bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encapsulated natural pigments: Techniques and applications
Authors: Singh Shivani , Aeri Vidhu , Sharma Vasudha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNatural food colorants have proven to be just as impactful as artificial ones, with the added advantages of being safer, offering health benefits in addition to instilling organoleptic attributes, exerting multiple benefits as ingredients that also function as polyphenols, antioxidants, sometimes as preservatives, and consequently giving food products its efficacious characteristics. Color plays a crucial role in determining the quality of a product as well as its acceptance. Regardless of their collective advantages like owing great color intensity, there are many factors like handling, storage, and processing conditions that influence their final hue which is sometimes not desirable. An overview of current literature on utilizable wall materials for natural colorants and a description of techniques for microencapsulating food colorants are provided in this paper. The retention of pigment for maximum bioavailability in the human gastrointestinal system through food supplementation requires adequate encapsulation strategies. The present review also discusses recent developments in traditionally used techniques that have been employed to maximize physicochemical characteristics of food. Additionally, the purpose of this review is to explore and examine some of the application of natural food colors in food industry.Practical applicationTo meet the ever‐increasing consumer demand for natural‐derived and safer food ingredients that lack any adverse effects and can even encourage good health, a number of experiments have been conducted for the development of more effective and selective food colorants that are consumer‐friendly. To equate their properties with synthetic ones, natural colorants must be optimized for processing conditions, research into new sources, and new formulations for stability must be done. This article reflects on one such strategy which is encapsulation. The purpose of this review is to elaborate on the usage of different techniques and applications in order to assess the stability, efficiency and commercial possibilities of encapsulated colorant and to summarize briefly the regulation administered by different authorities for standardization of these colorants. Therefore, it is strongly advised that rules and initiatives to educate consumers and food businesses concerning food colors be put into effect. Regulations, labeling requirements, and product developments make it difficult to navigate this rapidly changing dynamics of natural food colors. Therefore, substantial studies on each valid core and wall material provide immeasurable scope of study. Furthermore, the stabilization of natural pigments poses the greatest challenge to their use as food colors. This can only be overcome by extensive research that can make us familiar with all their implications.
Use of DDTs and PCBs as chemical tracers in assessing the foraging locations and habits of northern elephant seals from Guadalupe Island (Mexico)
Authors: Muntaner‐López Gádor , González‐Armas Rogelio , Galván‐Magaña Felipe , Lowe Christopher G. , Elorriaga‐Verplancken Fernando R. , Lorenzi Varenka , Villalobos Hector , Hoyos‐Padilla Edgar Mauricio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOrganochlorine contaminants (OCs) accumulate in top predators, reaching high levels associated with negative physiological effects. Measuring OCs is key for assessing the accumulation of their loads and evaluating the efficiency of contaminant regulations. Some OCs generate specific signatures in certain areas, which allow us to track potential movements and feeding habits of species. Thirty‐five blubber biopsies were taken from northern elephant seals (NES) during fall at Guadalupe Island (GI), Mexico, an important site for hauling‐out, molting, and breeding. Biopsies were analyzed for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (tDDTs), hexachlorobenzene, chlordanes, and total PCB congeners (tPCBs). tDDTs were higher in adults than in juveniles, suggesting age class‐based bioaccumulation, related to time and differences in foraging and habitat use between age groups. Females had higher variability of OCs than males, attributed to multiple causes, including variation in the use of foraging grounds and niche segregation. The DDT:PCB ratios were the highest, showing similarity with the Palos Verdes (California) contaminant signature, suggesting the use of similar feeding areas in relation to juvenile NES from Southern California.Our baseline of OC levels for NES at GI, allows future monitoring of changes in legacy contaminants over time, and the evaluation of the efficiency of their regulations.
Precision of the Abaxis VetScan VS2 for postmortem biochemical analysis of delphinid vitreous humor
Authors: Zorotrian Tiffany , Stern Adam W. , Gao Hanzhi , Costidis Alexander , Fontaine Christine , Deming Alissa , Harms Craig , Adams Hayley R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBiochemical analysis of vitreous humor has several forensic applications, including toxicology, estimation of the postmortem interval, and as proxy for select antemortem serum analytes. Estimation of postmortem interval from vitreous humor analytes such as potassium has potential to be a valuable forensic tool for marine mammal strandings, as time of death is essential to provide spatial and temporal context for anthropogenic interactions. The Abaxis VetScan VS2 (VetScan) chemistry analyzer is inexpensive, compact, and requires low sample volume (100 μl), making it ideal for organizations with limited resources and limited samples. This pilot study compared accuracy of the Vetscan on delphinid serum/plasma (n = 7) to the Beckman Coulter AU480, validated the precision of the Vetscan for biochemical analysis of delphinid vitreous humor using the described sample processing protocol, and assessed analyte stability at room temperature in delphinid vitreous humor. Pooled samples (n = 12) of delphinid vitreous humor were serially analyzed and the between‐run and within‐run coefficient of variation of the VetScan was acceptable for most analytes tested but was not for creatinine, total bilirubin, amylase, and alanine aminotransferase. These results demonstrated the precision of the VetScan for the analysis of glucose, albumin, globulin, total protein, urea nitrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus in delphinid vitreous humor.
OeBAS and CYP716C67 catalyze the biosynthesis of health‐beneficial triterpenoids in olive (Olea europaea) fruits
Authors: Alagna Fiammetta , Reed James , Calderini Ornella , Thimmappa Ramesha , Cultrera Nicolò G. M. , Cattivelli Alice , Tagliazucchi Davide , Mousavi Soraya , Mariotti Roberto , Osbourn Anne , Baldoni Luciana 
Published: March 2023

Summary
The bioactive properties of olive (Olea europaea) fruits and olive oil are largely attributed to terpenoid compounds, including diverse triterpenoids such as oleanolic, maslinic and ursolic acids, erythrodiol, and uvaol. They have applications in the agri‐food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Some key steps involved in the biosynthesis of these compounds are still unknown.
Genome mining, biochemical analysis, and trait association studies have been used to identify major gene candidates controlling triterpenoid content of olive fruits.
Here, we identify and functionally characterize an oxidosqualene cyclase (OeBAS) required for the production of the major triterpene scaffold β‐amyrin, the precursor of erythrodiol, oleanolic and maslinic acids, and a cytochrome P450 (CYP716C67) that mediates 2α oxidation of the oleanane‐ and ursane‐type triterpene scaffolds to produce maslinic and corosolic acids, respectively. To confirm the enzymatic functions of the entire pathway, we have reconstituted the olive biosynthetic pathway for oleanane‐ and ursane‐type triterpenoids in the heterologous host, Nicotiana benthamiana. Finally, we have identified genetic markers associated with oleanolic and maslinic acid fruit content on the chromosomes carrying the OeBAS and CYP716C67 genes.
Our results shed light on the biosynthesis of olive triterpenoids and provide new gene targets for germplasm screening and breeding for high triterpenoid content.
Localization and expression of SLX4 in the testis of sterile male cattle‐yak
Authors: Zhao Shang‐Shang , Wu Shi‐Xin , Jia Gong‐Xue , Abulizi Wusiman , Yang Qi‐En 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCattle‐yak, the hybrid offspring of yak (Bos grunniens) and cattle (Bos taurus), serves as a unique model to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying reproductive isolation. While female cattle‐yaks are fertile, the males are completely sterile due to spermatogenic arrest at the meiosis stage and massive germ cell apoptosis. Interestingly, meiotic defects are partially rescued in the testes of backcrossed offspring. The genetic basis of meiotic defects in male cattle‐yak remains unclear. Structure‐specific endonuclease subunit (SLX4) participates in meiotic double‐strand break (DSB) formation in mice, and its deletion results in defects in spermatogenesis. In the present study, we examined the expression patterns of SLX4 in the testes of yak, cattle‐yak, and backcrossed offspring to investigate its potential roles in hybrid sterility. The results showed that the relative abundances of SLX4 mRNA and protein were significantly reduced in the testis of cattle‐yak. The results of immunohistochemistry revealed that SLX4 was predominately expressed in spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Chromosome spreading experiments showed that SLX4 was significantly decreased in the pachytene spermatocytes of cattle‐yak compared with yak and backcrossed offspring. These findings suggest that SLX4 expression was dysregulated in the testis of cattle‐yak, potentially resulting in the failure of crossover formation and collapses of meiosis in hybrid males.
Pietro Aretino's (un)Virgilian Sack of Rome☆
Authors: Goethals Jessica 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPietro Aretino was a particularly frequent commentator on the catastrophic 1527 Sack of Rome by the Spanish, German and Italian troops of Charles V. This article examines one of his most extended, and curious, responses to the Sack: the explicit parody of Virgil's Books I‐IV of The Aeneid that opens Day Two of his Dialogo. The episode features a satirical Cinquecento take on the story of Aeneas and Dido: a despicable baron who escaped Rome and a ruling lady in whom his tale of the city's fall stoked a desire that ultimately resulted in her abandonment and suicide. Commentary on these pages has centred especially on the Didonian scenes of the lady's laments and Aretino's explicit acknowledgement of his having ‘filched’ them from Virgil's Book IV. The baron's account of the Sack, in contrast, often has been summarized as a mere attempt – largely ineffective – to offer readers a conveniently contemporary equivalent to Aeneas's narration of the fall of Troy in Books II and III. This article argues instead that the baron's description is pointedly unVirgilian and draws on another body of unheroic texts: publications, including Aretino's own, on the Sack that circulated in its aftermath.
United in disagreement: Analyzing policy networks in EU policy making
Authors: Abel Dennis , Mertens Armin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractShared belief systems are generally assumed to forge policy networks. Empirical evidence whether and to what extend shared policy core beliefs create ally networks and under which circumstances shared policy core beliefs are not necessary to form these networks, however, is limited. Based on a novel inferential network approach in combination with mediation analysis, this study investigates the role of belief systems as a link between interest group type and policy preference congruence, ultimately leading to ally networks in the European Union. In order to measure the intervening effect of policy core beliefs, automated text analysis is used. Our results suggest that shared policy core beliefs are a strong mediator for members of the same interest group. In addition, “strange bedfellow” networks between NGOs and businesses do, in fact, lack belief congruence and emerge on issues with low potential for intergroup conflict. This paper makes a contribution to our understanding of ally network formation and adds to the emerging line of research which combines quantitative text with inferential network analysis.
Setting up a University City. Geographies of Exclusion in North Turin
Authors: Cenere Samantha , Mangione Erica , Santangelo Marco , Servillo Loris 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTUniversities have progressively seen a change in their role as actors in the transformation of cities, with the growth of student populations and related studentification processes that are seen both as drivers of development and causes of negative externalities. What risks being overshadowed, however, is the complex array of interests and agencies that are involved. The aim of the article is, thus, to explore the production of geographies of exclusion that cannot be simply linked to the negative impacts directly exerted by the increased pressure of students' concentrations on specific neighbourhoods. They can also be related to the specific form that urban development strategies driven by higher education institutions takes in post‐industrial cities. The case of Turin, Italy, shows that a dominant narrative on the role of universities has triggered various stakeholders' strategic orientation and that, therefore, variegated transformations can be interpreted as the effects of capital investments that materialise in university‐related ‘fixes’.
A worldwide survey on perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis for heart transplantation: From theory to clinical practice
Authors: Seminari Elena , Ladini Giulia Sofia , Colaneri Marta , Chow Jennifer , Bruno Raffaele 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of our survey was to analyze the current attitudes toward antimicrobial prophylaxis in heart transplanting centers worldwide.MethodsThe survey was composed of a total of 50 questions, it consisted of four different sections as follows. The first section collected physicians’ personal data and centers’ general characteristics, second assessed the approach to patients colonized with multidrug‐resistant organisms (MDROs), while the third consisted of the infection risk related to cardiovascular devices, and antimicrobial treatment data, the last focused on donor's colonization.ResultsA total of 56 answers from 26 different countries were collected, mostly from Europe (n = 30) and the USA (n = 16). A first‐generation cephalosporin (58.9%) or a combination therapy with vancomycin (10.7%) were the most frequently prescribed antimicrobial prophylaxis. Roughly 30% of the centers used different antimicrobial prophylaxis,mostly including Gram negative bacteria coverage. The frequency of screening for multidrug resistant Gram‐negative bacteria was higher in Europe, where the percentage of centers providing screening for extended spectrum beta‐lactamase (46.7%) and carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) (53.3%) was higher than in other geographic area (p = .019; p = .013, respectively).ConclusionThis survey highlights a heterogeneity of clinical practice concerning antimicrobial prophylaxis at transplant. The concern for potential Gram‐negative bacteria infection was responsible for broader antimicrobial coverage in 30% of centers.
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Validation of the INCREMENT‐SOT‐CPE score in a large cohort of liver transplant recipients with carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacterales infection
Authors: Rinaldi Matteo , Bonazzetti Cecilia , Gallo Mena , Ferraro Giuseppe , Freire Maristela , Terrabuio Débora Raquel Benedita , Tandoi Francesco , Romagnoli Renato , De Rosa Francesco Giuseppe , Mularoni Alessandra , Ferrarese Alberto , Burra Patrizia , Halpern Marcia , Balbi Elizabeth , Simkins Jacques , Abbo Lilian , Morrás Ignacio , Cantero Mireia , Alagna Laura , Bandera Alessandra , Clemente Wanessa Trinidade , Valerio Maricela , Fernández Ainhoa , Muñoz Patricia , Statlender Liran , Yahav Dafna , Camargo Luis Fernando Aranha , Girão Evelyne Santana , Grossi Paolo , Viale Pierluigi , Curti Stefania , Giannella Maddalena ,   CRECOOLT study group
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundManagement of infections due to carbapenemase‐resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients remains a difficult challenge. The INCREMENT‐SOT‐CPE score has been specifically developed from SOT recipients to stratify mortality risk, but an external validation is lacking.MethodsMulticenter retrospective cohort study of liver transplant (LT) recipients colonized with CRE infection who developed infection after transplant over 7‐year period. Primary endpoint was all‐cause 30‐day mortality from infection onset. A comparison between INCREMENT‐SOT‐CPE and other selected scores was performed. A two‐level mixed effects logistic regression model with random effects for the center was fitted. Performance characteristics at optimal cut‐point were calculated. Multivariable Cox regression analysis of risk factors for all‐cause 30‐day mortality was carried out.ResultsOverall, 250 CRE carriers developed infection after LT and were analyzed. The median age was 55 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 46–62) and 157 were males (62.8%). All‐cause 30‐day mortality was 35.6%. A sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score ≥ 11 showed a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of 69.7%, 76.4%, 62.0%, 82.0%, and 74.0%, respectively. An INCREMENT‐SOT‐CPE ≥ 11 reported a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of 73.0%, 62.1%, 51.6%, 80.6% and 66.0%, respectively. At multivariable analysis acute renal failure, prolonged mechanical ventilation, INCREMENT‐SOT‐CPE score ≥ 11 and SOFA score ≥ 11 were independently associated with all‐cause 30‐day mortality, while a tigecycline‐based targeted regimen was found to be protective.ConclusionsBoth INCREMENT‐SOT‐CPE ≥ 11 and SOFA ≥ 11 were identified as strong predictors of all‐cause 30‐day mortality in a large cohort of CRE carriers developing infection after LT.
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Corneal stromal ulcerations in a referral population of dogs and cats in the Netherlands (2012–2019): Bacterial isolates and antibiotic resistance
Authors: Verdenius Clara Y. , Broens Els M. , Slenter Inge J. M. , Djajadiningrat‐Laanen Sylvia C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate bacterial isolates from corneal stromal ulcerations in dogs and cats in the Netherlands, review their antibiotic susceptibility, determine whether recent topical treatment affected bacterial culture results, and investigate whether (multi‐drug) resistance patterns changed over time.Animals studiedClient‐owned dogs and cats were diagnosed with corneal stromal ulceration at the Utrecht University Clinic for Companion Animals between 2012 and 2019.ProceduresRetrospective analysis.ResultsIn total, 163 samples were collected from 122 dogs (130 samples) and 33 cats. Positive cultures were obtained from 76 canine and 13 feline samples (59% and 39%, respectively) and included Staphylococcus (42 in dogs, 8 in cats), Streptococcus (22 in dogs, 2 in cats), and Pseudomonas (9 in dogs, 1 in cats) species. Significantly fewer positive cultures were found in dogs and cats previously treated with topical antibiotics (χ2 = 6.52, p = .011 and χ2 = 4.27, p = .039, respectively). Bacterial resistance to chloramphenicol was more common in dogs previously treated with chloramphenicol (χ2 = 5.24, p = .022). The incidence of acquired antibiotic resistance did not increase significantly over time. In dogs, the incidence of multi‐drug‐resistant isolates increased significantly between 2012–2015 and 2016–2019 (9.4% vs. 38.6%, p = .0032).ConclusionsStaphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Pseudomonas species were the most common bacteria associated with canine and feline corneal stromal ulcerations. Previous treatment with antibiotics affected bacterial culture results and antibiotic sensitivity. Although the overall incidence of acquired antibiotic resistance did not change over time, the incidence of multi‐drug‐resistant isolates in dogs increased over an 8‐year period.
Open projections and Murray–von Neumann equivalence
Authors: Kaneda Masayoshi , Schick Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe characterize the ‐algebras for which openness of projections in their second duals is preserved under Murray–von Neumann equivalence. They are precisely the extensions of commutative ‐algebras by annihilator ‐algebras. We also show that the annihilator ‐algebras are precisely the ‐algebras for which all projections in their second duals are open.
Design and Optimization of a Helix Finned Tube Heat Exchanger for 2 K Superfluid Helium Vertical Test Stand
Authors: Xianjin Wang , Xiaofei Niu , Feng Bai , Peng Zhang , Shuping Chen , Junhui Zhang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A 2 K heat exchanger is essential for 2 K superfluid helium cryogenic systems, as it increases cooling capacity and improves overall system efficiency. The thermal performance of a 2 K heat exchanger is affected by many factors, such as fluid properties, operating conditions, and geometric parameters. The segmented effectiveness-NTU method approach is used to design the heat exchanger because the physical prosperities of helium vary significantly in the heat exchanger's working temperature, which greatly influences heat transfer characteristics. Meanwhile, the response surface methodology (RSM) is used to optimize the heat exchanger. The optimum combination of geometry parameters is found based on thermal performance and fabrication. According to analyses of single and multiple geometric characteristics by RSM, the tube diameter and fin number have the most significant impact on the heat exchanger performance. Finally, the performance of the heat exchanger is verified experimentally. The experimental results are in good agreement with the present design and optimization model.
Exploring Human Milk, Nutrition, Growth, and Breastfeeding Rates at Discharge(HUMMINGBIRD Study): a protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chmelova Kristina , Berrington Janet , Shenker Natalie , Zalewski Stefan , Rankin Judith , Embleton Nick 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionMother’s own breast milk (MOM) is the optimal nutrition for preterm infants as it reduces the incidence of key neonatal morbidities and improves long-term outcomes. However, MOM shortfall is common and either preterm formula or pasteurised donor human milk (DHM) may be used, although practice varies widely. Limited data suggest that the use of DHM may impact maternal beliefs and behaviours and therefore breastfeeding rates. The aim of this pilot study is to determine if longer duration of DHM exposure increases breastfeeding rates, and if a randomised controlled trial (RCT) design is feasible.Methods and analysisThe Human Milk, Nutrition, Growth, and Breastfeeding Rates at Discharge (HUMMINGBIRD) Study is a feasibility and pilot, non-blinded RCT with a contemporaneous qualitative evaluation. Babies born less than 33 weeks’ gestation or with birth weight <1500 g whose mothers intend to provide MOM are randomly assigned to either control (DHM used to make up shortfall until full feeds and preterm formula thereafter) or intervention (DHM used for shortfall until 36 weeks’ corrected age or discharge if sooner). The primary outcome is breast feeding at discharge. Secondary outcomes include growth, neonatal morbidities, length of stay, breastfeeding self-efficacy and postnatal depression using validated questionnaires. Qualitative interviews using a topic guide will explore perceptions around use of DHM and analysed using thematic analysis.Ethics approval and disseminationNottingham 2 Research Ethics Committee granted approval (IRAS Project ID 281071) and recruitment commenced on 7 June 2021. Results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberISRCTN57339063.