bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiated Modulating the Electronic Structure of NiFe@Ni/Fe‐MnOx via Phase Transformation Engineering to Synergy Promote Bifunctional Water Splitting Reactions
Authors: Feng Min , Tang Yu , Li Zhimin , Zhang Zhengfu , Li Chengping , Bao Rui , Yi Jianhong , Chen Jiangzhao , Wang Jinsong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractModulating electronic structure to balance the requirement of both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for developing bifunctional catalysts. Herein, phase transformation engineering is utilized to separately regulate catalyst structure, and the designed NiFe@Ni/Fe‐MnOOH schottky heterojunction exhibits remarkable bifunctional electrocatalytic activity with low overpotentials of 19 and 230 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for HER and OER in 1M KOH, respectively. Meanwhile, an anion‐exchange membrane water electrolyzer employing NiFe@Ni/Fe‐MnOOH as electrodes shows low voltages of 1.487/1.953 V at 10/1000 mA cm−2, and operating over 200 h at 1000 mA cm−2. Combining theoretical calculations and experiments reveal that phase transformation engineering can differentially regulate the active phases of HER/OER. In the HER, Ni/Fe‐MnOOH and metallic NiFe act as the *OH and *H acceptors respectively to accelerates the water dissociation and subsequent Heyrovsky/Tafel step. While in the OER, the significant Jahn‐Teller effect of Mn3+ induces the surface reconstruction from Ni/Fe‐MnOOH to Ni/Fe‐MnO2. The formative high value Mn4+ can modify the M‐O hybridization and activate the lattice oxygen mechanism, which is pivotal for breaking the restriction of volcanic relationship and reducing OER overpotential. These findings provide valuable design guidelines for high‐performance multi‐functional electrocatalysts via phase transformation engineering.
Using High‐Entropy Configuration Strategy to Design Spinel Lithium Manganate Cathodes with Remarkable Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Huang Yixue , Zhang Bao , zhang Jian , Wang Yongqi , Xia Ling , Xiang Mingwu , Han Wenchang , Li Jie , Feng Ziliang , Liu Yongkang , Zhang Enfeng , Duan Jianguo , Dong Peng , Zhang Yingjie , Zhang Yannan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOwing to its abundant manganese source, high operating voltage, and good ionic diffusivity attributed to its 3D Li‐ion diffusion channels. Spinel LiMn2O4 is considered a promising low‐cost positive electrode material in the context of reducing scarce elements such as cobalt and nickel from advanced lithium‐ion batteries. However, the rapid capacity degradation and inadequate rate capabilities induced by the Jahn–Teller distortion and the manganese dissolution have limited the large‐scale adoption of spinel LiMn2O4 for decades. In this study, LiMn1.98Mg0.005Ti0.005Sb0.005Ce0.005O4 spinel positive electrode material (HE‐LMO) with remarkable interfacial structural and cycling stability is developed based on a complex concentrated doping strategy. The initial discharge capacity and capacity retention of the electrode of HE‐LMO are 111.51 mAh g−1 and 90.55% after 500 cycles at 1 C. The as‐prepared HE‐LMO displays favorable cycling stability, significantly surpassing the pristine sample. Furthermore, theoretical calculations strongly support the above finding. HE‐LMO has a higher and more continuous density of states at the Fermi energy level and more robust bonded states of the electrons among the Mn─O atom pairs. This research contributes to the field of high‐entropy doping modification and establishes a facile strategy for designing advanced spinel manganese‐based lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs).
Cascading Bagging and Boosting Ensemble Methods for Intrusion Detection in Cyber‐Physical Systems
Authors: Ji Ram , Selwal Arvind , Kumar Neerendra , Padha Devanand 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAn ensemble‐inspired intrusion detection approach for cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) has been proposed. CPSs are susceptible to different cyber‐attacks. Attacks on CPSs result in the hindrance of critical services made available by them. To protect CPSs various intrusion detection systems (IDSs) exist. However, present IDSs have limitations of constrained detection accuracy, high false alarm rate, and latency. A hybrid intrusion detection approach for CPSs that integrates the pros of bagging and boosting methods has been proposed to minimize the mentioned limitations. The proposed approach uses AdaBoost and random forest (RF) algorithms as base models. Optimal features most indicative of attack behavior are selected based on the aggregated significant scores of each feature calculated using the base models. The base models are retrained using the selected features. The final selection of features is predicted by adopting the majority vote technique. The proposed method is implemented on the CIC‐IoT‐2023 dataset for multiclassification of intrusions. Thereby selecting only the best‐exclusive number of features for intrusion detection, the proposed approach gives better results like accuracy (98.27%), precision (0.98), recall (0.98), F1‐score (0.98), average false positive rate (FPR) (0.0006), and testing time (0.1563s). By conducting extensive experiments, it has been observed that selecting the best 21 out of 46 features aids in minimizing the space and time complexities of the proposed approach. The proposed approach performs better than the existing state‐of‐the‐art approaches available in the literature regarding FPR and testing time.
Listen, act and support: An investigation into individual and organisational incivility management in veterinary practice
Authors: Irwin Amy , Santos Luiz , Silver‐MacMahon Helen , Mossop Liz 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigates the impact of workplace and client incivility on veterinary staff wellbeing and job satisfaction, examining both individual responses and organisational support mechanisms to identify best practices for managing incivility.MethodA mixed‐methods approach was employed, involving a survey of 192 veterinary professionals from various roles and practice types. The survey measured experiences of incivility, individual factors (anxiety, stress, burnout, job satisfaction and turnover intention) and organisational factors (perceived organisational support, social support and civility climate).ResultsClient incivility was a significant predictor of increased anxiety, burnout and stress, while co‐worker incivility was a significant predictor of increased anxiety. Organisational support and team civility were found to be significant predictors of job satisfaction and turnover intention, with organisational support mediating the impact of co‐worker incivility on anxiety. Qualitative analysis highlighted the importance of listening to staff concerns and taking proactive measures to address incivility.LimitationsThe data are cross‐sectional and subjective, and the sample is predominantly female.ConclusionEffective management of incivility in veterinary practices requires robust organisational support and clear policies. Practices should prioritise listening to staff, fostering a supportive environment and implementing training programs to mitigate the adverse effects of incivility on staff wellbeing and job satisfaction.
Identification and validation of two quantitative trait loci for dwarf bunt in the resistant cultivar ‘UI Silver’
Authors: Joshi Pabitra , Dhillon Guriqbal Singh , Gao Yaotian , Kaur Amandeep , Wheeler Justin , Chen Xianming , Krause William , Krause Margaret R. , Chen Jianli 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Key message
Two dwarf bunt resistance QTLs were mapped to chromosome 6D, and KASP markers associated with the loci were developed and validated in a panel of regionally adapted winter wheats. UI Silver is an invaluable adapted resistant cultivar possessing the two identified QTL potentially associated with genes Bt9 and Bt10 and will be useful in future cultivar development to improve dwarf bunt resistance.

Abstract
Dwarf bunt, caused by Tilletia controversa, is a fungal disease of wheat that can cause complete loss of grain yield and quality during epidemics. Traditional breeding for dwarf bunt resistance requires many years of field screening under stringent conditions with disease assessment possible only near or after plant maturity. Molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) offers a more efficient alternative. This study identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) and associated molecular markers for dwarf bunt resistance in wheat. A doubled haploid (DH) mapping population of 135 lines, derived from bunt-resistant cultivar ‘UI Silver’ and susceptible line ‘Shaan89150’, was evaluated in field nursery in Logan, Utah in 2017, 2018, and 2023. The population was genotyped using Illumina 90 K SNP iSelect marker platform. Using inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM), the major QTL Qdb.ssdhui-6DL was consistently identified on chromosome arm 6DL across all environments, explaining phenotypic variations ranging from 15.29% to 35.40%. Another QTL, Qdb.ssdhui-6DS, was detected on chromosome arm 6DS, explaining approximately 11% of the phenotypic variation. These two QTLs exhibit additive-by-additive effects for increased resistance within the DH population. Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers were developed within QTL intervals and used in a validation panel of regionally adapted winter wheat lines to confirm the association between the two QTL and dwarf bunt resistance. Thus, ‘UI Silver’ and additional resistant cultivars with these two QTLs are valuable parental lines for improving dwarf bunt resistance through marker-assisted selection. These genetic resources are essential for understanding gene function via map-based gene cloning.
Feasibility of a clouds and edge computing scheme for internal due date assignment in advanced manufacturing systems
Authors: Chen Tin-Chih Toly , Lin Chi-Wei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Most of the existing edge computing applications in manufacturing systems are used for machine status detection, material transportation tracking, resource management, process control, and production planning, but are rarely used to support management activities. To fill this gap, this study designs a cloud and edge computing scheme for internal due date assignment, in which a sales representative visits a customer and negotiates with him/her the due date of a possible order. In the past, such tasks were accomplished by querying a deep learning system on the backend or cloud server, which was affected by difficulties such as cloud computing application licensing, network speed, and bandwidth. To overcome these difficulties, in the cloud and edge computing scheme, a possible order is broken down into lots that are released based on daily quotas. A deep neural network (DNN) is then constructed on the cloud server to estimate the output time of each lot, thereby obtaining the completion time of the possible order for internal due date assignment. A random forest (RF) is also built to approximate the trained DNN for internal due date assignment using edge computing. The cloud and edge computing scheme for internal due date assignment has been experimentally applied to a wafer fabrication case. According to the experimental results, the cloud and edge computing scheme provided a portable, self-contained, and instant solution for internal due date assignment that the common practice and cloud computing counterparts could not achieve. The cloud and edge computing scheme also avoided the potential leakage of confidential production condition data.
Was alle über Künstliche Intelligenz wissen sollen und wie KI-bezogene Kompetenzen in der Schule entwickelt werden können
Authors: Losch Daniel , Jaschke Steffen , Michaeli Tilman , Opel Simone , Schmid Ute , Seegerer Stefan , Stechert Peer 
Published: January 2025

ZusammenfassungAufbauend auf dem Positionspapier der Gesellschaft für Informatik zur Bedeutung von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in der Bildung wird im Beitrag die Notwendigkeit diskutiert, Schüler*innen sowie Lehrkräfte auf die Chancen und Herausforderungen von KI vorzubereiten. Es werden verschiedene Ansätze zum Lehren und Lernen über und mit KI vorgestellt, darunter die Integration von KI in den Informatikunterricht, die Verwendung von Unplugged-Ansätzen und die Entwicklung von KI-bezogenen Kompetenzen in der beruflichen Bildung. Der Beitrag betont die Bedeutung von Informatik als Pflichtfach im allgemeinbildenden Unterricht. Abschließend werden die Konsequenzen von KI für die Bildung und die Notwendigkeit eines interdisziplinären Diskurses über die Gestaltung von Bildung in einer digital geprägten Welt diskutiert.
ENSO-induced Latitudinal Variation of the Subtropical Jet Modulates Extreme Winter Precipitation over the Western Himalaya
Authors: Bharati Priya , Deb Pranab , Hunt Kieran M. R. , Orr Andrew , Dash Mihir Kumar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, we investigate the complex relationship between western disturbances (WDs), the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and extreme precipitation events (EPEs) in the western Himalaya (WH) during the extended winter season (November–March). WDs west of WH coincide with 97% of recorded EPEs, contributing substantially (32% in winter, 11% annually) to total precipitation within WH. WDs are 6% less frequent and 4% more intense during El Niño than La Niña to the west of WH. During El Niño (compared to La Niña) years, WDs co-occurring with EPEs are significantly more intense and associated with 17% higher moisture transport over “WH box” (the selected region where most of the winter precipitation over WH occurs). This results in twice the EPE frequency during El Niño periods than La Niña periods. A substantial southward shift (∼180 km) of the subtropical jet (STJ) axis during El Niño brings WD tracks further south towards their primary moisture sources, especially the Arabian Sea. We have shown that WDs that are both more intense and pass to the south of their typical latitudes have higher levels of vertically integrated moisture flux (VIMF) within them. VIMF convergence in the most intense pentile of WDs is 5.7 times higher than in the weakest, and is 3.4 times higher in the second lowest latitude pentile than in the highest. Overall, this study demonstrates a direct link between changes in the latitudinal position and intensity of WDs associated with the winter STJ, and moisture convergence, which leads to the occurrence of EPEs over WH during ENSO phases.
Communication lower bounds for cryptographic broadcast protocols
Authors: Blum Erica , Boyle Elette , Cohen Ran , Liu-Zhang Chen-Da 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Broadcast protocols enable a set of n parties to agree on the input of a designated sender, even facing attacks by malicious parties. In the honest-majority setting, randomization and cryptography were harnessed to achieve low-communication broadcast with sub-quadratic total communication and balanced sub-linear cost per party. However, comparatively little is known in the dishonest-majority setting. Here, the most communication-efficient constructions are based on Dolev and Strong (SICOMP ’83), and sub-quadratic broadcast has not been achieved. On the other hand, the only nontrivial

$$\omega (n)$$

ω
(
n
)

communication lower bounds are restricted to deterministic protocols, or against strong adaptive adversaries that can perform “after the fact” removal of messages. We provide new communication lower bounds in this space, which hold against arbitrary cryptography and setup assumptions, as well as a simple sub-quadratic broadcast protocol showing near tightness of our first bound.
Caregiving responsibility and psychological distress among community-dwelling cancer survivors in the United States
Authors: Mahmood Asos , Kim Hyunmin , Kedia Satish , Boykins Alexandria , Goldsmith Joy V. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
There are over 18 million cancer survivors in the U.S., with a projected increase of 24.4% over the next decade. Currently, little is known about the relationship between a cancer survivor’s caregiving responsibility and their psychological distress. This study examines whether cancer survivors who assume the role of informal caregivers (surviving caregivers) experience greater psychological distress than cancer survivors without caregiving responsibilities.

Methods
Data were drawn from the National Cancer Institute’s Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS5, Cycles 1 through 4, 2017–2020). The analytical sample included 2,579 U.S. cancer survivors. Caregiving responsibility was self-reported, and psychological distress was assessed through the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4). Accounting for the complex design features of HINTS and jackknife replicate weights, a multivariable multinomial logistic regression model was fit to compute adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and their associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
Overall, 19.3% of cancer survivors had mild psychological distress, and 10.9% had moderate to severe psychological distress. Approximately 19.1% of the cancer survivors self-reported caregiving responsibilities. Compared to cancer survivors with no caregiving responsibilities, surviving caregivers had more than twofold greater odds of experiencing mild (aOR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.17, 4.29) and moderate to severe (aOR = 2.18; 95% CI: 1.07, 4.46) psychological distress. Other factors associated with greater psychological distress among cancer survivors included female sex, lower perceived health status, and having one or more chronic diseases.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that caregiving among cancer survivors has a substantial adverse impact on their mental and emotional well-being. Cancer surviving caregivers are a distinct subgroup that navigates both survivorship and caregiving burdens at the same time. There is a need to identify and develop tailored interventions, programs, and resources for this vulnerable group of cancer survivors.
Labile Soil Carbon Heterogeneity Driven by Consumer Engineering of Aboveground Structure in a Kenyan Savanna
Authors: Forbes Elizabeth S. , Moore Dana D. , Mantas John Naisikie , Schimel Joshua , Young Truman P. , Young Hillary S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAboveground ecosystem structure moderates and even confers essential ecosystem functions. This includes an ecosystem’s carbon dynamics, which are strongly influenced by its structure: for example, tropical savannas like those in central Kenya store substantial amounts of carbon in soil. Savannas’ belowground allocation of carbon makes them important for global carbon sequestration, but difficult to monitor. However, the labile soil carbon pool is responsive to changes in ecosystem structure and is thus a good indicator of overall soil organic carbon dynamics. Kenya’s savanna structure is controlled by belowground ecosystem engineers (termites), ambient weather conditions, and the aboveground engineering influences of large-bodied, mammalian consumers. As a result, climate change and biodiversity loss are likely to change savannas’ aboveground structure. To predict likely outcomes of these threats on savanna soil carbon, it is critical to explore the relationships between labile soil carbon and ecosystem structure, local climate, and mammalian consumer community composition. In a large-scale, long-term herbivore exclosure experiment in central Kenya, we sampled labile carbon from surface soils at three distinct savanna structural elements: termite mounds, beneath tree canopies, and the grassland matrix. In one sampling year, we measured total extractable organic carbon (TEOC), total extractable nitrogen (TEN), and extractable microbial biomass for each sample. Across three sampling years with varying weather conditions, we measured rate of labile soil carbon mineralization. We quantified areal coverage of each structural element across herbivore community treatments to estimate pool sizes and mineralization dynamics at the plot scale. Concentrations and stocks of soil TEOC, TEN, and microbial biomass were driven by the structural element from which they were sampled (soils collected under tree canopies generally had the highest of each). Large-bodied herbivore community composition interacted variably with concentrations, stocks, and carbon mineralization, resulting in apparently compensatory effects of herbivore treatment and structural element with no net effects of large herbivore community composition on plot-scale labile carbon dynamics. We confirmed engineering of structural heterogeneity by consumers and identified distinct labile carbon dynamics in each structural element. However, carbon and nitrogen were also influenced by consumer community composition, indicating potentially compensatory interacting effects of herbivore treatment and structural element. These results suggest that one pathway by which consumers influence savanna carbon is by altering its structural heterogeneity and thus the heterogeneity of its plot-scale labile carbon.
Heterogeneous and scale-dependent behaviour of an initially dense sand specimen in triaxial compression
Authors: Schmidt Selma , Herle Ivo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The heterogeneity of a dense sand specimen in triaxial compression has been revealed in many different studies using tools such as x-ray computed tomography. It has been shown that a significant variation of the soil variables already exists at the initial state and that, if shear banding occurs, all variables localise inside the specimen. To resolve the discrepancy between such observations and the assumption of a homogeneous specimen, which is commonly made in the interpretation of triaxial tests, one could either extract the local soil behaviour rather than the global one or use the initial distribution of the variables as the initial state of a boundary value problem. For both purposes, the size of a representative elementary volume (REV) is determined regarding the void ratio, two contact fabric descriptors, the volumetric and deviatoric strain. The size of the REV is either determined for individual loading states or by considering the evolution of deforming elements throughout the triaxial test. At the final loading state, a REV size of 3.6
$$d_{50}$$
is identified, which is also the size where the statistical distribution of the variables becomes independent of the element size. The same size is determined for the deforming elements and is therefore used to extract the soil behaviour from the evolving shear band. The local soil behaviour is found to be much simpler than the global one, which suggests that the complexity of the global behaviour mainly results from homogenising the highly different zones inside the specimen.

Graphical Abstract

Extraction of the soil behaviour inside the evolving shear band with the help of deforming representativeelementary volumes. The volumetric behaviour is represented by the evolution of the void ratio and the evolution ofthe contact fabric anisotropy is closely connected to the stress-strain behaviour. The soil behaviour on the REVscale might form the basis for an alternative approach for the development and calibration of constitutive modelsconsidering the heterogeneity of a soil specimen.