bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limitations and Biases in the Retrieval of the Polar Magnetic Field. I. The Role of the Magnetic Filling Factor in Milne–Eddington Inversions of Simulated Hinode/SP Data
Authors: Centeno Rebecca , Milić Ivan , Rempel Matthias , Nitta Nariaki V. , Sun Xudong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We study the extent to which Milne–Eddington inversions are able to retrieve and characterize the magnetic landscape of the solar poles from observations by the spectropolarimeter on board Hinode. In particular, we evaluate whether a variable magnetic filling factor is an adequate modeling technique for retrieving the intrinsic magnetic properties from every pixel in the polar field of view. We first generate synthetic spectra emerging from a numerical simulation of a “plage” region at an inclined line of sight of 65°, and degrade the data to emulate real observations. Then, we invert the synthetic spectra with two Milne–Eddington inversion codes that feature different treatments of the magnetic filling factor, and relate the retrieved magnetic quantities back to their original values in the simulation cube. We find that, while the apparent retrieved magnetic properties map the spatially degraded simulation well, the intrinsic magnetic quantities bear little relation to the magnetic field at the native resolution of the simulation. We discuss the systematic biases caused by line-of-sight foreshortening, spatial degradation, photon noise, and modeling assumptions embedded in the inversion algorithm.
Revisiting the Properties of X-Ray Active Galactic Nuclei in the SSA22 Protocluster: Normal Supermassive Black Hole and Host-galaxy Growth for AGNs in a z = 3.09 Overdensity
Authors: Monson Erik B. , Doore Keith , Eufrasio Rafael T. , Lehmer Bret D. , Alexander David M. , Harrison Chris M. , Kubo Mariko , Saez Cristian , Umehata Hideki 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We analyze the physical properties of eight X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and one candidate protoquasar system (ADF22A1) in the z = 3.09 SSA22 protocluster by fitting their X-ray-to-IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs) using our SED-fitting code, Lightning (https://www.github.com/rafaeleufrasio/lightning). We recover star formation histories (SFHs) for seven of these systems which are well fit by composite stellar population plus AGN models. We find indications that four out of nine of the SSA22 AGN systems we study have host galaxies below the main sequence, with SFR/SFRMS ≤ −0.4. The remaining SSA22 systems, including ADF22A1, are consistent with obscured supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth in star-forming galaxies. We estimate the SMBH accretion rates and masses, and compare the properties and SFHs of the nine protocluster AGN systems with X-ray-detected AGN candidates in the Chandra Deep Fields (CDF), finding that the distributions of SMBH growth rates, star formation rates (SFRs), SMBH masses, and stellar masses for the protocluster AGNs are consistent with field AGNs. We constrain the ratio between the sample-averaged SSA22 SMBH mass and CDF SMBH mass to <1.41. While the AGNs are located near the density peaks of the protocluster, we find no statistically significant trends between the AGN or host-galaxy properties and their location in the protocluster. We interpret the similarity of the protocluster and field AGN populations together with existing results as suggesting that the protocluster and field AGNs coevolve with their hosts in the same ways, while AGN-triggering events are more likely in the protocluster.
Constraints on the Gamma-Ray Emission from Small Solar System Bodies with the Fermi Large Area Telescope Data
Authors: De Gaetano S. , Di Venere L. , Gargano F. , Loparco F. , Lorusso L. , Mazziotta M. N. , Panzarini G. , Pillera R. , Serini D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
All known small solar system bodies have diameters between a few meters and a few thousands of kilometers. Based on the collisional evolution of solar system bodies, a larger number of asteroids with diameters down to ∼2 m is thought to exist. As all solar system bodies, small bodies can be passive sources of high-energy gamma-rays, produced by the interaction of energetic cosmic rays impinging on their surfaces. Since the majority of known asteroids are in orbits between Mars and Jupiter (in a region known as the Main Belt), we expect them to produce a diffuse emission close to the ecliptic plane. In this work, we have studied the gamma-ray emission coming from the ecliptic using the data collected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) onboard the Fermi satellite. We have fit the results with simulations of the gamma-ray intensity at the source level (calculated with the software FLUKA) to constrain the small solar system bodies population. Finally, we have proposed a model describing the distribution of asteroid sizes and we have used the LAT data to constrain the gamma-ray emission expected from this model and, in turn, on the model itself.
Elemental Abundances in M31: Individual and Coadded Spectroscopic [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] throughout the M31 Halo with SPLASH
Authors: Wojno J. Leigh , Gilbert Karoline M. , Kirby Evan N. , Escala Ivanna , Guhathakurta Puragra , Beaton Rachael L. , Kalirai Jason , Chiba Masashi , Majewski Steven R. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We present spectroscopic chemical abundances of red giant branch stars in Andromeda (M31), using medium-resolution (R ∼ 6000) spectra obtained via the Spectroscopic and Photometric Landscape of Andromeda’s Stellar Halo survey. In addition to individual chemical abundances, we coadd low signal-to-noise ratio spectra of stars to obtain a high enough signal to measure average [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] abundances. We obtain individual and coadded measurements for [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] for M31 halo stars, covering a range of 9–180 kpc in projected radius from the center of M31. With these measurements, we greatly increase the number of outer halo (R
proj > 50 kpc) M31 stars with spectroscopic [Fe/H] and [α/Fe], adding abundance measurements for 45 individual stars and 33 coadds from a pool of an additional 174 stars. We measure the spectroscopic metallicity ([Fe/H]) gradient, finding a negative radial gradient of −0.0084 ± 0.0008 for all stars in the halo, consistent with gradient measurements obtained using photometric metallicities. Using the first measurements of [α/Fe] for M31 halo stars covering a large range of projected radii, we find a positive gradient (+0.0027 ± 0.0005) in [α/Fe] as a function of projected radius. We also explore the distribution in [Fe/H]–[α/Fe] space as a function of projected radius for both individual and coadded measurements in the smooth halo, and compare these measurements to those stars potentially associated with substructure. These spectroscopic abundance distributions add to existing evidence that M31 has had an appreciably different formation and merger history compared to our own Galaxy.
Data-constrained Solar Modeling with GX Simulator
Authors: Nita Gelu M. , Fleishman Gregory D. , Kuznetsov Alexey A. , Anfinogentov Sergey A. , Stupishin Alexey G. , Kontar Eduard P. , Schonfeld Samuel J. , Klimchuk James A. , Gary Dale E. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
To facilitate the study of solar flares and active regions, we have created a modeling framework, the freely distributed GX Simulator IDL package, that combines 3D magnetic and plasma structures with thermal and nonthermal models of the chromosphere, transition region, and corona. Its object-based modular architecture, which runs on Windows, Mac, and Unix/Linux platforms, offers the ability to either import 3D density and temperature distribution models, or to assign numerically defined coronal or chromospheric temperatures and densities, or their distributions, to each individual voxel. GX Simulator can apply parametric heating models involving average properties of the magnetic field lines crossing a given voxel, as well as compute and investigate the spatial and spectral properties of radio, (sub)millimeter, EUV, and X-ray emissions calculated from the model, and quantitatively compare them with observations. The package includes a fully automatic model production pipeline that, based on minimal users input, downloads the required SDO/HMI vector magnetic field data, performs potential or nonlinear force-free field extrapolations, populates the magnetic field skeleton with parameterized heated plasma coronal models that assume either steady-state or impulsive plasma heating, and generates non-LTE density and temperature distribution models of the chromosphere that are constrained by photospheric measurements. The standardized models produced by this pipeline may be further customized through specialized IDL scripts, or a set of interactive tools provided by the graphical user interface. Here, we describe the GX Simulator framework and its applications.
Effects of lithotomy and prone positions on hemodynamic parameters, respiratory mechanics, and arterial oxygenation in percutaneous nephrolithotomy performed under general anesthesia
Authors: Yucepur Serkan , Kepekci Ali Bestami , Erbin Akif , Ozenc Ecder 
Published: June 2023

Aim: The position of the body during surgery may affect the patient’s body functions, especially the hemodynamic parameters. We aimed to comparatively analyze the effects of lithotomy and prone position on respiratory mechanics, arterial oxygenation, and hemodynamic parameters in patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL).
Materials and methods: The study included 40 patients aged 16-63 years who underwent kidney stone surgery. The patients had no history of diabetes or cardiopulmonary disease and had an American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score of I–II. The pH, partial arterial oxygen pressure, partial arterial carbon dioxide pressure, HCO3, arterial oxygen saturation, end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), alveolar oxygen partial pressure, dead space volume/tidal volume ratio, P(A-a)O2, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), inspiratory plateau airway pressure (PPlt), systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate (HR) values were assessed simultaneously throughout the surgery and comparatively analyzed both for lithotomy and prone positions.
Results: There was a significant difference between lithotomy and prone positions with regard to pH and HCO3 values, which are among the arterial blood gas parameters measured at 20 minutes (p&lt;0.05 and p&lt;0.001, respectively). There was a significant difference between lithotomy and prone positions with regard to EtCO2,PIP, PPlt, and HR measured at 20 minutes (p&lt;0.05, p&lt;0.001, p&lt;0.001, and p&lt;0.05, respectively).
Conclusions: The prone position decreased dynamic and static compliance and increased the PIP and PPlt values in patients undergoing PNL. However, these changes do not have a negative effect on the hemodynamic parameters in low-risk patients.
All-on-Four Case Rehabilitated with Fully Digitally Fabricated Prosthesis Milled from Graphene-Reinforced Poly Methyl Methacrylate Puck Using Indigenously Developed Intraoral and Extraoral Scanning Methods
Authors: Maddikunta Anil Goud , Vaish Siddharth 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Digital dentistry is disruptive to conventional methods for performing prosthetic rehabilitation. Fabrication of prosthesis for all-on-four implants involves multiple steps when done conventionally and is prone to error. The use of digital technologies such as intraoral scanners (IOS) and extraoral scanners can marginalize these errors and also reduce the chairside time. This clinical report outlined a method which used a conjunction of extraoral and IOS to collect data for implant position, soft tissue profile, and vertical and centric relations. These data were then combined and used to fabricate a hybrid denture for the patient. The hybrid denture was milled from graphene-reinforced poly methyl methacrylate puck which provided the advantages of monobloc prosthesis and the material advantages of graphene. The entire prosthetic rehabilitation was completed within three appointments.
The Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effect of Amoxicillin and Mangifera indica L. Leaves Extract on Oral Pathogens
Authors: Soesanto Sheila , Hepziba Evangelista Rachel , Yasnill  , Widyarman Armelia Sari 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of amoxicillin combined with extract of Mangifera indica L. leaves against Staphylococcus aureus and Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Materials and Methods:
This was an experimental laboratory in vitro study with a posttest-only control group design. An antibacterial test using the plate count method and an antibiofilm test using the microtiter plate biofilm assay method were conducted. The research samples comprised extract of M. indica L. leaves with a concentration of 100%; amoxicillin and extract concentrations of 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%; and amoxicillin. Dimethyl sulfoxide served as a negative control and co-amoxiclav served as a positive control.

Results:
The combination of amoxicillin and the extract exhibited an antibacterial effect against S. aureus at a concentration of 12.5% and higher and more effective than co-amoxiclac P. gingivalis at a concentration of 3.125% and higher. In the antibiofilm test, the combination of amoxicillin and the extract at a concentration of 25% after 1 h of incubation and a concentration of 6.25% after 3 h of incubation inhibited S. aureus. The inhibition of S. aureus biofilms at a concentration of 100% after 24 h of incubation was as effective as that of co-amoxiclav. The extract at a concentration of 25% over the entire incubation period showed more potent inhibition against the P. gingivalis biofilm than co-amoxiclav.

Conclusions:
The ethanolic extract of M. indica L. leaves and the combination of amoxicillin and the extract have the potential to inhibit the growth and formation of S. aureus and P. gingivalis biofilms.
Association of Serum Interleukin-10 Level with Glycemic Status to Predict Glycemic Alteration with Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Study
Authors: Ikbal S. K. Aziz , Gupta Sanjay , Tiwari Vandana , Dhinsa Gurpreet , Verma Neelu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background and Aim:
Studies showed bidirectional relationship between chronic periodontitis (CPD) and diabetes. This study was conducted to estimate the levels of serum interleukin (IL)-10 in patients with CPD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to evaluate the association of serum IL-10 levels with glycemic status and to evaluate the influence of periodontal inflammation on glycemic control.

Setting and Design:
A cross-sectional observational study.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty patients were divided into four groups consisting of 20 patients in each group. Group 1: healthy control, Group 2: T2DM without chronic periodontitis, Group 3: chronic periodontitis only (CPD), and Group 4: T2DM with chronic periodontitis (CPD). Plaque index, gingival index, pocket probing depth, clinical attachment loss, random blood sugar, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level were recorded for categorizing patients into aforestated groups. Serum IL-10 level was measured by ELISA kit.

Statistical Analysis Used:
ANOVA statistics and post hoc Tukey’s test were performed for comparing individual groups.

Results:
IL-10 was detected lowest in Group 3 followed by Group 4. Highest level of IL-10 was found in the healthy group then in Group 2.

Conclusion:
IL-10 levels have an inverse relationship with HbA1c. Lowest level of IL-10 in CPD dictates periodontal inflammation itself influences in regulating serum IL-10 level and poor glycemic control. Serum IL-10 level may be one of the predictors of glycemia.
Virtualising Africa’s Arts, Securing the Future Engendering Africa’s Popular Songs on TikTok’s Enchanted Space
Authors: Mutie Stephen 
Published: June 2023

This paper, locating itself within the locus of Southern Perspectives, examines how TikTok, rehabilitating the local memories imbued in the African popular song genre, re-situates African popular knowledge at the centre of dialogues around the human question. The paper used a lit-crit methodology to show how African female content creators, by creatively archiving and curating Black voices into what was the realm of Northern thought, have used TikTok’s space to dissolve epistemological and ontological boundaries. This paper posits that TikTok is the new canvas for espousing indigenous knowledge within popular literary meditations in Africa and provides a veritable space that has placed contemporary African art forms at the centre of transformative possibilities. The paper concludes that African music on TikTok is an epistemological tool that communicates context and community- specific knowledges.
Monkeypox related knowledge, attitudes and practices among students in a tertiary institution in southwest, Nigeria: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Oyebade A.O. , Oshineye A.O. , Olarinmoye A.T. , Kayode O.O. , Akinpelu A.A. , Oladosu M. 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Monkeypox caused by monkeypox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus in the family Poxviridae is usually a self-limited disease, however severe cases can occur with case fatality ratio of 3–6% being reported in recent times. This study is aimed at assessing monkeypox related knowledge, attitudes and practices among students in a tertiary institution in Southwest, Nigeria.
Methodology: The study utilized a cross-sectional design and semi-structured questionnaire to collect data from 278 respondents from August to October 2022.
Results: In this study, only 37.8% of respondents had good monkeypox related knowledge, 87.8% had good monkeypox related attitude while 96% had good monkeypox related practices. There was association between good monkeypox related knowledge and university education level (p=0.002) with 100 Level student having better knowledge. There was also association between good monkeypox related attitude and sex (p=0.012) with female respondents having better attitudes and there was association between monkeypox related practices and age (p=0.028) with respondents between the ages of 18-22 years having better practices. However, there was no association between monkeypox related knowledge, attitudes and practices and marital status, ethnicity and religion.
Conclusion: Our findings revealed the crucial need for public health education on monkeypox infection to improve knowledge in order to prevent and protect students from monkeypox infection. Good monkeypox related attitudes and practices should be maintained and improved through measures for reduction of exposure to the virus and prompt detection and response.
DEEP IMPACT. WAS THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF ALANIA JUST A SURFACE PHENOMENON?
Authors: ОНЬИБЕНЕ П. 
Published: June 2023

Христианизация Алании является вторым из трех обращений к христианству, произошедших в Европе к концу I тысячелетия. Процесс долгое время считался незавершенным, поскольку уже в XIII веке Федор, эпископ Алании, считал, что аланы являются христианами только по имени. Однако такое видение является очень поверхностным и неточным: несомненно, что за столетия, последовавшие за обращением, в стране была достигнута форма религиозного синкретизма, поскольку предхристианская религия и христианство существовали параллельно, но христианское учение проникло настолько глубоко, что повлияло на имена Уасиллы и Уастырджи, которые, сохраняя все черты предхристианских фигур, носят имена христианских святых. Взаимодействие, или если хотите, воздействие, оказалось гораздо значительнее, чем можно было бы ожидать, и, вероятно, только политическая фрагментация помешала завершиться начатому процессу. В данной работе указан ряд случаев, в которых термины, связанные с христианством, замещали имена существовавших ранее языческих фигур и накладывались на названия традиционных осетинских календарных праздников.
The Christianization of Alania is the second of the three great conversions to Christianity that took place in Europe towards the end of the first millennium. The process has long been considered incomplete, since even Theodorus in the 13th century considered the Alans to be Christians in name only. However, this view is very partial and inaccurate: it is undeniable that in the centuries following the conversion, a form of religious syncretism was reached in the country because the pre-Christian religion and the Christian religion coexisted, but the Christian message penetrated deeply enough to affect the names of Wacilla and Wastyrǵi, who, while retaining all the features of pre-Christian figures, bear the names of Christian saints. The interaction or, if preferred, the impact was therefore much more extensive than one might imagine, and probably only political fragmentation prevented the process from being completed. In this paper, part of the cases in which the terms related to Christianity overlapped in the name of pre-existing pagan figures and in the system of traditional Ossetian calendar festivals are indicated
Thermodynamics and kinetics studies of Phenol adsorption on to Anchote peel activated carbon adsorbent
Authors: Shifera Leta 
Published: June 2023

Thermodynamic and kinetics (pseudo first, pseudo second) of phenol adsorption were investigated. Anchote peel (coconia Abysinica peel) was carbonized and activated by treating with KOH solution followed by heating in an electrical furnace at 800 for 2 hrs. Kinetic studies of the data showed that the adsorption follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters showed that adsorption on the surface of APAC was feasible, spontaneous in nature, and exothermic. The equilibrium data better fitted the Freundlich isotherm model. Maximum adsorption efficiencies of Phenol were 97% at optimum pH 6 and optimum contact time 210 min., adsorbent dose 0.25 g and initial conc. 0.025 mg/l respectively. Maximum adsorption capacity of APAC was observed to 43.75 mg/g of Phenol at 25 and 5 mg/L.
Key words: