bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deterioration mechanism of mechanical properties of phosphorite under different saturation duration
Authors: Li Shujian , Wang Chongyang , Zhang Dongming , Wang Menglai , Zhou Fan , Pan Yisha 
Published: July 2023

In order to explore the deterioration mechanism of mechanical properties of phosphate rock under different saturation time, the degradation mechanism of phosphoric rock samples under different saturation duration was analyzed by laboratory test, theoretical analysis and neural network modeling, and the results is as follows: saturation of water will result in deterioration of mechanical properties of samples. The peak compressive strength and peak strain of the samples decreased gradually with the increase of saturation time. The average peak strength of 12, 24, and 36 h saturated specimens is 8.6%, 21.1%, and 32.2% lower than that of natural specimens, and the peak strain is 5.9%, 13.9%, and 31.3% lower, respectively. The stress-strain curves of the samples with water saturation for 36 h have more jitter stages after the peak, indicating that the plastic characteristics of the samples will be increased with water saturation for a long time. The neural network method was used to analyze the test parameters and the mechanical parameters of the samples, and the mechanical properties under the action of saturated water and confining pressure were obtained. The neural network model was established to represent the mechanical properties of the samples, and the average accuracy of the model was 0.89. The model can be used to predict and verify the mechanical properties of samples under other saturation and confining pressure conditions in the limited region. The research results can provide theoretical reference for the deterioration mechanism of confining pressure in water-rich roadway.
Open education practices: a meta-synthesis of literature
Authors: Shareefa Mariyam , Moosa Visal , Hammad Aaida , Zuhudha Aminath , Wider Walton 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionMost of the recent reviews of literature on open education practices (OEP) seem to be limited in their scope, inhibiting their capacity to arrive at a comprehensive understanding of the concept of OEP. Hence, this systematic literature review was conducted with the purpose of analysing past research on OEP in an effort to identify how OEP is theorised and defined in the existing literature.MethodsEmploying a systematic protocol, the literature search was conducted using the Dimensions database. A total of 30 publications were considered for the qualitative analysis, which engaged a thematic approach.ResultsThe findings indicated that the concept of OEP can be explained with a combination of three major components: open education resources, an open teaching and learning process, and open research and scholarly practice. The findings also showed that these components should be grounded in six principles: accessibility, flexibility, shareability, affordability, innovation, and academic freedom.DiscussionsThe findings imply that, in order to meaningfully execute open education practices, each of the three components must be given equal importance and that these practices be well grounded in the identified six principles.
Carbon stocks and footprints of smallholder cacao systems in Polewali Mandar, West Sulawesi
Authors: Miharza Try , Wijayanto Nurheni , Roshetko James M. , Siregar Iskandar Zulkarnaen 
Published: July 2023

Cacao (Theobroma cacao) is a commodity that plays an important role in supporting economic and social development. However, cacao production can also be a major contributor to carbon emissions, which has stimulated various efforts toward sustainable cacao farm management. There remains a gap in knowledge regarding the links between carbon stocks and carbon footprints, which can serve as indicators of environment “friendliness.” In this study, we investigated carbon stocks and carbon footprints in two cacao cultivation systems, agroforests and monocultural systems, and the biophysical aspects (biotic and abiotic factors) that might contribute to the variability of carbon levels. System inventories, soil samples, and farmer interviews identified the characteristics and management practices of two cacao production systems. Results show that cacao agroforests accumulated more carbon stocks than cacao monocultures, 134.4 Mg C ha−1 and 104.7 Mg C ha−1, respectively, while cacao monocultural systems had higher carbon footprints than cacao agroforests, 1914.4 kg CO2e ha−1 and 932.1 ± 251.6 kg CO2e ha−1, respectively. Canopy cover, tree density, and soil organic carbon were the biophysical aspects that showed a significantly positive correlation with carbon stock levels, while canopy cover had a significantly negative correlation with carbon footprint levels. These results suggest that cacao agroforests are more climate-friendly management systems due to their ability to maintain high carbon stock levels while producing low carbon footprints.
Cyto-IL-15 synergizes with the STING agonist ADU-S100 to eliminate prostate tumors and confer durable immunity in mouse models
Authors: Papaevangelou Efthymia , Esteves Ana M. , Dasgupta Prokar , Galustian Christine 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionProstate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies in men with high mortality rates. Despite the recent therapeutic advances, such as immunotherapies, survival of patients with advance disease remains significantly low. Blockade of immune checkpoints has led to low response rates in these patients probably due to the immunosuppressive microenvironment and low mutation burden of prostate tumors. Combination of multiple immunotherapeutic regimes has also been unsatisfactory due to augmented adverse effects. To activate multiple immune-stimulatory pathways in the hostile prostate cancer microenvironment, we used a combination of cytotopically modified interleukin-15 (cyto-IL-15) with the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist, ADU-S100.MethodsTo determine whether this combination regime could lead to both local and systemic anti-tumor effects, intratumoral administration of these agents was used in murine models of prostate cancer. Tumor growth and mouse survival were monitored, and ex vivo analyses, and RNA sequencing were performed on the tumors.ResultsIntratumorally injected ADU-S100 and cyto-IL-15 synergized to eliminate tumors in 58-67% of mice with unilateral tumors and promoted abscopal immunity in 50% of mice with bilateral tumors treated only at one side. Moreover, this combination regime offered immunoprotection against tumor rechallenge in 83% of cured mice. The efficacy of the combination treatment was associated with a strong innate and adaptive immune activation and induction of apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Cytokines, including type I and II interferons, and cytokine signalling pathways were activated, NK and T cell mediated cytotoxicity was increased, and B cells were activated both locally and systemically. While ADU-S100 led to an ulcerative pathology at the injection site, no other adverse effects were observed.DiscussionLocalised administration of a STING agonist together with cyto-IL-15 can confer significant systemic benefits and long-lasting immunity against prostate tumors while reducing immune related toxicities.
Immunologic and vascular biomarkers of mortality in critical COVID-19 in a South African cohort
Authors: Shaw Jane Alexandra , Meiring Maynard , Snyders Candice , Everson Frans , Sigwadhi Lovemore Nyasha , Ngah Veranyay , Tromp Gerard , Allwood Brian , Koegelenberg Coenraad F. N. , Irusen Elvis M. , Lalla Usha , Baines Nicola , Zemlin Annalise E. , Erasmus Rajiv T. , Chapanduka Zivanai C. , Matsha Tandi E. , Walzl Gerhard , Strijdom Hans , du Plessis Nelita , Zumla Alimuddin , Chegou Novel , Malherbe Stephanus T. , Nyasulu Peter S. 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionBiomarkers predicting mortality among critical Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients provide insight into the underlying pathophysiology of fatal disease and assist with triaging of cases in overburdened settings. However, data describing these biomarkers in Sub-Saharan African populations are sparse.MethodsWe collected serum samples and corresponding clinical data from 87 patients with critical COVID-19 on day 1 of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A second sample from the same patients was collected on day 7 of ICU admission. Patients were followed up until in-hospital death or hospital discharge. A custom-designed 52 biomarker panel was performed on the Luminex® platform. Data were analyzed for any association between biomarkers and mortality based on pre-determined functional groups, and individual analytes.ResultsOf 87 patients, 55 (63.2%) died and 32 (36.8%) survived. We found a dysregulated cytokine response in patients who died, with elevated levels of type-1 and type-2 cytokines, chemokines, and acute phase reactants, as well as reduced levels of regulatory T cell cytokines. Interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-18 were elevated in those who died, and levels reduced over time in those who survived. Procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein, Endothelin-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 were elevated in those who died.DiscussionThese results show the pattern of dysregulation in critical COVID-19 in a Sub-Saharan African cohort. They suggest that fatal COVID-19 involved excessive activation of cytotoxic cells and the NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich–containing family, pyrin domain–containing-3) inflammasome. Furthermore, superinfection and endothelial dysfunction with thrombosis might have contributed to mortality. HIV infection did not affect the outcome. A clinically relevant biosignature including PCT, pH and lymphocyte percentage on differential count, had an 84.8% sensitivity for mortality, and outperformed the Luminex-derived biosignature.
Origins of green turtle fishery bycatch in the central Pacific revealed by mixed genetic markers
Authors: Horne John B. , Roden Suzanne E. , LaCasella Erin L. , Frey Amy , Martin Summer L. , Jones T. Todd , Murakawa Shawn , Brunson Shandell , Balazs George H. , Dutton Peter H. 
Published: July 2023

Longline fishing vessels, such as those that target tuna or billfish, also unintentionally catch endangered marine turtle species on the high seas. The stock composition of this bycatch is often unknown but potentially complex, with individuals coming from many possible origins on an ocean-basin scale. To better understand the stock composition of green turtle (Chelonia mydas) bycatch we obtained 46 turtles, 27-91 cm in curved carapace length, caught by Hawaii- and American Samoa-based pelagic longline fishing vessels across large areas of the North- and South-central Pacific. We genotyped these at nine microsatellite loci and one mitochondrial DNA marker, and used a baseline of 1,043 nesting female green turtles from beaches across the Pacific for population assignment and mixed-stock analysis. By analyzing both marker types jointly we were able to increase power and genetically resolve ten baseline stocks of nesting females with mean self-assignment and simulated accuracies of 75-97%. Above the Equator, green turtle bycatch was composed mostly of individuals from Hawaiian and Eastern Pacific stocks, with a small number from the Western Pacific. Below the Equator, the most common stocks in the bycatch were from Australia and the Coral Sea, American Samoa and French Polynesia, and the Galápagos Islands. Overall, turtles originating from East, West, and Central Pacific breeding populations were major components of the bycatch, suggesting that the geographic ranges of these populations overlap across large tracts of ocean during the pelagic life history stages.
Effect of flow rate and CNM concentration in nanofluid on the performance of convective heat transfer coefficient
Authors: Anggono Agus Dwi , Riswanto Danur , Ismoen Muhaimin , Masyrukan  , Hariyanto Agus , Sedyono Joko 
Published: July 2023

The aim of this study is to investigate the thermal performance of water-based Carbon Nano Material (CNM) nanofluids, particularly in the convective heat transfer coefficient (h) parameter, and to analyze the effects of nanoparticle concentration and flow rate on an experimental heat transfer system. To achieve this, the researchers prepared the nanofluid through a 2-step method. In the first step, we mixed the nanoparticles with the base fluid using a magnetic stirrer to ensure homogenization, with the CNM-Water ratio set at 30, 75, 120, and 150 ppm. In the second step, we characterized the prepared samples, determining their size, composition, and particle morphology through PSA and SEM-EDX examination, as well as measuring their density (ρ) and specific heat (Cp). The experiments were carried out using a flow rate simulation test rig with a data acquisition system, at different flow rates of 0.2, 0.6, 1, and 1.4 L/min. Temperature (T) was measured at the inlet, outlet, and heater to determine the convective heat transfer coefficient value. The study successfully investigated the direct impact of CNM concentration and flow rate, with the results showing a consistent and expected value of the coefficient compared to previous studies. The highest coefficient value was observed at 150 ppm CNM-Water ratio and a flow rate of 1.4 L/min, with a value of 1825.37 W/(m2.K).
Artificial intelligence can accurately distinguish IgA nephropathy from diabetic nephropathy under Masson staining and becomes an important assistant for renal pathologists
Authors: Fan Zhenliang , Yang Qiaorui , Xia Hong , Zhang Peipei , Sun Ke , Yang Mengfan , Yin Riping , Zhao Dongxue , Ma Hongzhen , Shen Yiwei , Fan Junfen 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionHyperplasia of the mesangial area is common in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and diabetic nephropathy (DN), and it is often difficult to distinguish them by light microscopy alone, especially in the absence of clinical data. At present, artificial intelligence (AI) is widely used in pathological diagnosis, but mainly in tumor pathology. The application of AI in renal pathological is still in its infancy.MethodsPatients diagnosed as IgAN or DN by renal biopsy in First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University from September 1, 2020 to April 30, 2022 were selected as the training set, and patients who diagnosed from May 1, 2022 to June 30, 2022 were selected as the test set. We focused on the glomerulus and captured the field of the glomerulus in Masson staining WSI at 200x magnification, all in 1,000 × 1,000 pixels JPEG format. We augmented the data from training set through minor affine transformation, and then randomly split the training set into training and adjustment data according to 8:2. The training data and the Yolov5 6.1 algorithm were used to train the AI model with constant adjustment of parameters according to the adjusted data. Finally, we obtained the optimal model, tested this model with test set and compared it with renal pathologists.ResultsAI can accurately detect the glomeruli. The overall accuracy of AI glomerulus detection was 98.67% and the omission rate was only 1.30%. No Intact glomerulus was missed. The overall accuracy of AI reached 73.24%, among which the accuracy of IgAN reached 77.27% and DN reached 69.59%. The AUC of IgAN was 0.733 and that of DN was 0.627. In addition, compared with renal pathologists, AI can distinguish IgAN from DN more quickly and accurately, and has higher consistency.DiscussionWe constructed an AI model based on Masson staining images of renal tissue to distinguish IgAN from DN. This model has also been successfully deployed in the work of renal pathologists to assist them in their daily diagnosis and teaching work.
Delayed MSC therapy enhances resolution of organized pneumonia induced by antibiotic resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection
Authors: Byrnes Declan , Masterson Claire , Brady Jack , Horie Shahd , McCarthy Sean D. , Gonzalez Hector , O’Toole Daniel , Laffey John 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionMesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are a promising therapeutic for pneumonia-induced sepsis. Here we sought to determine the efficacy of delayed administration of naïve and activated bone marrow (BM), adipose (AD), and umbilical cord (UC) derived MSCs in organized antibiotic resistant Klebsiella pneumosepsis.MethodsHuman BM-, AD-, and UC-MSCs were isolated and expanded and used either in the naïve state or following cytokine pre-activation. The effect of MSC tissue source and activation status was assessed first in vitro. Subsequent experiments assessed therapeutic potential as a delayed therapy at 48 h post infection of rodents with Klebsiella pneumoniae, with efficacy assessed at 120 h.ResultsBM-, AD-, and UC-MSCs accelerated epithelial healing, increased phagocytosis, and reduced ROS-induced epithelial injury in vitro, with AD-MSCs less effective, and naïve MSCs more effective than pre-activated MSCs. Delayed MSC administration in pre-clinical organized Klebsiella pneumosepsis had no effect on physiologic indices, but enhanced resolution of structural lung injury. Delayed therapy with pre-activated MSCs reduced mRNA concentrations of fibrotic factors. Naïve MSC treatment reduced key circulating cell proportions and increased bacterial killing capacity in the lungs whereas pre-activated MSCs enhanced the phagocytic index of pulmonary white cells.DiscussionDelayed MSC therapy enhanced resolution of lung injury induced by antibiotic resistant Klebsiella infection and favorably modulated immune cell profile. Overall, AD-MSCs were less effective than either UC- or BM-MSCs, while naïve MSCs had a more favorable effect profile compared to pre-activated MSCs.
The identification of hub-methylated differentially expressed genes in osteoarthritis patients is based on epigenomic and transcriptomic data
Authors: Chu Zhen-Chen , Cong Ting , Zhao Jian-Yu , Zhang Jian , Lou Zhi-Yuan , Gao Yang , Tang Xin 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionOsteoarthritis (OA) refers to a commonly seen degenerative joint disorder and a major global public health burden. According to the existing literature, osteoarthritis is related to epigenetic changes, which are important for diagnosing and treating the disease early. Through early targeted treatment, costly treatments and poor prognosis caused by advanced osteoarthritis can be avoided.MethodsThis study combined gene differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of the transcriptome with epigenome microarray data to discover the hub gene of OA. We obtained 2 microarray datasets (GSE114007, GSE73626) in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The R software was utilized for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated genes (DMGs). By using WGCNA to analyze the relationships between modules and phenotypes, it was discovered that the blue module (MEBlue) has the strongest phenotypic connection with OA (cor = 0.92, p = 4e-16). The hub genes for OA, also known as the hub methylated differentially expressed genes, were identified by matching the MEblue module to differentially methylated differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, this study used Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) to identify specific signal pathways associated with hub genes. qRT-PCR and western blotting assays were used to confirm the expression levels of the hub genes in OA patients and healthy controls.ResultsThree hub genes were discovered: HTRA1, P2RY6, and RCAN1. GSVA analysis showed that high HTRA1 expression was mainly enriched in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and apical junction; high expression of P2RY6 was mainly enriched in the peroxisome, coagulation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition; and high expression of RCAN1 was mainly enriched in epithelial-mesenchymal-transition, TGF-β-signaling, and glycolysis. The results of the RT-qPCR and WB assay were consistent with the findings.DiscussionThe three genes tested may cause articular cartilage degeneration by inducing chondrocyte hypertrophy, regulating extracellular matrix accumulation, and improving macrophage pro-inflammatory response, resulting in the onset and progression of osteoarthritis. They can provide new ideas for targeted treatment of osteoarthritis.
Psychometric properties of the translated Spanish version of the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire
Authors: Perez-Dominguez Borja , Perpiña-Martinez Sara , Escobio-Prieto Isabel , de la Fuente-Costa Marta , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Alvaro Manuel , Blanco-Diaz Maria 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionSome patients with rotator cuff injuries do not report significant changes in pain-related outcomes. Pain self-efficacy, which is commonly assessed using the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, may contribute toward this outcome. However, a Spanish adaptation of this questionnaire is currently lacking. Therefore, this study’s purpose was developing the Spanish version of this questionnaire, and assess its psychometric properties.MethodsThe Spanish version of the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire was translated and culturally adapted, and a sample of 107 patients with rotator cuff injuries completed the questionnaire to examine its convergent validity (analyzing its correlation with the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia), its test–retest reliability, for which a subset of 40 participants completed again the questionnaire, and its internal consistency.ResultsTranslation was conducted without any problems, and 107 participants completed the study. Mean scores for the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire were 45.2 points (standard deviation, 11.4). The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire showed a moderate negative correlation with the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (Pearson’s correlation index r = −0.48) supporting its convergent validity. High test–retest reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient of 0.90) and excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α value of 0.92) were also found.DiscussionThe Spanish version of the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire presents high validity, test–retest reliability, and internal consistency to assess pain self-efficacy in patients suffering rotator cuff injuries in Spanish-speaking settings.
YOLOv7-CSAW for maritime target detection
Authors: Zhu Qiang , Ma Ke , Wang Zhong , Shi Peibei 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionThe issue of low detection rates and high false negative rates in maritime search and rescue operations has been a critical problem in current target detection algorithms. This is mainly due to the complex maritime environment and the small size of most targets. These challenges affect the algorithms' robustness and generalization.MethodsWe proposed YOLOv7-CSAW, an improved maritime search and rescue target detection algorithm based on YOLOv7. We used the K-means++ algorithm for the optimal size determination of prior anchor boxes, ensuring an accurate match with actual objects. The C2f module was incorporated for a lightweight model capable of obtaining richer gradient flow information. The model's perception of small target features was increased with the non-parameter simple attention module (SimAM). We further upgraded the feature fusion network to an adaptive feature fusion network (ASFF) to address the lack of high-level semantic features in small targets. Lastly, we implemented the wise intersection over union (WIoU) loss function to tackle large positioning errors and missed detections.ResultsOur algorithm was extensively tested on a maritime search and rescue dataset with YOLOv7 as the baseline model. We observed a significant improvement in the detection performance compared to traditional deep learning algorithms, with a mean average precision (mAP) improvement of 10.73% over the baseline model.DiscussionYOLOv7-CSAW significantly enhances the accuracy and robustness of small target detection in complex scenes. This algorithm effectively addresses the common issues experienced in maritime search and rescue operations, specifically improving the detection rates and reducing false negatives, proving to be a superior alternative to current target detection algorithms.