bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Best Washing Method for Oligoasthenospermic Patients by Evaluating DNA Integrity by using Comet Assay Study
Authors: Ganesan Balachandran Sivaraja , Govindarajan Sumathy 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Sperm is more than just a mere transporter of paternal genetic information, although serving purposes other than conception. DNA integrity (DI) is regarded as a crucial aspect of semen quality and has great significance in predicting male fertility. Washing sperm is a form of preparation of sperm which is essential before processing intra-uterine-insemination since it removes chemicals from semen that might cause adversarial reactions in the uterus. During the process of washing, sperm gets separated from seminal fluid, which gradually improves the fertilizing capability of sperm, and numerous existing methods have faced complications with the determination of effective integrity in washing methods. The objective of the present study was to find the DI of the sperms through three washing methods that, include the density gradient (DG) method, swim up (SU) method, and magnetically activated cell sorting (MACS) method after the cryo-preservation (CP) for 3 months.

Methodology:
Semen samples were obtained from 40 oligoasthenospermic patients with progressive motility <32%, who underwent assisted reproductive technology procedure in Sumathi fertility center in Madurai between October 2021 and December 2021. Sperm washing is performed through three different mentioned techniques. The grades of the comet reflected five different classes from class 0 to class 4. These data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test, and multiple comparisons were performed between these groups using Tukey’s test.

Results:
The results showed a high level of normal sperm (68%) in the DG method than the SU (47%) and MACS (42%) sperm preparation techniques that specified by significant elevation (P < 0.001) of class 0 comet tails.

Conclusion:
It was observed that the DG method has the best and success rates for intracytoplasmic sperm injection and in vitro fertilization was relatively high.
Comparison of the outcome of diathermy versus scalpel skin incision in surgical cases
Authors: Khan Nida , Gupta Shalabh , Bhagat Tripta S. 
Published: June 2023

Aim and Objectives:
The present study compared the outcome of diathermy versus scalpel skin incision in surgical cases.

Materials and Method:
The present Prospective interventional study was done at Santosh Medical College & Hospital for a period of 1.5 years. Group A included 100 patients treated with Scalpel and Group B included 100 patients treated with Diathermy.

Results:
The mean Incision time (s), Incision time (s/cm2) and Pain VRS score at day 1 and 2 was significantly more among Scalpel group compared to Diathermy group. The mean Blood loss in incision (ml) was significantly more among Diathermy group compared to Scalpel group.

Conclusion:
Due to shorter incision times, less blood loss, and less early postoperative discomfort, diathermy incisions have substantial benefits over scalpels in both elective and emergency general surgery.
Decoding stillbirths using relevant condition at death classification in a tertiary care hospital in North India
Authors: Agarwal Veenu , Agarwal Neelima 
Published: June 2023

Objectives:
The objective of the study is to know the stillbirth rate and causes of stillbirth using relevant condition at death (ReCoDe) classification.

Methods:
A hospital-based retrospective study. The medical records of women with stillbirth between January 1, 2022, and March 31, 2023, were retrieved and analyzed for the cause of stillbirth using ReCoDe classification. The study was approved by institutional ethics committee.

Results:
There were a total of 4520 deliveries during the study and of these 78 were stillbirths, a rate of 17.2/1000 births. Maternal factors such as Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), preeclampsia and eclampsia, and undiagnosed congenital anomalies were significantly more common in un-booked mothers in the study subjects. Using ReCoDe classification the cause could be assigned to 88% of stillbirths. The most common maternal causes were PIH and antepartum hemorrhage while the most common fetal causes were severe growth retardation and lethal congenital anomalies. Medical conditions associated with stillbirths were found in 41.2% (32) mothers.

Conclusion:
ReCoDe classification is a useful, easy-to-use tool and can assign a cause to majority of stillbirths.
Post-COVID-19 impacts on male sexual and reproductive functions
Authors: Bansal Arjit , Saran Brijesh , Bhagat Tripta S. , Batra Jyoti , Dhandayuthapani Sivanesan 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Assessment of the male sexual and reproductive health status with and without severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2infected COVID19 disease could create awareness about the lateral impact of those patients recovered from COVID19 infection.
Aim and Objectives: Therefore, the main focus of the current study was to determine the postCOVID19 infection on male sexual and reproductive functions.

Materials and Methods:
A crosssectional study by involving two groups of the study individuals namely: Group 1: age and sexmatched normal healthy control human individuals. Group 2: postCOVIDtreated patients, at least 912 months after treatment success. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), a questionnaire developed by Rosen et al. to question on sexual functions has been used in the present study.

Results:
Based on analysis of the 15point International Index of Erectile Function analysis, it was found that overall there was a statistically significant difference in (P < 0.05) in sexual behaviors in both the groups. It was also found that marital status, place of living, and vaccination status are statistically significant associated with sexual behaviors, whereas occupation, religion, and education are statistically insignificant.

Conclusion:
The current study showed significant differences after the COVID19 infection and treatment in male fertility from a single tertiary care hospitalbased study in Western Uttar Pradesh. However, involving a large population from different parts of the country could pave the way to show what needs to be done by the scientific and clinical community to tackle our limited understanding of the disease. Keywords: Erectile dysfunction, International Index of Erectile Function, male sexual and reproductive functions, postCOVID19.
Factors associated with bronchial asthma
Authors: Das Pooja , Mahendran C. S. , Chandra Eshutosh , Dhandayuthapani Sivanesan , Bhardwaj Vidushi 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
The current study is to get a glimpse of various confounders in bronchial asthma in order to achieve better remission and symptom control rates.

Materials and Methods:
Patients presenting to the pulmonary medicine department between September 2021 and August 2022 and eventually diagnosed with bronchial asthma by the consultant, based on the detailed clinical evaluation and investigations, were taken up for this study. Demographics, PFT, details of current asthma treatment, presence of any co-morbidities and AQI on the day of evaluation were documented. The above data were collected in an Excel form and statistically evaluated.

Results:
Various parameters associated with bronchial asthma were evaluated in our study population.

Conclusion:
This pilot study highlights factors impacting bronchial asthma diagnosis and management. It emphasizes the importance of thorough assessment, adherence to treatment guidelines, addressing comorbidities, and patient education. Further research is needed to validate findings and develop effective management strategies.
A comparative study on the efficacy of pranayama and dietary restriction on altered body mass index and thyroid-stimulating hormone in middle-aged women with subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Subramani Saravanakumaran , Prabhakaran Rajkumar , Dutta Shaktibala , Batra Jyoti , Bhagat Tripta S. , Dhandayuthapani Sivanesan 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Among the various thyroidrelated diseases hypothyroidism, is one of the prevalent thyroid disorders, which is more common in women than in men. The prevalence among the general population ranges between 0.2% and 5.3% in Europe and 0.3% and 3.7% in the USA.

Aim and Objectives:
Therefore, the current study was designed and carried out to determine the efficacy of yoga on the treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism with reference to lipid profiles of women suffering from hypothyroidism.

Materials and Methods:
The recruited subjects were randomly assigned into three groups namely: Group 1: Control group (15 patients) did not instruct to follow any intervention; Group 2: Patients were trained and instructed to follow the yogic practice 60 min a day, 6 days/week for 8 weeks; and Group 3: Patients were instructed to follow the dietary restriction for the same 8week period. Body mass index (BMI) of the study subjects and the blood thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) levels were assessed before and after the intervention periods.

Results:
The results observed in the current study; it can be concluded that our study findings are in line with the theme that a decrease in the levels of TSH, along BMI with are showing the evidence of decreased severity of hypothyroidism in patients under the interventions with more specific to the yogic intervention than the dietary intervention.

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that our study findings are in line with the theme that decrease in the BMI along with the levels of TSH are showing the evidence of decreased severity of hypothyroidism in patients under the interventions with more specific to the yogic intervention than the dietary intervention.
Clinical features of macular telangiectasia type 2 and comparison of staging system in Taiwanese patients
Authors: Chen Yan-Yu , Chen Yi-Ling , Wu Jian-Sheng , Chen San-Ni 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study is to report the clinical characteristics of macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel 2) in Taiwan.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with MacTel 2 over a 7-year period in Changhua Christian Hospital. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography (OCTA) images were reviewed. Differences in BCVA and central macular thickness (CMT) were compared between the initial/baseline and final visits. The staging was performed according to the Gass and Blodi classification and OCTA.

RESULTS:
There were 38 eyes in 19 patients were collected (Male: Female = 5:14). The mean age at diagnosis was 65.90 ± 8.26 years and the follow-up duration was 39.26 ± 28.31 months. All patients had both eyes affected, and eight of the 19 patients had a history of diabetes mellitus (DM). The mean initial logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) BCVA was 0.40 ± 0.31 and the mean final logMAR BCVA was 0.61 ± 0.53. Difference of BCVA equal or more than two lines between both eyes was noted in 63.1% (12 of 19) of patients at the initial visit and in 78.9% (15 of 19) of patients at the final follow-up. The mean CMT was 224.42 ± 38.50 μm at baseline and 222.05 ± 40.27 μm at the final visit. OCT illustrated macular hole in three eyes of three patients. At the final follow-up, retinal-choroidal anastomosis was noted in 17 eyes. Subretinal neovascularization (SRNV) was not present in any eye.

CONCLUSION:
Bilateral involvement, asymmetrical BCVA in both eyes, low incidence of SRNV, and high prevalence of DM were characteristics of patients of MacTel 2 in Taiwan.
A Review of OB/GYN, Internal Medicine, Family Medicine, and Pediatrics Residency Program Websites for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Elements
Authors: Mallicoat Benjamin C. , Herstine Blake A. S. , Kelly Elizabeth M. , Koechley Hannah E. , DeSouza Julie A. , Anas Sydney A. , Maxwell Rose A. , Reisinger-Kindle Keith M. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Residency program websites have become a central source of information for applicants due to a shift toward virtual interviewing. Applicants, particularly those from diverse backgrounds, place strong value on programs that present commitments to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). The DEI content of residency program websites for primary care specialties has been largely unexplored.

Objective
The objective of this study is to review, in an exploratory manner, family medicine, internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, and pediatrics residency program websites for number of DEI elements present. By identifying lacking DEI content, we hope to give residency programs that are seeking to increase diversity among applicants some direction for improving their websites.

Methods
We reviewed all available residency program websites (1814) in the Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (FREIDA) from August to December 2021. Each website was evaluated for the presence of 10 DEI elements chosen from previously published website reviews and informal applicant surveys. Some elements included the presence of resident and faculty photos/biographies, patient population descriptions, and dedicated DEI curricula. Program demographic information was collected, and summative statistics were performed.

Results
The average number of DEI elements displayed per program ranged from 3.5 (internal medicine) to 4.9 (pediatrics). The most common elements were resident and faculty photographs/biographies. Internal medicine programs displayed significantly fewer elements than the other 3 specialties. This difference remained significant after controlling for program size, location, and type.

Conclusions
This study highlights a lack of DEI elements available for residency program website visitors to review.
Clinical implications of incidental medical and laboratory findings in preoperative valvular heart disease patients – A South Eastern Nigerian experience
Authors: Njoku P.O. , Meka I.A. , Mbadiwe N.C. , Onwubere B.J.C. , Ejim E.C. , Anisiuba B.C. , Okwor C.J. , Udora N. , Onyebueze J. , Onyema C. 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Valvular heart diseases with their varying aetiologies are becoming common in developing countries. Certain biochemical abnormalities exist in this group of patients which may contribute to adverse outcomes. It is imperative for clinicians to promptly and adequately identify these abnormalities where and when they occur for optimal patient outcomes. The study aimed to describe the incidental medical and laboratory abnormalities seen in valvular heart disease patients presenting for open heart surgery.
Methodology: This was a retrospective hospital-based study. Relevant data were extracted from patients’ folders, cleaned and analyzed. The study was carried out at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. The study involved adult patients evaluated for heart surgery. The outcome measure was the proportion of participants with deranged biochemical parameters.
Results: A total of 51 patients with a mean (SD) age of 42.84 (15.0) years and an M: F ratio of 1:1.4 were involved in the study. Mitral valve regurgitation = 22 (43.14%) was found to be the commonest disorder among surveyed participants. The commonest electrolyte abnormalities were hyponatraemia 14 (27.45%) and hypokalaemia 6 (11.76%) respectively. A total of 8 (15.69%) and 9 (17.65%) patients had elevated creatinine and urea levels respectively, while 3 (5.88%) of the participants had their blood glucose levels in the diabetic range.
Conclusion: Hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia were the commonest electrolyte abnormalities. Hyperglycaemia, elevated urea and creatinine as well as deranged eGFR were other abnormal findings.
Bacteriological and physico-chemical characteristics of the bathing waters of Agroville Town: A case of Agnéby River and Moutcho River
Authors: Wolfgang Yapo Toussaint , Franck-Renaud Meless Djedjro , George Gbagbo Tchapé Aubin , Philippe Kpaibe Sawa André , Thérèse Kouassi Agbessi , Amin Christophe Ncho 
Published: June 2023

Background : The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) aim to improve the health and well-being of the population, as well as the expansion of universal access to drinking water and sanitation by 2030. It is in this perspective that this study aimed to characterize the bathing waters of the rivers of Moutcho and those of Agneby in Agboville town.
Materials and Methods:The methodology consisted of conducting eight water sampling campaigns during the twelve consecutive months from December 2017 to November 2018. On these samples, the classical physicochemical parameters were determined by electrochemical, and colourimetric methods and microbiological analysis was carried out by the membrane filtration technique.
Results: The results showed a low level of chemical mineralization in these waters. River water was distinguished from the other by higher levels of turbidity, colour, sulphate, phosphate, sulphur, and phosphorus and low levels of conductivity, temperature, sodium, and magnesium. Microbiologically, the water of the Agnéby River was of 100% satisfactory quality as per the Ivorian standards. However, it was not in compliance with other international standards (Algerian, Canadian, American, WHO and European). The Moutcho River was more polluted than the Agnéby River and the water quality was inadequate for swimming.
Conclusion: The waters of the Moucho and Agneby rivers were unsuitable for bathing. Health surveillance must be carried out continuously in these waters to preserve the health of the community.
Water, Sanitation and Hygienic (WASH) risk factors that promote cholera outbreaks in Nairobi County
Authors: Bocha Manaseh A. , Gachohi John , Karanja Simon , Mwachari Christine 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND
Cholera is still a significant worldwide threat to global public health as it leads to about 100,000 deaths every year. It is a diarrheal water and foodborne disease with its person-to-person transmission resulting from limited sanitation access, poor hygiene, and inadequate water supply, which often leads to outbreaks. This study sought to examine Water, Sanitation and Hygienic (WASH) risk factors that promote cholera outbreaks in Nairobi County
METHODOLOGY
A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used in this study. The target population included 2,154,726 residents of Nairobi County aged 18 years and above. Slovin's Formula was used in the study to estimate the sample size. The study adopted stratified random sampling in the selection of 399 respondents from the target population. Primary datasets were collected using questionnaires and key informant interviews. The data from the questionnaires were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics such as percentages and frequencies were used to study the trends and WASH factors related to cholera outbreaks. Inferential statistics included Chi-square (X2), which was used to analyze the relationship between variables.
RESULTS
The study established that the top five WASH challenges associated with the spread of Cholera disease included lack of enough water supply (76%); poor personal hygiene (54%); poor wastewater management (54%); poor community hygiene and sanitation (55%); and poorly maintained sewage facilities in the residential areas (44%). Communal water challenges included irregular supply of water (77%) and limited access to safe drinking water in most of the households (58%), lack of tap water in households (44%), unhygienic water vending facilities (57%) and supply of poorly treated water (38%).
CONCLUSION
The main risk factors related to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene practices (WASH) in areas reporting cholera outbreaks in Nairobi County were lack of adequate water supply, poor personal hygiene, poor wastewater management, poorly maintained sewage facilities, and poor culture of community hygiene and sanitation. Inadequate water supply, unregulated water vendors and water kiosks made water contamination likely.
Practices and Barriers of Water Use Efficiency in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Acinwu E. R. , Abenu A. , Kevin O. K. 
Published: June 2023

The fast rate of population growth and increased urbanisation has exacerbated the domestic water supply problem in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja; Nigeria. This study examines water use efficiency practices and the barriers inhibiting it among residents of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria using appropriated standard techniques. Data obtained shows that about 70% of respondents say they turn off the public tap whenever they see water dripping from them unattended, more than 50% admit to being agents advocating water use efficiency in their communities and more than 40% consider water-saving appliances when they make purchases of domestic appliances. The inhibitors to water- use efficiency in the study area, include a poor grasp of sustainability principles and cultural beliefs that promotes the idea of inexhaustible water resources; lifestyles that do not promote water use efficiency; and the inclination to only use water efficiently when it in short supply or when the price of water rises. Residents of the Federal Capital Territory should be made to understand their roles in efficient use of water and embrace sustainable water use.
Sustainable Inland Ports in Nigeria: An Opportunity for Growth of Nigerian Nation
Authors: Osuji J. N. , Agbakwuru J. 
Published: June 2023

This paper discusses the factors that militate against the growth and sustainability of the Nigerian Inland waterway ports from secondary data and inductive research perspective. The Nigerian nation has adequate coverage of major inland waters that are either navigable at present or potentially navigable if a waterway clearing and dredging is implemented. Generally speaking, Nigeria has enormous inland water potential that is capable of maximally reducing the pressure on other modes of transportation especially road, in the transportation of heavy equipment and bulk goods both solid and liquid. Sustainable Inland waterway ports and transportation are undoubtedly a panacea for job creation and promotion of commerce at local and riverine community levels through boat building, fabrication, and transport.
Synthesis of Flavonoids Derivatives using Polar and Non-Polar Extract of Red Onion Skin (Quercetin) with Cashew Nut Shell Liquid
Authors: Okoye O. , Onyewuchi A. , Uche C. 
Published: June 2023

Red Onion skin extract and Cashew nut shell liquid has been considered as one of the best antioxidant and anti-inflammatory precursors, as it contains various polyphenols and important flavonoids. In this research, flavonoid derivatives were successfully synthesized from polar and non-polar extract of red onion skin, non-polar extract of cashew nut shell liquid and a combination of the onion skin extracts and cashew nut shell liquid. In this process, crude red onion skin extract was obtained using potassium carbonate via maceration process and acetone via soxhlet extraction. Cashew nut shell liquid was extracted using acetone via soxhlet extraction. The synthesis was carried out via the Williams ether synthesis using 1,2-dibromoethane in the presence of a base catalyst. FTIR of the products confirmed its modification. From the result, it can be concluded that the non-polar extract performed better than the polar extract. Hence for further studies, non-polar solvents should be considered for extraction.