bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which Crisis Support Fiscal Measures Worked During the Covid-19 Shock in Europe?
Authors: Pappa Evi , Ramos Andrey , Vella Eugenia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe build a comprehensive database that categorizes COVID-19 fiscal measures announcements in 12 European Union countries into 7 distinct spending categories. Through our empirical analysis, we investigate the impact of these support packages on the economy. Overall, the fiscal measures played a crucial role in promoting output recovery without significant inflationary pressures. However, we observed substantial variations across different spending categories. Assistance provided to small and medium enterprises and specific sectors proved to be highly effective in stimulating the output while maintaining inflation. Direct pandemic spending and measures aimed at sustaining employment levels generated substantial output and employment multipliers and enhanced business sentiment without leading to inflationary costs. Conversely, universal help had inflationary effects and transfers to households primarily aroused consumer and business sentiment without producing significant economic impacts.
Estimator of Agreement with Covariate Adjustment
Authors: McKenzie Katelyn A. , Mahnken Jonathan D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe parameter $$\kappa $$
κ
is a general agreement structure used across many fields, such as medicine, machine learning and the pharmaceutical industry. A popular estimator for $$\kappa $$
κ
is Cohen’s $$\kappa $$
κ
; however, this estimator does not account for multiple influential factors. The primary goal of this paper is to propose an estimator of agreement for a binary response using a logistic regression framework. We use logistic regression to estimate the probability of a positive evaluation while adjusting for factors. These predicted probabilities are then used to calculate expected agreement. It is shown that ignoring needed adjustment measures, as in Cohen’s $$\kappa $$
κ
, leads to an inflated estimate of $$\kappa $$
κ
and a situation similar to Simpson’s paradox. Simulation studies verified mathematical relationships and confirmed estimates are inflated when necessary covariates are left unadjusted. Our method was applied to an Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging study. The proposed approach allows for inclusion of both categorical and continuous covariates, includes Cohen’s $$\kappa $$
κ
as a special case, offers an alternative interpretation, and is easily implemented in standard statistical software.
Effects of organic matter in drinking water and wastewater on micropollutant adsorption to activated carbon
Authors: Piai L. , Mei S. , van Gijn K. , Langenhoff A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractImproving the removal of micropollutants from wastewater effluent is crucial to protect surface water quality. This can be achieved by applying adsorption to granular activated carbon. However, activated carbon filters used for wastewater treatment have a shorter lifetime than filters used for drinking water production. It was assessed whether this is related exclusively to the higher organic matter concentration in wastewater effluent, compared to drinking water, or also to organic matter characteristics. Influent of activated carbon filters from a drinking water plant and wastewater effluent were used as organic matter sources, and their effect on micropollutant affinity for activated carbon and adsorption rate was compared at the same dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Organic matter characterization (excitation–emission matrices and parallel factor—PARAFAC—analysis) and fractionation methods, based on size and hydrophobicity, were combined to assess the relevance of specific components that affect micropollutant removal. The results show that both organic matter concentration and composition determine their effect on micropollutant affinity for activated carbon and adsorption rate. The affinity of micropollutants for activated carbon is more reduced in the presence of organic matter from wastewater effluent. Adsorption rate is lower in the presence of organic matter originating from drinking water plants at levels around 10 mg/L, compared to wastewater effluent. One PARAFAC component is more abundant in drinking water organic matter and is likely responsible for this effect. This knowledge supports the development of strategies to overcome bottlenecks on the application of activated carbon filters in water treatment.
Parameter-robust preconditioners for Biot’s model
Authors: Rodrigo Carmen , Gaspar Francisco J. , Adler James , Hu Xiaozhe , Ohm Peter , Zikatanov Ludmil 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis work presents an overview of the most relevant results obtained by the authors regarding the numerical solution of the Biot’s consolidation problem by preconditioning techniques. The emphasis here is on the design of parameter-robust preconditioners for the efficient solution of the algebraic system of equations resulting after proper discretization of such poroelastic problems. The classical two- and three-field formulations of the problem are considered, and block preconditioners are presented for some of the discretization schemes that have been proposed by the authors for these formulations. These discretizations have been proved to be well-posed with respect to the physical and discretization parameters, what provides a framework to develop preconditioners that are robust with respect to such parameters as well. In particular, we construct both norm-equivalent (block diagonal) and field-of-value-equivalent (block triangular) preconditioners, which are proved to be parameter-robust. The theoretical results on this parameter-robustness are demonstrated by considering typical benchmark problems in the literature for Biot’s model.
Appetitive traits and food groups consumption in school-aged children: prospective associations from the Generation XXI birth cohort
Authors: Ferreira Pedro , Warkentin Sarah , Oliveira Andreia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Appetite can influence children’s dietary choices; however, this relationship in school-aged children is still unclear. We aimed to explore the prospective associations between child appetitive traits at age 7 and food consumption at 10 years of age.

Methods
The study included 3860 children from the Generation XXI birth cohort, recruited in 2005/2006 in Porto, Portugal. The Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire was used to evaluate children’s appetitive traits at 7 years. Food consumption was measured at 10 years through a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Logistic regression models were performed and adjusted for possible confounders.

Results
Children with greater Enjoyment of Food at 7 years were 36% more likely to eat fruits ≥ 2 times/day and 54% more likely to eat vegetables > 2.5 times/day at 10 years compared to those with less frequent consumption. Children who ate more in response to negative emotions had higher odds of consuming energy-dense foods (OR = 1.33; 99% CI 1.13–1.58) and salty snacks (OR = 1.28; 99% CI 1.08–1.51) 3 years later. Those with less ability to adjust intake (higher Satiety Responsiveness) and more selective about foods (higher Food Fussiness) at 7 years were less likely to consume vegetables frequently, and were more likely to consume energy-dense foods and sugar-sweetened beverages.

Conclusions
Children’s appetitive traits at 7 years were associated with the consumption of several food groups at 10 years of age. Eating more in response to negative emotions (Emotional Eating), with less ability to adjust intake (Satiety Responsiveness) and more food selectivity (Food Fussiness) were associated with worse dietary choices (in general, lower fruit and vegetables, and higher energy-dense foods and sugar-sweetened beverages consumption).

Level of evidence
Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case–control analytic studies.
Frailty and post-operative delirium influence on functional status in patients with hip fracture: the GIOG 2.0 study
Authors: Gandossi Chiara Maria , Zambon Antonella , Ferrara Maria Cristina , Tassistro Elena , Castoldi Giuseppe , Colombo Francesca , Mussi Chiara , Martini Emilio , Sergi Giuseppe , Coin Alessandra , Zatti Giovanni , Trevisan Caterina , Volpato Stefano , Ungar Andrea , Bellelli Giuseppe ,   GIOG 2.0 Study Group, Società Italiana di Gerontologia e Geriatria (SIGG), Lunardelli Maria Lia , Benvenuti Enrico , Maggi Stefania , Pilotto Alberto , Barone Antonella , Zurlo Amedeo , Pizzonia Monica , Antonelli Incalzi Raffaele , Residori Luigi , Cena Paola , Mazzola Paolo , Corsi Maurizio , Greco Alessio , Galluccio Riccardo , Riccò Alice , Molteni Luca , Poli Andrea , Bendini Chiara , Ceccofiglio Alice , Rubbieri Gaia , Mannarino Giulio , Cartei Alessandro , Barghini Eleonora , Del Lungo Ilaria , Tognelli Silvia , Bandinelli Chiara , Venturelli Giulia , Cella Alberto , Ceolin Chiara , Haxhiaj Labjona , Laudisio Alice , Residori Luigi , Bonetto Martina , Valsecchi Maria Grazia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
This study analyzes the effect of frailty and Post-Operative Delirium (POD) on the functional status at hospital discharge and at 4-month follow-up in patients with hip fracture (HF).

Methods
Multicenter prospective observational study of older patients with HF admitted to 12 Italian Orthogeriatric centers (July 2019-August 2022). POD was assessed using the 4AT. A 26-item Frailty Index (FI) was created using data collected on admission. The outcome measures were Cumulated Ambulation Score (CAS) ≤ 2 at discharge and a telephone-administered CAS ≤ 2 after 4 months. Poisson regression models were used to assess the effect of frailty and POD on outcomes.

Results
984 patients (median age 84 years, IQR = 79–89) were recruited: 480 (48.7%) were frail at admission, 311 (31.6%) developed POD, and 158 (15.6%) had both frailty and POD. In a robust Poisson regression, frailty alone (Relative Risk, RR = 1.56, 95% Confidence Intervals, CI 1.19–2.04, p = 0.001) and its combination with POD (RR = 2.57, 95% CI 2.02–3.26, p < 0.001) were associated with poor functional status at discharge. At 4-month follow-up, the combination of frailty with POD (RR 3.65, 95% CI 1.85–7.2, p < 0.001) increased the risk of poor outcome more than frailty alone (RR 2.38, 95% CI 1.21–4.66, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
POD development exacerbates the negative effect that frailty exerts on functional outcomes in HF patients.
Application of laboratory-based rate of penetration model for polycrystalline diamond compact bit to geothermal well drilling
Authors: Miyazaki Kuniyuki , Takehara Takashi , Tsuduki Masatoshi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe modeling of the rate of penetration (ROP) considering the degradation of drilling performance owing to bit wear is essential for planning efficient and economical drilling. In the present study, a laboratory-based ROP model for a polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit is reviewed and the applicability of the model to the field data obtained in the four drilling tests performed by drilling structural boring wells in geothermal regions is investigated. It is validated that, on the whole, a parameter representing bit performance exponentially decreased with drilled length, suggesting that the decrease in ROP owing to bit wear is appropriately considered by the model, except when inherent performance of a PDC bit is not sufficiently exerted for some reason, e.g., inefficient transport of cuttings. The findings of the present study are expected to contribute to the optimization of drilling plans, including appropriate bit selection and bit life estimation.
New developments in sunscreens
Authors: Aguilera José , Gracia-Cazaña Tamara , Gilaberte Yolanda 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTopical sunscreen application is one of the most important photoprotection tool to prevent sun damaging effects in human skin at the short and long term. Although its efficacy and cosmeticity have significantly improved in recent years, a better understanding of the biological and clinical effects of longer wavelength radiation, such as long ultraviolet A (UVA I) and blue light, has driven scientists and companies to search for effective and safe filters and substances to protect against these newly identified forms of radiation. New technologies have sought to imbue sunscreen with novel properties, such as the reduction of calorific radiation. Cutaneous penetration by sunscreens can also be reduced using hydrogels or nanocrystals that envelop the filters, or by binding filters to nanocarriers such as alginate microparticles, cyclodextrins, and methacrylate polymers. Finally, researchers have looked to nature as a source of healthier products, such as plant products (e.g., mycosporines, scytonemin, and various flavonoids) and even fungal and bacterial melanin, which could potentially be used as substitutes or enhancers of current filters.
Graphical abstract
Investigation of the Causal Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption and COVID-19: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Xiao Zhihan , Qian Yawei , Liu Yi , Huang Lifeng , Si Mingxuan , Wang Zichen , Zhang Tongyu , Chen Xiru , Cao Jing , Chen Liang , Liu Yang , Liu Weicheng , Xu Jing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAssociation between alcohol intake and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk has been explored in several observational studies, but the results are still controversial. These associations may be biased by reverse causation or confounded by other environmental exposures. To avoid potential biases, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) method to evaluate whether alcohol intake is the causal risk factor for COVID-19. Two-sample MR analyses were performed utilizing summary data from the UK Biobank with 38,984 COVID-19 patients and 1,644,784 control participants. Both inverse-variance weighted (IVW) and genetic risk score (GRS) methods were applied to estimate the relationship including COVID-19 vs. general population, hospitalized COVID-19 vs. not hospitalized COVID-19, hospitalized COVID-19 vs. general population, and severe COVID-19 vs. general population. Additionally, we conducted various sensitivity analyses to evaluate the impact of assumptions on the findings and ensure the robustness of the results. Using 80 single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables, we found that alcohol intake was not significantly associated with the occurrence of COVID-19 in both IVW and GRS methods (IVW: beta = 0.0372; 95% CI − 0.1817 to 0.2561; P = 0.74; GRS: beta = 0.0372, 95% CI − 0.1737 to 0.2481, P = 0.73). Furthermore, similar results were also observed in comparison hospitalized COVID-19 with not hospitalized COVID-19 (IVW: beta = − 0.3625; 95% CI − 1.4151 to 0.6900; P = 0.50; GRS: beta = − 0.3625, 95% CI − 1.3633 to 0.6383, P = 0.48), hospitalized COVID-19 with general population (IVW: beta = − 0.1203; 95% CI − 0.5997 to 0.3591; P = 0.62; GRS: beta = − 0.1203, 95% CI − 0.5352 to 0.2946, P = 0.57), and severe COVID-19 with general population (IVW: beta = 0.2963; 95% CI − 0.3682 to 0.9607; P = 0.38; GRS: beta = 0.2963, 95% CI − 0.3240 to 0.9166, P = 0.35). Besides, the heterogeneity and sensitivity tests suggested absence of bias due to pleiotropy. Our results highlight no evidence to support the causal role of alcohol consumption in COVID-19 risk. Further large-scale prospective studies are warranted to replicate our findings.
Loss of Pkd1 limits susceptibility to colitis and colorectal cancer
Authors: Nikonova Anna S. , Deneka Alexander Y. , Silva Flaviane N. , Pirestani Shabnam , Tricarico Rossella , Kiseleva Anna A. , Zhou Yan , Nicolas Emmanuelle , Flieder Douglas B. , Grivennikov Sergei I. , Golemis Erica A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers, with an annual incidence of ~135,000 in the US, associated with ~50,000 deaths. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), associated with mutations disabling the PKD1 gene, affects as many as 1 in 1000. Intriguingly, some studies have suggested that individuals with germline mutations in PKD1 have reduced incidence of CRC, suggesting a genetic modifier function. Using mouse models, we here establish that loss of Pkd1 greatly reduces CRC incidence and tumor growth induced by loss of the tumor suppressor Apc. Growth of Pkd1−/−;Apc−/− organoids was reduced relative to Apc−/− organoids, indicating a cancer cell-intrinsic activity, even though Pkd1 loss enhanced activity of pro-oncogenic signaling pathways. Notably, Pkd1 loss increased colon barrier function, with Pkd1-deficient animals resistant to DSS-induced colitis, associated with upregulation of claudins that decrease permeability, and reduced T cell infiltration. Notably, Pkd1 loss caused greater sensitivity to activation of CFTR, a tumor suppressor in CRC, paralleling signaling relations in ADPKD. Overall, these data and other data suggest germline and somatic mutations in PKD1 may influence incidence, presentation, and treatment response in human CRC and other pathologies involving the colon.
Cannabidiol-induced crosstalk of apoptosis and macroautophagy in colorectal cancer cells involves p53 and Hsp70
Authors: Wang Fei , Dezfouli Ali Bashiri , Khosravi Mohammad , Sievert Wolfgang , Stangl Stefan , Schwab Melissa , Wu Zhiyuan , Steiger Katja , Ma Hu , Multhoff Gabriele 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlthough it has been established that cannabidiol (CBD), the major non-psychoactive constituent of cannabis, exerts antitumoral activities, the exact mechanism(s) via which tumor cells are killed by CBD are not well understood. This study provides new insights into the potential mechanisms of CBD-induced mutual antagonism of apoptosis and macroautophagy using wild type (HCT116 p53wt, LS174T p53wt), knockout (HCT116 p53−/−) and mutant (SW480 p53mut) human colorectal cancer cells (CRC). CBD causes a more pronounced loss in the viability of p53wt cells than p53−/− and p53mut cells, and a 5-week treatment with CBD reduced the volume of HCT116 p53wt xenografts in mice, but had no effect on the volume of HCT116 p53−/− tumors. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that CBD only significantly elevates ROS production in cells harboring wild-type p53 (HCT116, LS174T) and that this is associated with an accumulation of PARP1. CBD-induced elevated ROS levels trigger G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, a reduction in CDK2, a p53-dependent caspase-8/9/3 activation and macroautophagy in p53wt cells. The ROS-induced macroautophagy which promotes the activation of keap1/Nrf2 pathway might be positively regulated by p53wt, since inhibition of p53 by pifithrin-α further attenuates autophagy after CBD treatment. Interestingly, an inhibition of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression significantly enhances caspase-3 mediated programmed cell death in p53wt cells, whereas autophagy—which is associated with a nuclear translocation of Nrf2—was blocked. Taken together, our results demonstrate an intricate interplay between apoptosis and macroautophagy in CBD-treated colorectal cancer cells, which is regulated by the complex interactions of p53wt and Hsp70.
Loss of Paip1 causes translation reduction and induces apoptotic cell death through ISR activation and Xrp1
Authors: Xue Maoguang , Cong Fei , Zheng Wanling , Xu Ruoqing , Liu Xiaoyu , Bao Hongcun , Sung Ying Ying , Xi Yongmei , He Feng , Ma Jun , Yang Xiaohang , Ge Wanzhong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRegulation of protein translation initiation is tightly associated with cell growth and survival. Here, we identify Paip1, the Drosophila homolog of the translation initiation factor PAIP1, and analyze its role during development. Through genetic analysis, we find that loss of Paip1 causes reduced protein translation and pupal lethality. Furthermore, tissue specific knockdown of Paip1 results in apoptotic cell death in the wing imaginal disc. Paip1 depletion leads to increased proteotoxic stress and activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway. Mechanistically, we show that loss of Paip1 promotes phosphorylation of eIF2α via the kinase PERK, leading to apoptotic cell death. Moreover, Paip1 depletion upregulates the transcription factor gene Xrp1, which contributes to apoptotic cell death and eIF2α phosphorylation. We further show that loss of Paip1 leads to an increase in Xrp1 translation mediated by its 5’UTR. These findings uncover a novel mechanism that links translation impairment to tissue homeostasis and establish a role of ISR activation and Xrp1 in promoting cell death.
Inhibition of EZH2 alleviates SAHA-induced senescence-associated secretion phenotype in small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Kong Sun-Hyok , Ma Lie , Yuan Qingxia , Liu Xiangxiang , Han Yu , Xiang Weifang , Liu Dong-Xu , Zhang Yu , Lu Jun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChemotherapy has been widely used in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) treatment in the past decades. However, SCLC is easy to recur after chemotherapy. The senescence of cancer cells during chemotherapy is one of the effective therapeutic strategies to inhibit the progression of cancer. Nevertheless, the senescence-associated secretion phenotype (SASP) promotes chronic inflammation of the cancer microenvironment and further accelerates the progression of tumors. Therefore, inducing the senescence of cancer cells and inhibiting the production of SASP factors during anticancer treatment have become effective therapeutic strategies to improve the anticancer effect of drugs. Here we reported that SCLC cells treated with an FDA-approved HDAC inhibitor SAHA underwent senescence and displayed remarkable SASP. In particular, SAHA promoted the formation of cytoplasmic chromatin fragments (CCFs) in SCLC cells. The increased CCFs in SAHA-treated SCLC cells were related to nuclear porin Tpr, which activated the cGAS-STING pathway, and promoted the secretion of SASP in cancer cells. Inhibition of EZH2 suppressed the increase of CCFs in SAHA-treated SCLC cells, weakened the production of SASP, and increased the antiproliferative effect of SAHA. Overall, our work affords new insight into the secretion of SASP in SCLC and establishes a foundation for constructing a new therapeutic strategy for SCLC patients.
Multi-PGS enhances polygenic prediction by combining 937 polygenic scores
Authors: Albiñana Clara , Zhu Zhihong , Schork Andrew J. , Ingason Andrés , Aschard Hugues , Brikell Isabell , Bulik Cynthia M. , Petersen Liselotte V. , Agerbo Esben , Grove Jakob , Nordentoft Merete , Hougaard David M. , Werge Thomas , Børglum Anders D. , Mortensen Preben Bo , McGrath John J. , Neale Benjamin M. , Privé Florian , Vilhjálmsson Bjarni J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe predictive performance of polygenic scores (PGS) is largely dependent on the number of samples available to train the PGS. Increasing the sample size for a specific phenotype is expensive and takes time, but this sample size can be effectively increased by using genetically correlated phenotypes. We propose a framework to generate multi-PGS from thousands of publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with no need to individually select the most relevant ones. In this study, the multi-PGS framework increases prediction accuracy over single PGS for all included psychiatric disorders and other available outcomes, with prediction R2 increases of up to 9-fold for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder compared to a single PGS. We also generate multi-PGS for phenotypes without an existing GWAS and for case-case predictions. We benchmark the multi-PGS framework against other methods and highlight its potential application to new emerging biobanks.