bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐diagnosis of model suitability for continuous measurements of stream‐dissolved organic carbon derived from in situ UV–visible spectroscopy
Authors: Gaviria Salazar Christian , Roebuck J. Alan , Myers‐Pigg Allison N. , Ziegler Susan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractApplication of high‐frequency monitoring of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is difficult in instances where training datasets are challenging to develop (e.g., remote locations) and the relationship between optical features and DOC concentration changes due to environmental or landscape shifts (e.g., climate or land‐use change). We developed and compared three partial least squares (PLS) models using in situ water level measurements, conductivity, and UV–Vis spectral attenuation to predict DOC. Two site‐specific models were developed using data from a hillslope‐dominated forest or a low‐relief wetland‐pond‐dominated stream catchment. The third model, using data from both sites, exhibited the best performance (DOC range = 4–15.5 mg C L−1, mean = 8.38 mg C L−1, training RMSE = 0.34 mg C L−1, internal validation RMSE = 0.50 mg C L−1, external validation RMSE = 2.43 mg C L−1). We further demonstrate using PLS model statistics to monitor performance and elucidate when and how models should be updated. These statistics, Hotelling's T2 and squared prediction errors, are useful consistency checks for the predictions made and detect underlying inconsistencies that, if undetected, can reduce the robustness of DOC prediction. For example, via the T2 statistic, we identified the summer–autumn transition as a period when DOC composition differed from what was represented in the training dataset. We also determined that elevated SUVA254 values contributed to the overall bias observed in predictions made during the subsequent year as part of the external validation. This enabled the application of a bias correction that reduced the RMSE from 2.43 to 0.89 mg C L−1. The method presented here could be applied to future monitoring programs enabling model updates to monitor DOC fluxes accurately from optical datasets (e.g., attenuance or fluorescence) in the face of developing datasets in remote locations or environmental change. Implementation of this approach may also identify possible regime shifts or landscape and hydrologic change associated with climate and other environmental changes relevant to terrestrial to aquatic fluxes.
Efficient and Unidirectional Launching of Surface Plasmons from a Hyperbolic Meta‐Antenna
Authors: Zhang Yiyun , Lepage Dominic , Gao Bingtao , Wang Pan , Pan Chenxinyu , Niu Junru , Chen Hongsheng , Qian Haoliang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTunnel nanojunctions associated with inelastic electron tunneling have demonstrated crucial applications in on‐chip photonic and plasmonic circuitries due to their high photon modulation speed, large‐scale integration capability, and working‐wavelengths range tunability. However, because most electrons tunnel through a junction elastically, the external quantum efficiency of a nanojunction‐based plasmonic source tends to be around 10−4, severely limiting their applications to date. In this work, an integrated high‐efficiency unidirectional plasmonic source composed of an edge‐to‐edge thickness gradient hyperbolic meta‐antenna is proposed. By engineering the extra wavevector dimension, this study demonstrates a theoretical external quantum efficiency of up to 23% for this system. This is attributed to the large local density of optical states from hyperbolic dispersion and wavevector‐match conditions provided by the optical antennas. Furthermore, this study also demonstrates the tunability of this system across a range of wavelengths from 1300 to 1700 nm. The implementations of these metamaterial‐based tunneling structures enable fast and tunable on‐chip high‐efficiency sources for applications in high‐performance plasmonic circuitries.
Low‐Threshold Multiwavelength Plasmonic Nanolasing in an “H”‐Shape Cavity
Authors: Li Chenyang , Zhang Xutao , Yi Ruixuan , Li Ziyuan , Zhang Fanlu , Liu Kaihui , Gan Xuetao , Fu Lan , Xiao Fajun , Zhao Jianlin , Tan Hark Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMultiwavelength plasmonic nanolasers are central to the quest for ultradense and versatile photonic integrations. However, the insufficient optical feedback and mode selection strategies result in a high lasing threshold and multi‐mode operation with limited spectral purity and stability. Here, a multiwavelength near‐infrared plasmonic nanolaser with high mode purity by leveraging a nontrivial “H”‐shape plasmonic cavity is demonstrated. The nanolaser is constructed by inserting InGaAs/GaAs multi‐quantum‐disk (MQD) nanowires into a metallic Fabry‐Perot cavity consisting of a pair of Ag nanowires positioned on an ultrasmooth Au film. The design is endowed with strong optical feedback to enhance the energy transfer between the exciton and plasmon, rendering a significant reduction of the lasing threshold. More importantly, the “H”‐shape cavity is featured with a large flexibility in tuning the resonance wavelength, where multiwavelength lasing with the virtues of single‐mode is realized at room temperature. The results make a crucial step toward near‐infrared multiwavelength plasmonic nanolasers and open up exciting opportunities for applications such as ultracompact photonic integrated circuits and high‐throughput biochemical sensing.
Viscoelasticity, Tensile properties, and Microstructure of Cyclic Olefin Copolymer/SBS/SEBS Elastomer Blends
Authors: Chai Keqian , Du Sunhui , Wang Wenhui , He Xuelian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCyclic olefin copolymer (COC) polymers with rigid ring structures like NB in the polymer chain enhance the toughness greatly, but also cause high brittleness of the material, which limits its application. Modification of COC for toughness by the addition of styrene‐butadiene‐styrene block copolymer (SBS) and polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethene‐co‐butyl‐1‐ene)‐block‐polystyrene (SEBS) elastomers of styrene content in SEBS is done. Field emission scanning electron microscope shows that tougheners are uniformly dispersed in the COC matrix without a visible interface between the two phases, which is also supported by the Cole‐Cole and Han curves. Rheological behavior indicates that the addition of SBS and SEBS makes the COC/SBS/SEBS composites to have higher elastic modulus, loss modulus, and composite viscosity than that of pure COC. Furthermore, the tensile strength of the composite presents 3.6 times higher than pure COC, while the elongation at break is 6.3 times higher than pure COC. The dynamic mechanical analysis reveals that the COC and tougheners are well blended, and the SBS and SEBS toughen the COC in agreement with the results of morphological and rheological behaviors.
Investigation of the properties of nickel‐boron/nano‐diamond composite coatings upon pre/post heat treatment
Authors: Rezagholi H. , Mirjani M. , Milani M. , Borji S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe study has explored the physical and chemical properties of nickel‐boron/nano‐diamond composite coatings upon pre/post heat treatment. The nano‐composite coatings were produced by electroless plating. In fact, the effects of using the nano‐diamond additives (0 g l−1, 0.1 g l−1, 0.3 g l−1, 0.5 g l−1, 0.7 g l−1) were investigated in pre/post heat treatment. According to the results, the micro‐hardness of the nickel‐boron/nano‐diamond composite coating produced in the bath containing 0.5 g l−1 nano‐diamond additive reached to 1005 HV 0.05 upon post‐heat treatment. Also, the corrosion resistance of the nickel‐boron/nano‐diamond composite coatings was modified by using the nano‐additive or heat treatment. But, adding nano‐diamond particles reduced the ductility and wear resistance of the nickel‐boron coatings. We also found, modification of the properties (ductility and wear resistance) of the composite coatings was achieved by using the heat treatment.
Dry machining characteristics of coated inserts and multi response optimization through DEAR‐Taguchi method
Authors: Moganapriya C. , Rajasekar R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe primary intent of the proposed research work is to investigate the effectiveness of the titanium aluminium nitride/tungsten carbide‐carbide coated insert during dry turning structural stainless steel. The aim of the study is to simultaneously optimise machining variables like spindle speed, depth of cut and feed for several responses like flank wear, material removal rate and surface roughness. Titanium aluminium nitride/tungsten carbide‐carbide is coated on the surface of carbide tool by cathodic arc evaporation method. The characterization studies have been conducted to ensure the existence of coating material. Micro hardness of coated and pure inserts was tested, which confirms that titanium aluminium nitride/tungsten carbide‐carbide coated insert possesses 17.43 % augmented hardness over pure inserts. The machining was performed by adopting Taguchi experimental design. A multi‐response optimization approach was applied in this study that included ranking methodology based on data development analysis and Taguchi's design. The performance index for multiple responses was measured and mathematically analysed for their effect on processing parameters. The combination of parameter such as spindle speed: 2000 min−1; cutting depth: 0.45 mm and feed rate: 0.16 mm rev−1 was experimental as optimal machining parameters.
Genome comparison reveals that Halobacterium salinarum 63‐R2 is the origin of the twin laboratory strains NRC‐1 and R1
Authors: Pfeiffer Friedhelm , Dyall‐Smith Mike 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe genome of Halobacterium strain 63‐R2 was recently reported and provides the opportunity to resolve long‐standing issues regarding the source of two widely used model strains of Halobacterium salinarum, NRC‐1 and R1. Strain 63‐R2 was isolated in 1934 from a salted buffalo hide (epithet “cutirubra”), along with another strain from a salted cow hide (91‐R6T, epithet “salinaria,” the type strain of Hbt. salinarum). Both strains belong to the same species according to genome‐based taxonomy analysis (TYGS), with chromosome sequences showing 99.64% identity over 1.85 Mb. The chromosome of strain 63‐R2 is 99.99% identical to the two laboratory strains NRC‐1 and R1, with only five indels, excluding the mobilome. The two reported plasmids of strain 63‐R2 share their architecture with plasmids of strain R1 (pHcu43/pHS4, 99.89% identity; pHcu235/pHS3, 100.0% identity). We detected and assembled additional plasmids using PacBio reads deposited at the SRA database, further corroborating that strain differences are minimal. One plasmid, pHcu190 (190,816 bp) corresponds to pHS1 (strain R1) but is even more similar in architecture to pNRC100 (strain NRC‐1). Another plasmid, pHcu229, assembled partially and completed in silico (229,124 bp), shares most of its architecture with pHS2 (strain R1). In deviating regions, it corresponds to pNRC200 (strain NRC‐1). Further architectural differences between the laboratory strain plasmids are not unique, but are present in strain 63‐R2, which contains characteristics from both of them. Based on these observations, it is proposed that the early twentieth‐century isolate 63‐R2 is the immediate ancestor of the twin laboratory strains NRC‐1 and R1.
Omnichannel expansion for traditional retailers: Considering consumers' privacy concerns
Authors: Song Zhiyuan , Cheng Jinshi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDigital economy development is driving the profound revolution in omnichannel retail, yet digital technology inevitably raises privacy concerns. This paper examines the optimal pricing and service strategies for a traditional single‐channel retailer transitioning to omnichannel sales when the market has privacy issues. We construct a nonlinear constrained optimization model to discuss the retailer's optimal gains and pricing when faced with profit‐seeking and privacy‐sensitive consumers during the discount and full‐price periods. Besides, we analyze the influence of item privacy attributes and clients' profit‐seeking or strategic behavior. Several valuable findings are as follows. First, the product's privacy attributes significantly influence retailer's pricing decisions. High‐privacy value goods benefit them in the full‐price period, while common items with low‐privacy attributes are profitable in all sales periods. Second, profit‐seeking (myopic) consumers are the mainstay of the discount period, whereas privacy‐sensitive (strategic) consumers prefer to act in the full‐price period. Lastly, when supported by appropriate privacy services, the strategic actions of privacy consumers also help retailers to optimize profits.
A survey on exact algorithms for the maximum flow and minimum‐cost flow problems
Authors: Cruz‐Mejía Oliverio , Letchford Adam N. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNetwork flow problems form an important and much‐studied family of combinatorial optimization problems, with a huge array of practical applications. Two network flow problems in particular have received a great deal of attention: the maximum flow and minimum‐cost flow problems. We review the progress that has been made on exact solution algorithms for these two problems, with an emphasis on worst‐case running times.
Performance of Non‐EPI DW MRI for Pediatric Cholesteatoma Follow‐Up
Authors: Daoudi Hannah , Levy Raphaël , Baudouin Robin , Couloigner Vincent , Leboulanger Nicolas , Garabédian Eréa‐Noel , Belhous Kahina , Boddaert Nathalie , Denoyelle Françoise , Simon François 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of nonecho planar (non‐EPI) diffusion‐weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect residual cholesteatoma in children.Study DesignRetrospective study.SettingTertiary comprehensive hospital.MethodsChildren operated on for a first‐stage cholesteatoma procedure from 2010 to 2019 were included. MRIs were performed with non‐EPI DW sequences. Initial reports were collected, indicating the presence or absence of hyperintensity suggestive of cholesteatoma. Three hundred twenty‐three MRIs were correlated with the subsequent surgery (66%) or year‐later MRI (21%), or were considered accurate if performed 5 years or more after the last surgery (13%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of each imaging procedure for the detection of cholesteatoma were calculated.ResultsTwo hundred twenty‐four children with mean age of 9 ± 4 years old presented with cholesteatoma. MRIs were performed 27 ± 24 months after surgery. Residual cholesteatoma was diagnosed in 35%. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of MRI were 62%, 86%, 74%, and 78%, respectively. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity increased significantly over time (multivariate analysis). The mean delay after last surgery was of 30 ± 2.0 months for accurate MRI (true positive or negative) versus 17 ± 2.0 months for nonaccurate (false positive or negative) MRIs (p < .001).ConclusionHowever, long the delay after the last surgery, the sensitivity of non‐EPI diffusion sequence MRI in children has limitations for the detection of residual cholesteatoma. Surveillance for residual cholesteatoma should incorporate findings at primary surgery, surgeon experience, a low threshold for second‐look procedures, and routine imaging.
Eco‐friendly three‐dimensional hydrogels for sustainable agricultural applications: Current and future scenarios
Authors: Azeem Muhammad Khalid , Islam Atif , Khan Rafi Ullah , Rasool Atta , Qureshi Muhammad Anees ur Rehman , Rizwan Muhammad , Sher Farooq , Rasheed Tahir 
Published: June 2023

AbstractModern world is searching for water efficient agriculture techniques as irrigation is becoming scarce. Limited water resources and more food demand are the two key challenges in agriculture. Hydrogels which can respond intelligently by pH, temperature, light, ionic strength, osmotic pressure, magnetic or electric field changes are termed as intelligent or smart hydrogels which are analogous to conventional hydrogels in preparatory methods and features. Lag phase, constant release and decay phase are three steps involved in release of nutrients from polymeric hydrogels. In fact, hydrogels act as little reservoirs of water and dissolve nutrients that are released in controlled manner anchored by plant roots via capillary action. Hydrogels also sustain optimum amount of water in water stress conditions and reabsorb water in moist conditions which ultimately increases seedling, seed germination, plant growth and crop yield. Fertilizer and salt release are majorly dependent upon pH and temperature followed by diffusion‐controlled mechanism. Cross‐linkers, binders and fillers play pivotal role in determining properties, architecture and hydrogel pores. In comparison to potassium (K+) and phosphate (PO4−3) ions, nitrates (NO3−1) and ammonium (NH4+1) ions exhibited faster release rate. This review spotlights application prospects of three dimensional hydrogel in agriculture. Initially, properties of hydrogels, their classification, preparatory methods, effect of natural‐synthetic‐polymer blending and role of fillers are stated. Afterward, hydrogel functioning, significance, advantages, mechanism of fertilizer release and agriculture specific applications of hydrogels are comprehensively described. In conclusion, extraordinary biocompatible, cheaper, stable, biodegradable, durable, non‐toxic and re‐wettable characteristics of hydrogel systems motivated their utilization in agronomical applications.
Capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry for protein analyses under native conditions: Current progress and perspectives
Authors: Schwenzer Ann‐Katrin , Kruse Lena , Jooß Kevin , Neusüß Christian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNative mass spectrometry is a rapidly emerging technique for fast and sensitive structural analysis of protein constructs, maintaining the protein higher order structure. The coupling with electromigration separation techniques under native conditions enables the characterization of proteoforms and highly complex protein mixtures. In this review, we present an overview of current native CE‐MS technology. First, the status of native separation conditions is described for capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE), and capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF), as well as their chip‐based formats, including essential parameters such as electrolyte composition and capillary coatings. Further, conditions required for native ESI‐MS of (large) protein constructs, including instrumental parameters of QTOF and Orbitrap systems, as well as requirements for native CE‐MS interfacing are presented. On this basis, methods and applications of the different modes of native CE‐MS are summarized and discussed in the context of biological, medical, and biopharmaceutical questions. Finally, key achievements are highlighted and concluded, while remaining challenges are pointed out.
Synthesis of hyperbranched polymers by combination of self‐condensing vinyl polymerization and iniferter process
Authors: Guner Samet , Ciftci Mustafa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA versatile approach for the synthesis of polystyrene based hyperbranched polymers (hyp‐PS) with tunable branching densities by combination of self‐condensing vinyl polymerization and iniferter processes is reported. The technique is based on the utilization of a dual functional monomer, 2,2,2‐(triphenylethyl)styrene (TPES), that contains both polymerizable and iniferter units. Branching densities of the polymers are regulated depending on the TPES concentration and polymerization time. Moreover, obtained polymers are used as macroiniferter for the copolymerization of a hydrophilic monomer (poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate) to give amphiphilic branched‐core star polymers.
Identifying promising sequences for protein engineering using a deep transformer protein language model
Authors: Frisby Trevor S. , Langmead Christopher James 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProtein engineers aim to discover and design novel sequences with targeted, desirable properties. Given the near limitless size of the protein sequence landscape, it is no surprise that these desirable sequences are often a relative rarity. This makes identifying such sequences a costly and time‐consuming endeavor. In this work, we show how to use a deep transformer protein language model to identify sequences that have the most promise. Specifically, we use the model's self‐attention map to calculate a Promise Score that weights the relative importance of a given sequence according to predicted interactions with a specified binding partner. This Promise Score can then be used to identify strong binders worthy of further study and experimentation. We use the Promise Score within two protein engineering contexts—Nanobody (Nb) discovery and protein optimization. With Nb discovery, we show how the Promise Score provides an effective way to select lead sequences from Nb repertoires. With protein optimization, we show how to use the Promise Score to select site‐specific mutagenesis experiments that identify a high percentage of improved sequences. In both cases, we also show how the self‐attention map used to calculate the Promise Score can indicate which regions of a protein are involved in intermolecular interactions that drive the targeted property. Finally, we describe how to fine‐tune the transformer protein language model to learn a predictive model for the targeted property, and discuss the capabilities and limitations of fine‐tuning with and without knowledge transfer within the context of protein engineering.
Microfluidic Immuno‐Serolomic Assay Reveals Systems Level Association with COVID‐19 Pathology and Vaccine Protection
Authors: Kim Dongjoo , Biancon Giulia , Bai Zhiliang , VanOudenhove Jennifer , Liu Yuxin , Kothari Shalin , Gowda Lohith , Kwan Jennifer M. , Buitrago‐Pocasangre Nicholas Carlos , Lele Nikhil , Asashima Hiromitsu , Racke Michael K. , Wilson JoDell E. , Givens Tara S. , Tomayko Mary M. , Schulz Wade L. , Longbrake Erin E. , Hafler David A. , Halene Stephanie , Fan Rong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHow to develop highly informative serology assays to evaluate the quality of immune protection against coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) has been a global pursuit over the past years. Here, a microfluidic high‐plex immuno‐serolomic assay is developed to simultaneously measure50 plasma or serum samples for50 soluble markers including 35proteins, 11 anti‐spike/receptor binding domian (RBD) IgG antibodies spanningmajor variants, and controls. This assay demonstrates the quintuplicate test in a single run with high throughput, low sample volume, high reproducibilityand accuracy. It is applied to the measurement of 1012 blood samples including in‐depth analysis of sera from 127 patients and 21 healthy donors over multiple time points, either with acute COVID infection or vaccination. The protein analysis reveals distinct immune mediator modules that exhibit a reduced degree of diversity in protein‐protein cooperation in patients with hematologic malignancies or receiving B cell depletion therapy. Serological analysis identifies that COVID‐infected patients with hematologic malignancies display impaired anti‐RBD antibody response despite high level of anti‐spike IgG, which can be associated with limited clonotype diversity and functional deficiency in B cells. These findings underscore the importance to individualize immunization strategies for these high‐risk patients and provide an informative tool to monitor their responses at the systems level.