bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring sleep stages with a soft electrode array: Comparison againstvPSGand home‐based detection ofREMsleep without atonia
Authors: Oz Shani , Dagay Andrew , Katzav Shlomit , Wasserman Danielle , Tauman Riva , Gerston Aaron , Duncan Iain , Hanein Yael , Mirelman Anat 
Published: May 2023

SummarySleep disorders are symptomatic hallmarks of a variety of medical conditions. Accurately identifying the specific stage in which these disorders occur is particularly important for the correct diagnosis of non‐rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement parasomnias. In‐lab polysomnography suffers from limited availability and does not reflect habitual sleep conditions, which is especially important in older adults and those with neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to explore the feasibility and validity of a new wearable system for accurately measuring sleep at home. The system core technology is soft, printed dry electrode arrays and a miniature data acquisition unit with a cloud‐based data storage for offline analysis. The positions of the electrodes allow manual scoring following the American Association of Sleep Medicine guidelines. Fifty participants (21 healthy subjects, mean age 56.6 ± 8.4 years; and 29 patients with Parkinson's disease, 65.4 ± 7.6 years) underwent a polysomnography evaluation with parallel recording with the wearable system. Total agreement between the two systems reached Cohen's kappa (k) of 0.688 with agreement in each stage of: wake k = 0.701; N1 = 0.224; N2 = 0.584; N3 = 0.410; and rapid eye movement = 0.723. Moreover, the system reliably detected rapid eye movement sleep without atonia with a sensitivity of 85.7%. Additionally, a comparison between sleep as measured in the sleep lab with data collected from a night at home showed significantly lower wake after sleep onset at home. The results demonstrate that the system is valid, accurate and allows for the exploration of sleep at home. This new system offers an opportunity to help detect sleep disorders on a larger scale than possible today, fostering better care.
Mosquito community composition in two major stopover aquatic ecosystems used by migratory birds in northern Spain
Authors: González Mikel A. , Goiri Fátima , Cevidanes Aitor , Hernández‐Triana Luis M. , Barandika Jesús F. , García‐Pérez Ana L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are common bloodsucking Diptera frequently found in aquatic environments, which are valuable ecosystems for many animal species, particularly migrating birds. Therefore, interactions between these animal species and mosquitoes may play a critical role in pathogen transmission. During 2018–2019, mosquitoes were collected from two aquatic ecosystems in northern Spain using different methodologies and identified using classical morphology and molecular tools. A total of 1529 males and females of 22 native mosquito species (including eight new records for the region) were trapped using CO2‐baited Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) traps and sweep netting. Among the blood‐fed female mosquitoes, 11 vertebrate host species—six mammals and five birds—were identified using DNA barcoding. The developmental sites of eight mosquito species were determined across nine microhabitats, and 11 mosquito species were caught landing on humans. The flight period varied among mosquito species, with some peaking in the spring and others in the summer. Our study highlights the advantages of mosquito sampling using various techniques to comprehensively characterise species composition and abundance. Information on the trophic preferences, biting behaviour and influence of climatic variables on the ecology of mosquitoes is also provided.
Application of deep learning algorithm in the recognition of cryptococcosis and talaromycosis skin lesions
Authors: Wei Wudi , He Xiaotao , Bao Xiuli , Wang Gang , Luo Qiang , Chen Lixiang , Zhan Baili , Lai Jingzhen , Jiang Junjun , Ye Li , Liang Hao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundCryptococcosis and talaromycosis are known as ‘neglected epidemics’ due to their high case fatality rates and low concern. Clinically, the skin lesions of the two fungal diseases are similar and easily misdiagnosed. Therefore, this study aims to develop an algorithm to identify cryptococcosis/talaromycosis skin lesions.MethodsSkin images of tararomiasis and cryptococcosis were collected from published articles and augmented using the Python Imaging Library (PIL). Then, five deep artificial intelligence models, VGG19, MobileNet, InceptionV3, Incept ResNetV2 and DenseNet201, were developed based on the collected datasets using transfer learning technology. Finally, the performance of the models was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, accuracy, AUC and ROC curve.ResultsIn total, 159 articles (79 for cryptococcosis and 80 for talaromycosis), including 101 cryptococcosis skin lesion images and 133 talaromycosis skin lesion images, were collected for further mode construction. Five methods showed good performance for prediction but did not yield satisfactory results for all cases. Among them, DenseNet201 performed best in the validation set, followed by InceptionV3. However, InceptionV3 showed the highest sensitivity, accuracy, F1 score and AUC values in the training set, followed by DenseNet201. The specificity of DenseNet201 in the training set is better than that of InceptionV3.ConclusionsDenseNet201 and InceptionV3 are equivalent to the optimal model in these conditions and can be used in clinical settings as decision support tools for the identification and classification of skin lesions of cryptococcus/talaromycosis.
Clinical, radiological and laboratory characteristics of central nervous system histoplasmosis: A systematic review of a severe disease
Authors: de Oliveira Vítor Falcão , Kruschewsky Wdson Luis Lima , Sekiguchi William Kazunori , Costa Silvia F. , Levin Anna S. , Magri Marcello Mihailenko Chaves , Silva Guilherme Diogo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe knowledge of central nervous system (CNS) histoplasmosis is limited to case reports and series.ObjectivesOur objective was to synthesise clinical, radiological and laboratory characteristics of CNS histoplasmosis to improve our understanding of this rare disease.MethodsWe performed a systematic review using Pubmed/MEDLINE, Embase and LILACS databases accessed on March 2023 without publication date restrictions. Inclusion criteria comprised: (1) histopathological, microbiological, antigen or serological evidence of histoplasmosis; (2) CNS involvement based on cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis or neuroimaging abnormalities. We classified the certainty of the diagnosis in proven (CNS microbiological and histopathological confirmation), probable (CNS serological and antigen confirmation) or possible (non‐CNS evidence of histoplasmosis). Metaproportion was used to provide a summary measure with 95% confidence intervals for the clinical, radiological and laboratory characteristics. Chi‐squared test was used to compare mortality between pairs of antifungal drugs.ResultsWe included 108 studies with 298 patients. The median age was 31 years, predominantly male, and only 23% were immunocompromised (134/276, 95%CI: 3–71), mainly due to HIV infection. The most common CNS symptom was headache (130/236, 55%, 95%CI: 49–61), with a duration predominantly of weeks or months. Radiological presentation included histoplasmoma (79/185, 34%, 95%CI: 14–61), meningitis (29/185, 14%, 95%CI: 7–25), hydrocephalus (41/185, 37%, 95%CI: 7–83) and vasculitis (18/185, 6%, 95%CI: 1–22). There were 124 proven cases, 112 probable cases and 40 possible cases. The majority of patients presented positive results in CNS pathology (90%), serology (CSF: 72%; serum: 70%) or CSF antigen (74%). Mortality was high (28%, 56/198), but lower in patients who used liposomal amphotericin B and itraconazole. Relapse occurred in 13% (23/179), particularly in HIV patients, but less frequently in patients who used itraconazole.ConclusionCentral nervous system histoplasmosis usually presents subacute‐to‐chronic symptoms in young adults. Neuroimaging patterns included not only focal lesions but also hydrocephalus, meningitis and vasculitis. Positive results were commonly found in CSF antigen and serology. Mortality was high, and treatment with liposomal amphotericin B followed by itraconazole may decrease mortality.
How economic growth, sustainable energy and carbon emission impact each other? New insights from India using ARDL approach
Authors: Kaur Jasvinder , Singh Kamaljit , Chaudhary Rashmi , Vashishtha Simmi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the association among economic growth, sustainable energy consumption and carbon emission with additional variables including fossil fuel energy consumption, natural gas and trade openness. The annual time‐series data from 1972 to 2019 is analysed using an auto‐regressive distributive lag model. Moreover, the novelty and robustness of the model are verified using dynamic ordinary least squares, and fully modified ordinary least squares. The results specify that except carbon emission model equation, there is co‐integration exists among variables. In terms of the outcomes in the long term, the consumption of fossil fuels has a notable impact on economic growth and natural gas, whereas the consumption of sustainable energy has a detrimental effect on economic growth. Interestingly, in the short run, sustainable energy consumption positively links with trade openness and economic growth. Furthermore, the VECM‐based Granger Causality detects a one‐way causal linkage of fossil fuel consumption, trade openness, carbon emissions and natural gas with economic growth. A bidirectional causality exists from carbon emission to fossil fuel consumption, suggesting a feedback hypothesis. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the underlying variables. The policymakers can make decisions for the efficient functioning of energy markets, enhanced production of energy‐from‐waste material and environmental enforcement in India related to air pollution should be strengthened.
The Aim of Medicine. Sanocentricity and the Autonomy Thesis
Authors: Varga Somogy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecent criticisms of medicine converge on fundamental questions about the aim of medicine. The main task of this paper is to propose an account of the aim of medicine. Discussing and rejecting the initially plausible proposal according to which medicine is pathocentric, the paper presents and defends the Autonomy Thesis, which holds that medicine is not pathocentric, but sanocentric, aiming to promote health with the final aim to enhance autonomy. The paper closes by considering the objection that the Autonomy Thesis is overly permissive and allows many highly controversial procedures as legitimate parts of medicine.
BMI1 is required for melanocyte stem cell maintenance and hair pigmentation
Authors: Wilson Molly M. , Danielian Paul S. , Salus Griffin , Ferretti Roberta , Whittaker Charles A. , Lees Jacqueline A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe epigenetic repressor BMI1 plays an integral role in promoting the self‐renewal and proliferation of many adult stem cell populations, and also tumor types, primarily through silencing the Cdkn2a locus, which encodes the tumor suppressors p16Ink4a and p19Arf. However, in cutaneous melanoma, BMI1 drives epithelial‐mesenchymal transition programs, and thus metastasis, while having little impact on proliferation or primary tumor growth. This raised questions about the requirement and role for BMI1 in melanocyte stem cell (McSC) biology. Here, we demonstrate that murine melanocyte‐specific Bmi1 deletion causes premature hair greying and gradual loss of melanocyte lineage cells. Depilation enhances this hair greying defect, accelerating depletion of McSCs in early hair cycles, suggesting that BMI1 acts to protect McSCs against stress. RNA‐seq of McSCs, harvested before onset of detectable phenotypic defects, revealed that Bmi1 deletion derepresses p16Ink4a and p19Arf, as observed in many other stem cell contexts. Additionally, BMI1 loss downregulated the glutathione S‐transferase enzymes, Gsta1 and Gsta2, which can suppress oxidative stress. Accordingly, treatment with the antioxidant N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) partially rescued melanocyte expansion. Together, our data establish a critical function for BMI1 in McSC maintenance that reflects a partial role for suppression of oxidative stress, and likely transcriptional repression of Cdkn2a.
Connecting the dots: Melanoma cell of origin, tumor cell plasticity, trans‐differentiation, and drug resistance
Authors: Castro‐Pérez Edgardo , Singh Mithalesh , Sadangi Shreyans , Mela‐Sánchez Carmen , Setaluri Vijayasaradhi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMelanoma, a lethal malignancy that arises from melanocytes, exhibits a multiplicity of clinico‐pathologically distinct subtypes in sun‐exposed and non‐sun‐exposed areas. Melanocytes are derived from multipotent neural crest cells and are present in diverse anatomical locations, including skin, eyes, and various mucosal membranes. Tissue‐resident melanocyte stem cells and melanocyte precursors contribute to melanocyte renewal. Elegant studies using mouse genetic models have shown that melanoma can arise from either melanocyte stem cells or differentiated pigment‐producing melanocytes depending on a combination of tissue and anatomical site of origin and activation of oncogenic mutations (or overexpression) and/or the repression in expression or inactivating mutations in tumor suppressors. This variation raises the possibility that different subtypes of human melanomas (even subsets within each subtype) may also be a manifestation of malignancies of distinct cells of origin. Melanoma is known to exhibit phenotypic plasticity and trans‐differentiation (defined as a tendency to differentiate into cell lineages other than the original lineage from which the tumor arose) along vascular and neural lineages. Additionally, stem cell‐like properties such as pseudo‐epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal (EMT‐like) transition and expression of stem cell‐related genes have also been associated with the development of melanoma drug resistance. Recent studies that employed reprogramming melanoma cells to induced pluripotent stem cells have uncovered potential relationships between melanoma plasticity, trans‐differentiation, and drug resistance and implications for cell or origin of human cutaneous melanoma. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge on melanoma cell of origin and the relationship between tumor cell plasticity and drug resistance.
People who help people: A needs assessment of those who provide interpersonal support to individuals with chronic illnesses
Authors: Voorhees Heather L. , Makos Shana , Babu Sara , Taniguchi‐Dorios Emiko , Thompson Charee M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSocial support during an ongoing illness has been shown to be beneficial for both the provider and the receiver, but people often struggle with offering effective, appropriate support. There is a lack of communication‐focused training not specifically tied to caregiving or training that is designed for all social network members of a person experiencing a chronic illness, which we call interpersonal support providers (ISPs). We conducted a concurrent mixed‐methods needs assessment, surveying both ISPs and support receivers, to understand communicative challenges and inform an evidence‐based intervention. Analysis of results from an online survey (Nproviders = 91, Nreceivers = 97), consisting of five open‐ended and 15 quantitative items, suggests that ISPs have difficulty managing their worries and emotions while providing comfort to others, which may impact support quality. In addition, ISPs and receivers both identify “listening” as a key skill for ISPs to hone, though ISPs feel they are more skilled at listening than receivers say they are. Lastly, ISPs feel they are good at sharing information and advice, but receivers often perceive it as patronizing or unhelpful. These results will inform the creation of an intervention for everyone offering emotional, esteem, and informational support to individuals with chronic illnesses.
Identification of HuSPL family and key role of HuSPL12 in regulation of betalain biosynthesis in pitaya
Authors: Zeng Jianmei , Chen Jiayi , Shah Kamran , Xie Fangfang , Chen Canbin , Chen Jiaxuan , Zhao Jietang , Hu Guibing , Zhang Zhike , Qin Yonghua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein‐like (SPL) gene family is a unique family of plant‐specific transcription factors (TFs), which plays vital roles in a variety of plant biological processes. Its role in betalain biosynthesis in Hylocereus undantus; however, is still unclear. Here, we report a total of 16 HuSPL genes from the pitaya genome, which were unevenly distributed among nine chromosomes. The HuSPL genes were clustered into seven groups, and most HuSPLs within the same group shared similar exon–intron structures and conserved motifs. Eight segment replication events in the HuSPL gene family were the main driving force behind the gene family expansion. Nine of the HuSPL genes had potential target sites for Hmo‐miR156/157b. Hmo‐miR156/157b‐targeted HuSPLs exhibited differential expression patterns compared with constitutive expression patterns of most Hmo‐miR156/157b‐nontargeted HuSPLs. The expression of Hmo‐miR156/157b gradually increased during fruit maturation, while the expression of Hmo‐miR156/157b‐targeted HuSPL5/11/14 gradually decreased. In addition, the lowest expression level of Hmo‐miR156/157b‐targeted HuSPL12 was detected 23rd day after flowering, when the middle pulps started to turn red. HuSPL5, HuSPL11, HuSPL12, and HuSPL14 were nucleus‐localized proteins. HuSPL12 could inhibit the expression of HuWRKY40 by binding to its promoter. Results from yeast two‐hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays showed that HuSPL12 could interact with HuMYB1, HuMYB132, or HuWRKY42 TFs responsible for betalain biosynthesis. The results of the present study provide an essential basis for future regulation of betalain accumulation in pitaya.
Standing alone on the frontline. The meaning of being a nurse in the archipelago—A phenomenological hermeneutical study
Authors: Lundberg Anna , Santamäki‐Fischer Regina , Gyllencreutz Lina , Saveman Britt‐Inger , Boman Erika 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to illuminate the meaning of being a nurse in the archipelago.Methodological Design and JustificationA phenomenological hermeneutical design was applied, as there is a need to understand the lifeworld and the meaning of being a nurse in the archipelago.Ethical Issues and ApprovalApproval was granted by the Regional Ethical Committee and local management team. All participants provided consent to participate.Research MethodIndividual interviews were conducted with 11 nurses (Registered Nurses or primary health nurses). The interviews were transcribed, and the text was analysed by means of phenomenological hermeneutical method.ResultsThe analyses ended in one main theme: Standing alone on the frontline, and three themes: 1. Combating sea, weather and the clock with the sub‐themes: Fighting to give care to patients despite harsh conditions and Fighting against time; 2. Standing firm but wavering with the sub‐themes: Embracing the unexpected and Calling out for support; and 3. Being a lifeline throughout the entire lifespan with the sub‐themes: Having responsibility for the islanders and Having an intertwined private and work life.Study LimitationsThe interviews may be considered few, but the textual data were rich and assessed suitable for the analysis. The text may be interpreted differently, but we deemed our interpretation as more probable than others.ConclusionBeing a nurse in the archipelago means standing alone on the frontline. Nurses, other health professionals and managers need knowledge and insight about working alone and the moral responsibilities thereof. There is a need to support the nurses in their lonely work. Traditional means of consultations and support could preferably be supplemented by modern digital technology.
Sex‐dependent expression levels of VAV1 and P2X7 in PBMC of multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Rump Airi , Ratas Kristel , Lepasepp Tuuli Katarina , Suurväli Jaanus , Smolander Olli‐Pekka , Gross‐Paju Katrin , Toomsoo Toomas , Kanellopoulos Jean , Rüütel Boudinot Sirje 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system and the leading cause of progressive neurological disability in young adults. It decreases the patient's lifespan by about 10 years and affects women more than men. No medication entirely restricts or reverses neurological degradation. However, early diagnosis and treatment increase the possibility of a better outcome. To identify new MS biomarkers, we tested the expression of six potential markers (P2X4, P2X7, CXCR4, RGS1, RGS16 and VAV1) using qPCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of MS patients treated with interferon β (IFNβ), with glatiramer acetate (GA) or untreated. We showed that P2X7 and VAV1 are significantly induced in MS patients. In contrast, the expression of P2X4, CXCR4, RGS1 and RGS16 was not significantly modified by MS in PBMC. P2X7 and VAV1 are essentially induced in female patients, suggesting these markers are connected to sex‐specific mechanisms. Strikingly, VAV1 expression is higher in healthy women than healthy men and IFNβ treatment of MS reduced VAV1 expression in female MS patients while it up‐regulated VAV1 in male MS patients. Our data point to the differential, sex‐dependent value of MS markers and treatment effects. Although rgs16 expression in PBMC was not a valid MS marker in patients, the strong upregulation of P2X4 and P2X7 induced in the spinal cord of WT mice by EAE was abrogated in rgs16KO mice suggesting that rgs16 is required for P2X4 and P2X7 induction by neurological diseases.
Parental unconditional acceptance: An antidote to parental conditional regard
Authors: Tsang Kitty Ka Yee , Lam Shui‐fong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStudies around the world revealed that children's performance is a significant source of parents’ self‐worth. This phenomenon is particularly salient among Chinese parents because of the emphasis on interdependent self‐construal in a face culture. With child‐based worth, many parents feel compelled to use conditional regard to minimize children's failure and maximize success. Yet, parental conditional regard is notorious for its undermining effects on children's well‐being. This study aimed to investigate the antecedents and consequences of parental unconditional acceptance to children, an antidote to parental conditional regard. We conducted a priming experiment with 145 parents randomly assigned to child‐based worth or unconditional self‐acceptance conditions. Results showed that child‐based worth was an inhibitive factor, whereas unconditional self‐acceptance was a facilitative factor to parents’ provision of unconditional acceptance to children. Parents primed with unconditional self‐acceptance had more intention to provide unconditional acceptance to their children, and in turn had more authoritative responses to their children's undesirable behavior. Our findings have practical implications for parent education.