bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple metric for predicting repeated intimate partner violence harm based on the level of harm of the index offence (… as long as a non-linear statistic is applied)
Authors: Loewenstein Kristian Moesgaard , Ariel Barak , Harinam Vincent , Bland Matthew 
Published: January 2023

PurposeA recent body of evidence investigated repeated intimate partner violence (IPV) using crime harm indices (the severity of victimisation), instead of crime counts (the number of additional victimisation incidents). Yet, the predictive utility of harm scores in IPV remains unclear – except that high-harm IPV is not usually followed by any additional IPV incidents. The authors take cases of repeat IPV from North Zealand Police, Denmark, to predict subsequent IPV harm and counts based on the level of harm of the first reported IPV offence.Design/methodology/approachUsing the Danish crime harm index (CHI) to estimate harm levels, non-linear regression models are applied (due to the non-linear nature of the data) to show that the CHI level of the index offence validly predicts gains in future CHI but does not predict IPV counts.FindingsThe findings suggest that whilst high-harm IPV is a rare event and repeat high-harm IPV even rarer, when they do occur, escalation in harm is likely to occur.Practical implicationsA simple metric of harm of the first reported IPV offence can validly predict future harm – however, scholars should apply more fitting analytical techniques than crude descriptive statistics, which fail to take into account the non-linear distribution of police records.Originality/valueThis is the first study to show the value of predicting future harm based on prior harm in IPV.
Secukinumab‐induced oral lichen planus in a psoriatic arthritis patient ameliorated after a switch to risankizumab
Authors: Fujita Yasuyuki , Sugai Tatsuro , Maya Yuka , Inamura Emi , Hirano Yoko , Shimizu Satoko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLichen planus is a chronic T‐cell‐mediated disorder in which lymphocytes, including Th17 cells, react toward the dermo‐epidermal junction, which shows interface changes. Recently, IL‐17‐mediated changes in the oral mycobiome, including the proliferation of Candida and Aspergillus fungi, have been proposed as a possible pathomechanism of oral lichen planus (OLP). We treated a 54‐year‐old male who had been suffering from psoriatic arthritis. Secukinumab rapidly improved the skin and joint symptoms, but a painful erosion on the lip and thrush on the buccal mucosa appeared within 4 weeks. The erosion was histopathologically diagnosed as OLP. Although the candidiasis was successfully treated with topical miconazole nitrate, the labial OLP worsened during the secukinumab administration, despite the application of various topical agents. We finally switched from secukinumab to risankizumab, an anti‐IL‐23p19 agent, which dramatically improved the patient's OLP lesion in 4 weeks without candidiasis recurrence. Anti‐IL‐23p19 agents do not affect the oral mycobiome, and they are a potential therapeutic option for refractory OLP, including OLP induced by biologics.
Clinical characteristics and endoscopic treatment of pancreatitis caused by pancreaticobiliary malformation in Chinese children
Authors: Zhang Jia Yu , Deng Zhao Hui , Gong Biao 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesWe aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with pancreatitis caused by pancreaticobiliary malformation and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the diagnosis of the disease.MethodsMedical records of pediatric patients with pancreatitis related to pancreaticobiliary malformation diagnosed by ERCP and treated in our hospital between April 2008 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical manifestations, laboratory indicators, genetic testing results and imaging findings including MRCP were collected.ResultsOf the 148 patients with pancreaticobiliary malformation‐related pancreatitis, 90 (60.8%) had pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM), 52 (35.1%) had pancreatic divisum (PD), and six (4.1%) had annular pancreas (AnnP). Compared with the PD group, patients with PBM were younger (P < 0.001), and were more likely to have jaundice (P < 0.001) and fever (P = 0.034). Genetic mutation was found in 51.6% of patients with PD, 50.0% with AnnP, and 15.0% with PBM. Diagnostic rate of PBM, PD, and AnnP using MRCP was 46.7%, 15.4%, and 100%, respectively. In total, 87.8% of patients had symptomatic improvement after endoscopic treatment. ERCP‐related complications were observed in 28 out of the 260 procedures, including post‐ERCP pancreatitis (7.7%), infection (2.3%), and gastrointestinal bleeding (0.8%).ConclusionsPBM should be considered when jaundice and fever occur in pediatric patients. Genetic testing is recommended for those with PD and AnnP. The role of MRCP is limited in identifying pancreaticobiliary malformation in children. ERCP is effective and safe for the diagnosis and treatment for pediatric pancreatitis caused by pancreaticobiliary malformation.
Blood eosinophils during bronchiolitis: Associations with atopy, asthma and lung function in young adults
Authors: Sørensen Karen Galta , Øymar Knut , Dalen Ingvild , Halvorsen Thomas , Bruun Mikalsen Ingvild 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo study if blood eosinophils during bronchiolitis were associated with atopy, asthma and lung function in young adults and if these associations differed between respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis and non‐RSV bronchiolitis.MethodsThis historical cohort enrolled 225 subjects. Blood eosinophils were measured during bronchiolitis in infancy, and the subjects were invited to a follow‐up at 17–20 years of age including questionnaires for asthma and examinations of lung function and atopy.ResultsThe level of eosinophils was positively associated with subsequent atopy in the unadjusted analysis, but not in the adjusted analysis, and not with asthma. There was a negative association between the level of eosinophils and forced vital capacity (FVC) (−0.11; −0.19, −0.02) and forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) (−0.12; −0.21, −0.03) (regression coefficient; 95% confidence interval). The non‐RSV group had higher levels of eosinophils during bronchiolitis, but there was no interaction between the level of eosinophils and RSV status for any outcome.ConclusionsThe level of eosinophils during bronchiolitis was negatively associated with lung function in young adult age, but we found no associations with atopy or asthma. These associations were not different after RSV bronchiolitis compared to non‐RSV bronchiolitis.
Penalized optimal scaling for ordinal variables with an application to international classification of functioning core sets
Authors: Hoshiyar Aisouda , Kiers Henk A. L. , Gertheiss Jan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOrdinal data occur frequently in the social sciences. When applying principal component analysis (PCA), however, those data are often treated as numeric, implying linear relationships between the variables at hand; alternatively, non‐linear PCA is applied where the obtained quantifications are sometimes hard to interpret. Non‐linear PCA for categorical data, also called optimal scoring/scaling, constructs new variables by assigning numerical values to categories such that the proportion of variance in those new variables that is explained by a predefined number of principal components (PCs) is maximized. We propose a penalized version of non‐linear PCA for ordinal variables that is a smoothed intermediate between standard PCA on category labels and non‐linear PCA as used so far. The new approach is by no means limited to monotonic effects and offers both better interpretability of the non‐linear transformation of the category labels and better performance on validation data than unpenalized non‐linear PCA and/or standard linear PCA. In particular, an application of penalized optimal scaling to ordinal data as given with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is provided.
High‐stakes examinations and educational inequality: Evidence from transitory exposure to air pollution
Authors: Deng Hui , Du Rui , Guo Dongmei , Sun Weizeng , Xia Yuhuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe study the impact of transitory random disturbances to cognitive performance and a minimum‐passing‐score policy on access to graduate education among students who took a series of high‐stakes exams. Exploiting thermal inversions and individual fixed effects, we document significant adverse cognitive effects of transitory exposure to air pollution during the exam. The harmful cognitive effects permanently reduce students' chances of getting into graduate school, especially for marginal students who scored just below the cutoff score. Marginal students would be less affected by random disturbances and have more equal access to graduate education had such an exam policy not been adopted.
Mental, physical and sexual health in sexual minority third‐level students: Findings from My World Survey 2
Authors: Mahon Ciara , Fitzgerald Amanda , O'Reilly Aileen , Dooley Barbara 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsSexual minority youth experience health disparities across mental, physical and sexual domains. However, little is known about the extent to which mental health overlaps with sexual and physical health to compound health problems among sexual minority youth. This study examined risky health behaviours, adverse health outcomes, and their overlap across mental, physical and sexual domains, in lesbian, gay, bisexual, questioning (LGBQ) and heterosexual third‐level students in Ireland.MethodCross‐sectional data from the My World Survey 2‐Post Second Level (MWS2‐PSL) were used. Analyses were conducted on data from N = 7950 18–25‐year‐old students, of which 6204 (78%) identified as heterosexual, 910 (11.4%) bisexual, 412 (5.2%) lesbian/gay and 424 (5.3%) questioning. Risky health behaviours (e.g., self‐harm), adverse outcomes (e.g., mental health difficulties, physical health conditions) and their overlap across mental, physical and sexual domains were compared across heterosexual and LGBQ students using Chi‐square tests. Clustering of health behaviours/outcomes within and between domains were examined.ResultsLGBQ students were more likely to exhibit a greater number of risky mental and sexual health behaviours and outcomes. Sexual, physical and mental health behaviours and outcomes overlapped to a greater extent in LGBQ versus heterosexual students. Distinct health outcomes were observed across sexual minority subgroups (e.g., bisexual women reported greater mental health difficulties).ConclusionFindings demonstrate health inequalities experienced by LGBQ students, particularly across mental and sexual domains. Holistic integrated approaches that consider multiple health domains simultaneously and the distinct health needs of sexual minority subgroups are needed to promote greater health equity.
Primary hyperparathyroidism in horses: What can we learn from human medicine?
Authors: Johnson Philip J. , Townsend Kile S. 
Published: January 2023

SummaryEquine primary hyperparathyroidism is rare compared with the condition in human medicine where it is often encountered and represents the most common explanation for hypercalcemia in the outpatient setting. Primary hyperparathyroidism results from a hyperfunctioning parathyroid gland and surgical treatment (parathyroidectomy) is typically curative. Successful surgical removal of a diseased parathyroid gland can be challenging in horses as both normal and hyperfunctioning glands are difficult to localise. Identification of surgical targets using ultrasonography and/or Technetium‐99 m sestimibi scintigraphy are useful for this purpose in both the human and equine contexts. However, these localisation approaches are not always effective. Moreover, not all patients are candidates for general anaesthesia and surgery and the costs associated with diagnostic localisation and parathyroidectomy may be prohibitive for some owners. This commentary presents information about primary hyperparathyroidism in the event that it is not treated and strives to review aspects of the disease when left untreated from the human medical context.
Divergent clinical presentations and outcomes among children and adolescents with Kaposi sarcoma in Malawi and Tanzania
Authors: Campbell Liane R. , Silverstein Allison , Peckham‐Gregory Erin , Kamiyango William , Villiera Jimmy , McAtee Casey L. , Bacha Jason M. , Kovarik Carrie L. , Mehta Parth S. , Chanroo Toni , Kapesa Asulwisye , Malingoti Beatrice , Mzikamanda Rizine , Ozuah Nmazuo W. , Allen Carl E. , Scheurer Michael E. , El‐Mallawany Nader K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe Kaposi sarcoma (KS) T0 versus T1 staging classification does not address the unique clinical features of paediatric KS in human gammaherpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8) endemic regions of Africa. This study seeks to define patterns of childhood KS using a paediatric‐specific approach.MethodsThe Lilongwe paediatric KS staging classification categorizes disease based on clinical phenotype: stage 1 = mild/moderate KS limited to cutaneous/oral involvement, stage 2 = primarily lymphadenopathic disease, stage 3 = woody edema KS, stage 4 = visceral and/or severe/disseminated mucocutaneous disease. Characteristics and outcomes were evaluated from paediatric referral centres in Lilongwe, Malawi, and Mbeya, Tanzania.ResultsAmong 171 patients, the median age was 9.3 years, 37% (n = 63) were female, and 87% (n = 149) had HIV. Breakdown by stage was as follows: 18% (n = 31) stage 1, 33% (n = 56) stage 2, 19% (n = 33) stage 3, and 30% (n = 51) stage 4. Age (younger stage 2 and older stage 3), severe CD4 count suppression (lower CD4 for stages 1 and 4), and presence of severe anaemia and thrombocytopenia (worse for stages 2 and 4) differed across stages. Estimated 2‐year event‐free survival/progression‐free survival/overall survival by stage was as follows: stage 1, 81%/81%/87%; stage 2, 50%/50%/63%; stage 3, 24%/49%/81%; and stage 4, 29%/34%/54%. Sub‐analysis of stage 2 lymphadenopathic KS demonstrated superior long‐term 6‐year event‐free survival of 70% (95% confidence interval [CI] 49–83) for younger children (aged <7 years) versus 27% (95% CI 8–51) for older children.ConclusionsThis paediatric‐specific staging classification categorizes patients with distinct characteristics and patterns of treatment response. This platform may guide clinicians to provide risk‐stratified treatment with the hope of improving survival among children with KS.
The effect of adherence therapy on medication adherence, health beliefs, self‐efficacy, and depressive symptoms among patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder
Authors: Khalifeh Anas Husam , Alhalaiqa Fadwa Naji , Hamaideh Shaher Hamad , Horne Robert , Hamdan‐Mansour Ayman Mohammad 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTMedication adherence is a crucial health issue in major depressive disorder (MDD) that requires regular monitoring and attention. Hence, there are multiple reasons for medication non‐adherence among them. This study aimed to examine the effect of adherence therapy (AT) on medication adherence, health beliefs, self‐efficacy, and depressive symptoms among patients diagnosed with MDD. One group pretest‐posttest, repeated measures time‐series design was conducted. A sample of 32 patients was recruited conveniently; they received eight weekly sessions of AT. A self‐reported questionnaire was used to measure variables. The analysis showed that the mean scores of the baseline indicated non‐adherence, moderate general benefits beliefs about the medication, high beliefs that medication is harmful, high beliefs that doctors overuse medication, high beliefs about potential adverse effects from medication, low perception of MDD severity, and high threatening perception regarding MDD, a moderate degree of confidence in the ability to taking medications, and patients had moderately severe depressive symptoms (M = 16, 3.2, 3.1, 4.1, 3.8, 50, 3, 16 respectively). Over four measurement points, adherence therapy enhanced positive beliefs towards taking medication and illness, increased medication adherence self‐efficacy, improved medication adherence, and decreased depressive symptoms (F = 68.57–379.2, P < 0.001). These improvements were clinically significant in all variables immediately post‐AT but declined minimally over time. The study indicated that integrating AT as part of the pre‐discharge protocol is one core component to sustaining positive healthcare outcomes. Continuous efforts should be paid in terms of the long‐term sustainability of an intervention to enhance adherence and clinical outcomes.
Learning with the Natural Environment: How Walking with Nature Can Actively Shape Creativity and Contribute to Holistic Learning
Authors: Mäkelä Maarit , Aktaş Bilge Merve 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLearning takes place in various spaces through human and nonhuman interactions. Considering the urgent need for rethinking how humans relate to nature, in this article we present a MA level course in the context of art, craft and design to discuss how learning with the natural environment approach can impact learning experiences. We introduce walking with nature as a creative method that fosters students’ ability to let the environment actively shape their creative events. The encounter with nature‐based materials in their different forms and following the material's flow provides students with a foundation for their creative processes. This study proposes that walking can facilitate the entanglement between the student's knowledge and encountered materials, generating an emotional and dialogical relationship with the natural environment that contributes to a holistic learning experience. We propose that such an experience can help in comprehending the importance of the caring actions we need to take and maintain towards the nonhuman world.
Approaches to minimize tooth staining associated with silver diamine fluoride: A systematic review
Authors: Asghar Mehmood , Omar Ros Anita , Yahya Rosiyah , Yap Adrian Ujin , Shaikh Muhammad Saad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo the effectiveness of different strategies to overcome silver diamine fluoride (SDF)‐mediated tooth staining.Materials and MethodsFour online databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched using different MeSH terms and Boolean Operators to retrieve the articles (until June 2021), followed by a hand‐search of the reference list of the included articles. All full‐text, original studies in English that evaluated SDF staining and at least one SDF modification/alternative were included.ResultsAmong the assessed studies, nine studies explored the stain‐minimization effect of potassium iodide (KI) post‐application following SDF treatment. Among these, eight concluded that KI application after SDF treatment significantly reduced tooth staining, while one showed marginal staining following glass ionomer restoration of the SDF‐treated dentine. Additionally, one study applied potassium fluoride (KF) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) concurrently to mitigate SDF‐mediated staining. One study compared SDF staining with polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐coated nanoparticles containing sodium fluoride (NaF), and another used nanosilver fluoride (NSF) for staining comparison with SDF.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, the addition of different materials to SDF has proven to be a beneficial strategy for overcoming tooth staining associated with SDF. Future studies are warranted, particularly clinical trials, to validate these findings.Clinical SignificanceSDF‐mediated tooth staining is a serious concern that limits its clinical use. A review of various strategies to overcome this problem will help clinicians enhance its clinical use and patient acceptance.
Short‐term intra‐individual variation of urinary biomarkers in dogs with stable chronic kidney disease
Authors: Chen Hilla , Maron Lotem , Segev Gilad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundActive‐ongoing kidney damage is present in animals with stable chronic kidney disease (CKD), as reflected by biomarkers in urine. Interpretation of serial messurements of biomarkers requires knowledge of its intra‐individual variation.AimsTo evaluate the short‐term intra‐individual variation of urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule‐1 (uNGAL, uKIM‐1, respectively) in dogs with stable CKD, and to determine whether normalization to urinary creatinine (uCr) decreases variation.AnimalsTwenty‐five dogs with naturally‐occurring stable CKD.MethodsProspective, observational study. Dogs were diagnosed with CKD based on the International Renal Interest Society guidelines. Dogs were included only if the variation in serum creatinine concentration was <25% on at least 2 measurements during the 3 months preceding inclusion, and only if serum creatinine variation was <20% during the 14‐day study period. Urine samples were collected on days 0, 4, 10 and 14. uNGAL and uKIM‐1 were measured using ELISA.ResultsThe median coefficients of variation (CV) of uNGAL and uNGAL/uCr were 42% (range, 7%‐127%), and 44% (range, 8%‐100%), respectively, and the CV 90th percentiles were 97% and 83%, respectively. The median CV of uKIM‐1 and uKIM‐1/uCr were 29% (range, 16%‐91%), and 23% (range, 6%‐76%), respectively, and the CV 90th percentiles were 56% and 52%, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceChanges of >100% and >60% for uNGAL and uKIM‐1, respectively, in serial measurements are higher than the normal expected variation and therefore might indicate need for further investigation for underlying causes of kidney damage.
Optimal investment with correlated stochastic volatility factors
Authors: Bichuch Maxim , Fouque Jean‐Pierre 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe problem of portfolio allocation in the context of stocks evolving in random environments, that is with volatility and returns depending on random factors, has attracted a lot of attention. The problem of maximizing a power utility at a terminal time with only one random factor can be linearized thanks to a classical distortion transformation. In the present paper, we address the situation with several factors using a perturbation technique around the case where these factors are perfectly correlated reducing the problem to the case with a single factor. Our proposed approximation requires to solve numerically two linear equations in lower dimension instead of a fully nonlinear HJB equation. A rigorous accuracy result is derived by constructing sub‐ and super‐solutions so that their difference is at the desired order of accuracy. We illustrate our result with a particular model for which we have explicit formulas for the approximation. In order to keep the notations as explicit as possible, we treat the case with one stock and two factors and we describe an extension to the case with two stocks and two factors.