bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of gas evolution and dissolution process
Authors: Jiang Dan , Zhao Wenting , Jiang Shangbin , Guo Qing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Changes in pressure above the saturated liquid in an airtight container can cause gas evolution and dissolution. In this study, a mathematical model was developed based on the relationship between the amount of dissolved gas and saturated solution pressure according to Henry’s law. The model can be utilized to predict changes in the pressure above the liquid, the rate of gas evolution and dissolution, and variations in free gas as the under- (over-)saturated solution reaches the saturated solution. The proposed model was built according to the solubility constant, gas-liquid volume ratio, initial equilibrium pressure of the saturated solution, and the half-life of gas evolution and dissolution. An experiment was also conducted to investigate gas evolution and dissolution; the setup included an electric vibration platform and an airtight container used to generate vibration. When the measured pressure above the liquid showed no change in the airtight container under sustained vibration, an equilibrium state was considered to be achieved. With industrial gear oil, anti-wear hydraulic oil, and water, respectively, as subjects, changes in the pressure and half-life period of gas evolution and dissolution in each liquid were measured under various gas-liquid volume ratios. Comparison against the experimental data and mathematical model pressure curves validated the models feasibility and effectiveness, and revealed that the half-life of gas evolution and dissolution decreases as the gas-liquid volume ratio increases.
Investigation of fractal fractional nonlinear Korteweg-de-Vries-Schrödinger system with power law kernel
Authors: Khan Asif , Khan Abid Ullah , Ahmad Shabir 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this research article, we invetsigate the Schrödinger-KdV equation under Caputo fractal fractional (FF) operator. We analyze and prove the existence, uniqueness and convergence of the solution via fixed point theory and nonlinear functional analysis. We apply the Yang transform homotopy perturbation method (YTHPM) to solve the Schrödinger-KdV equation with Caputo FF operator. Using the YTHPM, we derive an approximate solution to the Schrödinger-KdV equation and provide graphical representations of the result to showcase the behaviour of solution for various sets of fractional and fractal orders. Our findings and error analysis demonstrate that the YTHPM and the Caputo fractal-fractional operator are effective in solving the Schrödinger-KdV equation.
Analysis of a fire extinguishing model with a p-Laplacian operator and with non-linear advection and reaction
Authors: Díaz Palencia José Luis , Reyes Enrique G 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe provide a new model to describe the fire extinguisher dynamics in an aircraft engine nacelle. We connect the mathematical properties introduced by a non-linear operator with the physical mechanisms of a fire extinguishing process. Some discussions about diffusion and non-linear parabolic operators are carried out to justify the governing equation. In addition, the model introduces phenomena like forced convection and fast reaction to account for the discharge of pressurized fire suppressant agent that is released from the fire bottles. The driving equation is firstly discussed analytically to obtain existence and uniqueness results concerning weak solutions. Afterward, we explore profiles of solutions and a characterization of the propagating extinguisher front is introduced. In order to provide a validity note on the analytical conceptions used, a flight test has been executed. Based on this, we obtain particular values for the parameters involved in the model. The proposed assessments permit to obtain different time levels, for which the suppressant agent extinguishes a fire. Such times depend strongly on the involved physical processes connected with diffusion, forced convection and reaction.
The Hurwitz-Hopf map and harmonic wave functions for integer and half-integer angular momentum
Authors: Hojman Sergio A , Nahmad-Achar Eduardo , Sánchez-Valenzuela Adolfo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Harmonic wave functions for integer and half-integer angular momentum are given in terms of the Euler angles (θ, ϕ, ψ) that define a rotation in SO(3), and the Euclidean norm r in

R

3

, keeping the usual meaning of the spherical coordinates (r, θ, ϕ). They form a Hilbert (super)-space decomposed in the form


=



0

⊕



1

. Following a classical work by Schwinger, 2-dimensional harmonic oscillators are used to produce raising and lowering operators that change the total angular momentum eigenvalue of the wave functions in half units. The nature of the representation space



is approached from the double covering group homomorphism SU(2) → SO(3) and the topology involved is taken care of by using the Hurwitz-Hopf map

H
:

R

4

→

R

3

. It is shown how to reconsider H as a 2-to-1 group map,

G

0

=

R

+

×
SU
(
2
)
→

R

+

×
SO
(
3
)

, translating it into an assignment (z
1, z
2) ↦ (r, θ, ϕ, ψ) whose domain consists of pairs (z
1, z
2) of complex variables, under the appropriate identification of

R

4

with

C

2

. It is shown how the Lie algebra of G
0 is coupled with two Heisenberg Lie algebras of 2-dimensional (Schwinger’s) harmonic oscillators generated by the operators

{

z

1

,

z

2

,

z

¯

1

,

z

¯

2

}

and their adjoints. The whole set of operators gets algebraically closed either into a 13-dimensional Lie algebra or into a (4∣8)-dimensional Lie superalgebra. The wave functions in



can be written in terms of polynomials in the complex coordinates (z
1, z
2) and their complex conjugates

(

z

¯

1

,

z

¯

2

)

and the representations are explicitly constructed via the various highest weight (or lowest weight) vector representations of G
0. Finally, a new nonrelativistic quantum (Schrödinger-like) equation for the hydrogen atom that takes into account the electron spin is introduced and expressed in terms of (r, θ, ϕ, ψ) and the time t. The equation is succeptible to be solved exactly in terms of the harmonic wave functions hereby introduced.
Bayesian filtering for model predictive control of stochastic gene expression in single cells
Authors: Fox Zachary R , Batt Gregory , Ruess Jakob 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study describes a method for controlling the production of protein in individual cells using stochastic models of gene expression. By combining modern microscopy platforms with optogenetic gene expression, experimentalists are able to accurately apply light to individual cells, which can induce protein production. Here we use a finite state projection based stochastic model of gene expression, along with Bayesian state estimation to control protein copy numbers within individual cells. We compare this method to previous methods that use population based approaches. We also demonstrate the ability of this control strategy to ameliorate discrepancies between the predictions of a deterministic model and stochastic switching system.
A Quasi-periodic Oscillation of ∼4.6 yr in the Radio Light Curves of Blazar PKS 0607-157
Authors: Li Xiao-Pan , Yang Hai-Yan , Cai Yan , Song Xie-Fei , Yang Hai-Tao , Shan Yu-Qiong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We present periodicity search analyses on long-term radio light curves at 4.8, 8, and 14.5 GHz of blazar PKS 0607–157 observed by the University of Michigan Radio Astronomical Observatory telescope. The highly variable radio emissions are approximately distributed as a log-normal probability distribution function. The Power Spectral Density for the radio light curves can be well characterized by a power-law model. Using the Weighted Wavelet Z-transform and Lomb-Scargle periodogram methods, significant Quasi-periodic Oscillation (QPO) of ∼4.6 yr in the radio light curve has been observed above the 3σ confidence level, which presents an interesting case among blazar QPO phenomena. We explore three plausible physical models to explain the observed QPOs: a supermassive binary black hole system, Lense-Thirring precession of the disk, and helical motion of plasma blobs within the jet.
LSTM-enhanced multi-view dynamical emotion graph representation for EEG signal recognition
Authors: Xu Guixun , Guo Wenhui , Wang Yanjiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective and Significance: This paper proposes an LSTM-enhanced multi-view dynamic emotion graph representation model, which not only integrates the relationship between electrode channels into electroencephalogram (EEG) signal processing to extract multi-dimensional spatial topology information but also retains abundant temporal information of EEG signals. Approach: Specifically, the proposed model mainly includes two branches: a dynamic learning of multiple graph representation information branch and a branch that could learn the time-series information with memory function. First, the preprocessed EEG signals are input into these two branches, and through the former branch, multiple graph representations suitable for EEG signals can be found dynamically, so that the graph feature representations under multiple views are mined. Through the latter branch, it can be determined which information needs to be remembered and which to be forgotten, so as to obtain effective sequence information. Then the features of the two branches are fused via the mean fusion operator to obtain richer and more discriminative EEG spatiotemporal features to improve the performance of signal recognition. Main results: Finally, extensive subject-independent experiments are conducted on SEED, SEED-IV, and Database for Emotion Analysis using Physiological Signals datasets to evaluate model performance. Results reveal the proposed method could better recognize EEG emotional signals compared to other state-of-the-art methods.
Self-assembled peptide nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy: morphological and mechanical effects on hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Guo Xiaobo , Liu Di , Dong Siyuan , Wang Yuyang , Li Meng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Self-assembling peptides, offering favorable biocompatibility, high stability, and easy incorporation of various functionalities, have demonstrated enormous potential for the precise design of next-generation nanodrugs for non-invasive tumor therapy. Peptide-based supramolecular photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown great promise as an emerging modality for cancer treatment, achieving substantially-enhanced photosensitizer delivery selectivity and treatment efficacy, based on peptide biological activity and self-assembly potential. Although considerable research has been conducted toward fabricating self-assembling peptide-based smart nanodrugs for PDT, few studies have investigated cellular biophysical responses as indicators of tumor function and metabolic state. Here, via atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based morphological and mechanical measurements, including optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, we observed, for the first time, variation in membrane stiffness of human liver (HepG2) cancer cells treated with self-assembling peptides serving as a PDT nanodrug. This biophysical information will help to establish a comprehensive understanding of the anticancer effect of peptide-based smart nanodrugs, and highlight the exceptional ability of AFM in determining cell-surface properties.
Variation in albedo and other vegetation characteristics in non-forested northern ecosystems: the role of lichens and mosses
Authors: Finne Eirik A , Bjerke Jarle W , Erlandsson Rasmus , Tømmervik Hans , Stordal Frode , Tallaksen Lena M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Vegetation has a profound impact on climate through complex interactions and feedback loops, where especially regulation of albedo, the ratio of reflected to incoming solar radiation, is important at high latitudes. How vegetation albedo varies along environmental gradients in tundra ecosystems is still not well understood, particularly for ecosystems dominated by nonvascular vegetation. We studied broadband shortwave albedo of open boreal, arctic, and alpine ecosystems over a 2000 km long latitudinal gradient (60° N–79° N) and contrasted this against species composition, vegetation greenness (normalised difference vegetation index—NDVI), momentary ecosystem CO2 fluxes and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) grazing pressure. High cover of pale terricolous fruticose lichens was the single most important predictor for vegetation albedo, which had a maximum value of 0.389 under clear sky conditions and solar zenith angle 60°. To our knowledge, this is the highest broadband albedo recorded for a vegetated surface. NDVI was negatively correlated to lichen biomass (rs
= −0.56), and albedo (rs
= −0.19). Gross primary production and ecosystem respiration varied considerably less between plots and vegetation types than albedo. While it is well-known that Rangifer affects climate-relevant aboveground biomass, we here show that its regulation of surface albedo in northern ecosystems may also be of high importance for land-atmosphere interactions. The data presented here thus advocate for an increased understanding of the important and complex role of herbivores and lichen cover in climate-vegetation interactions.
The tropical Indian Ocean matters for U. S. winter precipitation variability and predictability
Authors: Hu Zeng-Zhen , Kumar Arun , Jha Bhaskar , Chen Mingyue , Wang Wanqiu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the key predictor for operational seasonal climate prediction in the United States (U. S.). Compared with the impact of the tropical Pacific associated with ENSO, the role of the Indian Ocean on U. S. climate variability and predictability is less documented. In this work, we noted that the impact of the tropical Indian Ocean is stronger than the tropical Pacific on winter precipitation variability in a part of the southeastern contiguous U. S. (CONUS), mainly including Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Alabama. Different from the north-south contrastive impact of ENSO, the influence of the Indian Ocean is confined to the southeastern CONUS. Basin-wide warming (cooling) in the tropical Indian Ocean is tied to above (below) normal winter precipitation in the southeastern CONUS. The observed relationship is reproduced in model forecasts and simulations. Physically, Indian Ocean heating anomaly communicates its influence by inducing a teleconnection from the Indian Ocean to the North Atlantic Ocean via the North Pacific. The connection provides an additional source of predictability of the winter precipitation in CONUS, and monitoring the heat condition in the Indian Ocean may benefit winter precipitation prediction in the southeastern CONUS.
Wind mediates the responses of net ecosystem carbon balance to climatic change in a temperate semiarid steppe of Northern China
Authors: Zhang Tong , Xu Xia , Jiang Honglei , Xia Haoyu , Huang Yiqin , Guo Shitong , Xu Xiaoqing , Xu Jiayu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
As an important carbon sink to mitigate global climate change, the role of arid and semiarid grassland ecosystem has been widely reported. Precipitation and temperature changes have a dramatic impact on the carbon balance. However, the study of wind speed has long been neglected. Intuitively, wind speed regulates the carbon balance of grassland ecosystems by affecting the opening of vegetation stomata as well as near-surface moisture and temperature. It is sufficient that there is a need to conduct field observations to explore the effect of wind speed on the carbon balance in arid and semiarid grassland. Therefore, we conducted observations of carbon fluxes and corresponding climate factors using an eddy covariance system in a typical steppe in Inner Mongolia from 2017 to 2021. The research contents include that, (i) we depicted the changing patterns of carbon fluxes and climate factors at multiple time scales; (ii) we simulated the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) based rectangular hyperbolic model and compared it with the observed net ecosystem exchange values; (iii) we quantified the mediated effect of wind speed on NECB by adopting structural equation modeling; (iv) we used the constrained line method to explore what wind speed intervals might have the greatest carbon sequestration capacity of vegetation. The results were as follows, (i) the values of NECB for the five years of the study period were 101.95, −48.21, −52.57, −67.78, and −30.00 g C m−2 yr−1, respectively; (ii) if we exclude the inorganic carbon component of the ecosystem, we would underestimate the annual carbon balance by 41.25, 2.36, 20.59, 22.06 and 43.94 g C m−2 yr−1; (iii) the daytime wind speed during the growing season mainly influenced the NECB of the ecosystem by regulating soil temperature and vapor pressure deficit, with a contribution rate as high as 0.41; (iv) the grassland ecosystem had the most robust carbon sequestration capacity of 4.75 μmol m−2 s−1 when the wind speed was 2–3 m s−1. This study demonstrated the significant implications of wind speed variations on grassland ecosystems.
Ultrafast dynamics of bright and dark excitons in monolayer WSe2 and heterobilayer WSe2/MoS2
Authors: Bange Jan Philipp , Werner Paul , Schmitt David , Bennecke Wiebke , Meneghini Giuseppe , AlMutairi AbdulAziz , Merboldt Marco , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Steil Sabine , Steil Daniel , Weitz R Thomas , Hofmann Stephan , Jansen G S Matthijs , Brem Samuel , Malic Ermin , Reutzel Marcel , Mathias Stefan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The energy landscape of optical excitations in mono- and few-layer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is dominated by optically bright and dark excitons. These excitons can be fully localized within a single TMD layer, or the electron- and the hole-component of the exciton can be charge-separated over multiple TMD layers. Such intra- or interlayer excitons have been characterized in detail using all-optical spectroscopies, and, more recently, photoemission spectroscopy. In addition, there are so-called hybrid excitons whose electron- and/or hole-component are delocalized over two or more TMD layers, and therefore provide a promising pathway to mediate charge-transfer processes across the TMD interface. Hence, an in-situ characterization of their energy landscape and dynamics is of vital interest. In this work, using femtosecond momentum microscopy combined with many-particle modeling, we quantitatively compare the dynamics of momentum-indirect intralayer excitons in monolayer WSe2 with the dynamics of momentum-indirect hybrid excitons in heterobilayer WSe2/MoS2, and draw three key conclusions: First, we find that the energy of hybrid excitons is reduced when compared to excitons with pure intralayer character. Second, we show that the momentum-indirect intralayer and hybrid excitons are formed via exciton-phonon scattering from optically excited bright excitons. And third, we demonstrate that the efficiency for phonon absorption and emission processes in the mono- and the heterobilayer is strongly dependent on the energy alignment of the intralayer and hybrid excitons with respect to the optically excited bright exciton. Overall, our work provides microscopic insights into exciton dynamics in TMD mono- and bilayers.
On validity and limits of deducing the degree of charge transfer from shifts of cyano vibrations
Authors: Berteau-Rainville Melissa , Orgiu Emanuele , Salzmann Ingo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Understanding the p-doping of organic semiconductors often relies on spectroscopic fingerprints of cyano vibrations, which strongly depend on the charge state of the dopant molecule following intermolecular charge transfer. Interpreting these vibrations can be difficult as a number of other factors can impact them. Here, we formalize the assumptions behind the determination of molecular charge from cyano vibrations and we use computational modeling to demonstrate key obfuscating factors in this process. We notably demonstrate that cyano vibrations do not necessarily shift linearly with the molecular charge and investigate which molecular parameters can explain that. Finally, we provide guidelines for the study of charge transfers involving new molecular dopants based on their cyano vibrations.
Animal Warfare Law and the Need for an Animal Law of Peace: A Comparative Reconstruction
Authors: Stucki Saskia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This Article puts forward a novel analogy between animal welfare law and international humanitarian law—two seemingly unrelated bodies of law that are both marked by the aporia of humanizing the inhumane. Through the comparative lens of the international laws of war and peace, this Article argues that existing animal welfare law is best understood as a kind of warfare law that regulates violent activities within an ongoing “war on animals.” It further submits that this animal warfare law needs to be complemented and counterbalanced by an animal law of peace, consisting of a jus animalis contra bellum and peacetime animal rights.
Selection on the Fly: Short-Term Adaptation to an Altered Sexual Selection Regime inDrosophila pseudoobscura
Authors: Barata Carolina , Snook Rhonda R , Ritchie Michael G , Kosiol Carolin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExperimental evolution studies are powerful approaches to examine the evolutionary history of lab populations. Such studies have shed light on how selection changes phenotypes and genotypes. Most of these studies have not examined the time course of adaptation under sexual selection manipulation, by resequencing the populations’ genomes at multiple time points. Here, we analyze allele frequency trajectories in Drosophila pseudoobscura where we altered their sexual selection regime for 200 generations and sequenced pooled populations at 5 time points. The intensity of sexual selection was either relaxed in monogamous populations (M) or elevated in polyandrous lines (E). We present a comprehensive study of how selection alters population genetics parameters at the chromosome and gene level. We investigate differences in the effective population size—Ne—between the treatments, and perform a genome-wide scan to identify signatures of selection from the time-series data. We found genomic signatures of adaptation to both regimes in D. pseudoobscura. There are more significant variants in E lines as expected from stronger sexual selection. However, we found that the response on the X chromosome was substantial in both treatments, more pronounced in E and restricted to the more recently sex-linked chromosome arm XR in M. In the first generations of experimental evolution, we estimate Ne to be lower on the X in E lines, which might indicate a swift adaptive response at the onset of selection. Additionally, the third chromosome was affected by elevated polyandry whereby its distal end harbors a region showing a strong signal of adaptive evolution especially in E lines.