bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracing the change and the contribution of subcutaneous adipose to skin expansion using a luciferase-transgenic fat transplantation model
Authors: Zhou Shuang-Bai , Zhang Pei-Qi , Zhang Xiao-Jie , Tan Poh-Ching , Kobayashi Eiji , Li Qing-Feng 
Published: May 2023

Background:
During skin expansion, subcutaneous adipose tissue undergoes the greatest change. The adipose layer appears to gradually thin or even disappear in long-term expansion. The response and contribution of adipose tissue to skin expansion remain to be elucidated.

Methods:
We established a novel expansion model by transplanting luciferase-transgenic (Tg) adipose tissue into the rat dorsum followed by integrated expansion. We traced the dynamic changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue during expansion and the migration of adipose tissue-derived cells. In vivo luminescent imaging was performed to continuously track the adipose tissue changes. Histological analysis and immunohistochemical staining were performed to evaluate the regeneration and vascularization of the expanded skin. Growth factor expression in expanded skin with or without adipose tissue was determined to evaluate the paracrine effect of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue-derived cells were traced in vitro by anti-luciferase staining, and their fate was determined by costaining for PDGFRα, DLK1 and CD31.

Results:
In vivo bioimaging showed that cells in adipose tissue were alive during expansion. After expansion, the adipose tissue exhibited fibrotic-like structures, with more DLK1+ preadipocytes. Skin expanded with adipose tissue was significantly thicker than that without adipose tissue, with more blood vessels and cell proliferation. Vegf, Egf and bFgf expression was higher in adipose tissue than in skin, indicating paracrine support from adipose tissue. Luc+ adipose tissue-derived cells were observed in expanded skin, indicating direct participation in skin regeneration.

Conclusion:
Adipose tissue transplantation can effectively promote long-term skin expansion by contributing to vascularization and cell proliferation via various mechanisms.

Clinical Relevance Statement:
Our findings suggest that it would be better if the expander pocket is dissected over the superficial fascia to preserve a layer of adipose tissue with skin. Additionally, our findings support the treatment of fat grafting when expanded skin presents thinning.
Efficacy of Antithrombotic Therapy and Risk of Hemorrhagic Complication in Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury Patients with Concomitant Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: D’Souza Karan , Norman Mathew , Rebchuk Alexander D , Samarasinghe Nadeesha , Hounjet Celine D , Griesdale Donald EG , Joos Emilie , Field Thalia S 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
The risk-benefit balance of antithrombotic therapy administration for blunt cerebrovascular injuries (BCVI) patients with concomitant injuries at high risk for bleeding is an ongoing therapeutic conundrum for trauma clinicians. We performed a systematic review to assess the reported efficacy and safety of treatment in this population with respect to prevention of ischemic stroke and risk of hemorrhagic complications.

Study Design:
A systematic electronic literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases was performed from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2021. Studies were included if they reported treatment-stratified clinical outcomes after antithrombotic therapy in BCVI patients with concomitant injuries at high risk of bleeding into a critical site. Data were extracted from selected studies by two independent reviewers, including the main outcomes of interest were BCVI-related ischemic stroke rates and rates of hemorrhagic complications.

Results
Of 5999 studies reviewed, 10 reported on the effects of treating BCVI patients with concurrent traumatic injuries and were included for review. In the pooled data, amongst patients with BCVI and concomitant injury who received any form of antithrombotic therapy, the BCVI-related stroke rate was 7.6%. In the sub-group of patients who did not receive therapy had an overall BCVI-related stroke rate of 34%. The total rate of hemorrhagic complications in the treated population was 3.4%.

Conclusions
In BCVI patients with concomitant injuries at high risk for bleeding, antithrombotic use reduces the risk of ischemic strokes with a low reported risk of serious hemorrhagic complications.
Genome-wide by environment interaction studies of maternal smoking and educational score in UK biobank
Authors: Huang Huimei , Liu Li , Feng Fenling , Sun Hongli , Li Fei , Wu Haibin , Liang Chujun , Chu Xiaomeng , Ning Yujie , Zhang Feng 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the associations between maternal smoking (MS) and education score in adult offspring.

Methods
To better understand this link, we performed a two-stage genome-wide by environment interaction studies (GWEIS) of MS and offspring education score in UK Biobank cohort. Specifically, 276 996 subjects from England were enrolled in the discovery study, while 24 355 subjects from Scotland and 14 526 subjects from Wales were enrolled in the replication study. GWEIS were conducted by PLINK 2.0 with MS used as an environmental risk factor.

Results
Significant GWEIS associations (P < 0.0001) between MS and offspring education score in both the discovery cohort and two replicate cohorts (Scotland population and Wales population) were identified. GWEIS identified 2 independent significant single nucleotide polymorphism–MS interaction, with one variant located in the chromosomal 16 (rs72768988, Position: 22,768,798, P = 1.22 × 10-8, β = 6.7662) and the other one located in 2q32.3 region (2 : 196424612_GT_G, Position: 196 424 612, 3.60 × 10-9, β = −0.4721).

Conclusion
Our results suggested 2q32.3 region and HECW2 gene could negatively moderate the influence of MS on offspring's educational status.
Wastewater Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in an Atlanta, Georgia Jail: A study of the feasibility of wastewater monitoring and correlation of building wastewater and individual testing results
Authors: Saber Lindsay B. , Kennedy Shanika , Yang Yixin , Moore Kyler , Wang Yuke , Hilton Stephen P. , Chang Tylis , Liu Pengbo , Phillips Victoria L. , Akiyama Matthew J. , Moe Christine L. , Spaulding Anne C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundWastewater-based surveillance (WBS) on an institutional level was implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic, including carceral facilities. In this study of a mega-jail, we examined the relationship between COVID-19 diagnostic test results from jail residents and the PCR signal for SARS-CoV-2 detection in weekly samples of jail wastewater over a 28-week period.MethodsThis study in a Georgia Jail (average population ∼2,700) was conducted October 2021-May 2022. Weekly on-site wastewater samples were collected (Moore Swabs) and tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA using RTqPCR. The source of wastewater was identified using a tracer dye. The jail offered residents rapid antigen testing at entry. We conducted periodic mass screenings via RT-PCR of nasal swabs. We aggregated individual test data, calculated the Spearman correlation coefficient, and performed logistic regression to examine the relationship between the strength of the SARS-CoV-2 PCR signal (Ct value) in wastewater and the proportion of the jail population that tested positive for COVID-19.ResultsOverall, 3770 individual nasal specimens were collected; 3.4% were COVID-positive. Weekly diagnostic test positivity ranged from 0%-29.5%. Dye tests demonstrated that a single wastewater collection point was sufficiently representative of the jail’s aggregate viral load. Twenty-five wastewater samples were collected. RT-qPCR Ct values for wastewater samples with SARS-CoV-2 RNA ranged from 28.1-39.9. A strong inverse correlation was observed between diagnostic test positivity and Ct value (r= −0.67, p < 0.01).ConclusionWBS was shown to be an effective strategy for surveilling COVID-19 in a large jail. Strong partnerships with the jail administration are essential to the success of WBS surveillance.Key PointsMonitoring the wastewater of a large jail can be effective for infectious disease surveillance.To diagnose COVID-19, jail residents used self-collected nasal specimens.There was a strong correlation between the prevalence of COVID-19 cases and the SARS-CoV-2 PCR signal in wastewater samples from the jail.
A process evaluation of integrated service delivery of self-collected HPV-based cervical cancer screening using RE-AIM in the ASPIRE Mayuge pragmatic randomized trial
Authors: Mithani Nadia , Gottschlich Anna , Payne Beth A. , Trawin Jessica , Albert Arianne , Jeronimo Jose , Mitchell-Foster Sheona , Namugosa Ruth , Naguti Priscilla , Rawat Angeli , Simelela Princess Nothemba , Singer Joel , Smith Laurie W. , van Niekerk Dirk , Orem Jackson , Nakisige Carolyn , Ogilvie Gina 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundIn many low-resourced settings, self-collected HPV-based cervical cancer screening (SCS) is being rolled out through task shifting to community health workers (CHWs). Process evaluations are needed to ensure SCS programs are effective and translate to community-based contexts.MethodsThe Advances in Screening and Prevention in Reproductive Cancers (ASPIRE) study in Mayuge, Uganda was a two-arm, pragmatic randomized trial comparing two SCS implementation strategies facilitated by CHWs: Door-to-door and Community health day recruitment. This adjunct study uses the RE-AIM evaluation framework to assess the Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance of each implementation strategy in a subpopulation using process data collected throughout the trial.ResultsOf the trial population (n=2019), 781 women participated in both the baseline and exit surveys (door-to-door: n=406; community health day: n=375) and are included in this analysis. Both implementation strategies demonstrated high Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance. Trial consent rate was high and 100% of consenting participants in both arms participated in SCS (Reach). Follow-up rates among HPV positive participants were also high in both arms (door-to-door: 84% and community health day: 74%) (Efficacy). The intervention employed 61 CHWs, 7 nurses, 3 health facilities and other local staff within the health system to implement the intervention (Adoption). The community health day arm received HPV screening results and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) quicker than the door-to-door arm, but reported higher dissatisfaction with wait times (Implementation). While women had knowledge of cervical cancer symptoms and prevention measures at six-months post-intervention, no one in either arm recalled that cervical cancer could be asymptomatic (Maintenance).ConclusionBoth SCS implementation strategies performed well, demonstrating high Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance throughout participating communities. Implementing pragmatic approaches including task-shifting to CHWs can reduce health worker burden and improve screening access in low-resourced, community-based settings.
ChatGPT in Occupational Medicine: A Comparative Study with Human Experts
Authors: Padovan Martina , Cosci Bianca , Petillo Armando , Nerli Gianluca , Porciatti Francesco , Scarinci Sergio , Carlucci Francesco , Dell’Amico Letizia , Meliani Niccolo’ , Necciari Gabriele , Lucisano Vincenzo Carmelo , Marino Riccardo , Foddis Rudy , Palla Alessandro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study is to evaluate ChatGPT’s accuracy and reliability in answering complex medical questions related to occupational health and to explore the implications and limitations of AI in occupational health medicine while providing recommendations for future research in this area and informing decision-makers about AI impact in healthcare.MethodsA group of physicians was enlisted to create a dataset of questions and answers on Italian occupational medicine legislation. They were divided into two teams, each assigned to a different subject area. ChatGPT was used to generate answers for each question with/without legislative context. The doctors evaluatedhumanand generated answers in blind, with both teams reviewing each other’s work.ResultsOccupational physicians perform better than ChatGPT in generating accurate questions on a 5-point likert score, while ChatGPT with access to legislative context is comparable to professional doctors in providing complete answers. Still, we found that users tend to prefer answers generated by humans, indicating that while ChatGPT is useful, users still value the opinions of occupational medicine professionals.ConclusionsThe study evaluated ChatGPT’s effectiveness in occupational medicine and identified crucial factors for its responsible use. It emphasizes ongoing dialogue and reflection for AI development in healthcare. ChatGPT provides 24/7 assistance to occupational physicians, increasing efficiency and reducing costs, monitoring workers’ health, and offering personalized service. It has the potential to transform occupational medicine and create safer work environments.
Natural Language Processing for the Ascertainment and Phenotyping of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy on Echocardiogram Reports
Authors: Berman Adam N. , Ginder Curtis , Sporn Zachary A. , Tanguturi Varsha , Hidrue Michael K. , Borden Linnea R. , Zhao Yunong , Blankstein Ron , Turchin Alexander , Wasfy Jason H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveExtracting and accurately phenotyping electronic health documentation is critical for medical research and clinical care. While there are a variety of techniques to accomplish this task, natural language processing (NLP) has been developed for numerous domains to transform clinical documentation into data available for computational work. Accordingly, we sought to develop a highly accurate and open-source NLP module to ascertain and phenotype left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) diagnoses on echocardiogram reports from a diverse hospital network.Methods700 echocardiogram reports from six hospitals were randomly selected from data repositories within the Mass General Brigham healthcare system and manually adjudicated by physicians for 10 subtypes of LVH and diagnoses of HCM. Using an open-source NLP system, the module was developed on 300 training set reports and validated on 400 reports. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated to assess the discriminative accuracy of the NLP module.ResultsThe NLP demonstrated robust performance across the 10 LVH subtypes with overall sensitivity and specificity exceeding 96%. Additionally, the NLP module demonstrated excellent performance detecting HCM diagnoses, with sensitivity and specificity exceeding 93%.ConclusionWe designed a highly accurate NLP module to determine the presence of LVH and HCM on echocardiogram reports. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of NLP to detect diagnoses on imaging reports, even when described in free-text. These modules have been placed in the public domain to advance research, trial recruitment, and population health management for individuals with LVH-associated conditions.
Prenatal Pb exposure is associated with reduced abundance of beneficial gut microbial cliques in late childhood: an investigation using Microbial Co-occurrence Analysis (MiCA)
Authors: Midya V , Lane JM , Gennings C , Torres-Olascoaga LA , Wright RO , Arora M , Téllez-Rojo MM , Eggers S 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundMany analytical methods used in gut microbiome research focus on either single bacterial taxa or the whole microbiome, ignoring multi-bacteria relationships (microbial cliques). We present a novel analytical approach to identify multiple bacterial taxa within the gut microbiome of children at 9-11 years associated with prenatal Pb exposure.MethodsData came from a subset of participants (n=123) in the Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment and Social Stressors (PROGRESS) cohort. Pb concentrations were measured in maternal whole blood from the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Stool samples collected at 9-11 years old underwent metagenomic sequencing to assess the gut microbiome. Using a novel analytical approach, Microbial Co-occurrence Analysis (MiCA), we paired a machine-learning algorithm with randomization-based inference to first identify microbial cliques that were predictive of prenatal Pb exposure and then estimate the association between prenatal Pb exposure and microbial clique abundance.ResultsWith second-trimester Pb exposure, we identified a 2-taxa microbial clique that includedBifidobacterium adolescentisandRuminococcus callidus, and a 3-taxa clique that addedPrevotella clara. Increasing second-trimester Pb exposure was associated with significantly increased odds of having the 2-taxa microbial clique below the 50thpercentile relative abundance (OR=1.03,95%CI[1.01-1.05]). In an analysis of Pb concentration at or above vs. below the United States and Mexico guidelines for child Pb exposure, odds of the 2-taxa clique in low abundance were 3.36(95%CI[1.32-8.51]) and 6.11(95%CI[1.87-19.93]), respectively. Trends were similar with the 3-taxa clique but not statistically significant.DiscussionUsing a novel combination of machine-learning and causal-inference, MiCA identified a significant association between second-trimester Pb exposure and reduced abundance of a probiotic microbial clique within the gut microbiome in late childhood. Pb exposure levels at the guidelines for child Pb poisoning in the United States, and Mexico are not sufficient to protect against the potential loss of probiotic benefits.Graphical Abstract
The Role of Oestrogen in Female Skeletal Muscle Ageing: A Systematic Review
Authors: Critchlow Annabel J. , Hiam Danielle , Williams Ross , Scott David , Lamon Séverine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAgeing is associated with a loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that negatively impacts the independence and quality of life of older individuals. Females demonstrate a distinct pattern of muscle ageing compared to males, potentially due to menopause where endogenous sex hormone production declines. This systematic review aims to investigate the current knowledge about the role of oestrogen in female skeletal muscle ageing. A systematic search of MEDLINE complete, Global Health, Embase, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and CINHAL was conducted. Studies were considered eligible if they compared a state of oestrogen deficiency (e.g. postmenopausal females) or supplementation (e.g. oestrogen replacement therapy) to normal oestrogen conditions (e.g. premenopausal females or no supplementation). Outcome variables of interest included measures of skeletal muscle mass, function, damage/repair, and energy metabolism. Quality assessment was completed with the relevant Johanna Briggs critical appraisal tool, and data were synthesised in a narrative manner. Thirty-two studies were included in the review. Compared to premenopausal females, postmenopausal females display reduced muscle mass and strength, but the effect of menopause on markers of muscle damage and expression of the genes involved in metabolic signalling pathways remains unclear. Some studies suggest a beneficial effect of oestrogen replacement therapy on muscle size and strength, but evidence is largely conflicting and inconclusive, potentially due to large variations in the reporting and status of exposure and outcomes. The findings from this review points toward a potential negative effect of oestrogen deficiency in ageing skeletal muscle, but further mechanistic evidence is needed to clarify its role.Graphical abstract figureThe role of oestrogen in female skeletal muscle ageing. ↑ = significant increase, ↓ = significant decrease, ≠ = significantly different, ? = mixed evidence, p<0.05. ALM: appendicular lean mass; AMPK: adenosine monophosphate kinase; CSA: cross-sectional area; PGC-1α: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha. Created withBioRender.com.
Optimizing the balance between heterologous acetate- and CO2-reduction pathways in anaerobic cultures ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaestrains engineered for low glycerol production
Authors: Aalst Aafke C.A. van , Geraats Ellen H. , Jansen Mickel L.A. , Mans Robert , Pronk Jack T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn anaerobicSaccharomyces cerevisiaecultures, NADH-cofactor balancing by glycerol formation constrains ethanol yields. Introduction of an acetate-to-ethanol reduction pathway based on heterologous acetylating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (A-ALD) can replace glycerol formation as ‘redox-sink’ and improve ethanol yields in acetate-containing media. Acetate concentrations in feedstock for first-generation bioethanol production are, however, insufficient to completely replace glycerol formation. An alternative glycerol-reduction strategy bypasses the oxidative reaction in glycolysis by introducing phosphoribulokinase (PRK) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCO). For optimal performance in industrial settings, yeast strains should ideally first fully convert acetate and, subsequently, continue low-glycerol fermentation via the PRK-RuBisCO pathway. However, anaerobic batch cultures of a strain carrying both pathways showed inferior acetate reduction relative to a strain expressing only the A-ALD pathway. Complete A-ALD-mediated acetate reduction by a dual-pathway strain, grown anaerobically on 50 g L-1glucose and 5 mmol L-1acetate, was achieved upon reducing PRK abundance by a C-terminal extension of its amino-acid sequence. Yields of glycerol and ethanol on glucose were 55% lower and 6% higher, respectively, than those of a non-engineered reference strain. The negative impact of the PRK-RuBisCO pathway on acetate reduction was attributed to sensitivity of the reversible A-ALD reaction to intracellular acetaldehyde concentrations.
Whether core stability training has a positive therapeutic effect on LBP patients: a Meta-analysis
Authors: Li Zecheng , Liu Xuebin , Li Siya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe main goal of this study is to determine whether engaging in core stability exercises benefits LBP sufferers.BackgroundAs a common exercise therapy, core stability training has gradually become the main treatment for LBP patients to relieve pain. Although many similar researches have showed a significant impact of core stability training on LBP, many scholars still have the opposite experimental conclusion, that is, core stability training has no significant therapeutic effect on LBP patients.MethodsOnly randomized controlled could be included in this study, and we used the Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI databases, China Science and Technology Journal Database and PubMed for article retrieval. Among them, non-LBP patients, non-core training, and articles with imperfect outcome indicators were not included.ResultsThis analysis incorporated findings from 21 relevant studies in total. The results showed that, although that the overall effect was not significant, core stability training was helpful for LBP patients. The results of two secondary outcomes (generic health and specific function) showed that core stability training had no practical significance for the improvement of generic health and specific function of LBP patients. The specific results are as follows: pain (SMD = 2.74, 95%CI: 1.40-4.08, P < 0.0001), disability (SMD = 2.52, 95%CI: 1.69-3.36, P <0.00001), generic health (SMD = 1.08, 95%CI: 0.07-2.08, P = 0.04), specific function (SMD = 1.99, 95%CI: −0.04-4.02, P = 0.05).ConclusionsWe recommend that core stability training be used for short-term therapy, but not for long-term therapy.