bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Parkin on the Mitochondrial Genome in the Heart and Brain of Mitochondrial Mutator Mice
Authors: Lichter Eliezer Z. , Trease Andrew J. , Cooper Kathryn , Stauch Kelly L. , Fox Howard S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease (PD). This study investigates the role of Parkin, a protein involved in mitochondrial quality control, and strongly linked to PD, in the context of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Mitochondrial mutator mice (PolgD257A/D257A) (Polg) are used and bred with Parkin knockout (PKO) mice or mice with disinhibited Parkin (W402A). In the brain, mtDNA mutations are analyzed in synaptosomes, presynaptic neuronal terminals, which are far from neuronal soma, which likely renders mitochondria there more vulnerable compared with brain homogenate. Surprisingly, PKO results in reduced mtDNA mutations in the brain but increased control region multimer (CRM) in synaptosomes. In the heart, both PKO and W402A lead to increased mutations, with W402A showing more mutations in the heart than PKO. Computational analysis reveals many of these mutations are deleterious. These findings suggest that Parkin plays a tissue‐dependent role in regulating mtDNA damage response, with differential effects in the brain and heart. Understanding the specific role of Parkin in different tissues may provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of PD and potential therapeutic strategies. Further investigation into these pathways can enhance the understanding of neurodegenerative diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
Large‐Scale Molecular Dynamics Elucidates the Mechanics of Reinforcement in Graphene‐Based Composites
Authors: Suter James L. , Vassaux Maxime , Coveney Peter V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUsing very large‐scale classical molecular dynamics, the mechanics of nano‐reinforcement of graphene‐based nanocomposites are examined. Simulations show that significant quantities of large, defect‐free, and predominantly flat graphene flakes are required for successful enhancement of materials properties in excellent agreement with experimental and proposed continuum shear‐lag theories. The critical lengths for enhancement are approximately 500 nm for graphene and 300 nm and for graphene oxide (GO). The reduction of Young's modulus in GO results in a much smaller enhancement of the composite's Young's modulus. The simulations reveal that the flakes should be aligned and planar for optimal reinforcement. Undulations substantially degrade the enhancement of materials properties.
Programmable Patterned Dynamic Scattering of Liquid Crystals/Epoxy‐based Polymer Composite Film Sandwiched between Two Fully Covered Electrodes
Authors: Chen Gang , Zhang Jianying , Ren Yunxiao , Sun Chang , Hu Wei , Yang Huai , Yang Deng‐Ke 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDynamic scattering has been a prominent technique in the display industry for several years. However, conventional approaches have required the use of tailored conductive layers to enable modular control in display panels. This has resulted in an increase in process complexity and device cost. To overcome these limitations, the present work proposes a novel method for fabricating a patterned dynamic scattering film using masked photopolymerization of liquid crystalline epoxy in negative liquid crystals. Specifically, the film is sandwiched between two fully covered electrodes, and an electric field is applied causing dynamic scattering only in the area that had been exposed to ultraviolet light during the preparation process. The remaining area remained transparent. The underlying mechanism is attributed to the formation of polymer solely in the UV‐exposed region via masked photopolymerization. This polymer is capable of absorbing ions, resulting in the formation of a concentration gradient of ions between the UV‐exposed and unexposed areas. The low concentration of ions in the unexposed area prevents the induction of dynamic scattering under an electric field, leading to the patterned dynamic scattering phenomenon. Building on this mechanism, the researchers are able to achieve several multilevel patterned dynamic scattering films sandwiched between two fully covered electrodes.
Hierarchical Nanomaterials by Selective Deposition of Noble Metal Nanoparticles: Insight into Control and Growth Processes
Authors: Baranov Oleg , Belmonte Thierry , Levchenko Igor , Bazaka Kateryna , Košiček Martin , Cvelbar Uroš 
Published: June 2023

AbstractComplex hierarchical metamaterials are currently the focus of many cutting‐edge studies due to their potential to advance such critically important areas of technology as energy storage and transformation, sensing, photovoltaics, nano‐medicine, antibacterial and self‐regenerating materials. However, the deterministic design of novel hierarchical metamaterials remains problematic due to the lack of efficient, highly reliable methods for controlling the internal structure and architecture of materials. A comprehensive advanced model is proposed to simulate the formation of complex hierarchical metamaterials with a controllable structure. The control is achieved via selective deposition of noble metal nanoparticles (Au, Au, Pd, Pt). Moreover, the novel method for the nanofabrication is theoretically examined and experimentally verified. This approach allows for the sophisticated spatiotemporal control of growth conditions and, as a result, achieving the targeted internal structure of metamaterials. This opens a way to the deterministic design and formation of complex multi‐material metamaterials on the basis of metal oxides and noble metal nanoparticles. Moreover, a fundamental insight related to the longstanding question about the prevalence of bottom‐up versus top‐down growth for various materials and systemswhich is challenging to directly verify experimentally is presented.
Electrical and Structural Analysis of β‐Ga2O3/GaN Wafer‐Bonded Heterojunctions with a ZnO Interlayer
Authors: Jian Zhe (A.) , Sun Kai , Kosanovic Stefan , Clymore Christopher J. , Mishra Umesh , Ahmadi Elaheh 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWafer bonding of β‐Ga2O3 and N‐polar GaN single crystal substrates is demonstrated by adding ZnO as a “glue” interlayer. The wafers are fully bonded such that Newton rings are not observed. Temperature‐dependent current‐voltage (I–V) measurements are conducted on the as‐bonded Ga2O3/ZnO/N‐polar GaN test structure and after annealing at 600 °C and 1100 °C. The impact of post‐annealing temperature on the electrical and structural characteristics of the bonded samples is investigated. A consistently ohmic‐like characteristic is obtained by annealing the bonded wafers at 1100 °C in N2, which is in part due to crystallization of ZnO and diffusion of Ga into ZnO which makes it n‐type doped. The wafer bonding of β‐Ga2O3 and GaN achieved in this work is promising to combine the material merits of both GaN and Ga2O3 targeting breakthrough high‐frequency and high‐power device performances.
Optimizing agronomic practices for hard winter wheat production in the Great Plains with respect to seeding rate, row spacing, and variety
Authors: Sciencia Maria C. M. , Creech Cody F. , Frels Katherine A. , Easterly Amanda C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWinter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in dryland areas is optimized by the improvement of genetics in combination with ideal production practices. Different combinations of seeding rate and row spacing can influence the development of wheat plants, impacting wheat yield and its components. To determine the influence of these practices, yield components, water use efficiency (WUE), biomass, and subsequent grain yield were evaluated in an experiment conducted at the High Plains Agricultural Laboratory, Sidney, NE, from 2019 until 2022, using a split‐plot randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments consisted of four different row spacings (19, 25, 31, and 51 cm), three seeding rates (1.05, 2.1, and 3.1 million seeds ha−1), and two high performing winter wheat varieties—‘Ruth’ and ‘Robidoux’. Row spacing showed differences in wheat yield (p < 0.0001) across all years, with a significant effect of seeding rate only in 1 year and an interaction effect of the three factors in 2022 alone. Higher wheat yield was achieved with the two narrower row spacings (19 and 25 cm) compared to the wider row spacings of 38 and 51 cm. The treatment combining the 19 cm row spacing and either 2.1 or 3.1 million seed ha−1 seeding rate had the greatest yields in most years. Narrower row spacings had improved WUE in drier years as compared to wider row spacings.
Abdominal compartment syndrome secondary to a large retroperitoneal hematoma caused by ruptured gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysms in a patient with severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Yamazaki Maiko , Nagao Tsuyoshi , Kono Kaori , Kanda Tomoki , Tomonaga Ayumi , Ito Kaori 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a known complication of severe acute pancreatitis. It is typically secondary to visceral edema and aggressive fluid resuscitation, but rarely caused by a retroperitoneal hematoma due to ruptured visceral pseudoaneurysms.Case PresentationA 49‐year‐old man presented in shock with a history of heavy alcohol use and was transferred to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of severe acute pancreatitis. Computed tomography scan on hospital day 2 revealed a large retroperitoneal hematoma due to ruptured gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysms. Despite adequate resuscitation, the patient developed ACS, which required decompressive laparotomy on hospital day 10. Open abdominal management was continued until multiorgan failure resolved. He was eventually discharged to a rehabilitation hospital 3 months after presenting.ConclusionWe report a patient with severe acute pancreatitis who underwent decompressive laparotomy for ACS secondary to a large retroperitoneal hematoma due to ruptured gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysms.
Learning by drawing and modeling: Teaching modalities for spinal anatomy in medical students
Authors: Beach Isidora R. , D'Agostino Erin N. , Thakrar Raj , Lunardini David J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOngoing research has attempted to discern the optimal way to teach surgical anatomy. This study investigated the relative effectiveness of drawing and clay modeling on learning spinal anatomy among medical students. Participants were recruited from a first‐year medical school class to participate in an optional educational session in their regular course schedule. Seventy‐eight students participated, and 62 completed pre‐ and post‐session tests. Participants were randomized to one of three groups, either learning spinal anatomy by (1) drawing, (2) clay modeling, or (3) reviewing a 3D anatomy application (control). All groups referenced the anatomy application; the control group had no additional learning modality. Students had 15 min to learn major anatomical structures in the lumbar spine according to their assigned modality. Learning was evaluated in terms of score differential on pre‐ and post‐session anatomy tests, with questions focused on anatomy applied in different contexts such as pathophysiology and radiology. Improved pre‐ to posttest scores were expected for the drawing and modeling groups compared to control. On average, the drawing group's scores significantly improved by 11% from pre‐ to posttest. Scores in the clay and control groups did not significantly improve. Drawing is thus an effective strategy for learning basic and applied spinal anatomy, and drawing and clay modeling (with adequate time) may be useful for teaching medical students to apply surgical anatomical knowledge in various contexts. These modalities are generalizable to any surgical anatomical education, and should be further explored among surgical residents given their efficacy, feasibility, and minimal use of resources.
Health conditions in autism: Defining the trajectory from adolescence to early adulthood
Authors: Malow Beth A. , Qian Yinge , Ames Jennifer L. , Alexeeff Stacey , Croen Lisa A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAutistic adults, as compared to non‐autistic adults, have increased rates of nearly all medical and psychiatric conditions. Many of these conditions begin in childhood, although few longitudinal studies have been conducted to examine prevalence rates of these conditions from adolescence into early adulthood. In this study, we analyze the longitudinal trajectory of health conditions in autistic youth, compared to age and sex‐matched non‐autistic youth, transitioning from adolescence into early adulthood in a large integrated health care delivery system. The percent and modeled prevalence of common medical and psychiatric conditions increased from age 14 to 22 years, with autistic youth having a higher prevalence of most conditions than non‐autistic youth. The most prevalent conditions in autistic youth at all ages were obesity, neurological disorders, anxiety, and ADHD. The prevalence of obesity and dyslipidemia rose at a faster rate in autistic youth compared to non‐autistic youth. By age 22, autistic females showed a higher prevalence of all medical and psychiatric conditions compared to autistic males. Our findings emphasize the importance of screening for medical and psychiatric conditions in autistic youth, coupled with health education targeted at this population, to mitigate the development of adverse health outcomes in autistic adults.
Anxiety, depression, and well‐being in autistic adults and adults with other developmental disabilities: A longitudinal cross‐lagged analysis
Authors: Schiltz Hillary , Sterrett Kyle , Singer Hannah , Lord Catherine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAutistic people and people with other developmental disabilities (DD) are at high likelihood for anxiety and depression, which can negatively affect adult life. Therefore, this study sought to understand temporal links between anxiety and depression over time in autistic adults and adults with DDs, and how these conditions impact specific aspects of positive well‐being. A sample of 130 adults with autism or other DDs and their caregivers were drawn from a longitudinal study. Participants complete measures of anxiety (Adult Manifest Anxiety Scale), depression (Beck Depression Inventory, 2nd Edition), and well‐being (Scales of Psychological Well‐Being). Cross‐lagged panel analyses revealed significant autoregressive effects for anxiety and depressive symptoms over time, based on both caregiver and self‐report (all p < 0.01). Additionally, although findings differed across reporter, cross‐lagged links between anxiety and depression emerged over time. Based on caregiver‐report, anxiety symptoms predicted later depressive symptoms (p = 0.002) but depressive symptoms did not predict later anxiety (p = 0.10); the opposite pattern was identified for self‐report. Aspects of positive well‐being (purpose in life, self‐acceptance, personal growth) demonstrated differential links with anxiety and depression (p = 0.001–0.53). These findings highlight the utility of a transdiagnostic approach to mental health services for autistic adults and adults with DDs, and the need to monitor for anxious or depressive symptoms in autistic adults and adults with DDs presenting with depression or anxiety, respectively.
Sample size calculation for one‐armed clinical trials with clustered data and binary outcome
Authors: Pilz Maximilian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe formula of Fleiss and Cuzick (1979) to estimate the intraclass correlation coefficient is applied to reduce the task of sample size calculation for clustered data with binary outcome. It is demonstrated that this approach reduces the complexity of sample size calculation to the determination of the null and alternative hypothesis and the formulation of the quantitative influence of the belonging to the same cluster on the therapy success probability.
A novel viscosity‐sensitive fluorescent probe for monitoring the changes of mitochondrial viscosity
Authors: Li Xiaoya , Guo Rui , Gong Xi , Yang Yingjie , Lin Weiying 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs a fundamental physical parameter, viscosity influences the diffusion in biological processes. The changes in intracellular viscosity led to the occurrence of relevant diseases. Monitoring changes in cellular viscosity is important for distinguishing abnormal cells in cell biology and oncologic pathology. Here, we devised and synthesized a viscosity‐sensitive fluorescent probe LBX‐1. LBX‐1 showed high sensitivity, providing a large Stokes shift as well as an enhancement in fluorescent intensity (16.1‐fold) from methanol solution to glycerol solution. Furthermore, the probe LBX‐1 could localize in mitochondria because of the ability of the probe to penetrate the cell membrane and accumulate in mitochondria. These results suggested that the probe could be utilized in monitoring the changes in mitochondrial viscosity in complex biological systems.
Can a meta sustainability label facilitate more sustainable consumer choices?
Authors: Torma Gabriele , Thøgersen John 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe current sustainability labeling landscape has been accused of creating unnecessary consumer confusion due to too much, too complex, too similar, and too ambiguous information. Meta‐sustainability labeling is proposed as a solution. We provide the first evidence on the added value of this instrument based on a survey in the USA (N = 518) and Germany (N = 520). Participants were randomly allocated to one of four different conditions: (1) traditional labeling, (2) new, common label design, (3) traditional labeling plus meta label, and (4) new, common label design plus meta label. The study confirms the preference for sustainability‐labeled products in both countries. In the USA, the new, common label design outperforms traditional labeling. Adding a meta label reduced the effect. In Germany, both the common labeling design and the meta label improved the effectiveness of sustainability labeling for some consumer segments. The new designs are built on the branding of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals, which makes them practically relevant for global implementation.
Physical properties of Scarpa's fascia
Authors: Valença‐Filipe Rita , Mendes Joaquim , Pereira Francisco , Vardasca Ricardo , Amarante José , Costa‐Ferreira António 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPreservation of Scarpa's fascia has improved clinical outcomes in abdominoplasty procedures and in other body contour surgeries. However, the physical properties of Scarpa's fascia have not yet been described, and grafts are still underexplored. Fresh surgical specimens from five female patients subjected to classical abdominoplasty were dissected and analyzed. A grid was drawn on the fascia surface, dividing it into equal upper and lower halves; four Scarpa's fascia samples (30 × 10 mm) were collected from each half, 40 mm apart. The thickness was measured with a caliper. A strain/stress universal testing machine was used for mechanical tests. Twenty‐five samples were obtained (nine from the upper half, 16 from the lower). The average thickness was 0.56 ± 0.11 mm. The average values for stretch, stress, strain, and Young's Modulus were, respectively, 1.436, 4.198 MPa, 43.6%, and 23.14 MPa. The upper half showed significantly greater thickness and strain values (p = 0.020 and p = 0.048; Student's t‐test). The physical and biomechanical properties of Scarpa's fascia can make it a donor area for fascial grafts as an alternative to fascia lata, as it is always available and has minimal donor‐site morbidity. Further studies are needed to validate this statement. It seems advantageous to use the lower half of the abdomen instead of the upper part as a donor site.
MFN2 suppresses clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression by modulating mitochondria‐dependent dephosphorylation of EGFR
Authors: Luo Li , Wei Denghui , Pan Yihui , Wang Qiu‐Xia , Feng Jian‐Xiong , Yu Bing , Kang Tiebang , Luo Junhang , Yang Jiefeng , Gao Song 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most lethal renal cancer. An overwhelming increase of patients experience tumor progression and unfavorable prognosis. However, the molecular events underlying ccRCC tumorigenesis and metastasis remain unclear. Therefore, uncovering the underlying mechanisms will pave the way for developing novel therapeutic targets for ccRCC. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of mitofusin‐2 (MFN2) in supressing ccRCC tumorigenesis and metastasis.MethodsThe expression pattern and clinical significance of MFN2 in ccRCC were analyzed by using the Cancer Genome Atlas datasets and samples from our independent ccRCC cohort. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments, including cell proliferation, xenograft mouse models and transgenic mouse model, were used to determine the role of MFN2 in regulating the malignant behaviors of ccRCC. RNA‐sequencing, mass spectrum analysis, co‐immunoprecipitation, bio‐layer interferometry and immunofluorescence were employed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms for the tumor‐supressing role of MFN2.Resultswe reported a tumor‐suppressing pathway in ccRCC, characterized by mitochondria‐dependent inactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. This process was mediated by the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) protein MFN2. MFN2 was down‐regulated in ccRCC and associated with favorable prognosis of ccRCC patients. in vivo and in vitro assays demonstrated that MFN2 inhibited ccRCC tumor growth and metastasis by suppressing the EGFR signaling pathway. In a kidney‐specific knockout mouse model, loss of MFN2 led to EGFR pathway activation and malignant lesions in kidney. Mechanistically, MFN2 preferably binded small GTPase Rab21 in its GTP‐loading form, which was colocalized with endocytosed EGFR in ccRCC cells. Through this EGFR‐Rab21‐MFN2 interaction, endocytosed EGFR was docked to mitochondria and subsequently dephosphorylated by the OMM‐residing tyrosine‐protein phosphatase receptor type J (PTPRJ).ConclusionsOur findings uncover an important non‐canonical mitochondria‐dependent pathway regulating EGFR signaling by the Rab21‐MFN2‐PTPRJ axis, which contributes to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for ccRCC.
Magnetic resonance imaging findings of intracranial extraventricular ependymoma: A retrospective multi‐center cohort study of 114 cases
Authors: Li Liyan , Fu Yan , Zhang Yinping , Mao Yipu , Huang Deyou , Yi Xiaoping , Wang Jing , Tan Zeming , Jiang Muliang , Chen Bihong T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntracranial extraventricular ependymoma (IEE) is an ependymoma located in the brain parenchyma outside the ventricles. IEE has overlapping clinical and imaging characteristics with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) but different treatment strategy and prognosis. Therefore, an accurate preoperative diagnosis is necessary for optimizing therapy for IEE.MethodsA retrospective multicenter cohort of IEE and GBM was identified. MR imaging characteristics assessed with the Visually Accessible Rembrandt Images (VASARI) feature set and clinicopathological findings were recorded. Independent predictors for IEE were identified using multivariate logistic regression, which was used to construct a diagnostic score for differentiating IEE from GBM.ResultsCompared to GBM, IEE tended to occur in younger patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified seven independent predictors for IEE. Among them, 3 predictors including tumor necrosis rate (F7), age, and tumor‐enhancing margin thickness (F11), demonstrated higher diagnostic performance with an Area Under Curve (AUC) of more than 70% in distinguishing IEE from GBM. The AUC was 0.85, 0.78, and 0.70, with sensitivity of 92.98%, 72.81%, and 96.49%, and specificity of 65.50%, 73.64%, and 43.41%, for F7, age, and F11, respectively.ConclusionWe identified specific MR imaging features such as tumor necrosis and thickness of enhancing tumor margins that could help to differentiate IEE from GBM. Our study results should be helpful to assist in diagnosis and clinical management of this rare brain tumor.