bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The E2F1–HOXB9/PBX2–CDK6 axis drives gastric tumorigenesis and serves as a therapeutic target in gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Jinglin , Chen Bonan , Wang Yifei , Liu Xiaoli , Yan Huan , Wong Kit Yee , Chan Aden KY , Cheung Alvin HK , Chow Chit , Xu Dazhi , Wang Shouyu , Huang Bing , Liang Li , Ke Huixing , Wong Chi Chun , Wu William KK , Cheng Alfred SL , Yu Jun , Lo Kwok Wai , To Ka Fai , Kang Wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHomeobox genes include HOX and non‐HOX genes. HOX proteins play fundamental roles during ontogenesis by interacting with other non‐HOX gene‐encoded partners and performing transcriptional functions, whereas aberrant activation of HOX family members drives tumorigenesis. In this study, gastric cancer (GC) expression microarray data indicated that HOXB9 is a prominent upregulated HOX member in GC samples significantly associated with clinical outcomes and advanced TNM stages. However, the functional role of HOXB9 in GC remains contradictory in previous reports, and the regulatory mechanisms are elusive. By in silico and experimental analyses, we found that HOXB9 was upregulated by a vital cell cycle‐related transcription factor, E2F1. Depleting HOXB9 causes G1‐phase cell cycle arrest by downregulating CDK6 and a subset of cell cycle‐related genes. Meanwhile, HOXB9 contributes to cell division and maintains the cytoskeleton in GC cells. We verified that HOXB9 interacts with PBX2 to form a heterodimer, which transcriptionally upregulates CDK6. Knocking down CDK6 can phenocopy the tumor‐suppressive effects caused by HOXB9 depletion. Blocking HOXB9 can enhance the anti‐tumor effect of CDK6 inhibitors. In conclusion, we elucidate the oncogenic role of HOXB9 in GC and reveal CDK6 as its potent downstream effector. The E2F1–HOXB9/PBX2–CDK6 axis represents a novel mechanism driving gastric carcinogenesis and conveys prognostic and therapeutic implications. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas: First registry effort in Mexico
Authors: Robles‐Castro Julieta , Niembro‐Zúñiga Ana , Ortiz‐Azpilcueta Mariana , Betanzos‐Cabrera Yadira , Arreguín‐González Farina , Barrera‐Villegas Gabriela , Ortiz‐Morales Daniel , Arroyo‐Acosta José Benjamín , Zapata‐Tarrés Marta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionBrainstem tumors comprise 10.9% of all brain tumors, and pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) have a fatal prognosis. Some countries have developed national and international register databases to characterize their populations to aid clinical and public policy decisions. This study provides information regarding the clinical characteristics of a retrospective cohort of children with DIPG in México from 2001 to 2021, and assesses the proposed prognostic factors previously described for survival outcome.MethodsHealth institutions from Mexico were invited to contribute to a retrospective electronic registry of patients with DIPG based on the International DIPG Registry. Fisher's exact test was used to compare long‐ and short‐term survivors. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Differences between survival curves were evaluated using the log‐rank test and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.ResultsTotal 110 patients were included. The median age of the patients at diagnosis was 7 years. Sixty patients (54.5%) presented with symptoms in less than 6 months; the most frequent symptom was ataxia (56.4%). Ninety patients received treatment (81.8%), the overall survival at 4 years was 11.4%, and 16 patients (14.5%) were admitted for palliative end‐of‐life care. We found no significant survival differences for any of the prognostic factors.ConclusionThis study highlights the need to develop strategies to standardize healthcare processes and enhance the quality of care to improve clinical diagnosis in Mexico. We also observed a barrier to the acceptance of palliative end‐of‐life care in the family and medical teams.
Accelerated aging behavior and degradation mechanism of nitrile rubber in thermal air and hydraulic oil environments
Authors: Wang Shengqiang , Wang Cunguo , He Aihua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe aging behavior and degradation mechanism of nitrile rubber (NBR) under free and compression states were investigated in simulated air and hydraulic oil environments at various elevated temperatures. The variations in the crosslinking density, volatile components and the chemical structure of NBR during aging were studied using equilibrium swelling testing and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), pyrolysis‐gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The migration of additives in different media and the crosslinking density of NBR aged in different conditions were compared. The tensile strength, DMA, and thermogravimetric analysis results were consistent with the changes in the crosslinking density of NBR and the migration of additives. Four effects of the simulated hydraulic system on the thermal aging of NBR were examined. Both the compression stress and the oil medium slowed the aging of NBR. The results can provide new insights into the use of NBR products in lubricating oil environments and NBR lifespan prediction in hydraulic working conditions.
A novel method incorporating large rock fragments for improved soil bulk density and carbon stock estimation
Authors: Clancy Michael A. , Ruffing Blair E. , Jarmain Caren , Byrne Kenneth A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSoil bulk density (BD) is a principal component in estimating the density of soil nutrients and elements including carbon (C). Current literature states that in soils with rock fragment (RF) content ≥3% of the total sample volume, substantial differences in estimated soil organic carbon density (SOCD) are found, depending on the soil BD calculation method chosen, potentially affecting the accuracy of soil nutrient and C inventories. In many soil surveys, soil BD is not measured directly, or the core method is used as the sole determinant of soil BD, potentially neglecting the soil volume dilution effect of RFs larger than the diameter of the cores used. This study uses the core and quantitative pit methods at 10 forest sites in Ireland to determine the BD and RF mass and volume to a depth of 40 cm. The authors examine how large RFs impact BD and subsequently affect the estimated SOCD values by comparing against reference values from established soil sampling and BD calculation methods. The analysis reveals significant variations in the estimated SOCD values when the RF volume in the soil sample exceeds 8% of the total sample volume. A novel method, hereafter named “core‐scaling,” combines core and pit sampling methods to account for large RF mass and volume in BD calculations. This study suggests that using the core‐scaling method provides results that are strongly correlated with the pit method, thus offering an alternative that can also provide accurate SOCD estimates in soils with a high RF content.
Direct Fast‐Neutron Detection by 2D Perovskite Semiconductor
Authors: Gao Yuting , Wan Pengying , Jin Tong , Hu Hao , Liu Linyue , Niu Guangda 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFast‐neutrons play a critical role in a range of applications, including medical imaging, therapy, and nondestructive inspection. However, direct detecting fast‐neutrons by semiconductors has proven to be challenging due to their weak interaction with most matter and the requirement of high carrier mobility‐lifetime (µτ) product for efficient charge collection. Herein, a novel approach is presented to direct fast‐neutron detection using 2D Dion–Jacobson perovskite semiconductor BDAPbBr4. This material features a high fast‐neutron caption cross‐section, good electrical stability, high resistivity, and, most importantly, a record‐highµτproduct of 3.3 × 10−4cm2V−1, outperforming most reported fast‐neutron detection semiconductors. As a result, BDAPbBr4detector exhibited good response to fast‐neutrons, not only achieving fast‐neutron energy spectra in counting mode, but also obtaining linear and fast response in integration mode. This work provides a paradigm‐shifting strategy for designing materials that efficiently detect fast‐neutrons and paves the way toward exciting applications in fast‐neutron imaging and therapy.
Research on the bond‐slip behavior and constitutive relationship between I‐shaped steel and shotcrete in tunnel
Authors: Lu Junfu , Li Minhao , Ran Xun , Liu Likun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe failure of the initial support of the tunnel caused by the synergistic deformation of steel and shotcrete under high‐ground stress is expected to be solved by arranging studs and steel webs to enhance the structure's bearing capacity. Hence, the bond‐slip mechanism of steel shotcrete with or without studs is unclear. This study aims to determine the bond behavior of the interface between the steel and shotcrete composite structure for tunnel support. The findings of push‐out experiments demonstrate that shotcrete on steel flange longitudinal splitting failure is the failure mode of natural bonding specimens. Tensile failure and expansion failure under the effect of studs is the failure mechanisms of stud steel‐sprayed concrete specimens. Furthermore, experimental data and a mathematical model establish the bond‐slip constitutive law of natural bonding and stud specimens. Finally, in addition to providing a theoretical foundation for the research of bond‐slip, the constitutive model put forward in this paper also supports the prevention of initial support failure in tunnel engineering.
Exploring Children's L2 Disciplinary Literacy Through a Multimodal Science Project in a CLIL Context
Authors: Coyle Yvette , Roca de Larios Julio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study explores the ways in which young second language learners in an intact fourth‐grade content and language integrated (CLIL) science class drew on the affordances of multiple semiotic resources including language, images, sound, movement, etc., to construct disciplinary knowledge in the context of a multimodal project on machines. After an instructional period in which attention to literacy was embedded in their science classes, the learners designed and illustrated their own complex machine, filmed a digital video and produced a written explanation. By integrating a systemic functional linguistics‐informed analysis of the linguistic features of the children's written texts with a semiotic analysis of the intermodal relationships in their projects, we offer insights into the interrelation of different modes (linguistic, visual and aural) in facilitating children's meaning‐making in the L2. The results revealed considerable within‐group variability in the learners' written texts and intermodal relations of concurrence and complementarity in their multimodal projects. The role of multimodal tasks in providing all children with effective tools for communicating knowledge is discussed.
Questionnaire PLD‐complaint‐specific assessment identifies need for therapy in polycystic liver disease: A multi‐centric prospective study
Authors: Billiet Antoon , Temmerman Frederik , Coudyzer Walter , Van den Ende Natalie , Colle Isabelle , Francque Sven , De Maeght Stephane , Janssens Filip , Orlent Hans , Sprengers Dirk , Delwaide Jean , Decock Sofie , De Vloo Charlotte , Moreno Christophe , van Malenstein Hannah , van der Merwe Schalk , Verbeek Jef , Nevens Frederik 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsPolycystic liver disease (PLD) can lead to extensive hepatomegaly. Symptom relief is the primary goal of the treatment. The role of the recently developed disease‐specific questionnaires for identification of the thresholds and the assessment of therapy needs further investigation.MethodsA five‐year prospective multi‐centric observational study in 21 hospitals in Belgium gathered a study population of 198 symptomatic PLD‐patients of whom the disease‐specific symptom questionnaire PLD‐complaint‐specific assessment (POLCA) scores were calculated. The thresholds of the POLCA score for the need for volume reduction therapy were analyzed.ResultsThe study group consisted of mostly (82.8%) women with baseline mean age of 54.4 years ±11.2, median liver volume expressed as height‐adjusted total liver volume(htLV) of 1994 mL (interquartile range [IQR] 1275; 3150) and median growth of the liver of +74 mL/year (IQR +3; +230). Volume reduction therapy was needed in 71 patients (35.9%). A POLCA severity score (SPI) ≥ 14 predicted the need for therapy both in the derivation (n = 63) and the validation cohort (n = 126). The thresholds to start somatostatin analogues (n = 55) or to consider liver transplantation (n = 18) were SPI scores of ≥14 and ≥ 18 and the corresponding mean htLVs were 2902 mL (IQR 1908; 3964) and 3607 mL (IQR 2901; 4337), respectively. Somatostatin analogues treatment resulted in a decrease in the SPI score −6.0 versus + 4.5 in patients without somatostatin analogues (p < 0.01). Changes in the SPI score were significantly different between the liver transplantation group and no liver transplantation group, +4.3 ± 7.1 versus −1.6 ± 4.9, respectively, (p < 0.01).ConclusionA polycystic liver disease‐specific questionnaire can be used as a guide on when to start a volume reduction therapy and to assess the effect of treatment.
The Zone Overlap Index: A new measure of shared resource use in the zoo
Authors: Brereton James E. , Rose Paul E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt is important that the environment provided in the zoo is relevant to the species being housed and its suitability be easily assessed by personnel. As shared space and resources can overlap in a zoo's enclosure a tool is required to measure the effects of such overlap between individual animals in a shared enclosure. This paper outlines the Pianka Index (PI), a tool used in ecology to quantify niche overlap, that has value in quantifying the amount of time that animals spend in shared enclosure zones. One limitation to this method, however, is that the established method of determining the PI requires division of the enclosure into equally sized zones, something that is not always relevant to a zoo enclosure. To combat this, we created a modified index, entitled the Zone Overlap Index (ZOI). This modified index is the exact mathematical equivalent of the original index when zone sizes are equal. When zone sizes are unequal, the ZOI generates higher values when animals share smaller, as opposed to larger, zones. This is because animals are more likely to share larger enclosure zones simply by chance, and shared use of smaller zones brings individuals into closer proximity with the potential for competition. To illustrate the application of the ZOI, a series of hypothetical situations were generated to reflect real‐world scenarios, demonstrating how this index could be used to better understand zone occupancy overlap in the zoo.
Spin-2 operators in AdS2/CFT1
Authors: Rigatos Konstantinos C. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We study spin-2 fluctuations around an infinite family of warped backgrounds of the form AdS2 × S2 × T4 × S1 × $$ {\mathcal{I}}_{\rho } $$

I
ρ

in the type IIB theory, which possesses $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetry. We find that there exists a special set of solutions which is independent of the background data; the minimal universal class. This particular class of solutions corresponds to operators with scaling dimension ∆ = ℓ + 1, with ℓ being the quantum number of the angular-momentum on the S2. Using the mode solutions of these spin-2 states, we compute the central charge of the dual field theories. We comment on the relation of our results to the seed AdS3× S2× T4×$$ {\mathcal{I}}_{\rho } $$

I
ρ

backgrounds.
Entanglement entropy from non-equilibrium Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Bulgarelli Andrea , Panero Marco 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We study the entanglement entropy in lattice field theory using a simulation algorithm based on Jarzynski’s theorem. We focus on the entropic c-function for the Ising model in two and in three dimensions: after validating our algorithm against known analytical results from conformal field theory in two dimensions, we present novel results for the three-dimensional case. We show that our algorithm, which is highly parallelized on graphics processing units, allows one to precisely determine the subleading corrections to the area law, which have been investigated in many recent works. Possible generalizations of this study to other strongly coupled theories are discussed.
PSMA-617 inhibits proliferation and potentiates the 177Lu-PSMA-617-induced death of human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Zhao Yi , Culman Juraj , Cascorbi Ingolf , Nithack Niklas , Marx Marlies , Zuhayra Maaz , Lützen Ulf 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The human prostate–specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is substantially up-regulated in metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) cells. PSMA can be targeted by 177Lu conjugated to PSMA-617, a high-affinity ligand for the PSMA. The binding of the radioligand, 177Lu-PSMA-617, results in its internalisation and delivery of β-radiation into the cancer cells. However, PSMA-617, a component of the final product in the synthesis of the radioligand, may also play a role in the pathophysiology of PCa cells. The present study aimed to clarify the effects of PSMA-617 (10, 50 and 100 nM) on the expression of PSMA in PSMA-positive LNCaP cells, their proliferation, 177Lu-PSMA-617-induced cell death by WST-1 and lactate dehydrogenase assays, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining and uptake of 177Lu-PSMA-617. PSMA-617 at 100 nM concentration induced cell-growth arrest, down-regulated cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 (by 43 and 36%, respectively) and up-regulated the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21Waf1/Cip1 (by 48%). Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated reduced content of DNA, pointing to a lower rate of cell division. PSMA-617 (up to 100 nM) did not alter the uptake of 177Lu-PSMA-617 into the LNCaP cells. Interestingly, simultaneous treatment with 177Lu-PSMA-617 and PSMA-617 for 24 and 48 h substantially potentiated the cell-death promoting effects of the radioligand. In conclusion, the combination of impeding tumour cell proliferation by PSMA-617 and its potentiation of the radiation-induced cell death brought about by 177Lu-PSMA-617 in PCa cells may considerably improve the outcome of the radiation therapy with 177Lu-PSMA-617, especially in patients with decreased radiosensitivity of PCa cells to the radioligand.
Fertilitopes
Authors: Defant Colin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe introduce tools from discrete convexity theory and polyhedral geometry into the theory of West’s stack-sorting map s. Associated to each permutation $$\pi $$
π
is a particular set $$\mathcal V(\pi )$$

V
(
π
)

of integer compositions that appears in a formula for the fertility of $$\pi $$
π
, which is defined to be $$|s^{-1}(\pi )|$$

|

s

-
1

(
π
)

|

. These compositions also feature prominently in more general formulas involving families of colored binary plane trees called troupes and in a formula that converts from free to classical cumulants in noncommutative probability theory. We show that $$\mathcal V(\pi )$$

V
(
π
)

is a transversal discrete polymatroid when it is nonempty. We define the fertilitope of $$\pi $$
π
to be the convex hull of $$\mathcal V(\pi )$$

V
(
π
)

, and we prove a surprisingly simple characterization of fertilitopes as nestohedra arising from full binary plane trees. Using known facts about nestohedra, we provide a procedure for describing the structure of the fertilitope of $$\pi $$
π
directly from $$\pi $$
π
using Bousquet-Mélou’s notion of the canonical tree of $$\pi $$
π
. As a byproduct, we obtain a new combinatorial cumulant conversion formula in terms of generalizations of canonical trees that we call quasicanonical trees. We also apply our results on fertilitopes to study combinatorial properties of the stack-sorting map. In particular, we show that the set of fertility numbers has density 1, and we determine all infertility numbers of size at most 126. Finally, we reformulate the conjecture that $$\sum _{\sigma \in s^{-1}(\pi )}x^{\textrm{des}(\sigma )+1}$$

∑

σ
∈

s

-
1

(
π
)

x

des
(
σ
)
+
1

is always real-rooted in terms of nestohedra, and we propose natural ways in which this new version of the conjecture could be extended.
Fluktuierende Symptomatik als Gemeinsamkeit
Authors: Steinbrecher Iris 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Abgrenzung zwischen Demenz vom Lewy-Body-Typ (LBD) und einem Delir ist schwierig. Sie kann im Rahmen einer ausführlichen Fremdanamnese aufgrund der Zeitkriterien leicht gelingen. Soziale Isolation der Patienten im Vorfeld und damit fehlende fremdanamnestische Daten sowie Spezifitäten wie prolongiertes Delir und Delir im Rahmen einer LBD erschweren die Diagnose zusätzlich. Die Therapie der LBD verläuft symptomorientiert. Nichtmedikamentöser Therapie ist immer der Vorzug zu geben, da Medikamente die Symptome verschlechtern oder neue Symptome hervorrufen können.
Association of serum CD14 level and functional polymorphism C-159T in the promoter region of CD14 gene with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Kamel Mai A. , Selim Elham S. , Tantawy Enas A. , Elgendy Aya , Abdulmageed Alsayed , Anis Reham H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAllergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory tract affecting a significant number of the world’s population. It occurs as an IgE-mediated immune response of the nasal mucosa to inhaled allergens. The human Cluster of Differentiation 14 (CD14) is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored molecule expressed on the surface of monocytes and macrophages and functions as a receptor to lipopolysaccharides and inhaled endotoxins that may stimulate interleukins production by antigen-presenting cells. Consequently, CD14 plays a substantial role in allergic diseases and may become one of their etiological causes. This study aimed to determine the association between C-159T polymorphism in the CD14 gene promoter region and serum CD14 levels and the risk of Allergic rhinitis Egyptian patients and to test the validity of serum CD14 level measurement in predicting AR. This case–control study included 45 patients with AR referred to Allergy and Immunology Unit, Zagazig University Hospital, Zagazig, Egypt, and 45 healthy subjects as controls. Serum CD14 levels were measured by ELISA. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was used to detect C-159T gene polymorphism in the CD14 promoter region. There was a significant association between CD14 serum levels and AR incidence (P < 0.001), with patients having higher serum CD14 levels than controls. In addition, a significant association (P < 0.001) was detected between serum CD14 levels and the severity of AR, as well as elevated serum CD14 levels in severe and the most severe cases. On the molecular level, there was a statistically significant relationship between patients and the control group regarding the CD14 genotype (P < 0.001), where CT and TT genotypes and T allele were primarily associated with the cases group, indicating that the risk of AR was significantly associated with the inheritance of the TT genotype. Additionally, a statistically significant association was found between the severity of AR and CD14 genotype (P < 0.001), where TT genotypes were mainly associated with severe and the most severe cases. In the studied groups, there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the CD14 genotype and serum CD14 levels, with TT genotypes being associated with higher CD14 levels. The results obtained in this study revealed that serum CD14 level is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of AR and, at the genetic level, a potential predictor of disease.