bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barnyardgrass control in conventional and Clearfield rice grown under intermittent flooding
Authors: Atwill R. Lee , Bond Jason A. , Gore Jeffrey , Gholson Drew M. , Walker Tim , Spencer G. Dave , Oakley Graham R. , Reynolds D. Zach , Krutz L. Jason 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the mid‐southern United States, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is flooded primarily to suppress weed germination and growth. Two experiments were conducted to determine whether herbicide performance in conventional or Clearfield rice weed control programs was affected by intermittent flooding. The effects of flooding and herbicide program on barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) P. Beauv] control, rice grain yield, and water applied were investigated at the Delta Research and Extension Center in Stoneville, MS, on Sharkey clay (very fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Epiaquert). For herbicides commonly applied in conventional (clomazone, quinclorac, pendimethalin, thiobencarb, fenoxaprop‐ethyl, cyhalofop‐butyl, and bisypriboac sodium) or Clearfield rice weed control programs (imazethapyr plus bispyribac‐sodium followed by imazethapyr, imazamox or bispyribac‐sodium), intermittent flooding had no adverse effect on barnyardgrass control relative to a continuous flood. Moreover, initiating irrigation when the perched water table drops to 8 inches below the soil surface had no effect on rice grain yield and reduced water applied by 51%. Mid‐southern US rice producers can capture the water‐saving benefits of intermittent flooding while having no adverse effects on herbicide activity or crop productivity in conventional and Clearfield systems.
Der Rote Keulenkopf
Authors: Petersen Frank 
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung1935 isolierten der englische Chemiker Harold Ward Dudley und der schottische Frauenarzt John Chassar Moir das hochpotente, uterotone Ergometrin aus den Sklerotien des Roten Keulenkopfs. Forscherteams in England und den USA zeigten, dass alle damals bekannten Ergotalkaloide einen identischen Baustein besitzen, die Lysergsäure. Die neuen Erkenntnisse motivierten den Schweizer Naturstoffforscher Albert Hofmann dazu, die medizinalchemische und pharmakologische Lysergsäureforschung bei der Sandoz AG zu beginnen. Er arbeitete erstmalig eine synthetische Route von der Lysergsäure zum Ergometrin aus und entdeckte dabei das Methylergometrin. 1946 erhielt der neue Wirkstoff die Zulassung als Uterotonikum und für die Behandlung der Nachgeburtsblutungen. Auf der Suche nach einem Kreislaufstimulans synthetisierte Hofmann das Lysergsäurediethylamid (LSD), dessen psychotrope Eigenschaften er zufällig entdeckte. LSD belebte die Diskussion in der Psychiatrie aufs Neue, ob nicht körpereigene „Giftstoffe“ die Ursache einer Schizophrenie sein könnten. Der Nachweis des 5‐Hydroxytryptamins im Gehirn von Wirbeltieren und dessen Fähigkeit, die psychotogene Aktivität des LSD zu antagonisieren, deckten die chemischen Grundlagen der Psyche und ihrer Erkrankungen auf. Dieser Zusammenhang eröffnete die neuartige therapeutische Option, niedermolekulare Verbindungen zur Behandlung psychischer Störungen zu entwickeln. Als am Weizmann‐Institut in Israel die Hemmung der Prolaktinsekretion durch Ergotoxin entdeckt wurde, entschieden sich die Sandoz AG in Basel, das italienische Pharmaunternehmen Farmitalia und eine tschechische Arbeitsgruppe zu Wirkstoffentwicklungsprogrammen, aus denen die neue Arzneimittelklasse der spezifischen Dopamin‐D2‐Rezeptoragonisten hervorging. 1975 erhielt die Sandoz AG die Zulassung für 2‐Bromo‐α‐Ergokryptin zur Behandlung der Parkinson‐Krankheit sowie der weiblichen Infertilität, der Akromegalie und weiterer Erkrankungen, die durch Prolaktin‐ beziehungsweise Wachstumshormon‐sezernierende Hypophysenadenome hervorgerufen werden.
Mimickers of neuroendocrine tumors on endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspirate material: Need for caution
Authors: Wang Brant G. , Li Wenping , Lee Iris H. , Mani Haresh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCytologic diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors can be straightforward on cytologic preparations, given the classical neuroendocrine morphology and expression of neuroendocrine markers confirmed by immunohistochemistry. However, overreliance on neuroendocrine markers can lead to misdiagnosis even if individual cell features suggest a neuroendocrine tumor. We present three unusual cases, two of which were initially diagnosed as neuroendocrine tumors and the third one carried preliminary diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor on endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspirates. These cases subsequently turned out to be cholangioblastic cholangiocarcinoma, metastatic melanoma, and gastric glomus tumor, respectively. We suggest approaches that could have pointed us towards the correct diagnosis at the outset and discuss potential pitfalls.
Comparative evaluation of mutagenic effects of two cone‐beam computed tomography in oral mucosa cells
Authors: Ayres Lucas Celestino Guezert , dos Santos Marcos Antônio Lima , da Mota Santana Lucas Alves , Avanci Lorrany da Silva , Souza Daniel Vitor de , Lima Bruno Natan Santana , Soares Andréa Ferreira , Sousa Sílvia Ferreira de , Trento Cleverson Luciano , Ribeiro Daniel Araki , Takeshita Wilton Mitsunari 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis pilot study aimed to evaluate the mutagenic effects in cells of the oral mucosa after exposure to two different cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).MethodsEighteen adults were submitted to the different CBCT (Carestream CS8100 3D and I‐CAT). The cells were collected immediately before the CBCT exposure and 10 days later, when the material was placed on a slide and stained using the Feulgen/Fast Green technique. Microscopic analysis counted micronuclei and other nuclear alterations, which are indicative of cytotoxicity such as pyknosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis, and binucletion. 2000 cells were analyzed. The statistical analysis was performed with the Wilcoxon Signed‐Rank test to compare the frequency of cellular alterations, and the Mann–Whitney U test to compare different CBCTs, both with a significance level of 5%.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in the micronucleated cell count before and after the exposition to the ionizing radiation from I‐CAT (p = .298) and CS8100 3D (p = .203) A significate increase of pyknosis (p < .001), karyolysis (p < .001), karyorrhexis (p < .001), and binucletion (p < .001) were noted on I‐CAT CBCT. There was no statistically significant difference in cellular alterations in CS8100 3D CBCT.ConclusionDespite the increase in micronuclei after exposure, this study indicates that there is no evidence of genotoxicity. On the other hand, the I‐CAT CBCT produced cytotoxic effects.
Insights into the diet and trophic ecology of white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) gained through DNA metabarcoding analyses of cloacal swabs
Authors: Clark Zach S. R. , Fish Jessica J. , Butcher Paul A. , Holland Owen J. , Sherman Craig D. H. , Rizzari Justin , Weeks Andrew R. , Miller Adam D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) is one of the world's largest apex predators found throughout the world's temperate and subtropical marine environments. However, the species has suffered significant declines in recent decades and effective conservation programs require a sound knowledge of white shark biology and ecology. In particular, information on white shark diet across life stages and the species' range is needed to identify critical trophic interactions supporting shark populations and to predict the resilience of white sharks to environmental changes. In this study, we reassess the diet and trophic ecology of white sharks via the genetic analyses of cloacal swabs from 214 juvenile and subadult sharks from eastern Australia. Our findings are largely consistent with those of previous studies based on visual analyses of gut contents but highlight the unprecedented taxonomic resolution of prey items offered by genomic assessments of shark cloacal swabs. Diets consisted primarily of ray‐finned fishes, with Mugiliformes, Carangiformes, Perciformes, and Scombriformes being dominant prey taxa, but with elasmobranchs, marine mammals, and birds also being common dietary constituents. Statistical analyses revealed a significant effect of sex and sampling location on diet composition, indicating biological and spatial variability in diets and predatory behavior. Overall, these findings support the notion that juvenile and subadult white sharks are opportunistic predators, which may provide some level of resilience to shifts in marine resources. However, frequently consumed ray‐finned fishes, many of which are commercially targeted, may be key to supporting white shark populations in eastern Australia. This study represents the most comprehensive analysis of juvenile and subadult white shark diets performed to date and provides added confidence in the genomic analysis of cloacal swabs for dietary assessments of predatory species. These results are expected to help inform management geared toward conserving this important marine predator across the world's oceans.
Insights into the Self‐Filling Effects of Branched Isopropyl Groups on the Conformational and Supramolecular Properties of Isopropoxyprism[6]arene
Authors: Del Regno Rocco , Della Sala Paolo , Hickey Neal , Geremia Silvano , Talotta Carmen , Neri Placido , Gaeta Carmine 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this work, the direct macrocyclization of a prism[6]arene macrocycle bearing branched alkyl chains on the rims is reported. Isopropoxyprism[6]arene adopts in solution and in the solid state a cuboid D2‐conformation in which four isopropyl groups are folded inside the cavity, to give C−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions and filling the internal void. The conformational features of isopropoxyprism[6]arene have been studied by dynamic 1H NMR experiments. The presence of branched isopropyl chains on the prism[6]arene rims, stabilizes the cuboid D2‐conformation to a greater extent than ethyl or propyl groups in PrS[6]Et and PrS[6]nPr. The higher resistance of PrS[6]iPr to open its cuboid D2 conformation, with respect to PrS[6]Et and PrS[6]nPr, also affected its binding abilities. In fact, alkylammonium‐based endo‐cavity complexes of PrS[6]iPr show lower binding constant values than the analogous propoxy/ethoxy‐prism[6]arene complexes.
Probing passivity of corroding metals using scanning electrochemical probe microscopy
Authors: Skaanvik Sebastian Amland , Gateman Samantha Michelle 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPassive films are essential for the longevity of metals and alloys in corrosive environments. A great deal of research has been devoted to understanding and characterizing passive films, including their chemical composition, uniformity, thickness, porosity, and conductivity. Many characterization techniques are conducted under vacuum, which do not portray the true in‐service environments passive films will endure. Scanning electrochemical probe microscopy (SEPM) techniques have emerged as necessary tools to complement research on characterizing passive films to enable the in situ extraction of passive film parameters and monitoring of local breakdown events of compromised films. Herein, we review the current research efforts using scanning electrochemical microscopy, scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (or droplet cell measurements), and local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques to advance the knowledge of local properties of passivated metals. The future use of SEPM for quantitative extraction of local film characteristics within in‐service environments (i.e., with varying pH, solution composition, and applied potential) is promising, which can be correlated to nanostructural and microstructural features of the passive film and underlying metal using complementary microscopy and spectroscopy methods. The outlook on this topic is highlighted, including exciting avenues and challenges of these methods in characterizing advanced alloy systems and protective surface films.
Human impacts on infilling rates of hollows in landslide‐prone areas of western Japan: Estimation from radiocarbon dates and high‐resolution DEMs
Authors: Hattanji Tsuyoshi , Koga Wataru , Kawano Takatoshi , Harada Shunsuke , Furuichi Takahisa , Doshida Shoji , Tanaka Yasushi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe infilling rate of hollows is one of the primary factors affecting the recurrence interval of shallow landslides. Although many studies have focused on colluvium in hollows under various regional settings, few have directly estimated the infilling rates from radiocarbon dating and airborne LIDAR digital elevation models (DEMs) in shallow landslide scars. In this work, we analysed the radiocarbon dates of charcoal in the colluvium in the granitic mountains of Hiroshima and Hofu, where heavy rainfall has caused multiple shallow landslides in recent years. A total of 27 samples were collected from landslide scars in seven hollows, and the infilling rates were inferred from the calibrated radiocarbon ages and pre‐landslide depth of the samples estimated from the DEMs before the landslide event. Topographic parameters including local slope gradient and size of the source area were also measured using the DEMs. Our findings showed that the calibrated radiocarbon ages of colluvium in hollows ranged from about 350 to 1700 cal BP, and the infilling rates ranged from about 0.2 ± 0.2 to 5.4 ± 0.9 mm/y. In the two hollows with limited human impacts, the infilling rates were relatively low, and there is a trend of increase with increasing source‐area size and topographic curvature. In contrast, infilling rates were very high at two hollows with intensive human impacts where active surface erosion occurred from the 17th to the early 20th century. Three hollows located around the ruins of a medieval castle near the drainage divides of the source area also had relatively high infilling rates. For the hollows with intensive human impacts, the infilling rates were not controlled by topographic attributes such as source‐area size and curvature.
Seeking pedagogical opportunities to engage university students in emergency online learning: The role of online course experiences
Authors: Yin Hongbiao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEchoing the call for improving the definition and measurement of online student engagement, this study examined the association between students' engagement and their online course experiences in emergency online learning during COVID‐19. A sample of 5672 undergraduate students from eight higher education institutions in China participated in the study. The results of structural equation modeling analysis showed that students' online course experiences were significantly related to their motivation and/or engagement in emergency online learning. Three types of pedagogical factors influencing student engagement were identified, namely, three “extensively adaptive factors,” two “partially adaptive factors,” and one “dual‐effect factor.” These findings indicate the importance of teacher training for instructors to make better use of online learning, and reveal the pedagogical opportunities to improve student engagement in technology‐mediated learning in the postpandemic era.
Deal completion in cross border acquisitions waves: The role of deal timing and pace
Authors: Fuad Mohammad , Gaur Ajai S. , Pattnaik Chinmay 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryCross‐border acquisitions (CBAs) exhibit a wave‐like pattern, clustering temporally, industry‐wise, and at the country level. We draw upon the bargaining power perspective and argue that CBA wave context alters the relative bargaining position between acquirer and target firms, which affects deal completion. Our findings suggest that acquisition wave deals have a lower likelihood of completion compared to non‐wave deals. However, within a CBA wave, we find that acquirers that move early and with a high acquisition pace have a higher likelihood of deal completion. We test our arguments on a simulation‐based dataset comprising 17,815 wave and non‐wave deals identified between 1990 and 2012 across 13 acquirer and 21 target countries. We contribute to the CBA literature by differentiating between wave and non‐wave environments and their impact on deal completion.Managerial SummaryCross‐border acquisitions (CBAs) often happen in waves that emerge at the industry and country‐levels. These waves are characterized by heightened level of acquisition activities such that the relative position of acquirer and target firms is different within waves as compared to outside of the waves. As a result, acquisition deals announced within waves are less likely to be completed than those announced outside of the waves. At the same time, acquiring firms that announce acquisitions at an early stage within a CBA wave and move with a faster speed to conduct more acquisitions are more likely to successfully close the deals than other firms.
Exploring young adult texts within the Historically Responsive Literacy Framework with preservice teachers
Authors: Pule Heather 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhile culturally responsive texts have become more common in teacher education, too often, preservice teachers (PTs) are not asked to examine how to use these books pedagogically. To address this issue, in a young adult (YA) literature course, the Framework for Culturally and Historically Responsive Literacy (HRL) (Muhammad, 2000) Cultivating genius: An equity framework for culturally and historically responsive literacy, 2020; Scholastic) was used in conjunction with representative and inclusive YA trade books. Data analysis was conducted on PT's course work, including HRL unit plans, to determine whether PTs were able to implement Muhammad's (2020) framework using YA texts. The findings of this study show that PTs' understanding of the HRL tenets was at varying levels. While there were unit plans with learning goals that matched Muhammad's purpose and definition for each tenet and YA connections for every tenet, PTs showed a better understanding of the tenets of identity and intellect than skills and Criticality. Implications of these findings including exposing PTs to learning frameworks “written by people of color and designed for children of color” (Muhammad, 2020, p. 11) to create instruction that meets their future students' needs and does not just skim the surface of culturally responsive pedagogies.
Periprosthetic Joint Infections of the Knee Lastingly Impact the Bone Homeostasis
Authors: Bandick Evgeniya , Biedermann Lara , Ren Yi , Donner Stefanie , Thiele Mario , Korus Gabriela , Tsitsilonis Serafeim , Müller Michael , Duda Georg , Perka Carsten , Kienzle Arne 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
After periprosthetic joint infection (PJI)-dependent revision surgery, a significantly elevated number of patients suffer from prosthesis failure due to aseptic loosening and require additional revision surgery despite clearance of the initial infection. The mechanisms underlying this pathology are not well understood, as it has been assumed that the bone stock recovers after revision surgery. Despite clinical evidence suggesting decreased osteogenic potential in PJI, understanding of the underlying biology remains limited. In this study, we investigated the impact of PJI on bone homeostasis in a two-stage exchange approach at explantation and reimplantation. Sixty-four human tibial and femoral specimens (20 control, 20 PJI septic explantation, and 24 PJI prosthesis reimplantation samples) were analyzed for their bone microstructure, cellular composition, and expression of relevant genetic markers. Samples were analyzed using X-ray microtomography, Alcian blue and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, and RT-qPCR. In patients with PJI, bone volume (BV/TV; 0.173 ± 0.026; p &lt; 0.001), trabecular thickness (164.262 ± 18.841 μm; p &lt; 0.001), and bone mineral density (0.824 ± 0.017 g/cm2; p = 0.049) were reduced; trabecular separation (1833.939 ± 178.501 μm; p = 0.005) was increased. While prevalence of osteoclasts was elevated (N.Oc/BS: 0.663 ± 0.102, p &lt; 0.001), osteoblast cell numbers were lower at explantation (N.Ob/BS: 0.149 ± 0.021; p = 0.047). Mean expression of bone homeostasis markers osteocalcin, osteopontin, Runx2, TSG-6, and FGF-2 was significantly reduced at prosthesis explantation. Despite partial recovery, all analyzed parameters were still significantly impacted at reimplantation. In contrast, mean expression of osteoclastogenesis-stimulating cytokine IL-17a was significantly increased at both explantation and reimplantation. In this study, we found a strong and lasting impact of PJI on the bone homeostasis on a molecular, cellular, and microstructural level. These changes may be responsible for the increased risk of prosthesis failure due to aseptic loosening. Our data suggest there is significant potential in modulating bone homeostasis to improve prosthesis fixation and long-term clinical outcome in affected patients. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Open shell versus closed shell bonding interaction in cyclopropane derivatives: EDA‐NOCV analyses
Authors: Suthar Sonam , Mondal Kartik Chandra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCyclopropane ring is a very common motif in organic/bio‐organic compounds. The chemical bonding of this strained ring is taught to all chemistry students. This three‐membered cyclic, C3 ring is quite reactive which has attracted both, synthetic and theoretical chemists to rationalize/correlate its stability and bonding with its reactivity and physical properties over a century. There are a few bonding models (mainly the Bent–Bond model and Walsh model) of this C3 ring that are debated to date. Herein, we have carried out energy decomposition analysis coupled with natural orbital for chemical valence (EDA‐NOCV) to study the two most reactive bonds of cyclopropane rings of 49 different organic compounds containing different functional groups to obtain a much deeper bonding insight toward a more general bonding model of this class of compounds. The EDA‐NOCV analyses of fragment orbitals and susequent bond formation revealed that the nature of the CC bond of the cyclopropane (splitting two bonds at a time out of three CC bonds) ring is preferred to form two dative covalent CC bonds (between a singlet olefin‐fragment and an excited singlet carbene‐fragment with a vacant sp2 orbital and a filled p‐orbital) for the majority (37/49) of compounds over two covalent electron sharing bonds in some (7/49) compounds (between an excited triplet olefin and triplet carbene), while a few (5/49) compounds show flexibility to adopt either the electron sharing or dative covalent bond as both are equally possible. The effects of functional groups on the nature of chemical bond in cyclopropane rings have been studied in detail. Our bonding analyses are in line with the QTAIM analyses which produce small negative values of the Laplacian, significantly positive values of bond ellipticity, and accumulation of electron densities around the ring critical point of C3‐rings. These corresponding QTAIM parameters of C3‐rings are quite different for CC single bonds of normal hydrocarbons as expected. The chemical bonding in the majority of cyclopropane rings can be very similar to those of metal–olefin systems.