bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The worsening divergence of biotechnology: the importance of risk culture
Authors: Trump Benjamin D. , Cummings Christopher L. , Loschin Nicholas , Keisler Jeffrey M. , Wells Emily M. , Linkov Igor 
Published: August 2023

In the last 20 years, the field of biotechnology has made significant progress and attracted substantial investments, leading to different paths of technological modernization among nations. As a result, there is now an international divide in the commercial and intellectual capabilities of biotechnology, and the implications of this divergence are not well understood. This raises important questions about why global actors are motivated to participate in biotechnology modernization, the challenges they face in achieving their goals, and the possible future direction of global biotechnology development. Using the framework of prospect theory, this paper explores the role of risk culture as a fundamental factor contributing to this divergence. It aims to assess the risks and benefits associated with the early adoption of biotechnology and the regulatory frameworks that shape the development and acceptance of biotechnological innovations. By doing so, it provides valuable insights into the future of biotechnology development and its potential impact on the global landscape.
A cross-sectional study: exploring the relationship between commuting time and subjective wellbeing in the UAE
Authors: Razzak Hira Abdul , ElShamy Amin , Harbi Alya , AlKarbi Mubarkah , Al Shaali Lubna , Salama Rasha , Alosi Ahmed , Madi Haifa H. N. 
Published: August 2023

Background: Commuting has become an integral part of modern life, impacting individuals’ daily routines and overall wellbeing. The duration of commuting has been recognized as important determinants of subjective wellbeing, with potential implications for public health.Aim: To examine the association between commuting time and subjective wellbeing across the seven emirates of the UAE.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on adults aged 18 years and above, encompassing both officially employed and self-employed individuals in the UAE. The sample of 5,476 participants was randomly selected from the population across the seven Emirates. To assess subjective wellbeing, the WHO-5 instrument, available in 31 languages and known for its ease of completion, scoring, and interpretation, was employed. Both Arabic and English versions of the tool were provided to the participants. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between commuting time and wellbeing, while controlling for individual, social, economic, and environmental factors. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated to determine the association with poor wellbeing.Results: The commuting time was associated with a higher odds ratio (OR) of experiencing poor subjective wellbeing. This association remained consistent even after accounting for individual, social, economic, and environmental factors in the analysis models. Among employees with commuting times greater than 60 min, the adjusted OR of poor subjective wellbeing was 2.24 (95% CI, 1.82–2.77) times higher compared to individuals with less than 15 min of commuting time. Similarly, for employees with commuting times between 31 and 60 min, the adjusted OR of poor subjective wellbeing was 1.7 (95% CI, 1.39–2.09) times higher, while for those with commuting times between 15 and 30 min, the adjusted OR was 1.26 (95% CI, 1.04–1.53) times higher, both compared to individuals with less than 15 min of commuting time.Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that commuting time plays a crucial role in determining the subjective wellbeing of employees in the UAE. Specifically, employees with longer commuting times tend to report lower levels of subjective wellbeing. This suggests a potential opportunity to implement policies aimed at reducing commuting durations, which could ultimately enhance the wellbeing of the employed workforce. Such measures have the potential to positively impact the mental wellbeing of employees in the United Arab Emirates.
Incidence and predictors of mortality in children with diabetic ketoacidosis in the comprehensive specialized referral hospitals of West Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study
Authors: Shimelash Rahel Asres , Belay Getaneh Mulualem , Aknaw Worknesh , Shibabaw Aster Tadesse , Adebabay Aderajew Agmas , Gedefaw Gezahagn Demsu , Kassie Tadele Derbew , Zemariam Alemu Birara 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundDiabetic ketoacidosis is one of the major life-threatening conditions associated with acute metabolic complications. It remains a major public health problem in developing countries such as Ethiopia.ObjectiveTo assess the incidence and prediction of mortality in children with diabetic ketoacidosis in West Amhara Region Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, in 2022.MethodsAn institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 423 study participants with a confirmed diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis from 01/01/2017 to 31/12/2021. Data were entered, coded, cleaned, and checked using Epi-Data version 4.6 and exported to Stata version 14 for data analysis.ResultsA total of 401 child records were included in the final analysis and were followed for 3781 days during the study period. The overall mortality of children with diabetic ketoacidosis was 10.6 per 1000 person-days observed (95% CI: 7.8-14.4) during the entire follow-up period. Hypoglycemia (AHR=4.6; 95% CI: 2.13-10.1), rural residence (AHR=2.9; 95% CI=1.01-8.11), age younger than five (AHR=4.4; 95% CI=1.4-13.7) or between five and 10 (AHR=3.1; 95% CI=1.1-8.8), and female gender (AHR=2.6; 95% CI=1.1-5.8) were significant predictors of mortality.ConclusionsThe incidence rate of mortality in children with diabetic ketoacidosis was relatively high. Age, rural residence, female gender, and hypoglycemia were significantly predictive of mortality. Community education or mass campaigns about the signs and symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis may reduce the mortality rate in children.
Molecular typing and prognostic risk models for ovarian cancer: a study based on cell differentiation trajectory
Authors: Chen Tingfeng , Ni Tingting , Mu Lan , Ying Zhou , Zhang Hanqun , Wang Zi 
Published: August 2023

Ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous disease with different molecular phenotypes. We performed molecular typing of ovarian cancer using cell differentiation trajectory analysis and proposed a prognostic risk scoring model. Using the copy number variation provided by inferCNV, we identified malignant tumor cells. Then, ovarian cancer samples were divided into four subtypes based on differentiation-related genes (DRGs). There were significant differences in survival rates, clinical features, tumor microenvironment scores, and the expression levels of ICGs among the subtypes. Based on nine DRGs, a prognostic risk score model was generated (AUC at 1 year: 0.749; 3 years: 0.651). Then we obtained a nomogram of the prognostic variable combination, including risk scores and clinicopathological characteristics, and predicted the 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival. Finally, we explored some issues of immune escape using the established risk model. Our study demonstrates the significant influence of cell differentiation on predicting prognosis in OV patients and provides new insights for OV treatment and potential immunotherapeutic strategies.
Post-TAVR patients with atrial fibrillation: are NOACs better than VKAs?—A meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Lu , Sang Wanyue , Jian Yi , Zhang Xiaoxue , Han Yafan , Wang Feifei , Wang Liang , Yang Suxia , Wubulikasimu Subinuer , Yang Li , Sun Huaxin , Li Yaodong 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the efficacy of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) with traditional anticoagulants vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) post transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).MethodsStudies comparing the usage of NOACs and VKAs in AF patients with oral anticoagulant indication post-TAVR were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, and Cochrane databases from their building-up to Jan. 2023. The literature was screened in line of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Risk ratio (RR) or odds ratio (OR),95% confidence interval (CI) and number needed to treat (NNT) were calculated for four main indexes that composite endpoints composed mainly of any clinically relevant risk events, stroke, major bleeding, and all-cause mortality. Subsequently, a meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan5.3 and Stata 16.0 software.ResultsIn the aggregate of thirteen studies, contained 30388 post-TAVR patients with AF, were included in this meta-analysis. Our results indicated that there was no significant difference in stroke between the NOACs group and the VKAs group, and the NOACs group had a numerically but non-significantly higher number of composite endpoint events compared with the other group. Nevertheless, the incidence of major bleeding [11.29% vs. 13.89%, RR 0.82, 95%CI (0.77,0.88), P &lt; 0.00001, I² = 69%, NNT = 38] and all-cause mortality [14.18% vs. 17.61%, RR 0.83, 95%CI (0.79,0.88), p &lt; 0.00001, I² = 82%, NNT = 29] were significantly lower in the NOACs group than another group.ConclusionTaken together, our data indicated that the usage of NOACs reduced the incidence of major bleeding and all-cause mortality compared to VKAs in post-TAVR patients with AF.
Characterization of impaired beta and alpha cell function in response to an oral glucose challenge in cystic fibrosis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nielsen Bibi Uhre , Mathiesen Inger Hee Mabuza , Møller Rikke , Krogh-Madsen Rikke , Katzenstein Terese Lea , Pressler Tacjana , Shaw James A. M. , Ritz Christian , Rickels Michael R. , Stefanovski Darko , Almdal Thomas Peter , Faurholt-Jepsen Daniel 
Published: August 2023

AimsThe purpose of the study was to further elucidate the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF)-related diabetes (CFRD) and potential drivers of hypoglycaemia. Hence, we aimed to describe and compare beta cell function (insulin and proinsulin) and alpha cell function (glucagon) in relation to glucose tolerance in adults with CF and to study whether hypoglycaemia following oral glucose challenge may represent an early sign of islet cell impairment.MethodsAdults with CF (≥18 years) were included in a cross-sectional study using an extended (-10, -1, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min) or a standard (-1, 30, 60, and 120 min) oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Participants were classified according to glucose tolerance status and hypoglycaemia was defined as 3-hour glucose &lt;3.9 mmol/L in those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and early glucose intolerance (EGI).ResultsAmong 93 participants, 67 underwent an extended OGTT. In addition to worsening in insulin secretion, the progression to CFRD was associated with signs of beta cell stress, as the fasting proinsulin-to-insulin ratio incrementally increased (p-value for trend=0.013). The maximum proinsulin level (pmol/L) was positively associated with the nadir glucagon, as nadir glucagon increased 6.2% (95% confidence interval: 1.4-11.3%) for each unit increase in proinsulin. Those with hypoglycaemia had higher 60-min glucose, 120-min C-peptide, and 180-min glucagon levels (27.8% [11.3-46.7%], 42.9% [5.9-92.85%], and 80.3% [14.9-182.9%], respectively) and unaltered proinsulin-to-insulin ratio compared to those without hypoglycaemia.ConclusionsThe maximum proinsulin concentration was positively associated with nadir glucagon during the OGTT, suggesting that beta cell stress is associated with abnormal alpha cell function in adults with CF. In addition, hypoglycaemia seemed to be explained by a temporal mismatch between glucose and insulin levels rather than by an impaired glucagon response.
Economic dispatch of generation load aggregators based on two-stage robust optimization
Authors: Zhang Haonan , Tian Youwen , Zhao Yi , Liu Qingyu , Zhang Nannan 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: In recent years, with the rapid development of renewable energy generation, the stability of the power grid has been greatly reduced. In response to this problem, integrating the user side transferable load into the power market has become the key to the development of future power grid. At present, large transferable loads have entered the electricity market in some pilot areas of China, but the relevant research on small and medium-sized transferable users entering the electricity market is still few.Methods: This paper proposes the concept of generation load aggregators. A two-stage generation load aggregator robust optimization model is developed to obtain the scheduling scheme with the lowest operating cost under the worst scenario. The model consists of distributed renewable power, transferable load, self-provided power, energy storage, etc. Uncertainties of renewable energy and load are introduced in the model. By using the column constraint generation algorithm and strong pairwise theory, the original problem is decomposed into the main problem and sub-problems to be solved alternately, so as to obtain the scheduling scheme with the lowest operating cost in the worst scenario under different conservatism.Results: The solved results are compared with those without the generation load aggregator, illustrating the role of the generation load aggregator in relieving peak and valley pressure on the grid from the load side, reducing the cost of electricity for loads, and promoting the consumption of renewable energy. The comparison with the deterministic optimization algorithm shows a significant decrease in the total cost and validates the performance of the selected solution algorithm. The boundary conditions for the use of energy storage by generation load aggregators for peak and valley reduction under the time-sharing tariff mechanism are also derived.Discussion: This study can provide reference for the investors of generation load aggregators when planning whether to install energy storage or the scale of energy storage, and also help the power market management department to design a reasonable incentive mechanism.
Synthetic 5-amino-6-D-ribitylaminouracil paired with inflammatory stimuli facilitates MAIT cell expansion in vivo
Authors: Nelson Adam G. , Wang Huimeng , Dewar Phoebe M. , Eddy Eleanor M. , Li Songyi , Lim Xin Yi , Patton Timothy , Zhou Yuchen , Pediongco Troi J. , Meehan Lucy J. , Meehan Bronwyn S. , Mak Jeffrey Y. W. , Fairlie David P. , Stent Andrew W. , Kjer-Nielsen Lars , McCluskey James , Eckle Sidonia B. G. , Corbett Alexandra J. , Souter Michael N. T. , Chen Zhenjun 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionMucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a population of innate-like T cells, which mediate host immunity to microbial infection by recognizing metabolite antigens derived from microbial riboflavin synthesis presented by the MHC-I-related protein 1 (MR1). Namely, the potent MAIT cell antigens, 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-D-ribitylaminouracil (5-OP-RU) and 5-(2-oxoethylideneamino)-6-D-ribitylaminouracil (5-OE-RU), form via the condensation of the riboflavin precursor 5-amino-6-D-ribitylaminouracil (5-A-RU) with the reactive carbonyl species (RCS) methylglyoxal (MG) and glyoxal (G), respectively. Although MAIT cells are abundant in humans, they are rare in mice, and increasing their abundance using expansion protocols with antigen and adjuvant has been shown to facilitate their study in mouse models of infection and disease. MethodsHere, we outline three methods to increase the abundance of MAIT cells in C57BL/6 mice using a combination of inflammatory stimuli, 5-A-RU and MG.ResultsOur data demonstrate that the administration of synthetic 5-A-RU in combination with one of three different inflammatory stimuli is sufficient to increase the frequency and absolute numbers of MAIT cells in C57BL/6 mice. The resultant boosted MAIT cells are functional and can provide protection against a lethal infection of Legionella longbeachae.ConclusionThese results provide alternative methods for expanding MAIT cells with high doses of commercially available 5-A-RU (± MG) in the presence of various danger signals.
Combining single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptome sequencing to identify exosome-related features of glioblastoma and constructing a prognostic model to identify BARD1 as a potential therapeutic target for GBM patients
Authors: Zhao Songyun , Wang Qi , Ni Kaixiang , Zhang Pengpeng , Liu Yuan , Xie Jiaheng , Ji Wei , Cheng Chao , Zhou Qiang 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant primary brain tumor. This study focused on exploring the exosome-related features of glioblastoma to better understand its cellular composition and molecular characteristics.MethodsSingle-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptome RNA sequencing (stRNA-seq) were used to analyze the heterogeneity of glioblastomas. After data integration, cell clustering, and annotation, five algorithms were used to calculate scores for exosome-related genes(ERGs). Cell trajectory analysis and intercellular communication analysis were performed to explore exosome-related communication patterns. Spatial transcriptome sequencing data were analyzed to validate the findings. To further utilize exosome-related features to aid in clinical decision-making, a prognostic model was constructed using GBM’s bulk RNA-seq.ResultsDifferent cell subpopulations were observed in GBM, with Monocytes/macrophages and malignant cells in tumor samples showing higher exosome-related scores. After identifying differentially expressed ERGs in malignant cells, pseudotime analysis revealed the cellular status of malignant cells during development. Intercellular communication analysis highlighted signaling pathways and ligand-receptor interactions. Spatial transcriptome sequencing confirmed the high expression of exosome-related gene features in the tumor core region. A prognostic model based on six ERGs was shown to be predictive of overall survival and immunotherapy outcome in GBM patients. Finally, based on the results of scRNA-seq and prognostic modeling as well as a series of cell function experiments, BARD1 was identified as a novel target for the treatment of GBM.ConclusionThis study provides a comprehensive understanding of the exosome-related features of GBM in both scRNA-seq and stRNA-seq, with malignant cells with higher exosome-related scores exhibiting stronger communication with Monocytes/macrophages. In terms of spatial data, highly scored malignant cells were also concentrated in the tumor core region. In bulk RNA-seq, patients with a high exosome-related index exhibited an immunosuppressive microenvironment, which was accompanied by a worse prognosis as well as immunotherapy outcomes. Prognostic models constructed using ERGs are expected to be independent prognostic indicators for GBM patients, with potential implications for personalized treatment strategies for GBM. Knockdown of BARD1 in GBM cell lines reduces the invasive and value-added capacity of tumor cells, and thus BARD1-positively expressing malignant cells are a risk factor for GBM patients.
Disconnectome associated with progressive white matter hyperintensities in aging: a virtual lesion study
Authors: Li Meng , Habes Mohamad , Grabe Hans , Kang Yan , Qi Shouliang , Detre John A. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveWhite matter hyperintensities (WMH) are commonly seen on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in older adults and are associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia. This study aims to estimate changes in the structural connectome due to age-related WMH by using a virtual lesion approach.MethodsHigh-quality diffusion-weighted imaging data of 30 healthy subjects were obtained from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) database. Diffusion tractography using q-space diffeomorphic reconstruction (QSDR) and whole brain fiber tracking with 107 seed points was conducted using diffusion spectrum imaging studio and the brainnetome atlas was used to parcellate a total of 246 cortical and subcortical nodes. Previously published WMH frequency maps across age ranges (50’s, 60’s, 70’s, and 80’s) were used to generate virtual lesion masks for each decade at three lesion frequency thresholds, and these virtual lesion masks were applied as regions of avoidance (ROA) in fiber tracking to estimate connectivity changes. Connections showing significant differences in fiber density with and without ROA were identified using paired tests with False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction.ResultsDisconnections appeared first from the striatum to middle frontal gyrus (MFG) in the 50’s, then from the thalamus to MFG in the 60’s and extending to the superior frontal gyrus in the 70’s, and ultimately including much more widespread cortical and hippocampal nodes in the 80’s.ConclusionChanges in the structural disconnectome due to age-related WMH can be estimated using the virtual lesion approach. The observed disconnections may contribute to the cognitive and sensorimotor deficits seen in aging.
Initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy confers suboptimal beneficial effects on neurovascular function in people with HIV
Authors: Singh Meera V. , Uddin Md Nasir , Singh Vir B. , Peterson Angelique N. , Murray Kyle D. , Zhuang Yuchuan , Tyrell Alicia , Wang Lu , Tivarus Madalina E. , Zhong Jianhui , Qiu Xing , Schifitto Giovanni 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionDue to advances in combined anti-retroviral treatment (cART), there is an increased burden of age-related cerebrovascular disease (CBVD), in people living with HIV (PWH). The underlying CNS injury can be assessed by measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR).Methods35 treatment-naïve PWH and 53 HIV negative controls (HC) were enrolled in this study. Study participants underwent T1-weighted anatomical, pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling, and resting-state functional MRI to obtain measures of CBF and CVR prior to starting cART treatment and at two-time points (12 weeks and 2 years) post-cART initiation. Controls were scanned at the baseline and 2-year visits. We also measured plasma levels of microparticles of endothelial and glial origin and well-known endothelial inflammation markers, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, to assess HIV-associated endothelial inflammation and the interaction of these peripheral markers with brain neurovascular function.ResultsHIV infection was found to be associated with reduced CVR and increased levels of endothelial and glial microparticles (MPs) prior to initiation of cART. Further, CVR correlated negatively with peripheral MP levels in PWH.DiscussionOur results suggest that while cART treatment has a beneficial effect on the neurovascular function after initiation, these benefits are suboptimal over time.