bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attenuated but immunostimulatory Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis strain Ravenel shows variation in T cell epitopes
Authors: Brenner Evan P. , Sreevat Srinand 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) organisms, affects a range of humans and animals globally. Mycobacterial pathogenesis involves manipulation of the host immune system, partially through antigen presentation. Epitope sequences across the MTBC are evolutionarily hyperconserved, suggesting their recognition is advantageous for the bacterium. Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis (MBO) strain Ravenel is an isolate known to provoke a robust immune response in cattle, but typically fails to produce lesions and persist. Unlike attenuated MBO BCG strains that lack the critical RD1 genomic region, Ravenel is classic-type MBO genetically, suggesting genetic variation is responsible for defective pathogenesis. This work explores variation in epitope sequences in MBO Ravenel by whole genome sequencing, and contrasts such variation against a fully virulent clinical isolate, MBO strain 10-7428. Validated MTBC epitopes (n=4,818) from the Immune Epitope Database were compared to their sequences in MBO Ravenel and MBO 10-7428. Ravenel yielded 3 modified T cell epitopes, in genes rpfB, argC, and rpoA, with changes not in silico predicted to significantly affect protein stability. In contrast, no T cells epitopes were changed in 10-7428. Considering T cell epitope hyperconservation across MTBC variants, these altered MBO Ravenel epitopes support a contribution to its attenuation. The affected genes may provide clues on basic pathogenesis, and if so, be feasible targets for reverse vaccinology.
Excessive Internet use among Finnish young people between 2017 and 2021 and the effect of COVID-19
Authors: Kiviruusu Olli 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Purpose
An increase in excessive Internet use (EIU) among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic was suggested in many studies. However, these studies were mostly based on cross-sectional and/or unrepresentative samples.
Methods
Using data from a nationwide Finnish school survey in the years 2017, 2019 and 2021 (N=450,864; aged 13–20 years), changes in the prevalence of EIU (EIUS, 5-item) were assessed. The effects of COVID-19 (year 2021 vs. 2017/2019 combined) and linear trend were analyzed in logistic regression models. Models were adjusted for loneliness, depression, anxiety, and sociodemographic factors.
Results
Among males, EIU prevalence varied minimally (7.8–8.1%) from 2017 to 2021. Among females, the prevalence increased from 6.8% to 11.7% and the effect of COVID-19 was significant (OR=1.53; p<0.001). Including the linear trend in the model turned the COVID-19 effect on EIU among females non-significant (p=0.625), whereas the trend was significant (OR=1.17; p<0.001). Adjusting the models with mental health-related factors attenuated the effect of COVID-19 to some extent, but not the effect of linear trend.
Conclusions
There is a sex difference in the way the prevalence of EIU developed from 2017 to 2021 among Finnish adolescents. In males, there was no indication of increased prevalence of EIU and among females, while the effect of COVID-19 was first found, it was also suggested to be a product of a trend already started before the COVID-19 pandemic. These results are in contrast with some earlier studies suggesting an effect of COVID-19 on EIU.
The Effects of Atmospheric Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulphur Dioxide on the Biochemical Factors of Plant Tolerance
Authors: ADAK PRASENJIT , KOUR NAVNEET 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) enter leaves through stomata and follow the same diffusion pathways as carbon dioxide (CO2). During the exposure of these pollutants the plants experience changes in the levels of their biochemical constituents (such as, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, leaf extract pH, and relative water content). Biochemical and Physiological changes in plant leaves are studied and quantified using air pollution tolerance index (APTI) formula. A plant with high APTI can be used as a tolerant, while a plant with a low APTI can be used as a crucial bio-monitor to track the level of air pollution. In the present study, APTI of 15 plants species were calculated. The leaves of the selected plants were sampled from six different locations in Punjab India. Simultaneously air quality data was collected from central pollution control board (CPCB) online monitoring portal. Among 15 species collected from Jalandhar, Amritsar, and Ludhiana, the Ficus religiosa has the highest APTI values (144.6, 176.7, and 280 respectively). Similarly in Sector 22, Sector 25 and Sector 53 of Chandigarh, Ficus benghalensis has been reported to have the highest APTI values. Moreover, the present study correlates the APTI and the concentration of gaseous air pollutants (SO2 and NO2) in the atmosphere. The APTI of the studied plant species has been found to have a negative correlation with SO2 but no significant correlation has been found with NO2. The current study provides pollutant-specific information and insights that can potentially contribute in improvement in the APTI formula.
Influence of warming with temperature oscillations on the life history traits of the Aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum and Megoura crassicauda
Authors: Mala Mukta , Hemmings Zac , Andrew Nigel R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOrganisms naturally experience diurnal temperature fluctuations and variable extreme environmental events rather than only static thermal regimes. Therefore, experimental studies that use only static mean daily, monthly or yearly temperatures overlook the possible influence of diurnal temperature fluctuations. Exposure to fluctuating temperatures enables an organism to perform more ‘naturally’ as they have a period of recovery, whereas under constant temperature, they do not have thermal recovery periods. This study compares the impacts of fluctuating and constant temperatures on the fitness and demographic parameters of the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum. We use four fluctuating temperature regimes that are increased by + 0°C, + 2°C, + 4°C and + 5°C from field-recorded, fluctuating base temperatures and four constant temperatures of 19°C, 21°C, 23°C and 24°C as treatments and also use a control temperature of 25°C. We find thatA. pisumexhibited faster development, quicker generation time (GT), lower population doubling time (DT), increased intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and a finite rate (λ) under warming conditions. In contrast, adult longevity, survival period, fecundity, net reproductive rate (R0), age-specific survivorship (lx) and age-specific fecundity (mx) were negatively affected by warming. The fluctuating thermal regimes improved overall fitness and all demographic parameters of both aphid species; therefore, we identify that daily fluctuating temperatures play a vital role in monitoring and predicting natural population dynamics. These results have implications for the experimental forecasting of natural population dynamics under climate change and global warming predictions.
The oral glucose tolerance test and short-term adverse outcomes among patients with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Geng Xin-ran , Li Jin-yan , Zeng Qian , Xu Guanying , Jia Bo , Wang Gui-jie , Zhou Xin-yu , Zhang Di , Li Fu-qiang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship between oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) findings and short-term adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
Methods We retrospectively collected 387 cases of pregnant womenwith gestational diabetes mellitus from 2020 to 2021 at the Maternity & Child Care Center of Dezhou and analyzed laboratory results. According to OGTT values, patients were divided into three groups, and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed; these included gestational weight gain, gestational hypertension, cesarean section, preterm birth, dead fetus, fetal distress, fetal growth restriction, congenital disabilities, macrosomia, and low birth weight. In group 1, 277 patients had abnormal OGTT values, and short-term adverse outcomes were studied.
Results Three abnormal OGTT points were accompanied by significant gestational weight gain, gestational hypertension incidence, and low birth weight incidence; the risks of cesarean section and preterm birth increased. Abnormal fasting plasma glucose was associated with gestational hypertension.
Conclusion OGTT findings can be used to alert clinicians to short-term adverse outcomes in mothers and infants. Clinicians should be aware of abnormal OGTT findings.
Multi-orbit Lunar GNSS Constellation Design with Distant Retrograde Orbit and Halo Orbit Combination
Authors: Wang K , Li Kezhao , Lv Shuaikang , Jiao YingXiang , Shen Yunyan , Yue Zhe , Xu Keke 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Moon is the closest natural planet to mankind, with valuable resources on it, and is an important base station for mankind to enter deep space. How to establish a reasonable lunar Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) to provide real-time positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services for moon exploration and development has become a hot spot for many international scholars. Based on the special spatial configuration characteristics of Libration point orbits (LPOs), the coverage capability of Halo orbits and Distant Retrograde Orbit (DRO) in LPOs is discussed and analyzed in detail. It is concluded that the Halo orbit with a period of 8 days has a better coverage effect on the lunar polar regions and the DRO has a more stable coverage effect on the lunar equatorial regions, and the multi-orbital lunar GNSS constellation with the optimized combination of DRO and Halo orbits is proposed by combining the advantages of both. This multi-orbital constellation can make up for the fact that a single type of orbit requires a larger number of satellites to fully cover the Moon, using a smaller number of satellites for the purpose of providing PNT services to the entire lunar surface. The design of the multi-orbital lunar GNSS constellation meeting the requirements of real-time positioning on the whole moon surface in two sets is given in combination with simulation calculations. The simulation experiment results show that the multi-orbital lunar GNSS constellation n combining DRO and Halo orbit can cover 100% of the moon surface, and there are more than 4 visible satellites at any time on the moon surface, which meets the navigation and positioning requirements, and the PDOP value is stable within 2.0, which can meet the demand for higher precision moon surface navigation and positioning.
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice attenuates Rat Uterine Contractions
Authors: Al-Habib Omar A. M. , Adam Lina N. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Aim of the study: The effects of pomegranate juice and its components on uterine smooth muscle are unknown. Hence, this study aimed to determine the effects of pomegranate juice on the myometrium and investigate their mechanisms of action.Methods Rat uterine smooth muscle horn strips were suspended in organ baths containing Krebs solution. Contractions were measured isometrically using a transducer (AD instrument Australia). The effects of pomegranate juice were evaluated on contractile activity elicited by potassium chloride (KCl 60Mm) depolarization. Inhibitors of nitric oxide (L-NAME 3X10− 4), guanylate cyclase (methylene blue 1*10− 5) and Prostaglandin I2 (indomethacin 3X10− 5); in addition, Potassium Channels blockers, as well as calcium signaling pathways, were determined.Results The juice at concentrations from 1.5-5 mg/ml significantly decreased the rat uterine horn contraction induced by KCl. The inhibitors of NO, cGMP, and PGI2 produced no blocking effect on the relaxation response. Furthermore, the PGI2 inhibitor significantly enhanced the relaxation effects; K + channel blockers did not have any inhibitory effects on the relaxation responses. Contrarily, GLIB significantly improved relaxation. The L-type Ca2 + channel blocker prevented spontaneous contraction of the uterine.Conclusion These findings imply that the active ingredient in pomegranate juice can be used to reduce uterine contractions. Pomegranate juice's action demonstrated that it could aid in treating disorders with uterotonic effects. It may be useful in preventing preterm birth and menstrual cramps, but more research is needed to determine the mechanism of action.Trial registration Code: AEC-013. Registered 23 October 2015.
High-sensitivity temperature sensor based on photonic crystal fiber filled with ethanol and toluene
Authors: Li Haiping , Ruan Juan , Li Xin , Xu ZhangLiang , Wei Guangyong , He Tao , Luo Yang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A surface plasmon resonance photonic crystal fiber-based highly sensitive temperature sensor is proposed. The surface plasmon resonance is induced by injecting toluene into the central hole and ethanol into the side holes coated with gold film. The coupling mechanism and sensing performance of the proposed sensor are analyzed. The results indicate that in the sensing range of 0°C - 70 °C, the highest Figure of Merit (FOM) is 0.1169/°Cand the average temperature sensitivity can reach 7.13 nm/°C. The sensor's sensitivity is also very consistent across the entire detection range. Such temperature sensor exhibits tremendous potential in the domain of temperature detection.
Human clostridia improve visceral hypersensitivity in stressed mice through upregulation of 5-HT4
Authors: Xiao Yaodong , Miao Bei , Li Bowen , Li Li , Zhao Yanchao , Zhang Cheng , Fei Sujuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHuman clostridia play a very important role in the human gastrointestinal tract. In this study, an irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) model was established using the water avoidance stress (WAS) method, Mice subjected to WAS were treated with saline, human clostridial solution (enriched with human clostridial cluster IV), prucalopride, the TPH antagonist PCPA or the 5-HT4 antagonist RS39604 for 1 week. TPH1, 5-HT4, PKA, CREB, and pCREB expression decreased in the distal colon and hippocampus of WAS mice, colonic SLC6A4 expression decreased and hippocampal SLC6A4 expression increased, and the number of 5-HT4-positive cells decreased. Human clostridia treatment was superior to the remaining treatments after 1 week; Clostridia-treated mice showed increased colonic and hippocampal expression of TPH1 and 5-HT4 signaling pathway-related proteins, increased colonic expression of SLC6A4, decreased hippocampal SLC6A4 expression, and increased numbers of 5-HT4-positive colonic cells. The use of PCPA or RS39604 influenced the effect of bacterial solution treatment, and human clostridia elevated fecal isovaleric acid levels. In conclusion, human clostridia improved visceral hypersensitivity by upregulating 5-HT4 signaling protein expression in the distal colon and hippocampus, demonstrating its therapeutic potential.
Psychological safety and self-regulated learning through near-peer learning for the sustainability of rural community-based medical education: grounded theory approach
Authors: Ohta Ryuichi , Sano Chiaki 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Difficulties in improving psychological safety in medical education can be attributed to the hierarchy of medical professionals. Near-peer learning (NPL) can increase learning between students and residents and improve psychological safety. Rural community-based medical education (CBME) can use an NPL framework to improve psychological safety and compensate for the lack of resources, leading to sustainability. This qualitative study aimed to clarify the effects of NPL on the psychological safety and learning of medical trainees in rural CBME. It used a grounded theory approach.Methods Thirty-eight medical students, twelve second-year residents, and eight family medicine residents participated in this study. Purposive sampling was used to address the research purposes of ethnographic and semi-structured interviews.Results Three themes were identified: facilitating learning, change in perception, and change in learning. Rural NPL-based CBME drove learners’ engagement in clinical practice through constant participation and reflection. Respecting and supporting learners’ motivation and participation and effectively accepting them increased their sense of ownership and psychological safety. Furthermore, it supported participants in becoming self-regulated learners.Conclusions Rural CBMEs lack healthcare and educational resources, but implementing NPL could make rural medical education sustainable, increasing the motivation of healthcare students and the number of medical staff working in rural contexts.
Pulse filed ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with Mitral and carvotricuspid isthmus dependent atrial flutter
Authors: He Jialing , Yang Guoshu , Luo Duan , Yang Yongxin , He Guijun , Zhang Zhen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Pulsed field ablation(PFA) as an nonthermal ablative mechanism is proved to be effective and safe in clinical application. Up to now, PFA is only used for atrial fibrillation ablation in limited clinical trials. This article describes a case of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in which mitral and carvotricuspid isthmus dependented atrial flutter was discovered incidentally during PFA operation and successfully ablated with PFA. This is the first medical record of PFA for atrial fibrillation combined with mitral isthmus atrial flutter, marking the promise of PFA in the treatment of other various kind of arrhythmia, including mitral isthmus related arrhythmia which was previously considered to be challenging in traditional ablation method.
Online deadline-constrained scheduling of parallel applications in CPSs
Authors: Liu Yifan , Du Chenglie , Chen Jinchao , Du Xiaoyan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
As a cutting-edge distributed intelligent system that seamlessly combines and collaborates between the information world and the physical world, cyber-physical systems (CPSs) possess vast practical applications. Given that CPSs are characterized by constant interaction with their surrounding environment, fluctuations in resource performance triggered by external changes present significant challenges for achieving optimal application scheduling. To harness the potential of heterogeneous and capacity-limited computing resources in CPSs, applications must be precisely modeled and allocated to resources to enhance their execution efficiency, even under uncertain conditions. Against this backdrop, this paper focuses on the online deadline-constrained scheduling problem of parallel applications and proposes a novel uncertainty-aware scheduling algorithm to schedule the applications in the changing environment. Firstly, parallel applications are expertly modeled as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), and a novel ranking methodology is employed to generate task priorities based on their urgency of completion. Subsequently, the optimal resources are meticulously chosen for each task to expedite execution, supplemented by a discarding mechanism to amplify the likelihood of successful application. Finally, the priority of tasks and resource status is updated based on environmental feedback to expertly tackle uncertainties. Experiments with randomly-generated applications conclusively demonstrate that the proposed approach boasts superior scheduling performance compared to similar algorithms.
Late presentation of traumatic tricuspid valve chordal rupture and pericardial rupture with cardiac herniation; a case report
Authors: Radovanovic Nebojsa , Prodanovic Maja , Radosavljevic-Radovanovic Mina , Bilbija Ilija , Petrovic Olga , Lojovic Nina , Kecman Emilija , Djekic Aleksandar , Radovanovic Milos , Matic Dragan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Although chest trauma happens very often, accompanying tricuspid valve injuries occur rarely and may be manifested by scarce symptoms and signs. Pericardial rupture with cardiac herniation is even bigger rarity. Transthoracic echocardiography plays a key role in diagnosis of valve injuries, but has limited value in cardiac herniation.Case presentation: We present the case of 58-year old man who experienced severe chest trauma in a car accident. Symptoms of right heart failure occurred 10 years after the injury, due to the loss of tricuspid leaflet support and significant tricuspid regurgitation. Intraoperatively, old posttraumatic pericardial rupture into left pleura was also found, with partial cardiac herniation and pressure of the edge of pericardium on coronary arteries (previously thought to be myocardial bridge, on coronary angiography).Conclusions This case emphasizes the importance of timely diagnosis and underlines a mechanism that leads to delayed rupture of the tricuspid valve apparatus. Repeated echocardiography in all patients who experienced chest trauma could be of great importance.
The number of peripheral blood Natural Killer cells cannot be applied as a therapeutic index for immunological abnormalities in unexplained Recurrent Miscarriage
Authors: Yan Niwei , Lee Pingyin , Jie Huiying , Yuan Yuan , Zhou Canquan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background The role of autoantibodies in recurrent miscarriage (RM) is unclear. Commonly studied autoimmune markers in RM include anti-nuclear (ANA), thyroid peroxidase (TPO-Ab), and anti-thyroid globulin antibodies (Tg-Ab) and peripheral blood natural killer (pbNK) cells. The correlation between autoimmune markers (TPO-Ab, Tg-Ab, ANA) and pbNK cells in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage (uRM) is unexamined. Because NK cells are associated with the adaptive immune response, we hypothesized that the change in pbNK cell number might be a result of the immune response to autoimmunity in women with RM rather than a cause of RM. We aimed to explore whether the pbNK count is significantly different in women testing positive than in those testing negative for autoantibodies.
Methods The clinical data and performed pbNK cell measurements of patients who visited the specialist clinic for RM of the First Affiliated Hospital between May 2014 and August 2021 were analyzed. Eligible patients were divided into two groups: High-pbNK group (n=118) and Normal-pbNK group (n=184).
Results The positive rates of TPO-Ab in High-pbNK group were significantly higher than in Normal-pbNK group (20.3% vs. 10.9%, p=0.04), and the positive rates of ANA in Normal-pbNK group were significantly higher than in High-pbNK group (22.3% vs. 11.9%, p=0.02). There was a statistically significant positive association between TPO-Ab positivity and high pbNK cells (p=0.016, OR=5.097, 95% CI 1.356–19.159), while there was a statistically significant negative association between ANA positivity and high pbNK cells (p=0.013, OR=0.293, 95% CI 0.111–0.773).
Conclusion Our results indicated that changes in pbNK cell count are a result of the miscarriage-associated autoimmune response rather than a causal factor for RM. Hence, the increased number of pbNK cells cannot be applied as a therapeutic index for immunological abnormalities in patients with uRM.