bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and multi-objective optimization of a novel 5-DOF parallel mechanism with two double-driven chains
Authors: Wang Xuhao , Lin Yufei , Cao Yiran , Wu Mengli , Sun Shuo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper focuses on the design, analysis, and multi-objective optimization of a novel 5-degrees of freedom (DOF) double-driven parallel mechanism. A novel 5-DOF parallel mechanism with two double-driven branch chains is proposed, which can serve as a machine tool. By installing two actuators on one branch chain, the proposed parallel mechanism can achieve 5-DOF of the moving platform with only three branch chains. Afterwards, analytical solution for inverse kinematics is derived. The 5
$\times$
5 homogeneous Jacobian matrix is obtained by transforming actuator velocities into linear velocities at three points on the moving platform. Meanwhile, the workspace, dexterity, and volume are analyzed based on the kinematic model. Ultimately, a stage-by-stage Pareto optimization method is proposed to solve the multi-objective optimization problem of this parallel mechanism. The optimization results show that the workspace, compactness, and dexterity of this mechanism can be improved efficiently.
Plant defence traits among discrete vegetation assemblages in a mesic savanna landscape in Kenya
Authors: Kimeu John Mbaluka , Mwachala Geoffrey , Hattas Dawood , Reichgelt Tammo , Muasya A. Muthama 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A trade-off between structural and chemical defences against herbivory in woody plants is alleged to depend on edaphic factors in African savannas. We studied anti-herbivory traits, in an edaphic mosaic of fertile and infertile soils within a savanna landscape in East Africa, towards elucidating herbivory defence traits expressions in woody plants of African savannas. We used data of 81 plants for 8 species from 8 sites — four sites from fertile soils (42 plants) and another four sites from infertile soils (39 plants). We did not find a general divide between structural and chemical strategies in our data. Instead, we found a range of defence traits combinations. Our results highlight that in woody plants of African savannas, chemical and structural defences can augment each other, and not necessarily trade-off. The diversity of herbivores, ranging from insects to mesobrowsers, may have driven the evolution of multiple defence strategies within the African savannas.
Language balance rather than age of acquisition: A study on the cross-linguistic gender congruency effect in Portuguese–German bilinguals
Authors: Sá-Leite Ana Rita , Flores Cristina , Eira Carina , Haro Juan , Comesaña Montserrat 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe cross-linguistic gender congruency effect (GCE; a facilitation on gender retrieval for translations of the same gender) is a robust phenomenon analysed almost exclusively with late bilinguals. However, it is important to ascertain whether it is modulated by age of acquisition (AoA) and language proficiency. We asked 64 early and late bilinguals of European Portuguese and German to do a forward and backward translation task. A measure of language balance was calculated through the DIALANG test. Analyses included this factor along with the gender congruency between translations, the target language, and the AoA of both languages, among others. Results showed a GCE for European Portuguese that was independent of the AoA and greater the higher the language imbalance. We propose that changes in proficiency in any of the languages create situations of dependency between them which allow cross-linguistic gender interaction to occur and effects to emerge depending on gender transparency.
Boron nitride-enabled printing of a highly sensitive and flexible iontronic pressure sensing system for spatial mapping
Authors: Yang Zekun , Duan Qikai , Zang Junbin , Zhao Yunlong , Zheng Weihao , Xiao Ran , Zhang Zhidong , Hu Liangwei , Wu Guirong , Nan Xueli , Zhang Zengxing , Xue Chenyang , Gao Libo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecently, flexible iontronic pressure sensors (FIPSs) with higher sensitivities and wider sensing ranges than conventional capacitive sensors have been widely investigated. Due to the difficulty of fabricating the nanostructures that are commonly used on electrodes and ionic layers by screen printing techniques, strategies for fabricating such devices using these techniques to drive their mass production have rarely been reported. Herein, for the first time, we employed a 2-dimensional (2D) hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) as both an additive and an ionic liquid reservoir in an ionic film, making the sensor printable and significantly improving its sensitivity and sensing range through screen printing. The engineered sensor exhibited high sensitivity (Smin> 261.4 kPa−1) and a broad sensing range (0.05–450 kPa), and it was capable of stable operation at a high pressure (400 kPa) for more than 5000 cycles. In addition, the integrated sensor array system allowed accurate monitoring of wrist pressure and showed great potential for health care systems. We believe that using h-BN as an additive in an ionic material for screen-printed FIPS could greatly inspire research on 2D materials for similar systems and other types of sensors.
MIH : mise au point sur les stratégies thérapeutiques pour le meilleur traitement de nos jeunes patients
Authors: Leverd Caroline 
Published: May 2023

Décrite pour la première fois en 2001 par Weerjheim, l’hypominéralisation molaire incisive (MIH) est en constante recrudescence, le diagnostic tardif confronte les chirurgiens-dentistes à plusieurs obstacles lors de la prise en charge des enfants atteints de MIH.
Elle représente un véritable défi diagnostic et thérapeutique de par la variabilité déconcertante de ses formes cliniques. Cela nécessite une constante adaptation des solutions thérapeutiques à proposer à nos patients et à leurs parents.
L’évolution de la médecine bucco-dentaire permet d’envisager des traitements efficaces et de proposer des solutions pérennes dans le temps.
Dans ce contexte, il était important de faire le point sur les connaissances actuelles afin d’améliorer le diagnostic et la prise en charge de cette pathologie.
Bereitschaft zur Umsetzung von Präventions- und
Gesundheitsförderungsmaßnahmen für Menschen in
schwierigen Lebenslagen in deprivierten Kommunen in Bayern: Eine qualitative
Analyse
Authors: Steinbeißer Kathrin E. , Wiethaler Maria , Schmid Anna Theresa , Wolff Andrea R. 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Zur Verbesserung der gesundheitlichen Chancengleichheit
ist die Kommune ein zentrales Setting. Für eine bedarfsgerechte und
zielgruppenspezifische Umsetzung von Maßnahmen ist es wichtig, die
Herausforderungen und Bedarfe in den Kommunen zu verstehen. Dies gilt
v. a. für deprivierte Kommunen, die bislang kaum
Gesundheitsförderungsprogramme für Menschen in schwierigen
Lebenslagen anbieten. Die zentrale Forschungsfrage lautet: „Wie wird der
Handlungs- und Unterstützungsbedarf in Bezug auf die Umsetzung von
Maßnahmen der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung mit
Fokus auf Menschen in schwierigen Lebenslagen in deprivierten Kommunen
wahrgenommen?“
Methodik Mittels leitfadengestützter
Expert/-innenbefragungen (n=10) wurden explorativ qualitative
Daten in fünf bayerischen Kommunen mit hohem Deprivationsgrad erhoben.
Den Grad stellt der Bayerische Index Multipler Deprivation (BIMD, 2010) dar, der
das Ausmaß des Ressourcenmangels auf Gemeindeebene zeigt. Die Daten
wurden mittels inhaltlich strukturierender Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz
analysiert.
Ergebnisse Die entstandenen Hauptthemen der Analyse sind (1) wahrgenommene
Zielgruppen mit Unterstützungsbedarf, (2) Aktivposten für
Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung sowie (3) Handlungsbedarfe
in Bezug auf Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung. In den
befragten Kommunen in Bayern wurden Zielgruppen mit Unterstützungsbedarf
identifiziert. Gleichzeitig zeigte sich, dass in den meisten Kommunen wenige
Ressourcen und Strukturen zur Verfügung stehen, um sich der
Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung mit diesen Zielgruppen
anzunehmen.
Schlussfolgerung Die Studie zeigt, dass deprivierte Kommunen einen Bedarf
an bedarfs- und zielgruppengerechten Maßnahmen der Prävention
und Gesundheitsförderung für Menschen in schwierigen Lebenslagen
aufweisen. Diese Kommunen haben jedoch wenig Handlungsspielräume und
sollten daher gezielt, z. B. durch Vernetzungsarbeit,
unterstützt werden.
Etiopathogenesis behind Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Syndrome: Review Article
Authors:   Surbhi
Published: May 2023

AbstractSemicircular canal dehiscence remains one of the rare and least touched chronic vestibular diseases worldwide. Even though microbial, congenital, and genetically determined, as well as mixed characteristics are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome (SSCDS), many facets of the pathogenesis of semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome still need to be simplified. Management plan related to pathogenesis has not yet been established. The primary objective of this review is to present and evaluate the etiopathogenesis behind SSCDS. This study is a systematic narrative review. A PubMed search (1970–2022) was performed for studies on epidemiology and pathogenesis of SSCDS. All included articles were categorized according to level of evidence. Five hundred and sixty papers were identified, of which 25 were found to be relevant for this review. SSCDS is a multifactorial disease. There is still no consensus as to what the specific etiology is behind the syndrome. No convincing evidence is available for most associated factors and pathogenesis. Important objectives in research of SSCDS should be achieving consensus about the definition of SSCDS and gaining more in-depth knowledge of the pathogenesis of SSCDS, especially the role of congenital and acquired causes. There is still a need for further well-designed studies on the various etiopathogenesis and management of SSCDS.
Gradience in iconicity
Authors: Odiegwu Nancy Chiagolum , Romero-Trillo Jesús 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
While it has largely been taken for granted by most linguists that the relationship between linguistic signifier
and signified is arbitrary in nature, a growing number of studies suggest otherwise. In this article, we demonstrate that
iconicity in total reduplicative constructions in Nigerian Pidgin is graded in nature, and that the degree of iconicity of any
given reduplicative is largely correlated with the word class to which its simplex form belongs, with reduplicated ideophones and
adverbials exhibiting the highest degree of iconicity, reduplicated pronouns the lowest degree of iconicity, and reduplicated
adjectives, nouns, numerals and verbs intermediate degrees of iconicity.
Our results shed light, not only on which word classes are more prototypically involved in reduplication than
others in the world’s languages, but also on typical pathways that reduplicatives follow in processes of grammaticalization,
whereby their isomorphic form-meaning relationship appears increasingly attenuated, albeit due to varying language-internal
factors that are specific to individual languages.
Horizon-scale tests of gravity theories and fundamental physics from the Event Horizon Telescope image of Sagittarius A ∗
Authors: Vagnozzi Sunny , Roy Rittick , Tsai Yu-Dai , Visinelli Luca , Afrin Misba , Allahyari Alireza , Bambhaniya Parth , Dey Dipanjan , Ghosh Sushant G , Joshi Pankaj S , Jusufi Kimet , Khodadi Mohsen , Walia Rahul Kumar , Övgün Ali , Bambi Cosimo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Horizon-scale images of black holes (BHs) and their shadows have opened an unprecedented window onto tests of gravity and fundamental physics in the strong-field regime. We consider a wide range of well-motivated deviations from classical general relativity (GR) BH solutions, and constrain them using the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of Sagittarius A

∗

(Sgr A

∗

), connecting the size of the bright ring of emission to that of the underlying BH shadow and exploiting high-precision measurements of Sgr A

∗

’s mass-to-distance ratio. The scenarios we consider, and whose fundamental parameters we constrain, include various regular BHs, string-inspired space-times, violations of the no-hair theorem driven by additional fields, alternative theories of gravity, novel fundamental physics frameworks, and BH mimickers including well-motivated wormhole and naked singularity space-times. We demonstrate that the EHT image of Sgr A

∗

places particularly stringent constraints on models predicting a shadow size larger than that of a Schwarzschild BH of a given mass, with the resulting limits in some cases surpassing cosmological ones. Our results are among the first tests of fundamental physics from the shadow of Sgr A

∗

and, while the latter appears to be in excellent agreement with the predictions of GR, we have shown that a number of well-motivated alternative scenarios, including BH mimickers, are far from being ruled out at present.
Recollapsing spacetimes with Λ
<
0
Authors: Fajman David , Kraft Maximilian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We show that any homogeneous initial data set with

Λ
<
0

on a product three-manifold of orthogonal form

(

S

1

×
F
,

a
0
2

d

z
2

+

b
0
2

σ
2

,

c
0

d

z
2

+

d
0

σ
)

, where

(
F
,
σ
)

is a closed two-surface of constant curvature and

a
0

,
…
,

d
0

are suitable constants, recollapses under the Einstein-flow with a negative cosmological constant and forms crushing singularities at the big bang and the big crunch, respectively. Towards certain singularities among those the Kretschmann scalar remains bounded. We then show that the presence of a massless scalar field causes the Kretschmann scalar to blow-up towards both ends of spacetime for all solutions in the corresponding class. By standard arguments this recollapsing behaviour extends to an open neighbourhood in the set of initial data sets and is in this sense generic close to the homogeneous regime.
Primordial black holes in loop quantum cosmology: the effect on the threshold
Authors: Papanikolaou Theodoros 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Primordial black holes form in the early Universe and constitute one of the most viable candidates for dark matter. The study of their formation process requires the determination of a critical energy density perturbation threshold

δ

c

, which in general depends on the underlying gravity theory. Up to now, the majority of analytic and numerical techniques calculate

δ

c

within the framework of general relativity. In this work, using simple physical arguments we estimate semi-analytically the PBH formation threshold within the framework of quantum gravity, working for concreteness within loop quantum cosmology (LQC). In particular, for low mass PBHs formed close to the quantum bounce, we find a reduction in the value of

δ

c

up to

50
%

compared to the general relativistic regime quantifying for the first time to the best of our knowledge how quantum effects can influence PBH formation within a quantum gravity framework. Finally, by varying the Barbero–Immirzi parameter γ of loop quantum gravity (LQG) we show its effect on the value of

δ

c

while using the observational/phenomenological signatures associated to ultra-light PBHs, namely the ones affected by LQG effects, we propose the PBH portal as a novel probe to constrain the potential quantum nature of gravity.
Global high-order numerical schemes for the time evolution of the general relativistic radiation magneto-hydrodynamics equations
Authors: Izquierdo M R , Pareschi L , Miñano B , Massó J , Palenzuela C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Modeling correctly the transport of neutrinos is crucial in some astrophysical scenarios such as core-collapse supernovae and binary neutron star mergers. In this paper, we focus on the truncated-moment formalism, considering only the first two moments (M1 scheme) within the grey approximation, which reduces Boltzmann seven-dimensional equation to a system of

3
+
1

equations closely resembling the hydrodynamic ones. Solving the M1 scheme is still mathematically challenging, since it is necessary to model the radiation-matter interaction in regimes where the evolution equations become stiff and behave as an advection-diffusion problem. Here, we present different global, high-order time integration schemes based on Implicit-Explicit Runge-Kutta methods designed to overcome the time-step restriction caused by such behavior while allowing us to use the explicit Runge-Kutta commonly employed for the magneto-hydrodynamics and Einstein equations. Finally, we analyze their performance in several numerical tests.
Activity recovery for differently shaped objects in quantitative SPECT
Authors: Mínguez Gabiña Pablo , Monserrat Fuertes Teresa , Jauregui Inés , del Amo Cristina , Rodeño Ortiz de Zarate Emilia , Gustafsson Johan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective. The aim was to theoretically and experimentally investigate recovery in SPECT images with objects of different shapes. Furthermore, the accuracy of volume estimation by thresholding was studied for those shapes. Approach. Nine spheres, nine oblate spheroids, and nine prolate spheroids phantom inserts were used, of which the six smaller spheres were part of the NEMA IEC body phantom and the rest of the inserts were 3D-printed. The inserts were filled with 99mTc and 177Lu. When filled with 99mTc, SPECT images were acquired in a Siemens Symbia Intevo Bold gamma camera and when filled with 177Lu in a General Electric NM/CT 870 DR gamma camera. The signal rate per activity (SRPA) was determined for all inserts and represented as a function of the volume-to-surface ratio and of the volume-equivalent radius using VOIs defined according to the sphere dimensions and VOIs defined using thresholding. Experimental values were compared with theoretical curves obtained analytically (spheres) or numerically (spheroids), starting from the convolution of a source distribution with a point-spread function. Validation of the activity estimation strategy was performed using four 3D-printed ellipsoids. Lastly, the threshold values necessary to determine the volume of each insert were obtained. Main results. Results showed that SRPA values for the oblate spheroids diverted from the other inserts, when SRPA were represented as a function of the volume-equivalent radius. However, SRPA values for all inserts followed a similar behaviour when represented as a function of the volume-to-surface ratio. Results for ellipsoids were in agreement with those results. For the three types of inserts the volume could be accurately estimated using a threshold method for volumes larger than 25 ml. Significance. Determination of SRPA independently of lesion or organ shape should decrease uncertainties in estimated activities and thereby, in the long term, be beneficial to patient care.
Single-stage stellarator optimization: combining coils with fixed boundary equilibria
Authors: Jorge R , Goodman A , Landreman M , Rodrigues J , Wechsung F 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We introduce a novel approach for the simultaneous optimization of plasma physics and coil engineering objectives using fixed-boundary equilibria that is computationally efficient and applicable to a broad range of vacuum and finite plasma pressure scenarios. Our approach treats the plasma boundary and coil shapes as independently optimized variables, penalizing the mismatch between the two using a quadratic flux term in the objective function. Four use cases are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach, including simple and complex stellarator geometries. As shown here, this method outperforms previous two-stage approaches, achieving smaller plasma objective function values when coils are taken into account.
Studies of time resolution, light yield, and crosstalk using SiPM-on-tile calorimetry for the future Electron-Ion Collider
Authors: Arratia Miguel , Garabito Ruiz Luis , Huang Jiajun , Paul Sebouh J. , Preins Sean , Rodriguez Miguel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We recently proposed a high-granularity calorimeter insert
for the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) that is based on plastic
scintillator tiles readout with silicon photomultipliers. In this
work, we concretize its design by characterizing its building blocks
with measurements of light yield, optical crosstalk, and timing
resolutions using cosmic-rays, an LED, and a beta source. We also
compared two approaches for the optical isolation of cells:
“megatiles” with grooved boundaries between cells, and a
3D-printed plastic frame hosting individual cells. We found that the
latter suppresses optical crosstalk to negligible levels while
providing an easier assembly method. Overall, these performance
studies can help inform calorimeter design and realistic simulations
of 5D showers (time, energy, position) for the EIC and other
experiments.
Normal spectral emissivity characteristics of tungsten in the mid-infrared region
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yang Yuxin , Wu Long , Wang Jin , Liu Qing , Zhang Yuzhong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Tungsten is an important material constituting the first wall of the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak due to its excellent corrosion resistance. The temperature distribution of the first wall during the discharge process are the key to ensuring the safe and stable operation of the EAST. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the dependence of material emissivity on temperature and wavelength for improving temperature measurement accuracy. This work quantitatively explores the normal spectral emissivity of tungsten within the 3 μm to 5 μm in the temperature range between 100°C and 500°C based on the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The dependence of emissivity on wavelength and temperature are experimentally analyzed, and the possible functional relationship between the emissivity of tungsten and the surface temperature and the wavelength are established respectively. This work could lay the foundation for the application of multi-wavelength thermometry on temperature measurement of the first wall of the EAST.
Pathophysiology and treatment of adults with arrhythmias in the emergency department, part 2: Ventricular and bradyarrhythmias
Authors: Ray Lance , Geier Curtis , DeWitt Kyle M 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeThis is the second article in a 2-part series reviewing the pathophysiology and treatment considerations for arrhythmias. Part 1 of the series discussed aspects related to treating atrial arrhythmias. Here in part 2, the pathophysiology of ventricular arrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias and current evidence on treatment approaches are reviewed.SummaryVentricular arrhythmias can arise suddenly and are a common cause of sudden cardiac death. Several antiarrhythmics may be effective in management of ventricular arrhythmias, but there is robust evidence to support the use of only a few of these agents, and such evidence was largely derived from trials involving patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Bradyarrhythmias range from asymptomatic mild prolongation of nodal conduction to severe conduction delays and impending cardiac arrest. Vasopressors, chronotropes, and pacing strategies require careful attention and titration to minimize adverse effects and patient harm.ConclusionVentricular arrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias can be consequential and require acute intervention. As experts in pharmacotherapy, acute care pharmacists can participate in providing high-level intervention by aiding in diagnostic workup and medication selection.