bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on the Antihyperlipidemic and antibacterial potency of the shoot and flower extracts of Melastoma malabathricum Linn's
Authors: Kader Md. Abdul , Rahman Md. Masuder , Mahmud Shahin , Khan Md. Sharif , Mukta Shamsunnahar , Zohora Fatama Tous 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Atherosclerosis is arteries’ thickening and stiffening condition manifested due to plaque formation by oxidized-LDL of abundant and deranged lipid metabolism. Traditionally, Melastoma malabathricum Linn (MM) leaves are used for anti-diabetics, abdominal problems, and high blood pressure. The current experiment unveils the potency of ethanol, acetone, and water MM extracts as antibacterial agents and alternative medicine during hyperlipidemic conditions.

Methods
A high cholesterol diet (HCD-2500 mg/kg) was provided with regular feeds for 3 weeks to induce hyperlipidemic mice. Afterward, comparing weight with Group-A (normal control), the hyperlipidemic mice were classified into five groups: Group-B (hyperlipidemic control), Group-C (MFA-500 mg/kg), Group-D (MSE-250 mg/kg), Group-E (MSE-500 mg/kg), and Group-F (ATOVAT-20 mg/kg). And the dosages were given orally for 28 days according to their body weight. Fasting blood was collected at the end of treatment, and serum was taken to test lipid profiling and liver enzymes.

Results
The body mass had waxed significantly (P < 0.001) in all the groups compared with Group-A. Subsequently, orally administered different doses where group-D and group-E demonstrated magnificent anti-hyperlipidemic potency (P < 0.001) compared with group-B. During treatment, rapid upward body mass was tardy in group-E (P < 0.001). However, the liver enzyme expression such as AST, ALT, and ALP was elevated (P < 0.001) in Group-F, they were significantly lessened (P < 0.001, P < 0.01) in Groups-C, D, and E, which indicates these extracts have significant anti-liver damaging potency. Alongside the antibacterial activity of MSE-1500 μg/disc, it exhibited the greatest (16.50 mm) zone of inhibition against Shigella dysenteriae.

Conclusion
However, in our current experiment, depending on the derived data, we can elicit that the Melastoma malabathricum shoot ethanolic (MSE) extract is a potential resource for developing alternative medicine to manage the hyperlipidemic condition.
Case report: malignant hypertension associated with catecholamine excess in a patient with Leigh syndrome
Authors: Solis Ana , Shimony Joshua , Shinawi Marwan , Barton Kevin T. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Leigh syndrome is a progressive neurodegenerative mitochondrial disorder caused by multiple genetic etiologies with multisystemic involvement that mostly affecting the central nervous system with high rate of premature mortality.

Case presentation
We present a 3-year, 10 month-old female patient with Leigh syndrome complicated by renal tubular acidosis, hypertension, gross motor delay, who presented with hypertensive emergency, persistent tachycardia, insomnia and irritability. Her previous genetic workup revealed a pathogenic variant in the MT-ND5 gene designated as m.13513G > A;p.Asp393Asn with a heteroplasmy of 69%. She presented acutely with malignant hypertension requiring intensive care unit admission. Her acute evaluation revealed elevated serum and urine catecholamines, without an identifiable catecholamine-secreting tumor. After extensive evaluation for secondary causes, she was ultimately found to have progression of her disease with new infarctions in her medulla, pons, and basal ganglia as the most likely etiology of her hypertension. She was discharged home with clonidine, amlodipine and atenolol for hypertension management. This report highlights the need to recognize possible autonomic dysfunction in mitochondrial disease and illustrates the challenges for accurate and prompt diagnosis and subsequent management of the associated manifestations. This association between catecholamine induced autonomic dysfunction and Leigh syndrome has been previously reported only once with MT-ND5 mutation.

Conclusions
Elevated catecholamines with malignant secondary hypertension may be unique to this specific mutation or may be a previously unrecognized feature of Leigh syndrome and other mitochondrial complex I deficient syndromes. As such, patients with Leigh syndrome who present with malignant hypertension should be treated without the need for extensive work-up for catecholamine-secreting tumors.
Adopting recommendations for implementing patient involvement in cancer research: a funder’s approach
Authors: Costa Alencar Alexandre B. , Selig Wendy K. D. , Geissler Jan , Bereczky Tamás , Ubide Alba , Haerry David , Stephens Richard , Behan Valerie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The role of patients in cancer research is undergoing a significant evolution as all stakeholders seek to enhance the level of direct patient involvement in the design and development of clinical trials. However, there are significant hurdles that patients, patient advocates, laboratory researchers, clinical investigators, and funding institutions must overcome to implement relevant patient involvement in all aspects of biomedical research. By using innovative grant funding models, philanthropic organizations can lead the field in overcoming these challenges. Rising Tide Foundation for Clinical Cancer Research (RTFCCR), a private philanthropy that funds academic research, has developed a novel approach for requiring and supporting partnerships among grantees and patients in designing and conducting research projects. This paper presents a reflective case study of efforts to advance the field of patient involvement in clinical research.

Methods
The decision to focus on patient involvement stems from an expressed focus area established by the RTFCCR board of directors. In conducting this work, RTFCCR partnered with Patvocates, a patient advocacy and engagement network, to create a set of guiding documents and resources aimed at public and private health research funders within various national, international, and therapeutic settings. This effort included a landscape assessment, interviews with experts, and an iterative development process.

Results
To date, RTFCCR has completed and disseminated three guiding documents, one for funders, one for grant applicants, and one for patient advocates. These resources have already generated three major ongoing initiatives at RTFCCR: (1) inclusion of these recommendations in the foundation’s funding guidelines; patient input to prioritization of research focus areas; and in topic selection for calls for proposals; (2) direct involvement of patient experts in the grant review process; and (3) a commitment to support high impact clinical research projects in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Moreover, the foundation has launched a partnership with the International Cancer Research Partnership, the global alliance of cancer research organizations.

Conclusion
By using its grantmaking function and developing standardized approaches for implementation of patient involvement, RTFCCR is seeking to advance patient-centric cancer clinical research. This approach will continue to develop as it is implemented and shared with partners throughout the world.

Graphical Abstract
Earthquake, volcanic eruption, flood, and CBRNE: How can we prepare for disasters?
Authors: Yamakawa Tomoyuki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIt has long been known that dialysis treatment is susceptible to disasters. In fact, the Great Hanshin earthquake in 1995 and the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster in 2011 severely affected dialysis treatment; however, in the previous disasters, dialysis treatment has been continued through cooperation among dialysis facilities. In addition to earthquakes, tsunamis, and floods, unprecedented disasters such as volcanic eruptions and CBRNE are expected in Japan, necessitating preparation for dialysis treatment. It is well known that power outages are easier to fix after an earthquake than water outages. Therefore, it is important to be prepared for water outages to continue dialysis treatment. If a disaster restricts access to dialysis treatment, dialysis patients must be transferred to a facility where treatment is available. In addition, when dialysis facilities experience a water outage or power outage, the assistance of the local government may be required. Therefore, in the event of a disaster, it is important to share information about the damage among dialysis facilities and between the facilities and the government. The Japanese Association of Dialysis Physicians (JADP) has promoted information sharing among dialysis facilities and with governments, including the establishment of the Disaster Information Network in 2000. Furthermore, JADP chapters are established in each prefecture, and regional organizations such as JADP chapters work with local governments to build local disaster preparedness. The Japan Hemodialysis Assistance Team was established in 2015 and is tasked with disseminating information from the afflicted area during the acute phase of a disaster as well as providing human and material support during the subacute phase of a disaster. Preparation during normal times is imperative as various forms of disasters are expected to occur in the future.
Divergent gunshot residues and characterization of the memory effect in a .22 caliber revolver and pistol
Authors: Burnett Bryan R. , Nunziata Felice 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The forms and compositions of primer gunshot residue (GSR) in shooting cases have been routinely analyzed in many crime labs by scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Gunshot residue studies over the last 30 years have identified a contribution by residual GSR from surfaces within the firearm to GSR (the “memory effect”). In this study, we first focus on the GSR compositional differences between target, bore, and cylinder gap for a .22 caliber revolver which has received little attention in the literature. Secondly, we examine the behavior of elements involved in the residual contribution to GSR for a .22 caliber pistol.

Results
The compositions of target, bore, and cylinder gap GSRs from a .22 caliber revolver were determined for 11 discharge series. Breech GSR compositions from a .22 caliber pistol changed in sequential discharges revealing behavior of individual primer and bullet elements. The target GSR forms from some .22 caliber ammunitions were not spherical.

Conclusions
For the revolver, GSR compositions from the target, bore, and cylinder gap are divergent. Analysis of the pistol’s breech GSRs indicated mixing with the previously deposited GSRs resulting in a sequential contribution or loss of elements and redeposition of the new composition. Aluminum did not contribute to the residual GSR. The GSR composition of a discharge and its contribution to residual GSR on the internal parts of the firearm represents a complex process which likely involves a number of variables including, but not restricted to firearm design, primer composition, pressure and temperature of the discharge gas, and bullet surface composition.
Role of endovascular super selective intra-arterial injection of CA channel blocker agent (nimodipine) in management of cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal SAH: a single institution experience
Authors: Sultan Ahmed , Gaber Karim , Metwaly Tamer Ibrahim 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Vasospasm is a grave complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with a significant rate of morbidity and mortality. Endovascular intra-arterial injection of Ca channel blocker agent (Nimodipine) may offer a promising solution in refractory vasospasm.

Results
During the period between April 2017 and May 2019, 120 patients who presented with SAH due to a ruptured intracranial aneurysm were admitted to the neurosurgery department at Alexandria University Hospitals. Among them, 30 patients developed refractory vasospasm and were subjected to endovascular super selective intraarterial injection of nimodipine. The angiographic improvement was excellent in three (10%), good in 14 (46%) and poor in the remaining 13 procedures (43%). Clinical improvement was achieved in 15 cases while 15 cases showed no improvement on Modified Rankin Scale. No cases deteriorated following the injection.

Conclusions
Endovascular chemical angioplasty using a ca channel blocker agent (Nimodipine) is a safe and efficient method for the treatment of refractory post aneurysmal SAH vasospasm. The quest is still needed for developing a better efficient agent to overcome the vasospasm dilemma.
Future farming: protein production for livestock feed in the EU
Authors: Rauw Wendy Mercedes , Gómez Izquierdo Emilio , Torres Olga , García Gil María , de Miguel Beascoechea Eduardo , Rey Benayas José María , Gomez-Raya Luis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClimate change can have a negative impact on agricultural production and food security. Vice versa, agricultural practices themselves contribute to climate change because of land, water, and energy use and anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gasses and waste. The European Green Deal focusses on “transition to a sustainable food system that has a neutral or positive environmental impact, helps mitigate climate change and adapt to its impact, and reverses the loss of biodiversity”. Local production of feed proteins in the European Union may result in new agro-ecosystem services that can be integrated to maximize sustainability of agricultural practices. Feed crops with nutritional properties that are both beneficial to functional biodiversity, biocontrol, pollination, and other ecosystem services can be incorporated into livestock diets. However, implementation is hampered by lack of information, embedded habits of specialization, profit maximization priorities, a lack of awareness about the environmental impacts of existing production systems, and a lack of flow of resources and services between the sectors. When economic benefits from investments are not immediately evident, transition can only be successful with government policies that focus on providing knowledge and education, and financial support. To convince agriculturists and agricultural workers to adopt sustainable practices, policy changes are needed with close cooperation between, and support from, all actors involved, including producers, non-governmental and civil society organisations, and the retail industry.
Role of apparent diffusion coefficient in assessment of loco-regional nodal spread in cancer rectum: correlative study with histopathological findings
Authors: Osman Mohamed Fouad , Ibrahim Shimaa Hamed , Ghoneim Shereen Mohammed Mahmoud , Ali Rasha Mostafa Mohamed , Sedqi Mohamed Emam Mohamed , Gadalla Amr A. Elfattah Hassan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Rectal cancer is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Preoperative assessment and detection of nodal metastasis are crucial for selecting a proper treatment plan. Diffusion-weighted imaging is considered to be a crucial functional imaging technique that can aid in determining the condition of lymph nodes. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of MRI functional images by use of apparent diffusion coefficient in regional nodal assessment in rectal cancer.

Results
This study included 54 patients including 29 males (53.7%) and 25 females (46.3%) presented with pathologically proven rectal cancer. Regarding rectal adenocarcinoma, functional MRI imaging using ADC values found to have a better sensitivity (86.24%) in detection of regional nodal metastasis than conventional morphological MRI criteria with 1.05 × 10−3 mm2/s was employed as cutoff value to distinguish metastatic from non-metastatic lymph nodes with statistically significant P value (< 0.001); nevertheless, regarding the accuracy there was no difference (68.52%). As regards mucinous and signet ring cell carcinoma, morphological assessment using conventional MRI sequences were found to have a better accuracy (72.96%) and sensitivity (57.69%) than ADC value, with the latter showed low statistically significant results (P- value < 0.201) in distinguishing metastatic and non-metastatic nodes. This could be explained by extremely high ADC values of nodes for these pathological types owing to their high mucin content.

Conclusions
MRI functional imaging using ADC values can be utilized to distinguish metastatic from non-metastatic lymph nodes in rectal adenocarcinoma employing diagnostic accuracy of 86.52%. However, morphological assessment using conventional MRI was found to be better in assessment of regional lymph nodes at mucinous and signet ring rectal carcinoma.
Evaluation of outcome of cochlear implanted children after 2 years of rehabilitation in Alexandria: a retrospective study
Authors: Elhakeem Engy Samy , Elmaghraby Reham Mohamed , Elroumy Heba Mohamed Gamal Eldin , Baky Fathy Ahmed Abdel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundCochlear implantation (CI) is an electronic hearing device that is surgically implanted to bypass damaged portions of the ear and directly stimulate the auditory nerve. Nowadays, CI prospects for children with profound hearing loss (HL) have been significantly improved. Now, most implanted children can expect similar audiological outcomes to those with moderate to severe HL with aids depending on the time of loss and cognitive function.AimThis study aimed at assessing the progress in all aspects of language acquisition and the effect of various factors on the outcome of cochlear implantation in children undergoing auditory training for at least 2 years after surgery.ResultsThe results showed the effectiveness of early implantation in terms of improvement in linguistic skills, indicated by significant change of language age scores when compared before and after surgery (median age 1.167 years to 4.75 years withpvalue < 0.0001). Significant improvement in degree of hearing level (HL median from 100 dB to 25 withpvalue < 0.0001), in addition to its effect on improving the general IQ (mean from 82.42 ± 9.46 to 88.61 ± 8.13 withpvalue = 0.006) and abstract IQ scores (mean from 83.48 ± 9.81 to 94.45 ± 10.41 withpvalue = 0.0001).ConclusionCI children showed significant improvement in speech perception, auditory skills, and IQ scores as well as receptive and expressive language after CI denoted by the improvement of language age. Significant improvement was found in early implantation age (under 2 years) in the postoperative degree of hearing level and in language test scores in comparison to older aged children.
Prediction of dose deposition matrix using voxel features driven machine learning approach
Authors: Jiao Shengxiu , Zhao Xiaoqian , Yao Shuzhan 
Published: March 2023

Objectives:
A dose deposition matrix (DDM) prediction method using several voxel features and a machine learning (ML) approach is proposed for plan optimization in radiation therapy.

Methods:
Head and lung cases with the inhomogeneous medium are used as training and testing data. The prediction model is a cascade forward backprop neural network where the input is the features of the voxel, including 1) voxel to body surface distance along the beamlet axis, 2) voxel to beamlet axis distance, 3) voxel density, 4) heterogeneity corrected voxel to body surface distance, 5) heterogeneity corrected voxel to beamlet axis, and (6) the dose of voxel obtained from the pencil beam (PB) algorithm. The output is the predicted voxel dose corresponding to a beamlet. The predicted DDM was used for plan optimization (ML method) and compared with the dose of MC-based plan optimization (MC method) and the dose of pencil beam-based plan optimization (PB method). The mean absolute error (MAE) value was calculated for full volume relative to the dose of the MC method to evaluate the overall dose performance of the final plan.

Results:
For patient with head tumor, the ML method achieves MAE value 0.49 × 10−4 and PB has MAE 1.86 × 10−4. For patient with lung tumor, the ML method has MAE 1.42 × 10−4 and PB has MAE 3.72 × 10−4. The maximum percentage difference in PTV dose coverage (D98) between ML and MC methods is no more than 1.2% for patient with head tumor, while the difference is larger than 10% using the PB method. For patient with lung tumor, the maximum percentage difference in PTV dose coverage (D98) between ML and MC methods is no more than 2.1%, while the difference is larger than 16% using the PB method.

Conclusions:
In this work, a reliable DDM prediction method is established for plan optimization by applying several voxel features and the ML approach. The results show that the ML method based on voxel features can obtain plans comparable to the MC method and is better than the PB method in achieving accurate dose to the patient, which is helpful for rapid plan optimization and accurate dose calculation.

Advances in knowledge:
Establishment of a new machine learning method based on the relationship between the voxel and beamlet features for dose deposition matrix prediction in radiation therapy.
The genome sequence of the Mother Shipton moth, Euclidia mi (Clerck, 1759)
Authors: Boyes Douglas ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective, Holland Peter W.H. ,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: March 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual maleEuclidia mi(the Mother Shipton moth; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Erebidae). The genome sequence is 2,320 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the assembled Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.6 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 13,454 protein coding genes.
Clinimetric methods for evaluating patients with Parkinson's disease in the context of the latest treatment strategies
Authors: Pawłowski Piotr , Ziętara Karolina , Orzechowska Aleksandra , Pawlina Mateusz , Pawełczak Natalia , Oskroba Aleksander , Stawikowski Cezary , Raksa Karolina , Kowalczyk Ilona , Zielonka Bartłomiej 
Published: March 2023

Background: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease involving the deposition of alpha-synuclein deposits in dopaminergic neurons of the black matter, resulting in a decrease in dopamine levels in the central nervous system and the development of motor and non-motor symptoms. Aim of the study: This study aims to identify clinimetric methods for evaluating patients with Parkinson's disease in the context of contemporary therapies. Material and methods: English-language scientific literature from 2012 - 2022 from databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Scholar was reviewed. Searches were conducted according to keywords: Parkinson's disease, clinical evaluation, and treatment methods. 69 items of literature were qualified for analysis. Results and conclusions: The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is a diagnosis by exclusion, there are no available and inexpensive methods to diagnose the disease with certainty. The clinimetric assessment of the patient is therefore the basis not only for diagnosis but also for effective, tailored treatment. There are many assessment tools dedicated to patients with this disease entity, and these are the ones recommended for this process. Contemporary treatment methods, especially for those in whom the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment is unsatisfactory, include deep brain stimulation, enteral infusion of DuoDopa®, and subcutaneous infusion/injections of apomorphine. The inclusion of the techniques depends mainly on the assessed condition of the patient.