bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DYNAMICS OF MISCARRIAGE AMONG THE FEMALE POPULATION OF FERTILE AGE IN UKRAINE AND IN LVIV REGION IN 2014-2021
Authors: Timchenko Nataliia , Gutor Taras 
Published: March 2023

Aim. The research aims at rationalizing of the epidemiological component in the process of developing a model for preventing miscarriage among the female population of Ukraine.
Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis of the indicators of miscarriage among the female population of Ukraine and Lviv region for the period from 2014 to 2021 was carried out. Statistical data of the Center for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine were used, namely Form No. 21 "Report on medical care for pregnant women, women in labor and women giving birth". The study uses the methods of a systemic approach and structural-logical analysis, medical-statistical analysis, namely the calculation of chain (relative to the previous year) indicators of a dynamic series: absolute growth, growth rate and increment rate.
Results and Discussion. A decrease in the female population of fertile age by 13.03% in Ukraine and by 5.81% in Lviv region was noted in the analyzed period of 2014-2021, while the number of spontaneous abortions in Ukraine decreased by an average of 3.45% per year, and grew in Lviv region in 2015, 2018, 2019 and 2020 by 5.72%, 6.87%, 19.29% and 6.59%, respectively. The rates of spontaneous abortions per 1,000 women of fertile age in Lviv region were twice as low as in Ukraine. Over the analyzed 8-year period, the share of premature children among all live births increased from 4.68% to 5.68% in Ukraine, and from 4.18% to 5.65% in Lviv region, respectively; these indicators in Lviv region were smaller compared to the indicators in Ukraine. The share of premature babies among stillbirths averaged 63.07% in Ukraine and 67.69% in Lviv region, had a growing trend, and the indicators in Lviv region were higher every year compared to the indicators in Ukraine. The ratio of the total rate of miscarriage to the total number of pregnancies (cases of miscarriage per 100 pregnancies) increased from 5.50 in 2014 to 6.22 in 2021 in Ukraine and from 3.57 to 4.72 in Lviv region respectively.
Conclusions. There was a trend of annual increase in the index of the ratio of the total miscarriage rate to the total number of pregnancies, the share of prematures from the total number of live births and the share of premature births from the number of stillbirths in the analyzed 8-year period, both in Ukraine and in Lviv region. The analyzed indicators of the share of premature newborns from the total number of live births in Lviv region were lower every year, and the share of newborns from the total number of stillbirths was higher compared to the average annual indicators in Ukraine. The dynamics of spontaneous abortions showed a clear trend towards an annual decrease in Ukraine and their increase in 2015, 2018-2020 in Lviv region. The rate of spontaneous abortions among women of fertile age in Lviv region from 2014 to 2021 was annually half as low compared to the average annual levels of this indicator in Ukraine.
Staphylococcus aureus in breast abscess-major culprit besides others
Authors: Jena Pragnya , Duggal Shalini , Gur Renu , Kumar Avinash , Bharara Tanisha , Dewan Rekha 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
Breast abscess is a significant cause of morbidity especially in young women of childbearing age. These abscesses are associated with physical, psychological disturbance, and long-term cosmetic consequences.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective study that involved seventy cases of breast abscesses to identify etiological agents and their susceptibility patterns.

Results:
Lactation was a risk factor in almost two-third of all cases. Others were diabetes mellitus, extremes of age, immunocompromised conditions, and tuberculosis. The most common bacterial isolate was Staphylococcus aureus (83.3%), almost half being methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Others included coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Candida spp., and acid-fast bacilli.

Conclusions:
The treatment of all such microorganisms is different, signifying that microbial diagnosis plays a pivotal role in management of such abscesses.
Pendampingan Kelompok Tanggap Bencana dengan Pendekatan Fikih Kebencanaan Sebagai Mitigasi Bencana Alam di Desa Batu Beriga, Kabupaten Bangka Tengah
Authors: Yusmaliana Desfa , Sabri Fadillah , Fitriana Fifin 
Published: March 2023

Bangka Island is a tin mining area and has the potential for natural disasters due to these mining activities such as drought, erosion, and sedimentation disasters. The Islamic perspective must be contemplated further to understand and address every incident proportionally in interpreting and responding to disasters. The Tarjih Council and Tajdid Muhammadiyah have formulated disaster fiqh that must be conveyed, primarily through youth organizations consisting of the youth of the nation's generation as part of the service program. Furthermore, these youth groups are referred to as "Disaster Response Groups" so that they can be used as daily guidelines and a guide to avoiding behaviors that can damage the environment and lead to disasters. Assistance for disaster response groups through reactivation of youth organizations facilitates youth in Batu Beriga Village, Kec. Lubuk Besar, Kab. Central Bangka understands the concept of disaster and disaster mitigation with a disaster fiqh approach. It is intended that these teenagers are trained to respond to natural phenomena that arise and respond to them positively and correctly. The method used in this service is socialization and the formation of a Disaster Response group, and Assistance in preparing structures, main tasks, simulation programs, and evaluation. The results show that the Assistance of disaster response groups increases youth awareness about disaster mitigation through 3 aspects: understanding of disaster mitigation with a disaster jurisprudence (fikih) approach, development of disaster response groups, and skills on disaster mitigation.
La Virgen de Regla: a Material Approach to Lived Religious Transformation in Latin America
Authors: Whitehead Amy 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Statues of the Virgin Mary have been embarking on various types of movement and migration for centuries. They are the fixed points around which religious activities are carried out in communities in Spain and Latin America and play significant roles in the personal and social lives of their devotees. Until recently, however, scholarship has largely overlooked the potential richness of what religious material cultures can tell us about religious transformation in Latin America. This paper therefore offers a theoretical and methodological advance by way of a ground-up, ‘material’ approach to understanding religious change through the religious statues themselves. It utilises the statue of the Virgen de la Regla in Chipiona, Spain as a node on a map from which to trace the lines of movement from Spain into Cuba where a replica of the same Virgin, another nodal point, is worshipped as both Virgin Mary and Santeria Orisha Yemayá.
Kontribusi Daya Tahan Otot Tungkai dan Kecepatan Reaksi terhadap Passing Bawah Bolavoli Club Vonda Pekanbaru
Authors: Renanda Alvi , Henjilito Raffly 
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this research was to determine the contribution of leg muscle endurance to volleyball forearm pass, the contribution of speed reaction to volleyball forearm pass, and the contribution of leg muscle endurance and speed reaction to volleyball forearm pass at Vonda Pekanbaru club. The design of this research was a quantitative correlational study with the total population was 12 athletes. To determine the sample, the researcher used total sampling technique where the entire population was sampled in this research. The instruments of this research that the researcher used were the leg muscle endurance test, the speed reaction test and the forearm passing test. With the following tests, the Wall Squad test is to determine the endurance of an athlete's quadriceps muscle strength, the Nelson hand reaction test which aims to measure hand reaction time with visual stimulation, and the forearm passing ability test to see how well a player is doing forearm passing. The data collection techniques in this research were in the form of observation, literature, tests and measurements. The correlation analysis technique was used the product moment correlation which is used to calculate the correlation from X1 (leg muscle endurance) to Y (forearm passing), the correlation from X2 (speed reaction) to Y (forearm passing), then the correlation from X1 (endurance leg muscles) and X2 (speed reaction) to Y (forearm passing). It can be concluded from this research that there was a contribution of leg muscle endurance to the forearm pass of the Vonda Pekanbaru club was 28.83%, the contribution of speed reaction to the forearm pass of the Vonda Pekanbaru club was 0.176%, and the contribution of leg muscle endurance and speed reaction to forearm passing of Vonda Pekanbaru club was 28.38%.
Pilgrimage Tourism of Dakshainkali
Authors: Kafle Dol Raj 
Published: March 2023

This study deals with the pilgrimage tourism in Dakshinkali, a famous Hindu temple in the southern part of the Kathmandu Valley, and the development of the region as an important pilgrimage tourism destination. This place is called Dakshinkali because the temple of Goddess Kali is on the south side of Kathmandu city. Goddess Kali as power is considered to be another form of Mother Parvati. Although Kali Devi has been established and worshiped in this place since ancient period, the importance of this place increased after the reign of the king Pratap Malla. At present, local products have found a good market because of as the number of pilgrimage tourists are increasing in Dakshainkali. Employment has also increased. Hotels and restaurants are well run. The living standard of the locals has increased as their income has increased. The increase in local government revenue has had a positive impact on the development of the Dakshainkali area. The main objective of this study is to introduce the importance of pilgrimage tourism of Dakshainkali. This article is mainly based on primary sources and also tries to make realistic by using some helpful secondary sources.
Rural Electrification: Prospects, Challenges and Role of Community for Bulk Buying Method in Rural Municipality of Lalitpur District
Authors: Parajuli Pradip 
Published: March 2023

Rural electrification is the process of bringing electrical power to rural and remote areas. Bulk buying method in rural electrification is when a licensed organization (cooperative in this case) buys electricity from NEA in bulk in cheaper price and distributes it to rural areas in normal prices. The profit generated will be used in the maintenance and expansion of the electric grid lines. The profit is also used in different awareness programs and uses of electricity. The Rural electrification via bulk buying method is a new type of rural electrification process. Despite this being used in some parts of Nepal from 2061 BS, it is not a wide spread process and people don’t know about it. The objective of this study is to find out about the benefit of this method over other electrification methods like solar, small hydropower plants. The different difficulties and hinder and faced by the rural population as well as the organizations trying to implement this process. The role of the community in the implementation and sustainability of this process and how it will impact their life.
This methodology focuses on answering questions relating to “what” than the “why” of rural electrification. Descriptive as well as analytical methods are being used. Observation of the place and who the bulk buying method is being used and survey of the people was done for Descriptive method. Analysis method refers to the process of analyzing survey results from universe of the study.
Rural areas are very isolated and the communities there have very different lifestyles than those of us living in urban areas where electricity is given. Rural electrification with the use improves individual’s quality of life, enables community services such as health and education (consumption use) and enables business entities to carry out professional activities (productive use) for rural populations. All of these benefits are possible without creating unintended negative consequences for local ecosystems and the global climate. Some people don’t believe that this process is good for these communities, but the advantages clearly show that electrification will benefit them and improve their quality of life.
Using Geospatial Analysis to Determine the Proximity of Community Gyms for a Population-Based Cohort of Young People with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Bhowon Yeshna , Prendergast Luke A , Taylor Nicholas F , Shields Nora 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: To quantify a perceived barrier to physical activity participation (proximity to exercise facilities) by investigating the distance a population-based cohort of young people with cerebral palsy aged 13–30 years lived from community gyms. Method: We developed a web-based application using open-access software that could be used to complete a geospatial analysis by simultaneously visualizing, describing, and estimating the location of young people with cerebral palsy, using deidentified data from a cerebral palsy register, in terms of distance and travel time to all available community gyms in one metropolitan city. The suitability of facilities for individuals was not investigated. Distance to the closest gym for participants was measured using the “as the crow flies” and “street network” methods. The proportion of the cohort living 5, 7, and 9 km from a community gym was calculated using the “as the crow flies” method. Distances and travel times to the closest gym for each person were calculated using the “street network” method. Data analysis used one-dimensional (median, quartiles) and two-dimensional (spatial median, bagplot) dispersion measures. Results: Of 568 young people with cerebral palsy, 97% lived within 7 km of a community gym, with a median absolute distance to their closest gym of 3.6 km (1st and 3rd quartiles 2.4, 5.1) and median travel time of 6.6 minutes (1st and 3rd quartiles 4.4, 8.8) by car. For the two-dimensional analysis, the spatial medians were 3.7 km and 6.5 minutes. Conclusions: The open-access, web-based application that was developed can be used by physiotherapists and others to study proximity of clinical and community infrastructure for other populations in other cities and regions. In this study, most young people with cerebral palsy living in one metropolitan city had reasonable access by car to a community gym.
DEMOCRATIZING LOCAL GOVERNMENT: WHAT MALAYSIA CAN LEARN FROM MEXICO AND INDIA
Authors: Murugasu Sheila Catherine 
Published: March 2023

The Pakatan Harapan 2018 election manifesto had established commitments to strengthen the authority of local government, and to make local councils more accountable. This suggested that the local government elections would resume, after an absence of more than 60 years. While the Pakatan Harapanâ€™s tenure as Malaysiaâ€™s ruling government was short-lived, their rise to power did put the local government back into the spotlight, as well as elevated the prospects of the resumption of local government elections in the country. There are a number of reasons that supports a more democratic and participatory approach to local government which has been highly hoped for in Malaysia. These include the view that it discourages public malfeasance and produces local officials that are more responsive to the needs of the citizens they serve. However, there are challenges that follow with the introduction of a more democratic form of local government, especially for countries that are attempting to transition from authoritarianism to a democracy at the national level, and contain a diverse multi-ethnic population of differing socio-economic backgrounds. In order to better understand what these challenges are and how they can be overcome, this study examines two case studies, Mexico and India. These two countries have shown some similarities to Malaysia, particularly with regards to regime-type and demographics. This study considers the evolving approach taken by these two countries on their local government, in terms of their structure and practices. It is proposed that the case studies could provide potential lessons for Malaysia. This study begins with a brief historical overview of the system of local government in Malaysia to present day. This is followed by a discussion of the uneven experiences of Mexico and India on the efforts to democratize their local governments. The findings from the examination of both the case studies reveal the manner for which the countries with an authoritarian past often undergo during a transitional period, whereby although the structures of local governance have become more democratic, local officials and citizens are remain trapped in the old authoritarian modes of behavior. Unless interventionist steps are taken, democratizing local government structures alone do not necessarily lead to greater citizen empowerment, especially for those from the more marginalized sections of society.
AN OVERVIEW OF THE GENESIS, SOURCES, MANIFESTATIONS AND IMPACT OF SMALL ARMS AND LIGHT WEAPONS (SALW) IN NORTHERN NIGERIA
Authors: Sule Babayo , Mikail Ibrahim Kawuley , Yahaya Muhammad Aminu 
Published: March 2023

The protracted proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) from around the globe to Africa, specifically in Northern Nigeria, had led to a plethora of social crises that have culminated to the insecurity across the region for more than a decade. Armed conflicts that resulted from the effects of the spread of SALW across the three geopolitical zones in the North had subsequently led to the Boko Haram insurgency in the Northeast, farmers-herders conflict in the Northcentral, armed banditry in the Northwest, and ethnoreligious conflicts and mass kidnappings in the region. The objective of this study is a critical and thorough investigation of the SALW in exacerbating armed conflicts, in general, in the Northern part of Nigeria. The main problems identified in this study are the armed conflicts that have threatened to entirely destabilize the region, and the increased distribution of SALW across the region despite the global efforts to contain their spread for security reasons. This study used a qualitative method of data collection and analysis. Both primary and secondary sources were employed in this study. The primary sources were the interviews conducted with selected informants in the relevant area of study. The secondary sources were the use of available literature on the subject matter. Discussions were carried out by using thematic analytical interpretations. The research discovered that the rampant armed conflicts in Northern Nigeria is the reminiscent of the spread of SALW in the region, which subsequently led to the present critical security situation. Furthermore, weak policies and political institutions had contributed to the spread of SALW, indicating a need for a strong policy approach. This study recommends, among other numerous suggestions, that efforts should be intensified in intelligence gathering to detect the networking of the racketeers in the armed business and contain them appropriately, as well as total blockage of the weaponsâ€™ distribution routes.
REALIZATION OF THE SPEECH ACT OF REFUSALS AMONG MALAY ESL STUDENTS
Authors: Saad Norma , Bidin Siti Jamilah , Shabdin Ahmad Affendi 
Published: March 2023

Refusing to participate in an action is a negative response that might lead to a dispute and jeopardise the connection between the hearer and the speaker. To avoid the conflict that may arise when a speaker must decline a request, the speaker must offer an acceptable refusal and adjust to the position of the interlocutor as well as the circumstances of the situation. This study examined the strategies and sequence order of the strategies employed by Malay speakers of English as a second language (MSE) when they refused requests made by higher and equal status interlocutors. Twelve MSE undergraduates from a local university participated in the study. Data were collected using an open role-play which were transcribed, classified into semantic refusal strategies (Beebe et al., 1990) and categorized into the types of sequence orders of the strategies. The findings revealed that the MSE preferred indirect strategies when refusing higher and equal status interlocutors’ requests. When using direct strategies, they opted for lesser and the least degree of directness. The sequence orders of the strategies employed to refuse both interlocutors were also similar; immediate refusal and delayed refusal. However, they deferred in terms of their preference between the two types of sequence orders and the specific strategies used in the pre-refusal, head act and post-refusal. These variations show their effort to adapt to the status of their interlocutors; higher and equal status and the given situations. Their use of strategies at the post-refusal for both interlocutors were varied and lengthier compared to the sequence orders revealed in the previous studies. The findings reflect the participants’ effort to search for equilibrium between upholding their stance and at the same time remain respectful in the case of their employer and being concerned toward their friend. These findings provide pragmatic input which could be utilized by English language teachers to develop their students’ ability to use socially appropriate language for the situation they encounter in the Malaysian context.
PERANCANGAN BUKU ILUSTRASI KISAH PASIEN RUQYAH SYAR’IYYAH UNTUK USIA 23-27 TAHUN
Authors: Mustikaningrum Diaz Tri , Yani Aditya Rahman , Masnuna Masnuna 
Published: March 2023

The phenomenon of shamanism is still running in this modern era because some people still believe it. Asking for help from a shaman who deals with things of the occult including the act of shirk or associating partners with Allah. If shirk is done, it is a major sin in Al-Quran. One of ways to avoid being associated with the world of the unseen is by following the method of Ruqyah Syari'yya\\\\h. This method has existed since the days of the prophet. Even the Prophet muhammad also never did ruqyah.
To overcome this problem, I designed an illustration book that aims to share the experience of people who never do a ruqyah that can be used as a lesson to the target audience because the age of the target audience already entered the complex life such as the experience of the people ruqyah, namely in the field of work, household and so on. The book is accompanied by illustrations that represent each story that look interesting and not boring.