bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disrupted network communication predicts mild cognitive impairment in end-stage renal disease: an individualized machine learning study based on resting-state fMRI
Authors: Yu Ziyang , Pang Huize , Liu Yu , Li Xiaolu , Bu Shuting , Wang Juzhou , Zhao Mengwan , Ren Ke 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEnd-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is known to be associated with a range of brain injuries, including cognitive decline. The purpose of this study is to investigate the functional connectivity (FC) of the resting-state networks (RSNs) through resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in order to gain insight into the neuropathological mechanism of ESRD. A total of 48 ESRD patients and 49 healthy controls underwent resting-state functional MRI and neuropsychological tests, for which Independent Components Analysis and graph-theory (GT) analysis were utilized. With the machine learning results, we examined the connections between RSNs abnormalities and neuropsychological test scores. Combining intra/inter network FC differences and GT results, ESRD was optimally distinguished in the testing dataset, with a balanced accuracy of 0.917 and area under curve (AUC) of 0.942. Shapley additive explanations results revealed that the increased functional network connectivity between DMN and left frontoparietal network (LFPN) was the most critical predictor for ESRD associated mild cognitive impairment diagnosis. Moreover, hypoSN (salience network) was positively correlated with Attention scores, while hyperLFPN was negatively correlated with Execution scores, indicating correlations between functional disruption and cognitive impairment measurements in ESRD patients. This study demonstrated that both the loss of FC within the SN and compensatory FC within the lateral frontoparietal network coexist in ESRD. This provides a network basis for understanding the individual brain circuits and offers additional noninvasive evidence to comprehend the brain networks in ESRD.
Establishment and postrelease recovery of Laricobius nigrinus and Laricobius osakensis (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), released for biological control of Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), in the Northeastern United States
Authors: Crandall Ryan S , Chandler Jennifer L , Dietschler Nicholas J , Andersen Jeremy C , Elkinton Joseph S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae Annand, is a major forest pest in the eastern United States responsible for killing millions of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière and Carolina hemlock, T. caroliniana Engelmann. The US biological control program for HWA has largely invested in the rearing and release of Laricobius nigrinus Fender and more recently L. osakensis Montgomery and Shiyake. Though the establishment of L. nigrinus has been well-documented in the southern, mid-Atlantic, and coastal portions of the northeastern United States, documentation in interior areas of the northeastern United States is limited. Establishment of L. osakensis in the northeastern United States has not yet been documented. Release locations in the northeastern United States were surveyed for L. nigrinus and L. osakensis establishment to examine the relationship between establishment success and winter temperatures, as winter minimum temperatures likely limit the northern range of introduced Laricobius species. Our results suggest that L. nigrinus establishment is limited by winter minimum temperatures and that the probability of establishment declines as absolute minimum temperature declines. We found L. nigrinus established at sites in Maine, New York, and Pennsylvania, but did not recover any L. nigrinus in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, or Vermont. Similarly, we found L. osakensis established at sites in New York and Pennsylvania and recovered individuals in Maine, though further sampling is necessary to confirm presence of the F3 generation. We also report the first field observation of reproduction of silver flies, Leucotaraxis argenticollis (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), released predator of HWA, in the eastern United States.
A case report of non-dominant right coronary artery occlusion: not always benign!
Authors: Shabbir Muhammad Asim , Jhand Aravdeep , Velagapudi Poonam 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Non-dominant right coronary artery (RCA) occlusion is uncommon and usually affects a small area of the myocardium. Rarely, it can complicate fatal outcomes such as shock, cardiac arrest, bradyarrhythmia, or tachyarrhythmia.

Case summary
A 50-year-old man with no significant medical history presented with ventricular fibrillation (VF) cardiac arrest. He required prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation and multiple defibrillation shocks to achieve return of spontaneous circulation. ST elevation was noted on inferior leads. Due to refractory VF, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was initiated followed by coronary angiography which demonstrated 100% acute occlusion of proximal RCA (small non-dominant), 90% stenosis of ramus intermedius (RI), and 80% stenosis of obtuse marginal (OM) arteries. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 35%. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the RCA was performed with drug eluting stent. He had excellent clinical recovery without any neurological deficits. The ECMO was weaned off and decannulated within three days. Guideline directed medical therapy was administered. He remained hemodynamically stable and underwent staged PCI of RI and OM to achieve complete revascularization.

Discussion
Non-dominant RCA lesions are usually considered benign. However, when acute RCA occlusion results in cardiac arrest as seen in our patient, prompt revascularization is necessary. Treatment of cardiogenic shock with appropriate pharmacological and mechanical therapies is important, such as ECMO in our patient.
Management of temporary mechanical circulatory support devices in cath-lab and cardiac intensive care unit
Authors: Fortuni Federico , Zilio Filippo , Iannopollo Gianmarco , Ciliberti Giuseppe , Trambaiolo Paolo , Ceriello Laura , Musella Francesca , Scicchitano Pietro , Albani Stefano , Di Fusco Stefania Angela , Gulizia Michele Massimo , Gabrielli Domenico , Oliva Fabrizio , Colivicchi Furio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDifferent temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) devices are available and can be used to maintain end-organ perfusion while reducing cardiac work and myocardial oxygen demand. tMCS can provide support to the right ventricle, left ventricle, or both, and its use can be considered in emergency situations such as cardiogenic shock or in elective procedures such as high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention to prevent haemodynamic deterioration. Invasive and, most importantly, non-invasive haemodynamic parameters should be taken into account when choosing the type of tMCS device and its initiation and weaning timing, determining the need for a device upgrade, and screening for complications. In this context, ultrasound tools, specifically echocardiography, can provide important data. This review aims to provide a description of the different tMCS devices, the invasive and non-invasive tools and parameters to guide their management, and their advantages and drawbacks.
Virtual cardiovascular magnetic resonance training proves feasible and effective: survey data from international participants of the CMR Academy Berlin, Germany
Authors: Hashemi Djawid , Doeblin Patrick , Weiss Karl Jakob , Schneider-Reigbert Matthias , Beyer Rebecca Elisabeth , Else Corinna , Faragli Alessandro , Stehning Christian , Stawowy Philipp , Petersen Steffen E , Bucciarelli-Ducci Chiara , Hays Allison G , Frey Norbert , Thiele Holger , Portmann Andreas , Fleck Eckart , Kelle Sebastian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
This study aims to evaluate the success of the cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging Academy Berlin’s transition from in-person to online CMR imaging training during the global pandemic 2020 and to gather recommendations for future courses.

Methods and results
We conducted an online survey targeting CMR course participants from both the pre-pandemic, in-person era and the pandemic, online era of the CMR Academy Berlin. The survey primarily used Likert-type questions to assess participants’ experiences and preferences.
A total of 61 out of 158 invited participants (38.61%) completed the survey, with 31 (50.82%) being in-person alumni and 30 (49.18%) being online alumni. Both in-person [83.87% (26/31)] and online [83.33% (25/30)] participants rated the course as either ‘very good’ or ‘excellent’, and both groups found the course either ‘extremely helpful’ or ‘very helpful’. However, a higher percentage of in-person participants [96.77% (30/31)] felt comfortable asking questions compared to online participants [83.33% (25/30); P = 0.025]. The majority in both groups preferred a written exam [total: 75.41% (46/61); in-person alumni: 77.42% (24/31); online alumni 73.33% (22/30)]. In terms of course format preferences, in-person courses were preferred by both in-person alumni [38.71% (12/31)] and online alumni [60% (18/30)], almost as much as a hybrid format combining in-person and online elements [in-person alumni: 41.94% (13/31), online alumni: 30% (9/30)].

Conclusion
The transition from in-person to online CMR training at the CMR Academy Berlin was successful in maintaining overall satisfaction. However, there is room for improvement in terms of increased interaction, particularly for online participants. Future CMR- and potentially also cardiac computer tomography-courses should consider adopting a hybrid format to accommodate participants’ preferences and enhance their learning experience, especially to gain level II competency, whereas level I virtual only might be sufficient.
Reoperative aortic root replacement for prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis: impact of aortic graft
Authors: Levine Dov , Patel Parth , Zhao Yanling , Filtz Kerry , Dong Andy , Norton Elizabeth , Leshnower Bradley , Kurlansky Paul , Chen Edward P , Takayama Hiroo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Existing aortic graft complicates the surgical management of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE); yet, its impact has not been well studied. We compared outcomes of patients with prior aortic valve replacement (AVR) versus aortic surgery plus AVR, who underwent reoperative aortic root replacement (ARR) for PVE of the aortic valve.

METHODS
All patients who underwent reoperative ARR for PVE between 2004 and 2021 from 2 aortic centres were included. Two groups were formed based on the presence/absence of aortic graft: prior aortic surgery (AO) and prior AVR (AV) alone. Inverse propensity treatment weighting matched the groups. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to analyse long-term survival, and Fine and Gray model was used to compare the cumulative incidence of reoperation.

RESULTS
A total of 130 patients were included (AO n = 59; AV n = 71). After matching, AO patients had increased stroke incidence (12.4% vs 0.9%) and renal failure requiring dialysis (11.5% vs 2.5%). In-hospital mortality was comparable (21.5% AO and 18.6% AV). Survival over 5 years was 68.9% (56.6–83.8%) in AO and 62.7% (48.1–81.7%) in AV (P = 0.70). The cumulative incidence of reoperation was similar [AO 6.3% (0.0–13.2%) vs AV 6.1% (0.0–15.1%), P = 0.69].

CONCLUSIONS
Reoperative ARRs for prosthetic valve/graft endocarditis are high-risk procedures. AO patients had higher incidence of postoperative morbidity versus AV patients. For all patients surviving operative intervention, survival and reoperation rates over 5 years were comparable between groups.
Redesign of online proctored exams for STEM learners in higher education institutions: proposal for incorporating higher-order thinking skills and democratic pedagogy via OPERHOT platform
Authors: Mitra Arindam 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In response to the challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper proposes an exam system for STEM students that effectively test higher-order thinking skills, such as the ability to apply, create, evaluate, and analyse. Higher education institutions (HEIs) must incorporate all three strands of democratic STEM pedagogy, namely student voice, shared and transformational authority, and STEM criticality, according to empathy interviews with educators. It is imperative that these strands are reflected in the assessments of students within HEIs. During the pandemic, it became evident that the lack of a suitable proctored online examination system impeded the accurate and fair evaluation of students. This circumstance was in stark contrast to the offline mode of examination, which permitted monitoring and control. Notably, many students struggled to answer questions requiring higher-order thinking, with responses frequently identical in unproctored online examinations or settings with insufficient proctoring mechanisms, especially in contexts with limited resources. Consequently, there is an urgent need to redesign the online proctored test system in accordance with STEM criticality and student voice. To address this need, this paper proposes the creation of OPERHOT, a proctored online exam system integrated with random questions requiring higher-order thinking. This system employs a timed assessment methodology and requires students to keep their cameras on throughout the examination. By implementing OPERHOT, a proper and secure online evaluation of students can be made possible. In addition, this system will strengthen the online education and assessment systems in HEIs, thereby promoting integrity and enhancing the learning experience. In addition, the adoption of OPERHOT will also improve the assessment process and contribute to the enhancement of online education and assessment in HEIs as a whole. This reimagined system will catalyse the development of a robust and inclusive learning environment that encourages students’ voices and equips educators to foster the growth of critical thinking and problem-solving skills. This perspective aims to address the pressing need for an updated and effective proctored assessment system in the online educational landscape while promoting STEM critical thinking and student voice. The OPERHOT platform is at the ideation stage, and once developed, it may be tested in a few HEIs. Based on the feedback from educators and other stakeholders, it can be further modified to make it more inclusive and accessible and can be offered to other HEIs for wider piloting.
Assessing the suitability of under-represented tree species for multifunctional forest management—an example using economic return and biodiversity indicators
Authors: Gang Benjamin , Bingham Logan , Gosling Elizabeth , Knoke Thomas 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A shifting focus in forest management from timber production to resilience and multifunctionality in the face of changing disturbance regimes might entail altering the species composition of forests. Although the conifers Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and silver fir (Abies alba) currently comprise only a small proportion of Central European forests, the prospect of widespread planting of these species as a climate adaptation measure is currently widely debated by forest managers. To inform this debate, objective assessments of the multifunctional value of these species are required. Here, we introduce Pareto frontiers to objectively assess the value of tree species under competing objectives and considering an uncertain future. Using these frontiers, we explore trade-offs between financial performance and biodiversity aspects of German tree species portfolios with and without these currently rare conifers. We compare several potential biodiversity indicators (related to herbivores, saproxylic beetles, and deadwood decomposition rates) that can be derived from standard forest inventory data. Our results indicate that optimizing the biodiversity indicators generates gradual decreases in financial performance at first, but after an inflection point soil rent declines sharply. Portfolios excluding Douglas fir and silver fir achieved comparable biodiversity levels, but much weaker financial performance, than portfolios that included these conifers. Our novel approach of generating Pareto frontiers that integrate uncertainty can offer useful insights into ecosystem services trade-offs in contexts where risk is unequally distributed across management alternatives.
Socioemotional Factors and Cardiovascular Risk: What Is the Relationship in Brazilian Older Adults?
Authors: Corrêa Vanessa Pereira , de Oliveira Cesar Messias , Vieira Danielle Soares Rocha , Garcia Carlos Alberto Severo , Schneider Ione Jayce Ceola 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Cardiovascular risk is composed of several modifiable factors that cannot be explained only at the individual level. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between socioemotional factors and cardiovascular risk in older adults.

Research Design and Methods
A cross-sectional study with data from The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros, ELSI-Brazil), population based with data collected between 2015 and 2016. Cardiovascular risk—the study outcome—was assessed using the WHO/ISH Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Charts. The exposure variables were perceived social support from those who would receive help in situations and productive and leisurely social participation carried out in the last 12 months. We used crude and adjusted logistic regression for socioeconomic conditions, health conditions, and lifestyle habits to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the occurrence of the outcome.

Results
There were 6,005 participants between 50 and 74 years old with complete data. Of these, 18.7% (95% CI: 16.9–20.6) had high cardiovascular risk. Being in the highest tertile of greater social participation is associated with a lower prevalence of high cardiovascular risk (OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.50–0.95), adjusted for all variables, when compared to the lowest tertile. Furthermore, the absence of perceived social support is associated with a higher prevalence in different models. Perceived social support from close family members (son/daughter, son-in-law, and daughter-in-law) for material issues is associated with a higher prevalence, whereas having support from friends for affective resources is associated with a lower prevalence of high cardiovascular risk.

Discussion and Implications
Socioemotional factors such as lack of perceived social support and social participation were significantly associated with cardiovascular risk. This suggested that the development of strategies aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk during aging needs to consider socioemotional factors and social relationships.
Spatial variation in the crustal deformation pattern in the Koyna-Warna region, western India using shear wave splitting
Authors: Roy Sunil K , Shashidhar D 
Published: July 2023

SUMMARY
This study investigates crustal anisotropy beneath the Koyna-Warna region (KWR) using waveforms of local earthquakes of magnitude ML ≥ 1.0, recorded at 24 surface and 6 borehole seismic stations during September 2005–February 2020. Waveforms of 1402 local earthquakes that fulfil the splitting criteria (ic &lt; 45°) are used for shear wave splitting analysis, yielding 738 measurements. The study examines the spatial, temporal and depth variations in the fast polarization azimuths (FPAs) and delay times (δt). The average delay times in the Koyna and Warna regions are 0.035 and 0.050 s, respectively, which did not show any significant correlation with depth. The FPAs are predominantly oriented in the NNW–SSE direction in the KWR, commensurate with the in situ maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) obtained using data from a 3-km-deep scientific borehole and individual focal mechanism solutions. The anisotropy beneath KWR is due to the alignment of fluid-filled cracks and pore throats along the SHmax, and is attributed to stress-induced anisotropy. A considerable variation in the orientation of FPAs from NW to NNW–SSE beneath KWR could be associated with heterogeneity in the lithological properties due to variation in the fracture orientation under regional stress. The non-parallel orientation of FPAs with SHmax or faults at some stations is attributed to structure-induced anisotropy, which seems to be associated with surface topography. Measurements at stations, even near the reservoirs, did not show any significant temporal variation in the splitting parameters due to the fluctuation in the water levels.
Ensuring Data Science and Its Applications Benefit Humanity: Data Monetization and the Right to Science
Authors: Lamchek Jayson S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper analyses the human right to science (RtS) in relation to data science (DS) and its applications, particularly, data monetization. It advances an approach that balances three aspects of RtS, namely, protection from harmful science, benefit-sharing and participation in science and derives three corresponding sets of state duties. First, RtS implies the duty to end data monetization in so far as it entails practices harmful to human rights, including unlawful interference with privacy. Second, while data monetization exists, RtS entails the duty to distribute monetary benefits through an RtS-based universal basic income (UBI). Third, RtS entails the duty to facilitate ordinary people’s participation in DS and prioritize non-profit pro-social uses of DS as in citizen or community DS. The proposed RtS analysis of DS engages policy responses to artificial intelligence (AI) and material inequality, namely, AI regulation, monetary benefits from data, UBI and the ‘data for good’ movement. No new data were generated or analysed in support of this research.
Spatially explicit stock assessment uncovers sequential depletion of northern shrimp stock components in the North Sea
Authors: Cardinale M , Zimmermann F , Søvik G , Griffiths C A , Bergenius Nord M , Winker H 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Space is a critical component of fisheries management. Despite this, very few of the world's fish and shellfish stocks are currently assessed using methods that are spatially structured. In the Northeast Atlantic, northern shrimp in the North Sea and Skagerrak, is currently assessed using a spatially structured assessment model. This metapopulation model includes two spatial units (the Norwegian Deep and the Skagerrak), however, in the recent past, the fishery on northern shrimp in the North Sea also occurred in a third neighbouring fishing area, the Fladen Ground. Here, we have reconstructed the dynamics of northern shrimp in the Fladen Ground using historic landings, a standardized commercial index of abundance and fragmented survey data and integrated this third spatial unit into the assessment model of the stock. In doing so, we find evidence of sequential spatial depletion, whereby high rates of fishing mortality have successively eroded stock components in a west to east pattern of overexploitation and produced cryptic collapses. This finding is the first documented case of sequential spatial depletion in the Northeast Atlantic, a phenomenon that could be common and largely overlooked by stock assessment methods that are inherently non-spatial.