bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A DNN based Brain Computational Model of Flicker Fusion
Authors: Chandran Keerthi S , Ghosh Kuntal 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Models of psychophysics tasks can aid in understanding the information processing mechanisms in the human brain as well in the development of models for more complex tasks. Flicker fusion is a well studied domain in visual psychophysics, useful for its apparent simplicity. Experiments on flicker fusion phenomena involve presenting a human subject with an intermittent stimulus and the subject classifying the stimulus as either flickering or steady. Mathematical models that seek to account for flicker perception have been proposed, though many of these models were put forward before the advanced computational techniques, available today, were developed. The present work attempts to develop a DNN based Brain Computational Model of flicker fusion that could be trained and tested on pscyhophysics data of a single subject. The mapping of flicker stimuli to the classifications made by a human subject, allows a network to model the phenomena via supervised learning. Since the flicker stimulus is a time series data, we set out to find an appropriate recurrent neural network to model the phenomena. We propose a Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (CRNN) along with logarithmic transformations of the input representation to model the data. We show that the model that has been pretrained on a particular subject could be used to train data of another subject much faster. The proposed model is trained using stimuli that could be defined with a few parameters. We tested the model on different categories of flicker stimuli that it was not trained with, and made subjective comparisons of the results with previously published psychophysics data. The model has not been evaluated with standard techniques, but the subjective comparisons show that the proposed model will be useful for developing more psychophysically faithful models in the future.
Redox Conversion of Elemental Carbon in Soot Remarkably Promotes HONO and Sulfate Formation
Authors: He Hong , Zhang Peng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Heterogeneous catalytic processes on soot have attracted great attention in recent years due to their accelerating role to the exacerbation of urban haze pollution. However, the surface catalytic mechanism remains largely ambiguous. Here we provide an in-depth exploration of the heterogeneous conversion of NO2 and SO2 on soot. By combining in-situ experiments with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we demonstrate that the redox conversion of graphene-like elemental carbon (EC) on hole defects in soot can induce the heterogeneous conversion of SO2 and NO2. In particular, SO2 oxidation and NO2 reduction can be mutually promoted with the redox conversion of EC. Through splitting H2O molecules, EC can be oxidized to form hydroxyl-functionalized EC (EC-OH) while simultaneously reducing NO2 to form HONO. Conversely, EC-OH can be re-reduced to EC when photoinduced OH radicals oxidize SO2 to produce sulfate or H2SO4. Our finding highlights the significance of the redox conversion of EC on hole defects in driving the production of HONO and sulfate, which has a significant effect on elevating the atmospheric oxidation capacity and causing fine particle growth.
Computational Fluid Analysis and Optimization of Rocket Engine Nozzles at Various Divergent Angles
Authors: Agarwal Tushar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a field in fluid dynamics that incorporates numerical analysis to simulate and solve problems that involve fluid flows. The study used a two-dimensional axisymmetric model for the analysis, with the governing equations solved using the finite-volume approach in ANSYS FLUENT® software. The inlet boundary conditions are selected from the available experimental data. The oblique shock and shock travel phenomena with the divergence of 5°, 10°, and 15° are demonstrated. For this analysis, variations in parameters such as Mach number and static pressure along the nozzle length were performed. The velocity and pressure drop were also calculated and plotted. It was found that the shock is entirely eliminated from the nozzle at a divergence of 15°. In addition, the intensity of velocity increases with increasing divergent angles, resulting in an optimum angle that minimizes shock instabilities and meets the thrust demand from the nozzle.
Mitochondrial Apoptosis Induced by Phenolic Aqueous Extracts of Toona sinensis Leaf via MEK/ERK Signaling in Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Cheng-Yu Tsai 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Toona sinensis, a traditional Chinese medicine widely used in South-East Asia, has been recognized for its anticancer properties, particularly against various types of cancer. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of T. sinensis leaf extracts (TSL) specifically for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Gallic acid was identified as the major active component in the aqueous extracts of TSL using the HPLC system. Furthermore, it has been shown to have the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. TSL treatment significantly inhibited cell growth, proliferation, and cytotoxicity in A172 and U251 GBM cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and increased apoptotic cells. Furthermore, we observed mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by elevated ROS levels and reduced ATP production due to the blockade of electron transport chain (ETC) complexes. TSL treatment regulated this ROS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Western blotting analysis showed upregulation of Bax and Puma, along with downregulation of Bcl-2. Additionally, TSL treatment induced the cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-9, and PARP, indicating activation of the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway and caspase-dependent pathway in both GBM cell lines. To investigate the involvement of the MEK/ERK pathway in TSL-induced effects, we used U0126, an inhibitor of MEK/ERK kinase. The results demonstrated that TSL treatment suppressed MEK/ERK activation, inhibiting ROS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and promoting apoptosis. This suggests a potential therapeutic strategy targeting the MEK/ERK pathway in GBM treatment. Overall, our findings indicate that TSL treatment exerts cytotoxic effects on GBM cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of apoptotic pathways. These insights provide valuable knowledge for potential therapeutic applications of TSL in GBM treatment.
Austerity rules and the government policies toward expansion
Authors: boughabi houssam 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Austerity is a medieval issue: when the government decides over what to do in time of recession and debtness people are the target, their consumption is wanted to decrease, this article is a testimony about the polemics behind austerity rules and how really austerity benefit to growth or the opposite, i discuss how austerity can benefit to the public deficit if consumption is controlled through wages.
Afterward if Sir John Manyard Keynes has emphasized on the importance of demand to heal recessions i believe that austerity as a fact would permit to the State to face over darkness of harsh times if the government is willing to use the monetary policy through bonds and short rates by reducing the gap between expenditures and people consumption.
JEL Classification. E31, H62
War times with a reversed labour market under a fractional Stock Market
Authors: boughabi houssam , qalli yassine el 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
War is an evil issue, we don't want war, that's all what humans are living for, this phrase we don't want.. was the incentive of our article, Frederic Von Hayek was an officer in the Austrian army to fight against insurgents, his genuis was apparent and grows in economics in which he was honoured by a noble prize even though his Phd was arguably in political science and law. In time of war we suppose that the labour market is fractional and wages are almost negative, voluntry unemployement appears in every step we return to the full employement due to companies demand, wages remind more people of their labour in which case they never forget about the meaning of their efforts, they work hard and jerk when times are difficult? were they lost, they likely give a breath to the last penny, the labour market in time of war give demand more velocity to change its upward trend toward a null capital, policymakers have their power to decide of the fate of war; the labour market is like an authority on the equilibrium between supply and a negative demand in time of insurgency. We talk for a while about the rational expectations of a nationalistic country that refuses war incentives and no one should enslave Penélope, i am loyal like her to the english orthodoxy which is ancient and has pride.
JEL Classification. B26, F66
ISU TERORISME DAN RESPONS AKTIVIS MUDA ACEH
Authors: Amiruddin M. Hasbi 
Published: June 2023

This article wants to examine the extent of radical thought in the minds of the younger generation pervasive in Aceh. With the new Aceh conditions experienced several years of post-conflict situation safe again struck by discovered a number of terrorists who make Jalin mountains forest, Aceh Besar, as a military training ground. Also found are also a number of books that have a narrative that can bring inspiration radicalism and terrorism acts. The results of in-depth interviews of young activists in Aceh, can be explained that the concept of terrorism models struggle can not be accepted by young activists in the city of Banda Aceh. They have to understand the teachings of Islam that is relatively comprehensive and proportional. But their ideals in order to uphold Islamic shariah in Aceh is a necessity.
AGAMA DAN POLITIK: TEOLOGI PEMBEBASAN SEBAGAI ARENA PROFETISASI AGAMA
Authors: Jati Wasisto Raharjo 
Published: June 2023

This article aims to analyze the comparative study of the liberation theology perspective. The notion of liberation theology is a form of transformative theology that is concerned with issues of equality and social justice. The relationship amidst religion and politics is reciprocal due to there are conflicts of interest between both entities. The emergence of liberation theology itself arises because of the politicization of religion has become more acute and chronic so it needs to be transformed. The thought of liberation theology is basically grown in the famous case of Latin America with the spirit church of the poor. However, within Islam, it also found a similar essence that Islam also teaches that there egalitarianism, equality, and social justice. The article will elaborate on this comparison of liberation theology.
THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN REVITALIZATION OF ISLAMIC SCHOOL IN TURKEY
Authors: Raharjo Raharjo 
Published: June 2023

Islam had been the religion of the state in Turkey for many centuries, but it was disappeared when the type of the state was changed into republic in 1923. Turkey then has become a secular state and Islam has been depressed. However, when the political system in Turkey adopted multiparty and the party supported by Muslim community run the ruling government, Islam gradually has existed. This affected the Islamic education and schools, which have been sharply increased in number during the last 2 decades. This research was conducted to identify the quality control of education, the types of Islamic education and the role of government towards Islamic schools. By using techniques of documentation, observation and interview, this research indicated that: 1) the quality control of education in Turkey is done under ministry of national education; 2) the types of Islamic education are divided into public and private and 3) the role of government towards Islamic schools is not implemented straight forward, but through the policy in the Ministry of National Education addressed towards the public schools.
AN ISLAMIC SEARCH OF NOBLE VALUES: THE PREVALENCE OF MODERN PRINCIPLES AND THE RESILIENCE OF LOCAL TRADITIONS IN INDONESIAN DA‘WA
Authors: Suwarno Peter 
Published: June 2023

The variety of da‘wa (Islamic preaching) in Indonesia indicated not only the diversity in Islamic groups and identities, but also the varieties and changes in values and principles embraced by Indonesian Muslims. This paper argued that these da‘wa activities constitute searches of most suitable Indonesian Islamic principles that inevitably include the negotiation of Islamic, global, and local values. For this purpose, this paper showed examples of various international and Indonesian Islamic scholars and leaders who help change social, political, and religious rhetorical landscape through various arguments involving especially Islamic and modern-international values. This paper maintained that, in addition to Muslims exposure to modern global principles such as democracy and human rights, the increasing popularity and resilience of local-traditional rituals, per­formances, and expressions in Indonesian da‘wa have significantly shaped the search of the Indonesian Islamic noble values.
MULTICULTURAL DA‘WA IN SCHOOLS FROM A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Dwiningrum Siti Irene Astuti 
Published: June 2023

Multicultural da‘wa for the sake of building the paradigm of multicultural education is not an easy work due to the determinants in social structure like social, cultural, economic and political determinants. The implementation of multicultural education related to various social elements in society which are not in synergy one another. This article will reveal multicultural preaching carried out in schools and look at the strategies of multicultural education is implemented in schools. Applying qualitative study by describing the initial data associated with a multicultural dakwah activity at the three high schools in Yogyakarta Indonesia, this research concluded that multi­cultural da‘wa in schools is a combination of several approaches namely the contri­bution approach, the additive approach, the transformation approach, and the social action approach. Multicultural da‘wa can help students to develop a social identity that to be achieved based on the values of justice, equality and respect the diversity. The strategy developed by the school for implementing multicultural dakwah is by developing language skills, language classes, art performance, the use of cultural symbols, student exchange between tribes or between countries, and uniformity.
MELACAK AKAR IDEOLOGI PURITANISME ISLAM: SURVEI BIOGRAFI ATAS “TIGA ABDULLAH”
Authors: Jinan Mutohharun 
Published: June 2023

This paper examined the variant of Islamic movement with biographical point of view to three muslims figures, namely Abdullah Sungkar (the founder of Jemaah Islamiyah), Abdullah Marzuki (the founder of Majelis Pengajian Islam), and Abdullah Thufail Saputro (the founder of Majelis Tafsir Al-Qur’an). They have been known as the “Triple A”. They have been being very influential in the dynamics of Islam in Surakarta since the 1970s until today. They have worked together to spread the teachings of Islam in many religious activities. Applying qualitative approach and using documentation study, it was founded that due to many differences in intellectual backgrounds and ideological orientations of each other that lead them to choose different strategies to realize the ideal Islamic society. The first figure selected resistant position and fight against the hegemony of the state, the second figure chose neutral and do not care about political issues, and the third figure to choose the path of accommodative policy of the state.
DAKWAH DAN PEMAHAMAN ISLAM DI RANAH MULTIKULTURAL
Authors: Jailani Imam Amrusi 
Published: June 2023

Development of Islam in Indonesia or in the local domain did not show the same performance as in his homeland, namely in the Arab lands. This is due to the acculturation the values of Islam and the local culture. Variabilities in Islamic appearance is also showed the variabilities in understanding on Islam. Applying variable approaches on Islam, textual-contextual and functional-structural, will show the varieties of Islam too: normative Islam, factual Islam, ideal Islam or universal Islam, and Local Islam. From this illustrates that in reality, we are often confronted with the face of normative Islam, Islamic factual, ideal or universal Islam and the local Muslim. The study found the patterns of understanding and attitude of inclusive-exclusive, with all the effects that will be caused, either constructive or destructive, supporting or undermined the development of Islam. Based on the finding, it is needed a concept and strategy of da‘wa which is really effective and approved by multi-culture society like Indonesia.
DAKWAH TRANSFORMATIF MOHAMMAD NATSIR
Authors: Al-Asy’ari M. Khoirul Hadi 
Published: June 2023

Da‘wa is probably the best effort to spread Islam. In the context of Indonesia, so many figures engaged in Islamic da‘wa. One of them is Mohammad Natsir who implemented transformative Islamic da‘wa in of his life times. Applying qualitative research with historical approach, both on his life history and his writings, it was found that transformative efforts on the dakwah movement implemented by Mohammad Natsir was based on the principles of verbalic deeds, actualization of Islam in a factual actions, and good personily. The principles had been imple­mented by doing organizational breakthrough toward the community. Applying this strategy made the da‘wa movement infiltrated toward all levels of society. Nowadays it was showed that the organization set up by Mohammad Natsir developed well and support the religiousity among Indonesian society.
ISLAM RAḤMATAN LI ’L-‘ĀLAMĪN SEBAGAI LANDASAN DAKWAH MULTIKULTURAL: PERSPEKTIF MUHAMMAD FETHULLAH GÜLEN
Authors: Bisri Achmad 
Published: June 2023

This article aimed to analyze Fethullah Gülen’s concept on raḥmatan li ’l-‘ālamīn. This concept can be used as an important basic for designing a multicultural da‘wa that emphasizes: (1) love and affection; (2) tolerance; and (3) inter­faith dialogue. This research used hermeneutic analysis. There are three important research findings. Firstly, Islam as raḥmatan li ‘l-‘ālamīn to be reflected with love and affection. Secondly, Islam as raḥmatan li ’l-‘ālamīn to be reflected with interfaith dialogue. Thirdly, Islam as raḥmatan li ’l-‘ālamīn to be reflected as tolerance.
Indigenous knowledge factors influencing farmers' uptake of climate change adaptation strategies in Kajiado County, Kenya
Authors: Mudekhere Stephen Muchaki , Mugalavai Edward Musungu , Nabiswa Ferdinand M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Due to the effects of climate change, farmers in Kajiado County have embraced different climate change adaptation strategies including the use of indigenous knowledge (IK) and scientific approaches. The objective of this study was to assess the determinants of farmers' IK practices influencing the uptake of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies (CCAS) in Kajiado County, Kenya. Using the Model of Private Proactive Adaptation to Climate Change (MPPACC), IK-related contextual factors that constituted the socio-demographic, economic, and geo-ecological variables were tested against the CCAS variable on Pearson Coefficient Correlation in determining associations. Multi-stage sampling was done and data were collected using questionnaires, key informant interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and observation checklists while data analysis involved the use of both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings show CCAS were likely to be adapted to by those with higher levels of education and those with higher levels of monthly income while those unwilling were more likely males, older, with larger household sizes. and those who owned land. The findings also showed that effective approaches including IK climate change adaptation practices and the CCAS can be applied in a complimentary manner to achieve the desired results in regions that possess diverse climatic and geophysical conditions.
Memory Enhancing and Neurogenesis Activity of Honey Bee Venom in the Symptoms of Amnesia: Using Rats with Amnesia-like Alzheimer’s Disease as a Model
Authors: Khleifat Khaled M. , Al-Tawarah Nafe M. , Al-Kafaween Mohammad A. , Al-Ksasbeh We’am , Qaralleh Haitham , Alqaraleh Moath , Al-Hamaideh Khawla D. , Al-Saraireh Yousef M. , AlSarayreh Ahmad , Al Qaisi Yaseen , Mohd Hilmi Abu Bakar 
Published: June 2023

Background/Objective:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is mainly characterized by amnesia that affects millions of people worldwide. This study aims to explore the effectiveness capacities of bee venom (BV) for the enhancement of the memory process in a rat model with amnesia-like AD.Methods:The study protocol contains two successive phases, nootropic and therapeutic, in which two BV doses (D1; 0.25 and D2: 0.5 mg/kg i.p.) were used. In the nootropic phase, treatment groups were compared statistically with a normal group. Meanwhile, in the therapeutic phase, BV was administered to scopolamine (1mg/kg) to induce amnesia-like AD in a rat model in which therapeutic groups were compared with a positive group (donepezil; 1mg/kg i.p.). Behavioral analysis was performed after each phase by Working Memory (WM) and Long-Term Memory (LTM) assessments using radial arm maze (RAM) and passive avoidance tests (PAT). Neurogenic factors; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and Doublecortin (DCX) were measured in plasma using ELISA and Immunohistochemistry analysis of hippocampal tissues, respectively.Results:During the nootropic phase, treatment groups demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in RAM latency times, spatial WM errors, and spatial reference errors compared with the normal group. In addition, the PA test revealed a significant (P < 0.05) enhancement of LTM after 72 hours in both treatment groups; D1 and D2. In the therapeutic phase, treatment groups reflected a significant (P < 0.05) potent enhancement in the memory process compared with the positive group; less spatial WM errors, spatial reference errors, and latency time during the RAM test, and more latency time after 72 hours in the light room. Moreover, results presented a marked increase in the plasma level of BDNF, as well as increased hippocampal DCX-positive data in the sub-granular zone within the D1 and D2 groups compared with the negative group (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion:This study revealed that injecting BV enhances and increases the performance of both WM and LTM. Conclusively, BV has a potential nootropic and therapeutic activity that enhances hippocampal growth and plasticity, which in turn improves WM and LTM. Given that this research was conducted using scopolamine-induced amnesia-like AD in rats, it suggests that BV has a potential therapeutic activity for the enhancement of memory in AD patients in a dose-dependent manner but further investigations are needed.
Compensation Committee CSR-Related Expertise, CSR Contracting Quality, and Performance Implications
Authors: Yang Lu 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Although the integration of corporate social responsibility (CSR) into CEO compensation contracts (hereafter, CSR contracting) has become prevalent in recent years, scholars and practitioners are increasingly concerned about the quality of CSR contracting. Using hand-collected information of S&P 500 firms from proxy statements, I construct an empirical proxy for CSR contracting quality and show that the quality is higher when the compensation committee has more CSR-related expertise. Further, I find that CSR contracting quality is positively associated with future CSR performance, and this effect is stronger when compensation committee CSR expertise is higher. Overall, this evidence highlights the importance of compensation committees’ CSR-related expertise in designing high-quality CSR contracting and improving CSR contracting efficiency.
Data Availability: All data are available from public sources mentioned in the text.