bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prefrontal NIRS signal is unaffected by forehead Doppler flux during incremental cycling exercise
Authors: Hartman Mark E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNear‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is used to measure tissue concentrations of oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) and deoxyhemoglobin (HHb). In the context of exercise, NIRS confers a higher signal‐to‐noise ratio than other neuroimaging techniques. However, part of the signal may be influenced by thermoregulatory hyperemia in the superficial cutaneous capillaries of the forehead. The degree to which NIRS signals during exercise reflect cerebral or extracerebral hemodynamic changes is a continuing source of controversy. However, the influence of skin blood flow may be attenuated depending on the NIRS technique (e.g., frequency domain machines with maximal optode separation distances >3.5 cm). The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in forehead skin blood flow and cerebral hemoglobin concentration during incremental exercise versus direct vasodilation of the forehead skin induced by gradual local heating. Thirty participants (12 females, 18 males; age: 20.8 ± 3.2 years; body mass index: 23.8 ± 3.7 kg·m−2) participated in the study. Forehead skin blood flow was quantified laser Doppler flux and absolute concentrations of cerebral O2Hb and HHb were measured by NIRS. Local heating significantly increased the Doppler flux signal across time and these changes were significantly correlated with skin temperature. During incremental exercise, skin temperature, Doppler flux, O2Hb and HHb increased however, the only significant change that was consistently correlated with Doppler flux was skin temperature. Therefore, a significant change in forehead skin blood flow may not significantly the NIRS hemoglobin data, depending on the type of NIRS device used.
A safe asset in early modern Castile, 1543–1714
Authors: Gómez‐Blanco Víctor M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article shows how public offices in the early modern period became investment assets in Castile (Spain). Moreover, it demonstrates that offices fulfilled all the conditions for being viewed as safe assets. In particular, through the combination of qualitative sources with a novel hand‐collected database, it shows that offices did not suffer from adverse selection, were traded in liquid secondary markets, and increased their value during periods of economic distress. This research is a pioneer in revealing the existence in early modern times of a haven asset, other than coins and public debt, and showing at the same time the private financial uses of offices.
Increased risk of Parkinson's disease amongst patients with age‐related macular degeneration and visual disability: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Yoon Je Moon , Lim Dong Hui , Youn Jinyoung , Han Kyungdo , Kim Bong Sung , Jung Wonyoung , Yeo Yohwan , Shin Dong Wook , Ham Don‐Il 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) has been shown in previous reports. However, the association between the severity of AMD and PD development is unknown. The aim was to evaluate the association of AMD with/without visual disability (VD) with the risk of PD occurrence using the National Health Insurance data in South Korea.MethodsA total of 4,205,520 individuals, 50 years or older and without a previous diagnosis of PD, participated in the Korean National Health Screening Program in 2009. AMD was verified using diagnostic codes, and participants with VD were defined as those with loss of vision or visual field defect as certified by the Korean Government. The participants were followed up until 31 December 2019, and incident cases of PD were identified using registered diagnostic codes. The hazard ratio was calculated for groups (control and AMD with/without VD) using multivariable adjusted Cox regression analysis.ResultsIn total, 37,507 participants (0.89%) were diagnosed with PD. Amongst individuals with AMD, the risk of PD development was higher in individuals with VD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.67) than in those without (aHR 1.22, 95% CI 1.15–1.30) compared with controls. Additionally, an increased risk of PD was observed in individuals with AMD compared with controls, regardless of the presence of VD (aHR 1.23, 95% CI 1.16–1.31).ConclusionsVisual disability in AMD was associated with the development of PD. This suggests that neurodegeneration in PD and AMD may have common pathways.
Effect of sound‐induced repeated stress on the development of pain and inflammation in the temporomandibular joint of female and male rats
Authors: Zanelatto Fernanda Barchesi , Vieira Willians Fernando , Nishijima Catarine Massucato , Sartori César Renato , Parada Carlos Amilcar , Tambeli Claudia Herrera 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTemporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a common painful condition of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and associated structures. Stress is a significant risk factor for developing this painful condition that predominantly affects women. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that stress increases the risk of developing TMJ pain by facilitating inflammatory mechanisms in female and male rats. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated TMJ carrageenan‐induced expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and migration of inflammatory cells and TMJ formalin‐induced nociception in female and male rats submitted to a repeated stress protocol induced by sound. We found that sound‐induced repeated stress facilitates TMJ inflammation and contributes to TMJ nociception development equally in females and males. We conclude that stress is a risk factor for developing painful TMJ conditions in males and females, at least in part, by favoring the inflammatory process similarly in both sexes.
Meiotic DNA double‐strand break‐independent role of protein phosphatase 4 in Hop1 assembly to promote meiotic chromosome axis formation in budding yeast
Authors: Li Ke , Yoshimura Kei , Shinohara Miki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDynamic changes in chromosomal structure that occur during meiotic prophase play an important role in the progression of meiosis. Among them, meiosis‐specific chromosomal axis‐loop structures are important as a scaffold for integrated control between the meiotic recombination reaction and the associated checkpoint system to ensure accurate chromosome segregation. However, the molecular mechanism of the initial step of chromosome axis‐loop construction is not well understood. Here, we showed that, in budding yeast, protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) that primarily counteracts Mec1/Tel1 phosphorylation is required to promote the assembly of a chromosomal axis component Hop1 and Red1 onto meiotic chromatin via interaction with Hop1. PP4, on the other hand, less affects Rec8 assembly. Notably, unlike the previously known function of PP4, this PP4 function in Hop1/Red1 assembly was independent of meiotic DSB‐dependent Tel1/Mec1 kinase activities. The defect in Hop1/Red1 assembly in the absence of PP4 function was not suppressed by dysfunction of Pch2, which removes Hop1 protein from the chromosome axis, suggesting that PP4 is required for the initial step of chromatin loading of Hop1 rather than stabilization of Hop1 on axes. These results indicate phosphorylation/dephosphorylation‐mediated regulation of Hop1 recruitment onto chromatin during chromosome axis construction before meiotic double‐strand break formation.
M‐PAST score is better than MAST score for the diagnosis of active fibrotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Imajo Kento , Saigusa Yusuke , Kobayashi Takashi , Nagai Koki , Nishida Shinya , Kawamura Nobuyoshi , Doi Hiroyoshi , Iwaki Michihiro , Nogami Asako , Honda Yasushi , Kessoku Takaomi , Ogawa Yuji , Kirikoshi Hiroyuki , Yasuda Satoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Hayashi Hideki , Kokubu Shigehiro , Utsunomiya Daisuke , Takahashi Hirokazu , Aishima Shinichi , Kim Beom Kyung , Tamaki Nobuharu , Saito Satoru , Yoneda Masato , Loomba Rohit , Nakajima Atsushi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundClinical trials enroll patients with active fibrotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] activity score ≥ 4) and significant fibrosis (F ≥ 2); however, screening failure rates are high following biopsy. We developed new scores to identify active fibrotic NASH using FibroScan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsWe undertook prospective primary (n = 176), retrospective validation (n = 169), and University of California San Diego (UCSD; n = 234) studies of liver biopsy‐proven NAFLD. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) using FibroScan or magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), or proton density fat fraction (PDFF), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were combined to develop a two‐step strategy—FibroScan‐based LSM followed by CAP with AST (F‐CAST) and MRE‐based LSM followed by PDFF with AST (M‐PAST)—and compared with FibroScan‐AST (FAST) and MRI‐AST (MAST) for diagnosing active fibrotic NASH. Each model was categorized using rule‐in and rule‐out criteria.ResultsAreas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) of F‐CAST (0.826) and M‐PAST (0.832) were significantly higher than those of FAST (0.744, p = 0.004) and MAST (0.710, p < 0.001). Following the rule‐in criteria, positive predictive values of F‐CAST (81.8%) and M‐PAST (81.8%) were higher than those of FAST (73.5%) and MAST (70.0%). Following the rule‐out criteria, negative predictive values of F‐CAST (90.5%) and M‐PAST (90.9%) were higher than those of FAST (84.0%) and MAST (73.9%). In the validation and UCSD cohorts, AUROCs did not differ significantly between F‐CAST and FAST, but M‐PAST had a higher diagnostic performance than MAST.ConclusionsThe two‐step strategy, especially M‐PAST, showed reliability of rule‐in/‐out for active fibrotic NASH, with better predictive performance compared with MAST.This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (number, UMIN000012757).
A THREE‐STATE RATIONAL GREATER‐FOOL BUBBLE MODEL WITH INTERTEMPORAL CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING
Authors: Liu Feng , White Joseph S. , Conlon John R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe construct a simple rational greater‐fool bubble model, where the motive for trade is intertemporal consumption smoothing. This yields an easy‐to‐understand bubble model with three states of the world, instead of the five required previously. Bubbles are more likely when asset sellers have profitable investment opportunities, but little wealth, so they sell shares in those opportunities to wealthier investors. “Bad sellers” then pretend to sell similar investment opportunities, creating potential bubble assets. Bubbles are possible even if alternative means of consumption smoothing are available. Also, antibubble policy can reduce the welfare of even the greater fools it is supposed to protect.
Forensic mental health nurses' experiences of rebuilding the therapeutic relationship after an episode of physical restraint in forensic services in Ireland: A qualitative study
Authors: Moyles John , Hunter Andrew , Grealish Annmarie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFew studies have explored how forensic mental health nurses can rebuild the therapeutic relationship following an episode of physical restraint in the acute forensic setting. In this study, we aimed to redress this gap in the literature by exploring with forensic mental health nurses the factors that enable or hinder the rebuilding of the therapeutic relationship following an episode of physical restraint. A qualitative study design was used to capture participants' experiences, views and perceptions of the therapeutic relationship following an episode of physical restraint in the acute forensic setting. Data were collected through individual interviews with forensic mental health nurses (n = 10) working in an acute forensic setting. Interviews were audio recorded, and transcribed verbatim and accounts were analysed using thematic analysis. Four themes were identified: ‘Building a Recovery Focused Therapeutic Relationship’; ‘Authoritarian Role’; ‘Inevitable Imbalance’; ‘Rebuilding the Therapeutic Relationship’; plus two sub‐themes ‘Facilitators to rebuilding’ and ‘Barriers to rebuilding’. Findings suggest that an inevitable imbalance exists in building a recovery‐focused therapeutic relationship and at times, is hindered by the authoritarian role of the forensic mental health nurse. Recommendations for changes in clinical practice and in upcoming policies should incorporate a dedicated debrief room and protected time for staff to debrief effectively following restraint. Routine post‐restraint‐focused clinical supervision would also be beneficial to mental health nursing staff.
The experience of shared decision‐making for patients with end‐stage kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis and their families—A scoping review
Authors: Mcpeake Mari‐Louise , Cook Neal , Mcilfatrick Sonja , Hasson Felicity 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo identify the experiences of shared decision‐making (SDM) for adults with end‐stage kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis (HD) and their family members.DesignA scoping literature review.MethodA scoping literature review, using Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines.Data sourcesMedline (OVID), EMBASE, CINAHL, Psych Info, ProQuest, Web of Science, Open grey and grey literature were searched covering years from January 2015 to July 2022. Empirical studies, unpublished thesis and studies in English were included. The scoping review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Meta analysis—scoping review extension (PRISMA‐Scr).ResultsThirteen studies were included in the final review. While SDM is welcomed by people undergoing HD, their experience is often limited to treatment decisions, with little opportunity to revisit decisions previously made. The role of the family/caregivers as active participants in SDM requires recognition.ConclusionPeople with end‐stage kidney disease undergoing HD do and want to participate in the process of SDM, on a wide range of topics, in addition to treatment. A strategy is needed to ensure that SDM interventions are successful in achieving patient‐driven outcomes and enhancing their quality of life.Implications for clinical practiceThis review highlights the experiences of people undergoing HD and their family/caregivers. There is a wide variety of clinical decisions requiring consideration for people undergoing HD, including considering the importance who should be involved in the decision‐making processes and when decisions should occur. Further study to ensure nurses understand the importance, and influence of including family members in conversations on both SDM processes and outcomes is needed. There is a need for research from both patient and healthcare professional (HCP) perspectives to ensure that people feel supported and have their needs met in the SDM process.Patient and Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Taxonomic contributions to Hapalidiales (Corallinophycidae, Rhodophyta): Boreolithothamnion gen. nov., Lithothamnion redefined and with three new species and Roseolithon with new combinations
Authors: Gabrielson Paul W. , Maneveldt Gavin W. , Hughey Jeffery R. , Peña Viviana 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhylogenetic analyses of rbcL gene sequences and of concatenated rbcL, psbA, and nuclear SSU rRNA gene sequences resolved the generitype of Lithothamnion, L. muelleri, in a clade with three other southern Australian species, L. kraftii sp. nov., L. saundersii sp. nov., and L. woelkerlingii sp. nov. Cold water boreal species currently classified in Lithothamnion and whose type specimens have been sequenced are transferred to Boreolithothamnion gen. nov., with B. glaciale comb. nov. as the generitype. The other species are B. giganteum comb. nov., B. phymatodeum comb. nov., and B. sonderi comb. nov., whose type specimens are newly sequenced, and B. lemoineae comb. nov., B. soriferum comb. nov., and B. tophiforme comb. nov., whose type specimens were already sequenced. Based on rbcL sequences from the type specimens of Lithothamnion crispatum, L. indicum, and L. superpositum, each is recognized as a distinct species and transferred to the recently described Roseolithon as R. crispatum comb. nov., R. indicum comb. nov., and R. superpositum com. nov., respectively. To correctly assign species to these three genera based only on morpho‐anatomy, specimens must have multiporate conceptacles and some epithallial cells with flared walls. The discussion provides examples demonstrating that only with phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences can the evolution of morpho‐anatomical characters of non‐geniculate corallines be understood and applied at the correct taxonomic rank. Finally, phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences support recognition of the Hapalidiales as a distinct order characterized by having multiporate tetra/bisporangial conceptacles, and not as a suborder of Corallinales whose tetra/bisporangial conceptacles are uniporate.
Text and data mining exceptions in the development of generative AI models: What the EU member states could learn from the Japanese “nonenjoyment” purposes?
Authors: Dermawan Artha 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe European Union (EU) text and data mining (TDM) provisions are a progressive move, but the horizon is still uncertain for both generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) models researchers and developers. This article suggests that to drive innovation and further the commitment to the digital single market, during the national implementation, EU Member States could consider taking the Japanese broad, all‐encompassing and “nonenjoyment‐based” TDM as an example. The Japanese “nonenjoyment” purposes, however, are not foreign to the European continental view of copyright. A similar concept can be found under the German concept of “Freier Werkgenuss” or enjoyment of the work. A flexible TDM exception built upon the German notion of nonenjoyment purposes could become an opening clause to foster innovation and creativity in the age of GenAI. Moreover, the article argues that an opening clause allowing TDM with “nonenjoyment” purposes could be permissible under the so‐called three‐step test. This article further suggests, if there is no political will to safeguard “the right to read should be the right to mine” and to provide a welcoming environment for GenAI researchers and developers, when shaping the legal interpretation through national case law, the EU Member States could consider the following: (1) advocate for 72 h of response if technological protection measures (TPMs) are preventing TDM, and (2) Robot Exclusion Standard (robot.txt) as a warning when TDM is not allowed on a website. It is now in the hands of the EU Member States, whether to protect the interests of rightholders or to create a balance between safeguarding “the right to read should be the right to mine,” protecting rightholders exclusivity, and creating a supportive environment for the GenAI models researcher and developers.
A vision monitoring system for multipoint deflection of large‐span bridge based on camera networking
Authors: Yin Yihe , Yu Qifeng , Hu Biao , Zhang Yueqiang , Chen Wenjun , Liu Xiaolin , Ding Xiaohua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a vision monitoring system for multipoint deflection of a large‐span bridge that can well compensate the camera motion–induced errors. The camera network system (CNS) consists of a series of dual‐camera stations that are linked with the cooperative markers. The infrared illumination supplement device is integrated in the camera station and the regular double‐sided prism is selected as the cooperative marker to realize 24‐h continuous monitoring. The feasibility and efficiency of CNS are verified by conducting a field test inside the steel box girders of a suspension bridge with a length of 1038 m. The results show that the proposed camera networking method can well solve the problem of the large‐scale high‐precision monitoring under unstable measuring platform. For the kilometer‐level flexible bridge, CNS can meet submillimeter precision in quasi‐static measurement, and can also provide deflection data similar to the conventional robotic total station and connecting pipe system in long‐term monitoring. The geometric alignment of large‐span bridges with dense multimeasuring points can be automatically monitored and recorded by CNS. The observed deflections of the studied suspension bridge are dominated with the vehicle load and wind load in the short term and are correlated with the temperature change in the long term. The proposed CNS can provide a new option for the bridge deflection monitoring and provide new parameters for bridge safety evaluation.
A real‐time lane detection network using two‐directional separation attention
Authors: Zhang Lu , Jiang Fengling , Yang Jing , Kong Bin , Hussain Amir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractReal‐time network by adopting attention mechanism is helpful for enhancing lane detection capability of autonomous vehicles. This paper proposes a real‐time lane detection network (TSA‐LNet) that incorporates a lightweight network (LNet) and a two‐directional separation attention (TSA) to enhance the lane detection capability of autonomous vehicles. By adopting the attention mechanism, the real‐time performance and detection accuracy are significantly improved. Specifically, LNet employs symmetry layer to drastically reduce the number of parameters and the network's running time. TSA infers the attention map along two separate directions, transverse and longitudinal, and performs adaptive feature refinement by multiplying the attention map with the input feature map. TSA can be integrated into LNet to capture the local textural and global contextual information of lanes without increasing the processing time. Results on popular benchmarks demonstrate that TSA‐LNet achieves outstanding detection accuracy and faster speed (6.99 ms per image). Additionally, TSA‐LNet exhibits excellent robustness in real‐world scenarios.
The role of microbiota and its modulation in colonic diverticular disease
Authors: Marasco Giovanni , Buttitta Francesco , Cremon Cesare , Barbaro Maria Raffaella , Stanghellini Vincenzo , Barbara Giovanni 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiverticular disease (DD) is a common condition in Western countries. The role of microbiota in the pathogenesis of DD and its related symptoms has been frequently postulated since most complications of this disease are bacteria‐driven and most therapies rely on microbiota modulation. Preliminary data showed fecal microbial imbalance in patients with DD, particularly when symptomatic, with an increase of pro‐inflammatory and potentially pathogenetic bacteria. In addition, bacterial metabolic markers can mirror specific pathways of the disease and may be even used for monitoring treatment effects. All treatments currently suggested for DD can affect microbiota structure and metabolome compositions.PurposeSparse evidence is available linking gut microbiota perturbations, diverticular disease pathophysiology, and symptom development. We aimed to summarize the available knowledge on gut microbiota evaluation in diverticular disease, with a focus on symptomatic uncomplicated DD, and the relative treatment strategies.