bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body Composition and Risk of Incident Heart Failure in 1 Million Adults: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta‐Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
Authors: Oguntade Ayodipupo S. , Islam Nazrul , Malouf Reem , Taylor Hannah , Jin Danyao , Lewington Sarah , Lacey Ben 
Published: June 2023

Background
The aim of this systematic review was to quantify the associations between body composition measures and risk of incident heart failure (HF) and its subtypes in the general population.

Methods and Results

We searched Medline, Embase, and Global Health databases from each database inception to January 19, 2023 for prospective studies reporting on body composition and HF risk. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. The Newcastle‐Ottawa scale was used to assess the risk of bias of included studies. Fixed‐effects models were used for meta‐analysis. Thirty‐five studies were included (n
total
=1 137 044; n
cases
=34 422). Summary relative risk (RR) per 5‐kg/m
2
higher body mass index was 1.42 (95% CI, 1.40–1.42; 𝜁
2
=0.02,
I
2
=94.4%), 1.28 (95% CI, 1.26–1.31; 𝜁
2
=0.01,
I
2
=75.8%) per 10‐cm higher waist circumference, and 1.33 (95% CI, 1.28–1.37; 𝜁
2
=0.04,
I
2
=94.9%) per 0.1‐unit higher waist–hip ratio. Pooled estimates of the few studies that reported on regional fat suggested significant positive association between HF risk and both visceral fat (RR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.04–1.12]) and pericardial fat (RR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.06–1.10]). Among HF subtypes, associations were stronger for HF with preserved ejection fraction than HF with reduced ejection fraction. No study reported on lean mass.

Conclusions
Pooled data suggested strong associations between adiposity and HF. The association with adiposity is stronger for HF with preserved ejection fraction than HF with reduced ejection fraction, indicating that different mechanisms may be at play in etiopathogenesis of HF subtypes. Future studies are needed to investigate role of regional fat mass and lean mass in HF risk.

Registration Information

REGISTRATION: URL:
www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/
. Unique identifier: CRD42020224584.
Birth Weight Is Associated With Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Adulthood
Authors: Schuermans Art , Nakao Tetsushi , Ruan Yunfeng , Koyama Satoshi , Yu Zhi , Uddin Md Mesbah , Haidermota Sara , Hornsby Whitney , Lewandowski Adam J. , Bick Alexander G. , Niroula Abhishek , Jaiswal Siddhartha , Ebert Benjamin L. , Natarajan Pradeep , Honigberg Michael C. 
Published: June 2023

Background
High and low birth weight are independently associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk in adulthood. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), the age‐related clonal expansion of hematopoietic cells with preleukemic somatic mutations, predicts incident cardiovascular disease independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Whether birth weight predicts development of CHIP later in life is unknown.

Methods and Results

A total of 221 047 adults enrolled in the UK Biobank with whole exome sequences and self‐reported birth weight were analyzed. Of those, 22 030 (11.5%) had low (<2.5 kg) and 29 292 (14.7%) high birth weight (>4.0 kg). CHIP prevalence was higher among participants with low (6.0%,
P
=0.049) and high (6.3%,
P
<0.001) versus normal birth weight (5.7%, ref.). Multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression analyses demonstrated that each 1‐kg increase in birth weight was associated with a 3% increased risk of CHIP (odds ratio, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.00–1.06];
P
=0.04), driven by a stronger association observed between birth weight and
DNMT3A
CHIP (odds ratio, 1.04 per 1‐kg increase [95% CI, 1.01–1.08];
P
=0.02). Mendelian randomization analyses supported a causal relationship of longer gestational age at delivery with
DNMT3A
CHIP. Multivariable Cox regression demonstrated that CHIP was independently and additively associated with incident cardiovascular disease or death across birth weight groups, with highest absolute risks in those with CHIP plus high or low birth weight.

Conclusions

Higher birth weight is associated with increased risk of developing CHIP in midlife, especially
DNMT3A
CHIP. These findings identify a novel risk factor for CHIP and provide insights into the relationships among early‐life environment, CHIP, cancer, and cardiovascular disease.
How to Study Virtual Entities Historically? A Proposal
Authors: Ehberger Markus 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper will not present a case study of the historical development of a virtual entity. Rather, I will develop an outlook on virtual entities in the sciences and propose a corresponding method for studying them (historically). In essence, my presentation can be considered a synthesis of different observations from the history and philosophy of science and has its roots in my dissertational research on the development of the virtual particle. Starting with a reflection on the role of presentism for the study of concept formation and development processes, I will show, through the example of the virtual particle, how current debates and interpretations can inform our access to a historical reconstruction. Following these reflections, I will argue for a pragmatist account of concepts as tools for the scientific practitioners. According to the approach presented in my article, concepts perform their functions through representations, and I will lay special focus on verbal representations and their different functions within scientific reasoning. In conclusion, I will frame the outcome of my discussion in terms of a proposal that might, through further research, enrich our understanding of virtual entities in the sciences.
The Ghost in the Machine: Metaphors of the ‘Virtual’ and the ‘Artificial’ in Post-WW2 Computer Science
Authors: Wilson Joseph 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Metaphors that compare the computer to a human brain are common in computer science and can be traced back to a fertile period of research that unfolded after the Second World War. To conceptualize the emerging “intelligent” properties of computing machines, researchers of the era created a series of virtual objects that served as interpretive devices for representing the immaterial functions of the computer. This paper analyses the use of the terms “artificial” and “virtual” in scientific papers, textbooks, and popular articles of the time, and examines how, together, they shaped models in computer science used to conceptualize computer processes.
Neopatrimonialism in Africa
Authors: Real P. De Sousa Ricardo , Cuadrado Jara 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Neopatrimonialism is a conceptual framework frequently used to analyse state politics. This paper reviews objectivist and positivist literature to ascertain the relevance of neopatrimonialism in analysing African state politics. It defines neopatrimonialism following the Weberian model, as the coexistence of a legal-rational domination and a patrimonial domination over the state. The paper reviews neopatrimonialism through the evolution of the African state since colonisation. It uses the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) dataset to assess the prevalence of neopatrimonialism across the world and within Africa. It assesses two propositions to conclude that there can be a “developmental neopatrimonialism” if its practices are regulated but that, inversely, “predatory neopatrimonialism” hinders development. Additionally, the detrimental effect of neopatrimonialism on democracy is ambiguous and democratisation can promote or hinder neopatrimonialism. The paper concludes that neopatrimonialism is a useful research concept if it is specific and able to account for the diversity of practices.
Clericalism and the Problem of Leadership in Africa: Reimagination as Praxis
Authors: Orbih William I. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The praxis of reimagination explores the dynamic relationship between imagination, story, and praxis. Colonialism has greatly impacted the African church’s imagination of clerical authority. The African church needs to reimagine church authority. This requires a greater attentiveness to the story of God’s redeeming love in the person and ministry of Jesus. It also requires we recognize the equal dignity and co-responsibility of laity and clergy in the church’s mission. While the story of Christ’s sacrificial love, the climax of God’s ongoing involvement in human history has priority in the Christian imagination, the ongoing Synod on Synodality is an opportunity to tell and listen to fresh stories of hope, development, and responsible leadership in contemporary Africa.
Confocal laser scanning microscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction delimit species in a taxonomically challenging group: a revision of the plant bug genus Anapus Stål, 1858 (Heteroptera: Miridae)
Authors: Davletshin Shamil Z. , Konstantinov Fedor V. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive revision of the Palearctic plant bug genus Anapus Stål, 1858. Despite a limited number of included species, identification in this group remains challenging due to significant intraspecific polymorphism in the coloration and body proportions. To tackle this issue, confocal microscopy was used to study the male genitalia, and three-dimensional reconstructions of the aedeagus were obtained for all valid species. Our results reveal advantages of these techniques in visualizing small and complex genital structures over traditional methods of taxonomic imaging. A detailed study of the male and female genitalia resulted in finding novel characters allowing for unequivocal species recognition. The differential diagnosis for the genus and a key to all species are given. Habitus photographs, illustrations of male genitalic structures, scanning micrographs of morphological structures, host and distributional information are provided for all species. Anapus longicornis Jakovlev, 1882 is synonymized with Anapus pachymerus (Reuter, 1881) and a lectotype for the latter species is designated. Anapus americanus Knight, 1959 is transferred to the genus Myrmecophyes Fieber, 1870.
From Problem-Centric to Design-Centric STEM Inquiry
Authors: Teo Tang Wee , Tan Yong Leng Kelvin , Neo Melissa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Most STEM curricula focus on problem-solving an authentic issue. However, design-centric STEM curricula have been addressed to a lesser extent. This article reports on findings from a case study on a group of students that have conducted a STEM inquiry project to problem-solve an authentic issue. The STEM inquiry transition to design-centric STEM was organically derived from the interactions between the teacher and students. Qualitative data analysis of the students’ interviews, written reports and reflections was conducted using a prescriptive list of codes that categorises different types of knowledge in 21st century learning. The findings showed students’ content, meta, and humanistic learning outcomes during problem-centric inquiry, and other humanistic outcomes during design-centric inquiry. Implications on integrated STEM curriculum design and contributions to the STEM education literature on the potential diverse affordances of different centricities of STEM curriculum are discussed.
Return to Play After Surgical Treatment for Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cleary Brian P. , Hurley Eoghan T. , Kilkenny Conor J. , Robinson Jake , Khan Sami U. , Davey Martin S. , Anakwenze Oke , Klifto Christopher S. , Mullett Hannan 
Published: June 2023

Background: Acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation is a common clinical problem among young and athletic populations. Surgical management is widely used for high-grade dislocations (Rockwood III-VI) and in high-demand athletes at high risk of recurrence. Purpose: To systematically review the evidence in the literature to ascertain the rate and timing of return to play (RTP) and the availability of specific criteria for safe RTP after surgical treatment for AC joint dislocation. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic literature search based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines was conducted in the PubMed database. Clinical studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported on RTP after surgical treatment for AC joint dislocation. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS. Results: We found 120 studies including 4327 cases meeting our inclusion criteria. The majority of patients were male (80.2%), with a mean age of 37.2 years (range, 15-85) and a mean follow-up of 34.5 months. Most were recreational athletes (79%), and the most common sport was cycling. The overall rate of RTP was 91.5%, with 85.6% returning to the same level of play. Among collision athletes, the rate of RTP was 97.3%, with 97.2% returning to the same level of play. In overhead athletes, the rate of RTP was 97.1%, with 79.2% returning to the same level of play. The mean time to RTP was 5.7 months (range, 1.5-15). Specific RTP criteria were reported in the majority of the studies (83.3%); time to return to play was the most commonly reported item (83.3%). Type III Rockwood injuries had the highest RTP rate at 98.7% and the earliest RTP at 4.9 months. Among the different surgical techniques, Kirschner wire fixation had the highest rate of RTP at 98.5%, while isolated graft reconstruction had the earliest RTP at 3.6 months. Conclusion: The overall rate of RTP was reportedly high after surgical treatment for AC joint dislocation, with the majority of patients returning to their preinjury levels of sport. There is a lack of consensus in the literature for what constitutes a safe RTP, with further focus on this topic required in future studies.
Qualitative Research as a Basis for Transforming an Annual Plague Into an Economic and Nutrition Opportunity for Youths and Their Families in Madagascar: “From Harmful to Useful Critters” for Sustainable Development
Authors: Ratompoarison Christian , Zo Jariseta Rambeloson , Rambeloson Jafetra , Seidel Renata , Rejela Christian 
Published: June 2023

Background: Madagascar is among the 10 highest burden countries for malnutrition. Protein-energy malnutrition, anemia, and vitamin deficiencies are major public health problems. Hunger is exacerbated by an annual locust invasion. The current policy of large-scale government spraying of pesticides from planes is logistically complex, costly, and damaging to the environment. Objective: Our research aimed to study the feasibility of turning the locust invasion into a protein-rich food supply for families and an economic opportunity for youth. Methods: We conducted 20 focus group discussions (FGDs) with females and males aged 18–24 and 25 years or older and with female artisans in 6 swarm communes in Madagascar’s south to understand enablers and barriers to collection, preparation, and consumption of locusts. Results: Enablers include consumption by all ages in Antandroy culture and perception of locusts as a delicacy, tasty, and free. Family members have different roles in the collection and preparation of locusts. Local technologies for mass collection include digging trenches in fields and entrapment via sisal netting. Common preparations include boiling in salted water, drying, skewering, frying, and grinding locusts into flour. Disablers include pesticide contamination of locusts and the view that locusts are a famine food. Conclusion: Our research provided a first step in demonstrating the feasibility of transforming locust infestations into economic and nutritional opportunities in a fragile environment with high levels of poverty and malnutrition. It contributes to advocacy in Madagascar to end the use of pesticides. It responds to the government desire to address the protein-energy malnutrition burden and youth poverty in an integrated way.
Incidence of Acute Cellular Rejection After Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Lung Transplant Recipients
Authors: Fredrick Stacy R. , Iasella Carlo J. , Sacha Lauren M. , Rivosecchi Ryan M. , Morrell Matthew R. , Sanchez Pablo G. , Pilewski Joseph M. , Snyder Mark E. , McDyer John F. , Moore Cody A. 
Published: June 2023

Background Neutropenia is a common complication in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). Filgrastim may be used to treat neutropenia in LTRs, but its consequences on acute cellular rejection (ACR) remain controversial. Objective: The purpose was to examine the association between filgrastim and incidence of ACR 6 months after filgrastim administration in LTRs. Secondary outcomes included burden of ACR, infections, chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), and survival. Methods: This was a matched cohort study of patients transplanted between January 2010 and October 2019. LTRs who received filgrastim for neutropenia were compared to a cohort who did not. LTRs were matched on transplant indication, sex, age, and time post-transplant and multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the likelihood of ACR. Results: 212 patients were included in the analysis (106 in each group). 50 patients (47.2%) in the filgrastim group experienced ACR compared to 37 patients (34.9%) in the no filgrastim group ( P = .070). In multivariable analysis, filgrastim use was not associated with ACR at 6 months (OR 1.409, 95% CI 0.772-2.571). Time to first ACR was shorter ( P = .049) and 6-month ACR score was higher in the filgrastim group (.49 vs .33, P = .047). LTRs in the filgrastim group had higher incidence of bacterial pneumonia and 1-year mortality. Conclusions: Although not associated with increased likelihood of ACR at 6 months, our study found that filgrastim is associated with increased ACR burden and decreased time to ACR. This study can help inform clinicians of ACR risk after filgrastim use in LTRs.
The Effect of Clinical Frailty on Wound Healing in Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia
Authors: Nishian Kunihiko , Fukunaga Masashi , Nishimura Machiko , Fujiwara Reiko , Kawasaki Daizo 
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Clinical frailty increases the risk of adverse outcomes in older people. Patients with Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) also had several clinical frailties. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between clinical frailty scales (CFS) at discharge and wound healing rate in patients with tissue loss. Methods: A total of 510 limbs in 431 CLTI patients who were undergone endovascular treatment (EVT) from January 2013 to November 2018 were enrolled in this study. Patients were categorized into 4-groups based on the CFS stages: CFS 1 to 4 (well), CFS 5 (mild), CFS 6 (moderate) and CFS ≥7 (severe). And the change in patient’s activities during hospitalize was classified into 3 groups based on CFS; improve, stable, worse. Primary endpoint was correlation between CFS at discharge and wound healing rate. Secondary endpoint was relationship between the changes in patient’s activities and wound healing rate. Results: A total of 365 limbs were obtained complete wound healing during this study period. Patient distribution into the 4 CFS groups was as follows: 13.3% (well), 21.8% (mild), 25.3% (moderate) and 39.6% (severe). Wound healing rate in severe CFS group was significantly lower than that in other CFS groups (p<0.0001). Wound healing rate in the patients who achieved improvement of activity was significantly higher than that in the other groups (p=0.008). Conclusions: CFS might be useful for risk stratification in patients with tissue loss. And improvement of activity during hospitalization might lead to increase the wound healing rate. Clinical Impact Although the association between clinical frailty and prognosis outcome of Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) has been reported, the effect of clinical frailty on wound healing remains unclear. Clinical frailty scale is independently associated with wound healing and might be useful for risk stratification in patients with tissue loss. Improvement of activity during hospitalization might lead to increase the wound healing rate.
DeepASDPred: a CNN-LSTM-based deep learning method for Autism spectrum disorders risk RNA identification
Authors: Fan Yongxian , Xiong Hui , Sun Guicong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by difficulty communicating with society and others, behavioral difficulties, and a brain that processes information differently than normal. Genetics has a strong impact on ASD associated with early onset and distinctive signs. Currently, all known ASD risk genes are able to encode proteins, and some de novo mutations disrupting protein-coding genes have been demonstrated to cause ASD. Next-generation sequencing technology enables high-throughput identification of ASD risk RNAs. However, these efforts are time-consuming and expensive, so an efficient computational model for ASD risk gene prediction is necessary.

Results
In this study, we propose DeepASDPerd, a predictor for ASD risk RNA based on deep learning. Firstly, we use K-mer to feature encode the RNA transcript sequences, and then fuse them with corresponding gene expression values to construct a feature matrix. After combining chi-square test and logistic regression to select the best feature subset, we input them into a binary classification prediction model constructed by convolutional neural network and long short-term memory for training and classification. The results of the tenfold cross-validation proved our method outperformed the state-of-the-art methods. Dataset and source code are available at https://github.com/Onebear-X/DeepASDPred is freely available.

Conclusions
Our experimental results show that DeepASDPred has outstanding performance in identifying ASD risk RNA genes.
Insights into phylogenetic relationships in Pinus inferred from a comparative analysis of complete chloroplast genomes
Authors: Xia Qijing , Zhang Hongbin , Lv Dong , El-Kassaby Yousry A. , Li Wei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Pinus is the largest genus of Pinaceae and the most primitive group of modern genera. Pines have become the focus of many molecular evolution studies because of their wide use and ecological significance. However, due to the lack of complete chloroplast genome data, the evolutionary relationship and classification of pines are still controversial. With the development of new generation sequencing technology, sequence data of pines are becoming abundant. Here, we systematically analyzed and summarized the chloroplast genomes of 33 published pine species.

Results
Generally, pines chloroplast genome structure showed strong conservation and high similarity. The chloroplast genome length ranged from 114,082 to 121,530 bp with similar positions and arrangements of all genes, while the GC content ranged from 38.45 to 39.00%. Reverse repeats showed a shrinking evolutionary trend, with IRa/IRb length ranging from 267 to 495 bp. A total of 3,205 microsatellite sequences and 5,436 repeats were detected in the studied species chloroplasts. Additionally, two hypervariable regions were assessed, providing potential molecular markers for future phylogenetic studies and population genetics. Through the phylogenetic analysis of complete chloroplast genomes, we offered novel opinions on the genus traditional evolutionary theory and classification.

Conclusion
We compared and analyzed the chloroplast genomes of 33 pine species, verified the traditional evolutionary theory and classification, and reclassified some controversial species classification. This study is helpful in analyzing the evolution, genetic structure, and the development of chloroplast DNA markers in Pinus.