bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycobacterial contamination in tap and shower waters in Thailand
Authors: Song Jack Jia Xin , Oguma Kumiko 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Waterborne disease is increasingly becoming associated with opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens (OPPPs), which can resist residual chlorination, regrow throughout drinking water distribution systems, and colonize premise plumbing. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) include clinically important species and exert a high burden on healthcare systems. We briefly report a qPCR-based survey of Mycobacterium spp. numbers in tap, POU-treated, and shower waters from Bangkok, Thailand. Non-stagnant tap waters and non-stagnant shower waters had mean numbers of 1.3 × 103 and 2.4 × 103 copies/mL, respectively. Water stagnation resulted in mean numbers higher by up to 1.0 log. The lowest number, 25 copies/mL, was obtained from a POU-treated sample, while the highest number, 2.0 × 104 copies/mL, came from a stagnant tap. Comparing with international data, mean numbers in this study were greater than those in nine out of 11 (82%) comparable studies, and the maximum numbers in this study were also high. Our samples of Bangkok waters exhibited relatively high Mycobacterium spp. numbers, suggesting the need for appropriate POU treatment systems where NTM infection is a health concern. This survey data can be used to set inactivation performance targets in POU water disinfection system design and may also lead to quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) studies.
JWST UNCOVER: discovery of z &gt; 9 galaxy candidates behind the lensing cluster Abell 2744
Authors: Atek Hakim , Chemerynska Iryna , Wang Bingjie , Furtak Lukas J , Weibel Andrea , Oesch Pascal , Weaver John R , Labbé Ivo , Bezanson Rachel , van Dokkum Pieter , Zitrin Adi , Dayal Pratika , Williams Christina C , Nannayakkara Themiya , Price Sedona H , Brammer Gabriel , Goulding Andy D , Leja Joel , Marchesini Danilo , Nelson Erica J , Pan Richard , Whitaker Katherine E 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the results of a search for high-redshift (z &gt; 9) galaxy candidates in the JWST UNCOVER survey, using deep NIRCam and NIRISS imaging in seven bands over ∼45 arcmin2 and ancillary Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations. The NIRCam observations reach a 5σ limiting magnitude of ∼29.2 AB. The identification of high-z candidates relies on a combination of a dropout selection and photometric redshifts. We find 16 candidates at 9 &lt; z &lt; 12 and three candidates at 12 &lt; z &lt; 13, eight candidates are deemed very robust. Their lensing amplification ranges from μ = 1.2 to 11.5. Candidates have a wide range of (lensing corrected) luminosities and young ages, with low stellar masses [6.8 &lt; log(M⋆/M⊙) &lt; 9.5] and low star formation rates (SFR = 0.2–7 M⊙ yr−1), confirming previous findings in early JWST observations of z &gt; 9. A few galaxies at z ∼ 9−10 appear to show a clear Balmer break between the F356W and F444W/F410M bands, which helps constrain their stellar mass. We estimate blue UV continuum slopes between β = −1.8 and −2.3, typical for early galaxies at z &gt; 9 but not as extreme as the bluest recently discovered sources. We also find evidence for a rapid redshift-evolution of the mass-luminosity relation and a redshift evolution of the UV continuum slope for a given range of intrinsic magnitude, in line with theoretical predictions. These findings suggest that deeper JWST observations are needed to reach the fainter galaxy population at those early epochs, and follow-up spectroscopy will help better constrain the physical properties and star formation histories of a larger sample of galaxies.
A simulation-based inference pipeline for cosmic shear with the Kilo-Degree Survey
Authors: Lin Kiyam , von wietersheim-Kramsta Maximilian , Joachimi Benjamin , Feeney Stephen 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The standard approach to inference from cosmic large-scale structure data employs summary statistics that are compared to analytic models in a Gaussian likelihood with pre-computed covariance. To overcome the idealizing assumptions about the form of the likelihood and the complexity of the data inherent to the standard approach, we investigate simulation-based inference (SBI), which learns the likelihood as a probability density parameterized by a neural network. We construct suites of simulated summary statistics, exactly Gaussian distributed for validation purposes, for the most recent Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) weak gravitational lensing analysis and demonstrate that SBI recovers the full 12-dimensional KiDS posterior distribution with just under 104 simulations. We optimize the simulation strategy by initially covering the parameter space by a hypercube, followed by batches of actively learnt additional points. The data compression in our SBI implementation is robust to suboptimal choices of fiducial parameter values and of data covariance. Together with a fast simulator, SBI is therefore a competitive and more versatile alternative to standard inference.
Energy balance SED modelling can be effective at high redshifts regardless of UV-FIR offsets
Authors: Haskell P , Smith D J B , Cochrane R K , Hayward C C , Anglés-Alcázar D 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Recent works have suggested that energy balance spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting codes may be of limited use for studying high-redshift galaxies for which the observed ultraviolet and far-infrared emission are offset (spatially ‘decoupled’). It has been proposed that such offsets could lead energy balance codes to miscalculate the overall energetics, preventing them from recovering such galaxies’ true properties. In this work, we test how well the SED fitting code magphys can recover the stellar mass, star formation rate (SFR), specific SFR, dust mass, and luminosity by fitting 6706 synthetic SEDs generated from four zoom-in simulations of dusty, high-redshift galaxies from the FIRE project via dust continuum radiative transfer. Comparing our panchromatic results (using wavelengths 0.4–500 μm, and spanning 1 &lt; z &lt; 8) with fits based on either the starlight ($\lambda _\mathrm{eff} \le 2.2\, \mu$m) or dust ($\ge 100\, \mu$m) alone, we highlight the power of considering the full range of multiwavelength data alongside an energy balance criterion. Overall, we obtain acceptable fits for 83 per cent of the synthetic SEDs, though the success rate falls rapidly beyond z ≈ 4, in part due to the sparser sampling of the priors at earlier times since SFHs must be physically plausible (i.e. shorter than the age of the universe). We use the ground truth from the simulations to show that when the quality of fit is acceptable, the fidelity of magphys estimates is independent of the degree of UV/FIR offset, with performance very similar to that previously reported for local galaxies.
Self-consistent dynamical models with a finite extent – III. Truncated power-law spheres
Authors: Baes Maarten , Vander Meulen Bert 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Fully analytical dynamical models usually have an infinite extent, while real star clusters, galaxies, and dark matter haloes have a finite extent. The standard method for generating dynamical models with a finite extent consists of taking a model with an infinite extent and applying a truncation in binding energy. This method, however, cannot be used to generate models with a preset analytical mass density profile. We investigate the self-consistency and dynamical properties of a family of power-law spheres with a general tangential Cuddeford (TC) orbital structure. By varying the density power-law slope γ and the central anisotropy β0, these models cover a wide parameter space in density and anisotropy profiles. We explicitly calculate the phase–space distribution function for various parameter combinations, and interpret our results in terms of the energy distribution of bound orbits. We find that truncated power-law spheres can be supported by a TC orbital structure if, and only if, γ ≥ 2β0, which means that the central density slope–anisotropy inequality is both a sufficient and a necessary condition for this family. We provide closed expressions for structural and dynamical properties such as the radial and tangential velocity dispersion profiles, which can be compared against more complex numerical modelling results. This work significantly adds to the available suite of self-consistent dynamical models with a finite extent and an analytical description.
Detecting deviations from Gaussianity in high-redshift CMB lensing maps
Authors: Zhang Zhuoqi (Jackie) , Omori Yuuki , Chang Chihway 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
While the probability density function of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) convergence field approximately follows a Gaussian distribution, primordial non-Gaussianities, and small contributions from structures at low redshifts make the overall distribution slightly non-Gaussian. Some of the late-time component can be modelled using the distribution of galaxies and subtracted off from the original CMB lensing map to produce a map of matter distribution at high redshifts. Using this high-redshift mass map, we are able to directly study the early phases of structure formation. In this work, we forecast the detectability of signatures of non-Gaussianity due to non-linear structure formation at z &gt; 1.2. Assuming the optimal case of no systematics, we find that it is challenging to detect such signatures in current surveys, but future experiments such as the deep field of CMB-S4 will be able to make detections of ∼7σ.
Investigating the porosity of Enceladus
Authors: Kisvárdai Imre , Pál Bernadett D , Kereszturi Ákos 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTThe interior of Enceladus, a medium-sized icy moon of Saturn hosts hydrothermal activity and exhibits tidal heating and related geyser-like activity. There are major disagreements in the existing literature on the porosity of the interior due to the different theoretical assumptions on which porosity related calculations are based. We present an application of experimental equations – derived for the Earth – for icy planetary objects and Enceladus in particular. We chose a set of boundary values for our initial parameters from measured porosity values of chondrite samples as references and calculated the porosity related values of Enceladus using various approaches. We present a comprehensive investigation of the effects of using these different porosity calculation methods on icy moons. With our most realistic approach, we also calculated the same values for the Earth and Mars for comparison. Our result for Enceladus is a minimum porosity of about 5 per cent at the centre of the body. For the total pore volume, we estimated 1.51 · 107 km3 for Enceladus, 2.11 · 108 km3 for the Earth and 1.62 · 108 km3 for Mars. Using the same method, we estimated the total pore surface area. From this, we derived that the pore surface under a given 1 km2 area of the surface on Enceladus is about 1.37 · 109 km2, while for the Earth this value is only 5.07 · 107 km2.
Modelling stellar evolution in mass-transferring binaries and gravitational-wave progenitors with metisse
Authors: Agrawal Poojan , Hurley Jarrod , Stevenson Simon , Rodriguez Carl L , Szécsi Dorottya , Kemp Alex 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Massive binaries are vital sources of various transient processes, including gravitational-wave mergers. However, large uncertainties in the evolution of massive stars, both physical and numerical, present a major challenge to the understanding of their binary evolution. In this paper, we upgrade our interpolation-based stellar evolution code metisse to include the effects of mass changes, such as binary mass transfer or wind-driven mass loss, not already included within the input stellar tracks. metisse’s implementation of mass loss (applied to tracks without mass loss) shows excellent agreement with the sse fitting formulae and with detailed mesa tracks, except in cases where the mass transfer is too rapid for the star to maintain equilibrium. We use this updated version of metisse within the binary population synthesis code bse to demonstrate the impact of varying stellar evolution parameters, particularly core overshooting, on the evolution of a massive (25 and 15 M⊙) binary system with an orbital period of 1800 d. Depending on the input tracks, we find that the binary system can form a binary black hole or a black hole–neutron star system, with primary (secondary) remnant masses ranging between 4.47 (1.36) and 12.30 (10.89) M⊙, and orbital periods ranging from 6 d to the binary becoming unbound. Extending this analysis to a population of isolated binaries uniformly distributed in mass and orbital period, we show that the input stellar models play an important role in determining which regions of the binary parameter space can produce compact binary mergers, paving the way for predictions for current and future gravitational-wave observatories.
Universal relations to measure neutron star properties from targeted r-mode searches
Authors: Ghosh Suprovo 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
R-mode oscillations of rotating neutron stars (NS) are promising candidates for continuous gravitational wave (GW) observations. In our recent work, we derived universal relations between the NS parameters compactness and dimensionless tidal deformability with the r-mode frequency. In this work, we investigate how these universal relations can be used to infer various NS intrinsic parameters following a successful detection of the r-modes. In particular, we show that for targeted r-mode searches, these universal relations along with the ‘I–Love–Q’ relation can be used to estimate both the moment of inertia and the distance of the NS, thus breaking the degeneracy of distance measurement for continuous gravitational wave (CGW) observations. We also discuss that, with a prior knowledge of the distance of the NS from electromagnetic observations, these universal relations can also be used to constrain the dense matter equation of state (EOS) inside the NS. We quantify the accuracy to which such measurements can be done using the Fisher information matrix for a broad range of possible, unknown parameters for both the a-LIGO and Einstein Telescope (ET) sensitivities.
Variation of temperature and non-thermal velocity with height in fan loops
Authors: Sharma Aishawnnya , Tripathi Durgesh 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
We study the variation of temperature and non-thermal velocity with height in fan loops. For this purpose, we have used the observations recorded by the Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer onboard Hinode. We have employed the emission measure (EM)-loci method to estimate the temperatures of different coronal fan loops and then compute the non-thermal velocities using the obtained temperatures in Si vii 275.35 Å and Fe viii 185.21 Å lines. The EM-loci analysis provides nearly iso-thermal temperature along the fan loops. We obtain the peak temperatures in the range $\log \, T(K)$ = 5.85–5.95 for fan loops, and the subtraction of thermal broadening gives the non-thermal velocities in the range ≈5–15 and 11–29 km s−1 for Si vii 275.35 Å and Fe viii 185.21 Å, respectively. Our method provides quantitative accuracy in the measurement of non-thermal velocity, which is an important parameter in understanding the dynamics of heating of the solar atmosphere.
Digging a little deeper: characterizing three new extreme ULX candidates
Authors: Roberts T P , Walton D J , Mackenzie A D A , Heida M , Scaringi S 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
A prime motivation for compiling catalogues of any celestial X-ray source is to increase our numbers of rare subclasses. In this work, we take a recent multimission catalogue of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) and look for hitherto poorly-studied ULX candidates that are luminous ($L_{\rm X} \ge 10^{40}\,{\rm erg\,s}^{-1}$), bright ($f_{\rm X} \ge 5 \times 10^{-13}\,{\rm erg\,cm}^{-2}\,{\rm s}^{-1}$), and have archival XMM–Newton data. We speculate that this luminosity regime may be ideal for identifying new pulsating ULXs (PULXs), given that the majority of known PULXs reach similar high luminosities. We find three sources that match our criteria and study them using archival data. We find 4XMM J165251.5−591503 to possess a bright and variable Galactic optical/IR counterpart, and so conclude it is very likely to be a foreground interloper. 4XMM J091948.8−121429 does appear to be an excellent ULX candidate associated with the dwarf irregular galaxy PGC 26378, but has only one detection to date with low data quality. The best data set belongs to 4XMM J112054.3+531040 which we find to be a moderately variable, spectrally hard (Γ ≈ 1.4) X-ray source located in a spiral arm of NGC 3631. Its spectral hardness is similar to known PULXs, but no pulsations are detected by accelerated pulsation searches in the available data. We discuss whether other missions provide objects for similar studies and compare this method to others suggested for identifying good PULX candidates.
Empirically Driven multiwavelength K-corrections at low redshift
Authors: Fielder Catherine E , Andrews Brett H , Newman Jeffrey , Salim Samir 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
K-corrections – a necessary ingredient for converting between flux in observed bands to flux in rest-frame bands – are critical for comparing galaxies at differing redshifts. These corrections often rely on fits to empirical or theoretical spectral energy distribution (SED) templates of galaxies. However, templates can only produce reliable K-corrections in regimes where SED models are robust. For instance, the templates utilized in some popular software packages are not well-constrained in some bands (e.g. WISE W4 in Kcorrect), which results in ill-behaved K-corrections. We address this shortcoming by developing an empirically driven approach to K-corrections that limits the dependence on SED templates. We perform a polynomial fit for the K-correction as a function of a galaxy’s rest-frame colour determined in a pair of well-constrained bands (e.g. 0(g − r)) and redshift, exploiting the fact that galaxy SEDs can be approximated as a one-parameter family at low redshift. For bands well-constrained by SED templates, our empirically driven K-corrections yield results comparable to the SED fitting methods used by Kcorrect and the GSWLC-M2 catalogue (the updated medium-deep GALEX–SDSS–WISE Legacy Catalogue). However, our method dramatically outperforms Kcorrect derived K-corrections for WISE W4. Our method is also robust to incorrect template assumptions outside of the optical bands and enforces that the K-correction must be zero at z = 0. Our K-corrected photometry and code are publicly available.
The Gating Domain of MEF28 Is Essential for Editing Two Contiguous Cytidines in nad2 mRNA in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Bayer-Császár Eszter , Jörg Anja , Härtel Barbara , Brennicke Axel , Takenaka Mizuki 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In plant organelles, each C-to-U RNA-editing site is specifically recognized by pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins with E1-E2, E1-E2-E+ or E1-E2-DYW domain extensions at the C-terminus. The distance between the PPR domain–binding site and the RNA-editing site is usually fixed at four bases, increasing the specificity of target-site recognition in this system. We here report, in contrast to the general case, on MEF28, which edits two adjacent mitochondrial sites, nad2-89 and nad2-90. When the sDYW domain of MEF28 was replaced with one derived from MEF11 or CRR22, the ability to edit downstream sites was lost, suggesting that the DYW domain of MEF28 provides unique target flexibility for two continuous cytidines. By contrast, substitutions of the entire E1-E2-DYW domains by MEF19E1-E2, SLO2E1-E2-E+ or CRR22E1-E2-E+ target both nad2 sites. In these cases, access to the contiguous sites in the chimeric PPR proteins is likely to be provided by the trans-associated DYW1-like proteins via the replaced E1-E2 or E1-E2-E+ domains. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the gating domain of MEF28 plays an important role in specific target-site recognition of the DYW domain. This finding suggests that the DYW domain and its internal gating domain fine-tune the specificity of the target site, which is valuable information for designing specific synthetic RNA-editing tools based on plant RNA-editing factors.
Comprehensive dissection of meiotic DNA double-strand breaks and crossovers in cucumber
Authors: Wang Yanling , Dong Zhaonian , Ma Yalin , Zheng Yi , Huang Sanwen , Yang Xueyong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Meiotic recombination drives genetic diversity and crop genome optimization. In plant breeding, parents with favorable traits are crossed to create elite varieties. Different hybridizations produce diverse types of segment reshuffling between homologous chromosomes. However, little is known about the factors that cause hybrid-specific changes in crossovers (COs). Here, we constructed 2 F2 populations from crosses between a semiwild and 2 domesticated cucumber (Cucumis sativus) accessions and examined CO events. COs mainly occurred around genes and differed unevenly along chromosomes between the 2 hybrids. Fine-scale CO distributions were suppressed in regions of heterozygous structural variations (SVs) and were accelerated by high sequence polymorphism. C. sativus RADiation sensitive 51A (CsRAD51A) binding, histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) modification, chromatin accessibility, and hypomethylation were positively associated with global CO landscapes and in local DNA double-strand break (DSB) hotspots and genes. The frequency and suppression of COs could be roughly predicted based on multiomic information. Differences in CO events between hybrids could be partially traced to distinct genetic and epigenetic features and were significantly associated with specific DSB hotspots and heterozygous SVs. Our findings identify the genomic and epigenetic features that contribute to CO formation and hybrid-specific divergence in cucumber and provide theoretical support for selecting parental combinations and manipulating recombination events at target genomic regions during plant breeding.
Deterrence Without Mutual Destruction
Authors: Issacharoff Samuel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
With openness comes vulnerability. David Sloss's new work, Tyrants on Twitter, elevates the abuse of social media by autocrats to a new war front, reminiscent of the concerns for foreign penetration during the Cold War. His response to this new round of “information warfare” is the mobilization of a transnational alliance of the 40 or so leading democratic countries to register citizens for use of social media and filter out tyrants and their fronts, be they real people or bots. The book begins by chronicling the extent of democratic decline, a well-defended starting point. More complicated is the argument that the correlation between democratic decline and foreign interference establishes the causal role of the latter. Even more difficult is the conclusion that there is need for war-like footing to mobilize against foreign threats. The review ends with a note of caution on the costs associated with democratic societies closing up in the face of foreign challenge.