bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(448) Sexual Emergencies
Authors: Dominguez-Bali A , Rey C , Dominguez-Bali C , Sharma R , Baqer A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Urologist, gynecologist, surgeons, sexologists, and ER physicians are familiarized with some of the sexual emergencies that called the attention of everybody. However, the broad spectrum of those disorders is not well-known.

Objective
1. Show the magnitude of sexual emergencies in an important hospital of South Florida. 2. Show the magnitude of sexual emergencies nationally and internationally. 3. Describe how they can vary according with the place, culture, and societies. 4. To learn the methods of diagnosis and treatment of these ample variety of conditions.

Methods
Based on the multiple cases seen in our ER in Hialeah Hospital in Miami, Florida, extensive review of the literature was done, and the cases are presented to show the magnitude, variety, and diversity of cases in the different areas of the medical field.

Results
The review includes: I. The common coital emergencies in neurology (benign coital headache, subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral bleeding, subdural hemorrhage, cerebral vascular accidents), urology (penile fracture, priapism, preputial tears, penile vessel rupture, penile strangulation, penile necrosis, ureterovesical foreign bodies, epididymitis., obstructive uropathies), cardiology (sudden cardiac death, myocardial infarction), gynecology (vaginal laceration and/or evisceration with/without previous gynecological surgeries), obstetrical (postpartum dyspareunia secondary or not to episiotomy or vaginal lacerations; postcoital preterm labor), immunological (local or systemic, anaphylactic allergic reactions). II. Common autoerotic emergencies in gastroenterology (foreign objects in rectum, vagina, oropharyngeal/mandibular lesions), as well as “body packers” cases (swallowed latex balloons for smuggling in the GI tract, rectum, or vagina). III. Sexual assault IV. Sexual dysfunction: Hyperactive arousal disorders (compulsive hunt for orgasms with/without attempt or real suicide, hypersexuality related to SSRI use). V. Sociosexual issues: Killings for jealousy during sex, infidelity, castration like Lorena Bobbitt case. gynecologicalgynecological

Conclusions
The epidemiology of these pathologies varies from country to country and includes subjects of any age, sex, race, religion, and culture. Finally, a review of these diagnostic methods and treatment are presented.

Disclosure
No
(487) Long-term Outcomes Following Partial Plaque Excision and Grafting (PEG) for Peyronie’s Disease and Subanalysis of Patients Who Undergo PEG Despite Pre-operative Counseling Against PEG
Authors: Langbo W , Wang V , Yoon J , Roadman D , Bajic P , Levine L 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Peyronie’s Disease (PD) is a debilitating condition characterized by progressive scarring of the tunica albuginea. The resulting deformities are often emotionally devastating to patients, and include erectile dysfunction, painful erections, penile curvature, indentation, hourglass, and hinge deformities. According to previously published surgical algorithm for PD in 1997, partial plaque excision and grafting (PEG) is recommended for patients with &gt;60 degree curvature +/− hinge and strong pre-operative erections while placement of an inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) is recommended when rigidity is sub-optimal.* Nevertheless, many patients counseled to undergo an IPP refuse and insist on proceeding with PEG due to personal preference. We hypothesize that men counseled to undergo IPP but choose to undergo PEG will report lower satisfaction rates and reduced ability to engage in sexual intercourse post-operatively.

Objective
Our objective was to evaluate and compare long-term patient-reported outcomes in men who underwent PEG at a single institution between 2007 and 2021.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted from 2007 to 2021 on PEG surgeries performed at a single, tertiary-care institution in patients ≥18 years old who had &gt;3 months of follow up.

Results
251 patients underwent PEG with a mean follow up was 35.5 months. 54 patients (22%) were initially advised to undergo IPP but elected for PEG. Of these 54 patients, 17 (32%) had pre-operative 9-10 subjective erectile rigidity, relative to 110 of 197 (56%) patients who were initially counseled to undergo PEG (p=0.002). On duplex penile ultrasound, patients counseled to undergo IPP had a mean objective erectile rigidity of 7.8, compared to a mean objective rigidity of 8.6 in patients initially counseled to undergo PEG (p 15 units for pre-operative duplex ultrasound evaluation were less likely to be able to engage in post-operative intercourse following PEG surgery (48.6%) relative to those who needed &lt;15 units (71.1%) (p=0.02).

Conclusions
Patients who were initially counseled to undergo IPP due to sub-optimal erectile rigidity but elected for PEG procedure had worse post-operative ability to engage in penetrative intercourse. Significantly more of these patients also eventually underwent IPP. Pre-operative trimix dosing &lt;15U is a predictor of post-operative erectile function as it may be reflective of better pre-operative erectile quality. Subjective and objective measures of erectile function appear to be critical predictors of post-operative erectile function in patients who had underwent PEG, confirming the previously published 1997 algorithm on the surgical management of PD.* *J Urol 1997; 158: 2149-52.

Disclosure
Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Boston Scientific (Consultant)
(529) Etiology of Erectile Dysfunction in Patients who Underwent Endourological Procedures for Prostate vs. Robotic and Open Radical Prostatectomy.
Authors: Haehn D , Escoda-Diaz C , Geldmaker L , Baird B , Ericson C , Ball C , Broderick G 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction continues to be a concern for patients and physicians after surgical treatment of prostate pathology.

Objective
To analyze doppler diagnosis on patients who underwent prostate surgery for benign or malignant pathology of the prostate.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed all patients who underwent either robotic assisted prostatectomy (RALP), open retropubic prostatectomy (RRP), endoscopic procedures such as greenlight procedure, laser resection of the prostate or transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP); and High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) treatment for prostate pathology and who underwent intracavernous injection followed by Color Doppler Duplex Ultrasound (CDDU) at our institution between 2005 and 2019. CDDU findings were recorded following injection of low dose alprostadil (10-20 mcg) and again after a period of privacy and visual sexual stimulation. CCDU findings including peak systolic velocities (PSV), and resistive indices (RIs) were recorded. Arterial insufficiency (AI) was defined as either a post-stimulation PSV &lt; 25 with any RI or a PSV 25-34.9 with RI≥0.9. Cavernous Venous Occlusion Disease (CVOD) was defined as post-stimulation PSV ≥35 with RI &lt; 0.9. Mixed was defined as post-stimulation PSV 25-34.9 with RI &lt; 0.9. Vascular normal was defined as post-stim PSV ≥ 35 with RI ≥ 0.9.

Results
380/1917 (19.8%) patients had a past surgical history of prostate surgery. 111/380 (29.2%) underwent RRP, 168/380 (44.2%) patients underwent RALP, 85/380 (22.3%) underwent endourological resection of the prostate and 2/380 (0.5%) patients underwent HIFU. Median age for the RALP group was 60.5 (IQR 23.7-82.8), RRP group was 64.2 (29.7-87.7), endourological resection of the prostate 64.6 (30.8 – 85.6) and HIFU 65.0 (46.9-79.4). 87.1% of patients who had an endoscopic procedure were using phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors at the time of CDDU. CVOD was the most common etiology of ED in patients who underwent RRP (28.8%) and Endourological procedures of the prostate (32.9%); In patient who underwent RALP the most common etiology of ED was noted to be AI (28.6%), however none of these values were statistically significant (p=0.428).

Conclusions
There is no difference in etiology of ED in patients who underwent open, robotic or endoscopic manipulation of the prostate as shown by CDDU.

Disclosure
No
Political Philosophy as Rhetoric
Authors: Vatter Miguel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses Leo Strauss’s conception of Platonic political philosophy and the role played by rhetoric by comparing it with Hermann Cohen’s reading of Maimonides and Plato. The chapter argues that Strauss views the separation of philosophy from politics as itself a rhetorical ploy intended to shield the political character of first philosophy. The chapter thus discusses the senses in which both philosophy and religion are deeply rhetorical, viz. political discourses. The political character of philosophy is best understood by reconstructing the Platonic ideal of the philosopher king under conditions of prophetic revelation. From this perspective, both Strauss and Cohen hold the view that Athens and Jerusalem, philosophy and revelation, should be understood as being closer to each other than they are usually considered to be.
Marxist Theories of Latin American Social Movements
Authors: Webber Jeffery R. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter identifies the core features specific to the Marxist approach to social movements—an emphasis on capitalism, totality, and class—and compares them to competing theoretical perspectives in the context of Latin American debates. Specifically, it distinguishes the Marxist approach to social movements from those theories rooted in identity and New Social Movements, on the one hand, and resource mobilization or political opportunity structures, on the other. It surveys the distinct ways that Latin American Marxism has theorized social movements over its different historical phases, from 1870 to the present. The decisive influence of Peruvian Marxist José Carlos Mariátegui, dependency theory, and Latin American receptions of the work of the Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci are emphasized. In the most recent debates on Latin American social movements, Marxist contributions to the themes of territoriality, indigenous struggles, the commons, autonomy, and social movement–state relations are explained.
Repertoires of Contention across Latin America
Authors: Wada Takeshi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The idea of repertoires of contention has become one of the core tools in the study of contentious politics and social movements. The main goal of this chapter is to introduce some of the recent studies on repertoires of contention across Latin America and to assess their theoretical contributions to the literature beyond the region. The chapter finds that the idea of repertoires of contention has become an integral part of the study of contentious politics and social movements in Latin America today. To explain the reasons why new and innovative forms of contention emerge in Latin America, scholars look for some of the main causal factors suggested in the repertoire literature including, among others, regime characteristics, material resources, cultural schemas, and collective identities. The chapter then addresses the following question: What insights can these studies on Latin America offer to the general literature of repertoires of contention? It finds some genuine theoretical breakthroughs with the potential to transform the ideas and theories of repertoires of contention and presents three possible research directions, with some pioneering examples from Latin America.
Indigenous Movements in Latin America
Authors: Rice Roberta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhat are the major characteristics and contributions of indigenous movements to Latin American politics and society? What do indigenous movements teach us about social movement dynamics? This chapter addresses these questions by reviewing the key approaches and debates in the literature on indigenous movements in Latin America. The chapter begins with an examination of the historical roots of indigenous dispossession. It then provides an overview of the theoretical explanations for the sudden and unexpected rise of Indigenous movements during the 1990s, including structural, cultural, and rational choice accounts. The chapter analyzes the characteristics and contributions of indigenous struggles for identity, territory, and autonomy for understanding social movement theory and practice. Particular attention is paid to the multiscalar organizational efforts of indigenous movements and the bridging of protest and electoral coalitions in achieving movement demands. The chapter concludes by charting the course ahead for scholarship on Indigenous movements in the region.
New Social Movements in Latin America and the Changing Socio-political Matrix
Authors: Garretón Manuel Antonio , Selamé Nicolás 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
During the 1970s and 1980s, collective action showed several new traits that generated a debate on studying social movements. These are the distance that social movements were having with the political system, the importance of normative claims and non-material demands, the middle-class social composition, and the centrality of identity. Around these characteristics emerged the concept and study of “New Social Movements” (NSMs), and the attempts not only to understand their ways of action, but also the changes in society that could explain their emergence in contraposition to “traditional movements.” In Latin America, the NSMs concept was due to a new political context, mainly explained by the rise of dictatorships and new links that developed between state and society. The latter describes a different cause than that which started the discussion in Europe and North America. During the 1980s, when the debates started in the region, there were no signs of change in the economic or class structure as it seemed to have happened in the First World. Instead, the decomposition of the socio-political matrix and traditional developmentalist state is more relevant to explain the emergence of NSMs in Latin America. Because of the latter, understanding these movements’ nature draws the attention to certain specificities of the societies in which they unfold, and how movements defy them.
Autonomist Movements in Latin America
Authors: Lopes de Souza Marcelo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In Latin America, probably more than in other continents, “autonomy” has been a key political term in the parlance of many activists and movements for the last two or three decades. Some of these movements have been explicitly identified as “autonomist.” Surely there are several common elements behind that heterogeneous landscape. This circumstance is not an accident, as different people at different places have reacted (even if in part differently reacted) to more or less general trends and processes, from the crisis of Marxism-Leninism to the rise of neo-liberalism to the reinvigoration/rediscovering of left-libertarian ideas and tactics such as self-management, horizontality, and decentralization. However, the socio-political landscape around “autonomism” is far less homogeneous than one could perhaps expect. What do the Latin American social movements understand under “autonomism”? Which parameters do they explicitly or implicitly use for defining “autonomy”? Are there any substantive political differences between these movements? Can we find internal discursive or practical contradictions? Where lie the potentialities, and where the limits of these movements? The aim of the chapter is to offer an exploratory answer to these questions.
Right-Wing Movements in Latin America
Authors: Payne Leigh A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The vast enterprise of studies on right-wing movements in Europe only rarely travels outside a few national boundaries. Latin America is excluded from comparative analysis of the phenomenon. The region’s distinctive political history, and particularly its authoritarian past, is assumed to have created right-wing movements that are irrelevant to contemporary social and political life. This chapter challenges such a view. It contends that the parochialism and poverty of existing analytical frameworks for studying right-wing movements—and not the distinctiveness or irrelevance of the region’s movements—have led to the exclusion of the region’s movements from comparative studies. Right-wing movements have recently emerged in the region with a profound impact on Latin American social and political life. Incorporating them contributes to building analytical frameworks capable of traveling across continents, thereby deepening understanding of this important global phenomenon. The chapter uses social movement approaches, specifically political opportunity structure, framing, tactics, and impact, to establish three typologies of right-wing movements in the region: counter-movements, uncivil movements, and neoliberal militarized movements. It then applies this analytical framework to applicable case studies: El Salvador’s anti-abortion counter-movement, Brazil’s anti-LGBT+ uncivil movement, and Colombia’s militarized neoliberal movement.
Revolutionary Movements and Guerrillas in Latin America
Authors: Oikonomakis Leonidas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the actors of the armed struggle option of Latin American social movements, la via armada. Starting from a discussion of the main theories of Revolution, revolutionary movements and social revolutions, it passes to the more modern concept of revolutions “with a small r” that is gaining prominence in the theory and practice of revolutionary movements in contemporary Latin America. Then, it moves on to present the social (class, gender) and educational background of the guerrilleras/guerrilleros, both leaders and grassroots, the main strategies that have been elaborated and followed by Latin American guerrillas, and how they have evolved in time through trial and error (from foquismo, to the prolonged people’s war, and the Chilean road to socialism). It also analyzes some particularly interesting and unlikely cases of Latin American revolutionaries: poets, priests, and military men. In addition it traces the sources of inspiration and resonance of revolutionary movements and the role of other Latin American states, especially Cuba, in their development. The chapter concludes by arguing that while it seems the age of Latin American Revolutions with a capital R is coming to an end, we may be entering an age of revolutions (with a small r, following John Holloway) in which Revolution has changed meaning, becoming more of a political process, and not so much of a political event.
Resource Mobilization and Political Process Theories in Latin America
Authors: Somma Nicolás M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Resource mobilization theory and political process theory emerged in the 1970s and 1980s in the United States. They quickly became among the most influential approaches for studying social movements. This chapter illustrates their usefulness and limitations for studying Latin American social movements. Specifically, I discuss the extent to which the core claims, scope conditions, and assumptions of resource mobilization and political process theories are adequate for different types of Latin American social movements. I suggest that scholars of Latin American movements have long noted the relevance of resources, strategies, organizations, and political contexts, although with variegated vocabularies. I also argue that these theories provide a powerful perspective for understanding Latin American social movements, and that due to the contextual differences between the United States and Latin America, the latter provides an interesting setting for expanding and refining them.
Religious Groups and Social Movements in Latin America
Authors: Mackin Robert Sean 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Religious organizations have been the crucibles of social movements from across the political spectrum in Latin America. What is more, scholars agree that the era of Roman Catholic hegemony in Latin America is over. The 1960s were a turning point. Among Roman Catholics, the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) inspired two different and seemingly opposed movements, liberation theology and the Catholic Charismatic Renewal (CCR). The former inspired counter-movements and formal rebukes from the Vatican while the latter eventually won formal recognition from Pope John Paul II. The CCR learned from and adapted to the rapid growth of Protestantism, especially Pentecostalism, in Latin America. While early accounts of Protestant growth emphasized conflict, scholars suggest that Latin America is experiencing the “Pentecostalization of religion” where emotion- and spirit-filled religious services are common in both Pentecostal and many Catholic parishes. What is more, Roman Catholic bishops and Pentecostal leaders have set aside theological differences to denounce so-called morality issues (birth control, abortion, marriage equality for LGBT individuals). Similarly, progressive Catholics and Protestants have formed coalitions to address social justice issues. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the ways the rise of Pentecostalism is affecting gender in families, churches, and the public sphere and suggests future directions in research, including field theory.
Shifting Geographies of Activism and the Spatial Logics of Latin American Social Movements
Authors: Davis Diane E. , Davey Taylor 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Social movements have played a central role in guiding political developments across Latin America for decades. Which particular groups have led the struggle, with what mobilization strategies and aims, and in which territorial spaces have shifted over time. In contrast to the period between the 1970s and 1990s, when cities hosted a preponderance of social movements clamoring for regime change in Latin America, by the 2000s mobilizations were as likely to emerge in rural as urban areas and to focus on regional livelihoods and conditions. Likewise, when democratization produced new political institutions for claim-making, movements began to use decentralized participatory processes to demand services, infrastructure, and public goods, participating in formal state politics more than challenging them. As movements focused less on regime change and more on everyday conditions, new forms of contestation emerged, with activists adopting spatial tactics to challenge or disrupt conditions and using these strategies as symbolic expressions of dissatisfaction as much as a means for demanding remedial action from the state. This chapter documents and accounts for historical changes in the geography and spatial tactics of Latin American social movements. Drawing on general trends across the region, it identifies new repertoires of mobilization, links them to changing social, political, and economic conditions, and assesses the significance of these shifts for both the theory and practice of social mobilization in contemporary Latin America.