bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in soil nutrient availabilities and foliar nutrient concentrations of trees between temperate monsoon karst and non‐karst forest ecosystems on Mount Ibuki in Japan
Authors: Kajino Hirofumi , Fukui Misaki , Fujimoto Yutaro , Fujii Rei , Yokobe Tomohiro , Tatsumi Chikae , Sugai Tetsuto , Okada Naoki , Nakamura Ryosuke 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPlants growing on karst soils, which are characterized by high pH (>7.5–8.0) and low phosphorus availability, often exhibit phosphorus deficiency. However, little is known about the soil nutrient availabilities and foliar nutrient concentrations of trees in karst ecosystems with lower soil pH (<7.0). In this study, we analyzed soil properties and nutrient concentrations of leaf litter from two secondary forests in the Asian monsoon temperate region of Japan, one on karst (limestone) soil and the other on non‐karst (sandstone) soil. We also compared the live leaf nutrient concentrations of four dominant tree species (Carpinus tschonoskii, Cornus macrophylla, Neolitsea sericea, and Quercus variabilis) found in both sites. The karst soil had a higher pH (6.5) than the non‐karst soil (5.6), as well as higher phosphorus concentrations and calcium availability, but lower potassium availability. The phosphorus concentrations measured using Truog ([NH4]2SO4) and Olsen (NaHCO3) extraction methods were both higher in the karst soil. The availabilities of ammonium and nitrate in the soil did not differ significantly between the sites. The concentrations of calcium, potassium, and phosphorus in the live leaves and leaf litter reflected their availability in the soil, and the litter nitrogen concentration was higher in the karst forest. Overall, this karst soil with a relatively low pH (6.5) was rich in phosphorus but poor in potassium. Karst soil may provide a large quantity of phosphorus for trees at low pH. Future research should investigate the change in phosphorus availability of karst soils at different degrees of weathering.
Shock index as a predictor of postpartum haemorrhage after vaginal delivery: Secondary analysis of a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Madar Hugo , Deneux‐Tharaux Catherine , Sentilhes Loïc ,   the TRAAP Study Group
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the shock index (SI) distribution during the first 2 hours after delivery and to evaluate its performance when measured 15 and 30 minutes after delivery for predicting postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) occurrence in the general population of parturients after vaginal delivery.DesignSecondary analysis of a multicentre randomised controlled trial testing prophylactic administration of tranexamic acid versus placebo in addition to prophylactic oxytocin to prevent PPH.Setting15 French maternity units in 2015–2016.Sample3891 women with a singleton live fetus ≥35 weeks, born vaginally.MethodsFor each PPH‐related predicted outcome, we calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) values of the SI at 15 and 30 minutes after delivery and its predictive performance for SI cut‐off values of 0.7, 0.9 and 1.1.Main outcome measuresQuantitative blood loss ≥1000 ml (QBL ≥1000 ml) measured in a graduated collector bag and provider‐assessed clinically significant PPH (cPPH).ResultsPrevalence of QBL ≥1000 ml and cPPH was respectively 2.7% (104/3839) and 9.1% (354/3891). The distributions of the SI at 15 and 30 minutes after delivery were similar with a median value of 0.73 and 97th percentile of 1.11 for both. The AUROC values of the 15‐minute SI for discriminating QBL ≥1000 ml and cPPH were respectively 0.66 (lower limit of the 95% confidence interval [LCI] 0.60) and 0.56 (LCI 0.52); and for the 30‐minute SI 0.68 (LCI 0.61) and 0.49 (LCI 0.43).ConclusionsThe shock index at 15 and 30 minutes after delivery did not satisfactorily predict either QBL ≥1000 ml or clinical PPH.
Participation in a Medicare advanced primary care model and the delivery of high‐value services
Authors: He Fang , Gasdaska Angela , White Lindsay , Tang Yan , Beadles Chris 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether primary care providers' participation in the Comprehensive Primary Care Plus Initiative (CPC+) was associated with changes in their delivery of high‐value services.Data SourcesMedicare Physician & Other Practitioners public use files from 2013 to 2019, 2017 to 2019 Medicare Part B claims for a 5% random sample of Medicare Fee‐for‐Service (FFS) beneficiaries, the Area Health Resources File, the National Plan & Provider Enumeration System files, and public use datasets from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Physician Compare.Study DesignWe used a difference‐in‐difference approach with a propensity score‐matched comparison group to estimate the association of CPC+ participation with the delivery of annual wellness visits (AWVs), advance care planning (ACP), flu shots, counseling to prevent tobacco use, and depression screening. These services are prominent examples of high‐value services, providing benefits to patients at a reasonable cost. We examined both the likelihood of delivering these services within a year and the count of services delivered per 1000 Medicare FFS beneficiaries per year.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsSecondary data are linked at the provider level.Principal FindingsWe find that CPC+ participation was associated with increases in the likelihood of delivering AWVs (13.03 percentage points by CPC+'s third year, p < 0.001) and the number of AWVs per 1000 Medicare FFS beneficiaries (44 more AWVs by CPC+'s third year, p < 0.001). We also find that CPC+ participation was associated with more flu shots per 1000 beneficiaries (52 more shots by CPC+'s third year, p < 0.001) but not with the likelihood of delivering flu shots. We did not find consistent evidence for the association between CPC+ participation and ACP services, counseling to prevent tobacco use, or depression screening.ConclusionsCPC+ participation was associated with increases in the delivery of AWVs and flu shots, but not other high‐value services.
The Effect of Client Industry Agglomerations on Auditor Industry Specialization
Authors: KNECHEL W. ROBERT , WILLIAMS DEVIN 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTPrior research on auditor industry specialization documents fee premiums for local audit offices that are industry specialists. This research assumes that the effects of specialization are uniform across markets. We examine industry specialization based on the economic theory of industry agglomeration (geographic areas with high industry concentration). Agglomeration economies can facilitate access to knowledge for auditors serving a specific industry in those locations. We find that industry specialists in agglomerations earn a fee premium in excess of specialists in other markets. We find that nonspecialist offices in agglomerations also earn fee premiums in that industry when compared to nonspecialists in other markets even when controlling for these groups’ absolute share of the national market. We also address whether or not this expertise can be shared among offices in an agglomeration specialist's firm. We find that audit offices that have easy connections to a within‐firm office in an agglomerated market can earn a fee premium relative to more distant offices, suggesting a benefit from knowledge transfer. This fee premium accrues to offices that would not be considered a specialist using traditional market share measures in a given industry. These findings indicate that the benefit of industry specialization depends on more than local market share.
Integrating subvolume dose and myocardial perfusion imaging parameters to assess the impact of radiation therapy on heart function in breast cancer patients: A comparative analysis between left‐ and right‐sided breast cancer
Authors: Wang Shan‐Ying , Tsai Wei‐Ta , Lin Kuan‐Heng , Yu Chih‐Wei , Yang Shu‐Ya , Shueng Pei‐Wei , Wu Yen‐Wen , Hsu Chen‐Xiong , Wu Tung‐Hsin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to utilize an innovative method of integrating the 20 subvolume dose of left ventricle and the Tl‐201 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) parameters in patients with left‐ and right‐sided breast cancer after radiation therapy.MethodsFemale patients with breast cancer underwent SPECT MPI before commencing radiotherapy and 12 months later were enrolled from January 2014 to December 2018. The images of CT simulation and SPECT MPI were integrated into the treatment planning system. The differences of doses and parameters of MPI in all cardiac subvolumes between left‐ and right‐sided breast cancer patients were analyzed.ResultsPatients with left‐sided breast cancer (n = 61) received a higher radiation dose to the heart, left ventricular, and its territories and subvolumes, compared to patients with right‐sided breast cancer (n = 19). The 20‐segment analysis also showed statistically significant disparities in the average radiation doses received by the two groups. In different coronary artery territories, the end‐diastolic perfusion and end‐systolic perfusion showed a decrease in both sides, with no significant differences. However, the wall motion and wall thickening showed a significant decline in subregions within the left‐ and right‐sided coronary artery territories.ConclusionThis study demonstrates an innovative integrated method combining the left ventricular 20 regional doses with SPECT MPI which shows that left‐sided breast cancer patients receive a higher subvolume dose than right‐sided breast cancer patients. Further research is needed to confirm the potential impact on heart function after radiotherapy on both sides.
Epidemic within a pandemic: Alcohol‐associated hepatitis and COVID‐19
Authors: Marlowe Natalie , Lam David , Liangpunsakul Suthat 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere was an increase in alcoholic beverage sales during the peak of the COVID pandemic in the United States. However, little is known about the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among hospitalized alcohol‐associated hepatitis (AH) patients.MethodsWe analyzed the available National Inpatient Data (NIS) data from 2020 to determine mortality and healthcare utilization among hospitalized AH patients with and without COVID‐19 in the United States.ResultsWe observed a ~15.6% increase in cases of hospitalized AH patients from 136,620 in 2019 to 157,885 in 2020, a significant increase from an average of 5.5% per annum despite an 8.7% decline in US hospital admissions over the same time span. Men younger than 40 were the fastest growing AH group, with a 23% increase in 2020. Approximately 1.8% of hospitalized AH patients had a SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, which significantly worsened the mortality among patients with AH (11.4% vs. 4.1%, p < 0.0001). This was especially true among older AH patients with concomitant conditions such as clinically apparent cirrhosis, acute renal failure, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and sepsis. AH patients with COVID‐19 also had a longer length of stay (8.6 vs. 6.1 days, p < 0.0001) and higher hospital charges during the stay ($93,670 vs. $66,283, p < 0.0001) than those without COVID‐19.ConclusionOur study highlights the rise in AH cases during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Screening and appropriate management of excessive alcohol use and preventive measures such as COVID‐19 vaccination should be considered to reduce morbidity and mortality among patients with AH.
9/11, the power elite, and the U.S. think tanks that plan the future
Authors: McGinnis Ray 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFour think tanks with close ties to the highest levels of government have shaped American foreign policy for decades. They are the Council on Foreign Relations, the RAND Corporation, the Bilderberg Group, and the Trilateral Commission. With direct ties to government officials who have engaged in various covert operations, these organizations provide a space within which advocates of global control can share ideas and develop new policies. Among the groups that have bravely questioned the consensus‐forming character of these think tanks are groups of people whose relatives died on 9/11. Because of their investigations into the government officials whose careers have blossomed as a result of 9/11, these ordinary citizens have become sharp critics of the expansionist ideology that was seemingly legitimized by 9/11.
Do Cost Behaviors Affect Cost of Equity: Evidence from Seasoned Equity Offering?
Authors: Xiao He 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of firms' cost behavior on their seasoned equity offering (SEO) performance. The empirical findings show that cost‐stickier SEO firms experience more negative SEO cumulative abnormal returns (CARs). The economic mechanism of this association is that cost‐stickier SEO firms deal with higher information asymmetry and issue fewer debts, which reduce their SEO CARs. SEO firm cost behavior also affects corporate SEO decisions and announcement returns in different life cycles. Among the three economic mechanisms, the information asymmetry channel has been found as the dominant one. This study also indicates that cost‐stickier firms are less likely to conduct SEOs than their counterparts. In contrast, the motivation for Chinese SEO issuance for cost‐stickier firms is market timing rather than adjusting the capital structure or financing for investment and growth. Additionally, the negative impact of cost stickiness on corporate SEO returns is less pronounced for firms associated with industry‐specialized auditors and greater corporate governance capacity but more substantial for SEO firms with higher free cash flow. All main findings are consistent in a number of endogenous tests, including the two‐stage least squares test, the generalized method of moments estimation, and the control of alternative fixed effects. These conclusions also passed several robustness tests such as an alternative factor model and event windows and an alternative proxy of cost stickiness.
Peer support by and for people with learning disabilities
Authors: Ali Shalim , Allum Peter , Vassell Santino , Levitan Tony 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe emphasis of mental health services has changed to become more recovery focussed and is increasingly looking towards new roles such as peer support as a part of service provision (NHSE, 2019). However, services for people with learning disabilities and mental health difficulties have lagged behind with people with lived experience mainly involved in research and consultation to services rather than delivering interventions.MethodsThis article is based on four workshops held as part of a patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) consultation on a research study being developed to promote access to recovery colleges for people with learning disabilities. The workshops included three peer supporters with learning disabilities. In the article we describe our groups experiences and views on mental health, recovery and peer support.FindingsOur group discussed our views on mental health, what recovery means and the impact of peer support on us. We also discussed the skills people need to do peer support and the support they need from others to do these roles well.ConclusionsWe thought that peer support for people with learning disabilities can challenge stigma and help people with difficult experiences such as low self esteem and loneliness. Staff supporting people with learning disabilities may benefit from more training to implement peer support. More research on the kinds of peer support that are on offer for people with learning disabilities is needed.
Creating a SNOMED CT reference set for common endocrine disorders based on routine clinic correspondence
Authors: Yap Shao Hao Alan , Philip Sam , Graveling Alex J. , Abraham Prakash , Downs Denise 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundRoutine clinical coding of clinical outcomes in outpatient consultations still lags behind the coding of episodes of inpatient care. Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) offers an opportunity for standardised coding of key clinical information. Identifying the most commonly required SNOMED terms and grouping these into a reference set will aid future adoption in routine clinical care.ObjectiveTo create a common endocrinology reference set to standardise the coding for outcomes of outpatient endocrine consultations, using a semi‐automated extraction of information from existing clinical correspondence.MethodsRetrospective review of data from an adult tertiary outpatient endocrine clinic between 2018 and 2019. A total of 1870 patients from postcodes within two regional areas of NHS Grampian (Aberdeen City and Aberdeenshire) attended the clinic. Following consultation, an automated script extracted each problem statement which was manually coded using the ‘disorder’ concepts from SNOMED CT (UK edition).ResultsThe review identified 298 relevant endocrine diagnoses, 99 findings and 142 procedures. There were a total of 88 (29.5%) commonly seen endocrine conditions (e.g., Graves' disease, anterior hypopituitarism and Addison's disease) and 210 (70.5%) less commonly seen endocrine conditions. Subsequently, consultant endocrinologists completed a survey regarding the common endocrine conditions; 28 conditions have 100% agreement, 25 have 90%–99% agreement, 31 have 50%–89% agreement and 4 have less than 59% agreement (which were excluded).ConclusionAutomated text parsing of structured endocrine correspondence allowed the creation of a SNOMED CT reference set for common endocrine disorders. This will facilitate funding and planning of service provision in endocrinology by allowing more accurate characterisation of the patient cohorts needing specialist endocrine care.
What children exposed to domestic violence value when meeting social workers: A practice‐oriented systematic research review
Authors: Vikander Martina , Källström Åsa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChildren exposed to domestic violence (DV) face a heightened risk of many types of short‐ and long‐term problems. Social workers can limit these risks if the support and help they offer is perceived as valuable by the child. The aims of this review were to identify what children exposed to DV value when meeting social workers, to suggest how this knowledge can be used in practice by professionals dedicated to working with these children and to identify and suggest key areas of focus for future research. A synthesis of 18 studies reveals that, in meetings with social workers, children exposed to DV value (1) basic requirements, (2) inclusion, (3) acknowledgement and (4) enjoyment. This review offers a smorgasbord of opportunities for practitioners to meet the wishes and needs of these children. However, comparative research is needed to facilitate adaptation and to distinguish between elements valued by children that are core prerequisites for helping them disclose their experiences and/or aiding their recovery and elements that are less crucial but still valued.
Marginal bone level change of immediately restored implants with simultaneous guided bone regeneration: A systematic review
Authors: Lin Xinyan , Yu Xinbo , Wang Feng , Wu Yiqun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo assess marginal bone level change (MBLc), clinical outcomes for soft tissue, and survival rates for immediately restored implants with simultaneous guided bone regeneration (GBR).Materials and MethodsElectronic and manual searches were conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL for studies that investigated immediately restored implants in simultaneously grafted sites with a mean follow‐up of over 12 months. MBLc was the primary outcome. Soft tissue clinical parameters and implant survival rate (ISR) were the secondary outcomes.ResultsTwenty‐five studies (5 randomized controlled trials, 6 prospective studies, 2 retrospective studies, and 12 case series) were included, from which 692 immediately restored implants were analyzed. For studies that investigated bone grafts in the gap between the implant and the peripheral bone wall, the weighted mean MBLc was −0.73 ± 1.52 mm (range: −1.50 to 0.26 mm) for 475 implants. Pink esthetic score (PES) was improved in eight studies and the weighted cumulative ISR was 98.99% (Median: 100%) in 622 implants. Mean MBLc was −1.19 ± 0.26 mm for 30 implants in studies that reported gap with dehiscence and/or fenestration augmentation. Weighted cumulative ISR was 97.25% in 70 implants. A meta‐analysis was not possible due to the lack of studies with an eligible control group. Therefore, the data should be interpreted with caution.ConclusionLess marginal bone loss and more predictable soft tissue parameters can be achieved for immediately restored implants with simultaneous peri‐implant gap filling compared with gap with dehiscence/fenestration grafting. Increased ISR for implants with gap filling was observed. However, more evidence is needed to confirm whether immediate provisional prostheses should be utilized when bone defects are simultaneously augmented around the implants.
Return to intended oncologic therapy after colectomy for stage III colon adenocarcinoma: Does surgical approach matter?
Authors: Pointer David T. , Felder Seth I. , Powers Benjamin D. , Dessureault Sophie , Sanchez Julian A. , Imanirad Iman , Sahin Ibrahim , Xie Hao , Naffouje Samer A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimReturn to intended oncologic treatment (RIOT) is an important paradigm for surgically resected cancers requiring multimodal treatment. Benefits of minimally invasive colectomy (MIC) may allow earlier initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) and have associated survival benefits. We sought to determine if operative approach affects RIOT timing in resected stage III colon cancer.MethodsNCDB identified pathological stage III colon adenocarcinoma patients who underwent resection and received ACT. Propensity score matching and kernel density estimation compared operative approaches and conversion impact on intervals to RIOT.ResultsA total of 15,132 open colectomies (OC) versus 14,107 MIC were included. MIC patients had two‐days shorter median length of stay (LOS) (4 vs. 6 days; p < 0.001), one‐week shorter median time to RIOT (6 vs. 7 weeks; p = 0.015) comparing 12,867 matched pairs. There was no difference in time interval to RIOT between the LC versus RC, converted MIC vs. OC groups. MIC was a favourable predictor of earlier RIOT (HR 1.14 [1.07–1.22]; p < 0.001).ConclusionMIC in stage III colon cancer is associated with a shorter time to RIOT when compared to OC. Since timely initiation of ACT may influence cancer outcome, MIC may be oncologically preferable. Prospective studies are needed to assess RIOT and survival outcomes in stage III colon cancer.
The Puzzle of Evaluating Moral Cognition in Artificial Agents
Authors: Reinecke Madeline G. , Mao Yiran , Kunesch Markus , Duéñez‐Guzmán Edgar A. , Haas Julia , Leibo Joel Z. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn developing artificial intelligence (AI), researchers often benchmark against human performance as a measure of progress. Is this kind of comparison possible for moral cognition? Given that human moral judgment often hinges on intangible properties like “intention” which may have no natural analog in artificial agents, it may prove difficult to design a “like‐for‐like” comparison between the moral behavior of artificial and human agents. What would a measure of moral behavior for both humans and AI look like? We unravel the complexity of this question by discussing examples within reinforcement learning and generative AI, and we examine how the puzzle of evaluating artificial agents' moral cognition remains open for further investigation within cognitive science.