bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventional therapy for descending necrotizing mediastinitis caused by oral and maxillofacial infection
Authors: Zhou Gang , Li Xiaobing , Qi Yu , Li Xiangnan , Xie Weihong , Wang Haibin , Yin Meipan , Ma Yaozhen , Wu Gang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Necrotizing mediastinitis is a life-threatening condition resulting from spread of oral and maxillofacial infections into the mediastinum. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of interventional therapy of descending necrotizing mediastinitis.Methods The data of 44 patients with descending necrotizing mediastinitis treated by fluoroscopy-guided placement of mediastinal abscess drainage tube at our hospital from September 2011 to September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Diagnosis was based on clinical manifestations, esophagography, and plain and enhanced computed tomography of neck and chest.Result The mediastinal drainage tube was successfully placed in all patients. A total of 66 drainage tubes were placed (47 percutaneously and 19 via the nose). The technical success rate was 100%. One patient died of intracranial infection 15 days after interventional therapy. The abscess cavity healed completely in the other 43 patients. The mean time to removal of the drainage tube was 41.5 ± 26.0 (19–105) days. The clinical success rate was 97.8%.Conclusion Interventional therapy appears to be a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment for descending necrotizing mediastinitis caused by spread of oral and maxillofacial infection.
Inferring causal relationships between metabolites and polycystic ovary syndrome using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies
Authors: Meng Xiang-He , Liu Xiao-Wen , Zhang Jing-Xi , Xie Shun , Liu Lv-Jun , Wen Li-Feng , Deng Ai-Min , Mao Zeng-Hui 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology. Previous studies have suggested that metabolites may play a pivotal mediating role in the progression of phenotypic variations. Although several metabolites had been identified as potential markers for PCOS, the relationship between blood metabolites and PCOS was not comprehensively explored. Previously, Pickrell et al. designed a robust approach to infer evidence of a causal relationship between different phenotypes using independently putative causal SNPs. Our previous paper extended this approach to make it more suitable for cases where only a few independently putative causal SNPs were identified to be significantly associated with the phenotypes (i.e., metabolites). When the most significant SNPs in each independent locus (the independent lead SNPs) with p-values of < 1 × 10−5 were used, 3 metabolites (2-tetradecenoyl carnitine, threitol, 1-docosahexaenoylglycerophosphocholine) causally influencing PCOS and 2 metabolites (asparagine, and phenyllactate) influenced by PCOS were identified, (relative likelihood r < 0.01). Under a less stringent threshold of r < 0.05, 7 metabolites (trans-4-hydroxyproline, glutaroyl carnitine, stachydrine, undecanoate, 7-Hoca, N-acetylalanine and 2-hydroxyisobutyrate) were identified. Taken together, this study can provide novel insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PCOS; whether these metabolites can serve as biomarkers to predict PCOS in clinical practice warrants further investigations.
Attitudes of Syrian Medical Students Regarding Robotic Surgery: Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Swed Sarya , Bohsas Haidara , Alibrahim Hidar , Rakab Amine , Hassan Noheir A.I. , Nasif Mohamed Nour , Cheema Huzaifa Ahmad , Sawaf Bisher , Elsayed Mohamed , Rehman Mohammad Ebad Ur , Shoib Sheikh , Hafez Wael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background The purpose of this research was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of Syrian Arab republic medical students concerning robotic surgery.Methods An online cross-sectional study was conducted in Syria from 5 April to 17 may, 2022. The research included undergraduate medical students from government and private Syrian universities. The questionnaire was taken from a previous study and then modified to suit Syrian students, which was used to assess attitudes about robotic surgery.Results 862 medical students from governmental (92.2%) and private (7.8%) medical colleges filled out the online survey. 40.8% were interested in surgery specialties and, nearly half (46.3%) considered themselves as no tech-savvy persons. However, just 22.6% had prior robotic surgical knowledge, where the largest source of knowledge was the internet. A majority of the students (57.3%) had a favorable attitude toward robotic surgery, and 59.1% of them believed that the use of robots will lead to improvements in the results of surgical procedures. 40% of the participants considered that Syrian patients would not accept it. Furthermore, 40% were worried that robots could take the place of surgeons in the future, and (50.6%) believe this might make surgeons weak, hesitant, and less professional.Conclusion A large number of medical students in Syria have no experience with robotic surgery and know nothing about the procedures. Several recommendations should be made to improve clinical teaching using modern technology and robotic surgery, particularly for medical students interested in surgery.
On the polygonal wear evolution of locomotive wheels due to wheel/rail flexibility and its mitigation measures
Authors: Yang Yunfan , Chai Feifan , Liu Pengfei , Ling Liang , Wang Kaiyun , Zhai Wanming 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Wheel polygonal wear can immensely worsen wheel/rail interactions and vibration properties of the train and track, and ultimately, lead to the shortening of service life of railway components. At present, wheel/rail medium- or high-frequency frictional interactions are perceived as an essential reason of the high-order polygonal wear of railway wheels, which are potentially resulted by the flexible deformations of the train/track system or other external excitations. In this work, the effect of wheel/rail flexibility on polygonal wear evolution of locomotive wheels is explored with aid of the long-term wheel polygonal wear evolution simulations, in which different flexible modeling of the wheel/rail coupled system is implemented. Further, the mitigation measures for the polygonal wear of locomotive wheels are discussed. The results point out that the evolution of polygonal wear of locomotive wheels can be veritably simulated with consideration of the flexible effect of both wheelset and rails. Execution of mixed-line operation of locomotives and application of multi-cut wheel re-profiling can effectively reduce the development of wheel polygonal wear. This research can provide a deepgoing understanding of polygonal wear evolution mechanism of locomotive wheels and its mitigation measures.
Analysis of Furca Lesions in Molars by Cone Beam Computerized Tomography
Authors: SILVA SOUZA RAYLLA JENNIFER , VIEIRA FALABELLA MÁRCIO EDUARDO , JONAS PEREIRA JOSÉ 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Furcation lesions are characterized by bone resorption and attachment loss into the interradicular space. Accurate diagnosis of periodontal disease affecting the furcation area requires periodontal examination and imaging. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is capable of generating accurate and reliable submillimeter resolution images in all space dimensions and plays a role in the evaluation and treatment planning of molars with furcation (FL) damage. the objective of the research was to evaluate tomographic aspects of furcation lesions, measure attachment loss and rank the FL.
METHODOLOGY: retrospective observational cross-sectional study, CBCT scans were analyzed with a sample consisting of 560 teeth of patients of both sexes, aged between 30 and 70 years. Bone loss in height/width/depth of the interradicular area was analyzed, based on this measurement, it was classified into degrees I, II and III and its prevalence was evaluated according to its distribution by sex and age, and the most affected teeth.
RESULTS: FL grade II were the most observed in both upper and lower molars. The group of teeth most affected by FL were the upper molars, most frequently in females in group I (41-50 years), classified as grade II in buccal and distal furcations and grade I in mesial furcations. In lower molars, the highest frequency was FL grade II in females in groups 1 (30-40 years) and 2 (41-50 years) and, FL grade III in males in group III (51-70 years).
CONCLUSION: CBCT proved to be effective for the diagnosis of FL and may contribute to an accurate diagnosis and consequent better treatment plan.
Stretchable ionic-electronic bilayer hydrogel electronics enabled in situ detection of solid-state epidermal biomarkers
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Arwani Ruth , Goh Wei Peng , Yang Weifeng , Liu Yin , Leong Fong Yew , Tan Sherwin , Zheng Xin Ting , Yu Yong , Jiang Changyun , Sundarapandi Archana , Ang Yuan Ching , Teo Siew Lang , Su Xinyi , Li Hongying , Liu ZhuangJian , Chen Xiaodong , Yang Le 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Continuous and in situ detection of biomarkers in biofluids (e.g., sweat) can provide critical health data but is limited by biofluids accessibility. Here, we report a sensor design that enables in situ detection of solid-state biomarkers ubiquitously present on human skin. We deploy an ionic-electronic bilayer hydrogel to facilitate the sequential dissolution, diffusion and electrochemical reaction of solid-state analytes. We demonstrate continuous monitoring of water-soluble analytes (i.e., solid lactate) and water-insoluble analytes (i.e., solid cholesterol) with ultralow detection limits of 0.51 nmol cm-2 and 0.26 nmol cm-2, respectively. Additionally, the bilayer hydrogel electrochemical interface reduces motion artifacts by three times compared to conventional liquid-sensing electrochemical interfaces. In a clinical study, solid-state epidermal biomarkers measured by our stretchable wearable sensors showed a high correlation with biomarkers in human blood and dynamically correlated to physiological activities. These results present routes to universal platforms for biomarker monitoring without the need for biofluid acquisition.
An audit to assess and improve the quality of referrals received by Community Dental Services from General Dental Practitioners for the one-off treatments of patients under 18 years, with inhalation sedation and general anaesthesia, in Salford
Authors: Bharadia Tara , Gnanasekharan Lokanath 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
In Greater Manchester, 9 per 1000 children have dental treatment under sedation. Many of the referrals received are poor quality and therefore rejected - this results in patients having further pain, time off school and difficulty eating. The aim is to assess and improve the quality of dental referrals for patients under 18 years, received from general dental practitioners to Salford CDS.
Methods
50 referrals were assessed to calculate the frequency of each error as well as how many errors were recorded per referral. We ran our second cycle 6 months later.
Results
Cycle 1 had a 48% acceptance rate. Most referrals had 2 errors, and almost 2 in 5 IHS referrals are not being justified appropriately by the GDP or no diagnosis. We made changes (contacting our triaging hub, local GDPs and creating local triaging guidance) and ran our second cycle 6 months later which showed a 66% acceptance rate.
Conclusions
While the results of this audit are good, further quality improvement projects are needed to make sustainable changes. To get the best treatment for the patients, GDPs should be made aware of the limitations when they provide poor referrals, and the implications of this for the patient.
Ultrahigh dielectric permittivity and ferroelectric polarization in size-scaled Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin-film capacitors
Authors: Jiang Anquan , Zhang Wendi , Jiang Jun , Cheng Yan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The ever-shrinking electrostatic capacitor with its high dielectric permittivity and ferroelectric polarization can store large quantities of electrical charge and energy for compact electronics and electrical power systems, leading to applications including volatile/nonvolatile high-storage-density memories and energy-efficient complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices. Innovative use of CMOS-compatible HfO2-based materials with high permittivities of 27–52 and polarizations of 17–50 μC/cm2 could foster their integration into few-nanometre-scale devices. Here we report giant remanent polarization of 331 μC/cm2 for a 0.3-μm-sized Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin-film capacitor, combined with ultrahigh linear permittivity of ≥921, stored charge density of 295 μC/cm2 and energy density of 566 J/cm3 within a 4.4-μm-sized capacitor when the material’s ferroelectricity disappears suddenly after polarization fatigue, much better than relaxor ferroelectric thin films (133–152 J/cm3). The giant polarization originates from formation of high-density Zr-rich polar clusters near the edge region of the Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin-film capacitor after plasma treatment and remains unchanged at low temperatures. This enables high-density integration of extremely scaled logic and memory devices for low-voltage operation.
Evaluating the Seismic Behavior of RC Structures: A Comparative Study of Framed Tube and Shear Wall Systems for Varying Numbers of Stories
Authors: Sutar Sourabh , Patil Rahul D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Through a comparison of framed tube systems and shear wall systems for various story counts, this work evaluates the seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The goal is to use the ETABS software to evaluate how well these structural systems perform when subjected to seismic and wind loads. Analysis of storey displacements, a crucial performance metric for both lateral load resisting systems, is the study's main objective. To analyse structures, we use the Response Spectrum Method. The findings show that the framed tube structure outperforms the shear wall system in terms of seismic resistance, showing decreased displacements, greater drift ratios, increased base shear forces, and improved structural ductility. These results imply that framed tube structures can be used as workable substitutes for tall buildings situated in seismic regions. To avoid excessive deformation and failure, it is necessary to include enough stiffness and strength in the design phase. The study also highlights how crucial it is to look into how material properties, loading patterns, and interactions between the structure and the ground affect these systems' seismic stability. The findings of this study show the earthquake resistance and dependability of framed tube structures and have major implications for high-rise building design and construction in seismic regions.
Team experiences of the root cause analysis process after a sentinel event: a qualitative case study
Authors: Liepelt Silje , Sundal Hildegunn , Kirchhoff Ralf 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Root cause analysis (RCA) is a systematic approach, typically involving several stages, used in healthcare to identify the underlying causes of a medical error or sentinel event. This study focuses on how members of a Norwegian RCA team experience aspects of an RCA process and whether it complies with the Norwegian RCA method.
Method
Based on a sentinel event in which a child died unexpectedly during childbirth in a Norwegian hospital in 2021, the following research questions are addressed: 1. What was the RCA team’s experience of the RCA process? 2. Was there compliance with the Norwegian RCA method in this case? A case study was chosen out of the desire to understand complex social phenomena and to allow in-depth focus on a case.
Results
The result covered three main themes. The first theme related to the hospital’s management system and aspects of the case that made it challenging to follow all recommendations in the Norwegian RCA guidelines. The second theme encompassed external and internal assessment. The RCA team was composed of members with methodological and medical expertise. However, the police’s involvement in the case made it complex for the team to carry out the process. The third and final theme covered intrapersonal challenges RCA team members faced. Team members experienced various challenges during the RCA process, including being neutral, dealing with role-related challenges, grappling with ambivalence, and managing the additional time burden and resource constraints. As anticipated in the RCA guidelines, the team’s ability to remain neutral was tested.
Conclusion
The findings of this study can help stakeholders better comprehend how an inter-professional RCA teamwork intervention can affect a healthcare organization and enhance the teamwork experience of healthcare staff while facilitating improvements in work processes and patient safety. Additionally, these results can guide stakeholders in creating, executing, utilizing, and educating others about RCA processes.
Pregnancy and Plaque Brachytherapy Treatment of Uveal Melanoma：A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wu Hao-Tian , Liu Yue-Ming , Dong Li , Zhang Rui-Heng , Zhou Wen-Da , Li He-Yan , Wei Wen-Bin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
To examine whether pregnancy affects the prognosis of uveal melanoma (UM) patients undergoing plaque brachytherapy (PBT) and if PBT has any effect on the outcome of such pregnancy.
Methods
We conducted a single-center retrospective study at the Beijing Tongren Hospital on the population of women with childbearing age who were diagnosed with uveal melanoma and underwent iodine-125 plaque brachytherapy. The outcome of each pregnancy and the status of the fetus was followed-up. Survival analysis were performed using Kaplan-Meier method, with the metastasis and death as endpoints.
Results
13 patients with 13 full-term pregnancies and 96 non-pregnant women with matched age and tumor size were included. In pregnant group, two patients developed metastasis, one of which died shortly after delivery; local recurrence of UM occurred in 2 patients after or during delivery, and 2 other patients developed secondary glaucoma due to radiation retinopathy. None of the other pregnant patients reported any signs of disease progression. In the control group, 18 metastasis cases including 12 deaths were documented. Pregnant patients and matched control subjects showed no statistical difference in both Metastasis-free survival (hazard ratio (HR): 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15–2.86; P = 0.576) and overall survival (HR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.06–3.66; P = 0.464). All pregnant patients carried the pregnancy to term and delivered healthy babies with no report of placental or infant metastases to date.
Conclusion
Pregnancy exerted no adverse effects on the prognosis of UM patients who receive PBT. While PBT had no significant effect on maternal fertility, and did not show teratogenic effect on the fetus so far, long-term effects require further follow-up studies.
A Pan-Cancer Analysis Reveals OAS2 as a Biomarker for Cancer Prognosis and Immunotherapy
Authors: Jia Huizhen , Liu Xiaojuan , Wang Zhifu , Zhang Wei , Chen Xiaofan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground:Although immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitor has emerged as a remarkably effective treatment modality, it benefits only a small proportion of patients. Oligoadenylate Synthetase 2 (OAS2) has been implicated in various cancers, while the relationship between OAS2 expression, immune cell infiltration, and patient prognosis in pan-cancer remains unclear.Methods:We conducted an analysis of OAS2 in pan-cancers using databases such as TCGA, GTEx, UALCAN, cBioPortal, TIMER2.0, TIDE, and GDSC2.Results:OAS2 exhibited different expression patterns between cancer and adjacent normal tissues, with significant impacts on the prognosis of various cancers. High OAS2 expression correlated with poor overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in low-grade glioma (LGG), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), and testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). Conversely, upregulated OAS2 expression was associated with favorable OS and disease-free survival (DFS) in ovarian cancer (OV) and skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM). OAS2 expression was positively associated with B cell, CD4+ T cell, and CD8+ T cell infiltration in most cancers, except for LGG. Notably, in SKCM, OAS2 expression positively correlated with activated natural killer (NK) cell infiltration and inversely correlated with resting NK cell infiltration. Co-expression analyses indicated close associations between OAS2 and several common immune checkpoints. Higher OAS2 gene expression correlated with longer overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) under immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy in two clinical cohorts.Conclusion:OAS2 is a promising biomarker for evaluating cancer prognosis, particularly in SKCM. Its association with immune factors and modulation of immune cell infiltration suggest its predictive potential for ICB immunotherapy.
Long-lasting household damage from Cyclone Idai increases malaria risk in rural western Mozambique
Authors: Searle Kelly M. , Earland Dominique E. , Francisco Albino , Novela Anisio , Muhiro Vali , Ferrão João 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Cyclone Idai in 2019 was one of the worst tropical cyclones recorded in the Southern Hemisphere. The storm caused catastrophic damage and led to a humanitarian crisis in Mozambique. The affected population suffered a cholera epidemic on top of housing and infrastructure damage and loss of life. The housing and infrastructure damage sustained during Cyclone Idai still has not been addressed in all affected communities. This is of grave concern because storm damage results in poor housing conditions which are known to increase the risk of malaria. Mozambique has the 4th highest malaria prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa and is struggling to control malaria in most of the country. We conducted a community-based cross-sectional survey in Sussundenga Village, Manica Province, Mozambique in December 2019-February 2020. We found that most participants (64%) lived in households that sustained damage during Cyclone Idai. The overall malaria prevalence was 31% measured by rapid diagnostic test (RDT). When controlling for confounding variables, the odds of malaria infection was nearly 3-fold higher in participants who lived in households damaged by Cyclone Idai nearly a year after the storm. This highlights the need for long-term disaster response to improve the efficiency and success of malaria control efforts.