bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
W(h)ither?
Authors: Schobert Harold 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
No technical barriers limit today’s commercial uses of coals. The future use of coal in current applications faces many issues, economic, environmental, and societal. Mining costs are increasing. Less coal is required to produce a given amount of electricity or steel. Natural gas is capturing much of the market share lost by coal. Costs of wind and solar are steadily dropping. Less energy of all kinds is required to achieve a given level of economic growth. Economic strategies for carbon capture and storage are badly needed. The burgeoning world population, combined with recognition that there is no “one size fits all” energy strategy for every country, suggest that we will eventually have to mobilize all forms of energy to satisfy everyone’s needs. The potential of chemical products and carbon materials from coal adds more to the argument that we should not burn coal—we can use it more wisely in other applications.
Policing Firearms Trafficking, Theft, and Illegal Diversion
Authors: Braga Anthony A. , Cook Philip J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Most guns used in crime are not obtained by purchase from a licensed dealer but, rather, through informal transactions in underground markets supplied by guns diverted from legal commerce. Many major cities have units and specific police personnel investigating and curtailing criminal access to guns. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives works with state and local law enforcement agencies to interdict trafficking, straw purchases, and illicit manufacture. These efforts attempt to reduce gun violence by disrupting the illegal supply of guns to criminals. Supply-side interventions seek to further limit illegal transactions, and they enhance the incentive for prohibited persons to economize on gun possession and use. Unfortunately, few police departments are much invested in disrupting supply. Local police departments should take a problem-oriented approach to understand how criminals access guns in their jurisdictions and collaborate with federal and state law enforcement partners to implement interventions to shut down specific gun trafficking pathways.
Neutrino mass square ratio and neutrinoless double-beta decay in random neutrino mass matrices
Authors: Haba Naoyuki , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Yamada Toshifumi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe study neutrino mass anarchy in the Dirac neutrino, seesaw, and double-seesaw models. Assuming the anarchy hypothesis, the mass matrices are random and distributed in accordance with the Gaussian measure. We focus on the distributions of the mass square ratio of the light neutrinos and examine which of these models shows a peak in the probability distribution around the experimental value. We show that the peak position depends on the number of random matrix products. We find that the light neutrino mass hierarchy becomes larger as the number of random matrix products is increased and the seesaw model with the random Dirac and Majorana mass matrices is the most likely to realize the current experimental data. We also investigate the distributions of the effective Majorana mass for neutrinoless double-beta decay. We find that the effective Majorana mass is smaller than the experimental upper bound and tends to be smaller as the number of random matrix products increases because the light neutrino masses become more hierarchical. We argue that the tendency for lighter neutrino masses to become more hierarchical as the number of products in the random matrix increases can be understood from the probability distribution of singular values in random matrix theory.
Rehabilitation Therapy Allocation and Changes in Physical Function Among Patients Hospitalized Due to COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Rauzi Michelle R , Ridgeway Kyle J , Wilson Melissa P , Jolley Sarah E , Nordon-Craft Amy , Stevens-Lapsley Jennifer E , Erlandson Kristine M 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveLimited staffing and initial transmission concerns have limited rehabilitation services during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this analysis was to determine the associations between Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) mobility categories and allocation of rehabilitation, and in-hospital AM-PAC score change and receipt of rehabilitation services for patients with COVID-19.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of electronic health record data from 1 urban hospital, including adults with a COVID-19 diagnosis, admitted August 2020 to April 2021. Patients were stratified by level of medical care (intensive care unit [ICU] and floor). Therapy allocation (referral for rehabilitation, receipt of rehabilitation, and visit frequency) was the primary outcome; change in AM-PAC score was secondary. AM-PAC Basic Mobility categories (None [21–24], Minimum [18–21], Moderate [10–17], and Maximum [6–9]) were the main predictor variable. Primary analysis included logistic and linear regression, adjusted for covariates.ResultsA total of 1397 patients (ICU: n = 360; floor: n = 1037) were included. AM-PAC mobility category was associated with therapy allocation outcomes for floor but not patients in the ICU: the Moderate category had greater adjusted odds of referral (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 10.88; 95% CI = 5.71–21.91), receipt of at least 1 visit (aOR = 3.45; 95% CI = 1.51–8.55), and visit frequency (percentage mean difference) (aOR = 42.14; 95% CI = 12.45–79.67). The secondary outcome of AM-PAC score improvement was highest for patients in the ICU who were given at least 1 rehabilitation therapy visit (aOR = 5.31; 95% CI = 1.90–15.52).ConclusionAM-PAC mobility categories were associated with rehabilitation allocation outcomes for floor patients. AM-PAC score improvement was highest among patients requiring ICU-level care with at least 1 rehabilitation therapy visit.ImpactUse of AM-PAC Basic Mobility categories may help improve decisions for rehabilitation therapy allocation among patients who do not require critical care, particularly during times of limited resources.
Self-completed online contact tracing for COVID-19 is associated with reporting fewer contacts: an observational study
Authors: Senior Steven L 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Contact tracing was central to England’s approach to controlling coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). England’s COVID-19 contact tracing system included a step where cases were invited to provide information through an online ‘self-service’ portal. It is important to understand whether this had any effect on the numbers of contacts reported.

Methods
This study analyses contact tracing data for one local authority in England for 2021. Univariable negative binomial and logistic regression models were used to test for associations between contact tracing tier and average numbers of contacts reported, and key demographic factors and date of reporting. The association between contact tracing tier and number of contacts reported adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, deprivation and the date on which the case was reported was estimated using a multivariable negative binomial generalized additive regression model with smooth terms for date of reporting and age.

Results
Controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, deprivation and date of reporting, self-completed contact tracing was associated with reporting 23% fewer contacts (95% confidence interval 20–25% fewer contacts).

Conclusion
The use of online self-completed contact tracing may contribute to under-reporting of close contacts. Unmeasured confounding is likely so caution is needed in assuming that the results reflect a causal relationship.
The impact of COVID-19 on mathematical entry competencies: 1 year on
Authors: Hodds Mark 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the way we learn, teach and support students in many different ways. In particular, the impact of the pandemic on the mathematical capabilities of students arriving at university is now starting to be seen and reported. Students arriving at UK universities in 2021, and having completed their A levels in 2021, had received disruption to almost all of their A level learning and it seemed likely that this might cause them to find the transition into higher education more difficult. Despite the disruption, the number of students achieving the top A level grade has more than doubled since 2019. In this paper, the data from a diagnostic test that has remained the same for the past 30 years are considered to measure the mathematical preparedness of students starting their courses at one UK university in September 2021, updating the work of Hodds (2021). Furthermore, an ordinal logistic regression model predicting A level grade based on test performance and other factors is developed to help determine if grades were perhaps inflated as suggested. The results show that students entering in 2021 are significantly less prepared for the mathematics on their courses than their colleagues who entered in 2020 and pre-pandemic. The regression model predicts a higher probability of being awarded an A*/A for students with A levels awarded in the pandemic, despite far lower scores on the diagnostic test, and in particular in 2021 when A levels were awarded through teacher assessment of the topics covered and not necessarily the whole A level syllabus.
High-Sensitivity ITS Real-Time PCR Assays for Detection of Ceratocystis lukuohia and Ceratocystis huliohia in Soil and Air Samples
Authors: Heller Wade P. , Harrington Thomas C. , Brill Eva , Keith Lisa M. 
Published: January 2023

Rapid Ohia Death (ROD) is caused by two pathogens, Ceratocystis lukuohia and Ceratocystis huliohia. The established species-specific real-time PCR assays targeting the single-copy cerato-platanin gene require DNA from between 2 and 16 spores per reaction for consistent detection, which is suitable for analysis of infected plant tissue but not sensitive enough to consistently detect low spore loads in environmental samples. Here, we present two redesigned qPCR assays targeting the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the multi-copy ribosomal DNA operon from the respective species, both capable of consistent detection of the pathogen at concentrations as low as 1 fg per reaction, less than the size of the haploid genome. Due to this increased sensitivity, these ITS qPCR assays are superior for analysis of DNA extracted from material collected in airborne particle samplers and from soil. Here, we demonstrate the utility of these qPCR assays for the characterization of windblown and soilborne dispersal of the pathogens, which is critical for the development of management practices that mitigate disease spread. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 “No Rights Reserved” license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2023.
How Does TIMELESS Training Impact Resident Motivation for Learning, Assessment, and Feedback? Evaluating a Competency-Based Time-Variable Training Pilot
Authors: Kinnear Benjamin , Santen Sally A. , Kelleher Matthew , Martini Abigail , Ferris Sarah , Edje Louito , Warm Eric J. , Schumacher Daniel J. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
As competency-based medical education has become the predominant graduate medical education training model, interest in time-variable training has grown. Despite multiple competency-based time-variable training (CBTVT) pilots ongoing in the United States, little is known about how this training approach impacts learners. The authors aim to explore how their CBTVT pilot program impacted resident motivation for learning, assessment, and feedback.

Method
The authors performed a qualitative educational case study on the Transitioning in Internal Medicine Education Leveraging Entrustment Scores Synthesis (TIMELESS) program at the University of Cincinnati from October 2020 through March 2022. Semistructured interviews were conducted with TIMELESS residents (n = 9) approximately every 6 months to capture experiences over time. The authors used inductive thematic analysis to develop themes and compared their findings with existing theories of learner motivation.

Results
The authors developed 2 themes: TIMELESS had variable effects on residents’ motivation for learning and TIMELESS increased resident engagement with and awareness of the program of assessment. Participants reported increased motivation to learn and seek assessment, though some felt a tension between performance (e.g., advancement through the residency program) and growth (e.g., improvement as a physician). Participants became more aware of the quality of assessments they received, in part due to TIMELESS increasing the perceived stakes of assessment, and reported being more deliberate when assessing other residents.

Conclusions
Resident motivation for learning, assessment, and feedback was impacted in ways that the authors contextualize using current theories of learner motivation (i.e., goal orientation theory and attribution theory). Future research should investigate how interventions, such as coaching, guided learner reflection, or various CBTVT implementation strategies, can help keep learners oriented toward mastery learning rather than toward performance.
Association Between Periviable Delivery and New Onset of or Exacerbation of Existing Mental Health Disorders
Authors: Bruno Ann M. , Horns Joshua J. , Allshouse Amanda A. , Metz Torri D. , Debbink Michelle L. , Smid Marcela C. 
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate whether there is an association between periviable delivery and new onset of or exacerbation of existing mental health disorders within 12 months postpartum.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of individuals with liveborn singleton neonates delivered at 22 or more weeks of gestation from 2008 to 2017 in the MarketScan Commercial Research Database. The exposure was periviable delivery, defined as delivery from 22 0/7 through 25 6/7 weeks of gestation. The primary outcome was a mental health morbidity composite of one or more of the following: emergency department encounter associated with depression, anxiety, psychosis, posttraumatic stress disorder, adjustment disorder, self-harm, or suicide; new psychotropic medication prescription; new behavioral therapy visit; and inpatient psychiatry admission in the 12 months postdelivery. Secondary outcomes included components of the primary composite. Those with and without periviable delivery were compared using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for clinically relevant covariates, with results reported as adjusted incident rate ratios (aIRRs). Effect modification by history of mental health diagnoses was assessed. Incidence of the primary outcome by 90-day intervals postdelivery was assessed.

RESULTS:
Of 2,300,244 included deliveries, 16,275 (0.7%) were periviable. Individuals with periviable delivery were more likely to have a chronic health condition, to have undergone cesarean delivery, and to have experienced severe maternal morbidity. Periviable delivery was associated with a modestly increased risk of the primary composite outcome, occurring in 13.8% of individuals with periviable delivery and 11.0% of individuals without periviable delivery (aIRR 1.18, 95% CI 1.12–1.24). The highest-risk period for the composite primary outcome was the first 90 days in those with periviable delivery compared with those without periviable delivery (51.6% vs 42.4%; incident rate ratio 1.56, 95% CI 1.47–1.66).

CONCLUSION:
Periviable delivery was associated with a modestly increased risk of mental health morbidity in the 12 months postpartum.
Correlation between serum uric acid and coronary collateral circulation in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion
Authors: Li Jing , Pei Haifeng , Ye Xianglin , Tian Jing , Yang Haixia , Liu Qing , Wang Xiong , Wang Peng 
Published: January 2023

Background and purpose:
Previous studies showed urate crystals in atherosclerotic plaques, suggesting that uric acid is involved in plaque formation, but whether it affects the formation of coronary collateral circulation (CCC) is unknown. This single-center retrospective study was conducted to investigate whether serum uric acid (SUA) level has an association with the CCC in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO).

Methods:
The final analysis included a total of 94 patients with CTO (defined as 100% stenosis in at least one of the left anterior descending artery, circumflex artery and right coronary artery with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction [TIMI] grade 0 of forward flow) for more than 3 months (66.03 ± 10.10 years of age; 54 men and 40 women). In the analysis, patients were divided into four groups of equal size based on the SUA level on admission (n = 32, 31, 31 for low, mid, and high SUA groups). Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to identify risk factors that were associated with poor CCC (as defined by Rentrop level ≤ 1).

Results:
The rate of poor CCC was 44.5% in the low SUA group, 54.8% in the mid-SUA group, and 77.4% in the high SUA group, respectively (P < 0.05 for all three pairwise comparisons). In multivariate regression analysis that treated SUA as a continuous variable, poorer CCC was associated with higher SUA (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.011, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.005–1.017, P < 0.05). In comparison to the patients with lowest SUA in the regression analysis that treated SUA as a categorical variable, there was a statistically non-significant trend for increased risk of poor CCC (OR 2.277, 95% CI: 0.753–6.884) in the patient with mid-level SUA. The risk of poor CCC was significantly elevated in the patients with high SUA (OR 6.243, 95% CI: 1.872–20.828).

Conclusions:
Elevated SUA level was associated with poor CCC in patients with CTO.
Chronic heart failure management in adult patients with congenital heart disease
Authors: Dhingra Nitish K. , Mazer C. David , Connelly Kim A. , Verma Subodh 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
A growing number of adult patients with congenital heart disease (ACHD) are entering the healthcare system as a result of advances in the diagnosis and management of congenital heart defects. Heart failure is a common final pathway for this diverse patient population, representing the leading cause of mortality in ACHD patients. Herein, we review present guideline-directed management of heart failure in ACHD patients.

Recent findings
There exists a dearth of data to guide management of ACHD-related heart failure. Given this gap, recent guidelines have been limited in the recommendations they can provide for this patient population, with practitioners being consequently forced to generalize findings from studies of acquired heart disease patients based on mechanistic plausibility. The small number of studies directly assessing ACHD patients have been largely limited in their clinical relevance through being negative, small, observational, limited to specific subsets of ACHD patients or assessing nonvalidated outcomes.

Summary
Despite the prevalence and impact of ACHD-related heart failure, there are limited evidence-based therapies for its management. Given the rising burden of this clinical problem, definitive trials assessing newer therapies are required to establish their potential role in heart failure amongst ACHD patients.
Describing The Location and Morphology of The Dots in White Dot Fovea Using Adaptive Optics
Authors: Salcedo-Ledesma; Gerardo Ledesma-Gil Alfredo , Spaide Richard F. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
To characterize the white dots in white dot fovea, an entity chiefly described in Japan, using adaptive optics (AO) imaging and propose a hypothesis regarding their origin.

Method:
The patient underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including color and green-monochromatic fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and AO imaging.

Results:
An asymptomatic 66-year-old Korean woman presented with bilateral white, glistening deposits in a ring pattern around the fovea of both eyes. The dots were highly reflective on green monochromatic images, were not visible on FA, and appeared hyperreflective in the inner retina using SD-OCT. AO showed polygonal granules ranging from 1-10 microns in size. The patient denied any systemic disorder or the use of any medications related to crystalline retinopathy. The patient had lived in Japan for 35 years prior to just moving to the United States.

Conclusion:
The location, small size, and polygonal shape of the dots in white dot fovea are suggestive of intraretinal deposition of crystals, and not cells on the surface of the fovea as has been previously proposed. Carotenoid deposition related to dietary habits is a plausible cause because of the similarity to other retinopathies associated to these compounds.
Fresh Versus Frozen Versus Lyophilized Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection
Authors: Gangwani Manesh Kumar , Aziz Muhammad , Aziz Abeer , Priyanka Fnu , Weissman Simcha , Phan Khiem , Dahiya Dushyant Singh , Ahmed Zohaib , Sohail Amir Humza , Lee-Smith Wade , Kamal Faisal , Javaid Toseef , Nawras Ali , Hart Benjamin 
Published: January 2023

Introduction:

Clostridium difficile Infection is a significant source of morbidity and mortality, which is on the rise. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) is an alternative therapy to antibiotics with a high success rate and low relapse rate. Current data regarding the efficacy of the types of FMT used, namely fresh, frozen, and lyophilized is conflicting. Our review attempts to consolidate this data and highlight the most efficacious treatment currently available.

Methodology:
MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SciELO, the Korean Citation Index, and Global Index Medicus were systematically searched from inception through May 3, 2022. Studies in which patients are undergoing any form of FMT who had failed antibiotic treatment previously were included. Both pairwise (direct) and network (direct + indirect) meta-analysis were performed using a random effects model and DerSimonian-Laird approach. A frequentist approach was used for network meta-analysis. Risk differences with (RD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.

Results:
A total of 8 studies, including 4 RCTs and 4 cohort studies, were included with a total of 616 patients. Fresh FMT was determined to be most successful with 93% efficacy 95% CI (0.913 to 0.999) followed by frozen with 88% efficacy 95% CI (0.857 to 0.947) and lyophilized with 83% efficacy 95% CI (0.745 to 0.910). The direct meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference between fresh and frozen group. (RD −0.051 95% CI −0.116 to 0.014 P=0.178). No significant differences were noted in frozen versus lyophilized groups with an overall trend towards Fresh FM (RD −0.061 95% CI −0.038 to 0.160 P=0.617). On network meta-analysis, when compared with fresh group, a lower recovery rate was noted with both frozen group (RD −0.06 95% CI −0.11 to 0.00 P=0.05) and lyophilized group (RD −0.16 95% CI −0.27 to −0.05 P=0.01).

Conclusion:
We conclude the efficacy of Frozen and Lyophilized preparations is high with no difference in direct comparison, and the relative efficacy reduction based on network analysis is outweighed by the safety, accessibility, and practicality of Frozen or Lyophilized preparations.