bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inverted Apprenticeship: How Senior Occupational Members Develop Practical Expertise and Preserve Their Position When New Technologies Arrive
Authors: Beane Matthew , Anthony Callen 
Published: August 2023

New technologies create a dilemma for senior members of occupations. Traditionally, practical expertise and position are considered correlates, yet when new technologies arrive, they may be knocked out of alignment. This means that senior members must develop new expertise lest their position be threatened. However, because position often signifies expertise, developing new practical expertise may be challenging. Indeed, senior members face strong pressures not to appear to nor actually devote time to comprehensive formal training as they are booked with complex problems using prior methods, they are responsible for the learning of junior members, and they have passed early career training windows. Through comparative ethnographic field studies of urological surgery and investment banking, we show that “inverted apprenticeships,” defined as configured struggle and restructured interactions with junior members that allow senior members to develop practical expertise with new technologies while maintaining their position, resolve this dilemma. We identify four pathways that senior experts took to structure these inverted apprenticeships, including seeking, stalling, leveraging, and confronting. We uncover the conditions of each pathway and trace their consequences. Although these pathways allowed senior members to enhance or preserve their position, they generated widely varying practical expertise with the new technology. Furthermore, the majority of these pathways undermined the learning of those most junior, who were supposed to be developing expertise through their interactions with seniors.Funding: This work was supported by the Strategic Management Society [Grant SRF-2015DP-0063] and the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada [Grant 752-2014-0378].
AUGMENTATION OF MENISCUS REPAIR USING AUTOGENOUS BLOOD CLOT
Authors: Myers Peter , Goldberg Michael , Davies Peter 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionAugmentation of meniscus repairs with fibrin clot may enhance the healing capacity. Pulling the clot into the tear with a suture ensures that it stays in position. This paper aims to assess the outcome of this technique.Methods52 patients over 4 years undergoing suture repair of a meniscus tear with blood clot augmentation were collected from a prospective database. Follow up included outcome scores and a questionnaire. Failure was defined as pain or further surgery secondary to meniscal pathology.ResultsThere were 32 males and 20 females, mean age of 35 (14–70). The medial meniscus was repaired in 32 knees and the lateral in 20. Complete radial tears were the most common type. Only 2% of tears were in the red-red zone. Follow-up ranged from 12 months to 7 years. Only 1 patient is known to have come to subsequent arthroscopy. Lysholm scores improved from 53.97 (SD 18.14) to 92.08 (SD 8.97), Oxford Knee Scores from 29.84 (SD 9.65) to 45.79 (SD 2.66), KOOS pain scores from 61.49 (SD 22.76) to 93.54 (SD 8.06) and Tegner scores from 4.56 (SD 3.35) to 6.05 (SD 2.41).ConclusionsPulling a fibrin blood clot into a meniscus tear with a suture ensures that the clot remains in place while the meniscus is repaired. Patients have shown excellent outcomes with 98% survivorship at 45 months. This is a reliable technique for augmenting meniscus repairs especially for tears which otherwise may not have been repaired.
Ransomware attacks in the context of generative artificial intelligence—an experimental study
Authors: Teichmann Fabian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRansomware attacks continue to be one of the biggest risks faced by both organizations and governments. In this experimental study, the author tested how criminals could use generative artificial intelligence (AI) for both the planning and implementation of ransomware attacks. It is found that criminals with very limited information technology (IT) knowledge may be enabled by chatbots using generative AI to carry out complex ransomware attacks. Furthermore, it is found that criminals with profound IT expertise but lacking other skills may be enabled by generative AI to draft more convincing phishing e‑mails. It is argued that the broad availability of generative AI could lead to an increase in both the number and the quality of ransomware attacks. Although previous studies have separately analyzed both ransomware attacks and generative AI, this article combines the two phenomena. The author uses criminological techniques and analyzes the potential use of AI from the perspective of a potential criminal. The risks identified in this article could serve as a foundation for further research in the fields of cybersecurity, IT law, and criminology.
High blood pressure prevalence, awareness, treatment, and blood pressure control among Ugandans with rheumatic and musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Kibone Winnie , Bongomin Felix , Okot Jerom , Nansubuga Angel Lisa , Tentena Lincoln Abraham , Nuwamanya Edbert Bagasha , Winyi Titus , Balirwa Whitney , Sarah Kiguli  , Baluku Joseph Baruch , Makhoba Anthony , Kaddumukasa Mark 
Published: August 2023

Background
Rheumatic and musculoskeletal disorders (RMDs) are associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), with hypertension being the most common. We aimed to determine the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP), awareness, treatment, and blood pressure control among patients with RMDs seen in a Rheumatology clinic in Uganda.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Rheumatology Clinic of Mulago National Referral Hospital (MNRH), Kampala, Uganda. Socio-demographic, clinical characteristics and anthropometric data were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was performed using STATA 16 to determine factors associated with HBP in patients with RMDs.

Results
A total of 100 participants were enrolled. Of these, majority were female (84%, n = 84) with mean age of 52.1 (standard deviation: 13.8) years and median body mass index of 28 kg/m2 (interquartile range (IQR): 24.8 kg/m2–32.9 kg/m2). The prevalence of HBP was 61% (n = 61, 95% CI: 51.5–70.5), with the majority (77%, n = 47, 95% CI: 66.5–87.6) being aware they had HTN. The prevalence of HTN was 47% (n = 47, 37.2–56.8), and none had it under control. Factors independently associated with HBP were age 46-55years (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–5.95), 56–65 years (aPR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.09–6.15), >65 years (aPR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.02–6.00), obesity (aPR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.79–7.52), overweight (aPR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.29–5.77).

Conclusion
There was a high burden of HBP among people with RMDs in Uganda with poor blood pressure control, associated with high BMI and increasing age. There is a need for further assessment of the RMD specific drivers of HBP and meticulous follow up of patients with RMDs.
Machine learning models of healthcare expenditures predicting mortality: A cohort study of spousal bereaved Danish individuals
Authors: Katsiferis Alexandros , Bhatt Samir , Mortensen Laust Hvas , Mishra Swapnil , Jensen Majken Karoline , Westendorp Rudi G. J. 
Published: August 2023

Background
The ability to accurately predict survival in older adults is crucial as it guides clinical decision making. The added value of using health care usage for predicting mortality remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate if temporal patterns of healthcare expenditures, can improve the predictive performance for mortality, in spousal bereaved older adults, next to other widely used sociodemographic variables.

Methods
This is a population-based cohort study of 48,944 Danish citizens 65 years of age and older suffering bereavement within 2013–2016. Individuals were followed from date of spousal loss until death from all causes or 31st of December 2016, whichever came first. Healthcare expenditures were available on weekly basis for each person during the follow-up and used as predictors for mortality risk in Extreme Gradient Boosting models. The extent to which medical spending trajectories improved mortality predictions compared to models with sociodemographics, was assessed with respect to discrimination (AUC), overall prediction error (Brier score), calibration, and clinical benefit (decision curve analysis).

Results
The AUC of age and sex for mortality the year after spousal loss was 70.8% [95% CI 68.8, 72.8]. The addition of sociodemographic variables led to an increase of AUC ranging from 0.9% to 3.1% but did not significantly reduce the overall prediction error. The AUC of the model combining the variables above plus medical spending usage was 80.8% [79.3, 82.4] also exhibiting smaller Brier score and better calibration. Overall, patterns of healthcare expenditures improved mortality predictions the most, also exhibiting the highest clinical benefit among the rest of the models.

Conclusion
Temporal patterns of medical spending have the potential to significantly improve our assessment on who is at high risk of dying after suffering spousal loss. The proposed methodology can assist in a more efficient risk profiling and prognosis of bereaved individuals.
Risks of urgent cesarean delivery preceding the planned schedule: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Danieli-Gruber Shir , Shalev-Rosenthal Yael , Matot Ran , Brzezinski-Sinai Noa , Zeevi Gil , Pardo Anat , Orbach Sharon , Hadar Eran 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
The aim of the study was to ascertain risk factors and outcomes of elective cesarean deliveries performed urgently prior to their scheduled date.

Methods
Women carrying a viable singleton fetus who were scheduled for elective cesarean delivery at a tertiary medical center between 2012–2020 were identified by retrospective database. Differences in maternal and neonatal parameters between those who ultimately required urgent cesarean delivery and those who underwent the procedure as scheduled were analyzed.

Results
Of 4403 women who met the inclusion criteria, 559 underwent urgent cesarean delivery before the scheduled date. On multivariate analysis, factors significantly associated with a risk of transformation to an urgent cesarean delivery were chronic hypertension (aOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.30–2.83 P = 0.001), antenatal corticosteroids administration (aOR 3.26, 95% CI 2.38–4.47, P <0.001), and contraindication for vaginal delivery as the reason for elective cesarean delivery (aOR 1.67, 95% CI 1.32–2.12, P <0.001). Neonates born via urgent cesareans had an increased risk of 1-minute Apgar <7 (6% vs. 1.7%, P <0.001), intensive care unit admission (6.6% vs. 2.5%, P <0.001); their mothers were at risk of postpartum hemorrhage (5.9% vs. 3%, P = 0.001).

Conclusions
The present study sheds light on the risk factors and maternal and fetal morbidities associated with elective cesarean deliveries that become urgent before the originally scheduled date. Physicians should take this information into account when planning an optimal date for elective cesarean delivery.
Deteksi Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Pisang-Pisang Lokal di Pandeglang
Authors: Nani Maryani , Harahap Elmira Oktaria Raihan , Khastini Rida Oktorida , Ahmad Fajarudin 
Published: August 2023

Detection of Fusarium wilt on Local Bananas in Pandeglang
Fusarium wilt of bananas or Panama disease, caused by Tropical Race4 (TR4), threatens the global banana industry. In Indonesia, the disease devastated Cavendish, an export variety, and many local bananas, such as Pisang Raja, Kepok, and Barangan. Nonetheless, TR4 incidence is unknown in many parts of Indonesia. This study aimed to detect TR4 in local bananas from Pandeglang, the most banana-produced area in Banten Province. A survey was conducted in nine Kecamatan i.e., Banjar, Cadasari, Jiput, Labuan, and Menes. In total, 13 banana accessions showed symptoms of fusarium wilt. Symptomatic pseudostem samples were plated on potato dextrose agar. The monosporic culture was derived from isolation and used for morphological identification and DNA extraction. Based on the morphological characteristics of Fusarium, 27 strains members of 3 species complexes were identified, i.e., F. cugenangense, F. foetens dan F. oxysporum (Fusarium oxysporum species complex; FOSC), F. equiseti dan F. incarnatum (Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex) dan F. solani (Fusarium solani species complex, currently named as Neocosmospora). Molecular detection of TR4 was done using duplex PCR of translation elongation factor-1α (Tef-1α) and TR4 primer specific, giving positive results only on TR4 strains, members of FOSC. This study enhances our knowledge of the spreading of TR4 in an unidentified area in Indonesia. Many of the local bananas in Pandeglang is susceptible to TR4, thus threaten banana cultivation in this area. Further study on the molecular analysis using more genes will give insight into the expanding genetic diversity of Fusarium causing wilt in Banana in the Indonesian collection.
A Convergent Entropy-Dissipating BDF2 Finite-Volume Scheme for a Population Cross-Diffusion System
Authors: Jüngel Ansgar , Vetter Martin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A second-order backward differentiation formula (BDF2) finite-volume discretization for a nonlinear cross-diffusion system arising in population dynamics is studied.
The numerical scheme preserves the Rao entropy structure and conserves the mass.
The existence and uniqueness of discrete solutions and their large-time behavior as well as the convergence of the scheme are proved.
The proofs are based on the G-stability of the BDF2 scheme, which provides an inequality for the quadratic Rao entropy and hence suitable a priori estimates.
The novelty is the extension of this inequality to the system case.
Some numerical experiments in one and two space dimensions underline the theoretical results.
Space-Time Approximation of Local Strong Solutions to the 3D Stochastic Navier–Stokes Equations
Authors: Breit Dominic , Dodgson Alan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We consider the 3D stochastic Navier–Stokes equation on the torus.
Our main result concerns the temporal and spatio-temporal discretisation of a local strong pathwise solution.
We prove optimal convergence rates for the energy error with respect to convergence in probability, that is convergence of order (up to) 1 in space and of order (up to) 1/2 in time.
The result holds up to the possible blow-up of the (time-discrete) solution.
Our approach is based on discrete stopping times for the (time-discrete) solution.
Ab initiomolecular dynamics of insulating paper: Mechanism of insulating paper cellobiose cracking at transient high temperature
Authors: Yang Hao , Wang Xin , Duan Yimeng , Zhang Haotian , Chen Miaomiao , Wang Xinyu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOil-impregnated paper is the most widely used insulating material for power transformers. Power transformers inevitably generate a lot of heat during operation. Among them, thermal aging is one of the main forms of aging for insulating paper. In this study, theab initiomolecular dynamics method based on the density functional theory is used to simulate the cracking mechanism of cellobiose under transient high temperature. The results show that the cellobiose is relatively stable at 343 K, the motility of the cellobiose is enhanced at 1,800 K, the cellobiose starts to decompose at 2,400 K, and new characteristic products are formed at 3,000 K. The characteristic products include CO, H2O, CH3OH, H2, and CH4. These characteristic products can represent the degree of cracking of insulating paper. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the mechanism of cracking of insulating paper caused by transient high temperature.
Dokumentarische Fortbildung und das Lehrinstitut für Dokumentation (LID)
Authors: Oßwald Achim 
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung
Fortbildungsveranstaltungen zur Dokumentation wurden vom Lehrinstitut für Dokumentation (LID) in der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Dokumentation (DGD) von 1974 bis 1991 angeboten. Themen waren u. a. die dokumentarische Methodik, Arbeitsabläufe, Dienstleistungsangebote, Produkte und neuesten Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien sowie der Umgang mit den dadurch ausgelösten Veränderungen ggf. auch aus Leitungsperspektive. Die Strukturen, Entwicklungsphasen, Themenschwerpunkte, Kooperationen – insbesondere mit Partnereinrichtungen aus der Mediendokumentation, aber auch mit regionalen Organisationen von Informationsspezialist*innen innerhalb und außerhalb der DGD – und der Stellenwert der LID-Fortbildung im Rahmen der Qualifizierungsangebote der DGD werden in diesem Beitrag beschrieben und analysiert.
Prenatal diagnosis of bilobate placenta: incidence, risk factors and impact on pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Giouleka Sonia , Siargkas Antonios , Tsakiridis Ioannis , Mamopoulos Apostolos , Athanasiadis Apostolos , Dagklis Themistoklis 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the incidence and risk factors of bilobate placenta, as well as to assess its impact on preeclampsia (PE), preterm delivery (PTD) and small-for-gestational age (SGA) neonates.

Methods
A prospective study of singleton pregnancies, undergoing routine anomaly scan at 20+0–23+6 gestational weeks, was conducted, between 2018 and 2022. The impact of prenatally diagnosed bilobate placenta on PE, PTD and SGA was assessed. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to assess the independent association between bilobate placenta and the main pregnancy outcomes, using specific confounders. Additionally, a risk factor analysis was performed.

Results
The study population included 6,454 pregnancies; the incidence of prenatally diagnosed bilobate placenta was 2.0 % (n=129). Bilobate placenta was associated with PE (aOR: 1.721; 95 % CI: 1.014–2.922), while no statistically significant association was found between this anatomical variation and SGA (aOR: 1.059; 95 % CI: 0.665–1.686) or PTD (aOR: 1.317; 95 % CI: 0.773–2.246). Furthermore, pregnancies with prenatally diagnosed bilobate placenta had an increased prevalence of abnormal cord insertion (marginal or velamentous) (9.8 vs. 27.1 %; p<0.001) and increased mean UtA PI z-score (0.03 vs. 0.23; p=0.039). Conception via ART (aOR: 3.669; 95 % CI: 2.248–5.989), previous history of 1st trimester miscarriage (aOR: 1.814; 95 % CI: 1.218–2.700) and advancing maternal age (aOR: 1.069; 95 % CI: 1.031–1.110) were identified as major risk factors for bilobate placenta.

Conclusions
Bilobate placenta, excluding cases of co-existing vasa previa, is associated with higher incidence of PE, increased mean UtA PI z-score and higher probability of abnormal cord insertion, but not with increased risk for SGA or PTD. It is more common in pregnancies following ART and in women with a previous 1st trimester miscarriage.
Unnecessary and Insufficient Factual Causes
Authors: Stapleton Jane 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Law recognizes a necessary (i.e., but-for) factor as a factual cause. However, it is a common misconception that the but-for test is the exclusive test of factual causation. Longstanding case law reveals that a factor may be a factual cause of an outcome, even if it was neither necessary nor sufficient for it. This was recently unanimously confirmed by the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom in Financial Conduct Authority v. Arch Insurance (UK) Ltd (2021). In the law, there seems to be a uniform concept of what it means to be a factual cause, one that is wider than necessity and includes unnecessary and insufficient factors which are recognized as factual causes across a wide variety of legal contexts. This uniform concept of factual cause can be captured in a forensically straightforward way in an “extended but-for test”. Appreciation of unnecessary and insufficient factual causes, which are common, provides a more coherent frame in which to view the outcomes of certain earlier cases. It also illuminates the importance for clarity of legal reasoning of separating the context-independent factual cause issue from context-dependent analytical stages such as the scope of the rule and remedy, including loss quantification.
Three Models of US State-Level Charity Regulation
Authors: Mitchell George E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe existence of federal oversight of charitable organizations in the United States implies a degree of uniformity to US charity regulation. However, charity regulation is far from uniform across the country. States differ significantly in their adoption or non-adoption of various state-level regulatory requirements, creating not one but many different regulatory environments for charities. The complexity and diversity of these regulations has made it difficult for sector stakeholders, such as researchers, regulators, practitioners, information intermediaries, and donors, to understand the nature and significance of state-level charity regulation from a comparative perspective. To address this problem, this article employs latent class analysis to identify three distinct models of state-level charity regulation: broad regulation, limited regulation, and asset oversight. Subsequent analysis identifies relationships between a state’s economic, social, and political characteristics and its model of charity regulation, suggesting new avenues of research for understanding regulatory model emergence. Many additional practical applications of the typology are also discussed.
Inhibitory function of CDK12i combined with WEE1i on castration-resistant prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Qin Zheng , Liu Dongze , Zhang Yueyao , Chen Xiaoxu , Zhu Xiao , Xu Shengxian , Peng Baolong , Dong Shiqiang , Hou Dingkun , Zhu Liang , Wang Haitao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
The inhibitors of CDK12 and WEE1 (SR-4835 and AZD-1775) have rarely been evaluated in studies on castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treatment. The research objective of this article is to study the inhibitory effect of SR-4835 and AZD-1775 on CRPC cells and to explore the therapeutic effect of combining the two drugs in the treatment of CRPC cells in vitro and in vivo.

Methods
We performed Western blot, quantitative real-time PCR, Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, EdU, and immunofluorescence assays; cell cycle analysis, wound scratch and Transwell assays and nude mice xenograft tumor analysis to identify the mechanism and measure the therapeutic effect of SR-4835, AZD-1775 and the combination in CRPC cells.

Results
Compared with normal prostate cells, the expressions of CDK12 and WEE1 in prostate cancer cells, especially CRPC cells, were significantly increased at protein and mRNA levels. SR-4835 can cause DNA damage in CRPC cells by inhibiting the expression of DNA damage repair genes. AZD-1775 inhibits the G2/M phase checkpoint function. Performing in vivo and in vitro experiments, we found that SR-4835 combined with AZD-1775 significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect on CRPC cell to a greater degree than monotherapy.

Conclusions
In summary, SR-4835 combined with AZD-1775 can eliminate CRPC cells by inducing DNA damage and inhibiting the normal repair machinery. Therefore, we consider this combination therapy to be a promising strategy for CRPC patients.