bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Russian Anti-Offshore Policy: Current Regulation and Perspectives
Authors: Kanashevskiy V. A. 
Published: April 2023

The paper outlines the regulatory landscape of an anti-offshore policy in Russia. In the first part of this paper, the author gives an overview of effective regulations against offshore businesses that Russia has adopted in the past decade. The CFC rules were developed and subsequently passed because of Russia’s participation in the BEPS project. They are of the highest importance for the implementation of the anti-offshore policy. Other measures include transfer-pricing rules, registers of beneficial owners, exchange of financial information and revision of double tax treaties with Cyprus, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Switzerland. Sanctions imposed by the EU, the USA, the UK and their allies against Russia, Russian individuals and companies in 2022 and counter-measures against Western countries and their residents introduced by Russian authorities also stimulate deoffshorization of the Russian economy. They have limited the free movement of capital between offshore holding companies and their Russian subsidiaries and, consequently, have contributed to the isolation of the Russian economy from the rest of the world, including its offshore infrastructure. The second part of the paper deals with the proposals for the Russian anti-offshore policy. The author shares his ideas on how to make the policy for deoffshorization of the Russian economy more effective. A few of these anti-offshore actions have already been implemented in draft laws and are currently being considered in the Russian Parliament. All of the measures that are being considered would result in unfavourable tax implications and possible damage to the reputations of those Russian individuals and organizations who still use offshore companies and trusts for the purposes of minimizing taxation and maintaining anonymity. The most important action proposed by the author for the implementation of the anti-offshore policy is the forced deoffshorization of strategic enterprises. Passing the relevant law would entail fundamental changes to the Russian business environment and result in the restoration of economic sovereignty over the Russian economy.
The socioeconomic consequences of population ageing: aspects of modern challenges in the Russian Federation
Authors: Mabiala G. , Sukhareva I. A. , Linskiy D. V. , Trusevich E. V. , Shamilevа E. E. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose: the article summarizes the key characteristics of the population ageing phenomenon and identifies the channels through which it has an impact on the demographic crisis parameters as well as the socioeconomic growth of the country.Methods: the study is based on tracking the consequences associated with the phenomenon of population ageing. Simultaneously, computational and graphical methods, comparative and retrospective analysis of the sex and age pyramids, expert and empirical assessment of the trends in the structure of the population older than 60-65 years, as well as its economic burden per 1,000 able-bodied people, were used.Results: the main parameters of the socioeconomic impacts of population ageing are determined. Age limits and essential features of this phenomenon are revealed. The forecast trend of socioeconomic parameters of population ageing is supported by the SWOT analysis matrix, and a conceptual model for the implementation of systematic adjustment measures for the ongoing demographic crisis is proposed.Conclusions and Relevance: the article demonstrates that population ageing is not a fundamental socioeconomic problem that endangers the well-being of the population over working age. However, it has many negative consequences for the socioeconomic growth of the country that are still being researched; the real threats come not from population ageing as such, but from the existing disproportion in the workload of the population over 60-65 years old per 1,000 able-bodied population. Despite the relative parameters of the ageing trend in Russia, in the future, the life expectancy of the population will be 73.58-75.03 years.
A Mouse Monoclonal Antibody Against Human IFN-γ and its Characters
Authors: Zaker Erfan , Zare Fateme , Hejazi Seyed Hossein , Khanahmad Hossein , Kalantar Seyed Mehdi 
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims: A monoclonal antibody (mAb) can unambiguously identify, quantify, and purify an antigen or particular epitope at a large scale. The superiority of these antibodies lies in their specificity for the antigenic determinant. So, this study aims to prepare mouse mAb-secreting hybridoma against human gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and determine the produced antibody's characters.
Materials and Methods: Mouse splenic B lymphocytes immunized with recombinant human IFN-γ were fused with mouse SP2/0 cells. The hybridized cells were selected by hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine and hypoxanthine-thymidine media to obtain monoclonal antibody-producing hybridoma cells. Finally, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and western blot were used to confirm the creation of antibody-secreting hybridoma cells.
Results: mAb against IFN-γ were produced by fusing SP2/0 mouse non-secretory myeloma cell line with the spleen cells of immunized mice. This antibody's indirect ELISA optical density was 2.055 on average, and the desired antibody bands were confirmed in SDS-PAGE compared to Septicol® (commercial antibody). Also, in the western blot, the desired antibody could bind to the antigen. IFN-γ transferred on nitrocellulose membrane. In ELISA and western blot tests, anti-mouse IgG conjugated antibodies were used; therefore, the mAb IgG isotype was taken into consideration.
Conclusion: In this study, a mouse mAb was obtained by immunization of Balb/C mice and fusion of spleen cells of these mice with the SP2/0 cells, which can specifically bind to recombinant human IFN-γ and can be used to detect IFN-γ secretion in all types of intracellular infections, including latent tuberculosis.
Distance Vocal Training in the Postmodern Period
Authors: Breslavets Halyna , Shpak Halyna , Khomenko Alla , Bakalo Lydmyla , Osypenko Viktoriia , Dziuba Oleg 
Published: April 2023

The relevance of the article lies in the fact that in the 21st century the distance learning of vocal arts is becoming increasingly important in the postmodern period. The article characterizes the role and importance of educational innovations in the development of music education during distance learning. The author indicates the most important tasks, the solution of which involves the use of educational innovations during distance learning vocal art in the postmodern period. Along with this, such main directions of innovation activities as the formation of new content of the educational process, assimilation of new pedagogical technologies, and the creation of new varieties of educational institutions are influencing. The topic of the article is relevant in the international context, since examples of relevant innovations at the university level consider a "universal" approach to teaching vocal methodology (with coverage of "child" and "adult" periods as interrelated components), the use of media technologies to find professional information, the study of priority aspects of singing in distance vocal training in the postmodern period.
The article presents innovations in vocal arts distance learning in the postmodern era; the use of innovations in vocal arts instruction; the renewal of present-day vocal arts institutions in the postmodern era: the vocal arts distance learning process in the twenty-first century.
The Formation of English-Language Lexical Competence of Application of the Conditionality Mechanism Concerning the Rule of Law in the European Union
Authors: Verga Crina Mihaela 
Published: April 2023

The paper focuses first on the concept of “rule of law” and its requirements. The legislative framework of the European Union on the conditionality mechanism on the rule of law is analyzed in detail. The last part of the exposition concerns the effective application of the legislation ensuring the protection of the European budget in case of violation of the principles of the rule of law by a Member State. In this regard, some judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union are commented on, given by it in a few cases involving Hungary and Poland, on the one hand, and the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, on the other part.
The purpose of this article is to highlight the complexity and the very special importance of the concept of the rule of law, essential value expressis verb is consecrated, to analyze the specific legislation in the field existing at the level of the European Union. Finally, the shortcomings of the Member States in respecting the principle examined are highlighted; in this respect, several judgments of the Court of Justice concerning systematic infringements of the rule of law by some Member States of the European Union are analyzed. The historical and the comparative methods are used in this presentation.
The article is of particular importance to the European Union, to the experts in the field, but especially to the Member States of the European Union, which have undertaken to take over and give priority to its specific legislation by joining this regional organization. Although Poland and Hungary have been convicted for the systematic violations of the rule of law, they have not remedied their situation, despite the sanctions applied.
Distribution pattern of macroalgae community in Pecaron Beach, Kebumen Regency
Authors: Widyartini Dwi Sunu , Hidayah H A , Piranti A S , Warihjati A 
Published: April 2023

Macroalgae have a high species diversity but are very susceptible to environmental changes or ecological pressures that can affect their existence. Pecaron Beach conditions have a substrate type of sand and coral fragments. This study aims to determine the pattern of macroalgae distribution in the waters of Pecaron Beach Kebumen. The research method uses a survey method with a purposive random sampling technique. Variables observed in this study are macroalgae distribution patterns. The observed parameters consist of the main parameters and supporting parameters. The main parameters consist of macroalgae biomass, while the supporting parameter consists of depth values at low tide, salinity, temperature, acidity degree (pH), wave height, phosphate levels, and nitrates of water. The data obtained were then analyzed for distribution patterns using calculated of the Morisita index. The results of the study on Pecaron Beach found 12 species, i. e. Valoniopsis pachynema, Chaetomorpha antenina, C. crassa, Ulva lactuca, U. rigida, U. fasciata, Chondracanthus harveyanus, Tricleocarpa fragilis, Gelidium rigidum, Palmaria palmata, Eucheuma spinosum, Callophyllis crispata, and Sargassum crassifolium, with distribution patterns at clustered species, with the highest distribution pattern values in Ulva lactuca, U. rigida, and U. fasciata species (12,000), and the lowest distribution pattern in Chondracanthus harveyanus (2,121).
Certified Reference Material of Tylosin Tartrate
Authors: Gulyaeva A. Yu. , Khrushchev A. Y. , Kolyachkina S. V. , Muravieva V. B. , Antonova S. V. 
Published: April 2023

To date, antibiotics are often used in the treatment of infectious diseases in medicine and veterinary medicine, as well as growth promoters in animal husbandry. The uncontrolled use of antibiotics leads to antibiotic residues in food products that are easily transmitted to humans through food chains. Due to these undesirable effects, as well as in connection with the circulation of substandard and counterfeit medicinal products, it is necessary to control the quality of medicinal products, as well as monitor the food safety of animal products by determining the content of drug residues using reference materials (RMs).The aim of this research was to develop a CRM for the composition of tylosin tartrate.In the course of the research, a method for preparing the initial RM was tested and successfully implemented, a critical analysis of methods for measuring the content of tylosin tartrate was carried out, and the choice of the HPLC method as the main method for quantitative determination of the certified value of the measured quantity (mass fraction of tylosin) was justified. The disadvantages of the microbiological method and the titrimetry method as alternative methods were shown. In accordance with RMG 93–2015 and GOST ISO Guide 35–2015, the standard uncertainty of the RM certified value from the characterization method, heterogeneity and instability of the material was estimated. The expanded uncertainty of the certified value was calculated. The result of the work performed was the approval of a new type of the CRM for the composition of tylosin tartrate GSO 11632 2020.Normalized metrological characteristics: the mass fraction of tylosin is 800–1100 µg/mg, the relative expanded uncertainty at k = 2, P= 0.95 is 6%. The CRM is stored in sealed ampoules separately from food and feed in a dry and dark place at a temperature from plus 4 °C to minus 18 °C, the shelf life of the CRM is 4 years.The practical significance of the results obtained makes it possible to expand the possibility of certification of measurement methods and control of the accuracy of the measurement results of the mass fraction of tylosin in veterinary medicinal products, food and food raw materials, animal feed, and environmental objects. The CRM can also be used to identify tylosin in medicinal products and to determine the susceptibility of pathogens to tylosin.
Reference Materials for the Phase Transition Temperatures (Curie Temperature) Based on Alumel, Nickel and Iron Silicide
Authors: Shipitsyn A. P. , Nepomiluev A. M. , Tyurnina A. E. 
Published: April 2023

The requirements for thermal analysis instruments are increasing in terms of their metrological support with the development of scientific and technological progress in the field of metrological supervision and electronics industry. The study of determining the phase transition temperature, namely the Curie temperature, is of particular relevance for the metrological support of the applied thermal analysis instruments and traceability to the basic physical units.The purpose of the research was to test the possibility of using materials based on alumel, nickel and iron silicide (trafoperm) as phase transition temperature standards for candidate reference materials of phase transition temperatures (RMs) traceable to the SI unit of the «temperature» value.The procedure for measuring the phase transition temperatures (Curie temperature – TC) was carried out by the thermomagnetometric method using an STA 449 F5 JUPITER thermal analyzer from the State Primary Standard GET 173-2017. The determination of the RM certified value was carried out in accordance with GOST ISO Guide 35–2015, the contributions to the uncertainty from the heterogeneity of the initial materials were evaluated, and the short-term and long-term stability of the materials were studied.A comparison of the certified values of the developed RMs with the reference values of the Curie temperature showed that they are consistent.The theoretical significance of the results obtained is proof of the possibility of using the thermomagnetometric method for the development of certified reference materials of phase transition temperatures GSO 12005–2022/GSO 12007–2022. The possibility of applying the method of differential scanning calorimetry in determining the Curie temperature was also confirmed.The practical significance of the results obtained allows expanding the possibilities for constructing the calibration dependence of measuring instruments for thermogravimetric analysis and monitoring its stability, as well as increasing the measurement precision of the Curie temperature of various substances and materials.
Molecular Diagnostics of Oncological Disease: Prospects for the Development of a Reference Material for the HER2 gene Content
Authors: Vonsky M. S. , Runov A. L. , Gorjachaya T. S. , Koltsova A. M. , Kurchakova E. V. , Nazarov V. D. , Lapin S. V. , Mazing A. V. , Emanuel V. L. 
Published: April 2023

Cancer is the leading cause of death in the world. The development of oncopathology is closely related to various changes in the genetic material that occur in malignantly transformed cells. Medical decision-making requires a clear differentiation between normal and pathological indicators, which are, among other things, the results of application of quantitative methods in laboratory medicine. Studies of DNA isolated from a patient’s biological material, identification and measurement of the content of nucleotide sequences acting as oncopathology biomarkers allow to solve the problems of determining the genetic prerequisites for cancer, its early diagnosis, determining the treatment strategy, monitoring, and confirming the patient’s cure.The purpose of this research is to develop the main approaches to the design of DNA reference materials (RMs) for metrological support of molecular diagnostics of oncopathology through the example of the RM for the HER2 gene sequence content in the human genome, with the value of «the number of copies of the DNA sequence» which is metrologically traceable to the natural SI unit «one».In the course of the research, a technique for measuring the HER2 gene amplification (the number of copies of the gene sequence per genome) was developed based on the use of the digital PCR method (dPCR). Comparability of measurement results for the method developed by the authors, and the results obtained using a commercial kit by the MLPA method on samples of human biological material is shown.Five permanent cell lines obtained from the CUC «Vertebrate Cell Culture Collection» were characterized in relation to the copy number ratios of HER2 gene sequence and CEP17 and RPPH1 genes sequences. A cell line with the HER2 gene amplification was identified. The results obtained will be used to create the RM for the copy number ratio of the HER2 gene sequences and the RPPH1 and CEP17 gene sequences. Creation of matrix DNA RMs based on human cell cultures certified using dPCR will allow transferring the unit of copy numbers of the DNA sequence to calibrators included in medical devices, thereby ensuring the required reliability and comparability of measurement results in the laboratory diagnostics of oncopathology, as well as the possibility of calibrating routine methods of DNA diagnostics and intralaboratory quality control.
Determination of the Oil Content of Sunflower Seeds Using Natural Samples of Sunflower Oil: on the Example of the Calibration of a Pulsed NMR Analyzer
Authors: Agafonov O. S. , Prudnikov S. M. 
Published: April 2023

One of the main parameters of sunflower seeds is its oil content. This characteristic is mandatory for certifica[1]tion of agricultural products and assessment of their value. IR spectroscopy and pulsed NMR methods are widely used to determine the oil content.The purpose of the research was to scientifically and practically substantiate the possibility of using sunflower oil samples for calibrating NMR analyzers, identifying and assessing the quality of oilseeds and products of their processing based on the NMR method. The comparison of the results of various options for the calibration of a pulsed NMR analyzer for determining the oil content of sunflower seeds was carried out. The first option was to measure the NM relaxation characteristics of oil protons from prepared samples of sunflower seeds, followed by determination of their oil content by exhaustive extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus, construction of a calibration equation based on the obtained data, and entering its coefficients into the program of NMR analyzers.The resulting calibration was the base one, with which other calibration options were compared. The second option was to use for calibrating the NMR analyzer various samples of sunflower oil obtained by pressing from sunflower seeds of the same varieties and hybrids, that were used for the first calibration option, as well as sunflower oil samples purchased in a commercial network. Five samples evenly distributed in the range from 2.000 g to 7.000 g with an accuracy of 0.001 g were taken from each oil sample using laboratory scales, and the amplitudes of proton NMR signals were measured in them. The dependency between the oil mass of the analyzed samples and the amplitude of proton NMR signals in them was graphed. Comparison of the obtained calibration dependences showed their close nature. Mathematical calculations have shown that the use of sunflower oil for the calibration of NMR analyzers does not lead to an increase in the error in the measurement results of the oil content of sunflower seeds compared to the first option of the calibration.The practical significance of the research will considerably simplify the calibration process, reduce the calibration time from 3–4 days to 3–4 hours, and eliminate the use of toxic solvents and additional expensive equipment without a significant change in the error in determining the oil content of sunflower seeds by NMR.
DC-YOLOv8: Small Size Object Detection Algorithm Based on Camera Sensor
Authors: Lou Haitong , Duan Xuehu , Guo Junmei , Liu Haiying , Gu Jason , Bi Lingyun , Chen Haonan 
Published: April 2023

Traditional camera sensors rely on human eyes for observation. However, the human eye 1
is prone to fatigue when observing targets of different sizes for a long time in complex scenes, and 2
human cognition is limited, which often leads to judgment errors and greatly reduces the efficiency. 3
Target recognition technology is an important technology to judge the target category in camera 4
sensor. In order to solve this problem, a small size target detection algorithm for special scenarios was 5
proposed by this paper. Its advantage is that this algorithm not only has higher precision for small 6
size target detection, but also can ensure that the detection accuracy of each size is not lower than the 7
existing algorithm. In this paper, a new down-sampling method was proposed, which could better 8
preserve the context feature information. The feature fusion network was improved to effectively 9
combine shallow information and deep information. A new network structure was proposed to 10
effectively improve the detection accuracy of the model. In terms of accuracy, it is better than: YOLOX, 11
YOLOXR, YOLOv3, scaled YOLOv5, YOLOv7-Tiny and YOLOv8.Three authoritative public data sets 12
were used in this experiment: a) On Visdron data sets (small size targets), DC-YOLOv8 is 2.5% more 13
accurate than YOLOv8. b) On Tinyperson data sets (minimal size targets), DC-YOLOv8 is 1% more 14
accurate than YOLOv8. c) On PASCAL VOC2007 data sets (Normal size target), DC-YOLOv8 is 0.5% 15
more accurate than YOLOv8.