bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeated genetic divergence plays a minor role in repeated phenotypic divergence of lake-stream stickleback
Authors: Poore Hilary A , Stuart Yoel E , Rennison Diana J , Roesti Marius , Hendry Andrew P , Bolnick Daniel I , Peichel Catherine L 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the repeated evolution of similar phenotypes in response to similar ecological conditions (here “parallel evolution”) often occurs through mutations in the same genes. However, many previous studies have focused on known candidate genes in a limited number of systems. Thus, the question of how often parallel phenotypic evolution is due to parallel genetic changes remains open. Here, we used quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in F2 intercrosses between lake and stream threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from four independent watersheds on Vancouver Island, Canada to determine whether the same QTL underlie divergence in the same phenotypes across, between, and within watersheds. We find few parallel QTL, even in independent crosses from the same watershed or for phenotypes that have diverged in parallel. These findings suggest that different mutations can lead to similar phenotypes. The low genetic repeatability observed in these lake-stream systems contrasts with the higher genetic repeatability observed in other stickleback systems. We speculate that differences in evolutionary history, gene flow, and/or the strength and direction of selection might explain these differences in genetic parallelism and emphasize that more work is needed to move beyond documenting genetic parallelism to identifying the underlying causes.
Does External Threat Unify? Chinese Pressure and Domestic Politics in Taiwan and South Korea
Authors: Carothers Christopher 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Since 2009, China's growing geopolitical assertiveness has triggered or exacerbated conflicts with many of its neighbors. External threat is often believed to produce domestic cohesion, such as bipartisanship or a rally-‘round-the-flag effect. However, this study uses the cases of Taiwan and South Korea to show that political parties have sometimes united around a response to Chinese pressure but at other times have been sharply divided. Despite Beijing's aggression toward Taiwan since 2016, the Kuomintang and the Democratic Progressive Party remain at odds over cross-strait policy. In contrast, South Korean conservatives and progressives united in response to Chinese economic sanctions over the deployment of Terminal High Altitude Area Defense. I argue that a country is less likely to unite against a foreign threat when a “formative rift” in its history divides political groups over national identity issues and causes them to perceive the threat differently, as in Taiwan but not South Korea. This study is based on a multilingual analysis of Taiwanese and South Korean political parties’ statements on China policy. Its findings contribute to scholarship on how international factors affect domestic politics and our understanding of China's rise.
Political justice in a complex global order: rethinking pluralist legitimacy
Authors: Macdonald Terry 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Principles of global political justice define how global society's governing institutional powers should be constituted, and by whom they should be exercised. Political justice seeks to establish political legitimacy under moral constraint—achieved through forms of governance function, political inclusion and political participation that respect the equal autonomy of all individuals within the global order as a whole. Over the last century, the dominant institutional model of political justice has been liberal internationalist. But erosion of the territorial and national boundaries of state-based political governance, accelerated by processes of ‘globalization’, has produced deepening legitimacy crises in the liberal international order. This article addresses this challenge by assessing what normative framework of political justice is best suited to the new global era of complex interdependence. Drawing on claims articulated by real-world global justice activists, it argues for a normative theoretical critique and reconstruction of the idea of pluralist legitimacy—replacing the familiar liberal internationalist model of pluralist legitimacy with a more complex variant of global pluralist legitimacy. This analysis contributes a cohesive conceptual framework for understanding the normative significance of diverse contemporary global legitimacy crises and activist justice claims that may otherwise appear disparate. In doing so, it illuminates the role played by justice ideals in guiding trajectories of change within the dynamic global political order.
Real Semi-Stable Degenerations, Real-Oriented Blow-Ups, and Straightening Corners
Authors: Rau Johannes 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We study totally real semi-stable degenerations (and more generally, smooth semi-stable degenerations). Our goal is to describe the homeomorphism type of the real locus ${\textbf R} X_t$ of the general fibre in terms of the special fibre. We give a general homeomorphism statement via the real-oriented blow-up of the family. Using this, we give more explicit descriptions of ${\textbf R} X_t$ as a stratified space glued from (covers of) strata of the special fibre. We also give relative versions of the statements and consider the example of toric degenerations in order to link the technique to tropicalisation.
Simultaneous Monitoring and Decontamination of Pesticide Residues in Phytomedicine-Enriched Betel Leaf Utilizing QuEChERS-GC-MS/MS Technology to Safeguard Public Health
Authors: Soyel S K Amir , Hazra Dipak Kumar , Ruidas Subhajit , Mandal Swagata , Bhattacharyya Sudip , Poi Rajlakshmi , Karmakar Rajib , Mondal Goutam , Majumder Sujan , Mondal Prithusayak 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
The presence of undesirable substances, including pesticides (xenobiotics) in betel leaf (Piper betel), is a great concern for consumers because it is chewed and consumed directly. To protect the consumer’s health, a modified QuEChERS method for monitoring purposes and subsequent decontamination process has been developed.

Objective
The goal of this work was to establish a multi-residue analytical method for monitoring nonpermitted organophosphorus pesticide residues in betel leaf, as well as cost-effective cleaning strategies.

Method
The homogenized 15 g samples (20 betel leaf samples collected in West Bengal, India) were extracted with a modified QuEChERS method using acetonitrile, reconstituted to acetone, and finally analyzed by GC–MS/MS. Possible decontamination techniques (such as tap water washing, 2% saltwater washing, and lukewarm water washing) were evaluated.

Results
The limit of detection ranged from 0.003 to 0.005 mg/kg, and limit of quantification was 0.01 mg/kg. Recoveries ranged from 80 to 120% with RSDr 9%. One sample was found to contain three pesticides 4 to 7 times higher than MRLs. Suggested decontamination methods allowed reducing toxic traces below European limits.

Conclusions
The suggested approach is useful for determining pesticide residues in betel leaves quickly. Traditional techniques of processing betel leaves may reduce pesticide residues below regulatory limits.

Highlights
A multi-residue method and decontamination of pesticides in betel leaf using QuEChERS-GC–MS/MS technology with satisfactory method performance was achieved. Domestic decontamination techniques have a high efficacy in reducing pesticide residues from betel leaves, making them safe for human consumption.
Twisted magnetic field in star formation processes of L1521 F revealed by submillimeter dual-band polarimetry using the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
Authors: Fukaya Sakiko , Shinnaga Hiroko , Furuya Ray S , Tomisaka Kohji , Machida Masahiro N , Harada Naoto 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Understanding the initial conditions of star formation requires both observational studies and theoretical works taking into account the magnetic field, which plays an important role in star formation processes. Herein, we study the young nearby dense cloud core L1521 F [n(H2) ∼104−6 cm−3] in the Taurus Molecular Cloud. This dense core hosts a 0.2 M⊙ protostar, categorized as a very low luminosity object with complex velocity structures, particularly in the vicinity of the protostar. To trace the magnetic field within the dense core, we conducted high-sensitivity submillimeter polarimetry of the dust continuum at λ = 850 μm and 450 μm using the POL-2 polarimeter situated in front of the SCUBA-2 submillimeter bolometer camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. This was compared with millimeter polarimetry taken at λ = 3.3 mm with ALMA. The magnetic field was detected at λ = 850 μm in the peripheral region, which is threaded in a north–south direction, while the central region traced at λ = 450 μm shows a magnetic field with an east–west direction, i.e., orthogonal to that of the peripheral region. Magnetic field strengths are estimated to be ∼70 μG and 200 μG in the peripheral and central regions, respectively, using the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method. The resulting mass-to-flux ratio of three times larger than that of magnetically critical state for both regions indicates that L 1521 F is magnetically supercritical, i.e., gravitational forces dominate over magnetic turbulence forces. Combining observational data with magnetohydrodynamic simulations, detailed parameters of the morphological properties of this puzzling object are derived for the first time.
Solitary waves on flows with an exponentially sheared current and stagnation points
Authors: Flamarion Marcelo V , Ribeiro Roberto-J R 
Published: January 2023

SummaryWhile several articles have been written on water waves on flows with constant vorticity, little is known about the extent to which a non-constant vorticity affects the flow structure, such as the appearance of stagnation points. In order to shed light on this topic, we investigate in detail the flow beneath solitary waves propagating on an exponentially decaying sheared current. Our focus is to analyse numerically the emergence of stagnation points. For this purpose, we approximate the velocity field within the fluid bulk through the classical Korteweg-de Vries asymptotic expansion and use the Matlab language to evaluate the resulting stream function. Our findings suggest that the flow beneath the waves can have 0, 1 or 2 stagnation points in the fluid body. We also study the bifurcation between these flows. Our simulations indicate that the stagnation points emerge from a streamline with a sharp corner.
Surgical Excision of Postaxial Polydactyly Type B in the Office Setting
Authors: Stults William P. , Peljovich Allan E. 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Simple postaxial polydactyly (type B) is a common congenital hand malformation often treated by suture or clip ligation.

Methods:
We present a case series of patients with simple postaxial polydactyly treated by surgical excision using local anesthesia in an office setting.

Results:
The procedure was performed on 78 digits in 48 children with a mean age of 10.2 weeks. There were no intraoperative or early postoperative complications. A follow-up by phone interview was performed at an average of 3.2 years postoperatively. All patients were reported to be pain-free and have normal function without a perceived range of motion deficits. All parents selected the highest level of satisfaction regarding cosmetic outcomes and overall experience with the procedure.

Conclusions:
These results demonstrate that an office-based surgical excision is a safe, effective, and economical treatment option and has developed into our standard of care for this common condition.
Evaluation of the noninvasive Temple Touch Pro temperature monitoring system compared with oesophageal temperature in paediatric anaesthesia (PETER PAN)
Authors: Nemeth Marcus , Klose Katharina , Asendorf Thomas , Pancaro Carlo , Mielke Benjamin , Fazliu Albulena , Saager Leif , Bräuer Anselm , Miller Clemens 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND
Monitoring peri-operative body temperature in children is currently mainly achieved through invasive devices. The Temple Touch Pro Temperature Monitoring System estimates core temperature noninvasively based on heat flux thermometry.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the agreement of this noninvasive sensor against standard oesophageal core temperature.

DESIGN
A prospective observational study.

SETTING
University hospital recruiting between April and July 2021.

PATIENTS
One hundred children (32 girls) aged 6 years or younger scheduled for noncardiac surgery, resulting in 6766 data pairs. Exclusion criteria were contraindication for the insertion of an oesophageal temperature probe, and procedures in which one of the measurement methods would interfere with the surgical field.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Primary outcome was the agreement analysis by a Bland–Altman comparison with multiple measurements. Posthoc, we performed another agreement analysis after exclusion of a statistically determined equilibration time. Secondary outcomes were the temperature differences over time and subgroup analysis of hypothermic, normothermic and hyperthermic temperature ranges, age, sex and sensor's side by type III analysis of variance. Further, we correlated the sonographically determined depth of the artery with trueness.

RESULTS
The mean difference was -0.07°C (95% CI –0.15 to +0.05) with limits of agreement of -1.00 and +0.85°C. After adjusting for an equilibration time of 13 min, the mean difference improved to –0.04°C (95% CI –0.08 to +0.01) with limits of agreement of –0.68 and +0.60°C. Concordance correlation coefficient was 0.83 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.84). Differences between the skin sensor and oesophageal reference increased over time by -0.05°C per hour. Subgroup analysis showed no clinically relevant differences. Depth of artery negatively correlated with trueness by 0.03°C per millimetre.

CONCLUSIONS
Although the Temple Touch Pro sensor showed acceptable accuracy after allowing for an equilibration time, it still needs further investigation for routine use in children. This particularly affects accuracy in hypothermic ranges, imprecise positioning and applicability in children with immature or vulnerable skin.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
German Clinical Trials Register, identifier: DRKS00024703
Recent advances predict a bright future for nebulizers
Authors: Troy Michael , Van Vleet Joseph , Tashkin Donald , Barjaktarevic Igor 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
With the improvement in device technology and delivery methods of inhaled medications, along with development of novel compounds and recognition of the importance of personalized approach in the management of chronic airway diseases, nebulizers have not only maintained their place in the treatment hierarchy of airway disease but have also proven a vital platform for the development of new classes of drugs.

Recent findings
This short review explores recent advances in nebulized drug delivery in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other chronic airway diseases, emphasizing the progress in nebulizer technology, physiologic advantages of nebulized drug delivery and the high versatility of currently available and developing nebulizer-delivered pharmacotherapies.

Summary
Versatility and efficiency of nebulizers allows for a broad spectrum of existing and novel therapies to be clinically studied, facilitating the progress in phenotype-targeted pharmacotherapies in the management of chronic airway diseases
Geographical characteristics and influencing factors of influenza epidemic in Hubei, China from 2009 to 2019
Authors: Mengmeng Yang , Shengsheng Gong , Shuqiong Huang , Xixiang Huo , Wuwei Wang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInfluenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease to which the population is generally susceptible and has an important impact on public health. Time series analysis and geospatial analysis were used to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of influenza epidemic and its influencing factors in 103 counties in Hubei Province from 2009 to 2019, and the results showed that: 1) Influenza in Hubei Province mostly occurs in winter and spring, and the influenza epidemic is high from December to March every year, and there is an aggravating trend of influenza epidemic in recent years. 2) There were significant spatial and urban-rural differences in influenza prevalence in Hubei Province, with the eastern region being more serious than the central and western region, and the urban region more serious than the rural region. The hot spot areas of interannual variation of influenza were mainly distributed in the east and west of Hubei province, and the cold spot areas were distributed in the north-central of Hubei province. In addition, the cold hot spot areas of influenza epidemic varied from season to season. 3) The seasonal variation of influenza epidemic in Hubei Province is mainly governed by meteorological factors such as temperature, sunshine, precipitation, humidity, wind speed, etc. Low temperature, less rain, less sunshine, low wind speed and humid weather will increase the probability of influenza; the interannual variation and spatial variation of influenza epidemic is mainly influenced by socio-economic factors such as road density, number of beds per 1,000 people, urbanization rate and population density, and the intensity of the effect of these factors on influenza incidence rate in Hubei Province has significant spatial variation, but in general, the formation of spatial variation of influenza in Hubei Province is still the result of the joint action of socio-economic factors and natural meteorological factors.
Intensified pulmonary tuberculosis case finding among HIV-infected new entrants of a prison in Malaysia: implications for a holistic approach to control tuberculosis in prisons
Authors: Al-Darraji Haider , Hill Philip , Sharples Katrina , Altice Frederick L. , Kamarulzaman Adeeba 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
This intensified case finding study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) disease among people with HIV entering the largest prison in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach
The study was conducted in Kajang prison, starting in July 2013 in the men’s prison and June 2015 in the women’s prison. Individuals tested positive for HIV infection, during the mandatory HIV testing at the prison entry, were consecutively recruited over five months at each prison. Consented participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and asked to submit two sputum samples that were assessed using GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) and culture, irrespective of clinical presentation. Factors associated with active TB (defined as a positive result on either Xpert or culture) were assessed using regression analyses.

Findings
Overall, 214 incarcerated people with HIV were recruited. Most were men (84.6%), Malaysians (84.1%) and people who inject drugs (67.8%). The mean age was 37.5 (SD 8.2) years, and median CD4 lymphocyte count was 376 cells/mL (IQR 232–526). Overall, 27 (12.6%) TB cases were identified, which was independently associated with scores of five or more on the World Health Organization clinical scoring system for prisons (ARR 2.90 [95% CI 1.48–5.68]).

Originality/value
Limited data exists about the prevalence of TB disease at prison entry, globally and none from Malaysia. The reported high prevalence of TB disease in the study adds an important and highly needed information to design comprehensive TB control programmes in prisons.
Network effects in blockchain and supply chain: a theoretical research synthesis
Authors: Lynberg Lorenzo , Deif Ahmed 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThis paper addresses a gap in research literature in the fields of blockchain technology (BC), supply chain network dynamics (SC) and network effect phenomena (NE). Extant BC and SC literature describes the potential benefits to be reaped through the adoption of BC technology. While BC technology does not yet meet the researched expectations of adoption, performance and efficacy, the authors analyze the three inter-related fields (BC, SC and NE) to bridge this gap in theory.Design/methodology/approachThis paper begins with a research review correlating the technological fundamentals of BC technology into fundamental value propositions for SC logistics contexts. The authors review the gap between these theoretical technological functions and the current ecosystem of BC applications. With an overarching understanding of BC in SC contexts, this paper then explores the phenomena of NE and attempts to synthesize various interrelated aspects of the three fields (BC, SC and NE). Research frameworks from extant literature are used for cross-comparing legacy software/information system solutions with potential and existing BC-based solutions. Case studies are utilized to support this analysis.FindingsSeveral key considerations and themes are identified to better inform practitioner and researcher decision-making. Novel insights pertain to BC platform architecture and application modularity, integrated governance and decision-making capabilities, and the automation capabilities that arise from a healthy application and smart contract ecosystem.Originality/valueThe core contribution is the synthesis of network effect theory with SC phenomena and BC theory and the exploration of how these three fields are inter-related in the maturation of BC technology. Specifically, the authors deepen insights from extant literature by contextualizing findings with relevant interdisciplinary theoretical frameworks.
A comprehensive study of some features from characteristics of enhanced ground‐penetrating radar wave images through convenient data processing within carbonate rock, west of Assiut, Egypt
Authors: Ebraheem Mohamed Osman , Ibrahim Hamza Ahmed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Eocene limestone plateau, west of Assiut, is characterized by different sedimentary structural features such as fractures, karst, cavities and marble. All conventional methods failed to detect these features due to their inhomogeneities. In this study, a ground‐penetrating radar survey was applied to an area including an old quarry of marble lying at the eastern part of the limestone plateau. The field survey was carried out using a 200‐MHz antenna following the profiling and areal mapping techniques. The acquired ground‐penetrating radar wave images were processed and interpreted using the available software program to enhance the different reflection characteristics from the subsurface anomalous materials. A series of the three‐dimensional model cross section with variable depths were constructed to identify and characterize different georadar facies changes vertically and laterally. The obtained results were adjusted and compared with the excavated features of the quarry; therefore, ground‐penetrating radar anomalies and reflections were calibrated. In the present study, the ground‐penetrating radar survey succeeded in differentiating between dense limestone rocks, onyx marble and microstructural features resulting from recent tectonism. Moreover, the investigation of ground‐penetrating radar reflection waves is useful in differentiating between low‐ and high‐quality limestone and onyx marble. This study identifies the various features of the limestone plateau lying below the ground surface, west of Assiut, that are to be taken into account by planners when establishing new urban centres on the plateau in the future.