bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correcting unintended changes in electroluminescence perturbation for reliable light intensity modulated spectroscopies
Authors: Alvarez Agustin O , Riquelme Antonio J , Fuentes-Pineda Rosinda , Mas-Marzá Elena , Marsal Lluis F , Almora Osbel , Anta Juan A , Fabregat-Santiago Francisco 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Light intensity modulated photocurrent and photovoltage spectroscopies, IMPS and IMVS respectively, are characterization techniques for studying charge carrier transport and recombination properties of photosensitive samples such as photovoltaic solar cells. In these techniques controlling the modulated light flux is key to obtaining accurate results. Typically, the electroluminescence of the light source is considered frequency-independent and therefore, it may be estimated from the modulated current delivered by the power source. However, some anomalies may appear when the experimental requirements demand large variations in the measurement conditions. Herein, an analysis is presented on the unusual low-frequency response of IMPS and IMVS which appears for some light sources at high illumination intensities. We found that a frequency-dependent modulation of the light source electroluminescence should be accounted for, rather than the traditional steady-state calibration of the setup, as it may affect the accuracy and even produce undesired artifacts during the measurements. A protocol for detecting the modulation of the electroluminescence is proposed, combining the simultaneous use of the IMPS of a reference photodiode and the impedance spectroscopy of the light source. Discerning whether these low-frequency signal ‘tails’ are due to the measurement setup or the sample is of major importance to avoid misinterpretations in any study. This is particularly important for preventing misinterpretations in studies on perovskite solar cells whose instability and ion-conductivity phenomena relate to the low-frequency region of the spectra.
Topological features of polarization ellipse strips built on non-planar contours in the light scattered on a metal nanospheroid
Authors: Yu Kuznetsov N , Grigoriev K S , Makarov V A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Topological properties of optical strips of the vectors determining the polarization ellipse orientation which are constructed on non-planar contours were studied for the electric field reflected from a gold particle of ellipsoidal shape while irradiated by a plane monochromatic wave. The twisting of each optical strip traced near the particle can be characterised by the sum of the intrinsic twist index of the strip and writhe and full geometric torsion coefficients of the bypass contour. It is shown that the intrinsic twist index generally does not exceed half the linking number of the strip with the polarization singularity lines of the scattered near-field. The twists of the strips are localized near three distinct surfaces, converging on the C-line and usually change their directions. It is shown that the intrinsic twist index is the most suitable for the role of the main topological feature of the optical strip.
Ready for LHC Run III: the ATLAS New Small Wheel and the MicroMegas chambers performances
Authors: Mancini G. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The two New Small Wheels (NSW) for the upgrade of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer are now installed in the experiment and ready to collect data in LHC Run III, started in July 2022. The NSW is the largest Phase-1 upgrade project of ATLAS. Its challenging completion and readiness for data taking is a remarkable achievement of the Collaboration. The two wheels (10 meters in diameter) replace the first muon stations in the high-rapidity regions of ATLAS and are equipped with multiple layers of two new detector technologies: the small strips Thin Gap Chambers (sTGC) and the MicroMegas (MM). The latter, belong to the family of Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGD), for the first time used in such a large scale in HEP experiments. Each detector technology will cover more than 1200 m2 of active area. The new system is designed to assure high tracking efficiency, reduction of fake trigger rates and precision measurement of muon tracks, also in view of the higher background environment foreseen for Hi-Lumi LHC. In this presentation, the motivation of the NSW upgrade and the steps from the commissioning to the data taking together with the first results using the Run III data will be presented, focusing on the MicroMegas
performances.
GEM detectors for the CMS endcap muon system: status of three new detector stations
Authors: Verwilligen Piet 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC, or Phase-2 LHC) will deliver proton-proton collisions at 5–7.5 times the nominal LHC luminosity, with an expected number of 140–200 pp-interactions per bunch crossing (Pile-up or PU). To maintain the performance of muon triggering and reconstruction under high background, the forward part of the Muon Spectrometer of the CMS experiment will be upgraded with Gas Electron Multipliers (GEM) and improved Resistive Plate Chambers (iRPC) detectors [1,2]. A first GEM station (GE1/1) was installed during Long Shutdown 2 (LS2, 2019–2021), a 2nd station (GE2/1) of Triple-GEM detectors will be installed in winter 2023–24 and 2024–25, while a new 6-layer station (ME0) will be installed in the third Long Shutdown (LS3, 2026–2028). GE11 is considered an early Phase-2 upgrade as it will reduce the pT
threshold by combining GEM and Cathode Strip Chamber (CSC) hits in the forward muon system at twice the LHC design luminosity (ℒ = 2 · 1034 cm-2 s-1, 50 PU). After a successful start of Run-3 in 2022, with almost 40 fb-1 collected, the commissioning of the GE1/1 detector is nearly complete. Most chambers are operated stably with an efficiency in excess of 95%, next being the demonstration of the combined CSC-GEM trigger in 2023. The lessons learnt with the first large-area GEM station have lead to improvements in detector and electronics design for the Phase 2 detectors GE2/1 and ME0. This proceeding will discuss the progress made since last MPGD Conference (MPGD 2019) [3], discussing the commissioning and early performance of GE1/1; the design improvements and start of construction of GE2/1; and the R&D currently ongoing for ME0.
Improving primary-vertex reconstruction with a minimum-cost lifted multicut graph partitioning algorithm
Authors: Kostyukhin V. , Keuper M. , Ibragimov I. , Owtscharenko N. , Cristinziani M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Particle physics experiments often require the simultaneous
reconstruction of many interaction vertices. Usually, this problem
is solved by ad hoc heuristic algorithms. We propose a universal
approach to address the multiple vertex finding through a principled
formulation as a minimum-cost lifted multicut problem. The suggested
algorithm is tested in a typical LHC environment with multiple
proton-proton interaction vertices. Reconstruction errors caused by
the particle detectors complicate the solution and require the
introduction of special metrics to assess the vertex-finding
performance. We demonstrate that the minimum-cost lifted multicut
approach outperforms heuristic algorithms and works well up to the
highest vertex multiplicity expected at the LHC.
On the number of genealogical ancestors tracing to the source groups of an admixed population
Authors: Mooney Jazlyn A , Agranat-Tamir Lily , Pritchard Jonathan K , Rosenberg Noah A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Members of genetically admixed populations possess ancestry from multiple source groups, and studies of human genetic admixture frequently estimate ancestry components corresponding to fractions of individual genomes that trace to specific ancestral populations. However, the same numerical ancestry fraction can represent a wide array of admixture scenarios within an individual’s genealogy. Using a mechanistic model of admixture, we consider admixture genealogically: how many ancestors from the source populations does the admixture represent? We consider African-Americans, for whom continent-level estimates produce a 75–85% value for African ancestry on average and 15–25% for European ancestry. Genetic studies together with key features of African-American demographic history suggest ranges for parameters of a simple three-epoch model. Considering parameter sets compatible with estimates of current ancestry levels, we infer that if all genealogical lines of a random African-American born during 1960–1965 are traced back until they reach members of source populations, the mean over parameter sets of the expected number of genealogical lines terminating with African individuals is 314 (interquartile range 240–376), and the mean of the expected number terminating in Europeans is 51 (interquartile range 32–69). Across discrete generations, the peak number of African genealogical ancestors occurs in birth cohorts from the early 1700s, and the probability exceeds 50% that at least one European ancestor was born more recently than 1835. Our genealogical perspective can contribute to further understanding the admixture processes that underlie admixed populations. For African-Americans, the results provide insight both on how many of the ancestors of a typical African-American might have been forcibly displaced in the Transatlantic Slave Trade and on how many separate European admixture events might exist in a typical African-American genealogy.
Assessment of Antimicrobial Stewardship through objective structured clinical examination in pharmacy education
Authors: Lim Angelina , Krishnan Sunanthiny S , Blebil Ali Q , Malone Daniel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To describe the implementation and assess whether an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is a viable assessment tool for testing Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) principles.

Methods
A three-station OSCE set in a hospital and community pharmacy was designed and mapped to the World Health Organisation’s AMS intervention practical guide. This OSCE comprised 39 unique cases and was implemented across two campuses (Malaysia and Australia) at one institute. Stations were 8 min long and consisted of problem-solving and applying AMS principles to drug therapy management (Station 1), counselling on key antimicrobials (Station 2) or managing infectious diseases in primary care (Station 3). Primary outcome measure to assess viability was the proportion of students who were able to pass each case.

Key findings
Other than three cases with pass rates of 50, 52.8 and 66. 7%, all cases had pass rates of 75% or more. Students were most confident with referral to medical practitioner cases and switching from intravenous to oral or empirical to directed therapy.

Conclusions
An AMS-based OSCE is a viable assessment tool in pharmacy education. Further research should explore whether similar assessments can help improve students’ confidence at recognising opportunities for AMS intervention in the workplace.
Global Critical Chart for Local Calabi–Yau Threefolds
Authors: Kinjo Tasuki , Masuda Naruki 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate Keller’s deformed Calabi–Yau completion of the derived category of coherent sheaves on a smooth variety. In particular, for an $n$-dimensional smooth variety $Y$, we describe the derived category of the total space of an $\omega _{Y}$-torsor as a certain deformed $(n+1)$-Calabi–Yau completion of the derived category of $Y$. As an application, we investigate the geometry of the derived moduli stack of compactly supported coherent sheaves on a local curve, that is, a Calabi–Yau threefold of the form $\textrm{Tot}_{C}(N)$, where $C$ is a smooth projective curve and $N$ is a rank two vector bundle on $C$. We show that the derived moduli stack is equivalent to the derived critical locus of a function on a certain smooth moduli space. This result will be used by the first author and Naoki Koseki in their joint work on Higgs bundles and Gopakumar–Vafa invariants.
Formation of College Plans: Expected Returns, Preferences, and Adjustment Process
Authors: Azmat Ghazala , Kaufmann Katja Maria 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We exploit a large exogenous shock to study the formation, and updating, of educational plans, and to examine how these plans ultimately impact later educational attainment. Using novel, longitudinal, microdata on cohorts of East German adolescents before and after the German Reunification (a change for the East from state socialism to capitalist democracy), and using differences across cohorts induced by the timing of Reunification, we show that shortly after relative to before that time, college plans among high-school students increased substantially, which was followed by sizable increases in the completion of the college entrance certificate 5 years later. To shed light on the underlying mechanisms, we analyze the elasticity of youths’ beliefs and preferences with respect to the large shock. Perceived educational returns and risk, economic preferences (“consumerism”) and social preferences (“individualism”) adapt quickly and are directly linked to changes in plans and outcomes. Cohorts closer to critical educational junctions at the time of Reunification, however, adjusted their plans to a much lesser extent. While they similarly updated the expected returns to education, they exhibited a slower adjustment in their preferences relative to younger cohorts.
Examining the gut microbiota from several human-biting tick species in Northwestern Spain
Authors: Herrera Giovanny , Vieira Lista María Carmen , Páez-Triana Luisa , Muro Antonio , López-Abán Julio , Muñoz Marina , Ramírez Juan David 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Tick-borne diseases have increased significantly in Europe and Spain in recent years. One strategy explored for tick surveillance and control is the study of the microbiota. The focus is on understanding the relationships between pathogens and endosymbionts within the microbiota and how these relationships can alter these arthropods’ vectorial capacity. Thus, it is pivotal to depict the bacterial communities composing the microbiota of ticks present in specific territories. This work aimed to describe the microbiota present in 29 adult individuals of 5 tick species collected from 4 provinces of Castilla y Leon in northwestern Spain from 2015 to 2022. DNA extraction and sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region of 16S-rRNA was performed on the tick samples, with subsequent analysis of diversity, taxonomic composition, and correlations between genera of microorganisms. There were no differences in the alpha diversity of microbiota by tick species, nor were compositional changes evident at the phylum level for microorganisms. However, interindividual differences at the microbial genus level allowed spatial differentiation of the 5 tick species included in the study. Correlation analyses showed complex interactions between different genera of microbiota members. These findings provide an initial insight into the composition of the gut microbiota of various tick species in northwestern Spain, which can contribute to establishing surveillance and control measures to reduce diseases such as rickettsiosis, Lyme disease, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.
Rickettsial antibodies andRickettsia belliidetection in lagomorphs and their ectoparasites in Northern Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Backus Laura H , López-Pérez Andrés M , Marcek Jacob , Shultz Laura , Zazueta Oscar E , Shooter Savannah , Foley Janet 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLagomorphs—principally rabbits and hares—have been implicated as hosts for vectors and reservoirs for pathogens associated with multiple rickettsial diseases. Western North America is home to diverse rickettsial pathogens which circulate among multiple wild and domestic hosts and tick and flea vectors. The purpose of this study was to assess lagomorphs and their ectoparasites in 2 locations in northern Baja California, Mexico, for exposure to and infection with rickettsial organisms. In total, 55 desert cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus audubonii) (Baird) and 2 black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus) (Gray) were captured. In Mexicali, ticks were collected from 44% (14/32) of individuals, and were exclusively Haemaphysalis leporispalustrisNeumann (Acari: Ixodidae); in Ensenada, ticks were collected from 70% (16/23) individuals, and 95% were Dermacentor parumapertus. Euhoplopsyllus glacialis affinisBaker (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) fleas were collected from 72% of rabbits and 1 jackrabbit from Mexicali, while the few fleas found on hosts in Ensenada were Echidnophaga gallinaceaWestwood (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) and Cediopsylla inaequalis(Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). Rickettsia bellii was the only rickettsial organism detected and was identified in 88% of D. parumapertus and 67% of H. leporispalustris ticks from Ensenada. A single tissue sample from a jackrabbit was positive for R. belli (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae). Hosts in Ensenada had a significantly higher prevalence of rickettsial antibodies than hosts in Mexicali (52.3% vs. 21.4%). Although R. bellii is not regarded as pathogenic in humans or other mammals, it may contribute to immunity to other rickettsiae. The marked difference in distribution of ticks, fleas, and rickettsial exposure between the 2 locations suggests that disease transmission risk may vary markedly between communities within the same region.
Larvicidal constituents from Poncirus trifoliata root extracts
Authors: Meepagala Kumudini M , Estep Alden S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the search for effective and environmentally friendly mosquito control agents, we have examined natural sources, such as microbes and plants, and the synthetic analogs of natural products. These plants and microbes have evolved in their ecological niches to produce defensive compounds against other competing organisms in their surroundings such as microbes, plants, and insects as a means to enhance their survival. Thus, some of these plants and microbes have bioactive compounds with insecticidal, fungicidal, and phytotoxic activities. In our previous research, we successfully isolated bioactive constituents from natural sources. We have carried out synthetic modifications and total synthesis of marginally active isolated compounds to achieve significantly higher active compounds. We have focused on plants in the Rutaceae family as the members of this family are known to possess bioactive compounds with algicidal, antifungal, insecticidal, and fungicidal activities. In this article, we report the isolation and structure elucidation of mosquito larvicidal constituents from Poncirus trifoliata (Rutaceae) root extract.
Machine learning for image-based multi-omics analysis of leaf veins
Authors: Zhang Yubin , Zhang Ning , Chai Xiujuan , Sun Tan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVeins are a critical component of the plant growth and development system, playing an integral role in supporting and protecting leaves, as well as transporting water, nutrients, and photosynthetic products. A comprehensive understanding of the form and function of veins requires a dual approach that combines plant physiology with cutting-edge image recognition technology. The latest advancements in computer vision and machine learning have facilitated the creation of algorithms that can identify vein networks and explore their developmental progression. Here, we review the functional, environmental, and genetic factors associated with vein networks, along with the current status of research on image analysis. In addition, we discuss the methods of venous phenotype extraction and multi-omics association analysis using machine learning technology, which could provide a theoretical basis for improving crop productivity by optimizing the vein network architecture.
Survival of different microbial strains in pure and diluted tattoo inks
Authors: Briancesco Rossella , Paduano Stefania , Paradiso Rosa , Semproni Maurizio , Bonadonna Lucia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Several microorganisms can be found in tattoo inks injected into the skin, despite the ink matrix being considered inhospitable to microbial growth. Studies on the microbial quality of tattoo inks have reported the presence of microorganisms in most of the samples. This study aimed to assess the survival of environmental and human microbial species, selected on the specific criteria, in tattoo inks. Undiluted sterile black ink and serial dilutions (10-fold/100-fold) were each separately seeded with four bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumilus, Mycobacterium fortuitum), one yeast (Candida albicans), and one mould (Fusarium solani). Their survival was periodically tested using cultural methods. No tested microorganisms were able to survive in undiluted ink, except for B. pumilus that survived up to 3 weeks. All the tested species, except for S. aureus, showed survivability for up to 10 weeks in 100-fold diluted inks, and P. aeruginosa, M. fortuitum, and C. albicans were even able to grow. B. pumilus and F. solani had good rates of survival even at the smallest dilution. The ability of microorganisms to survive and grow in tattoo inks could have health implications if contaminated ink dilutions are used during tattooing practices and stored for a long time.
How do Smokers in a Snus-Prevalent Society Consider E-cigarettes, Snus, and Nicotine Replacement Therapy Products as Relevant Replacements for Cigarettes in the Event They Should Stop Smoking?
Authors: Vedøy Tord Finne , Lund Karl Erik 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Around 50 percent of the tobacco in Norway is consumed in the form of snus, a smokeless oral tobacco. We examined Norwegian smokers’ openness, and thereby the potential reach, to use e-cigarettes, nicotine replacement therapy products (NRT), and snus in the event of quitting smoking, in a society where snus use is common.

Methods
Using data from an online survey of 4073 smokers from 2019 to 2021, we calculated predicted probabilities of smokers’ being open, undecided, and not open to use e-cigarettes, snus, and NRT in the event they should quit smoking.

Results
Among daily smokers, the probability of being open to use e-cigarettes in the event of quitting smoking was .32. The corresponding probabilities for using snus and NRT were .22 and .19. Snus was the product with the highest probability of not being open (.60). NRT had the highest probability of being undecided (.39). Among smokers who had never used e-cigarettes or snus, the probabilities of being open were .13 for e-cigarettes, .02 for snus and .11 for NRT.

Conclusions
In a snus-friendly norm climate where smokers have traditionally used snus as an alternative to cigarettes, the probability of using e-cigarettes in the event of smoking cessation was higher compared to both snus and NRT. However, among smokers who had never used e-cigarettes or snus, the likelihood of being open to use of NRT was similar to e-cigarettes, and higher than snus, which suggests that NRT may still play a role in smoking cessation.

Implications
In a snus-prevalent country in the endgame phase of the cigarette epidemic, where robust infrastructure for tobacco control in combination with the availability of snus has reduced smoking to a minimum, the remaining smokers seem to prefer e-cigarettes to snus if they should quit smoking. This indicates that availability of several nicotine alternatives might increase the likelihood of a future product replacement within the small group of remaining smokers.