bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical and topographical characteristics of the eye in the early stages of primary angle closure disease
Authors: Kurysheva N. I. , Sharova G. A. 
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE. To determine the anatomical and topographic features of the anterior and posterior segments of the eye in primary angle closure (PAC) and compare them with those in the primary angle closure suspects (PACs) and in controls.METHODS. This prospective study included 120 patients aged 41 to 80 years (60 eyes — PAC, 30 — PACs, 30 eyes — without ophthalmic pathology). The studied parameters included spherical equivalent (SE), intraocular pressure (IOP), choroidal thickness in the fovea (CTf), axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens volume (LV), iris curvature and its thickness, anterior chamber angle profile: AOD500, AOD750, TISA500, TISA750.RESULTS. The PAC eyes differed from the control eyes by increased SE, LV, IOP, iris curvature, CTf, reduced ACD, AL, and the anterior chamber profile (AOD500, AOD750, TISA500, TISA750) in vertical sectors (p<0.01). Iris thickness was comparable between the groups.The PAC eyes differed from the PACs by increased SE, LV, IOP, reduced ACD, AL, AOD500 in the superior sector, and the profile of the anterior chamber angle in the inferior sector (p<0.01). Iris thickness, its curvature, as well as the profile of the anterior chamber in the upper sector and CTf were comparable.Threshold values that distinguish the PAC eyes and the PACs were determined: LV — 0.656 mm, AOD500 — 0.131 mm, TISA500 — 0.051 mm2, TISA750 — 0.093 mm2 in the lower sector and IOP 21 mm Hg. In the multifactor model adjusted for age, gender and AL, a negative correlation of iris thickness with CTf was established both in the PAC eyes and the PACs (all p<0.01), but not in the controls (all p>0.01). CONCLUSION. Parameters of the PAC eyes and the PACs significantly differ from the norm. LV and the anterior chamber profile in the inferior sector are the most informative for differentiating the PAC eyes from the PACs. Negative correlation between the iris and the choroidal thickness suggests that the choroid plays a role in the pathogenesis of primary angle closure disease.
RECRUTEMENT DES AGENTS AU SEIN DE LA DIRECTION GENERALE DES RECETTES DU MANIEMA : RATIONALITE OU ALLEGEANCE POLITIQUE ?
Authors: Pauni Mussa Alain , Omolela Selemani Justin , Enoka Bakombo Christophe , Djuma Kalonda Rashidi , Okandju Masangu Erick 
Published: March 2023

Le progrès d’un appareil administratif repose essentiellement sur la qualité des personnes qui l’animent. Cela étant, le recrutement du personnel doit être rationnel en vue de faire acquérir les agents compétents, spécialistes en matière de gestion des services publics de l’Etat. C’est dans cette perspective que nous nous sommes engagés dans cette analyse, sur base d’un diagnostic, de qualifier le recrutement des agents au sein de la Direction Générale des Recettes du Maniema étant donné que son fonctionnement en dépend.
A l’analyse de cette analyse, il s’est constaté que le recrutement des agents au sein de la Direction Générale des Recettes du Maniema est émaillé d’une pile d’irrégularités. En conséquence, il n’est pas rationnel, mais est l’émanation d’une allégeance politique, car la quasi-totalité des agents sont recrutés en fonction d’une subjectivité absolue.
La motivación en la lectura para el desarrollo de la creatividad en niños de básica elemental
Authors: Cedeño Salavarria Dania Elizabeth , Jama Zambrano Víctor Reinaldo 
Published: March 2023

La lectura es una fuente insuperable para adquirir nuevos conocimientos, su incesante declive ha dado pie a la elaboración de este estudio; cuyo problema se evidencia en el escaso interés por la lectura y el deficiente desarrollo del proceso lector, debido a factores como la falta de motivación a la lectura, escasas aplicaciones de técnicas y estrategias lectoras por parte de los docentes, y el limitado aporte de los padres de familia, por lo tanto el objetivo del estudio es indagar la importancia de la motivación en la lectura para el desarrollo de la creatividad en los estudiantes de la básica elemental de la Escuela de Educación Básica “Enrique Delgado Coppiano” del cantón Chone en el año 2022. La metodología aplicada fue de enfoque cuantitativo, el tipo de estudio fue bibliográfica y de campo, siendo de nivel descriptivo, utilizando el método inductivos-deductivo y analítico-sintético, con apoyo de técnicas como la entrevista y test. Los resultados del estudio están evidenciados en el grupo muestral concluyendo lo siguientes: los estudiantes si se muestran motivados por la lectura, no obstante, los docentes desconocen técnicas y estrategias para impulsar la motivación y creatividad del alumnado, respecto a la valoración del último elemento mencionado los niños y niñas presentan una mejor capacidad verbal que figurativa.
O uso do Instagram para a Promoção da Saúde: Uma Contribuição da Extensão Universitária
Authors: Roso Lucas Daniel Cibolli , Nunes Sabrina Ranielly Félix , Lima Ludmilla Roberta de , Cunha Angélica Dumont , Ferreira Gabriela Fernanda , Costa Magnania Cristiane Pereira da , Reis Maria Letícia Costa , Campos Fernanda Fraga 
Published: March 2023

O objetivo deste trabalho foi mostrar o uso do Instagram como ferramenta para promover a extensão universitária no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19. O trabalho foi conduzido de forma remota com reuniões pelo Google Meet e WhatsApp. O público-alvo foram os profissionais, professores e estudantes da área da saúde e população geral. Foram realizadas duas postagens semanais na forma de folders ou vídeos e duas lives no período de um ano. A conta do projeto na rede Instagram, após um ano, possuía 353 seguidores e 2.003 engajamentos. Foram realizadas 106 publicações, entre estas 80,2% (85) folders digitais e 19,8% (21) vídeos. O principal tema dos folders foi Covid-19, seguido por microrganismos e higiene das mãos. O tema Covid-19 passou a ser o foco das publicações devido ao contexto da pandemia. No Dia Mundial de Higienização das Mãos foi postado um vídeo sobre higienização simples das mãos. Devido à promoção desta postagem, ela teve 60 engajamentos e alcance de 32.720 perfis. De acordo com as estimativas do Instagram, o público do projeto apresenta em sua maioria mulheres 63,4% (224), de 25 a 34 anos, 35,8% (126) e residentes no Brasil 99,3% (351). A rede social Instagram pode estar integrada à extensão universitária auxiliando na disseminação de informações de forma confiável e levando conhecimento básico e técnico para o seu público. Para aumentar o engajamento e alcance das publicações seria interessante investimentos em recursos financeiros para promover os conteúdos.
Predictors of Academic Productivity Among Spine Surgeons
Authors: Lambrechts Mark J. , Heard Jeremy C. , Lee Yunsoo A. , D'Antonio Nicholas D. , Crawford Zachary , Issa Tariq Z. , Boere Payton , Clements Ari , Mangan John J. , Canseco Jose A. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Kepler Christopher K. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Schroeder Gregory D. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
The relationship between research productivity in training and future productivity as an attending spine surgeon is not well-established in the literature nor has the effect of geographic location of training institutions on future academic success been investigated. The aim of our study was to (1) summarize characteristics of academically productive spine surgeons, (2) assess predictors of long-term academic productivity, and (3) establish the effect of geographic location on long-term academic productivity.

Methods:
A query was conducted of the 2021 to 2022 North American Spine Society Spine Fellowship Directory of all orthopaedic and neurosurgical spine fellowship selection committee members for each institution participating in the spine fellowship match. The attending publication rate and h-index were determined. A multivariate linear regression model was developed. P value was set to <0.05.

Results:
We identified 310 orthopaedic and neurosurgical spine surgeons, representing 76 fellowship programs. Multivariate linear regression analysis identified that the publications during residency (P < 0.001) and during fellowship (P < 0.001) were significant predictors of an increased publication rate as an attending surgeon. By contrast, the preresidency publication rate (P = 0.729) was not significantly predictive of the attending publication rate. Multivariate analysis of h-index found that residency publication rate had a positive correlation (P = 0.031) compared with preresidency (P = 0.579) or fellowship (P = 0.257) rates. Attendings who had attended residency in the Northeast and currently practicing in the Northeast had a higher publication rate (P < 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively).

Discussion:
A higher number of publications in residency and fellowship were markedly predictive of an increased publication rate as an attending spine surgeon. By contrast, preresidency publications may not be indicative of future academic productivity as an attending. Location may also contribute to attending publication rate and favor those who undergo residency training and ultimately practice in the Northeast.
The protection of the EU financial interests between administrative and criminal tools: OLAF and EPPO
Authors: De Bellis Maurizia , Bellacosa Maurizio 
Published: March 2023

The article argues that both administrative and criminal tools are necessary for the protection of EU financial interests and that the mechanisms of cooperation between OLAF and the EPPO are suitable to foster a functioning collaboration. However, criticisms still emerge, both on the functioning of OLAF, and as regards operational activities of the EPPO and its cooperation with national prosecutors. Guarantees for private parties involved in administrative and criminal investigations cannot be ignored, and several shortcomings in the system of judicial protection need to be addressed. Effectiveness of the system and protection of guarantees should not be considered separate, especially in the context of the challenges that Next Generation EU (NGEU) raises for the protection of EU financial interests. Guarantees such as legal certainty and independence of the judiciary, are basic tenets of the rule of law, which, as set out in the Conditionality Regulation and further clarified by the ECJ, is in itself a condition for effectively protecting EU financial interests.
European Anti-Fraud Office, OLAF, European Public Prosecutor Office, EPPO, protection of EU financial interests, institutional cooperation, EU criminal law, legal certainty, judicial protection
The EU and the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: The Forty-Four-Day War and Its Aftermath
Authors: Ghazaryan Narine 
Published: March 2023

The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan has long troubled the European Union’s (EU’s) neighbourhood. As a latecomer to the region, the EU played no role in the conflict in the 1990s. The subsequent establishment of bilateral relations with Armenia and Azerbaijan, including a closer engagement through the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) did not herald any significant changes in this respect. The bilateral relations with both countries advanced despite the military build-up, hostile rhetoric and periodic fighting. When another war erupted in September 2020, the EU was strikingly absent from the international scene in stark contrast to its rhetoric and pledges of the last two decades. Meanwhile, the Russian-brokered ceasefire did not resolve the conflict and led to further aggression demanding a more hands-on approach by the EU. In a welcome development, the EU undertook various efforts to engage the parties in a continuous dialogue for resolving the outstanding issues. In this context, the article argues for a more enhanced role of the EU in resolving this conflict based on a principled position in line with EU values and respect for international law.
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, Armenia, Azerbaijan, EU, European Neighbourhood Policy, OSCE Minsk Group
The Fairness Principle: A Tool to Protect Childrens Rights in Their Interaction with Emotional AI in Educational Settings
Authors: Atabey Ayça , Scarff Robbie 
Published: March 2023

Emotional artificial intelligence (EAI) is increasingly being used in educational settings. This raises several contentious issues regarding children’s rights and freedoms. This article evaluates the impact of EAI on children’s rights, focusing on freedom of thought (FoT), non-discrimination, privacy, and data protection. These rights are evaluated in turn before focusing on the fairness principle in Article 5(1)(a) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), an ‘underutilized’ principle that lies at the heart of the United Kingdom (UK) Age-Appropriate Design Code’s standard: best interests of the child. We argue that the use of EAI in education contexts contradicts the fairness principle and that EAI represents a potentially serious threat to children’s rights to FoT, non-discrimination, privacy, and data protection and is an issue which requires urgent attention from policymakers and regulators in the UK.
Fairness, Emotional Artificial Intelligence, GDPR, Privacy, Freedom of Thought, Education
Article: Pillar 2, Tax Competition, and Low Income Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Perry Victoria 
Published: March 2023

This article explores the implications of Pillar 2 of the G20/OECD Inclusive Framework Blueprint for global tax reform on tax incentives and tax competition in the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It addresses both the impact of the minimum effective tax developed under the Global Anti-Base Erosion (GloBE) model rules, and of the Subject to Tax Rule (STTR) for limited modification of existing bi-lateral tax treaties between SSA countries and various treaty partners. In the GloBE context the article examines the interaction of the substance-based income exclusion (SBIE), the qualified domestic minimum tax (DMT) and existing domestic turnover based minimum taxes in the region, and the proposed qualified refundable tax credit (QRTC) rules. In regard to the STTR it looks at the incentives, or lack thereof, for treaty renegotiation in the existing context of multi-national tax planning and income stripping. The article concludes that SSA countries should, if Pillar 2 is ultimately implemented by a critical mass of advanced countries, adopt the qualified domestic minimum top up tax (QDMTT), as proposed in the December 2021 promulgation of the detailed GloBE rules. The benefits of other actions, such as the adoption of QRTCs, or treaty renegotiation under the proposed STTR, are more ambiguous. Pillar 2 would introduce important fundamental changes to the international tax architecture, through agreement, at least, that there should be some limits on tax competition and profit shifting. It is, though, a far cry from the 15% minimum tax on corporate profits generally portrayed. The highly complex exceptions and structure explored in the article illustrate both the technical and political difficulties involved in attempting to stem the erosion of the global corporate profits tax.
Corporate tax, International tax, Minimum taxation, Pillar 2
Article: Pillar Two and the Accounting Standards
Authors: Eberhartinger Eva , Winkler Georg 
Published: March 2023

Global minimum taxation under Pillar Two establishes a link to financial statements, in particular with regard to the revenue threshold, to the calculation of the effective tax rate (ETR), and to carve-outs. This article discusses in detail these links and possible incentives, adverse effects and opportunities for improvement. It suggests that Pillar Two incentivizes multinational enterprises (MNEs) to prepare their individual and consolidated financial statements for tax purposes by using the discretionary leeway inherent in accounting standards. In particular they may use such discretion to report lower revenues to avoid falling within the scope, to report profits at the lower margin and tax expense at the higher margin to show a sufficiently high ETR and to adapt their financial accounting measurement to keep the top-up tax low by using tangible asset carve-outs based on financial statements. In consequence, the quality of financial reporting and capital allocation may be impaired. In addition, the acceptance of almost all common accounting standards under Pillar Two incentivizes generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) competition between countries. The authors conclude that connecting Pillar Two to financial statements has adverse effects from both a tax and an accounting perspective. An improvement of existing tax rules to combat tax avoidance, as started with the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project, seems preferable.
Pillar Two, GloBE, Minimum Taxation, Accounting Standards, IFRS, Financial Statements
Government Procurement Defence Under GATT 1994 Article III:8(a): A Critical Review of the Turkey-Pharmaceutical Products Dispute
Authors: Yun Mikyung 
Published: March 2023

This article critically reviews the Turkey-Pharmaceutical Products Dispute, focusing on the question of whether Turkey’s drug insurance reimbursement scheme can be regarded as government procurement, which would allow Turkey’s drug production localization policy to be exempt from national treatment obligation. Both the panel (on the account that there was no ownership by the government) and the arbitrators (on the account that there was insufficient control of pharmaceutical products subject to the dispute), ruled against Turkey’s government procurement defence. In contrast, this article argues that given rising health costs and repeated global pandemics which compel governments to build up sufficient national production capability of health products to facilitate timely supply of medical products, it would be desirable to take a broad approach towards interpreting the scope of Article III:8(a) with respect to the pharmaceutical sector, granting greater policy space for member governments.
pharmaceuticals, government procurement, national treatment, Article III:8(a) derogation, drug insurance reimbursement, domestic localization policy, health policy, Turkey
تأثير تمرينات تطبيقية اللاهوائية على تطوير بعض القدرات البدنية الخاصة ومستوى الانجاز الرقمي للاعبات الوثب الطويل تحت 20 سنة
Authors: حيدر عبد الزهرة ربيط  
Published: March 2023

ان التقدم العلمي الحديث بأعداد تمرينات تطبيقية اللاهوائية لتطوير القدرات البدنية وحسب الشدة المستعملة في التدريب وبشكل يتناسب وحاجة كل قدرة بدنية من حيث التكيف بالجهد البدني، وفعالية الوثب الطويل احدى هذه الفعاليات التي تتطلب مواصفات وقدرات بدنية خاصة غايتها تحقيق افضل الانجازات, حيث تتحدد مشكلة البحث في ان الانجاز للاعبات في فعالية الوثب الطويل لا يرقى الى المستويات المقبولة، نتيجة لضعف في القدرات البدنية، عليه اصبح من غير الممكن ان تتطور هذه و القدرات وكذا الانجاز في فعالية الوثب الطويل الا من خلال التدريب المنظم، ويهدف البحث اعداد تمرينات تطبيقية اللاهوائية في تطوير بعض القدرات البدنية والانجاز في المستوى الرقمي للاعبات الوثب الطويل تحت 20 سنة، واستخدم الباحث المنهج التجريبي بالاختبار القبلي والبعدي للمجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة لملائمته لطبيعة البحث، وتم تحديد مجتمع البحث لاعبات الوثب الطويل المدرسة التخصصية لرعاية الموهبة في للموسم الرياضي 2022, والبالغ عددهن (20لاعبة)، اذ تم اختيار عينة البحث بأسلوب الحصر الشامل وقسمت العينة الى مجموعتين التجريبية والمجموعة الضابطة وبواقع ( 10 لاعبات) لكل مجموعة وتم تطبيق تمرينات تطبيقية اللاهوائية ولمدة ثمانية أسابيع وبواقع ثلاث وحدات تدريبية في الأسبوع الواحد واستخدم الباحث الحقيبة الاحصائية (SPSS) لمعالجة البيانات وتوصل الباحث إلى أهم الاستنتاجات ان تمرينات تطبيقية اللاهوائية اثرا في تحسين تطوير بعض القدرات البدنية والانجاز في المستوى الرقمي للاعبات الوثب الطويل تحت 20 سنة
Rechtvaardige én billijke straftoemeting
Authors: Buruma Y. (Ybo) 
Published: March 2023

Rechtvaardige én billijke straftoemeting
Er is verschil tussen straftoemeting die streeft naar rechtvaardigheid, waarbij gelijke gevallen gelijk worden behandeld, en straftoemeting die streeft naar billijkheid, waarbij ieder het zijne krijgt gezien de omstandigheden van het geval en de persoon van de dader. De auteur bespreekt hoe in de loop van de geschiedenis de zwaartepunten bij die billijkheidsafweging zijn verschoven. Belangrijker nog dan het verbeteren van de LOVS-oriëntatiepunten vindt hij het oefenen met de dilemma’s die samenhangen met het perspectief van de billijkheid.
Penyuluhan kesehatan pentingnya menjaga kesehatan alat reproduksi
Authors: Wardiyah Aryanti , Aryanti Lidya , Marliyana Marliyana , Oktaliana Oktaliana , Khoirudin Parid , Dea Mutia Ade 
Published: March 2023

Pendahuluan: Sistem Reroduksi Pria meliputi organ-organ reproduksi, spermatogenesis dan hormon pada pria, Sistem reproduksi wanita meliputi organ reproduksi, oogenesis, hormon pada wanita, fertilisasi, kehamilan, persalinan dan laktasi. Kesehatan reproduksi merupakan suatu keadaan sejahtera fisik, mental dan sosial secara utuh, tidak semata-mata bebas dari penyakit atau kecacatan dalam semua hal yang berkaitan dengan sistim reproduksi, serta fungsi dan prosesnya. - Remaja atau adolescence, berasal dari bahasa latin adolescere yang berarti tumbuh ka arah kematangan. Kematangan yang dimaksud adalah bukan hanya kematangan fisik saja, tetapi juga kematangan sosial dan psikologis
Tujuan: Responden dapat mengetahui dan memahami tentang pentingnya menjaga kesehatan alat reproduksi
Metode: Pelaksanaan metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan 2 tahap, yaitu pertama mahasiswa profesi ners menjelaskan tentang pentingnya menjaga kesehatan alat reproduksi dan ke dua setelah diberikan penyuluhan manajemen nyeri menggunakan lembar bolak balik, responden diberikan Tanya jawab tentang pentingnya menjaga kesehatan alat reproduksi
Hasil: Responden memahami tentang pentingnya menjaga kesehatan alat reproduksi
Simpulan: responden dapat mengetahui tentang pentingnya menjaga kesehatan alat reproduksi
Penyuluhan kesehatan senam rematik lansia
Authors: Desmonika Cindy , Liasari Deny Eka , Prasetyo Renggo 
Published: March 2023

Pendahuluan: Senam rematik merupakan salah satu metode yang praktis dan efektif dalam memelihara kesehatan tubuh. Gerakan yang terkandung dalam senam rematik adalah gerakan yang sangat efektif, efisien, dan logis karena rangkaian gerakannya dilakukan secara teratur dan terorganisasi bagi penderita rematik
Tujuan: Responden dapat mengetahui dan memahami tentang senam rematik pada lansia
Metode: Pelaksanaan metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan 2 tahap, yaitu pertama mahasiswa profesi ners menjelaskan tentang senam rematik pada lansia dan ke dua setelah diberikan penyuluhan, responden diberikan Tanya jawab tentang senam rematik pada lansia
Hasil: responden dapat mengetahui tentang senam rematik lansia
Simpulan: responden dapat memahami tentang senam rematik pada lansia