bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Static Characteristics of Water-Lubricated Hydrodynamic Spiral-Groove Journal and Thrust Bearings for Motorized Spindle
Authors: Huang Xun , Xu Ge , Jiang Shuyun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Oil-lubricated hydrodynamic bearing is a typical support for motorized spindle. However, a motorized spindle supported by the oil-lubricated hydrodynamic bearing has disadvantages regarding high-temperature rise and low rotational speed. To overcome this problem, this technical brief proposes novel water-lubricated hydrodynamic spiral groove bearings for the motorized spindle. A rotor-bearing static model for the motorized spindle was established considering the external loads and the tilting effect of bearings. An experimental prototype for the motorized spindle was developed, and the theoretical calculation and experimental research on the bearing static characteristics were carried out. The result shows that the water-lubricated hydrodynamic spiral groove bearings have significant advantages in terms of low-temperature rise, good high-speed performance, and moderate spindle stiffness, together with the inherent low manufacture cost and high rotation accuracy of the bearings, and the proposed bearings can be a potential alternative to the fluid bearing for the high-speed motorized spindle.
Tailoring the Toughening Effects in Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites
Authors: Liu Xing , Athanasiou Christos E. , López-Pernía Cristina , Zhu Ting , Padture Nitin P. , Sheldon Brian W. , Gao Huajian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) reinforced by two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have shown extraordinary load-carrying capacities, even in the harsh environments required by emerging applications. Their exceptional mechanical performance, especially fracture toughness, primarily arises from their heterogeneous microstructures. The deliberate dispersion of 2D reinforcements enables toughening mechanisms that are extrinsic to the matrix and thus endows the composites with substantial resistance to catastrophic failure. However, the incomplete understanding of the fracture behavior of such nanocomposites, especially the complex energy dissipation process of the matrix/reinforcement interface, limits the development of stronger and tougher CMCs. To overcome these limitations, we investigate crack deflection and energy dissipation in nanocomposites using an extended cohesive shear-lag model. This new model accounts for interfacial debonding and friction, which critically control the toughening of nanocomposites. Our analysis provides mechanistic insights for optimizing the toughening effects of CMCs.
Osmotic Pressure Gradient Effects on Water Diffusion in Porous Rock: Can They Pervert Permeability Tests?
Authors: Bažant Zdeněk P. , Tay Nguyen Anh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Generation of a large network of hydraulic cracks is of key importance not only for the success of fracking of shale but also for the recent scheme of sequestration of CO2 in deep formations of basalt and peridotite, which are mafic and ultramafic rocks that combine chemically with CO2. In numerical simulation of the creation of a fracture network in porous rock, an important goal is to enhance the rock permeability. The objective of this article is to calculate the effect of osmotic pressure gradients caused by gradients of concentration of the ions of Ca, Mg, Na, etc. on the effective permeability of the rock. The basic differential equations are formulated, and their explicit solutions for appropriate initial and boundary conditions are obtained under certain plausible simplifications. The main result is explicit approximate formulas for the critical time before which no water permeation through a test specimen can be observed. Depending on various parameters, this time can be unacceptably long, which is manifested as a zero water outflow. The solution may also explain the unreasonably small permeability values reported for some shales.
Immediate Effects of Real-Time Feedback During Overground Gait Performed Using Inertial Measurement Units on Gait Parameters in Healthy Young Participants: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Miyazaki Takasuke , Takeshita Yasufumi , Shimose Daichi , Kakimoto Shogo , Araki Sota , Matsuzawa Yuta , Nakashima Shobu , Nakai Yuki , Kawada Masayuki , Kiyama Ryoji 
Published: July 2023

This cross-sectional study examined the immediate effects of four types of real-time feedback during overground gait performed using inertial measurement units on gait kinematics in healthy young participants. Twelve healthy young participants (mean age: 27.1 years) performed 60-s gait trials with each of the following real-time feedback: walking spontaneously (no feedback trial); increasing the ankle plantar-flexion angle during the late stance (ankle trial); increasing the leg extension angle, defined the location of the ankle joint relative to the hip joint in the sagittal plane, during late stance (leg trial); and increasing the knee flexion angle during the swing phase (knee trial). Tilt angles and accelerations of the pelvis and lower limb segments were measured using seven inertial measurement units pre- and postfeedback trials. The differences in gait parameters pre- and postfeedback according to the types of feedback were compared using one-factor repeated-measures analysis of variance, Friedman test, and post hoc test. Real-time feedback in the ankle trial increased gait speed, step length, and ankle plantar-flexion angle compared to the no feedback trial (p ≤ .001). Meanwhile, real-time feedback in the leg trial increased step length and hip extension angle compared to the no feedback trial (p ≤ .001) and showed a tendency to increase gait speed and leg extension angle. Real-time feedback using inertial measurement units increased gait speed immediately with specific changes in gait kinematics in healthy participants. This study might imply the possibility of clinical application for overground gait training, and further studies are needed to clarify the effectiveness for older people.
Severe encephalitis: aetiology, management and outcomes over 10 years in a paediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Palmas Giordano , Duke Trevor 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo describe the characteristics, differential diagnoses, management and outcomes of severe encephalitis in children.DesignA 10-year retrospective cohort study in children admitted to a tertiary paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with suspected encephalitis. One to 6 months’ follow-up data were compared between different categories.ParticipantsPatients from 0 to 17 years of age with acute encephalopathy and one or more of fever, seizure, focal neurological findings, cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities, EEG/neuroimaging consistent with encephalitis.Main outcome measuresEpidemiology, clinical features, outcomes and risk factor analysis.Results175 children with encephalitis required intensive care unit (ICU) admission over 10 years. The median age was 4.5 months (IQR 1.6–54.8). The leading cause was enterovirus (n=49, 28%), followed by parechovirus, influenza, herpes simplex virus (HSV), human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6),Streptococcus pneumoniae, acute-disseminated encephalomyelitis and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor-associated encephalitis. Immune-mediated encephalitis had higher prevalence in females, older age and longer duration of encephalopathy. Mechanical ventilation was required by 74 children (42%); haemodynamic support by 28 children (16%), 3 received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Eleven patients died (case fatality rate 6.3%): five with HHV-6, two enterovirus, two influenza, one HSV, one human-metapneumovirus. At follow-up, 34 children had mild or moderate disability, and six severe disability. In a multivariable logistic regression model, three factors were associated with severe disability or death: age <2 years old (OR 8.2, CI 1.0 to 67.2), Herpesviridae aetiology (OR 14.5, CI 1.2 to 177.3) and length of intubation (OR 1.005, CI 1.00 to 1.01).ConclusionsEncephalitis has a varied aetiology and causes death or severe disability in 1 in every 10 children requiring intensive care.
Roseburia intestinalisgenerated butyrate boosts anti-PD-1 efficacy in colorectal cancer by activating cytotoxic CD8+T cells
Authors: Kang Xing , Liu Changan , Ding Yanqiang , Ni Yunbi , Ji Fenfen , Lau Harry Cheuk Hay , Jiang Lanping , Sung Joseph JY , Wong Sunny H , Yu Jun 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveRoseburia intestinalisis a probiotic species that can suppress intestinal inflammation by producing metabolites. We aimed to study the role ofR. intestinalisin colorectal tumourigenesis and immunotherapy.DesignR. intestinalisabundance was evaluated in stools of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) (n=444) and healthy controls (n=575). The effects ofR. intestinaliswere studied inApcMin/+or azoxymethane (AOM)-induced CRC mouse models, and in syngeneic mouse xenograft models of CT26 (microsatellite instability (MSI)-low) or MC38 (MSI-high). The change of immune landscape was evaluated by multicolour flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry staining. Metabolites were profiled by metabolomic profiling.ResultsR. intestinaliswas significantly depleted in stools of patients with CRC compared with healthy controls.R. intestinalisadministration significantly inhibited tumour formation inApcMin/+mice, which was confirmed in mice with AOM-induced CRC.R. intestinalisrestored gut barrier function as indicated by improved intestinal permeability and enhanced expression of tight junction proteins. Butyrate was identified as the functional metabolite generated byR. intestinalis. R. intestinalisor butyrate suppressed tumour growth by inducing cytotoxic granzyme B+, interferon (IFN)-γ+and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α+CD8+T cells in orthotopic mouse models of MC38 or CT26.R. intestinalisor butyrate also significantly improved antiprogrammed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) efficacy in mice bearing MSI-low CT26 tumours. Mechanistically, butyrate directly bound to toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) receptor on CD8+T cells to induce its activity through activating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling.ConclusionR. intestinalisprotects against colorectal tumourigenesis by producing butyrate, which could also improve anti-PD-1 efficacy by inducing functional CD8+T cells.R. intestinalisis a potential adjuvant to augment anti-PD-1 efficacy against CRC.
Association between cigarette sales in the USA and FDA’s announcement of its intention to prohibit menthol as a characterising flavour in cigarettes
Authors: Xue Zheng , Okitondo Christian , Asare Samuel , Bandi Priti , Patel Minal , Nargis Nigar 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
On 29 April 2021, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced its intention to prohibit menthol as a characterising flavour in cigarettes.

Methods
We assessed the changes in cigarette sales associated with the FDA’s announcement using interrupted time series analysis based on monthly retail point-of-sale data on cigarettes from the NielsenIQ Local Trade Area (LTA) data from September 2019 to April 2022. Main outcome variables included LTA-level monthly menthol and non-menthol cigarette sales per 1000-persons.

Results
Monthly cigarette sales were declining before the FDA’s announcement (menthol vs non-menthol: −1.68 (95% CI −1.92, −1.45) vs −3.14 (95% CI −3.33, −2.96) packs per 1000-persons). Monthly menthol cigarette sales increased immediately in May 2021 after the FDA’s announcement by 6.44 packs per 1000-persons (95% CI 3.83, 9.05). Analysis stratified by LTA-level racial/ethnic compositions showed that LTAs with a relatively higher proportion of non-Hispanic Black population (>8.94%) experienced higher spike in menthol cigarette sales in May 2021 immediately after the announcement and higher post-announcement 12-month menthol cigarette sales than expected.

Conclusions
Areas with a relatively higher proportion of non-Hispanic Black population are potentially at risk of experiencing increased burden of menthol cigarette consumption. Targeted community level cessation support in non-Hispanic Black majority areas may help mitigate the growing burden of menthol cigarette smoking and improve health equity. The findings of this study also suggest that FDA’s prompt finalisation and enforcement of such ban may help avoid extending the increased burden of menthol cigarette consumptions in non-Hispanic Black majority areas.
Early experience of a new national lung allocation scheme in the UK based on clinical urgency
Authors: Al-Adhami Ahmed , Al-Aloul Mohamed , Rushton Sally , Thompson Richard Damian , Carby Martin , Lordan Jordan , Clark Stephen , Spencer Helen , Tsui Steven , Parmar Jasvir 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionA new UK Lung Allocation Scheme (UKLAS) was introduced in 2017, replacing the previous geographic allocation system. Patients are prioritised according to predefined clinical criteria into a three-tier system: the super-urgent lung allocation scheme (SULAS), the urgent lung allocation scheme (ULAS) and the non-urgent lung allocation scheme (NULAS). This study assessed the early impact of this scheme on waiting-list and post-transplant outcomes.MethodsA cohort study of adult lung transplant registrations between March 2015 and November 2016 (era-1) and between May 2017 and January 2019 (era-2). Outcomes from registration were compared between eras and stratified by urgency tier and diagnostic group.ResultsDuring era-1, 461 patients were registered. In era-2, 471 patients were registered (19 (4.0%) SULAS, 82 (17.4%) ULAS and 370 (78.6%) NULAS). SULAS patients were younger (median age 35 vs 50 and 55 for urgent and non-urgent, respectively, p=0.0015) and predominantly suffered from cystic fibrosis (53%) or pulmonary fibrosis (37%). Between eras 1 and 2, the odds of transplantation within 6 months of registration were increased (OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.85, p=0.0142) despite only a 5% increase in transplant activity. Median time-to-transplantation during era-1 was 427 days compared with waiting times in era-2 of 8 days for SULAS, 15 days for ULAS and 585 days for NULAS patients. Waiting-list mortality (15% era-1 vs 13% era-2; p=0.5441) and post-transplant survival at 1 year (81.3% era-1 vs 83.3% era-2; p=0.6065) were similar between eras.ConclusionThe UKLAS scheme prioritises the critically ill and improves transplantation odds. The true impact on waiting-list mortality and post-transplant survival requires further follow-up.
Mass predictions of triply heavy hybrid baryons via QCD sum rules
Authors: Zhao Yi-Cheng , Tang Chun-Meng , Tang Liang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this article, we study the mass spectrum of the low-lying triply heavy hybrid baryon, which consists of three valence heavy quarks in a color octet and one valence gluon, with spin-parity $$J^P=(\frac{1}{2})^+$$

J
P

=

(

1
2

)

+

via QCD sum rules. This is the first study on the triply heavy hybrid baryons in the framework of QCD sum rules. After performing the QCD sum rule analysis, we find that the mass of cccg hybrid baryon lies in $$M_{cccg}= $$

M

cccg

=

5.91–6.13 GeV. As a byproduct, the mass of the triply bottom hybrid baryon state is extracted to be around $$M_{bbbg}=$$

M

bbbg

=

14.62–14.82 GeV. The contributions up to dimension eight at the leading order of $$\alpha _s$$

α
s

(LO) in the operator product expansion are taken into account in the calculation. The triply charmed hybrid baryon predicted in this work can decay into one doubly charmed baryon and one charmed meson. Especially, we propose to search for cccg hybrid baryon with $$J^{P}= (1/2)^+$$

J
P

=

(
1
/
2
)

+

in the P-wave decay channels $$\Xi _{cc}^{++} D^0$$

Ξ

cc

+
+

D
0

, $$\Xi _{cc}^{+} D^+$$

Ξ

cc

+

D
+

, and $$\Xi _{ccs}^{+} D_s^+$$

Ξ

ccs

+

D
s
+

, which may be accessible in future BelleII, Super-B, PANDA, and LHCb experiments.
DO ORGANISATIONS REFLECT THEIR UPPER ECHELONS WHILE RESPONDING TO DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION?
Authors: MADI-ODEH RANA BASSAM , OBEIDAT BADER YOUSEF 
Published: July 2023

PurposeUtilising the upper echelon theory (UET), the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of dynamic managerial capabilities (i.e., managerial human capital, managerial social capital (MSC), and managerial cognition (MC)) on organisations’ response strategies to disruptive innovation, under the mediating role of unlearning.Design/methodology/approachFollowing a deductive approach, quantitative methodology and survey strategy, data was collected through an online questionnaire from (491) managers and top executives of PSF operating in Dubai-UAE and analysed using covariance-based structural equation modelling.FindingsThe findings revealed that dynamic managerial capabilities played mixed role in predicting firms’ response strategies to disruptive innovation. MSC and MC played a significant role with unlearning as a partial mediator, while managerial human capital did not.Practical implicationsThe findings are important to managers, practitioners, and policymakers, shedding light on which dynamic managerial capabilities is of significance if creative economy is being pursued through adaptive response strategies to disruptive innovation.
The Clinical Implications of Reversions in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer and Pathogenic Variants in BRCA1, BRCA2, or PALB2 after Progression on Rucaparib
Authors: Brown Timothy J. , Yablonovitch Arielle , Till Jacob E. , Yen Jennifer , Kiedrowski Lesli A. , Hood Ryan , O'Hara Mark H. , Teitelbaum Ursina , Karasic Thomas B. , Schneider Charles , Carpenter Erica L. , Nathanson Katherine , Domchek Susan M. , Reiss Kim A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
PARP inhibitors (PARPi) provide an effective maintenance option for patients with BRCA- or PALB2-mutated pancreatic cancer. However, mechanisms of PARPi resistance and optimal post-PARPi therapeutic strategies are poorly characterized.

Experimental Design:
We collected paired cell-free DNA samples and post-PARPi clinical data on 42 patients with advanced, platinum-sensitive pancreatic cancer who were treated with maintenance rucaparib on NCT03140670, of whom 32 developed progressive disease.

Results:
Peripherally detected, acquired BRCA or PALB2 reversion variants were uncommon (5/30; 16.6%) in patients who progressed on rucaparib. Reversions were significantly associated with rapid resistance to PARPi treatment (median PFS, 3.7 vs. 12.5 months; P = 0.001) and poor overall survival (median OS, 6.2 vs. 23.0 months; P &lt; 0.0001). All patients with reversions received rechallenge with platinum-based chemotherapy following PARPi progression and experienced faster progression on this therapy than those without reversion variants (real-world time-to-treatment discontinuation, 2.4 vs. 5.8 months; P = 0.004). Of the patients who progressed on PARPi and received further chemotherapy, the OS from initiation of second-line therapy was significantly lower in those with reversion variants than in those without (5.5 vs. 12.0 months, P = 0.002). Finally, high levels of tumor shedding were independently associated with poor outcomes in patients who received rucaparib.

Conclusions:
Acquired reversion variants were uncommon but detrimental in a population of patients with advanced BRCA- or PALB2-related pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who received maintenance rucaparib. Reversion variants led to rapid progression on PARPi, rapid failure of subsequent platinum-based treatment, and poor OS of patients. The identification of such variants in the blood may have both predictive and prognostic value.
See related commentary by Tsang and Gallinger, p. 5005
Upregulation of Somatostatin Receptor Type 2 Improves 177Lu-DOTATATE Therapy in Receptor-Deficient Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Model
Authors: Sharma Rupali , Earla Bhargav , Baidoo Kwamena E. , Zeiger Martha A. , Madigan James P. , Escorcia Freddy E. , Sadowski Samira M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET) express high levels of somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2), a unique target for both tumor imaging and therapy. This surface expression is lost in metastatic high-grade PNETs, making patients ineligible for SSTR2-targeted 177 Lutetium (Lu)-DOTATATE peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), and represents an unmet clinical need. Here, we aimed to restore SSTR2 expression through the reversal of inhibitory epigenetic gene silencing to improve tumor responsiveness to PRRT. We first assessed human SSTR2 promoter methylation and expression levels in 96 patient samples. We then used three NET cell lines (QGP-1, BON-1, GOT-1) with variable SSTR2 expression profiles for functional in vitro studies using histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). Finally, the QGP-1 xenograft mouse model, with low basal SSTR2 expression, was used to assess the therapeutic efficacy of combined HDACi and 177Lu-DOTATATE therapies. We confirm that SSTR expression is decreased and correlates with SSTR2 promoter methylation in patients with high-grade NETs. When exposed to HDACis, SSTR2 surface expression is increased in three NET cell lines in vitro. In an in vivo PNET xenograft model with low basal SSTR2 expression, our studies demonstrate significantly higher tumor uptake of SSTR2-targeted 177Lu-DOTATATE in animals pretreated with HDACis compared with controls. For the first time, we show that this higher tumor uptake results in significant antitumor response when compared with standard PRRT alone. These preclinical results provide a rationale for utilizing HDACi pretreatment to improve targeted radionuclide therapy in patients with SSTR2-negative, metastatic PNETs.
Efficacy and Safety of Glycosphingolipid SSEA-4 Targeting CAR-T Cells in an Ovarian Carcinoma Model
Authors: Monzo Hector J. , Kalander Kerttu , Hyytiäinen Marko M. , Elbasani Endrit , Wall Johanna , Moyano-Galceran Lidia , Tanjore Ramanathan Jayendrakishore , Jukonen Joonas , Laakkonen Pirjo , Ristimäki Ari , Carlson Joseph W. , Lehti Kaisa , Salehi Sahar , Puolakkainen Pauli , Haglund Caj , Seppänen Hanna , Leppä Sirpa , Ojala Päivi M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapies for solid tumors face critical challenges such as heterogeneous antigen expression. We characterized stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) cell-surface glycolipid as a target for CAR T-cell therapy. SSEA-4 is mainly expressed during embryogenesis but is also found in several cancer types making it an attractive tumor-associated antigen. Anti-SSEA-4 CAR-T cells were generated and assessed preclinically in vitro and in vivo for antitumor response and safety. SSEA-4 CAR-T cells effectively eliminated SSEA-4–positive cells in all the tested cancer cell lines, whereas SSEA-4–negative cells lines were not targeted. In vivo efficacy and safety studies using NSG mice and the high-grade serous ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR4 demonstrated a remarkable and specific antitumor response at all the CAR T-cell doses used. At high T-cell doses, CAR T cell–treated mice showed signs of health deterioration after a follow-up period. However, the severity of toxicity was reduced with a delayed onset when lower CAR T-cell doses were used. Our data demonstrate the efficacy of anti-SSEA-4 CAR T-cell therapy; however, safety strategies, such as dose-limiting and/or equipping CAR-T cells with combinatorial antigen recognition should be implemented for its potential clinical translation.