bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemical constraints on bacteriophage infectivity in terrestrial environments
Authors: Carlson Hans K , Piya Denish , Moore Madeline L , Magar Roniya T , Elisabeth Nathalie H , Deutschbauer Adam M , Arkin Adam P , Mutalik Vivek K 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Lytic phages can be potent and selective inhibitors of microbial growth and can have profound impacts on microbiome composition and function. However, there is uncertainty about the biogeochemical conditions under which phage predation modulates microbial ecosystem function, particularly in terrestrial systems. Ionic strength is critical for infection of bacteria by many phages, but quantitative data is limited on the ion thresholds for phage infection that can be compared with environmental ion concentrations. Similarly, while carbon composition varies in the environment, we do not know how this variability influences the impact of phage predation on microbiome function. Here, we measured the half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50) of 80 different inorganic ions for the infection of E. coli with two canonical dsDNA and ssRNA phages, T4 and MS2, respectively. Many alkaline earth metals and alkali metals enabled lytic infection but the ionic strength thresholds varied for different ions between phages. Additionally, using a freshwater nitrate-reducing microbiome, we found that the ability of lytic phages to influence nitrate reduction end-products depended upon the carbon source as well as ionic strength. For all phage:host pairs, the ion EC50s for phage infection exceeded the ion concentrations found in many terrestrial freshwater systems. Thus, our findings support a model where phages most influence terrestrial microbial functional ecology in hot spots and hot moments such as metazoan guts, drought influenced soils, or biofilms where ion concentration is locally or transiently elevated and nutrients are available to support the growth of specific phage hosts.
Synergistic photothermal conversion and photocatalysis in 2D/2D MXene/Bi2S3 hybrids for efficient solar-driven water purification
Authors: Liu Yang , Qu Shu-Zhou , Zhou Ze-Run , Song Xiang-Ping , Ma Liang , Ding Si-Jing , Wang Qu-Quan 
Published: August 2023

Ti3C2Tx/Bi2S3 hybrids with excellent photothermal conversion and photothermal-assisted photocatalytic performance were prepared for solar-driven water purification via the combination of water evaporation and photocatalytic degradation.
An Evidence-Based Approach to Augmentative and Alternative Communication Design for Individuals With Cortical Visual Impairment
Authors: Wilkinson Krista M. , Elko Lynn R. , Elko Emma , McCarty Tara V. , Sowers Dawn J. , Blackstone Sarah , Roman-Lantzy Christine 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
This article highlights the contributions of three pillars of an evidence-based practice approach (service providers, researchers, and families/clients) in the development of a framework to offer a way forward for professionals, families, and technology companies to support optimal visual and communication outcomes of individuals with cortical visual impairment (CVI) who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). By providing available research findings as well as practical information and lived experiences, the article offers clinical considerations and design features that can lead to addressing the unique needs of these individuals.

Method:
This article reviews literature concerning what is known about CVI and describes in detail and from multiple viewpoints important features required in AAC systems to support individuals with CVI and enable them to communicate effectively.

Results:
Components necessary for teams, communication partners, and AAC designers to optimize AAC system design in CVI are presented using external research evidence as internal evidence from lived experience to support their importance.

Conclusions:
An AAC system design that is tailored to the unique visual processing characteristics in CVI is likely to promote positive communication outcomes. The presentation of the lived experience of an individual who has CVI themselves illustrates the need for individualized assessments and interventions that incorporate and reflect the research presented here.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23902239
Perfusion Strategies for Low-Dose and Heparin-Free Bypass
Authors: Bennett John B. 
Published: August 2023

An increasing number of clinical reports are being published regarding various uses of heparin-bonded extracorporeal bypass circuits with altered coagulation regimens. Although the reasons for lowered heparinization levels have been discussed, there has been a lack of information detailing perfusion strategies necessary to manage this emerging technology.
The decreased use or elimination of heparin during bypass procedures has been successfully achieved using heparin-bonded surfaces in carefully selected patients. However, if used inappropriately, the results may be catastrophic. Clotted circuits, thrombus formation and increased patient morbidity have resulted from poor circuit design and a poor understanding of the technology. Alterations in blood flow management, circuit design, cardiotomy suction, cardiac chamber venting, bypass weaning and anticoagulation management are essential for improved patient outcome.
It must be stressed that "heparin-bonded" does not imply heparin-free and that any blood damage is magnified under conditions of lowered heparin levels. The risks associated with low-dose or heparin-free bypass must be carefully weighed against the potential beneftis thought to be gained from this strategy.
This report summarizes our current experience, observations and perfusion techniques used in conjunction with low-dose or heparin-free extracorporeal bypass support for selected patients requiring cardiopulmonary bypass, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary support, ventricular assist devices, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Coagulation Monitoring During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: The Role of Thrombelastography
Authors: Stammers Alfred H. , Willett Lynne , Fristoe Lance , Merrill Jonathan , Stover Todd , Hunt Allen , Morrow John , Newberry Jamie 
Published: August 2023

Patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are at an increased risk for developing coagulopathies due to the adverse effects of extracorporeal circulation on the hemostatic mechanism. Methods of determining causative factors of bleeding diathesis are often inconsistent and non-specific. ECMO patients require aggressive transfusion therapy with autogenic blood products to stabilize and maintain hemostasis. The present study evaluated the coagulation status of newborn patients undergoing ECMO therapy, using a viscoelastic monitor (Thrombelastograph -TEG) that measures functional aspects of clot development and stabilization.
Seventeen neonatal patients undergoing ECMO for severe respiratory dysfunction were entered into this study. Serial blood samples were obtained and routine coagulation assessment including fibrinogen concentration, platelet count and ionized calcium was performed. In addition, fibrin ( ogen) degradation products (FDP), d-Dimers, antithrombin III and plasma free hemoglobin were measured. Transfusion indicators were established and total transfusion requirements recorded. TEG profiles were determined with the use of heparinase, an enzyme that degrades heparin but has little effect on other coagulation factors.
The most commonly encountered complication was hemorrhaging which was diagnosed by laboratory and clinical assessment in 11 of 17 patients. Transfusion requirements (measured in ml/kg/ECMO hour) were the following: packed red blood cells - 1.34±0.5; platelets - 0.71 ±o.57; fresh frozen plasma- 0.09±0.12; cryoprecipitate 0.05 ±o.05. Thrombelastograph profiles reflected hemostatic conditions that ranged from severe coagulopathies (DIC) to hypercoagulability. Interpretation of TEG profiles identified hemostatic abnormalities in 57 of 101 profiles ( 46.5% ), with the most common etiology related to platelet dysfunction. In the non-hemorrhagic group the TEG profiles were normal in 30 of 41 (73.2%) instances, while the hemorrhagic group had 24 of60 (40%) profiles in the normal range (p<.001). d-Dimers and FDP were elevated in all patients during ECMO despite maintenance of activated clotting times greater than 180 seconds.
During ECMO coagulation assessment with the TEG provides useful information for the rapid diagnosis of hemorrhagic conditions, which may help guide transfusion therapy.
The Effect of Hypothermia on Heparin Anticoagulation as Measured by Activated Clotting Time and Factor Xa Inhibition
Authors: Tian Lin , Coffin Stacy , Sutton Robin , Murray David , Olson John , Ploessl Jay 
Published: August 2023

The effect of hypothermia on heparin anticoagulation was studied using (siliceous earth) activated clotting time (ACT) measured by the modified Hattersley technique and anti-factor Xa assay measured by the modified Teien technique during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Seventeen adult patients with normal blood coagulation function undergoing their first time coronary artery bypass grafting surgery or valve replacement surgery were randomly selected. Blood samples were collected 3-5 minutes after CPB initiation, before cooling at a mean temperature of 32.9°C, and then again after cooling to a mean temperature of 28.4°C. No additional heparin, citrate or packed red blood cells were added to the CPB circuit between sampling points.
The mean heparin concentration measured by the anti-factor Xa assay was 4.1 ± 0.5 units/ml before cooling and 4.1 ± 0.4 units/ml after cooling. The mean ACT was 465 ± 75 seconds prior to cooling and 499 ± 69 seconds at the cold temperature (p<0.05). This suggests that the cooling process itself must induce changes in whole blood coagulation resulting in a prolongation in the ACT. The change in ACT with cooling is not due to a change in heparin concentration. The presented data supports previous research on the inadequacy of ACT to trend heparin concentration when steady state conditions are altered.
Meeting Student Differences in Learning as a Strategy for Improving the Quality of Perfusion Education
Authors: Dake Sue Boettcher , Taylor James A. 
Published: August 2023

The quality of perfusion graduates has always been a core concern of perfusion educators. Teaching the student as an individual is a key concept.
This article reviews a learning taxonomy and reminds us about the individual needs of all learners, specific motivators of adult learners, the differences among individual learners, and the effects of stress on learning.
Assessment of each student must be done in all three domains-cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. Subsequently, teaching strategies can be devised which take the learner's individuality into account, and which aim for the creation of a competent and professional entry-level practitioner.
Technical Aspects of Simultaneous Antegrade/Retrograde Normothermic Blood Cardioplegia
Authors: Young Zahir , Saikkonen Maija , Tam Tessa , Ko Aido 
Published: August 2023

Techniques of myocardial protection are a source of controversy in the field of cardiac surgery. Numerous studies have been carried out over the years to prove or disprove one method over another. The following techniques: cold vs. warm, antegrade vs. retrograde, and intermittent vs. continuous are some of the most controversial. Cold intermittent antegrade blood cardioplegia has been an accepted routine for many years. However, the use of warm blood cardioplegia has recently sparked much interest, and many studies have recognized its advantages over cold methods.
If cardioplegia is given intermittently, regardless of any other variables, there will be some degree of ischemia with a resultant delay in myocardial recovery. A logical solution to avoid this ischemia is to deliver oxygenated substrate enhanced warm blood cardioplegia continuously and simultaneously via antegrade and retrograde routes for improved regional distribution. This combined technique is described.
Simplified Solution to Eliminating Electrical Noise During Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Johnston Nicklett , Jessen Michael E. , Zeidler Manfred E. 
Published: August 2023

Electrical noise will be present in the operating room even under ideal circumstances. The addition of the cardiopulmonary bypass machine to the other machinery in the operating room introduces one more source of electrical noise. Identifying and managing this interference may aid in reducing artifactual signals on the electrocardiogram (EKG) monitor.
If electrical interference occurs during the onset of cardiopulmonary bypass, an uninterpretable rhythm pattern on the electrocardiogram monitor may be present.
Adding an extra ground from the main pump head to the heater/cooler helps to reduce noise and, therefore, effectively diminishes pump-generated artifact on the EKG.
Clinical Comparison of Pulsatile and Nonpulsatile Perfusion During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Song Zuorui , Wang Chunxiang , Stammers Alfred H. 
Published: August 2023

Controversy exists concerning the utilization of pulsatile flow during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with regard to improved patient outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate pulsatile perfusion in patients undergoing CPB in a clinical setting. Seventy patients undergoing open heart surgery for repair of valvular or congenital heart disease were prospectively entered into the study and were randomly assigned to either pulsatile perfusion (PP, n=35) or nonpulsatile perfusion (NP, n=35) groups. All patients received identical surgical, perfusion, and postoperative care. Study parameters included: rate of spontaneous cardiac conversion, inotropic drug use, urine output, skin temperature, platelet count, fibrinogen concentration, and plasma free hemoglobin level.
There were no statistically significant differences seen in either preoperative or operative parameters between groups. The PP group had a significantly higher rate of spontaneous cardiac conversion, less inotropic drug use, earlier recovery of skin temperature, and higher urine output during CPB (908.8 ± 87.2 ml/hr vs. 606.1 ± 57.5 ml/hr, p < .01). There were no significant differences in either platelet count or fibrinogen concentration between groups. There was a steady increase in plasma free hemoglobin during PP, which was not seen in the NP group (p < .01).
We conclude that the use of pulsatile flow resulted in improved patient outcomes in maintaining better renal function and preserving cardiac function in the early post-bypass period.
The Proposed Use of Performance Indices to Evaluate and Compare the “Gish Vision” Membrane Oxygenator
Authors: Fried David W. , Leo Joseph J. , Zombolas Theodore L. , Mohamed Hasratt , Mattioni Gabriel J. 
Published: August 2023

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate and compare the recently released Gish Vision® oxygenator with previously studied oxygenators. We utilized our previously described membrane oxygenator evaluation techniques as well as proposed the use of four new performance indices: 1) oxygen transfer index; 2) shunt fraction index; 3) pressure drop index; and 4) consistency index.
We concluded that the new Gish Vision® membrane oxygenator offers the clinician the highest level of oxygen transfer “reserve” of any oxygenator we have tested. The use of our proposed performance indices enables the perfusionist to quickly and objectively compare various oxygenator performance characteristics and make a meaningful clinical comparison.
Migration, interkulturelle Kommunikation und Kindergesundheit
Authors: Grabe Fabian 
Published: August 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Zahl der alltäglich zu behandelnden Patient*innen mit Migrationshintergrund ist groß. Mit einem hohen Anteil an Kindern und Jugendlichen in dieser Bevölkerungsgruppe stellt die ärztliche Behandlung dieser Menschen daher eine alltägliche Aufgabe in der Kinder- und Jugendmedizin dar. Das Aufeinandertreffen verschiedenster kultureller Hintergründe kann in Herausforderungen resultieren, für deren zufriedenstellende Bewältigung die reflektierte Auseinandersetzung mit den fremden, aber auch den eigenen, kulturell geprägten Sicht- und Handlungsweisen zuträglich ist. Gleichzeitig jedoch scheint Zeit als Ressource in Kliniken knapper denn je; Abläufe müssen so effizient wie möglich sein, Personalknappheit besteht auf nahezu allen Positionen. In der Kommunikation wird sich daher meist auf das Wesentliche konzentriert.Auch wenn aufgrund der so diversen Personengruppe und der enormen Komplexität des Themas stets die Gefahr der Verallgemeinerung und Simplifizierung besteht, sollen hier einige Ideen und Gedanken aufgezeigt werden, die im alltäglichen medizinischen Umgang mit Kindern mit Migrations- oder Fluchthintergrund nützlich sein können.
Lokaltherapie im Kindesalter
Authors: Wohlrab Johannes 
Published: August 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGKindliche Haut weist, insbesondere im Säuglingsalter, Besonderheiten auf, die es bei der Anwendung von topischen Präparationen zu berücksichtigen gilt. Aus pharmakologischer Sicht sind insbesondere die Gefahr einer erhöhten systemischen Bioverfügbarkeit mit toxikologischer Relevanz und eine eingeschränkte lokale Verträglichkeit von Topika zu nennen. Dies gilt für die unterschiedlichen regulatorischen Kategorien von halbfesten Präparationen (kosmetische Mittel, stoffliche Medizinprodukte und Arzneimittel) in gleicher Weise. Besondere klinische Relevanz kommt einer individuellen Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung beim Einsatz von toxikologisch relevanten Arzneistoffen (z. B. Salizylsäure) zu. Darüber hinaus erschwert das Fehlen von Zulassungen für topische Arzneimittel im Kindesalter aufgrund juristischer und pharmakologischer Hürden den professionellen Einsatz und begrenzt damit den therapeutischen Nutzen. Vor diesem Hintergrund sind für Arzneistoffe und Präparate mit hoher praktischer Relevanz Daten aus kontrollierten klinischen Studien an Kindern zu fordern.
Delayed Internal Carotid Artery Dissection Mimicking Cerebral Vasospasms after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report
Authors: Lampmann Tim , Dorn Franziska , Schievelkamp Arndt-Hendrik , Banat Mohammed , Vatter Hartmut , Hamed Motaz 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is usually caused by cerebral vasospasm (CVS). To detect DCI and CVS, a cranial computed tomography (CT) scan will be performed, but cervical vessels are not necessarily displayed.
Methods A 63-year-old female patient who suffered from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was treated at the authors' institution. After an initially unremarkable clinical course, she developed aphasia on day 11. CT angiography (CTA) and perfusion imaging revealed significant hypoperfusion of the left hemisphere. In addition, the CTA showed a subtotal stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) at the level of the petrous segment, suspicious for a dissection. This was not detectable angiographically in the final control of the intervention and was also not clinically evident until day 11.
Results Cerebral perfusion as well as the clinical symptoms normalized rapidly after stent reconstruction of the ICA.
Conclusion Even though CVS is the most common cause of hypoperfusion in patients after an SAH, a peri-interventional dissection can also lead to relevant stenosis and thus to a disturbed cerebral perfusion and corresponding neurologic deficits. The time delay between the intervention and the clinical and CTA manifestation in our case is remarkable.
Surgery for Malignant Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Narrative Review of the Knowns and Unknowns
Authors: Krishnan Kailash , Hollingworth Milo , Nguyen Thanh N. , Kumaria Ashwin , Kirkman Matthew A. , Basu Surajit , Tolias Christos , Bath Philip M. , Sprigg Nikola 
Published: August 2023

Malignant acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is characterized by acute neurological deterioration caused by progressive space-occupying brain edema, often occurring in the first hours to days after symptom onset. Without any treatment, the result is often fatal. Despite advances in treatment for AIS, up to 80% of patients with a large hemispheric stroke or cerebellar stroke are at risk of poor outcome. Decompressive surgery can be life-saving in a subgroup of patients with malignant AIS, but uncertainties exist on patient selection, predictors of malignant infarction, perioperative management, and timing of intervention. Although survivors are left disabled, most agree with the original decision to undergo surgery and would make the same decision again. In this narrative review, we focus on the clinical and radiological predictors of malignant infarction in AIS and outline the technical aspects of decompressive surgery as well as duraplasty and cranioplasty. We discuss the current evidence and recommendations for surgery in AIS, highlighting gaps in knowledge, and suggest directions for future studies.
Key Points
Researching ideologies
Authors: Karizmeh Mojtaba Soleimani , Shahri Naseh Nasrollahi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Previous critical studies of language textbook analysis have explored politics of content selection in textbooks,
examining the way selection of certain materials instead of others or the interaction between various multimodal contents selected
for textbooks reinforces certain ideological meanings at the expense of certain others. The current study views language textbooks
through lenses of politics of content creation, analyzing such politics in a series of English as a Foreign Language textbooks
produced by Iranian Ministry of Education. Using a theoretical framework that draws on theories of language ideology and social
semiotic theories of multimodality, the study explores the way ideological meanings are simultaneously created at different orders
of language and the way such created meanings multimodally shape different contents of the textbooks, such as lessons and learning
activities. The study contributes to the filed of critical language textbook analysis by uncovering the relation between power and
ideologies within the generic structure of language textbooks.
Insight into the magnetic behavior and magnetocaloric effect of a borophene monolayer
Authors: An Ying , Wang Wei , Xiao Bo-wen , Huang Si-yu , Xu Zhen-yao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The successful discovery of borophene has opened a new door for the development of 2D materials. Due to its excellent chemical, electronic and thermal properties, borophene has shown considerable potential in supercapacitors, hydrogen storage and batteries. In this paper, the thermodynamic characteristics and magnetocaloric effect of borophene are specifically studied using the Monte Carlo method. We find that there is an opposite impact between the spin quantum number and the crystal field on the magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, specific heat and magnetic entropy of the system. Moreover, increasing the spin quantum number or decreasing the absolute value of the crystal field can improve the relative cooling power, the coercivity (h
c), and the remanence (M
R) and the area of the loop.