bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric ERCP: Factors for Success and Complication—A 17-Year, Multisite Experience
Authors: Lorio Eric , Moreau Chris , Hernandez Brian , Rabbani Tebyan , Michaud Kristina , Hachem Jack , Aggarwal Pankaj , Stolow Eugene , Brown Landon , Michalek Joel Edmund , Patel Sandeep 
Published: July 2023

Objectives:
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an increasingly utilized procedure in pediatric populations. A lack of dedicated pediatric research has led endoscopists to extrapolate adult risk factors and preventative strategies to children. The aim of this multisite, retrospective study was to identify risks for adverse events, procedure failure, and prolonged courses in pediatric patients undergoing ERCP.

Methods:
Pediatric patients who had an ERCP at one of our academic centers were identified by query of their electronic medical records. Pre-procedure and post-procedure data were collected with ERCP-related adverse events defined according to the consensus criteria developed by Cotton et al 2010.

Results:
Between January 2004 and January 2021, 287 children had a total of 716 ERCPs. The procedure success rate was 95.5% with no mortality and an adverse event rate of 12.7%. Younger age was associated with increased case complexity, increased adverse events, and an increased rate of repeat ERCP. Case complexity score correlated with increased procedure time (P < 0.001) and increased adverse events (tau 0.24, P < 0.01); stent removal and pancreatic stenting were more likely to precede an adverse event. Pancreatitis, pancreatic divisum, and pancreatic stricture/stenosis were associated with increased adverse events and rates of repeat ERCP.

Conclusions:
Pediatric ERCP adverse event rates are higher than adults. The complexity grading system proposed by the Cotton et al appears to have applicability to pediatric patients. Young age and interventions affecting the pancreatic duct are associated with adverse ERCP outcomes in pediatrics.
Psychic Pain Among Men: Factor Structure, Psychosocial Correlates, and Mediation of Social Connectedness and Suicidal Ideation
Authors: Kealy David , Chartier Gabrielle B. , Walther Andreas , Rice Simon M. , Seidler Zac E. , Oliffe John L. , Ogrodniczuk John S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Psychic Pain Scale (PPS) measures a form of mental pain involving overwhelming negative affect and loss of self-control. Understanding psychic pain among men is needed to advance efforts for preventing male suicide. The present study examined the factor structure and psychosocial correlates of the PPS among 621 online help-seeking men. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a higher-order factor comprising affect deluge and loss of control factors. Psychic pain evinced significant associations with general psychological distress, r = 0.64; perceived social support, r = −0.43; social connectedness, r = −0.55; and suicidal ideation, r = 0.65 (all p’s < 0.001)—the latter three remained significant after controlling for general distress. Psychic pain also mediated the association between social disconnection and suicidal ideation (standardized indirect effect = −0.14 [−0.21, −0.09]), after controlling for social support and distress. Findings support the PPS as a promising measure for investigating psychic pain among men and indicate psychic pain as a link between social disconnection and suicidal ideation.
Two-Wave Stability of Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism During Adolescence
Authors: Fontana Andrea , Cianfanelli Beatrice , Verbaro Roberta , Cuzzocrea Gaia , Benzi Ilaria Maria Antonietta , Sideli Lucia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Literature suggests that narcissistic traits may affect socio-affective development from early adolescence. Two interrelated narcissistic domains have been identified, i.e., narcissistic grandiosity (NG) and narcissistic vulnerability (NV). This study aims to prospectively assess NG and NV during adolescence and to investigate the mediating role of empathy on the stability of narcissistic traits. One-hundred fifty-six adolescents (47.5% females) participated in a longitudinal prospective study. NG, NV, and empathy were assessed at baseline and 24-month follow-up. Compared with NG traits, NV showed a mean-level increasing pattern, albeit with a small effect size. Different empathy domains mediated the developmental trajectories of NG and NV. Specifically, the “fantasy” empathy domain partially mediated the stability of NG, whereas the “personal distress” domain partially mediated the mild increase of NV. The findings suggest that grandiose fantasies and negative activation to others' distress are crucial factors in shaping developmental trajectories of narcissistic traits during adolescence.
Is There Any Association between Nutrition and Myopia?: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chamarty Sruthi , Gupta Satish K. , Dhakal Rohit , Verkicharla Pavan K. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Significance
This systematic review indicates that the current evidence shows no association of nutrition with myopia.

Purpose
We systematically reviewed the outcomes of the studies that previously investigated the association between nutrition and myopia.

Methods
Embase, MEDLINE, and PubMed were searched by two independent authors to identify cross-sectional, cohort, retrospective, or interventional studies that assessed the association of nutrition with myopia from inception to the year 2021. Further, the reference list of the included articles was screened. The data from the included studies were extracted and qualitative analysis was performed. Quality assessment for non-interventional studies and interventional trials was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and Cochrane RoB 2 respectively.

Results
Twenty-seven articles were included in the review. Most of the nutrients and dietary elements investigated in non-interventional studies showed inconsistencies in their association with myopia with the majority indicating no association. Nine studies showed a significant association of diverse nutrients and dietary elements with either an increase (Odds ratio: 1.07) or a decrease (Odds ratio: 0.5 to 0.96) in the risk of myopia development. However, the majority of these studies have minimal odds ratios with wider or overlapping confidence intervals, implicating weaker associations. All three nutrients and dietary elements assessed in the interventional trial had implications for myopia control, with two trials indicating a clinically minimal effect.

Conclusions
This review implies that there is some evidence to indicate a potential influence of specific nutrients and dietary elements in myopia development which are supported by several theories. However, given the vast, diverse, and complex nature of nutrition, more systematic investigation is warranted to comprehend the extent to which these specific nutrients and dietary elements are associated with myopia through longitudinal studies by subduing the limitations in the existing literature.
Central Visual Attention in Primary Open-angle Glaucoma
Authors: Béal Louis , Garric Clémentine , Rouland Jean-François , Lenoble Quentin 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Significance
To better understand the implication of a potential cognitive change in glaucoma, patients were stimulated in central visual areas considered functionally normal to discard an effect due to the loss of vision during an attentional task. The outcome might improve the follow-up on the impact of the pathology.

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of primary open-angle glaucoma on the visual attention system by recording responses of behavioral and oculomotor strategies.

Methods
We included 20 individuals with primary open-angle glaucoma (62.1 ± 7.2 years old), 18 age-matched controls (58.4 ± 7.2 years old) and 20 young controls (25.7 ± 3.5 years old). The procedure consisted of visual (eye-tracking recordings) and manual detection of a target. All participants had to detect a square with a vertical bar within distractors (squares, triangles and circles with a horizontal or vertical bar) of identical size of 1.6x1.6° visual angle. The shapes were displayed concentrically on a radius of 5° of visual angle. All participants were tested to ensure that their visual field sensitivity was normal within ±5° central vision.

Results
In responding manually, glaucoma participants were slower than aged-matched controls ((1723 ± 488 ms vs 1263 ± 385 ms) p < .01). Eye-tracking recordings showed that glaucoma participants found the target within the same timeframe as age-matched controls. Compared to the young group, the scanpath length and average fixation duration on distractors were significantly longer for the glaucoma patients (+235 pixels, +104 ms) and the aged-matched control participants (+120 pixels, +39 ms). Impaired contrast sensitivity was correlated with longer response time, longer scanpath and longer fixation on distractors.

Conclusions
Glaucoma affects the manual response times in a visual attention task, but patients can visually detect the target as quickly as age-matched controls. Different clinical factors predicted the performances. The age of the patients was associated with longer scanpath. The visual field loss (mean deviation - MD) was linked with longer visual response time. The loss of contrast sensitivity predicted the behavioral change on fixation duration to the distractors, global response time, visual response time and scanpath length.”
Treatment Delays in Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis
Authors: Lake Isabel V. , Lopez Christopher D. , Karius Alexander K. , Niknahad Ava , Khoo Kimberly H. , Girard Alisa O. , Yusuf Cynthia T. , Hopkins Elizabeth , Lopez Joseph , Redett Richard J. , Yang Robin 
Published: July 2023

Background
Patients with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (NSC) generally undergo corrective surgery before 1 year of age to the mitigate morbidities and risks of delayed repair. The cohort of patients who receive primary corrective surgery after 1 year and factors associated with their gaps to care is poorly characterized in literature.

Methods
A nested case-control study was conducted for NSC patients who underwent primary corrective surgery at our institution and affiliates between 1992 and 2022. Patients whose surgery occurred after 1 year of age were identified and matched 1:1 by surgical date to standard-care control subjects. Chart review was conducted to gather patient data regarding care timeline and sociodemographic characteristics.

Results
Odds of surgery after 1 year of age were increased in Black patients (odds ratio, 3.94; P < 0.001) and those insured by Medicaid (2.57, P = 0.018), with single caregivers (4.96, P = 0.002), and from lower-income areas (+1% per $1000 income decrease, P = 0.001). Delays associated with socioeconomic status primarily impacted timely access to a craniofacial provider, whereas caregiver status was associated with subspecialty level delays. These disparities were exacerbated in patients with sagittal and metopic synostosis, respectively. Patients with multisuture synostosis were susceptible to significant delays related to familial strain (foster status, insurer, and English proficiency).

Conclusions
Patients from socioeconomically strained households face systemic barriers to accessing optimal NSC care; disparities may be exacerbated by the diagnostic/treatment complexities of specific types of craniosynostosis. Interventions at primary care and craniofacial specialist levels can decrease health care gaps and optimize outcomes for vulnerable patients.
The Effect of Mandibular Impacted Third Molar on Fracture of Mandibular Angle and Condyle: An Observational Study
Authors: Ayana Pushkaran , Dain Chacko P. 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
The factors that may increase the risk of mandibular angle fractures are the abrupt change in angulation and its association with impacted teeth. Condyle, a common mandibular fracture site, is spared if the impact is absorbed in the angle. The study aimed to determine the relationship between the status of impacted mandibular third molars and mandibular angle and condylar fractures in patients with a history of road traffic accidents, within the age group of 18 to 50 years.

Methods:
In this observational study, 136 patients were examined clinically to diagnose mandibular angle and/or condylar fractures which were confirmed using an orthopantomogram. The status of the mandibular third molars was assessed radiographically.

Results:
Among the 173 fracture sites detected, 43 were diagnosed at the angle and 130 at the condyle. The demographic assessment demonstrated an age predisposition between 31 and 50 years (44%) in males and 21 and 30 years (47%) in females, with an overall peak incidence in the age group of 21 to 30 years (45%). There was a significant relationship between the status of impacted third molars and the occurrence of angle (P<0.01) and condylar fractures (P=0.05). The incidence of angle and condylar fractures in patients with/without associated impacted mandibular third molars were found to be 91% and 64% and 9% and 36%, respectively.

Conclusions:
The presence of impacted third molars had a significant relationship with the high incidence of angle fractures and the low incidence of condylar fractures. Knowledge about the common fracture patterns associated with impacted mandibular third molars would alert the clinician to contemplate fractures based on the anatomic distribution.
Variability in Medicaid Coverage for Gender-affirming Surgeries Across U.S. States
Authors: Wu Catherine A. , Ho Isabella , Minasian Alexandra , Keuroghlian Alex S. , O’Brien-Coon Devin , Ranganathan Kavitha 
Published: July 2023

Objective:We sought to describe the current Medicaid coverage landscape for gender-affirming surgery across the U.S. at the procedure level and identify factors associated with coverage.Summary Background Data:Medicaid coverage for gender-affirming surgery differs by state, despite a federal ban on gender identity-based discrimination in health insurance. States that cover gender-affirming surgery also differ in which procedures are included in Medicaid coverage, leading to confusion among patients and clinicians.Methods:State Medicaid policies in 2021 for gender-affirming surgery were queried for each of the 50 states, and District of Columbia (D.C.). State partisanship, state-level Medicaid protections, and coverage of gender-affirming procedures in 2021 were recorded. Linear correlation between electorate partisanship and total procedures covered was assessed. Pairwise t-tests were used to compare coverage based on state partisanship and presence of absence of state-level Medicaid protections.Results:Medicaid coverage for gender-affirming surgery was covered in 30 states and Washington D.C. The most commonly covered procedures were genital surgeries and mastectomy (n=31), followed by breast augmentation (n=21), facial feminization (n=12), and voice modification surgery (n=4). More procedures were covered in Democrat-controlled or leaning states, as well as in states with explicit protections for gender-affirming care in Medicaid coverage.Conclusion:Medicaid coverage for gender-affirming surgery is patchwork across the United States and is especially poor for facial and voice surgeries. Our study provides a convenient reference for patients and surgeons detailing which gender-affirming surgical procedures are covered by Medicaid within each state.
Stroke, depression, and self-harm in later life
Authors: Almeida Osvaldo P. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of the review
To examine recently published results of randomized placebo-controlled trials investigating the clinical effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on the prevalence of clinically significant symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation after an acute stroke.

Recent findings
The prevalence of poststroke depression varies markedly according to the approach used to define depression, with recently published data suggesting that about one in every three stroke survivors will experience clinically significant symptoms of depression over a period of 12 months. The proportion of stroke survivors with clinically significant symptoms of depression decreases progressively with time, but in 30% of them symptoms persist or recur over 12 months. Routine daily treatment with 20 mg of fluoxetine for 6 months does not affect the prevalence of depression in this population, nor is it effective at treating or preventing poststroke depressive symptoms. Treatment discontinuation, gastrointestinal adverse effects, seizures and bone fractures are more frequent among stroke survivors treated with antidepressants than placebo. Moreover, current data show that thoughts about death or suicide are more frequent among adults who had a stroke than the general population, although recurring suicidal thoughts are uncommon. Routine daily treatment with 20 mg of fluoxetine for 6 months does not change the proportion of people who disclose suicidal thoughts over a period of 12 months after an acute stroke.

Summary
Current evidence raises concerns about the efficacy and safety of antidepressants for the management and prevention of poststroke clinically significant symptoms of depression. It is unclear if these findings can be generalized to people with severe strokes or to stroke survivors with moderate to severe major depressive episodes.
Fibroblast growth factor-21 induces skeletal muscle atrophy and increases plasma amino acids in female mice: a potential role for glucocorticoids
Authors: Larson Karlton R. , Jayakrishnan Devi , Soto Sauza Karla A. , Goodson Michael L. , Chaffin Aki T. , Davidyan Arik , Pathak Suraj , Fang Yanbin , Magaña Diego Gonzalez , Miller Benjamin F. , Ryan Karen K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundFibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) is an intercellular signaling molecule secreted by metabolic organs, including skeletal muscle, in response to intracellular stress. FGF21 crosses the blood brain barrier and acts via the nervous system to coordinate aspects of the adaptive starvation response, including increased lipolysis, gluconeogenesis, hepatic fatty acid oxidation, and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. Given its beneficial effects for hepatic lipid metabolism, pharmaceutical FGF21 analogues are in clinical trials treatment of fatty liver disease. We predicted pharmacologic treatment with FGF21 in-creases HPA axis activity and skeletal muscle glucocorticoid signaling and induces skeletal muscle atrophy in mice.MethodsWe treated male and female mice with FGF21 or saline, delivered either pe-ripherally or directly to the brain, to determine its effect on skeletal muscle. To identify metabolic pathways affected by FGF21, we analyzed untargeted primary metabolites measured in plasma by GCTOF-MS. To determine mechanisms underlying sex-and FGF21-dependent changes in muscle mass, we measured hormonal and molecular mediators of muscle protein synthesis and degradation. We performed stable isotope labeling with deuterium oxide to directly measure muscle protein synthesis.ResultsA short course of systemic FGF21 treatment decreased muscle protein synthe-sis (P< 0.001) and reduced tibialis anterior weight (P< 0.05); this was driven primarily by its effect in female mice (P< 0.05). Similarly, intracerebroventricular FGF21 reduced TA muscle fiber cross sectional area (P< 0.01); this was more apparent among female mice compared to male littermates (P< 0.05). In agreement with the reduced muscle mass, the topmost enriched meta-bolic pathways in FGF21-treated females were related to amino acid metabolism, and the relative abundance of plasma proteinogenic amino acids were increased up to three-fold (P< 0.05). FGF21 treatment increased hypothalamicCrhmRNA (P< 0.01), plasma corticosterone (P< 0.01), and adrenal weight (P< 0.05), and increased expression of glucocorticoid receptor target genes known to reduce muscle protein synthesis and/or promote degradation includingFoxo1,Redd1, andKlf15(P < 0.05). Again, these changes were driven primarily by effects of FGF21 in females (P< 0.05).ConclusionsFGF21 increased plasma amino acids and decreased skeletal muscle mass, together with activation of the HPA axis and glucocorticoid receptor target genes in skeletal muscle—and female mice were more sensitive to all these outcomes. Given the proposed use of FGF21 analogues for the treatment of metabolic disease, the study is both physiologically relevant and may have important clinical implications.
Research Design Protocol: Assessing the Impact of Using ChatGPT in Radiology Reporting in an Emergency Setting in Egypt
Authors: Hamouda Noha , Ibrahim Mohamed K. , Jabal Mohamed Sobhi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis research design protocol outlines a study conducted in Egypt as an example of a developing country with limited resources. The objective is to assess the impact of using ChatGPT, a language model, in radiology reporting in the context of an emergency setting where reporting is traditionally done manually. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ChatGPT in helping format structured reports, drawing impressions from the reports, and improving the efficiency of communication between radiologists and treating clinicians. A standardized survey will be utilized to compare the differences between the older subjective reporting format and ChatGPT-assisted reports.
Video-Audio Neural Network Ensemble For Comprehensive Screening Of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Young Children
Authors: Natraj Shreyasvi , Kojovic Nada , Maillart Thomas , Schaer Marie 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTA timely diagnosis of autism is paramount to allow early therapeutic intervention in preschoolers. Deep Learning (DL) tools have been increasingly used to identify specific autistic symptoms, and offer promises for automated detection of autism at an early age. Here, we leverage a multi-modal approach by combining two neural networks trained on video and audio features of semi-standardized social interactions in a sample of 160 children aged 1 to 5 years old. Our ensemble model performs with an accuracy of 82.5% (F1 score: 0.816, Precision: 0.775, Recall: 0.861) for ASD screening. Additional combinations of our model were developed to achieve higher specificity (92.5%, i.e., few false negatives) or sensitivity (90%, i.e. few false positives). Finally, we found a relationship between the neural network modalities and specific audio versus video ASD characteristics, bringing evidence that our neural network implementation was effective in taking into account different features that are currently standardized under the gold standard ASD assessment.