bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient video coding with object-bounded motion estimation using cuboid-based variable-sized block partitioning
Authors: Karmakar Priyabrata , Murshed Manzur , Paul Manoranjan , Taubman David 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Block-based motion modelling has been widely used in video coding where a frame is divided into fixed-sized blocks that are motion compensated independently. This often leads to coding inefficiency as fixed-sized blocks hardly align with the object motion. Although hierarchical blockpartitioning has been introduced to address this, the increased number of motion vectors limits the benefit. Recently, approximate segmentation of images with cuboidal partitioning has gained popularity. Not only are the variable-sized rectangular segments (cuboids) readily amenable to block-based image/video coding techniques, but they are also capable of aligning well with the object boundaries. This is because cuboidal partitioning is based on a homogeneity constraint, minimising the sum of squared errors (SSE). Therefore, motion modelling with variable-sized cuboidal blocks is able to exploit semantic correlations by following displacements of approximate object boundaries. The existing cuboidal partitioning-based method generates a reference frame using the mean value of the cuboids but they didn’t exploit any motion information. In this paper, we have investigated the potential of cuboids in motion modelling against the fixed-sized blocks used in scalable video coding. Specifically, we have constructed motioncompensated current frame using the cuboidal partitioning information of the anchor frame in a group-of-picture (GOP). The predicted current frames have then been used as the base layer while encoding the current frames as an enhancement layer using a scalable encoder. We have also proposed two novel approaches to determine the number of cuboids by which each frame will be partitioned to. Experimental results confirm high bitrate savings on a wide range of video sequences.
Analysis of cartilage loading and injury correlation in Knee varus deformity
Authors: Zhang Hongjie , Ma Jianxiong , Tian Aixian , lu Bin , Bai Haohao , Dai Jing , Wu Yanfei , Chen Jiahui , Ma Xinlong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study is to construct three-dimensional simulation models of Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) with different varus angles by applying computer-aided design (CAD); to analyse the stress distribution in the knee joint cavity by using finite elements through the KOA models of different varus, and to compare the internal loads in the knee joints of different models; and to carry out a correlation analysis of the results of the finite element analyses in conjunction with the corresponding clinical cases of varus and cartilage injuries.
Methods: The CAD software package Mimics 21.0 was used to accurately simulate different varus angle models, and the simulated varus angles were divided into (0°,3°,6°,9°,12°,15°,18°) seven knee models, which were processed with finite element software, and axial forces were applied by simulating the weight of the human body in the static extension position, and the cartilage of the femoral condyle, medial tibial plateau, and lateral plateau were obtained. Von-Mises Stress (VMS) distribution and peak conditions, combined with clinical cases of the same varus deformity angle intraoperative microscopic visualization of cartilage cartilage injury, to find the cartilage force and injury correlation.
Results: Under a compression load of 740N, the lower limb mechanical axis shifted inward as the varus angle increased；the peak VMS of the lateral tibial plateau and femoral condyles did not change much from 3°-18°, the peak cartilage VMS of the medial tibial plateau was higher than that of other intercompartments；The medial tibial plateau had the largest stress area at 0°, with a 2.6-fold increase in peak VMS from 4.13-14.05MPa from 0°-6°, and the stress loads basically stabilized from 6°-15°. Clinical data showed that the varus deformity angle was significantly correlated with cartilage damage in the knee, medial plateau, and patellofemoral intercompartment ( F1=52.287,P1<.001 ,h12 =.709 , F2=312.67,P2<.001 ,h22 =.729, F3=55.486,P3<.001 ,h32 =.691)
Conclusion: The larger the varus deformity angle, the higher the medial cartilage stress load, the heavier the cartilage damage in the corresponding peak stress area. In actual clinical patients, when varus exceeds 6°, in addition to sagittal plane medial plateau cartilage damage there was also coronal plane patellofemoral intercompartmental cartilage damage, and there was a situation of articular coronal plane motion, and the knee injury appeared abnormal when it exceeded 15°, which could be deduced that there was an abnormal motion of the knee joint. The probability of cartilage damage increases when the varus is ≥6°, and early surgical correction is recommended to prevent aggravation of the deformity and thus restore knee function.
Selective and Sensitive Detection of Hg 2+ and Ag + by a Fluorescent and Colorimetric Probe with Large Stokes Shift
Authors: Li Hongqi , Yan Jiabao , Jiang Lin , Zhao Yong , Song Yanxi , Yu Jirui , Cheng Lang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Development of fluorescent sensors with large Stokes shift for selective detection of heavy metals is of great importance. A novel fluorescent probe KL1 with extremely large Stokes shift (212 nm) was synthesized for selective and simultaneous detection of Hg2+ and Ag+ ions. Deep yellow probe KL1 turned colorless or pale yellow after addition of Hg2+ or Ag+. Probe KL1 could be utilized for absorption spectral detection of Hg2+ and Ag+ both in ethanol and aqueous solution. Addition of Hg2+ and Ag+ ions caused significant decrease in the fluorescence intensity of probe KL1 and the selective recognition of Hg2+ and Ag+ was not interfered by common competitive metal ions including Li+, Na+, K+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, Cr3+ and Fe3+. The detection limit for Hg2+ and Ag+ was calculated to be 3.66 μM and 5.76 μM, respectively.
The oral microbiome profile of young water polo players
Authors: Kalabiska Irina , Annar Dorina , Keki Zsuzsa , Bhattoa Harjit Pal , Zsakai Annamaria 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives.
Adverse changes in the constitution of oral cavity microbiota may have serious health consequences. We hypothesized that the oral cavity microbiota community in water polo players may differ from others. Our aims were to determine the composition of the oral microbiome of elite water polo players and to compare their oral microbiome to that of non-athletes.
Materials and Methods
Elite water polo players (n: 29) and non-athletes (n: 16) aged between 16–20 were studied. The oral microbiome was determined from a saliva sample, DNA was isolated by the QIAmp DNA Blood Mini Kit. The 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing method was used to analyse the microbiome community. PCR primers were trimmed from the sequence reads with cutadapt. R library DADA2 was used to process reads in the abundance analysis.
Results
In general, Streptococcus, Veilonella and Prevotella genera constituted more than 50% of the oral microbiome community of the studied youth. The oral microbial profile had significant sexual dimorphism and differed between water polo players and the non-athletes. Males had a significantly higher relative abundance of the Atopobium and Pravotella_7 genera and a significantly lower relative abundance of the Fusobacterium, Gemella and Streptococcus genera as compared to their female counterparts. Compared to non-athletes, water polo players had significantly higher relative abundance of the genus Veillonella, and lower relative abundance of the genus Gemella.
Conclusion
The results confirm that regular water training can alter the composition of the oral microbial community.
Detecting bulbar amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using automatic acoustic analysis
Authors: Simmatis Leif , Robin Jessica , Spilka Michael , Yunusova Yana 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Home-based speech assessments have the potential to dramatically improve ALS clinical practice and facilitate patient stratification for ALS clinical trials. Acoustic speech analysis has demonstrated the ability to capture a variety of relevant speech motor impairments, but implementation has been hindered by both the nature of lab-based assessments (requiring travel and time for patients) and also by the opacity of some acoustic feature analysis methods. Furthermore, these challenges and others have obscured the ability to distinguish different ALS disease stages/severities. Validation of remote-capable acoustic analysis tools could enable detection of early signs of ALS, and these tools could be deployed to screen and monitor patients without requiring clinic visits. Here, we sought to determine whether acoustic features gathered using a remote-capable assessment app could detect ALS as well as different levels of speech impairment severity resulting from ALS. Speech samples (readings of a standardized, 99-word passage) from 119 ALS patients with varying degrees of disease severity as well as 22 neurologically healthy participants were analyzed, and 53 acoustic features were extracted. Patients were stratified into early and late stages of disease (ALS-early/ALS-E and ALS-late/ALS-L) based on the ALS Functional Ratings Scale - Revised bulbar score (FRS-bulb). Data were analyzed using a sparse Bayesian logistic regression classifier. It was determined that the current relatively small set of acoustic features could distinguish between ALS and controls well (area under receiver operating characteristic curve/AUROC = 0.85), that the ALS-E patients could be separated well from control participants (AUROC = 0.78), and that ALS-E and ALS-L patients could be reasonably separated (AUROC = 0.70). These results highlight the potential for remote acoustic analyses to detect and stratify ALS.
The connection between spicules’ acceleration, velocity and group height
Authors: Freeman Leonard 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The acceleration and velocity (a,V) for solar jets such as spicules are often displayed as scattergraphs, which show a strong correlation between the two variables. This can be represented empirically by the equation, V = pa + q, where p and q are two arbitrary non-zero constants. This study aims to analyse the data for the acceleration, a, and velocity, V over a wide range of solar jets, in order to confirm an alternative proposal that there is a simpler relationship which directly links (a,V) to the mean height for the group of jets, requiring only one constant rather than two. The (a,V) data is subjected to a standard mathematical test – plotting log(a) against log(V), which allows us to establish whether V ~ a n and if so, the value of the index n. When this is done for a wide range of different types of jet the index n is consistently found to be close to 0.5 The nine groups of jets included spicules, macrospicules and dynamic fibrils. The result, V ~ a 0.5, or equivalently V 2 = ka, with only one constant, provides as good a match to the data as the equation V = pa + q, which requires two constants. It is further found that the constant k, is approximately twice the mean height, \(\stackrel{-}{s}\) ,of the group of jets being analysed. This then gives the well known equation for an object with constant acceleration, \({V}^{2}=2 a \stackrel{-}{s}\). This simpler (a,V) relationship links the acceleration and maximum velocity to a well defined constant - the mean height of the group of spicules. This single constant replaces the two undefined constants in the empirical equation.
Improved Fuzzy Entropy for Signature Recognition
Authors: Wu Jun , Wan Qingqing , Zhang Zelin , Xu Jinyu , Cheng Wenming , Chen Difang , Zhou Xiao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Distinguishing different time series, which are determinant or stochastic, is an important task in signal processing. In this work, a correlation measure constructs Correlation Fuzzy Entropy (CFE) to discriminate Chaos and stochastic series. CFE based on the modulus of polar coordinates eliminates the effects of argument with a projection inequality. It can be employed to distinguish chaotic signals from ARIMA series with different noises. The CFE was verified by analyzing two available online signature databases MCYT-100 and SVC2004.
Screening and Identification of two repellent active volatiles to Hyphantria cunea
Authors: Lv Jinyan , Meng Zhao-Jun , Li Yan-Yan , Li Xin-Su , Yan Shan-Chun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The repellent tree species or their volatiles of Hyphantria cunea can be used for "push and pull strategy" integrated control to improve the capture to H. cunea in the wild. The response of H. cunea to repellent tree species and volatiles was determined using insect electrophysiological technique and Y-tube olfactometer test. H. cunea 5th, 6th instar larvae and virgin females were significantly more repulsive to the branches of Larix gmelinii and Syringa oblata than to blank control (P<0.05). Two mutual antennal active volatile compounds (α-pinene and (+)-limonene) from the branches of two tree species were identified by gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection/mass spectrometry (GC-EAD/MS) and electroantennography (EAG) responses of H. cunea females and males existed significant dose-dependent relationship (P<0.05). The highest EAG response value was induced at the highest concentration (100 µL/mL). In addition, 2 volatile compounds (100 µL/mL) had significant repellent effects on H. cunea 4-6th instar larvae and adults (P<0.05), and could notably inhibit the host (Salix matsudana) selection of 5th and 6th instar larvae and both sex adults (P<0.05). In conclusion, α-pinene and (+)-limonene as potential candidates can repellent H. cunea 4-6th larvae or adults, and play an important role in effective green prevention and control.
Levothyroxine therapy in children with hypothyroidism due to frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome: an observational cohort study
Authors: Saberinejad Javad , Taheri Amin , Dormanesh Banafshe , Moghtaderi Mastaneh 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background: Although the prevalence of temporary hypothyroidism (HT) in nephrotic syndrome (NS) is high, there is conflict over hormone replacement therapy in these cases. In an observational cohort with a control group, we investigated the potential benefits of hormone replacement therapy in patients with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS) and HT.
Methods: Consecutive 2–13-year-old patients with FRNS and thyroid stimulant hormone (TSH) higher than 5.5 mIU/L were studied. Following relapse treatment, patients treated with levothyroxine were considered the levothyroxine group. The incidence of relapses was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were the cumulative dose of prednisolone, the number of treatment failures, and the duration of each relapse.
Results: Thirty-two relapses per 27.2 person-years and 45 per 29.2 person-years occurred in the levothyroxine and control groups, respectively. The relapse rate was 1.17 versus 1.53 with the incidence rate ratio of 0.76 (95%Cl: 0.46- 1.22; p=0.24). The mean dose of prednisolone and time to remission was significantly lower in the levothyroxine group compared to the controls (0.51 ± 0.40 versus 0.55 ± 0.50 mg/kg/day; p=0.03 and 6.0 ± 2.17 versus 9.7 ± 2.87 days; p<0.001, respectively). There was a significant difference in the levels of TSH, free thyroxine (FT4), albumin, and creatinine. This significant difference disappeared during remission for albumin but remained significant for TSH and creatinine.
Conclusion: In patients with FRNS, the administration of levothyroxine can reduce the time to remission and dose of prednisolone. However, it has no significant effect on relapse rate and treatment failure.
Effects of host size and substrate types on the distribution of accidental and obligate epiphytes in a temperate forest of Japan
Authors: Komada Natsuki , Azuma Wakana , Ogawa Yuya , Tatsumi Chikae 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In a forest, the distribution of vascular epiphytes depends on host tree size and substrate type. However, previous studies have mainly focused on tropical forests, despite the growing interest in temperate forests with a high diversity of epiphytes and the frequent occurrence of accidental epiphytism in terrestrial species. This study examined the distribution of accidental and obligate epiphytes on 8 Cercidiphyllum japonicum (Cercidiphyllaceae) trees in a Japanese temperate forest based on the observation of 1,301 epiphyte individuals belonging to 49 species. The hypothesis that the number of total epiphyte species and individuals increased significantly and exponentially with increasing tree size were supported. As predicted, the proportion of accidental epiphyte species would increase with tree size but that of obligate epiphytes would decrease. In agreement with our hypothesis, the major rooting substrate types of accidental and obligate epiphyte assemblages were different. Accidental epiphytes depended mainly on arboreal soil and, to a lesser extent, on moss; however, they were absent on the bark. By contrast, obligate epiphytes were most frequently found on moss, followed by bark and arboreal soil. These results highlight the greater impact of host tree size on the diversity of accidental epiphytes compared to obligate epiphytes, suggesting that there are differential effects of host tree size on accidental and obligate epiphytes in temperate forests. Additionally, the thick accumulation of organic matter is crucial for the establishment and growth of accidental epiphytes.
Development of the Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Method for the Analysis of Phytosterols in Cheese by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Mousavi Mir-Michael , Mahmoudpourb Mansour , Yousefi Mojtaba , Khorshidian Nasim , Mortazavian Amir M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this investigation, an innovative, uncomplicated, swift, and effective technique based on microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) ensued by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was formulated to determine the quantity of 4 phytosterols compounds in cheese samples. Under optimum circumstances for the process of Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), a cheese sample weighing 0.2 g was subjected to extraction through employment of a closed-vessel system comprising of 5 mL of 2 M KOH and ethanol in a proportion of 70:30. The extraction procedure for phytosterols from a solution was executed through the utilization of 500 µL chloroform and a centrifugation lasting 5 minutes that was conducted at a velocity of 5000 rpm. Following this, the phytosterols underwent derivatization to generate their trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives, post which their analysis was carried out via GC-MS. Satisfactory outcomes were achieved through the implementation of this technique. The devised approach demonstrated favorable repeatability, exhibiting a relative standard deviation ranging between 4% and 8%, alongside exceptional enrichment factors, spanning from 162 to 180 for 4 phytosterols, in the spiked cheese sample. The present study has determined the limits of detection and quantification for all target phytosterols to be within the range of 0.12–0.32 and 0.45–0.71ng/g, respectively. The present study has observed linear Calibration curves within the range of 0.3-100 ng g−1, exhibiting correlation coefficients(R2) that varied from 0.993 to 0.997. The recoveries of the target analytes in cheese were exceptional, spanning a range of 95% to 99%.
Hybrid Procedure of Laminoplasty Combined with Foraminotomy for Multilevel Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy Accompany with Nerve Root Canal Stenosis
Authors: Qiu Yuqin , Ye Yi , Wan Lun , Zhang Kun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy and security of laminoplasty combined with foraminotomy (which is called hybrid procedure, HP) for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy accompany with nerve root canal stenosis.
Methods: The first 37 patients underwent the traditional C3-6 or C3-7 laminoplasty (TL). The subsequent 35 patients were performed with laminoplasty and foraminotomy (HP). The clinical evaluation was based on modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores (mJOA) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) score for brachialgia. The cervical physiological curvature (CCP) and range of cervical movement (ROM) were observed for imaging evaluation.
Results: At the last follow-up, the NDI and mJOA scores in HP group were significantly superior to those in TL group (P<0.001). Foraminotomy could effectively alleviate the brachialgia, in spite of aggravating the first day after operation Axial symptoms were aggravated or new emerged after surgery in 3 patients in HP group and 5 patients in TL group. The incidence of C5 nerve root palsyin HP group and TL group were 2.8% and 10.8% respectively.
Conclusions: HP is considerable for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy accompany with nerve root canal stenosis, however, considering the aggravation of postoperative brachialgia, it should be carefully adopted and performed.
A Rare Case of Pediatric Suprasellar - Sellar Ependymona: Case Report &amp; Review of Literature
Authors: Madeshiya Shivam , Ojha B. K. , Parihar Anit 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
Ependymomas are common brain tumors in children. They are usually found in the posterior fossa (60%), supratentorial region (30%), and spine around the ependyma of ventricles or spinal canal as they arise from the ependymal lining. Ependymoma in the suprasellar /sellar region away from the ependyma lining of ventricles is an extremely rare malignancy of the central nervous system.
Case Description:
We describe an interesting case of pediatric ependymoma of the suprasellar/sellar region in a 2.5-year-old boy. Considering the age & presentation of the patient, the location of the lesion, and imaging features, an initial radiological diagnosis of germinoma was made. Histomorphology and Immunohistochemical findings were consistent with ependymoma.
Conclusion
Suprasellar-sellar ependymomas are very rare. From the best of our knowledge, only 13 cases of adult suprasellar/sellar ependymoma have been reported till date. Our case may be the first reported pediatric case of suprasellar/sellar ependymoma.
Artificial intelligent-based personalized predictive ischemic stroke among type 2 diabetes mellitus complication patients
Authors: Phan Thanh-Phuc , Nguyen Phung-Anh , Vo Thanh Hoa , Hsu Min-Huei , Saputra Yudha E. , Hien Nguyen Thi Kim , Chen Cheng-Yu , Le Minh Khoi , Nguyen Hoang Bac , Hsu Jason C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives The objective of this study was to apply machine learning algorithms to predict the risk of ischemic stroke in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who were prescribed antidiabetic medications. This is an important complication of type 2 diabetes, and developing prediction models can help identify patients at a higher risk of developing it.Method The study used a dataset of 39,646 patients with type 2 diabetes from the Taipei Medical University Clinical Research Database between 2008 and 2020. The performance of different machine-learning models was evaluated using several metrics, such as the area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, and others.Results The results showed promising outcomes, with the area under the curve improving from 0.67 to 0.78. The critical factors in the machine learning models were age, stroke history, and antithrombotic medication.Conclusions The development of machine learning algorithms to predict the risk of ischemic stroke in type 2 diabetes patients is a significant contribution to the field. Healthcare providers can use this information to take preventative measures and reduce the risk of stroke in high-risk patients. However, further exploration is required to ensure the accuracy and applicability of the model to other patient populations.