bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional analysis of sedentary behaviour and participation in Spanish stroke survivors (Part&Sed-Stroke): a protocol for a longitudinal multicentre study
Authors: de Diego-Alonso Cristina , Alegre-Ayala Jorge , Buesa Almudena , Blasco-Abadía Julia , López-Royo María Pilar , Roldán-Pérez Patricia , Giner-Nicolás Rafael ,   Part&Sed-Stroke Collaborators Group, Güeita-Rodriguez Javier , Fini Natalie Ann , Domenech-Garcia Victor , Bellosta-López Pablo 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionStroke survivors usually experience long-lasting functional, emotional and social consequences that might contribute to sedentary behaviour and participation restrictions, which are important targets to address during rehabilitation. However, the trajectory and inter-relationship between these factors are unknown.Methods and analysisPart&Sed is a research project based on an observational study design with 6 and 12 months of follow-ups in stroke survivors. In addition, a qualitative analysis of the impact of the stroke on the stroke survivor, validation of the Satisfaction with Daily Occupation-Occupational Balance assessment tool and analysis of the reliability of the Fitbit Inspire 2 activity tracker wristband will be carried out. Participants will be chronic stroke survivors with independent walking capacity. Sociodemographic and clinical data, physical activity, ambulation, sleep, quality of life, anxiety and depression, community participation, and occupational satisfaction and balance, as well as data provided by the activity tracker wristband, will be collected. In addition, if the participant has a primary caregiver, the caregiver will also be monitored. A minimum of 130 participants will be recruited to conduct a random-effects multiple regression model. Mixed models for repeated measures will assess the variation over time of the different variables associated with participation and sedentary behaviour. Psychometric properties (eg, internal consistency, construct validity, test–retest reliability) of the Satisfaction with Daily Occupation-Occupational Balance will be determined. Additionally, intraclass correlation coefficients and minimum detectable change will be calculated to assess intrasubject reliability of physical activity and sleep parameters recorded by the Fitbit Inspire 2. The qualitative analysis process will be carried out using the analysis proposed by Giorgi.Ethics and disseminationThe study received ethical approval from the Spanish Regional Ethics Committee ‘Comité de Ética de la Investigación de la Comunidad de Aragón’ (PI21/333). The results will be made available via peer-reviewed publications, international conferences and official channels.
Symptom-specific non-pharmacological interventions for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia: protocol of an umbrella review of systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Cho Eunhee , Kim Min Jung , Yang Minhee , Jang Jiyoon , Cho Jungwon , Lee Ji Yeon 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThere are various non-pharmacological interventions for dementia care. However, healthcare providers continue to face challenges in determining the most suitable interventions for the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), which vary according to individuals. This umbrella review aims to identify and summarise the effective non-pharmacological interventions for each sub-symptom to provide individualised, evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice.Methods and analysisThis review follows the guideline of the Cochrane methodology for umbrella reviews. It focuses only on systematic reviews (SRs) with or without a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Five electronic databases: PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane Database, will be searched. The screened SRs will be determined for eligibility by the PICO formulation: (Population) older adults with dementia of any type; (Intervention) all types of non-pharmacological intervention; (Comparison) usual care or other non-pharmacological intervention; and (Outcome) BPSD and its sub-symptoms. The quality of the individual SRs will be appraised using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2. The overlap of primary studies will also be considered by eliminating an old-date SR conducted by the same authors with the same interest and calculating the Corrected Covered Area. Data will be extracted according to the pre-determined formula, which will organise non-pharmacological interventions according to the sub-symptoms of BPSD and not according to the type of intervention.Ethics and disseminationSince this is a review paper, ethical approval is not required. The findings of this review will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022340930.
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Cardiac Arrhythmias (OSCA) trial: a nested cohort study using injectable loop recorders and Holter monitoring in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: He Hejie , Lachlan Thomas , Chandan Nakul , Lim Ven Gee , Kimani Peter , Ng G Andre , Ali Asad , Randeva Harpal , Osman Faizel 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality despite continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) therapy. This excess risk may be related to increased arrhythmia risk, especially atrial fibrillation (AF). The true incidence of arrhythmia in patients with OSA is unknown. Implantable loop recorders (ILR) are powerful tools for detecting arrhythmias long-term. Cardiac autonomic function may be important in arrhythmogenesis in these patients but needs further study. We aim to identify the true incidence of arrhythmias (especially AF) using ILRs, assess cardiac autonomic function using Holter monitors in patients with OSA and explore cardiovascular outcomes.Methods and analysisA two-centre (University Hospital Coventry and St. Cross Hospital, Rugby) nested cohort study using Reveal LINQ (Medtronic, UK) ILR to identify precise arrhythmia (atrial/ventricular) incidence in patients with moderate–severe OSA. 200 patients will be randomised 1:1 to standard care alone or standard care+ILR (+Holter monitor at baseline and 12 months). The primary objective is to compare arrhythmia detection over 3 years between the two groups. Cardiac autonomic function will be assessed in the ILR-arm at baseline and 12 months post CPAP. Secondary objectives will explore the mechanisms linking OSA and arrhythmia using cardiac autonomic function parameters based on Holter recordings and circulating biomarkers (high sensitivity Troponin-T, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, matrix metalloproteinase-9, fibroblast growth factor 23, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α) before and after CPAP initiation in the ILR-arm.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Health Research Authority after examination by the Solihull Research and Ethics Committee. The main ethical considerations was the minimally invasive nature of ILR insertion outside of usual care. Patient advisory groups were consulted with a positive outcome for this type of research. We plan on publishing papers in peer-reviewed journals based on the primary objective and any interesting findings from secondary objectives. We will endeavour to publish all relevant data.Trial registration numberNCT03866148.
On Protocols for Monotone Feasible Interpolation
Authors: Folwarczný Lukáš 
Published: February 2023

Dag-like communication protocols, a generalization of the classical tree-like communication protocols, are useful objects in the realm of proof complexity (most importantly for monotone feasible interpolation) and circuit complexity. We consider three kinds of protocols in this article (
d
is the degree of a protocol):

—

IEQ-
d
-dags: feasible sets of these protocols are described by inequality which means that the feasible sets are combinatorial triangles; these protocols are also called triangle-dags in the literature,

—

EQ-
d
-dags: feasible sets are described by equality, and

—

c
-IEQ-
d
-dags: feasible sets are described by a conjunction of
c
inequalities.

Garg, Göös, Kamath, and Sokolov (Theory of Computing, 2020) mentioned all these protocols, and they noted that EQ-
d
-dags are a special case of
c
-IEQ-
d
-dags. The exact relationship between these types of protocols is unclear.

As our main contribution, we prove the following statement: EQ-2-dags can efficiently simulate
c
-IEQ-
d
-dags when
c
and
d
are constants. This implies that EQ-2-dags are at least as strong as IEQ-
d
-dags and that EQ-2-dags have the same strength as
c
-IEQ-
d
-dags for
c ≥ 2
(because 2-IEQ-2-dags can trivially simulate EQ-2-dags).

Hrubeš and Pudlák (Information Processing Letters, 2018) proved that IEQ-
d
-dags over the monotone Karchmer-Wigderson relation are equivalent to monotone real circuits which implies that we have exponential lower bounds for these protocols. Lower bounds for EQ-2-dags would directly imply lower bounds for the proof system R(LIN).
Implications of the Thermal Stability of FEC-Based Electrolytes for Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Teufl Tobias , Pritzl Daniel Josef , Hartmann Louis , Solchenbach Sophie , Mendez Manuel , Gasteiger Hubert 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Fluoroethylene-carbonate (FEC) is a common co-solvent for high-voltage cathodes and for silicon-based anodes in lithium-ion batteries. However, FEC has a limited thermal stability when used with LiPF6 as conductive salt, and its decomposition can trigger detrimental side reactions. Here, we will examine the reaction mechanism of FEC with LiPF6, confirming that vinylene-carbonate (VC) and HF are produced at elevated temperatures. By full-cell cycling at 45°C in a T-cell setup with a micro-reference electrode (µ-RE), we can show by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy that these side reactions not only lead to an impedance increase of the anode and the cathode, but also trigger transition metal dissolution. By comparison of FEC and ethylene-carbonate (EC) as cyclic carbonate, we demonstrate that FEC has no advantage at high-voltage operation compared to EC, when employing cathode materials or cathode potentials for which no lattice oxygen is evolved. Finally, we use multi-layer pouch-cells to analyze the gassing of an EC- and FEC-based electrolyte upon extended charge/discharge cycling at 45°C, showing that the latter leads to cell bulging upon extended charge/discharge cycling at 45°C due to the oxidation of the VC formed by the thermal decomposition of FEC above ~4.4-4.5 V vs. Li+/Li
Distinct Mutagenic Activity of APOBEC3G Cytidine Deaminase Identified in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Caswell Deborah , Swanton Charles 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe APOBEC cytidine deaminase enzyme family is linked to mutational signatures identified in cancer. While previous work has provided insights into the role of APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B in mutational processes in cancer, understanding of the mutational signatures induced by other APOBEC family members is limited. In this issue of Cancer Research, Liu and colleagues investigated the role of APOBEC3G (A3G) in bladder cancer. The authors revealed that transgenic expression of A3G in a murine bladder cancer model promotes tumorigenesis and induces a unique mutational signature distinct from previously identified APOBEC signatures. Expression of this A3G-related mutational signature correlated with significantly worse survival in patients with urothelial bladder carcinoma, and A3G expression was identified in 21 different cancer types. These findings suggest that different APOBEC3 enzymes induce unique mutation signatures and play distinct roles in cancer evolution. More complete understanding of the function of each APOBEC3 enzyme will improve anticancer therapy.See related article by Liu et al., p. 506
Site-Specific Cancer Incidence by Race and Immigration Status in Canada 2006–2015: A Population-Based Data Linkage Study
Authors: Malagón Talía , Morais Samantha , Tope Parker , El-Zein Mariam , Franco Eduardo L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background:
The Canadian Cancer Registry (CCR) does not collect demographic data beyond age and sex, making it difficult to monitor health inequalities. Using data linkage, we compared site-specific cancer incidence rates by race.

Methods:
The 2006 and 2011 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts are population-based probabilistically linked datasets of 5.9 million respondents of the 2006 long-form census and 6.5 million respondents of the 2011 National Household Survey. Race was self-reported. Respondent data were linked with the CCR up to 2015. We calculated age-standardized incidence rate ratios (ASIRR), comparing group-specific rates to the overall population rate with bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals (CI). We used negative binomial regressions to adjust for socioeconomic variables and assess interactions with immigration status.

Results:
The age-standardized overall cancer incidence rate was lower in almost all non-White racial groups than in the overall population, except for White and Indigenous peoples who had higher incidence rates than the overall population (ASIRRs, 1.03–1.04). Immigrants had substantially lower age-standardized overall cancer incidence rates than nonimmigrants (ASIRR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.82–0.84). Stomach, liver, and thyroid cancers and multiple myelomas were the sites where non-White racial groups had consistently higher site-specific cancer incidence rates than the overall population. Immigration status was an important modifier of cancer risk in the interaction model.

Conclusions:
Differences in cancer incidence between racial groups are likely influenced by differences in lifestyles, early life exposures, and selection factors for immigration.

Impact:
Data linkage can help monitor health inequalities and assess progress in preventive interventions against cancer.
See related commentary by Withrow and Gomez, p. 876
Intratumoral CD16+ Macrophages Are Associated with Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Metastatic Melanoma Treated with Combination Anti-PD-1 and Anti-CTLA-4 Therapy
Authors: Lee Hansol , Ferguson Angela L. , Quek Camelia , Vergara Ismael A. , Pires daSilva Ines , Allen Ruth , Gide Tuba Nur , Conway Jordan W. , Koufariotis Lambros T. , Hayward Nicholas K. , Waddell Nicola , Carlino Matteo S. , Menzies Alexander M. , Saw Robyn P.M. , Shklovskaya Elena , Rizos Helen , Lo Serigne , Scolyer Richard A. , Long Georgina V. , Palendira Umaimainthan , Wilmott James S. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
This study characterizes intratumoral macrophage populations within baseline melanoma biopsies from patients with advanced melanoma who received either anti-PD-1 monotherapy or a combination with anti-CTLA-4. Particularly, FcγRIIIa (CD16)-expressing macrophage densities were investigated for associations with response and progression-free survival.

Experimental Design:
Patients with advanced melanoma who received either anti-PD-1 monotherapy or combination anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 were retrospectively identified. Macrophage populations were analyzed within baseline melanoma biopsies via multiplex IHC in relation to treatment outcomes.

Results:
Patients who responded to combination immune checkpoint inhibitor contained higher CD16+ macrophage densities than those who did not respond (196 vs. 7 cells/mm2; P = 0.0041). There was no diffidence in CD16+ macrophage densities in the PD-1 monotherapy-treated patients based on response (118 vs. 89 cells/mm2; P = 0.29). A significantly longer 3-year progression-free survival was observed in combination-treated patients with high intratumoral densities of CD16+ macrophages compared with those with low densities (87% vs. 42%, P = 0.0056, n = 40). No association was observed in anti-PD-1 monotherapy-treated patients (50% vs. 47%, P = 0.4636, n = 50). Melanoma biopsies with high densities of CD16+ macrophages contained upregulated gene expression of critical T-cell recruiting chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11).

Conclusions:
Our data demonstrate that tumor microenvironments enriched with CD16+ macrophages are favorable for response to combination anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapy but not anti-PD-1 monotherapy. These data provides a potential biomarker of response for combination immunotherapies in patients with metastatic melanoma.
See related commentary by Smithy and Luke, p. 2345
Prediction of Summer Precipitation in North China: Role of the Evolution of Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies from Boreal Winter to Spring
Authors: Liang Yu , Fan Lei , Yang Jianling 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Prediction of summer precipitation in north China (NCP) has long been a challenge partly because its low correlation with previous sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies (SSTA) limits the application of SST in NCP prediction. This study aims to extract optimal predictors of NCP from the SST field using an objective method—empirically optimal screening (EOS). It finds that the optimal precursory signal of NCP lies in the change of SSTA from winter to spring rather than the SSTA itself. This study identifies two optimal precursory signs predicting a positive (negative) NCP anomaly: the anomalous SST cooling (warming) from winter to spring in the coastal area of Somalia and Peru. Interestingly, these two presummer conditions have considerable independence, but they lead to a similar summer development of La Niña (El Niño). In summer, the tropical precipitation anomaly pattern associated with La Niña (El Niño) development excites a meridional wave train over the western Pacific and the circumglobal teleconnection in the Northern Hemisphere. Both of the anomalous wave trains show abnormal high (low) pressure over northeast Asia, which induces the south (north) wind anomalies over north China and produces abundant (deficient) precipitation there. These results highlight the importance of the SST evolution from winter to spring, break through the limitation of SST application in NCP prediction, and thus bring a prospect of improving NCP forecast skills.

Significance Statement
Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are most used as predictors in climate prediction. However, the forecast of summer precipitation in north China is limited by its low correlation with prior SST anomalies. In this paper, we find that the optimal precursory signal of north China precipitation (NCP) is not the SST anomaly itself, but the changes of SST anomalies from winter to spring in the coastal area of Somalia and Peru. These two precursory signals are almost independent yet indicate similar summer situations leading to NCP anomaly. These results highlight the importance of the dynamic evolution of sea surface temperature in improving the forecast skill of NCP.
Remote Instruction in Focused Assessment With Sonography in Trauma (FAST) Exams for Surgery Residents: A Pilot Study
Authors: Mao Rui-Min D. , Williams Taylor P. , Shah Nikhil R. , Snyder Clifford , Person Joshua , Klimberg Vicki Suzanne , Mador Brett , Buchanan Brian , Perez Alexander 
Published: February 2023

Background The Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) exam is an important component to the evaluation of trauma patients. With advances in technology and meeting limitations due to COVID-19, remote instruction and learning have gained popularity. We sought to determine whether remote instruction of FAST exams was feasible as sustainable surgical education and a possible alternative to traditional in-person teaching. Methods General surgery residents completed a baseline survey and skills assessment on FAST exams and were then randomized to remote or in-person instruction. The remote group participated in an instructional session with a content expert through video conference and then practiced on a simulated mannequin while the expert remotely provided feedback. The in-person group received the experience with the content expert in the room. Both groups completed a post-course survey immediately after the session and a follow-up survey and objective assessment at six-months. Results were compared with two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results 14 residents underwent the curriculum, seven in each group. There was a significant increase in self-reported confidence when comparing pre- and immediate post-course results for both the remote and in-person groups. At six months, confidence scores remained elevated and skill assessment scores improved, although the latter did not reach significance. There was no significant difference in post-course results between the groups. Conclusions Remote instruction of FAST exams was feasible. Pilot data demonstrated an increase in confidence and suggest outcomes that are similar to in-person instruction, which has positive implications for future remote educational and potentially clinical initiatives.
Duration of Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Ballistic Fractures to the Extremities
Authors: Faber Nathaniel A. , Kathe Noah H. , Myers Richard J. , Collins Jay N. 
Published: February 2023

Background In the U.S. there are thousands of ballistic firearm injuries to the extremities and subsequent infections, yearly. There is a lack of consensus regarding the ideal duration of antibiotic treatment to prevent infection of these wounds. Our study investigated infection rate among ballistic extremity fracture patients based on antibiotic prophylaxis duration, operative management, wound severity, and fracture location. Materials and Methods Retrospective chart review of ballistic extremity fracture patients from a single trauma center from 01/01/2010 to 12/31/2020. Results Of 1611 fracture cases screened, 193 met our inclusion criteria. Infection rate was significantly higher among patients who received antibiotic prophylaxis for ≥48 hours (19.4%) compared to those who received antibiotics for <48 hours (4.4%) (Chi2 = 9.89, P = .001). This trend continued among patients who underwent operative management ( P < .001), patients with articular ballistic fractures ( P = .014), patients with non-articular ballistic fractures ( P = .03), and patients with ballistic fractures to the lower extremities ( P = .003). There was no difference in the rate of infection between patients who received ≥48 hours or <48 hours of antibiotic prophylaxis among patients with Gustilo-Anderson grade I, grade II, or grade III injuries, patients with ballistic fracture to the upper extremities, and patients who did not undergo operative management. Discussion Across all analyses in the present study, there was not a single correlation between antibiotic prophylaxis duration for ≥48 hours and lower rates of subsequent infection. For patients with ballistic fractures to the extremities, prophylactic antibiotic administration for ≥48 hours is unwarranted.