bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodic Acid Modification of Chemical‐Bath Deposited SnO2 Electron Transport Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells and Mini Modules
Authors: Wu Ziyi , Su Jiazheng , Chai Nianyao , Cheng Siyang , Wang Xuanyu , Zhang Ziling , Liu Xuanling , Zhong Han , Yang Jianfei , Wang Zhiping , Liu Jianbo , Li Xin , Lin Hong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChemical bath deposition (CBD) has been demonstrated as a remarkable technology to fabricate high‐quality SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) for large‐area perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, surface defects always exist on the SnO2 film coated by the CBD process, impairing the devices’ performance. Here, a facile periodic acid post‐treatment (PAPT) method is developed to modify the SnO2 layer. Periodic acid can react with hydroxyl groups on the surface of SnO2 films and oxidize Tin(II) oxide to Tin(IV) oxide. With the help of periodic acid, a better energy level alignment between the SnO2 and perovskite layers is achieved. In addition, the PAPT method inhibits interfacial nonradiative recombination and facilitates charge transportation. Such a multifunctional strategy enables to fabricate PSC with a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.25%, which remains 93.32% of its initial efficiency after 3000 h without any encapsulation. Furthermore, 3 × 3 cm2 perovskite mini‐modules are presented, achieving a champion efficiency of 18.10%. All these results suggest that the PAPT method is promising for promoting the commercial application of large‐area PSCs.
High‐Throughput Screening of High‐Entropy Fluorite‐Type Oxides as Potential Candidates for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Kumbhakar Mukesh , Khandelwal Anurag , Jha Shikhar Krishn , Kante Monaha Veerraju , Keßler Pirmin , Lemmer Uli , Hahn Horst , Aghassi‐Hagmann Jasmin , Colsmann Alexander , Breitung Ben , Velasco Leonardo , Schweidler Simon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHigh‐throughput (HT) synthesis and HT characterization techniques are becoming increasingly important due to the ever‐increasing complexity of materials and applications of advanced functional compounds. This work reports on the high‐throughput compilation of material libraries of high‐entropy oxides with fluorite crystal structure and tunable band gaps to be used as, e.g., semiconductors for photovoltaic applications. The material libraries cover the high‐entropy range of rare‐earth oxides with 5, 6, and 7 different cations (Ce, La, Sm, Pr, Tb, Y, and Zr) in near equimolar concentrations, but also the medium entropy range with 4 cations. The atmosphere used during or after synthesis is found to have a large effect on the band gap of these materials. Multivalent rare‐earth cations such as Ce/Pr/Tb enable reversible tuning of the band gap between 2.0 and 3.5 eV upon calcination under various oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. The high‐entropy fluorite oxides with smaller band gaps exhibit high electron mobility and transport energy levels compatible with common solar cell architectures.
Stereochemistry and functions of the new cysteinyl‐resolvin, 4S,5R‐RCTR1, in efferocytosis and erythrophagocytosis of human senescent erythrocytes
Authors: Nshimiyimana Robert , Libreros Stephania , Simard Mélissa , Chiang Nan , Rodriguez Ana R. , Spur Bernd W. , Haeggström Jesper Z. , Serhan Charles N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSpecialized pro‐resolving lipid mediators play key functions in the resolution of the acute inflammatory response. Herein, we elucidate the stereochemical structure of the new 4S,5R‐RCTR1, a cysteinyl‐resolvin, recently uncovered in human leukocytes incubated with a 4S,5S‐epoxy‐resolvin intermediate, using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and ultra‐violet (UV) spectrophotometry. With this approach, the physical properties of the new mediator prepared by total organic synthesis were matched to enzymatically produced biogenic material. In addition, we confirmed the potent biological actions of 4S,5R‐RCTR1 with human M2‐like macrophage phagocytosis of live bacteria, efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils, and erythrophagocytosis of senescent human red blood cells in a concentration‐dependent manner from 0.1 to 10 nM. Taken together, these results establish the complete stereochemistry of 4S,5R‐RCTR1 as 5R‐glutathionyl‐4S,17S‐dihydroxy‐6E,8E,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z‐docosahexaenoic acid and give evidence of its novel bioactivities in human phagocyte responses. Moreover, they confirm and extend the stereoselective functions of the 4S,5R‐RCTR1 with isolated human phagocytes of interest in the resolution of inflammation.
Do PACS1 variants impeding adaptor protein binding predispose to syndromic intellectual disability?
Authors: Moller‐Hansen Ashley , Hejla Duha , Lee Hyun Kyung , Lyles Jenea Barbara , Yang Yunhan , Chen Kun , Li Wenhui Laura , Thomas Gary , Boerkoel Cornelius F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo date, PACS1‐neurodevelopmental disorder (PACS1‐NDD) has been associated with recurrent variation of Arg203 and is considered diagnostic of PACS1‐NDD, an autosomal dominant syndromic intellectual disability disorder. Although incompletely defined, the proposed disease mechanism for this variant is altered PACS1 affinity for its client proteins. Given this proposed mechanism, we hypothesized that PACS1 variants that interfere with binding of adaptor proteins might also give rise to syndromic intellectual disability. Herein, we report a proposita and her mother with phenotypic features overlapping PACS1‐NDD and a novel PACS1 variant (NM_018026.3:c.[755C > T];[=], p.(Ser252Phe)) that impedes binding of the adaptor protein GGA3 (Golgi‐associated, gamma‐adaptin ear‐containing, ARF‐binding protein 3). We hypothesize that attenuating PACS1 binding of GGA3 also gives rise to a disorder with features overlapping those of PACS1‐NDD. This observation better delineates the mechanism by which PACS1 variation predisposes to syndromic intellectual disability.
A neuron‐specific Isca1 knockout rat developments multiple mitochondrial dysfunction syndromes
Authors: Sheng Hanxuan , Lu Dan , Qi Xiaolong , Ling Yahao , Li Jing , Zhang Xu , Dong Wei , Chen Wei , Gao Shan , Gao Xiang , Zhang Li , Zhang Lianfeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMultiple mitochondrial dysfunction syndromes (MMDS) are rare mitochondrial diseases caused by mutation of mitochondrial iron–sulfur cluster synthesis proteins. This study established a rat model simulating MMDS5 disease in the nervous system to investigate its pathological features and neuronal death.MethodsWe generated neuron‐specific Isca1 knockout rat (Isca1flox/flox ‐NeuN‐Cre) using CRISPR‐Cas9 technology. The brain structure changes of CKO rats were studied with MRI, and the behavior abnormalities were analyzed through gait analysis and open field tests, Y maze tests and food maze tests. The pathological changes of neurons were analyzed through H&E staining, Nissl staining, and Golgi staining. Mitochondrial damage was assessed by TEM, western blot and ATP assay, and the morphology of neurons was assessed by WGA immunofluorescence to detect the death of neurons.ResultsThis study established the disease model of MMDS5 in the nervous system for the first time, and found that after Isca1 loss, the rats suffered from developmental retardation, epilepsy, memory impairment, massive neuronal death, reduced number of Nissl bodies and dendritic spines, mitochondrial fragmentation, cristae fracture, reduced content of respiratory chain complex protein, and reduced production of ATP. Isca1 knockout caused neuronal oncosis.ConclusionsThis rat model can be used to study the pathogenesis of MMDS. In addition, compared with human MMDS5, the rat model can survive up to 8 weeks of age, effectively extending the window of clinical treatment research, and can be used for the treatment of neurological symptoms in other mitochondrial diseases.
Controlling the Strong Metal‐Support Interaction Overlayer Structure in Pt/TiO2Catalysts Prevents Particle Evaporation
Authors: Beck Arik , Frey Hannes , Huang Xing , Clark Adam H. , Goodman Emmett D. , Cargnello Matteo , Willinger Marc , van Bokhoven Jeroen A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPlatinum nanoparticles (NPs) supported by titania exhibit a strong metal‐support interaction (SMSI)[1]that can induce overlayer formation and encapsulation of the NP's with a thin layer of support material. This encapsulation modifies the catalyst's properties, such as increasing its chemoselectivity[2]and stabilizing it against sintering.[3]Encapsulation is typically induced during high‐temperature reductive activation and can be reversed through oxidative treatments.[1]However, recent findings indicate that the overlayer can be stable in oxygen.[4, 5]Using in situ transmission electron microscopy, we investigated how the overlayer changes with varying conditions. We found that exposure to oxygen below 400 °C caused disorder and removal of the overlayer upon subsequent hydrogen treatment. In contrast, elevating the temperature to 900 °C while maintaining the oxygen atmosphere preserved the overlayer, preventing platinum evaporation when exposed to oxygen. Our findings demonstrate how different treatments can influence the stability of nanoparticles with or without titania overlayers. expanding the concept of SMSI and enabling noble metal catalysts to operate in harsh environments without evaporation associated losses during burn‐off cycling.
Nickel‐Catalyzed C−I‐Selective C(sp2)−C(sp3) Cross‐Electrophile Coupling of Bromo(iodo)arenes with Alkyl Bromides
Authors: Ying Xiaoyuan , Li Yuxi , Li Luyang , Li Chao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite several methodologies established for C(sp2)−I selective C(sp2)−C(sp3) bond formations, achieving arene‐flanked quaternary carbons by cross‐coupling of tertiary alkyl precursors with bromo(iodo)arenes in a C(sp2)−I selective manner is rare. Here we report a general Ni‐catalyzed C(sp2)−I selective cross‐electrophile coupling (XEC) reaction, in which, beyond 3° alkyl bromides (for constructing arene‐flanked quaternary carbons), 2° and 1° alkyl bromides are also demonstrated to be viable coupling partners. Moreover, this mild XEC displays excellent C(sp2)−I selectivity and functional group compatibility. The practicality of this XEC is demonstrated in simplifying the routes to several medicinally relevant and synthetically challenging compounds. Extensive experiments show that the terpyridine‐ligated NiI halide can exclusively activate alkyl bromides, forming a NiI−alkyl complex through a Zn reduction. Attendant density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal two different pathways for the oxidative addition of the NiI−alkyl complex to the C(sp2)−I bond of bromo(iodo)arenes, explaining both the high C(sp2)−I selectivity and generality of our XEC.
Synthesis of N‐Monosubstituted Sulfondiimines by Metal‐free Iminations of Sulfilimium Salts
Authors: Passia Marco T. , Bormann Niklas , Ward Jas S. , Rissanen Kari , Bolm Carsten 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSulfondiimines are marginalized entities among nitrogen‐containing organosulfur compounds, despite offering promising properties for applications in various fields including medicinal and agrochemical. Herein, we present a metal‐free and rapid synthetic procedure for the synthesis of N‐monosubstituted sulfondiimines that overcomes current limitations in their synthetic accessibility. Particularly, S,S‐dialkyl substrates, which are commonly difficult to convert by existing methods, react well with a combination of iodine, 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐en (DBU), and iminoiodinanes (PhINR) in acetonitrile (MeCN) to furnish the corresponding sulfondiimines in yields up to 85 % (25 examples). Valuable “free” NH‐N′H‐sulfondiimines can then be accessed by N‐deprotection under mild reaction conditions. Several experimental observations suggest a mechanistic pathway diverging from the common radical‐based iodine/iminoiodinane mechanism. Based on the experimental results in combination with data obtained by 1H NMR spectroscopy, ESI mass spectrometry, and crystallographic analysis we propose a direct amination from PhINNs and a reaction path via a cationic iodonitrene.
Online evaluation of the boiler energy efficiency associated with the soot blowing in coal‐fired power plants
Authors: Zou Hengfei , Yuan Jingqi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSoot blowing is a common practice in coal‐fired power plants to ensure high energy conversion rate. The period of the conventional soot blowing is usually fixed, without the consideration of the load change and feeding coal switching. For the purpose of the soot blowing optimization, an approach to quantitatively evaluate the performance of soot blowing operations is proposed. Different heat exchangers' thermal resistances are calculated based on dynamic mass and energy balance to monitor their ash fouling deposition, and then, the boiler energy efficiency is predicted, adopting the rolling extreme tree boosting algorithm, and finally, the efficiencies with and without soot blowing are computed separately. With the data collected from a 350 MW ultra‐supercritical unit, pseudo‐online simulations are performed. The results show that even if the energy efficiency of the unit has exceeded 94%, a full‐process soot blowing may further increase the efficiency in some extent. For those subcritical units, the benefits should be higher.
Periodic event‐triggered consensus based on triggered communication states for multi‐agent systems with packet losses
Authors: Chen Bing , Chen Yangzhou 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, periodic event‐triggered leaderless and leader‐following consensus problems are studied for linear multi‐agent systems with deterministic packet losses under the generic directed communication topology. Specially, an event‐triggered mechanism is proposed, which only needs to communicate the event‐triggered states of the agent and verify the event‐triggered condition at the periodic sampling instants. A switched system with stable and unstable subsystems is used to describe packet dropouts in a deterministic way. The incidence matrix of a directed spanning tree in the directed communication topology is utilized to construct a linear transformation so that the consensus problems are equivalently transformed into the asymptotic stability problems of reduced‐order systems. Then, some sufficient consensus conditions are derived and the consensus protocol gains are designed. Finally, simulation examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Equivalence‐based controllability of dimension‐varying systems on quotient space
Authors: Fan Naqi , Zhang Lijun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe quotient space approach is considered as an effective and pioneering tool to model the transient dynamics of dimension‐varying systems recently. In this paper, we focus on the controllability of dimension‐varying systems that are modeled by the quotient space approach. First, we investigate the relation of controllability matrix between so‐called equivalent lifting systems. The result of the investigation prompts us to propose a new concept called equivalent class controllability for dimension‐varying systems on quotient space. Moreover, the coordinate transformation of states on quotient space is studied. Based on it, the controllable normal form of dimension‐varying systems on quotient space, which follows the criterion for the equivalent class controllability, is presented.
A detailed infrared detectors systems overview of MOONS VLT instrument
Authors: Álvarez Domingo , Ives Derek , George Elizabeth M. , Reyes Javier , Bezawada Naidu , Serra Benoit , Iwert Olaf , Mueller Eric , Conzelmann Ralf , Geimer Christopher 
Published: May 2023

MOONS is a multi‐object spectrograph that will be installed at the Nasmyth focus of the VLT ESO Telescopes in Chile. The instrument has the capacity to deploy approximately 1000 fibers over a field of view of 500 square arcminutes, with a total wavelength coverage of from 0.6 to 1.8 m, offering both low‐ and medium‐resolution modes. The high demand for fast and large optics in all spectral channels prompted the use of similar Schmidt cameras. As a result, the Detector Unit (DU) must be located within the optical beam and its footprint must be minimized to reduce vignetting. The instrument consists of four H4RG‐15um pixel detectors and two fully depleted LBNL CCDs. This article provides a comprehensive description of the detector systems, focusing particularly on the H4RG‐15, including a brief overview of the newly developed cryogenic pre‐amplifier for 64‐output operation, and a detailed discussion of the woven cable technology used for signal routing. Some results of the characterization of three H4RG detectors are presented, with a focus on crosstalk and buffer output performance. The use of the buffer output for the H4RG results in a glow‐per‐read observed at the bottom of the detectors. This article also describes the trade‐offs and alternatives used to optimize detector performance in this situation.
Impact of Aluminium Electrode Potential during Charging on Aluminium‐Ion Battery Performance with TEA‐AlCl3 Electrolyte
Authors: Mukundan Charan , Eckert Martin , Drillet Jean‐Francois 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn aluminium (Al) symmetric cell, potentials during Al deposition on an Al foil at 1 mA cm−2 were 60–70 mV higher in TEA‐AlCl3 electrolyte compared to those measured with EMIMCl‐AlCl3 reference. Because of higher electrochemical stability of TEA‐AlCl3 solution, cut‐off voltage of charging step in AIB full‐cell was set to 2.45 V compared to 2.40 V for the reference cell. During long‐term cycling at 1 A g−1, the specific capacity of the AIB cell employing TEA‐AlCl3 increased from 60 to 94 mAh g−1 (57 %) after 1000 cycles while that of cell with EMIMCl‐AlCl3 was quite constant at about 60 mAh g−1. This behaviour was explained by continuous decreasing in Al electrode potential at End‐of‐Charge state (EOC) during deposition reaction (charging step) in TEA‐AlCl3 allowing an increase in graphite electrode potential and consequently in AIB cell capacity over the whole experiment. This increase in capacity was accompanied by a raise of defect sites in graphite material.
Concordance between alizarin red stained skeleton and micro‐CT skeleton evaluation methods: A case study in New Zealand White rabbits
Authors: Solomon Howard M. , Murzyn Stacia , Rendemonti Joyce , Chapman Sharon , Cheng Shih‐Hsun , Jucker Beat M. , Stanislaus Dinesh , Gehman Andrew , Alsaid Hasan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to examine the fetal skeletons using both alizarin red stain and micro‐computed tomography (CT) images; investigate differences, and to determine if the conclusions of the study were the same regardless of the examination method.MethodsA candidate drug was given orally by gavage to pregnant New Zealand White rabbits on gestation day (GD) 7 to GD 19 (mating = GD 0) at doses of 0 (control), 0.02, 0.5, 5, and 15 mg/kg/day. Maternal toxicity was evident at ≥0.02 mg/kg/day. The 199 fetal skeletons (totaling 50,546 skeletal elements) obtained at cesarean delivery on GD29 were first stained with Alizarin Red S, then imaged by a Siemens Inveon micro‐CT scanner. All fetal skeletons were examined by both methods, without knowledge of dose group, and the results were compared.ResultsIn total, 33 types of skeletal abnormalities were identified. There was 99.8% concordance of results comparing stain to micro‐CT. Ossification of the middle phalanx of the forepaw digit 5 showed the greatest difference between the two methods.ConclusionOverall, micro‐CT imaging is a realistic, and robust alternative to skeletal staining to examine fetal rabbit skeletons in developmental toxicity studies.
Spiked nanorosette: A novel zinc oxide‐gold textured nanostructure for impedance biosensing of target DNA signatures
Authors: Haarindraprasad Rajintra Prasad , Thurga Devi Nathan , Thevendran Ramesh , Maheswaran Solayappan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe creation of nanostructure is profound for the generation of nanobiosensors in several medical diagnosis. Here, we employed an aqueous hydrothermal route using Zinc‐oxide (ZnO) and Gold (Au), which under optimal conditions formed an ultra‐crystalline rose‐like nanostructure textured with nanowires on the surface, coined as "spiked nanorosette." The spiked nanorosette structures was further characterized to possess crystallites of ZnO and Au grains with average sizes of 27.60 and 32.33 nm, respectively. The intensity for both ZnO (002) and Au (111) planes of the nanocomposite was inferred to be controlled by fine‐tuning the percentage of Au nanoparticles doped in the ZnO/Au matrix, as referred by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The formation of ZnO/Au‐hybrid nanorosettes were additionally verified by the distinct corresponding peaks from photoluminescence and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, supported by electrical validations. The biorecognition properties of the spiked nanorosettes were also examined using custom targeted and non‐target DNA sequences. The DNA targeting capabilities of the nanostructures were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The fabricated nanowire‐embedded nanorosette exhibited a detection limit at the lower picomolar range of 1 × 10−12 M, with high selectivity, stability and reproducibility and good linearity, under optimal conditions. Impedance‐based techniques are more sensitive to the detection of nucleic acid molecule whereas this novel spiked nanorosette demonstrate promising attributes as excellent nanostructures for nanobiosensor developments and their potential future application for nucleic‐acids or disease diagnostics.
Improvements in skills and knowledge after a comprehensive ELISA teaching course for biotechnology undergraduates
Authors: Yan Jingmin , Chen Jiangao , Mao Xuhu , Li Qian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs a universal and extensively adopted technique, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can be used to detect and quantify small molecules in many applications both clinical and analytical. However, generally, students experiment mechanically using commercial ELISA kits according to the instructions and eventually produce a standard curve to calculate the concentration of the sample to be measured, cannot understand the critical factors and process of method establishment. This study systematically introduced undergraduates to using the pathogen‐specific antigen and establishing an indirect ELISA method to detect the diagnostic target pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei. This course aimed to develop the experimental skills of the students and improve their scientific research knowledge, which fully embody the organic combination of scientific research and teaching. Students independently selected the diagnostic antigen target of interest, obtained the antigen proteins using genetic engineering techniques, and established an ELISA method through a series of conditional optimization experiments. In addition, typical student‐generated data, experimental methods, and a student feedback interpretation are presented in this study. Overall, the students were able to combine abstract knowledge with practice and understand the principles and applications of antigen–antibody interactions, thus enabling them to gain practical experience in molecular biology techniques, and learn how to use this principle to establish an ELISA method for detecting infectious diseases.