bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mountains in Oman Can Store Huge Amounts of CO2 if a Way Can Be Found Into the Tight Rock
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: June 2023

Every year, the unusual mix of minerals in the Hajar Mountains near the coast of Oman traps 100,000 tons of carbon in the rock. That estimate is a tiny fraction of the potential of the mountain range and a few others like it in the world.
Based on decades of work by geologists studying this unique formation—known as the Samail Ophiolite—the highly reactive rocks called peridotites can theoretically trap one-half ton of CO2 per ton of that rock in the Hajar Mountains, which extend into the UAE.
A leading voice among the researchers who made the 100,000-ton estimate and developed ideas for removing trillions of tons of carbon from the atmosphere is Peter Kelemen, a professor at Columbia University in New York City.
In a 2019 story in Scientific American, Kelemen said that if it is possible to speed the pace of mineralization “by a factor of a million”—something he thinks is doable with a bit of engineering—“then you end up with a billion tons of CO2 per cubic kilometer of rock per year.”
That potential inspired an Omani entrepreneur, Talal Hasan, to start a company based on the work of Kelemen and colleagues including Juerg Matter, a geochemist now working at the University of Southampton in England. The result was startup 44.01, named for the molecular mass of carbon, where Kelemen serves as an advisor and Matter works part time.
The company’s website describes its plan: “Carbon mineralization in peridotite is happening all the time—we simply speed up the natural process.”
It is a simple-sounding goal. But what it will take to realize the vast potential is anything but simple. In an interview, Kelemen identified why: “The main concern is that the rocks are not very porous.”
Or very permeable, which helps explain why large amounts of highly reactive elements have remained untouched over the 96 million years these reactive minerals have been on land.
The hard rocks in this formation, particularly magnesium-rich olivine, were produced when magma flowed up from the mantle to a mid-ocean ridge where it cooled and the thick layer of rock spread out toward what is now Oman and the UAE, and something extraordinary happened.
When it reached the boundary between two plates, it normally would have returned to the depths of the earth. Instead, it collided with another ophioplite and was ultimately thrust up onto land.
When the theory of plate tectonics transformed geological thinking during the second half of the 20th century, this giant anomaly became a destination for geologists eager to study a rare outcrop of rock from the mantle, including Kelemen.
They also could have gone to New Guinea to look at a similar display of mantle rock or scattered sites in the western US, among other places, where ophiolites are present. But the Hajar Mountains comprise the biggest ophiolite of them all.
Speeding carbon mineralization from geological rates to the pace needed to help stop global warming poses a fundamental problem common to unconventional oil and gas—creating flow paths in tight rock on a limited budget.
Technology Focus: Deepwater Fields (May 2023)
Authors: Alwazzan Amir 
Published: June 2023

The dearth of investments, burgeoning stringent environmental regulations, and the looming energy transition all can be serious hindrances to the oil and gas industry. While several questions are being asked about the steadfastness of alternatives to competently meet the growing demand for energy, our industry is mature enough not to trivialize the challenging future. Industry key players and associated organizations have to steer away from flawed assumptions in order to develop realistic, trustworthy, and value-creating strategies to safeguard the business imperative of sustainability.
Considering the admirable perpetual transformation of the deepwater sector and the crucial impetus for change in the industry, the yearning for aggrandized and augmented innovative advancements is needed more now than ever. Such betterments are essential for these developments to increase the success of finding new discoveries, enhance the operability of their fields, and demonstrate the valorization of their assets to sustain their viability. It is a journey that requires cultural organizational transformation rather than attentive changes in order to focus on abating the effects of emerging challenges while emulating the past success of being a hub for adapting sophisticated engineering solutions.
As the deepwater sector embraces the dramatic cutting-edge technical transformation with a digital deluge—artificial intelligence, machine learning, the Internet of things, and automation of operations and remote management—the operators of this sector have an uncontested opportunity to properly adopt and adapt to rigorous operational excellence management systems (OEMS) to balance the investments with the targeted benefits. Effective OEMS can significantly aid identification of bottlenecks; assess the existing processes, procedures, and protocols; and introduce the right solutions for improvement. They are of great benefit for operators to precisely and informatively prioritize in a timely manner areas of pioneering technical advancements needed to assure agility and resilience. It is time for our industry, and the deepwater section in particular, to heed Vince Lombardi’s quote: “Perfection is not attainable, but if we chase perfection, we can catch excellence.”
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
SPE 207376 A Novel Approach to First-in-the-World Retrieval of Open-Water Vertical Tree by William Sin Yoong Liew, Petronas, et al.
OTC 31920 Reducing Wellbore Cooling Risks for Operational Success in Highly Depleted Sands in a Deepwater Reservoir by Jessica Avila, Chevron, et al.
OTC 31223 Triple Managed-Pressure-Drilling Technique for Drilling and Intelligent Completion Deployment on an Abandoned Deepwater Well by André Alonso Fernandes, Petrobras, et al.
Impact assessment of Climate change on Subarnarekha watershed of Ranchi stretch in Jharkhand
Authors: Kadave Kiran Prakash , Kumari Neeta 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The present study deals with the assessment of impact of climate change on water bodies and land use land cover of the study area. Water supply gets adversely affected due to climate change. Subarnarekha River watershed in Ranchi region is selected as the study area. The study area coordinates are 23°27'1.27"N to 23°16'52.39"N and 85°39'51.98"E to 85°18'10.00"E. The selected river stretch is 50.7 kms. The water samples are taken seasonally from twelve sampling points and analysed for basic water quality parameters. The worst affected parameters were salinity and total dissolved solids. Rest of the quality parameters have also shown significant changes with respect to temperature. The climate change induced a change in rainfall and vegetation cover which have eventually caused the change in magnitude and intensity of hydrological variables such as runoff, evapotranspiration and baseflow. The ecosystem in arid and semi-arid areas is degraded as a result of land use/land cover change (LULC) due to climate change. With the use of ArcGIS software, NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) maps for pre monsoon and post monsoon is prepared to determine the coverage of water in the Subarnarekha watershed of Ranchi District with respect to time using the satellite data form LANDSAT 8 satellite. The Results of NDWI maps show there was difference in the area of water bodies in the post monsoon season.
Maternal-based paternal DNA methylation remodeling in rice zygote
Authors: Zhou Dao-Xiu , Liu Qian , Ma Xuan , Li Xue , Zhang Xin , Zhou Shao , Zhao Yu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Epigenetic reprogramming occurs during reproduction to reset the genome for early development. In flowering plants, mechanistic details of parental methylation remodeling in zygote remain elusive. Analysis of allelic-specific DNA methylation in rice hybrid zygotes and during early embryo development indicates that paternal DNA methylation is predominantly remodeled to match maternal allelic levels upon fertilization, which persists after the first zygotic division. The DMA methylation remodeling pattern supports the predominantly maternal-biased gene expression during zygotic genome activation (ZGA) in rice. However, parental allelic-specific methylations are reestablished at the globular embryo stage and associate with allelic-specific histone modification patterns in hybrids. These results reveal a maternal-controlled paternal DNA methylation remodeling pattern for zygotic genome reprograming and suggest existence of a chromatin memory allowing parental allelic-specific methylation to be maintained in the hybrid.
Development and Validation of a Short-Form Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire
Authors: Sun Shuyu , Liu Hongzhi , Zheng Guo , Guan Qihua , Wang Yinghao , Wang Jie , Qi Yan , Yan Yuxiang , Wang Youxin , Wen Jun , Hou Haifeng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Suboptimal health status (SHS) is a reversible, borderline state between optimal health and disease. Although this condition’s definition is widely understood, related questionnaires must be developed to identify individuals with SHS in various populations relative to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM/3PM). This study presents a short-form suboptimal health status questionnaire (the SHSQ-SF) that appears to possess sufficient reliability and validity to assess SHS in large-scale populations.
Methods
A total of 6,183 participants enrolled from southern China constituted a training set, while 4,113 participants from northern China constituted an external validation set. The SHSQ-SF includes nine key items from the Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire-25 (SHSQ-25), an instrument that has been applied in Caucasians, Asians, and Africans. Item analysis and reliability and validity tests were carried out to validate the SHSQ-SF. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to identify an optimal cutoff value for SHS diagnosis.
Results
The Cronbach’s α coefficient for the training dataset was 0.902; the split-half reliability was 0.863. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) value was 0.880, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant (χ2 = 32,929.680, p < 0.05). Both Kaiser’s criteria (eigenvalues > 1) and the scree plot revealed one factor explaining 57.008% of the total variance. Standardized factor loadings for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indices ranged between 0.59 and 0.74, with χ2/dƒ = 4.972, GFI = 0.996, CFI = 0.996, RFI = 0.989, and RMSEA = 0.031. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was equal to 0.985 (95% CI: 0.983–0.988) for the training dataset. A cutoff value (≥ 11) was then identified for SHS diagnosis. The SHSQ-SF showed good discriminatory power for the external validation dataset (AUC = 0.975, 95% CI: 0.971–0.979) with a sensitivity of 96.2% and a specificity of 87.4%.
Conclusions
We developed a short form of the SHS questionnaire that demonstrated sound reliability and validity when assessing SHS in Chinese residents. From a PPPM/3PM perspective, the SHSQ-SF is recommended for rapid screening of individuals with SHS in large-scale populations.
Effect of salt stress on growth, physio-chemical mechanisms and anatomical alterations of Nigella sativa L
Authors: Akhter Noreen , Ali Ayesha , Aqeel Muhammad , Kausar Abida , Shahnaz Muhammad Muslim , Batool Riffat , Zahra Noreen , Noman Ali , Irshad Muhammad Kashif 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nigella sativa L. (Black cumin ) is a medicinal plant, well known for its uses as herbal medicine for the treatment of many health conditions like asthma, inflammation and bronchitis. It is an enriched source of protein, antioxidants and oil contents. In this study, Black cumin was studied for the estimation of osmoprotectants and anatomical features under salt stress. Black cumin seeds were obtained from the Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad (AARI). The experiment was planned in the Botanic Research area of Government College Women University Faisalabad. The experimental design was completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replicates per treatment. After 4 weeks of germination, plants were treated with different concentrations of salt (control, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl). After 6 weeks of salt treatment once in week plants were harvested and analyzed for different morpho-physiological, biochemical and anatomical attributes. Results showed that biomass production (fresh and dry weight) and plant height were decreased in Black cumin under salt stress. However, Plants with high to moderate (50 to 200 mM NaCl) salt concentration reduced root epidermal thickness depicting their adaptation strategy under salt stress. Furthermore, the area of the root and stem cortical cells was reduced in all salt-treated plants which avoid water loss during osmotic stress. Increasing salt stress in the growth-medium of Black cumin showed stunted growth and anatomical modifications.
Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms, TGF-β1 promoter methylation, and polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Gao Mengge , Liu Xiaohua , Gu Heng , Xu Hang , Zhong Wenyao , Wei Xiangcai , Zhong Xingming 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disease in women. Hyperandrogenaemia (HA) and insulin resistance (IR) are the basic pathophysiological characteristics of PCOS. The aetiology of PCOS has not been fully identified and is generally believed to be related to the combined effects of genetic, metabolic, internal, and external factors. Current studies have not screened for PCOS susceptibility genes in a large population. Here, we aimed to study the effect of TGF-β1 methylation on the clinical PCOS phenotype.
Methods
In this study, three generations of family members with PCOS with IR as the main characteristic were selected as research subjects. Through whole exome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, TGF-β1 was screened as the PCOS susceptibility gene in this family. The epigenetic DNA methylation level of TGF-β1 in peripheral blood was detected by heavy sulfite sequencing in patients with PCOS clinically characterised by IR, and the correlation between the DNA methylation level of the TGF-β1 gene and IR was analysed. We explored whether the degree of methylation of this gene affects IR and whether it participates in the occurrence and development of PCOS.
Results
The results of this study suggest that the hypomethylation of the CpG4 and CpG7 sites in the TGF-β1 gene promoter may be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS IR by affecting the expression of the TGF-β1 gene.
Conclusions
This study provides new insights into the aetiology and pathogenesis of PCOS.
2D Quasi-Layered Material with Domino Structure
Authors: Lan Haihui , Wang Luyang , He Runze , Huang Shuyi , Yu Jinqiu , Luo Jingrui , Li Yiling , Lin Jiaxin , Zhang Shunping , Zeng Mengqi , Fu Lei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Interlayer coupling strength dichotomizes two-dimensional (2D) materials into layered and non-layered types. Traditionally, they can be regarded as atomic layers intrinsically linked via van der Waals (vdW) forces or covalent bonds, oriented orthogonally to their growth plane. In our work, we report an unprecedented material system that differentiates from layered and non-layered materials, termed quasi-layered domino-structured (QLDS) materials. Considering the skewed structure, the force orthogonal to the 2D QLDS-GaTe growth plane constitutes a synergistic blend of vdW forces and covalent bonds, with neither of them being perpendicular to the 2D growth plane. This feature endows remarkable anisotropy, second harmonic generation enhancement with a staggering susceptibility of 394.3 pm V−1, and outstanding hydrogen evolution reaction catalytic activity with an ultra-low overpotential of 41 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a modest Tafel slope of 73 mV dec−1. These findings endow further applications arranged in nonlinear optics, sensors, and catalysis.
Hog1-mediated stress tolerance in the pathogenic fungus Trichosporon asahii
Authors: Matsumoto Yasuhiko , Sugiyama Yu , Nagamachi Tae , Yoshikawa Asami , Sugita Takashi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Trichosporon asahii is a conditional pathogenic fungus that causes severe and sometimes fatal infections in immunocompromised patients.Hog1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase, is known to regulate the stress resistance of some pathogenic fungi, but its role in T. asahii has not been investigated. Here, we demonstrated that the hog1 gene-deficient T. asahii mutant is sensitive to high temperature, cell-membrane stress, oxidative stress, and antifungal drugs. The growth of the hog1 gene-deficient T. asahii mutant was delayed at 40˚C. The hog1 gene-deficient T. asahii mutant also exhibited sensitivity to sodium dodecyl sulfate, hydrogen peroxide, menadione, methyl methanesulfonate, UV exposure, and antifungal drugs such as amphotericin B under a glucose-rich condition. Under a glucose-restricted condition, the hog1 gene-deficient mutant exhibited sensitivity to NaCl and KCl. The virulence of the hog1gene-deficient mutant against silkworms was attenuated. Moreover, the cell viability of the hog1 gene-deficient mutant was decreased in the silkworm hemolymph. These phenotypes were restored by re-introducing the hog1 gene into the gene-deficient mutant. Our findings suggest that Hog1 has a critical role in regulating the cellular stress responses of T. asahii.
Absorption, translocation, and accumulation of the fungicide triadimefon in Pak choi (Brassica rapa var chinensis), pepper (Capsicum annuum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
Authors: Song Shanshan , Yu Qing , Yuan Longwei , Li Qin , Hao Qian , Wu Guoli , Li Yu , Lai Yunsong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Triadimefon is a typical systemic fungicide, which is widely used in disease management of powdery mildew, rust disease, and southern blight. In this study, we profiled the absorption, translocation, and accumulation in three representative vegetable crops (Pak choi, cucumber, and pepper) by measuring fungicide residue after over-application. The fungicides were applied through entire-plant spraying (EPS), root-irrigation (RI), and middle-leaf-daubing (MLD). The half-life of triadimefon depends on the application method and plant species. The half-life was 5.42 d (Pak choi), 6.86 d (cucumber), and 6.73 d (pepper) in EPS, while it was 4.39 d (Pak choi), 6.30 d (cucumber), and 5.98 d (pepper) in RI. In the treatment of EPS, triadimefon is translocated both upward/outside and downward/inner-side from the daubed leaves in all the three vegetable crops. And the transfer amount in each organ reached a peak at the 2nd day after the fungicide application. In Pak choi, mesophyll deposited more fungicide than petiole; in cucumber and pepper, leaves deposited the biggest amount of triadimefon (about 0.3–0.5 mg·kg− 1), which is followed by stems. Roots and fruits accumulated the least triadimefon. Moreover, triadimefon can impact chlorophyll, root activity, and the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in Pak choi, indicating its potential as a plant growth regulator. These studies above provide new information to apply triadimefon safely and efficiently in production of Pak choi, cucumber, and pepper.
Developing Online Communication Training to Request Donation for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA): Improving Performance to Match New US Organ Donation Targets
Authors: Siminoff Laura A. , Alolod Gerard P. , McGregor Hayley , Hasz Richard D. , Mulvania Patricia A. , Barker Laura K. , Gardiner Heather M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Approaching families of dying or newly deceased patients to donate organs requires specialized knowledge and a mastery of relational communication. As the transplantation field has progressed, Donation Professionals (DPs) are also leading conversations with family decision makers (FDMs) about the donation of uncommon anatomical gifts, such as face, hands, genitalia, referred to as Vascularized Composite Allotransplants (VCA) without much training or experience. To address the need for training, we adapted and beta tested an evidenced-based communication training program for donation discussions to VCA requests. The overarching goal of Communicating Effectively about Donation for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (CEaD-VCA) is to increase the number of VCA transplantations and to improve the socioemotional outcomes of FDMs.
Methods: We developed CEaD-VCA, an online, on-demand training program based on the previously tested, evidenced-based communication skills training program designed to train DPs to have conversations about solid organ donation. The training was modified utilizing data from a national telephone survey with DPs and results of 6 focus groups conducted with members of the general public. The survey and focus groups assessed knowledge, attitudes and barriers to VCA donation. The training was shaped by a partnership with a leading industry partner, the Gift of Life Institute.TM
Results: Using the results as a guide, the existing CEaD training program, consisting of interactive eLearning modules, was adapted to include technical information about VCA, foundational communication skills, and two interactive example VCA donation request scenarios to facilitate active learning. Forty-two DPs from two partner Organ Procurement Organizations (OPOs) participated in the beta test of CEaD-VCA. Pre- and post-test surveys assessed the impact of the training.
Conclusions: The training was scored highly by DPs in effectiveness and ease of use. This project created a standardized, accessible, and comprehensive training for DPs to communicate about VCA donation. CEaD-VCA is an example of how to develop a communication skills training for difficult conversations utilizing input from stakeholders, guided by communication theory. It also demonstrates how gaps in communication skills during medical education can be filled utilizing advanced online Learning Management Systems. The training specifically addresses new CMS rules concerning OPO performance metrics.
Che-1/miR-590-3p/TAZ axis sustains multiple myeloma disease.
Authors: Fanciulli Maurizio , Bruno Tiziana , Catena Valeria , Corleone Giacomo , Cortile Clelia , Cappelletto Maria , bellei barbara , De Nicola Francesca , Gumenyuk Svitlana , Marchesi Francesco , Annibali Ombretta , Blandino Giovanni , Agostino Silvia Di 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a blood disease characterized by the malignant accumulation of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. Among the pathological consequences of MM, defects in osteogenesis characterized by osteolytic lesions, osteopenia, and pathologic fractures are frequently described. Che-1/AATF (Che-1) is a co-transcriptional factor involved in MM transformation and proliferation. Here, we show that Che-1 expression in MM contributes to maintaining low level of WWTR1 (TAZ), a transcriptional coactivator downstream of the Hippo-signaling pathway. We report that the miR-590-3p, deriving from the mRNA splicing of the EIF4H host gene, can target TAZ, contributing to downregulating its expression in MM. Furthermore, we demonstrate by in vivo and in vitro experiments that Che-1 transcriptionally induces EIF4H gene. We provide data to support that miR-590-3p is secreted by MM cells in vitro and in vivo and that it can decrease TAZ levels and the physiological transcriptional expression of osteogenic-related genes, in mesenchymal stem cells committed to osteogenic differentiation. Our findings unveil an unexplored novel Che-1/miR-590-3p/TAZ axis in MM tumorigenesis by providing a rationale to explore the therapeutic potential of metastatic bone lesions.