bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expectations and perspectives of cognitive behavioural therapy for childhood anxiety and related disorders
Authors: Henderson Rebecca R. , Nielsen Alyssa M. , Fernandez Aqueena M. P. , Downing Seth T. , McCarty Ryan J. , Strekalova Yulia A. , Cobite-Njoh Journa , Mirhosseini Tannaz , Guzick Andrew G. , McNamara Joseph P. H. , Mathews Carol A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground:Anxiety disorders are the most frequently diagnosed psychiatric conditions in children and adolescents. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a well-established and effective treatment for anxiety and related disorders across the lifespan. Expectations of psychotherapy have been demonstrated to affect outcomes, yet there is sparse existing literature on adolescent patient and parent perspectives of CBT prior to engagement with treatment.Aims:This study aimed to qualitatively explore the expectations and perceptions of CBT for anxiety and related disorders among adolescent patients and parents.Method:Fourteen adolescent patients and 16 parents participated in semi-structured individual interviews or focus groups consisting of 2–3 participants. Interview transcripts were analysed using inductive analysis.Results:Three themes were identified: worries about CBT, expectations and knowledge of the CBT process, and the role of parents and families. Overall, we found that adolescents and parents had generally positive views of CBT. The outset of CBT saw adolescents and parents express concern about stigma as well as the ambiguity of CBT. Parents continued to express a lack of understanding of what CBT entailed during their child’s treatment course.Conclusion:These results suggest that both adolescents and parents would benefit from early discussion and reinforcement of expectations for CBT treatment. Further research efforts are warranted and should be directed towards determining appropriate expectations for parental involvement in a child’s CBT course and effective communication of treatment expectations to both adolescents and parents.
‘Nurses are seen as general cargo, not the smart TVs you ship carefully’: the politics of nurse staffing in England, Spain, Sweden, and the Netherlands
Authors: Wallenburg Iris , Friebel Rocco , Winblad Ulrika , Maynou Pujolras Laia , Bal Roland 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNurse workforce shortages put healthcare systems under pressure, moving the nursing profession into the core of healthcare policymaking. In this paper, we shift the focus from workforce policy to workforce politics and highlight the political role of nurses in healthcare systems in England, Spain, Sweden, and the Netherlands. Using a comparative discursive institutionalist approach, we study how nurses are organised and represented in these four countries. We show how nurse politics plays out at the levels of representation, working conditions, career building, and by breaking with the public healthcare system. Although there are differences between the countries – with nurses in England and Spain under more pressure than in the Netherlands and Sweden – nurses are often not represented in policy discourses; not just because of institutional ignorance but also because of fragmentation of the profession itself. This institutional ignorance and lack of collective representation, we argue, requires attention to foster the role and position of nurses in contemporary healthcare systems.
Weg mit den Sprachbarrieren
Authors: Wirth Marie-Christin , Holzberger Marie-Luise , Fußer Fabian , Frisch Stefan 
Published: September 2023

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Der steigende Anteil von Migrant_innen in der (geronto-)psychiatrischen Versorgung verdeutlicht die Notwendigkeit einer kultursensiblen Pflege trotz Sprachbarrieren. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Es wurden anhand der Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens (ATL) frei verfügbare Bildkarten in acht Sprachen entwickelt, um die alltägliche Kommunikation in der Pflege zu verbessern. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Das Kartenmaterial wird per Download zur freien Verfügung gestellt, um die interkulturelle Kommunikation in der (geronto-)psychiatrischen Pflege zu verbessern und damit die psychische Belastung für Patient_innen wie Pflegefachpersonen zu senken.
Arctic Plant Responses to Summer Climates and Flooding Events: A Study of Carbon and Nitrogen‐Related Larch Growth and Ecosystem Parameters in Northeastern Siberia
Authors: Liang Maochang , Sugimoto Atsuko , Tei Shunsuke , Takano Shinya , Morozumi Tomoki , Shingubara Ryo , Murase Jun , Maximov Trofim C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBuilt upon a 5‐year field investigation and a 13‐year satellite data set, this study examines the intricate interrelationships among ecophysiological parameters of Larix gmelinii trees and the prevailing ecosystem, climatic, and environmental factors present in the Indigirka lowlands of northeastern Siberia. It identified spatial‐temporal patterns in July needle nitrogen (N) content as an indicator of N availability from 2009 to 2013. Needle N content (%) revealed distinct yearly values: 2012 (1.31 ± 0.24), 2013 (1.67 ± 0.39), 2009 (1.72 ± 0.15), 2011 (1.84 ± 0.34), and 2010 (2.08 ± 0.25). Positive correlations were found between ecosystem and larch parameters, as well as between September temperature or February/May precipitation and subsequent July ecosystem productivity. Soil moisture (SM) primarily influences N availability across sites, with higher SM levels reducing N availability. However, July air temperature (AT) is the primary driver of interannual N availability changes, with higher temperatures enhancing N availability. Larch photosynthesis is mainly influenced by solar radiation (SR), temperature, N availability, and SM. Annual fluctuations in SR positively impact larch photosynthesis, while high temperatures or wetting events impose limitations on photosynthesis, even if N availability has increased. Consequently, a moderate correlation exists between N availability and photosynthesis across various sites and years (r = 0.422, P = 0.133, n = 14). In summary, this research provides valuable insights into climatic and environmental impacts on larch trees and ecosystems, emphasizing the significance of SM, AT, and SR for predicting future growth patterns of larch.
Three‐Dimensional Modeling of the Ground Electric Field in Fennoscandia During the Halloween Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Marshalko Elena , Kruglyakov Mikhail , Kuvshinov Alexey , Viljanen Ari 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this study, we perform three‐dimensional (3‐D) ground electric field (GEF) modeling in Fennoscandia for three days of the Halloween geomagnetic storm (29–31 October 2003) using magnetic field data from the International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effects (IMAGE) magnetometer network and a 3‐D conductivity model of the region. To explore the influence of the inducing source model on 3‐D GEF simulations, we consider three different approaches to source approximation. Within the first two approaches, the source varies laterally, whereas in the third method, the GEF is calculated by implementing the time‐domain realization of the magnetotelluric intersite impedance method. We then compare GEF‐based geomagnetically induced current (GIC) with observations at the Mäntsälä natural gas pipeline recording point. We conclude that a high correlation between modeled and recorded GIC is observed for all considered approaches. The highest correlation is achieved when performing a 3‐D GEF simulation using a “conductivity‐based” laterally nonuniform inducing source. Our results also highlight the strong dependence of the GEF on the earth's conductivity distribution.
Comparing Field, Probabilistic, and 2D Numerical Approaches to Assess Gravel Mobility in a Gravel‐Bed River
Authors: Arnaud F. , Paquier A. , Vázquez‐Tarrío D. , Camenen B. , Le Coz J. , Michel K. , Naudet G. , Pella H. , Piégay H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSediment transport is a key process that affects the morphology and ecological habitat diversity of rivers. As part of a gravel augmentation program to mitigate sediment deficit below a dam, gravel mobility in the Ain River in Eastern France was investigated by tracking of a large amount (n = 1,063) of PIT‐tagged gravels in the field, conducting a probabilistic approach based on published tracer studies, and performing two‐dimensional (2D) numerical modeling of flow and bedload transport. This comparative study highlights the strengths, weaknesses, and complementary aspects of the three approaches to the understanding of river gravel mobility. Thanks to recent technological improvements, PIT‐tagged gravels provide an increasingly reliable and accurate representation of bedload movement in the field, although it remains limited in spatio‐temporal resolution. Based on an exponential distribution, the probabilistic approach correctly reproduces the average trend in travel distances by the different classes of particles over hydrological periods, including one or several significant floods. Furthermore, the 2D numerical modeling accounts for the variability of local hydrodynamic conditions and can simulate realistic displacement distributions for the different classes of particles with high spatio‐temporal resolution. Numerical modeling is a very encouraging approach, which makes our study original because it is the first time that the estimation of mean travel distances, the application of an exponential distribution, and the comparison with a hydrodynamic model are combined. A more effective modeling strategy involves incorporating a probabilistic transport model in the 2D numerical model to reproduce the observed scatter of the individual particle trajectories.
Joint Geophysical and Numerical Insights of the Coupled Thermal‐Hydro‐Mechanical Processes During Heating in Salt
Authors: Wang Jiannan , Uhlemann Sebastian , Otto Shawn , Dozier Brian , Kuhlman Kristopher L. , Wu Yuxin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSalt offers an optimal medium for the permanent isolation of heat‐producing radioactive waste due to its impermeability, high thermal conductivity, and ability to close fractures through creep. A thorough understanding of the thermal‐hydrological‐mechanical (THM) processes, encompassing brine migration, is fundamental for secure radioactive waste disposal within salt formations. At the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), we conducted joint in situ geophysical monitoring experiments during active heating to investigate brine migration near excavations. This experiment incorporated electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) alongside high‐resolution fiber‐optic‐based distributed temperature sensing within a controlled heating experiment. Additionally, discrete element model (DEM) based numerical simulations were conducted to simulate THM processes during heating, providing a more mechanistic understanding of the coupled processes leading to the observed changes in geophysical measurements. During heating, resistivity shifts near the heater were reasonably explained by temperature effects. However, in more distant, cooler regions, the resistivity decrease exceeded predictions based solely on temperature. DEM simulations highlighted brine migration, propelled by pore pressure gradients, as the likely primary factor contributing to the additional resistivity decline beyond temperature effects. The comparison between the predicted ERT responses and observations was much improved when considering the effects of brine migration based on the DEM simulations. These geophysical and simulation findings shed light on brine migration in response to salt heating, enhancing our understanding of the coupled THM processes in salt for safe radioactive waste disposal.
Detecting Extreme Temperature Events Using Gaussian Mixture Models
Authors: Paçal Aytaç , Hassler Birgit , Weigel Katja , Kurnaz M. Levent , Wehner Michael F. , Eyring Veronika 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExtreme temperature events have traditionally been detected assuming a unimodal distribution of temperature data. We found that surface temperature data can be described more accurately with a multimodal rather than a unimodal distribution. Here, we applied Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) to daily near‐surface maximum air temperature data from the historical and future Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) simulations for 46 land regions defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Using the multimodal distribution, we found that temperature extremes, defined based on daily data in the warmest mode of the GMM distributions, are getting more frequent in all regions. Globally, a 10‐year extreme temperature event relative to 1985–2014 conditions will occur 13.6 times more frequently in the future under 3.0°C of global warming levels (GWL). The frequency increase can be even higher in tropical regions, such that 10‐year extreme temperature events will occur almost twice a week. Additionally, we analyzed the change in future temperature distributions under different GWL and found that the hot temperatures are increasing faster than cold temperatures in low latitudes, while the cold temperatures are increasing faster than the hot temperatures in high latitudes. The smallest changes in temperature distribution can be found in tropical regions, where the annual temperature range is small. Our method captures the differences in geographical regions and shows that the frequency of extreme events will be even higher than reported in previous studies.
Time‐Resolved Measurements of PM2.5 Chemical Composition and Brown Carbon Absorption in Nanjing, East China: Diurnal Variations and Organic Tracer‐Based PMF Analysis
Authors: Feng Wei , Wang Xinyue , Shao Zhijuan , Liao Hong , Wang Yuhang , Xie Mingjie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo understand diurnal variations in PM2.5 composition and aerosol extract absorption, PM2.5 samples were collected at intervals of 2 hr from 8:00 to 20:00 and 6 hr from 20:00 to 8:00 (the next day) in northern Nanjing, China, during the winter and summer of 2019–2020 and analyzed for bulk components, organic tracers, and light absorption of water and methanol extracts—a proxy measure of brown carbon (BrC). Diurnal patterns of measured species reflected the influences of primary emissions and atmospheric processes. Light absorption coefficients of water (Abs365,w) and methanol extracts (Abs365,m) at 365 nm shared a similar diurnal profile peaking at 18:00–20:00, generally following changes in biomass burning tracers. However, Abs365,w, Abs365,m, and their normalizations to organic aerosols increased at 14:00–16:00, earlier than that of levoglucosan in the late afternoon, which was attributed to secondarily formed BrC. The methanol extracts showed a less drastic decrease in light absorption at night than the water extracts and elevated absorption efficiency during 2:00–8:00. This is due to the fact that the water‐insoluble OC has a longer lifetime and stronger light absorption than the water‐soluble OC. According to the source apportionment results solved by positive matrix factorization (PMF), biomass burning and secondary formation were the major BrC sources in northern Nanjing, with an average total relative contribution of about 90%. Compared to previous studies, diurnal source cycles were added to the PMF simulations in this work by using time‐resolved speciation data, which avoided misclassification of BrC sources.
Rate, Water Pressure, and Temperature Effects in Landslide Shear Zones
Authors: Kohler Marc , Hottiger Stephanie , Puzrin Alexander M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe behavior of slow‐moving landslides is controlled by the residual strength of the shear zone. Despite their mobile state, such slides can often withstand extreme events such as heavy rainfalls and earthquakes. A rate‐hardening in the shear zone is suspected to be one of the main stabilizing factors and has been well investigated, in particular for clayey soils. Soils from steep alpine landslides, on the other hand, are often dominated by silts and sands with various clay contents, and while understanding of their rate dependency is less advanced, it remains critical for the reliable risk assessment. In this article, an improved ring shear apparatus is presented and applied to investigate the rate, pore water pressure, and temperature effects in landslide shear zones. The testing program on samples from two alpine landslides in Switzerland revealed a moderately positive rate effect explaining their mobile state. An achieved insight into the thermo‐hydro‐mechanical processes of fast shearing provides physical evidence to the widely debated hypothesis on the generation of excess pore water pressure due to frictional heating. However, for the tested materials, this effect only occurs after extended shearing and does not lead to a complete loss of shear strength. Based on that and the observed positive rate effects, catastrophic failure seems unlikely for these landslides. At the same time, the results suggest that for less permeable soils, frictional heating may indeed be a source of negative rate effect during very rapid shearing.
DEEP-squared: deep learning powered De-scattering with Excitation Patterning
Authors: Wijethilake Navodini , Anandakumar Mithunjha , Zheng Cheng , So Peter T. C. , Yildirim Murat , Wadduwage Dushan N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLimited throughput is a key challenge in in vivo deep tissue imaging using nonlinear optical microscopy. Point scanning multiphoton microscopy, the current gold standard, is slow especially compared to the widefield imaging modalities used for optically cleared or thin specimens. We recently introduced “De-scattering with Excitation Patterning” or “DEEP” as a widefield alternative to point-scanning geometries. Using patterned multiphoton excitation, DEEP encodes spatial information inside tissue before scattering. However, to de-scatter at typical depths, hundreds of such patterned excitations were needed. In this work, we present DEEP2, a deep learning-based model that can de-scatter images from just tens of patterned excitations instead of hundreds. Consequently, we improve DEEP’s throughput by almost an order of magnitude. We demonstrate our method in multiple numerical and experimental imaging studies, including in vivo cortical vasculature imaging up to 4 scattering lengths deep in live mice.
Overcoming the translational crisis of contemporary psychiatry – converging phenomenological and spatiotemporal psychopathology
Authors: Northoff Georg , Daub Jonas , Hirjak Dusan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite all neurobiological/neurocomputational progress in psychiatric research, recent authors speak about a ‘crisis of contemporary psychiatry’. Some argue that we do not yet know the computational mechanisms underlying the psychopathological symptoms (‘crisis of mechanism’) while others diagnose a neglect of subjectivity, namely first-person experience (‘crisis of subjectivity’). In this perspective, we propose that Phenomenological Psychopathology, due to its focus on first-person experience of space and time, is in an ideal position to address the crisis of subjectivity and, if extended to the brain’s spatiotemporal topographic-dynamic structure as key focus of Spatiotemporal Psychopathology, the crisis of mechanism. We demonstrate how the first-person experiences of space and time differ between schizophrenia, mood disorders and anxiety disorders allowing for their differential-diagnosis – this addresses the crisis of subjectivity. Presupposing space and time as shared features of brain, experience, and symptoms as their “common currency”, the structure of abnormal space and time experience may also serve as template for the structure of the brain’s spatiotemporal neuro-computational mechanisms – this may address the crisis of mechanism. Preliminary scientific evidence in our examples of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, and depression support such clinically relevant spatiotemporal determination of both first-person experience (crisis of subjectivity) and the brain’s neuro-computational structure (crisis of mechanism). In conclusion, converging Phenomenological Psychopathology with Spatiotemporal Psychopathology might help to overcome the translational crisis in psychiatry by delineating more fine-grained neuro computational and -phenomenal mechanisms; this offers novel candidate biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy including both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment.
Amino acid metabolism in health and disease
Authors: Ling Zhe-Nan , Jiang Yi-Fan , Ru Jun-Nan , Lu Jia-Hua , Ding Bo , Wu Jian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAmino acids are the building blocks of protein synthesis. They are structural elements and energy sources of cells necessary for normal cell growth, differentiation and function. Amino acid metabolism disorders have been linked with a number of pathological conditions, including metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, immune diseases, and cancer. In the case of tumors, alterations in amino acid metabolism can be used not only as clinical indicators of cancer progression but also as therapeutic strategies. Since the growth and development of tumors depend on the intake of foreign amino acids, more and more studies have targeted the metabolism of tumor-related amino acids to selectively kill tumor cells. Furthermore, immune-related studies have confirmed that amino acid metabolism regulates the function of effector T cells and regulatory T cells, affecting the function of immune cells. Therefore, studying amino acid metabolism associated with disease and identifying targets in amino acid metabolic pathways may be helpful for disease treatment. This article mainly focuses on the research of amino acid metabolism in tumor-oriented diseases, and reviews the research and clinical research progress of metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases and immune-related diseases related to amino acid metabolism, in order to provide theoretical basis for targeted therapy of amino acid metabolism.
RNA binding protein TIAR modulates HBV replication by tipping the balance of pgRNA translation
Authors: Zhang Ting , Zheng Huiling , Lu Danjuan , Guan Guiwen , Li Deyao , Zhang Jing , Liu Shuhong , Zhao Jingmin , Guo Ju-Tao , Lu Fengmin , Chen Xiangmei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) serves not only as a bicistronic message RNA to translate core protein (Cp) and DNA polymerase (Pol), but also as the template for reverse transcriptional replication of viral DNA upon packaging into nucleocapsid. Although it is well known that pgRNA translates much more Cp than Pol, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of Cp and Pol translation efficiency from pgRNA remains elusive. In this study, we systematically profiled HBV nucleocapsid- and pgRNA-associated cellular proteins by proteomic analysis and identified TIA-1-related protein (TIAR) as a novel cellular protein that binds pgRNA and promotes HBV DNA replication. Interestingly, loss- and gain-of-function genetic analyses showed that manipulation of TIAR expression did not alter the levels of HBV transcripts nor the secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg in human hepatoma cells supporting HBV replication. However, Ribo-seq and PRM-based mass spectrometry analyses demonstrated that TIAR increased the translation of Pol but decreased the translation of Cp from pgRNA. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and pulldown assays further revealed that TIAR directly binds pgRNA at the 5’ stem-loop (ε). Moreover, HBV replication or Cp expression induced the increased expression and redistribution of TIAR from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Our results thus imply that TIAR is a novel cellular factor that regulates HBV replication by binding to the 5’ ε structure of pgRNA to tip the balance of Cp and Pol translation. Through induction of TIAR translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, Cp indirectly regulates the Pol translation and balances Cp and Pol expression levels in infected hepatocytes to ensure efficient viral replication.