bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stunting at birth: linear growth failure at an early age among newborns in Hawassa city public health hospitals, Sidama region, Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Ejigu Haileyesus , Tafese Zelalem 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
On a global basis, 144 million people are stunted, and in Ethiopia, it remains a major public health problem. A limited number of studies have been conducted at the national level and in the study area to generate information on stunting at birth. The present study investigated the magnitude and predictors of stunting among newborns delivered at the Public Hospitals of Hawassa City, Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted between August and September 2021 among mothers and newborns (N 371). Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with the mother in a waiting room after the delivery of the child at the hospital. Newborn length and weight were measured and converted to length-for-age Z-score using WHO standards. The prevalence of stunting at birth (35⋅6 %) and low birth weight (24⋅6 %) were high. In the adjusted model, factors significantly associated with stunting were birth interval <2 years, low birth weight, inadequate dietary diversity and food insecurity (P < 0⋅01) mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of mother <23 cm (P < 0⋅05). The high magnitude of stunting and low birth weight calls all stakeholders and nutrition actors to work on preventing maternal undernutrition and improving their dietary practice through nutrition education. It is also recommended to mitigate food insecurity with evidence-based interventions using a combination of measures. Additionally improving maternal health services including family spacing was recommended to reduce stunting and low birth weight among newborns in the study area.
Alike Yet Distinct: The Effect of Language Diversity on Interpersonal Relationships Within National and Multinational Project Teams
Authors: Kalra Komal , Szymanski Mike 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThis study examines the impact of language diversity on interpersonal relationships in multinational and national/domestic teams in a multilingual country – India. Specifically, it explores whether and how the influence of language diversity differs in the two types of multilingual project teams. To this end, using direct observations and semi-structured interviews, we conducted a thematic analysis and found that native language-based faultlines and groups exist in both kinds of teams. However, such faultlines and language-based groups can disintegrate into smaller, regional dialect-based subgroups due to the emergence of dialect faultlines. Furthermore, evidence suggests that multilingual managers are more effective as boundary spanners in bridging the faultlines in multinational teams; at the same time, they need to be aware of the distinction between language differences and faultlines. This study provides the required distinction between language diversity and the role of multilingual managers in national and multinational teams in an understudied context, thereby contributing to the literature on language diversity.
Coalition policy in multiparty governments: whose preferences prevail
Authors: Albarello Alessio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn coalition governments, parties need to agree on a common policy position. Whose preferences prevail? The proportionality hypothesis, the idea that coalition partners’ influence on policy is proportional to their share of seats, has been used widely in the literature on democratic representation, ideological congruence, and coalition politics. In my analysis of competing theories aimed at determining what influences policy compromise in multiparty governments, I reject the proportionality hypothesis. My results suggest instead that coalition partners exert equal influence on policy compromises, independent of their number of seats. More extensive analysis also provides evidence for increased party influence on policies when the party is the formateur or closer to the parliamentary median, ceteris paribus. As a by-product of my analysis, I provide a simple and better proxy for measuring a government's position when this position is not directly observable.
The new distribution records of recently described gobies: Aegean Sea records for Pomatoschistus nanus Engin & Seyhan Öztürk, 2017 and easternmost records of Buenia massutii Kovačić, Ordines & Schliewen, 2017
Authors: Seyhan Öztürk Dilruba , Oruç Adnan Çağlar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The smallest fish of the Mediterranean Sea, pygmaean goby, Pomatoschistus nanus, and Massuti's goby, Buenia massutii, were obtained from new locations. While P. nanus specimens were collected from both the north-eastern and south-eastern Aegean Sea, B. massutii specimens were collected from two different sub-basins, Sea of Marmara and the Aegean Sea, representing the first report of this species in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The species were identified by both morphological and molecular techniques. The present paper contributes to filling gaps in the knowledge of the limited distribution of these species in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
The Nucleus: Panel Discussion
Authors: Delsemme A. H. 
Published: May 2023

What I would like to discuss here is the chemical nature of the nucleus.This implies the consideration of the vaporization of the nucleus into the coma because the coma is our only source of information on the nucleus. The nature of the parent molecules vaporizing from the nucleus has been for a long time the missing link for our understanding of the molecular processes. A major development has been brought about by the first identification of three neutral parent molecules HCN and CH3 CN identified in Comet Kohoutek, H20 in Comet Bradfield, confirmed by H2O+ in Kohoutek.
The Nucleus: Panel Discussion
Authors: Whipple Fred L. 
Published: May 2023

In discussing the nucleus of comets and the role of comets in the evolution of the solar system I summarize the observation only in Table 1, the observed composition. Note that gas-phase chemistry obscures the nature of the active atoms, molecules and radicals in the nucleus.I wish to stress the fact, so obvious from this symposium, that the comprehensive observational attack on Comet Kohoutek (1973f) has led to an enormous step forward in deciphering the comet enigma.
Polarization of OH Radiation
Authors: Mies Frederick H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ground 2π3/2 state of OH consists of 2 A-doubled levels which are separated by about 1666 MHz. The upper (parity = +1) and lower (parity = −) levels each have eight hyperfine subleveis which consist of a three-fold degenerate F=1 and five-fold degenerate F=2 energy state, and transitions between these levels give rise to the OH-18-cm radiowave spectrum. Of the four possible transitions the F=2 → 2 and F= 1 → 1 transitions are most intense and are the source of the 1667 MHz and 1665 MHz signals observed from comet Kohoutek (Biraud, et al (1973), Turner (1973)). The peak antenna temperature ΔTb/Tb for these lines are approximately proportional to the ratio i = (N+-N-)/(N++N-) where N± are the total concentrations of 2 π3/2, J = 3/2 molecules in the indicated parity state. In the optically thin, collisionless atmosphere of a comet these populations are determined predominantly by the fluorescent scattering of solar u.v. radiation by 12 absorption lines of the OH(A2 Σ+ ← X2 π) transition. The steady state distribution is only a function of the relative solar flux at these 12 absorption wavelengths. The molecules are pumped into a large set of 2π states, which then rapidly cascade by infrared transitions back to either the + or − levels of the ground state. Because of the Doppler shift of the absorption spectrum relative to the solar Franhaufer spectrum, the ratio i is a sensitive function of the heliocentric velocity Vh of the comet, and the radio signals can be seen either in absorption or stimulated emission relative to the galactic background temperature Tb, depending on whether the levels are anti-inverted, i < o, or inverted, i > o.
Impacts of an advance care planning intervention on close relationships
Authors: Bulli Francesco , Toccafondi Alessandro , Kars Marijke C. , Caswell Glenys , Kodba-Čeh Hana , Lunder Urska , Pollock Kristian , Seymour Jane , van Delden Johannes J. M. , Zwakman Marieke , Korfage Ida J. , Van der Heide Agnes , Miccinesi Guido 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo examine how an advance care planning (ACP) intervention based on structured conversations impacts the relationship between patients with advanced cancer and their nominated Personal Representatives (PRs).MethodsWithin the ACTION research project, a qualitative study was carried out in 4 countries (Italy, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Slovenia) to explore the lived experience of engagement with the ACTION Respecting Choices® ACP intervention from the perspectives of patients and their PRs. A phenomenological approach was undertaken.ResultsOur findings show that taking part in the ACTION ACP intervention provides a communicative space for patients and their PRs to share their understanding and concerns about the illness and its consequences. In some cases, this may strengthen relationships by realigning patients’ and PRs’ understanding and expectations and affirming their mutual commitment and support.Significance of resultsThe most significant consequence of the ACP process in our study was the deepening of mutual understanding and relationship between some patients and PRs and the enhancement of their sense of mutuality and connectedness in the present. However, being a relational intervention, ACP may raise some challenging and distressing issues. The interpersonal dynamics of the discussion require skilled and careful professional facilitation.
Experiments with the Extension of Legal Personality to Ecosystems and Beyond-Human Organisms: Challenges and Opportunities for Company Law
Authors: Jefferson David J. , Macpherson Elizabeth , Moe Steven 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn recent years, a number of jurisdictions have recognized diverse ecosystems and other-than-human organisms as legal persons. From national constitutions and legislation to subnational judicial decisions and ordinances, these legal experiments have extended legal personality to riverine and terrestrial ecological communities, including vast geographical areas and the beyond-human beings that inhabit them. A growing body of literature engages with these developments and, in particular, their consequences for states and governments. However, few analyses have considered the practical implications they may present for private organizations operating under company law. We address this research gap and explore potential challenges and opportunities that the recognition of ecosystems as legal persons may create for private legal persons, especially corporations. We also discuss the possible impacts and opportunities of the expansion of legal personality on company law and corporate practice more broadly, arguing for a reimagination of company law. This reimagination embraces an ethics of reciprocity, responsibility, and relationality between corporate entities, and ecological and human communities.
Rheology of Hexagonal Close‐Packed (hcp) Iron
Authors: Nishihara Yu , Doi Shunta , Tsujino Noriyoshi , Yamazaki Daisuke , Matsukage Kyoko N. , Tsubokawa Yumiko , Yoshino Takashi , Thomson Andrew R. , Higo Yuji , Tange Yoshinori 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe viscosity of hexagonal close‐packed (hcp) Fe is a fundamental property controlling the dynamics of the Earth's inner core. We studied the rheology of hcp‐Fe using high‐pressure and ‐temperature deformation experiments with in situ stress and strain measurements. Experiments were conducted using D111‐type and deformation‐DIA apparatuses at pressures of 16.3–22.6 GPa, temperatures of 423–923 K, and uniaxial strain rates of 1.52 × 10−6 to 8.81 × 10−5 s−1 in conjunction with synchrotron radiation. Experimental results showed that power‐law dislocation creep with a stress exponent of n = 4.0 ± 0.3, activation energy of E* = 240 ± 20 kJ/mol, and activation volume of V* = 1.4 ± 0.2 cm3/mol is dominant deformation mechanism at >∼800 K, whereas a mechanism with power‐law breakdown prevails at lower temperatures. An extrapolation of the power‐law dislocation creep flow law based on homologous temperature scaling suggests the viscosity of hcp‐Fe under inner core conditions is ≥∼1019 Pa s. If this power‐law dislocation creep mechanism is assumed to be the dominant mechanism in the Earth's inner core, the equatorial growth or translation mode mechanism may be the dominant geodynamical mechanism causing the observed inner core structure.
Photonic elementary cellular automata for simulation of complex phenomena
Authors: Li Gordon H. Y. , Leefmans Christian R. , Williams James , Marandi Alireza 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCellular automata are a class of computational models based on simple rules and algorithms that can simulate a wide range of complex phenomena. However, when using conventional computers, these ‘simple’ rules are only encapsulated at the level of software. This can be taken one step further by simplifying the underlying physical hardware. Here, we propose and implement a simple photonic hardware platform for simulating complex phenomena based on cellular automata. Using this special-purpose computer, we experimentally demonstrate complex phenomena, including fractals, chaos, and solitons, which are typically associated with much more complex physical systems. The flexibility and programmability of our photonic computer present new opportunities to simulate and harness complexity for efficient, robust, and decentralized information processing using light.
Attentional Ptycho-Tomography (APT) for three-dimensional nanoscale X-ray imaging with minimal data acquisition and computation time
Authors: Kang Iksung , Wu Ziling , Jiang Yi , Yao Yudong , Deng Junjing , Klug Jeffrey , Vogt Stefan , Barbastathis George 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNoninvasive X-ray imaging of nanoscale three-dimensional objects, such as integrated circuits (ICs), generally requires two types of scanning: ptychographic, which is translational and returns estimates of the complex electromagnetic field through the IC; combined with a tomographic scan, which collects these complex field projections from multiple angles. Here, we present Attentional Ptycho-Tomography (APT), an approach to drastically reduce the amount of angular scanning, and thus the total acquisition time. APT is machine learning-based, utilizing axial self-Attention for Ptycho-Tomographic reconstruction. APT is trained to obtain accurate reconstructions of the ICs, despite the incompleteness of the measurements. The training process includes regularizing priors in the form of typical patterns found in IC interiors, and the physics of X-ray propagation through the IC. We show that APT with ×12 reduced angles achieves fidelity comparable to the gold standard Simultaneous Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (SART) with the original set of angles. When using the same set of reduced angles, then APT also outperforms Filtered Back Projection (FBP), Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique (SIRT) and SART. The time needed to compute the reconstruction is also reduced, because the trained neural network is a forward operation, unlike the iterative nature of these alternatives. Our experiments show that, without loss in quality, for a 4.48 × 93.2 × 3.92 µm3 IC (≃6 × 108 voxels), APT reduces the total data acquisition and computation time from 67.96 h to 38 min. We expect our physics-assisted and attention-utilizing machine learning framework to be applicable to other branches of nanoscale imaging, including materials science and biological imaging.
Cu-doped SnO2/rGO nanocomposites for ultrasensitive H2S detection at low temperature
Authors: Chen Tingting , Sun Jianhai , Xue Ning , Wang Wen , Luo Zongchang , Liang Qinqin , Zhou Tianye , Quan Hao , Cai Haoyuan , Tang Kangsong , Jiang Kaisheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) detection remains a significant concern and the sensitivity, selectivity, and detection limit must be balanced at low temperatures. Herein, we utilized a facile solvothermal method to prepare Cu-doped SnO2/rGO nanocomposites that have emerged as promising candidate materials for H2S sensors. Characterization of the Cu-SnO2/rGO was carried out to determine its surface morphology, chemical composition, and crystal defects. The optimal sensor response for 10 ppm H2S was ~1415.7 at 120 °C, which was over 320 times higher than that seen for pristine SnO2 CQDs (Ra/Rg = 4.4) at 280 °C. Moreover, the sensor material exhibited excellent selectivity, a superior linear working range (R2 = 0.991, 1–150 ppm), a fast response time (31 s to 2 ppm), and ppb-level H2S detection (Ra/Rg = 1.26 to 50 ppb) at 120 °C. In addition, the sensor maintained a high performance even at extremely high humidity (90%) and showed outstanding long-term stability. These superb H2S sensing properties were attributed to catalytic sensitization by the Cu dopant and a synergistic effect of the Cu-SnO2 and rGO, which offered abundant active sites for O2 and H2S absorption and accelerated the transfer of electrons/holes.
Deep exome sequencing identifies enrichment of deleterious mosaic variants in neurodevelopmental disorder genes and mitochondrial tRNA regions in bipolar disorder
Authors: Nishioka Masaki , Takayama Jun , Sakai Naomi , Kazuno An-a , Ishiwata Mizuho , Ueda Junko , Hayama Takashi , Fujii Kumiko , Someya Toshiyuki , Kuriyama Shinichi , Tamiya Gen , Takata Atsushi , Kato Tadafumi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBipolar disorder (BD) is a global medical issue, afflicting around 1% of the population with manic and depressive episodes. Despite various genetic studies, the genetic architecture and pathogenesis of BD have not been fully resolved. Besides germline variants, postzygotic mosaic variants are proposed as new candidate mechanisms contributing to BD. Here, we performed extensive deep exome sequencing (DES, ~300×) and validation experiments to investigate the roles of mosaic variants in BD with 235 BD cases (194 probands of trios and 41 single cases) and 39 controls. We found an enrichment of developmental disorder (DD) genes in the genes hit by deleterious mosaic variants in BD (P = 0.000552), including a ClinVar-registered pathogenic variant in ARID2. An enrichment of deleterious mosaic variants was also observed for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) genes (P = 0.000428). The proteins coded by the DD/ASD genes with non-synonymous mosaic variants in BD form more protein-protein interaction than expected, suggesting molecular mechanisms shared with DD/ASD but restricted to a subset of cells in BD. We also found significant enrichment of mitochondrial heteroplasmic variants, another class of mosaic variants, in mitochondrial tRNA genes in BD (P = 0.0102). Among them, recurrent m.3243 A > G variants known as causal for mitochondrial diseases were found in two unrelated BD probands with allele fractions of 5–12%, lower than in mitochondrial diseases. Despite the limitation of using peripheral tissues, our DES investigation supports the possible contribution of deleterious mosaic variants in the nuclear genome responsible for severer phenotypes, such as DD/ASD, to the risk of BD and further demonstrates that the same paradigm can be applied to the mitochondrial genome. These results, as well as the enrichment of heteroplasmic mitochondrial tRNA variants in BD, add a new piece to the understanding of the genetic architecture of BD and provide general insights into the pathological roles of mosaic variants in human diseases.
Obesity as pleiotropic risk state for metabolic and mental health throughout life
Authors: Leutner Michael , Dervic Elma , Bellach Luise , Klimek Peter , Thurner Stefan , Kautzky Alexander 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObesity, a highly prevalent disorder and central diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome, is linked to mental health by clinical observations and biological pathways. Patients with a diagnosis of obesity may show long-lasting increases in risk for receiving psychiatric co-diagnoses. Austrian national registry data of inpatient services from 1997 to 2014 were analyzed to detect associations between a hospital diagnosis of obesity (ICD-10: E66) and disorders grouped by level-3 ICD-10 codes. Data were stratified by age decades and associations between each pair of diagnoses were computed with the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method, providing odds ratios (OR) and p values corrected for multiple testing. Further, directions of the associations were assessed by calculating time-order-ratios. Receiving a diagnosis of obesity significantly increased the odds for a large spectrum of psychiatric disorders across all age groups, including depression, psychosis-spectrum, anxiety, eating and personality disorders (all pcorr < 0.01, all OR > 1.5). For all co-diagnoses except for psychosis-spectrum, obesity was significantly more often the diagnosis received first. Further, significant sex differences were found for most disorders, with women showing increased risk for all disorders except schizophrenia and nicotine addiction. In addition to the well-recognized role in promoting disorders related to the metabolic syndrome and severe cardiometabolic sequalae, obesity commonly precedes severe mental health disorders. Risk is most pronounced in young age groups and particularly increased in female patients. Consequently, thorough screening for mental health problems in patients with obesity is urgently called for to allow prevention and facilitate adequate treatment.
The impact of the ovarian cycle on anxiety, allopregnanolone, and corticotropin releasing hormone changes after motherhood in female rats and women
Authors: Pestana Jodie E. , Kershaw Kelly A. , Graham Bronwyn M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFluctuations in ovarian steroids across the estrous and menstrual cycle in female rats and women, respectively, are associated with changes in anxiety. Pregnancy causes long-term changes to ovarian hormone release, yet research on estrous- and menstrual-related changes in anxiety has focused on reproductively inexperienced females. Therefore, this study assessed whether the impact of estrous and menstrual cycles on anxiety differs pre- versus post-motherhood in female rats (n = 32) and a community sample of women (n = 63). Estrous cycle phase altered anxiety-like behavior in virgin rats, but had no effect in age-matched mother rats tested 1-month post-weaning. In humans, menstrual cycle phase was associated with ecological momentary assessed anxiety and mood in non-mothers, but not mothers; although, the menstrual cycle × reproductive status interaction for anxiety, but not mood, was rendered non-significant with age and cycle length as covariates. These findings suggest that changes in anxiety coincident with cycling hormones is an evolutionarily conserved feature of the estrous and menstrual cycle in rats and women, which is mitigated following motherhood in both species. We identified several potential mechanisms for the observed dissociation in estrous cycle effects on anxiety. Compared to virgin rats, mother rats had a lower peak and blunted decline in circulating allopregnanolone during proestrus, upregulated GABAA receptor subunit (α1, α2, α5, α4, ß2) mRNA in the ventral hippocampus, and altered corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA across the estrous cycle in the basolateral amygdala. Together, these findings suggest that the mechanisms underlying anxiety regulation undergo fundamental transformation following pregnancy in female rats and humans.