bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Structural Profile of HPV 18 in Terms of Chromosomal and Nuclear Degenerative Changes and the Ratio of Nucleus/Cytoplasm on Liquid based Cervical Cells
Authors: Oz Zehra Safi , Barut Figen , Kokturk Furuzan , Gun Banu Dogan 
Published: August 2023

Background:
HPV 18 is one of the important oncogenic types. HPV 18 is generally evaluated together with HPV 16 and/or high-risk HPV types in light microscopic studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of only HPV 18 on the nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, and chromosomal and nuclear degenerative changes in liquid-based samples.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty liquid-based cervical samples were used in this retrospective study. These smears were prepared by HPV Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) detection and genotyping with the Cobas 4800 HPV system. Forty HPV 18 infected and forty smears with no infection agent were evaluated for chromosomal (nuclear budding, micronuclei), nuclear degenerative changes (membrane irregularity, nuclear enlargement, hyperchromasia, abnormal chromatin distribution, binucleation (BN), karyorrhexis (KR), karyolysis (KL), karyopyknosis (KP)), and cytologic findings (koilocyte (KC), cells with perinuclear PR) using light microscopy. Cellular diameters were evaluated using image analysis software. Statistical analysis was performed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 19.0. p values < .05 were considered significant.

Results:
The statistically significant difference between the presence of HPV 18 and karyorrectic cell, KC, nuclear membrane irregularity, enlargement, the mean nuclear width and height (p < 0.05). No cellular changes other than those mentioned were observed.

Conclusions:
The present study is significant in that, it reveals the relationship between only and particularly HPV 18 and nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, and chromosomal and nuclear degenerative changes in liquid-based cytology. HPV 18 affects KR, koilocytosis, nuclear membrane irregularity, enlargement, and nuclear diameters. Light microscopic analysis of these abnormalities increases the sensitivity and specificity of cytology in the evaluation of cellular pictures due to HPV 18.
Vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhou Ben-Gang , Mei Yu-Zhou , Jiang Xin , Zheng Ai-Jing , Ding Yan-Bing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background:
Vonoprazan-amoxicillin (VA) dual therapy has recently been proposed to eradicate Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) with controversial results. We, therefore, conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effect of this therapy for H. pylori eradication.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science database from inception until November 2022, collecting randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing VA dual therapy with other regimens for H. pylori eradication. Pooled relative risks (RRs) were calculated using random effects model.

Results:
Five RCTs were ultimately included. Compared with the vonoprazan-amoxicillin-clarithromycin (VAC) triple therapy, the eradication rate of VA dual therapy was lower in intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis (n = 3 RCTs, RR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.88–0.99, P = 0.03), but there was no significant difference between them in the per-protocol (PP) analysis (RR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.91–1.01, P = 0.11). For clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori strains, the eradication rate of VA dual therapy was significantly higher than that of the VAC triple therapy (n = 2 RCTs, RR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03–1.39, P = 0.02). Compared with the PPI-based triple therapy (PAC), VA dual therapy had a superior eradication rate (n = 2 RCTs, ITT analysis RR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04–1.23, P = 0.003; PP analysis pooled RR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.06–1.22, P = 0.0004). Compared with VAC or PAC triple therapy, VA dual therapy has a similar incidence of total adverse events and compliance.

Conclusions:
VA dual therapy had a similar effect compared to VAC triple therapy and was superior to PAC triple therapy. Future RCTs are needed to ascertain the optimal dosage and duration of vonoprazan and amoxicillin, and the effect of VA dual therapy compared with the mainstream regimens recommended by current guidelines.
Normal Servikal Sitolojili Kadınlarda High Risk Human Papillomavirus Sıklığı ve Tip 16/18 Dağılımı: Tek Merkez Çalışma
Authors: ŞENELDİR Hatice , GÜMÜŞTAŞ Beyda , GÜNHAN Gülsüm , KILLI Feride Ebrar , OZAN Berivan , CANBAŞ İsmail , SEVİNDİ Deryagül 
Published: August 2023

Amaç
Serviks kanseri, kadınlarda en yaygın görülen kanser türlerinden biridir. Serviks kanserinin Human Papilloma virüs (HPV) ile ilişkisi kanıtlanmış olup hastaların tamamına yakınında HPVDNA varlığı gösterilmiştir.
Çalışmadaki amacımız; normal servikal sitolojili kadınlarda yaşlara göre high risk HPV (hrHPV) sıklığını ve tip 16/18 dağılımını araştırmak ve diğer çalışmalarla karşılaştırmasını yapmaktır.

Araçlar ve Yöntem
Çalışmamızda İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın Şehir Hastanesi Tıbbi Patoloji Anabilim Dalı’nda 01.10.2018-01.10.2020 tarihleri arasında, servikal sitolojisi malignite açısından negatif ve hrHPV DNA incelemesi yapılmış 4212 servikal sitolojik materyal retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.
Olgular, yaşlarına göre 21-24 yaş, 25-29 yaş, 30-45 yaş, 45-54 ve 55-65 yaş olmak üzere 5 gruba ayrıldı. Gruplar hrHPV pozitifliği ve tip 16/18 dağılımı açısından analiz edildi.

Bulgular
Toplam 4212 olgunun 494’ünde (%11.73) hrHPV pozitifliği saptandı. Grup 1 (21-24yaş), grup 2 (25-29 yaş), grup 3 (30-45 yaş), grup 4 (45-54 yaş) ve grup 5 (55-65 yaş) hrHPV pozitiflik oranı sırası ile %31.97, %16.83, %18.34, %11.29, %8.73 ve % 10.18 olarak bulundu.
HrHPV pozitifliği açısından Grup 1 ve 2 ile diğer gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmaktadır (p
THE LATEST TRENDS IN GEORGIA’S BUSINESS REGISTER
Authors: Dzebisauri Lia , Mindorashvili Marine (Maia) 
Published: August 2023

Lia Dzebisauri i
E-mail: lia.dzebisauri@tsu.ge
Associate Professor, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Tbilisi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2604-9323

Marine (Maia) Mindorashvili
E-mail: maia.mindorashvili@tsu.ge
Associate Professor, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Tbilisi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7177-9870
Abstract .In this paper, we examine the Statistical Business Register (SBR) in Georgia, which serves as the foundation for economic statistics. To keep up with the demands of the modern digital economy, the SBR requires ongoing capacity-building efforts. It's a critical component in generating official statistics that inform evidence-based decision-making. In light of the ongoing globalization process, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, there's a growing demand for high-quality, comparable SBR and economic statistics at the international level. Geostat's BR is unique in that it allows for determining an entity's activity status. However, the current globalization process presents a challenge to creating a perfect SBR, increasing the need for an internationally comparable SBR in the post-COVID-19 pandemic world. Our paper highlights the significance of the SBR and investigates registered and active business entities in Georgia according to various parameters, such as economic activities, legal status, and territorial distribution by regions, and statistical trends of active companies during pre and pandemic periods. We also identify areas where COVID-19 had the most detrimental effect and where further recovery is necessary for the sustainable development of Georgia's economy. As the backbone for economic statistics, the SBR needs continued capacity-building activities in the modern digital economy. It plays a central role in producing official statistics, both in terms of how the statistics are produced and the quality of the statistics that draw on information from them. Our article, in particular, is devoted to improving the quality and modernizing the indicators of the statistical business register, which further contributes to producing high level business and macroeconomic statistics.
MODERN STATISTICAL TRENDS OF EXPORTS BY SEA TRANSPORT TO THE CIS COUNTRIES
Authors: Abesadze Nino , Abesadze Otar , Paresashvili Nino 
Published: August 2023

Nino Abesadze
Email:nino.abesadze@tsu.ge
Associate Professor, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisis State University
Tbilisi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6564-2771

Otar Abesadze
Email:o.abesadze@gmail.com
Associate Professor, Georgian National University SEU
Tbilisi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1644-4995

Nino Paresashvili
Email:nino.paresashvili@tsu.ge
Associate Professor, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisis State University
Tbilisi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-6491
Abstract. In the modern conditions of globalization, the use of sea transport is becoming more and more popular, the share of which is quite high in export trade relations.
The main goal of the paper is to outline the trends in export under the conditions of sea transport and to determine the main parameters. Analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction were used in the research process, as well as specific statistical methods: observation, grouping, and analysis. For the purpose of analysis, data were processed, and indicators were calculated with computer software SPSS.
Over the years, historically, the CIS has been and still is one of the major trade partners of Georgia. Its share in the total volume of exports is almost 50%, which was characterized by certain fluctuations in 2016-2022. If at the beginning of the period, only 35% of Georgia's total exports went to CIS countries, by 2019 its share increased to 53.8%.
Export relations with the CIS are mainly carried out by road (81%), while marine transport has a share of 9.8%. In 2016-2022, the average annual growth rate of exports to the CIS countries amounted to 123.9%, while the increase of exports by sea transport was 19% annually during the same period. In 2022, the share of exports by sea transport decreased, which makes up 4.7% of the total export in the CIS countries, which is 5.9 percentage points lower than the previous year's figure. Despite the fact that before and after the pandemic, Georgia has active trade relations with the countries of the region, bat a large part of re-exports, 94%, goes to the CIS countries, by road and then by sea.
Georgia's total export to the CIS increased by 33.3% compared to the previous year, while local export decreased by 1%. The increase in exports to the CIS was largely related to the increase in re-exports because in this period re-exports increased by 76%. Despite the growth of domestic exports, re-exports have a significant share in the total exports of Georgia with the CIS, and its change affects the characteristics of foreign trade. Accordingly, the ratio between local export and re-export is variable, which amounted to 0.69 in 2022.
A STUDY OF TEACHERS' INVOLVEMENT IN THE SEXUAL EDUCATION PROCESS
Authors: Katamadze Davit , Meskhidze Shorena , Rusieshvili Nino 
Published: August 2023

Davit Katamadze
Email:datoqatamadze@gmail.com
Doctor of Social Sciences (Psychology), BSU, Teacher of the Department of Psychology
Batumi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8815-1167

Shorena Meskhidze
Email:shorena.meskhidze@bsu.edu.ge
PhD candidate in psychology, BSU Assistant
Batumi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9801-5347

Nino Rusieshvili
Email:niniarusieshvili@gmail.com
Teacher, Master of Clinical Psychology, BSU, special teacher of psychology clinic
Batumi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6370-5553
Abstract. Sexuality education is a combination of high-quality teaching methods that not only covers the medical aspects of sexuality, but also focuses on human sexuality, personal relationships, developmental psychological features, anatomy, sexually transmitted diseases, intercourse, sexual orientation, gender identity, contraception, and sexual If around reproductive rights and responsibilities. The purpose of sexual education is to equip young people with the necessary information and values so that they can develop the ability to have safe and perfect sexual relations, which takes into account the pleasure factors as well as the formation of a sense of responsibility for their own sexual and reproductive health and well-being.
Best practice in sexual health education focuses on the importance of the role of teachers and ensuring they are well prepared. One of the most critical factors affecting the effectiveness of sexuality education programs is the comfort and skill of the teacher. Teachers should be well prepared to introduce students to the basic principles of sexuality education, freely and without any hindrance factors.
The purpose of our research was to study how much the teachers working in the general education space are informed about the sexual education program, as well as how they see their own role in the preparation and implementation of the sexual education program. Our goal was also, if necessary, to hold an informational meeting for them and introduce them to the sexual education program. According to our hypothesis, teachers see the need to implement a sex education program, although they are not ready to talk about sex education issues.
The results of the study confirmed our assumption. In particular, it was revealed that teachers do not consider themselves competent to talk about issues related to sexuality education. However, 48% of teachers would like to talk about these issues. Most teachers place responsibility on parents.
It is worth noting the fact that most of the teachers express their desire to be retrained on issues of sexual education.
RESEARCH OF PROFESSIONAL ORIENTATIONS AMONG HIGH SCHOOL PUPILS
Authors: Beridze Ketevan , Meskhidze Shorena , Ketchakmadze Rusudan , Beridze Rusudan , Varshanidze Eteri 
Published: August 2023

Ketevan Beridze
Email:k.beridze@bsu.edu.ge
Associate Professor, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University
Batumi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6268-7037

Shorena Meskhidze
Email:shorena.meskhidze@bsu.edu.ge
Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, Assistant
Batumi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9801-5347

Rusudan Ketchakmadze
Email:r.kechakmadze@bsu.edu.ge
Associate Professor, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University
Batumi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1046-7264

Rusudan Beridze
Email:r.beridze@bsu.edu.ge
Associate Professor, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University
Batumi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5374-2815

Eteri Varshanidze
Email:eteri.varshanize@bsu.edu.ge
Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, Assistant
Batumi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4779-2733
Abstract. The choice of a profession is one of the important stages in a person's life, it can be said that it determines most of the future life. The choice of profession is, first of all, the choice of a person. When choosing a profession, a person chooses not only the necessary means to meet material needs, but also a way of life. A choice made without regard to the profession, or only taking into account external circumstances or the interests of others, is an experiment that can cost a person and the people around him dearly.
The purpose of our study was to study the professional interests and professional orientation of the students of the pilot schools, to determine how well they are informed about the issues of vocational education and what factors influence the choice of a profession. We should also conduct a training on the topic: "Choose a profession." According to the hypothesis, the students of our school are less informed about the issues of vocation, and are also insufficiently prepared for the right choice of profession.
The results of the study confirmed our assumption. In particular, it was found that the students of our school are less informed in matters of vocational training, and are also insufficiently prepared for the right choice of profession, which means taking into account their own interests, skills and abilities when choosing a profession. Pupils experience a lack of information on issues related to professions.
In addition, respondents believe that the school needs the work of a psychologist who will provide qualified advice on issues related to the choice of profession.
It is noteworthy that it is important that pupils are better informed about what skills and abilities are necessary for mastering different professions. Therefore, at each stage of the study, it was important to determine the correspondence of skills and abilities to the chosen profession.
PROBLEMS OF ENSURING BUDGETARY SECURITY OF THE STATE DURING MARTIAL LAW
Authors: Sidelnykova Larysa , Posadnieva Oksana 
Published: August 2023

Larysa Sidelnykova
Email:larisa1907s@gmail.com
Doctor of Economics, Professor Kherson National Technical University
Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7182-2923
Oksana Posadnieva
Email:posadnevaoksana@gmail.com
PhD in Economics, Associate Professor Kherson National Technical University
Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8721-5124

Abstract. The article examines the assessment of the budgetary security of the state in periods of macroeconomic shocks. The balance of the State Budget of Ukraine over the past 10 years is analyzed. A chronic deficit of the state budget are revealed. The main reasons for the budget deficit are given. It is noted that the chronic budget deficit is the main destructive factor that leads to a decrease in budget security. The place of budgetary security in the general economic security of the state is shown. The main indicators that characterize the level of budgetary security of the state are described. Special attention is paid to indicators that depend on the level of budget balance. The main reasons for the growth of the deficit during the previous destructive events in the Ukrainian economy and the factors that contributed to the growth of the deficit during the Russian-Ukrainian war are indicated. The main indicators of Ukraine's budgetary security over the past 10 years are analyzed. A significant deterioration of budgetary security indicators in 2022 is established. A significant decrease in the level of GDP in 2022 and its decisive impact on indicators of budgetary security are revealed. It is noted that the decrease in the level of budgetary security leads to a decrease in the level of debt security of the state. Forecast figures for certain budgetary security indicators are provided. The main directions for using budget funding for further strengthening of budgetary security are suggested.
TRENDS IN THE GROWTH OF DEMAND FOR MARINE TOURISM IN GEORGIA
Authors: Abesadze Nino , Chitaladze Ketevan , Robitashvili Natalia 
Published: August 2023

Nino Abesadze
Email:nino.abesadze@tsu.ge
Associate Professor, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Tbilisi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6564-2771
Ketevan Chitaladze
Email:ketevan.chitaladze@tsu.ge
Assistant Professor, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Tbilisi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3403-6218
Natalia Robitashvili
Email:nato.robitashvili@bsu.edu.ge
Associate professor, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University
Batumi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-6491

Abstract. Nowadays, tourism is a principal factor in the successful development of the country's national economy and business.
Indeed, marine tourism is not yet a priority among the types of tourism, and its percentage share is still low in the structure of tourism, however, its growing demand allows for optimal forecasting. Therefore, identifying opportunities for the development of marine tourism, characterizing the mood of the population, analyzing the factors affecting the development of marine tourism, etc. is relevant, and its research is objectively necessary.
The main goal of the study was to determine expectations for the development of cruise tourism in Georgia. Statistical observation, grouping and analysis methods were used in the research process.
It should be noted that cruise tourism is quite a big business. So big that according to a report by the International Association of Cruise Lines, the fastest growth rates in demand for cruise tours have been recorded since 2010. The secret of the attractiveness of cruise tours is the fact that tourists are satisfied with the structure of the services received during the tours, with a wide opportunity for self-realization for recreation, offering the best and most comprehensive environment for travel lover
In the research process, general, as well as specific statistical methods were used.
It should be noted that before the pandemic, the number of international visitors arriving in Georgia by sea transport was characterized by an increasing trend since 2015; In 2022, a 50% reduction compared to 2015 was recorded; The statistical characteristics of marine tourism were the highest in the year of the beginning of the pandemic, which significantly decreased in 2021-2022. 60% of the 350 respondents participating in the study were in the age group of 25-44 years. 71% of the respondents are employed. 68% of respondents prefer internal closed cabins; For example, the Genoa-Laspezia-Civitavecchia (Rome) - Palma de Mallorca-Barcelona-Cannes-Genoa, cruise proved to be in demand among the residents of Georgia. In the structure of tourist expenses, the expenditure on non-alcoholic drinks prevails. etc.
REGRESSIVE ANALYSIS AND FORECAST OF STATE DEBT
Authors: Beridze Sophio , Oniani Lela 
Published: August 2023

Sophio Beridze
E-mail: sopho1982@hotmail.com
PhD Student, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University
Batumi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7264-2873

Lela Oniani
E-mail: lela.oniani@bsu.edu.ge
Associate Professor, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University
Batumi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5960-4015
Abstract: Actuality of the topic is caused by the role of the debt as financial instrument, as in the sphere of prosperity of the country, as well in its maintenance. State debt plays an important role in the macro-economic system of any Government. Formation of debt, .service and its covering, have a great influence on financial situation of the state, on the movement of money streams, investing climate, establishing international cooperation and its future development between the states. Actuality of the problem of external state debt was increased due to the fact that it is directly connected to the economic safety of the state.
The goal of the article -originating/growth of state debt, despite of its burden is inevitable. If the level of income and employment more or less increase proportionally among with state debt, burden can be bearable and will not need concern. Percentage indicator of debt can not determine the burden of debt. Main determiner of the debt burden is: Annual capacity of debt service, reflection of state debt in economy, face of tax system. The aim of the article is to forecast the scales of factors, which influence on external state debt and implementation of main principles for effective management. In order to achieve goals which are set, there is a model to foresee scales of factors,which influence on state external debt.
Methodology/approach: in order to learn and foresee existing condition of state debt, first of all,there were selected valid factors, which mostly effect on state external debt rather than other factors. Research took place by the building up regressive model, checking its quality and using forecasting models.
Practical value/Implications: the practical significance of the paper is that its statements and conclusions are oriented on solving problems within the optimization of state external debt dynamic. Learning and researching about the influence of state debt on the stability of the state economy, will help conductors of economic policy to plan the right measures to avoid debt crisis. For this purpose:
- We revealed valid factors on the stability of debt according to regressive analysis, among which the most important are the quality of debt service, deficiency of budget and level of employment.
-We have made forecasts about the stability of state external debt and about the factors which influence them till the 2030.