bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noise-aware physics-informed machine learning for robust PDE discovery
Authors: Thanasutives Pongpisit , Morita Takashi , Numao Masayuki , Fukui Ken-ichi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This work is concerned with discovering the governing partial differential equation (PDE) of a physical system. Existing methods have demonstrated the PDE identification from finite observations but failed to maintain satisfying results against noisy data, partly owing to suboptimal estimated derivatives and found PDE coefficients. We address the issues by introducing a noise-aware physics-informed machine learning framework to discover the governing PDE from data following arbitrary distributions. We propose training a couple of neural networks, namely solver and preselector, in a multi-task learning paradigm, which yields important scores of basis candidates that constitute the hidden physical constraint. After they are jointly trained, the solver network estimates potential candidates, e.g. partial derivatives, for the sparse regression to initially unveil the most likely parsimonious PDE, decided according to information criterion. Denoising physics-informed neural networks, based on discrete Fourier transform, is proposed to deliver the optimal PDE coefficients respecting the noise-reduced variables. Extensive experiments on five canonical PDEs affirm that the proposed framework presents a robust and interpretable approach for PDE discovery, leading to a new automatic PDE selection algorithm established on minimization of the information criterion decay rate.
Nitrogen plasma passivation of GaAs nanowires resolved by temperature dependent photoluminescence
Authors: Irish Austin , Zou Xianshao , Barrigon Enrique , D’Acunto Giulio , Timm Rainer , T Borgström Magnus , Yartsev Arkady 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We demonstrate a significant improvement in the optical performance of GaAs nanowires achieved using a mixed nitrogen-hydrogen plasma which passivates surface states and reduces the rate of nonradiative recombination. This has been confirmed by time-resolved photoluminescence measurements. At room temperature, the intensity and lifetime of radiative recombination in the plasma-treated nanowires was several times greater than that of the as-grown GaAs nanowires. Low-temperature measurements corroborated these findings, revealing a dramatic increase in photoluminescence by two orders of magnitude. Photoelectron spectroscopy of plasma passivated nanowires demonstrated a yearlong stability achieved through the replacement of surface oxygen with nitrogen. Furthermore, the process removed the As0 defects observed on non-passivated nanowires which are known to impair devices. The results validate plasma as a nitridation technique suitable for nanoscale GaAs crystals. As a simple ex situ procedure with modest temperature and vacuum requirements, it represents an easy method for incorporating GaAs nanostructures into optoelectronic devices.
In vitro assessment of the pulmonary toxicity of particulate matter emitted during haze events in Chiang Mai, Thailand via investigation of macrophage responses
Authors: Maciaszek Krystyna , Gillies Suzanne , Kawichai Sawaeng , Prapamontol Tippawan , Santijitpakdee Teetawat , Kliengchuay Wissanupong , Sahanavin Narut , Mueller William , Vardoulakis Sotiris , Samutrtai Pawitrabhorn , Cherrie John W , Brown David M , Tantrakarnapa Kraichat , Johnston Helinor J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Chiang Mai (Thailand) experiences severe haze pollution in the dry season (December–April) each year mainly due to local and regional biomass burning (e.g. of agricultural land). A major component of the haze is airborne particulate matter (PM). During haze events, biomass burning is likely to be the dominant source of PM emissions, and at other times emissions from traffic dominate. The hazard of traffic derived PM has been extensively investigated previously but there are uncertainties regarding the toxicity of PM emitted from biomass burning. The toxicity of PM10 samples collected during and after haze events in Chiang Mai in 2020 was compared in vitro in J774.1 macrophages as they are responsible for the clearance of inhaled particles. Diesel exhaust particles and ultrafine carbon black were included as benchmark particles as they have been commonly used as a surrogate for PM. Cytotoxicity was evaluated 24 h post exposure at concentrations of 3.9–125 µg ml−1. Cytokine production (tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-2)) was assessed and cell morphology visualised using light and scanning electron microscopy. The hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential and endotoxin content of all particles was assessed as well as the metal content of PM samples. All particles induced a concentration dependent decrease in cell viability and increased TNF-α and MIP-2 production. Only PM samples stimulated IL-6 production and only non-haze PM caused IL-1β production. No change in IL-10 production was detected for any particle. PM samples and DEP caused vacuole formation in cells. The concentrations of endotoxin and metals were highest in non-haze PM, which may explain why it induced the greatest inflammatory response. As non-haze PM was more toxic than haze PM, our results indicate that the source of PM emissions can influence its toxic potency and more specifically, that PM emitted from biomass burning may be less toxic than PM emitted from traffic.
Alloimmunization Against RBC Antigens Is Not Associated With Decreased Survival in Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Chornenkyy Yevgen , Gama Alcino Pires , Felicelli Christopher , Khurram Nigar , Booth Adam L , Leventhal Joseph R , Ramsey Glenn Eugene , Yang Guang-Yu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundImprovement of liver transplantation (LT) outcomes requires better understanding of factors affecting survival. The presence of RBC alloantibodies (RBCAs) on survival in LT recipients was evaluated.MethodsThis study was a single-center, retrospective cohort study reviewing transfusion records and all-cause mortality between 2002 and 2021.ResultsBetween 2002 and 2021, 2079 LTs were completed, 1,396 of which met inclusion criteria (1,305 RBCA negative; 91 RBCA positive [6.5%]). The cohorts were similar in age (mean [range], 55.8 [17-79] years vs 56.8 [25-73] years; P = .41, respectively) or sex (RBCA negative, 859 [65%] men and 446 [35%] women vs RBCA positive, 51 [56%] men and 40 [44%] women; P = .0684). Of 132 RBCAs detected, 10 were most common were to E (27.27%), Jka (15.91%), K (9.09%), C (8.33%), M (6.06%), D (5.3%), Fya (4.55%), e (2.27%), c (2.27%), and Jkb (2.27%). Twenty-seven patients (29.7%) had more than 1 RBCA; the most common combinations were C with Jka (7.4%) and E with Dia (7.4%). All-cause mortality was increased in men (men, 14.45 years vs women, 17.27 years; P = .0266) and patients 65 years of age and older (≥65 years of age, 10.21 years vs &lt;64 years of age, 17.22 years; P &lt; .0001). The presence of RBCA (≥1) did not affect all-cause mortality (RBCA negative, 14.17 years vs RBCA positive, 15.29 years; P = .4367). The top 5 causes of death were infection (11.9%), primary malignancy (solid) (10.8%), recurrent malignancy (10.5%), cardiovascular arrest (7.1%), and pulmonary insufficiency/respiratory failure (5.7%).ConclusionsSurvival in RBCA-positive LT recipients is no different from that in RBCA-negative LT recipients.
Multi-discourse Modes in Student Writing: Effects of Combining Narrative and Argument Discourse Modes on Argumentative Essay Scores
Authors: Wang Zhan , Chiu Ming Ming 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Although many studies modelled writing quality by analysing basic skills (spelling, grammar, etc.), few focused on top-down compositional strategies at the discourse level. We propose that using both narrative and argument discourse modes in an argumentative essay (a multi-discourse mode [MDM] strategy) capitalizes on their complementary advantages, yielding higher quality argumentative essays. We tested whether MDM strategy and linguistic features were linked to essay scores in 695 Chinese high-stakes exam essays by upper secondary school students. Path analyses showed that essays with the MDM strategy had higher scores. MDM essays also featured more words, shorter sentences, more infrequent words, and more concrete words—all contributing to higher essay scores. Additionally, essays written from a picture prompt (versus a text prompt) had higher scores. This study captures how discourse strategies can improve essay writing.
Predicting protein stability changes upon mutation using a simple orientational potential
Authors: Hernández Iván Martín , Dehouck Yves , Bastolla Ugo , López-Blanco José Ramón , Chacón Pablo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Structure-based stability prediction upon mutation is crucial for protein engineering and design, and for understanding genetic diseases or drug resistance events. For this task, we adopted a simple residue-based orientational potential that considers only three backbone atoms, previously applied in protein modeling. Its application to stability prediction only requires parametrizing 12 amino acid-dependent weights using cross-validation strategies on a curated dataset in which we tried to reduce the mutations that belong to protein–protein or protein–ligand interfaces, extreme conditions and the alanine over-representation.

Results
Our method, called KORPM, accurately predicts mutational effects on an independent benchmark dataset, whether the wild-type or mutated structure is used as starting point. Compared with state-of-the-art methods on this balanced dataset, our approach obtained the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) and the highest correlation between predicted and experimental ΔΔG measures, as well as better receiver operating characteristics and precision-recall curves. Our method is almost anti-symmetric by construction, and it performs thus similarly for the direct and reverse mutations with the corresponding wild-type and mutated structures. Despite the strong limitations of the available experimental mutation data in terms of size, variability, and heterogeneity, we show competitive results with a simple sum of energy terms, which is more efficient and less prone to overfitting.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/chaconlab/korpm.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Sperm selection by the oviduct: perspectives for male fertility and assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: Soto-Heras Sandra , Sakkas Denny , Miller David J 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe contribution of sperm to embryogenesis is gaining attention with up to 50% of infertility cases being attributed to a paternal factor. The traditional methods used in assisted reproductive technologies for selecting and assessing sperm quality are mainly based on motility and viability parameters. However, other sperm characteristics, including deoxyribonucleic acid integrity, have major consequences for successful live birth. In natural reproduction, sperm navigate the male and female reproductive tract to reach and fertilize the egg. During transport, sperm encounter many obstacles that dramatically reduce the number arriving at the fertilization site. In humans, the number of sperm is reduced from tens of millions in the ejaculate to hundreds in the Fallopian tube (oviduct). Whether this sperm population has higher fertilization potential is not fully understood, but several studies in animals indicate that many defective sperm do not advance to the site of fertilization. Moreover, the oviduct plays a key role in fertility by modulating sperm transport, viability, and maturation, providing sperm that are ready to fertilize at the appropriate time. Here we present evidence of sperm selection by the oviduct with emphasis on the mechanisms of selection and the sperm characteristics selected. Considering the sperm parameters that are essential for healthy embryonic development, we discuss the use of novel in vitro sperm selection methods that mimic physiological conditions. We propose that insight gained from understanding how the oviduct selects sperm can be translated to assisted reproductive technologies to yield high fertilization, embryonic development, and pregnancy rates.
HPLC-UV Method Development and Validation to Monitor Difluprednate Synthesis
Authors: Sammut Bartolo Nicolette , Vella Szijj Janis , Ferrito Victor , Serracino-Inglott Anthony 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
During the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) there is a need for the development and validation of a simple and rapid high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination and quantification of the synthesized product and related by-products. An HPLC method gives a better understanding of how a synthesis is proceeding. A rapid and easy to use HPLC-UV (ultraviolet) method for the determination of difluprednate and monitoring of impurities generated during synthesis was developed and validated. A Shimadzu VP Series HPLC equipped with a LabSolutions software and UV detector set at 240 nm was used for analysis. The mobile phase consisted of phosphate buffer (pH 6) and acetonitrile 50:50 (v/v) and was eluted at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. Separation took place on a reversed-phase Kinetex C18 column (150 × 4.60 mm; 5 μm i.d.). Column temperature was set at 40°C. The developed method was found to have good linearity and acceptable accuracy and precision. The developed method may be effectively applied to determine products and by-products formed during synthetic reactions of steroids and to calculate the yield of the products obtained during each step of the synthesis.
A New Approach of Evaluating the Security Against Differential and Linear Cryptanalysis and Its Applications to Serpent, NOEKEON and ASCON
Authors: Zhou Chunning , Zhang Wentao , Cao Weiwei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In recent years, Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP)-based automatic tools have played a significant role in providing security evaluations of symmetric-key primitives. Differential and linear cryptanalysis are the two most important cryptographic techniques. Although some methods have conducted a great effort in exploiting MILP-aided tools in searching for differential (linear) characteristics, traditional methods still suffer from primitives with strong diffusion layers and large sizes, such as NOEKEON. Typically, searching for differential (linear) characteristics of such primitives is difficult, and the corresponding MILP models are too heavy to be solved efficiently. To this end, we propose a simple yet efficient approach to employ MILP to evaluate the security against differential and linear cryptanalysis of such primitives. The core of our approach is to reduce the complex problem to a set of simpler subproblems and obtain the optimal solution of the complex problem by combining all the subproblems. A subproblem is equivalent to searching for all differential (linear) characteristics with a fixed number of active S-boxes in each round. Furthermore, we design an elaborate algorithm consisting of three MILP-aided methods to solve various subproblems and adopt some techniques to improve efficiency further. Applying our new algorithm to three SPN primitives Serpent, NOEKEON and ASCON, we obtain the tightest security bounds against differential and linear cryptanalysis for all three primitives so far and find improved differential and linear characteristics for Serpent and NOEKEON. For Serpent, we improve the upper bound of the maximum probability of 7-round differential characteristics from $2^{-71}$ to $2^{-76}$ and find for the first time 7-round differential characteristics. For NOEKEON, our results show that there is no 9-round (10-round) differential (linear) characteristic with a probability (correlation) higher than $2^{-128}$ ($2^{-64}$), whereas it needs 10 rounds (11 rounds) according to the previous results. In addition, we find an 8-round (9-round) differential (linear) characteristic with a probability (correlation) of $2^{-127}$ ($2^{-60}$). For ASCON permutation, we provide for the first time an upper bound of the maximum probability (correlation) of 5-round differential (linear) characteristics as $2^{-70}$ ($2^{-33}$).
Coronary-subclavian steal syndrome: a case report of a rare entity that can become a deadly threat
Authors: Monteagudo-Vela María , Bastante Teresa , Monguió-Santín Emilio , del Val David , Panoulas Vasileios , Reyes-Copa Guillermo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), the coronary-subclavian steal syndrome (CSSS) is characterized by a subclavian artery stenosis proximal to the origin of the internal mammary artery resulting in functional graft failure.Case summaryA 62-year-old gentleman underwent CABG following a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction and an angiogram showing left main stem and three-vessel disease. Forty-eight hours later he developed cardiogenic shock that improved with inotropic support and intra-aortic balloon pump insertion. However, 7 days later, he deteriorated again and even though the myocardial injury markers and echocardiogram were normal, an angiography was performed showing significant CSSS. Due to the chronic nature of his subclavian stenosis and the severity of the cardiogenic shock, the heart team decided to treated his epicardial disease percutaneously and occlude the left internal mammary artery in its mid-segment with coils. The patient was discharged home 28 days after CABG and has remained since asymptomatic with improvement in his functional class.DiscussionCoronary-subclavian steal syndrome is a rare but fatal complication with increased morbidity and mortality due to reduced awareness amongst medical professionals. Subclavian artery stenosis stenting is the gold standard treatment; herein we present a new approach for complex and very sick patients in whom it is not possible to open the subclavian artery percutaneously. Increased awareness and prompt diagnosis of this pathology in CABG patients are essential for successful outcomes.
Multivessel coronary spasm triggered by ganglionated plexi stimulation during atrial fibrillation radiofrequency catheter ablation: a case report
Authors: De Innocentiis Carlo , Astore Pasquale , Giannantonio Maria , Ienco Vincenzo , Santamaria Matteo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in adults, and it is associated with a high burden of mortality and morbidity worldwide. AF can be managed with rate-control or rhythm-control strategies. The latter is increasingly used to improve symptoms and prognosis in selected patients, especially after the development of catheter ablation. Although this technique is generally considered safe, it is not free from rare but life-threatening procedure-related adverse events. Among these, coronary artery spasm (CAS) is an uncommon but potentially fatal complication that requires immediate diagnosis and treatment.Case summaryWe report a case of severe multivessel CAS triggered by ganglionated plexi stimulation during pulmonary vein isolation with radiofrequency catheter ablation in a patient with persistent AF, promptly resolved after intracoronary nitrate administration.DiscussionAlthough rare, CAS is a serious complication of AF catheter ablation. Immediate invasive coronary angiography is key for both diagnosis confirmation and treatment of such dangerous condition. As the number of invasive procedures increases, it is important that both interventional and general cardiologists are aware of possible procedure-related adverse events.
Percutaneous closure of giant aneurysmal coronary artery-to-coronary sinus fistulae with guidance from three-dimensional printed models: a case series
Authors: Kanduri Jaya , Truong Quynh A , Shin James , Wong Shing-Chiu , Bergman Geoffrey , Kim Luke , Holzer Ralf , Singh Harsimran S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Coronary artery fistulae are abnormal communications of coronary arteries with systemic vasculature, pulmonary vasculature, or cardiac chambers. Use of multimodality imaging can be paramount to understanding anatomical and functional features of these complex vascular lesions, therefore optimizing success of potential curative interventions.

Case summary
We present two patients with incidentally discovered giant aneurysmal coronary arteries with distal fistulous connections to the coronary sinus, which were successfully closed percutaneously with Amplatzer Septal Occluders using the assistance of three-dimensional (3D) printed heart models.

Conclusion
Computed tomography–guided reconstruction with 3D multiplanar, multicolour printed models can help augment visuospatial understanding of the size, origin, course, and drainage of giant aneurysmal coronary artery-to-coronary sinus fistulae, and with manual bench testing can assist with choosing accurately sized and shaped devices for closure.
Target therapy forBRAFmutated anaplastic thyroid cancer: a clinical and molecular study
Authors: da Silva Tiago Nunes , Rodrigues Ricardo , Saramago Ana , Pires Carolina , Rito Miguel , Horta Mariana , Martins Carmo , Leite Valeriano , Cavaco Branca M 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesAnaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) has a poor survival. The combination of Dabrafenib plus Trametinib (DT) had a significant impact in survival of BRAF p.V600E patients. However, durable responses may be compromised by resistance. We aim to present our experience with DT in BRAF positive ATC patients and compare the outcomes with usual therapy, and to study tumor molecular alterations in the DT group.MethodsPatients treated between May 2018 and April 2022 in a tertiary referral center, assessed for BRAF status were included. Patients were divided in three groups: BRAF p.V600E treated with DT, BRAF wild type (WT) under multimodal therapy (MT), and BRAF WT under compassionate care (CC). Response was assessed monthly in the first 6 months and every 3 months afterwards, by RECIST 1.1. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test.ResultsTwenty-seven ATC patients were included (DT = 9, MT = 8, and CC = 10). Median OS was 475 days for DT, 156 days for MT, and 39 days for CC (P &lt; .001). At 12 months, only patients in the DT group were alive (71%). Median PFS was 270 days, in the DT group, compared with less than 32 days in BRAF WT (P &lt; .001). No severe adverse events were reported. Molecular profiling showed that in one of the four clinical progressions, a pathogenic NRAS mutation was found.ConclusionsOur results show a significant real-world efficacy of Dabrafenib plus Trametinib in both survival and recurrence compared with standard treatment, with a good safety profile.