bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Lotus‐Petiole‐Inspired Hierarchical Design with Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Management for Enhanced Solar Water Purification
Authors: Li Xiangyu , Tian Ye , Zhang Panpan , Liu Na , Zhai Huajun , Ji Jiujiang , Zhao Shuaiheng , Liu Yue , Xu Dake , Wang Fuhui , Wei Yen , Feng Lin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSolar‐driven vapor generation offers an affordable and sustainable approach to solve global freshwater scarcity. Creating interfacial solar evaporators capable of increasing water production rates matching human water requirements is highly desirable but challenging due to the slow water transportation dynamics and unavoidable oil‐fouling. Herein, a bio‐inspired lotus‐petiole‐mimetic microstructured graphene/poly(N‐acryloyl glycinamide) solar evaporator with integrated hydrophilic and hydrophobic microregions is developed. Through accurate control of the supramolecular interactions, the optimized solar evaporator incorporating unique structural features and wettability shows high light harvesting, enhanced water activation, and reduced energy demand for water vaporization, enabling a groundbreaking comprehensive performance along evaporation rate up to 3.4 kg m−2 h−1 and energy conversion efficiency of ≈93% under one sun irradiation (1 kW m−2). Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the abundant hydrogen bonding sites of the polymeric networks can thermodynamically modulate the escape behavior of water molecules. Notably, neither decrease in evaporation rate nor fouling on solar evaporators is observed during the prolonged purification process toward nano/submicrometer emulsions, oily brines, actual seawater, and domestic wastewater. This study provides distinctive insights into water evaporation behaviors at a molecular level and pioneers a rational strategy to design high‐yield freshwater‐generation systems for wastewater containing complex contaminants.
Aptamer‐Modified Homogeneous Catalysts, Heterogenous Nanoparticle Catalysts, and Photocatalysts: Functional “Nucleoapzymes”, “Aptananozymes”, and “Photoaptazymes”
Authors: Ouyang Yu , O'Hagan Michael P , Willner Bilha , Willner Itamar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractConjugation of aptamers to homogeneous catalysts (“nucleoapzymes”), heterogeneous nanoparticle catalysts (“aptananozymes”), and photocatalysts (“photoaptazymes”) yields superior catalytic/photocatalytic hybrid nanostructures emulating functions of native enzymes and photosystems. The concentration of the substrate in proximity to the catalytic sites (“molarity effect”) or spatial concentration of electron‐acceptor units in spatial proximity to the photosensitizers, by aptamer–ligand complexes, leads to enhanced catalytic/photocatalytic efficacies of the hybrid nanostructures. This is exemplified by sets of “nucleoapzymes” composed of aptamers conjugated to the hemin/G‐quadruplex DNAzymes or metal–ligand complexes as catalysts, catalyzing the oxidation of dopamine to aminochrome, oxygen‐insertion into the Ar─H moiety of tyrosinamide and the subsequent oxidation of the catechol product into aminochrome, or the hydrolysis of esters or ATP. Also, aptananozymes consisting of aptamers conjugated to Cu2+‐ or Ce4+‐ion‐modified C‐dots or polyadenine‐stabilized Au nanoparticles acting as catalysts oxidizing dopamine or operating bioreactor biocatalytic cascades, are demonstrated. In addition, aptamers conjugated to the Ru(II)–tris‐bipyridine photosensitizer or the Zn(II) protoporphyrin IX photosensitizer provide supramolecular photoaptazyme assemblies emulating native photosynthetic reaction centers. Effective photoinduced electron transfer followed by the catalyzed synthesis of NADPH or the evolution of H2 is demonstrated by the photosystems. Structure–function relationships dictate the catalytic and photocatalytic efficacies of the systems.
Soft Multimaterial Magnetic Fibers and Textiles
Authors: Banerjee Hritwick , Leber Andreas , Laperrousaz Stella , La Polla Rémi , Dong Chaoqun , Mansour Syrine , Wan Xue , Sorin Fabien 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMagnetically responsive soft materials are promising building blocks for the next generation of soft robotics, prosthesis, surgical tools, and smart textiles. To date, however, the fabrication of highly integrated magnetic fibers with extreme aspect ratios, that can be used as steerable catheters, endoscopes, or within functional textiles remains challenging. Here, multimaterial thermal drawing is proposed as a material and processing platform to realize 10s of meters long soft, ultrastretchable, yet highly resilient magnetic fibers. Fibers with a diameter as low as 300 µm and an aspect ratio of 105 are demonstrated, integrating nanocomposite domains with ferromagnetic microparticles embedded in a soft elastomeric matrix. With the proper choice of filler content that must strike the right balance between magnetization density and mechanical stiffness, fibers withstanding strains of >1000% are shown, which can be magnetically actuated and lift up to 370 times their own weight. Magnetic fibers can also integrate other functionalities like microfluidic channels, and be weaved into conventional textiles. It is shown that the novel magnetic textiles can be washed and sustain extreme mechanical constraints, as well as be folded into arbitrary shapes when magnetically actuated, paving the way toward novel intriguing opportunities in medical textiles and soft magnetic systems.
Hydrovoltaic Electricity Generator with Hygroscopic Materials: A Review and New Perspective
Authors: Lim Haeseong , Kim Min Soo , Cho Yujang , Ahn Jaewan , Ahn Seongcheol , Nam Jong Seok , Bae Jaehyeong , Yun Tae Gwang , Kim Il‐Doo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe global energy crisis caused by the overconsumption of nonrenewable fuels has prompted researchers to develop alternative strategies for producing electrical energy. In this review, a fascinating strategy that simply utilizes water, an abundant natural substance throughout the globe and even in air as moisture, as a power source is introduced. The concept of the hydrovoltaic electricity generator (HEG) proposed herein involves generating an electrical potential gradient by exposing the two ends of the HEG device to dissimilar physicochemical environments, which leads to the production of an electrical current through the active material. HEGs, with a large variety of viable active materials, have much potential for expansion toward diverse applications including permanent and/or emergency power sources. In this review, representative HEGs that generate electricity by the mechanisms of diffusion, streaming, and capacitance as case studies for building a fundamental understanding of the electricity generation process are discussed. In particular, by comparing the use and absence of hygroscopic materials, HEG mechanism studies to establish active material design principles are meticulously elucidated. The review with future perspectives on electrode design using conducting nanomaterials, considerations for high performance device construction, and potential impacts of the HEG technology in improving the livelihoods are reviewed.
Microenvironment‐Activated Nanozyme‐Armed Bacteriophages Efficiently Combat Bacterial Infection
Authors: Jin Lulu , Cao Fangfang , Gao Yong , Zhang Chenyin , Qian Zhefeng , Zhang Jiaojiao , Mao Zhengwei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBacterial infection is one of the greatest challenges to public health, requiring new therapeutic methods. Herein, an innovative nanozyme‐armed phage (phage@palladium (Pd)) system is fabricated for combating bacterial infection. The proposed phage@Pd preserves the function of the phages to achieve precise recognition and adhesion to the host Escherichia coli. In aid of the phages, the ultrasmall Pd nanozymes equipped with conspicuous pH‐dependent peroxidase‐like activity can generate toxic hydroxyl radical around the bacteria in acidic and hydrogen‐peroxide‐overexpressed infection microenvironment while remaining inert in physiological conditions, thus realizing the noteworthy elimination of bacteria at infected sites, and in the meantime ensuring the biological safety of phage@Pd in healthy tissues. In addition, the filamentous structure of phage@Pd can also enhance its bactericidal efficiency toward nonhost bacteria by randomly entangling on them, indicating possible broad‐spectrum germicidal efficacy. Notably, phage@Pd can not only eradicate planktonic bacteria, but also kill the bacteria inside the biofilm in vitro. For both in vivo models of acute bacterial pneumonia or subcutaneous abscess, phage@Pd shows significant activity in eliminating infection and promoting tissue recovery. These results demonstrate that the phage@Pd nanohybrid is a safe and effective antimicrobial agent, providing a new insight into development of advanced antibacterial materials.
Electrostatic Attractive Self‐Delivery of siRNA and Light‐Induced Self‐Escape for Synergistic Gene Therapy
Authors: Yang Yuxin , Ning Haijun , Xia Tianping , Du Jianjun , Sun Wen , Fan Jiangli , Peng Xiaojun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSmall interfering RNA (siRNA) holds immense promise for suppressing gene expression and treating various life‐threatening diseases, including cancer. However, efficient delivery and lysosomal escape remain critical challenges that hinder the therapeutic effectiveness of siRNA. Herein, cationic photosensitizer (NB‐Br) is grafted onto polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1) siRNA to form an amphiphilic siRNA‐photosensitizer conjugate (siPLK1‐NB), which can self‐assemble into nanoparticles (siPLK1‐NB NPs) via electrostatic attraction. Notably, siPLK1‐NB NPs exhibit rapid and efficient cell endocytosis, as well as outstanding tumor‐targeting property in multiple tumor‐bearing mice models. When siPLK1‐NB NPs are located inside tumor cell lysosomes, the generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) after photoactivation can disrupt the lysosome membrane structure and facilitate siRNA escape from lysosomes. Under light irradiation, siPLK1‐NB NPs can downregulate PLK1 expression and induce photodynamic killing, effectively inhibiting tumor cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Consequently, this study provides a novel design strategy for carrier‐free siRNA delivery systems. As far as it is known, this is the first report of a carrier‐free siRNA delivery system based on electrostatic attraction.
Strain and Optoelectronic Tuning in Mixed‐Halide Perovskites with Ion Irradiation
Authors: Gautam Subodh K. , Kim Minjin , Geffroy Bernard , Boirot Milo , Jacques Vincent L. R. , Plantevin Olivier 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDefects usually behave as imperfections in materials that significantly degrade their performance. However, the unusual optoelectronic performance in metal halide perovskites in the presence of defects opens the way for strain and optoelectronic properties tailoring with ion irradiation. Defects and strain engineering is performed in triple‐cation mixed halide perovskites using proton irradiation at 1 MeV and different fluences. At intermediate fluence, the initial polycrystalline film compressive strain (−0.15%) can be released, improving exciton lifetimes from about 500 ns to ≈1 µs. In contrast, high irradiation fluence is shown to restore compressive strain leading to sample degradation, with lower lifetime values (≈200 ns). Also, the phase segregation occurring under light illumination between bromine‐rich and iodine‐rich regions is shown to be defects‐mediated as the segregation rate increases by a factor of four for high proton irradiation fluence. The irradiation defects are revealed with low‐temperature photoluminescence (PL) through bound exciton radiative recombination mechanisms. The PL temperature dependence gives some insight into electron–phonon coupling mechanism and their modification with ion irradiation.
An Innovative miR‐Activated Scaffold for the Delivery of a miR‐221 Inhibitor to Enhance Cartilage Defect Repair
Authors: Intini Claudio , Ferreras Lia Blokpoel , Casey Sarah , Dixon James E. , Gleeson John P. , O'Brien Fergal J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe development of treatments to restore damaged cartilage that can provide functional recovery with minimal risk of revision surgery remains an unmet clinical need. Gene therapy shows increased promise as an innovative solution for enhanced tissue repair. Within this study a novel microRNA (miR)‐activated scaffold is developed for enhanced mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) chondrogenesis and cartilage repair through the delivery of an inhibitor to microRNA‐221 (miR‐221), which is known to have a negative effect of chondrogenesis. To fabricate the miR‐activated scaffolds, composite type II collagen‐containing scaffolds designed specifically for cartilage repair are first manufactured by lyophilization and then functionalized with glycosaminoglycan‐binding enhanced transduction (GET) system nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulating the miR‐221 inhibitor. Subsequently, scaffolds are cultured with human‐derived MSCs in vitro under chondrogenic conditions for 28 days. The miR‐activated scaffolds successfully transfect human MSCs with the miR‐221 cargo in a sustained and controlled manner up to 28 days. The silencing of miR‐221 in human MSCs using the miR‐activated scaffold promotes an improved and more robust cell‐mediated chondrogenic response with repressed early‐stage events related to MSC hypertrophy. Taken together, this innovative miR‐activated scaffold for the delivery of a miR‐221 inhibitor demonstrates capability to improve chondrogenesis with promise to enhance cartilage defect repair.
Terahertz Spin Current Dynamics in Antiferromagnetic Hematite
Authors: Qiu Hongsong , Seifert Tom S. , Huang Lin , Zhou Yongjian , Kašpar Zdeněk , Zhang Caihong , Wu Jingbo , Fan Kebin , Zhang Qi , Wu Di , Kampfrath Tobias , Song Cheng , Jin Biaobing , Chen Jian , Wu Peiheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn important vision of modern magnetic research is to use antiferromagnets (AFMs) as controllable and active ultrafast components in spintronic devices. Hematite (α‐Fe2O3) is a promising model material in this respect because its pronounced Dzyaloshinskii‐Moriya interaction leads to the coexistence of antiferromagnetism and weak ferromagnetism. Here, femtosecond laser pulses are used to drive terahertz (THz) spin currents fromα‐Fe2O3into an adjacent Pt layer. Two contributions to the generation of the spin current with distinctly different dynamics are found: the impulsive stimulated Raman scatting that relies on the AFM order and the ultrafast spin Seebeck effect that relies on the net magnetization. The total THz spin current dynamics can be manipulated by a medium‐strength magnetic field below 1 T. The control of the THz spin current achieved inα‐Fe2O3opens the pathway toward tailoring the exact spin current dynamics from ultrafast AFM spin sources.
Tailoring Conversion‐Reaction‐Induced Alloy Interlayer for Dendrite‐Free Sulfide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Metal Battery
Authors: Liang Yuhao , Shen Chen , Liu Hong , Wang Chao , Li Dabing , Zhao Xiaoxue , Fan Li‐Zhen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUtilization of lithium (Li) metal anodes in all‐solid‐state batteries employing sulfide solid electrolytes is hindered by diffusion‐related dendrite growth at high rates of charge. Engineering ex‐situ Li‐intermetallic interlayers derived from a facile solution‐based conversion‐alloy reaction is attractive for bypassing the Li0 self‐diffusion restriction. However, no correlation is established between the properties of conversion‐reaction‐induced (CRI) interlayers and the deposition behavior of Li0 in all‐solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries (ASSLBs). Herein, using a control set of electrochemical characterization experiments with LixAgy as the interlayer in different battery chemistries, this work identifies that dendritic tolerance in ASSLBs is susceptible to the surface roughness and electronic conductivity of the CRI‐alloy interlayer. This work thereby tailors the CRI‐alloy interlayer from the typical mosaic structure to a hierarchical gradient structure by adjusting the pit corrosion kinetics from the (de)solvation mechanism to an adsorption model, yielding a smooth organic‐rich outer layer and a composition‐regulated inorganic‐rich inner layer composed mainly of lithiophilic LixAgy and electron‐insulating LiF. Ultimately, desirable roughness, conductivity, and diffusivity are integrated simultaneously into the tailored CRI‐alloy interlayer, resulting in dendrite‐free and dense Li deposition beneath the interlayer capable of improving battery cycling stability. This work provides a rational protocol for the CRI‐alloy interlayer specialized for ASSLBs.
Breathable MOFs Layer on Atomically Grown 2D SnS2 for Stable and Selective Surface Activation
Authors: Kim Gwang Su , Lim Yunsung , Shin Joonchul , Yim Jaegyun , Hur Sunghoon , Song Hyun‐Cheol , Baek Seung‐Hyub , Kim Seong Keun , Kim Jihan , Kang Chong‐Yun , Jang Ji‐Soo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have significant research interests in various novel applications due to their intriguing physicochemical properties. Notably, one of the 2D TMDs, SnS2, has superior chemiresistive sensing properties, including a planar crystal structure, a large surface‐to‐volume ratio, and a low electronic noise. However, the long‐term stability of SnS2 in humid conditions remains a critical shortcoming towards a significant degradation of sensitivity. Herein, it is demonstrated that the subsequent self‐assembly of zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF‐8) can be achieved in situ growing on SnS2 nanoflakes as the homogeneous porous materials. ZIF‐8 layer on SnS2 allows the selective diffusion of target gas species, while effectively preventing the SnS2 from severe oxidative degradation. Molecular modeling such as molecular dynamic simulation and DFT calculation, further supports the mechanism of sensing stability and selectivity. From the results, the in situ grown ZIF‐8 porous membrane on 2D materials corroborates the generalizable strategy for durable and reliable high‐performance electronic applications of 2D materials.
Kinetics and Physicochemical Characteristics of Electrodeposited PEDOT:PSS Thin Film Growth
Authors: Mousavi Hajar , Ferrari Laura M , Whiteley Amelia , Ismailova Esma 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn bioelectronics, conducting polymer coatings allow the reduction of the impedance of metallic electrodes and facilitate the translation of bioelectrical signals at their interface. Such coatings can be made using thin film deposition from a solution or direct synthesis via electrodeposition. The electrical control over the deposition offers the possibility for a fine‐tuning of the film's thickness and structure. However, the mechanical stability of such coatings mainly suffer from their poor adhesion to the electrode surface and film cracking. Here, an extended study on the kinetics of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) electropolymerization and the evolution of its physicochemical properties is provided. The impedance spectroscopy closely follows the electrochemical variations during the PEDOT:PSS's film growth, described by modeled equivalent circuits. The film's properties change during polymerization in relation to the supporting electrode size, its surface chemistry, and the deposition time. The film growth structures polymeric morphology in a confluent layer with a strong thickness increase before reaching its mechanical surface failure. Before this point, the film remains stable over a hundred cycles of applied potential strain in a defined redox window. These evaluations benchmark the PEDOT:PSS film properties during its electropolymerization toward electrochemically tunable transducers for bioelectronics.
Rapid Self‐Assembly Process at Air/Water Confined Interface for Highly Aligned Crystalline Polymeric Semiconductor Films
Authors: Wu Zeng , Wu Yangjiang , Yang Jiayi , Yan Yongkun , Li Wenhao , Yang Longfei , Chen Qiuyuan , Yi Zhiying , Liu Yunqi , Chen Shumin , Zhao Yan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHighly aligned aggregation state structures have great significance for effective charge‐carrier transport in organic semiconductors. Several methods have been developed to provide organic semiconducting molecules with highly oriented aggregation state structure; among these, using a water surface to form organic semiconductor films is a widely implemented strategy, wherein solutions are spread on the surface of water. However, common techniques of film formation on water surfaces generally result in a nonuniform orientation of the film owing to the isotropic spread process of droplets on the water surface. In this study, a spatially confined air/water interfacial assembly method is proposed to obtain uniformly aligned monolayer and multilayer poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole‐thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene) thin films with controlled thickness. The structural and morphological characterizations obtained using atomic force microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, and grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering indicates the crystalline structure of the thin films and high alignment of the molecular chains. The maximum mobility of the thin films reaches up to 2.06 and 0.5 cm2 V−1 s−1 in the parallel and perpendicular direction, respectively, indicating apparent anisotropic electrical properties. Furthermore, an inverter based on these thin films exhibits a voltage gain of up to 70, demonstrating the potential of applying the proposed technique to logic circuits.
Colossal Gilbert Damping Anisotropy in Heusler‐Alloy Thin Films
Authors: Wang Ruifeng , Wang Wenqiang , Li Zhihao , Gao Qinwu , Wang Jin , Xu Yongkang , Yan Pengfei , Zhang Xiaolong , Zhang Yilin , Xu Yongbing , Liu Ronghua , He Liang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractManipulating Gilbert damping is of critical importance in spintronic devices. Here, this work reports the damping anisotropy of Heusler‐alloy Co3−xFexAl single crystalline thin films using inductive ferromagnetic resonance. A colossal Gilbert damping anisotropy ratio of up to 1400%, nearly three times higher than the highest value reported among known metallic ferromagnets, is observed in the optimized sample Co1.4Fe1.6Al. The Gilbert damping anisotropy with strong fourfold symmetry is attributed to the variation of the spin–orbit coupling, which is further corroborated by the current‐orientation‐dependent anisotropic magnetoresistance ratio in Co1.4Fe1.6Al thin film. These results provide a practical approach to adjust Gilbert damping continuously and show great promise for future spintronic applications.
In Situ Self‐Assembly of Fluorogenic RNA Nanozipper Enables Real‐Time Imaging of Single Viral mRNA Translation
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Peng , Wang Zhi‐Gang , Tian Yi‐Fan , Jiang Lin‐Han , Zhao Liang , Kong De‐Ming , Li Xing , Pang Dai‐Wen , Liu Shu‐Lin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractReal‐time visualization of individual viral mRNA translation activities in live cells is essential to obtain critical details of viral mRNA dynamics and to detect its transient responses to environmental stress. Fluorogenic RNA aptamers are powerful tools for real‐time imaging of mRNA in live cells, but monitoring the translation activity of individual mRNAs remains a challenge due to their intrinsic photophysical properties. Here, we develop a genetically encoded turn‐on 3,5‐difluoro‐4‐hydroxybenzylidene imidazolinone (DFHBI)‐binding RNA nanozipper with superior brightness and high photostability by in situ self‐assembly of multiple nanozippers along single mRNAs. The nanozipper enables real‐time imaging of the mobility and dynamic translation of individual viral mRNAs in live cells, providing information on the spatial dynamics and translational elongation rate of viral mRNAs.