bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steady-state solutions for a reaction–diffusion equation with Robin boundary conditions: Application to the control of dengue vectors
Authors: Almeida Luis , Bliman Pierre-Alexandre , Nguyen Nga , Vauchelet Nicolas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate an initial-boundary value problem of a reaction–diffusion equation in a bounded domain with a Robin boundary condition and introduce some particular parameters to consider the non-zero flux on the boundary. This problem arises in the study of mosquito populations under the intervention of the population replacement method, where the boundary condition takes into account the inflow and outflow of individuals through the boundary. Using phase plane analysis, the present paper studies the existence and properties of non-constant steady-state solutions depending on several parameters. Then, we prove some sufficient conditions for their stability. We show that the long-time efficiency of this control method depends strongly on the size of the treated zone and the migration rate. To illustrate these theoretical results, we provide some numerical simulations in the framework of mosquito population control.
Height function localisation on trees
Authors: Lammers Piet , Toninelli Fabio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe study two models of discrete height functions, that is, models of random integer-valued functions on the vertices of a tree. First, we consider the random homomorphism model, in which neighbours must have a height difference of exactly one. The local law is uniform by definition. We prove that the height variance of this model is bounded, uniformly over all boundary conditions (both in terms of location and boundary heights). This implies a strong notion of localisation, uniformly over all extremal Gibbs measures of the system. For the second model, we consider directed trees, in which each vertex has exactly one parent and at least two children. We consider the locally uniform law on height functions which are monotone, that is, such that the height of the parent vertex is always at least the height of the child vertex. We provide a complete classification of all extremal gradient Gibbs measures, and describe exactly the localisation-delocalisation transition for this model. Typical extremal gradient Gibbs measures are localised also in this case. Localisation in both models is consistent with the observation that the Gaussian free field is localised on trees, which is an immediate consequence of transience of the random walk.
Evaluation of the Turkey Nutrition and Health Surveys according to the mediterranean adequacy index and sustainability through water footprints
Authors: Erdoğan Gövez Nazlıcan , Akpınar Şentüre Şerife , Ayten Şerife , Köksal Eda 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjective:Sustainable diet is one of the main factors that support food security, and the Mediterranean diet (MD) one of the sustainable diet models associated with low ecological impact and optimum health results has come to the fore. It was aimed to compare the results of the 2010 and 2017 Turkey Nutrition and Health Studies (TNHS) according to the Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI) and in order to evaluate the environmental impact of the current nutritional status in Turkey through water footprints (WF).Design:The MAI score was calculated using the published results of the 2010 and 2017 TNHS, and the WF have been calculated as indicators of environmental impact.Setting:Turkey.Participants:There are no participants.Results:In the TNHS, there was an increase in the amount of energy provided by foods non-MD in 2017 compared to 2010, with a decrease in the total MAI score. The group with the lowest adherence to the MD in both years was the adult group (MAI20102·74 and MAI20172·31), while the group with the highest adherence was the adolescent group (MAI20103·21 and MAI20172·53). The MAI scores of females were higher than those of males in both years. The males aged 19–64 years had the largest (841 m3/year) WF and the females aged 65+ years had the smallest (483 m3/year). The food group that contributed the most to WF was meat and meat products (21·0–35·0 %).Conclusions:Adherence to the MD has decreased due to the increase in the consumption of the Western-type diet in Turkey.
Intensifying a crop–fallow system: impacts on soil properties, crop yields, and economics
Authors: Ruis S. J. , Stepanovic S. , Blanco-Canqui H. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Intensifying crop–fallow systems could address increased weed control costs, increased land or rental costs, reduced crop diversity, and degraded soil properties in water-limited environments. One strategy to intensify such systems could be the insertion of a short-season crop during fallow. But, how this strategy affects soils, crop production, and farm economics needs further research. Thus, we studied the impacts of replacing fallow in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L)–corn (Zea mays L.)–fallow system with a short-season spring crop [field pea (Pisum sativum L.)] on crop yields and economics from 2015 to 2019 and 5-yr cumulative effects on soil properties using an experiment in the west-central US Great Plains. After 5 yr, replacing fallow with field pea increased microbial biomass by 294 nmol g−1 and plant available water by 0.08 cm3 cm−3, and reduced bulk density by 0.1 g cm−3 and cone index by 0.73 MPa in the 0–5 cm depth. It had, however, no effect on other soil properties. Field pea yield averaged 2.24 Mg ha−1. Field pea reduced subsequent crop yield by 15–25% in two of three crops compared with fallow. However, economic analysis showed replacing fallow with field pea may improve net income by $144–303 ha−1, although income across the 5 yr differed by $65 ha−1 in favor of fallow. Replacing fallow in winter wheat–corn–fallow rotation with a short-season spring crop offers promise to improve some near-surface soil properties while increasing net economic return during fallow under the conditions of this study.
Pollination practices and grower perceptions of managed bumble bees (Bombus spp.) as pollinators of cranberry in Quebec and Wisconsin
Authors: Amon Nolan D. , Quezada Monica , Labarre Didier , Guédot Christelle 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Globally, honey bees are the most utilized animal pollinator in agriculture. However, fluctuations in honey bee colony availability have led to a demand for diversification among crop pollinators. Managed bumble bees are commercially available and highly efficient at pollinating many crops, including cranberries, yet utilization of these managed bees has remained relatively low in North America, with the cranberry industry remaining heavily reliant on honey bees. Here, we surveyed growers from Wisconsin (WI) and Quebec (QC), two of the world's largest cranberry producers, to assess their current crop pollination practices and attitudes regarding managed bumble bees as crop pollinators. To this end, we inquired about their farm demographics, usage of pollination practices, factors influencing those pollination practices, sources of information on crop pollination, and perceptions of managed bumble bees. QC respondents placed a greater importance on their relationships with beekeepers than WI respondents, while WI respondents were more concerned about fruit quality than QC respondents. QC respondents also stocked bumble bees and planted pollinator gardens at a higher percentage than WI respondents, believed that honey bees are more efficient pollinators of cranberry than bumble bees, and a greater proportion of QC respondents reported feeling well informed about bumble bees compared to WI respondents. Importantly, respondents in both regions rank bumble bees' ability to pollinate in inclement weather as their greatest benefit, and the costs of bumble bees as the greatest barrier to their use. We propose that trusted sources of pollination information in both regions, including university specialists, crop consultants, and beekeepers, are well suited to clarify misconceptions regarding bumble bee pollination.
Defocused imaging-based quantification of plasmon-induced distortion of single emitter emission
Authors: Moon Gwiyeong , Son Taehwang , Yoo Hajun , Lee Changhun , Lee Hyunwoong , Im Seongmin , Kim Donghyun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOptical properties of single emitters can be significantly improved through the interaction with plasmonic structures, leading to enhanced sensing and imaging capabilities. In turn, single emitters can act as sensitive probes of the local electromagnetic field surrounding plasmonic structures, furnishing fundamental insights into their physics and guiding the design of novel plasmonic devices. However, the interaction of emitters in the proximity to a plasmonic nanostructure causes distortion, which hinders precise estimation of position and polarization state and is one of the reasons why detection and quantification of molecular processes yet remain fundamentally challenging in this era of super-resolution. Here, we investigate axially defocused images of a single fluorescent emitter near metallic nanostructure, which encode emitter positions and can be acquired in the far-field with high sensitivity, while analyzing the images with pattern matching algorithm to explore emitter-localized surface plasmon interaction and retrieve information regarding emitter positions. Significant distortion in defocused images of fluorescent beads and quantum dots near nanostructure was observed and analyzed by pattern matching and finite-difference time-domain methods, which revealed that the distortion arises from the emitter interaction with nanostructure. Pattern matching algorithm was also adopted to estimate the lateral positions of a dipole that models an emitter utilizing the distorted defocused images and achieved improvement by more than 3 times over conventional diffraction-limited localization methods. The improvement by defocused imaging is expected to provide a way of enhancing reliability when using plasmonic nanostructure and diversifying strategies for various imaging and sensing modalities.
Stretchable and durable HD-sEMG electrodes for accurate recognition of swallowing activities on complex epidermal surfaces
Authors: Zhang Ding , Chen Zhitao , Xiao Longya , Zhu Beichen , Wu RuoXuan , Ou ChengJian , Ma Yi , Xie Longhan , Jiang Hongjie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSurface electromyography (sEMG) is widely used in monitoring human health. Nonetheless, it is challenging to capture high-fidelity sEMG recordings in regions with intricate curved surfaces such as the larynx, because regular sEMG electrodes have stiff structures. In this study, we developed a stretchable, high-density sEMG electrode array via layer-by-layer printing and lamination. The electrode offered a series of excellent human‒machine interface features, including conformal adhesion to the skin, high electron-to-ion conductivity (and thus lower contact impedance), prolonged environmental adaptability to resist water evaporation, and epidermal biocompatibility. This made the electrode more appropriate than commercial electrodes for long-term wearable, high-fidelity sEMG recording devices at complicated skin interfaces. Systematic in vivo studies were used to investigate its ability to classify swallowing activities, which was accomplished with high accuracy by decoding the sEMG signals from the chin via integration with an ear-mounted wearable system and machine learning algorithms. The results demonstrated the clinical feasibility of the system for noninvasive and comfortable recognition of swallowing motions for comfortable dysphagia rehabilitation.
Single cell dynamics and nitrogen transformations in the chain forming diatom Chaetoceros affinis
Authors: Stenow Rickard , Robertson Elizabeth K , Whitehouse Martin J , Ploug Helle 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Colony formation in phytoplankton is often considered a disadvantage during nutrient limitation in aquatic systems. Using stable isotopic tracers combined with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), we unravel cell-specific activities of a chain-forming diatom and interactions with attached bacteria. The uptake of 13C-bicarbonate and15N-nitrate or 15N-ammonium was studied in Chaetoceros affinis during the stationary growth phase. Low cell-to-cell variance of 13C-bicarbonate and 15N-nitrate assimilation within diatom chains prevailed during the early stationary phase. Up to 5% of freshly assimilated 13C and 15N was detected in attached bacteria within 12 h and supported bacterial C- and N-growth rates up to 0.026 h−1. During the mid-stationary phase, diatom chain-length decreased and 13C and 15N-nitrate assimilation was significantly higher in solitary cells as compared to that in chain cells. During the late stationary phase, nitrate assimilation ceased and ammonium assimilation balanced C fixation. At this stage, we observed highly active cells neighboring inactive cells within the same chain. In N-limited regimes, bacterial remineralization of N and the short diffusion distance between neighbors in chains may support surviving cells. This combination of “microbial gardening” and nutrient transfer within diatom chains represents a strategy which challenges current paradigms of nutrient fluxes in plankton communities.
Frequency of change determines effectiveness of microbial response strategies
Authors: Li Shengjie , Mosier Damon , Dong Xiaoli , Kouris Angela , Ji Guodong , Strous Marc , Diao Muhe 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Nature challenges microbes with change at different frequencies and demands an effective response for survival. Here, we used controlled laboratory experiments to investigate the effectiveness of different response strategies, such as post-translational modification, transcriptional regulation, and specialized versus adaptable metabolisms. For this, we inoculated replicated chemostats with an enrichment culture obtained from sulfidic stream microbiomes 16 weeks prior. The chemostats were submitted to alternatingly oxic and anoxic conditions at three frequencies, with periods of 1, 4 and 16 days. The microbial response was recorded with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, shotgun metagenomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. Metagenomics resolved provisional genomes of all abundant bacterial populations, mainly affiliated with Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Almost all these populations maintained a steady growth rate under both redox conditions at all three frequencies of change. Our results supported three conclusions: (1) Oscillating oxic/anoxic conditions selected for generalistic species, rather than species specializing in only a single condition. (2) A high frequency of change selected for strong codon usage bias. (3) Alignment of transcriptomes and proteomes required multiple generations and was dependent on a low frequency of change.
Network analysis of inflammation and symptoms in recent onset schizophrenia and the influence of minocycline during a clinical trial
Authors: Herniman Sarah E. , Wood Stephen J. , Khandaker Golam , Dazzan Paola , Pariante Carmine M. , Barnes Nicholas M. , Krynicki Carl R. , Nikkheslat Naghmeh , Vincent Rachel C. , Roberts Alex , Giordano Annalisa , Watson Andrew , Suckling John , Barnes Thomas R. E. , Husain Nusrat , Jones Peter B. , Joyce Eileen , Lawrie Stephen M. , Lewis Shôn , Deakin Bill , Upthegrove Rachel ,   the BeneMin Study Team
Published: September 2023

AbstractAttempts to delineate an immune subtype of schizophrenia have not yet led to the clear identification of potential treatment targets. An unbiased informatic approach at the level of individual immune cytokines and symptoms may reveal organisational structures underlying heterogeneity in schizophrenia, and potential for future therapies. The aim was to determine the network and relative influence of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines on depressive, positive, and negative symptoms. We further aimed to determine the effect of exposure to minocycline or placebo for 6 months on cytokine-symptom network connectivity and structure. Network analysis was applied to baseline and 6-month data from the large multi-center BeneMin trial of minocycline (N = 207) in schizophrenia. Pro-inflammatory cytokinesIL-6, TNF-α, andIFN-γhad the greatest influence in the inflammatory network and were associated with depressive symptoms and suspiciousness at baseline. At 6 months, the placebo group network connectivity was 57% stronger than the minocycline group, due to significantly greater influence ofTNF-α, early wakening, andpathological guilt.IL-6and its downstream impact onTNF-α, andIFN-γ, could offer novel targets for treatment if offered at the relevant phenotypic profile including those with depression. Future targeted experimental studies of immune-based therapies are now needed.
GelMap: intrinsic calibration and deformation mapping for expansion microscopy
Authors: Damstra Hugo G. J. , Passmore Josiah B. , Serweta Albert K. , Koutlas Ioannis , Burute Mithila , Meye Frank J. , Akhmanova Anna , Kapitein Lukas C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExpansion microscopy (ExM) is a powerful technique to overcome the diffraction limit of light microscopy by physically expanding biological specimen in three dimensions. Nonetheless, using ExM for quantitative or diagnostic applications requires robust quality control methods to precisely determine expansion factors and to map deformations due to anisotropic expansion. Here we present GelMap, a flexible workflow to introduce a fluorescent grid into pre-expanded hydrogels that scales with expansion and reports deformations. We demonstrate that GelMap can be used to precisely determine the local expansion factor and to correct for deformations without the use of cellular reference structures or pre-expansion ground-truth images. Moreover, we show that GelMap aids sample navigation for correlative uses of expansion microscopy. Finally, we show that GelMap is compatible with expansion of tissue and can be readily implemented as a quality control step into existing ExM workflows.
Statistically unbiased prediction enables accurate denoising of voltage imaging data
Authors: Eom Minho , Han Seungjae , Park Pojeong , Kim Gyuri , Cho Eun-Seo , Sim Jueun , Lee Kang-Han , Kim Seonghoon , Tian He , Böhm Urs L. , Lowet Eric , Tseng Hua-an , Choi Jieun , Lucia Stephani Edwina , Ryu Seung Hyun , Rózsa Márton , Chang Sunghoe , Kim Pilhan , Han Xue , Piatkevich Kiryl D. , Choi Myunghwan , Kim Cheol-Hee , Cohen Adam E. , Chang Jae-Byum , Yoon Young-Gyu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHere we report SUPPORT (statistically unbiased prediction utilizing spatiotemporal information in imaging data), a self-supervised learning method for removing Poisson–Gaussian noise in voltage imaging data. SUPPORT is based on the insight that a pixel value in voltage imaging data is highly dependent on its spatiotemporal neighboring pixels, even when its temporally adjacent frames alone do not provide useful information for statistical prediction. Such dependency is captured and used by a convolutional neural network with a spatiotemporal blind spot to accurately denoise voltage imaging data in which the existence of the action potential in a time frame cannot be inferred by the information in other frames. Through simulations and experiments, we show that SUPPORT enables precise denoising of voltage imaging data and other types of microscopy image while preserving the underlying dynamics within the scene.
Nonpharmacological approaches for pain and symptoms of depression in people with osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Burley Claire V. , Casey Anne-Nicole , Jones Matthew D. , Wright Kemi E. , Parmenter Belinda J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPeople with osteoarthritis often experience pain and depression. These meta-analyses examined and compared nonpharmacological randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for pain and symptoms of depression in people living with osteoarthritis. RCTs published up until April 2022 were sourced by searching electronic databases EMBASE, PUBMED & MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL and PEDro. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to calculate pooled effect sizes (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pain and depression. Subgroup analyses examined intervention subtypes. For pain, 29 interventions (n = 4382; 65 ± 6.9 years; 70% female), revealed a significant effect on reducing pain (ES = 0.43, 95% CI [0.25, 0.61], p < 0.001). Effect sizes were significant (p < 0.001) for movement meditation (ES = 0.52; 95% CI [0.35, 0.69]), multimodal approaches (ES = 0.37; 95% CI [0.22, 0.51]), and psychological therapy (ES = 0.21; 95% CI [0.11, 0.31]), and significant (p = 0.046) for resistance exercise (ES = 0.43, 95% CI [− 0.07, 0.94]. Aerobic exercise alone did not improve pain. For depression, 28 interventions (n = 3377; 63 ± 7.0 years; 69% female), revealed a significant effect on reducing depressive symptoms (ES = 0.29, 95% CI [0.08, 0.49], p < 0.001). Effect sizes were significant for movement meditation (ES = 0.30; 95% CI [0.06, 0.55], p = 0.008) and multimodal interventions (ES = 0.12; 95% CI [0.07, 0.18], p < 0.001). Resistance/aerobic exercise or therapy alone did not improve depressive symptoms. Mind–body approaches were more effective than aerobic/resistance exercise or therapy alone for reducing pain and depression in people with osteoarthritis.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42022338051.
The impact of atypical intrahospital transfers on patient outcomes: a mixed methods study
Authors: Mendelsohn Estera , Honeyford Kate , Brittin Andy , Mercuri Luca , Klaber Robert Edward , Expert Paul , Costelloe Céire 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe architectural design of hospitals worldwide is centred around individual departments, which require the movement of patients between wards. However, patients do not always take the simplest route from admission to discharge, but can experience convoluted movement patterns, particularly when bed availability is low. Few studies have explored the impact of these rarer, atypical trajectories. Using a mixed-method explanatory sequential study design, we firstly used three continuous years of electronic health record data prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, from 55,152 patients admitted to a London hospital network to define the ward specialities by patient type using the Herfindahl–Hirschman index. We explored the impact of ‘regular transfers’ between pairs of wards with shared specialities, ‘atypical transfers’ between pairs of wards with no shared specialities and ‘site transfers’ between pairs of wards in different hospital site locations, on length of stay, 30-day readmission and mortality. Secondly, to understand the possible reasons behind atypical transfers we conducted three focus groups and three in-depth interviews with site nurse practitioners and bed managers within the same hospital network. We found that at least one atypical transfer was experienced by 12.9% of patients. Each atypical transfer is associated with a larger increase in length of stay, 2.84 days (95% CI 2.56–3.12), compared to regular transfers, 1.92 days (95% CI 1.82–2.03). No association was found between odds of mortality, or 30-day readmission and atypical transfers after adjusting for confounders. Atypical transfers appear to be driven by complex patient conditions, a lack of hospital capacity, the need to reach specific services and facilities, and more exceptionally, rare events such as major incidents. Our work provides an important first step in identifying unusual patient movement and its impacts on key patient outcomes using a system-wide, data-driven approach. The broader impact of moving patients between hospital wards, and possible downstream effects should be considered in hospital policy and service planning.