bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General practitioners’ perspectives on the management of refugee health: a qualitative study
Authors: Davison Rachel , Hobbs Megan , Quirk Frances , Guppy Michelle 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo explore general practitioners’ (GPs) perceptions of the challenges and facilitators to managing refugee healthcare needs in regional Australia.SettingA regional community in Australia involved in the resettlement of refugees.ParticipantsNine GPs from five practices in the region.DesignA qualitative study based on semistructured interviews conducted between September and November 2020.ResultsThe main challenges identified surrounded language and communication difficulties, cultural differences and health literacy and regional workforce shortages. The main facilitators were clinical and community supports, including refugee health nurses and trauma counselling services. Personal benefits experienced by GPs such as positive relationships, satisfaction and broadening scope of practice further facilitated ongoing healthcare provision.ConclusionsOverall, GPs were generally positive about providing care to refugees. However, significant challenges were expressed, particularly surrounding language, culture and resources. These barriers were compounded by the regional location. This highlights the need for preplanning and consultation with healthcare providers in the community both prior to and during the settlement of refugees as well as ongoing support proportional to the increase in settlement numbers.
Behavioural economic interventions to embed palliative care in community oncology (BE-EPIC): study protocol for the BE-EPIC randomised controlled trial
Authors: Parikh Ravi B , Sedhom Ramy , Ferrell William J , Villarin Katherine , Berwanger Kara , Scarborough Bethann , Oyer Randall , Kumar Pallavi , Ganta Niharika , Sivendran Shanthi , Chen Jinbo , Volpp Kevin G , Bekelman Justin E 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionPalliative care (PC) is a medical specialty focusing on providing relief from the symptoms and stress of serious illnesses such as cancer. Early outpatient specialty PC concurrent with cancer-directed treatment improves quality of life and symptom burden, decreases aggressive end-of-life care and is an evidence-based practice endorsed by national guidelines. However, nearly half of patients with advanced cancer do not receive specialty PC prior to dying. The objective of this study is to test the impact of an oncologist-directed default PC referral orders on rates of PC utilisation and patient quality of life.Methods and analysisThis single-centre two-arm pragmatic randomised trial randomises four clinician-led pods, caring for approximately 250 patients who meet guideline-based criteria for PC referral, in a 1:1 fashion into a control or intervention arm. Intervention oncologists receive a nudge consisting of an electronic health record message indicating a patient has a default pended order for PC. Intervention oncologists are given an opportunity to opt out of referral to PC. Oncologists in pods randomised to the control arm will receive no intervention beyond usual practice. The primary outcome is completed PC visits within 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes are change in quality of life and absolute quality of life scores between the two arms.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Pennsylvania. Study results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences using methods that describe the results in ways that key stakeholders can best understand and implement.Trial registration numberNCT05365997.
Three double-dose reinforced hepatitis B revaccination scheme for patients with cirrhosis unresponsive to the standard regimen: an open-label randomised clinical trial
Authors: Giráldez-Gallego Álvaro , Rodríguez-Seguel Elisa del Pilar , Valencia-Martín Raquel , Morillo-García Áurea , Salamanca-Rivera Celia , Ruiz-Pérez Ricardo , Cuaresma-Duque María , Rosso-Fernández Clara , Ferrer-Ríos María Teresa , Sousa-Martín José Manuel , Praena-Fernández Juan Manuel , Desongles-Corrales Trinidad , Rodríguez-Pérez Aitana , Camino-Durán Francisco , Gasch-Illescas Antonia , Ampuero-Herrojo Javier , Pascasio-Acevedo Juan Manuel 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveWe aimed to compare the response rates between two different hepatitis B virus vaccination schedules for cirrhotic subjects who were non-responders to the first three 40 µg doses (month 0-1-2), and identify factors associated with the final response.DesignA total of 120 cirrhotic patients (72.5% decompensated) were randomised at a 1:1 ratio to receive a single 40 µg booster vaccination at month 6 (classical arm) versus an additional round of three new 40 µg doses administered at monthly intervals (experimental arm). The main outcome was the rate of postvaccinal anti-hepatitis B surface antibodies levels ≥10 mIU/mL.ResultsEfficacy by ITT analysis was higher in the experimental arm (46.7%) than in the classical one (25%); OR 2.63, p=0.013. The experimental arm increased response rates compared with the classical one from 31% to 68% (OR 4.72; p=0.007), from 24.4% to 50% (OR 3.09; p=0.012) and from 24.4% to 53.8% (OR 3.62; p=0.007), in Child A, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) <15 and MELD-Na<15 patients, respectively. Patients with more advanced liver disease did not benefit from the reinforced scheme. Both regimens showed similar safety profiles. Multivariable analysis showed that the experimental treatment was independently response associated when adjusted across three logistic regression models indicating equivalent cirrhosis severity.ConclusionFor cirrhotic patients, the revaccination of non-responders to the first three dose cycle, with three additional 40 µg doses, achieved significantly better response rates to those obtained with an isolated 40 µg booster dose.Trial registration numberNCT01884415.
The time is now: advancing shared risk and protective factor approaches to injury and violence prevention
Authors: Gilmartin Sharon , Mayberry Taylor 
Published: March 2023

Using a shared risk and protective factor (SRPF) approach to prevention acknowledges a shift in the ways we work. The fundamental question at the root of our efforts should no longer be how we address a single, specific public health issue. Instead, we should be asking how we can develop a system that supports well-being holistically. We should be striving to increase the resources to which people have access in a way that proactively prevents multiple public health issues, improves the context in which people live out their lives, and develops a broad spectrum of resilience.The fields of injury and violence prevention (IVP) and public health are at a critical juncture to address the true causes of injuries and violence. It is imminently vital for all stakeholders across IVP to work upstream and align funding, interventions, and evaluations in ways that embrace SRPF approaches. The value of this approach is multifold: it tackles multiple population health outcomes through multisector interventions, it positively impacts social determinants of health; it is sustainable and it maximises financial resources. While theoretical buy-in for the SRPF approach is high, there remain challenges in the field to operationalise such an approach. The time is now for the field to collectively embrace an SRPF approach and rally together to strengthen the evidence base. Researchers, practitioners, funders and national organisations must align their goals in prioritising upstream, primary prevention through addressing SRPF to enhance public health infrastructure and reduce societal inequities.
Pathophysiology, emerging techniques for the assessment and novel treatment of aortic stenosis
Authors: Shah Syed Muneeb , Shah Jay , Lakey Samuel Mark , Garg Pankaj , Ripley David Paul 
Published: March 2023

Our perspectives on aortic stenosis (AS) are changing. Evolving from the traditional thought of a passive degenerative disease, developing a greater understanding of the condition’s mechanistic underpinning has shifted the paradigm to an active disease process. This advancement from the ‘wear and tear’ model is a result of the growing economic and health burden of AS, particularly within industrialised countries, prompting further research. The pathophysiology of calcific AS (CAS) is complex, yet can be characterised similarly to that of atherosclerosis. Progressive remodelling involves lipid-protein complexes, with lipoprotein(a) being of particular interest for diagnostics and potential future treatment options.There is an unmet clinical need for asymptomatic patient management; no pharmacotherapies are proven to slow progression and intervention timing varies. Novel approaches are developing to address this through: (1) screening with circulating biomarkers; (2) development of drugs to slow disease progression and (3) early valve intervention guided by medical imaging. Existing biomarkers (troponin and brain natriuretic peptide) are non-specific, but cost-effective predictors of ventricular dysfunction. In addition, their integration with cardiovascular MRI can provide accurate risk stratification, aiding aortic valve replacement decision making. Currently, invasive intervention is the only treatment for AS. In comparison, the development of lipoprotein(a) lowering therapies could provide an alternative; slowing progression of CAS, preventing left ventricular dysfunction and reducing reliance on surgical intervention.The landscape of AS management is rapidly evolving. This review outlines current understanding of the pathophysiology of AS, its management and future perspectives for the condition’s assessment and treatment.
Associations between power Doppler ultrasound findings and B-mode synovitis and clinical arthritis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis using a standardised scanning approach and scoring system
Authors: Sande Nina Krafft , Lilleby Vibke , Aga Anna-Birgitte , Kirkhus Eva , Flatø Berit , Bøyesen Pernille 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo describe power Doppler (PD) ultrasound findings in joint regions with B-mode (BM) synovitis using a standardised scanning protocol and scoring system in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Further, to examine associations between PD findings and BM synovitis, clinical arthritis, patient characteristics and disease activity.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, one experienced ultrasonographer, blinded to clinical findings, performed ultrasound examinations in 27 JIA patients with suspected clinical arthritis. The elbow, wrist, metacarpophalangeal 2–3, proximal interphalangeal 2–3, knee, ankle and metatarsophalangeal 2–3 joints were assessed bilaterally and scored semiquantitatively (grades 0–3) for BM and PD findings using a joint-specific scoring system with reference atlas. Multilevel mixed-effects ordered regression models were used to explore associations between PD findings and BM synovitis, clinical arthritis, age, sex, JIA subgroups, disease duration and 10-joint Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS10).ResultsTwenty-one girls and six boys, median age (IQR) 8 years (6–12 years) were included. Overall, 971 joint regions were evaluated by ultrasound, 129 had BM synovitis and were assessed for PD. PD findings were detected in 45 joint regions (34.9%), most frequently in the parapatellar recess of the knee (24.4%). Increasing PD grades were associated with higher BM grades (OR=5.0,p<0.001) and with clinical arthritis (OR=7.4,p<0.001) but not with age, sex, JIA subgroups, disease duration or JADAS10.ConclusionIncreasing severity of PD findings were significantly associated with BM synovitis and with clinical arthritis. This suggests that PD signals detected using a standardised ultrasound examination and scoring system can reflect active disease in JIA patients.
Equating Schur functions
Authors: Morozov A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe wonder if there is a way to make all Schur functions in all representations equal. This is impossible for fixed value of time variables, but can be achieved for averages. It appears that the corresponding measure is just Gaussian in times, which are all independent. The generating function for the number of Young diagrams does not straightforwardly appear as a product, but is reproduced in a non-trivial way.
Model selection applied to reconstructions of the Dark Energy
Authors: Escamilla Luis A. , Vazquez J. Alberto 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe main aim of this paper is to perform a model comparison for some reconstructions of the key properties that describe the dark energy of the Universe i.e. energy density and the equation of state (EoS). We carry out this process by using a binning and a linear interpolation methodologies, and on top of that, we incorporate a correlation function mechanism. An extension of the two of them was also introduced, where internal amplitudes are allowed to vary in height as well as in position. The reconstructions were made with data from the Hubble parameter, Supernovae Type Ia and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (H+SN+BAO), all of which span a range from $$z=0.01$$

z
=
0.01

to $$z=2.34$$

z
=
2.34

. First we perform the parameter estimation for each of the reconstructions to then provide a model selection through the Bayesian Evidence. Throughout our process we found a better fit to the data, up to $$4\sigma $$

4
σ

compared to $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM, and the presence of some interesting features, i.e. an oscillatory behaviour at late times, a decrease in the dark energy density component at early times and a transition to the phantom divide-line in the EoS. To discern these features from noisy contributions, we include a principal component analysis and found that some of these characteristics should be taken into account to satisfy current observations.
The NCT-WES directional neutron spectrometer: validation of the response with monoenergetic neutron fields
Authors: Bedogni R. , Calamida A. , Napolitano T. , Cantone C. , Fontanilla A. M. , Campoy A. I. Castro , Abbatini G. , Pietropaolo A. , Monti V. , Mafucci E. M. , Bunce M. , Thomas D. , Gomez-Ros J.-M. , Altieri S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA directional neutron spectrometer named NCT-WES (Neutron Capture Therapy Wide Energy Spectrometer) was developed for quality assurance of the therapeutic neutron beam in Neutron Capture Therapy (NCT). NCT-WES operates as a “parallelized” Bonner spheres spectrometer, embedding six semiconductor-based thermal neutron detectors in a collimated cylindrical moderator. With the objective of validating the simulation model used to derive its response matrix, irradiations in reference monoenergetic fields were performed at National Physical Laboratory (UK). As the energy distributions of neutron beams in NCT extend from keV to a few MeV, monoenergetic fields in this domain were chosen, namely 71.5 keV, 144.2 keV, 565.1 keV, 841.9 keV and 1200.4 keV. The results of the experiment confirm the correctness of the NCT-WES simulation model, within an overall uncertainty lower than ± 2%.
The consummate geoscientist: a celebration of the career of Maarten de Wit
Authors: Hynes Andrew J. , Murphy J. Brendan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This volume assembles a collection of papers on the application of plate-tectonic principles to the understanding of ancient orogens, in honour of Maarten de Wit, who was guided throughout his research career by such applications. There are several recurring themes including: (1) collisional orogenesis associated with supercontinent amalgamation; (2) accretionary orogenesis along supercontinent peripheries; and (3) intracontinental deformation as a consequence of stresses transmitted thousands of kilometres into the orogenic foreland. Very appropriately, given Maarten's huge influence on international cooperation among Earth scientists, 70 authors, from 15 different countries, from every continent except Antarctica, have contributed to the volume.
Non-Essential Amino Acid Availability Influences Proteostasis and Breast Cancer Cell Survival During Proteotoxic Stress
Authors: Sannino Sara , Manuel Allison M. , Shang Chaowei , Wendell Stacy G. , Wipf Peter , Brodsky Jeffrey L. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) regulates tumor growth and proliferation when cells are exposed to proteotoxic stress, such as during treatment with certain chemotherapeutics. Consequently, cancer cells depend to a greater extent on stress signaling, and require the integrated stress response (ISR), amino acid metabolism, and efficient protein folding and degradation pathways to survive. To define how these interconnected pathways are wired when cancer cells are challenged with proteotoxic stress, we investigated how amino acid abundance influences cell survival when Hsp70, a master proteostasis regulator, is inhibited. We previously demonstrated that cancer cells exposed to a specific Hsp70 inhibitor induce the ISR via the action of two sensors, GCN2 and PERK, in stress-resistant and sensitive cells, respectively. In resistant cells, the induction of GCN2 and autophagy supported resistant cell survival, yet the mechanism by which these events were induced remained unclear. We now report that amino acid availability reconfigures the proteostasis network. Amino acid supplementation, and in particular arginine addition, triggered cancer cell death by blocking autophagy. Consistent with the importance of amino acid availability, which when limited activates GCN2, resistant cancer cells succumbed when challenged with a potentiator for another amino acid sensor, mTORC1, in conjunction with Hsp70 inhibition.

Implications:
These data position amino acid abundance, GCN2, mTORC1, and autophagy as integrated therapeutic targets whose coordinated modulation regulates the survival of proteotoxic-resistant breast cancer cells.
Construção de sentido mediada por histórias em quadrinhos na aula de Português Língua de Herança
Authors: Caldeira Brízzida 
Published: March 2023

Neste artigo, discute-se o papel da socialização no uso da linguagem (Duff; Talmy, 2011) para o desenvolvimento linguístico a partir da integração conceptual (Fauconnier; Turner, 2002). Para tanto, analisa-se qualitativamente uma prática realizada com um aluno de português língua de herança em um curso particular francês. A aula contempla a exploração de uma HQ do personagem Papa-Capim (Maurício de Sousa) e propicia a coconstrução oral de uma narrativa (Bruner, 1991) na LH. A linguagem icônica da HQ e o estado de conversa instaurado pela professora fornecem pistas para a ativação dos Modelos Cognitivos Idealizados (Lakoff, 1987) que estruturam o processo de integração conceptual que cria novos sentidos na LH. Os resultados revelam que, além das pistas verbo-visuais, os quadrinhos oportunizam exposição linguística e desenvolvimento de aspectos discursivos, linguísticos e culturais. A prática pedagógica também favoreceu a realização de inferências intratextuais e extratextuais na LH, pautadas nos conhecimentos disponíveis na memória de longo prazo do aluno (Ackerman, 1988; Cain; Oakhill; Bryant, 2000; Oliveira, 2014).
Randomized Trial of Stand-Alone Use of the Antimicrobial Envelope in High-Risk Cardiac Device Patients
Authors: Ellis Christopher R. , Greenspon Arnold J. , Andriulli John A. , Gould Paul A. , Carillo Roger G. , Kolek Matthew J. , Donegan Rachel , Amaral Ansel P. , Mittal Suneet 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection has a high mortality. Previous investigations showed reduced postoperative infections using skin preparation with chlorhexidine, preoperative intravenous antibiotics, and a TYRX-a antibacterial envelope. The additional benefit of antibiotic pocket wash and postoperative antibiotics has not been systematically studied.

Methods:
The ENVELOPE trial (A Randomized trial of Stand-Alone Use of the Antimicrobial Envelope in High-Risk Cardiac Device Patients) was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial enrolling patients undergoing CIED procedures with ≥2 risk factors for infection. The control arm received standard chlorhexidine skin preparation, intravenous antibiotics, and the TYRX-a antibiotic envelope. The study arm received pocket wash (500 mL antibiotic solution) and postoperative antibiotics for 3 days along with the prophylactic control measures. The primary end point was CIED infection and system removal at 6 months.

Results:

One thousand ten subjects (505 per arm) were enrolled and randomized. Patients were seen in person for a wound check with digital photo 2 weeks postimplant and at 3 and 6 months. CIED infection rate was low in both groups (1.0% control arm and 1.2% study arm,
P
=0.74). In the 11 subjects with infection and system removal, the time to study end point was 107±92 days with a PADIT (Prevention of Arrhythmia Device Infection Trial) score of 7.4 and a 64% 1-year mortality. Prior history of CIED infection independently predicted CIED system removal at 6 months in all subjects (odds ratio, 9.77,
P
=0.004). Of 11 infections requiring system removal, 5 were in the setting of pocket hematoma.

Conclusions:
The use of antibiotic pocket irrigation and postoperative oral antibiotics provides no additional benefit to the prophylactic measures of chlorhexidine skin preparation, preoperative intravenous antibiotics, and an antibiotic envelope in reducing CIED infection. Postoperative hematoma is a major risk factor for infection, driven by the use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications. The strongest predictor of CIED removal at 6 months, regardless of intervention, was prior CIED infection.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02809131.
Effect of Large-Scale Circulation Anomalies on Summer Rainfall over the Yangtze River Basin: Tropical versus Extratropical
Authors: Li Xinyu , Lu Riyu , Wang Xidong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the tropical and extratropical circulation anomalies that directly affect the summer rainfall over the Yangtze River basin (YRB). In the lower troposphere, the tropical circulation anomalies that enhance the YRB rainfall manifest as an anticyclonic anomaly over the tropical western North Pacific (WNP) and the extratropical circulation anomalies are characterized by northeasterly anomalies to the north of the YRB. It is found that the heavier the YRB rainfall, the more necessary the cooperation between the tropical WNP anticyclonic anomaly and the midlatitude northeasterly anomalies, and compared to the tropical WNP anticyclonic anomaly, the midlatitude northeasterly anomalies can more efficiently induce the YRB rainfall. Further results indicate that the tropical WNP anticyclonic anomaly exhibits notable quasi-biweekly feature and provides a favorable background for the enhanced YRB rainfall. By contrast, the northeasterly anomalies are dominated by synoptic variability. Furthermore, there are significant precursor signals for the lower-tropospheric northeasterly anomalies. These signals manifest as the eastward propagation of two wave trains in the upper troposphere: a midlatitude one and a high-latitude one, which tend to be independent. The midlatitude one originates around the Mediterranean Sea and propagates eastward along the Asian westerly jet. The high-latitude one propagates over the high-latitude Eurasian continent, from Europe eastward to Lake Baikal and then southeastward to East Asia.