bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbes are potential key players in the evolution of life histories and aging in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Santos Josiane , Matos Margarida , Flatt Thomas , Chelo Ivo M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMicrobes can have profound effects on host fitness and health and the appearance of late‐onset diseases. Host–microbe interactions thus represent a major environmental context for healthy aging of the host and might also mediate trade‐offs between life‐history traits in the evolution of host senescence. Here, we have used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to study how host–microbe interactions may modulate the evolution of life histories and aging. We first characterized the effects of two non‐pathogenic and one pathogenic Escherichia coli strains, together with the pathogenic Serratia marcescens DB11 strain, on population growth rates and survival of C. elegans from five different genetic backgrounds. We then focused on an outbred C. elegans population, to understand if microbe‐specific effects on the reproductive schedule and in traits such as developmental rate and survival were also expressed in the presence of males and standing genetic variation, which could be relevant for the evolution of C. elegans and other nematode species in nature. Our results show that host–microbe interactions have a substantial host‐genotype‐dependent impact on the reproductive aging and survival of the nematode host. Although both pathogenic bacteria reduced host survival in comparison with benign strains, they differed in how they affected other host traits. Host fertility and population growth rate were affected by S. marcescens DB11 only during early adulthood, whereas this occurred at later ages with the pathogenic E. coli IAI1. In both cases, these effects were largely dependent on the host genotypes. Given such microbe‐specific genotypic differences in host life history, we predict that the evolution of reproductive schedules and senescence might be critically contingent on host–microbe interactions in nature.
Analysis of the distribution pattern of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Cenococcum geophilum under climate change using the optimized MaxEnt model
Authors: Zheng Yexu , Yuan Chao , Matsushita Norihisa , Lian Chunlan , Geng Qifang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCenococcum geophilum (C. geophilum) is a widely distributed ectomycorrhizal fungus that plays a crucial role in forest ecosystems worldwide. However, the specific ecological factors influencing its global distribution and how climate change will affect its range are still relatively unknown. In this study, we used the MaxEnt model optimized with the kuenm package to simulate changes in the distribution pattern of C. geophilum from the Last Glacial Maximum to the future based on 164 global distribution records and 17 environmental variables and investigated the key environmental factors influencing its distribution. We employed the optimal parameter combination of RM = 4 and FC = QPH, resulting in a highly accurate predictive model. Our study clearly shows that the mean temperature of the coldest quarter and annual precipitation are the key environmental factors influencing the suitable habitats of C. geophilum. Currently, appropriate habitats of C. geophilum are mainly distributed in eastern Asia, west‐central Europe, the western seaboard and eastern regions of North America, and southeastern Australia, covering a total area of approximately 36,578,300 km2 globally. During the Last Glacial Maximum and the mid‐Holocene, C. geophilum had a much smaller distribution area, being mainly concentrated in the Qinling‐Huaihe Line region of China and eastern Peninsular Malaysia. As global warming continues, the future suitable habitat for C. geophilum is projected to shift northward, leading to an expected expansion of the suitable area from 9.21% to 21.02%. This study provides a theoretical foundation for global conservation efforts and biogeographic understanding of C. geophilum, offering new insights into its distribution patterns and evolutionary trends.
Subgrouping of facilitatory or inhibitory conditioned pain modulation responses in patients with chronic knee pain. Explorative analysis from a multicentre trial
Authors: Larsen J. B. , Madeleine P. , Sørensen L. B. , Sachau J. , Otto J. C. , Baron R. , Arendt‐Nielsen L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundFacilitatory and inhibitory conditioned pain modulation (CPM) responses are observed in healthy volunteers and chronic pain patients, but the clinical implications for phenotyping are unknown. This study aimed to subgroup and compare chronic knee pain patients according to their CPM responses.MethodsThis explorative, cross‐sectional study included 127 patients with chronic knee pain (osteoarthritis or following total knee arthroplasty). Individual CPM responses were categorized as facilitatory (test stimuli pain intensity increased when conditioning stimuli were applied), as inhibitory (test stimuli pain intensity decreased) or as no change (defined as less than 5.3% change in pain intensity). Outcomes were clinical pain intensities, temporal summation, widespread pain, self‐reported physical function, PainDETECT questionnaire and Pain Quality Assessment Scale. Data were analysed as comparisons between the inhibitory and the facilitatory groups and using multivariate linear regression models.ResultsFifty‐four patients had facilitatory CPM responses, 49 had inhibitory CPM responses, and 24 showed no change in CPM response. A between‐group difference was observed for self‐reported physical function, with the facilitatory CPM group reporting better function (54.4 vs. 46.0, p = 0.028) and the facilitatory CPM group reported more deep pain sensations (3.2 vs. 2.0, p = 0.021). The remaining outcomes showed no between‐group differences. Higher clinical pain intensity and facilitated temporal summation were associated in the facilitated CPM group but not in the inhibitory CPM group.ConclusionThese explorative findings indicated that quantitative clinical and experimental differences exist between facilitatory or inhibitory CPM responses in a chronic knee pain patient population. Differences in patients’ CPM responses should be further investigated to unravel possible clinical importance.SignificanceOur findings confirm that conditioned pain modulation consist of inhibitory and facilitatory responders among a patient population with chronic knee pain. This explorative study indicates that patients with either facilitatory or inhibitory conditioned pain modulation could exhibit differences in pain outcomes. Subgrouping of chronic pain patients depending on individual conditioned pain modulation responses could be considered in phenotyping patients prior to inclusion in clinical trials or used for personalizing the management regime.
EEG‐based spatiotemporal dynamics of fast ripple networks and hubs in infantile epileptic spasms
Authors: Samfira Ioana M. A. , Galanopoulou Aristea S. , Nariai Hiroki , Gursky Jonathan M. , Moshé Solomon L. , Bardakjian Berj L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveInfantile epileptic spasms (IS) are epileptic seizures that are associated with increased risk for developmental impairments, adult epilepsies, and mortality. Here, we investigated coherence‐based network dynamics in scalp EEG of infants with IS to identify frequency‐dependent networks associated with spasms. We hypothesized that there is a network of increased fast ripple connectivity during the electrographic onset of clinical spasms, which is distinct from controls.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed peri‐ictal and interictal EEG recordings of 14 IS patients. The data was compared with 9 age‐matched controls. Wavelet phase coherence (WPC) was computed between 0.2 and 400 Hz. Frequency‐ and time‐dependent brain networks were constructed using this coherence as the strength of connection between two EEG channels, based on graph theory principles. Connectivity was evaluated through global efficiency (GE) and channel‐based closeness centrality (CC), over frequency and time.ResultsGE in the fast ripple band (251–400 Hz) was significantly greater following the onset of spasms in all patients (P < 0.05). Fast ripple networks during the first 10s from spasm onset show enhanced anteroposterior gradient in connectivity (posterior > central > anterior, Kruskal‐Wallis P < 0.001), with maximum CC over the centroparietal channels in 10/14 patients. Additionally, this anteroposterior gradient in CC connectivity is observed during spasms but not during the interictal awake or asleep states of infants with IS. In controls, anteroposterior gradient in fast ripple CC was noted during arousals and wakefulness but not during sleep. There was also a simultaneous decrease in GE in the 5–8 Hz range after the onset of spasms (P < 0.05), of unclear biological significance.SignificanceWe identified an anteroposterior gradient in the CC connectivity of fast ripple hubs during spasms. This anteroposterior gradient observed during spasms is similar to the anteroposterior gradient in the CC connectivity observed in wakefulness or arousals in controls, suggesting that this state change is related to arousal networks.
Baby, children, and adult biscuits. Differences in nutritional quality and naturalness
Authors: Klerks Michelle , Román Sergio , Sánchez‐Siles Luisma 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study examined and compared the nutritional quality and degree of naturalness between baby biscuits (<3 years), children biscuits (>3 years), and adult biscuits. Mintel's Global New Products Database was searched for “Baby Biscuits & Rusks” and “Sweet Biscuits/Cookies” (re)launched between July 2019 and July 2022 in four European countries (Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, and the United Kingdom), which resulted in 1280 products to be analyzed. Nutritional quality was measured by means of nutrient values per 100 g, and baby biscuits were assessed for compliance with the World Health Organization's latest Nutrient and Promotion Profile Model (NPPM). Degree of naturalness was measured using the food naturalness index (FNI). Baby biscuits had the best nutritional quality and were the most natural as compared to children and adult biscuits, but their energy density and sugar content require further attention. Nutritional quality was comparably poor in children and adult biscuits, and children biscuits were the least natural of the three groups. The NPPM requirements of not adding any free sugar at all to baby biscuits may drive parents to purchase alternative sweeter biscuits originally formulated and meant for children and adults. Reasonable regulations are needed to support product (re)formulations and to improve the current market food offer for babies and children.
β‐Silylacrylate as a Multipurpose Reagent in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Ghosh Sunil K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAcrylates are well known electrophilic alkenes having multitude of applications in organic synthesis. They are very good acceptors in Michael addition reactions and are good enophile/dienophile/dipolarophile partners in cycloaddition reactions. Replacing the β‐alkyl/aryl groups in acrylates by a silicon group would be interesting. In addition to the conventional reactions displayed by acrylates, β‐silylacrylates (β‐SAs) can show reactivity specifically related to the silicon group. Many conventional organic reactions such as hydrodimerization, organocatalytic asymmetric Michael additions, inter‐ and intra‐molecular Diels–Alder reactions, and asymmetric 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions have been used to generate the complex chemical entities from β‐SAs. Some of the reaction outcomes were vastly influenced by the silicon substituent. This review describes the practical synthesis β‐SAs and their use as starting point in complex molecule generation including total synthesis of some natural products/bioactive molecules.
Knowledge and attitude of students of medical sciences universities regarding health tourism: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Shaygani Fatemeh , Ahmadi Marzaleh Milad , Gheibi Zahra 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsHealth tourism is already one of the most important sources of revenue for many countries all over the world, but it appears that it has not progressed as much in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitudes of students of Iranian medical sciences universities about this subject, which could have a great impact on the future of this industry in Iran.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, the students of medical sciences universities in Iran were selected through convenience sampling; they filled out an online 36‐item self‐administrated questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 25). Descriptive statistics of knowledge and attitude were provided. Also, independent samples t‐test and analysis of variance were used as statistical tests and p value <0.05 was considered as the significant level.ResultsOverall, 390 students with a mean age of 24 ± 1.5 years and a female‐to‐male ratio of 1.9 participated in this study. The respondents answered 38% of the questions correctly in the knowledge section. Age, ethnicity, education level, job experience, experience of a health tourism‐related job, participation in health tourism courses, and geographical region of the province of residence showed a significant association with the participants' knowledge. Also, most participants had an almost positive attitude regarding the potential for development of the industry.ConclusionAccording to the results obtained, the students' knowledge about health tourism was not desirable; however, their attitudes were almost positive. Therefore, educational interventions are highly recommended to be conducted in this regard.
The prevalence of menstrual disorders and their association with psychological stress in Syrian students enrolled at health‐related schools: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kahal Fares , Alshayeb Sarah , Torbey André , Al Helwani Omar , Kadri Saeed , Helwani Ahmad , Al‐Habal Sedra , Moufti Mayssa , Johari Massa , Aldarra Ahmad , Alswaedan Ghufran , Albaghajati Sara , Sarraj Hala , Ataya Sham , Mansour Mazenh , Sakka Kanaan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesMenstrual disorders are among the most prevalent health issues among young female students studying in health science faculties. This study aimed to provide insights into the menstrual patterns among medical faculty students and determine whether stress can be a risk factor for its various disorders.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in the Faculties of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmacy at the Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria, between October and November 2022. A total of 980 female students anonymously completed the identification of menstrual problems and the perceived stress scale (PSS) questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS‐25.ResultsThe mean age of students was 21.52 ± 2.06 years. The most common menstrual disorders in this study were dysmenorrhea (88%), and premenstrual syndrome (87%). A total of 82% had mild to moderate stress, 10% had high stress, and 8% had low stress. Moderate to high perceived stress was associated with an increased risk of PMS (OR = 1.79, P = 0.0037).ConclusionThese findings stress the importance of universities, especially health science faculties, establishing protocols for early detection and intervention in students with stress and menstrual disorders. Implementing stress reduction education and timely counseling, along with preventive measures, is crucial for students' well‐being. Further research is needed to refine interventions for this group.
Exact analysis of two‐branch SC receiver over α$$ \alpha $$‐κ$$ \kappa $$‐μ$$ \mu $$ fading
Authors: Chatterjee Sharmistha , Dixit Dharmendra , Kumar Nagendra , Verma P. K. , Pandey Prashant 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe analyze the exact and generalized performance of two‐receiving antennas‐aided selection combining (SC) receivers over ‐‐ faded propagation medium. Especially, we have derived exact new expressions for the average bit/symbol error rate (ABER/ASER), and average channel capacity (ACC) for the considered system. The cumulative distribution function‐based method and probability density function‐based method are employed to derive ABER/ASER, and ACC expressions, respectively. Further, asymptotic ABER/ASER expressions are presented to examine diversity order which depends only on and . The change of fading parameters , , and are highlighted in the system's performance. Further, the correctness of all derived expressions is confirmed through simulations.
Mechanisms of CH4 activation over oxygen‐preadsorbed transition metals by ReaxFF and AIMD simulations
Authors: Wang Jie , Wang Gui‐Chang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe chemisorbed oxygen usually promotes the CH bond activation over less active metals like IB group metals but has no effect or even an inhibition effect over more active metals like Pd based on the static electronic structure study. However, the understanding in terms of dynamics knowledge is far from complete. In the present work, methane dissociation on the oxygen‐preadsorbed transition metals including Au, Cu, Ni, Pt, and Pd is systemically studied by reactive force field (ReaxFF). The ReaxFF simulation results indicate that CH4 molecules mainly undergo the direct dissociation on Ni, Pt, and Pd surfaces, while undergo the oxygen‐assisted dissociation on Au and Cu surfaces. Additionally, the ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations with the umbrella sampling are employed to study the free‐energy changes of CH4 dissociation, and the results further support the CH4 dissociation pathway during the ReaxFF simulations. The present results based on ReaxFF and AIMD will provide a deeper dynamic understanding of the effects of pre‐adsorbed oxygen species on the CH bond activation compared to that of static DFT.
Decreased Alu methylation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients increases HbA1c levels
Authors: Thongsroy Jirapan , Mutirangura Apiwat 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionAlu hypomethylation is a common epigenetic process that promotes genomic instability with aging phenotypes, which leads to type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM). Previously, our results showed significantly decreased Alu methylation levels in type 2 DM patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the longitudinal changes in Alu methylation levels in these patients.ResultsWe observed significantly decreased Alu methylation levels in type 2 DM patients compared with normal (p = 0.0462). Moreover, our findings demonstrated changes in Alu hypomethylation over a follow‐up period within the same individuals (p < 0.0001). A reduction in Alu methylation was found in patients with increasing HbA1c levels (p = 0.0013) and directly correlated with increased HbA1c levels in type 2 DM patients (r = −0.2273, p = 0.0387).ConclusionsAlu methylation in type 2 DM patients progressively decreases with increasing HbA1c levels. This observation suggests a potential association between Alu hypomethylation and the underlying molecular mechanisms of elevated blood glucose. Furthermore, monitoring Alu methylation levels may serve as a valuable biomarker for assessing the clinical outcomes of type 2 DM.
Mechanisms regulating wound healing: Functional changes in biology mediated by lactate and histone lactylation
Authors: Wu Huiting , Liang Wei , Han Meng , Zhen Yonghuan , Chen Lixia , Li Hua , An Yang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe high incidence, low healing rate and huge economic burden of wounds (especially chronic wounds) worldwide remain a great challenge for clinical staff and patients. The various stages of wound healing are regulated by paracrine or autocrine cytokines and growth factors, and the study of their intrinsic mechanisms is a prerequisite for better wound treatment. Lactate, the end product of glycolysis, plays a role in all stages of wound healing, and recent studies have identified lactate as an epigenetic regulator that regulates gene expression through histone lysine lactylation and stimulates posttranslational modifications to regulate related gene expression, thereby causing a series of biological functional changes. This article reviews the progress of research on lactate and lactylation during wound healing or in related diseases, including its involvement in immune regulation, inflammation control, and proliferative remodeling, and finally describes the prospects for lactate therapy regarding wound healing.
Let's speculate about it: When and why consumers want to discuss mystery products
Authors: Kovacheva Aleksandra , Wiener Hillary J. D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractResearch suggests that mystery products can be appealing to consumers and can motivate interest and purchase. In this paper, we examine a different benefit of these offerings—their effect on driving conversation. We propose that such products can prompt a conversation due to their ability to motivate joint speculation, or the process of thinking about possible resolutions of the uncertainty with others. We define this novel driver of conversation, delineate it from related constructs, and situate it in the literature. We then provide initial evidence for the proposed theory in seven studies (n = 2835), demonstrating that mystery products increase the desire for conversation (Studies 1, 3–4, Supplemental Studies A–C) and generate joint speculation (Studies 2–4, Supplemental Study B–C). We also rule out alternative explanations (such as information acquisition and savouring, Study 3; novelty, Supplemental Study B). These effects, however, are attenuated for closed‐minded consumers (Study 4), who are less open to considering multiple perspectives and thereby less interested in joint speculation. We conclude with directions for future research and implications for marketers.
Genetic counseling processes and strategies for racially and ethnically diverse populations: A systematic review
Authors: Shete Mrunmayee , Kocher Megan , Pratt Rebekah , Lee Heewon , Zierhut Heather 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGenetic counseling outcomes are influenced by the processes and strategies used by counselors, yet little is known about how these strategies directly impact patients and populations. In particular, tailoring genetic counseling consultations to best meet the needs of cultural, racial, and ethnically diverse populations has been explored. This review aims to identify genetic counseling strategies tailored for a diversity of racial and ethnic populations with the goal to find ways to improve genetic counseling outcomes. Medline, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, PsychInfo, and CINAHL databases were searched for original research articles published in English that employed genetic counseling processes and strategies to improve genetic counseling outcomes, specifically for participants from ethnically or racially diverse populations. A review of 5300 titles and abstracts resulted in the identification of 36 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Three themes emerged: (1) community involvement in culturally tailoring genetic counseling, (2) creation and use of culturally tailored resources, and (3) modifications to the genetic counseling process. The effectiveness of genetic counseling strategies could not be evaluated due to lack of consistent outcome measures in the articles. The involvement of diverse ethnic and racial populations in developing inclusive genetic counseling tools and practices will help the profession provide better patient care in the future. More research connecting genetic counseling processes and outcomes will help to assess how well these modified approaches meet the needs of diverse populations.