bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes towards family involvement in nursing care among psychiatric nurses in Hong Kong: A cross‐sectional descriptive study
Authors: Wong Wai Kit , Ho Ying Wai Bryan , To Kam Lung , Bressington Daniel Thomas 
Published: March 2023

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Family‐involved interventions can result in better outcomes than traditional mental health care for both service users and their families.

Nurses' attitudes towards family involvement can affect family participation in care.

Earlier studies on psychiatric nurses' attitudes towards family involvement in care report ambiguous findings. Hong Kong's unique integrated cultures may influence Hong Kong psychiatric nurses' attitudes towards family involvement in nursing care.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

The majority of psychiatric nurses had positive views on family involvement in care in Hong Kong.

Four variables (i.e. gender, clinical experience, nature of working unit and family nursing training) of psychiatric nurses are associated with their attitudes towards family involvement in care in Hong Kong.

What are the implications for practice?

Policy makers should develop strategies to increase psychiatric nurses' awareness of the importance of family involvement in patient care.

Nurse educators help to design family nursing training to enhance psychiatric nurses' competence in collaborating with families of people suffering from mental disorders.

AbstractIntroductionIn Hong Kong, involving the family in nursing care is still optional and mainly depends on nurses' attitudes and the willingness of the family. Hong Kong psychiatric nurses' attitudes towards family involvement in nursing care may be influenced by the unique integrated Eastern and Western cultures, however earlier studies report ambiguous findings.AimsThis study aimed to assess Hong Kong psychiatric registered nurses' attitudes towards family involvement in care and its associated factors.MethodsThis study is a cross‐sectional descriptive online survey with convenience sampling based on the Families' Importance in Nursing Care‐Nurses' Attitudes (FINC‐NA) instrument.ResultsMost of the psychiatric nurses had supportive attitudes towards family involvement in care. Females with more clinical experience, working in a rehabilitation‐related unit and having attended a family nursing education course were associated with positive attitudes towards family involvement in care.DiscussionThe supportive attitude of psychiatric nurses may be explained by the shift of mental health nursing care from hospital care to community care in recent decades.Implications for practiceMental health nurse education and training in Hong Kong could place more emphasis on building family work skills, particularly for newly qualified nurses and those working in acute inpatient settings.
Digital cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia in individuals with self‐reported insomnia and chronic fatigue: A secondary analysis of a large scale randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ramfjord Lina Stålesen , Faaland Patrick , Scott Jan , Saksvik Simen Berg , Lydersen Stian , Vedaa Øystein , Kahn Nikolaj , Langsrud Knut , Stiles Tore C. , Ritterband Lee M. , Harvey Allison G. , Sivertsen Børge , Kallestad Håvard 
Published: March 2023

SummaryInsomnia is associated with fatigue, but it is unclear whether response to cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia is altered in individuals with co‐occurring symptoms of insomnia and chronic fatigue. This is a secondary analysis using data from 1717 participants with self‐reported insomnia in a community‐based randomized controlled trial of digital cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia compared with patient education. We employed baseline ratings of the Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire to identify participants with more or fewer symptoms of self‐reported chronic fatigue (chronic fatigue, n = 592; no chronic fatigue, n = 1125). We used linear mixed models with Insomnia Severity Index, Short Form‐12 mental health, Short Form‐12 physical health, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale separately as outcome variables. The main covariates were main effects and interactions for time (baseline versus 9‐week follow‐up), intervention, and chronic fatigue. Participants with chronic fatigue reported significantly greater improvements following digital cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia compared with patient education on the Insomnia Severity Index (Cohen's d = 1.36, p < 0.001), Short Form‐12 mental health (Cohen's d = 0.19, p = 0.029), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Cohen's d = 0.18, p = 0.010). There were no significant differences in the effectiveness of digital cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia between chronic fatigue and no chronic fatigue participants on any outcome. We conclude that in a large community‐based sample of adults with insomnia, co‐occurring chronic fatigue did not moderate the effectiveness of digital cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia on any of the tested outcomes. This may further establish digital cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia as an adjunctive intervention in individuals with physical and mental disorders.
Pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in chicken joints based on a novel microdialysis sampling method
Authors: Zhang Nan , Yan Xiu , Liu Jinxin , Zhou Shuzhen , Zhou Minghu , Song Shuti , Yao Zhaofeng , Jia Yixin , Yuan Sheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMicrodialysis is a continuous direct sampling technique used in live animals to study pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of drugs directly in target organs. The antibiotic tilmicosin used to treat arthritis in chickens caused by Mycoplasma synoviae. However, the PK study of tilmicosin in chicken joint has not been reported. The aim of this study was to explore the PK characteristics and penetration of tilmicosin by microdialysis incorporated with High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS). An articular cavity microdialysis sampling model was established by determining in vivo and in vitro recovery results. Tilmicosin was orally administered to chickens and flow rate testing combined with retro‐dialysis were used to determine tilmicosin concentration in the target synovial space. HPLC‐MS/MS quantification of tilmicosin from plasma and joint dialysate indicated that recovery was negatively correlated with flow rate and the optimal perfusion rate was determined to be 1.0 μL/min. The AUC, Cmax, MRT and t1/2 in plasma were 4.6, 3.0, 2.2 and 1.6 times higher than in the joint dialysate, respectively, but Tmax did not significantly differ. The penetration of tilmicosin from plasma to joint (AUCdialysate/AUCplasma) was 0.24 and indicated tilmicosin concentration in joints was much lower than that of plasma. Microdialysis technology provides a novel technique to study pharmacokinetics directly in target tissues and our study provides a reference for the clinical use of tilmicosin for treatment of M. synoviae infections in articular cavities.
Sea lion and fur seal interactions with fisheries and aquaculture in South American waters: threats and management perspectives
Authors: Sepúlveda Maritza , Szteren Diana , Alfaro‐Shigueto Joanna , Crespo Enrique A. , Durán Luis René , Guerrero Alicia I. , Mangel Jeffrey C. , Oliva Doris , Oliveira Larissa R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The main issue affecting the conservation of most pinniped species has been identified as interactions with fisheries and aquaculture. In South American waters in particular, this problem has not been well evaluated. Consequently, there is an urgent need for research and conservation measures to address the problem, particularly for species of conservation concern.

In this study, we reviewed published and unpublished research and observations from the last 25 years on operational and biological interactions between pinnipeds and fisheries and salmonid aquaculture activities in South American waters, and the conservation and management implications of these interactions in the near future.

Two species of pinnipeds are primarily involved in biological and operational interactions with fisheries and aquaculture in South America: the South American sea lion Otaria flavescens and the South American fur seal Arctocephalus australis. Although phocids are present in South American waters, there is no published research on conflicts between phocids and human activities.

Interactions between fisheries and pinnipeds have been reported by many countries. In South American waters, interactions mostly involve male and subadult male South American sea lions. However, despite the high frequency of interactions, the estimated economic losses to fisheries and aquaculture related to sea lion depredation are generally low.

Incidental capture and mortality of pinnipeds has been reported, especially in artisanal gillnet fisheries and in industrial purse seine and trawl fisheries. Mortality of sea lions in salmonid aquaculture has been reported, but the magnitude of the problem is unknown.

In South America, limited progress has been made to incorporate mitigation measures, such as time‐area closures, acoustic deterrent devices, and modifications to fishing gear, into fisheries and aquaculture. This is likely to be due to our limited understanding of ecosystem complexity, the costs of modifying fishing gear or incorporating acoustic deterrent devices, and the scarcity of fishing controls. We suggest that strategies for effectively reducing conflicts between pinnipeds, fisheries, and aquaculture should involve all stakeholders in participative research to facilitate co‐management.
History matters: Thermal environment before but not during wasp attack determines the efficiency of symbiont‐mediated protection
Authors: Jones Jordan E. , Hurst Gregory D. D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe outcome of natural enemy attack in insects is commonly impacted by the presence of defensive microbial symbionts residing within the host. The thermal environment is a factor known to affect symbiont‐mediated traits in insects. Lower temperatures, for instance, have been shown to reduce Spiroplasma‐mediated protection in Drosophila. Our understanding of protective symbiosis requires a deeper understanding of environment–symbiont–protection links. Here, we dissect the effect of the thermal environment on Spiroplasma‐mediated protection against Leptopilina boulardi in Drosophila melanogaster by examining the effect of temperature before, during and after wasp attack on fly survival and wasp success. We observed that the developmental temperature of the mothers of attacked larvae, but not the temperature of the attacked larvae themselves during or after wasp attack, strongly determines the protective influence of Spiroplasma. Cooler maternal environments were associated with weaker Spiroplasma protection of their progeny. The effect of developmental temperature on Spiroplasma‐mediated protection is probably mediated by a reduction in Spiroplasma titre. These results indicate that historical thermal environment is a stronger determinant of protection than current environment. Furthermore, protection is a character with transgenerational nongenetic variation probably to produce complex short‐term responses to selection. In addition, the cool sensitivity of the Spiroplasma–Drosophila symbioses contrasts with the more common failure of symbioses at elevated temperatures, indicating a need to understand the mechanistic basis of low temperature sensitivity on this symbiosis.
PEACOCKE PRIZE ESSAY—TOWARDS AN EASTERN ORTHODOX CONTEMPLATION OF EVOLUTION: MAXIMUS THE CONFESSOR'S VISION OF THE PHYLOGENETIC LOGOI
Authors: Jackson Andrew 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn recent years, several scholars have hinted at a resemblance between Maximus the Confessor'slogoicosmology and evolutionary biology. In this article, I develop these suggestions further and claim that thelogoi(divine ideas or wills) do indeed behave in an evolutionary fashion, diverging hierarchically and interactively from theLogos. However, there the similarity ends, for thelogoiare also purposeful, inviolable, and good, unlike evolution which is said to be random, ever‐changing, and cruel. But rather than abandon thelogoi–evolution congruity, I argue that, by harnessing theological resources from across the Eastern tradition, one can integrate Maximus’logoivision more fully, resulting in an “incarnationally panentheistic” model of God's action and presence in evolution. More speculatively, within canonical Darwinism, the underlying (good) evolutionary motion of thelogoimight be discernible in variation and adaptation, with the “evil” of competition and natural selection being “garments of skin” conceded by God as part of a simultaneous creation and cosmic fall.
Decoding firings of a large population of human motor units from high‐density surface electromyogram in response to transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Škarabot Jakob , Ammann Claudia , Balshaw Thomas G. , Divjak Matjaž , Urh Filip , Murks Nina , Foffani Guglielmo , Holobar Aleš 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe describe a novel application of methodology for high‐density surface electromyography (HDsEMG) decomposition to identify motor unit (MU) firings in response to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The method is based on the MU filter estimation from HDsEMG decomposition with convolution kernel compensation during voluntary isometric contractions and its application to contractions elicited by TMS. First, we simulated synthetic HDsEMG signals during voluntary contractions followed by simulated motor evoked potentials (MEPs) recruiting an increasing proportion of the motor pool. The estimation of MU filters from voluntary contractions and their application to elicited contractions resulted in high (>90%) precision and sensitivity of MU firings during MEPs. Subsequently, we conducted three experiments in humans. From HDsEMG recordings in first dorsal interosseous and tibialis anterior muscles, we demonstrated an increase in the number of identified MUs during MEPs evoked with increasing stimulation intensity, low variability in the MU firing latency and a proportion of MEP energy accounted for by decomposition similar to voluntary contractions. A negative relationship between the MU recruitment threshold and the number of identified MU firings was exhibited during the MEP recruitment curve, suggesting orderly MU recruitment. During isometric dorsiflexion we also showed a negative association between voluntary MU firing rate and the number of firings of the identified MUs during MEPs, suggesting a decrease in the probability of MU firing during MEPs with increased background MU firing rate. We demonstrate accurate identification of a large population of MU firings in a broad recruitment range in response to TMS via non‐invasive HDsEMG recordings.
imageKey points
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the scalp produces multiple descending volleys, exciting motor pools in a diffuse manner.
The characteristics of a motor pool response to TMS have been previously investigated with intramuscular electromyography (EMG), but this is limited in its capacity to detect many motor units (MUs) that constitute a motor evoked potential (MEP) in response to TMS.
By simulating synthetic signals with known MU firing patterns, and recording high‐density EMG signals from two human muscles, we show the feasibility of identifying firings of many MUs that comprise a MEP.
We demonstrate the identification of firings of a large population of MUs in the broad recruitment range, up to maximal MEP amplitude, with fewer required stimuli compared to intramuscular EMG recordings.
The methodology demonstrates an emerging possibility to study responses to TMS on a level of individual MUs in a non‐invasive manner.
Instructor Social Support in the Group Physical Activity Context: Older Participants’ Perspectives
Authors: Morrison Lindsay , McDonough Meghan H. , Zimmer Chantelle , Din Cari , Hewson Jennifer , Toohey Ann , Crocker Peter R.E. , Bennett Erica V. 
Published: March 2023

Instructors in organized physical activity classes can be a source of social support through their relationships with participants, influence on participants’ interactions with each other, and design of activities. Grounded in interpretive description, the objective of this study was to examine older adults’ experiences of and their perspectives on group physical activity instructors’ supportive behaviors. Observations of 16 group physical activity classes (N = 295) and focus groups or interviews with N = 38 class participants aged ≥ 55 (n = 29 women) were conducted at four municipal recreation facilities in a Canadian city. Five themes shed light on how instructors provided social support: (a) supporting autonomous engagement, (b) developing caring connections, (c) fostering trust through expert instruction, (d) managing conflict directly and effectively, and (e) creating a climate where people want to go. Instructor training should consider older adults’ social support needs and help instructors embody behaviors that support continued physical activity participation, thereby contributing to healthy aging.
Encouraging Students to Co-Construct and Co- and Self-Regulate Their Learning Within a Cooperative Learning Environment in Physical Education
Authors: Moura André , MacPhail Ann , Graça Amândio , Batista Paula 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Improving students’ learning is dependent on students’ participation, meaningfulness, and value of the teaching–learning process. This study explores students’ learning experiences when undertaking the role of co-constructors and co- and self-regulators in a cooperative learning environment. Methods: The study included 110 school students aged between 15 and 18 years from four physical education preservice teachers’ classes. Data were collected through student focus group interviews, a postteaching units’ survey, students’ class reflections, and the researcher’s field notes. Results/Discussion: Data report that (a) having access to learning goals and assessment criteria was essential for the co-construction and co- and self-regulation processes, (b) there is a positive reciprocal relationship between students’ involvement in co-construction and co- and self-regulations, and (c) co-construction and co- and self-regulations were strengthened by students’ involvement in cooperative learning and vice versa.
Optimal duration of antibiotic treatment for community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a systematic review and duration-effect meta-analysis
Authors: Furukawa Yuki , Luo Yan , Funada Satoshi , Onishi Akira , Ostinelli Edoardo , Hamza Tasnim , Furukawa Toshi A , Kataoka Yuki 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo find the optimal treatment duration with antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults.DesignSystematic review and duration-effect meta-analysis.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL through 25 August 2021.Eligibility criteriaAll randomised controlled trials comparing the same antibiotics used at the same daily dosage but for different durations for CAP in adults. Both outpatients and inpatients were included but not those admitted to intensive care units. We imposed no date, language or publication status restriction.Data extraction and synthesisData extraction by two independent reviewers. We conducted a random-effects, one-stage duration-effect meta-analysis with restricted cubic splines. We tested the non-inferiority with the prespecified non-inferiority margin of 10% examined against 10 days . The primary outcome was clinical improvement on day 15 (range 7–45 days). Secondary outcomes: all-cause mortality, serious adverse events and clinical improvement on day 30 (15–60 days).ResultsWe included nine trials (2399 patients with a mean (SD) age of 61.2 (22.1); 39% women). The duration-effect curve was monotonic with longer duration leading to a lower probability of improvement, and shorter treatment duration (3–9 days) was likely to be non-inferior to 10-day treatment. Harmful outcome curves indicated no association. The weighted average percentage of the primary outcome in the 10-day treatment arms was 68%. Using that average, the absolute clinical improvement rates of the following durations were: 3-day treatment 75% (95% CI: 68% to 81%), 5-day treatment 72% (95% CI: 66% to 78%) and 7-day treatment 69% (95% CI: 61% to 76%).ConclusionsShorter treatment duration (3–5 days) probably offers the optimal balance between efficacy and treatment burden for treating CAP in adults if they achieved clinical stability. However, the small number of included studies and the overall moderate-to-high risk of bias may compromise the certainty of the results. Further research on the shorter duration range is required.PROSPERO registration numberCRD 42021273357.
Optimising psychological treatment for pain after breast cancer: a factorial design study protocol in Denmark
Authors: Buskbjerg Cecilie , O'Toole Mia Skytte , Zachariae Robert , Jensen Anders Bonde , Frederiksen Yoon , Johansen Christoffer , von Heymann Annika , Speckens Anne , Johannsen Maja 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionOne in five breast cancer (BC) survivors are affected by persistent pain years after completing primary treatment. While the efficacy of psychological interventions for BC-related pain has been documented in several meta-analyses, reported effect sizes are generally modest, pointing to a need for optimisation. Guided by the Multiphase Optimization Strategy, the present study aims to optimise psychological treatment for BC-related pain by identifying active treatment components in a full factorial design.Methods and analysisThe study uses a 2×3 factorial design, randomising 192 women with BC-related pain (18–75 years) to eight experimental conditions. The eight conditions consist of three contemporary cognitive–behavioural therapy components, namely: (1) mindful attention, (2) decentring, and (3) values and committed action. Each component is delivered in two sessions, and each participant will receive either zero, two, four or six sessions. Participants receiving two or three treatment components will be randomised to receive them in varying order. Assessments will be conducted at baseline (T1), session by session, every day for 6 days following the first session in each treatment component, at post-intervention (T2) and at 12-week follow-up (T3). Primary outcomes are pain intensity (Numerical Rating Scale) and pain interference (Brief Pain Inventory interference subscale) from T1 to T2. Secondary outcomes are pain burden, pain quality, pain frequency, pain catastrophising, psychological distress, well-being and fear of cancer recurrence. Possible mediators include mindful attention, decentring, and pain acceptance and activity engagement. Possible moderators are treatment expectancy, treatment adherence, satisfaction with treatment and therapeutic alliance.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the present study was received from the Central Denmark Region Committee on Health Research Ethics (no: 1-10-72-309-40). Findings will be made available to the study funders, care providers, patient organisations and other researchers at international conferences, and published in international, peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT05444101).