bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dorsal root ganglion stimulation for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain: A systematic review
Authors: Ghorayeb Joe H. , Chitneni Ahish , Rupp Adam , Parkash Anishinder , Abd‐Elsayed Alaa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a difficult condition to treat. Due to complex pelvic innervation, dorsal column spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has not been shown to produce the same effect as dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRGS) given emerging evidence suggesting that applying DRGS may result in favorable outcomes for individuals with CPP. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the clinical use and effectiveness of DRGS for patients with CPP.Materials and MethodsA systematic review of clinical studies demonstrating the use of DRGS for CPP. Searches were conducted using four electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science) across August and September 2022.ResultsA total of nine studies comprising 65 total patients with variable pelvic pain etiologies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of subjects implanted with DRGS reported >50% mean pain reduction at variable times of follow‐up. Secondary outcomes reported throughout studies including quality of life (QOL) and pain medication consumption were reported to be significantly improved.ConclusionsDorsal root ganglion stimulation for CPP continues to lack supportive evidence from well‐designed, high‐quality studies and recommendations from consensus committee experts. However, we present consistent evidence from level IV studies showing success with the use of DRGS for CPP in reducing pain symptoms along with reports of improved QOL through periods as short as 2 months to as long as 3 years. Because the available studies at this time are of low quality with a high risk of bias, we strongly recommend the facilitation of high‐quality studies with larger sample sizes in order to better ascertain the utility of DRGS for this specific patient population. At the same time, from a clinical perspective, it may be reasonable and appropriate to evaluate patients for DRGS candidacy on a case‐by‐case basis, especially those patients who report CPP symptoms that are refractory to noninterventional measures and who may not be ideal candidates for other forms of neuromodulation.
Alethic desires, framing effects, and deflationism: Reply to Asay
Authors: Wyatt Jeremy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractJamin Asay has recently argued that deflationists about the concept of truth cannot satisfactorily account for our alethic desires, i.e., those of our desires that pertain to the truth of our beliefs. In this brief reply, I show how deflationists can draw on well‐established psychological findings on framing effects to explain how the concept of truth behaves within the scope of our alethic desires.
Ketogenic diet acutely improves gas exchange and sleep apnoea in obesity hypoventilation syndrome: A non‐randomized crossover study
Authors: Osman Adam , Gu Chenjuan , Kim David E. , Duan Daisy , Barron Bobbie , Pham Luu V. , Polotsky Vsevolod Y. , Jun Jonathan C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveObesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) causes hypercapnia which is often refractory to current therapies. We examine whether hypercapnia in OHS can be improved by a ketogenic dietary intervention.MethodsWe conducted a single‐arm crossover clinical trial to examine the impact of a ketogenic diet on CO2 levels in patients with OHS. Patients were instructed to adhere to 1 week of regular diet, 2 weeks of ketogenic diet, followed by 1 week of regular diet in an ambulatory setting. Adherence was assessed with capillary ketone levels and continuous glucose monitors. At weekly visits, we measured blood gases, calorimetry, body composition, metabolic profiles, and sleep studies. Outcomes were assessed with linear mixed models.ResultsA total of 20 subjects completed the study. Blood ketones increased from 0.14 ± 0.08 during regular diet to 1.99 ± 1.11 mmol/L (p < 0.001) after 2 weeks of ketogenic diet. Ketogenic diet decreased venous CO2 by 3.0 mm Hg (p = 0.008), bicarbonate by 1.8 mmol/L (p = 0.001), and weight by 3.4 kg (p < 0.001). Sleep apnoea severity and nocturnal oxygen levels significantly improved. Ketogenic diet lowered respiratory quotient, fat mass, body water, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, leptin, and insulin‐like growth factor 1. Rebound hypercapnia was observed after resuming regular diet. CO2 lowering was dependent on baseline hypercapnia, and associated with circulating ketone levels and respiratory quotient. The ketogenic diet was well tolerated.ConclusionThis study demonstrates for the first time that a ketogenic diet may be useful for control of hypercapnia and sleep apnoea in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome.
Context‐dependent shifts in self‐regulatory personality processes during COVID‐19: Changes in control predict dynamic shifts in goal reengagement capacity
Authors: Hamm Jeremy M. , Barlow Meaghan A. , Garcia Odalis G. , Duggan Katherine A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ability to reengage with new attainable goals after major setbacks is a core self‐regulatory trait linked to health and well‐being. Yet little is known about the extent to which such goal reengagement capacities may shift over time in response to changing contextual circumstances. Using a nationally‐representative sample of U.S. adults aged 18–80 (n = 293), the present 1‐year study examined whether changes in opportunity to influence life circumstances (perceived control) were coupled with dynamic shifts in goal reengagement capacity for individuals who differed in their levels of control at pandemic onset. Results from multilevel models showed that within‐person increases in perceived control during the pandemic predicted corresponding within‐person increases in goal reengagement capacity. Moderation models showed that the positive within‐person association between perceived control and goal reengagement was pronounced for individuals with lower levels of control at pandemic onset who may be particularly sensitive to periods of opportunity to pursue new attainable goals. Findings inform theories of personality and self‐regulation in pointing to contextual circumstances under which goal reengagement capacity exhibits dynamic shifts in populations who differ in their perceived opportunities for control.
New insights on the evolution of nucleolar dominance in newly resynthesized hexaploid wheat Triticum zhukovskyi
Authors: Huang Yuhong , Liu Yang , Guo Xianrui , Fan Chaolan , Yi Congyang , Shi Qinghua , Su Handong , Liu Chang , Yuan Jing , Liu Dengcai , Yang Wuyun , Han Fangpu 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYNucleolar dominance (ND) is a widespread epigenetic phenomenon in hybridizations where nucleolus transcription fails at the nucleolus organizer region (NOR). However, the dynamics of NORs during the formation of Triticum zhukovskyi (GGAuAuAmAm), another evolutionary branch of allohexaploid wheat, remains poorly understood. Here, we elucidated genetic and epigenetic changes occurring at the NOR loci within the Am, G, and D subgenomes during allopolyploidization by synthesizing hexaploid wheat GGAuAuAmAm and GGAuAuDD. In T. zhukovskyi, Au genome NORs from T. timopheevii (GGAuAu) were lost, while the second incoming NORs from T. monococcum (Am Am) were retained. Analysis of the synthesized T. zhukovskyi revealed that rRNA genes from the Am genome were silenced in F1 hybrids (GAuAm) and remained inactive after genome doubling and subsequent self‐pollinations. We observed increased DNA methylation accompanying the inactivation of NORs in the Am genome and found that silencing of NORs in the S1 generation could be reversed by a cytidine methylase inhibitor. Our findings provide insights into the ND process during the evolutionary period of T. zhukovskyi and highlight that inactive rDNA units may serve as a ‘first reserve’ in the form of R‐loops, contributing to the successful evolution of T. zhukovskyi.
Resignificar el Derecho a La Educación Y Resignificar lo Humano
Authors: Portilla Faicán Gladys 
Published: May 2023

En este ensayo teórico se aborda la cuestión del sentido que tiene el derecho a la educación en las declaratorias de organismos oficiales y la necesidad de resignificar su sentido estratégico fundamental para el real ejercicio de los demás derechos. El objeto de estudió es el sentido del derecho a la educación en relación con el cumplimiento los demás derechos humanos. El objetivo de este trabajo es poner en cuestión el rol del derecho a la educación para resignificarlo como el derecho que conduce al ejercicio de los demás derechos humanos. En lo metodológico, se recurrió a la revisión de fuentes bibliográficas, principalmente, de Naciones Unidas y organismos relaciones y otras posturas que contribuyen al análisis crítico de la noción y el rol del derecho a la educación de cara a la Agenda 2030 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible centrando el foco de atención en el Objetivo 4, Educación de calidad. Entre los principales resultados están la correlación entre el derecho a la educación y los demás derechos humanos y la necesidad de resignificar el derecho a la educación como uno objetivo estratégico de cara a la Agenda 2030. Se arribó a las siguientes conclusiones, a) el derecho humano a la educación debe ser resignificado como un derecho superlativo en cuanto vía al logro de los demás derechos humanos en un mundo cada vez más deshumanizado y b) para ir de las declaratorias a la cotidianidad de la vida humana, los compromisos deben ser vinculantes para los Estados.
PALABRAS CLAVE: compromisos vinculantes, educación de calidad como derecho superlativo, resignificar el derecho a la educación.
Construcción de Ciudadanía Y Derechos Humanos
Authors: Alfaro Griselda 
Published: May 2023

El presente trabajo pretende dar cuenta de la importancia de las prácticas de derechos humanos realizadas desde la Defensoría del Pueblo en conjunto con la Universidad Nacional de Tucumán en espacios de educación virtual no formal con el Curso Construcción de Ciudadanía, dirigidos a toda la comunidad, a partir de la habilitación de la palabra, para la promoción, difusión y promoción de los derechos, así como, el reconocimiento de las obligaciones y la adquisición de herramientas de convivencia social en un Estado de Democracia.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Derechos Humanos; Derecho a la Educación; Defensoría del Pueblo- Ciudadanía.
Diagnostic accuracy of small-for-gestational-age status for infant mortality and school-age outcomes of live births <28 weeks’ gestation: a cohort study
Authors: Doyle Lex W , Chen Julie , Boland Rosemarie Anne , Kane Stefan Charles , Mainzer Rheanna , Roberts Gehan , Josev Elisha K , Clark Marissa , Anderson Peter J , Cheong Jeanie Ling Yoong 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesTo determine the diagnostic accuracy of small-for-gestational-age (SGA; <10th centile) status for infant mortality and adverse school-age outcomes in infants born extremely preterm (EP; <28 weeks’ gestation).DesignGeographical cohort studies.SettingThe state of Victoria, Australia.PatientsFor mortality, live births 22–27 weeks’ gestation from 2009 to 2017 offered active care after birth. For school-age outcomes, survivors to 8 years’ corrected age born in 1991–1992, 1997 or 2005.ExposuresSGA <10th centile on four commonly used growth references: three derived from neonatal data (Fenton, UK-WHO and Intergrowth Newborn Size) and one from fetal data (Intergrowth Estimated Fetal Weight).Main outcome measures(a) Infant mortality; (b) major neurodevelopmental disability, and poor performance on tests of IQ, academic achievement, motor function, and executive function.ResultsInfant mortality data were available for 2040 infants, and neurodevelopmental data for 499 children. Diagnostic accuracy of SGA status was low overall and varied with the growth reference. Positive predictive values for infant mortality ranged from 18% to 21%, only marginally higher than its 18% prevalence. Compared with a prevalence of 17%, positive predictive values for major neurodevelopmental disability ranged from 30% to 38% for the neonatal growth references but was only 20% for Intergrowth Estimated Fetal Weight. SGA status was also associated with lower IQ, poor academic achievement and poor motor performance.ConclusionsAmong infants born EP, the diagnostic accuracy of SGA status was low for both infant mortality and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at school age, but importantly varied with the growth reference used to identify SGA status.
Genotypes and phenotypes ofDNM1encephalopathy
Authors: Kim Jeehyun , Teng Lip-Yuen , Shaker Bilal , Na Dokyun , Koh Hyun Yong , Kwon Soon Sung , Lee Joon Soo , Kim Heung Dong , Kang Hoon-Chul , Kim Se Hee 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundVariants in the dynamin-1 (DNM1) gene typically cause synaptopathy, leading to developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). We aimed to determine the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum ofDNM1encephalopathy beyond DEE.MethodsElectroclinical phenotyping and genotyping of patients with aDNM1variant were conducted for patients undergoing next-generation sequencing at our centre, followed by a systematic review.ResultsSix patients with heterozygousDNM1variants were identified in our cohort. Three had a typical DEE phenotype characterised by epileptic spasms, tonic seizures and severe-to-profound intellectual disability with pathogenic variants located in the GTPase or middle domain. The other three patients had atypical phenotypes of milder cognitive impairment and focal epilepsy. Genotypically, two patients with atypical phenotypes had variants located in the GTPase domain, while the third patient had a novel variant (p.M648R) in the linker region between pleckstrin homology and GTPase effector domains. The third patient with an atypical phenotype showed normal development until he developed febrile status epilepticus. Our systematic review on 55 reported cases revealed that those with GTPase or middle domain variants had more severe intellectual disability (p<0.001) and lower functional levels of ambulation (p=0.001) or speech and language (p<0.001) than the rest.ConclusionDNM1-related phenotypes encompass a wide spectrum of epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disorders, with specific variants underlying different phenotypes.
Meissner effect and holographic dual for the Melvin–Kerr–Newman–Taub–NUT spacetimes
Authors: Ghezelbash Masoud , Siahaan Haryanto M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe investigate correspondence between the Melvin–Kerr–Newman–Taub–NUT spacetime, and the conformal field theory. The near horizon geometry of extremal Melvin–Kerr–Newman–Taub–NUT spacetime possesses the $$SL\left( 2,{{\mathbb {R}}}\right) \times U\left( 1\right) $$

S
L

2
,
R

×
U

1

isometry, which allows one to employ the asymptotic symmetry group method, in establishing the holographic correspondence for the spacetime. We also use the alternative way of the stretched horizon method, to compute the extremal entropy of the black hole. We find perfect agreement between the results of asymptotic symmetry group and the stretched horizon methods, to establish the holography for the extremal Melvin–Kerr–Newman–Taub–NUT black hole. The black hole Meissner effect for the Melvin–Kerr–Taub–NUT black hole is also discussed.
Modulatory effect of trans-spinal magnetic intermittent theta burst stimulation on diaphragmatic activity following cervical spinal cord contusion in the rat
Authors: Lee Kun-Ze 
Published: May 2023

Transcranial magnetic intermittent theta burst stimulation can enhance the excitability of the cortical region. However, it is unclear whether this approach can modulate spinal neuroplasticity. The present study was designed to investigate hether trans-spinal magnetic intermittent theta burst stimulation can modulate respiratory motor outputs in the rodent model of cervical spinal cord injury. The effect of trans-spinal magnetic intermittent theta burst stimulation on diaphragmatic activity was assessed in adult rats with unilateral cervical spinal cord contusion at 2 weeks post-injury. The result demonstrated that unilateral cervical spinal cord contusion significantly attenuated the inspiratory activity and motor evoked potential of the diaphragm. Trans-spinal magnetic intermittent theta burst stimulation significantly enhanced the inspiratory activity of the diaphragm in cervical spinal cord contused rats. Moreover, inspiratory bursting could be recruited by trans-spinal magnetic intermittent theta burst stimulation in the contused rats without diaphragmatic activity. Notably, the whole body metabolism was also increased by trans-spinal magnetic intermittent theta burst stimulation. These results suggested that trans-spinal magnetic intermittent theta burst stimulation can be considered as a rehabilitative strategy for improving the respiratory activity after cervical spinal cord injury. National science and technology council (111-2636-B-110-001) This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
The Role of Superior Cervical Ganglion in the Chronic Sensitization of Carotid Bodies Post-Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Kamra Kajal , Karpuk Nikolay , Zucker Irving , Schultz Harold , Wang Hanjun 
Published: May 2023

Background/hypothesis of the study: Acute lung injury (ALI) increases respiratory rate (RR), induces hypoxemia. This stimulates carotid body (CB) chemoreflex to maintain oxygen homeostasis. Our previous study indicates a sensitized chemoreflex during the recovery of ALI. Chronic chemoreflex hyperactivity negatively affects the overall quality of life. The neural mechanisms underlying the sensitized CB chemoreflex during the recovery from ALI remain a gap in knowledge. Electrical stimulation of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) sensitizes the CB chemoreflex in rats. We hypothesized that the SCG causes the CB chemoreflex sensitization post-ALI. Methods and Results: We performed a bilateral SCG ganglionectomy (SCGx) or sham-SCGx (Sx) in our male SD rats 2 weeks before inducing ALI (W-2). After 2 weeks of recovery, ALI was induced using a single intra-tracheal instillation of bleomycin (day 1) and measured the resting respiratory variables- RR, TV (Tidal Volume), and MV (Minute Ventilation). The chemoreflex response to 10% hypoxia and 5% normoxic hypercapnia were measured on W(-3) (pre-SCGx), W0 (post-SCGx/pre-ALI) and W4 (post-ALI) using whole-body plethysmography (WBP). Ganglionectomy did not alter the resting lung parameters and the chemoreflex response to either gas challenge in normal, healthy rats. An increase in resting RR at W1 post-ALI was not significantly different between Sx and SCGx rats. At W4 post-ALI, there were no significant differences in resting lung parameters between Sx and SCGx rats. Consistent with our previous study, the CB chemoreflex response to hypoxia and normoxic hypercapnia in Sx rats at W4 post-ALI was sensitized (p<0.01). However, the chemoreflex sensitivity significantly lowered in SCGx rats in response to hypoxia (p=0.01) and normoxic-hypercapnia (p=0.002). Conclusion(s): The CB chemoreflex sensitization during the recovery from the ALI may be mediated by the SCG. Further understanding of the underlying mechanism will provide important information to develop therapeutic approaches to pulmonary disease to improve clinical outcomes. This study was supported by: NIH Grant- RO1 HL-152160 and RO1 HL-126796; Lieberman Grant 2021- Dept. of Anesthesiology, UNMC; American Heart Association- Pre-doctoral fellowship, AHA. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
A multimodal neural network that distinguishes between type 1 and type 2 diabetes in young persons using MRI and clinical data
Authors: Sadria Mehrshad , Bjornstad Petter , Pottumarthi Prasad , Lu-Ping Li , Pyle Laura , Vigers Timothy , Layton Anita 
Published: May 2023

Early diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is common in young persons with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and accentuates their lifetime risk of kidney failure, requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant. Although clinical manifestations of DKD are similar in T1D and T2D, the structural lesions may differ, and it remains unclear whether DKD in T1D and T2D represent distinct diseases. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to build machine learning (ML) models using clinical and kidney MRI data to classify diabetes status, as well as structural and functional kidney differences of individuals with T1D versus T2D. We hypothesize that a highly accurate multimodal neural network can be constructed that integrates clinical and functional kidney MRI images.Data were obtained from several studies at University of Colorado in youth with T1D (n=102), T2D (n=91) as well as non-diabetic controls (n=60). A total of 253 participants were included in the analyses. First, we applied to clinical data (CASPER, IMPROVE-T2D, CROCODILE, and RENAL-HEIR trials) logistic regression and 7 ML models: extreme gradient boosting machine (XGBoost), XGBoost with grid search, k-nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), decision tree, random forest, and a 3-layer neural network (NN-EHR). When a small subset of the clinical data was used as features, the NN-EHR yielded the highest accuracy of 84%. Next, we considered the MRI images (27,000 images from the 253 individuals). We applied three convoluted NN to perform the classification: AlexNet, VGG16, and a 4-layer Neural Network for Diabetes Detection (NN4DD). Considering the images alone, VGG16 and NN4DD both achieved an accuracy of > 80%. Additionally, by integrating the clinical data and the MRI images, the fusion neural network achieved an accuracy of almost 100%. Finally, an interpretability analysis of NN4DD indicated notable differences in kidney structure and function among the three groups.Although the cost of MRI is prohibitive and thus impractical for diabetes diagnosis, these results provide a proof-of-concept that fused neural networks that integrate multimodal data can be a valuable diagnostic tool, and provide structural and functional insight on kidney differences between T1D and T2D. This research is sponsored in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council (Canada) and the National Institutes of Health (USA). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.