bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Työelämä ja yhteiskunta pandemian hetkellä
Authors: Järvensivu Anu 
Published: June 2023

Kirja painottaa vahvasti työelämän tutkimusta: aihepiirille on varattu kaksi kolmannesta teoksen sivuista. Artikkelikokoelman muista teemoista, harrastuksista, elämäntavoista, perheistä ja opiskelijoista, olisi kiinnostavaa lukea enemmänkin, mutta ratkaisu mahdollistaa laajan kattauksen pandemian työelämävaikutuksista. Temaattisen kokoelman 13 artikkelista suurin osa on usean kirjoittajan yhdessä laatimia. Kirja kattaakin monenlaisia viitekehyksiä, näkökulmia, teoriataustoja ja menetelmiä, joiden valossa analysoidaan pandemian seurauksia.
Nuclear shapes are geometrically determined by the excess surface area of the nuclear lamina
Authors: Dickinson Richard B. , Lele Tanmay P. 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Nuclei have characteristic shapes dependent on cell type, which are critical for proper cell function, and nuclei lose their distinct shapes in multiple diseases including cancer, laminopathies, and progeria. Nuclear shapes result from deformations of the sub-nuclear components—nuclear lamina and chromatin. How these structures respond to cytoskeletal forces to form the nuclear shape remains unresolved. Although the mechanisms regulating nuclear shape in human tissues are not fully understood, it is known that different nuclear shapes arise from cumulative nuclear deformations post-mitosis, ranging from the rounded morphologies that develop immediately after mitosis to the various nuclear shapes that roughly correspond to cell shape (e.g., elongated nuclei in elongated cells, flat nuclei in flat cells).Methods: We formulated a mathematical model to predict nuclear shapes of cells in various contexts under the geometric constraints of fixed cell volume, nuclear volume and lamina surface area. Nuclear shapes were predicted and compared to experiments for cells in various geometries, including isolated on a flat surface, on patterned rectangles and lines, within a monolayer, isolated in a well, or when the nucleus is impinging against a slender obstacle.Results and Discussion: The close agreement between predicted and experimental shapes demonstrates a simple geometric principle of nuclear shaping: the excess surface area of the nuclear lamina (relative to that of a sphere of the same volume) permits a wide range of highly deformed nuclear shapes under the constraints of constant surface area and constant volume. When the lamina is smooth (tensed), the nuclear shape can be predicted entirely from these geometric constraints alone for a given cell shape. This principle explains why flattened nuclear shapes in fully spread cells are insensitive to the magnitude of the cytoskeletal forces. Also, the surface tension in the nuclear lamina and nuclear pressure can be estimated from the predicted cell and nuclear shapes when the cell cortical tension is known, and the predictions are consistent with measured forces. These results show that excess surface area of the nuclear lamina is the key determinant of nuclear shapes. When the lamina is smooth (tensed), the nuclear shape can be determined purely by the geometric constraints of constant (but excess) nuclear surface area, nuclear volume, and cell volume, for a given cell adhesion footprint, independent of the magnitude of the cytoskeletal forces involved.
The use of high frequency microwaves in absolute palaeomagnetic intensity experiments
Authors: Lloyd Simon , Biggin Andy , Hill Mimi , De Groot Lennart , Suttie Neil , Morris Joseph , Boehnel Harald , Shaw John 
Published: June 2023

The Microwave Palaeointensity System at the University of Liverpool has developed, over 30 years, into the current third generation version; a combined 14 GHz microwave resonant cavity and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer integrated microwave system. The use of microwave energy minimises the bulk temperatures required to demagnetise and remagnetise palaeomagnetic material, thereby limiting the significant problem of thermo-chemical alteration of magnetic minerals. Here we review the microwave palaeointensity approach, including its development, technical details, modern usage and results. We have carried out a comprehensive analysis of 20 palaeointensity studies, published between 2008 and 2022, where data collected using the microwave system may be compared with various other methods at the site level. An assessment of microwave results revealed no statistical bias compared to thermal, and known field data. We also present results from a new controlled experiment which tests the ability of the microwave to accurately recover weak, ancient palaeointensities when strongly overprinted. We conclude that the microwave system can be used for the primary method of determining accurate absolute palaeointensities or as part of a multi-method approach, and is well suited to a wide range of material from archaeomagnetic samples to ancient rocks.
Effects of CO2 injection factors on preventing spontaneous coal combustion in coal mine gobs: a simulation approach
Authors: Fan Jiafeng 
Published: June 2023

The spontaneous combustion of residual coal in the gob seriously threatens the safety of coal mining. Injecting CO2 into the gob not only prevents the residual coal from spontaneous combustion but also realizes CO2 storage in the mined areas. Injection flux and burial depth of the port are crucial for CO2-preventing fire in coal mine gobs. In this study, the distribution of the oxidation zone in the Tanyaoping coal mine was field-measured, and the coal oxidation kinetic model was built by the adiabatic test. Then, a 3-D mathematical model was constructed based on the conditions of the 5011 working face by COMSOL Multiphysics. Furthermore, the coupled effects of the two factors on the distribution of the oxidation zone were investigated. Increases in both injection flux and burial depth result in a decrease in the oxidation zone volume. The reasonable ranges of the injection flux and burial depth are 540–720 m3 h-1 and 30–40 m, respectively. These results provide some guidelines on how to prevent the spontaneous combustion of residual coal in mine gobs.
Maternal glucose intolerance during pregnancy affects offspring POMC expression and results in adult metabolic alterations in a sex-dependent manner
Authors: Martins Marina Galleazzo , Silver Zachary , Ayoub Kiara , Hyland Lindsay , Woodside Barbara , Kiss Ana Carolina Inhasz , Abizaid Alfonso 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionGestational diabetes (GDM) is associated with negative outcomes in mothers and their offspring, including greater risks of macrosomia at birth and the development of metabolic disorders. While these outcomes are well-established, the mechanisms by which this increased metabolic vulnerability is conferred on the offspring are comparatively lacking. One proposed mechanism is that maternal glycemic dysregulation alters the development of the hypothalamic regions related to metabolism and energy balance.MethodsTo investigate this possibility, in this study, we first examined the effects of STZ-induced maternal glucose intolerance on the offspring on pregnancy day (PD) 19, and, in a second experiment, in early adulthood (postnatal day (PND) 60). Whether effects would be influenced by sex, or exposure of offspring to a high-fat diet was also investigated. The impact of maternal STZ treatment on POMC neuron number in the ARC of offspring at both time points was also examined.ResultsAs expected, STZ administration on PD 7 decreased maternal glucose tolerance, and increased risk for macrosomia, and loss of pups at birth. Offspring of STZ-treated mothers were also more vulnerable to developing metabolic impairments in adulthood. These were accompanied by sex-specific effects of maternal STZ treatment in the offspring, including fewer POMC neurons in the ARC of female but not male infants in late pregnancy and a higher number of POMC neurons in the ARC of both male and female adult offspring of STZ-treated dams, which was exacerbated in females exposed to a high-fat diet after weaning.DiscussionThis work suggests that maternal hyperglycemia induced by STZ treatment, in combination with early-life exposure to an obesogenic diet, leads to adult metabolic alterations that correlate with the increased hypothalamic expression of POMC, showing that maternal glycemic dysregulation can impact the development of hypothalamic circuits regulating energy state with a stronger impact on female offspring.
Higher visceral adiposity index was associated with an elevated prevalence of gallstones and an earlier age at first gallstone surgery in US adults: the results are based on a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Gaopeng , Ding Zhe , Yang Junping , Wang Tianqi , Tong Li , Cheng Jian , Zhang Chao 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveWe sought to evaluate the association between visceral adiposity index (VAI) and the incidence of gallstones and the age at first gallstone surgery in adults in the United States.MethodsWe selected individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2017 to 2020 and evaluated the association between VAI and gallstone incidence and age at first gallstone surgery using logistic regression analysis, subgroup analysis, and dose–response curves.ResultsA total of 7,409 participants aged &gt;20 years were included in our study; 767 had a self-reported history of gallstones. After adjustment for all confounding factors, for each unit of VAI after Ln conversion, gallstone prevalence increased by 31% (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.48), while the first gallstone surgery was 1.97 years earlier (β = −1.97, 95% CI: −3.35, −0.42). The dose–response curves showed a positive correlation between VAI and gallstone prevalence. There was a negative correlation between increased VAI and age at first gallstone surgery.ConclusionA higher VAI is positively associated with the prevalence of gallstones and may lead to an earlier age at first gallstone surgery. This is worthy of attention, although causality cannot be established.
Metabolic alteration of circulating steroid hormones in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and the related risk factors
Authors: Yang Na , Zhang Wei , Ji Cheng , Ge Jiajia , Zhang Xiaoli , Li Meijuan , Wang Min , Zhang Tianqi , He Jun , Zhu Huaijun 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundAbnormally changed steroid hormones during pregnancy are closely related to the pathological process of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Our aim was to systematically profile the metabolic alteration of circulating steroid hormones in GDM women and screen for risk factors.MethodsThis study was a case-control study with data measured from 40 GDM women and 70 healthy pregnant women during their 24-28 gestational weeks. 36 kinds of steroid hormones, including 3 kinds of corticosteroids, 2 kinds of progestins, 5 kinds of androgens and 26 kinds of downstream estrogens in serum were systematically measured using a combined sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method. The flux of different metabolic pathways of steroid hormones was analyzed. Logistic regression and ROC curve model analyses were performed to identify potential steroid markers closely associated with GDM development.ResultsSerum corticosteroids, progestins and almost all the estrogen metabolites via 16-pathway from parent estrogens were higher in GDM women compared with healthy controls. Most of the estrogen metabolites via 4-pathway and more than half of the metabolites via 2-pathway were not significantly different. 16α-hydroxyestrone (16OHE1), estrone-glucuronide/sulfate (E1-G/S) and the ratio of total 2-pathway estrogens to total estrogens were screened as three indicators closely related to the risk of GDM development. The adjusted odds ratios of GDM for the highest quartile compared with the lowest were 72.22 (95% CI 11.27-462.71, Ptrend&lt;0.001) for 16OHE1 and 6.28 (95% CI 1.74-22.71, Ptrend&lt;0.05) for E1-G/S. The ratio of 2-pathway estrogens to total estrogens was negatively associated with the risk of GDM.ConclusionThe whole metabolic flux from cholesterol to downstream steroid hormones increased in GDM condition. The most significant changes were observed in the 16-pathway metabolism of estrogens, rather than the 2- or 4-pathway or other types of steroid hormones. 16OHE1 may be a strong marker associated with the risk for GDM.
Performance evaluation of a multi-stage solar distiller associated with Fresnel lens in Malaysian weather
Authors: Yeang Jonathan Yong Kai , Bahar Rubina , Koo Chai Hoon , Lee Sze Shin 
Published: June 2023

Water scarcity is widely known as one of the major current issues. As of now, many solar distillers are using the same concept of evaporation and condensation of saline water to produce distillates. The main problem with such solar distillers is their low productivity, as the latent heat produced is lost to the surroundings. A multi-stage solar distiller can solve the issue of productivity by utilizing the latent heat released. This design consists of multiple solar distillers stacked one on top of the another, producing distillates in each stage while having the same amount of energy intake. Malaysia falls within the tropical belt where solar radiation appears to be diffused, resulting in low-quality heat energy that can be absorbed. To solve this problem, concentrated solar power (CSP) technology has been introduced. However, CSP technology can be very expensive, thus using a Fresnel lens as a direct refraction device will be a cheaper option. In this study, a four-stage solar distiller system integrated with the Fresnel lens is introduced. It was found that the productivity and efficiency of the multi-stage system were higher, with a productivity of 0.164 g/kJ and efficiency of 39.5% when compared with the single-stage solar distiller with a productivity of 0.104 g/kJ and an efficiency of 23.5%.
Long-term effects of soft rock amendment on changes of soil aggregate cementing agents of sandy soil by SEM-EDS
Authors: Sun Zenghui , Liu Zhe , Han Jichang , Wang Huanyuan , Zhang Haiou , Yan Jiakun 
Published: June 2023

Soil aggregates are a crucial constituent of soil and have a significant function in regulating water, nutrients, air, and heat within the soil. The development of soil aggregates is influenced by various factors, including the soil’s parent material and human activities. Understanding the formation and the mechanism of stabilization of soil aggregates is of great significance in the study of soil development, in regulating and managing organic carbon pools in soils, and in promoting soil fertility. In this study, aeolian sandy soil with a low degree of soil development and compound soil formed by combining soft rock and aeolian sandy soil were selected as the research objects. We selected three time points from 0 to 9 years after amendment by soft rock in order to investigate the changes of soil aggregate cementing agents. The shape of soil aggregates in both types of soils was analyzed by environmental scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), which were also used to assess the appearance of soil aggregates and quantify the composition of mineral elements on a cross section of the aggregate. The results show that when the soft rock and the aeolian sandy soil are compounded and mixed, the clay minerals in the soft rock change the microstructure of the original aeolian sandy soil from a single granular barrier to one characterized by a cumulative porous structure, indicating that clay minerals promote soil development and form aggregates with good structural properties. The cementing agents in the compounded soil aggregates are mainly clay minerals, aluminum, iron, and calcium. In comparison to aeolian sandy soils, the presence of iron and calcium in compounded soils is notably elevated. The iron oxides present in compounded soils serve a similar function to “bolts” in the formation of soil aggregates. These findings establish a theoretical foundation for investigating the process of soil aggregate formation and the mechanisms by which cementing agents contribute to their stabilization.
PANoptosis-based molecular subtyping and HPAN-index predicts therapeutic response and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Song Fei , Wang Cheng-Gui , Mao Jia-Zhen , Wang Tian-Lun , Liang Xiao-Liang , Hu Chen-Wei , Zhang Yu , Han Lu , Chen Zhong 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly prevalent and fatal cancer. The role of PANoptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, in HCC is yet to be fully understood. This study focuses on identifying and analyzing PANoptosis-associated differentially expressed genes in HCC (HPAN_DEGs), aiming to enhance our understanding of HCC pathogenesis and potential treatment strategies.MethodsWe analyzed HCC differentially expressed genes from TCGA and IGCG databases and mapped them to the PANoptosis gene set, identifying 69 HPAN_DEGs. These genes underwent enrichment analyses, and consensus clustering analysis was used to determine three distinct HCC subgroups based on their expression profiles. The immune characteristics and mutation landscape of these subgroups were evaluated, and drug sensitivity was predicted using the HPAN-index and relevant databases.ResultsThe HPAN_DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways associated with the cell cycle, DNA damage, Drug metabolism, Cytokines, and Immune receptors. We identified three HCC subtypes (Cluster_1, SFN+PDK4-; Cluster_2, SFN-PDK4+; Cluster_3, SFN/PDK4 intermediate expression) based on the expression profiles of the 69 HPAN_DEGs. These subtypes exhibited distinct clinical outcomes, immune characteristics, and mutation landscapes. The HPAN-index, generated by machine learning using the expression levels of 69 HPAN_DEGs, was identified as an independent prognostic factor for HCC. Moreover, the high HPAN-index group exhibited a high response to immunotherapy, while the low HPAN-index group showed sensitivity to small molecule targeted drugs. Notably, we observed that the YWHAB gene plays a significant role in Sorafenib resistance.ConclusionThis study identified 69 HPAN_DEGs crucial to tumor growth, immune infiltration, and drug resistance in HCC. Additionally, we discovered three distinct HCC subtypes and constructed an HPAN-index to predict immunotherapeutic response and drug sensitivity. Our findings underscore the role of YWHAB in Sorafenib resistance, presenting valuable insights for personalized therapeutic strategy development in HCC.
Effects of the implementation of T90 extension and 52 mm square mesh codend on the bottom trawl hake fishery of the north western Mediterranean
Authors: Ferragut-Perello Francesca , Vasapollo Claudio , Valls Maria , Farriols Maria Teresa , Massutí Enric , Guijarro Beatriz , Joher Sergi , Bibiloni-Socias Marina , Ordines Francesc 
Published: June 2023

The Spanish bottom trawl fleet operating in the Mediterranean currently uses 40 mm square mesh codends. Its selectivity is still too low to overcome the overall problem of high proportions of immature specimens in the catches. Even for some target species such as the European hake (Merluccius merluccius), there are high proportions of individuals smaller than the minimum conservation reference size (MCRS). The aim of the present work is to assess the selectivity of three different configurations of the traditional net (TRA) used in the bottom trawl hake fishery off the northwest Iberian Peninsula, each including the following modifications: i) an extension piece made of 90° turned diamond mesh (T90), ii) a 52 mm square meshed codend (52S), and iii) both modifications combined (EXP). The experimental fishing survey applied two methodologies: alternate hauls to compare the different net configurations; and the covered codend method to calculate the selectivity parameters of 52 mm square meshed codend for the main commercial species. Catch comparisons showed no discard reduction using the T90 extension piece for any of the species analysed, nor any selectivity improvement. Conversely, the 52 mm square meshed codend showed a clear discard reduction for M. merluccius and a generalized improvement of selectivity for most commercial species. This improvement raised the 50% retention length (L50) for M. merluccius to 22.2 cm, well above its MCRS (20 cm), allowing to escape 90% of the undersized individuals. However, the implementation of the 52 mm square meshed codend would involve important economic losses for main target species, like M. merluccius and Mullus barbatus, representing up to 32 and 28% of the incomes, respectively. Considering all analysed species, economic losses using the 52 mm square meshed codend would represent 27% of the incomes obtained using the current 40 mm square meshed codend in force. Despite it, transition analyses showed that the yield per recruit of the main target species would recover after two years, and even increase up to 30% and 17% for M. merluccius and M. barbatus, respectively, after the fourth year of the implementation of the 52 mm square meshed codend.
Exploring the application of Corynebacterium glutamicum single cell protein in the diet of flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus): effects on growth performance, digestive enzymes activity and gut microbiota
Authors: Bertini Andrea , Natale Silvia , Gisbert Enric , Andrée Karl B. , Concu Danilo , Dondi Francesco , De Cesare Alessandra , Indio Valentina , Gatta Pier Paolo , Bonaldo Alessio , Parma Luca 
Published: June 2023

The capacity of utilising a single cell protein (SCP) ingredient coming from Corynebacterium glutamicum was assessed on adult grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) reared in captive conditions. The experiment was carried out using triplicate groups of grey mullet of 68 g average initial body weight. Three diets, SCP0, SCP10 and SCP20 with increasing inclusion of SCP (0%, 10% and 20%) in substitution of soybean, poultry and fish meal were formulated to contain 30% protein, 10% fat and 18.5 Mj/kg feed of digestible energy. After 113 days, fish fed SCP diets presented significantly lower growth performance and a significant lower activity of the alkaline proteases and aminopeptidases compared to fish fed diet without SCP inclusion. Gut microbiota appeared modulated by SCP inclusion being dominated at the phylum level by Fusobacteria in fish fed SCP0 (51.1%), while in fish fed SCP10 (67.3%) and SCP20 (53.2%) Proteobacteria was dominant. Data evinces a deficiency in the protein utilisation as a cause of the poor growth performance in fish fed the SCP diets. A hypothesis has been proposed that an incomplete SCP cell-wall lysis accounts for this outcome because of the particular organisation of the digestive system of grey mullet (which lack of an acidic stomach digestion) and the failing in the development of a functional gizzard (no access to sand in captive conditions). Even though the outcomes of this research were quite unexpected, they will improve our knowledge on the digestive system of flathead grey mullet and provide some theoretical basis for an improved development of low FM and SBM aquafeed for the species.