bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concave and convex growth do not differ over tethered vertebral segments, even with open tri-radiate cartilage
Authors: Farivar Daniel , Parent Stefan , Miyanji Firoz , Heffernan Michael J. , El-Hawary Ron , Larson A. Noelle , Andras Lindsay M. ,   Pediatric Spine Study Group, Skaggs David L. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the following hypotheses related to vertebral body tethering (VBT): 1. VBT is associated with asymmetric (concave > convex) increases in height over the instrumented vertebra. 2. The instrumented Cobb angle improves following VBT surgery with growth.

Methods
This is a retrospective case series of pediatric patients from a multicenter scoliosis registry treated with VBT between 2013 to 2021. Inclusion criteria: patients with standing radiographs at < 4 months and ≥ 2 years after surgery. Distances between the superior endplate of the UIV and the inferior endplate of the LIV were measured at the concave corner, mid-point, and convex corner of the endplates. The UIV-LIV angle was recorded. Subgroup analyses included comparing different Risser scores and tri-radiate cartilage (TRC) closed versus open using student t-tests.

Results
83 patients met inclusion criteria (92% female; age at time of surgery 12.5 ± 1.4 years) with mean follow-up time of 3.8 ± 1.4 years. Risser scores at surgery were: 0 (n = 33), 1 (n = 12), 2 (n = 10), 3 (n = 11), 4 (n = 12), and 5 (n = 5). Of the 33 Risser 0 patients, 17 had an open TRC, 16 had a closed TRC. The UIV-LIV distance at concave, middle, and convex points significantly increased from immediate post-op to final-follow-up for Risser 0 patients, but not for Risser 1–5 patients. Increases in UIV-LIV distance were not significantly different between concave, middle, and convex points for all groups. There was no significant improvement or worsening in UIV-LIV angle for any group.

Conclusion
At a mean of 3.8 years following VBT, 33 Risser 0 patients demonstrated significant growth in the instrumented segment, though there was no difference between concave or convex growth, even for patients with open TRC.
The role of GPR39 zinc receptor in the modulation of glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission
Authors: Starowicz Gabriela , Siodłak Dominika , Nowak Gabriel , Mlyniec Katarzyna 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite our poor understanding of the pathophysiology of depression, a growing body of evidence indicates the role of both glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling behind the effects of rapid-acting antidepressants (RAADs). GPR39 is a zinc-sensing receptor whose activation leads to a prolonged antidepressant-like response in mice. Both GPR39 and zinc can modulate glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission, however, exact molecular mechanisms are still elusive. In this study, we aimed to research the role of glutamatergic and GABAergic system activation in TC-G 1008 antidepressant-like effects and the disruptions in this effect caused by a low-zinc diet.

Methods
In the first part of our study, we investigated the role of joint administration of the GPR39 agonist (TC-G 1008) and ligands of the glutamatergic or GABAergic systems, in antidepressant-like response. To evaluate animal behaviour we used the forced swim test in mice. In the second part of the study, we assessed the effectiveness of TC-G 1008-induced antidepressant-like response in conditions of decreased dietary zinc intake and its molecular underpinning by conducting a Western Blot analysis of selected proteins involved in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission.

Results
The TC-G 1008-induced effect was blocked by the administration of NMDA or picrotoxin. The joint administration of TC-G 1008 along with muscimol or SCH50911 showed a trend toward decreased immobility time. Zinc-deficient diet resulted in dysregulation of GluN1, PSD95, and KCC2 protein expression.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate the important role of glutamate/GABA signaling in the antidepressant-like effect of TC-G 1008 and imply that GPR39 regulates the balance between excitatory and inhibitory activity in the brain. Thus, we suggest the zinc-sensing receptor be considered an interesting new target for the development of novel antidepressants.
Enhanced Two-Step Virtual Catchment Area (E2SVCA) model to measure telehealth accessibility
Authors: Shao Yaxiong , Luo Wei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe use of telehealth has increased significantly over the last decade and has become even more popular and essential during the COVID-19 pandemic due to social distancing requirements. Telehealth has many advantages including potentially improving access to healthcare in rural areas and achieving healthcare equality. However, there is still limited research in the literature on how to accurately evaluate telehealth accessibility. Here we present the Enhanced Two-Step Virtual Catchment Area (E2SVCA) model, which replaces the binary broadband strength joint function of the previous Two-Step Virtual Catchment Area (2SVCA) with a step-wise function that more accurately reflects the requirements of telehealth video conferencing. We also examined different metrics for representing broadband speed at the Census Block level and compared the results of 2SVCA and E2VCA. Our study suggests that using the minimum available Internet speed in a Census Block can reveal the worst-case scenario of telehealth care accessibility. On the other hand, using the maximum of the most frequent available speeds reveals optimal accessibility, while the minimum of the most frequent reflects a more common case. All three indicators showed that the 2SVCA model generally overestimates accessibility results. The E2SVCA model addresses this limitation of the 2SVCA model, more accurately reflects reality, and more appropriately reveals low accessibility regions. This new method can help policymakers in making better decisions about healthcare resource allocations aiming to improve healthcare equality and patient outcomes.
Improving the fluorescent properties of polyacrylic acid by adding a mixture of (silver nanoparticles/rhodamine B)
Authors: Madani Wesal M , Seoudi Roshdi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe chemical reduction method was used to prepare silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The fluorescence spectrum was enhanced by mixing silver nanoparticles with rhodamine B (RhB) and polyacrylic acid (PAA). The surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) of AgNPs was studied using UV–vis spectroscopy to determine the effect of preparation times. TEM measurements confirmed the formation of AgNPs with an average size of 13–19 nm. The Fourier transform infrared bands at 1683 cm−1 and 1243 cm−1 of PAA have been changed into PAA blended with AgNPs/RhB, due to the interaction between AgNPs and PAA through C = O and C-O functional groups. PAA/(AgNPs/RhB) has high- and low-intensity bands in the UV–visible spectrum. X-ray diffraction analysis was performed on PAA blended with RhB/AgNPs to study the crystallization process. Fluorescence measurements of PAA/(RhB/AgNPs) band emit at 587 nm and 440 nm, with 13–19 nm, respectively. Its emission wavelength is higher than the exciting wavelength, indicating an electronic transition from (SPR) of the nanoparticles and π-π* from RhB to PAA. As a result, adding (AgNPs/RhB) to PAA enhances its fluorescence emission spectrum.
The Effect of Ultrasound-Guided Treatment of Symptomatic Partial Rotator Cuff Injury Under the Background of Deep Learning
Authors: Xia Ping , Zhu Feng Qin , Fang Yan , Zhang Shu Han , Zhang Zhi Feng , Li Xiaoming , Chen Tao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDeep learning is one of the most powerful machine learning algorithms at present. The convolutional neural network model has the ability to automatically learn features, and has a greater performance advantage than other deep learning models in the field of image processing. Based on deep learning, the effects of platelet-rich plasma injection of betamethasone on shoulder pain and function in patients with partial rotator cuff injury were investigated. Eighty patients with tendinosis or a partial tear (<1.0 cm) were recruited between 2021 and 2022. Mixed injection of 1 mL betamethasone and 5 mL lidocaine, following 5 mL PRP injected in 7-day intervals, were infiltrated directly into the lesion of supraspinatus interstitial RCT under ultrasound control. The patients were assessed by the SPADI, CMS and ASES before and 1, 3, 6, 9 months after injection. MRI was also performed before and 6 months after injection. All patients had significant better ASES, SST, CMS score and improvement of motion and pain relief after PRP injection, compared with the baseline before injection (p < 0.05). In the MRI data, statistical pre- and post-comparisons revealed significant differences between location of partial rupture and grade of tendinopathy. There were no mortality and major complications observed during follow-up. Under the background of deep learning, ultrasound-guided injection of PRP with betamethasone can progressively relieve shoulder joint pain and improve motor function in patients with partial rotator cuff injury. Ultrasound-guided injection of PRP with betamethasone is safe and useful for rotator cuff disease.
Continuity Corrected Wilson Interval for the Difference of Two Independent Proportions
Authors: Shan Guogen , Lou XiangYang , Wu Samuel S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractConfidence interval for the difference of two proportions has been studied for decades. Many methods were developed to improve the approximation of the limiting distribution of test statistics, such as the profile likelihood method, the score method, and the Wilson method. For the Wilson interval developed by Beal (Biometrics 43:941, 1987), the approximation of the Z test statistic to the standard normal distribution may be further improved by utilizing the continuity correction, in the observation of anti-conservative intervals from the Wilson interval. We theoretically prove that the Wilson interval is nested in the continuity corrected Wilson interval under mild conditions. We compare the continuity corrected Wilson interval with the commonly used methods with regards to coverage probability, interval width, and mean squared error of coverage probability. The proposed interval has good performance in many configurations. An example from a Phase II cancer trial is used to illustrate the application of these methods.
Appendiceal Carcinoid Tumor in a 16-Year-Old Patient
Authors: Al Hamoud Rehab Mohammed , Mohamed Saleh Magdy , Al-Najem Waseem A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCarcinoid tumor is the most common neoplasm of the appendix. There is no specific preoperative clinical presentation for appendiceal carcinoids. The usual presentation is as a classic acute appendicitis, but it can also be asymptomatic. Rarely are there symptoms of carcinoid syndrome, which may include diarrhea, flushing, bronchoconstriction, and cardiac valve diseases, especially if there is liver metastasis. Carcinoid tumors are commonly diagnosed retrospectively after histological examination of the resected appendix. Appendiceal carcinoids usually behave as benign tumors, and appendectomy alone is a sufficient treatment in the majority of cases, while for larger lesions, a right hemicolectomy should be performed. The prognosis of patients with local appendiceal carcinoids is excellent. The present study reports the case of a 16-year-old female patient that presented with severe right lower quadrant pain for 2 days. The patient underwent a successful appendectomy and recovered 2 days later. Subsequently, an appendiceal carcinoid tumor located at the proximal half towards the base of the appendix was diagnosed by histopathological examination. A follow-up examination 2 weeks after surgery revealed that the patient was well, with no discomfort. This report aims to determine the prevalence of appendiceal carcinoids in young patients and the definitive management.
A review on the machining of polymer composites reinforced with carbon (CFRP), glass (GFRP), and natural fibers (NFRP)
Authors: Slamani Mohamed , Chatelain Jean-François 
Published: April 2023

AbstractComposite material consumption is booming and is expected to increase exponentially in many industrial applications such as aerospace, automotive, marine and defense. However, in most cases, composite products require further processing before they can be used or assembled. Machining of composite materials is extremely difficult due to their anisotropic and non-homogeneous structure. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature on composite materials and their machining processes, such as turning, milling and drilling. Damage related to these processes is also discussed. The paper is divided into seven main parts; the first, second and third parts give a brief overview of composite materials, reinforcements used in composite materials and composite manufacturing methods, respectively. The fourth part deals with post-processing machining operations, while the fifth, sixth and seventh parts are devoted to the machining of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite, glass fiber reinforced polymer and natural fiber reinforced polymer composites, respectively. An analysis of the factors that influence the machining and the machinability criteria used for these materials is also presented, with particular emphasis on cutting forces, tool wear, delamination and surface finish. Non-traditional manufacturing methods are not discussed in this paper.
Geriatric surgical patients: is it possible to implement the comprehensive geriatric assessment in the emergency setting?
Authors: De Simone Belinda , Dhesi Jugdeep K. , Hoffman Melissa Red , Damaskos Dimitrios , Kaafarani Haytham M. , Chouillard Elie , Sartelli Massimo , Coccolini Federico , Ansaloni Luca , Bravi Francesca , Agnoletti Vanni , Catena Fausto 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith changing world demographics, increasing numbers of older patients present with complex surgical diseases and will require surgical management, mainly in the emergency setting.Ageing is associated with multimorbidity and frailty, both of which are independent predictors of adverse outcomes.Screening surgical patients for frailty, using specific tools, can lead to targeted interventions that reduce perioperative complications and length of hospital stay.In the last 10 years, perioperative models of care incorporating Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment and optimisation methodology have been implemented for elective surgical procedures.In the emergency setting, surgeons are required to make critical, time-sensitive decisions, often with limited information and high responsibility. A comprehensive geriatric multidisciplinary assessment could support them in practice to improve the management of geriatric surgical patients.We aim to report the last evidence about the comprehensive geriatric assessment for geriatric surgical patients, including its implementation in the emergency setting through a focused narrative review.
Graphical Abstract
Cultural Resource Damage Assessment
Authors: Welch John R. , Cowell Shannon , Ryan Stacy L. , Whiting Duston , Cantley Garry J. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTUnauthorized cultural resource alterations range from looting and grave robbing to contract violations and wildland fires. Such alterations degrade cultural resources’ spiritual, communal, ecological, economic, and scientific values. Alterations often violate communal senses of place, security, and belonging. Alterations complicate jurisdiction-specific management, which is premised on up-to-date information on resource sizes, conditions, and significance. Cultural resource damage assessment protocols based on proven forensic practices distil to eight fieldwork steps: verify the alteration, assemble the team, survey the scene, document the evidence, gather the evidence, assess the archaeological value and the cost of repair and restoration, prescribe emergency remediation, and confirm evidence documentation and custody. The eight steps give special consideration to local communities and Indigenous Territories, where unauthorized alterations are as common as they are elsewhere, whereas impacts to spiritual and cultural values are generally greater. Adapted to jurisdiction- and incident-specific circumstances, the steps will guide responses to alterations by community leaders, land managers, regulators, law enforcement agents, and archaeologists, including preparation of excellent damage assessment reports. Damage assessment practitioners and land managers should refine these practices to deter alterations, engage Tribes and other affected communities, halt postalteration degradation, ensure accountability, and enable jurisdiction-scale curation of cultural resources and their unique value constellations.
Structural wing optimisation targeting economical mission performance of a passenger aircraft
Authors: Rechtik S. , Daoud F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn an aircraft design, optimisation has become a common practice, especially when structural and aerodynamics interactions are considered. Performance measures often used in an industrial setting include structural weight, drag, lift to drag ratio, fuel burn or maximum range. It is a common practice to evaluate such performance indicators only on a handful of sample points. To achieve a truly economical aircraft design it is necessary to include a fully integrated mission analysis during a multidisciplinary structural optimisation, as there is a strong coupling between a flight behaviour and actual operational conditions of an aircraft. This paper makes a case for a modular approach to a mission analysis implementation that could utilise a variety of physical models and their combinations, offsetting some of the computational demands related to a fully integrated mission analysis and allowing to focus resources where they are needed.
The Temporal Asymmetry of Influence Is Not Statistical
Authors: Adlam Emily 
Published: April 2023

AbstractI argue that the temporal asymmetry of influence is not merely the result of thermodynamics: it is a consequence of the fact that the modal structure of the universe must admit only processes that cannot give rise to contradictions. I appeal to the process matrix formalism developed in the field of quantum foundations to characterize processes that are compatible with local free will while ruling out contradictions, and I argue that this gives rise to “consistent-chaining” requirements that explain the temporal asymmetry of influence. I compare this view to the perspectival account of causation advocated by Price and Ramsey.
Nature of the Shyok (Northern) Suture Zone between India and Asia: petrology, geochemistry and origin of the Tirit granitoids and associated dykes (Nubra Valley Ladakh Himalaya, NW India)
Authors: Chandra Rakesh , Kowser Nazia , Brookfield Michael E , Satyanarayanan Manavalan , Stöckli Daniel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Shyok Suture Zone is an oceanic remnant of the Neo-Tethyan ocean sandwiched between the Ladakh Batholiths to the south and Karakoram Batholith to the north. The Tirit granitoids in this suture are dark-coloured, relatively rich in ferromagnesian minerals and range from granodiorite–tonalite to gabbro–diorite in composition. Mafic igneous enclaves are quite common and they are intruded by NW–SE parallel doleritic and aplitic dykes. The Tirit granitoids have a wide range of major oxide compositions (SiO2= 52.1–72.11 wt %, TiO2= 0.21–1.23 wt %, Al2O3= 11.42–13.52 wt %, MgO = 1.69–10.69 wt % and CaO = 3.24–9.31 wt %) and show calc-alkaline, metaluminous, I-type characteristics, transitional between primitive and mature arc continental plutons. Rare earth elements (REE) show considerable enrichment in light REE (LREE) as compared to the heavy REE (HREE). Late Cretaceous U/Pb dates (74–68 Ma) show that they formed during the pre-collision northward movement of India. The Tirit dykes are only slightly younger and probably part of the same episode.
EXTENDED TECHNIQUE AND POLYPHONIC WRITING IN LUCIANO BERIO'S SEQUENZA XIV
Authors: Ferraz Silvio , Teixeira William 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article discusses the use of extended techniques by Luciano Berio (1925–2003), focusing on his Sequenza XIV, for cello, finished in 2002. Our analysis attempts to demonstrate how Berio uses new ways of playing the instrument to create a kind of polyphony. The article references a large number of writings by Berio himself, including sketches, drafts and early manuscripts of Sequenza XIV, including exchanges between the composer and Rohan de Saram, for whom he wrote the piece.
Hepatitis B in Africa Collaborative Network: cohort profile and analysis of baseline data
Authors: Riches Nicholas , Vinikoor Michael , Guingane Alice , Johannessen Asgeir , Lemoine Maud , Matthews Philippa , Okeke Edith , Shimakawa Yusuke , Sombie Roger , Stockdale Alexander , Wandeler Gilles , Andersson Monique , Davwar Pantong , Desalegn Hailemichael , Duguru Mary , Fall Fatou , Maponga Tongai , Nyam Paul David , Seydi Moussa , Sinkala Edford , Taljaard Jantjie , Sonderup Mark , Spearman C. Wendy 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Approximately 80 million people live with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the WHO Africa Region. The natural history of HBV infection in this population is poorly characterised, and may differ from patterns observed elsewhere due to differences in prevailing genotypes, environmental exposures, co-infections, and host genetics. Existing research is largely drawn from small, single-centre cohorts, with limited follow-up time. The Hepatitis B in Africa Collaborative Network (HEPSANET) was established in 2022 to harmonise the process of ongoing data collection, analysis, and dissemination from 13 collaborating HBV cohorts in eight African countries. Research priorities for the next 5 years were agreed upon through a modified Delphi survey prior to baseline data analysis being conducted. Baseline data on 4,173 participants with chronic HBV mono-infection were collected, of whom 38.3% were women and the median age was 34 years (interquartile range 28–42). In total, 81.3% of cases were identified through testing of asymptomatic individuals. HBeAg-positivity was seen in 9.6% of participants. Follow-up of HEPSANET participants will generate evidence to improve the diagnosis and management of HBV in this region.
Immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry analysis of PLZF and VASA in mice testis during spermatogenesis
Authors: Babatabar Darzi Mohammad , Nemati Farkhondeh , Azizi Hossein , Dehpour Jouybari Abbasali 
Published: April 2023

SummarySpermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the basis of male spermatogenesis and fertility. SSCs are distinguished by their ability to self-renew and differentiate into spermatozoa throughout the male reproductive life and pass genetic information to the next generation. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunocytochemistry (ICC) and Fluidigm reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to analyze the expression of PLZF and VASA in mice testis tissue. In this experimental study, whereas undifferentiated spermatogonial cells sharply expressed PLZF, other types of germ cells located in the seminiferous tubule were negative for this marker. Conversely, the germ cells near the basal membrane of the seminiferous tubule showed VASA expression, whereas the undifferentiated germ cells located on the basal membrane were negative. The ICC analysis indicated higher expression of PLZF in the isolated undifferentiated cells compared with differentiated germ cells. Fluidigm real-time RT-PCR results demonstrated a significant expression (P < 0.05) of VASA in the SSCs compared with differentiated cells and also showed expression of PLZF in undifferentiated spermatogonia. These results clearly proved the role of PLZF as a specific marker for SSCs, and can be beneficial for advanced research on in vitro differentiation of SSCs to functional sperms.