bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historiography and the Making of the Sultan’s Court in 15th Century Cairo. The case of the court office of ‘the Chief Head of the Guards’ (raʾs nawbat al‑nuwab)
Authors: Steenbergen Jo Van , Termonia Maya 
Published: July 2023

This article addresses the changing organization of the leadership of the Syro-Egyptian sultanate of Cairo between the late 14th and the early 16th centuries. Our aim is to further the understanding of how Arabic manuals of courtly protocol and texts of history from the 15th and early 16th centuries were active participants in a contested discourse of state formation that was directly involved in this changing organization on the one hand and that, on the other hand, mediated all medieval and modern encounters with it. Representations of the office of ‘the Chief Head of the [sultan’s] Guards’ (raʾs nawbat al-nuwab) are foregrounded here as a case study and a representative example of these discursive agencies. Exploring the representation of ‘the Chief Headship’ by 15th- and early 16th century scribes and historians as well as by modern scholars, this article demonstrates how they all, one way or another, participated in the sultanate’s complex processes of courtly configuration and state formation.
“They paved the Atlantic with books”: William and Jenny Bradley, literary agents and cultural passeurs across borders
Authors: Cossu-Beaumont Laurence 
Published: July 2023

The William A. Bradley Literary Agency Records help trace the careers of William and Jenny Bradley, two intermediaries in the cultural exchanges between France and the United States in the twentieth century. The archive offers privileged access to an array of transatlantic negotiations in the interwar period and post-Second World War era. This article first aims at including the two agents into the communications circuit relevant to book history that unfolds from writer to editor and on to reader, at a time when the book industry became more international. The article then unveils the sociability rooted in the agents’ participation in the world of Parisian salons and in the building of literary and intellectual relationships in the transnational space of Paris. Ultimately, the article argues that the Bradleys’ lifework articulates cultures in ways that defy the simplified vision of a unidirectional flux in what has been suggested to be an “American Century” of influence and cultural domination. In sum, an interest in intermediation and a transnational approach bring together considerations over the professional contributions of the French-American literary agents and observations about little-known makers of cultural processes. This article draws from the manuscript of Deux agents littéraires dans le siècle américain : William et Jenny Bradley, passeurs culturels transatlantiques (Cossu-Beaumont, 2023) and hopefully serves to shed light on the journeys of William and Jenny Bradley as Atlantic passeurs.
A comparative study of endoscopic tympanoplasty versus microscopic tympanoplasty in simple chronic otitis media
Authors: Li Jun-Liang , Chang Kuang-Hsi , Chang Hung-Min , Li Anthony , Ko Min-Cheng , Tsai Stella Chin-Shaw 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background:
Otologic surgeries previously used microscopes, requiring large incisions. Recent advances in medical optical resolutiosn allows the introduction of the otologic endoscope as a less invasive alternative, providing better visualization and accessibility. Endoscopic surgery is now preferred for type 1 tympanoplasty and cholesteatoma treatment.

Objectives:
This study aims to compare the outcomes between patients who underwent endoscopic tympanoplasty and those who underwent microscopic tympanoplasty without ossiculoplasty or mastoidectomy.

Methods:
We retrospectively examined the data of 191 patients (201 ears) who underwent tympanoplasty without ossiculoplasty or mastoidectomy using either an endoscope or a microscope in the Department of Otolaryngology, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, from July 1, 2014 to June 30, 2019. We compared the surgical and functional outcomes between the two approaches. We also analyzed the relationship between the two approaches and the size of the perforated tympanic membrane.

Results:
Endoscopic and microscopic tympanoplasties were performed in 67 and 134 ears, respectively. The preoperative pure tone average or air-bone gap values between the two groups were not statistically significant. The tympanic membrane healing rates for the four subgroups were classified according to the perforation size (Q1 : ≤ 25%, Q2 : > 25% & ≤ 50%, Q3 : > 50% & ≤ 75%, and Q4 : > 75% & ≤ 100%) were 90.9%, 94.1%, 95.0%, and 87.5% (P = 0.893), respectively, for the endoscopic group, and 97.0%, 86.4%, 97.1%, and 72.7% (P = 0.011), respectively, for the microscopic group. The postoperative improvement in the air-bone gap and pure tone average values between the two groups was not statistically significant. When considering the perforation size, the improvement in air-bone gap values was significantly different among the endoscopic groups (−1.0, −11.1, −3.9, and −7.8 dB, P = 0.002 for Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4, respectively). Additionally, the procedure was markedly shorter in cases that underwent endoscopic surgeries for tympanic membrane perforation size of <25% (P = 0.007).

Conclusion:
Patients who underwent endoscopic and microscopic tympanoplasties without ossiculoplasty or mastoidectomy showed similar surgical and functional outcomes. Moreover, the procedural duration was markedly shortened in cases that underwent endoscopic surgeries, especially for those with small-sized perforations of the tympanic membrane.
Refractory headache: New knowledge review
Authors: Liao Da-Ming , Chen Chieh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Most cases of intractable headaches are primary and functional in nature, and secondary headaches due to subarachnoid hemorrhage are not included in this category. Primary headache can be divided into the following two types: migraine and chronic tension-type headache. Moreover, if it is a chronic tension-type or an intractable headache, it is referred to as a refractory headache, which is more common in the elderly. This article aimed to describe the clinical differential diagnosis of intractable headache, latest management methods, risk factors associated with headaches, and other possible treatment options.
Surgical site infection in Nigerian patients
Authors: Enweluzo George Okwudilichukwu , Akinmokun Olasode I. , Alabi Eyitayo O. , Ohadugha Adaugo G. U. , Giwa S. O. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Infection remains an important complication of surgical procedures. It is an important aspect of patient care as it can be a source of distress for the patients, and the healthcare system in terms of finance and psychological impact. The administration of appropriate prophylactic antibiotics is important in the prevention of surgical site infection (SSI). However, resistance to antibiotics by the micro-organisms is a growing concern in the healthcare industry. This study compared the infection rate between Ceftriaxone and Ceftriaxone-Tazobactam combination as surgical prophylaxis in Nigerian population.

Method:
This was a double blinded randomized study conducted at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital from October 2020 to September2021. Two hundred and forty (240) patients, who were to have surgical procedures performed on them, were recruited and randomly distributed into two groups (A&B) of 120 patients each. Group A were those who had Ceftriaxone alone, while group B were those who had combination of Ceftriaxone and Tazobactam.

Results:
There was no statistical difference in the demographic characteristics of the two groups. The crude infection rate was 3 .8 %. The infection rate in group A was 3 .3 % within the first week but increased to 4 .2 % in the second week. The infection rate in group B was 3 .3 % within the first week and second week. At 30 days, the infection rate within group A was 2 .5 % and 0 % in group B. Regression analysis showed advanced age (P =0 .003), level of education (P =0 .0001),prolonged duration of surgery (P =0 .012) and excessive blood loss (P =0 .0001) as the important factors associated with development of SSI in the patients included in the study.

Conclusion:
Surgical site infection remains an important complication following surgeries. Certain factors such as advanced age, prolonged surgery and excessive blood loss increase the risk for SSI. Efforts should be geared towards prevention of SSI in patients by modifying risk factors that are modifiable and using antibiotics with better infection rate as prophylaxis.
The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose, undiagnosed diabetes mellitus, and associated risk factors among adults presented in the outpatient department in Mogadishu Somalia
Authors: Bashir Ahmed Muhammad , Fiidow Osman Abubakar , Mohamud Ahmed Adam 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Diabetes is a major health concern that has grown to alarming proportions. With more than 500 million sufferers globally, diabetes is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases. The aim of the study is to find the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients presented to our outpatient department at Mogadishu Somali Turkey Training and Research Hospital.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study conducted in the largest referral hospital in Mogadishu Somalia, all adult patients who volunteered to give consent have participated in the study. We excluded pregnant women, individuals taking medications that could affect glucose metabolism (e.g., steroids, beta-blockers, and thiazide diuretics), and confirmed diabetic patients from our study.

Results:
Seven hundred and twenty-two adults with a mean age of 42.85 ± 18.23 years were included. Most of the participants were female 432 (59.8%), aged 20–40 years 329 (45.6%). The prevalence of IFG was common among males (22.4%) and those 60 years and above (30.6%), while the prevalence of undiagnosed DM was high among males (9.7%), aged 40–60 years (13.4%). In the bivariate analysis, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and comorbidities were found to be significantly associated with the prevalence of IFG in all age groups.

Conclusions:
IFG was common among outpatient adults. Increased urbanization, the rise of the middle class, and population aging will lead to considerable rises in IFG, undiagnosed diabetes, and diabetes in Somalia in the next years. To limit the growth of diabetes in Somalia, public health interventions must be implemented soon. Promoting the health system and providing education can help.
Fall risks and Health-related quality of life among elderly attending primary healthcare centers in South Western Nigeria
Authors: Akodu Babatunde , Okonkwo Cynthia , Balogun Mobolanle , Alabi Eyitayo , Iloh Gabiel , Olokodana-Adesalu Olufunmilayo , Orumbie Patrick , Oghide Oziegbe , Ojikutu Moniola , Agunbiade Hussein 
Published: July 2023

Background:
The older persons are prone to falls resulting in severe injury. Falls among the older adults lead to significant public health sequelae and they account for the most prevalent forms of accidents that occur in older persons. Fall risks may be higher among the elderly with poor quality of life. This study was aimed at evaluating fall risks and the quality of life of the older adults attending primary health-care (PHC) centers in Lagos.

Methods:
This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out among the elderly that attended PHC centers in Mushin local government area (LGA), Lagos state. A multistage random sampling technique was used to select the LGA and the PHC centers that were used. Fall Risk for Older People-Community Setting and the short form-12 Health survey were used. A total of 200 respondents from the PHC centers participated in the study. Data were collected and analyzed using Epi-info version 7.2.1.0 software. Associations between fall risks, fall prevalence, and quality of life were determined using Chi-square. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
The prevalence of falls was 15% and 92.5% of the respondents had a low risk of falling and 93.4% had a good quality of life. There was a statistically significant association between risk factors for falls and quality of life (<0.001), as well as the prevalence of falls (<0.001). Those with poor quality of life and those who have fallen previously have a higher risk of falling.

Conclusion:
Fall risk was low, while fall prevalence and quality of life were high.
The correlation between vitamin B12 and folate levels and bone mineral density among the Saudi population in a primary care setting
Authors: Hussain Sarah I Bin , AlKhenizan Abdullah , Mahmoud Ahmed , Qashlaq Hussain 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
Bone health and osteoporosis are significant health problems in Saudi Arabia. Approximately 40%–50% of women and 25%–33% of men sustain osteoporotic fractures in their lifetimes. Hence, identifying the risk factors for osteoporosis is crucial in reducing the incidence of fractures.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of 557 patients (female 60%, male 40%) aged ≥18 years (mean age, 66.53 years [standard deviation ± 14.169]) who underwent bone mineral density (BMD) scans at the Department of Family Medicine & Polyclinics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC) between January 2004 and June 2019. Data collected included demographics, BMD values, vitamin B12 levels, and folate levels.

Results:
This study indicated that the prevalence rates of vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies among the study population were 8.4% and 1.3%, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between vitamin B12 levels and fracture risk (P =0.044). However, no statistically significant correlation was observed between BMD at either site (lumbar spine or femoral neck) and vitamin B12 (P =0.926.,070) and folate levels (P =.683.,79). BMD showed a significant positive correlation with body mass index at the lumbar spine and femoral neck (P = 0.000). There was no statistically significant association between vitamin B12 levels and the use of metformin (P =.26).

Conclusion:
Vitamin B12 is associated with fracture risk; however, vitamin B12 and folate levels are not correlated to BMD (femoral neck and lumbar spine).
Profile of sharp weapon trauma cases in Jharkhand, India: An autopsy-based report
Authors: Kumari Jyotsna 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Medical injury is a break of the natural continuity of any of the tissue of the living body. Sharp weapons are one of most violent means of death. This study documents the nature of injury among sharp weapon trauma cases and the cause of death among them. Studies also include the prevalence of the most frequently injured part of the body. It has always been a crucial and condemnable method of fatalities, either suicidal or homicidal.

Methods:
It is an autopsy-based study conducted in the department of forensic medicine and toxicology at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, for the period of one year from July 1, 2012 to June 30, 2013. The variables considered were gender, age, injury pattern, cause of death, etc.

Results:
This study reports that the frequency of death due to sharp weapons in Ranchi is like some other studies conducted in different states of India. Our study reported that out of 2540 medico-legal deaths, 120 (4.72%) deaths were due to sharp weapons, including 91 (75.83%) males and 29 (24.17%) females.

Conclusion:
The study showed that most of the sharp weapon trauma cases were homicidal in nature which is common in 20–39 years. It is observed that sharp weapon cases were common in urban areas. Sharp weapon injuries may be ante-mortem or post-mortem and may be homicidal, accidental (rare), or fabricated in nature.
Biomarkers and their combination in a prediction of decompensation after an index hospitalization for acute heart failure
Authors: Durak-Nalbantic Azra , Begic Edin , Begic Alden , Dzubur Alen , Lepara Orhan , Baljic Rusmir , Hamzic-Mehmedbasic Aida , Rebic Damir , Hodzic Enisa , Halimic Mirza , Badnjevic Almir 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Heart failure (HF) still remains as one of the most common causes of hospital admission with a high mortality rate.

Aim:
To investigate the possible prognostic role of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), high-sensitivity (hs) cardiac troponin (cTn) I, cystatin C, and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) in the prediction of decompensation after an index hospitalization and to investigate their possible additive prognostic value.

Patients and Methods:
Two hundred twenty-two patients hospitalized with acute HF were monitored and followed for 18 months.

Results:
BNP at discharge has the highest sensitivity and specificity in the prediction of decompensation. For a cutoff value of 423.3 pg/ml, sensitivity was 64.3% and specificity was 64.5%, with a positive predictive value of 71.6% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.69 (P < 0.001). The hazard risk (HR) for decompensation when the discharge BNP was above the cutoff value was 2.18. Cystatin C, at a cutoff value of 1.46 mg/L, had a sensitivity of 57% and specificity of 57.8%, with a positive predictive value of 65.8% and an AUC of 0.59 (P = 0.028). CA125, in the prediction of decompensation in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) and at a cutoff value of 80.5 IU/L, had a sensitivity of 60.5% and specificity of 53.3%, with a positive predictive value of 64.5% and an AUC of 0.59 (P = 0.022). The time till onset of decompensation was significantly shorter in patients with four versus three elevated biomarkers (P = 0.047), with five versus three elevated biomarkers (P = 0.026), and in patients with four versus two elevated biomarkers (P = 0.026). The HR for decompensation in patients with five positive biomarkers was 3.7 (P = 0.001) and in patients with four positive biomarkers was 2.5 (P = 0.014), compared to patients who had fewer positive biomarkers.

Conclusion:
BNP, cystatin C, and CA125 are predictors of decompensation, and their combined usage leads to better prediction of new decompensation.
Nutritional status of reproductive age group women: A community-based study
Authors: Sahu Priyanka C. , Ali Inamdar Ismail Farukh Ali , Purohit Laxmikant , Sahu Ajaykumar C. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Anemia continues to be a major public health problem worldwide, particularly among females of reproductive age in developing country settings. The prevalence of anemia in South Asia is among the highest in the world, mirroring overall high rates of malnutrition.

Objective:
1) To estimate the prevalence of anemia and undernutrition among reproductive age group females. 2) To study factors associated with anemia and undernutrition among reproductive age group females.

Material and Method:
This was cross-sectional study, which was carried out from June 2011 to December 2012 at Nanded City in Maharashtra state among nonpregnant ever-married women of 15–49 years age with a sample size of 750 selected using probability proportional to size sampling technique. Percentage, Chi-square test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, and Student’s t test were used for analyzing the data.

Results:
The prevalence of anemia among reproductive age group women was 554 (73.9%). 20.8% of women were undernourished and 4.1% were obese. There was a significant difference in the hemoglobin percentage of study subjects in relation to their age at marriage, weight, and body mass index (BMI). Mean BMI increases significantly as the age of women and duration of marriage increases.

Conclusion:
Nutritional status has a significant effect on the grade of anemia. Women of reproductive age groups are affected by anemia irrespective of age and parity.
Comparison of depression, anxiety, and stress between public and private university medical students
Authors: Al-khlaiwi Thamir , Habib Syed Shahid , Akram Ashfaq , Al-khliwi Huthayfah , Habib Syed Mohammed 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Context:
Depression, anxiety, and stress are common among medical students because of hectic and heavy studies.

Aim:
This study was carried out to determine the magnitude of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) among undergraduate medical students and its relationship with its causative factors in public and private universities.

Setting and Design:
The study tool was DASS (Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21) which was distributed through the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, adopting a multistage cluster sampling method for an observational study design.

Subjects and Data:
Data from undergraduate medical students (N = 337) was collected from public and private medical colleges in Saudi Arabia.

Statistical Analysis:
Independent t-tests and analysis of covariance were applied to analyze the data.

Results:
There was a significant difference in depression with a higher mean score in private versus public medical students (8.38±5.93 vs 6.34±5.46, p=0.001), anxiety (9.49±5.12 vs 7.91±5.00, p=0.005), and stress (9.11±5.11 vs 7.93±5.02, p=0.035). There was a significant difference in the level of anxiety between second- and third-years students (p =0.01).

Conclusion:
Private medical university students have significantly higher depression, anxiety, and stress levels compared to public universities. More studies are needed to explore the causes of this psychological impact.
Prospective study on outcome of MDR-TB using the shorter regimen during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kumar G Sravan , Sameena P , Karthik V , Ghanate Nalini 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
According to Indian TB report 2020, 66,225 MDR/RR-TB cases were detected in India, 56,569 (85%) were put on treatment, and 40,397 (75%) were initiated on shorter drug regimens at the time of diagnosis. In the absence of an effective vaccine, there is an urgent need for new treatment regimens, drugs, and diagnostics to slow the evolution of drug resistance and limit transmission of resistant variants, as well as to ameliorate the treatment outcome of patients infected with MDR/XDR M. tuberculosis strains.

Aim:
To evaluate the efficacy of a shorter drug regimen in MDR-PTB and estimate the adverse effects of drugs used in the regimen.

Methods:
This is an institution-based prospective study which included 135 confirmed MDR-PTB patients. Patients with extra-pulmonary MDR-TB and use of SLI for more than one month were excluded.

Results:
The success rate using a shorter regimen was 65.2% which is respectable, given the COVID-19 pandemic considered during the study period. Minor adverse events such as nausea (39.3%) and vomiting (34.8%) were reported. Rare adverse effects such as hearing loss (8.9%) and hypothyroidism (0.2%) were also seen in the study population.

Conclusion:
Overall treatment success was similar when compared to other studies done previously. A shorter drug regimen was associated with minor adverse effects such as gastrointestinal adverse effects such as vomiting and hearing loss observed in elderly patients. Baseline unknown drug resistance and lower BMI were associated with unsuccessful outcomes. Measures should be taken to improve nutrition. Our results argue the need for improving baseline DST at peripheral areas in order to effectively evaluate resistance to other drugs, especially in settings with high levels of first and second-line drug resistance.