bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How a Sodium Channel Mutation Causes Epilepsy
Authors: Noebels Jeffrey L. 
Published: December 2022

Functional and Biochemical Analysis of a Sodium Channel β1-Subunit Mutation Responsible for Generalized Epilepsy with Febrile Seizures Plus Type 1 Meadows LS, Malhotra J, Loukas A, Thyagarajan V, Kazen-Gillespie KA, Koopman MC, Kriegler S, Isom LL, Ragsdale DS J Neurosci 2002;22(24):10699–10709 Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus type 1 is an inherited human epileptic syndrome, associated with a cysteine-to-tryptophan (C121W) mutation in the extracellular immunoglobulin domain of the auxiliary β1 subunit of the voltage-gated sodium channel. The mutation disrupts β1 function, but how this leads to epilepsy is not understood. In this study, we make several observations that may be relevant for understanding why this β1 mutation results in seizures. First, with electrophysiological recordings from mammalian cell lines, coexpressing sodium channel asubunits and either wild-type β1 or C121Wβ1, we show that loss of β1 functional modulation, caused by the C121W mutation, leads to increased sodium channel availability at hyperpolarized membrane potentials and reduced sodium channel rundown during high-frequency channel activity, compared with channels coexpressed with wild-type β1. In contrast, neither wild-type β1 nor C121Wβ1 significantly affected sodium current time course or the voltage dependence of channel activation. We also show, by using a Drosophila S2 cell adhesion assay, that the C121W mutation disrupts β1-β1 homophilic cell adhesion, suggesting that the mutation may alter the ability of β1 to mediate protein-protein interactions critical for sodium channel localization. Finally, we demonstrate that neither functional modulation nor cell adhesion mediated by wild-type β1 is occluded by coexpression of C121Wβ1, arguing against the idea that the mutant β1 acts as a dominant-negative subunit. Together, these data suggest that C121Wβ1 causes subtle effects on channel function and subcellular distribution that bias neurons toward hyperexcitability and epileptogenesis.
Systematic headwater sampling of white‐spotted charr reveals stream capture events across dynamic topography
Authors: Masuda Taro , Shimono Yoshiko , Kishi Daisuke , Koizumi Itsuro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimRiver system rearrangements such as stream capture play a crucial role in determining range expansion and gene flow of stream organisms between different watersheds. However, it is challenging to clarify the role of stream capture in dynamic landscapes where frequent connections and disconnections occur in stream networks. We hypothesized that fine‐scale sampling with genome‐wide analysis could reveal the effect of stream capture on the range expansion of stream fish and detect unidentified river rearrangement of headwater streams in a highly heterogeneous landscape.LocationHonshu Island, Japan.Taxon
Salvelinus leucomaenis.
MethodsTo identify stream capture events from biological evidence, a sampling strategy was designed with fish collected from multiple pairs of adjacent headwater streams. This included a ‘typical site’ where the occurrence of a stream capture event has been confirmed with geological evidence. The genetic population structure was analysed using genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data using MIG‐seq, followed by a Bayesian clustering approach.ResultsEvidence was found for historical dispersal across watersheds, including a typical stream capture site. This cross‐drainage dispersal promoted gene flow among the three genetic groups of focal fish inhabiting western Honshu Island. The likelihood of past stream capture increased substantially when the inter‐headwater distance was less than 2000 m, or the altitudinal difference was less than 200 m in the current topography.Main ConclusionsIn highly dynamic areas, such as the study site, which is surrounded by active faults, stream capture may be frequent, and aids inter‐drainage dispersal of freshwater organisms, where large‐scale range expansions would otherwise be impossible. Systematic pairwise headwater sampling, together with genome‐wide SNP analysis, provides biological evidence for the history of water system rearrangements and enables the identification of geological events.
Process optimization of a cereal‐based fermented beverage (Boza) powder and investigating upscaling conditions
Authors: Gül Osman , Atalar İlyas , Törnük Fatih , Akgün Abdullah 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBoza is a traditional fermented cereal‐based beverage, which should be consumed within 3–5 days after production due to its short shelf‐life. Spray drying process is an excellent option to overcome this problem to make the product least perishable. The optimal spray drying conditions for boza powder production in a laboratory‐scale spray dryer were investigated using, Response Surface Methodology. Air inlet temperature and feed flow rate were the main parameters that affected the responses such as powder yield, moisture content, cell viability, particle size, and solubility. The optimum spray drying conditions were 148°C air inlet temperature, 9°C feed temperature, and 10 ml/min feed flow rate. At these optimum conditions, deviations between predictive and experimental values were found very low. A 1.5 log cfu/g reduction in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) viability was achieved, however instant properties of boza powder should be improved by agglomeration processes. Laboratory and pilot scales were also compared at the determined optimum drying conditions. Approximately 0.4 log cfu/g difference in LAB viability was observed between the two scales.Practical ApplicationsBoza is one of the most valuable fermented cereal products due to its high nutritional value. The short shelf life of Boza limits its consumption and makes it a seasonal product. Spray drying technology could provide overcome these challenges and improve the usability and durability of boza beverages. However, the quality of a spray‐dried product highly depends on process conditions. Therefore the effects of the spray drying process conditions on the physicochemical properties of boza powder and the scale‐up conditions were investigated for the first time in this study.
Exploring starches from varied sorghum genotypes compared to commercial maize starch
Authors: dos Santos Thaís Barbosa , da Silva Freire Neto Raimundo , Collantes Nathalia Ferreira , Chávez Davy William Hidalgo , Queiroz Valéria Aparecida Vieira , de Carvalho Carlos Wanderlei Piler 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSorghum has been lately attracted the attention for human consumption as a gluten‐free cereal rich in bioactive compounds. Sorghum starches isolated from brown (BRS305), red (BRS308), and white (CMSXS180) genotypes were compared to commercial maize starch, based on proximate composition, particle size distribution, microstructure, X‐ray diffraction, amylose and total starch content, solubility index, swelling power, pasting, and thermal properties. The carbohydrate content of sorghum starch samples ranged from 98.24 to 99.23 g/100 g (dry basis). The particle size distribution of the CMSXS180 sorghum genotype was very similar to commercial maize starch. The relative crystallinity values varied from 29.83% to 30.39%. The water solubility index and swelling power of sorghum starches were lower than those of maize starch. Sorghum genotypes paste profiles were similar, but greatly differed from maize showing the highest final viscosity (4042.0–4444.5 cP) compared to maize starch (3767.5 cP) and lower gelatinization enthalpy (∆H = 9–10.5 J/g) than maize starch (11.8 J/g). The results showed some distinct properties of sorghum starches when compared to maize starch, which may contribute to provide alternative uses, particularly in food products requiring very high viscosity and retrogradation.Practical ApplicationsSorghum pericarp is rich in bioactive compounds, which can be used as a main source of ingredients, for example, to the nutraceutical industry. The sorghum grain without pericarp (decorticated), used to produce purified starch (without chemical treatment), may contribute to the total use of this cereal by limiting chemical residues. In addition, sorghum starch has shown particular technological properties different from commercial maize starch, providing alternative uses in the food industry, for example, in products that require high viscosity from hot to cold processes.
Medical management of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in the Asia‐Pacific region: A position paper by the Asian Pan‐Pacific Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (APPSPGHAN) PIBD Working Group
Authors: Lee Way Seah , Arai Katsuhiro , Alex George , Treepongkaruna Suporn , Kim Kyung Mo , Choong Chee Liang , Mercado Karen S. C. , Darma Andy , Srivastava Anshu , Aw Marion M. ,   APPSPGHAN PIBD Working Group
Published: December 2022

AbstractPediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) is rising rapidly in many industrialized and affluent areas in the Asia‐Pacific region. Current available guidelines, mainly from Europe and North America, may not be completely applicable to clinicians caring for children with PIBD in this region due to differences in disease characteristics and regional resources constraints. This position paper is an initiative from the Asian Pan‐Pacific Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (APPSPGHAN) with the aim of providing an up‐to‐date, evidence‐based approach to PIBD in the Asia‐Pacific region, taking into consideration the unique disease characteristics and financial resources available in this region. A group of pediatric gastroenterologists with special interest in PIBD performed an extensive literature search covering epidemiology, disease characteristics and natural history, management, and monitoring. Gastrointestinal infections, including tuberculosis, need to be excluded before diagnosing IBD. In some populations in Asia, the Nudix Hydrolase 15 (NUD15) gene is a better predictor of leukopenia induced by azathioprine than thiopurine‐S‐methyltransferase (TPMT). The main considerations in the use of biologics in the Asia‐Pacific region are high cost, ease of access, and potential infectious risk, especially tuberculosis. This position paper provides a useful guide to clinicians in the medical management of children with PIBD in the Asia‐Pacific region.
Use of provider‐sponsored patient portals among older adults and their family caregivers
Authors: Burgdorf Julia G. , Fabius Chanee D. , Wolff Jennifer L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundMillions of older adults co‐manage or delegate health responsibilities to one or more family caregivers. Patient portals facilitate health care management tasks, but little is known about portal use arrangements (i.e., individual or joint use) among older adults and their caregivers.MethodsWe sought to characterize individual and joint use of the patient portal and to identify how using arrangements varies by individual‐, interpersonal‐, and community‐level factors. We used linked 2017 National Health and Aging Trends Study, National Study on Caregiving, and American Community Survey data for a nationally representative sample of older adults (n = 1417; weighted n = 7.4 million) and their caregivers (n = 2232; weighted n = 20.6 million). Patient portals used by older adults and caregiver(s) were assessed via self‐reports. We described portal use arrangements and tested for between‐group differences using weighted Wald tests. Caregiver's likelihood of accessing the portal was modeled using weighted, multivariable logistic regression.ResultsOne in ten (10%) community‐living older adults were sole portal users, 3% were joint users with one or more caregivers, 14% solely relied on one or more caregivers as portal users, and 74% reported no portal use. Older adults whose portal was only used by caregiver(s) were more likely to be Medicaid‐enrolled (20% vs. 1%; p < 0.001), have dementia (43% vs. 5%; p < 0.001), and be homebound (65% vs. 27%; p < 0.001). Caregivers were more likely to use the portal if they were college‐educated adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.68; p < 0.01) and reported caregiving‐related emotional difficulty (aOR: 1.92; p < 0.001) and doing more than their “fair share” (aOR: 1.48; p = 0.03), and were less likely if Black (versus White) (aOR: 0.61; p = 0.01).ConclusionsPatient portals could be a valuable platform for identifying and supporting caregivers of high‐need older adults, but existing disparities in portal access must be closed to ensure equitable support.
Serum anti‐GM2 and anti‐GalNAc‐GD1a ganglioside IgG antibodies are biomarkers for immune‐mediated polyneuropathies in cats
Authors: Halstead Susan K. , Jackson Mark , Bianchi Ezio , Rupp Stefan , Granger Nicolas , Menchetti Marika , Galli Greta , Freeman Paul , Kaczmarska Adriana , Bhatti Sofie F. M. , Brocal Josep , José‐López Roberto , Tipold Andrea , Gutierrez Quintana Rodrigo , Ives Edward J. , Liatis Theofanis , Nessler Jasmin , Rusbridge Clare , Willison Hugh J. , Rupp Angie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecent work identified anti‐GM2 and anti‐GalNAc‐GD1a IgG ganglioside antibodies as biomarkers in dogs clinically diagnosed with acute canine polyradiculoneuritis, in turn considered a canine equivalent of Guillain‐Barré syndrome. This study aims to investigate the serum prevalence of similar antibodies in cats clinically diagnosed with immune‐mediated polyneuropathies. The sera from 41 cats clinically diagnosed with immune‐mediated polyneuropathies (IPN), 9 cats with other neurological or neuromuscular disorders (ONM) and 46 neurologically normal cats (CTRL) were examined for the presence of IgG antibodies against glycolipids GM1, GM2, GD1a, GD1b, GalNAc‐GD1a, GA1, SGPG, LM1, galactocerebroside and sulphatide. A total of 29/41 IPN‐cats had either anti‐GM2 or anti‐GalNAc‐GD1a IgG antibodies, with 24/29 cats having both. Direct comparison of anti‐GM2 (sensitivity: 70.7%; specificity: 78.2%) and anti‐GalNAc‐GD1a (sensitivity: 70.7%; specificity: 70.9%) antibodies narrowly showed anti‐GM2 IgG antibodies to be the better marker for identifying IPN‐cats when compared to the combined ONM and CTRL groups (P = .049). Anti‐GA1 and/or anti‐sulphatide IgG antibodies were ubiquitously present across all sample groups, whereas antibodies against GM1, GD1a, GD1b, SGPG, LM1 and galactocerebroside were overall only rarely observed. Anti‐GM2 and anti‐GalNAc‐GD1a IgG antibodies may serve as serum biomarkers for immune‐mediated polyneuropathies in cats, as previously observed in dogs and humans.
Elevated Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Fractured Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units
Authors: Sun Kaibo , Zhou Yannan , Wu Yuangang , Zeng Yi , Xu Jiawen , Shen Bin 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesRed blood cell distribution width (RDW) with prognosis in various infectious diseases. For fractured patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICU), an accurate and fast appraisal is essential. To investigate the association between RDW and prognosis in fractured patients admitted to the ICU utilizing the MIMIC‐III database.MethodsA retrospective cohort from the MIMIC III database from 2001 and 2012 was constructed. RDW and other information were collected with in‐hospital mortality as the primary outcome and 90‐day mortality and hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS) as secondary outcomes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models with propensity score inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were used to investigate the prognostic value of RDW. A nomogram was built with significant prognostic factors to predict in‐hospital mortality, and the performance of the nomogram was evaluated and compared with other severity assessment scores. Subgroup analysis was also conducted.ResultsA total of 2721 fracture patients admitted to the ICU were identified. After IPTW, the group with higher RDW was significantly associated with elevated in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–2.37), 90‐day mortality (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.04–1.86), prolonged hospital LOS (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.03–1.50), and ICU LOS significantly (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.05–1.53) in the multivariate logistics model. The nomogram showed optimal discriminative ability and predictive accuracy with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.77.ConclusionRDW independently predicted in‐hospital mortality, 90‐day mortality, and hospital and ICU LOS in fractured patients admitted to ICU. The nomogram including RDW could also be a promising tool with potential clinical benefits.
Chloroplast inner envelope protein FtsH11 is involved in the adjustment of assembly of chloroplast ATP synthase under heat stress
Authors: Yue Xiaohong , Ke Xiangsheng , Shi Yafei , Li Yangsheng , Zhang Chenhao , Wang Yetao , Hou Xin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe maintenance of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane is an integral aspect of photosynthesis that is mainly established by the splitting of water molecules in photosystem II and plastoquinol oxidation at the cytochrome complex, and it is necessary for the generation of ATP in the last step of photophosphorylation. Although environmental stresses, such as high temperatures, are known to disrupt this fundamental process, only a few studies have explored the molecular mechanisms underlying proton gradient regulation during stress. The present study identified a heat‐sensitive mutant that displays aberrant photosynthesis at high temperatures. This mutation was mapped to AtFtsH11, which encodes an ATP‐dependent AAA‐family metalloprotease. We showed that AtFtsH11 localizes to the chloroplast inner envelope membrane and is capable of degrading the ATP synthase assembly factor BFA3 under heat stress. We posit that this function limits the amount of ATP synthase integrated into the thylakoid membrane to regulate proton efflux from the lumen to the stroma. Our data also suggest that AtFtsH11 is critical in stabilizing photosystem II and cytochrome complexes at high temperatures, and additional studies can further elucidate the specific molecular functions of this critical regulator of photosynthetic thermotolerance.
Comparison of febrile seizures in children with or without coronavirus disease‐2019: A single‐center observational study
Authors: Seo Min Jeong , Yum Mi Sun , Park Jun Sung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundFebrile seizure (FS) is one of the most common neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) in children. We compared the clinical characteristics of FS in patients with and without COVID‐19 during the pandemic period.MethodsThis retrospective single‐center study included patients aged 0–18 years who visited the pediatric emergency department (ED) with FS from January 1, 2022, to April 30, 2022.ResultsA total of 186 patients visited the pediatric ED with FS during the study period: 123 (66.1%) were positive for COVID‐19 and 63 (33.9%) were negative. Patients with COVID‐19 were predominantly male (70.7% vs. 50.8%, p = 0.007) and older (2.4 vs. 1.8 years, p = 0.005) than those without COVID‐19. A higher proportion of patients with COVID‐19 were of atypical age (age > 5 years or <6 months) than those without COVID‐19 (26.8% vs. 9.5%, p = 0.006). This was especially true for those aged >5 years (22% vs. 4.8%, p = 0.003). Patients with COVID‐19 had a higher probability of multiple episodes of convulsion within 24 h than those without COVID‐19 (10.6% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.037). Among patients with COVID‐19, males had a shorter fever‐to‐seizure duration than females (3 h vs. 6.5 h, p = 0.045).ConclusionsPatients with FS with COVID‐19 tend to be predominantly male and have older age of onset than those without COVID‐19. Because of the atypical age of onset and probability of multiple convulsion episodes, vigilance for FS is needed in patients with COVID‐19, especially males.
Armed conflicts and women's authority in intra‐household decision making
Authors: Le Kien , Nguyen My 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper evaluates the extent to which armed conflicts alter women's intra‐household decision making in 51 countries over the past three decades (1990–2018). Exploiting the variations both within and across districts in the timing of battles, we uncover adverse consequences of armed conflict on women's engagement in household decisions on both financial and non‐financial aspects. Specifically, a one standard deviation increase in the number of battles (equivalent to an increase of 5.1 battles) reduces the composite financial and non‐financial decision indices of women by 2.32% and 1.34% relative to the sample averages. Breaking down the decision‐making indices by looking at the underlying items, we further find that the declines in women's intra‐household decision making come from reductions in all aspects of financial and non‐financial domains.
Response of three cereal crops in continuous arable or ley‐arable rotations to fertilizer nitrogen and soil nitrogen at Rothamsted's Woburn Ley‐arable experiment
Authors: Poulton Paul Richard , Johnston Arthur Edward , White Rodger Paul 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRothamsted's Woburn Ley‐arable experiment, started in 1938 on a sandy loam soil, provides valuable real‐world data on the effects of all‐arable and ley‐arable rotations. In this study, six rotations were compared from 1973 to 2001. Two had 3‐year arable “treatment” crops, two had 3‐year leys, and two had 8‐year leys; the leys being all‐grass given fertilizer nitrogen (Ln3 and Ln8), or grass/clover (Lc3 and Lc8). Here, we present the yields of two test crops, winter wheat (1981–2000) followed by spring barley (1982–1991) or winter rye (1997–2001) in each of the six rotations, and their response to four rates of fertilizer N and soil N. From fitted yield/N response curves, we show that maximum wheat yields were least (7.10 t ha−1) in the AB rotation, slightly higher, but not significantly so (7.65 t ha−1) following Ln leys but significantly higher (8.12 t ha−1) following Lc leys. Significantly less fertilizer N (30 kg ha−1) was needed to achieve the higher yields following Lc leys. Yields of the second cereal following the leys were 0.3–0.8 t ha−1 higher than those in the AB rotation; these increases were not statistically significant. However, significantly less fertilizer N, 26–38 kg N ha−1, was required to achieve those yields. There was no difference found between the type of ley. The initial benefit of the Lc leys was short‐lived. If leys are to be introduced into mainly arable farming systems, they may need to be subsidized to make them financially viable.