bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naïve, uninformed and sexually abused: circumstances surrounding adolescent pregnancies in Malawi
Authors: Chamdimba Elita , Kabiru Caroline W. , Ushie Boniface Ayanbekongshie , Munthali Alister , Thakwalakwa Chrissie , Ajayi Anthony Idowu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPregnancy and childbearing in adolescence could negatively affect girls’ health and socio-economic wellbeing across the life course. Previous studies on drivers of adolescent pregnancy in Africa have not fully considered the perspectives of parents/guardians vis-à-vis pregnant and parenting adolescents. Our study addresses this gap by examining pregnant and parenting adolescents’ and parents/guardians’ narratives about factors associated with early and unintended pregnancy.MethodologyThe descriptive study draws on qualitative data collected as part of a larger mixed-methods cross-sectional survey on the lived experiences of pregnant and parenting adolescents. Data were collected between March and May 2021 in Blantyre, Malawi, using semi-structured interview guides. We interviewed 18 pregnant and parenting adolescent girls, 10 parenting adolescent boys, and 16 parents/guardians of pregnant and parenting adolescents. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim into the English language by bilingual transcribers. We used the inductive-thematic analytical approach to summarize the data.FindingsThe data revealed several interconnected and structural reasons for adolescents’ vulnerability to early and unintended pregnancy. These include adolescents’ limited knowledge and access to contraceptives, poverty, sexual violence, school dropout, COVID-19 school closures, and being young and naively engaging in unprotected sex. While some parents agreed that poverty and school dropout or COVID-19 related school closure could lead to early pregnancies, most considered stubbornness, failure to adhere to abstinence advice and peer influence as responsible for adolescent pregnancies.ConclusionOur findings contribute to the evidence on the continued vulnerability of girls to unintended pregnancy. It highlights how parents and adolescents hold different views on reasons for early and unintended pregnancy, and documents how divergent views between girls and their parents may contribute to the lack of progress in reducing adolescent childbearing. Based on these findings, preventing unintended pregnancies will require altering community attitudes about young people’s use of contraceptives and engaging parents, education sector, civil society organizations and community and religious leaders to develop comprehensive sexuality education programs to empower in- and out-of school adolescents.
Examination of fully automated mammographic density measures using LIBRA and breast cancer risk in a cohort of 21,000 non-Hispanic white women
Authors: Habel Laurel A. , Alexeeff Stacey E. , Achacoso Ninah , Arasu Vignesh A. , Gastounioti Aimilia , Gerstley Lawrence , Klein Robert J. , Liang Rhea Y. , Lipson Jafi A. , Mankowski Walter , Margolies Laurie R. , Rothstein Joseph H. , Rubin Daniel L. , Shen Li , Sistig Adriana , Song Xiaoyu , Villaseñor Marvella A. , Westley Mark , Whittemore Alice S. , Yaffe Martin J. , Wang Pei , Kontos Despina , Sieh Weiva 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Breast density is strongly associated with breast cancer risk. Fully automated quantitative density assessment methods have recently been developed that could facilitate large-scale studies, although data on associations with long-term breast cancer risk are limited. We examined LIBRA assessments and breast cancer risk and compared results to prior assessments using Cumulus, an established computer-assisted method requiring manual thresholding.

Methods
We conducted a cohort study among 21,150 non-Hispanic white female participants of the Research Program in Genes, Environment and Health of Kaiser Permanente Northern California who were 40–74 years at enrollment, followed for up to 10 years, and had archived processed screening mammograms acquired on Hologic or General Electric full-field digital mammography (FFDM) machines and prior Cumulus density assessments available for analysis. Dense area (DA), non-dense area (NDA), and percent density (PD) were assessed using LIBRA software. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for breast cancer associated with DA, NDA and PD modeled continuously in standard deviation (SD) increments, adjusting for age, mammogram year, body mass index, parity, first-degree family history of breast cancer, and menopausal hormone use. We also examined differences by machine type and breast view.

Results
The adjusted HRs for breast cancer associated with each SD increment of DA, NDA and PD were 1.36 (95% confidence interval, 1.18–1.57), 0.85 (0.77–0.93) and 1.44 (1.26–1.66) for LIBRA and 1.44 (1.33–1.55), 0.81 (0.74–0.89) and 1.54 (1.34–1.77) for Cumulus, respectively. LIBRA results were generally similar by machine type and breast view, although associations were strongest for Hologic machines and mediolateral oblique views. Results were also similar during the first 2 years, 2–5 years and 5–10 years after the baseline mammogram.

Conclusion
Associations with breast cancer risk were generally similar for LIBRA and Cumulus density measures and were sustained for up to 10 years. These findings support the suitability of fully automated LIBRA assessments on processed FFDM images for large-scale research on breast density and cancer risk.
Acromegaly with initial negative oral glucose tolerance test: a case report
Authors: Tsai Wen-Hsuan , Chien Ming-Nan , Dai Shuen-Han , Chan Yun-Kai 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Acromegaly can be diagnosed by a growth hormone value ≥ 1 µg/L following an oral glucose tolerance test. However, normal growth hormone suppression following oral glucose tolerance test may not exclude acromegaly.

Case presentation
We present a case of a 55-year-old Chinese man with pituitary macroadenoma incidentally noted after a traffic accident. He reported feet enlargement in the past few years. At the beginning, elevated insulin-like growth factor-1 was noted with growth hormone value < 1 µg/L after oral glucose tolerance test. Fracture-related high insulin-like growth factor-1 was suspected. Insulin-like growth factor-1 decreased gradually but was still above the upper limit of normal . However, he suffered from dizziness 1 year later and insulin-like growth factor-1 increased again. Besides, secondary hypocortisolism developed. The size of the pituitary macroadenoma was stationary. Follow-up oral glucose tolerance test showed a growth hormone value > 1 µg/L. Endoscopic endonasal approach to the remove pituitary macroadenoma was performed subsequently. After the resection of the pituitary macroadenoma, pathology showed positive staining of growth hormone and prolactin. Insulin-like growth factor-1 normalized as well.

Conclusions
Suppressed growth hormone after oral glucose tolerance test cannot exclude acromegaly, and some patients may have only mild or no clinical presentation of acromegaly. Patients with pituitary microadenoma or macroadenoma and elevated insulin-like growth factor-1 should be closely monitored for signs/symptoms of acromegaly and hypopituitarism.
Structural Behavior of Ultra-High Strength Concrete Columns Reinforced with Basalt Bars Under Axial Loading
Authors: El-Sayed Taha A. , Abdallah Kareem S. , Ahmed Hossam E. , El-Afandy Tamer H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe axial compressive behavior of Ultra-High Strength Concrete (UHPC) columns reinforced with basalt bars was investigated in this work. Only a few research projects have used basalt Reinforced Concrete Columns. Under axial stress, 12 columns of 150 × 150 mm in cross section and 1200 mm in height manufactured of M120 grade UHPC, incorporating glass powder lime powder, were tested. The primary characteristics investigated in this study were axial load capacity, axial deformation, failure pattern, ductility, and stiffness. The findings of the experimental tests revealed that the ultimate loads and behavior of UHPCC reinforced with BFRP were superior to concrete columns strengthened with steel reinforcement. When compared to steel RC columns, basalt RC columns carry about 90% of the axial load. Moreover, the BFRP bar tensile strength was 2.5 greater than reinforcing steel yield strength and 1.79 times larger than that of bar. The Ansys software-based analytical analysis assisted in predicting the eventual carrying capacity of UHPC columns. The agreement among the experimental and NLFE ultimate load is around 92.2%, with a standard deviation of 0.005 and a coefficient of variation of 0.00002. The nonlinear BFRP–UHPC columns’ structural performance was adequately predicted by the finite element analysis. In addition, equations are employed to forecast the strength of confined concrete. Equation 4 merely produced improved forecasts, it aids in comparing the outcomes of analytical and experimental tests. Results of this study indicated that the UHPC-columns reinforced with BFRP bars offer potential economic and environmental advantages as compared to traditional RC columns.
Generation of double knockout cattle via CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) electroporation
Authors: Gim Gyeong-Min , Eom Kyeong-Hyeon , Kwon Dong-Hyeok , Jung Dae-Jin , Kim Dae-Hyun , Yi Jun-Koo , Ha Jae-Jung , Lee Ji-Hyun , Lee Seong-Beom , Son Woo-Jae , Yum Soo-Young , Lee Won-Wu , Jang Goo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Genome editing has been considered as powerful tool in agricultural fields. However, genome editing progress in cattle has not been fast as in other mammal species, for some disadvantages including long gestational periods, single pregnancy, and high raising cost. Furthermore, technically demanding methods such as microinjection and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) are needed for gene editing in cattle. In this point of view, electroporation in embryos has been risen as an alternative.

Results
First, editing efficiency of our electroporation methods were tested for embryos. Presence of mutation on embryo was confirmed by T7E1 assay. With first combination, mutation rates for MSTN and PRNP were 57.6% ± 13.7% and 54.6% ± 13.5%, respectively. In case of MSTN/BLG, mutation rates were 83.9% ± 23.6% for MSTN, 84.5% ± 18.0% for BLG. Afterwards, the double-KO embryos were transferred to surrogates and mutation rate was identified in resultant calves by targeted deep sequencing. Thirteen recipients were transferred for MSTN/PRNP, 4 calves were delivered, and one calf underwent an induction for double KO. Ten surrogates were given double-KO embryos for MSTN/BLG, and four of the six calves that were born had mutations in both genes.

Conclusions
These data demonstrated that production of genome edited cattle via electroporation of RNP could be effectively applied. Finally, MSTN and PRNP from beef cattle and MSTN and BLG from dairy cattle have been born and they will be valuable resources for future precision breeding.
Preservation evaluation method of Chinese traditional shadow puppet relics based on pixel lattice and membership function
Authors: Lei Xinyi , Li Long , Liu Xinyu , Du Zhiyan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The conservation and preservation of shadow puppet artifacts is an important task that requires accurate assessment of their preservation status. Currently, there are many shadow puppet artifacts in collections with varying degrees of deterioration, and an easy-to-use and accurate deterioration assessment method is urgently needed. To address this, this paper proposes a method to convert the color rendering characteristics of shadow puppet artifacts in two-dimensional images into digital information, which is used to create a pixel lattice in processing software Adobe Photoshop. The quantitative signal of the shadow puppet image is extracted and used to calculate the offset of the overall or local chromaticity of the shadow puppet relative to the average chromaticity, allowing for the assessment of the degree of cortical variation and risk of deterioration. A membership function is established based on the observed values of shadow puppet color in the pixel lattice, and the discrete fuzzy set and its scoring index are specified to assign corresponding weight values to the regions with different chromaticity attributes in the pixel lattice.The method of computing scores using the membership function involves ordinary mathematical operations, the overall scoring values are used to comprehensively evaluate the preservation status of the shadow puppet artifacts. This paper establishes a preliminary technical standard for the preventive conservation evaluation of shadow puppet artifacts using pixel lattice and membership function, providing an important guideline for the quantitative and standardized virtual restoration of shadow puppets. The proposed method provides a new approach to quantitatively assess the preservation status of shadow puppets, which is essential for their efficient scientific conservation.
Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment of congenital parvovirus B19 induced anemia - a case report
Authors: Aronson Stephanie T. , Celiker Mahmut Y. , Guarini Ludovico , Agha Rabia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Parvovirus is a common childhood infection that could be very dangerous to the fetus, if pregnant women become infected. The spectrum of effects range from pure red blood cell aplasia with hydrops fetalis to meningoencephalitis, with many symptoms in between. Severe anemia in the setting of pure red blood cell aplasia is one of the more common effects that neonatal experience (if infected intrapartum), with the current gold standard treatment being intrauterine or postnatal packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions, yet intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may be a superior treatment option.

Case presentation
A preterm infant was born at 26th week of gestational age via emergency Cesarean section due to hydrops fetalis, with parvovirus B19 exposure one month prior. The infant tested positive for IgM antibodies against parvovirus B19. Among many other serious complications of both hydrops fetalis and premature delivery, the infant had severe unremitting anemia, and received many PRBC transfusion over the course of his 71-day-long neonatal intensive care unit stay. During a follow up appointments as outpatient, his blood tests showed persistent high copies of parvovirus B19. He was then supported with PRBC transfusions and treated with IVIG. After three doses of IVIG, the infant’s parvovirus B19 viral copy numbers have dramatically reduced and the infant did not require any more PRBC transfusions.

Conclusions
IVIG infusion effectively treated the parvovirus B19 infection and restored erythropoiesis making the child transfusion independent. Furthermore, since IVIG is safe and readily crosses the placenta, further studies are needed to determine if IVIG should be considered as an alternative prenatal treatment for congenital parvovirus B19 infection.
Promoting knowledge elaboration, socially shared regulation, and group performance in collaborative learning: an automated assessment and feedback approach based on knowledge graphs
Authors: Zheng Lanqin , Long Miaolang , Chen Bodong , Fan Yunchao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOnline collaborative learning is implemented extensively in higher education. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to help learners achieve high-level group performance, knowledge elaboration, and socially shared regulation in online collaborative learning. To cope with these challenges, this study proposes and evaluates a novel automated assessment and feedback approach that is based on knowledge graph and artificial intelligence technologies. Following a quasi-experimental design, we assigned a total of 108 college students into two conditions: an experimental group that participated in online collaborative learning and received automated assessment and feedback from the tool, and a control group that participated in the same collaborative learning activities without automated assessment and feedback. Analyses of quantitative and qualitative data indicated that the introduced automated assessment and feedback significantly promoted group performance, knowledge elaboration, and socially shared regulation of collaborative learning. The proposed knowledge graph-based automated assessment and feedback approach shows promise in providing a valuable tool for researchers and practitioners to support online collaborative learning.
AI-based quantification of whole-body tumour burden on somatostatin receptor PET/CT
Authors: Gålne Anni , Enqvist Olof , Sundlöv Anna , Valind Kristian , Minarik David , Trägårdh Elin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Segmenting the whole-body somatostatin receptor-expressing tumour volume (SRETVwb) on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) images is highly time-consuming but has shown value as an independent prognostic factor for survival. An automatic method to measure SRETVwb could improve disease status assessment and provide a tool for prognostication. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based method to detect and quantify SRETVwb and total lesion somatostatin receptor expression (TLSREwb) from [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC/TATE PET/CT images.

Methods
A UNet3D convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to train an AI model with [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC/TATE PET/CT images, where all tumours were manually segmented with a semi-automatic method. The training set consisted of 148 patients, of which 108 had PET-positive tumours. The test group consisted of 30 patients, of which 25 had PET-positive tumours. Two physicians segmented tumours in the test group for comparison with the AI model.

Results
There were good correlations between the segmented SRETVwb and TLSREwb by the AI model and the physicians, with Spearman rank correlation coefficients of r = 0.78 and r = 0.73, respectively, for SRETVwb and r = 0.83 and r = 0.81, respectively, for TLSREwb. The sensitivity on a lesion detection level was 80% and 79%, and the positive predictive value was 83% and 84% when comparing the AI model with the two physicians.

Conclusion
It was possible to develop an AI model to segment SRETVwb and TLSREwb with high performance. A fully automated method makes quantification of tumour burden achievable and has the potential to be more widely used when assessing PET/CT images.
Procedural applications of total quality management in university education in light of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Idan Mahmoud Fadhel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe current study aimed to establish the basic infrastructure to facilitate the implementation of the procedural applications of total quality management, through the introduction of a fully functional total quality management unit in colleges and scientific departments, in line with internationally recognized standards, by meeting ISO 21001: standards for the requirements of the management system of educational institutions 2018 in light of the coronavirus crisis. A questionnaire was printed including all applications and 40 actions distributed to three categories of volunteers: undergraduate students, graduate students, and faculty members at the university. The current study involved the calculation of several key metrics, including the average number of volunteers, the average level of satisfaction across all choices, and the proportion of overall satisfaction attributable to the mean values observed across all groups. The results indicate a relatively low rating of 15 and a satisfaction level of 25.125 among the sample of undergraduates who participated in the study. In the context of postgraduate education, the scale reached a numerical value of 12.1, resulting in a satisfaction rate of 48.4. The responses or alternatives provided by respected faculty members at the university indicated a high level of confidence and clarity. The results indicate that a large percentage of the respondents 62.322 expressed their satisfaction unequivocally in the categorical response of “exactly yes” with a similar frequency of 8.725. The rationale behind their selection can be attributed to various factors, such as their proximity to the deanship, their great experience in university work, their active participation in decision-making processes, and the limited impact of the Corona pandemic. The satisfaction rate of university professors reached 80.57% overall. The graduate student group ranked second, peaking at 70.56%. In contrast, the statistical figures related to undergraduate students were relatively lower, as they ranked third with a rate of 55.21%.
Fuel treatments in shrublands experiencing pinyon and juniper expansion result in trade-offs between desired vegetation and increased fire behavior
Authors: Williams Claire L. , Ellsworth Lisa M. , Strand Eva K. , Reeves Matt C. , Shaff Scott E. , Short Karen C. , Chambers Jeanne C. , Newingham Beth A. , Tortorelli Claire 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Native pinyon (Pinus spp.) and juniper (Juniperus spp.) trees are expanding into shrubland communities across the Western United States. These trees often outcompete with native sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) associated species, resulting in increased canopy fuels and reduced surface fuels. Woodland expansion often results in longer fire return intervals with potential for high severity crown fire. Fuel treatments are commonly used to prevent continued tree infilling and growth and reduce fire risk, increase ecological resilience, improve forage quality and quantity, and/or improve wildlife habitat. Treatments may present a trade-off; they restore shrub and herbaceous cover and decrease risk of canopy fire but may increase surface fuel load and surface fire potential. We measured the accumulation of surface and canopy fuels over 10 years from ten sites across the Intermountain West in the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project woodland network (www.SageSTEP.org), which received prescribed fire or mechanical (cut and drop) tree reduction treatments. We used the field data and the Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS) in the Fuel and Fire Tools (FFT) application to estimate surface and canopy fire behavior in treated and control plots in tree expansion phases I, II, and III.

Results
Increased herbaceous surface fuel following prescribed fire treatments increased the modeled rate of surface fire spread (ROS) 21-fold and nearly tripled flame length (FL) by year ten post-treatment across all expansion phases. In mechanical treatments, modeled ROS increased 15-fold, FL increased 3.8-fold, and reaction intensity roughly doubled in year ten post-treatment compared to pretreatment and untreated controls. Treatment effects were most pronounced at 97th percentile windspeeds, with modeled ROS up to 82 m min−1 in mechanical and 106 m min−1 in prescribed fire treatments by 10 years post-treatment compared to 5 m min−1 in untreated controls. Crown fire transmissivity risk was eliminated by both fuel treatments.

Conclusions
While prescribed fire and mechanical treatments in shrublands experiencing tree expansion restored understory vegetation and prevented continued juniper and pinyon infilling and growth, these fuel treatments also increased modeled surface fire behavior. Thus, management tradeoffs occur between desired future vegetation and wildfire risk after fuel treatments.