bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of mass and heat transport phenomena of hydromagnetic flow of Casson fluid with sinusoidal boundary conditions
Authors: Islam Md. Rafiqul , Reza‐E‐Rabbi Sk. , Yousuf Ali Md. , Rasel Md. Mehedi Hasan , Ahmmed Sarder Firoz 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA magnetic field might interact with its surroundings, influencing chemical and physical processes in materials processing, heat exchangers, and other scientific study. Therefore, a computational study of non‐Newtonian (Casson) free convective MHD unsteady fluid flow has been highlighted in this article with mass and heat transit property through a vertical infinite porous plate. A sinusoidal boundary conditions as well as chemical reaction and thermal radiation have been considered. Using a collection of nondimensional variables, the flow related equations are also turned into nondimensional form. The EFDM algorithm is employed in order to arrive at a numerical solution via Compaq Visual Fortran. The reliability of the numerical solution has been confirmed using stability testing and convergence analysis. The whole system is convergent when the values of Prandtl number and Lewis number are greater than or equals to 0.075 and 0.025, respectively. A visual depiction of the impact of the pertinent factors on dimensionless velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are displayed through graphical representation as well as with tabular representation. It has been inspected that when the magnetic component is regarded, it greatly affects the heat transfer factors of Casson nanofluid and the heat also rises when Eckert number, heat source and radiation parameter accelerate. It is also found that the Sherwood number is increased as the impact of chemical reaction parameter and the Lewis number, also the skin friction is decreased as the influence of porosity term got accelerated. The comparison of the current findings with the data that were previously published serves as the final stage in validating the present study.
Variability in nutrient composition of the edible long‐horned grasshopper (Ruspolia differens) in Uganda and its potential in alleviating food insecurity
Authors: Kababu Margaret , Mweresa Collins K. , Subramanian Sevgan , Egonyu James P. , Tanga Chrysantus M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRuspolia differens Serville (Orthoptera: Tettigonidae) is a highly nutritious and luxurious insect delicacy that is consumed as a food source in many African countries. However, the nutrient profile of R. differens in different geographical regions have received limited research interest. Here, we provide comprehensive evidence of geographical impact on the nutrient profile of R. differens and its potential to meet the recommended dietary intake of the population. Our results demonstrated that proximate composition, fatty acids, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and flavonoid contents of R. differens collected from five districts in Uganda varied considerably. The crude protein (28–45%), crude fat (41–54%), and energy (582–644 Kj/100 g) contents of R. differens exceed that reported from animal origins. The highest crude protein, crude fat, and carbohydrate contents of R. differens were recorded in Kabale, Masaka, and Kampala, respectively. A total of 37 fatty acids were identified with linoleic acid (omega‐6 fatty acid) being the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in R. differens from Kabale, Masaka, and Mbarara. All essential amino acids were recorded in R. differens, particularly histidine with values exceeding the daily requirement for adults. Mineral and vitamin content differed significantly across the five districts. The highest quantity of flavonoids was recorded in R. differens from Hoima (484 mg/100 g). Our findings revealed that R. differens could be considered as functional food ingredients capable of supplying essential macro‐ and micronutrients that are critical in curbing the rising food insecurity and malnutrition in the regions.
Computational cross‐species views of the hippocampal formation
Authors: Zhu Seren L. , Lakshminarasimhan Kaushik J. , Angelaki Dora E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe discovery of place cells and head direction cells in the hippocampal formation of freely foraging rodents has led to an emphasis of its role in encoding allocentric spatial relationships. In contrast, studies in head‐fixed primates have additionally found representations of spatial views. We review recent experiments in freely moving monkeys that expand upon these findings and show that postural variables such as eye/head movements strongly influence neural activity in the hippocampal formation, suggesting that the function of the hippocampus depends on where the animal looks. We interpret these results in the light of recent studies in humans performing challenging navigation tasks which suggest that depending on the context, eye/head movements serve one of two roles—gathering information about the structure of the environment (active sensing) or externalizing the contents of internal beliefs/deliberation (embodied cognition). These findings prompt future experimental investigations into the information carried by signals flowing between the hippocampal formation and the brain regions controlling postural variables, and constitute a basis for updating computational theories of the hippocampal system to accommodate the influence of eye/head movements.
Promotion of physical activity by health professionals in a sample of six public hospitals: A cross sectional study
Authors: Purcell Kate , Taylor Jennifer , West Kerry , Haynes Abby , Hassett Leanne , Sherrington Cathie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedDespite strong evidence of physical and mental health benefits from physical activity, participation is low. Physical activity promotion by health professionals can effectively increase physical activity participation. This study aimed to explore the frequency of physical activity promotion by health professionals in public hospitals with a focus on community‐based structured exercise; and facilitators and barriers to such promotion.MethodsWe surveyed health professionals (n = 100) from physiotherapy, rheumatology and rehabilitation departments at six public hospitals in Sydney, Australia.ResultsMost common respondent characteristics were physiotherapist (84%), female (68%), aged 25–34 years (45%) and treating older adults (45%). Almost all health professionals (94%) considered themselves physical activity role‐models. Half (53%) reported promoting physical activity frequently/often to their clients. Those working with children with a physical disability (23%) were more likely to promote physical activity (Relative Risk 1.69, 95% CI 1.13–2.51, p = .03), than those working with adults or older adults.Half the physiotherapists (52%) reported providing tailored advice about increasing physical activity frequently/often, but only 20% provided advice about structured physical activity. Barriers reported by physiotherapists were lack of time (51%) and client's access to transport (61%).ConclusionOnly half the health professionals surveyed offered tailored physical activity advice to clients, and advice on structured physical activity was less common.So What?Some promotion of physical activity by health professionals is occurring in hospital settings but more work is needed to embed this within clinical care.
Reach, acceptability and impact of an online parent healthy lifestyle intervention during the COVID‐19 lockdown: A pilot study
Authors: Cranney Leonie , Nguyen Binh , Clare Philip , Maitland Nicola , Wrigley Jessica , Moorhouse Lisa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIssue addressedThere is growing evidence that online parent‐focused child healthy lifestyle interventions can improve healthy eating practices and food environments in the home. Greater understanding of whether and how parents engage with these online interventions is needed. This study evaluated the reach, acceptability and impacts of an online parent healthy lifestyle intervention.MethodsA pilot study was conducted in New South Wales during the COVID‐19 pandemic when stay‐at‐home public health orders were in place (July–August 2021). A concurrent mixed methods design was adopted. Data collection measures were: an online participant survey at baseline, post‐intervention and 3‐month follow‐up; two online post‐intervention focus groups; and web metrics at post‐intervention and 3‐month follow‐up.ResultsThere were 181 intervention participants, primarily mothers with high education levels and living in advantaged areas: 43 (24%) completed surveys post‐intervention; and of these, 35 (81%; 19% of participants) completed surveys at follow‐up. Sixteen mothers participated in focus groups. Parents' knowledge, self efficacy, role modelling and behaviours improved, but there were no significant differences detected over time. Metrics and survey data indicated webinar recordings, particularly the topics of ‘Fussy Eating’ and ‘Screen time and sleep’, had the greatest engagement and most perceived them as useful (93% and 96%, respectively).ConclusionsAn online healthy lifestyle intervention to support parents in providing opportunities for their children to engage in healthier lifestyle behaviours was appealing and acceptable to mothers and has the potential to improve families' healthy lifestyle behaviours. Enhancing intervention reach amongst fathers and priority populations, as well as incorporating design elements to enhance engagement will be important.So what?An online healthy lifestyle intervention reached and engaged parents, despite being faced with additional parenting challenges arising from COVID‐19 stay‐at‐home orders.
Solid waste management in the context of the waste hierarchy and circular economy frameworks: An international critical review
Authors: Awino Florence Barbara , Apitz Sabine E. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Growing populations and consumption drive the challenges of solid waste management (SWM); globalization of transport, food production, and trade, including waste trading, distributes risks worldwide. Using waste hierarchy (WH; reduce, reuse, and recycle) and circular economy (CE) concepts, we updated a conceptual waste framework used by international organizations to evaluate SWM practices. We identified the key steps and the important factors, as well as stakeholders, which are essential features for effective SWM. Within this updated conceptual framework, we qualitatively evaluated global SWM strategies and practices, identifying opportunities, barriers, and best practices. We find that, although a few exceptional countries exhibit zero-waste compliance, most fare poorly, as exhibited by the high waste generation, incineration, and disposal (open dumping, landfilling) volumes. In the Global North, SWM strategies and practices rely heavily on technologies, economic tools, regulatory frameworks, education, and social engagement to raise stakeholder awareness and enhance inclusion and participation; in the Global South, however, many governments take sole legal responsibility for SWM, seeking to eliminate waste as a public “nuisance.” Separation and recycling in the Global South are implemented mainly by “informal” economies in which subsistence needs drive recyclable material retrieval. Imported, regionally inappropriate tools, economic constraints, weak policies and governance, waste trading, noninclusive stakeholder participation, data limitations, and limited public awareness continue to pose major waste and environmental management challenges across nations. In the context of the framework, we conclude that best practices from around the world can be used to guide decision-making, globally. Despite variations in drivers and needs across regions, nations in both the Global North and South need to improve WH and CE compliance, and enhance stakeholder partnership, awareness, and participation throughout the SWM process. Partnerships between the Global North and South could better manage traded wastes, reduce adverse impacts, and enhance global environmental sustainability and equity, supporting UN Sustainable Development Goals. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:9–35. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Mean Arterial Pressure and Cerebral Hemodynamics Across The Lifespan: A Cross‐Sectional Study From Human Connectome Project‐Aging
Authors: Yetim Ezgi , Jacoby John , Damestani Nikou L. , Lovely Allison E. , Salat David H. , Juttukonda Meher R. 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundCerebral perfusion is directly affected by systemic blood pressure, which has been shown to be negatively correlated with cerebral blood flow (CBF). The impact of aging on these effects is not fully understood.PurposeTo determine whether the relationship between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cerebral hemodynamics persists throughout the lifespan.Study TypeRetrospective, cross‐sectional study.PopulationSix hundred and sixty‐nine participants from the Human Connectome Project‐Aging ranging between 36 and 100+ years and without a major neurological disorder.Field Strength/SequenceImaging data was acquired at 3.0 Tesla using a 32‐channel head coil. CBF and arterial transit time (ATT) were measured by multi‐delay pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling.AssessmentThe relationships between cerebral hemodynamic parameters and MAP were evaluated globally in gray and white matter and regionally using surface‐based analysis in the whole group, separately within different age groups (young: <60 years; younger‐old: 60–79 years; oldest‐old: ≥80 years).Statistical TestsChi‐squared, Kruskal‐Wallis, ANOVA, Spearman rank correlation and linear regression models. The general linear model setup in FreeSurfer was used for surface‐based analyses. P < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsGlobally, there was a significant negative correlation between MAP and CBF in both gray (ρ = −0.275) and white matter (ρ = −0.117). This association was most prominent in the younger‐old [gray matter CBF (β = −0.271); white matter CBF (β = −0.241)]. In surface‐based analyses, CBF exhibited a widespread significant negative association with MAP throughout the brain, whereas a limited number of regions showed significant prolongation in ATT with higher MAP. The associations between regional CBF and MAP in the younger‐old showed a different topographic pattern in comparison to young subjects.Data ConclusionThese observations further emphasize the importance of cardiovascular health in mid‐to‐late adulthood for healthy brain aging. The differences in the topographic pattern with aging indicate a spatially heterogeneous relationship between high blood pressure and CBF.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage3
Effect of reclamation years on soil physical, chemical, bacterial, and fungal community compositions in an open‐pit coal mine dump in grassland area of Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Qi Le , Sun Siyuan , Gao Kairu , Ren Weibo , Liu Yalin , Chen Zhe , Yuan Xiaowen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the process of changes in substrate physical, chemical, and biological properties is critical for vegetation ecosystem reconstruction of open‐pit coal mining dumps. However, the relationships of soil chemical, biological, bacterial, and fungal characteristics in open‐pit coal mining dumps in grassland area are still unclear. The purpose of this study is to understand the changes and relationships of soil physic‐chemical, bacterial, and fungal properties under the reclamation time series of open‐pit coal mining dumps. Soil samples were collected from the waste dump reclaimed after 2, 5, 10, and 15 years in Shengli West No. 2 open pit coal mine in Inner Mongolia, China, and the surrounding natural grassland was set as a control at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic matter (SOM), nutrient properties, bacterial, and fungal community structures were measured in the waste dump reclaimed after 2, 5, 10, and 15 years. The results showed that soil pH was decreased at 0–20 cm in the waste dump while SOM was increased by 1.2 times in 0–10 cm reclaimed after 15 years than that after 2 years. Soil EC was decreased by 55.5% and 58.3%, respectively, in 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm, respectively, after 10 years than that after 2 years. Soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were 97.8%, 13.2%, and 60.9% lower after 15 years' reclamation than those in control. The acid phosphatase in 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm was increased by 2.2 and 2.1 times, respectively, after 15 years compared with that after 2 years. Alkaline phosphatase was decreased by 16.8% reclaimed after 15 years than that after 2 years in 10–20 cm soil. The Shannon diversity index of fungi was increased by 42.0% and 43.8%, respectively, in 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm, in the waste dump reclaimed after 15 years than that after 2 years. Soil organic matter was positively correlated with soil urease activity. Soil pH, EC, and texture had different effects on bacterial and fungal communities. Therefore, appropriate measurements should be applied to the reclamation dumps to help the soil properties of reclamation areas to recover to the natural grassland.
On fractional semidiscrete Dirac operators of Lévy–Leblond type
Authors: Faustino Nelson 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a wide class of space‐fractional and time‐fractional semidiscrete Dirac operators of Lévy–Leblond type on the semidiscrete space‐time lattice (), resembling to fractional semidiscrete counterparts of the so‐called parabolic Dirac operators. The methods adopted here are fairly operational, relying mostly on the algebraic manipulations involving Clifford algebras, discrete Fourier analysis techniques as well as standard properties of the analytic fractional semidiscrete semigroup , carrying the parameter constraints and . The results obtained involve the study of Cauchy problems on .
Impact of the Dopamine System on Long‐Term Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson Disease: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Weintraub Daniel , Picillo Marina , Cho Hyunkeun Ryan , Caspell‐Garcia Chelsea , Blauwendraat Cornelis , Brown Ethan G. , Chahine Lana M. , Coffey Christopher S. , Dobkin Roseanne D. , Foroud Tatiana , Galasko Doug , Kieburtz Karl , Marek Kenneth , Merchant Kalpana , Mollenhauer Brit , Poston Kathleen L. , Simuni Tanya , Siderowf Andrew , Singleton Andrew , Seibyl John , Tanner Caroline M. ,   the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the impact of the dopamine system on development of cognitive impairment (CI) in Parkinson disease (PD).ObjectivesWe used data from a multi‐site, international, prospective cohort study to explore the impact of dopamine system‐related biomarkers on CI in PD.MethodsPD participants were assessed annually from disease onset out to 7 years, and CI determined by applying cut‐offs to four measures: (1) Montreal Cognitive Assessment; (2) detailed neuropsychological test battery; (3) Movement Disorder Society‐Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS) cognition score; and (4) site investigator diagnosis of CI (mild cognitive impairment or dementia). The dopamine system was assessed by serial Iodine‐123 Ioflupane dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging, genotyping, and levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) recorded at each assessment. Multivariate longitudinal analyses, with adjustment for multiple comparisons, determined the association between dopamine system‐related biomarkers and CI, including persistent impairment.ResultsDemographic and clinical variables associated with CI were higher age, male sex, lower education, non‐White race, higher depression and anxiety scores and higher MDS‐UPDRS motor score. For the dopamine system, lower baseline mean striatum dopamine transporter values (P range 0.003–0.005) and higher LEDD over time (P range <0.001–0.01) were significantly associated with increased risk for CI.ConclusionsOur results provide preliminary evidence that alterations in the dopamine system predict development of clinically‐relevant, cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. If replicated and determined to be causative, they demonstrate that the dopamine system is instrumental to cognitive health status throughout the disease course.TRIAL REGISTRATIONParkinson's Progression Markers Initiative is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01141023).
Gas‐to‐ionic liquid partition: QSPR modeling and mechanistic interpretation
Authors: Chang Jia‐Xi , Zou Jian‐Wei , Lou Chao‐Yuan , Ye Jia‐Xin , Feng Rui , Li Zi‐Yuan , Hu Gui‐Xiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe present work was devoted to explore the quantitative structure‐property relationships for gas‐to‐ionic liquid partition coefficients (log KILA). A series of linear models were first established for the representative dataset (IL01). The optimal model was a four‐parameter equation (1Ed) consisting of two electrostatic potential‐based descriptors (
and Vs,max), one 2D matrix‐based descriptor (J_D/Dt) and dipole moment (μ). All of the four descriptors introduced in the model can find the corresponding parameters, directly or indirectly, from Abraham's linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) or its theoretical alternatives, which endows the model good interpretability. Gaussian process was utilized to build the nonlinear model. Systematical validations, including 5‐fold cross‐validation for the training set, the validation for test set, as well as a more rigorous Monte Carlo cross‐validation were performed to verify the reliability of the constructed models. Applicability domain of the model was evaluated, and the Williams plot revealed that the model can be used to predict the log KILA values of structurally diverse solutes. The other 13 datasets were also processed in the same way, and all of the linear models with expressions similar to equation 1Ed were obtained. These models, whether linear of nonlinear, represent satisfactory statistical results, which confirms the universality of the method adopted in this study in QSPR modeling of gas‐to‐IL partition.
Using a Metabotype Framework to Deliver Personalized Nutrition Improves Dietary Quality and Metabolic Health Parameters: A 12‐Week Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hillesheim Elaine , Yin Xiaofei , Sundaramoorthy Geetha Priya , Brennan Lorraine 
Published: April 2023

ScopeEffective strategies for tailoring dietary advice to individuals are urgently needed. The effectiveness of personalized nutrition advice delivered using a metabotype framework in improving dietary quality and metabolic health biomarkers compared to population‐level advice is investigated.Materials and resultsA 12‐week parallel randomized controlled trial is performed with 107 healthy adults. Individuals in the personalized group are classified into metabotypes using four markers (triacylglycerol, high‐density lipoprotein [HDL]‐cholesterol, total cholesterol [TC], and glucose) and received dietary advice from decision tree algorithms containing metabotypes characteristics and individual traits. Individuals in the control group received generic dietary advice based on national guidelines. The personalized approach results in higher dietary quality assessed by the Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (effect size [95% confidence interval, CI], 0.77 [0.07, 1.48], 12% versus 3% increase) and significantly lower concentrations of triacylglycerol (−0.17 [−0.28, −0.06] log10 mmol L−1), TC (−0.42 [−0.74, −0.10] mmol L−1), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol (−0.34, [−0.60, −0.09] mmol L−1), and lower triacylglycerol‐glucose index (−0.40, [−0.67, −0.13]). Sixteen phosphatidylcholines and six lysophosphatidylcholines, predominately with chain lengths of 30–36 carbons, are lower in the personalized group.ConclusionsPersonalized nutrition advice delivered using the metabotype framework is effective to improve dietary quality, which could result in reduced CVD risk, and metabolic heath biomarkers.