bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Illiquidity, R&D Investment, and Stock Returns
Authors: AHMED SHAMIM , BU ZIWEN , YE XIAOXIA 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe propose a dynamic model of research and development (R&D) venture, which predicts that the positive relation between the firm's R&D investment and the expected stock returns strengthens with illiquidity. Consistent with the model's prediction, empirical evidence based on cross‐sectional regressions and double‐sorted portfolios largely suggests a stronger and positive R&D–return relation among illiquid stocks. A further analysis shows that the important role of illiquidity in the R&D–return relation cannot be explained by factors, such as financial constraints, innovation ability, and product market competition. Collectively, our results suggest that stock illiquidity is an independent driver of the R&D premium.
Monetary Policy Communication: Perspectives from Former Policymakers at the ECB
Authors: Ehrmann Michael , Holton Sarah , Kedan Danielle , Phelan Gillian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA survey on monetary policy communication among former members of the Governing Council of the European Central Bank (ECB) reveals that enhancing credibility and trust is viewed as the most important objective of communication. Respondents judge communication with financial markets and experts as adequate, but see room for improvement in communicating with the public. The central bank objective is seen as the most important topic. Several respondents perceived the ECB's inflation aim of “below, but close to, 2%” that was in place at the time as ambiguous and in need of clarification. Overall, there is broad consensus on various communication issues.
Spontaneous activity of specific C‐nociceptor subtypes from diabetic patients and mice: Involvement of reactive dicarbonyl compounds and (sensitized) transient receptor potential channel A1
Authors: Becker Anna K. , Babes Alexandru , Düll Miriam M. , Khalil Mohammad , Kender Zoltan , Gröner Jan , Namer Barbara , Reeh Peter W. , Sauer Susanne K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic metabolism causes changes of the chemical milieu including accumulation of reactive carbonyl species, for example, methylglyoxal (MGO). MGO activates chemosensitive TRPA1 on nociceptors, but the contribution to neuronal pathophysiology causing pain and hyperalgesia in diabetic neuropathy is not fully understood.MethodsWe employed single‐nerve‐fiber recordings in type 2 diabetes patients with (spDN) and without cutaneous pain (DN) and in streptozotocin‐diabetic and healthy mice. In mice, we measured Ca++ transients in cultured DRG neurons and stimulated CGRP release from hairy skin.ResultsIn diabetic patients, we recorded a large proportion of pathologically altered nerve C‐fibers (79%). In spDN patients we found a higher percentage (72%) of spontaneously active C‐nociceptors than in DN patients (15%). The proportion of spontaneous activity was highest among pathological fibers with mechanoinsensitive fiber properties which are particularly sensitive to MGO in contrast to mechanosensitive fibers. Mouse polymodal nociceptors, in contrast to purely mechanosensitive C‐fibers, showed highest prevalence of TRPA1‐related chemosensitivity. In diabetic mice about 37% of polymodal nociceptors developed spontaneous activity and exhibited significantly greater MGO responses, indicating sensitized TRPA1 receptors. Low‐threshold mechanosensitive Aδ‐fibers were vigorously activated by MGO but independently of TRPA1 activation.InterpretationOur translational findings suggest that TRPA1‐expressing C‐nociceptors, which in human correspond to mechanoinsensitive and in mice to polymodal nociceptors, are especially vulnerable to develop spontaneous activity. Those two different nociceptor classes might share the functional role as dicarbonyl‐sensitive chemosensors and represent the critical nociceptor population that support the development of pain and hyperalgesia in diabetic neuropathy.
Nephrology‐tailored geriatric assessment as decision‐making tool in kidney failure
Authors: Berkhout‐Byrne Noeleen C. , Voorend Carlijn G. N. , Meuleman Yvette , Mooijaart Simon P. , Brunsveld-Reinders Anja H. , Bos Willem Jan W. , Van Buren Marjolijn 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundDialysis might not benefit all older patients with kidney failure, particularly those with multimorbid conditions and frailty. Patients' and healthcare professionals' awareness of the presence of geriatric impairments could improve outcomes by tailoring treatment plans and decisions for individual patients.ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the perspectives of patients and healthcare professionals on nephrology‐tailored geriatric assessment to fuel decision‐making for treatment choices in older patients with kidney failure.DesignIn an exploratory qualitative study using focus groups, participants discussed perspectives on the use and value of nephrology‐tailored geriatric assessment for the decision‐making process to start or forego dialysis.Participants and MeasurementsPatients (n = 18) with kidney failure, caregivers (n = 4), and professionals (n = 25) were purposively sampled from 10 hospitals. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and inductively analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThree main themes emerged that supported or impeded decision‐making in kidney failure: (1) patient psycho‐social situation; (2) patient‐related factors on modality choice; (3) organisation of health care. Patients reported feeling vulnerable due to multiple chronic conditions, old age, experienced losses in life and their willingness to trade longevity for quality of life. Professionals recognised the added value of nephrology‐tailored geriatric assessment in three major themes: (i) facilitating continual holistic assessment, (ii) filling the knowledge gap, and (iii) uncovering important patient characteristics.Conclusionsnephrology‐tailored geriatric assessment was perceived as a valuable tool to identify geriatric impairments in older patients with kidney failure. Integration of its outcomes can facilitate a more holistic approach to inform choices and decisions about kidney replacement therapy.
A cytoplasmic protein MoJMJD3 can reduce early appressorium formation and fungal virulence in Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Mengyu , Liu Chaotian , Wu Zechi , Luo Zijian , Lu Min , Shi Yingying , Nan Zhangjie , Hu Die , Pan Jinbao , Wang Weixiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMagnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) is a devastating pathogenic fungal disease that has a serious threat to the global rice security. Recently, an in‐depth study of the pathogenic mechanism and developmental process of M. oryzae became a primary model in the study of host–fungal pathogen interactions. Here, we have identified a gene MoJMJD3 (MGG_02032, accession XM_003708733) encoding the JumonjiC (JmjC) domain through bioinformatics analysis in M. oryzae. The ΔMojmjd3 deletion mutants showed defects in early appressorium formation and fungal virulence during pathogenesis. At 4 h after inoculation, the early appressorium formation of ΔMojmjd3 was decreased when compared with that of the wild‐type P131. Analysis of intracellular localization of MoJMJD3 with RFP fluorescence observation showed that MoJMJD3 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of the conidia, appressoria, hyphae, and infective hyphae. Furthermore, by spray inoculation analysis, the ΔMojmjd3deletion mutants reduced virulence on the leaves of rice. These data suggest that MoJMJD3 plays important roles in fungal virulence during pathogenesis in M. oryzae.
Evaluation of responses to immunosuppressive therapy in dogs with suspected non‐regenerative immune‐mediated anaemia: 11 cases (2012‐2018)
Authors: Morishita K. , Sugawara‐Suda M. , Yamazaki J. , Sasaki N. , Nakamura K. , Ohta H. , Takiguchi M. 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the response time to immunosuppressive therapy and time required to achieve a 5% increase in haematocrit among dogs with non‐regenerative immune‐mediated anaemia.Materials and MethodsClient‐owned dogs diagnosed with non‐regenerative immune‐mediated anaemia in Hokkaido University Veterinary Teaching Hospital between December 2012 and May 2018 were enrolled. The first treatment regimen included prednisolone (2 mg/kg/day) and ciclosporin (up to 10 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. Dogs that did not respond to the first regimen proceeded to the second regimen comprising prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil (15 mg/kg, twice a day). Reticulocyte count and haematocrit were monitored every 1 to 2 weeks. Treatment response was defined as an absolute reticulocyte count more than 60×103/μL or increasing haematocrit.ResultsDuring the study period, 23 dogs fulfilled the inclusion criteria for non‐regenerative immune‐mediated anaemia. Twelve dogs were excluded from this study for various reasons and response to therapy was evaluated in the remaining 11 dogs. Treatment responses were observed in 8 of 11 dogs, and the median time to response was 39.5 days (range 8 to 92 days). Two responders were unable to continue the first treatment regimen and were switched to the second regimen owing to anorexia and nausea, possibly induced by ciclosporin; withdrawal of ciclosporin improved their symptoms. The time required to achieve a 5% increase in haematocrit was assessed in the other six dogs, with a median of 55.5 days (range 8 to 135 days).Clinical SignificanceHere we report the response to a standardised treatment protocol in dogs with non‐regenerative immune‐mediated anaemia. Knowledge of potential side effects and expected therapeutic outcomes may be of use for veterinary practitioners treating this condition.
Antibiotic therapy in dogs and cats in general practice in the United Kingdom before referral
Authors: del Solar Bravo R. E. , Sharman M. J. , Raj J. , Scudder C. 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesTo describe antibiotic prescription by veterinarians in general practices in the United Kingdom before referral and analyse if UK antibiotic stewardship guidelines were followed.Materials and MethodsThe clinical records from dogs and cats referred to the Internal Medicine and Oncology departments of two referral hospitals were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsThere were 917 cases included, of which 486 (53.0%) had been prescribed antibiotics for the presentation they were subsequently referred for. Bacterial culture or cytology to guide antibiotic prescription had been performed in 43 of 486 (8.8%) and nine of 486 cases (1.8%) respectively. In four cases, both cytology and culture were performed. For those animals who had received antibiotics, 344 of 486 (70.8%) prescriptions did not comply with UK antibiotic stewardship guidelines. Following investigations at a referral centre, a bacterial aetiology was found or suspected in 17.9% of the cases that received antibiotics.Clinical SignificanceUse of diagnostics, including culture and cytology, to prove or determine the likelihood of a bacterial aetiology was infrequently performed before referral and may have contributed to overprescription of antibiotics. Encouraging veterinarians to undertake appropriate diagnostics, in combination with education around compliance with antibiotic stewardship guidelines, might reduce antibiotic prescription.
Antibiograms of field and hospital acquired equine neonatal bacterial fluid cultures in the Midwestern United States: 149 samples (2007‐2018)
Authors: Bookbinder Lauren C. , Mani Rinosh , Carr Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundContemporary data reflecting local pathogens and their antibiograms is necessary to select empirical antimicrobial therapy for equine neonates.Hypothesis/ObjectivesDescribe bacterial isolates associated with equine neonatal infection and their antibiograms in the Midwestern United States. An increase in gram‐positive infection and antibiotic resistance compared to previous literature was expected.AnimalsData from 149 fluid samples from 133 foals <30 days of age submitted for bacterial culture between January 2007 and December 2018.MethodsA retrospective evaluation of equine neonatal fluid cultures was performed. Fluid submission type, bacterial culture and antibiogram, empirical antibiotic treatment, and foal outcome was included. Isolate susceptibility to individual antimicrobials and combination protocols relevant to equine practice were recorded. The effect of recorded variables on foal survival was evaluated using Fisher's exact or chi‐squared tests.ResultsNinety bacterial isolates (78 aerobes and 12 anaerobes) were identified and gram‐positive organisms predominated (n = 50/90, 56%). Greater than 70% of aerobic isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, ceftiofur, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and all penicillin/aminopenicillin and aminoglycoside combinations. Seventy‐seven (n = 81/105) percent of foals survived. Survival was associated with a negative fluid culture and was not associated with empirical antimicrobial choice.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceGram positive and anaerobic isolates associated with equine neonatal fluid cultures exceed that of previous reports. Historical empirical antimicrobial choices for equine neonatal infection in the Midwestern United States are supported by local antibiogram results.
Modeling nonlinear flutter behavior of long‐span bridges using knowledge‐enhanced long short‐term memory network
Authors: Li Tao , Wu Teng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe nonlinear characteristics of bridge aerodynamics preclude a closed‐form solution of limit‐cycle oscillation (LCO) amplitude and frequency in the post‐flutter stage. To address this issue, a long short‐term memory (LSTM) network is utilized as the reduced‐order modeling of nonlinear aeroelastic forces on the bridge deck section, and it is repeatedly employed to generate force inputs at spanwise nodes of a three‐dimensional (3D) finite element model (FEM) of the long‐span bridge (using spatial beam elements). All LSTM networks are dynamically coupled through FEM, and the 3D nonlinear flutter response is accordingly obtained. To improve the simulation accuracy and reduce the required training data of the standard LSTM network, both general knowledge (motivated by the gating mechanism and mathematical models for information processing) and domain knowledge (resulting from the basic understanding of bridge aerodynamics) are leveraged to, respectively, customize the LSTM cell and network architecture. In addition, a fast‐training algorithm effectively combining the linear convergence of stochastic gradient descent and superlinear convergence of modified Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno is developed to improve the training efficiency of the obtained knowledge‐enhanced LSTM network. To further advance the computational efficiency of the coupled LSTM‐FEM nonlinear flutter analysis, the convolution‐based numerical integration is adopted in the finite element modeling of long‐span bridge dynamics. A case study of a long‐span suspension bridge under strong winds demonstrates the proposed 3D nonlinear flutter analysis presents high simulation efficiency and accuracy and can be utilized to effectively obtain the nonlinear LCO characteristics in a wide range of post‐flutter wind speeds.
Sequential aero‐structural optimization method for efficient bridge design
Authors: Cid Montoya Miguel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe recent development of aero‐structural optimization methods provides a powerful tool to achieve cost‐effective and safe designs for wind‐sensitive structures. However, pursuing holistic formulations involves adopting many design variables and constraints, which increases the computational burden preventing the application of nonlinear methods for accurately assessing aeroelastic responses. This paper proposes a sequential aero‐structural optimization (SASO) method to improve the efficiency of holistic wind‐resistant design optimization of wind‐sensitive structures. The original problem is uncoupled into two standalone optimization problems: a structural size optimization and an aeroelastic shape optimization, linked by an adaptive mapping surrogate and an outer loop. This strategy permits the design‐space dimensionality reduction and avoids the computation of multiple sensitivities with low influence on the design decisions. A long‐span bridge is successfully optimized. The convergence is drastically accelerated by minimizing the number of aeroelastic evaluations, opening the way to implement nonlinear aeroelastic performance‐based design optimization frameworks.
Auxin inhibits lignin and cellulose biosynthesis in stone cells of pear fruit via the PbrARF13‐PbrNSC‐PbrMYB132 transcriptional regulatory cascade
Authors: Xu Shaozhuo , Sun Manyi , Yao Jia‐Long , Liu Xiuxia , Xue Yongsong , Yang Guangyan , Zhu Rongxiang , Jiang Weitao , Wang Runze , Xue Cheng , Mao Zhiquan , Wu Jun 
Published: April 2023

SummaryStone cells are often present in pear fruit, and they can seriously affect the fruit quality when present in large numbers. The plant growth regulator NAA, a synthetic auxin, is known to play an active role in fruit development regulation. However, the genetic mechanisms of NAA regulation of stone cell formation are still unclear. Here, we demonstrated that exogenous application of 200 μM NAA reduced stone cell content and also significantly decreased the expression level of PbrNSC encoding a transcriptional regulator. PbrNSC was shown to bind to an auxin response factor, PbrARF13. Overexpression of PbrARF13 decreased stone cell content in pear fruit and secondary cell wall (SCW) thickness in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. In contrast, knocking down PbrARF13 expression using virus‐induced gene silencing had the opposite effect. PbrARF13 was subsequently shown to inhibit PbrNSC expression by directly binding to its promoter, and further to reduce stone cell content. Furthermore, PbrNSC was identified as a positive regulator of PbrMYB132 through analyses of co‐expression network of stone cell formation‐related genes. PbrMYB132 activated the expression of gene encoding cellulose synthase (PbrCESA4b/7a/8a) and lignin laccase (PbrLAC5) binding to their promotors. As expected, overexpression or knockdown of PbrMYB132 increased or decreased stone cell content in pear fruit and SCW thickness in Arabidopsis transgenic plants. In conclusion, our study shows that the ‘PbrARF13‐PbrNSC‐PbrMYB132’ regulatory cascade mediates the biosynthesis of lignin and cellulose in stone cells of pear fruit in response to auxin signals and also provides new insights into plant SCW formation.
Concurrent acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis in siblings
Authors: Pareek Sumiti , Mohta Alpana , Ghiya Bhikham Chand , Kumar Yogesh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAcute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a rare severe cutaneous adverse reaction triggered in most cases by drugs. It is characterized by abrupt onset and rapid evolution of fields of sterile pustules on an erythematous background. The role of genetic predisposition in this reactive disorder is being explored. We report the simultaneous occurrence of AGEP in two siblings after being exposed to the same drug.
Overcoming neutrality as an organizational learning impediment
Authors: Sweeting Karen D. , Haupt Brittany “Brie” 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article addresses the negative implications of neutrality in bureaucratic systems and public service. Neutrality employs a sameness approach that reinforces impartiality, invisibility, and indifference, resulting in what we term discriminatory blindness. After a brief illustrative review of neutrality in public service, we critique neutrality as an organizational impediment based on its veiled negative implications and disparate outcomes that fail to center the human experience and treat people based on how they are situated to ensure equity in outcomes. We propose a framework to forge ahead with eight actionable types of initiatives and learning constructs to raise the consciousness of public practitioners. We conclude with an action‐oriented and learning‐focused approach.
On the alleged explanatory impotence/conceptual vacuity of substance dualism
Authors: Moreland James 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the last decade, there has been a notable upsurge in property (PD) and generic substance dualism (SD). By SD I mean the view that there is a spiritual substantial soul that is different from but variously related to its body. SD includes Cartesian, certain forms of late Medieval hylomorphic (e.g., Aquinas'), and Haskerian emergent SD. Nevertheless, some form of physicalism remains the majority view in philosophy of mind. Several fairly standard objections have been raised against SD, and SDists have been preoccupied with these objections. As a result, a potent objection has not been given the attention it deserves. The purpose of this article is to fill that lacuna by raising the visibility of this objection and providing plausible responses to it. First, I shall clarify the explanatory–impotence challenge and, second, provide defeaters against it. Note that several of the issues to follow apply both to PD and SD. I will focus mostly on SD, but sometimes PD is a part of the discussion in that certain arguments for and against PD indirectly affect SD. When it is important for me to note that either SD or PD is specifically being addressed, I will notify the reader.
Incorporating learning into direct policy search for flood risk management
Authors: Wang Jingya , Johnson David R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDirect policy search (DPS) is a method for identifying optimal policies (i.e., rules) for managing a system in response to changing conditions. In this article, we introduce a new adaptive way to incorporate learning into DPS. The standard DPS approach identifies “robust” policies by optimizing their average performance over a large ensemble of future states of the world (SOW). Our approach exploits information gained over time, updating prior beliefs about the kind of SOW being experienced. We first run the standard DPS approach multiple times, but with varying sets of weights applied to the SOWs when calculating average performance. Adaptive “metapolicies” then further improve performance by specifying how control of the system should switch between policies identified using different weight sets, depending on our updated beliefs about the relative likelihood of being in certain SOWs. We outline the general method and illustrate it using a case study of efficient dike heightening that simultaneously minimizes protection system costs and flood damage resulting from rising sea levels and storm surge. The solutions identified by our adaptive algorithm dominate the standard DPS on these two objectives, with an average marginal damage reduction of 35.1% for policies with similar costs; improvements are largest in SOWs with relatively lower sea level rise. We also evaluate how performance varies under different ways of implementing the algorithm, such as changing the frequency with which beliefs are updated.