bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Earth’s evolving geodynamic regime recorded by titanium isotopes
Authors: Deng Zhengbin , Schiller Martin , Jackson Matthew G. , Millet Marc-Alban , Pan Lu , Nikolajsen Katrine , Saji Nikitha S. , Huang Dongyang , Bizzarro Martin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEarth’s mantle has a two-layered structure, with the upper and lower mantle domains separated by a seismic discontinuity at about 660 km (refs. 1,2). The extent of mass transfer between these mantle domains throughout Earth’s history is, however, poorly understood. Continental crust extraction results in Ti-stable isotopic fractionation, producing isotopically light melting residues3–7. Mantle recycling of these components can impart Ti isotope variability that is trackable in deep time. We report ultrahigh-precision 49Ti/47Ti ratios for chondrites, ancient terrestrial mantle-derived lavas ranging from 3.8 to 2.0 billion years ago (Ga) and modern ocean island basalts (OIBs). Our new Ti bulk silicate Earth (BSE) estimate based on chondrites is 0.052 ± 0.006‰ heavier than the modern upper mantle sampled by normal mid-ocean ridge basalts (N-MORBs). The 49Ti/47Ti ratio of Earth’s upper mantle was chondritic before 3.5 Ga and evolved to a N-MORB-like composition between approximately 3.5 and 2.7 Ga, establishing that more continental crust was extracted during this epoch. The +0.052 ± 0.006‰ offset between BSE and N-MORBs requires that <30% of Earth’s mantle equilibrated with recycled crustal material, implying limited mass exchange between the upper and lower mantle and, therefore, preservation of a primordial lower-mantle reservoir for most of Earth’s geologic history. Modern OIBs record variable 49Ti/47Ti ratios ranging from chondritic to N-MORBs compositions, indicating continuing disruption of Earth’s primordial mantle. Thus, modern-style plate tectonics with high mass transfer between the upper and lower mantle only represents a recent feature of Earth’s history.
Diversity of myxozoans (Cnidaria) infecting Neotropical fishes in southern Mexico
Authors: Alama-Bermejo Gema , Hernández-Orts Jesús S. , García-Varela Martín , Oceguera-Figueroa Alejandro , Pecková Hana , Fiala Ivan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMyxozoans are a unique group of microscopic parasites that infect mainly fishes. These extremely reduced cnidarians are highly diverse and globally distributed in freshwater and marine habitats. Myxozoan diversity dimension is unknown in Mexico, a territory of an extraordinary biological diversity. This study aimed to explore, for the first time, myxozoan parasite diversity from fishes of the Neotropical region of Mexico. We performed a large morphological and molecular screening using host tissues of 22 ornamental and food fish species captured from different localities of Veracruz, Oaxaca and Chiapas. Myxozoan infections were detected in 90% of the fish species, 65% of them had 1 or 2 and 35% had 3 and up to 8 myxozoan species. Forty-one putative new species were identified using SSU rDNA phylogenetic analyses, belonging to two main lineages: polychaete-infecting (5 species) and oligochaete-infecting (36 species) myxozoans; from those we describe 4 new species:Myxidium zapotecussp. n.,Zschokkella guelaguetzasp. n.,Ellipsomyxa papantlasp. n. andMyxobolus zoqueussp. n. Myxozoan detection increased up to 6 × using molecular screening, which represents 3.7 × more species detected than by microscopy. This study demonstrated that Neotropical fishes from Mexico are hosts of a multitude of myxozoans, representing a source of emerging diseases with large implications for economic and conservation reasons.
Background matching through fast and reversible melanin-based pigmentation plasticity in tadpoles comes with morphological and antioxidant changes
Authors: Liedtke H. Christoph , Lopez-Hervas Karem , Galván Ismael , Polo-Cavia Nuria , Gomez-Mestre Ivan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFacultative colour change is widespread in the animal kingdom, and has been documented in many distantly related amphibians. However, experimental data testing the extent of facultative colour change, and associated physiological and morphological implications are comparatively scarce. Background matching in the face of spatial and temporal environmental variation is thought to be an important proximate function of colour change in aquatic amphibian larvae. This is particularly relevant for species with long larval periods such as the western spadefoot toad, Pelobates cultripes, whose tadpoles spend up to six months developing in temporary waterbodies with temporally variable vegetation. By rearing tadpoles on different coloured backgrounds, we show that P. cultripes larvae can regulate pigmentation to track fine-grained differences in background brightness, but not hue or saturation. We found that colour change is rapid, reversible, and primarily achieved through changes in the quantity of eumelanin in the skin. We show that this increased eumelanin production and/or maintenance is also correlated with changes in morphology and oxidative stress, with more pigmented tadpoles growing larger tail fins and having an improved redox status.
Hemodynamic parameters impact the stability of distal stent graft-induced new entry
Authors: Wang Kaihong , Armour Chlӧe H. , Ma Tao , Dong Zhihui , Xu Xiao Yun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStent graft-induced new entry tear (SINE) is a serious complication in aortic dissection patients caused by the stent-graft itself after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). The stability of SINE is a key indicator for the need and timing of reinterventions. This study aimed to understand the role of hemodynamics in SINE stability by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis based on patient-specific anatomical information. Four patients treated with TEVAR who developed a distal SINE (dSINE) were included; two patients had a stable dSINE and two patients experienced expansion of the dSINE upon follow-up examinations. CFD simulations were performed on geometries reconstructed from computed tomography scans acquired upon early detection of dSINE in these patients. Computational results showed that stable dSINEs presented larger regions with low time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) and high relative residence time (RRT), and partial thrombosis was observed at subsequent follow-ups. Furthermore, significant systolic antegrade flow was observed in the unstable dSINE which also had a larger retrograde flow fraction (RFF) on the SINE plane. In conclusion, this pilot study suggested that high RRT and low TAWSS may indicate stable dSINE by promoting thrombosis, whereas larger RFF and antegrade flows inside dSINE might be associated with its expansion.
Feasibility analysis of treating breast cancer patients with breast-conserving surgery via a periareolar incision combined with non-lipolytic suspension-type mastoscopy
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , He Guijin , Zhang Yiwen , Wong Michael Pak-kai , Chu Jun , Kong Linna , Yahya Maya Mazuwin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe purpose is to analyze and compare postoperative recovery and complication incidence between a periareolar incision combined with Suspension-type Mastoscopic Axillary Lymph Node Dissection (SMALND) and traditional inflated Mastoscopic Axillary Lymph Node Dissection (MALND). This was a randomized trial conducted from June 1, 2020, to April 30, 2022, in the Department of Second Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, and the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, in accordance with the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. Overall, 126 patients diagnosed and treated for early-stage breast cancer were selected to undergo periareolar-incision breast-conserving surgery. Those patients who underwent periareolar-incision surgery combined with SMALND formed the observation group (SMALND Group), while those who underwent periareolar-incision surgery combined with traditional inflation became MALND Group. In the two groups, paired data “t” was used to examine, analyze, and compare the postoperative daily drainage volume and drain removal time, while paired data “χ2” was used to examine, analyze, and compare the incidences of postoperative upper limb edema and paresthesia. There were 64 cases in the SMALND Group and 62 cases in the MALND Group. Between the two clusters, no differences were found in age, clinical staging, BMI, and breast cancer classification (P > 0.05). The intraoperative surgery time of the SMALND Group was 43.37 ± 6.27 min while that of the MALND Group was longer: 45.72 ± 4.25 min (P < 0.05). The intraoperative hemorrhage volume of the SMALND Group was 88.33 ± 16.79 ml, less than that of the MALND Group: 96.76 ± 26.85 ml (P < 0.05). The postoperative axillary mean daily drainage volume of the SMALND Group was 38.17 ± 5.55 ml, less than that of the MALND Group: 40.72 ± 7.25 ml (P < 0.05). The drain removal time of the SMALND Group was 7.50 ± 1.60, less than that of the MALND Group: 9.00 ± 1.80 (P < 0.05). The upper limb edema incidence rate of the SMALND Group was 3.12% (2/64) and had no obvious difference from the MALND Group, which was 4.83% (3/62) (P = 0.62). The paresthesia incidence rate of the SMALND Group was 18.75% (12/64), while that of the MALND Group was 17.7% (11/62), without an obvious difference (P = 0.88). For axillary lymph node dissection, the use of non-lipolytic suspension-type mastoscopy has reduced the intraoperative hemorrhage volume of patients, shortened surgery time and postoperative recovery time, saved treatment expenses for patients, and avoided complications such as hypercapnia and subcutaneous emphysema caused by traditional inflated mastoscopic surgery. Moreover, it has not increased the incidence of postoperative upper limb edema and paresthesia, supporting its safety and effectiveness.
High-risk human papillomavirus genotyping in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance
Authors: Ittiamornlert Pornporm , Jareemit Nida , Phianpiset Rattiya , Kuljarusnont Sompop , Hanamornroongruang Suchanan , Horthongkham Navin , Khajorndumrongcherdkul Pornnida , Ruengkhachorn Irene 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe conducted a prospective study to evaluate the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) positivity in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US). Additionally, we assessed the association of hr-HPV positivity with the pathology of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or worse (HSIL+) and the risk of subsequent detection of squamous intraepithelial lesions. A total of 376 women were included, with 242 (64.4%) exhibiting hr-HPV positivity. The predominant HPV genotypes were 16, 52 and 58. Factors associated with the immediate detection of HSIL+ pathology included a colposcopic impression of high-grade lesions, hr-HPV positivity, HPV 16 positivity, HPV 18 positivity, HPV 58 positivity, age less than 40 years, and biopsy of two or more pieces. However, only the first three factors were statistically significant in multivariate analysis. Among the 291 women who continued surveillance for 6 months or more, the median follow-up period was 41.8 months (interquartile range [IQR] 26.5–54.0). The prevalence of subsequent HSIL in women with hr-HPV positivity versus negativity was 3.6% versus 0.98%, respectively. The median time to the subsequent detection of SIL was 28.7 months (IQR 14.9–41.7). In conclusion, women with ASC-US in our study had a high proportion of hr-HPV positivity. Type-specific HPV testing could play a pivotal role in the development of specific management protocols for women with ASC-US.Clinical trial registration: https://thaiclinicaltrials.org, TCTR20161017002.
Efficacy of hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy for initially diagnosed lung cancer with symptomatic malignant pleural effusion
Authors: Li Zihui , Deng Jie , Yan Fei , Liu Li , Ma Yanling , Sun Jianhai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInitially diagnosed malignant pleural effusion (MPE) has different systematic treatments, and defining the best drainage regimen according to the responsiveness of MPE to different systematic treatments is important. This study compared the efficacy of hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy (HITHOC) and pleural catheter drainage (IPCD) for initially diagnosed lung cancer with symptomatic MPE. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of initially diagnosed lung cancer patients with symptomatic MPE between January 2018 and May 2022. The patients were treated with IPCD or HITHOC for local control of MPE after diagnosis. Systematic regimens were conducted during 1 month according to guidelines after local treatment. Intrathoracic MPE progression-free survival (iPFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated, Univariate and multivariable Cox-regression were used to identify factors associated with iPFS and OS. A total of 33 patients were evaluated; 10 (30.3%) patients received IPCD, and 23 (69.7%) patients received HITHOC. No difference in the MPE control rate at 1 month was found between the IPCD group (90%) and HITHOC group (95.7%). However, this control rate was significantly higher in the HITHOC group (69.6%) than in the IPCD group (30%) at 3 months (P = 0.035). Multivariate analysis showed that receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or chemotherapy was a significant protective factor for iPFS (HR = 0.376, 95% CI 0.214–0.659, P = 0.007) and OS (HR = 0.321, 95% CI 0.174–0.594, P < 0.001). According to subgroup analysis, among patients treated with TKIs, those who received HITHOC had longer iPFS and OS than those who received IPCD (P = 0.011 and P = 0.002, respectively), but this difference was not found in the palliative care subgroup. Moreover, no patients treated with chemotherapy showed reaccumulation of MPE. Systematic TKIs or chemotherapy prolonged iPFS and OS for those initially diagnosed with lung cancer with symptomatic MPE. HITHOC prolonged iPFS and OS for those treated with systematic TKIs.
Time interval between breast cancer diagnosis and surgery is associated with disease outcome
Authors: Zhu Siji , Li Shuai , Huang Jiahui , Fei Xiaochun , Shen Kunwei , Chen Xiaosong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTime interval between breast cancer (BC) diagnosis and surgery is of concern to patients and clinicians, but its impact on survival remains unclear. We identified 5130 BC patients receiving surgery between 2009 and 2017 from the Shanghai Jiaotong University Breast Cancer Database (SJTU-BCDB), and divided as Ruijin cohort and SJTU cohort. All participants were divided into three groups according to the interval between diagnosis and surgery: ≤ 1 week, 1–2 weeks, and > 2 weeks. Among 3144 patients of Ruijin cohort, the estimated 5-year breast cancer-free interval (BCFI) rates for the ≤ 1 week, 1–2 weeks and > 2 weeks groups were 91.8%, 87.5%, and 84.0% (P = 0.088), and the estimated 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 95.6%, 89.6%, and 91.5% (P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that patients with a TTS > 2 weeks had significantly lower BCFI (HR = 1.80, 95%CI 1.05–3.11, P = 0.034) and OS (HR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.04–4.13, P = 0.038) rates than patients with a TTS ≤ 1 week. Among 5130 patients when combining Ruijin cohort with SJTU cohort, the estimated 5-year BCFI rates for the ≤ 1 week, 1–2 weeks, and > 2 weeks groups were 91.0%, 87.9%, and 78.9%, and the estimated 5-year OS rates for the ≤ 1 week, 1–2 weeks, and > 2 weeks groups were 95.8%, 90.6%, and 91.5%, both with a significantly p value < 0.001. Our findings demonstrated the prolonged time to surgery (more than 2 weeks) after BC diagnosis was associated with poor disease outcomes, suggesting that efforts to early initiate treatment after diagnosis need to be pursued where possible to improve survival.
Remediation potential of mining, agro-industrial, and urban wastes against acid mine drainage
Authors: Aguilar-Garrido Antonio , Paniagua-López Mario , Sierra-Aragón Manuel , Martínez Garzón Francisco Javier , Martín-Peinado Francisco José 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAcid mine drainage (AMD) poses serious consequences for human health and ecosystems. Novel strategies for its treatment involve the use of wastes. This paper evaluates the remediation potential of wastes from urban, mining and agro-industrial activities to address acidity and high concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in AMD. Samples of these waste products were spiked with an artificially prepared AMD, then pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and PTE concentrations in the leachates were measured. The artificial AMD obtained through oxidation of Aznalcóllar’s tailing showed an ultra-acid character (pH − 2.89 ± 0.03) and extreme high electrical conductivity (EC − 3.76 ± 0.14 dS m−1). Moreover, most PTE were above maximum regulatory levels in natural and irrigation waters. Wastes studied had a very high acid neutralising capacity, as well as a strong capacity to immobilise PTE. Inorganic wastes, together with vermicompost from pruning, reduced most PTE concentrations by over 95%, while organic wastes retained between 50 and 95%. Thus, a wide range of urban, mining, and agro-industrial wastes have a high potential to be used in the treatment of AMD. This study provides valuable input for the development of new eco-technologies based on the combination of wastes (eg. Technosols, permeable reactive barriers) to remediate degraded environments.
A multimodal comparison of latent denoising diffusion probabilistic models and generative adversarial networks for medical image synthesis
Authors: Müller-Franzes Gustav , Niehues Jan Moritz , Khader Firas , Arasteh Soroosh Tayebi , Haarburger Christoph , Kuhl Christiane , Wang Tianci , Han Tianyu , Nolte Teresa , Nebelung Sven , Kather Jakob Nikolas , Truhn Daniel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlthough generative adversarial networks (GANs) can produce large datasets, their limited diversity and fidelity have been recently addressed by denoising diffusion probabilistic models, which have demonstrated superiority in natural image synthesis. In this study, we introduce Medfusion, a conditional latent DDPM designed for medical image generation, and evaluate its performance against GANs, which currently represent the state-of-the-art. Medfusion was trained and compared with StyleGAN-3 using fundoscopy images from the AIROGS dataset, radiographs from the CheXpert dataset, and histopathology images from the CRCDX dataset. Based on previous studies, Progressively Growing GAN (ProGAN) and Conditional GAN (cGAN) were used as additional baselines on the CheXpert and CRCDX datasets, respectively. Medfusion exceeded GANs in terms of diversity (recall), achieving better scores of 0.40 compared to 0.19 in the AIROGS dataset, 0.41 compared to 0.02 (cGAN) and 0.24 (StyleGAN-3) in the CRMDX dataset, and 0.32 compared to 0.17 (ProGAN) and 0.08 (StyleGAN-3) in the CheXpert dataset. Furthermore, Medfusion exhibited equal or higher fidelity (precision) across all three datasets. Our study shows that Medfusion constitutes a promising alternative to GAN-based models for generating high-quality medical images, leading to improved diversity and less artifacts in the generated images.
Individual light history matters to deal with the Antarctic summer
Authors: Castillo Julieta , Tonon André C. , Hidalgo María Paz , Silva Ana , Tassino Bettina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe effect of light, main zeitgeber of the circadian system, depends on the time of day it is received. A brief trip to the Antarctic summer (ANT) allowed us to explore the impact of a sudden and synchronized increase in light exposure on activity-rest rhythms and sleep patterns of 11 Uruguayan university students, and to assess the significance of light history in determining individual circadian phase shift. Measurements collected in the peri-equinox in Montevideo, Uruguay (baseline situation, MVD) and in ANT, included sleep logs, actigraphy, and salivary melatonin to determine dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO), the most reliable marker of circadian phase. The increase in light exposure in ANT with respect to MVD (affecting both light-sensitive windows with opposite effects on the circadian phase) resulted in no net change in DLMO among participants as some participants advanced their DLMO and some others delayed it. The ultimate cause of each participant’s distinctive circadian phase shift relied on the unique change in light exposure each individual was subjected to between their MVD and ANT. This study shows an association between the individual light history and the circadian phase shift.
Influence of duck eggshell powder modifications by the calcination process or addition of iron (III) oxide-hydroxide on lead removal efficiency
Authors: Praipipat Pornsawai , Ngamsurach Pimploy , Tannadee Rattanaporn 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLead-contaminated wastewater causes toxicity to aquatic life and water quality for water consumption, so it is required to treat wastewater to be below the water quality standard before releasing it into the environment. Duck eggshell powder (DP), duck eggshell powder mixed iron (III) oxide-hydroxide (DPF), calcinated duck eggshell powder (CDP), and calcinated duck eggshell powder mixed iron (III) oxide-hydroxide (CDPF) were synthesized, characterized, and investigated lead removal efficiencies by batch experiments, adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and desorption experiments. CDPF demonstrated the highest specific surface area and pore volume with the smallest pore size than other materials, and they were classified as mesoporous materials. DP and DPF demonstrated semi-crystalline structures with specific calcium carbonate peaks, whereas CDP and CDPF illustrated semi-crystalline structures with specific calcium oxide peaks. In addition, the specific iron (III) oxide-hydroxide peaks were detected in only DPF and CDPF. Their surface structures were rough with irregular shapes. All materials found carbon, oxygen, and calcium, whereas iron, sodium, and chloride were only found in DPF and CDPF. All materials were detected O–H, C=O, and C–O, and DPF and CDPF were also found Fe–O from adding iron (III) oxide-hydroxide. The point of zero charges of DP, DPF, CDP, and CDPF were 4.58, 5.31, 5.96, and 6.75. They could adsorb lead by more than 98%, and CDPF illustrated the highest lead removal efficiency. DP and CDP corresponded to the Langmuir model while DPF and CDPF corresponded to the Freundlich model. All materials corresponded to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Moreover, they could be reusable for more than 5 cycles for lead adsorption of more than 73%. Therefore, CDPF was a potential material to apply for lead removal in industrial applications.
Development of rat duodenal monolayer model with effective barrier function from rat organoids for ADME assay
Authors: Tanaka Kai , Kawai Shigeto , Fujii Etsuko , Yano Masumi , Miyayama Takashi , Nakano Kiyotaka , Terao Kimio , Suzuki Masami 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe in-depth analysis of the ADME profiles of drug candidates using in vitro models is essential for drug development since a drug’s exposure in humans depends on its ADME properties. In contrast to efforts in developing human in vitro absorption models, only a limited number of studies have explored models using rats, the most frequently used species in in vivo DMPK studies. In this study, we developed a monolayer model with an effective barrier function for ADME assays using rat duodenal organoids as a cell source. At first, we developed rat duodenal organoids according to a previous report, but they were not able to generate a confluent monolayer. Therefore, we modified organoid culture protocols and developed cyst-enriched organoids; these strongly promoted the formation of a confluent monolayer. Furthermore, adding valproic acid to the culture accelerated the differentiation of the monolayer, which possessed an effective barrier function and apicobasal cell polarity. Drug transporter P-gp function as well as CYP3A activity and nuclear receptor function were confirmed in the model. We expect our novel monolayer model to be a useful tool for elucidating drug absorption processes in detail, enabling the development of highly absorbable drugs.