bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twenty-year experience of aortic valve reimplantation using the Valsalva graft
Authors: Chirichilli Ilaria , Scaffa Raffaele , Irace Francesco Giosuè , Salica Andrea , Weltert Luca Paolo , D’Aleo Salvatore , Chiariello Luigi , De Paulis Ruggero 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOBJECTIVESOver the past 20 years, valve-sparing aortic root replacement has aroused increasing interest because of a progressive attitude towards the preservation of natural tissue. Aortic reimplantation is the most used technique to spare the valve, allowing simultaneously aortic root replacement and aortic annular stabilization. The reimplantation into a graft with sinuses guarantees an optimal anatomic and functional reconstruction with established good results at 15 years. The aim of this study is to report the world longest follow-up (up to 20 years) of aortic valve reimplantation using the Valsalva graft.METHODSFrom February 2000 to December 2021, 265 consecutive patients with aortic root aneurysm received aortic valve reimplantation using the Valsalva graft. From 2018, leaflet plication with the routine use of calliper was performed. For each patient, we performed both intraoperative and post-procedural transoesophageal echocardiography. All patients were followed with clinical assessment and echocardiography. The mean duration of follow-up was 85 ± 63 months.RESULTSThe study cohort had a median age of 55 ± 18 and 87.2% were male. The aortic root aneurysm was associated to bicuspid aortic valve in 18.9% of patients and to Marfan syndrome in 10.6% of cases. 55.9% had an aortic regurgitation ≥ 2+. Overall survival at 15 was 87.6 ± 3.4. Freedom from cardiac death was stable at 99.6 ± 0.4 at 5, 10 and 15 years. Freedom from recurrent AR ≥3+ and freedom from reoperation remained stable at 10 and 15 years at 92.2 ± 2.1 and 95.9 ± 1.6, respectively. There was a minimal incidence of infective endocarditis (0.8%), thromboembolism (2.2%) and haemorrhage (2.0%). Six out of 7 patients requiring reoperation had surgery in the first period of our experience (last in 2004). Early suboptimal results had a negative effect on residual aortic regurgitation. Moreover, we hypothesized that the routine use of calliper may have contributed to a further improvement of the outcome, even if these data need to be confirmed by a longer follow-up.CONCLUSIONSThe first long-term follow-up after aortic valve reimplantation using the Valsalva graft demonstrated excellent results. These long-term results gradually improved with learning curve, remaining stable during the second decade of observation. The systematic use of calliper may have contributed to a further improvement of the outcome.
Cardiometabolic multimorbidity and incident dementia: the Swedish twin registry
Authors: Dove Abigail , Guo Jie , Marseglia Anna , Fastbom Johan , Vetrano Davide Liborio , Fratiglioni Laura , Pedersen Nancy L , Xu Weili 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Aims
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), including diabetes, heart disease, and stroke, are established risk factors for dementia, but their combined impact has been investigated only recently. This study aimed to examine the association between mid- and late-life cardiometabolic multimorbidity and dementia and explore the role of genetic background in this association.

Methods and results
Within the Swedish Twin Registry, 17 913 dementia-free individuals aged ≥60 were followed for 18 years. CMDs [including age of onset in mid (60) or late (≥60) life] and dementia were ascertained from medical records. Cardiometabolic multimorbidity was defined as having ≥2 CMDs. Cox regression was used to estimate the CMD–dementia association in (i) a classical cohort study design and (ii) a co-twin study design involving 356 monozygotic and dizygotic pairs. By comparing the strength of the association in the two designs, the contribution of genetic background was estimated. At baseline, 3,312 (18.5%) participants had 1 CMD and 839 (4.7%) had ≥2 CMDs. Over the follow-up period, 3,020 participants developed dementia. In the classic cohort design, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of dementia was 1.42 (1.27–1.58) for 1 CMD and 2.10 (1.73–2.57) for ≥2 CMDs. Dementia risk was stronger with mid-life as opposed to late-life CMDs. In the co-twin design, the CMD–dementia association was attenuated among monozygotic [0.99 (0.50–1.98)] but not dizygotic [1.55 (1.15–2.09)] twins, suggesting that the association was in part due to genetic factors common to both CMDs and dementia.

Conclusion
Cardiometabolic multimorbidity, particularly in mid-life, is associated with an increased risk of dementia. Genetic background may underpin this association.
COVID-19 on the Nile: a cross-sectional investigation of COVID-19 among Nile River cruise travellers returning to the United States, February–March 2020
Authors: Guagliardo Sarah Anne J , Quilter Laura A S , Uehara Anna , White Stefanie B , Talarico Sarah , Tong Suxiang , Paden Clinton R , Zhang Jing , Li Yan , Pray Ian , Novak Ryan T , Fukunaga Rena , Rodriguez Andrea , Medley Alexandra M , Wagner Riley , Weinberg Michelle , Brown Clive M ,   US State and Local Departments of Health, Bandy Utpala , Barter Devra , Bateman Allen , Bhatt Premal , Blankenship Heather M , Blanton Jason , Chan Philip A , Colón Ana , Gumke Megan , Johnson Shannon , Kolsin Jonathan , Salmanson Amelia Prebish , Rakeman Jennifer L , Schmedes Sarah E , Schroeder Betsy , Shockey Abigail , Snyder Robert E , Sockwell Denise C , Villarino Elsa , Friedman Cindy R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Early in the pandemic, cruise travel exacerbated the global spread of SARS-CoV-2. We report epidemiologic and molecular findings from an investigation of a cluster of travellers with confirmed COVID-19 returning to the USA from Nile River cruises in Egypt.

Methods
State health departments reported data on real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19 cases with a history of Nile River cruise travel during February–March 2020 to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Demographic and epidemiologic data were collected through routine surveillance channels. Sequences were obtained either from state health departments or from the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Flu Data (GISAID). We conducted descriptive analyses of epidemiologic data and explored phylogenetic relationships between sequences.

Results
We identified 149 Nile River cruise travellers with confirmed COVID-19 who returned to 67 different US counties in 27 states: among those with complete data, 4.7% (6/128) died and 28.1% (38/135) were hospitalized. These individuals travelled on 20 different Nile River cruise voyages (12 unique vessels). Fifteen community transmission events were identified in four states, with 73.3% (11/15) of these occurring in Wisconsin (as the result of a more detailed contact investigation in that state). Phylogenetic analyses supported the hypothesis that travellers were most likely infected in Egypt, with most sequences in Nextstrain clade 20A 93% (87/94). We observed genetic clustering by Nile River cruise voyage and vessel.

Conclusions
Nile River cruise travellers with COVID-19 introduced SARS-CoV-2 over a very large geographic range, facilitating transmission across the USA early in the pandemic. Travellers who participate in cruises, even on small river vessels as investigated in this study, are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Therefore, history of river cruise travel should be considered in contact tracing and outbreak investigations.
Impact of cosmic rays on the global 21-cm signal during cosmic dawn
Authors: Bera Ankita , Samui Saumyadip , Datta Kanan K 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
It is extremely important to understand the processes through which the thermal state of the inter-galactic medium (IGM) evolved in the early universe in order to study the evolution of HI 21-cm signal during cosmic dawn. Here, we consider the heating of the IGM due to cosmic ray (CR) protons generated by the supernovae from both early Pop III and Pop II stars. The low energy CR (cr protons from Pop III supernovae can escape from minihalos and heat the IGM via collision and ionization of hydrogen. Furthermore, high-energy protons generated in Pop II supernovae can escape the hosting halos and heat the IGM via magnetosonic Alfvén waves. We show that the heating due to these CR particles can significantly impact the IGM temperature and hence the global 21-cm signal at z ∼ 14−18. The depth, location, and duration of the 21-cm absorption profile are highly dependent on the efficiencies of CR heating. In particular, the Experiment to Detect the Epoch of Reionization Signature signal can be well fitted by the CR heating along with the Lyman-α coupling and the dark matter--baryon interaction that we consider to achieve a ‘colder IGM background’. Further, we argue that the properties of CRs and the nature of first generation of stars could be constrained by accurately measuring the global 21-cm absorption signal during the cosmic dawn.
Pre-implantation mouse embryo movement under hormonally altered conditions
Authors: Lufkin Hannah , Flores Diana , Raider Zachary , Madhavan Manoj , Dawson Madeline , Coronel Anna , Sharma Dhruv , Arora Ripla 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPre-implantation embryo movement is crucial to pregnancy success, but the role of ovarian hormones in modulating embryo movement is not understood. We ascertain the effects of altered hormonal environment on embryo location using two delayed implantation mouse models: natural lactational diapause (ND); and artificially induced diapause (AD), a laboratory version of ND generated by ovary removal and provision of supplemental progesterone (P4). Previously, we showed that embryos in a natural pregnancy (NP) first display unidirectional clustered movement, followed by bidirectional scattering and spacing movement. In the ND model, we discovered that embryos are present as clusters near the oviductal–uterine junction for ∼24 h longer than NP, followed by locations consistent with a unidirectional scattering and spacing movement. Intriguingly, the AD model resembles embryo location in NP and not ND. When measuring serum hormone levels, unlike the popular paradigm of reduced estrogen (E2) levels in diapause, we observed that E2 levels are comparable across NP, ND and AD. P4 levels are reduced in ND and highly increased in AD when compared to NP. Further, exogenous administration of E2 or P4 modifies embryo location during the unidirectional phase, while E2 treatment also affects embryo location in the bidirectional phase. Taken together, our data suggest that embryo movement can be modulated by both P4 and E2. Understanding natural hormonal adaptation in diapause provides an opportunity to determine key players that regulate embryo location, thus impacting implantation success. This knowledge can be leveraged to understand pregnancy survival and implantation success in hormonally altered conditions in the clinic.
Who Is Being Silenced?: Sociocultural and Privilege Dynamics Within Music Therapy Education
Authors: Gombert Debra Jelinek 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This phenomenological study brought a critical lens to the views and contexts of seven music therapists. Semi-structured interviews examined participants’ experiences of the sociocultural and privilege dynamics within music therapy education. Purposive sampling allowed the researcher to center the perspectives of participants who collectively described themselves with intersections of the following identities: black, white, Latinx, Chinese, South East Asian, male, female, non-binary, disabled, non-disabled, straight, pansexual, and one self-identified dyke. An iterative inductive analysis revealed several emergent themes related to inequity and the decentering of minoritized voices within music therapy: the theme A Very White Lens focused on a Eurocentric approach in education and practice that, by failing to acknowledge and center a variety of perspectives, reduces equitable access to both students and clients; Silenced Experiences of Minoritized Voices included participant experiences of anti-Blackness, white privilege, and white fragility within music therapy; When Does Culture Matter? captured responses to and the dangers of an approach that ignores cultural differences; and How We Talk About Culture included concerns and suggestions about the structure of the discourse around cultural intersections, privilege, and race in music therapy education and practice. These findings bring to light some of the structures of power and privilege at the core of music therapists’ education and training. Themes highlighted in this paper center the experiences of individuals who belong to minoritized populations and in so doing, emphasize the need to listen to a greater diversity of voices in the conversation about equity and inclusion in music therapy.
(Un)Learning from Experience: An Exposition of Minoritized Voices on Music Therapy Training
Authors: Myerscough Francis , Wong Denise 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Having met teaching at a local university around inclusive healthcare practice, the authors came together to write a reflective exploration of our experiences as minoritized music therapy trainees in the United Kingdom (UK). This subject has received limited attention in music therapy publications, in particular with the attention to the intersectionality of multiple and/or different axes of oppression. Originally from Hong Kong, Denise came to the UK a decade ago; she shared her experiences in navigating incidents of discrimination and microaggression while living in the UK. Francis considered how their experience of training was impacted by their positioning as someone transgender (trans), queer, and disabled, and by other aspects of their life history. We devised an interview schedule upon which to base a shared discussion and identified themes arising, which we analyze here. The themes discussed are self, self-experience & self-presentation; insider–outsider; inequity & minoritized labor; landscape of minority stress; power & institutional culture; fear & negative impacts; communication & feedback; positive experiences; and personal growth & reflexivity. In particular, we emphasize the importance of reflexivity both at the trainers’ individual level and the level of the wider training institution. This requires a commitment to sustained learning and improvement within and beyond training across the profession.
The multilayered hierarchical gene regulatory network reveals interaction of transcription factors in response to cadmium inTamarix hispidaroots
Authors: Xie Qingjun , Wang Yuanyuan , Wang Danni , Li Jinghang , Liu Baichao , Liu Zhongyuan , Wang Peilong , Zhang Hao , Yang Kaiye , Gao Caiqiu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal that affects the normal growth and development of plants. Roots may directly contact Cd and thus serve as the first barrier in the defense responses of plants. In this study, Tamarix hispida (T. hispida) roots treated with 150 μM CdCl2 were collected for RNA-seq. A total of 2004 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at different time points. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment revealed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis and other metabolic pathways. To explore the regulatory role of transcription factors (TFs) involved in the Cd stress response, a multilayer hierarchical gene regulatory network (ML-hGRN) was constructed, including 53 TFs and 54 structural genes in ML-hGRN, with 341 predicted regulatory relationships. Binding of DRE1A, MYC1, FEZ, ERF4 and ERF17 to predicted target genes was detected by ChIP-PCR, and DRE1A, MYC1 and FEZ were transiently overexpressed in T. hispida. The results suggest that these TFs play a key role in the Cd stress response by scavenging reactive oxygen species. In conclusion, this study predicts some Cd-responsive TFs that may have an important function under Cd stress and provides useful information for molecular breeding.
Environmental factors and building conditions for risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the northeast of Iran: a population-based case–control study
Authors: Shahryari Ali , Charkazi Abdurrhman , Rajabi Abdolhalim 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Leishmaniasis is a tropical disease that significantly affects countries in the developing world. This study evaluated the environmental factors and building conditions associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in northeast Iran.

Methods
A population-based case–control study was performed between 1 July 2018 and 1 March 2021 in northeast Iran; two controls were selected for each case. Patients and controls were compared for environmental factors, building conditions and demographic characteristics.

Results
There were 170 confirmed leishmaniasis cases during the study period. Familiarity with people with active leishmaniasis in open areas of the body increased the odds of getting the disease (odds ratio [OR] 2.41 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.18 to 4.93]). In the case group, the history of contact with animals such as sheep, goats, cows, mice and camels was significantly higher. Housewives (OR 0.08 [95% CI 0.02 to 0.27]) and self-employed people (OR 0.22 [95% CI 0.07 to 0.70]) were less likely to become infected. The individuals who lived in houses with asbestos cement roofs were more likely to become infected (OR 4.77 [95% CI 1.34 to 16.91]) compared with those who lived in houses with bituminous roofs.

Conclusions
The most significant risk factor identified in the present study was the type and condition of the home's roof. Housing construction improvement is vital to prevent leishmaniasis in northeast Iran.
Depression, anxiety and stress among HIV-positive pregnant women in Ethiopia during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tibebu Nebiyu Solomon , Kassie Belayneh Ayanaw , Anteneh Tazeb Alemu , Rade Bayew Kelkay 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Assessing the maternal mental health status during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is necessary to prevent the occurrence of severe mental disorders. Prenatal depression, anxiety and stress disorders are prominent in pregnant women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and highly associated with poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. Therefore this study aimed to assess the level of depression, anxiety, and stress among HIV-positive pregnant women in Ethiopia during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Amhara region referral hospitals from 17 October 2020 to 1 March 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 423 eligible women. A structured, pretested and interviewer-administered questionnaire was employed to collect the data. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was implemented to identify factors associated with women's depression, anxiety and stress. Statistical association was certain based on the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-values ≤0.05.

Results
Prenatal depression, anxiety and stress among HIV-positive pregnant women were 37.6% (95% CI 33 to 42.3), 42.1 (95% CI 37.7 to 46.7) and 34.8% (95% CI 30.3 to 39.2), respectively. Having an HIV-negative sexual partner (AOR 1.91 [95% CI 1.16 to 3.15]) and being on antiretroviral therapy &gt;1 year (AOR 2.18 [95% CI 1.41 to 3.36]) were found to be statistically significant with women's antenatal depression, while unplanned pregnancy (AOR 1.09 [95% CI 1.02 to 2.33]) and did not discuss with the sexual partner about HIV (AOR 3.21 [95% CI 2.12 to 7.07]) were the factors associated with prenatal anxiety.

Conclusions
In this study, more than one in three HIV-positive pregnant women had depression and anxiety. Thus, implementing strategies to prevent unplanned pregnancy and advocating open discussion with sexual partners about HIV will play a large role in reducing pregnancy-related depression and anxiety.
Relapsed Congenital Vertical Talus Deformity: Outcomes of a Modified Minimally Invasive Method
Authors: Cummings Jason L. , Hosseinzadeh Pooya 
Published: December 2022

Background:
To date, there is little literature that describes the optimal management for recurrent talonavicular subluxation after an initial attempt at surgical correction in children with congenital vertical talus (CVT). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of a modified minimally invasive technique for the management of recurrent talonavicular subluxation in patients with CVT who have previously undergone at least 1 attempt at surgical correction.

Methods:
International Classification of Diseases codes were used to identify all patients with recurrent CVT deformity treated at our institution between 2006 and 2021. Retrospective chart review, including radiographic measurements of talocalcaneal and talar axis-first metatarsal base angles (TAMBA), was performed. Complications including recurrent talonavicular subluxation (lateral TAMBA >30 degrees) and hindfoot valgus (Anteroposterior talocalcaneal >40 degrees) were recorded. All statistical analysis was performed using an alpha of 0.05.

Results:
Seventeen patients (24 feet) met all inclusion criteria, 9 (52.9%) of whom had underlying neurological syndromes. The average age at repeat treatment initiation was 26±17 months (range: 7 to 60 mo). Talonavicular reduction was achieved in all patients as evidenced by an average of 24.6 degrees and 54.9 degrees of correction in the Anteroposterior and lateral TAMBA, respectively. Radiographic recurrence of the talonavicular deformity was seen in 12 feet (50.0%). Six (25.0%) of the feet in 4 patients required a revision surgery, all of which occurred in patients with underlying syndromes (P=0.02). The average patient-reported outcome measurement information system scores in the pain interference, mobility, and peer relations domains were 44.5±7.7, 44.1±13.5, and 54.8±9.9, respectively.

Conclusions:
Our midterm results suggest that many cases of recurrent CVT can be effectively managed through a modified minimally invasive revision surgery consistent with what has been described by Dobbs and colleagues for initial treatment. Further prospective studies with longer-term follow-up are warranted to confirm these findings.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.