bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
อิทธิพลของสภาวะลื่นไหลต่อการพร่องในการควบคุมตน โดยมีความต้องการทางปัญญาเป็นตัวแปรกำกับ
Authors:   , พงษ์ประเสริฐ ปรางค์ทิพย์ 
Published: April 2023

ในการศึกษาที่ผ่านมาพบว่ากิจกรรมที่ไม่ต้องออกแรง เช่น การพักผ่อนชั่วคราวหรือการทำในสิ่งที่นำไปสู่อารมณ์ทางบวกนั้นสามารถลดสภาวะการพร่องในการควบคุมตนเอง (ego depletion) กิจกรรมที่ใช้ความกระตือรือร้น เช่น สภาวะลื่นไหล (flow state) จากการเล่นเกมที่สมดุลกับความสามารถของบุคคลก็อาจเป็นอีกหนึ่งปัจจัยที่สามารถลดสภาวะพร่องได้เช่นกัน การศึกษาครั้งนี้จึงมีจุดประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาว่ากิจกรรมรูปแบบใดจะสามารถช่วยให้เรากลับมาควบคุมตนเองได้ดีเช่นเดิม การศึกษาครั้งนี้เป็นการทดลองออนไลน์ กลุ่มตัวอย่างคือนิสิตจุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัยจำนวน 134 คน อายุระหว่าง 18-25 ปี ผู้เข้าร่วมการทดลองจะถูกจัดกระทำให้เกิดการพร่องในการควบคุมตนเองด้วยการกดทับความคิดจากคำสั่งห้ามคิดถึงหมีขาว จากนั้นทำการสุ่มกลุ่มตัวอย่างเข้าสู่เงื่อนไขใดเงื่อนไขหนึ่งจากสี่เงื่อนไข ดังนี้ ก) พักผ่อนตามอัธยาศัย 6 นาที ข) เล่นเกม Tetris ในระดับปานกลาง ค) เล่นเกม Tetris ในระดับยาก หรือ ง) ดูวิดีโอตลก จากนั้น ผู้เข้าร่วมการทดลองจะต้องทำการสลับอักษรสุภาษิตไทยในระดับยาก ประสิทธิภาพในการลดสภาวะพร่องนั้นจะถูกวัดจากคะแนนและเวลาการสลับอักษร เพื่อทดสอบว่ากลุ่มตัวอย่างในเงื่อนไขใดสามารถสลับอักษรได้ดีที่สุดและมีความอดทนในการทำงานมากที่สุด ผลการวิจัยพบว่า ความต้องการทางปัญญามีอิทธิพลต่อคะแนนการสลับอักษรอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ (F(1,126) = 20.33, p < 0.001) แต่ไม่พบความแตกต่างระหว่างเงื่อนไขทั้งสี่เงื่อนไข ในขณะเดียวกัน พบว่ามีผลปฏิสัมพันธ์ระหว่างเงื่อนไขการทดลองและความต้องการทางปัญญาอย่างมีนัยสำคัญต่อเวลาเฉลี่ยในการสลับอักษร (F(3,126) = 2.77, p < 0.05) และยังพบอิทธิพลหลักของความต้องการทางปัญญาต่อเวลาเฉลี่ยในการสลับอักษรอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ (F(3,126) = 5.67, p < 0.05) ผลของการทดลองยังไม่สามารถสรุปได้ว่าสภาวะลื่นไหลมีอิทธิพลต่อความถูกต้องและเวลาที่ใช้ในการสลับอักษร อย่างไรก็ดีผลการวิจัยชี้ให้เห็นว่าประสิทธิผลของการทำงานสลับอักษรหลังจากกิจกรรมการกดทับทางความคิดนั้นขึ้นอยู่กับระดับความต้องการทางปัญญาของบุคคล
ANALYSIS OF DESIGN RULES APPLICATION ON INSTAGRAM FEED RADAR BALI
Authors: Mutiarani Rizkita Ayu , Putra Putu Satria Udyana , Salsabil M. Royan , Safri Muhamad Iwan , Wahyudi Wiki 
Published: April 2023

Purpose: Instagram is one of the social media with a very large number of users, namely 1.3 billion users. The huge number of users is utilized by several media including Radar Bali, a well-known media in Bali using Instagram as a medium for disseminating information and news.
Research methods: This research uses observation, visual analysis, and literature study to dissect and find out the design components of Radar Bali's Instagram feed. The research methodology used is descriptive research with a qualitative approach.
Findings: The result of the research shows that Radar Bali does not apply design rules properly and consistently.
Implications: By not applying design rules to Radar Bali's Instagram feed, the message and information are not maximized.
Bakti Sosial (Pembelajaran Mengaji Dan Baca Tulis Pada Anak Usia 6-9 Tahun)
Authors: Winda Krisnawati  , Adelia Octaviani  , Muhammad Khatami  , Bhagas Novanda Putra  , Faris Rahmat Hidayat  , Darto Darto  
Published: April 2023

Pentingnya pendidikan bagi anak di Lapak Sarmili dan memberikan fasilitas pendidikan, selain itu, Pendidikan masih merupakan investasi yang mahal. Peran orang tua dalam pendidikan anak mempunyai peranan terhadap masa depan anak. Sehingga demi mendapatkan pendidikan anak yang terbaik, maka sebagai orang tua harus berusaha untuk dapat menyekolahkan anak sampai ke jenjang pendidikan yang paling tinggi adalah salah satu cara agar anak mampu mandiri secara finansial nantinya. Maka dari itu Kelompok KKN 61 Mengambil program pengajaran membaca, menulis dan berhitung. Selain itu, Program baca tulis quran. Menurut Nawardi, pemulung adalah orang yang mencari, memungut, mengambil, mengumpulkan dan mencari sampah baik perorangan maupun kelompok yang kemudian dijual kepada pengepul. Pemulung bekerja mengumpulkan barang-barang bekas dengan cara mengerumuni muatan truk sampah yang tengah dibongkar, sebagian pemulung lainnya berputar-putar mengais barang bekas dari tumpukan- tumpukan sampah. Perekonomian pada warga Lapak sarmili di RT 005/02 secara produktif sehingga dapat menghasilkan nilai tambah yang tinggi dan pendapatan yang lebih besar. Pemberdayaan adalah upaya membangun kekuatan masyarakat dengan cara mendorong, memotivasi dan membangkitkan kesadaran akan potensi yang dimilikinya serta berusaha untuk mengembangkannya.
TELAAH MAQASHID SYARI’AH TERHADAP UU PKDRT NO. 23 TAHUN 2004
Authors: Elpipit Elpipit 
Published: April 2023

Abstrak
Artikel ini mencoba mengkaji UU PKDRT No. 23 Tahun 2004 dalam perspektif maqashid syari’ah dengan tujua untuk melihat nilai-nilai kemaslahatan yang terkandung di dalam UU tersebut, serta menelisik sejauh mana efektifitasnya terhadap penanganan kasus kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Karena dalam realitasnya kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT) ini merupakan fenomena global yang telah terjadi selama berabad-abad dalam kehidupan manusia. Dengan demikian perlu adanya penanganan yang khusus dengan perangkat hukum yang tepat, agar dapat memberikan perlindungan yang baik terhadap korban. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa UU PKDRT Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 dan Hukum Islam mempunyai landasan dan tujuan yang sama yaitu untuk memberikan penghormatan atas martabat manusia, dengan berdasar pada hak-hak asasi masing-masing suami istri dalam rumah tangga, serta pencegahan atas kekerasan dan diskriminasi terhadap perempuan. Dari sini jelas bahwa kekerasan terhadap siapapun yang ada dalam lingkup rumah tangga menurut undang-undang PKDRT dan hukum Islam tidak diperbolehkan.
Commercial Plant Breeding: Vol.01: Vegetable Crops (Completes in 2 Parts)
Authors: Hari Har Ram 
Published: April 2023

The present book entitled “Commercial Plant Breeding-1 Vegetable Crops” contains 32 chapters bifurcated into two parts, part I “Commercial Plant Breeding and Regulatory Affairs” having initial 14 chapters deals with commercial plant breeding, the vegetable seed business, vegetable seed supply chain management, all India coordinated research project (vegetable crops), world vegetable centre (AVRDC), and seed and IPR related acts. The part II “Commercial Breeding of Vegetable Crops” having remaining 18 chapters is devoted to commercial breeding of individual major vegetable crops relevant to seed industry. The book is intended for undergraduate and post graduate students of state agricultural universities and agricultural colleges for the courses on vegetable breeding in general and commercial vegetable breeding in particular and the professionals across ICAR Institutes, SAUs and Seed Industry. First of its kind, the present book aims to bring academic and vegetable seed business worlds both on a common platform
La French Theory comme ruse de l’histoire postmoderne
Authors: Dufour Dany-Robert 
Published: April 2023

L’article défend l’idée que les théories philosophiques élaborées en France autour de 1968 ont été reçues aux États-Unis, puis reconfigurées sous le nom de French Theory avant de servir à l’instauration d’une culture néolibérale. En faisant la revue de ces théories, on peut dire que Derrida, qui a été au plus profond de la métaphysique occidentale, aura délégitimé la Loi, toute loi, pour y substituer le principe d’une indécidabilité des normes, ce qui correspond parfaitement au sujet néolibéral ; que Deleuze, en s’opposant au capitalisme « patriarcal » aura préparé la place aux minorités identitaires du capitalisme contemporain ; que Foucault aura non seule-ment critiqué toutes les institutions au moment où le néolibéralisme attaquait l’État, mais aura même vu dans le néolibéralisme un espoir contre la société disciplinaire ; et que les réflexions de Butler vont dans le sens du déni du réel alliant la toute-puissance imaginaire et la croyance aveugle dans les technosciences.
Bruno Latour et la sociologie de l’acteur-réseau : enjeux épistémologiques et ontologiques d’une postmodernité radicale
Authors: Vibert Stéphane 
Published: April 2023

La « théorie de l’acteur-réseau » (ANT – Actor Network Theory, ou encore sociologie de la traduction) proposée par Bruno Latour depuis plus d’une trentaine d’années s’avère incontestablement l’une des théories les plus importantes dans les sciences sociales actuelles, portée par une notoriété toujours plus imposante tant dans le monde anglo-saxon que francophone. Sans doute parce que – ce sera là notre hypothèse – elle incarne essentiellement, en sa radicalité propre, l’ontologie postmoderne par excellence, si l’on prend l’expression en un sens purement descriptif, revendiqué par Latour lui-même. Initialement étiquetée comme « programme fort » en sociologie des sciences, accusée de défendre un constructivisme relativiste contre les prétentions de la Raison objective, l’approche latourienne a considérablement enrichi ses objets d’étude au fil des ans, s’intéressant successivement – outre une analyse constante des sciences et des techniques – à la religion, à l’anthropologie, au droit, à l’écologie, ou encore à la politique. La disparité des thèmes ne doit pas masquer une profonde cohérence ainsi qu’une véritable unité de perspective. Si sociologiquement elle peut être comprise comme une « inversion du durkheimisme », refusant à la fois l’existence même de la « société », la méthode objectiviste ou l’origine symbolique du social, elle repose ultimement sur une « ontologie plate », à la fois moniste, actantielle, relationnelle et processuelle, dont il nous faudra déployer les tenants et aboutissants pour mieux en saisir la nature complexe et le pouvoir de séduction. Ce texte entend présenter les grands principes épistémologiques de la sociologie latourienne, afin d’en indiquer les soubassements ontologiques, lesquels possèdent une puissance de vue incomparable, tout particulièrement adaptée au « monde en train de se faire ».
La réalité des sexes : une dimension incontournable de la condition humaine
Authors: Jean Rhéa 
Published: April 2023

Le présent article se propose de montrer les impasses de l’idéologie de l’identité de genre. En puisant dans la philosophie du langage et la phénoménologie husserlienne, il s’agit d’abord de montrer que cette idéologie crée une confusion par rapport à la manière dont nous désignons intersubjectivement le monde commun à travers les mots que nous utilisons. Il s’agit également d’affirmer qu’en amenant la population à adhérer à sa novlangue, cette idéologie modifie notre compréhension commune des mots « femme » et « homme » et mine les droits sexospécifiques des femmes. En se référant, entre autres, aux philosophes Kathleen Stock et Sylviane Agacinski, le propos met l’accent sur le primat du corps par rapport aux normes sociales. Enfin, l’article vise à sensibiliser le lecteur à des dérives telles qu’une médicalisation (affectant les mineurs) basée sur une identité subjective ainsi qu’une atteinte à la liberté d’expression des personnes critiquant cette idéologie.
Flos sanctorum. La «legenda aurea» en català. Marinela Garcia Sempere, Antoni Mas i Miralles & Joan M. Perujo Melgar (ed.), «Flos sanctorum o vides dels sants pares» (vol. I-1 i 1-2), Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2022, 304 i 300 p.
Authors: Vila Pep 
Published: April 2023

Flos sanctorum. La legenda aurea en català
Ressenya sobre el llibre de Marinela Garcia Sempere, Antoni Mas i Miralles & Joan M. Perujo Melgar (ed.), Flos sanctorum o vides dels sants pares (vol. I-1 i 1-2), Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2022, 304 i 300 p., ISBN 978-84-9191-211-8 (volum 1-1); ISBN 978-84-9191-215-6 (volum 1-2)
La militancia y los cuadros de FET-JONS en un municipio rural valenciano: Cortes de Pallás
Authors: Fuster Serrano Aurora 
Published: April 2023

El estudio de la militancia falangista sigue siendo un ámbito poco investigado en la historiografía del falangismo, a pesar de su importancia para conocer las bases sociales que integraron FET-JONS y su capacidad de penetración en la sociedad. El objetivo de este artículo, por tanto, es analizar la militancia y el personal político de Falange y del Frente de Juventudes desde una perspectiva local, centrada en Cortes de Pallás, un municipio rural valenciano, con intención de contribuir a los debates más extendidos sobre las bases sociales del falangismo y su presencia en las instituciones locales.The affiliation of FET-JONS in a rural Valencian municipality: Cortes de Pallás.Abstract: The study of the falangist affiliation continues being a not much investigated field on the historiography of falangism, despite its importance for knowing the social bases that integrated FET-JONS and its capacity of penetration in the society. Therefore, objective of this article is to analyse the affiliation and the political staff of Falange and the Frente de Juventudes from a local perspective, focused on Cortes de Pallás, a rural Valencian municipality, with intention to contribute to the most extended debates about the social bases of the falangism and its presence on the local institutions.Key words: FET-JONS, Frente de Juventudes, Francoist dictatorship, affiliation, political staff, local history.
Duobddága – sijda ja sámevuoda friddjasaje
Authors: Aira Harrieth 
Published: April 2023

Gå merrasámij birra la sáhka, de álu la luondulasj usjudallat merrasámijn la sierralágásj tjanos merraj ja gájkkaj mij merrakultuvrraj gullu. Valla dán tjállusin mannap gáddáj, julevsámij duobddágijda Divtasvuonan. Mån lav guoradallam majt duobddága julevsámijda merkahi, ja lav tjadádam ságájdahttemijt nælljásijn gålmåt sajes Divtasvuonan sijáj dábij, práksisij ja dijdaj birra majt sij tjuovvu gå sij manni ietjasa duobddágijda.
Sidjij duobddága merkahi ednagav, vuoset muv dutkamus. Da li sijá giessesijda vuonaj sinna gånnå årru gidás tjaktjaj, ja da li sijá iemesijda. Da tjielggiji gåsi sij gulluji ájnegattjat ja juohkusattjat. Duodden li duobddága aj sámevuoda friddjasaje ja ájnnasa bisodahtátjit sámevuodav, julevsámegielav ja kultuvrav.
A IMPROVISAÇÃO DESDE AS CORPOREIDADES AFRODIASPORICAS QUE JOGAM, DANÇAM E LUTAM
Authors: Santana Gabriela Santos Cavalcante 
Published: April 2023

Este artigo tem como propósito apresentar e discutir a improvisação nos jogos afrodiaspóricos que se desenvolveram como defesa pessoal e ou como práticas performativas desde o final do século XIX. Após apresentação e delimitação do campo investigado a partir dos Estudos da Performance (SCHECHNER, 2006) e de literatura específica sobre os jogos experienciados no e pelo corpo, apresento reflexões sobre modos improvisacionais nos jogos da Capoeira no Brasil e na Arte de Esgrima de Machete y Bordón na Colômbia, a partir de uma “motriz cultural” (LIGIÉRO, 2019) investigada nestes dois jogos: a malícia. A análise privilegia os estados de jogo (SCHECHNER, 2006), dando a ver como estes estados constroem as corporeidades tecidas diretamente na relação com os territórios afrodiaspóricos que estão inseridos. Mediante a expressiva interface entre a Dança Cênica ocidental e Marcialidade oriental que marcaram a história da Dança, a pergunta que conduz a escrita deste artigo é: O que o campo da improvisação em dança pode aprender com as corporeidades afrodiaspóricas e suas performances culturais?
Palavras-Chave: Jogo, Improvisação, Afrodiásporico, Malícia, Corporeidade.
Assessment of Accuracy, User Engagement, and Themes of Eating Disorder Content in Social Media Short Videos
Authors: Lookingbill Valerie , Mohammadi Ehsan , Cai Yizhou 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceSocial media is simultaneously home to communities of users who promote eating disorders as a lifestyle and users who advocate for recovery. As studies have confirmed an association between exposure to pro–eating disorder content and engaging in disordered eating behaviors, an examination of the accuracy of and interactions with information shared in these complex and contradictory communities can provide insights into content available to users at risk.ObjectiveTo determine the associations among themes, accuracy of information, and user engagement of eating disorder content on a short video–sharing social media platform.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis qualitative study included a thematic analysis of a sample of 200 TikTok videos, as well as user engagement metrics and content creator characteristics, between February and June 2022. Data were analyzed from March to June 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresContent themes, accuracy of information, user engagement, and the associations among these factors were identified in a sample of eating disorder videos on a social media platform. Data were analyzed with Pearson χ2, analysis of variance, linear regression, and random permutation tests.ResultsAmong the 200 videos assessed, 124 (62.0%) covered prorecovery content, 59 (29.5%) included pro–eating disorder content, and 17 (8.5%) contained anti–eating disorder content. Thematic analysis revealed 4 high-level themes: (1) encouraging the development or sustainment of eating disorders, (2) sharing physical or emotional experiences with eating disorders, (3) sharing narratives of recovery, and (4) social support. While the results of Pearson χ2 test indicated that videos in the prorecovery domain contained more accurate content than videos categorized in the pro–eating disorder and anti–eating disorder domains (χ24 = 157.92; P &amp;lt; .001), the results of analysis of variance demonstrated that there was no significant difference in user engagement between informative and misleading content (likes: F = 0.110; P = .95; comments: F = 2.031; P = .13; views: F = 0.534; P = .59; shares: F = 0.691; P = .50). Results of the 10 000 random permutation tests, in which all P values were between .40 and .60 regardless of the distances, suggested that there was no significant difference in user engagement among the 3 domains.Conclusions and RelevanceThis mixed-methods qualitative analysis of misleading eating disorder information on social media found that pro–eating disorder and prorecovery communities were prevalent. However, social media users in the prorecovery community created more informative than misleading content. Furthermore, the study found no significant difference between users’ engagement with accurate vs misleading videos, which may suggest that false information alone does not influence the virality of videos.
Co‐designing conservation interventions through participatory action research in the Indian Trans‐Himalaya
Authors: Khanyari M. , Dorjay R. , Lobzang S. , Bijoor A. , Suryawanshi K. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Community‐based conservation, despite being more inclusive than fortress conservation, has been criticized for being a top‐down implementation of external ideas brought to local communities for conservation's benefit. This is particularly true for Changpas, the pastoral people of Changthang in trans‐Himalayan India who live alongside unique wildlife.

Our main aim was to co‐design conservation interventions through participatory action research. We worked with two Changpa communities, to understand the issues faced by them. Subsequently, we co‐designed context‐sensitive interventions to facilitate positive human–nature interactions. We did so by integrating the PARTNERS (Presence, Aptness, Respect, Transparency, Empathy, Responsiveness, Strategic Support) principles with the Trinity of Voice (Access, Standing and Influence).

In Rupsho, we facilitated focus group discussions (FGDs) led by the community. We found livestock depredation by wildlife was primarily facilitated by the weather. This led to co‐designing of a new corral design, which was piloted with seven households, safeguarding 2385 pashmina goats and sheep. Approximating the value of each sheep/goat to be USD125, this intervention amounts to a significant economic protection of USD c. 42,500 for each household. This is along with intangible gains of trust, ownership and improved self‐esteem.

In Tegazong, a restricted area adjoining the Indo‐China border with no previous research records, we worked with 43 Changpa people to co‐create research questions of mutual interest. Wildlife presence and reasons for livestock loss were identified as areas of mutual interest. The herders suggested they would record data in a form of their choice, for 6 months, while they live in their winter pastures. This participatory community monitoring revealed nutrition and hypothermia to be a key cause of livestock death. Subsequently, we delimited two previously untested interventions: lamb cribs and provisioning of locally sourced barley as a feed supplement. The wildlife monitoring recorded the first record of Tibetan Gazelle Procapra picticuadata, outside of their known distribution, in Tegazong.

We aim to highlight the benefits of co‐designing projects with local communities that link research and conservation, while also discussing the challenges faced. Ultimately, such projects are needed to ensure ethical knowledge generation and conservation, which aims to be decolonial and inclusive.
Piezoelectric Nanostructured Surface for Ultrasound‐Driven Immunoregulation to Rescue Titanium Implant Infection
Authors: Li Kai , Xu Wenxiu , Chen Yi , Liu Xiaoyi , Shen Lanbo , Feng Junkun , Zhao WeiWei , Wang Wenjun , Wu Junling , Ma Baojin , Ge Shaohua , Liu Hong , Li Jianhua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTreating bacterial biofilm infections on implanted materials remains challenging in clinical practice, as bacteria can be resistant by weakening the host defense from immune cells like macrophages. Herein, a metal‐piezoelectric hetero‐nanostructure with mechanical energy‐driven antimicrobial property is in situ constructed on the Ti implant. Under ultrasonic irradiation, the formed piezotronic Ti (piezoTi) can promote the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by facilitating local charge transfer at the surface, thus leading to piezodynamic killing of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) while downregulating biofilm‐forming genes. In addition, the stimulated macrophages on piezoTi display potent phagocytosis and anti‐bacterial activity through the activation of PI3K‐AKT and MAPK pathway. As a demonstration, one‐time ultrasound irradiation of piezoTi pillar implanted in an osteomyelitis model efficiently eliminates the S. aureus biofilm infection and rescues the implant with enhanced osteointegration. By the synergistic effect of ultrasound‐driven piezodynamic therapy and immuno‐regulation, the proposed piezoelectric nanostructured surface can endow Ti implants with highly efficient antibacterial performance in an antibiotic‐free, noninvasive, and on‐demand manner.
Folate Receptor‐Targeted NIR‐II Dual‐Model Nanoprobes for Multiscale Visualization of Macrophages in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Lan Ruodan , Lv Jianxun , Gao Duyang , Hu Dehong , Liu Chunchen , Jia Jie , Zheng Hairong , Liu Chengbo , Zhao Ping , Sheng Zonghai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation. Macrophages accelerate the pathological process of RA through the continuous cell accumulation and secretion of cytokines. Therefore, multiscale visualization of macrophages is of great significance for the early diagnosis of RA. In this work, folate receptor‐targeted Cptnc‐4F nanoprobes, named FA‐CF‐NPs, are developed for dual‐model molecular imaging of macrophages in RA mouse models. FA‐CF‐NPs exhibit complementary imaging advantages with high fluorescence sensitivity and resolution in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) and promising photoacoustic (PA) imaging contrast with deep tissue penetration. The high affinity of the folate ligand on the surface of FA‐CF‐NPs to macrophages with overexpressed folate receptors ensures the specific targeting function of the nanoprobes for imaging in vivo. FA‐CF‐NPs are employed to achieve NIR‐II fluorescence imaging to accurately localize macrophages in the joint, obtaining a high signal‐to‐background ratio (SBR) of 15.5. Meanwhile, PA imaging is also performed to observe macrophage distribution in the longitudinal section of the whole joint. Moreover, macrophage infiltration is detected in the joint of RA mice with the absence of RA pathologies such as synovitis and cartilage loss. The results provide an opportunity for in vivo macrophage tracking and early diagnosis of RA.