bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wheeler-DeWitt states of the AdS-Schwarzschild interior
Authors: Hartnoll Sean A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We solve the Wheeler-DeWitt equation for the planar AdS-Schwarzschild interior in a minisuperspace approximation involving the volume and spatial anisotropy of the interior. A Gaussian wavepacket is constructed that is peaked on the classical interior solution. Simple observables are computed using this wavepacket, demonstrating the freedom to a choose a relational notion of ‘clock’ in the interior and characterizing the approach to the spacelike singularity. The Wheeler-DeWitt equation may be extended out through the horizon, where it describes the holographic renormalization group flow of the black hole exterior. This amounts to the Hamilton-Jacobi evolution of the metric component gtt from positive interior values to negative exterior values. The interior Gaussian wavepacket is shown to evolve into the Lorentizan partition function of the boundary conformal field theory over a microcanonical energy window.
Electric field-directed migration of mesenchymal stem cells enhances their therapeutic potential on cisplatin-induced acute nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Abdelrahman Shaimaa A. , Raafat Nermin , Abdelaal Ghadeer M. M. , Aal Sara M. Abdel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCisplatin is widely used as an anti-neoplastic agent but is limited by its nephrotoxicity. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the management of acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a new era in treatment but effective homing of administered cells is needed. This study aimed to investigate the effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on cisplatin-induced AKI in rats after directed migration by electric field (EF). Forty-eight adult male albino rats were equally classified into four groups: control, cisplatin-treated, cisplatin plus BM-MSCs, and cisplatin plus BM-MSCs exposed to EF. Serum levels of IL-10 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis for gene expression of Bcl2, Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-8 was measured. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, periodic acid Schiff staining, and immunohistochemical analysis were also done. MSC-treated groups showed improvement of kidney function; increased serum levels of IL-10 and decreased levels of TNF-α; and increased mRNA expression of Bcl2 and decreased expression of Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-8 proteins comparable to the cisplatin-injured group. EF application increased MSCs homing with significant decrease in serum urea level and caspase-3 gene expression together with significant increase in Bcl2 expression than occurred in the MSCs group. Restoration of normal kidney histomorphology with significant decrease in immunohistochemical expression of caspase-3 protein was observed in the BM-MSCs plus EF group compared to the BM-MSCs group. EF stimulation enhanced the MSCs homing and improved their therapeutic potential on acute cisplatin nephrotoxicity.
Age validation in early stages of Sepia officinalis from beak microstructure
Authors: Guerra-Marrero Airam , Perales-Raya Catalina , Lishchenko Fedor , Espino-Ruano Ana , Jiménez-Alvarado David , Couce-Montero Lorena , Castro José J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis is the first study addressing validation of the early growth stages (including the first increment) in the beaks of juvenile cuttlefishes. The age validation in juveniles of Sepia officinalis was performed by comparison of the number of increments observed in the rostrum surface of lower jaws with their true age. A total of 159 individuals were reared at 18 ºC and 21 ºC, with ages up to 31 days from hatching. The number of growth increments in the beak was counted and contrasted with the days of life after hatching, validating the hypothesis of one increment of growth corresponding to one day of life. The mean coefficient of variation between readings (measuring precision) was 2.95 ± 5.98%. The growth of the reading area (rostrum surface) and the periodicity of increment deposition showed no difference between the two culture temperatures and therefore daily deposition was confirmed at these temperatures.
Anatomy of the greater palatine foramen and canal and their clinical significance in relation to the greater palatine artery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Dong Woon , Tempski Jonasz , Surma Jan , Ratusznik Jakub , Raputa Wiktor , Świerczek Izabella , Pękala Jakub R. , Tomaszewska Iwona M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeAccurate knowledge of greater palatine foramen (GPF) and greater palatine canal (GPC) anatomy is necessary to avoid injury to the greater palatine artery (GPA) when performing a variety of anesthesiologic, dental or surgical procedures. The aim of this paper was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature on the anatomy and localization of bony structures associated with the GPA, namely the GPF and GPC.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases. Seventy-five studies were included in the meta-analysis (n = 22,202 subjects).ResultsThe meta-analysis showed that the GPF is positioned 17.21 mm (95% CI = 16.34–18.09 mm) from the posterior nasal spine, 2.56 mm (95% CI = 1.90–3.22 mm) from the posterior border of the hard palate, 46.24 mm (95% CI = 44.30–48.18 mm) from the anterior nasal spine, 15.22 mm (95% CI = 15.00–15.43 mm) from the midline maxillary suture, 37.32 mm (95% CI = 36.19–38.45 mm) from the incisive foramen, and opposite the third maxillary molar (M3) in 64.9% (58.7–70.7%) of the total population.ConclusionAn up-to-date, comprehensive analysis of GPF and GPC clinical anatomy is presented. The results from this evidence-based anatomical study provides a unified set of data to aid clinicians in their practice.
Trans-fatty acid blood levels of industrial but not natural origin are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in patients with HFpEF: a secondary analysis of the Aldo-DHF trial
Authors: Lechner Katharina , Bock Matthias , von Schacky Clemens , Scherr Johannes , Lorenz Elke , Lechner Benjamin , Haller Bernhard , Krannich Alexander , Halle Martin , Wachter Rolf , Duvinage André , Edelmann Frank 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Industrially processed trans-fatty acids (IP-TFA) have been linked to altered lipoprotein metabolism, inflammation and increased NT-proBNP. In patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), associations of TFA blood levels with patient characteristics are unknown.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of the Aldo-DHF-RCT. From 422 patients, individual blood TFA were analyzed at baseline in n = 404 using the HS-Omega-3-Index® methodology. Patient characteristics were: 67 ± 8 years, 53% female, NYHA II/III (87/13%), ejection fraction ≥ 50%, E/e′ 7.1 ± 1.5; NT-proBNP 158 ng/L (IQR 82–298). A principal component analysis was conducted but not used for further analysis as cumulative variance for the first two PCs was low. Spearman’s correlation coefficients as well as linear regression analyses, using sex and age as covariates, were used to describe associations of whole blood TFA with metabolic phenotype, functional capacity, echocardiographic markers for LVDF and neurohumoral activation at baseline and after 12 months.

Results
Blood levels of the naturally occurring TFA C16:1n-7t were inversely associated with dyslipidemia, body mass index/truncal adiposity, surrogate markers for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and inflammation at baseline/12 months. Conversely, IP-TFA C18:1n9t, C18:2n6tt and C18:2n6tc were positively associated with dyslipidemia and isomer C18:2n6ct with dysglycemia. C18:2n6tt and C18:2n6ct were inversely associated with submaximal aerobic capacity at baseline/12 months. No significant association was found between TFA and cardiac function.

Conclusions
In HFpEF patients, higher blood levels of IP-TFA, but not naturally occurring TFA, were associated with dyslipidemia, dysglycemia and lower functional capacity. Blood TFAs, in particular C16:1n-7t, warrant further investigation as prognostic markers in HFpEF.

Graphical abstract
Higher blood levels of industrially processed TFA, but not of the naturally occurring TFA C16:1n-7t, are associated with a higher risk cardiometabolic phenotype and prognostic of lower aerobic capacity in patients with HFpEF.
A converse to the neo-classical inequality with an application to the Mittag-Leffler function
Authors: Gerhold Stefan , Simon Thomas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe prove two inequalities for the Mittag-Leffler function, namely that the function $$\log E_\alpha (x^\alpha )$$

log

E
α

(

x
α

)

is sub-additive for $$0<\alpha <1,$$

0
<
α
<
1
,

and super-additive for $$\alpha >1.$$

α
>
1
.

These assertions follow from two new binomial inequalities, one of which is a converse to the neo-classical inequality. The proofs use a generalization of the binomial theorem due to Hara and Hino (Bull London Math Soc 2010). For $$0<\alpha <2,$$

0
<
α
<
2
,

we also show that $$E_\alpha (x^\alpha )$$

E
α

(

x
α

)

is log-concave resp. log-convex, using analytic as well as probabilistic arguments.
Diagnostic compatibility of various fixed orthodontic retainers for head/neck MRI and dental MRI
Authors: Juerchott Alexander , Roser Christoph J. , Saleem Muhammad Abdullah , Nittka Mathias , Lux Christopher J. , Heiland Sabine , Bendszus Martin , Hilgenfeld Tim 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the diagnostic MRI compatibility of different fixed orthodontic retainers using a high-resolution 3D-sequence optimized for artifact reduction.

Materials and methods
Maxillary and mandibular retainers made of five different materials were scanned in vitro and in vivo at 3 T MRI using an MSVAT-SPACE sequence. In vitro, artifact volumes were determined for all maxillary and mandibular retainers (AVmax; AVmand). In vivo, two independent observers quantified the extent of artifacts based on the visibility of 124 dental and non-dental landmarks using a five-point rating scale (1 = excellent, 2 = good, 3 = acceptable, 4 = poor, 5 = not visible).

Results
Rectangular-steel retainers caused the largest artifacts (AVmax/AVmand: 18,060/15,879 mm3) and considerable diagnostic impairment in vivo (mean landmark visibility score ± SD inside/outside the retainer areas: 4.8 ± 0.8/2.9 ± 1.6). Smaller, but diagnostically relevant artifacts were observed for twistflex steel retainers (437/6317 mm3, 3.1 ± 1.7/1.3 ± 0.7). All retainers made of precious-alloy materials produced only very small artifact volumes (titanium grade 1: 70/46 mm3, titanium grade 5: 47/35 mm3, gold: 23/21 mm3) without any impact on image quality in vivo (each retainer: visibility scores of 1.0 ± 0.0 for all landmarks inside and outside the retainer areas).

Conclusions
In contrast to steel retainers, titanium and gold retainers are fully compatible for both head/neck and dental MRI when using MSVAT-SPACE.

Clinical relevance
This study demonstrates that titanium and gold retainers do not impair the diagnostic quality of head/neck and dental MRI when applying an appropriate artifact-reduction technique. Steel retainers, however, are not suitable for dental MRI and can severely impair image quality in head/neck MRI of the oral cavity.
Topical Collection: International Year of Groundwater—managing future societal and environmental challenges
Authors: Petitta Marco , Kreamer David , Davey Ian , Dottridge Jane , MacDonald Alan , Re Viviana , Szőcs Teodóra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGroundwater’s role in maintaining the well-being of the planet is increasingly acknowledged. Only recently has society recognised groundwater as a key component of the water cycle. To improve public understanding and the proper use of groundwater, the hydrogeological community must expand its efforts in groundwater assessment, management, and communication. The International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH) intends to help achieve the United Nation’s water-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the adoption of innovative hydrogeological strategies. This essay introduces a topical collection that encapsulates IAH’s 2022 ‘Year for Groundwater’.
The affordances of clinical simulation immersive technology within healthcare education: a scoping review
Authors: Aiello Stephen , Cochrane Thomas , Sevigny Charles 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhilst clinical simulation is established as an effective education tool within the healthcare community, the inability to offer authentic educational learning environments remains problematic. Advances in technology such as immersive virtual reality offer new opportunities to enhance traditional practice to an extent that may transform learning. However, with traditional clinical simulation stress and anxiety can both hinder performance and learning, yet it is unknown what nuances are applicable within a clinical virtual simulation environment. Determining potential benefits, drawbacks (including related stress and anxiety) and affordances of immersive technology clinical simulation designs may help provide an understanding of its usefulness. The aim of this scoping review is to investigate the range and nature of evidence associated with immersive virtual reality clinical simulation and education design. In addition, the review will describe authentic immersive technology clinical simulation use and reported stress response measurements. A search of seven electronic database and grey literature was performed in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. A key term search strategy was employed with five themes identified and investigated: (1) Healthcare professionals, (2) Clinical simulation, (3) Immersive virtual reality, (4) Stress/anxiety and (5) Authentic learning design. Application of the search strategy resulted in a hit total of 212 articles. Twelve articles met inclusion criteria. With most literature focusing on procedural performance and non-transferable education needs, there was a paucity of research that specifically investigated immersive virtual reality clinical simulation education and related stress. Therefore, this scoping review contributes new understandings by providing valuable insight and potential research gaps into current immersive virtual reality clinical simulation, its relationship to stress and the education design models currently being utilised to develop these concepts.
Electrophysiological and neuropsychological assessment of cognition in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 patients: a pilot study
Authors: Contaldi Elena , Sensi Mariachiara , Colucci Fabiana , Capone Jay Guido , Braccia Arianna , Nocilla Mattia Roberto , Diozzi Enrica , Contini Eleonora , Pelizzari Anna Chiara , Tugnoli Valeria 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Event-related potentials (ERPs) reflect cognitive processing: negative early components (N100, N200) are involved in the sensory and perceptual processing of a stimulus, whereas late positive component P300 requires conscious attention. Both neuropsychological and affective disorders are present in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), but the underlying mechanisms need further clarification.

Materials and methods
In this pilot study, we assessed cognitive processing by recording auditory ERPs in 16 consecutive SCA1 patients and 16 healthy controls (HC) matched for age and sex. Motor and nonmotor symptoms were evaluated using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) and an extensive neuropsychological battery. ERPs were recorded using an oddball paradigm, and peak latency and amplitude of N100, N200, and P300 were measured in the averaged responses to target tones.

Results
We found in SCA1 significantly increased latencies of N200 and P300 (p=0.033, p=0.007) and decreased amplitudes of N100 and P300 (p=0.024, p=0.038) compared with HC. Furthermore, P300 latency had the highest AUC in the discrimination of SCA1 in ROC analysis. The expansion of trinucleotide repeats correlated with P300 latency (r=−0.607, p=0.048), whereas both P300 and N100 amplitudes correlated with the severity of motor symptoms (r=−0.692, p=0.003; r=−0.621; p=0.010). Significant correlations between P300 latency and the scores of Emotion Attribution Task (r=−0.633, p=0.027), as well as between N200 latency and the scores of Frontal Assessment Battery and Stroop test (r=−0.520, p=0.047; r=0.538, p=0.039), were observed.

Conclusions
This research provides for the first time an extensive characterization of ERPs as useful electrophysiological markers to identify early cognitive dysfunction in SCA1.
Successive volcanic eruptions (1809–1815) and two severe famines of Korea (1809–1810, 1814–1815) seen through historical records
Authors: Kim Sungwoo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBased on the government’s historical records and personal documents of the pre-modern Chosŏn Dynasty, this paper examines the socio-economic impacts in Korea in response to climatic variability from 1809 until 1819 that may have been influenced to some degree by the eruption of the “unknown volcano” (1809) and the Tambora eruption (1815). In the early 1800s, when volcanic eruptions occurred successively, the Korean Peninsula experienced a temporal precipitation variation—drought, abundant rainfall, and normalcy—twice. The precipitation variation in this period had a heavy impact on the yields of rice, major crop on the peninsula. In the phase of drought in 1809 and extreme climatic anomalies in 1814, the country suffered record poor harvests, and in the abundant rainfall phase in 1810 and 1816–1817, it had bumper crops. For this reason, 1816–1817 were the halcyon years for Korea, unlike the case of Europe and the northeastern USA which suffered from extreme climatic anomalies in those years. This case of the Korean Peninsula indicates that the climate change and natural disasters of the 1810s were influenced by not only of the single event of the Tambora eruption but of the successive eruptions of volcanoes in the 7 years from 1809 to 1815, which also affected other areas on the globe for 11 years (1809–1819).
An access control model based on blockchain master-sidechain collaboration
Authors: Yang Liang , Jiang Rong , Pu Xuetao , Wang Chenguang , Yang Yue , Wang Meng , Zhang Lin , Tian Feifei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe centralized storage and centralized authorization approach in medical information systems can lead to data tampering and private information privacy leakage, while the traditional access control model has an overly simple authentication approach, relies excessively on trusted third-party organizations for the enforcement of access control policies, and has low efficiency in processing access requests. To address these problems, this paper proposes an access control model based on the collaboration of blockchain main and side chains, AC-BMS. Firstly, a password-based authentication scheme is designed based on doctors’ identity information; then Polygon side chain is designed to enhance the storage scalability of the blockchain; finally, the access node information on the main Ethereum chain is located on the side chain, and resources are obtained by executing Roll-up contracts deployed on the side chain. It is confirmed by simulation experiments in Hyperledger Fabric that the access efficiency and throughput of the blockchain access model proposed in this paper are improved when the number of accesses is multiplied, the average access time is saved by 2–3 s, the latency time is floating and stable, and the security, scalability, and availability are enhanced.
What really changes when developers intend to improve their source code: a commit-level study of static metric value and static analysis warning changes
Authors: Trautsch Alexander , Erbel Johannes , Herbold Steffen , Grabowski Jens 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMany software metrics are designed to measure aspects that are believed to be related to software quality. Static software metrics, e.g., size, complexity and coupling are used in defect prediction research as well as software quality models to evaluate software quality. Static analysis tools also include boundary values for complexity and size that generate warnings for developers. While this indicates a relationship between quality and software metrics, the extent of it is not well understood. Moreover, recent studies found that complexity metrics may be unreliable indicators for understandability of the source code. To explore this relationship, we leverage the intent of developers about what constitutes a quality improvement in their own code base. We manually classify a randomized sample of 2,533 commits from 54 Java open source projects as quality improving depending on the intent of the developer by inspecting the commit message. We distinguish between perfective and corrective maintenance via predefined guidelines and use this data as ground truth for the fine-tuning of a state-of-the art deep learning model for natural language processing. The benchmark we provide with our ground truth indicates that the deep learning model can be confidently used for commit intent classification. We use the model to increase our data set to 125,482 commits. Based on the resulting data set, we investigate the differences in size and 14 static source code metrics between changes that increase quality, as indicated by the developer, and changes unrelated to quality. In addition, we investigate which files are targets of quality improvements. We find that quality improving commits are smaller than non-quality improving commits. Perfective changes have a positive impact on static source code metrics while corrective changes do tend to add complexity. Furthermore, we find that files which are the target of perfective maintenance already have a lower median complexity than files which are the target of non-pervective changes. Our study results provide empirical evidence for which static source code metrics capture quality improvement from the developers point of view. This has implications for program understanding as well as code smell detection and recommender systems.
Snakes and Ladders: Unpacking the Personalisation-Privacy Paradox in the Context of AI-Enabled Personalisation in the Physical Retail Environment
Authors: Canhoto Ana Isabel , Keegan Brendan James , Ryzhikh Maria 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to bring to the physical retail environment the kind of mass personalisation that is already common in online commerce, delivering offers that are targeted to each customer, and that adapt to changes in the customer’s context. However, factors related to the in-store environment, the small screen where the offer is delivered, and privacy concerns, create uncertainty regarding how customers might react to highly personalised offers that are delivered to their smartphones while they are in a store. To investigate how customers exposed to this type of AI-enabled, personalised offer, perceive it and respond to it, we use the personalisation-privacy paradox lens. Case study data focused on UK based, female, fashion retail shoppers exposed to such offers reveal that they seek discounts on desired items and improvement of the in-store experience; they resent interruptions and generic offers; express a strong desire for autonomy; and attempt to control access to private information and to improve the recommendations that they receive. Our analysis also exposes contradictions in customers’ expectations of personalisation that requires location tracking. We conclude by drawing an analogy to the popular Snakes and Ladders game, to illustrate the delicate balance between drivers and barriers to acceptance of AI-enabled, highly personalised offers delivered to customers’ smartphones while they are in-store.