bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health professions students’ approaches towards practice-driven ethical dilemmas; a case-based qualitative study
Authors: Hlaing Phyu Hnin , Hasswan Ahmed , Salmanpour Vida , Shorbagi Sarra , AlMahmoud Tahra , Jirjees Feras Jassim , Kawas Sausan Al , Guraya Salman Yusuf , Sulaiman Nabil 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
In healthcare practice, ethical challenges are inevitable and their optimal handling may potentialy improve patient care. Ethical development in medical education is critical for the transition from a medical and health sciences student to an ethical healthcare practitioner. Understanding the health professions students’ approaches towards practice-driven ethical dilemmas could harness i the effective ethical development in their medical education. This study attempts to identify the health professions students’ approaches towards practice-driven ethical dilemmas.

Methods
An inductive qualitative evaluation was conducted on six recorded videos of health professions students’ case-based online group discussions, followed by a one-hour online ethics workshop. The online ethics workshop was organized with students from the College of Medicine, College of Dental Medicine and College of Pharmacy at the University of Sharjah, and the College of Medicine at the United Arab Emirates University. . The recorded videos were transcribed verbatim and imported to the qualitative data analysis software of MAXQDA 2022. Data were analyzed applying four stages of review, reflect, reduce and retrieve and two different coders triangulated the findings.

Results
Six themes emerged from the qualitative analysis of the health professions students’ approaches to the practice-based ethical dilemmas; (1) emotions, (2) personal experiences, (3) law and legal system, (4) professional background, (5) knowledge of medical research and (6) inter-professional education. In addition, during the case-based group discussions in the ethics workshop, students efficiently applied the relevant ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice in their reasoning process to reach an ethical decision.

Conclusion
The findings of this study explained how health professions students resolve ethical dilemmas in their ethical reasoning process. This work sheds light on ethical development in medical education by gaining students’ perspectives in dealing with complex clinical scenarios. The findings from this qualitative evaluation will aid academic medical institutions in developing medical and research-based ethics curriculum to transform students to ethical leaders.
How do the post-graduation outcomes of students from gateway courses compare to those from standard entry medicine courses at the same medical schools?
Authors: Elmansouri Ahmad , Curtis Sally , Nursaw Ceri , Smith Daniel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Widening participation (WP) for underrepresented students through six-year gateway courses helps to widen the demographic representation of doctors in the UK. ‘Most students from gateway courses graduate, even though many enter with lower grades than standard entry medicine students.’ This study aims to compare the graduate outcomes of gateway and SEM cohorts from the same universities.

Methods
Data from 2007–13 from the UK Medical Education Database (UKMED) were available for graduates of gateway and SEM courses at three UK medical schools. Outcome measures were passing an entry exam on the first attempt, Annual Review of Competency Progression (ARCP) outcome and being offered a level one training position from the first application. The univariate analysis compared the two groups. Logistic regressions, predicting outcomes by course type, controlled for attainment on completion of medical school.

Results
Four thousand four hundred forty-five doctors were included in the analysis. There was no difference found in the ARCP outcome between gateway and SEM graduates. Gateway graduates were less likely to pass their first attempt at any membership exam than graduates of SEM courses (39% vs 63%). Gateway graduates were less likely to be offered a level 1 training position on their first application (75% vs 82%). Graduates of gateway courses were more likely to apply to General Practitioner (GP) training programmes than SEM graduates (56% vs 39%).

Conclusions
Gateway courses increase the diversity of backgrounds represented within the profession and importantly the number of applications to GP training. However, differences in cohort performance are shown to continue to exist in the postgraduate arena and further research is required to ascertain the reasons for this.
Green quality by design HPLC approach for the simultaneous determination of Bilastine and Montelukast
Authors: Roshdy Aya , Salam Randa Abdel , Hadad Ghada , Belal Fathallah , Elmansi Heba 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor the simultaneous estimation of two co-formulated antihistaminic drugs (Bilastine and Montelukast), a novel and eco-friendly reversed-phase HPLC approach with both diode array and fluorescence detection modes was designed. Rather than using the routine methodology, the Quality by Design (QbD) approach was adopted to speed up the method development and to test robustness of the method. To evaluate the effect of variable factors on chromatographic response, a full factorial design was used. The chromatographic separation was performed using isocratic elution on the C18 column. The mobile phase consists of 92% methanol, 6% acetonitrile, and 2% phosphate buffer with 0.1 (v/v) triethylamine adjusted to pH 3, it was pumped at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min with an injection volume of 20 μL. The developed stability indicating HPLC approach was used to assess the stability of montelukast (MNT). It was subjected to a variety of stress conditions, including hydrolytic (acid–base), oxidative, thermal, and photolytic stress conditions. All of these conditions were found to have relevant degradation pathways. Under the described experimental conditions, MNT degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The kinetic parameters of its degradation (rate constant and t1/2) were calculated and a proposal for the degradation pathway was postulated.
Exome Sequencing of Paired Colorectal Carcinomas and Synchronous Liver Metastases for Prognosis and Therapy Prediction
Authors: Hlaváč Viktor , Červenková Lenka , Šůsová Simona , Holý Petr , Liška Václav , Vyčítal Ondřej , Šorejs Ondřej , Fiala Ondřej , Daum Ondřej , Souček Pavel 
Published: May 2023

PURPOSE Analysis of somatic variant profiles in retrospectively collected pairs of primary tumors and synchronous liver metastases from surgically treated patients with colorectal carcinomas. Mutational profiles were compared between groups of patients stratified by response to chemotherapy and survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study used whole-exome sequencing of tumor sample pairs from 20 patients diagnosed and treated at a single center. The Cancer Genome Atlas COAD-READ data set (n = 380) was used for validation in silico, where possible. RESULTS The most frequently altered oncodrivers were APC (55% in primaries and 60% in metastases), TP53 (50/45), TRIP11 (30/5), FAT4 (20/25), and KRAS (15/25). Harboring variants with a high or moderate predicted functional effect in KRAS in primary tumors was significantly associated with poor relapse-free survival in both our sample set and the validation data set. We found a number of additional prognostic associations, including mutational load, alterations in individual genes, oncodriver pathways, and single base substitution (SBS) signatures in primary tissues, which were not confirmed by validation. Altered ATM, DNAH11, and MUC5AC, or a higher share of SBS24 signature in metastases seemed to represent poor prognostic factors, but because of a lack of suitable validation data sets, these results must be treated with extreme caution. No gene or profile was significantly associated with response to chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Taken together, we report subtle differences in exome mutational profiles between paired primary tumors and synchronous liver metastases and a distinct prognostic relevance of KRAS in primary tumors. Although the general scarcity of primary tumor-synchronous metastasis sample pairs with high-quality clinical data makes robust validation difficult, this study provides potentially valuable data for utilization in precision oncology and could serve as a springboard for larger studies.
Novel radiomic features versus deep learning: differentiating brain metastases from pathological lung cancer types in small datasets
Authors: Tulum Gökalp 
Published: May 2023

Objective: Accurate diagnosis and early treatment are crucial for survival in patients with brain metastases. This study aims to expand the capability of radiomics-based classification algorithms with novel features and compare results with deep learning-based algorithms to differentiate the subtypes of lung cancer from MRI of metastatic lesions in the brain. Methods: This study includes 75 small cell lung carcinoma, 72 squamous cell carcinoma, and 75 adenocarcinoma segments. For the radiomics-based algorithm, novel features from the original Laplacian of Gaussian filtered and two-dimensional wavelet transformed images were extracted, and a new three-stage feature selection algorithm was proposed for feature selection. Two classification methods were applied to images to identify the subtypes of lung cancer. Additionally, EfficientNet and ResNet with transfer learning were used as classifiers to compare the results of the proposed algorithm. Results: The sensitivity and specificity values of the radiomics-based classifier are 94.44 and 95.33%, and for the second classifier are 87.67% and 92.62%, respectively. Besides, a one-vs-all approach comparison was made utilizing two deep learning-based classifiers; The sensitivity and specificity values of 94.29 and 94.08% were obtained from ResNet-50. Moreover, mentioned metrics for EfficientNet-b0 are 92.86 and 93.42%. Furthermore, the accuracies of two radiomics-based and two deep learning-based models were 84.68%, 78.37%, 92.34%, and 90.99%, respectively for one-vs-one approach. Conclusion: The results suggest that the proposed radiomics-based algorithm is a helpful diagnostic assistant to improve decision-making for treating patients with brain metastases in small datasets. Advances in knowledge: Firstly, the proposed method of this study extracts novel features from transformations of the original images, such as wavelet and Laplacian of Gaussian filter for the first time in literature. Secondly, this is the first study that investigates the classification performance of the shallow and deep learning approaches to identify subtypes of lung cancer.
The Corporate Opportunity Structure for Shareholder Activism: How Activist Hedge Funds Exploit Board Demographic Diversity
Authors: DesJardine Mark R. , Shi Wei , Marti Emilio 
Published: May 2023

Inspired by research on social movements, we extend the idea that activists look for opportunities to target firms to the realm of financially motivated shareholder activists. Focusing on activist hedge funds, we argue that hedge fund campaigns are more likely to succeed when boards are slow and less united and that, compared with more homogeneous boards, demographically diverse boards tend to act more slowly and with less unity. Although these attributes make demographically diverse boards more effective under “normal” circumstances, they become a liability in confrontations with activist hedge funds. We, therefore, hypothesize that when subject to governance and performance problems, firms become more likely targets of activist hedge funds when they also have demographically diverse boards. To further probe our theory, we explore the opportunity recognition of activist hedge funds in two ways. First, we posit that this opportunity will be recognized and exploited primarily by experienced activist hedge funds. Second, we argue that activist hedge funds’ opportunity recognition is correct in so far that demographically diverse boards respond to activism campaigns in ways that are likely to benefit activist hedge funds. Using data on United States-based activism campaigns, we find support for our theory. By simultaneously studying problems and opportunities, this study establishes a foundation for examining when the disciplinary effect of shareholder activism may go awry and reveals why a strict business case for demographic diversity may be insufficient to align all shareholders behind board diversity. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1679 .
Influence of the activation method on the activity of the nickel catalyst
Authors: Zeynalov Elshan Tofig 
Published: May 2023

<p>The results of a comparative analysis of the influence of the activation method on the catalytic properties of a nickel diatomaceous earth catalyst during the conversion of isopropyl alcohol to acetone are presented. Studies of the activity of the catalyst in the reaction of gas-phase dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol were carried out on a flow-type laboratory installation at a temperature of 150-350ºC. The mechanical activation of the nickel diatomaceous earth catalyst was carried out in a planetary mill. Traditional activation included pre-heat treatment of nickel diatomaceous earth catalyst in an atmosphere of O<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> at 250°C; IR radiation was carried out using an incandescent lamp. It is shown that the nature of the activator determines the features of the formed surface nickel complexes. The activity of samples of the nickel diatomaceous earth catalyst subjected to activation by thermal reduction and thermal oxidation, as well as IR irradiation, testified to the low efficiency of these methods. A comparison of the activity of industrial nickel diatomaceous earth catalyst samples subjected to different activation methods showed that processing of samples by thermal reduction and thermal oxidation slightly increases the yield of acetone. In contrast, the original catalyst's IR irradiation and mechanical activation decreased its activity. Thus, thermal reduction and oxidation methods are promising for further research to increase the industrial nickel diatomaceous earth catalyst activity in dehydrogenating isopropyl alcohol into acetone. </p>
Adverse childhood experiences and pre-pregnancy body mass index in the HUNT study: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Sandsæter Heidi Linn , Eik-Nes Trine Tetlie , Getz Linn Okkenhaug , Magnussen Elisabeth Balstad , Bjerkeset Ottar , Rich-Edwards Janet W. , Horn Julie 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveInvestigate the association between adverse childhood experiences and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) in a population-based cohort in Trøndelag county, Norway.Materials and methodsWe linked data from the third (2006–2008) or fourth (2017–2019) survey of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway for 6679 women. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association between adverse childhood experiences and pre-pregnancy BMI. Adverse childhood experiences were self-reported in adulthood and included perceiving childhood as difficult, parental divorce, parental death, dysfunctional family environment, bad childhood memories and lack of support from a trusted adult. Pre-pregnancy BMI was derived from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway or BMI measurement from the HUNT survey conducted within 2 years prior to the woman’s pregnancy.ResultsPerceiving childhood as difficult was associated with higher odds of pre-pregnancy underweight (OR 1.78, 95%CI 0.99–3.22) and obesity (OR 1.58, 95%CI 1.14–2.2). A difficult childhood was positively associated with obesity with an adjusted OR of 1.19, 95%CI 0.79–1.81 (class I obesity), 2.32, 95%CI 1.35–4.01 (class II obesity) and 4.62, 95%CI 2.0–10.65 (class III obesity). Parental divorce was positively associated obesity (OR 1.34, 95%CI 1.10–1.63). Bad childhood memories were associated with both overweight (OR 1.34, 95%CI 1.01–1.79) and obesity (OR 1.63, 95%CI 1.13–2.34). Parental death was not associated with pre-pregnancy BMI.ConclusionsChildhood adversities were associated with pre-pregnancy BMI. Our results suggest that the positive associations between childhood adversities and pre-pregnancy obesity increased with increasing obesity level.
Abdelhalim Ibrahim Abdelhalim: An Architecture of Collective Memory, James Steele (2020)
Authors: El-Wakil Leïla 
Published: May 2023

Review of: Abdelhalim Ibrahim Abdelhalim: An Architecture of Collective Memory, James Steele (2020)
Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 194 pp., 31 b&w and 176 colour illus.,
ISBN: 9789774168901, €48 (hardback)
Effects of photovoltaic systems on the behavior of harmonic components in low voltage network
Authors: Lipták Róbert , Bodnár István 
Published: May 2023

Renewable energy sources, especially solar systems, have become increasingly important energy sources in recent times. Connecting large PV systems to utility networks can cause a number of operational problems for distribution networks. The extent of these problems depends directly on the percentage of PV penetration and the geographical location of the installation. Possible problems caused by PV systems: over-voltage, output power fluctuation, harmonic distortion, frequency fluctuation
Harmonic distortion is a serious energy quality problem which can occur in photovoltaic systems due to the use of power inverters that convert direct current to alternating current. The resulting harmonics can cause parallel and series resonances, transformer overheating, and protection device malfunctions, which can reduce the reliability of power supply systems.
Konsep Perlindungan Konsumen Terhadap Pengguna Jasa Penyeberangan Pincara
Authors: Jabalnur Jabalnur 
Published: May 2023

Abstrak: Konsep perlindungan konsumen terhadap pengguna jasa penyeberangan Pincara. Adapun tujuan dari penulisan karya ilmiah ini bertujuan memberikan konsep perlindungan konsumen atas pengunaan jasa pengangkutan Pincara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yang akan mengkaji dan menganalisis konsep perlindungan konsumen terhadap penggunaan jasa penyeberangan Pincara di Sungai Konaweeha Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Jenis penelitian ini normatif yang meliputi penelitian terhadap asas-asas hukum, sistematika hukum, perbandingan hukum, inventarisasi hukum positif, dasar falsafah (dogma atau dotrin) hukum positif. Adapun hasil penelitian yaitu konsep perlindungan konsumen dalam pengangkutan Pincara, berdasarkan pasal 1 angka 1 Perlindungan konsumen adalah segala upaya yang menjamin adanya kepastian hukum untuk memberi perlindungan kepala konsumen. Apabila terjadi kecelakaan dalam pengangkutan yang mengunakan jasa pincara maka pemilik pincara bertanggung jawab, Sesuai pasal 1 angka 3 Pelaku usaha adalah setiap orang perseorangan atau badan usaha, baik yang berbentuk badan hukum maupun bukan badan hukum. Adapun bentuk perlindungan konsumen yang dilakukan oleh pelaku usaha sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Pasal 19 ayat 1 Pelaku usaha bertanggung jawab memberikan ganti rugi atas kerusakan, pencemaran, dan atau kerugian konsumen akibat mengkonsumsi barang dan atau jasa yang dihasilkan atau diperdagangkan.Abstract: The concept of consumer protection for users of the Pincara ferry service. Whatever the purpose of writing this scientific work is to provide the concept of consumer protection for the use of pincara transportation services. This research is a normative legal research that will examine and analyze the concept of consumer protection for the use of pincara crossing services on the Konaweeha River, Southeast Sulawesi Province. Types of normative research include research on legal principles, legal systematics, comparative law, inventory of positive law, the basic philosophy (dogma or doctrine) of positive law. The results of the research are the concept of consumer protection in the transportation of pincara, based on article 1 number 1 Consumer protection is all efforts that guarantee legal certainty to provide protection for consumers' heads. If an accident occurs in transportation using loan services, the loan owner is responsible. In accordance with Article 1 point 3 Business actors are any individual or business entity, whether in the form of a legal entity or not a legal entity. As for the forms of consumer protection carried out by business actors as stipulated in Article 19 paragraph 1 Business actors are responsible for providing compensation for damage, pollution and or consumer losses as a result of consuming goods and or services produced or traded.
Analysis Of The Influence Of Company Size, Economic Performance, Leverage, And Foreign Ownership On Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure
Authors: Rasyid Dwiyan Al 
Published: May 2023

Purpose: This research aims to analyze the relationship between leverage, profitability, and foreign ownership on the disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility in the mining sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This study was conducted because, nowadays, companies globally are not only oriented toward high performance profits, but also towards social and environmental issues.
Methodology: The population of this research was 114 mining companies listed on the IDX during 2013-2015, with purposive sampling techniques resulting in 87 mining companies. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the effect of independent variables (company size, economic performance, leverage, and foreign ownership) on the dependent variable of Corporate Social Responsibility. The Corporate Social Responsibility index was measured using indicators disclosed by companies with the number of indicators set out in the G4 by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). Company size was determined by the amount of assets, Economic Performance was defined by return on assets (ROA), leverage was defined by the debt-to-asset ratio (DAR), and Foreign Ownership was defined by the amount of foreign ownership divided by the number of outstanding shares.
Findings: The results of this research show that Company Size, Economic Performance, and Foreign Ownership influence the disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility, in contrast, Leverage does not influence the disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility.
Novelty: This research uses a more comprehensive measurement standard for CSR disclosure than previous research, which used the G3 version 3.0 standard with 79 disclosure items. In this research, the G4 version 4.0 standard released by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is used, which has 91 disclosure items
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Company Size, Economic Performance, Leverage, and Foreign Ownership.