bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and outcomes of uterine rupture in women with unscarred, preterm or prelabour uteri: data from the international network of obstetric survey systems
Authors: Vandenberghe Griet , Vierin Anne , Bloemenkamp Kitty , Berlage Sylvia , Colmorn Lotte , Deneux‐Tharaux Catherine , Donati Serena , Gissler Mika , Knight M. , Langhoff‐Roos Jens , Lindqvist Pelle G. , Maier Barbara , van Roosmalen Jos , Zwart Joost , Roelens Kristien ,   INOSS (the International Network of Obstetrics Survey Systems)
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveAnalysis of atypical cases of uterine rupture, namely, uterine rupture occurring in unscarred, preterm or prelabour uteri.DesignDescriptive multi‐country population‐based study.SettingTen high‐income countries within the International Network of Obstetric Survey Systems.PopulationWomen with unscarred, preterm or prelabour ruptured uteri.MethodsWe merged prospectively collected individual patient data in ten population‐based studies of women with complete uterine rupture. In this analysis, we focused on women with uterine rupture of unscarred, preterm or prelabour ruptured uteri.Main Outcome MeasuresIncidence, women's characteristics, presentation and maternal and perinatal outcome.ResultsWe identified 357 atypical uterine ruptures in 3 064 923 women giving birth. Estimated incidence was 0.2 per 10 000 women (95% CI 0.2–0.3) in the unscarred uteri, 0.5 (95% CI 0.5–0.6) in the preterm uteri, 0.7 (95% CI 0.6–0.8) in the prelabour uteri, and 0.5 (95% CI 0.4–0.5) in the group with no previous caesarean. Atypical uterine rupture resulted in peripartum hysterectomy in 66 women (18.5%, 95% CI 14.3–23.5%), three maternal deaths (0.84%, 95% CI 0.17–2.5%) and perinatal death in 62 infants (19.7%, 95% CI 15.1–25.3%).ConclusionsUterine rupture in preterm, prelabour or unscarred uteri are extremely uncommon but were associated with severe maternal and perinatal outcome. We found a mix of risk factors in unscarred uteri, most preterm uterine ruptures occurred in caesarean‐scarred uteri and most prelabour uterine ruptures in ‘otherwise’ scarred uteri. This study may increase awareness among clinicians and raise suspicion of the possibility of uterine rupture under these less expected conditions.
Analysis of the impact of peritoneal dialysis catheter tail‐end design on catheter‐related complications
Authors: Zou Hong‐chang , Gao Ming‐ming , Chen Yan‐xia , Xu Cheng‐yun , Tu Wei‐ping , Qin Xiao‐hua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate the impact of peritoneal dialysis catheter (PDC) tail‐end design variations on PDC‐related complications.MethodEffective data were extracted from databases. The literature was evaluated according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, and a meta‐analysis was conducted.ResultsAnalysis revealed that the straight‐tailed catheter was superior to the curled‐tailed catheter in minimizing catheter displacement and complication‐induced catheter removal (RR = 1.73, 95%CI:1.18–2.53, p = 0.005). In terms of complication‐induced PDC removal, the straight‐tailed catheter was superior to the curled‐tailed catheter (RR = 1.55, 95%CI: 1.15–2.08, p = 0.004).ConclusionCurled‐tail design of the catheter increased the risk of catheter displacement and complication‐induced catheter removal, whereas the straight‐tailed catheter was superior to the curled‐tailed catheter in terms of reducing catheter displacement and complication‐induced catheter removal. However, the analysis and comparison of factors such as leakage, peritonitis, exit‐site infection, and tunnel infection did not reveal a statistically significant difference between the two designs.
Evidence for an alcohol‐related “harm paradox” in individuals with internalizing disorders: Test and replication in two independent community samples
Authors: Anker Justin J. , Thuras Paul , Shuai Ruichong , Hogarth Lee , Kushner Matt G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundInternalizing (anxiety and mood) disorders (INTD) commonly co‐occur (are “comorbid”) with alcohol use disorder (AUD). The literature suggests that excessive alcohol use aimed at coping with INTD symptoms is, at best, a partial explanation for the high comorbidity rates observed. We hypothesized that individuals with INTD experience greater susceptibility to developing AUD symptoms due to the partially shared neurobiological dysfunctions underlying both conditions. We probe this hypothesis by testing the prediction that, after accounting for the volume of alcohol intake, individuals with INTD experience higher levels of alcohol‐related symptoms.MethodsData from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol‐Related Conditions (NESARC) Wave 3 were used for the primary analyses, and NESARC Wave 1 data were used for independent replication analyses. Individuals who reported any alcohol use in the prior year were categorized as: (1) never having had an INTD diagnosis (“INTD‐Never”); (2) having a remitted INTD diagnosis only (“INTD‐Remitted”); or (3) having current INTD diagnosis (“INTD‐Current”). Between‐group contrasts of alcohol‐related symptoms controlled for total alcohol intake (past year), drinking pattern (e.g., binging) and variables previously shown to mark exaggerated AUD symptoms relative to drinking amount (e.g., SES, gender, and family history).ResultsWith all covariates in the model, individuals in the INTD‐Current group and the INTD‐Remitted group reported significantly greater alcohol‐related symptoms than those in the INTD‐Never group but did not themselves differ in level of alcohol‐related symptoms. These results were replicated in the NESARC 1 dataset.ConclusionsIndividuals with INTD experience more alcohol‐related symptoms than those who drink at the same level. While considering other explanations, we argue that this “harm paradox” is best explained by the view that INTD confers a neurobiologically mediated susceptibility to the development of AUD symptoms.
Non‐GAAP earnings and executive compensation: An experiment
Authors: Brosnan Mark , Duncan Keith , Hasso Tim , Hollindale Janice 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLiterature suggests investors react to the presence, presentation and prominence of non‐GAAP earnings disclosures. We extend this literature by considering the purpose of non‐GAAP earnings disclosures and their effect on investors' judgements and decisions. We find when non‐GAAP earnings are used to determine executive compensation, investors assign a higher evaluation of financial performance and invest more capital. Consistent with attribution theory, our mediation model finds that using non‐GAAP earnings to remunerate executives strengthens the informative perception of non‐GAAP earnings disclosures, influencing their evaluation and investment decision. Contrary to prior literature, we find investors intentionally rely on non‐GAAP earnings in decision‐making.
Association between childhood maltreatment and social functioning in individuals with affective disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fares‐Otero Natalia E. , De Prisco Michele , Oliva Vincenzo , Radua Joaquim , Halligan Sarah L. , Vieta Eduard , Martinez‐Aran Anabel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveChildhood maltreatment has been linked to impairments in social functioning and social cognition in adults with affective disorders. However, conclusions have been limited by inconsistent findings across different maltreatment subtypes and social domains. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to quantify associations between childhood maltreatment (overall and subtypes ‐ physical, emotional and/or sexual abuse, and/or physical and/or emotional neglect) and different domains of social functioning and social cognition in adults with affective disorders (bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder). We also examined effect moderators and mediators of these associations.MethodsA systematic search was performed on 12.12.2022 which identified 29 studies included in qualitative synthesis (n = 3022 individuals with affective disorders), of which 27 (n = 2957) were pooled in meta‐analyses. Across studies, five social functioning and five social cognition domains were examined, of which four domains of social functioning and two domains of social cognition had sufficient data for meta‐analysis (PROSPERO CRD42022288976).ResultsSocial functioning: childhood maltreatment was associated with lower global social functioning (r = −0.11 to −0.20), poorer interpersonal relations (r = −0.18 to −0.33), and with aggressive behaviour (r = 0.20–0.29) but was unrelated to vocational functioning. Emotional abuse and emotional neglect showed the largest magnitudes of effect. Social cognition: there was no meta‐analytic evidence of associations between maltreatment and social cognition domains. Exploratory moderation analyses did not identify any consistent moderators. Narrative synthesis identified attachment style as possible moderator, and sensory patterns, anxiety, and depressive symptoms as possible mediators between childhood maltreatment and social outcomes. Overall, the available evidence was limited, particularly in relation to social cognition.ConclusionsAdults with affective disorders are at risk of social functioning difficulties after childhood maltreatment exposure, an effect observed across multiple maltreatment subtypes, social functioning domains, and diagnoses. Addressing social functioning problems may benefit maltreated adults with both bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder.
An uncommon case of Wellen's syndrome
Authors: Hu Haoran , Wang Chunfang , Gao Ning , Zhang Xiaofei , Wang Jian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWellen's syndrome, a STEMI equivalent, is associated with severe stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) in a patient with chest pain who needs emergency coronary angiography with the possibility of intervention. Due to only T wave changes in the electrocardiograph (ECG), Wellen's syndrome was easily ignored. Moreover, it may progress to acute myocardial infarction or even cardiac arrest. Therefore, clinicians should improve their understanding of this ECG pattern and appropriately dilate the coronary angiography indication. In addition, more dangerous narrowing of a coronary artery, as in our case, the left main artery stenosis, should also be considered.
Single cell G‐protein coupled receptor profiling of activated kidney fibroblasts expressing transcription factor 21
Authors: Kaur Harmandeep , Yerra Veera Ganesh , Batchu Sri Nagarjun , Tran Duc Tin , Kabir M. D. Golam , Liu Youan , Advani Suzanne L. , Sedrak Phelopater , Geldenhuys Laurette , Tennankore Karthik K. , Poyah Penelope , Siddiqi Ferhan S. , Advani Andrew 
Published: April 2023

Background and PurposeActivated fibroblasts deposit fibrotic matrix in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most druggable therapeutic targets. Here, we set out to establish a transcriptional profile that identifies activated kidney fibroblasts and the GPCRs that they express.Experimental ApproachRNA sequencing and single cell qRT‐PCR were performed on mouse kidneys after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Candidate expression was evaluated in mice with UUO or diabetes or injected with adriamycin or folic acid. Intervention studies were conducted in mice with diabetes or UUO. Correlative histology was performed in human kidney tissue.Key ResultsTranscription factor 21 (Tcf21)+ cells that expressed 2 or 3 of Postn, Acta2 and Pdgfra were highly enriched for fibrogenic genes and were defined as activated kidney fibroblasts. Tcf21+ α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA)+ interstitial cells accumulated in kidneys of mice with UUO or diabetes or injected with adriamycin or folic acid, whereas renin‐angiotensin system blockade attenuated increases in Tcf21 in diabetic mice. Fifty‐six GPCRs were up‐regulated in single Tcf21+ kidney fibroblasts, the most up‐regulated being Adgra2 and S1pr3. Adenosine receptors, Adora2a/2b, were up‐regulated in Tcf21+ fibroblasts and the adenosine receptor antagonist, caffeine decreased Tcf21 upregulation and kidney fibrosis in UUO mice. TCF21, ADGRA2, S1PR3 and ADORA2A/2B were each detectable in α‐SMA+ interstitial cells in human kidney samples.Conclusion and ImplicationsTcf21 is a marker of kidney fibroblasts that are enriched for fibrogenic genes in CKD. Further analysis of the GPCRs expressed by these cells may identify new targets for treating CKD.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Translational Advances in Fibrosis as a Therapeutic Target. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.22/issuetoc
Family play, reading, and other stimulation and early childhood development in five low‐and‐middle‐income countries
Authors: Cuartas Jorge , McCoy Dana , Sánchez Juliana , Behrman Jere , Cappa Claudia , Donati Georgina , Heymann Jody , Lu Chunling , Raikes Abbie , Rao Nirmala , Richter Linda , Stein Alan , Yoshikawa Hirokazu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper used longitudinal data from five studies conducted in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Ethiopia, and Rwanda to examine the links between family stimulation and early childhood development outcomes (N = 4904; Mage = 51.5; 49% girls). Results from random‐effects and more conservative child‐fixed effects models indicate that across these studies, family stimulation, measured by caregivers’ engagement in nine activities (e.g., reading, playing, singing), predicted increments in children's early numeracy, literacy, social‐emotional, motor, and executive function skills (standardized associations ranged from 0.05 to 0.11 SD). Study‐specific models showed variability in the estimates, with null associations in two out of the five studies. These findings indicate the need for additional research on culturally specific ways in which caregivers may support early development and highlight the importance of promoting family stimulation to catalyze positive developmental trajectories in global contexts.Research Highlights
Research on the links between family stimulation and early childhood development in low‐and‐middle‐income countries (LMICs) is limited.
We used longitudinal data from studies conducted in five LMICs to examine the links between family stimulation and early childhood development outcomes.
Results suggest that family stimulation predicted increments in children's numeracy, literacy, social‐emotional, motor, and executive function skills.
We found variability in the observed estimates, with null associations in two out of the five studies, suggesting the need for additional research in LMICs.
Epileptic spasms in CDKL5 deficiency disorder: Delayed treatment and poor response to first‐line therapies
Authors: Olson Heather E. , Demarest Scott , Pestana‐Knight Elia , Moosa Ahsan N. , Zhang Xiaoming , Pérez‐Pérez José R. , Weisenberg Judy , O’Connor Prange Erin , Marsh Eric D. , Rajaraman Rajsekar R. , Suter Bernhard , Katyayan Akshat , Haviland Isabel , Daniels Carolyn , Zhang Bo , Greene Caitlin , DeLeo Michelle , Swanson Lindsay , Love‐Nichols Jamie , Benke Timothy , Harini Chellamani , Poduri Annapurna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to assess the treatment response of infantile‐onset epileptic spasms (ES) in CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) vs other etiologies.MethodsWe evaluated patients with ES from the CDKL5 Centers of Excellence and the National Infantile Spasms Consortium (NISC), with onset from 2 months to 2 years, treated with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), oral corticosteroids, vigabatrin, and/or the ketogenic diet. We excluded children with tuberous sclerosis complex, trisomy 21, or unknown etiology with normal development because of known differential treatment responses. We compared the two cohorts for time to treatment and ES remission at 14 days and 3 months.ResultsWe evaluated 59 individuals with CDD (79% female, median ES onset 6 months) and 232 individuals from the NISC database (46% female, median onset 7 months). In the CDD cohort, seizures prior to ES were common (88%), and hypsarrhythmia and its variants were present at ES onset in 34%. Initial treatment with ACTH, oral corticosteroids, or vigabatrin started within 1 month of ES onset in 27 of 59 (46%) of the CDD cohort and 182 of 232 (78%) of the NISC cohort (p < .0001). Fourteen‐day clinical remission of ES was lower for the CDD group (26%, 7/27) than for the NISC cohort (58%, 106/182, p = .0002). Sustained ES remission at 3 months occurred in 1 of 27 (4%) of CDD patients vs 96 of 182 (53%) of the NISC cohort (p < .0001). Comparable results were observed with longer lead time (≥1 month) or prior treatment. Ketogenic diet, used within 3 months of ES onset, resulted in ES remission at 1 month, sustained at 3 months, in at least 2 of 13 (15%) individuals with CDD.SignificanceCompared to the broad group of infants with ES, children with ES in the setting of CDD often experience longer lead time to treatment and respond poorly to standard treatments. Development of alternative treatments for ES in CDD is needed.
Project ABC: Unanticipated affinities and affect in hospital health care
Authors: Conceição Ana , Major Maria , Clegg Stewart 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we present an analysis of how activity‐based costing (ABC) was included among austerity policy prescriptions within the healthcare sector. Relying on the proposition that an increasing quality of outcomes is achievable simultaneously with a reduction in costs, ABC straddled tensions between the logics of care and business for clinicians but not for administrators. We draw on case study research and use institutional logics and related approaches to analyze how the introduction of ABC became a device that improved communication by clinicians with administrators. When actors’ interests and motivations were aligned, ABC was able to offer professional clinicians value in the hospital in question. The study demonstrates how and why competing logics can coexist where there is ability to affect decision‐making.
Does fishing dismantle fish culture and ecosystem structure? Questions about the implications of social learning among fish and fishers
Authors: Wilson James A. , Giske Jarl 
Published: April 2023

AbstractScientific awareness of social learning, especially among vertebrates, has expanded rapidly in recent decades. That literature suggests that social learning may be a second adaptive mechanism that interacts with and refines genetic adaptation. For an individual fish, learning from others reduces the costs of acquiring experience‐based behaviours and minimizes the hazards that arise from imperfect knowledge of local regularities. For a group of fish, social learning facilitates the evolution of time and place behaviours that work in its locality. It spreads those behaviours within the group and to subsequent generations. Thus, social learning enables persistent adaptation at a finer scale than might be possible through genetic processes alone. Strong evidence of genetic differentiation at less than a panmictic scale and persistent local depletions suggests regular, fine‐scale system structure. Social learning may play an important role in creating and maintaining this finer‐scale structure. Fishers' learned adaptations to the market and natural system usually lead them to target larger/older fish and fish aggregations at familiar times and places. However, older fish are likely to be the principal repository of the time‐and‐place experience required for local growth, survival, and reproduction, while social aggregations are important schools in which younger fish acquire the experience of older fish. Consequently, if adaptation through social learning is important among fish, there is reason to be concerned that heavy fishing of social learners reduces their abundance, as usually assumed, and impairs the inheritance of the socially learned experience required for persistent local adaptation.
Lineage tracing identifies in vitro microglia‐to‐neuron conversion by NeuroD1 expression
Authors: Irie Takashi , Matsuda‐Ito Kanae , Matsuda Taito , Masuda Takahiro , Prinz Marco , Isobe Noriko , Nakashima Kinichi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNeuronal regeneration to replenish lost neurons after injury is critical for brain repair. Microglia, brain‐resident macrophages that have the propensity to accumulate at the site of injury, can be a potential source for replenishing lost neurons through fate conversion into neurons, induced by forced expression of neuronal lineage‐specific transcription factors. However, it has not been strictly demonstrated that microglia, rather than central nervous system‐associated macrophages, such as meningeal macrophages, convert into neurons. Here, we show that NeuroD1‐transduced microglia can be successfully converted into neurons in vitro using lineage‐mapping strategies. We also found that a chemical cocktail treatment further promoted NeuroD1‐induced microglia‐to‐neuron conversion. NeuroD1 with loss‐of‐function mutation, on the other hand, failed to induce the neuronal conversion. Our results indicate that microglia are indeed reprogrammed into neurons by NeuroD1 with neurogenic transcriptional activity.
A double‐blind placebo controlled study of terfenadine in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria.
Authors: Salisbury J , Bor S , Blair C 
Published: April 2023

SummaryA double‐blind randomised cross‐over comparison of terfenadine and placebo in the treatment of idiopathic urticaria is reported. Nineteen patients aged 12 years or more were admitted to the study after investigation had failed to reveal any precipitating causes for their urticaria. They were treated with terfenadine 60 mg bd or placebo bd for seven days, followed by a seven day wash‐out period and a further seven days of the opposite treatment. Patients kept daily diary cards recording degree of itch, number of wheals and size of wheals. Results show that terfenadine treatment relieved the symptoms of urticaria to a much greater degree than placebo, and that this was statistically of high significance. Patients were asked whether they preferred the first or second treatment method, and of the 12 who expressed a preference, 11 selected active treatment.It is concluded that terfenadine is an effective treatment for chronic idiopathic urticaria.
Is oral cefuroxime axetil suitable for the treatment of unidentified bacterial infection of skin and soft tissue?
Authors: Gudgeon A C , Vandenburg M J , Wight L J , Griffiths G K , Kelsey M 
Published: April 2023

SummaryPatients presenting to the general practitioner with a variety of skin and soft tissue infections thought to be bacterial in origin, were entered into a study to assess the safety and efficacy of a seven‐day course of oral cefuroxime axetil 250 mg bd for these conditions. Ninety‐seven patients entered the study, the majority of whom had cellulitis (31 per cent), abscesses (12 per cent) and wound infections (11 per cent).All parameters improved during the study. The number of patients with local discharge decreased from 46 per cent to 16 per cent, the number with oedema from 80 per cent to 25 per cent, the number with pain from 92 per cent to 18 per cent and with ulceration from 21 per cent to 12 per cent. An overall clinical improvement occurred in 95 per cent of patients, independent of the condition being treated. Eleven patients had 22 adverse events, mild or moderate in severity. Eighty‐six per cent of patients were satisfied with the medication. It was concluded that cefuroxime axetil produced a very acceptable response in patients with skin and soft tissue infection.