bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holstein–Primakoff (H‐P) Approach to Determine the Optical Response of Hybrid Optomechanical System Containing Multiple Quantum Dots
Authors: Bhatt Vijay , Yadav Surabhi , Jha Pradip K. , Bhattacherjee Aranya B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA theoretical model is presented to study the hybrid optomechanical system comprising an ensemble of N number of quantum dots (QDs). Utilizing the Holstein–Primakoff (H‐P) transformation formalism, the calculations become easily scalable. The bistability in this hybrid optomechanical system is studied in the presence of third order nonlinear χ(3) medium using the H‐P transformation method and to verify the results, numerical method has also been utilized. It is also demonstrated that the system's parameters may be tuned to alter the bistability phenomenon and absorption spectrum's response, which exhibits both positive and negative absorption (emission). This alternative approach (H‐P transform) is demonstrated to solve analytically the system containing multiple QDs in an elegant manner.
Redox‐Active Mixed‐Linker Metal–Organic Frameworks with Switchable Semiconductive Characteristics for Tailorable Chemiresistive Sensing
Authors: Zhou Xiao‐Cheng , Liu Cheng , Su Jian , Liu Yi‐Fan , Mu Zhangyan , Sun Yamei , Yang Zhi‐Mei , Yuan Shuai , Ding Mengning , Zuo Jing‐Lin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs), with diverse metal nodes and designable organic linkers, offer unique opportunities for the rational engineering of semiconducting properties. In this work, we report a mixed‐linker conductive MOF system with both tetrathiafulvalene and Ni‐bis(dithiolene) moieties, which allows the fine‐tuning of electronic structures and semiconductive characteristics. By continuously increasing the molar ratio between tetrathiafulvalene and Ni‐bis(dithiolene), the switching of the semiconducting behaviors from n‐type to p‐type was observed along with an increase in electrical conductivity by 3 orders of magnitude (from 2.88×10−7 S m−1 to 9.26×10−5 S m−1). Furthermore, mixed‐linker MOFs were applied for the chemiresistive detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), where the sensing performance was modulated by the corresponding linker ratios, showing synergistic and nonlinear modulation effects.
Design of a Process‐Intensified Liquid‐Liquid Extraction Cell for Higher Temperature and Pressure
Authors: Sakthithasan Piriyanth , Orth Luisa , Venhuis Maximilian , Kockmann Norbert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLiquid‐liquid extraction is performed in most cases at moderate temperatures to utilize its energy‐efficient advantages. A new concept of a process‐intensified extraction device for liquid‐liquid systems at increased temperature and pressure is presented. The design of the extraction device with its new subsystems, such as stirrer and pulsation, including a safety concept, is discussed within this work. Further, a mechanical stability analysis is shown to prove the usability of the extraction device for increased temperature and pressure.
Transition Metal‐Promoted Carbon‐Silicon Solid Acid Catalysts for the Synthesis and Process Optimization of Benzaldehyde Glycol Acetal
Authors: Han Xiaoxiang , Yang Shuifen , Chen Ziyi , Zeng Zhiwei , Cai Jinwang , Chen Qing , Pan Weichun , Tang Xiujuan , Wang Yanbo , Liu Shang‐Bin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA series of transition metal (M)‐promoted carbon‐silicon (C−M−Si; M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr) solid acid catalysts with designated molar ratio of M/Si=1 : 8 were fabricated and exploited for acetalization of benzaldehyde (BzH) with ethylene glycol (EG). The physical and chemical properties of these C−M−Si catalysts prepared by sol‐gel method were characterized by various techniques, namely, SEM, EDS, TGA‐DTG, BET, XRD, FTIR, XPS, and NH3‐TPD. Among various examined acidic C−M−Si catalysts, the C−Fe−Si catalyst exhibited the optimal catalytic activity with the benzaldehyde glycol acetal (BEGA) yield of 97.67 %, in excellent agreement with the value (97.88 %) predicted by the response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box‐Behnken design (BBD). C−Fe−Si catalyst with the high catalytic activities and excellent stability and reusability may be ascribed to the suitable acidity and uniform surface distribution of active sites requisite for the acid‐catalyzed acetalization reaction.
Electrophotochemical Metal‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Decarboxylative Cyanation
Authors: Yang Kai , Wang Yukang , Luo Sanzhong , Fu Niankai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn contrast to the rapid growth of electrophotocatalysis in recent years, enantioselective catalytic reactions powered by this unique methodology remain rare. In this work, we report an electrophotochemical metal‐catalyzed protocol for direct asymmetric decarboxylative cyanation of aliphatic carboxylic acids. The synergistic merging of electrophotochemical cerium catalysis and asymmetric electrochemical copper catalysis permits mild reaction conditions for the formation and utilization of the key carbon centered radicals by combining the power of light and electrical energy. Electrophotochemical cerium catalysis enables radical decarboxylation to produce alkyl radicals, which could be effectively intercepted by asymmetric electrochemical copper catalysis for the construction of C−CN bonds in a highly stereoselective fashion. This environmentally benign method smoothly converts a diverse array of arylacetic acids into the corresponding alkyl nitriles in good yields and enantioselectivities without using chemical oxidants or pre‐functionalization of the acid substrates and can be readily scaled up.
Circular depolarization spectroscopy: A new tool to study photo‐imprinting of chirality
Authors: Kulkarni Chidambar , Sakaino Hirotoshi , Vantomme Ghislaine , Meskers Stefan C. J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhen irradiating a molecular material containing photo‐isomerizable groups with pure circularly polarized light, a particular handedness may get imprinted into the material. To study the mechanism and kinetics of this process in situ and operando, we have developed a new chiroptical tool where the circular polarization of the incident circularly polarized light is monitored after transmission through the photoactive layer. Practical limits to the resolution and sensitivity of the measurements as well as its calibration are discussed. To aid interpretation of experimental results, we present kinetic Monte Carlo simulations on a model for the active material involving photo‐induced reorientation of molecules in a cholesteric organization. The simulations support the interpretation of a transient minimum in the degree of circular polarization of the transmitted light in terms of a nematic transient state during photo‐inversion of a cholesteric organization in the molecular material.
Enzymatic (2R,4R)‐Pentanediol Synthesis – “Putting a Bottle on the Table”
Authors: Sehl Torsten , Seibt Lisa , Kappauf Katrin , Ergezinger Pia , Spöring Jan-Dirk , Mielke Kristina , Doeker Moritz , Verma Neha , Bocola Marco , Daußmann Thomas , Chen Haibin , Shi Shumin , Jupke Andreas , Rother Dörte 
Published: January 2023

Abstract(2R,4R)‐Pentanediol is an interesting precursor for the synthesis of chiral ligands. A ketoreductase (KRED) was employed for the asymmetric reduction of acetylacetone to this diol. Biocatalysis often suffers from low concentrations of hydrophobic substrates and low stability of the enzyme in unconventional media. Here, we present an engineered KRED variant applicable in a neat substrate system, including upscaling to the multi‐liter scale and downstream processing (DSP). Our engineered KRED applied in a neat substrate system is a powerful technique for the synthesis of chiral diols yielding product concentrations of 208 g L−1.
Glucagon in type 2 diabetes: Friend or foe?
Authors: Caruso Irene , Marrano Nicola , Biondi Giuseppina , Genchi Valentina Annamaria , D'Oria Rossella , Sorice Gian Pio , Perrini Sebastio , Cignarelli Angelo , Natalicchio Annalisa , Laviola Luigi , Giorgino Francesco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHyperglucagonemia is one of the ‘ominous’ eight factors underlying the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Glucagon is a peptide hormone involved in maintaining glucose homoeostasis by increasing hepatic glucose output to counterbalance insulin action. Long neglected, the introduction of dual and triple agonists exploiting glucagon signalling pathways has rekindled the interest in this hormone beyond its classic effect on glycaemia. Glucagon can promote weight loss by regulating food intake, energy expenditure, and brown and white adipose tissue functions through mechanisms still to be fully elucidated, thus its role in T2D pathogenesis should be further investigated. Moreover, the role of glucagon in the development of T2D micro‐ and macro‐vascular complications is elusive. Mounting evidence suggests its beneficial effect in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, while few studies postulated its favourable role in peripheral neuropathy and retinopathy. Contrarily, glucagon receptor agonism might induce renal changes resembling diabetic nephropathy, and data concerning glucagon actions on the cardiovascular system are conflicting. This review aims to summarise the available findings on the role of glucagon in the pathogenesis of T2D and its complications. Further experimental and clinical data are warranted to better understand the implications of glucagon signalling modulation with new antidiabetic drugs.
Development of the simplified spring‐based nonlinear models for full‐connection cold‐formed steel‐framed gypsum partition walls
Authors: Lotfy Iraj , Salkhordeh Mojtaba , Soroushian Siavash , Rahmanishamsi Esmaeel , Maragakis Emmanuel M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe role of nonstructural components in performance‐based earthquake engineering is undeniable because of their significant contribution to the total investments in buildings. Gypsum partition walls are one of the main sources of seismic damage among other nonstructural components. As a result, researchers developed various detailed numerical modeling techniques for simulating the seismic performance of these walls. Although detailed characteristics of the walls are considered in these models by means of different nonlinear elements, these micro‐models are not appropriate to be incorporated into their parent building models due to their extensive computational cost. Therefore, this study proposes a simplified spring‐based modeling technique to facilitate the simulation of gypsum partition walls in macro building models. For this purpose, the hysteresis behavior of full‐connection gypsum partition walls is modeled using a nonlinear springs element with a parametric material model designated in the “” platform as the “” constitutive model. The proposed spring‐based models are then validated through the hysteresis behavior of the micro‐finite element models available in the literature. These spring models are developed to consider several construction and geometric variations such as the stud/track thickness, the distance from the center of screws to the edge of the gypsum board, the distance from the center of screws to the edge of the stud/track flanges, construction quality, and the aspect ratio of the walls. Results from this study prove that the proposed technique shows a promising accuracy besides its simplicity and effective computational cost.
Design, manufacturing, and testing of a hybrid self‐centering brace for seismic resilience of buildings
Authors: Shi Fei , Lin Zicheng , Li Qihao , Ozbulut Osman E. , He Zhiming , Zhou Yun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study explores the development of a shape memory alloy (SMA)‐based hybrid self‐centering brace that combines NiTi superelastic cables with viscoelastic dampers. First, the behavior of individual components of the hybrid self‐centering brace, that is, SMA cables and viscoelastic damper is characterized under various experimental conditions. Then, three prototype hybrid self‐centering braces with a maximum force capacity of 172 kN are designed and fabricated. The experimental tests are conducted to reveal the response of the hybrid self‐centering braces under increasing loading displacement amplitude. The effect of loading rate and training loading cycles on the mechanical response of the braces are also analyzed. Furthermore, the low‐cycle fatigue behavior of the hybrid self‐centering braces is evaluated by testing two of the braces for up to 30 loading cycles at a relatively large displacement amplitude. For each experimental condition, the variation of certain mechanical properties such as equivalent stiffness and equivalent viscous damping are evaluated and analyzed. Three case‐study frames with various bracing systems (i.e., SMA brace, viscoelastic brace, and hybrid self‐centering brace) are designed and modeled in OpenSees. Nonlinear dynamic analyses are carried out under 44 far‐field ground motion records to illustrate the advantages of hybrid self‐centering brace on structural seismic performance. The results indicate that the developed SMA‐based hybrid self‐centering braces provide an average of 9% equivalent viscous damping at different loading amplitudes with a complete self‐centering characteristic. The response of the bracing system is not affected considerably by loading rate, but it is found to be sensitive to cyclic loading. The steel frame with hybrid self‐centering braces is capable of leveraging the benefits of self‐centering ability and energy dissipation capacity.
Compressed air storage: Opportunities and sustainability issues
Authors: Hamiche Ait Mimoune , Stambouli A. B. , Flazi S. , Koinuma H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs an effective strategy to implement electrical load shifting and to encourage the use of alternative renewable energies, such as solar and wind generation, the energy storage system plays an important role in the energy internet and the smart grid. Compressed air energy storage is a promising technique due to its efficiency, cleanliness, long life, and low cost. This paper reviews CAES technologies and seeks to demonstrate CAES's models, fundamentals, operating modes, and classifications. Application perspectives are described to promote the popularisation of CAES in the energy internet and smart grids. We review recent work on CAES. We evaluate and analyse these results to discover gaps and opportunities. The most important results indicate that CAES is generally considered an EES (electrical energy storage) option for wind power integration. However, current research is beginning to investigate CAES in combination with solar energy systems. Gaps may be identified in the study associated with CAES for microgrid integration and demand management which are future uses of CAES.
Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Oxidative Stress in the Regioselective Toxicities of Hydroxychrysenes in Embryonic Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Tanabe Philip , Schlenk Daniel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oxy-PAHs) are environmental contaminants that can be created through oxidation of parent PAHs. Previous studies have found that 2-hydroxychrysene (2-OHCHR) caused anemia in embryonic Japanese medaka whereas 6-hydroxychrysene (6-OHCHR) did not, an example of regioselective toxicity. Anemia was prevented by cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibition, which reduced the formation of the potential oxidatively active metabolite, 1,2-catechol, from 2-OHCHR. 2-OHCHR has also been found to be a four-fold more potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist compared with 6-OHCHR. These findings led us to hypothesize that AhR activation and/or oxidative stress play an important role in 2-OHCHR toxicity. Although treatments with the AhR agonists polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)126 and 2-methoxychrysene (2-MeOCHR) did not cause significant toxicity, pretreatments with the AhR antagonist, CH-223191, reduced anemia by 97.2 ± 0.84% and mortality by 96.6 ± 0.69%. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor inhibition by the antagonist was confirmed by significant reductions (91.0 ± 9.94%) in induced ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentrations were 32.9 ± 3.56% higher (p &lt; 0.05) in 2-OHCHR treatments at 100 hours postfertilization compared with controls. Staining 2-OHCHR-treated embryos with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate revealed 32.6 ± 2.69% of 2-OHCHR-treated embryos exhibiting high concentrations of ROS in caudal tissues, which is a site for embryonic hematopoiesis in medaka. Pretreatment with antioxidants, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or vitamin E (Vit E) significantly reduced 2-OHCHR-induced anemia (NAC: 80.7 ± 1.12% and Vit E: 99.1 ± 0.43%) and mortality (NAC: 67.1 ± 1.69% and Vit E: 98.9 ± 0.66%). These results indicate that AhR may mediate 2-OHCHR toxicity through canonical signaling by up-regulating CYP1, enhancing the formation of reactive metabolites of 2-OHCHR that generate ROS within caudal hematopoietic tissues, potentially disrupting hematopoiesis, leading to anemia and subsequent mortality. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:698–706. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Ginseng polysaccharides ameliorate abnormal lipid metabolism caused by acute alcoholic liver injury by promoting autophagy
Authors: Qi Xin , Sun Xihan , Wang Muyao , Wang Mei , Qi Zhanwen , Cui Chengbi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe study aimed to examine the effect of ginseng polysaccharide (GP) on acute alcoholic liver injury (AALI) and determine its underlying molecular mechanism. GP's in vitro and in vivo hepatoprotective effects were evaluated using LO2 cells and alcohol‐induced C57BL/6 male mice. Cell Counting Kit‐8, immunofluorescence, hematoxylin‐eosin, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot (WB) were used to detect alcohol‐induced lipid metabolism and autophagy levels in LO2 cells and liver. It was mainly composed of glucose, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 12.9:1.6:1.0. Experiments in vitro demonstrated that administration of GP to LO2 cells significantly increased the alcohol‐induced increase in cell viability. In addition, it can inhibit lipogenesis, enhance lipolysis, and stimulate autophagy. In alcohol‐induced mice, GP also inhibited hepatic histological lesions, prevented alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase elevation, improved abnormal lipid metabolism, and boosted hepatocyte autophagy. In vivo and in vivo analysis of the underlying mechanisms revealed that GP promotes the expression of proteins in autophagy in AALI thereby alleviating it.
Neural representations of the perception of handwritten digits and visual objects from a convolutional neural network compared to humans
Authors: Lee Juhyeon , Jung Minyoung , Lustig Niv , Lee Jong‐Hwan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe investigated neural representations for visual perception of 10 handwritten digits and six visual objects from a convolutional neural network (CNN) and humans using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Once our CNN model was fine‐tuned using a pre‐trained VGG16 model to recognize the visual stimuli from the digit and object categories, representational similarity analysis (RSA) was conducted using neural activations from fMRI and feature representations from the CNN model across all 16 classes. The encoded neural representation of the CNN model exhibited the hierarchical topography mapping of the human visual system. The feature representations in the lower convolutional (Conv) layers showed greater similarity with the neural representations in the early visual areas and parietal cortices, including the posterior cingulate cortex. The feature representations in the higher Conv layers were encoded in the higher‐order visual areas, including the ventral/medial/dorsal stream and middle temporal complex. The neural representations in the classification layers were observed mainly in the ventral stream visual cortex (including the inferior temporal cortex), superior parietal cortex, and prefrontal cortex. There was a surprising similarity between the neural representations from the CNN model and the neural representations for human visual perception in the context of the perception of digits versus objects, particularly in the primary visual and associated areas. This study also illustrates the uniqueness of human visual perception. Unlike the CNN model, the neural representation of digits and objects for humans is more widely distributed across the whole brain, including the frontal and temporal areas.
Evaluating implementation of the FIGO Nutrition Checklist for preconception and pregnancy within the Bukhali trial in Soweto, South Africa
Authors: Soepnel Larske M. , Draper Catherine E. , Mabetha Khuthala , Mogashoa Lethabo , Mabena Gugulethu , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. , Killeen Sarah Louise , Jacob Chandni Maria , Hanson Mark A. , Norris Shane A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate implementation of the FIGO Nutrition Checklist in a low/middle‐income South African setting.MethodsThis is a mixed‐methods study. Following administration of the FIGO Nutrition Checklist by a dietitian between July 2021 and May 2022, quantitative responses from pregnant (n = 96) and nonpregnant (n = 291) participants with overweight or obesity were analyzed, using logistic regression. Qualitative data from in‐depth interviews with the dietitian and a subgroup of participants (n = 15) were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsOf 387 participants, 97.4% (n = 377) answered ‘no’ to at least one diet quality question on the FIGO Nutrition Checklist, indicative of an at‐risk dietary practice. Food insecurity was positively associated with having more than three at‐risk practices (OR 1.87; 95% CI, 1.10–3.18; P = 0.021). Themes from the dietitian interview included ease of use of the checklist; required adaptations to it, including explanation and translation; and benefits of the tool. Despite challenges to healthy nutrition, participant interviews identified that the checklist is acceptable and supported improved awareness of dietary intakes.ConclusionConsidering the high incidence of at‐risk dietary practices identified by the FIGO Nutrition Checklist in this population, further research into use of the tool across South African healthcare settings is warranted.
Prenatal detection of gastrointestinal bubbles since early pregnancy: Clues to correct diagnosis
Authors: Zmora Osnat , Beloosesky Ron , Khatib Nizar , Ginsberg Yuval , Gover Ayala , Bronshtein Moshe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize gastrointestinal bubbles detected since early pregnancy and to describe corresponding diagnoses.MethodA retrospective cohort review of all cases in which gastrointestinal bubbles were detected starting in early prenatal transvaginal scans at 14–17 weeks of gestation between the years 2007 and 2021. Sonographic features and data regarding associated anomalies, genetic abnormalities, and pregnancy outcome were evaluated.ResultsBubbles were detected in 23 of 27 073 early scans and a total of 31 394 scans. Diagnosis was available in 22 cases. Transient bubbles were detected in 10 cases and represented normal peristalsis. Fixed double bubble was detected in nine cases. Double‐walled double bubbles represented duodenal duplications (three cases) and esophageal duplications (two cases). Simple cysts represented duodenal atresia (three cases) and a pancreatic cyst (one case). A triple bubble represented duodenal obstruction from Ladd bands in one case. Quadribubble was detected in two cases and represented jejunal atresia.ConclusionPrenatal detection of gastrointestinal bubbles can accurately diagnose physiological versus pathological upper gastrointestinal conditions. Transient bubbles are physiological. Fixed double bubbles might represent either duodenal atresia or esophageal/duodenal duplications when a double wall is demonstrated. Three or four bubbles might represent more distal intrinsic or extrinsic obstruction.