bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fifty years of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier: New insights into its structure, function, and inhibition
Authors: Tavoulari Sotiria , Sichrovsky Maximilian , Kunji Edmund R. S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) resides in the mitochondrial inner membrane, where it links cytosolic and mitochondrial metabolism by transporting pyruvate produced in glycolysis into the mitochondrial matrix. Due to its central metabolic role, it has been proposed as a potential drug target for diabetes, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, neurodegeneration, and cancers relying on mitochondrial metabolism. Little is known about the structure and mechanism of MPC, as the proteins involved were only identified a decade ago and technical difficulties concerning their purification and stability have hindered progress in functional and structural analyses. The functional unit of MPC is a hetero‐dimer comprising two small homologous membrane proteins, MPC1/MPC2 in humans, with the alternative complex MPC1L/MPC2 forming in the testis, but MPC proteins are found throughout the tree of life. The predicted topology of each protomer consists of an amphipathic helix followed by three transmembrane helices. An increasing number of inhibitors are being identified, expanding MPC pharmacology and providing insights into the inhibitory mechanism. Here, we provide critical insights on the composition, structure, and function of the complex and we summarize the different classes of small molecule inhibitors and their potential in therapeutics.
Information and communication technology engagement and digital reading: How meta‐cognitive strategies impact their relationship
Authors: Lin Lijia , King Ronnel B. , Fu Lingyi , Leung Shing On 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to examine the relationships among information and communication technology (ICT) engagement, meta‐cognitive strategies and digital reading. Specifically, we used PISA 2018 data to examine whether (a) the behavioural aspect of ICT engagement negatively impacted digital reading, (b) the motivational aspect of ICT engagement positively impacted digital reading and (c) meta‐cognitive strategies mediated or moderated the relationship between ICT engagement and digital reading. Our findings revealed that (a) the behavioural aspect of ICT engagement negatively impacted digital reading, whereas the motivational aspect of ICT engagement, except ICT social motivation, positively impacted digital reading; (b) the behavioural aspect of ICT engagement, as well as ICT social motivation, had significant negative indirect effects on digital reading achievement through meta‐cognitive strategies, whereas all other motivational aspects of ICT engagement were differentially mediated by the meta‐cognitive strategies; (c) the impact of ICT social motivation on ICT engagement was mediated and moderated by meta‐cognitive strategies. These findings are discussed in terms of the educational implications, limitations and future directions.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

There is ambiguity in the literature regarding the relationship between ICT engagement and achievement.
The nature of the relationships among ICT engagement, meta‐cognitive strategy use and achievement in digital reading remains unclear.
What this paper adds

The behavioural aspect of ICT engagement, as well as ICT social motivation, had significant negative indirect effects on digital reading achievement through meta‐cognitive strategies, whereas all other motivational aspects of ICT engagement were differentially mediated by the meta‐cognitive strategies.
The impact of ICT social motivation on ICT engagement was mediated and moderated by meta‐cognitive strategies.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Practitioners should focus on how to utilize ICT by applying appropriate strategies.
Students' knowledge about and use of meta‐cognitive strategies play positive roles even in the contexts when rote learning activities predominate.
Realistic permeability distributions in faults and sediments: The key to predicting fluid flow in sedimentary basins
Authors: Sheldon Heather A. , Crombez Vincent , Poulet Thomas , Kelka Ulrich , Kunzmann Marcus , Kerrison Emily 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe permeability of faults and their sedimentary host rocks is a critical input for models of fluid flow in sedimentary basins. Permeability of sedimentary rocks can vary by orders of magnitude over short distances due to variations in sedimentary facies, as well as being strongly anisotropic. Structural features also affect permeability, with faults acting as fluid conduits or barriers depending on the nature of the sedimentary host rock. Constraining these variations in permeability is challenging where outcrops are lacking and drillhole data are sparse. This study describes a workflow using stratigraphic forward modelling to estimate the permeability distribution (both magnitude and anisotropy) in sedimentary rocks and associated faults, which is then used in fluid flow simulations. Permeability is represented as a tensor in the global coordinate system, enabling the use of an unstructured mesh that is independent of stratigraphic layering. The workflow is demonstrated in a sub‐basin of the Proterozoic McArthur Basin of northern Australia. A range of fault permeability scenarios are explored, where fault permeability is a function of host rock properties. The simulation results demonstrate the importance of capturing the direction of permeability anisotropy in dipping strata, as well as highlighting the effect of different fault permeability scenarios. The workflow is particularly well‐suited to scenarios where there are sufficient boreholes to constrain a stratigraphic forward model, but insufficient to determine the permeability distribution by interpolation. Potential applications include mineral and hydrocarbon exploration, groundwater studies, contaminant dispersal modelling, and CO2 sequestration.
Ferret: Reviewing Tabular Datasets for Manipulation
Authors: Lange Devin , Sahai Shaurya , Phillips Jeff M. , Lex Alexander 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHow do we ensure the veracity of science? The act of manipulating or fabricating scientific data has led to many high‐profile fraud cases and retractions. Detecting manipulated data, however, is a challenging and time‐consuming endeavor. Automated detection methods are limited due to the diversity of data types and manipulation techniques. Furthermore, patterns automatically flagged as suspicious can have reasonable explanations. Instead, we propose a nuanced approach where experts analyze tabular datasets, e.g., as part of the peer‐review process, using a guided, interactive visualization approach. In this paper, we present an analysis of how manipulated datasets are created and the artifacts these techniques generate. Based on these findings, we propose a suite of visualization methods to surface potential irregularities. We have implemented these methods in Ferret, a visualization tool for data forensics work. Ferret makes potential data issues salient and provides guidance on spotting signs of tampering and differentiating them from truthful data.
visMOP – A Visual Analytics Approach for Multi‐omics Pathways
Authors: Brich N. , Schacherer N. , Hoene M. , Weigert C. , Lehmann R. , Krone M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe present an approach for the visual analysis of multi‐omics data obtained using high‐throughput methods. The term “omics” denotes measurements of different types of biologically relevant molecules like the products of gene transcription (transcriptomics) or the abundance of proteins (proteomics). Current popular visualization approaches often only support analyzing each of these omics separately. This, however, disregards the interconnectedness of different biologically relevant molecules and processes. Consequently, it describes the actual events in the organism suboptimally or only partially. Our visual analytics approach for multi‐omics data provides a comprehensive overview and details‐on‐demand by integrating the different omics types in multiple linked views. To give an overview, we map the measurements to known biological pathways and use a combination of a clustered network visualization, glyphs, and interactive filtering. To ensure the effectiveness and utility of our approach, we designed it in close collaboration with domain experts and assessed it using an exemplary workflow with real‐world transcriptomics, proteomics, and lipidomics measurements from mice.
Cerebral venous thrombosis in patients with autoimmune disease, hematonosis or coronavirus disease 2019: Many familiar faces and some strangers
Authors: Zhou Yifan , Jiang Huimin , Wei Huimin , Xiao Xuechun , Liu Lu , Ji Xunming , Zhou Chen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundCerebral venous thrombosis, a rare stroke, is characterized by neurological dysfunction caused by bleeding and/or infarction resulting from venous sinus thrombosis, the so‐called venous stroke. Current guidelines recommend anticoagulants as first‐line therapy in the treatment of venous stroke. With complicated causes of cerebral venous thrombosis, treatment is difficult, especially when combined with autoimmune diseases, blood diseases, and even COVID‐19.AimsThis review summarizes the pathophysiological mechanisms, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical prognosis of cerebral venous thrombosis combined with autoimmune diseases, blood diseases, or infectious diseases such as COVID‐19.ConclusionA systematic understanding of particular risk factors that should not be neglected when unconventional cerebral venous thrombosis occurs and for a scientific understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical diagnosis, and treatment, thus contributing to knowledge on special types of venous stroke.
Effects of vaping on uptake and cessation of smoking: Longitudinal analysis in Aotearoa New Zealand adults
Authors: Mason Andre , Riordan Benjamin C. , Winter Taylor , Conner Tamlin S. , Sibley Chris G. , Scarf Damian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionGlobally, the use of vapes, or e‐cigarettes, is increasing. While vaping is less harmful than smoking and may help smokers to quit, there is also the possibility that vaping may lead to smoking. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of vaping and smoking in Aotearoa New Zealand and explore longitudinal pathways between smoking status and vape use.MethodData related to smoking and vaping status was analysed from Times 10, 11 and 12 across 2018–2020 of the New Zealand Attitudes and Values study, a large, representative, multi‐wave study of adults living in New Zealand. Weighted descriptive analyses were used to determine prevalence rates of vaping and smoking and a generalised linear modelling approach was used to examine the likelihood of changing to, or taking up, the other behaviour in the transition between time points.ResultsBroadly, the prevalence of smoking was found to be decreasing over time while the prevalence of vaping was increasing. Despite these general trends, no differences were observed in the likelihood of transitioning from smoking to vaping or from vaping to smoking, indicating that either pathway was equally as likely.Discussion and ConclusionsThe current findings demonstrate that vaping appeared to be just as likely to have a gateway effect to smoking as it was to have a cessation effect. This highlights the need for greater consideration regarding vaping‐related policies and restrictions.
On the self‐undermining functionality critique of morality
Authors: Queloz Matthieu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNietzsche's injunction to examine “the value of values” can be heard in a pragmatic key, as inviting us to consider not whether certain values aretrue, but what theydofor us. This oddly neglected pragmatic approach to Nietzsche now receives authoritative support from Bernard Reginster's new book, which offers a compelling and notably cohesive interpretation of Nietzsche'sOn the Genealogy of Morality. In this essay, I reconstruct Reginster's account of Nietzsche's critique of morality as a “self‐undermining functionality critique” and raise three problems for it: (i) Is there room within an etiological conception of function for the notion of self‐undermining functionality? (ii) If Nietzsche's critique is internal and based solely on the function it ascribes to morality, where does that critique derive its normative significance from? (iii) Does Reginster's account not make out ascetic morality to be more universally dysfunctional than it is, given that some priestly types have done remarkably well out of morality?
Strongyle egg reappearance periods following moxidectin treatment in horses in Southeast England
Authors: Mair Tim S. , Opie Rebecca , Moreton‐Clack Michelle , Parkin Tim D. , Matthews Jacqui B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundA reduction in the egg reappearance period (ERP) has been suggested to be an early indication of emerging anthelmintic resistance in strongyles.ObjectiveTo measure the strongyle ERP following moxidectin treatment of horses in the southeast of England.Study designProspective study.MethodsHorses with a faecal egg count (FEC) of ≥400 strongyle eggs per gram (EPG) in a routine screening sample were enrolled into the study. Moxidectin (400 μg/kg) was administered per os and FEC tests repeated every 2 weeks for 16 weeks.ResultsForty‐eight horses completed the study. The mean EPG prior to treatment was 1047 (range 375–2137 EPG). In all but two horses, FEC was 0 EPG 2 weeks after moxidectin administration. In the remaining two, the FECs were each 12.5 EPG (97.8%–98.3% reductions compared to pre‐treatment FEC). At 4 weeks post‐treatment, 6 horses had positive FECs (96.6%–99.2% reductions). At 6 weeks, 11 horses had positive FECs (83.8% reduction in one horse; >90% reduction in 10). At 8 weeks, 21 horses exhibited positive FECs (<90% reduction in 2). At 10 weeks, 27 horses had positive FECs (<90% in 6). At 12 weeks, 31 horses had positive FECs (<90% reduction in 11). At 14 weeks, 34 horses had positive FECs (<90% reduction in 13). At 16 weeks, 38 horses had positive FECs (<90% reduction in 17).Main limitationsWeights of some horses were estimated using weigh tapes rather than a weighbridge. Dosing of the horses with moxidectin was carried out by owners.ConclusionsThe results indicated acceptable efficacy of moxidectin at 14 days after treatment; however, the ERP pattern measured across the group suggests that this anthelmintic has a considerably shorter suppressive effect on strongyle egg shedding than measured when it was first introduced (12–16 weeks).
The effect of friction on surface crack initiation in rolling contact fatigue considering damage accumulation
Authors: Zhou Ye , Zhu Caichao , Song Chaosheng , Chen Yingjuan , Zhou Min 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSurface initiated rolling contact fatigue (RCF) of gears and rolling bearings can lead to premature failure in mechanical transmission systems. The orientation of surface crack initiation closely depends on surface tractive force, while the mechanism leading to this dependence is still obscure. In this work, a numerical model is proposed to investigate the effect of friction on surface crack initiation in RCF. An inhomogeneous contact solver based on semi‐analytical method (SAM) is developed by combining the damaged‐coupled constitutive relation and the Eshelby's equivalent inclusion method. The damage accumulation and concurrent degradation of material properties are modeled with continuum damage mechanics (CDM). The effect of surface tractive force on the orientation of surface crack initiation is simulated and analyzed. Results indicate that the progressive evolution of damage under the cyclic loading is accompanied by the stress variation around the damaged area. The damaged area increases, and the crack initiation life decreases with an increasing coefficient of friction.
Genetic and environmental influences on one‐trial conditioned context aversion in mice
Authors: İlhan Çınar Furkan , Urcelay Gonzalo P. , Kışlal Sezen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAnticipatory nausea (AN) is caused by an association between contextual cues and the experience of nausea (the side effects of chemotherapy or radiation treatment) and it develops predominantly in female patients undergoing chemotherapy. Preclinical studies in rodents show that the administration of an illness‐inducing agent in the presence of novel contextual cues can cause conditioned context aversion (CCA) and this has been proposed to model AN. The literature also suggests that brief pre‐exposure to a novel context prior to shock delivery is critical in the development of contextual fear conditioning in rodents (a phenomenon known as Immediate Shock Deficit), but this has not been assessed in CCA. The aim of present study was to develop a CCA paradigm to assess this in outbred (CD1) and inbred (C57BL/6J) mice and evaluate potential sex differences. The results revealed that a single conditioning trial in which a distinctive context was paired with LiCl‐induced illness was sufficient to elicit a conditioned response in both female and male CD1 outbred mice, but not in C57BL/6J inbred mice. In addition, CCA was facilitated when animals had prior experience with the context. Finally, outbred female mice showed longer and more robust retention of CCA than male mice, which parallels clinical findings. The results indicate the importance of using CD1 outbred mice as an animal model of AN as well as examining sex differences in the CCA paradigm. Similar findings in humans encourage the future use of this novel CCA preclinical mouse model.
Migraine with prolonged aphasic aura associated with a CACNA1A mutation: A case report and narrative review
Authors: Jicha Crystal J. , Alex Ashley , Herskovitz Steven , Haut Sheryl R. , Lipton Richard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo demonstrate that a known CACNA1A variant is associated with a phenotype of prolonged aphasic aura without hemiparesis.BackgroundThe usual differential diagnosis of prolonged aphasia without hemiparesis includes vascular disease, seizure, metabolic derangements, and migraine. Genetic mutations in the CACNA1A gene can lead to a myriad of phenotypes, including familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) type 1, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by an aura of unilateral, sometimes prolonged weakness. Though aphasia is a common feature of migraine aura, with or without hemiparesis, aphasia without hemiparesis has not been reported with CACNA1A mutations.MethodsWe report the case of a 51‐year‐old male who presented with a history of recurrent episodes of aphasia without hemiparesis lasting days to weeks. His headache was left sided and was heralded by what his family described as “confusion.” On examination, he had global aphasia without other focal findings. Family history revealed several relatives with a history of severe headaches with neurologic deficits including aphasia and/or weakness. Imaging revealed T2 hyperintensities in the left parietal/temporal/occipital regions on MRI scan with corresponding hyperperfusion on SPECT. Genetic testing revealed a missense mutation in the CACNA1A gene.ConclusionsThis case expands the phenotypic spectrum of the CACNA1A mutation and FHM to include prolonged aphasic aura without hemiparesis. Our patient's SPECT imaging demonstrated hyperperfusion in areas correlating with aura symptoms which can occur in prolonged aura.
Mixed methods study on foreign early career academics' sense of knowledge and intellectual development
Authors: Sakurai Yusuke , Saruta Shizuki , Cheng Wenjuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEmployees' sense of development is an essential component of their well‐being that enhances their work performance. In the Japanese higher education sector, the number of foreign academics has increased considerably due to the strong backing of government initiatives. Although studies have unpacked foreign academics' intercultural challenges and marginalisation experiences, their developmental experiences in host countries have been under‐researched. Thus, this mixed‐methods study examined what explains foreign early career academics' sense of knowledge and intellectual development and how. Both the quantitative and qualitative results indicated collegiality's key role in their development, while the discrepancies between them suggest that their development is better explained by how knowledge is transmitted via three key conditions—access, interpersonal matters and sources—than workplace conditions. Foreign academics' perspectives can contribute to institutional policy development, because they may be aware of the status quo to which locals feel resigned.
Improved concordance of challenging human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 dual in‐situ hybridisation cases with the use of a digital image analysis algorithm in breast cancer
Authors: Gough Madeline , Liu Cheng , Srinivasan Bhuvana , Wilkinson Lisa , Dunk Louisa , Yang Yuanhao , Schreiber Veronika , Tuffaha Haitham , Kryza Thomas , Hooper John D , Lakhani Sunil R , Snell Cameron E 
Published: June 2023

AimsAccurate assessment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression by HER2 immunohistochemistry and in‐situ hybridisation (ISH) is critical for the management of patients with breast cancer. The revised 2018 ASCO/CAP guidelines define 5 groups based on HER2 expression and copy number. Manual pathologist quantification by light microscopy of equivocal and less common HER2 ISH groups (groups 2–4) can be challenging, and there are no data on interobserver variability in reporting of these cases. We sought to determine whether a digital algorithm could improve interobserver variability in the assessment of difficult HER2 ISH cases.Methods and resultsHER2 ISH was evaluated in a cohort enriched for less common HER2 patterns using standard light microscopy versus analysis of whole slide images using the Roche uPath HER2 dual ISH image analysis algorithm. Standard microscopy demonstrated significant interobserver variability with a Fleiss's kappa value of 0.471 (fair–moderate agreement) improving to 0.666 (moderate–good) with the use of the algorithm. For HER2 group designation (groups 1–5), there was poor–moderate reliability between pathologists by microscopy [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.526], improving to moderate–good agreement (ICC = 0.763) with the use of the algorithm. In subgroup analysis, the algorithm improved concordance particularly in groups 2, 4 and 5. Time to enumerate cases was also significantly reduced.ConclusionThis work demonstrates the potential of a digital image analysis algorithm to improve the concordance of pathologist HER2 amplification status reporting in less common HER2 groups. This has the potential to improve therapy selection and outcomes for patients with HER2‐low and borderline HER2‐amplified breast cancers.