bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Labile plasma iron and echocardiographic parameters are associated with cardiac events in β‐thalassemic patients
Authors: Ferrara Francesca , Coppi Francesca , Riva Roberta , Ventura Paolo , Ricci Andrea , Mattioli Anna Vittoria , Talarico Marisa , Garuti Cinzia , Bevini Mirco , Rochira Vincenzo , Buzzetti Elena , Pietrangelo Antonello , Corradini Elena 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimNotwithstanding the improvement in therapies, patients affected by thalassemia major (TM) and intermedia (TI) are still at high risk of cardiac complications. This study aimed at evaluating the incidence and predictive factors for developing cardiac events in adult β‐TM and TI patients.Population and MethodsData on diagnosis and clinical history were collected retrospectively; prospective data on new‐onset cardiac failure and arrhythmias, echocardiographic parameters, biochemical variables including non‐transferrin‐bound iron (NTBI) and labile plasma iron (LPI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2* measurement of hepatic and cardiac iron deposits, and iron chelation therapy were recorded during a 6‐year follow‐up.ResultsThirty‐seven patients, 29 TM and 8 TI, were included. At baseline, 8 TM patients and 1 TI patient had previously experienced a cardiac event (mainly heart failure). All patients were on chelation therapy and only 3 TM patients had mild‐to‐severe cardiac siderosis. During follow‐up, 11 patients (29.7%) experienced a new cardiac event. The occurrence of cardiac events was correlated to high LPI levels (OR 12.0, 95% CI 1.56–92.3, p .017), low mean pre‐transfusion haemoglobin (OR 0.21, 95% C.I. 0.051–0.761, p .21) and echocardiographic parameters suggestive of myocardial hypertrophy. Multivariate analysis disclosed high LPI and left ventricle mass index (LVMI) as independent variables significantly associated with cardiac events. Cardiac iron deposits measured by MRI T2* failed to predict cardiac events.ConclusionLPI, Hb levels and echocardiographic parameters assessing cardiac remodelling are associated with cardiac events in adult TM and TI patients. LPI might represent both a prognostic marker and a potential target for novel treatment strategies. Further studies are warranted to confirm our findings on larger populations.
Time‐to‐therapy discontinuation in patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia initiated on long‐acting injectable versus oral dopamine receptor blocking agents
Authors: Schwartz Shaina , Lee Sun , Coble Erin Baily , Troxler Colton , Toscano Samantha , Kumar Archana 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimThe purpose of this project is to assess the time‐to‐therapy discontinuation and hospital readmission rate among patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia who are prescribed long‐acting injectable versus oral dopamine receptor blocking agents.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records was performed for adult patients admitted to an 80‐bed inpatient behavioural health facility with a new diagnosis of schizophrenia. The primary outcome studied was time to therapy discontinuation within 1 year of discharge, while secondary outcomes assessed were time‐to‐therapy discontinuation within 90 days and readmission rate at 30‐days, 6 months, and 1 year. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard and linear regression modelling were used for statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 425 patients were included in the analysis, with 66.4% (n = 282) discharged on oral and 33.6% (n = 143) on long‐acting injectable dopamine receptor blocking agents. At 1 year post‐discharge, the rates of discontinuation were 49.7% for those prescribed long‐acting injectable and 55.7% for those prescribed oral formulations (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.54, p = .012). There was no statistically significant difference in readmission rate between the patients prescribed long‐acting injectable and oral dopamine receptor blocking agents at any timepoint tested.ConclusionsThe use of long‐acting injectable dopamine receptor blocking agents was associated with longer time‐to‐discontinuation compared to oral agents when prescribed to patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia in the inpatient setting. However, this was not associated with significant reductions in rehospitalization, calling into question the clinical impact. Future studies will seek to confirm these findings using a prospective study design.
Keratinocytes activated by IL‐4/IL‐13 express IL‐2Rγ with consequences on epidermal barrier function
Authors: Progneaux Audrey , Evrard Céline , De Glas Valérie , Fontaine Alix , Dotreppe Céline , De Vuyst Evelyne , Nikkels Arjen F. , García‐González Vicente , Dumoutier Laure , Lambert de Rouvroit Catherine , Poumay Yves 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a Th2‐type inflammatory disease characterized by an alteration of epidermal barrier following the release of IL‐4 and IL‐13. These cytokines activate type II IL‐4Rα/IL‐13Rα1 receptors in the keratinocyte. Whilst IL‐2Rγ, that forms type I receptor for IL‐4, is only expressed in haematopoietic cells, recent studies suggest its induction in keratinocytes, which questions about its role. We studied expression of IL‐2Rγ in keratinocytes and its role in alteration of keratinocyte function and epidermal barrier. IL‐2Rγ expression in keratinocytes was studied using both reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) exposed to IL‐4/IL‐13 and AD skin. IL‐2Rγ induction by type II receptor has been analyzed using JAK inhibitors and RHE knockout (KO) for IL13RA1. IL‐2Rγ function was investigated in RHE KO for IL2RG. In RHE, IL‐4/IL‐13 induce expression of IL‐2Rγ at the mRNA and protein levels. Its mRNA expression is also visualized in keratinocytes of lesional AD skin. IL‐2Rγ expression is low in RHE treated with JAK inhibitors and absent in RHE KO for IL13RA1. Exposure to IL‐4/IL‐13 alters epidermal barrier, but this alteration is absent in RHE KO for IL2RG. A more important induction of IL‐13Rα2 is reported in RHE KO for IL2RG than in not edited RHE. These results demonstrate IL‐2Rγ induction in keratinocytes through activation of type II receptor. IL‐2Rγ is involved in the alteration of the epidermal barrier and in the regulation of IL‐13Rα2 expression. Observation of IL‐2Rγ expression by keratinocytes inside AD lesional skin suggests a role for this receptor subunit in the disease.
When attitudes and beliefs get in the way of shared decision‐making: A mediation analysis of participation preference
Authors: Büdenbender Björn , Köther Anja K. , Grüne Britta , Michel Maurice S. , Kriegmair Maximilian C. , Alpers Georg W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionCertain sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., older age) have previously been identified as barriers to patients' participation preference in shared decision‐making (SDM). We aim to demonstrate that this relationship is mediated by the perceived power imbalance that manifests itself in patients' negative attitudes and beliefs about their role in decision‐making.MethodsWe recruited a large sample (N = 434) of outpatients with a range of urological diagnoses (42.2% urooncological). Before the medical consultation at a university hospital, patients completed the Patients' Attitudes and Beliefs Scale and the Autonomy Preference Index. We evaluated attitudes as a mediator between sociodemographic factors and participation preference in a path model.ResultsWe replicated associations between relevant sociodemographic factors and participation preference. Importantly, attitudes and beliefs about one's own role as a patient mediated this relationship. The mediation path model explained a substantial proportion of the variance in participation preference (27.8%). Participation preferences and attitudes did not differ for oncological and nononcological patients.ConclusionPatients' attitudes and beliefs about their role determine whether they are willing to participate in medical decision‐making. Thus, inviting patients to participate in SDM should encompass an assessment of their attitudes and beliefs. Importantly, negative attitudes may be accessible to change. Unlike stable sociodemographic characteristics, such values are promising targets for interventions to foster more active participation in SDM.Patient or Public ContributionThis study was part of a larger project on implementing SDM in urological practice. Several stakeholders were involved in the design, planning and conduction of this study, for example, three authors are practising urologists, and three are psychologists with experience in patient care. In addition, the survey was piloted with patients, and their feedback was integrated into the questionnaire. The data presented in this study is based on patients' responses. Results may help to empower our patients.
Self‐care nursing interventions: A qualitative study into electronic health records’ contents
Authors: Queirós Carmen , Paiva e Silva Maria Antónia Taveira Cruz , Gomes João , Neves Hugo , Cruz Inês , Brito Alice , Cardoso Alexandrina , Pereira Filipe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsThis study aims to (1) analyse all self‐care–related interventions Portuguese nurses documented, (2) determine potential issues that may impair semantic interoperability and (3) propose a new set of interventions representing nursing actions regarding self‐care that may integrate any HER application.BackgroundAs populations age and chronic diseases increase, self‐care concerns rise. Individuals who seek healthcare, regardless of context, need prompt access to accurate health information. Healthcare professionals need to understand the information in all places where care is provided, creating the need for semantic interoperability within electronic health records.MethodsA qualitative descriptive and exploratory study was conducted in two phases: (1) a content analysis of nursing interventions e‐documentation and (2) a focus group with fifteen registered nurses exploring latent criteria or insights gleaned from the findings of content analysis. The COREQ statement was used to guide research reporting.ResultsWe extracted 1529 nursing intervention sentences from the electronic health records and created 209 intervention categories. We identified the main issues with semantic interoperability in nursing intervention identification.ConclusionAccording to the findings, nurses cooperate with clients, offering physical aid and encouraging them to overcome functional limitations to self‐care tasks hampered by their conditions.Implications for nursing policy and health policyThis article provides evidence to warn policy makers against decisions to use locally customised electronic health records, as well as evidence on the importance of policy promoting the adoption of a nursing ontology for electronic health records. And, as a result, the harmonisation and effective provision of high‐quality nursing care and the reduction of healthcare costs across nations.
Asymmetric Interstate Solidarity and Return Sponsorship
Authors: Milazzo Eleonora 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe ‘flexible’ interstate solidarity model envisaged by the 2020 ‘New Pact on Migration and Asylum’ (‘the Pact’) allows European Union (EU) member states to choose how to do their share in the distribution of the costs connected to asylum. According to one of the proposals contained in the Pact, member states have the option to contribute to the distribution through return sponsorship, taking measures to facilitate the return of irregular migrants residing in other member states. This paper asks: should EU member states be allowed to discharge their solidarity obligations through return sponsorship as envisaged by the Pact? Scholars of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) have raised several doubts about this proposal, particularly regarding the feasibility of return sponsorship and the related risks for human rights. Although the proposal is pragmatic in some respects, these problematic aspects pose at least two questions for normative political theorists: first, should member states be allowed to choose their form of contribution in a solidarity scheme? And, if so, should return sponsorship be one of the contributions allowed? Building on normative theories of solidarity in the EU, this article will argue that return sponsorship should be rejected both because it does not further solidarity among member states and because the rights of rejected asylum seekers set a strong presumption against it.
Individual differences in harm‐related moral values are associated with functional integration of large‐scale brain networks of emotional regulation
Authors: Li Wei , Ye Shuer , Zhu Bing , Hoffman Morris , Zhou Jia , Yang Qun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEmotions affects moral judgements, and controlled cognitive processes regulate those emotional responses during moral decision making. However, the neurobiological basis of this interaction is unclear. We used a graph theory measurement called participation coefficient (‘PC’) to quantify the resting‐state functional connectivity within and between four meta‐analytic groupings (MAGs) associated with emotion generation and regulation, to test whether that measurement predicts individual differences in moral foundations‐based values. We found that the PC of one of the MAGs (MAG2) was positively correlated with one of the five recognized moral foundations–the one based on harm avoidance. We also found that increased inter‐module connectivity between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and middle temporal gyrus with other nodes in the four MAGs was likewise associated with higher endorsement of the Harm foundation. These results suggest that individuals' sensitivity to harm is associated with functional integration of large‐scale brain networks of emotional regulation. These findings add to our knowledge of how individual variations in our moral values could be reflected by intrinsic brain network organization and deepen our understanding of the relationship between emotion and cognition during evaluations of moral values.
Why mothers double up: The role of demographic, economic, and family characteristics
Authors: Harvey Hope , Dunifon Rachel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe examine how mothers' characteristics are associated with forming a doubled‐up household as a host (allowing adult extended family members/nonrelatives to join their household) and guest (moving into a home owned/rented by extended family/nonrelatives).BackgroundDoubled‐up households are increasingly common and shape families' lives in meaningful ways. Although doubling up is often considered a response to economic need, few studies directly examine the range of characteristics that may predict entry into doubled‐up households.MethodUsing data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation, we examine how demographic, economic and housing, and family characteristics are associated with mothers' risk of becoming doubled‐up as hosts and guests.ResultsMultiple factors have independent links to doubling up, including race/ethnicity, housing assistance receipt, and socio‐economic status. Family factors are especially important; in particular, experiencing a new birth and having a young child are associated with doubling up as a guest, and romantic relationship changes are associated with doubling up as either a host or guest. Additionally, many predictors of doubling up as a host and guest differ. Finally, we find that almost one‐third of adult mothers who are doubled‐up as guests never transitioned into a doubled‐up household; rather, they remained in their childhood home.ConclusionA full accounting of when and why families double up requires researchers to attend to mothers' needs—and changes in these needs—across multiple dimensions and to distinguish between hosts and guests.
Comparison of 3D positional accuracy of implant analogs in printed resin models versus conventional stone casts: Effect of implant angulation
Authors: Tan Shaun , Tan Ming Yi , Wong Keng Mun , Maria Rahmat , Tan Keson Beng Choon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeTo study the effect of implant angulation on 3D linear and absolute angular distortions of implant analogs in printed resin models and conventional stone casts.Materials and methodsThree sectional master models with two implants with total inter‐implant angulations of 0°, 10°, and 20° were fabricated. For each master model, five conventional stone casts (CS) and printed resin models (PM) were fabricated (n = 5). Test models were made with nonsplinted impression copings and open tray polyether impressions for the CS groups and scan bodies scanned using an intraoral scanner for the PM groups. The physical positions of the implants and implant analogs were measured with a coordinate measuring machine. 3D linear distortion (ΔR) and absolute angular distortion (Absdθ) defined the 3D positional accuracy of the analogs in the test models. Univariate ANOVA was used to analyze data followed by post hoc tests (Tukey HSD, α = 0.05).ResultsMean ΔR was significantly greater for PM10 (73.5 ± 8.9 µm) and PM20 (65.5 ± 33.3 µm) compared to CS0 (16.8 ± 14.1 µm), CS10 (22.2 ± 13.0 µm), CS20 (15.6 ± 19.9 µm), and PM0 (23.9 ± 16.1 µm). For Absdθ, there were no significant differences between test groups.ConclusionsWith conventional stone casts, implant angulation had no significant effect on 3D linear and absolute angular distortions. Amongst printed resin models test groups, angulated implants had significantly greater ΔR. Amongst angulated implants test groups, printed resin models had significantly greater ΔR than conventional stone casts. Compared to the master model, all test groups, regardless of inter‐implant angulation, produced greater inter‐analog distances.
Decision, causality, and predetermination
Authors: Kment Boris 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEvidential decision theory (EDT) says that the choiceworthiness of an option depends on its evidential connections to possible outcomes. Causal decision theory (CDT) holds that it depends on your beliefs about its causal connections. While Newcomb cases support CDT, Arif Ahmed has described examples that support EDT. A new account is needed to get all cases right. I argue that an option A's choiceworthiness is determined by the probability that a good outcome ensues at possible A‐worlds that match actuality in the facts causally unaffected by your decision (the “unaffected facts”). Moreover, you should evaluate A on the assumption that A is compossible with the unaffected facts. This view entails that you should use EDT when evaluating A on the assumption that the unaffected facts determine your action, but use CDT when assessing A on the opposite assumption. A's choiceworthiness equals a weighted average of these conditional assessments. The weights are determined by your beliefs about whether the unaffected fact determine your action. This account gets both Newcomb and Ahmed cases right. According to an influential view, whether you take the unaffected facts to determine your action can make a difference to whether you can regard yourself as free and the action as being under your control. While my account is neutral on this issue, it entails that whether you take the unaffected facts to determine your action is important in a different way: it matters to whether you should follow EDT or CDT.
Birth weight and stillbirth genetic parameter estimation in a river buffalo simulated population
Authors: Ahmadpanah Javad , Seidavi Alireza , Safari Abbas , Badbarin Sajad , Khan Imtiaz , Colonna Maria Antonietta , Tufarelli Vincenzo , Selvaggi Maria 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStillbirth (SB) is a threshold character that has been detected as the most important factor affecting the future reproductive life of an animal. In buffaloes, stillbirth accounts for approximately 42% of all reproductive disorders being considered as the main reproductive disorder in buffalo calves. The present study aimed to estimate the heritability values and to determine the genetic and phenotypic correlation between stillbirth rate and birth weight (BW) using a Bayesian approach via Gibbs sampling method in a river buffalo population. A stochastic simulation was used to create a population in which random mating was used for 15 discrete generations. A bivariate animal model including maternal effects was used. Maternal effects were significant (p < .05) for both BW and SB. The results showed that when the SB rate increased from 1% to 50%, the estimated direct heritability of SB increased. Yet, by increasing the SB rate from 50% to 99%, a decrease of the SB estimated direct heritability was observed. The genetic correlation between BW and SB was decreased by increasing the level of occurrence of SB in the population from 1% to 99%. The root mean square error (RMSE) of heritability was increased from 40% to 70% level of occurrence of SB. Based on findings, it can be concluded that to reduce stillbirth rate in the population, it is possible to use genetic improvement program and birth weight could be one of the main components of a selection goal.
Use of a Negative Pressure Containment Pod Within Ambulance-Workspace During Pandemic Response
Authors: Pena Mirle , Neu Dylan T. , Feng H. Amy , Hammond Duane R. , Mead Kenneth R. , Banerjee Rupak K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Emergency medical service (EMS) providers have a higher potential exposure to infectious agents than the general public (Nguyen et al., 2020, “Risk of COVID-19 Among Frontline Healthcare Workers and the General Community: A Prospective Cohort Study,” Lancet Pub. Health, 5(9), pp. e475–e483; Brown et al., 2021, “Risk for Acquiring Coronavirus Disease Illness Among Emergency Medical Service Personnel Exposed to Aerosol-Generating Procedures,” Emer. Infect. Disease J., 27(9), p. 2340). The use of protective equipment may reduce, but does not eliminate their risk of becoming infected as a result of these exposures. Prehospital environments have a high risk of disease transmission exposing EMS providers to bioaerosols and droplets from infectious patients. Field intubation procedures may be performed causing the generation of bioaerosols, thereby increasing the exposure of EMS workers to pathogens. Additionally, ambulances have a reduced volume compared to a hospital treatment space, often without an air filtration system, and no control mechanism to reduce exposure. This study evaluated a containment plus filtration intervention for reducing aerosol concentrations in the patient module of an ambulance. Aerosol concentration measurements were taken in an unoccupied research ambulance at National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Cincinnati using a tracer aerosol and optical particle counters (OPCs). The evaluated filtration intervention was a containment pod with a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA)-filtered extraction system that was developed and tested based on its ability to contain, capture, and remove aerosols during the intubation procedure. Three conditions were tested (1) baseline (without intervention), (2) containment pod with HEPA-1, and (3) containment pod with HEPA-2. The containment pod with HEPA-filtered extraction intervention provided containment of 95% of the total generated particle concentration during aerosol generation relative to the baseline condition, followed by rapid air cleaning within the containment pod. This intervention can help reduce aerosol concentrations within ambulance patient modules while performing aerosol-generating procedures.