bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poetry and the Bible
Authors: Tasioulas Jacqueline 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores poetry as a vehicle for the Bible, whether as a memorable and persuasive conduit to salvation or as a means of imposing structure on the vast history of creation. To choose to paraphrase, and to do so in verse, was clearly a significant decision for medieval authors, and their reasoned choices are frequently made explicit in the texts themselves. Poets considered how verse might be used in the service of the Word, and their creative additions to biblical texts often come in the form of a preoccupation with words, from the first-naming of unknown concepts in a post-lapsarian world to the longing of the biblical exile to hear songs in his native tongue, or even the invention of writing itself as it becomes part of the medieval account of the life of Adam and Eve.
Secular Lyrics
Authors: Fein Susanna 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The medieval secular lyric is about the material, emotive existence of humans encased in flesh and time. By definition, it is opposed to the spiritual interests of religious lyric. Understanding Earth upon Earth as a distillation of the secular lyric’s core poetic interests—the life-cycle of birth, growth, sex, death, burial—this chapter explores modulations of these interests in three specific types of medieval English secular lyric: the spring song (reverdie), the love lyric, and the public corpus of proverb. Scholars and anthologists have typically treated the secular lyric as either popular (sprung from oral folk tradition) or courtly (sprung from learned models). Recent, more nuanced analyses have assessed connections to secular narrative, to music and dance, to religious parody, and to the instruction of youth. Moreover, medieval contexts matter, as whole-manuscript studies reveal frequent links to complementary religious lyrics, as well as to lyrics in other languages.
The Canterbury Tales
Authors: Windeatt Barry 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter analyses in four sections a distinctive common poetic that Chaucer develops across the Canterbury Tales, based on applying his own revolutionary innovations in English versification and working through a dynamic interplay between concision and dilation: (1) how tale-openings function to introduce characters and establish back-stories, and the key role of extensive direct speech and speeches expressing vehement feeling; (2) how Chaucer’s poetic is defined by alertness to the language of chance, time, and astrology’s sidereal dimension; (3) how interpolations of non-narrative passages, and thumbnail allusions to exemplary figures and histories, offer thematic commentary on the narratives; and (4) how the Tales’ generic hybridity deploys poetic style to represent an exhilarated perceptiveness of such materialities as food, bodies, kinesis, and animal life, along with the imagistic unities invested in whole tales. A conclusion focuses on the roles of rhyme and making an ending.
Living in Words
Authors: Hagberg Garry L. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Living in Words: Literature, Autobiographical Language, and the Composition of Selfhood pursues three main questions: What role does literature play in the constitution of a human being? What is the connection between the language we see at work in imaginative fiction and the language we develop to describe ourselves? And is something more powerful than just description at work—that is, does self-descriptive or autobiographical language itself play an active role in shaping and solidifying our identities? This adventurous book suggests that interdisciplinary work interweaving philosophy and literature can answer these questions. Main sections investigate the relational model of the self derived from American pragmatism, the sense of rightness that can attach to descriptions of ourselves and our actions, the analogy between interpreting works of art and the interpretation of persons, the special power of literature as a self-compositional tool and the “architecture” of self-narratives and the corresponding growth of self-understanding, what we can learn from cautionary tales concerning the tragic lack of self-knowledge, the possibility of “rewriting” and “rereading” the self, and overall, the assembly of real-life structures of self-definition through our reflective engagement with literature. Throughout, the book develops a model of active, self-constitutive literary reading that provides language for, and sharpens, self-individuation and sensibility. Conjoining a relational conception of selfhood to a narrative conception of self-understanding, Living in Words makes a powerful claim that aesthetic experience and our engagement with the arts is a far more serious matter in human life and society than in some quarters it is taken to be.
Studies in the Transmission of Latin Texts
Authors: Oakley S. P. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this book all known manuscripts and incunabular editions of four classical texts are discussed: Vitruvius’ De architectura, Cato’s De agri cultura, Varro’s De re rustica, Porphyrio’s Commentary on Horace, and Priscian’s Periegesis. The total number of witnesses involved comes to over two hundred; many of the manuscripts were produced in France or Italy, but English, German, Polish, and Swiss manuscripts also feature. For each text, the genealogical affiliations of its manuscript copies are determined (for very many for the first time), as is the manner in which each was dispersed throughout medieval Europe and transmitted from antiquity through the Middle Ages to the first printed editions. The author shows that clear and decisive results can be achieved by application of the so-called stemmatic method and establishes which manuscripts future editors should use in editing these texts. Manuscripts that are not needed by future editors are discussed as fully as those that are, and many localizations and derivations are established. The result is a large body of material that will help deepen our knowledge of the transmission of classical Latin texts, especially in the Renaissance, of scribal practice, and of techniques that can be deployed in the genealogical study of manuscripts and incunables.
Introduction: Back to the Rough Ground
Authors: Willis Roxana 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The introductory chapter outlines the theoretical contours of the book. The chapter begins by briefly noting the research community, which grew from the relational connections of the author’s father, loosely formed on and around the Lincoln council estate in Corby, UK. The next section details the legal scholarship to which the work responds (which is rooted in mainstream criminal law theory and practice), and alternative scholarship on which the work builds and to which it contributes (namely, a growing body of critical criminal law research). The philosophical context is then mapped out, which includes a creative combination of the philosophy of Charles Taylor, anthropologies on race and class in Britain, and emic theory developed through the ethnographic study itself. Two ‘frameworks’ are presented: first, ‘the framework of autonomy’, which explains the moral leanings of the mainstream criminal law; and second, ‘the framework of mutuality’, which makes intelligible the moral orientation of the precariously positioned persons included in the study. During this mapping exercise, histories of class inequality in Britain are explored. In the final section, further information is provided about the research site, the concepts ‘precariat’ and ‘community’ are explained, and an overview of the ensuing chapters is presented.
The Necessity of Community
Authors: Willis Roxana 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In conditions of class inequality, where full autonomy is unattainable (as argued in Chapter 1), an alternative moral order thrives. This chapter outlines the parameters of that alternative order by developing emic theory and introducing the ‘framework of mutuality’. Building on the analysis of structural inequality penned in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 explores how residents on a rundown council estate suffering through socio-economic deprivation and stigmatization nurture an alternative moral orientation. Rather than promoting independence, self-interest, and self-gain, as per the ‘framework of autonomy’, in conditions of precarity, mutuality is what thrives. Mutuality norms concern being with and giving time for others, protecting others’ security and well-being, supporting those in need, and giving what resources one has to promote collective survival. These norms are revealed through a range of sharing practices that occur in the research community, including sharing advice, skills, love, support, and loaning money on a no-interest basis. In addition to sharing with members of a relational community, the final section examines these practices as evident among the broader ‘imagined community’ of Corby, which extends the number of those upon whom precariously positioned persons might depend. The emic account advanced in this chapter is contrasted with social capital theory to suggest that certain mainstream theories, developed in particular socio-economic contexts, might be ill-suited to explain experiences of precarity. The following chapter extends this argument.
Thin Blue Line
Authors: Willis Roxana 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter adds context to why customary fighting, explored in Chapter 3, continues in the present, bringing into view tense relationships between precariously situated persons and the state. Chapter 4 begins by displaying the norms as enforced by the criminal law to be, sometimes, out of kilter with the norms of mutuality maintained and upheld by the community included in the study. The example of theft is explored: whereas the status of the victim and offender, and their relationship to one another, is largely irrelevant under the criminal law, these factors are significant from the perspective of those in the research community. From the emic perspective, the criminal law fails to respond fully to the offence. The disjuncture between the criminal law and local normative expectations helps to explain vigilante action, which is a means for the collective to respond to violations of mutuality when the state fails to do so. Although the police are sometimes unable to respond because of the limits of law, the chapter discusses moments when the police and other state bodies are allegedly unwilling to assist precariously positioned persons in need, which seemingly stems from the classed nature of the British state. The final section explores how people are not passive in these class struggles and instead find creative ways to ‘personalize the state’ (following Insa Koch), strategically moving it to respond to local needs to which it is otherwise indifferent.
Foreigners
Authors: Willis Roxana 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chapter 5 considers racial tensions in the lead-up to the Brexit vote. The chapter explores how here too the framework of mutuality seemingly guides action, as it did in relation to conflicts explored in the preceding chapters. In contrast to the framework of autonomy, which valorizes individuality and difference, mutuality treats sameness and conformity as virtues. Therefore, at least some tensions towards migrant groups appear to stem from behaviours perceived to diverge from local norms. The chapter reveals that the research community is ethnically heterogeneous, comprising a diversity of peoples from England, Scotland, Ireland, Eastern Europe (post-Second World War, and again following the expansion of the EU in 2004), the commonwealth, and beyond, and includes persons from Roma, Traveller, and Gypsy ethnicities, among others. In this context, the concept ‘foreigner’ is significant, since it contrasts with notions such as ‘being born and bred’ and ‘belonging’, which are based on the length of time residents have lived in an area and intergenerational contributions made, rather than ethnicity per se. Consequently, belonging is a matter of degree and is constantly evolving as newer migrants become part of the collective way of life and contribute to what it means to belong. Nevertheless, there are times when perceived racial differences seem to matter, especially in the identification of the ‘stranger’. Hence, further investigation into racial tensions is warranted and taken up in Chapter 8.
The ECB’s Unconventional Quantitative Easing is Turning to Conventional Monetary Policy
Authors: Tuori Klaus 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter takes an economic-constitutional approach to quantitative easing (QE) as the European Central Bank (ECB)’s policy instrument. The Public Sector Purchase Programme (PSPP)—that initially was a heavily contested measure in the specific euro area context—has become the most active part of monetary policy and expanded further with the Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme (PEPP). The chapter analyses how the QE as non-standard or unconventional monetary policy is a continuation of, or differs from, the more traditional monetary policy of the ECB. One conclusion is that QE is turning into conventional monetary policy with time. Most of the constitutional issues related to the large-scale public sector bond purchases in the forms of the PSPP and PEPP programmes are addressed. The issues include the formal objectives of the programmes as presented by the ECB as well as other possible aims that could help explain the programmes, their size, features, and timing, but also the economic effects of the ECB’s measures. A critical question is whether the ECB has passed from being a ‘central bank of institutions’ to ‘a central bank of markets’ thus justifying it being considered as a ‘new ECB’.
The Role of the ECB in the International Arena and the External Dimension of EMU
Authors: Coman-Kund Florin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the evolution of the European Central Bank (ECB)’s international dimension with a view to assessing its transformative effects and side effects on the ECB of today. A close look is taken at the legal framework governing the ECB’s international cooperation to understand the potential and limits shaping its international dimension, and its legal status as a global actor. The ECB’s international cooperation practice is also reviewed to assess the dynamics of its international dimension over time. The integrated analysis of the legal framework and practice prompts a number of conclusions, critical observations, and forward-looking reflections regarding the ECB’s current international dimension. It is argued that, in a way, there is a ‘new’ ECB becoming much more active on the international plane. Yet, at the same time, the ECB’s international dimension is also constrained by the Founding Treaties establishing a specific institutional balance in the field of Economic and Monetary Union external relations that has not changed much over time. What is more, the ECB’s potential as an international actor is arguably restricted by various international legal frameworks that do not allow the Union’s central bank to fully exploit on the global level its role and powers under EU law. Finally, but yet importantly, the chapter discusses some legally problematic aspects of the ECB’s international dimension that might require adjustments in the current legal framework to reflect the realities of today’s ECB.
Externalizing Trademark’s Limits
Authors: McKenna Mark P. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter distinguishes between internal and external limits on trademark rights. The former are manifestations of the purpose and nature of trademark rights, while the latter reflect balancing of trademark interests against external values. The chapter argues that trademark law’s limits are increasingly external, in the sense that the internal limits are less clear and less reliable and the external limits more important. While external limits have always played some role in trademark law, there are reasons to be concerned about overreliance on those limits. For one thing, the very fact that a limit is external means that it arises in a context in which there’s a perceived conflict between the “ordinary” application of trademark principles and some other value outside of trademark law. Another reason to be concerned is that the sense that there are external “release valves” that preserve important values makes it easier for courts to accept expansive interpretations of the rights that have at least subtle and sometimes important effects. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, relying on external values as the limiting principles makes it critical that trademark law correctly interpret the policy judgments in the other areas from which it purports to be drawing. None of this is to say that external limits don’t have an important role to play in trademark law, or that courts shouldn’t work to better define those limits and implement them in more effective ways. But external limits can’t do all the work, we should do more work to identify real internal limits to trademark rights.
Logo Hacking, Downmarket Irony, and Counterfeit Chic
Authors: Tan David 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The whimsical and ephemeral trends of the fashion world can be confounding and yet rewarding at the same time. As luxury fashion brands such as Gucci, Balenciaga, Vetements Louis Vuitton, and Versace capitalize on ironic cultural references to rejuvenate sales and capture new customer segments, their actions have resulted in unanticipated implications for trademark laws. Simultaneously, countercultural commentary is also taking the form of parodic and satirical fashion merchandise which audaciously play with the semiotic signs of these famous marks. This chapter explores the regulation of fashion trademarks from an interdisciplinary perspective and interrogates the bewildering celebration of the conspicuously inauthentic and culturally subversive prevalent in luxury fashion today.
The Exceptional Nature of the Right to Control Use in Advertising
Authors: Burrell Robert G. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter starts by problematizing the advertising right as it operates within registration-based systems. Having concluded that exceptions must play a role in dealing with unauthorized use of a mark in advertising, it then uses three case studies to explore the form that such exceptions might take. It argues that problems with the nature of the advertising right have never been confronted head on, and that current doctrines that permit some forms of unauthorized use in advertising leave trademark owners with unjustifiably broad rights. Nevertheless, there are also indications of how exceptions might be crafted to permit the sort of fact-sensitive inquiry that use in advertising demands. The language of “exceptions” as used in this chapter includes narrowly tailored carve outs from the scope of rights as, for example, when oral use of a sign is excluded from the scope of liability in order to allow salespersons to make comparisons between products, an example that will be discussed in detail toward the end of this chapter.
Creative Destruction of the Civil Law Tradition
Authors: Sun Haochen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter demonstrates how Chinese judges have proactively protected the public interest by boldly deviating from the civil law tradition governing the Chinese legal system. Chinese judges have gone beyond the confinements of the civil law tradition to recognize new fair use exemptions not permitted by Chinese trademark statutes. While China’s Trademark Law allows only for the descriptive use of a trademark by members of the public, Chinese judges have decided in several cases that nominative use should be legally permitted and protected in the public interest. Through such creative rulings, Chinese judges have faithfully followed the public interest objectives of intellectual property protection contained within the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. The chapter further discusses how Chinese judges have developed creative legal methods to ascertain the myriad public interests implicated in limitations on trademark rights. Through an in-depth study of their rulings in cases dealing with nominative uses of trademarks, it considers the ways in which Chinese judges have found that public interests such as robust market competition should be protected.
Limitations of Trademark Rights in Major Asian Jurisdictions
Authors: Liu Kung-Chung 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Amid rapid economic growth in Asia, there is a shortage of comparative literature on Asian IP laws, and even less dealing with Asian trademark laws. This chapter surveys trademark laws in the major Asian jurisdictions of China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Taiwan. It explores four crucial limitations on trademark rights in these jurisdictions: international exhaustion, prohibition of abuse of trademark rights, fair use, and unique defenses against the award of damages. It also summarizes and examines the new limitations on trademark rights that have been adopted in China on the on hand and in Japan, Korea and Taiwan on the other.
Introduction
Authors: Kohl Markus 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The introduction describes the main themes of the book and lays out its key ambition: to provide a systematic reconstruction and a qualified defense of Kant’s libertarian, anti-naturalistic doctrine of free agency. It explains how Kant’s account of freedom relates to contemporary views, and how the interpretation to be developed in the book compares to other major interpretations. It highlights some of the main challenges that arise for a sympathetic reconstruction of Kant’s view, such as the need to explain why Kant prefers a theoretically inscrutable notion of freedom over alternative (compatibilist, naturalistic) notions, or the need to show how Kant can justify the belief that we are free in his metaphysically ambitious (transcendental) sense. The introductory chapter further provides a definition of key terms like “naturalism.” It concludes by giving a survey of the book’s overall structure.
Executive Freedom, Determinism, and the Categorical Imperative
Authors: Kohl Markus 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the second consideration supporting Kant’s stance that human freedom of will is incompatible with the causality of nature: if our faculty of choice (Willkür) were exclusively conditioned by natural causes, then our choices would lack the absolute metaphysical contingency that is integral to our moral self-conception as imperfectly rational agents who can go either way with regards to moral laws of reason. The chapter reconstructs Kant’s argument for this view. Kant’s claim that it is always possible for human agents to violate moral norms does not (contrary to what some commentators suggest) require his hedonism about our empirical motives. Rather, this claim rests on a compelling contrast between desire-based and reason-based motivation that pervades all human choice. The chapter further shows that we freely violate moral laws of reason in three distinctive ways: through self-deception, rationalization, and (controversially) akrasia or weakness of will. In this context, it emerges that Kant does not unequivocally endorse the so-called “Incorporation Thesis” or the “Guise of the Good” view of human agency.