bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How the Implementation of Internal Carbon Pricing Impacts on Carbon Reduction: Facilitating or Hindering
Authors: Qin Linxin , Wang Zhan , Pan Ane 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A growing number of companies are incorporating internal carbon pricing into their climate management strategies, making it one of the ways in which the private sector can combat carbon emissions and respond to the climate crisis. In this study, we used the synthetic control method in an attempt to discover whether the implementation of internal carbon pricing has an impact on the carbon reduction of typical firms at an individual level. As some of the firms cannot be properly fitted, statistical approaches were then applied to the S&P 500 constituent firms to test if there is any correlation between the emission cuts and internal carbon pricing. We also conducted a channel analysis and found that internal carbon pricing affects the amount of carbon emissions by firms mainly through two channels, namely the level of energy intensity and R&D investments. Among them, the energy intensity plays a positive mediating role between emission reduction and internal carbon pricing. As to another channel, contrary to expectations, internal carbon pricing, to some extent, suppresses the R&D investments which will promote carbon emission reduction. That is, the size of R&D investments has masking effects in the relationship between emission cuts and internal carbon pricing. Our findings contribute to researches on the carbon pricing, emission reduction and climate management efforts from the private sector, and have implications for practices.
Comparative evaluation of skeletal, dental and soft tissue changes in skeletal class II treatment using PowerScope and AdvanSync2–A single center, retrospective study
Authors: Gupta Seema , Bhambri Eenal , Sharma Manish , PG Avisha Middha 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Fixed functional appliances are used for correcting Skeletal Class II due to retrognathic mandible.
Objectives: The current study's goal was to assess and contrast the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes produced by PowerScope and AdvanSync2. The null hypothesis was that there were no significant differences in the treatment effects of both the appliances.
Material and methods: A retrospective study was conducted on growing 75 female subjects with skeletal class II malocclusion, divided into 3 groups: Group 1: 25 Subjects of AdvanSync2 (Mean age- 12.61±1.52years); Group 2: 25 subjects of PowerScope (Mean age- 12.23±1.32years) and Group 3: untreated class II control sample of 25 subjects (Mean age- 12.91±0.92years). Lateral cephalograms were traced at T0 (pretreatment) and T1 (post functional) for measuring various skeletal, dental, and soft tissue parameters. ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey test was used for comparison between the groups.
Results: Statistically significant changes were seen in skeletal, dental, and soft tissue parameters with both appliances compared with the control group. AdvanSync2 had statistically significant restrictive effects on the maxilla (p<0.05), produced greater mandibular advancement, retraction and extrusion of the upper incisors, proclination of the lower incisors, overjet reduction, and distalization of the upper molars, whereas PowerScope had non-significant effects on the maxilla and mainly produced dentoalveolar changes with good overbite reduction. Both appliances greatly improved the soft tissue profile of the patients compared with that of the control group.
Clinical implications: AdvanSync 2 is recommended for treating Skeletal Class II for better skeletal effects.
Conclusions: The null hypothesis was rejected in this study. AdvanSync 2 produced better skeletal effects than PowerScope, which displayed better dentoalveolar changes.
The effects of the COVID-19 lockdowns on motor skill development of 6- and 7-year old children in the Netherlands: a longitudinal study
Authors: Uil Anne R. den , Doorn Hemke van , Schweitzer Mandy , Janssen Mirka , Scholte Ron H.J. , Busch Vincent 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: The closing of schools and sports clubs during the COVID-19 lockdown raised questions about the possible impact on children’s motor skill development. Therefore, we compared motor skill development over a one-year period among four different cohorts of primary school children of which two experienced no lockdowns during the study period (control cohorts) and two cohorts experienced one or two lockdowns during the study period (lockdown cohorts).
Methods: A total of 992 children from 9 primary schools participated in this study (age 5 – 7; 47.5% boys, 52.5% girls). Their motor competence was assessed twice using the 4-Skills Test, first in grade 3 (T1) and thereafter in grade 4 (T2). Children in control group 1 and lockdown group 1 were assessed a third time after two years (T3). Mixed factorial ANOVA’s were used to analyse our data.
Results: No significant differences in motor skill development over the study period between the lockdown groups and control groups (p > 0.05) were found, but a difference was found between the two lockdown groups: lockdown group 2 developed significantly better than lockdown group 1 (p = 0.008). While socioeconomic status was an effect modifier, sex and motor ability did not modify the effects of the lockdowns.
Conclusions:The COVID-19 lockdowns in the Netherlands did not negatively affect motor skill development of young children in our study. Due to the complexity of the factors related to the pandemic lockdowns and the dynamic systems involved in motor skill development of children, caution must be taken with drawing general conclusions. Therefore, children’s motor skill development should be closely monitored in the upcoming years and we should pay attention to individual differences.
An Apoptosis-related Specific Risk Model for Breast Cancer: From Genomic Analysis to Precision Medicine
Authors: li zhenghang , Wang Jianwei , Peng Qiling , Jiang Ning , Wei Yuxian , liu haichuan , zhang mingzhu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in women globally, and apoptosis plays an important role in its pathological process. However, studies on the relationship between breast cancer prognosis and apoptosis-related genes are scarce. This study aimed to construct an apoptosis-related specific risk model for breast cancer and preliminarily explore the immunological differences between the high- and low-risk groups of this model to improve the prognosis and treatment of patients with breast cancer.Methods: The Cancer Gene Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were used to analyze the correlation between apoptosis-related genes and differentially expressed genes. Apoptotic genes associated with prognosis were selected, and a risk model was constructed and validated using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional regression analyses. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO)analyses were used to predict potential mechanical pathways. Tumor lymphocyte infiltration was analyzed between the high- and low-risk groups. The CellMiner database, RNA: RNA-seq expression and Compound activity: DTP NCI-60 were used to assess the drug sensitivity of the model genes. Immunohistochemistry was used to validate the levels of risk model signatures in clinical samples.Results: Seventy-four differentially expressed apoptosis-related genes were screened between breast cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Immune infiltration analysis suggested that CD8-positive T-cells and natural killer cells was considerably higher in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group and that the immune effect was higher in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group. Drug sensitivity analysis showed a positive correlation between the model genes and the sensitivity of multiple drugs, such as vemurafenib, dabrafenib, PD-98059, and palbociclib. Immunohistochemistry results were consistent with the above-mentioned results.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the developed apoptosis-related specific risk model could be a novel predictive tool for use in patients with breast cancer and can serve as the basis for future breast cancer therapy.
The relationship between child neglect and secondary school students' quality of life: a study of the mediating effect of core self- evaluation
Authors: Zhou Mingwan , Dong Xueti , Wu Weige , Li Yun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Childhood experiences of neglect hinder the healthy development of secondary school students and affect their quality of life. We aimed to assess the relationship between childhood neglect, core self-evaluation, and quality of life to provide reliable evidence to support secondary school students.
Methods
A stratified random sample of 1692 students from four general middle and high schools in Xiamen in June 2020 were surveyed using the Childhood Neglect Scale (CNS), the Core Self-Esteem Scale (CSES), and the Quality of Life Scale for Children and Adolescents (QLSCA), and the data were analyzed and tested for mediating effects using SPSS 23.0.
Results
15.1% of secondary school students experienced neglect in childhood, of which 19.7% had emotional neglect, 26.4% had safety neglect, 16.5% had communication neglect, and 27.7% had physical neglect. Child neglect was significantly and positively correlated with its factors, child neglect and its factors were significantly and negatively correlated with core self-evaluation, and core self-evaluation and quality of life were significantly positively correlated with quality of life. There was a partially mediating effect of core self-evaluation of secondary school students on the effect between child neglect and its factors (emotional neglect, safety neglect, communication neglect, and physical neglect) and quality of life, and the proportion of the mediating effect to the total effect was 45.73%, 49.61%, 46.59%, 54.64%, and 49.06%, respectively.
Conclusions
Core self-evaluation of secondary school students partially mediated the effect between child neglect and quality of life, and child neglect affected secondary school students' quality of life through core self-evaluation.
Adherence to Treatment According to Patients with Scleroderma: A Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Parniyan Razieh , Pasyar Nilofar , Rambod Masoume , Momennasab Marzieh , Nazarinia Mohammadali 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Scleroderma is a disease without definitive treatment. It has long-term complications, but is controllable. Patients’ adherence to treatment recommendations can prevent acute and chronic complications of the disease and delay its occurrence. This study aimed to explain adherence to treatment from the perspective of patients with scleroderma.
Patients and Methods: The present study was conducted with a qualitative approach. The research setting was Hafez Teaching Hospital, affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Fourteen patients with scleroderma was purposefully selected and participated in semi-structured interviews. To analyze the data, the conventional content analysis approach was used.
Results: According to the participants’ opinions, two main categories emerged.
For the category “the diagnostic-therapeutic regimen as the basis of adherence to treatment”, the data analysis revealed the following subcategories: the value of diagnostic methods and adherence to the drug regimen. For the category “adherence to a range of physical care”, the following subcategories emerged: persistence in monitoring one's weight, attention to skin care, comfort by keeping the body warm, selection of nutritional patterns appropriate for disease conditions and tendency to use complementary medicine.
Conclusion: Adherence to treatment can play a significant role in the self-management and control of scleroderma. The present study showed that patients with scleroderma adhere to the therapeutic regimen by following diagnostic and pharmacotherapy methods, performing skin care, choosing nutritional patterns, using complementary medicine and watching their weight.
The Effect of Percentage of Ideal Body Weight on Outcomes in Ileo-anal Pull Through for Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Huber Hans M , Slater Gary , Heimann Tomas , Bangla Venu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose:
Ileo-anal pull through (IAPT) is a commonly-performed operation for the surgical management of ulcerative colitis. The effect of body weight on outcomes for patients undergoing this operation has not been extensively studied.
Methods:
This was a prospective cohort study at a single tertiary care inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) center. A total of 457 patients who were operated on at the Mount Sinai Medical Center between 1983 and 2015 were included. Demographic characteristics, the patients’ body weight at the time of IAPT and post-operative outcome data were collected.
Results:
For each patient, body weight was calculated as a percentage of the ideal body weight (IBW) for that patient’s height. The mean percentage of ideal body weight was 93.9% with a standard deviation of 20%. The range for the population was 53.1% to 175%. 440 (96%) of the patients had a weight within two standard deviations of the mean, indicating a normal distribution.
79 patients developed a Clavien-Dindo Class III complication necessitating a procedural treatment. The most common of these were a stricture at the anastomotic site (n=54). Our study identified an association between a percentage of ideal body weight in the lowest quartile of our population and development of an anastomotic stricture. This association was statistically significant on multivariate analysis.
Conclusion:
Low body weight at the time of ileo-anal pull through for treatment of UC may be a risk factor for development of anastomotic stricture requiring dilation.
The clinical application of double reverse traction repositor in the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures
Authors: Shao Jiashen , Zhang Huixin , Zheng Zhanle , Zhang Yingze 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of double reverse traction repositor (DRTR) in the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures.
Methods
From November 2015 to July 2017, the patients with posterolateral tibial plateau fractures treated with the DRTR in the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University were included in the present study. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, complications, the Rasmussen’s clinical and radiological scores, the value of articular surface depression and plateau widening, the tibial plateau angle (TPA) and posterior slope angle (PSA) were measured on the preoperative, postoperative radiographs and last follow-up radiographs.
Results
The average follow-up was 16.4 ± 3.8 months. The average operation time was 129 ± 40.4 min. Average blood loss was 210 ± 73.6 ml. At the last follow-up, the average step-off of articular surface and plateau widening were 1.60 ± 0.94 and 1.91 ± 1.73 mm, respectively. There was no significant difference in the average value of articular surface step-off and articular surface widening between the postoperative and the last follow-up (P2 = 0.067, P2 = 0.731). At the last follow-up, the average TPA and PSA were 88.47 ± 2.84 ° and 11.05 ± 4.31 °, respectively. There was no significant difference in the average values of TPA and PSA between the postoperative and the last follow-up (P = 0.761, P = 0.937). At the last follow-up, the average radiological Rasmussen score was 14.74 ± 1.48 (12–18). The average functional Rasmussen score was 27.00 ± 2.90 (19–30).
Conclusion
Our technique has the characteristics of limited soft tissue exposure, short operation time, and few complications.
Advanced (bio)fouling resistant surface modification of PTFE hollow-fiber membranes for water treatment
Authors: Taghavian Hadi , ČERNÍK MIROSLAV , DVOŘÁK LUKÁŠ 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Membrane surface treatment to modify anti-(bio)fouling resistivity plays a key role in membrane technology. This paper reports on the successful use of air-stimulated surface polymerization of dopamine hydrochloride incorporated ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for impeding the intrinsic hydrophobicity and low anti-(bio)fouling resistivity of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hollow-fiber membranes (HFM), using pristine and polydopamine (Pdopa) coated PTFE HFMs with and without an air supply and added ZnO NPs. Zeta potential measurements were performed to evaluate the dispersion stability of ZnO NPs prior to immobilization, while morphological characterization and time-dependency of the Pdopa growth layer were illustrated through scanning electron microscopy. Pdopa surface polymerization and ZnO NPs immobilization were confirmed using FT-IR and EDX spectroscopy. Transformation of the PTFE HFM surface features to superhydrophilic was demonstrated through water contact angle analysis, and the stability of immobilized ZnO NPs assessed by ICP analysis. Anti-fouling criteria and biofouling resistivity performance of the surface-modified membranes were assessed through flux recovery determination of bovine serum albumin dead-end filtration and dynamic-contact-condition microbial evaluation against Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli., respectively. The filtration recovery ratio and antimicrobial activity results suggested promising surface modification impacts on the anti-fouling properties of PTFE HFM. As such, the method represents the first successful use of air-stimulated Pdopa coating incorporating ZnO NPs to induce superhydrophilic PTFE HFM surface modification. Such a method can be extended to the other membranes associated with water treatment processes.
Clinical features and prognosis of chronic natural killer cell lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Liu Donglin , Wang Yanjie , Qian Siyu , Ma Shanshan , Ding Mengjie , Dong Meng , Zhang Jieming , Zhang Mingzhi , Chen Qingjiang , Zhang Xudong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
To analyze the current treatment status and prognostic regression of the rare disease: chronic NK cell lymphoproliferative disorder (CLPD-NK).
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed of the clinical features, treatment and prognosis of 18 patients with CLPD-NK who were treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between September 2016 and September 2022.
Results
Eighteen patients were included: three patients were treated with chemotherapy, five patients underwent immune-related therapy, one patient was treated with glucocorticoids alone, five patients were administered granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, blood transfusion therapy, or anti-infection therapy, followed by observation and follow-up, and four patients were observed without treatment. Fifteen patients survived, including two patients who achieved complete remission (CR) and seven patients who achieved partial remission (PR), of whom one patient progressed to Aggressive NK-cell leukemia (ANKL) and sustained remission after multiple lines of treatment; three patients were not reviewed, of which one patient was still in active disease, three patients developed hemophagocytic syndrome during treatment and eventually died, one of them had positive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) expression. The 5-years overall survival rate was 83%.
Conclusion
Most patients with CLPD-NK have inert progression and a good prognosis, whereas some patients have a poor prognosis after progressing to ANKL and combined with hemophagocytic syndrome. Abnormal NK cells invading the center suggest a high possibility of ANKL development, and immunosuppressants and hormones are effective treatments for this disease.
Ivermectin modulates lung toxicity induced by γ-radiation viaTLR4/ NF-κβ /MAPK pathways
Authors: elkiki shereen , Galal shereen , gazzar Eman el , Mansour Heba 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

BackgroundRadiation is pro-inflammatory in nature because of its ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors with associated inflammatory cells. The current study aims to evaluate the pulmonary protective effects of ivermectin against the high dose of γ- irradiation in adult male albino rats by illuminating the effect of lung receptors toll-like receptors (TLR4), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κβ), as inflammatory mediators.MethodsMale albino rats were given ivermectin orally (3.7mg/kg/day for 14 days), then exposed to a high dose of γ-radiation (30 Gy) in 10 fractions, 5 fractions per week.ResultsGamma-radiation not only boosted the activity of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) in lung tissue but also induced a significant disruption in the antioxidants that led to lung damage via a significant elevation of activities of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), prostaglandin 2 (PG2), TLR4, TGF-β, NF-κβ, and FGF levels. In the present study, ivermectin reduced pulmonary damage by suppressing ROS generation and reestablishing the activities of MAPK, LDHA, and levels of FGF, PG2, TGF-β, NF-κβ, and TLR4 to nearly normal in the lungs. The histopathological study confirmed the biochemical studies.ConclusionIvermectin modulates lung toxicity induced by γ-radiation via TLR4/NF-κβ /MAPK pathways.
Ligand Enabled ortho-Arylation of (hetero)Aromatic Acids with 2,6-Disubstituted Aryl Halides
Authors: Luo Xianglin , Li Zhewei , Zheng Yuzheng , Lin Yueping , Jiang Huanfeng , Gooßen Lukas , Lei Ming , Huang Liangbin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Directed C–H arylations have proven to be some of the most advantageous strategies for the synthesis of biaryls. However, their sensitivity towards steric hindrance is a key limitation. Couplings of 2,6-disubstituted aryl halides with arenes have so far been elusive. This weakness is overcome by a ruthenium 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline catalyst. It allows the selective ortho-C–H arylation of widely available (hetero)aromatic acids with bulky aryl halides in up to 95% isolated yield. 46 Examples of tri-substituted (hetero)biaryls, all outside the scope of established catalyst systems, demonstrate the efficiency of the protocol. Computational and experimental studies illustrate how this unique combination of carboxylate directing group and chelating N-ligand facilitate selectivity determining C–H activation step. The preference for oxidative addition of the aryl halide over competing benzoic acid coordination is decisive to suppress unwanted dehydrogenative homo-coupling.