bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the exactness of the universal backprojection formula for the spherical means Radon transform
Authors: Agranovsky M , Kunyansky L 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The spherical means Radon transform

is defined by the integral of a function f in

R

n

over the sphere

S
(
x
,
r
)

of radius r centered at a x, normalized by the area of the sphere. The problem of reconstructing f from the data

where x belongs to a hypersurface

Γ
⊂

R

n

and

r
∈
(
0
,
∞
)

has important applications in modern imaging modalities, such as photo- and thermo- acoustic tomography. When Γ coincides with the boundary

∂
Ω

of a bounded (convex) domain

Ω
⊂

R

n

, a function supported within Ω can be uniquely recovered from its spherical means known on Γ. We are interested in explicit inversion formulas for such a reconstruction. If

Γ
=
∂
Ω

, such formulas are only known for the case when Γ is an ellipsoid (or one of its partial cases). This gives rise to a question: can explicit inversion formulas be found for other closed hypersurfaces Γ? In this article we prove, for the so-called ‘universal backprojection inversion formulas’, that their extension to non-ellipsoidal domains Ω is impossible, and therefore ellipsoids constitute the largest class of closed convex hypersurfaces for which such formulas hold.
Automatic ROI recognition and parameters selection for digital image correlation in measuring structures with complex shapes
Authors: Cheng Xiangnan , Xing Tongzhen , Zhou Shichao , Sun Chen , Ma Shaopeng , Chen Jubing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
For the digital image correlation (DIC) method, the measurement of specimens with complex shapes may encounter difficulties due to the time-consuming recognition of region of interest (ROI), and the indeterminate parameter selection caused by the non-uniform deformation. This paper proposes an automatic DIC for the measurement of structures with complex shapes. An automatic ROI segmentation is developed by combining a convolutional neural network and image morphology, so the boundary of the specimen can be acquired accurately and efficiently. In dealing with the non-uniform deformation, a strain-related automatic selection of DIC parameters is developed, in which the sampling intervals and the subset sizes at different areas can be automatically determined. Both results of the simulated experiment and real experiment show that, by combing the two approaches with segmentation-aided DIC, the proposed automatic DIC can characterize the complex deformation including the boundary of the structures effectively.
Growth modification via indium surfactant for InGaN/GaN green LED
Authors: Md Taib M Ikram , Ahmad M A , Alias E A , Alhassan A I , Ajia I A , Muhammed M M , Roqan I S , DenBaars S P , Speck J S , Nakamura S , Zainal N 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this work, indium (In) was introduced as a surfactant during growth of high temperature GaN quantum barriers (QBs) and GaN interlayer of InGaN/GaN green LEDs. A reference LED grown without In-surfactant was also included for comparison. Results suggested that the LED growth was improved by introducing the In-surfactant, especially during the growth of the GaN interlayer. The In-surfactant improved the morphology of the interlayer, hence allowed it to serve as a good surface growth for the LED. Moreover, the LED showed the lowest full width at half maximum of each x-ray diffraction satellite peak when the In-surfactant was introduced in the GaN interlayer, suggesting an effective way to improve the multi-quantum wells. The introduction of the In-surfactant in the GaN interlayer and GaN QBs growths shifted the emission wavelength of the corresponding LEDs towards red (λ
emission = 534 nm) with respect to the reference LED where λ
emission = 526 nm. Furthermore, the In-surfactant introduction reduced the forward voltage, V
f of the corresponding LEDs down to 4.56 V, compared to the reference LED with V
f of 5.33 V. It also allowed the LEDs to show faster carrier decay lifetime, and hence higher radiative recombination, particularly when it was introduced in the GaN interlayer growth.
A global distinct pp-wave spacetime
Authors: Carneiro F L , Ulhoa S C , da Rocha-Neto J F , Maluf J W 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper aims to investigate a spacetime that ensues from the generalized pp-waves metric by a specific choice of parameters. We obtain an additional off-diagonal term in the standard pp-waves line element. The spacetime is classified according to Petrov’s classification. The gravitational field equations are solved and the solutions are obtained. In order to distinguish this new spacetime from the standard pp-waves, we evaluate a Burgers vector of this spacetime in a local Burgers circuit and we show the new spacetime to be globally distinct from the standard pp-waves spacetime. Hence, we find topological defects present in a particular class of Brinkmann waves.
Smoothing the surface roughness of aluminum nitride films obtained by magnetron sputtering
Authors: Baranova L V , Strunin V I 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
When producing aluminum nitride films used in radio electronic devices on bulk (BAW) and surface acoustic waves (SAW), such as resonators, filters, sensors, by magnetron sputtering, a problem arises due to the large surface roughness of the films, as a result of which acoustic waves scatter on irregularities and, as a result, deterioration of the resonance characteristics of the devices. In this paper, we study the possibility of improving the surface quality of aluminum nitride films by smoothing the surface roughness upon irradiation with a beam of cluster argon ions. It is shown that the effect of low-energy (10 V/atom) argon cluster ions leads to surface modification, removal of residual chemical contaminants in the near-surface layer, and additional smoothing of the film surface at an ultra-small thickness of the etched layer (<100 nm).
Employing template-directed CRISPR-based editing of theOsALSgene to create herbicide tolerance in Basmati rice
Authors: Zafar Kashaf , Khan Muhammad Zuhaib , Amin Imran , Mukhtar Zahid , Zafar Mehak , Mansoor Shahid 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa) is one of the primary food crops which contributes major portion of daily calorie intake. It is used as model crop for various genome editing studies. Basmati rice was also explored for establishing non-homologous end joining-based genome editing. But it was not clear whether homology-directed repair (HDR)-based genome editing can be done in Basmati rice. The current study was designed to establish HDR-based genome editing in Basmati rice to develop herbicide tolerance. There is severe weed spread when rice is grown via direct planted rice method in various countries to save labour and water resources. Therefore, the use of herbicides is necessary to control weeds. These herbicides can also affect cultivated rice which creates the need to develop herbicide-tolerant rice. In current study, we introduced a point mutation in Acetolactate Synthase gene to convert tryptophan to leucine at position 548. For this purpose, different constructs for HDR were tested with different RNA scaffold and orientation of repair templates. Out of four different architectures, the one having repair template identical to the target DNA strand precisely edited the target site. We successfully established template-directed CRISPR-Cas9 system in Super Basmati rice by detecting desired substitutions at the target site in Acetolactate Synthase locus. Moreover, this editing of Acetolactate Synthase gene resulted in the production of herbicide tolerance in Super Basmati rice. This study suggests that such type of HDR system can be used to precisely edit other genes for crop improvement.
The GENESIS-UV study on ultraviolet radiation exposure levels in 250 occupations to foster epidemiological and legislative efforts to combat nonmelanoma skin cancer
Authors: Wittlich Marc , Westerhausen Stephan , Strehl Benjamin , Versteeg Helmut , Stöppelmann Wiho  
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Several hundred million of the 3 billion formally employed people worldwide are at risk from high levels of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Chronic light damage to the skin can lead to nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), especially when irradiation is too high and is acquired for decades. However, data with uniform metrics, high resolution over time and in-depth occupational profiles are not available.

Objectives
To build a worldwide usable matrix of UVR exposure in occupations and to show use cases for the data.

Methods
One thousand test persons were recruited to wear electronic data logger dosimeters during their working time for 7 months each. The measurements yielded 3.7 billion data points for around 48 000 days with high-quality data capture covering more than 250 occupations and 650 activities. Scientific evaluation of the data included daily and half-hourly means, geographical transfer calculations to the world, threshold exceedance quotas, transcriptome effects, and occupational disease estimates.

Results
A compendium for global use is presented. In-depth analyses and the resulting implications for research have been elaborated to directly link exposure data to effects in the human body. Interestingly, the annual irradiances of the different occupations span a wide range of values: from about 650 to 50 standard erythemal doses, with different distributions over the months. Detailed exposure data per occupation were derived, and the risk on an occupational or activity basis assuming different exposure level quotas was quantified. This showed that, for example, in temperate latitudes, all activities with a duration of &gt; 2 h outdoors are associated with increased NMSC risk.

Conclusions
We offer our work to enable sound studies on the nature of ultraviolet-induced skin cancer, dose–response relationships, intermittency of skin exposure, and derivation of limit values. Sociological studies on prevention are now possible. Practitioners may use the findings for their daily work with employees.
Factors influencing self-care among patients with primary hypertension: path analysis of mediating roles of self-efficacy and depressive symptoms
Authors: Chen Ting-Yu , Kao Chi-Wen , Cheng Shu-Meng , Liu Chieh-Yu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Aims
Blood pressure control requires medication adherence and lifestyle modifications. Social cognitive theory suggests social support, psychological adaptation, and self-efficacy can reinforce lifestyle modifications. This study investigated if self-efficacy was a mediator between self-rated health status (SRHS), social support, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and self-care among patients with hypertension.

Method and results
This cross-sectional study recruited patients with primary hypertension by convenience sampling (N = 318) from an outpatient cardiology clinic. Data included participant characteristics and self-report scales for social support, SRHS, anxiety, depressive symptoms, Self-efficacy and self-care diet quality and weight management. We used path analysis to test the hypothesized model. The mean age of participants was 63.91 ± 11.80 years. Mean scale scores for social support and depressive symptoms were 54.23 ± 13.26 and 6.14 ± 3.14, respectively; SRHS was 66.91 ± 13.80, self-efficacy was 34.31 ± 11.62, self-care for diet quality and weight management were 36.50 ± 13.19 and 27.38 ± 8.64, respectively. Bootstrapping demonstrated self-efficacy was the mediator between social support and self-care for diet quality and weight management; depressive symptoms mediated the relationship between social support and self-efficacy. In addition, the variable of depressive symptoms was also a mediator between SRHS and self-efficacy. The final model showed SRHS, social support, depressive symptoms, and self-efficacy explained 28% of self-care.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest developing theory-based interventions for patients with hypertension that provide education and/or psychological support for increasing patients’ self-efficacy and reducing depressive symptoms simultaneously to facilitate their long-term self-care behaviours.
Association of electrocardiographic spatial heterogeneity of repolarization and spatial heterogeneity of atrial depolarization with left ventricular fibrosis
Authors: Hekkanen Jenni J , Kenttä Tuomas V , Holmström Lauri , Tulppo Mikko P , Ukkola Olavi H , Pakanen Lasse , Junttila M Juhani , Huikuri Heikki V , Perkiömäki Juha S 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the relationship between spatial heterogeneity of electrocardiographic repolarization and spatial heterogeneity of atrial depolarization with arrhythmic substrate represented by left ventricular fibrosis.Methods and resultsWe assessed the associations of T- and P-wave morphology parameters analysed from the standard 12-lead electrocardiograms with left ventricular fibrosis in 378 victims of unexpected sudden cardiac death (SCD) who underwent medico-legal autopsy. Based on autopsy findings, the SCD victims were categorized into four different groups according to different stages of severity of left ventricular fibrosis (substantial fibrosis, moderate patchy fibrosis, scattered mild fibrosis, no fibrosis). T-wave and P-wave area dispersion (TWAd: 0.0841 ± 0.496, 0.170 ± 0.492, 0.302 ± 404, 0.296 ± 0.476, P = 0.008; PWAd: 0.574 ± 0.384, 0.561 ± 0.367, 0.654 ± 0.281, 0.717 ± 0.257, P = 0.011, respectively; low values abnormal), non-dipolar components of T-wave and P-wave morphology (T_NonDipolarABS: 0.0496 ± 0.0377, 0.0571 ± 0.0487, 0.0432 ± 0.0476, 0.0380 ± 0.0377, P = 0.027; P_NonDipolarABS: 0.0132 ± 0.0164, 0.0130 ± 0.0135, 0.0092 ± 0.0117, 0.0069 ± 0.00472, P = 0.005, respectively, high values abnormal), T-wave morphology dispersion (TMD: 45.9 ± 28.3, 40.5 ± 25.8, 35.5 ± 24.9, 33.0 ± 24.6, P = 0.030, respectively, high values abnormal), and P-wave heterogeneity (PWH: 20.0 ± 9.44, 19.7 ± 8.87, 17.9 ± 9.78, 15.4 ± 4.60, P = 0.019, respectively, high values abnormal) differed significantly between the groups with different stages of left ventricular fibrosis. After adjustment with heart weight, T_NonDipolarABS [standardized β (sβ) = 0.131, P = 0.014], PWAd (sβ = −0.161, P = 0.003), P_NonDipolarABS (sβ = 0.174, P = 0.001), and PWH (sβ = 0.128, P = 0.015) retained independent association, and TWAd (sβ = −0.091, P = 0.074) and TMD (sβ = 0.097, P = 0.063) tended to retain their association with the degree of myocardial fibrosis.ConclusionOur findings suggest that abnormal values of T- and P-wave morphology are associated with arrhythmic substrate represented by ventricular fibrosis partly explaining the mechanism behind their prognostic significance.
Reduction in long-term mortality using remote device monitoring in a large real-world population of patients with implantable defibrillators
Authors: Kolk Maarten Z H , Narayan Sanjiv M , Clopton Paul , Wilde Arthur A M , Knops Reinoud E , Tjong Fleur V Y 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsRemote monitoring (RM) for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) is advocated for the potential of early detection of disease progression and device dysfunction. While studies have examined the effect of RM on clinical outcomes in carefully selected populations of heart failure patients implanted with ICDs from a single vendor, there is a paucity of data in real-world patients. We aimed to assess the long-term effect of RM in a representative ICD population using real-world data.Methods and resultsThis is an observational retrospective longitudinal study of 1004 patients implanted with an ICD or cardiac resynchronization therapy device (CRT-D) from all device vendors between 2010 and 2021. Patients started on RM (N = 403) within 90 days following de novo device implantation and yearly in-office visits were compared with patients with only bi-yearly in-office follow-up (non-RM, N = 601). In a propensity score matched cohort of 430 patients (mean age 61.4 ± 14.3 years, 26.7% female), all-cause mortality at 4-year was 12.6% in the RM and 27.7% in the non-RM group [hazard ratio (HR) 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32–0.82; P = 0.005]. No difference in inappropriate ICD-therapy (HR 1.90, 95% CI 0.86–4.21; P = 0.122) was observed. The risk of appropriate ICD-therapy (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.07–2.74; P = 0.026) was higher in the RM group.ConclusionRemote monitoring was associated with a reduction in long-term all-cause and cardiac mortality compared with traditional office visits in a real-world ICD population.
Increased mesoscale diffusivity in response to acute glucose starvation
Authors: Xie Ying , Gresham David , Holt Liam 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMacromolecular crowding is an important parameter that impacts multiple biological processes. Passive microrheology using single particle tracking is a powerful means of studying macromolecular crowding. Here we monitored the diffusivity of self-assembling fluorescent nanoparticles (μNS) in response to acute glucose starvation. mRNP diffusivity was reduced upon glucose starvation as previously reported. In contrast, we observed increased diffusivity of μNS particles. Our results suggest that, upon glucose starvation, mRNP granule diffusivity may be reduced due to changes in physical interactions, while global crowding in the cytoplasm may be reduced.
Femtosecond laser preparation of resin embedded samples for correlative microscopy workflows in life sciences
Authors: Bosch C , Lindenau J , Pacureanu A , Peddie CJ , Majkut M , Douglas AC , Carzaniga R , Rack A , Collinson L , Schaefer AT , Stegmann H 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTCorrelative multimodal imaging is a useful approach to investigate complex structural relations in life sciences across multiple scales. For these experiments, sample preparation workflows that are compatible with multiple imaging techniques must be established. In one such implementation, a fluorescently-labelled region of interest in a biological soft tissue sample can be imaged with light microscopy before staining the specimen with heavy metals, enabling follow-up higher resolution structural imaging at the targeted location, bringing context where it is required. Alternatively, or in addition to fluorescence imaging, other microscopy methods such as synchrotron X-ray computed tomography with propagation-based phase contrast (SXRT) or serial blockface scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) might also be applied. When combining imaging techniques across scales, it is common that a volumetric region of interest (ROI) needs to be carved from the total sample volume before high resolution imaging with a subsequent technique can be performed. In these situations, the overall success of the correlative workflow depends on the precise targeting of the ROI and the trimming of the sample down to a suitable dimension and geometry for downstream imaging.Here we showcase the utility of a novel femtosecond laser device to prepare microscopic samples (1) of an optimised geometry for synchrotron X-ray microscopy as well as (2) for subsequent volume electron microscopy applications, embedded in a wider correlative multimodal imaging workflow (Fig. 1).
Anionic Phospholipids Control Mechanisms of GPCR-G Protein Recognition
Authors: Thakur Naveen , Ray Arka P. , Sharp Liam , Jin Beining , Duong Alexander , Pour Niloofar Gopal , Obeng Samuel , Wijesekara Anuradha V. , Gao Zhan-Guo , McCurdy Christopher R. , Jacobson Kenneth A. , Lyman Edward , Eddy Matthew T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are embedded in phospholipids that strongly influence drug-stimulated signaling. Anionic lipids are particularly important for GPCR signaling complex formation, but a mechanism for this role is not understood. Using NMR spectroscopy, we visualized the impact of anionic lipids on the function-related conformational equilibria of the human A2Aadenosine receptor (A2AAR) in bilayers containing defined mixtures of zwitterionic and anionic phospholipids. Anionic lipids primed the receptor to form complexes with G proteins through a conformational selection process. Without anionic lipids, signaling complex formation proceeded through a less favorable induced fit mechanism. In computational models, anionic lipids mimicked interactions between a G protein and positively charged residues in A2AAR at the receptor intracellular surface, stabilizing a pre-activated receptor conformation. Replacing these residues strikingly altered the receptor response to anionic lipids in experiments. High sequence conservation of the same residues among all GPCRs supports a general role for lipid-receptor charge complementarity in signaling.
Chitosan oligosaccharide induces plant resistance gene expression inPinus massoniana
Authors: Yin Huayang , Guo Wanlin , Fang Jianmin , Liu Hongjian , Dong Guangping , Li Xiaojuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChitosan oligosaccharides are the main degradation products from chitosan or chitin and have been reported to induce resistance to diseases in herbaceous plants like cucumber andArabidopsis. Concomitantly, pine wilt disease is a devastating disease of conifer tree species. Here, we hypothesized that chitosan oligosaccharides induce plant resistance gene (PRG) expression in the woody plant Masson pine,Pinus massoniana. Chitosan oligosaccharides were inoculated intoP. massonianaseedlings and the BGISEQ-500 platform was used to generate transcriptomes from chitosan oligosaccharide-treatedP. massonianaand control seedlings. A total of 501 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by comparing the treatment and control groups. A total of 251 (50.1%) DEGs were up-regulated in the treatment relative to the control seedlings and 250 (49.9%) were down-regulated. Inoculation of chitosan oligosaccharide induced the expression of 31 PRGs inP. massonianaseedlings and the relative expression levels of six of the PRGs were verified by RT-qPCR. This is the first study to demonstrate that chitosan oligosaccharide induces the expression of PRGs in a tree species. These results provide important insights into the function of chitosan oligosaccharides and further the prospects of developing a chitosan oligosaccharide-based immune inducer for controlling pine wilt disease.