bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phycoremediation and simultaneous production of protein‐rich algal biomass from aquaculture and agriculture wastewaters
Authors: Bhatti Shabana , Richards Robert , Wall Cheryl L. , MacPherson Margaret J. , Stemmler Kevin , Lalonde Crystal G. , Patelakis Shane J. J. , Tibbetts Sean M. , McGinn Patrick J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicroalgae cultivation in wastewaters is a potential remediation technology for converting residual nutrients into valuable biomass for biofuels, fertilizers, animal and aquaculture feeds, and bio‐based chemicals. The objective of this study was to determine the potential for microalgae phycoremediation of aquaculture and agriculture wastewaters for sustainable production of nutrient‐rich algal biomass.RESULTSThirty‐seven aquaculture and agriculture wastewaters were evaluated as growth media for two freshwater, chlorophytic microalgae strains (Chlorella sorokiniana SMC14M and Scenedesmus sp. AMDD). Although nutrient levels and physicochemical parameters of the wastewaters varied widely, phycoremediation efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorous was high (> 70%) for a large majority of them, with both microalgae strains. Photobioreactor cultivation (300 L) of C. sorokiniana grown on finfish aquaculture wastewater (CA2) and standard growth medium (SGM) exhibited similar biomass production levels and nutritional compositions of moisture (4.9–5.0%), ash (5.9–6.1%), nitrogen (8.6–8.8%), protein (41.0–42.1%), lipid (8.6–8.8%), carbohydrate (38.3–39.3%) and gross energy (22.2–22.3 MJ⋅kg−1) with highly similar fatty acid and amino acid profiles.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates that the use of freshwater microalgae to remediate various aquaculture and agriculture wastewaters, while producing valuable nutrient‐rich biomass, is feasible. We have found that a particular finfish aquaculture wastewater (CA2) contains all of the nutrients required for rapid microalgae growth, avoiding the need for expensive commercial fertilizers. The biochemical composition of C. sorokiniana grown on CA2 aquaculture wastewater has good potential for use as a nutrient‐rich ingredient for animal and aquaculture feeds, fertilizers products, biofuels and other applications, resulting in remediated water that could be reused. © 2023 National Research Council Canada. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Innovation, Science, and Economic Development.
Characterization of polymer‐polymer aqueous two‐phase system droplets for 3D culture future applications
Authors: Chairez‐Cantu Karolina , González‐González Mirna , Rito‐Palomares Marco 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDCell‐based high‐throughput platforms using aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) have led to the construction of 3D cultures using ATPS in which stem cells are confined into polymer–polymer droplets, giving rise to viable spheroids for their further proliferation and differentiation. This work aims to characterize polymer–polymer ATPS droplet generation based on diameter size, morphology and uniformity, using basic laboratory equipment.RESULTSDextran (DEX), including DEX 500 000 and 70 000 g mol−1, as well as UCON were used as the droplet phase (0.5, 1, 2 μL). Polyethylene glycol (PEG), including PEG 8 000, 10 000 and 35 000 g mol−1, as well as DEX 75 000 g mol−1 and Ficoll were used as the bulk phase (50, 100 μL). Different ATPS compositions (molecular weights and concentrations) with phosphate‐buffered saline as ATPS solvent and construction strategies (droplet added, immersed or covered) were evaluated in 96‐well plates. ATPS droplets were generated in PEG‐DEX ATPS. Diameter size and morphology were susceptible to ATPS compositions, construction strategies and DEX droplet phase volumes with no significant difference in PEG bulk phase volumes, whereas higher uniformity of ATPS droplets was correlated to lower PEG bulk volumes. Therefore, 1 μL DEX droplets immersed at the bottom of a well filled with 50 μL PEG resulted in uniform ATPS droplets with a mid‐range diameter of 1.35 ± 0.23 mm.CONCLUSIONSAccording to the results, this work demonstrates simplified and practical alternatives for the generation of reproducible PEG‐DEX ATPS droplets that could be adapted for the encapsulation of different cell types for further 3D culture applications. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Decoupling solid and hydraulic retention times in microalgal biofilm reactors treating primary wastewater: performance and biodiesel potential
Authors: Arcila Juan S , Halloum Ibrahim , Calvo Diana , Buitrón Germán , Torres César I 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicroalgal biofilm systems are a promising approach for wastewater treatment and for production of biodiesel precursors through simple biomass harvesting. However, the low concentration of nutrients in wastewater limits possible approaches for microalgal growth. The effective decoupling of the solid retention time (SRT) and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) in biofilm reactors as an alternative for increasing microalgae growth and biodiesel performance in low‐strength wastewater has not been investigated. In this study, we tracked how decoupling the SRT and the HRT influences the removal of organics and nutrients, the biomass productivity and the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME).RESULTSThree perturbations of the HRT, SRT and liquid level (LL) with regards to the base case condition (HRT 2.6 h; SRT 21 days, LL 5 mm) performance were analyzed. The base case showed the highest TN and TP removal (>50%) outcomes with high pH values (>10). A decrease of HRT and SRT from 2.6 to 1.3 h and 21 to 10 days, respectively, promoted an increment of microalgal productivity ≤5.8 ± 0.7 g m−2 day−1. A short HRT of 1.3 h enhanced the nitrogen removal rate up to 1.2 g N m−2 day−1, which triggered an increase in the FAME productivity and microalgal density on the biofilms without affecting their productivity.CONCLUSIONOur study demonstrated that the strategy of decoupling HRT and SRT allows operation at shorter HRTs, promoting microalgal growth without affecting FAME production in low‐strength municipal wastewater. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
More complex incidental bidirectional naming results from exposure alone
Authors: Kleinert‐Ventresca Kelly , Greer R. Douglas , Baldonado Lauren 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIncidental bidirectional naming (Inc‐BiN) has been defined as a verbal developmental cusp whereby children demonstrate learning the names of things as listener and speaker as a function of observation alone. Stimulus characteristics have been found to affect performance in tests for Inc‐BiN. To further explore this effect, Experiment 1 compared untaught listener and speaker responses for novel familiar‐type versus novel nonfamiliar‐type stimuli with 20 first‐grade students following naming experiences in which the participants observed each visual stimulus five times while hearing its name. Participants performed significantly better with familiar‐type than with nonfamiliar‐type stimuli. Experiment 2 examined the effects of a repeated‐probe intervention to induce Inc‐BiN with nonfamiliar‐type stimuli. Participants were six first‐grade students who demonstrated incidental unidirectional naming (i.e., acquired names as listener from exposure alone). Implementation of the intervention was staggered across dyads of participants in a multiple‐probe, simultaneous‐treatments design. One participant in each dyad received the intervention with nonfamiliar‐type stimuli only and the other with both nonfamiliar‐ and familiar‐type stimuli. Pre‐ and postintervention Inc‐BiN probes with stimuli not included in the intervention suggested both conditions were effective in establishing Inc‐BiN for nonfamiliar‐type stimuli. These findings have implications for understanding the mechanisms underlying Inc‐BiN.
The effect of neuroinflammation on the cerebral metabolism at baseline and after neural stimulation in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Cheataini Fatima , Ballout Nissrine , Al Sagheer Tareq 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNeuroinflammation is a reaction of nervous tissue to an attack caused by an infection, a toxin, or a neurodegenerative disease. It involves brain metabolism adaptation in order to meet the increased energy needs of glial cell activation, but the nature of these adaptations is still unknown. Increasing interest concerning neuroinflammation leads to the identification of its role in neurodegenerative diseases. Few reports studied the effect of metabolic alteration on neuroinflammation. Metabolic damage initiates a pro‐inflammatory response by microglial activation. Moreover, the exact neuroinflammation effect on cerebral cell metabolism remains unknown. In this study, we reviewed systematically the neuroinflammation effect in animal models' brains. All articles showing the relationship of neuroinflammation with brain metabolism, or with neuronal stimulation in neurodegenerative diseases were considered. Moreover, this review examines also the mitochondrial damage effect in neurodegeneration diseases. Then, different biosensors are classified regarding their importance in the determination of metabolite change. Finally, some therapeutic drugs inhibiting neuroinflammation are cited. Neuroinflammation increases lymphocyte infiltration and cytokines' overproduction, altering cellular energy homeostasis. This review demonstrates the importance of neuroinflammation as a mediator of disease progression. Further, the spread of depolarization effects pro‐inflammatory genes expression and microglial activation, which contribute to the degeneration of neurons, paving the road to better management and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Microglial inflammation modulates opioid analgesic tolerance
Authors: Pahan Priyanka , Xie Jennifer Yanhua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs we all know, opioids are the drugs of choice for treating severe pain. However, very often, opioid use leads to tolerance, dependence, and hyperalgesia. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying opioid tolerance and designing strategies for increasing the efficacy of opioids in chronic pain are important areas of research. Microglia are brain macrophages that remove debris and dead cells from the brain and participate in immune defense of the central nervous system during an insult or injury. However, recent studies indicate that microglial activation and generation of proinflammatory molecules (e.g., cytokines, nitric oxide, eicosanoids, etc.) in the brain may contribute to opioid tolerance and other side effects of opioid use. In this review, we will summarize the evidence and possible mechanisms by which proinflammatory molecules produced by activated microglia may antagonize the analgesic effect induced by opioids, and thus, lead to opioid tolerance. We will also delineate specific examples of studies that suggest therapeutic targets to counteract the development of tolerance clinically using suppressors of microglial inflammation.
Focal vascular occlusion: A link between livedoid vasculopathy and cutaneous arteritis?
Authors: Nagy Géza R. , Veres Klára , Belső Nóra , Németh István Balázs , Varga Erika , Korom Irma , Kemény Lajos , Bata‐Csörgő Zsuzsanna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundLivedoid vasculopathy (LV) and cutaneous arteritis (CA) are rare cutaneous diseases. A consideration of these two conditions as different entities is debatable, because thrombosis and inflammation are closely related in their pathogenesis mechanisms. Varying reports on the effectiveness of anticoagulant and immunosuppressant therapies in LV and CA also point to diagnostic challenge and overlap in these conditions.ObjectivesWe sought to assess the therapeutic effect of anticoagulation therapy in adult patients with CA, who were recalcitrant to immunosuppressive modalities.MethodsA monocentric retrospective analysis of adult patients who were diagnosed with CA between 2010 and 2018, was carried out.ResultsWe describe 8 cases of long‐term recalcitrant CA, in whom anticoagulation therapy significantly reduced the pain and cutaneous symptoms. All patients had cutaneous symptoms compatible with CA along with clinical features also characteristic of LV, including underlying procoagulative disorders in the majority (87.5%), as confirmed by screening for thrombophilia. We also review current concepts regarding LV and CA, and suggest vascular occlusion is a common link between these two entities.ConclusionsAlthough current knowledge advocates segregating vasculopathy from vasculitis by means of histopathological examination in LV and CA, clinical experience suggests some overlap and common complex underlying pathomechanisms.
Enhancing Thermal Conductivity of hBN/SiC/PTFE Composites with Low Dielectric Properties via Pulse Vibration Molding
Authors: Feng Yanhong , Chen Tao , Gao Shuo , Yin Xiaochun , Zhang Guizhen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn order to enhance the thermal conductivity of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)‐based composites, while maintaining relatively low dielectric constant and dielectric loss for high‐frequency and high‐speed applications, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and silicon carbide (SiC) compounded fillers are filled into the PTFE matrix. The hBN/SiC/PTFE composites are prepared by pulse vibration molding (PVM), and their subsequent thermal conductivities are comparatively investigated. The PVM process with controlled fluctuation in pressure (1 Hz square wave force, 0–20 MPa, at 150 °C) can reduce the sample porosity and surface defects, improve the orientation of hBN, and increase the thermal conductivity by 44.6% compared with that obtained by compression molding. When hBN:SiC (vol) is 3:1, the in‐plane thermal conductivity of the composite with 40 vol% filler content is ≈4.83 W m−1 K−1, which is 40.3% higher than that of hBN/PTFE. Regarding the dielectric properties, hBN/SiC/PTFE maintains a low dielectric constant of 3.27 and a low dielectric loss of 0.0058. The dielectric constants of hBN/SiC/PTFE ternary composites are predicted by using different prediction models, among which the effective medium theory (EMT), is in good agreement with the experimental results. PVM shows great potential in the large‐scale preparation of thermal conductive composites for high‐frequency and high‐speed applications.
Characterisation of the mechanical properties of polyamide 12 powder when using titanium dioxide as antimicrobial additive
Authors: du Maire P. , Deckert M. , Johlitz M. , Öchsner A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAntimicrobial properties of plastic components are an important part of polymer engineering. One commonly used additive with an antibacterial effect is titanium dioxide. The aim of this study is to investigate the influences on the mechanical properties resulting from the addition of titanium dioxide as an antimicrobial additive and the processing of the compounds with selective laser sintering. Compounds with 5 %, 10 % and 15 % titanium dioxide and polyamide 12 as matrix material are fabricated. Tensile test specimen are produced from the compounds, examined and the results compared with virgin polyamide 12. The investigations show a general loss in the ultimate tensile strength compared to the virgin polyamide 12. Comparing the different titanium dioxide contents with each other, an increasing tensile strength with increasing titanium dioxide content of the compound can be examined. A decreasing elongation at break and thus a decreasing ductility can also be observed. Furthermore, the results of the tensile test show a stiffening effect, i. e. an increase in the elastic modulus due to the addition of titanium dioxide.
Videoconference‐led art‐based interventions for children during COVID‐19: Comparing mindful mandala and emotion‐based drawings
Authors: Léger‐Goodes Terra , Malboeuf‐Hurtubise Catherine , Herba Catherine M. , Taylor Geneviève , Mageau Geneviève A. , Chadi Nicholas , Lefrançois David 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEmerging evidence on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic suggests that children are experiencing a deterioration in mental health, namely, an increase in anxiety, depression, and hyperactivity symptoms. To address this rising issue, preventive strategies and mental health interventions need to be evaluated to help children in their school setting. Recent studies have suggested that art‐based interventions could increase children's well‐being and be easily implemented in schools. The goal of this study was to assess the effects of an emotion‐based directed drawing intervention, compared to a mandala drawing intervention, on elementary school children's (n = 165) mental health, in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. An experimental design was used to compare the effects of the two interventions on primary school students' anxiety, depression, and inattention symptoms. All drawing activities were led by an online facilitator, while children and teachers attended school in‐person. Mixed analyses of variance revealed a significant effect of time on students' levels of anxiety. Post hoc sensitivity analyses indicated that children from both groups reported lower levels of anxiety pre‐ to postintervention. Results from this study showed that, in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic, both emotion‐based and mandala drawing interventions could improve certain mental health aspects of elementary school children, by reducing their anxiety levels. Informal evidence indicates that implementing these interventions online and remotely through a videoconferencing platform is feasible and well received by children and their teachers. Nevertheless, future studies should include an inactive control group, explore the acceptability of the intervention, and use longitudinal methods to better document if the positive impacts on mental health can be maintained through time.
Advanced practice physiotherapists in Scottish primary care: Axial Spondyloarthropathy epidemiology, time to diagnosis, and referrals to rheumatology
Authors: Hepburn Jordan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectives(1) Generate empirical knowledge of a Musculoskeletal (MSK) Advanced Practice Physiotherapist (APP) Service in Scottish Primary Care; (2) Identify the incidence and baseline time to diagnosis of Axial Spondyloarthropathy (AxSpA); (3) Identify APP Rheumatology referral fulfilment of the NICE 2017 Guidelines and Spondylarthritis Diagnosis Evaluation (SPADE) Tool; (4) Calculate APP Rheumatology referral conversion rates for AxSpA diagnosis and further investigation; (5) Contribute towards the current body of literature for informing analysis of MSK APP services within Scottish Primary Care.MethodsAn audit and evaluation approach was undertaken over a 3‐year period (May 2019–April 2022). Relevant clinical cases from the whole‐service data‐set were identified and analysed, using retrospective electronic healthcare record review and descriptive statistical techniques.ResultsA total of 37,656 primary care MSK APP consultations took place, with N = 19 suspected AxSpA referrals made to Rheumatology. N = 6 cases of AxSpA were diagnosed by a Rheumatologist (31.6%). The mean age of individuals diagnosed with AxSpA was 39.6 ± 8.8, and 66.7% (4/6) were female. Mean time to diagnosis was 3.4 years, and incidence per‐10,000 person‐years was 1.6. Compliance of referrals with the NICE 2017 Guidelines and SPADE Tool Criteria was 78.9%. Of those diagnosed with AxSpA, 66.7% met both referral criterion sets.ConclusionThose referred by an MSK APP from primary care had a 5.1 year shorter time to diagnosis than the previous reported UK average of 8.5 years. APPs identified relevant AxSpA features in referring to Rheumatology, and supported effective implementation of the local secondary care pathway.
Effect of online modified mindfulness‐based stress reduction training on the resilience of nursing interns in China
Authors: Wang Yanqiu , Kou Jingli , Han Binru 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to adopt online mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) training to increase the resilience of nursing interns and help them to achieve a smooth transition.DesignA one‐group pretest‐posttest study design was used.MethodsA total of 119 college nursing interns were recruited from 12 tertiary hospitals in Beijing on Feb.20, 2021. The MBSR training was organized into 4 weeks of courses, conducted online using Tencent Meeting and taught by a certified teacher at the Oxford Mindfulness Centre. Resilience was assessed before and 2 weeks after the training, respectively, using Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents via an online questionnaire tool.ResultsSeventy‐nine college nursing interns finished both of the resilience questionnaire surveys. The mean resilience values before and after the training were 98.7 ± 13.69 and 104.57 ± 16.64 respectively. The 4‐week online MBSR training considerably increased the resilience of nursing interns. This can be an effective measure to maintain a balanced state among nursing interns and help them smoothly transition from school to clinical practice.No Patient or Public Contribution.
Factors associated with compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction in obstetrics and gynaecology nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Jia , Su Mei , Chang Wenzhong , Hu Yuchong , Ma Yujia , Tang Peijuan , Sun Jiaxin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsTo examine the factors influencing compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction in obstetrics and gynaecology nurses and to explore the combined results of multiple factors.DesignAn online cross‐sectional study was conducted.Review MethodsData were collected from 311 nurses using a convenience sampling method from January to February 2022. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis and mediation tests were performed.ResultsCompassion fatigue in obstetrics and gynaecology nurses was in the moderate to high levels. Physical status, number of children, emotional labour, lack of professional efficacy, emotional exhaustion and the none‐only‐child can influence compassion fatigue; lack of professional efficacy, cynicism, social support, work experience, employment status and night shift were predictive of compassion satisfaction. Social support partially mediated between lack of professional efficacy and compassion fatigue/compassion satisfaction; emotional labour moderated in the mediated analysis model.ConclusionModerate to high levels of compassion fatigue was present in 75.88% of obstetrics and gynaecology nurses. Some factors affect compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction. Thus, nursing managers should consider factors and construct a monitoring system to reduce compassion fatigue and improve compassion satisfaction.Implications for the ProfessionThe results will provide a theoretical basis for improving job satisfaction and the quality of care in obstetrics and gynaecology nurses. And this may raise concerns about the occupational health of obstetrics and gynaecology nurses in China.Reporting MethodThe study was reported according to the STROBE.Patient or Public ContributionThe nurses spent time filling out the questionnaires during the data collection phase and answered the questions sincerely.What does this article contribute to the wider global clinical community?

Obstetrics and gynaecology nurses with 4–16 years of experience are prone to experience compassion fatigue.

The effect of lack of professional efficacy on compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction can be improved by social support.

Relevance to Clinical PracticeReducing nurse compassion fatigue and improving compassion satisfaction are important for providing quality nursing care to obstetrics and gynaecology patients. In addition, clarifying the influencing factors of compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction can improve nurses' work efficiency and job satisfaction, and provide theoretical guidance for managers to implement interventions.