bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Drip‐and‐Ship Versus Mothership Delivery Models of Mechanical Thrombectomy Delivery
Authors: D'Anna Lucio , Dolkar Tsering , Vittay Orsolya , Dixon Luke , Foschi Matteo , Russo Michele , Levee Viva , Bentley Paul , Brown Zoe , Hall Charles , Halse Omid , Jamil Sohaa , Jenkins Harri , Kalladka Dheeraj , Kwan Joseph , Malik Abid , Patel Maneesh , Rane Neil , Roi Dylan , Singh Abhinav , Venter Marius , Taylor Eleanor , Lobotesis Kyriakos , Banerjee Soma ,   the Imperial Stroke Thrombectomy Investigators
Published: December 2022

Background
It remains uncertain whether the drip‐and‐ship (DS) strategy (transport to the nearest primary stroke centers) or the mothership (MS) model (direct transportation to the comprehensive stroke center) is the organizational stroke model associated with the best functional outcome in acute stroke patients with large vessel occlusion. In this study, we compared the periprocedural complications and outcomes at 90 days of acute stroke patients with large vessel occlusion of the anterior circulation directly admitted to our comprehensive stroke center compared to those referred from primary stroke centers treated with mechanical thrombectomy.

Methods
This is a single‐center prospective observational study where patients with DS and MS were compared regarding the disability at 90 days, as assessed by applying the modified Rankin scale, the rate of successful reperfusion, and the rate of immediate complications postprocedure.

Results

Of 579 patients, 216 (37.30%) were MS, and 363 (62.7%) were DS. There was no difference regarding the modified Rankin scale at 3 months between the MS (36.4%) and DS (39.3%) groups of patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy (
P
=0.362). There was no significant difference regarding the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at 24 hours, mortality at 90 days, and rate of successful recanalization postprocedure between the 2 groups. DS was associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (odds ratio, 5.414 [95% CI, 1.572–18.644];
P
=0.007).

Conclusion
Our single‐center study showed no difference in terms of functional independence between the DS and MS organizational paradigm. DS was associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.
Linkages between Potential Vorticity Streamer Activity and Tropical Cyclone Predictability on Subseasonal Time Scales
Authors: Papin Philippe P. , Reynolds Carolyn A. , Janiga Matthew A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Potential vorticity streamers (PVSs) are elongated filaments of high-PV air near the tropopause. In the warm season, anticyclonic Rossby wave breaking (AWB) produces enhanced PVS activity, which in turn modifies the equatorward tropical environment by enhancing vertical wind shear (VWS). This enhanced VWS can play an important role in suppressing nearby tropical cyclone (TC) activity. Given the important role that PVSs play in modifying their local environment, forecasts of PVS activity on subseasonal time scales may also influence forecasts of TC activity. This study uses Navy Earth System Prediction Capability (Navy ESPC) 45-day forecasts initialized during boreal summer 2009–15 to investigate subseasonal predictability of PVSs and TCs in the North Atlantic. PVSs are identified on the 350-K isentropic surface bounded by the 2 PV unit (PVU; 1 PVU = 10−6 K kg−1 m2 s−1) contour and defined as the high-PV trough axis downstream of the AWB axis. TCs are identified in the forecasts using the TempestExtremes detection algorithm that tracks warm-core lows. PVS and TC activity metrics that sum the number and intensity of events for a given time period are also computed. We first use skill scores and mean-state biases to determine the typical predictability of PVS activity, and then subselect high- and low-PVS-activity forecasts to determine how PVS forecast errors impact TC activity forecast errors. Results show that PVS activity can modulate TC activity at subseasonal time scales, with over-forecasted PVS activity corresponding to underestimated forecasts of TC activity and vice versa. This inverse correlation is consistent with enhanced VWS occurring equatorward of PVS troughs in the high-PVS forecasts.
Simulations of Severe Convective Systems Using 1- versus 3-km Grid Spacing
Authors: Weisman Morris L. , Manning Kevin W. , Sobash Ryan A. , Schwartz Craig S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Herein, 14 severe quasi-linear convective systems (QLCS) covering a wide range of geographical locations and environmental conditions are simulated for both 1- and 3-km horizontal grid resolutions, to further clarify their comparative capabilities in representing convective system features associated with severe weather production. Emphasis is placed on validating the simulated reflectivity structures, cold pool strength, mesoscale vortex characteristics, and surface wind strength. As to the overall reflectivity characteristics, the basic leading-line trailing stratiform structure was often better defined at 1 versus 3 km, but both resolutions were capable of producing bow echo and line echo wave pattern type features. Cold pool characteristics for both the 1- and 3-km simulations were also well replicated for the differing environments, with the 1-km cold pools slightly colder and often a bit larger. Both resolutions captured the larger mesoscale vortices, such as line-end or bookend vortices, but smaller, leading-line mesoscale updraft vortices, that often promote QLCS tornadogenesis, were largely absent in the 3-km simulations. Finally, while maximum surface winds were only marginally well predicted for both resolutions, the simulations were able to reasonably differentiate the relative contributions of the cold pool versus mesoscale vortices. The present results suggest that while many QLCS characteristics can be reasonably represented at a grid scale of 3 km, some of the more detailed structures, such as overall reflectivity characteristics and the smaller leading-line mesoscale vortices would likely benefit from the finer 1-km grid spacing.

Significance Statement
High-resolution model forecasts using 3-km grid spacing have proven to offer significant forecast guidance enhancements for severe convective weather. However, it is unclear whether additional enhancements can be obtained by decreasing grid spacings further to 1 km. Herein, we compare forecasts of severe quasi-linear convective systems (QLCS) simulated using 1- versus 3-km grids to document the potential value added of such increases in grid resolutions. It is shown that some significant improvements can be obtained in the representation of many QLCS features, especially as regards reflectivity structure and in the development of small, leading-line mesoscale vortices that can contribute to both severe surface wind and tornado production.
Successful Non-Operative Management of Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction: Is it Really a Success?
Authors: Terzian W. T. Hillman , Appelbaum Rachel D. , Raposo-Hadley Ashley , Tablazon Ingrid Lorese D. , Duy Lindsay A. N. , Chen Michael Y. , Dyer Raymond B. , Miller Preston R. , Mowery Nathan T. 
Published: December 2022

Background In adhesive small bowel obstructions (ASBOs), literature has shown that passage of a water-soluble contrast challenge at either 8 hours or 24 hours is predictive of successful non-operative management (NOM) for an ASBO, but the long-term outcomes between these two groups are unknown. We hypothesized that patients who require longer transit times to the colon have a higher one-year recidivism of ASBO. Methods This was a 4-year review of patients with presumed ASBO undergoing successful NOM. Those requiring operation or those with an SBO due to something other than adhesions were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups (8 hour and 24 hour) based on when contrast reached their right colon. Patients were followed for one year to determine ASBO recurrence. Results 137 patients underwent NOM; 112 in the 8-hour group and 25 in the 24-hour group. One-year recurrence rate was 21.4% in the 8-hour group and 40% in the 24-hour group ( P = 0.05). The median time to recurrence was 113 days in the 8-hour group and 13 days in the 24-hour group ( P = 0.02). Of those who recurred in the 24-hour group, 60% recurred within 30 days ( P = 0.01). On univariable analysis, first-time ASBO and 24-hour transit time were risk factors for recurrence. Conclusions Adhesive small bowel obstruction patients undergoing NOM in the 24-hour group had a recurrence rate nearly twice that of patients in the 8-hour group and may benefit from an operative exploration during the index hospitalization at the 8-hour mark of a water-soluble contrast challenge, especially if experiencing a first-time ASBO.
Extraction and characterization of novel natural lignocellulosic fibers from Malva sylvestris L.
Authors: Meddah Mostefa , Rokbi Mansour , Zaoui Moussa 
Published: December 2022

The main goal of this study is to characterize natural lignocellulosic fibers extracted from Malva Sylvestris. The experimental approach used is consisted to analyze the morphological, physical, chemical, thermal and mechanical characteristics of Malva sylvistris fibers. The stem anatomy showed that the bark of Malva is rich in fiber cells. Based on ATR-FTIR and X-ray analysis, the obtained results illustrated that the fiber contained mainly cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The crystallinity index of fiber is about 55.12 %, which indicated a high cellulose content. The Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis test point out that Malva Sylvestris fibers are thermally stable until 225°C and an apparent activation energy about of 111 kJ.mol−1 was recorded. Tensile strength of Malva fibers is about of 236.64 ± 93.33 MPa whilst its young’s modulus is about of 26.07 ± 5.14 GPa. In view of the dispersion in the obtained experimental results, the latter were analyzed using the Weibull statistical laws with two parameters.
Mechanical and acoustic properties of alkali treated agricultural waste reinforced sustainable polyurethane composites
Authors: Kocak Emine Dilara , Olcay Hilal , Yildiz Zehra 
Published: December 2022

In this research, polyurethane (PU) foam composites were prepared by using various agricultural waste (rice husk, corn silk, artichoke stem) particles. In order to enhance the compatibility and adhesion between the waste particle and PU matrix, alkali treatment was employed. The alkali treated particles were chemically and morphologically characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, cellulose determination instrument, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The effects of the alkali treatment on the structural, morphological, mechanical, and acoustic properties of the overall PU foam composites were all examined. Due to the differences in chemical compositions of the agricultural wastes, the alkali treatment affected the acoustic and mechanical properties of the PU foam composites in varying ratios. The PU foam composite reinforced with alkali treated artichoke stem waste particles showed the highest tensile strength value of 265 kPa, whereas the highest sound absorption value of 40.5% as an enhancement on the acoustic properties compared to the blank PU foam composite was recorded in corn silk waste particle loaded sample.
Consumer Disutility from Assorted Referrals in Diagnostics Services
Authors: Bag Dinabandhu 
Published: December 2022

This article highlights the moral hazard problem in credence goods offered in the market as referral services. Credence goods are purchased with trust that is not observed. This examines if a penalty framework by authorities or transparency in tariff can offset moral hazard costs. A simple service unit cost model and its application to consumer expenditure data suggests that expected disutility to consumers are minimized in the penalty framework. The findings differ in the way consumers respond to transparency in tariffs, and could continue to bear moral hazard cost, as long as such units are unregistered in nature. JEL Codes: O17, E26, D24, O3
Semen Parameters Changes in Adolescents With Clinical Varicocele after Magnified Subinguinal Varicocelectomy: A Prospective Controlled Study
Authors: Shebl Salah E. , Sabry Khaled 
Published: December 2022

Background: Previously, we highlighted the benefits of magnified subinguinal varicocelectomy over conservative treatment on the semen of a small group of adolescents with varicoceles. In this report, we presented changes of semen parameters of 47 adolescents who underwent magnified subinguinal varicocelectomy (MSV) and followed-up for 6 months. Methods: The present prospective controlled study was conducted on 47 adolescents with varicocele who underwent MSV and were followed up for 6 months. In addition, age and sex-matched patients were added as control group. The primary outcome of this study was to assess the postoperative change in semen analysis parameters. Results: A significant increase in sperm volume from 2.5 (1.9–3) to 3.2 (2.6–4) mL at the end of the sixth month of follow-up. Likewise, the sperm count increased from 10.8 (3.51–21.6) to 20.3 (9.6–35) million. Notably, the percentage of rapid and slow sperms increased significantly from a median of 5% (0%–10%) and 15% (10 -20%) to a median of 10% (5%–15%) and 17.5% (15%–25%), respectively. The percentage of sperm with progressive movement increased from 35% (30%–40%) to 59% (45%–69%). The vitality of the sperms increased significantly as well. While the percentage of sperms with abnormal morphology decreased significantly at the end of follow-up. Conclusion Our findings support the safety and efficacy of MSV in patients with clinically detectable varicocele. MSV has improved the semen parameters of the included patients, including sperm motility, volume, count, and total progressive motility, which may positively impact their fertility potential.
Perception of Brazilian and Portuguese students about health promotion in university environments
Authors: Catrib Ana M. F. , Sousa Isabelle C. , Abdon Ana P. V. , Carioca Antônio A. F. , Caldas José M. P. 
Published: December 2022

Objective: to compare different perceptions of Brazilian and Portuguese health students about health promotion in the university. Method: cross-sectional, descriptive analytical study that included 669 university students in the health courses of two universities, one Brazilian and the other Portuguese. The Instrument of Assessment for Health Promotion at University was used in both institutions and the comparisons were performed with the Chi-square test and odds ratio estimation. Results: there was a predominance of students aged up to 24 years (89.2%) and females (78.3%). In general, Portuguese university students have better perceptions of the physical activity, eating habits and psychosocial factors domains ( p < 0.001). Brazilian university students presented better perceptions in the domains of environmental factors and complementary and alternative therapies ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: the results show that Brazilian and Portuguese students have significant differences in their perception of aspects related to health promotion at university. It is concluded that the university environment is a promising field to carry out educational practices that promote health and that this context differs between countries.
Topographical Characterization of the Young, Healthy Human Femoral Medial Condyle
Authors: Salinas Evelia Y. , Otarola Gaston A. , Kwon Heenam , Wang Dean , Hu Jerry C. , Athanasiou Kyriacos A. 
Published: December 2022

Objective The medial femoral condyle of the knee exhibits some of the highest incidences of chondral degeneration. However, a dearth of healthy human tissues has rendered it difficult to ascertain whether cartilage in this compartment possesses properties that predispose it to injuries. Assessment of young, healthy tissue would be most representative of the tissue’s intrinsic properties. Design This work examined the topographical differences in tribological, tensile, and compressive properties of young (n = 5, 26.2 ± 5.6 years old), healthy, human medial femoral condyles, obtained from viable allograft specimens. Corresponding to clinical incidences of pathology, it was hypothesized that the lowest mechanical properties would be found in the posterior region of the medial condyle, and that tissue composition would correspond to the established structure-function relationships of cartilage. Results Young’s modulus, ultimate tensile strength, aggregate modulus, and shear modulus in the posterior region were 1.0-, 2.8-, 1.1-, and 1.0-fold less than the values in the anterior region, respectively. Surprisingly, although glycosaminoglycan content is thought to correlate with compressive properties, in this study, the aggregate and shear moduli correlated more robustly to the amount of pyridinoline crosslinks per collagen. Also, the coefficient of friction was anisotropic and ranged 0.22-0.26 throughout the condyle. Conclusion This work showed that the posteromedial condyle displays lower tensile and compressive properties, which correlate to collagen crosslinks and may play a role in this region’s predisposition to injuries. Furthermore, new structure-function relationships may need to be developed to account for the role of collagen crosslinks in compressive properties.
Enterprising Academics: Heterarchical Policy Networks for Artificial Intelligence in British Higher Education
Authors: Gellai Dániel Béla 
Published: December 2022

Purpose There is limited scholarship on artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education governance, despite the growing prevalence of AI-powered technologies in many fields, including education. However, as the technology is still nascent and has yet to reach its full potential, ideas and arguments abound, championing or cautioning against the use of these technologies. Design/Approach/Methods To fill this gap in research on policy networks and AI in British higher education, this article employs network ethnography and discourse analysis to study how ideas about AI-powered technologies in higher education circulate in policy networks in the United Kingdom. Findings The findings evidence a policy network showing signs of a heterarchy permeated by neoliberal rationales and populated by policy actors actively promoting artificial intelligence technologies to be used in education. Originality/Value This paper builds on existing research by looking at the university and not-for-profit sectors, in addition to the governmental and educational technology sectors. Using network ethnography, this article expands our understanding of the policy actors involved and critically analyzes ideas regarding the use of AI in education.
Normothermic Versus Hypothermic Norwood Procedure
Authors: Keizman Eitan , Mishaly David , Ram Eilon , Urtaev Soslan , Tejman-Yarden Shai , Tirosh Wagner Tal , Serraf Alain E 
Published: December 2022

Background Either deep hypothermia with circulatory arrest or hypothermic perfusion with antegrade selective cerebral perfusion is used during the Norwood procedure for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Normothermic perfusion has been described for pediatric patients. The aim of this study was to compare the early outcomes of patients undergoing the Norwood procedure with antegrade selective cerebral perfusion under hypothermia with the procedure under normothermia. Methods From 2005 to 2020, 117 consecutive patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome underwent the Norwood procedure: 68 (58.2%) under hypothermia and 49 (41.8%) under normothermia. Antegrade selective cerebral perfusion flow was adjusted to maintain right radial arterial pressure above 50 mm Hg, and a flow rate of 40 to 50 mL kg−1 min−1. Baseline characteristics, operative data, and postoperative outcomes including lactate recovery time were compared. Results The baseline characteristics and cardiovascular diagnosis were similar in both groups. The normothermic group had a significantly shorter bypass time (in minutes) of 90.31 (±31.60) versus 123.63 (±25.33), a cross-clamp time of 45.24 (±16.35) versus 81.93 (±16.34), and an antegrade selective cerebral perfusion time of 25.61 (±13.84) versus 47.30 (±14.35) ( P < .001). There were no statistically significant differences in the immediate postoperative course, or in terms of in-hospital mortality, which totaled 9 (18.4%) in the normothermic group, and 10 (14.9%) in the hypothermic group ( P = .81). Conclusion The normothermic Norwood procedure with selective cerebral perfusion is feasible and safe in terms of in-hospital mortality and short-term outcomes. It is comparable to the standard hypothermic Norwood with selective cerebral perfusion.
Occupation as a gendered-role and outcome in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Alkhamees Fatema , Hoi Yun Yu Oriana , Wang Mianbo , Hudson Marie 
Published: December 2022

Objective: Sex and gender are of growing scientific interest in disease onset and course. While sex differences have been shown to exist in systemic sclerosis, there is a paucity of data on gender. Our objective was to examine the association between occupation, a gender-related role and outcomes in systemic sclerosis. Methods: An occupation score ranging from 0 to 100, with lower scores representing occupations traditionally held by men and higher scores traditionally held by women, was constructed using the National Occupational Classification 2016 and data from Statistics Canada. Subjects in the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group registry were assigned an occupation score based on self-reported occupation. Multivariate models, adjusted for sex, age, smoking and education were used to estimate the independent effect of occupation score on systemic sclerosis outcomes. Results: We included 1104 subjects, of which 961 were females (87%) and 143 (13%) males. There were differences between females versus males: disease duration (9.9 vs 7.6 years, p = 0.002), diffuse disease (35% vs 54%, p < 0.001), interstitial lung disease (28% vs 37%, p = 0.021) and pulmonary hypertension (10% vs 4%, p = 0.033), but not pain, response to treatment and mortality. The median occupation scores differed between females and males (84.3 (interquartile range 56.8, 89.4) vs 24.9 (4.3, 54.1), p < 0.001). The Spearman correlation between sex and occupation score was 0.44, indicating a weak correlation. In adjusted analyses, occupation score was not an independent predictor of disease subset (diffuse vs limited), interstitial lung disease, pulmonary hypertension, pain, response to treatment or mortality. Conclusion: We did not find independent associations between an occupation score, a gender-related role and outcomes in systemic sclerosis. These results should be interpreted with caution as occupation may be a poor measure of gender. Future research using a validated measure of gender will be needed to generate robust data on the effect of gender in systemic sclerosis.