bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on treatment for mental health needs: a perspective on service use patterns and expenditures from commercial medical claims data
Authors: Li Ta-Hsin , Kamin Leah , George Judy , Saiz Fernando Suarez , Meyer Pablo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective
To examine changes in use patterns, cost of healthcare services before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, and their impacts on expenditures for patients receiving treatment for depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and substance use.

Methods
This cross-sectional study employed statistical tests to analyze claims in MarketScan® Commercial Database in March 2020-February 2021 and quarterly from March 2020 to August 2021, compared to respective pre-pandemic periods. The analysis is based on medical episodes created by the Merative™ Medical Episode Grouper (MEG). MEG is a methodology that groups medical and prescription drug claims to create clinically relevant episodes of care.

Results
Comparing year-over-year changes, proportion of patients receiving anxiety treatment among all individuals obtaining healthcare services grew 13.7% in the first year of the pandemic (3/2020–2/2021) versus 10.0% in the year before the pandemic (3/2019–2/2020). This, along with a higher growth in price per episode (5.5% versus 4.3%) resulted in a greater increase in per claimant expenditure ($0.61 versus $0.41 per month). In the same periods, proportion of patients receiving treatment for depression grew 3.7% versus 6.9%, but per claimant expenditure grew by same amount due to an increase in price per episode (4.8%). Proportion of patients receiving treatment for anorexia started to increase 21.1% or more in the fall of 2020. Patient proportion of alcohol use in age group 18–34 decreased 17.9% during the pandemic but price per episode increased 26.3%. Patient proportion of opioid use increased 11.5% in March–May 2020 but decreased or had no significant changes in subsequent periods.

Conclusions
We investigated the changes in use patterns and expenditures of mental health patients before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic using claims data in MarketScan®. We found that the changes and their financial impacts vary across mental health conditions, age groups, and periods of the pandemic. Some changes are unexpected from previously reported prevalence increases among the general population and could underlie unmet treatment needs. Therefore, mental health providers should anticipate the use pattern changes in services with similar COVID-19 pandemic disruptions and payers should anticipate cost increases due, in part, to increased price and/or service use.
Recent advances and applications of CRISPR-Cas9 in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Zaoqu , Shi Meixin , Ren Yuqing , Xu Hui , Weng Siyuan , Ning Wenjing , Ge Xiaoyong , Liu Long , Guo Chunguang , Duo Mengjie , Li Lifeng , Li Jing , Han Xinwei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe incidence and mortality of cancer are the major health issue worldwide. Apart from the treatments developed to date, the unsatisfactory therapeutic effects of cancers have not been addressed by broadening the toolbox. The advent of immunotherapy has ushered in a new era in the treatments of solid tumors, but remains limited and requires breaking adverse effects. Meanwhile, the development of advanced technologies can be further boosted by gene analysis and manipulation at the molecular level. The advent of cutting-edge genome editing technology, especially clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR-Cas9), has demonstrated its potential to break the limits of immunotherapy in cancers. In this review, the mechanism of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing and a powerful CRISPR toolbox are introduced. Furthermore, we focus on reviewing the impact of CRISPR-induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) on cancer immunotherapy (knockout or knockin). Finally, we discuss the CRISPR-Cas9-based genome-wide screening for target identification, emphasis the potential of spatial CRISPR genomics, and present the comprehensive application and challenges in basic research, translational medicine and clinics of CRISPR-Cas9.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban particle matter exacerbate movement disorder after ischemic stroke via potentiation of neuroinflammation
Authors: Tanaka Miki , Okuda Tomoaki , Itoh Kouichi , Ishihara Nami , Oguro Ami , Fujii-Kuriyama Yoshiaki , Nabetani Yu , Yamamoto Megumi , Vogel Christoph F. A. , Ishihara Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
A recent epidemiological study showed that air pollution is closely involved in the prognosis of ischemic stroke. We and others have reported that microglial activation in ischemic stroke plays an important role in neuronal damage. In this study, we investigated the effects of urban aerosol exposure on neuroinflammation and the prognosis of ischemic stroke using a mouse photothrombotic model.

Results
When mice were intranasally exposed to CRM28, urban aerosols collected in Beijing, China, for 7 days, microglial activation was observed in the olfactory bulb and cerebral cortex. Mice exposed to CRM28 showed increased microglial activity and exacerbation of movement disorder after ischemic stroke induction. Administration of core particles stripped of attached chemicals from CRM28 by washing showed less microglial activation and suppression of movement disorder compared with CRM28-treated groups. CRM28 exposure did not affect the prognosis of ischemic stroke in null mice for aryl hydrocarbon receptor, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) receptor. Exposure to PM2.5 collected at Yokohama, Japan also exacerbated movement disorder after ischemic stroke.

Conclusion
Particle matter in the air is involved in neuroinflammation and aggravation of the prognosis of ischemic stroke; furthermore, PAHs in the particle matter could be responsible for the prognosis exacerbation.
Early activation of Toll-like receptor-3 reduces the pathological progression of Alzheimer’s disease in APP/PS1 mouse
Authors: Wang Shang , Zhu Taiyang , Ni Wanyan , Zhou Chao , Zhou Hui , Lin Li , Hu Yuting , Sun Xiaoyu , Han Jingjing , Zhou Yan , Jin Guoliang , Zu Jie , Shi Hongjuan , Yang Xingxing , Zhang Zuohui , Hua Fang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) plays an important role in the immune/inflammatory response in the nervous system and is a main pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study investigates the role of early activation of TLR3 in the pathophysiological process of AD.

Methods
In the experiment, the agonist of TLR3, Poly(I:C), was intraperitoneally injected into the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD and wild-type control mice starting from the age of 4 to 9 months. At the age of 14 months, behavioral tests were conducted. Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining were used to evaluate the level of amyloid β-protein (Aβ), the activation of inflammatory cells, and neuron loss. In addition, the levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results
The results demonstrated that the early activation of TLR3 attenuated neuronal loss and neurobehavioral dysfunction. Moreover, the early activation of TLR3 reduced Aβ deposition, inhibited the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and decreased the transcription of pro-inflammatory factors in the hippocampus.

Conclusions
The results indicated that the activation of TLR3 by Poly (I:C) in the early stage of development of AD in a mouse model attenuated neuron loss and improved neurobehavioral functions. The underlying mechanisms could be attributed to its role in Aβ clearance, the inhibition of glial cells, and the regulation of neuroinflammation in the hippocampus.
The impact of digital financial inclusion on household carbon emissions: evidence from China
Authors: Zhou Yu , Zhang Caijiang , Li Zhangwen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe role of digital financial inclusion in economic development has been widely appreciated, and its carbon emission mitigating effect on the household sector needs to be noticed. This study investigates the impact of digital financial inclusion on household carbon emissions based on panel data for 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2020. The results show that digital financial inclusion has a significant and robust mitigation effect on household carbon emissions and that digital financial inclusion impacts mainly from the breadth of coverage and the degree of digitization. The heterogeneity test results show that this mitigation effect is mainly found in the central and western inland regions as well as in the northern regions with high winter heating demand. In addition, this mitigation effect is mainly found in urban rather than rural areas. The results of the mechanism analysis show that digital financial inclusion reduces household carbon emissions through two pathways, electricity consumption and natural gas consumption share, and no significant mediating effect is observed for residential consumption share. The results of this study shed light on the relationship between digital financial inclusion and carbon emissions in the household sector and provide a reference for decision-making to address household carbon emission mitigation in China.
Proteome network analysis of skeletal muscle in lignan-enriched nutmeg extract-fed aged mice
Authors: Lee Je-Ho , Kang Hyuno , Ban Gyung-Tae , Kim Beom Kyu , Lee JaeHyeon , Hwang Heeyoun , Yoo Hwa-Seung , Cho Kun , Choi Jong-Soon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSarcopenia, characterized by reduced muscle mass and fiber number leading to muscular atrophy, has been associated with serious socioeconomic challenges among the elderly in developed countries. Therefore, preventing sarcopenia could be a promising strategy for achieving a healthy aging society. Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) has been used as a spice to increase flavor and prevent putrefaction of food. Nutmeg contains various bioactive components that improve muscle activity. To determine the potential effect of lignan-enriched nutmeg extract (LNX) on sarcopenia, LNX (100 mg/kg body weight)-fed aged mice were subjected to forced exercise. Herein, aged (22-month-old) mice fed LNX for three weeks exhibited a shortened and thickened soleus muscle. The ratio of the soleus muscle mass (%) to body weight was significantly increased in LNX-fed aged mice. The relative increase in muscle mass in LNX-fed aged mice improved exercise activities, including rotarod, swimming, and grip strength test results. Proteome profiles of the soleus muscle of LNX-fed mice were used to analyze protein–protein interaction network. Several myosin heavy chain isoforms were found to interact with actin, ACTA1, which functions as a hub protein. Furthermore, the expression of myogenic proteins, such as MYH1, MYH4, and ACTA1, was dose-dependently increased in vivo. In result, our functional proteomic analysis revealed that feeding LNX restored muscle proteins in aged mice.
Paleomagnetic constraint of the age and duration of the Taupō Eruption, New Zealand
Authors: Hasegawa Takeshi , Greve Annika , Gravley Darren M. , Kusu Chie , Kaneda Yasuaki , Shibata Shohei , Okada Makoto , Kósik Szabolcs , Mochizuki Nobutatsu , Turner Gillian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe have carried out paleomagnetic analyses of tephras from the Taupō eruption, one of the most violent eruptions on Earth in the past 5000 years. Pyroclastic deposits were collected with 7 cm3 cubes pushed into each unit of the Taupō eruption sequence, consisting of airfall units and overlying ignimbrite. Where possible, we targeted fine-ash layers and matrix, as lapilli sized material can significantly affect the quality of the analysis. The samples were oriented using a collection device specially designed to maximize accuracy. All samples were subjected to alternating field demagnetization, while samples from Taupō ignimbrite (Y7)—the only unit deposited hot were also subjected to thermal demagnetization. The characteristic remanent magnetizations (ChRMs) for specimens from unit Y1, the lower and upper parts of unit Y4, and unit Y7 are well determined (α95 < 3.3°). The declinations and inclinations of site-mean ChRMs range from 3.0° to 7.1° and − 53.4° to − 56.2°, respectively, in close agreement with published results from lithic fragments of the Taupō ignimbrite (Y7). The mean ChRM of unit Y3 does not fit within 95% confidence limits of the ChRM of other units. We presume this is a consequence of unit Y3 samples containing relatively coarse grains and of probable secondary process of the deposit. This outlier aside, our results show consistency between thermoremanent magnetizations of ignimbrite and detrital remanences of co-eval ashfalls, thus validating our method for further tephra research. Both geological observations and paleomagnetic estimation using angular difference suggest that the duration of the Taupō eruption sequence was less than a few tens of years. Furthermore, matching the overall mean ChRM direction (Dec = 4.3°, Inc = − 55.3°, α95 = 1.3°, N = 38 specimens) to the New Zealand paleosecular variation record using the MATLAB dating tool, most likely supports a younger age (ca. 310 CE) than the reported wiggle match eruption age of 232 ± 10 CE.
Graphical Abstract
Autoimmune encephalitis: an observational study from South India
Authors: Ramesh Rithvik , Hazeena Philo , Shanmugam Sundar , Venkatasubramanian Shankar , Perumal Santhosh , Shankar Vijaya , Radhakrishna Pedapati 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundEver since AE was acknowledged as a potentially treatable cause of encephalitis, it has been increasingly recognised worldwide. Data suggests that these disorders are under-recognized, which calls for an increased awareness of the varying clinical, laboratory, electrophysiological and radiological presentations of the different types of autoimmune encephalitis. This cross-sectional observational study included all patients diagnosed with AE, who presented to a tertiary care centre from June 2016 to January 2021. Data were collected including patient’s demography, clinical, laboratory, radiological and electrophysiology studies, management and outcomes.Results31 study participants were included, of which 13 patients were anti-NMDA antibody positive, 12 patients were anti-LGI1 antibody positive, 2 patients were anti-CASPR2 antibody positive, 2 were positive for dual positive status (anti-LGi1 and anti-CASPR2), and one each for anti-GABA-B and anti-GAD 65. There was a marginal male predilection with overall seizures being the most common symptom (68%) followed by behavioural disturbance (64.5%), and impairment of consciousness (32.3%). Patients with Anti-NMDA encephalitis were likely to be young females, with CSF pleocytosis, a more protracted hospital course with more chances of relapse and residual disease, while the patients with anti-Lgi1 encephalitis were likely to be older males with a shorter, less severe hospital course.ConclusionThe present study detailed the demographic, clinical, imaging, laboratory and EEG characteristics of 31 AE patients from a tertiary centre. The findings concurred with the literature and demonstrate the diverse spectrum of clinical manifestations of patients with AE, present with.
Safety of sheathless vascular access using braided 4 F selective catheters for common body interventions – a retrospective study
Authors: Nadjiri Jonathan , Geith Tobias , Mühlmann Marc , Waggershauser Tobias , Paprottka Philipp M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Besides other factors, complication rate of transarterial interventions depends on the size of the vascular access. Therefore, the vascular access is mostly chosen as small as possible while still allowing all planned parts of the intervention.
This retrospective analysis is to evaluate the safety and feasibility of sheathless arterial interventions for a broad spectrum of interventions in daily practice.

Methods
All sheathless interventions using a 4 F main catheter between May 2018 and September 2021 were included in the evaluation. Additionally, intervention parameters such as type of catheter, use of microcatheter and required change of main catheters were assessed. Information about the use about sheathless approach and catheters were obtained from the material registration system. All catheters were braided.

Results
503 sheathless interventions with 4 F catheters from the groin were documented. The spectrum comprised bleeding embolization, diagnostic angiographies, arterial DOTA-TATE-therapy, uterine fibroid embolization, transarterial chemotherapy, transarterial radioembolization and others. In 31 cases (6 %) a change of the main catheter was required. In 381 cases (76 %) a microcatheter was utilized. No clinically relevant adverse events were observed (grade 2 or higher [CIRSE AE-classification]). None of the cases later required conversion to a sheath-based intervention.

Conclusions
Sheathless interventions with a 4 F braided catheter from the groin are safe and feasible. It allows for a broad spectrum of interventions in daily practice.
Tailoring dissemination strategies to increase evidence-informed policymaking for opioid use disorder treatment: study protocol
Authors: Crable Erika L. , Grogan Colleen M. , Purtle Jonathan , Roesch Scott C. , Aarons Gregory A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Policy is a powerful tool for systematically altering healthcare access and quality, but the research to policy gap impedes translating evidence-based practices into public policy and limits widespread improvements in service and population health outcomes. The US opioid epidemic disproportionately impacts Medicaid members who rely on publicly funded benefits to access evidence-based treatment including medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). A myriad of misaligned policies and evidence-use behaviors by policymakers across federal agencies, state Medicaid agencies, and managed care organizations limit coverage of and access to MOUD for Medicaid members. Dissemination strategies that improve policymakers’ use of current evidence are critical to improving MOUD benefits and reducing health disparities. However, no research describes key determinants of Medicaid policymakers’ evidence use behaviors or preferences, and few studies have examined data-driven approaches to developing dissemination strategies to enhance evidence-informed policymaking. This study aims to identify determinants and intermediaries that influence policymakers’ evidence use behaviors, then develop and test data-driven tailored dissemination strategies that promote MOUD coverage in benefit arrays.

Methods
Guided by the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment (EPIS) framework, we will conduct a national survey of state Medicaid agency and managed care organization policymakers to identify determinants and intermediaries that influence how they seek, receive, and use research in their decision-making processes. We will use latent class methods to empirically identify subgroups of agencies with distinct evidence use behaviors. A 10-step dissemination strategy development and specification process will be used to tailor strategies to significant predictors identified for each latent class. Tailored dissemination strategies will be deployed to each class of policymakers and assessed for their acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility for delivering evidence about MOUD benefit design.

Discussion
This study will illuminate key determinants and intermediaries that influence policymakers’ evidence use behaviors when designing benefits for MOUD. This study will produce a critically needed set of data-driven, tailored policy dissemination strategies. Study results will inform a subsequent multi-site trial measuring the effectiveness of tailored dissemination strategies on MOUD benefit design and implementation. Lessons from dissemination strategy development will inform future research about policymakers’ evidence use preferences and offer a replicable process for tailoring dissemination strategies.
Turning parameters optimization for TC21 Ti-alloy using Taguchi technique
Authors: Sobh Arafa Soliman , Sayed Esraa M. , Barakat Azza F. , Elshaer Ramadan N. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The development of materials fabrication is an important trend in materials engineering. TC21 Ti-alloy is one of these materials’ trends. Investigations of different characteristics of TC21 Ti-alloy such as weldability, formability, and machinability will consume a large number of specimens. This work aims to study the machinability characteristics of TC21 Ti-alloy. The minimum number of experimental trials and optimal cutting conditions will be obtained by applying the orthogonal array (OA) L9 Taguchi technique. To achieve this aim, experimental work will be conducted under three varying cutting parameters, each one of them with three levels: cutting speeds (V) of 80, 100, and 120 m/min, feed rates (f) of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 mm/rev, and cutting depth (a) of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mm.

Results
The results revealed that the cutting depth and cutting speed with percentages contribution of 40.8% and 48.6%, respectively, are the most significant parameters of surface roughness and wear of the tool insert. However, the least significant parameters are cutting speed and feed rate with percentages contribution of 20.2% and 2.3%, respectively.

Conclusions
Minimum surface roughness at V = 80 m/min, f = 0.10 mm/rev, and a = 0.4 mm is 0.16 µm, and maximum surface roughness at V = 80 m/min, f = 0.15 mm/rev, and a = 0.6 mm is 0.72 µm. Minimum tool wear at V = 100 m/min, f = 0.15 mm/rev, and a = 0.2 is 187.770 µm, and the maximum tool wear at V = 80 m/min, f = 0.10 mm/rev, and a = 0.4 mm is 274.896 µm.
Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and validity of the Impact of Events Scale – Revised in primary care in Zimbabwe, a non-war-affected African country
Authors: Abas Melanie A. , Müller Monika , Gibson Lorna J. , Derveeuw Sarah , Dissanayake Nirosha , Smith Patrick , Verhey Ruth , Danese Andrea , Chibanda Dixon 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundA critical step in research on the epidemiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in low-resource settings is the validation of brief self-reported psychometric tools available in the public domain, such as the Impact Event Scale – Revised (IES-R).AimsWe aimed to investigate the validity of the IES-R in a primary healthcare setting in Harare, Zimbabwe.MethodWe analysed data from a survey of 264 consecutively sampled adults (mean age 38 years; 78% female). We estimated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios for different cut-off points of the IES-R, against a diagnosis of PTSD made using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. We performed factor analysis to evaluate construct validity of the IES-R.ResultsThe prevalence of PTSD was 23.9% (95% CI 18.9–29.5). The area under the curve for the IES-R was 0.90. At a cut-off of ≥47, the sensitivity of the IES-R to detect PTSD was 84.1 (95% CI 72.7–92.1) and specificity was 81.1 (95% CI 75.0–86.3). Positive and negative likelihood ratios were 4.45 and 0.20, respectively. Factor analysis revealed a two-factor solution, with both factors showing good internal consistency (Cronbach's factor-1α= 0.95, factor-2α= 0.76). In apost hocanalysis, we found the brief six-item IES-6 also performed well, with an area under the curve of 0.87 and optimal cut-off of 15.ConclusionsThe IES-R and IES-6 had good psychometric properties and performed well for indicating possible PTSD, but at higher cut-off points than those recommended in the Global North.