bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding and governing global systemic crises in the 21st century: A complexity perspective
Authors: Wernli Didier , Böttcher Lucas , Vanackere Flore , Kaspiarovich Yuliya , Masood Maria , Levrat Nicolas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe growing interconnections among societies have facilitated the emergence of systemic crises, i.e., shocks that rapidly spread around the world and cause major disruptions. Advances in the interdisciplinary field of complexity can help understand the mechanisms underpinning systemic crises. This article reviews the most important concepts and findings from the pertinent literature. It demonstrates that an understanding of the nature of disruptions of globally interconnected systems and their implications is critical to prevent, react to, and recover from systemic crises. The resulting analytical framework is applied to two prominent examples of global systemic crises: the 2008 global financial crisis and the COVID‐19 pandemic. The article provides evidence that relying on reactive and recovery capacities to face systemic crises is not sustainable because of the extraordinary costs they impose on societies. Efforts are needed to develop a multipronged strategy to strengthen our capacities to face systemic crises and address fundamental mismatches between the nature of global challenges and the necessary collective action to address these challenges.
Effect of perioperative aspirin continuation on bleeding after pneumonectomy
Authors: Chen Qirui , Liu Yan , Liu Yi , Ji Ying , Ye Xin , Li Xin , Fu Yili , Miao Jinbai , Hou Shengcai , Hu Bin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the effect of continuous oral aspirin in perioperative period on bleeding in pneumonectomy.MethodsA total of 170 patients who underwent pneumonectomy in our hospital from March 2021 to March 2022 were selected as the study objects. All patients took oral aspirin before surgery and did not take other antiplatelet agent or anticoagulants at the same time. The continuation group included 85 cases and continued to take aspirin 100 mg/day during the perioperative period, and the interruption group included 85 cases who stopped aspirin for 7 days before surgery and 3 days after surgery, without bridging therapy. The intraoperative blood loss, operation time, conversion to thoracotomy rate, postoperative bleeding rate, blood transfusion rate, thrombotic events, postoperative drainage volume, length of hospital stay, and total hospital cost of the two groups were compared.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in intraoperative blood loss, operative time, rate of conversion to open, postoperative drainage, hospital stay, and cost between the two groups (p > 0.05), and there were no reoperations due to bleeding between the two groups.ConclusionsAspirin should be continued throughout the perioperative period in all high‐risk patients requiring pneumonectomy after balancing ischemic‐bleeding risks.
An unusual ‘speckled’ puff adder Bitis arietans (Reptilia: Squamata) from central South Africa
Authors: Bates Michael F. , Stobie Cora S. , Hastings Jade 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA young female puff adder (Bitis arietans) with an unusual ‘speckled’ colour pattern was recently found in Bloemfontein, central South Africa. The snake was grey‐brown dorsally with numerous scattered dark markings and very occasional pale flecks, but it lacked the backwards‐pointing, dark‐edged, pale chevrons that characterise this common, widespread and highly venomous species. It also lacked any stripes or bands, but the head was lightly patterned. Although various rare colour morphs have been reported for this species, this is the first record of a puff adder with a ‘speckled’ dorsal pattern.
Pregnancy‐associated gynecological cancer in New South Wales, Australia 1994–2013: A population‐based historical cohort study
Authors: Fotheringham Penelope , Safi Nadom , Li Zhouyang , Anazodo Antoinette , Remond Marc , Hayen Andrew , Currow David , Roder David , Hamad Nada , Nicholl Michael , Gordon Adrienne , Frawley Jane , Sullivan Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionPregnancy‐associated gynecological cancer (PAGC) refers to cancers of the ovary, uterus, fallopian tube, cervix, vagina, and vulva diagnosed during pregnancy or within 12 months postpartum. We aimed to describe the incidence of, and perinatal outcomes associated with, invasive pregnancy‐associated gynecological cancer.Material and methodsWe conducted a population‐based historical cohort study using linked data from New South Wales, Australia. We included all women who gave birth between 1994 and 2013, with a follow‐up period extending to September 30, 2018. Three groups were analyzed: a gestational PAGC group (women diagnosed during pregnancy), a postpartum PAGC group (women diagnosed within 1 year of giving birth), and a control group (women with control diagnosis during pregnancy or within 1 year of giving birth). We used generalized estimation equations to compare perinatal outcomes between study groups.ResultsThere were 1 786 137 deliveries during the study period; 70 women were diagnosed with gestational PAGC and 191 with postpartum PAGC. The incidence of PAGC was 14.6/100 000 deliveries and did not change during the study period. Women with gestational PAGC (adjusted odds ratio [aAOR] 6.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.97–15.62) and with postpartum PAGC (aOR 2.65, 95% CI 1.25–5.61) had significantly increased odds of a severe maternal morbidity outcome compared with the control group. Babies born to women with gestational PAGC were more likely to be born preterm (aOR 3.11, 95% CI 1.47–6.59) and were at increased odds of severe neonatal complications (aOR 3.47, 95% CI 1.45–8.31) compared with babies born to women without PAC.ConclusionsThe incidence of PAGC has not increased over time perhaps reflecting, in part, the effectiveness of cervical screening and early impacts of human papillomavirus vaccination programs in Australia. The higher rate of preterm birth among the gestational PAGC group is associated with adverse outcomes in babies born to these women.
Variable effects of long‐term livestock grazing across the western United States suggest diverse approaches are needed to meet global change challenges
Authors: Copeland Stella M. , Hoover David L. , Augustine David J. , Bates Jonathan D. , Boyd Chad S. , Davies Kirk W. , Derner Justin D. , Duniway Michael C. , Porensky Lauren M. , Vermeire Lance T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsLivestock production is the most widespread land use globally and occurs across a diverse set of ecosystems. Variability in long‐term livestock grazing impacts across ecosystems is poorly characterized, particularly at larger spatial scales, despite strong relationships with various ecosystem services related to soil fertility and stabilization and vegetation productivity. Here we examine the effects of grazing on vegetation and the implications for resistance and resilience to global change.MethodsWe use six long‐term research stations in the western United States, spanning two ecoregions, multiple ecosystems, and 311 total site‐years of research. Across these sites we evaluate convergence and divergence of vegetation response to grazing vs grazing removal, focusing on interactions with drivers of global change.ResultsWe found that at long time scales (multiple decades), grazing has numerous convergent and divergent effects across ecoregions and ecosystems. Similarity among precipitation patterns and plant traits linked to grazing and production timing were key elements explaining convergence or divergence in long‐term patterns of livestock grazing response. Ecosystem differences across western US rangelands are also associated with variable effects of grazing on resistance and resilience to invasive species and climate change.ConclusionsThese results suggest that unique ecosystem or ecoregion responses to future global change may result from complex interactions between grazing and environmental factors, such as precipitation timing and plant traits. Adapting livestock and grazing management to specific ecosystem vegetation and climate variability is needed to manage for the myriad global changes affecting rangeland production and diversity.
Comparing self‐reported quality of life in youth with bipolar versus other disorders
Authors: McGinty Kayla R. , Janos Jessica , Seay Julia , Youngstrom Jennifer K. , Findling Robert L. , Youngstrom Eric A. , Freeman Andrew J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study benchmarks quality of life (QoL) of youth with bipolar disorder (BD) against healthy youth, youth with chronic medical conditions, and youth with other psychiatric disorders. The relative impacts of depressive, (hypo)manic, mixed, and externalizing symptoms on QoL are tested for youth with BD.MethodIn total, 657 youth completed the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for Children (KSADS), the KSADS depression and mania scales, the Parent General Behavior Inventory (PGBI), and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Youth‐reported QoL was determined by the Revised Children Quality of Life Questionnaire (KINDL) and was compared to healthy youth, youth with chronic medical conditions, and youth with other psychiatric disorders.ResultsYouth with BD reported poorer QoL overall and on most subscales compared to healthy youth, youth with chronic medical conditions, youth with behavior disorders, and youth with other non‐behavior/non‐mood disorders. QoL in youth with BD did not differ significantly from QoL in youth with unipolar depression. Parent‐report and interview‐rated depressive symptoms were associated with decreases in Total QoL and all QoL subscales except Family. Externalizing symptoms were associated with decreases in Family QoL and increases in Friend QoL, and (hypo)manic symptoms were associated with increases in Emotional Well‐Being QoL.ConclusionsDepressive symptoms may drive the decline in QoL causing youth with BD to rate their QoL worse than healthy youth, youth with chronic medical conditions, and youth with behavior disorders, but not worse than youth with unipolar depression.
The ethics of bioethics conferencing in Qatar
Authors: Jecker Nancy S. , Ravitsky Vardit 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn 2022, the International Association of Bioethics (IAB) announced that the 17th World Congress of Bioethics would be held in Doha, Qatar. In response to ethical concerns expressed about the Qatar selection, the IAB Board of Directors developed and posted to the IAB website a response using a Q&A format. In this Letter, we (the IAB President and Vice President) address concerns about the ethics of bioethics conferencing raised in a 2023 Letter to the Editor of Bioethics by Van der Graaf et al. We do not represent the Board of Directors, and this Letter expresses solely our own views.
How I treat refractory/relapsed diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas with CD19‐directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells
Authors: Nagler Arnon , Perriello Vincenzo Maria , Falini Lorenza , Falini Brunangelo 
Published: March 2023

SummaryChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting CD19 represent a promising salvage immunotherapy for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL), offering ~40% of long‐term responses. In everyday clinical practice, haematologists involved in CAR T cell treatment of patients with R/R DLBCL have to deal with diagnostically complex cases and difficult therapeutic choices. The availability of novel immunotherapeutic agents for R/R DLBCL and recent advances in understanding CAR T‐cell failure mechanisms demand a rational approach to identify the best choice for bridging therapy and managing post‐CAR T‐cell therapy relapses. Moreover, positron emission tomography/computerised tomography may result in false‐positive interpretation, highlighting the importance of post‐treatment biopsy. In this review, we discuss all above issues, presenting four instructive cases, with the aim to provide criteria and new perspectives for CAR T‐cell treatment of DLBCL.
Accessory spleens recapitulate the immune microenvironment of the main spleen in immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Pizzi Marco , Vianello Fabrizio , Lorenzi Luisa , Binotto Gianni , Sbaraglia Marta , Scarmozzino Federico , De Crescenzo Andrea , Guzzardo Vincenza , Zoletto Simone , d'Amore Fabio , Friziero Alberto , D'Adda Mariella , Facchetti Fabio , Dei Tos Angelo Paolo 
Published: March 2023

SummaryAccessory spleens (AcS) may play a relevant role in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and possibly contribute to ITP relapse following splenectomy. Little is known about the immune microenvironment of AcS in ITP. To address this issue, we compared the histological features of eight matched AcS and main spleen (MS) samples, obtained from adult patients with primary ITP. AcS and MS had overlapping immune architectural features and lymphoid composition, suggesting that similar immunologic events occur in AcS and MS of ITP. These findings may have implications for the potential mechanisms of AcS‐mediated ITP relapse. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and to dissect spleen immunity in ITP.
Bone marrow adipocytes induce cancer‐associated fibroblasts and immune evasion, enhancing invasion and drug resistance
Authors: Sato Shinya , Hiruma Toru , Koizumi Mitsuyuki , Yoshihara Mitsuyo , Nakamura Yoshiyasu , Tadokoro Hiroko , Motomatsu Sadako , Yamanaka Takashi , Washimi Kota , Okubo Yoichiro , Yoshioka Emi , Kasajima Rika , Yamashita Toshinari , Kishida Takeshi , Yokose Tomoyuki , Miyagi Yohei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBone metastasis occurs frequently in cancer patients. Conventional therapies have limited therapeutic outcomes, and thus, exploring the mechanisms of cancer progression in bone metastasis is important to develop new effective therapies. In the bone microenvironment, adipocytes are the major stromal cells that interact with cancer cells during bone metastasis. However, the comprehensive functions of bone marrow adipocytes in cancer progression are not yet fully understood. To address this, we investigated the role of bone marrow adipocytes on cancer cells, by focusing on an invasive front that reflects the direct effects of stromal cells on cancer. In comprehensive histopathological and genetic analysis using bone metastasis specimens, we examined invasive fronts in bone metastasis and compared invasive fronts with adipocyte‐rich bone marrow (adipo‐BM) to those with hematopoietic cell‐rich bone marrow (hemato‐BM) as a normal counterpart of adipocytes. We found morphological complexity of the invasive front with adipo‐BM was significantly higher than that with hemato‐BM. Based on immunohistochemistry, the invasive front with adipo‐BM comparatively had a significantly increased cancer‐associated fibroblast (CAF) marker‐positive area and lower density of CD8+lymphocytes compared to that with hemato‐BM. RNA sequencing analysis of primary and bone metastasis cancer revealed that bone metastasized cancer cells acquired drug resistance‐related gene expression phenotypes. Clearly, these findings indicate that bone marrow adipocytes provide a favorable tumor microenvironment for cancer invasion and therapeutic resistance of bone metastasized cancers through CAF induction and immune evasion, providing a potential target for the treatment of bone metastasis.
Regulatory T cells promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury by alleviating microglia inflammation via STAT3 inhibition
Authors: Liu Rui , Li Ying , Wang Ziyue , Chen Peng , Xie Yi , Qu Wensheng , Wang Minghuan , Yu Zhiyuan , Luo Xiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundImmediately after spinal trauma, immune cells, and proinflammatory cytokines infiltrate the spinal cord and disrupt the focal microenvironment, which impedes axon regeneration and functional recovery. Previous studies have reported that regulatory T cells (Tregs) enter the central nervous system and exert immunosuppressive effects on microglia during multiple sclerosis and stroke. However, whether and how Tregs interact with microglia and modulate injured microenvironments after spinal cord injury (SCI) remains unknown.MethodRegulatory T cells spatiotemporal characteristics were analyzed in a mouse contusion SCI model. Microglia activation status was evaluated by immunostaining and RNA sequencing. Cytokine production in injured spinal cord was examined using Luminex. The role of STAT3 in Treg–microglia crosstalk was investigated in a transwell system with isolated Tregs and primary microglia.ResultsRegulatory T cells infiltration of the spinal cord peaked on day 7 after SCI. Treg depletion promoted microglia switch to a proinflammatory phenotype. Inflammation‐related genes, such as ApoD, as well as downstream cytokines IL‐6 and TNF‐α were upregulated in microglia in Treg‐depleted mice. STAT3 inhibition was involved in Treg–microglia crosstalk, and STAT3 chemical blockade improved function recovery in Treg‐depleted mice.ConclusionOur results suggest that Tregs promote functional recovery after SCI by alleviating microglia inflammatory reaction via STAT3.
Protein arginine methyltransferase 8 regulates ferroptosis and macrophage polarization in spinal cord injury via glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor
Authors: Zou Zehua , Liu Ruixuan , Wang Yiwen , Tan Hongjian , An Gang , Zhang Baifeng , Wang Yongzhi , Dong Daming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the influence of protein arginine methyltransferase 8 (PRMT8) regulating glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on neuron ferroptosis and macrophage polarization in spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsA rat model of SCI was established through an injury induced by an external force. Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan score, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunofluorescence were used, respectively, to detect changes in rat locomotion, spinal cord histopathology, and NeuN expression in the spinal cord. Iron content in the spinal cord and levels of malondialdehyde and glutathione were measured using detection kits. Transmission electron microscopy was used to reveal the morphological characteristics of mitochondria. Western blotting was performed to detect PRMT8, GDNF, cystine/glutamate transporter XCT, glutathione peroxidase 4, 4‐hydroxynonenal, heme oxygenase‐1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), CD16, and arginase 1 (Arg1). The expression levels of iNOS and Arg1 in the spinal cord were visualized by immunofluorescence. ELISA was performed to measure the expression levels of IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α. Rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and RMa‐bm rat macrophages were treated with lipopolysaccharide under hypoxic conditions. The viability and iron content of the neurons were detected using Cell Counting Kit‐8 and a specific probe, respectively. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to assess macrophage polarization. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to identify the binding of PRMT8 to the GDFN promoter.ResultsNeuronal ferroptosis and M1 macrophage polarization were promoted, and PRMT8 expression was downregulated in SCI. PRMT8 overexpression exerted therapeutic effects on injured DRG neurons and RMa‐bm cells. Moreover, PRMT8 overexpression inhibited ferroptosis and M1 macrophage polarization in rats with SCI. PRMT8 promoted GDNF expression by catalyzing H3K4 methylation. Knockdown of GDNF counteracted the therapeutic effects of PRMT8 overexpression.ConclusionOverexpression of PRMT8 may inhibit ferroptosis and M1 macrophage polarization by increasing GDNF expression, thereby alleviating SCI.
Association between stress hyperglycemia and outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion
Authors: Peng Zhouzhou , Song Jiaxing , Li Linyu , Guo Changwei , Yang Jie , Kong Weilin , Huang Jiacheng , Hu Jinrong , Liu Shuai , Tian Yan , Yang Dahong , Li Fengli , Zi Wenjie , Xie Dongjing , Yang Qingwu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to evaluate the association between stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) and clinical outcomes at 90 days in acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion receiving endovascular treatment.MethodsThe RESCUE BT trial was a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial, consisting of 948 stroke patients from 55 centers in China. A total of 542 patients with glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) values at admission were included in this analysis. SHR, measured by glucose/HbA1C, was evaluated as both a tri‐categorical variable (≤1.07 vs. 1.08–1.29 vs. ≥1.30) and a continuous variable. The primary outcome was a favorable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score ≤2) at 90 days. The secondary outcome included excellent functional outcome (mRS score ≤1) and safety outcomes, such as 90‐day mortality and intracranial hemorrhage. The study was registered with Chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR‐INR‐17014167).ResultsCompared with patients in the lowest tertile of SHR, the highest tertile group had significantly lower odds of achieving favorable functional outcome of mRS score of 0–2 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.28–0.69; p < 0.001) and excellent clinical outcome of mRS score of 0–1 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.29–0.79; p = 0.004) at 90 days after adjusting for potential covariates. Similar results were observed after further adjustment for preexisting diabetes and Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS).ConclusionStress hyperglycemia ratio, as measured by the glucose/HbA1C, was associated with a decreased odds of achieving a favorable functional outcome in patients with acute large vessel occlusion stroke at 90 days.
Oxidative stress in intervertebral disc degeneration: Molecular mechanisms, pathogenesis and treatment
Authors: Wang Yidian , Cheng Huiguang , Wang Tao , Zhang Kun , Zhang Yumin , Kang Xin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLow back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of labour loss and disability worldwide, and it also imposes a severe economic burden on patients and society. Among symptomatic LBP, approximately 40% is caused by intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). IDD is the pathological basis of many spinal degenerative diseases such as disc herniation and spinal stenosis. Currently, the therapeutic approaches for IDD mainly include conservative treatment and surgical treatment, neither of which can solve the problem from the root by terminating the degenerative process of the intervertebral disc (IVD). Therefore, further exploring the pathogenic mechanisms of IDD and adopting targeted therapeutic strategies is one of the current research hotspots. Among the complex pathophysiological processes and pathogenic mechanisms of IDD, oxidative stress is considered as the main pathogenic factor. The delicate balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants is essential for maintaining the normal function and survival of IVD cells. Excessive ROS levels can cause damage to macromolecules such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins of cells, affect normal cellular activities and functions, and ultimately lead to cell senescence or death. This review discusses the potential role of oxidative stress in IDD to further understand the pathophysiological processes and pathogenic mechanisms of IDD and provides potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of IDD.