bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of excess lithium on the structure and microwave dielectric properties of LiMg0.5Ti0.5O2 ceramics
Authors: Liu Kui , Yang Yuran , Zhang Dainan , Shi Liang , Wang Xueying , Yin Qisheng , Liu Cheng , Li Jie , Liao Yulong , Zhang Huaiwu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHerein, Li1+xMg0.5Ti0.5O2 (0.000 ≤ x ≤ 0.075) ceramics with excess lithium were prepared by solid‐state reaction method to compensate for lithium volatilization, thus optimizing dielectric properties. The second phase Mg2TiO4 decreases with excess lithium content and eventually disappears at x = 0.05. Of these, Li1.0375Mg0.5Ti0.5O2 illustrates the best dielectric properties with εr = 16.58, Q × f = 120712 GHz (@9.18 GHz), and τf = −16.31 ppm/°C. From the point of view of non‐intrinsic factors, excess lithium at optimum ratios slightly facilitates the sintering of the ceramics, improves densification, and increases the grain size, resulting in improved dielectric properties. For intrinsic factors, a slight increase in bond ionicity results in a slight improvement in εr. First‐principles calculations demonstrate that suitable excess lithium increases electron cloud density in the internal space of Li/Mg/TiO6 octahedron and increases band gap, thus optimizing the dielectric properties. The same results were obtained from the perspective of lattice vibrations. The modified Li1.0375Mg0.5Ti0.5O2 ceramics offer great potential for future microwave communication technology.
Reconstructing mechanisms of extinctions to guide mammal conservation biogeography
Authors: Tomlinson Sean , Lomolino Mark V. , Woinarski John C. Z. , Murphy Brett P. , Reed Elizabeth , Johnson Chris N. , Legge Sarah , Helgen Kristofer M. , Brown Stuart C. , Fordham Damien A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn emerging research program on population and geographic range dynamics of Australia's mammals illustrates an approach to better understand and respond to geographic range collapses of threatened wildlife in general. In 1788, Europeans colonized an Australia with a diverse and largely endemic mammal fauna, where many species that are now extinct or threatened were common and widespread. Subsequent population declines, range collapses and extinctions were caused by introduced predators and herbivores, altered land use, modified fire regimes and the synergies between these threats. Declines in population and range size continue for many Australian mammals despite legislative protection and conservation interventions. Here, we propose an approach that integrates museum data and other historical records into process‐explicit macroecological models to better resolve mammal distributions and abundances as they were at European arrival. We then illustrate how this integrative approach can identify the likely synergistic mechanisms causing mammal population declines across these and other landscapes. This emerging research approach, undertaken with fine temporal and spatial resolution, but at large geographic scales, will provide valuable insights into the different pathways to, and drivers of, extinction. Such insights may, in turn, underpin conservation strategies based on a process‐explicit understanding of population decline and range collapse under alternative scenarios of impending climate and environmental change. Given that similar information is available for other regional biotas, the approach we describe here can be adapted to conserve threatened wildlife in other regions across the globe.
Revision of Nannocharax luapulae Boulenger, 1915 (Characiformes: Distichodontidae) from the Upper Congo basin: Evidence for a species pair
Authors: Katemo Manda Bauchet , Snoeks Jos , Decru Eva , Brecko Jonathan , Vreven Emmanuel J. W. M. N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor many decades, Nannocharax luapulae has been considered to be widespread in the southern part of the Upper Congo basin. However, meristic, morphometric and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcoding evidence revealed that its geographical distribution is restricted to the Luapula‐Moero basin. The populations of the Upper Lualaba are assigned to a new species, N. chochamandai. This new species, though highly similar to N. luapulae, can readily be distinguished from it by its lower number of lateral line scales, 41–46 (vs. 49–55), its pectoral fin reaching the pelvic‐fin insertion (vs. not reaching the pelvic‐fin insertion) and its pelvic fin reaching the base of the anal fin (vs. not reaching the base of the anal fin). Specimens of N. chochamandai display thickened pads on the first three pelvic‐fin rays that exhibit intraspecific variation in development, which appears to be related to the flow‐strength of the river in which these Nannocharax specimens occur. Nannocharax luapulae is redescribed and an updated identification key to the Nannocharax species of the Congo basin sensu lato is provided as well. Some fish conservation issues related to N. luapulae and N. chochamandai are also highlighted.
Patient and clinician perspectives on implant dentistry decision aid content: Results from an enhanced Delphi study
Authors: Tonogai James , von Bergmann HsingChi , Chvartszaid David , Dempster Laura 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate patient and clinician perspectives on what is considered important to include in a decision aid for replacement of a missing tooth with an implant.MethodsAn online modified Delphi method with pair comparisons technique was used to survey participants (66 patients, 48 prosthodontists, 46 periodontists, and 31 oral surgeons) in Ontario, Canada from November 2020 to April 2021 regarding the importance of information provided during an implant consultation. Round one included 19 items derived from the literature and informed consent protocols. The decision to retain an item was based on group consensus, defined as at least 75% of participants identifying the item as “important” or “highly important.” After analysis of round one results, a second‐round survey was sent to all participants to rank the relative importance of the consensus items. Statistical testing was completed using the Kruskal–Wallis one‐way analysis of variance test and post hoc Mann–Whitney U tests with a significance level set at p ≤ 0.05.ResultsThe first and second surveys had response rates of 77.0% and 45.6%, respectively. In round one, all items except purpose of steps reached group consensus. In round two, the highest group ranked items were patient responsibilities for treatment success and follow‐ups after treatment. The lowest group ranked items were cost factors and restorative steps. Significant differences between the stakeholder groups were found on several items, including diagnosis (p ≤ 0.00), non‐implant options (p ≤ 0.00), and cost (p ≤ 0.01). In general, patients’ opinions were significantly different than clinicians’ opinions on the relative importance of items.ConclusionsClinicians and patients feel that multiple items are important to include in a decision aid for implant therapy; however, differences exist between patients and clinicians on the relative importance of items.
PARAMETERS CONTROLLING THE GEOMETRY OF DETACHMENT AND FAULT‐BEND FOLDS: INSIGHTS FROM 3D FINITE‐ELEMENT MODELS APPLIED TO THE AHWAZ ANTICLINE IN THE DEZFUL EMBAYMENT, SW IRAN
Authors: Khalifeh‐Soltani Anis , Ghassemi Mohammad R. , Alavi Seyed Ahmad , Ganjiani Mehdi 
Published: April 2023

Fault‐related folds are present in most tectonic settings and can serve as structural traps for hydrocarbons. These structures have therefore been widely studied by both structural and petroleum geologists using a range of techniques. Approaches include field‐ and seismic‐based methods, and numerical and analogue modelling. Geomechanical models attempt to examine the mechanical and geometric features of folds.This study investigates the effects of variations in a range of parameters, including detachment and ramp geometry, friction coefficient and internal friction angle, on the geometry and development of detachment folds and fault‐bend folds. For this purpose, we ran seven series of numerical, 3D elastic‐plastic finite element models using ABAQUS software (26 model runs in all). Each model set‐up consisted of five layers whose mechanical properties were based on those of stratigraphic units in the Zagros fold‐and‐thrust belt, SW Iran. The models were labelled series A to F and series H. Models in series A investigated the impact of concave, convex, wavy and oblique detachment surfaces on the development of detachment folds; those in series D examined the role of ramp dip and of listric, oblique and wavy ramps on the development of fault‐bend folds. Models in series B and E, and series C and F, examined the effects of variations in the friction coefficient and of the internal friction angle, respectively, on the development of these two classes of folds. Finally, hybrid models in series H were provided to evaluate the results.Major results were as follows. Firstly, the geometry of modelled detachment and fault‐bend folds was found to be influenced by the geometry of the associated ramps and detachment faults. Thus the crests of anticlines and the trough lines of synclines were located at points of maximum curvature and at inflexion points on a wavy detachment fault or wavy ramp, respectively. Second, two important additional factors controlling fold style were identified: the friction coefficient, and the presence of along‐strike geometric variations in the ramp or the detachment fault. Layers with low friction coefficients and high internal friction angles formed detachment folds with thick hinges and thin limbs; conversely, layers with high friction coefficients and low internal friction angles created detachment folds with thick limbs and thin hinges. Application of the results to modelling of the Ahwaz anticline in the Dezful Embayment, SW Iran, was successful, and in general the modelled structure was consistent with that observed in the field.
Disruption of Dcp1 leads to a Dcp2‐dependent aberrant ribosome profiles in Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Bharudin Izwan , Caddick Mark X. , Connell Sean R. , Lamaudière Matthew T. F. , Morozov Igor Y. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere are multiple RNA degradation mechanisms in eukaryotes, key among these is mRNA decapping, which requires the Dcp1‐Dcp2 complex. Decapping is involved in various processes including nonsense‐mediated decay (NMD), a process by which aberrant transcripts with a premature termination codon are targeted for translational repression and rapid decay. NMD is ubiquitous throughout eukaryotes and the key factors involved are highly conserved, although many differences have evolved. We investigated the role of Aspergillus nidulans decapping factors in NMD and found that they are not required, unlike Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Intriguingly, we also observed that the disruption of one of the decapping factors, Dcp1, leads to an aberrant ribosome profile. Importantly this was not shared by mutations disrupting Dcp2, the catalytic component of the decapping complex. The aberrant profile is associated with the accumulation of a high proportion of 25S rRNA degradation intermediates. We identified the location of three rRNA cleavage sites and show that a mutation targeted to disrupt the catalytic domain of Dcp2 partially suppresses the aberrant profile of Δdcp1 strains. This suggests that in the absence of Dcp1, cleaved ribosomal components accumulate and Dcp2 may be directly involved in mediating these cleavage events. We discuss the implications of this.
Genetic linkage analysis of head and neck cancer in a Spanish family
Authors: Pérez‐Sayáns Mario , Chamorro‐Petronacci Cintia M. , Bravo Susana B. , Padín‐Iruegas María E. , Guitián‐Fernández Esteban , Barros‐Angueira Francisco , Quintas‐Rey Rita , García‐García Abel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the genetic variants that may be associated with the development of head and neck cancer (HNC) and functionally validating the molecular implications.Materials and MethodsA prospective observational study was carried out on a family of 3 generations in which 3 members had developed HNC. Peripheral blood sample was taken in a routine procedure for exome sequencing in one relative and genotyping in the remaining twelve relatives. For the functional analysis all‐trans retinoic acid (atRA) was extracted from saliva and serum and measured using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS). The presence of HPV‐DNA.ResultsNone of the patients smoked or consumed alcohol. The presence of HPV DNA was not detected in any of the biopsied samples. A total amount of 6 members out of 13 (46.15%) carried out the same mutation of CYP26B1 (2p13.2; G>T). The mean plasma concentration of atRA was 3.3109 ± 1.4791 pg/mL for the study family and 4.7370 ± 1.5992 pg/mL for the controls (p = 0.042).ConclusionLower levels of atRA were confirmed in the study family, which may open the way to the possible relationship between the polymorphism CYP26B1 (2p13.2; G>T) and HNC.
Transnational crimes: how nations should cooperate and why they don't*
Authors: Bac Mehmet 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChain‐form crime partnerships and intelligence sharing by national authorities to detect cross‐border partners create multiple externalities in the combat against transnational crimes and illicit trafficking. Cooperative enforcements that minimize global harms prioritize the country with lower intelligence production and/or superior detection capability. In equilibrium, as in practice, national enforcements are underbudgeted and might prioritize the wrong side – predominantly the high‐budget, high‐harm country. Governments might not share intelligence out of fear of importing enforcement burden, and harmonizing criminal sanctions alone might not be effective. Shocks on crime deterrence in a target country are first absorbed by source countries, implying weaker horizontal crime transfer effects than projected.
Once More unto the Breach: Kant and Race
Authors: Fleischacker Samuel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe last thirty years has seen an explosion of literature on Kant and race. Once overlooked essays and notes in which Kant expresses contempt for nonwhite people and support for slavery have been brought to light, and many scholars have wrestled with the question of how a philosopher who stressed the equal dignity of all human beings could hold such views. This article tries to reframe the debate over these issues. It begins by reviewing the racist texts in Kant's corpus and the responses to them proposed by scholars like Charles Mills (to whom the paper is dedicated), Robert Bernasconi, and Pauline Kleingeld. It then introduces elements of Kant's philosophical development that gave Kant reason to renounce his racism—whether or not he actually did so—from about the time of the Groundwork onward. Finally, it turns to the question of what Kant's racism can tell us about his moral philosophy—and perhaps about moral philosophy in general.
Regulation of drought tolerance in Arabidopsis involves the PLATZ4‐mediated transcriptional repression of plasma membrane aquaporin PIP2;8
Authors: Liu Miao , Wang Chunyan , Ji Zhen , Lu Junyao , Zhang Lei , Li Chunlong , Huang Jinguang , Yang Guodong , Yan Kang , Zhang Shizhong , Zheng Chengchao , Wu Changai 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYPlant A/T‐rich protein and zinc‐binding protein (PLATZ) transcription factors play important roles in plant growth, development and abiotic stress responses. However, how PLATZ influences plant drought tolerance remains poorly understood. The present study showed that PLATZ4 increased drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana by causing stomatal closure. Transcriptional profiling analysis revealed that PLATZ4 affected the expression of a set of genes involved in water and ion transport, antioxidant metabolism, small peptides and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Among these genes, the direct binding of PLATZ4 to the A/T‐rich sequences in the plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2;8 (PIP2;8) promoter was identified. PIP2;8 consistently reduced drought tolerance in Arabidopsis through inhibiting stomatal closure. PIP2;8 was localized in the plasma membrane, exhibited water channel activity in Xenopus laevis oocytes and acted epistatically to PLATZ4 in regulating the drought stress response in Arabidopsis. PLATZ4 increased ABA sensitivity through upregulating the expression of ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3), ABI4 and ABI5. The transcripts of PLATZ4 were induced to high levels in vegetative seedlings under drought and ABA treatments within 6 and 3 h, respectively. Collectively, these findings reveal that PLATZ4 positively influences plant drought tolerance through regulating the expression of PIP2;8 and genes involved in ABA signaling.
Lessons Learned Toward Estimating the High-Pressure Turbine Inlet Temperature Profile Using Measurements Acquired at the High-Pressure Turbine Exit
Authors: Zhu Xu , Zhou Kai , Zheng Xinqian , Lou Fangyuan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
To achieve higher thermal efficiency, gas turbines operate at increasingly higher turbine inlet temperatures, leading to the need for advanced cooling methods such as film cooling, impingement cooling, and passage cooling in modern high-pressure turbines (HPTs). However, accurately predicting the nonuniform temperature distribution at the HPT inlet in real-time has been a challenge, resulting in oversized cooling flow rates of up to 25% of the core engine flow. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel approach based on discrete measurements acquired at the HPT exit to predict the turbine inlet temperature and nonuniformity magnitude. The proposed method utilizes a multiwavelet approximation technique to extract the hot-streaks-related component at the HPT exit, which is then used to approximate the HPT inlet temperature distribution based on the hot-streaks' decay rate across the HPT. This paper provides an overview of the proposed method and its potential applications in the gas turbine industry. Additionally, the impact of burner-to-burner asymmetry on the accuracy of the proposed method is analyzed, and recommendations for improving its effectiveness in such scenarios are presented.
Model Predictive Control of a Multi-Mode Suspension System Using Preview Information and Weight Optimization
Authors: Batta Nathan A. , Doscher Daniel P. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study examines the effectiveness of a model predictive controller (MPC) on the multimode active suspension concept to reduce driver absorbed power. A multimode suspension uses additional degrees-of-freedom beyond a traditional active suspension. This allows the suspension to address disturbances with multiple frequencies when coupled with a noncausal control scheme such as MPC. A half-car model is developed by placing both active and passive components in series to mitigate high and low frequency disturbances at the tire-road interface. A stepwise MPC with preview information is applied to the model to measure an incoming disturbance. The model includes noise in state feedback and preview information. A Kalman filter addresses process and measurement noise while the preview information is filtered using an exponential moving average. Process and Measurement noise are considered to be known. Four disturbance profiles are examined: step, two-mode, three-mode, and an ISO8608 Class D profile. Weights used for the MPC process are optimized for each profile according to an objective function based on driver absorbed power. For each profile the response for uncontrolled, controlled, and controlled with preview is examined to assess effectiveness of the multimode suspension. Results demonstrate the utility of the multimode suspension supplemented with MPC for each profile. Driver absorbed power decreases by 68%, 99%, 73%, and 89% for the step, two-mode, three-mode, and ISO8608 Class D profile, respectively. Examination of the natural, disturbance, and forcing frequencies suggests that the MPC accounts for the damped natural frequencies of the system in response to incoming disturbances. The system shows potential to improve performance of vehicles traversing extreme terrain or maintaining a stable chassis for a variety of applications. Future work includes examination of the relationship between the damped natural frequencies, the disturbance, and the resulting control law.
Health measurement instruments and their applicability to military veterans: a systematic review
Authors: Jomy Jane , Jani P , Sheikh F , Charide R , Mah J , Couban R J , Kligler B , Darzi A J , White B K , Hoppe T , Busse J W , Zeraatkar D 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionAccurate measurement of health status is essential to assess veterans’ needs and the effects of interventions directed at improving veterans’ well-being. We conducted a systematic review to identify instruments that measure subjective health status, considering four components (ie, physical, mental, social or spiritual well-being).MethodsFollowing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, we searched CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, JSTOR, ERIC, Social Sciences Abstracts and ProQuest in June 2021 for studies reporting on the development or evaluation of instruments measuring subjective health among outpatient populations. We assessed risk of bias with the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments tool and engaged three veteran partners to independently assess the clarity and applicability of identified instruments.ResultsOf 5863 abstracts screened, we identified 45 eligible articles that reported health-related instruments in the following categories: general health (n=19), mental health (n=7), physical health (n=8), social health (n=3) and spiritual health (n=8). We found evidence for adequate internal consistency for 39 instruments (87%) and good test–retest reliability for 24 (53%) instruments. Of these, our veteran partners identified five instruments for the measurement of subjective health (Military to Civilian Questionnaire (M2C-Q), Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey (VR-36), Short Form 36, Abbreviated World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and Sleep Health Scale) as clear and very applicable to veterans. Of the two instruments developed and validated among veterans, the 16-item M2C-Q considered most components of health (mental, social and spiritual). Of the three instruments not validated among veterans, only the 26-item WHOQOL-BREF considered all four components of health.ConclusionWe identified 45 health measurement instruments of which, among those reporting adequate psychometric properties and endorsed by our veteran partners, 2 instruments showed the most promise for measurement of subjective health. The M2C-Q, which requires augmentation to capture physical health (eg, the physical component score of the VR-36), and the WHOQOL-BREF, which requires validation among veterans.