bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Relevance of the Legal History of the Early Modern Mediterranean
Authors: Fusaro Maria 
Published: July 2023

This essay is the result of reflection elicited by three ERC-funded projects on the Early Modern Mediterranean. From their results, it emerged that the interconnectivity generated by the legal interactions in that time and place played a vital role in the shaping of the modern world. We need to recognise the importance of this legal history and reassess the neglected importance of Mediterranean developments within global history, thus giving it its proper place in our research agendas. This conclusion is discussed within the framework of recent historiographical developments across different sub-disciplines and national historiographies.

Image Caption: Gerard and Leonard Valck, Mare mediterraneum, Washington, Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division, G5672 .M4 1695 .V3 TIL, 1695. Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division (Public Domain) https://www.loc.gov/resource/g5672m.ct000433/
caring for fellow movements and social service volunteers for covid-19 mechanical engineering at Balikpapan University in Karangrejo sub-district, Balikpapan city
Authors: Suherna Suherna , Arifin Kuswandi , Pongky Patunru 
Published: July 2023

Gerakan peduli sesama dan bakti sosial adalah salah satu program pengabdian masyarakat yang dilaksanakan oleh dosen dan mahasiswa Program Studi Teknik Mesin Universitas Balikpapan sebagai bentuk kepedulian kita terhadap masyarakat dan lingkungan ditengah pandemic covid-19. Pelaksanaan kegiatan Gerakan Peduli Sesama dan Bakti Sosial oleh Relawan Teknik Mesin merupakan bagian dari tri dharma dan program kerja dari Universitas Balikpapan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan membantu masyarakat tentang upaya memutus mata rantai penularan Covid-19. Kegiatan ini terlaksana pada Kelurahan Karang Rejo Kecamatan Balikpapan Tengah tepatnya RT. 31, 32, 46, 48 dan 62 dengan metode pengabdian berupa kegiatan penyuluhan, pembagian sabun cuci tangan, pembagian masker dan sembako serta penyemprotan disenfektan dilingkungan pemukiman warga. Hasil menunjukkan adanya respon positif pemerintah serta partisipasi aktif masyarakat yang tinggi.
Analysis of the discourse in Samuel Beckett's play "Endgame"
Authors: سعدون ماجد , فلاح علي 
Published: July 2023

Conversation is a way of speaking of two or more people by means of two turns, the first turn and the second turn. The basis of a conversation is normally interactional, although sometimes it has got a transactional element. Turn –taking is the process of alternating between speakers or participants in a conversation. Turn –taking occurs either through nomination or by self –selection by the new speaker. Adjacency pairs are considered as functional units in conversational organization .Such pairs are most frequent in plays which are the means of interaction between characters. The problem of the research is related to how can a complete turn identified. To identify a turn you need to examine the points of possible completion of a turn at transition relevant places. It is difficult to identify a turn without it sings of possible completion. This study aims at analyzing conversation as a means of interaction between people (social side). Also this study aims at supporting some critical points of view concerning the Absurd playwrights' way of writing (their techniques). In addition to that identifying the reasons behind the occurrence of silences and the role and boundaries of a turn in a conversation (the beginning and end of a turn). It is hypothesized that silences occur as a result of rather absence of possible completion of a turn and topic –change devices ( possible pre_ closing and pre –closing ) . Also, it is the use of turn-by-turn allocation system waiting to speak.
Abbad bin Al-Husayn Al-Habati - a historical study
Authors: Al-Omar Samir 
Published: July 2023

برع عباد بن الحصين كفارس مقاتل , وقائد لفرسان جيش البصرة , ومشارك في الفتوح المشرقية , ومع ذلك لم يكن مادة مهمة لدى المؤرخين . فجاءت الروايات التاريخية عنه مقتضبة جدا . فلم تذكر المصادر - مثلا – اسماء زوجاته الى جانب اسمه، بل ذكر اسمه كواحد من عدة ازواج لاثنتين من المردفات . وكأي شخصية من القيادات الميدانية لأحدى فرق الجيش , وهم من الكثرة بحيث ضاعت معظم ملامحهم , وبقي الاسم مجردا في بعض الأحيان , فان ذلك كان دافعا قويا لدراسة هذه الشخصية , في محاولة لإبراز مشاركته ومهامه العسكرية , وموقفه من السلطة الأموية .
The Relationship Between Age, Parity, Ideal Weight, and Blood Pressure in Diagnosing Hypertension in Pregnant Women Using The K-Means Algorithm
Authors: Ponda Hendry , Rahmalisa Uci 
Published: July 2023

Hypertension is one of the health problems that often arise during pregnancy and can cause complications in 2-3% of pregnancies. Hypertension In Pregnancy (HDK) is defined as a blood pressure of ≥140/90 mmHg in two or more measurements. Data mining is a combination of a number of computer science disciplines that is defined as the process of discovering new patterns from very large data sets. By looking at records on Age, IMT, Parity / Gravidity, and Blood Pressure and analysis with K-Means clustering, it can be seen that the similarity of values of the above variables ultimately forms patterns related to hypertension in pregnant women. The clustering process using 5 clusters according to the elbow chart analysis. In this study, it was seen that the variable Blood Pressure is the same pattern and often appears in each cluster. While hypertension occurs in 1 cluster out of 5 existing clusters.
Pengaruh Gelombang Elektromagnetik Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) terhadap Kelistrikan Jantung
Authors: Hindiyati Siti Hindun , Sudarti  
Published: July 2023

Paparan gelombang elektromagnetik Extremely Low Frequency dicurigai berdampak pada kelainan tubuh khususnya organ jantung. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh paparan Elektromagnetik Extremely Low Frequency terhadap kelistrikan jantung. Metode penulisan menggunakan literature review dari 30 artikel hasil penelitian yang relevan mulai tahun 2012 sampai 2022,ditemukan 11 artikel yang sesuai kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Indikator kelistrikan jantung yang akan dianalisis dalam penelitian ini antara lain, detak jantung (aritmia) dan metabolisme jantung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gelombang Extremely Low Frequency memengaruhi secara positif sebanyak 85% terhadap total sampel jantung sakit khususnya pada proses penyembuhan penyakit Ischemia Reperfusi (IR) dan koroner dengan cara meningkatkan fungsi jantung dan meningkatkan NO pada sampel jantung sakit. Namun, 15% sisanya, Extremely Low Frequency tidak signifikan berpengaruh terhadap aritmia maupun metabolisme pada sampel jantung sehat baik manusia maupun hewan. Hasil penelitian melaporkan bahwa paparan medan listrik 50-60 Hz intensitas 12 µT mampu melindungi jantung dari kerusakan Ischemia Reperfusi dan juga mempertahankan metabolisme selama cedera IR. Hasil pada jantung sehat paparan tidak memberikan efek signifikan terhadap tekanan darah, denyut nadi, denyut jantung, atau irama jantung sehingga penelitian pada jantung sehat masih sangat kontroversial. Sedangkan pada jantung yang terkena cidera IR dan coroner, ELF dapat digunakan sebagai alternative terapi proses penyembuhan.
Pengaruh Frekuensi Perdagangan, Volume Perdagangan Saham, dan Kapitalisasi Pasar Terhadap Return Saham Syariah pada Perusahaan Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) Tahun 2020 - 2022
Authors: Arhama Nessa Faiqa 
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh frekuensi perdagangan, volume perdagangan saham, dan kapitalisasi pasar terhadap return saham perusahaan yang terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) tahun 2020 – 2022. Sifat penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Populasinya dan sampel penelitian adalah 12 perusahaan yang terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) tahun 2020 – 2022. Data diperoleh sebagai data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui laporan keuangan tahunan 2020 – 2022. Berdasarkan uji frekuensi perdagangan, volume perdagangan saham dan kapitalisasi pasar tidak berpengaruh dan tidak signifikan terhadap return saham perusahaan yang terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) tahun 2020 - 2022. Nilai R Square sebesar 0,018 menunjukkan adanya hubungan sebesar 1,8% antara frekuensi perdagangan, volume perdagangan saham, dan kapitalisasi pasar sedangkan sisanya sebesar 98,2% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain diluar model regresi.
Aplikasi google earth untuk menganalisis fenomena gentrifikasi akibat komersialisasi ruang di area sekitar kampus
Authors: Niki Suma Nasobi , Shofwan Moch 
Published: July 2023

Peningkatan pembangunan kampus, akan berdampak pada munculnya fenomena gentrifikasi. Lahan dan bangunan di sekitar kampus menjadi strategis, sehingga akan dilirik oleh kaum kaya. Akibatnya kawasan sekitar kampus beralih tangan dari masyarakat asli dengan modal ekonomi rendah ke kaum yang memiliki modal ekonomi lebih tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis fenomena gentrifikasi di area sekitar kampus UIN Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember. Perubahan status kampus, dari STAIN menjadi UIN berdampak pada perkembangan jumlah mahasiswa secara signifikan. Sehingga penduduk sekitar kampus yang awalnya terkenal daerah industri kerupuk, sekarang berubah menjadi tempat kos mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode campuran dengan menggunakan citra google earth sebagai Object Base Image Analysis (OBIA) dan diperkuat data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa terjadi perubahan penggunaan lahan di sekitar kampus yang begitu signifikan. Lahan pertanian sawah beralih fungsi menjadi bangunan. Lahan industri kerupuk, berubah fungsi menjadi tempat kos, warung, tampat rental fotokopi dan laundry.
Zur Musik in Österreich von 1564 bis 1740, Eds. Klaus Aringer, Bernhard Rainer, Graz 2022
Authors: Beroun Raphaela 
Published: July 2023

Book Review of:
Zur Musik in Österreich von 1564 bis 1740, eds. Klaus Aringer, Bernhard Rainer. Graz 2022 Leykam
Analysis of French Language Training Needs for Tourism Actors in Nusa Penida
Authors: Paramita Ratri , Zulfan Muhammad 
Published: July 2023

This research is intended to review and characterize the French language training requirements for Nusa Penida tour operators to develop their foreign language skills. In Klungkung Regency, Nusa Penida Island which is located in the south of Bali Island is managed as a Regency. Dubbed “Bali Is Called Nusa Penida The Best Destination for Backpackers,” it ranks first out of 20 countries as the biggest destination for tourists worldwide, beating Vietnam, Madagascar, and other ASEAN countries, according to the New Dublin Based Online and Hostel-Booking Platform.
Comparing the number of visitors from various European countries to Bali from 2016 to 2020, the number of French tourists occupies the top position. Likewise, the island of Nusa Penida sees many French visitors. The following questions were included in a questionnaire given to 50 respondents: What topic of French are you most interested in learning? What kind of French language education are you looking for? What French term or verb would you like to learn first? What kind of substance do you need? What learning method do you prefer?
According to the responses, speaking and oral communication skills were cited by 70% of respondents as their top learning priority, followed by outreach by 50% of respondents and courses by 36%. 44% of respondents identified greetings as a function of the language they wanted to learn, while 24% chose greetings and giving information. 48% of respondents said they wanted travel information, and 26% said they wanted information about food. 34% of respondents chose reading and writing as their preferred learning method, while 28% chose to listen.
Activation levels of plausible alternatives in conversational negation
Authors: Capuano Francesca , Sorg Theresa , Kaup Barbara 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNegation is often used to contradict or correct (e.g. There is no dog here.). While rejecting some state of affairs that is presumed to hold for the recipient (e.g. There is a dog here.), the speaker might implicitly suggest a set of plausible alternatives (e.g. There is a wolf instead.). Prior work indicates that alternatives are highly relevant to the comprehension of sentences involving focus: in priming studies, listeners infer plausible alternatives to focused items even when they are not contextually available. So far it is unclear whether negation similarly activates an automatic search for plausible alternatives. The current study was designed to investigate this question, by looking at the activation levels of nouns after negative and affirmative sentences. In a series of priming experiments, subjects were presented with negative and affirmative sentences (e.g. There is an/no apple.), followed by a lexical decision task with targets including plausible alternatives (e.g. pear), as well as semantically related but implausible alternatives (e.g. seed). An interaction of Sentence Polarity and Prime-Target Relation was expected, with negation facilitating responses to plausible alternatives. Results of the first experiment were numerically in line with the hypothesis but the interaction just missed significance level. A post hoc analysis revealed the expected significant interaction. Possible roles of sentential context and goodness of alternatives are discussed. A further experiment confirms that the goodness of alternatives is in fact critical in modulating the effect.
Optical Imaging Polarimetry of Comet 21P/Giacobini–Zinner during Its 2018 Apparition
Authors: Shinnaka Yoshiharu , Kawakita Hideyo , Kobayashi Hitomi , Furusho Reiko , Watanabe Jun-ichi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We conducted polarimetric observations of comet 21P/Giacobini–Zinner in the optical wavelength region using the polarimetric imager PICO equipped with the 50 cm telescope for Public Outreach at the Mitaka Campus of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan on UT 2018 September 16, at a solar phase angle of 77° for the comet. We used Gunn’s i′-band filter to cover the wavelength region where sunlight reflected by dust grains dominates cometary spectra. The intensity map of comet 21P/Giacobini–Zinner showed an elongated coma structure along the east–west direction. The linear polarization degree map was almost uniform and showed no evidence of jet or arc structures in the inner coma. The linear polarization degree was 22% in the coma, which is consistent with other optical polarization observations of 21P/Giacobini–Zinner for this and previous apparitions reported in the literature. The measured polarization angles (179°) were nearly perpendicular to the position angle of the scattering plane of 271°. There is no evidence of significant changes in the dust properties (composition, porosity, and size distribution) in the comet from its 1985 to 2018 apparitions. The spectral gradient of the linear polarization degree for the comet was nearly flat in the wavelength range of ∼510–830 nm at a solar phase angle of ∼77° during the 2018 apparition.
Engineering the Interactions of Classical Cadherin Cell–Cell Adhesion Proteins
Authors: Sivasankar Sanjeevi , Xie Bin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Classical cadherins are calcium-dependent cell–cell adhesion proteins that play key roles in the formation and maintenance of tissues. Deficiencies in cadherin adhesion are hallmarks of numerous cancers. In this article, we review recent biophysical studies on the regulation of cadherin structure and adhesion. We begin by reviewing distinct cadherin binding conformations, their biophysical properties, and their response to mechanical stimuli. We then describe biophysical guidelines for engineering Abs that can regulate adhesion by either stabilizing or destabilizing cadherin interactions. Finally, we review molecular mechanisms by which cytoplasmic proteins regulate the conformation of cadherin extracellular regions from the inside out.
The Energetic Landscape of Catch Bonds in TCR Interfaces
Authors: Ayres Cory M , Corcelli Steve A , Baker Brian M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Recognition of peptide/MHC complexes by αβ TCRs has traditionally been viewed through the lens of conventional receptor–ligand theory. Recent work, however, has shown that TCR recognition and T cell signaling can be profoundly influenced and tuned by mechanical forces. One outcome of applied force is the catch bond, where TCR dissociation rates decrease (half-lives increase) when limited force is applied. Although catch bond behavior is believed to be widespread in biology, its counterintuitive nature coupled with the difficulties of describing mechanisms at the structural level have resulted in considerable mystique. In this review, we demonstrate that viewing catch bonds through the lens of energy landscapes, barriers, and the ensuing reaction rates can help demystify catch bonding and provide a foundation on which atomic-level TCR catch bond mechanisms can be built.
What’s the Catch? The Significance of Catch Bonds in T Cell Activation
Authors: Faust Michael A , Rasé Viva J , Lamb Tracey J , Evavold Brian D 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
One of the main goals in T cell biology has been to investigate how TCR recognition of peptide:MHC (pMHC) determines T cell phenotype and fate. Ag recognition is required to facilitate survival, expansion, and effector function of T cells. Historically, TCR affinity for pMHC has been used as a predictor for T cell fate and responsiveness, but there have now been several examples of nonfunctional high-affinity clones and low-affinity highly functional clones. Recently, more attention has been paid to the TCR being a mechanoreceptor where the key biophysical determinant is TCR bond lifetime under force. As outlined in this review, the fundamental parameters between the TCR and pMHC that control Ag recognition and T cell triggering are affinity, bond lifetime, and the amount of force at which the peak lifetime occurs.
Secondary School Athletic Trainers’ Perceptions of the Influence of Social Determinants of Health and Socioeconomic Status on Clinical Management Decisions
Authors: Hernandez Mayrena Isamar , Miller Elena Catherine , Biese Kevin M. , Columna Luis , Andreae Susan , McGuine Timothy A. , Snedden Traci R. , Eberman Lindsey E. , Bell David Robert 
Published: July 2023

Context
Evidence suggests that lower socioeconomic status (SES) and negative social determinants of health (SDOH) contribute to health care disparities. Due to their accessibility in the high school setting, secondary school athletic trainers (SSATs) may encounter patients who are historically underserved in health care, such as patients with low SES. However, a significant gap in knowledge exists regarding how SDOH and SES may influence SSATs’ clinical management decisions.

Objectives
To describe SSATs’ perceptions of how patient SDOH and SES influence clinical management decisions and to identify barriers to athletic health care.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Online survey.

Participants or Other Participants
National Athletic Trainers’ Association SSATs (6.7% response rate).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Secondary school athletic trainers were asked about their perceptions of patient SDOH and SES (content validity index = 0.83 for relevancy). The levels of relevance and agreement were answered on a 4-point Likert scale. Data were summarized using means and SDs, frequencies and proportions (%), and median scores.

Results
A total of 380 SSATs participated (mean years of experience = 14.9 ± 11.7 years). When providing care, most (71.3%) SSATs believed their patients’ health or health care access to be the most relevant of the 5 SDOH, whereas the other 4 SDOH were less than 60% relevant. Most SSATs agreed or strongly agreed that patient SES affected both referral (67.4%) and the reliance on conservative treatment before referral (71.2%). Secondary school athletic trainers identified patient or guardian compliance (70.2%) and type of health insurance (61.5%) as barriers to providing care to patients with low SES.

Conclusions
Secondary school athletic trainers perceived health or health care access as the most relevant social determinant when providing care to patients with low SES. When SSATs further considered the SES of patients, they identified all SDOH as barriers that they were ill equipped to navigate as they delivered care and engaged in patient referral.
Balance Training With Stroboscopic Glasses and Neuromechanics in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability During a Single-Legged Drop Landing
Authors: Lee Hyunwook , Han Seunguk , Hopkins J. Ty 
Published: July 2023

Context
Therapeutic interventions for individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) are recommended to improve muscle strength, postural control, and range of motion. However, their effects on neuromechanics during a drop landing remain unclear. In addition, even though therapeutic interventions with stroboscopic glasses appear to effectively improve postural control, how they affect landing neuromechanics remains unclear.

Objective
To identify the effect of balance training with stroboscopic glasses on neuromechanics during a single-legged drop landing in patients with CAI.

Design
Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Setting
Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 50 participants with CAI were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: strobe (n = 25; age = 22 ± 3 years, height = 174.7 ± 8.2 cm, mass = 71.8 ± 12.2 kg) or control (n = 25; age = 21 ± 2 years, height = 173.1 ± 8.3 cm, mass = 71.1 ± 13.5 kg).

Intervention(s)
The 4-week rehabilitation (3 sessions per week) included hop-based tasks and single-legged stance. The strobe group wore stroboscopic glasses during the training, whereas the control group did not.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Ankle-, knee-, and hip-joint kinematics and 4 lower extremity muscle activations 150 milliseconds before and after initial contact during a single-legged drop landing in the 2 groups.

Results
The strobe group showed greater eversion (from 150 milliseconds before to 30 milliseconds after initial contact) and dorsiflexion (from 30 to 96 milliseconds after initial contact) angles and peroneal longus (from 35 milliseconds before to 5 milliseconds after initial contact) and tibialis anterior (from 0 to 120 milliseconds after initial contact) activation in the posttest than the pretest.

Conclusions
Patients with CAI who underwent a 4-week rehabilitation with stroboscopic glasses demonstrated changes in neuromechanics, including increased ankle-dorsiflexion and -eversion angles and tibialis anterior and peroneus longus activation, during a single-legged drop landing. This finding suggests that use of stroboscopic glasses during rehabilitation could help patients with CAI develop safe landing mechanics.
A giant vesical calculus
Authors: Chandrasekaran Gopalakrishnan , Mathirajan Chelian , Pandiarajan Rajasabai 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Vesical calculi are common in urological practice. However, encountering a giant vesical calculus weighing more than 100 g is rather rare. We report a patient who presented with mild symptoms and was found to have a single giant vesical calculus weighing about 1334 g. Lack of access to basic medical facilities and milder symptoms may be the predisposing factors in this patient for a calculus to enlarge into such abnormal weight.