bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical note: Progressive deep learning: An accelerated training strategy for medical image segmentation
Authors: Choi Byongsu , Olberg Sven , Park Justin C. , Kim Jin Sung , Shrestha Deepak K. , Yaddanapudi Shridhar , Furutani Keith M. , Beltran Chris J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecent advancements in Deep Learning (DL) methodologies have led to state‐of‐the‐art performance in a wide range of applications especially in object recognition, classification, and segmentation of medical images. However, training modern DL models requires a large amount of computation and long training times due to the complex nature of network structures and the large number of training datasets involved. Moreover, it is an intensive, repetitive manual process to select the optimized configuration of hyperparameters for a given DL network.PurposeIn this study, we present a novel approach to accelerate the training time of DL models via the progressive feeding of training datasets based on similarity measures for medical image segmentation. We term this approach Progressive Deep Learning (PDL).MethodsThe two‐stage PDL approach was tested on the auto‐segmentation task for two imaging modalities: CT and MRI. The training datasets were ranked according to similarity measures between each sample based on Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), and the Universal Quality Image Index (UQI) values. At the start of the training process, a relatively coarse sampling of training datasets with higher ranks was used to optimize the hyperparameters of the DL network. Following this, the samples with higher ranks were used in step 1 to yield accelerated loss minimization in early training epochs and the total dataset was added in step 2 for the remainder of training.ResultsOur results demonstrate that the PDL approach can reduce the training time by nearly half (∼49%) and can predict segmentations (CT U‐net/DenseNet dice coefficient: 0.9506/0.9508, MR U‐net/DenseNet dice coefficient: 0.9508/0.9510) without major statistical difference (Wilcoxon signed‐rank test) compared to the conventional DL approach. The total training times with a fixed cutoff at 0.95 DSC for the CT dataset using DenseNet and U‐Net architectures, respectively, were 17 h, 20 min and 4 h, 45 min in the conventional case compared to 8 h, 45 min and 2 h, 20 min with PDL. For the MRI dataset, the total training times using the same architectures were 2 h, 54 min and 52 min in the conventional case and 1 h, 14 min and 25 min with PDL.ConclusionThe proposed PDL training approach offers the ability to substantially reduce the training time for medical image segmentation while maintaining the performance achieved in the conventional case.
Single‐cell transcriptomic survey of cell diversity and functional changes in yak hearts at different altitude
Authors: Chen Yibo , Meng Xiangqiong , Wan Ruidong , Cheng Ruotong , Zhang Guohao , Zhang Qinwen , Yu Hongxian , Wei Qing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe yak (Bos grunniens) is a species adapted to the hypoxic environment in the plateau area. The heart is a hypoxia‐sensitive organ involved in this adaptation. Herein, we used single‐cell RNA‐seq technology and clustering to determine the presence of 11 cell populations in the yak heart. We analyzed gene expression differences and expression patterns in each cell subpopulation at different altitudes. The cells related to altitude changes are mainly smooth muscle cells and vascular endothelial cells. Of the four transcription factors (TFs, MEF2B, FOXP4, ARID5A, and HES4) found in smooth muscle cells, only MEF2B was specifically expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells. Three key TFs (HNF1B, DMRTA1, and ARNTL2) were also found in the cardiomyocyte module. Compared with data extracted from low‐altitude yak, we observed that the high altitude yak has enhanced contraction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells and an increased metabolic level of cardiomyocytes. These may be strategies for the yak to adapt to high‐altitude hypoxia environments.
A passive membrane system for on‐line mass spectrometry reagent addition
Authors: Zarkovic Taelor M. , Borden Scott A. , Krogh Erik T. , Gill Chris G. 
Published: February 2023

RationalePost‐separation addition of chemical modifiers in liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry is widely used for improving ionization sensitivity and selectivity. This is typically accomplished using a post‐column T‐junction, which can result in sample dilution and imperfect mixing. We present a passive semi‐permeable hollow fiber membrane approach for the addition of chemical modifiers that avoids these issues.MethodsModel compounds were directly infused by flow injection to an electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometer after passing through a polydimethylsiloxane hollow fiber membrane. Ionization enhancement reagents were introduced into the flowing stream by membrane permeation from aqueous solutions. Ionization enhancement from volatile acids and bases in positive and negative electrospray ionization was evaluated to assess the feasibility of this approach.ResultsThe membrane‐based apparatus resulted in relative ionization enhancement factors of up to 14×, depending upon the analyte, reagent, and ionization mode used. Ionization enhancement signal stability is reasonable (relative standard deviation of 5–7%) for extended periods from the same reagent solution, and minimal analyte dilution is observed. A proof‐of‐concept demonstration of the chromatographic “trifluoroacetic acid fix” strategy is presented.ConclusionsAn on‐line mass spectrometry ionization reagent addition method with potential post‐chromatography reagent addition applications was developed using a hollow fiber polydimethylsiloxane membrane. This approach offers a promising alternative to traditional methods requiring additional hardware such as pumps and T‐junctions that can result in sample dilution and imperfect reagent mixing.
Residue‐ and nitrogen‐induced carbon mineralization varies with soil fertility status
Authors: Jesmin Tanjila , Mulvaney Richard L. , Boutton Thomas W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBy increasing the input of corn (Zea maysL.) residues, synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilization is often assumed to enhance soil storage of organic carbon (C), which could be especially beneficial for improving the fertility of depleted soils. To ascertain whether such a strategy can be effective, C mineralization was compared for two soils with different indigenous N contents by conducting a 60‐day laboratory incubation experiment that involved continuous monitoring of CO2emissions with periodic sampling for atmospheric δ13C analysis and for determination of soil microbial biomass and cellulolytic enzyme activities. The addition of exogenous N had a stimulatory effect on cumulative CO2production that was greater for the low than high N supplying soil and more prominent in the first than in the second month of incubation. During residue decomposition, microbial activities were maximized by incubating the low N soil with exogenous N, whereas cellulolytic enzyme activities were greater for the high N soil. Although intensive N fertilization can substantially increase the productivity of low‐fertility soils, the additional residue inputs thereby generated are more effective for promoting C mineralization than sequestration.
LiveG4ID‐Seq for Profiling the Dynamic Landscape of Chromatin G‐Quadruplexes During Cell Cycle in Living Cells
Authors: Teng Xucong , Dai Yicong , Li Ke , Wu Yuncong , Hou Hongwei , Li Jinghong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractG‐quadruplex (G4) structures exist in the single‐stranded DNA of chromatin and regulate genome function. However, the native chromatin G4 landscape in living cells has yet to be fully characterized. Herein, a genetic‐encoded live‐cell G4 identifier probe (LiveG4ID) is constructed and its cellular localization, biocompatibility, and G4‐binding specificity is evaluated. By coupling LiveG4ID with cleavage under targets and tagmentation (CUT&Tag), LiveG4ID‐seq, a method for mapping native chromatin G4 landscape in living cells with high accuracy is established. Compared to the conventional G4 CUT&Tag method, LiveG4ID‐seq can identify more chromatin G4 signals and have a higher ratio of true positive signals. Using LiveG4ID‐seq, the dynamic landscape of chromatin G4 structures during the cell cycle is profiled. It is discovered that chromatin G4 structures are prevalent in the promoter regions of cell cycle‐specific genes, even in the early M phase when the chromatin is condensed. These data demonstrate the capacity of LiveG4ID‐seq to profile a more accurate G4 landscape in living cells and promote future studies on chromatin G4 structures.
Advanced Strategies in Synthesis of Two‐Dimensional Materials with Different Compositions and Phases
Authors: Yang Yang , Jia Lin , Wang Dainan , Zhou Jiadong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn recent years, 2D materials—MaXb with different compositions and phases have attracted tremendous attention due to their diverse structures and electronic features. The common thermodynamically stable 2H and metastable 1T phases have been extensively studied, however, there are many unusual compositions and phases with novel physical properties that have yet to be explored. Therefore, summarization of the synthesis strategies, atomic structures, and the unique physical properties of 2D materials with different compositions and phases is very important for their development. In this review, the strategies including chemical vapor deposition, intercalation, atomic layer deposition, chemical vapor transport, and electrostatic gating for synthesizing various 2D materials with different phases and compositions are first summarized. Specially, the intercalation strategies including heterogeneous‐ and self‐intercalation for controllable phases and compositions fabrication are mainly discussed. Then, the novel atomic structures of 2D materials are analyzed, followed by the fascinating physical properties including ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, superconductivity, and so on. Finally, the conclusion and outlook are offered including the challenges and future prospects of 2D materials with different compositions and phases.
A Lego‐like steel‐framed system for standardization and serial production
Authors: Odenbreit Christoph , Yang Jie , Romero Alfredo , Kozma András 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA Lego‐like steel‐framed structural system has been developed within the frame of an RFCS project, REDUCE, to facilitate 1) deconstruction of composite structures, 2) circularity at structure and element levels, and 3) serial production in construction by promoting a greater standardization of structural elements. The system utilizes innovative demountable shear connections for composite flooring solutions with precast concrete elements, and adjustable steel connections for use in both beam‐to‐beam and beam‐to‐column connections. The first use case of the structural system has been realized in the Petite Maison project which is a demonstration project for circularity and contributes to the event ESCH2022. Each construction element is linked to a digital database and remains available for future reuse, as a result of the plug‐and‐play, demountable and robust features of the developed system. This paper presents the proposed demountable system, the results from experiments and finite element analyses on the behaviour of shear connections, composite beams, and steel connections, and indicates the analysing methods for structural engineers to open a pathway for full implementation of the structures built into digital tools, fabrication, and construction.
An invasive primary nasal histiocytic sarcoma in a cat
Authors: Xia Yuan Yuan , Huang Yi Hsiang , Huang Wei Hsiang , Wu Kuan Lun , Lee Jih Jong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article reports an approximately 4‐year‐old, female, spayed cat with an invasive nasal histiocytic sarcoma, which was diagnosed by histopathology and immunohistochemical staining with several markers. Following cytologic evaluation, lymphoma was suspected. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were required to reach a diagnosis. The tumour presented an expansile invasion pattern under head computed tomography. L‐asparaginase was prescribed before the immunohistochemical confirmation, but the response was undetermined.
Ergodic results for the stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with large damping
Authors: Brzeźniak Zdzislaw , Ferrario Benedetta , Zanella Margherita 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe study a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a linear damping, i.e. a zero-order dissipation, and an additive noise. Working in $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

with $$d\le 3$$

d
≤
3

, we prove the uniqueness of the invariant measure when the damping coefficient is sufficiently large.
Asymptotic corrections to the low-frequency theory for a cylindrical elastic shell
Authors: Ege Nihal , Erbaş Barış , Kaplunov Julius , Noori Noorullah 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe general scaling underlying the asymptotic derivation of 2D theory for thin shells from the original equations of motion in 3D elasticity fails for cylindrical shells due to the cancellation of the leading-order terms in the geometric relations for the mid-surface deformations corresponding to shear and circumferential extension. As a consequence, a cylindrical shell as an elastic waveguide supports a small cut-off frequency for each circumferential mode. The value of this cut-off tends to zero at the thin shell limit. In this case, the near-cut-off behaviour is strongly affected by the presence of two small parameters associated with the relative thickness and wavenumber. It is not obvious whether it can be treated within the 2D theory. For the first time, a novel special scaling is introduced, in order to derive an asymptotically consistent formulation for a cylindrical shell starting from 3D framework. Comparisons with the previous results obtained using the popular 2D Sanders–Koiter shell theory are made. Asymptotic corrections are deduced for the fourth-order equation of low-frequency motion and some of other relations, including the formulae for tangential shear stress resultants.
Limit cycles for dynamic crawling locomotors with periodic prescribed shape
Authors: Gidoni Paolo , Margheri Alessandro , Rebelo Carlota 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe study the asymptotic evolution of a family of dynamic models of crawling locomotion, with the aim to introduce a well-posed characterization of a gait as a limit behaviour. The locomotors, which might have a discrete or continuous body, move on a line with a periodic prescribed shape change, and might possibly be subject to external forcing (e.g. crawling on a slope). We discuss how their behaviour is affected by different types of friction forces, including also set-valued ones such as dry friction. We show that, under mild natural assumptions, the dynamics always converge to a relative periodic solution. The asymptotic average velocity of the crawler yet might still depend on its initial state, so we provide additional assumption for its uniqueness. In particular, we show that the asymptotic average velocity is unique both for strictly monotone friction forces, and also for dry friction, provided in the latter case that the actuation is sufficiently smooth (for discrete models) or that the friction coefficients are always nonzero (for continuous models). We present several examples and counterexamples illustrating the necessity of our assumptions.
A meta-analysis of the presence of crop plants in the Dutch and German terp area between 700 bc and ad 1600
Authors: Schepers Mans , Behre Karl-Ernst 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere is a long tradition of archaeobotanical research in and around the dwelling mounds, known as terps or Wurten (among other names), along the Wadden Sea coast. The present paper presents an overview of crop plants retrieved from 1,389 samples, from a total of more than 100 sites, spanning the Iron Age to the Early Modern Period. Traditionally, the area has been more associated with animal husbandry than with crop farming. The crops that do occur are often mentioned in the form of a simple list, which is presented as being constant through time and space. Despite the large number of samples available, an overview looking at the potential diversity in crop plant composition in the area across time and space has been lacking until now. The present paper shows clear trends over time, starting long before the permanent embanking of the Wadden Sea salt marshes.
Association of atrial myopathy in mitral valve disease on safety outcomes in left atrial appendage closure
Authors: Kany Shinwan , Skibowski Johanna , Müller Claus-Heinrich , Geist Volker , Schmitt Jörn , Niroomand Feraydoon , Hailer Birgit , Pleger Sven , Akin Ibrahim , Hochadel Matthias , Senges Jochen , Lubos Edith 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Patients undergoing left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion (LAAO) are multi-morbid, including mitral valve disease (MVD) which is associated with anatomic changes of the left atrium (LA). This study aims to identify how atrial myopathy in MVD influences outcomes in LAAO.

Methods
Atrial myopathy in MVD was defined as LA diameter > 45 mm (♀) and > 48 mm (♂) and existing MVD or history of surgical/interventional treatment. Patients were compared with controls from the prospective, multicentre LAArge registry of LAAO.

Results
A total of 528 patients (52 MVD, 476 no-MVD) were included. The MVD group was significantly more likely to be older (78.2 years vs 75.9 years, p = 0.036) and female (59.6% vs 37.8%, p = 0.002). Altered LA anatomy was observed in MVD with significantly larger LA diameter (53 mm vs. 48 mm, p < 0.001) and LAA Ostia [at 135° 23.0 mm (20.5, 26.0) vs 20.0 mm (18.0, 23.0), p = 0.002]. Implant success was high with 96.2% and 97.9%, respectively, without differences in severe complications (7.7% vs 4.6%, p = 0.31). One-year mortality (17.8% vs 11.5%, p = 0.19) and a combined outcome of death, stroke, and systemic embolism (20.3% vs 12.4%, p = 0.13) were not different. Independent predictors of the combined outcome were peripheral artery disease (HR 2.41, 95% CI 1.46–3.98, p < 0.001) and chronic kidney disease (HR 3.46, 95% CI 2.02–5.93, p < 0.001) but not MVD and atrial myopathy.

Conclusion
Patients with MVD present with altered LA anatomy with increased LA and LAA diameter. However, procedural success and safety in LAAO are not compromised. One-year mortality is numerically higher in patients with MVD but driven by comorbidities.

Graphical abstract
Oral glucose tolerance test and continuous glucose monitoring for gestational diabetes diagnosis: a survey study of women and health care professionals
Authors: Di Filippo Daria , Darling Justine , Chang Melissa Han Yiin , Henry Amanda , Welsh Alec 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Aims
The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), used for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis for over 65 years, has poor acceptability and tolerability. Continuous glucose monitoring is being considered as potential alternative. The aim of our study was to formally assess women’s and health care professionals’ perception of both tests as diagnostic tools for GDM.

Methods
Participants in a pilot study on continuous glucose monitoring for GDM diagnosis were invited to fill two questionnaires, each of 6 Likert-scale and one optional open-ended question. A range of healthcare practitioners were also invited to fill a questionnaire of 13 Likert-scale and 7 optional open-ended questions.

Results
Sixty women completed the OGTT and 70 the continuous glucose monitoring questionnaire. OGTT was reported as poorly acceptable. Continuous glucose monitoring was described as significantly more tolerable (81% vs 27% 5/5 general acceptability rate, p < 0.001); ninety-three percent of the participants would recommend it for GDM diagnosis. Thirty health care professionals completed the survey. Most of them (73%) had confidence in OGTT as a diagnostic test for GDM with 66% raising some concerns. Doubts on continuous glucose monitoring were raised in terms of costs, accessibility and accuracy for GDM diagnosis due to “lack of evidence”.

Conclusions
Continuous glucose monitoring was substantially better tolerated for women than OGTT. Current lack of evidence for diagnostic accuracy for GDM underlines the need for studies on correlation between continuous glucose monitoring parameters and pregnancy outcomes to strengthen evidence for its use as diagnostic test for GDM.
LAT1 expression influences Paneth cell number and tumor development in ApcMin/+ mice
Authors: Sui Yunlong , Hoshi Namiko , Ohgaki Ryuichi , Kong Lingling , Yoshida Ryutaro , Okamoto Norihiro , Kinoshita Masato , Miyazaki Haruka , Ku Yuna , Tokunaga Eri , Ito Yuki , Watanabe Daisuke , Ooi Makoto , Shinohara Masakazu , Sasaki Kengo , Zen Yoh , Kotani Takenori , Matozaki Takashi , Tian Zibin , Kanai Yoshikatsu , Kodama Yuzo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Amino acid transporters play an important role in supplying nutrition to cells and are associated with cell proliferation. L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is highly expressed in many types of cancers and promotes tumor growth; however, how LAT1 affects tumor development is not fully understood.

Methods
To investigate the role of LAT1 in intestinal tumorigenesis, mice carrying LAT1 floxed alleles that also expressed Cre recombinase from the promoter of gene encoding Villin were crossed to an ApcMin/+ background (LAT1fl/fl; vil-cre; ApcMin/+), which were subject to analysis; organoids derived from those mice were also analyzed.

Results
This study showed that LAT1 was constitutively expressed in normal crypt base cells, and its conditional deletion in the intestinal epithelium resulted in fewer Paneth cells. LAT1 deletion reduced tumor size and number in the small intestine of ApcMin/+ mice. Organoids derived from LAT1-deleted ApcMin/+ intestinal crypts displayed fewer spherical organoids with reduced Wnt/β-catenin target gene expression, suggesting a low tumor-initiation capacity. Wnt3 expression was decreased in the absence of LAT1 in the intestinal epithelium, suggesting that loss of Paneth cells due to LAT1 deficiency reduced the risk of tumor initiation by decreasing Wnt3 production.

Conclusions
LAT1 affects intestinal tumor development in a cell-extrinsic manner through reduced Wnt3 expression in Paneth cells. Our findings may partly explain how nutrient availability can affect the risk of tumor development in the intestines.