bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review: Hydrothermal processing of millets and effect on techno‐functional and nutritional properties
Authors: Deka Gunjana , Dutta Himjyoti , Sharma Paras 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMillets represent a group of at least 13 highly nutritious, climate‐resilient grain species. Currently being considered as potential replacement to conventional staple food crops, there occurs an urgent necessity for their value addition through processing. Parboiling, heat‐moisture treatment, dry heat processes, and extrusion are the prominent hydrothermal processes for grains. In this article, process principles and research reported on hydrothermally processed millets have been exhaustively reviewed to enable the future positioning of millets in the food industry. Each hydrothermal process is unique and exerts a specific effect on millet properties. Efficiency in the reduction of inherent antinutrient compounds, namely tannins, phytic acid, phenols, and trypsin inhibitors is a key consideration in process designing. Intercomponent interactions in processed millets, namely compound entrapment, Maillard browning, starch–lipid complex, disulfide crosslinking in proteins, protein–lipid complex, tannin–protein complex, and others crucially control the product quality. Processed millet grains and products are established as functional foods, based on biochemical and in vivo studies. The review also identified major gaps in research. With distinct morphological, compositional, and functional differences, each millet variety can be individually dealt for setting process parameters. Being rich in lipid and antioxidant compounds, possibilities for rancidity control need to be examined for stored millet flours. Flours have been mostly used for partial replacement of base flour in developed products. The possibility of using hydrothermally modified millet flours in single flour products can be explored.
Risk factors, quality of life, and oncological effects of refractory anastomotic leakage for laparoscopic intersphincteric resection
Authors: Liu Junguang , Wang Xiaolin , Chen Hekai , Mei Shiwen , Qiu Wenlong , Tang Jianqiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and AimRefractory anastomotic leakage (RAL) after intersphincteric resection (ISR) usually leads to failure of protective stoma reversal in ultralow rectal cancers. The aim of this study is to assess the risk factors and oncological outcomes of both anastomotic leakage (AL) and RAL, and quality of life (QoL) of RAL after laparoscopic ISR (LsISR).MethodsA total of 371 ultralow rectal cancer patients with LsISR were enrolled from a tertiary colorectal surgery referral center. Risk factors for AL and RAL were identified by logistic regression. Three‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) of AL and RAL was analyzed by the Cox regression. QoL of RAL group (compared with non‐RAL group) was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ‐C30 and QLQ‐CR29 questionnaires.ResultsThe rates of AL and RAL after LsISR accounted for 8.4% (31/371) and 4.6% (17/371) in this cohort, respectively. Non‐left colic artery preservation (odds ratio [OR] = 3.491, P = 0.009), neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) (OR = 6.038, P < 0.001), and lower anastomosis height (OR = 5.271, P = 0.010) were independent risk factors for AL, while nCRT (OR = 11.602, P < 0.001) was the only independent risk factor for RAL. Male (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.989, P = 0.014), age > 60 years (HR = 1.877, P = 0.018), and lymph node metastasis (HR = 2.125, P = 0.005) were independent risk factors of poor 3‐year DFS, but not RAL (P = 0.646). RAL patients have significantly worse global health status, worse emotional and social function scores at the late postoperative stage, and worse urinary and sexual function at the early postoperative stage (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsNeoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was an independent risk factor for RAL after LsISR. RAL shows similar oncological outcomes, but with poor QoL.
Associations of sex, Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, and days alive and at home among older Medicare beneficiaries recovering from hip fracture
Authors: Mutchie Heather L. , Orwig Denise L. , Gruber‐Baldini Ann L. , Johnson Abree , Magaziner Jay , Falvey Jason R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundMales constitute 25% of older adults who experience hip fractures in the United States; a concerning upward trend given poorer health and outcomes among male survivors. Male sex is associated with worse cognitive performance after hip fracture, impacting participation in rehabilitation and long‐term outcomes especially for those with Alzheimer's disease or related dementias (ADRD). However, little research has evaluated whether sex differences in post‐fracture recovery are greater among those living with ADRD.MethodsData were drawn from 2010 to 2017 Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries aged 65 years and older who survived hospitalization for hip fracture (n = 69,581). The primary outcome was days alive and at home (DAAH), a validated patient‐centered claims‐based outcome calculated as 365 days from fracture minus days in hospital, nursing home, rehabilitation facility, emergency department, or time after death. Multivariable Poisson regressions with an interaction term between sex and ADRD status were to model the association between DAAH and ADRD in the 12 months post hip fracture, adjusting for demographics, injury severity, chronic disease burden, and hospital‐level fixed effects.ResultsCompared to females, males were younger and had more comorbidities at the time of fracture. Among survivors, males with ADRD spent a mean of 160.7 DAAH compared to 228.4 for males without ADRD, 177.8 for females with ADRD, and 248.0 for females without ADRD. In adjusted analyses, males without ADRD spent 8.2% fewer DAAH compared to females (rate ratio [RR] = 0.92, 95% CI 0.92–0.92). This relative sex difference increased significantly when comparing those living with ADRD, with males spending an additional 3.3% fewer DAAH (interaction RR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.96–0.97).ConclusionsMales spend fewer DAAH after hip fracture than females, and this difference increases modestly for males living with ADRD compared to females. This suggests that cognitive impairment may be a small but significant contributor to sex‐based differences observed during hip fracture recovery.
Glycogen accumulation modulates life span in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Brewer M. Kathryn , Torres Pascual , Ayala Victòria , Portero‐Otin Manuel , Pamplona Reinald , Andrés‐Benito Pol , Ferrer Isidro , Gentry Matthew S. , Guinovart Joan J. , Duran Jordi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord. Glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia, have been shown to contribute to neurodegeneration in ALS, and metabolic dysfunction plays an important role in the progression of the disease. Glycogen is a soluble polymer of glucose found at low levels in the central nervous system that plays an important role in memory formation, synaptic plasticity, and the prevention of seizures. However, its accumulation in astrocytes and/or neurons is associated with pathological conditions and aging. Importantly, glycogen accumulation has been reported in the spinal cord of human ALS patients and mouse models. In the present work, using the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS, we show that glycogen accumulates in the spinal cord and brainstem during symptomatic and end stages of the disease and that the accumulated glycogen is associated with reactive astrocytes. To study the contribution of glycogen to ALS progression, we generated SOD1G93A mice with reduced glycogen synthesis (SOD1G93A GShet mice). SOD1G93A GShet mice had a significantly longer life span than SOD1G93A mice and showed lower levels of the astrocytic pro‐inflammatory cytokine Cxcl10, suggesting that the accumulation of glycogen is associated with an inflammatory response. Supporting this, inducing an increase in glycogen synthesis reduced life span in SOD1G93A mice. Altogether, these results suggest that glycogen in reactive astrocytes contributes to neurotoxicity and disease progression in ALS.image
Perspectives on improving blood pressure control to reduce the clinical and economic burden of hypertension
Authors: Mancia G. , Cappuccio F. P. , Burnier M. , Coca A. , Persu A. , Borghi C. , Kreutz R. , Sanner B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe clinical and economic burden of hypertension is high and continues to increase globally. Uncontrolled hypertension has severe but avoidable long‐term consequences, including cardiovascular diseases, which are among the most burdensome and most preventable conditions in Europe. Yet, despite clear guidelines on screening, diagnosis and management of hypertension, a large proportion of patients remain undiagnosed or undertreated. Low adherence and persistence are common, exacerbating the issue of poor blood pressure (BP) control. Although current guidelines provide clear direction, implementation is hampered by barriers at the patient‐, physician‐ and healthcare system levels. Underestimation of the impact of uncontrolled hypertension and limited health literacy lead to low adherence and persistence among patients, treatment inertia among physicians and a lack of decisive healthcare system action. Many options to improve BP control are available or under investigation. Patients would benefit from targeted health education, improved BP measurement, individualized treatment or simplified treatment regimens through single‐pill combinations. For physicians, increasing awareness of the burden of hypertension, as well as offering training on monitoring and optimal management and provision of the necessary time to collaboratively engage with patients would be useful. Healthcare systems should establish nationwide strategies for hypertension screening and management. Furthermore, there is an unmet need to implement more comprehensive BP measurements to optimize management. In conclusion, an integrative, patient‐focused, multimodal multidisciplinary approach to the management of hypertension by clinicians, payers and policymakers, involving patients, is required to achieve long‐term improvements in population health and cost‐efficiency for healthcare systems.
Amiodarone accumulates two cholesterol precursors in myocardium: A controlled clinical study
Authors: Simonen Piia , Lommi Jyri , Lemström Karl , Tolva Johanna , Sinisalo Juha , Gylling Helena 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundAmiodarone is an effective antiarrhythmic drug, which interferes with cholesterol synthesis. In the human body, it inhibits two enzymes in the cholesterol‐synthesis pathway, followed by increases especially in serum desmosterol and zymostenol concentrations and a decrease in that of serum lathosterol.ObjectivesWe explored whether desmosterol and zymostenol accumulate also in myocardial tissue during amiodarone treatment.MethodsThirty‐three patients admitted for cardiac transplantation volunteered for the study. Ten patients were on amiodarone treatment (AD group) and 23 were not (control group). The groups were matched as regards demographic and clinical variables. Myocardial samples were obtained from the removed hearts from 31 patients. Cholesterol, non‐cholesterol sterols and squalene were quantified by means of gas–liquid chromatography.ResultsIn serum and myocardium, desmosterol was 19‐ and 18‐fold higher and zymostenol 4‐ and 2‐fold higher in the AD group versus the control group (p < 0.001 for all). In contrast, myocardial cholesterol, squalene and lathosterol levels were lower in the AD group than in the control group (p < 0.05 for all). Levels of phytosterols and cholestanol were similar in the serum and myocardium in the two groups. Levels of myocardial and serum desmosterol, zymostenol, lathosterol and phytosterols correlated with each other in both groups (p < 0.05 for all).ConclusionAmiodarone treatment caused the accumulation of desmosterol and zymostenol in myocardium. In particular, myocardial desmosterol concentrations were substantially elevated, which may play a part in some of the therapeutic and adverse effects of amiodarone treatment.
LavAtmos: An open‐source chemical equilibrium vaporization code for lava worlds
Authors: van Buchem Christiaan P. A. , Miguel Yamila , Zilinskas Mantas , van Westrenen Wim 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo date, over 500 short‐period rocky planets with equilibrium temperatures above 1500 K have been discovered. Such planets are expected to support magma oceans, providing a direct interface between the interior and the atmosphere. This provides a unique opportunity to gain insight into their interior compositions through atmospheric observations. A key process in doing such work is the vapor outgassing from the lava surface. LavAtmos is an open‐source code that calculates the equilibrium chemical composition of vapor above a dry melt for a given composition and temperature. Results show that the produced output is in good agreement with the partial pressures obtained from experimental laboratory data as well as with other similar codes from literature. LavAtmos allows for the modeling of vaporization of a wide range of different mantle compositions of hot rocky exoplanets. In combination with atmospheric chemistry codes, this enables the characterization of interior compositions through atmospheric signatures.
DNA methylation markers of age(ing) in non‐model animals
Authors: Tangili Marianthi , Slettenhaar Annabel J. , Sudyka Joanna , Dugdale Hannah L. , Pen Ido , Palsbøll Per J. , Verhulst Simon 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInferring the chronological and biological age of individuals is fundamental to population ecology and our understanding of ageing itself, its evolution, and the biological processes that affect or even cause ageing. Epigenetic clocks based on DNA methylation (DNAm) at specific CpG sites show a strong correlation with chronological age in humans, and discrepancies between inferred and actual chronological age predict morbidity and mortality. Recently, a growing number of epigenetic clocks have been developed in non‐model animals and we here review these studies. We also conduct a meta‐analysis to assess the effects of different aspects of experimental protocol on the performance of epigenetic clocks for non‐model animals. Two measures of performance are usually reported, the R2 of the association between the predicted and chronological age, and the mean/median absolute deviation (MAD) of estimated age from chronological age, and we argue that only the MAD reflects accuracy. R2 for epigenetic clocks based on the HorvathMammalMethylChip4 was higher and the MAD scaled to age range lower, compared with other DNAm quantification approaches. Scaled MAD tended to be lower among individuals in captive populations, and decreased with an increasing number of CpG sites. We conclude that epigenetic clocks can predict chronological age with relatively high accuracy, suggesting great potential in ecological epigenetics. We discuss general aspects of epigenetic clocks in the hope of stimulating further DNAm‐based research on ageing, and perhaps more importantly, other key traits.
Candida auris from colonisation to candidemia: A four‐year study
Authors: Mulet Bayona Juan Vicente , Tormo Palop Nuria , Salvador García Carme , Guna Serrano María del Remedio , Gimeno Cardona Concepción 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundCandida auris has become a worrisome multi‐drug resistant healthcare‐associated pathogen due to its capacity to colonise patients and surfaces and to cause outbreaks of invasive infections in critically ill patients.ObjectivesThis study evaluated the outbreak in our setting in a 4‐year period, reporting the risk factors for developing candidemia in previously colonised patients, the therapeutic measures for candidemia and the outcome of candidemia and colonisation cases among all C. auris isolates and their susceptibility to antifungals.MethodsData were retrospectively collected from patients admitted to Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia (Spain) from September 2017 to September 2021. A retrospective case–control study was designed to identify risk factors for developing C. auris candidemia in previously colonised patients.ResultsC. auris affected 550 patients, of which 210 (38.2%) had some clinical sample positive. Isolates were uniformly resistant to fluconazole, 20 isolates were resistant to echinocandins (2.8%) and four isolates were resistant to ampfotericin B (0.6%). There were 86 candidemia cases. APACHE II, digestive disease and catheter isolate were proven to be independent risk factors for developing candidemia in previously colonised patients. Thirty‐day mortality rate for C. auris candidemia cases was 32.6%, while for colonisation cases was 33.7%.ConclusionsCandidemia was one of the most frequent and severe infections caused by C. auris. The risk factors identified in this study should help to detect patients who are at more risk of developing candidemia, as long as an adequate surveillance of C. auris colonisation is performed.
Nonalcoholic liver disease: Epidemiology, risk factors, natural history, and management strategies
Authors: Agyapong George , Dashti Farzaneh , Banini Bubu A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and a leading indication for liver transplantation in the United States. NAFLD encompasses a heterogeneous clinicopathologic spectrum, ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and progressive fibrosis, which can lead to end‐stage liver disease including cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer. Predictive models suggest that over 100 million adults in the United States will have NAFLD by 2030, representing over a third of the population. In this manuscript, we provide an overview of NAFLD risk factors, natural history (including hepatic and extra‐hepatic outcomes), diagnosis, and current management strategies.
Lower ratio of adjacent to injured vertebral bone quality scores can predict augmented vertebrae recompression following percutaneous kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral fractures with intravertebral clefts
Authors: Yu Weibo , Zhang Haiyan , Yao Zhensong , Zhong Yuanming , Jiang Xiaobing , Cai Daozhang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the favorable clinical outcome of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in symptomatic osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) patients with intravertebral clefts (IVCs), previous studies have demonstrated a high incidence of augmented vertebrae recompression (AVR). We aim to evaluate the usefulness of the adjacent and injured vertebral bone quality scores (VBQS) based on T1‐weighted MRI images in AVR after PKP for OVFs with IVCs.MethodsPatients who underwent PKP for single OVFs with IVCs between January 2014 and September 2020 were reviewed and met the inclusion criteria. The follow‐up period was at least 2 years. Relevant data affecting AVR were collected. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to calculate the correlation between the injured and adjacent VBQS and BMD T‐score. We determined independent risk factors and critical values using binary logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC).ResultsA total of 165 patients were included. Recompression group was found in 42 (25.5%) patients. The independent risk factors for AVR were lumbar BMD T‐score (OR = 2.53, p = 0.003), the adjacent VBQS (OR = 0.79, p = 0.016), the injured VBQS (OR = 1.27, p = 0.048), the ratio of adjacent to injured VBQS (OR = 0.32, p < 0.001), and cement distribution pattern. Among these independent significant risk factors, the prediction accuracy of the ratio of adjacent to injured VBQS was the highest (Cutoff = 1.41, AUC = 0.753). Additionally, adjacent and injured VBQS were negatively correlated with lumbar BMD T‐scores.ConclusionFor the patients after PKP treatment for OVFs with IVCs, the ratio of adjacent to injured VBQS had the best prediction accuracy in predicting recompression and when the ratio of adjacent to injured VBQS was <1.41, the augmented vertebrae were more likely to have recompression in the future.
A large‐scale whole‐exome sequencing mutant resource for functional genomics in wheat
Authors: Xiong Hongchun , Guo Huijun , Fu Meiyu , Xie Yongdun , Zhao Linshu , Gu Jiayu , Zhao Shirong , Ding Yuping , Du Qidi , Zhang Jiazi , Qiu Lin , Xie Xiaomei , Zhou Libin , Chen Zhongxu , Liu Luxiang 
Published: July 2023

SummaryHexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum), a major staple crop, has a remarkably large genome of ~14.4 Gb (containing 106 913 high‐confidence [HC] and 159 840 low‐confidence [LC] genes in the Chinese Spring v2.1 reference genome), which poses a major challenge for functional genomics studies. To overcome this hurdle, we performed whole‐exome sequencing to generate a nearly saturated wheat mutant database containing 18 025 209 mutations induced by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), carbon (C)‐ion beams, or γ‐ray mutagenesis. This database contains an average of 47.1 mutations per kb in each gene‐coding sequence: the potential functional mutations were predicted to cover 96.7% of HC genes and 70.5% of LC genes. Comparative analysis of mutations induced by EMS, γ‐rays, or C‐ion beam irradiation revealed that γ‐ray and C‐ion beam mutagenesis induced a more diverse array of variations than EMS, including large‐fragment deletions, small insertions/deletions, and various non‐synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms. As a test case, we combined mutation analysis with phenotypic screening and rapidly mapped the candidate gene responsible for the phenotype of a yellow‐green leaf mutant to a 2.8‐Mb chromosomal region. Furthermore, a proof‐of‐concept reverse genetics study revealed that mutations in gibberellic acid biosynthesis and signalling genes could be associated with negative impacts on plant height. Finally, we built a publically available database of these mutations with the corresponding germplasm (seed stock) repository to facilitate advanced functional genomics studies in wheat for the broad plant research community.
Deflating the hard problem of consciousness by multiplying explanatory gaps
Authors: Sarıhan Işık 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecent philosophy has seen a resurgence of the realist view of sensible qualities such as colour. The view holds that experienced qualities are properties of the objects in the physical environment, not mentally instantiated properties like qualia or merely intentional, illusory ones. Some suggest that this move rids us of the explanatory gap between physical properties and the qualitative features of consciousness. Others say it just relocates the problem of qualities to physical objects in the environment, given that such qualities cannot be derived from the non‐qualitative properties of objects, and it does not resolve the problem of consciousness either. I argue that such an outcome is welcome: if the physical world is full of explanatory gaps, then the mind–body explanatory gap is not so special. Moreover, the explanatory gaps regarding qualities of objects are less puzzling than the brain‐qualia gap. In order to counter the usual worries concerning realism about objective qualities, I introduce ‘imperfect realism’ as an alternative to colour pluralism and complex reductionism, which accommodates realism in the face of widespread perceptual error. I conclude with a discussion of how this ‘multiple‐gaps view’ sits better with a naturalistic framework compared to the Galilean‐Cartesian account of qualities.