bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of sleep loss on pain—New conceptual and mechanistic avenues
Authors: Kourbanova Kamila , Alexandre Chloe , Latremoliere Alban 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionSleep disturbances increase pain sensitivity in clinical and preclinical settings, but the precise mechanisms are unknown. This represents a major public health issue because of the growing sleep deficiency epidemic fueled by modern lifestyle. To understand the neural pathways at the intersection between sleep and pain processes, it is critical to determine the precise nature of the sleep disruptions that increase pain and the specific component of the pain response that is targeted.MethodsWe performed a review of the literature about sleep disturbances and pain sensitivity in humans and rodents by taking into consideration the targeted sleep stage (REMS, non–NREMS, or both), the amount of sleep lost, and the different types of sleep disruptions (partial or total sleep loss, duration, sleep fragmentation or interruptions), and how these differences might affect distinct components of the pain response.ResultsWe find that the effects of sleep disturbances on pain are highly conserved among species. The major driver for pain hypersensitivity appears to be the total amount of sleep lost, while REMS loss by itself does not seem to have a direct effect on pain sensitivity. Sleep loss caused by extended wakefulness preferentially increases pain perception, whereas interrupted and limited sleep strongly dysregulates descending controls such as DNIC, especially in women.DiscussionWe discuss the possible mechanisms involved, including an increase in inflammatory processes, a loss of nociceptive inhibitory pathways, and a defect in the cognitive processing of noxious input.
Application of artificial intelligence models for detecting the pterygium that requires surgical treatment based on anterior segment images
Authors: Gan Fan , Chen Wan-Yun , Liu Hui , Zhong Yu-Lin 
Published: December 2022

Background and aimA pterygium is a common ocular surface disease, which not only affects facial appearance but can also grow into the tissue layer, causing astigmatism and vision loss. In this study, an artificial intelligence model was developed for detecting the pterygium that requires surgical treatment. The model was designed using ensemble deep learning (DL).MethodsA total of 172 anterior segment images of pterygia were obtained from the Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital (China) between 2017 and 2022. They were divided by a senior ophthalmologist into the non-surgery group and the surgery group. An artificial intelligence model was then developed based on ensemble DL, which was integrated with four benchmark models: the Resnet18, Alexnet, Googlenet, and Vgg11 model, for detecting the pterygium that requires surgical treatment, and Grad-CAM was used to visualize the DL process. Finally, the performance of the ensemble DL model was compared with the classical Resnet18 model, Alexnet model, Googlenet model, and Vgg11 model.ResultsThe accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) of the ensemble DL model was higher than all of the other models. In the training set, the accuracy and AUC of the ensemble model was 94.20% and 0.978, respectively. In the testing set, the accuracy and AUC of the ensemble model was 94.12% and 0.980, respectively.ConclusionThis study indicates that this ensemble DL model, coupled with the anterior segment images in our study, might be an automated and cost-saving alternative for detection of the pterygia that require surgery.
An all metasurface-based fiber needle probe for Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Shuyan , Bi Renzhe , Zhang Ruochong , Qi Yi , Salim Rasyiqah Bte Shaik Mohamed , Olivo Malini 
Published: December 2022

Optical fiber-based spectroscopy sensors are widely used for industrial and biomedical applications. They normally consist of at least one excitation fiber and one collection fiber. However, the excitation and collection fibers are placed side by side, so the focal spots do not coincide. In addition, Raman probes whose excitation and emission span a wide wavelength range are limited by wavelength-dependent focal length variation, low sensitivity, and bulky size impeding their clinical adoption. To overcome the challenges, we propose an all metasurface integrated fiber solution. The metasurface technology is well suited for this application because it relies on specially designed nanostructures to manipulate light properties in an ultrathin footprint. Here we used our earlier demonstrated dual-wavelength excitation Raman probe as an example. The two excitation fibers at 671 nm and 785 nm feature a hybrid metasurface lens (metalens) including a narrow band pass filter and an off-axis focusing metalens. The collection fiber at 810—910 nm features an achromatic broadband on-axis focusing metalens. Simulation results show that by integrating the metalenses, the focal spots of the excitation beams and the collection beam coincide with a beam size of 4.6 µm, 4.6 µm, and 11.3 µm in the x-, y-, and z-axis, respectively. Moreover, the probe size shrinks by 100 times and becomes a needle probe. The needle probe will enable new applications such as small animal in vivo experiments, medical endoscopy experiments, and neonatal skin analysis for hard-to-reach areas. Furthermore, the proposed solution can be applied to work with any optical fiber-based spectroscopy sensors because the designs can be readily fabricated and put into practical use.
At the roots of attribution of human rights to migrants
Authors: Albarello Flavia , Rubini Monica 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionThis study (N = 141, Mage = 20.15) aimed at deepening knowledge on the factors that can lead young adults to deny the inalienability of human rights to migrants by examining whether, under realistic and symbolic intergroup threat (versus no-threat), the denial of human rights to migrants increases. In doing so, the role of fraternalistic relative deprivation in mediating this relation was examined. Also, two potential positive factors were considered: in-depth exploration of personal identity in the educational domain and identification with the human group. Intergroup threat was expected to enhance perceived relative deprivation, thus reducing the attribution of human rights to migrants. Such relation was expected to be mediated by those factors expressing complex views of self and others (in-depth exploration of identity in the educational domain and identification with the human group).MethodRealistic and symbolic threat were experimentally manipulated through a written scenario. In the no-threat condition, no scenario was presented.ResultsShowed significant effects of intergroup threat on the attribution of human rights to migrants, on perceived fraternalistic relative deprivation, on in-depth exploration of identity in the educational domain and identification with the human group. More specifically, intergroup realistic threat, but not symbolic threat, reduced the attribution of human rights to migrants and identification with the human group. Symbolic threat, but not realistic threat, increased the perception of fraternalistic relative deprivation, whereas both realistic and symbolic threat reduced in-depth exploration of identity in the educational domain, and identification with the human group. As shown by the sequential mediation analysis, and as expected, the effect of intergroup threat in reducing attribution of human rights to migrants was mediated by in-depth exploration of identity in the educational domain, identification with the human group, and fraternalistic relative deprivation. Implications of findings concerning the processes underlying identification with the human group and its beneficial effects in terms of humanization of a stigmatized outgroup were highlighted by stressing the intertwined nature of personal identity and social identity processes. The importance of complex views of self and others in helping to create inclusive generations of adults was also highlighted.
Awareness of meaning and quest for meaning: The mechanisms between future orientation and prosociality among youth during pandemic
Authors: Lui Wai-Kin , Chan Chi-Keung , Ng Kai-Hang , Chui Chi-Fai Raymond , Siu Nicolson Yat-Fan , Yung Chui-Shan , Lau Ka-Wing 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionThe positive relationship between future orientation and prosocial tendency has been consistently reported. However, the possible mechanism has not been examined yet. Previous research revealed the positive relationship between future orientation and meaning in life, as well as between meaning in life and prosocial tendency. Hence, it is hypothesized that the two components of meaning in life (presence of meaning and search for meaning) possibly mediate the relationship between future orientation and prosocial tendency.MethodsDuring the first half of 2020, 430 Hong Kong youths aged 15–35 (male: 30.5%; female: 69.5%) were recruited to participate an online cross-sectional survey. The survey included three scales: (1) The Scale for Measuring Adult’s Prosocialness, (2) Consideration of Future Consequence Scale, and (3) Meaning in Life Questionnaire.ResultsThe key findings showed that: (1) females had higher level of prosocial tendency than males, and (2) significant partial mediating effects of both presence of meaning and search for meaning on the relationship between future orientation and prosocial tendency. Nevertheless, the multi-group mediation model did not show significant gender difference.DiscussionThese findings implied that future-oriented and meaning-focused interventions could possibly enhance youth’s sense of meaning in everyday life and foster their meaning searching tendency, which further strengthen the positive effect of their future orientation on prosocial tendency, even during life adversities.
Research on the formation mechanism of information cocoon and individual differences among researchers based on information ecology theory
Authors: Yuan Xiaofang , Wang Chunyun 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionChoosing to only retrieve and read academic information related to their own research field is conducive to researchers’ in-depth understanding of their own research issues, and also reduces the pressure of researchers’ information retrieval, but may bring about the effect of information cocoon.MethodsBased on the information ecology theory, a theoretical model is built from the aspects of information people, information, information environment and information technology, and relevant data is collected through questionnaires to verify assumptions. To explore the formation path of information cocoon for scientific researchers and the differences between different types of scientific researchers. ResultsDifferent gender, education background, identity, age and team size of scientific researchers will lead to different dimensions in the process of producing information cocoon; Community influence, information homogeneity and value identification are important factors influencing the formation of information cocoon room for scientific researchers; Community influence and information homogeneity positively affect value identification. DiscussionIn the future research work, researchers should pay attention to the influence of information homogeneity, community influence and value identification.
Women’s experiences of heavy menstrual bleeding and medical treatment: a qualitative study in primary care
Authors: Dutton Brittany , Kai Joe 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundHeavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is common and can affect women’s lives. Evidence on women’s experiences and their treatment of this problem after seeking primary care is lacking.AimTo explore women’s experiences of HMB and their medical treatment up to 10 years after initial management in general practice.Design and settingThis was a qualitative study in UK primary care.MethodSemistructured interviews with a purposeful sample of 36 women who had participated in the ECLIPSE trial of medical treatments for HMB in primary care (levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system or other usual medical treatments — oral tranexamic acid, mefenamic acid, combined oestrogen–progestogen; or progesterone alone). Data were analysed thematically and a process of respondent validation was undertaken.ResultsWomen reported the wide-ranging and debilitating impact of HMB on their lives. They had often normalised their experience underlining persisting societal taboos about menstruation and reflecting low general awareness of HMB as treatable. Women commonly delayed seeking help for several years. They could then be frustrated by lack of a medical explanation for HMB. Women who had pathology identified felt able to make better sense of their HMB. Experiences of medical treatments varied considerably but were strongly influenced by the perceived quality of healthcare interactions with clinicians. Other influences on women’s treatment included considerations for their fertility, health concerns, family and peers, and views when approaching menopause.ConclusionClinicians should be aware of the considerable challenges faced by women with HMB; widely differing experiences of, and influences on, their treatment; and the value of patient-centred communication in this context.
A atuação argumentativa do enunciador em dois sermões de Vieira
Authors: Assad Alvares Claudia , Lino Pauliukonis Maria Aparecida 
Published: December 2022

RESUMO: Neste artigo, considera-se a argumentação como uma atividade linguístico-discursiva realizada em determinada situação, com finalidade persuasiva do sujeito enunciador sobre o outro na interação Objetiva-se demonstrar, pela análise qualitativa de dois sermões de Vieira – Sermões XIV e XXVII-, como se dá a mise-en-scène do enunciador perante seu público destinatário, com o fim de levá-lo à aceitação de teses apresentadas. A fundamentação teórica relaciona-se com os princípios de teorias do discurso, entre elas a Semiolinguística (CHARAUDEAU, 2008), que defende a relação entre forma e sentido subsequente, relacionando-os com teorias da enunciação. Serão observadas as condições situacionais à época dos Sermões, comparando-as com a noção atual de de(s)colonização dos discursos relacionados às populações afrodescendentes. Considerações históricas a respeito do contexto situacional são importantes pois, segundo a Teoria Semiolinguística, há íntima relação entre o uso da língua, o contrato comunicativo, os dados situacionais e a performance argumentativa dos enunciadores no discurso.

Palavras- chave: Discurso argumentativo. Contrato comunicativo. Contexto social. Ação e influência
Affordances of digital technology for English pronunciation teaching
Authors: Silveira Rosane , Zanchet Crystoffer E. , Hinchingr Pereira Manuella 
Published: December 2022

This study examines the view of Brazilian teachers of English on the affordances of digital technology to teach pronunciation. An online survey was conducted with a group of 42 in-service teachers. All of them held an undergraduate degree from an English Teacher education program. The participants completed a background questionnaire that also included questions that aimed at identifying: (a) what the participants recognize as relevant digital resources for pronunciation teaching and learning; (b) the role played by digital resources in their pronunciation teaching practices, and (c) their perspectives on the affordances and limitations of digital resources for pronunciation teaching. The results bring insights about the affordances of digital technology for pronunciation teaching and about gaps in teacher education regarding pronunciation teaching aided by digital resources.
Keywords: pronunciation teaching. digital technologies. teacher education. English teaching.
2020-2021 Kış Sezonunda SARS-COV-2 ve Diğer Solunumsal Virüslerin Sürveyansı
Authors: BAKIR Ayşe Betül , ZEYBEK Hasan , TOPTAN Hande , KÖROĞLU Mehmet , ALTINDİŞ Mustafa 
Published: December 2022

Amaç: Küresel COVID-19 salgını ve yeni varyantlar toplumu ciddi anlamda tehdit etmeye devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada; Sakarya ilinde 2020-2021 kış sezonunda solunum yolu örneklerinde SARS CoV-2 ve diğer solunumsal virüslerin sürveyansının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Çalışma 2020-2021 arası Sakarya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi'nde saklanmış solunum yolu örneklerinden (Nasofarengeal sürüntü) gerçekleştirildi. Hastaların demografik bilgileri hastane kayıtlarından elde edildi. Çalışmaya alınan klinik örnekler Bio-Speedy® vNAT® transfer tüpü (Bioeksen, Türkiye) içerisinde muhafaza edilmiş ve üretici talimatları gereği herhangi bir ekstraksiyon işlemi yapılmamıştır. Sürüntü örneklerinden SARS CoV-2, Influenza A/B ve RSV nükleik asit varlığı gerçek zamanlı mültipleks Polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (mRT-PCR) ile gerçekleştirildi. Tüm analizler Diagnovital Influenza A/B, SARS CoV-2, RSV multiplex Real Time PCR amplifikasyon kiti kullanarak BIO-RAD CFX-96 C1000 Touch Real-time system cihazında kaydedildi.
Bulgular: ÜSYE/ASYE tanısı alan 200 hastanın %54,5 erkek, %45,5 kadındır. En sık saptanan klinik semptomlar; boğaz ağrısı %74, öksürük %73,5, halsizlik %71, ateş %57, burun akıntısı %56, baş ağrısı %48,5, hapşırık %41,5, koku/tat kaybı %39,5, ishal %36, nefes darlığı %31,5 ve miyalji %23,5 olarak tespit edildi. Örneklerin PCR pozitiflik oranları sırasıyla SARS COV-2 için %28,5 RSV %1,5 olarak analiz edildi. Çalışmada Influenza A/B için PCR pozitifliği tanımlanmadı. Hastalarda PCR sonuçları ve COVID-19 semptomları arasındaki istatistiksel anlamlılık dikkate alındığında; sırasıyla nefes darlığı (n=63), ateş (n= 62) ve hapşırık (n=56) semptomları istatiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p
دور التشريــــــع فـــــي تســــهيل بيئـــة الاستثــــمار ( العراق انموذجاً)
Authors: صالح عمر حماد , اللهيبي علي احمد 
Published: December 2022

تُساهم التشريعات في تسهيل عملية استقطاب الاستثمارات إلى الدولة ،بالاضافة إلى أهمية تعزيز البيئة الاستثمارية، بما يسهم في تشجيع ممارسة الأعمال في جميع المجالات الاقتصادية، وترسيخ موقع الدولة على خريطة الوجهات المفضلة للاستثمار على الصعيدين الإقليمي والعالمي.مع رؤية الدولة واستراتيجيةالتوجه نحو قطاعات الاقتصاد الواعدة، بما يؤدي إلى نمو شامل في القطاعات كافة على مستوى اقتصاد الدولة،لأهمية التكامل والتعاون بين جميع المؤسسات والدوائر الحكومية والخاصة.
ومن شأن العوامل المحفزة للاستثمار، دعم بيئة الإعمال من ناحية مرونة التشريعات الاستثمارية، وتسهيل عملية تأسيس الأعمال والبيئة التنظيمية المواتية، وما توفره من بنية تحتية متينة تجعل منها بوابة للمستثمرين إلى الأسواق الإقليمية العالمية، فضلاً عن القدرة المالية التي تمكنها من الاستمرار في ضخ الأموال على المشاريع التطويرية. كما إن من شأن حزمة التشريعات الحكومية وخاصة المتعلقة بالاستثمار ترسيخ موقع الدولة في خريطة الوجهات المفضلة للاستثمار على الصعيد العالمي؛ حيث تحتل الدولة مكانة بارزة جاذبة للاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر، لاسيما إن القوانين والتشريعات المنظمة للاستثمار تُشرع الباب أمام المستثمرين العالميين، لتملك كامل لمشاريعهم في قطاعات محددة وفقاً لشروط يحددها القانون.
الحماية الجنائية للمقابر الجماعية في ظل احكام القانون الدولي الانساني
Authors: الغراوي فاضل عبد الزهرة 
Published: December 2022

أن لجرائم الابادة الجماعية والجرائم ضد الإنسانية معنى متميز من حيث أنها اعتداءات مقيتة تحديداً تشكل اعتداء خطيراً على الكرامة الإنسانية أو أنها تشكل إذلالاً جسيماً أو حطاً بكرامة فرد بشري أو أكثر وهي ليست حوادث معزولة ومتفرقة .
أن جريمة المقابر الجماعية باعتبارها جريمة ابادة جماعية تعد جريمة قتل جماعي لمجموعة من البشر تتم على أساس تمييزي بقصد فنائهم الكلي كعرق أو شعب أو مجموعة مميزة مستقلة حضاريا أو ثقافيا أو لغويا أو دينيا أو لأي سبب يميزهم من البشر، وهذا ما حصل بالنسبة لجريمة المقابر الجماعية في العراق. وقد لاحظنا إن هناك ارتباط وثيق بين جريمة القتل والإبادة ، فقد أشارت لجنة القانون الدولي في تعليقها على جريمة الإبادة كأحد الأفعال اللانسانية في سياق تعريفها للجرائم ضد الإنسانية المخلة بسلم البشرية وأمنها إلى هذا الارتباط وان أهم مايميزهما عن بعضهما اتجاه جريمة الإبادة بطبيعتها ضد مجموعة من الأفراد حيث يتضمن الفعل المرتكب لقيام الجريمة عنصر التدمير الجماعي والموجود في جريمة المقابر الجماعية الذي لا تتطلبه جريمة القتل العمد.
وبالنسبة للتطبيق القانون الدولي الإنساني في العراق ، فان العراق وعلى الرغم من مصادقته على العديد من اتفاقيات القانون الدولي الإنساني، وسواء كانت النزاعات التي حصلت في العراق في وقت الحرب أم في وقت السلم ، فإنّ نظام الحكم السابق قد تجاوز اتفاقيات القانون الدولي الإنساني كافة بالأفعال التي ارتكبها بحق أبناء شعبه ومنها فعل القتل أو الإبادة الجماعية المتمثلة بآلاف المقابر الجماعية، مما يشكل فعلاً قانونياً يتوجب العقاب والمحاسبة لأن الدولة العراقية حينما أقرت بهذه الحقوق والتزمت بالمعاهدات الحامية لها ووقعت على الإعلان العالمي لحقوق الإنسان، فأنّه وجب محاسبة الدولة العراقية ومسألة النظام عن الانتهاكات ضد هذه الحقوق وعن عدم الالتزام بنصوصها، ووجوب قيام المسؤولية القانونية عن هذه المخالفات التي ثبت وقوعها ضد الحقوق الأساسية للإنسان في العراق، ومن ذلك حقه في الحياة والأمن والإقامة والحرية في التنقل وعدم إجباره على ترك مسكنه وسلبه لممتلكاته ونقله قسراً إلى أماكن نائية في العراق بعيداً عن محل أقامته المعتاد وعدم إعطاء الحرية له للعودة الطوعية الآمنة، إذ لا يكفي أن توافق الدولة على المعاهدات أو الإعلان أو العهود الدولية وإنما يجب احترمها والخضوع للمسؤولية عند مخالفتها، ولا يمكن التذرع بمبدأ السيادة الوطنية أو مسالة التدخل بالشؤون الداخلية للدولة للتخلص من الالتزامات الدولية .
محاربة جريمة تزوير المعلومات في ضوء القوانين المقارنة
Authors: Wahaib Moshtaq Talib 
Published: December 2022

قد لا تكون التشريعات والاستراتيجيات التنظيمية كافية في اغلب الأحيان لحماية المعلومات. الوسائل التقنية ليست كافية أيضًا في منع المخاطر التي تهدد المعلومات مهما كانت فعاليتها. وبالتالي ، فإن الحماية عبارة عن هيكل معقد يتكون من قانون واستراتيجية تنظيمية وتكنولوجيا. لقد أبرز الاستخدام المتزايد لأنظمة المعلومات الحاسوبية والاعتماد عليها الحاجة إلى إدارة جيدة لنظام المعلومات. يمكن أن يكون للرقابة التشريعية تأثير إيجابي على هذا النظام من خلال توفير الردع وزيادة الوعي العام للمستخدمين حول المشكلة.
وبالتالي ، فإن المطلوب هو البحث عن الوسائل التشريعية في الوقت الذي تكون فيه المعركة أكثر فعالية ضد هذا النوع من الإجرام ، وخلق بيئة آمنة وتنظيمها وفق التشريعات التي توفر قدراً مقبولاً من حماية المعلومات المتداولة في نطاق المجتمع التكنولوجي من خلال إجراء دراسة مقارنة لبعض التشريعات من أجل إنشاء أرضية مشتركة إذا أردنا إيجاد معركة تشريعية فعالة.
Combining quantitative and qualitative analysis for scoring pleural line in lung ultrasound
Authors: Xing Wenyu , He Chao , Ma Yebo , Liu Yiman , Li Qingli , Li Wenfang , Chen Jiangang , Ta Dean 
Published: December 2022

<p> Accurate assessment of pleural line is crucial for the application of lung ultrasound (LUS) in monitoring lung diseases, thereby aim of this study is to develop a quantitative analysis method of pleural line. At first, the novel cascaded deep learning model based on convolution and multilayer perceptron was proposed to locate and segment the pleural line in LUS images, whose results were applied for quantitative analysis of textural and morphological features, respectively. By using gray-level co-occurrence matrix and self-designed statistical methods, eight textural and three morphological features were generated to characterize the pleural lines. Furthermore, the machine learning-based classifiers were employed to evaluate the lesion degree of pleural line in LUS images. We prospectively evaluated 5390 LUS images acquired from 31 pneumonia patients. Experimental results demonstrated that the extraction and assessment effect has reached 0.87 (<em>i.e.</em>, Dice) and 94.47% (<em>i.e.</em>, Accuracy), respectively, and the comparison with previous methods found statistical significance (<em>P</em><0.001 for all). Thus, the proposed method has great application potential for assessment of pleural line on LUS images and aid lung disease diagnosis and treatment. </p>