bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Searching for TeV Dark Matter in Irregular Dwarf Galaxies with HAWC Observatory
Authors: Alfaro R. , Alvarez C. , Arteaga-Velázquez J. C. , Rojas D. Avila , Solares H. A. Ayala , Babu R. , Belmont-Moreno E. , Caballero-Mora K. S. , Capistrán T. , Carramiñana A. , Casanova S. , Chaparro-Amaro O. , Cotti U. , Cotzomi J. , De la Fuente E. , Diaz Hernandez R. , Dingus B. L. , DuVernois M. A. , Durocher M. , Díaz-Vélez J. C. , Espinoza C. , Fan K. L. , Fraija N. , García-González J. A. , Garfias F. , González M. M. , Harding J. P. , Hernández-Cadena S. , Huang D. , Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F. , Iriarte A. , Joshi V. , Kaufmann S. , Kieda D. , Lee J. , Vargas H. León , Linnemann J. T. , Longinotti A. L. , Luis-Raya G. , Malone K. , Martinez O. , Martínez-Castro J. , Matthews J. A. , Moreno E. , Mostafá M. , Nayerhoda A. , Nellen L. , Omodei N. , Araujo Y. Pérez , Pérez-Pérez E. G. , Rho C. D. , Rosa-González D. , Salazar H. , Salazar-Gallegos D. , Sandoval A. , Serna-Franco J. , Son Y. , Springer R. W. , Tibolla O. , Tollefson K. , Torres I. , Torres-Escobedo R. , Turner R. , Ureña-Mena F. , Villaseñor L. , Wang X. , Willox E. , Zhou H. , de León C. ,   The HAWC Collaboration, Gammaldi V. , Karukes E. , Salucci P. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present the results of dark matter (DM) searches in a sample of 31 dwarf irregular (dIrr) galaxies within the field of view of the HAWC Observatory. dIrr galaxies are DM-dominated objects in which astrophysical gamma-ray emission is estimated to be negligible with respect to the secondary gamma-ray flux expected by annihilation or decay of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). While we do not see any statistically significant DM signal in dIrr galaxies, we present the exclusion limits (95% C.L.) for annihilation cross section and decay lifetime for WIMP candidates with masses between 1 and 100 TeV. Exclusion limits from dIrr galaxies are relevant and complementary to benchmark dwarf Spheroidal (dSph) galaxies. In fact, dIrr galaxies are targets kinematically different from benchmark dSph, preserving the footprints of different evolution histories. We compare the limits from dIrr galaxies to those from ultrafaint and classical dSph galaxies previously observed with HAWC. We find that the constraints are comparable to the limits from classical dSph galaxies and ∼2 orders of magnitude weaker than the ultrafaint dSph limits.
A Study of the Pulsation Properties of 57 Non-Blazhko Ab-type RR Lyrae Stars with Homogeneous Metallicities from the LAMOST–Kepler/K2 Survey
Authors: Zong Peng , Fu Jian-Ning , Wang Jiaxin , Cang Tian-Qi , Wang HaoTian , Ma Xiao-Yu , Zong Weikai 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Homogeneous metallicities and continuous high-precision light curves play key roles in studying the pulsation properties of RR Lyrae stars. By cross matching LAMOST DR6 with the Kepler and K2 fields, we have determined seven and 50 non-Blazhko RRab stars, respectively, that have homogeneous metallicities determined from low-resolution spectra of the LAMOST–Kepler/K2 survey. The Fourier decomposition method is applied to the light curves of these stars provided by the Kepler space-based telescope to determine the fundamental pulsation periods and parameters. The calculated amplitude ratios of R
21, R
31 and the phase differences of ϕ
21, ϕ
31 are consistent with the parameters of RRab stars in both globular clusters and the Large Magellanic Cloud. We find a linear relationship between the phase differences ϕ
21 and ϕ
31, which is in good agreement with the results in the literature. As far as the amplitude, we find that the amplitude of primary frequency A
1 and the total amplitude A
tot follow either a cubic or linear relationship. For the rise time, we do not find its relevance with the period of the fundamental pulsation mode P1, or A
tot and ϕ
21. However, it might follow a linear relationship with R
31. Based on the homogeneous metallicities, we have derived a new calibration formula for the period–ϕ
31–[Fe/H] relation, which agrees well with previous studies.
Popular Culture as Pedagogy : Teaching “Il Canto di Ulisse” from Dante to Jovanotti in the American College Classroom
Authors: Caporale Marzia 
Published: March 2023

This article explores the challenges of teaching Dante’s Divine Comedy to contemporary American college students. In particular, the study addresses the role of subtext that the “Canto di Ulisse” plays to rap-pop artist Jovanotti’s song “Bruto” (Album : Buon Sangue, 2005) and to director Emanuele Crialese’s film Terraferma (2011). It further argues that the gap between “high” and “low” culture can be bridged by adopting alternative pedagogical tools (e.g., blogging, Twitter) to be used in the classroom.
L’evoluzione delle parodie dantesche disneyane e delle riedizioni dell’Inferno di Topolino : uno specchio dei tempi
Authors: Manetti Roberta 
Published: March 2023

Si ripercorrono le non molte parodie dantesche della Disney italiana, mettendone in relazione modalità e intenti coi tempi in cui sono state per la prima volta pubblicate ; della più articolata e interessante, L’inferno di Topolino, si confrontano le edizioni dal 1949 al 2021 con riguardo alla filologia testuale, aspetto poco curato in quasi tutte le edizioni, comprese quelle del centenario dantesco.
Heart Rate Variability Among Healthy Untrained Adults During Mild Intensity Stationary Cycling Exercise
Authors: Malhotra Varun , Thakare Avinash E. , Hulke Sandeep M. , Javed Danish , Dixit Ashish K. , Wakode Santosh L. , Cidral Francisco 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Stationary cycling is the popular, preferred, and convenient form of exercise. During exercise, autonomic modulation is seen which can be assessed by heart rate variability (HRV). The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in HRV during mild-intensity cycling exercise.

Materials and Methods:
An observational cross-sectional study was done on 20 healthy male volunteers with the age (35.44 ± 4.12), height (71.12 ± 11.98), and weight (161.23 ± 11.65), BMI (27.12 ± 3.49) attending various YOGA sessions in AYUSH OPD. Volunteers underwent an exercise program at the mild intensity of 30% to 50% of maximal heart rate on a stationary cycle for 20 min. HRV was recorded by the HRV mobile unit Dynamika Machine at rest, every 5 min (4×) over 20 min and during the recovery period. Repeated measures of analysis of variance with post-hoc analysis with Bonferroni and Holm's multiple comparisons.

Results:
Significant change was observed in mean heart rate and time domain parameters. Frequency domain parameters that showed significant change were total power, High Frequency- HF (ms2), Very Low Frequency -VLF (ms2), Low Frequency -LF (ms2), and Very Low Frequency %-VLF (%).

Conclusions:
The HRV parameters conclusively point towards cardiac parasympathetic withdrawal and sympathetic dominance at the initiation of exercise. With the progression of exercise, the sympathetic influence is retained. In the recovery period parasympathetic reactivation gains control over heart rate as well as HRV. The HRV response to exercise challenges may be helpful in designing exercise programs based on variations in the autonomic response.
Interleukin 1β as an inflammatory biomarker in Egyptian children with Familial Mediterranean Fever
Authors: Abdelnabi Hend H. , Ashaat Engy A. , Baiomy Nivin , Sokkar Mona F. , Hamed Khaled , Ashaat Neveen A. , El-Bassyouni Hala T. , Dawoud Heba S. 
Published: March 2023

Background
The most common hereditary autoinflammatory disease is the familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). The aim of the current study was to estimate the serum level of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in FMF children and compare them with healthy controls in correlation to other disease inflammatory markers.

Patients and methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 Egyptian FMF children and 40 healthy controls with matching age and sex. Mutational analysis has been performed for all patients. Blood samples were collected from the newly diagnosed FMF children and controls to estimate IL-1β quantitatively by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 9.89 years. There were 21 (52.5%) males and 19 (47.5%) females. There was statistically significant increase (P=0.001) in the IL-1β of patients (1442.59±749.24 pg/l) compared with controls (85.63±58.02 pg/l) and significantly correlated with the serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein levels. The best cutoff of serum IL-1β level to predict the disease activity was more than or equal to 775 pg/l with a sensitivity of 90%, a specificity of 86%, and an accuracy of 89%.

Conclusions
Mutations in the MEFV gene can result in uncontrolled production of IL-1β and an exaggerated inflammatory response. This study highlights the importance of IL-1β as an inflammatory biomarker in FMF children.
Immunoglobulin E-mediated allergies among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: El-Hawary Amany K. , Mosaad Youssef M. , Ibrahim Ibrahim M. , Osman Engy 
Published: March 2023

Background
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy belong to the most common diseases in the pediatric population, in which they are caused by multifactorial causes. Growing evidence proposes that there is a change in Th1/Th2 balance, and subsequently their associated cytokine response, which is essential during the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders such as T1DM.

Aim
To assess clinical characteristics and subsequently risk factors potentiating the IgE-mediated allergy among Egyptian children with T1DM and also to assess serum level of interleukin 5 (IL5) among them.

Patients and methods
An interviewer-administrated questionnaire was designed to take history of allergy in diabetic children who come to the outpatient clinic fulfilling inclusion criteria and used to collect data. The age range was 5–17 years, with at least 2 years duration of T1DM. Skin prick testing was performed for all diabetic children with history of allergy. Patients were divided into allergic diabetic group (45 patients) and nonallergic diabetic group (45 patients). Laboratory assessment of serum total IgE, IL5, and eosinophils% was carried out.

Results
Among the 45 allergic diabetic group, 82% were asthmatic cases, 40% of them have allergic rhinitis, and 30% of them have skin allergy. Skin test results showed that allergy to house dust mite showed the highest percentage among the diabetic allergic group (51.1%). The allergic diabetic group showed significantly higher levels of IL5, total IgE, and eosinophils than nonallergic diabetic group (Z=8.13, P<0.001; Z=7.18, P<0.001; and Z=8.02, P<0.001).

Conclusion
Bronchial asthma is considered the most common type of IgE-mediated allergy that may occur in children with T1DM. Developing IgE allergy in T1DM is dependent on the increased levels of IL5. IL5 was an independent predictor of developing asthma, allergic rhinitis, and skin allergy among our studied cases.
Do type 1 diabetic children have echocardiographic signs of subclinical cardiac dysfunction?
Authors: Safar Heba , Magdy Remon 
Published: March 2023

Background
Diabetes mellitus is a major illness in which cardiac problems play a significant role in patient mortality.

Objectives
We aimed to evaluate whether children with diabetes mellitus type 1 have early echocardiographic signs of subclinical cardiac dysfunction and whether their sex, metabolic control, and duration of diabetes have an effect.

Patients and methods
A case–control study was performed from January 2022 to November 2022 that included 29 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes aged from 4 to 15 years. A control group of 15 healthy children was also included. They were recruited from the pediatric endocrinology clinic, Al-Fayoum University Children’s Hospital, Al-Fayoum University, Egypt. Conventional echocardiographic study and tissue Doppler imaging measurements were done.

Results
With glycated hemoglobin levels less than 7%, the study group of diabetic children had inadequate glycemic control. There was a statistically significant low mean of fractional shortening and high mean of left ventricular septal wall thickness in diastole among diabetic children in comparison with controls, with P values of 0.04 and 0.038, respectively, but still within normal range.

Conclusion
Children with diabetes have poor glycemic control and scanty echocardiographic evidence of subclinical cardiac dysfunctions. According to the study, cardiac dysfunction in children with diabetes is uncommon. For the early identification of any potential cardiac dysfunctions, distant periodic cardiac examination using both conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography is advised.
Pediatric electroencephalography
Authors: Khalil Mona 
Published: March 2023

Background
Routine electroencephalography (EEG) is a widely used test in children for the evaluation of many neurological conditions. It is specifically important in the diagnosis of epilepsy and the differentiation of epilepsy from nonepileptic events.

Aim
This study aimed to evaluate the current situation of EEG recording at Alexandria University Children’s Hospital.

Patients and methods
All patients who had a routine EEG recording during a period of 6 months were included in the study. Review of the records was done including personal data, place and indication of referral, and initial diagnosis. EEG data included condition during recording, activation procedures, EEG interpretation regarding background activity, presence or absence of epileptiform activity, type and origin of epileptiform discharges, and the final yield of EEG.

Results
The study included 570 children, comprising 336 males and 234 females, with a mean age of 5.5±4.1 years. The main indication for referral was epilepsy in 69.8%. Most of the cases (83.3%) had an awake recording. Photic stimulation and hyperventilation were done in 93.3 and 31.9%, respectively, and abnormal response to hyperventilation was observed in 9.9% of them. Ictal recording was done in 22 (3.8%) cases. Abnormal epileptiform discharges were detected in 173 (30.4%) of the studied children; of them, 162 cases were initially referred for established epilepsy and 11 cases for other reasons. The abnormality was generalized in 53.8% and focal in 46.2% of the cases. The commonest types of epileptiform discharges were spikes (65.9%) followed by spike-and-wave complexes (56.1%). Hypsarrhythmia, 3-Hz spike-and-wave complexes, and nonconvulsive status epilepticus were detected in 12.7, 10.4, and 2.9%, respectively. Phase reversal, sharp waves, and polyspikes were detected in 15.6, 5.2, and 2.3%, respectively.

Conclusion
Routine EEG is a valuable test for evaluation of seizures and epilepsy. Specific abnormal epileptiform discharges are diagnostic for certain epileptic syndromes. EEG finding may be normal in children with epilepsy and should be interpreted in the context of the clinical settings.
Pharmacological treatment of strabismus in children
Authors: Zedan Rasha , Badr Ranya , Khazbak Lobna , Salah Mohamed 
Published: March 2023

Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the change in alignment following a fixed dose of bupivacaine (BPX) and/or botulinum A toxin (BTXA) injection into the extraocular muscles in children with concomitant horizontal strabismus.

Patients and methods
This prospective interventional study was conducted on 76 children aged 2–14 years with concomitant horizontal strabismus. They were divided into three groups. In group A (20 cases) with angle of strabismus less than 16 prism diopters (PD), BPX 0.75% was injected into the agonist muscle of each eye. In group B (23 patients) with angle of 16–30 PD, BTXA 5 U was injected into the antagonist muscle of each eye. In group C (33 patients) with angle greater than 30 PD, BPX 0.75% and BTXA 5 U were injected into the agonist and antagonist muscles of each eye, respectively. Ocular motility and alignment were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively.

Results
In group A, 11 (55%) patients were orthotropic, six (30%) had residual esotropia (ET), and three (15%) had residual exotropia (XT). The mean preinjection angle was 13.55±2.56 PD, and the postinjection angle was 8.45±6.13 PD (P=0.001). In group B, eight (34.8%) patients were orthotropic, two (8.7%) had residual ET, and 13 (56.5%) had residual XT. The mean preinjection angle was 28.0±3.28 PD, and the mean postinjection angle was 15.25±10.79 PD (P<0.001). In group C, 10 (30.3%) patients were orthotropic, 14 (42.2%) had residual ET, and nine (27.2%) had residual XT. The mean preinjection angle was 52.50±14.03 PD, and the mean postinjection angle was 24.75±21.32 PD (P<0.001).

Conclusion
Pharmacological treatment resulted in clinically significant correction of concomitant horizontal strabismus in children and may be used as an alternative to surgery.
Irreversible visual loss in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Fattah Maaly A.M. Abdel , Kafaji Mustafa M. 
Published: March 2023

Background
Data on visual loss have been collected in various regions of Saudi Arabia. However, we lack data representing a wide range of different populations or reflecting changes since the first study in Saudi Arabia in 1986.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine the causes of uncorrected visual impairment and blindness in the Saudi population as presented by countrywide referrals to King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSH&RC).

Patients and methods
This is a prospective descriptive study on all patients of all ages attending the eye clinic in KFSH&RC or referred to the Ophthalmic Consult Service with WHO definitions of visual impairment [visual acuity (VA)=20/60 or visual field (VF) <20°] and blindness (VA=20/400 or VF<10°). Best-corrected visual acuity, age, sex, and causes of visual loss were tabulated. The included patients were divided into five groups: unilateral impairment (UI), bilateral impairment (BI), unilateral blindness (UB), bilateral blindness (BB), and one impaired eye with one blind eye (BIB).

Results
There were 197 patients attending the ophthalmic department from May until November 2014 with WHO definition of visual impairment or blindness. Bilateral visual loss was reported in 129 (65.48%) patients. Patients from rural areas represented 78.14% of all included patients. UI, BI, UB, BB, and BIB were detected in 32 (16.24%), 56 (28.43%), 36 (18.27%), 36 (18.27%), and 37 (18.78%) patients with visual loss, respectively. Brain tumors, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, incurable myopia with extensive chorioretinal degeneration, and glaucoma were the main causes of visual loss.

Conclusion
The study contributed to a global database for the different causes of irreversible visual loss in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the design and provision of low vision aids and social support can be targeted to appropriately identified subgroups of our population.
Causative organisms and visual prognosis of endophthalmitis in Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
Authors: Bahgat Nermeen M. , Ibrahim Mona K. , Awadein Ahmed , Shokier Gihan M. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose
The aim of this study was to identify the most common causative organisms, treatment modalities, and visual prognosis of cases of endophthalmitis in Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt.

Patients and methods
This was a prospective study that was carried out on consecutive patients presenting with exogenous endophthalmitis to Cairo University Hospital Casualty Unit, Cairo, Egypt, during the period from June 2021 to February 2022. Demographic and clinical characteristics of all patients were collected and analyzed. Vitreous tap was obtained from all patients and cultured. Treatment modalities were tabulated and analyzed. Factors influencing the final visual outcome were studied.

Results
The study included 31 eyes of 31 patients, with a mean age of 41.8±17.9 years (range=8–69 years). All cases had exogenous endophthalmitis, where 17 were postoperative, 12 posttraumatic, and two postintravitreal injection. Positive vitreous culture was detected in only nine (29%) patients. The most commonly identified organism was Streptococcus pneumoniae (four of nine patients, 44.4%). Cultures were positive for fungi in only two patients. Cultures were positive in 35% of postoperative endophthalmitis and in 25% of posttraumatic endophthalmitis. Treatment modalities included intravitreal antibiotics only (n=15; 48.4%), intravitreal antibiotics and delayed vitrectomy (n=8; 25.8%), immediate vitrectomy (n=7; 22.6%), and evisceration (n=1; 3.2%). The mean follow-up after presentation was 5.1±1.6 months (range=3–9 months). The factors associated with poor visual outcome were older age (P=0.032), history of ocular trauma (P<0.001), early presentation after trauma (P=0.021), and presence of corneal infection (P=0.001). The visual outcome was significantly better in those who had vitrectomy either immediately or after intravitreal injection (P=0.004).

Conclusion

S. pneumoniae was the most commonly identified organism in exogenous endophthalmitis in Cairo University Hospitals. Early vitrectomy and absence of corneal infection were associated with better visual outcome.
Optic nerve head diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient values as measuring tools for papilledema grade in idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Alhagaa Ahmed A. , Habib Rehab M. 
Published: March 2023

Aim
The aim of this study was to explore if there is a relationship between the grade of papilledema and MRI diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the optic nerve head (ONH) in patients having idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

Patients and methods
This is a prospective study that was conducted between March 2020 and June 2022 on 285 patients diagnosed as having IIH, who were subjected to meticulous clinical examination, visual field testing, color vision testing, and orbital MRI done within one week of diagnosis. ONH signal intensity was graded and then compared with papilledema grade, and the results were analyzed.

Results
The study included 285 patients (156 females and 129 males), with a mean age of 30.8±9.6 years, definitely diagnosed as having IIH with lumbar puncture opening pressure ranging from 18 to 58 cmH2O (mean=35.6±9.8 cmH2O). The papilledema grades were grade I (121 patients), grade II (136 patients), grade III (21 patients), and grade IV (seven patients). ADC values of the ONH were found to be gradually decreased with higher papilledema grades among cases. In addition, according to papilledema grading, in grade I, 67% of the patients showed no DWI changes, whereas in grade II, 97% of the patients showed DWI changes in the ONH. In grades III and IV, all patients showed DWI changes.

Conclusion
MRI can be considered as a diagnostic tool for papilledema. In addition, low ADC values and diffusion restriction can be used as indicators for the severity of ONH insult in cases of increased intracranial tension.