Pewarnaan Gram Bakteri Isolat Klinis pada Pasien ISK di RSUD Karawang
Authors: Salsabila Zalfa Neysa , Lanny Mulqie  , Umi Yuniarni  
Published: September 2023

Infeksi merupakan salah satu penyakit dengan prevalensi yang tinggi di Indonesia, salah satunya yaitu infeksi saluran kemih (ISK). Kasus ISK paling banyak disebabkan oleh mikroba berupa bakteri. Bakteri penyebab ISK dapat berupa bakteri gram negatif dan gram positif dengan frekuensi kejadian lebih banyak diakibatkan oleh bakteri gram negatif. Salah satu upaya dalam penatalaksanaan ISK agar terapi dapat tepat sasaran yaitu dengan mengetahui bakteri penyebab infeksi. Identifikasi bakteri dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara, salah satunya yaitu identifikasi berdasarkan pewarnaan Gram dan interpretasi hasilnya berupa perbedaan warna antara bakteri gram negatif dan gram positif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi jenis gram bakteri berdasarkan pewarnaan Gram yang menyebabkan ISK pada sampel pasien terdiagnosis ISK di Poli Urologi RSUD Karawang serta mengetahui persentase masing-masing bakteri isolat klinis dari total kelima sampel pasien terdiagnosis ISK di Poli Urologi RSUD Karawang. Metode pewarnaan gram dilakukan dengan menggunakan reagen merek Aim Gram Stain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari total kelima sampel pasien terdiagnosis ISK di RSUD Karawang berdasarkan pewarnaan Gram memberikan hasil pewarnaan positif terhadap bakteri gram negatif dan gram positif, yang ditandai dengan preparat yang berwarna merah pada bakteri gram negatif, dan berwana ungu pada bakteri gram positif saat diamati dengan mikroskop perbesaran 100x, dengan persentase sebesar 80% disebabkan oleh bakteri gram negatif, sedangkan 20% lainnya diakibatkan oleh bakteri gram positif.
Infection is one of the diseases with a high prevalence in Indonesia, one of which is urinary tract infection (UTI). Most UTI cases are caused by microbes in the form of bacteria. The bacteria that cause UTIs can be gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria with a higher frequency of occurrence caused by gram-negative bacteria. One of the efforts in UTI management so that therapy can be right on target is to find out the bacteria that cause infection. Bacterial identification can be done in several ways, one of which is identification based on Gram staining and interpretation of the results in the form of color differences between gram negative and gram positive bacteria. This study aims to identify the type of gram bacteria based on Gram staining that causes UTI in samples of patients diagnosed with UTI in the Dept. Urology of Karawang Hospital and determine the percentage of each clinical isolate bacteria from a total of five samples of patients diagnosed with UTI in the Dept. Urology of Karawang Hospital. Gram staining method was performed using Aim Gram Stain reagent. The results showed that from a total of five samples of patients diagnosed with UTI at Karawang Hospital based on Gram staining gave positive staining results for gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, characterized by preparations that were red in gram-negative bacteria, and purple in gram-positive bacteria when observed with a 100x magnification microscope, with a percentage of 80% caused by gram-negative bacteria, while the other 20% were caused by gram-positive bacteria.