bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design for Manufacturing of Cemented Carbide Coated Components Toward High Wear and Impact Resistance Performance
Authors: Zhu X. P. , Zhang S. J. , Yuan J. R. , Lei M. K. , Guo D. M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Wear- yet impact-resistant demand is a big challenge for coated components under heavy-load service condition. To solve this high-performance manufacturing problem, a new strategy of design for manufacturing (DFM) with integrated design and processing is developed to incorporate processing effect on final performance via the pivot role of surface integrity. An impact performance model and the impact tester are constructed for a component with coated flat block/bulk cylinder mates for potential application in hydraulic machinery. A WC-12Ni/Ni60A two-layer coating on 17-4PH martensitic steel substrate is designed with thermal spray process. Impact crater depth, surface hardening, and residual stresses are identified as major surface integrity parameters determining wear/impact performance by the modeling with testing. The design parameters of geometry, material, and structure are quantitatively linked to the final performance by a process signature (PS) correlative analysis on the identified surface integrity to internal material loading of plastic/elastic strain energies. The PS correlation posts coating thickness as a high-sensitivity parameter for design, facilitating a buffering effect of reduced peak stresses among the coating-substrate system. The DFM optimization is understood by irreversible thermodynamics as reducing energy dissipation of the internal material loading from the external impact loads. The manufacturing inverse problem is thus solved by material-oriented regularization (MOR) on the homologous PS correlations integrating the design and processing phases. The manufactured component, with optimal Ni60A interlayer thickness of 75–100 µm at a top WC-12Ni coating of 200 µm, achieves a desired performance of up to 6000 impacts under a nominal load of 15 kN.
Collaborative Robust Design Optimization of Blade Geometry and Manufacturing Tolerance for a Transonic Centrifugal Impeller
Authors: Liu Yiming , Ju Yaping , Qin Ruihong , Jiang Wei , Spence Stephen , Zhang Chuhua 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Turbomachinery components are inevitably subjected to various sources of manufacturing errors. The resultant variations in blade geometry eventually lead to performance degradation. This is especially true for transonic centrifugal compressor impellers where the complex interaction between the geometric variations and shock waves may amplify such degradation. However, relevant studies on uncertainty quantification or robust design optimization of centrifugal impellers are quite rare. The mechanisms of how the realistic manufacturing errors influence the impeller aerodynamic performance are not clear. In addition, most existing studies have considered a fixed level of manufacturing tolerance applied to the impeller blade surface, which neglects the combined effect of blade geometry and manufacturing tolerance on impeller performance. In this study, a collaborative robust design optimization was performed for a transonic centrifugal impeller considering realistic manufacturing errors. The realistic manufacturing error field was first modeled based on the measurements of 92 centrifugal impellers. With a combination of computational fluid dynamics simulation and the non-intrusive polynomial chaos method, the influence of manufacturing errors on impeller performance and flow field variations was quantified. To save computational costs for the uncertainty quantification, a dual dimensionality reduction method was proposed to reduce the dimensionality of uncertainties. Finally, blade angles and the manufacturing tolerance of the impeller were collaboratively optimized to enhance the impeller performance robustness against manufacturing errors. The results show that the impeller aerodynamic performance exhibited a downward trend in the presence of manufacturing errors. The flow mechanisms responsible for this trend were mainly associated with increased intensity of the shock waves near the inducer blade tip. Such shock waves were significantly alleviated by reducing impeller inlet blade angles without the loss of pressure rise capability. Consequently, the impeller performance robustness against manufacturing errors was enhanced with the standard deviation of polytropic efficiency being reduced by 35% at a lower anticipated manufacturing cost due to increased tolerance allowance.
Supporting all breaths versus supporting some breaths during synchronised mechanical ventilation in neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Batra Dushyant , Jaysainghe Dulip , Batra Nihit 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundNational Institute for Health and Clinical Effectiveness (NICE), UK, guideline published in 2019 recommends the use of volume-targeted ventilation (VTV). It recommends synchronised intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) over the modes that support-all-breaths, for example, assist control ventilation (ACV). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies comparing SIMV mode with triggered modes supporting all breaths.MethodsPatients: Neonates receiving mechanical ventilation.Intervention: SIMV ventilation.Comparison: Modes that support-all-breaths: ACV, pressure support ventilation and neurally adjusted ventilation.Outcomes: Death before discharge and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 36 weeks’ corrected gestation, weaning duration, incidence of air leaks, extubation failure, postnatal steroid use, patent ductus arteriosus requiring treatment, severe (grade 3/4) intraventricular haemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia and neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years.Randomised or quasi-randomised clinical trials comparing SIMV with triggered ventilation modes supporting all breaths in neonates, reporting on at least one outcome of interest were eligible for inclusion in the review.ResultsSeven publications describing eight studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. No significant difference in mortality (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.74) or BPD at 36 weeks (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.33 to 1.24), but the weaning duration was significantly shorter in support-all-breaths group with a mean difference of −22.67 hours (95% CI –44.33 to –1.01). No difference in any other outcomes.ConclusionCompared with SIMV, synchronised modes supporting all breaths are associated with a shorter weaning duration with no statistically significant difference in mortality, BPD at 36 weeks or other outcomes. Larger studies with explicit ventilator and weaning protocols are needed to compare these modes in the current neonatal population.PROSPERO registration numberThe review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO: CRD42020207601.
Sport and exercise medicine/physiotherapy publishing has a gender/sex equity problem: we need action now!
Authors: Cowan Sallie M , Kemp Joanne L , Ardern Clare L , Thornton Jane S , Rio Ebonie Kendra , Bruder Andrea M , Mosler Andrea Britt , Patterson Brooke , Haberfield Melissa , Roughead Eliza A , Hart Harvi , To Laura , Neufeld Sydney , Mazahir Nada , Crossley Kay M 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesWe aimed to determine (1) the proportion of women authors overall, in first (lead) and last (senior) author positions, (2) the proportion of women research participants and (3) the association between women in first and/or last author positions and the proportion of women research participants in original research articles and editorials/opinion pieces in four sport and exercise medicine/physiotherapy journals.MethodsThe journals evaluated were theBritish Journal of Sports Medicine,Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy,Physical Therapy in SportandInternational Journal of Sports Physical Therapy.We reviewed all original research articles and editorials/opinion pieces published in 2008, 2009, 2018 and 2019. For each, we aimed to determine the gender/sex of all authors (through gender pronouns, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, institutional profiles, personal websites, photographs and/or social media), and the gender/sex of study participants reported as ‘female’ or ‘male’ or ‘women’ or ‘men’ or ‘girls’ or ‘boys’.ResultsWe included 952 original studies and 219 editorials/opinion pieces. There were 5146 authors of original studies and 706 authors of editorials/opinion pieces. Compared with 2008/2009, the proportion of women as first and last authors was 3.6% (33.0% compared with 29.4%) and 4.8% (33.2% compared with 27.4%) higher respectively in 2018/2019. On average, the proportion of women participants in original studies remained largely unchanged over the 10-year period, only 10% of all participants were women in studies.ConclusionWomen are strikingly under-represented in first and last author positions, as are women participants in sports and exercise medicine/physiotherapy journals.
Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in China, 2004-18: findings from six rounds of a national survey
Authors: Zhang Mei , Shi Yu , Zhou Bin , Huang Zhengjing , Zhao Zhenping , Li Chun , Zhang Xiao , Han Guiyuan , Peng Ke , Li Xinhua , Wang Youfa , Ezzati Majid , Wang Limin , Li Yichong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective
To assess the recent trends in prevalence and management of hypertension in China, nationally and by population subgroups.

Design
Six rounds of a national survey, China.

Setting
China Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance, 2004-18.

Participants
642 523 community dwelling adults aged 18-69 years (30 501 in 2004, 47 353 in 2007, 90 491 in 2010, 156 836 in 2013, 162 293 in 2015, and 155 049 in 2018).

Main outcome measures
Hypertension was defined as a blood pressure of ≥140/90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive drugs. The main outcome measures were hypertension prevalence and proportion of people with hypertension who were aware of their hypertension, who were treated for hypertension, and whose blood pressure was controlled below 140/90 mm Hg.

Results

The standardised prevalence of hypertension in adults aged 18-69 years in China increased from 20.8% (95% confidence interval 19.0% to 22.5%) in 2004 to 29.6% (27.8% to 31.3%) in 2010, then decreased to 24.7% (23.2% to 26.1%) in 2018. During 2010-18, the absolute annual decline in prevalence of hypertension among women was more than twice that among men (−0.83 percentage points (95% confidence interval −1.13 to −0.52)
v
−0.40 percentage points (−0.73 to −0.07)). Despite modest improvements in the awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension since 2004, rates remained low in 2018, at 38.3% (36.3% to 40.4%), 34.6% (32.6% to 36.7%), and 12.0% (10.6% to 13.4%). Of 274 million (95% confidence interval 238 to 311 million) adults aged 18-69 years with hypertension in 2018, control was inadequate in an estimated 240 million (215 to 264 million). Across all surveys, women with low educational attainment had higher prevalence of hypertension than those with higher education, but the finding was mixed for men. The gap in hypertension control between urban and rural areas persisted, despite larger improvements in diagnosis and control in rural than in urban areas.

Conclusions
The prevalence of hypertension in China has slightly declined since 2010, but treatment and control remain low. The findings highlight the need for improving detection and treatment of hypertension through the strengthening of primary care in China, especially in rural areas.
Preclinical mouse model of a misfolded PNLIP variant develops chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Zhu Guoying , Wilhelm Steven J , George Leah G , Cassidy Brett M , Zino Sammy , Luke Cliff J , Hanna Mina , Stone Stephen , Phan Nhung , Matiwala Neel , Ballentine Samuel J , Lowe Mark E , Xiao Xunjun 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveIncreasing evidence implicates mutation-induced protein misfolding and endoplasm reticulum (ER) stress in the pathophysiology of chronic pancreatitis (CP). The paucity of animal models harbouring genetic risk variants has hampered our understanding of how misfolded proteins trigger CP. We previously showed that pancreatic triglyceride lipase (PNLIP) p.T221M, a variant associated with steatorrhoea and possibly CP in humans, misfolds and elicits ER stress in vitro suggesting proteotoxicity as a potential disease mechanism. Our objective was to create a mouse model to determine if PNLIP p.T221M causes CP and to define the mechanism.DesignWe created a mouse model ofPnlipp.T221M and characterised the structural and biochemical changes in the pancreas aged 1–12 months. We used multiple methods including histochemistry, immunostaining, transmission electron microscopy, biochemical assays, immunoblotting and qPCR.ResultsWe demonstrated the hallmarks of human CP inPnlipp.T221M homozygous mice including progressive pancreatic atrophy, acinar cell loss, fibrosis, fatty change, immune cell infiltration and reduced exocrine function. Heterozygotes also developed CP although at a slower rate. Immunoblot showed that pancreatic PNLIP T221M misfolded as insoluble aggregates. The level of aggregates in homozygotes declined with age and was much lower in heterozygotes at all ages. ThePnlipp.T221M pancreas had increased ER stress evidenced by dilated ER, increasedHspa5(BiP) mRNA abundance and a maladaptive unfolded protein response leading to upregulation ofDdit3(CHOP), nuclear factor-κB and cell death.ConclusionExpression of PNLIP p.T221M in a preclinical mouse model results in CP caused by ER stress and proteotoxicity of misfolded mutant PNLIP.
CN: Verifying Systems C Code with Separation-Logic Refinement Types
Authors: Pulte Christopher , Makwana Dhruv C. , Sewell Thomas , Memarian Kayvan , Sewell Peter , Krishnaswami Neel 
Published: January 2023

Despite significant progress in the verification of hypervisors, operating systems, and compilers, and in verification tooling, there exists a wide gap between the approaches used in verification projects and conventional development of systems software. We see two main challenges in bringing these closer together: verification handling the complexity of code and semantics of conventional systems software, and verification usability.
We describe an experiment in verification tool design aimed at addressing some aspects of both: we design and implement CN, a separation-logic refinement type system for C systems software, aimed at predictable proof automation, based on a realistic semantics of ISO C. CN reduces refinement typing to decidable propositional logic reasoning, uses first-class resources to support pointer aliasing and pointer arithmetic, features resource inference for iterated separating conjunction, and uses a novel syntactic restriction of ghost variables in specifications to guarantee their successful inference. We implement CN and formalise key aspects of the type system, including a soundness proof of type checking. To demonstrate the usability of CN we use it to verify a substantial component of Google's pKVM hypervisor for Android.
ADEV: Sound Automatic Differentiation of Expected Values of Probabilistic Programs
Authors: Lew Alexander K. , Huot Mathieu , Staton Sam , Mansinghka Vikash K. 
Published: January 2023

Optimizing the expected values of probabilistic processes is a central problem in computer science and its applications, arising in fields ranging from artificial intelligence to operations research to statistical computing. Unfortunately, automatic differentiation techniques developed for deterministic programs do not in general compute the correct gradients needed for widely used solutions based on gradient-based optimization.
In this paper, we present ADEV, an extension to forward-mode AD that correctly differentiates the expectations of probabilistic processes represented as programs that make random choices. Our algorithm is a source-to-source program transformation on an expressive, higher-order language for probabilistic computation, with both discrete and continuous probability distributions. The result of our transformation is a new probabilistic program, whose expected return value is the derivative of the original program’s expectation. This output program can be run to generate unbiased Monte Carlo estimates of the desired gradient, that can be used within the inner loop of stochastic gradient descent. We prove ADEV correct using logical relations over the denotations of the source and target probabilistic programs. Because it modularly extends forward-mode AD, our algorithm lends itself to a concise implementation strategy, which we exploit to develop a prototype in just a few dozen lines of Haskell (https://github.com/probcomp/adev).
Adolescent Psychological Assets and Cardiometabolic Health Maintenance in Adulthood: Implications for Health Equity
Authors: Qureshi Farah , Guimond Anne‐Josee , Tsao Elaine , Delaney Scott , Boehm Julia K. , Kubzansky Laura D. 
Published: January 2023

Background
Positive cardiometabolic health (CMH) is defined as meeting recommended levels of multiple cardiometabolic risk factors in the absence of manifest disease. Prior work finds that few individuals—particularly members of minoritized racial and ethnic groups—meet these criteria. This study investigated whether psychological assets help adolescents sustain CMH in adulthood and explored interactions by race and ethnicity.

Methods and Results

Participants were 3478 individuals in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (49% female; 67% White, 15% Black, 11% Latinx, 6% other [Native American, Asian, or not specified]). In Wave 1 (1994–1995; mean age=16 years), data on 5 psychological assets (optimism, happiness, self‐esteem, belongingness, and feeling loved) were used to create a composite asset index (range=0–5). In Waves 4 (2008; mean age=28 years) and 5 (2016–2018; mean age=38 years), CMH was defined using 7 clinically assessed biomarkers. Participants with healthy levels of ≥6 biomarkers at Waves 4 and 5 were classified as maintaining CMH over time. The prevalence of CMH maintenance was 12%. Having more psychological assets was associated with better health in adulthood (odds ratio [OR]
linear trend
, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.01–1.25]). Subgroup analyses found substantive associations only among Black participants (OR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.00–1.82]). Additionally, there was some evidence that racial and ethnic disparities in CMH maintenance may be less pronounced among participants with more assets.

Conclusions
Youth with more psychological assets were more likely to experience favorable CMH patterns 2 decades later. The strongest associations were observed among Black individuals. Fostering psychological assets in adolescence may help prevent cardiovascular disease and play an underappreciated role in shaping health inequities.
Phonological and Semantic Specialization in 9- to 10-Year-Old Children During Auditory Word Processing
Authors: Wang Jin , Yamasaki Brianna L. , Booth James R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
One of the core features of brain maturation is functional specialization. Previous research has found that 7- to 8-year-old children start to specialize in both the temporal and frontal lobes. However, as children continue to develop their phonological and semantic skills rapidly until approximately 10 years old, it remained unclear whether any changes in specialization later in childhood would be detected. Thus, the goal of the current study was to examine phonological and semantic specialization in 9- to 10-year-old children during auditory word processing. Sixty-one children were included in the analysis. They were asked to perform a sound judgment task and a meaning judgment task, each with both hard and easy conditions to examine parametric effects. Consistent with previous results from 7- to 8-year-old children, direct task comparisons revealed language specialization in both the temporal and frontal lobes in 9- to 10-year-old children. Specifically, the left dorsal inferior frontal gyrus showed greater activation for the sound than the meaning task whereas the left middle temporal gyrus showed greater activation for the meaning than the sound task. Interestingly, in contrast to the previously reported finding that 7- to 8-year-old children primarily engage a general control region during the harder condition for both tasks, we showed that 9- to 10-year-old children recruited language-specific regions to process the more difficult task conditions. Specifically, the left superior temporal gyrus showed greater activation for the phonological parametric manipulation whereas the left ventral inferior frontal gyrus showed greater activation for the semantic parametric manipulation.
A Private Life of a Communal Leader: The Autobiography of Aryeh Leib Feinstein (1821–1903)
Authors: Gellman Uriel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article introduces an unknown autobiography written by Aryeh Leib Feinstein who was a communal official in Brisk (Brześć Litewski). In this detailed memoir, written in 1896 and preserved in manuscript form only, Feinstein describes his life from his childhood in a small village near Brisk up to his adulthood, when he became a wealthy merchant in Brisk and a well-known historian of the local community. This unique egodocument is a subjective interpretation of the profound transformations of Eastern European Jewish culture during the second half of the 19th century. It enables us a better understanding of the complex relationship between the personal and the public spheres during this era and illustrates the need of broadening the setting of the self-fashioning of Jewish individuals.
Vertical Motions in Orographic Cloud Systems over the Payette River Basin. Part II: Fixed and Transient Updrafts and Their Relationship to Forcing
Authors: Zaremba Troy J. , Heimes Kaylee , Rauber Robert M. , Geerts Bart , French Jeffrey R. , Grasmick Coltin , Tessendorf Sarah A. , Xue Lulin , Friedrich Katja , Rasmussen Roy M. , Kunkel Melvin L. , Blestrud Derek R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Updrafts in wintertime cloud systems over mountainous regions can be described as fixed, mechanically driven by the terrain under a given ambient wind and stability profile (i.e., vertically propagating gravity waves tied to flow over topography), and transient, associated primarily with vertical wind shear and conditional instability within passing weather systems. This analysis quantifies the magnitude of fixed and transient updraft structures over the Payette River basin sampled during the Seeded and Natural Orographic Wintertime Clouds: The Idaho Experiment (SNOWIE). Vertical motions were retrieved from Wyoming Cloud Radar measurements of radial velocity using the algorithm presented in Part I. Transient circulations were removed, and fixed orographic circulations were quantified by averaging vertical circulations along repeated cross sections over the same terrain during the campaign. Fixed orographic vertical circulations had magnitudes of 0.3–0.5 m s−1. These fixed vertical circulations were composed of a background circulation in which transient circulations were embedded. Transient vertical circulations are shown to be associated with transient wave motions, cloud-top generating cells, convection, and turbulence. Representative transient vertical circulations are illustrated, and data from rawinsondes over the Payette River basin are used to infer the relationship of the vertical circulations to shear and instability. Maximum updrafts are shown to exceed 5 m s−1 within Kelvin–Helmholtz waves, 4 m s−1 associated with transient gravity waves, 3 m s−1 in generating cells, 6 m s−1 in elevated convection, 4 m s−1 in surface-based deep convection, 5 m s−1 in boundary layer turbulence, and 9 m s−1 in shear-induced turbulence.