bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language anxiety and learner silence in the classroom from a cognitive-behavioral perspective
Authors: Maher Kate , King Jim 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLanguage anxiety plays a key role in language learners’ silent behaviors in class (King, 2013). Given its public nature and emphasis on interaction within it, the classroom context plays a significant role in the production of language anxiety. Anxious people are more likely to negatively appraise situations, affecting their behavior. That is, it is not just the subject content that causes anxiety, it is also the cognitive processes that occur from being in the classroom environment (Clark & Wells, 1995; Horwitz et al., 2010). King (2014) found that anxious language learners’ thoughts often containfeared predictionsabout the social costs of speaking in the classroom and worries about how peers might negatively evaluate performance. These fears about external factors contribute to learners becoming inhibited and using silence to avoid the discomfort of speaking. Also, while anxious learners tend to have content-specific concerns, for example, making mistakes, self-focused thoughts are often intensified by contextual factors, such as interacting with peers (Gregersen & Horwitz, 2002). This article looks at the relationship between language anxiety and silent behavior from a cognitive-behavioral perspective, emphasizing how the dynamic interplay between an individual learner and the classroom context can result in even the most motivated and proficient learners missing opportunities to develop their language skills through target-language interaction.
A primer on measurement invariance in L2 anxiety research
Authors: Sudina Ekaterina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMeasurement invariance (MI) is essential to bolstering validity arguments behind psychometric instruments (Zumbo, 2007). Nonetheless, very few second language (L2) anxiety scales, including the most widely used L2 anxiety questionnaire—the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS; Horwitz et al., 1986)—have been tested for MI. The present paper seeks to address this deficiency in the literature (a) by demonstrating why this procedure is key to enhancing our understanding of the latent phenomenon in question, particularly in relation to different language learning contexts, (b) by outlining the main stages of MI testing with specific recommendations for L2 scale developers and users, (c) by providing commendable examples of the application of MI in applied linguistics research in order to illustrate the potential of this technique, and (d) by making a case for employing MI in future validation studies, thereby promoting methodologically sound research practices in the context of anxiety scales and elsewhere in applied linguistics.
The so-called “one-and-a-half” ventricular repair: where are we after 40 years?
Authors: Chowdhury Ujjwal Kumar , Anderson Robert H. , Pandey Niraj Nirmal , Mishra Sundeep , Sankhyan Lakshmi Kumari , George Niwin , Khan Maroof A. , Goja Shikha 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectives:The indications, timing, and results of the so-called “one-and-a-half ventricle repair”, as a surgical alternative to the creation of the Fontan circulation, or high-risk biventricular repair, currently remain nebulous. We aimed to clarify these issues.Methods:We reviewed a total of 201 investigations, assessing selection of candidates, the need for atrial septal fenestration, the fate of an unligated azygos vein and free pulmonary regurgitation, the concerns regarding reverse pulsatile flow in the superior caval vein, the growth potential and function of the subpulmonary ventricle, and the role of the superior cavopulmonary connections as an interstage procedure prior to biventricular repair, or as a salvage procedure. We also assessed subsequent eligibility for conversion to biventricular repair and long-term functional results.Results:Reported operative mortalities ranged from 3% to 20%, depending on the era of surgical repair with 7% risk of complications due to a pulsatile superior caval vein, up to one-third incidence of supraventricular arrhythmias, and a small risk of anastomotic takedown of the superior cavopulmonary connection. Actuarial survival was between 80% and 90% at 10 years, with two-thirds of patients in good shape after 20 years. We found no reported instances of plastic bronchitis, protein-losing enteropathy, or hepatic cirrhosis.Conclusions:The so-called “one-and-a-half ventricular repair”, which is better described as production of one-and-a-half circulations can be performed as a definitive palliative procedure with an acceptable risk similar to that of conversion to the Fontan circulation. The operation reduces the surgical risk for biventricular repair and reverses the Fontan paradox.
Adherence to the Swedish dietary guidelines and the impact on mortality and climate in a population-based cohort study
Authors: Strid Anna , Hallström Elinor , Lindroos Anna Karin , Lindahl Bernt , Johansson Ingegerd , Winkvist Anna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjective:To assess the associations between adherence to the Swedish dietary guidelines and all-cause mortality (i.e. assessing the index’ ability to predict health outcomes), as well as levels of dietary greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs).Design:A longitudinal study 1990–2016 within the population-based cohort Västerbotten Intervention Programme. Dietary data were based on FFQs. Diet quality was assessed by the Swedish Healthy Eating Index for Adults 2015 (SHEIA15), based on the 2015 Swedish dietary guidelines. Dietary GHGEs were estimated from life cycle assessment data including emissions from farm to industry gate. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI of all-cause mortality were evaluated with Cox proportional hazards regression, and differences in median GHGEs were tested between quintiles of SHEIA15 score using the Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA test.Setting:Northern Sweden.Participants:In total, 49 124 women and 47 651 men, aged 35–65 years.Results:Median follow-up times were 16·0 years for women and 14·7 years for men, during which time 3074 women and 4212 men died. A consistent trend of lower all-cause mortality HR for both sexes with higher SHEIA15 scores was demonstrated. For women, the all-cause mortality HR was 0·81 ((95 % CI 0·71, 0·92); P = 0·001) and for men 0·90 ((95 % CI 0·81, 0·996); P = 0·041) between the quintile with the highest SHEIA15 score compared with the quintile with the lowest SHEIA15 score. A consistent trend of lower estimated dietary GHGEs among both sexes with higher SHEIA15 scores was also found.Conclusions:Adherence to Swedish dietary guidelines, estimated by SHEIA15, seems to promote longevity and reduce dietary climate impact.
The Association between ideology and resistance to governmental apology depends on political knowledge
Authors: Inamasu Kazunori , Kohama Shoko , Mifune Nobuhiro , Ohtsubo Yohsuke , Tago Atsushi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between ideology and resistance to the government's apology to Asian victims of Japan's colonial rule policy, which varies according to political knowledge. Based on existing research, because only a limited percentage of voters consider politics to be ideology based, it is expected that the association between ideology and resistance to intergroup apologies by one's own government differs according to their level of political knowledge. We selected three issues of political apologies: colonial rule in Asian countries, comfort women, and the massacre of Korean people based on false rumors at the time of the 1923 Kanto Earthquake; thereafter, we conducted an online survey of a panel selected by Nikkei Research Inc. The results suggest that the relationship between ideology and resistance among voters to political apologies varies with the level of political knowledge, as expected. On the contrary, social dominance orientations (SDO) were associated with resistance to apology, regardless of their level of political knowledge. We then tested the reproducibility of this finding by conducting a follow-up test on registered users of a crowdsourcing service after conducting a preregistration. In addition, we also measured general attitudes toward personal apologies and neighboring countries victimized by Japan's colonialist policies as factors that might predict resistance to apologies even among the politically uninformed. The association between ideology, SDO, and resistance to governmental apologies was generally replicated in this study.
Overexpression of geraniol-10-hydroxylase improves valtrate accumulation in Valeriana jatamansi
Authors: Zhao Shuang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractValtrate is the major active component of iridoids in Valeriana jatamansi plants, and has been widely used for the treatment of various diseases, giving rise to rapidly increasing market demands. The gene VjG10H from V. jatamansi encoding geraniol 10-hydroxylase (G10H) was introduced into V. jatamansi hairy roots and a transgenic hairy root culture system of V. jatamansi with good valtrate production ability was successfully established for the first time. The valtrate content of VjG10H-transformed lines ranged from 8.12 to 10.77 mg/g, with an average valtrate content (9.52 mg/g) of all the four G lines being higher than the non-transgenic hairy root line. Overexpression of VjG10H significantly improved valtrate production, indicating that G10H played an important role in stimulating valtrate accumulation. MeJA treatment stimulated valtrate accumulation in all of the VjG10H overexpression recombinant lines compared to untreated cultures, indicating that methyl jasmonate treatment was another effective regulation target for metabolic engineering of valtrate biosynthesis in V. jatamansi. Thus, transgenic hairy root technology coupled with elicitor treatments may be a promising strategy to increase valtrate yield in V. jatamansi.
Entwicklung und Validierung einer deutschsprachigen Skala zur Erfassung von Kontakterfahrungen gegenüber gesundheitlich eingeschränkten Menschen (CDP-D)
Authors: Slavchova Veneta , Heßhaus Verena , Knispel Jens , Arling Viktoria 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung: Kontakterfahrungen mit gesundheitlich beeinträchtigten Menschen können von gesunden Menschen unterschiedlich empfunden werden (positiv, neutral, negativ). Um entsprechende Begegnungen vor dem Hintergrund der Inklusionsthematik beschreibbar zu machen, ist ein validiertes Messinstrument erforderlich. Ziel der Studie ist es, eine deutschsprachige Skala zur Erfassung von Kontakterfahrungen mit gesundheitlich eingeschränkten Personen zu entwickeln und zu validieren. Als Ausgangslage diente die englischsprachige Revision der Contact with disabled persons – Skala (CDP-Skala) von Pruett et al. (2008 ). Die Prüfversion der deutschsprachigen Skala (CDP-D) wurde in einer Online-Stichprobe ( N = 1 092) erprobt. Nach einer Reduktion von 20 auf 13 Items ergab sich eine zufriedenstellende Modellpassung für positive, neutrale und negative Kontakterfahrungen (dimensionale Validität). Die CDP-D-Skala erfüllt die Anforderungen strikter Messinvarianz (Bezugsrahmen, Geschlecht, Alter). Es berechnen sich differenzierte Korrelationen der CDP-D-Subskalen mit Motivation zu vorteilsfreiem Verhalten, Autoritarismus und sozialer Dominanzorientierung (Konstruktvalidität). Die CDP-D-Subskalen haben einen inkrementellen Mehrwert in hierarchischen binär-logistischen Regressionsanalysen mit fiktiven Personalauswahlszenarien zur Messung von Inklusionsbereitschaft (Kriteriumsvalidität).
Quantifying Net Community Production and Calcification at Station ALOHA Near Hawai'i: Insights and Limitations From a Dual Tracer Carbon Budget Approach
Authors: Knor Lucie A. C. M. , Sabine Christopher L. , Sutton Adrienne J. , White Angelicque E. , Potemra James , Weller Robert A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA budget approach is used to disentangle drivers of the seasonal mixed layer carbon cycle at Station ALOHA (A Long‐term Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG). The budget utilizes data from the WHOTS (Woods Hole—Hawaii Ocean Time‐series Site) mooring, and the ship‐based Hawai'i Ocean Time‐series (HOT) in the NPSG, a region of significant oceanic carbon uptake. Parsing the carbon variations into process components allows an assessment of both the proportional contributions of mixed layer carbon drivers and the seasonal interplay of drawdown and supply from different processes. Annual net community production reported here is at the lower end of previously published data, while net community calcification estimates are 4‐ to 7‐fold higher than available sediment trap data, the only other estimate of calcium carbonate export at this location. Although the observed seasonal cycle in dissolved inorganic carbon in the NPSG has a relatively small amplitude, larger fluxes offset each other over an average year. Major supply comes from physical transport, especially lateral eddy transport throughout the year and entrainment in the winter, offset by biological carbon uptake in the spring. Gas exchange plays a smaller role, supplying carbon to the surface ocean between Dec‐May and outgassing in Jul‐Oct. Evaporation‐precipitation (E‐P) is variable with precipitation prevailing in the first half and evaporation in the second half of the year. The observed total alkalinity signal is largely governed by E‐P with a somewhat stronger net calcification signal in the wintertime.
How Well do Earth System Models Capture Apparent Relationships Between Phytoplankton Biomass and Environmental Variables?
Authors: Holder Christopher , Gnanadesikan Anand 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs phytoplankton form the base of the marine food web, understanding the controls on their abundance is fundamental to understanding marine ecology and its sensitivity to global climate change. While many Earth System Models (ESMs) predict phytoplankton biomass, it is unclear whether they properly capture the mechanistic relationships that control this quantity in the real ocean. We used Random Forest analysis to analyze the output of 13 ESMs as well as two observational data sets. The target variable was phytoplankton carbon and the predictors included environmental parameters known to influence phytoplankton, including nutrients, light, mixed layer depth, salinity, temperature, and upwelling. We examined the following: (a) What fractions of variability in ESMs and observations can be linked to the large‐scale environmental variables simulated by ESMs? (b) What are the dominant predictors and relationships affecting phytoplankton biomass? (c) How well do ESMs simulate phytoplankton carbon and do they simulate the relationships we see in observations? About 88%–96% of the variability in observational data sets and greater than 98% in the ESMs was accounted for by environmental variables known to influence phytoplankton biomass. The dominant predictors in the observational data sets were shortwave radiation and dissolved iron, with temperature and ammonium also relatively important. All the ESMs show that shortwave radiation is the most important variable and most of them predict the right sign of sensitivity to most variables. However, the models predict that biomass reaches maximum levels at unrealistically low levels of iron and unrealistically high levels of light.
Histone modifications in drug-resistant cancers: From a cancer stem cell and immune evasion perspective
Authors: Jin Ming Li , Jeong Kwang Won 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe development and immune evasion of cancer stem cells (CSCs) limit the efficacy of currently available anticancer therapies. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic reprogramming regulates the expression of characteristic marker proteins and tumor plasticity associated with cancer cell survival and metastasis in CSCs. CSCs also possess unique mechanisms to evade external attacks by immune cells. Hence, the development of new strategies to restore dysregulated histone modifications to overcome cancer resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy has recently attracted attention. Restoring abnormal histone modifications can be an effective anticancer strategy to increase the therapeutic effect of conventional chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic drugs by weakening CSCs or by rendering them in a naïve state with increased sensitivity to immune responses. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the role of histone modifiers in the development of drug-resistant cancer cells from the perspectives of CSCs and immune evasion. In addition, we discuss attempts to combine currently available histone modification inhibitors with conventional chemotherapy or immunotherapy.
CD38/ADP-ribose/TRPM2-mediated nuclear Ca2+ signaling is essential for hepatic gluconeogenesis in fasting and diabetes
Authors: Rah So-Young , Joe Yeonsoo , Park Jeongmin , Ryter Stefan W. , Park Chansu , Chung Hun Taeg , Kim Uh-Hyun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHepatic glucose production by glucagon is crucial for glucose homeostasis during fasting, yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely delineated. Although CD38 has been detected in the nucleus, its function in this compartment is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that nuclear CD38 (nCD38) controls glucagon-induced gluconeogenesis in primary hepatocytes and liver in a manner distinct from CD38 occurring in the cytoplasm and lysosomal compartments. We found that the localization of CD38 in the nucleus is required for glucose production by glucagon and that nCD38 activation requires NAD+ supplied by PKCδ-phosphorylated connexin 43. In fasting and diabetes, nCD38 promotes sustained Ca2+ signals via transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) activation by ADP-ribose, which enhances the transcription of glucose-6 phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1. These findings shed light on the role of nCD38 in glucagon-induced gluconeogenesis and provide insight into nuclear Ca2+ signals that mediate the transcription of key genes in gluconeogenesis under physiological conditions.
Ultra-compact fiber tapering: plasmonics and structural bending as new combination of heat and pull
Authors: Yang Tian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFabrication of optical fiber tapers is realized with a combination of plasmonic microheaters and specially designed structural bending of optical fibers, which provide the necessary elements of “heat and pull”. The resultant compactness and flame-free condition enable monitoring of the tapering process inside a scanning electron microscope.
SIRT6 is an epigenetic repressor of thoracic aortic aneurysms via inhibiting inflammation and senescence
Authors: Ding Yang-Nan , Wang Ting-Ting , Lv Shuang-Jie , Tang Xiaoqiang , Wei Zi-Yu , Yao Fang , Xu Han-Shi , Chen Yi-Nan , Wang Xiao-Man , Wang Hui-Yu , Wang He-Ping , Zhang Zhu-Qin , Zhao Xiang , Hao De-Long , Sun Li-Hong , Zhou Zhou , Wang Li , Chen Hou-Zao , Liu De-Pei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) develop asymptomatically and are characterized by dilatation of the aorta. This is considered a life-threating vascular disease due to the risk of aortic rupture and without effective treatments. The current understanding of the pathogenesis of TAA is still limited, especially for sporadic TAAs without known genetic mutation. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) expression was significantly decreased in the tunica media of sporadic human TAA tissues. Genetic knockout of Sirt6 in mouse vascular smooth muscle cells accelerated TAA formation and rupture, reduced survival, and increased vascular inflammation and senescence after angiotensin II infusion. Transcriptome analysis identified interleukin (IL)-1β as a pivotal target of SIRT6, and increased IL-1β levels correlated with vascular inflammation and senescence in human and mouse TAA samples. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that SIRT6 bound to the Il1b promoter to repress expression partly by reducing the H3K9 and H3K56 acetylation. Genetic knockout of Il1b or pharmacological inhibition of IL-1β signaling with the receptor antagonist anakinra rescued Sirt6 deficiency mediated aggravation of vascular inflammation, senescence, TAA formation and survival in mice. The findings reveal that SIRT6 protects against TAA by epigenetically inhibiting vascular inflammation and senescence, providing insight into potential epigenetic strategies for TAA treatment.
Human 3D brain organoids: steering the demolecularization of brain and neurological diseases
Authors: Adlakha Yogita K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUnderstanding of human brain development, dysfunction and neurological diseases has remained limited and challenging due to inability to recapitulate human brain-specific features in animal models. Though the anatomy and physiology of the human brain has been understood in a remarkable way using post-mortem, pathological samples of human and animal models, however, modeling of human brain development and neurological diseases remains a challenge owing to distinct complexity of human brain. In this perspective, three-dimensional (3D) brain organoids have shown a beam of light. Tremendous growth in stem cell technologies has permitted the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells under 3D culture conditions into brain organoids, which recapitulate the unique features of human brain in many ways and also offer the detailed investigation of brain development, dysfunction and neurological diseases. Their translational value has also emerged and will benefit the society once the protocols for the upscaling of brain organoids are in place. Here, we summarize new advancements in methods for generation of more complex brain organoids including vascularized and mixed lineage tissue from PSCs. How synthetic biomaterials and microfluidic technology is boosting brain organoid development, has also been highlighted. We discuss the applications of brain organoids in studying preterm birth associated brain dysfunction; viral infections mediated neuroinflammation, neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. We also highlight the translational value of brain organoids and current challenges that the field is experiencing.
Modeling and therapeutic targeting of inflammation-induced hepatic insulin resistance using human iPSC-derived hepatocytes and macrophages
Authors: Groeger Marko , Matsuo Koji , Heidary Arash Emad , Pereira Ashley , Le Guillou Dounia , Pino Cindy , Telles-Silva Kayque A. , Maher Jacquelyn J. , Hsiao Edward C. , Willenbring Holger 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHepatic insulin resistance is recognized as a driver of type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease but specific therapies are lacking. Here we explore the potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for modeling hepatic insulin resistance in vitro, with a focus on resolving the controversy about the impact of inflammation in the absence of steatosis. For this, we establish the complex insulin signaling cascade and the multiple inter-dependent functions constituting hepatic glucose metabolism in iPSC-derived hepatocytes (iPSC-Heps). Co-culture of these insulin-sensitive iPSC-Heps with isogenic iPSC-derived pro-inflammatory macrophages induces glucose output by preventing insulin from inhibiting gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis and activating glycolysis. Screening identifies TNFα and IL1β as the mediators of insulin resistance in iPSC-Heps. Neutralizing these cytokines together restores insulin sensitivity in iPSC-Heps more effectively than individual inhibition, reflecting specific effects on insulin signaling and glucose metabolism mediated by NF-κB or JNK. These results show that inflammation is sufficient to induce hepatic insulin resistance and establish a human iPSC-based in vitro model to mechanistically dissect and therapeutically target this metabolic disease driver.