bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical stimulation controls osteoclast function through the regulation of Ca2+-activated Cl− channel Anoctamin 1
Authors: Sun Weijia , Li Yuheng , Li Jianwei , Tan Yingjun , Yuan Xinxin , Meng Haoye , Ye Jianting , Zhong Guohui , Jin XiaoYan , Liu Zizhong , Du Ruikai , Xing Wenjuan , Zhao Dingsheng , Song Jinping , Li Youyou , Pan Junjie , Zhao Yunzhang , Li Qi , Wang Aiyuan , Ling Shukuan , Dai Rongji , Li Yingxian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMechanical force loading is essential for maintaining bone homeostasis, and unloading exposure can lead to bone loss. Osteoclasts are the only bone resorbing cells and play a crucial role in bone remodeling. The molecular mechanisms underlying mechanical stimulation-induced changes in osteoclast function remain to be fully elucidated. Our previous research found Ca2+-activated Cl− channel Anoctamin 1 (Ano1) was an essential regulator for osteoclast function. Here, we report that Ano1 mediates osteoclast responses to mechanical stimulation. In vitro, osteoclast activities are obviously affected by mechanical stress, which is accompanied by the changes of Ano1 levels, intracellular Cl− concentration and Ca2+ downstream signaling. Ano1 knockout or calcium binding mutants blunts the response of osteoclast to mechanical stimulation. In vivo, Ano1 knockout in osteoclast blunts loading induced osteoclast inhibition and unloading induced bone loss and. These results demonstrate that Ano1 plays an important role in mechanical stimulation induced osteoclast activity changes.
Projected cross-shore changes in upwelling induced by offshore wind farm development along the California coast
Authors: Raghukumar Kaustubha , Nelson Timothy , Jacox Michael , Chartrand Christopher , Fiechter Jerome , Chang Grace , Cheung Lawrence , Roberts Jesse 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn California offshore waters, sustained northwesterly winds have been identified as a key resource that can contribute substantially to renewable energy goals. However, the development of large-scale offshore wind farms can reduce the wind stress at the sea surface, which could affect wind-driven upwelling, nutrient delivery, and ecosystem dynamics. Here we examine changes to upwelling using atmospheric and ocean circulation numerical models together with a hypothetical upper bound buildout scenario of 877 turbines spread across three areas of interest. Wind speed changes are found to reduce upwelling on the inshore side of windfarms and increase upwelling on the offshore side. These changes, when expressed in terms of widely used metrics for upwelling volume transport and nutrient delivery, show that while the net upwelling in a wide coastal band changes relatively little, the spatial structure of upwelling within this coastal region can be shifted outside the bounds of natural variability.
„Wind of change“
Authors: Kehl Sven 
Published: April 2023

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,spüren Sie auch diesen Wind? Es gab ihn schon mal. Das Lied „Wind of
Change" ist ein Song der deutschen Rockband Scorpions und handelt von der
politischen und gesellschaftlichen Veränderung, die Anfang der 1990er-Jahre
in Europa stattfand, insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit dem Fall der Berliner Mauer
und dem Ende des Kalten Krieges. Das Lied reflektiert die Hoffnungen und
Träume der Menschen in diesem historischen Moment des Wandels und feiert das
Ende einer Ära der Konfrontation und des Misstrauens zwischen Ost und West.
Es ist eine Hymne an die Freiheit und die Überwindung von Grenzen, die
sowohl politisch als auch persönlich sein können.
Einfluss eines vierwöchigen achtsamkeitsbasierten Trainings
auf die Lebenszufriedenheit
Authors: Stang Philipp , Rico-Dresel Daniela 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungAufbauend auf der Studie von Demarzo und Kollegen (2017), in welcher eine
vierwöchige achtsamkeitsbasierte Intervention eine ähnliche
Wirksamkeit wie das achtwöchige Mindfulness Based Stress Reducation
Training aufzeigte, wurde das Training der vorliegenden Arbeit gestaltet. Die
insgesamt 120 Proband*innen unterteilten sich in eine Experimentalgruppe
(n=80) und eine Kontrollgruppe (n=40) welche zu zwei
Messzeitpunkten Fragebögen über deren
Achtsamkeitsfähigkeit (Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS)) und
Lebenszufriedenheit (Fragebogen zur allgemeinen Lebenszufriedenheit (FLZ),
Kurzskala Lebenszufriedenheit-1 (L-1)) ausfüllten. Es zeigte sich, dass
die Achtsamkeitsfähigkeit der Experimentalgruppe nach dem Training
anstieg und sich signifikant (p=0,05) sowohl vom ersten Messzeitpunkt,
als auch von der Kontrollgruppe zu beiden Messzeitpunkten unterschied. Ebenso
verhielt es sich mit der Lebenszufriedenheit, die mit einer Multi-Item-Skala
gemessen wurde.
Non-drainage Offers Faster Proprioceptive and Functional Recovery, and More Clinical Benefits for Patients following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Compared to Drainage
Authors: Unver Bayram , Eymir Musa , Karatosun Vasfi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Although a non-drainage procedure following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is becoming more acceptable in enhanced recovery after surgery, postoperative drainage is still commonly used in TKA surgeries. This study aimed to compare the non-drainage to the drainage during the early postoperative stage regarding proprioceptive and functional recovery, and postoperative outcomes of TKA patients.
Material and Methods A prospective, single-blind, randomized, controlled trial was carried out on 91 TKA patients, who were randomly allocated into the non-drainage group (NDG) or the drainage group (DG). Patients were evaluated regarding knee proprioception, functional outcomes, pain intensity, range of motion, knee circumference, and anesthetic consumption. Outcomes were assessed at the time of charge, at postoperative 7th day, and at postoperative 3rd month.
Results There were no differences between groups at baseline (p > 0.05). During the inpatient period, the NDG experienced superior pain relief (p < 0.05), had a higher Hospital for Special Surgery knee score (p = 0.001), demanded lower assistance from a sitting position to a standing position (p = 0.001) and walking for 4.5 m (p = 0.034), and performed the Timed Up and Go test in a shorter duration (p = 0.016) compared to the DG. The NDG gained the actively straight leg raise earlier (p = 0.009), needed lower anesthetic consumption (p < 0.05), and showed improved proprioception (p < 0.05) compared to the DG during the inpatient period.
Conclusions Our findings support that a non-drainage procedure would be a better option to provide a faster proprioceptive and functional recovery, and beneficial results for patients following TKA. Therefore, the non-drainage procedure should be the first choice in TKA surgery rather than drainage.
Media portrayal of old age and its effects on attitudes in older people: findings from a series of studies
Authors: Wangler Julian , Jansky Michael 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMass media portrayal of old age plays a great role in social perceptions of aging. However, there are hardly any empirical findings on the effects on recipients or to what extent this can change attitudes, especially amongst older people. Three types of media portrayals of old age in German news magazines were determined and used as stimulus material. In 2020, 910 participants (from 60 years) were confronted with different age frames in the course of a quasi-experimental survey. In order to substantiate the results, in 2022, 36 focused interviews were conducted with older people each of whom was presented with an age frame. This article links the central findings of both studies, with a focus on the qualitative study. The survey results showed that presenting a negative age frame led to an improvement in the self-image of old age whereas the public image of old age deteriorated significantly. After presenting a positive frame, the public image improved greatly while the self-image decreased. The interviews confirm these results. Type of reaction upon reception of the negative age frame varied between approval and clear signs of consternation. However, interviewees did not relate with the older people portrayed with personal aging often felt to be at odds with the portrayal of age shown. The positive frame was first received with pleasure and curiosity. Even so, interviewees became unsettled about how ‘modern’ aging is portrayed, some of them showing insecurity that they could not fulfil the characteristics and requirements of ‘modern’ aging. Media portrayal of age seems not to have the effects on older people as might be expected. Negative effects appear such as media portrayal making older recipients aware of their own age by presenting age in an exaggeratedly positive light in the “best agers” frame. In view of these results, the theory of social comparison processes may be used by which the media provides recipients with standards of comparison.
Bottom-up synthesis of mesoscale nanomeshes of graphene nanoribbons on germanium
Authors: Saraswat Vivek , Way Austin J. , Zheng Xiaoqi , Jacobberger Robert M. , Manzo Sebastian , Tiwale Nikhil , Dwyer Jonathan H. , Kawasaki Jason K. , Nam Chang-Yong , Gopalan Padma , Arnold Michael S. 
Published: April 2023

The synthesis of functional graphene nanostructures on Ge(001) provides an attractive route toward integrating graphene-based electronic devices onto complementary metal oxide semiconductor-compatible platforms. In this study, we leverage the phenomenon of the anisotropic growth of graphene nanoribbons from rationally placed graphene nanoseeds and their rotational self-alignment during chemical vapor deposition to synthesize mesoscale graphene nanomeshes over areas spanning several hundred square micrometers. Lithographically patterned nanoseeds are defined on a Ge(001) surface at pitches ranging from 50 to 100 nm, which serve as starting sites for subsequent nanoribbon growth. Rotational self-alignment of the nanoseeds followed by anisotropic growth kinetics causes the resulting nanoribbons to be oriented along each of the equivalent, orthogonal Ge⟨110⟩ directions with equal probability. As the nanoribbons grow, they fuse, creating a continuous nanomesh. In contrast to nanomesh synthesis via top-down approaches, this technique yields nanomeshes with atomically faceted edges and covalently bonded junctions, which are important for maximizing charge transport properties. Additionally, we simulate the electrical characteristics of nanomeshes synthesized from different initial nanoseed-sizes, size-polydispersities, pitches, and device channel lengths to identify a parameter-space for acceptable on/off ratios and on-conductance in semiconductor electronics. The simulations show that decreasing seed diameter and pitch are critical to increasing nanomesh on/off ratio and on-conductance, respectively. With further refinements in lithography, nanomeshes obtained via seeded synthesis and anisotropic growth are likely to have superior electronic properties with tremendous potential in a multitude of applications, such as radio frequency communications, sensing, thin-film electronics, and plasmonics.
Diffusion of Sn donors in β-Ga2O3
Authors: Frodason Ymir K. , Krzyzaniak Patryk P. , Vines Lasse , Varley Joel B. , Van de Walle Chris G. , Johansen Klaus Magnus H. 
Published: April 2023

Diffusion of the n-type dopant Sn in β-Ga2O3 is studied using secondary-ion mass spectrometry combined with hybrid functional calculations. The diffusion of Sn from a Sn-doped bulk substrate with surface orientation (001) into an epitaxial layer is observed after heat treatments in the temperature range of 1050–1250 °C. Calculated formation energies of Sn-related and intrinsic defects show that the migration of Sn is mediated by Ga vacancies (VGa) through the formation and dissociation of intermittent mobile VGaSnGa complexes. The evolution of the Sn concentration vs depth profiles after heat treatments can be well described by a reaction–diffusion model. Using model parameters guided by the hybrid functional calculations, we extract a VGaSnGa complex migration barrier of 3.0 ± 0.4 eV with a diffusion coefficient of 2 × 10−1 cm2/s. The extracted migration barrier is consistent with our theoretical predictions using the nudged elastic band method, which shows migration barriers of 3.42, 3.15, and 3.37 eV for the [100], [010], and [001] directions, respectively.
Macroscopic shaping of coordination polymer via crystal–glass phase transformation as monolithic catalyst for efficient catalyst recovery
Authors: Tiyawarakul Thanakorn , Imyen Thidarat , Kongpatpanich Kanokwan , Watcharatpong Teerat , Horike Satoshi 
Published: April 2023

To circumvent the difficult processability and recovery of catalytic materials in powder form, we herein report macroscopic shaping of 1D coordination polymer consisting of zinc ions, orthophosphate, and benzimidazole, namely ZnPBIm, motivated by the crystal–glass phase transformation. Glassy ZnPBIm monoliths with different shapes and sizes were prepared via a melt-quench process without using the secondary component. As a heterogeneous acid catalyst, the glassy ZnPBIm monoliths contribute to the esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol at 100 °C with recyclability for at least three consecutive cycles, and over 90% of catalyst mass was recovered. The macroscopic shape of the monoliths was retained after 24 h of reaction. Surface crystallization of glassy ZnPBIm was induced by the presence of water during esterification, and the glass domain serves as a macroscopic support for the crystallized domain.
Circulating markers of intestinal barrier injury and inflammation following exertion in hypobaric hypoxia
Authors: McKenna Zachary J. , Bellovary Bryanne N. , Ducharme Jeremy B. , Deyhle Michael R. , Wells Andrew D. , Fennel Zachary J. , Specht Jonathan W. , Houck Jonathan M. , Mayschak Trevor J. , Mermier Christine M. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTHypoxia induced intestinal barrier injury, microbial translocation, and local/systemic inflammation may contribute to high‐altitude associated gastrointestinal complications or symptoms of acute mountain sickness (AMS). Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that six‐hours of hypobaric hypoxia increases circulating markers of intestinal barrier injury and inflammation. A secondary aim was to determine if the changes in these markers were different between those with and without AMS. Thirteen participants were exposed to six hours of hypobaric hypoxia, simulating an altitude of 4572 m. Participants completed two 30‐minute bouts of exercise during the early hours of hypoxic exposure to mimic typical activity required by those at high altitude. Pre‐ and post‐exposure blood samples were assessed for circulating markers of intestinal barrier injury and inflammation. Data below are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median [interquartile range]. Intestinal fatty acid binding protein (Δ251 [103–410] pg•mL−1; p = 0.002, d = 0.32), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (Δ2 ± 2.4 μg•mL−1; p = 0.011; d = 0.48), tumor necrosis factor‐α (Δ10.2 [3–42.2] pg•mL−1; p = 0.005; d = 0.25), interleukin‐1β (Δ1.5 [0–6.7] pg•mL−1 p = 0.042; d = 0.18), and interleukin‐1 receptor agonist (Δ3.4 [0.4–5.2] pg•mL−1p = 0.002; d = 0.23) increased from pre‐ to post‐hypoxia. Six of the 13 participants developed AMS; however, the pre‐ to post‐hypoxia changes for each marker were not different between those with and without AMS (p > 0.05 for all indices). These data provide evidence that high altitude exposures can lead to intestinal barrier injury, which may be an important consideration for mountaineers, military personnel, wildland firefighters, and athletes who travel to high altitudes to perform physical work or exercise.
Predicted the structural diversity and electronic properties of Pt−N compounds under high pressure
Authors: Feng Quanchao , Xiao Xun , Dai Wei , Sun Weiguo , Ding Kewei , Lu Cheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The nitrogen-rich transition metal nitrides have attracted considerable attention due to their potential application as high energy density materials. Here, a systematic theoretical study of PtN
x
compounds has been performed by combining first-principles calculations and particle swarm-optimized structure search method at high pressure. The results indicate that several unconventional stoichiometries of PtN2, PtN4, PtN5, and Pt3N4 compounds are stabilized at moderate pressure of 50 GPa. Moreover, some of these structures are dynamically stable even when the pressure release to ambient pressure. The P

1
ˉ

phase of PtN4 and the P

1
ˉ

phase of PtN5 can release about 1.23 kJ g−1 and 1.71 kJ g−1, respectively, upon the decomposition into elemental Pt and N2. The electronic structure analysis shows that all crystal structures are indirect band gap semiconductors, except for the metallic Pt3N4 with Pc phase, and the metallic Pt3N4 is a superconductor with estimated critical temperature T
c values of 3.6 K at 50 GPa. These findings not only enrich the understanding of transition metal platinum nitrides, but also provide valuable insights for the experimental exploration of multifunctional polynitrogen compounds.
Electronic properties and passivation mechanism of AlGaN/GaN heterojunction with vacancies: a DFT study
Authors: Li Leilei , He Shanshan , Tu Yuhang , Guo Bingrui , Liu Fei , He Shan , Li Qiuhong , Guo Donghui 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A significant issue for GaN-based high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) in high power devices is the material defect, particularly the defect states generated by the defects, which has a negative impact on the device carrier concentration and carrier transport. Based on density functional theory (DFT), we investigate the microscopic properties of different type point vacancies in the AlGaN/GaN heterojunction. It is found that N vacancy introduces defect states near the conduction band minimum (CBM) of the GaN layer and AlGaN/GaN interface. Ga and Al vacancies introduce defect states near the valence band maximum (VBM) in bulk and interface of AlGaN/GaN heterojunction. Moreover, Al vacancy is more likely to be an effective candidate for acceptor defect than Ga vacancy. We further study several AlGaN/GaN interface passivation schemes by introducing F, V group element P, and III group element B at the AlGaN/GaN heterojunction interface to analyze the passivation mechanism. According to the results of the passivation models, B passivation of Ga and Al vacancies is an effective method to completely remove the defect states from Ga and Al vacancy defects. Combining the III and V groups elements into the passivated process may be effective in achieving high-quality AlGaN/GaN heterojunction interface for the future GaN-based HEMTs fabrication.
The two-turn quantum games with continuous-variable strategies
Authors: Wang Nengfa , Yang Zhe 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the two-turn quantum games with continuous-variable strategies by adopting the Li-Du-Massar method and Frackiewicz quantum scheme. We find that the entanglement level of Li-Du-Massar quantum scheme has a negative effect on the quantum equilibrium payoffs, and the entanglement level of Frackiewicz quantum scheme has a positive effect on the quantum equilibrium payoffs. Our analysis allows us to add a new look at the quantum games.
He adsorption and sensing properties of graphene nanoflakes doped with Mo and Nb
Authors: Monadi Mohammad Mahdi , Rouhani Morteza , Aliabad Javad Mokhtari 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
DFT calculations have been performed to study the He adsorption on the surface of Mo-doped graphene and Nb-doped graphene nanoflakes in order to evaluate the capability of studied doped graphene sheets as effective gas sensor materials. The ωB97XD (including dispersion)/6-311++G(d,p) (LanL2DZ for Mo and Nb) level of theory were utilized in this investigation. The HOMO-LUMO gap (Eg) of the Mo-doped and Nb-doped graphene structures decreased upon He adsorption on both sheets (−37.77% and −8.33%, respectively). Therefore, the electrical conductivity of both surfaces have increased. However, alteration of the Eg value in Mo-doped graphene is very higher than that of Nb-doped graphene. So, the Mo-doped graphene is more sensitive to He molecule in comparison with Nb-doped graphene and it could be used as a gas sensor material to detect He gas. Variety analyses such as natural bond orbital (NBO), density of states (DOS), electron density distribution (ED), electron localization function (ELF) and non-covalent interaction-reduced density gradient (NCI-RDG) have been carried-out in order to better evaluate the He adsorption nature on the investigated surfaces.
Quantum cosmology, eternal inflation, and swampland conjectures
Authors: Fanaras Georgios , Vilenkin Alexander 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In light of the recent swampland conjectures, we explore quantum cosmology and eternal inflation beyond the slow roll regime.
We consider a model of a closed universe with a scalar field ϕ in the framework of tunneling approach to quantum cosmology. The scalar field potential is assumed to have a maximum at ϕ = 0 and can be approximated in its vicinity as V(ϕ)≈ 3H
2 - 1/2m
2
ϕ
2. Using the instanton method, we find that for m < 2H the dominant nucleation channel for the universe is tunneling to a homogeneous, spherical de Sitter space. For larger values of m/H, the most probable tunneling is to an inhomogeneous closed universe with a domain wall wrapped around its equator. We determine the quantum state of the field ϕ in the nucleated universe by solving the Wheeler-DeWitt equation with tunneling boundary conditions. Our results agree with earlier work which assumed a slow-roll regime m ≪ H. We finally show that spherical universes nucleating with m < 2H undergo stochastic eternal inflation with inflating regions forming a fractal of dimension d > 2. For larger values of m the field ϕ is unstable with respect to formation of domain walls and cannot be described by a perturbative stochastic approach.
Layered double hydroxides as electrode materials for flexible energy storage devices
Authors: Lin Qifeng , Wang Lili 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
To prevent and mitigate environmental degradation, high-performance and cost-effective electrochemical flexible energy storage systems need to be urgently developed. This demand has led to an increase in research on electrode materials for high-capacity flexible supercapacitors and secondary batteries, which have greatly aided the development of contemporary digital communications and electric vehicles. The use of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as electrode materials has shown productive results over the last decade, owing to their easy production, versatile composition, low cost, and excellent physicochemical features. This review highlights the distinctive 2D sheet-like structures and electrochemical characteristics of LDH materials, as well as current developments in their fabrication strategies for expanding the application scope of LDHs as electrode materials for flexible supercapacitors and alkali metal (Li, Na, K) ion batteries.
Narrow-bandwidth, extreme ultraviolet, spontaneous light-imaging technique for laser-driven magnetic reconnection studies
Authors: An H.H. , Xiong J. , Fang Z.H. , Wang W. , Sun J.R. , Wang C. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Laser-driven magnetic reconnection (LDMR) is an important research topic in the field of high-energy-density physics, such as laboratory astrophysics. In this study, the narrow bandwidth spontaneous light imaging (SLI) technique at the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) band is introduced to detect magnetic reconnection and the jets produced by LDMR. The EUV-based SLI technique will provide reference values for the verification of the results obtained with traditional methods.