bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CT-assessed sarcopenia and prognostic nutritional index are associated with poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Authors: Ohyama Yoshio , Inaba Yoshinori , Kubota Mako , Kanemaru Tomoki , Hasegawa Kazuki 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Recently, it has been reported that sarcopenia and nutritional evaluation are associated with the prognosis of patients with cancer; however, there are only a few detailed reports on oral cancer. This single center retrospective study aimed to analyze the relationship between computed tomography (CT)-defined sarcopenia, immunocompetence, nutritional status, and the prognosis of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
Methods
We included 146 patients who underwent initial radical surgery as first-line treatment for OSCC. Skeletal muscle in the third cervical vertebra (C3) was measured using preoperative cervical CT, and the skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated. Sarcopenia and nutritional status were investigated using blood tests. The correlation between each parameter and prognosis was analyzed. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Log-rank and chi-square tests were used to compare survival rates between groups, and multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model.
Results
Patients included 67 men and 79 women, from 20 to 94 years. The number of patients with sarcopenia defined using preoperative CT (CT-SP) was 76 (52%). In univariate analysis, CT-SP, prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) were associated with poor prognosis, with statistically significant differences in disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival. In multivariate analysis, only CT-SP was identified as an independent prognostic factor for DSS. A statistically significant correlation between CT-SP and PNI was found.
Conclusion
CT-SP is associated with a significant decrease in survival rate in patients with OSCC. Furthermore, CT-SP is correlated with PNI.
Induction of callus culture through plant growth regulators supplementation and the effect of elicitors on enhancement of betalain synthesis using Gomphrena globosa
Authors: Pari Meishiny , Lee Wan Qin , Wong Clement Kiing Fook , Yao Teh Chui 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Betalains are water soluble nitrogenous pigments produce by plants under the Caryophyllales order and has been favoured as a natural colourant in food and pharmaceutical industries due to its high stability towards pH and temperature over a wide range of food. There is a constant search for alternative source and technique for betalain production to meet the growing demand as conventional extraction method requires high quantity of plant material. Thus, this study sought to examine the potential of producing betalain through callus culture of a natural betalain bearing plant, Gomphrena globosa using different plant growth regulators (PGR) and to evaluate the effect of elicitation in enhancing betalain production. Callus induction from different explants showed that the percentage of callus induction (84.00-100.00%) from the leaf and hypocotyl explants was significantly higher than seeds (53.33%). A combination of 0.5 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) with 1.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) were found to be effective inducing pink callus in full strength MS medium. Elicitation with tyrosine was the most effective in enhancing the betacyanin content (red-violet pigments) followed by salicylic acid. The highest betacyanin content, 0.139 ± 0.035 mg/mg FW callus was obtained when 100 µM of tyrosine was supplied. Copper sulphate was found to be effective in increasing the callus size but not the betalain content. The callus size was about 13-fold bigger in MS medium supplemented with 25 µM copper sulphate compared to medium without elicitors. This is the first study reporting an optimised protocol in the production of pigmented callus containing betalain from G. globosa using a combination of PGRs consisting of 2,4-D and BAP. In addition, tyrosine can be used as a suitable elicitor to enhance betalain production which provides an alternative source of betalain for the commercial production of natural colorants.
Analysis of sub-daily polar motion derived from different estimation intervals
Authors: Peng Yaquan , Lou Yidong , Dai Xiaolei , Shi Chuang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the sub-daily polar motion (PM) derived from different estimation interval solutions ranging from 5-minute to 2-hour. By analyzing a 3-year continuous time series of the PM estimates using Global Positioning System (GPS) observations, we conclude that PM should be parameterized as piecewise constant for intervals no longer than 30 minutes, while piecewise linear parameterization is more appropriate for longer intervals. The inconsistencies between the estimates and the background sub-daily PM model become more pronounced as the estimation intervals become shorter. The results demonstrate that applying continuity constraints enhances the accuracy of PM rate parameter estimation by approximately 20%. However, it is noteworthy that continuous constraints significantly modify and smooth the high-frequency content of the signal in PM. Therefore, when employing piecewise linear estimation, it is not recommended to use continuity constraints. Moreover, we find that sub-daily PM estimates are influenced by artificial non-tidal signals, primarily caused by the resonance between the Earth rotation period and the satellite revolution period. These resonance signals are more obvious as the estimation interval becomes shorter, particularly at 4.8-hour and 8-hour periods in the prograde and retrograde spectra, respectively. Finally, we implemented a sub-daily PM series with a 5-minute temporal resolution and examined the recovery of the tidal coefficients for 38 tides. Overall, the residual signal amplitudes were generally small, with most of the main ocean tides below 5 µas. The largest residual signals were observed for S1 and K1 terms, with amplitudes of 13.1 and 18.0 µas, respectively.
Primary hepatoid adenocarcinoma of peritoneal cavity with postoperative CIK biotherapy
Authors: Guiqiu Liu , Meijing Ren , Zhe Ma , Chuanshan Zhang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Backgroud: Hepatoid adenocarcinoma(HAC) has been demonstrated to be an alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing carcinoma arising in extra hepatic organs. We report a primary hepatoid adenocarcinoma of peritoneal cavity with recurrence twice and review the clinicopathological features and prognosis to acquire better understanding of HAC.
Case presentation: We described a case of hepatoid adenocarcinoma of peritoneal cavity in a 64-year-old man. It presented as an abdominal swelling pain for 5 months and poor appetite for 1 month with elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Imaging examination including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated irregular soft tissue density mass of perisplenic peritoneal cavity with unclear margins. There weren’t definite abnormalities in stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas and bilateral kidneys. Grossly, a gray-whitish solid tumor of 15×10×5cm was recognized in the spleen hilum adipose tissue with incomplete membrane and part necrosis. Microscopically, the tumor components were arranged in trabecular, nests or glandular with polygonal cells of abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, sinuses and bilious generation which it was histologically reminiscent of hepatocellular carcinoma. The hepatoid adenocarcinoma exhibited immunohistochemical characteristics of both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma. The diagnosis could be identified with AFP, Arginase-1, hepatocyte paraffin antigen and Cytokeratin (CK) antibodies.
Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the rare case of HAC of peritoneal cavity. Due to its rarity, no standard treatment therapy has been established. We proceeded repeated cytokine-induced killer（CIK）biotherapy after operation. Unfortunately, the disease recurred at twice with continue high serum AFP and he died 49 months after initial presentation.
Small Target Detection Model in Aerial Images Based on YOLOv7X+
Authors: Li ShiQin , Liu Weisheng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Small target detection has always been a difficult task in UAV target acquisition. The detection accuracy is low due to the high proportion of small targets, severe mutual occlusion, low feature information and the presence of complex background in the target area. To solve this problem, we propose a high-accuracy small target detection model called YOLOv7X+, which aims to improve the accuracy of UAV small target detection and strike a balance between operational efficiency. The model effectively mitigates the problem of severe mutual occlusion of small targets by introducing the Conv2Formers module for finer feature extraction of spatial information. At the same time, we propose a Bi-level routing attention mechanism based on cavity convolution, which controls feature extraction and delivery at different levels while expanding the perceptual field, enhancing the model's ability to understand and detect the connections between dense small targets through pixel-level processing, making the model more robust in detecting dense small targets in complex and variable scenes, and retaining important background information to increase discriminative accuracy. Finally, the model also is taken into account the multi-dimensional input data under the UAV by adaptively adjusting the size of the convolution kernel to make the algorithm more adaptable to the actual scene requirements. Under the validation test IOU of 0.5, the YOLOv7X+ model achieves an average mean accuracy (mAP50) of 60.3%, which is 5.4% improvement in mAP compared to the original YOLOv7X model and outperforms five current advanced detection methods. The experimental data shows that the model can effectively handle small target detection tasks in complex scenarios and achieve a balance between detection accuracy and efficiency.
A study of the development of tertiary-level EFL learners’ deep learning competence in project-based learning
Authors: zuo hongshan , liu yingzi , zhang wenzhong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Currently, deep learning competence refers to a set of competences, which are mastering core academic content, thinking critically and solving complex problems, working collaboratively, communicating effectively, learning how to learn, and developing academic mindsets (William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, 2013). Although there is a general awareness of the significance of deep learning in learning and teaching among scholars and educators, the majority of existing research is concerned with theoretical discussion of deep learning, with relatively few empirical studies available. From the perspective of Activity Theory, this study discusses the development of students’ deep learning competence in PBL, and explores possible influencing factors. An empirical study was conducted in PBL, which is based on a course offered to first-year English majors in ** university. Data was collected through questionnaires, research journals and semi-structured interviews, and classroom observation. Results show that the students’ deep learning competence has improved significantly after the completion off PBL tasks, with improvement in all the six indicators of deep learning competence. In light of Activity Theory, this study discussed the main factors that affect the development of students’ deep learning competence in PBL.
Fragile Watermarking Scheme for Color Image Based on Prime Number Distribution Theory
Authors: Hao Weijie , Xie Ruixia , Du Qiaoqiao , Wang Jiuru , Zhang Wenyin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Color image digital watermarking technology is an important security protection technology to realize secret communication and content authentication. To better achieve the purpose of color image copyright protection, this paper proposes three watermark embedding schemes for color images based on the prime number distribution theory, embedding the RGB three channels of the color carrier image into binary watermark images of the same size to realize large-capacity watermark embedding. The scheme uses the Rivest Cipher 4 (RC4) encryption algorithm to securely encrypt the image information. During the watermark embedding process, the appropriate pixel value is selected for pixel replacement according to the division of the prime number set within 0-255. The experimental results show that the PSNR values of the three schemes are all greater than 40dB, and the NC values are all close to 1. Compared with the existing algorithms, the scheme proposed in this paper has a large embedding capacity, which can resist common image processing attacks while ensuring good imperceptibility of the watermark, and has good tamper detection and localization capabilities.
Immuno-Pathophysiological Evaluation of the Antidiabetic Efficacy of Natural and Synthetic Zeolite in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ashry Mahmoud , El-Bitar Alaa M.H. , Sultan Hussein A. , El-Sahra Doaa Galal , Abdel-Wahhab Khaled G. , Moustafa Mohssen A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background:
Natural products from various sources tend to be potential candidates for drug discovery; zeolite has valuable biopharmaceutical efficiencies because of its physical and chemical properties. The current study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic and preventive effect of both natural zeolite (NZ) and synthetic zeolite (SZ) against induced diabetes and its complication.
Methods:
Adult male rats were arranged in six groups: 1) normal control, 2) NZ-ingested (300 mg/kg/day), 3) SZ-ingested (300 mg/kg/day), 4) untreated induced-diabetics, 5) induced-diabetics treated with NZ (300 mg/kg/day), and 6) induced-diabetics treated with SZ (300 mg/kg/day).
Results:
Post treatment of induced-diabetic animals, the results declared that both NZ and SZ exhibited a remarkable drop in glucose, HbA1c, TNF-α and IL1β levels associated with a significant raise in insulin and CD4 + values towards the corresponding values of the control group. The histological findings performed a notable restoration of the islets’ architecture and size and ameliorated karyolysis. Also, immunohistochemical results showed a marked improvement in insulin immunoreactivity confirming the biochemical findings.
Conclusion:
These results concluded that both NZ and SZ zeolite exhibited preventive and anti-diabetic potential; this effect could be due to the amphoteric character preventive absorption of sugar, preventing beta cell and modify the disorders in the redox state.
GSDMD gene knockout alleviates hyperoxia-induced hippocampal brain injury in neonatal mice
Authors: Challa Naga Venkata Divya , Chen Shaoyi , Yun Huijun , Duncan Matthew R , Moreno Williams Javier , Bramlett Helen , Dietrich W Dalton , Benny Merline , Schmidt Augusto F , Young Karen , Wu Shu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Neonatal hyperoxia exposure is associated with brain injury and poor neurodevelopment outcomes in preterm infants. Our previous studies in neonatal rodent models have shown that hyperoxia stimulates the brain’s inflammasome pathway, leading to the activation of gasdermin D (GSDMD), a key executor of pyroptotic inflammatory cell death. Moreover, we found inhibition of GSDMD activation attenuates hyperoxia-induced brain injury in neonatal mice. We hypothesized that GSDMD plays a pathogenic role in hyperoxia-induced neonatal brain injury and that GSDMD gene knockout (KO) will alleviate hyperoxia-induced brain injury.
Methods: Newborn GSDMD knockout mice and their wildtype (WT) littermates were randomized within 24 h after birth to be exposed to room air or hyperoxia (85% O2) from postnatal day 1 to 14. Hippocampal brain inflammatory injury was assessed in brain sections by immunohistology for allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF1), a marker of microglial activation. Cell proliferation was evaluated by Ki-67 staining, and cell death was determined by TUNEL assay. RNA sequencing of the hippocampus was performed to identify the transcriptional effects of hyperoxia and GSDMD-KO, and qRT-PCR was performed to confirm some of the significantly regulated genes.
Results: Hyperoxia-exposed WT mice had increased microglia consistent with activation, which was associated with decreased cell proliferation and increased cell death in the hippocampal area. Conversely, hyperoxia-exposed GSDMD-KO mice exhibited considerable resistance to hyperoxia as O2 exposure failed to increase either AIF1+ or TUNEL+ cell numbers, nor decrease cell proliferation. Hyperoxia exposure differentially regulated 258 genes in WT and only 16 in GSDMD-KO mice compared to room air- exposed WT and GSDMD-KO, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that in the WT brain, hyperoxia differentially regulated genes associated with neuronal and vascular development and differentiation, axonogenesis, glial cell differentiation, and core development pathways hypoxia-induced factor 1, and neuronal growth factor pathways. These changes were prevented by GSDMD-KO.
Conclusion: GSDMD-KO alleviates hyperoxia-induced inflammatory injury, cell survival and death, and alterations of transcriptional gene expression of pathways involved in neuronal growth, development, and differentiation in the hippocampus of neonatal mice. This suggests that GSDMD plays a pathogenic role in preterm brain injury, and targeting GSDMD may be beneficial in preventing and treating brain injury and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants.
Evaluation of the thickness of coronary calcium by 60-MHz intravascular ultrasound: Head-to- head comparison with optical frequency domain imaging
Authors: Oshikiri Yuya , Ishida Masaru , Sakamoto Ryohei , Kimura Takumi , Shimoda Yudai , Koeda Yorihiko , Shimada Ryutaro , Itoh Tomonori , Morino Yoshihiro 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The region behind the coronary calcium could not be visualized by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) because of acoustic shadow. However, some pathological studies have shown that IVUS delineated the vessel border behind thin coronary calcium sheets. This study aimed to reveal whether recent IVUS can visualize the region behind thin coronary calcium sheets.
Methods
Using 534 cross-sectional optical frequency domain images (OFDI), including severe calcified coronary lesions, calcium sheet thickness was measured by every 1°. Accordingly, the visibility of the vessel border behind the coronary calcium sheet was evaluated using 60-MHz IVUS images, which were longitudinally linked with OFDI ones. After carefully coordinating with the axial position, the association between the IVUS-derived permeability of the coronary calcium sheet and calcium thickness was evaluated.
Results
The maximum and mean calcium thickness by OFDI was 0.88 ± 0.39 and 0.62 ± 0.30 mm, respectively. By 60-MHz IVUS, 12.1% of the coronary calcium sheets had permeable segments. Comparing between OFDI and IVUS images, 48.6% of the coronary calcium sheets with maximum thickness ≤ 0.3 mm were sometimes permeable by 60-MHz IVUS, whereas most > 0.5-mm thick calcium sheets were impermeable. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the best cutoff values for the maximum and mean thickness of permeable calcium were 0.48 and 0.31 mm, respectively.
Conclusion
Thus, 60-MHz IVUS can occasionally visualize the region behind a thin coronary calcium sheet. When using 60-MHz IVUS, this finding may be a predictive marker of calcium sheet with a thickness of < 0.5 mm.
Establishment and Validation of a Prognostic Scoring Model Based on Disulfidptosis-related Long Non-Coding RNAs in Stomach Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xing Weiming , Zhang Hao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Stomach adenocarcinoma, a frequently occurring gastrointestinal tumour, is often detected late and has a poor prognosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) significantly affect tumour development. Recent studies have identified disulfidptosis as a previously unexplained form of cell death. Herein, we aimed to examine the predictive value of disulfidptosis-related lncRNA models for the clinical prognosis and immunotherapy of stomach adenocarcinoma.
Methods: Stomach adenocarcinoma-related transcriptomic data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas, whereas genes associated with disulfidptosis were identified from previously published papers. A risk prediction model for disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs was developed using the Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage selection algorithm methods. The accuracy of the model was confirmed using calibration curves, and the biological functions were analysed using Gene Ontology and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Finally, the tumour mutation burden and tumour immune dysfunction and exclusion algorithms were used to screen drugs that are sensitive to stomach adenocarcinoma.
RESULTS: The risk prediction models were constructed using seven disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs. The validated results were consistent with the predicted ones, with significant survival differences. When combined with clinical data, the risk scores were used as independent prognostic markers. Based on the tumour mutation load, the high-risk patient group had a poorer survival rate as compared with the low-risk patient group. Further studies were conducted to understand the different groups' inconsistent responses to immune status; subsequently, relatively sensitive drugs were identified.
Conclusion: Overall, seven markers of disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs associated with stomach adenocarcinoma were found to facilitate prognostic prediction, suggesting new ideas for immunotherapy and clinical applications.
3D Ear recognition using rigid point set registration and coherent point drift algorithm
Authors: Mehta Ravishankar , Ujjwal Gyan , Singh Koushlendra Kumar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we present an approach to recognition3D ear based on the coherent point drift (CPD) method with rigid point set registration and EM optimization algorithm. The proposed work automatically detects the pit point and nose index from the 3D ear image. The corresponding features of the detected points of the input 3D ear are passed to the CPD algorithm for alignment and matching of detected points. The coherent point drift (CPD) algorithm works fine with rigid and non-rigid point set registration. The proposed algorithm used the CPD method for rigid point set registration. Since the anatomical structure of the ear consists of many intrinsic unique feature points, the alignment between two such point sets becomes easier to recover the transformation from one point set to the other. The performance of the proposed work has been validated on the UND collection J2 ear dataset which is unconstrained in nature. Here, illumination changes, pose variations, occlusion by earrings, rotation, and hair are included in this dataset. So these significant challenges are overcome by the proposed algorithm. The experimental result on these datasets shows that the proposed method is effective and feasible under varying environmental conditions. The result of the proposed algorithm shows that CPD based approach can accurately identify a person based on their 3D ear point data and compete with the other state-of-the-art method.