bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engaging Undergraduate Students in Collaborative Field Research with the U.S. National Weather Service: The SCORCHER Study
Authors: Crosman Erik , Ward Aaron M. , Bieda Stephen W. , Lindley T. Todd , Gittinger Mike , Pal Sandip , Vepuri Hemanth 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
While numerous collaborations exist between the atmospheric sciences research community and the U.S. National Weather Service (NWS), collaborative research field studies between undergraduate (UG) students at universities and the NWS are less common. The Summertime Canyon Observations and Research to Characterize Heat Extreme Regimes (SCORCHER) study was an UG student-driven research field campaign conducted in Palo Duro Canyon State Park, Texas, United States, during the summer of 2021. The SCORCHER campaign was mainly aimed at improving our basic scientific understanding of extreme heat, public safety, and forecasting applications, and creating an empowering UG educational field research experience. This “In Box” article highlights the collaborative study design, execution, and lessons learned.
Upstream Large-Scale Control of Subtropical Low-Cloud Climatology
Authors: Lewis Hamish , Bellon Gilles , Dinh Tra 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of the adjustment times of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) on the control of low-cloud coverage (LCC) climatology by large-scale atmospheric conditions in the subtropics. Using monthly data, we calculate back-trajectories and use machine learning statistical models with feature selection capabilities to determine the influence of local and upstream large-scale conditions on LCC for four physical cloud regimes: the stratocumulus (Sc) deck, the along-flow transition into the Sc deck (“Inflow”), the Sc-to-cumulus transition, and trade-cumulus clouds. All four regimes have unique local and upstream relationships with the large-scale meteorological variables within our parameter space, with upstream controls of LCC being the dominant processes in Sc deck and Sc-to-cumulus transition regimes. The time scales associated with these upstream controls across all regimes are consistent with known adjustment time scales of the ABL, determined in both modeling and observational studies. We find that low-level thermodynamic stratification (estimated inversion strength) is not the most important large-scale variable for LCC prediction in transition and trade-cumulus regimes despite its ubiquitous use as a proxy for LCC throughout the subtropics. Including upstream control provides significant improvements to the skill of statistical models predicting monthly LCC, increasing explained variance on the order of 15% in the Inflow, Sc deck, and transition regimes, but provides no improvement in the trade-cumulus regime.
Brazil’s Cultural Battleground: Public Universities and the New Right
Authors: Fiori Juliano , Fiori Arantes Pedro 
Published: February 2023

After assuming the presidency in January 2019, Bolsonaro used the machinery of government to wage culture warfare. Public universities, sites of cultivation of a new moral radicalism of the left over recent decades, became primary cultural battlegrounds. With its attacks on public universities (demonization, unconstitutional government interference, budget cuts, and political persecution), Bolsonaro’s government nurtured the reactionary imagination of Brazil’s new right and challenged the cultural hegemony of the left and thus undermined a biopolitical pact that once tied public universities to the defense of a right to life. Depois de assumir a presidência em Janeiro 2019, Bolsonaro utilizou a máquina do governo para fazer uma guerra cultural. As universidades públicas, viveiros pela formação de um novo radicalismo moral da esquerda durante as últimas décadas, se convertiram em importantes campos de batalha culturais nessa guerra. Com sua ofensiva contra as universidades públicas (demonização, interferência do governo inconstitucional, cortes orçamentais e persecuções políticas), o governo Bolsonaro fomentou um imaginário reacionário na direita brasileira que desafiou a hegemonia cultural da esquerda e, por conseguinte, minou um pacto biopolítico que anteriormente vinculava as universidades públicas à defesa do direito à vida.
Brazil and the “Bolsonaro Phenomenon”: Politics, the Economy, and the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2019–2020
Authors: Moura de Oliveira Gustavo , Verissimo Veronese Marília 
Published: February 2023

From a document corpus taken from leading journals recording the discourses and actions of President Jair Bolsonaro and his team in managing the economy, politics, and the COVID-19 pandemic, it is more than clear that this administration refuses to play by the rules of the democratic game. There is a close relationship between the authoritarian administration and the naturalization of a logic that prioritizes market interests above all, producing an ultra-neoliberalism that not only operates within the economic and financial sphere but also produces antidemocratic modes of social subjectivity. Segundo um corpus de documentos proveniente dos jornais principais que registravam os discursos e ações do Presidente Jair Bolsonaro e seu equipe com respeito a sua gerência da economia, da polítca e da pandemia do COVID-19, fica muito claro que este governo se recusa a cumprir as regras do jogo democrático. Ademais, existe uma relação íntima entre o governo autoritário e a uniformização de uma lógica que prioriza os interesses do mercado sobre todo, produzindo um ultra-neoliberalismo que não somente opera dentro da esféra econômica e financeira mas também gera modos antidemocráticos de subjetividade social.
Reflecting on challenges and opportunities for the practice of person-centred rehabilitation
Authors: Kayes Nicola M , Papadimitriou Christina 
Published: February 2023

Objectives To (1) reflect on challenges to the practice of person-centred rehabilitation; and (2) propose opportunities for the development of person-centred rehabilitation. Challenges Person-centred practice has received widespread endorsement across healthcare settings and is understood to be an important, positive approach in rehabilitation. However, the rhetoric of this approach does not always translate meaningfully into practice. Emphasis on patient choice, patient involvement in decision making, and increasing patient capacity for self-management have become a proxy for person-centred rehabilitation in lieu of a more fundamental shift in practice and healthcare structures. System (e.g. biomedical orientation), organisational (e.g. key performance indicators) and professional (e.g. identity as expert) factors compete with person-centred rehabilitation. Opportunities Four key recommendations for the development of person-centred rehabilitation are proposed including to: (1) develop a principles-based approach to person-centred rehabilitation; (2) move away from the dichotomy of person-centred (or not) rehabilitation; (3) build person-centred cultures of care in rehabilitation; and (4) learn from diverse perspectives of person-centred rehabilitation. Conclusion Fixed assumptions about what constitutes person-centred rehabilitation may limit our ability to respond to the needs of persons and families. Embedding person-centred ways of working is challenging due to the competing drivers and interests of healthcare systems and organisations. A principles-based approach, enabled by person-centred cultures of care, may achieve the aspirations of person-centred rehabilitation.
The relationship between connexin-43 expression and Ki67 in non-glial central nervous system tumors
Authors: Krigers Aleksandrs , Moser Patrizia , Fritsch Helga , Demetz Matthias , Kerschbaumer Johannes , Brawanski Konstantin R. , Thomé Claudius , Freyschlag Christian F. 
Published: February 2023

Background Advanced intercellular communication is a known oncogenic factor. In the central nervous system, Connexin-43 (Cx43) forms this junctional networking. Moreover, it correlates with the proliferation rate, and thus behavior, of gliomas. We assessed the expression of Cx43 and its relationship to Ki67 in other common central nervous system tumors. Methods The expression of Cx43 and Ki67 were assessed in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples of human brain metastases, meningiomas, and neurinomas using immunohistochemistry. Neurinomas and meningiomas were jointly evaluated due to similar non-malignant behavior. Results A total of 14 metastases of different extracerebral carcinomas, 6 meningiomas, and 10 neurinomas were evaluated. Five (36%) metastases and 5 (31%) meningiomas/neurinomas showed minor expression, whereas 6 (43%) metastases and 2 (13%) meningiomas/neurinomas showed no Cx43 expression at all. In 3 (21%) metastases and 9 (56%) meningiomas/neurinomas, moderate or strong expression of Cx43 was identified. The higher expression of Cx43 in meningiomas and neurinomas directly correlated with Ki67, r = 0.53 ( P = 0.034). For metastases no significant correlation was found. Mitotic index in meningiomas/neurinomas correlated with Ki67 expression, r = 0.74 ( P < 0.001), but did not show statistically significant correlation with Cx43 expression in these tumors. Conclusions The expression of Cx43 as a marker of cell-to-cell networking exposed a significant correlation with the Ki67-defined proliferation index in case of primary central nervous system neuroectodermal neoplasms. However, it does not seem to play a comparable role in metastases with extracerebral origin.
Sex-Moderated Socio-Labor Aspects as Mediators of a Cognitive Stimulation Program in Older Adults: Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Calatayud Estela , Ferreira Chelo , Oliván-Blázquez Bárbara , Aguilar-Latorre Alejandra , Gómez-Soria Isabel 
Published: February 2023

Cognitive stimulation is essential for successful aging. The influence of sex and socio-occupational elements on this area remains unknown. This study aimed to analyze the possible mediation of those elements in the effectiveness of a cognitive stimulation program in primary care. A randomized clinical trial was conducted with 232 adults aged 65 years or older without cognitive impairment. The intervention produced significant cognitive improvements. Women improved independently of social and occupational factors, while men’s improvement occurred at a low role level (zero to one), a medium level of interests (two to three), with a medium level of mental occupation (neither high nor low), and with marked personal values. The mediating variables were the intervention group in both sexes and, also in men, a low and medium role level. Therefore, the intervention and roles appear as mediating variables moderated by sex. In conclusion, cognitive stimulation programs should be adapted.
Supporting ethical end-of-life care during pandemic: Palliative care team perspectives
Authors: De Luca Enrico , Sena Barbara , Cataldi Silvia 
Published: February 2023

Background Italy was the first European country to be involved with the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, many healthcare professionals were deployed and suddenly faced end-of-life care management and its challenges. Aims To understand the experiences of palliative care professionals deployed in supporting emergency and critical care staff during the COVID-19 first and second pandemic waves. Research design A qualitative descriptive design was adopted, and in-depth interviews were used to investigate and analyse participants’ perceptions and points of view. Participants and research context Twenty-four healthcare professionals (physicians, nurses, psychologists, physiotherapists, and spiritual support) from the most affected areas of Italy were recruited via the Italian society of palliative care and researchers’ network. Ethical considerations The University Institutional Board granted ethical approval. Participants gave written informed consent and agreed to be video-recorded. Findings The overarching theme highlighted participants’ experience supporting health professionals to negotiate ethical complexity in end-of-life care. Crucial topics that emerged within themes were: training emergency department professionals on ethical dimensions of palliative and end-of-life care, preserving dying patients’ dignity and developing ethical competence in managing end-of-life care. Conclusions Our study showed palliative care teams’ challenges in supporting health professionals’ ethical awareness in emergencies. However, while they highlighted their concerns in dealing with the emergency staff’s lack of ethical perspectives, they also reported the positive impact of an ethically-informed palliative care approach. Lastly, this study illuminates how palliative care professionals’ clinical and ethical competence might have assisted a cultural change in caring for dying patients during COVID-19 and future emergencies.
Predictors of lenalidomide maintenance duration after autologous stem cell transplant in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Rath Carolyn , Yoo Claude , Cheplowitz Halle , Lo Mimi , Young Rebecca , Guglielmo Julie , Saunders Ila M. , Banerjee Rahul , Young Richard , Kumar Anupama , Chung Alfred , Rosenberg Aaron Seth , Costello Caitlin , Fine Jeffrey , Wilson Machelle , Patel Nimish , Banez Marisela Tan 
Published: February 2023

Background For patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who have undergone autologous stem cell transplant (auto-SCT), the immunomodulatory agent lenalidomide is a first-line option for maintenance therapy. Because longer durations of lenalidomide maintenance are associated with improved survival, identifying strategies to avoid premature cessation of maintenance is an important priority in the post-transplant setting. Objectives The primary objective of this analysis was to identify specific clinical predictors of lenalidomide treatment duration that could guide optimal medication management. Key secondary objectives included predictors of intolerable toxicity, rationale for lenalidomide dose reduction/discontinuation, and characterization of dose adjustments. Study Design This retrospective, multi-center cohort study included adults with MM who underwent auto-SCT and initiated maintenance lenalidomide between 01/01/2012 and 02/28/2021. Variables assessed as potential predictors of maintenance duration or intolerable toxicity included age, body mass index (BMI), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status at time of auto-SCT, renal function, initial lenalidomide dose, use of combination maintenance therapy, and cytogenetic risk category. Results Among 299 patients included, the median age at time of auto-SCT was 62 years (range 30–77). The majority of patients had standard-risk cytogenetics (64%) and an ECOG performance status of 0 or 1 (72%). In the overall population, the median duration of maintenance was 1.3 years (range 0.3–8.6 years). The median initial dose of lenalidomide was 10 mg daily (range 2.5–25 mg). During the study period, 35% of patients had a dose reduction due to toxicity, 21% stopped lenalidomide due to disease progression, and 19% stopped due to toxicity. Multivariate linear regression analyses did not identify any significant predictors of lenalidomide duration or discontinuation due to intolerable toxicity. The most frequently reported toxicities leading to discontinuation were cytopenias, rash, and fatigue. Conclusion This analysis did not identify any significant risk factors to predict the duration of lenalidomide maintenance or discontinuation for toxicity following auto-SCT in patients with MM. While limited by the retrospective design and relatively small sample size, our findings suggest that a priori lenalidomide dose reductions based on patient co-morbidities or performance status may not substantially affect the duration of lenalidomide maintenance.
Trachoma, the world's leading infectious cause of blindness: The remaining gap in care and access to basic handwashing facilities
Authors: Wu Tiffany J , Reynolds Margaret M 
Published: February 2023

Purpose Trachoma, the world's leading infectious cause of blindness, has been targeted by the WHO for elimination through the SAFE strategy: surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness, and environmental improvement. Although significant progress has been made, there remains a gap in care. This project studied the association of geographical distribution of the remaining need for trachoma intervention and its association with access to basic handwashing facilities at home, as an indicator of water/sanitation infrastructure. We hypothesized that poor water sanitation would correspond to areas where trachoma intervention is still required. Design Retrospective analysis using the WHO Global Health Observatory. Spatial, correlation, and simple and multivariable regression analyses were used. Methods Using data from the WHO Global Health Observatory, a total of 194 countries were analyzed. Two choropleth maps were created, with inset maps focused on the South Pacific region, where the top 5 countries with the greatest population proportion requiring trachoma intervention are located. Results Correlations and the simple regression model of total population with access to handwashing facilities as the only risk factor were insignificant. However, the multivariable regression models with access to handwashing facilities (total, urban, and rural) and population density as risk factors for trachoma intervention were significant. Conclusion Poor water/sanitation infrastructure correlates with trachoma burden. Therefore, water/sanitation infrastructure improvement is a worthwhile target in the efforts toward trachoma elimination, but further research on the association between these important public health indicators is warranted.
A systematic review and synthesis of global stroke guidelines on behalf of the World Stroke Organization
Authors: Mead Gillian E , Sposato Luciano A , Sampaio Silva Gisele , Yperzeele Laetitia , Wu Simiao , Kutlubaev Mansur , Cheyne Joshua , Wahab Kolawole , Urrutia Victor C , Sharma Vijay K , Sylaja PN , Hill Kelvin , Steiner Thorsten , Liebeskind David S , Rabinstein Alejandro A 
Published: February 2023

Background: There are multiple stroke guidelines globally. To synthesize these and summarize what existing stroke guidelines recommend about the management of people with stroke, the World Stroke Organization (WSO) Guideline committee, under the auspices of the WSO, reviewed available guidelines. Aims: To systematically review the literature to identify stroke guidelines (excluding primary stroke prevention and subarachnoid hemorrhage) since 1 January 2011, evaluate quality (The international Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation (AGREE II)), tabulate strong recommendations, and judge applicability according to stroke care available (minimal, essential, advanced). Summary of review: Searches identified 15,400 titles; 911 texts were retrieved, 200 publications scrutinized by the three subgroups (acute, secondary prevention, rehabilitation), and recommendations extracted from most recent version of relevant guidelines. For acute treatment, there were more guidelines about ischemic stroke than intracerebral hemorrhage; recommendations addressed pre-hospital, emergency, and acute hospital care. Strong recommendations were made for reperfusion therapies for acute ischemic stroke. For secondary prevention, strong recommendations included establishing etiological diagnosis; management of hypertension, weight, diabetes, lipids, and lifestyle modification; and for ischemic stroke, management of atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, left ventricular and atrial thrombi, patent foramen ovale, atherosclerotic extracranial large vessel disease, intracranial atherosclerotic disease, and antithrombotics in non-cardioembolic stroke. For rehabilitation, there were strong recommendations for organized stroke unit care, multidisciplinary rehabilitation, task-specific training, fitness training, and specific interventions for post-stroke impairments. Most recommendations were from high-income countries, and most did not consider comorbidity, resource implications, and implementation. Patient and public involvement was limited. Conclusion: The review identified a number of areas of stroke care where there was strong consensus. However, there was extensive repetition and redundancy in guideline recommendations. Future guideline groups should consider closer collaboration to improve efficiency, include more people with lived experience in the development process, consider comorbidity, and advise on implementation.
Rural and Urban Home Modification Program Users: A Comparative Study
Authors: Semeah Luz M. , Orozco Tatiana , Wang Xinping , Ahonle Zaccheus J. , Cowper-Ripley Diane , Ganesh Shanti P. , Wilson Lauren K. , Litt Eric R. , Ahern Justin K. , Roman Leslie M. Santos , Varma Deepthi Satheesa , Lee Mi Jung , Novak Jonathan R. , Jia Huanguang 
Published: February 2023

Objective: To understand the sociodemographic, geographical, and clinical characteristics of rural veterans utilizing home modification (HM) healthcare services under the Home Improvement Structural Alterations (HISA) program, to compare these characteristics between rural and urban veteran users, to estimate the costs of HMs performed, and to present distance that users traveled to HISA-prescribing medical facilities within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Background: Accessible housing is in short supply. HMs allow veterans with disabilities (VWDs) to remain living at home rather than enter institutional-type settings. HISA is associated with decreased inpatient hospitalization rates and increased use of preventative healthcare via outpatient clinic visits. Home accessibility provides psychological benefits improving social interactions and interaction with the physical environment. Methods: This retrospective database study analyzes data from the National Prosthetics Patient Database and other medical datasets within the VHA. Results: Results provide a profile of and comparison between rural and urban veteran users. HISA users are substantially older compared to younger VWDs. The frequency of bathroom, railing, and wooden ramp HMs differed significantly between rural and urban users ( p values < .001). Rural users traveled more miles than urban users to reach a prescribing facility. Conclusions: Older adults and individuals with disabilities have unmet housing needs since accessible housing is in short supply. This HM healthcare service is helping to meet the housing accessibility needs of older veterans, VWDs, older adults, and people with disabilities, in general.
Myelomatous pleural effusion in a cat diagnosed with multiple myeloma
Authors: Amalbert Tancrède , Canonne Aude Morgane , Béguin Jérémy 
Published: February 2023

Case summary A 10-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair cat was presented with a 3-day history of dyspnoea, chronic lethargy and inappetence. A bilateral pleural effusion was identified by thoracic ultrasound, and cytological examination revealed numerous atypical plasma cells. Biochemistry and serum protein electrophoresis revealed a severe hyperglobulinaemia associated with a monoclonal gammopathy. A moderate non-regenerative anaemia was also noted. Multiple bone lytic lesions were detected, and marked plasmacytosis was observed on bone marrow aspirates. Chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and prednisolone was initiated but did not result in any clinical or biological response, and pleural effusion recurred. Lack of therapeutic response led to euthanasia 2 months after diagnosis. Relevance and novel information This is the first description of a myelomatous pleural effusion in a cat diagnosed with multiple myeloma and should be considered as one of the possible differential diagnoses for cats presented with pleural effusion and hyperglobulinaemia. The diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of this manifestation are discussed.