bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimally Invasive Removal of Leukotrichia and Hair Transplantation: A 2-Step Surgery in the Treatment of Stable Follicular Vitiligo
Authors: Zhang Jiarui , Qu Qian , Fan Zhexiang , Guo Yilong , Chen Ruosi , Hu Zhiqi , Miao Yong 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Follicular vitiligo is a distinct subtype of vitiligo characterized by the selective destruction of the follicular melanocytic reservoir. Treatment of follicular vitiligo–associated leukotrichia has always been a clinical challenge.

Methods:
Twenty participants (mean age, 29 years) with stable follicular vitiligo were recruited between 2020 and 2021 for 2-stage surgery. In stage 1, an incision around the vitiligo lesion was performed to subcutaneously dissect and scrape the leukotrichia. In stage 2, healthy follicles obtained from the occipital donor site were transplanted into the vitiligo area. Follow-up examinations were conducted for 1 year postoperatively using a camera and dermatoscope to observe the growth rate, color, and surviving number of the transplanted hairs. Patient satisfaction was recorded to evaluate the potential surgical improvement.

Results:
The transplanted hair grew with natural texture, as expected. The average survival rate of the transplanted hair follicles was 93.8%. No recurrence of leukotrichia was observed in the recipient area. No complications were observed, and the postoperative scars in the recipient area were entirely covered by black hair. All patients were satisfied with their resulting appearance.

Conclusion:
Minimally invasive removal of leukotrichia combined with hair transplantation might be an appropriate surgical option for stable follicular vitiligo to create natural and stable pigmented hair.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Large scale phenotyping of long COVID inflammation reveals mechanistic subtypes of disease
Authors: Liew Felicity , Efstathiou Claudia , Fontanella Sara , Richardson Matthew , Saunders Ruth , Swieboda Dawid , Sidhu Jasmin K. , Ascough Stephanie , Moore Shona C. , Mohamed Noura , Nunag Jose , King Clara , Leavy Olivia C. , Elneima Omer , McAuley Hamish J.C. , Shikotra Aarti , Singapuri Amisha , Sereno Marco , Harris Victoria C , Houchen-Wolloff Linzy , Greening Neil J , Lone Nazir I , Thorpe Matthew , Roger Thompson A. A. , Rowland-Jones Sarah L. , Docherty Annemarie B. , Chalmers James D. , Ho Ling-Pei , Horsley Alexander , Raman Betty , Poinasamy Krisnah , Marks Michael , Kon Onn Min , Howard Luke , Wootton Daniel G. , Quint Jennifer K. , de Silva Thushan I. , Ho Antonia , Chiu Christopher , Harrison Ewen M , Greenhalf William , Kenneth Baillie J. , Semple Malcolm G. , Evans Rachael A. , Wain Louise V. , Brightling Christopher , Turtle Lance , Thwaites Ryan S. , Openshaw Peter J.M. ,   ISARIC4C Investigators and the PHOSP-COVID collaborative group
Published: June 2023

AbstractOne in ten SARS-CoV-2 infections result in prolonged symptoms termed ‘long COVID’, yet disease phenotypes and mechanisms are poorly understood. We studied the blood proteome of 719 adults, grouped by long COVID symptoms. Elevated markers of monocytic inflammation and complement activation were associated with increased likelihood of all symptoms. Elevated IL1R2, MATN2 and COLEC12 associated with cardiorespiratory symptoms, fatigue, and anxiety/depression, while elevated MATN2 and DPP10 associated with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and elevated C1QA was associated with cognitive impairment (the proteome of those with cognitive impairment and GI symptoms being most distinct). Markers of neuroinflammation distinguished cognitive impairment whilst elevated SCG3, indicative of brain-gut axis disturbance, distinguished those with GI symptoms. Women had a higher incidence of long COVID and higher inflammatory markers. Symptoms did not associate with respiratory inflammation or persistent virus in sputum. Thus, persistent inflammation is evident in long COVID, distinct profiles being associated with specific symptoms.
Construction and Evaluation of China Elderly Care Service Smart Supply Chain System
Authors: Dai You-Yu , Liu Guanlong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith the continuous deepening of the population aging degree, the pressure on social pensions has gradually increased, and the problem of pensions has become a must to be solved. With the development of science and technology, people’s living standard is constantly improving. The demand of the elderly group for old-age service is not only limited to the basic daily life of individuals before; it is moving toward the need for services that make people happier and healthier, how to integrate modern science and technology with the old-age service industry to make it serve the old-age industry better. This research is about constructing and evaluating the intelligent supply chain of Chinese old-age service. Based on the research results of previous scholars, this paper divides the construction of the intelligent supply chain of China endowment service into four aspects: policy aspect, economic aspect, social aspect, and technical aspect; the four significant aspects are divided into the first-level indicators, and 16 second-level indicators are divided under the first-level indicators. The importance and satisfaction of each evaluation index were obtained by distributing questionnaires to the managers who study the supply chain and the employees who are related to the old-age service. After the reliability analysis, the IPA quadrant analysis chart of the evaluation index was constructed using importance-performance analysis. The index of constructing an intelligent supply chain system for China old-age service is given priority, the supply chain system of China old-age service is further improved, and the social security of China old-age service is enlarged.
Life after patent: Drug price dynamics and cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Serra-Burriel Miquel , Martin-Bassols Nicolau , Perényi Gellért , Vokinger Kerstin N. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study analyzed the effects of patent expiration on drug prices in eight countries (US, UK, Cana-da, Australia, Japan, France, Germany, and Switzerland) and the impact of these price dynamics in cost-effectiveness assessments. First, using an event study design, we showed that average prices of drugs substantially decreased eight years after patent expiration. Then, to assess the implications of this finding for cost-effectiveness assessments, a theoretical cost-effectiveness model simulated two real-world scenarios: (1) the comparator drug was a generic and the patent of the new drug expired after market entry; (2) the comparator drug was also under patent protection, but the patent expired prior to the patent of the new drug. Not accounting for genericization or patent expiration of the com-parator drug resulted in an underestimation or overestimation of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios, respectively. Our pricing dynamic estimates can be applied to base-case analyses of cost-effectiveness models.
MaTiLDA: An Integrated Machine Learning and Topological Data Analysis Platform for Brain Network Dynamics
Authors: Prantzalos Katrina , Upadhyaya Dipak , Shafiabadi Nassim , Gurski Nick , Fernandez-BacaVaca Guadalupe , Yoshimoto Kenneth , Sivagnanam Subhashini , Majumdar Amitava , Sahoo Satya S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTopological data analysis (TDA) is a powerful approach for investigating complex relationships in brain networks; however, its application requires substantial domain knowledge in programming, mathematics, and data science, especially in the context of data-driven approaches like machine learning (ML). To address this educational barrier, we introduce MaTiLDA, a graphical user interface that enables exploration of common representations of TDA features and their efficacy in various classical machine learning models. This user-friendly tool is the first graphical user interface built to explore TDA representations in machine learning applications. MaTiLDA provides a user-centric method for characterizing complex neural relationships using TDA techniques. To demonstrate the utility of MaTiLDA in characterizing brain network dynamics, we apply this workflow to a cohort of 4 refractory epilepsy patients and evaluate the predictive performance of various TDA feature representations in a series of ML models.The MaTiLDA application can be accessed throughhttps://bmhinformatics.case.edu/nic/MaTiLDA
User adherence and perceptions of a Volunteer-Led Telemonitoring and Teleorientation Service for COVID-19 community management in Peru: The COVIDA project
Authors: Escobar-Agreda Stefan , Silva-Valencia Javier , Soto-Becerra Percy , Reategui-Rivera C. Mahony , De la Cruz-Torralva Kelly , Chahuara-Rojas Max , Hernandez-Iriarte Bruno , Espinoza-Herrera Daniel Hector , Delgado Carlos A. , Matassini Eyzaguirre Silvana M. , Vargas-Herrera Javier , Rojas-Mezarina Leonardo 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundDuring the pandemic in Peru, the COVIDA project proposed an innovative way to provide telemonitoring and teleorientation to COVID-19 pandemics led by health student volunteers. However, it has not been described how this interaction is perceived from the user’s perspective. The aim of this study is to describe the adherence and perceptions of users about COVIDA.MethodsA mixed-method study was conducted to evaluate the adherence and perceptions of COVIDA users. This telehealth intervention implemented in Peru from August to December 2020 involved daily phone-calls by volunteer students to monitor registered users for 14 days or until a warning sign was identified. The volunteers also provided teleorientation to address the users’ needs and concerns. Quantitative analysis described the characteristics of users and assessed the factors related to adherence to the service. Qualitative analysis trough semi-structured interviews evaluated the user’s perceptions about the service.ResultsOf the 778 users enrolled in COVIDA, 397 (54.7%) were female and had a mean age of 41 years (SD: 15.3). During the monitoring, 380 users (44.4%) developed symptoms, and 471 (55.5%) showed warning signs for COVID-19. The overall median of adherence was 93% (p25:36%, p75:100%). Among those users who did not develop warning symptoms, a high level of adherence (>66%) was seen predominantly in users that developed symptoms and those with a positive COVID-19 test (p<0.05). Users referred that the information provided by volunteers was clear and valuable and, their accompaniment provided them with emotional support. Communications via phone calls were developed fluently without interruptions.ConclusionsCOVIDA represented an affordable, well-accepted, and perceived alternative model for telemonitoring, teleorientation and emotional support from student volunteers to users with diseases such as COVID-19 in a context of overwhelmed demand for healthcare services.
Multi-omics analysis in human retina uncovers ultraconservedcis-regulatory elements at rare eye disease loci
Authors: Soriano Victor Lopez , Rey Alfredo Dueñas , Mukherjee Rajarshi ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Coppieters Frauke , Bauwens Miriam , Willaert Andy , De Baere Elfride 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTCross-species genome comparisons have revealed a substantial number of ultraconserved non-coding elements (UCNEs). Several of these elements have proved to be essential tissue- and cell type-specificcis-regulators of developmental gene expression. Here, we characterized a set of UCNEs as candidate CREs (cCREs) during retinal development and evaluated the contribution of their genomic variation to rare eye diseases, for which pathogenic non-coding variants are emerging. Integration of bulk and single-cell retinal multi-omics data revealed 594 genes under potentialcis-regulatory control of UCNEs, of which 45 are implicated in rare eye disease. Mining of candidatecis-regulatory UCNEs in WGS data derived from the rare eye disease cohort of Genomics England revealed 178 ultrarare variants within 84 UCNEs associated with 29 disease genes. Overall, we provide a comprehensive annotation of ultraconserved non-coding regions acting as cCREs during retinal development which can be targets of non-coding variation underlying rare eye diseases.
Importation models for travel-related SARS-CoV-2 cases reported in Newfoundland and Labrador during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mohammadi Zahra , Cojocaru Monica , Arino Julien , Hurford Amy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Organization updated guidelines for travel measure implementation to recommend consideration of a region’s specific epidemiological, health system, and socioeconomic context. Region-specific data, analysis, and models are needed to support risk assessment frameworks based on these updated guidelines. During the pandemic, the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) implemented travel measures that applied to non-residents of NL, and NL residents that worked outside the province. We found that during the pandemic travel to NL decreased by 82%, and the percentage of travelers arriving from Québec decreased from 14% to 4%. Daily travel-related cases are predicted by generalized linear models that consider the product of travel volume and prevalence proportion at travelers’ jurisdictions of origin (Canada), and travel volume only (international). A mechanistic model, formulated independently of the travel-related case data, predicts travel-related cases reasonably well. During the pandemic in NL, importation modelling was well-supported by daily public reporting of travel-related cases. Travel-related case data, and daily travel volume data, are needed to support the development and refinement of importation models to inform decisions regarding travel measure implementation during a public health emergency.
Prediction of Episode of Hemodynamic Instability Using an Electrocardiogram Based Analytic: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Benson Bryce , Belle Ashwin , Lee Sooin , Bassin Benjamin S. , Medlin Richard P. , Sjoding Michael W. , Ward Kevin R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPredicting the onset of hemodynamic instability before it occurs remains a sought-after goal in acute and critical care medicine. Technologies that allow for this may assist clinicians in preventing episodes of hemodynamic instability (EHI). We tested a novel noninvasive technology, the Analytic for Hemodynamic Instability-Predictive Indicator (AHI-PI), which analyzes a single lead of electrocardiogram (ECG) and extracts heart rate variability and morphologic waveform features to predict an EHI prior to its occurrence.MethodsRetrospective cohort study at a quaternary care academic health system using data from hospitalized adult patients between August 2019 and April 2020 undergoing continuous ECG monitoring with intermittent noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) or with continuous intra-arterial pressure (IAP) monitoring.ResultsAHI-PI’s low and high-risk indications were compared with the presence of EHI in the future as indicated by vital signs (heart rate > 100 beats/min with a systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg or a mean arterial blood pressure of < 70 mmHg). 4,633 patients were analyzed (3,961 undergoing NIBP monitoring, 672 with continuous IAP monitoring). 692 patients had an EHI (380 undergoing NIBP, 312 undergoing IAP). For IAP patients, the sensitivity and specificity of AHI-PI to predict EHI was 89.7% and 78.3% with a positive and negative predictive value of 33.7% and 98.4% respectively. For NIBP patients, AHI-PI had a sensitivity and specificity of 86.3% and 80.5% with a positive and negative predictive value of 11.7% and 99.5% respectively. Both groups performed with an AUC of 0.87. AHI-PI predicted EHI in both groups with a median lead time of 1.1 hours (average lead time of 3.7 hours for IAP group, 2.9 hours for NIBP group).ConclusionsAHI-PI predicted EHIs with high sensitivity and specificity and within clinically significant time windows that may allow for intervention. Performance was similar in patients undergoing NIBP and IAP monitoring.
Phase locking of auditory steady state responses is modulated by a predictive sensory context and linked to degree of myelination in the cerebellum
Authors: Larsen Kit Melissa , Thapaliya Kiran , Barth Markus , Siebner Hartwig R. , Garrido Marta I. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground40 Hz auditory steady state responses (ASSR) can be evoked by brief auditory clicks delivered at 40 Hz. While the neuropharmacology behind the generation of ASSR is well examined, the link between ASSR and microstructural properties of the brain is unclear. Further, whether the 40 Hz ASSR can be manipulated through processes involving top-down control, such as prediction, is currently unknown.MethodsWe recorded EEG in 50 neurotypical participants while they engaged in a 40 Hz Auditory steady state paradigm. We manipulated the predictability of tones to test the modulatory effect of prediction on 40 Hz steady state responses. Further, we acquired T1w and T2w structural MRI and used the T1/T2 ratio as a proxy to determine myelination in grey matter.ResultsThe phase locking of the 40 Hz ASSR was indeed modulated by prediction and this modulation extended to all frequency bands, suggesting prediction violation as a phase resetting mechanism. Interestingly, we found that the prediction violation of the phase locking at 40 Hz (gamma) was associated with the degree of grey matter myelination in the right cerebellum.DiscussionWe demonstrate that prediction violations evoke resetting of oscillatory activity and suggest that the efficiency of this process is promoted by greater cerebellar myelin. Our findings provide a structural-functional relationship for myelin and phase locking of auditory oscillatory activity. These results introduce a setting for looking at the interaction of predictive processes and ASSR in disorders where these processes are impaired such as in psychosis.
Feasibility of a social protection linkage program for individuals at-risk for tuberculosis in Uganda
Authors: Nanyunja Grace , Kadota Jillian L. , Namale Catherine , Hudson Mollie , Nalugwa Talemwa , Turyahabwe Stavia , Cattamanchi Adithya , Katamba Achilles , Muhumuza Prosper , Shete Priya B. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTIntroductionSocial protection interventions have the potential to accelerate progress towards global tuberculosis (TB) targets. We piloted a screening and linkage program at four community health centers (HC) to enroll adults seeking TB diagnostic evaluation services into existing government-supported social protection programs in Uganda.MethodsFrom May-December 2021, health center staff were asked to screen adults being evaluated for TB for eligibility for government-supported social protection programs, and to refer eligible people to a sub-county community development office (CDO) responsible for enrolling community members into government-supported social protection programs. Linkage was facilitated with a transportation reimbursement via mobile money and referral documentation confirming program eligibility. We assessed feasibility using programmatic data and conducted post-intervention surveys to understand experiences with the linkage program.ResultsOf 855 people undergoing TB evaluation, 655 (76%) adults met criteria for at least one government-supported social protection program. 25 (4%) of those were not interested in referral; the rest were referred to their local CDO. While 386 (61%) of the 630 participants reported to the CDO seeking social protection enrolment, only 122 (32%) of those were ultimately enrolled into a social protection scheme, representing only 19% (n=655) of those eligible. In participant surveys, among those seeking enrolment at the CDO (n=60; 65% of those surveyed), 46 (77%) were not enrolled into a social protection program. Reasons for non-enrollment were either unknown to the participant (n=25, 54%) or due to operational challenges at the CDO including a lack of human resources or available groups join in the social protection program (n=20, 43%). 61 (63%) survey participants indicated that they would not have sought social protection enrollment without the referral program.ConclusionMost adults seeking TB diagnostic evaluation are eligible for and interested in obtaining government-supported social protection. We found facilitated linkage from HCs to CDOs offering social protection services to be feasible, however ultimate enrollment into programs was limited. Additional research is needed to identify strategies to improve access to existing social protection programs for eligible TB-affected individuals.
Expansion-assisted selective plane illumination microscopy for nanoscale imaging of centimeter-scale tissues
Authors: Glaser Adam , Chandrashekar Jayaram , Vasquez Sonya , Arshadi Cameron , Ouellette Naveen , Jiang Xiaoyun , Baka Judith , Kovacs Gabor , Woodard Micah , Seshamani Sharmishtaa , Cao Kevin , Clack Nathan , Recknagel Andrew , Grim Anna , Balaram Pooja , Turschak Emily , Hooper Marcus , Liddell Alan , Rohde John , Hellevik Ayana , Takasaki Kevin , Erion Barner Lindsey , Logsdon Molly , Chronopoulos Chris , de Vries Saskia , Ting Jonathan , Perlmutter Steve , Kalmbach Brian , Dembrow Nikolai , Tasic Bosiljka , Reid R. Clay , Feng David , Svoboda Karel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecent advances in tissue processing, labeling, and fluorescence microscopy are providing unprecedented views of the structure of cells and tissues at sub-diffraction resolutions and near single molecule sensitivity, driving discoveries in diverse fields of biology, including neuroscience. Biological tissue is organized over scales of nanometers to centimeters. Harnessing molecular imaging across intact, three-dimensional samples on this scale requires new types of microscopes with larger fields of view and working distance, as well as higher throughput. We present a new expansion-assisted selective plane illumination microscope (ExA-SPIM) with aberration-free 1×1×3 μm optical resolution over a large field of view (10.6×8.0 mm2) and working distance (35 mm) at speeds up to 946 megavoxels/sec. Combined with new tissue clearing and expansion methods, the microscope allows imaging centimeter-scale samples with 250×250×750 nm optical resolution (4× expansion), including entire mouse brains, with high contrast and without sectioning. We illustrate ExA-SPIM by reconstructing individual neurons across the mouse brain, imaging cortico-spinal neurons in the macaque motor cortex, and visualizing axons in human white matter.