bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cadaveric Study of Anatomical Variations in the Limbic System
Authors: Nation Haley , Morgan Rachel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
PURPOSE The limbic system is a collection of brain structures responsible for affective processing, spatial coding, and certain types of memory. A comprehensive investigation of numerous limbic system components is necessary to thoroughly understand anatomical and pathological differences in individuals with related disorders (e.g., Alzheimer’s, depression, etc.). This study examines anatomical variations of limbic system structures including the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, amygdala, and cingulate gyrus.METHODS This cadaveric study includes the dissection of 47 formalin-fixed brain hemispheres and measurements of pertinent structures. The dentate gyrus, hippocampus, and amygdala were given categorical results: ill-defined, moderately defined, and well-defined; additionally, quantitative measurements were taken for all structures.RESULTS Our results indicate variations in the classification of the dentate gyrus (36% well-defined, 51% moderately defined, and 13% ill-defined) and amygdala (58% well-defined, 40% moderately defined, and 2% ill-defined). All hippocampus samples were well-defined (100%).CONCLUSION The knowledge of typical anatomy and morphology furthers our understanding of the limbic system and could be used to better understand clinical presentations. Future studies may be able to link anatomical variations and any potential relationships reported in this study to observed behavior. In summary, a thorough understanding of these variations will be useful for diagnostic purposes and future research.
Assessing the impact of pollution on water quality - A case study of Brar-i- Nambal and Jhelum
Authors: Shah Mohmod Irfan , Azad Abdul Hannan , Bilal Samreen , Hassan Er. Tahir , Dar Ishfaq Ahmad , Khurshid Er. Irtiza 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Many of the water bodies in Jammu and Kashmir, an area of India controlled as a Union Territory, have been encroached upon or transformed into marshes due to neglect and misuse, especially the smaller ones. Therefore, preserving ecological balance and a favourable environment depend on restoring and regenerating these water bodies. The Brar-i-Nambal water body and the river Jhelum, which are close to the historic Khanqah of Shahi-Hamdan and are in deterioration, are the subjects of this study. By monitoring various parameters, including pH, nitrate, phosphorus, turbidity, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), the goal is to regulate the existing water quality of the sources. The study found that while low Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentration directly endangers the lake environment, excessive nitrate and phosphorus concentrations have promoted weed growth and siltation. In addition, plastic trash contamination is a severe environmental threat that requires immediate attention. The report suggests corrective actions, including raising public awareness of the need to protect water bodies, regular maintenance, increasing the amount of vegetation surrounding water bodies, and much more. A positive beginning towards reaching this goal is the preservation mission, Jal Darohar Sanrakshan Mission Amrit Sarovar, started by the honourable prime minister in 2022.
Spinal Afferent Innervation in Flat-Mounts of the Rat Stomach: Anterograde Tracing
Authors: Ma Jichao , Nguyen Duyen , Madas Jazune , Kwiat Andrew M. , Toledo Zulema , Bizanti Ariege , Kogut Nicole , Mistareehi Anas , Bendowski Kohlton , Zhang Yuanyuan , Chen Jin , Li De-Pei , Powley Terry L. , Furness John B. , Cheng zixi jack 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The dorsal root ganglia (DRG) project spinal afferent axons to the stomach. However, the distribution and morphology of spinal afferent axons in the stomach have not been well characterized. In this study, we used a combination of state-of-the-art techniques, including anterograde tracer injection into the left DRG T7-T11, avidin-biotin and Cuprolinic Blue labeling, Zeiss M2 Imager, and Neurolucida to characterize spinal afferent axons in the flat-mounts of the whole rat stomach muscular wall. We found that spinal afferent axons innervated all regions with a variety of distinct terminal structures innervating different gastric targets: 1) The ganglionic type: some axons formed varicose contacts with individual neurons within myenteric ganglia. 2) The muscle type: most axons ran in parallel with the longitudinal and circular muscles and expressed spherical varicosities. Complex terminal structures were observed within the circular muscle layer. 3) The ganglia-muscle mixed type: some individual varicose axons innervated both myenteric ganglia and circular muscles, exhibiting polymorphic terminal structures. 4) The vascular type: individual varicose axons ran along the blood vessels and occasionally traversed the vessel wall. This work provides a foundation for future topographical anatomical and functional mapping of spinal afferent axon innervation of the stomach under normal and pathophysiological conditions.
A Biophysically Comprehensive Model of Urothelial Afferent Neurons: Implications for Sensory Signalling in Urinary Bladder
Authors: ARULJOTHI SATCHITHANANTHI , Manchanda Rohit 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The urothelium is the innermost layer of the bladder wall; it plays a pivotal role in bladder sensory transduction by responding to chemical and mechanical stimului. The urothelium also acts as a physical barrier between urine and the outer layers of the bladder wall. There is intricate sensory communication between the layers of the bladder wall and the neurons that supply the bladder, which eventually translates into the regulation of mechanical. In response to natural stimuli, urothelial cells release substances such as ATP, nitric oxide (NO), substance P, acetylcholine (ACh), and adenosine. These act on adjacent urothelial cells, myofibroblasts, and urothelial afferent neurons (UAN), controlling the contractile activity of the bladder. There is rising evidence on the importance of urothelial sensory signalling, yet a comprehensive understanding of the functioning of the urothelium-afferent neuron and the factors that govern it remain elusive to date. Until now, the biophysical studies done on UAN have been unable to provide adequate information on the ion channel composition of the neuron, which is paramount to understanding the electrical functioning of the UAN and, by extension, afferent signalling. To this end, we have attempted to model UAN to decipher the ionic mechanisms underlying the excitability of the UAN. In contrast to previous models, our model was built and validated using morphological and biophysical properties consistent with experimental findings for the UAN. The model included all the channels thus far known to be expressed in UAN, including; voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels, N, L, T, P/Q, R-type calcium channels, large-conductance calcium-dependent potassium (BK) channels, small conductance calcium-dependent (SK) channels, Hyperpolarisation activated cation (HCN) channels, transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM8), transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV1) channel, calcium-activated chloride(CaCC) channels, and internal calcium dynamics. Our UAN model a) was constrained as far as possible by experimental data from the literature for the channels and the spiking activity b) was validated by reproducing the experimental responses to current-clamp and voltage-clamp protocols c) was used as a base for modelling the non-urothelial afferent neuron (NUAN). Using our models we also gained insights into the variations in ion channels between UAN and NUAN neurons.
Dust forced changes in the precipitation distribution over Indian homogeneous regions
Authors: Saxena Harshita , Pandey Vivek Kumar , Das Sushant 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study made an effort to examine the influence of dust aerosols on the precipitation and its extremes over India and six homogeneous rainfall zones of India during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. In this regard, a set of sensitivity experiments are performed using a regional climate model, namely, RegCM-4.7.0, for 11 years. The model’s performance is demonstrated in simulating the mean precipitation, its variability (spatial and temporal), aerosol property, and monsoonal wind. It was observed that the model has the potential to capture the distinct features of the monsoon with systematic differences in magnitude that vary with region and season. Due to the inclusion of dust influence, a notable reduction of bias in mean precipitation is seen over AS, emphasizing the importance of the correct representation of dust in the model. On the other hand, a mixed response (increased as well as decreased) is seen over the Indian land point. Interestingly, it is noticed mostly over CNE, NEI and SPI regions that the inclusion of dust has a larger influence on extreme rainfall events than the mean.
Risk Factors Related to Venous Thromboembolism at Three-months Following Joint Replacement in Chinese Population
Authors: Qin Jianghui , Yao Yao , Wang Yexian , Shen Ying , Chen Dongyang , Xu Zhihong , Shi Dongquan , Dai Jin , Xu Xingquan , Song Kai , Jiang Qing 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: This study reports the risk factors related to venous thromboembolism (VTE) at 3-months following joint replacement in Chinese population.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study enrolled the patients who received joint replacement from February 2015 to December 2018. VTE at 3-months was investigated against a total of 16 factors, including age, gender, Body Mass Index, season of surgery been performed, pre-surgical clotting function, type of surgery, selection of mini-invasive approach, VTE of lower limbs one-day before and after surgery, and previous history of diseases including thrombotic disease, smoking, tumor, diabetes, hypertension, cardiac disease, anticoagulants usage.
Results: A total of 1782 patients were enrolled. Gross incidence of VTE at 3-months following joint replacement surgery was 10.5%. In the 1744 patients included for the final analysis, the VTE at one-day after surgery (OR = 7.633), surgery in autumn (OR = 1.874), increased age per year (OR = 1.023), female gender (OR = 1.828), previous thrombotic disease (OR = 1.592) were related to the VTE at 3-months after surgery.
Conclusion: Higher age, female gender, previous thrombotic disease, VTE immediate after surgery and surgery in autumn were risk factors related to higher incidence of VTE at 3-months following joint replacement surgery. More aggressive prophylaxis and frequent follow-up is advised to patients identified with these risk factors.
Fovea-UNet: Detection and Segmentation of Lymph Node Metastases in Colorectal Cancers with Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Yajiao , Wang Jiang , Wu Chenpeng , Liu Liyun , Zhang Zhiyong , Yu Haitao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective: Colorectal cancer is one of the most serious malignant tumors, and lymph node metastasis (LNM) from colorectal cancer is a major factor for patient management and prognosis. Accurate image detection of LNM is an important task to help pathologists diagnose cancer. However, effective image detection with the whole slide image (WSI) can only be performed by patch-based classification method, which are far from enough for cancer region segmentation and location due to a small patch image has less non-local contextual information. Recently, the U-Net architecture has been widely used to segment image to accomplish more precise cancer diagnosis. In this work, we aggregate the detailed and non-local contextual information into a U-Net baseline to segment the important region with high diagnostic value.
Method: Inspired by the working principle of Fovea in visual neuroscience, a novel network framework based on U-Net for cancer segmentation named Fovea-UNet is proposed to adaptively adjust the resolution according to the importance-aware of information and selectively focuses on the region most relevant to colorectal LNM. Specifically, we design an effective adaptively optimized pooling operation called Fovea Pooling (FP), which dynamically aggregate the detailed and non-local contextual information according to pixel-level feature importance. In addition, the improved lightweight backbone network based on GhostNet is adopted to reduce the computational cost caused by FP pooling.
Results & Conclusions: Experimental results show that our proposed framework can achieve higher performance than other state-of-the-art segmentation networks with 92.82% sensitivity and 88.51% F1 score on the LNM dataset.
Clinical impact: The proposed framework can provide a valid tool for cancer diagnosis, especially for LNM of colorectal cancer.
Formal analysis of ECC-based RFID authentication protocol in logic of events theory
Authors: Xiao Meihua , Chen Quangang , Li Zehuan , Chen Yuqiong , Xu Ruihan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractToday, the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has greatly affected human life, and the security analysis of authentication protocols in IoT is increasingly important. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a crucial component of IoT, and RFID using Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is a public key cryptosystem authentication approach that tackles the problem of electronic tag data encryption in RFID systems. The formal method is one of the most powerful ways for verifying protocol security, and the Logic of Events Theory (LoET) is a theorem-proving formal logic for analyzing distributed system security. This paper proposes three event classes, Compute, Retrieve, and Generate, and related axioms and inference rules to formally abstract the ECC session key generation function, formally statute the authentication process of both parties, and the extended LoET is used to analyze the security properties of ECC-based RFID security protocols. Under reasonable assumptions, an ECC-based RFID two-way authentication scheme is shown to satisfy the two-way strong authentication feature. It is shown that the extended logic of event theory may be used to prove the security properties of this class of ECC-based RFID protocols.
Tribodiagnostics of engines for special vehicles
Authors: Stodola Jiri , Stodola Petr 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The paper presents selected information from a research project focused on the diagnosis of engines using a worn lubricant. It introduces sorted information, description and methodology of the project solution and results of practical experiments including the determination of criteria for tribodiagnostic evaluation of the technical condition, the mathematical model for evaluation and prognosis of the lubricant degradation process based on the balance between the formation and loss of wear products, for the evaluation of technical condition (serviceable, limit and emergency conditions), and the design of the optimal system of implementation of tribodiagnostics of selected engines.
Detection of Human Papillomavirus infection in oral mucosal diseases: a single-center study
Authors: Fantozzi Paolo Junior , Romeo Umberto , Tenore Gianluca , Palaia Gaspare , Ciolfi Chiara , Pierangeli Alessandra , Gioia Cira Rosaria Tiziana Di , Villa Alessandro 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection accounts for more than 70% of oropharyngeal cancers, but only a small proportion of oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of HPV-DNA in oral diseases.Methods: This was a cross-sectional-study of 99 adult patients seen for the evaluation of oral diseases. All patients received an oral biopsy/histopathological examination and a brush biopsy for HPV-DNA detection/genotyping by real-time polymerase-chain-reaction. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess p16INK4a expression. P values were considered significant at P < 0.05.Results: HPV was identified in 15/99 (15.2%) patients (males:66.6%). Patients with oral lichen planus (OLP;23.8%), oral leukoplakia (OL;17.5%), and conditions of the buccal mucosa (BM;17.5%) had the highest rate of infection. Most patients with high-risk-HPV infection presented with OLP (19.1%), whereas most of the patients with low-risk-HPV infections had epithelial hyperkeratosis-non-reactive (9.4%). Amongst all benign lesions, 19.0% were positive for any HPV infection. One patient with OL showing mild-epithelial-dysplasia had a positive p16INK4a expression.Conclusions: The highest rate of HPV infection was in male patients, patients with OL/OLP, and in conditions of the BM. Larger studies are needed to elucidate the role of HPV in the development of these conditions.
Evaluation the Impact of Prescribed Metformin on Health-related quality of Life: A Cross- sectional Study
Authors: Bahadori Fatemeh , Sadatmahalleh Shahideh Jahanian , Montazeri Ali , Nasiri Malihe , moieni Ashraf 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Metformin is commonly prescribed to manage polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is one of the most common endocrine disorders among women of reproductive age, and is associated with high prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders.
This study’s objective was to determine the impact of metformin on psychosocial wellbeing in terms of mental health issues which affect the QoL among Iranian women with PCOS.
Materials and Method: The present cross-sectional study was carried out on 400 patients diagnosed with PCOS and equally divided 200 respondents into with metformin group and remaining 200 respondents into without metformin group. All participants were asked to fill out the valid and reliable questionnaires of FSFI (Female Sexual Function Index), HADS (Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale) and SF-12.
Results: There were statistically significant difference between without metformin and with metformin in terms of arousal, lubrication, pain and total FSFI score. There were statistically significant difference between the mean score of MCS, anxiety and depression in without metformin and with metformin (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Metformin may have a role in the management of psychosocial wellbeing among patient with PCOS; however, its potential effects should be further examined in randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials.
Mitigation of Interference using HH-NBC,TDMA and Sea-lionoptimization techniques in Underwater Sensor Networks
Authors: B Shunmugapriya , A Shenbagharaman , B Paramasivan , B AnandhaMathavan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In order to better understand the vast aquatic environment, research on wireless sensor networks underwater has recently been done a lot of research in academia and industry. The Underwater world can easily observe remotely from an unknown location with some risks. The UWSN technology is employed over a water body to watch and surveillance. In large water bodies like rivers, salt chuck and huge pools, the data is accumulated from the region of various high points and drops of the level of the water, then dispatched to the exterior sink. Underwater transmission differs from terrestrial communication because of its high fading and low communication range.In place of this, a phonic medium is positioned to transfer data more efficiently on the water surface than other methods. To communicate and send the information accurately from the underside about the ocean to the sinks from the surface,hop growing is implemented using different techniques. Routing and Energy Efficiency is considered a highly challenging area of UWSNs. Energy-efficient routing is regarded as the foremost difficult task. Sensor networks primarily operate in complex and dynamic environments, and routing becomes tedious because the network size increases. In an underwater sensor network, there are so many challenges. Still, interference is a significant issue in transmitting signals in our proposed work to overcome signal interference using various approaches. Our proposed work follows: first, nodes will deploy in a non-distribution manner, then all nodes are clustered, and a cluster head has been chosen using the HH NBC algorithm. Finally, to overcome signal interference using TDMA combined with sea lion optimization. In this paper, we overcome inter-channel interference avoidance. If you overcome signal interference to improve network performance and lifetime. We compare our proposed to existing algorithms, and simulation results are best to compare with existing ones.
Trade-offs between hydropower and irrigation in transboundary river systems: the implications of further development on the Blue Nile in Ethiopia
Authors: Murgatroyd Anna , Wheeler Kevin , Hall Jim , Whittington Dale 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We evaluate the implications of constructing one or two large dams upstream of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), possibly in combination with new irrigation schemes upstream of these Blue Nile hydropower facilities. Two new dams could increase average annual hydropower on the Blue and Main Nile by almost 50% (30.2 TWh/yr to 44.7 TWh/yr). A system-wide analysis of the expected financial benefits of various development scenarios reveals little financial justification for substantial irrigation water withdrawals upstream of the GERD and multi-dam cascade. Withdrawing 5 billion cubic meters annually upstream of the GERD would reduce basin-wide hydropower by 3.3 TWh/year; withdrawing this volume above three dams would cause a 6.8 TWh/yr reduction. 1 (5) bcm/yr of withdrawals upstream of the three dams would reduce the reliability of meeting a 55.5 bcm/yr release target from the High Aswan Dam Reservoir by 3 (37) %.
Field parcellation of the human hippocampus along the longitudinal axis
Authors: González-Arnay Emilio , Jiménez-Sánchez Lorena , Pérez-Santos Isabel , Cid Elena , Gal Beatriz , Prida Liset M. de la , Cavada Carmen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The primate hippocampus includes the dentate gyrus, cornu ammonis (CA), and subiculum. CA is subdivided into four fields (CA1-CA3, plus CA3h/hilus of the dentate gyrus). with specific pyramidal cell morphology and connections. Work in non-human mammals has shown that hippocampal connectivity is precisely patterned both in the laminar and longitudinal axes. One of the main handicaps in the study of neuropathological semiology in the human hippocampus is the lack of clear laminar and longitudinal borders. The aim of this study was to explore a histochemical segmentation of the adult human hippocampus, integrating field (medio-lateral), laminar, and antero-posterior longitudinal patterning. We provide criteria for field parcellation of the human hippocampus based on the use of Rph3a, PCP4, Chromogranin A and RGS-14 immunostaining. We also provide novel histological data about the composition of species-specific regions of the rostral and caudal ends of the human hippocampus. The data are given with stereotaxic coordinates along the longitudinal axis. This study provides novel insights for a detailed region-specific parcellation of the human hippocampus useful for human brain imaging and neuropathology.