bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the net effect of functional traits on fitness across species and environments
Authors: Siefert Andrew , Laughlin Daniel C. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Functional traits affect the demographic performance of individuals in their environment, leading to fitness differences that scale up to drive population dynamics and community assembly. Understanding the links between traits and fitness is, therefore, critical for predicting how populations and communities respond to environmental change. However, the net effects of traits on species fitness are largely unknown because we have lacked a framework for estimating fitness across multiple species and environments.

We present a modelling framework that integrates trait effects on demographic performance over the life cycles of individuals to estimate the net effect of traits on species fitness. This approach involves (1) modelling trait effects on individual demographic rates (growth, survival and recruitment) as multidimensional performance surfaces that vary with individual size and environment and (2) integrating these effects into a population model to project population growth rates (i.e., fitness) as a function of traits and environment. We illustrate our approach by estimating performance surfaces and fitness landscapes for trees across a temperature gradient in the eastern United States.

Functional traits (wood density, specific leaf area and maximum height) interacted with individual size and temperature to influence tree growth, survival and recruitment rates, generating demographic trade‐offs and shaping the contours of fitness landscapes. Tall tree species had high survival, growth and fitness across the temperature gradient. Wood density and specific leaf area had interactive effects on demographic performance, resulting in fitness landscapes with multiple peaks.

With this approach it is now possible to empirically estimate the net effect of traits on fitness, leading to an improved understanding of the selective forces that drive community assembly and permitting generalizable predictions of population and community dynamics in changing environments.
Incidence of bradycardia during noradrenaline or phenylephrine bolus treatment of postspinal hypotension in cesarean delivery: A randomized double‐blinded controlled trial
Authors: de Queiroz Daniel Vieira , Velarde Luis Guillermo Coca , Alves Rodrigo Leal , Verçosa Nubia , Cavalcanti Ismar Lima 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe treatment of choice for spinal anesthesia‐induced hypotension during cesarean section is phenylephrine. As this vasopressor can cause reflex bradycardia, noradrenaline is a suggested alternative. This randomized double‐blinded controlled trial included 76 parturients undergoing elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. Women received noradrenaline in bolus doses of 5 mcg or phenylephrine in bolus doses of 100 mcg. These drugs were used intermittently and therapeutically to maintain systolic blood pressure ≥ 90% of its baseline value. The primary study outcome was bradycardia incidence (<60 bpm) with intermittent bolus administration of these drugs. Secondary outcomes included extreme bradycardia (<40 bpm), number of bradycardia episodes, hypertension (systolic blood pressure > 120% of baseline value), and hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 90% of baseline value and requiring vasopressor use). Neonatal outcomes per the Apgar scale and umbilical cord blood gas analysis were also compared. The incidence of bradycardia in both groups (51.4% and 70.3%, respectively; p = 0.16) were not significantly different. No neonates had umbilical vein or artery pH values below 7.20. The noradrenaline group required more boluses than phenylephrine group (8 vs. 5; p = 0.01). There was no significant intergroup difference in any of the other secondary outcomes. When administered in intermittent bolus doses for the treatment of postspinal hypotension in elective cesarean delivery, noradrenaline, and phenylephrine have a similar incidence of bradycardia. When treating hypotension related to spinal anesthesia in obstetric cases, strong vasopressors are commonly administered, thought these can also have side effects. This trial assessed bradycardia after bolus administration of noradrenaline or phenylephrine, and found no difference in risk for clinically meaningful bradycardia.
Therapists' first impression of treatment motivation moderates the relationship between the client‐rated therapeutic alliance and drinking outcomes during treatment
Authors: Rivera Alexander P. , Maisto Stephen A. , Connors Gerard J. , Schlauch Robert C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionFirst impressions can influence interpersonal relationships for extended periods, with negative first impressions leading to more negative judgments and behaviors between individuals months after their initial meeting. Although common factors such as therapeutic alliance (TA) are well studied, less is known of the potential influence of a therapist's first impression of their client's motivation on TA and drinking outcomes. Based on data from a prospective study of the perceptions of the TA among clients receiving cognitive‐behavioral treatment (CBT), this study examined how therapists' first impressions may moderate the relationship between client‐rated TA and drinking outcomes during treatment.MethodsOne hundred fifty‐four adults participated in a 12‐week course of CBT and completed measures of TA and drinking behaviors following each treatment session. Additionally, therapists completed a measure of their first impression of their client's motivation for treatment following the first session.ResultsTime‐lagged multilevel modeling revealed a significant within‐person TA by therapists' first impression interaction that predicted percent days abstinent (PDA). Specifically, among participants rated as lower on first impressions of treatment motivation, higher within‐person TA predicted greater PDA in the interval prior to the next treatment session. Within‐person working alliance was not associated with PDA among individuals rated higher on first impressions of treatment motivation who demonstrated higher PDA throughout treatment. Furthermore, significant between‐person TA by first impressions interactions were found for both PDA and drinks per drinking day (DDD), such that among individuals with lower treatment motivation, TA positively predicted PDA and negatively predicted DDD.ConclusionAlthough therapists' first impressions of a client's treatment motivation are positively associated with treatment outcomes, clients' perception of the TA may mitigate the impact of poor first impressions. These findings highlight the need for additional nuanced examinations of the relationship between TA and treatment outcomes, emphasizing the contextual factors that influence this relationship.
Solar‐powered cold‐storage and agrifood market modernization in Nigeria
Authors: Takeshima Hiroyuki , Yamauchi Futoshi , Edeh Hyacinth O. , Hernandez Manuel A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractModern cooling technologies that utilize renewable energy sources have been increasingly recognized as promising tools to address various challenges emerging in progressively complex agrifood systems in developing countries. Knowledge gaps about the actual impacts of these technologies in developing countries remain, especially in Africa south of the Sahara (SSA). This study fills this knowledge gap by providing evidence from the evaluation of recent interventions in northeast Nigeria in which seven small solar‐powered cold storages were installed across seven horticulture markets. Combinations of difference‐in‐difference (DID) and variants of propensity‐score‐based methods suggest that cold storage significantly increased horticulture sales volumes and revenues of market agents. Back‐of‐the‐envelope calculations indicate that increased net revenues for market agents may be sufficiently large to recoup cold storage investments and operating costs within a reasonable time frame. Using cold storage also reduced the share of food loss. It lengthened the products' shelf‐life while raising prices received by market agents and farmers, which were associated with improved product quality, expanded value‐adding activities by market agents, and increased use of advance payments.
The effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure for treating obstructive sleep apnoea in pregnancy: A systematic review
Authors: Nugent Rachael , Wee Amanda , Kearney Lauren , de Costa Caroline 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) occurs in 15–20% of pregnant women living with obesity. As global obesity prevalence increases, OSA in pregnancy is concurrently increasing, yet remains under‐diagnosed. The effects of treating OSA in pregnancy are under‐investigated.AimA systematic review was conducted to determine whether treating pregnant women with OSA using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) will improve maternal or fetal outcomes, compared with no treatment or delayed treatment.Materials and MethodsOriginal studies in English published until May 2022 were included. Searches were conducted in Medline, PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library and clinicaltrials.org. Maternal and neonatal outcome data were extracted, and quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach (PROSPERO registration: CRD42019127754).ResultsSeven trials met inclusion criteria. Use of CPAP in pregnancy appears to be well tolerated with reasonable adherence. Use of CPAP in pregnancy may be associated with both a reduction in blood pressure and pre‐eclampsia. Birthweight may be increased by maternal CPAP treatment, and preterm birth may be reduced by treatment with CPAP in pregnancy.ConclusionTreatment of OSA with CPAP in pregnancy may reduce hypertension and, preterm birth, and may increase neonatal birthweight. However, more rigorous definitive trial evidence is required to adequately assess the indication, efficacy, and applications of CPAP treatment in pregnancy.
Improved fertility of frozen‐thawed porcine spermatozoa with 3,3‐dimethylglutaric anhydride poly‐L‐lysine as a novel cryoprotectant
Authors: Jin Hansol , Choi Wooyoon , Matsumura Kazuaki , Hyon Suong‐hyu , Gen Yuki , Hayashi Masakazu , Kawabata Tadahiro , Ijiri Moe , Miyoshi Kazuchika 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, we determined the efficacy of 3,3‐dimethylglutaric anhydride poly‐L‐lysine (DMGA‐PLL) as a cryoprotectant for porcine spermatozoa. Porcine spermatozoa were cryopreserved in a freezing extender containing 3% (v/v) glycerol and various concentrations of DMGA‐PLL. At 12 h after thawing, the motility index of spermatozoa cryopreserved with 0.25% (v/v) DMGA‐PLL (25.9) was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than that of spermatozoa cryopreserved with 0%, 0.125%, or 0.5% DMGA‐PLL (10.0–16.3). In addition, the blastocyst formation rate of embryos derived from spermatozoa cryopreserved with 0.25% DMGA‐PLL (22.8%) was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than that of embryos derived from spermatozoa cryopreserved with 0%, 0.125%, or 0.5% DMGA‐PLL (7.9%–10.9%). The mean number of total piglets born to sows inseminated with spermatozoa cryopreserved without DMGA‐PLL (9.0) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of total piglets born to sows inseminated with spermatozoa stored at 17°C (13.8). However, when spermatozoa cryopreserved with 0.25% DMGA‐PLL were used for artificial insemination, the mean number of total piglets (11.7) was not significantly different from that obtained following artificial insemination using spermatozoa stored at 17°C. The results showed the usefulness of DMGA‐PLL as a cryoprotectant in the cryopreservation of porcine spermatozoa.
How state influence on project work organization both drives and mitigates gendered precarity in cultural and creative industries
Authors: Pulignano Valeria , Dean Deborah , Domecka Markieta , Vermeerbergen Lander 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article develops an understanding of gendered precarity in project work by considering how the transfer of risk from employer to worker is shaped by the contextual pressures of state policy and the organization of the industrial field. The focus is the organization of project work as a condition underpinning the shifting of this risk in a mature field of precarious employment, the cultural and creative industries (CCIs). Our empirical exploration in Film/TV in the UK and Germany, and Dance in Sweden and the Netherlands, examines the dynamic interplay between state policy domains (cultural, social and regulatory), industry‐level funding bodies or ‘transaction organizers’ and the cultural processes of CCI project networks. We argue that state‐led influences both drive and mitigate the transfer of risk in project work as gendered, racialized and classed. Our framework contributes to broadening employment literature on risk and the disadvantaging capacity of networks to hoard opportunities in project‐based labour markets.
Females present higher dose‐adjusted drug concentrations of metoprolol and allopurinol/oxypurinol than males
Authors: Hindi Jessica , Pilon Marc‐Olivier , Meloche Maxime , Leclair Grégoire , Oussaïd Essaïd , St‐Jean Isabelle , Jutras Martin , Gaulin Marie‐Josée , Mongrain Ian , Busseuil David , Rouleau Jean Lucien , Tardif Jean‐Claude , Dubé Marie‐Pierre , de Denus Simon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFemales present a higher risk of adverse drug reactions. Sex‐related differences in drug concentrations may contribute to these observations but they remain understudied given the underrepresentation of females in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to investigate whether anthropometric and socioeconomic factors and comorbidities could explain sex‐related differences in concentrations and dosing for metoprolol and oxypurinol, the active metabolite of allopurinol. We conducted an analysis of two cross‐sectional studies. Participants were self‐described “White” adults taking metoprolol or allopurinol selected from the Montreal Heart Institute Hospital Cohort. A total of 1007 participants were included in the metoprolol subpopulation and 459 participants in the allopurinol subpopulation; 73% and 86% of the participants from the metoprolol and allopurinol subpopulations were males, respectively. Females presented higher age‐ and dose‐adjusted concentrations of both metoprolol and oxypurinol (both p < 0.03). Accordingly, females presented higher unadjusted and age‐adjusted concentration:dose ratio of both metoprolol and allopurinol/oxypurinol compared to males (all p < 3.0 × 10−4). Sex remained an independent predictor of metoprolol concentrations (p < 0.01), but not of oxypurinol concentrations, after adjusting for other predictors. In addition to sex, age, daily dose, use of moderate to strong CYP2D6 inhibitors, weight, and CYP2D6 genotype‐inferred phenotype were associated with concentrations of metoprolol (all p < 0.01). Daily dose, weight, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and employment status were associated with oxypurinol concentrations (all p < 0.01). Females present higher dose‐adjusted concentrations of metoprolol and oxypurinol than males. This suggests the need for sex‐specific dosing requirements for these drugs, although this hypothesis should be validated in prospective studies.
Adjusting to life after pediatric stroke: A qualitative study
Authors: Champigny Claire M. , Feldman Samantha J. , Westmacott Robyn , Wojtowicz Magdalena , Aurin Casey , Dlamini Nomazulu , Dirks Peter , Desrocher Mary 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo examine adjustment after stroke in adolescence from the perspective of affected young people.MethodFourteen participants (10 female) aged 13 to 25 years with a history of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke in adolescence participated in one‐on‐one semi‐structured interviews at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Two independent coders conducted a reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsFive themes were identified as representative of adjustment after stroke: (1) ‘Processing the story’; (2) ‘Loss and challenges’; (3) ‘I've changed’; (4) ‘Keys to recovery’; and (5) ‘Adjustment and acceptance’.InterpretationThis qualitative study provides medical professionals with a personal, patient‐driven lens through which to better understand the challenges of adjusting to life after pediatric stroke. Findings highlight the need to provide mental health support to patients to assist them in processing their stroke and adapting to long‐lasting sequelae.What this paper adds

Processing the onset event is a key component of adjustment to stroke.
Feelings of anxiety, sadness, frustration, and self‐consciousness impede adjustment to stroke.
Young people may feel overwhelmed academically owing to neurocognitive deficits.
Sequelae may rid young people of hobbies and passions, and alter plans for the future.
To adjust to stroke, survivors draw on resilience, patience, determination, and social support.
In plateaus, land cover replaced climate as the vital environmental factor on the spatial composition of bumblebees with the altitude rising
Authors: Liang Chengbo , Liu Daoxin , Jiang Feng , Song Pengfei , Zhou Yuantao , Yan Jingyan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Bumblebees show a series of advantages over other pollinating insects in offering pollination services for both the ecosystem and agricultural production, especially in high‐altitude areas. With climate warming, their diversity at high altitudes will be threatened. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the management of bumblebee resources at high altitudes to prevent their decline here. Discovering drivers responsible for the spatial variation of biodiversity is a benefit for developing appropriate management.
Here, based on the bumblebee diversity on three plateau areas with an altitude gradient, the roles of different environmental factors, the climate, land cover, topography, habitat heterogeneity and soil, in the bumblebee composition were assessed by generalised dissimilarity modelling. And the relative importance of variables was evaluated by the impact on the magnitude of total biological change and the per cent change in deviance explained by models.
According to the results, in the low‐altitude area, the climate played a vital role and the most important variable was the climate variable. Then, with the altitude rising, the effect of land cover continually increased. In the medium‐altitude area, the effects of different factors were detected to be similar, and the most important variables were a climate variable and a land cover variable. In the high‐altitude area, land cover finally replaced the climate as the most important factor, and one land cover variable was assessed as the most important variable. Our study revealed that the relative importance of different environmental factors on the biodiversity of bumblebees can differ as the altitude rises.
Out with the old and in with the new: Preventing child opioid addiction through over‐the‐counter medications
Authors: Akl Ashley L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOpioids are killing America's youth. New data confirms that children under 18 who are prescribed opioids by a medical doctor develop a heightened risk of future drug addiction. Currently, there are no national prescribing guidelines for opioids in the pediatric population. However, doctors recently started to administer an over‐the‐counter medicine combination of Advil and Tylenol to patients because it is more effective at relieving pain than prescription opioids and prevents addiction. Thus, drafting national legislation to limit the circumstances under which a child is eligible to receive an opioid prescription will save countless children from a life of future addiction.
Spatio‐temporal patterns of ichthyoplankton in southern Chilean Patagonia: β‐diversity and associated environmental factors
Authors: Landaeta Mauricio F. , Paredes Lissette D. , Castillo Manuel I. , González M. Teresa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFjords play an important role in biological productivity worldwide but are vulnerable to climate/anthropogenic effects. Chilean Patagonia (41°S–55°S) is one of the largest fjord ecosystems in the world, characterized by a complex geography with highly heterogeneous hydrographic conditions and a permanent input from oceanic water mass, both of which influence the ichthyoplankton distributional patterns. In this study, we analysed the distributional patterns of ichthyoplankton and its diversity during austral spring from 1996, 2009 and 2019 in the southern Chilean fjords (47°S–54°S). The area shows important latitudinal gradients of sea surface temperature (from 15°C to 5°C), fjord‐ocean variability in salinity (from 23 to 33) and water column temperature (3°C to 9°C). Spatial (but not temporal) variations in the composition and abundance of ichthyoplankton were recorded, caused mainly by differences in the abundance of larval Sprattus fuegensis, Maurolicus australis and Sebastes oculatus. Richness was higher on continental shelf and the lowest nearby fjord's head and ice fields. At the spatial scale, β‐diversity showed an increased species replacement (turnover) across areas, suggesting an important role of environmental conditions (e.g., salinity and water stratification) on the larval fish structure in this region. Ordination analysis indicates that changes in salinity and temperature, caused by ice melting, is the main environmental factor influencing the abundance of larval Thysanopsetta naresi (1996), Cataetyx messieri (2009) and Bathylagichthys parini (2019). Finally, this study highlights the importance of the conservation and protection of the Chilean Patagonia and monitoring ichthyoplankton communities, which are vital biomarkers of ecosystem health.
Enhanced Li‐ion conductivity of strontium doped Li‐excess garnet‐type Li7+xLa3‐xSrxZr2O12
Authors: Kaneko Masahide , Ninomiya Kakeru , Hishida Tomoko , Takeuchi Yuki , Otani Kazushi , Nishibori Maiko 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe mechanism underlying the enhancement of the conductivity of Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), an oxide‐based solid electrolyte that contains excess Li, was experimentally investigated through subvalent cation substitution. We prepared Sr‐substituted Li‐rich LLZO with high conductivity of the order of 10−4 S/cm by using a solid‐state method. We investigated the mechanism underlying the conductivity enhancement via detailed structural analysis through Sr K‐edge X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction and neutron powder diffraction analyses. The results suggested that the conductivity enhancement is due to the change in Li+ arrangement caused by the incorporation of excess Li into the LLZO lattice.