bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Litharge from El Centenillo and Fuente Espi: A Geochemical and Mineralogical Investigation of Spanish Silver Processing in the Sierra Morena
Authors: Krause P. , Klein S. , Domergue C. , Berthold Chr. , Jöns N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGalena is treated as the most important silver ore in antiquity and especially in Roman mining history, but many other silver mineralisation and phases occur in the Earth's crust that also contain valuable amounts of silver for exploitation. This study addresses the silver-containing sulfosalts and how to decide between the alternative ores when only metallurgical remains are preserved and the mining context is not evident. Numerous samples of ore minerals, slags, lead metal and stones were collected by one of us (C. Domergue) over several years in the Spanish Sierra Morena, including two Roman foundry sites: Cerro del Plomo and Fuente Espi, both in the mining district of Linares-La Carolina. Cerro del Plomo is closely associated with lead-bearing ore veins near the foundry, while the mines that supplied Fuente Espi with lead ore have not yet been archaeologically explored. The metallurgical remains from the two foundries were analysed for their microstructure, mineralogy and phase composition using microscopy, electron microprobe analysis and X-ray diffraction. It was hoped that the litharge in particular would provide information about the ores used. Metal inclusions of copper and lead were identified, both still containing some silver. The cooling history and stratigraphy of the litharge cakes were developed and parallels drawn with earlier cupellation models. The litharge cakes from Cerro del Plomo and Fuente Espi are comparable in terms of microstructure and phase composition. Chemical and isotope analysis will follow and be the subject of a separate publication.
Linear local tangent space alignment with autoencoder
Authors: Ran Ruisheng , Wang Jinping , Fang Bin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLinear local tangent space alignment (LLTSA) is a classical dimensionality reduction method based on manifold. However, LLTSA and all its variants only consider the one-way mapping from high-dimensional space to low-dimensional space. The projected low-dimensional data may not accurately and effectively “represent” the original samples. This paper proposes a novel LLTSA method based on the linear autoencoder called LLTSA-AE (LLTSA with Autoencoder). The proposed LLTSA-AE is divided into two stages. The conventional process of LLTSA is viewed as the encoding stage, and the additional and important decoding stage is used to reconstruct the original data. Thus, LLTSA-AE makes the low-dimensional embedding data “represent” the original data more accurately and effectively. LLTSA-AE gets the recognition rates of 85.10, 67.45, 75.40 and 86.67% on handwritten Alphadigits, FERET, Georgia Tech. and Yale datasets, which are 9.4, 14.03, 7.35 and 12.39% higher than that of the original LLTSA respectively. Compared with some improved methods of LLTSA, it also obtains better performance. For example, on Handwritten Alphadigits dataset, compared with ALLTSA, OLLTSA, PLLTSA and WLLTSA, the recognition rates of LLTSA-AE are improved by 4.77, 3.96, 7.8 and 8.6% respectively. It shows that LLTSA-AE is an effective dimensionality reduction method.
Impact of cooling rate on mechanical properties and failure mechanism of sandstone under thermal–mechanical coupling effect
Authors: Guo Pingye , Zhang Peng , Bu Mohua , Xing Hang , He Manchao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHigh geo-temperature is one of the inevitable geological disasters in deep engineering such as resource extraction, space development, and energy utilization. One of the key issues is to understand the mechanical properties and failure mechanism of high-temperature rock disturbed by low-temperature airflow after excavation. Therefore, the experimental and numerical investigation were carried out to study the impact of cooling rate on mechanical properties and failure mechanism of high temperature sandstone. First, uniaxial compression experiments of high temperature sandstone at different real-time cooling rates were carried out to study the mechanical properties and failure modes. The experimental results indicate that the cooling rate has a significant effect on the mechanical properties and failure modes of sandstone. The peak strain, peak stress, and elastic modulus decrease with an increase in cooling rate, and the fragmentation degree after failure increases gradually. Moreover, the equivalent numerical model of heterogeneous sandstone was established using particle flow code (PFC) to reveal the failure mechanism. The results indicate that the sandstone is dominated by intragrain failure in the cooling stage, the number of microcracks is exponentially related to the cooling rate, and the higher the cooling rate, the more cracks are concentrated in the exterior region. Under axial loading, the tensile stress is mostly distributed along the radial direction, and the damage in the cooling stage is mostly due to the fracture of the radial bond. In addition, axial loading, temperature gradient and thermal stress mismatch between adjacent minerals are the main reasons for the damage of sandstone in the cooling stage. Moreover, the excessive temperature gradient in the exterior region of the sandstone is the main reason for the damage concentration in this region.
Three-axis high-accuracy spacecraft attitude estimation via sequential extended Kalman filtering of single-axis magnetometer measurements
Authors: Habib Tamer Mekky Ahmed 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMagnetometer is a highly advantageous sensor for determining a spacecraft’s attitude. This article provides a solution to the problem of spacecraft attitude estimation using magnetometer measurements only. To ensure full observability of spacecraft attitude states, it is necessary to use at least two types of sensors. Consequently, utilizing a single sensor, such as the magnetometer, poses a significant challenge for any attitude estimation algorithm, including the extended Kalman filter (EKF). Moreover, implementing the EKF algorithm, or any other attitude estimation algorithm, is computationally intensive. To address these issues, an algorithm has been developed that estimates spacecraft attitude angles and attitude rates using a sequential extended Kalman filter (SEKF). This algorithm offers numerous benefits over those found in the literature such as high accuracy, low computational resource requirements, the ability to converge even with large initial attitude and angular velocity estimation errors, and the ability to function even if two of the three measurement channels of the magnetometer are not functioning. With these benefits, the developed SEKF algorithm is capable of operating in all spacecraft operational modes, delivering accurate performance and computation time. In spite of measurements with large noise values, the high accuracy achieved by the SEKF algorithm enables the magnetometer to serve as the sole source of attitude information, even if one or two magnetometer measurement channels are not functioning.
Effect of silica fume on the behavior of lightweight reinforced concrete beams made from crushed clay bricks
Authors: Ali Yahia M. S. , Abdelaleem Tarek , Diab Hesham M. , Rashwan Mohamed M. M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCrushed over-burnt clay bricks (COBCBs) are a promising alternative to the natural gravel aggregate in lightweight concrete (LWC) production because of their high strength-to-weight ratio. Besides, COBCBs are considered a green aggregate as they solve the problem of solid waste disposal. In this paper, a total of fifteen reinforced concrete (RC) beams were constructed and tested up to failure. The experimental beams were classified into five groups. The control beams were cast with normal weight concrete (NWC), while the remaining four groups of beams were prepared from LWC. The test parameters were the concrete type, reinforcement ratio and silica fume (SF) content. The behavior of beams was evaluated in terms of the crack pattern, failure mode, ultimate deflection, and ductility. The experimental results suggested that the weight and strength of the concrete prepared satisfied the requirements of LWC. In addition, the increase in the reinforcement ratio and SF content improved the behavior of the beams. It is noteworthy that the SF addition caused measurable enhancements to the majority of the performance characteristics of LWC beams. Thus, COBCBs were successfully used as coarse aggregates in the production of high-quality LWC. Both ACI 318-19 and CSA-A23.3-19 made acceptable predictions of the cracking moment, ultimate capacity and mid-span deflection.
Traffic Forecasting of Back Servers Based on ARIMA-LSTM-CF Hybrid Model
Authors: Yao Erzhuang , Zhang Lanjie , Li Xuehua , Yun Xiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAccurate server traffic prediction can help enterprises formulate network resource allocation strategies in advance and reduce the probability of network congestion. Traditional prediction models ignore the unique data characteristics of server traffic that can be used to optimize the prediction model, so they often cannot meet the long-term and high-precision prediction required by server traffic prediction. To solve this problem, this paper establishes a hybrid model ARIMA-LSTM-CF, which combines the advantages of linear and nonlinear models, as well as the periodic fluctuation characteristics of server traffic data obtained from banks. In addition, this paper also uses the optimized K-means clustering method to extract the traffic data of workdays and non workdays. The results show that the new hybrid model performs better than the single ARIMA and LSTM models in predicting the long-term trend of server traffic. RMSE (root mean square error) and MAE (mean absolute error) are reduced by 50%. R2 score index reached 0.64. The results show that the model can effectively extract the data characteristics of server traffic data, and the model has accurate and stable long-term prediction ability.
Prediction of ice accretion and aerodynamic performance analysis of NACA 2412 aerofoil
Authors: Ferdous M. , Haider Md. H. E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAdverse meteorological conditions often contribute to the formation of ice on aircraft wing section, engine nacelle and other parts leading to the loss of lift coefficient and increase in drag coefficient affecting aircraft control and stability. This paper addresses the problem of in-flight icing on an asymmetric aerofoil under three different ambient and cloud conditions. The study involves prediction of the leading-edge ice thickness using a numerical model developed from the mass and energy conservation law and Messinger freezing fraction model at the same Reynolds number. Later on, degradation in the aerodynamic performance of the iced aerofoil was also investigated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique, taking the flow field around a 2D aerofoil geometry into account. The aerodynamic study indicates that cumulus clouds embedded with stratified clouds contribute to the formation of mixed ice on aerofoil leading edge and causes the worst icing scenario reducing the lift coefficient to 90% and increasing the drag coefficient to 800% for the same ambient conditions.
MANDATORY BINDING DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN THE BASE EROSION AND PROFIT SHIFTING (BEPS) TWO PILLAR SOLUTION
Authors: Noonan Chris , Plekhanova Victoria 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBinding taxpayer-initiated international dispute resolution has traditionally played a minor role in the international tax system. Despite being long pursued by corporate interests and increasingly accepted by developed countries, international tax arbitration has remained less developed and less respectful of private interests than investor–State arbitration. The binding multilateral dispute settlement endorsed by over 130 countries as part of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's Two Pillar Solution to issues raised under Action 1 of the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project marks a change and is noteworthy at a time when some States are reconsidering their consent to the international adjudication of trade and investment disputes. The design of international dispute settlement in the Two Pillar Solution, and the focus on the protection of multinationals from juridical double taxation, displays little appreciation of the experience with dispute settlement in international trade and investment over the past two decades.
Economic evaluation and costs of remote patient monitoring for cardiovascular disease in the United States: a systematic review
Authors: Zhang Yunxi , Peña Maria T. , Fletcher Lauren M. , Lal Lincy , Swint J. Michael , Reneker Jennifer C. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Remote patient monitoring (RPM) has emerged as a viable and valuable care delivery method to improve chronic disease management. In light of the high prevalence and substantial economic burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD), this systematic review examines the cost and cost-effectiveness of using RPM to manage CVD in the United States.

Methods
We systematically searched databases to identify potentially relevant research. Findings were synthesized for cost and cost-effectiveness by economic study type with consideration of study perspective, intervention, clinical outcome, and time horizon. The methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Economic Evaluations.

Results
Thirteen articles with fourteen studies published between 2011 and 2021 were included in the final review. Studies from the provider perspective with a narrow scope of cost components identified higher costs and similar effectiveness for the RPM group relative to the usual care group. However, studies from payer and healthcare sector perspectives indicate better clinical effectiveness of RPM relative to usual care, with two cost-utility analysis studies suggesting that RPM relative to usual care is a cost-effective tool for CVD management even at the conservative $50,000 per Quality-Adjusted Life-Year threshold. Additionally, all model-based studies revealed that RPM is cost-effective in the long run.

Conclusions
Full economic evaluations identified RPM as a potentially cost-effective tool, particularly for long-term CVD management. In addition to the current literature, rigorous economic analysis with a broader perspective is needed in evaluating the value and economic sustainability of RPM.
Performative openness and governmental secrecy in fourteenth century Valencia
Authors: Franklin-Lyons Adam 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the fourteenth century, the urban council of Valencia tried to balance maintaining the secrecy of their government with a perceived need to publicise their actions. The council knew from experience that information vacuums could be dangerous. Feuds between noble groups made the urban council wary of the secret actions of council members. Food shortages and the anti-Jewish riots in 1391 also pressured the council to project a public face of action to quell urban unrest. In response, the city enacted a performative publicity: a public show of information dissemination concerning the normal operations of government that still occluded the actual discussions of the council.
Mandatory and seasonal vaccination against COVID-19: Attitudes of the vaccinated people in Serbia
Authors: Jovanovic Verica , Milic Marija , Dotlic Jelena , Cvjetkovic Smiljana , Jeremic Stojkovic Vida , Maksimovic Natasa , Sekulic Maja , Gazibara Tatjana 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The aim of our study was to examine the position of vaccinated people regarding the proposal for mandatory and seasonal vaccination against COVID-19 in Serbia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of people who came to receive a third dose of COVID-19 at the Institute of Public Health of Serbia in September and October 2021. Data were collected by means of a sociodemographic questionnaire. The study sample comprised 366 vaccinated adults. Factors associated with the belief that vaccination against COVID-19 should become mandatory were being married, being informed about COVID-19 from TV programmes and medical journals, trust in health professionals, and having friends affected by COVID-19. In addition to these predictors, factors associated with the belief that COVID-19 vaccination should become seasonal were being older, consistently wearing facemasks, and not being employed. The results of this study highlight that trust in information delivery, evidence-based data, and healthcare providers may be a major driver of mandatory and seasonal vaccine uptake. A careful assessment of the epidemiological situation, the capacity of the health system, and the risk–benefit ratio is needed in order to introduce seasonal and/or mandatory vaccination against COVID-19.
The impact of 3D stereoscopic visualisation on performance in electron skin apposition techniques using VERT
Authors: Parker Ellis , Kirby Mike , Bridge Pete 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
The Virtual Environment for Radiotherapy Training (VERT) is a simulator used to train radiotherapy students cost-effectively with limited risk. VERT is available as a two-dimensional (2D) and a more costly three-dimensional (3D) stereoscopic resource. This study aimed to identify the specific benefits afforded by stereoscopic visualisation for student training in skin apposition techniques.

Method:
Eight participants completed six electron skin apposition setups in both 2D and 3D views of VERT using a 7 cm × 10 cm rectangular applicator setup to 100 cm focus skin distance (FSD). The standard deviation (SD) of the mean distance from each corner of the applicator to the virtual patient’s skin surface [which we define as apposition precision (AP)] was measured along with the time taken to achieve each setup. Participants then completed a four-question Likert-style questionnaire concerning their preferences and perceptions of the 2D and 3D views.

Results:
There was little difference in mean setup times with 218·43 seconds for 2D and 211·29 seconds for 3D (3·3% difference). There was a similarly small difference in AP with a mean SD of 5·61 mm for 2D and 5·79 mm for 3D (3·2% difference) between views. The questionnaire results showed no preference for the 3D view over the 2D.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that the 2D and 3D views result in similar setup times and precision, with no user preference for the 3D view. It is recommended that the 2D version of VERT could be utilised in similar situations with a reduced logistical and financial impact.
Associations of maternal preterm birth with subsequent risk for type 2 diabetes in women from the women’s health initiative
Authors: Holman-Vittone Aaron , Monahan Brian , LeBlanc Erin S. , Liu Simin , Nassir Rami , Saquib Nazmus , Schnatz Peter F. , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Sinkey Rachel , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Wild Robert A. , Chasan-Taber Lisa , Manson JoAnn E. , Spracklen Cassandra N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPreterm birth has been associated with insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction, a hallmark characteristic of type 2 diabetes. However, studies investigating the relationship between a personal history of being born preterm and type 2 diabetes are sparse. We sought to investigate the potential association between a personal history of being born preterm and risk for type 2 diabetes in a racially and ethnically diverse population. Baseline and incident data (>16 years of follow-up) from the Women’s Health Initiative (n = 85,356) were used to examine the association between personal history of being born preterm (born 1910–1940s) and prevalent (baseline enrollment; cross-sectional) or incident (prospective cohort) cases of type 2 diabetes. Logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate odds and hazards ratios. Being born preterm was significantly, positively associated with odds for prevalent type 2 diabetes at enrollment (adjOR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.43–2.24; P < 0.0001). Stratified regression models suggested the positive associations at baseline were consistent across race and ethnicity groups. However, being born preterm was not significantly associated with risk for incident type 2 diabetes. Regression models stratified by age at enrollment suggest the relationship between being born preterm and type 2 diabetes persists only among younger age groups. Preterm birth was associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes but only in those diagnosed with type 2 diabetes prior to study enrollment, suggesting the association between preterm birth and type 2 diabetes may exist at earlier age of diagnosis but wane over time.
Trapdoor Fault Activation: A Step Toward Caldera Collapse at Sierra Negra, Galápagos, Ecuador
Authors: Shreve T. , Delgado F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe 2018 Sierra Negra eruption resulted in meter‐scale subsidence due to basaltic magma extraction from a deflating reservoir. The eruption was also characterized by dike intrusions, >4 MW earthquakes, and sulfur dioxide emissions. We use a combination of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, Digital Elevation Model, Global Positioning System and seismic data to assess conditions required to trigger episodic caldera collapse at Sierra Negra. The 2018 effusive eruption was mainly sourced from a horizontal sill located at ∼2 km depth, with a minimum erupted bulk volume of 0.19 km3. The modeled reservoir is bound by a C‐shaped ring of seismicity, suggesting trapdoor fault slip. Two >4.5 MW earthquakes (5 and 22 July 2018) produced localized subsidence north of the southern trapdoor fault. After removing the modeled subsidence signal, distributed normal trapdoor fault slip explains the location of residual displacement. Furthermore, distributed fault models indicate slip occurred along the northern, central and southern segments of the trapdoor fault during the entire eruption, until 25 August 2018. Theoretical models of caldera collapse estimate that an erupted volume of 0.19 km3 is too small to trigger full‐scale caldera collapse, given the caldera aspect ratio (depth/diameter) of 0.22. Nonetheless, the spatial distribution and duration of seismicity and slip suggest trapdoor fault activation is the initial stage of caldera collapse at Sierra Negra, which may lead to full‐scale caldera collapse during larger eruptions. Alternatively, hundreds of medium‐sized eruptions, similar to that of 2018, may have triggered fault slip events over the past millennia.