bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Latent Profile Analysis of a Test of Concept, Stigma Intervention to Increase PrEP Uptake Among Black Sexual Minority Men
Authors: Eaton Lisa A. , Layland Eric K. , Driver Redd , Kalichman Seth C. , Kalichman Moira O. , Watson Ryan J. , Kalinowski Jolaade , Chandler Cristian J. , Earnshaw Valerie A. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has demonstrated efficacy for HIV prevention, yet uptake of PrEP among populations in urgent need of prevention tools (eg, Black sexual minority men) is limited, and stigma and medical mistrust remain strong barriers to accessing PrEP.

Purpose:
To evaluate a test of concept brief intervention to address stigma and medical mistrust as barriers to PrEP uptake using novel latent profile analysis.

Methods:
Participants (N = 177) residing in the southeastern US were randomized to 1 of 4 arms to establish the potential impact of a brief, stigma focused counseling intervention (referred to as Jumpstart) to increase PrEP uptake. We estimated intervention effect size (Cramer's V) for PrEP uptake and then explored differential intervention effects across latent profiles of psychosocial barriers to PrEP use.

Results:
The intervention resulted in small, but meaningful effect size, with self-reported PrEP uptake increasing across Jumpstart conditions with the control condition reporting 24% uptake and Jumpstart plus text/phone calls (the most intensive intervention arm) reporting 37% uptake, and a similar pattern emerging for biologically confirmed PrEP use. Among participants 30 and older, Jumpstart participants were more likely to move to a postintervention profile with fewer barriers than control participants and reported the highest uptake of PrEP.

Conclusions:
Addressing social/emotional barriers to PrEP uptake is an essential component of bridging the gap between advances being made in biomedical forms of HIV prevention, and establishing and supporting access to those advances.
Hungarian Women’s Health Care Seeking Behavior and Knowledge of Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Szatmári Éva , Makai Alexandra , Prémusz Viktória , Balla Béla József , Ambrus Eszter , Boros-Balint Iuliana , Ács Pongrác , Hock Márta 
Published: May 2023

Importance
Adequate knowledge about pelvic floor disorders could lead to increased health care-seeking behavior, improved symptoms, and quality of life.

Objectives
The aims of the present study were to evaluate Hungarian women’s knowledge about pelvic floor disorders and to assess health care-seeking behavior.

Study Design
We conducted a cross-sectional survey from March to October 2022 using self-administered questionnaires. The Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire was used to assess Hungarian women’s knowledge about pelvic floor disorders. The International Consultation of Incontinence Questionnaire–Short Form was used to gather information about the symptoms of urinary incontinence.

Results
Five hundred ninety-six women were included in the study. Urinary incontinence knowledge was deemed proficient in 27.7% of participants, while pelvic organ prolapse knowledge was deemed proficient in 40.4% of participants. Greater urinary incontinence knowledge was significantly associated (P < 0.001) with higher level of education (P = 0.016), work in a medical field (P < 0.001), and ever practiced pelvic floor muscle training (P < 0.001), whereas greater pelvic organ prolapse knowledge was significantly associated (P < 0.001) with higher level of education (P = 0.032), work in a medical field (P < 0.001), ever practiced pelvic floor muscle training (P = 0.017), and ever had pelvic organ prolapse (P = 0.022). Of the 248 participants who reported a history of urinary incontinence, only 42 (16.93%) women sought care. Care seeking was higher among women who were more knowledgeable about urinary incontinence and among women with more severe symptoms.

Conclusions
Hungarian women had limited knowledge about urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Health care seeking among women with urinary incontinence was low.
Quantitative Electroencephalographic Changes Associated With Brain Tissue Hypoxia After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Exploratory Analysis
Authors: Appavu Brian L. , Temkit M′Hamed , Hanalioglu Damla , Burrows Brian T. , Adelson P. David 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
Brain tissue hypoxia is associated with poor outcomes after pediatric traumatic brain injury. Although invasive brain oxygenation (PbtO2) monitoring is available, noninvasive methods assessing correlates to brain tissue hypoxia are needed. We investigated EEG characteristics associated with brain tissue hypoxia.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective analysis of 19 pediatric traumatic brain injury patients undergoing multimodality neuromonitoring that included PbtO2 and quantitative electroencephalography(QEEG). Quantitative electroencephalography characteristics were analyzed over electrodes adjacent to PbtO2 monitoring and over the entire scalp, and included power in alpha and beta frequencies and the alpha-delta power ratio. To investigate relationships of PbtO2 to quantitative electroencephalography features using time series data, we fit linear mixed effects models with a random intercept for each subject and one fixed effect, and an auto-regressive order of 1 to model between-subject variation and correlation for within-subject observations. Least squares (LS) means were used to investigate for fixed effects of quantitative electroencephalography features to changes in PbtO2 across thresholds of 10, 15, 20, and 25 mm Hg.

Results:
Within the region of PbtO2 monitoring, changes in PbtO2 < 10 mm Hg were associated with reductions of alpha-delta power ratio (LS mean difference −0.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) [−0.02, −0.00], p = 0.0362). Changes in PbtO2 < 25 mm Hg were associated with increases in alpha power (LS mean difference 0.04, 95% CI [0.01, 0.07], p = 0.0222).

Conclusions:
Alpha–delta power ratio changes are observed across a PbtO2 threshold of 10 mm Hg within regions of PbtO2 monitoring, which may reflect an EEG signature of brain tissue hypoxia after pediatric traumatic brain injury.
Improving data archiving practices in ancient genomics
Authors: Bergström Anders 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe sequencing of ancient DNA from preserved biological remains is producing a rich record of past genetic diversity in humans and other species. However, unless the primary data is made available in public archives in an appropriate fashion, its long-term value will not be fully realised. I surveyed publicly archived data from 42 recent ancient genomics studies. I found that half of the studies archived incomplete subsets of the generated genomic data, preventing accurate replication and representing a loss of data of potential use for future research. None of the studies met all archiving criteria that could be considered best practice. Based on these results, I make six recommendations for data producers: 1) archive all sequencing reads, not just those that can be aligned to a reference genome, 2) archive read alignments as well, but as secondary analysis files linked to the underlying raw read files, 3) provide correct experiment metadata on how samples, libraries and sequencing runs relate to each other, 4) provide informative sample metadata in the public archives, 5) publish and archive data from screening, low-coverage, poorly performing and negative experiments, and 6) document data archiving choices in papers, and review these as part of peer review processes. Given the reliance on destructive sampling of finite material, I argue that ancient genomics studies have a particularly strong responsibility to ensure the longevity and reusability of generated data.
NLRP3 and NLRP1/CARD8 pathways differently contribute to pyroptosis of CD8+ T cells of ART-treated HIV patients
Authors: Roa Mariela EGV , Cambui Raylane AG , Yamada Suemy M , Leal Vinicius CN , Pontillo Alessandra 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHIV-infected (HIV) patients exhibit immune dysregulation independently of antiretroviral therapy. The inflammasome, a cytosolic complex responsible for cleavage of the inflammatory cytokines IL -1β and IL -18 and pyroptosis, is highly activated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV patients, suggesting its involvement in leukocyte dysfunction. While monocytes, B cells, and CD4+ T cells have been studied, little is known about CD8+ T lymphocytes.Therefore, we proposed to characterize the inflammasome activation in these cells, both the NLRP3 and NLRP1/CARD8 pathways, which are partially described in T cells. CD8+ T lymphocytes from non-HIV healthy donors (HD) and HIV patients were analyzedex vivoand stimulatedin vitrowith known activators of NLRP3 (α-CD3/α-CD28), NLRP1 and CARD8 (DPP9 inhibitor ValboroPro, VbP) to assess inflammasome activation. HIV CD8+ T cells present a constitutively activated caspase-1 which positively correlates with the cell activation state. HIV CD8+ T cells were more activated and more resistant to VbP-induced pyroptosis than HD. On the other way, HIV CD8+ T lymphocytes showed higher pyroptosis in response to α-CD3/α-CD28.These findings suggest that the NLRP3 pathway is significantly dysregulated in those patients, and TCR stimulation may result in cell loss. At the same time, being HIV CD8+ T cells constitutively activated, other inflammasome pathways, such as NLRP1 or CARD8, present a delayed activation.
Defining distinct RNA-protein interactomes of SARS-CoV-2 genomic and subgenomic RNAs
Authors: Whitworth Isabella T. , Knoener Rachel A. , Puray-Chavez Maritza , Halfmann Peter , Romero Sofia , Baddouh M’bark , Scalf Mark , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Kutluay Sebla B. , Smith Lloyd M. , Sherer Nathan M. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTHost RNA binding proteins recognize viral RNA and play key roles in virus replication and antiviral defense mechanisms. SARS-CoV-2 generates a series of tiered subgenomic RNAs (sgRNAs), each encoding distinct viral protein(s) that regulate different aspects of viral replication. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate the successful isolation of SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA and three distinct sgRNAs (N, S, and ORF8) from a single population of infected cells and characterize their protein interactomes. Over 500 protein interactors (including 260 previously unknown) were identified as associated with one or more target RNA at either of two time points. These included protein interactors unique to a single RNA pool and others present in multiple pools, highlighting our ability to discriminate between distinct viral RNA interactomes despite high sequence similarity. The interactomes indicated viral associations with cell response pathways including regulation of cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granules and posttranscriptional gene silencing. We validated the significance of five protein interactors predicted to exhibit antiviral activity (APOBEC3F, TRIM71, PPP1CC, LIN28B, and MSI2) using siRNA knockdowns, with each knockdown yielding increases in viral production. This study describes new technology for studying SARS-CoV-2 and reveals a wealth of new viral RNA-associated host factors of potential functional significance to infection.
Confounders in the relationship between temporomandibular disorders and posture: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Diciolla Pier Claudio , Bizzarri Paolo 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe relationship between temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and posture is widely discussed in literature. However, evidence to support this relationship is scarce, and little is known about their causal association.ObjectivesThe aim of this scoping review is to provide an analysis on how much the potential confounders (craniofacial morphological elements, sleep apnea and/or psychological factors) are the real responsible for postural changes.MethodsA search will be conducted through all publications written in English and Italian about this topic using Mediline (PubMed) database. Cross-sectional studies will be included concerning morphological (e.g. class II, class III, crossbite, etc.), respiratory (e.g. sleep apnea) and/or psychological (e.g. anxiety, depression) elements and postural patterns (lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis, forward head position) in adults (≥18 years).No restriction for the year of publication.The level of bias in the included studies will be assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies.
Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron BA.1) variant by SYBR Green□based RT□qPCR
Authors: Abdel-Sater Fadi , Makki Rawan , Khalil Alia , Hussein Nader , Borghol Nada , Khattar Ziad Abi , Hamade Aline , Khreich Nathalie , El Homsi Mahoumd , Kanaan Hussein , Raad Line , Skafi Najwa , Al-Nemer Fatima , Ghandour Zeinab , El-Zein Nabil , Abou-Hamdan Mohamad , Akl Haidar , Hamade Eva , Badran Bassam , Hamze Kassem 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is unceasingly spreading across the globe, and recently a highly transmissible Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant (B.1.1.529) has been discovered in South Africa and Botswana. Rapid identification of this variant is essential for pandemic assessment and containment. However, variant identification is mainly being performed using expensive and time-consuming genomic sequencing. In this study we propose an alternative RT-qPCR approach for the detection of the Omicron BA.1 variant using a low-cost and rapid SYBR Green method. We have designed specific primers to confirm the deletion mutations in the spike (S Δ143-145) and the nucleocapsid (N Δ31-33) which are characteristics of this variant. For the evaluation, we used 120 clinical samples from patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections, and displaying an S-gene target failure (SGTF) when using TaqPath COVID-19 kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA) that included the ORF1ab, S, and N gene targets. Our results showed that all the 120 samples harbored S Δ143-145 and N Δ31-33, which was further confirmed by Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 10 samples thereby validating our SYBR Green-based protocol. This protocol can be easily implemented to rapidly confirm the diagnosis of the Omicron BA.1 variant in COVID-19 patients and prevent its spread among populations, especially in countries with high prevalence of SGTF profile.
Environmental equity and COVID-19 experiences in the United States: Results from three survey waves of a nationally representative study conducted between 2020-2022
Authors: Anneser Elyssa , Stopka Thomas J. , Naumova Elena N. , Spangler Keith R. , Lane Kevin J. , Acevedo Andrea , Griffiths Jeffrey K. , Lin Yan , Levine Peter , Corlin Laura 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCertain environmental exposures, such as air pollution, are associated with COVID-19 incidence and mortality. To determine whether environmental context is associated with other COVID-19 experiences, we used data from the nationally representative Tufts Equity in Health, Wealth, and Civic Engagement Study data (n=1785; three survey waves 2020-2022). Environmental context was assessed using self-reported climate stress and county-level air pollution, greenness, toxic release inventory site, and heatwave data. Self-reported COVID-19 experiences included willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19, health impacts from COVID-19, receiving assistance for COVID-19, and provisioning assistance for COVID-19. Self-reported climate stress in 2020 or 2021 was associated with increased COVID-19 vaccination willingness by 2022 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.47, 3.76), even after adjusting for political affiliation (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.09, 2.93). Self-reported climate stress in 2020 was also associated with increased likelihood of receiving COVID-19 assistance by 2021 (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.29, 2.78). County-level exposures (i.e., less greenness, more toxic release inventory sites, more heatwaves) were associated with increased vaccination willingness. Air pollution exposure in 2020 was positively associated with likelihood of provisioning COVID-19 assistance in 2020 (OR = 1.16 per µg/m3; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.32). Associations between certain environmental exposures and certain COVID-19 outcomes were stronger among those who identify as a race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic White and among those who reported experiencing discrimination; however, these trends were not consistent. A latent variable representing a summary construct for environmental context was associated with COVID-19 vaccination willingness. Our results add to the growing body of literature suggesting that intersectional equity issues affecting likelihood of exposure to adverse environmental conditions are also associated with health-related outcomes.
Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential is Associated with Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Vlasschaert Caitlyn , Robinson-Cohen Cassianne , Kestenbaum Bryan , Silver Samuel A. , Chen Jian-Chun , Akwo Elvis , Bhatraju Pavan K , Zhang Ming-Zhi , Cao Shirong , Jiang Ming , Wang Yinqiu , Niu Aolei , Siew Edward , Kramer Holly J , Kottgen Anna , Franceschini Nora , Psaty Bruce M. , Tracy Russell P. , Alonso Alvaro , Arking Dan E. , Coresh Josef , Ballantyne Christie M , Boerwinkle Eric , Grams Morgan , Lanktree Matthew B. , Rauh Michael J. , Harris Raymond C. , Bick Alexander G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAge is a predominant risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI), yet the biological mechanisms underlying this risk are largely unknown and to date no genetic mechanisms for AKI have been established. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a recently recognized biological mechanism conferring risk of several chronic aging diseases including cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease and liver disease. In CHIP, blood stem cells acquire mutations in myeloid cancer driver genes such asDNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1andJAK2and the myeloid progeny of these mutated cells contribute to end-organ damage through inflammatory dysregulation. We sought to establish whether CHIP causes acute kidney injury (AKI). To address this question, we first evaluated associations with incident AKI events in three population-based epidemiology cohorts (N = 442,153). We found that CHIP was associated with a greater risk of AKI (adjusted HR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.19–1.34, p<0.0001), which was more pronounced in patients with AKI requiring dialysis (adjusted HR 1.65, 95% CI: 1.24–2.20, p=0.001). The risk was particularly high in the subset of individuals where CHIP was driven by mutations in genes other thanDNMT3A(HR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.37–1.61, p<0.0001). We then examined the association between CHIP and recovery from AKI in the ASSESS-AKI cohort and identified that non-DNMT3ACHIP was more common among those with a non-resolving pattern of injury (HR 2.3, 95% CI: 1.14–4.64, p = 0.03). To gain mechanistic insight, we evaluated the role ofTet2-CHIP to AKI in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse models. In both models, we observed more severe AKI and greater post-AKI kidney fibrosis inTet2-CHIP mice. Kidney macrophage infiltration was markedly increased inTet2-CHIP mice andTet2-CHIP mutant renal macrophages displayed greater pro-inflammatory responses. In summary, this work establishes CHIP as a genetic mechanism conferring risk of AKI and impaired kidney function recovery following AKI via an aberrant inflammatory response in CHIP derived renal macrophages.
Analysis of the learning curve for Retzius-sparing Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy for a single surgeon
Authors: Hussein H , Maitra N , Tay J , Saxionis I , Makin R , Sivathasan S , Smart S , Warren A , Shah N , Lamb BW 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe learning curve for retzius sparing robotic radical prostatectomy is not fully understood. This study attempts to identify the learning-curve across the first 130 cases of a single surgeon.MethodsAll retzius sparing robotic radical prostatectomy cases performed by a single surgeon between April 2019 and July 2022 were included. Cases were divided chronologically into 3 groups.Results130 RS-RARP cases were identified. Statistically significant differences were found between groups in several areas. Median patient age increased between group 1 (59yrs) and Group 3 (66.5yrs) (P=0.04). Proportion of patients with stage >T2 increased between Group 1 (27.9%) and Group 2 (41.9%) (P=0.036). Median console time increased between Group 1 (120 mins) and Group 2 (150 mins,) (P=0.01). Median gland weight increased between Group 1 (28g) and Group 3 (35.5g) (P<0.001). Positive surgical margin rate fell between Group 1 (30.2%) and Group 3 (9.1%).ConclusionsThe complexity of cases increased over the learning curve, reflected in older patients, larger prostates and higher stage disease, but the positive surgical margin rate improved with experience. Safety and functional outcomes are excellent throughout. The learning curve might be facilitated by careful case selection favouring smaller prostates with less advanced disease.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) as an Index of Response to Treatment in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Receiving Trans-arterial Chemoembolization (TACE)
Authors: Shayegan Neda , Ayoobi Niloofar , Mohammadi Esmaeil , Saberi Hajir , Salahshour Faeze , Alborzi Forough , Sadighi Nahid , Taher Mohammad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundTrans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is commonly used for patients with large, un-resectable tumors or bridge therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prior to liver transplantation. We evaluated the response to TACE treatment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma according to modified RECIST criteria and determined the prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR).MethodsPatients with definitive diagnosis of HCC referred for TACE were studied. The response rate to TACE treatment was assessed based on dynamic MRI 28-days after treatment according to modified RECIST. The NLR value was calculated and its prognostic value was evaluated to predict the response to treatment.ResultsForty patients with HCC who underwent TACE were included in the study. The response to TACE treatment in included patients was: complete response (CR) in 6 patients (15%), partial response (PR) in 16 patients (40%) and stable disease (SD) in 18 patients (45%). No progressive disease (PD) was found. Responders (CR+PR) were 22 (55%) cases. The mean NLR after treatment in the non-responder group was significantly higher than the responder group (4.2 vs 2.4, P-value=0.026). NLR values greater than 2.6 after treatment had a sensitivity of 70.6% and a specificity of 77.3% in the diagnosis of non-responders with an Area Under the Curve of 0.73 [95% confidence interval 0.58–0.89], P-value=0.011).ConclusionCompared to responders, higher levels of NLR after treatment were observed in the non-responder group. NLR level more than 2.6 after treatment is believed to be able to discriminate non-responders as a moderate prognostication tool.