bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetative substrate configuration technology for tower foundation slope of transmission line in arid area considering species suitability
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Yang Huaiwei , Yu Weiqing , Li Xi , Liu Qing , Zhang Can 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn order to realize the ecological restoration of transmission line tower foundation slope and enrich the research methods of slope ecological restoration, this paper studies a nutrient matrix configuration technology for transmission line tower foundation slope in arid areas. The Xilingol arid grassland area in Inner Mongolia is selected as the research object, and plants such as Leymus chinensis, Festuca arundinacea and Agropyron pratense are selected as the grass species of the vegetative substrate configuration technology. Different proportions of water retaining agent, compound fertilizer, microbial agents and other substances are added to the soil, which are combined into 10 test groups. The effect of slope ecological restoration is verified by species suitability, physical and chemical properties of matrix and plant growth. The resβults showed that Caragana korshinskii, Artemisia annua, Astragalus adsurgens, Sonchus oleraceus and other plants are the dominant grass species in the plant substrate plants; The physical and chemical indexes of soil's bulk density, organic matter, total nitrogen and so on in group B2 are better than those in other groups. Adopting the vegetative substrate configuration technology with the proportion of group B2 can obtain a good ecological restoration effect of tower foundation slope of transmission line in arid areas. The vegetative substrate configuration technology can solve the long‐standing ecological and environmental protection problems of the tower foundation slope of transmission line in arid areas, and should be actively promoted and applied. Daur lymphatic is also widely used in ecological restoration of transmission line base slope in arid region. The average coverage rate was 14.85%. The average height was 100.5 cm. It could grow at an altitude of more than 1000 m. After the nutrient matrix of the transmission line base slope was configured, the grass planting belt was established under normal maintenance, and the seeds began to germinate 3 days later. After 10 days, the germination rate was 78% and the coverage rate was 65%.
Assembling the climate story: use of storyline approaches in climate‐related science
Authors: Baulenas Eulàlia , Versteeg Gerrit , Terrado Marta , Mindlin Julia , Bojovic Dragana 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStorylines are introduced in climate science to provide unity of discourse, integrate the physical and socioeconomic components of phenomena, and make climate evolution more tangible. The use of this concept by multiple scholar communities and the novelty of some of its applications renders the concept ambiguous nonetheless, because the term hides behind a wide range of purposes, understandings, and methodologies. This semi‐systematic literature review identifies three approaches that use storylines as a keystone concept: scenarios—familiar for their use in IPCC reports—discourse‐analytical approaches, and physical climate storylines. After screening peer‐reviewed articles that mention climate and storylines, 270 articles are selected, with 158, 55, and 57 in each category. The results indicate that each scholarly community works with a finite and different set of methods and diverging understandings. Moreover, these approaches have received criticism in their assembly of storylines: either for lacking explicitness or for the homogeneity of expertise involved. This article proposes that cross‐pollination among the approaches can improve the usefulness and usability of climate‐related storylines. Among good practices are the involvement of a broader range of scientific disciplines and expertise, use of mixed‐methods, assessment of storylines against a wider set of quality criteria, and targeted stakeholder participation in key stages of the process.
Kidney function in cachexia and sarcopenia: Facts and numbers
Authors: Okamura Masatsugu , Konishi Masaaki , Butler Javed , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kamyar , von Haehling Stephan , Anker Stefan D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCachexia, in the form of unintentional weight loss >5% in 12 months or less, and secondary sarcopenia in the form of muscle wasting are serious conditions that affect clinical outcomes. A chronic disease state such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) often contributes to these wasting disorders. The purpose of this review is to summarize the prevalence of cachexia and sarcopenia, their relationship with kidney function, and indicators for evaluating kidney function in patients with CKD. It is estimated that approximately half of all persons with CKD will develop cachexia with an estimated annual mortality rate of 20%, but few studies have been conducted on cachexia in CKD. Hence, the true prevalence of cachexia in CKD and its effects on kidney function and patient outcomes remain unclear. Some studies have highlighted the concept of protein‐energy wasting (PEW) which usually include sarcopenia and cachexia. Several studies have examined kidney function and CKD progression in patients with sarcopenia. Most studies use serum creatinine levels to estimate kidney function. However, creatinine may be influenced by muscle mass, and creatinine‐based glomerular filtration rate may overestimate kidney function in patients with reduced muscle mass or muscle wasting. Cystatin C, which is least affected by muscle mass, has been used in some studies, and creatinine‐to‐cystatin‐C ratio has emerged as an important prognostic marker. A previous study incorporating 428 320 participants reported that participants with CKD and sarcopenia had a 33% higher hazard of mortality compared with those without (7% to 66%, P = 0.011), and that those with sarcopenia were twice as likely to develop end‐stage kidney disease (hazard ratio: 1.98; 1.45 to 2.70, P < 0.001). Future studies on cachexia and sarcopenia in patients with CKD are needed to report rigorously defined cachexia concerning kidney function. Moreover, in studies on sarcopenia with CKD, it is desirable to accumulate studies using cystatin C to accurately estimate kidney function.
Normalisation of haemoglobin and control of breakthrough haemolysis with increased frequency pegcetacoplan dosing in treated paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
Authors: Davis Amanda K. , Bingham Nicholas , Szer Jeff 
Published: May 2023

AbstractParoxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinura is an acquired life‐threatening haemolytic condition, which is generally well controlled with terminal complement blockade with eculizumab. Whilst almost all patients treated with terminal complement inhibitors develop extravascular haemolysis, only a small proportion of these results in symptomatic anaemia limiting their activities and requiring red cell transfusion. This case highlights the potential role for the C3 inhibitor, pegcetacoplan, in controlling both intravascular and extravascular haemolysis, and is the first case to report on the use of additional doses of pegcetacoplan to control breakthrough haemolysis.
OFET Informatics: Observing the impact of organic transistor's design parameters on the device output performance using a machine learning algorithm
Authors: Mosalam Hana , Hussien Salma , Abdellatif Sameh O. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOrganic field effect transistors (OFETs), used in the fabrication of nano‐sensors, are one of the most promising devices in organic electronics because of their lightweight, flexible, and low fabrication cost. However, the numerical modeling of such OFETs is still in an early stage due to the minimal analytical as well as numerical models presented in the literature. This research aims to demonstrate an experimentally verified machine‐learning model by investigating an OFET with polyaniline as a p‐type organic semiconductor. OFET's threshold voltage, on/off current ratio, subthreshold swing, and device mobilities are studied as the primary output chiasmatic parameters. The random‐forest machine learning model has shown the criticality of the doping effect on turning the OFET to depletion mode, with positive threshold voltage, under doping higher than cm−3. Additionally, the study highlights the effectiveness of the gate oxide thickness in controlling the OFET threshold voltage. A 50 nm oxide thickness showed sufficiency to have a non‐depleted OFET operation.
Determination of kinetic characteristics of molecule thermodesorption on the surface of oxidated molybdenum
Authors: Rakhmanov Ganiboy Todjievicch , Usmanov Dilshadbek Tursunbaevich 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAdsorption and surface ionization (SI) of morphine molecules С17Н19NО3 with (m/z 285) on the surface of oxidized molybdenum was studied by voltage modulation method (VMM) with a high‐vacuum mass spectrometric setup using a “black chamber” with all walls cooled with liquid nitrogen. The SI mass spectra and temperature dependences of ion current of C9H7N+CH3 radical with m/z 144 were obtained by ionization of morphine molecules on the surface of oxidized molybdenum by using stationary SI method. They correspond to the previous results obtained by ionization of the same molecules on the surface of oxidized tungsten. The new peaks in the mass spectra can be explained by the catalytic properties of molybdenum. The sublimation heat and SI coefficient of C9H7NCH3 radicals with m/z 144 was determined. The rate constants K+ and activation energy E+ for radical ions C9H7N+CH3 with m/z 144 were determined in the adsorption of morphine molecules. For the first time the rate constants K0 and activation energies of thermal desorption Е° for radicals C9H7N+CH3 with m/z 144 during adsorption of morphine molecules were determined on the surface of oxidized molybdenum with a break of (C − C1)β bonds with the formation of ionized radicals by SI. The dependences LnΔ(ti) =  f(t) obtained by the VMM for all temperatures of experiments were well approximated by straight lines and made it possible, from the slope of the graphs, to calculate the average lifetimes  due to the processes of dissociative SI of morphine molecules on the surface. The ionization potential of this radical was estimated. It was found that the heats of desorption weakly depend on the nature of the surface itself, therefore, in theoretical energy calculations, the Lenard‐Johnson model can be used.
Anonymous editorials in biomedical research journals: Few in number but potentially problematic
Authors: Nuzzo James L. 
Published: May 2023

Key points
Editorials are typically brief comments by a journal's chief editor or associate editors on journal news, study findings, or trends in science or practice.
Anonymous editorials, which account for 1%–3% of editorials indexed in PubMed, are those in which the author's name is absent or replaced by the journal's name.
Chief editors cannot be assumed to be the authors of anonymous editorials, which causes multiple issues.
Anonymous editorials prevent readers from assessing the author's potential conflicts of interest and their credibility for discussing the editorial's topic.
Anonymous editorials also make credit and accountability for ideas in editorials difficult to establish and increase likelihood of authorship misattribution.
This article proposes that editorials be published with the names, affiliations, and potential conflicts of interests of the individuals who author them.
Exploring the complex realities of nursing work in Kenya and how this shapes role enactment and practice—A qualitative study
Authors: Mbuthia Daniel , Brownie Sharon , Jackson Debra , McGivern Gerald , English Mike , Gathara David , Nzinga Jacinta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimWe explore how nurses navigate competing work demands in resource‐constrained settings and how this shapes the enactment of nursing roles.DesignAn exploratory‐descriptive qualitative study.MethodsUsing individual in‐depth interviews and small group interviews, we interviewed 47 purposively selected nurses and nurse managers. We also conducted 57 hours of non‐participant structured observations of nursing work in three public hospitals.ResultsThree major themes arose: (i) Rationalization of prioritization decisions, where nurses described prioritizing technical nursing tasks over routine bedside care, coming up with their own ‘working standards’ of care and nurses informally delegating tasks to cope with work demands. (ii) Bundling of tasks describes how nurses were sometimes engaged in tasks seen to be out of their scope of work or sometimes being used to fill for other professional shortages. (iii) Pursuit of professional ideals describes how the reality of how nursing was practised was seen to be in contrast with nurses' quest for professionalism.
A new reliability analysis method for software‐intensive systems with degradation accumulation effect based on goal oriented methodology
Authors: Yi Xiao‐Jian , Xu Chen‐Hao , Fang Xiao‐Tong , Liu Shu‐Lin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSystem reliability directly affects the realization of software‐intensive system functions, which rely on both hardware and software. The operating status of hardware and software affect each other, and the continuous accumulation of their degraded performances will accelerate the occurrence of failures. However, the interaction relationship between hardware and software is often overlooked in most current research. In this paper, a new reliability analysis method is proposed for multi‐state software‐intensive systems with degradation accumulation effect and information transmission attenuation based on goal oriented (GO) methodology. First, a new function GO operator is created, and its operation formula is derived with the aid of Markov process theory. To quantify the impact of degradation accumulation on availability, non‐negative constant and random variable critical thresholds are set for the degradation state. Then, an effective optical power loss model is established to analyze the reliability of information transmission in the presence of attenuation. Next, the reliability analysis framework for multi‐state software‐intensive system is established based on the GO method. Finally, the proposed reliability analysis method is applied to the example of meter and decameter wavelength radio heliograph to demonstrate the applicability and feasibility of our work. The proposed model provides a more accurate reflection of the system reliability under actual operating conditions.
Theoretical study on the reaction mechanism of a new XLPE insulation material without cross‐linking byproducts: An alternative to peroxide cross‐linking
Authors: Zhang Hui , Han Wei , Du Xia , Shang Yan , Du Yang , Dong Shuqi , Yang Hongda , Wang Xuan , Chen Qingguo , Li Zesheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveDesign a new cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation material without cross‐linking by‐products (an alternative to peroxide cross‐linking). Investigate the process of covalent bonds forming and reaction mechanism of four reaction systems.MethodTheoretical calculation of the reaction potential energy information of the eleven reaction channels is used density functional theory at B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p) level.ResultsThe calculation results show that the epoxy and reactive functional groups between two poly‐ethylene copolymers can react in situ, form covalent bonds, and realize a network XLPE. This reaction process is cross‐linking byproduct‐free. The reactivity of carboxylic acid functional group is stronger among four reaction systems considered.DiscussionThe reaction Gibbs energy barriers of synergistic reaction are lower than that of step by step reaction. The reaction channel of attacking tertiary carbon site CH on epoxy is more kinetically favorable than that of attacking secondary carbon site CH2 on epoxy.ConclusionThe cross‐linking of epoxy and reactive functional groups between two polyethylene copolymers in situ would be beneficial to avoid forming cross‐linking byproducts of peroxide cross‐linking process, which is a promising method for design thermoplastic insulation materials for power cables.
Update to the light nonaqueous phase liquid infiltration conceptual model
Authors: Hamper Martin , Seyedabbasi Mir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe 1970s oil spill model described the infiltration of oil (light nonaqueous phase liquid or LNAPL) into the subsurface, resulting in an oil pancake depressing the water table within the capillary fringe. An update to the 1970s model is needed because, according to the discussion by Lenhard et al. on the work of Lenhard and Parker and Farr et al., “A key concept of their efforts was that LNAPL‐saturated ‘pancakes’ do not exist.” Lenhard and Parker and Farr et al. showed that the distribution of water, LNAPL, and air in the subsurface was a function of the LNAPL, water, and air pressures; fluid properties; and the pore‐size distribution of the porous medium, and that the fluid saturations can be calculated from fluid levels in a monitoring well. The 1970s oil spill infiltration model described that spilled LNAPL migrates downward through the vadose zone under the force of gravity with some lateral spreading. The vadose zone, where all of the liquid pressures are less than atmospheric pressure, becomes a three‐fluid zone consisting of variable saturations of air, water, and LNAPL, which together fully saturate the pore spaces. One important update to the 1970s model is that instead of the infiltrating LNAPL stopping at and depressing the water table, LNAPL penetrates the water table to a depth consistent with the gravitational and capillary forces experienced during LNAPL infiltration and creates a two‐fluid zone below the water table where LNAPL and water pressures are greater than atmospheric pressure. After the LNAPL release stops, LNAPL infiltration and migration will cease after reaching equilibrium. The updated LNAPL infiltration conceptual model, like the 1970s model, describes the situation where the LNAPL release has stopped and LNAPL infiltration and migration have ceased after reaching equilibrium. The volume of LNAPL released is also assumed to be sufficient to pass through the vadose zone and enter the saturated zone.
Global monitoring of soil multifunctionality in drylands using satellite imagery and field data
Authors: Hernández‐Clemente R. , Hornero A. , Gonzalez‐Dugo V. , Berdugo M. , Quero J. L. , Jiménez J. C. , Maestre F. T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractModels derived from satellite image data are needed to monitor the status of terrestrial ecosystems across large spatial scales. However, a remote sensing‐based approach to quantify soil multifunctionality at the global scale is missing despite significant research efforts on this topic. A major constraint for doing so is the availability of suitable global‐scale field data to calibrate remote sensing indicators (RSI) and, to a lesser extent, the sensitivity of spectral data of available satellite sensors to soil background and atmospheric conditions. Here, we aimed to develop a soil multifunctionality model to monitor global drylands coupling ground data on 14 soil functions of 222 dryland areas from six continents to 18 RSI derived from a time series (2006–2013) Landsat dataset. Among the RSI evaluated, the chlorophyll absorption ratio index was the best predictor of soil multifunctionality in single‐variable‐based models (r = 0.66, P < 0.01, NMRSE = 0.17). However, a multi‐variable RSI model combining the chlorophyll absorption ratio index, the global environment monitoring index and the canopy‐air temperature difference improved the accuracy of quantifying soil multifunctionality (r = 0.73, P < 0.01, NMRSE = 0.15). Furthermore, the correlation between RSI and soil variables shows a wide range of accuracy with upper and lower values obtained for AMI (r = 0.889, NMRSE = 0.05) and BGL (r = 0.685, NMRSE = 0.18) respectively. Our results provide new insights on assessing soil multifunctionality using RSI that may help to monitor temporal changes in the functioning of global drylands effectively.
Trace Lattice S Inserted RuO2 Flexible Nanosheets for Efficient and Long‐Term Acidic Oxygen Evolution Catalysis
Authors: Liu Liangbin , Ji Yujin , You Wentao , Liu Shangheng , Shao Qi , Kong Qingyu , Hu Zhiwei , Tao Huabing , Bu Lingzheng , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPursuing highly active and long‐term stable ruthenium (Ru) based oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst for water electrolysis under acidic conditions is of great significance yet a tremendous challenge to date. To solve the problem of serious Ru corrosion in an acid medium, the trace lattice sulfur (S) inserted RuO2 catalyst is prepared. The optimized catalyst (Ru/S NSs‐400) has shown a record stability of 600 h for the solely containing Ru (iridium‐free) nanomaterials. In the practical proton exchange membrane device, the Ru/S NSs‐400 can even sustain more than 300 h without obvious decay at the high current density of 250 mA cm−2. The detailed investigations reveal that S doping not only changes the electronic structure of Ru via forming RuS coordination for high adsorption of reaction intermediates but also stabilizes Ru from over‐oxidation. This strategy is also effective for improving the stability of commercial Ru/C and homemade Ru‐based nanoparticles. This work offers a highly effective strategy to design high‐performance OER catalysts for water splitting and beyond.
Playing with [{Mo6Bri6Sei2}(CN)a6]4− Cluster Building Blocks and Mn(salen)+ Nodes for the Crystal Engineering of Inorganic Coordination Polymers
Authors: Daigre Gilles , Tarasenko Maria S. , Ledneva Alexandra Yu. , Naumov Nikolai G. , Audebrand Nathalie , Cordier Stéphane 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe present here the syntheses and structural characterizations of inorganic polymeric cluster compounds, Cs[Mn(salen)]3[{Mo6Br6Se2}(CN)6] (1) and (H3O)(TBA)[Mn(salen)]2[{Mo6Br6Se2}(CN)6] (2) (TBA=tetrabutylammonium ((n‐C4H9)4N+)), built‐up from [{Mo6Br6Se2}(CN)6]4− molecular building blocks and Mn(salen)+ complexes (salen = salen = N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine). The nature of additional counter cations (i. e. Cs+ or TBA+) enables to control the interactions between the [{Mo6Br6Se2}(CN)6]4− building blocks and the Mn(salen)+ groups. Thus, 1 was obtained by slow diffusion of a methanol solution of K2Cs2[{Mo6Br6Se2}(CN)6] cluster compound into a methanol solution of Mn(salen)ClO4. 2 was obtained in a similar way but after the addition of tetrabutylammonium bromide into the solution of Mn(salen)ClO4. 1 is a bimetallic 3D coordination compound (
) and 2 is a bimetallic 2D compound (
). Structural correlations between 1 and 2 are discussed and compared with relevant examples found in the literature.