bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Manichaeology”
Authors: van Oort Johannes 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The article provides a survey of the development of Manichaean studies over the past 450 years. Since the last few decades in particular, one may speak of “Manichaeology” as a new and rapidly developing new discipline of the human sciences. This survey and critical assessment aims to introduce into the discipline, at the same time stressing the recurrent discussion about the importance of Iranian and/or (Jewish-)Christian elements as the core of Mani’s message that became a unique Gnostic world religion.
Catholicism or Post-Catholicisms?
Authors: Dekert Tomasz 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
From an anthropological and religious studies point of view, the Catholic liturgical reform in the wake of Vatican II is a highly intriguing event and/or process. The type of change to the ritual represented by this reform raises the question of its impact on Catholicism. This article proposes to look at this problem from the perspective of Roy A. Rappaport’s theory of ritual, primarily in terms of the ritual stabilisation of meaning. The breakdown in terms of the semiotics of immutability that resulted from the reform, and the far-reaching shift towards verbal communication that this brought about in the post-conciliar liturgy, seem to have been the main factors responsible for destabilizing the Catholic universe of meaning as regards its relationship to “truth.” As a result, instead of just one Catholicism, today we can speak of many “post-Catholicisms.”
Between Imperium and Sacerdotium
Authors: Delport Khegan M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Christianity from its inception has expressed a tension between imperium and sacerdotium; after the Reformation, this tension has only been aggravated. Avowals of religious freedom thereafter have often rightly insisted on the capacity of spiritual communities to invoke limits for the state. This is readily apparent in South Africa, past and present. However, scholarship has shown that “religious liberty” has an ambiguous function, such as its privatisation of belief, based on a liberalised notion of “negative” freedom that allows the state to grant the “right” to “belief,” while simultaneously rendering belief a purely private or “otherworldly” affair. This is traceable to overly-Protestant conceptions of “religion” and “freedom” that are pervasive – including South Africa. From a theological perspective, I argue that this conception of “religious freedom” might sit in tension with aspects of ecclesiology and that the discursive deployment of “religious freedom” should therefore be engaged critically.
‘Binding of a Husband’
Authors: Cherkashina Anna , Kuzin Nikita 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article examines a Syriac erotic binding spell, ‘Binding of a Husband’. We provide a text-critical edition of this spell based on three manuscripts and reconsider previous editions and translations. We also try to establish the aim of the text and its place in the Syriac magical tradition. For this purpose, the evidence from modern Syriac magic manuscripts as well as from other pieces of Syriac literature is addressed. In addition, we discuss possible parallels for ‘Binding of a Husband’ beyond Syriac literature.
Perspectives of In-service and Retired Academics on Retirement Planning in Tanzania
Authors: Amani Jaquiline 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study explores the perspectives of in-service and retired academics on retirement planning and their perception of the appropriate time for employees to start doing so. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study collected data from two private and two public Universities in Tanzania. Specifically, it employed focused group discussions and semi-structured interviews to collect requisite data subjected to thematic analysis. The findings show that retirement planning unfolds in six main areas: a) Identifying sources of income to meet retirement needs mainly through paid gainful work, b) Opportunities and networking beyond formal work, c) Spending time following changing work roles, d) Housing arrangements, e) Willingness to accept retirement and its associated outcomes, and f) Healthy lifestyle and health insurance costs. However, the study found no fixed time for employees to start preparing for retirement. Varied options and justifications regarding when one might start planning for retirement life emerged. Some participants indicated the best time as immediately after being independent or detached from the family whereas others cited the period immediately following one’s securing of formal employment or ten years prior to one’s retirement age. Based on the findings, there is a need for policy considerations and further research to facilitate smooth retirement planning and adjustment among academics.
A Sankarian Perspective on the IMF Loans to South Africa – ‘Debt as a Cleverly Organised Reconquest of Africa’
Authors: Leshoele Moorosi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic that continues to ravish the world economies and snatch lives of millions of people across the world has without a doubt exacerbated the already fragile over-indebtedness of many countries globally, more especially in Africa. South Africa was used as a case study to better understand the International Financial Institutions and debtor countries nexus through the prisms of Sankarian Thought and philosophy concerning debt and loans. This was because South Africa had not borrowed money from the twin IFIs, IMF and the World Bank, for many years until recently when the pandemic struck the world. It is useful to understand why the multilateral financial institutions such as the IMF, the World Bank and others had to be the last resort in the fight against this pandemic by the South African government. The role of these two main predators that have since flag independence of Africa been the engineers and custodians of debt neo-enslavement of African countries is the common thread in this article. As Sankara argued and was eventually assassinated for, in part, lobbying African States to form a united front in repudiating illegitimate debt, the solution to the African development challenge does not lie in acquiring more aid and loans. It lies in harnessing their own resources and optimally using them to uplift the lives of their people ethically, and that is the only way Africa would eventually be able to call its soul its own. Amongst others, the paper found that a strong case can be made by many African countries for repudiation of odious debt, however, the same cannot be argued for South Africa.
Visions of the Empire
Authors: Troilo Simona 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Since the 1920s, the Fascist regime promoted a significant visual use of Libyan archeological ruins, which were photographed and published by newspapers, periodicals and academic journals in Italy and overseas. The visualisation of antiquities had a clear political purpose: to strengthen the fascist historic imagery while celebrating the myth of romanità and the ideal connection existing between the metropole and the colony. At the same time, it was meant to emphasise the theme of modernity, showing the intimate relation of science and technology with the preservation of the ancient world. Starting from the role that the regime assigned to Libyan antiquities, the present article focuses on such relation and examines the use of a specific means of communication: archeological photography. Divested of its scientific value, archeological photography was not used simply to document the excavation activities, but rather to legitimise the superiority of Italian science, which could bring Rome’s past back to life in territories that had now been reconquered. In this sense, the visualisation of historical evidence further legitimised Italian domination over the colony, providing the fascist colonial archive with new themes.
Analysing Knowledge Diplomacy and Differentiating It from Soft Power and Cultural, Science, Education and Public Diplomacies
Authors: Knight Jane 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The purpose of this article is to explore the contemporary role of international higher education, research and innovation (IHERI) in international relations (IR). Using an interdisciplinary and conceptual approach, it examines how diplomacy and higher education scholars understand and label the rationales, strategies and contributions of IHERI to IR. The findings indicate that multiple terms are used, resulting in terminology chaos and confusion. The concept of knowledge diplomacy is proposed, defined and analysed as a comprehensive term to frame the role of IHERI in IR. The similarities and differences between knowledge diplomacy and related terms such as cultural, public, science and education diplomacy and soft power are examined. Issues that require further investigation are identified, with special attention given to the differences between using a knowledge diplomacy approach versus a soft power approach to understand the role of IHERI in IR.
The Function of “Spirit” in German Christian Theology and the Volkstestament
Authors: Buesnel Ryan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The German Christians (Deutsche Christen) were a factional group within the German Evangelical Church who incorporated völkisch and National Socialist ideology into theology and Church life. Throughout the 1930s until the close of the Second World War, German Christian leaders would express a robust theological agenda in a plethora of monographs, policy statements, and speeches. Much of this theology has a strongly Christological emphasis, especially as this concerned the crafting of Germanic Jesus. Accompanying this was a frequent evocation of the “Spirit” as a way of imbuing the National Socialist revolution with religious significance. The following article traces such uses of Spirit language within German Christian proclamation and explores how this had distinct implications for the Christian doctrine of the Holy Spirit.
Scribal Collaboration and Gender in a Middle Dutch Song Manuscript and a Rapiarium of the Devotio Moderna
Authors: de Morrée Cécile 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article discusses two important representatives of the manuscript culture of the Devotio Moderna in the late medieval eastern Low Countries (c. 1500): a vernacular devout song manuscript (Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin—Preussischer Kulturbesitz mgo 185) and a Middle Dutch rapiarium or collection of various short religious texts (Zwolle, Historisch Centrum Overijssel, Collectie Emmanuelshuizen 13). Both religious multi-text codices, the material similarities between both types of manuscripts have frequently been pointed out but were never studied in detail. These particular manuscripts, however, offer fertile grounds for such a comparison, since both were in part copied by the same—probably female—scribes. Examining the nature and extent of their efforts and collaborations, this article further develops questions and arguments raised in previous scholarship on the production processes of song manuscripts and rapiaria.
‘The Comfort for the Sick’ as ars moriendi
Authors: de Boer Erik 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
During the Protestant Reformation of the Churches in the Low Countries the sacrament of extreme unction and rituals surrounding burial were eliminated. The ever-present reality of illness and approaching death, however, kept demanding pastoral care and comfort for the dying. In the 1570s a text was published, Den Siecken Troost (Comfort for the Sick), which found its way into the Reformed books of liturgy. This article researches the author’s identity and itinerary, and also the publication history of his booklet. Although no ecclesiastical body seems to have consented to the inclusion in the liturgical book, its lasting presence until the twenty first century begs the question how the ‘Comfort for the Sick’ came to such prominence.
The Form for the Solemnisation of Marriage’s Social and Historical Context
Authors: Lorein Anne E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this article, the historical and social context of Petrus Dathenus’s Form for the Solemnisation of Marriage at the end of the sixteenth century and the early seventeenth century in the province of Holland is examined, in order to grasp the meaning of this Marriage Form of the Dutch Reformed Church. In order to do so, the Dutch Classical Reformed Form is related to information of primary and secondary sources about matrimony. A discussion of the marriage banns, parental consent, engagement, the wedding location, the views on marriage, husbands and wives’ responsibilities, and divorce, demonstrates that examination of the historical developments and contemporary rules and manners improves our understanding of the Form. Nevertheless, being a liturgical document, the Form did not always represent the social context, but rather interacted with the social context as a normative source.
Preaching before a Manly King
Authors: Roest Bert 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article analyses a peculiar misogynist sermon held in 1702 by an unknown, probably Franciscan preacher at the court of Friedrich August, alias August ‘der Starke’, prince-elector of Saxony (r. 1694–1733) and king of Poland (r. 1697–1704/6 & 1709–1733). This sermon, held in the year that Poland faced a Swedish military invasion, laments the many problems of the Polish king and the kingdom of Poland, and puts the blame squarely on the shoulders of the king’s mistresses. This article tries to recreate the immediate context in which this sermon can be situated, and provides an analysis of the argument of the preacher, also as a type of typical anti-feminine discourse in early modern Franciscan pastoral care. At the very end is included a transcript and draft translation of the sermon itself, based on its apparently only surviving text witness included in Ms. iurid. 39 of the Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Kassel.
Global Governance Research
Authors: Roger Charles , Jordana Jacint , Holesch Adam , Schmitt Lewin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Global governance has been widely embraced as an object of analysis and as a way of “seeing” world politics. Yet we still know little about how publishing has evolved. This article presents the first systematic exploration of these patterns. It uses an original dataset of global governance research to answer three first-order questions: How has publishing varied over time? What issues have scholars focused on? And who has been publishing in the field? The authors found that research has grown and become increasingly diverse—but selectively so. Some marginalized issues feature more prominently than in the rest of international relations, but there are blind spots too. Further, while research is less American and women have been comparatively more active relative to other areas, geographical diversity remains extremely limited. Scholars based in the Global South have been the first authors of less than 14 percent of all publications. To conclude, the article reflects on implications for the field.
Occupational Health and Safety Conditions of Informal Sector Workers in Three Nigerian Cities
Authors: Onyenechere Emmanuella C. , Asikogu Linus O. , Chikwendu Lazarus , Emetumah Faisal C. , Onyegiri Ikechukwu , Ukanwa Obinna E. , Nkwo Jorge C. , Nwokocha Remy K. , Onyeneke Christopher C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Despite its economic relevance, the informal sector in Nigeria is plagued by occupational health and safety (ohs) anomalies. This study assessed ohs conditions among informal sector workers (isw s) operating in three Nigerian cities (Sokoto, Owerri and Port Harcourt). A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a total of 717 isw s. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis. Logistic regression was used in predicting good ohs practices, based on gender, education level, occupation, health impairments and common health and safety practices. The findings show that many isw s have inadequate water sources and sanitary facilities and poor occupational health and safety practices. The overall model was statistically significant in predicting the likelihood of having good ohs practices. The study concludes that ohs conditions among isw s are poor as a result of insufficient water and sanitation facilities and poor environmental health practices. Improved water and sanitation provision and ohs awareness and education programmes for isw s, in line with their specific occupations and susceptibility to certain kinds of occupational health impairment, are recommended.
La réforme de la fonction publique : Vecteur de bonne gouvernance et du développement en République Démocratique du Congo
Authors: Muambi Richard Tshienda 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Public sector reform policies have experienced considerable development over the past few decades in most developed countries, but also in those on the African continent. The civil service has thus been at the heart of many administrative reforms: since development has ceased to be considered from a solely economic or technical angle, the scientific community is more unanimous than in the past in its recognition that the effectiveness of economic structures depends largely on the complementarities they encounter in the political, administrative, social and even mental environment. Over the years, the will to reform the civil service has appeared as a constant for the countries in question. Justified by the principle of adaptation of the public service, civil service reform takes the form of projects which aim, on the one hand, to improve the direct relationship between the citizen and the administration and, on the other hand, to establish the terms of its management. In the Democratic Republic of Congo more than elsewhere, the functioning and performance of the public service has posed difficult questions for more than forty years, preventing it from breaking the paradox which characterises it - namely that in such a rich country, the population is one of the poorest on the planet. Thus, this study aims not only to analyse the strategies deployed in the implementation of civil service reform in the Democratic Republic of Congo but to attempt to evaluate the results as well.
Recovery and Substitute Addictions
Authors: Sinclair Deborah Louise , Sussman Steve , Savahl Shazly , Florence Maria , Vanderplasschen Wouter 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Substitute addictions – addictions that replace terminated substance use disorders (sud s) – involving addictive behaviours such as a new substance, food/eating, gambling, shopping, or sex, have implications for recovery but remain poorly understood. While extant studies suggest a multifaceted aetiology, research is needed to illuminate the nature, dynamics/mechanisms, motives and risk factors of substitute addictions. This multiple-methods study (1) reviewed the available literature on substitute addiction in people with sud s using a scoping review method; (2) explored the experience of substitute addiction from a first-person perspective using a case study; (3) investigated the prevalence of substitute addiction and associated factors among service users during and after residential substance use treatment using a quantitative longitudinal cohort design (n=137, 66% follow-up rate); (4) explored recovery support group members’ (n=23) perceptions and experiences of substitute addictions using in-depth interviews; and (5) explored service providers’ (n=22) perceptions of substitute addiction through focus group discussions. Findings were integrated across datasets to offer recommendations for prevention, practice and research.
Investigating Turkey’s Changing Narratives Regarding Interventions in Libya and Syria
Authors: Erdogan Birsen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article investigates the role of intersubjective and situated meanings and norm contestation for militarised humanitarian interventions from a critical perspective. The International Relations (ir) literature on humanitarian interventions, the Responsibility to Protect doctrine, and emergence of norms is explained and critically evaluated. The case analysed here is Turkey and its foreign policy discourse regarding interventions in Libya and Syria. Based on the case and literature review, the author concludes that critical approaches particularly provide useful tools to understand the role of identity, changing foreign policy narratives, and power constellations in world politics.
Eurasian Regionalism from the Perspective of Scale
Authors: Heller Regina 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article argues that the analytical concept of scale can provide researchers with a more holistic, entangled, and decolonised research perspective on Eurasian regionalism. By drawing on the socio-spatial analytical perspective of scale, I show how we can overcome theoretical biases and conceptual divides in and between the entangled fields of ir and Eurasian studies.1 A scalar perspective helps to dissolve these biases and divides by de-essentialising Eurasia as a region and conceptualising it as a contested, constructed and contentious political geography, formed by powerful actors who use the notion of ‘region’ to further their political interests. One virtue of a scalar perspective is that it reveals the multidimensional character of Eurasian regionalism and its connectedness with the global, depending on the imaginaries activated, the vested power interests pursued, and the regional, inter-regional and international networks created in a specific issue area.
The Co-Existence of Mitigation and International Investment Law
Authors: Dooley Josephine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
While States are re-casting their contemporary international investment agreements (IIAs) to take into account measures to address climate change vis-à-vis investment protections, a large network of older or less ‘green-friendly’ IIAs exists which contain no reference to the environment or climate change. These less green-friendly IIAs may be interpreted as limiting the extent to which States can implement measures to mitigate the effects of climate change. This article examines the police powers doctrine, the prevention principle and, briefly, the precautionary principle to identify their current treatment in IIAs and investment law jurisprudence, and practical considerations to limit the risk of inconsistency between mitigation measures and obligations under less green-friendly IIAs.
Coordination strategies in Messapic
Authors: Pitts Reuben J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Messapic, like many ancient Indo-European languages, shows evidence for the existence of more than one coordinating conjunction. Alongside an inherited Indo-European clitic =ti, comparable to Lat. =que or Gk. =τε, Messapic has also grammaticalised an additional coordinator anda from a lexical source. Although the two conjunctions are found in some strikingly similar contexts, this paper argues that they also show noteworthy functional differences, which can plausibly be contextualised against a broader cross-linguistic understanding of how novel coordinators grammaticalise. In this way, the typological study of coordination has the potential to contribute further insights into this fascinating—and as yet insufficiently understood—epigraphic language.