bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Succession and assembly mechanisms of seawater prokaryotic communities along an extremely wide salinity gradient
Authors: Guan Xiaoyan , Zhao Zelong , Jiang Jingwei , Fu Lei , Liu Jiaojiao , Pan Yongjia , Gao Shan , Wang Bai , Chen Zhong , Wang Xuda , Sun Hongjuan , Jiang Bing , Dong Ying , Zhou Zunchun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSalinity is an important environmental factor in microbial ecology for affecting the microbial communities in diverse environments. Understanding the salinity adaptation mechanisms of a microbial community is a significant issue, while most previous studies only covered a narrow salinity range. Here, variations in seawater prokaryotic communities during the whole salt drying progression (salinity from 3% to 25%) were investigated. According to high‐throughput sequencing results, the diversity, composition, and function of seawater prokaryotic communities varied significantly along the salinity gradient, expressing as decreased diversity, enrichment of some halophilic archaea, and powerful nitrate reduction in samples with high salt concentrations. More importantly, a sudden and dramatic alteration of prokaryotic communities was observed when salinity reached 16%, which was recognized as the change point. Combined with the results of network analysis, we found the increasing of complexity but decreasing of stability in prokaryotic communities when salinity exceeded the change point. Moreover, prokaryotic communities became more deterministic when salinity exceeded the change point due to the niche adaptation of halophilic species. Our study showed that substantial variations in seawater prokaryotic communities along an extremely wide salinity gradient, and also explored the underlying mechanisms regulating these changes.
Non‐fatal overdose risk associated with prescribing opioid agonists concurrently with other medication: Cohort study conducted using linked primary care, secondary care and mortality records
Authors: Domzaridou Eleni , Carr Matthew J. , Millar Tim , Webb Roger T. , Ashcroft Darren M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsAn apparently protective effect of opioid agonist treatment (OAT) on all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality risk has been widely reported. Non‐fatal overdose (NFO) often precedes subsequent drug‐poisoning deaths. We hypothesized that benzodiazepines, gabapentinoids, antipsychotics, antidepressants, Z‐drugs or opioids increase the NFO risk when co‐prescribed with OAT.DesignWe conducted a cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD and Aurum databases. The cohort was linked to Hospital Episode Statistics admitted patient care data (HES‐APC), neighbourhood‐ and practice‐level Index of Multiple Deprivation quintiles and mortality records from the Office for National Statistics.SettingPrimary care in England.ParticipantsWe studied patients with opioid use disorder, aged 18–64 years, who were prescribed OAT (15155 methadone and 5743 buprenorphine recipients) between Jan 1, 1998, and Dec 31, 2017.MeasurementsThe main outcome examined was NFO risk during co‐prescription of OAT with benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, gabapentinoids, antidepressants, Z‐drugs or opioids. Overdose was defined according to International Classification of Diseases codes from the HES‐APC data set. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate weighted rate ratios (wRR) for NFO during co‐prescription of OAT and benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, gabapentinoids, antidepressants, Z‐drugs or opioids with periods of exclusive OAT usage.FindingsAmong 20 898 patients observed over 83 856 person‐years, we found an elevated overdose risk that resulted in hospital admission during co‐prescription of OAT with benzodiazepines [wRR: 1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26–1.67], gabapentinoids (wRR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.77–2.79), Z‐drugs (wRR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.31–1.96), antipsychotics (wRR = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.53–2.25) and opioids (wRR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.02–1.60). The risk ratio for antidepressant co‐prescriptions was below unity (wRR = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.79–1.02) but this result was not statistically significant.ConclusionElevated risk of non‐fatal overdose among opioid agonist treatment recipients is associated with concurrent use of medication prescribed for other reasons.
Janusia anisandra (A. Juss.) Griseb (Malpighiaceae): The first case of enantiostyly in oil‐flower species
Authors: de Bezerra Elisangela Lucia de Santana , Sabino‐Oliveira Ana Carolina , Machado Isabel Cristina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEnantiostyly is a floral polymorphism characterized by style deflection to the right and left, which results in flowers with mirror images. To date, enantiostyly occurs only in species that offer pollen or nectar as floral resource. Here we describe the first case of enantiostyly in an oil‐flower species. Janusia anisandra (A. Juss.) Griseb (Malpighiaceae) shows right and left‐styled flowers in individuals occurring in an area of tropical dry forest in Northeastern Brazil. We described the floral morphology, investigate the reproductive system, and made focal observations of flower visitors behaviour. J. anisandra has morphological traits that are part of the floral conservatism found in the neotropical species of Malpighiaceae, which preserves features that are decisive for the interaction with oil‐collecting bees of the Centridini tribe, performing a highly specialized pollination system. The six stamens (two major and four smaller), located in the center of the flower, characterizes heteranthery, an intrafloral polymorphism, in which the stamens differ in shape, size, and function and is commonly associated with enantiostyly. We identified the two floral morphs in the same individual, characterizing a monomorphic enantiostyly; each of the morphs differs by lateral displacement of the style to the right or to the left, always accompanied by one larger stamen. The species is moderately self‐compatible. Four species of solitary bees of the genus Centris were registered visiting the two morphs of J. anisandra flowers. Centris aenea and C. fuscata were the main pollinators, performing 65% of the visits. This new discovery of a classical monomorphic enantiostyly in J. anisandra opens the way for investigations in the evolution of this system in oil‐secreting flowers.
A comparison of double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenge and open food challenge
Authors: Jessen Frederik Bloch , Mortz Charlotte G. , Eller Esben , Gudichsen Julie H. , Baekdal Emil A. , Bindslev‐Jensen Carsten 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundDouble‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) remains the gold standard for diagnosing food allergy, despite sparse comparisons to open food challenges (OpenFCs). The objective of this retrospective study was to compare severity of symptoms and threshold values (cumulative dose of food allergen eliciting a clinical reaction) in children and adults with peanut allergy, challenged in an open and/or double‐blind, placebo‐controlled protocol.MethodsThis study included patients from the Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital with a positive oral food challenge, defined as strict objective signs, with peanut during the period 2001–2022. Severity of symptoms was graded using the Sampson's severity score. Distribution models of threshold values were calculated using log‐normal interval‐censored survival analysis, and the number of placebo reactions was evaluated.ResultsIn total, 318 positive OpenFCs and 86 DBPCFCs were included. There was no difference in severity of symptoms nor threshold values comparing the two challenge types, neither when stratified for age groups. However, a higher proportion of children experienced Grade 3 symptoms in the double‐blind group. Only one patient had a positive reaction to a placebo challenge.ConclusionOur findings do not advocate for DBPCFC being superior to OpenFC, if the latter is performed with strict objective stop criteria by trained staff.
Bioinformatics‐guided disproportionality analysis of sevoflurane‐induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database
Authors: Jacob Akhil T. , Kumar Ankitha Hari , Halivana Gayethri , Lukose Lipin , Nair Gouri , Subeesh Viswam 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsSevoflurane is an ether‐based inhalational anaesthetic that induces and maintains general anaesthesia. Our study aimed to detect sevoflurane‐induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus using data mining algorithms (DMAs) and molecular docking. The FAERS database was analysed using OpenVigil 2.1 for disproportionality analysis.MethodsWe analysed FAERS data from 2004 to 2022 to determine the incidence of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus associated with sevoflurane. Reporting odds ratios (RORs) and proportional reporting ratios (PRRs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. We also used molecular docking with AutoDock Vina to examine sevoflurane's binding affinity to relevant receptors.ResultsA total of 554 nephrogenic diabetes insipidus cases were reported in FAERS, of which 2.5% (14 cases) were associated with sevoflurane. Positive signals were observed for sevoflurane with ROR of 76.012 (95% CI: 44.67–129.35) and PRR of 75.72 (χ2: 934.688). Of the 14 cases, 50% required hospitalization, 14% resulted in death, and the remaining cases were categorized as other outcomes. Molecular docking analysis showed that sevoflurane exhibited high binding affinity towards AQP2 (4NEF) and AVPR2 (6U1N) with docking scores of −4.9 and −5.3, respectively.ConclusionsSevoflurane use is significantly associated with the incidence of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Healthcare professionals should be cautious when using this medication and report any adverse events to regulatory agencies. Further research is needed to validate these findings and identify risk factors while performing statistical adjustments to prevent false‐positives. Clinical monitoring is crucial to validate potential adverse effects of sevoflurane.
Kappa opioid receptor agonist U50,488 inhibits dopamine more in caudal than rostral nucleus accumbens core
Authors: Karkhanis Anushree N. , West Alyssa M. , Jones Sara R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe nucleus accumbens (NAc) core is involved in regulating stress and shaping reward seeking behaviours. Multiple neuromodulators, including dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and dopamine systems, converge in this area to influence behavioural outcomes. KOR activation acutely inhibits dopamine release and chronically depresses overall dopamine transmission. Recently, studies in the NAc shell have revealed that the impact of KOR activation on behaviour is regionally specific, and these rostro‐caudal differences are likely driven by greater control of KORs over dopamine inhibition in the caudal compared with rostral subregion. Given the importance of NAc core, particularly the interaction between KORs and dopamine in regulating reward seeking behaviours, we examined the impact of KOR activation on dopamine release and uptake along the rostro‐caudal axis in the NAc core of male and female mice. Using ex vivo fast scan cyclic voltammetry, we observed that KOR mediated inhibition of dopamine release was significantly greater in caudal compared with rostral NAc core with no significant sex differences observed. These data suggest that KORs regulate dopamine release differentially along the rostro‐caudal axis, providing a new axis on which to examine the process by which the KOR/dopamine system controls reward encoding.
The impact of body mass index on the clinical features of bipolar disorder: A STEP‐BD study
Authors: Kadriu Bashkim , Deng Zhi‐De , Kraus Christoph , Johnston Jenessa N. , Fijtman Adam , Henter Ioline D. , Kasper Siegfried , Zarate Carlos A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe effects of body mass index (BMI) on the core symptoms of bipolar disorder (BD) and its implications for disease trajectory are largely unexplored.ObjectiveTo examine whether BMI impacted hospitalization rate, medical and psychiatric comorbidities, and core symptom domains such as depression and suicidality in BD.MethodsParticipants (15 years and older) were 2790 BD outpatients enrolled in the longitudinal STEP‐BD study; all met DSM‐IV criteria for BD‐I, BD‐II, cyclothymia, BD NOS, or schizoaffective disorder, bipolar subtype. BMI, demographic information, psychiatric and medical comorbidities, and other clinical variables such as bipolarity index, history of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and history of suicide attempts were collected at baseline. Longitudinal changes in Montgomery‐Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score, Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) score, and hospitalizations during the study were also assessed. Depending on the variable of interest, odds‐ratios, regression analyses, factor analyses, and graph analyses were applied.ResultsA robust increase in psychiatric and medical comorbidities was observed, particularly for baseline BMIs >35. A significant relationship was noted between higher BMI and history of suicide attempts, and individuals with BMIs >40 had the highest prevalence of suicide attempts. Obese and overweight individuals had a higher bipolarity index (a questionnaire measuring disease severity) and were more likely to have received ECT. Higher BMIs correlated with worsening trajectory of core depression symptoms and with worsening lassitude and inability to feel.ConclusionsIn BD participants, elevated BMI was associated with worsening clinical features, including higher rates of suicidality, comorbidities, and core depression symptoms.
Optimal income taxation with tax avoidance and endogenous labour supply
Authors: Casamatta Georges 
Published: August 2023

AbstractI determine the optimal income tax schedule when individuals both choose endogenously their labour supply and have the possibility of avoiding paying taxes. Considering a convex concealment cost function, I propose a formula for the optimal marginal tax rate, that generalizes the formula of the standard Mirrlees model to the case of tax avoidance. I also show that the results obtained by Casamatta (2021) in the fixed income case hold true when labour supply is endogenous: with a low enough marginal cost of avoidance, it is optimal to let some taxpayers, located in the interior of the skill distribution, avoid taxes.
Cytotoxic activity of quinolinequinones in cancer: In vitro studies, molecular docking, and ADME/PK profiling
Authors: Jannuzzi Ayse Tarbin , Yilmaz Goler Ayse Mine , Shilkar Deepak , Mondal Subodh , Basavanakatti Vinay N. , Yıldırım Hatice , Yıldız Mahmut , Çelik Onar Hülya , Bayrak Nilüfer , Jayaprakash Venkatesan , TuYuN Amaç Fatih 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLead molecules containing 1,4‐quinone moiety are intriguing novel compounds that can be utilized to treat cancer owing to their antiproliferative activities. Nine previously reported quinolinequinones (AQQ1‐9) were studied to better understand their inhibitory profile to produce potent and possibly safe lead molecules. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) of Bethesda chose all quinolinequinones (AQQ1‐9) based on the NCI Developmental Therapeutics Program and tested them against a panel of 60 cancer cell lines. At a single dose and five further doses, AQQ7 significantly inhibited the proliferation of all leukemia cell lines and some breast cancer cell lines. We investigated the in vitro cytotoxic activities of the most promising compounds, AQQ2 and AQQ7, in MCF7 and T‐47D breast cancer cells, DU‐145 prostate cancer cells, HCT‐116 and COLO 205 colon cancer cell lines, and HaCaT human keratinocytes using the MTT assay. AQQ7 showed particularly high cytotoxicity against MCF7 cells. Further analysis showed that AQQ7 exhibits anticancer activity through the induction of apoptosis without causing cell cycle arrest or oxidative stress. Molecular docking simulations for AQQ2 and AQQ7 were conducted against the COX, PTEN, and EGFR proteins, which are commonly overexpressed in breast, cervical, and prostate cancers. The in vitro ADME and in vivo PK profiling of these compounds have also been reported.
Using innovative communication pathways to reframe the perception of young people within the political establishment
Authors: Bourke Jackie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper presents research into communication pathways between young people and political decision‐makers. The aim of the study was to give young people a platform to challenge how they are perceived in urban public space. Using innovative creative mapping methods, a group of teenagers shared insights into their everyday experiences of their urban neighbourhood with elected political representatives. This paper argues that the perception of young people within the political establishment inhibits engagement and change, but that the participation process is an important step towards reframing perceptions and affecting change.
Drug–drug interaction study of ciprofol and sodium divalproex: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety in healthy Chinese subjects
Authors: Yang Dandan , Zhang Wei , Ruan Zourong , Jiang Bo , Huang Siqi , Wang Jiaying , Zhao Pengfei , Hu Mengyue , Yan Min , Lou Honggang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCiprofol (also known as HSK3486) is a promising intravenous anesthetic candidate derived from propofol and independently developed by Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Compared with propofol, ciprofol has the potential to reduce the dose required and the associated risks. Ciprofol is extensively metabolized in vivo, and its interaction with other concurrently administered drugs during clinical application is worthy of attention. Therefore, an open‐label, two‐stage sequential study was performed in healthy subjects who received either a single administration of ciprofol injection or ciprofol injection after oral administration of sodium divalproex. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of sodium divalproex on ciprofol with respect to pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety, thus providing a basis for the rational clinical use of ciprofol and sodium divalproex.
Mountain passes are higher at low latitudes for madicolous insect communities of the Neotropical region
Authors: Shimabukuro Erika Mayumi , Gómez‐Rodríguez Carola , Lamas Carlos José E. , Baselga Andrés 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo test whether spatial turnover patterns of mountain madicolous insect communities in the Southern Hemisphere support the ‘mountain passes are higher in the Tropic’ hypothesis (MPHT). To do this, we compared madicolous communities in the Amazon Mountains (equator) and the Atlantic Forest Mountains (23°S).LocationBrazil.MethodsWe characterized madicolous insect communities in two elevational gradients between 90 to 3000 m a.s.l. separated by 23° of latitude, totalling 108 sampling sites. Since the MPHT predicts a more intense turnover along elevational gradients at lower latitudes than at higher latitudes, we evaluated beta diversity in the Amazon mountains, at the equator, and in the Atlantic Forest mountains, in the subtropical region. We quantified multiple‐site abundance‐based dissimilarity to assess whether beta diversity was different between both regions. We also performed constrained ordination (db‐RDA) analyses to assess whether community dissimilarity (balanced variation in abundances) was uniquely or jointly explained by environmental, spatial and/or elevational predictors. Additionally, we independently assessed the relationship between community dissimilarity and altitudinal difference in each region and tested for differences in model parameters between regions.ResultsAlthough we found high species turnover in both regions, the community variation explained by environmental factors and altitude was higher in the Amazon than in the Atlantic Forest, as evidenced by db‐RDA and altitudinal difference models. In general, communities were remarkably constrained by spatial predictors, which result from low dispersion capacity of most madicolous insects and low connectivity of madicolous systems. Consequently, the composition of madicolous insects notably diverged between regions, highlighting the complementarity and high conservation value of both systems.Main ConclusionsOur results indicate that the MPHT explains, at the community level, the differences between low‐ and high‐latitude mountain systems in community turnover along elevational gradients, even within a relatively short latitudinal distance in the Southern Hemisphere.
Optimal antiplatelet and antithrombotic regimen post‐transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Moey Melissa Y. Y. , Udani Kunjan , Nifong L. Wiley , Carabello Blase A. , Morris D. Lynn , Shah Neeraj N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited data regarding optimal antiplatelet/antithrombotic therapy following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).MethodsIn this single‐centre retrospective study including TAVR patients from 2012 to 2020, ischemic and bleeding outcomes were compared between antiplatelet (dual antiplatelet [DAPT] vs. single antiplatelet [SAPT]) and oral anticoagulation (OAC) groups using incidence rate, Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards analysis.ResultsTotal 492 patients (mean age 79.7 ± 7.7 years, 53.7% males, 83.5% Caucasian) were included. There was higher incidence of 1‐year death or ischemia with DAPT vs. SAPT (23.6 vs. 14.8 per 100 patient‐years [PY], incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97–2.68, p = .05), especially in those without coronary artery disease (23.9 vs. 10.7 per 100 PY, IRR 2.24, 95% CI 1.10–4.47, p = .017). There was significantly higher major bleeding in those on OAC vs. no OAC (15 vs. 8 per 100 PY, IRR 1.87, 95% CI 1.10–3.11, p = .016), especially late (>1‐year) bleeding (10.2 vs. 3.6 per 100 PY, IRR 2.81, 95% CI 1.33–5.92, p = .004). In multivariate analysis, DAPT was an independent predictor of death or ischemia (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.41, 95% CI 1.01–1.96, p = .041). OAC was an independent predictor of major bleeding (aHR 2.32, 95% CI 1.31–4.13, p = .004).ConclusionsThere is signal to harm with routine use of DAPT post‐TAVR. There is higher incidence of late bleeding post‐TAVR with OAC, suggesting potential role for alternate antithrombotic strategies.
Designing learning environments to promote competent lay engagement with science
Authors: Chinn Clark A. , Yoon Susan A. , Hussain‐Abidi Huma , Hunkar Kyle , Noushad Noora F. , Cottone Amanda M. , Richman Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn important goal of science education is promoting scientific literacy—the competence to interact with science as laypeople to solve problems and make decisions in their personal and community lives. This is made more challenging in an age of increasing science denialism. In this article, we discuss how to design learning environments for science education that can help students attain scientific literacy. We argue that science curricula should encompass lessons with two distinguishable foci. One focus engages students in understanding the reliability of science. The second focus engages students as laypeople interacting with science in the public sphere. We discuss these two curricular foci, presenting examples from our own work on designing and implementing instruction with the first focus.