bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of Microneedling as an Effective Treatment for Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Alqam Mona L. , Jones Brian C. , Hitchcock Thomas M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Acne is an inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit that occurs primarily in adolescents. There is no current ideal treatment for acne vulgaris, as many mainstay prescription treatment modalities can compromise the skin microbiome or have deleterious health effects. Further research is needed to investigate novel treatment modalities that account for the importance of the skin microbiome. Other developing treatment modalities for acne are still taking a similar mode of action as current treatments by trying to eliminate Cutibacterium acnes despite growing evidence that some C. acnes strains may be symbiotic in nature. The perception that microneedling will exacerbate the disease state and trigger more acneic lesions via the spread of acne-associated microbes has hindered research investigating whether microneedling is a safe and effective treatment. This pilot clinical study challenges such perceptions by clinical assessment to determine if microneedling may produce beneficial treatment outcomes without disrupting critical skin structure or skin microbiome.

Objectives
Test the safety and efficacy of microneedling as an effective treatment modality for acne vulgaris.

Methods
Subjects were split into two groups, one group received three treatments 4 weeks apart, and the second group received four treatments 2 weeks apart. Subjects received an acne assessment by an expert clinical grader at all clinical visits.

Results
There was a statistically significant reduction in both non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions at the 2-month follow-up compared to the baseline for Group 1. Group 1 and Group 2 saw a decline of 48.20% and 54.00% in non-inflammatory lesions and 57.97% and 36.67% in inflammatory lesions, respectively, at their last visit compared to baseline.

Conclusion
This study expands the utility of microneedling into a potential therapeutic modality for acne vulgaris. The data generated during the duration of this clinical study demonstrates that there is no scientific reason for microneedling to be contraindicated for acne. In this pilot, microneedling did not cause post-treatment complications and was seen to reduce acne lesions effectively. Thus, microneedling may have the potential to be a well-tolerated option for those suffering from acne, being a treatment that neither damages the sebaceous glands nor disrupts the skin microbiome.
Synergistic Effect of Electron Scattering and Space Charge Transfer Enabled Unprecedented Room Temperature NO2 Sensing Response of SnO2
Authors: Zhang Yajie , Jiang Yadong , Yuan Zhen , Liu Bohao , Zhao Qiuni , Huang Qi , Li Ziteng , Zeng Wen , Duan Zaihua , Tai Huiling 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMetal oxide gas sensors have long faced the challenge of low response and poor selectivity, especially at room temperature (RT). Herein, a synergistic effect of electron scattering and space charge transfer is proposed to comprehensively improve gas sensing performance of n‐type metal oxides toward oxidizing NO2 (electron acceptor) at RT. To this end, the porous SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) assembled from grains of about 4 nm with rich oxygen vacancies are developed through an acetylacetone‐assisted solvent evaporation approach combined with precise N2 and air calcinations. The results show that the as‐fabricated porous SnO2 NPs sensor exhibits an unprecedented NO2‐sensing performance, including outstanding response (Rg/Ra = 772.33 @ 5 ppm), fast recovery (<2 s), an extremely low detection limit (10 ppb), and exceptional selectivity (response ratio >30) at RT. Theoretical calculation and experimental tests confirm that the excellent NO2 sensing performance is mainly attributed to the unique synergistic effect of electron scattering and space charge transfer. This work proposes a useful strategy for developing high‐performance RT NO2 sensors using metal oxides, and provides an in‐depth understanding for the basic characteristics of the synergistic effect on gas sensing, paving the way for efficient and low power consumption gas detection at RT.
The Structural and Electronic Engineering of Molybdenum Disulfide Nanosheets as Carbon‐Free Sulfur Hosts for Boosting Energy Density and Cycling Life of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Shen Wenxiang , Li Pengyue , Zhang Qi , Han Enshan , Gu Guoxian , Wang Ruihu , Li Xiaoju 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe compact sulfur cathodes with high sulfur content and high sulfur loading are crucial to promise high energy density of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. However, some daunting problems, such as low sulfur utilization efficiency, serious polysulfides shuttling, and poor rate performance, are usually accompanied during practical deployment. The sulfur hosts play key roles. Herein, the carbon‐free sulfur host composed of vanadium‐doped molybdenum disulfide (VMS) nanosheets is reported. Benefiting from the basal plane activation of molybdenum disulfide and structural advantage of VMS, high stacking density of sulfur cathode is allowed for high areal and volumetric capacities of the electrodes together with the effective suppression of polysulfides shuttling and the expedited redox kinetics of sulfur species during cycling. The resultant electrode with high sulfur content of 89 wt.% and high sulfur loading of 7.2 mg cm−2 achieves high gravimetric capacity of 900.9 mAh g−1, the areal capacity of 6.48 mAh cm−2, and volumetric capacity of 940 mAh cm−3 at 0.5 C. The electrochemical performance can rival with the state‐of‐the‐art those in the reported Li–S batteries. This work provides methodology guidance for the development of the cathode materials to achieve high‐energy‐density and long‐life Li–S batteries.
Fabricating biomimetic materials with ice‐templating for biomedical applications
Authors: Lin Xiang , Fan Lu , Wang Li , Filppula Anne M. , Yu Yunru , Zhang Hongbo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe proper organization of cells and tissues is essential for their functionalization in living organisms. To create materials that mimic natural structures, researchers have developed techniques such as patterning, templating, and printing. Although these techniques own several advantages, these processes still involve complexity, are time‐consuming, and have high cost. To better simulate natural materials with micro/nanostructures that have evolved for millions of years, the use of ice templates has emerged as a promising method for producing biomimetic materials more efficiently. This article explores the historical approaches taken to produce traditional biomimetic structural biomaterials and delves into the principles underlying the ice‐template method and their various applications in the creation of biomimetic materials. It also discusses the most recent biomedical uses of biomimetic materials created via ice templates, including porous microcarriers, tissue engineering scaffolds, and smart materials. Finally, the challenges and potential of current ice‐template technology are analyzed.
A Constitutionally Dynamic Cage Acts as a Convertible and Adaptable Information Manager in Supramolecular Logic
Authors: Rajasekaran Vishnu Verman , Kundu Sohom , Mondal Debabrata , Schmittel Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA three‐component molecular ensemble consisting of the constitutionally dynamic cage 1, rotaxane 2 and luminophore 3 acts as a signal transducer which assimilates three input signals, i. e., Zn2+, H+, and Cu+, to perform individual logic operations (e. g. a 3‐input NOR gate with catalytic output, 3‐input AND gate with optical output) and operates as an unconventional 3‐input demultiplexer.
Corruption, formal institutions, and foreign direct investment: The case ofOECDcountries in Africa
Authors: Bahoo Salman , Alon Ilan , Floreani Josanco , Cucculelli Marco 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeCorruption has shown a mixed impact on foreign direct investment (FDI). This study proposed moderating the role of two—foreign aid (international institution) from the home country and democracy (national institution) in the host country—between corruption‐FDI nexus.MethodologyThe framework is analyzed using panel data analysis (2001–2018) of bilateral foreign aid and FDI from 18 European members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to 34 African countries.FindingsThe presents several key findings. First, Africa's level of government corruption harms bilateral FDI from Europe. Second, the OECD's bilateral foreign aid moderates the negative effects of Africa's host‐country corruption on FDI. Third, the level of democracy in the host country also moderates the negative impact of corruption on FDI. Finally, foreign aid strongly moderates the negative effect of corruption on FDI in democratic countries compared to non‐democratic host countries.Research ImplicationsThis study provides the institutional analysis that bilateral foreign aid and democracy as formal institutions affect the European multinational enterprises's decision to invest in Africa.Practical ImplicationsIt presents the policy and managerial implications. First, European MNEs managers avoid investing in Africa, and governments must take strict actions to attract FDI. Second, foreign aid and democracy motivate MNEs to invest in Africa. Finally, the OECD policymaker could formulate rigorous and relevant conditions for foreign aid to Africa to reduce corruption.Originality/ValueThrough the lens of institutional theory and selectorate theory, the novel institutional role of foreign aid and democracy is proposed and tested between the nexus of corruption‐FDI.
Casimir energy and modularity in higher-dimensional conformal field theories
Authors: Luo Conghuan , Wang Yifan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
An important problem in Quantum Field Theory (QFT) is to understand the structures of observables on spacetime manifolds of nontrivial topology. Such observables arise naturally when studying physical systems at finite temperature and/or finite volume and encode subtle properties of the underlying microscopic theory that are often obscure on the flat spacetime. Locality of the QFT implies that these observables can be constructed from more basic building blocks by cutting-and-gluing along a spatial slice, where a crucial ingredient is the Hilbert space on the spatial manifold. In Conformal Field Theory (CFT), thanks to the operator-state correspondence, we have a non-perturbative understanding of the Hilbert space on a spatial sphere. However it remains a challenge to consider more general spatial manifolds. Here we study CFTs in spacetime dimensions d > 2 on the spatial manifold T2 × ℝd−3 which is one of the simplest manifolds beyond the spherical topology. We focus on the ground state in this Hilbert space and analyze universal properties of the ground state energy, also commonly known as the Casimir energy, which is a nontrivial function of the complex structure moduli τ of the torus. The Casimir energy is subject to constraints from modular invariance on the torus which we spell out using PSL(2, ℤ) spectral theory. Moreover we derive a simple universal formula for the Casimir energy in the thin torus limit using the effective field theory (EFT) from Kaluza-Klein reduction of the CFT, with exponentially small corrections from worldline instantons. We illustrate our formula with explicit examples from well-known CFTs including the critical O(N) model in d = 3 and holographic CFTs in d ≥ 3.
Twin theories, polytope mutations and quivers for GTPs
Authors: Franco Sebastián , Seong Rak-Kyeong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We propose a unified perspective on two sets of objects that usually arise in the study of bipartite field theories. Each of the sets consists of a polytope, or equivalently a toric Calabi-Yau, and a quiver theory. We refer to the two sets of objects as original and twin. In the simplest cases, the two sides of the correspondence are connected by the graph operation known as untwisting. The democratic treatment that we advocate raises new questions regarding the connections between these objects, some of which we explore.With this motivation in mind, we establish a correspondence between the mutations of the original polytope and the twin quiver. This leads us to propose that non-toric twin quivers are naturally associated to generalized toric polygons (GTPs) and we explore various aspects of this idea. Supporting evidence includes global symmetries, the ability of twin quivers to encode the generalized s-rule, and the connection between the mutations of polytopes and of configurations of webs of 5-branes suspended from 7-branes. We introduce three methods for constructing twin quivers for GTPs. We also investigate the connection between twin quivers obtained using different toric phases. Twin quivers provide a powerful new perspective on GTPs. The ideas presented in this paper may represent a step towards the generalization of brane tilings to GTPs.
Effective Hamiltonians and Counterterms for Hamiltonian Truncation
Authors: Miró Joan Elias , Ingoldby James 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We outline a procedure for applying Hamiltonian Truncation to Quantum Field Theories (QFTs) that have UV divergences. To do this, we derive a novel representation of an Effective Hamiltonian which makes manifest some of its important properties (e.g. the non-perturbative matching of the spectra between the UV theory and the theory described by the Effective Hamiltonian). We check the consistency of our procedure using Conformal Perturbation Theory. Finally we comment on how the Effective Hamiltonian, which incorporates non-local interactions, describes a local QFT.
Integrable Multi-Hamiltonian Systems from Reduction of an Extended Quasi-Poisson Double of $${\text {U}}(n)$$
Authors: Fairon M. , Fehér L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe construct a master dynamical system on a $${\text {U}}(n)$$

U
(
n
)

quasi-Poisson manifold, $${\mathcal {M}}_d$$

M
d

, built from the double $${\text {U}}(n) \times {\text {U}}(n)$$

U
(
n
)
×
U
(
n
)

and $$d\ge 2$$

d
≥
2

open balls in $$\mathbb {C}^n$$

C

n

, whose quasi-Poisson structures are obtained from $$T^* \mathbb {R}^n$$

T
∗

R

n

by exponentiation. A pencil of quasi-Poisson bivectors $$P_{\underline{z}}$$

P

z
̲

is defined on $${\mathcal {M}}_d$$

M
d

that depends on $$d(d-1)/2$$

d
(
d
-
1
)
/
2

arbitrary real parameters and gives rise to pairwise compatible Poisson brackets on the $${\text {U}}(n)$$

U
(
n
)

-invariant functions. The master system on $${\mathcal {M}}_d$$

M
d

is a quasi-Poisson analogue of the degenerate integrable system of free motion on the extended cotangent bundle $$T^*\!{\text {U}}(n) \times \mathbb {C}^{n\times d}$$

T
∗

U

(
n
)

×

C

n
×
d

. Its commuting Hamiltonians are pullbacks of the class functions on one of the $${\text {U}}(n)$$

U
(
n
)

factors. We prove that the master system descends to a degenerate integrable system on a dense open subset of the smooth component of the quotient space $${\mathcal {M}}_d/{\text {U}}(n)$$

M
d

/
U

(
n
)

associated with the principal orbit type. Any reduced Hamiltonian arising from a class function generates the same flow via any of the compatible Poisson structures stemming from the bivectors $$P_{\underline{z}}$$

P

z
̲

. The restrictions of the reduced system on minimal symplectic leaves parameterized by generic elements of the center of $${\text {U}}(n)$$

U
(
n
)

provide a new real form of the complex, trigonometric spin Ruijsenaars–Schneider model of Krichever and Zabrodin. This generalizes the derivation of the compactified trigonometric RS model found previously in the $$d=1$$

d
=
1

case.
What it takes to have a high‐grade pivot shift—focus on bony morphology
Authors: Dadoo Sahil , Ozbek Emre Anil , Nukuto Koji , Runer Armin , Keeling Laura E. , Grandberg Camila , Kuroda Ryosuke , Zaffagnini Stefano , Karlsson Jon , Hughes Jonathan D. , Irrgang James J. , Musahl Volker 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeVariations in femoral and tibial bony morphology have been associated with higher clinical grading and increased quantitative tibial translation, but not tibial acceleration, during the pivot shift test following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of femoral and tibial bony morphology, including a measurement influenced by both parameters (the Lateral Tibiofemoral Articular Distance (LTAD)), on the degree of quantitative tibial acceleration during the pivot shift test and rates of future ACL injury.MethodsAll patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction from 2014 to 2019 by a senior orthopedic surgeon with available quantitative tibial acceleration data were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent a pivot shift examination under anesthesia with a triaxial accelerometer. Measurements of femoral and tibial bony morphology were performed by two fellowship‐trained orthopedic surgeons using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and lateral radiographs.ResultsFifty‐one patients were included at a mean follow‐up of 4.4 years. The mean quantitative tibial acceleration during the pivot shift was 13.8 m/s2 (range: 4.9–52.0 m/s2). A larger Posterior Condylar Offset Ratio (r = 0.30, p = 0.045), smaller medial‐to‐lateral width of the medial tibial plateau (r = − 0.29, p = 0.041), lateral tibial plateau (r = − 0.28, p = 0.042), and lateral femoral condyle (r = − 0.29, p = 0.037), and a decreased LTAD (r = − 0.53, p < 0.001) significantly correlated with increased tibial acceleration during the pivot shift. Linear regression analysis demonstrated an increase in tibial acceleration of 1.24 m/s2 for every 1 mm decrease in LTAD. Nine patients (17.6%) sustained ipsilateral graft rupture and 10 patients (19.6%) sustained contralateral ACL rupture. No morphologic measurements were associated with rates of future ACL injury.ConclusionIncreased convexity and smaller bony morphology of the lateral femur and tibia were significantly associated with increased tibial acceleration during the pivot shift. Additionally, a measurement, termed the LTAD, was found to have the strongest association with increased tibial acceleration. Based on the results of this study, surgeons can utilize these measurements to preoperatively identify patients at risk of increased rotatory knee instability.Level of evidenceLevel IV.
Formation of highly ordered TiO2 nanotubes on Ti6Al4V alloys manufactured by electron beam powder bed fusion (E-PBF)
Authors: Ocampo Robinson Aguirre , Bedoya Ochoa Nicolás , Tamayo José A. , Botero Carlos , Vargas Carlos Andrés , Gómez Maryory , Castaño Juan Guillermo , Zuleta Gil Alejandro A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHighly ordered TiO2 nanotubes were obtained by anodization on Ti6Al4V substrates manufactured by electron beam powder bed fusion (E-PBF). Effects of anodization parameters such as anodizing time, stirring, fluoride concentration, and water content were analyzed in an organic electrolyte (ethylene glycol) that contains ammonium fluoride. The ordering of the nanotubes was measured by regularity ratio calculations based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) from SEM images. It was found that for the processed specimens, the highest ordering of the TiO2 nanotubes was reached at 30 V for 5000 s with a concentration of 9 vol% H2O and 0.4 wt.% NH4F, exhibiting nanotubes free of delamination, cracks, and coral-like structures with a regularity ratio (RR) of 1.91. This work offers a simple method for creating homogeneous and organized TiO2 nanotubes on Ti6Al4V substrates manufactured by E-PBF which potentially improves its functionality in diverse industrial applications such as nanosensors, controlled-release substances, solar cells, water splitting, electrochromic devices, and Li-ion battery anodes.
Graphical Abstract
Manufacturing constrained shape optimisation of variable width flat web formed channels
Authors: Gong Jie , Ghabraie Kazem , Weiss Matthias , Sreenivas Achuth , Rolfe Bernard 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe trend in automotive manufacturing towards lower volumes and an increased number of car variants combined with the need for forming higher strength metals to reduce weight has led to the implementation of alternative and flexible manufacturing methods. These have new manufacturing constraints compared to conventional stamping that change the part shapes that can be formed. This requires new methods for part shape optimisation. This study proposes a novel parametrisation for shape design that allows: 1) implementation of a gradient-based optimisation approach; and 2) taking manufacturing constraints into account. Our novel parameterisation can describe most long automotive structural parts using only a small number of design variables. The parts are described using multiple series of straight and curved connected profiles. We have uniquely conducted a detailed sensitivity analysis on the profiles to determine analytical solutions for the first order derivatives of the design variables with respect to the surface area/mass of a generic part. The profiles are also used to determine the final manufacturing strains in a part based on ideal forming. These ideal manufacturing strains can be compared to manufacturing process strain limits to determine the potential manufacturability of the part. The proposed parametrisation is applied to optimise a variable width channel formed by flexible roll forming. The channel is optimised to maximise the stiffness while maintaining both mass and manufacturability. In detail, the effectiveness and the general applicability of the established parametrisation technique and shape optimisation platform are demonstrated using three case studies of a flexible roll formed automotive S-rail channel part subjected to compression and bending loads. Furthermore, the manufacturability of the optimised structure is demonstrated by a forming model of the flexible roll forming process, where the model has been previously validated against experimental data. These examples show that the presented parametrisation and the associated shape optimiser can be successfully applied to increase part stiffness while reducing weight and maintaining manufacturability. The range of problems analysed demonstrates the flexibility and capability of the newly developed optimisation platform.
Cuff meshoma post-laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy: vaginal-endoscopic mesh excision
Authors: Mikos Themistoklis , Theodoulidis Iakovos , Kioussis George , Karalis Tilemachos , Papaioannou Sofia , Grimbizis Grigoris F. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The objective was to present endoscopic images of a meshoma and describe the complete excision of a complicated mesh after sacrocolpopexy (SCP) using a combined vaginal-endoscopic technique.

Methods
We present a video documentation of an innovative technique. A 58-year-old woman was referred with painless, foul-smelling vaginal discharge and recurrent vaginal mesh erosions. She had undergone a laparoscopic SCP 12 years ago and her symptoms had begun 5 years ago. A pre-operative MRI scan revealed a cuff meshoma and an inflammatory sinus around the mesh extending from the cuff to the sacral promontory. Under general anesthesia, a 30° hysteroscope was inserted transvaginally into the sinus, where the retained mesh was seen in the form of a shrunken meshoma, and then the mesh arms were recognized extending cephalad into a sinus tract. Under direct endoscopic visualization, the mesh was carefully mobilized at its highest point with the use of laparoscopic grasping forceps. Then, the mesh was dissected with hysteroscopic scissors in close proximity to the bone. No peri-operative complications were recognized.

Results
A combined vaginal-endoscopic approach was successfully used to remove an eroded mesh and cuff meshoma after SCP.

Conclusion
This procedure offers a minimally invasive, low-morbidity, and rapid-recovery approach.