bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of age at first birth and lifetime parity with weight and adiposity across midlife in women from Project Viva
Authors: Soria‐Contreras Diana C. , Aris Izzuddin M. , Rifas‐Shiman Sheryl L. , Perng Wei , Hivert Marie‐France , Chavarro Jorge E. , Oken Emily 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the associations of age at first birth and parity with weight, waist circumference (WC), and body fat across midlife.MethodsA secondary data analysis was conducted with 735 participants from Project Viva who reported their age at first birth and lifetime parity at a midlife study visit. Weight, WC, and body fat were measured up to four times after the participants' final birth, and associations were examined using linear mixed‐effects regression models.ResultsParticipants' mean (SD) age was 32.6 (4.9) years at enrollment and 30.4 (5.5) years at their first birth, and they had 2.4 (0.9) lifetime births. In adjusted models, women who had their first birth at age <23 or ≥40 years, versus age 30 to 34 years, had a higher trajectory of weight, WC, and body fat after their final birth (i.e., mean differences in weight 8.38 kg [95% CI: 4.13–12.63] for age <23 years and 6.54 kg [95% CI: 0.64–12.45] for age ≥40 years). Women with four or more births, versus two, had a higher trajectory of adiposity after accounting for covariates.ConclusionsWomen who have a first birth before age 23 years or after age 40 years and those with multiple births may benefit from more intensive monitoring for excess adiposity gain.
Soft polyurethane foam reinforced by expanded polystyrene particles: Compression performance, strain rate, and cyclic compression response
Authors: Wang Hongyang , Zhang Chenwei , Li Ting‐Ting , Peng Haokai , Liu Liyan , Lin Jia‐Horng , Lou Ching‐Wen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe incorporation of particles with soft polyurethane (PU) foam aims to mechanically strengthen the PU foam as PU foam falls short of the mechanical expectation of academia and industries. In this study, the expanded polystyrene (EPS) particles are added to soft polyurethane foam, and composite foam with higher mechanical properties is successfully prepared by one‐step foaming process. The results show that under optimal conditions that is, EPS particle size of 0.5 mm and content of 2.5 wt% (EPS‐0.5‐2.5%), the synthesized foam has the smallest bubble pore diameter of 80 μm and has a stress of 0.284 MPa at 75% strain, which is much higher than that of blank polyurethane foam. As a result of a rise in the quantity of EPS particles, the composite PU foam shows a lower dependency on the strain rate. After the multiple cyclic compression test, PU foam exhibits a descending trend on the stress in the deformation plateau region. Besides, the low‐velocity impact test results indicate that the peak contact force of EPS‐0.5‐2.5% is lower than that of the control group by 632 N.
Exploring the effect of nanoclay addition on energy absorption capability of laterally loaded glass/epoxy composite tubes
Authors: Awd Allah Mahmoud M. , Hegazy Dalia A. , Alshahrani Hassan , Sebaey Tamer A. , Abd El‐baky Marwa A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe energy absorption capability of laterally loaded glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) tubular components containing montmorillonite clay (MC) was explored in this article. GFRP components filled with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt% of MC were created using wet‐wrapping by hand lay‐up techniques. For the laterally loaded tubes, the crushing load and the energy absorption versus displacement responses were presented. In addition, deformation histories were tracked. The energy absorption analysis was carried out by evaluating the initial peak load (), total energy absorption, and specific absorbed energy. Also, a mathematical regression models were built to predict the energy absorption indicators. Furthermore, the optimal MC wt% is determined using a multi‐attribute decision making method called complex proportional assessment. Overall results demonstrated that the suggested GFRP tubes containing 4 wt% of MC exhibited unique energy absorption capability.Highlights
The designed tubes, that is, GFRP tubes filled with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt% of montmorillonite clay (MC) were created using wet‐wrapping by hand lay‐up techniques.
The fabricated tubes were subjected to lateral compression loads to investigate their energy absorption capability.
The crushing load and energy absorption versus displacement curves were accessible. Furthermore, the deformation histories were traced.
Regression models were built to predict the energy absorption indicators. In addition, complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) is used to find the optimum MC wt%.
Identification of in vivo metabolites of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus by UHPLC–Q/Orbitrap HRMS
Authors: Deng Fang , Li Xue‐Min , Gong Qian‐Qian , Zheng Zhen‐Xing , Zeng Li , Zhang Meng‐Jiao , Duan Ting‐Yin , Liu Xin , Zhang Ming‐Zhi , Guo Da‐Le 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionCitri Sarcodactylis Fructus has the effects of relieving cough, removing phlegm, and reducing asthma, but little is known about the metabolic and distribution of its chemical constituents in vivo. Therefore, it is necessary to study the metabolism of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus in vivo.ObjectiveWe aimed to (1) analyze the distribution of prototype compounds and metabolites of the chemical constituents of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus in rat and (2) infer the metabolites and metabolic pathways of the chemical constituents.Materials and methodsA C18 column (3 × 100 mm, 2.6 μm) was used. The mobile phase was water containing 0.1% formic acid (eluent A) and acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid (eluent B) at a discharge rate of 0.3 mL/min. Mass spectra of biological samples were collected in electrospray ionization (ESI) positive ion mode in the m/z 100–1500 scan range. The obtained biological samples were then subjected to chemical analysis, including plasma, urine, feces, and heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, stomach, and small intestine tissues. Prototype compounds and metabolites were identified.ResultsIn all, 40 prototype compounds and 78 metabolites, including 26 phase I metabolites and 52 phase II metabolites, were identified using UHPLC–Q/Orbitrap HRMS. Eight possible metabolic pathways (reduction, hydrolysis, dehydration, methylation, hydroxylation, sulfation, glucuronidation, and demethylation) were proposed. The prototype compounds were predominantly distributed in lung tissues. The metabolites were mainly distributed in plasma and kidney tissues.ConclusionWe systematically investigated the metabolites of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus in vivo. We suggest metabolic pathways that might be relevant for further metabolic studies and screening of active ingredients of Citrus Sarcodactylis Fructus in vivo.
Benefits of exercise training on divergent thinking: The mediating role of ambiguity tolerance
Authors: Li Xiying , Liu Jing , Wang Tengfei , Peng Huamao , Pi Zhongling 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExercise training has been proposed as a method for improving cognitive function. However, it is unknown whether chronic physical activity promotes divergent thinking and its underlying mechanism. Ambiguity tolerance has been considered relevant to divergent thinking. Therefore, this study sought to investigate whether individuals engaging in different types of exercise training differed in divergent thinking and to examine the mediating role of ambiguity tolerance underlying the training effect. The study was conducted in a sample of 492 university students who completed the unusual use task and the ambiguity tolerance questionnaire. The results revealed that individuals who underwent physical training proposed more creative ideas than non‐physical training individuals did. Individuals engaging in multiple movement training scored higher in fluency, flexibility, and originality than their counterparts engaging in single movement training. Furthermore, ambiguity tolerance fully explained the difference in divergent thinking fluency between the physical and non‐physical training groups. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the benefits of physical training on divergent thinking.
A genotype × environment experiment reveals contrasting response strategies to drought between populations of a keystone species (Artemisia tridentata; Asteraceae)
Authors: Melton Anthony E. , Moran Kara , Martinez Peggy , Ellestad Paige , Milliken Erin , Morales Walker , Child Andrew W. , Richardson Bryce A. , Serpe Marcelo , Novak Stephen J. , Buerki Sven 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWestern North America has been experiencing persistent drought exacerbated by climate change for over two decades. This extreme climate event is a clear threat to native plant communities. Artemisia tridentata is a keystone shrub species in western North America and is threatened by climate change, urbanization, and wildfire. A drought Genotype × Environment (G × E) experiment was conducted to assess phenotypic plasticity and differential gene expression in A. tridentata. The G × E experiment was performed on diploid A. tridentata seedlings from two populations (one from Idaho, USA and one from Utah, USA), which experience differing levels of drought stress during the summer months. Photosynthetic data, leaf temperature, and gene expression levels were compared between treatments and populations. The Utah population maintained higher photosynthetic rates and photosynthetic efficiency than the Idaho population under drought stress. The Utah population also exhibited far greater transcriptional plasticity than the Idaho population and expressed genes of response pathways distinct from those of the Idaho population. Populations of A. tridentata differ greatly in their drought response pathways, likely due to differences in response pathways that have evolved under distinct climatic regimes. Epigenetic processes likely contribute to the observed differences between the populations.
Toward a broad‐spectrum peptide‐based inhibitor of small multidrug resistance efflux pumps
Authors: Mitchell Chloe J. , Nguyen Kha M. , Deber Charles M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs an alternative approach to conventional antibiotics, here we explore a novel, rational drug design to target a resistance mechanism in antibiotic‐resistant bacteria—the small multidrug resistance (SMR) efflux pump. SMRs are a membrane protein that consist of four transmembrane (TM) helices, which homodimerize via TM4 in an anti‐parallel fashion through a GG7 motif. To target this interaction, we synthesized a series of peptides, typified by Ac‐A‐(Sar)3‐IIGMMLISAGVLI‐KKK‐NH2 (Sar = N‐methyl‐glycine, GG7 underlined), with a sequence derived from Escherichia coli TM4, designed to bind to—and competitively disrupt—the TM4–TM4 interaction site. The peptides also contain an uncharged N‐terminal sarcosine (N‐methyl‐glycine) tag to promote membrane insertion, and a C‐terminal tri‐lysine tag to direct the peptides toward the negatively‐charged bacterial membrane. As we found that the GG7 dimerization motif was highly conserved across bacterial species, including a range of priority pathogens, the peptides were tested for interspecies inhibitory activity where we varied the SMR overexpressed in E. coli bacterium and the peptide. The peptides included the TM4 sequence of E. coli (EmrE), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAsmr), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mmr). We performed a series of assays measuring the efflux rates of the fluorescent toxin ethidium bromide, finding that the PAsmr peptide was broadly active against all SMRs expressed in E. coli. Interestingly, a peptide derived from E. coli TM4, but where the GG7 motif was scrambled, showed high activity against several SMRs. Overall, the efflux inhibitors designed herein show promise not only for improved treatment of bacterial infections, but more generally, may provide a successful approach to targeting and disrupting membrane‐embedded protein–protein interactions.
Teacher stress and supports, classroom practices and student outcomes in high poverty urban elementary schools
Authors: Elliott Amanda , Reddy Linda A. , Lekwa Adam J. , Fingerhut Joelle 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe current study examined teacher competence and contextual factors associated with teacher‐reported stress in low‐income urban elementary schools. Using a sample of 106K‐5th grade teachers from 14 low‐income urban elementary schools, associations between observed use of instructional and behavior management practices, teacher‐reported stress, perceived instrumental and emotional supports, class‐wide student academic performance, and behavioral functioning were examined. Teacher‐reported stress was significantly related to perceived emotional support, instrumental support, class‐wide student academic performance, and class‐wide student behavioral functioning. Instrumental and emotional supports, observed instructional and behavioral management practices, and class‐wide student academic and behavioral functioning jointly predicted teacher stress. Results from a dominance analysis identified class‐wide behavioral functioning, and emotional and instrumental support as the strongest predictors of teacher stress. Study limitations and implications for research and practice are discussed.
School counselor perceptions of factors facilitating transitional support: Focus group interviews with school counselors
Authors: Sugizaki Masako , Iida Junko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to identify factors that promote transitional support for K‐12 students through focus group interviews with 18 school counselors with 10 or more years of experience. In the interviews, the respondents were asked about their perception of the current status, challenges, and ideals related to transitional support. As a result, several themes were extracted. These themes were categorized and discussed: factors related to SCs, factors related to schools, factors specific to transitional support, and factors related to the community. Factors related to SCs were considered to be SCs' own skills and work structure that made transitional support behaviors more difficult. Factors related to schools were cited as barriers to transitional support in the school setting. That is, differences in teachers' views and perspectives about children at different school levels were considered to make it difficult to build a foundation of trust between schools. Factors specific to transitional support include the need for a standardized system and manuals and a smooth handover of information. As for factors related to the community, the utilization of a network of local resources was highlighted. Overcoming these issues and improving these factors are expected to promote the provision of transitional support.
Human Aha1's N‐terminal extension confers it holdase activity in vitro
Authors: Tang Junying , Hu Huifang , Zhou Chen , Zhang Naixia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMolecular chaperones are key components of protein quality control system, which plays an essential role in controlling protein homeostasis. Aha1 has been identified as a co‐chaperone of Hsp90 known to strongly accelerate Hsp90's ATPase activity. Meanwhile, it is reported that Aha1 could also act as an autonomous chaperone and protect stressed or disordered proteins from aggregation. Here, in this article, a series of in vitro experiments were conducted to verify whether Aha1 has a non‐Hsp90‐dependent holdase activity and to elucidate the associated molecular mechanism for substrate recognition. According to the results of the refolding assay, the highly conserved N‐terminal extension spanning M1 to R16 in Aha1 from higher eukaryotes is responsible for the holdase activity of the protein. As revealed by the NMR data, Aha1's N‐terminal extension mainly adopts a disordered conformation in solution and shows no tight contacts with the core structure of Aha1's N‐terminal domain. Based on the intrinsically disordered structure feature and the primary sequence of Aha1's N‐terminal extension, the fuzzy‐type protein–protein interactions involving this specific region and the unfolded substrate proteins are expected. The following mutation analysis data demonstrated that the Van der Waals contacts potentially involving two tryptophans including W4 and W11 do not play a dominant role in the interaction between Aha1 and unfolded maltose binding protein (MBP). Meanwhile, since the high concentration of NaCl could abolish the holdase activity of Aha1, the electrostatic interactions mediated by those charged residues in Aha1's N‐terminal extension are thus indicated to play a crucial role in the substrate recognition.
Efficacy and safety of paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) in the treatment of COVID‐19: An updated meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Tian Haokun , Yang Changsen , Song Tiangang , Zhou Kechen , Wen Lequan , Tian Ye , Tang Lirui , Xu Weikai , Zhang Xinyuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOur study is aimed to access the efficacy and safety outcomes for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients treated with Paxlovid. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, databases were used to retrieve articles from 1 January 2020 to 1 January 2023. Article screening, quality evaluation and data extraction were completed and cross‐checked. The meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) were conducted using RevMan, StataMP, and TSA software. A total of 42 original articles were included. Overall meta‐analysis results showed that for death, hospitalisation, death or hospitalisation, emergency department (ED) visit, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and extra oxygen requirement outcomes, every odds ratio (OR) was <1 and p < 0.05. For rebound outcome, the OR was >1 and p > 0.05. For adverse events (AEs) outcome, the OR was >1 and p < 0.05. In conclusion, Paxlovid effectively reduced the risks of death, hospitalisation, death or hospitalisation, ED visit, ICU admission, and extra oxygen requirement. There was no significant statistical difference considering rebound, but people should pay attention to possible AEs. However, for rebound and AEs outcomes, observations in certain subgroups suggested conclusions contrary to the overall meta‐analysis. Trial sequential analysis indicated these two outcomes have a risk of false negative or false positive conclusions, so additional original studies are needed for further validation.
The mean‐square consensus of stochastic multi‐agent systems under denial‐of‐service and deception attacks via event‐triggered impulsive control
Authors: Chen Junjie , Zhang Wei , Long Kongming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe problem of event‐triggered impulsive control (ETIC) for stochastic multi‐agent systems (SMASs) under stochastic cyber attacks is investigated. In a stochastic cyber‐attack model, it is suggested to combine denial‐of‐service (DoS) and deception attacks using two independent Bernoulli random sequences. The event triggering mechanism (ETM) in the ETIC system creates the impulsive control time sequences. It is suggested to use ETMs with waiting times to stop Zeno behavior. Based on the proposed ETMs, sufficient criteria are given for the mean square consensus of SMASs. Two simulation examples are provided to validate our ETIC scheme.
Healthy and successful: Health‐behavior goal striving in daily work life
Authors: Koch Theresa J. S. , Völker Jette , Sonnentag Sabine 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHealth behaviors (physical activity and healthy eating) can be an essential part of everyday work life and are relevant for employees' affective states. Many worksite interventions, including goal‐striving approaches, have been developed to promote health behavior at work. However, these approaches often neglect that making progress with respect to health‐behavior goals necessarily takes place during workday episodes, so that work tasks are accomplished simultaneously. In our study, we aim to advance the understanding of how health‐behavior goal progress is facilitated and how reflecting on it evokes affective states—taking into account simultaneous pursuit of work‐task progress. We collected daily diary data from 205 employees on 1399 days. Analyses showed that goal importance positively predicted health‐behavior goal progress, which in turn positively predicted pride and negatively predicted shame at the end of the workday. The negative relation between health‐behavior goal progress and shame was stronger on days with low work‐task progress, implying compensatory effects. Work‐task progress did not moderate the relation between health‐behavior goal progress and pride. We discuss the theoretical and practical relevance of integrating research on multiple goal striving when promoting health behavior in daily work life by means of goal‐striving techniques.
Design and Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Properties of a Ferroelectric Cyclophosphazene Salt
Authors: Deswal Swati , Panday Rishukumar , Naphade Dipti R. , Cazade Pierre‐Andre , Guerin Sarah , Zaręba Jan K. , Steiner Alexander , Ogale Satishchandra , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Boomishankar Ramamoorthy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCyclophosphazenes offer a robust and easily modifiable platform for a diverse range of functional systems that have found applications in a wide variety of areas. Herein, for the first time, it reports an organophosphazene‐based supramolecular ferroelectric [(PhCH2NH)6P3N3Me]I, [PMe]I. The compound crystallizes in the polar space group Pc and its thin‐film sample exhibits remnant polarization of 5 µC cm−2. Vector piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) measurements indicated the presence of multiaxial polarization. Subsequently, flexible composites of [PMe]I are fabricated for piezoelectric energy harvesting applications using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as the matrix. The highest open‐circuit voltages of 13.7 V and the maximum power density of 34.60 µW cm−2 are recorded for the poled 20 wt.% [PMe]I/TPU device. To understand the molecular origins of the high performance of [PMe]I‐based mechanical energy harvesting devices, piezoelectric charge tensor values are obtained from DFT calculations of the single crystal structure. These indicate that the mechanical stress‐induced distortions in the [PMe]I crystals are facilitated by the high flexibility of the layered supramolecular assembly.
Phase‐dependent Friction on Exfoliated Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Atomic Layers
Authors: Lee Dooho , Jeong Hochan , Lee Hyunsoo , Kim Yong‐Hyun , Park Jeong Young 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe fundamental aspects of energy dissipation on 2‐dimensional (2D) atomic layers are extensively studied. Among various atomic layers, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exists in several phases based on their lattice structure, which give rise to the different phononic and electronic contributions in energy dissipation. 2H and 1T’ (distorted 1T) phase MoS2 and MoTe2 atomic layers exfoliated on mica substrate are obtained and investigated their nanotribological properties with atomic force microscopy (AFM)/ friction force microscopy (FFM). Surprisingly, 1T’ phase of both MoS2 and MoTe2 exhibits ≈10 times higher friction compared to 2H phase. With density functional theory analyses, the friction increase is attributed to enhanced electronic excitation, efficient phonon dissipation, and increased potential energy surface barrier at the tip‐sample interface. This study suggests the intriguing possibility of tuning the friction of TMDs through phase transition, which can lead to potential application in tunable tribological devices.