bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasi-Projective Manifolds Uniformized by Carathéodory Hyperbolic Manifolds and Hyperbolicity of Their Subvarieties
Authors: Wong Kwok-Kin , Yeung Sai-Kee 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Let $M$ be a Carathéodory hyperbolic complex manifold. We show that $M$ supports a real-analytic bounded strictly plurisubharmonic function. If $M$ is also complete Kähler, we show that $M$ admits the Bergman metric. When $M$ is strongly Carathéodory hyperbolic and is the universal covering of a quasi-projective manifold $X$, the Bergman metric can be estimated in terms of a Poincaré-type metric on $X$. It is also proved that any quasi-projective (resp. projective) subvariety of $X$ is of log-general type (resp. general type), a result consistent with a conjecture of Lang.
Real-life Assessment of BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel in Adults Hospitalized With Respiratory Illness
Authors: Falsey Ann R , Branche Angela R , Croft Daniel P , Formica Maria A , Peasley Michael R , Walsh Edward E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Inability to identify the microbial etiology of lower respiratory tract infection leads to unnecessary antibiotic use. We evaluated the utility of the BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel (BioFire PN) to inform microbiologic diagnosis.

Methods
Hospitalized adults with respiratory illness were recruited; sputa and clinical/laboratory data were collected. Sputa were cultured for bacteria and tested with BioFire PN. Microbial etiology was adjudicated by 4 physicians. Bacterial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was compared with culture and clinical adjudication.

Results
Of 298 sputa tested, BioFire PN detected significantly more pathogens (350 bacteria, 16 atypicals, and 164 viruses) than sputum culture plus any standard-of-care testing (91% vs 60%, P &lt; .0001). When compared with culture, the sensitivity of BioFire PN for individual bacteria was 46% to 100%; specificity, 61% to 100%; and negative predictive value, 92% to 100%. Cases were adjudicated as viral (n = 58) and bacterial (n = 100). PCR detected bacteria in 55% of viral cases and 95% of bacterial (P &lt; .0001). High serum procalcitonin and bacterial adjudication were more often associated with sputa with 106 or 107 copies detected.

Conclusions
Multiplex PCR testing of sputa for bacteria is useful to rule out bacterial infection with added value to detect viruses and atypical bacteria.
Two-Year Duration of Immunity of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine: A Follow-up Study in Pakistan in 2020
Authors: Saleem Ali Faisal , Parkar Sadia , Zehra Syeda Mahjabeen , Kazi Zaubina , Pethani Asma , Zhang Yiting , Mainou Bernardo A , Cavestany Rocio Lopez , Macklin Grace , Jeyaseelan Visalakshi , Mach Ondrej 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This was a follow-up study conducted in 2020 assessing changes in levels of type 2 poliovirus–neutralizing antibodies 2 years postimmunization in children who received inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in Karachi, Pakistan. Unexpectedly, the findings revealed an increase in seroprevalence of type 2 antibodies from 73.1% to 81.6% 1 year and 2 years after IPV, respectively. The increase in type 2 immunity could result from the intensive transmission of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) in Karachi during the second year of IPV administration. This study suggests that the cVDPV2 outbreak detected in Pakistan infected large proportions of children in Karachi.
Clinical Trials Registration . NCT03286803.
A Chimeric Classical Insect-Specific Flavivirus Provides Complete Protection Against West Nile Virus Lethal Challenge in Mice
Authors: Zhang Hong-Qing , Li Na , Zhang Zhe-Rui , Deng Cheng-Lin , Xia Han , Ye Han-Qing , Yuan Zhi-Ming , Zhang Bo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV), an arthropod-borne flavivirus, can cause severe symptoms, including encephalitis, and death, posing a threat to public health and the economy. However, there is still no approved treatment or vaccine available for humans. Here, we developed a novel vaccine platform based on a classical insect-specific flavivirus (cISF) YN15-283-02, which was derived from Culicoides. The cISF-WNV chimera was constructed by replacing prME structural genes of the infectious YN15-283-02 cDNA clone with those of WNV and successfully rescued in Aedes albopictus cells. cISF-WNV was nonreplicable in vertebrate cells and nonpathogenic in type I interferon receptor (IFNAR)-deficient mice. A single-dose immunization of cISF-WNV elicited considerable Th1-biased antibody responses in C57BL/6 mice, which was sufficient to offer complete protection against lethal WNV challenge with no symptoms. Our studies demonstrated the potential of the insect-specific cISF-WNV as a prophylactic vaccine candidate to prevent infection with WNV.
An accurate, efficient, and economical identification technology for black twig borer based on species-specific cytochrome C oxidase subunit I PCR assay
Authors: Sun Xueting , Lu Guangliang , Sun Ronghua , Li You , Sun Shiwei , Gao Lei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) is a worldwide invasive species that causes huge economic loss and environmental damage in many countries. Traditional morphological characteristics make it hard to identify scolytines due to their tiny size. Besides, the intercepted insect samples are incomplete, and the limitation of insect (larvae and pupae) morphology makes morphological identification more difficult. The majority of the damage is caused by adults and fungi that serve as nutrition for their larvae. They destroy plant trunks, branches, and twigs, affecting plant transport tissues in both weak and healthy plants. An accurate, efficient, and economical molecular identification technique for X. compactus not restricted by professional taxonomic knowledge is necessary. In the present study, a molecular identification tool based on the mitochondrial DNA gene, cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) was developed. A species-specific COI (SS-COI) PCR assay was designed to identify X. compactus regardless of the developmental stage. Twelve scolytines commonly found in eastern China, namely Xylosandrus compactus, X. crassiusculus, X. discolor, X. germanus, X. borealis, X. amputates, X. eupatorii, X. mancus, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Euwallacea interjectus, E. fornicatus, and Acanthotomicus suncei, were included in the study. Additionally, specimens of X. compactus from 17 different areas in China, as well as a specimen collected from the United Stated, were also analyzed. Results demonstrated the accuracy and high efficiency of the assay, regardless of the developmental stage or the type of specimen. These features provide a good application prospect for fundamental departments and can be used to prevent the harmful consequences of the spread of X. compactus.
Evaluation of survival outcomes between minimally invasive and open surgery in the treatment of early-stage endometrial cancer: a population-based study in Osaka Japan
Authors: Sasano Tomoyuki , Mabuchi Seiji , Komura Naoko , Maeda Michihide , Kamiura Shoji , Morishima Toshitaka , Miyashiro Isao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
To compare the oncological outcomes between Japanese women who underwent minimally invasive surgery and those who underwent open surgery for early-stage endometrial cancer.

Methods
This population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Osaka Cancer Registry from 2011 to 2018. Surgically treated patients for localized (uterine-confined) endometrial cancer were identified. Patients were classified into two groups according to the type of surgery (minimally invasive surgery group and open-surgery group), pathological risk factors (low-risk and high-risk), and year of diagnosis (Group 1, 2011–14; Group 2, 2015–18). Overall survival was compared between the minimally invasive surgery and open-surgery groups.

Results
In the analyses including all patients, there was no difference in overall survival between the minimally invasive surgery and open-surgery groups (P = 0.0797). The 4-year overall survival rate was 97.1 and 95.7% in the minimally invasive surgery and open-surgery groups, respectively. When investigated according to pathological risks, there were no differences in overall survival between the minimally invasive surgery and open-surgery groups in both the low- and high-risk groups. In the low-risk group, the 4-year overall survival rates in the minimally invasive surgery and open-surgery groups were 97.7 and 96.5%, respectively. In the high-risk group, the 4-year overall survival rates in the minimally invasive surgery and open-surgery groups were 91.2 and 93.2%, respectively. Similarly, there were no differences in overall survival between the minimally invasive surgery and open-surgery groups in both Group 1 (P = 0.4479 in low-risk and P = 0.1826 in high-risk groups) and Group 2 (P = 0.1750 in low-risk and P = 0.0799 in high-risk groups).

Conclusion
Our study provides epidemiological evidence that minimally invasive surgery is an effective alternative to open surgery in Japanese patients with early-stage endometrial cancer.
Optimization of buoy-type energy harvesting device in lake using firefly algorithm
Authors: Chiu Min-Chie , Cheng Ho-Chih 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
It is of utmost importance to prioritize the exploration of alternative green energy sources, reducing our dependence on coal and oil, in order to mitigate the detrimental effects of greenhouse gases. This paper introduces an innovative energy harvester that utilizes a single magnet driven by a buoy attached to a pole within a lake. We delve into the correlation between the induced electricity and various factors such as wind speed, lake length and depth, as well as the design parameters of the energy harvester. To enhance the performance of the energy harvester, we employ the firefly algorithm, gradually fine-tuning its control parameters to acquire the most optimal design data. Our analysis reveals that, under specific conditions including a fetch of 4 km, a lake depth of 10 m and a wind speed of 4.5 m/s, the one-magnet energy harvester exhibits a commendable electrical power output of 0.1 Watt. This research not only emphasizes the potential of hydraulic energy generation as a promising and sustainable green energy source but also provides valuable insights into optimizing energy harvesters to achieve maximum electricity production.
HST proper motions on the far side of the Galactic bar—data
Authors: Soto Mario , Kuijken Konrad , Rich R Michael , Clarkson William I , Nilo Castellón José Luis , Fernández-Trincado José G , Contreras Ramos Rodrigo , Kunder Andrea , Baravalle Laura D , Alonso M Victoria , Simion Iulia T , Johnson Christian I , Vieira Katherine 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
This is the third paper in a series that attempts to observe a clear signature of the Galactic bar/bulge using kinematic observations of the bulge stellar populations in low foreground extinction windows. We report on the detection of ∼100 000 new proper motions in four fields covering the far side of the Galactic bar/bulge, at negative longitudes. Our proper motions have been obtained using observations from the Advance Camera for Surveys (ACS), on board of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), with a time-baseline of 8–9 years, which has produced accuracies better than 0.5 mas yr−1 for a significant fraction of the stellar populations with F814W &lt; 23 mag. Interestingly, as shown in previous works, the Hess diagrams show a strikingly similar proper motion distribution to fields closer to the Galactic center and consistent with an old stellar population. The observed kinematics point to a significant bulge rotation, which seems to predominate even in fields as far as l ≃ −8°, and is also reflected in the changes of the velocity ellipsoid in the l, b plane as a function of distance.
Statistical properties and lensing effect on the repeating fast radio burst FRB 180916.J0158+65
Authors: Wang Yu-Bin , Kurban Abdusattar , Zhou Xia , Yu Yun-Wei , Wang Na 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
FRB 180916.J0158+65 is a well-known repeating fast radio burst with a period ($16.35~\rm d$) and an active window ($5.0~\rm d$). We give out the statistical results of the dispersion measures and waiting times of bursts of FRB 180916.J0158+65. We find the dispersion measures at the different frequencies show a bimodal distribution. The peaking dispersion measures of the left mode of the bimodal distributions increase with frequency, but the right one is inverse. The waiting times also present the bimodal distribution, peaking at 0.05622 and 1612.91266 s. The peaking time is irrelevant to the properties of bursts, either for the preceding or subsequent burst. By comparing the statistical results with possible theoretical models, we suggest that FRB 180916.J0158+65 suffered from the plasma lensing effects in the propagation path. Moreover, this source may be originated from a highly magnetized neutron star in a high-mass X-ray binary.
A novel risk signature for predicting brain metastasis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhao Yanyan , Gu Shen , Li Lingjie , Zhao Ruping , Xie Shujun , Zhang Jingjing , Zhou Rongjing , Tu Linglan , Jiang Lei , Zhang Shirong , Ma Shenglin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundBrain metastasis (BM) are a devastating consequence of lung cancer. This study was aimed to screen risk factors for predicting BM.MethodsUsing an in vivo BM preclinical model, we established a series of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cell subpopulations with different metastatic ability. Quantitative proteomics analysis was used to screen and identify the differential protein expressing map among subpopulation cells. Q-PCR and Western-blot were used to validate the differential proteins in vitro. The candidate proteins were measured in LUAD tissue samples (n = 81) and validated in an independent TMA cohort (n = 64). A nomogram establishment was undertaken by performing multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe quantitative proteomics analysis, qPCR and Western blot assay implied a five-gene signature that might be key proteins associated with BM. In multivariate analysis, the occurrence of BM was associated with age ≤ 65 years, high expressions of NES and ALDH6A1. The nomogram showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.934 (95% CI, 0.881–0.988) in the training set. The validation set showed a good discrimination with an AUC of 0.719 (95% CI, 0.595–0.843).ConclusionsWe have established a tool that is able to predict occurrence of BM in LUAD patients. Our model based on both clinical information and protein biomarkers will help to screen patient in high-risk population of BM, so as to facilitate preventive intervention in this part of the population.
The Crowding-out Effect of Tobacco Expenditure on Health Expenditure: Evidence From a Lower-Middle-Income Country
Authors: Nguyen Cuong Viet , Thi Le Thu , Nguyen Nguyen Hanh 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Poor people have remarkably lower health expenditures than rich people in Vietnam. According to the 2016 Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey (VHLSS), per capita health expenditure of the top quintile households is around 6 times higher than that of the bottom quintile households.

Aims and Methods
We analyze economic inequalities in health expenditure using the concentration index approach and data from the VHLSS 2010–2016. Next, we use the instrumental-variable regression analysis to examine the crowding-out effect of tobacco expenditure on health expenditure. Finally, we use decomposition analysis to explore whether economic inequality in tobacco expenditure is associated with an economic inequality in health expenditure.

Results
We find a crowding-out effect of tobacco expenditure on health expenditure of households. The share of health expenditure of households with tobacco spending is 0.78% lower than that of households without tobacco spending. It is estimated that a one-VND increase in tobacco expenditure results in a 0.18 Vietnamese Dong (VND) (95% CI: −0.30 to −0.06) decrease in health expenditure. There is a negative association between economic inequality in tobacco expenditure and economic inequality in health expenditure. This means that if the poor consume less tobacco, their expenditure on health can be increased, resulting in a decrease in inequality in health expenditure.

Conclusions
Findings from this study suggest that reducing tobacco expenditure could improve health care of the poor and reduce inequality in health care in Vietnam. Our study recommends that the government continuously increase the tobacco tax in order to effectively reduce tobacco consumption.

Implications
Empirical studies show mixed results on the effect of tobacco expenditure on health expenditure. We find a crowding-out effect of tobacco expenditure on health expenditure of poor households in Vietnam. It implies that if the poor reduce their expenditure on tobacco, economic inequality in health expenditure can be reduced. Our findings suggest that reducing tobacco consumption in poor households can increase their health expenditure, therefore, decreasing inequality in health expenditure. Different policies to reduce tobacco consumption such as tobacco taxation, smoke-free areas, and tobacco advertisement bans should be strengthened.
What drives overhead aversion in charity? Evidence from field-experimental variation in fundraising costs
Authors: Cagala Tobias , Rincke Johannes , Tuset Cueva Amanda 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article explores donors’ aversion to financing charities’ fundraising expenses. We hypothesize that such expenses can signal a charity’s efficiency, or affect the donors’ perception of the impact a donation has on the cause. Using data from a randomized field experiment, we disentangle both effects, differentiating between weakly and strongly committed donors. Among potential donors who are weakly committed to the cause, information on the charity’s efficiency does not affect donation behavior. Signaling an increased impact leaves unaffected the average donation among weakly committed donors, but diminishes their likelihood to give. Regarding strongly committed donors, we find that impact-related information does not affect behavior, but a signal of improved efficiency strongly increases donations along the intensive margin. We conclude that information on fundraising expenses plays little role for weakly committed donors. In contrast, strongly committed donors are averse to financing fundraising expenses mostly due to efficiency concerns.
Religion and Pluralism before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights: From Individualizing Religious Freedom to Deregulating the Religious Market
Authors: Chaibi Moncef 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
With the rise of religious diversity within domestic societies, religion and religious pluralism have become increasingly important issues around the world. Therefore, it is important to examine the legal regulations governing religion and religious freedom, particularly in light of international human rights—the ultimate guarantee of individual rights. This article examines the regulation of religion, religious freedom, and religious pluralism by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (the Court). Despite the central role religion plays in the social dynamics of the Americas, it has been largely absent from the Court’s jurisprudence. The latter discussed religion in a few cases only, thus making sporadic—but nevertheless key—findings regarding the regulation of religious freedom within its jurisdiction. Analysing these findings, as exposed in the corresponding judgments and advisory opinions, reveals the creative and progressive approach that the Court takes on religion, religious freedom, and religious pluralism.
Pathological Outcomes of Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma Who Receive Nephrectomy Following Immunotherapy
Authors: Panian Justine , Saidian Ava , Hakimi Kevin , Ajmera Archana , Anderson William J , Barata Pedro , Berg Stephanie , Signoretti Sabina , Lee Chang Steven , D’Andrea Vincent , George Daniel , Dzimitrowicz Hannah , El Zarif Talal , Emamekhoo Hamid , Gross Evan , Kilari Deepak , Lam Elaine , Lashgari Isabel , Psutka Sarah , Rauterkus Grant P , Shabaik Ahmed , Thapa Bicky , Wang Luke , Weise Nicole , Yim Kendrick , Zhang Tian , Derweesh Ithaar , McKay Rana R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Even though cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) was once the standard of care for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), its role in treatment has not been well analyzed or defined in the era of immunotherapy (IO).

Materials and Methods
This study analyzed pathological outcomes in patients with advanced or metastatic RCC who received IO prior to CN. This was a multi-institutional, retrospective study of patients with advanced or metastatic RCC. Patients were required to receive IO monotherapy or combination therapy prior to radical or partial CN. The primary endpoint assessed surgical pathologic outcomes, including American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging and frequency of downstaging, at the time of surgery. Pathologic outcomes were correlated to clinical variables using a Wald-chi squared test from Cox regression in a multi-variable analysis. Secondary outcomes included objective response rate (ORR) defined by response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 and progression-free survival (PFS), which were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method with reported 95% CIs.

Results
Fifty-two patients from 9 sites were included. Most patients were male (65%), 81% had clear cell histology, 11% had sarcomatoid differentiation. Overall, 44% of patients experienced pathologic downstaging, and 13% had a complete pathologic response. The ORR immediately prior to nephrectomy was stable disease in 29% of patients, partial response in 63%, progressive disease in 4%, and 4% unknown. Median follow-up for the entire cohort was 25.3 months and median PFS was 3.5 years (95% CI, 2.1-4.9).

Conclusions
IO-based interventions prior to CN in patients with advanced or metastatic RCC demonstrates efficacy, with a small fraction of patients showing a complete response. Additional prospective studies are warranted to investigate the role of CN in the modern IO-era.
The COVID-19 lockdown: a unique perspective into heterogeneous impacts of transboundary pollution on snow and ice darkening across the Himalayas
Authors: Hou Zhengyang , Li Yang , Zhang Liqiang , Song Changqing , Lin Jintai , Zhou Chenghu , Wang Yuebin , Qu Ying , Yao Xin , Gao Peichao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau holds the largest mass of snow and ice outside of the polar regions. The deposition of light-absorbing particles (LAPs) including mineral dust, black carbon and organic carbon and the resulting positive radiative forcing on snow (RFSLAPs) substantially contributes to glacier retreat. Yet how anthropogenic pollutant emissions affect Himalayan RFSLAPs through transboundary transport is currently not well known. The COVID-19 lockdown, resulting in a dramatic decline in human activities, offers a unique test to understand the transboundary mechanisms of RFSLAPs. This study employs multiple satellite data from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer and ozone monitoring instrument, as well as a coupled atmosphere–chemistry–snow model, to reveal the high spatial heterogeneities in anthropogenic emissions-induced RFSLAPs across the Himalaya during the Indian lockdown in 2020. Our results show that the reduced anthropogenic pollutant emissions during the Indian lockdown were responsible for 71.6% of the reduction in RFSLAPs on the Himalaya in April 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. The contributions of the Indian lockdown-induced human emission reduction to the RFSLAPs decrease in the western, central, and eastern Himalayas were 46.8%, 81.1%, and 110.5%, respectively. The reduced RFSLAPs might have led to 27 Mt reduction in ice and snow melt over the Himalaya in April 2020. Our findings allude to the potential for mitigating rapid glacial threats by reducing anthropogenic pollutant emissions from economic activities.