bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The adaptation top crosses of anthocyanins corn in lowland zone of Palu Indonesia
Authors: Ketut Suwitra I , Wahyuni Andi Nirma , Rahayu Heni SP , Syafruddin  , Amalia Anugerah Fitri , Haryanto Bambang , HG Yasin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Anthocyanins corn held to increase of human health, the color of seeds was orange to black. The experiment was to studied characters of some families as top crosses anthocyanins corn under interaction genotypes (G), and season (S) in valley of Palu in Indonesia. The experiment was conducted by randomized complete block design with three replications in experimental farm of Sidondo under two season rainy and dry condition. There are ten top crosses populations as anthocyanins corn as candidate included check to evaluated on 2017. The objective of experiment was to study of characters and to find of which is genotypes was stable and high yield to promoting as candidate for F1 top crosses varieties. Interaction data between genotype (G) and season (S) were analyzed manually. The result show that there are significant interaction GxS and founded the genotypes would be promising as new F1 candidate was PMU(S1) Synt. F. C1-2-3xtester: PPH(S1) C2. The potential would be founded 6.0 - 7.0 t/ha, characters of candidate was scored one of plant aspect, position of ear height is middle of plant height, and there are 45 days for anthesis. The released top crosses of anthocyanin corn would be develop under poor farmers for aims to increase income, health and anticipated of mall nutrition.
Role of benzyladenine in regeneration of mulu bebe banana planlets in vitro
Authors: Pasang F , Riadi M , Dachlan A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Banana is a type of local fruit that has the potential to become a leading commodity. Mulu Bebe bananas are local bananas in Indonesia originating from North Maluku. The lack of readily available sources of seed sources restricts banana cultivation. Tissue culture techniques are expected to produce seeds en masse relatively quickly. The study aims to determine the effect of various concentration levels of appropriate BA growth regulators in regenerating mulu bebe banana plantlets in vitro. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Bio-Science and Plant Reproductive Biotechnology, Teaching Industry, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. The study was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) which consisted of 3 treatment levels, namely BA (0 ppm, 3.5 ppm, and 7 ppm). Further tests were carried out with the Honest Significant Difference (HSD)/ Tuckey 0.05 test. The results showed that treatment with BA administration at various concentrations had a significant effect on the number of shoots and number of leaves but had no significant effect on root number.
Segregation patterns and transgressive segregation for agronomic characters in red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) Laris Variety of M3 generation after gamma-irradiation
Authors: Sadiyah Nyimas , Karyanto Agus , Rugayah  , Ramadiana Sri , Imantaka Julianto 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The information on genetic parameters need to be known in relation to the selection process for breeding of high yielding plant genotypes. This study aims to estimate the frequency distribution, segregation pattern, and transgressive segregation for agronomic characters in M3 generation of red chili “Laris” variety after gamma-ray irradiation. The research was conducted at the Integrated Field Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung from September 2018 to May 2019. This research used single plant method. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test at the 1% level of significance for normal distribution fit and segregation pattern analysis. Transgressive segregation can be seen through the frequency distribution of M3 generation plants compared to M0. Results of this study indicated that the characters of dichotomous height, flowering age, harvesting age, plant height, branching level, number of fruits per plant, and fruit weight per plant had a normal distribution and associated with quantitative characters. The number of primary branches had a non-normal distribution and termed as a qualitative character. The segregation pattern of the number of primary branches follows a 15:1 ratio which indicates that the controlling gene is regulated by two genes that work in a double dominant epistatic manner. Transgressive segregation which has a positive value was found in the characters of dichotomous height, number of fruits per plant, and fruit weight per plant.
Amorphophallus muelleri blume diversity based on morphological characteristics in South Sulawesi
Authors: Ashan Muh Aswad , Haris Bahrun Abd. , Reflinur  , Ashan Muh Dzulkifly 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Porang is an alternative carbohydrate source plant that contains the highest glucomannan among other Amorphophallus species in Indonesia. Amorphophallus muelleri Blume is an important species of the genus Amorphophallus, which belongs to the same subspecies A. bulbifer and A. yuloensis. A. muelleri Blume has good disease resistance and heat tolerance tendency, and high KGM content. Kinship relationships can be used as a basis for assembling more potential genotypes. To find out the kinship between existing varieties we must exploration and identify. This research was carried out using qualitative methods analysed in the numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system version 2.02i (NTSYS) program. The genetic materials used in this study were explored from wild growing habitat in agroforestry areas in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The results obtained that the MR6 and BL10 genotypes which had a similarity coefficient value of 1.00, between genotypes MR4, MR9, MR10, BT4 and BT10 had a similarity coefficient value of 1.00, between genotypes BT5 and BT7 have a similarity coefficient value of 1.00, and between genotypes BT1, BT2, BT9 have a similarity coefficient value of 1.00. Furthermore, BL1, BL4, and BL6 contribute significantly of the variation as showed by PC1.
Practical rain measurement
Authors: Saloko S A , Elfatma O , Santi I S , Hidayat A , Ridho M , Siregar A K , Rangkuti R R 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Watering is a very important thing at the plant nursery stage. Without proper watering, the growth of the seedlings will be disrupted. In the process of watering must pay attention to several things, such as watering time and water discharge. At this time, most independent smallholders do not understand how to use a rain gauge or what is often called an ombrometer. These farmers prefer to use the old way of looking at the state of the soil in the watering process rather than using an ombrometer. In this case, as we know, buying an ombrometer is quite expensive. An ombrometer is a rain gauge which is also often referred to as a rain gauge. This tool is installed in an open place without protection or shade so that rainwater will be caught directly by this tool. The unit used is millimeters with an accuracy of reading up to 0.1 mm. Currently, practical rain gauges that are self-made without using factory machines are still not validated. The purpose of this research is to the results of simple ombrometer (C) accuracy and precision tests compared to Observatory Ombrometers, Ordinary Ombrometers, and Automatic Weather Stations (AWS). The location of the research test was in the oil palm nursery area at the Research and Experimental Garden of the Yogyakarta Community Plantation Academy. Rainfall data were obtained from Nine Practical Rain Gauges (C), Observatory-type Ombrometers (A), Ordinary Ombrometers (B), and Automatic Weather Station (AWS). Statistical methods are used to test accuracy and precision. The results of the C test compared to AWS have a precision value of 95.9% and an accuracy of 88.7%. Comparison of C with A shows a precision value of 99.6% and an accuracy value of 98.3%. The results of testing C against B show a precision value of 99.5% and an accuracy of 97.5%.
Study on designing measurement system of thermal conductivity based on one-dimensional steady-state method
Authors: Amdani R Z , Harto A W , Amri A F , Praharasti A S , Nurhikmat A , Kusumaningrum A , Susanto A , Hariyadi S , Februanta N , Siswoprayogi  
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Thermal conductivity has wide application in various fields such as in agricultural and food sectors. In a food industry, measuring the thermal conductivity is designed to optimize the thermal process such as drying, sterilization, and freezing. In this study, a system to measure thermal conductivity is designed according to one-dimensional steady state method through Fourier formula. The experiment uses samples consisting of rice-based product (rice grain, rice powder, rice flour, cooked rice) and whole milk powder. The analysis will be performed in the range of 15-30 minutes on its steady condition. The results are verified with the literature data and evaluated through degree equivalence calculation. As a result, the system can distinguish the samples which has different texture and composition. Furthermore, the system can figure the increasing trend of thermal conductivity with the raise of moisture content. However, in most case, thermal conductivities of the measured samples have higher value compared to the literature data (2-4 times higher). The disparity due to the variation of heating temperature, sample condition, measurement technique, and analysis. Several finding to gain more reliable system can be done by improving the insulation or evaluating the mathematical calculation into a two-dimension approximation. In general, the design of the system is plausible for measuring the thermal conductivity.
Effects of using tractors and providing organic materials on soil compaction on performance of corn plants
Authors: Mariadi S , Iqbal  , Faridah S N 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The majority of the corn farming process is still carried out manually in Indonesia. Given how much labor is required for corn growing, this is inefficient. Utilizing agricultural equipment and tools, efforts are made to increase corn cultivation’s production and effectiveness. Agricultural equipment and instruments are used during all stages of corn crop production, including tillage, planting, weeding, fertilizing, controlling pests and diseases, and harvesting. The mechanical and physical characteristics of the soil may be adversely affected by this activity. Organic matter treatment can lessen the negative effects on the use of agricultural machinery and equipment. In addition, the result of this research activity is an increase in corn productivity due to the addition of organic matter to the field.
Moisture sorption isotherm characteristics of sago flour
Authors: Adil S , Muhidong J , Yumeina D 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The equilibrium moisture content of sago flour is essential information, especially for predicting the product’s shelf-life, which can be affected by various factors, such as temperature, relative humidity, and packaging condition. This research was conducted to study the characteristic of moisture sorption isotherm and determine the best mathematical equation model for studying sago flour’s isotherm sorption characteristics. Sago flour was stored in an incubator at a 10-80% humidity range with temperature variations of 30°C and 40°C. Humidity setting was done using various types of salt solutions. This study showed that all the sorption curves were found to be Type II. The higher the RH in the incubator, the higher the equilibrium moisture content of the material. Meanwhile, the water sorption capacity decreased with increasing temperature. Different models were fitted to the data, including Oswin, Chung-Pfost, and Halsey models. The Chung-Pfost model was found as the best model to represent the experimental data in the water activity range of 0.1-0.8.
Estimation of the Indonesian drought based on phenology vegetation analysis of maize
Authors: Habibie Muhammad Iqbal , Nurda Nety 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Climate change has a widespread influence on food essentials. Climate change is a pressing issue in Indonesia, a rapidly developing country. As a result, to forecast dryness during maize production in Indonesia’s Central East Java districts, it was proposed that a study be done on vegetation phenology. The study uses the vegetation to calculate the NDWI (Water Index) and Temperature (LST), calculate drought severity based on precipitation data. NDWI and LST were obtained from Landsat 8 OLI with a spatial resolution of 30 m and were used to identify water shortage and temperature within the study area. The inquiry was finished in 2018 and showed that the vegetation phenology was based on the growing season. The growing season of maize report from the NDVI (Vegetation Index) trajectories that April 2018 was the maize planting season, and the harvest was completed in later August. Additionally, LST analysis found that the temperature was higher in mid and southern Central East Java, Indonesia. To validate the data, rainfall information was used to compute the drought severity using SPI method to identify drought-prone areas. Drought severity validation data were validated for vegetation phenology analysis in 2018.
Detection of paddy rice drought stress with sentinel image vegetation index and the relation with productivity in Allatengae Village, Bantimurung District, Maros Regency
Authors: Marfuah G , Useng D 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Maros Regency is one of the rice storage areas in South Sulawesi. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics for Maros Regency in 2020, the harvested area of rice decreased by 10.11% or 4,849.55 Ha compared to 2018 and rice production decreased by 16.96% or 37,719.68 tons. This causes the productivity of rice also decreased. One of the factors causing the decline in rice production in Maros Regency is drought. Sentinel 2 imagery is one of the remote sensing data that can be used to detect rice drought using the drought index method. This study aims to detect dryness of paddy rice in Allatengae Village using Sentinel-2A satellite imagery based on NDDI index analysis and determine the relationship between drought index and rice productivity. The method used is the Normalized Difference Drought Index (NDDI) method to determine the dryness level of paddy fields based on NDVI and NDWI parameters and uses regression and correlation analysis methods. From the results of this study, dry rice in Allatengae Village was detected in September and October 2021. In September (42 HST), the average NDDI value was 0.0254 and was in a mild drought condition while in October (62 HST), the average NDDI value is 0.2425 and is in moderate class drought conditions. From the results of the analysis of the relationship between the drought index and rice productivity, there is a strong (negative) correlation, where the higher the NDDI index value, the lower the rice productivity value.
Performance test of emitters made from sago midribs in drip irrigation systems
Authors: Haruki Harvhianti , Suhardi  , Munir Ahmad , Aziz Abdul , Waris Abdul 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Increasing water use efficiency can be done by using the right irrigation system according to the needs of the plants. One option for efficient water supply is a drip irrigation system. The research aims to obtain conditions with high drip uniformity values. The study was conducted by testing the level of drip uniformity at several water source head pressures conducted with three replications. The indicator of uniformity is based on the coefficient of variance. The test results show that the uniformity value is higher at lower pressures than at higher heads. The uniformity value indicated by the coefficient of friction at high head pressure for the end and the middle section is better than the lower head pressure. The test results for the middle samples with heads of 19 cm, 62 cm, and 113 cm were 44.92, 23.40, and 9.16, respectively, while for the end samples with heads of 30 cm, 66 cm, and 115 cm were 46.39, 14.43 and 10.36, respectively. These values indicate that the relationship between head pressure and coefficient of variation is inversely proportional. The low coefficient of variation means that the water distribution is evenly distributed. So it can be said that using sago midrib material is feasible as an emitter. In addition, the resulting discharge value is small, so it qualifies as an emitter.
Effect of cocoa pulp as a coating for fresh eggs in terms of physical and chemical qualities during storage period
Authors: Jambang N , Hakim L 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Eggs as a source of animal protein have a high nutritional content and since they are categorized as a fresh food, eggs are easily got damaged. Preservation technology is needed to maintain the quality of fresh eggs during storage in order to ensure safe consumption. This study aimed at determining the effect of cocoa pulp as a coating for fresh eggs in terms of physical and chemical qualities during storage. The study used a completely randomized design experiment with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were without cocoa pulp coating (P0), cocoa pulp coating with a concentration of 97.5% (P1); 95% (P2); 92.5% (P3); and 90% (P4). The variables observed were weight loss, specific gravity, pH, water, ash and fat content. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance continued with the Honest Significant Difference Test. The results showed that different concentrations of cocoa pulp did not give a significant difference (P>0.05) on specific gravity, ash and fat content; gave a significant difference (P<0.05) on pH and gave a very significant difference (P<0.01) on weight loss and moisture content. The average weight loss (g) in treatments P0, P1, P2, P3, and P4 were 9.187; 1.828; 0.346; 0.4255 and 0.234 respectively. Egg content specific gravity 1.024; 1.038; 1.049; 1.045 and 1.061. pH 8.282; 7.547; 7.692; 7.742 and 7.457. Moisture content (%) 70.791; 72.341; 74.309; 76.020 and 76.245. Ash content (%) 0.841; 0.754; 0.836; 0.844 and 0.833. Fat content (%) 9.551; 8.196; 8.658; 8.540 and 7.988.
Efficiency design of mini factory for soy protein concentrate-based high protein biscuits
Authors: Huda S , Achmad S R , Yarlina V P , Yudha E P 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Choosing the right method for planning a mini-plant layout with the most efficient material handling is crucial to minimize its cost of production. This study aims to create the efficient layout design for soy concentrate-based high protein biscuit mini factory, as well as to evaluate the financial feasibility of the mini factory with the most efficient layout design. Layout generation methods used in this study were the Systematic Layout Planning and BLOCPLAN algorithm. The layout efficiency was evaluated through the calculation of rectilinear distance and material handling cost. The financial aspects on the feasibility study were evaluated through the calculation of rectilinear distance and material handling cost. The SLP method was able to generate the most efficient layout design with a material handling distance of 13.78 m and material handling cost of IDR 79,537 per month, while the BLOCPLAN algorithm was able to generate a layout design with a material handling distance of 15.56 m and material handling cost of IDR 89,397 per month. It could be concluded that the most efficient layout design for the high-protein biscuit mini factory was the one generated from the SLP method, which had the Net Present Value of IDR 14,619,251; Internal Rate of Return of 12.38%, and Payback Period of 4.42 years.
An overview: the effect of fermentation and roasting methods on cocoa quality
Authors: Awaliyah Fitri , Langkong Jumriah , Syarifuddin Adiansyah 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Cocoa is Indonesia’s most important commodity and one that can contribute to economic development but has a problem, which is the low quality of cocoa produced. Differences in cocoa type, roasting and fermentation affect the quality content of cocoa such as antioxidants, free fatty acid and the fat profile of cocoa. Of the different methods of cocoa bean processing that affect the changes in antioxidant compounds are fermentation and roasting. Fermentation is best with 6 days in producing the aroma flavor of cocoa precursors and bulk cocoa type with an optimal time of 5-7 and fine cocoa type with an optimal time of 3-4 days. Superheated steam method slows down the rate of decline in antioxidant content, this condition is different from the conventional roasting method commonly used because it removes a lot of cocoa antioxidant content and accelerates the decline in antioxidant activity. Non-fermentation treatment results in low free fatty acid values while fermentation treatment can increase free fatty acid content but can be controlled by the addition of alkalization. on the fat profile geographical location such as differences in country of origin affects the content of fatty acid composition but fermentation and roasting processes has no significant effect on the fatty acid composition of cocoa.
The effect of preheated whey protein concentrate addition on high protein biscuit
Authors: Andoyo R , Rahmasari S D , Moody S D , Nurhasanah S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
WPC (Whey Protein Concentrate) is a product that has a high biological value (BV) and nutritional composition with a protein content ranging from 34–80%. WPC can be applied in the development of high protein food products such as biscuits. However, the excessive use of WPC might result in a hard texture that will have an impact on decreasing the palatability of the product. Preheated treatment can be used to modify WPC so that it loses its functional properties as a structure builder. WPC will be denatured and cause the formation of whey protein aggregates. The denaturation that occurs makes WPC tend to lose its reactivity and become more stable. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of preheated WPC in a high protein biscuit. There were 7 treatments; control biscuit (without WPC), biscuits with the addition of non-preheated (NPH) and preheated (PH) WPC with 11%, 13%, and 15% protein content. The results showed that the addition of preheated WPC could produce better physical and sensory characteristics when compared to biscuits using non-preheated WPC. Biscuits PH 11% can produce the best characteristics with a hardness value of 1,171.543 g; crumb structure with small pores; porosity 18.944%; and a DF value of 2.482. This is also supported by the results of the triangle test, where the panellists could not distinguish the colour, taste, and texture of the biscuit when it was compared with the control.