bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The origin of free-floating planets
Authors: Miret-Roig Núria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFree-floating planets (FFPs) are the lightest products of star formation and they carry important information on the initial conditions of the environment in which they were formed. They were first discovered in the 2000 s but still few of them have been identified and confirmed due to observational challenges. This is a review of the last advances in the detection of these objects and the understanding of their origin. Several studies indicate that the observed fraction of FFPs outnumbers the prediction of turbulent fragmentation and suggest that many were formed in planetary systems that were later abandoned. The JWST will certainly constitute a new step further in the detection and characterisation of FFPs. To interpret these new observations, precise ages for the nearby star-forming regions in which they were formed will be necessary.
Data modeling and NLP-based scoring method to assess the relevance of environmental regulatory announcements
Authors: Thimm Heiko 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe constantly growing body of global environmental legislation necessitates that corporate environmental compliance managers frequently assess the relevance of new regulations and regulation revisions for each of their sites. Companies are pressured to streamline and automate this crucial task through digital workflows and specialized IT-based assistance systems. This has recently piqued the interest of researchers working in different disciplines, such as intelligent systems, machine learning, and natural language processing. The article describes the latest results of our long-term research program on IT-based support for corporate compliance management, offering insights for these, and other disciplines. The context and the main aspects of environmental regulation announcements and the relevance assessment task are analyzed. An extensive conceptual data model is developed that serves as a foundation for tailoring a generic method to perform a relevance assessment that considers site-specific individual environmental compliance facts. The method uses heuristic data operations and various text processing techniques from the field of natural language understanding. In order to exemplify the method, two application scenarios are described in which the relevance of new waste management directives are assessed for a multi-site production company.
Is Rational Manipulation Permissible?
Authors: Breakey Hugh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRational manipulationis constituted by the following conditions: (i) A aims to persuade B of thesis X; (ii) A holds X to be true and rationally justifiable; (iii) A knows of the existence of evidence, argument or information Y. While Y is not itself misinformation (Y is factually correct), A suspects B might take Y as important evidence for not-X; (iv) A deliberately chooses not to mention Y to B, out of a concern that it could mislead B into believing not-X; and, (v) B has no compelling reason to expect A will avoid mentioning Y in this way. A’s behavior isrationalinsofar as A aims to use reasons to persuade B to believe a thesis that A holds as true and justified. Yet it ismanipulationbecause A deliberately avoids furnishing B with information that B might regard as relevant, to ensure B arrives at the correct belief. I argue that we have good reason to think that A’s action will be wrongly manipulative because it disrespects B’s consent, epistemic autonomy, and personal autonomy. That said, context is critical, and there are many times evidence is intentionally occluded that are not rational manipulation. Even so, ethical arguers should beware of ambiguous contexts, such as when there are conflicting expectations about argumentation roles and goals.
Greenlandic glacial rock flour improves crop yield in organic agricultural production
Authors: Gunnarsen Klara Cecilia , Jensen Lars Stoumann , Rosing Minik T. , Dietzen Christiana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe application of mechanically crushed silicate minerals to agricultural soils has been proposed as a method for both improving crop yields and sequestering inorganic carbon through enhanced mineral weathering. In Greenland, large quantities of finely grained glacial rock flour (GRF) are naturally produced by glacial erosion of bedrock and deposited in easily accessible lacustrine and marine deposits, without the need for energy-intensive grinding. To determine if this material can improve crop yields, we applied 10 and 50 t GRF ha−1 to a sandy, organic agricultural field in Denmark. Two field trials were carried out to test the first-year yield response to GRF in both maize and potatoes, residual effects on potato yields in the year after application, and second and third-year residual effects on spring wheat. Reference-K treatments were included for comparison to determine if the beneficial effects of GRF were primarily due to its K content (3.5% K2O). This alternative source of silicate minerals improved crop yields in the year of application. Though there was no improvement in yield with the reference-K treatments, for each additional ton of GRF applied, maize dry yield increased by 59 kg ha−1 and potato tuber yield by an additional 90 kg ha−1. No residual effects on crop yields were observed in the following years, but we suspect that benefits might persist over multiple seasons at sites with lower initial fertility. The increase in yields achieved with GRF could offset some of the costs of applying silicate minerals as a CO2 sequestration scheme.
SGPAC: generalized scalable spatial GroupBy aggregations over complex polygons
Authors: Abdelhafeez Laila , Magdy Amr , Tsotras Vassilis J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the spatial group-by query over complex polygons. Given a set of spatial points and a set of polygons, the spatial group-by query returns the number of points that lie within the boundaries of each polygon. Groups are selected from a set of non-overlapping complex polygons, typically in the order of thousands, while the input is a large-scale dataset that contains hundreds of millions or even billions of spatial points. This problem is challenging because real polygons (like counties, cities, postal codes, voting regions, etc.) are described by very complex boundaries. We propose a highly-parallelized query processing framework to efficiently compute the spatial group-by query on highly skewed spatial data. We also propose an effective query optimizer that adaptively assigns the appropriate processing scheme based on the query polygons. Our experimental evaluation with real data and queries has shown significant superiority over all existing techniques.
Industrial Design education in Australia: a competence analysis across primary, secondary and tertiary education levels
Authors: Deighton Kathryn , Kuys Blair , Tyagi Shivani 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIndustrial Design education is poorly understood by laypeople but is present in Australian curricula from primary through to tertiary education levels. Designers and design researchers have long recognised the value of the broad-ranging skills, knowledge fields, and personal qualities design education imparts, but this understanding is generally not shared by the wider community who may see design as surface decoration. This research identifies indicators of value and relevance taken from the twenty-first century competences literature, then measures their presence in four different Industrial Design education settings. Two studies were undertaken. First, Industrial Design educators from primary, secondary, and tertiary levels were surveyed. Then diverse Industrial Design education stakeholders from education and non-education settings were interviewed. The studies gathered both quantitative and qualitative data on the value and relevance of current Industrial Design education in Australia. The result is a comprehensive analysis of the twenty-first century competences present in Australian Industrial Design education, which concludes with recommendations for ways Industrial Design education can benefit twenty-first century learners, as well as ways it should evolve to remain relevant.
Implementation of non-linear mixed effects models defined by fractional differential equations
Authors: Kaikousidis Christos , Dokoumetzidis Aristides 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFractional differential equations (FDEs), i.e. differential equations with derivatives of non-integer order, can describe certain experimental datasets more accurately than classic models and have found application in pharmacokinetics (PKs), but wider applicability has been hindered by the lack of appropriate software. In the present work an extension of NONMEM software is introduced, as a FORTRAN subroutine, that allows the definition of nonlinear mixed effects (NLME) models with FDEs. The new subroutine can handle arbitrary user defined linear and nonlinear models with multiple equations, and multiple doses and can be integrated in NONMEM workflows seamlessly, working well with third party packages. The performance of the subroutine in parameter estimation exercises, with simple linear and nonlinear (Michaelis–Menten) fractional PK models has been evaluated by simulations and an application to a real clinical dataset of diazepam is presented. In the simulation study, model parameters were estimated for each of 100 simulated datasets for the two models. The relative mean bias (RMB) and relative root mean square error (RRMSE) were calculated in order to assess the bias and precision of the methodology. In all cases both RMB and RRMSE were below 20% showing high accuracy and precision for the estimates. For the diazepam application the fractional model that best described the drug kinetics was a one-compartment linear model which had similar performance, according to diagnostic plots and Visual Predictive Check, to a three-compartment classic model, but including four less parameters than the latter. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first attempt to use FDE systems in an NLME framework, so the approach could be of interest to other disciplines apart from PKs.
Techno-economic evaluation of buffered accelerated weathering of limestone as a CO2 capture and storage option
Authors: De Marco Serena , Varliero Selene , Caserini Stefano , Cappello Giovanni , Raos Guido , Campo Francesco , Grosso Mario 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCarbon dioxide storage technologies are needed not only to store the carbon captured in the emissions of hard-to-abate sectors but also for some carbon dioxide removal technologies requiring a final and permanent storage of CO2. The pace and scale of geological CO2 storage deployment have fallen short of expectations, and there is a growing interest in ocean-based CO2 storage options. As complementary to geological storage, buffered accelerated weathering of limestone (BAWL) has been proposed to produce a buffered ionic solution at seawater pH, derived from the reaction in seawater between a CO2 stream and a micron-sized powder of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), within a long tubular reactor. The addition of calcium hydroxide to buffer the unreacted CO2 before the discharge in seawater is also envisaged. BAWL avoids the risks of CO2 degassing back into the atmosphere and does not induce seawater acidification. This work presents a mass and energy balance and preliminary cost analysis of the technology for different configurations of discharge depth (100, 500, 3,000 m), pipeline length (10, 25, 100 km) and diameter of CaCO3 particles (1, 2, 10 µm) fed in the tubular reactor. The total energy consumption to capture and store 1 t of CO2 generated by a steam-methane reforming (SMR) process ranges from 1.3 to 2.2 MWh. The CO2 released from the CaCO3 calcination to produce the buffering solution leads to a total CO2 storage requirement 43–85% higher than the CO2 derived by SMR. The total cost to capture and store 1 t of CO2 from SMR is estimated in the range 142–189 €.
A differentiated approach to Indigenous pedagogies: addressing gaps in teachers’ knowledge
Authors: Funk Johanna , Woodroffe Tracy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAcknowledging Australian Indigenous cultural diversity involves respecting local Indigenous knowledge and perspectives. This can be difficult for teachers who do not know about Indigenous people and their knowledge. The Differentiated Indigenous Pedagogies project evaluated digitally available information describing Indigenous in this paper, ‘Indigenous’ will be used when referring to First Nations and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, pedagogies, policies, and institutional contexts in Australia apart from references used which use other terminology. The authors acknowledge the contested nature of terminology and use the term ‘Indigenous’ as it is consistent with the title of the research project on which this article is based pedagogies in the Northern Territory. The purpose was to consolidate findings to increase positive intercultural actions in the wider education community. An important aspect of the project is addressing gaps in western, non-Indigenous teacher knowledge pertinent to the diversity within Indigenous language groups and regions. Through searching for available Indigenous pedagogies as a teacher might, we found information differs in description and levels of relationality. Pedagogies are presented in numerous ways which complicates teachers’ cultural understandings. Common themes from search results and Indigenist educational research are used to define ways teachers can actively engage in more respectful, relational, and reconciliatory ways to develop a differentiated approach for themselves to use when working with Indigenous pedagogies.
The size of a Markovian SIR epidemic given only removal data
Authors: Ball Frank , Neal Peter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDuring an epidemic outbreak, typically only partial information about the outbreak is known. A common scenario is that the infection times of individuals are unknown, but individuals, on displaying symptoms, are identified as infectious and removed from the population. We study the distribution of the number of infectives given only the times of removals in a Markovian susceptible–infectious–removed (SIR) epidemic. Primary interest is in the initial stages of the epidemic process, where a branching (birth–death) process approximation is applicable. We show that the number of individuals alive in a time-inhomogeneous birth–death process at time
$t \geq 0$
, given only death times up to and including time t, is a mixture of negative binomial distributions, with the number of mixing components depending on the total number of deaths, and the mixing weights depending upon the inter-arrival times of the deaths. We further consider the extension to the case where some deaths are unobserved. We also discuss the application of the results to control measures and statistical inference.
The Many Faces of Nationalism
Authors: Malešević Siniša 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article reviews three recent books on nationalism, each focusing on a different aspect of this multifaceted phenomenon. Mylonas and Radnitz’s volume explores the relationships between nationalism and the politics of treason, Hadžidedic’s book zooms in on the historical interdependence of capitalism and nationalism, while Maxwell’s historical monograph explores nationalist habitus as a form of lived experience. These three insightful contributions show the diversity and plasticity of nationalist ideology and practice.
An experimental investigation of the aerodynamic characteristics of a cascade of circulation controlled aerofoils
Authors: Flint W. L. , Holliday C. I. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryTypical performance characteristics are presented for a cascade of two-dimensional bluff aerofoils employing circulation control from a tangential blowing jet. The cascade was tested in various configurations at a freestream Mach number of 0·3 and Reynolds number of approximately 1·5 x 105. Lift and drag coefficients and stream deflection are related to the blowing jet momentum coefficient. The expressions employed for lift and drag eliminate the direct effect of the blowing jet on measured performance, which was found to be influenced strongly by vortex shedding at low jet blowing rates.For the configurations employed, tests showed that the economical application of circulation control on an uncambered blade could produce flow turning angles up to 20°.
A commercial view of DBS
Authors: Flach Dennis 
Published: March 2023

Most of the new services and facilities which, we are told, are going to provide us with new images on the TV screen in the next decade, are led by technology rather than by any established need by the viewer or consumer.In looking at the commercial viability of DBS services it is necessary to consider how the viewer is likely to react, not only with regard to acquiring receiver equipment but also the extent to which he is going to use it.
Vibration of waffle cylinders
Authors: Karmakar R. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryA vibration analysis of waffle cylinders with various stiffener configurations is made using the energy method. The frequency factors of the stiffened cylinders are obtained in terms of various non-dimensional parameters. To make a comparative study, the frequency factors are maximised for a fixed cylinder mass and stiffener eccentricity ratio. It is observed that spiral and circumferential configurations are efficient whereas axial stiffening is detrimental.
Preliminary report on the engineering development of the Magnus Aerospace Corp. LTA 20-1 heavy-lift aircraft
Authors: Delaurier J. D. , McKinney W. D. , Kung W. L. , Green G. M. , Scholaert H. S. B. 
Published: March 2023

Within the past few years, there has been a growing interest in the utilisation of airships for a variety of missions. Studies funded by NASA and the US Navy have shown that modern airships not only could perform certain tasks more economically and silently than other aeronautical vehicles (short-haul passenger and freight transport, and long-duration ocean patrol), but that they could perform unique missions, such as the V/STOL transportation of bulky loads an order of magnitude beyond helicopter capability.The types of modern airships envisioned fall into two categories: modernised blimps and heavy-load carriers. Blimps are receiving reconsideration for their traditional role of patrol and surveillance because of their fuel efficiency and the development of modern sensing devices which require a quiet, stationary vehicle for deployment.
Testability—a military users point of view
Authors: Lawrence G. F. , Webber S. T. , Witcombe P. J. 
Published: March 2023

The topic of testability in equipment appears to generate as many different views as people asked to express an opinion. Certainly, a manufacturer's perceptive of testability appears to vary from the equipment user view. Both will agree that testability is an essential characteristic of equipment but its need is driven by different requirements. This paper presents a view of testability as seen by the users of complex military equipment in the three services. The general thesis is that the testability needs of the Royal Navy, Army and Royal Air Force must receive greater attention than at present given and that each element of the Armed Forces is faced with maintaining equipment for 20 years or more whereas industry has a much shorter period of interest.In developing this thesis the paper starts by discussing the military requirements for testability and outlining the maintenance philosophies adopted by the three services. Procedures for establishing an effective testability programme, as part of the overall design effort, are then considered and a possible technique for the numerical assessment of testability is mentioned. Finally the paper emphasises the importance the three Services attach to the transportability of test software.
Reliability testing for GW systems
Authors: O'Connor Patrick D. T. 
Published: March 2023

Reliability testing for GW systems can be considered as comprising five categories of test:1.Development testing, including environmental testing, to ensure that the design is capable of performing to the technical requirements.2.Reliability demonstration testing, to provide assurance that the reliability requirements will be, or are being, met.3.Production Testing.4.Acceptance testing, to provide assurance that production missiles are achieving the required reliability.5.In-service testing, to ensure that reliability is maintained during Service conditions.This paper surveys the particular problems experienced when applying these categories of reliability testing to guided weapons. The paper considers only the equipment in the missile, and not GW sub-systems fitted to launch vehicles, since such sub-systems are basically the same as other avionic, ground or ship-based systems from the reliability test point of view.
The European transonic wind-tunnel ETW: A cryogenic solution
Authors: Hartzuiker J. P. 
Published: March 2023

The history of the European Transonic Wind-tunnel is briefly described.After a discussion of the tunnel specifications and performance, a general description of the facility is provided.The results of an investigation into the expected future use of the tunnel are summarised.Information on the pilot tunnel PETW is presented, as well as some results on flow quality obtained in an aerodynamic test rig.Finally, some reference is made to a supporting programme on cryogenic technology.
Part II: For the nacelle in oscillatory motion
Authors: Sheu M. J. , Hancock G. J. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe vortex lattice model developed in Part I has been extended to estimate the overall loads and moments on a cylindrical nacelle alone and on a cylindrical nacelle, enclosing an engine, when the configuration oscillates in simple harmonic motion in an air stream. Results are presented for a range of frequency parameter and thrust conditions. Although the problem is properly posed for low speed flow through the ‘engine’, there is doubt over the model formulation when density changes need to be accounted for.
The first spacelab payload (FSLP)
Authors: Shapland D. J. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe objectives of the first flight of Spacelab (to be launched in September 1983) are to verify the Spacelab performance and to demonstrate its use as a tool for experimentation in a variety of scientific and technical disciplines. The latter objective will be achieved by the operation of a joint ESA-NASA payload wherein about 50% of the available resources are allocated to the complements of each Agency. The total payload amounts to 2785 kg and consumes about 2 kW of power. The configuration chosen for the first mission (orbital inclination 57°, altitude 250 km, duration nine days) is a long module plus one pallet and some 70 experiments will be on-board.The paper describes the total payload but particular attention is given to the European portion — FSLP (First Spacelab Payload). The scientific objectives of the mission are presented and representative experiments from the various disciplines (Atmospheric Physics, Earth Observations, Material Sciences, Plasma Physics, Astronomy and Solar Physics, Life Sciences and Technology) are described. The tasks associated with check-out and integration of the individual experiments and their related software into the FSLP are explained and the associated ground operations and flight operations planning portrayed. In the latter context, the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) and the Payload Operations Control Center (POCC) play an important part. The role of the on-board crew is stressed and the general advantages of man-in-the-loop are discussed.Finally, some of the complex management inter faces are illustrated and the paper explains how this challenge has been met. It is concluded that the considerable experience gained from this international joint venture into manned space flight must be retained for the optimum fulfilment of future European man-tended space experimentation.