bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the alveolate parasite Perkinsus olseni infection on sexual maturation and spawning efficiency of the clam Ruditapes decussatus
Authors: Fernández-Boo Sergio , Duarte Catarina , Guévélou Eric , Sousa Joana , Freitas Rosa , Joaquim Sandra , Costas Benjamin , Magalhães Luisa , Matias Domitília , Cruz Andreia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe effect of Perkinsus olseni infection on the reproduction ability of clams has been underestimated so far. Although some studies found evidence of reduction of egg production and delay in gonad maturation after infection, the total effect of the infection is still unclear. In this study, Ruditapes decussatus clams from a naïve population were injected with two different doses of P. olseni parasites, a low dose leading to a light infection and a high dose leading to a heavy infection. Clams were maintained during 2 months for maturation, and at the end of the experiment, the spawning was induced, the number of larvae release and mortality were evaluated. During the maturation period, infection level, gonadal stage, condition index, gross biochemical composition and oxidative status of progenitors were evaluated at days 0, 30 and 60 post-injection. The effects of P. olseni infection on clams showed alterations on biochemical parameters, namely lipid peroxidation, a significant mortality and a delayed gonad maturation, with a greater effect in the highly infected individuals. The reproductive capacity of the clams was impaired in both infected groups showing a lower production and a higher mortality rate of larvae. Finally, this study indicates that the production of natural beds with a high prevalence of P. olseni could be compromised by a deregulation of the natural reproduction cycle and a decrease in larvae production by infected animals, probably due to a combination of lower egg production and lower lipid reserves in larvae from infected clams.
Prognostic value of different anthropometric indices over different measurement intervals to predict mortality in 6–59-month-old children
Authors: Briend André , Myatt Mark , Berkley James A , Black Robert E , Boyd Erin , Garenne Michel , Lelijveld Natasha , Isanaka Sheila , McDonald Christine M , Mwangwome Martha , O’Brien Kieran S , Schwinger Catherine , Stobaugh Heather , Taneja Sunita , West Keith P , Khara Tanya 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjective:To compare the prognostic value of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) and weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) for predicting death over periods of 1, 3 and 6 months follow-up in children.Design:Pooled analysis of twelve prospective studies examining survival after anthropometric assessment. Sensitivity and false-positive ratios to predict death within 1, 3 and 6 months were compared for three individual anthropometric indices and their combinations.Setting:Community-based, prospective studies from twelve countries in Africa and Asia.Participants:Children aged 6–59 months living in the study areas.Results:For all anthropometric indices, the receiver operating characteristic curves were higher for shorter than for longer durations of follow-up. Sensitivity was higher for death with 1-month follow-up compared with 6 months by 49 % (95 % CI (30, 69)) for MUAC < 115 mm (P < 0·001), 48 % (95 % CI (9·4, 87)) for WHZ < -3 (P < 0·01) and 28 % (95 % CI (7·6, 42)) for WAZ < -3 (P < 0·005). This was accompanied by an increase in false positives of only 3 % or less. For all durations of follow-up, WAZ < -3 identified more children who died and were not identified by WHZ < -3 or by MUAC < 115 mm, 120 mm or 125 mm, but the use of WAZ < -3 led to an increased false-positive ratio up to 16·4 % (95 % CI (12·0, 20·9)) compared with 3·5 % (95 % CI (0·4, 6·5)) for MUAC < 115 mm alone.Conclusions:Frequent anthropometric measurements significantly improve the identification of malnourished children with a high risk of death without markedly increasing false positives. Combining two indices increases sensitivity but also increases false positives among children meeting case definitions.
Tooth whorl structure, growth and function in a helicoprionid chondrichthyan Karpinskiprion (nom. nov.) (Eugeneodontiformes) with a revision of the family composition
Authors: LEBEDEV Oleg A. , ITANO Wayne M. , JOHANSON Zerina , ALEKSEEV Alexander S. , SMITH Moya M. , IVANOV Aleksey V. , NOVIKOV Igor V. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTRestudy of Campyloprion annectans Eastman, 1902 from North America demonstrated that neither specimen included is diagnostic at the species level; thus, the species name is a nomen dubium. Since this species was designated as the type species of the genus, this requires suppression of the generic name also. Another species earlier assigned to Campyloprion, Campyloprion ivanovi Karpinsky, 1924 is used as a type for a newly established genus Karpinskiprion Lebedev et Itano gen. nov. The composition of the family Helicoprionidae Karpinsky, 1911 is reviewed, and a new family Helicampodontidae Itano et Lebedev fam. nov. is erected. A new specimen of Karpinskiprion ivanovi (Karpinsky, 1924) recently discovered in the Volgograd Region of Russia is the most complete Karpinskiprion specimen ever found. It unambiguously demonstrates the coiled nature of these tooth whorls and presents information on their developmental stages. During organogeny, cutting blades of the crown became reshaped, and basal spurs progressively elongated, forming a grater. Whorl growth occurred by addition of new crowns to the earlier mineralised base followed by later spur growth. In contrast to consistently uniform cutting blades, spurs are often malformed and bear traces of growth interruption. Both sides of the outer coil of the tooth whorl bear lifetime wear facets. The youngest (lingual) crowns are as yet unaffected by wear. The best-preserved facets show parallel radially directed scratch marks. The upper jaw dentition of Karpinskiprion is unknown, but we suggest that the faceted areas resulted from interaction with the antagonistic dental structures here. Three possible hypotheses for this interaction are suggested: (a) two opposing whorls acted as scissor blades, moving alternately from one side to another; (b) the lower tooth whorl fitted between paired parasymphyseal tooth whorls of the opposing jaw; or (c) the lower tooth whorl fitted into a dental pavement in the upper jaw.
Assessing Precipitation Over the Amazon Basin as Simulated by a Storm‐Resolving Model
Authors: Paccini L. , Stevens B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, we investigate whether a better representation of precipitation in the Amazon basin arises through an explicit representation of convection and whether it is related to the representation of organized systems. In addition to satellite data, we use ensemble simulations of the ICON‐NWP model at storm‐resolving (2.5–5.0 km) scales with explicit convection (E‐CON) and coarse resolutions, with parameterized convection (P‐CON). The main improvements in the representation of Amazon precipitation by E‐CON are in the distribution of precipitation intensity and the spatial distribution in the diurnal cycle. By isolating precipitation from organized convective systems (OCS), it is shown that many of the well simulated precipitation features in the Amazon arise from the distribution of these systems. The simulated and observed OCS are classified into 6 clusters which distinguish nocturnal and diurnal OCS. While the E‐CON ensembles capture the OCS, especially their diurnal cycle, their frequency is reduced compared to observations. Diurnal clusters are influenced by surface processes such as cold pools, which aid to the propagation of OCS. Nocturnal clusters are rather associated with strong low‐level easterlies, possibly related to the Amazonian low‐level jet. Our results also show no systematic improvement with a twofold grid refinement and remaining biases related to stratiform features of OCS suggest that yet unresolved processes play an important role for correctly representing precipitating systems in the Amazon.
Climate Responses Under an Extreme Quiet Sun Scenario
Authors: Liu Han‐Li , Rempel Matthias , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Solomon Stanley C. , McInerney Joseph M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFundamental understanding of the climate responses to solar variability is obscured by the large and complex climate variability. This long‐standing issue is addressed here by examining climate responses under an extreme quiet sun (EQS) scenario, obtained by making the sun void of all magnetic fields. It is used to drive a coupled climate model with whole atmosphere and ocean components. The simulations reveal significant responses, and elucidate aspects of the responses to changes of troposphere/surface forcing and stratospheric forcing that are similar and those that are different. Planetary waves (PWs) play a key role in both regional‐scale responses and the mean circulation changes. Intermediate scale stationary waves and regional climate respond to solar forcing changes in the troposphere and stratosphere in a similar way, due to similar subtropical wind changes in the upper troposphere. The patterns of these changes are similar to those found in a warming climate, but with opposite signs. Responses of the largest scale PW during northern hemisphere and southern hemisphere winters differ, leading to hemispheric differences in the interplay between dynamical and radiative processes. The analysis exposes remarkable general similarities between climate responses in EQS simulations and those under nominal solar minimum conditions, even though the latter may not always appear to be statistically significant.
The Near‐Bed Flow Structure and Bed Shear Stresses Within Emergent Vegetation
Authors: Conde‐Frias M. , Ghisalberti M. , Lowe R. J. , Abdolahpour M. , Etminan V. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe structure of the bottom boundary layer (BBL) in aquatic flows influences a range of biophysical processes, including sediment transport, hyporheic exchange, and biofilm formation. While the structure of BBL above bare sediment beds has been well studied, little is known about the complex near‐bed flow structure within aquatic vegetation. In this study, we used high‐resolution laboratory measurements and numerical Large Eddy Simulations to investigate the near‐bed mean and turbulent flow properties within staggered‐ordered emergent vegetation under a wide range of flow conditions and densities. There is strong spatial variability of key near‐bed flow characteristics on the scale of the vegetation elements. Measurement locations that provide single‐point flow characteristics closest to the spatially averaged values were identified. The spatially averaged BBL thickness is influenced strongly by vegetation density. This impact of vegetation density is engendered through its direct control of near‐bed turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), which in turn is negatively correlated with BBL thickness, both locally in a given flow and across the range of flow conditions studied here. A model based on the near‐bed TKE is developed to predict the BBL thickness and, ultimately, the bed shear stress. Model predictions were in close agreement with the experimental and numerical results. These findings provide new insights into the physical links between near‐bed flow variables and therefore contribute to the understanding of some of the complex biophysical processes present in vegetated flows.
Chemical mimetics of the N-degron pathway alleviate systemic inflammation by activating mitophagy and immunometabolic remodeling
Authors: Silwal Prashanta , Kim Young Jae , Lee Yoon Jee , Kim In Soo , Jeon Sang Min , Roh Taylor , Kim Jin Kyung , Lee Min Joung , Heo Jun Young , Jo Doo Sin , Lee Sang-Hee , Cho Dong-Hyung , Kim Jin Man , Kwon Yong Tae , Jo Eun-Kyeong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Arg/N-degron pathway, which is involved in the degradation of proteins bearing an N-terminal signal peptide, is connected to p62/SQSTM1-mediated autophagy. However, the impact of the molecular link between the N-degron and autophagy pathways is largely unknown in the context of systemic inflammation. Here, we show that chemical mimetics of the N-degron Nt-Arg pathway (p62 ligands) decreased mortality in sepsis and inhibited pathological inflammation by activating mitophagy and immunometabolic remodeling. The p62 ligands alleviated systemic inflammation in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic shock and in the cecal ligation and puncture model of sepsis. In macrophages, the p62 ligand attenuated the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in response to various innate immune stimuli. Mechanistically, the p62 ligand augmented LPS-induced mitophagy and inhibited the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in macrophages. The p62 ligand-mediated anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and mitophagy-activating effects depended on p62. In parallel, the p62 ligand significantly downregulated the LPS-induced upregulation of aerobic glycolysis and lactate production. Together, our findings demonstrate that p62 ligands play a critical role in the regulation of inflammatory responses by orchestrating mitophagy and immunometabolic remodeling.
Superenhancers as master gene regulators and novel therapeutic targets in brain tumors
Authors: Zhuang Hai-Hui , Qu Qiang , Teng Xin-Qi , Dai Ying-Huan , Qu Jian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTranscriptional deregulation, a cancer cell hallmark, is driven by epigenetic abnormalities in the majority of brain tumors, including adult glioblastoma and pediatric brain tumors. Epigenetic abnormalities can activate epigenetic regulatory elements to regulate the expression of oncogenes. Superenhancers (SEs), identified as novel epigenetic regulatory elements, are clusters of enhancers with cell-type specificity that can drive the aberrant transcription of oncogenes and promote tumor initiation and progression. As gene regulators, SEs are involved in tumorigenesis in a variety of tumors, including brain tumors. SEs are susceptible to inhibition by their key components, such as bromodomain protein 4 and cyclin-dependent kinase 7, providing new opportunities for antitumor therapy. In this review, we summarized the characteristics and identification, unique organizational structures, and activation mechanisms of SEs in tumors, as well as the clinical applications related to SEs in tumor therapy and prognostication. Based on a review of the literature, we discussed the relationship between SEs and different brain tumors and potential therapeutic targets, focusing on glioblastoma.
ADAMTS4 is involved in the production of the Alzheimer disease amyloid biomarker APP669-711
Authors: Matsuzaki Masaya , Yokoyama Miyabishara , Yoshizawa Yota , Kaneko Naoki , Naito Hiroki , Kobayashi Honoka , Korenaga Akihito , Sekiya Sadanori , Ikemura Kentaro , Opoku Gabriel , Hirohata Satoshi , Iwamoto Shinichi , Tanaka Koichi , Tomita Taisuke 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAmyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain parenchyma is one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer disease (AD). We have previously identified amyloid precursor protein (APP)669-711 (a.k.a. Aβ(-3)-40) in human plasma using immunoprecipitation combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (IP-MALDI-MS). Furthermore, we found that the level of a composite biomarker, i.e., a combination of APP669-711/Aβ1-42 ratio and Aβ1-40/Aβ1-42 ratio in human plasma, correlates with the amyloid PET status of AD patients. However, the production mechanism of APP669-711 has remained unclear. Using in vitro and in vivo assays, we identified A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with a Thrombospondin type 1 motif, type 4 (ADAMTS4) as a responsible enzyme for APP669-711 production. ADAMTS4 cleaves APP directly to generate the C-terminal stub c102, which is subsequently proteolyzed by γ-secretase to release APP669-711. Genetic knockout of ADAMTS4 reduced the production of endogenous APP669-711 by 30% to 40% in cultured cells as well as mouse plasma, irrespectively of Aβ levels. Finally, we found that the endogenous murine APP669-711/Aβ1-42 ratio was increased in aged AD model mice, which shows Aβ deposition as observed in human patients. These data suggest that ADAMTS4 is involved in the production of APP669-711, and a plasma biomarker determined by IP-MALDI-MS can be used to estimate the level of Aβ deposition in the brain of mouse models.
Upregulation of GALNT7 in prostate cancer modifies O-glycosylation and promotes tumour growth
Authors: Scott Emma , Hodgson Kirsty , Calle Beatriz , Turner Helen , Cheung Kathleen , Bermudez Abel , Marques Fernando Jose Garcia , Pye Hayley , Yo Edward Christopher , Islam Khirul , Oo Htoo Zarni , McClurg Urszula L. , Wilson Laura , Thomas Huw , Frame Fiona M. , Orozco-Moreno Margarita , Bastian Kayla , Arredondo Hector M. , Roustan Chloe , Gray Melissa Anne , Kelly Lois , Tolson Aaron , Mellor Ellie , Hysenaj Gerald , Goode Emily Archer , Garnham Rebecca , Duxfield Adam , Heavey Susan , Stopka-Farooqui Urszula , Haider Aiman , Freeman Alex , Singh Saurabh , Johnston Edward W. , Punwani Shonit , Knight Bridget , McCullagh Paul , McGrath John , Crundwell Malcolm , Harries Lorna , Bogdan Denisa , Westaby Daniel , Fowler Gemma , Flohr Penny , Yuan Wei , Sharp Adam , de Bono Johann , Maitland Norman J. , Wisnovsky Simon , Bertozzi Carolyn R. , Heer Rakesh , Guerrero Ramon Hurtado , Daugaard Mads , Leivo Janne , Whitaker Hayley , Pitteri Sharon , Wang Ning , Elliott David J. , Schumann Benjamin , Munkley Jennifer 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProstate cancer is the most common cancer in men and it is estimated that over 350,000 men worldwide die of prostate cancer every year. There remains an unmet clinical need to improve how clinically significant prostate cancer is diagnosed and develop new treatments for advanced disease. Aberrant glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer implicated in tumour growth, metastasis, and immune evasion. One of the key drivers of aberrant glycosylation is the dysregulated expression of glycosylation enzymes within the cancer cell. Here, we demonstrate using multiple independent clinical cohorts that the glycosyltransferase enzyme GALNT7 is upregulated in prostate cancer tissue. We show GALNT7 can identify men with prostate cancer, using urine and blood samples, with improved diagnostic accuracy than serum PSA alone. We also show that GALNT7 levels remain high in progression to castrate-resistant disease, and using in vitro and in vivo models, reveal that GALNT7 promotes prostate tumour growth. Mechanistically, GALNT7 can modify O-glycosylation in prostate cancer cells and correlates with cell cycle and immune signalling pathways. Our study provides a new biomarker to aid the diagnosis of clinically significant disease and cements GALNT7-mediated O-glycosylation as an important driver of prostate cancer progression.
Grain refinement in titanium prevents low temperature oxygen embrittlement
Authors: Chong Yan , Gholizadeh Reza , Tsuru Tomohito , Zhang Ruopeng , Inoue Koji , Gao Wenqiang , Godfrey Andy , Mitsuhara Masatoshi , Morris J. W. , Minor Andrew M. , Tsuji Nobuhiro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInterstitial oxygen embrittles titanium, particularly at cryogenic temperatures, which necessitates a stringent control of oxygen content in fabricating titanium and its alloys. Here, we propose a structural strategy, via grain refinement, to alleviate this problem. Compared to a coarse-grained counterpart that is extremely brittle at 77 K, the uniform elongation of an ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructure (grain size ~ 2.0 µm) in Ti-0.3wt.%O is successfully increased by an order of magnitude, maintaining an ultrahigh yield strength inherent to the UFG microstructure. This unique strength-ductility synergy in UFG Ti-0.3wt.%O is achieved via the combined effects of diluted grain boundary segregation of oxygen that helps to improve the grain boundary cohesive energy and enhanced <c + a> dislocation activities that contribute to the excellent strain hardening ability. The present strategy will not only boost the potential applications of high strength Ti-O alloys at low temperatures, but can also be applied to other alloy systems, where interstitial solution hardening results into an undesirable loss of ductility.
Breakdown of the scaling relation of anomalous Hall effect in Kondo lattice ferromagnet USbTe
Authors: Siddiquee Hasan , Broyles Christopher , Kotta Erica , Liu Shouzheng , Peng Shiyu , Kong Tai , Kang Byungkyun , Zhu Qiang , Lee Yongbin , Ke Liqin , Weng Hongming , Denlinger Jonathan D. , Wray L. Andrew , Ran Sheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe interaction between strong correlation and Berry curvature is an open territory of in the field of quantum materials. Here we report large anomalous Hall conductivity in a Kondo lattice ferromagnet USbTe which is dominated by intrinsic Berry curvature at low temperatures. However, the Berry curvature induced anomalous Hall effect does not follow the scaling relation derived from Fermi liquid theory. The onset of the Berry curvature contribution coincides with the Kondo coherent temperature. Combined with ARPES measurement and DMFT calculations, this strongly indicates that Berry curvature is hosted by the flat bands induced by Kondo hybridization at the Fermi level. Our results demonstrate that the Kondo coherence of the flat bands has a dramatic influence on the low temperature physical properties associated with the Berry curvature, calling for new theories of scaling relations of anomalous Hall effect to account for the interaction between strong correlation and Berry curvature.
Transcriptional reprogramming of skeletal muscle stem cells by the niche environment
Authors: Lazure Felicia , Farouni Rick , Sahinyan Korin , Blackburn Darren M. , Hernández-Corchado Aldo , Perron Gabrielle , Lu Tianyuan , Osakwe Adrien , Ragoussis Jiannis , Crist Colin , Perkins Theodore J. , Jahani-Asl Arezu , Najafabadi Hamed S. , Soleimani Vahab D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAdult stem cells are indispensable for tissue regeneration, but their function declines with age. The niche environment in which the stem cells reside plays a critical role in their function. However, quantification of the niche effect on stem cell function is lacking. Using muscle stem cells (MuSC) as a model, we show that aging leads to a significant transcriptomic shift in their subpopulations accompanied by locus-specific gain and loss of chromatin accessibility and DNA methylation. By combining in vivo MuSC transplantation and computational methods, we show that the expression of approximately half of all age-altered genes in MuSCs from aged male mice can be restored by exposure to a young niche environment. While there is a correlation between gene reversibility and epigenetic alterations, restoration of gene expression occurs primarily at the level of transcription. The stem cell niche environment therefore represents an important therapeutic target to enhance tissue regeneration in aging.