bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitigating risks and overcoming logistics challenges in humanitarian deployment to conflict zones: evidence from the DRC and CAR
Authors: Malhouni Youssef , Mabrouki Charif 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyze the challenges encountered by international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) operating in armed conflicts within the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the Central African Republic (CAR). Through a 20-month fieldwork analysis, this research maps logistical risks and highlights key obstacles on the ground for successful humanitarian deployments in dynamically changing and complex environments. The study brings together academics and practitioners, providing practical and concrete recommendations for nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to focus on in the conflict zones studied.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative and quantitative methods, this research provides valuable insights into the challenges faced by INGOs in conflict zones. After collecting data from the field, including interviews with key stakeholders and on-the-ground observations, the data analysis uses software tools such as Text Analysis Markup System analyzer and Macbeth. By adhering to ethical principles and incorporating a reflexive analysis, the study sheds light on the multidimensional nature of successful humanitarian deployments.

Findings
The primary risk in all armed conflict zones, including the DRC and CAR, is insecurity. However, to achieve a successful humanitarian deployment in such contexts, a multidimensional approach is required. This involves first securing the acceptance of local communities and conflict parties, which can be achieved through a deep understanding of both political and customary structures, with a focus on respecting key engagement leaders. Sustainability also plays a crucial role, and NGOs must maintain a secure stock of energy and provide greater initiative for on-the-ground managers to meet the expressed needs of beneficiary populations and involve them from the planning stage onwards. Finally, effective communication, cooperation and collaboration with United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs are essential to overcome procurement, technical and security risks, particularly during the initial deployment phases.

Originality/value
This study provides an illustration of the uncommon practice of conducting collaborative research in humanitarian settings amidst two neighboring areas of armed conflict. The authors identified 268 common risk factors across eight categories during five deployment phases. To analyze these risks based on criticality and NGO responsiveness, the authors used a multicriteria method. This approach allowed the authors to validate unanimous judgments, resulting in valuable insights and concrete recommendations.
Care to dare: cross-lagged effects of mentor secure-base support on newcomers' workplace courage
Authors: Dong Yuge , Yang Yujie , Zheng Lu , Long Lirong 
Published: September 2023

PurposeMentor secure-base support, characterized as mentor availability, noninterference and encouragement of growth, has important implications for newcomer socialization. Drawing on attachment theory, this paper aims to examine the relationship between mentor secure-base support and newcomers' workplace courage.Design/methodology/approachData were collected at three time points with a new police officer sample (n = 124). A cross-lagged panel design was used to test the hypotheses.FindingsMentor secure-base support is causally precedent to newcomers' workplace courage, whereas the reverse relationship from workplace courage to mentor secure-base support was not held.Practical implicationsTo help newcomers integrate into their organization and enhance their workplace courage, organizations should actively promote and foster mentoring relationships in which mentors can provide a secure base for mentees.Originality/valueThe authors' findings support that newcomers' workplace courage can be cultivated by mentor secure-base support. It provides insight for organizations to explore workplace courage development for newcomers.
Italian entrepreneurial decision-making under lockdown: the path to resilience
Authors: Delladio Silvia , Caputo Andrea , Magrini Alessandro , Pellegrini Massimiliano Matteo 
Published: September 2023

PurposeThis study addresses current research gaps by integrating resilience literature with crisis management theories, focussing on SMEs. Specifically, the authors examine how the entrepreneurial decision-making process, via the interplay of causation and effectuation logic, impacts a firm's ability to respond to unpredictable events. This paper aims to present an investigation that seeks to unearth the potentially complex interplay between causation and effectuation logic in fostering organisational resilience, particularly in the face of unprecedented disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThis study includes the responses of 80 Italian entrepreneurs operating in the hospitality sector. The paper deployed a joint analysis through a partial least squares structural equation modelling technique (PLS-SEM) and a necessary condition analysis (NCA) to assess how the decision-making logics impact the entrepreneurs' decision when reacting to the pandemic.FindingsThe findings show that how entrepreneurs make decisions influence how they react to the crisis. Causation was found as a direct cause of resilience and preparedness, and effectuation was a direct cause of resilience and agility. Moreover, causation indirectly caused resilience through preparedness, and effectuation indirectly caused resilience through agility. Finally, both preparedness and agility are direct causes of resilience.Practical implicationsThis research generated insights into why and how some SMEs respond more effectively to uncertainty than others. It provides actionable strategies that business owners and managers can employ to enhance their ability to withstand and recover from crises.Originality/valueThis study's originality and novelty lie in its empirical investigation of the roles of causation and effectuation logic in entrepreneurial decision-making and, consequently, their influence on SME resilience. Focused on the Italian hospitality sector, it provides unique insights into resilience strategies under severe, real-world conditions, contributing to theoretical development and practical applications in crisis management.
The effect of CEOs’ being the only children in the family on their CSR engagement
Authors: Huang Rong , Yang Guang , Chen Xiaoye , Chen Yuxin 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the influence of CEO’s only-child status on corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. It seeks to extend the understanding of upper echelon theory by examining unexplored CEO characteristics and their impact on CSR decisions.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses manually collected CEO family information and Chinese Stock and Market Accounting Research data as a basis to examine the influence of CEOs’ early-life experiences on their engagement in CSR activities. The study applies attachment security theory from developmental psychology and uses upper echelon theory, particularly focusing on CEOs’ only-child status. A comparative analysis of philanthropic donations between CEOs who are only children and those who have siblings is conducted. The study also examines the moderating effects of corporate slack resources and CEO shareholdings.

Findings
Preliminary findings suggest that CEOs who are only children are more likely to engage in CSR compared to their counterparts with siblings. However, the difference in donation amounts between the two groups tends to attenuate with decreased slack resources and increased CEO shareholdings.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research represents the first attempt to investigate being the only child in one’s family and the CSR-related decision of CEOs, which extends the upper echelon theory by introducing the family science theory into the management domain.
Live fuel moisture and water potential exhibit differing relationships with leaf‐level flammability thresholds
Authors: Boving Indra , Celebrezze Joe , Salladay Ryan , Ramirez Aaron , Anderegg Leander D. L. , Moritz Max 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

In semi‐arid regions where drought and wildfire events often co‐occur, such as in Southern California chaparral, relationships between plant hydration, drought‐ and fire‐adapted traits may explain landscape‐scale wildfire dynamics. To examine these patterns, fire scientists and plant physiologists quantify hydration in plants via mass‐based metrics of water content, including live fuel moisture, or pressure‐based metrics of physiological status, such as xylem water potential; however, relationships across these metrics, plant traits and flammability remain unresolved.

To determine the impact of hydration on tissue‐level flammability (leaves and stems), we conducted laboratory dehydration tests across wet and dry seasons in which we simultaneously measured xylem water potential, live fuel moisture and flammability. We tested two widespread chaparral shrubs, Adenostoma fasciculatum and Ceanothus megacarpus.

Live fuel moisture showed a threshold‐type relationship with tissue flammability (increased ignitability and combustibility at specific hydration levels) that aligned with drought‐response traits (turgor loss point) and fire behaviour (increased fire likelihood and spread) identified at the landscape scale. Water potential was the better predictor of flammability in linear statistical models.

A. fasciculatum was more flammable than C. megacarpus, and both species were more flammable during the wet growing season, suggesting seasonal growth or drought‐related tissue characteristics other than moisture content, such as lignin or chemical content, are critical for determining flammability.

Our results suggest a mechanism for landscape‐scale increases in flammability at specific levels of drought stress. Integration of drought‐related traits, such as the turgor loss point, might improve models of wildfire risk in drought‐ and fire‐prone systems.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Describing posterior distributions of variance components: Problems and the use of null distributions to aid interpretation
Authors: Pick Joel L. , Kasper Claudia , Allegue Hassen , Dingemanse Niels J. , Dochtermann Ned A. , Laskowski Kate L. , Lima Marcos R. , Schielzeth Holger , Westneat David F. , Wright Jonathan , Araya‐Ajoy Yimen G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAssessing the biological relevance of variance components estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)‐based mixed‐effects models is not straightforward. Variance estimates are constrained to be greater than zero and their posterior distributions are often asymmetric. Different measures of central tendency for these distributions can therefore vary widely, and credible intervals cannot overlap zero, making it difficult to assess the size and statistical support for among‐group variance. Statistical support is often assessed through visual inspection of the whole posterior distribution and so relies on subjective decisions for interpretation.We use simulations to demonstrate the difficulties of summarizing the posterior distributions of variance estimates from MCMC‐based models. We then describe different methods for generating the expected null distribution (i.e. a distribution of effect sizes that would be obtained if there was no among‐group variance) that can be used to aid in the interpretation of variance estimates.Through comparing commonly used summary statistics of posterior distributions of variance components, we show that the posterior median is predominantly the least biased. We further show how null distributions can be used to derive ap‐value that provides complementary information to the commonly presented measures of central tendency and uncertainty. Finally, we show how thesep‐values facilitate the implementation of power analyses within an MCMC framework.The use of null distributions for variance components can aid study design and the interpretation of results from MCMC‐based models. We hope that this manuscript will make empiricists using mixed models think more carefully about their results, what descriptive statistics they present and what inference they can make.
Reduction of patients’ bed rest time after percutaneous renal biopsy evaluated by the Nursing Outcomes Classification: Randomized clinical trial
Authors: de Fátima Lucena Amália , Oliveira Magáli Costa , Manfro Roberto Ceratti 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the reduction of patients’ bed rest time after percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) from 24 to 8 h using the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC).MethodsThis was a randomized clinical trial registered with Clinical Trials number NCT04629235. The sample comprised 16 patients in the intervention group and 18 in the control group. In the intervention group, the rest time was modified to 8 h, and afterward, the patients were released to ambulate, whereas the control patients remained at absolute rest for 24 h after PRB according to institutional protocol. All patients were observed for 24 h and evaluated at five time points with the outcomes and indicators of the NOC: before the biopsy, immediately after, at the 8th hour, at the 12th hour, and at the 24th hour after the procedure.ResultsIn the 170 evaluations performed, statistically significant differences were identified in the outcome Comfort status: physical and the indicators “physical well‐being and comfortable position.” None of the complications were related to reduced bed rest time.ConclusionsReducing patients’ bed rest time from 24 to 8 h did not increase complications from PRB, and using the NOC provided a standardized and reliable assessment.Implications for nursing practiceImportant evidence was identified for patient care after PRB, demonstrating the positive impact on patient comfort and the possibility of reducing costs to the institution and the workload of the multidisciplinary team. In addition, these findings may contribute to strengthening the use of NOC in clinical practice, teaching, and research.
Food stamps and America's poorest
Authors: Jolliffe Dean , Margitic Juan , Ravallion Martin , Tiehen Laura 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper assesses the extent to which Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)—one of America's largest antipoverty programs—has reached the poorest. We compute a novel measure of the floor of income, an estimated income level of the poorest individuals in society. We measure the floor with and without SNAP benefits included in family income using 29 years of Current Population Survey (CPS) data. We correct for underreporting of SNAP participation and benefits for a subset of years and examine alternative data to assess the robustness of our findings. The analysis reveals a long‐term decline in the income floor, whereas adding SNAP to income and correcting for underreporting has reversed this decline and lifted the income floor by more than 75% on average between 2011 and 2016. The declining floor and the remarkable increase in income for the poorest Americans from SNAP are not revealed by poverty headcounts, which focus on changes at the poverty threshold.
Role of serotonin, estrogen, and TNF‐α in the paroxetine‐impaired steroidogenesis and testicular macrophages polarization
Authors: Beltrame Flávia Luciana , Moysés Thiago Henrique Pereira , Coelho Mônica Pereira , Steinvascher Maria Clara Rossetto , de Oliveira Salmo Azambuja , da Silva André Acácio Souza , Cerri Paulo Sérgio , Sasso‐Cerri Estela 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundParoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant, has caused male sexual dysfunction; however, the paroxetine mechanisms of action in testes are still unclear.ObjectivesParoxetine serotonergic effects in testes were evaluated, focusing on steroidogenesis and the correlation between macrophages population and possible TNF‐α‐derived oxidative stress. We also verified whether the changes are reversible following treatment interruption.Materials and methodsAdult rats received paroxetine (PG35 and PG65) or tap water (CG) for 35 days. PG65 was maintained without treatment for 30 more days. Intratesticular testosterone (IT), nitrite, and malondialdehyde concentrations were measured. To confirm serotonergic and estrogenic effects, Htr1b and Esr1 expressions were analyzed. The daily sperm production (DSP), frequency of abnormal seminiferous tubules (ST), SC number, ST area, and Leydig cells nuclear area (LCnu) were evaluated. TUNEL+ germ cells, M1 (CD68+), and M2 (Perls+) macrophages were quantified. 17β‐HSD7, CYP19A1, NDRG2, oxytocin, TNF‐α, and iNOS were evaluated by immunoreactions. Oxytocin and NDRG2 protein levels as well as Tnfa mRNA expression were also analyzed.ResultsThe Htr1b downregulation in testes confirmed the paroxetine serotonergic effect. The testicular sections showed abnormal ST frequency, ST atrophy and reduction of DSP, LCnu, SC number and Perls+ macrophages. TUNEL+ germ cells and LC were associated with strong NDRG2 immunoexpression. Paroxetine reduced IT levels and 17β‐HSD7 immunoexpression in parallel to increased CYP19A1, oxytocin, TNF‐α and iNOS. Esr1 and Tnfa overexpression and increased number of CD68+ macrophages were also observed together with high nitrite and malondialdehyde levels. Most parameters were not recovered in PG65.ConclusionsParoxetine serotonergic effect impairs LC steroidogenesis, via aromatization, increasing estrogen/testosterone ratio, which in turn upregulate NDRG2, promoting apoptosis, and impairing sperm production. Serotonin–estrogen pathways may be responsible for M2/M1 polarization, Tnfa upregulation, and induction of oxidative stress. The unrecovered testicular changes after treatment discontinuation are due to persistent paroxetine serotonin/estrogen effects.
EAA/EMQN best practice guidelines for molecular diagnosis of Y‐chromosomal microdeletions: State of the art 2023
Authors: Krausz Csilla , Navarro‐Costa Paulo , Wilke Martina , Tüttelmann Frank 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTesting for AZoospermia Factor (AZF) deletions of the Y chromosome is a key component of the diagnostic workup of azoospermic and severely oligozoospermic men. This revision of the 2013 European Academy of Andrology (EAA) and EMQN CIC (previously known as the European Molecular Genetics Quality Network) laboratory guidelines summarizes recent clinically relevant advances and provides an update on the results of the external quality assessment program jointly offered by both organizations. A basic multiplex PCR reaction followed by a deletion extension analysis remains the gold‐standard methodology to detect and correctly interpret AZF deletions. Recent data have led to an update of the sY84 reverse primer sequence, as well as to a refinement of what were previously considered as interchangeable border markers for AZFa and AZFb deletion breakpoints. More specifically, sY83 and sY143 are no longer recommended for the deletion extension analysis, leaving sY1064 and sY1192, respectively, as first‐choice markers. Despite the transition, currently underway in several countries, toward a diagnosis based on certified kits, it should be noted that many of these commercial products are not recommended due to an unnecessarily high number of tested markers, and none of those currently available are, to the best of our knowledge, in accordance with the new first‐choice markers for the deletion extension analysis. The gr/gr partial AZFc deletion remains a population‐specific risk factor for impaired sperm production and a predisposing factor for testicular germ cell tumors. Testing for this deletion type is, as before, left at the discretion of the diagnostic labs and referring clinicians. Annual participation in an external quality control program is strongly encouraged, as the 22‐year experience of the EMQN/EAA scheme clearly demonstrates a steep decline in diagnostic errors and an improvement in reporting practice.
Prevalence, lifestyle, and risk factors of erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, and low libido in middle‐aged men: first results of the Bavarian Men's Health‐Study
Authors: Herkommer Kathleen , Meissner Valentin H. , Dinkel Andreas , Jahnen Matthias , Schiele Stefan , Kron Martina , Ankerst Donna P. , Gschwend Jürgen E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundErectile dysfunction (ED), premature ejaculation (PE), and low libido (LL) are reported as the most common male sexual dysfunctions.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of ED, PE, and LL and associations with lifestyle risk factors and comorbidities in middle‐aged men.Materials and methodsThis study included a population‐based random sample of 2500 50‐year‐old men who completed validated questionnaires, including the International Index of Erectile Function, the Erection Hardness Score, the Sexual Complaints Screener, and further questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression of outcomes ED, PE, and LL was used to model the association with explanatory factors.ResultsThe prevalence of at least one sexual dysfunction was 30%. 21%, 5.2%, and 7.2% of men had ED, PE, and LL, respectively. The risk of ED increased with PE (odds ratio [OR]: 1.94, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.22–3.08), LL (OR: 2.04, 95%CI: 1.26–3.29), higher waist circumference (OR: 2.23, 95%CI: 1.67–2.96), and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) (OR: 1.88, 95%CI: 1.39–2.55), partnership was associated with a lower risk (OR: 0.57, 95%CI: 0.39–0.85). The risk of PE increased with ED (OR: 1.94, 95%CI: 1.23–3.07), partnership (OR:5.42, 95%CI: 1.30–22.60), depression (OR: 2.37, 95%CI: 1.09–5.14), and LUTS (OR: 2.42, 95%CI: 1.52–3.87), and decreased with physical activity (OR: 0.44, 95%CI: 0.21–0.93). The risk of LL increased with ED (OR: 2.09, 95%CI: 1.31–3.34) and poorer self‐rated health (OR: 2.97, 95%CI: 1.54–5.71).Discussion and conclusionsRoughly one in three 50‐year‐old men experience some form of sexual dysfunction and risk factors identified in this study underline the multifactorial nature of ED, PE, and LL. Many risk factors are modifiable which underlines the role of patient education. Modifiable risk factors should be addressed in patient education and men should take active measures to remove the risk posed by these factors.