bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective adjustment of social associations and its influence on social networks in wild corvids
Authors: Kings Michael , Arbon Josh , McIvor Guillam , Whitaker Martin , Radford Andrew , Lerner Jürgen , Thornton Alex 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The adjustment of social associations by individuals in response to changes in their social environment is a core principle of influential theories on the evolution of cognition1,2 and cooperation3,4. Selectively adjusting associations with others is thought to allow individuals to maximise short-term rewards from social interactions, thus re-shaping social networks to better favour connections between compatible group members5–8. Crucially, this has yet to be tested in natural populations, where the need to maintain long-term, fitness-enhancing relationships may limit social plasticity9,10. Using a novel social-network-manipulation experiment, we show that wild jackdaws (Corvus monedula) learned to favour social associations with compatible group members (individuals that provided greater returns from social foraging interactions). Consequently, the overall frequency of associations between compatible social partners increased as the experiment progressed. This resulted in clustering of compatible individuals within the social network, but the magnitude of this effect was small, likely due to the preservation of pre-existing long-term relationships. These results provide critical field evidence that learning to adjust social associations is beneficial whilst highlighting trade-offs with the need to maintain valuable long-term relationships. Our findings therefore provide important insights into the cognitive and behavioural basis of social network plasticity and the interplay between individual behaviour and social network structure in natural populations.
Clinical trials in cancer screening, prevention and early diagnosis (SPED): A systematic mapping review
Authors: O’Dowd Emma L , Merriel Samuel WD , Cheng Vinton WT , Khan Sam , Howells Lynne M , Gopal Dipesh P , Roundhill Elizabeth A , Brennan Paul M , Crosbie Philip AJ , Neal Richard D , Brown Karen , Crosbie Emma J , Baldwin David 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Global annual cancer incidence is forecast to rise to 27.5M by 2040, a 62% rise from 2018. For most cancers, prevention and early detection are the most effective ways of reducing mortality. This study maps trials in cancer screening, prevention and early diagnosis (SPED) to identify areas of unmet need and highlight research priorities.
Methods
A systematic mapping review was conducted to evaluate all clinical trials focused on cancer SPED, irrespective of tumour type. The National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) portfolio, EMBASE, PubMed and Medline were searched for relevant papers published between 01/01/2007 and 01/04/2020. References were exported into Covidence software and double-screened. Data were extracted and mapped according to tumour site, geographical location, and intervention type.
Results
117,701 abstracts were screened, 5157 full texts reviewed, and 2888 studies included. 1184 (52%) trials focussed on screening, 554 (24%) prevention, 442 (20%) early diagnosis and 85 (4%) a combination. Colorectal, breast and cervical cancer comprised 61% of all studies compared with 6.4% in lung and 1.8% in liver cancer. The latter two are responsible for 26.3% of global cancer deaths compared with 19.3% for the former three. Number of studies varied markedly according to geographical location; 88% were based in North America, Europe or Asia.
Conclusions
This study shows clear disparities in the volume of research conducted across different tumour types and according to geographical location. These findings will help drive future research effort so that resources can be directed towards major challenges in cancer SPED.
Mitigation of endogenous oxidative stress and improving growth, haemato-biochemical parameters, and reproductive performance of Zaraibi goat bucks by dietary supplementation with Chlorella vulgaris or/and vitamin C
Authors: Abdel-khalek Abdel-Khalek El-Sayed , El-Maghraby Mahmoud M. , Elbialy Zizy I. , wakeel Rasha A. Al , Almadaly Essam , Shukry Mustafa , El-Badawy Adel , Zaghloul Helmy K. , Assar Doaa A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the effects of dietary inclusion of Chlorella vulgaris (CV) or/and vitamin C (VC) on growth, hemato-biochemical parameters, oxidative and antioxidant status, reproductive hormones, and semen quality variables, and scrotal-testicular dimensions of Zaraibi goat bucks. Twenty sexually mature bucks (41.49±0.91 kg BW) were randomly divided into 4 groups (5 bucks/group). The control group was fed the control diet, while the other three groups received a diet supplemented with VC (2 g/animal /day), CV (5 g/animal/day), and CV plus VC (the same levels), respectively, for 8 weeks (treatment period), then semen was collected for 8 weeks. Results showed that dietary supplementation with CV-VC combination significantly increased the final body weight, weight gain, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells, and lymphocytes; elevated serum total protein, globulin, testosterone, estradiol, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase with a significant reduction in Malondialdehyde in serum and seminal plasma. Also, the CV-VC combination significantly improved the ejaculate volume, total sperm output, sperm concentration, and live sperm, and reduced reaction time and sperm abnormality of bucks. Either CV or VC given separately or in combination, at the chosen levels, had no detrimental effects on animal physiological responses with normal hepatic and renal functions. Therefore, the CV-VC combination could be safely utilized as a dietary supplement in buck's diets to improve antioxidant defenses, scavenge free radicals, and potentiate buck's reproductive activities under normal conditions.
Conjugate Observations of Power Line Harmonic Radiation onboard DEMETER
Authors: Wu Jing , Wang Zhengkai , Zhang Jingwen , Yue Chao , Xie Li 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The effects of power line harmonic radiation (PLHR) on near-Earth space have been debated for many years. Since some ultrahigh voltage AC and DC power projects were added to the Chinese power grid, increasingly numerous radiations at 50 Hz and their harmonics have been caught by the microsatellite DEMETER in the geomagnetically conjugate topside ionosphere during the daytime of winter and spring. Distribution of SYM-H index has been studied, showing geomagnetic disturbances may be unnecessary for the occurrence of PLHR. The propagation of PLHR between hemispheres without much attenuation illustrates that PLHR can be amplified when crosses the equatorial zone. Eliminating seasonal and diurnal factors, dependence of PLHR propagation on the change in plasma density is disclosed. The abrupt variation of electron density gradient may create a favored condition for PLHR waves propagating between hemispheres.
Mandibular invasion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma is associated with osteoclast count and expression of its regulating proteins
Authors: de Kort W.W.B. , Haakma W.E. , Es R.J.J. van , Gawlitta D. , Driehuis E. , Gansevoort M. , Willems S.M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) frequently invades the jaw.
The exact mechanism of bone invasion remains unclear. This study investigates the role of osteoclasts and RANKL/OPG/RANK in the development of bone invasion in OSCC.
Methods
OSCC-patients treated with resection were included and divided in three groups; Non-invasion (NI-group), erosion (E-group) and bone invasion (I-group). Tissue-sections were stained with Cathepsin K (for counting osteoclasts), RANKL, OPG and RANK. Staining intensity was scored in tumor-front, tumor-center, tumor-backside and normal mucosa.
Immunohistochemistry and qPCR for RANKL/OPG/RANK was performed in five head-and-neck SCC organoids to correlate protein and mRNA-expression levels.
Results
The mean number of osteoclasts in Cathepsin K stained sections in the NI-group was 3.09 (1.12-5.05; 95%CI), in the E-group 6.15 (4.04–8.25; 95%CI) and in the I-group 10.58 (5.81–15.34; 95%CI). Compared to normal mucosa, the expression in all tumor regions was higher for RANKL, in most tumor regions for OPG and not higher for RANK. RANKL-expression in tumor-front was higher than expression in tumor-backside (I-group). RANK-expression in the tumor-front and the tumor-center was higher than expression in tumor-backside in all groups. qPCR showed a 20-43x higher RANKL-mRNA expression in 3/5 tumor organoid samples compared to a normal squamous cell organoid line and no higher mRNA-expression of OPG and RANK. There was no correlation between protein and mRNA expression in the HNSCC organoids.
Conclusion
The number of osteoclasts and their regulating proteins RANKL/OPG/RANK differ between OSCC patients with and without bone invasion. Bone invasive OSCCs have more osteoclasts and express more RANKL in tumor-front, which suggest that OSCC’s induce bone invasion by stimulating osteoclast activation by regulating the production of RANKL/OPG/RANK proteins.
Seeking the neural traces of statistical learning during implicit processing of visual words
Authors: Zhao Jingjing , Liu Jianyi , Fan Tengwen , Chen Yan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Statistical learning (SL) plays a key role in literacy acquisition. Studies have increasingly revealed the influence of SL on visual word processing, including the effects of word frequency at the lexical level and mappings between orthography, phonology, and semantics at the sub-lexical level. However, there has been scant direct evidence supporting neural representations of statistical regularities in visual word processing. Using time-resolved representational similarity analysis (RSA), the present study examined neural representations of different types of statistical regularities in visual word processing. From the perspective of predictive coding, an equal probability sequence with low built-in prediction precision and three oddball sequences with high built-in prediction precision were designed with consistent and three types of inconsistent (orthographically inconsistent, orthography-to-phonology inconsistent, and orthography-to-semantics inconsistent) Chinese characters as visual stimuli. In the three oddball sequences, consistent characters were set as the standard stimuli (probability of occurrence p = 0.75) and three types of inconsistent characters were set as deviant stimuli (p = 0.25), respectively. In the equal probability sequence, the same consistent and inconsistent characters were presented randomly with identical occurrence probability (p = 0.25). Significant neural representation activities of character frequency were observed in the equal probability sequence. By contrast, neural representations of sub-lexical statistics only emerged in oddball sequences where short-term predictions were shaped. These findings reveal that the statistical information obtained through long-term SL continues to play a role in current word processing mechanisms and these mechanisms can be modulated by short-term predictions.
Establishment of a bloodstream infection clusters prediction score in critically ill patients: an analysis of two-center retrospective cohorts
Authors: Huang Xiaolong , Wang Lei , Zhang Li , Ning Yaogui , Xu Hao , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Bloodstream infections (BSI) are highly prevalent in hospitalized patients requiring intensive care. They are among the most serious infections amd are highly associated with sepsis or septic shock, which can lead to prolonged hospital stays and high healthcare costs. This study aimed at establishingan easy-to-use nomogram for predicting the prognosis of patients with BSI.
Methods:This retrospective cohort study was performed between Jan 1, 2016, and Dec 31, 2021. It included BSI patients admitted to two intensive care units (ICUs) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University (discovery cohort)and First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (validation cohort). Their demographic and clinical data were collected, and a nomogram was developed for the discovery cohort. The developed nomogram wasexternally validated using patients in the validation cohort over a similar period.
Results: A total of 360 patients in the discovery cohort and 310 patients in the validation cohort were included in statistical analyses. Four independent predictors (vasoconstrictor use before BSI, mechanical ventilation (MV) before BSI, Deep vein catheterization (DVC) before BSI, and antibiotic use before BSI) were identified and used to develop a bloodstream infections clustering (BSIC) score. Patients with scores of 0 to 4 were included in cluster 1, while those with scores of 5 to 8 were included in cluster 2. The Kaplan-Meier curve revealed a higher risk of death for cluster 2 when compared with cluster 1.
Conclusion: The developed score has potential applications in the identification of high-risk critically ill BSI patients.
WITHDRAWN: The Investigation of the Effect of Salusins on Matrix Metalloproteinases and VEGF-A in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Esfahani Maryam , Mahmoudi Roghayeh , Pourjafar Mona , Najafi Rezvan , Saidijam Massoud , Afshar Saeid 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Salusins (α and β) have anti-atherogenic and atherogenic effects. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of salusins on expression level and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Also we evaluated the effect of salusins on mRNA expression and protein level of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).
Methods
Real-time PCR, Western blotting and Zymograpgy techniques were used. Salusin-α suppressed and Salusin-β increased expression of mRNA and enzymatic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively.
Results
The protein level of VCAM-1 was reduced by Salusin-α without any effect on mRNA expression. The expression of mRNA and protein level of VCAM-1 was improved by Salusin-β. Salusins increased protein level of VEGF-A without any effect on mRNA expression.
Conclusions
Our findings indicated an inhibitory effect of salusin-α on MMP-2 and-9, VCAM-1, and stimulatory effects of salusin-β on these molecules. Salusins have stimulatory effect on VEGF-A. Salusins may be involved in different stages of atherosclerosis. These novel results may help to detect protein-based strategies for atherosclerotic management.
Temporal Distribution Of Quadbike Injuries and Associated Factors, in Dubai, UAE
Authors: Menon Preetha , El-Sadig Mohamed , Alfaki Ibrahim Abdalla , AlShary Ahmed , Sakkaf Omar Al , Gamar Rashad , Butti Saeeda Al , Al-Rifai Rami H. , Grivna Michal 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Quadbikes are all-terrain four-wheeled vehicles used extensively as desert recreational vehicles in Dubai, UAE. Quadbiking, like other outdoor sport, is influenced by ambient temperature in the desert ecosystem. This study assesses the temporal distribution of quadbike injuries in this unique desert ecosystem to identify the population affected and factors associated with injuries in addition to forecasting short term injury trend. Electronic Patient Care Registration (EPCR) reports of Dubai Ambulance [Dubai Corporation for Ambulatory Services] from January 1, 2017, to March 1, 2021, were used as a data source. Variables were recoded and derived from the case history, time of incident and the clinical impression recorded by medics, following the incidence. IBM SPSS Statistical Package Version. 28.0.0.0 was used for descriptive, bivariate and regression analysis. R software version 4.2.1 helped with the time series analysis. Two hundred twenty-six injury incidents were reported. The analysis showed that both nationals and non-nationals were equally involved in quadbike crash injuries. Those injured were young riders under 35 years [82.3%] and mostly males [73%]. Most crashes involving injuries were rollovers [73%] and were rarely picked up by ambulance from the desert [7%]. Dubai showed a seasonal distribution of quad bike injuries with peaks in winter and a small spike in June. Diurnal distribution of injuries shows higher frequency during the afternoon-evening hours, with an equal number of injuries occurring in the daytime and nighttime hours. Regression analysis showed native Emirati riders being injured more in winter [aOR=5.148; 95% CI 2.094 – 12.65] and during the night [aOR=3.452; 95% CI 1.822-6.54], when compared to non-national riders. Finally, it seems that, incidents of quadbike injuries, will show slight increasing trend in the next few months. The distinct seasonal nature of quadbike injuries should direct the attention of concerned authorities to the importance of deploying the emergency and rescue services near desert riding hotspots. The authorities should also target vulnerable Emirati youth and guardians, during the winter season and early summer, for comprehensive injury prevention campaigns supported with close surveillance during night-time riding.
Translation and validation of the Chinese version of the Study Interest Questionnaire in health care students
Authors: Li Yue Yi , Tong Lai Kun , Au Mio Leng , Ng Wai I , Wang Si Chen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background: Considering interest's galvanizing effects on students’ learning, many researchers have devoted themselves to exploring methods and factors influencing students' interest in learning. However, there is currently no measurement for assessing health care students' interest in professional learning in China. The study aimed to translate the Study Interest Questionnaire (SIQ) and examine its psychometric properties among Chinese health care students.Methods: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation rigorously followed the modified Brislin's model. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the Chinese version of the SIQ (CV-SIQ) and purposive sampling was employed to select health care students. The validity of the CV-SIQ was assessed through content validity and construct validity. Reliability was determined by analyzing internal consistency and test-retest reliability.Results: A total of 1066 participants were included in the analysis. The item-level content validity index (CVI) ranged from 0.9 to 1.0, and the scale-level CVI was 0.96. In the Exploratory factor analysis, four factors with eigenvalues above 1 were identified, accounting for 63.809% of the cumulative variance. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the CMIN/DF was 4.49, GFI was 0.90, IFI was 0.90, and CFI was 0.90. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the CV-SIQ was 0.813, and those of the four factors were 0.862, 0.842, 0.777, and 0.731. Thirty-one participants were invited to sign the scale after two weeks. The intraclass correlation coefficient of the CV-SIQ was 0.784, and that of items ranged from 0.70 to 0.869.Conclusions: The CV-SIQ, including 18 items, contains 4 dimensions: emotion, knowledge, value, and engagement. The CV-SIQ exhibited satisfactory validity and reliability and can be applied for measuring health care students’ learning interest in China. With the aid of this scale, teachers can gain a better understanding of health care students' learning interests, thereby maximizing their learning effects through appropriate content and methods.
Evaluation of the Simulation Based Training Quality Assurance Tool (SBT-QA10) as a measure of learners’ perceptions during the action phase of simulation
Authors: Ekelund Kim , O’Regan Stephanie , Dieckmann Peter , Østergaard Doris , Waterson Leonie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background: In an earlier interview-based study the authors identified that learners experience one or more of eight explicit perceptual responses during the active phase of simulation-based training (SBT) comprising a sense: of belonging to instructor and group, of being under surveillance, of having autonomy and responsibility for patient management, of realism, of an understanding of the scenario in context, of conscious mental effort, of control of attention, and of engagement with task. These were adapted into a ten-item questionnaire: the Simulation Based Training Quality Assurance Tool (SBT-QA10) to allow monitoring of modifiable factors that may impact upon learners’ experiences. This study assessed the construct validity evidence of the interpretation of the results when using SBT-QAT10.
Materials and Methods: Recently graduated doctors and nurses participating in a SBT course on the topic of the deteriorating patient completed the SBT-QAT10 immediately following their participation in the scenarios. The primary outcome measure was internal consistency of the questionnaire items and their correlation to learners’ satisfaction scores. A secondary outcome measure compared the impact of allocation to active versus observer role.
Results:
A total of 349 questionnaires were returned by 96 course learners. The median of the total score for the ten perception items (TPS) was 39 (out of 50), with no significant difference between the four scenarios. We identified fair and positive correlations between nine of the 10 items and the SBT-QA10-TPS, the exception being “mental effort”. Compared to observers, active learners reported significantly more positive perceptions related to belonging to the team and interaction with the instructor, their sense of acting independently, and being focused. The questionnaire items were poorly correlated with the two measures of global satisfaction.
Conclusion: Except for the item for mental effort, the QA10-TPS measures learners’ experiences during the active phase of simulation scenarios that are associated with a positive learning experience. The tool may have utility to learners, instructors, and course providers by informing subsequent debriefing and reflection upon practice for learners and faculty. The relationship between these perceptions and commonly used measures of satisfaction remains poorly understood raising questions about the value of the latter.
Primary ovarian lipoleiomyoma with chondroid metaplasia: an original case report with literature review
Authors: SINHA RUCHI , KUMAR TARUN , SINGH AVINASH , . SWATI 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Introduction:Primary ovarian lipoleiomyoma is a rare benign tumor of the ovary predominantly consisting of smooth muscles and adipocytes. Clinically, they are asymptomatic and are diagnosed accidentally during the histopathological examination after the surgery.Case presentation: Herein, we report a case of unilateral, primary ovarian lipoleiomyoma in a 20-year-old primigravida who presented with complaints of abdominal distension for 4 months. The abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) revealed a large, well-defined, heterogeneously enhancing mass in the right adnexa measuring 35.9x26.1x12.9 cm. A primary clinical diagnosis of teratoma was raised. Unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed, and histomorphology revealed a benign smooth muscle tumor admixed with mature adipocyte and cartilage arising primarily in the ovary. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The tumor may be asymptomatic or manifest with abdominal pain or distension, like in our index case. As there are no pathognomonic clinical symptoms, tumor markers, or characteristic imaging findings, definitive diagnosis is difficult prior to surgical removal. Histomorphology and immunohistochemistry confirm the smooth muscle nature of the tumor.Conclusion: This common and benign solid tumor at an unusual location should be kept in the differential diagnosis of solid ovarian masses.