bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulfadiazine analogs: anti-Toxoplasma in vitro study of sulfonamide triazoles
Authors: Arafa Fadwa M , Osman Doaa Hassan , Tolba Mona Mohamed , Rezki Nadjet , Aouad Mohamed R , Hagar Mohamed , Osman Mervat , Said Heba 
Published: August 2023

AbstractToxoplasmosis is an infection that prevails all over the world and is caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). Promising novel compounds for the treatment of T. gondii are introduced in the current investigation. In order to test their in vitro potency against T. gondii tachyzoites, six 1,2,3-triazoles-based sulfonamide scaffolds with terminal NH2 or OH group were prepared and investigated as sulfadiazine equivalents. When compared to sulfadiazine, which served as a positive control, hybrid molecules showed much more anti-Toxoplasma activity. The results showed that the IC50 of the examined compounds 3(a–f) were recoded as 0.07492 μM, 0.07455 μM, 0.0392 μM, 0.03124 μM, 0.0533 μM, and 0.01835 μM, respectively, while the sulfadiazine exhibited 0.1852 μM. The studied 1,2,3-triazole-sulfadrug molecular conjugates 3(a–f) revealed selectivity index of 10.4, 8.9, 25.4, 21, 8.3, and 29; respectively. The current study focused on the newly synthesized amino derivatives 3(d–f), as they contain the more potent amino groups which are recognized to be essential elements and promote better biological activity. Extracellular tachyzoites underwent striking morphological alterations after 2 h of treatment as seen by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the intracellular tachyzoite exposed to the newly synthesized amino derivatives 3(d–f) for a 24-h period of treatment revealed damaged and altered morphology by transmission electron microscopic (TEM) indicating cytopathic effects. Moreover, compound 3f underwent the most pronounced changes, indicating that it had the strongest activity against T. gondii.
Unstructured surface mesh smoothing method based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Wang Nianhua , Zhang Laiping , Deng Xiaogang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn numerical simulations such as computational fluid dynamics simulations or finite element analyses, mesh quality affects simulation accuracy directly and significantly. Smoothing is one of the most widely adopted methods to improve unstructured mesh quality in mesh generation practices. Compared with the optimization-based smoothing method, heuristic smoothing methods are efficient but yield lower mesh quality. The balance between smoothing efficiency and mesh quality has been pursued in previous studies. In this paper, we propose a new smoothing method that combines the advantages of the heuristic Laplacian method and the optimization-based method based on the deep reinforcement learning method under the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient framework. Within the framework, the actor artificial neural network predicts the optimal position of each interior free node with its surrounding ring nodes. At the same time, a critic-network is established and takes the mesh quality as input and outputs the reward of the action taken by the actor-network. Training of the networks will maximize the cumulative long-term reward, which ends up maximizing the mesh quality. Training and validation of the proposed method are presented both on 2-dimensional triangular meshes and 3-dimensional surface meshes, which demonstrates the efficiency and mesh quality of the proposed method. Finally, numerical simulations on perturbed meshes and smoothed meshes are carried out and compared which prove the influence of mesh quality on the simulation accuracy.
Space–time flow computation with boundary layer and contact representation: a 10-year history
Authors: Takizawa Kenji , Tezduyar Tayfun E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn computation of flow problems with moving solid surfaces, moving-mesh methods such as the space–time (ST) variational multiscale method enable mesh-resolution control near the solid surfaces and thus high-resolution boundary-layer representation. There was, however, a perception that in computations where the solid surfaces come into contact, high-resolution boundary-layer representation and actual-contact representation without leaving a mesh protection opening between the solid surfaces were mutually exclusive objectives in a practical sense. The introduction of the ST topology change (ST-TC) method in 2013 changed the perception. The two objectives were no longer mutually exclusive. The ST-TC makes moving-mesh computation possible even without leaving a mesh protection opening. The contact is represented as an actual contact and the boundary layer is represented with high resolution. Elements collapse or are reborn as needed, and that is attainable in the ST framework while retaining the computational efficiency at a practical level. The ST-TC now has a 10-year history of achieving the two objectives that were long seen as mutually exclusive. With the ST-TC and other ST computational methods introduced before and after, it has been possible to address many of the challenges encountered in conducting flow analysis with boundary layer and contact representation, in the presence of additional intricacies such as geometric complexity, isogeometric discretization, and rotation or deformation of the solid surfaces. The flow analyses conducted with these ST methods include car and tire aerodynamics with road contact and tire deformation and ventricle-valve-aorta flow. To help widen awareness of these methods and what they can do, we provide an overview of the methods, including those formulated in the context of isogeometric analysis, and the computations performed over the 10-year history of the ST-TC.
A novel lytic phage exhibiting a remarkable in vivo therapeutic potential and higher antibiofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Abdelghafar Aliaa , El-Ganiny Amira , Shaker Ghada , Askoura Momen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a nosocomial bacterium responsible for variety of infections. Inappropriate use of antibiotics could lead to emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa strains. Herein, a virulent phage; vB_PaeM_PS3 was isolated and tested for its application as alternative to antibiotics for controlling P. aeruginosa infections.

Methods
Phage morphology was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The phage host range and efficiency of plating (EOP) in addition to phage stability were analyzed. One-step growth curve was performed to detect phage growth kinetics. The impact of isolated phage on planktonic cells and biofilms was assessed. The phage genome was sequenced. Finally, the therapeutic potential of vB_PaeM_PS3 was determined in vivo.

Results
Isolated phage has an icosahedral head and a contractile tail and was assigned to the family Myoviridae. The phage vB_PaeM_PS3 displayed a broad host range, strong bacteriolytic ability, and higher environmental stability. Isolated phage showed a short latent period and large burst size. Importantly, the phage vB_PaeM_PS3 effectively eradicated bacterial biofilms. The genome of vB_PaeM_PS3 consists of 93,922 bp of dsDNA with 49.39% G + C content. It contains 171 predicted open reading frames (ORFs) and 14 genes as tRNA. Interestingly, the phage vB_PaeM_PS3 significantly attenuated P. aeruginosa virulence in host where the survival of bacteria-infected mice was markedly enhanced following phage treatment. Moreover, the colonizing capability of P. aeruginosa was markedly impaired in phage-treated mice as compared to untreated infected mice.

Conclusion
Based on these findings, isolated phage vB_PaeM_PS3 could be potentially considered for treating of P. aeruginosa infections.
Multicenter phase II study of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin in older patients with advanced gastric cancer: the Tokyo Cooperative Oncology Group (TCOG) GI-1601 study
Authors: Kawabata Ryohei , Chin Keisho , Takahari Daisuke , Hosaka Hisashi , Muto Osamu , Shindo Yoshiaki , Nagata Naoki , Yabusaki Hiroshi , Imamura Hiroshi , Endo Shunji , Kashiwada Tomomi , Nakamura Masato , Hihara Jun , Kobayashi Michiya , Sagawa Tamotsu , Saito Soh , Sato Atsushi , Yamada Takeshi , Okano Naohiro , Shimada Ken , Matsushima Masashi , Kataoka Masato , Matsumoto Shigemi , Goto Masahiro , Kotaka Masahito , Shiraishi Takeshi , Yamai Hiromichi , Nagashima Fumio , Ishizuka Naoki , Yamaguchi Kensei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundCapecitabine plus oxaliplatin(CapeOX) is a standard treatment option for advanced gastric cancer (AGC). We conducted a prospective multicenter phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CapeOX as a first-line therapy for AGC in older patients.MethodsChemotherapy-naive patients aged ≥ 70 years with AGC were eligible. Initial treatment comprised capecitabine (2000 mg/m2on days 1–14) and oxaliplatin (130 mg/m2on day 1) every 3 weeks. After the initial feasibility assessment, the dose was reduced considering toxicity (capecitabine, 1500 mg/m2on days 1–14; and oxaliplatin, 100 mg/m2on day 1 every 3 weeks). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS).ResultsIn total, 108 patients were enrolled, of whom 104 were evaluated. Thirty-nine patients received the original-dose treatment, whereas 65 received the reduced-dose treatment. The median OS, progression-free survival (PFS), and time to treatment failure (TTF) were 12.9 (95% CI 11.6–14.8), 5.7 (95% CI 5.0–7.0), and 4.3 (95% CI 3.9–5.7) months, respectively, for all patients; 13.4 (95% CI 9.5–16.0), 5.8 (95% CI 4.1–7.8), and 5.3 (95% CI 3.5–7.2) months in the original-dose group; and 12.8 (95% CI 11.3–15.3), 5.7 (95% CI 4.4–7.0), and 4.1 (95% CI 3.7–5.7) months in the reduced-dose group. The most common grade 3/4 toxicities were neutropenia (17.9%), anemia (12.8%), and thrombocytopenia (12.8%) in the original-dose group and neutropenia (13.8%) and anorexia (12.3%) in the reduced-dose group.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate CapeOX's efficacy and safety in older AGC patients.
Web accessibility and inclusivity of tourist destinations at social media management. An intercultural analysis of Andalusia and Northern Morocco
Authors: Montero Alexander Aguirre , Sales Lola Hernández , Idrissi Mohammed Youbi , López-Sánchez José Antonio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTourists with disabilities, representing approximately 15% of the world's population, especially need everything planned for their tourist experiences. Therefore, the contents and level of digital accessibility are vital and significantly impact the final decision to travel to one destination.This work analyses a total of 165 digital contents (152 in Andalusia and 13 corresponding to Northern Morocco) from the perspective of web accessibility and inclusive communication in social media. The method used is multidisciplinary, carrying out a series of analyses through the statistical language R, TAW as an online tool to analyse the website's accessibility and synthesise guidelines for communicating inclusively in social networks.The main results show the scarce involvement of public bodies in inclusive communication and digital accessibility, designing content from the universal design perspective. There is no substantial difference between the two regions studied, identifying that European legislation and national regulatory framework in Andalusia's case do not favour a better level of web accessibility, although this is a mandatory aspect. Furthermore, very few differences have been noted in analysing the level of Smart Tourism Destinations when accessibility is fundamental in their conceptualisation. Finally, this research can be identified as state-of-the-art in tourism marketing as a conceptual approach and a starting point for measuring inclusive communication in social networks.Nowadays, accessible tourism is an opportunity to be placed at the centre of recovery plans in the post-COVID-19 era. Therefore, let us facilitate more inclusive societies, using tourism as a lever to achieve this goal.
Total torsion of three-dimensional lines of curvature
Authors: Raffaelli Matteo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA curve $$\gamma $$
γ
in a Riemannian manifold M is three-dimensional if its torsion (signed second curvature function) is well-defined and all higher-order curvatures vanish identically. In particular, when $$\gamma $$
γ
lies on an oriented hypersurface S of M, we say that $$\gamma $$
γ
is well positioned if the curve’s principal normal, its torsion vector, and the surface normal are everywhere coplanar. Suppose that $$\gamma $$
γ
is three-dimensional and closed. We show that if $$\gamma $$
γ
is a well-positioned line of curvature of S, then its total torsion is an integer multiple of $$2\pi $$

2
π

; and that, conversely, if the total torsion of $$\gamma $$
γ
is an integer multiple of $$2\pi $$

2
π

, then there exists an oriented hypersurface of M in which $$\gamma $$
γ
is a well-positioned line of curvature. Moreover, under the same assumptions, we prove that the total torsion of $$\gamma $$
γ
vanishes when S is convex. This extends the classical total torsion theorem for spherical curves.
The dark side of niche construction
Authors: Coninx Sabrina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNiche construction denotes the alteration, destruction, or creation of environmental features through the activities of an organism, modifying the relation between organism and environment. The concept of niche construction found application in various fields of research: evolutionary biology, enculturation, ontogenetic development, and local organism-environment coordination. This is because it provides a useful tool emphasizing different aspects of the dynamic interplay between organisms and their actively constructed environment. Traditionally, niche construction is considered a positive mechanism in the complementarity of organism and environment. In contrast, this paper sheds light on the dark side of niche construction, that is, the different manners in which organisms may modify environmental features that are in some way or another harmful to them. First, the paper introduces a paradigmatic distinction of four kinds of niche construction as commonly addressed in recent literature, using more or less extended spatio-temporal scales as the distinguishing feature. Second, the paper elaborates on the concept of negative niche construction, providing normative criteria of (mal)adaptation that are suitable for the evaluation of environmental alterations, given the chosen spatio-temporal scale. Of particular interest are inter-scale conflicts: those cases of environmental constructions which appear adaptive concerning one spatio-temporal scale but maladaptive concerning another. Third, the paper distinguishes the concept of niche construction as a valuable instrument to better understand central aspects of modern medicine and the entangled contribution of evolutionary, socio-cultural, personal, and situational aspects to different health issues, using chronic pain as an illustrative case study.
Exploring the impact of chat-based collaborative activities and SRL-focused interventions on students’ self-regulation profiles, participation in collaborative activities, retention, and learning in MOOCs
Authors: Psathas Georgios , Tegos Stergios , Demetriadis Stavros N. , Tsiatsos Thrasyvoulos 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite their potential to deliver a high-quality learning experience, massive open online courses (MOOCs) pose several issues, such as high dropout rates, difficulties in collaboration between students, low teaching involvement, and limited teacher–student interaction. Most of these issues can be attributed to the large number, diversity, and variation in self-regulated learning (SRL) skills of participants in MOOCs. Many instructional designers try to overcome these issues by incorporating collaborative activities. Others try to scaffold students’ SRL levels by making SRL-focused interventions. However, limited research combines the study of SRL-focused interventions with students’ engagement in collaborative activities, course retention, and learning outcomes of MOOC environments. We deployed a programming-oriented MOOC in which we incorporated chat-based collaborative activities, supported by a learning analytics dashboard. Students were asked to complete SRL-focused questionnaires at the beginning and the end of the course. Based on their score, we calculated an average score that forms their SRL level, creating three groups: (a) control, (b) general intervention, and (c) personalized intervention in which we provided personalized interventions. We compared the students’ learning outcomes, participation in collaborative activities, and retention in the MOOC. These comparisons provided evidence regarding the positive impact of different intervention modes on students’ engagement in collaborative activities and their learning outcomes, with respect to their various SRL profiles. Students allocated to the general and personalized intervention groups displayed increased participation in the collaborative activities and learning outcomes, as compared to students assigned to the control group. We also documented that the SRL interventions positively affected students’ course retention.
„Trau dich! Sei laut und wehr’ dich!“ AusBildung bis 18 aus der Sicht von Teilnehmenden aus Wien
Authors: Wöhrer Veronika , Gündüz Dilara 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungSeit 2016 in Österreich das Ausbildungspflichtgesetz beschlossen wurde, wurden im Rahmen der AusBildung bis 18 (AB18) Angebote und Maßnahmen für Jugendliche am Übergang von Schule zu Beruf ausgebaut und neu strukturiert. Bislang gibt es einige Studien zur AB18, jedoch noch wenig Forschung zur Sicht der jugendlichen Teilnehmenden. In diesem Text werden problemzentrierte Interviews und partizipative Forschungen mit Jugendlichen aus unterschiedlichen Maßnahmen der AB18 in Wien analysiert. Es zeigt sich, dass die Jugendlichen besondere Hürden auf ihren Bildungswegen zu meistern hatten, die durch Migration, schwierige Familienverhältnisse, Mobbing und/oder gesundheitliche Themen gegeben waren. Die jungen Menschen empfanden vor allem das Jugendcoaching und die AusbildungsFit Einrichtungen als hilfreich. Vor allem individuelle, längerfristige und kompetenzorientierte Unterstützung wurde geschätzt. Die jungen Menschen haben aber auch zahlreiche Ideen für Veränderungen und Verbesserung. Sie erleben an Normen gemessen zu werden, denen sie nicht entsprechen können, und fordern ein Umdenken von Arbeitgeber*innen. Neben konkreten Ideen zu finanziellen und organisatorischen Punkten, fordern sie auch mehr Mitsprache in der Gestaltung der Maßnahmen sowie eine Reduktion struktureller Hürden.
Growing into participation? Influences on youth’s plans to engage socially or politically and their changes over time
Authors: Malschinger Paul , Valls Ona , Flecker Jörg 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the social sciences, adolescents’ interest in social and political issues and their participation has been a subject of controversy. While there is an ongoing public debate about young people’s lack of political engagement, many social and political processes depend on participation. For this reason, we should consider whether and how young people get involved socially or politically and how important future participation is to them. In this study, we analysed whether young people in Vienna are politically or socially engaged and how different factors shape their aim of social and political participation for the future. Therefore, we used data from a five-wave panel study with young people in Vienna. At the beginning of the study period about 3000 respondents participated, the students were attending 8th grade at the Neue Mittelschule (the lower track of lower secondary school) in the 2017–2018 academic year and they were then surveyed annually over the next four years (2019–2022). For the analysis, we used cross-sectional data from the fourth wave (the survey year 2021) to explore the way in which young people considered their political and social engagement. In addition, we used longitudinal data from five waves of the panel survey (2018–2022) to determine how the subjective importance of social and political participation changes over time. Our results show that the different forms of social and political participation varied widely and, based on linear multilevel models with a repeated measurement design, we argue that while sociodemographic factors such as gender and social class are crucial for the youth’s social and political participation, engagement is also shaped by their family resources. In contrast to previous research findings, we found that the importance young people attach to engaging socially and politically decreases between the ages of 15 and 19 years. Our findings reveal new insights for achieving future social and political participation by young people.
Effect of Undercooling on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hyper-eutectic Ni–Sn Alloy
Authors: Munawar Ahmed , Sadeeda  , Asif Varda , Jafri Ali , Nisar Fatima , Wegener Mareike , Su Jing , Kargl Florian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, container-less solidification of hyper-eutectic Ni–Sn alloy has been performed by using the electromagnetic levitation technique. The effect of undercooling on the formed microstructure and on the mechanical properties have been investigated. Growth velocities were determined by high-speed video-imaging of the solidification process. A step change in the growth velocities that are increasing with increasing undercooling is observed. This aligns with an observed first change in the microstructure between low and intermediate undercoolings. At the lower undercoolings, a pro-eutectic Ni3Sn phase along with lamellar eutectic structure in the inter-dendritic region is found. At intermediate undercooling of 100–150 K, a divorced eutectic microstructure is observed whereas at undercoolings above 165 K α-Ni precipitates are observed within β-Ni3Sn dendrites. Microhardness testing revealed higher strength for the lamellar phase as compared to the non-lamellar phase. Nano-indentation has been performed to determine the hardness and strength of individual phases in the microstructure.