bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective comparison of traditional and artificial intelligence-based heart failure phenotyping in a US health system to enable real-world evidence
Authors: Garan Arthur Reshad , Monda Keri L , Dent-Acosta Ricardo E , Riskin Daniel J , Gluckman Ty J 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveQuantitatively evaluate the quality of data underlying real-world evidence (RWE) in heart failure (HF).DesignRetrospective comparison of accuracy in identifying patients with HF and phenotypic information was made using traditional (ie, structured query language applied to structured electronic health record (EHR) data) and advanced (ie, artificial intelligence (AI) applied to unstructured EHR data) RWE approaches. The performance of each approach was measured by the harmonic mean of precision and recall (F1score) using manual annotation of medical records as a reference standard.SettingEHR data from a large academic healthcare system in North America between 2015 and 2019, with an expected catchment of approximately 5 00 000 patients.Population4288 encounters for 1155 patients aged 18–85 years, with 472 patients identified as having HF.Outcome measuresHF and associated concepts, such as comorbidities, left ventricular ejection fraction, and selected medications.ResultsThe average F1scores across 19 HF-specific concepts were 49.0% and 94.1% for the traditional and advanced approaches, respectively (p<0.001 for all concepts with available data). The absolute difference in F1score between approaches was 45.1% (98.1% relative increase in F1score using the advanced approach). The advanced approach achieved superior F1scores for HF presence, phenotype and associated comorbidities. Some phenotypes, such as HF with preserved ejection fraction, revealed dramatic differences in extraction accuracy based on technology applied, with a 4.9% F1score when using natural language processing (NLP) alone and a 91.0% F1score when using NLP plus AI-based inference.ConclusionsA traditional RWE generation approach resulted in low data quality in patients with HF. While an advanced approach demonstrated high accuracy, the results varied dramatically based on extraction techniques. For future studies, advanced approaches and accuracy measurement may be required to ensure data are fit-for-purpose.
Healthcare interventions for sex workers: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Hallett Nutmeg , Christie Christine , Docherty-Smith Jack , Welborn Heather , Wright Hannah , Molloy Eleanor , Chandan Joht Singh , Croxford Sara , Taylor Julie , Bradbury-Jones Caroline 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionSex workers, who provide sexual or erotic acts in exchange for payment, often experience multiple disadvantages, including mental ill health and substance misuse. Mainstream healthcare services are generally not configured to facilitate engagement with sex workers and therefore, services are needed that are accessible to this population. The aim of this scoping review is to understand the evidence base for approaches, services and interventions that are aimed at addressing sex workers’ health needs.Methods and analysisNine databases, CINAHL, Embase, EThOS, Google Scholar, Health Management Information Consortium, MEDLINE, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, PsycINFO and Web of Science (Core Collection), will be searched, with results limited to English language publications and those published from 2003 onwards. De-duplication, study selection and data extraction will be conducted using Covidence software. Included studies will describe or evaluate approaches, services or interventions that address the health needs of sex workers who offer services that involve physical contact with a client.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical review is needed. The final report will be shared with Birmingham City Council as part of ongoing work and will be disseminated by peer-reviewed publication.Study registrationOpen Science Framework (doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/N7WSX).
Fairness and generalisability in deep learning of retinopathy of prematurity screening algorithms: a literature review
Authors: Nakayama Luis Filipe , Mitchell William Greig , Ribeiro Lucas Zago , Dychiao Robyn Gayle , Phanphruk Warachaya , Celi Leo Anthony , Kalua Khumbo , Santiago Alvina Pauline Dy , Regatieri Caio Vinicius Saito , Moraes Nilva Simeren Bueno 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disease responsible for more than 30 000 blind children worldwide. Its diagnosis and treatment are challenging due to the lack of specialists, divergent diagnostic concordance and variation in classification standards. While artificial intelligence (AI) can address the shortage of professionals and provide more cost-effective management, its development needs fairness, generalisability and bias controls prior to deployment to avoid producing harmful unpredictable results. This review aims to compare AI and ROP study’s characteristics, fairness and generalisability efforts.MethodsOur review yielded 220 articles, of which 18 were included after full-text assessment. The articles were classified into ROP severity grading, plus detection, detecting treatment requiring, ROP prediction and detection of retinal zones.ResultsAll the article’s authors and included patients are from middle-income and high-income countries, with no low-income countries, South America, Australia and Africa Continents representation.Code is available in two articles and in one on request, while data are not available in any article. 88.9% of the studies use the same retinal camera. In two articles, patients’ sex was described, but none applied a bias control in their models.ConclusionThe reviewed articles included 180 228 images and reported good metrics, but fairness, generalisability and bias control remained limited. Reproducibility is also a critical limitation, with few articles sharing codes and none sharing data. Fair and generalisable ROP and AI studies are needed that include diverse datasets, data and code sharing, collaborative research, and bias control to avoid unpredictable and harmful deployments.
Paired risk scores to predict ischaemic and bleeding risk twenty-eight days to one year after an acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Kerr Andrew J , Choi Yeunhyang , Williams Michael JA , Stewart Ralph AH , White Harvey D , Devlin Gerry , Selak Vanessa , Lee Mildred Ai Wei , El-Jack Seif , Adamson Philip D , Fairley Sarah , Jackson Rodney T , Poppe Katrina 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveThe recommended duration of dual anti-platelet therapy (DAPT) following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) varies from 1 month to 1 year depending on the balance of risks of ischaemia and major bleeding. We designed paired ischaemic and major bleeding risk scores to inform this decision.MethodsNew Zealand (NZ) patients with ACS investigated with coronary angiography are recorded in the All NZ ACS Quality Improvement registry and linked to national health datasets. Patients were aged 18–84 years (2012–2020), event free at 28 days postdischarge and without atrial fibrillation. Two 28-day to 1-year postdischarge multivariable risk prediction scores were developed: (1) cardiovascular mortality/rehospitalisation with myocardial infarction or ischaemic stroke (ischaemic score) and (2) bleeding mortality/rehospitalisation with bleeding (bleeding score).FindingsIn 27 755 patients, there were 1200 (4.3%) ischaemic and 548 (2.0%) major bleeding events. Both scores were well calibrated with moderate discrimination performance (Harrell’s c-statistic 0.75 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.77) and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.67 to 0 .71), respectively). Applying these scores to the 2020 European Society of Cardiology ACS antithrombotic treatment algorithm, the 31% of the cohort at elevated (>2%) bleeding and ischaemic risk would be considered for an abbreviated DAPT duration. For those at low bleeding risk, but elevated ischaemic risk (37% of the cohort), prolonged DAPT may be appropriate, and for those with low bleeding and ischaemic risk (29% of the cohort) short duration DAPT may be justified.ConclusionWe present a pair of ischaemic and bleeding risk scores specifically to assist clinicians and their patients in deciding on DAPT duration beyond the first month post-ACS.
Emerging role of vascular burden in AT(N) classification in individuals with Alzheimer’s and concomitant cerebrovascular burdens
Authors: Chun Min Young , Jang Hyemin , Kim Soo-Jong , Park Yu Hyun , Yun Jihwan , Lockhart Samuel N , Weiner Michael , De Carli Charles , Moon Seung Hwan , Choi Jae Yong , Nam Kyung Rok , Byun Byung-Hyun , Lim Sang-Moo , Kim Jun Pyo , Choe Yeong Sim , Kim Young Ju , Na Duk L , Kim Hee Jin , Seo Sang Won 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterised by amyloid-beta accumulation (A), tau aggregation (T) and neurodegeneration (N). Vascular (V) burden has been found concomitantly with AD pathology and has synergistic effects on cognitive decline with AD biomarkers. We determined whether cognitive trajectories of AT(N) categories differed according to vascular (V) burden.MethodsWe prospectively recruited 205 participants and classified them into groups based on the AT(N) system using neuroimaging markers. Abnormal V markers were identified based on the presence of severe white matter hyperintensities.ResultsIn A+ category, compared with the frequency of Alzheimer’s pathological change category (A+T–), the frequency of AD category (A+T+) was significantly lower in V+ group (31.8%) than in V– group (64.4%) (p=0.004). Each AT(N) biomarker was predictive of cognitive decline in the V+ group as well as in the V– group (p<0.001). Additionally, the V+ group showed more severe cognitive trajectories than the V– group in the non-Alzheimer’s pathological changes (A–T+, A–N+; p=0.002) and Alzheimer’s pathological changes (p<0.001) categories.ConclusionThe distribution and longitudinal outcomes of AT(N) system differed according to vascular burdens, suggesting the importance of incorporating a V biomarker into the AT(N) system.
Vitamin D level in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: its relationship to disease course and bone mineral density
Authors: Shevchuk Sergii , Marynych Liubov , Malovana Tetiana , Denyshchych Liudmyla 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo determine vitamin D levels in patients with SLE and evaluate their relationship to bone mineral density (BMD) and the disease course.MethodsThe study included 101 patients with SLE and 29 individuals in the control group. The study participants were tested for vitamin D level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, osteocalcin (OC) and collagen type I C-terminal telopeptide (CTX), and the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was provided to assess BMD in the lumbar spine and the hip.ResultsThe mean serum vitamin D level was 18.98±0.88 ng/mL, and women had 25.42% lower vitamin D levels than men (p<0.05). There was no correlation between vitamin D levels and patient’s age or disease course. There was a significant inverse correlation between vitamin D levels and cumulative dose of glucocorticoids (r=−0.26) and serum inflammatory markers, particularly CRP (r=−0.39), IL-6 (r=−0.37) and ESR (r=−0.15). Vitamin D level was associated with the bone turnover markers (BTMs). In women of reproductive age with vitamin D deficiency, BMD of the lumbar spine and the hip was 9.5–23.1% higher than in those with no vitamin deficiency, respectively, and the mean lumbar spine Z-score in women of reproductive age with vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency was significantly 2.0 and 2.9 times lower than in patients with normal vitamin D level.ConclusionsHypovitaminosis D is quite common in patients with SLE and is associated with high inflammatory activity (SLE Disease Activity Index, ESR, CRP, IL-6), severity of organ damage (Damage Index), cumulative dose of glucocorticoids, BTM changes (decrease in OC, increase in CTX) and BMD decline. Vitamin D status was not associated with the patient’s age or disease course.
Effects of plyometric- and cycle-based high-intensity interval training on body composition, aerobic capacity, and muscle function in young females: a field-based group fitness assessment
Authors: Holmes A.J. , Stratton M.T. , Bailly A.R. , Gottschall J.S. , Feito Y. , Ha P.L. , Lavigne A. , Persaud K. , Gagnon H.L. , Krueger A. , Modjeski A. , Esmat T.A. , Harper L.N. , VanDusseldorp T.A. , Hester G.M. 
Published: August 2023

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an effective alternative to moderate intensity continuous training for improvements in body composition and aerobic capacity; however, there is little work comparing different modalities of HIIT. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of plyometric- (PLYO) and cycle-oriented (CYC) HIIT on body composition, aerobic capacity, and skeletal muscle size, quality, and function in recreationally trained females. Young (21.7 ± 3.1 yrs), recreationally active females were quasi-randomized (1:1 ratio) to 8 weeks of twice weekly PLYO ( n = 15) or CYC ( n = 15) HIIT. Body composition (four-compartment model), VO2peak, countermovement jump performance, muscle size, and echo intensity (muscle quality), as well as strength and power of the knee extensors and plantar flexors were measured before and after training. Both groups showed a similar decrease in body fat percentage ( p < 0.001; [Formula: see text]= 0.409) and echo intensity ( p < 0.001; [Formula: see text] = 0.558), and an increase in fat-free mass ( p < 0.001; [Formula: see text]= 0.367) and VO2peak( p = 0.001; [Formula: see text] = 0.318). Muscle size was unaffected ( p > 0.05), whereas peak torque was reduced similarly in both groups ( p = 0.017; [Formula: see text] = 0.188) and rapid torque capacity was diminished only for the knee extensors after CYC ( p = 0.022; d = −0.67). These results suggest that PLYO and CYC HIIT are similarly effective for improving body composition, aerobic capacity, and muscle quality, whereas muscle function may express moderate decrements in recreationally active females. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05821504)
Impact of barrow entropy on geometrothermodynamics of specific black holes
Authors: Rani Shamaila , Jawad Abdul , Hussain Mazhar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study the effect of Barrow entropy on the thermodynamic properties and geometry of specific black holes along with the nonlinear source. We investigate the mass, temperature, thermodynamic variable, and electric potential of the black hole as well. Furthermore, we examine the behavior of heat capacity to check the stability of a black hole. Geometrothermodynamics allows us to describe interactions between thermodynamics, critical points, and phase transitions by considering the geometric characteristics of the thermodynamic equilibrium space. Our analysis demonstrates that these findings are consistent with the results derived from the classical thermodynamics of black holes.
$$\nu $$ Electroweak baryogenesis: the scalar singlet strikes back
Authors: Fernández-Martínez E. , López-Pavón J. , No J. M. , Ota T. , Rosauro-Alcaraz S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe perform a comprehensive scan of the parameter space of a general singlet scalar extension of the Standard Model to identify the regions which can lead to a strong first-order phase transition, as required by the electroweak baryogenesis mechanism. We find that taking into account bubble nucleation is a fundamental constraint on the parameter space and present a conservative and fast estimate for it so as to enable efficient parameter space scanning. The allowed regions turn out to be already significantly probed by constraints on the scalar mixing from Higgs signal strength measurements. We also consider the addition of new neutrino singlet fields with Yukawa couplings to both scalars and forming heavy (pseudo)-Dirac pairs, as in the linear or inverse Seesaw mechanisms for neutrino mass generation. We find that their inclusion does not alter the allowed parameter space from early universe phenomenology in a significant way. Conversely, there are allowed regions of the parameter space where the presence of the neutrino singlets would remarkably modify the collider phenomenology, yielding interesting new signatures in Higgs and singlet scalar decays.
Restorable Shortest Path Tiebreaking for Edge-Faulty Graphs
Authors: Bodwin Greg , Parter Merav 
Published: August 2023

The
restoration lemma
by Afek et al. [
3
] proves that, in an undirected unweighted graph, any replacement shortest path avoiding a failing edge can be expressed as the concatenation of two original shortest paths. However, the lemma is
tiebreaking-sensitive
: if one selects a particular canonical shortest path for each node pair, it is no longer guaranteed that one can build replacement paths by concatenating two
selected
shortest paths. They left as an open problem whether a method of shortest path tiebreaking with this desirable property is generally possible.

We settle this question affirmatively with the first general construction of
restorable tiebreaking schemes
. We then show applications to various problems in fault-tolerant network design. These include a faster algorithm for subset replacement paths, more efficient fault-tolerant (exact) distance labeling schemes, fault-tolerant subset distance preservers and + 4 additive spanners with improved sparsity, and fast distributed algorithms that construct these objects. For example, an almost immediate corollary of our restorable tiebreaking scheme is the first nontrivial distributed construction of sparse fault-tolerant distance preservers resilient to
three
faults.
Predictors of Responsiveness to GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Insulin-Treated Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gavigan Colleen , Donner Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Background. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are potent antihyperglycemic agents with beneficial effects on weight, cardiovascular, and renal outcomes. Physicians lack guidance as to which patients with insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes will respond best to GLP-1 RAs with respect to glycemic control, insulin dose reduction, and weight loss. This study evaluated the efficacy of GLP-1 RAs in patients with type 2 diabetes on insulin and patient factors that may predict a beneficial clinical response. Methods. Adults with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin who had a GLP-1 RA added to their regimen were evaluated retrospectively. Baseline parameters and outcomes at 3, 6, and 12 months were collected. Results. Among the 81 patients included, there was a mean reduction in hemoglobin A1C of 0.94% (SD, 0.26;

p
=
0.0007

), 0.40% (SD, 0.21;

p
=
0.0636

), and 0.58% (SD, 0.23,

p
=
0.0154

) at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively, following the addition of a GLP-1 RA. There was also a reduction in body weight noted at each time point. Baseline characteristics including BMI, duration of diabetes, and insulin requirement did not significantly affect A1C reduction when GLP-1 RA was added. At 3 months, patients with a random C-peptide that was normal (≥0.8 ng/ml) were significantly more likely to have discontinued insulin than those with random C-peptide that was low (<0.8 ng/ml) (11 of 23 vs. 0 of 7 patients,

p
=
0.029

). Conclusions. The addition of a GLP-1 RA reduced HbA1C, weight, and insulin requirements in this cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes on insulin. BMI, baseline insulin dose, and diabetes duration did not predict response. A C-peptide

level
≥
0.8

ng/ml predicted a beneficial response after 3 months of therapy.
GABA Regulates Electrical Activity and Tumor Initiation in Melanoma
Authors: Tagore Mohita , Hergenreder Emiliano , Perlee Sarah C. , Cruz Nelly M. , Menocal Laura , Suresh Shruthy , Chan Eric , Baron Maayan , Melendez Stephanie , Dave Asim , Chatila Walid K. , Nsengimana Jeremie , Koche Richard P. , Hollmann Travis J. , Ideker Trey , Studer Lorenz , Schietinger Andrea , White Richard M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Oncogenes can initiate tumors only in certain cellular contexts, which is referred to as oncogenic competence. In melanoma, whether cells in the microenvironment can endow such competence remains unclear. Using a combination of zebrafish transgenesis coupled with human tissues, we demonstrate that GABAergic signaling between keratinocytes and melanocytes promotes melanoma initiation by BRAFV600E. GABA is synthesized in melanoma cells, which then acts on GABA-A receptors in keratinocytes. Electron microscopy demonstrates specialized cell–cell junctions between keratinocytes and melanoma cells, and multielectrode array analysis shows that GABA acts to inhibit electrical activity in melanoma/keratinocyte cocultures. Genetic and pharmacologic perturbation of GABA synthesis abrogates melanoma initiation in vivo. These data suggest that GABAergic signaling across the skin microenvironment regulates the ability of oncogenes to initiate melanoma.

Significance:
This study shows evidence of GABA-mediated regulation of electrical activity between melanoma cells and keratinocytes, providing a new mechanism by which the microenvironment promotes tumor initiation. This provides insights into the role of the skin microenvironment in early melanomas while identifying GABA as a potential therapeutic target in melanoma.
See related commentary by Ceol, p. 2128.
This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 2109
Exercise as an Immune Boost: Mechanism-Driven Support for Lifestyle Interventions
Authors: Betof Warner Allison 
Published: August 2023

AbstractModifiable host factors have demonstrated promise to enhance responses to immunotherapy. In this issue, Savage et al. investigated the use of aerobic exercise to enhance antitumor immunity in a murine model of melanoma. They show that treadmill running improves tumor vasculature and alters both T-cell and myeloid-cell infiltration of the tumor via an ERK5-dependent mechanism, adding to the growing evidence supporting the immune-mediated antitumor effects of exercise.See related article by Savage et al., p. 1168 (3).