bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Holder pasteurization and UV-C irradiation on bacteriophage titres in human milk
Authors: Stinson Lisa F , Geddes Donna T , Furfaro Lucy L 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Human milk is the optimal nutrition source for infants and contains a complex mix of bioactive compounds and microorganisms. When unavailable, pasteurized donor milk may be provided, particularly to preterm infants. Holder pasteurization (HP) is typically implemented in human milk banks to prevent pathogen transmission. Given the impact of heat on milk bioactives, ultraviolet-C irradiation (UV-C) is an alternative being explored and has demonstrated effective bactericidal activity. In addition to bacteria, milk contains viruses, including primarily bacteriophages (phages) and which likely influence the developing bacterial microbiome of infants. However, the effect of pasteurization on human milk phages is unknown. This study assessed the effect of HP and UV-C on titres of exogenous bacteriophages inoculated into human milk. Ten donor human milk samples were tested in parallel with water controls. Milk samples or water controls were inoculated to a final concentration of 1 × 104 PFU/mL (±1 log) each of a thermotolerant Escherichia coli phage (T4) and a thermosensitive Staphylococcus aureus phage (BYJ20) and subjected to HP and UV-C treatments. UV-C inactivated both phages within milk and water controls, however, HP was ineffective against the thermotolerant T4 phages. Initial data suggest that UV-C treatment may eliminate phage with potential to affect preterm infant gut colonization. Further studies should extend this to other phages.
The Epidemiology and Societal Impact of Aging-Related Functional Limitations: A Looming Public Health Crisis
Authors: Newman Anne B 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Functional impairment and disability become increasingly common with aging. As more people are reaching old age, the number of people needing care will rise, creating a crisis of need for care. Population studies and clinical trials have demonstrated the importance of the detection of early loss of strength and walking speed in predicting disability and in designing interventions to prevent functional decline. There is a large societal burden linked to age-related disorders. Physical activity is to date the only intervention that has prevented disability in a long-term clinical trial, but is difficult to sustain. Novel interventions are needed to maintain function in late life.
Maladaptive Immune Activation in Age-Related Decline of Muscle Function
Authors: Montano Monty , Correa-de-Araujo Rosaly 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Age-related changes in immune competency and inflammation play a role in the decline of physical function. In this review of the conference on Function-Promoting Therapies held in March 2022, we discuss the biology of aging and geroscience with an emphasis on decline in physical function and the role of age-related changes in immune competence and inflammation. More recent studies in skeletal muscle and aging highlighting a crosstalk between skeletal muscle, neuromuscular feedback, and immune cell subsets are also discussed. The value of strategies targeting specific pathways that affect skeletal muscle and more systems-wide approaches that provide benefits in muscle homeostasis with aging are underscored. Goals in clinical trial design and the need for incorporating differences in life history when interpreting results from these intervention strategies are important. Where applicable, references are made to papers presented at the conference. We conclude by underscoring the need to incorporate age-related immune competency and inflammation when interpreting results from interventions that target specific pathways predicted to promote skeletal muscle function and tissue homeostasis.
Living Alone, Environmental Hazards, and Falls Among U.S. Older Adults
Authors: Lee Haena , Lim Justin H 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPhysical conditions of living environments can affect the incidence of falls; however, prior work has focused typically on 1 domain at a time—either neighborhood or home, capturing limited environmental boundaries of older adults. We examined how neighborhood together with the home environment affect the incidence of falls over time and whether living arrangement modifies the influence of the environmental risks on falls.Research Design and MethodsUsing the 2012–2020 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; N = 1,893), we fitted logistic regression to estimate the incidence of falls over an 8-year study period. We used the neighborhood and housing data that are collected systematically by trained observers in the HRS to assess environmental hazards. Sidewalk quality, neighborhood disorder, and the presence of green space were measured to capture outdoor environmental hazards. Indoor environmental hazards included the presence of housing decay and poorly maintained stairways. All models were stratified by living arrangement.ResultsNeighborhood and housing environment were independently associated with the odds of falls net of demographic characteristics and preexisting health conditions, and effects were significant for people living alone only. The presence of green space and poorly maintained stairways were associated with greater odds of falling, net of covariates during 8 years of follow-up (odds ratios = 2.10 and 2.65, p &lt; .05, respectively). None of the environmental risk factors were significant for those living with others.Discussion and ImplicationsFalls in old age may be determined in part by a combination of outdoor and indoor risk factors. More research is needed to understand pathways that lead to greater vulnerability among older adults living alone to environmental hazards.
The Threefold Path to Equity: Approaches for Health and Aging Researchers
Authors: Iveniuk James , Wilder Jocelyn , Monk Ellis 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The authors present a model for pursuing equity in research on health and aging, in terms of: (a) community-driven research governance, with reference to examples inside and outside of the United States, (b) a focus on policy change, where policy is defined broadly in terms of all legislative and regulatory change, and (c) equity-focused research practices, at the level of measurement, analysis, and study design. The model is visualized as a “threefold path” that researchers may walk, to achieve changes within our field, and changes in how we interface with other fields, and communities.
Endoscopic aortic valve surgery in isolated and concomitant procedures
Authors: Zoni Daniele , Cresce Giovanni Domenico , Hinna-Danesi Tommaso , Benvegnù Luciana , Poddi Salvatore , Gallo Michele , Sella Massimo , Salvador Loris 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate early outcomes of endoscopic aortic valve replacement (AVR) and risks of concomitant procedures done through the same working port.

METHODS
At our institution, we performed a data analysis of 342 consecutive patients (from July 2013 to May 2021) who underwent endoscopic AVR with or without associated major procedure. Preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative data were evaluated. Subsequently, we perform a comparative analysis between the isolated and concomitant surgery group. The surgical access was a 3- to 4-cm working port in the second right intercostal space and 3 additional 5-mm mini-ports for the introduction of the thoracoscope, the transthoracic clamp and the vent line. Cardiopulmonary by-pass was achieved through peripheral cannulation.

RESULTS
105 patients (30.7%) underwent combined procedure: 2 coronary artery bypass (1.9%), 21 ascending aorta replacement (19.6%), 41 mitral surgery (38.3%), 16 mitral and tricuspid surgery (15%) and 25 other procedure (27%). Death occurred in 1 patient (0.4%) in the isolated group versus 2 patients (1.9%) in the combined group (P = 0.175). Seven strokes were observed, 4 in isolated procedures (1.7%) and 3 in the concomitant ones (2.85%) (P = 0.481). Surgical revision for bleeding was performed always through the same access in 13 patients (5.4%) versus 11 patients (10.4%) (P = 0.096). Pacemaker implantation was necessary in 5 patients (2.1%) versus 8 patients (7.6%) (P = 0.014). Median intubation time was 5 (2) h vs 6 (8) (P &lt; 0.080).

CONCLUSIONS
Through a single working port made for endoscopic AVR, a concomitant procedure may be done without affecting in-hospital mortality and postoperative stroke rate.
Epidemiology of Burn Injuries Among Adult Females in Southern Iran; A Retrospective Study from 2007 to 2022
Authors: Akbar Mohammadi Ali , Goodarzian MReza , Parvar Seyedeh Yasamin , Rafiei Elham , Keshavarz Mohammad , Zardosht Mitra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Burn—by flame, flush, scald, electrical, and chemical types—accounts for 5%–12% of trauma injuries worldwide. In Iranian studies, females were the main victims of domestic burns with higher mortality and frequencies. This retrospective study evaluates the epidemiology and etiology of burn injuries in females aged 25–64 years between October 2007 and May 2022 in southern Iran.
Demographics and burn etiology information were collected by questionnaires at admission. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between variables and burn mortality. Pearson’s Chi-Square and One-way ANOVA tests were utilized to compare different burn etiologies.
Of 3212 females with burn injuries, 1499 (46.6%) were included with a mean age of 38.5 ± 10.8 years. Flame (59.7%) and flush (28.9%) were significantly the most common injuries mechanism. Burn was most common in rural areas (53.9%) and indoor settings (62.1%) (P-value &lt; .001). 77.9% of the population were under-diploma (P-value &lt; .001), and 3.5% were divorced with higher burn-suicide attempts. The mean Total Body Surface Area (TBSA%) was 41.1 ± 28.3%, and the mean Length of Stay (LOS) was 14.5 ± 13.2 days with a 39.1% mortality rate. With univariate and multivariate analysis, TBSA%, indoor places, flame, flush, and urban living were risk factors for burn mortality.
Briefly, flame in indoor settings is the most common type of burn injury affecting adult females with lower educational levels living in rural areas. Such epidemiological studies of burns in adult females may be helpful for health policymakers to develop burn prevention programs.
Influence of lipid extraction in the muscle tissue of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunidae) in the determination of δ13C and δ15N
Authors: Rosas-Luis Rigoberto , Cabanillas-Terán Nancy , Hernandez-Chavez Luis Ignacio 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Stable isotope analysis of δ13C and δ15N has been used in the description of the trophic ecology in marine organisms. This approach has been applied to various taxa including crustaceans. Pre-treatment of samples before isotope quantification is suggested for tissues with high lipid content, because lipids can affect the isotope concentrations. We focused on the isotope analysis of tissues of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidusRathbun, 1896) because it is a significant prey item for intermediate and top predators. We aimed to assess the isotope values produced by two lipid extraction methods and compare these results with values of samples which were not lipid-extracted. Results evidenced a negative relationship between Δδ13C and the C:N ratios, the C:N ratios explaining 98% of the variation in the Δδ13C. Regarding the SEAc results, the δ13C values showed more negative values after the lipid extraction Bligh and Dryer method, which indicates that this method is accurate for pre-treatment of samples before isotope quantification. These results highlighted the importance of lipid extraction before quantifying isotopes and enforces the need of pre-treatment of samples.
Surrogate modeling of the fan plot of a rotor system considering composite blades using convolutional neural networks with image composition
Authors: Noh Hong-Kyun , Lim Jae Hyuk , Lee Seungchul , Kim Taejoo , Kim Deog-Kwan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study proposes an image composition technique based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to construct a surrogate model for predicting fan plots of three-dimensional (3D) composite blades, which represent natural frequency lists at different rotational speeds. The proposed method composes critical 2D cross-section images to improve the accuracy of the model. Numerical examples with various compositions of cross-section images are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the CNN model. Additionally, gradient-weighted class activation mapping analysis is used to reveal the relationship between the internal structure of the blade and the fan plots. The study shows that using multiple images in the image composition technique improves the accuracy of the model compared to using single or fewer images. Overall, the proposed method provides a promising approach for predicting fan plots of 3D composite blades using CNN models.
Sound of Quantitative Metres in Medieval Hebrew Poetry
Authors: Kleiner Boris 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The conventional view of quantitative metres in medieval Hispano-Hebrew poetry confuses vowels and syllables. This is because it was syllable structure, rather than vowel typology, that produced the quantitative oppositions. Vocalic shewa was not a furtive but a regular short vowel; its syllable was light because it was not closed by a consonant. Heavy syllables were formed by closing consonants, replaceable by a long vowel, as in Arabic and other languages. Arabic metres could be used in Hebrew with no modification of their phonological basis. However, the quantitative prosody of Arabic poetry was the same as in Qurʾānic recitation, whereas its application to Hebrew contradicted the accentual prosody of the Bible. This appears to be the reason for the controversy surrounding the introduction of Arabic metrics into Hebrew poetry. Quantitative metres require only the focus on the articulatory structures to become audible. Musical durations and accents can corroborate the metre, but they can also be non-related without compromising metre perception.
Prevalence and Distribution of Known Associated Factors of Burnout among Military Personnel of Sri Lanka Army: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jothipala Dharshitha , Semage Saveen , Balasuriya Aindralal 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Burnout is a psychological condition that has a detrimental effect on occupational and mental health. The military is a known community that is vulnerable to burnout. Burnout risk may have increased over the past 10 years due to the accumulation of recognized burnout correlates in the Sri Lankan military context. Sri Lanka Army is acknowledged as the country’s main defense force to combat any impending threat. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize and control mental health issues like burnout. This study aims to describe the prevalence and distribution of recognized factors associated with burnout among Sri Lankan Army soldiers.

Materials and Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 1692 Army personnel to describe the known associated factor profile and prevalence of burnout. The multistage sampling method that contained random, cluster, and systematic sampling steps was used. Validated Maslach burnout inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) Sinhala version, Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (Brief-COPE), and a structured questionnaire on associated factors of burnout were included in a self-administered questionnaire. Sizes of each associated variable were calculated as frequency and percentage. Relevant central tendencies (mean or median) and distributions (confidence interval or interquartile range) of important variables were calculated. Crude and adjusted prevalence was calculated using validity properties obtained from prior criterion validity assessment.

Results
The response rate was 94% (n = 1490). The mean age was 30.7 (SD ± 6.23) years. The female participant percentage was 9.4% (n = 149). Half of participants (n = 813, 51.1%) were Lance corporals and Corporals. Nearly 80% (n = 1324, 83.2%) of study population gets less than Sri Lankan Rupees (SLR) 50,000 as final monthly salary, and three-fourth (n = 1187, 74.7%) did not have money savings. Faced difficulty because of resource deficiency (n = 1099, 69.1%), poor job control (n = 669, 42.1%), job ambiguity (n = 869, 55%), intention to leave (n = 842, 53%), and history of been absent (n = 298, 18.7%) were found to be much prevalent. The crude prevalence of probable burnout among military personnel of Sri Lanka Army was estimated to be 28% (95% CI, 23.13-32.87), and the adjusted prevalence of burnout was 23.2% (95% CI, 18.9-27.5).

Conclusion
High prevalence and high density of known associated factors of burnout would adversely influence the achievement of organizational goals of Sri Lanka Army. Early attention and proper action are strongly recommended.
Profile split of DIB 6196 in Sco OB2 association objects
Authors: Galazutdinov G A , Krełowski J 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
This paper describes the specific profile of the diffuse interstellar band (DIB) 6196 Å in objects belonging to the Sco OB2 association. The investigated feature is the narrowest known strong diffuse band. Reddened Sco OB2 association objects show slightly broadened and split (W-shaped) 6196 DIB profiles. The split cannot be explained by the presence of two (or more) clouds of different radial velocities along the line of sight because it is not observed in the much narrower identified atomic/molecular features. The observed DIB profile may (in some cases) be a composition of the band centre and its head of a still unknown molecule. Our estimation of the rotational temperature of C2 exhibits systematically higher values for objects with the observed split effect (Sco OB2 members). These split profiles are observed in both ζ and σ types of clouds, although in Sco OB2 objects only, suggesting that the phenomenon originates in some specific and currently unclear physical/chemical conditions inside the Sco OB2 association. It could be that a lower amount of small dust particles in Sco OB2 affects the flux of ultraviolet photons, providing a higher rotational temperature of DIB 6196 carriers, which is seen as a profile split.
Recruitment of transcription factor ETS1 to activated accessible regions promotes the transcriptional program of cilia genes
Authors: Zhang Donghui , Zhang Chong , Zhu Yanmei , Xie Haixia , Yue Caifeng , Li Mingfeng , Wei Wenlu , Peng Yu , Yin Guibin , Guo Yunmiao , Guan Yiting 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Defects in cilia genes, which are critical for cilia formation and function, can cause complicated ciliopathy syndromes involving multiple organs and tissues; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of the networks of cilia genes in ciliopathies remain enigmatic. Herein, we have uncovered the genome-wide redistribution of accessible chromatin regions and extensive alterations of expression of cilia genes during Ellis–van Creveld syndrome (EVC) ciliopathy pathogenesis. Mechanistically, the distinct EVC ciliopathy-activated accessible regions (CAAs) are shown to positively regulate robust changes in flanking cilia genes, which are a key requirement for cilia transcription in response to developmental signals. Moreover, a single transcription factor, ETS1, can be recruited to CAAs, leading to prominent chromatin accessibility reconstruction in EVC ciliopathy patients. In zebrafish, the collapse of CAAs driven by ets1 suppression subsequently causes defective cilia proteins, resulting in body curvature and pericardial oedema. Our results depict a dynamic landscape of chromatin accessibility in EVC ciliopathy patients, and uncover an insightful role for ETS1 in controlling the global transcriptional program of cilia genes by reprogramming the widespread chromatin state.
Highly active CRISPR-adaptation proteins revealed by a robust enrichment technology
Authors: Yosef Ido , Mahata Tridib , Goren Moran G , Degany Or J , Ben-Shem Adam , Qimron Udi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Natural prokaryotic defense via the CRISPR–Cas system requires spacer integration into the CRISPR array in a process called adaptation. To search for adaptation proteins with enhanced capabilities, we established a robust perpetual DNA packaging and transfer (PeDPaT) system that uses a strain of T7 phage to package plasmids and transfer them without killing the host, and then uses a different strain of T7 phage to repeat the cycle. We used PeDPaT to identify better adaptation proteins—Cas1 and Cas2—by enriching mutants that provide higher adaptation efficiency. We identified two mutant Cas1 proteins that show up to 10-fold enhanced adaptation in vivo. In vitro, one mutant has higher integration and DNA binding activities, and another has a higher disintegration activity compared to the wild-type Cas1. Lastly, we showed that their specificity for selecting a protospacer adjacent motif is decreased. The PeDPaT technology may be used for many robust screens requiring efficient and effortless DNA transduction.
Updated protein domain annotation of the PARP protein family sheds new light on biological function
Authors: Suskiewicz Marcin J , Munnur Deeksha , Strømland Øyvind , Yang Ji-Chun , Easton Laura E , Chatrin Chatrin , Zhu Kang , Baretić Domagoj , Goffinont Stéphane , Schuller Marion , Wu Wing-Fung , Elkins Jonathan M , Ahel Dragana , Sanyal Sumana , Neuhaus David , Ahel Ivan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
AlphaFold2 and related computational tools have greatly aided studies of structural biology through their ability to accurately predict protein structures. In the present work, we explored AF2 structural models of the 17 canonical members of the human PARP protein family and supplemented this analysis with new experiments and an overview of recent published data. PARP proteins are typically involved in the modification of proteins and nucleic acids through mono or poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, but this function can be modulated by the presence of various auxiliary protein domains. Our analysis provides a comprehensive view of the structured domains and long intrinsically disordered regions within human PARPs, offering a revised basis for understanding the function of these proteins. Among other functional insights, the study provides a model of PARP1 domain dynamics in the DNA-free and DNA-bound states and enhances the connection between ADP-ribosylation and RNA biology and between ADP-ribosylation and ubiquitin-like modifications by predicting putative RNA-binding domains and E2-related RWD domains in certain PARPs. In line with the bioinformatic analysis, we demonstrate for the first time PARP14’s RNA-binding capability and RNA ADP-ribosylation activity in vitro. While our insights align with existing experimental data and are probably accurate, they need further validation through experiments.