bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perpetuating Wage Inequality: Evidence from Salary History Bans
Authors: Bessen James , Denk Erich , Meng Chen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Pay gaps for women and minorities have persisted after accounting for observable differences. Why? If employers can access applicants’ salary histories while bargaining over wages, they can take advantage of past inequities, perpetuating inequality. Recently, a dozen US states have banned employer access to salary histories. We analyze the effects of these salary history bans (SHBs) on private employer wage posting and pay. We develop a theoretical model of firms’ choices between posting wages and bargaining, drawing out the implications of SHBs on wages for different groups of jobs. We then implement a comprehensive causal analysis in a difference-in-differences design. The results show that following SHBs, private employers posted wages more often and increased pay for job changers, particularly for women (6.2%) and non-whites (5.8%). There is also no evidence of adverse selection of workers overall or adverse employer reactions in the short run. Bargaining behavior and the use of salary histories appear to account for much of the persistence of residual wage gaps.
High-Resolution Soil Moisture—A European Airborne Campaign Using NASA Goddard’s Scanning L-Band Active Passive (SLAP)
Authors: Kim Edward , Wu Albert , Izadkhah Hessam , Abraham Saji 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A summer 2021 European airborne field campaign—the Land surface Interactions with the Atmosphere over the Iberian Semi-arid Environment (LIAISE) campaign—presented an opportunity to explore passive soil moisture sensing with footprints as small as 100x200m, contributing a key measurement to LIAISE and providing a valuable opportunity to gain detailed insight into the water/energy/carbon exchanges at such plot-scale resolution over a 17 x 5 km area.
NASA Goddard’s Scanning L-band Active Passive (SLAP) sensor—an airborne simulator of the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite—made nine soil moisture flights near Lleida, Spain during 15—29 July. Soil moisture imagery and histograms demonstrate sensitivity to spatial and temporal patterns spanning irrigated and non-irrigated areas and their response to both irrigation and precipitation events followed by drydowns.
Comparisons with point-scale ground truth at two sites–one within the irrigated zone and one in the non-irrigated zone–are good. Soil moisture differences are within the error bars of the ground truth values and within one standard deviation of the SLAP moisture values except for the afternoon flight of July 24. The overly dry retrieved values of that flight were likely the result of the extremely dry surface conditions and the simplified uniform ancillary data values used for this analysis. Future analyses using higher-fidelity ancillary data will explore these differences.
Diverse arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi species associated with indigenous trees in a natural forest
Authors: Beyene Belay Berza , Kebede Jemal Yimer , Pagano Marcela claudio , Tuji Fassil Assefa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn terrestrial ecosystems, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) helps land plants in nutrient uptake and protect them against abiotic and abiotic stresses. It is important to study the AMF-plant relationship to fully realize the beneficial potential to support establishment, growth and maintenance of mycorrhizal plants in different ecosystems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the diversity, abundance and population densities of AMF and quantify root colonization of the indigenous trees in Munessa forest. To this end, composite soil samples and fine roots were collected from seven dominant indigenous trees within 10 m x10 m plots in the forest. AMF spores were extracted for taxonomic identification and root colonization with AMF structures was determined for each trees. A total of 39 AMF species (morphotypes) belonging to 10 genera were recovered.Glomuswas the most dominant genus followed byAcaulospora. The highest genus richness was recorded fromCroton macrostachyus(9). Mean AMF spore density was significantly different (p < 0.05) among indigenous trees, ranging from 860 spores/100 g of dry soil underAlbizia shimperianato 2830 spores/100 g of dry soil underPouteria adolfiifriedericii. The highest root hyphal colonization was observed inMillettia ferruginea(71%) andPodocarpus falcatus(64%), respectively.Albizia shimperianawas the least colonized tree (44%). AMF spore density was positively correlated with soil available phosphorus (p < 0.05). Extensive studies are required to select AMF inocula for plant growth promotion and recruitment of tree seedlings for plantation and, restoration of forest vegetation and rehabilitation of degraded and dry lands.
Longitudinal Analysis of the Impacts of Urogenital Schistosomiasis on the Gut microbiota of Adolescents in Nigeria
Authors: Ajibola Olumide , Penumutchu Swathi , Gulumbe Bashar , Aminu Uzairu , Belenky Peter 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The gut microbiome is important for many host physiological processes and helminths and these interactions may lead to microbial changes. We carried out a longitudinal study of the impacts of S. haematobium infection on the gut microbiome of adolescents (11-15 years) in northern Nigeria pre and post praziquantel treatment. Using 16S sequencing a total of 267 DNA from faecal samples of infected versus uninfected adolescents were amplified and sequenced on an Illumina Miseq. We assessed the diversity of the taxa using alpha diversity metrices and observed that using Shannon index we obtained significant differences when we compared infected samples at 3, 9 and 12 months to baseline uninfected controls (P= <0.0001, P=0.0342 and P=0.0003 respectively). Microbial community composition analysis revealed that there were only significant differences at 3, 9 and 12 months (P=0.001, P=0.001, P=0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). We also demonstrated that the effects of the infection on the gut was more significant than praziquantel. Overall, our data suggests that S. haematobium, a non-gut resident parasite has indirect interactions with the gut. The bacterial taxa changes we have identified opens up the opportunity to investigate their role in human health, especially in urogenital schistosomiasis endemic communities.
Microbial community composition of food waste before anaerobic digestion
Authors: Tang Linjie , O’Dwyer Jack , Kimyon Önder , Manefield Michael J 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is widely used to process and recover value from food waste. Commercial food waste anaerobic digestion facilities seek improvements in process efficiency to enable higher throughput. There is limited information on the composition of microbial communities in food waste prior to digestion, limiting rational exploitation of the catalytic potential of microorganisms in pretreatment processes. To address this knowledge gap, bacterial and fungal communities in food waste samples from a commercial anaerobic digestion facility were characterised over three months. The abundance of 16S rRNA bacterial genes was approximately five orders of magnitude higher than the abundance of the fungal intergenic spacer (ITS) sequence, suggesting the numerical dominance of bacteria over fungi in food waste before anaerobic digestion. Evidence for the mass proliferation of bacteria in food waste during storage prior to anaerobic digestion is presented. The composition of the bacterial community shows variation over time, but lineages within the Lactobacillaceae family are consistently dominant. Nitrogen content and pH are correlated to community variation. These findings form a foundation for understanding the microbial ecology of food waste and provide opportunities to further improve the throughput of anaerobic digestion.
Deep Generative Models of Protein Structure: A Method to Uncover Distant Relationships Across a Continuous Fold Space
Authors: Mura Cameron , Draizen Eli , Veretnik Stella , Bourne Philip 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Our views of fold space implicitly rest upon many assumptions that impact how we analyze, interpret and understand biological systems—from protein structure comparison and classification to function prediction and evolutionary analyses. For instance, is there an optimal granularity at which to view protein structural similarities (e.g., architecture, topology or some other level)? If so, how does it vary with the type of question being asked? Similarly, the discrete/continuous dichotomy of fold space is central in structural bioinformatics, but remains unresolved. Discrete views of fold space bin ‘similar’ folds into distinct, non-overlapping groups; unfortunately, such binning may inherently miss many remote relationships. While hierarchical databases like CATH, SCOP and ECOD represent major steps forward in protein classification, a scalable, objective and conceptually flexible method, with less reliance on assumptions and heuristics, could enable a more systematic and nuanced exploration of fold space, particularly as regards evolutionarily-distant relationships. Building upon a recent ‘Urfold’ model of protein structure, we have developed a new approach to analyze protein structure relationships. Termed ‘DeepUrfold’, this method is rooted in deep generative modeling via variational Bayesian inference, and we find it to be useful for comparative analysis across the protein universe. Critically, DeepUrfold leverages its deep generative model’s embeddings, which represent a distilled, lower-dimensional space of a given protein and its amalgamation of sequence, structure and biophysical properties. Notably, DeepUrfold is structure-guided, versus being purely structure-based, and its architecture allows each trained model to learn protein features (structural and otherwise) that, in a sense, ‘define’ different superfamilies. Deploying DeepUrfold with CATH suggests a new, mostly-continuous view of fold space—a view that extends beyond simple 3D structural/geometric similarity, towards the realm of integrated sequence↔structure↔function properties. We find that such an approach can quantitatively represent and detect evolutionarily-remote relationships that evade existing methods.
Cognitive decline as the main manifestation of diabetic striatal disease but without involuntary movements: a case report
Authors: He Li , YiRan Cheng , Wei Tang , YiBin HU , GeHui Jia , Tong Wu , KangFeng Wang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Diabetic striatopathy (DS) is a rare central nervous system complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized mainly by non-ketotic hyperglycemia and lateralized involuntary movements. Patients with diabetic striatopathy manifested solely by subacute cognitive decline were rarely reported. In this paper, we report a patient with DS who presented solely with subacute cognitive decline without involuntary movements, and cranial CT showed bilateral high density in the basal ganglia. In contrast, SWI showed microhemorrhages in the right caudate nucleus head. After one week of treatment, including glycemic control, the patient showed significant improvement in cognitive function, while a repeat cranial CT showed improved hyperdensity in the right basal ganglia region. 1 month later, at telephone follow-up, the patient's symptoms did not recur.
Type III CRISPR-Cas effectors act as protein-assisted ribozymes during RNA cleavage
Authors: Taylor David , Schwartz Evan , Bravo Jack , Ahsan Mohd , Macias Luis , McCafferty Caitlyn , Dangerfield Tyler , Walker Jada , Brodbelt Jennifer , Palermo Giulia , Fineran Peter , Fagerlund Robert 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

CRISPR-Cas systems are an adaptive immune system in bacteria and archaea that utilize CRISPR RNA-guided surveillance complexes to target complementary RNA or DNA for destruction. Target RNA cleavage at regular intervals is characteristic of type III effector complexes; however, the mechanism has remained enigmatic. Here, we determine the structures of the Synechocystis type III-Dv complex, an evolutionary intermediate in type III effectors, in pre- and post-cleavage states, which show metal ion coordination in the active sites. Using structural, biochemical, and quantum/classical molecular dynamics simulation, we reveal the structure and dynamics of the three catalytic sites, where a 2’-OH of the ribose on the target RNA acts as a nucleophile for in line self-cleavage of the upstream scissile phosphate. Strikingly, the arrangement at the catalytic residues of most type III complexes resembles the active site of ribozymes, including the hammerhead, pistol, and Varkud satellite ribozymes. Thus, type III CRISPR-Cas complexes function as protein-assisted ribozymes, and their programmable nature has important implications for how these complexes could be repurposed for applications.
Automatic Identification Method of Bridge Structure Damage Area Based on Digital Image
Authors: WANG Jinchao , LIU Houcheng , HAN Zengqiang , WANG Yiteng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
It is of great scientific and practical value to use effective technical means to monitor and warn the structural damage of bridges in real time and for a long time. In order to solve the shortcomings of automatic identification and parameter acquisition of bridge structure digital images, this paper proposes an automatic identification method of bridge structure damage area based on digital images, which effectively realizes the contour carving and quantitative characterization of bridge structure damage area. Firstly, the digital image features of the bridge structure damage area are defined. By making full use of the feature that the pixel value of the damaged area is obviously different from that of the surrounding image, an image pre-processing method of the structure damaged area that can effectively improve the quality of the field shot image is proposed. Then, an improved Ostu method is proposed to organically fuse the global and local threshold features of the image to achieve the damaged area contour carving of the bridge structure surface image. The scale of damage area, the proportion of damage area and the calculation rule of damage area orientation are constructed, and the key inspection and characteristic parameter diagnosis of bridge structure damage area are realized. Finally, the test and analysis are carried out in combination with an actual project case. The results show that the method proposed in this paper is feasible and stable, which can improve the damage area measurement accuracy of the current bridge structure. The method can provide more data support for the detection and maintenance of the bridge structure.
Assessment of ovarian reserve by biomarkers in female patients with primary APS, SLE-associated APS and SLE
Authors: Xu Xiao-ping , Wang Hua-bin , Wu Jun-Qi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the ovarian reserve (OR) in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), and to determine the association between OR and clinical and laboratory parameters.Methods We compared the antral follicle count (AFC) and blood parameters of patients who were diagnosed with APS or SLE but had not yet been treated. We compared the presence of anticardiolipin antibody, and concentrations of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), inhibin B (INHB), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P), testosterone (T), and estradiol (E2) among patients with primary APS(PAPS), SLE-associated APS, and SLE who were treated at Jinhua Central Hospital between 2017 and 2020. We also conducted correlations and logistic regression analyses to identify the risk factors of OR failure in women with APS.Results Serum AMH levels were positively correlated with AFC and INHB levels in APS patients, and low AMH and high LH were independent risk factor for OR decline in APS patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve also showed a high accuracy for AMH in the prediction of OR failure. Compared to healthy subjects (HS), patients with PAPS, SLE-APS, and SLE exhibited lower serum AMH, AFC, INHB, and E2 levels and higher FSH and LH levels (P < 0.05). Of all the patients, those with SLE-APS manifested the lowest serum AMH, AFC, INHB, and E2 levels and the highest FSH and LH levels (P < 0.05).Conclusions APS and SLE patients showed lower indications of OR, including AFC, AMH and LH, compared to HS. SLE-APS patients also appeared to have a lower OR than either SLE or PAPS patients. We noted that the low E2 levels in APS and SLE patients on day 3 of the menstrual cycle were not able to inhibit FSH release.
Ectomycorrhizal synthesis between four Bolete species and two kinds of trees
Authors: Qianwen TAN , Lunhe YOU , Chen HAO , Jianrui WANG , Yu LIU 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The cultivation of Bolete has very high economic value and ecological value. In order to select suitable symbionts for cultivation, we conducted greenhouse-based mycorrhizal experiments on four boletes(Suillus bovinus, Suillus luteus, Suillus grevillei and Retiboletus sinensis) and two plants(Pinus thunbergii and Quercus acutissima). All plant seedlings were either inoculated or not inoculated with the four Bolete liquid strains. Three months after inoculation, Suillus bovinus, Suillus luteus, Suillus grevillei and Retiboletus sinensis ectomycorrhizae were successfully formed on these two tree species, as evidenced by both morphological and molecular analyses. The mycorrhizal infection rate of all plants reached 40–55%, and the morphology of mycorrhiza is determined by the type of host plant and has nothing to do with the species of Bolete. Subsequently, plant growth, photosynthesis and endogenous hormone secretion were evaluated, mainly affected by host species. The infection of four boletes significantly promoted the growth and photosynthesis rate of host plants, the secretion of IAA, ZT and GA increased, and ABA decreased significantly. In addition, we found IAA in the fermentation broth of four kinds of Bolete. And Retiboletus sinensis can differentiate fruiting bodies by artificial pure culture.
Evaluation of the association between tongue posture and the transverse dental compensation in Class III skeletal patients – a retrospective, record-based study
Authors: Balaji Mayithiri , Shetty Siddarth , M.V Ashith , Singh Amoli , Kumar Harshit Atul 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective: Assess association between tongue posture and transverse dental compensation pattern of teeth in Class III skeletal patients and compare above association between skeletal Class III and Class I patients.
Materials & Methods: Records of 126 subjects containing Skeletal Class I subjects as control group (n = 63) and Skeletal Class III patients as experimental group (n = 63) were taken. Tongue-to-palate distance was measured on lateral cephalograms. Buccolingual inclinations were measured on CBCT coronal section as angle between reference plane (line perpendicular to buccal and lingual crest of alveolar bone) and long axis of tooth.
Results: In skeletal Class III malocclusion, significant results were found. Degree of buccal tipping of 17, 15, 14, 27, 25, 24 & Tongue to Palate distance at D3 and D4 shows a significant positive correlation with p value of <0.001. Moderate correlation was seen between parameters degree of lingual tipping of molars and premolars with tongue to palate distance at D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5.
Conclusions: Based on observations, in Skeletal Class III subjects,
a) Tongue assumes a lower and more anterior position.
b) Tongue to palate distance is increased at positions D2 – D5.
c) Lingual tipping of mandibular posterior teeth was not as significant.
Clinical Relevance: Strong association exists between tongue forces and the buccal flaring of maxillary posterior teeth.
Experimental study on dynamic mechanical properties of clay under different water contents and compaction degrees
Authors: Shi Benjun , Liu Jiagui , Ding Yuqing , Li Tianrui , Li Jie , Li Gan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The effects of water content, compaction, and strain rate on the dynamic mechanics of clay soils are key issues in underground blasting excavation. Dynamic compressive stress-strain curves of clay with the interaction of water content, strain rate and compaction were obtained using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). The results showed that the kinetic properties (uniaxial compressive strength and DIF) of clay with high water content were more sensitive to the strain rate, and increasing the water content weakened the uniaxial compressive strength of clay, while increasing the compaction usually increased the uniaxial compressive strength of clay. SAE increases exponentially with increasing strain rate, and water content variation has a greater effect on SAE than compaction. Based on the measured test data, the empirical equations between the dimensionless lateral limit uniaxial compressive strength and the strain rate, water content and compaction were obtained by the dimensional analysis.
Porous Carboxymethyl Cellulose Nanocrystalline Imprinted Composite Aerogels for Selective Adsorption of Gadolinium
Authors: Li Ang , Zheng Xudong , Ji Biao , Xu Tongtong , Mei Jinfeng , Zhou Man , Li Zhongyu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Gadolinium is widely applied in medical and high-tech materials because of special magnetic properties. Recovery of gadolinium from waste rare earth products has both economic and environmental value. In this experiment, honeycomb porous composite aerogels were constructed using silk gliadin and sodium alginate mixed with functionally modified carboxymethylated cellulose nanocrystals for the adsorption and separation of gadolinium ions. There were large numbers of carboxyl groups as well as hydroxyl groups existing on the surface of sodium alginate and filamentous protein, which provided more sites for the adsorption of gadolinium ions. Besides, a stable honeycomb structure appeared on the surface of composite aerogels when the mixture of filamentous protein and sodium alginate was 1:1, which increased the specific surface area of materials to 140.65 m2 g− 1. Additionally, the imprinted composite aerogels Ic-CNCs/SSA were prepared by virtue of the imprinting technology, enhancing the adsorption selectivity of composite aerogels for gadolinium. The adsorption experiments revealed that the maximum adsorption capacity of Ic-CNCs/SSA reached 93.41 mg g− 1 at pH 7.0, indicating good selective adsorption of gadolinium ions. In summary, such composite aerogels provide great potential and reference value for the selective adsorption of gadolinium ions in industry.