bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studying some elicited verbal prosodic patterns in Egyptian children
Authors: Bahgat Maged B. A. , Khaled Ashraf M. , Aziz Azza Adel , Osman Dalia M. , Azab Safinaz N. 
Published: September 2023

EnAbstract
Background
Despite the large number of native Arabic speakers, Arabic prosodic skills have not been studied thoroughly.

Objectives
This study aimed to examine the perceptual judgment and acoustic characteristics of some elicited verbal prosodic patterns in a group of typically developing Egyptian children aged 2 years 2 months through 5 years 11 months in order to aid in the early identification of prosodic impairment in this age group.

Participants and methods
The sample included 40 healthy typically developing Egyptian children aged 2 years 2 months through 5 years 11 months old. Participants were divided into two groups: group I included 20 children aged 2 years 2 months to 3 years 11 months old. Group II included 20 children aged 4 years 2 months to 5 years 11 months old.
The prosodic patterns studied included socioaffective as well as grammatical patterns. The prosody of each elicited response was perceptually studied and acoustically analyzed. The results obtained were analyzed statistically using comparative and correlation studies.

Results
(a) Significant differences were found between the two groups with respect to the perceptual scores of all the prosodic patterns studied, except resentment and interrogative patterns. (b) Significant differences were found between the two groups with respect to acoustic values. (c) For all the studied parameters, no significant differences were found between males and females. (d) The highest mean perceptual score obtained by the studied group was that obtained for the interrogative pattern, whereas the lowest ones obtained were for exception and warning patterns. (e) A significant positive correlation was found between age and the Total Perceptual Prosodic Scores (TPPS). (f) A significant negative correlation was found between duration and most of the perceptual scores. (g) A significant positive correlation was found between frequency and most of the perceptual scores. (h) A significant positive correlation was found between energy and most of the perceptual scores.

Conclusion
(a) The production of different Arabic prosodic patterns is associated with changes in frequency, duration, and energy. (b) The easiest prosodic patterns to be imitated by children are the interrogative and resentment patterns, whereas the most difficult ones were the exception, disapproval, and warning patterns. (c) Elicited prosodic patterns do not differ with sex in children.
Language assessment in Egyptian children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Shoeib Rasha M. , Said Nithreen M. , Farid Samar M. 
Published: September 2023

EnAbstractBackgroundSickle cell disease (SCD) is a blood disorder; however, the central nervous system is one of the organs frequently affected by the disease. Brain insult can begin early in life and often leads to neurocognitive dysfunction. The progression of central nervous system abnormalities in SCD and its effect on language development have not been fully delineated.AimTo determine the effect of SCD on language development in Egyptian children with SCD in order to delineate this group as a possible high-risk group for language disorders. In this way, further proper assessment of these children will aid the initiation of an early intervention and prevention of these problems.Participants and methodsA total of 24 children with SCD were subjected to the language assessment protocol of Ain Shams University Hospitals. These patients underwent language testing using the Standardized Arabic Language Test and hearing assessment including a basic audiological assessment and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) testing. The results obtained from this group were compared with the results of 17 normal children who were subjected to the same assessment protocol.ResultsThe results of this study showed that the age of acquisition of both the first word and sentence was significantly delayed in children with SCD than their control group. The scores of intelligence quotient and language parameters were significantly lower in the group of children with SCD. The language age deficit was significantly higher in the SCD group than the control group. The expressive language abilities and pragmatics were significantly lower than semantics and receptive abilities in children with SCD. The age of onset of the disease and number of vaso-occlusive crisis showed a significant correlation with the intelligence quotient score and all the language parameters. In terms of audiological assessment, all children of both groups had normal audiograms and tympanograms, but the group of children with SCD showed reduced TEOAEs echo levels in comparison with their control. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between TEOAEs echo levels and language parameters in children with SCD.ConclusionSCD is considered as one of the important risk factor that can affect proper language development. Therefore, long-term follow-up of these children is necessary to detect deficits early in life to prevent delayed language development and poor academic achievement.
Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage due to factor XIII deficiency
Authors: Albahkaly Sameer , Alkhunaizi Arwa , Makki Fawaz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFactor XIII deficiency is a very rare disorder, which represents a significant threat to life and can result in significant morbidity. Factor XIII is the final enzyme in the coagulation cascade and is essential for normal homeostasis. There is a very high rate of bleeding in patients who do not receive appropriate prophylaxis. We report a case of patient who presented with profuse secondary post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage few days after the operation.
Development of an Arabic speech intelligibility test for children
Authors: Bassiouny Samia E. , Hegazi Mona A. , Nassar Jilan F. , Ibrahim Mohsen A. , Saber Aml S. , Hamid Ahmed Abdel 
Published: September 2023

EnAbstract
Objectives
Speech intelligibility is usually expressed as a percentage of spoken words, sentences, or phonemes correctly identified by a listener or a group of listeners when spoken by a talker or a number of talkers. Communicative disorders could have a deleterious effect on speech intelligibility. To date, there are no Arabic tests measuring speech intelligibility.

Aim
It is necessary to develop and standardize an objective Arabic speech intelligibility test that can be used to estimate the degree of deterioration of speech intelligibility in communicative disorders as an attempt to develop a valid and a reliable tool to assess the efficacy of different therapy programs for different communicative disorders.

Patients and methods
This study was carried out on 200 children with an age range of 4–12 years whose language skills were either fully developed or equivalent for age. All children were selected randomly from the outpatient clinic of phoniatrics and had any of five selected speech disorders affecting speech intelligibility. Each child included in the study was subjected to two evaluations: a subjective rating of the child’s speech intelligibility and the developed Arabic speech intelligibility test, which is meant to be an objective measure.

Results
The results showed a highly significant correlation between the scores of the Arabic speech intelligibility test and the average scores given by raters, the average scores for words, and the average scores for sentences (0.92, 0.98, and 0.84, respectively).

Conclusion
The developed test is proven to be valid and reliable for measuring speech intelligibility in children and could be categorically classified according to ranges of severity.
Posterior scoring pinnaplasty for correction of prominent ears
Authors: Mottaleb Mamdouh S. A. , Ashour Baher M. B. 
Published: September 2023

EnAbstractAim of workIn this study, we present our experience with correction of prominent ears by posterior scoring only without elevation of the anterior perichondrium of the auricle.RationaleBy avoiding an anterior subperichondrial flap, we managed to reduce operative time, convalescence, and complications, with no effect on postoperative outcome.
Functional outcome of the facial nerve paralysis after late surgical decompression in otic capsule-sparing fracture
Authors: Aboud Saleh K. , Aini AbAziz , Abdullah Asma 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTemporal bone fracture (TBF) following head trauma is a well-known cause of facial nerve paralysis (FNP) and almost 22% of all skull fractures are TBF. It has been estimated that 25–70% of TBF are associated with FNP and otic capsule-violating fracture of the petrous portion of the temporal bone is more commonly associated with FNP, although otic capsule-sparing fracture is more common. (a) The incidence of FNP is reported to be 10–25% of otic capsule-sparing fracture. (b) With otic capsule-sparing fractures, FNP is often delayed 2–3 days, and is incomplete and temporary, with good recovery during a period of 6–8 weeks. Most clinicians seldom consider a surgical intervention in delayed FNP; however, surgical exploration may be required for complete recovery. The optimal timing for surgical exploration of traumatic FNP to best preserve facial function is currently controversial. Decompression surgery still has a beneficial effect if performed within 14 days of injury. However, late exploratory surgery is recommended in patients who do not experience recovery of facial nerve function, patients who cannot be operated on early, and who present 1–3 months after TBF with more than 95% denervation on electroneurography. Here, we report a case of delayed-onset FNP of otic capsule-sparing fracture with an excellent outcome after late surgical decompression at 6 months after trauma.
Assessment of the paraglottic space in supracricoid laryngectomy
Authors: AbdelRaouf Mahmoud , Mansy Magdy M. , Raafat Sherif A. , Elsharkawy Louay , AbdelTawab Hazem M. 
Published: September 2023

EnAbstractBackgroundSupracricoid laryngectomy (SCL) is largely affected by invasion of the tumor into the paraglottic space.Aim of the workThe aim of this study was to histopathologically examine whether SCL provides adequate safety margins in terms of the paraglottic space or not.Patients and methodsA prospective study was carried out on 20 patients with advanced cancer larynx staged as T2b, T3 and cases with failed radiotherapy where SCL was performed, followed by whole-organ transverse sections of the specimens to evaluate the relation of the tumor to the paraglottic space.ResultsThe local success rate in this study was 90%; one case showed infiltrated surgical margins and the other showed local recurrence 6 months after the operation.ConclusionSCL allows for a safe enbloc resection of a malignant tumor in the larynx with complete resection of the paraglottic space. A safety margin of at least 4 mm is needed to eradicate the tumor as revealed by the whole-organ section technique.
Comparative sequence analysis elucidates the evolutionary patterns of Yersinia pestis in New Mexico over thirty-two years
Authors: Warren Mary E. , Pickett Brett E. , Adams Byron J. , Villalva Crystal , Applegate Alyssa , Robison Richard A. 
Published: September 2023

Background
Yersinia pestis, a Gram-negative bacterium, is the causative agent of plague. Y. pestis is a zoonotic pathogen that occasionally infects humans and became endemic in the western United States after spreading from California in 1899.

Methods
To better understand evolutionary patterns in Y. pestis from the southwestern United States, we sequenced and analyzed 22 novel genomes from New Mexico. Analytical methods included, assembly, multiple sequences alignment, phylogenetic tree reconstruction, genotype-phenotype correlation, and selection pressure.

Results
We identified four genes, including Yscp and locus tag YPO3944, which contained codons undergoing negative selection. We also observed 42 nucleotide sites displaying a statistically significant skew in the observed residue distribution based on the year of isolation. Overall, the three genes with the most statistically significant variations that associated with metadata for these isolates were sapA, fliC, and argD. Phylogenetic analyses point to a single introduction of Y. pestis into the United States with two subsequent, independent movements into New Mexico. Taken together, these analyses shed light on the evolutionary history of this pathogen in the southwestern US over a focused time range and confirm a single origin and introduction into North America.
Suicide Risks of Health Care Workers in the US
Authors: Olfson Mark , Cosgrove Candace M. , Wall Melanie M. , Blanco Carlos 
Published: September 2023

ImportanceHistorically elevated risks of suicide among physicians may have declined in recent decades. Yet there remains a paucity of information concerning suicide risks among other health care workers.ObjectiveTo estimate risks of death by suicide among US health care workers.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCohort study of a nationally representative sample of workers from the 2008 American Community Survey (N = 1 842 000) linked to National Death Index records through December 31, 2019.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAge- and sex-standardized suicide rates were estimated for 6 health care worker groups (physicians, registered nurses, other health care–diagnosing or treating practitioners, health technicians, health care support workers, social/behavioral health workers) and non–health care workers. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of suicide for health care workers compared with non–health care workers using adjusted HRs for age, sex, race and ethnicity, marital status, education, and urban or rural residence.ResultsAnnual standardized suicide rates per 100 000 persons (median age, 44 [IQR, 35-53] years; 32.4% female [among physicians] to 91.1% [among registered nurses]) were 21.4 (95% CI, 15.4-27.4) for health care support workers, 16.0 (95% CI, 9.4-22.6) for registered nurses, 15.6 (95% CI, 10.9-20.4) for health technicians, 13.1 (95% CI, 7.9-18.2) for physicians, 10.1 (95% CI, 6.0-14.3) for social/behavioral health workers, 7.6 (95% CI, 3.7-11.5) for other health care–diagnosing or treating practitioners, and 12.6 (95% CI, 12.1-13.1) for non–health care workers. The adjusted hazards of suicide were increased for health care workers overall (adjusted HR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.13-1.54]), health care support workers (adjusted HR, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.35-2.42]), registered nurses (adjusted HR, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.21-2.23]), and health technicians (adjusted HR, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.02-1.89]), but adjusted hazards of suicide were not increased for physicians (adjusted HR, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.71-1.72]), social/behavioral health workers (adjusted HR, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.75-1.72]), or other health care–diagnosing or treating practitioners (adjusted HR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.36-1.03) compared with non–health care workers (reference).ConclusionsRelative to non–health care workers, registered nurses, health technicians, and health care support workers in the US were at increased risk of suicide. New programmatic efforts are needed to protect the mental health of these US health care workers.
Alcohol Use and Sustained Virologic Response to Hepatitis C Virus Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy
Authors: Cartwright Emily J. , Pierret Chloe , Minassian Caroline , Esserman Denise A. , Tate Janet P. , Goetz Matthew B. , Bhattacharya Debika , Fiellin David A. , Justice Amy C. , Lo Re Vincent , Rentsch Christopher T. 
Published: September 2023

ImportanceSome payers and clinicians require alcohol abstinence to receive direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether alcohol use at DAA treatment initiation is associated with decreased likelihood of sustained virologic response (SVR).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used electronic health records from the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the largest integrated national health care system that provides unrestricted access to HCV treatment. Participants included all patients born between 1945 and 1965 who were dispensed DAA therapy between January 1, 2014, and June 30, 2018. Data analysis was completed in November 2020 with updated sensitivity analyses performed in 2023.ExposureAlcohol use categories were generated using responses to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption (AUDIT-C) questionnaire and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision diagnoses for alcohol use disorder (AUD): abstinent without history of AUD, abstinent with history of AUD, lower-risk consumption, moderate-risk consumption, and high-risk consumption or AUD.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was SVR, which was defined as undetectable HCV RNA for 12 weeks or longer after completion of DAA therapy. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs of SVR associated with alcohol category.ResultsAmong 69 229 patients who initiated DAA therapy (mean [SD] age, 62.6 [4.5] years; 67 150 men [97.0%]; 34 655 non-Hispanic White individuals [50.1%]; 28 094 non-Hispanic Black individuals [40.6%]; 58 477 individuals [84.5%] with HCV genotype 1), 65 355 (94.4%) achieved SVR. A total of 32 290 individuals (46.6%) were abstinent without AUD, 9192 (13.3%) were abstinent with AUD, 13 415 (19.4%) had lower-risk consumption, 3117 (4.5%) had moderate-risk consumption, and 11 215 (16.2%) had high-risk consumption or AUD. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, there was no difference in SVR across alcohol use categories, even for patients with high-risk consumption or AUD (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.85-1.07). There was no evidence of interaction by stage of hepatic fibrosis measured by fibrosis-4 score (P for interaction = .30).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, alcohol use and AUD were not associated with lower odds of SVR. Restricting access to DAA therapy according to alcohol use creates an unnecessary barrier to patients and challenges HCV elimination goals.
Practice Analysis and Determining the Knowledge and Skills Expected of a Pediatric Rheumatologist
Authors: Brucia Robert C. , Hayward Kristen , Brunner Hermine I. , Lopez‐Pena Maricarmen , Shenoi Susan , Soybilgic Arzu , Nocton James J. 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveThe scope of clinical practice of pediatric rheumatology has been difficult to define. The lack of definition prevents an accurate understanding of the knowledge and skills required of practicing pediatric rheumatologists. A practice analysis process was used with the goal of establishing a precise definition of clinical pediatric rheumatology practice. The definition of practice will improve training and the creation of relevant certification examinations.MethodsA practice analysis approach used meetings with a representative panel of pediatric rheumatologists to create a practice analysis document (PAD) and a test content outline (TCO). Panel experience, entrustable professional activities, and the current TCO were used to guide the process. Surveys were administered to fellowship program directors (PDs) and a broader group of practicing pediatric rheumatologists to revise and validate the content of the documents.ResultsA PAD was created, including 14 categories of conditions diagnosed or managed by pediatric rheumatologists and eight domains of practice, with the tasks, knowledge, and skills required to perform these tasks. The survey of PDs (n = 10) indicated that the PAD content is important and useful. A TCO was created and consists of 18 domains used to define content areas to be assessed on certifying examinations. The survey of practicing pediatric rheumatologists (n = 127) indicated that the TCO domains are relevant.ConclusionA practice analysis process produced valuable resources for defining the clinical practice of pediatric rheumatology. The PAD and TCO can be used to develop more specific training curricula and to create relevant certification examinations.
Macrophage Membrane‐Coated, Nanostructured Adsorbent Surfaces in a Microfluidic Device for Extracorporeal Blood Cleansing in Bacterially Induced Sepsis
Authors: Liu Sidi , van Beuningen Fleur E. , Xiao Xiang , Le Yu , Zhao Jian , Shi Rui , Ren Yijin , Bouma Hjalmar R. , van der Mei Henny C. , Liu Jian , Busscher Henk J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSepsis is a dysregulated host response to infection that can lead to life‐threatening organ failure. Circulating bacterial toxins, termed pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and excess cytokines produced by the immune system play a key role in the response that can progress into organ failure. Yet, no therapy is available to effectively remove these PAMPs and cytokines from the circulation or effectively block their action. Macrophage membrane coatings possess a natural blood compatibility, ideal for coating of adsorbent surfaces in extracorporeal blood‐cleansing. Here, the ability of Escherichia coli‐activated macrophage membrane coatings on silicon nanowired (SiNW) surfaces in a microfluidic device to remove PAMPs and cytokines from blood is determined. In vitro, such membrane‐coated SiNW adsorbent surfaces remove significantly more PAMPS or cytokines from spiked human blood than achieved by hemofiltration. Cleansing of plasma from patients with bacterial sepsis using membrane‐coated SiNW adsorbent surfaces reduces cytokine concentrations to healthy levels. In vivo, this coincides with two‐fold better restoration of healthy cytokine levels after 4 h of extracorporeal blood‐cleansing in rats with lipopolysaccharides (LPS)‐induced sepsis and four‐fold higher survival rates. Collectively, blood‐cleansing microfluidic devices using bacterially activate macrophage membrane‐coated SiNW surfaces are more effective than hemofiltration for therapeutic intervention in septic patients.
Interweaving Elastic and Hydrogen Bond‐Forming Polymers into Highly Tough and Stress‐Relaxable Binders for High‐Performance Silicon Anode in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jeong Daun , Yook Jinsol , Kwon Da‐Sol , Shim Jimin , Lee Jong‐Chan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA central challenge in practically using high‐capacity silicon (Si) as anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries is alleviating significant volume change of Si during cycling. One key to resolving the failure issues of Si is exploiting carefully designed polymer binders exhibiting mechanical robustness to retain the structural integrity of Si electrodes, while concurrently displaying elasticity and toughness to effectively dissipate external stresses exerted by the volume changes of Si. Herein, a highly elastic and tough polymer binder is proposed by interweaving polyacrylic acid (PAA) with poly(urea‐urethane) (PUU) elastomer for Si anodes. By systematically tuning molecular parameters, including molecular weights of hard/soft segments and structures of hard segment components, it is demonstrated that the mechanical properties of polymer binders, such as elasticity, toughness, and stress relaxation ability, strongly affect the cycling performance of Si electrodes. This study provides new insight into the rational design of polymer binders capable of accommodating the volume changes of Si, primarily by judicious modulation of the mechanical properties of polymer binders.