bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Walking school bus line routing for efficiency, health and walkability: A multi‐objective optimisation approach
Authors: Wang Judith Y. T. , Wu Zhengyu , Kang Yating , Brown Edward , Wen Mengfan , Rushton Christopher , Ehrgott Matthias 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWalking School Bus (WSB) has been recognised as an innovative solution to promote walking to school, bringing a wide spectrum of benefits, including: health benefits from the physical exercise, social skills and traffic reduction. To facilitate the success of WSB, one vital element is its route planning, which directly affects the catchment for the service and the realisation of all the potential benefits. Previously, time has been the only factor that has been considered in WSB routing problems. Other important factors including air quality, safety and comfort will also be considered in this paper. Air quality along a WSB route is important to help realise the health benefits of walking. Traffic safety has been the biggest barrier to walking to school and must be addressed in planning a WSB route. Ensuring children have an enjoyable and comfortable experience is vital for the sustainability and success of WSB. A walking network is introduced to enable modelling pedestrian movements in detail, including walking movements on different sides of the road and crossing movements. This approach enables detailed route‐based analysis to assess the localised effect of air quality on pollutant dose. We define walkability as a measure of children's needs in safety and comfort, which can also be assessed in detail on each route. We propose a multi‐objective optimisation model to generate efficient WSB routes with three objectives representing the potential benefits of WSB: (1) to minimise time; (2) to minimise pollutant dose; and (3) to maximise walkability. We apply our model to a selected school in Bradford in the UK, generating three WSB lines following efficient routes. These lines go through a predetermined sequence of ‘WSB Stops’, with the final stop as the school. All children within the catchment area will be able to join a WSB within 1–2 min walk from their home to the nearest stop. Our multi‐objective WSB route planning model is highly transferable to any selected school in any WSB targeted area. Planners will be able to select a combination of WSB lines to offer, based on the requirement of coverage area and resource availability.
Capsaicin: A Novel Approach to the Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia
Authors: Liu Tianxu , Wan Yuan , Meng Yaqi , Zhou Qiaoyun , Li Bin , Chen Yijie , Wang Ling 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCapsaicin, the principal spicy component of red pepper, shows numerous bioactivities these years. Based on the results of past studies, capsaicin may have potential effects on the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD). However, most studies mainly investigate functional dyspepsia‐treatment effects of capsaicin by discussing the relationship between capsaicin and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1). In fact, capsaicin may relieve the symptoms of FD in various ways. These effects involve desensitizing C nociceptive fibers, regulating kinds of neurotransmitters, counteracting viruses and inflammation, balancing the gut microbiota, inhibiting the secretion of gastric acid, and reducing oxidative stress damage. A full understanding of these mechanisms will help further development and utilization of capsaicin in food and medical fields.
Investigation of signal integrity of fuzz button connectors under different compression states
Authors: Wang Wenjia , Gao Jinchun , Flowers George T. , Wang Ziren , Bi Lingyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFuzz button connectors are extensively used in vertical interconnection for high‐density integrated circuits. This work studied the impact of fuzz buttons under different compression states on high‐frequency signal transmission using theoretical analysis and experimental testing. The resistance values for fuzz buttons with different heights in compression states were measured. The physical dimensions were obtained for sample fuzz buttons subjected to various compression states. The effects of long‐term compression of fuzz button on the resistance values and S parameters of the device under test (DUT) were analyzed. In addition, the high‐frequency parameters were measured for the DUT with fuzz buttons in various compression states. Both a three‐dimensional (3D) electromagnetic field model and an equivalent circuit model for the fuzz buttons under compression states were developed and the results of these two models show good agreement with experimental results. In the circuit model, a fuzz button connector with a three‐wire transmission line structure was modeled as a π impedance network, composed of equivalent inductances and capacitances. It was found that the proposed 3D electromagnetic field model and an equivalent circuit model can accurately predict the effect of fuzz buttons under different compression states on the signal transmission in the affected frequency band. However, the models cannot evaluate the communication performance of the whole system.
Optimized design of wide band polarization diversified compact microstrip transponder antenna for satellite communication
Authors: Ghosh Swarnadipto , Chakraborty Ayona , Chakraborty Samik 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA major limitation of microstrip antenna is its narrow impedance bandwidth (1%–5%) which makes it unsuitable for the operation over C band, used for various satellite communications, Wi‐Fi devices, some surveillance, and weather radar systems. Furthermore, increasing bandwidth (BW) can cause a reduction in radiation efficiency and antenna gain making it unsuitable for some particular applications. Nonplanar and defected ground structures may provide enhanced BW but it also creates distorted radiation pattern, unwanted loss of power, and mechanical mounting hazard. Polarization diversity also gives flexibility in use for various applications. A unique compact dual band and Ultra‐Wide Band (viz., 4.29–5.32 and 6.04–8.77 GHz) and polarization diversified (viz., circular and dual polarization) perturbed square microstrip patch antenna has been proposed here overcome the above shortcomings. Innovative corner parasitic loading and shorting via implementation ensures the fulfillment of the above features with improved 24.45% and 33.75% BW.
Integrated intensity‐based technique for coronary artery calcium mass measurement: A phantom study
Authors: Black Dale , Xiao Xingshuo , Molloi Sabee 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAgatston scoring, the traditional method for measuring coronary artery calcium, is limited in its ability to accurately quantify low‐density calcifications, among other things. The inaccuracy of Agatston scoring is likely due partly to the arbitrary thresholding requirement of Agatston scoring.PurposeA calcium quantification technique that removes the need for arbitrary thresholding and is more accurate, sensitive, reproducible, and robust is needed. Improvements to calcium scoring will likely improve patient risk stratification and outcome.MethodsThe integrated Hounsfield technique was adapted for calcium scoring (integrated calcium mass). Integrated calcium mass requires no thresholding and includes all calcium information within an image. This study utilized phantom images acquired by G van Praagh et al., with calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) densities in the range of 200–800 mgHAcm−3 to measure calcium according to integrated calcium mass and Agatston scoring. The calcium mass was known, which allowed for accuracy, reproducibility, sensitivity, and robustness comparisons between integrated calcium mass and Agatston scoring. Multiple CT vendors (Canon, GE, Philips, Siemens) were used during the image acquisition phase, which provided a more robust comparison between the two calcium scoring techniques. Three calcification inserts of different diameters (1, 3, and 5 mm) and different HA densities (200, 400, and 800 mgHAcm−3) were placed within the phantom. The effect of motion was also analyzed using a dynamic phantom. All dynamic phantom calcium inserts were 5.0 ± 0.1 mm in diameter with a length of 10.0 ± 0.1 mm. The four different densities were 196 ± 3, 380 ± 2, 408 ± 2, and 800 ± 2 mgHAcm−3.ResultsIntegrated calcium mass was more accurate than Agatston scoring for stationary scans (, ) and motion affected scans (, ). On average, integrated calcium mass was more reproducible than Agatston scoring for two of the CT vendors. The percentage of false‐negative and false‐positive calcium scores were lower for integrated calcium mass (15.00%, 0.00%) than Agatston scoring (28.33%, 6.67%). Integrated calcium mass was more robust to changes in scan parameters than Agatston scoring.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that integrated calcium mass is more accurate, reproducible, and sensitive than Agatston scoring on a variety of different CT vendors. The substantial reduction in false‐negative scores for integrated calcium mass is likely to improve risk‐stratification for patients undergoing calcium scoring and their potential outcome.
DNA methylation profile of single in vitro matured bovine oocytes
Authors: Vargas Luna N. , Caixeta Felippe M. C. , Dode Margot A. N. , Caetano Alexandre R. , Franco Maurício M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSomatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is commercially used despite incomplete nuclear reprogramming of the somatic cell nucleus by the enucleated oocyte compromising its efficiency. Oocyte selection is a key factor in increasing this efficiency as its cytoplasm reprograms the differentiated cell. In this study, we adapted a methodology to characterize epialleles in potential epigenetic markers in single in vitro matured oocytes. Characterization of the regions that control the expression of imprinted genes, X‐chromosome inactivation, and satellite I DNA (IGF2, ICR‐H19, XIST, RepA, and SAT1) showed methylated and unmethylated alleles in the imprinted genes IGF2 and ICR‐H19 while XIST‐DMR1 and RepA showed hypermethylated alleles. There was great variation in methylation patterns for candidate regions which may be related to oocyte quality. Moreover, the identification of different epialleles in the same oocyte suggests that, at least for those loci, the epigenome of the metaphase plate and polar body is different. The single‐cell bisulfite polymerase chain reaction technique can be used to improve the precision of selecting the best oocytes for SCNT procedures, thereby increasing its efficiency.
Blood‐brain barrier water exchange measurements using FEXI: Impact of modeling paradigm and relaxation time effects
Authors: Powell Elizabeth , Ohene Yolanda , Battiston Marco , Dickie Ben R. , Parkes Laura M. , Parker Geoff J. M. 
Published: March 2023

PurposeTo evaluate potential modeling paradigms and the impact of relaxation time effects on human blood‐brain barrier (BBB) water exchange measurements using FEXI (BBB‐FEXI), and to quantify the accuracy, precision, and repeatability of BBB‐FEXI exchange rate estimates at 3.MethodsThree modeling paradigms were evaluated: (i) the apparent exchange rate (AXR) model; (ii) a two‐compartment model () explicitly representing intra‐ and extravascular signal components, and (iii) a two‐compartment model additionally accounting for finite compartmental and relaxation times (). Each model had three free parameters. Simulations quantified biases introduced by the assumption of infinite relaxation times in the AXR and models, as well as the accuracy and precision of all three models. The scan–rescan repeatability of all paradigms was quantified for the first time in vivo in 10 healthy volunteers (age range 23–52 years; five female).ResultsThe assumption of infinite relaxation times yielded exchange rate errors in simulations up to 42%/14% in the AXR/ models, respectively. Accuracy was highest in the compartmental models; precision was best in the AXR model. Scan–rescan repeatability in vivo was good for all models, with negligible bias and repeatability coefficients in grey matter of , , and .ConclusionCompartmental modelling of BBB‐FEXI signals can provide accurate and repeatable measurements of BBB water exchange; however, relaxation time and partial volume effects may cause model‐dependent biases.
Die Spitzenmuster der Kieselalgen
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEs ist noch immer ein Rätsel, wie Kieselalgen ihre feinziselierten Glasgehäuse herstellen. Was die Siliciumdioxidabscheidung auslöst, ist bereits bekannt. Doch erst jetzt haben Biowissenschaftler drei Proteine identifiziert, die die Musterbildung beeinflussen.
Hülle aus Glas
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGlas ist als Packmittel für Arznei‐ und Impfstoffe in der Coronakrise stärker in den Mittelpunkt gerückt und weiterentwickelt worden: mit festeren Oberflächen, besserem Schutz vor Abplatzungen und weniger extrahierbaren und auslaugbaren Bestandteilen.
Dem Apfel ans Leder
Authors: Grandrath Rebecca , Bohrmann‐Linde Claudia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVerschwendung und Verlust von Lebensmitteln lassen sich vermeiden. Dies zeigt das Beispiel Apfel: Pressrückstände aus der Vermostung eignen sich als Rohstoff und liefern so Inhalte für den Chemieunterricht.
Treffen der Fonds‐Stipendiat:innen Nordost
Authors: Schlögl Johanna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAnfang Dezember 2022 fand nach zweijähriger Coronapause das Regionaltreffen der Promovierenden und Nachwuchsgruppenleiter:innen statt, die vom Fonds der Chemischen Industrie gefördert werden. Ziele dieser eintägigen Veranstaltung sind der wissenschaftliche Austausch sowie das Kennenlernen und Vernetzen der Stipendiat:innen. Eingeladen hatte Bartholomäus Pieber am Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kolloid‐ und Grenzflächenforschung (MPICI) im Science Park Potsdam‐Golm. Es nahmen 18 Wissenschaftler:innen aus Nordostdeutschland teil.
Nachruf: Dieter Oesterhelt (1940 – 2022)
Authors: Hegemann Peter , Michel Hartmut 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAm 28. November starb Dieter Oesterhelt, Entdecker des Bakteriorhodopsins. Bis zum Jahr 2008 war er Direktor der Abteilung Membranbiochemie des Martinsrieder Max‐Planck‐Instituts für Biochemie.
Textilchemie: Wasserdicht auch ohne Fluor
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOutdoorjacken, die über Stunden im Regen trocken halten – das verdankten wir lange Zeit vor allem den Fluorkohlenwasserstoffen. Jetzt sucht die Textilindustrie nach weniger umweltschädlichen Alternativen, die das Gleiche leisten – keine einfache Aufgabe.
Digitalisierung: Temperaturen richtig regeln
Authors: Lainer Johann 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMit optimierter Prozesssteuerung lassen sich aus kommunalen Abfällen ohne Ferntransporte oder Pipelines Kraftstoffe für Tankstellen produzieren. Sensoren, Steuerungen und ihre Verbindungen schaffen Voraussetzungen für Analysen und Vorhersagen.
„Junge Leute wissen wenig über Fachhochschulen“
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMichael Groteklaes, Hochschule Niederrhein, und Wilhelm Buckermann, Hochschule Esslingen, engagieren sich für das Chemiestudium an Fachhochschulen oder Hochschulen für Angewandte Wissenschaften, wie sie heute oft heißen. Im Jahr 2022 hat Buckermann von Groteklaes die Leitung des Fachbereichstags Angewandte Chemie übernommen. Ein Gespräch über Studienanfänger mit Berufsausbildung, das Promotionsrecht und die Angst vor der Mathematik.
Trendbericht Organische Chemie 2023
Authors: Breugst Martin , Andexer Jennifer N. , Beil Sebastian B. , Breinbauer Rolf , Dumele Oliver , Ernst Martin , Gellrich Urs , Germer Philipp , Giese Michael , Gulder Tobias A. M. , Huy Peter , Hüttel Wolfgang , Kath‐Schorr Stephanie , Körber Karsten , Kordes Markus , Kuttruff Christian , Lindel Thomas , Meier Robin , Myllek Sebastian , Schaschke Norbert , Pfrengle Fabian , Pietruszka Jörg , Sebode Hanna , Senge Mathias O. , Storch Golo , Straub Bernd F. , Teichert Johannes , Waldvogel Siegfried R. , Werner Thomas , Winter Christian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolystyrolproben werden mit Eisen(III)chlorid und weißen LEDs zu Oligomeren und Benzoylprodukten; ein Wolframatkatalysator invertiert die Absolutkonfiguration an sp3‐Kohlenstoffzentren; gelöstes Rätsel um eine symmetrieverbotene konrotatorische 14‐Elektronen‐Elektrocyclisierung; Polycarbonate, die sich ohne Lösungsmittel recyceln lassen: Highlights von Oktober 2021 bis 2022.
Rethinking Chemistry – nicht ohne die GDCh‐Fachgruppen
Authors: Karger Gerhard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractZur zweitägigen Beratung mit dem GDCh‐Präsidenten trafen sich Anfang November vergangenen Jahres Vertreter von 33 GDCh‐Fachstrukturen, der Deutschen Bunsen‐Gesellschaft, des JungChemikerForums sowie Mitarbeiter der GDCh‐Geschäftsstelle. Nach zwei von der Coronapandemie geprägten Jahren konnte die Veranstaltung erstmals wieder in Präsenz stattfinden; Austragungsort war das Parkhotel in Fulda.
Intelligent element: Coupling Green function approach and artificial intelligence to reduce discretization effort
Authors: Peres Matheus L. , Sotelino Elisa D. , Mesquita Leonardo C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis research work presents a method that modifies a classical numerical method using artificial intelligence (AI) and takes advantage of an analytical method to minimize the usual need for increasing discretization. Its formulation is based on the integration of two main concepts: the reciprocity theorem and the generalization capability of artificial neural networks (ANNs). The reciprocity theorem is used to formulate the mathematical expression governing the geomechanical problem, which is then discretized in space into intelligent elements. The behavior of the strain field inside these new elements is predicted using an ANN. To make these predictions, the neural network uses displacement boundary conditions, material properties, and the geometric shape of the element as input data. The comparison was performed for two examples, in which the first had a uniform depletion of the reservoir, while the second had a non‐uniform variation of the pore pressure. For the same level of accuracy, the proposed method was 10 times faster than the traditional method for the first example and five times faster for the second example on a computer with 12 threads of 2.6 GHz and 32 GB RAM.
Blenderized food tube feeding in very young pediatric patients with special healthcare needs
Authors: Walker Shawna , Johnson Teresa W. , Carter Holly , Spurlock Amy Y. , Johnson Kelly , Hussey Jenna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundUp to 85% of children with severe developmental disabilities have feeding disorders and require enteral tube feeding. Many caregivers desire blenderized tube feeding (BTF) instead of commercial formula (CF) for their child, citing a desire for a more physiologic feeding, to reduce gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and/or promote oral intake.MethodsIn this retrospective, single‐center study, medical records (n = 34) of very young children (aged ≤36 months) with severe developmental disabilities were reviewed. Comparisons of growth parameters, GI symptoms, oral feeding, and GI medication use were made between the initial introduction of BTF and again at the last patient encounter when the children aged out of the program.ResultsOf the 34 charts reviewed (16 male and 18 female patients), comparisons between baseline BTF introduction and the last patient encounter indicated reductions in adverse GI symptoms, significant GI medication reduction (P = 0.000), increased oral food intake, and nonsignificant improvements in growth parameters. These positive outcomes were realized whether children received full or partial BTF or type of BTF formulation.ConclusionConsistent with similar research studies, transitioning very young children with significant special healthcare needs from CF to BTF resulted in improvement in GI symptoms, reduced need for GI medications, supported growth goals, and contributed to improved oral feeding.
The use of nurse‐led care intervention to improve self‐care abilities subsequently decreasing readmission in multimorbid hospitalized patients: A quasi‐experimental study in a real‐world setting
Authors: Faessler Lukas , Kofler Sabine , Wenke‐Zobler Juliane , Brunner Corinne , Schäfer‐Keller Petra , De Geest Sabina , Schubert Maria , Regez Katharina , Schuetz Philipp , Mueller Beat , Conca Antoinette 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimNurse‐led care aims to optimize the discharge preparation with a focus on increasing patients' independency and self‐care abilities. This study compared patients' improvements of self‐care abilities and frequency of readmission rate between nurse‐led care and regular nursing care within the acute hospital setting.DesignA quasi‐experimental design within a real‐world setting was used for this work.MethodsWe included a pool of 2501 patients from a control group (medically stable in usual care) and 420 patients from an intervention group (nurse‐led care). After propensity score matching, the study cohort consisted of 612 patients.ResultsFrom admission to discharge, nurse‐led care patients showed superior improvements of total self‐care abilities compared to usual care patients. In particular, we found improvements in the following categories: mobility, grooming and excretion. Patients with nurse‐led care were furthermore less frequently readmitted to hospital compared with the control group patients.Patient or public contributionNo patient or public contribution.
Audiometric and Patient‐Reported Outcomes in Single‐Sided Deafness Cochlear Implant Recipients Using the CIQOL‐35
Authors: Mitton Tanner J. , Yancey Kristen L. , Isaacson Brandon , Kutz Walter , Whitson Johanna , Hunter Jacob B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveDescribe the effect that cochlear implantation (CI) has on audiometric outcomes and quality of life (QOL) in patients with single‐sided deafness (SSD).Study DesignRetrospective case review.SettingTertiary university hospital system.MethodsPreoperative and postoperative AzBio performance and Cochlear Implant Quality of Life‐35 (CIQOL‐35) Profile scores in CI patients with SSD were compared, and postoperative measures were compared to those from CI patients without SSD.ResultsSeventeen patients with unilateral CI and contralateral unaided pure‐tone averages ≤30 dB were included. The median age was 60.2 (interquartile range [IQR], 50.9‐64.9 years), and 7/17 (41%) were women. Median daily use was 8.2 hour (IQR, 5.4‐11.9 h). The median preoperative AzBio quiet score in the ear to be implanted was 3% (IQR, 0%‐6%). After a median follow‐up of 12.0 months, the median postoperative AzBio quiet score was 76% (IQR, 47%‐86%) (p < .01). SSD subjects demonstrated statistically significant improvements in median scores on the following CIQOL‐35 subdomains following implantation: Entertainment (17 preoperatively vs 21 postoperatively), Listening Effort (12 vs 14), Social (17 vs 22), and Global (28 vs 35; p < .05). SSD patients achieved equal or higher postoperative CIQOL‐35 scores in most subdomains (6/7) compared to an age‐matched group of non‐SSD CI recipients who underwent unilaterally (N = 19) or sequential (N = 6) implantation.ConclusionSSD CI patients not only demonstrate significant improvements in speech perception testing in the implanted ear but also exhibit improvement in multiple QOL subdomains on the CIQOL‐35, the only validated cochlear implant QOL instrument.