bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood Family Instability and Young-Adult Union Experiences: Black–White Differences in Outcomes and Effects
Authors: Bloome Deirdre , Fomby Paula , Zhang Yang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractToday's young adults have diverse union experiences; some enter enduring marital or cohabiting unions at young ages, but many delay or dissolve their unions or remain single. Childhood family instability—defined as parents' transitions into or out of romantic coresidential unions—offers one explanation for why some people are more likely than others to enter and exit unions. We evaluate whether this family instability hypothesis—a union-specific version of the general hypothesis that instability affects people across multiple life domains—can explain Black and White young adults' union formation and dissolution. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics' Transition into Adulthood Supplement (birth cohorts 1989–1999), we find that the marginal effects of childhood family instability on cohabitation and marriage are weaker for Black than for White youth. Further, Black–White differences in childhood family instability's prevalence are small. Consequently, novel decompositions that account for racial differences in instability's prevalence and marginal effects reveal that childhood family instability contributes little to Black–White inequality in young adults' union outcomes. Our results challenge the generalizability of the family instability hypothesis across racialized groups in the union domain. Explanations for Black–White differences in young-adult marriage and cohabitation reside beyond childhood family dynamics.
Autism-linked NLGN3 is a key regulator of gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency
Authors: Oleari Roberto , Lettieri Antonella , Manzini Stefano , Paganoni Alyssa , André Valentina , Grazioli Paolo , Busnelli Marco , Duminuco Paolo , Vitobello Antonio , Philippe Christophe , Bizaoui Varoona , Storr Helen L. , Amoruso Federica , Memi Fani , Vezzoli Valeria , Massa Valentina , Scheiffele Peter , Howard Sasha R. , Cariboni Anna 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (GD) is a disorder characterized by absent or delayed puberty, with largely unknown genetic causes. The purpose of this study was to obtain and exploit gene expression profiles of GnRH neurons during development to unveil novel biological mechanisms and genetic determinants underlying GD. Here, we combined bioinformatic analyses of immortalized and primary embryonic GnRH neuron transcriptomes with exome sequencing from GD patients to identify candidate genes implicated in the pathogenesis of GD. Among differentially expressed and filtered transcripts, we found loss-of-function (LoF) variants of the autism-linked neuroligin 3 (NLGN3) gene in two unrelated patients co-presenting with GD and neurodevelopmental traits. We demonstrated that NLGN3 is upregulated in maturing GnRH neurons and that NLGN3 wild-type, but not mutant, protein promotes neuritogenesis when overexpressed in developing GnRH cells. Our data represent proof of principle that this complementary approach can identify new candidate GD genes and demonstrate that LoF NLGN3 variants can contribute to GD. This novel genotype–phenotype correlation implies common genetic mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders, such as GD and autistic spectrum disorder.
Modern three-dimensional digital methods for studying locomotor biomechanics in tetrapods
Authors: Demuth Oliver E. , Herbst Eva , Polet Delyle T. , Wiseman Ashleigh L. A. , Hutchinson John R. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTHere, we review the modern interface of three-dimensional (3D) empirical (e.g. motion capture) and theoretical (e.g. modelling and simulation) approaches to the study of terrestrial locomotion using appendages in tetrapod vertebrates. These tools span a spectrum from more empirical approaches such as XROMM, to potentially more intermediate approaches such as finite element analysis, to more theoretical approaches such as dynamic musculoskeletal simulations or conceptual models. These methods have much in common beyond the importance of 3D digital technologies, and are powerfully synergistic when integrated, opening a wide range of hypotheses that can be tested. We discuss the pitfalls and challenges of these 3D methods, leading to consideration of the problems and potential in their current and future usage. The tools (hardware and software) and approaches (e.g. methods for using hardware and software) in the 3D analysis of tetrapod locomotion have matured to the point where now we can use this integration to answer questions we could never have tackled 20 years ago, and apply insights gleaned from them to other fields.
Optical Fabrication and Testing of the X-Ray Mirrors for the HEAO-2 Telescope
Authors: Young Peter S. 
Published: February 2023

The large X-ray mirrors for the HEAO-2 telescope were shaped, ground, polished, metallized, tested, assembled, and aligned by Perkin-Elmer under contract to American Science and Engineering (AS&E). These X-ray mirrors, when assembled into .their flanges formed the X-Ray Telescope High Resolution Mirror Assembly (HRMA) designed by Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) and AS&E. This paper describes the optical fabrication and testing of these X-ray mirrors.
Particular emphasis is placed on the support of the optics during the three critical fabrication phases: loose abrasive grinding during which the circumferential variation in slope, Δ(ΔR), was achieved; optical testing, during the optical figuring phase; and optical alignment, during final assembly. Also discussed are the optical figuring, surface smoothing via submerged polishing and figure measurement using a semiautomatic fringe scanner and modular interferogram analysis computer programs. The pertinent specifications for the X-ray mirrors and the achievements of the program are summarized.
Frequency Converter Design and Manufacturing Considerations for the National Ignition Facility*
Authors: Hibbard Robin L. , English R. Edward , De Yoreo Jim J. , Montesanti Richard C. 
Published: February 2023

The National Ignition Facility (NIF), being constructed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), comprises 192 laser beams, Figure 1. The lasing medium is neodymium in phosphate glass with a fundamental frequency (1ω) of 1.053 µm. Sum frequency generation in a pair of conversion crystals (KDP/KD*P) produces 1.8 MJ of the third harmonic light (3ω or λ =0.35 µm).
On NIF the frequency conversion crystals are part of the Final Optics Assembly (FOA), whose two principal functions are to convert the laser light to 3ω and focus it on target. In addition, the FOA provides a vacuum window to the target chamber, smoothes the on-target irradiance profile, moves the unconverted light away from the target, and provides signals for alignment and diagnostics. The FOA has four Integrated Optics Modules (IOM), Figure 4, each of which contains two 41 cm square crystals are mounted with the full edge support to micro radian angular and micron flatness tolerances.
This paper is intended to be an overview of the important factors that affect frequency conversion on NIF. Chief among these are angular errors arising from crystal growth, finishing, and mounting. The general nature of these errors and how they affect frequency conversion, and finally the importance of a frequency conversion metrology tool in assessing converter performance before opto-mechanical assemblies are installed on NIF will be discussed.
Implementation of a 16-channel Sorting Module
Authors: Baillie Douglas A. , Tooley Frank A.P. , Prince Simon M. , Grant Nicola L. , Dines Julian A.B. , Desmulliez Marc P.Y. , Taghizadeh Mohammad R. 
Published: February 2023

This paper will present experimental details of a sorting module demonstration system. The sorting module which is currently under construction is shown as a functional schematic in figure 1. Figure 2 is a photograph of the optics. The system implements the bitonic sort based on Batcher’s algorithm implemented with a perfect shuffle. A re-circulating rather than pipelined arrangement is used to minimise hardware requirements to 2 smart pixel chips;
• a sorting node array (self-routing exchange/bypass nodes), and
• shift register array which acts as the input/output interface.
20-ps Resolution Single-Photon Solid-State Detector
Authors: Ghioni M. , Lacaita A. , Cova S. , Ripamonti G. 
Published: February 2023

Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) are avalanche photodiodes specifically designed for reverse bias operation above the breakdown voltage (Geiger-mode operation), and used for detecting single optical photons. Studies were performed to relate the attainable timing resolution to the device geometry and operating conditions. A new silicon device structure was designed in order to obtain improved timing performance with respect to previous SPADs.
Extensive tests were carried out in order to ascertain the timing resolution of the device in time-correlated photon counting. The SPAD timing resolution, in terms of its full-width at half­maximum (FWHM) contribution to the overall instrumental response width, is 20 ps with the detector cooled to -65 C, and 28 ps at room temperature. This is the highest resolution so far reported for solid-state single-photon detectors.
Among vacuum tubes, comparable results are obtained only with special microchannel-plate photomultipliers (MCP-PMT). With the excellent timing resolution of the SPAD and the well-known advantages of Time Correlated Photon Counting systems (high sensitivity, linearity etc.), various applications are foreseen in areas so far dominated by streak cameras.
Angular selectivity of multibeam coupling in photorefractive BaTiO3
Authors: Klees L. , Denz C. , Tschudi T. 
Published: February 2023

The angular dependence of simultaneous multibeam coupling in photorefractive BaTiO3 is studied theoretically and experimentally.
It is found out that the amount of gain that each signal receives depends strongly on the angular configuration of the incoming beams relative to the c-axis and relative to each other. The competitive interaction of. the gratings from different signals causes some signals to receive larger energy increments as others. Moreover, crosstalk between the signals can be modified by changing the incoming angles.
Photochromic Memory Media for Photon-Mode Optical Recording
Authors: Irie Masahiro 
Published: February 2023

Photon-mode optical recording offers advantages over magnet-optic or
phase change recording, which utilizes light as a heat source for
recording, with regard to resolution, speed of writing, and multiplex
recording capability. One of the candidates for the photon-mode
recording media is organic photochromic media. Although much effort
has been made in this field in the past, the photochromic materials
still await practical application. The limitation is due to the lack
of suitable materials which fulfill the requirements for the
reversible recording media. The requirements for the use are:
1. Archival storage capability
2. Low fatigue (write/erase cycles can be repeated many times)
3. High sensitivity at diode laser wavelengths and rapid response
4. Non-destructive readout capability.
KLASIFIKASI PENYAKIT HIPERTENSI MENGGUNAKAN METODE SVM GRID SEARCH DAN SVM GENETIC ALGORITHM (GA)
Authors: Awalullaili Fithroh Oktavi , Ispriyanti Dwi , Widiharih Tatik 
Published: February 2023

Hypertension is an abnormally high pressure that occurs inside the arteries. Hypertension increased by 8.3% from 2013 based on health research in 2018. Some of the factors that cause hypertension include gender, age, salt consumption, cigarette consumption, cholesterol levels and a family history of hypertension. The data in this study are data on normal and hypertensive patients at the Padangsari Health Center for the period of July – December 2021. This study will classify blood pressure with the aim of obtaining the results of the accuracy of the classification of the methods used. The method used in this study is a support vector machine (SVM). SVM is a well-known algorithm, producing optimal solutions to classification problems. SVM uses kernel functions for separable nonlinear data. The displacement kernels used in this study are linear and RBF. SVM has the disadvantage of determining the best parameters, to overcome these weaknesses developed the method of finding the best parameters. The search for the parameters of this study used grid search and genetic algorithm (GA). Grid search has the advantage of producing parameters that are close to the optimal value, while GA has the advantage of being easy to find global optimum values. This study will compare the classification results of the SVM grid search and SVM GA methods. The results of this study obtained the method that has the best accuracy, namely SVM grid search using a radial base function (RBF) kernel with an accuracy of 89.22%.
PENERAPAN ALGORITMA BACKPROPAGATION DAN OPTIMASI CONJUGATE GRADIENT UNTUK KLASIFIKASI HASIL TES LABORATORIUM
Authors: Rosaamalia Wahyu Tiara , Santoso Rukun , Suparti Suparti 
Published: February 2023

A blood test is generally used to evaluate the condition of the blood and its components, conduct screening, and aid diagnosis. Blood tests in the laboratory are commonly used to deliberate whether a patient needs to be hospitalized or treated as an outpatient. Backpropagation algorithm was selected for its ability to solve complex problems. Conjugate gradient optimization is used because it facilitates faster solution search. An electronic medical record containing the results of patient laboratory examinations was obtained from Mendeley. The data was divided into training and testing with a 95:5 ratio, which was discovered to be the best ratio from the experiments. The best architecture was achieved by a combination of 10 neurons in the input layer, 16 neurons in the first hidden layer, 2 neurons in the second hidden layer, and a neuron in the output layer. Purelin is used as the activation function for both the first hidden and output layers, whereas the binary sigmoid is used for the second hidden layer. The analysis revealed that for 100 bootstraps in training data, the network worked with an average accuracy of 60.17% and a recall of 99.77%, while the accuracy results in testing data were 69.23%.
ANALISIS SENTIMEN PENERAPAN PPKM PADA TWITTER MENGGUNAKAN NAIVE BAYES CLASSIFIER DENGAN SELEKSI FITUR CHI-SQUARE
Authors: Ratiasasadara Pualam Wahyu , Sudarno Sudarno , Tarno Tarno 
Published: February 2023

Dissemination of information related to the implementation of PPKM takes place very quickly, especially on social media networks. Positive and negative news certainly has an impact on public opinion or sentiment on the implementation of PPKM. In this study, the data used is public opinion on Twitter social media with the keyword "PPKM" from November 2, 2021 to November 8, 2021 and obtained data as many as 12,616 tweets which then deleted duplicate data to become 6,465 data. Data classification was performed using Naïve Bayes with Chi-Square feature selection and the data were classified into positive and negative classes. The results of the classification performance using Nave Bayes with Chi-Square feature selection obtained an accuracy of 80% which means that the Nave Bayes classification model with Chi-Square feature selection is quite effective in classifying public opinion on the implementation of PPKM. Keywords: PPKM, Twitter, Sentyment Analysis, Naïve Bayes Classifier, Featured Selection Chi-Square.
Regresywna koncepcja Unii Europejskiej na przykładzie dyskursu prowadzonego przez Prawo i Sprawiedliwość
Authors: Ruszkowski Janusz 
Published: February 2023

Celem podjętej analizy jest z jednej strony rekonstrukcja rozproszonych cech, założeń i myśli dotyczących zarówno obecnego stanu Unii Europejskiej, jak i jej przyszłego kształtu oraz miejsca Polski w tej organizacji, charakteryzujących dyskurs prowadzony przez PIS, a z drugiej strony próba wsparcia tych cech i założeń konkretnymi określeniami, desygnatami i znacznikami, które nie tylko są składową tego dyskursu, ale także tworzą pewien mniej lub bardziej logiczny zbiór twierdzeń definiujących i określających Unię Europejską oraz proces integracji europejskiej, które były używane przez prominentnych przedstawicieli tej partii politycznej.
Wiodącym teoretycznym systemem wyjaśniania jest poststrukturalizm, który w tak postawionym problemie badawczym daje możliwość zastosowania metody analizy dyskursu (discourse analysis) będącej zoperacjonalizowanym systemem oznaczania praktyki politycznej i realnego otoczenia politycznego, gdyż artykulacja konstytuuje przedmiot badań, a nie tylko go oznacza i wyjaśnia.
Strominger connection and pluriclosed metrics
Authors: Zhao Quanting , Zheng Fangyang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we prove a conjecture raised by Angella, Otal, Ugarte and Villacampa recently, which states that if the Strominger connection (also known as Bismut connection) of a compact Hermitian manifold is Kähler-like, in the sense that its curvature tensor obeys all the symmetries of the curvature of a Kähler manifold, then the metric must be pluriclosed. What we actually showed is a bit more: for any given Hermitian manifold, the Strominger Kähler-like condition is equivalent to the pluriclosedness of the metric plus the parallelness of the torsion.
Diabetes disease prediction system using HNB classifier based on discretization method
Authors: Al-Hameli Bassam Abdo , Alsewari AbdulRahman A. , Basurra Shadi S. , Bhogal Jagdev , Ali Mohammed A. H. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Diagnosing diabetes early is critical as it helps patients live with the disease in a healthy way – through healthy eating, taking appropriate medical doses, and making patients more vigilant in their movements/activities to avoid wounds that are difficult to heal for diabetic patients. Data mining techniques are typically used to detect diabetes with high confidence to avoid misdiagnoses with other chronic diseases whose symptoms are similar to diabetes. Hidden Naïve Bayes is one of the algorithms for classification, which works under a data-mining model based on the assumption of conditional independence of the traditional Naïve Bayes. The results from this research study, which was conducted on the Pima Indian Diabetes (PID) dataset collection, show that the prediction accuracy of the HNB classifier achieved 82%. As a result, the discretization method increases the performance and accuracy of the HNB classifier.
The typological frequency of consonants is highly predictive of their order of acquisition in English
Authors: Everett Caleb , Schwartz Sophie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe order of acquisition of consonants by children is impacted by both language-specific and species-wide factors. The latter factors also help to motivate the crosslinguistic commonness of some consonants. Here we explore the extent of overlap between crosslinguistic commonness and order of acquisition. We test how well the typological commonness of consonants is predictive of their order of acquisition in English, and vice versa, helping to shed light on the extent to which general cognitive and physical factors are explanatory vis-à-vis the acquisition of specific consonant types. We utilize several different sources to demonstrate that typological frequency and order of acquisition are indeed highly mutually predictive. We rely on acquisition data from English. We demonstrate that the crosslinguistic usage of a consonant is a better predictor of its order of acquisition than the language-specific factors tested.
Analysis of the working mechanism and detection sensitivity of a flash detector
Authors: Tian Hui , Sun Yanan , Ni Jinping , Wang Fan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Flash detectors are mainly used to detect the brief light flashing when projectiles are launched or exploded in the air. They can output trigger pulse signals in real time to start a test instrument and carry out data collection. Because flash detectors cannot work reliably under strong background light radiation, this work studied the flash detector mechanism. The influence of background light radiance, lens aperture, and detection distance on the effective signal was analyzed, a mathematical model of detection sensitivity based on the background radiation brightness control was proposed, a mathematical formula of the detection distance of the flash detector was deduced, and the optimal working conditions were obtained. The researched model was verified by simulation analysis and actual test experiments, in the same external circumstances, the limit detection distance of the optimal aperture compared to the maximum aperture increased by 20%, and the effective signal voltage amplitude was twice the amplitude at the maximum aperture, and the results showed the correctness of the analysis. The proposed detection sensitivity model can be applied for a dynamic photoelectric detection instrument, which broadens its potential application in the engineering field.
TUHAN PERSPEKTIF IBN ṬHUFAYL DALAM KISAH HAYY BIN YAQDZÂN
Authors: Usman Muhammad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract: This research aims to analyze thought of God in his book, Risâlah fî Asrâr al-Hikmah al- Masyrîqiyyah Hayy ibn Yaqzhân (1978, Published Beirut). In the view of Ibn Ṭhufayl, God is Al-Maujud so to worship unto Him is required the sensitivity of five senses, rational powers and strong spiritual processes. As Ibn Ṭhufayl said, in pursuit of Al-Maujud he uses the universe, such as sky, animals and plants to resemble Al-Maujud. in tasyabbuhat (imitating the behavior of nature) ibn Ṭhufayl can attain illumination the light of all lights. Finally, he can -musyahadah (witness) the essence of God which is the culmination of happiness. Keywords: God, Universe, Ibn Ṭhufayl
GAGASAN PEREMPUAN BERKEMAJUAN
Authors: ’Aeni Qurotul , Binaningrum Banun 
Published: February 2023

Abstrak:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyampaikan informasi kepada pembaca mengenai organisasi Aisyiyah. Selain itu juga, penelitian ini berupaya menjelaskan kepada masyarakat atau pembaca bagaimana gagasan perempuan berkemajuan. Serta sebagai sarana pustaka untuk penelitian selanjutnya.Pennelitian dilakukan dengan metode penelitian kualitatif. Dimana metode ini mengedepankan tinjauan pustaka dan wawancara. Dengan menganalisis sumber-sumber primer yang digunakan penulis agar dapat dideskripsikan. Aisyiyah memiliki visi keumatan dan misi keadilan tanpa diskriminasi baik laki- laki ataupun perempuan. Keadilan tanpa diskriminasi, kemudian Aisyiyah menggagas perempuan berkemajuan yakni, perempuan yang mandiri, cerdas dan aman. Demi menciptakan perempuan berkemajuan Aisyiyah mengadakan layanan pendidikan bagi perempuan, memberikan bantuan, pemahaman dan pelayanan hukum, membangun ekonomi, dan seterusnya. Kata Kunci: Aisyiyah, Gender, Perempuan, Berkemajuan