bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward stability of dynamic FC estimates in neuroimaging and electrophysiology: Solutions and limits
Authors: Alonso Sonsoles , Vidaurre Diego 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Time-varying functional connectivity (FC) methods are used to map the spatiotemporal organization of brain activity. However, their estimation can be unstable, in the sense that different runs of the inference may yield different solutions. But to draw meaningful relations to behavior, estimates must be robust and reproducible. Here, we propose two solutions using the hidden Markov model (HMM) as a descriptive model of time-varying FC. The first, best ranked HMM, involves running the inference multiple times and selecting the best model based on a quantitative measure combining fitness and model complexity. The second, hierarchical-clustered HMM, generates stable cluster state time series by applying hierarchical clustering to the state time series obtained from multiple runs. Experimental results on fMRI and magnetoencephalography data demonstrate that these approaches substantially improve the stability of time-varying FC estimations. Overall, hierarchical-clustered HMM is preferred when the inference variability is high, while the best ranked HMM performs better otherwise.
State-switching and high-order spatiotemporal organization of dynamic functional connectivity are disrupted by Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Arbabyazd Lucas , Petkoski Spase , Breakspear Michael , Solodkin Ana , Battaglia Demian , Jirsa Viktor 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Spontaneous activity during the resting state, tracked by BOLD fMRI imaging, or shortly rsfMRI, gives rise to brain-wide dynamic patterns of interregional correlations, whose structured flexibility relates to cognitive performance. Here, we analyze resting-state dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) in a cohort of older adults, including amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI, N = 34) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD, N = 13) patients, as well as normal control (NC, N = 16) and cognitively “supernormal” controls (SNC, N = 10) subjects. Using complementary state-based and state-free approaches, we find that resting-state fluctuations of different functional links are not independent but are constrained by high-order correlations between triplets or quadruplets of functionally connected regions. When contrasting patients with healthy subjects, we find that dFC between cingulate and other limbic regions is increasingly bursty and intermittent when ranking the four groups from SNC to NC, aMCI and AD. Furthermore, regions affected at early stages of AD pathology are less involved in higher order interactions in patient than in control groups, while pairwise interactions are not significantly reduced. Our analyses thus suggest that the spatiotemporal complexity of dFC organization is precociously degraded in AD and provides a richer window into the underlying neurobiology than time-averaged FC connections.
A Qualitative Case Study on Deconstructing Presence for Young Adults and Older Adults
Authors: Pouke Matti , Ylipulli Johanna , Uotila Elmeri , Sitomaniemi Anna-Kaisa , Pouke Sakaria , Ojala Timo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we present the results of an exploratory qualitative case study on presence experienced by groups of young adults and older adults during their use of an interactive virtual reality application mixing realistic and fantasy elements. In contrast to most previous studies, we do not focus on a set of predetermined factors but instead adopt an open-ended qualitative approach to identify emerging factors from the users' experiences. We then analyze these factors against the place illusion/plausibility illusion (PI/PSI) framework of Skarbez, Neyret, et al. (2017) to investigate whether PI and PSI, as well as their contributing factors, can be separated. According to our findings, a user can experience PI and PSI independently from each other; however, they often appeared intermixed when investigated on the scope of the whole experience. Breaks in presence, as well as breaks in plausibility, could mostly, but not entirely, be attributed to immersion and coherence factors, respectively. An interesting finding is that both participant groups turned out to have two subgroups interpreting their experience with a particular frame of reference of differing expectations. These frames of reference affected not only PSI, as expected, but PI as well, suggesting that coherence could be a contributing factor to both PI and PSI. Our contribution adds to the relatively small body of research investigating the separation of PI and PSI. Our exploratory findings can be utilized as directions for designing future confirmatory studies.
Towards an Effective Constitution in Lithuania: the Role of the Constitutional Court
Authors: Pūraitė-Andrikienė Dovilė 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article deals with the role of the Lithuanian Constitutional Court in ensuring the effectiveness of the Constitution. This research is based on the assumption that the success of constitutional review in a given state is determined (and at the same time characterized) by the following key preconditions: the social, political and legal environment of the state; the scope of powers of the constitutional court; and the presence of a jurisprudential or living constitution. Therefore, in order to achieve the aim of this research, the following tasks are undertaken and dealt with: (1) to discuss the challenges and achievements of the Lithuanian Constitutional Court in the broader context of constitutional justice institutions of Central and Eastern European states; (2) to overview the Lithuanian constitutional justice model and its development; (3) to analyze the emergence of the jurisprudential or living constitution in Lithuania.
Internal Solitary Waves within the Cold Tongue of the Equatorial Pacific Generated by Buoyant Gravity Currents
Authors: Santos-Ferreira A. M. , Silva J. C. B. da , St-Denis B. , Bourgault D. , Maas L. R. M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The equatorial cold tongue in the Pacific Ocean has been intensely studied during the last decades as it plays an important role in air–sea interactions and climate issues. Recently, Warner et al. revealed gravity currents apparently originating in tropical instability waves. Both phenomena have strong dissipation rates and were considered to play a significant role in cascading energy from the mesoscale to smaller horizontal scales, as well as to vertical scales less than 1 m. Here, we present Sentinel-3 satellite observations of internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the Pacific cold tongue near the equator, in a zonal band stretching from 210° to 265°E, away from any steep bottom topography. Within this band these waves propagate in multiple directions. Some of the waves’ characteristics, such as the distance between wave crests, crest lengths, and time scales, are estimated from satellite observations. In total we identify 116 ISW trains during one full year (2020), with typical distances between crests of 1500 m and crest lengths of hundreds of kilometers. These ISW trains appear to be generated by buoyant gravity currents having sharp fronts detectable in thermal infrared satellite images. A 2D numerical model confirms that resonantly generated nonlinear internal waves with amplitudes of O(10) m may be continuously initiated at the fronts of advancing gravity currents.

Significance Statement
Satellite imagery reveals the repeated occurrence of internal solitary waves in the near-equatorial region of the east Pacific, despite the absence of topography. These waves appear to be resonantly generated over the sheared Equatorial Undercurrent by gravity currents that propagate as frontal zones of 1000-km scale tropical instability waves, providing a physical link with viscous mixing scales.
Storm Surge Ensemble Prediction System for Lagoons and Transitional Environments
Authors: Alessandri Jacopo , Pinardi Nadia , Federico Ivan , Valentini Andrea 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We developed a storm surge ensemble prediction system (EPS) for lagoons and transitional environments. Lagoons are often threatened by storm surge events with consequent risks for human life and economic losses. The uncertainties connected with a classic deterministic forecast are many, thus, an ensemble forecast system is required to properly consider them and inform the end-user community accordingly. The technological resources now available allow us to investigate the possibility of operational ensemble forecasting systems that will become increasingly essential for coastal management. We show the advantages and limitations of an EPS applied to a lagoon, using a very high-resolution unstructured grid finite element model and 45 EPS members. For five recent storm surge events, the EPS generally improves the forecast skill on the third forecast day compared to just one deterministic forecast, while they are similar in the first two days. A weighting system is implemented to compute an improved ensemble mean. The uncertainties regarding sea level due to meteorological forcing, river runoff, initial boundaries, and lateral boundaries are evaluated for a special case in the northern Adriatic Sea, and the different forecasts are used to compose the EPS members. We conclude that the largest uncertainty is in the initial and lateral boundary fields at different time and space scales, including the tidal components.

Significance Statement
Storm surges are extreme sea level events that may threaten densely populated coastal areas. The purpose of this work is to improve the extreme sea level forecast for transitional areas with the understanding of what are the most important forcing generating uncertainties and find a technique to reach a reliable sea level forecast. This is achieved by implementing an ensemble prediction system running 45 members for each event considered. Results show that initial and lateral boundary conditions provide most of the uncertainty, including the tidal components. The weighting system applied to find the ensemble mean improves the forecast skill on the third forecast day while it is comparable with the deterministic forecast in the first two days.
Presentation of Depressive Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Angel Lisa , Ailey Sarah H. , Delaney Kathleen R. , Mohr Lynn 
Published: August 2023

Background: Depressive disorders are frequently mis- and underdiagnosed in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Objective: Our objective was to identify and synthesize current knowledge regarding (1) the presentation of depressive symptoms and (2) the use of self-reports in assessing depressive symptoms in individuals with ASD and comparisons between self-reported and observer-reported symptoms. A scoping review was conducted to capture the full range of literature on the topic and to identify research gaps. Methods: Articles were identified through a search of academic literature and screened for relevance to the aims of the review. Results: In addition to typical depression symptoms, individuals with ASD may demonstrate atypical symptoms such as changes in autistic symptoms, self-injurious behavior, and psychomotor changes. Moreover, the review revealed a bias toward observer-reports of symptoms. Self-reports frequently were not included or were ascribed less weight than observer-reports. Self-reports typically differed from reports given by parents or other caregivers, but a consistent pattern in these differences has not been established. Conclusions: Further research on the use of self-reports in assessing depressive symptoms in individuals with ASD is needed. Self-reports may provide information not obtainable through observer-reports, and integrating both self- and observer-reports in psychiatric evaluations may produce more comprehensive and accurate assessments.
Temperature Outcomes without heater cooler units in adult patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hoyler Marguerite , Baidya Joydeep , Rippon Brady , Debois William , Srivastava Ankur , Iannacone Erin , Girardi Natalia Ivascu 
Published: August 2023

Introduction Heater-cooler units (HCUs) are frequently incorporated into extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuits to help maintain patient normothermia. However, these devices may be associated with increased cost and infection risk. This study describes our institution’s experience managing adult ECMO patients without the routine use of in-circuit HCUs. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of adult patients treated with veno-venous (VV) or veno-arterial (VA) ECMO at our institution. The primary outcomes were rates of HCU use and the relative duration of the ECMO treatment course in which patients maintained normothermia (36-37.5°C), with and without HCUs. Secondary outcomes of mortality and ECMO-related complications were planned across HCU and non-HCU groups; exploratory analyses were performed across a 75% “ECMO time in normothermia” threshold. Results Among a cohort of 71 patients, zero (0%) were managed with in-circuit HCUs. A majority of ECMO patient-hours were spent in the normothermic range. Median and mean percentages of ECMO normothermia time were 75% (IQR 49%–81%) and 62% (SD ± 27%). Twenty-nine patients (40%) met the threshold of 75% ECMO normothermia time, as used to evaluate secondary outcomes. At this threshold, mortality risk was significantly higher among the non-normothermic cohort; other ECMO-related complications did not vary significantly. Conclusions In the absence of HCU use, the majority of ECMO patient-hours were spent in normothermia. However, only a minority of patients achieved normothermia for at least 75% of their ECMO course. In-circuit HCUs may be required to maintain high percentages of normothermic time in adult EMCO patients.
The Total Intra Venous Anesthesia Effect Versus Volatile Anesthesia, on Stress and Pain Levels, in Patients Undergoing Breast Reconstruction in Ambulatory Surgery Center Total Intra Venous Anesthesia Protocol and Stress Response
Authors: Kapritsou Maria , Bozas Evangelos , Stavrianos Spyridon , Salatas Konstantinos , Plastiras Aris , Pistolas Konstantinos , Fyrfiris Nikolaos , Kotrotsiou Maria , Konstantinou Evangelos A. 
Published: August 2023

Aim To compare pain and stress response through cortisol and DHEA levels, implementing. Total intra venous anesthesia (TIVA) versus general anesthesia with volatile anesthetics (VOL). Design This is a prospective randomized correlation study with consecutive measurements. Methods In an ambulatory surgical center from October of 2019 to August of 2020, patients who underwent breast reconstruction with autologous fat grafting were randomized into 2 groups. Patients in the TIVA group ( n = 23) received intravenous anesthesia and those in the VOL group ( n = 23) received volatile anesthesia (desflurane). Demographic, anthropometric and clinical data were recorded. Arterial systolic (SP) and diastolic (DP) blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation were recorded. Pain and stress levels were evaluated through salivary cortisol and DHEA levels at 4 different time points: T0) 1 hour before induction, T1) during the induction, T2) during anesthesia maintenance, and T3) in recovery phase. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 25.0 at significant level α = .05. Findings There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups regarding demographic features. Interestingly that there was a statistically significant difference in the vital sign monitoring where patients in the TIVA group reported with higher levels of SP(T2) and DP (T2), whilst DHEA (T1) levels was correlated positively with patient’s age and cortisol (T1) levels and negatively with DP (T3). Conclusions This study supports the use of TIVA as a safe and effective option for anesthesia in patients undergoing breast reconstruction with autologous fat grafting.
A content validity, reliability and quality analysis of peripheral intravenous catheterization videos on YouTube™
Authors: Özsaban Aysel , Bayram Aysun 
Published: August 2023

Background: YouTube™ has become a potential way to integrate technology into nursing curriculum and acquire skills. However, it is important to review the accuracy of the information contained in YouTube™. This study was conducted to evaluate the content validity, reliability and quality of YouTube™ videos on peripheral intravenous catheterization. Methods: In this descriptive study, videos were searched using the keyword ‘Peripheral Venous Catheter’. The content validity, reliability and quality of the videos were evaluated using the ‘Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization Insertion Skill Form’, ‘DISCERN Questionnaire’, ‘Global Quality Scale’, respectively. These videos were categorized by their theme, upload source, technical features and analysed statistically. Results: Of the 48 videos, 38 (79.2%) classified as an useful video, 24 (50%) were uploaded by medical educational platforms and 28 (58.3%) had an average technical feature. There was a statistically significant difference between the reliability, quality, content validity scores by the video theme ( p < 0.05). The content validity, reliability and quality score of useful videos were higher than misleading videos. In addition, pairwise comparisons indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the content validity, reliability and quality scores of Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization demonstrated on a person or a mannequin were higher than those applied with ultrasonography ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: As a result of the reviewing of the videos, it was determined that these videos provided useful content. Despite this positive result, some videos provide risky information for patient safety due to issues such as ignoring the asepsis principles and not including proper Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization steps. It may be recommended to consider the Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization steps and patient safety principles in international guidelines in the preparation of videos showing the Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization insertion.
The Effectiveness of Risankizumab Following Guselkumab Failure in Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Hamm Camille , Ramsoondar Nusha , McGillis Michaela , Waugh Miranda , Gooderham Melinda , Giroux Lyne L. 
Published: August 2023

Background Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a strong genetic predisposition and autoimmune component that is often treated with immunomodulators such as biologic therapy. Guselkumab is a biologic treatment option that selectively targets the p19 subunit of interleukin (IL)−23; risankizumab is a more recently developed monoclonal antibody of the same class that targets IL-23p19. There is limited research around effective treatment response with intra class switching within IL-23-targeted therapies for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Objectives The purpose is to assess patient response to risankizumab after guselkumab failure for the treatment of plaque psoriasis. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted for 13 patients meeting inclusion criteria. Physical examination findings were converted to a 5-point static physicians’ global assessment (sPGA) score. Baseline, 4-month, and 12-month sPGA scores were assigned from visits immediately prior to and during their course of risankizumab treatment. sPGA scores were analyzed to compare changes between baseline and 4 months and 12 months of therapy. Results Patients treated with risankizumab had lower sPGA scores after both 4 and 12 months compared to their baseline sPGA score. 46% of patients met the primary outcome of an sPGA score of 0 or 1 at 4 months of risankizumab, increasing to 90% of patients at 12 months. Conclusions Our findings reflect an improvement in sPGA scores when patients are treated with risankizumab following guselkumab failure. This highlights the benefit of in-class switch to risankizumab when patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis have failed multiple treatments including guselkumab.
Effects of a cardiopulmonary telerehabilitation using functional exercises in individuals after COVID-19 hospital discharge: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: da Silva Marcela M. C. , Viana Daiane R. , Colucci Maria G. , Gonzaga Luana A. , Arcuri Juliano F. , Frade Maria C. M. , de Facio Carina A. , Zopelari Lívia M. P. , de Figueiredo Tathyana E. N. , Franco Francisco J. B. Z. , Catai Aparecida M , Di Lorenzo Valéria A P. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction Individuals with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may present respiratory and motor complications, requiring rehabilitation programs (RP) for long periods. However, access to cardiopulmonary rehabilitation is poor. Cardiopulmonary telerehabilitation is an alternative for cardiopulmonary dysfunction, improving functional capacity, dyspnea, and quality of life. Moreover, few clinical trials verified the effectiveness of telerehabilitation using functional exercise for post-COVID symptoms. Thus, the present study aimed to verify the effects of cardiopulmonary telerehabilitation using functional and accessible exercises in individuals after COVID-19 hospital discharge. Methods This blinded, randomized, and controlled clinical trial and included 67 adult individuals after COVID-19 hospital discharge. Participants were randomized into the groups of telerehabilitation (TG; n = 33) and control (CG; n = 34). TG underwent an individualized exercise program (functional and accessible exercises) supervised by a physical therapist (videoconference), and CG received guidance on general care and self-monitoring of vital signs (videoconference). The primary outcome was performance and physiological responses on the 6-minute step test (6MST). Secondary outcomes were performance on the 2-minute stationary walk test (2MSWT), 30-second chair stand test (30CST), and quality of life using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire physical functioning concept (PF). Results Functional capacity (6MST) improved by 28 ± 17 steps in TG and 15 ± 26 in CG ( p = 0.04). For secondary outcomes, performance on 2MSWT increased by 39 ± 6 steps in TG and 10 ± 6 in CG ( p = 0.00); 30CST by 3 ± 1 repetitions in TG and 1.5 ± 0.5 in CG ( p = 0.05); and PF (SF-36) by 17 ± 4 points in TG and 12 ± 4 in CG ( p = 0.00). Also, peak oxygen uptake VO2peak (6MST) improved by 3.8 ± 1 mL min−1 kg−1 in TG and 4.1 ± 1 in CG ( p = 0.6), and heart rate demand (6MST) by 11 ± 37% in TG and −4 ± 19% in CG ( p = 0.04). Conclusions Cardiopulmonary telerehabilitation using functional exercises improved the exercise and functional capacity assessed using 6MST, 30CST, and 2MSWT and the quality of life of individuals after COVID-19 hospital discharge.