bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Relay Coordination in Solar PV Integrated Power System using Hyper-Sphere Search algorithm
Authors: Rath Shanti S. , Panda Gayadhar , Ray Prakash K , Mohanty Asit 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The coordination between the relays is extremely important in power network to improve the power systemprotection and reliability. Hence, several soft computing approaches like Genetic Algorithm,particle swarm optimization (PSO) and grey wolfoptimization (GWO) are used to evaluate an optimal value of the Time Setting Multiplier (TSM) and PlugSetting Multiplier (PSM) of the primary as well as back up relays. In recent days, a new optimization technique such as Hyper-Sphere Search(HSS) algorithm, is suggested.This algorithm is suggested in order to find out the optimum values related to overcurrent relays and their TSMs.Results of HSS is compared with other conventional algorithms such as Genetic Algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and grey wolfoptimization (GWO) which are implemented in other previous studies. Further the simulation outcome establish the efficacy and adaptibility of HSS algorithm in providing better coordination.Several case studies are presented in the simulationresults and discussion section to analyze the system protection and relay coordination under the faults at the differentlocation of an IEEE 8-bus and IEEE 14-bus power systems. Comparative performance clearly suggests the improvedperformanceof HSS in comparison to the other techniques.
Substrate metabolism and metabolic flexibility in male astronauts onboard the International Space Station: The ENERGY study
Authors: Bergouignan Audrey , Roux Elisa Le , Zahariev Alexandre , Bourdier Pierre , Chery Isabelle , Schoeller Dale , Maillet Alain , Thévenot Cécile , Garnotel Maël , Gauquelin-Koch Guillemette , Berg Laurie Van Der , Blanc stephane , Simon Chantal 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Simulated microgravity is known to induce a shift in fasting fuel selection in favor of carbohydrate use and in detriment of lipids, and to reduce metabolic flexibility (MF), i.e., the capacity to adjust fuel oxidation to changes in substrate availability and energy demand. Given their potential adverse effects on performance and health, we aimed to determine whether such metabolic alterations occur in astronauts during long-term spaceflights. We further explored the associations with diet, physical activity, and body composition. Before and after at least three months onboard the International Space Station, respiratory quotient (RQ), carbohydrate and fat oxidation were measured by indirect calorimetry before and following a standardized meal in 11 male astronauts (age=45.7 [SD 7.7] years, BMI=24.3 [2.1] kg/m²). MF was determined by 0-to-260 min postprandial incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of nutrient oxidation and the difference between maximal postprandial and fasting RQ (ΔRQ). The food quotient (FQ) was calculated from diet logs. Fat (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured by hydrometry and physical activity by accelerometry and diary logs. Three months in space increased fasting RQ (P=0.01) and carbohydrate oxidation (P=0.04), and decreased fasting lipid oxidation (P<0.01). An increase in FQ (P<0.001) indicated a shift in diet composition. Spaceflight-induced changes in RQ adjusted on ground RQ were associated with inflight FQ (P<0.01). No changes were noted in mean postprandial nutrient oxidation or ΔRQ. Individual postprandial lipid oxidation iAUC was negatively associated with changes in FFM and inflight aerobic exercise, and positively with changes in FM. The opposite was observed with postprandial carbohydrate oxidation. Changes in ΔRQ were negatively and positively related to FM and FFM changes, respectively. In conclusion, the shift in fasting substrate oxidation observed during spaceflight is essentially driven by dietary modifications. Between-astronaut variability in postprandial substrate oxidation depends on body composition changes and inflight physical activity.
Incoherence: a measure of complexity which quantifies
ensemble divergence and aleatoric uncertainty
Authors: Davey Timothy 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes a new measure, named incoherence, which can identify many features of complex
systems. It achieves this by quantifying the uncertainty arising from the lack of reproducibility (known
as aleatoric) in many real-world systems. This is vital for policy and decision-making, as currently this
type of uncertainty is often misinterpreted as a lack of data (known as epistemic) or worse, as lack of
confidence in the science. Rather than being an inevitable and irreducible feature of the system at hand,
as has been the case with the climate crisis. This ambiguity can be used as an excuse for inaction, where
establishing a contingencies-based approach to the decisions would have been much more effective.
Incoherence is designed to be both highly intuitive and interpretable so it can be used across disciplines
and domains. It does this by using the entropy of a system as a baseline measure, so that it can offer
consistency across nearly any structure, dimensionality or data type, be it continuous or discrete.
Residency training or migration: a multi-centric study exploring the inclination to migrate among medical residents in Iran
Authors: soltanizadeh adel , Okhovati Maryam , Shafian Sara , Ilaghi Mehran , Behjati Yasamin , Karamoozian Ali , Rezazadeh Hossein , Bahaadinbeigy Kambiz 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The migration of skilled medical professionals from low- and middle-income countries, particularly when facing a shortage of physicians, negatively affects the capacity to meet essential health and social needs. This study aimed to investigate the inclination to migrate and its associated factors from the perspective of medical residents in Iran.
Methods
This multi-centric cross-sectional study was conducted on the medical residents of four top-ranked medical schools across Iran. A validated questionnaire regarding the inclination to migrate and its associated factors was distributed among eligible medical residents from 17 specialized residency programs.
Results
A total of 254 responses were received. Findings demonstrated that 81.5% of medical residents were inclined to emigrate, while 79.5% stated that if they had the current insight about the condition of the residency programs at the time of enrollment, they would choose migration over entering the residency training. This implies that the conditions of the medical residency programs significantly impact the tendency to migrate among medical residents in Iran. However, the majority of participants had no planning to migrate. Most participants believed that the time after obtaining M.D. degree is the most appropriate time to migrate. The most common reasons for the inclination to migrate were disproportionate income compared to the workload and daily living costs, better welfare in destination countries, and unfair laws of employment and income in the health system.
Conclusion
An alarming percentage of medical residents in Iran are inclined to migrate. Improving the educational and professional status of the residency training programs via adjustment of the weekly shift hours and providing adequate salaries might increase the motivation of Iranian medical doctors to enter the residency program, thereby reducing their inclination to migrate.
Evaluation of Knowledge and Technique of Shade Selection Among Nigerian Dentists: a National Survey
Authors: SULAIMAN AMIDU , Adebayo Gbenga Emmanuel , Egbe Akinyemi Temietan , Agboghoroma Gloria Okeoghenemaro , Umanah Ayamma , Mejabi Martina Okeoghene , Omo Julie , Okoye Oge Linda 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the knowledge of tooth shade matching and the techniques for shade selection among Nigerian dentists.
Methods
A national survey covering all the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. It was a questionnaire based cross-sectional study in which practicing Dentists from government tertiary and secondary facilities as well as private dental practitioners participated. Both online and hardcopy questionnaires were used to collect data from the participants. Data pertaining to bio data, knowledge of shade selection, standard protocols and techniques of shade matching were obtained. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 23. (p value < 0.05)
Results
Of the 350 participants, 192 (54.9%) were male and 158 (45.1%) were females. Almost all (98.6%) of the participants have seen shade guide and most (88.6%) got their experience from the clinical practice. A good number (66.9%) of the participants were aware of the standard protocol for selecting tooth shade. A small proportion (35.1%) of the participants displayed good knowledge of tooth shade selection in general; however, a greater percentage (58.5%) of them exhibited good technique of shade matching. The majority of the participants that demonstrated poor knowledge also showed poor adherence to shade selection protocols and this was statistically significant (p-value = 0.001).
Conclusions
The outcome of this study revealed a manageably fair experience of the participants in the technique of tooth shade selection. This could be improved with the proper adherent to the standard protocols of tooth shade selection and wherever available the use of advance method of tooth shade selection.
Unraveling the carbon emissions Puzzle: Assessing the impact of FDI, financial development, and fossil fuel energy consumption on China's commitment to COP26 Agenda - Asymmetric evidence
Authors: Wu Peixuan , Liu Dunhu , Yang Li , Yang Jianchao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the context of China, this study investigates the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI), financial development, fossil fuel energy use, and CO2 emissions. We examine both short- and long-run dynamics, as well as asymmetries, in the connection between these factors and CO2 emissions using the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model. By utilizing a sophisticated econometric strategy that captures the complexity and nonlinearities of this connection, the study adds to the body of current knowledge. The empirical results show that FDI, financial development, fossil fuel energy use, and CO2 emissions have substantial correlations and asymmetries. Results indicate that FDI and financial development have positive short-term effects on CO2 emissions, but their long-term impacts are negative, indicating that sustainable investment and financial practices may have environmental benefits. Furthermore, fossil fuel energy consumption exhibits a positive relationship with CO2 emissions, emphasizing the need for cleaner energy sources to mitigate environmental impacts. A number of recommendations have been made, including attracting green and sustainable investments through incentives for renewable energy projects, developing green financial systems to facilitate sustainable financing, promoting the transition to cleaner energy sources, and implementing comprehensive policies against climate change aligned with international obligations.
Assessment of endodontic treatment and prevalence of apical periodontitis using cone-beam computed tomography: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lewusz-Butkiewicz Katarzyna , Kulas-Bałaban Aleksandra , Kaczor-Wiankowska Kinga , Kubala Elżbieta , Nowicka Alicja 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was a retrospective cross-sectional study of the population of Szczecin (Poland) performed to evaluate the quality of endodontic treatment and the condition of the periapical tissues of permanent teeth based on cone-beam computed tomography images and the influence of the quality of endodontic treatment on the occurrence of periapical lesions.
Methods
The retrospective study included a group of patients who underwent cone-beam computed tomography at the University Dental Clinic of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin. An endodontically treated tooth index (ETTI) was used to evaluate endodontic treatment. Once apical periodontitis was recognised, the size, extent and ratio of adjacent anatomical structures were assessed using the complex periapical index (COPI). The ETTI and COPI indicators mentioned above are combined to form the Periapical and Endodontic Status Scale (PESS).
Results
Analysis of the cone-beam computed tomography images showed that endodontic treatment was performed in 9.9% of the teeth examined, of which 52.7% of the canals were treated correctly, while 28.1% of the root canals were found to be underfilled, 6.8% were overfilled, 9.3% of the root canals were not obturated at all, and in 3.1% of the teeth examined, the filling material was only visible in the pulp chamber. Apical periodontitis was observed in 6% of all teeth examined, while the percentage of teeth following endodontic treatment was 38.5%.
Conclusions
The quality of the endodontic treatment provided to the population of Szczecin is unsatisfactory. Lack of root canal filling homogeneity is a significant risk factor for endodontic treatment failure. Improper endodontic treatment and poor quality of crown restoration after endodontic treatment have an impact on the increased risk of occurrence, size, degree of root coverage and extent of inflammatory periapical lesions in relation to adjacent anatomical structures.
HSC70，HSPA1A, and HSP90AB1 Facilitate Ebola Virus trVLPs to Induce Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy
Authors: YU DONGSHAN , Yao Shu-Hao , Xi Wen-Na , Cheng Lin-Fang , Liu Fu-Min , Wu Haibo , Lu Xiang-Yun , Wu Nan-Ping , SUN SHUILIN , Yao Hang-Ping 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Ebola virus (EBOV) can induce autophagy to benefit the virus life cycle, but detailed mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We previously found that EBOV GP and VP40 proteins interact with host chaperones, including HSC70 (HSPA8), HSPA1A, and HSP90AB1, which are probably associated with chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA).
Methods
We developed EBOV-trVLPs to model the EBOV life cycle, infected 293T cells with trVLPs, evaluated CMA by GFP-LC3 and RFP-LAMP1 co-localization, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, and immunoblot analysis.
Results
The data suggest that EBOV-trVLPs may induce autophagy via CMA, but are not constrained by the CMA pathway. HSC70, HSPA1A and HSP90AB1 participate in and regulate the CMA induced by EBOV-trVLPs.
Conclusions
This is the first study of CMA induced by EBOV-trVLPs and provides insight into viral-host interactions that are presumably related to CMA.
Efficacy of Scapular Treatment on Chronic Neck Pain - A Systemic Review and Meta- Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Chen Yin , Yang Chunlan , Nie Kailu , Huang Jiapeng , Qu Yun , Wang Tingting 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: The treatment of chronic neck pain (CNP) is still a hot topic. This study evaluated the effects of scapular therapy in patients with CNP.
Method: Databases including MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE (via Ovid), Ovid, Web of Science, and Scopuswere systematically searched for randomized controlled trials published in English investigating treatments of the scapula for CNP before July 16, 2023.
Result: A total of 313 participants from 8 RCTs were included. In comparison with the control groups, the intervention groups with scapular treatment showed better efficiency in improving pain intensity (SMD=2.55; 95% CI=0.97 to 4.13; P=0.002) with moderate evidence. Subgroup analysis for pain intensity revealed a significant difference between the sexes, with only the female population (SMD=6.23, 95% CI=4.80 to 7.65) showing better outcomes than those with both sexes (SMD=1.07, 95% CI=0.57 to 1.56) (p<0.00001). However, moderate evidencedemonstrated no improvement of scapular treatments on neck disability (an SMD of 0.24[-0.14, 0.62] of Neck Disability Index or Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire).In addition, the pressure pain threshold seemed not to be improved, and neck functions, muscle activation status and cervical range of motioncould not be conclusively concluded due to limited support in articles, but head forward posture appeared to be corrected with moderate to low evidence.
Conclusion: Scapular therapy is beneficial in improving pain intensity in patients with CNP, especially in women, but may not improve neck disability. Whether scapular therapy can improve neck muscle function and activity in patients with CNP needs further study.
CLK2-mediated IκBα-independent early-termination of NF-κB activation by phosphorylating nuclear-p65 for cytoplasmic redistribution and degradation
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Dong , Li Shang-Ze , Shu Qi-Peng , Liang Xin-Yi , Zhou Hai-Meng , Qi Lin-Zhi , He Ya-Nan , Liu Xue-Yi , Du Xue-Hua , Huang Xi-Chen , Du Run-Lei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The NF-κB transcription factor families play significant roles in both the inflammatory and immune responses. The activation of the NF-κB pathway is subject to strict regulation to prevent excessive inflammatory and immune responses. While a widely accepted negative feedback model, IκBs-dependent NF-κB termination is observed as a lagged response pattern in the later stage of activation, the prompt termination mechanisms of active NF-κB remain not fully clarified. Here, we show an IκBs-independent prompt termination model of nuclear NF-κB that CLK2 negatively regulates active NF-κB by phosphorylating the p65 subunit of NF-κB at Ser-180 in the nucleus to limit the transcriptional activation through degradation and nuclear export. Depletion of CLK2 enhances the production of inflammatory and antiviral cytokines and reduces viral replication. Meanwhile, ablation of Clk2 in mice promotes antiviral effects and increases the survival of mice after virus infection. Mechanistically, CLK2 interacts with and phosphorylates p65 at Ser-180 in the nucleus, leading to the ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation and cytoplasmic re-distribution. Importantly, the CLK2 inhibitor promotes the production of cytokines, reduces virus replication, and accelerates mouse psoriasis in vitro and in vivo. The study reveals a novel IκBs-independent NF-κB early-stage termination model wherein phosphorylated Ser-180 p65 turns off the post-translation modifications of transcriptional activation,ultimately resulting in the subsequent degradation and nuclear export of p65 to inhibit excessive inflammatory activation. Our findings show that Ser-180 phosphorylation of p65 in the nucleus serves as the main repression switch of early-stage NF-κB activation, thereby improving the recognition of the NF-κB negative regulation model in time and space.
Red cell distribution width-to-albumin ratio is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in the general population
Authors: Li Wenhua , Song Yanbin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Red cell distribution width to albumin ratio (RAR) has been demonstrated to be associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, it is still unknown whether the RAR affects atrial fibrillation (AF) . Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between RAR and AF in general population.
Methods: A total of 2436 participants were retrospectively included. Red cell distribution width, albumin and other data were collected. AF was confirmed using 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) or 24-hour Holter. All participants were divided into four groups according to the RAR values by quartile (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to examine the correlation between RAR and AF.
Results: Among the 2436 participants, 227 (9.3%) AF cases were observed. The RDW and RAR were significantly higher in AF group than in non-AF group (all P<0.001). Univariate logistic regression showed an positive association between RAR and AF (P<0.001). In multivariate logistic regression, RAR was found to be an independent risk factor of AF after adjusting for confounding factors (OR:2.015, 95%CI:1.315-3.089, P=0.001) .
Conclusions: The present study indicated that elevated RAR level was independently correlated with increased risk of AF in general population.
Microplastic in an apex predator: evidence from barn owl (Tyto alba) pellets in two sites with different levels of anthropization
Authors: Pietrelli Loris , Dodaro Giuseppe , Pelosi Ilaria , Menegoni Patrizia , Battisti Corrado , Coccia Cristina , Scalici Massimiliano 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Plastic pollution in terrestrial and freshwater environments and its accumulation along food chains has been poorly studied in birds. The barn owl (Tyto alba) is an opportunistic and nocturnal apex predator feeding mostly on small mammals. In this note, we report the first evidence of microplastics (MPs) contamination in barn owl pellets collected in two sites with different levels of anthropization (low: natural landscape mosaic vs. high: extensive croplands). The following polymers have been recorded: Polyvinylchloride (PVC), Polyethylene (PE), Expanded Polyester (EPS), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT), Polyester, Viscose, and starch-based Biopolymer. We found significant higher MPs frequency and density (MPs items/total preyed biomass), in the most anthropized site. Our results suggest that pellet’ analysis may represent a cost-effective method for monitoring MP contamination along food chains in terrestrial ecosystems.
Occurrence of the Indo-West Pacific starfish Luidia magnifica (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the Mexican Pacific and a possible introduction to the Caribbean region
Authors: Galván-Villa Cristian Moisés , Solís-Marín Francisco Alonso , Lopez Karen , Cobb Janessa C. , Díaz-Pérez Leopoldo , Rezende-Ventura Carlos R. , Slivak Nataly , Ford Colby T. , Janies Daniel A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The starfish Luidia magnifica (Asteroidea: Paxillosida: Luidiidae) is one of the biggest multiradiate starfish in the world that occurs in the Philippines, French Polynesia, and the Hawaiian Islands. Since its description in 1905 by Fisher, very few observations of this species have been documented therefore, limited information is available on this species. We present new shallow-water records for the Mexican Pacific obtained between 2017 and 2021. A total of 15 specimens of L. magnifica were recorded in the bay of Manzanillo, Colima, central Mexican Pacific. The specimens were collected manually, preserved, and deposited in two biological collections in Mexico: Biological Collection of the Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Microbiología y Taxonomía (LEMITAX), Universidad de Guadalajara and in the National Collection of Echinoderms "Dra. M. E. Caso" Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (ICML), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). A morphological description of specimens collected and additional ecological data is provided. Molecular techniques were applied to verify species identification. This record represents a considerable expansion of the known distribution range of L. magnifica and provides the first evidence of the presence of this species in the tropical Eastern Pacific. The presence of L. magnifica larvae from the Caribbean coast of Panama was also identified from DNA sequencing, indicating that it is possible that the species also occurs in this region. Because observations of the starfish in the Eastern Pacific have been recent, we assume the presence of larvae in the Caribbean is a recent introduction, possibly in ballast water of ships crossing the Panama Canal from the Eastern Pacific to the Western Atlantic.