bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of flood in Nandigama, Andhra Pradesh, using hydrological and hydraulic models
Authors: Reddy Poli Sainath , Bhavani R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe rapid and frequent mapping of flood areas is crucial for monitoring and mitigating flood disasters. This study aimed to devise a flood inundation map for Nandigama City, located in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. To analyze flood inundation, the HEC‐HMS hydrologic model was used to assess the effects of land‐use changes on runoff. The analysis of land use and land cover (LULC) revealed a significant increase in urban expansion around the study area over the last 30 years. The rise in urbanization and impervious surfaces has led to an 11.85% increase in the average peak discharge, from 4.39 m3/s in 2000 to 4.91 m3/s in 2020. These findings can provide significant insights for urban policymakers in the planning and management of flood control infrastructure in Nandigama.
Prussian Blue Analogues Derived Heterostructured CoS2/FeS2 Particles Anchored on Carbon Nanosheets as Anodes for Boosted Sodium Storage Properties
Authors: Yang Yefeng , Hu Jiajia , Ren Gaoya , Wen Yi , Lin Qiurou , Yao Zhujun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPyrite FeS2 has emerged as promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Nevertheless, low electrical conductivity, large volume variation and shuttling effect generally lead to low specific capacity and inferior rate capability, greatly impeding its practical application. Here, heterostructured CoS2/FeS2 particles anchored on ultrathin carbon nanosheets (denoted as CoS2/FeS2/C) have been fabricated using a simple and facile co‐precipitation combined with carbonization and gas sulfurization processes. The combination of bifunctional N‐doped carbon nanosheets and unique heterostructure can provide better electrical conductivity, enhanced ion diffusion kinetics and offer reinforced structural integrity. Benefitting from the compositional and structural advantages, the as‐prepared CoS2/FeS2/C hybrid composite exhibits boosted sodium storage properties, including outstanding rate capability (500.4 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1) and cycling stability with a retention of 95.8 % after 700 cycles.
Keeping it simple: simplified frameworks for long-lived particles at neutrino facilities
Authors: Batell Brian , Huang Wenjie , Kelly Kevin J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Modern-day accelerator neutrino facilities are excellent venues for searches for new-physics particles. Many distinct new-physics models predict overlapping signatures and phenomenology in these experiments. In this work, we advocate for the adoption of simplified frameworks when studying these types of new-physics signatures, which are characterized by a small number of primary variables, including particle masses, lifetimes, and production and decay modes/rates that most directly control signal event rates and kinematics. In particular, taking the example of long-lived particles that decay inside a neutrino detector as a test case, we study formulate and study simplified frameworks in the context of light scalars/fermions produced in kaon decays which then decay into final states containing an electron-positron pair. We show that using these simplified frameworks can allow for individual experimental analyses to be applicable to a wide variety of specific model scenarios. As a side benefit, we demonstrate that using this approach can allow for the T2K collaboration, by reinterpreting its search for Heavy Neutral Leptons, to be capable of setting world-leading limits on the Higgs-Portal Scalar model. Furthermore, we argue the simplified framework interpretation can serve as a bridge to model identification in the hopeful detection of a new-physics signal. As an illustration, we perform a first determination of the likelihood that, in the presence of a new-physics signal in a detector like the DUNE ND-GAr, multiple different new-physics hypotheses (such as the Higgs-Portal Scalar and Heavy Neutral Lepton ones) can be disentangled. We demonstrate that this model discrimination is favorable for some portions of detectable new-physics parameter space but for others, it is more challenging.
Metric fluctuations in higher-dimensional black holes
Authors: Han Hyewon , Gwak Bogeun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We investigated the impact of metric fluctuations on the higher-dimensional black hole geometry. We generalized the four-dimensional model to higher dimensions to treat quantum vacuum fluctuations by the classical approach. A fluctuating black hole is portrayed by a higher-dimensional Vaidya metric with a spherically oscillating mass. Assuming a small fluctuation amplitude, we employed a perturbation method to obtain a radially outgoing null geodesic equation up to the second order in the fluctuation. Furthermore, the fluctuation of the event horizon up to the second order depends on the number of spacetime dimensions. Therefore, the time-averaged values of the thermodynamic variables defined at the horizon also feature dimension-dependent correction terms. A general solution was obtained for rays propagating near the horizon within a fluctuating geometry. Upon examining this in a large D limit, we found that a complete solution can be obtained in a compact form.
Geometric quantum discord signals non-factorization
Authors: Banerjee Souvik , Basteiro Pablo , Das Rathindra Nath , Dorband Moritz 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We propose the information-theoretic quantity of geometric quantum discord (GQD) as an indicator of the factorization properties of a given quantum system. In particular, we show how non-vanishing discord implies that the corresponding partition function does not factorize, both for generic pure states and the thermofield double state as a state with a known geometric dual in light of the AdS/CFT correspondence. Via this analysis, we give a novel interpretation to the thermomixed double state as the best purely classical approximation of the Einstein-Rosen bridge. We connect the non-vanishing of GQD with the existence of wormhole microstates.
Identification of representative sampling sites for the investigation of aerial longer distances transport of pesticides in Germany
Authors: Kubiak Roland , Peters Anna , Gathmann Achim , Hohgardt Karsten , Kula Christine , Marutzky Daniela , Streib Lucas , Thomas Kai , Trapp Matthias 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAerial transport of pesticides during and after their application both over medium range distances and long distance may lead to residues on plants and soil far away from agricultural treatments. Therefore, the Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety carried out a Germany-wide geographical analysis to identify monitoring sites which could be used for a representative German-wide monitoring. The identified sites reflect climate areas with different meteorological conditions, land coverage and pesticide use. By using a geographical information system, five different areas were identified representing the climatic and agricultural conditions of pesticide use in Germany. Since the required measuring technique needed a certain infrastructure, using already existing measuring sides was considered to be most efficient in order to use them for a German-wide monitoring. In a second step, agro-meteorological weather stations with distances of < 100 m, 100–1000 m and > 1 km in the main wind direction from treated fields were identified within these areas. The identified areas reflect the main different conditions for aerial pesticide transport along with suitable weather stations to monitor pesticide residues in the air and its deposition on plants and soil all over Germany.
Sex influences elemental variation in the mineralized vertebrae cartilage of round stingray (Urobatis halleri)
Authors: Brodbeck Bethany E. , Lyons Kady , Miller Nathan R. , Mohan John A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe elemental composition of mineralized vertebral cartilage has proven useful for reconstructing the movement and environmental history of elasmobranchs. However, the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on vertebral chemistry have not been well explored, making meaningful interpretations of results difficult. This study quantified trace element incorporation along the corpus calcareum of 116 Round Stingray (Urobatis halleri) vertebrae and explored the influence of intrinsic (i.e., sex) and extrinsic (i.e., location and year) factors on vertebral edge chemical variations. We quantified eight element/Ca ratios (Li/Ca, Mg/Ca, Mn/Ca, Co/Ca, Cu/Ca, Zn/Ca, Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca) by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Behavioral sexual segregation by Round Stingrays explained differences found in Mn/Ca, Zn/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Ba/Ca ratios. Higher vertebral Mn/Ca and Zn/Ca in females likely originate from the use of salt marsh habitats as a refuge as well as higher reproductive hormone concentrations during gestation, respectively. Female and male Round Stingrays were also found to have an inverse relationship between Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca, likely due to environmental differences (e.g., temperature) between their sexually segregated habitats. This study demonstrates how multielement signatures in vertebral cartilage may improve understanding of habitat use and migration throughout life and advances the development of biomineral usage as an environmental proxy in elasmobranchs.
Neural mechanism of circadian clock-based photoperiodism in insects and snails
Authors: Hamanaka Yoshitaka , Hasebe Masaharu , Shiga Sakiko 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe photoperiodic mechanism distinguishes between long and short days, and the circadian clock system is involved in this process. Although the necessity of circadian clock genes for photoperiodic responses has been demonstrated in many species, how the clock system contributes to photoperiodic mechanisms remains unclear. A comprehensive study, including the functional analysis of relevant genes and physiology of their expressing cells, is necessary to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms. Since Drosophila melanogaster exhibits a shallow photoperiodism, photoperiodic mechanisms have been studied in non-model species, starting with brain microsurgery and neuroanatomy, followed by genetic manipulation in some insects. Here, we review and discuss the involvement of the circadian clock in photoperiodic mechanisms in terms of neural networks in insects. We also review recent advances in the neural mechanisms underlying photoperiodic responses in insects and snails, and additionally circadian clock systems in snails, whose involvement in photoperiodism has hardly been addressed yet. Brain neurosecretory cells, insulin-like peptide/diuretic hormone44-expressing pars intercerebralis neurones in the bean bug Riptortus pedestris and caudo-dorsal cell hormone-expressing caudo-dorsal cells in the snail Lymnaea stagnalis, both promote egg laying under long days, and their electrical excitability is attenuated under short and medium days, which reduces oviposition. The photoperiodic responses of the pars intercerebralis neurones are mediated by glutamate under the control of the clock gene period. Thus, we are now able to assess the photoperiodic response by neurosecretory cell activity to investigate the upstream mechanisms, that is, the photoperiodic clock and counter.
Comparative analysis of surgical management approaches for hydatid liver cysts: conventional vs. minimally invasive techniques
Authors: Elmoghazy Walid , Alqahtani Jowhara , Kim Seon Woo , Sulieman Ibnouf , Elaffandi Ahmed , Khalaf Hatem 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Hydatid liver disease is a prevalent condition in endemic areas, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa. The use of laparoscopy as a treatment option has gained popularity. However, there is still ongoing debate regarding the optimal approach for surgical management. In this study, we present our experience with the surgical treatment of hydatid liver disease comparing conventional and minimally invasive approaches, including laparoscopic and robotic options.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of patients who underwent surgery for hydatid liver disease at our institution. Data was collected on the patients’ clinical presentations, cyst characteristics, surgical procedures performed, intraoperative findings, and postoperative complications.

Results
A total of 98 hydatid liver cysts were surgically managed in 57 patients. The mean age of the patients was 37.2 ± 10.2 years, with 38 (66.7%) being male. Among the patients, 14 (24.6%) underwent conventional surgery (6 partial pericystectomy, 4 total pericystectomy, and 4 liver resection), 37 (64.9%) underwent laparoscopic surgery (31 partial pericystectomy, 4 total pericystectomy, and 2 liver resection), and 6 (10.5%) underwent robotic surgery (6 partial pericystectomy). There were no significant differences between the conventional surgery and minimally invasive groups in terms of patient age, gender, cyst size, or number. However, laparotomy was associated with a higher number of total pericystectomy and liver resection procedures compared to the minimally invasive approach (P = 0.010). Nonetheless, the operation time and blood loss were comparable between both groups. Perioperative complications occurred in 19 (33.3%) patients, with 16 (84%) experiencing minor issues. Bile leak occurred in 8 (14%) patients, resolving spontaneously in 5 patients. There was no significant difference (P = 0.314) in the incidence of complications between the two groups. Conventional surgery, however, was associated with a significantly longer hospital stay (P = 0.034). During follow-up, there were no cases of mortality or cyst recurrence in our cohort.

Conclusion
Minimally invasive approaches for hydatid liver cysts offer advantages such as shorter hospitalization and potentially quicker recovery, making them valuable treatment options when accompanied by careful patient selection and adherence to proper surgical techniques.
Swin-LBP: a competitive feature engineering model for urine sediment classification
Authors: Erten Mehmet , Barua Prabal Datta , Tuncer Ilknur , Dogan Sengul , Baygin Mehmet , Tuncer Turker , Tan Ru-San , Acharya U. Rajendra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAutomated urine sediment analysis has become an essential part of diagnosing, monitoring, and treating various diseases that affect the urinary tract and kidneys. However, manual analysis of urine sediment is time-consuming and prone to human bias, and hence there is a need for an automated urine sediment analysis systems using machine learning algorithms. In this work, we propose Swin-LBP, a handcrafted urine sediment classification model using the Swin transformer architecture and local binary pattern (LBP) technique to achieve high classification performance. The Swin-LBP model comprises five phases: preprocessing of input images using shifted windows-based patch division, six-layered LBP-based feature extraction, neighborhood component analysis-based feature selection, support vector machine-based calculation of six predicted vectors, and mode function-based majority voting of the six predicted vectors to generate four additional voted vectors. Our newly reconstructed urine sediment image dataset, consisting of 7 distinct classes, was utilized for training and testing our model. Our proposed model has several advantages over existing automated urinalysis systems. Firstly, we used a feature engineering model that enables high classification performance with linear complexity. This means that it can provide accurate results quickly and efficiently, making it an attractive alternative to time-consuming and biased manual urine sediment analysis. Additionally, our model outperformed existing deep learning models developed on the same source urine sediment image dataset, indicating its superiority in urine sediment classification. Our model achieved 92.60% accuracy for 7-class urine sediment classification, with an average precision of 92.05%. These results demonstrate that the proposed Swin-LBP model can provide a reliable and efficient solution for the diagnosis, surveillance, and therapeutic monitoring of various diseases affecting the kidneys and urinary tract. The proposed model's accuracy, speed, and efficiency make it an attractive option for clinical laboratories and healthcare facilities. In conclusion, the Swin-LBP model has the potential to revolutionize urine sediment analysis and improve patient outcomes in the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract and kidney diseases.
Effect of inorganic fillers on the light transmission through traditional or flowable resin-matrix composites for restorative dentistry
Authors: Fidalgo-Pereira Rita , Carvalho Óscar , Catarino Susana O. , Henriques Bruno , Torres Orlanda , Braem Annabel , Souza Júlio C. M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the light transmission through five different resin-matrix composites regarding the inorganic filler content.

Methods
Resin-matrix composite disc-shaped specimens were prepared on glass molds. Three traditional resin-matrix composites contained inorganic fillers at 74, 80, and 89 wt. % while two flowable composites revealed 60 and 62.5 wt. % inorganic fillers. Light transmission through the resin-matrix composites was assessed using a spectrophotometer with an integrated monochromator before and after light curing for 10, 20, or 40s. Elastic modulus and nanohardness were evaluated through nanoindentation’s tests, while Vicker’s hardness was measured by micro-hardness assessment. Chemical analyses were performed by FTIR and EDS, while microstructural analysis was conducted by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Data were evaluated using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05).

Results
After polymerization, optical transmittance increased for all specimens above 650-nm wavelength irradiation since higher light exposure time leads to increased light transmittance. At 20- or 40-s irradiation, similar light transmittance was recorded for resin composites with 60, 62, 74, or 78–80 wt. % inorganic fillers. The lowest light transmittance was recorded for a resin-matrix composite reinforced with 89 wt. % inorganic fillers. Thus, the size of inorganic fillers ranged from nano- up to micro-scale dimensions and the high content of micro-scale inorganic particles can change the light pathway and decrease the light transmittance through the materials. At 850-nm wavelength, the average ratio between polymerized and non-polymerized specimens increased by 1.6 times for the resin composite with 89 wt. % fillers, while the composites with 60 wt. % fillers revealed an increased ratio by 3.5 times higher than that recorded at 600-nm wavelength. High mean values of elastic modulus, nano-hardness, and micro-hardness were recorded for the resin-matrix composites with the highest inorganic content.

Conclusions
A high content of inorganic fillers at 89 wt.% decreased the light transmission through resin-matrix composites. However, certain types of fillers do not interfere on the light transmission, maintaining an optimal polymerization and the physical properties of the resin-matrix composites.

Clinical significance
The type and content of inorganic fillers in the chemical composition of resin-matrix composites do affect their polymerization mode. As a consequence, the clinical performance of resin-matrix composites can be compromised, leading to variable physical properties and degradation.

Graphical Abstract
Insights on the internal dynamics of bi-disperse granular flows from machine learning
Authors: Laudari Sudip , Marks Benjy , Rognon Pierre 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn granular flows, grains exhibit heterogeneous dynamics featuring large distributions of forces and velocities. Conventional statistical methods have previously revealed how these dynamical properties scale with the grain size in monodisperse flows. We explore here whether they differ between small and large grains in bi-disperse flows. In simulated silo flows comprised of dense and collisional zones, we use a machine learning classifier to attempt to distinguish small from large grains based on features such as velocity, acceleration and force. Results show that a classification based on grain velocity is not possible, which suggests that large and small grains feature statistically similar velocities. In the dense zones, classification based on force only fails too, indicating that small and large grains are subjected to similar forces. However, classification based on force and acceleration succeeds. This indicates that the classifier is sensitive to the correlation between forces and acceleration, i.e. Newton’s second law, and can thus detect differences in grain size via their mass. These results highlight the potential for machine learning to assist with better understanding the behaviour of granular flows and similar disordered fluids.
Use of major ion chemistry and trace and rare earth elements to characterize hydraulic relations, mixing processes and water–rock interaction in the Dong Van karst aquifer system, Northern Vietnam
Authors: Tran Diep Anh , Goeppert Nadine , Goldscheider Nico 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe effectiveness of using a groundwater geochemistry approach in karst hydrogeologic research is highlighted. In particular, this approach is useful for preliminary investigations, such as for the study described here on the Dong Van karst aquifer system in Northern Vietnam. Analyses of different groundwater chemistry parameters complement each other, to clarify hydrochemical processes that are occurring in the karst system. The results of this study show that major ion composition can be used to clarify water chemistry signatures, as well as to identify the mixing processes and water–rock interactions in aquifers. Meanwhile, trace element concentrations and rare earth element patterns can be used as potential natural tracers when some processes are not revealed through conventional hydrochemical methods. These natural tracers can also be used to identify contaminant sources and/or contaminant transport pathways in karst aquifers. Viewed holistically, the groundwater geochemistry approach provides scientific information to establish a basic hydrogeological conceptual model and to estimate the water balance, which has implications for water resources protection and management in karstic systems.
Fractional CO2 laser versus 1064-nm long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser for inflammatory acne vulgaris treatment: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hammoda Tasneem Muhammad , Ahmed Naglaa Abdallah , Hamdino Mervat 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAcne vulgaris is challenging to treat for several individuals. Laser therapy may be a desirable alternative to traditional therapies with limited success. This study aimed to assess efficacy of fractional CO2 laser versus Nd:YAG laser for acne vulgaris therapy. Thirty cases with acne vulgaris underwent both fractional CO2 laser and Nd: YAG laser treatments in a randomized split face design at a 14-day interval for four sessions. The clinical efficacy was evaluated by counting acne lesions and utilizing the Global Acne Severity Scale (GEA Scale). GEAs decreased significantly after both fractional CO2 and Nd:YAG modalities after treatment and at a 3-month follow-up; fractional CO2 demonstrated significant more decrease in GEAs with (P = 0.006, 0.00 (respectively. Moreover, fractional CO2 showed a significantly higher satisfaction level (P = 0.004) and a better clinical improvement percentage regarding inflammatory and noninflammatory acne lesions (P = 0.007 and 0.000, respectively) after 3 months of follow-up. Apart from transient erythema, there were insignificant adverse effects concerning both treated sides. Fractional CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers are efficient physical modalities of acne treatment. However, fractional CO2 laser was more effective and more satisfying to the patients.