bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning based beamforming for MISO systems with dirty‐paper coding
Authors: Lou Xingliang , Xia Wenchao , Wen Wanli , Zhao Haitao , Li Xiaohui , Wang Bin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBeamforming technique can effectively improve the spectrum utilization in the multi‐antenna systems, while the dirty‐paper coding (DPC) technique can reduce the inter‐user interference. In this letter, it is aimed to maximize the weighted sum‐rate under the total power constraint in the multiple‐input‐single‐output (MISO) system with the DPC technique. However, the existing methods of beamforming optimization mainly rely on customized iterative algorithms, which have high computational complexity. To address this issue, the beamforming neural network (BFNNet) is devised by utilizing the deep learning technique and the uplink‐downlink duality and exploring the optimal solution structure, which includes the deep neural network module and the signal processing module. Simulation results show that the BFNNet can achieve near‐optimal solutions and significantly reduce computational complexity.
Weighted alignment‐based multi‐source domain adaptation for object detection
Authors: Han Joonhwan , Woo Seungbeom , Hwang Joong‐won , Hwang Wonjun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBeyond single‐source domain adaption (DA) for object detection, multi‐source domain adaptation for object detection is another challenge because the authors should solve the multiple domain shifts between the source and target domains as well as between multiple source domains. In this letter, the authors propose a novel multi‐source domain adaptation via weighted alignment for object detection where the authors adopt a teacher–student framework. The authors first propose the weighted multiple binary discriminator (MBD) to align the multiple domains considering individual domain shifts. The authors also design the weighted class balance loss (CBL) that aligns the different weights to efficiently learn the detection model even if the number of objects is not balanced in an image under the teacher–student learning scheme. The authors empirically prove the superiority of our method on widely used benchmarks such as Cityscapes, KITTI, and BDD100k datasets.
Joint state estimation with integrated sensing and communications for UAV enabled 6G systems
Authors: Zhao Jianwei , Jia Weimin , Zhang Fenggan , He Fang , Jin Wei , Jiang Nan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntegrated sensing and communications (ISAC) is a key technique for UAV enabled 6G communications. In this paper, the joint state estimation problem for UAV aided 6G communications is considered. Firstly, the characteristics of the spatial channel is explored by considering the Jittering effects. Meanwhile, the channel characteristics of the spatial channel is analyzed. Then, a joint state estimation method is proposed by utilizing the ISAC technique, where the UAV attitude, the communication, and the control are jointly designed to benefit the system performance. Finally, various simulation results are provided to verify the performance of the proposed method.
Analytical modelling of a slotless tubular interior permanent magnet machine considering iron poles permeability
Authors: Javanmardi Mohammad Hosein , Rahideh Akbar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAn analytical method is proposed to model the magnetic field distribution across a slotless tubular interior permanent magnet machine. In order to consider the permeability of both permanent magnets and iron poles of the slider, in the proposed approach, instead of choosing each one as an individual sub‐domain, they are taken as an integrated sub‐domain. Therefore, the governing partial differential equation alters from Poisson equation to the governing magnetostatics equation for inhomogeneous (space‐dependent permeability) materials. The solution is derived through separation of variables method in which a Sturm‐Liouville problem is encountered. The solution and its important mathematical properties, such as the orthogonality and generalised Fourier series, are fully addressed. These properties are very helpful for creating linear interface equations in terms of the integral coefficients. In addition, since the number of sub‐domains is decreased, the total number of the unknowns of the final matrix of equations is reduced effectively. To validate the proposed method, a case study is simulated by the aid of computer software and its results are compared with those of finite element method. It has been observed that the results are in good agreement.
Automatic segmentation of the fine structures of sunspots in high-resolution solar images
Authors: Gong Xiaoying , Zhong Libo , Rao Changhui 
Published: January 2023

Context. With the development of large-aperture ground-based solar telescopes and the adaptive optics system, the resolution of the obtained solar images has become increasingly higher. In the high-resolution photospheric images, the fine structures (umbra, penumbra, and light bridge) of sunspots can be observed clearly. The research of the fine structures of sunspots can help us to understand the evolution of solar magnetic fields and to predict eruption phenomena that have significant impacts on the Earth, such as solar flares. Therefore, algorithms for automatically segmenting the fine structures of sunspots in high-resolution solar image will greatly facilitate the study of solar physics.
Aims. This study is aimed at proposing an automatic fine-structure segmentation method for sunspots that is accurate and requires little time.
Methods. We used the superpixel segmentation to preprocess a solar image. Next, the intensity information, texture information, and spatial location information were used as features. Based on these features, the Gaussian mixture model was used to cluster different superpixels. According to different intensity levels of the umbra, penumbra, and quiet photosphere, the clusters were classified into umbra, penumbra, and quiet-photosphere areas. Finally, the morphological method was used to extract the light-bridge area.
Results. The experimental results show that the method we propose can segment the fine structures of sunspots quickly and accurately. In addition, the method can process high-resolution solar images from different solar telescopes and generates a satisfactory segmentation performance.
MUSE crowded field 3D spectroscopy in NGC 300
Authors: Soemitro Azlizan A. , Roth Martin M. , Weilbacher Peter M. , Ciardullo Robin , Jacoby George H. , Monreal-Ibero Ana , Castro Norberto , Micheva Genoveva 
Published: January 2023

Aims. We perform a deep survey of planetary nebulae (PNe) in the spiral galaxy NGC 300 to construct its planetary nebula luminosity function (PNLF). We aim to derive the distance using the PNLF and to probe the characteristics of the most luminous PNe.
Methods. We analysed 44 fields observed with MUSE at the VLT, covering a total area of ∼11 kpc2. We find [O III]λ5007 sources using the differential emission line filter (DELF) technique. We identified PNe through spectral classification with the aid of the BPT diagram. The PNLF distance was derived using the maximum likelihood estimation technique. For the more luminous PNe, we also measured their extinction using the Balmer decrement. We estimated the luminosity and effective temperature of the central stars of the luminous PNe based on estimates of the excitation class and the assumption of optically thick nebulae.
Results. We identify 107 PNe and derive a most-likely distance modulus $ (m-M)_0 = 26.48^{+0.11}_{-0.26} $ ($ d = 1.98^{+0.10}_{-0.23} $ Mpc). We find that the PNe at the PNLF cutoff exhibit relatively low extinction, with some high-extinction cases caused by local dust lanes. We present the lower limit luminosities and effective temperatures of the central stars for some of the brighter PNe. We also identify a few Type I PNe that come from a young population with progenitor masses > 2.5 M⊙ but do not populate the PNLF cutoff.
Conclusions. The spatial resolution and spectral information of MUSE allow precise PN classification and photometry. These capabilities also enable us to resolve possible contamination by diffuse gas and dust, improving the accuracy of the PNLF distance to NGC 300.
Deoxygenative Alkylboration of Aldehydes to Synthesize Versatile Secondary α,α-Dialkyl Boronates
Authors: Zhou Liejin , XU Tao , Xu Wenhao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBy merging nickel catalysis and photochemistry, we developed a deoxygenative alkylboration of aldehydes via a deoxygenative difunctionalization of carbonyls strategy. This three-component reaction between alkyl halides, B2Pin2, and aldehydes represents one of the most efficient methods to furnish the versatile secondary α,α-dialkyl boronates. A series of deoxygenative difunctionalization skeletons can be gained from the products based on the carbon–boron bond transformation. In addition, deoxygenative arylboration of aldehydes was achieved.
Use of Antiviral Agents and other Therapies for COVID-19
Authors: Blaskovich Mark A.T. , Verderosa Anthony D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to a remarkably rapid development of a range of effective prophylactic vaccines, including new technologies that had not previously been approved for human use. In contrast, the development of new small molecule antiviral therapeutics has taken years to produce the first approved drugs specifically targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), with the intervening years filled with attempts to repurpose existing drugs and the development of biological therapeutics. This review will discuss the reasons behind this variation in timescale and provide a survey of the many new treatments that are progressing through the clinical pipeline.
HIV and COVID-19 Disease
Authors: Venturas Jacqui P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV infected individuals throughout the world remain at significant risk of respiratory infections and non-communicable disease. Severe disease from SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a hyperinflammatory phenotype which manifests in the lungs as pneumonia and in some cases can lead to acute respiratory failure. Progression to severe COVID-19 is associated with comorbid disease such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, however data concerning the associated risks of HIV coinfection are still conflicting, with large population studies demonstrating poorer outcomes, whilst smaller, case-controlled studies showing better outcomes. Furthermore, underlying immunopathological processes within the lungs and elsewhere, including interactions with other opportunistic infections (OI), remain largely undefined. Nonetheless, new and repurposed anti-viral therapies and vaccines which have been developed are safe to use in this population, and anti-inflammatory agents are recommended with the caveat that the coexistence of opportunistic infections is considered and excluded. Finally, HIV infected patients remain reliant on good ART adherence practices to maintain HIV viral suppression, and some of these practices were disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic, putting these patients at further risk for acute and long-term adverse outcomes.
Clinical Epidemiology of Pediatric Coronavirus Disease 2019 and its Postacute Sequelae
Authors: Habet Victoria , Oliveira Carlos R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected individuals of all ages across. Although children generally experience a benign illness from COVID-19, the emergence of novel variants of the virus has resulted in significant changes in the morbidity and mortality rates for this age group. Currently, COVID-19 is the eighth leading cause of pediatric deaths in the United States. In addition to acute respiratory illness, some children can develop a severe postinfectious condition known as a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, which can progress to rapid-onset cardiogenic shock. Recovery from COVID-19 can also be slow for some children, resulting in persistent or reoccurring symptoms for months, commonly referred to as long COVID. These postinfectious sequelae are often distressing for children and their parents, can negatively impact the quality of life, and impose a considerable burden on the health care system. In this article, we review the clinical epidemiology of pediatric COVID-19 and outline the management considerations for its acute and postacute manifestations.
“Long Haulers”
Authors: Lutchmansingh Denyse D. , Higuero Sevilla Jean Paul , Possick Jennifer D. , Gulati Mridu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPost-COVID conditions continue to afflict patients long after acute severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) infection. Over 50 symptoms across multiple organ systems have been reported, with pulmonary, cardiovascular, and neuropsychiatric sequelae occurring most frequently. Multiple terms have been used to describe post-COVID conditions including long COVID, long-haul COVID, postacute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, long-term effects of COVID, and chronic COVID-19; however, standardized assessments and treatment algorithms for patients have generally been lacking. This review discusses the epidemiology and risk factors for post-COVID conditions and provides a general overview of the diagnostic assessment and treatment of specific manifestations. Data derived from the multitude of observational studies and scientific investigations into pathogenesis are providing a clearer understanding of the distinct phenotypes of post-COVID conditions. Insight gained from these studies and ongoing interventional trials continues to lead to the development of clinical protocols directed toward improving COVID-19 survivors' quality of life and preventing or reducing long-term morbidity.
Glucocorticoid Therapy in COVID-19
Authors: Amati Francesco , Tonutti Antonio , Huston John , Dela Cruz Charles S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in significant mortality in pandemic proportions. Inflammation in response to the infection contributes to the pathogenesis of pneumonia. This review will discuss prior studies on the use of glucocorticoids to treat respiratory infections, the rationale for the use glucocorticoids in COVID-19, and review of existing data. We will also highlight outstanding research questions for future studies.
Fenestrated Aneurysm Clip Trigeminal Decompression after CyberKnife Treatment Failure
Authors: Graffeo Christopher S. , Scherschinski Lea , Ibrahim Sufyan , Baranoski Jacob F. , Srinivasan Visish M. , Lawton Michael T. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective This article describes a novel technique for trigeminal nerve decompression in the setting of refractory trigeminal neuralgia (TN).
Design Technical note with an illustrative case example and operative video.
Setting Outpatient, inpatient, and operating room of a quaternary neurosurgical referral center.
Participant A woman in her early 70s who had previously undergone linear accelerator-based stereotactic radiotherapy (i.e., CyberKnife) and achieved 2 years of partial pain relief. However, facial pain, numbness, and parasympathetic dysfunction returned and became unbearable.
Main Outcome Measure Durable relief of TN.
Results Microvascular decompression was recommended for refractory TN. Intraoperatively, the trigeminal nerve was markedly attenuated from previous irradiation, with the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) loop embedded in the nerve at its root entry zone. The arterial loop was mobilized into a new position superior to the nerve, thus liberating it from the impingement. The tentorium was incised, and a fenestrated aneurysm clip was positioned such that the SCA loop was transmitted via the fenestration. The clip was applied across the tentorium, thus suspending the artery in a kink-free orientation that made no contact with the nerve.
Conclusion This procedure provided excellent neurovascular decompression without placing mechanical strain on the nerve, relieving the patient's persistent postirradiation TN. The technique could have broader applications for other challenging or atypical microvascular decompression procedures.
Role of Orbital Ultrasound in the Monitoring of Children with Raised Intracranial Pressure—Prospective Observational Study Conducted in Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Selvam Nithiya , Parameswaran Narayanan , Ananthakrishnan Ramesh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOur objective was to evaluate the role of optic nerve sheath diameter measurement by orbital ultrasound in monitoring children with nontraumatic coma and increased intracranial pressure (ICP). A single-center prospective observational study was conducted in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Puducherry, India. Children admitted to the PICU with features of raised ICP were enrolled. Baseline characteristics and raised ICP characteristics were recorded. Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurements were taken in all children in the supine position using bedside ultrasound with a 12 MHz linear probe. The probe was initially placed in the axial plane, and measurements were taken at a distance of 3 mm posterior to the site at which the optic nerve enters the globe. Measurements were recorded sequentially 8th hourly till ICP features got resolved or the patient died. Along with each measurement, clinical parameters were recorded. The ONSD measurements were compared with clinical features. We also recruited children admitted to the PICU for other conditions without features of raised ICP as controls. We compared ONSD measurements of cases with controls. In total, 185 children were recruited, of which 81 had features of raised ICP and 104 were without increased ICP. The ONSD measurements in children with raised ICP were significantly higher as compared with those without ICP. Among children with raised ICP, there was a negative correlation between ONSD and Glasgow Coma Scale scores (r = −0.739, p ≤ 0.0001). In children with raised ICP, there was a significant difference in ONSD at different intervals, demonstrating a falling trend from admission to 32nd-hour readings. ONSD measurements were higher in children with clinical signs of increased ICP compared with controls, thereby suggesting that this noninvasive measure may be helpful in the neuromonitoring of children with neurologic insults.
Analysis of Postoperative Outcomes and Extrauterine Growth Retardation in Preterm Infants with Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sun Yifan , Gao Zhen , Hong Wenchao , Gong Xiaohui , Cai Cheng 
Published: January 2023

Objective High mortality and extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) remain serious problems in preterm infants after necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) surgery. This study investigated the risk factors for mortality and EUGR in preterm infants after NEC surgery.
Study Design The risk factors were analyzed retrospectively by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis in 52 preterm infants, who underwent NEC surgery and were hospitalized in neonatology department of Shanghai Children's Hospital between May 2014 and December 2021. Patients were divided into survival and death groups. Survivors were divided into two groups according to whether EUGR occurred when they achieved full enteral feeding after surgery.
Results The mortality of preterm infants after NEC surgery was 26.9% (14/52). About 55.3% (21/38) of survivors developed postoperative EUGR. (1) Age at surgery, proportion of shock, and intestinal perforation differed significantly between the survival and death groups (p = 0.001, 0.005, and 0.02, respectively). Shock (p = 0.02, odds ratio [OR] = 8.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.43–55.10) and intestinal perforation (p = 0.03, OR = 6.12, 95% CI: 1.16–32.41) were significant risk factors for death. (2) Compared with the non-EUGR group, proportion of preoperative EUGR, postoperative 1-week calories, and parenteral nutrition time differed significantly in EUGR group (p = 0.001, 0.01, and 0.04, respectively). Preoperative EUGR (p = 0.02, OR = 18.63, 95%CI: 1.77–196.42) was a significant risk factor for postoperative EUGR.
Conclusion Shock and intestinal perforation are significant risk factors for death in preterm infants after NEC surgery. Survivors are prone to EUGR, and preoperative EUGR is a significant risk factor. In addition, adequate caloric intake and achievement of full enteral feeding as soon as possible may be beneficial to improve EUGR of preterm infants after NEC surgery.
Key Points
Issues when the parental and host country systemic institution buffers differ: the case of Czechia
Authors: Pfeifer Lukáš 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe article analyses regulatory reforms in the EU to the capital buffers for mitigating risks associated with institutions' systemic importance in the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD). The Directive includes a buffer for other relevant institutions (O-SIIs) and limits its size to a general cap and a specific cap for subsidiaries. However, the specific subsidiary cap may limit national authorities' ability to set a sufficient buffer for domestic institutions that are members of European banking groups to cover risks to the domestic market. It also may lead to a situation where two institutions of similar systemic importance could be subject to different O SII buffer rates because their owners are of different systemic importance and have different O-SII buffer rates in different EU jurisdictions. The amended CRD V increases the general and subsidiary cap for the O-SII reserve by one percentage point. However, the cap for subsidiary institutions remained in force, which limits the setting of capital buffers, especially for banking sectors with significant foreign ownership. These include mainly countries of the former Soviet-aligned Eastern Bloc. This paper outlines shortcomings of the subsidiary cap, argues for a revision of it to ensure level playing field in these capital buffers and quantifies the impact of the subsidiary cap according to the CRD IV and CRD V on the capital requirement applied to the Czech banking sector.