bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Glycosyltransferase XYLT1 Activates NF-κB Signaling to Promote Metastasis of Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Han Jian , Du Jianan , Li Xiangmeng , Zhou Qingbo , Zeng Jiayu , Lin Jun-Tao , Zhou Wenle , Cai Jiayi , Ye Yaokai , Yang Bosui , Wang Junsheng , Zhou Xiang , Lian Rong , Yang Yi , Zhu Xun , Guan Hongyu , Liu Liping , Cai Junchao , Wu Jueheng , Li Yun , Li Mengfeng , Tian Han 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) generally has a favorable prognosis. However, more than 30% of early-stage LUAD cases relapse within 5 years of initial treatment, even following complete removal of the primary tumor. Identification of the factors contributing to early-stage LUAD metastasis is needed to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies. Here, we found upregulation of xylosyltransferase 1 (XYLT1), a glycosyltransferase that initiates biosynthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) chains, in metastatic recurrent lesions of early-stage LUAD, which correlated with poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that XYLT1 promoted LUAD cell survival and metastasis by activating the NF-κB pathway. Mechanistically, XYLT1 interacted with IκBα and facilitated biosynthesis of sGAG-conjugated IκBα, which enhanced the interaction between IκBα and IKKs to promote proteasomal degradation of IκBα. These results illustrate that proteoglycan modification-mediated activation of NF-κB signaling is a driver of early-stage LUAD metastasis, providing a possibility for detection and intervention of early LUAD metastasis.
Prosodic Cues Support Inferences About the Question’s Pedagogical Intent
Authors: Bascandziev Igor , Shafto Patrick , Bonawitz Elizabeth 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Questions may be asked with an intent to acquire new information from the recipient (i.e., information-seeking questions) or with the intent to teach (i.e., pedagogical questions). Understanding how the questions’ recipients infer the intent of questions is important, because the recipients’ inferences have important consequences for reasoning and learning. In the present series of studies, we tested the hypothesis that i) askers use prosodic cues—an ever-present signal—to encode information-seeking and pedagogical intent both in deliberate and spontaneous speech and that ii) adults and children can draw appropriate inferences about the question’s intent on the basis of prosody alone. In Experiments 1 and 2, we found that naïve adult listeners and children aged 5 years and above have the capacity to explicitly identify which asker has an intention to teach on the basis of prosody alone. In Experiment 3, we found that parents’ spontaneous speech in pedagogical or information-seeking contexts is appropriately recognized by naïve listeners as pedagogical or information-seeking. Thus, the intent of pedagogical and information-seeking questions is acoustically encoded by askers, and it can be appropriately decoded by recipients.
Pretreatment and Posttreatment Prospective Evaluation of Smell and Taste Dysfunction in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Bilici Taylan , Ozdemir Suleyman , Çelik Gonca Gul 
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study investigated whether attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has an olfactory dysfunction and, if so, the effect of methylphenidate on this condition. Methods: The “Sniffin” Sticks Test and a questionnaire were applied to 50 children with ADHD and 50 healthy children as the control group before and after being treated with methylphenidate. Results: There was a statistical difference between ADHD and control groups in odor sensitivity, odor discrimination skills, and odor identification tests ( P < .001). General odor scores decreased in the ADHD group ( P < .001). A statistically significant score increase was also observed after treatment ( P < .001). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the taste questionnaire test. Conclusions: Although the sense of smell test in our study suggests that it may be a biological marker for diagnosing ADHD, treatment efficacy, and follow-up, further studies need to be conducted in more extensive series and with similar equipment.
Multiomics provides insights into dynamic changes of aromatic profile during flue-curing process in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaves
Authors: Wang Ruiqi , Zhang Binghui , Gu Gang , Lin Jianfeng , Zhang Wenwei , He Dongwang , Wang Fei , Jin Liao , Xie Xiaofang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a globally crop due to its distinctive flavor and economic value. In this study, we systematically analyzed the dynamic changes in volatile substances, broad-spectrum metabolites, enzymes, and biochemical compounds in tobacco leaves during flue-curing process. Combining metabolomics with enzyme activity and biochemical analysis, we identified that 43℃ is a critical period for enzyme activity and metabolite transitions, while 45 ℃ requires stringent moisture control. During the T3 stages, phenolic acids, amino acids, and derivatives were notably enriched, with increases of 19.58-fold, 18.59-fold, and 17.33-fold in lmmn001643, MWS20633g, and Lmhn004756, respectively. These compounds may serve as candidate biomarkers for non-volatile compounds. Aroma dynamics primarily contributed to the green and sweet flavor of flue-cured tobacco leaves, and the key aroma components included D114, KMW1317, and KMW0466. Differential volatile and non-volatile metabolites were enriched in four pathways, including monoterpenoid biosynthesis, tyrosine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. These pathways are closely related to phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and the synthesis of chlorogenic acid and rutin, which influence the aroma quality, aroma intensity, irritation, and volatility of tobacco. Additionally, the contents of caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, and PAL activity in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, increased with the rising temperature, accelerating reactions with alcohols and leading to increase lignin formation. This study enhances our understanding of the dynamic changes in the aroma and metabolic substances of Cuibi 1(CB-1) at the critical stages of the curing process and offers valuable insights for process improvement.
Age and sources of information variations and similarities on awareness of treatment and prevention of stroke among public and outpatients in Sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-sectional questionnaire study in Botswana
Authors: Ookeditse Ookeditse , Ookeditse Kebadiretse K. , Motswakadikgwa Thusego R. , Masilo Gosiame , Bogatsu Yaone , Lekobe Baleufi C. , Mosepele Mosepele , Schirmer Henrik , Johnsen Stein H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
In this cross-sectional study from Botswana, we investigated awareness of acute stroke treatment and prevention among stroke-risk outpatients and the public based on age and sources of information, in addition to association of stroke risk factors with this awareness.

Method
Questionnaires on awareness of acute stroke treatment and prevention were administered by research assistants to a representative selection of outpatients and the public.

Results
The response rate was 93.0% for the public and 96.6% for outpatients. Public respondents had a mean age of 36.1 ± 14.5 years (age range 18–90 years) and 54.5% were females, while outpatients had a mean age of 37.4 ± 12.7 years (age range 18–80 years) and 58.1% were females. Awareness of medical therapy as acute stroke treatment was inadequate among outpatients (75.5% for public vs 43.4% for outpatients among all-age, p < 0.001), due to awareness differences among all ages. Awareness of stroke prevention was adequate (81.5% of outpatients vs 71.6% of public among all-age, p = 0.601%), and similar trend was observed also among individual age groups. For awareness of medical therapy as an acute stroke treatment among all ages, the public was more likely than outpatients to get stroke information (p < 0.001) from almost all sources of information, while for awareness of stroke prevention among all-age, outpatients were more likely than the public to get stroke information from family/ friends (83.9% vs 70.5%, p = 0.042).
History of HIV/AIDS and having a healthy diet were associated with lower awareness of both acute stroke treatment and prevention (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Results call for strategic educational stroke campaigns using best information relaying tool for each age and respondents’ group.
Community engagement approaches to improve health: a cross-case study analysis of barriers and facilitators in UK practice
Authors: Bagnall Anne-Marie , South Jane , Kinsella Karina , Trigwell Joanne , Sheridan Kevin , Harden Angela 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Interventions that engage communities have been shown to improve health and wellbeing in disadvantaged groups internationally, but there is little evidence on current community-led practice, particularly in relation to the process of community engagement. This paper presents a qualitative cross-case analysis of barriers & facilitators in six UK community engagement projects, using different models of community engagement.

Methods
The primary sampling criteria was the type of approach to community engagement, using a conceptual framework with four main groups: Strengthening communities; Volunteer and peer roles; Collaborations and partnerships; Connecting to community resources. Qualitative interview-based methods (semi-structured interviews and focus groups) explored community and professional perspectives in depth. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data, building within-case studies before comparing findings and using an iterative process to build explanations in a cross-case analysis.

Results
Fifty-five people (28 community stakeholders and 27 professional stakeholders) from six selected case study projects took part in the research. Key themes related to successful community engagement were: trust within the community and between community members and service providers; respect for community members’ expertise; allowing sufficient time for relationships to establish and for outcomes to be seen; commitment of key people; and flexibility.

Conclusions
This qualitative case study research found that in successful community engagement projects, community expertise is respected and valued, allowing community members to be fully involved and take ownership of the projects. Sufficient time should be allowed for this process. Flexibility and adaptation of project materials, protocols and role descriptions is important in overcoming barriers to community engagement.
Predictors of willingness of HPV vaccine uptake across Eight States in Nigeria
Authors: Okagbue Hilary I. , Erekosima Grace , Sampson Sidney , Atuhaire Brian , Samuel Olugbemisola , Chimezie Bright , Dauda Mahfus , Jimoh Akolade , Ogbu Gideon , Ayuba Joshua , Shinshima Iveren 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The Nigerian Federal Government planned to launch the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine on September 25, 2023. We therefore aimed to assess caregiver awareness and willingness regarding HPV vaccine uptake for girls aged 9–14 across eight states (Abia, Adamawa, Bayelsa, Benue, Enugu, FCT, Jigawa, and Taraba), evaluating public readiness for the vaccine rollout.

Methods
A cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted in the eight states using a structured questionnaire. Stratified random sampling was employed to ensure representation from each state’s three senatorial districts. Adult participants’ socio-demographic characteristics—including their relationship to the child, gender, settlement type (rural/urban), and age group—were analyzed. Local Government Area and Senatorial Zone were used solely for geographical representation. Awareness, perceived severity, susceptibility, and willingness for HPV vaccine uptake were calculated based on questionnaire responses. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, ordinal and linear regression, and mediation regression were applied to derive results.

Results
Our findings indicated low general HPV awareness but high willingness for vaccine uptake among caregivers. Northern states exhibited higher awareness, perceived severity, susceptibility, and willingness compared to Southern states. Significant differences emerged across states in awareness and willingness, with positive correlations observed among awareness, severity, susceptibility, and willingness. Multiple linear regression revealed that awareness does not directly predict willingness, while mediation regression demonstrated that awareness indirectly influences willingness through severity and susceptibility. The study’s implications were analyzed using the Health Belief Model (HBM).

Conclusion
Our survey found geopolitical disparities in HPV awareness and willingness across Nigeria. Future interventions should prioritize emphasizing the severity and susceptibility of HPV-related diseases, particularly in low-resource settings. Providing accurate information from trusted sources and addressing misconceptions through evidence-based strategies can enhance informed decision-making regarding HPV vaccination.
Exploring the link between self-rated poor oral health and cardiovascular risk: a cross-sectional study using SCORE2
Authors: Nymberg Peter , Milos-Nymberg Veronica , Grundberg Anton , Oscarson Nils , Stenman Emelie , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Poor oral health is associated with several non-communicable diseases including cardiovascular disease. There are also well-known associations between lifestyle habits, cardiovascular disease, and oral health. In Europe, SCORE2 is a recommended instrument for assessing an individual's risk of a cardiovascular event within 10 years. However, no previous studies have examined the association between self-rated oral health and SCORE2.
Using data from a cohort of 40- and 50-year-old individuals in Swedish primary healthcare, the present cross-sectional study investigated the association between self-reported poor oral health and cardiovascular risk assessed with targeted health dialogues and SCORE2.

Methods
40- and 50-year-old individuals registered at 180 primary healthcare centres in southern Sweden were invited to participate in targeted health dialogues. Self-reported oral health and lifestyle habits were collected using a web questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and blood tests were collected. Data were analysed using group comparisons and regression models.

Results
A total of 9499 individuals agreed to participate in the study and completed a targeted health dialogue between January 1, 2021, and January 10, 2024. The group who reported poor oral health had a higher proportion of high waist-hip ratio, insufficient physical activity, poor eating habits and tobacco use compared with individuals with good self-reported oral health. Significantly higher blood pressure was also noted, as well as elevated plasma glucose levels and low-density lipids. The regression analysis showed a significant association between poor self-rated oral health and cardiovascular risk by SCORE2 among both men and women. In the fully adjusted model, the association remained significant only for women.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that individuals with poor self-rated oral health have higher cardiovascular risk and should be offered screening for unhealthy lifestyle habits to prevent cardiovascular events. We suggest that primary healthcare and dental care cooperate in identifying individuals at risk and intervene using evidence-based methods to prevent and address cardiovascular and oral diseases.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov registration number. NCT04912739. Registration date 2021–06-03, retrospectively registered. Ethical approval was secured from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (registration number 2020–02689 with subsequent amendments).
Virtual reality or personal computer-based gynecologic pelvic exam simulation: medical student preferences
Authors: Plotzker Rosalyn E. , Harmon Derek J. , Kanellitsas Tim , Klein Barbie A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Gynecologic pelvic exams (GPEs) are a required proficiency for healthcare trainees, yet practice opportunities are limited. The Virtual Approach to Gynecology Project aims to supplement traditional learning with a virtual-based GPE module. This study compares trainee experiences using the immersive virtual reality (VR) version to an equivalent non-immersive personal computer (PC) simulation.

Methods
Five groups of 3–5 preclinical medical students were randomized to complete one version of the GPE simulation (either the PC or VR), followed by written feedback and a structured focus group. Each group then completed the other version, after which a second written feedback form was completed, and a final focus group conducted. Focus group comments were recorded, transcribed verbatim and coded. Thematic analysis was performed on coded comments and analysis of written feedback compared Likert-scale responses of VR and PC versions.

Results
Twenty-two individual students enrolled and were assigned to one of five groups. Focus group discussions yielded a total of 138 responses that underwent thematic analysis. VR was unanimously preferred to the PC version, scoring significantly higher Likert-scale responses on ease of use, realism, improved comfort, and confidence. The following 3 themes emerged from the thematic analysis: (1) realism and immersiveness, (2) ease of use, and (3) enjoyment. Compared to PC, VR was found to be more realistic and enjoyable, though both versions had some reported difficulty regarding use.

Conclusion
The immersive VR-based simulation provided a more realistic and enjoyable experience for the GPE simulation compared to the PC-based simulation and was unanimously preferred.
Identification of CSRP1 as novel biomarker for hormone-sensitive prostate cancer by the combination of clinical and functional research
Authors: Pan Chenxi , Wang Wei , He Yi , Yang Bo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks as the second most common malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men. A critical challenge lies in accurately identifying those patients at high risk for transitioning rapidly from hormone-sensitive PCa (HSPC) to lethal castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). In our study, we employed a multiomics approach involving bioinformatics analysis on datasets GSE2443 and GSE35988, along with proteomics studies, to discover that cysteine- and glycine-rich protein 1 (CSRP1) expression significantly impacts the progression of HSPC. This hypothesis was substantiated through experiments using PC3 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells, where we conducted scratch assays and apoptosis assays, all of which confirmed CSRP1’s role in suppressing tumor growth. Furthermore, we elucidated the inhibitory effect of CSRP1 on tumors by performing xenograft experiments on castrated mice models. To solidify these findings in a clinical context, we constructed a nomogram model integrating CSRP1’s immunohistochemistry data and clinical parameters from an actual patient cohort with HSPC. This model revealed that low CSRP1 expression indeed promotes the advancement towards CRPC. In conclusion, the level of CSRP1 expression can serve as a valuable biomarker for clinicians to predict disease progression in their patients. It has the potential to guide personalized clinical management and decision-making strategies, thereby contributing to more effective and targeted treatment approaches for HSPC patients.
Association of federal poverty level with healthcare expenditures among opioids users in the United States (2008–2019): a serial cross-sectional study
Authors: Bounthavong Mark , Suh Kangho , Sepassi Aryana , Stottlemyer Britney , Spoutz Patrick , Hart Laura , Li Meng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Opioid users across federal poverty levels have varying healthcare consumption, which could influence public health policies to address the opioid crisis. To better understand this relationship, we evaluated the associations between federal poverty level (FPL) with healthcare costs and utilizations among adult opioid users in the United States (US).

Methods
A serial cross-sectional study using pooled data (2008–2019) from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) was used to evaluate the association between FPL with healthcare expenditures among a representative sample of the US adult population with > = 1 opioid prescription. FPL was defined as Poor/Near Poor-Income, Low-Income, Middle-Income, and High-Income. Healthcare expenditures included costs and resource utilization. Survey weights were applied to generate standard errors for the representative sample of the US population. Generalized linear models were constructed to evaluate the association between FPL and healthcare expenditures adjusting for confounders. FPL groups were stratified by insurance coverage, frequency of opioid prescriptions filled, and pain level to evaluate their impact on healthcare expenditures.

Results
Total weighted sample was 27,289,263 respondents; 21.6% in Poor/Near Poor-Income, 14.9% in Low-Income, 28.6% in Middle-Income, and 34.9% in High-Income groups. The average annual increase in total healthcare costs for the Poor/Near Poor-Income group was $451 (95% CI: $142-$761), $275 (95% CI: $48-$502) for the Low-Income group, $640 (95% CI: $447-$834) for the Middle-Income group, and $618 (95% CI: $360-$877) for the High-Income group. Between-group comparisons yielded significant increases in average annual total healthcare costs for Middle- and High-Income groups versus Low-Income group; significant increases in average annual emergency room costs between Middle- versus Low-Income groups, and significant increases in average annual inpatient costs between Middle-Income versus Poor/Near Poor- and Low-Income groups. Stratified analyses yielded several significant increases in average annual costs and expenditures. However, no differences were reported for respondents who were uninsured across FPL groups.

Conclusions
Respondents across FPL groups consumed healthcare at various rates, particularly when stratified by insurance coverage, frequency of opioid prescriptions filled, and pain level. FPL plays an important role in healthcare consumption, but further research is needed to understand these mechanisms and their impact on the opioid crisis.
Beyond weight loss: exploring the neurological ramifications of altered gut microbiota post-bariatric surgery
Authors: Almheiri Rashed T. , Hajjar Baraa , Alkhaaldi Saif M. I. , Rabeh Nadia , Aljoudi Sara , Abd-Elrahman Khaled S. , Hamdan Hamdan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This review discusses findings related to neurological disorders, gut microbiota, and bariatric surgery, focusing on neurotransmitters, neuroendocrine, the pathophysiology of bacteria contributing to disorders, and possible therapeutic interventions. Research on neurotransmitters suggests that their levels are heavily influenced by gut microbiota, which may link them to neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Multiple sclerosis, Depression, and Autism spectrum disorder. The pathophysiology of bacteria that reach and influence the central nervous system has been documented. Trends in microbiota are often observed in specific neurological disorders, with a prominence of pro-inflammatory bacteria and a reduction in anti-inflammatory types. Furthermore, bariatric surgery has been shown to alter microbiota profiles similar to those observed in neurological disorders. Therapeutic interventions, including fecal microbiota transplants and probiotics, have shown potential to alleviate neurological symptoms. We suggest a framework for future studies that integrates knowledge from diverse research areas, employs rigorous methodologies, and includes long-trial clinical control groups.