bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic field draping around clumpy high-velocity clouds in galactic halo
Authors: Jung S Lyla , Grønnow Asger , McClure-Griffiths N M 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Throughout the passage within the Galactic halo, high-velocity clouds (HVCs) sweep up ambient magnetic fields and form stretched and draped configurations of magnetic fields around them. Many earlier numerical studies adopt spherically symmetric uniform-density clouds as initial conditions for simplicity. However, observations demonstrate that HVCs are clumpy and turbulent. In this paper, we perform 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations to study the evolution of clouds with initial density distributions described by power-law spatial power spectra. We systematically study the role of (i) the initial density structure, (ii) halo magnetic fields, and (iii) radiative cooling efficiency upon infalling HVCs. We find that (i) the clouds’ density structure regulates mixing and mass growth. Uniform clouds grow from the onset of the simulations, while clumpy clouds initially lose gas and then grow at later times. Along the same lines, the growth curve of clumpy clouds depends on the slope of the initial density power spectra. (ii) Magnetic fields suppress hydrodynamic instabilities and the growth of small-scale structures. As a result, magnetized clouds develop long filaments extended along the streaming direction, whereas non-magnetized clouds are fragmented into many small clumps. (iii) Efficient cooling keeps the main cloud body more compact and produces decelerated dense clumps condensed from the halo gas. This work potentially helps us understand and predict the observed properties of HVCs such as the detectability of magnetized clouds, the presence of decelerated HI structures associated with HVC complexes and small-scale features, and a possible link between the origin and the fate of HVCs.
Global instability by runaway collisions in nuclear stellar clusters: numerical tests of a route for massive black hole formation
Authors: Vergara M C , Escala A , Schleicher D R G , Reinoso B 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
The centres of galaxies host nuclear stellar clusters, supermassive black holes, or both. The origin of this dichotomy is still a mystery. Nuclear stellar clusters are the densest stellar system in the Universe, so they are ideal places for runaway collisions to occur. Previous studies have proposed the possible existence of a critical mass scale in such clusters, for which the occurrence of collisions becomes very frequent and leads to the formation of a very massive object. While it is difficult to directly probe this scenario with simulations, we here aim for a proof of concept using toy models where the occurrence of such a transition is shown based on simplified compact systems, where the typical evolution time-scales will be faster compared to the real Universe. Indeed our simulations confirm that such a transition takes place and that up to 50 per cent of the cluster mass can go into the formation of a central massive object for clusters that are above the critical mass scale. Our results thus support the proposed new scenario on the basis of idealized simulations. A preliminary analysis of observed nuclear star clusters shows similar trends related to the critical mass as in our simulations. We further discuss the caveats for the application of the proposed scenario in real nuclear star clusters.
RecF protein targeting to postreplication (daughter strand) gaps I: DNA binding by RecF and RecFR
Authors: Henry Camille , Mbele Neema , Cox Michael M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In bacteria, the repair of post-replication gaps by homologous recombination requires the action of the recombination mediator proteins RecF, RecO and RecR. Whereas the role of the RecOR proteins to displace the single strand binding protein (SSB) and facilitate RecA loading is clear, how RecF mediates targeting of the system to appropriate sites remains enigmatic. The most prominent hypothesis relies on specific RecF binding to gap ends. To test this idea, we present a detailed examination of RecF and RecFR binding to more than 40 DNA substrates of varying length and structure. Neither RecF nor the RecFR complex exhibited specific DNA binding that can explain the targeting of RecF(R) to post-replication gaps. RecF(R) bound to dsDNA and ssDNA of sufficient length with similar facility. DNA binding was highly ATP-dependent. Most measured Kd values fell into a range of 60–180 nM. The addition of ssDNA extensions on duplex substrates to mimic gap ends or CPD lesions produces only subtle increases or decreases in RecF(R) affinity. Significant RecFR binding cooperativity was evident with many DNA substrates. The results indicate that RecF or RecFR targeting to post-replication gaps must rely on factors not yet identified, perhaps involving interactions with additional proteins.
PANGEA: a new gene set enrichment tool for Drosophila and common research organisms
Authors: Hu Yanhui , Comjean Aram , Attrill Helen , Antonazzo Giulia , Thurmond Jim , Chen Weihang , Li Fangge , Chao Tiffany , Mohr Stephanie E , Brown Nicholas H , Perrimon Norbert 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) plays an important role in large-scale data analysis, helping scientists discover the underlying biological patterns over-represented in a gene list resulting from, for example, an ‘omics’ study. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation is the most frequently used classification mechanism for gene set definition. Here we present a new GSEA tool, PANGEA (PAthway, Network and Gene-set Enrichment Analysis; https://www.flyrnai.org/tools/pangea/), developed to allow a more flexible and configurable approach to data analysis using a variety of classification sets. PANGEA allows GO analysis to be performed on different sets of GO annotations, for example excluding high-throughput studies. Beyond GO, gene sets for pathway annotation and protein complex data from various resources as well as expression and disease annotation from the Alliance of Genome Resources (Alliance). In addition, visualizations of results are enhanced by providing an option to view network of gene set to gene relationships. The tool also allows comparison of multiple input gene lists and accompanying visualisation tools for quick and easy comparison. This new tool will facilitate GSEA for Drosophila and other major model organisms based on high-quality annotated information available for these species.
Uncertainty shocks and employment fluctuations in Germany: the role of establishment size
Authors: Kovalenko Tim 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Uncertainty shocks are found to affect labour market outcomes adversely. Most studies interrelate non-convex labour adjustment costs with the propagation of macroeconomic uncertainty to the labour market. I show that non-convex labour adjustment costs differ by establishment size in Germany. Hence, uncertainty shocks should affect large and small establishments differently. Therefore, this article studies the effects of uncertainty shocks on employment adjustments in large and small establishments employing four structural vector auto-regressive models for Germany from 1992 to 2014. These four models estimate the effects of uncertainty shocks on employment, worker flows, job flows, as well as worker churn in establishments with fewer than 100 and with at least 100 employees. The results suggest that uncertainty shocks trigger considerable employment fluctuations in large establishments while they barely affect small establishments. Furthermore, large establishments adjust their labour input by delaying the replacement of workers.
A 6-Week Program to Strengthen Resiliency Among Women With Metastatic Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Asher Arash , Shirazipour Celina H , Capaldi Jessica M , Kim Sungjin , Diniz Marcio , Jones Bronwen , Wertheimer Jeffrey 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Purpose
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an intervention (Growing Resilience And CouragE; GRACE) on spiritual well-being, quality of life, and general well-being in women with metastatic cancers reporting existential or spiritual distress.

Patients and Methods
Prospective, randomized, wait-list control clinical trial. Women with metastatic cancer experiencing existential or spiritual concerns were randomized to GRACE or waitlist control. Survey data were collected at baseline, end of program, and 1-month follow-up. Participants included English-speaking women, 18 or older, with metastatic cancer, existential or spiritual concerns, and reasonable medical stability. Eighty-one women were assessed for eligibility; 10 were excluded (not meeting exclusion criteria, refusal to participate, and death). The primary outcome was spiritual well-being measured pre- and post-program. Secondary measures assessed quality of life, anxiety, depression, hopelessness, and loneliness.

Results
Seventy-one women (aged 47-72) were enrolled (GRACE n = 37, waitlist control n = 34). GRACE participants demonstrated significant improvements in spiritual well-being compared to control at end of program (parameter estimate (PE), 16.67, 95% CI, 13.17, 20.16) and 1-month follow-up (PE, 10.31, 95% CI, 6.73, 13.89). Additionally, significant improvements were demonstrated in quality of life at the end of program (PE, 8.51, 95% CI, 4.26, 12.76) and 1-month follow-up (PE, 6.17, 95% CI, 1.75, 10.58). GRACE participants also demonstrated improved depression and hopelessness at follow-up, as well as improved anxiety.

Conclusions
Findings suggest the value of evidence-based psychoeducational and experiential interventions for improving the well-being and quality of life of women with advanced cancer.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02707510.
Long-term, not short-term, temperatures predict timing of egg laying in European Starling
Authors: Leonard Kathryn M , Williams Tony D 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Temperature, particularly within ~1 month of egg laying, is thought to be an important, short-term cue used by female birds to calibrate timing of breeding to local conditions. Here, we show that a relatively broad, long-term, temperature window (January 2 to April 4, 92 days; r2 = 0.73) best predicted timing of egg laying in European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). A “mid-winter” temperature window was also strongly correlated with laying date (r2 = 0.58), but we found no support for an influence of short-term temperatures immediately before egg laying. We assessed the relationship between ambient temperature and timing of egg laying using three complimentary approaches: (1) an “unconstrained,” exploratory analysis; (2) a traditional sliding window approach; and (3) specific, biologically informed temperature windows. Our results contrast with the widely held view that short-term, prebreeding temperatures best predict variation in laying because they allow birds to adjust timing of breeding to local conditions around the time of egg laying. This means that mechanisms that allow integration of long-term temperature information must exist in birds—perhaps most parsimoniously involving indirect effects of temperature on growth of the bird’s ectothermic insect prey—even though these are currently poorly characterized.
A G-type lectin receptor kinase negatively regulates Arabidopsis immunity against root-knot nematodes
Authors: Zhou Dongmei , Godinez-Vidal Damaris , He Jiangman , Teixeira Marcella , Guo Jingzhe , Wei Lihui , Van Norman Jaimie M , Kaloshian Isgouhi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp., RKN) are responsible for extensive crop losses worldwide. During infection, they penetrate plant roots, migrate between plant cells, and establish feeding sites, known as giant cells, near the root vasculature. Previously, we found that nematode perception and early responses in plants were similar to those of microbial pathogens and required the BRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE1/SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE3 (BAK1/SERK3) coreceptor in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Here, we implemented a reverse genetic screen for resistance or sensitivity to RKN using Arabidopsis T-DNA alleles of genes encoding transmembrane receptor–like kinases to identify additional receptors involved in this process. This screen identified a pair of allelic mutations with enhanced resistance to RKN in a gene we named ENHANCED RESISTANCE TO NEMATODES1 (ERN1). ERN1 encodes a G-type lectin receptor kinase (G-LecRK) with a single-pass transmembrane domain. Further characterization showed that ern1 mutants displayed stronger activation of MAP kinases, elevated levels of the defense marker MYB51, and enhanced H2O2 accumulation in roots upon RKN elicitor treatments. Elevated MYB51 expression and ROS bursts were also observed in leaves of ern1 mutants upon flg22 treatment. Complementation of ern1.1 with 35S- or native promoter–driven ERN1 rescued the RKN infection and enhanced defense phenotypes. Our results indicate that ERN1 is an important negative regulator of immunity.
Changes in China’s Policing: Organizational Structure and Daily Law Enforcement of Frontline Police
Authors: Xu Haoran , Vandeviver Christophe , Verhage Antoinette 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Since 2014, China's Ministry of Public Security has begun to reform the national police system, which involves internal command, criminal intelligence and welfare support systems. This research aims to explore how policing reform affects the daily law enforcement of frontline police officers and grassroot police units, and the views of frontline police officers on policing reform. The study also analyses the changes in the organisational structure of grassroot police units and the criminal intelligence system after the policing reform. The research methodology consisted of the researchers conducting a textual analysis of work reports issued by multiple local police units and reform reports in newspapers, and investigating the views of frontline police officers on policing reform. The study found that the reform did help enhance the law enforcement capabilities of grassroot police units and frontline police officers. Most frontline police officers additionally supported the policing reform. However, the policing reform has also led to issues such as the indiscriminate expansion of police power and the work pressure on frontline police officers. Finally, this study is an exploratory observation of China's national police system and can provide new insights into research on policing and the understanding of Chinese policing practices. It can additionally provide different countries with new information about policing reform.
Burnout in healthcare workers in COVID-19-dedicated hospitals
Authors: Choi Young E , Lee Seung H , Kim Yun J , Lee Jeong G , Yi Yu H , Tak Young J , Kim Gyu L , Ra Young J , Lee Sang Y , Cho Young H , Park Eun J , Lee Young I , Choi Jung I , Lee Sae R , Kwon Ryuk J , Son Soo M , Lee Yea J , Kang Min J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Considering the prolongation of the COVID-19 pandemic, the lack of studies on burnout, particularly in healthcare workers, needs to be addressed. This report aimed to identify the risk factors of burnout by comparing the level of burnout between nurses in general wards and those in COVID-19-dedicated wards in a national university hospital.

Methods
A survey based on the Korean version of Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT-K) was conducted on nurses between 10 January and 31 January 2022. The BAT-K consists of exhaustion, mental distance, cognitive impairment, emotional impairment and secondary symptoms.

Results
A total of 165 nurses, including 81 nurses from the COVID-19-dedicated ward, completed the questionnaire. The percentage of general-ward nurses with an emotional impairment score above the clinical cutoff was higher than that of COVID-19 ward nurses. General ward compared to the COVID-19 ward increased the risk of presenting with total-core symptoms. Two factors increased the risk regarding mental distance: short career length and underlying disease.

Conclusions
In contrast to previous studies, the risk of burnout in the COVID-19-ward nurses was lower than that of the general ward nurses. The risk regarding mental distance was correlated with short career length and presence of an underlying disease.
Phylogeny and revision ofLeucaltisandLeucettusa(Porifera: Calcarea), with new classification proposals and description of a new type of aquiferous system
Authors: Lopes Matheus Vieira , Klautau Michelle 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLeucaltidae (Calcinea: Clathrinida) was proposed for a group of calcareous sponges with a well-developed cortical region, while the choanosomal and atrial skeletons are reduced. Currently, it comprises the genera Ascandra, Leucaltis, Leucettusa and Leuclathrina, but molecular phylogenies provide evolutionary scenarios different from those based on morphology, recovering a non-monophyletic Leucaltidae. Leucaltis and Leucettusa have long been difficult taxa to distinguish due to their reduced choanosomal and atrial skeletons. Therefore, our objective in this paper is to redescribe all species of Leucaltis and Leucettusa and provide a taxonomic revision to assess their generic status through morphological and molecular tools. Leucaltidae were confirmed polyphyletic and Leucettusa is, therefore, synonymized under Leucaltis. Moreover, several species currently identified as Leucettusa represent a distinct evolutionary lineage. For these species, we propose the new genus Rowella gen. nov. This new genus is allocated to Leucettidae. Based on their phylogenetic position and morphology, Ascandra and Leuclathrina are transferred to Dendyidae.
TLR Agonist Therapy of Metastatic Breast Cancer in Mice
Authors: Klinman Dennis M. , Goguet Emilie , Tross Debra 
Published: April 2023

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 and 9 agonists stimulate an innate immune response that supports the development of tumor-specific immunity. Previous studies showed that either agonist individually could cure mice of small tumors and that when used in combination, they could prevent the progression of larger tumors (>300 mm3). To examine whether these agents combined could control metastatic disease, syngeneic mice were challenged with the highly aggressive 66cl4 triple-negative breast tumor cell line. Treatment was not initiated until pulmonary metastases were established, as verified by bioluminescent imaging of luciferase-tagged tumor cells. Results show that combined therapy with TLR7/8 and TLR9 agonists delivered to both primary and metastatic tumor sites significantly reduced tumor burden and extended survival. The inclusion of cyclophosphamide and anti-PD-L1 resulted in optimal tumor control, characterized by a 5-fold increase in the average duration of survival.
Immune drivers of HBsAg loss in HBeAg-negative CHB patients after stopping nucleotide analog and administration of Peg-IFN
Authors: Islam Mojahidul , Kumar Karan , Sevak Jayesh K. , Jindal Ankur , Vyas Ashish K. , Ramakrishna Gayatri , Kottilil Shyamasundaran , Sharma Manoj K. , Sarin Shiv K. , Trehanpati Nirupama 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The stoppage of nucleoside analog (NA) can lead to immune flare and loss of HBsAg in a proportion of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. HBsAg loss could be improved by instituting Peg-Interferon therapy in those who show an immune flare after the stoppage of NA. We investigated the immune drivers of HBsAg loss in NA-treated HBeAg-negative CHB patients after stopping NAs and administration of Peg-IFN-α2b therapy.

Methods:
Fifty-five NA-treated eAg-ve, HBV DNA not detected CHB patients were subjected to stopping NA therapy. Twenty-two (40%) patients relapsed (REL-CHBV) within 6 months (HBV DNA ≥2000 IU/mL, ALT ≥2XULN) and were started on Peg-IFN-α2b (1.5 mcg/kg) for 48 weeks (PEG-CHBV). Cytokine levels, immune responses, and T-cell functionality were assessed.

Results:
Only 22 (40%) of 55 patients clinically relapsed, of which 6 (27%) cleared HBsAg. None of the 33 (60%) nonrelapsers cleared HBsAg. REL-CHBV patients had significantly increased IL-6 (p=0.035), IFN-γ (p=0.049), Th1/17 (p=0.005), CD4 effector memory (EM) (p=0.01), Tfh1/17 (p=0.005), and mature B cells (p=0.04) compared with CHBV. Six months after Peg-IFN therapy, immune resetting with a significant increase in CXCL10 (p=0.042), CD8 (p=0.01), CD19 (p=0.001), and mature B cells (p=0.001) was observed. HBV-specific T-cell functionality showed increased Tfh-secreting IFN-γ (p=0.001), IL-21 (p=0.001), and TNF-α (p=0.005) in relapsers and IFN-γ–secreting CD4 T cell (p=0.03) in PEG-CHBV.

Conclusions:
Stopping NA therapy induces flare in about 40% of HBeAg-negative patients. Peg-IFN therapy given to such patients causes immune restoration with HBsAg loss in one fourth of them.
Extrachromosomal circular MiR-17-92 amplicon promotes HCC
Authors: Zou Sailan , Chen Shihan , Rao Guocheng , Zhang Guixiang , Ma Meilin , Peng Boqiang , Du Xiao , Huang Wei , Lin Weiqiang , Tian Yan , Fu Xianghui 
Published: May 2023

Background and Aims:
Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) are prevalent in cancer genomes and emerge as a class of crucial yet less characterized oncogenic drivers. However, the structure, composition, genome-wide frequency, and contribution of eccDNAs in HCC, one of the most fatal and prevalent cancers, remain unexplored. In this study, we provide a comprehensive characterization of eccDNAs in human HCC and demonstrate an oncogenic role of microRNA (miRNA)-17-92-containing eccDNAs in tumor progression.

Approach and Results:
Using the circle-sequencing method, we identify and characterize more than 230,000 eccDNAs from 4 paired samples of HCC tumor and adjacent nontumor liver tissues. EccDNAs are highly enriched in HCC tumors, preferentially originate from certain chromosomal hotspots, and are correlated with differential gene expression. Particularly, a series of eccDNAs carrying the miRNA-17-92 cluster are validated by outward PCR and Sanger sequencing. Quantitative PCR analyses reveal that miRNA-17-92-containing eccDNAs, along with the expression of their corresponding miRNAs, are elevated in HCC tumors and associated with poor outcomes and the age of HCC patients. More intriguingly, exogenous expression of artificial DNA circles harboring the miR-17-92 cluster, which is synthesized by the ligase-assisted minicircle accumulation method, can significantly accelerate HCC cell proliferation and migration.

Conclusions:
These findings delineate the genome-wide eccDNAs profiling of HCC and highlight the functional significance of miRNA-containing eccDNAs in tumorigenesis, providing insight into HCC pathogenesis and cancer therapy, as well as eccDNA and miRNA biology.
Topographic Assessment of Intraretinal Cystoid Space and Its Prognostic Values in Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane
Authors: Kwon Han Jo , Kang Min Seung , Park Sung Who , Byon Iksoo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
To assess the topographical distribution of intraretinal cystoid space (IRC) and its prognostic value in idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM).

Methods:
One hundred twenty-two eyes of iERM that had been followed up for 6 months after membrane removal were included. Based on the baseline IRC distribution, the eyes were divided into groups A, B, and C (absence, IRC within 3 mm, and 6 mm from the fovea, respectively). The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central subfield macular thickness (CSMT), ectopic inner foveal layer, and microvascular leakage (ML) were assessed.

Results:
Fifty-six (45.9%) eyes had IRC, of which 35 (28.7%) were in group B and 21 (17.2%) in group C at baseline. Compared to group B, group C showed worse BCVA, thicker CSMT, and a greater association with ML (OR = 5.415; P = 0.005) at baseline; and also presented with worse BCVA, thicker CSMT, and wider distribution of IRC postoperatively. A wide distribution of IRC was an unfavorable baseline factor in achieving good visual acuity (OR = 2.989; P = 0.031).

Conclusions:
Widely distributed IRCs were associated with advanced disease phenotype as poor BCVA, thick macula, and baseline ML in iERM and also showed a poor visual outcome after membrane removal.