bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of infant daycare on later‐in‐life employment outcomes
Authors: Zimmer David M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper first develops a theoretical model of the returns to daycare, which attempts to show that families enroll their children into daycare based on its expected benefits and costs. The paper then moves to an empirical study that seeks to determine whether enrolling an infant in daycare affects his or her later‐in‐life employment and poverty status. To identify the causal effect of interest, the econometric approach employs a recently developed panel estimator that accommodates the dynamic nature of later‐in‐life employment and income, while also controlling for unobserved heterogeneity. The main finding is that, although infant daycare enrollment appears to correlate with positive later‐in‐life outcomes, addressing potential bias in that link renders the estimated effects highly imprecise, such that one cannot confidently conclude whether daycare helps or hinders later‐in‐life outcomes.
Impact of uncertainties in biometric parameters on intraocular lens power formula predicted refraction using a Monte‐Carlo simulation
Authors: Langenbucher Achim , Hoffmann Peter , Cayless Alan , Bolz Matthias , Wendelstein Jascha , Szentmáry Nóra 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the uncertainty in the formula predicted refractive outcome REFU after cataract surgery resulting from measurement uncertainties in modern optical biometers using literature data for within‐subject standard deviation Sw.MethodsThis Monte–Carlo simulation study used a large dataset containing 16 667 preoperative IOLMaster 700 biometric measurements. Based on literature Sw values, REFU was derived for both the Haigis and Castrop formulae using error propagation strategies. Using the Hoya Vivinex lens (IOL) as an example, REFU was calculated both with (WLT) and without (WoLT) consideration of IOL power labelling tolerances.ResultsWoLT the median REFU was 0.10/0.12 dpt for the Haigis/Castrop formula, and WLT it was 0.13/0.15 dpt. WoLT REFU increased systematically for short eyes (or high power IOLs), and WLT this effect was even more pronounced because of increased labelling tolerances. WoLT the uncertainty in the measurement of the corneal front surface radius showed the largest contribution to REFU, especially in long eyes (and low power IOLs). WLT the IOL power uncertainty dominated in short eyes (or high power IOLs) and the uncertainty of the corneal front surface in long eyes (or low power IOLs).ConclusionsCompared with published data on the formula prediction error of refractive outcome after cataract surgery, the uncertainty of biometric measures seems to contribute with ⅓ to ½ to the entire standard deviation. REFU systematically increases with IOL power and decreases with axial length.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis: Association between liver fibrosis and subclinical atherosclerosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Jamalinia Mohamad , Zare Fatemeh , Lankarani Kamran B. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryBackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver disorder commonly associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Atherosclerosis, a leading cause of CVD, has been linked to liver fibrosis. However, the evidence regarding this association is conflicting.AimTo evaluate the link between liver fibrosis and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with NAFLDMethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of four databases from 1950 to February 2023 to identify eligible studies investigating the association between liver fibrosis and subclinical atherosclerosis among patients with NAFLD, utilising the PICOS framework. Two independent reviewers screened the studies; quality was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Meta‐analysis was performed using the DerSimonian‐Liard random‐effects model, and subgroup analysis was conducted based on the severity of liver fibrosis, type of subclinical atherosclerosis diagnosis and geographic region.ResultsThe meta‐analysis included 12 studies with a total of 4725 patients. Overall pooled odds ratio (OR) for subclinical atherosclerosis was 2.18 (95% CI: 1.62–2.93), indicating a significant association with liver fibrosis in NAFLD. Subgroup analysis revealed higher ORs in patients with more severe fibrosis: 1.64 (95% CI: 1.22–2.20) in ≥F1, 2.22 (95% CI: 1.37–3.62) in ≥F2, and 3.42 (95% CI: 1.81–6.46) in ≥F3. However, there was no significant difference between the West versus East and various measurements of subclinical atherosclerosis.ConclusionsAny degree of fibrosis is significantly associated with subclinical atherosclerosis, with fibrosis severity amplifying the association.
Effect of different PD‐1 inhibitor combination therapies for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Lei Zhengqing , Ma Weihu , Si Anfeng , Zhang Yuhua , Yang Facai , Yu Qiushi , Tang Haolan , Xiao Qianru , Zhou Jiahua , Wang Kui , Tang Yufu , Han Tao , Yin Guowen , Chen Jinhong , Liu Xiufeng , Zhao Hua , Yu Decai , Luo Tao , Wang Qing , Yan Maolin , Mao Xianhai , Li Jing , Wang Kai , Li Jingdong , Zeng Yongyi , Ding Dequan , Chen Tingsong , Wu Xiaofeng , Xia Yongxiang , Wang Kang , Guo Weixing , Zhu Guangyu , Gao Shan , Hüser Norbert , Lau Wan Y. , Song Tianqiang , Cheng Shuqun , Shen Feng , Cheng Zhangjun 
Published: June 2023

SummaryBackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combination therapy offers a new option for treatment of unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (uICC).AimTo compare the effect of different anti‐PD‐1 combination therapies as the first‐line treatments for uICC.MethodsThis study included 318 patients who received chemotherapy alone (Chemo), anti‐PD‐1 plus chemotherapy (ICI‐chemo), anti‐PD‐1 plus targeted therapy (ICI‐target) or anti‐PD‐1 plus targeted therapy and chemotherapy (ICI‐target‐chemo) as first line for uICC from 22 centres in China. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR) and safety.ResultsPatients with ICI‐chemo (median PFS [mPFS], 6.3 months; HR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.42–0.88; p = 0.008; median OS [mOS], 10.7 months; HR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39–0.94; p = 0.026), ICI‐target (7.2 months; HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.36–0.80; p = 0.002; 15.8 months; HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.35–0.84; p = 0.006) or ICI‐target‐chemo (6.9 months; HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.47–0.90; p = 0.009; 14.4 months; HR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.31–0.70; p < 0.001) achieved better clinical outcomes than those with Chemo (3.8 months; 9.3 months). ICI‐target was not inferior to ICI‐chemo in survival outcomes (HR for PFS: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.55–1.42; p = 0.614; HR for OS: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.51–1.55; p = 0.680). ICI‐target‐chemo yielded similar prognoses as ICI‐chemo (HR for PFS: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.70–1.62; p = 0.764; HR for OS: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.45–1.31; p = 0.328) and ICI‐target (HR for PFS: 1.20, 95% CI: 0.77–1.88; p = 0.413; HR for OS: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.51–1.47; p = 0.583) but resulted in more adverse events (p < 0.001; p = 0.010). Multivariable and propensity score analyses supported these findings.ConclusionsAmong patients with uICC, ICI‐chemo or ICI‐target provided more survival benefits than Chemo while achieving comparable prognoses and fewer adverse events than ICI‐target‐chemo.
Adverse reactions following MPox (monkeypox) vaccination: An overview from the Dutch and global adverse event reporting systems
Authors: van der Boom Meiwen , van Hunsel Florence 
Published: June 2023

AimsThe spreading of MPox (monkeypox) virus led to a vaccination campaign in the Netherlands for individuals at high risk of infection. This overview elucidates the characteristics of the reported adverse events following immunization (AEFI) following active immunization against monkeypox and thereby provides insight on the safety profile in daily practice.MethodsData were collected from the spontaneous reporting system of the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb. Furthermore, the global database of the World Health Organization was consulted on globally reported AEFI following smallpox or monkeypox immunization in 2022.ResultsUntil 15 November 2022, 148 unique individual case safety reports (ICSRs) regarding monkeypox vaccination were received at Lareb. Two ICSRs reported a serious outcome (1.4%). A total of 2205 ICSRs were received in the global database in 2022, of which 131 reports (5.9%) concerned a serious reaction. Reported AEFI in both databases mainly included injection site reactions and general systemic reactions commonly observed after vaccination.ConclusionThe pattern of reported AEFI for monkeypox vaccines both in the Dutch and global ICSR database is generally in accordance with the manufacturer's product information and consists largely of injection site reactions and nonserious AEFI related to systemic reactogenicity.
Australian surgical revision rate for benign prostatic obstruction
Authors: Jain Anika , Nassour Anthony‐Joe , Khannani Hadia , Wines Michael P. , Chalasani Venu , Katelaris Phillip , Bergersen Philip , Symons James L. , Baskaranathan Sris , Woo Henry 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the rate of revision surgery following commonly performed procedures for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is hyperplasia of both glandular and stromal components of prostate especially in periurethral transitional gland, using real‐world data from Medicare Australia.MethodsProspection is a Healthcare Data Analytics firm that has negotiated access with the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) to provide longitudinal data on the use of specific procedural item codes. We identified patients over the age of 40 years who had undergone primary transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP) or photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) between 2005 and 2010 using MBS item numbers 37203, 37207 and 36854, respectively. Using longitudinal MBS data, primary outcomes included need for revision surgery at 5‐years follow‐up (2015). The release of these data was approved by Medicare Australia upon application. Data analysis was conducted using chi‐squared tests and statistical significance was defined at P < 0.05.ResultsThe distribution of primary surgical procedures performed between 2005 and 2010 was: TURP 5579 (90%), TUIP 345 (6%) and PVP 258 (4%). TURP was also the most prevalent procedure for treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with BPH requiring revision surgery (75%). At 5‐year follow‐up the rate of revision surgery for TURP (573/5579), TUIP (47/345) and PVP (30/258) was 10.3%, 13.6% and 11.6%, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.12). There was no significant change (P = 0.59) observed over the years in number of men requiring revision surgery.ConclusionThis study indicates that TURP and PVP have a similar durability after 5 years of follow‐up.
Post‐Jurassic brittle deformation of Lusitanian Basin in the context of W Iberia evolution
Authors: Kumaira Sissa , Guadagnin Felipe , Magalhães Antonio J. C. , Pimentel Nuno L. A. , Chemale Farid 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA detailed structural analysis of the fracture network exposed in the Jurassic strata is used to reconstruct the Lusitanian Basin's brittle tectonic history related to the Meso‐Cenozoic paleostress trajectories of the Iberian plate. Structural analysis is made by high‐resolution virtual outcrop models and orthophoto mosaics, along with information obtained in the field. The paleostress regime is determined based on the fault‐slip inversion method. Structural features are predominantly NNE‐SSW, NE‐SW and NW‐SE‐trending extensional fractures, including joints, veins, normal faults, and ~E‐W‐oriented strike‐slip faults. These structures remained active in the early basin evolution and were repeatedly reactivated by shearing and contraction. The chronological succession and paleostress reconstruction revealed three tectonic regimes (i) NE‐oriented extension, (ii) NE‐oriented strike‐slip and (iii) NW‐shortening. The first stress regime was driven by the North Atlantic rift propagation in the Iberia's west and northwest margins in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous. The younger stress states involve reactivation and inversion of pre‐existing fractures by Africa–Europe convergence since the Late Cretaceous. The findings are consistent with the regional stress field which the Iberian plate has experienced since the Meso‐Cenozoic.
Deletion of glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), but not GCPIII, provided long‐term benefits in mice with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Ji Tongjie , Pang Ying , Cheng Meng , Wang Rui , Chen Xu , Zhang Chunyu , Liu Min , Zhang Jing , Zhong Chunlong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMain ProblemN‐acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) has neuroprotective effects in traumatic brain injury (TBI) by activating metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGluR3) and reducing glutamate release. Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) is the primary enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of NAAG. It remains unclear whether glutamate carboxypeptidase III (GCPIII), a homolog of GCPII, can partially compensate for GCPII's function.MethodsGCPII−/−, GCPIII−/−, and GCPII/III−/− mice were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Mice brain injury model was established through moderate controlled cortical impact (CCI). The relationship between GCPII and GCPIII was explored by analyzing injury response signals in the hippocampus and cortex of mice with different genotypes at the acute (1 day) and subacute (7 day) phase after TBI.ResultsIn this study, we found that deletion of GCPII reduced glutamate production, excitotoxicity, and neuronal damage and improved cognitive function, but GCPIII deletion had no significant neuroprotective effect. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the neuroprotective effect between the combination of GCPII and GCPIII deletion and GCPII deletion alone.ConclusionThese results suggest that GCPII inhibition may be a therapeutic option for TBI, and that GCPIII may not act as a complementary enzyme to GCPII in this context.
DNA methyltransferase inhibitor exposure–response: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Kagan Amanda B. , Garrison Dominique A. , Anders Nicole M. , Webster Jonathan A. , Baker Sharyn D. , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan , Rudek Michelle A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis), such as azacitidine and decitabine, are used extensively in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia, there remain unanswered questions about DNMTi's mechanism of action and predictors of clinical response. Because patients often remain on single‐agent DNMTis or DNMTi‐containing regimens for several months before knowing whether clinical benefit can be achieved, the development and clinical validation of response‐predictive biomarkers represents an important unmet need in oncology. In this review, we will summarize the clinical studies that led to the approval of azacitidine and decitabine, as well as the real‐world experience with these drugs. We will then focus on biomarker development for DNMTis—specifically, efforts at determining exposure–response relationships and challenges that remain impacting the broader clinical translation of these methods. We will highlight recent progress in liquid‐chromatography tandem mass spectrometry technology that has allowed for the simultaneous measurement of decitabine genomic incorporation and global DNA methylation, which has significant potential as a mechanism‐of‐action based biomarker in patients on DNMTis. Last, we will cover important research questions that need to be addressed in order to optimize this potential biomarker for clinical use.
A phase I randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study assessing the safety and pharmacokinetics of RIPK1 inhibitor GFH312 in healthy subjects
Authors: Lickliter Jason , Wang Shuang , Zhang Wenxin , Zhu Huaqiang , Wang Jing , Zhao Congqiao , Shen Haige , Wang Yu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractReceptor‐interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) mediates necroptosis and inflammation in various pathophysiologies, emerging as a pharmacological target for neurodegenerative and inflammatory indications. This phase I, first‐in‐human, placebo‐controlled study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PKs), and pharmacodynamics (PDs) of GFH312, an RIPK1 inhibitor, in healthy adults. Subjects received GFH312 as a single ascending dose up to 500 mg (part I) or once‐daily repeated doses up to 200 mg for 14 days (part II). PKs were assessed using plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); PDs were assessed by phospho‐RIPK1 levels. Seventy‐six subjects were enrolled between April 2021 and June 2022: 38 (part I) and 19 (part II) received GFH312; 14 and five received placebo, respectively. At least one treatment‐emergent adverse event (TEAE) occurred in 42.1% (part I) and 63.2% (part II) of subjects receiving GFH312, compared with 42.9% and 40.0% of subjects receiving placebo, respectively. The most common TEAE was headache (21.1%). Two treatment‐related TEAEs were reported in part I and four in part II. No serious TEAEs were reported. Systemic absorption was rapid; exposure (area under the concentration‐time curve from time zero to the last measurable concentration and maximum plasma concentration) increased with dose level. The GFH312 CSF concentration post 100 mg single dose was approximately fourfold higher than the half maximal inhibitory concentration of human monocyte‐derived macrophages necroptosis with expected central nervous system penetration. Subjects receiving GFH312 had decreased phospho‐RIPK1 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells postdose. In conclusion, GFH312 was well‐tolerated and demonstrated RIPK1 inhibition in healthy subjects. Ongoing studies will inform the use of GFH312 in potential indications.
Coexistence of insect species in a phloem feeding guild: Deterministic and stochastic processes
Authors: Pimentel Carla S. , Firmino Paulo N. , Almeida Raquel P. , Lombardero Maria J. , Ayres Matthew P. , Calvão Teresa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract1. Niche theory, neutral theory, and more recently the unifying theory of biodiversity offer alternative views of the structure (or not) of ecological communities. The relative importance of these theories has not been so thoroughly used to explain community assembly processes in phytophagous insects.2. We studied the mechanisms of community assembly in pine trees phloem feeders, exploring the relative contributions of deterministic and stochastic processes.3. Temporal and spatial partitioning of wood borers and bark beetles belonging to the pine phloem feeding gild, was assessed through flight traps and pine bolts extracted from felled live Pinus pinaster trees presenting evidence of decline/wilting.4. We found that deterministic factors explained most cases of coexistence between species, with partitioning in space and time reducing asymmetric competition for resources and intraguild predation, mediated by differences in size. However, in the case of very closely related species with minimum differences in size—in this case three species of Arhopalus—they occupied the same niche in space and time, suggesting that stochastic processes are more likely to maintain co‐occurrence.5. The present work indicates that both niche and stochastic processes contribute to the assembly of the phloem feeding community. This could be one more example of accordance with the unifying theory of biodiversity.
Active search signatures in a free‐viewing task exploiting concurrent EEG and eye movements recordings
Authors: Care Damián , da Fonseca María , Ison Matias J. , Kamienkowski Juan E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTasks we often perform in our everyday lives, such as reading or looking for a friend in the crowd, are seemingly straightforward but they actually require the orchestrated activity of several cognitive processes. Free‐viewing visual search requires a plan to move our gaze on the different items, identifying them, and deciding on whether to continue with the search. Little is known about the electrophysiological signatures of these processes in free‐viewing because there are technical challenges associated with eye movement artefacts. Here, we aimed to study how category information, as well as ecologically relevant variables such as the task performed, influence brain activity in a free‐viewing paradigm. Participants were asked to observe/search from an array of faces and objects embedded in random noise. We concurrently recorded electroencephalogram and eye movements and applied a deconvolution analysis approach to estimate the contribution of the different elements embedded in the task. Consistent with classical fixed‐gaze experiments and a handful of free‐viewing studies, we found a robust categorical effect around 150 ms in occipital and occipitotemporal electrodes. We also report a task effect, more negative in posterior central electrodes in visual search compared with exploration, starting at around 80 ms. We also found significant effects of trial progression and an interaction with the task effect. Overall, these results generalise the characterisation of early visual face processing to a wider range of experiments and show how a suitable analysis approach allows to discern among multiple neural contributions to the signal, preserving key attributes of real‐world tasks.
Husserl, representationalism, and the theory of phenomenal intentionality
Authors: Liu Chang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRepresentationalism is a philosophical position which reduces all phenomenal conscious states to intentional states. However, starting from the phenomenal consciousness, the phenomenal intentionality theory provides an explanation of all sorts of intentionality. Against Michael Shim's interpretation, I argue that, although Hussserl's phenomenology is certainly considered as an antipode of strong representationalism, Husserl does not stand in opposition the weak representationalists, because Husserl maintains an essential connection between the senses of noemata and the hyletic data. In addition, Husserl's phenomenology is also consistent with the phenomenal theory of intentionality. According to him, statically and genetically, all non‐phenomenal intentional states take a recourse to phenomenal intentional states and eventually to sensual perceptions.