bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of vaporizing cannabis rich in cannabidiol on cannabinoid levels in blood and on driving ability – a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Egloff Laura , Frei Priska , Gerlach Kathrin , Mercer-Chalmers-Bender Katja , Scheurer Eva 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe aim of this prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, cross-over study was to determine cannabinoid levels in blood and driving-related ability after single (S1) and repetitive (S2) vaporization of cannabis rich in cannabidiol (CBD) containing < 1% Δ9-etrahydrocannabinol (THC). Healthy adult volunteers (Nsingle = 27, Nrepetitive = 20) with experience in smoking vapor-inhaled two low-THC/CBD-rich cannabis products both with < 1% THC (product 1: 38 mg CBD, 1.8 mg THC; product 2: 39 mg CBD, 0.6 mg THC) and placebo. Main outcomes were THC- and CBD-levels in whole blood and overall assessment of driving-related ability by computerized tests. Among 74 participants included, 27 (mean age ± SD, 28.9 ± 12.5 years) completed S1, and 20 (25.2 ± 4.0) completed S2. Peak concentrations and duration of detectability depended on the THC-content of the product. After single consumption THC dropped below 1.5 µg/L after 1.5 h, but was detected in some participants up to 5 h. Pairwise comparison of driving-related ability revealed no significant differences between low-THC/CBD-rich products (P1, P2) and placebo. Detection of THC after consumption of low-THC/CBD-rich cannabis might have legal consequences for drivers. Regarding overall driving-related ability, no significant differences were observed between the interventional products. This trial was registered with the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00018836) on 25.10.2019 and with the Coordination Office for Human Research (kofam) which is operated by the Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH) (SNCTP000003294).
Three-dimensional plasticity-based topology optimization with smoothed finite element analysis
Authors: Li Xifan , Zhang Xue , Zhang Yujia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a novel plasticity-based formulation for three-dimensional (3D) topology optimization of continuum structures. The proposed formulation addresses the optimization problem by combining mixed rigid-plastic analysis with density-based topology optimization, resulting in a volume minimization approach. Unlike conventional stress-constrained topology optimization methods that rely on linear elastic structural analysis, our developed formulation focuses on enhancing the loading capacity of the designed structures based on the plastic limit theory, leading to more cost-effective designs. To improve computational efficiency, we employ the smoothed finite element technique in our proposed method, enabling the utilization of linear tetrahedral elements for 3D mesh refinement. Moreover, the final formulation of our developed method can be efficiently solved using the advanced primal–dual interior point method, eliminating the need for a separate nonlinear finite element structural analysis. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in offering enhanced design possibilities for continuum structures.
Vertebral compression fractures managed with brace: risk factors for progression
Authors: Gutierrez-Gonzalez R. , Ortega C. , Royuela A. , Zamarron A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to identify risk factors for vertebral compression fracture (VCF) progression in patients treated conservatively with a brace. Then, a case–control study was designed.

Methods
All patients over 50 years old with diagnosis of thoracic or lumbar VCF (T5 to L5) in absence of underlying oncological process, treated conservatively with brace, and consecutively attended at our department from January 2017 to June 2021 were retrospectively selected for analysis. Patients missed for follow-up or dead during the first 3 months of follow-up were excluded.

Results
Five hundred and eighty-two consecutive patients were recorded. Incomplete follow-up excluded 74 patients and other 19 died in the first three months after diagnosis, so 489 cases were finally analyzed. Median follow-up was 21 (IQR 13;30) weeks. Increased collapse of the vertebral body was found in 29.9% of VCFs with a median time to progression of 9 (IQR 7;13) weeks. Male gender (OR 1.6), type A3 fracture of the AOSpine classification (OR 2.7), thoracolumbar junction location (OR 1.7), and incorrect use of the brace (OR 3.5) were identified as independent risk factors for progression after multivariable analysis.

Conclusion
Male gender, type A3 fracture of the AOSpine classification, thoracolumbar junction location, and incorrect use of the brace were identified as independent risk factors for VCF progression, which resulted in worse pain control, when treated with brace. Thus, other treatments such as percutaneous vertebral augmentation could be considered to avoid progression in selected cases, since collapse rate has been demonstrated lower with these procedures.
Practice behaviors as trigger factor for the onset of Musicians’ Dystonia
Authors: Passarotto Edoardo , Doll-Lee Johanna , Altenmüller Eckart , Lee André 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMusician’s Dystonia (MD) is a task-specific movement disorder that results in an involuntary cramping of muscles involved in playing an instrument such as the upper limbs or the embouchure. It is usually painless and occurs in general only at the instrument. The pathophysiology of MD is not completely understood. The present study aimed at assessing differences in practice behaviors between pianists affected by MD and Healthy Controls (HC) in the years preceding the onset of the disease. Thus, we investigated to what extent practice quantity can be considered a trigger of Musicians’ Dystonia. The results showed that despite comparable practice behaviors in childhood, MD pianists incremented the amount of daily practice to a greater extent than their healthy colleagues, especially in the second and in the third decade of life. Thus, subsequent logistic regression analysis showed that high amounts of daily practice might significantly increase the risk of developing MD. Furthermore, gender-related differences in practice behaviors across groups were identified, indicating that male pianists from the MD group might not have practiced significantly more than HC male pianists before the onset of the disease. To the authors’ knowledge, these are the first empirical evidence of the role of dysfunctional practice behaviors in triggering MD, which has clinical and educational implications.
Clinical outcomes of tooth-supported monolithic zirconia vs. porcelain-veneered zirconia fixed dental prosthesis, with an additional focus on the cement type: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shihabi Shahed , Chrcanovic Bruno Ramos 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the failure rates and the prevalence of technical complications between full-coverage tooth-supported monolithic zirconia (MZ) and porcelain-veneered zirconia (PVZ) fixed dental prosthesis, based on a systematic literature review.

Methods
An electronic search was performed in three databases, supplemented by hand searching. Several statistical methods were used.

Results
Seventy-four publications reported 6370 restorations (4264 PVZ; 2106 MZ; 8200 abutment teeth; 3549 patients), followed up until 152 months. A total of 216 prostheses failed, and survival was statistically significant different between groups. PVZ had higher occurrence of complications than MZ; the difference was especially greater for either minor or major chipping. The difference in prevalence of either minor or major chipping was statistically significant for PVZ prostheses between cementation with glass ionomer and adhesive resin cement (higher), adhesive resin and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC, higher), and between RMGIC (higher) and glass ionomer cement. For MZ the difference was significant only for minor chipping between RMGIC (higher) and adhesive resin cement. Abutment teeth to PVZ prostheses more often lost vitality. Decementation was not observed with RMGIC. Air abrasion did not seem to clinically decrease the decementation risk. The 5-year difference in the occurrence of minor or major chipping between MZ and PVZ prostheses was statistically significant, but nor for catastrophic fracture.

Conclusion
Tooth-supported PVZ prostheses present higher failure and complication rates than MZ prosthesis. The difference in complications is striking when it comes to chipping.

Clinical relevance
Awareness of the outcome differences between different types of zirconia prostheses is important for clinical practice.
Earth, Water, Air, and Fire – Thinking about Farming and Farmscapes
Authors: Höhn Alexa , Mushayikwa Emmanuel , Schoeman Alex 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFarming has changed the face of the earth in Africa as much as elsewhere. But histories of African farmscapes, shaped by millennia of agriculture, are obscured by narratives of pristine landscapes, whether of forests or savanna, and the role of farming in transforming African farmscapes is seldom taught in schools. We present examples of farming strategies and systems from western and southern Africa, which we hope are inspiring and maybe, at times, even surprising. Our exploration of the farmscapes, structured along the classical elements of Earth, Fire, Water, and Air, describes how plants and people deal with the influence these elements have on successful farming and how these influences show up in farmscapes. We hope these stories of flexibility, adaptation, and success and failure motivate teachers and students to think out of the box in grappling with the challenges our world is facing. These stories also provide opportunities for teaching about the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly the goals of Zero Hunger (SDG 2), Responsible Consumption and Production (SDG 12), and Life on Land (SDG 15).
Local Understandings of Decent Work and the Legitimacy of Global Labour Standards: Insights from Garment Suppliers in Egypt and Jordan
Authors: Holzberg Britta 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper contributes to the debates on the effectiveness and legitimacy of global labour standards. Theoretically, the paper integrates literature on labour standards in global production networks with cognitive framing and sensemaking literature to capture decent work understandings of suppliers and to theoretically underpin their relevance for the debates on the legitimacy and effectiveness of global labour standards. Empirically, the study explores cognitive decent work frames of garment suppliers and discusses them in reference to global decent work frames. A thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with thirty owners and managers in Egypt and Jordan served to identify suppliers’ decent work frames. Owners and managers dominantly framed decent work as a (paternalistic) family responsibility and as a business responsibility. Further notions that recurred across interviews were the framing of decent work as a human responsibility, religious (Islamic) responsibility, philanthropic responsibility, and regulatory responsibility. The findings show that supplier frames partly go beyond, partly undermine, and partly accord with global conceptualisations of decent work. They imply the need to strengthen and better communicate the human rights orientation of global labour standards and to give local social partners the autonomy to supplement and specify standards according to their context-specific needs. Global regulations otherwise risk crowding out informal, locally specific decent work practices that benefit workers in GPNs.
“Doing the Right Thing” and “Making a Difference”: The Role of Personal Ethical Values in Diversity and Inclusion Consulting
Authors: Greene Anne-marie , Kirton Gill 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article focuses on the salience of personal ethical values for diversity work. Theory and practice of diversity management (DM) are located in a wider business ethics agenda which acknowledges the rhetorical value of the business case for diversity, but which also integrates the moral responsibilities attached to people management. Drawing on findings from a qualitative study of external diversity and inclusion (D&I) consultants in the UK, the analysis reveals the extent to which personal ethical values act as motivators for and influences on DM work. The research finds that the unique positioning of external D&I consultants facilitates a productive tension towards their work with organizations, allowing them space and opportunity to navigate ethical tensions such that they stand as particularly valuable equality practitioners.
Time Trends in Adolescent School Absences and Associated Bullying Involvement Between 2000 and 2019: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Alanko K. , Melander K. , Ranta K. , Engblom J. , Kosola S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEducation is a central determinant of adolescent health. School absences and bullying involvement jeopardize wellbeing, mental health, and educational attainment. We analyzed time trends in school absenteeism over two decades and examined the association of absenteeism with bullying involvement.We analyzed data from the nationwide School Health Promotion study, with self-reported data from Finnish middle school students in grades 8 and 9 (ages 14–17, N = 1 000 970). Questionnaires assessed frequency of illness absences (IA), truancy, frequency of bullying victimization, bullying perpetration, and involvement in both bullying perpetration and victimization. Frequent school absences were defined as occurring on more than 3 days during the prior month (2000–2015), or at least weekly (2017–2019).Frequent IA increased from 12% to 2000 to 22% in 2015. In 2017–2019, frequent IA was reported by 3.5%. Frequent truancy declined from 9% to 2000 to 4% in 2015, and remained at 4% during 2017–2019. Bully victimization was reported at least weekly by 6.9%, perpetration by 5.4% and victimization-perpetration by 1.9% of participants in total. In a logistic regression model, every type of bullying involvement increased odds for both IA and truancy.Since bullying involvement was associated with both IA and truancy, particular concern should be raised for adolescents involved in bullying, and for their social and educational functioning. The concurrent increase in IA and decrease in truancy may reflect destigmatization of mental health problems or other changes in reporting absenteeism.
Effects of diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole, and wastewater from constructed wetlands on Eisenia fetida: impacts on mortality, fertility, and oxidative stress
Authors: Drzymała Justyna , Kalka Joanna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSoil contamination with micropollutants is an important global problem and the impact of these pollutants on living organisms cannot be underestimated. The effects of diclofenac (DCF) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), their mixture (MIX), and wastewater containing these drugs on the mortality and reproduction of Eisenia fetida were investigated. The impact on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in earthworm cells was also assessed. Furthermore, the influence of the following parameters of the vertical flow constructed wetlands on wastewater toxicity was investigated: the dosing system, the presence of pharmaceuticals and the plants Miscanthus giganteus. The compounds and their mixture significantly affected the reproduction and mortality of earthworms. The calculated values of LC50,28 days values were 3.4 ± 0.3 mg kg−1 for DCF, 1.6 ± 0.3 mg kg−1 for SMX, and 0.9 ± 0.1 mg kg−1 for MIX. The EC50 (reproduction assay) for DCF was 1.2 ± 0.2 mg kg−1, whereas for SMX, it was 0.4 ± 0.1 mg kg−1, and for MIX, it was 0.3 ± 0.1 mg kg−1, respectively. The mixture toxicity index (MTI) was calculated to determine drug interactions. For both E. fetida mortality (MTI = 3.29) and reproduction (MTI = 3.41), the index was greater than 1, suggesting a synergistic effect of the mixture. We also observed a negative effect of wastewater (raw and treated) on mortality (32% for raw and 8% for treated wastewater) and fertility (66% and 39%, respectively) of E. fetida. It is extremely important to analyze the harmfulness of microcontaminants to organisms inhabiting natural environments, especially in the case of wastewater for irrigation of agricultural fields.
A scientometric analysis of mine closure research
Authors: Ndaguba Emeka , Marais Lochner 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMine closure is a global challenge. To date, there has been no scientometric analysis of the mine closure literature. This paper uses a scientometric analysis to assess the literature on mine closure. We assessed 2078 papers published since 2002. There was a rapid increase in the research output, with 76% of the papers published in the last 10 years. We identify the journals and co-citation index of journals associated with mine closure research. Geography journals are prominent with 20% of papers, but there is also evidence of journals linked to mining and interdisciplinary journals. Four clusters of universities are working on mine closure (the University of Western Australia, the University of Queensland, the University of the Free State and the University of Alberta) and the co-citation index groups journals into three clusters (environmental and ecological concerns, environmental health, multidisciplinary issues). The co-citation index groups the themes into 20 clusters, which we have regrouped into five themes (health, environment, geography, society, and regulation/politics). We draw seven conclusions. Although original social science research focused on the impact of mining, (1) there is clear evidence of work focusing on mine closure and (2) this work is rapidly increasing. The geography remains important (3) but has negative effects. Despite the geographical focus, ideas and concepts are substantially integrated across the available work (4). Focusing on geographical journals might prevent work from being published in multidisciplinary journals (5). Papers linking theory and mine closure are limited (6) and the available work needs careful thought on planning closures in cities and communities (7).
Chemical reduction and quantum interpretation: A case for thomistic emergence
Authors: Miller Ryan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe debate between ontological reductionists and emergentists in chemistry has revolved around quantum mechanics. What Franklin and Seifert (BJPS 2020) add to the long-running dispute is an attention to the measurement problem. They contend that all three realist interpretations of the quantum formalism capable of resolving the measurement problem also obviate any need for chemical emergence. I push their argument further, arguing that the realist interpretations of quantum mechanics actually subvert the basis for reduction as well, by undercutting the idea that fundamental physical particles are actual parts of molecules. With both reduction and traditional synchronic emergence pictures ruled out, the only option for realists about quantum chemistry is strong Thomistic emergence.
Risk Factors for Child-to-Parent Violence: A Scoping Review
Authors: Junco-Guerrero Mirian , Fernández-Baena Francisco Javier , Cantón-Cortés David 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Child-to-parent violence (CPV) is a socially relevant domestic violence due to its exponential prevalence and negative individual, family, and social consequences. This scoping review aimed to analyze the risk variables involved in CPV and establish the relationships between them and the differences in these factors depending on the sex of the victim and the aggressor.

Methods
Studies from 2012 to 2022 were reviewed through the following databases: Scopus, Web of Science, Dialnet Plus, ERIC, PsycInfo, PsycArticles, Psychology Database and Pubmed. A total of fifty-two studies were included.

Results
The risk factors found are individual (e.g., aggressor’s personality characteristics), familial (e.g., the parents’ educational style), and social (e.g., peer violence). The study indicates differences in risk variables depending on the sex of the aggressor and the victim, such as the aggressor’s personality characteristics, the influence of child abuse, or dating violence in adolescents.

Conclusion
Although the studies identified differences in risk factors for CPV depending on sex, further research is required to clarify the contradictory findings. This review has certain limitations, such as the predominance of cross-sectional studies and the focus on research carried out in Spain. Nonetheless, it carries practical implications as it expands our understanding of the risk factors associated with CPV. This knowledge can be utilized to develop educational and clinical prevention programs that take these factors into consideration.
Employment of Co(II)–Fe(III) layered double hydroxide as magnetic adsorbent for rapid recovery of molybdenum-99
Authors: Ghamry Mohamed A. , Attia Mohamed A. , Hamoud Moustafa A. , Mahmoud Mamdoh R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCo(II)–Fe(III) Layered double hydroxide (LDH) was prepared by co-precipitation methods for recovery of 99Mo(VI) from aqueous solutions. The data showed that 99Mo(VI) anions are efficiently adsorbed (R% ˃ 98), in the pH range 2.5–11. The kinetic data showed that about 82% of 99Mo(VI) are adsorbed onto the synthesized LDH in the first ten minutes, while the equilibrium is attained at 120 min. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°) are estimated in the temperature range 20–50 °C. The effect of different foreign anions, (Cl−, SO42−, CO32−and NO−3) at various concentrations is evaluated. The synthesized adsorbent showed maximum adsorption capacity of 255.175 mg g−1 for 99Mo(VI) at pH = 3.5, which is mostly higher than those reported in literature.
The potential of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) as an emerging drought resistant fibre crop
Authors: Gill Alison R. , Loveys Beth R. , Cavagnaro Timothy R. , Burton Rachel A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Periods of drought are projected to increase in intensity and frequency across many parts of the world, affecting freshwater availability for agriculture and limiting cropping productivity. Exploring innovative opportunities to utilise novel drought resistant crops should be prioritized to sustainably meet growing demand for food and fibre. The potential benefits of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) as a drought resistant fibre crop have been touted, but the underlying evidence base of such claims is conflicting. Hemp has several drought resistance traits that allow it to thrive under water deficit, including deep roots and effective stomatal regulation, but studies report varying results for water requirements and water use efficiency.

Scope
In this context, we provide a comprehensive discussion of the current state of knowledge regarding fibre hemp water use in a range of environments and between varieties, highlighting physiological attributes that contribute to its drought resistance with a view to guiding and stimulating further research.

Conclusions
With relatively low water requirements compared to other fibre crops, hemp shows great potential as a drought resistant crop, offering exciting possibilities to produce sustainable fibre in a changing climate.