bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heritability of cerebral blood flow in adolescent and young adult twins: an arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging study
Authors: Dang Yi , He Yuwen , Zheng Dang , Wang Xiaoming , Chen Jie , Zhou Yuan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Blood perfusion is a fundamental physiological property of all organs and is closely linked to brain metabolism. Genetic factors were reported to have important influences on cerebral blood flow. However, the profile of genetic contributions to cerebral blood flow in adolescents or young adults was underexplored. In this study, we recruited a sample of 65 pairs of same-sex adolescent or young adult twins undergoing resting arterial spin labeling imaging to conduct heritability analyses. Our findings indicate that genetic factors modestly affect cerebral blood flow in adolescents or young adults in the territories of left anterior cerebral artery and right posterior cerebral artery, with the primary contribution being to the frontal regions, cingulate gyrus, and striatum, suggesting a profile of genetic contributions to specific brain regions. Notably, the regions in the left hemisphere demonstrate the highest heritability in most regions examined. These results expand our knowledge of the genetic basis of cerebral blood flow in the developing brain and emphasize the importance of regional analysis in understanding the heritability of cerebral blood flow. Such insights may contribute to our understanding of the underlying genetic mechanism of brain functions and altered cerebral blood flow observed in youths with brain disorders.
Expanding through the Emerald Isle: exploration and spatial orientation of non-native bank voles in Ireland
Authors: Mazza Valeria , Eccard Jana A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Whether introduced into a completely novel habitat or slowly expanding their current range, the degree to which animals can efficiently explore and navigate new environments can be key to survival, ultimately determining population establishment and colonization success. We tested whether spatial orientation and exploratory behavior are associated with non-native spread in free-living bank voles (Myodes glareolus, N = 43) from a population accidentally introduced to Ireland a century ago. We measured spatial orientation and navigation in a radial arm maze, and behaviors associated to exploratory tendencies and risk-taking in repeated open-field tests, at the expansion edge and in the source population. Bank voles at the expansion edge re-visited unrewarded arms of the maze more, waited longer before leaving it, took longer to start exploring both the radial arm maze and the open field, and were more risk-averse compared to conspecifics in the source population. Taken together, results suggest that for this small mammal under heavy predation pressure, a careful and thorough exploration strategy might be favored when expanding into novel environments.
GADMA2: more efficient and flexible demographic inference from genetic data
Authors: Noskova Ekaterina , Abramov Nikita , Iliutkin Stanislav , Sidorin Anton , Dobrynin Pavel , Ulyantsev Vladimir I 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Inference of complex demographic histories is a source of information about events that happened in the past of studied populations. Existing methods for demographic inference typically require input from the researcher in the form of a parameterized model. With an increased variety of methods and tools, each with its own interface, the model specification becomes tedious and error-prone. Moreover, optimization algorithms used to find model parameters sometimes turn out to be inefficient, for instance, by being not properly tuned or highly dependent on a user-provided initialization. The open-source software GADMA addresses these problems, providing automatic demographic inference. It proposes a common interface for several likelihood engines and provides global parameters optimization based on a genetic algorithm.

Results
Here, we introduce the new GADMA2 software and provide a detailed description of the added and expanded features. It has a renovated core code base, new likelihood engines, an updated optimization algorithm, and a flexible setup for automatic model construction. We provide a full overview of GADMA2 enhancements, compare the performance of supported likelihood engines on simulated data, and demonstrate an example of GADMA2 usage on 2 empirical datasets.

Conclusions
We demonstrate the better performance of a genetic algorithm in GADMA2 by comparing it to the initial version and other existing optimization approaches. Our experiments on simulated data indicate that GADMA2’s likelihood engines are able to provide accurate estimations of demographic parameters even for misspecified models. We improve model parameters for 2 empirical datasets of inbred species.
Before–after control–impact (BACI) assessment of the effects of a deep-water no-take fishery reserve to recover Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) overfished populations and coexisting megafauna
Authors: Vigo M , Navarro J , Rotllant G , Bahamon N , Carretón M , Quevedo J , Rojas A , Company J B 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOne of the main drivers of marine ecosystem change is fishing activity, bottom trawling being the most intensive fishing practice affecting benthic ecosystems worldwide. In the western Mediterranean Sea, Norway lobster stocks present signs of overexploitation due to trawling pressure, as their biomass and abundance have decreased abruptly during the last few years. No-take fishery reserves, a type of marine protected area where fishing is prohibited, could be efficient management measures to recover Norway lobster overexploited populations and coexisting demersal megafauna. Adopting a BACI (before–after control–impact) approach, we performed experimental fishing surveys before and after 4 years of the implementation of a deep-sea no-take reserve in the northwestern Mediterranean. After 4 years of closure, the Norway lobster population increased in abundance, biomass, body size, and trophic level in the no-take reserve. Our approach also revealed an increase in Norway lobster biomass beyond its boundaries, suggesting a spillover effect. Other demersal fish species also increased in biomass and abundance in the no-take reserve. Based on the results of this study, we suggest that no-take reserves might be an effective measure for recovering the Norway lobster stock and some species present in the same habitat.
Modelling time-varying growth in state-space stock assessments
Authors: Correa Giancarlo M , Monnahan Cole C , Sullivan Jane Y , Thorson James T , Punt André E 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
State-space assessment models (SSMs) have garnered attention recently because of their ability to estimate time variation in biological and fisheries processes such as recruitment, natural mortality, catchability, and selectivity. However, current SSMs cannot model time-varying growth internally nor accept length data, limiting their use. Here, we expand the Woods Hole Assessment Model to incorporate new approaches to modelling changes in growth using a combination of parametric and nonparametric approaches while fitting to length and weight data. We present these new features and apply them to data for three important Alaskan stocks with distinct data and model needs. We conduct a “self-test” simulation experiment to ensure the unbiasedness and statistical efficiency of model estimates and predictions. This research presents the first SSM that can be applied when length data are a key source of information, variation in growth is an essential part of the dynamics of the assessed stock, or when linking climate variables to growth in hindcasts or forecasts is relevant. Consequently, the state-space approach and growth estimation can be applied to more fish stocks worldwide, facilitating real-world applications and implementation of simulation experiments for performance evaluation of SSMs for the many stocks whose assessments rely on length data.
Risk and the Reasonable Refugee: Exploring a Key Credibility Inference in Canadian Refugee Status Rejections
Authors: Evans Cameron Hilary 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This mixed-methods study analyses a sample of 303 rejections of refugee claims by Canadian refugee status adjudicators. It explores the role that inferences about the claimant’s risk response play in supporting the adjudicators’ conclusions that the claimant is lying. In justifying their negative credibility conclusions, the adjudicators in almost two out of three decisions (63%) cited the claimant’s risk response. They often measured the claimant against a general idealized standard: in the face of an alleged danger, the claimant did not act like a ‘person at risk’. This approach brings to refugee law the confusion that characterizes the common law’s most famous fiction. Like the ‘reasonable man’, the ‘person at risk’ blurs the lines between descriptive analyses aimed at understanding how a person would have acted and normative analyses aimed at establishing how a person should have acted. Moreover, in deciding how a ‘person at risk’ would act, the adjudicators did not consider social scientific sources. For many decades, researchers have investigated how human beings respond to potentially deadly threats such as natural hazards, lethal illnesses, attacks, and assaults. The adjudicators’ reasoning, resting on common sense alone, often ran counter to key insights that emerge from this body of research. This study’s findings suggest that refugee systems must guard against the use of normative standards in drawing credibility inferences from a claimant’s risk response, and that they must do more to ensure that social scientific evidence informs these judgments. Evidence about human risk response should be on the record in every refugee hearing.
“Our Way of Life is not up for Negotiation!”: Climate Interventions in the Shadow of ‘Societal Security’
Authors: McLaren Duncan , Corry Olaf 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
‘Climate security’ conventionally refers to climate change being a multiplier of threats to national security, international peace and stability, or human security. Here we identify a hitherto overlooked inverted climate security discourse in which climate responses (rather than climate impacts) are held to pose an existential threat to dominant fossil fuel-dependent ‘ways of life’, justifying extraordinary measures—societal climate security. In doing so, we seek to make three novel contributions. First, we set out how societal securitization applies beyond a national frame and in relation to transnational threats like climate change, arguing it promotes not just exceptional measures but also palliative ones that avoid challenging incumbent identities. Second, we draw on recent evidence and extant literatures to show that 'societal climate security' already has substantial material emanations in the form of exceptional measures, deployed domestically against climate protestors and externally against climate migrants, in the name of societal order and cohesion. Third, we turn to wider climate policy implications, arguing that societal securitization tilts policy agendas further away from rapid mitigation pathways and toward promissory measures such as ‘geoengineering’—schemes for future, large-scale technological interventions in the climate system—that may appear less threatening to established societal identities. While there are sound ecological and humanitarian rationales to research such technologies, in the context of societal securitization these can be appropriated to defend dominant ‘ways of life’ instead. To conclude, we reflect on how, were it attempted, deployment of solar geoengineering for societal security would affect security politics more widely.
Analytical Performance Evaluation of Three Point-of-Care CBC Analyzers for Management of Clozapine Therapy in Ambulatory Psychiatry Clinics
Authors: Maynard Robert D , Funk Tony , Harrill William , Jin Jenny , Smith Dawn , Smith Gina , Korpi-Steiner Nichole 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Clozapine is a first-line therapy and the only FDA-approved drug for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). However, frequent measurement of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is required to monitor for potential adverse severe neutropenia from clozapine therapy. We evaluated 3 point-of-care (POC) instruments that perform the complete blood count (CBC) with differential to assess their analytical performance and potential to meet the clinical need for clozapine therapy management.

Methods
A CBC with differential was performed on 104 residual whole blood specimens using 3 CBC analyzers (Sight OLO, PixCell HemoScreen, and Sysmex pocH-100i) to assess analytical precision, linearity, and accuracy vs the ADVIA 2120i and manual differential reference methods. Clinical concordance of ANC between POC devices and manual differential at medical decision points for mild, moderate, or severe neutropenia, and the threshold for clozapine therapy discontinuation (1.0 × 109/L) were determined.

Results
For CBC parameters, a CV ≤ 6.4% was observed on the OLO, CV ≤ 6.2% for the HemoScreen, and CV ≤ 5.1% with the pocH-100i. Each device accurately identified ANC with the greatest mean bias ±0.42 × 109/L using the pocH-100i vs manual differential. For results near the medical decision points (ANC &lt;1.5 × 109/L), clinical concordance of ANC results was 55.6% for the OLO, 89.5% for the HemoScreen, and 82.4% for the pocH-100i.

Conclusions
The HemoScreen device demonstrated the best clinical concordance in ANC values at medical decision thresholds for clozapine therapy management.
A pilot test of an infographic-based health communication intervention to enhance patient education among Latino persons with HIV
Authors: Stonbraker Samantha , Sanabria Gabriella , Tagliaferri Rael Christine , George Maureen , Amesty Silvia , Abraído-Lanza Ana F , Rowell-Cunsolo Tawandra , Centi Sophia , McNair Bryan , Bakken Suzanne , Schnall Rebecca 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
To pilot test an infographic-based health communication intervention that our team rigorously designed and explore whether its implementation leads to better health outcomes among Latino persons with HIV (PWH).

Materials and Methods
Latino PWH (N = 30) living in New York City received the intervention during health education sessions at 3 study visits that occurred approximately 3 months apart. At each visit, participants completed baseline or follow-up assessments and laboratory data were extracted from patient charts. We assessed 6 outcomes (HIV-related knowledge, self-efficacy to manage HIV, adherence to antiretroviral therapy, CD4 count, viral load, and current and overall health status) selected according to a conceptual model that describes pathways through which communication influences health outcomes. We assessed changes in outcomes over time using quantile and generalized linear regression models controlling for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) research pause and new patient status (new/established) at the time of enrollment.

Results
Most participants were male (60%) and Spanish-speaking (60%); 40% of participants identified as Mixed Race/Mestizo, 13.3% as Black, 13.3% as White, and 33.3% as “other” race. Outcome measures generally improved after the second intervention exposure. Following the third intervention exposure (after the COVID-19 research pause), only the improvements in HIV-related knowledge and current health status were statistically significant.

Discussion and Conclusion
Our infographic-based health communication intervention may lead to better health outcomes among Latino PWH, but larger trials are needed to establish efficacy. From this work, we contribute suggestions for effective infographic use for patient-provider communication to enhance patient education in clinical settings.
Free Tissue Reconstruction of a Liquid Nitrogen Burn: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Daly Patrick , McCrossan Susan , McInerney Niall M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Due to its boiling point of −196 °C, liquid nitrogen is a cryogenic substance which is commonly used in many industries for its cooling properties. However, this extreme cooling capability means that it also has the potential to inflict severe full-thickness burns. Despite its widespread use in the workplace, very little has been described in the literature regarding complex reconstruction of liquid nitrogen burns. We present a case that is unique, not only in its unusual mechanism of injury but also in that it is the first described case of free tissue reconstruction of cryogenic burns.
Finding Facts in Medieval English Law
Authors: Kamali Elizabeth Papp 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAccounts of the post-Lateran IV period tend to emphasize the different procedural paths taken by English courts, which adopted jury trial for felony cases, and continental European courts, which turned toward inquisitorial methods and a greater reliance on confession. This article argues that the fact-finding strategies of the two systems had more in common than may appear at first glance due, in part, to a shared cultural reservoir exemplified by the strategy of circumstantial inquiry employed by confessors. Rather than focusing on the point of greatest difference, the trial jury, this article examines pre-trial investigative processes to emphasize shared jurisprudential priorities.
Board composition and performance of state-owned enterprises: quasi-experimental evidence
Authors: Baltrunaite Audinga , Cannella Mario , Mocetti Sauro , Roma Giacomo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We analyze the impact of board composition on the performance of companies controlled by public entities in Italy, using a reform-induced change. The law’s provisions, aimed at increasing female representation and at reducing the revolving-door phenomenon, were binding for state-owned enterprises (SOEs), but not for companies with a minority share of public ownership, allowing to adopt a difference-in-differences estimation. Results show that female presence on the boards of directors of SOEs increased, while that of former politicians decreased. New directors replaced older and less talented men, thereby rejuvenating the boards and improving their quality. To assess the effects on firm performance, we analyze companies’ balance sheets and survey information on citizens’ satisfaction with the provision of local public services and on objective measures of their quality. While firm productivity remains unaffected, we find that profitability increases and leverage decreases, thereby lowering corporate credit risk, and that SOEs’ output quality improves (JEL G34, L32, H42).
Organoids in COVID-19: can we break the glass ceiling?
Authors: Chau Chiu Wang , Sugimura Ryohichi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
COVID-19 emerged in September 2020 as a disease caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2. The disease presented as pneumonia at first but later was shown to cause multisystem infections and long-term complications. Many efforts have been put into discovering the exact pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we aim to discuss an emerging tool in disease modeling, organoids, in the investigation of COVID-19. This review will introduce some methods and breakthroughs achieved by organoids and the limitations of this system.
The influence of landscape features on the population connectivity and genetic structure of the Edible Dormouse Glis glis in Poland
Authors: Moska Magdalena , Mucha Anna , Wierzbicki Heliodor , Nowak Błażej 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this study, we analyze and compare the genetic structure of edible dormice representing five populations, inhabiting forest complexes in southwestern Poland that differ in their degree of fragmentation and isolation. Total genomic DNA was isolated from hairs with bulbs of 145 individuals captured between 2018 and 2020. All dormice sampled were genotyped at 14 microsatellite loci. Population genetic analyses showed that genetic variability in the studied dormice, assessed based on observed and expected heterozygosity as well as allelic richness, was on average very low (0.39, 0.43, and 2.83, respectively). In the populations studied, genetic structure was detected indicating two or five distinct genetic clusters, the existence of which can be attributed to either historical factors or modern human activity. Genetic differentiation between dormice living in the studied localities, determined by FST, ranged from 0.07 to 0.40 (all FST coefficients were significant at P &lt; 0.05). A significant positive correlation was detected between genetic differentiation and geographic distance (r = 0.645, P &lt; 0.017), indicating that genetic differentiation increases with distance, but no correlation between genetic differentiation and habitat barriers (r = 0.359, P &lt; 0.132). The results of this research are compared to those of other European populations of edible dormice, and implications for the future of this endangered species are discussed.
Performing financial communication as professional practice: The interplay of consensus and tension in earnings calls
Authors: Hirsto Heidi , Koskela Merja , Jokipii Annukka 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Financial communication is a form of organizational communication that links strategic and managerial views on the firm with the surveilling gaze of investors and the financial market, thereby functioning as a practice of transparency. In this article, we focus on the interaction between corporate managers and market analysts in an institutionalized, professional genre of financial communication: the earnings call. Our goal is to increase understanding of how the earnings call as a public and interactional genre contributes to the enactment and constitution of financial communication as a professional practice. We conduct a close analysis of four earnings calls, combining a term-based analysis of the conceptual structuring of the calls with a discourse–rhetorical analysis of manager–analyst interaction. The analysis shows how communication of consensus, based on evoking a common body of expertise, alternates with expressions of potential tension in ways that have complex and contradictory effects on transparency. While the evocation of expertise signals common ground and boundaries around the professional practice, the rhetoric of tension constructs boundaries between the professional roles, producing a relation of surveillance. We consider both the ideational consensus and the role-related tension as performative achievements and constitutive elements of the earnings call. Their combination functions to perform earnings call as a site of both specialized expertise and transparency, thus lending legitimacy to financial communication as a professional practice. Through applying a communication-centered theoretical lens, the study adds to the understanding of professions as constructed in and through professional relations, and through the communicative practices that structure and stabilize these relations.