bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of ethnicity on adherence to nonsurgical interventions for COPD: a scoping review
Authors: Alamer Sarah , Robinson-Barella Anna , Nazar Hamde , Husband Andy 
Published: September 2023

Objective:Poor therapeutic adherence and the contributing factors have been extensively researched in several chronic diseases, including COPD. However, the influence of ethnicity on adherence to nonsurgical treatment interventions for COPD (e.g.smoking cessation and pulmonary rehabilitation) is not well understood. This scoping review was performed to better understand variations in adherence among people from minority ethnic communities diagnosed with COPD.Method:This scoping review was designed based on the refined frameworks of Arksey and O'Malley, developed by JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute). Systematic searches were performed across three databases: CINHAL (EBSCO), MEDLINE (Ovid) and Embase (Ovid).Results:Out of 3654 identified records, 37 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion; these were conducted in various countries and involved populations of diverse ethnic groups diagnosed with COPD. The included studies considered provision and/or adherence to medication (n=8, 21.6%), smoking cessation (n=11, 29.7%), influenza vaccinations (n=7, 18.9%), pulmonary rehabilitation (n=11, 29.7%) and oxygen therapy (n=2, 5.4%). Outcomes varied widely between studies within a single intervention (e.g.initiation, adherence and completion of pulmonary rehabilitation programme). However, most of the included studies suggested the presence of inequalities linked to ethnicity across interventions.Conclusion:This review indicated the presence of poor adherence to nonsurgical interventions among people from minority ethnic backgrounds living with COPD. However, due to the heterogeneity in population groups considered and compared within the individual studies, it is challenging to identify and understand the key inequalities influencing adherence to nonsurgical interventions. Further research is needed to better explore this.
Disruption of the Novel Small Protein RBR7 Leads to Enhanced Plant Resistance to Blast Disease
Authors: Shi Hui , Xiong Qing , Zhao Zhangjie , Zhou Lian , Yin Junjie , Lu Xiang , Chen Xuewei , Wang Jing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPlant disease is a threat to global food security. Breeding crops carrying broad-spectrum resistance loci is an effective way to control infectious disease. Disease-resistant mutants are valuable resources for deciphering the underlying mechanisms of plant immunity and could provide genetic loci to generate disease-resistant crops. Here, we identified a rice mutant, rbr7 (rice blast resistance 7), that confers resistance against different strains of Magnaporthe oryzae. Disease-mimicking necrotic lesions started to appear on the leaves of rbr7 four weeks after sowing. Histochemical analysis revealed reactive oxygen species accumulation and cell death accompanied by spontaneous lesion formation in rbr7. Map-based cloning and bulk segregation analysis showed a 2855 bp fragment deletion on chromosome 5, leading to the disruption of the LOC_Os05g28480-coding protein. Transgenic rbr7 complementation plants showed compromised resistance to rice blast, indicating that LOC_Os05g28480, or Rbr7, regulates the rice immune response. Rbr7 encodes a small protein of unknown function with 85 amino acids. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that disruption of RBR7 led to the upregulation of genes responding to salicylic acid, systemic acquired resistance and pathogenesis-related genes. Taken together, our findings reveal insights into a novel small protein involved in regulating plant resistance to rice blast and provide a potential target for crop breeding.
TIPred: a novel stacked ensemble approach for the accelerated discovery of tyrosinase inhibitory peptides
Authors: Charoenkwan Phasit , Kongsompong Sasikarn , Schaduangrat Nalini , Chumnanpuen Pramote , Shoombuatong Watshara 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Tyrosinase is an enzyme involved in melanin production in the skin. Several hyperpigmentation disorders involve the overproduction of melanin and instability of tyrosinase activity resulting in darker, discolored patches on the skin. Therefore, discovering tyrosinase inhibitory peptides (TIPs) is of great significance for basic research and clinical treatments. However, the identification of TIPs using experimental methods is generally cost-ineffective and time-consuming.

Results
Herein, a stacked ensemble learning approach, called TIPred, is proposed for the accurate and quick identification of TIPs by using sequence information. TIPred explored a comprehensive set of various baseline models derived from well-known machine learning (ML) algorithms and heterogeneous feature encoding schemes from multiple perspectives, such as chemical structure properties, physicochemical properties, and composition information. Subsequently, 130 baseline models were trained and optimized to create new probabilistic features. Finally, the feature selection approach was utilized to determine the optimal feature vector for developing TIPred. Both tenfold cross-validation and independent test methods were employed to assess the predictive capability of TIPred by using the stacking strategy. Experimental results showed that TIPred significantly outperformed the state-of-the-art method in terms of the independent test, with an accuracy of 0.923, MCC of 0.757 and an AUC of 0.977.

Conclusions
The proposed TIPred approach could be a valuable tool for rapidly discovering novel TIPs and effectively identifying potential TIP candidates for follow-up experimental validation. Moreover, an online webserver of TIPred is publicly available at http://pmlabstack.pythonanywhere.com/TIPred.
Multidrug-resistant bacterial infection in adult patients following cardiac surgery: clinical characteristics and risk factors
Authors: Ren Jianwei , Duan Shengchen , Wu Yuanxing , Wen Mingxiu , Zhang Jianye , Liu Yulei , Zhu Guangfa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of infections with multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) pose great challenges for anti-infective therapy. Previous research on MDRO infections after cardiac surgery was limited. Therefore, understanding and mastering the clinical characteristics and risk predictors of MDRO infection after cardiac surgery is of great significance for standardized management of perioperative patients.

Methods
The medical records of adult patients with MDRO infection after cardiac surgery from January 2018 to October 2021 were collected, and patients were divided into MDR infection group (n = 176) and non-MDR infection group (n = 233). Univariate and multivariate regression analysis of variables was performed to determine the risk predictors of MDRO infection.

Results
The incidence of MDRO infection was 8.6%. Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common, accounting for 37.3%, 23.5% and 18.0%, respectively. The main infection type were lower respiratory tract infection (LTRI = 29.0%). Univariate analysis showed that underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) (P = 0.001) and secondary operation (P = 0.008), pre-infection exposure to vancomycin (P < 0.001) and linezolid (P = 0.002), combination antibiotics (P < 0.001), four antibiotics in combination (P = 0.005), glucocorticoid use (P = 0.029), preoperative hypoalbuminemia (P = 0.003) were risk factors for post-operative MDRO infection. Multivariate regression analysis showed that underwent CABG (OR = 1.228, 95%CI = 1.056∽1.427, P = 0.008), secondary operation (OR = 1.910, 95%CI = 1.131∽3.425, P = 0.015) and pre-infection exposure to linezolid (OR = 3.704, 95%CI = 1.291∽10.629, P = 0.005) were independent risk predictors for MDRO infection. The risk of MDRO infection increased with the length of stay in the ICU (P < 0.001) and the length of stay before diagnosis of infection (P = 0.003), and the difference was statistically significant. Meanwhile, the length of stay after infection (P = 0.005) and the total length of hospital stay (P < 0.001) were significantly longer in the MDRO infection group, and the all-cause mortality was numerically higher in the MDRO infection group (31.3% versus 23.2%).

Conclusions
The morbidity and mortality of MDRO infection was high in adult cardiac surgery, and many risk factors influence the occurrence of MDRO infection. In the future, clinicians should focus on high-risk patients, strengthen multidisciplinary collaboration on infection prevention and control measures, reduce the morbidity and mortality of MDRO infection, and improve the prognosis of in-hospital patients.
Assessing the self-reported honesty threshold in adolescent epidemiological research: comparing supervised machine learning and inferential statistical techniques
Authors: Kosgolla Janaka V. , Smith Douglas C. , Begum Shahana , Reinhart Crystal A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Epidemiological surveys offer essential data on adolescent substance use. Nevertheless, the precision of these self-report-based surveys often faces mistrust from researchers and the public. We evaluate the efficacy of a direct method to assess data quality by asking adolescents if they were honest. The main goal of our study was to assess the accuracy of a self-report honesty item and designate an optimal threshold for it, allowing us to better account for its impact on point estimates.

Methods
The participants were from the 2020 Illinois Youth Survey, a self-report school-based survey. We divided the primary dataset into subsets based on responses to an honesty item. Then, for each dataset, we examined two distinct data analysis methodologies: supervised machine learning, using the random forest algorithm, and a conventional inferential statistical method, logistic regression. We evaluated item thresholds from both analyses, investigating probable relationships with reported fake drug use, social desirability biases, and missingness in the datasets.

Results
The study results corroborate the appropriateness and reliability of the honesty item and its corresponding threshold. These contain the agreeing honesty thresholds determined in both data analyses, the identified association between reported fake drug use and lower honesty scores, increased missingness and lower honesty, and the determined link between the social desirability bias and honesty threshold.

Conclusions
Confirming the honesty threshold via missing data analysis also strengthens these collective findings, emphasizing our methodology’s and findings’ robustness. Researchers are encouraged to use self-report honesty items in epidemiological research. This will permit the modeling of accurate point estimates by addressing questionable reporting.
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hosseini Samaneh , Shafiabadi Nasim , Khanzadeh Monireh , Ghaedi Arshin , Ghorbanzadeh Raziyeh , Azarhomayoun Amir , Bazrgar Aida , Pezeshki Jalil , Bazrafshan Hanieh , Khanzadeh Shokoufeh 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The goal of this research was to explore the role of Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Methods
From inception to 4 June 2023, PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest were searched for papers comparing NLR in PD to healthy individuals. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95% were calculated.

Results
A random-effect model revealed that PD patients had elevated NLR values compared to healthy individuals (SMD = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.47 to 1.14, P < 0.001). The results of subgroup analysis were as follows: (1) study design: We observed that patients with PD had higher levels of NLR than healthy controls in either retrospective (SMD = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.58 to 1.66, P < 0.001) or prospective (SMD = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.18 to 0.68, P = 0.001) studies. (2) Ethnicity: We noticed that individuals with PD had higher levels of NLR than healthy controls, whether they were East Asian (SMD = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.22 to 1.63, P = 0.010) or Caucasian (SMD = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.40 to 1.10, P < 0.001).The pooled sensitivity of NLR in the prediction of PD was 0.67 (95% CI = 0.61–0.73), and the pooled specificity was 0.66 (95% CI, 0.61–0.70).

Conclusions
Increased levels of NLR is highly related with the presence of PD. Further research is needed to determine the potential clinical benefits of this simple and low-cost biomarker in the PD diagnosis.
Incident Kaposi sarcoma during the expansion of antiretroviral therapy eligibility in Nigeria: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Akanbi Maxwell. O. , Bilaver Lucy. A. , Achenbach Chad , Hirschhorn Lisa. R. , Rivera Adovich. S. , Adekolujo Orimisan. S. , Adekola Kehinde. U. A. , Silas Olugbenga. A. , Agaba Patricia. A. , Agbaji Oche , Shehu Nathan. Y. , Sagay Solomon. A. , Hou Lifang , Murphy Robert. L. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The expansion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) eligibility could lead to earlier initiation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) treatment and consequently reduce the risk of HIV-associated Kaposi Sarcoma (KS). We investigated the impact of changes in the Nigerian HIV treatment guidelines on KS incidence among adults enrolled in HIV care in Nigeria.

Methods
We analyzed data of adults who enrolled for HIV care from January 2006 to December 2016 at one of Nigeria’s largest HIV treatment centers. Based on changes in HIV treatment guidelines, we classified 2006–2009 as the pre-expansion period and 2010–2016 as the post-expansion period. We used Kaplan Meier curves to compare the incidence of KS in the pre-expansion to the post-expansion period. We used Cox regression models to assess the hazard for incident KS between the two periods after adjusting for potential confounders.

Results
Among 14,479 patients with HIV, the overall KS incidence was 2.35; 95% CI 2.01–2.74/1,000 person-years. The incidence of KS decreased from 2.53 to 1.58 per 1,000 person-years from 2006 to 2009 to 2010–2016. In models adjusting for age, sex, CD4-T cell count, and ART use, the risk for KS remained lower in 2010–2016 compared to 2006–2009. In analyses restricted to time on ART, there was no significant difference in KS incidence between HIV patients who enrolled in 2006–2009 and 2010–2016 after adjusting for age, sex, and CD4 T-cell count.

Conclusion
The expansion of ART eligibility was associated with a reduced incidence of HIV-associated KS among adults initiating HIV care in Jos, Nigeria. The reduction was likely driven by earlier enrollment for HIV care and ART initiation.
Assessing complex interventions: a systematic review of outcomes used in randomised controlled trials on STI partner notification in high-income countries
Authors: Sawras Victoire , Deuffic-Burban Sylvie , Préau Marie , Spire Bruno , Yazdanpanah Yazdan , Champenois Karen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Partner notification interventions are complex and assessing their effectiveness is challenging. By reviewing the literature on the effectiveness of partner notification interventions, our aim was to evaluate the choice, collection, and interpretation of outcomes and their impact on study findings.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review of individual-level randomised controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of partner notification interventions for bacterial STIs, HIV or sexually transmitted HCV in high-income countries since 2000. Partner notification interventions included assisted patient referral interventions and expedited treatment. The content analysis was carried out through a narrative review.

Results
In the 9 studies that met the inclusion criteria, 16 different outcomes were found. In most studies, one or two outcomes assessing partner notification practices were associated with an outcome reflecting STI circulation through index case reinfections. These outcomes assessed the main expected effects of partner notification interventions. However, partner notification is composed of a succession of actions between the intervention on the index case and the testing and/or treatment of the notified partners. Intermediate outcomes were missing so as to better understand levers and barriers throughout the process. Potential changes in participants’ sexual behaviour after partner notification, e.g. condom use, were outcomes reported in only two studies assessing interventions including counselling. Most outcomes were collected through interviews, some weeks after the intervention, which might lead to desirability and attrition biases, respectively. Assessment of the effectiveness of partner notification interventions on partner testing/treatment was limited by the collection of data from index cases. Few data describing index cases and their partners were provided in the studies. Additional data on the number and type of exposed partners and the proportion of partners already aware of their infection before being notified would help to interpret the results.

Conclusions
These insights would help to understand why and under what conditions the intervention is considered effective and therefore can be replicated or adapted to other populations and contexts.
Intramedullary Kirschner wire fixation of displaced distal forearm fractures in children
Authors: Abulsoud Mohamed I. , Mohammed Ahmed Saied , Elmarghany Mohammed , Elgeushy Ahmed , Elzahed Ehab , Moawad Mohamed , Elshal Ehab A. , Elhalawany Mohamed F. , Hassanein Yahia A. , Fouad Amr A. , Zakaria Ahmed R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Aim of the work
This study was designed to highlight internal fixation by intramedullary K-wires for displaced distal forearm fractures among children and analyze the results of this technique. We hypothesize that physis-sparing intramedullary fixation prevents displacement with a lower complication rate.

Methods
This prospective case series involving 47 patients was conducted between February 2018 and December 2019. All patients with open physis presented with recent displaced distal forearm fractures were included, and all of them were treated with an intramedullary k-wire fixation for both bones with the assessment of the union rate, union time, suspected complication, radiographic evaluation, and functional outcome.

Results
The study population consisted of 31 boys (66%) and 16 girls (34%). The mean age of the patients was 10.68 ± 2.728 years (range, 7–15 years). All fractures were united in a median of 6 weeks (range, 4–8 weeks), The functional outcome after 12 months was normal in 42 patients (89.4%), whereas, in five patients (10.6%), the functional parameters were minimally reduced. The median preoperative angulation improved from 36° (range, 24°–52°) preoperatively to 4° (range, 0°–10°) on immediate postoperative radiographs. After 12 months, the median angulation was 2° (range, 0°–7°) (p < 0.001). The angulation of the distal radius immediately after surgery and at the final follow-up was statistically correlated with the functional outcome (p < 0.001 and 0.002, respectively).

Conclusion
This technique provides a good result with less susceptibility to re-displacement and low complication rates.

Level of evidence
Level IV.
Investigation of the anti-inflammatory effects of native potential probiotics as supplementary therapeutic agents in an in-vitro model of inflammation
Authors: Aghamohammad Shadi , Sepehr Amin , Miri Seyedeh Tina , Najafi Saeideh , Pourshafie Mohammad R. , Rohani Mahdi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
IBD is considered an inflammatory disease with abnormal and exaggerated immune responses. To control the symptoms, different theraputic agents could be used, however, utilizing the agents with the least side effects could be important. Probiotics as beneficial microorganisms are one of the complementory theraputic agents that could be used to modulate inflammatory signaling pathways. In the current study, we aimed to identify the precise molecular effects of potential probiotics on signaling pathways involved in the development of inflammation.

Methods
A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was used to analyze the expression of JAK /STAT (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, TYK2, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5 and STAT6) and inflammatory genes (NEMO, TIRAP, IRAK, and RIP) after the HT -29 cell line treatment with the sonicated pathogens and potential probiotics. A cytokine assay was also used to evaluate IL -6 and IL -1β production after potential probiotic treatment.

Results
The potential probiotic cocktail downregulated the JAK genes and TIRAP, IRAK4, NEMO, and RIP genes in the NF-kB pathway compared with cells that were treated with sonicated gram negative pathogens. The expression of STAT genes was different after potential probiotic treatment. The production of IL -6 and IL -1β decreased after potential probiotic treatment.

Conclusions
Considering the importance of controlling the symptoms of IBD to improve the life quality of the patients, using probiotic could be crucial. In the current study the studied native potential probiotic cocktails showed anti-inflammatory effects via modulation of JAK /STAT and NF-kB signaling pathways. This observation suggests that our native potential probiotics consumption could be useful in reducing intestinal inflammation.
A qualitative study of experiences of institutional objection to medical assistance in dying in Canada: ongoing challenges and catalysts for change
Authors: Close Eliana , Jeanneret Ruthie , Downie Jocelyn , Willmott Lindy , White Ben P 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
In June 2016, Canada legalized medical assistance in dying (MAiD). From the outset, some healthcare institutions (including faith-based and non-faith-based hospitals, hospices, and residential aged care facilities) have refused to allow aspects of MAiD onsite, resulting in patient transfers for MAiD assessments and provision. There have been media reports highlighting the negative consequences of these “institutional objections”, however, very little research has examined their nature and impact.

Methods
This study reports on findings from 48 semi-structured qualitative interviews conducted with MAiD assessors and providers, MAiD team members (working to coordinate care and lead MAiD programs in institutions and health authorities), and family caregivers on their experiences with institutional objection. Participants were recruited from the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Ontario, and Nova Scotia. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results
Themes identified were: (1) basis for institutional objection (with objections commonly rooted in religious values and a particular philosophy of palliative care); (2) scope of objection (demonstrating a wide range of practices objected to); (3) lack of transparency regarding institutional position; (4) impacts on patients; (5) impacts on health practitioners; and (6) catalysts for change. Participants reported that many institutions’ objections had softened over time, lessening barriers to MAiD access and adverse impacts on patients and health practitioners. Participants attributed this positive change to a range of catalysts including advocacy by health practitioners and family members, policymaking by local health authorities, education, and relationship building. Nevertheless, some institutions, particularly faith-based ones, retained strong objections to MAiD, resulting in forced transfers and negative emotional and psychological impacts on patients, family members, and health practitioners.

Conclusions
This paper adds to the limited evidence base about the impacts of institutional objection and can inform practical and regulatory solutions in Canada and abroad. Reform is needed to minimize the negative impacts on patients, their caregivers, and health practitioners involved in MAiD practice.