bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does body mass index influence surgical options and overall survival in breast cancer patients?
Authors: Luís Carla , Fernandes Rute , Dias João , Pereira Deolinda , Machado Firmino , Baylina Pilar , Fernandes Rúben , Soares Raquel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObesity is a relevant risk factor in breast cancer (BC), but little is known about the effects of overweight and obesity in surgical outcomes of BC patients. The aim of this study is to analyse surgical options and associated overall survival (OS) in overweight and obese women with BC. In this study, 2143 women diagnosed between 2012 and 2016 at the Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) were included, and the clinicopathological information was retrieved from the institutional database. Patients were stratified by body mass index (BMI). Statistical analysis included Pearson's chi-squared test with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Multinomial, binary logistic regression and cox proportional-hazards model were also performed to calculate odd ratios and hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for adjusted and non-adjusted models. The results revealed no statistical difference in histological type, topographic localization, tumour stage and receptor status and in the number of surgical interventions. Overweight women have increased probability to be subjected to sentinel node biopsy. Obese and overweight women are more likely to be submitted to conservative surgery and contrariwise, less likely to undergo total mastectomy. Patients submitted to conservative surgery and not submitted to total mastectomy had a favourable OS although without statistical significance. No significant differences were observed in OS when stratified by BMI. Our results revealed significant variations regarding the surgical options in overweight and obese patients, but these were not translated in OS difference. More research is recommended to better address treatment options in overweight and obese BC patients.
Consensus Recommendations for Clinical Outcome Assessments and Registry Development in Ataxias: Ataxia Global Initiative (AGI) Working Group Expert Guidance
Authors: Klockgether Thomas , Synofzik Matthis ,   AGI working group on COAs and Registries, Alhusaini Saud , Anheim Mathieu , Antonijevic Irina , Ashizawa Tee , Bataller Luis , Berard Mélanie , Bertini Enrico , Boesch Sylvia , Braga-Neto Pedro , Cassou Emanuel , Chan Edwin , Chuang Rosalind , Collins Abbie , Damásio Joana , Donis Karina , Duquette Antoine , Durães João , Durr Alexandra , Evans Rebecca , Faber Jennifer , Farmer Jennifer , Gennarino Vincenzo , Graessner Holm , Grobe-Einsler Marcus , Hanagasie Hasmet , Heidari Morteza , Houlden Henry , Indelicato Elisabetta , Ishikawa Kinya , Jacobi Heike , Jardim Laura , Kisanuki Yaz , Kopishinskaia Svetlana , L´Italien Gilbert , Maas Roderick , Mancuso Michelangelo , Mariotti Caterina , Ibrahim Norlinah Mohamed , Nachbauer Wolfgang , Nemeth Andrea , Ng Yi Shiau , Obieglo Katja , Onodera Osamu , Opal Puneet , de Almeida Luis Pereira , Perlman Susan , Primiano Guido , Renaud Mathilde , Rosenthal Liana , Saccà Francesco , Sattar Zahid , Schmitz-Hübsch Tanja , Schöls Ludger , Schüle Rebecca , Seeberger Lauren , Silvestri Gabriella , Sobanska Anna , Soong Bin-Weng , Srivastava Achal Kumar , Stoyas Colleen , du Montcel Sophie Tezenas , Thieme Andreas , Timmann Dagmar , Tocoian Adina , Traschütz Andreas , van de Warrenburg Bart , Ziegler Wolfram 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo accelerate and facilitate clinical trials, the Ataxia Global Initiative (AGI) was established as a worldwide research platform for trial readiness in ataxias. One of AGI’s major goals is the harmonization and standardization of outcome assessments. Clinical outcome assessments (COAs) that describe or reflect how a patient feels or functions are indispensable for clinical trials, but similarly important for observational studies and in routine patient care. The AGI working group on COAs has defined a set of data including a graded catalog of COAs that are recommended as a standard for future assessment and sharing of clinical data and joint clinical studies. Two datasets were defined: a mandatory dataset (minimal dataset) that can ideally be obtained during a routine clinical consultation and a more demanding extended dataset that is useful for research purposes. In the future, the currently most widely used clinician-reported outcome measure (ClinRO) in ataxia, the scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA), should be developed into a generally accepted instrument that can be used in upcoming clinical trials. Furthermore, there is an urgent need (i) to obtain more data on ataxia-specific, patient-reported outcome measures (PROs), (ii) to demonstrate and optimize sensitivity to change of many COAs, and (iii) to establish methods and evidence of anchoring change in COAs in patient meaningfulness, e.g., by determining patient-derived minimally meaningful thresholds of change.
Technological, healthcare and consumer funds efficiency: influence of COVID-19
Authors: Proença Catarina Alexandra Neves , Neves Maria Elisabete Duarte , do Castelo Baptista Gouveia Maria , da Silva Madaleno Mara Teresa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to analyze the efficiency of the funds in technological, healthcare, and consumer cyclical sectors based on the U.S. News & World Report rankings. We employed a Principal Component Analysis to select the indicators to explain efficiency. Then, we have used an alternative approach that combines Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding, the Value-Based DEA, to assess the efficiency of funds for 1 year (2020), 3 years (2018–2020), and 5 years (2016–2020). The results highlight that in 2020 the number of efficient funds is much smaller than in previous periods and this can be justified by the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. The sectors with the most efficient funds are technology and healthcare. The factors that determine the efficiency of funds in the health sector and the technology sector are quite different, although they have not undergone major changes in the three periods considered. For managers, health funds are seen as low risk and hardly consider the return factors in all analyzed periods, which is often considered as benchmarks for inefficient funds. In the technology sector, Beta and Alpha are generally the indicators with the greatest weight in fund efficiency, showing that these funds beat the market in terms of returns and are less risky than the benchmark. This study seeks to complete the scarce existing literature on the subject, namely in the sectors under analysis, seeking to identify the indicators that fund managers ponder most to consider a fund as efficient. As far as we know, the joint efficiency analysis of these sectors and the impact they suffered from the COVID-19 pandemic are new in the literature.
Audio–Visual Predictive Processing in the Perception of Humans and Robots
Authors: Sarigul Busra , Urgen Burcu A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecent work in cognitive science suggests that our expectations affect visual perception. With the rise of artificial agents in human life in the last few decades, one important question is whether our expectations about non-human agents such as humanoid robots affect how we perceive them. In the present study, we addressed this question in an audio–visual context. Participants reported whether a voice embedded in a noise belonged to a human or a robot. Prior to this judgment, they were presented with a human or a robot image that served as a cue and allowed them to form an expectation about the category of the voice that would follow. This cue was either congruent or incongruent with the category of the voice. Our results show that participants were faster and more accurate when the auditory target was preceded by a congruent cue than an incongruent cue. This was true regardless of the human-likeness of the robot. Overall, these results suggest that our expectations affect how we perceive non-human agents and shed light on future work in robot design.
„Weil es oft Buskinder sind“ – kulturelle Teilhabe und Jugendarbeit in peripher(isiert)en ländlichen Regionen im Spannungsfeld differenter Regionalisierungsstrategien
Authors: Grunert Cathleen , Ludwig Katja 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag fokussiert peripherisierungs- und raumtheoretisch sensibilisiert darauf, wie kulturelle Bildungsarbeit für Jugendliche in Relation zu den Bedingungen peripher(isiert)er ländlicher Regionen hervorgebracht wird. Gleichzeitig wird die Frage aufgeworfen, wie Akteur:innen kultureller Bildungsarbeit selbst Raumkonstruktionen in ländlichen Regionen mit hervorbringen. Dafür greift die zugrundeliegende empirische Studie einerseits auf Expert:inneninterviews mit Akteur:innen zurück, die in differenten Angeboten außerschulischer kultureller Bildungsarbeit mit Jugendlichen tätig sind und die zwischen eher hoch- und eher soziokulturellen Ausrichtungen kontrastieren. Andererseits kommen Perspektiven von Akteur:innen in den Blick, die auf kommunaler oder Landkreisebene für diesen Bereich (Mit‑)Verantwortung tragen und so die Rahmenbedingungen kultureller Bildungsarbeit mit hervorbringen. Die Rekonstruktionen machen deutlich, dass sich Akteur:innen kultureller Bildungsarbeit in ländlichen Regionen im Spannungsfeld räumlicher Zentralisierungs- und Dezentralisierungskonzepte bewegen. Diese erzeugen nicht nur in unterschiedlicher Weise Abhängigkeiten und Herausforderungen für das professionelle Handeln, sondern wirken sich darüber auch auf die Zugangs- und Teilhabemöglichkeiten Jugendlicher aus.
Dynamic Assessment of Spatiotemporal Population Distribution Based on Mobile Phone Data: A Case Study in Xining City, China
Authors: Wei Benyong , Su Guiwu , Liu Fenggui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHigh-resolution, dynamic assessments of the spatiotemporal distributions of populations are critical for urban planning and disaster management. Mobile phone big data have real-time collection, wide coverage, and high resolution advantages and can thus be used to characterize human activities and population distributions at fine spatiotemporal scales. Based on six days of mobile phone user-location signal (MPLS) data, we assessed the dynamic spatiotemporal distribution of the population of Xining City, Qinghai Province, China. The results show that strong temporal regularity exists in the daily activities of local residents. The spatiotemporal distribution of the local population showed a significant downtown-suburban attenuation pattern. Factors such as land use types, holidays, and seasons significantly affect the spatiotemporal patterns of the local population. By combining other spatiotemporal trajectory data, high-resolution and dynamic real-time population distribution evaluations based on mobile phone location signals could be better developed and improved for use in urban management and disaster assessment research.
Motion Planning for a Cable-Driven Lower Limb Rehabilitation Robot with Movable Distal Anchor Points
Authors: Li Jinghang , Wang Keyi , Wang Yanzhuo , Wang Chao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article introduces a cable-driven lower limb rehabilitation robot with movable distal anchor points (M-CDLR). The traditional cable-driven parallel robots (CDPRs) control the moving platform by changing the length of cables, M-CDLR can also adjust the position of the distal anchor point when the moving platform moves. The M-CDLR this article proposed has gait and single-leg training modes, which correspond to the plane and space motion of the moving platform, respectively. After introducing the system structure configuration, the generalized kinematics and dynamics of M-CDLR are established. The fully constrained CDPRs can provide more stable rehabilitation training than the under-constrained one but requires more cables. Therefore, a motion planning method for the movable distal anchor point of M-CDLR is proposed to realize the theoretically fully constrained with fewer cables. Then the expected trajectory of the moving platform is obtained from the motion capture experiment, and the motion planning of M-CDLR under two training modes is simulated. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed motion planning method. This study serves as a basic theoretical study of the structure optimization and control strategy of M-CDLR.
Study of time- and distance-dependent degradations of network RTK performance at high latitudes in Norway
Authors: Jacobsen Knut Stanley , Sokolova Nadezda , Ouassou Mohammed , Solberg Anders Martin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study we examine the performance of a network real-time kinematic (NRTK) positioning service at high latitudes ($$\approx 70^o$$

≈

70
o

N). The NRTK used is the Norwegian national positioning service “CPOS”. To test the performance, 6 geodetic quality receivers were deployed at various distances from the network receivers and used to collect positioning data for most of the year 2021. This test network is located in the night-time auroral oval region during normal conditions. Statistics are presented showing variation in performance as a function of the distance to the nearest NRTK receiver and as a function of the time-of-day. Performance is found to be significantly degraded during night-time, with approximately ten-fold increases of the occurrence of large positioning errors and significant increases in the time-to-fix. The distance from the network was also found to be a factor for significant performance degradation, with approximately ten-fold increases in the occurrence of large positioning errors when comparing results from a receiver close to the network (1.2 km) to a receiver a moderate distance away (11.5 km). The cause of the observed degradations are likely small-scale ionospheric density structures in the auroral oval region. Observational evidence of such gradients is shown.
The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence for Intelligence Analysis: a Review of the Key Challenges with Recommendations
Authors: Blanchard Alexander , Taddeo Mariarosaria 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntelligence agencies have identified artificial intelligence (AI) as a key technology for maintaining an edge over adversaries. As a result, efforts to develop, acquire, and employ AI capabilities for purposes of national security are growing. This article reviews the ethical challenges presented by the use of AI for augmented intelligence analysis. These challenges have been identified through a qualitative systematic review of the relevant literature. The article identifies five sets of ethical challenges relating to intrusion, explainability and accountability, bias, authoritarianism and political security, and collaboration and classification, and offers a series of recommendations targeted at intelligence agencies to address and mitigate these challenges.
Diagnostic stewardship for Clostridioides difficile testing in an acute care hospital: A quality improvement intervention
Authors: Berg Madeline L. , Ayres Ashley M. , Weber David R. , McCullough Melissa , Crall Victoria D. , Lewis Casey L. , Valek Abby L. , Vincent Lizabeth A. , Penzelik Joseph , Sasinoski Crystal A. , Cheng Amanda L. , Bradford Claire F. , Bell Elizabeth O. , Edwards Kimberly M. , Castronova Isabella A. , Brady Mya B. , Slaughter Julie , Oleksiuk Louise-Marie , Snyder Graham M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the impact of a diagnostic stewardship intervention on Clostridioides difficile healthcare-associated infections (HAI).

Design:
Quality improvement study.

Setting:
Two urban acute care hospitals.

Interventions:
All inpatient stool testing for C. difficile required review and approval prior to specimen processing in the laboratory. An infection preventionist reviewed all orders daily through chart review and conversations with nursing; orders meeting clinical criteria for testing were approved, orders not meeting clinical criteria were discussed with the ordering provider. The proportion of completed tests meeting clinical criteria for testing and the primary outcome of C. difficile HAI were compared before and after the intervention.

Results:
The frequency of completed C. difficile orders not meeting criteria was lower [146 (7.5%) of 1,958] in the intervention period (January 10, 2022–October 14, 2022) than in the sampled 3-month preintervention period [26 (21.0%) of 124; P < .001]. C. difficile HAI rates were 8.80 per 10,000 patient days prior to the intervention (March 1, 2021–January 9, 2022) and 7.69 per 10,000 patient days during the intervention period (incidence rate ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.73–1.05; P = .13).

Conclusions:
A stringent order-approval process reduced clinically nonindicated testing for C. difficile but did not significantly decrease HAIs.
Addressing the underdiagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia: A mixed methods study exploring the knowledge and practice behaviors of cardiology healthcare providers
Authors: Kalia Isha , Shope Ronald , Reilly Muredach , Schwartz Lisa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background:
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is vastly underdiagnosed and causes an increased risk for sudden cardiac death. Cardiology providers (CHCPs) are in an ideal position to care for FH patients. This research aimed to understand the practice behaviors of CHCPs in the screening, diagnosis, and management of FH.

Methods:
Adaptation of an existing FH knowledge tool guided survey development. The results of the quantitative survey guided development of the interview protocol. CHCPs were recruited in the Division of Cardiology at Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC). A review of the educational materials offered by the Division of Cardiology was conducted to identify FH knowledge domains presented.

Results:
CHCPs with MDs, at CUIMC for 6–10 years, in clinical practice for 1–5 years, and in inpatient services had the highest average total knowledge scores. CHCPs with RNs, at CUIMC for less than 1 year, in clinical practice for 6–10 years, and in Cath Lab had the lowest average knowledge scores. Four themes emerged – variability in FH care; issues related to addressing FH at institutional, practice setting, and individual levels; importance of identifying FH early; and intervention approaches to overcome barriers to caring for FH patients in cardiology. CHCPs with MDs or with experiential FH knowledge described FH care beyond screening. The document review revealed that only MDs were provided lectures pertaining to FH.

Conclusions:
Future interventions should increase didactic and experiential FH knowledge incorporating institutional, local, and national FH resources. Improving FH care can reduce FH-related morbidity and mortality, as well as improve FH health outcomes.
Wall-pressure fluctuations in an axisymmetric boundary layer under strong adverse pressure gradient
Authors: Balantrapu N. Agastya , Alexander W. Nathan , Devenport William 
Published: April 2023

Measurements of fluctuating wall pressure in a high-Reynolds-number flow over a body of revolution are described. With a strong axial pressure gradient and moderate lateral curvature, this non-equilibrium flow is relevant to marine applications as well as short-haul urban transportation. The wall-pressure spectrum and its scaling are discussed, along with its relation to the space–time structure. As the flow decelerates downstream, the root-mean-square level of the pressure drops together with the wall shear stress (

$\tau _w$

) and is consistently approximately 7

$\tau _w$

. While the associated dimensional spectra see a broadband reduction of over 15 dB per Hz, they appear to attain a single functional form, collapsing to within 2 dB when normalized with the wall-wake scaling where

$\tau _w$

is the pressure scale and

$U_e/\delta$

is the frequency scale. Here,

$\delta$

is the boundary layer thickness and

$U_e$

is the local free-stream velocity. The general success of the wall-wake scaling, including in the viscous

$f^{-5}$

region, suggests that the large-scale motions in the outer layer play a predominant role in the near-wall turbulence and wall pressure. On investigating further, we find that the instantaneous wall-pressure fluctuations are characterized by a quasi-periodic feature that appears to convect downstream at speeds consistent with the outer peak in the turbulence stresses. The conditional structure of this feature, estimated through peak detection in the time series, resembles that of a roller, supporting the embedded shear layer hypothesis (Schatzman & Thomas, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 815, 2017, pp. 592–642; Balantrapu et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 929, 2021, A9). Therefore, the outer-region shear-layer-type motions may be important when devising strategies for flow control, drag and noise reduction for decelerating boundary layers.
Micro-CT analysis of Katian radiolarians from the Malongulli Formation, New South Wales, Australia, and implications for skeletogenesis
Authors: Perera Siyumini , Aitchison Jonathan C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA diverse and well-preserved radiolarian assemblage from the Malongulli Formation, New South Wales, Australia, contains 13 species representing 10 genera and six families. One new genus, Wiradjuri, is introduced to accommodate pre-Devonian single-shelled entactiniid taxa, and one new species, Secuicollacta malongulliensis, is recorded together with some previously described forms. The microstructures of the “rotasphaerid structure/primary unit” and the “ectopic spicule” are investigated to validate their roles as fundamental units in the Secuicollactidae, together with comprehensive documentation of the previously enigmatic Pseudorotasphaera internal skeleton.The results of this investigation suggest that, among all radiolarian genera that survived the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction event (LOME) and transitioned into the Silurian, Secuicollacta, Haplotaeniatum, and Palaeoephippium maintained stable body plans during the transition and were more successfully established. The selective advantages these lineages had during the LOME were most likely spontaneous outcomes of the mode of structural development involving sequential skeletogenesis and a tendency to evolve toward simpler body plans.UUID: http://zoobank.org/264c026f-35af-4025-a4f7-de8f9a91f8b9
Polynomial stability of a piezoelectric beam with magnetic effect and a boundary dissipation of the fractional derivative type
Authors: Poblete Verónica , Toledo Fernando , Vera Octavio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis work studies the asymptotic behavior of a waves coupled system with a boundary dissipation of the fractional derivative type. We prove well-posedness and polynomial stability based on the semigroup approach, the energy method, and the result of stability.
Mukaddesatçılık: A Cold War Ideology of Muslim Turkish Ressentiment
Authors: Köseoğlu Talha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces mukaddesatçılık as a Cold War ideological position that reconciles Turkish nationalism, religious conservatism, and Islamist revivalism. Mukaddesatçılık channels senses of disempowerment and alienation among people with Islamic and nationalistic sensibilities to a sense of ressentiment against the Turkish modernization process. The paper analyzes mukaddesatçılık's ideational and emotional components based on the writings of Necip Fazıl Kısakürek. In addition to being the name-father of the concept, Kısakürek was distinguished from other Islam-inspired conservative intellectuals by his appeal to popular mobilization around mukaddesatçı ideology through his eloquent and powerful speeches and poems. The paper argues that Kısakürek's mukaddesatçılık reconstructed Muslimness as the political identity of the popular masses, who are the supposed victims of the Turkish modernization process, to mobilize them against the so-called Western-minded modernizing elite. Mukaddesatçılık informs the current populist policies of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's government that seek to maintain the divisive polarization between religious and secular identities.