bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Kurt Schneider Really Said and What the DSM Has Made of it in Its Different Editions: A Plea to Redefine Hallucinations in Schizophrenia
Authors: Moritz Steffen , Gawęda Łukasz , Carpenter William T , Aleksandrowicz Adrianna , Borgmann Lisa , Gallinat Jürgen , Fuchs Thomas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Kurt Schneider has played a leading role in shaping our current view of schizophrenia, placing certain manifestations of delusions and hallucinations at the center of the disorder, especially ideas of persecution and voice-hearing. The first part of this review summarizes Schneider’s original ideas and then traces how the different editions of the DSM merged aspects of Kraepelin’s, Bleuler’s, and Schneider’s historical concepts. Special attention is given to the transition from the DSM-IV to the DSM-5, which eliminated much of Schneider’s original concept. In the second part of the article, we contrast the current definition of hallucination in the DSM-5 with that of Schneider. We present empirically derived arguments that favor a redefinition of hallucinations, much in accordance with Schneider’s original ideas. We plea for a two-dimensional model of hallucinations that represents the degree of insight and perceptuality, ranging from thoughts with full “mineness” via perception-laden thoughts and intrusions (including “as if” experiences”) to hallucinations. While we concur with the DSM-5 that cognitions that are indistinguishable from perceptions should be labeled as hallucinations, we suggest expanding the definition to internally generated sensory phenomena, including those with only partial resemblance to external perceptions, that the individual considers real and that may lie at the heart of a subsequent delusional superstructure.
Relationships between root exudation and root morphological and architectural traits vary with growing season
Authors: Gao Yuqiu , Wang Huimin , Yang Fengting , Dai Xiaoqin , Meng Shengwang , Hu Mingyuan , Kou Liang , Fu Xiaoli 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Plants allocate a substantial amount of C belowground for root exudates and for the construction and adjustment of root morphological and architectural traits. What relationships exist between root exudates and other root traits and these relationships change with growing season, however, remain unclear. We quantified the root exudation rate and root morphological traits, including total root length (RL), total root surface area (RS), root diameter (RD), specific root length (SRL), specific root area (SRA) and root tissue density (RTD), and architectural traits, such as branching intensity (BI), and investigated their associations during the rapidly growing season (April and August) and the slowly growing season (December) of three common native tree species, Liquidambar formosana, Michelia maudiae and Schima superba, in subtropical China. We found that the linkages of RD, SRL, SRA, RTD and BI did not change with the growing season, reflecting their highly conservative relationships. The root exudation rate varied significantly with growing season (P &lt; 0.05) and produced various associations with other root traits at different growing seasons. During the rapidly growing season (i.e., April), the exudation rate was the highest and was positively correlated with RL. The exudation rate was the lowest during the slowly growing season (i.e., December) and was negatively associated with RL, RS and RTD. Our findings demonstrate the seasonality of the linkages of root exudation rate with other root traits, which highlights the highly plastic and complex associations of belowground root traits. These findings help to deepen our understanding of plant nutrient acquisition strategies.
Employment Effects of Incentivized Gradual Retirement Plans
Authors: Rutten Albert , Knoef Marike , van Vuuren Daniël 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We investigate the effect of Incentivized Gradual Retirement plans (GRPs) on employment. GRPs encourage later retirement of older workers by offering a reduction in working hours with only a limited decrease in net earnings and pension accrual. A second policy aim is that municipalities use this freed up capacity to hire more young employees. We exploit variation in the availability of GRPs between Dutch municipalities to identify its employment effects. We find that GRPs increase labor supply for older civil servants by almost 7 full-time weeks on a yearly basis. We do not find an increase in the hiring of young workers.
PYR‐41, an inhibitor of ubiquitin‐activating enzyme E1, attenuates 2,4‐dinitrochlorobenzene‐induced atopic dermatitis‐like skin lesions in mice
Authors: Yang Lian , Zhang Qing , Yang Yili , Wang Qun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPYR‐41 is an irreversible and cell permeable inhibitor of ubiquitin‐activating enzyme E1, and has been reported to inhibit the degradation of IκB protein. Previous studies have shown that PYR‐41 has effects on anti‐inflammatory, but whether it has therapeutic effects on allergic dermatitis is unclear. The aim of this research was to explore the therapeutic effects of PYR‐41 on atopic dermatitis. The effects of PYR‐41 on the activation of NF‐κB signaling pathway and the expression of inflammatory genes in HaCat cells were tested by western blot and qPCR. A mouse model was built, and the AD‐like skin lesions were induced by 2,4‐dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Then, the treatment effects of PYR‐41 were examined by skin severity score, ear swelling, ELISA, and qPCR. The results showed that PYR‐41 can significantly reduce the K63‐linked ubiquitination level of nuclear factor‐κB essential modulator (NEMO) and tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), inhibit the proteasomal degradation of IκBα, thereby activate TNF‐α‐induced NF‐κB signaling pathway in HaCat cells. In addition, DNCB‐treated mice have significant reduction in symptoms after treated by PYR‐41, including reduced ear thickening and reduced skin damage. Serum tests showed that PYR‐41 significantly reduced the expression of IgE, IFN‐γ, and TNF‐α. In conclusion, the current results suggest that PYR‐41 has potential to reduce the symptoms of atopic dermatitis.
Growth differentiation factor myostatin regulates epithelial‐mesenchymal transition genes and enhances invasion by increasing serine protease inhibitors E1 and E2 in human trophoblast cells
Authors: AbdelHafez Faten F. , Klausen Christian , Zhu Hua , Yi Yuyin , Leung Peter C. K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPlacental insufficiency disorders, including preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, are major obstetric complications that can have devastating effects on both the mother and the fetus. These syndromes have underlying poor placental trophoblast cell invasion into uterine tissues. Placental invasion is controlled by many hormones and growth factors. Myostatin (MSTN) is a transforming growth factor‐β superfamily member recognized for its important role in muscle growth control. MSTN has also been shown to be secreted and functioning in the placenta, and its serum and/or placental levels were found to be upregulated in preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Considering that the mechanistic role of MSTN in placentation remains poorly understood, we hypothesized that MSTN uses ALK4/5‐SMAD2/3/4 signaling to increase human trophoblast invasion through a group of epithelial–mesenchymal transition genes including SERPINE2, PAI‐1, and SOX4. mRNA sequencing of control and MSTN‐treated primary human trophoblast cells (n = 5) yielded a total of 610 differentially expressed genes (false discovery rate <0.05) of which 380 genes were upregulated and 230 were downregulated. These differentially expressed genes were highly enriched in epithelial–mesenchymal transition genes, and a subset including SERPINE2, PAI‐1, and SOX4 was investigated for its role in MSTN‐induced trophoblast cell invasion. We found that MSTN induced upregulation of SERPINE2 via ALK4/5‐SMAD2/3/4 signaling; however, SMAD2 was not involved in MSTN‐induced PAI‐1 upregulation. SOX4 was involved in MSTN‐induced upregulation of SERPINE2, but not PAI‐1. Collectively, this study discovers novel molecular mechanisms of MSTN‐induced human trophoblast cell invasion and provides insight into the functional consequences of its dysregulation in placental insufficiency disorders.
PDK4 facilitates fibroblast functions and diabetic wound healing through regulation of HIF‐1α protein stability and gene expression
Authors: Ma Zhouji , Mo Ran , Yang Ping , Ding Youjun , Zhang Hao , Dong Zheng , Chen Yutong , Tan Qian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFibroblast activation disorder is one of the main pathogenic characteristics of diabetic wounds. Orchestrated fibroblast functions and myofibroblast differentiation are crucial for wound contracture and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), a key enzyme regulating energy metabolism, has been implicated in modulating fibroblast function, but its specific role in diabetic wounds remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the impact of PDK4 on diabetic wounds and its underlying mechanisms. To assess the effect of PDK4 on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), we conducted CCK‐8, EdU proliferation assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay, flow cytometry, and western blot analyses. Metabolic shifts were analyzed using the Seahorse XF analyzer, while changes in metabolite expression were measured through LC–MS. Local recombinant PDK4 administration was implemented to evaluate its influence on wound healing in diabetic mice. Finally, we found that sufficient PDK4 expression is essential for a normal wound‐healing process, while PDK4 is low expressed in diabetic wound tissues and fibroblasts. PDK4 promotes proliferation, migration, and myofibroblast differentiation of HDFs and accelerates wound healing in diabetic mice. Mechanistically, PDK4‐induced metabolic reprogramming increases the level of succinate that inhibits PHD2 enzyme activity, thus leading to the stability of the HIF‐1α protein, during which process the elevated HIF‐1α mRNA by PDK4 is also indispensable. In conclusion, PDK4 promotes fibroblast functions through regulation of HIF‐1α protein stability and gene expression. Local recombinant PDK4 administration accelerates wound healing in diabetic mice.
The Model for End-stage Liver Disease 3.0 is not superior to the Model for End-stage Liver Disease-Na in predicting survival: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Duan Fangfang , Liu Chen , Zhai Hang , Quan Min , Cheng Jun , Yang Song 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) 3.0 yields high prognostic performance for patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD). However, its prognostic performance for patients with alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) has limited results. The aim of this study was to perform such an evaluation among Chinese patients.

Methods:
Patients hospitalized with ARLD in one institution between 2015 and 2018 were retrospectively included and followed up for 12 months. The original MELD, MELD-Na, MELD 3.0, and modified Maddrey discriminant function (MDF) scores were calculated for each patient at baseline. Their prognostic performances for 1-year survival were assessed. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed, and AUCs were calculated for each scoring system.

Results:
Among the 576 patients included in our analysis, 209 patients had alcoholic hepatitis (AH). By the 1-year follow-up, 14.8% (84/567) of all the patients and 23.4% (49/209) of those with AH had died. Overall, patients who had died had higher MELD, MELD-Na, MELD 3.0, and MDF scores (all p < 0.001) than those who had not. The same was true in the AH subgroup (MELD: p < 0.001, MELD-Na: p < 0.001, MELD 3.0: p = 0.007, MDF: p = 0.017). The AUC of the MELD 3.0 for prediction of 1-year survival among patients with ARLD was 0.682, lower than that of the original MELD (0.728, p < 0.001) and MELD-Na (0.735, p < 0.001). Moreover, in the AH subgroup, the AUC for the prediction of 1-year survival was lower than that in the MELD-Na subgroup (0.634 vs. 0.708, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The MELD 3.0 was not superior to the original MELD or the MELD-Na in predicting the mortality of patients with ARLD.
Association of Continuous Glucose Monitor Receipt and Diabetes Care Provider Type
Authors: Gaulke Amanda P. , Giordano Jennifer , Grossman Daniel S. 
Published: September 2023

Objective:
To compare the prevalence of West Virginia Medicaid (WVM) beneficiaries with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with a WVM administrative claim for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) supplies by whether they received medical care from a board-certified endocrinologist.

Methods:
A total of 1494 WVM beneficiaries aged 20–64 with T1D were retrospectively followed from May 2018 to April 2020. The sample consisted of 2 groups: those receiving medical care from board-certified endocrinologists and those receiving medical care from other providers. CGM prevalence is compared before and after WVM started providing insurance coverage for beneficiaries with T1D to use CGM systems in May 2019 using linear regression with and without adjustments for patient characteristics.

Results:
Thirty-five percent of beneficiaries received care from a board-certified endocrinologist at any point during the sample period. Post–May 2019, the prevalence of WVM administrative claims for CGM supplies was significantly higher among beneficiaries receiving care from an endocrinologist compared with other providers.

Conclusions:
Receiving diabetes care from a board-certified endocrinologist is positively associated with having administrative claims for CGM supplies.
The Head Control Scale: Responsiveness and Concurrent Validity With the Alberta Infant Motor Scale
Authors: Thomas Jodi , Rosen Elaine , Dumas Helene 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the Head Control Scale's (HCS's) responsiveness and concurrent validity with the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS).

Methods:
The HCS and the AIMS were administered to 50 infants and young children. Thirty children were reevaluated at hospital discharge or at 18 months of age.

Results:
A statistically significant positive change was noted in mean score from the initial HCS assessment to the second assessment for total score and all position scores. Concurrent validity between HCS and AIMS total scores was excellent.

Conclusion:
Responsiveness to changes in head control and concurrent validity with the AIMS were established, supporting HCS use in clinical practice.
Risk Factors for Missed Appointments at a Multisite Academic Urban Urogynecology Practice
Authors: Miranne Jeannine M. , Courtepatte Alexa , Schatzman-Bone Stephanie , Minassian Vatche A. 
Published: September 2023

Importance
Missed appointments lead to decreased clinical productivity and poor health outcomes.

Objectives
The objectives of this study were to describe sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients who miss urogynecology appointments and identify risk factors for missed appointments.

Study Design
We conducted an institutional review board–approved case-control study of women 18 years or older scheduled for a urogynecology appointment at 1 of 4 sites associated with an urban academic tertiary care center over 4 months. Patients were included in the missed appointment group if they canceled their appointments the same day or did not show up for them. For comparison, we included a control group consisting of patients immediately preceding or following the ones who missed their appointments with the same visit type. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for missed appointments.

Results
Four hundred twenty-six women were included: 213 in the missed appointment group and 213 in the control group. Women who missed appointments were younger (60 years [interquartile range (IQR), 47–72 years] vs 69 years [IQR, 59–78 years], P < 0.0001). More women in the missed appointment group were Hispanic (24.4% vs 13.1%) and non-Hispanic Black (7.5% vs 3.8%, P = 0.009), had Medicaid (17.4% vs 6.57%, P = 0.0006), missed previous appointments (24.9% vs 11.7% P = 0.0005), waited longer for appointments (39 days [IQR, 23.5–55.5 days] vs 30.5 days [IQR, 12.8–47.0 days], P = 0.002), and made appointments for urinary incontinence (44.1% vs 26.8%, P = 0.0002). On multivariate logistic regression, women with Medicaid had significantly higher odds of missing appointments (adjusted OR, 2.11 [1.04–4.48], P = 0.044).

Conclusions
Women with Medicaid were more likely to miss urogynecology appointments. Further research is needed to address barriers this group faces when accessing care.
Single-cell mitochondrial variant enrichment resolved clonal tracking and spatial architecture in human embryonic hematopoiesis
Authors: Xue Yan , Chao Yiming , Lin Xinyi , Huang Yuanhua , Ho Joshua WK , Sugimura Ryohichi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe ability to perform lineage tracing at the single-cell level is critical to reconstructing dynamic transitions during cell differentiation. However, prospective tracing approaches inevitably encounter outstanding challenges including barcoding precision, barcode diversity, and detection efficiency, which can skew inferred lineage relationships. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) even face risks of DNA-damage-induced toxicity-related cell death. We explored the use of naturally occurring somatic mutations in mitochondrial transcripts detected in single-cell RNA-seq as genetic lineage barcodes in HPSC. In this study, we used an enrichment of scRNA-seq mitochondrial reads and a robust computational method to identify clonally relevant mitochondrial variants as endogenous genetic barcodes for clonal tracking of early embryonic hematopoiesis from hPSC. We modeled the development of embryonic tissues from hPSCs and delineated the ontogeny of hematopoietic cells by mitochondrial variant lineage tracing. We identified multiple waves of erythropoiesis in time-series scRNA-seq data. We further applied mitochondrial variant lineage tracing to spatial transcriptomics and identified the clonal development of both erythro-myeloid progenitors and their niche cells. Our study highlights the power of mitochondrial variants as an endogenous marker for clonal tracking in modeling human development from stem cells.
Tunable PhenoCycler Imaging of the Murine Pre-Clinical Tumour Microenvironments
Authors: Abraham Madelyn J. , Goncalves Christophe , McCallum Paige , Gupta Vrinda , Preston Samuel E. J. , Huang Fan , Chou Hsiang , Gagnon Natascha , Johnson Nathalie A. , Miller Wilson H. , Mann Koren K. , del Rincon Sonia V. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe tumour microenvironment (TME) consists of tumour-supportive immune cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. PhenoCycler, a high-plex single cell imaging platform, is used to characterize the complexity of the TME. Here, we used PhenoCycler to spatially resolve the TME of 8 routinely employed pre-clinical models of lymphoma, breast cancer, and melanoma. Our data reveal distinct TMEs in the different cancer models that were imaged, and show that cell-cell contacts differ depending on the tumour type examined. For instance, we found that the immune infiltration in a murine model of melanoma is altered in cellular organization in melanomas that become resistant to αPD-1 therapy, with depletions in a number of cell-cell interactions. Furthermore, we provide detailed pipelines for the conjugation of antibodies that are optimized for PhenoCycler staining of murine FFPE tissues specifically, alongside open-source data analysis procedures. Overall, this is a valuable resource study seamlessly adaptable to any field of research involving murine models.
Protein Kinase A Inhibition Epigenetically SilencesRen1
Authors: Smith Jason P. , Paxton Robert , Medrano Silvia , Sheffield Nathan C. , Sequeira-Lopez Maria Luisa S. , Gomez R. Ariel 
Published: September 2023

RationaleRenin-expressing cells are myoendocrine cells crucial for survival which detect changes in blood pressure and release renin to maintain homeostasis. One of the pathways responsible for renin expression includes cAMP as a crucial factor. cAMP binds to subunits of protein kinase A (PKA), ultimately recruiting both CBP and p300. Binding to the cAMP-responsive element in the renin enhancer region thus amplifies renin transcription.ObjectiveTo evaluate transcriptomic and epigenomic changes occurring at the renin locus via cAMP pathway inhibition.Methods and ResultsWe treated As4.1 cells (a tumoral cell line that constitutively expresses renin) with the PKA inhibitor H89 (treated) or DMSO (control). We then performed independent ATAC-seq, scRNA-seq, and ChIP-seq for H3K27Ac and P300 binding on biological replicates of treated and control As4.1 cells.Ren1expression is significantly reduced following PKA inhibition with a corresponding loss in H3K27Ac and P300 binding at the locus. A restricted set of nine genes with overlapping dynamically accessible regions, differential gene expression, and H3K27Ac and P300 binding were identified with roles among three primary renin regulatory paradigms.ConclusionsThe data suggests that cAMP pathway inhibition controls renin expression through a reduction not in accessibility alone, but via a switch from an active to poised state of epigenetic control, a shift towards a less differentiated cellular identity, and the disruption of not only cAMP, but baroreceptor and Notch mediated renin regulatory pathways.
Reducing individual differences in task fMRI with OGRE (One-step General Registration and Extraction) preprocessing
Authors: McAvoy Mark P. , Liu Lei , Zhou Ruiwen , Philip Benjamin A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVolumetric analysis methods continue to enjoy great popularity in the analysis of task-related functional MRI (fMRI) data. Among these methods, the software package FSL (FMRIB, Oxford, UK) is omnipresent throughout the field. However, it remains unknown what advantages might be gained by integrating FSL with alternative preprocessing tools. Here we developed the One-step General Registration and Extraction (OGRE) pipeline to apply FreeSurfer brain extraction for simultaneous registration and motion correction (“one-step resampling”), for FSL volumetric analysis of fMRI data. We compared three preprocessing approaches (OGRE, FSL, and fMRIPrep) in a dataset wherein adult human volunteers (N=39) performed a precision drawing task during fMRI scanning. The three approaches produced grossly similar results, but OGRE’s preprocessing led to lower inter-individual variability across the brain and greater detected activation in primary motor cortex contralateral to movement. This demonstrates that FreeSurfer tools and one-step resampling can improve FSL’s volumetric analysis of fMRI data. The OGRE pipeline provides an off-the-shelf method to apply FreeSurfer-based brain extraction and one-step resampling of motion correction and registration for FSL analysis of task fMRI data.