bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the flash sintering behavior of Li:ZnO—Evidence of electrode asymmetry driven by electrochemical reactions
Authors: Parameswaran Anand Mohan , Amal Kaitheri Nanda Kumar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe synthesis, subsequent flash sintering (FS) characteristics and microstructures of pure and Li‐incorporated ZnO powders are reported. At low concentrations, Li is a substitutional occupant in ZnO but becomes an amphoteric dopant (substitutional and interstitial occupant) at higher concentrations inferred from a contraction reversal of the unit cell volume. Increasing Li reduces the average flash temperature of ZnO modestly by 15°C, and a doubling of the linear shrinkage. A discernible color smear (yellow–white–dark) stretching from the anode to cathode imputable to strong electromigration is also observed. Microanalyses of the electrode regions establish clear evidence of electrochemical (EC) lithiation into ZnO and the formation of Li–Zn compounds not observed in conventional sintering (CS). Interestingly, in contrast to CS, the addition of Li enhances coarsening during FS, suggestive of a dissolution–reprecipitation process concurrent with the EC lithiation process. Evidence for considerable (local) yet tangible temperature, chemical and microstructural asymmetry among electrodes driven by EC reactions is presented. Probable mechanisms, leading to these observations, are discussed.
Effect of BN content on the structural, mechanical, and dielectric properties of PDCs‐SiCN(BN) composite ceramics
Authors: Yan Yuangao , Fei Xuan , Huang Liuying , Yu Yuxi , Wen Yichen , Zhao Gang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) with low dielectric loss and high temperature resistance opens up new opportunities for the preparation of polymer‐derived SiCN ceramics (PDCs‐SiCN ceramics) with excellent mechanical and dielectric properties. BN‐containing polymer‐derived SiCN composite ceramics (PDCs‐SiCN(BN) composite ceramics) with different BN content were prepared via a pyrolysis process of ball‐milling‐blended Polyvinylsilazane/boron nitride (PVSZ/BN) precursors. BN is stably embedded in the SiCN tissue and tightly bound with it. The appropriate content of BN greatly improves the mechanical properties of PDCs‐SiCN ceramics, as BN reduces the number of pores and prevents crack expansion. Additionally, BN is also beneficial in lowering the dielectric loss of PDCs‐SiCN ceramics because of the weakened polarization relaxation behavior. PDCs‐SiCN (BN) composite ceramics have optimal mechanical and dielectric properties when the BN content is 1 wt%. The flexural strength, flexural modulus and compression strength of PDCs‐SiCN(BN) composite ceramics with 1 wt% BN doping content were 189.37 MPa, 46.38 GPa, and 399.02 MPa, respectively. Its average dielectric loss (tanδε) at 12.4‐18 GHz is 0.0049.
Systematic review of exosome treatment in hair restoration: Preliminary evidence, safety, and future directions
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Wang Tong , Rapaport Jeffrey A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundExosomes are small extracellular vesicles with potential roles in modulating the hair growth cycle and are an emerging therapy for patients with alopecia. In recent years, researchers have made significant progress in deciphering the network of cellular interactions and signaling pathways mediated by the transfer of exosomes. This has opened the door to a wide range of potential therapeutic applications with an increasing focus on its application in precision medicine.AimTo evaluate current published evidence, both preclinical and clinical, on the use of exosomes for hair restoration.MethodsIn January 2023, a systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Records were identified, screened, and assessed for eligibility as per the PRISMA guideline.ResultsWe identified 16 studies (15 preclinical and 1 clinical) showing varying degrees of efficacy using exosomes derived from sources including adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) and dermal papilla cells (DPCs). Applications of exosomes isolated from ADSCs (ADSC‐Exo) and DPCs have shown early promising results in preclinical studies corroborated by results obtained from different model systems. Topical ADSC‐Exo has been tried successfully in 39 androgenetic alopecia patients demonstrating significant increases in hair density and thickness. No significant adverse reactions associated with exosome treatment have been reported thus far.ConclusionsAlthough current clinical evidence supporting the use of exosome treatment is limited, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting its therapeutic potential. Further studies are warranted to define its mechanism of action, optimize its delivery and efficacy, and to address important safety concerns.
Acupuncture techniques and acupoints used in individuals under chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatment of cancer: A systematic review
Authors: de Sousa Tatiane Regina , Mattos Suzana , Marcon Giovanna , Furtado Thayná , Duarte da silva Morgana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo describe the main acupuncture techniques and parameters that have been used in the most varied symptoms of different types of cancer.BackgroundClinical evidence about the potential effectiveness of acupuncture and related therapies to control signs and symptoms associated with cancer or its treatment has been in several studies. Currently, there is already evidence of the use of acupuncture for the treatment of nausea and vomiting, fatigue, dry mouth, anxiety, depression, insomnia and pain. However, many studies lack firm rights or reproducible guidelines for treatment.DesignThis study performs a systematic review of clinical trials related to the topic, based on the PRISMA protocol. Thus, a search was carried out in the Scopus, Pubmed and Web of Science databases, covering studies since January 2007.MethodsStructured and organised according to PICO standards, using keywords (“cancer” OR “malignant tumour” OR “chemotherapy” OR “radiotherapy”) AND (“acupuncture” OR “electroacupuncture”) AND (“pain” OR “nausea” OR “vomit” OR “fatigue” OR “xerostomia” OR “insomnia” OR “depression” OR “neuropathy”).ResultsAfter the selection and evaluation phase, 23 studies were included and analysed.ConclusionBased on this analysis, it is concluded that acupuncture is safe and there is evidence of the reduction of gastrointestinal symptoms, chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy, pain, dry mouth, fatigue, insomnia, and improvement of cognitive capacity.Relevance to clinical practiceAcupuncture treatments could act by minimising the side effects of conventional treatments and reducing symptoms induced by tumours.No Patient or Public ContributionThe patients had no direct involvement with the study in question.
Linking video chatting, phone calling, text messaging, and social media with peers to adolescent connectedness
Authors: Garrett Shedrick L. , Burnell Kaitlyn , Armstrong‐Carter Emma L. , Prinstein Mitchell J. , Telzer Eva H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFor 14 days three times per day (6072 observations), adolescents (N = 207, Mage = 15.45 years) reported their digital (i.e., video chatting, texting, social media, and phone calling) communication with peers and their social connectedness. Controlling for in‐person interactions, adolescents felt more connected in hours when they had communicated with peers by video chatting, texting, or social media, but not phone calling. Girls communicated with peers via text and social media more than boys, and boys talked on the phone more than girls. Boys who talked, texted, or video chatted more on average reported higher connectedness on average, whereas girls did not. As the links with connectedness were only found at the hourly‐ and not the daily level, results highlight that a sense of connectedness from digital media may be fleeting in nature.
Dimensions of food texture: A conceptual discussion
Authors: Rosenthal Andrew , Chen Jianshe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFood texture is a collective term for all texture‐related features of a food product. A comprehensive description of food texture is therefore practically challenging due to too many parameters that are associated simultaneously with the food. Using every day, non‐technical (layman's) language, we attempt in this work to rationalize the different dimensions that contribute to the texture of foods, and we explain the rheological reasons behind the concept. For solid foods, three dimensions are identified being the “hard–soft,” “strong–weak,” and “brittle–plastic.” For liquid foods, three further dimensions are suggested, being “elastic–viscous,” “thick–thin,” and “shear thinning–shear thickening.” As these dimensions are bipolar, for foods where any of the dimensions are not relevant, we conceive that dimension takes on a zero value, aligning at the center of the scale.
The Medicago truncatula nodule‐specific cysteine‐rich peptides, NCR343 and NCR‐new35 are required for the maintenance of rhizobia in nitrogen‐fixing nodules
Authors: Horváth Beatrix , Güngör Berivan , Tóth Mónika , Domonkos Ágota , Ayaydin Ferhan , Saifi Farheen , Chen Yuhui , Biró János Barnabás , Bourge Mickael , Szabó Zoltán , Tóth Zoltán , Chen Rujin , Kaló Péter 
Published: June 2023

Summary

In the nodules of IRLC legumes, including Medicago truncatula, nitrogen‐fixing rhizobia undergo terminal differentiation resulting in elongated and endoreduplicated bacteroids specialized for nitrogen fixation. This irreversible transition of rhizobia is mediated by host produced nodule‐specific cysteine‐rich (NCR) peptides, of which c. 700 are encoded in the M. truncatula genome but only few of them have been proved to be essential for nitrogen fixation.

We carried out the characterization of the nodulation phenotype of three ineffective nitrogen‐fixing M. truncatula mutants using confocal and electron microscopy, monitored the expression of defence and senescence‐related marker genes, and analysed the bacteroid differentiation with flow cytometry. Genetic mapping combined with microarray‐ or transcriptome‐based cloning was used to identify the impaired genes.

Mtsym19 and Mtsym20 mutants are defective in the same peptide NCR‐new35 and the lack of NCR343 is responsible for the ineffective symbiosis of NF‐FN9363. We found that the expression of NCR‐new35 is significantly lower and limited to the transition zone of the nodule compared with other crucial NCRs. The fluorescent protein‐tagged version of NCR343 and NCR‐new35 localized to the symbiotic compartment.

Our discovery added two additional members to the group of NCR genes essential for nitrogen‐fixing symbiosis in M. truncatula.
An inducible CRISPR‐Kill system for temporally controlled cell type‐specific cell ablation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Gehrke Fabienne , Ruiz‐Duarte Paola , Schindele Angelina , Wolf Sebastian , Puchta Holger 
Published: June 2023

Summary

The application of the CRISPR/Cas system as a biotechnological tool for genome editing has revolutionized plant biology. Recently, the repertoire was expanded by CRISPR‐Kill, enabling CRISPR/Cas‐mediated tissue engineering through genome elimination by tissue‐specific expression.

Using the Cas9 nuclease from Staphylococcus aureus (SaCas9), CRISPR‐Kill relies on the induction of multiple double‐strand breaks (DSBs) in conserved repetitive genome regions, such as the rDNA, causing cell death of the targeted cells. Here, we show that in addition to spatial control by tissue‐specific expression, temporal control of CRISPR‐mediated cell death is feasible in Arabidopsis thaliana.

We established a chemically inducible tissue‐specific CRISPR‐Kill system that allows the simultaneous detection of targeted cells by fluorescence markers. As proof of concept, we were able to eliminate lateral roots and ablate root stem cells. Moreover, using a multi-tissue promoter, we induced targeted cell death at defined time points in different organs at select developmental stages.

Thus, using this system makes it possible to gain new insights into the developmental plasticity of certain cell types. In addition to enabling tissue engineering in plants, our system provides an invaluable tool to study the response of developing plant tissue to cell elimination through positional signaling and cell‐to‐cell communication.
Curcumin relieves arecoline‐induced oral submucous fibrosis via inhibiting the LTBP2/NF‐κB axis
Authors: Zhang Lin , Tan Jin , Liu Yiping , Luo Mang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSubmucosal fibrosis (OSF) of the oral cavity is a chronic scarring disease. Arecoline (Are) is the driving factor for the occurrence and deterioration of OSF. Curcumin plays a vital anti‐inflammatory role in Are‐induced OSF development. However, its potential pharmacological mechanism needs to be elucidated.MethodsThe relative molecular level was measured via qRT‐PCR or Western blot. MTT assay, transwell assay and flow cytometry detected cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. The correlation between hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and LTBP2 promoter was confirmed through dual‐luciferase reporter assay. ELISA was performed to detect inflammatory cytokines levels.ResultsCurcumin alleviated Are‐induced oral mucosal fibroblast cells fibrosis by reducing oral mucosa fibroblasts viability, promoting cell apoptosis, suppressing cell migration, and down‐regulating the levels of fibrosis markers and inflammatory factors. Curcumin relieved Are‐induced OSF via inhibiting HIF‐1α. Mechanically, HIF‐1α bound to the promoter of LTBP2 to transcriptionally activated LTBP2. LTBP2 knockdown relieved Are‐induced OSF, and curcumin down‐regulated LTBP2 via inhibiting HIF‐1α to relieve Are‐induced OSF. Moreover, curcumin decreased NF‐κB signal associated proteins via inhibiting LTBP2 to relieve Are‐induced OSF.ConclusionCurcumin reduced the transcription level of LTBP2 by inhibiting HIF‐1α, thereby inactivating NF‐κB pathway to alleviate Are‐induced OSF.
Using 3D Printing Technology to Manufacture Personalized Bone Cement Placeholder Mold for Bone Defect Repair and Reconstruction with Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Zheng Kai , Yu Xiu‐chun , Xu Ming , Cui Haocheng , Wu Junyi , Hou Zhiwei , Tian Dongmu 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundLimb salvage surgery is the preferred treatment for most malignant bone tumors, but postoperative infection treatment is very challenging. Simultaneously controlling infection and solving bone defects are clinical treatment challenges.Case PresentationHere we describe a new technique for treating bone defect infection after bone tumor surgery. An 8‐year‐old patient suffered an incision infection after osteosarcoma resection and bone defect reconstruction. In response, we designed her a personalized, anatomically matched, antibiotic‐loaded, bone cement spacer mold using 3D printing technology. The patient's infection was cured, and limb salvage was successful. In follow‐up, the patient had returned to normal postoperative chemotherapy and was able to walk with the help of a cane. There was no obvious pain in the knee joint. At 3 months after operation, the range of motion of the knee joint was 0°–60°.ConclusionThe 3D printing spacer mold is an effective solution for treating the infection with large bone defect.
Quality of Life and Depression Status of Caregivers of Patients with Femoral Neck or Intertrochanteric Femoral Fractures during the First Year after Fracture Treatment
Authors: Sukchokpanich Pattamaket , Anusitviwat Chirathit , Jarusriwanna Atthakorn , Kitcharanant Nitchanant , Unnanuntana Aasis 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveThe burden placed on caregivers can negatively affect the functional recovery of patients with hip fractures. It is therefore essential to consider caregivers' well‐being during the hip fracture care pathway. The aim of this study is to evaluate caregivers' quality of life and depression status during the first year after hip fracture treatment.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled the primary caregivers of patients with hip fractures admitted to the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital (Bangkok, Thailand) between April 2019 and January 2020. The quality of life of each caregiver was evaluated using the 36‐Item Short Form Survey (SF‐36), EuroQol 5‐Dimensions 5‐Levels (EQ‐5D‐5L), and EuroQol Visual Analog Scale (EQ‐VAS). Their depression statuses were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD). The outcome measures were collected during admission as baseline data and 3, 6 months, and 1 year after hip fracture treatment. The repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare all outcome measures from baseline to each indicated time point.ResultsFifty caregivers were included in the final analysis. The mean SF‐36 physical and mental component summary scores decreased significantly from 56.6 to 54.9 (p = 0.012) and 52.7 to 50.4 (p = 0.043), respectively, during the first 3 months after treatment. The physical and mental component summary scores returned to baseline values 12 and 6 months posttreatment, respectively. Although the mean EQ‐5D‐5L and EQ‐VAS scores significantly declined at 3 months, they returned to baseline values within 12 months. As for HRSD, 6%, 56%, 36%, and 6% of the caregivers reported mild depression symptoms at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months posttreatment, respectively.ConclusionsThe quality of life and depression status of hip fracture patients' caregivers worsen substantially in the first 3 months and return to baseline 1 year after hip fracture treatment. Specific attention and support should be given to caregivers, particularly during this difficult period. Caregivers should be regarded as “hidden patients” who need to be integrated into the hip fracture treatment pathway.
Implant efficiency and clinical performance of Aveir™ VR and Micra™ VR leadless pacemaker: A multicenter comparative analysis of 67 patients
Authors: Tokavanich Nithi , Machado Christian , Banga Sandeep , Smiles Katelyn , Dhar Anya , Ali Abbas , Ali Mohammed , Qutrio Baloch Zulfiqar , Ip John 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionLeadless pacemaker (LP) is a novel pacemaker that has been proven to be effective and safe; however, the majority of LPs in previous reports were the Medtronic Micra™ VR LP. We aim to evaluate the implant efficiency and clinical performance of the Aveir™ VR LP compared to the Micra™ VR LP.MethodWe performed a retrospective analysis in two healthcare systems (Sparrow Hospital and Ascension Health System, Michigan) in patients implanted with LPs between January 1, 2018, and April 1, 2022. The parameters were collected at implantation, 3 months and 6 months.ResultsA total of 67 patients were included in the study. The Micra™ VR group had shorter time in the electrophysiology lab (41 ± 12 vs. 55 ± 11.5 min, p = .008) and shorter fluoroscopic time (6.5 ± 2.2 vs. 11.5 ± 4.5 min, p < .001) compared to the Aveir™ VR group. The Aveir™ VR group had a significantly higher implant pacing threshold compared to the Micra™ VR group (0.74 ± 0.34 mA vs. 0.5 ± 0.18 mA at pulse width 0.4 ms, p < .001), but no difference was found at 3 months and 6 months. There was no significant difference in the R‐wave sensing and impedance and pacing percentage at implantation, 3 months, and 6 months. Complications of the procedure were rare. The mean projected longevity of the Aveir™ VR group was longer than the Micra™ VR group (18.8 ± 4.3 vs. 7.7 ± 0.75 years, p < .001).ConclusionImplantation of the Aveir™ VR required longer laboratory and fluoroscopic time, but showed longer longevity at 6 months follow‐up, compare to the Micra™ VR. Complications and lead dislodgement are rare.
Congenital bullous syphilis in a newborn: A novel approach to diagnosis using immunohistochemical staining on a blister roof
Authors: Ekeh Odera , Duffy Robert F. , Feingold Anat , Manders Steven M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe describe a rare presentation of congenital bullous syphilis in a premature neonate born with extensive skin desquamation. The newborn was noted to have diffuse erythema with widespread, superficial skin desquamation in addition to plantar bullae and erosions, and an absence of mucosal involvement. Immunohistochemical syphilis diagnostic staining was performed on a blister roof, highlighting a novel diagnostic approach for congenital bullous syphilis.
Pessimism and procreation
Authors: Pallies Daniel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe pessimistic hypothesis is the hypothesis that life is bad for us, in the sense that we are worse off for having come into existence. Suppose this hypothesis turns out to be correct — existence turns out to be more of a burden than a gift. A natural next thought is that we should stop having children. But I contend that this is a mistake; procreation would often be permissible even if the pessimistic hypothesis turned out to be correct. Roughly, this is because we are often in a position to know that future people will approve of having been created, and their approval will not be inappropriate even if they are worse off for having been created. And our respect for the attitudes of future people can permit us to create them.
Introduction to the Forum: Revisiting Torsten Hägerstrand's Diorama, Path and Project
Authors: van Meeteren Michiel , Aalbers Manuel B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this TESG Forum, we revisit Torsten Hägerstrand's 1982 Diorama, Path and Project, a paper that significantly expanded Hägerstrand's time‐geographical conceptual vocabulary in the international geographical literature. The paper was the crystallization of a process where Hägerstrand tried to bridge regional science ideas with humanistic ones. The ‘diorama’ was introduced to discuss how imaginations emerge from the togetherness of objects and memories in localized space and initially formulated to help geography overcome the disciplinary fragmentation and paradigmatic rows that had splintered geography in the 1970s. ‘Path’ is Hägerstrand's well‐known concept describing people's spatial pattern of activities. Finally, the concept of ‘project’ tried to capture a broader conception of agency that was able to accommodate people's paths as the result of goal‐intended and value‐inspired actions. In this introductory essay, we contextualize the paper in the development of Hägerstrand's work and introduce the separate contributions to the Forum.
Rice potassium transporter OsHAK18 mediates phloem K+ loading and redistribution
Authors: Shen Like , Fan Wenxia , Li Na , Wu Qi , Chen Di , Luan Junxia , Zhang Gangao , Tian Quanxiang , Jing Wen , Zhang Qun , Zhang Wenhua 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARYHigh‐affinity K+ transporters/K+ uptake permeases/K+ transporters (HAK/KUP/KT) are important pathways mediating K+ transport across cell membranes, which function in maintaining K+ homeostasis during plant growth and stress response. An increasing number of studies have shown that HAK/KUP/KT transporters play crucial roles in root K+ uptake and root‐to‐shoot translocation. However, whether HAK/KUP/KT transporters also function in phloem K+ translocation remain unclear. In this study, we revealed that a phloem‐localized rice HAK/KUP/KT transporter, OsHAK18, mediated cell K+ uptake when expressed in yeast, Escherichia coli and Arabidopsis. It was localized at the plasma membrane. Disruption of OsHAK18 rendered rice seedlings insensitive to low‐K+ (LK) stress. After LK stress, some WT leaves showed severe wilting and chlorosis, whereas the corresponding leaves of oshak18 mutant lines (a Tos17 insertion line and two CRISPR lines) remained green and unwilted. Compared with WT, the oshak18 mutants accumulated more K+ in shoots but less K+ in roots after LK stress, leading to a higher shoot/root ratio of K+ per plant. Disruption of OsHAK18 does not affect root K+ uptake and K+ level in xylem sap, but it significantly decreases phloem K+ concentration and inhibits root‐to‐shoot‐to‐root K+ (Rb+) translocation in split‐root assay. These results reveal that OsHAK18 mediates phloem K+ loading and redistribution, whose disruption is in favor of shoot K+ retention under LK stress. Our findings expand the understanding of HAK/KUP/KT transporters' functions and provide a promising strategy for improving rice tolerance to K+ deficiency.