bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate social responsibility: a model for companies in the solidarity sector
Authors: Soto José Andrés Bayona , Claro Genny Torcoroma Navarro , Pineda Jairiny Alejandra Jaime 
Published: April 2023

Resumen
Propósito: El propósito de este estudio es analizar el grado de implementación de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial en las organizaciones solidarias y desarrollar una propuesta para mejorar su gestión.
Diseño/metodología/enfoque: la investigación es descriptiva, el diseño es de fuente mixta, por lo que se analizó el evento a través de la combinación de fuentes vivas y la revisión de documentos de organizaciones solidarias. Según la temporalidad el estudio es transeccional-contemporáneo; de acuerdo al enfoque de la investigación es univariado, se utilizaron las técnicas revisión documental, observación directa e indirecta y se aplicó encuestas y entrevistas a trabajadores y líderes de las empresas.
Hallazgos: En cuanto a las variables de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial se puede observar que las organizaciones solidarias presentan debilidades en las suyas, las empresas han realizado algunos acercamientos, pero desconocen todas las actividades que se deben realizar para lograr la efectividad del proceso. Es posible que requieran mayor conocimiento y orientación, por lo que los investigadores proponen un modelo como herramienta orientadora en la integración de la responsabilidad social empresarial en los diferentes procesos de las organizaciones objeto de estudio.
Originalidad/valor: Los hallazgos del estudio contribuyen con una mejor orientación para la comprensión de la responsabilidad social empresarial y su implementación efectiva en las organizaciones del sector solidario.
Evaluation of Proximate, Minerals, Vitamins and Antinutrient Composition of Combretum platypterum (Welw.) Hutch. & Dalziel. (Combretaceae) Leaves
Authors: Onyegbulam Chukwuma Michael , Chidinma Mba Theodora , Estella Odoh Uchenna , Ezugwu Christopher Obodoechi , Obisike Chukwube Vincent , Ugorji Chima 
Published: April 2023

Background: Combretum platypterum (Welw.) Hutch. & Dalziel. (Combretaceae) leaves are used in treatment of jaundice and hepatitis in South-Eastern Nigeria. Evaluations of the nutritional composition of medicinal plants can enhance their profile as sources of food and medicines. This research aims to determine the proximate composition, minerals, vitamins, and anti-nutrients contents of Combretum platypterum (Welw.) Hutch. & Dalziel (Combretaceae) leaves.
Methods: Proximate, minerals, and vitamins analysis are done according to the standard methods described by AOAC. Spectrophotometric methods and AAS were used to determined minerals. For the ANFs, oxalate concentration was determined using the permanganate titration method, phytate determination was based on the analysis of phosphorus in a ferric phytate complex, assuming a constant 4Fe: 6P molecular ratio in the complex. Tannins, trypsin inhibitors, and hemagglutinins were evaluated using other standard methods.
Results: Mineral content: Cal 1.14 mg/100g, Mg1.58 mg/100g, Mn 0.268 mg/100g, Cu 0.176 mg/100g, Zn 5.9 mg/100g, Se 0.957 mg/100g, Fe 3.596 mg/100g, K 1.537 mg/100g, Na 0.6 mg/100g, phosphorus 0.58mg/100g. Proximate analysis: protein 3.327 %, moisture 4.45 %, ash 2.65%, fibre 4.3%, fat 2.20 %, carbohydrates 83.07 %. Anti-nutrients content: oxalate: 0.577mg/100g, phytate 0.567mg/100g, hemagglutinin 0.428HU/mg, tannins 123.53 mg/100g), trypsin inhibitor 0.647±.003HIU/mg. Vitamin analysis: Vitamin C 0.328 mg/100g, vitamin D 0.227 mg/100g, vitamin E 0.59 mg/100g, vitamin K 0.137 mg/100g, and vitamin A (retinol) 4.507 µg/g
Conclusion: Combretum platypterum (Welw.) Hutch. & Dalziel (Combretaceae) leaves are rich in proximate elements, vitamins and essential minerals and low levels of antinutrients.
Women and Mining in Zambia: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Kalinda Roy , Thankian Kusanthan 
Published: April 2023

The rise of urbanisation in colonial Zambia particularly on the Copperbelt province is associated with the discovery of minerals in the early 1900s. The widespread discovery of minerals and exploitation of the same minerals required labour both skilled and unskilled labour. Skilled labour was drawn from overseas while unskilled labour was available from the local population. During the colonial period, the predominant labour force on the mines were men while women were by law were not allowed to enter towns during the early years of urbanization or to take residence in urban areas anywhere in the country. Early researchers commented that early African migration to mine towns essentialised as men’s wage work, depended on agricultural and reproductive labour performed by women, who officially remained in rural areas. Local labour migrations were highly restricted and employment of women in urban areas was scarce or none existent in the initial stages of urbanisation.
Skilled and none skilled labour for women employees on the mines initially did not exist in the colonial period because they (women) were not viewed as important labourers needed for production in the mines. This restriction of women in urban areas created a legacy of gender inequalities in almost all the sectors of labour employment and more so in the mining sector during the colonial period. Consequently, one can argue that since the colonial period to date, women have been a minority group in the mines occupying low positions in their majority compared to men and very few women hold executive positions in the mining sector.
Employment during the colonial period was not easily found due to clear discrimination. The end result of this type of discrimination in employment resulted in few or no women at all in some instances in the mines. With passage of time, women were allowed into towns and on the mines but formal jobs for women were difficult to find. The current state of gender inequalities in the mines in Zambia today is a carryover from the colonial period. Currently, training institutions for mine workers such as universities, colleges and technical institute are still dominated by male students.
The above situation eventually results into a gendered labour force in the mines with men occupying highly skilled jobs while women dominate the low skilled and non-skilled jobs in mining conglomerates. The current gender inequalities on the mines are historically embedded in the mines as patriarchal institutions owned and ran by the same men. Consequently, very few women are in the executive positions in mines and even very few do own mines.
Effect of Brief Interpersonal Therapy on Depression During Pregnancy
Authors: Hankin Benjamin L. , Demers Catherine H. , Hennessey Ella-Marie P. , Perzow Sarah E. D. , Curran Mary C. , Gallop Robert J. , Hoffman M. Camille , Davis Elysia Poggi 
Published: April 2023

ImportancePrenatal depression is prevalent with negative consequences for both the mother and developing fetus. Brief, effective, and safe interventions to reduce depression during pregnancy are needed.ObjectiveTo evaluate depression improvement (symptoms and diagnosis) among pregnant individuals from diverse backgrounds randomized to brief interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) vs enhanced usual care (EUC).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA prospective, evaluator-blinded, randomized clinical trial, the Care Project, was conducted among adult pregnant individuals who reported elevated symptoms during routine obstetric care depression screening in general practice in obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) clinics. Participants were recruited between July 2017 and August 2021. Repeated measures follow-up occurred across pregnancy from baseline (mean [SD], 16.7 [4.2] gestational weeks) through term. Pregnant participants were randomized to IPT or EUC and included in intent-to-treat analyses.InterventionsTreatment comprised an engagement session and 8 active sessions of brief IPT (MOMCare) during pregnancy. EUC included engagement and maternity support services.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTwo depression symptom scales, the 20-item Symptom Checklist and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, were assessed at baseline and repeatedly across pregnancy. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 ascertained major depressive disorder (MDD) at baseline and the end of gestation.ResultsOf 234 participants, 115 were allocated to IPT (mean [SD] age, 29.7 [5.9] years; 57 [49.6%] enrolled in Medicaid; 42 [36.5%] had current MDD; 106 [92.2%] received intervention) and 119 to EUC (mean [SD] age, 30.1 [5.9] years; 62 [52.1%] enrolled in Medicaid; 44 [37%] had MDD). The 20-item Symptom Checklist scores improved from baseline over gestation for IPT but not EUC (d = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.22-0.91; mean [SD] change for IPT vs EUC: 26.7 [1.14] to 13.6 [1.40] vs 27.1 [1.12] to 23.5 [1.34]). IPT participants more rapidly improved on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale compared with EUC (d = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.06-0.74; mean [SD] change for IPT vs EUC: 11.4 [0.38] to 5.4 [0.57] vs 11.5 [0.37] to 7.6 [0.55]). MDD rate by end of gestation had decreased significantly for IPT participants (7 [6.1%]) vs EUC (31 [26.1%]) (odds ratio, 4.99; 95% CI, 2.08-11.97).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, brief IPT significantly reduced prenatal depression symptoms and MDD compared with EUC among pregnant individuals from diverse racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds recruited from primary OB/GYN clinics. As a safe, effective intervention to relieve depression during pregnancy, brief IPT may positively affect mothers’ mental health and the developing fetus.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03011801
Regulating the Water Molecular in the Solvation Structure for Stable Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhang Zihao , He Zirong , Wang Nan , Wang Fengmei , Du Chongyu , Ruan Jiafeng , Li Qin , Sun Dalin , Fang Fang , Wang Fei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRechargeable aqueous zinc batteries are promising energy storage devices because of their low cost, high safety, and high energy density. However, their performance is plagued by the unsatisfied cyclability due to the dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the Zn anode. Herein, it is demonstrated that the concentrated hybrid aqueous/non‐aqueous ZnCl2 electrolytes constitute a peculiar chemical environment for not only the Zn‐ions but also water molecules. The high concentration of chloride ions substitutes the H2O molecular in the solvation structure of Zn2+, while the acetonitrile further interacts with H2O to decrease its activity. The hybrid electrolytes both inhibit the dendrite formation and HER, enabling an ultrahigh average Coulombic efficiency of 99.9% in the Zn||Cu half‐cell and a highly reversible Zn plating/stripping with a low overpotential of 21 mV. Using this hybrid electrolyte, the Zn||polytriphenylamine (PTPAn) full cell deliveres a high discharge capacity of 110 mAh g−1, a high power density of 9200 W kg−1 at 100 °C and maintains 85% of the capacity for over 6000 cycles at 10 °C. This study provides a deep understanding between the solvation structure and columbic efficiency of Zn anode, thus inspiring the development for stable Zn batteries.
Thermo‐Responsive Self‐Ceramifiable Robust Aerogel with Exceptional Strengthening and Thermal Insulating Performance at Ultrahigh Temperatures
Authors: Lin Xin‐Cen , Li Shu‐Liang , Li Wen‐Xiong , Wang Zi‐Hao , Zhang Jia‐Yan , Liu Bo‐Wen , Fu Teng , Zhao Hai‐Bo , Wang Yu‐Zhong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHigh‐performance thermal insulating aerogels are attractive candidates for thermal protection in extreme environments. However, inorganic aerogels’ brittleness and poor machinability limit their applications, while organic aerogels suffer from severe strength degradation and structural collapse at high temperatures. Herein, for the first time, a thermo‐responsive self‐ceramifiable aerogel is demonstrated with exceptional strengthening and thermal insulation at high temperatures. This aerogel exhibits excellent toughness and processability like polymers under normal conditions but spontaneously transforms into high‐strength semi‐crystalline hard ceramics upon exposure to high temperatures. After prolonged thermal attack at 800 °C, the strength of the aerogels does not decrease but significantly increases several‐fold (from 0.739 to 2.726 MPa). The self‐ceramization behavior and mechanism of the aerogel are illustrated in detail. The unique self‐ceramifiable capacity enables aerogels to provide fire resistance, high‐strength support, and excellent thermal insulation at ultrahigh temperatures. Even with continuous burning at 1300 °C for 60 min, the 15 mm thick aerogel shows low backside temperature below 300 °C, crack‐free overall structure, and invariant porous morphology. This self‐ceramifiable aerogel opens up a new avenue for developing thermal‐protection materials with toughness, machinability, high strength, and thermal insulation in extreme environments.
A 0D Additive for Flexible All‐Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells to Go Beyond 60 000 Flexible Cycles
Authors: Liu Huijing , Han Huifang , Xu Jia , Pan Xu , Zhao Kui , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Yao Jianxi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAll‐inorganic cesium lead halide flexible perovskite solar cells (f‐PSCs) exhibit superior thermal stability compared to their organic–inorganic hybrid counterparts. However, their flexibility and efficiency are still below‐par for practical viability. Herein, a design using a 0D Cs4Pb(IBr)6 additive to transform tensile stress into compressive stress in the perovskite film, effectively preventing expansion of cracks for significantly improved mechanical durability, is reported. It is found that not only is improved flexibility obtained, but also the cell efficiency is increased for the all‐inorganic flexible 3D CsPbI3−xBrx solar cells. The CsPbI2.81Br0.19 f‐PSC retains over 97% of its initial efficiency even after 60 000 flexing cycles at a curvature radius of 5 mm (R = 5 mm). Simultaneously, 0D Cs4Pb(IBr)6 enhances the crystallinity of the CsPbI2.81Br0.19 film and passivates the defects along the grain boundaries, effectively improving the photovoltaic performance of the all‐inorganic f‐PSCs. The highest power‐conversion efficiency obtained is 14.25% with a short‐circuit current density of 18.47 mA cm−2, open‐circuit voltage of 1.09 V, and fill factor of 70.67%. This strategy paves the way for further improvement of the mechanical durability of all‐inorganic f‐PSCs.
Long‐Range Energy Transfer between Dye‐Loaded Nanoparticles: Observation and Amplified Detection of Nucleic Acids
Authors: Biswas Deep Sekhar , Gaki Paraskevi , Cruz Da Silva Elisabete , Combes Antoine , Reisch Andreas , Didier Pascal , Klymchenko Andrey S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFörster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is essential in optical materials for light‐harvesting, photovoltaics, and biosensing, but its operating range is fundamentally limited by the Förster radius of ≈5 nm. In this work, FRET between fluorescent organic nanoparticles (NPs) is studied in order to break this limit. The donor and acceptor NPs are built from charged hydrophobic polymers loaded with cationic dyes and bulky hydrophobic counterions. Their surface is functionalized with DNA in order to control surface‐to‐surface distance. It is found that the FRET efficiency does not follow the canonic Förster law, reaching 0.70 and 0.45 values for NP–NP distances of 15 and 20 nm, respectively. This corresponds to the FRET efficiency decay as power four of the surface‐to‐surface NP–NP distance. Based on this long‐distance FRET, a DNA nanoprobe is developed, where a target DNA fragment, encoding the cancer marker survivin, bringing together donor and acceptor NPs at ≈15 nm distance. In this nanoprobe, a single‐molecular recognition results in unprecedented color switch for >5000 dyes, yielding a simple and fast assay with 18 attomoles limit of detection. Breaking the Förster distance limit for ultrabright NPs opens the route to advanced optical nanomaterials for amplified FRET‐based biosensing.
Poly(l‐Lactic Acid) Nanofiber‐Based Multilayer Film for the Electrical Stimulation of Nerve Cells
Authors: Jiang Fengying , Shan Yizhu , Tian Junyuan , Xu Lingling , Li Chaohai , Yu Fang , Cui Xi , Wang Chengwei , Li Zhou , Ren Kailiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPoly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) films have excellent piezoelectric properties, but the strong hydrophobicity of the surface makes it difficult for cells to attach there. PLLA nanofibers have good biocompatibility, but the weak piezoelectric coefficient limits the ability of the nanofibers to stimulate cell growth. Therefore, the PLLA piezoelectric film is combined with the PLLA nanofibers to make a multilayer film. In our tests, the piezoelectric output of the multilayer film ≈260 mV. In the biological experiments section, without piezoelectric stimulation, the cell length on the nanofibers is approximately twice that of the cells in the blank control group. The length of cells cultured on piezoelectric‐based stimulated nanofibers is more than twice that of cells cultured on nanofibers without piezoelectric stimulation. Therefore, it is confirmed that under the dual action of nanofiber guidance and piezoelectric stimulation, the growth rate of cells is four times faster than that in ordinary Petri dishes. Intracellular calcium imaging experiments confirmed that the concentration of Ca2+ in electrically stimulated cells is approximately twice that of ordinary cells. It is also confirmed that piezoelectric materials can complete electrical stimulation of cells in indirect contact with cells.
Conformal Electrodeposition of Antimicrobial Hydrogels Formed by Self‐Assembled Peptide Amphiphiles
Authors: Zaldivar Gervasio , Feng Jiachen , Lizarraga Leonardo , Yu Yafan , de Campos Luana , de Oliveira Kelly Mari Pires , Piepenbrink Kurt H. , Conda‐Sheridan Martin , Tagliazucchi Mario 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe colonization of biomedical surfaces by bacterial biofilms is concerning because these microorganisms display higher antimicrobial resistance in biofilms than in liquid cultures. Developing antimicrobial coatings that can be easily applied to medically‐relevant complex‐shaped objects, such as implants and surgical instruments, is an important and challenging research direction. This work reports the preparation of antibacterial surfaces via the electrodeposition of a conformal hydrogel of self‐assembling cationic peptide‐amphiphiles (PAs). Hydrogels of three PAs are electrodeposited: C16K2, C16K3, and C18K2, where Cn is an alkyl chain of n methylene groups and Km is an oligopeptide of m lysines. The processing variables (electrodeposition time, potential, pH, salt concentration, agitation) enable fine control of film thickness, demonstrating the flexibility of the method and allowing to unravel the mechanisms underlying electrodeposition. The electrochemically prepared hydrogels inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in agar plates, and prevent the formation of biofilms of Acinetobacter baumannii and P. aeruginosa and the formation of A. baumannii colonies in solid media. C16K2 and C16K3 hydrogels outperform the antimicrobial activity of those of C18K2 while maintaining good compatibility with human cells.
On the Photo‐Carriers Dynamic Regulation by Piezo‐Phototronic Effect in Metal‐Oxide–Semiconductor Tunneling Junction
Authors: Wang Yitong , Peng Wenbo , Huang Zihao , Huang Danyang , Xie Wanli , Li Fangpei , He Yongning 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe piezo‐phototronic effect can modulate the dynamics of photo‐generated carriers by utilizing external‐strain–induced piezoelectric charges (piezo‐charges). Most of the current researches focus on the modulation effect on the optoelectronic properties of p–n junctions. There are only a few studies focusing on the metal‐oxide–semiconductor (MOS) structures. In this work, a PEDOT:PSS/Al2O3/n‐ZnO tri‐layer MOS tunneling junction is fabricated and the piezo‐phototronic effect on its photo‐carriers dynamic and performances is systematically investigated. The photoresponsivity to 365 nm laser illumination is reduced because of the negative piezo‐charges generated at the Al2O3/n‐ZnO interface. Meanwhile but unexpectedly, the similar phenomenon utilizing the positive piezo‐charges at the Al2O3/n‐ZnO interface is observed. The in‐depth working mechanisms are carefully investigated by analyzing the effect of piezo‐charges on the energy band diagram. Strain induced piezo‐charges could feasibly adjust the intermediate oxide layer's barrier height and width so that the tunneling effect can be efficiently modulated by the piezo‐phototronic effect, leading to the effective control over the MOS tunneling junction's photo‐carriers dynamic and corresponding photoresponses. This work provides an in‐depth understanding for the piezo‐phototronic effect on the MOS tunneling junction and provides guidance for the subsequent researches on the coupling of piezo‐phototronic effect and tunneling effect.
Improved Performance of Heat Source Free Water‐Floating Carbon Nanotube Thermoelectric Generators Controlling Wettability Using Atmospheric‐Pressure Plasma Jet and Waterproof Spray
Authors: Chiba Tomoyuki , Miura Katsuma , Amma Yuki , Kuwahata Hiroshi , Takashiri Masayuki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWater‐floating carbon nanotube thermoelectric generators (CNT‐TEGs) can effectively power Internet of Things (IoT) applications. CNT‐TEGs produce electricity by floating on water to generate a temperature gradient in the CNT films, where water pumping via capillary action causes evaporation‐induced cooling in selected areas. However, the amount of electricity required for target applications needs to be increased. Therefore, the wettability of CNT films is controlled via various treatments to increase water evaporation and temperature difference in the films. The contact angle of the water droplet on the film surface related to the wettability decreases upon atmospheric‐pressure plasma jet irradiation and increases upon waterproof spray treatment. Intermediate wettability is obtained by combining the two aforementioned treatments. Under the environmental conditions of light irradiation (1 kW m−2) and wind (3 m s−1) at a water temperature of 20 °C, the CNT‐TEGs with the combined treatment exhibit a highest output voltage of 3.9 mV, which is 30% larger than that of the pristine CNT‐TEG. At a water temperature of 60 °C, a highest output voltage of 13.1 mV is achieved in the pristine CNT‐TEG. The performance enhancement of CNT‐TEGs by controlling the wettability of CNT films under various environmental conditions can facilitate advancements in IoT technology.
High‐Efficiency ZnO‐Based Ultraviolet Photodetector with Integrated Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin‐Film Heater
Authors: Kim Jeong‐Hyeon , Choi Jongyun , Na Hyunseok , Lee Sung‐Nam 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecently, sol–gel‐derived ZnO thin films have been explored for high performance photodetectors (PDs). However, the crystallinity of sol–gel‐derived ZnO films is inferior to vacuum‐based grown ZnO film, leading to poor photoreaction in the PDs. This study combines a single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) heating system with sol–gel ZnO‐based ultraviolet (UV) PDs. A SWCNT heater is fabricated on sapphire substrates using spin coating technique, resulting in a transparent heater with a transmittance of ≈80% by controlling spin speed. In addition, increasing the number of SWCNT spin coatings from 1 to 3 raises the heater temperature to over 170 °C, resulting in a response time of less than 1 min. The sol–gel ZnO‐based UV PDs with the SWCNT heater shows a 137% increase in photocurrent as the SWCNT heater temperature increases from 25 to 112 °C. In addition, the increase in temperature of the embedded‐SWCNT heater significantly shortens the rise and decay times of the sol–gel‐derived ZnO PDs.