bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A framework for improving bridge resilience and sustainability through optimizing high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites
Authors: Tan Xiao , Mahjoubi Soroush , Zhang Qinghua , Dong Daren , Bao Yi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHigh-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (HPFRCC) exhibit benefits in improving infrastructure resilience but often compromise sustainability due to the higher upfront cost and carbon footprint compared with conventional concrete. This paper presents a framework to improve bridge resilience and sustainability through optimizing HPFRCC. This research considers ultra-high-performance concrete and strain-hardening cementitious composite, both featuring high mechanical strengths, ductility, and damage tolerance. This paper establishes links between bridge resilience, bridge sustainability, mechanical properties of HPFRCC, and mixture design. The investigated mechanical properties include the first crack stress, the ultimate tensile strength, and the ultimate tensile strain. With the established links, sustainability is maximized while resilience is retained by optimizing HPFRCC mixtures. The framework is implemented into a case study of a bridge that collapsed during construction. Results show that use of HPFRCC enhances resilience, and HPFRCC mixtures can be engineered to minimize the material cost and carbon footprint while retaining high resilience.
A review on hepatitis C virus: role of viral and host-cellular factors in replication and existing therapeutic strategies
Authors: Butt Fatima , Shahid Muhammad , Hassan Muhammad , Tawakkal Farah , Amin Iram , Afzal Samia , Bhatti Rashid , Nawaz Rabia , Idrees Muhammad 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Hepatitis C virus, a member of Flaviviridae is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus infecting 62–79 million people around the globe. This blood-borne virus is one of the leading causes of liver diseases worldwide. This review aims to identify novel potential genes linked to cellular host factors, as well as revise the roles of each gene in hepatitis C Virus infection. This review also aims to provide a comprehensive insight into therapeutic advancements against HCV.

Methods
For this review article, 190 articles were searched via PubMed Central, Bio-One, National Academy of Science, Google Scholar, and Worldwide Science. 0ut of these 190 studies, 55 articles were selected for this review. The inclusion of articles was done on the criteria of high citation and Q1 ranking.

Results
The information gathered from previously published articles highlighted a critical link between host-cellular factors that are important for HCV infection.

Conclusion
Although many advancements in HCV treatment have been made like DAAs and HTAs, the development of a completely effective HCV therapy is still a challenge. Further research on combinations of DAAs and HTAs can help in developing a better therapeutic alternative. Keywords: Hepatitis C virus, Replication cycle, Non-structural proteins, Host-cellular factors, Treatment strategies
Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusions: Closing the Loop
Authors: Díaz-Balzac Carlos A , Pillinger David , Wittlin Steven D 
Published: December 2022

AbstractContextContinuous subcutaneous insulin infusions (CSIIs) and continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) have revolutionized the management of diabetes mellitus (DM). Over the last 2 decades the development of advanced, small, and user-friendly technology has progressed substantially, essentially closing the loop in the fasting and postabsorptive state, nearing the promise of an artificial pancreas (AP). The momentum was mostly driven by the diabetes community itself, to improve its health and quality of life.Evidence AcquisitionLiterature regarding CSII and CGM was reviewed.Evidence SynthesisManagement of DM aims to regulate blood glucose to prevent long-term microvascular and macrovascular complications. CSIIs combined with CGMs provide an integrated system to maintain tight glycemic control in a safe and uninterrupted fashion, while minimizing hypoglycemic events. Recent advances have allowed to “closing of the loop” by better mimicking endogenous insulin secretion and glucose level regulation. Evidence supports sustained improvement in glycemic control with reduced episodes of hypoglycemia using these systems, while improving quality of life. Ongoing work in delivery algorithms with or without counterregulatory hormones will allow for further layers of regulation of the AP.ConclusionOngoing efforts to develop an AP have created effective tools to improve the management of DM. CSIIs and CGMs are useful in diverse populations ranging from children to older individuals, as well as in various clinical contexts. Individually and more so together, these have had a tremendous effect on the management of DM, while avoiding treatment fatigue. However, cost and accessibility are still a hindrance to its wider application.
Non-Destructive Composition Identification for Mixtures of Iron Compounds Using a Chemical Environmental Effect on a Muon Capture Process
Authors: Ninomiya Kazuhiko , Kajino Meito , Nambu Akihiro , Inagaki Makoto , Kudo Takuto , Sato Akira , Terada Kentaro , Shinohara Atsushi , Tomono Dai , Kawashima Yoshitaka , Sakai Yoichi , Takayama Tsutomu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The non-destructive investigation of the chemical state of elements within a material is urgently needed in various scientific research fields. In recent years, non-destructive elemental analysis methods using muons have been developed. These methods identify elements by measuring muonic X-rays emitted from muonic atoms formed by the muon irradiation of the material. Interestingly, muonic atom formation processes are slightly influenced by the chemical state of the muon-capturing atom, and as a result, the muon capture probability of each element and the muonic X-ray emission intensity change depending on the chemical state. By utilizing this effect, it may be possible to know the chemical state at the same time as elemental analysis. In this study, the compositions of γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 in an ironsand sample were determined using two approaches: muonic X-ray intensity ratios and muon capture ratios. The mixing ratios obtained from the two approaches were consistent with each other and consistent with results of the Mössbauer technique, a completely different analysis method. In this study, non-destructive chemical state analysis using muons was successfully demonstrated, and this method is promising for applications in various research fields.
Composite Formation of Anthrylene- and Ferrocenoyl-Substituted Phenyleneethynylenes with Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs)
Authors: Watanabe Hikaru , Ekuni Kento , Okuda Yasuhiro , Nakayama Ryo , Kawano Keisuke , Iwanaga Tetsuo , Yamaguchi Atsushi , Kiyomura Tsutomu , Miyake Hideaki , Yamagami Masahiro , Tajima Tomoyuki , Kitai Takumi , Hayashi Tomoya , Nishiyama Naoto , Kusano Yoshihiro , Kurata Hiroki , Takaguchi Yutaka , Orita Akihiro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Anthrylene- and ferrocenoyl-assisted composite fabrication was achieved between visible-light absorbing anthrylene- and ferrocenoyl-substituted acetylenic dyes and single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The composite formation was confirmed via UV-Vis, Raman, mass, and XPS spectra analyses. In the UV-Vis absorption spectrum, the resulting dye-SWCNT composites showed bathochromic shifts ascribable to the π-π interaction. One-pot fabrication of the composite was also accomplished via Cu-catalyzed dimerization of anthrylene- and ferrocenoyl-substituted terminal ethyne and the subsequent adsorption of the resulting butadiyne dye to SWCNT. We confirmed that the dye-SWCNT composite dispersed in water by using amphiphilic poly(amidoamine)dendrimer could transfer an electron from 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) to methyl viologen dichloride (MV2+) upon irradiation with visible light (&gt;422 nm).
Implementing essential steps to manage obstetric emergencies in South Africa: midwives’ perspectives
Authors: Sewnunan Asha , Puckree Threethambal 
Published: December 2022

Background/Aims South Africa, and in particular the KwaZulu Natal province, failed to meet the millennium development goal of reducing maternal mortality rates by 2015. The new sustainable development goals provide another opportunity to achieve a maternal mortality rate of less than 70 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births by 2030. Despite implementation of the ‘essential steps in managing obstetric emergencies’ in KwaZulu Natal, the maternal mortality rate remains high. This study analysed midwives’ views of implementing the essential steps in managing obstetric emergencies guidelines in contributing to reducing the maternal mortality rate. Methods A total of 14 purposively chosen midwives trained in the essential steps in managing obstetric emergencies from all levels of hospitals and community health clinics in two of 11 randomly chosen districts in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, participated in a qualitative, unstructured interview. The interview focused on barriers and challenges to the effective implementation of the guidelines. The data were thematically analysed and presented as themes and subthemes. Results Effective implementation of the guidelines was obstructed by a lack of resources. The lack of staff, including those able to train others in the guidelines and doctors at the hospitals, as well as there being no obstetrician at community health centres, and the shortage of advanced midwives across facilities and wards impacted implementation of the guidelines. The lack of drugs, equipment and materials, such as manikin to simulate ‘fire drill’ training across facilities, contributed to ineffective management of emergencies. The participants believed that further efforts are required through collaborative teams to enhance implementation of the guidelines to achieve the sustainable development goals target before 2030. Conclusions Implementation of the essential steps in managing obstetric emergencies to reduce maternal mortality requires immediate, significant effort on the part of the Department of Health in KwaZulu Natal.
Birthing outside the guidelines: a qualitative study of student midwives' experiences
Authors: Morris Kimberley 
Published: December 2022

Background Choice in childbirth is not a new concept, yet it has been suggested that few service-users have a genuine choice about birth. Existing research has explored midwives' experiences of caring for service users birthing outside guidelines, but nothing is known about student midwives' experiences. This study's aim was to explore student midwives' experiences of caring for women giving birth outside the guidelines. Methods A generic qualitative approach was used, and purposive sampling recruited five student midwives from a university in east England. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed thematically. Results The three themes were ‘contradictions’, focusing on the incongruity identified in the narratives, ‘the actions of clinicians’ illustrated by clinician behaviour witnessed by the participants and ‘punishment and judgement’, which outlines the treatment of service users who gave birth outside the guidelines. Conclusions Students can be exposed to inapt clinicians' behaviours, with the failure to protect and advocate for service users leaving them feeling anxious and potentially burnt out. Midwives should act as role models, so future midwives are aware this behaviour is not conducive to person-led care.
Convex-shaped silicon-on-insulator waveguide for linear and nonlinear applications
Authors: Singhal Sridhar , Kar Sauradeep , Sharma Shubhanshi , Rehan Mohd , Kumari Rashmi , Varshney Shailendra K. 
Published: December 2022

Dispersion engineering and enhanced light–matter interaction are the most desirable attributes for creating linear and nonlinear devices. It is always a challenging task to achieve both characteristics simultaneously. In this paper, we present a design of a silicon waveguide that provides not only enhanced light–matter interaction, measured through evanescent field strength, but also a platform to realize compact couplers and enhanced four-wave mixing efficiency. We make use of a convex-shaped design and numerically evaluate its modal characteristics. The design supports two zero dispersion wavelengths, from 1.2 µm to 1.3 µm and 1.7 µm to 1.8 µm, which can be tailored by changing the shape design parameters such as depth. Numerical simulations reveal that the depth of the convex shape affects both linear and nonlinear properties of the designed waveguide. We observe significant improvement of 15.2 dB in four-wave mixing efficiency when the waveguide is covered with a monolayer of graphene, illustrating the capabilities of such convex-shaped waveguides.
Mechanisms of enhanced sub-bandgap absorption in high-speed all-silicon avalanche photodiodes
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Sorin Wayne V. , Liang Di , Cheung Stanley , Peng Yiwei , Jain Mudit , Huang Zhihong , Fiorentino Marco , Beausoleil Raymond G. 
Published: December 2022

All-silicon (Si) photodiodes have drawn significant interest due to their single and simple material system and perfect compatibility with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor photonics. With the help from a cavity enhancement effect, many of these photodiodes have shown considerably high responsivity at telecommunication wavelengths such as 1310 nm, yet the mechanisms for such high responsivity remain unexplained. In this work, an all-Si microring is studied systematically as a photodiode to unfold the various absorption mechanisms. At

−
6.4

V

, the microring exhibits responsivity up to

∼
0.53

A
/
W

with avalanche gain, a 3 dB bandwidth of

∼
25.5

GHz

, and open-eye diagrams up to 100 Gb/s. The measured results reveal the hybrid absorption mechanisms inside the device. A comprehensive model is reported to describe its working principle, which can guide future designs and make the all-Si microring photodiode a promising building block in Si photonics.
Improving knowledge, attitudes, and practices on dengue and diarrhea in rural primary school students, their parents, and teachers in Colombia: A cluster-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sarmiento-Senior Diana , Matiz Maria Ines , Vargas-Cruz Sandra , Jaramillo Juan Felipe , Olano Victor Alberto , Lenhart Audrey , Stenström Thor Axel , Alexander Neal , Overgaard Hans J. 
Published: December 2022

Background
Improved education on water-related diseases in schools could help to reduce disease burden. This paper presents specific results on knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of a cluster-randomized controlled trial to reduce diarrheal disease and dengue entomological risk factors in rural primary schools in Colombia. The aim was to investigate whether enhanced educational interventions on dengue and diarrheal disease in schools could improve KAP scores related to these diseases in students and teachers in rural primary schools, as well as the students’ parents.

Methodology/Principal findings
A factorial cluster-randomized controlled trial was carried out in 35 rural primary schools in two municipalities in Cundinamarca, central Colombia. Schools were randomized into four arms: interventions related to diarrheal disease (DIA), dengue (DEN), both (DIADEN), or no interventions (control, CON). Both educational and physical interventions to reduce risk factors of dengue and diarrhea were implemented. Comprehensive teachers’ manuals were developed and deployed to guide the learning activities. The intervention was carried out over two school years. The knowledge scores of students receiving dengue interventions (DEN, DIADEN) increased by 1.16 point score (0.75–1.56, p<0.001) and those receiving diarrhea interventions (DIA, DIADEN) increased by 1.15 point score (0.67–1.63, p<0.001). The attitude and practice scores of students receiving the diarrhea interventions increased (Attitudes: 0.41 [0.11–0.71, p = 0.01]; Practices: 0.33 [0.01–0.65, p = 0.042]), but not for those receiving the dengue interventions (p = 0.31 and p = 0.08, respectively).

Conclusions/Significance
There were increases in knowledge scores among students, their teachers and their parents for both diseases. However, the attitudes and practices components were not affected to the same extent. The hypothesis that the students would disseminate knowledge acquired from the educational interventions to their parents was confirmed for dengue, but not for diarrhea.

Trial registration
ISRCTN40195031 The trial is registered in the Current Controlled Trials under Infections and Infestations category.
Adolescent resilience and mobile phone addiction in Henan Province of China: Impacts of chain mediating, coping style
Authors: Ma Anna , Yang Yan , Guo Shuangxi , Li Xue , Zhang Shenhua , Chang Hongjuan 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundAs mobile phone use grows, so it brings benefits and risks. As an important part of adolescents healthy growth, resilience plays an indispensable role. Thus, it is important to identify when mobile phone use of an adolescent becomes an addiction. This study proposed to explore the effects of adolescent resilience on mobile phone addiction, and tested the mediating role of coping style and depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS) on phone addiction among 2,268 adolescents in the Henan province, China.MethodsThe adolescents were surveyed via an online questionnaire, a mobile phone addiction index (MPAI), a depression, anxiety, and stress scale with 21 items (DASS-21), the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents (RSCA), and the Simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ), and we used structural equation modeling to examine the correlations and moderation effects. All data analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0 and Amos 23.0.ResultsThe results show that adolescences resilience were negatively related to negative coping, DASS, and mobile phone addiction; both coping style and DASS could mediate the relationship between adolescent resilience and mobile phone addiction among Chinese adolescents. The relationship between adolescent resilience and mobile phone addiction in Chinese adolescents was mediated by the chain of coping styles and DASS.ConclusionsThere is a negative relationship which exists between resilience and mobile phone addiction in this population. In addition, stress, anxiety, depression, and coping style significantly influence the risk of adolescent mobile phone addiction and play an intermediary role in Chinese adolescent resilience and mobile phone addiction.
Effect of repeated bolus and continuous glucose infusion on a panel of circulating biomarkers in healthy volunteers
Authors: Feldbauer Roland , Heinzl Matthias Wolfgang , Klammer Carmen , Resl Michael , Pohlhammer Johannes , Rosenberger Klemens , Almesberger Verena , Obendorf Florian , Schinagl Lukas , Wagner Thomas , Egger Margot , Dieplinger Benjamin , Clodi Martin 
Published: December 2022

Hypothesis
Glycaemic variability (GV) refers to fluctuations in the blood glucose level and may contribute to complications in patients suffering from Diabetes. Several studies show negative effects of GV on the cardiovascular system, however there is still a lack of conclusive evidence. Using an explorative cardiovascular panel, it is possible to simultaneously measure the effects on proteins relevant for cardiovascular processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of rapid glucose excursions on cardiovascular and metabolic parameters in healthy individuals.

Methods
An explorative single-blinded cross-over study was performed in ten healthy men. Subjects received 3 times 20 grams of glucose i.v. over 5 minutes or 60 grams of glucose continuously over 3 hours. Blood was taken for repeated measurements of the cardiovascular panel over the following 6 hours and again after 24 and 48 hours.

Results
We observed a significant elevation of 7 cardiovascular biomarkers (BMP6, SLAMF7, LOX-1, ADAMTS13, IL-1RA, IL-4RA, PTX3) at t = 360min after rapid glucose infusion compared to a continuous glucose infusion.

Conclusions
Intraday GV seems to have acute effects on cardiovascular proteins in healthy test persons. Rapid glucose administration compared to continuous administration showed significant changes in BMP6, SLAMF7, ADAMTS13, IL1RA, PTX3, IL-4RA and LOX-1.

Clinical trial registration
NCT04488848.
Amikacin liposome and Mycobacterium avium complex: A systematic review
Authors: Zangiabadian Moein , Malekshahian Donya , Arabpour Erfan , Abadi Sahel Shafiee Dolat , Yazarlou Fartous , Bostanghadiri Narjess , Centis Rosella , Aghababa AmirHossein Akbari , Farahbakhsh Mohammad , Nasiri Mohammad Javad , Sotgiu Giovanni , Migliori Giovanni Battista 
Published: December 2022

Introduction
The prevalence of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is increasing globally. Macrolide-based multidrug regimens have been recommended as the first-line treatment for patients with MAC pulmonary disease. However, developing macrolide resistance was associated with poor treatment outcomes and increased mortality. In 2018, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved liposomal amikacin for inhalation (LAI) to treat refractory MAC pulmonary disease. The current systematic review aimed to evaluate LAI’s outcomes and adverse events in MAC pulmonary disease.

Methods
The systematic search was performed in PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL) up to March 8, 2022. The search terms included Mycobacterium avium complex, MAC, amikacin, and liposomal amikacin.

Results
After reviewing 1284 records, four papers met the inclusion criteria, including three clinical trials and one prospective cohort study. These studies showed that adding LAI to guideline-based therapies can increase sputum culture conversion rate and achieve early sustained (negative sputum culture results for 12 months with treatment) and durable (negative sputum culture results for three months after treatment) negative sputum culture. In addition, extended LAI use was a potential benefit in patients considered refractory to initial treatment. The most prevalent treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) reported in the LAI group were the respiratory TEAE.

Conclusions
LAI could increase the sputum culture conversion rate and achieve early sustainable, durable negative sputum culture. However, additional large-scale research is required to confirm the results.