bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management issues of cropping with sorghum in the production structure - a case study of Hungary
Authors: Felföldi János , Sulyok Dénes , Czakó Iván , Kovács Krisztián 
Published: February 2023

One of the goals of the developments is to improve the efficiency of the activity by making the currently used traditional production structure more flexible and by making the necessary changes to the technology in the case of farmers with large agricultural land, having necessary machinery and equipments required. Farms with larger arables land are able to offset the effects of changes affecting efficacy and profitability. The main sector of Hungarian agriculture is crop production, so performance is largely determined by the annual output of the crop production sector and the price development of crop products. In the course of our analytical work, we defined a farm of 2100 hectares, for which we examined crop production, crop machinery and economic aspects. From the enterprise data, farm level results compiled according to the crop structure were calculated. Sorghum is suitable for replacing corn in the crop rotation in areas with unfavorable conditions, so a stably growing crop can be added to the crop rotation of autumn ears of corn, rape, and sunflower, instead of corn. It does not hinder the machinery modernization efforts either, since the precision tools and developments already started in corn production can be used well, and it does not require a special equipment park. At the same time, in light of the increasingly frequent negative climatic effects, sorghum’s integration into the plant production structure is encouraging, because we have to count on 3-4 drought years in a decade. Based on our analysis, the inclusion of sorghum in the crop structure does not significantly reduce the available income, which is acceptable in the given economic environment. However, its stability can significantly contribute to improving the resilience of farming, especially in comparison with corn.
JEL Code: Q12
Technical efficiency of dairy farms in rural Nigeria
Authors: Adeleye Oluwakemi Rachael ADELEYE , Kovács Krisztián 
Published: February 2023

The study assessed the technical efficiency of Nigerian dairy farms. Information on 73 dairy farms was obtained from the General Household Survey (GHS Panel) for the year 2018-2019 wave, and the method of analysis employed include descriptive statistics and Data Envelopment Analysis Model. The findings show that not all the farms sampled are technically efficient, which means they can still utilize their input resources more effectively. The average level of technical efficiency of sampled farms was 83%; this suggests from the technical point of view that there exist an opportunity for expansion of milk production and revenue using the same level of inputs at present and putting to use effectively available technologies by 17%. Furthermore, results also show that farms that practice grazing systems, those located in the northern part of Nigeria and small farm sizes, have higher T.E. overall.
JEL Classifications: Q12, Q1, R15
Kriminalisasi dalam Tindak Pidana terhadap Penetapan Hasil Pemilihan Umum
Authors: Oktobrian Dwiki 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT: The stages of determining election results have important characteristics; because it determines the party who wins the election and, at the same time, proves the legality and legitimacy of holding the election. Nevertheless, there are various problems regarding the formulation of policies in criminal acts related to the determination of election results. This research on the formulation of criminal acts associated with election results is normative research with a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a comparative approach. This legal research aims to discuss the formulation of the crime of 'late setting election results' and 'not determining election results; while at the same time reviewing future projections by formulating an ideal formulation regarding the formulation of the criminal act of determining election results. The results of the study state that the formulation of criminalization policies in illegal acts related to the determination of election results is regulated to meet various legal problems, including the dimensions of action, the dimensions of criminal responsibility, and the dimensions of criminal sanctions. Then, by taking references from Canada and Kenya, the projections of the formulation are prepared by specifying two objects of action, namely the act of not determining the election results and the act of being late in determining the election results as a crime. Completing the formulation was followed by a complete determination of the subject of a criminal offense accompanied by intentional errors and the formulation of flexibility-based sanctions oriented to avoiding sentencing disparities.
KEYWORDS: Criminalization, Criminal Act, Determination of General Election Result
Investigasi Efektivitas Pengolahan Air tercemar Limbah Tekstil Menggunakan Filter Kombinasi
Authors: Kristiani Anugerah Tiffanyputri , Saka Channy , Sutanto Maria Kevinia , Kurniawan Vittorio 
Published: February 2023

Industri tekstil merupakan salah satu polutan terbesar di salah satu sungai stategis di Indonesia, Sungai Citarum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari alternatif untuk meningkatkan kualitas air sungai melalui kombinasi sistem pengolahan air limbah menggunakan geotekstil, karbon aktif, biji Hibiscus sabdariffa dan clinoptilolite. Material-material ini berfungsi untuk memisahkan air dari limbah padat dan limbah kimiawi terutama logam berat. Sampel air yang digunakan adalah air yang dimodifikasi untuk menyerupai mutu air Sungai Citarum yang tercemar limbah. Sampel sintetis ini dialirkan ke unit filtrasi dengan urutan geotekstil, Hibiscus sabdariffa, dan clinoptilolite. Sampel sintetis sebelum dan sesudah disaring lalu diuji di laboratorium. Hasilnya menunjukkan pengurangan kontaminan secara signifikan di bawah ambang maksimum berdasarkan berbagai ketentuan. Dengan penelitian lebih lanjut, material-material ini dapat diterapkan sebagai alternatif untuk mengatasi kontaminasi air akibat limbah.

Textile industry is one of the biggest pollutants of Citarum River which is a very strategic river in Indonesia. This study aims to find alternative on improving the river’s water quality by the combined system of geotextile, activated carbon, Hibiscus sabdariffa seeds, and clinoptilolite. Their role is to separate water from solid waste and chemical waste especially heavy metal. The water sample used is water modified to replicate the actual Citarum River’s water quality which has been contaminated. This synthetic sample is driven to the filtration unit by the order of geotextile, Hibiscus sabdariffa, and clinoptilolite. The pre-treatment and post-treatment synthetic sample is examined in laboratory. The test reveals promising result as the filter system reduces the amount of contamination below the thresholds determined by various standards. With further researches, these materials can potentially be implemented as an alternative in combating effluent contamination
PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM PENYEDIAAN AIR MINUM BERDASARKAN SKALA PRIORITAS DI KECAMATAN JENGGAWAH
Authors: Mahendra Moh. Andre Hasan , Badriani Ririn Endah , Rohman Abdur 
Published: February 2023

Kecamatan Jenggawah merupakan salah satu kecamatan di Kabupaten Jember yang belum terlayani oleh jaringan perpipaan PDAM dan jaringan HIPPAM atau PAMSIMAS yang belum cukup tersebar sehingga untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air, masyarakat menggunakan sumur gali dan atau sumur bor. Perencanaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prioritas wilayah pengembangan perencanaan sistem penyediaan air minum Kecamatan Jenggawah ditinjau dari tingkat keberminatan, pendanaan masyarakat dan kebutuhan air. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer berupa data survey keberminatan tiap desa, pendanaan, kebutuhan air, dan hasil kuesioner penilaian AHP. Data sekunder meliputi peta administrasi dan data kependudukan. Hasil analisis AHP menunjukkan bahwa desa yang layak mendapatkan prioritas utama pelayanan PDAM menurut skala prioritas adalah Desa Jenggawah, diikuti Desa Wonojati, Desa Sruni, Desa Jatisari, dan yang terakhir Desa Kertonegoro. Pelayanan non-PDAM (HIPPAM/PAMSIMAS) di Kecamatan Jenggawah menurut analisis skala prioritas yaitu Desa Cangkring sebagai desa dengan prioritas utama, yang diikuti Desa Kemuningsari dan selanjutnya Desa Jatimulyo.
Pengembangan Sistem Lidar Pendeteksi Jarak Aman Berkendara
Authors: Widiasaputra Putu Mahastra , Bawa I Kadek Arta , Suartawan Putu Eka , Fitriani Dewi , Aryuni Mita , Sasue Riz Rifai Oktavianus 
Published: February 2023

Front-rear accident is a type of accident that often occurs in Indonesia. There were 16,045 accidents recorded during the January-October 2021 period. One of the causes of this accident was the driver's lack of awareness regarding safe driving distance. The purpose of this study is to develop a tool that can detect a safe driving distance to minimize accidents by giving a warning to the driver. This type of research is applied research that produces a simple prototype by utilizing a microcontroller, a sensor to detect distance in the form of Lidar, and a sensor to detect vehicle speed in the form of a Neo-6M GPS module. Lidar’s proximity sensors aim to obtain high distance and accuracy. Based on the results of the trials that have been carried out, the results show that this prototype functions well where the error generated for measuring distance is 0% and the speed error is 0%-3.3%.
ABSTRAK
Kecelakaan depan-belakang merupakan tipe kecelakaan yang sering kali terjadi di Indonesia. Tercatat jumlah kecelakaan yang pernah terjadi sebanyak 16.045 selama periode Januari-Oktober 2021. Salah satu penyebab dari kecelakaan ini adalah kurangnya kesadaran pengemudi mengenai jarak aman berkendara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan suatu alat yang bisa mendeteksi jarak aman berkendara untuk meminimalisir kecelakaan dengan memberi peringatan kepada pengemudi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian terapan (applied research) yang menghasilkan prototype sederhana dengan memanfaatkan microcontroller, sensor untuk mendeteksi jarak berupa Lidar, dan sensor untuk mendeteksi kecepatan kendaraan berupa Modul GPS Neo-6M. Penggunaan Lidar untuk sensor jarak bertujuan agar mendapat jarak dan akurasi yang tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba yang telah dilakukan didapatkan hasil bahwa prototype ini berfungsi dengan baik dimana error yang dihasilkan untuk mengukur jarak adalah sebesar 0% dan error kecepatan sebesar 0%-3,3%.
Dual-task performance in seniors with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease: a longitudinal study
Authors: Silva Danielle C. P. S. , Ansai Juliana H. , Melo Laura M. , Ferreira Ana Carolina V. , Rossi Paulo G. , Vale Francisco A. C. , Andrade Larissa P. 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND: Motor performance in older adults with cognitive impairment is worse under dual task conditions, increasing the risk of falls. However, there is a lack of studies that analyze this performance over time in people with different cognitive profiles.
AIM: This study aimed to compare the performance of an isolated task and a dual task in people with preserved cognition (PrC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer`s disease (AD).
METHOD: Data were collected on two occasions (T1; T2), thirty-two months apart. Participants (n=51) were separated between groups: PrC (n=22), MCI (n=19) and AD (n=10). They were analyzed in three situations: 1) isolated motor task - Timed up and go test (TUGT); 2) cognitive-motor test (CMT)– dialing on the phone; 3) dual task (DT). To compare the performance of the dual task between the groups, delta was calculated and the ANCOVA test was applied.
RESULTS: Although the cost of the dual task was not significantly different over time in any group, we found increases in the time required to complete the TUGT (p<0.01) and TUGT-DT (p>0.01) after 32 months in the AD group and a reduction in time in the PrC and MCI groups. A greater number of steps in the TUGT-DT (p<0.01) and an increase in cadence in the TUGT (p=0.01) and TUGT-DT (p<0.01) were also found in the AD group.
CONCLUSION:We suggest that a more functional task, such as walking while typing on the phone, may be considered a more sensitive way of assessing older adults with AD.
Analyzing factors influencing wild boar damage and verifying the effect of countermeasures in a regional park located in a mountainous area
Authors: TAMURA Shota , YOKOYAMA Makoto , BAMRUNGKHUL Settawut , NGAMSIRIUDOM Tarnrawee , KATANO Yuki , KANEMOTO Hiroki , CHIBA Yuria , HIRANO Kazuki , MIZUSAWA Katsuya , GOTO Taku , NISHIMURA Jumpei , MATSUURA Michihiro , MIGITERA Tomoya , YAMAGA Riki , ARAKI Ryota , KITAZAWA Masaki , SHIROMOTO Taiki , Isho SOGAME , FUKUDA Momoka , YAMAMOTO Yuki , Tanaka Takahiro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In recent years, the habitat distribution of wild boar has expanded in Japan, and the damage caused by wild boar has been significantly increased. In Bingo Sports Park, a regional park, wild boar damage has also been increasingly severe. To take effective measures, it is necessary to understand where wild boars enter the park, how they move through it, and where the damage is caused. Therefore, this study examines both environmental characteristics inside and outside the park and behavioral characteristics of wild boar using drones, sensor technology and GIS, and then clarifies the main factors contributing to wild boar damage based on t-test analysis and logistic regression analysis. In addition, countermeasures such as installing electric fences and repellents were taken, and their effectiveness was verified. There were three main findings. First, the behavioral pattern of wild boars was found to be likely to enter from valleys and usually move on roads in the park. Second, the wild boars tend to cause more damage in areas with more natural land cover and closer to roads and valleys. Third, the countermeasures have a significant effect on reducing wild boar damage since the amount of damage in the multi-purposed field-installed countermeasure was too small.
Hydro-geochemistry and application of water quality index (WQI) for ground water quality assessment, Wadi Al-Samen –Hebron – West Bank
Authors: Al-Tamimi Waseem , Azaza Fadoua Hamzaoui , Ghanem Marwan , Bouhalila Rachida 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Evaluation of irrigation suitability was performed using parameters of Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), electric conductivity (EC), and Salinity. The results in both rounds for EC showed that all water sources are suitable for irrigation according to Todd’s classification. SAR wasn't found unsuitable in three water resources samples. Wilcox analysis for the two seasons revealed that 85% of samples are not appropriate for irrigation uses.
Located south of the West Bank, Wadi Al-Samen is considered one of the most important sources of groundwater recharge. It is polluted by sewage originating from domestic and industrial consumption in the Hebron area. Water quality assessment is an important criterion for achieving sustainable development. To evaluate water quality, twenty samples were collected from groundwater sources for two seasons; geochemical methods were used for the sample result analysis. To characterize wastewater components, six samples were collected from the Wadi discharge for two seasons.
The results of nitrate levels showed that 20% of the samples exceeded the standard limit of the World Health Organization (WHO).The quality of drinking water was assessed using the Water Quality Index (WQI), which suggests that 10% of samples are classified from poor to very poor.
The abundance of cations from highest to lowest was found to be: Ca; Mg; Na, and for the anions it is HCO3; Cl; SO4. Rock interaction is a hydrochemical method for describing the main mechanisms that govern the chemistry of groundwater. The dominant hydrochemical facies of 35% of collected aquifer samples reveal that Ca-Mg-Na-Cl-HCO3 are in the domain.
MicEMD: An open-source platform for modeling, inversion, and classification in electromagnetic underground metal target detection
Authors: Shi Haodong , Wan Yadong , Zhang Xiaotong , Wang Peng , Wang Xiaofen , Liu Wen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Underground metal target detection mainly aims to estimate the attributes of underground metal targets and classify metal targets based on observed data. Electromagnetic induction(EMI) methods have been widely used in the field because of the high precision and strong penetration to metal targets. The development and improvement of electromagnetic underground metal target detection methods can be implemented by a framework that is experimental supporting, modular, and extensible. In this paper, we organize the components of electromagnetic underground metal target detection in a comprehensive, modular and extensible framework. Furthermore, we created an open-source platform of the framework in Python called MicEMD(Modeling, Inversion, and Classification in ElectroMagnetic Detection, https://github.com/UndergroundDetection/MICEMD. The graphical user interface(GUI) and the library with a Python application programming interface(API) are contained in MicEMD. Included in MicEMD are staggered frequency-domain and time-domain electromagnetic forward modeling, least-squares inversion, and data-based classification methods at present. MicEMD's capabilities are presented by two synthetic case studies. The first example shows the application of frequency-domain inversion. The second example shows the application of time-domain classification. It is anticipated that MicEMD offers a flexible tool in electromagnetic underground metal target detection.
Flood Modeling of Imus River Basin, Cavite, Philippines at Different Climate and Land Cover Change Scenarios
Authors: Dizon Jose Carlo R. , Luyun Roger A. , Lampayan Rubenito M. , Dorado Moises A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

The Imus River contributes to the flooding in the lowland areas of Cavite province. This study aimed to assess the flood risk of the Imus River Basin at different rainfall and land use change scenarios. The hydrologic model of the upstream basin was developed in Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC) - Hydrologic Modeling System (HMS) and subjected to calibration and validation. The simulated hydrograph fitted very well with observed data as indicated by the NSE, Percent Bias (PBIAS), and Ratio of Root Mean Square Error (RSR) values of 0.903, -0.0376, and 0.3, respectively during calibration, and 0.818, -0.044, and 0.40, respectively after validation. Sensitivity analysis showed that the storage coefficient had the greatest effect while the initial abstraction had the least effect on the model results. With a constant increase of 2.08% in built-up areas from 2015 to 2025 based on the land cover surveys, the peak discharge increased by 2.33% and runoff volume by 1.86% on average. The downstream hydraulic model was done using in Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC) – River Analysis System (RAS) and flood maps for normal and climate change-affected conditions were generated to show the extent of flooding. Areas affected by the flood were those situated in the cities of Imus and Bacoor and some portion of the municipality of Kawit.
Terrain Effect of Hainan Island during Intensification of Typhoon Son-Tinh (2012)
Authors: Chen Shumin , Zhou Mingsen , Li Weibiao , Tu Chaoyong , Zhang Aoqi , Chen Yilun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
When approaching the strait between the Indochinese Peninsula and Hainan Island, a tropical cyclone (TC) could keep intensifying even though underlying air–sea latent heat fluxes are weakening. Typhoon Son-Tinh had a similar behavior in 2012. In this study, we conducted numerical simulations of Typhoon Son-Tinh (2012) using the Weather Research and Forecasting model and examined the terrain effects of Hainan Island during TC intensification. We conducted a control (CTL) experiment, a sensitivity experiment in which the terrain of the entire Hainan Island was removed (WkIsland), and a second sensitivity experiment in which most of the terrain of the island was preserved while the terrain effect of Wuzhi Mountain was reduced (WkMountain). The air–sea variables related to TC intensification, including air–sea latent and sensible heat fluxes, vertical wind shear, and low-layer relative and potential vorticities, over the period of TC intensification were analyzed. Results show that the TC in CTL was generally the strongest; the TC in WkMountain was weaker than that in WkIsland. This is possibly caused by lower relative and potential vorticities in the sensitivity experiments; vorticity in WkMountain was also lower than that in WkIsland. Vorticities decreased when the terrain effect of Wuzhi Mountain was reduced. Vorticities increased slightly when the terrain effect of the entire island was removed because of increase in wind speed. Differences between sensitivity and CTL experiments in other air–sea factors, including latent heat flux, were smaller than those in vorticities.
Endocytosis is regulated through the pH-dependent phosphorylation of Rab GTPases by Parkinson’s kinase LRRK2
Authors: Maxson Michelle , Huynh Kassidy , Grinstein Sergio 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
While it has been known for decades that luminal acidification is required for normal traffic along the endocytic pathway, the precise underlying mechanism(s) remain unknown. We found that dissipation of the endomembrane pH gradient resulted in acute formation of large Rab5- or Rab7-positive vacuoles. Vacuole formation was associated with and required hyperactivation of the Rabs, which was attributable to impaired GTPase activity, despite normal recruitment of cognate GAPs. Surprisingly, LRRK2 –a kinase linked to Parkinson’s disease– was recruited to endomembranes and markedly activated upon dissipation of luminal acidification. LRRK2 phosphorylated Rab GTPases, rendering them insensitive to deactivation. Importantly, genetic deletion of LRRK2 prevented the ∆pH-induced vacuolation, implying that the kinase is required to modulate vesicular traffic. We propose that by dictating the state of activation of LRRK2 and in turn that of Rab GTPases, the development of a progressive luminal acidification serves as a timing device to control endocytic maturation.