bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid Ink Laser Patterning for High‐Resolution Information Labels with Supervised Learning Readout
Authors: Ronneberger Sebastian , Zhang Junfang , Liu Yuxin , Loeffler Felix F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTagging, tracking, or validation of products are often facilitated by inkjet‐printed optical information labels. However, this requires thorough substrate pretreatment, ink optimization, and often lacks in printing precision/resolution. Herein, a printing method based on laser‐driven deposition of solid polymer ink that allows for printing on various substrates without pretreatment is demonstrated. Since the deposition process has a precision of <1 µm, it can introduce the concept of sub‐positions with overlapping spots. This enables high‐resolution fluorescent labels with comparable spot‐to‐spot distance of down to 15 µm (444,444 spots cm−2) and rapid machine learning‐supported readout based on low‐resolution fluorescence imaging. Furthermore, the defined thickness of the printed polymer ink spots can be used to fabricate multi‐channel information labels. Additional information can be stored in different fluorescence channels or in a hidden topography channel of the label that is independent of the fluorescence.
High‐Performance Dual‐Salt Plastic Crystal Electrolyte Enabled by Succinonitrile‐Regulated Porous Polymer Host
Authors: Bao Dequan , Tao Yi , Zhong Yihong , Zhao Wei , Peng Mingfa , Zhang Hao , Sun Xuhui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSuccinonitrile (SN)‐based plastic crystal electrolytes (PCE) show great promise for solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs) because of their outstanding electrochemical properties. However, limited by the low mechanical strength of SN, SN‐based PCEs are difficult to act as an independent self‐supporting electrolyte films, which seriously restricts their practical application. In this study, a SN‐regulated poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) porous host is proposed via a facile phase separation method as a promising strategy for addressing this issue, which enables a high‐performance dual‐salt SN‐based PCE (named as DPCE). The as‐prepared host simultaneously provides homogeneous porous network and robust mechanical support, which is convenient to accommodate DPCE evenly and increases the strength of DPCE to restrict dendrites growth. As a result, with this efficient host, the Li symmetric cell assembled with DPCE shows superior long‐term stability for >1200 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm−2. Moreover, the assembled Li|LiFePO4 cell delivers a high‐capacity retention of 99.3% after 700 cycles under 2 C at room temperature, demonstrating the promising potential for developing high‐performance solid‐state LMBs.
Synergetic Excess PbI2 and Reduced Pb Leakage Management Strategy for 24.28% Efficient, Stable and Eco‐Friendly Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Yuhong , Xu Lin , Wu Yanjie , Zhang Huan , Zeng Fancong , Xing Jiahe , Liu Bin , Qi Yu , Dong Biao , Bai Xue , Song Hongwei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroducing excess PbI2 has proven to be an effective in situ passivation strategy for enhancing efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Nevertheless, the photoinstability and hysteresis are still tough issues owing to the photolysis nature of PbI2. Moreover, the humidity‐related degradation of perovskite films is also a difficult territory to cover in such an in situ passivation strategy. Herein, a synergistic strategy is reported via initiatively inducing vertical graded PbI2 distribution (GPD) in the whole perovskite film and capping a cis‐Ru(H2dcbpy)(dnbpy)(NCS)2 (Z907) internal encapsulation (IE) layer on the surface to ameliorate the above issues. The GPD design can enhance luminescence, prolong carrier lifetimes, ascertaining the improvement of efficiency and elimination of photoinstability in the PSCs. Besides, the introduced IE layer not only can promote the moisture and thermal resistance, but also inhibit Pb leakage and ion migration in the PSCs. Through the synergetic regulations, the resultant PSCs exhibit an impressive open circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.253 V, fill factor of 81.25%, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.28%. Moreover, the PSCs maintain 91% of its initial PCE at relative humidity of 85% after 500 h aging and 94% under continuous heating at 85 °C after 750 h aging.
Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with a Fill Factor Over 86% via Surface Modification of the Nickel Oxide Hole Contact
Authors: Li Chunyan , Zhang Yao , Zhang Xiaojun , Zhang Peng , Yang Xudong , Chen Han 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe poor interface quality between nickel oxide (NiOx) and halide perovskites limits the performance and stability of NiOx‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here a reactive surface modification approach based on the in situ decomposition of urea on the NiOx surface is reported. The pyrolysis of urea can reduce the high‐valence state of nickel and replace the adsorbed hydroxyl group with isocyanate. Combining theoretical and experimental analyses, the treated NiOx films present suppressed surface states and improved transport energy level alignment with the halide perovskite absorber. With this strategy, NiOx‐based PSCs achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.61% and a fill factor of over 86%. The device's efficiency remains above 90% after 2000 h of thermal aging at 85 °C. Furthermore, perovskite solar modules achieve PCE values of 18.97% and 17.18% for areas of 16 and 196 cm2, respectively.
Fabricating Tunable Superhydrophobic Surfaces Enabled by Surface‐Initiated Emulsion Polymerization in Water
Authors: Gong Lu , Yang Wenshuai , Sun Yongxiang , Zhou Chengliang , Wu Feiyi , Zeng Hongbo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFabricating controllable superhydrophobic surfaces remains challenging in various fields ranging from chemical industries to biomedical engineering. Conventional methods commonly require volatile organic solvents and the assistance of special surface deposition and modification equipment, which are detrimental to environment and limit their applications in micro‐devices. Herein, an equipment‐free method is reported to directly transform fluorinated monomer micro‐droplets into hydrophobic polymer particles on flat substrate surfaces in water, simultaneously depositing hydrophobic coatings with tunable surface structures. The as‐prepared surfaces show superior superhydrophobicity and great stability in extreme conditions (e.g., varying acidity, basicity, and heating conditions), and excellent anti‐fouling property. Meanwhile, surface hydrophobicity can be manipulated by adjusting emulsion droplet number density and reaction time. Hence, superhydrophobic surfaces with tunable hydrophobicity gradients have been successfully fabricated in one pot. This study provides an equipment‐free method to facilely fabricate controllable superhydrophobic surfaces, with great potential in the development of smart superhydrophobic materials in various engineering and industrial applications.
Wearable Organic Electrochemical Transistor Array for Skin‐Surface Electrocardiogram Mapping Above a Human Heart
Authors: Yang Anneng , Song Jiajun , Liu Hong , Zhao Zeyu , Li Li , Yan Feng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractElectrocardiogram (ECG) mapping can provide vital information in sports training and cardiac disease diagnosis. However, most electronic devices for monitoring ECG signals need to use multiple long wires, which limit their wearability and conformability in practical applications, while wearable ECG mapping based on integrated sensor arrays has been rarely reported. Herein, ultra‐flexible organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) arrays used for wearable ECG mapping on the skin surface above a human heart are presented. QRS complexes of ECG signals at different recording distances and directions relative to the heart are obtained. Furthermore, the ECG signals are successfully analyzed by the devices before and after exercise, indicating potential applications in some sports training and fitness scenarios. The OECT arrays that can conveniently monitor spacial ECG signals in the heart region may find niche applications in wearable electronics and healthcare products in the future.
Versatile Assembly of Metal–Phenolic Network Foams Enabled by Tannin–Cellulose Nanofibers
Authors: Mattos Bruno D. , Zhu Ya , Tardy Blaise L. , Beaumont Marco , Ribeiro Ana Carolina R. , Missio André L. , Otoni Caio G. , Rojas Orlando J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMetal–phenolic network (MPN) foams are prepared using colloidal suspensions of tannin‐containing cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) that are ice‐templated and thawed in ethanolic media in the presence of metal nitrates. The MPN facilitates the formation of solid foams by air drying, given the strength and self‐supporting nature of the obtained tannin–cellulose nanohybrid structures. The porous characteristics and (dry and wet) compression strength of the foams are rationalized by the development of secondary, cohesive metal‐phenolic layers combined with a hydrogen bonding network involving the CNF. The shrinkage of the MPN foams is as low as 6% for samples prepared with 2.5–10% tannic acid (or condensed tannin at 2.5%) with respect to CNF content. The strength of the MPN foams reaches a maximum at 10% tannic acid (using Fe(III) ions), equivalent to a compressive strength 70% higher than that produced with tannin‐free CNF foams. Overall, a straightforward framework is introduced to synthesize MPN foams whose physical and mechanical properties are tailored by the presence of tannins as well as the metal ion species that enable the metal–phenolic networking. Depending on the metal ion, the foams are amenable to modification according to the desired application.
Amorphous MoOx with High Oxophilicity Interfaced with PtMo Alloy Nanoparticles Boosts Anti‐CO Hydrogen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Luo Heng , Wang Kai , Lin Fangxu , Lv Fan , Zhou Jinhui , Zhang Weiyu , Wang Dawei , Zhang Wenshu , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Luo Mingchuan , Guo Shaojun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAdvancing electrocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen oxidation/evolution reaction (HOR/HER) is essential for anion exchange membrane‐based devices. The state‐of‐the‐art Pt‐based electrocatalysts for alkaline HOR suffer from low intrinsic activities and severe CO poisoning due to the challenge of simultaneously optimizing surface adsorption toward different adsorbates. Herein, this challenge is overcome by tuning an atomic MoOx layer with high oxophilicity onto PtMo nanoparticles (NPs) with optimized Had, OHad, and COad adsorption for boosting anti‐CO‐poisoning hydrogen‐cycle electrocatalysis in alkaline media. For alkaline HOR, this catalyst exhibits high kinetics and an exchange current density of 3.19 mA µgPt−1 at 50 mV versus reversible hydrogen electrode and 0.83 mA cmPt−2, 10.3‐ and 3.8‐fold higher than those of commercial Pt/C, respectively. For alkaline HER, it achieves an unprecedented overpotential of 37 mV at 10 mA cm−2. Experimental and theoretical studies show that the orchestrated electronic and oxophilic regulation of the PtMo/MoOx interface NPs simultaneously optimizes Had and OHad adsorption for boosting alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis, whereas reactive oxygen from the amorphous MoOx atomic layer lowers the CO oxidation reaction barrier, leading to superior anti‐poisoning ability even at 100 ppm CO.
BN‐Bond‐Embedded Triplet Terpolymers with Small Singlet–Triplet Energy Gaps for Suppressing Non‐Radiative Recombination and Improving Blend Morphology in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Pang Bo , Liao Chentong , Xu Xiaopeng , Peng Shaoqian , Xia Jianlong , Guo Yuanyuan , Xie Yuan , Chen Yuting , Duan Chunhui , Wu Hongbin , Li Ruipeng , Peng Qiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSuppressing the photon energy loss (Eloss), especially the non‐radiative loss, is of importance to further improve the device performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, typical π‐conjugated semiconductors possess a large singlet–triplet energy gap (ΔEST), leading to a lower triplet state than charge transfer state and contributing to a non‐radiative loss channel of the photocurrent by the triplet state. Herein, a series of triplet polymer donors are developed by introducing a BNIDT block into the PM6 polymer backbone. The high electron affinity of BNIDT and the opposite resonance effect of the BN bond in BNIDT results in a lowered highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and a largely reduced ΔEST. Moreover, the morphology of the active blends is also optimized by fine‐tuning the BNIDT content. Therefore, non‐radiative recombination via the terminal triplet loss channels and morphology traps is effectively suppressed. The PNB‐3 (with 3% BNIDT):L8‐BO device exhibits both small ΔEST and optimized morphology, favoring more efficient charge transfer and transport. Finally, the simultaneously enhanced Voc of 0.907 V, Jsc of 26.59 mA cm−2, and FF of 78.86% contribute to a champion PCE of 19.02%. Therefore, introducing BN bonds into benchmark polymers is a possible avenue toward higher‐performance of OSCs.
Multiway Softness Polyurethane Elastomeric Composite with Enhanced Thermal Conductivity and Application as Thermal Interface Materials
Authors: Zhou Wei , Wang Weixuan , Shi Hengyi , Zeng Xiaoliang , Li Junhong , Pang Yunsong , Chang Yu‐Chung , Sun Rong , Ren Linlin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe ever‐increasing computing power in modern electronics comes with significant heat waste that can't be ignored. For microchips to dissipate heat efficiently, thermal interface materials (TIMs) are the most critical components in semiconductor packaging. Soft elastomer composites are often used as TIMs due to their large‐strain reversible deformability with a small external force. For TIMs to cushion between the microchip and heat spreader, they must have high thermal conductivity and temperature‐tunable softness to reduce thermal resistance and relieve the warpage failure caused by thermal stress. However, thermal conductivity and softness are interrelated and restrict each other. To address this challenge, a radical strategy of introducing dynamic covalent bonds in the polyurethane/aluminum composite is used. The reversible and low energy of dynamic imine bonds along with the lengthening of the Khun segment in the crosslinking network imbues the material with temperature‐tunable softness function while maintaining high thermal conductivity. The resulting polyurethane elastomer (PUE) composite exhibits remarkable thermal conductivity (6.90 W m−1 K−1), low thermal resistance (0.13 K cm2 W−1), and excellent softness (elastic modulus 759.50 kPa, and stretchability 140.30%). This work provides a practical method to design thermally conductive and temperature‐tunable soft elastomer composites as TIMs in semiconductor packaging.
Liquid Metal‐Based Organohydrogels for Wearable Flexible Electronics
Authors: Chen Bin , Liu Guanglei , Wu Minying , Cao Yudong , Zhong Haibin , Shen Jianfeng , Ye Mingxin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCurrently, developing organohydrogel‐based wearable flexible electronics (WFEs) has aroused intensive research interest, since they possess superior environmental stabilities than hydrogel‐based WFEs, but the development of organohydrogels is still in the infant stage. Herein, an efficient strategy is developed to achieve the fast preparation of organohydrogels by exploring the high reactivity of eutectic gallium–indium alloy in inducing radical polymerization, and constructing the glycerol/water binary solvent system. The obtained organohydrogels, named liquid metal‐based ion‐conducting organohydrogels (LMIOs), possess excellent environmental adaptability over a wide temperature range (−20 to 100 °C) and high transparency. With outstanding mechanical properties and self‐healing abilities, LMIOs can act as strain sensors, showing high sensing sensitivities in broad strain range (0.1–1000%) and fast response speed (<100 ms). Therefore, LMIOs perform well in sensing strains from human motions. Besides, LMIOs can be constructed on latex gloves and prosthetic fingers, forming an LMIO skin on their surfaces. The latex gloves equipped with the LMIO skin can accurately recognize the gesture changes of users. The LMIO skin on the prosthetic finger behaves like human skin, possessing the capability to detect the finger's movements and self‐healing ability. Hence, LMIOs present great prospects in skin‐attachable devices, robotics, and prosthetics.
Liquid Metal Enabled Elastic Conductive Fibers for Self‐Powered Wearable Sensors
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zhang Desuo , Chen Yuyue , Lin Hong , Zhou Xinran , Zhang Yufan , Xiong Jiaqing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRealizing stretchable conductive fibers with a trade‐off between stretchability and conductivity is important for wearables. Fibrous triboelectric nanogenerators (FTENGs) represent a promising device for wearable power sources and self‐powered sensors. However, the relationship between conductivity and triboelectric outputs of FTENG remains unfathomed. Herein, a simple strategy for fabricating stretchable conductive fibers with binary rigid‐soft conductive components and dynamic compensation conductive capability is reported. Wet‐spun thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/silver flakes (AgFKs) (TA) composite fiber is fabricated and coated by a water‐borne polyurethane (WPU) thin layer, bridging the subsequent liquid metal (LM) coating to obtain TPU/AgFKs/WPU/LM (TAWL) fibers. The TAWL fiber shows outstanding elongation (~600% strain), electrical conductivity of ~2 Ω cm−1 (~3125 S cm−1), and reversible resistance response within 70% tensile strain. Encapsulated by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), the TAWL fiber is demonstrated as single electrode FTENG with the maximum output voltage, current, and transferred charge of 7.5 V, 167 nA, and 3.2 nC, respectively. The FTENG shows 150% stretchability without output dropping, demonstrating the superiority of TAWL fibers to sustain large deformation and conductivity degradation but maintain stable triboelectric outputs. As self‐powered sensors, the FTENG can detect joint bending such as for fingers, elbows, and knees, as well as for pressure and location identification.
Multiple Flexibilities Trigger Luminescent Piezochromism of Closely Packed Cu(I) Coordination Polymers
Authors: Chen Wan‐Tao , Chen Ling , Liang Zhen‐Yu , Mo Zong‐Wen , Ye Jia‐Wen , Chen Xiao‐Ming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe packing states of luminescent molecules can be affected by external stimuli, leading to changes in the emission energy. Compared with the traditional organics and metal−organic frameworks, closely packed coordination polymers (CPs) have more transition types and better stabilities, respectively. However, little attention is paid to the closely packed CPs in the field of piezochromism, and much less to the corresponding optical mechanism. For studying the effect of molecular structure and the energy transfer on piezochromism, ten [Cu2I2] cluster‐based CPs with bridging aromatic ligands and terminal triphenylphosphine ligands are constructed to explore the pressure‐dependent luminescence, especially the influences of bridging ligand length, supramolecular interactions, and halogen atoms on the wavelength shift for luminescent piezochromism. In these CPs, the conformational and structural flexibilities can be effectively increased by lengthening the bridging ligand and addition of pendent methyl groups in the phosphine ligands, respectively, resulting in more obvious piezochromism. In addition, the XLCT/MLCT ratios are efficiently modulated by adjusting the flexibility of halogen electron cloud, which further affects the piezochromic property. Upon the combined effect of multiple flexibilities, a closely packed CP with a large wavelength shift (77 nm) and reversible piezochromism is found.
Electronic Structures and NLO Properties of a Series of TMDs Lateral‐Core–Shell Heterostructures Quantum Dots
Authors: Li Danting , Wei Yadong , Hu Yangyang , Zhang Guiling , Li Weiqi , Yang JianQun , Li XingJi , Tian Wei Quan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe electronic structures and nonlinear optical (NLO) responses of eight triangle group‐VI transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) lateral‐core–shell heterostructures quantum dots (QDs) [MaX2MbX2 and MXa2MXb2; M (Ma, Mb) = Mo and W; X (Xa, Xb) = S and Se] have been explored by using quantum chemistry method. Frontier molecular orbital (FMOs) analyses indicate that the triangular frameworks with more active W and/or Se atoms at shell have smaller energy gaps than those with Mo and/or S atoms, and the active sites of the ultra‐small TMD heterostructures mainly locate at the edge and/or the corner of the frameworks. Generally speaking, active atoms at the shell are beneficial to the enhancement of the frequency‐dependent first hyperpolarizabilities compared with the active atoms in the cores. First hyperpolarizability density analyses show that the local contributions of the first hyperpolarizability in x direction is mainly located at the left and right corners, while that in y direction is mainly located at the bottom edge and top corner, confirming the important role that the shell of the TMDs lateral‐core–shell heterostructure QDs play in its NLO response. Further, the electronic transitions contributed to the SHG responses also occur at the shell of these triangular frameworks.
Defoliation management affects performance of alfalfa–bermudagrass mixtures in the southeastern United States
Authors: Harling John , Rios Esteban , Henrique de Souza Cleber , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Dubeux José C. , Wallau Marcelo O. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOverseeding alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) into grass swards increases forage nutritive value and reduces N fertilizer requirement. In warm climates, establishing and maintaining alfalfa in mixtures with vigorous C4 grasses is challenging, which makes adjustment of defoliation management critical. The objective of this 2‐year study was to determine optimal harvest stubble height (SH; 5, 10, and 15 cm) and cutting interval (CI; 2, 4, and 6 weeks) for two alfalfa genotypes (“Bulldog 805,” and breeding line UF Alf Pers 2015 [UF 2015‐AP]) in mixture with “Tifton 85” bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.). When statistical differences occurred, shorter SH resulted in greater mixture forage accumulation (FA), with this effect generally more pronounced for UF 2015‐AP than Bulldog 805, and for CI of 6 weeks than 2 or 4 weeks. Genotype did not affect alfalfa FA, but alfalfa FA was least for the 2‐week CI for all SH levels, and greatest for the 5‐cm SH when CI was 4 weeks, and for the 5‐ and 10‐cm SH when CI was 6 weeks. Alfalfa percent cover was generally greater for longer CI, regardless of SH. Mixture crude protein and digestibility were minimally affected by treatments because the expected negative effects of long CI on nutritive value were offset by greater alfalfa proportion in the mixture for these treatments. In this environment, CI was generally the most important factor affecting alfalfa persistence in alfalfa–bermudagrass mixtures. A short SH in combination with longer CI (4–6 weeks) resulted in the greatest mixture and alfalfa FA.