bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder are Associated with Altered Glucose Parameters in Early and Late Gestation
Authors: Bublitz Margaret H. , Anderson Micheline R. , Sanapo Laura , Scarfo Victoria N. , Bourjeily Ghada 
Published: August 2023

Objective Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with increased risk for insulin resistance and the development of diabetes outside of pregnancy. In pregnancy, emerging evidence suggests that PTSD is associated with increased risk for gestational diabetes; however, it is not yet known how PTSD is associated with disruptions in glucose processing across gestation. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to test associations between PTSD symptoms and glucose parameters in early and late gestation among pregnant people without a history of pregestational diabetes.
Study Design Two 34 participants were included in these analyses. PTSD symptoms were measured using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) in early gestation. Fasting blood samples were collected at approximately 12 and 32 gestational weeks and were used to calculate β-cell function and insulin sensitivity.
Results Participants were 31 years old (standard deviation [SD] = 6) with body mass index (BMI) of 36 kg/m2 (SD = 7) at enrollment, 26% reported their ethnicity as Hispanic, 62% reported their race as White, 17% Black, 2% Asian, 3% Native American, 9% more than one race, and 11% unknown/not reported. Hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed that, after adjusting for several covariates including maternal age, race, ethnicity, BMI, apnea hypopnea index, and depressive symptoms, PTSD symptoms were positively associated with β-cell function in early (β = 0.230, p = 0.016) and late gestation (β = 0.238, p = 0.037).
Conclusion Higher PTSD symptoms were associated with greater insulin secretion over pregnancy in this sample. More research is needed to replicate these findings and evaluate the effects of treatment of PTSD on mitigating the risk for gestational diabetes.
Key Points
Review: Advances in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Immune Thrombocytopenia Associated with Viral Hepatitis
Authors: Xu Yanmei , Chen Yunfei , Zhang Lei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus are the hepatitis subtypes that most commonly induce immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Although the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis-associated ITP remains unclear, it may involve antibody cross-reactivity due to molecular mimicry, the formation of virus-platelet immune complexes, and T cell-mediated suppression of bone marrow hematopoiesis. Moreover, there is significant correlation between platelet count and the severity of viral hepatitis, the risk of progression to liver cirrhosis, and clinical prognosis. However, treatment of viral hepatitis-associated ITP is hindered by some antiviral drugs. In this review, we summarize research progress to date on the pathogenesis and treatment of viral hepatitis-related ITP, hoping to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Closure of Palatal Fistula with Tongue Flap
Authors: Bath J.S. , Singh Gurpartap , Mander K.J.S. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryForty-five patients having large palatal fistulae (1.5-2cm) which could not be closed with local tissues were selected for this study. Forty-two patients out of this group were treated by anteriorly based tongue flap alone and in three patients a supplementary Burian flap was used. Complete closure of the fistula could be achieved in forty-three cases.
Trifurcation of Urethra—A Case Report
Authors: Tiwari I.N. , Sandhir R.K. , Goel Arun 
Published: August 2023

SummaryA rare case of trifurcation of anterior urethra, in a twenty five year old patient, who presented with dribbling of urine from the accessory opening is being documented. The embryologic basis, clinical presentation and treatement has also been discussed.
Double Upper Lip
Authors: Tah Ravindra , Sharma S.N. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryEleven case of double upper lip were seen by us during the last 10 years, of which 9 were males and 2 were females. The embryology, clinical appearance, histopathology and surgical correction of the deformity has been discussed with a review of the literature. A new technique, to enchance aesthetics of the lip, is being described.
The effect of national higher education initiatives on university rankings
Authors: Guo Congbin , Hao Xiaowei , Wu Jiaqi , Hu Tizhen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNational higher education initiatives are government-led strategies designed to enhance university quality, international ranking, and competitiveness through targeted policy measures and investments. In order to improve human capital and global competitiveness, many countries worldwide such as China, Japan, Russia, and Germany have implemented national higher education initiatives in recent years. This study used panel data from the top universities in the QS ranking and ARWU ranking to evaluate the impact of these initiatives on university rankings using a Staggered Difference-in-Differences Model and explore the underlying reasons for heterogeneity in effectiveness across different regions and countries. It found that national higher education initiatives have a significant positive impact on universities’ rankings by improving 12.1 to 17.7 places in QS and ARWU rankings respectively. Compared to European universities, universities in Asia-Pacific region improved rankings more obviously. The findings suggest that developing countries can learn from the experiences of other countries in implementing national higher education initiatives and improving higher education quality through encouraging competitiveness while offering autonomy, optimizing higher education management model, enhancing regular quality evaluations, and dynamic withdrawal mechanism.
A tuning fork gyroscope with drive-sense orthogonal thin-walled holes for high sensitivity
Authors: Shi Ruiqi , Zhang Junjian , Feng Zilong , Fan Kai , Kong Mengmeng , Han Jiajun , Feng Zhihua 
Published: August 2023

A tuning fork gyroscope (TFG) with orthogonal thin-walled round holes in the driving and sensing directions is proposed to improve sensitivity. The thin walls formed by through holes produce stress concentration, transforming the small displacement of tuning fork vibration into a large concentrated strain. When piezoelectric excitation or detection is carried out here, the driving vibration displacement and detection output voltage can be increased, thereby improving sensitivity. Besides, quadrature coupling can be suppressed because the orthogonal holes make the optimal excitation and detection positions in different planes. The finite element method is used to verify the benefits of the holes, and the parameters are optimized for better performance. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of the prototype gyroscope with a driving frequency of 890.68 Hz is 100.32 mV/(°/s) under open-loop driving and detection, and the rotation rate can be resolved at least 0.016 (°/s)/Hz, which is about 6.7 times better than that of the conventional TFG. In addition, the quadrature error is reduced by 2.7 times. The gyroscope has a simple structure, high reliability, and effectively improves sensitivity, which is helpful to guide the optimization of piezoelectric gyroscopes and derived MEMS gyroscopes.
Post-weaning performance of Nellore calves subject to different weaning methods
Authors: Silva Poliana Ramos , Mezzomo Rafael , Santos Neta Ernestina Ribeiro , Sousa Thamiris Silva , Sousa Letícia da Silva , Almeida Mikaelly Rodrigues , da Silva Thaynara Ribeiro Carneiro , Vasconcelos Amanda Duarte , Batista Erick Darlisson , Alves Kaliandra Souza , Oliveira Luis Rennan Sampaio de , Gomes Daiany Iris 
Published: August 2023

Context Different methods of weaning have been validated to reduce the stress of calves. A novel approach has been described by ranchers whereby the zebu calves are kept in the same pasture with trainer’s cows, however, no scientific evidence is available to date. Aims This study investigated the effect of different weaning methods on the physiological responses, temperament, and post-weaning performance of calves. Methods One hundred and eighty three Nellore calves were used, including 93 males (initial bodyweight: 219.8 ± 3.25 kg (avg ± s.e.), initial age: 244 ± 14.3 days (avg ± s.e.) and 90 females (219.7 ± 3.25 kg, 246 ± 14 days (avg ± s.e.)). The calves were randomly assigned to three weaning methods: Abrupt – total separation of dam and calf; Fenceline – physical separation between dam and calf by wired fence; and Leadership – total separation between dam and calf and use of social facilitator cows. Heart rate, respiratory rate and blood samples for cortisol analysis were taken on Days 0, 1, 4, and 7 post-weaning. Temperament was assessed on Days 0, 7, and 82. Performance and body condition score (BCS) was measured at 0, 42, and 82 days post-weaning. Key results No interaction (P > 0.05) between the weaning methods and sex of the calves was detected. Heart and respiratory rates were not influenced (P > 0.05) by weaning methods on Days 1 and 7 post-weaning. Furthermore, females showed higher heart rate at Day 7 post-weaning (P < 0.05). Weaning methods and sex of calves did not affect the cortisol levels (P > 0.05). Calves on Fenceline and Leadership weaning methods had higher final bodyweight and average daily gain (ADG) from weaning until 82 days post-weaning (P < 0.05) compared to the Abrupt weaning method, which had negative ADG (−26 g/day) on the first 42 days and the lowest bodyweight until 82 days post-weaning (P < 0.05). Conclusions The presence of social facilitators at weaning, using dams in the Fenceline method or non-related cows in the Leadership method, ensures greater post-weaning performance. The Leadership method can be the most advantageous due to its easy handling. Implications The weaning strategies contribute to good animal performance and shorten the post-weaning and finishing phases.
Mineralogy, elemental composition, and organic matter prediction of wetland soils in the Cerrado biome, Brazil
Authors: Borges Camila Silva , Nascimento Diogo Costa , de Lima Tatiane Melo , da Costa Marcela Vieira , Ribeiro Bruno Teixeira 
Published: August 2023

Context The Cerrado, an area of savannah and wetlands in Brazil, is an important wet ecosystem characterised by organic-rich soils that has important environmental functions. In this work, we hypothesised that the total elemental composition obtained via portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (pXRF) could be useful a tool to predict soil organic matter. Aims We aimed to predict the total organic carbon (TOC) content and its fractions (carbon fulvic acid, C-FA; carbon humic acid, C-HA; carbon humin, C-HU) of soils occurring in representative Veredas biome from the Cerrado, Brazil. Methods We collected 144 soil samples from surface (0–20 cm) and subsurface (40–70 cm) layers from six representative Veredas environment located in the Cerrado bome, Triângulo Mineiro region, Brazil. These samples were analysed using a pXRF to obtain the total elemental composition. TOC, C-HA, C-FA, and C-HU fractions were determined by wet-oxidation and titration methods. The pXRF data was correlated with TOC and humic substances and later subjected to simple and multiple linear regression (MLR). Key results The major elements corroborated the mineralogy of wetland soils. TOC and humic substances, mainly C-HU, were reasonably predicted using pXRF data. All humic substances and TOC were strongly correlated to Pb. Thus, by parsimony, TOC could be reasonable predicted exclusively based on Pb concentration. Conclusions We demonstrated that pXRF can be an efficient tool to assess the elemental composition of the Cerrado wetlands soils contributing to still scarce inventory. Further, the elements germane to soil organic matter compounds can be used to predict TOC and its fractions. Implications A detailed characterisation of the Cerrado wetland soils in situ can be successfully performed using pXRF in further studies.
Gravito-electromagnetic perturbations and QNMs of regular black holes
Authors: Meng Kun , Zhang Shao-Jun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the framework of Einstein’s gravity coupled to nonlinear electromagnetic fields, we study gravito-electromagnetic perturbations of magnetic regular black holes (BHs). The master equations of perturbations are obtained through Chandrasekhar’s formulation, from which it can be seen, different from the electric counterparts, for magnetic BHs gravitational perturbations with odd-parity coupled only to the electromagnetic perturbations with even-parity. We solve the master equations numerically and obtain quasinormal modes (QNMs) for three typical regular BHs. Results show that QNMs of distinct regular BHs differ significantly, and they differ from that of the Reissner–Nordström BH as well. Indications of these results on the stability of these regular BHs are discussed in detail.
LISAmax: improving the low-frequency gravitational-wave sensitivity by two orders of magnitude
Authors: Martens W , Khan M , Bayle J-B 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Within its Voyage 2050 planning cycle, the European Space Agency is considering long-term large class science mission themes. Gravitational-wave astronomy is among the topics under study. Building on previous work by other authors (Folkner 2011 (NNH11ZDA019L); Ni 2010 Mod. Phys. Lett. A 25 922–35; Sesana et al 2021 Exp. Astron.
51 1333–83), this paper studies a gravitational-wave interferometer concept, dubbed ‘LISAmax’, consisting of three spacecraft, each located close to one of the Sun–Earth libration points L3, L4 and L5, forming a triangular constellation with an arm length of 259 million kilometers (to be compared to LISA’s 2.5 million kilometer arms). We argue that this is the largest triangular formation that can be reached from Earth without a major leap in mission complexity and cost (hence the name). The sensitivity curve of such a detector is at least two orders of magnitude lower in amplitude than that of LISA, at frequencies below 1 mHz. This makes the observatory sensitive to gravitational waves in the µHz range and opens a new window for gravitational-wave astronomy, not covered by any other planned detector concept. We analyze in detail the constellation stability for a 10 year mission in the full numerical model including insertion dispersion, and self-gravity-induced accelerations. We compute the orbit transfers using a European launcher and chemical propulsion. Different orbit options, such as precessing, inclined orbits, the use of flybys for the transfer, and the launch strategy, are discussed. The payload design parameters are assessed, and the expected sensitivity curve is compared with a number of potential gravitational-wave sources. No show stoppers are identified at this point of the analysis.
A study of deep neural networks for Newtonian noise subtraction at Terziet in Limburg—the Euregio Meuse-Rhine candidate site for Einstein Telescope
Authors: van Beveren Vincent , Bader Maria , van den Brand Jo , Jan Bulten Henk , Campman Xander , Koley Soumen , Linde Frank 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Euregio Meuse-Rhine border region of Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands has been identified as a candidate site for hosting Einstein Telescope. Newtonian coupling of ground vibrations to the core optics of the detectors may limit the sensitivity of Einstein Telescope at frequencies below about 10 Hz. The contribution of Newtonian noise is site specific and depends on the ambient seismic field which in turn depends on the site’s geology and the distribution of surface and underground seismic-noise sources. We have investigated the application of machine learning in combination with the deployment of seismic sensor networks to predict seismic displacement noise at specific locations on the surface and underground. Moreover we have modeled a deep neural network (DNN) that allows to subtract Newtonian noise from the strain data measured by Einstein Telescope. The seismic-field model is based on a complete solution of the elastodynamic wave equations for a horizontally-layered soil structure. The geology features soft-soil layers on hard-rock and was shown to be effective in attenuating Newtonian noise from surface waves below the required sensitivity. In addition our model includes a random background of body waves with all possible angles of incidence. We show that a DNN is effective in predicting Newtonian noise. Application of our DNN allows Newtonian noise subtraction by a factor up to 4.7 at 1 Hz and 2.5 at 5 Hz.
Light-induced damage to DNA origami nanostructures in the 193 nm–310 nm range
Authors: Sala Leo , Rakovský Jozef , Zerolová Agnes , Kočišek Jaroslav 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
DNA origami nanostructures provide precisely addressable substrates for in singulo experiments as well as for applications in nanotechnology. We report on experiments evaluating the stability of DNA origami upon irradiation with light at different wavelengths and buffer solutions. DNA is irradiated with nanosecond pulsed lasers and the damage is evaluated using UV–Vis spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy imaging. We show that the wavelength dependence of the damage follows the UV absorption spectrum of DNA. Electronic excitation of DNA is primarily responsible for DNA origami damage at present wavelengths. We also demonstrate UV–Vis absorption of tris reaction products, influencing the UV–Vis absorption evaluation in experiments studying DNA damage.
Lowest-order relativistic interaction between lattice vibrations and internal degrees of freedom of a nucleus
Authors: Hagelstein Peter L 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A moving nucleus experiences a Lorentz contraction and spin rearrangement due to relativity. A nucleus that oscillates in a molecule or solid due to vibrations will undergo minor relativistic modifications which are a result of the vibrations, indicative of a relativistic phonon-nuclear interaction. The derivation of the lowest-order interaction from the many-particle Dirac model is reviewed. The Dirac model with a realistic potential model is not covariant, which is a source of concern. The lowest-order phonon-nuclear interaction obtained from a covariant two-body Bethe–Salpeter model is found to be similar to the interaction obtained from the Dirac model, supporting the notion that the interaction is not an artifact. Matrix elements of the lowest-order interaction are expressed in terms of one-body operators, which facilitates evaluation and allows for quantitative estimates of the magnitude.
Impact of rectifier metal-semiconductor contact geometry on electrical properties of Schottky diodes with Mg3N2 interfacial layer
Authors: Sevgili Ömer , Orak İkram 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Ag/Mg3N2/p-Si heterojunction diode (HD) with rectifier contacts (RCs) with the same area in various geometries were fabricated through thermal evaporation, and the electrical performances of these diodes was compared. The geometry of the RC was found to affect various electrical properties such as ideality factor, saturation current and barrier height of HD, the rectifier rate, and the leakage current of the diodes. The experimental demonstrated the HD with a circular RC exhibited a higher rectifying ratio and lower leakage current compared to the other RCs. Hence, the design and optimization of the RC play a critical role in achieving the desired electrical properties of diode. These diodes, featuring an Mg3N2 interfacial layer and showcasing photoconductive behavior, can be utilized as photodiodes in various optoelectronic devices.
Measurement of the jet deflector torque for model Pelton turbine and associated uncertainties in test rig development
Authors: Khan Firoz , Kumar Arun , Staubli Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Hydraulic turbines play an important role in stabilizing electrical grids due to their fast response times. Comparative to other hydraulic turbines, a jet deflector of a Pelton turbine enables rapid response for load reduction. However, jet deflectors are subjected to high forces, torques and the splashing water impinges on the runner and elements within the casing. Thus, the design of the jet deflector is important. The analytical calculations are complex due to the splashing and backscattering of the deviated jet. Though the prediction of forces and deflector torque based on the impulse–momentum equation is feasible, but results are not sufficiently accurate, and thus measurements are required. Subject of this study is a test rig equipped with the physical model of a Pelton turbine injector with deflector control and a high-quality torque transducer for precise measurement. Calibration of instruments used, and uncertainty analysis of the test rig has been carried out. The overall uncertainty of the torque resulted in ±1.58%. The experimental results are compared with the analytical results to verify the primary data. It is observed that as the deflector initiates its action, the torque undergoes an increasing trend. At a deflection angle of 12°, the torque reaches its maximum value, and subsequently, upon achieving complete deflection, the torque is observed to attain its minimum magnitude. The empirical relationship of the deflector torque uncertainty has been developed using the regression analysis of the evaluated uncertainty data.
Performance evaluation of linearization strategies for a directly interfaced thermistor
Authors: Ul Abdin Muhammad Zain , Sami Abdul , Asif Ali , Aziz Farah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Sensor linearization is an important aspect for enhancing the efficiencies of measuring systems. Conventional methods use additional circuits and/or software models to achieve linearization. The direct interface technique obviates the requirement for intermediate electronic circuits, including linearization circuits, between sensors and embedded systems. Sensor linearization strategies need to be explored to obtain maximized performances from directly interfaced sensing systems. In this work, the performances of both hardware- and software-based strategies for linearization of directly interfaced thermistor sensors are evaluated. The experimental results show that the hardware-based linearization approach (1P_Shunt, 2P_Shunt) can yield a maximum linearized output range, i.e. from 0 °C to ∼70 °C with <1% full scale span (FSS) nonlinearity error (NLE). The sensitivities in both cases are found to be comparable. In 1P_Shunt, the linearized range is found to be almost independent of the β-values, ranging from 3012 K to 3924 K. A high-speed timer, via minimization of quantization errors, allows a significant reduction in measurement time while maintaining the linearized range. With the artificial neural network based linearization approach, a linearized range up to 100 °C and beyond can be achieved. A shallow network with optimum architecture (1-5-1), with Bayesian regularization and log-sigmoid as an activation function, is found to be sufficient to yield <1% FSS NLE.