bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global movements in Hisaye Yamamoto's short fiction
Authors: Mather Jeffrey 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study focuses on the short fiction of Hisaye Yamamoto and explores how formal techniques, generic patterns, and thematic ambiguities associated with modernism “travel” and are enacted within specific social contexts. Through a close reading of two of Yamamoto's stories—“Seventeen Syllables” and “Wilshire Bus”—I argue that her fictionalized rendering of internment, racism, and social restriction shed light on the constraints that peripheral “modernist” authors faced. Building on studies that have shown how Yamamoto's stories articulate subtle resistance though acts of voicing, this study explores how her fiction persistently draws the readers into the conditions of physical and social constraint, forcing us to grapple emotionally with the experiences of her characters while gaining perspectives on the boundaries that limit and structure individual actions. While Yamamoto was clearly influenced by the modernist revisitation of the short story as a literary form that could express the fragmentation, psychological intensity, and fleeting poetic qualities of twentieth‐century life, her self‐reflexive representation of minority experience provides a poignant alternative account of modernity, casting critical light on conventional notions of modernism as understood in relation to ideas of travel, mobility, artistic alienation, and cosmopolitan urban life.
Large effective population size masks population genetic structure in Hirondellea amphipods within the deepest marine ecosystem, the Mariana Trench
Authors: Piertney Stuart B. , Wenzel Marius , Jamieson Alan J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe examination of genetic structure in the deep‐ocean hadal zone has focused on divergence between tectonic trenches to understand how environment and geography may drive species divergence and promote endemism. There has been little attempt to examine localized genetic structure within trenches, partly because of logistical challenges associated with sampling at an appropriate scale, and the large effective population sizes of species that can be sampled adequately may mask underlying genetic structure. Here we examine genetic structure in the superabundant amphipod Hirondellea gigas in the Mariana Trench at depths of 8126–10,545 m. RAD sequencing was used to identify 3182 loci containing 43,408 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across individuals after stringent pruning of loci to prevent paralogous multicopy genomic regions being erroneously merged. Principal components analysis of SNP genotypes resolved no genetic structure between sampling locations, consistent with a signature of panmixia. However, discriminant analysis of principal components identified divergence between all sites driven by 301 outlier SNPs in 169 loci and significantly associated with latitude and depth. Functional annotation of loci identified differences between singleton loci used in analysis and paralogous loci pruned from the data set and also between outlier and nonoutlier loci, all consistent with hypotheses explaining the role of transposable elements driving genome dynamics. This study challenges the traditional perspective that highly abundant amphipods within a trench form a single panmictic population. We discuss the findings in relation to eco‐evolutionary and ontogenetic processes operating in the deep sea, and highlight key challenges associated with population genetic analysis in nonmodel systems with inherent large effective population sizes and genomes.
Athletes in medicine: A systematic review of performance of athletes in medicine
Authors: Anderson Kathryn G. , Lemos Jacie , Pickell Samantha , Stave Christopher , Sgroi Michael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionAs interest in medicine grows, admissions committees must review an increasingly competitive pool of medical school and residency candidates. Nearly all admissions committees have moved towards a holistic review, which considers an applicant's experiences and attributes in addition to academic metrics. As such, identifying nonacademic predictors of success in medicine is necessary. Parallels between skills necessary to succeed in athletics and in medicine have been drawn, including teamwork, discipline and resiliency. This systematic review synthesises the current literature to evaluate the relationship between participation in athletics and performance in medicine.MethodsThe authors searched five databases to conduct a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. Included studies assessed medical students, residents or attending physicians in the United States or Canada and used prior athletic participation as a predictor or explanatory variable. The review examined associations between prior athletic participation and outcomes in medical school, residency and/or as an attending physician.ResultsEighteen studies evaluating medical students (78%), residents (28%) or attending physicians (6%) met inclusion criteria for this systematic review. Twelve (67%) studies specifically assessed participants based on skill level, and five (28%) studies specifically assessed participants based on type of athletic participation (team versus individual). Sixteen studies (89%) found that former athletes performed significantly better than their counterparts (p < 0.05). These studies found significant associations between prior athletic participation and better outcomes in multiple performance indicators, including exam scores, faculty ratings, surgical errors and burnout.ConclusionsCurrent literature, although limited, suggests that prior participation in athletics may be a predictor of success in medical school and residency. This was demonstrated through objective scoring methods, such as USMLE, and subjective outcomes, such as faculty ratings and burnout. Specifically, multiple studies indicate that former athletes demonstrated increased surgical skill proficiency and decreased burnout as medical students and residents.
Integrated optimization of multi‐vehicle‐type timetabling and scheduling to accommodate periodic passenger flow
Authors: Hu Baoyu , Fu Yangyang , Feng Shumin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA method was developed for integrating the process of multitype bus timetable generation and chains of trips formed by considering multiperiod passenger flow characteristics. First, the cumulative passenger demand curve was fitted and combined with the vehicle trajectory. Second, according to the results, the combined departure interval for multiple vehicle types was determined, and a one‐way possible timetable set was established. Third, considering the departure time window, the upward and downward possible timetable sets were connected. A bi‐objective mixed integer nonlinear programming model based on a spatiotemporal network was developed through two‐way matching. The objective of the model was to minimize the generalized fleet cost (a problem solved by the continuous deficit function of multiple vehicle types) and passenger waiting time. For two‐way matching, the computational complexity was reduced according to the postroot jump traversal rule, and the 𝑘‐shortest path algorithm was used to solve the bi‐objective Pareto‐optimal solution set. Finally, the Harbin No. 96 bus line was used as an example to validate the proposed model and algorithm. The optimization reduced the bus purchase cost by 51.28%, energy loss cost by 31.78%, and passenger waiting time by 37.07%, indicating that the proposed model can significantly reduce the costs for bus companies and passengers.
The Kari'na ceramic tradition through ethnographic collections
Authors: Gaspar Meliam Viganó 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe collections of ethnographic ceramic vessels made by Kari'na women in Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Brazil present part of the history of a ceramic tradition that was consolidated over at least 200 years. The characteristics of ceramics and their production process can be associated to historical relations established by the Kari'na with different collectors and other peoples, as well as the agency of potters to maintain and transform their own tradition. By relating the history of these collections to the global history of museum institutions, this article contributes to the debate on museum decolonization and the transdisciplinary study of ethnographic ceramic collections. In addition, a look back into the past of collections can also give elements for a look forward into the future of the relations between objects and peoples.
Convergently selected NPF2.12 coordinates root growth and nitrogen use efficiency in wheat and barley
Authors: Siddiqui Md. Nurealam , Pandey Kailash , Bhadhury Suzan Kumer , Sadeqi Bahman , Schneider Michael , Sanchez‐Garcia Miguel , Stich Benjamin , Schaaf Gabriel , Léon Jens , Ballvora Agim 
Published: February 2023

Summary
Understanding the genetic and molecular function of nitrate sensing and acquisition across crop species will accelerate breeding of cultivars with improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE).
Here, we performed a genome‐wide scan using wheat and barley accessions characterized under low and high N inputs that uncovered the NPF2.12 gene, encoding a homolog of the Arabidopsis nitrate transceptor NRT1.6 and other low‐affinity nitrate transporters that belong to the MAJOR FACILITATOR SUPERFAMILY.
Next, it is shown that variations in the NPF2.12 promoter correlated with altered NPF2.12 transcript levels where decreased gene expression was measured under low nitrate availability. Multiple field trials revealed a significantly enhanced N content in leaves and grains and NUE in the presence of the elite allele TaNPF2.12TT grown under low N conditions. Furthermore, the nitrate reductase encoding gene NIA1 was up‐regulated in npf2.12 mutant upon low nitrate concentrations, thereby resulting in elevated levels of nitric oxide (NO) production. This increase in NO correlated with the higher root growth, nitrate uptake, and N translocation observed in the mutant when compared to wild‐type.
The presented data indicate that the elite haplotype alleles of NPF2.12 are convergently selected in wheat and barley that by inactivation indirectly contribute to root growth and NUE by activating NO signaling under low nitrate conditions.
Root‐associated fungal communities are influenced more by soils than by plant‐host root traits in a Chinese tropical forest
Authors: Hogan J. Aaron , Jusino Michelle A. , Smith Matthew E. , Corrales Adriana , Song Xiaoyang , Hu Yue‐hua , Yang Jie , Cao Min , Valverde‐Barrantes Oscar J. , Baraloto Christopher 
Published: February 2023

Summary
Forest fungal communities are shaped by the interactions between host tree root systems and the associated soil conditions. We investigated how the soil environment, root morphological traits, and root chemistry influence root‐inhabiting fungal communities in three tropical forest sites of varying successional status in Xishuangbanna, China.
For 150 trees of 66 species, we measured root morphology and tissue chemistry. Tree species identity was confirmed by sequencing rbcL, and root‐associated fungal (RAF) communities were determined using high‐throughput ITS2 sequencing.
Using distance‐based redundancy analysis and hierarchical variation partitioning, we quantified the relative importance of two soil variables (site average total phosphorus and available phosphorus), four root traits (dry matter content, tissue density, specific tip abundance, and forks), and three root tissue elemental concentrations (nitrogen, calcium, and manganese) on RAF community dissimilarity. The root and soil environment collectively explained 23% of RAF compositional variation. Soil phosphorus explained 76% of that variation. Twenty fungal taxa differentiated RAF communities among the three sites.
Soil phosphorus most strongly affects RAF assemblages in this tropical forest. Variation in root calcium and manganese concentrations and root morphology among tree hosts, principally an architectural trade‐off between dense, highly branched vs less‐dense, herringbone‐type root systems, are important secondary determinants.
Analgesic utilization in people with knee osteoarthritis: A population‐based study using primary care data
Authors: Taqi Aqila , Gran Sonia , Knaggs Roger D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeOsteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic painful condition that often affects large joints such as the knee. Treatment guidelines recommend paracetamol, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and opioids. Antidepressants and anti‐epileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly prescribed for chronic noncancer pain conditions including OA, as an off‐label use. This study describes analgesic utilization in patients with knee OA at population level using standard pharmaco‐epidemiological methods.MethodThis was a cross‐sectional study between 2000 and 2014 using data from the U.K. Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). The use of antidepressants, AEDs, opioids, NSAIDs, and paracetamol was studied in adults with knee OA using the following measures: annual number of prescriptions, defined daily doses (DDD), oral morphine equivalent dose (OMEQ), and days' supply.ResultsIn total, there were 8,944,381 prescriptions prescribed for 117,637 patients with knee OA during the 15‐year period. There was a steady increase in the prescribing of all drug classes, except for NSAIDs, over the study period. Opioids were the most prevalent class prescribed in every study year. Tramadol was the most commonly prescribed opioid, with the number of DDD increasing from 0.11 to 0.71 DDDs per 1000 registrants in 2000 and 2014, respectively. The largest increase in prescribing was for AEDs, where the number of prescriptions increased from 2 to 11 per 1000 CPRD registrants.ConclusionThere was an overall increase in the prescribing of analgesics apart from NSAIDs. Opioids were the most frequently prescribed class; however, the greatest increase in prescribing between 2000 and 2014 was observed in AEDs.
Infrared thermography of in situ natural freezing and mechanism of winter‐thermonasty in Rhododendron maximum
Authors: Arora Rajeev , Wisniewski Michael , Tuong Tan , Livingston David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEvergreen leaves of Rhododendron species inhabiting temperate/montane climates are typically exposed to both high radiation and freezing temperatures during winter when photosynthetic biochemistry is severely inhibited. Cold‐induced “thermonasty,” that is, lamina rolling and petiole curling, can reduce the amount of leaf area exposed to solar radiation and has been associated with photoprotection in overwintering rhododendrons. The present study was conducted on natural, mature plantings of a cold‐hardy and large‐leaved thermonastic North American species (Rhododendron maximum) during winter freezes. Infrared thermography was used to determine initial sites of ice formation, patterns of ice propagation, and dynamics of the freezing process in leaves to understand the temporal and mechanistic relationship between freezing and thermonasty. Results indicated that ice formation in whole plants is initiated in the stem, predominantly in the upper portions, and propagates in both directions from the original site. Ice formation in leaves initially occurred in the vascular tissue of the midrib and then propagated into other portions of the vascular system/venation. Ice was never observed to initiate or propagate into palisade, spongy mesophyll, or epidermal tissues. These observations, together with the leaf‐ and petiole‐histology, and a simulation of the rolling effect of dehydrated leaves using a cellulose‐based, paper‐bilayer system, suggest that thermonasty occurs due to anisotropic contraction of cell wall cellulose fibers of adaxial versus abaxial surface as the cells lose water to ice present in vascular tissues.
The effects of death awareness and reactance on texting‐and‐driving prevention
Authors: Bessarabova Elena , Massey Zachary B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUsing a 2 (mortality: salient, control) × 2 (freedom‐limiting language: freedom‐limiting, autonomy‐supportive) independent‐group design, this study examined the relationship between mortality salience and psychological reactance in the context of texting‐and‐driving prevention messages. The terror management health model and the theory of psychological reactance guided study predictions. Results showed mortality salience produced adaptive effects on attitudes toward texting‐and‐driving prevention and behavioral intentions to reduce unsafe driving practices. Additionally, some evidence for the effectiveness of directive, albeit freedom‐limiting communication, emerged. These and other results are discussed along with the implications, limitations, and future research directions.
Transferring Jerusalem to Moscow: Maksim Grek’s Letter and Its Afterlife
Authors: Willson Justin , Morse Ashley 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFew debates in late seventeenth‐century Muscovy were as heated as the controversy over the naming of the Resurrection “New Jerusalem” Monastery (1656). This essay draws attention to an overlooked sixteenth‐century source, a letter by the Greek‐born Slavic translator Maksim Grek (d. 1556), which played an important role in shaping the Church’s thinking. Maksim’s letter helps to explain why Jerusalem ideology took a very different path in Russia than it did in Western Europe, and why replications of the Holy Sepulcher are only very rarely encountered in Muscovy. Maksim’s letter introduces several themes which foreshadow the course of the later debate: the irrevocability of Jerusalem’s name; the inalienable holiness of the loca sancta; and the connection between the holy sites and churches built on them. These themes, in turn, invite a reconsideration of the success of Jerusalem ideology in Muscovy, which has often been taken for granted. We first situate this contrarian text in its original context and then trace its mediation through important Ruthenian authors who guaranteed its wide reception in Moscow. Our study demonstrates that the Russian clergy and the Moscow Synod of 1666/67 based their critiques of the ‘New Jerusalem’ Monastery’s name on a reading of Maksim’s letter and its mediators.
Utilization of dental services by children with autism spectrum conditions: The role of primary health care
Authors: de Souza Maximiliano Loiola Ponte , de Lima Priscilla Dias Leite , Herkrath Fernando José 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimChildren with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) face many barriers to access dental health services, despite having a greater need for care. The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of dental health services by children with ASC and the individual factors related to the demand for primary care services.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out with 100 caregivers of children with ASC aged 6–12 years in a city in Brazil. After the descriptive analysis, logistic regression analyses were carried out to estimate the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThe caregivers reported that 25% of the children had never been to the dentist and 57% had an appointment over the past 12 months. Seeking primary care for dental treatment and frequent toothbrushing were positively associated with both outcomes and participating in oral health preventive activities decreased the chance of never having been to the dentist. Having male caregivers and activity limitations due to autism decreased the chance of having been to the dentist over the past year.ConclusionThe findings suggest that reorganizing care of children with ASC can contribute to reducing access barriers to dental health services.
An evaluation of mechanical and biophysical skin parameters at different body locations
Authors: John Anto J. U. K. , Galdo Francesco Del , Gush Rodney , Worsley Peter R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundSkin is the largest organ in the body, representing an important interface to monitor health and disease. However, there is significant variation in skin properties for different ages, genders and body regions due to the differences in the structure and morphology of the skin tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the use of non‐invasive tools to discriminate a range of mechanical and functional skin parameters from different skin sites.Materials and methodsA cohort of 15 healthy volunteers was recruited following appropriate informed consent. Four well‐established CE‐marked non‐invasive techniques were used to measure four anatomical regions: palm, forearm, sole and lower lumbar L3, using a repeated measures design. Skin parameters included trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL), pH (acidity), erythema, stratum corneum hydration and stiffness and elasticity using Myoton Pro (skin and muscle probe). Differences between body locations for each parameter and the intra‐rater reliability between days were evaluated by the same operator.ResultsThe results indicate that parameters differed significantly between skin sites. For the Myoton skin probe, the sole recorded the highest stiffness value of 1006 N/m (SD ± 179), while the lower lumbar recorded the least value of 484 N/m (SD ± 160). The muscle indenter Myoton probe revealed the palm's highest value of 754 N/m (± 108), and the lower lumbar recorded the least value of 208 N/m (SD ± 44). TEWL values were lowest on the forearm, averaging 11 g/m2/h, and highest on the palm, averaging 41 g/m2/h. Similar skin hydration levels were recorded in three of the four sites, with the main difference being observed in the sole averaging 13 arbitrary units. Erythema values were characterised by a high degree of inter‐subject variation, and no significant differences between sites or sides were observed. The Myoton Pro Skin showed excellent reliability (intra‐class correlation coefficients > 0.70) for all sites with exception of one site right lower back; the Myoton pro muscle probes showed good to poor reliability (0.90–017), the corneometer showed excellent reliability (>0.75) among all the sites tested, and the TEWL showed Good to poor reliability (0.74–0.4) among sites.ConclusionThe study revealed that using non‐invasive methods, the biophysical properties of skin can be mapped, and significant differences in the mechanical and functional properties of skin were observed. These parameters were reliably recorded between days, providing a basis for their use in assessing and monitoring changes in the skin during health and disease.