bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Foundational Concepts in Reforestation and Early Stand Improvement—a Recap of the 2022 National Silviculture Workshop
Authors: Bragg Don C , Hinchee Janet , Jain Theresa B 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The National Silviculture Workshop (NSW) is a biennial forum on silvicultural advances hosted by the USDA Forest Service. In July of 2022, this gathering brought over one hundred seventy silvicultural workers from all parts of the agency, plus some from academia and industry, to Kellogg, Idaho. Against the spectacular backdrop of the northern Rocky Mountains, NSW participants learned about the various challenges and opportunities faced by Forest Service silviculturists and silvicultural researchers, especially on reforestation and early stand improvement challenges on Forest Service lands. Over three days, oral and poster presentations were given on topics ranging from new legislation and agency policies to decision support tools to forest health threats to regeneration and nursery problems. Additionally, a day-long field tour and hours of less formal conversations and networking helped to continue the tradition of knowledge transfer and collegiality long experienced at the NSW.
Study Implications: The 2022 National Silviculture Workshop (NSW) continued a long tradition of bringing together USDA Forest Service silvicultural practitioners and researchers in a forum that helps bridge research with practice and policy. The presentations, field trip, small group meetings, and plenty of networking continued to strengthen the silvicultural work of the Forest Service, laying the groundwork for the next NSW in Olympia, Washington, in July of 2024.
Numerical simulation of density-driven non-Newtonian fluid flow
Authors: Li Yu-Shan , Chen Ching-Yao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Density-driven flow is numerically studied. The sinking fluid is set as a power-law non-Newtonian fluid with a higher density than the environmental fluid. During the simulation process, saturation concentration is fixed on the upper boundary; thus downward plumes are formed because of gravitational instability. The dissolution flux undergoes a series of changes, from the initially diffusion-dominated regime to the convection-dominated regime due to the appearance of finger structures, and then to the transition of finger structures merging into larger plumes. Finally, it enters the shutdown regime as the plumes start to reach the impermeable bottom boundary. In the process of plume sinking, different fluid properties have an important impact on the downward velocity, shape of plumes and the dissolution flux of the flow field. The tip velocity of the plumes is slowed until the high-concentration fluid is supplied to further push the plumes downward. For the shear-thinning fluid ambient fluid, this phenomenon is even more drastic. However, for shear-thickening fluid, this phenomenon is almost not observed. In addition, unlike the condition of a Newtonian fluid, protoplumes on the original interface appear at the early stage. Prominent protoplumes have developed between the primary plumes in non-Newtonian fluids throughout the entire process.
Characterization of Vulnerability of Internally Displaced Persons in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger Using Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS)
Authors: Pham Phuong N , Johnston Lisa , Keegan Katrina , O’Mealia Thomas , Diallo Dramane Yacouba , Vinck Patrick 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Central Sahel region has one of the world's fastest-growing populations of internally displaced persons (IDPs). To better understand the risk factors associated with displacement, this study utilized respondent-driven sampling to recruit otherwise hard-to-reach IDPs in remote and urban areas in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger. From August to October 2021, 4144 IDPs were surveyed, and nine targeted vulnerability profiles were measured across the domains of gender, health, and protection. The study revealed a high prevalence of risk factors and vulnerability among IDPs, with notable geographic differences. The majority of IDPs fell into at least one category of vulnerability, with health vulnerabilities being the most common. Internally displaced persons reported overlapping vulnerabilities in health, particularly chronic illness, mental health issues, and disability. Women had higher odds of vulnerability than men. Statistically significant associations were site-specific, and some were inconsistent across contexts, highlighting the cross-cutting and pervasive nature of vulnerability among IDPs.
What Can Data Justice Mean for Asylum Governance? The Case of Smartphone Data Extraction in Germany
Authors: Josipovic Ivan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article takes new digital surveillance policies in European asylum procedures as an occasion to explore possible principles for an ethical use of digital data on asylum seekers. Drawing on three different conceptions of data justice, and considering their respective analytical focus, objectives and principles, it develops an evaluative framework that helps to unpack what just data-driven governance in the field of asylum can mean. Based on the case of Germany, which introduced a policy to extract data from the smartphones of asylum seekers, the article illustrates how each of the three conceptions of data justice practically informs claims that (de)legitimize dataveillance. The article concludes by highlighting the practical relevance and the shortcomings of established principles such as privacy in balancing the interests between asylum seekers and state authorities. It further argues for a consideration of the structural inequalities of data-based visibility in relation to hierarchies of civic stratification.
Crops under past diversification and ongoing climate change: more than just selection of nuclear genes for flowering
Authors: Tiwari Lalit Dev , Kurtz-Sohn Ayelet , Bdolach Eyal , Fridman Eyal 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Diversification and breeding following domestication and under current climate change across the globe are the two most significant evolutionary events experienced by major crops. Diversification of crops from their wild ancestors has favored dramatic changes in the sensitivity of the plants to the environment, particularly significantly in transducing light inputs to the circadian clock, which has allowed the growth of major crops in the relatively short growing season experienced in the Northern Hemisphere. Historically, mutants and the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) have facilitated the identification and the cloning of genes that underlie major changes of the clock and the regulation of flowering. Recent studies have suggested that the thermal plasticity of the circadian clock output, and not just the core genes that follow temperature compensation, has also been under selection during diversification and breeding. Wild alleles that accelerate output rhythmicity could be beneficial for crop resilience. Furthermore, wild alleles with beneficial and flowering-independent effects under stress indicate their possible role in maintaining a balanced source–sink relationship, thereby allowing productivity under climatic change. Because the chloroplast genome also regulates the plasticity of the clock output, mapping populations including cytonuclear interactions should be utilized within an integrated field and clock phenomics framework. In this review, we highlight the need to integrate physiological and developmental approaches (physio-devo) to gain a better understanding when re-domesticating wild gene alleles into modern cultivars to increase their robustness under abiotic heat and drought stresses.
Screening and characterization of agarolytic bacteria from different sources
Authors: Labade Dinesh , Tabassum Heena , Wani Minal 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
According to the results of our investigation, distinct bacterial isolates capable of breaking down agar were found in various nonmarine environments. The deficiency of reducing sugar in the control media demonstrates that the agar in the experiment is broken down by the bacteria to produce various oligosaccharides because the viscosity of the medium containing the agar was found to have been extremely high before inoculation, reducing with incubation duration and attaining a maximum after 48 hours. These isolates were subsequently used in tests along with additional investigation since they could create reducing sugar. Interestingly, the deterioration of agar appears to be mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria. In order to study the agarase properties, the relative quantity of the enzyme secreted by the bacteria that hydrolyze the agar was used. The detection of extracellular agarase surrounding the colonies and the absence of stained halos on iodine-treated agar plates show that the agarase diffusing from the bacteria impacted the characteristics of the gel. Inconclusion, these agarsase-producing bacteria can be exploited for industrial applications. Waste agar from the plant tissue culture business can be utilized for a range of applications and this degraded agar can be explored for reliable and ecologically safe alternatives.
Cross-method assessment of coliphage detection methods in the framework of EPA regulatory standards
Authors: Price Matthew T , Blackwood Angelia D , Noble Rachel T 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to understand the performance and utility of US EPA-approved coliphage methods in comparison to fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and molecular microbial source tracking (MST) methods in recreational waters. We used US EPA Method 1642 to quantify concentrations of coliphage along with culture- and molecular-based enumeration of E. coli and Enterococcus sp, and human fecal source marker HF183. We also conducted a feasibility assessment to determine the utility of US EPA Method 1642 for application to routine recreational water monitoring. Ten sampling events were conducted at three sampling sites over the duration of a year. Average concentrations of somatic (SC) (log10 1.48 PFU/100 mL) and male-specific (MSC) coliphages (log10 1.00 PFU/100 mL) at all sites were low with SC found across a broader range (0.3–3.1 log10 PFU/100 mL) of concentrations compared to MSC (non-detect-1.7 log10 PFU/100 mL). A feasibility assessment was conducted across US EPA Method 1642 for coliphage enumeration, culture-based FIB, defined substrate technology (DST) approaches Enterolert™ and Colilert®, and quantitative microbial source tracking (qMST) US EPA Method 1696. US EPA Method 1642 had the longest processing times, but also was moderate in cost, compared to the DST and qMST molecular methods. Given the poor correlations between MSC and SC with FIB and qMST markers in this study and the cumbersome nature of US EPA Method 1642, the method may not be the most applicable method for use in systems impacted predominantly by stormwater and other non-point source pollution. Findings from this study, however, provide guidance on the application of fecal indicator virus in ambient coastal surface waters.
Carbon Nanotubes Produced After Forest Fire Oxidized and Functionalized with Fluorescein Isothiocyanate Improve Development of Avena sativa
Authors: Marco Antonio Alemán-Méndez , Javier Villegas Moreno , Kumar-Tiwari Dhirendra , Jesús Campos García , Juárez-Cisneros Gladys 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The use of synthetic carbon nanotubes has been widely studied in plant crops, however, knowledge about carbon nanotubes of natural origin is limited, therefore, in this work the effect of MWCNT obtained in samples after treatment was evaluated. a forest fire on the biomass and germination of Avena sativa, as well as the behavior of these MWCNT when subjected to chemical oxidation and subsequent functionalization, where positive effects were observed both in the germination speed as well as in the percentage, on the other hand there was a significant increase in fresh and dry weight, these results give help us an information for understood better the way the MWCNT improve plant development.
Effect of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with Indol-3-butyric Acid on the Development of Avena sativa
Authors: Fernández-Gómez Daniela , Villegas-Moreno Javier , Kumar-Tiwari Dhirendra , Campos-García Jesús , Juárez-Cisneros Gladys 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In pioneering research, it has been documented that the CNT influences the development of plants through the balance of phytoregulators. Therefore, in this work the objective is to evaluate the effects of CNT functionalized by non-covalent method with indole-3-butyric acid that they have on Avena sativa. The CNT was characterized by FTIR and Raman to confirm functionalization. It was observed that in the germination stage the seeds treated with IBA inhibited germination, however, when functionalizing the CNT with IBA it was observed that the CNT is contributing to counteract this inhibition.
Effect of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with Kinetin on the Development of Avena sativa
Authors: Fernández-Gómez Daniela , Villegas-Moreno Javier , Kumar-Tiwari Dhirendra , Gómez-Romero Mariela , Juárez-Cisneros Gladys 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In pioneering research, it has been documented that the CNT influences the development of plants through the balance of phytoregulators. Therefore, in this work the objective is to evaluate the effects of the CNT functionalized by non-covalent method with kinetin that have in Avena sativa. CNT was characterized by FTIR and Raman to confirm functionality. The results showed that the application of CNT with phytoregulators modified plant development.
Automated detection of double nuclei galaxies using Gothic and the discovery of a large sample of dual AGN
Authors: Bhattacharya Anwesh , Nehal C P , Das Mousumi , Paswan Abhishek , Saha Snehanshu , Combes Françoise 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a novel algorithm to detect double nuclei galaxies (DNG) called Gothic (Graph-bOosTed iterated HIll Climbing) – that detects whether a given image of a galaxy has two or more closely separated nuclei. Our aim is to test for the presence of dual/multiple active galactic nuclei (AGN) in galaxies that visually represent a DNG. Although galaxy mergers are common, the detection of dual AGN is rare. Their detection is very important as they help us understand the formation of supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries, SMBH growth and AGN feedback effects in multiple nuclei systems. There is thus a need for an algorithm to do a systematic survey of existing imaging data for the discovery of DNGs and dual AGNs. We have tested Gothic on an established sample of DNGs with a 100 per cent detection rate and subsequently conducted a blind search of 1 million SDSS DR16 galaxies (with spectroscopic data available) lying in the redshift range of z = 0 to 0.75. From the list of candidate DNGs found, we have detected 159 dual AGNs, of which 2 are triple AGN systems. Our results show that dual AGNs are not common, and triple AGN even rarer. The colour (u–r) magnitude plots of the DNGs indicate that star formation is quenched as the nuclei come closer and as the AGN fraction increases. The quenching is especially prominent for dual/triple AGN galaxies that lie at the extreme end of the red sequence.
The chemical evolution of the solar neighbourhood for planet-hosting stars
Authors: Pignatari Marco , Trueman Thomas C L , Womack Kate A , Gibson Brad K , Côté Benoit , Turrini Diego , Sneden Christopher , Mojzsis Stephen J , Stancliffe Richard J , Fong Paul , Lawson Thomas V , Keegans James D , Pilkington Kate , Passy Jean-Claude , Beers Timothy C , Lugaro Maria 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Theoretical physical-chemical models for the formation of planetary systems depend on data quality for the Sun’s composition, that of stars in the solar neighbourhood, and of the estimated ’pristine’ compositions for stellar systems. The effective scatter and the observational uncertainties of elements within a few hundred parsecs from the Sun, even for the most abundant metals like carbon, oxygen and silicon, are still controversial. Here we analyse the stellar production and the chemical evolution of key elements that underpin the formation of rocky (C, O, Mg, Si) and gas/ice giant planets (C, N, O, S). We calculate 198 galactic chemical evolution (GCE) models of the solar neighbourhood to analyse the impact of different sets of stellar yields, of the upper mass limit for massive stars contributing to GCE (Mup) and of supernovae from massive-star progenitors which do not eject the bulk of the iron-peak elements (faint supernovae). Even considering the GCE variation produced via different sets of stellar yields, the observed dispersion of elements reported for stars in the Milky Way (MW) disc is not reproduced. Among others, the observed range of super-solar [Mg/Si] ratios, sub-solar [S/N], and the dispersion of up to 0.5 dex for [S/Si] challenge our models. The impact of varying Mup depends on the adopted supernova yields. Thus, observations do not provide a constraint on the Mup parametrization. When including the impact of faint supernova models in GCE calculations, elemental ratios vary by up to 0.1–0.2 dex in the MW disc; this modification better reproduces observations.
Constraints on tidal quality factor in Kepler eclipsing binaries using tidal synchronization: a frequency-dependent approach
Authors: Patel Ruskin , Penev Kaloyan , Schussler Joshua 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Tidal dissipation in binary systems is the primary source for synchronization and circularization of the objects in the system. The efficiency of the dissipation of tidal energy inside stars or planets results in significant changes in observed properties of the binary system and is often studied empirically using a parameter, commonly known as the modified tidal quality factor (${Q_{\star }^{\prime }}$). Though often assumed constant, in general that parameter will depend on the particular tidal wave experiencing the dissipation and the properties of the tidally distorted object. In this work, we study the frequency dependence of ${Q_{\star }^{\prime }}$ for Sun-like stars. We parametrize ${Q_{\star }^{\prime }}$ as a saturating power law in tidal frequency and obtain constraints using the stellar rotation period of 70 eclipsing binaries observed by Kepler. We use Bayesian analysis to account for the uncertainties in the observational data required for tidal evolution. Our analysis shows that ${Q_{\star }^{\prime }}$ is well constrained for tidal periods &gt;15 d, with a value of ${Q_{\star }^{\prime }}\sim 10^8$ for periods &gt;30 d and a slight suggested decrease at shorter periods. For tidal periods &lt;15 d, ${Q_{\star }^{\prime }}$ is no longer tightly constrained, allowing for a broad range of possible values that overlaps with the constraints obtained using tidal circularization in binaries, which point to much more efficient dissipation: ${Q_{\star }^{\prime }}\sim 10^6$.
On the nature of slowly rising interaction-powered supernovae
Authors: Moriya Takashi J 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Some interaction-powered supernovae have long rise times of more than 100 d. We show that such long rise times are naturally expected if cirumstellar matters (CSM) have a flat density structure (s ≲ 1.5, where ρCSM∝r−s). In such cases, bolometric luminosities from the CSM interaction keep increasing as long as the CSM interacts with the outer layers of the SN ejecta. Thus, the rise time is determined by the dynamical time-scale in which the reverse shock propagates the outer layers of the SN ejecta, not by the time-scales in which photons diffuse in the CSM as often considered. Interaction-powered supernovae with very long rise times can be an important probe of extensive non-steady mass-loss in massive stars.
Y-Linked Copy Number Polymorphism of Target of Rapamycin Is Associated with Sexual Size Dimorphism in Seed Beetles
Authors: Kaufmann Philipp , Wiberg R Axel W , Papachristos Konstantinos , Scofield Douglas G , Tellgren-Roth Christian , Immonen Elina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Y chromosome is theorized to facilitate evolution of sexual dimorphism by accumulating sexually antagonistic loci, but empirical support is scarce. Due to the lack of recombination, Y chromosomes are prone to degenerative processes, which poses a constraint on their adaptive potential. Yet, in the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus segregating Y linked variation affects male body size and thereby sexual size dimorphism (SSD). Here, we assemble C. maculatus sex chromosome sequences and identify molecular differences associated with Y-linked SSD variation. The assembled Y chromosome is largely euchromatic and contains over 400 genes, many of which are ampliconic with a mixed autosomal and X chromosome ancestry. Functional annotation suggests that the Y chromosome plays important roles in males beyond primary reproductive functions. Crucially, we find that, besides an autosomal copy of the gene target of rapamycin (TOR), males carry an additional TOR copy on the Y chromosome. TOR is a conserved regulator of growth across taxa, and our results suggest that a Y-linked TOR provides a male specific opportunity to alter body size. A comparison of Y haplotypes associated with male size difference uncovers a copy number variation for TOR, where the haplotype associated with decreased male size, and thereby increased sexual dimorphism, has two additional TOR copies. This suggests that sexual conflict over growth has been mitigated by autosome to Y translocation of TOR followed by gene duplications. Our results reveal that despite of suppressed recombination, the Y chromosome can harbor adaptive potential as a male-limited supergene.
ʿAbdul Razzāq Kāshānī
Authors: Chamankhah Leila 
Published: July 2023

ʿAbdul Razzāq Kāshānī (also Qāshānī, d. ah 735/1335? ce), the Iranian Sufi, exegete, commentator, and one of the most significant expositors of Ibn ʿArabī’s (d. ah 638/1240 ce) theoretical mysticism (ʿirfān-i naẓarī), is a stimulating figure for both Western and Iranian scholars. Kāshānī was also a pioneer figure for using Shiʿa sources, including Hadith, to read and interpret Akbarīan mysticism, an initiative that influenced mystics such as Sayyid Ḥaydar Āmulī (d. ah 787/1385 ce) to maintain that Shiʿism and Sufism have inherent unification and should be regarded as identical. Kāshānī’s correspondences with his peer ʿAlāʾ u-Dawlah Simnānī (d. ah 736/1336 ce), a critic of ʿirfān-i naẓarī and the doctrine of waḥdat al-wujūd, indicate his deep and first-hand familiarity with his master’s philosophical mysticism. As a prolific writer of some forty-five books and treatises, and a teacher whose circle initiated and trained Sufis such as Sharaf al-Dīn Dāwūd Qayṣarī (d. ah 751/1350 ce), he left an undeniable mark on later mystics and philosophers who all shared the robust legacy of Ibn ʿArabī. Kāshānī died sometime in or around ah 735/1335 ce, in Naṭanz and is buried there.