bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modular Car Design for Reuse
Authors: von Freeden Justus , de Wit Jesper , Caba Stefan , Lies Carsten , Huxdorf Oliver 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe design of reusable composite structures for cars needs high constructional effort. The car must be divided into separable modules meeting ecologic and economic requirements. Here, a battery containing platform and a seating structure were selected as large components with high potential for reuse. In a first step the desired car is described setting the basic scenario. A carsharing vehicle shows perfect conditions due to low logistics effort and the business model of the owner. This sets the boundary conditions for the design of the platform. Two different approaches were tested and merged into a concept ready for reuse. Simulations of the stiffness and the crash performance show good values. First large CFRP profiles were produced in a complex pultrusion process. An associated seating structure following similar design principles was constructed using profiles and nods. All load-cases that can occur during the utilization phase could be beared. Both modules together can form the basis of a reusable car. The design principles like detachable joints—in particular the utilization of detachable adhesive connections—can be adapted for any other technical composite product.
Cloud-Based Platform for the Circular Value-Chain
Authors: Arabsolgar Dena , Musumeci Andrea 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe FiberEUse IT platform is a tool that enables the exchange of information among stakeholders working into and crossing the glass and carbon fibers value chains. The list of stakeholders had been identified and is listed into the document. The list of users of the platform is also listed into the document, although it is not fixed. During the collection and analysis of the requirements, the circularity of the approach had been in the core focus. This drove to the identification of solutions able to cover all the different and innovative aspects of a Circular Economy Systemic Innovation. New products, new processes, new materials, new connections, quick and unexpected introductions of innovations, methodological approach, end of waste concept, availability of objects for dismantle, not-standardized parameters, are only some of the aspects arisen analysing deeply the requirements. They have all been approached in the platform which is by definition circular, dynamic, expandable and polymorphic. In the FiberEUse project, the validation activities of the IT platform had adopted an agile approach involving demonstrators during the preliminary phases of analysis, and mock-up creation. An internal technical validation had been completed. The methodology had been adopted and main results are reported in Sect. 5.
Use Case 1: Mechanical Recycling of Short Fibers
Authors: Lammer Herfried , König Tamara , Bonaiti Giacomo , Onori Roberto 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe main objective of Use Case 1 is the development of industrial demonstrators of new products incorporating mechanically recycled glass fiber composites. These demonstrators will determinate the technical feasibility and cost effectiveness for glass and carbon fibers recycling solutions. The demonstrators include structural parts like a ski by HEAD Sport and sanitary products like shower trays by Novellini where the recycling fibers are used for existing products. A series of design concepts have been developed supported by a design briefing and a co-design methodology for street furniture and similar products, where the recycled materials are already considered from the start of the design of the product.
Use Case 2: Thermal Recycling of Long Fibers
Authors: García-Arrieta Sonia , Benito Iratxe López , García Marta , Bonaiti Giacomo , Escudero Olatz Ollo , Elizetxea Cristina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter describes the industrial demonstration of the reuse of recycled fibers obtained by a thermal process. Four demonstrators are described in which both recycled carbon fibers and recycled glass fibers have been incorporated into different matrices. The automotive sector proposes 3 demo cases (Pedal Bracket, Front-end carrier and Cowl top support) with demanding mechanical and thermal requirements. These components were manufactured by injection molding with thermoplastic matrices. The construction sector proposes 1 demo case (Light transmitting single skin profiled sheet.) with mechanical and light transmittance requirements that was manufactured by continuous lamination. It is demonstrated that the incorporation of recycled fiber for these applications is technically possible, fulfilling the requirements demanded by each sector.
Use Case 3: Modular Car Parts Disassembly and Remanufacturing
Authors: Caba Stefan , von Freeden Justus , de Wit Jesper , Huxdorf Oliver 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCars designed for reuse are a novelty. The disassembly and remanufacturing of major vehicle structures is not an established process yet. This means new tasks and within that, new business models must be found to close the loop. New facilities and logistics are part of the process chain. In this chapter the processes will be outlined on basis of a car-sharing vehicle as an example of a fleet ownership. The reusable platform and the seat structure are the basis of this model-based consideration. The technical issues and obstacles will be discussed as well as economic and ecologic questions.
Economic and Risk Assessment of New Circular Economy Business Models
Authors: Ijomah Winifred , Trivyza Nikoletta L. , Tuni Andrea , Rentizelas Athanasios , Gutteridge Fiona , Mathes Volker 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCircular economy business models are key enablers of the circular economy. However, they must also be economically viable to materialize in reality, since profitability is a major business driver. Assessment of the economic potential of circular economy business model is subjected to significant uncertainties and to a range of risks, due to their novel nature. This chapter firstly discusses the economic assessment of the circular business models specifically for composites, based on five business model cases from various sectors, focusing on the identification of the major causes of uncertainty and then performing sampling-based sensitivity analysis to investigate the viability of the circular economy business models under uncertainty. The findings show that the proposed circular economy business models are not always more profitable than the existing models. Thus, in some instances new market stimulus would need to be identified and implemented to increase attractiveness of the proposed solutions. As a consequence, the chapter identifies and prioritizes risk factors for new circular economy business models for composites. The risk analysis uses input from industry experts and the literature to come up with a key risk factors list relevant to circular economy business models for composite materials. The risk analysis concludes that the key risk factors are both from the demand/market and supply side.
Impact of Policy Actions on the Deployment of the Circular Value-Chain for Composites
Authors: Diani Marco , Abdalla Abdelrahman H. , de Melo Pereira Claudio Luis , Colledani Marcello 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe effect of legislation on composites recycling can be both a driving force, such as in the case of End-of-Life Vehicle legislation, that is making it mandatory to reuse the materials used in vehicle manufacturing, or a boundary, increasing the burden to manufacturers reusing composite materials. As a consequence, a deep study on the impact of policies on the reuse of composites is fundamental to promote those actions boosting the deployment of circular value-chains. In this Chapter, a model based on System Dynamics theory, representing the entire industrial environment of composite materials, has been developed, leading to a prioritization of most impacting legislations, providing conclusions and recommendations derived from data.
Disassembly of Large Composite-Rich Installations
Authors: Diani Marco , Picone Nicoletta , Gentilini Luca , Jensen Jonas Pagh , Angius Alessio , Colledani Marcello 
Published: January 2023

AbstractConsidering the demanufacturing of large infrastructures (as wind blades and aircrafts) rich in composite materials, the most impacting step in terms of costs is disassembly. Different routes could be followed for dismantling and transportation and several factors influence the final result (as the technology used, the logistic and the administrative issues). For this reason, it is fundamental to understand which solution has to be followed to reduce the impact of decommissioning on the overall recycling and reusing cost. This work, after the formalization of the different possible disassembly scenarios, proposes a Decision Support System (DSS) for disassembly of large composite-rich installations, that has been designed and implemented for the identification of the most promising disassembly strategy, according to the process costs minimization. The mathematical models constituting the core of this tool are detailed and the DSS is applied to disassembly of onshore wind blades, underling the importance of similar systems to optimize demanufacturing costs.
Smart Composite Mechanical Demanufacturing Processes
Authors: Diani Marco , Picone Nicoletta , Colledani Marcello 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecycling of Glass Fibers Reinforced Plastics (GFRP) can be preferentially performed through mechanical processes due to the low cost of virgin fibers. Because of the poorer mechanical properties after comminution, the most interesting solution to reuse this material is a cross-sectorial approach, in which particles obtained through shredding of products from one sector are used in another sector. To allow this, a fine control on the particles dimension is fundamental, together with the minimization of operational costs. In this chapter, after a deep analysis on the available size reduction technologies and a preliminary feasibility analysis on the products involved in Use-Case 1 of the FiberEUse project, a 2-step architecture to optimize these two characteristics is presented. The models for both steps are shown and the developed solutions is applied to the End-of-Life products, demonstrating the potential of this approach, leading to optimal dimension of the particle with operational costs lower than both virgin fibers and disposal costs.
Thermal Demanufacturing Processes for Long Fibers Recovery
Authors: García-Arrieta Sonia , Sarlin Essi , Calle Amaia De La , Dimiccoli Antonello , Saviano Laura , Elizetxea Cristina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe possibility of recycling glass (GF) and carbon fibers (CF) from fiber-reinforced composites by using pyrolysis was studied. Different fibers from composite waste were recovered with thermal treatment. The recycled fibers were evaluated as a reinforcement for new materials or applications. The main objective was to evaluate the fibers obtained from the different types of industrial composite waste considering the format obtained, the cleanliness and the amount of inorganic fillers and finally, the fibers quality. These characteristics defined the processes, sectors and applications in which recycled fibers can replace virgin fibers. These fibers were also evaluated and validated with tensile testing and compared to the tensile strength of virgin GF and CF.
Fiber Resizing, Compounding and Validation
Authors: Laurikainen Pekka , Palola Sarianna , Calle Amaia De La , Elizetxea Cristina , García-Arrieta Sonia , Sarlin Essi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe mechanical performance of a composite is greatly related to the load transfer capability of the interface between the matrix and the reinforcing fibers, i.e. the fiber/matrix adhesion, which is enhanced by a surface treatment called sizing. The original sizing of reinforcing fibers is removed during recycling process, which is recognized to contribute in typical issues of recycled fibers, namely uneven fiber properties and poor fiber/matrix adhesion. Applying a new sizing, a process denoted here as resizing, can help mitigate the issues. Furthermore, the sizing has a major role in improving the processability of the fibers as it contributes to the distribution of the fibers in the matrix. Proper distribution, along with the fiber fraction, are highly important for the composite performance. These properties are ensured by proper compounding. Here we demonstrate and validate the process steps to resize and compound recycled glass and carbon fibers with thermoplastic matrices. We found that at a relatively high sizing concentration, the compounding of all tested material combinations was possible. The resizing of the recycled fibers improved the compatibility at the fiber/matrix interface. It was concluded that recycled fibers can be used to replace virgin fibers in automotive industry to allow weight reductions and to promote circularity.
Additive Manufacturing of Recycled Composites
Authors: Mantelli Andrea , Romani Alessia , Suriano Raffaella , Levi Marinella , Turri Stefano 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAn additive remanufacturing process for mechanically recycled glass fibers and thermally recycled carbon fibers was developed. The main purpose was to demonstrate the feasibility of an additive remanufacturing process starting from recycled glass and carbon fibers to obtain a new photo- and thermally-curable composite. 3D printable and UV-curable inks were developed and characterized for new ad-hoc UV-assisted 3D printing apparatus. Rheological behavior was investigated and optimized considering the 3D printing process, the recyclate content, and the level of dispersion in the matrix. Some requirements for the new formulations were defined. Moreover, new printing apparatuses were designed and modified to improve the remanufacturing process. Different models and geometries were defined with different printable ink formulations to test material mechanical properties and overall process quality on the final pieces. To sum up, 3D printable inks with different percentages of recycled glass fiber and carbon fiber reinforced polymers were successfully 3D printed.
Composite Finishing for Reuse
Authors: Romani Alessia , Suriano Raffaella , Mantelli Andrea , Levi Marinella , Tralli Paolo , Laurila Jussi , Vuoristo Petri 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCoating processes are emerging for new applications related to remanufactured products from End-of-Life materials. In this perspective, their employment can generate interesting scenarios for the design of products and solutions in circular economy frameworks, especially for composite materials. This chapter would give an overview of coating design and application for recycled glass fiber reinforced polymers on the base of the experimentation made within the FiberEUse project. New cosmetic and functional coatings were developed and tested on different polymer composite substrates filled with mechanically recycled End-of-Life glass fibers. Afterwards, recycled glass fiber reinforced polymer samples from water-solvable 3D printed molds were successfully coated. Finally, new industrial applications for the developed coatings and general guidelines for the coating of recycled glass fiber reinforced polymers were proposed by using the FiberEUse Demo Cases as a theoretical proof-of-concept.
Thiopurines impair the apical plasma membrane expression of CFTR in pancreatic ductal cells via RAC1 inhibition
Authors: Tél Bálint , Papp Noémi , Varga Árpád , Szabó Viktória , Görög Marietta , Susánszki Petra , Crul Tim , Kis Aletta , Sendstad Ingrid H. , Bagyánszki Mária , Bódi Nikolett , Hegyi Péter , Maléth József , Pallagi Petra 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background and aims
Thiopurine-induced acute pancreatitis (TIP) is one of the most common adverse events among inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with azathioprine (AZA), representing a significant clinical burden. Previous studies focused on immune-mediated processes, however, the exact pathomechanism of TIP is essentially unclear.

Methods
To model TIP in vivo, we triggered cerulein-induced experimental pancreatitis in mice receiving a daily oral dose of 1.5 mg/kg AZA. Also, freshly isolated mouse pancreatic cells were exposed to AZA ex vivo, and acinar cell viability, ductal and acinar Ca2+ signaling, ductal Cl– and HCO3– secretion, as well as cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expression were assessed using microscopy techniques. Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (RAC1) activity was measured with a G-LISA assay. Super-resolution microscopy was used to determine protein colocalization.

Results
We demonstrated that AZA treatment increases tissue damage in the early phase of cerulein-induced pancreatitis in vivo. Also, both per os and ex vivo AZA exposure impaired pancreatic fluid and ductal HCO3– and Cl– secretion, but did not affect acinar cells. Furthermore, ex vivo AZA exposure also inhibited RAC1 activity in ductal cells leading to decreased co-localization of CFTR and the anchor protein ezrin, resulting in impaired plasma membrane localization of CFTR.

Conclusions
AZA impaired the ductal HCO3– and Cl– secretion through the inhibition of RAC1 activity leading to diminished ezrin-CFTR interaction and disturbed apical plasma membrane expression of CFTR. We report a novel direct toxic effect of AZA on pancreatic ductal cells and suggest that the restoration of ductal function might help to prevent TIP in the future.
ABC-transporter CFTR folds with high fidelity through a modular, stepwise pathway
Authors: Im Jisu , Hillenaar Tamara , Yeoh Hui Ying , Sahasrabudhe Priyanka , Mijnders Marjolein , van Willigen Marcel , Hagos Azib , de Mattos Eduardo , van der Sluijs Peter , Braakman Ineke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe question how proteins fold is especially pointed for large multi-domain, multi-spanning membrane proteins with complex topologies. We have uncovered the sequence of events that encompass proper folding of the ABC transporter CFTR in live cells by combining kinetic radiolabeling with protease-susceptibility assays. We found that CFTR folds in two clearly distinct stages. The first, co-translational, stage involves folding of the 2 transmembrane domains TMD1 and TMD2, plus one nucleotide-binding domain, NBD1. The second stage is a simultaneous, post-translational increase in protease resistance for both TMDs and NBD2, caused by assembly of these domains onto NBD1. Our assays probe every 2–3 residues (on average) in CFTR. This in-depth analysis at amino-acid level allows detailed analysis of domain folding and importantly also the next level: assembly of the domains into native, folded CFTR. Defects and changes brought about by medicines, chaperones, or mutations also are amenable to analysis. We here show that the well-known disease-causing mutation F508del, which established cystic fibrosis as protein-folding disease, caused co-translational misfolding of NBD1 but not TMD1 nor TMD2 in stage 1, leading to absence of stage-2 folding. Corrector drugs rescued stage 2 without rescuing NBD1. Likewise, the DxD motif in NBD1 that was identified to be required for export of CFTR from the ER we found to be required already upstream of export as CFTR mutated in this motif phenocopies F508del CFTR. The highly modular and stepwise folding process of such a large, complex protein explains the relatively high fidelity and correctability of its folding.
On the critical exponent and sharp lifespan estimates for semilinear damped wave equations with data from Sobolev spaces of negative order
Authors: Chen Wenhui , Reissig Michael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe study semilinear damped wave equations with power nonlinearity $$|u|^p$$

|
u
|

p

and initial data belonging to Sobolev spaces of negative order $$\dot{H}^{-\gamma }$$

H
˙

-
γ

. In the present paper, we obtain a new critical exponent $$p=p_{\textrm{crit}}(n,\gamma ):=1+\frac{4}{n+2\gamma }$$

p
=

p
crit

(
n
,
γ
)

:
=
1
+

4

n
+
2
γ

for some $$\gamma \in (0,\frac{n}{2})$$

γ
∈
(
0
,

n
2

)

and low dimensions in the framework of Sobolev spaces of negative order. Precisely, global (in time) existence of small data Sobolev solutions of lower regularity is proved for $$p>p_{\textrm{crit}}(n,\gamma )$$

p
>

p
crit

(
n
,
γ
)

, and blow-up of weak solutions in finite time even for small data if $$1<p<p_{\textrm{crit}}(n,\gamma )$$

1
<
p
<

p
crit

(
n
,
γ
)

. Furthermore, in order to more accurately describe the blow-up time, we investigate sharp upper bound and lower bound estimates for the lifespan in the subcritical case.
Geometric multipole expansion and its application to semi-neutral inclusions of general shape
Authors: Choi Doosung , Kim Junbeom , Lim Mikyoung 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe consider the conductivity problem with a simply connected or multi-coated inclusion in two dimensions. The potential perturbation due to an inclusion admits a classical multipole expansion whose coefficients are the so-called generalized polarization tensors (GPTs). The GPTs have been fundamental building blocks in conductivity inclusion problems. In this paper, we present a new concept of geometric multipole expansion and its expansion coefficients, named the Faber polynomial polarization tensors (FPTs), using the conformal mapping and the Faber polynomials associated with the inclusion. The proposed expansion leads us to a series solution method for a simply connected or multi-coated inclusion of general shape, while the classical expansion leads us to a series solution only for a single- or multilayer circular inclusion. We also provide matrix expressions for the FPTs using the Grunsky matrix of the inclusion. In particular, for the simply connected inclusion with extreme conductivity, the FPTs admit simple formulas in terms of the conformal mapping associated with the inclusion. As an application of the concept of the FPTs, we construct semi-neutral inclusions of general shape that show relatively negligible field perturbations for low-order polynomial loadings. These inclusions are of the multilayer structure whose material parameters are determined such that some coefficients of geometric multipole expansion vanish.
Thermoforming of wood-plastic composites: a compolytics-approach translating combined polymer and policy analyses into industrial design principles
Authors: Friedrich Daniel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Wood-plastic composite (WPC) saves plastics, but products are still limited to linear decking and cladding. For advanced productions of three-dimensional WPCs, design principles were derived from seven published pre-studies on thermoforming. For this, a combined method of polymer research and socio-technological investigations reported in WPC research as compolytics-approach, derived a total effect-model for thermoforming and developed a decision tree with target group-specific settings of production parameters. Fourteen application-relevant material properties were influenced (p = 0.001) by thermoforming, with the strongest effects on colour (max. R2 = 0.93), followed by strength criteria (max. R2 = 0.41). Satisfying private deciders’ preferences for optimal façade appearance, a highest possible temperature should be applied for narrow bending under high wood content. Professionals value maximal strength, which demands a compound-independent wider bending at lower heat. The applicability of the design principles was assessed by case studies serving further research on WPC product development.