bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human T cell lines differing in phenotype and specificity are reactive with the same anti-idiotypic antibody.
Authors: Borst J , Boylston A W , de Vries J E , Spits H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
3D6, a monoclonal antibody selected for reactivity with the T cell antigen receptor on the T leukemic cell line HPB-ALL, was found to react with 3 to 13% of peripheral blood T lymphocytes of 10 out of 15 normal donors. Peripheral T cells of two donors were stimulated with allogeneic cells, and the 3D6+ cells were enriched by rosetting 3D6-coated cells with goat anti-mouse-coupled human red blood cells and were expanded in interleukin 2-containing medium. In this way, 90 to 100% 3D6+ cell lines were obtained that were cytotoxic for the allogeneic stimulator cells. 3D6 antibody could block antigen-specific cytotoxicity, as well as induce nonspecific cytotoxicity toward target cells that could not be killed in the absence of the 3D6 antibody. The 3D6+ cell populations contained T4+, as well as T8+ cells, indicating that 3D6 antibody defined a T cell receptor population that might harbor various antigenic specificities. One 3D6+ cell line was separated into T4+ T8- and T4- T8+ populations. 3D6 reactive T cell receptors isolated from HPB-ALL and normal cell lines were analyzed biochemically by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and V8 protease peptide mapping. Isoelectric focusing analysis provided additional evidence for the idea that 3D6 antibody detected a number of structurally distinct T cell receptors, because the T cell receptor alpha-chain was homogeneous in charge after desialation on the clonal tumor line HPB-ALL, but remained heterogeneous in charge on the 3D6+ normal cell lines. No great differences in charge were found between T cell receptors isolated from T4+ and T8+ 3D6+ lines, but their isoelectric focusing patterns were not identical. V8 protease peptide mapping revealed structural differences between the T cell receptor alpha-chain isolated from HPB-ALL on one hand and from the normal 3D6+ lines on the other, whereas the beta-chains did not differ greatly in primary structure according to this analysis. In addition, the peptide mapping suggested differences in primary structure between T cell receptors present on the T4+ population vs those present on the T8+ populations.
Production and characterization of a bovine T cell-specific monoclonal antibody identifying a mature differentiation antigen.
Authors: Rabinovsky E D , Yang T J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A monoclonal antibody (MAb), BLT-1, with specificity for bovine mature T cells was prepared by somatic cell hybridization of myeloma NS-1 and spleen cells from BALB/c mice hyperimmunized with bovine T lymphocytes. The MAb reacted with over 92% of nylon wool-nonadherent lymphocytes (T cells) but not with nylon wool-adherent EAC-positive lymphocytes (B cells) in the indirect immunofluorescence assay. It is an IgM, with kappa-light chains, which fixed complement well and killed over 95% of mature T cells in complement-mediated cytotoxicity assays. It reacted with the same proportions of peripheral lymphoid cells (peripheral blood, lymph nodes, and spleen) as the polyclonal goat anti-bovine thymocyte serum (GABTS), but only with 25% of GABTS-positive thymocytes. Immunoperoxidase staining of frozen tissue sections showed that the BLT-1-positive cells were located in the medulla of the thymus and in the T lymphocyte areas of lymph nodes. Western immunoblotting assays showed that the BLT-1-reactive membrane antigen is a 22,000 m.w. protein which was inducible in bovine thymocytes with bovine thymic hormones, thymosin fraction 5, thymosin alpha 1, and thymopentin ORF-18150, indicating that it is a mature T lymphocyte differentiation antigen. The thymosin alpha 1 and thymopentin were found to show additive effects on mature T cell antigen expression by bovine thymocytes.
Purification to homogeneity and NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of a novel interleukin 1 species derived from a human B cell line.
Authors: Rimsky L , Wakasugi H , Ferrara P , Robin P , Capdevielle J , Tursz T , Fradelizi D , Bertoglio J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A subclone, referred to as 3B6, derived from a DR-negative EBV-transformed B cell line, has been found to spontaneously produce IL 1. 3B6-IL 1 displays a pI of 5 on FPLC chromatofocusing. It has been purified to homogeneity by a sequence of ion-exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography on procion red agarose. The homogeneous material migrated with an apparent m.w. of 13,500 on SDS-PAGE. The overall recovery of IL 1 activity was estimated at 57%. The final material had a specific activity of 7.8 X 10(6) half-maximal units/mg and represented a 50,000-fold purification. A partial NH2-terminal amino acid sequence has been obtained that is different from those reported from monocytic IL 1. However, this molecule can formally be identified as IL 1 on its spectrum of biologic activities. In addition to inducing the proliferation of murine thymocytes in the co-stimulator assay. 3B6-IL 1 is active on both human T and B cells, respectively, in inducing IL 2 synthesis by cells from a subcloned HSB 2 line and promoting the proliferation of anti-IgM-stimulated human peripheral blood B lymphocytes. Furthermore, 3B6-IL 1 acts as a growth factor for normal human fibroblasts and for the 3B6 line itself. However, 3B6-IL 1 is not pyrogenic in rabbits. Thus, the 3B6 cell line was shown to produce a new molecular species of IL 1, with respect to its NH2-terminal sequence, which shared all of the studied biologic activities of monocytic IL 1 except for pyrogenicity.
The role of class II MHC molecules in the activation of class I-reactive T cell hybridomas.
Authors: Minami M , Nariuchi H , Kawasaki H , Dorf M E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To examine the role of Ia molecules in T cell responses to allo-class I major histocompatibility antigens, a series of allo-class I-reactive T cell hybridomas was established. Of 134 T cell hybridomas obtained from the fusion of C3H/HeJm or B10.HTT T cells stimulated with C57BL/6 splenocytes, nine T cell hybridomas were reactive to class I antigens and 126 T cell hybridomas were reactive to class II antigens. Six of the nine IL 2-producing T cell hybridomas were further analyzed: five mapped to H-2Kb and the other mapped to H-2Db. Three of these T cell hybridomas, HTB-157.7, HTB-176.10, and HTB-177.2, could react to the EL-4 cell line that expresses H-2Kb and H-2Db class I antigens but lacks class II I-Ab molecules. Furthermore, the activation of these three T cell hybridomas with C57BL/6-derived splenocytes was not blocked by either anti-I-A or anti-L3T4 antibody. In contrast, the other three T cell hybridomas, CB-127.6, CB-221.7, and HTB-102.7, failed to react with EL-4 but reacted with the LB cell line which expresses class I (H-2Kb, H-2Db) and class II (I-Ab) molecules. Although class II molecules were required for activation of the latter clones, there was no apparent I-A allele specificity, suggesting that a relatively nonpolymorphic Ia determinant was involved. The activation of the three latter T cell hybridoma clones with C57BL/6 splenocytes could be blocked completely by either anti-I-A or anti-L3T4 antibody. The data are interpreted in terms of possible T cell receptor models for recognition of class I with nonpolymorphic class II determinants.
Effect of T3 modulation on pokeweed mitogen-induced T cell activation: evidence for an alternative pathway of T cell activation.
Authors: Ceuppens J L , Meurs L , Baroja M L , Van Wauwe J P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Modulation of the T3 molecule on human T cells with monoclonal anti-T3 antibodies has been shown to result in the disappearance of the T3-Ti complex from the membrane and to preclude subsequent T cell activation by various mitogenic and antigenic stimuli. We have examined the effect of T3 modulation on pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced T cell activation. T3 modulation was accomplished by incubating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or mixtures of T cells and non-T cells at 37 degrees C for 18 hr in the presence of UCHT-1, a mouse IgG1 anti-T3 monoclonal antibody. Only donors whose PBMC were unresponsive to the mitogenic activity of this antibody were selected. Although T3 modulation resulted in complete to substantial inhibition of T cell proliferation induced by low PWM concentrations of 5 or 50 ng/ml, it had no effect on T cell proliferation when PWM was added at a concentration of 0.5 and 5 micrograms/ml. The results demonstrate that the higher doses of PWM can induce T cell proliferation via an alternative pathway that does not involve participation of the T3-Ti complex. In contrast, irrespective of the PWM dose added, T3 modulation almost totally inhibited PWM-induced interleukin 2 (IL 2) production. The differential effect of T3 modulation on IL 2 production and on T cell proliferation induced by high doses of PWM suggests that this alternative pathway of T cell proliferation is IL 2 independent. This suggestion was additionally substantiated by the lack of effect of anti-Tac, and anti-IL 2 receptor antibody, on PWM-induced proliferation of T3-modulated T cells. In conclusion our data demonstrate that high doses of PWM can induce T cells to proliferate via an alternative pathway that does not involve perturbation of the T3-Ti complex.
Molecular basis of a unique tumor antigen of radiation leukemia virus-induced leukemia B6RV2: its relation to MuLV gp70 of xenotropic class.
Authors: Nakayama E , Uenaka A , DeLeo A B , Stockert E , Obata Y , Ueda R , Inui Y 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies that reacted with the B6 radiation leukemia virus (RadLV)-induced leukemia B6RV2 were produced by fusion of BALB/c NS-1 myeloma cells with spleen cells from (BALB/c X B6)F1 mice immunized with B6RV2. By direct and absorption analyses with 28 B6 and BALB/c leukemias, the monoclonal antibodies NU7-4 and NU7-99 were shown to react only with B6RV2, indicating that they recognized an individually distinct antigen on B6RV2 that was identified previously with conventional (BALB/c X B6)F1 anti-B6RV2 serum. Another monoclonal antibody, NU1-132, showed relatively restricted reactivity with B6 RadLV leukemias. These three monoclonal antibodies all precipitated material of approximately 80,000 daltons, which is the same size as that precipitated by anti-xenotropic MuLV gp70 serum. Sequential immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that the molecules precipitated by NU7-4 were not removed by pretreatment of NU7-99 or NU1-132 and that the molecules precipitated by NU7-99 were not removed by NU7-4 or NU1-132. The molecules precipitated by NU1-132 were partially removed by pretreatment with NU7-4, but not with NU7-99. The molecules precipitated by these three monoclonal antibodies were removed by pretreatment with anti-xenotropic gp70. These results suggested heterogeneity of the xenotropic MuLV gp70-related molecules expressed on B6RV2 and a possible relation between serologically defined unique tumor antigens and gp70-related molecules.
The contribution of constant region domains to the binding of murine IgM to Fc mu receptors on T cells.
Authors: Mathur A , Lynch R G , Köhler G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
IgM hybridoma constant region domain deletional mutants were used to investigate the domain requirements for binding of murine IgM to Fc mu receptors (Fc mu R) on normal murine T lymphocytes. Parental Sp 6:18 (mu, kappa; anti-trinitrophenyl) and its mutant proteins or their trinitrophenyl-antigen immune complexes were tested for their ability to inhibit the binding of pentameric IgM to Fc mu R on T lymphocytes. Inhibition was observed with ligands containing multiple copies of the third constant region domain. Inhibition did not occur with ligands missing the third constant region domain. In addition, a battery of rat monoclonal antibodies specific for individual murine IgM constant region domains was tested for the ability to inhibit the binding of pentameric murine IgM to Fc mu R on normal murine T lymphocytes. Total inhibition was observed with the antibodies directed to different epitopes located in C mu 3, but significant inhibition was not observed with antibodies directed to C mu 1, C mu 2, or C mu 4. Studies with domain deletional mutants and anti-domain antibodies have independently provided strong evidence that the C mu 3 domain plays a major role in the binding of IgM to Fc mu R on T lymphocytes and that C mu 1, C mu 2, and C mu 4 are not essential for binding. These studies have also provided evidence that valency and avidity influence the binding of IgM to T lymphocytes that express Fc mu R.
Structural characterization of the human B lymphocyte-restricted differentiation antigen CD22. Comparison with CD21 (complement receptor type 2/Epstein-Barr virus receptor).
Authors: Boué D R , Lebien T W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
CD22 and CD21 are glycoproteins primarily expressed on normal and neoplastic human B cells. The surface expression of these two molecules parallel each other during normal B cell differentiation, and the reported relative mobilities for CD22 and CD21 are 130/140 kDa and 140 kDa, respectively. Herein we present a detailed analysis of the biosynthesis and structure of CD22 and also compare it directly to CD21. Electrophoresis under reducing and nonreducing conditions suggested that CD22 and CD21 may have similarities in intra-chain disulfide bond formation. Biosynthesis and processing of CD22 and CD21 were very similar with respect to kinetics and post-translational modification, and both could be phosphorylated. However, endoglycosidase digestion (using N-glycanase and endoglycosidase H) and peptide mapping (using V8 protease and N-chlorosuccinimide) strongly suggested that CD22 and CD21 are distinct gene products.
Genetics of resistance to the African trypanosomes. VII. Trypanosome virulence is not linked to variable surface glycoprotein expression.
Authors: Inverso J A , De Gee A L , Mansfield J M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The question of linkage of virulence traits to variable surface glycoprotein (VSG) expression in African trypanosomiasis was addressed. Previously we demonstrated that daughter cells arising in mice infected with a genetically homogeneous trypanosome population of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense were more virulent than the infecting population (J. A. Inverso and J. M. Mansfield, J. Immunol. 130:412, 1983). These virulent trypanosomes expressed differences in surface phenotype compared with the infecting variant types, and we proposed that virulence may be "linked" to VSG expression. In the present study, however, we have shown that expression of virulence is independent of the VSG phenotype displayed by trypanosome populations. A VSG-identical but highly virulent subpopulation of T. b. rhodesiense LouTat 1 was derived by rapid subpassage and subcloning in immunosuppressed mice. The virulent LouTat 1A subclone derived in this manner killed B10.BR/SgSnJ mice in 3 to 4 days postinfection compared with approximately 60 days for the parent clone, LouTat 1. The virulent subclone LouTat 1A appears to express the same VSG as the less virulent LouTat 1 population, as determined by polyspecific and monoclonal antibody-binding assays, cross-protection tests, and amino acid sequence analyses of the N-terminal portion of the VSG molecules. When LouTat 1 and subclone LouTat 1A were injected into a heterologous host species, multiple variant antigenic types (VATs) arising from each inoculum were isolated and characterized. VATs derived from the virulent subclone were as uniformly virulent for B10.BR mice as LouTat 1A. In summary, these results demonstrate that trypanosome virulence, once expressed, is a stable phenotype that does not seem to be associated with a particular VSG phenotype, nor does virulence change with the expression of different VSG genes.
cDNA cloning of granzyme C, a granule-associated serine protease of cytolytic T lymphocytes.
Authors: Jenne D , Rey C , Masson D , Stanley K K , Herz J , Plaetinck G , Tschopp J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A cDNA clone corresponding to the complete amino acid sequence of a putative protease CCP2 of murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes was isolated and sequenced. The clone encodes a 248-residue long serine esterase. The deduced N-terminal amino acid sequence is identical over 40 residues to that of granzyme C, a protease of unknown function present in granules of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Analysis of the sequence of granzyme C/CCP2 reveals high homology to other granzyme proteases, i.e. granzyme A (40%) and granzyme B (67%) and to rat mast cell protease II (46%). The amino acids lining the specificity pocket are well conserved between granzyme B, C, and rat mast cell protease II, but not granzyme A, suggesting a similar general specificity of these three proteases.
Heavy chain V gene-specific elimination of B cells during the pre-B cell to B cell transition.
Authors: Decker D J , Kline G H , Hayden T A , Zaharevitz S N , Klinman N R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As developing B cells acquire their surface Ig (sIg) receptors, they become highly susceptible to sIg-mediated negative selection, a process best exemplified by tolerance induction. Recent studies with sIg transgenic mice have suggested that B cells may become inactivated by tolerogens only after a developmental stage wherein they express low levels of sIgM and during the course of up-regulating their expression of sIgM. To determine whether inactivation of B cells of conventional mice occurs at this or other maturational stages, we have analyzed the ratio of productive vs nonproductive rearrangements of VH81X gene segments in developmental subsets of adult bone marrow cells. Earlier studies had demonstrated that cells whose productively rearranged H chain V region contained a VH81X gene segment were selectively disfavored both during pre-B cell development and subsequent to sIg expression. Contrary to the expectations for elimination by tolerance, no decrease in the proportion of cells expressing productive rearrangements of VH81X was observed as cells matured from the sIgMlow to the sIgMhigh maturational stage. However, a significant decrease in the proportion of productively rearranged VH81X gene segments was observed following the transition from sIg- pre-B cells to sIgMlow immature B cells. Additionally, the proportion of productively rearranged VH81X gene segments was significantly higher in sIgMhigh bone marrow cells than in splenic B cells. These findings demonstrate that B cells are susceptible to H chain-specific elimination at two developmental stages other than that wherein B cells are generally assumed to be negatively selected by tolerance.
In CD8+ T cell-deficient lpr/lpr mice, CD4+B220+ and CD4+B220- T cells replace B220+ double-negative T cells as the predominant populations in enlarged lymph nodes.
Authors: Giese T , Davidson W F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mice homozygous for lpr or gld develop autoimmunity and progressive lymphoproliferative disease characterized by the accumulation of two unusual populations of B220+ TCR-alpha beta+ T cells, a predominant CD4-CD8- double-negative (DN) subset and a minor CD4dull+ subset. B220+ DN T cells appear to be derived from negatively selected thymocytes, but their immediate precursors have not been identified conclusively, and their relationship to CD4+B220+ T cells is unclear. Our previous studies of lpr and gld mice treated chronically with anti-CD8 mAb provided evidence that the majority of B220+ DN T cells are unrelated to CD4+B220+ T cells and may be descended from peripheral thymus-derived CD8+ T cells. To investigate the contributions of MHC class I-selected thymus-derived T cells to the production of B220+ DN T cells and to the accumulation of CD4+ T cell subsets, we studied C3H-lpr and -gld mice rendered deficient in CD8+ T cells by the introduction of disrupted beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) genes. These CD8+ T cell-deficient mice developed massively enlarged lymph nodes, in which CD4+B220+ T cells and CD4+ T cells replaced B220+ DN T cells as the dominant T cell subsets. As a population, the CD4+B220+ T cells were depleted of autoreactive populations specific for endogenous retroviral superantigens and were enriched for V beta 8.3+ T cells. The deficiency of CD8+ T cells in beta 2-m(-/-)-lpr mice had no effects on the accumulation of primed CD4+ T cells or autoreactive B cells. The selective reduction in B220+ DN T cells and corresponding accumulation of CD4+B220+ T cells in beta 2-m(-/-)-lpr mice provide strong evidence that 1) the majority of B220+ DN T cells are unrelated to CD4+ T cells and their development and/or accumulation is dependent on MHC class I expression; and 2) CD4+B220+ T cells are a remarkably similar, but separate, lineage of cells that develop independently of thymus-derived CD8+ T cells and class I MHC expression.
In vitro maturation of clonal CD4+CD8+ cell lines in response to TCR engagement.
Authors: Groves T , Katis P , Madden Z , Manickam K , Ramsden D , Wu G , Guidos C J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Engagement of the TCR on immature CD4+CD8+ (DP) thymocytes by an appropriate peptide/MHC ligand evokes a complex program of maturation known as positive selection. As a result, DP thymocytes are rescued from programmed cell death, become committed to the CD4 or CD8 lineage, extinguish expression of V(D)J recombinase activity, and undergo further maturation. We describe here a panel of DP thymic lymphoma cell lines that, in response to in vitro TCR engagement, undergo many of the TCR-beta-induced maturation events that have been reported to accompany positive selection of DP thymocytes in vivo. These events include increased expression of CD5, CD69, CD45, TCR-alpha, and MHC class I, and decreased expression of Thy-1 and heat-stable Ag. In addition, we observed TCR-induced expression of the bcl-2 gene, a well described inhibitor of programmed cell death. Finally, TCR engagement decreased expression of recombinase-activating genes and terminal deoxynucleotidal transferase genes, as well as V(D)J recombinase activity. However, TCR engagement did not elicit demonstrable CD4/CD8 lineage commitment. These observations suggest that engagement of the TCR on these DP cell lines elicits multiple maturation events that are part of the positive selection developmental program, but not CD4/CD8 lineage commitment. Thus, these DP cell lines provide the opportunity to elucidate molecular mechanisms of maturation and CD4/CD8 lineage commitment in vitro.
Glycolipid ligands for selectins support leukocyte tethering and rolling under physiologic flow conditions.
Authors: Alon R , Feizi T , Yuen C T , Fuhlbrigge R C , Springer T A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Selectin interactions with glycolipids have been examined previously under static conditions, whereas physiologic interactions mediated by selectins take place under flow. We find that under physiologic flow conditions, sialyl Lewis(x) (sLe(x)) glycolipid and sialyl Lewisa (sLe(a)) neoglycolipid support tethering and rolling adhesions of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing E-selectin and lymphoid and myeloid cells expressing L-selectin. These selectin-mediated adhesions persist at the highest shear stresses that occur in postcapillary venules in vivo and occur at lower site densities than found for sLe(x) on neutrophils. The interactions are Ca(2+)-dependent and can be specifically and completely blocked with anti-selectin mAbs. Asialo nonfucosylated glycolipids are inactive, and sulfatide supports weak tethering, but not rolling, of L-selectin-expressing cells. Rolling velocities and resistance to detachment are related to the glycolipid site density and fall within the range measured for neutrophil and myeloid cell rolling on substrates containing purified selectins. These observations are the first indication that glycolipids can interact with selectins in physiologic flow conditions, and can contribute to rolling adhesions.