bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimulation of IRES‐Dependent Translation by Rocaglamide A Increases the Replication and Virulence of Cricket Paralysis Virus in Lepidopteran Insect Cells
Authors: Santos Dulce , Christopoulou Vasiliki‐Maria , Taning Clauvis Nji Tizi , Avgeris Socratis , Papadopoulou Adamantia , Kletsas Dimitris , Voutsinas Gerassimos E. , Labropoulou Vasiliki , Swevers Luc 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe discovery that infections of viruses are pervasive among insects has considerable potential for future applications, such as new strategies for pest control through the manipulation of virus‐host interactions. However, few studies can be found that aim to minimize (for beneficial insects) or maximize (for pests) virus impact or virulence. Viruses generally employ molecular mechanisms that deviate from the cells’ to increase their replication efficiency and to avoid the immune response. In this research, a screening system is presented for the detection of molecules that interfere with the internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) of Cricket paralysis virus (Dicistroviridae) which has been well characterized in previous research. Over‐expression and RNAi experiments identified the importance of eIF4A, a component of the cap‐dependent translation initiation complex, to modify the activity of IRES‐mediated translation. Application of Rocaglamide A (RocA), a natural product from Aglaia plants and inhibitor of eIF4A, resulted in strong stimulation of IRES‐mediated translation in reporter assays as well as increased CrPV genome replication and virion production in lepidopteran Hi5 cells. At 100 nM of RocA, dsRNA molecules accumulated in infected cells, corresponding to full‐length genome (9.5 kb) and a smaller fragment (0.8 kb) with unknown function. Treatment of silkworm larvae with RocA by injection or topically was highly toxic while no strong stimulation of CrPV infection could be observed. The prospect of the use of rocaglamates as insecticides and enhancers of CrPV infection is discussed together with its potential impact on mammalian cells.
Synthesis of new dihydropyrimidine derivatives and investigation of their antimicrobial and DNA gyrase inhibitory activities
Authors: Evren Asaf Evrim , Nuha Demokrat , Dawbaa Sam , Kayış Uğur , Gül Ülküye Dudu , Yurttaş Leyla 
Published: January 2025

AbstractQuinolone antibiotics are known for their antibacterial activity by inhibiting the enzyme DNA gyrase. Inspired by their mechanism, new compounds combining 1,4‐dihydropyrimidine, a quinolone isostere, with pyridine/pyrimidine rings were synthesized. These derivatives showed antibacterial effects, likely through DNA gyrase inhibition, as supported by molecular docking and dynamics simulations. The synthesized compounds, 2‐[(5‐cyano‐6‐oxo‐6‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1,6‐dihydropyrimidin‐2‐yl]‐N‐(benzothiazol‐2‐yl)‐acetamide (5a–5g) and 2‐[(5‐cyano‐6‐oxo‐6‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1,6‐dihydropyrimidin‐2‐yl)thio]‐N‐(thiazol‐2‐yl)acetamide (6a–6f), were evaluated for antibacterial activity. Compounds 5a, 6b, and 6c demonstrated significant bactericidal effects. Against Escherichia coli, compounds 6b and 6c exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 1.95 and 0.97 µg/mL, respectively, comparable to the standard drug. Compound 5a also showed strong activity against Escherichia faecalis. DNA gyrase inhibition studies confirmed that 5a, 6b, and 6c inhibit the enzyme, as no supercoiled DNA band was observed. These findings highlight the potential of these compounds as antibacterial agents. Future development could focus on optimizing these structures for enhanced activity, similar to quinolone antibiotics.
Efficient Capture of ReO4− from Water by Imidazolium‐Based Cationic Polymeric Nanotraps
Authors: Li Xiaorui , Liu Wenping , Wang Haiying , He Yingjie , Liu Wei , Li Huan , Jin Linfeng , Su Changqing , Li Yiming , AlShahrani Thamraa , Ma Shengqian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRhenium represents an irreplaceable metal resource, which finds extensive applications in diverse fields, particularly in the aerospace and petrochemical industry. However, its remarkably low natural abundance and the lack of independent ore deposits pose significant challenges to its extraction and recovery processes. In this study, we present the highly efficient adsorption of perrhenate by a cationic polymeric nanotrap material, namely CPN‐3VIm. The maximum adsorption capacity of CPN‐3VIm‐Cl for ReO4− attains an impressive value of 1220 mg ⋅ g−1. Notably, even in the low‐concentration ReO4− solution of 8.5 ppm, the removal rate could still exceed 99 %. The recycling performance of CPN‐3VIm‐Cl also shows exceptional results, with both ReO4− removal and recovery rates surpassing 90 % throughout five adsorption‐desorption cycles. Furthermore, CPN‐3VIm‐Cl exhibits nearly 100 % extraction efficiency for ReO4− within a broad pH range of 4–10 and demonstrates remarkable structural stability under extreme conditions, such as 3 M sulfuric acid or 3 M nitric acid. Additionally, a comprehensive investigation into the interaction mechanism between CPN‐3VIm‐Cl and perrhenate was carried out using SEM‐EDS mapping, Raman, FT‐IR, and XPS analysis.
Investigation of Er3+‐Doped BaF2 Single Crystals for Infrared Emission and Photovoltaic Efficiency Enhancement
Authors: Bitam A. , Fartas R. , Diaf M. , Boubekri H. , Cheddadi A. , Martin I. R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEr3+‐doped BaF2 single crystals were investigated with two primary aims: first, to probe the infrared emissions from the 4I11/2 level (around 1.0 μm) under 1500‐nm excitation and, second, to use the crystal to enhance the efficiency of silicon‐based solar cells through upconversion mechanism. Upon excitation at 1500 nm, the upconversion emission spectrum of the Er3+‐doped BaF2 single crystals, recorded in the range of 480–1080 nm, exhibited two well‐structured visible bands at 538 and 650 nm, along with a strong near infrared emission at 971 nm. This strong 971‐nm emission has an emission cross‐section of approximately 0.23 × 10−20 cm2. As with any phenomenon inherent to energy transfer by upconversion, the 4I11/2 fluorescence decay exhibits a rise time followed by a long decay of approximately 15 ms and a positive optical gain from the low values of the population inversion coefficient, which could potentially give rise to laser emission from this level. When we place our crystal on a photovoltaic device illuminated by 1500‐nm wavelength radiation, we record a photocurrent of 300 μA at an illumination power of 85 mW. This indicates that the Er3+‐doped BaF2 crystal is highly suitable for significantly enhancing the efficiency of silicon‐based solar cells.
Clock system disruption in male Fischer 344 rats fed cafeteria diet and administered sweet treats at different times: The zeitgeber role of grape seed flavanols
Authors: Soliz‐Rueda Jorge R. , López‐Fernández‐Sobrino Raúl , Schellekens Harriët , Bravo Francisca Isabel , Suárez Manuel , Mulero Miquel , Muguerza Begoña 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCurrent lifestyles include calorie‐dense diets and late‐night food intake, which can lead to circadian misalignment. Our group recently demonstrated that sweet treats before bedtime alter the clock system in healthy rats, increasing metabolic risk factors. Therefore, we aimed to assess the impact of the sweet treat consumption time on the clock system in rats fed a cafeteria diet (CAF). Moreover, since flavanols have demonstrated beneficial effects in metabolic disorders and clock gene modulation, we also investigated whether these phenolic compounds can restore the circadian disruption caused by these altered dietary patterns. For this, 64 Fisher rats were fed CAF for 9 weeks. In the last 4 weeks, animals were daily administered a low dose of sugar (160 mg/kg) as a sweet treat at 8 a.m. (ZT0) or 8 p.m. (ZT12). Two other groups received 25 mg/kg of grape seed flavanols in addition to sweet treats. Finally, the animals were sacrificed at different time points (9 a.m., 3 p.m., 9 p.m., and 3 a.m.). The results showed that metabolic and circadian disturbances by CAF may be influenced by the time of sugar administration, slightly reinforcing the alterations in diurnal rhythmicity of serum biochemical parameters, hormones, and hypothalamic genes with bedtime snacking. Flavanols improved metabolic health and restored the oscillation of biochemical parameters, hormones, and clock and appetite‐signaling genes, showing greater effects at ZT12. These results highlight the importance of meal timing in influencing physiological and metabolic outcomes, even under calorie‐dense diets. Moreover, they also suggest the zeitgeber role of flavanols, modulating the clock system and contributing to an improved metabolic profile under different feeding pattern conditions.
Proteomics Reveals Distinctive Host Cell Protein Expression Patterns in Fed‐Batch and Perfusion Cell Culture Processes
Authors: Sahoo Ansuman , Tsukiadate Taku , Lin Bor‐Ruei , Kotzbauer Erin , Houser Jason , Patel Misaal , Li Xuanwen , Madabhushi Sri Ranganayaki 
Published: January 2025

AbstractChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are widely used to produce recombinant proteins, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), through various process modes. While fed‐batch (FB) processes have been the standard, a shift toward high‐density perfusion processes is being driven by increased productivity, flexible facility footprints, and lower costs. Ensuring the clearance of process‐related impurities, such as host cell proteins (HCPs), is crucial in biologics manufacturing. Although purification processes remove most impurities, integrated strategies are being developed to enhance clearance of some high‐risk HCPs. Current understanding of HCP expression dynamics in cell culture is limited. This study utilized data‐independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics to compare the proteomic profiles of cell culture supernatants from 14 FB clones and three perfusion clones, all expressing the same mAb from the same host cell line. Results showed that perfusion processes enhance cell growth and productivity, exhibiting distinct proteomic profiles compared to FB processes. Perfusion processes also maintain a more comparable HCP abundance profile across clones, especially for 46 problematic HCPs monitored. Cluster analysis of FB proteomics revealed distinct abundance patterns and correlations with process parameters. Differential abundance analysis identified significant protein differences between the two processes. This is the first extensive study characterizing HCPs expressed by clones under different process modes. Further research could lead to strategies for preventing or managing problematic HCPs in biologics manufacturing.
The Pathway Relationship Between Physical Activity Levels and Depressive Symptoms in University Students Mediated by Cognitive Flexibility
Authors: Yu Fen , Jia Shuqi , Liu Qin , Guo Zhaohui , Li Sen , Wang Xing , Li Pan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo explore the mediating pathway of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms among university students.MethodsA cross‐sectional design was used to survey 2537 university students using the Physical Activity Rating Scale‐3, Patients’ Health Questionnaire, and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory. Data analysis was conducted using independent samples t‐test, chi‐square test, correlation analysis, one‐way ANOVA, and mediation analysis.ResultsA statistically significant negative correlation exists between the intensity of physical activity and depression symptom scores (r = −0.104, p < 0.01). The intensity of physical activity demonstrates a statistically significant positive correlation with controllability (r = 0.109, p < 0.01). A marked negative correlation is observed between depressive symptoms and controllability scores (r = −0.367, p < 0.01). The total effect of physical activity intensity on depressive symptoms was quantified as −0.3542 (95% CI: −0.5439 to −0.1645). The direct effect was found to be ‐0.2199 (95% CI: ‐0.3981, ‐0.0417), while the mediating effect of controllability was calculated to be −0.1343 (95% CI: −0.2145 to −0.0630).ConclusionIncreased engagement in physical activity among university students is associated with a reduction in their depressive symptom scores. Controllability serves as a mediating factor in the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms among university students.
Scoring Second Chances: Addressing Women's Unique Challenges and Opportunities in a Football‐Based Prison Programme
Authors: Peitz Linus , Lobban Rosemary , Ruler Mollie , Newson Martha 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSport‐based prison interventions may particularly benefit women, a vulnerable population within the penal system. However, evidence of their impact is mainly based on men's experiences. This study qualitatively examines the experiences of 11 women enrolled on the Twinning Project, a football‐based prison programme designed to reduce recidivism and enhance employability. Thematic analysis of semi‐structured interviews revealed positive outcomes for participants, such as improved self‐perceptions and intentions to help others. However, the prospective long‐term impact of vocational qualifications was less evident. Barriers to engagement were identified in parts of the programme's structure and delivery, women's health issues, and participants' perceived lack of control over post‐release outcomes. Enablers included support from peers and staff, the appeal of football itself, and the absence of criminal identities. The findings highlight the Twinning Project's potential to benefit women prisoners and underscore the need for sports programs to accommodate gender‐specific experiences in prison.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Aldehydes‐Thiourea Derivatives as Promising Antifungal Agents Against Postharvest Gray Mold Disease
Authors: Yang Zi Hui , Li Guo Tao , Chen Yue 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTGray mold disease is caused by Botrytis cinerea, which could severely reduce the production yield and quality of tomatoes. To explore more potential fungicides with new scaffolds for controlling gray mold disease, 10 aldehydes‐thiourea derivatives were designed, synthesized, and assayed for inhibitory activity against three plant pathogenic fungi. The preliminary antifungal assay suggested that some title derivatives showed moderate to good antifungal activity against B. cinerea. In particular, compound 9 presented excellent in vitro antifungal activity against B. cinerea (half maximal effective concentration [EC50] = 0.70 mg/L), which was superior to boscalid (EC50 = 1.41 mg/L). In vivo antifungal assay indicated 9 displayed good protective effects on tomato leaves infected by B. cinerea. A preliminary mechanism study displayed that 9 could damage the surface morphology, increase the cell membrane permeability, and lead to the increase of reactive oxygen species level. Enzyme inhibition assay illustrated that 9 could be a potential laccase inhibitor. The above bioassay results and mechanism investigation demonstrated that aldehydes‐thiourea derivatives could be promising fungicides for further controlling postharvest gray mold disease, which would be potential candidates for fungicidal compounds.
From Antibacterial Activity to Molecular Mechanism: Case Study of Hexapeptide RWWRWW and Its Analogues
Authors: Wang Chu , Xue Yunmo , Guo Jingyao , Ma Qian , Lu Xiaolin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn recent years, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as a potent weapon against the growing threat of antibiotic resistance. Among AMPs, the ones containing tryptophan (W) and arginine (R) exhibit enhanced antimicrobial properties, benefiting from the unique physicochemical features of the two amino acids. Herein, we designed three hexapeptides, including WR, DWR (D‐isomer), and RF, derived from the original sequence, RWWRWW‐NH2 (RW). By combining sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG‐VS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, we examined AMPs’ interactions with model bacterial membrane at the molecular level. Our findings revealed the innate different structural features associated with molecular aggregation and membrane activity between L‐(WR, RF and RW) and D‐isomer. The D‐isomer was demonstrated to aggregate via intermolecular hydrogen bonding, which reduced its membrane adsorption quantity and consequently weakened its disruptive effect on the model membrane; while L‐isomers rarely aggregated and thus could fully interact with the model membrane. D‐isomer was proven to lack a stable helical structure, while L‐isomers adopted helical structures, which was believed to be the reason for DWR's tendency to aggregate easily. This study should contribute to designing novel short‐chain AMPs with high efficiency, especially in the case that D‐isomers will be used.
Facile In Situ Formation of Potassium Sodium Niobate (KNN) Using The Hexaniobate Polyoxometalate
Authors: Rambaran Mark A. , Jacobsson Daniel , Lehmann Sebastian , Dick Kimberly A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLead‐based piezoceramics are the dominant materials used in electronic devices, despite the known toxicity of lead. Developing safer piezoelectric materials has inspired the pursuit of lead‐free piezoceramics, however some challenges remain in accessing these materials reproducibly. Here we demonstrate a simple and robust method for synthesis of the lead‐free piezoceramic material, potassium sodium niobate (KxNa1‐xNbO3, KNN) via an aqueous route. Stochiometric KNN (K0.5Na0.5NbO3) was prepared, by combining alkali‐nitrate salts (NaNO3 and KNO3) with the hexaniobate ([HxNb6O19]8−x, Nb6) species in water, followed by heating at elevated temperatures for at least one hour. Ex situ heating of the amorphous alkali‐Nb6 precursor reveals stoichiometric control and phase uniformity are possible in making KNN, versus a solid‐state route. In situ heating in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), with selected area electron diffraction (SAED), facilitates monitoring the real‐time transformation of the amorphous alkali‐Nb6 precursor, to yield monoclinic KNN, in agreement with ex situ results. Therefore, an aqueous route via hexaniobate is an attractive alternative approach for developing lead‐free piezoceramic materials.
Rhodium(III)‐NSi Catalyzed Styrene Hydrosilylation: Evidence of the Hemilabile Character of NSi‐Type Ligands
Authors: Gómez‐España Alejandra , Padilla Marina , Martínez de Morentin Aitor , García‐Orduña Pilar , Huertos Miguel A. , Munarriz Julen , Fernández‐Alvarez Francisco J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe 18e saturated rhodium(III) species [Rh(H)(X)(κ2‐NSitBu2)(bipyMe2)] (NSitBu2={4‐methylpyridine‐2‐yloxy}ditertbutylsilyl; bipyMe2=4,4'‐dimethylbipyridine) (X=Cl, 1; OTf, 2) have been prepared and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and in the case of 2 it has been possible to determine its solid‐state structure by X‐ray diffraction. Complex 1 has proven to be an effective catalyst precursor for the reaction of styrene derivatives with hydrosilanes in CD2Cl2. However, under catalytic conditions complex 2 decomposes. The performance of the 1‐catalyzed reaction of styrene with hydrosilanes strongly depends on the nature of the silane, the best catalytic performance was achieved using HSiMe2Ph. Theoretical and 1H NMR studies indicate that the hemilabile nature of the NSi ligand is key to understanding the catalytic activity of compound 1.
Comparing microCT Staining and Scanning Methodology for Brain Studies in Various Sizes of Spiders
Authors: Penna‐Gonçalves Vanessa , Willmott Nikolas J. , Kelly Michael B. J. , Black Jay R. , Lowe Elizabeth C. , Herberstein Marie E. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRecent advances in microCT are facilitating the investigation of microstructures in spiders and insects leading to an increased number of studies investigating their neuroanatomy. Although microCT is a powerful tool, its effectiveness depends on appropriate tissue preparation and scan settings, particularly for soft, non‐sclerotized tissues, such as muscles, organs, and neural tissues. As the application of microCT in spiders is only in its infancy, published protocols are often difficult to implement due to substantial size variation of the specimens. The present study was initiated to determine how to account for this variation. Our work builds on previous methods using microCT to image spider brains, with the aim to consolidate current knowledge and reduce time spent troubleshooting appropriate methodology, thereby facilitating future studies of spiders and their central nervous systems (CNS). We tested three different preparation and imaging techniques based on published protocols with minor modifications using 216 spiders with prosoma lengths ranging from 1.25 mm (small spiders) to 13.33 mm (large spiders). We compared the efficacy of the various specimen preparations, staining methods, and scan settings by categorizing the quality of dorsal and lateral microCT scans. We observed that only the phosphotungstic acid (PTA) staining agent resulted in complete staining of the prosoma and the CNS, allowing the CNS structures to be distinguished for small, medium, and large spiders. The use of image averaging, increased number of projections, image exposure timing, and detector binning did not greatly affect image quality for small and larger spiders but reduced noise. These settings did help improve image quality for medium spiders in conjunction with higher resolutions and an aluminum filter. We discussed the suitability of methods concerning spider size, effort, chemical risk, and image quality.
Deciphering the pseudouridine nucleobase modification in human diseases: From molecular mechanisms to clinical perspectives
Authors: Jia Shiheng , Yu Xue , Deng Na , Zheng Chen , Ju Mingguang , Wang Fanglin , Zhang Yixiao , Gao Ziming , Li Yanshu , Zhou Heng , Li Kai 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRNA pseudouridylation, a dynamic and reversible post‐transcriptional modification found in diverse RNA species, is crucial for various biological processes, including tRNA homeostasis, tRNA transport, translation initiation regulation, pre‐mRNA splicing, enhancement of mRNA translation, and translational fidelity. Disruption of pseudouridylation impairs cellular homeostasis, contributing to pathological alterations. Recent studies have highlighted its regulatory role in human diseases, particularly in tumourigenesis. Cellular stresses trigger RNA pseudouridylation in organisms, suggesting that pseudouridylation‐mediated epigenetic reprogramming is essential for maintaining cellular viability and responding to stress. This review examines the regulatory mechanisms and pathological implications of pseudouridylation in human diseases, with a focus on its involvement in tumourigenesis. Additionally, it explores the therapeutic potential of targeting pseudouridylation, presenting novel strategies for disease treatment.Highlights
Methods to detect pseudouridine were introduced from classic mass spectrometry‐based methods to newer approaches such as nanopore‐based technologies and BID sequencing, each with its advantages and limitations.
RNA pseudouridylation is crucial for various biological processes, including tRNA homeostasis, tRNA transport, translation initiation regulation, pre‐mRNA splicing, enhancement of mRNA translation, and translational fidelity.
Increased pseudouridylation is frequently associated with tumour initiation, progression, and poor prognosis, whereas its reduction is predominantly implicated in non‐tumour diseases.
A comprehensive understanding of the inducing factors for RNA pseudouridylation will be essential for elucidating its role in diseases. Such insights can provide robust evidence for how pseudouridylation influences disease progression and offer new avenues for therapeutic strategies targeting pseudouridylation dysregulation.
The therapeutic potential of RNA pseudouridylation in diseases is enormous, including inhibitors targeting pseudouridine synthases, the application of RNA pseudouridylation in RNA therapeutics, and its role as a biological marker.