bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The wheat NLR pair RXL/Pm5e confers resistance to powdery mildew
Authors: Guo Guanghao , Bai Kaihong , Hou Yikun , Gong Zhen , Zhang Huaizhi , Wu Qiuhong , Lu Ping , Li Miaomiao , Dong Lingli , Xie Jingzhong , Chen Yongxing , Zhang Panpan , Zhu Keyu , Li Beibei , Li Wenling , Dong Lei , Yang Yijun , Qiu Dan , Wang Gaojie , Ahn Hee‐Kyung , Zhao He , Yuan Chengguo , Shi Wenqi , Xue Minfeng , Yang Lijun , Yu Dazao , Zhao Yusheng , Chen Yuhang , Li Hongjie , Hu Tiezhu , Han Guan‐Zhu , Jones Jonathan D G , Liu Zhiyong 
Published: January 2025

SummaryPowdery mildew poses a significant threat to global wheat production and most cloned and deployed resistance genes for wheat breeding encode nucleotide‐binding and leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors. Although two genetically linked NLRs function together as an NLR pair have been reported in other species, this phenomenon has been relatively less studied in wheat. Here, we demonstrate that two tightly linked NLR genes, RXL and Pm5e, arranged in a head‐to‐head orientation, function together as an NLR pair to mediate powdery mildew resistance in wheat. The resistance function of the RXL/Pm5e pair is validated by mutagenesis, gene silencing, and gene‐editing assays. Interestingly, both RXL and Pm5e encode atypical NLRs, with RXL possessing a truncated NB‐ARC (nucleotide binding adaptor shared by APAF‐1, plant R proteins and CED‐4) domain and Pm5e featuring an atypical coiled‐coil (CC) domain. Notably, RXL and Pm5e lack an integrated domain associated with effector recognition found in all previously reported NLR pairs. Additionally, RXL and Pm5e exhibit a preference for forming hetero‐complexes rather than homo‐complexes, highlighting their cooperative role in disease resistance. We further show that the CC domain of Pm5e specifically suppresses the hypersensitive response induced by the CC domain of RXL through competitive interaction, revealing regulatory mechanisms within this NLR pair. Our study sheds light on the molecular mechanism underlying RXL/Pm5e‐mediated powdery mildew resistance and provides a new example of an NLR pair in wheat disease resistance.
Digital phenotyping of social functioning and employment in people with schizophrenia: Pilot data from an international sample
Authors: Lane Erlend , Gray Lucy , Kimhy David , Jeste Dilip , Torous John 
Published: January 2025

AimIndividuals living with schizophrenia experience significant impairments in social functioning. As a major clinical outcome, social functioning requires appropriate measurement tools that can capture its dynamic nature. Digital phenotyping, using smartphone technology to collect high volume ecologically valid data, can potentially capture these facets. We investigated the viability of digital data, such as GPS, Accelerometer, and screen activation as a proxy for common social functioning measurements.MethodsWe used an ordinary least squares linear regression approach to compare the performance of digital signals with the performance of past social functioning scale (SFS) scores for predicting current SFS scores and subdomain values in 62 individuals with schizophrenia using smartphone and clinical assessments over the course of a year. The outcome of interest was the current SFS, for which we compared the capacity of the digital data (active and passive), and prior SFS scores to predict SFS scores.ResultsOverall, the sub‐scale models in order of performance (measured by RMSE score) were: (i) employment, (ii) social engagement, (iii) interpersonal behavior, (iv) recreation, (v) prosocial activities, (vii) performance, and (vii) competence. Digital data were particularly capable of predicting subdomain scores for employment (R2 = 0.746, Mean Squared Error (MSE) = 1.663) and social engagement (R2 = 0.710, MSE = 2.318).ConclusionsDigital phenotyping may have the capacity to operate as a proxy for certain social functioning measures. Future research should expand on this pilot data by focusing on establishing the reliability and validity of digital phenotyping to measure social functioning, and exploring which subdomains of social functioning are best measured digitally.
Diverse Care Needs Assessment for Older Adults in China: A Latent Profile Analysis Study
Authors: Chen Junyu , Wang Qing , Ding Zichun , Wang Meng , Chen Lixia , Xu Guihua 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundGrasping the nuanced needs of older adults is paramount for the efficacious provision of day‐care services. Our study sought to identify the demand patterns for day‐care services in China and to explore the underlying factors. This study aims to offer useful evidence that can refine nursing care strategies and guide policy development within day‐care settings.MethodsWe implemented a comprehensive electronic survey comprising 46 questions targeting older adults across nine day‐care centers in Nanjing, China. Employing latent profile analysis (LPA), we systematically examined and categorized the demand characteristics for day‐care services. This analysis was conducted using Mplus version 8.3 and SPSS version 26.0 software, ensuring a rigorous and precise methodological approach.ResultsOur study involved a comprehensive survey of 1016 older adults. The participants were categorized into three groups based on their demand for day‐care services: high demand (n = 127), medium demand (n = 197), and low demand (n = 692). The low‐demand group exhibited higher levels of social support and better activities of daily living (ADL) scores compared to their counterparts. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that older adults characterized by male gender, advanced age, higher levels of education, receipt of support from a child, presence of chronic diseases, and lower social support and ADL scores exhibited a statistically significant inclination towards moderate to high demand for day‐care services (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe demand for day‐care services for older adults in China is intricately influenced by a complex array of interrelated factors. Tailoring service offerings to meet the varied physical and emotional needs of older adults is essential, with a particular focus on health and wellness management in day‐care centers.
Benefits of Using Functional Joint Coordinate Systems in In Vitro Knee Testing
Authors: Nagle Tara , Loss Jeremy G , Colbrunn Robb 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To measure knee joint kinematics, coordinate systems (CS) must be assigned to the tibia and femur. Functional CS have been shown to be more reproducible than Anatomical. This study aims to quantify the benefits of using Functional CS in in vitro testing. Seven cadaveric knee joints were loaded in a 6-Degree of Freedom (DOF) joint simulator. Anatomical CS were established for each joint and Functional CS were calculated based on joint kinematics during passive motion. Loading profiles were applied to the knee joints using different CS definitions. Resulting kinematics and kinetics were obtained to quantify the 1) reduction in intra-knee kinematic response variation, 2) reduction in kinematic cross-talk, 3) reduction in inter-knee kinematic response variation, and 4) improvement in force control performance, when using Functional CS compared to Anatomical. Functional CS, compared to Anatomical, 1) significantly reduced intra-knee kinematic response variation across 12 combined loading conditions for nearly all DOF, 2) significantly reduced kinematic cross-talk during anterior-posterior, varus-valgus and internal-external rotation laxity testing across many DOF, 3) significantly reduced inter-knee kinematic response variation for all DOFs over a gait profile and combined loading conditions, and 4) significantly improved Anterior-Posterior and Varus-Valgus force/torque control performance during dynamic loading profiles. The advantage of using Functional CS for in vitro testing has been demonstrated across all considered domains. Functional CS should be used when performing in vitro knee joint testing.
Spinal presentations in children with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy on nusinersen treatment across the SMA-REACH UK network: a retrospective national observational study
Authors: Abbott Lianne , Main Marion , Wolfe Amy , Rohwer Annemarie , Baranello Giovanni , Munot Pinki , Manzur Adnan , Muntoni Francesco , Scoto Mariacristina 
Published: January 2025

Background
Prior to the introduction of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs), children with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) typically did not survive beyond the age of 2 years; management was mainly palliative. Novel therapies have made this a treatable condition, resulting in increased life expectancy and more time spent upright. Survival and improved function mean spinal asymmetry is a new complication with limited data on its prevalence and severity and no current guidelines on management and treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the spinal presentation and management of type 1 SMA children on nusinersen across the SMA-REACH UK network.

Methods
Spinal presentation and management of 80 children (age range 4 months–14 years, median 4 years 2 months) with type 1 SMA on nusinersen across the SMA-REACH UK network were reviewed through retrospective data analysis.

Results
There were 60 type 1 children who developed a spinal asymmetry, of which 40 had kyphosis and 50 used a supportive thoraco-lumbar-sacral orthosis (TLSO). TLSOs were predominantly a one-piece jacket with abdominal hole, advised to be worn when upright during the day. Reduced neck range of movement was found in 33, 1 of these had plagiocephaly and 5 had torticollis. Of those with reduced neck range of movement, 26 (79%) had spinal asymmetry. Spinal surgery was performed in 7.

Conclusions
Our study confirms high prevalence of spinal asymmetry in this cohort, requiring long-term management planning. It provides information on presentation and treatment options, facilitating development of guidelines for these new complications observed in children surviving longer with DMTs.
Linear stability of a time-dependent, spherically symmetric background in beyond Horndeski theory and the speed of gravity waves
Authors: Mironov S. , Sharov M. , Volkova V. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We address a dynamical, spherically symmetric background in beyond Horndeski theory and formulate a set of linear stability conditions for high energy perturbation modes in the parity odd sector above an arbitrary solution. In this general setting we derive speeds of propagation in both radial and angular directions for the only dynamical degree of freedom in the parity odd sector. We also briefly comment on the propagation speeds of the parity even modes over a dynamical, spherically symmetric background. In particular, we demonstrate that the class of beyond Horndeski theories, which satisfy the equality of gravity waves’ speed to the speed of light over a cosmological background, feature gravity waves propagating at luminal speeds above a time-dependent inhomogeneous background as well.
Deep learning-based superconductivity prediction and experimental tests
Authors: Kaplan Daniel , Zheng Adam , Blawat Joanna , Jin Rongying , Cava Robert J. , Oudovenko Viktor , Kotliar Gabriel , Sengupta Anirvan M. , Xie Weiwei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The discovery of novel superconducting materials is a long-standing challenge in materials science, with a wealth of potential for applications in energy, transportation and computing. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled expediting the search for new materials by efficiently utilizing vast materials databases. In this study, we developed an approach based on deep learning (DL) to predict new superconducting materials. We have synthesized a compound derived from our DL network and confirmed its superconducting properties in agreement with our prediction. Our approach is also compared to previous work based on random forests (RFs). In particular, RFs require knowledge of the chemical properties of the compound, while our neural net inputs depend solely on the chemical composition. With the help of hints from our network, we discover a new ternary compound Mo20Re6Si4, which becomes superconducting below 5.4 K. We further discuss the existing limitations and challenges associated with using AI to predict and, along with potential future research directions.
SNHG17 Reprograms Energy Metabolism of Breast Cancer by Activating Mitochondrial DNAs Transcription
Authors: Gao Lin , Huang Jingyi , Xia Jinquan , Zhao Pan , Dong Shaowei , Jiang Wei , Zhou Qianqian , Xu Zhenglei , Luo Hui , Zhou Wenbin , Sun Jichao , Wang Guangsuo , Geng Qingshan , Wang Jigang , Zou Chang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In most solid tumors, cellular energy metabolism is primarily dominated by aerobic glycolysis, which fulfills the high demand for biomacromolecules at the expense of reduced ATP production efficiency. Elucidation of the mechanisms by which rapidly proliferating malignant cells acquire sufficient energy in this state of inefficient ATP production from glycolysis could enable development of metabolism targeted therapeutic strategies. In this study, we observed a significant association between elevated expression levels of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) SNHG17 and unfavorable prognosis in breast cancer (BCa). SNHG17 promoted BCa cell proliferation by augmenting mitochondrial ATP production. Mechanistically, SNHG17 directly interacted with the p65 subunit of NF-κB and phosphorylated p65 at the threonine 505 site. SNHG17 bound to p65 at its truncated loop2 site, recruited p65 to mitochondria, and co-regulated the transcriptional activation of mitochondrial DNA to promote ATP production. Accordingly, targeting SNHG17 with an anti-sense oligonucleotide (ASO) significantly reduced BCa tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, these results established a role for SNHG17 in promoting BCa progression by increasing ATP production and provided insight into the reprogramming of energy metabolism in solid tumors.
SMAD4 and KRAS Status Shape Cancer Cell-Stromal Crosstalk and Therapeutic Response in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Lloyd Eloise G. , Jihad Muntadher , Manansala Judhell S. , Li Wenlong , Cheng Priscilla S. W. , Mucciolo Gianluca , Zaccaria Marta , Pinto Teles Sara , Araos Henríquez Joaquín , Harish Sneha , Brais Rebecca , Ashworth Sally , Luo Weike , Johnson Paul M. , Veghini Lisa , Vallespinos Mireia , Corbo Vincenzo , Biffi Giulia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) contains an extensive stroma that modulates response to therapy, contributing to the dismal prognosis associated with this cancer. Evidence suggests that PDAC stromal composition is shaped by mutations within malignant cells, but most previous work has focused on pre-clinical models driven by KrasG12D and mutant Trp53. Elucidation of the contribution of additional known oncogenic drivers, including KrasG12V mutation and Smad4 loss, is needed to increase understanding of malignant cell-stroma crosstalk in PDAC. Here, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing to analyze the cellular landscape of Trp53-mutant mouse models driven by KrasG12D or KrasG12V in which Smad4 was wild-type or deleted. KrasG12D Smad4-deleted PDAC developed a fibro-inflammatory rich stroma with increased malignant JAK/STAT cell signaling and enhanced therapeutic response to JAK/STAT inhibition. SMAD4 loss in KrasG12V PDAC differently altered the tumor microenvironment compared to KrasG12D PDAC, and the malignant compartment lacked JAK/STAT signaling dependency. Thus, malignant cell genotype impacts cancer cell and stromal cell phenotypes in PDAC, directly affecting therapeutic efficacy.
Progressive Increase in Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity Induced by Cold Exposure
Authors: Yoshimoto Misa , Yagi Kana , Ikegame Shizuka , Miki Kenju 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Exposure to cold environments is linked to cold-induced hypertension due to activated sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and arterial baroreceptor reflex dysfunction. However, direct measurement of SNA during cold-induced hypertension and changes in baroreflex control of SNA remain unexplored.

METHODS:
Chronically instrumented rats were exposed to cold temperatures (10 °C) over 4 days after a control period (24 °C), and renal and lumbar sympathetic nerve activities were simultaneously measured during cold-induced hypertension. Baroreflex curves for renal SNA (RSNA) and lumbar SNA and heart rate were generated by altering arterial pressure via a bolus intravenous infusion of vasoactive drugs.

RESULTS:
RSNA increased immediately after cold exposure, increased progressively throughout the 4-day period, and remained high after the cold exposure ended. Cold exposure shifted the RSNA baroreflex curve to the right and upward, gradually increasing the upper plateau (maximum capacity of sympathetic drive). The upper plateau remained elevated even after the cold exposure ended. Conversely, cold exposure increased lumbar SNA, heart rate, and arterial pressure, which subsequently returned to control levels after the cold exposure ended. These data indicate that cold exposure increases the maximum capacity to drive renal SNA in a regionally different and time-dependent manner through cumulative effects.

CONCLUSIONS:
Four days of cold exposure resulted in reversible effects increasing arterial pressure via lumbar SNA and heart rate, alongside time-dependent cumulative effects on RSNA. This study provides direct evidence of a self-activating pathway for RSNA that is activated by cold exposure, thus initiating cold-induced hypertension.
Aprocitentan for Blood Pressure Reduction in Black Patients
Authors: Flack John M. , Schlaich Markus P. , Weber Michael A. , Sassi-Sayadi Mouna , Narkiewicz Krzysztof , Clozel Martine , Dreier Roland F. , Andrawis Nabil S. , Danaietash Parisa , Gabra Nashwa , Scott David , Wang Ji-Guang , Ferdinand Keith C. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Black individuals frequently present with resistant hypertension and disproportionately increased cardiovascular risk. We investigated the blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect of the dual endothelin receptor antagonist aprocitentan in Black individuals enrolled in the PRECISION study (Parallel-Group, Phase 3 Study with Aprocitentan in Subjects with Resistant Hypertension).

METHODS:
Patients with confirmed resistant hypertension were randomized to aprocitentan 12.5 mg, 25 mg, or placebo for 4 weeks (part 1). They subsequently received aprocitentan 25 mg for 32 weeks (part 2) before re-randomization to aprocitentan 25 mg or placebo (part 3).

RESULTS:
Eighty-two patients randomized in the PRECISION study were Black individuals. At week 4, aprocitentan 12.5 and 25 mg reduced office trough systolic BP (−11.3 and −11.9 mm Hg) to a similar degree as placebo (−12.0 mm Hg). Using 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring, the placebo effect was minimal (−0.7 mm Hg), and aprocitentan reduced systolic BP by 4.0 and 8.6 mm Hg. During part 2, office BP continued to decrease (−16.4 mm Hg at week 36). In part 3, office and ambulatory systolic BP increased on placebo (+9.9 and +8.1 mm Hg, respectively), whereas the BP-lowering effect was maintained with aprocitentan. Aprocitentan markedly reduced albuminuria during the study. The most frequent adverse event was peripheral edema, occurring in 3 patients (10%) receiving aprocitentan 25 mg versus none receiving aprocitentan 12.5 mg or placebo.

CONCLUSIONS:
Aprocitentan reduced BP and albuminuria in Black individuals with resistant hypertension. The BP-lowering efficacy was similar to that of the overall PRECISION population. Aprocitentan may represent an important addition to the often difficult-to-control hypertension in Black individuals.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03541174.
‘They went for the test together but came back separately’: a constructivist grounded theory perspective on male engagement in antenatal HIV testing in Bamenda, Cameroon
Authors: Foglabenchi Lily Haritu , Nyahkeh Nancy Manigha , Stöckl Heidi , Marchant Tanya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Male engagement in HIV testing during pregnancy significantly contributes towards the prevention of maternal seroconversion and paediatric HIV acquisition. Despite this, men especially the male partners of pregnant women have been consistently missing in the HIV prevention cascade. The factors accounting for sub-optimal levels in male engagement intersect but reasons for this are poorly understood. Using the combined perspectives of pregnant women and their partners, this study aims to expand the evidence on the forces that influence prenatal HIV testing behaviours among couples in Bamenda, Cameroon.

Methods
This qualitative study purposively selected pregnant women receiving prenatal care for semi-structured interviews (n = 38); focus group discussion (n = 6) and their male partners (n = 30 for semi-structured interviews and n = 6 for focus group discussion) in Nkwen Baptist Hospital—an urban hospital in Bamenda, Cameroon. Nvivo was used for data management and subsequently we performed a grounded theory analysis through memoing and constant comparisons.

Results
Maternal HIV risk perception was the prominent theme intersecting with couple communication, perceptions on HIV testing outcome, and engagement of male partners by facility staff to influence couple prenatal HIV testing behaviours. Although participants recognised the need for couple HIV testing, individual, interspousal, structural and socio-cultural factors determined uptake of male partner testing. Perceptions on HIV risk were largely inaccurate and strongly gendered. For example, normative expectations on female fidelity were perceived as a buffer against HIV acquisition but this was not the norm regarding male partner behaviour. Also, couple communication was rare or subtle—mostly initiated by women who suspected spousal infidelity. For some men, HIV testing was a conscious decision to confirm fidelity, for others this was challenged by the fear of sero-discordant results and assumptions that maternal test results were a representation of their sero-status.

Conclusion
Male partner involvement in prenatal HIV testing is largely influenced by gendered perceptions on HIV risk and couple testing outcomes. Given that these perceptions are moderated by spousal communication and the engagement of male partners by health facility staff, we call for gender-transformative interventions and policies that offer education on prenatal HIV risk, support couple communication and spousal disclosure.