bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The intratumor microbiome is associated with microsatellite instability
Authors: Byrd Doratha A , Fan Wenyi , Greathouse K Leigh , Wu Michael C , Xie Hao , Wang Xuefeng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Intratumoral microbes may have multifunctional roles in carcinogenesis. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is associated with higher tumor immunity and mutational burden. Using whole transcriptome and whole genome sequencing microbial abundance data, we investigated associations of intratumoral microbes with MSI, survival, and MSI-relevant tumor molecular characteristics across multiple cancer types including colorectal cancer (CRC), stomach adenocarcinoma, and endometrial carcinoma. Among 451 CRC patients, our key finding was strong associations of multiple CRC-associated genera, including Dialister and Casatella, with MSI. Dialister and Casatella abundance was associated with improved overall survival (hazard ratiomortality = 0.56, 95% confidence interval = 0.34 to 0.92, and hazard ratiomortality = 0.44, 95% confidence interval = 0.27 to 0.72), respectively, comparing higher relative to lower quantiles. Multiple intratumor microbes were associated with immune genes and tumor mutational burden. Diversity of oral cavity–originating microbes was also associated with MSI among CRC and stomach adenocarcinoma patients. Overall, our findings suggest the intratumor microbiota may differ by MSI status and play a role in influencing the tumor microenvironment.
‘The Great and Miserable Flight’: The Experiences of Refugees in Newsprint during the Thirty Years’ War
Authors: Pert Thomas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs the Thirty Years’ War was the greatest demographic crisis in Europe between the Black Death and the two World Wars, it is unsurprising that the conflict created the greatest number of refugees in the continent’s history prior to the twentieth century. However, the limited scholarship on displaced persons between 1618 and 1648 has been exclusively based on micro-level eyewitness accounts, diaries, and memoirs. This article broadens the scope of studies on refugees during the Thirty Years’ War beyond such individualistic sources through an examination of their treatment in newsprint, a source base which has hitherto been entirely overlooked. A case study based on over 200 newspaper reports allows this article to examine how the frequency of appearances of refugees in newsprint, as well as the language and vocabulary used to describe them, can provide a valuable insight into the experiences of displaced persons and the attitudes of contemporaries in mid-seventeenth century Europe.
Anterior spinal separation surgery to allow for stereotactic body radiotherapy: a novel approach permitting radical oncological treatment of oligometastatic disease
Authors: Saha Priyanshu , Ajayi Bisola , Minhas Pawan , Lui Darren F 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The treatment of spinal cancers has rapidly evolved in the past decade. Often the treatment for spinal metastases required highly morbid surgeries and with palliative outcomes. However, a paradigm shift in surgical oncology has allowed spinal metastases treatment to have curative results. In the state of oligometastatic disease (OMD), the accompaniment of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) as a primary modality or adjuvant treatment to surgery has been shown to excellent survival outcomes, lower morbidities and better pain management. This case report illustrates a novel approach to the treatment of spinal OMD utilizing anterior spinal separation surgery with a custom carbon fibre vertebral body replacement cage followed by postoperative SBRT with excellent radio-oncological outcomes over 30-month follow-up.
A New Method for Dead Time Calibration and a New Expression for Correction of WDS Intensities for Microanalysis
Authors: Donovan John J , Moy Aurélien , von der Handt Anette , Gainsforth Zack , Maner James L , Nachlas William , Fournelle John 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Observed photon count rates must be corrected for detector dead time effects for accurate quantification, especially at high count rates. We present the “constant k-ratio” method, a new approach for calibrating dead time for wavelength dispersive spectrometers by measuring k-ratios as a function of beam current. The method is based on the observation that for a given emission line at a specific take-off angle and electron beam energy, the intensity ratio from two materials containing the element should remain constant as a function of beam current, if the dead time calibration is accurate. The method has the advantage that it does not rely on the linearity of the beam current picoammeter, yet also allows the analyst to evaluate the picoammeter linearity, another critical parameter in EPMA calibration. By simultaneously comparing k-ratios for all spectrometers, one can also ascertain k-ratio consensus, essential for inter-laboratory comparisons. We also introduce improved dead time expressions and provide best practices on how to perform these instrument calibrations using this new “constant k-ratio” method. These improvements enable quantitative analysis of major and minor elements with high accuracy at high beam currents, simultaneously with trace elements with high sensitivity, for point analyses and X-ray mapping.
Testing the Influence of Laser Pulse Energy and Rate in the Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Minerals
Authors: Cappelli Chiara , Pérez-Huerta Alberto 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe use of atom probe tomography (APT) for mineral analysis is contributing to fundamental studies in Earth Sciences. Meanwhile, the need for standardization of this technique is becoming evident. Pending the use of mineral standards, the optimization of analysis parameters is needed to facilitate the study of different mineral groups in terms of data collection and quality. The laser pulse rate and energy are variables that highly affect the atom evaporation process occurring during APT analysis, and their testing is important to forecast mineral behavior and obtain the best possible data. In this study, five minerals representative of major groups (albite, As-pyrite, barite, olivine, and monazite) were analyzed over a range of laser pulse energies (10–50 pJ) and rates (100–250 kHz) to assess output parameter quality and evaluate compositional estimate stoichiometry. Among the studied minerals, As-pyrite, with the higher thermal conductivity and lower band gap, was the most affected by the laser pulse variation. Chemical composition estimates equal or close to the general chemical formula were achieved for monazite and As-pyrite. The analysis of multihit events has proved to be the best strategy to verify the efficacy of the evaporation process and to evaluate the best laser pulse setting for minerals.
Bullous Impetigo: A Mimicker of Immune-mediated Dermatoses
Authors: Robinson Carolyn , Jones James , Chachula Laura , Neiner James 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The differential diagnosis of vesiculobullous lesions can be intimidating to the primary care provider. While some entities such as bullous impetigo may easily be diagnosed clinically if the patient’s demographics as well as the lesion morphology and distribution present classically, atypical presentations may require additional laboratory studies for confirmation. We describe a case of bullous impetigo with characteristics that clinically mimicked two rare immunobullous dermatoses. Although extensive diagnostic testing was performed, we recommend an approach for primary care providers to initiate empiric treatment while maintaining awareness of less common immunobullous entities.
Impact of systematic nuclear uncertainties on composition and decay heat of dynamical and disc ejecta in compact binary mergers
Authors: Kullmann I , Goriely S , Just O , Bauswein A , Janka H-T 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Theoretically predicted yields of elements created by the rapid neutron capture (r-)process carry potentially large uncertainties associated with incomplete knowledge of nuclear properties and approximative hydrodynamical modelling of the matter ejection processes. We present an in-depth study of the nuclear uncertainties by varying theoretical nuclear input models that describe the experimentally unknown neutron-rich nuclei. This includes two frameworks for calculating the radiative neutron capture rates and 14 different models for nuclear masses, β-decay rates, and fission properties. Our r-process nuclear network calculations are based on detailed hydrodynamical simulations of dynamically ejected material from NS–NS or NS–BH binary mergers plus the secular ejecta from BH–torus systems. The impact of nuclear uncertainties on the r-process abundance distribution and the early radioactive heating rate is found to be modest (within a factor of ∼20 for individual A &gt; 90 abundances and a factor of 2 for the heating rate). However, the impact on the late-time heating rate is more significant and depends strongly on the contribution from fission. We witness significantly higher sensitivity to the nuclear physics input if only a single trajectory is used compared to considering ensembles with a much larger number of trajectories (ranging between 150 and 300), and the quantitative effects of the nuclear uncertainties strongly depend on the adopted conditions for the individual trajectory. We use the predicted Th/U ratio to estimate the cosmochronometric age of six metal-poor stars and find the impact of the nuclear uncertainties to be up to 2 Gyr.
Oxidized organic molecules in the tropical free troposphere over Amazonia
Authors: Zha Qiaozhi , Aliaga Diego , Krejci Radovan , Sinclair Victoria A , Wu Cheng , Ciarelli Giancarlo , Scholz Wiebke , Heikkinen Liine , Partoll Eva , Gramlich Yvette , Huang Wei , Leiminger Markus , Enroth Joonas , Peräkylä Otso , Cai Runlong , Chen Xuemeng , Koenig Alkuin Maximilian , Velarde Fernando , Moreno Isabel , Petäjä Tuukka , Artaxo Paulo , Laj Paolo , Hansel Armin , Carbone Samara , Kulmala Markku , Andrade Marcos , Worsnop Douglas , Mohr Claudia , Bianchi Federico 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
New particle formation (NPF) in the tropical free troposphere (FT) is a globally important source of cloud condensation nuclei, affecting cloud properties and climate. Oxidized organic molecules (OOMs) produced from biogenic volatile organic compounds are believed to contribute to aerosol formation in the tropical FT, but without direct chemical observations. We performed in situ molecular-level OOMs measurements at the Bolivian station Chacaltaya at 5240 m above sea level, on the western edge of Amazonia. For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of OOMs, mainly with 4–5 carbon atoms, in both gas-phase and particle-phase (in terms of mass contribution) measurements in tropical FT air from Amazonia. These observations, combined with air mass history analyses, indicate that the observed OOMs are linked to isoprene emitted from the rainforests hundreds of kilometers away. Based on particle-phase measurements, we find that these compounds can contribute to NPF, at least the growth of newly formed nanoparticles, in the tropical FT on a continental scale. Thus, our study is a fundamental and significant step in understanding the aerosol formation process in the tropical FT.
Predicting new mineral occurrences and planetary analog environments via mineral association analysis
Authors: Morrison Shaunna M , Prabhu Anirudh , Eleish Ahmed , Hazen Robert M , Golden Joshua J , Downs Robert T , Perry Samuel , Burns Peter C , Ralph Jolyon , Fox Peter 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The locations of minerals and mineral-forming environments, despite being of great scientific importance and economic interest, are often difficult to predict due to the complex nature of natural systems. In this work, we embrace the complexity and inherent “messiness” of our planet's intertwined geological, chemical, and biological systems by employing machine learning to characterize patterns embedded in the multidimensionality of mineral occurrence and associations. These patterns are a product of, and therefore offer insight into, the Earth's dynamic evolutionary history. Mineral association analysis quantifies high-dimensional multicorrelations in mineral localities across the globe, enabling the identification of previously unknown mineral occurrences, as well as mineral assemblages and their associated paragenetic modes. In this study, we have predicted (i) the previously unknown mineral inventory of the Mars analogue site, Tecopa Basin, (ii) new locations of uranium minerals, particularly those important to understanding the oxidation–hydration history of uraninite, (iii) new deposits of critical minerals, specifically rare earth element (REE)- and Li-bearing phases, and (iv) changes in mineralization and mineral associations through deep time, including a discussion of possible biases in mineralogical data and sampling; furthermore, we have (v) tested and confirmed several of these mineral occurrence predictions in nature, thereby providing ground truth of the predictive method. Mineral association analysis is a predictive method that will enhance our understanding of mineralization and mineralizing environments on Earth, across our solar system, and through deep time.
Multisectoral drivers of decarbonizing battery electric vehicles in China
Authors: Wang Fang , Zhang Shaojun , Zhao Yinan , Ma Yunxiao , Zhang Yichen , Hove Anders , Wu Ye 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
China has made great progress in the electrification of passenger cars, and the sales of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have exceeded 10%. We applied a life-cycle assessment (LCA) method to estimate the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of the past (2015), present (2020), and future (2030) BEVs, incorporating China's carbon peaking and neutrality policies, which would substantially reduce emissions from the electricity, operation efficiency, metallurgy, and battery manufacturing industries. BEVs can reduce cradle-to-grave (C2G) CO2 emissions by ∼40% compared with internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) on the national-average level in 2020, far more significant than the benefit in 2015. Improved BEV operating efficiency was the largest factor driving emission reductions from 2015 to 2020. Looking forward to 2030, China's BEVs equipped with nickel–cobalt–manganese (NCM) batteries can achieve a further 43% of CO2 emissions reductions, among which 51 g km−1 of reduction is from the well-to-wheels (WTW) stage majorly owing to the further cleaner electricity mix, while other vehicle-cycle benefits are mainly from the advancement of battery (12 g km−1) and related metal materials (5 g km−1). We highlight the importance of better material efficiency and synchronized decarbonization through the automotive industrial chain in promoting climate mitigation from transport activities.
Bioinspired stability enhancement in deuterium-substituted organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells
Authors: Tong Jinhui , Li Xun , Wang Jianxin , He Haiying , Xu Tao , Zhu Kai 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the reaction of hydrogens (H) located in the amino group of the organic A-site cations with their neighboring halides plays a central role in degradation. Inspired by the retarded biological activities of cells in heavy water, we replaced the light H atom with its abundant, twice-as-heavy, nonradioactive isotope, deuterium (D) to hamper the motion of H. This D substitution retarded the formation kinetics of the detrimental H halides in Pb-based PSCs, as well as the H bond-mediated oxidation of Sn2+ in Sn–Pb-based narrow-bandgap PSCs, evidenced by accelerated stability studies. A computational study indicated that the zero point energy of D-based formamidinium (FA) is lower than that of pristine FA. In addition, the smaller increase in entropy in D-based FA than in pristine FA accounts for the increased formation free energy of the Sn2+ vacancies, which leads to the retarded oxidation kinetics of Sn2+. In this study, we show that substituting active H with D in organic cations is an effective way to enhance the stability of PSCs without sacrificing photovoltaic (PV) performance. This approach is also adaptable to other stabilizing methods.
Pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19: mechanisms, consequences and targets
Authors: O’Reilly S 
Published: May 2023

Summary
Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by extracellular deposition in the lung primarily collagen but also other ECM molecules. The primary cell type responsible for this is the myofibroblast, and this can be induced by various stressors and signals. Infections be they bacterial or viral can cause pulmonary fibrosis (PF). In 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SAR-CoV-2) originated in Wuhan, China, has led to a worldwide pandemic and can lead to acute respiratory distress and lung fibrosis. The virus itself can be cleared, but patients may develop long-term PF, which can be debilitating and life-limiting. There is a significantly perturbed immune response that shapes the fibrotic response leading to fibrosis. Given the importance of PF irrespective of cause, understanding the similarities and differences in pathogenesis caused by SARS-CoV-2-induced PF may yield new therapeutic targets. This review examines the pathology associated with the disease and discusses possible targets.
Mutual Fund Proliferation and Entry Deterrence
Authors: Betermier Sebastien , Schumacher David , Shahrad Ali 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Why do so few mutual fund families launch so many funds and styles around the world? We argue that launching numerous funds on an increasingly granular style grid allows incumbent families to congest the product space and deter market entry. Key to this argument is the persistently low dimensionality of the mutual fund product space, a fact we establish by analyzing the names of over 40,000 equity funds sold in 91 countries between 1931 and 2015. Over time, the strategy of filling up the style grid has led to the dominance of few families offering large, granular, and similar fund menus.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons are vulnerable in a mouse model of Down syndrome and their molecular fingerprint is rescued by maternal choline supplementation
Authors: Alldred Melissa J. , Pidikiti Harshitha , Heguy Adriana , Roussos Panos , Ginsberg Stephen D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBasal forebrain cholinergic neuron (BFCN) degeneration is a hallmark of Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Current therapeutics in these disorders have been unsuccessful in slowing disease progression, likely due to poorly understood complex pathological interactions and dysregulated pathways. The Ts65Dn trisomic mouse model recapitulates both cognitive and morphological deficits of DS and AD, including BFCN degeneration and has shown lifelong behavioral changes due to maternal choline supplementation (MCS). To test the impact of MCS on trisomic BFCNs, we performed laser capture microdissection to individually isolate choline acetyltransferase‐immunopositive neurons in Ts65Dn and disomic littermates, in conjunction with MCS at the onset of BFCN degeneration. We utilized single population RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) to interrogate transcriptomic changes within medial septal nucleus (MSN) BFCNs. Leveraging multiple bioinformatic analysis programs on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by genotype and diet, we identified key canonical pathways and altered physiological functions within Ts65Dn MSN BFCNs, which were attenuated by MCS in trisomic offspring, including the cholinergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic pathways. We linked differential gene expression bioinformatically to multiple neurological functions, including motor dysfunction/movement disorder, early onset neurological disease, ataxia and cognitive impairment via Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. DEGs within these identified pathways may underlie aberrant behavior in the DS mice, with MCS attenuating the underlying gene expression changes. We propose MCS ameliorates aberrant BFCN gene expression within the septohippocampal circuit of trisomic mice through normalization of principally the cholinergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic signaling pathways, resulting in attenuation of underlying neurological disease functions.
Increased tetanic calcium in early fatigue of mammalian muscle fibers is accompanied by accelerated force development despite a decreased force
Authors: Leijding Cecilia , Viken Ida , Bruton Joseph D. , Andersson Daniel C. , Cheng Arthur J. , Westerblad Håkan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDuring the initial phase of fatigue induced by repeated contractions in fast‐twitch muscle fibers, tetanic force decreases despite increasing tetanic free cytosolic [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]cyt). Here, we hypothesized that the increase in tetanic [Ca2+]cyt nevertheless has positive effects on force in early fatigue. Experiments on enzymatically isolated mouse flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) fibers showed that an increase in tetanic [Ca2+]cyt during ten 350 ms contractions required trains of electrical pulses to be elicited at short intervals (≤2 s) and at high frequencies (≥70 Hz). Mechanically dissected mouse FDB fibers showed greater decrease in tetanic force when the stimulation frequency during contractions was gradually reduced to prevent the increase in tetanic [Ca2+]cyt. Novel analyses of data from previous studies revealed an increased rate of force development in the tenth fatiguing contraction in mouse FDB fibers, as well as in rat FDB and human intercostal fibers. Mouse FDB fibers deficient in creatine kinase showed no increase in tetanic [Ca2+]cyt and slowed force development in the tenth contraction; after injection of creatine kinase to enable phosphocreatine breakdown, these fibers showed an increase in tetanic [Ca2+]cyt and accelerated force development. Mouse FDB fibers exposed to ten short contractions (43 ms) produced at short intervals (142 ms) showed increased tetanic [Ca2+]cyt accompanied by a marked (~16%) increase in the developed force. In conclusion, the increase in tetanic [Ca2+]cyt in early fatigue is accompanied by accelerated force development, which under some circumstances can counteract the decline in physical performance caused by the concomitant decrease in maximum force.