bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergizing 21 cm and submillimetre surveys during reionization: new empirical insights
Authors: Padmanabhan Hamsa 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We use the latest results from Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) surveys targeting the ionized carbon [C ii] 158 μm and oxygen [O iii] 88 μm lines, in combination with data-driven predictions for the evolution of neutral hydrogen (H i), to illustrate the prospects for intensity mapping cross-correlations between 21 cm and submillimetre surveys over z ∼ 5 – 7. We work with a data set including the ALPINE and REBELS surveys for [C ii] over z ∼ 4.5 – 7, and ALMA [O iii] detections over z ∼ 6 – 9. The resultant evolution of the [C ii] luminosity–halo mass relation is well described by a double power law at high redshifts, with the best-fitting parameters in good agreement with the results of simulations. The data favour secure detections of the autopower spectrum of [C ii] at all redshifts with an enhanced Fred Young Submillimetre Telescope (FYST)-like configuration. Such an experiment, along with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) will be able to measure the 21 cm - [C ii] cross-correlation power with a signal-to-noise ratio of a few tens to a few hundreds. We find that a balloon-borne experiment improving upon the Experiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping (EXCLAIM) should be able to detect the 21 cm - [O iii] cross-correlation with the MWA and the Square Kilometre Array (SKA)-LOW out to z ∼ 7. Our results have implications for constraining the evolution of luminous sources during the mid-to-end stages of reionization.
Detection of the free precession period of the accreting neutron star in 4U 1820–30
Authors: Chen D D , Liu Q Z 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Detection of free precession is very important for analysing the internal structure of neutron stars. So far, because of the interference of the accretion process, no feasible method has been proposed to detect the precession of accreting neutron stars in both theory and observations. Based on the analysis of archive data from Chandra and the Neutron Star Interior Composition ExploreR (NICER) of the ultra-compact X-ray binary system 4U 1820–30, we find that the energy spectra have a stable sinusoidal bi-directional oscillation period near 1000 s, no matter which state the X-ray binary system is in. After we fit the energy spectra and carry out Fourier decomposition of the fitting parameters, we find that this period is more steadily emitted from the neutron star. We discuss the possible origin of this period and conclude that the period is most likely the free precession period of the neutron star in 4U 1820–30. Its nutation can result in the seesaw-like periodical bi-directional oscillation we find in this paper.
Innovative insights into extrachromosomal circular DNAs in gynecologic tumors and reproduction
Authors: Wu Ning , Wei Ling , Zhu Zhipeng , Liu Qiang , Li Kailong , Mao Fengbiao , Qiao Jie , Zhao Xiaolu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Originating but free from chromosomal DNA, extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) are organized in circular form and have long been found in unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes. Their biogenesis and function are poorly understood as they are characterized by sequence homology with linear DNA, for which few detection methods are available. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have revealed that eccDNAs play crucial roles in tumor formation, evolution, and drug resistance as well as aging, genomic diversity, and other biological processes, bringing it back to the research hotspot. Several mechanisms of eccDNA formation have been proposed, including the breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) and translocation–deletion–amplification models. Gynecologic tumors and disorders of embryonic and fetal development are major threats to human reproductive health. The roles of eccDNAs in these pathological processes have been partially elucidated since the first discovery of eccDNA in pig sperm and the double minutes in ovarian cancer ascites. The present review summarized the research history, biogenesis, and currently available detection and analytical methods for eccDNAs and clarified their functions in gynecologic tumors and reproduction. We also proposed the application of eccDNAs as drug targets and liquid biopsy markers for prenatal diagnosis and the early detection, prognosis, and treatment of gynecologic tumors. This review lays theoretical foundations for future investigations into the complex regulatory networks of eccDNAs in vital physiological and pathological processes.
Selfish Corporations
Authors: Colonnelli Emanuele , Gormsen Niels Joachim , McQuade Tim 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study how perceptions of corporate responsibility influence policy preferences and the effectiveness of corporate communication when agents have imperfect memory recall. Using a new large-scale survey of U.S. citizens on their support for corporate bailouts, we first establish that the public demands corporations to behave better within society, a sentiment we label “big business discontent.” Using random variation in the order of survey sections and in the exposure to animated videos, we then show that priming respondents to think about corporate responsibility lowers the support for bailouts. This finding suggests that big business discontent influences policy preferences. Furthermore, we find that messages which paint a positive picture of corporate responsibility can “backfire,” as doing so brings attention to an aspect on which the public has negative views. In contrast, reframing corporate bailouts in terms of economic tradeoffs increases support for the policy. We develop a memory-based model of decision-making and communication to rationalize these findings.
Mobile Application for Adhering to Diabetic Foot Self-care
Authors: Marques Antonio Dean Barbosa , Moreira Thereza Maria Magalhães , Mourão Luana Feitosa , Florêncio Raquel Sampaio , Cestari Virna Ribeiro Feitosa , Garces Thiago Santos , Bruno Nathalia Alves 
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of a mobile application for adherence to foot self-care in people with type 2 diabetes at risk for diabetic foot ulcer. A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted with people with type 2 diabetes in a secondary healthcare unit. A total of 42 patients were recruited, matched, and allocated into two groups: one (intervention group) undergoing standard nursing consultations and application use and the other (control group) receiving only standard nursing consultations. The outcome variable was the adherence to foot self-care, measured by completing questionnaires on diabetes self-care activities and adherence to foot self-care. Measures of central tendency and dispersion were calculated, in addition to bivariate associations, considering a significance level of P ≤ .05. The intragroup and intergroup analyses regarding diabetes self-care did not show statistical significance; however, the intervention group showed a considerable increase in the frequency of daily assessments (P = .048) and adherence to foot self-care (P = .046). The use of the app, combined with the nursing consultation, increased adherence to foot self-care of people with type 2 diabetes.
Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: U1111-1202-6318.
Pharmacological strategies in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation weaning failure: a call to action
Authors: González-Ruiz Francisco J. , Baranda-Tovar Francisco M. , Baeza-Herrera Luis A. , Utrilla-Álvarez José D. , Quirázco-Cordova Ricardo E. , Rojas-Velasco Gustavo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has emerged as a viable alternative for stabilizing and improving critically ill patients in acute cardiovascular diseases. However, the weaning stage has been associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. This makes searching for strategies that reduce failure in this final process necessary. Implementing a new approach must be tried and included in our protocols, seeking the patient’s well-being at all times. In this article, the authors discuss their point of view regarding potential pharmacological alternatives and the mechanism of action involved, which could decrease the mortality associated with this therapeutic.
A scientific perspective of how and why Omicron is less severe than SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Parise Rachel , Ramesh Sindhu , Ren Jun , Govindarajulu Manoj Y. , Nadar Rishi M. , Pathak Suhrud , Moore Timothy , Dhanasekaran Muralikrishnan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Omicron is currently the dominant variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the coronavirus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Omicron is associated with mild symptoms, although it can cause harmful effects in high-risk patient populations. Omicron and COVID-19 affect multiple organ systems, including the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, central nervous system, ophthalmic system, genitourinary tract, and musculoskeletal system. COVID-19 infects additional organ systems, including the hematological system, hepatobiliary system, renal system, and dermatologic system. The viral-induced complications were compared to discuss the effects of Omicron versus the authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus, revealing less detrimental outcomes for Omicron. Moreover, COVID-19 is more likely to infect older adults, males, and obesity with mild to severe symptoms. Omicron causes mild symptoms in younger populations and overweight females. Data were acquired using PubMed, Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, and the World Health Organization. COVID-19 and Omicron mechanisms causing organ system-related complications are likely because of the natural immune response to the active infection, the uncontrollable release of cytokines causing cytokine release syndrome, and direct viral damage through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/transmembrane serine protease 2 receptor binding and entrance to the host cell for infection.
PROMs after Lymphatic Reconstructive Surgery: Is There a Correlation between Volume Reduction and Quality of Life?
Authors: Grünherz Lisanne , Barbon Carlotta , Gousopoulos Epameinondas , Uyulmaz Semra , Giovanoli Pietro , Lindenblatt Nicole 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Patients with upper limb lymphedema and lower limb lymphedema experience a wide range of physical and psychological symptoms that affect quality of life. The benefits of lymphatic reconstructive surgery for patients with lymphedema are undisputed. However, recording volume reduction alone may be insufficient with regard to postoperative outcome because measurements are often inadequate, depend on many factors, and do not reflect improvement in quality of life.

Methods:
We conducted a prospective single center study patients receiving lymphatic reconstructive surgery. Patients received volume measurements preoperatively and at standardized postoperative intervals. To evaluate patient-reported outcomes, patients completed the following questionnaires: LYMPH-Q Upper Extremity Module, quickDASH, SF 36, Lymphoedema Functioning, Disability and Health Questionnaire for Lower Limb Lymphoedema, and Lower Extremity Functional Scale at the aforementioned intervals.

Results:
We included 55 patients with upper limb lymphedema (24%) and lower limb lymphedema (73%) of lymphedema grades I–III. Patients received lymphovenous anastomosis only (23%), free vascularized lymph node transfer (35%) or a combination of both (42%). Analysis of patient-reported outcome measurements revealed improvements with respect to a broad range of complaints, particularly physical function, symptoms, and psychological well-being. There was no correlation between the extent of volume reduction and improvement in quality of life (Pearson correlation coefficient below ±0.7; P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Based on a broad range of outcome measurements, we observed an improved quality of life in almost all patients, even in those without measurable volume loss of the extremity operated on, which emphasizes the need for a standardized use of patient-reported outcome measures to evaluate the benefits of lymphatic reconstructive surgery.
Trends in the mortality, incidence and disability-adjusted life-years of appendicitis in EU15+ countries: an observational study of the global burden of disease database, 1990-2019
Authors: Proctor Dominic W. , Goodall Richard , Borsky Kim , Salciccioli Justin D. , Marshall Dominic C. , Shanmugarajah Kumaran , Mohamed Abdulla , Shalhoub Joseph 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Appendicitis places a substantial burden on healthcare systems, with acute appendicitis alone being the most common abdominal surgical emergency worldwide. Further characterisation of the disease burden in EU15+ countries may help optimise the distribution of healthcare resources. The aim of this observational study was to assess the trends in mortality, incidence and DALYs of appendicitis across European Union (EU) 15+ countries between the years 1990 and 2019, Supplemental Digital Content 3, http://links.lww.com/JS9/A589.

Materials and methods:
Age standardised mortality rates (ASMRs), age standardised incidence rates (ASIRs) and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) data for appendicitis in males and females were extracted from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Temporal trends within the study period were analysed using Joinpoint regression analysis.

Results:
The median ASMRs across EU15+ countries in 2019 were 0.08/100,000 and 0.13/100,000 for females and males, respectively. Between 1990 and 2019 the median percentage change in ASMR was −52.12% for females and −53.18% in males. The median ASIRs in 2019 for females and males were 251/100,000 and 278/100,000, respectively, with a median percentage change of +7.22% for females and +3.78% for males during the observation period. Decreasing trends in DALYs were observed over the 30-year study period, with median percentage changes of −23.57% and −33.81% for females and males, respectively, Supplemental Digital Content 3, http://links.lww.com/JS9/A589.

Conclusion:
Overall, a general trend of decreasing appendicitis ASMRs and DALYs was observed across EU15+ countries, despite small overall increases in appendicitis ASIRs, Supplemental Digital Content 3, http://links.lww.com/JS9/A589. Variations in both diagnostic and management strategies over the study period are likely contributory to the changing trends.
Management of External Auditory Canal Anterior Wall Defect: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Jin Siyeon , Park Min-Hyun 
Published: May 2023

Objectives
Although rare in etiology, anterior bony wall defects of the external auditory canal (EAC) accompanied by temporomandibular joint herniation may cause various otologic symptoms. Surgical treatment can be considered based on symptom severity because many previous case reports have highlighted its efficacy. This study aimed to review the long-term results of surgical treatment of EAC anterior wall defect and to suggest a stepwise approach when creating a treatment plan.

Methods
We performed a retrospective review of 10 patients who underwent surgical management to address the EAC anterior wall defect and its associated symptoms. Medical records, temporal bone computed tomography scans, audiometry, and endoscopic examination findings were analyzed.

Results
The primary repair of the EAC defect was the first to be surgically addressed in most cases, excluding one case with a severe combined infection. Of the 10 cases, 3 patients exhibited either postoperative complications or symptom recurrence. Six patients had resolved symptoms consequent to primary surgical repair, and four patients underwent revision surgery undergoing a more invasive procedure, such as canalplasty or mastoidectomy.

Conclusion
Primary repair of the anterior wall defect of the EAC seems to be overpromoted for lasting results but is not as promising as previously noted. We therefore propose to create a novel treatment flowchart regarding the surgical treatment of anterior wall defects of the EAC based on clinical experience.

Level of Evidence
IV.
Sex Estimation From the Paranasal Sinus Volumes Using Semiautomatic Segmentation, Discriminant Analyses, and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Hekimoglu Yavuz , Sasani Hadi , Etli Yasin , Keskin Siddik , Tastekin Burak , Asirdizer Mahmut 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine whether paranasal sinus volumetric measurements differ according to sex, age group, and right-left side and to determine the rate of sexual dimorphism using discriminant function analysis and machine learning algorithms. The study included paranasal computed tomography images of 100 live individuals of known sex and age. The paranasal sinuses were marked using semiautomatic segmentation and their volumes and densities were measured. Sex determination using discriminant analyses and machine learning algorithms was performed. Males had higher mean volumes of all paranasal sinuses than females (P < 0.05); however, there were no statistically significant differences between age groups or sides (P > 0.05). The paranasal sinus volumes of females were more dysmorphic during sex determination. The frontal sinus volume had the highest accuracy, whereas the sphenoid sinus volume was the least dysmorphic. In this study, although there was moderate sexual dimorphism in paranasal sinus volumes, the use of machine learning methods increased the accuracy of sex estimation. We believe that sex estimation rates will be significantly higher in future studies that combine linear measurements, volumetric measurements, and machine-learning algorithms.
Chromatic fusion: generative multimodal neuroimaging data fusion provides multi-informed insights into schizophrenia
Authors: Geenjaar Eloy P.T. , Lewis Noah L. , Fedorov Alex , Wu Lei , Ford Judith M. , Preda Adrian , Plis Sergey M. , Calhoun Vince D. 
Published: May 2023

Full abstractThis work proposes a novel generative multimodal approach to jointly analyze multimodal data while linking the multimodal information to colors. By linking colors to private and shared information from modalities, we introduce chromatic fusion, a framework that allows for intuitively interpreting multimodal data. We test our framework on structural, functional, and diffusion modality pairs. In this framework, we use a multimodal variational autoencoder to learn separate latent subspaces; a private space for each modality, and a shared space between both modalities. These subspaces are then used to cluster subjects, and colored based on their distance from the variational prior, to obtain meta-chromatic patterns (MCPs). Each subspace corresponds to a different color, red is the private space of the first modality, green is the shared space, and blue is the private space of the second modality. We further analyze the most schizophrenia-enriched MCPs for each modality pair and find that distinct schizophrenia subgroups are captured by schizophrenia-enriched MCPs for different modality pairs, emphasizing schizophrenia’s heterogeneity. For the FA-sFNC, sMRI-ICA, and sMRI-ICA MCPs, we generally find decreased fractional corpus callosum anisotropy and decreased spatial ICA map and voxel-based morphometry strength in the superior frontal lobe for schizophrenia patients. To additionally highlight the importance of the shared space between modalities, we perform a robustness analysis of the latent dimensions in the shared space across folds. These robust latent dimensions are subsequently correlated with schizophrenia to reveal that for each modality pair, multiple shared latent dimensions strongly correlate with schizophrenia. In particular, for FA-sFNC and sMRI-sFNC shared latent dimensions, we respectively observe a reduction in the modularity of the functional connectivity and a decrease in visual-sensorimotor connectivity for schizophrenia patients. The reduction in modularity couples with increased fractional anisotropy in the left part of the cerebellum dorsally. The reduction in the visual-sensorimotor connectivity couples with a reduction in the voxel-based morphometry generally but increased dorsal cerebellum voxel-based morphometry. Since the modalities are trained jointly, we can also use the shared space to try and reconstruct one modality from the other. We show that cross-reconstruction is possible with our network and is generally much better than depending on the variational prior. In sum, we introduce a powerful new multimodal neuroimaging framework designed to provide a rich and intuitive understanding of the data that we hope challenges the reader to think differently about how modalities interact.
Multimodal Risk Prediction with Physiological Signals, Medical Images and Clinical Notes
Authors: Wang Yuanlong , Yin Changchang , Zhang Ping 
Published: May 2023

SummaryThe broad adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) provides great opportunities to conduct healthcare research and solve various clinical problems in medicine. With recent advances and success, methods based on machine learning and deep learning have become increasingly popular in medical informatics. Combining data from multiple modalities may help in predictive tasks. To assess the expectations of multimodal data, we introduce a comprehensive fusion framework designed to integrate temporal variables, medical images, and clinical notes in Electronic Health Record (EHR) for enhanced performance in down-stream predictive tasks. Early, joint, and late fusion strategies were employed to effectively combine data from various modalities. Model performance and contribution scores show that multimodal models outperform uni-modal models in various tasks. Additionally, temporal signs contain more information than CXR images and clinical notes in three explored predictive tasks. Therefore, models integrating different data modalities can work better in predictive tasks.