bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of the Pharmacist in the Management of Polypharmacy and Drug
Interactions in the Elderly Patient with Chemotherapy
Authors: de Souza Silvania Maria Saldanha , Soares José Cleberson Santos , Cavalcanti Iago Dillion Lima 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
This study aimed to review the role of the pharmacist in cases of polypharmacy
in the care of elderly patients with cancer.

Methods:
An narrative literature review was carried out using the descriptors "Polypharmacy", "Pharmacological
interactions", "Geriatrics" and "Antineoplastic agents", in the ScienceDirect, MEDLINE,
and CAPLUS databases.

Results:
One hundred and ten articles were identified, of which 82 were included in this review. The
articles showed the importance of evaluating drug interactions in the treatment of cancer in oncogeriatric
patients due to the high amount of drugs that these patients use, which can exceed 6 drugs per day,
and that these interactions can compromise the treatment of the patient, as well as induce serious toxic
effects, causing the patient to be hospitalized or even die.

Conclusion:
The inclusion of the pharmacist in the care of oncogeriatric patients reduces the risk of
interaction through pharmacotherapeutic monitoring.
Combinations of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis and Full-field Digital
Mammography for Different Density Types of Breasts
Authors: Chen Qiong , Pan Xing , Xu Junfeng , Ying Weifeng , Hou Yuyu , Lu Ming , An Dongqin , Peng Weijun 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The combination of FFDM and DBT can significantly improve the diagnostic efficiency of breast cancer, but with the increase of breast radiation absorbed dose.

Objectives:
To compare and analyze the radiation dose and diagnostic performance of different mammography positions combinations of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and full-field digital mammography (FFDM) for different density types of breasts.

Methods:
This retrospective study involved 1,195 patients who underwent simultaneous breast DBT and FFDM. The mammography combinations were Group A, FFDM(CC+MLO); Group B, FDM(CC)+DBT(MLO); Group C, FFDM(MLO)+DBT(CC); Group D, DBT(CC+MLO); and Group E, FFDM(CC+MLO)+DBT(CC+MLO). An intergroup comparative analysis of radiation dose and diagnostic performance of different combinations of mammography positions for different breast density types was performed using the pathologic and 24-month follow-up results as the diagnostic basis.

Results:
Overall, 2,403 mammograms indicated 477 cases of non-dense breast tissues and 1,926 cases of dense breast tissues. Differences in the mean radiation dose for each non-dense and dense breast group were statistically significant. The areas under the diagnostic receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the non-dense breast group were not statistically significant. In the dense breast group, the z-values were 1.623 (p = 0.105) and 1.724 (p = 0.085) for the area under the ROC curve in Group C compared with Groups D and E, respectively, and 0.724 (p = 0.469) when comparing Group D with Group E. The differences between the remaining groups were statistically significant.

result:
Overall, 2403 mammograms revealed 477 cases of nondense breast tissues (including 24 malignant lesions) and 1926 cases of dense breast tissues (including 156 malignant lesions). Differences in the mean radiation dose values for each nondense and dense breast group were statistically significant. The areas under the diagnostic receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the nondense breast group were not statistically significant. In the dense breast group, compared with groups D and E, the z-values were 1.623 (p = 0.105) and 1.724 (p = 0.085) for the area under the ROC curve in group C, respectively; compared group D with E, the value was 0.724 (p = 0.469). The differences between the remaining groups were statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Group A had the lowest radiation dose and no significant difference in diagnostic performance compared with the other non-dense breast groups. Group C had high diagnostic performance in the dense breast group considering the low radiation dose.
CT and MRI Features of Chondrosarcoma in the Mastoid Involving the Facial
Nerve in Comparison to Facial Nerve Schwannoma
Authors: Liu Jun-hua , Qi Meng , Sha Yan , Zhang Fang 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Chondrosarcoma in the mastoid is extremely rare, and it is easily misdiagnosed as a facial nerve schwannoma.

Objective:
To identify and compare computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of chondrosarcoma in the mastoid involving the facial nerve, including diffusion-weighted MRI characteristics, with those of facial nerve schwannoma.

Methods:
CT and MRI features of 11 chondrosarcomas in the mastoid involving the facial nerve and 15 facial nerve schwannomas, confirmed by histopathology, were retrospectively reviewed. The tumor location, size, morphological features, bone change, calcification, signal intensity, texture, enhancement characteristics, the extent of lesions, and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were evaluated.

Results:
On CT imaging, calcification could be found in 81.8% of chondrosarcomas (9/11) and 33.3% of facial nerve schwannomas (5/15). Chondrosarcoma in the mastoid appeared significantly hyperintense on T2-weighted images (T2WI) with low signal intensity septa in eight patients (72.7%, 8/11). After contrast, all chondrosarcomas showed inhomogeneous enhancement, and septal and peripheral enhancement could be found in six cases (54.5%, 6/11). Facial nerve schwannoma demonstrated inhomogeneous hyperintensity on T2WI in 12 cases (80%, 12/15), with obvious hyperintense cystic changes in seven cases. There were significant differences in calcification (P=0.014), T2 signal intensity (P=0.006), and septal and peripheral enhancement (P=0.001) between chondrosarcomas and facial nerve schwannomas. The ADCs of chondrosarcoma were significantly higher than those of facial nerve schwannomas (P<0.001).

Conclusion:
CT and MRI with ADCs had the potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy of chondrosarcoma in the mastoid involving the facial nerve.
Automated Brain Tumour Detection and Classification using Deep Features and
Bayesian Optimised Classifiers
Authors: Kumar S. Arun , Sasikala S. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose:
Brain tumour detection and classification require trained radiologists for efficient diagnosis. The proposed work aims to build a Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) tool to automate brain tumour detection using Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques.

Materials and Methods:
Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) collected from the publicly available Kaggle dataset is used for brain tumour detection and classification. Deep features extracted from the global pooling layer of Pretrained Resnet18 network are classified using 3 different ML Classifiers, such as Support vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), and Decision Tree (DT). The above classifiers are further hyperparameter optimised using Bayesian Algorithm (BA) to enhance the performance. Fusion of features extracted from shallow and deep layers of the pretrained Resnet18 network followed by BA-optimised ML classifiers is further used to enhance the detection and classification performance. The confusion matrix derived from the classifier model is used to evaluate the system's performance. Evaluation metrics, such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, F1 score, Balance Classification Rate (BCR), Mathews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) and Kappa Coefficient (Kp), are calculated.

Results:
Maximum accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, F1 score, BCR, MCC, and Kp of 99.11 %, 98.99 %, 99.22 %, 99.09 %, 99.09 %, 99.10 %, 98.21 %, 98.21 %, respectively, were obtained for detection using fusion of shallow and deep features of Resnet18 pretrained network classified by BA optimized SVM classifier. Feature fusion performs better for classification task with accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, F1 score, BCR, MCC and Kp of 97.31 %, 97.30 %, 98.65 %, 97.37 %, 97.34 %, 97.97%, 95.99 %, 93.95 %, respectively.

Conclusion:
The proposed brain tumour detection and classification framework using deep feature extraction from Resnet 18 pretrained network in conjunction with feature fusion and optimised ML classifiers can improve the system performance. Henceforth, the proposed work can be used as an assistive tool to aid the radiologist in automated brain tumour analysis and treatment.
Comparison between Conventional Breath-hold and Respiratory-triggered
Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography with and without Compressed
Sensing: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kim Younguk , Lee Eun Sun , Park Hyun Jeong , Park Sung Bin , Kuehn Bernd , Sung Jae Kon , Lim Yaeji , Kim Changwoo 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
To compare the image quality of breath-hold (BH) and respiratory-triggered (RT) 3D-MRCP with or without CS application in the same study population.

Aim:
The application of compressed sensing (CS) has enabled breath-hold 3D-MRCP with a shorter acquisition time in clinical practice.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, from February to July 2020, a total of 98 consecutive patients underwent four different acquisition types of 3D-MRCP.; 1) BH MRCP with the generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA) (BH-GRAPPA), 2) RT-GRAPPA-MRCP, 3) RT-CS-MRCP and 4) BH-CS-MRCP. Relative contrast of common bile duct, 5-scale visibility score of biliary pancreatic ducts, 3-scale artifact score and 5-scale overall image quality score were evaluated by two abdominal radiologists.

Results:
Relative contrast value was significantly higher in BH-CS or RT-CS than in RT-GRAPPA (0.90 ± 0.057 and 0.89 ± 0.079, respectively, vs. 0.82 ± 0.071, p < 0.01) or BH-GRAPPA (vs. 0.77 ± 0.080, p < 0.01). The area affected by artifact was significantly lower in BH-CS among 4 MRCPs (p < 0.08). Overall image quality score in BH-CS was significantly higher than BH-GRAPPA (3.40 vs. 2.71, p < 0.01). There were no significant differences between RT-GRAPPA and BH-CS (vs. 3.13, p = 0.67) in overall image quality.

Conclusion:
In this study, our results revealed BH-CS had higher relative contrast and comparable or superior image quality among four MRCP sequences.
Concurrent Diffuse Dural and Leptomeningeal Enhancements in Brain
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Following a Mild COVID-19 Infection: A Novel
Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Bawand Rashed , Ghiasian Masoud , Samadyan Mustapha 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, various complications have been reported in patients with this infection worldwide, including a wide range of neurological disorders. In this study, we have reported a novel neurological complication in a 46-years-old woman who was referred due to a headache following a mild COVID-19 infection. Also, we have had a quick review of previous reports of dural and leptomeningeal involvements in COVID-19 patients.

Case Report:
The patient's headache was persistent, global, and compressive with radiation to the eyes. The severity of the headache was increased during the disease course and was exacerbated by walking, coughing, and sneezing but decreased with rest. The high severity of the headache disrupted the patient’s sleep. Neurological examinations were completely normal, and laboratory tests did not have abnormal findings except for an inflammatory pattern. Finally, in the brain MRI, a concurrent diffuse dural enhancement and leptomeningeal involvement were observed, which is a new finding in COVID-19 patients and has not been reported so far. The patient was hospitalized and treated with Methylprednisolone pulses. After completing the therapeutic course, she was discharged from the hospital in good condition and with an improved headache. A repeated brain MRI was requested 2 months after discharge, which was completely normal and showed no evidence of dural and leptomeningeal involvements.

Conclusion:
Inflammatory complications of the central nervous system caused by COVID-19 can occur in different forms and types, and clinicians should consider them.
Insight on Structural Modification, Cytotoxic or Anti-Proliferative
Activity, Structure-Activity Relationship of Berberine Derivatives
Authors: Yin Mengxuan , Mou Jiajia , Sun Lili , Deng Yanru , Ren Xiaoliang 
Published: April 2023

:
Berberine (BBR) is a quaternary ammonium alkaloid isolated from the Traditional Chinese
Medicine Coptis chinensis. It possesses a plethora of pharmacological activities because its
unique structure properties make it readily interact with macromolecules through π-π stacking and
electrostatic interaction. Its anti-tumor effects are receiving more and more attention in recent years.
Cytotoxicity and anti-proliferation are the important anti-tumor modes of BBR, which have been
studied by many research groups.

:
This study aims to review the structural modifications of BBR and its cytotoxic derivatives. Also, to
study the corresponding structure-activity relationship. BBR showed potential activities toward tumor
cells, however, its modest activity and poor physicochemical properties hindered its application
in clinical. Structural modification is a common and effective approach to improve BBR's cytotoxic
or anti-proliferative activities.

:
The structural modifications of BBR, the cytotoxic or anti-proliferative activities of its derivatives,
and the corresponding structure-activity relationship (SAR) were summarized in the review.

:
The concluded SAR of BBR derivatives with their cytotoxic or anti-proliferative activities will provide
great prospects for the future anti-tumor drug design with BBR as the lead compound.
Enzymatic Activity of Glucose Oxidase on Mesoporous TiO2:Mn Surfaces
Authors: Bousiakou Leda G. , Dobson Peter J. , Aldossary Omar M. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
It is well known, that titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles can lead
to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon photoexcitation.

Method:
In this work, we investigated mesoporous surfaces based on TiO2 nanoparticles
doped with 0.6-0.7% manganese (Mn), which showed reduced photoactivity and were based
on the more stable rutile polymorph of titania.

Result:
In particular, we showed spectrophotometrically that the enzyme glucose oxidase
(GOD) can be successfully adsorbed up to 80% while retaining its bioactivity in contact with
the TiO2:Mn-based surface.

Conclusion:
We propose that this study could potentially give rise to biocompatible surfaces
for biosensing applications.
A Review of the Most Important Antiparasitic Compounds Effective on
Human Fascioliasis from the Past Until Now
Authors: Garedaghi Yagoob , Firouzivand Yaghoub , Khanmiri Hamidreza Hassanzadeh , Shabestari Asl Ali 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Fascioliasis is a worldwide parasitic infection caused by a food-borne trematode
called Fasciola, and Fasciola infection has been reported in more than 80 countries. Recently, the
WHO has presented a roadmap for overlooked diseases from 2021 to 2030, which aims to increase
the prevention and control of overlooked different diseases such as Fascioliasis.

Methods:
Our main objective was to conduct a systematic review aiming to summarize recent
knowledge on the antiparasitic compounds against human fascioliasis. A keyword search was performed
in PubMed, Web of Science, to gather relevant literature published between the 17th of April
1992 and the 23rd October 2022. A total of 329 records were initially retrieved, with 28 full-text articles
retained for the qualitative synthesis.

Results:
Up to now, various antiparasitic drugs have been used to treat human fascioliasis, the most
important of which are: Triclabendazole, Albendazole and Bithionol, Praziquantel, Emetine and Dehydroemetine,
Mebendazole in combination with Metronidazole and Nitazoxanide, Chloroquine,
Hexylresorcinol. From the past to the present, natural herbal medicines have traditionally been used in
most countries to treat various parasitic diseases in humans and animals so that these are known as active
anthelmintic phytochemicals such as Artemisinin, Mirazid, Plumbagin, Lycium chinense.

Conclusion:
Although Triclabendazole is an effective and useful drug of choice for the treatment of
human fascioliasis, but due to the gradual resistance of fasciolas to Triclabendazole, further research is
needed to find new drugs. Despite many advances in antiparasitic compounds used against human
fascioliasis, a number of integrated control measures should be implemented as strong management
strategies for fascioliasis.
A Skin Cancer Detector Based on Transfer Learning and Feature Fusion
Authors: Cai Hongguo , Brinti Hussin Norriza , Lan Huihong , Li Hong 
Published: April 2023

Background:
With the rapid development of advanced artificial intelligence technologies which have been applied in varying types of applications, especially in the medical field. Cancer is one of the biggest problems in medical sciences. If cancer can be detected and treated early, the possibility of a cure will be greatly increased. Malignant skin cancer is one of the cancers with the highest mortality rate, which cannot be diagnosed in time only through doctors’ experience. We can employ artificial intelligence algorithms to detect skin cancer at an early stage, for example, patients are determined whether suffering from skin cancer by detecting skin damage or spots.

Objective:
We use the real HAM10000 image dataset to analyze and predict skin cancer.

Methods:
(1) We introduce a lightweight attention module to discover the relationships between features, and we fine-tune the pre-trained model (i.e., ResNet-50) on the HAM10000 dataset to extract the hidden high-level features from the images; (2) we integrate these high-level features with generic statistical features, and use the SMOTE oversampling technique to augment samples from the minority classes; and (3) we input the augmented samples into the XGBoost model for training and predicting.

Results:
The experimental results show that the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the proposed SkinDet (Skin cancer detector based on transfer learning and feature fusion) model reached 98.24%, 97.84%, and 98.13%. The proposed model has stronger classification capability for the minority classes, such as dermato fibroma and actinic keratoses.

Conclusion:
SkinDet contains a lightweight attention module and can extract the hidden high-level features of the images by fine-tuning the pretrained model on the skin cancer dataset. In particular, SkinDet integrates high-level features with statistical features and augments samples of these minority classes. Importantly, SkinDet can be applied to classify the samples into minority classes.
Cryptosporidiosis in India and the World: A Review
Authors: Sharma Kirtika , Srivastava Saumya , Tak Vibhor 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Cryptosporidiosis is caused by infection with a coccidian parasite belonging to the genus
Cryptosporidium. Initially, human cryptosporidiosis was believed to be caused only by one species, but
since the advent of molecular studies, 15 more species have been discovered to cause this infection.
Among them, Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum are the most common species
involved. This mainly affects children and causes diarrhea in most cases. It is mainly diagnosed by
microscopy, especially in low-middle-income countries. This review covers the epidemiology, life
cycle, risk factors, clinical manifestations, different diagnostic methods and treatment of this disease.
The Impact of ROS and NGF in the Gliomagenesis and their Emerging
Implications in the Glioma Treatment
Authors: Fanfarillo Francesca , Ferraguti Giampiero , Lucarelli Marco , Francati Silvia , Barbato Christian , Minni Antonio , Ceccanti Mauro , Tarani Luigi , Petrella Carla , Fiore Marco 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules derived from molecular oxygen
(O2). ROS sources can be endogenous, such as cellular organelles and inflammatory cells, or exogenous,
such as ionizing radiation, alcohol, food, tobacco, chemotherapeutical agents and infectious
agents. Oxidative stress results in damage of several cellular structures (lipids, proteins, lipoproteins,
and DNA) and is implicated in various disease states such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer, neurodegeneration,
and aging. A large body of studies showed that ROS plays an important role in carcinogenesis.
Indeed, increased production of ROS causes accumulation in DNA damage leading to tumorigenesis.
Various investigations demonstrated the involvement of ROS in gliomagenesis. The most
common type of primary intracranial tumor in adults is represented by glioma. Furthermore, there is
growing attention on the role of the Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in brain tumor pathogenesis. NGF is
a growth factor belonging to the family of neurotrophins. It is involved in neuronal differentiation,
proliferation and survival. Studies were conducted to investigate NGF pathogenesis's role as a pro- or
anti-tumoral factor in brain tumors. It has been observed that NGF can induce both differentiation and
proliferation in cells. The involvement of NGF in the pathogenesis of brain tumors leads to the hypothesis
of a possible implication of NGF in new therapeutic strategies. Recent studies have focused on the role of
neurotrophin receptors as potential targets in glioma therapy. This review provides an updated overview
of the role of ROS and NGF in gliomagenesis and their emerging role in glioma treatment.
G Protein-coupled Receptors (GPCRs) as Potential Therapeutics for Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Sharaf Sharaf E. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:In the central nervous system (CNS), G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most common targets of neuropharmacological drugs. GPCRs are activated by various neurotransmitters, which results in slow synaptic transmission. Recently, remarkable progress has been achieved in identifying genes and signaling pathways linked to the risk of psychiatric disorders. Even though the biological mechanisms governing psychiatric disorders, such as mood disorders and schizophrenia, are uncertain, GPCRs are essential in diagnosing and treating various ailments. However, due to the complicated reasons responsible for these disorders, there has been a significant decrease in the pipeline for the progression of novel psychiatric medications throughout the world. Antipsychotics and antidepressants target GPCRs, which regulate various subsequent signaling pathways and play a key role in altering brain function. The advancement of our knowledge of GPCR signaling has opened up new avenues for developing customized medications. This review summarizes the current understanding of therapeutic GPCR targets for psychiatric disorders. For patients resistant to current therapies, the future development of new drugs targeting GPCR signaling pathways is promising.