bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controllable Crystallization of Two‐Dimensional Bi Nanocrystals with Morphology‐Boosted CO2 Electroreduction in Wide pH Environments
Authors: Chen Li‐Wei , Hao Yu‐Chen , Li Jiani , Hu Linyu , Zuo Xintao , Dai Chunlong , Yu Zi‐Long , Huang Hui‐Zi , Tian Wenjing , Liu Di , Chang Xiaoxue , Li Pengfei , Shao Ruiwen , Wang Bo , Yin An‐Xiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional low‐melting‐point (LMP) metal nanocrystals are attracting increasing attention with broad and irreplaceable applications due to their unique surface and topological structures. However, the chemical synthesis, especially the fine control over the nucleation (reduction) and growth (crystallization), of such LMP metal nanocrystals remains elusive as limited by the challenges of low standard redox potential, low melting point, poor crystalline symmetry, etc. Here, a controllable reduction‐melting‐crystallization (RMC) protocol to synthesize free‐standing and surfactant‐free bismuth nanocrystals with tunable dimensions, morphologies, and surface structures is presented. Especially, ultrathin bismuth nanosheets with flat or jagged surfaces/edges can be prepared with high selectivity. The jagged bismuth nanosheets, with abundant surface steps and defects, exhibit boosted electrocatalytic CO2 reduction performances in acidic, neutral, and alkaline aqueous solutions, achieving the maximum selectivity of near unity at the current density of 210 mA cm–2 for formate evolution under ambient conditions. This work creates the RMC pathway for the synthesis of free‐standing two‐dimensional LMP metal nanomaterials and may find broader applicability in more interdisciplinary applications.
Logic Control of Directional Long‐Range Resonance Energy Transfer On 2D DNA Nanosheet
Authors: Li Chunhong , Lv Wenyi , Yang Feifan , Li Chunmei , Huang Chengzhi , Zhen Shujun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBy arranging fluorophores in a directional way on a 2D DNA nanosheet that transfers energy from the initial donor to the acceptor through homogeneous Förster resonance energy transfer (homo‐FRET), it is found that the photonic wires (PWs) based on cascade long‐range resonance energy transfer (LrRET) up to 15.6 nm can be effectively achieved through the rational selection of the fluorophores and the adjustment of their position with different distance. Then, logic control of directional energy transfer is achieved with the blocking of the energy transfer pathway, making two tumor‐associated microRNA (miRNA) inputs produce an obvious output with the association of tumor diagnosis only when they present simultaneously. This research provides a new thought for development of PWs on 2D DNA nanosheets and a smart application of LrRET‐based DNA AND logic control of intracellular miRNA imaging and tumor cells recognition.
Stability of DNA Origami Nanostructures in Physiological Media: The Role of Molecular Interactions
Authors: Linko Veikko , Keller Adrian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProgrammable, custom‐shaped, and nanometer‐precise DNA origami nanostructures have rapidly emerged as prospective and versatile tools in bionanotechnology and biomedicine. Despite tremendous progress in their utilization in these fields, essential questions related to their structural stability under physiological conditions remain unanswered. Here, DNA origami stability is explored by strictly focusing on distinct molecular‐level interactions. In this regard, the fundamental stabilizing and destabilizing ionic interactions as well as interactions involving various enzymes and other proteins are discussed, and their role in maintaining, modulating, or decreasing the structural integrity and colloidal stability of DNA origami nanostructures is summarized. Additionally, specific issues demanding further investigation are identified. This review – through its specific viewpoint – may serve as a primer for designing new, stable DNA objects and for adapting their use in applications dealing with physiological media.
Multi‐Responsive Supercapacitors from Chiral Nematic Cellulose Nanocrystal‐Based Activated Carbon Aerogels
Authors: Andrew Lucas J. , Gillman Emma R. , Walters Christopher M. , Lizundia Erlantz , MacLachlan Mark J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe development of long‐lived electrochemical energy storage systems based on renewable materials is integral for the transition toward a more sustainable society. Supercapacitors have garnered considerable interest given their impressive cycling performance, low cost, and safety. Here, the first example of a chiral nematic activated carbon aerogel is shown. Specifically, supercapacitor materials are developed based on cellulose, a non‐toxic and biodegradable material. The chiral nematic structure of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is harnessed to obtain free‐standing hierarchically ordered activated carbon aerogels. To impart multifunctionality, iron‐ and cobalt‐oxide nanoparticles are incorporated within the CNC matrix. The hierarchical structure remains intact even at nanoparticle concentrations of ≈70 wt%. The aerogels are highly porous, with specific surface areas up to 820 m2 g−1. A maximum magnetization of 17.8 ± 0.1 emu g−1 with superparamagnetic behavior is obtained, providing a base for actuator applications. These materials are employed as symmetric supercapacitors; owing to the concomitant effect of the hierarchically arranged carbon skeleton and KOH activation, a maximum Cp of 294 F g−1 with a capacitance retention of 93% after 2500 cycles at 50 mV s−1 is achieved. The multifunctionality of the composite aerogels opens new possibilities for the use of biomass‐derived materials in energy storage and sensing applications.
Efficient Self‐Powered Overall Water Splitting by Ni4Mo/MoO2 Heterogeneous Nanorods Trifunctional Electrocatalysts
Authors: Xiao Ran , Wang Fenfen , Luo Li , Yao Xincheng , Huang Yongchao , Wang Zhongmin , Balogun M.‐Sadeeq 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe exploration of cost‐effective multifunctional electrodes with high activity toward energy storage and conversion systems, such as self‐powered alkaline water electrolysis, is very meaningful, although studies remain quite limited. Herein, a heterogeneous nickel‐molybdenum (NiMo)‐based electrode is fabricated for the first time as a trifunctional electrode for asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC), hydrogen evolution reaction, and oxygen evolution reaction. The trifunctional electrode consists of Ni4Mo and MoO2 (denoted Ni4Mo/MoO2) with hierarchical nanorod heterostructure and abundant heterogeneous nanointerfaces creating sufficient active sites and efficient charge transfer for achieving high performance self‐power electrochemical devices. The ASC consists of the as‐prepared Ni4Mo/MoO2 positive electrode, showing a broad potential window of 1.6 V, and a maximum energy density of 115.6 Wh kg−1, while the alkaline overall water splitting (OWS) assembled using the as‐prepared Ni4Mo/MoO2 as bifunctional catalysts only requires a low cell voltage of 1.48 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in aqueous alkaline electrolyte. Finally, by integrating the Ni4Mo/MoO2‐based ASC and OWS devices, an aqueous self‐powered OWS is assembled, which self‐power the OWS to generate hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, verifying great potential of the as‐prepared Ni4Mo/MoO2 for sustainable and renewable energy storage and conversion system.
Catalytic VS2–VO2 Heterostructure that Enables a Self‐Supporting Li2S Cathode for Superior Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Deng Yirui , Tang Wenhao , Zhu Yifei , Ma Jingru , Zhou Miaomiao , Shi Yiliang , Yan Peng , Liu Ruiping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) have become very promising next‐generation energy‐storage technologies owing to their high energy densities and cost‐effectiveness. However, the poor electrical conductivity of the active material, volume changes that occur during cycling, the “shuttle effect” involving lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), and lithium dendrite growth limit their commercializability. Herein, the preparation of a CC@VS2–VO2@Li2S@C electrode prepared by the in situ growth of a VS2–VO2 heterostructure on carbon cloth (CC), loaded with Li2S, and finally coated with a carbon shell, is reported. The cell with the CC@VS2–VO2@Li2S@C cathode exhibits superior cycling stability and rate performance owing to synergy between its various components. The cell delivers a high discharge specific capacity of 919.8 mA g−1 at 0.2 C, with a capacity of 588.9 mAh g−1 retained after 500 cycles with an average capacity attenuation of 0.072% per cycle. The cell exhibits discharge capacities of 937.6, 780.2, 641.9, 541, and 462.8 mAh g−1 at current densities of 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 C, respectively. This study provides a new approach for catalyzing LiPS conversion and promoting LSB applications.
Morphological and Physicochemical Properties of Pine Seed Starch Nanoparticles
Authors: Leandro Gabriel Coelho , Cesca Karina , Monteiro Alcilene Rodrigues , Valencia Germán Ayala 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study aims to characterize pine starch (PS) and pine starch nanoparticles (PSNPs) produced by anti‐solvent precipitation (ASP). PS and PSNPs are characterized by particle size, surface charge, morphology, crystalline structure, chemical bonds, thermal properties, moisture content (MC), water activity, solubility in water (SW), swelling factor (SF), water and oil absorption, and stability in water. PS shows typical starch particle size distribution, while PSNPs display a size distribution varying between 230 and 1300 nm. The crystalline structure is modified from A‐type structure (native starch) to V6h structure (PSNPs) after ASP. PSNPs SW at 25 and 90 °C, as well as oil and water absorption capacities are greatly improved when compared with PS. Furthermore, PSNPs have high stability in water at 25 °C, forming homogeneous dispersions. This research provides information about the valorization of pine seed as a possible starch source to produce nanoparticles
Rheology guiding the design and printability of aqueous colloidal composites for additive manufacturing
Authors: Bean Ren H. , Rau Daniel A. , Williams Christopher B. , Long Timothy E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVat photopolymerization (VP) and direct ink write (DIW) additive manufacturing (AM) provide complex geometries with precise spatial control employing a vast array of photo‐reactive polymeric systems. Although VP is recognized for superior resolution and surface finish, DIW provides versatility for higher viscosity systems. However, each AM platform presents specific rheological requirements that are essential for successful 3D printing. First, viscosity requirements constrain VP polymeric materials to viscosities below 10 Pa s. Thus, this requirement presents a challenging paradox that must be overcome to attain the physical performance of high molecular weight polymers while maintaining suitable viscosities for VP polymeric materials. Second, the necessary rheological complexity that is required for DIW pastes requires additional rheological measurements to ensure desirable thixotropic behavior. This manuscript describes the importance of rheological measurements when designing polymeric latexes for AM. Latexes effectively decouple the dependency of viscosity on molecular weight, thus enabling high molecular weight polymers with low viscosities. Photo‐crosslinking of water‐soluble monomers and telechelic oligomeric diacrylates in the presence of the latex enables the fabrication of a scaffold, which is restricted to the continuous aqueous phase and effectively surrounds the latex nanoparticles enabling the printing of otherwise inaccessible high molecular weight polymers. Rheological testing, including both steady and oscillatory shear experiments, provides insights into system properties and provides predictability for successful printing. This perspective article aims to provide an understanding of both chemical functionality (photo‐ and thermal‐reactivity) and rheological response and their importance for the successful design and evaluation of VP and DIW processable latex formulations.
MRI and CT findings of compressive cervical myelopathy in a dog with suspected immune‐mediated polyarthritis presenting with tetraparesis
Authors: Karpozilou Athina , Baptista Lara , Moreno‐Aguado Beatriz , Kelly Darren , Fernandes Ricardo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn 11‐month‐old, male, entire Great Dane dog presented with acute‐onset non‐ambulatory tetraparesis. Three months before presentation, the dog was treated for a suspected dog bite injury. Examination revealed pyrexia (39.7°C) and marked multiple joint swelling, with cervicalgia and non‐ambulatory tetraparesis. Based on clinicopathological findings and diagnostic imaging, a diagnosis of type II immune‐mediated polyarthritis was reached. The tetraparesis was investigated using magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, allowing the identification of compressive cranial cervical myelopathy secondary to severe occipitoatlantoaxial joint and multiple facet joint distension. The patient was initially treated with antimicrobial therapy with resolution of the pyrexia. Given the persistent severe multiple joint swelling and tetraparesis, immunosuppressive therapy was started. Due to refractory disease and poor prognosis, euthanasia was elected 97 days following presentation. To the authors’ knowledge, compressive cervical myelopathy associated with immune‐mediated polyarthritis has not been previously reported in the veterinary literature.
From Dansō to Genderless: Mediating Queer Styles and Androgynous Bodies in Japan
Authors: Ho Michelle H. S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores androgynous bodies and styles in contemporary Japan throughdansō(female-to-male crossdressing) and “genderless” (jendāresu).Dansōrefers to gender-crossing practices by individuals who are assigned female at birth, whereas genderless is a fashion mode which denotes styles that do not distinguish between genders. Drawing on media coverage ofdansōindividuals and genderlessjoshi(girls) in the 2010s, supplemented by ethnographic research conducted in a Tokyodansōcafe-and-bar, I argue that through their androgynous practices, these individuals construct alternative ways of being before they are labeled as “doing”dansōor genderless. Ultimately, I suggest thatdansōand genderless allow us to rethink the gender binary, particularly in queer studies and transgender studies in a transnational context, and the connections between style and gender and sexual subjectivities.
Hybrid Masculinities? Reflexive Accounts of Japanese Youth at University Josō Contests
Authors: Miyazaki Ayumi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn gender and sexuality studies, recent diversifications and changes in masculinities have garnered much attention. In particular, the concept of hybrid masculinities is a useful tool to understand the complexity of masculinity construction. This chapter examines how Japanese youth at university josō (male-to-female cross-dressing) contests negotiate the meanings of gender and femininities through their josō practice. Many contestants explained that their motivations for josō are either internal and gender-based or external with social and performative purposes. By closely analyzing the reflexive accounts of these contestants, however, it will become evident that their motivations are too complex to analyze either with the internal/external axis or using the notion of hybrid masculinities, because their femininities and masculinities are deeply intertwined in different ways, hence escaping from a binary framework. I conclude that josō practitioners engage in complex negotiations of gender and sexual normativities, while simultaneously blurring and reinforcing gender hegemony.
The Neoliberal Foundations of Fundraising, 1995–2008
Authors: Raddon Mary-Beth 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter identifies the policy changes, trends, and debates in the years 1995–2008 pivotal to understanding the neoliberal foundations of fundraising in Canada. Neoliberal policy restructured the relationship of government to the nonprofit and voluntary sector by making government funding scarce and conditional on winning short-term contracts. New representatives of the sector did not contest these changes but sought consensus-oriented partnerships with government. Resulting trends included intense competition between nonprofit organizations and growth in the size and number of major gifts, but fewer charitable donations from ordinary Canadians. To keep major gifts flowing and growing, fundraising bodies lobbied successfully for augmented income tax incentives for charitable donations primarily benefitting the wealthiest donors.
Turning the Welfare-Migration Nexus Upside-Down: The Case of European Retirees in Spain
Authors: Finotelli Claudia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter analyses the welfare-migration nexus by looking at the relationship between intra-EU mobility and welfare restrictions in Southern Europe. Specifically, the chapter addresses the provision of healthcare assistance regulated by European law, exploring the extent to which the generally welcome non-labour-motivated inflows from Northern European countries to Southern Europe may lead to welfare restrictions and challenge EU citizenship as a source of equal access to welfare. The increasing demand for healthcare services by elderly EU citizens has triggered unexpected forms of welfare chauvinism in Spain, leading to restricted access to public healthcare for EU citizens without full residency in Spain. The results therefore confirm that the restrictionist turn in regulating EU citizens’ access to welfare has not been limited to South-North labour-motivated mobility, but can be easily extended to intra-EU non-labour-motivated mobility to Southern Europe. However, Spain’s inertia in revising the reimbursement procedures for healthcare treatment provided primarily to elderly European migrants also indicates that intra-EU mobility is deeply embedded in a complex system where the “protection” of public services is one state interest out of many.
Looking Into Policy Change: How the Italian Asylum Regime Came of Age
Authors: Ponzo Irene 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe chapter illustrates how Italy’s frames, strategies and practices concerning asylum have changed over the last three decades, and how the country has passed from what I have called, using a biological metaphor, infancy to adulthood. For a long time, European pressure and norms over asylum affected Italian legislation without significantly impacting policy frames and actual practices: Italy perceived itself as a transit country and, as a consequence, allowed and even fostered secondary movements of asylum seekers towards other countries and kept its asylum system underdeveloped. Since 2011, those solutions started failing because of the modifications in the social phenomenon of migration (the sharp increase of unplanned inflows) and in the institutional settings where negotiations among Member States occur (the full inclusion of Italy into the Schengen Area and the CEAS). Those failures resulted in a policy change so that the Italian asylum regime came of age: the country adopted a new policy frame by acknowledging itself as a destination country for asylum seekers, overcame ad hoc emergency solutions, and joined the Northern European countries’ call for more responsibility-sharing. However, Italy’s weak political-institutional capacity has slowed down the consolidation of the new practices. At the same time, it appears as largely responsible for the gaps with older destination countries in the management of asylum whereas divergence in policy frames and goals has lost relevance.
Practices of External Control: Is There a North-South Divide?
Authors: Infantino Federica 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the making of the European Union, external border and migration control are key concerns. While uniform legal frameworks have been designed to regulate those policy areas, their implementation is within the remit of Member States. How do national practices translate EU policy on paper? What are the determinants of cross-national differences in policy practice? Do practices of external control support the thesis of a North-South divide within the EU? To reply to those questions, this chapter focuses on the ways in which one European instrument of external control -the Schengen visa policy- is put into action. I use the case of Italy, a southern European country and one of the countries that issues the highest numbers of Schengen visas, to shed light on how and why day-to-day implementation practices challenge national paths as well as the thesis of a divide between Northern and Southern European countries. The analysis focuses on the entanglements of logics on paper, policy narratives and organizational practices while looking at continuities and novelties. It puts forward that the logics and practices governing Italy’s visa policy are historically distant from the EU model, which builds on the Northern countries initiators of the Schengen process. Nevertheless, such a distance diminishes at the stage of the implementation. National boundaries of organizational action are blurred on the ground. Dynamics of policy change are triggered from below.
A “European” Externalisation Strategy? A Transnational Perspective on Aid, Border Regimes, and the EU Trust Fund for Africa in Morocco
Authors: Gazzotti Lorena , Jiménez Álvarez Mercedes G. , Espiñeira Keina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper questions the existence of a European externalisation front as a coherent and unified process. Instead, it advances a complex understanding of the political dynamics surrounding the externalisation of European borders as embedded in development cooperation and aid policies. Drawing on the concepts of transnational social field and transnational governmentality, we examine the case of the EU Trust Fund for Africa and development projects funded in Morocco in the field of migration. The implementation of development cooperation funds in Morocco stands as a case in point for understanding what externalisation means on the ground, as it shows the performance of heterogeneous cooperation strategies that resemanticise the North-South divide in the role played by European countries. Our analysis attempts to illustrate these changes by first examining Morocco’s reconfiguration in the EU’s funding allocation strategy –shifting to more or less central positions depending on punctual “migration crises”. Second, discussing the process of EU delegated cooperation and the NGO-isation of EU Member States. Thirdly, by considering the agency countries from the Global South can deploy through the migration diplomacy, shaping even the implementation of migration containment projects funded by the EU or its Member States.
Infrared finite semi-inclusive cross section in two dimensional type 0B string theory
Authors: Sen Ashoke 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
D-instanton induced S-matrix in type 0B string theory in two dimensions suffers from infrared divergences. This can be traced to the fact that these processes produce low energy rolling tachyon states that cannot be regarded as linear combination of finite number of closed string states. We compute semi-inclusive cross sections in this theory where we allow in the final state a fixed set of closed strings carrying given energies and any number of other closed string states carrying the rest of the energy. The result is infrared finite and agrees with the results in the dual matrix model, described by non-relativistic fermions moving in an inverted harmonic oscillator potential. In the matrix model the role of ‘any number of other closed string states’ is played by a fermion hole pair on opposite sides of the potential barrier.