bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment of Sexual Dimorphism by Odontometric Analysis of Permanent Maxillary and Mandibular Canines
Authors: Sireesha Gunduji , Ramaswamy P. , Saikiran Ch. , Swathi M. , Raju B. Mrudula 
Published: February 2023

Background:
In forensic identification, gender estimation is one of the most important parameters. Being the main component of the masticatory apparatus of the skull, teeth are a good source of material for the civil and medico-legal purpose. Gender estimation using dental features is mainly based on the comparison of tooth dimensions.

Aim:
This study aims at investigating and analyzing the presence of sexual dimorphism in maxillary and mandibular canine using crown dimensions.

Settings and Design:
The study sample consisted of a total of 204 subjects. The greatest mesiodistal (MD), labiolingual (LL) diameter, and crown height (CH) of the maxillary and mandibular canines were recorded clinically on the subjects with the help of a Digital Vernier Caliper and tight divider.

Statistical Analysis:
The data sample was computed using SPSS statistical program, version 21. Discriminant analysis was used to find the dimorphism in canine measurements between males and females.

Results:
This study revealed that males showed greater mean CH and mesiodistal dimensions for mandibular canine teeth in comparison to females. Out of the four canines, the mesiodistal dimensions of right maxillary and mandibular canines and CH of maxillary left and mandibular right canines were significantly different in males compared to those in females. According to the study, the right mandibular canine and left maxillary canine show highly consistent results for sexual dimorphism.

Conclusion:
The findings support the usefulness of odontometric analysis of the canine teeth in gender estimation. Therefore, it can be used as an adjunct along with other procedures for gender estimation.
Asymptomatic Shedding of Herpes Simplex Virus in Oral Cavity
Authors: Kulkarni Abhay , Wadne Shruti , Birangane Rajendra , Chaudhari Rohan , Kole Nitin , Sankpal Supriya 
Published: February 2023

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a significant human pathogen. Dental surgeons and Dental Hygienists come across many patients which are not having clinical symptoms but are the carriers of the disease. The person working in the oral cavity is at high risk for getting infected and also the risk of cross-infection in the general population.

Aim:
In this study, we determine the prevalence of HSV qualitatively and quantitatively in the oral cavity in apparently asymptomatic patients.

Study Setting:
Institutional and PCR testing Labs.

Methods & Materials:
The study analyzed saliva samples derived from 220 individuals which were collected with sterile swabs. The traditional PCR method was done for qualitative analysis and real-time PCR for the quantitative analysis.

Results:
The results of qualitative analysis showed that HSV-2 was more commonly shed than HSV-1 in the oral cavity, while the infected persons showed more genomic copy numbers.

Conclusion:
The presence of asymptomatic shedding of HSV-2 may be an indicator of future immunosuppression which should be followed up.
Estimation and Correlation of Serum and Salivary C-Reactive Protein in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders
Authors: Uppal Mansimranjit Kaur , Iyengar Asha R , Subash BV , Patil Seema , Sharma Manisha Lakhanpal , Thakar Sahil 
Published: February 2023

Background:
A large proportion of oral cancers arise from oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Very few studies have assessed serum and salivary C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in OPMDs warranting further research. Furthermore, no study has evaluated the correlation of serum and salivary CRP in OPMDs to the best of our knowledge.

Objectives:
The study aimed to compare serum and salivary CRP levels between subjects with OPMDs and controls along with their correlation.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 60 subjects with 30 subjects each in the study (Group 1) and control group (Group 2) were included. Group 1 was further categorized into group 1a, 1b, and 1c comprising 10 subjects each of Leukoplakia, Oral lichen planus (OLP), and Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Group 2 comprised of 30 age and gender-matched controls.

Results:
Higher mean serum and salivary CRP levels were found in subjects of Group 1 (5.91 ± 3.11 mg/L and 1.00 ± 0.45 mg/L, respectively) as compared to group 2 (2.18 ± 0.66 mg/L and 0.48 ± 0.33 mg/L) with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between serum and salivary CRP levels values in both group 1 (P < 0.001) and group 2.

Conclusion:
Higher serum and salivary CRP levels in OPMD subjects in comparison with controls indicate its role as a potential biomarker in the early detection of oral cancer. A positive correlation between the two potentiates the use of saliva as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for detection of CRP.
Knowledge Regarding Breast Cancer and Breast Self-examination amongst Urban Females of North India
Authors: Bansal Priya , Chaudhary Anurag , Girdhar Sangeeta , Jain Tiber , Sharma Sarit , Satija Mahesh , Gupta Vikram Kumar , Sharma Pranjl , Singh Surinder Pal 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
In this era of epidemiological transition where noncommunicable diseases are on a significant rise, cancer is a major public health problem globally. Out of all cancers, breast cancer is the most common female cancer worldwide.

Aim:
To determine the knowledge of breast cancer and its risk factors and breast self-examination (BSE) practice amongst urban women of North India.

Patients and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out amongst 370 women aged between 20 and 60 years of age using pretested self-administered questionnaire. The collected information was entered into Microsoft Excel sheet and analysed using SPSS.

Results:
Mean age of the study participants was 40.3 ± 12.1 years and majority of the study participants (87%) were married. It was seen that the proportion of women who were aware increased as their literacy status increased, and this was statistically significant (P = 0.00). About 18.4% of the participants were aware regarding BSE. The most mentioned reason for not practicing BSE amongst those who were aware was that they considered themselves healthy (63.2%).

Conclusions:
In the current study, half of the women were aware of breast cancer and few were aware of BSE and very few were practicing BSE. It was seen that women with a higher level of education had better knowledge regarding breast cancer than women with low educational status. For the prevention of breast cancer, women are the most important stakeholder. There is a need to sensitise women regarding risk factors of breast cancer and preventive practices like BSE.
Incidence and clinical characteristics of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Oman
Authors: Al Lawati Tawfiq Taki , Al Rawahi Yusriya , Al Bahlani Al Qasim , Al Jamei Adawiya , Ramatalla Dafalla , Saadah Omar I. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) has been documented all over the world, and there is now a large body of clinical, pathological, and treatment knowledge and protocols in place in many countries. There is currently limited knowledge on the prevalence and pathology of PIBD in Omani population. The aim of this study is to report the incidence and clinical features of PIBD in Oman.

Methods:
This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study carried out on all children <13 years of age between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2021.

Results:
Fifty-one children were identified, 22 males (43.1%) and 29 females (56.9%), who were mostly from the Muscat region of Oman. The median incidence in the country was 0.57 (confidence interval [CI]: 0.31–0.64) per 105 children for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), 0.18 (CI: 0.07–0.38) per 105 children for ulcerative colitis (UC), and 0.19 (CI: 0.12–0.33) per 105 children for Crohn’s disease (CD). There was a significant increase in the incidence of all PIBD types after the year 2015. Bloody diarrhea was the most common symptom, followed by abdominal pain. Perianal disease affected nine children (40.9%) with CD.

Conclusion:
The incidence of PIBD in Oman is lower than in some neighboring Gulf countries but similar to that of Saudi Arabia. An alarming upward trend was noted from the year 2015. Large-scale population-based studies are required to investigate the possible causes of this increasing incidence.
A New Enhanced Trilateral Security Partnership between Australia, the United Kingdom, and the USA (AUKUS): Reasons for Creation, Consequences for International Security
Authors: Poshedin O. 
Published: February 2023

The article examines the reasons for creating a new trilateral security partnership between Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States (AUKUS) and predicts the impact of AUKUS on international security. The strategic political and defense documents of the AUKUS states regarding their policies in the Indo-Pacific region are analyzed. China’s policy in the Asia-Pacific region is also analyzed.
It has been established that the Indo-Pacific region plays an important role both for the AUKUS states and for the whole world. During the remarks on the creation of AUKUS, the leaders of the states of the new trilateral partnership did not mention China, emphasizing the need to maintain security and stability in the Indo-Pacific region. However, the reason for creating AUKUS is the aggressive policy of the People’s Republic of China in the region, which ranges from economic coercion to direct threats to use force against Taiwan. The main areas of cooperation identified by AUKUS will enhance the defense capabilities of each of the three states. A key project of AUKUS – to deliver a nuclear-powered submarine fleet for Australia is an important tool for deterring China and maintaining a balance of power in the Indo-Pacific region.
The article predicts that the creation of AUKUS will have a positive impact on security in the Indo-Pacific region and international security in general. This partnership will not create geopolitical tension and will not lead to an arms race in the region. China, even before the creation of AUKUS, carried out the militarization of the Indo-Pacific region and rejected the involvement of international organizations in resolving disputes with neighboring states, interpreting all disputes in its favor. Will not undermine the creation of AUKUS and the unity of NATO due to the cancellation by Australia of the contract with France for the construction of diesel submarines. The financial dispute with French submarine maker has been settled, and defense cooperation between the two states is being strengthened.
DEVELOPING AN E-GOVERNANCE MODEL FOR CITIZEN CENTRIC ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Singh Aman 
Published: February 2023

The term e-governance is frequently used in the discussions in seminars, conferences, leadership summits, print and social media. The use of information communication technology has transformed the world and the governance. every nation is extensively relying on the technology to establish a Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive and Transparent (SMART) public administration system in the country. The interaction between the government, citizens and business community depends on the use of modern technology for exchange of thoughts and ideas. The journey from web 1.o to 5.o has transformed the society and revamped the public administration system of every country. Use of technology has created opportunity for start-up companies to work in various sectors ranging from agriculture to delivery of public services. e-governance has helped in curbing corruption and time-consuming official rules and procedures. This paper explores the meaning, challenges of e governance. the paper highlights the meaning of citizen centric administration, how can e-governance be used in public delivery of services, focusses on citizen centric approach to policy making and delivery of public services.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Menstrual Hygiene Management among Orphan and Vulnerable Adolescents in Lagos State
Authors: Jimin Sontyo , Felix Iwuala , Faith Lannap , Olufemi Oke , Olugbenga Ayeni , Kumolu Grace , Osinowo Olakunle 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: During adolescence, young people develop their adult identity, and move toward physical and psychological maturity. Puberty, marked by the onset of menarche, is recognized as an important stage, marking the transition from girlhood to womanhood. From this stage until menopause, reproductive health and basic menstrual hygiene practices are important aspects in their lives. The study examined the knowledge, attitude, and practices of menstrual hygiene management among orphan and vulnerable adolescents in Lagos State.
Methodology: the study was cross sectional and used quantitative research methods. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data from the female adolescent students aged 8-17 years. A total of 434 orphan and vulnerable female adolescents enrolled in the Integrated Child Health and Social Services Award (ICHSSA 2) project funded by USAID in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study was conducted across the 11 local government areas where the ICHSSA 2 project is being implemented. Adolescents were scored for their level of knowledge, attitude, and practices of menstrual hygiene management.
Findings: the study found that the mean age at menarche is 12 years. Knowledge and menstruation about menstruation is appreciable. About 92% of the participants had knowledge about menstruation before experiencing it, Majority of the adolescent receive information on MHM first from their mother (62.7%) and 88.5% of the participants use sanitary pads using 3-4 pads per day. 94.5% of the participants have good Practices (WASH) of Menstrual Hygiene Management. Access to sanitary pads is challenging.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Most of the orphans and vulnerable adolescent girls had good knowledge and practices of menstrual hygiene management. This demonstrates a need to design acceptable awareness creation and advocacy programs to improve the knowledge and promote safe hygiene practices of adolescent girls, in line with the SCT and KAP theory. Provision of MHM materials in schools and the inclusion of menstrual hygiene management into the school curriculum to achieve a near total coverage of safe hygiene practices among adolescent girls should also be prioritized as a matter of policy.
Durvalumab (Imfinzi)
Authors: CADTH  
Published: February 2023

CADTH recommends that Imfinzi should be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancer (BTC) if certain conditions are met.
Imfinzi in combination with gemcitabine plus platinum-based chemotherapy should only be covered to treat patients with locally advanced or metastatic BTC who have not received prior treatment. Patients receiving Imfinzi should be in relatively good health (i.e., have a good performance status, as determined by a specialist).
Imfinzi should only be reimbursed when it is used in combination with gemcitabine and platinum-based chemotherapy, if prescribed by specialists with experience in managing BTC, and if the cost of Imfinzi is reduced. Imfinzi should not be reimbursed if it is used to treat patients with Ampulla of Vater (AoV) cancer.
Microphysics of liquid water in sub-10 nm ultrafine aerosol particles
Authors: Li Xiaohan , Bourg Ian C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Ultrafine aerosol particles with sizes smaller than 50 nm have been shown in recent studies to serve as a large source of cloud condensation nuclei that can promote additional cloud droplet formation under supersaturation conditions. Knowledge of the microphysics of liquid water in these droplets remains limited, particularly in the sub-10 nm particle size range, due to experimental and theoretical challenges associated with the complexity of aerosol components and the small length scales of interest (e.g., difficulty of precisely sampling the liquid–air interface, questionable validity of mean-field theoretical representations). Here, we carried out molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of aerosol particles with diameters between 1 and 10 nm and characterized atomistic-level structure and water dynamics in well-mixed and phase-separated systems with different particle sizes, NaCl salinities, and pimelic acid (PML) organic surface loadings as a function of distance from the time-averaged Gibbs dividing interface or instantaneous water–air interface. We define a sphericity factor (ϕ) that can shed light on the phase-mixing state of nanodroplets, and we reveal an unexpected dependence of mixing state on droplet size. Our results also evidence an ion concentration enhancement in ultrafine aerosols, which should modulate salt nucleation kinetics in sub-10 nm droplets, and provide detailed characterization of the influence of droplet size on surface tension and on water self-diffusivity near the interface. Analysis of water evaporation free energy and water activity demonstrates the validity of the Kelvin equation and Köhler theory at droplet sizes larger than 4 nm under moderate salinities and organic loadings and the need for further extension to account for ion concentration enhancement in sub-10 nm aerosols, droplet-size-dependent phase separation effects, and a sharp decrease in the cohesiveness of liquid water in sub-4 nm droplets. Finally, we show that an idealized fractional surface coating factor (fs) can be used to categorize and reconcile water accommodation coefficients (α*) observed in MD simulations and experimental results in the presence of organic coatings, and we resolve the droplet size dependence of α*.
Climate changes during the Late Glacial in southern Europe: new insights based on pollen and brGDGTs of Lake Matese in Italy
Authors: Robles Mary , Peyron Odile , Ménot Guillemette , Brugiapaglia Elisabetta , Wulf Sabine , Appelt Oona , Blache Marion , Vannière Boris , Dugerdil Lucas , Paura Bruno , Ansanay-Alex Salomé , Cromartie Amy , Charlet Laurent , Guédron Stephane , de Beaulieu Jacques-Louis , Joannin Sébastien 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The Late Glacial (14 700–11 700 cal BP) is a key climate period marked by rapid but contrasted changes in the Northern Hemisphere. Indeed, regional climate differences have been evidenced during the Late Glacial in Europe and the northern Mediterranean. However, past climate patterns are still debated since temperature and precipitation changes are poorly investigated towards the lower European latitudes. Lake Matese in southern Italy is a key site in the central Mediterranean to investigate climate patterns during the Late Glacial. This study aims to reconstruct climate changes and their impacts at Matese using a multi-proxy approach including magnetic susceptibility, geochemistry (XRF core scanning), pollen data and molecular biomarkers like branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs). Paleotemperatures and paleo-precipitation patterns are quantitatively inferred from pollen assemblages (multi-method approach: modern analogue technique, weighted averaging partial least-squares regression, random forest and boosted regression trees) and brGDGT calibrations. The results are compared to a latitudinal selection of regional climate reconstructions in Italy to better understand climate processes in Europe and in the circum-Mediterranean region. A warm Bølling–Allerød and a marked cold Younger Dryas are revealed in all climate reconstructions inferred from various proxies (chironomids, ostracods, speleothems, pollen, brGDGTs), showing no latitudinal differences in terms of temperatures across Italy. During the Bølling–Allerød, no significant changes in terms of precipitation are recorded; however, a contrasted pattern is visible during the Younger Dryas. Slightly wetter conditions are recorded south of 42∘ N, whereas dry conditions are recorded north of 42∘ N. During the Younger Dryas, cold conditions can be attributed to the southward position of North Atlantic sea ice and of the polar frontal jet stream, whereas the increase in precipitation in southern Italy seems to be linked to relocation of Atlantic storm tracks into the Mediterranean, induced by the Fennoscandian ice sheet and the North European Plain. By contrast, warm conditions during the Bølling–Allerød can be linked to the northward position of North Atlantic sea ice and of the polar frontal jet stream.
Mammals in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone's Red Forest: a motion-activated camera trap study
Authors: Beresford Nicholas A. , Gashchak Sergii , Wood Michael D. , Barnett Catherine L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Since the accident at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant in 1986, there have
been few studies published on medium and large mammals inhabiting the area from
which the human population was removed (now referred to as the Chornobyl
Exclusion Zone, CEZ). The dataset presented in this paper describes a motion-activated camera trap study (n=21 cameras) conducted from September 2016 to September 2017 in the Red Forest located within the Chornobyl Exclusion
Zone. The Red Forest, which is likely the most anthropogenically
contaminated radioactive terrestrial ecosystem on earth, suffered a severe
wildfire in July 2016. The motion-activated trap cameras were therefore in
place as the Red Forest recovered from the wildfire. A total of 45 859 images
were captured, and of these 19 391 contained identifiable species or organism
types (e.g. insects). A total of 14 mammal species were positively
identified together with 23 species of birds (though birds were not a focus
of the study). Weighted absorbed radiation dose rates were estimated for mammals
across the different camera trap locations; the number of species observed
did not vary with estimated dose rate. We also observed no relationship
between estimated weighted absorbed radiation dose rates and the number of
triggering events for the four main species observed during the study (brown
hare, Eurasian elk, red deer, roe deer). The data presented will be of value to those studying wildlife within the
CEZ from the perspectives of the potential effects of radiation on
wildlife and also rewilding in this large, abandoned area. They may also
have value in any future studies investigating the impacts of the recent
Russian military action in the CEZ. The data and supporting documentation are freely available from the
Environmental Information Data Centre (EIDC) under the terms and conditions
of a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license: https://doi.org/10.5285/bf82cec2-5f8a-407c-bf74-f8689ca35e83 (Barnett et
al., 2022a).