bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early indicators of bipolar risk in preschool offspring of parents with bipolar disorder
Authors: Hafeman Danella M. , Merranko John , Joseph Heather M. , Goldstein Tina R. , Goldstein Benjamin I. , Levenson Jessica , Axelson David , Monk Kelly , Sakolsky Dara , Iyengar Satish , Birmaher Boris 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundOffspring of parents with bipolar disorder (BD‐I/II) are at increased risk to develop the disorder. Previous work indicates that bipolar spectrum disorder (BPSD) is often preceded by mood/anxiety symptoms. In school‐age offspring of parents with BD, we previously built a risk calculator to predict BPSD onset, which generates person‐level risk scores. Here, we test whether preschool symptoms predict school‐age BPSD risk.MethodsWe assessed 113 offspring of parents with BD 1–3 times during preschool years (2–5 years old) and then approximately every 2 years for a mean of 10.6 years. We used penalized (lasso) regression with linear mixed models to assess relationships between preschool mood, anxiety, and behavioral symptoms (parent‐reported) and school‐age predictors of BPSD onset (i.e., risk score, subthreshold manic symptoms, and mood lability), adjusting for demographics and parental symptomatology. Finally, we conducted survival analyses to assess associations between preschool symptoms and school‐age onset of BPSD and mood disorder.ResultsOf 113 preschool offspring, 33 developed new‐onset mood disorder, including 19 with new‐onset BPSD. Preschool irritability, sleep problems, and parental factors were lasso‐selected predictors of school‐age risk scores. After accounting for demographic and parental factors, preschool symptoms were no longer significant. Lasso regressions to predict mood lability and subthreshold manic symptoms yielded similar predictors (irritability, sleep problems, and parental affective lability), but preschool symptoms remained predictive even after adjusting for parental factors (ps < .005). Exploratory analyses indicated that preschool irritability univariately predicted new‐onset BPSD (p = .02) and mood disorder (p = .02).ConclusionsThese results provide initial prospective evidence that, as early as preschool, youth who will develop elevated risk scores, mood lability, and subthreshold manic symptoms are already showing symptomatology; these preschool symptoms also predict new‐onset BPSD. While replication of findings in larger samples is warranted, results point to the need for earlier assessment of risk and development of early interventions.
Adolescent functional network connectivity prospectively predicts adult anxiety symptoms related to perceived COVID‐19 economic adversity
Authors: Hardi Felicia A. , Goetschius Leigh G. , McLoyd Vonnie , Lopez‐Duran Nestor L. , Mitchell Colter , Hyde Luke W. , Beltz Adriene M. , Monk Christopher S. 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundStressful events, such as the COVID‐19 pandemic, are major contributors to anxiety and depression, but only a subset of individuals develop psychopathology. In a population‐based sample (N = 174) with a high representation of marginalized individuals, this study examined adolescent functional network connectivity as a marker of susceptibility to anxiety and depression in the context of adverse experiences.MethodsData‐driven network‐based subgroups were identified using an unsupervised community detection algorithm within functional neural connectivity. Neuroimaging data collected during emotion processing (age 15) were extracted from a priori regions of interest linked to anxiety and depression. Symptoms were self‐reported at ages 15, 17, and 21 (during COVID‐19). During COVID‐19, participants reported on pandemic‐related economic adversity. Differences across subgroup networks were first examined, then subgroup membership and subgroup–adversity interaction were tested to predict change in symptoms over time.ResultsTwo subgroups were identified: Subgroup A, characterized by relatively greater neural network variation (i.e., heterogeneity) and density with more connections involving the amygdala, subgenual cingulate, and ventral striatum; and the more homogenous Subgroup B, with more connections involving the insula and dorsal anterior cingulate. Accounting for initial symptoms, subgroup A individuals had greater increases in symptoms across time (β = .138, p = .042), and this result remained after adjusting for additional covariates (β = .194, p = .023). Furthermore, there was a subgroup–adversity interaction: compared with Subgroup B, Subgroup A reported greater anxiety during the pandemic in response to reported economic adversity (β = .307, p = .006), and this remained after accounting for initial symptoms and many covariates (β = .237, p = .021).ConclusionsA subgrouping algorithm identified young adults who were susceptible to adversity using their personalized functional network profiles derived from a priori brain regions. These results highlight potential prospective neural signatures involving heterogeneous emotion networks that predict individuals at the greatest risk for anxiety when experiencing adverse events.
Single‐retainer all‐ceramic resin‐bonded fixed dental prostheses: Long‐term outcomes in the esthetic zone
Authors: Kern Matthias , Gläser Rainer 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo present an update on the concept of cantilevered single‐retainer all‐ceramic resin‐bonded fixed dental prostheses (RBFDPs) first presented 25 years ago in the Journal of Esthetic Dentistry.OverviewThe initially presented case of the concept was followed clinically over 26 years and is presented along with two additional clinical long‐term cases using varying methods to obtain an esthetic and hygienic ovate pontic design. Veneered alumina and zirconia ceramic (3 mol% yttria–tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline ceramic; 3Y‐TZP) was used and bonded with a phosphate monomer containing luting resin after 50 μm alumina particle air‐abrasion at 0.25 MPa pressure. The restorations replacing incisors did not debond and soft tissues in the pontic area were maintained over 26 years.ConclusionsCantilevered single‐retainer all‐ceramic RBFDPs today made from veneered 3Y‐TZP zirconia ceramic can be considered a standard of care for the replacement of single incisors and provide an excellent esthetic outcome with a long‐term preservation of soft tissues in the pontic area.Clinical SignificanceBonding nonretentive oxides ceramics such as alumina and zirconia ceramic with phosphate monomer containing luting resins after alumina particle air‐abrasion is durable over decades. This proves that bonding to zirconia ceramic is not of any problem when adequate methods are used. Single‐retainer zirconia ceramic RBFDPs maintain soft tissues in the edentulous area of single missing incisors and often deem implants unessential for this indication.
Brassinosteroid signaling regulates phosphate starvation‐induced malate secretion in plants
Authors: Liu Tongtong , Deng Suren , Zhang Cheng , Yang Xu , Shi Lei , Xu Fangsen , Wang Sheliang , Wang Chuang 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTInorganic phosphate (Pi) is often limited in soils due to precipitation with iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al). To scavenge heterogeneously distributed phosphorus (P) resources, plants have evolved a local Pi signaling pathway that induces malate secretion to solubilize the occluded Fe‐P or Al‐P oxides. In this study, we show that Pi limitation impaired brassinosteroid signaling and downregulated BRASSINAZOLE‐RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Exogenous 2,4‐epibrassinolide treatment or constitutive activation of BZR1 (in the bzr1‐D mutant) significantly reduced primary root growth inhibition under Pi‐starvation conditions by downregulating ALUMINUM‐ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER 1 (ALMT1) expression and malate secretion. Furthermore, AtBZR1 competitively suppressed the activator effect of SENSITIVITY TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY 1 (STOP1) on ALMT1 expression and malate secretion in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and Arabidopsis. The ratio of nuclear‐localized STOP1 and BZR1 determined ALMT1 expression and malate secretion in Arabidopsis. In addition, BZR1‐inhibited malate secretion is conserved in rice (Oryza sativa). Our findings provide insight into plant mechanisms for optimizing the secretion of malate, an important carbon resource, to adapt to Pi‐deficiency stress.
Embodying dependency: Caribbean godna (tattoos) as female subordination and resistance
Authors: Kloß Sinah Theres 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA tattoo has not one but multiple meanings, depending on the person and interpretations within a sociocultural context. To demonstrate, this article focuses on tattoo marks labeled godna in Suriname and Guyana and on their related tattooing practices. Godnas can be found among senior Hindu women, and can be interpreted as marks of subordination and resistance. They inscribe and actively (re)create asymmetrical power relations and embody different dimensions of dependency. Relating to the notion of service, they reinstate women's subalternized positionalities in socioreligious relationships and recreate experiences thereof, especially regarding husbands and in‐laws, gurus, and deities. However, they may also become a means of subverting patriarchal hierarchy and challenging colonial and orthodox religious structures.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID‐19 in Egypt: A tertiary care hospital experience
Authors: Abdelaziz Tarek A , Abdulrahman Dalia A , Baz Eman G , Allam Reem M , Hamed Dina E , Elsayed Ashraf E A , Gohary Mahmoud M 
Published: December 2022

AimWe aimed to evaluate MIS‐C patients' clinical manifestations, laboratory test results and mortality outcomes in an Egyptian tertiary care university hospital.MethodsWe conducted a 12 month cross‐sectional study in a tertiary‐care university children's hospital. All paediatric patients (1 month to 16 years old) who met the CDC criteria for MIS‐C were enrolled in the study. We assessed patients' clinical presentations, complications, treatments, imaging studies, laboratory test results and outcomes. The baseline clinical and laboratory findings of survivors and non‐survivors were compared.ResultsOf 45 MIS‐C patients, 24 (53.3%) were males, and the median (interquartile range) age was 4 (1.25–10) years. All patients had fever, 64.4% had respiratory manifestations, 48.9% presented with coma, 44.4% presented with shock, 33.3% presented with seizures, 31.1% had abdominal pain, 28.9% had vomiting and 22.2% presented with cerebrovascular stroke. A total of 15 (33.3%) patients died, and the non‐survivors had a significantly higher incidence of respiratory manifestations (P = 0.028), shock (P = 0.034), cerebrovascular stroke (P = 0.043) and seizures (P = 0.044) as compared to the survivors. In addition, the serum levels of ferritin (P = 0.047), alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.047) and aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.05) were significantly higher in the non‐survivors as compared to the survivors.ConclusionsBased on our findings, MIS‐C associated with COVID‐19 is a potentially fatal illness. Hospitalised patients with MIS‐C often have multi‐organ injuries affecting the respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and neurological systems. The deceased are more likely to exhibit respiratory manifestations, shock, cerebrovascular stroke, seizures and elevated serum levels of ferritin and liver enzymes.
Ethnic/racial discrimination and academic grades among adolescents: moderation by sleep regularity
Authors: Yip Tiffany , Feng Ye , Lorenzo Kyle , El‐Sheikh Mona 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThis study investigates how sleep regularity moderates the association between ethnic/racial discrimination and academic grades among diverse adolescents. The study included a 14‐day, daily diary and actigraphy study of ninth‐grade adolescents in the United States (N = 265; mean [SD] age 15.26 [0.62] years, 41.51% Asian, 21.13% Black, 37.35% Latinx, 71.32% female) who completed measures of demographic information and ethnic/racial discrimination (Daily Life Experiences Racism and Bother subscale). Sleep data were collected for 14 consecutive days with wrist actigraphy, and sleep regularity was calculated using the Sleep Regularity Index (SRI). Academic grades were provided by the Department of Education. Discrimination frequency was associated with lower academic grades, and the SRI moderated this association. Compared to adolescents who had moderate and regular SRI profiles, adolescents with irregular SRI (i.e., lower sleep regularity) had stronger negative associations between discrimination and grades. On the other hand, for adolescents who had moderate to high sleep regularity, there was no significant association between discrimination and grades. This study underscores the importance of sleep regularity for adolescents’ academic achievement.
Intelligence predicts better cognitive performance after normal sleep but larger vulnerability to sleep deprivation
Authors: Balter Leonie J. T. , Sundelin Tina , Holding Benjamin C. , Petrovic Predrag , Axelsson John 
Published: December 2022

SummaryFluid intelligence is seen as a beneficial attribute, protecting against stress and ill‐health. Whether intelligence provides resilience to the cognitive effects of insufficient sleep was tested in the current pre‐registered experimental study. Participants (N = 182) completed the Raven's test (measuring fluid intelligence) and a normal night of sleep or a night of total sleep deprivation. Sleepiness and four cognitive tests were completed at 22:30 hours (baseline), and the following day after sleep manipulation. At baseline, higher fluid intelligence was associated with faster and more accurate arithmetic calculations, and better episodic memory, but not with spatial working memory, simple attention or sleepiness. Those with higher fluid intelligence were more, not less, impacted by sleep deprivation, evident for arithmetic ability, episodic memory and spatial working memory. We need to establish a more nuanced picture of the benefits of intelligence, where intelligence is not related to cognitive advantages in all situations.
Mixed‐Methods Approaches in Special Education Research
Authors: Love Hailey R. , Cook Bryan G. , Cook Lysandra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMixed‐methods research can uniquely inform special education practice by combining qualitative and quantitative research approaches. However, its distinct features can also make mixed‐methods research difficult to understand and apply. In this article, we provide an introduction to mixed‐methods research purposes, designs, and quality considerations to help practitioners critically consume and apply this type of research when working with students with learning disabilities and their families. We describe three sample research studies to illustrate mixed‐methods designs and contributions. Our take‐home message is that mixed‐methods research (a) requires unique research practices to meaningfully combine qualitative and quantitative research approaches in a single study and (b) can be particularly useful for informing special education practice in real‐world contexts.
Circadian rhythms and the liver
Authors: Costa Rodolfo , Mangini Chiara , Domenie Esther D. , Zarantonello Lisa , Montagnese Sara 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis narrative review briefly describes the mammalian circadian timing system, the specific features of the liver clock, also by comparison with other peripheral clocks, the role of the liver clock in the preparation of food intake, and its relationship with energy metabolism. It then goes on to provide a chronobiological perspective of the pathophysiology and management of several types of liver disease, with a particular focus on metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), decompensated cirrhosis and liver transplantation. Finally, it provides some insight into the potential contribution of circadian principles and circadian hygiene practices in preventing MAFLD, improving the prognosis of advanced liver disease and modulating liver transplantation outcomes.
Foxes and Hedgehogs in Legislatures: Why Do Some MPs Become Policy Specialists and Others Generalists?
Authors: Martínez‐Cantó Javier , Breunig Christian , Chaqués‐Bonafont Laura 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhich legislators become specialized in particular policy areas (hedgehogs), and which develop into policy generalists (foxes)? Instead of focusing on the individual characteristics of MPs, we build on institutionalist literature and argue that an MP's specialization arises from an interaction between MP and parliamentary leadership. These interactions generate demand for policy generalists depending on a leadership position, committee membership, government status, and parliamentary group size. Policy specialization is measured by how many different topics a legislator addresses in Parliament. Using data from Germany from 1998 to 2013, topic‐coded parliamentary questions are combined with MPs' personal and partisan data. Descriptively, foxes are common in Germany and dominate in Parliament. The subsequent estimation indicates that policy specialists are related to government status and parliamentary group size.
Tissemouminites: A new group of primitive achondrites spanning the transition between acapulcoites and winonaites
Authors: Stephant A. , Carli C. , Anand M. , Néri A. , Davidson J. , Pratesi G. , Cuppone T. , Greenwood R. C. , Franchi I. A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Northwest Africa (NWA) 090 meteorite, initially classified as an acapulcoite, presents petrological, chemical, and isotopic characteristics comparable to a group of seven primitive winonaites: Dhofar 1222, NWA 725, NWA 1052, NWA 1054, NWA 1058, NWA 1463, and NWA 8614. Five of these samples were previously classified as acapulcoites or ungrouped achondrites before being reclassified as winonaites based on their oxygen isotopic compositions. These misclassifications are indicative of the particular compositional nature of these primitive achondrites. All contain relict chondrules and a lower closure temperature of metamorphism of 820 ± 20 °C compared to other typical winonaites, as well as mineral elemental compositions similar to those of acapulcoites. The oxygen isotopic signature of these samples, δ17O of 1.18 ± 0.17‰, δ18O of 3.18 ± 0.30‰, and Δ17O of −0.47 ± 0.02, is in fact resolvable from both acapulcoites and winonaites. We investigate the relationship between these eight primitive achondrites, typical winonaites, and acapulcoites, to redefine petrological, mineralogical, and geochemical criteria of primitive achondrite classification. Distinguishing between winonaites, acapulcoites, and this group of eight primitive achondrites can be unambiguously done using a combination of several mineralogical and chemical criteria. A combination of olivine fayalite content and FeO/MnO ratio, as well as plagioclase potassium content allow us to separate these three groups without the absolute necessity of oxygen isotope analyses. NWA 090 as well as the other seven primitive achondrites, although related to winonaites, are most likely derived from a parent body distinct from winonaites and acapulcoites–lodranites, and define a new group of primitive achondrites that can be referred to as tissemouminites.
Rapid bacterial and fungal successional dynamics in first year after chaparral wildfire
Authors: Pulido‐Chavez M. Fabiola , Randolph James W. J. , Zalman Cassandra , Larios Loralee , Homyak Peter M. , Glassman Sydney I. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe rise in wildfire frequency and severity across the globe has increased interest in secondary succession. However, despite the role of soil microbial communities in controlling biogeochemical cycling and their role in the regeneration of post‐fire vegetation, the lack of measurements immediately post‐fire and at high temporal resolution has limited understanding of microbial secondary succession. To fill this knowledge gap, we sampled soils at 17, 25, 34, 67, 95, 131, 187, 286, and 376 days after a southern California wildfire in fire‐adapted chaparral shrublands. We assessed bacterial and fungal biomass with qPCR of 16S and 18S and richness and composition with Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S and ITS2 amplicons. Fire severely reduced bacterial biomass by 47%, bacterial richness by 46%, fungal biomass by 86%, and fungal richness by 68%. The burned bacterial and fungal communities experienced rapid succession, with 5–6 compositional turnover periods. Analogous to plants, turnover was driven by “fire‐loving” pyrophilous microbes, many of which have been previously found in forests worldwide and changed markedly in abundance over time. Fungal secondary succession was initiated by the Basidiomycete yeastGeminibasidium, which traded off against the filamentous AscomycetesPyronema,Aspergillus, andPenicillium. For bacteria, the ProteobacteriaMassiliadominated all year, but the FirmicuteBacillusand ProteobacteriaNoviherbaspirillumincreased in abundance over time. Our high‐resolution temporal sampling allowed us to capture post‐fire microbial secondary successional dynamics and suggest that putative tradeoffs in thermotolerance, colonization, and competition among dominant pyrophilous microbes control microbial succession with possible implications for ecosystem function.
Serine proteases mediate leukocyte recruitment and hepatic microvascular injury in the acute phase following extended hepatectomy
Authors: Zhang Yunjie , Huber Patrick , Praetner Marc , Zöllner Alice , Holdt Lesca , Khandoga Andrej , Lerchenberger Maximilian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivePost‐hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is the main limitation of extended liver resection. The molecular mechanism and the role of leukocytes in the development of PHLF remain to be unveiled. We aimed to address the impact of serine proteases (SPs) on the acute phase after liver resection by intravitally analyzing leukocyte recruitment and changes in hemodynamics and microcirculation of the liver.MethodsC57BL/6 mice undergoing 60% partial hepatectomy were treated with aprotinin (broad‐spectrum SP inhibitor), tranexamic acid (plasmin inhibitor), or vehicle. Sham‐operated animals served as controls. In vivo fluorescence microscopy was used to quantify leukocyte‐endothelial interactions immediately after, as well as 120 min after partial hepatectomy in postsinusoidal venules, along with measurement of sinusoidal perfusion rate and postsinusoidal shear rate. Recruitment of leukocytes, neutrophils, T cells, and parameters of liver injury were assessed in tissue/blood samples.ResultsLeukocyte recruitment, sinusoidal perfusion failure rate, and shear rate were significantly increased in mice after 60% partial hepatectomy compared to sham‐operated animals. The inhibition of SPs or plasmin significantly attenuated leukocyte recruitment and improved the perfusion rate in the remnant liver. ICAM‐1 expression and neutrophil recruitment significantly increased after 60% partial hepatectomy and were strongly reduced by plasmin inhibition.ConclusionsEndothelial activation and leukocyte recruitment in the liver in response to the increment of sinusoidal shear rate were hallmarks in the acute phase after liver resection. SPs mediated leukocyte recruitment and contributed to the impairment of sinusoidal perfusion in an ICAM‐1‐dependent manner in the acute phase after liver resection.