bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Down-regulation of peptidylarginine deiminase type 1 in reconstructed human epidermis disturbs nucleophagy in the granular layer and affects barrier function
Authors: Alioli Adebayo Candide , Briot Julie , Pons Carole , Yang Hang , Gairin Marie , Goudounèche Dominique , Cau Laura , Simon Michel , Méchin Marie-Claire 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDeimination is a post-translational modification catalyzed by a family of enzymes named peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs). PADs transform arginine residues of protein substrates into citrulline. Deimination has been associated with numerous physiological and pathological processes. In human skin, three PADs are expressed (PAD1-3). While PAD3 is important for hair shape formation, the role of PAD1 is less clear. To decipher the main role(s) of PAD1 in epidermal differentiation, its expression was down-regulated using lentivirus-mediated shRNA interference in primary keratinocytes and in three-dimensional reconstructed human epidermis (RHE). Compared to normal RHEs, down-regulation of PAD1 caused a drastic reduction in deiminated proteins. Whereas proliferation of keratinocytes was not affected, their differentiation was disturbed at molecular, cellular and functional levels. The number of corneocyte layers was significantly reduced, expression of filaggrin and cornified cell envelope components, such as loricrin and transglutaminases, was down-regulated, epidermal permeability increased and trans-epidermal-electric resistance diminished drastically. Keratohyalin granule density decreased and nucleophagy in the granular layer was disturbed. These results demonstrate that PAD1 is the main regulator of protein deimination in RHE. Its deficiency alters epidermal homeostasis, affecting the differentiation of keratinocytes, especially the cornification process, a special kind of programmed cell death.
Ferroptosis and the bidirectional regulatory factor p53
Authors: Xu Ren , Wang Wanning , Zhang Wenlong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFerroptosis is a type of regulated cell death characterized by iron-mediated lipid peroxidation, in contrast with apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis. It can be triggered by many pathological processes, including cellular metabolism, tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and ischemia–reperfusion injuries. In recent years, ferroptosis has been discovered to be associated with p53. P53 is a tumor suppressor protein with multiple and powerful functions in cell cycle arrest, senescence, cell death, repair of DNA damage, and mitophagy. Emerging evidence shows that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in tumor suppression by p53. P53 functions as a key bidirectional regulator of ferroptosis by adjusting metabolism of iron, lipids, glutathione peroxidase 4, reactive oxygen species, and amino acids via a canonical pathway. In addition, a noncanonical pathway of p53 that regulates ferroptosis has been discovered in recent years. The specific details require to be further clarified. These mechanisms provide new ideas for clinical applications, and translational studies of ferroptosis have been performed to treat various diseases.
Using mortuary and burial data to place COVID-19 in Lusaka, Zambia within a global context
Authors: Sheppard Richard J. , Watson Oliver J. , Pieciak Rachel , Lungu James , Kwenda Geoffrey , Moyo Crispin , Chanda Stephen Longa , Barnsley Gregory , Brazeau Nicholas F. , Gerard-Ursin Ines C. G. , Olivera Mesa Daniela , Whittaker Charles , Gregson Simon , Okell Lucy C. , Ghani Azra C. , MacLeod William B. , Del Fava Emanuele , Melegaro Alessia , Hines Jonas Z. , Mulenga Lloyd B. , Walker Patrick G. T. , Mwananyanda Lawrence , Gill Christopher J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractReported COVID-19 cases and associated mortality remain low in many sub-Saharan countries relative to global averages, but true impact is difficult to estimate given limitations around surveillance and mortality registration. In Lusaka, Zambia, burial registration and SARS-CoV-2 prevalence data during 2020 allow estimation of excess mortality and transmission. Relative to pre-pandemic patterns, we estimate age-dependent mortality increases, totalling 3212 excess deaths (95% CrI: 2104–4591), representing an 18.5% (95% CrI: 13.0–25.2%) increase relative to pre-pandemic levels. Using a dynamical model-based inferential framework, we find that these mortality patterns and SARS-CoV-2 prevalence data are in agreement with established COVID-19 severity estimates. Our results support hypotheses that COVID-19 impact in Lusaka during 2020 was consistent with COVID-19 epidemics elsewhere, without requiring exceptional explanations for low reported figures. For more equitable decision-making during future pandemics, barriers to ascertaining attributable mortality in low-income settings must be addressed and factored into discourse around reported impact differences.
Demonstration of quantum-digital payments
Authors: Schiansky Peter , Kalb Julia , Sztatecsny Esther , Roehsner Marie-Christine , Guggemos Tobias , Trenti Alessandro , Bozzio Mathieu , Walther Philip 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDigital payments have replaced physical banknotes in many aspects of our daily lives. Similarly to banknotes, they should be easy to use, unique, tamper-resistant and untraceable, but additionally withstand digital attackers and data breaches. Current technology substitutes customers’ sensitive data by randomized tokens, and secures the payment’s uniqueness with a cryptographic function, called a cryptogram. However, computationally powerful attacks violate the security of these functions. Quantum technology comes with the potential to protect even against infinite computational power. Here, we show how quantum light can secure daily digital payments by generating inherently unforgeable quantum cryptograms. We implement the scheme over an urban optical fiber link, and show its robustness to noise and loss-dependent attacks. Unlike previously proposed protocols, our solution does not depend on long-term quantum storage or trusted agents and authenticated channels. It is practical with near-term technology and may herald an era of quantum-enabled security.
Direct measurements of the colloidal Debye force
Authors: Lee Hyang Mi , Kim Yong Woo , Go Eun Min , Revadekar Chetan , Choi Kyu Hwan , Cho Yumi , Kwak Sang Kyu , Park Bum Jun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractColloids often behave in a manner similar to their counterparts in molecular space and are used as model systems to understand molecular behavior. Here, we study like-charged colloidal attractions between a permanent dipole on an interfacial particle and its induced dipole on a water-immersed particle caused by diffuse layer polarization. We find that the scaling behavior of the measured dipole-induced dipole (D‒I) interaction via optical laser tweezers is in good agreement with that predicted from the molecular Debye interaction. The dipole character propagates to form aggregate chains. Using coarse-grained molecular dynamic simulations, we identify the separate roles of the D‒I attraction and the van der Waals attraction on aggregate formation. The D‒I attraction should be universal in a broad range of soft matter, such as colloids, polymers, clays, and biological materials, motivating researchers to further conduct in-depth research on these materials.
Increased vaccine sensitivity of an emerging SARS-CoV-2 variant
Authors: Lewnard Joseph A. , Hong Vennis , Kim Jeniffer S. , Shaw Sally F. , Lewin Bruno , Takhar Harpreet , Lipsitch Marc , Tartof Sara Y. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHost immune responses are a key source of selective pressure driving pathogen evolution. Emergence of many SARS-CoV-2 lineages has been associated with enhancements in their ability to evade population immunity resulting from both vaccination and infection. Here we show diverging trends of escape from vaccine-derived and infection-derived immunity for the emerging XBB/XBB.1.5 Omicron lineage. Among 31,739 patients tested in ambulatory settings in Southern California from December, 2022 to February, 2023, adjusted odds of prior receipt of 2, 3, 4, and ≥5 COVID-19 vaccine doses were 10% (95% confidence interval: 1–18%), 11% (3–19%), 13% (3–21%), and 25% (15–34%) lower, respectively, among cases infected with XBB/XBB.1.5 than among cases infected with other co-circulating lineages. Similarly, prior vaccination was associated with greater point estimates of protection against progression to hospitalization among cases with XBB/XBB.1.5 than among non-XBB/XBB.1.5 cases (70% [30–87%] and 48% [7–71%], respectively, for recipients of ≥4 doses). In contrast, cases infected with XBB/XBB.1.5 had 17% (11–24%) and 40% (19–65%) higher adjusted odds of having experienced 1 and ≥2 prior documented infections, respectively, including with pre-Omicron variants. As immunity acquired from SARS-CoV-2 infection becomes increasingly widespread, fitness costs associated with enhanced vaccine sensitivity in XBB/XBB.1.5 may be offset by increased ability to evade infection-derived host responses.
Parallel and convergent genomic changes underlie independent subterranean colonization across beetles
Authors: Balart-García Pau , Aristide Leandro , Bradford Tessa M. , Beasley-Hall Perry G. , Polak Slavko , Cooper Steven J. B. , Fernández Rosa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdaptation to life in caves is often accompanied by dramatically convergent changes across distantly related taxa, epitomized by the loss or reduction of eyes and pigmentation. Nevertheless, the genomic underpinnings underlying cave-related phenotypes are largely unexplored from a macroevolutionary perspective. Here we investigate genome-wide gene evolutionary dynamics in three distantly related beetle tribes with at least six instances of independent colonization of subterranean habitats, inhabiting both aquatic and terrestrial underground systems. Our results indicate that remarkable gene repertoire changes mainly driven by gene family expansions occurred prior to underground colonization in the three tribes, suggesting that genomic exaptation may have facilitated a strict subterranean lifestyle parallelly across beetle lineages. The three tribes experienced both parallel and convergent changes in the evolutionary dynamics of their gene repertoires. These findings pave the way towards a deeper understanding of the evolution of the genomic toolkit in hypogean fauna.
A hydrate-based zero liquid discharge method for high-concentration organic wastewater: resource recovery and water reclamation
Authors: Sun Lingjie , Dong Hongsheng , Lu Yi , Zhang Lunxiang , Yang Lei , Zhao Jiafei , Song Yongchen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHigh-concentration organic wastewater has become a great challenge for wastewater treatment due to its toxicity and non-biodegradability. Traditional water treatment methods focus on removing or destroying organic pollutants rather than considering the high-concentration organic wastewater as a resource. As an ambitious sustainability goal, resource recovery from wastewater to achieve zero liquid discharge (ZLD) has attracted widespread attention. Here, a hydrate-based method is proposed to treat textile wastewater to facilitate the reuse of dyes and enhance water reclamation. The mechanism of interaction between hydrate and organic pollutants was invested. The results show that organic pollutants are rejected from the growing hydrate lattice and concentrated in the residual solution. This method can achieve a max removal efficiency of 93.6% and a water production rate of 80%. In the range of 0–2000 mg/L, the concentration of organic pollutants does not affect the removal effect and water production rate. The concentrated dye can be reused again. The proposed method exhibits potential for recovering resource and clean water from wastewater while achieving ZLD.
Precise measurements of self-absorbed rising reverse shock emission from gamma-ray burst 221009A
Authors: Bright Joe S. , Rhodes Lauren , Farah Wael , Fender Rob , van der Horst Alexander J. , Leung James K. , Williams David R. A. , Anderson Gemma E. , Atri Pikky , DeBoer David R. , Giarratana Stefano , Green David A. , Heywood Ian , Lenc Emil , Murphy Tara , Pollak Alexander W. , Premnath Pranav H. , Scott Paul F. , Sheikh Sofia Z. , Siemion Andrew , Titterington David J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe deaths of massive stars are sometimes accompanied by the launch of highly relativistic and collimated jets. If the jet is pointed towards Earth, we observe a ‘prompt’ gamma-ray burst due to internal shocks or magnetic reconnection events within the jet, followed by a long-lived broadband synchrotron afterglow as the jet interacts with the circumburst material. While there is solid observational evidence that emission from multiple shocks contributes to the afterglow signature, detailed studies of the reverse shock, which travels back into the explosion ejecta, are hampered by a lack of early-time observations, particularly in the radio band. We present rapid follow-up radio observations of the exceptionally bright gamma-ray burst GRB 221009A that reveal in detail, both temporally and in frequency space, an optically thick rising component from the reverse shock. From this, we are able to constrain the size, Lorentz factor and internal energy of the outflow while providing accurate predictions for the location of the peak frequency of the reverse shock in the first few hours after the burst. These observations challenge standard gamma-ray burst models describing reverse shock emission.
Magnetotail plasma eruptions driven by magnetic reconnection and kinetic instabilities
Authors: Palmroth Minna , Pulkkinen Tuija I. , Ganse Urs , Pfau-Kempf Yann , Koskela Tuomas , Zaitsev Ivan , Alho Markku , Cozzani Giulia , Turc Lucile , Battarbee Markus , Dubart Maxime , George Harriet , Gordeev Evgeniy , Grandin Maxime , Horaites Konstantinos , Osmane Adnane , Papadakis Konstantinos , Suni Jonas , Tarvus Vertti , Zhou Hongyang , Nakamura Rumi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRapid plasma eruptions explosively release energy within Earth’s magnetosphere, at the Sun and at other planets. At Earth, these eruptions, termed plasmoids, occur in the magnetospheric nightside and are associated with sudden brightening of the aurora. The chain of events leading to the plasmoid is one of the longest-standing unresolved questions in space physics. Two competing paradigms have been proposed to explain the course of events. The first asserts that magnetic reconnection changes the magnetic topology in the tail, severing a part of the magnetosphere as plasmoid. The second employs kinetic instabilities that first disrupt the current sheet supporting the magnetotail and launch waves that trigger the topological change to eject the plasmoid. Here we numerically simulate Earth’s magnetosphere at realistic scales using a model that captures the physics underlying both paradigms. We show that both magnetic reconnection and kinetic instabilities are required to induce a global topological reconfiguration of the magnetotail, thereby combining the seemingly contradictory paradigms. Our results help to understand how plasma eruptions may take place, guide spacecraft constellation mission design to capture these ejections in observations and lead to improved understanding of space weather by improving the predictability of the plasmoids.
Noncoding variants alter GATA2 expression in rhombomere 4 motor neurons and cause dominant hereditary congenital facial paresis
Authors: Tenney Alan P. , Di Gioia Silvio Alessandro , Webb Bryn D. , Chan Wai-Man , de Boer Elke , Garnai Sarah J. , Barry Brenda J. , Ray Tammy , Kosicki Michael , Robson Caroline D. , Zhang Zhongyang , Collins Thomas E. , Gelber Alon , Pratt Brandon M. , Fujiwara Yuko , Varshney Arushi , Lek Monkol , Warburton Peter E. , Van Ryzin Carol , Lehky Tanya J. , Zalewski Christopher , King Kelly A. , Brewer Carmen C. , Thurm Audrey , Snow Joseph , Facio Flavia M. , Narisu Narisu , Bonnycastle Lori L. , Swift Amy , Chines Peter S. , Bell Jessica L. , Mohan Suresh , Whitman Mary C. , Staffieri Sandra E. , Elder James E. , Demer Joseph L. , Torres Alcy , Rachid Elza , Al-Haddad Christiane , Boustany Rose-Mary , Mackey David A. , Brady Angela F. , Fenollar-Cortés María , Fradin Melanie , Kleefstra Tjitske , Padberg George W. , Raskin Salmo , Sato Mario Teruo , Orkin Stuart H. , Parker Stephen C. J. , Hadlock Tessa A. , Vissers Lisenka E. L. M. , van Bokhoven Hans , Jabs Ethylin Wang , Collins Francis S. , Pennacchio Len A. , Manoli Irini , Engle Elizabeth C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHereditary congenital facial paresis type 1 (HCFP1) is an autosomal dominant disorder of absent or limited facial movement that maps to chromosome 3q21-q22 and is hypothesized to result from facial branchial motor neuron (FBMN) maldevelopment. In the present study, we report that HCFP1 results from heterozygous duplications within a neuron-specific GATA2 regulatory region that includes two enhancers and one silencer, and from noncoding single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) within the silencer. Some SNVs impair binding of NR2F1 to the silencer in vitro and in vivo and attenuate in vivo enhancer reporter expression in FBMNs. Gata2 and its effector Gata3 are essential for inner-ear efferent neuron (IEE) but not FBMN development. A humanized HCFP1 mouse model extends Gata2 expression, favors the formation of IEEs over FBMNs and is rescued by conditional loss of Gata3. These findings highlight the importance of temporal gene regulation in development and of noncoding variation in rare mendelian disease.
Machine learning for ECG diagnosis and risk stratification of occlusion myocardial infarction
Authors: Al-Zaiti Salah S. , Martin-Gill Christian , Zègre-Hemsey Jessica K. , Bouzid Zeineb , Faramand Ziad , Alrawashdeh Mohammad O. , Gregg Richard E. , Helman Stephanie , Riek Nathan T. , Kraevsky-Phillips Karina , Clermont Gilles , Akcakaya Murat , Sereika Susan M. , Van Dam Peter , Smith Stephen W. , Birnbaum Yochai , Saba Samir , Sejdic Ervin , Callaway Clifton W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPatients with occlusion myocardial infarction (OMI) and no ST-elevation on presenting electrocardiogram (ECG) are increasing in numbers. These patients have a poor prognosis and would benefit from immediate reperfusion therapy, but, currently, there are no accurate tools to identify them during initial triage. Here we report, to our knowledge, the first observational cohort study to develop machine learning models for the ECG diagnosis of OMI. Using 7,313 consecutive patients from multiple clinical sites, we derived and externally validated an intelligent model that outperformed practicing clinicians and other widely used commercial interpretation systems, substantially boosting both precision and sensitivity. Our derived OMI risk score provided enhanced rule-in and rule-out accuracy relevant to routine care, and, when combined with the clinical judgment of trained emergency personnel, it helped correctly reclassify one in three patients with chest pain. ECG features driving our models were validated by clinical experts, providing plausible mechanistic links to myocardial injury.
Resistant starches from dietary pulses modulate the gut metabolome in association with microbiome in a humanized murine model of ageing
Authors: Kadyan Saurabh , Park Gwoncheol , Wang Bo , Singh Prashant , Arjmandi Bahram , Nagpal Ravinder 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that plant-based fiber-rich diets improve ageing-associated health by fostering a healthier gut microbiome and microbial metabolites. However, such effects and mechanisms of resistant starches from dietary pulses remain underexplored. Herein, we examine the prebiotic effects of dietary pulses-derived resistant starch (RS) on gut metabolome in older (60-week old) mice carrying a human microbiome. Gut metabolome and its association with microbiome are examined after 20-weeks feeding of a western-style diet (control; CTL) fortified (5% w/w) with RS from pinto beans (PTB), black-eyed-peas (BEP), lentils (LEN), chickpeas (CKP), or inulin (INU; reference control). NMR spectroscopy-based untargeted metabolomic analysis yield differential abundance linking phenotypic differences in specific metabolites among different RS groups. LEN and CKP increase butyrate, while INU promotes propionate. Conversely, bile acids and cholesterol are reduced in prebiotic groups along with suppressed choline-to-trimethylamine conversion by LEN and CKP, whereas amino acid metabolism is positively altered. Multi-omics microbiome-metabolome interactions reveal an association of beneficial metabolites with the Lactobacilli group, Bacteroides, Dubosiella, Parasutterella, and Parabacteroides, while harmful metabolites correlate with Butyricimonas, Faecalibaculum, Colidextribacter, Enterococcus, Akkermansia, Odoribacter, and Bilophila. These findings demonstrate the functional effects of pulses-derived RS on gut microbial metabolism and their beneficial physiologic responses in an aged host.
The effectiveness of optimal exercise-based strategy for patients with hip fracture: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Pan Rong-jia , Gui Si-jie , He Yu-Lian , Nian Fang , Ni Xiao-Yan , Zhou Yan-hui , Wang Man-yi , Wu Jing-jing , Zeng Gu-qing , Liang Jing-hong , Peng Dan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe implementation of exercise intervention (EI) presents a promising and economical way for patients with hip fracture. However, the optimal type of EI remains unclear. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of various EI approaches and identify the optimal intervention for improving the prognosis of patients with hip fracture. A comprehensive search of Medline (via PubMed), Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, CNKI, Wan Fang, VIP, and CBM was conducted from their earliest records to June 2022. The included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) included at least one type of exercise for patients with hip fracture. The methodological quality of these trials was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. All direct and indirect comparisons were analyzed by Stata 14.0 and OpenBUGS 3.2.3 software. The primary outcome was hip function, and the secondary outcomes were activity of daily living (ADL), walking capacity and balance ability of patients. Based on the ranking probabilities, resistance exercise (RE) was ranked as the most effective among all exercise interventions (surface under cumulative ranking curve values [SUCRA]: 94.8%, [MD]: − 11.07, [Crl]: − 15.07 to − 7.08) in improving the efficacy of patients' hip function, followed by balance exercise (BE) ([SUCRA]:81.1%, [MD]: − 8.79, [Crl]: − 13.41 to − 4.18) and muscle strength exercise ([SUCRA]:57.6%, [MD]: − 5.35, [Crl]: − 9.70 to − 0.95). For the improvement of ADL for patients with hip fracture, BE ([SUCRA]:98.4%, [MD]: − 17.38, [Crl]: − 23.77 to − 11.04) may be the best EI. The findings of this study indicate that RE and BE might be the best approach to improve prognosis for patients with hip fracture. However, further rigorous and meticulously planned RCTs are required to substantiate the conclusions drawn from this study.