bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symbiotic fungi alter plant resource allocation independent of water availability
Authors: Wall Christopher B. , Kajihara Kacie , Rodriguez Francisca E. , Vilonen Leena , Yogi Danyel , Swift Sean O. I. , Hynson Nicole A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPremiseThe ability of plants to adapt or acclimate to climate change is inherently linked to their interactions with symbiotic microbes, notably fungi. However, it is unclear whether fungal symbionts from different climates have different impacts on the outcome of plant–fungal interactions, especially under environmental stress.MethodsWe tested three provenances of fungal inoculum (originating from dry, moderate or wet environments) with one host plant genotype exposed to three soil moisture regimes (low, moderate and high). Inoculated and uninoculated plants were grown in controlled conditions for 151 days, then shoot and root biomass were weighed and fungal diversity and community composition determined via amplicon sequencing.ResultsThe source of inoculum and water regime elicited significant changes in plant resource allocation to shoots versus roots, but only specific inocula affected total plant biomass. Shoot biomass increased in the high water treatment but was negatively impacted by all inoculum treatments relative to the controls. The opposite was true for roots, where the low water treatment led to greater proportional root biomass, and plants inoculated with wet site fungi allocated significantly more resources to root growth than dry‐ or moderate‐site inoculated plants and the controls. Fungal communities of shoots and roots partitioned by inoculum source, water treatment, and the interaction of the two.ConclusionsThe provenance of fungi can significantly affect total plant biomass and resource allocation above‐ and belowground, with fungi derived from more extreme environments eliciting the strongest plant responses.
Recent Occurrence of the Critically Endangered Smalltooth Sawfish Pristis pectinata in Tamaulipas, Mexico
Authors: Carreón‐Zapiain María Teresa 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCurrently, all the extant batoids species from the family Pristidae are listed as critically endangered and their populations are decreasing. Multiple efforts have been made in Mexico to record the presence of Pristis pectinata and Pristis pristis. This is the first record of a living P. pectinata specimen in Mexico since 2016 and the most recent for the state of Tamaulipas since 1970. Interinstitutional and multidisciplinary attempts to increase research and conservation of sawfishes and their critical habitats must be reinforced.
Invariant Spatial Pattern Across Mediterranean Scrublands in the Iberian Pear (Pyrus bourgaeana)
Authors: Morera Brayan , Garrote Pedro J. , Wiegand Thorsten , Ayllón Daniel , Fedriani Jose M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe spatial distribution pattern of plant species is frequently driven by a combination of biotic and abiotic factors that jointly influence the arrival, establishment, and reproduction of plants. Comparing the spatial distribution of a target plant species in different populations represents a robust approach to identify the underlying mechanisms. We mapped all reproductive individuals of the Iberian pear (Pyrus bourgaeana) in five plots (1.39–8.57 km2) differing in the activity of seed dispersers and vertebrate herbivores in southern Iberian Peninsula. We used Thomas point process models to quantify the consistency in the spatial pattern and the level of spatial aggregation of this mammal‐dispersed tree among the five populations. We tested two hypotheses: (i) because the clumped defecation behavior of some dispersers can lead to local tree aggregation, and because denser groups of fruiting trees can limit seed dispersal by attracting frugivores to specific sites, we expected a consistent small‐scale aggregation pattern across all populations; and (ii) because ungulates reduce recruitment by preying on seeds and seedlings, we hypothesize that ungulate activity will show negative relationships with tree density and level of aggregation. Our spatial analysis revealed consistent and highly aggregated small‐scale patterns of all Iberian pear populations, with one critical scale aggregation, a low density of clusters and high variability in the number of trees per cluster. Ungulate activity and the number of trees per cluster showed a marginally significant negative correlation, suggesting that in areas with higher ungulate activity, trees tend to form less dense clusters. Although several of the underlying processes varied greatly among the five study sites, the Iberian pear showed a relatively consistent spatial pattern with just quantitative nuances throughout the entire region. This result has significant implications for the reproductive success of the species, management strategies, and ultimately the long‐term persistence of populations.
Anthropogenic Disturbance and Climate Change Impacts on the Suitable Habitat of Sphenomorphus incognitus in China
Authors: Chen Kai , Ma Li , Jiang Weijun , Wang Lijin , Wei Li , Zhang Hongji , Yang Ruhao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEstimating the impacts of anthropogenic activities and climate change on species' spatial distributions is crucial for conservation. In this study, based on 62 valid occurrence records of Sphenomorphus incognitus and 24 environmental factors (19 climate factors, 4 topographic factors, and 1 human activity factor), we utilized the biomod2 combined model platform to predict suitable habitats for S. incognitus under two current scenarios (Scenario 1: natural state; Scenario 2: human interference state) and two future climate scenarios (SSP1‐2.6 and SSP5‐8.5) in 2050s and 2090s. The mean true skill statistic (TSS) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) suggested that the ensemble model yield more precise predictions than those of individual models. Rainfall and slope were identified as the most important factors influencing S. incognitus distribution. Human disturbance has significantly reduced suitable habitat by 44.13 × 104 km2, which is a decrease in 23.95% compared to natural conditions. Spatial analysis revealed substantial fragmentation of suitable habitat due to human activities. The incorporation of anthropogenic factors into the analysis of future climate scenarios has revealed that the area of suitable habitat exhibits divergent trends. Two distinct scenarios have been identified, each of which results in a reduction in the area of the region by 29.58 × 104 km2 and an increase by 27.04 × 104 km2, respectively, by the year 2090. The primary influence persists in human activities. The centroid of suitable habitat shifted toward the southeast under SSP1‐2.6 and toward the northwest under SSP5‐8.5. Our findings highlight the significant impact of anthropogenic factors on S. incognitus habitat and emphasize the need for conservation measures. Future research should incorporate additional socioeconomic data to further investigate the effects of human disturbance on this species.
Preparation of Cellulose‐Based Planar Ag Substrates Synthesised Using Tollens' Process: Steps Towards Green SERS
Authors: Štefková Barbora , Prucek Robert , Panáček Aleš , Kvítek Libor 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTo investigate the possibilities of preparing planar surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates, several types of cellulose‐based commercially available thin‐layer‐chromatography (TLC) layers, microcrystalline cellulose, diethylaminoethyl cellulose and polyethyleneimine impregnated cellulose, were studied as supporting substrates. There is a worldwide need for making various processes, including chemical synthesis, greener. Therefore, cellulose was chosen as the base for SERS substrates for its economic and environmentally friendly characteristics. For the SERS substrates preparation, Tollens' process was used, and as reducing substances, maltose and glucose were used. All the prepared samples were able to detect 10−5 M adenine solution (using 780‐nm laser wavelength), which was chosen as the model analyte to evaluate their SERS efficiency. The highest SERS response was achieved with the sample prepared on microcrystalline cellulose using maltose as the reducing agent. This substrate was subsequently used for determination of adenine limit of detection, with the value of LOD = 10−7 M. Calculated analytical enhancements factor reached up to 108. Moreover, TLC layers represent a semi‐flexible substrate, which can be beneficial for many future applications.
Inspection Game With Imperfect Detection Technology
Authors: Boone J. Haden , Dahan Mathieu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this article, we investigate a generalized two‐player inspection game between an attacker and a defender who allocates multiple resources across a critical system. Specifically, the attacker targets components of the system while the defender coordinates multiple inspection units to monitor disjoint subsets of components and detect attacks. However, detection is assumed to be imperfect and depends on inspected locations as well as targeted components. This feature permits to model of detection efficacy as a function of the detection technology employed, the system's physical properties, and external environmental factors. The defender (respectively, attacker) aims to minimize (respectively, maximize) the expected number of attacks on the system that remain undetected. We solve this large‐scale zero‐sum game by analytically characterizing the marginal inspection and attack probabilities in equilibrium. Our analysis provides novel insights into the players' behaviors and the criticality of system components, revealing a complex dependence on players' resources and the distribution of detection probabilities across monitoring sets. Using a benchmark water pipeline network, we demonstrate how the proposed solutions can be leveraged to provide recommendations for security agencies regarding the type of detectors to acquire and how to coordinate them based on the characteristics of the system to inspect.
Facile Preparation of Poly(AA‐co‐NaAMPS) Hydrogels Toward Toxic Dyes and Heavy Metals Removal via Frontal Polymerization
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Ming , Zhang Qiao , Gao Jiangang , Du Xiang‐Yun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWastewater treatment contributes to the sustainable utilization of water resources for alleviating water scarcity. The application of polymeric materials as adsorbents for eliminating hazardous substances in water has garnered extensive attention owing to their remarkable adsorption efficiency, stability, and selectivity. Herein, a facile strategy is provided to rapidly synthesize poly(acrylic acid‐co‐sodium 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methylpropanesulfonate) (poly(AA‐co‐NaAMPS)) hydrogels with exceptional adsorptive capacity via frontal polymerization (FP). The FP processes are meticulously examined in terms of initiator dosage and monomer ratio. The as‐prepared hydrogels demonstrate pH‐responsive swelling ability and pH‐dependent adsorption capacity for various dyes and heavy metal ions. Compared with traditional batch polymerization (BP), the hydrogels prepared by FP exhibit superior swelling and adsorption abilities. Additionally, research on the adsorption mechanism for both dyes and heavy metal ions is conducted by fitting the adsorption kinetic data both with Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of hydrogels derived from Langmuir model for dyes of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RB) is, respectively, 595.3 and 3078.5 mg g−1, while for heavy metal ions of Cr3+ and Cd2+ is, respectively, 1010.8 and 1191.3 mg g−1. This research exploits an alternative approach for the rapid preparation of high‐efficiency hydrogel adsorbents toward wastewater treatment.
Heteroepitaxial (111) Diamond Quantum Sensors with Preferentially Aligned Nitrogen‐Vacancy Centers for an Electric Vehicle Battery Monitor
Authors: Kajiyama Kenichi , Haruyama Moriyoshi , Hatano Yuji , Kato Hiromitsu , Ogura Masahiko , Makino Toshiharu , Noguchi Hitoshi , Sekiguchi Takeharu , Iwasaki Takayuki , Hatano Mutsuko 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA platform for heteroepitaxial (111) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond quantum sensors with preferentially aligned nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers on a large substrate is developed, and its operation as an electric vehicle (EV) battery monitor is demonstrated. A self‐standing heteroepitaxial CVD diamond film with a (111) orientation and a thickness of 150 µm is grown on a non‐diamond substrate and subsequently separated from it. The high uniformity and crystallinity of the (111)‐oriented diamond is confirmed. A 150‐µm thick NV‐diamond layer is then deposited on the heteroepitaxial diamond. The T2 value measured by confocal microscopy is 20 µs, which corresponds to substitutional nitrogen defect concentration of 8 ppm. The nitrogen‐vacancy concentration and T2* are estimated to be 0.05 ppm and 0.05 µs by continuous wave optically detected magnetic resonance (CW‐ODMR) spectroscopy in a fiber‐top sensor configuration. In a gradiometer, where two sensors are placed on both sides of the busbar, the noise floor is 17 nT/Hz0.5 in the frequency range of 10–40 Hz without magnetic shielding. The Allan deviation of the magnetic field noise in the laboratory is below 0.3 µT, which corresponds to a busbar current of 10 mA, in the accumulation time range of 10 ms to 100 s.
Complete Set of Unitary Irreps of Discrete Heisenberg Group $$ HW_{2^{s}}$$
Authors: Floratos E. , Tsohantjis I. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Following the method of induced group representations of Wigner-Mackay, the explicit construction of all the unitary irreducible representations of the discrete finite Heisenberg-Weyl group

$$HW_{2^{s}}$$

H

W

2
s

over the discrete phase space lattice

$$\mathbb {Z}_{2^{s}}\otimes $$

Z

2
s

⊗

$$\mathbb {Z}_{2^{s}}$$

Z

2
s

is presented. We explicitly determine their characters and their fusion rules. We discuss possible physical applications for finite quantum mechanics and quantum computation.
Merging textual and numerical databases: a steppingstone for statistical analyses of illegal events
Authors: Romano Maria Francesca , Pavone Pasquale , Baldassarini Antonella , Di Vetta Giuseppe , Morgante Gaetana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper aims to define a methodological path—merging judgments and official statistical data—to organize complete, objective, and reliable data in a database, thus simplifying the analysis of illegal social phenomena. Judiciary judgments are a new data source: they deal with illegal events that describe social phenomena—even if they are only the "illegal" ones—and contain objective and reliable data and information. Judiciary judgments are also texts, so the first step is a statistical textual analysis and text mining techniques to discover information and organize it in a statistical database. The final database is obtained by integrating numerical data from other information sources. It therefore has statistical properties such as reliability, completeness and updating. Subsequent statistical analyses or modelling are then possible based on the entire set or subsets of data adequately extracted from the implemented statistical database. We present some results obtained from judgments about corruption in order to demonstrate the advantages of linking textual databases (textual analyses on judgments) and numerical databases (from ISTAT). The proposed methodology can benefit different stakeholders, such as researchers, policymakers, and other enforcement actors. It is independent of the specific software used and remains valid when applied to other illegal activities (e.g., organized crime, tax crime, and money laundering). Furthemore, the results may be even more effective if the institutional actors involved have access to judgments at all levels, thus overcoming potential privacy concerns. The methodology could also be used to support evidence-based policy in the fight against crime and illegal activities.
Effect of Temperature-Dependent Properties and Gravity on a Nonlocal Poro-Thermoelastic Medium with MDD via G-L Model
Authors: Said Samia M. , Othman Mohamed I. A. , Eldemerdash Mohamed G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
In the present study, the effect of gravity, memory dependent and temperature-dependent parameter on a nonlocal poro-thermoelastic medium were display to address this problem.

Methods
In this research, analytical expressions of the physical quantities are derived using normal mode method. Numerical outcomes provided depicted graphically upon application force.

Results
The model is demonstrated within the framework of the Green-Lindsay theory. Solutions of the physical quantities are obtained through normal mode method and depicted graphically.

Conclusions
Comparative outcomes from the graphs have been analyzed, offering an estimation of the impacts of gravity, temperature-dependent parameter, and the locality on the behavior of all the physical fields.
Fundus vascular arcades angle reflects choroidal thickness in highly myopic children and adolescents
Authors: Gong Wei , Zhang Bo , Zhou Dengji , Ling Saiguang , Yang Jinliuxing , Chen Jun , Wang Jingjing , Xu Xun , He Xiangui , Gao Wei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To identify the role of fundus vascular arcades angle (VAA) in reflecting choroidal thickness (ChT) of highly myopic children and adolescents.

Methods
Participants aged 5 to 18 yrs with high myopia (spherical equivalent, SE ≤ −5.0 D) were enrolled and followed up for one year from the Shanghai Child and Adolescent Large-scale Eye Study. The VAA in the range of one papillary diameter (PD) as well as 2PD away from the central point of optic disc was recognized and measured by artificial intelligence from fundus photographs.

Results
Finally, 277 highly myopic participants were included in the analysis. The mean VAA (1PD) was 128.38 ± 9.56°, and the mean VAA (2PD) was 110.25 ± 11.97°. For those with larger VAA, the choroidal thickness around macula (mChT) or papillary (pChT) was thicker (P for trend < 0.05). After adjusting for age and gender, thinner ChT was independently associated with smaller VAA (P < 0.001). For those with more decrease of VAA, the thinning of ChT was more remarkable (P < 0.05). In the regression analysis, more change of pChT was independently associated with more change of VAA (P < 0.01). After adjusting for other related parameters, 1°change of VAA (1PD) or VAA (2PD) accounted for 0.855 mm or 0.719 mm change of pChT.

Conclusions
Fundus VAA was closely associated with choroidal thickness in highly myopic paediatric population. It could serve as an alternative indicator of choroid thickness in the fundus screening for evaluating the risk of pathological changes of high myopia.
TLR7/8/9 agonists and low-dose cisplatin synergistically promotes tertiary lymphatic structure formation and antitumor immunity
Authors: Wu Shuting , Xiang Rong , Zhong Yiwei , Zhao Shushu , Zhang Zhiyu , Kou Zhihua , Zhang Shijie , Zhao Yi , Zu Cheng , Zhao Gan , Xiao Yanling , Ren Sulin , Gao Xiaoming , Wang Bin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In situ vaccination (ISV) triggers antitumor immune responses using the patient’s own cancer antigens, yet limited neoantigen release hampers its efficacy. Our novel combination therapy involves low-dose local cisplatin followed by ISV with a TLR7/8/9 agonist formulation (CR108), in which CR108 boosts and sustains the antitumor responses induced by the cisplatin-released neoantigens. In mouse models, the cisplatin+CR108 combination significantly outperformed cisplatin or CR108 alone in abrogating established 4T1 and B16 tumors. The synergistic antitumor effects of cisplatin and CR108 were accompanied by markedly increased tumor tertiary lymphatic structures (TLS) formation, higher levels of type I and III interferons and TNF-α in serum, augmented T and B lymphocyte infiltration, antigen-presenting cell activation, as well as reduced functionally of exhausted T cells. Single-cell sequencing analysis uncovered a potential pathway for TLS to serve as a reservoir for functional antitumor effector T cells. Furthermore, cisplatin+CR108 combo therapy, but neither cisplatin nor CR108 alone, effectively inhibited the growth of treated 4T-1 tumor in an effector T cell-dependent manner. Notably, the combo therapy also suppressed the growth of distant untreated 4T-1 tumors, demonstrating systemic antitumor effects. Moreover, combo-therapy led to full regression of 4T-1 tumors in a large percentage of mice, who became strongly resistant to secondary tumor challenge, a clear indication of antitumor immunological memory. The cisplatin+CR108 combo therapy holds promise in converting “cold” tumors into “hot” ones and eliciting robust antitumor immune responses in vivo.
Randomized experimental test of a reduced-exposure message for an e-cigarette: effects on behavioral intentions and the mediating role of risk perceptions
Authors: Shiffman Saul , Hannon Michael J , McCaffrey Stacey 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Informing adults who smoke (AWS) that completely switching to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) reduces their exposure to harmful chemicals could prompt them to switch. However, it would be problematic if such reduced-exposure messages prompted ENDS use by adults not currently using tobacco (Former Users and Never Users of tobacco). This study assessed the effect of a reduced-exposure message for JUUL ENDS, presented in a video ad, on behavioral intentions among 3485 AWS, 1756 Dual Users (of cigarettes and ENDS), 1857 Former Users and 5459 Never Users. In a randomized experiment, participants viewed an ad for JUUL with or without a reduced-exposure message. Exposure to the reduced-exposure message significantly increased AWS’ Openness to Try ENDS, while significantly decreasing it among Nonusers, resulting in a significant message × user group interaction. Responses of young adults (18–24 years) did not differ from those of older adults (30+), and message exposure did not increase Young Adult Nonusers’ Openness to Try. The message’s effect on AWS’ Openness to Try was completely mediated by its effects on AWS’ perception of the risk of ENDS use compared to smoking cigarettes. The reduced-exposure message resulted in a pattern of behavioral intentions consistent with a favorable impact on population health.