bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivation Of Farmers To Farming Rice at Rangdumulya Village, Pedes District, Karawang Regency
Authors: Khairunisa Putri , Sam’un Mohamad , Wulandari Yeni Sari 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study aims to identify rice farmers' motivation levels and evaluate the relationship between needs categories based on the ERG Theory (existence, relatedness, growth) and rice farming in Rangdumulya Village, Pedes District, Karawang Regency. Methodology: A mixed-method approach was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Respondents were selected using Slovin's formula, with 42 farmers from the Karya Sentosa Farmer Group Association as the sample. Data were analyzed using interval width tests for motivation levels and Spearman Rank analysis for the relationship between ERG needs and farming. Results: (1) Farmers' motivation is categorized as high for existence and relatedness needs and very high for growth needs; (2) No significant relationship exists between existence and relatedness needs and farming. However, growth needs sub-variables, such as educational background and self-actualization, show significant relationships with farming. Findings: Growth factors are critical in supporting farmers' motivation. Novelty: This study highlights specific links between growth needs in ERG Theory and rice farming success. Originality: Offers new perspectives on applying ERG Theory to farmer motivation. Conclusions: Growth needs significantly enhance motivation and farming success. Type of Paper: Empirical Research Paper.
Effect Of Administration Of Humic Acid On Seed Growth In Varieties Of Cabbage Chili (Capsicum Frutescens L.) At The Seedling Phase
Authors: Fatah Hibatullah Amtsalul , Widowati Widowati , Agastya I Made Indra , Syaputra Roni 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This research aims to determine cayenne pepper varieties that produce the best seed growth when applied with humic acid and biochar. Method: This research was carried out at the Malang Regency Sweetener and Fiber Crop Instrument Standard Testing Center which was carried out in June-July 2024. This research used a Randomized Block Design with six treatments and four replications including (P1) = 0 ml humic acid + 0% biochar on crv 212 variety. (P2) = 0 ml humic acid + 0% biochar in carika variety. (P3) = Humic acid 0 ml + biochar 0% in the white gatra variety. (P4) = 6 ml humic acid + 10% biochar on the crv 212 variety. (P5) = 6 ml humic acid + 10% biochar on the carika variety. (P6) = Humic acid 6 ml + 10% biochar in the white gatra variety. Results: The results of this study showed that treatment (P3) = 0 ml humic acid + 0% biochar on the white gatra variety gave the best results in terms of plant height, number of leaves, and shoot and total dry weight. Findings: This research found that the provision of humic acid and biochar can increase the pH, C-organic and N-total values ​​in the planting medium. Novelty and Originality: This research discusses the influence of humic acid and biochar on various varieties of cayenne pepper which contributes to more effective breeding techniques. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study shows that P3 treatment provides the best results, with a significant increase in plant growth parameters and plant dry weight. Type of Paper: Empirical Research Paper.
Process Dryer Rubber Content of Crumb Rubber Products is The Ideal For Exploitation on Dryer Temperature and Timer of Range
Authors: Bursamin Bursamin 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the drying factor (DF) of crumb rubber products based on dry rubber content (DRC), time, and dryer temperature. Methodology: The study employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors: temperature (80°C, 90°C, 100°C, 110°C, 120°C) and time (2, 4, 6 hours), each with 3 replications, and a control (100°C for 2 hours). Results: The results showed a significant interaction between time and dryer temperature. Temperatures of 90°C (4-6 hours), 110°C (2-4 hours), and 120°C (2-6 hours) can replace the standard 100°C for 4 hours without significant differences in DF. Finding: A temperature range of 110°C to 120°C for 4 hours prevents deviations in DRC standards. Novelty: This study identifies flexible temperature and time ranges for DF standards in crumb rubber products. Originality: It updates crumb rubber processing standards for quality optimization. Conclusions: Precise DF determination with appropriate temperature and time is crucial for crumb rubber product quality. Type of Paper: Quantitative experimental research.
Procurement And Supply of Raw Ingredients For Pelus Fish (Anguilla Marmorata) at The Aik Nelengau Typical Eating Point In South Bengkulu District
Authors: Nurram Gion Gioneri , Fariadi Herri , Nurmalia Ana 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study aims to analyze procurement, inventory levels, economic order quantity (EOQ), and factors influencing the stock of pelus fish (Anguilla marmorata) at Pondok Makan Khas Aik Nelengau, Seginim District, South Bengkulu Regency. Methodology: The research employs a quantitative descriptive method with multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Procurement is sourced from markets and subscriptions, with a volume of 20–30 kg/month and a price range of IDR 80,000–100,000/kg. The average inventory level scored 27.58 (high category). EOQ was 34.8 kg/month. Influencing factors include price (X1), raw material availability (X2), consumer preference (X3), demand for gulai (X4), and weather (X5), while distance (X6) was insignificant. Finding and Novelty: The study identifies EOQ and specific factors affecting pelus fish inventory. Originality: Offers insights into inventory management based on local raw materials. Conclusions: Optimizing pelus fish inventory management requires focusing on price, availability, and market demand. Type of Paper: Empirical Research Paper
Peran Ikatan Notaris Indonesia dalam Mengawasi Etika Profesi Terkait Promosi Digital
Authors: Sinaga Maria Arlena Oktaviana 
Published: January 2025

Notary is a professional position whose position is determined by law, so he can make authentic deeds to meet the needs of authentic written evidence in society, and this is a form of duty as an extension of the state, therefore notary is called a noble position. In carrying out his position, a notary has authority, rights and obligations as well as prohibitions, and has a Notary Position Law and a Code of Ethics as a legal umbrella that regulates behavior both inside and outside of office. One of the notary's obligations is to keep the contents of the deed confidential, and one of the notary's prohibitions is to place advertisements. These two rules are often violated by notaries either through negligence or deliberately in order to seek existence and validation, by posting publications and promotions which are often persuasive in nature to attract and expand the reach of target clients, which of course aims to increase income, even though this is clearly contrary to norms and regulations, and also has the potential to cause unhealthy competition between fellow notaries. Legal enforcement of this problem needs to receive attention and law enforcement directly from the Indonesian Notary Association Organization through structural supervisors who are obliged to enforce the code of ethics and regulations therein. Supervisors should act actively to reprimand negligent notaries or simply publish and promote them in the media. social, in order to maintain the good name of the organization, maintain the dignity of the notary profession so that the public is not skeptical and assumes that the notary profession is a profession that is solely business oriented.
Life in the Bubble: How a Nearby Supernova Left Ephemeral Footprints on the Cosmic-Ray Spectrum and Indelible Imprints on Life
Authors: Nojiri Caitlyn , Globus Noémie , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Earth sits inside a 300 pc-wide void that was carved by a series of supernova explosions that went off tens of millions of years ago, pushing away interstellar gas and creating a bubble-like structure. The 60Fe peak deposits found in the deep-sea crust have been interpreted by the imprints left by the ejecta of supernova explosions occurring about 2–3 and 5–6 Myr ago. It is likely that the 60Fe peak at about 2–3 Myr originated from a supernova occurring in the Upper Centaurus Lupus association in Scorpius Centaurus (≈140 pc) or the Tucana-Horologium association (≈70 pc), whereas the ≈5–6 Myr peak is likely attributed to the solar system's entrance into the bubble. In this Letter, we show that the supernova source responsible for synthesizing the 60Fe peak deposits ≈2–3 Myr ago can consistently explain the cosmic-ray spectrum and the large-scale anisotropy between 100 TeV and 100 PeV. The cosmic-ray knee could then potentially be attributed entirely to a single nearby “PeVatron” source. Matching the intensity and shape of the cosmic-ray spectrum allows us to place stringent constraints on the cosmic-ray energy content from the supernova as well as on the cosmic-ray diffusion coefficient. Making use of such constraints, we provide a robust estimate of the temporal variation of terrestrial ionizing cosmic radiation levels and discuss their implications in the development of early life on Earth by plausibly influencing the mutation rate and, as such, conceivably assisting in the evolution of complex organisms.
Dust-extinction-curve Variation in the Translucent Interstellar Medium Is Driven by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Growth
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Hensley Brandon S. , Green Gregory M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The first all-sky, high-resolution, 3D map of the optical extinction curve of the Milky Way revealed an unexpected steepening of the extinction curve in the moderate-density, “translucent” interstellar medium (ISM). We argue that this trend is driven by growth of the total mass of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through gas-phase accretion. We find a strong anticorrelation between the slope of the optical extinction curve—parameterized by R(V)—and maps of the PAH mass fraction (relative to the total dust mass)—parameterized by q
PAH—derived from infrared emission. The range of observed q
PAH indicates PAH growth by a factor of ∼2 between A

V
≃ 1 and 3. This implies a factor-of-2 stronger 2175 Å feature, which is sufficient to lower R(V) by the observed amount. This level of PAH growth is possible given rapid accretion timescales and the depletion of carbon in the translucent ISM. Spectral observations by JWST would provide a definitive test of this proposed explanation of R(V) variation.
Christ’s redemption and giwu: Cultural contextualisation in Pamona, Indonesia
Authors: Sunkudon Pieter G.O. , Daud Daud , Juanda Juanda , Tjandra Yewin , Paranoan Selmita 
Published: January 2025

This article examines the contextualisation of the concept of Christ’s redemption in Pamona culture in Central Sulawesi, focussing on the practice of giwu as a restorative mechanism against social and ethical transgressions. Giwu serves to restore social balance and relationship with Pue Mpalaburu, the Creator, similar to Christ’s redemption which restores human relationship with God. This research compares the similarities and differences between the two, identifying challenges and opportunities in integrating Christian teachings with giwu practices. With a faithful and global contextualisation approach, the article explores ways to translate and apply the gospel message in the local cultural context, without compromising theological integrity.Contribution: The results of this study are expected to enrich theological understanding and support the Christian mission within the Pamona community.
Emigration of South Africans to the West: Sociological and missiological implications
Authors: Magezi Christopher 
Published: January 2025

A huge number of South Africans, including Christians, are emigrating to the Western world, which is experiencing a serious regression in Christianity. Unfortunately, the contribution made by South African Christian emigrants has not been sufficiently examined; hence there is no literature on this particular topic. Given this, the objective of this article was to provide a comprehensive discussion of the contemporary emigration situation in South Africa and assess how South African emigrants can evangelise the post-Christendom West, which is, fortunately, still Christian and Christian tolerant. The article dialogued with relevant literature to accomplish the proposed objective and provide an overview of the push and pull factors of why South Africans emigrate to the United Kingdom, Australia, the United States of America, New Zealand and many other countries, all of which used to send missionaries abroad, but they are now experiencing exponential growth in atheism. Further, the article discussed the unprecedented growth of Christianity in Africa, particularly South Africa, in contrast to the opposite trends in the Western world, thus, establishing how South African Christian emigrants can contribute towards evangelising the post-Christendom West, according to the biblical notion that God advances his kingdom through migration in centripetal and centrifugal ways. Thus, although the emigration of South African Christians to the West is associated with pain and sorrow, it is not an accident, but God uses it in his scheme to accomplish his redemptive purposes and plans for the world. In this case, emigration in South Africa is viewed as a missiological opportunity.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The focus of the article is interdisciplinary, that is, it discusses the emigration phenomenon in South Africa (migration) and its contribution to the advancement of God’s Kingdom to the West (missiology). The article challenges South African Christian emigrants to the Western world to perceive their migration as an evangelical and missiological opportunity.
Prone versus prone-flexed position in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Taha Diaa-Eldin , Ibrahim Ali , Zeid Ahmed , Shokry Eslam , Abdelbaky Tarek , Nabeeh Hossam 
Published: January 2025

Background:
The aim of this study intends to assess prone and flexed prone positions for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) for safety and efficacy.

Methods:
From May 2017 to August 2022, a stratified randomized approach was carried out to randomly assign 346 PNL candidates into prone or flexed prone groups. Perioperative data, such as stone-free rate, stay length, operative time, and complication rates, were studied.

Results:
In the prone and flexed prone groups, the mean ages of 51.7 ± 12.2 and 49.4 ± 11.9 min, respectively (P = 0.1). The mean body mass indexes of 24.2 ± 13.4 and 29.9 ± 11.9, respectively (P = 0.03). The pyelocaliceal perforation occurred in 15 (8%) and 11 (6.4%) participants, respectively. In the prone and flexed prone postures, postoperative bleeding occurred in 15 (7.9%) and 9 (5.4%) patients, respectively (P = 1.0). The average percentage decrease in hemoglobin concentration was 1.29 ± 0.42 and 1.21 ± 0.32, respectively (P < 0.000). The success rates were 92 and 93.6%, respectively (P = 0.6). The average access length was 3.9 ± 1.2 and 4.8 ± 1.8 min (P = 0.08), whereas the average operation duration was 68.7 ± 37.4 and 50.4 ± 21.9 min (P = 0.04).

Conclusion:
Both the prone and prone-flexed positions are equally safe for PNL. The flexed prone position is more likely to be beneficial for obese patients. The prone-flexed position enabled a somewhat shorter average operation time. The pelvicalyceal system could be more readily reached when the prone position was flexed.
Saudi urologists’ treatment pattern for high-risk Bacillus Calmette–Guérin naïve and Bacillus Calmette–Guérin unresponsive nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Alghafees Mohammad , Chakra Mohamad Abou , Alkhayal Abdullah , Moussa Mohamad , Alkhamees Mohammad , Alsaikhan Bader , Alasker Ahmed , Alsayyari Abdulrahman , Alsaghyir Abdullah , Alkahtani Ali , O'Donnell Michael A. 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
The objective is to learn how Saudi Arabia’s urologists treat patients with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG)-unresponsive nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and their choices in management for BCG-naive patients during the BCG shortage.

Materials and Methods:
A 10-min web-based survey was sent through the King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences’ College of Medicine Clinical Affairs to urologists treating NMIBC based on the Saudi Urologic Association Database.

Results:
The questionnaire was completed by 19 urologists, most of whom (68%) were self-identified as urologic oncologists. In the 6 months before survey administration, the majority of urologists (67% of those surveyed) had treated over five NMIBC patients who had failed BCG therapy. The preferred course of treatment for these patients was a radical cystectomy, as advised by 79% of the participants. Other preferred options were intravesical chemotherapy (16%) and repeat BCG therapy (5%). Clinical trials were never chosen. Sixty percent gemcitabine (Gem), 20% mitomycin C, 10% docetaxel (Doce), and 10% sequential Gem/Doce were rated as the most preferred intravesical chemotherapy regimens used. Saudi urologists were most reluctant to utilize intravesical chemotherapy because of uncertainty about the treatment’s clinical effectiveness (oncological safety) and the absence of specific guidelines from urology societies regarding the use of these drugs. BCG shortages are still a problem in Saudi Arabia, as 79% of respondents reported shortages. Most commonly, during BCG shortages, Saudi urologists rationed BCG to patients with high-risk disease, preferring pT1and/or carcinoma in situ to Ta high grade. The minority (16%) switch to intravesical chemotherapy in these circumstances.

Conclusions:
Saudi urologists have begun employing a bladder-sparing strategy, particularly intravesical chemotherapy, for BCG-unresponsive disease. To properly select treatment for this condition, there is an urgent need to implement initiatives to open clinical trials and provide guideline-based protocols to Saudi Arabia and throughout the Arab world.
Miniperc percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus retrograde intrarenal surgery in the treatment of juxta uretero-pelvic junction upper ureteric calculi: A prospective, randomized control study
Authors: Koushik T. P. Pradhyumna , Meyyappan Vivek , Aher Nakul Baban , Sekar Hariharasudhan , Thiruvengadam Gayathri , Krishnamoorthy Sriram 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Treatment of upper ureteric calculi has always remained a challenge for urologists. Treating the juxta-UPJ stones has been even more challenging. Difficulties in access, the possibility of up migration of stones, higher chances of leaving behind residual fragments, and the need for ancillary procedures like ESWL or relook URS have been a few inherent limitations in treating such stones. Offering PCNL for smaller stones was considered an overkill by many urologists. However, with the advent of miniaturized PCNL and improvisations in RIRS techniques, more and more of such stones are tackled with ease.

Objective:
To compare the safety and efficacy of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (Miniperc PCNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in the management of juxta pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) calculi, located between 1 and 2 cm from PUJ.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective, randomized study was done on 100 patients with upper ureteric stones up to 2 cm in size and within 2 cm from PUJ. Patients with odd numbers were assigned Group A (Miniperc PCNL, n = 50) and even numbers were assigned to Group B (RIRS, n = 50).

Results:
Stone-free rates were 92% for Group A and 72% for Group B (P < 0.0174). Mean operative time was significantly shorter in Group A than Group B (53.2 min vs. 68.52 min, P < 0.001). Hospital stay was longer for Group A (47.42 h) compared to Group B (29.36 h, P < 0.001). Lasing time was more with RIRS than with PCNL (10.18 min vs. 3.24 min, P < 0.001). The complications were more in Group A than Group B, but not significant (P = 0.160). Postoperative pain and time to return to normal activities were significantly better in Group B RIRS (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Both Miniperc PCNL and RIRS are the effective treatments for upper ureteric stones. Miniperc PCNL has advantages in terms of shorter operative time, lesser lasing time, and better stone free rates. RIRS demonstrated reduced hospital stay, reduced postoperative pain, and quicker recovery. Miniperc PCNL showed a higher stone-free rate for treating upper ureteric stones up to 2 cm. RIRS is effective for treating stones up to 2 cm in upper ureter reducing the complications associated with Miniperc PCNL.
Incidence of prostate adenocarcinoma in transurethral resection of the prostate patients
Authors: Ghazwani Yahia , Alhaider Abdullah , Aldharab Rakan , Aldumiaikhi Faisal , Albogami Nasser , Alathel Abdulaziz , Alothman Ali , Abusaris Raghib , Alshahwan Mosaad , Alhamad Fahad , Aljaafri Ziyad , Alduraibi Khalid 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
This study aims to present the prevalence of incidental prostate cancer (IPCa) based on pathology reports of prostate tissue chips following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), as well as to assess cancer’s stage, associated risk factors, and treatment modalities upon diagnosis.

Methods:
This cross-sectional retrospective study included patients who underwent TURP between 2015 and 2023. Patients with a preexisting PCa diagnosis were excluded, resulting in the analysis of 418 patients. Data collected encompassed basic characteristics, personal history of malignancies unrelated to IPCa, prostate volume, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. IPCa cases were identified through the pathology reports of the prostatic chips. In addition, cancer stage, Gleason score, treatment choices, and outcomes were documented for IPCa cases.

Results:
Among the 418 patients who underwent TURP, 35 were diagnosed with IPCa, yielding a prevalence rate of 8.4% (95% confidence interval: 5.7%–11.0%). Of these cases, 13 (37.1%) exhibited metastatic disease, and 4 (11.8%) resulted in patient mortality. IPCa patients were found to have significantly higher PSA levels and smaller prostate volumes. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that elevated PSA density, ischemic heart disease, and chronic kidney disease, significantly influenced the likelihood of IPCa (P < 0.05). Mann–Whitney testing revealed that patients with metastatic disease had a median Gleason score of 9, whereas those with localized disease had a median score of 7 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Our study disclosed an IPCa prevalence of 8.4%, with IPCa patients exhibiting elevated PSA levels and reduced prostate volumes, suggesting that PSA density is a valuable tool for evaluating patients with borderline PSA levels.