bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 10-Year Review of Colonoscopy at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano Nigeria
Authors: Musa Y , Abdulkadir YM , Manko M , Umar YS , Mohammed AN , Yusuf I , Borodo MM , Samaila AA 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Colonoscopy is an investigation modality used for colorectal examination; it is the most accurate technique for the diagnosis and surveillance of important colorectal diseases such as cancers (colorectal cancer) and polyps. Aims: Most studies on colonoscopy in Nigeria were conducted in southwest such as Ilorin, Ife, Ibadan, and Lagos. We therefore feel the need to get information from other regions such as northwest, the area of this study. The aim of this study was to identify the common indications as well as colonoscopic findings among patients who had colonoscopy in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano.

Methodology:
It was a 10-year retrospective descriptive study of patients who had colonoscopy between January 2008 and December 2017 at the study center. Colonoscopy register was used to extract information concerning the patient's age, gender, symptoms that necessitated the request for the procedure, and the endoscopic findings.

Results:
A total of 839 patient records were reviewed, males constituted 62.2% of the patients. The mean age ± standard deviation was 43.86 ± 18.36 years, with a range of 8–96 years. The 30–39 years constituted the modal age group, followed by 40–49 years and 50–59 years. The commonest indications for the procedure were rectal bleeding (52.4%), chronic abdominal pain (51.3%), and diarrhea (48.8%). The cecal intubation rate was 98.2% with hemorrhoids as the commonest finding (42.3%) followed by suspected inflammatory bowel disease lesions (18.1%) and suspected colorectal tumors (16.2%).

Conclusion:
The commonest reason for colonoscopy was rectal bleeding while the commonest colonoscopic finding was hemorrhoids.
Characterization of Pepsin-Soluble Collagen Extracted from Gourami (Osphronemus goramy) Scales
Authors: Tangguh HL , Prahasanti C , Ulfah N , Krismariono A 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Periodontal regeneration is the anticipated result of periodontal tissue therapy. Of the many scaffold materials utilized, collagen has been shown to possess characteristics that strongly promote the periodontal regeneration process. Gourami (Osphronemusgoramy) scales can be utilized as an alternative source of collagen due to their abundant availability, the absence of risk of zoonosis, and lack of religious strictures against their use.

Aims:
To analyze the characteristics of collagen extracted from gourami scales.

Methods and Materials:
A combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and in vitro enzymatic biodegradation analysis were employed to determine pore sizes, constituent functional groups, and the degradation rate of collagen extractedfrom gourami scales.

Results:
Collagen extracted from gourami scales demonstrated an average porosity of 13.779 μm. The FTIR test results indicated Amide A, Amide B, Amide I, Amide II, and Amide III peaks. The degradation rate of extracted collagen from gourami scales was 92.00 ± 0.8165% on the first day, 95.75 ± 1.70783% on the third day and 100% on the seventh day.

Conclusion:
The pore sizes ofcollagen extracted from gouramy scalesare suitable for use as scaffold. FTIR analysis indicated that this collagen possessed a triple helix structure. Collagen extracted from gourami scales was completely degraded within seven days when treated with 0.6 g/mL collagenase solution.
Dental Implant for Maxillary Cancellous Alveolar Bone with Expandable Transformation in Apical Part
Authors: Sozkes S 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The focus of this study is to propose a new implant design that will resemble the tooth anatomy as with three roots thus increase the primary stability in bone and open new indications to dental implant applications.

Methods:
Developed implant design and control implants were fabricated from Grade 4 type medical titanium. Three different media are selected as similar structural mechanical properties of alveolar cancellous bone quality; bovine iliac bone, bovine spinal bone, and polymer block. Implant sites were prepared with a 2-mm final drill. Then implants were inserted and all insertion torques were recorded. Starting from 5 Ncm implants were applied removal torques to test the initial stability. The sample that withstands the removal torque is marked with “+” until the torque value where the implant started to move out from the bone socket.

Results:
Different bone structures and polymer material, designed implant with apical arms have shown relatively average gains of % 38.6 in bovine spinal bone samples, % 38.2 in bovine iliac bone samples and % 46.4 gain in polymer block in retention to removal torques. In the Bovine spinal bone environment, the percentage of gain of the Implant Group developed was significantly higher than the Control Implant Group (p: 0.000; P < 0.05). In the Bovine iliac bone medium, the percentage of gain of the Implant Group developed was significantly higher than the Control Implant Group (p: 0.002; P < 0.05). In the Polymer block environment, the gain percentage of the Implant Group developed was significantly higher than the Control Implant Group (p: 0.008; P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The results of this study indicate promising positive future directions to make further researches on the material production and testings of such a new dental implant design including in vivo clinical controlled studies will be beneficial for better understanding the behavior of the developed implant design under different conditions.
Are Radiological Measurements Reliable Methods in the Postoperative Follow-up of Calcaneal Fractures?
Authors: Bulut T , Gursoy M 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Böhler's angle (BA) and the crucial angle of Gissane (CAG) are the most frequently used objective measurements for the follow-up of fixation following calcaneus fracture surgery. However, the measurements of these angles by different people can affect the results and cause conflicting interpretations of different results obtained. This has caused confusion in the literature.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and disagreement of BA and the CAG, and to interrogate the veracity of angular changes in the postoperative period of calcaneal fractures.

Methods:
In the first round, a total of 82 postoperative lateral radiographs were investigated to assess the inter-tester reliability and disagreement. Second round; all radiographs were re-evaluated by two testers 15 days after the first measurement. These values were used to assess the intra and inter-tester reliability, disagreement and false negative/positive angular change. All measurements were performed separately by a radiologist and an orthopedic surgeon.

Results:
Inter- and intra-tester reliability was found low to high in BA (ICC: 0.465 to 0.837), and moderate to very high in CAG (ICC: 0.661 to 0.926). The mean inter-tester disagreement of BA was 4.19° and 6.07°. These values were 4.76° and 7.22° for CAG. The mean intra-tester disagreement of BA was 4.09° for the orthopedic surgeon and 3.97° for the radiologist. These values were 4.96° and 4.39° for CAG respectively. The false negative angular difference was found for BA in 51 (62.2%) cases for the orthopedic surgeon and 46 (56.1%) cases for the radiologist. The mean values were -3.87° and -4.21°, respectively. For the CAG, the false positive angular difference was found in 43 (52.4%) cases for both the orthopedic surgeon and the radiologist. The mean values were +5.01° and +4.72°, respectively.

Conclusion:
These angles alone should not be considered to be of guidance in the postoperative period. If any angular change is determined on the lateral radiographs, this could arise from a disagreement or false angular change.
Do the Bioactive Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Influence the Oral Health Related Quality of Life Following Impacted Third Molar Surgery? A Randomized Comparative Study
Authors: Osagie O , Saheeb BD , Egbor EP 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
To compare the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) following impacted mandibular third molar (M3) surgery.

Patients and Methods:
A prospective, randomized study of 50 subjects was designed. Participants were divided equally into the PRP and PRF groups. The OHQoL was assessed using the OHQoL-UK instrument preoperatively and on postoperative days (PODS) 1, 3, and 7. Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and proportions. The linear mixed model analysis was used to determine the effects of PRF and PRP on overall OHQoL with respect to time, treatment, and treatment by time–point interaction. The analysis was also performed for the physical, social, and psychological domains.

Results:
Fifty subjects were analyzed. The time–point assessment of the overall OHQoL was significant within the PRP and PRF groups (P-values of 0.01 and 0.000002, respectively). The time–point analysis was also significant in both study groups at all domain levels (P < 0.05). A comparison of treatment by time–point interaction for the overall OHQoL between the study groups was insignificant (P = 0.217). Treatment by time–point interaction for OHQoL between the study groups at social and psychological domain levels was insignificant, however, at the physical domain level, PRF had a significantly better effect on OHQoL (P = 0.016).

Conclusion:
The study showed that the overall OHQoL was not significantly different between the PRP and PRF groups after M3 surgery. However, PRF had a significant influence on OHQoL at the physical domain level.
Visual Morbidities among Patients at a Geriatric Center in Southwest Nigeria and the Merits of Designated Geriatric Health Care Centers Incorporating Eye Care Services
Authors: Ogun OA , Adebusoye LA , Olowookere OO , Majekodunmi OI 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Visual morbidities increase the burden of care and negatively impact the quality of life of older people. Few empirical reports exist on the visual status of older Nigerians.

Aim:
This study describes the visual morbidities and determinants of visual impairment among persons aged 60 years and above who presented at a geriatric center in southwestern Nigeria and discusses the merits of focused geriatric care at a single location.

Materials and Methods:
Data were obtained from electronic health records and case files of 628 older patients (≥60 years) who attended the facility between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2018. Data extracted included, age, sex, married status, occupational status, visual acuity, eye diagnoses, eye medications, previous surgeries, and anthropometric measurements.

Results:
Mean age of patients was 70.1 ± 7.4 years and 378 (60.2%) were females. Two out of every three patients had more than one visual diagnosis. Significantly, glaucoma (P < 0.001) and cataract (P = 0.01) were common among men, whereas dry eye syndrome (P < 0.001) and allergic conjunctivitis (P = 0.01) were common in women. Antiglaucoma medications (55.8%) were the commonest medications used and 21.0% had previous eye surgery. Assessment of presenting visual acuity demonstrated that 28.7% of patients had moderate-severe visual impairment (MSVI) in both eyes at presentation while 10.3% were bilaterally blind. Increasing age (P < 0.001) and male sex (P = 0.01) were the factors significantly associated with blindness.

Conclusion:
MSVI and blindness were common in our setting with glaucoma and cataract being the most prevalent associated diagnosis. Information obtained should stimulate advocacy for the prompt management of preventable causes of poor vision in older Nigerians.
Clinicopathological Comparison of VHL Expression as a Prognostic Tumor Marker in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sekar H , Krishnamoorthy S , Kumaresan N , Chandrasekaran D , Ramaswamy P , Sundaram S , Raj N 
Published: August 2023

Aim:
To assess the VHL gene expression as a prognostic marker in Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) and compare it with clinicopathologic features.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective observational study was conducted in the department of Urology and Renal Transplantation in Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai from August 2016 to August 2018. Thirty patients who have undergone a radical/partial nephrectomy with biopsy proven histological diagnosis of RCC during the study period were included in the study. Data was analyzed using Statistical package for Social Sciences version 17.

Results:
A complete loss and retained VHL expression were noted in 60% and 40% of the RCC specimens. Association between smoking and VHL expression was found to be statistically significant. There was no statistical significance found between age group, sex, chief complaints, BMI. ECOG score, hypertension, family history, location of tumor, calcification, venous system or lymphnode involvement. However, rT staging, nature of lesion and cut surface, HPE type, pT staging, HPE grade, necrosis and lympho-vascular invasion were also found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Complete loss of VHL expression was noted in majority of the specimens that leads to the development of RCC. Smoking has been found to be statistically significant in tumors that retain VHL expression which may contributes to more aggressive form of tumor. Association between rT staging, nature of lesion and cut surface, HPE type, pT staging, HPE grade, necrosis and lympho-vascular invasion were also found to be statistically significant.
Factors Influencing Helicobacter Pylori Positivity in Children
Authors: Erturk EY , Karaman U , Arici YK , Top S , Yolalan G 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common bacteria all over the world. The factors influencing the acquisition and prevalence of H. pylori infection are still poorly understood.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to determine the factors that may affect H. pylori positivity in patients who presented to the pediatric clinic.

Subjects and Methods:
The study included 374 children who attended the pediatric clinic with gastrointestinal complaints. The demographic characteristics of patients were recorded, and fecal samples were examined for H. pylori positivity with a prepared kit procedure. In addition, the samples were examined under microscope for the diagnosis of parasites in stool. The Chi-square analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis. The odds ratio was calculated as an estimate of the relative risk. Results: The study found the incidence of H. pylori positivity to be 18.7%. It was observed that in all H. pylori positive patients had growth retardation. H. pylori positivity had no significant relationship with the presence of parasites in the stool (p = 0.113). The results of the Chi-square test showed that H. pylori positivity was significantly changed age groups and educational levels. Logistic regression analysis showed that “age” and “educational status” are significant predictors of H. pylori positivity (p = 0.023 and 0.017, respectively). The risk of H. pylori positivity in the 11–18 age group patients was found about two times (OR: 2.024) higher than in the 6–10 age group patients. The risk of H. pylori positivity in those with education level of “Middle school and above” were found to be twice as high (OR: 2.126) than those with a primary education level (OR: 2.126).

Conclusion:
In this study, adolescent age and middle school and above level were found to be risk factors for H. pylori. This suggests that there may be other conditions influencing H. pylori positivity. Also, since the frequency of H. pylori is high in those with growth retardation, H. pylori should be considered when evaluating children with growth retardation.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Dental Caries among Primary School Children in South-East Nigeria
Authors: Onyejaka NK , Olatosi OO , Ndukwe NA , Amobi EO , Okoye LO , Nwamba NP 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The study aimed to identify the prevalence and associated factors of dental caries in primary school children.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study of 657 primary school children from South East, Nigeria. Data on age, sex, birth rank, dental visits, oral hygiene status, and enamel defects were collected. The presence of dental caries was recorded by using the World Health Organization criteria. Mean DMFT/dmft scores were determined and SPSS version 21 was used for analysis. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were conducted and P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
The study participants were 316 (48.1%) males and 341 (51.9%) females, and their mean age was 8.41 ± 2.18 years. The prevalence of caries was 22.7% while the mean DMFT and dmft scores were 0.10 and 0.45, respectively. Bivariate analysis showed a significant association between birth rank (P = 0.04), oral hygiene status (P = 0.05), enamel defects (P < 0.001), and dental caries. Multivariate regression analysis showed that good oral hygiene (OR = 0.180, CI: 0.036-1.003, P = 0.04), fair oral hygiene (OR = 0.576, CI: 0.345-0.993, P = 0.04) and enamel defects (OR = 4.939, CI = 2.406-10.137, P < 0.001) were significant predictors of caries in this study.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of dental caries in this study was high. Oral hygiene and enamel defects were predictors of dental caries in the study population.
Is SUVmax of 18F-FDG PET/CT Predictive Factor for Malignancy in Gastrointestinal Tract?
Authors: Özaslan Ersin , Kiziltepe Melih , Addulrezzak Ümmühan , Kula Mustafa , Bozkurt Oktay , Kut Engin , Duran Ayşe O , Uçar Mahmut , Şakalar Teoman , Doğan Ender , Topaloğlu Ulaş S. , İnanç Mevlude , Özkan Metin 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Increasing use of 18F-FDG PET/CT in cancer patients, has led to more common detection of 18F-FDG uptake in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).

Aims:
The objective of this study was to assess 18F-FDG uptake in incidental and known GIT malignancy.

Methods:
A total of 6500 patients followed-up in a single and tertiary center between January 2010 and September 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Of 2850 patients assessed with 18FDG-PET/CT, known GIT malignancy and 18F-FDG uptake cases during follow-up were included in the study.

Results:
Of 658 patients with 18F-FDG uptake, 150 patients who underwent endoscopy were included in the study. Seventy-seven of these patients had known GIT malignancy and 73 had incidental 18F-FDG uptake. Among these 73 patients; 7 (9.6%) had malignancy, 20 (27,2%) adenoma and 24 (32.9%) inflammation that were confirmed. Endoscopy was normal in 22 (30.2%) patients. One hundred forty-three (95.3%) patients had focal and 7 (4.7%) had diffuse uptake. While no malignancy was detected in patients with diffuse uptake, 58.7% (84/143) of the patients with focal uptake presented malignancy. Mean the standardized uptake value (SUV) max values were found as 15.0 ± 10.6 (range, 3.8–56.5) in malignant disease, 10.2 ± 4.3 (range, 2.4-19.7) in adenoma, 7.3 ± 3.6 (range, 3.6–18.7) in inflammation, and 9.8 ± 4.2 (range, 3.8–19.9) in normal endoscopy groups (p < 0.001, rho = 0.378).

Conclusion:
Although this study demonstrated high probability of malignant disease with increased 18F-FDG uptake in the GIT, it would be a more appropriate approach to confirm all patients with 18F-FDG uptake through endoscopy as SUVmax values vary in a wide range.
Outcome and Surgical Management of Symptomatic Renal Angiomyolipoma in Ibadan, Nigeria, Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Takure AO , Okolo CA 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Renal angiomyolipoma is the commonest benign solid kidney neoplasm though rare in clinical practice. The advent of radiological imaging techniques, refinement in surgical approach and techniques and availability of mammalian target of rapamycin have improved the outcome in these cohort of patients.

Aim:
To report our experience with the surgical management of renal angiomyolipoma in the sub-Saharan Africa.

Patients and Methods:
This was a retrospective review of the records in the operating theatre book of urology division of patients who underwent radical nephrectomy over a 7-year-period (January 2013 to December 2019). The histologically confirmed renal angiomyolipoma information were retrieved from the records in the Department of Pathology. The clinical data were obtained from the patients' case files by identifying the patient with their registration number and not their names. The clinical features, investigations done, treatment offered, and the outcome of management were recorded in an SPSS version 20. The data was analyzed using statistics of central tendency and percentage.

Results:
Only 3 females with symptomatic renal angiomyolipoma were managed. This represented 4.9% of 61 patients with solid renal masses managed in the study period. The mean age was 51.2 (ranged 40-70) years. The mean tumor size was 18.9 cm. All the patients underwent radical nephrectomy. The pre- and postoperative urea and creatinine remained normal. The median follow-up period was 21 (16.5-30) months and were asymptomatic.

Conclusion:
The incidence of renal angiomyolipoma among solid renal masses is 4.9% in our environment. Open radical nephrectomy is still the preferred method of treatment with satisfactory outcome.
Efficacy of Passive Ultrasonic Activation in Removing Calcium Hydroxide from Simulated Internal Resorption Cavities at Different Root Regions
Authors: Yeter KY , Gunes B , Danaci Z 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Aims:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of passive ultrasonic activation on calcium hydroxide removal from simulated internal root resorption (IRR) cavities at different root levels.

Methods and Material:
Sixty mandibular canines were prepared and divided into 3 groups to create IRR cavities at apical, middle, coronal root levels. The cavities filled with calcium hydroxide (CH). Specimens were divided into two subgroups according to the technique used for CH removal: Passive ultrasonic activation (PUA), Classic syringe irrigation (CSI). The cavities were photographed with a stereomicroscope, and percentage of remaining CH was measured using digital image analysis software (Image J). Statistical analysis was performed with two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Duncan tests.

Results:
PUA removed significantly more CH at apical and middle levels. (p < 0.05) There was no significant difference between PUA and CSI at coronal level. (p > 0.05) In PUA group, the amount of residual CH was the highest at coronal level. (p < 0.05) In CSI group, the amount of residual CH was the highest at apical level. (p < 0.05)

Conclusions:
None of the tested technique was able to completely remove CH from the simulated IRR cavities. CH was removed better with PUA than CSI at middle and apical root levels. For both techniques, the best results were obtained at middle root level.