bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disentangling Effects of Vegetation Structure and Physiology on Land–Atmosphere Coupling
Authors: Li Wantong , Migliavacca Mirco , Miralles Diego G. , Reichstein Markus , Anderegg William R. L. , Yang Hui , Orth René 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTerrestrial vegetation is a key component of the Earth system, regulating the exchange of carbon, water, and energy between land and atmosphere. Vegetation affects soil moisture dynamics by absorbing and transpiring soil water, thus modulating land–atmosphere interactions. Moreover, changes in vegetation structure (e.g., leaf area index) and physiology (e.g., stomatal regulation), due to climate change and forest management, also influence land–atmosphere interactions. However, the relative roles of vegetation structure and physiology in modulating land–atmosphere interactions are not well understood globally. Here, we investigate the contributions of vegetation structure and physiology to the coupling between soil moisture (SM) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) while also considering the contributions of influential hydro‐meteorological variables. We focus on periods when SM is below normal in the growing season to explicitly study the regulation of vegetation on SM–VPD coupling during soil dryness. We use an explainable machine learning approach to quantify and study the sensitivity of SM–VPD coupling to vegetation variables. We find that vegetation structure and physiology exert strong control on SM–VPD coupling in cold and temperate regions in the Northern Hemisphere. Vegetation structure and physiology show similar and predominant negative sensitivity on SM–VPD coupling, with increases of vegetation dynamics leading to stronger negative SM–VPD coupling. Our analysis based on Earth system model simulations reveals that models largely reproduce the effect of vegetation physiology on SM–VPD coupling, but they misrepresent the role of vegetation structure. This way, our results guide model development and highlight that the deeper understanding of the roles of vegetation structure and physiology serves as a prerequisite to more accurate projections of future climate and ecosystems.
The PKM2 activator TEPP‐46 suppresses cellular senescence in hydrogen peroxide‐induced proximal tubular cells and kidney fibrosis in CD‐1db/db mice
Authors: Ishihara Shin‐ichiro , Kayes Md. Imrul , Makino Hirofumi , Matsuda Hiroaki , Kumagai Asako , Hayashi Yoshihiro , Ferdaus Sara Amelia , Kawakita Emi , Koya Daisuke , Kanasaki Keizo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAim/IntroductionSenescence is a key driver of age‐related kidney dysfunction, including diabetic kidney disease. Oxidative stress activates cellular senescence, induces abnormal glycolysis, and is associated with pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 2 (PKM2) dysfunction; however, the mechanisms linking PK activation to cellular senescence have not been elucidated. We hypothesized that PKM2 activation by TEPP‐46 could suppress oxidative stress‐induced renal tubular cell injury and cellular senescence.Materials and MethodsTo investigate the effects of PKM2 activation on oxidative stress‐induced cellular senescence, we conducted β‐galactosidase staining and western blot analysis on human primary renal tubular cells (pRPTECs) treated with hydrogen peroxide with or without TEPP‐46. IL‐6 levels and glycolytic flux were measured. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed via the MTS assay and caspase 3 cleavage. For in vivo experiments, we utilized CD‐1db/db mice, a fibrotic type 2 diabetes model, which exhibit kidney fibrosis. After 4 weeks of TEPP‐46 intervention, kidney fibrosis and the expression of senescence markers were analyzed.ResultsIn pRPTECs, hydrogen peroxide increased the number of β‐galactosidase‐positive cells, the expression of senescence markers (p16, p21, p53), and p38 phosphorylation; co‐incubation with TEPP‐46 suppressed these alterations. Hydrogen peroxide reduced cell viability, induced apoptosis, mesenchymal alterations, and increased lactate production and IL‐6 secretion; co‐incubation with TEPP‐46 or a p38 inhibitor mitigated these effects. In CD‐1db/db mice, TEPP‐46 intervention suppressed apoptosis, fibrosis, and tended to reduce the levels of senescence‐associated molecules in the kidney.ConclusionsPKM2 activation could be a molecular target for protection against senescence‐associated organ damage, including diabetic kidney disease.
Evaluation of Perceptual and Anthropometrical Facial Changes According to Increase in Vertical Dimension of Occlusion
Authors: Kim Seung‐Wan , Ko Kyung‐Ho , Huh Yoon‐Hyuk , Cho Lee‐Ra , Park Chan‐Jin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundFor restorative demands, increased vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) is sometimes necessary, as facial changes can be perceptible.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the perception of facial change due to increased VDO and associated soft tissue changes using 3D‐scanned facial images.MethodsForty participants with healthy dentition and no loss of VDO were recruited. The VDO was increased by 2, 4, 6 and 8 mm on a semi‐adjustable articulator after maxillomandibular impressions. Facebow transfers were taken for each participant to create a personalised device. 3D facial scans were taken with the mandibular occlusal device in place, creating facial capture files from frontal, lateral and anteroposterior views for each scanned data. Sixty evaluators were recruited to consecutively cross‐compare maximal intercuspal captures with increased VDO. To evaluate soft tissue changes with increased VDO, facial measurements, total face height, lower face height, lip width, lip height and nasolabial angle were measured thrice in 3D scan images using computer‐aided design software. Statistical analysis entailed one‐way repeated‐measures analysis of variance (α = 0.05).ResultsA 4‐mm increase in the VDO showed the highest perceptibility for facial change, varying among evaluator groups. Total face height, lower face height and nasolabial angle increased with VDO, while lip width and height decreased. Each soft tissue measurement differed significantly (p < 0.05).ConclusionFor 3D‐scanned facial changes, a 4‐mm increase in VDO was the most perceptible difference. Increased VDO affects facial changes.
Pediatric Age‐Prioritized Waitlisting Policy Potentially Disadvantages Adolescents on Dialysis Not Listed for Transplant Until Adulthood
Authors: Steggerda Justin A. , Wisel Steven A. , Puliyanda Dechu , Pizzo Helen , Garrison Jonathan , Kim Irene K. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCurrent kidney transplant (KT) policies offer advantages in waiting time and organ allocation priority to pediatric patients waitlisted before 18 years old. This study evaluates the effects of this policy for patients who are on dialysis before, but not waitlisted until after, age 18.MethodsPatients aged 11–25 years and waitlisted between 2001 and 2022 for KT were identified in the OPTN STAR data file for analysis. Cohorts were defined by age and dialysis status at time of listing: Peds if < 18 yo, young adult (YA) if ≥ 18 yo; NYOD—not yet on dialysis or OD—on dialysis at time of listing, with YA groups further segregated by age at dialysis initiation. Cumulative incidence of transplant was calculated for waitlisted patients. Graft survival was assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis and multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling. p values < 0.01 were significant.ResultsAmongst 35 764 KT registrations, candidates who initiated dialysis as pediatric patients but were not waitlisted until after turning 18 years old (YA + OD < 18) have the highest rate of nontransplantation (33.5%) and longest time on dialysis (median: 2103 days) before deceased donor (DD) KT. YA + OD < 18 patients were sixfold less likely than Peds + OD patients to undergo DDKT at 5 years after listing. YA + OD < 18 recipients had the worst post‐KT graft survival of all groups at 5 years with adjusted hazard ratio of 1.477 (95% confidence interval: 1.218–1.792) compared to Peds‐NYOD (p < 0.001).ConclusionsCurrent allocation policies significantly disadvantage candidates who initiate dialysis before, but are not listed until after age 18, and should be re‐examined to address these inequities.
Tracheostomy as a Management Option After Listing for Pediatric Cardiac Transplantation
Authors: Day Elisabeth , Cross Deborah , Crossland David , Powell Jason , Simpson Emma 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundChildren with end‐stage heart failure listed for cardiac transplantation may require mechanical ventilation and/or circulatory support whilst awaiting transplantation. A subgroup of these patients is unable to wean off mechanical ventilator support and undergo tracheostomy to enhance quality of life and allow de‐escalation of intensive care. There is limited evidence of the use of tracheostomy associated with pediatric cardiac transplantation. We describe outcomes to better inform future management of these patients.MethodsA single‐centre, retrospective study was performed, assessing all pediatric patients (< 18 years) listed for cardiac transplant from 2006 to 2017. We assessed background demographics and outcomes, including cardiac diagnosis, complications, insertion of ventricular assist device and survival. We identified patients who underwent tracheostomy after listing and compared this group with non‐tracheostomised patients.ResultsTwo hundred and eleven patients were listed for cardiac transplant, of whom 44 (21%) underwent tracheostomy after listing. The main indication for tracheostomy was failure to wean from mechanical ventilation (36%). Complications after tracheostomy included localized infection, granuloma, obstruction and hemorrhage, but were generally minor. Median time for tracheostomy decannulation was 75 days. When comparing tracheostomy versus non‐tracheostomy patients, there were no significant differences in age, weight or time to transplant. Survival was comparable between the non‐tracheostomy and tracheostomy groups at 1‐year, 97% versus 94% respectively.ConclusionThere is no evidence from our study that patients awaiting cardiac transplant who undergo tracheostomy have significant complications or reduced survival. Tracheostomy is usually a short‐term measure and should be considered in the management of children receiving prolonged ventilation around the time of cardiac transplantation.
Pattern of Infection After Pediatric Liver Transplant and Its Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Tanimura Soichiro , Chuah Soo Lin , Shimizu Seiichi , Sakamoto Seisuke , Kasahara Mureo , Nakagawa Satoshi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundLiver transplantation has improved survival rates in pediatric patients with end‐stage liver failure. However, post‐liver transplant infection remains a threat to patient recovery. This study reported the frequency and patterns of infections after liver transplantation and identified factors related to the accuracy of fever source investigation.MethodThis is a single‐center descriptive and retrospective study in the quaternary Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) in Japan. All pediatric patients who underwent liver transplantation from 2019 to 2021 were eligible. The patients were divided into two groups based on culture positivity: the positive culture group and the negative culture group.ResultsA total of 152 pediatric patients were included in the study. The median age was 11 months, and 86% of cases underwent living donor liver transplantation. Among the 152 cases, 18% showed positive bacterial culture results. The timing of positive culture varied bimodally, with 34% occurring after postoperative day 15. Among the positive cultures, 84% were bacterial, and 20% were fungal. Factors associated with positive culture were analyzed, and as a result, re‐laparotomy and a higher graft recipient weight ratio (GRWR) were identified as factors associated with infection.ConclusionsWe reported the frequency and patterns of infections in pediatric patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation and demonstrated that factors associated with positive culture were re‐laparotomy and GRWR. This study provides important clinical data for infection management after liver transplantation.
Systematic Review of Vaccine Strategies Against Tritrichomonas foetus Infection in Cattle: Insights, Challenges, and Prospects
Authors: Santos John Harvey M. , Boe‐Hansen Gry B. , Siddle Hannah V. , Nguyen Loan T. , Raza Ali , McGowan Michael , McCosker Kieren D. , Tabor Ala E. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTritrichomonas foetus is a protozoan parasite that causes bovine trichomonosis (also referred to as trichomoniasis) resulting in substantial economic loss in extensive grazing systems. The parasite colonises the reproductive tracts of both male and female cattle, being asymptomatic in males but causing early reproductive failure in infected females. This systematic review aimed to examine research manuscripts describing the development of T. foetus vaccines, the strategies employed, and the immune response associated with T. foetus infection. A systematic review was conducted using indexed sources on Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase to search for published vaccine development studies in English utilising either experimental or commercial T. foetus vaccines for bovine trichomonosis. Search terms (cattle, bull, heifer, vaccine, immune response, and Tritrichomonas foetus) were entered into the indexed sources and with no limit was set for the year of publication. Among 374 studies imported for screening, 96 were duplicates, and 255 were excluded for irrelevancy as these studies did not meet the inclusion criteria (report original data, vaccine tests in cattle, and used either commercial or experimental vaccines that incorporated antigens from T. foetus). A further five studies were excluded after full‐text review as either the publication described a different target pathogen or the full text was not in English. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were subjected to data extraction using the Covidence platform. Studies included in the systematic review reported three vaccine strategies, including subunit, cell fraction, and whole‐cell killed vaccines. This review considers the design, rationale, and results of each of the 18 studies to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge and to inform future research agendas. While whole‐cell killed vaccines are most prevalent, they have shown superior efficacy compared to subunit vaccines studied to date. One study using a purified fractions of T. foetus cell membranes as vaccine demonstrated higher efficacy and higher calving rates compared to the whole‐cell killed vaccine. All of these methods require cell culture growth of T. foetus which can be challenging compared to the production of recombinant proteins. At this stage, no T. foetus recombinant antigens have been reported. Advances in understanding the parasite's genome, pathogenesis, host–parasite interactions, and host immune responses to T. foetus will provide opportunities for the development of novel vaccine strategies for bovine trichomonosis.
Mach Number Correction of Rectangular Duct Criticals
Authors: Bartran David S. , Banyay Gregory 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The velocity dependence of acoustic cut-off frequencies in rectangular ducts is briefly summarized, followed by a comparison with reported duct criticals in a flow test involving isolated cylinders in cross-flow. The agreement with the theory illustrates the importance of addressing the Mach number effects in moderate to high velocity services.
Incidence of diabetic retinopathy and predictors among adult patients with diabetes in central and southern Ethiopia: a multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yakob Tagese , Abraham Awoke , Yakob Begidu , Menza Jaldo Mesfin 
Published: January 2025

Objectives
This study aimed to determine the incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and predictors among adult patients with diabetes in central and southern Ethiopia.

Design
A hospital-based retrospective cohort study was conducted.

Setting
The study was conducted in selected public hospitals in central and southern Ethiopia.

Participants
A total of 376 adult participants newly diagnosed with diabetes were enrolled from 2015 to 2023, and the follow-up date was from the date of enrolment to the development of events.

Outcome measures
The data were collected by reviewing their records and entered in EpiData V.4.6.0.2 and exported to STATA V.14 for analysis. Descriptive statistics of the variables were obtained. The Cox proportional hazards assumption was checked. The Cox regression model was used to determine the median time to develop DR and identify predictors of DR. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were done; variables with a value of p<0.05 and a corresponding 95% CI in the final model were used. The model of adequacy was checked.

Results
Records of a total of 376 adult patients with diabetes were reviewed with a mean baseline age (±SD) of 34.8±10 years. Of the total study participants, half (189, 50.3%) were female. A total of 376 adult patients with diabetes were followed for 45 752 person-months (PMs). Overall, the incidence rate was 11.7 per 1000 PMs of observation. Positive proteinuria (adjusted HR (AHR)=2.19; 95% CI 1.18 to 4.08), hypertension (HTN) (AHR=2.23; 95% CI 1.39 to 3.55) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (AHR=2.89; 95% CI 1.19 to 7.05) were independently significant predictors of DR.

Conclusion
The overall incidence rate of DR (type 1 and type 2) was high. Adult patients with diabetes with HTN, proteinuria and type of diabetes were independent predictors of DR. The best strategy to protect our eyesight from DR is to control high glucose level and giving due attention to high-risk individuals with diabetes. Thus, health professionals and concerned health authorities should target these factors in their efforts to prevent DR among diabetics.
Survey of metabolically essential trace metals in inland lakes and reservoirs across Canada: what constitutes a low metal system?
Authors: Molot Lewis A. , Schiff Sherry L. , Baulch Helen M. , Curry R. Allen , Depew David C. , Dove Alice , Higgins Scott N. , Kidd Karen A. , Korosi Jennifer B. , Paterson Andrew M. , Pick Frances R. , Venkiteswaran Jason J. , Walters Dan , Watson Susan B. , Zastepa Arthur 
Published: January 2025

Many proteins depend on metals for proper functioning, yet there is little information on the distribution of low metal concentrations in freshwaters nor what constitutes “low”. Eight dissolved metals were surveyed in 2017 in 39 lakes and reservoirs across Canada. RDA analysis revealed Co, Cu, Ni, and V in one group with higher concentrations on the Prairies, and Fe and Mn in a second group with higher concentrations on the Prairies and the Boreal Shield in Ontario. Zn and Mo lacked geographic patterns. Concentrations ranged several fold. Monod growth kinetic parameters were explored for their potential to infer growth limitation. Metal concentrations at or below growth thresholds ( Tm ≤ 1 nmol L−1) should severely limit growth, while concentrations between Tm and twice the half-saturation constant (2 Km) will limit growth when other nutrients are in excess. Published and inferred Tm suggest that Co, Mo, and Ni could have been low enough to occasionally limit growth in several Canadian oligotrophic lakes. There are too few published Km values to infer limitation above Tm.
Three-body forces and Efimov physics in nuclei and atoms
Authors: Endo Shimpei , Epelbaum Evgeny , Naidon Pascal , Nishida Yusuke , Sekiguchi Kimiko , Takahashi Yoshiro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This review article presents historical developments and recent advances in our understanding on the three-body forces and Efimov physics, from an interdisciplinary viewpoint encompassing nuclear physics and cold atoms. Theoretical attempts to elucidate the three-body force with the chiral effective field theory are explained, followed by an overview of experiments aimed at observing signatures of the nuclear three-body force. Some recent experimental and theoretical works in the field of cold atoms devoted to measuring and engineering three-body forces among atoms are also presented. As a phenomenon arising from the three-body effect, Efimov physics in both cold atoms and nuclear systems is reviewed.
Micro-computed tomography and laser micro-ablation on altered pyrite in lapis lazuli to enhance provenance investigation: a new methodology and its application to archaeological cases
Authors: Magalini Marta , Guidorzi Laura , Re Alessandro , Tansella Francesca , Picollo Federico , Sturari Sofia , Aprà Pietro , Herrmann Georgina , Law Randall , Lemasson Quentin , Pichon Laurent , Moignard Brice , Pacheco Claire , Lo Giudice Alessandro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This work presents an upgrade to the methodology adopted to investigate the provenance of the raw lapis lazuli material used in antiquity for carving precious artefacts. Samples from archaeological excavation contexts frequently display superficial degradation processes affecting the crystals of the mineral phases useful for provenance attribution (especially pyrite). To address this issue, an innovative workflow has been developed, centred on the application of X-ray micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) and micro-ablation treatments with a pulsed laser source prior to investigation with ion beam analysis (IBA). High-resolution μ-CT is employed to evaluate the alteration state of pyrite crystals within the entire volume of the lapis lazuli rock, and, if required, to identify the most suitable crystals on the surface for subsequent laser treatment. The micro-ablation procedure aims to create a small breach in the superficial altered layer (the irradiated areas are approximately 65 × 65 μm2), thereby exposing the preserved crystal beneath and allowing for the analysis of its trace element contents with IBA. The methodology of the workflow is presented, together with its first application to archaeological lapis lazuli material: three precious beads from the ancient Royal Cemetery of Ur (Mesopotamia, 3rd millennium BCE). The results are complemented by the application of a provenance protocol already validated that proved, for the first time using a micro-invasive analytical approach, a match between the Afghan quarry district and the raw material used to carve these beads.
Targeting ARPC1B Overcomes Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Resistance in Glioblastoma by Reversing Pro-tumorigenic Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Liu Tianqi , Sun Tao , Chen Xin , Wu Jianqi , Sun Xiaoqian , Liu Xing , Yan Haixu , Fu Qiang , Fan Zirong , Wang Xiangyu , Cheng Peng , Cheng Wen , Wu Anhua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Immunotherapy has elicited significant improvements in outcomes for patients with several tumor types. However, the immunosuppressive microenvironment in glioblastoma restricts the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). In this study, we investigated which components of the immune microenvironment contribute to ICB failure in glioblastoma to elucidate the underlying causes of immunotherapeutic resistance. Macrophages were identified as a main contributor to ICB resistance. Expression of ARPC1B, a regulatory subunit of the Arp2/3 complex, was elevated in glioblastoma and correlated with macrophage enrichment and prognosis. ARPC1B in tumor cells increased STAT1 expression and subsequent IL10 production, which induced a pro-tumorigenic macrophage state. Mechanistically, ARPC1B inhibited the ubiquitination and degradation of STAT1 by preventing the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4L from binding to STAT1 and by supporting the interaction between STAT1 and the deubiquitinase USP7. Inhibiting ARPC1B reshaped the immunosuppressive microenvironment and increased the efficacy of ICB in glioblastoma models. This study highlights the important role of ARPC1B in macrophage-mediated immunosuppression and proposes a combination treatment regimen for glioblastoma immunotherapy.