bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metformin use is associated with decreased asthma exacerbations in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Ararat Erhan , Landes Reid D. , Forno Erick , Tas Emir , Perry Tamara T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRationaleMetformin is a commonly used antidiabetes medication with suggested anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative effects. Metformin use has been associated with lower risk of asthma exacerbations and hospitalizations in adults. Here, we aimed to evaluate how asthma exacerbation rates changed after adolescents and young adults were prescribed metformin, and to learn if those changes were related to metformin prescription adherence.MethodsUsing secondary data of patients between 12 and 20 years old with asthma diagnosis and a metformin prescription from the Arkansas All Payers Claim Database and Arkansas School body mass index (BMI) database, we estimated the change in annualized asthma exacerbation rates after metformin prescription. We also evaluated the association of prescription adherence to the changes in those rates using univariate and multivariate regression models.ResultsA total of 464 patients met inclusion criteria. Outpatient exacerbation rates decreased after metformin prescription (13.4% only before vs. 7.8% only after, p = .009), and the annualized rate decreased more after metformin prescription as adherence increased (rank r = −.165, p < .001). After adjusting for potential confounders—age, sex, BMI, and inhaled corticoid steroid use—the strength of the association was attenuated.ConclusionsAsthma exacerbation rates decreased after metformin prescription, but a larger sample of patients who have experienced exacerbations and including patients with asthma who have not been prescribed metformin is needed to better know whether these decreases are driven by metformin use.
Antimicrobial profile of the culturable olive sporobiota and its potential as a source of biocontrol agents for major phytopathogens in olive agriculture
Authors: Manetsberger Julia , Caballero Gómez Natacha , Benomar Nabil , Christie Graham , Abriouel Hikmate 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe phytopathogens Xylella fastidiosa and Verticillium dahliae present an unparalleled threat to olive agriculture. However, there is no efficient field treatment available today for either pest. Spore‐forming bacteria (i.e., the sporobiota) are known for their extraordinary resistance properties and antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was thus to identify potential novel sustainable spore‐forming biocontrol agents derived from the culturable olive microbiome, termed the sporobiota, in general and in particular against X. fastidiosa and V. dahliae.RESULTSWe demonstrate the wide‐ranging antimicrobial profile of 415 isolates from the culturable olive sporobiota towards human and plant pathogens. We further identified five candidates with antagonistic activity against X. fastidiosa and V. dahliae. These belong to the Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Peribacillus simplex clade. The activity was related to the species and their relative origin (soil versus leaf endophytic). It is of particular interest that two of these candidates are already naturally present at the site of disease‐development that is, plant interior. We further confirmed the presence of lipopeptide genes potentially associated with the reported bioactivity.CONCLUSIONSThe study provides insights into how members of the olive sporobiota may support the olive plant to ward off detrimental pathogens. It further yields five promising candidates for the development of eco‐friendly, multi‐active biocontrol agents in olive agriculture. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Residential choice following separation and widowhood in middle and later life in Belgium and Sweden
Authors: Zilincikova Zuzana , Linares Isabel Palomares , Artamonova Alyona , Brandén Maria , Schnor Christine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIt is well‐documented that residential moves are connected to life events such as separation or widowhood. However, much less is known about the residential choices that follow these events in middle and later life (between ages 50 and 70) and how the location of family members outside the household relates to these choices. Comparing the cases of Belgium and Sweden, this paper addresses (i) the extent to which (im)mobility after separation or widowhood is associated with the presence of older parents and adult children nearby; (ii) the extent to which the choice of destination is associated with the location of older parents and adult children for those separated, widowed, and married individuals who moved, and (iii) how these patterns vary among men and women. We answer these questions employing logistic regression models and discrete‐choice models fitted to Belgian and Swedish register data from 2012 to 2014. The results show unique patterns of mobility around separation and widowhood which differ from those of continuously married individuals. Separated and widowed men and women in both countries are generally more likely to make a move towards their parents than continuously married ones. Widowhood is also associated with an increased propensity for a move towards one's children. In contrast, separation is associated with a lower propensity for moving towards one's children, especially among men.
Tutorial on model selection and validation of model input into precision dosing software for model‐informed precision dosing
Authors: Taylor Zachary L. , Poweleit Ethan A. , Paice Kelli , Somers Katherine M. , Pavia Kathryn , Vinks Alexander A. , Punt Nieko , Mizuno Tomoyuki , Girdwood Sonya Tang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere has been rising interest in using model‐informed precision dosing to provide personalized medicine to patients at the bedside. This methodology utilizes population pharmacokinetic models, measured drug concentrations from individual patients, pharmacodynamic biomarkers, and Bayesian estimation to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters and predict concentration‐time profiles in individual patients. Using these individualized parameter estimates and simulated drug exposure, dosing recommendations can be generated to maximize target attainment to improve beneficial effect and minimize toxicity. However, the accuracy of the output from this evaluation is highly dependent on the population pharmacokinetic model selected. This tutorial provides a comprehensive approach to evaluating, selecting, and validating a model for input and implementation into a model‐informed precision dosing program. A step‐by‐step outline to validate successful implementation into a precision dosing tool is described using the clinical software platforms Edsim++ and MwPharm++ as examples.
Elimination of matrix effects in urine for determination of ethyl glucuronide by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Kul Aykut , Sagirli Olcay 
Published: September 2023

RationaleAlcohol use disorder affects 4% to 5% of the world's population. Analysis methods are available for various biological fluids to detect this disorder. Determination of ethyl glucuronide in urine by the liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method is frequently used in forensic toxicology. These analyses are known to cause matrix effects.MethodsThe presented study describes the elimination of matrix effects for ethyl glucuronide. This study used two different LC/MS/MS systems containing orthogonal and z‐spray ion sources. Ethyl glucuronide was analyzed in negative polarity in electrospray ionization. A different dilution method was chosen for each study. The methods were developed and validated according to the European Medicines Agency bioanalytical method validation parameters.ResultsThe lower limit of quantitation of the developed methods was 0.025 μg/mL for ethyl glucuronide. The calibration curve of ethyl glucuronide was between 0.025 and 100 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of >0.99 for the two methods.ConclusionsIt was determined that the analyses using the z‐spray ion source were more affected by the matrix effect. The two validated methods involve rapid analysis time and simple sample preparation. Also, the methods were applied to real patients' urine.
Non‐zero‐sum games of discrete‐time Markov jump systems with unknown dynamics: An off‐policy reinforcement learning method
Authors: Zhang Xuewen , Shen Hao , Li Feng , Wang Jing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article concentrates on the non‐zero‐sum games problem of discrete‐time Markov jump systems without requiring the system dynamics information. First, the multiplayer non‐zero‐sum games problem can be converted to solve a set of coupled game algebraic Riccati equations, which is difficult to be solved directly. Then, to obtain the optimal control policies, a model‐based algorithm adapting the policy iteration approach is proposed. However, the model‐based algorithm relies on system dynamics information, which has the limitations in practice. Subsequently, an off‐policy reinforcement learning algorithm is given to get rid of the dependence on system dynamics information, which only uses the information of system states and inputs. Moreover, the proof of convergence and Nash equilibrium are also given. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Detecting changes in fish behaviour in real time to alert managers to thresholds of potential concern
Authors: Burnett Matthew J. , Süßle Vanessa , Saayman Terence , Jewitt Graham , O'Brien Gordon C. , Downs Colleen T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFish behaviour is one biological organisational level regularly used to assess the state of freshwater ecosystems and can be monitored using fish telemetry methods. The development of activity sensors incorporated into fish telemetered tags allows for non‐spatial movement to be detected and is increasingly used to understand the energy budgets and response and fine‐scale behaviour of fishes. In addition, detecting tagged fish remotely and in real time highlights the need to process fish activity data in near real time to make it relevant to managers in the water resource sector. Our study on Labeobarbus natalensis, a cyprinid, in the uMngeni River in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa, adapted and then tested the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA), as developed for financial predictive modelling, using activity data from fish. To determine changes in behaviour, we compared the EWMA‐predicted fish behaviour against the present fish behaviour. We showed that the EWMA could adequately detect changes in behaviour on both individual and population levels. Changes in behaviour are potentially indicative of a change in environmental conditions and thus were developed into management alerts. We conducted further analyses using generalised additive mixed models (GAMM) to determine the relationship between fish activity and the environmental data collected. The GAMMs helped determine the potential drivers for changes in behaviour where the EWMA could detect these in real time. Detecting changes in behaviour in real time as a result of environmental variables can identify thresholds of potential concern influencing management decisions and allow managers to respond, contributing to improving effective freshwater management.
Falling behind: Evaluating projected sustainable development goals progress across varied income countries
Authors: Soto Gonzalo Hernández 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe primary aim of this work is to prognosticate and evaluate the trajectory pertaining to the realization of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) contingent upon the income levels prevalent within a diverse cohort of 349 countries. Employing Holt's forecast method, we classified SDGs in three bundles, namely higher needs, basic needs, and governance. Our analysis concludes that nations endowed with greater income levels exhibit a discernible amelioration in their SDGs indices, while countries with low and lower middle‐income strata manifest an alarming worsening of their trends. These empirical findings bear significant implications for policymakers ensconced within nations committed to the achievement of these goals, supranational institutions, non‐governmental organizations (NGOs), and scholars. The widening developmental gap urges for greater institutional attention from the international community before the situation further deteriorates. Tailored policies and strategic initiatives might effectively address the idiosyncratic challenges faced by these nations. Concurrently, fostering international cooperation and collaborative endeavors stand as potent prerequisites, substantively bolstering the concerted pursuit of sustainable development goals and enduring sustainability for the entirety of humanity.
Improvements in the Magnesium Ion Transport Properties of Graphene/CNT‐Wrapped TiO2‐B Nanoflowers by Nickel Doping
Authors: Wang Jingshun , Zhang Yongquan , Liu Guang , Zhang Tiandong , Zhang Changhai , Zhang Yue , Feng Yu , Chi Qingguo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMagnesium‐ion batteries are widely studied for its environmentally friendly, low‐cost, and high volumetric energy density. In this work, the solvothermal method is used to prepare titanium dioxide bronze (TiO2‐B) nanoflowers with different nickel (Ni) doping concentrations for use in magnesium ion batteries as cathode materials. As Ni doping enhances the electrical conductivity of TiO2‐B and promotes magnesium ion diffusion, the band gap of TiO2‐B host material can be significantly reduced, and as Ni content increases, diffusion contributes more to capacity. According to the electrochemical test, TiO2‐B exhibits excellent electrochemical performance when the Ni element doping content is 2 at% and it is coated with reduced graphene oxide@carbon nanotube (RGO@CNT). At a current density of 100 mA g−1, NT‐2/RGO@CNT discharge specific capacity is as high as 167.5 mAh g−1, which is 2.36 times of the specific discharge capacity of pure TiO2‐B. It is a very valuable research material for magnesium ion battery cathode materials.
Regulating Interlayer‐Spacing of Vanadium Phosphates for High‐Capacity and Long‐Life Aqueous Iron‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Chang , Xu Yushuang , Deng Wenjun , Zhou Yi , Guo Xinyu , Chen Yan , Li Rui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlthough the research on aqueous batteries employing metal as the anode is still mainly focused on the aqueous zinc‐ion battery, aqueous iron‐ion batteries are considered as promising aqueous batteries owing to the lower cost, higher specific capacity, and better stability. However, the sluggish Fe2+ (de)intercalation leads to unsatisfactory specific capacity and poor electrochemical stability, which makes it difficult to find cathode materials with excellent electrochemical properties. Herein, phenylamine (PA)‐intercalated VOPO4 materials with expanded interlayer spacing are synthesized and applied successfully in aqueous iron‐ion batteries. Owing to enough diffusion space from the expanded interlayer, which can boost fast Fe2+ diffusion, the aqueous iron‐ion battery shows a high specific capacity of 170 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, excellent rate performance, and cycle stability (96.2% capacity retention after 2200 cycles). This work provides a new direction for cathode material design in the development of aqueous iron‐ion batteries.
Yolk–Shell Gradient‐Structured SiOx Anodes Derived from Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas Enable High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ouyang Quan , Li Guangshe , Zhang Xin , Zhao Xu , Fu Shilong , Li Liping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGradient‐structured materials hold great promise in the areas of batteries and electrocatalysis. Here, yolk–shell gradient‐structured SiOx‐based anode (YSG‐SiOx/C@C) derived from periodic mesoporous organosilica spheres (PMOs) through a selective etching method is reported. Capitalizing on the poor hydrothermal stability of inorganic silica in organic–inorganic hybrid silica spheres, the inorganic silica component in the hybrid spheres is selectively etched to obtain yolk–shell‐structured PMOs. Subsequently, the yolk–shell PMOs are coated with carbon to fabricate YSG‐SiOx/C@C. YSG‐SiOx/C@C is comprised of a core with uniform distribution of SiOx and carbon at the atomic scale, a middle void layer, and outer layers of SiOx and amorphous carbon. This unique gradient structure and composition from inside to outside not only enhances the electrical conductivity of the SiOx anode and reduces the side reactions, but also reserves void space for the expansion of SiOx, thereby effectively mitigating the stress caused by volumetric effect. As a result, YSG‐SiOx/C@C exhibits exceptional cycling stability and rate capability. Specifically, YSG‐SiOx/C@C maintains a specific capacity of 627 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 0.5 A g−1, and remains stable even after 550 cycles at current density of 2 A g−1, achieving a specific capacity of 519 mAh g−1.
Hierarchical Co2P/CoS2@C@MoS2 Composites with Hollow Cavity and Multiple Phases Toward Wideband Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: He Zizhuang , Xu Hanxiao , Shi Lingzi , Ren Xiangru , Kong Jie , Liu Panbo 
Published: September 2023

The synergistic effect of hollow cavities and multiple hetero‐interfaces displays huge advantages in achieving lightweight and high‐efficient electromagnetic wave absorption, but still confronts huge challenges. Herein, hierarchical Co2P/CoS2@C@MoS2 composites via the self‐sacrificed strategy and a subsequent hydrothermal method have been successfully synthesized. Specifically, ZIF‐67 cores first act as the structural template to form core‐shell ZIF‐67@poly(cyclotriphosphazene‐co‐4,4′‐sulfonyldiphenol) (ZIF‐67@PZS) composites, which are converted into hollow Co2P@C shells with micro‐mesoporous characteristics because of the gradient structural stabilities and preferred coordination ability. The deposition of hierarchical MoS2 results in phase transition (Co2P→Co2P/CoS2), yielding the formation of hierarchical Co2P/CoS2@C@MoS2 composites with hollow cavities and multiple hetero‐interfaces. Benefiting from the cooperative advantages of hollow structure, extra N,P,S‐doped sources, lattice defects/vacancies, diverse incoherent interfaces, and hierarchical configurations, the composites deliver superior electromagnetic wave capability (−56.6 dB) and wideband absorption bandwidth (8.96 GHz) with 20 wt.% filler loading. This study provides a reliable and facile strategy for the precise construction of superior electromagnetic wave absorbents with efficient absorption attenuation.
An ITO‐Free Kesterite Solar Cell
Authors: Ji Yixiong , Chen Wangxian , Yan Di , Bullock James , Xu Yang , Su Zhenghua , Yang Wentong , Laird Jamie Stuart , Zheng Tian , Wu Na , Zha Wusong , Luo Qun , Ma Chang‐Qi , Smith Trevor A. , Liu Fangyang , Mulvaney Paul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPhotovoltaic thin film solar cells based on kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 (CZTSSe) have reached 13.8% sunlight‐to‐electricity conversion efficiency. However, this efficiency is still far from the Shockley‐Queisser radiative limit and is hindered by the significant deficit in open circuit voltage (VOC). The presence of high‐density interface states between the absorber layer and buffer or window layer leads to the recombination of photogenerated carriers, thereby reducing effective carrier collection. To tackle this issue, a new window structure ZnO/AgNW/ZnO/AgNW (ZAZA) comprising layers of ZnO and silver nanowires (AgNWs) is proposed. This structure offers a simple and low‐damage processing method, resulting in improved optoelectronic properties and junction quality. The ZAZA‐based devices exhibit enhanced VOC due to the higher built‐in voltage (Vbi) and reduced interface recombination compared to the usual indium tin oxide (ITO) based structures. Additionally, improved carrier collection is demonstrated as a result of the shortened collection paths and the more uniform carrier lifetime distribution. These advances enable the fabrication of the first ITO‐free CZTSSe solar cells with over 10% efficiency without an anti‐reflective coating.
Motivate and Engage Our Youngest Writers
Authors: Friddle Karole‐Ann , Ivey Gay 
Published: September 2023

AbstractResearch suggests that when young children have many opportunities to write they start believing they are the sort of people who can write for intellectual, academic, and social purposes. They also learn foundational reading skills. Project‐like compositional writing involving design, strategies, and problem solving versus functional writing or shorter writing episodes, promises even more benefits. A question for teachers is how might we motivate young children toward complex projects when they are still learning basic literacy concepts. We take up this problem by focusing on the conditions under which young children might be motivated to write, specifically through the lenses of self‐determination theory and engagement. We suggest that making books, a complex compositional activity, linked to shared reading and study of multimodal picture books, combine for a vigorous social practice where children's motivational needs can be met. We offer practical recommendations for facilitating motivated, engaged writing in a classroom.
Ergebnisse aus Studie II: Funktionsweise kollektiver Medienrezeption
Authors: Schindler Johanna 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Folgenden werden die Ergebnisse von Studie II dargestellt. In ihr sollte die Funktionsweise der kollektiven Verarbeitung von Medienbotschaften untersucht werden, wobei die Ergebnisse auf kollektive Informationsverarbeitung im Allgemeinen übertragbar sein dürften. Dafür wurde erstmals der im Rahmen dieser Arbeit entwickelte (siehe 4.2) und in Studie I validierte (siehe Kapitel 5) standardisierte Gruppenfragebogen eingesetzt und eine standardisierte Befragung von n = 182 natürlichen Kleingruppen durchgeführt (siehe 4.4 zu Rekrutierung, Datenbereinigung, Stichprobe und dem allgemeinen Vorgehen bei der Auswertung). Zunächst werden FF3–5 zu den Eigenschaften kollektiver Medienrezeption beantwortet, da ihre Ergebnisse die Grundlage für weitere Analysen bilden (siehe 6.1). Als Nächstes wird auf FF6–7 zu den Einflussfaktoren auf kollektive Medienrezeption eingegangen (siehe 6.2). Danach werden FF8–9 zu ihren Auswirkungen auf Gruppenebene (siehe 6.3) und FF10–12 zu ihren Auswirkungen auf Individualebene (siehe 6.4) beantwortet. Schließlich werden die Ergebnisse zusammengefasst und diskutiert (siehe 6.5). Aufgrund des großen Umfangs der Ergebnisse werden kleinere Befunde schon bei der Ergebnisdarstellung besprochen. Die abschließende Diskussion konzentriert sich dann auf die zentralen und übergreifenden Ergebnisse.
Einleitung
Authors: Huget Judith 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungIn der einleitenden Passage wird das zentrale Thema mittels eines Zitats von Freudenthal, welches die Bedeutung von vernetztem Wissen hervorhebt, motiviert. Darauffolgend erfolgt eine Einführung in die essenziellen Begrifflichkeiten, darunter die Systematisierung, stoffdidaktische Methoden, das Professionswissen von Lehrkräften sowie die Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung. Des Weiteren wird die bestehende Forschungslücke detailliert erörtert und die primären Zielsetzungen dieser Arbeit präsentiert. Abschließend wird ein strukturierter Überblick über den konzeptionellen Aufbau des vorliegenden Werkes gegeben.