bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operationalising multi-sectoral food- and nutrition-related policies to curb the rise in obesity in Ghana
Authors: Sackar Samuel Akwei , Apprey Charles , Aduku Linda Nana Esi , Thow Anne Marie , Annan Reginald 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjective:To examine the governance of the food and nutrition policy space with particular reference to interests and power among stakeholders.Design:We followed a case study research design to conduct a nutrition policy analysis. We triangulated three sources of data: key-informant interviews, learning journey and relevant policy documents (2010–2020). This study is grounded in a conceptual framework focused on power.Setting:Ghana.Participants:Key informants (n28) drawn from policy stakeholders from government (Health, Agriculture, Trade and Industry), academia, civil society, development partners, civil society organisation (CSO) and private sector in Accra and Kumasi.Results:Power relations generated tensions, leading to weak multi-sectoral coordination among actors within the nutrition policy space. Governance and funding issues were identified as reasons for the weak multi-sectoral coordination. Formal power rested with government institutions while the private sector and CSO pushed to be invited during policy formulation. Visible stakeholders from industry were trade oriented and held a common interest of profit-making; they sought to receive support from government in order to be more competitive. There were no observed structures at the subnational levels for effective link with the national level.Conclusion:Formal responsibility for decision making within the nutrition and food policy space rested with the health sector and bringing on board nutrition-related sectors remained a challenge due to power tensions. Establishing a National Nutrition Council, with structures at the subnational level, will strengthen policy coordination and implementation. Taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages could provide a fund generation avenue for coordination of programmes to curb obesity.
Monte-Carlo techniques for radiotherapy applications I: introduction and overview of the different Monte-Carlo codes
Authors: Fielding Andrew L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroduction:The dose calculation plays a crucial role in many aspects of contemporary clinical radiotherapy treatment planning process. It therefore goes without saying that the accuracy of the dose calculation is of very high importance. The gold standard for absorbed dose calculation is the Monte-Carlo algorithm.Methods:This first of two papers gives an overview of the main openly available and supported codes that have been widely used for radiotherapy simulations.Results:The paper aims to provide an overview of Monte-Carlo in the field of radiotherapy and point the reader in the right direction of work that could help them get started or develop their existing understanding and use of Monte-Carlo algorithms in their practice.Conclusions:It also serves as a useful companion to a curated collection of papers on Monte-Carlo that have been published in this journal.
Gravitational-wave EM Counterpart Korean Observatory (GECKO)
Authors: Im Myungshin , Paek Gregory S. H. , Kim Joonho , Lim Gu ,   the GECKO Team
Published: February 2023

AbstractIdentification of the electromagnetic-wave (EM) counterparts of gravitational-wave (GW) sources can significantly broaden the research scope of GW astronomy, by pinpointing the exact locations of GW events and their environments, and using GW sources as standard sirens for cosmology. Yet, only one GW event has been found to be associated with an EM counterpart so far. Here, we outline the challenges of identifying EM counterparts of GW events, and describe our global network of telescopes that has been used to uncover GW EM counterparts. We also introduce a new facility in construction, the 7-dimensional telescope (7DT). Our GECKO observations have demonstrated that we can cover 50 deg2 within one hour to find kilonovae at a few hundred Mpc away. Furthermore, 7DT will produce a low resolution spectral map of the GW localization area, facilitating the EM counterpart search.
Can relative sensitivity of cover crop species to chloroacetamide and pyrazole herbicides be exploited to design interseeding mixtures?
Authors: Wallace John M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDrill-interseeding cover crops into standing corn (V3 to V5 growth stage) provides opportunities for increasing functional diversity in cropping systems by facilitating use of cover crop mixtures that include grass, legume, and brassica species. Designing herbicide-based weed control programs that negotiate tradeoffs between crop protection and environmental goals when interseeding mixtures remains a major challenge. The objective of this study was to use greenhouse-based dose-response assays to describe the relative sensitivity of 12 cover crop species that differ in traits, including taxonomic group and seed mass, to chloroacetamide (acetochlor, dimethenamid, S-metolachlor; Group 15 herbicides as categorized by the Weed Science Society of America) and pyrazole (pyroxasulfone; Group 15) herbicides. Nonlinear models were fit, and effective doses were estimated (ED50) to compare relative sensitivities of cover crop species to each herbicide. Brassica species (winter canola, Dwarf Essex rape, daikon radish) were less sensitive than small-seeded legumes (medium red clover, crimson clover) and grasses (annual ryegrass) in response to each chloroacetamide, but similar in response to pyroxasulfone. Austrian winter pea, a large-seeded legume, was less sensitive to each herbicide compared to other legumes (crimson clover, medium red clover, hairy vetch). Cereal rye and triticale were less sensitive to dimethenamid, S-metolachlor, and pyroxasulfone compared to annual ryegrass, but similar sensitivities were observed for acetochlor. These results suggest that relative differences in sensitivity to chloroacetamide and pyrazole herbicides could be exploited when designing cover crop mixtures for interseeding. It is imperative, however, to use these findings in conjunction with field-based observations of cover crop injury potential in interseeded systems.
Integrated weed management strategies for the depletion of multiple herbicide-resistant waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) seed in the soil seedbank
Authors: Soltani Nader , Shropshire Christy , Sikkema Peter H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe development of an integrated weed management (IWM) strategy for control of multiple herbicide-resistant (MHR) waterhemp can provide field crop producers with a strategy to deplete the number of waterhemp seeds in the soil seedbank. Field experiments were established on two commercial farms in Ontario, Canada, with MHR waterhemp in 2017. The number of waterhemp seeds in the seedbank at the Cottam and Walpole Island sites prior to establishing the experiments was 413 and 40 million seeds ha−1, respectively. The goal of this 9-yr study is to document the depletion in the number of waterhemp seeds in the seedbank after Years 3, 6, and 9 (spring 2020, 2023, and 2026) and to identify management practices that can reduce the number of waterhemp seeds by 95% or more. Relative to the number of seeds in the soil seedbank when the experiment was initiated, at the Cottam site after 3 yr of this experiment, in the “control” treatment (continuous soybean seeded in rows spaced 75 apart, and sprayed with glyphosate) there was a numeric 31% increase in the number of waterhemp seeds in the seedbank; in contrast, in the three-crop rotation of corn/soybean/winter wheat (with or without a cover crop after winter wheat harvest), soybean seeded in rows spaced 37.5 cm apart, with herbicide applications using a total of eight different herbicide modes of action resulted in a 65% to 66% decrease in the number of waterhemp seeds in the soil seedbank. At the Walpole Island site after 3 yr of this experiment, the number of waterhemp seeds in the seedbank was not affected by the IWM programs evaluated. Results indicate that a diversified integrated waterhemp management program dramatically decreased the number of waterhemp seeds in the seedbank at one of two sites.
New Estimate of Organic Carbon Export From Optical Measurements Reveals the Role of Particle Size Distribution and Export Horizon
Authors: Clements D. J. , Yang S. , Weber T. , McDonnell A. M. P. , Kiko R. , Stemmann L. , Bianchi D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExport of sinking particles from the surface ocean is critical for carbon sequestration and to provide energy to the deep biosphere. The magnitude and spatial patterns of this export have been estimated in the past by in situ particle flux observations, satellite‐based algorithms, and ocean biogeochemical models; however, these estimates remain uncertain. Here, we use a recent machine learning reconstruction of global ocean particle size distributions (PSDs) from Underwater Vision Profiler 5 measurements to estimate carbon fluxes by sinking particles (35 μm–5 mm equivalent spherical diameter) from the surface ocean. We combine global maps of PSD properties with empirical relationships constrained against in situ flux observations to calculate particulate carbon export from the euphotic zone (5.8 ± 0.1 Pg C y−1) and annual maximum mixed layer depths (6.1 ± 0.1 Pg C y−1). The new flux reconstructions suggest a less variable seasonal cycle in the tropical ocean and a more persistent export in the Southern Ocean than previously recognized. Smaller particles (less than 418 μm) contribute most of the flux globally, while larger particles become more important at high latitudes and in tropical upwelling regions. Export from the annual maximum mixed layer exceeds that from the euphotic zone over most of the low‐latitude ocean, suggesting shallow particle recycling and net heterotrophy in the deep euphotic zone. These estimates open the way to fully three‐dimensional global reconstructions of particle fluxes in the ocean, supported by the growing database of in situ optical observations.
Managing the immune microenvironment of osteosarcoma: the outlook for osteosarcoma treatment
Authors: Tian Hailong , Cao Jiangjun , Li Bowen , Nice Edouard C. , Mao Haijiao , Zhang Yi , Huang Canhua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOsteosarcoma, with poor survival after metastasis, is considered the most common primary bone cancer in adolescents. Notwithstanding the efforts of researchers, its five-year survival rate has only shown limited improvement, suggesting that existing therapeutic strategies are insufficient to meet clinical needs. Notably, immunotherapy has shown certain advantages over traditional tumor treatments in inhibiting metastasis. Therefore, managing the immune microenvironment in osteosarcoma can provide novel and valuable insight into the multifaceted mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity and progression of the disease. Additionally, given the advances in nanomedicine, there exist many advanced nanoplatforms for enhanced osteosarcoma immunotherapy with satisfactory physiochemical characteristics. Here, we review the classification, characteristics, and functions of the key components of the immune microenvironment in osteosarcoma. This review also emphasizes the application, progress, and prospects of osteosarcoma immunotherapy and discusses several nanomedicine-based options to enhance the efficiency of osteosarcoma treatment. Furthermore, we examine the disadvantages of standard treatments and present future perspectives for osteosarcoma immunotherapy.
KAT8 acetylation-controlled lipolysis affects the invasive and migratory potential of colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Qiu Bingquan , Li Shen , Li Meiting , Wang Shuo , Mu Guanqun , Chen Keyu , Wang Meng , Zhu Wei-guo , Wang Weibin , Wang Jiadong , Li Ziyu , Yang Jichun , Yang Yang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEpigenetic mechanisms involved in gene expression play an essential role in various cellular processes, including lipid metabolism. Lysine acetyltransferase 8 (KAT8), a histone acetyltransferase, has been reported to mediate de novo lipogenesis by acetylating fatty acid synthase. However, the effect of KAT8 on lipolysis is unclear. Here, we report a novel mechanism of KAT8 on lipolysis involving in its acetylation by general control non-repressed protein 5 (GCN5) and its deacetylation by Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6). KAT8 acetylation at K168/175 residues attenuates the binding activity of KAT8 and inhibits the recruitment of RNA pol II to the promoter region of the lipolysis-related genes adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), subsequently down-regulating lipolysis to affect the invasive and migratory potential of colorectal cancer cells. Our findings uncover a novel mechanism that KAT8 acetylation-controlled lipolysis affects invasive and migratory potential in colorectal cancer cells.
CEMIP, acting as a scaffold protein for bridging GRAF1 and MIB1, promotes colorectal cancer metastasis via activating CDC42/MAPK pathway
Authors: Xu Guojie , Zhao Lei , Hua Qingling , Wang Lanqing , Liu Hongli , Lin Zhenyu , Jin Min , Wang Jing , Zhou Pengfei , Yang Kunyu , Wu Gang , Yu Dandan , Zhang Dejun , Zhang Tao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMetastasis is the leading cause of treatment failure and tumor-related death in colorectal cancer (CRC). Our previous studies report that CEMIP functionally promotes CRC metastasis and is closely related to poor outcomes. However, the molecular network of CEMIP promoting CRC metastasis is still not fully understood. In the current study, we identify CEMIP interacting with GRAF1, and the combination of high-CEMIP and low-GRAF1 predicts poor survival of patients. Mechanistically, we elucidate that CEMIP interacts with the SH3 domain of GRAF1 through the 295–819aa domain, and negatively regulates the stability of GRAF1. Moreover, we identify MIB1 to be an E3 ubiquitin ligase for GRAF1. Importantly, we uncover that CEMIP acts as a scaffold protein in bridging MIB1 and GRAF1, which is critical to GRAF1 degradation and CEMIP-mediated CRC metastasis. Furthermore, we found that CEMIP activates CDC42/MAPK pathway-regulated EMT by enhancing the degradation of GRAF1, which is indispensable to CEMIP-mediated migration and invasion of CRC cells. Subsequently, we prove that CDC42 inhibitor suppresses CEMIP-mediated CRC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our results reveal that CEMIP promotes CRC metastasis through GRAF1/CDC42/MAPK pathway-regulated EMT, and suggest that CDC42 inhibitor could be a novel therapeutic strategy for CEMIP-mediated CRC metastasis.
Candidate mechanisms of acquired resistance to first-line osimertinib in EGFR-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chmielecki Juliann , Gray Jhanelle E. , Cheng Ying , Ohe Yuichiro , Imamura Fumio , Cho Byoung Chul , Lin Meng-Chih , Majem Margarita , Shah Riyaz , Rukazenkov Yuri , Todd Alexander , Markovets Aleksandra , Barrett J. Carl , Hartmaier Ryan J. , Ramalingam Suresh S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOsimertinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), potently and selectively inhibits EGFR-TKI-sensitizing and EGFR T790M resistance mutations. In the Phase III FLAURA study (NCT02296125), first-line osimertinib improved outcomes vs comparator EGFR-TKIs in EGFRm advanced non-small cell lung cancer. This analysis identifies acquired resistance mechanisms to first-line osimertinib. Next-generation sequencing assesses circulating-tumor DNA from paired plasma samples (baseline and disease progression/treatment discontinuation) in patients with baseline EGFRm. No EGFR T790M-mediated acquired resistance are observed; most frequent resistance mechanisms are MET amplification (n = 17; 16%) and EGFR C797S mutations (n = 7; 6%). Future research investigating non-genetic acquired resistance mechanisms is warranted.
Highly-twisted states of light from a high quality factor photonic crystal ring
Authors: Lu Xiyuan , Wang Mingkang , Zhou Feng , Heuck Mikkel , Zhu Wenqi , Aksyuk Vladimir A. , Englund Dirk R. , Srinivasan Kartik 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTwisted light with orbital angular momentum (OAM) has been extensively studied for applications in quantum and classical communications, microscopy, and optical micromanipulation. Ejecting high angular momentum states of a whispering gallery mode (WGM) microresonator through a grating-assisted mechanism provides a scalable, chip-integrated solution for OAM generation. However, demonstrated OAM microresonators have exhibited a much lower quality factor (Q) than conventional WGM resonators (by >100×), and an understanding of the limits on Q has been lacking. This is crucial given the importance of Q in enhancing light-matter interactions. Moreover, though high-OAM states are often desirable, the limits on what is achievable in a microresonator are not well understood. Here, we provide insight on these two questions, through understanding OAM from the perspective of mode coupling in a photonic crystal ring and linking it to coherent backscattering between counter-propagating WGMs. In addition to demonstrating high-Q (105 to 106), a high estimated upper bound on OAM ejection efficiency (up to 90%), and high-OAM number (up to l = 60), our empirical model is supported by experiments and provides a quantitative explanation for the behavior of Q and the upper bound of OAM ejection efficiency with l. The state-of-the-art performance and understanding of microresonator OAM generation opens opportunities for OAM applications using chip-integrated technologies.
Orthodenticle homeobox 2 is transported to lysosomes by nuclear budding vesicles
Authors: Park Jun Woo , Lee Eun Jung , Moon Eunyoung , Kim Hong-Lim , Kim In-Beom , Hodzic Didier , Kim Namsuk , Kweon Hee-Seok , Kim Jin Woo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTranscription factors (TFs) are transported from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and disappear from the nucleus after they regulate gene expression. Here, we discover an unconventional nuclear export of the TF, orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2), in nuclear budding vesicles, which transport OTX2 to the lysosome. We further find that torsin1a (Tor1a) is responsible for scission of the inner nuclear vesicle, which captures OTX2 using the LINC complex. Consistent with this, in cells expressing an ATPase-inactive Tor1aΔE mutant and the LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) breaker KASH2, OTX2 accumulated and formed aggregates in the nucleus. Consequently, in the mice expressing Tor1aΔE and KASH2, OTX2 could not be secreted from the choroid plexus for transfer to the visual cortex, leading to failed development of parvalbumin neurons and reduced visual acuity. Together, our results suggest that unconventional nuclear egress and secretion of OTX2 are necessary not only to induce functional changes in recipient cells but also to prevent aggregation in donor cells.
Tuning excited state electronic structure and charge transport in covalent organic frameworks for enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Chen Zhongshan , Wang Jingyi , Hao Mengjie , Xie Yinghui , Liu Xiaolu , Yang Hui , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Wang Xiangke , Ma Shengqian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent an emerging class of organic photocatalysts. However, their complicated structures lead to indeterminacy about photocatalytic active sites and reaction mechanisms. Herein, we use reticular chemistry to construct a family of isoreticular crystalline hydrazide-based COF photocatalysts, with the optoelectronic properties and local pore characteristics of the COFs modulated using different linkers. The excited state electronic distribution and transport pathways in the COFs are probed using a host of experimental methods and theoretical calculations at a molecular level. One of our developed COFs (denoted as COF-4) exhibits a remarkable excited state electron utilization efficiency and charge transfer properties, achieving a record-high photocatalytic uranium extraction performance of ~6.84 mg/g/day in natural seawater among all techniques reported so far. This study brings a new understanding about the operation of COF-based photocatalysts, guiding the design of improved COF photocatalysts for many applications.
Laser printed microelectronics
Authors: Yang Liang , Hu Hongrong , Scholz Alexander , Feist Florian , Cadilha Marques Gabriel , Kraus Steven , Bojanowski Niklas Maximilian , Blasco Eva , Barner-Kowollik Christopher , Aghassi-Hagmann Jasmin , Wegener Martin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrinted organic and inorganic electronics continue to be of large interest for sensors, bioelectronics, and security applications. Many printing techniques have been investigated, albeit often with typical minimum feature sizes in the tens of micrometer range and requiring post-processing procedures at elevated temperatures to enhance the performance of functional materials. Herein, we introduce laser printing with three different inks, for the semiconductor ZnO and the metals Pt and Ag, as a facile process for fabricating printed functional electronic devices with minimum feature sizes below 1 µm. The ZnO printing is based on laser-induced hydrothermal synthesis. Importantly, no sintering of any sort needs to be performed after laser printing for any of the three materials. To demonstrate the versatility of our approach, we show functional diodes, memristors, and a physically unclonable function based on a 6 × 6 memristor crossbar architecture. In addition, we realize functional transistors by combining laser printing and inkjet printing.
Signatures of the exciton gas phase and its condensation in monolayer 1T-ZrTe2
Authors: Song Yekai , Jia Chunjing , Xiong Hongyu , Wang Binbin , Jiang Zhicheng , Huang Kui , Hwang Jinwoong , Li Zhuojun , Hwang Choongyu , Liu Zhongkai , Shen Dawei , Sobota Jonathan A. , Kirchmann Patrick , Xue Jiamin , Devereaux Thomas P. , Mo Sung-Kwan , Shen Zhi-Xun , Tang Shujie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe excitonic insulator (EI) is a Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of excitons bound by electron-hole interaction in a solid, which could support high-temperature BEC transition. The material realization of EI has been challenged by the difficulty of distinguishing it from a conventional charge density wave (CDW) state. In the BEC limit, the preformed exciton gas phase is a hallmark to distinguish EI from conventional CDW, yet direct experimental evidence has been lacking. Here we report a distinct correlated phase beyond the 2×2 CDW ground state emerging in monolayer 1T-ZrTe2 and its investigation by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The results show novel band- and energy-dependent folding behavior in a two-step process, which is the signatures of an exciton gas phase prior to its condensation into the final CDW state. Our findings provide a versatile two-dimensional platform that allows tuning of the excitonic effect.