bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic differentiation and host usage of coral and fire coral-associated barnacles (Cirripedia: Pyrgomatinae and Wanellininae) across the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Authors: Yu Meng-Chen , Ganmanee Monthon , Tsao Yao-Feng , Chan Benny K K 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Using two molecular markers (COI and 12S) collected from seven genera and 20 species of coral associated and fire coral-associated barnacles, we examined whether genetic differentiation occurs between the Indian (total 261 sequences) and Pacific populations (195 sequences). Molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed pyrgomatinid barnacles formed two major sister-clades: the Cantellius clade and the major clade. Most of the species in the Cantellius clade did not show Indo-Pacific genetic divergence, except Cantellius sextus, which formed sister Indian and Pacific Ocean clades. Within the major clade, Darwiniella angularis, Galkinius maculosus, Nobia grandis, and Hiroa stubbingsi were composed of well-supported clades corresponding to the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The fire coral-associated barnacles Wanella milleporae have molecular clades corresponding to the populations in the Red Sea, Phuket waters, and Pacific Ocean. Species delimitation analyses and haplotype network supported the divergence of sequences in some coral barnacle species and fire coral barnacle between Indian and Pacific populations. Indo-Pacific genetic differentiation in some species appears to have resulted from Pleistocene glaciations. Life-history traits, length of larval development period, and host specificity appear can further affect the differentiation of coral barnacles across the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Underestimated diversity and range size of diving beetles in tank bromeliads—Coleoptera of ‘hygrofloric’ lifestyle (Dytiscidae)
Authors: Hájek Jiří , Alarie Yves , Benetti Cesar J , Hamada Neusa , Springer Monika , Hendrich Lars , Villastrigo Adrián , Ospina Torres Rodulfo , Basantes Michael S , Balke Michael 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Tank bromeliads provide a vast amount of stagnant water high up in the Neotropical forest canopy. However, the aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity in this specialized habitat remains poorly explored. Here, we study obligatorily bromeliadicolous species of the diving beetle genus Copelatus Erichson, 1832. We review the known species Copelatus bromeliarum Scott, 1912 (Trinidad and Venezuela) and Copelatus bimaculatus Resende & Vanin, 1991 (Brazil). We describe three new species: Copelatus espinhasso sp. nov. (Brazil), Copelatus florae sp. nov. (Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador and Panama) including its larva, and Copelatus panguana sp. nov. (Peru). Based on their male genital morphology, these species form a distinct clade within the genus. Other shared characters such as compact drop-shaped habitus, shortened appendages, and reduction of natatory setae on legs are interpreted as adaptations for what we call the ‘hygrofloric’ lifestyle. We document the thin water layer between leaf axils as the preferred habitat of both Copelatus adults and larvae, and not necessarily the central tank.
How temperature affects the body size of terrestrial tardigrades
Authors: Kaczmarek Łukasz , Fontaneto Diego , Nelson Diane R , Budka Anna , Łacka Agnieszka , Bartylak Tomasz , Rzymski Piotr 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Many vertebrates, both homeo- and poikilothermic, show a significant relationship between body size and environmental temperature. Whether such an association may exist in microscopic invertebrates has been less explored. Therefore, we decided to analyse terrestrial Tardigrada from various habitats worldwide to examine whether these animals reveal any relationship pattern between body size and environmental temperature. Data on minimum, maximum, and mean body sizes were extracted from original descriptions or sometimes from later re-descriptions of the species. Minimum, maximum, and mean temperature data from the type localities of the species were retrieved from WorldClim 2. In general, accounting for geographic and phylogenetic confounding factors, the body size of terrestrial tardigrades decreased as the environmental temperature increased. The same tendency was observed for most of the genera when additional analyses were carried out separately for each genus. This is the first biogeographical analysis demonstrating that terrestrial tardigrades generally conform to the temperature–size rule.
Osteoporosis management in primary care
Authors: Jarrell Lynda 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Osteoporosis is the most prevalent bone disease in the US. Once diagnosed, osteoporosis requires ongoing management; therefore, primary care providers are vital in managing both primary and secondary fracture prevention. Safe, efficacious, and economical medications are available, but osteoporosis remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators (raloxifene), conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene, estrogen therapy/hormone therapy, parathyroid hormone analogues, RANK ligand inhibitors (denosumab), sclerostin inhibitors (romosozumab), and calcitonin are all drugs or drug classes commonly used to treat osteoporosis that are discussed in this article.
Remote Cochlear Implant Assessments: Validity and Stability in Self-Administered Smartphone-Based Testing
Authors: Wasmann Jan-Willem A. , Huinck Wendy J. , Lanting Cris P. 
Published: August 2023

Objectives:
The stability of remote testing in cochlear implant care was studied by testing the influence of time-of-day, listener fatigue, and motivation on the outcomes of the aided threshold test (ATT) and digit triplets test (DTT) in cochlear implant (CI) recipients using self-tests at-home on a smartphone or tablet.

Design:
A single-center repeated measures cohort study design (n = 50 adult CI recipients). The ATT and DTT were tested at-home ten times, with nine of these sessions planned within a period of eight days. Outcomes were modeled as a function of time-of-day, momentary motivation, listeners’ task-related fatigue, and chronotype (i.e., someone’s preference for morning or evening due to the sleep-wake cycle) using linear mixed models. Additional factors included aided monosyllabic word recognition in quiet, daily-life fatigue, age, and CI experience.

Results:
Out of 500 planned measurements, 407 ATTs and 476 DTTs were completed. The ATT determined thresholds and impedances were stable across sessions. The factors in the DTT model explained 75% of the total variance. Forty-nine percent of the total variance was explained by individual differences in the participants’ DTT performance. For each 10% increase in word recognition in quiet, the DTT speech reception threshold improved by an average of 1.6 dB. DTT speech reception threshold improved, on average by 0.1 dB per repeated session and correlated with the number of successful DTTs per participant. There was no significant time-of-day effect on auditory performance in at-home administered tests.

Conclusions:
This study is one of the first to report on the validity and stability of remote assessments in CI recipients and reveals relevant factors. CI recipients can be self-tested at any waking hour to monitor performance via smartphone or tablet. Motivation, task-related fatigue, and chronotype did not affect the outcomes of ATT or DTT in the studied cohort. Word recognition in quiet is a good predictor for deciding whether the DTT should be included in an individual’s remote test battery. At-home testing is reliable for cochlear implant recipients and offers an opportunity to provide care in a virtual hearing clinic setting.
A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Sharps Injuries Among Dermatologic Surgeons: A Survey of American College of Mohs Surgery Members
Authors: Talebi-Liasi Faezeh , Lewin Jesse M. 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND
There is a paucity of data on sharps injuries and bloodborne pathogen exposure among Dermatologic Surgeons.

OBJECTIVE
Quantify occupational risks from sharps injuries among Mohs surgeons. Determine rate of injury, reporting, and confidence in staff's sharps handling.

METHODS
A cross-sectional analysis performed using survey responses from Mohs surgeons with membership in the American College of Mohs Surgery (ACMS).

RESULTS
A total of 60 ACMS members completed the survey. Overall, 56.7% reported at least 1 sharps injury within the past year, of which 14.7% resulted in a bloodborne exposure (odds of exposure: 7.5% per year). The most common type of injury was self-inflicted suture needlestick (76.5%). Forty-four-point-one percent did not report their injuries. Ninety-five percent reported access to postexposure prophylaxis at their workplace. In addition, respondents in academic and single-specialty practices were more likely to report high or moderate confidence in staff sharps handling knowledge and in injury reporting compared with respondents from multispecialty and solo practices (88% vs 54% p = .02, 76%–81% vs 27% p = .0004, respectively).

CONCLUSION
Sharps injuries and under-reporting of these injuries are common among Mohs surgeons. Despite reporting of higher confidence in staff knowledge and training in academic and single-specialty practices, there was no correlation with surgeon's rate of injury.
The Dependency of Cochlear Lateral Wall Measurements on Observer and Imaging Type
Authors: Sieber Daniel , Timm Max E. , Weller Tobias , Suhling Marie , Lenarz Thomas , Schurzig Daniel 
Published: August 2023

Hypothesis
Assessment techniques for the cochlear spatial lateral wall are associated with inter-rater variability, but derived clinical recommendations nonetheless offer value for individualized electrode selection.

Background
Anatomical variations influence the location of cochlear implant electrodes inside the cochlea. Preoperative planning allows individualization of the electrode based on characterization of the bony lateral wall.

Methods
The study used publicly available digitized temporal bones based on microslicing and computed tomography. Four experienced observers assessed the lateral wall applying manual tracing, linear regression scaling and elliptic-circular approximation methods in all modalities. Radial and height differences were computed in 90-degree steps from the round window center to the apex. Total length, total angular length, and tonotopic frequencies were computed for each reconstruction.

Results
Differences were found most pronounced between assessment methods in vertical direction across observers and imaging modalities. One of the five anatomies was consistently found to be of shorter cochlear duct length with estimation techniques yielding more conservative results compared with manual tracings.

Conclusions
Assessment techniques for the bony lateral wall yield method, observer, and image modality related deviations. Automation of the anatomical characterization may offer potential in minimizing inaccuracies. Nonetheless, observers were consistently able to detect a smaller inner ear demonstrating the ability of current methods to contribute to an optimized choice of electrodes based on individual patient anatomy.
Severe infections caused by difficult-to-treat Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Dettori Silvia , Portunato Federica , Vena Antonio , Giacobbe Daniele Roberto , Bassetti Matteo 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) poses a significant global health concern, contributing to increased infections, mortality rates, and healthcare costs. This review discusses the main clinical manifestations, therapeutic options, and recent findings in managing antibiotic-resistant GNB, with a focus on difficult-to-treat infections.

Recent findings
Difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) is a novel classification that identifies GNB exhibiting intermediate or resistant phenotypes to first-line agents in the carbapenem, beta-lactam, and fluoroquinolone categories. The main pathogens implicated in severe infections include DTR Enterobacterales, DTR Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and DTR Acinetobacter baumannii. Although the clinical implications of DTR strains are still under investigation, certain studies have linked them to prolonged hospital stays and poor patient outcomes.

Summary
Severe infections caused by DTR-GNB pose a formidable challenge for healthcare providers and represent a growing global health issue. The proper administration and optimization of novel antibiotics at our disposal are of paramount importance for combating bacterial resistance and improving patient prognosis.
Health system approaches to providing posthospital care for survivors of sepsis and critical illness
Authors: Eaton Tammy L. , Taylor Stephanie Parks 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
In the current review, we highlight developing strategies taken by healthcare systems to improve posthospital outcomes for sepsis and critical illness.

Recent findings
Multiple studies conducted in the adult population over the last 18 months have advanced current knowledge on postdischarge care after sepsis and critical illness. Effective interventions are complex and multicomponent, targeting the multilevel challenges that survivors face. Health systems can leverage existing care models such as primary care or invest in specialty programs to deliver postdischarge care. Qualitative and implementation science studies provide insights into important contextual factors for program success. Several studies demonstrate successful application of telehealth to improve reach of postdischarge support. Research is beginning to identify subtypes of survivors that may respond to tailored intervention strategies.

Summary
Several successful critical illness survivor models of care have been implemented and knowledge about effectiveness, cost, and implementation factors of these strategies is growing. Further innovation is needed in intervention development and evaluation to advance the field.
The effect of biofeedback pelvic floor training with ACTICORE1 on urinary incontinence: a multicenter randomized clinical pilot trial
Authors: Paasch Christoph , Soeder Sonja , Lorenz Eric , Heisler Sophie , Götze Matthias , Borgmann Hendrik , Olthoff Julia , Hünerbein Michael , Hunger Richard , Mantke René 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Pelvic floor training with biofeedback has been shown to significantly reduce symptoms of urinary incontinence. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pelvic floor training with the ACTICORE1 biofeedback device, which uses a noninsertable pelvic floor sensor with a digital interface.

Materials and methods:
A multicenter randomized controlled clinical pilot study in Germany was conducted between October 2021 and January 2022. The intervention group was instructed to use ACTICORE1 for 6 min daily to train the pelvic floor for 12 weeks. The control group was instructed not to do any pelvic floor training. Over 18-year-old men and women with urinary incontinence and an International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire score (ICIQ) of ≥5 were included in the study. The primary endpoint was the ICIQ score 12 weeks after enrollment. The secondary endpoints were the ICIQ score and quality of life using the EG-5D-3L questionnaire 4, 8, and 12 weeks after patients’ enrollment.

Results:
A total of 40 individuals with urinary incontinence were recruited for the present study (35 females, 5 males; 40% lost to follow-up). In terms of biometric data, both groups did not differ. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks, the ICIQ scores of those in the ACTICORE1 group decreased from 12.9 to 7.5. The ICIQ score in the control group decreased from 11.0 to 10.5. The intraindividual improvement of patients in the ACTICORE group was statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Biofeedback training with ACTICORE1 significantly reduces symptoms of urinary incontinence after 12 weeks.
Using Machine Learning to Identify Predictors of Sexually Transmitted Infections Over Time among Young People Living with or At Risk for HIV Who Participated in ATN Protocols 147, 148, and 149
Authors: Comulada W. Scott , Rotheram-Borus Mary Jane , Arnold Elizabeth Mayfield , Norwood Peter , Lee Sung-Jae , Ocasio Manuel A. , Flynn Risa , Nielsen Karin , Bolan Robert , Klausner Jeffrey , Swendeman Dallas ,   Adolescent Medicine Trials Network (ATN) CARES Team
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Sexually transmitted infections (STI) among youth aged 12-24 years old have doubled in the last 13 years, accounting for 50% of STI nationally. We need to identify predictors of STI among youth in urban HIV epicenters.

Methods
Sexual and gender minority (SGM; gay, bisexual, transgender, gender-diverse) and other youth with multiple life stressors (homelessness, incarceration, substance use, mental health disorders) were recruited from 13 sites in Los Angeles and New Orleans (N = 1482). Self-reports and rapid diagnostic tests for STI, HIV, and drug use were conducted at 4-month intervals for up to 24 months. Machine learning was used to identify predictors of time until new STI (including a new HIV diagnosis).

Results
At recruitment, 23.9% of youth had a current or past STI. Over 24 months, 19.3% tested positive for a new STI. Heterosexual males had the lowest STI rate (12%); African-American youth were 23% more likely to acquire an STI compared to peers of other ethnicities. Time to STI was best predicted by attending group sex venues or parties, moderate but not high dating app use, and past STI and HIV seropositive status.

Conclusions
STI are concentrated among a subset of young people at highest risk. The best predictors of youth’s risk are their sexual environments and networks. Machine learning will allow the next generation of research on predictive patterns of risk to be more robust.
Assessment of Barriers and Facilitators to Prescribing HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis by Primary Care Providers
Authors: Kilboy Matthew , Shihabuddin Courtney , Morgan Ethan , Herbell Kayla 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective class of drugs used to prevent the transmission of HIV-1. Despite its high efficacy, the uptake of PrEP has been very low. This project sought to understand the barriers and facilitators to prescribing PrEP in a community health clinic in a Midwestern state.
Non-Neoplastic Thoracic Cysts
Authors: Weissferdt Annikka 
Published: August 2023

Benign cysts of the thoracic cavity represent a group of rare lesions, the spectrum of which is expanding. Most of these are congenital in nature, secondary to abnormal development during embryogenesis while a smaller subset represents acquired lesions. We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathologic features of 136 patients with thoracic cysts that were treated in our institution over a span of 20 years. The patients were 85 female and 51 male patients with an average age of 51 years. Eighty-four of the patients were asymptomatic (62%), the remainder mainly presented with chest pain, shortness of breath, or cough. Surgical resection was performed in 123 patients while 12 patients were treated with aspiration only and 1 underwent core biopsy. The cyst size ranged from 0.5 to 14.8 cm (mean, 4.4 cm); histologically, the lesions included 50 thymic cysts (28 multilocular; 22 unilocular), 37 bronchogenic cysts, 23 pleuropericardial cysts, 12 unclassified cysts, 6 Müllerian cysts, 5 enteric cysts, and 3 parathyroid cysts. Clinical follow-up revealed that 97 patients were alive and well 4 months to 37 years after initial diagnosis; 25 patients were lost to follow-up and 14 patients died of unrelated causes. The current study is one of the largest studies on the subject with emphasis on clinicopathologic characteristics. This series has a higher incidence of thymic cysts compared with prior publications and covers a wider spectrum of different histologic types than previously reported.
Diagnosis and Acute Management of Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Kappy Brandon , Lindgren Christina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) is an indolent process characterized by significantly increased levels of serum glucose, high osmolality, and electrolyte abnormalities. The incidence of HHS has steadily risen in the pediatric population over the past several years. Patients with HHS often present with profound dehydration, fatigue, and early mental status changes. Primary emergency management of HHS involves fluid replacement, hemodynamic support, correcting electrolyte derangements, and addressing complications and underlying illnesses. Insulin is not an initial therapy in HHS and should be considered only after the patient's fluids and electrolytes have been repleted. Unlike in diabetic ketoacidosis, HHS patients are not acidotic, although children may present with mixed HHS/diabetic ketoacidosis syndromes. Complications of HHS include thrombosis, rhabdomyolysis, and, rarely, malignant hyperthermia.
Improvements in Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Initiation of Dolutegravir-Based or Low-Dose Efavirenz-Based First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy: A Four-Year Longitudinal Analysis in Cameroon (NAMSAL ANRS 12313 Trial)
Authors: Bousmah Marwân-al-Qays , Protopopescu Camelia , Mpoudi-Etame Mireille , Omgba Bassega Pierrette , Maradan Gwenaëlle , Olinga Justin , Varloteaux Marie , Tovar-Sanchez Tamara , Delaporte Éric , Kouanfack Charles , Boyer Sylvie ,   for the NAMSAL ANRS 12313 Study Group
Published: August 2023

Background:
We provide new and comprehensive evidence on the evolution of a wide range of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in the NAMSAL ANRS 12313 trial in Cameroon (2016–2021)—the first randomized comparison of dolutegravir 50 mg (DTG) and low-dose efavirenz (ie, 400 mg; EFV400) in treatment-naive adults living with HIV-1 in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods:
We first described the evolution of PROs between baseline and week 192. Then, we used random-effects models to measure the effect of time since the initiation of antiretroviral therapy and the differential effect of DTG versus EFV400 on each PRO, adjusting for clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic factors, while accounting for unobserved heterogeneity and missing data.

Results:
Among the 613 patients randomized (DTG arm, n = 310; EFV400 arm, n = 303), (1) physical and mental health-related quality of life improved by 13.3% and 6.8%, respectively, (2) the percentage of patients with depression, anxiety, and stress decreased from 23.3%, 23.0%, and 7.7% to 3.1%, 3.5%, and 0.4%, respectively, and (3) the mean number of HIV-related symptoms decreased from 7.2 to 3.0 (P < 0.001). For most PROs, no significant difference was found between both arms, even when accounting for the effect of DTG on weight gain. Nevertheless, our results suggest smaller improvements in mental health outcomes in the DTG arm, with a 5 percentage point higher adjusted probability of having anxiety at week 192 (P < 0.01).

Conclusions:
Although supporting the current World Health Organization guidelines recommending DTG-based and EFV400-based regimens as preferred and alternative first-line antiretroviral therapy, further studies should investigate medium-term mental health outcomes in patients on DTG.

Trial Registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02777229.