bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacognostical evaluation and physiochemical analysis ofSalsola Kalias medicinal plant
Authors: Hameed Aiza , Ghani Nadia , Mughal Tahira Aziz , Abbas Moneeza , Abrar Amina , Javed Houda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOne of the largest genera Salsola include halophytic plants with therapeutic potential. For the treatment of various ailments, plants of the genus are acclaimed.Salsola kaliis an important medicinal plant exhibiting specific phytochemical and biological makeup that is frequently overlooked. The current study aimed at the pharmacognostical evaluation of leaves and stem ofSalsola kalito ensure the purity, quality, and efficacy of this valuable medicinal species. For the identification, evaluation and standardization of diagnostic attributes of intact and powdered material ofSalsola kalileaves and stem, various methods including organoleptic, macroscopic, microscopic, and physicochemical analysis were employed. The plant was identified to possess significant characteristics with a view to authenticate drug. Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of aerial parts ofSalsola kalimanifested specialized anatomical features essential for the adaptability in dry‐saline environment. Upon quantitative pharmacognostic analysis of powder of leaves and stem, the moisture content of 1.3% and 11.1%, respectively was found. The total ash (%) in leaves and stem was computed to be 65.95 and 85.3, respectively. The water soluble and alcohol soluble extractive values (%) were computed to be 79.38 and 75.4 in leaves and 78.0 and 76.8 in stem, respectively. The swelling index (cm) in leaves and stem was enumerated to be 0.8 and 0.5. The current study will be helpful in the quality check and authentication of various parts ofSalsola kalithat can be used as principal component of herbal medicine formulation.Based on various microscopic analyses, that is, Light Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy, the detailed description and valuable information onSalsola kali, a medicinal plant, has been provided.The present study can make a significant contribution in the literature as the findings may contribute to the determination of purity ofSalsola kalifor future perspectives.
Application of the network scale‐up method to estimate the sizes of key populations for HIV in Singapore using online surveys
Authors: Quaye Sharon Esi Duoduwa , Cheng Yuwei , Tan Rayner Kay Jin , Koo Joel R. , Prem Kiesha , Teo Alvin Kuo Jing , Cook Alex R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionSingapore lacks robust data on the sizes of the key populations that are most at risk for HIV. Using the network scale‐up method for hidden or hard‐to‐reach populations, we estimate the sizes of five key populations—male clients of female sex workers (MCFSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSW), people who inject drugs (PWID) and transgender people—and profile the ages and ethnicities of respondents with the high‐risk contacts they report knowing.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional online survey between March and May 2019 (n = 2802) using a network scale‐up instrument previously developed for Singapore. Participants were recruited using an existing panel and online advertising, and the sample reweighted by age, sex, ethnicity and education attained to represent the general adult population. We built a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the sizes of the five key populations for HIV in Singapore.ResultsAfter adjustment, the sizes of the at‐risk populations are estimated to be: 76,800 (95% credible interval [CI]: 64,200–91,800) MCFSW; 139,000 (95% CI: 120,000–160,000) MSM; 8030 (95% CI: 3980–16,200) FSW; 3470 (95% CI: 1540–7830) PWID and 18,000 (95% CI: 14,000–23,200) transgender people. Generally, men reported knowing more people in all the high‐risk groups; older people reported knowing more MCFSW, FSW and transgender people; and younger people reported knowing more MSM. There was a bimodal effect of age on those who reported knowing more PWIDs: people in their 20s and 60s reported more contacts.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that a size estimation study of hidden populations is quickly and efficiently scalable through using online surveys in a socially conservative society, like Singapore, where key populations are stigmatized or criminalized. The approach may be suitable in other countries where stigma is prevalent and where barriers to surveillance and data collection are numerous.
Altered gut microbiota is associated with different immunologic responses to antiretroviral therapy in HIV‐infected men who have sex with men
Authors: Zhao Heping , Feng Anping , Luo Dan , Wu Hao , Zhang Ge , Zhang Lin , Yuan Jinqiu , Lin Yi‐Fan , Li Linghua , Zou Huachun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe association between gut microbiota and immunologic nonresponse among people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not well documented. This study aimed to characterize gut microbiota among HIV‐infected men who have sex with men (MSM) with different immunologic responses. We recruited HIV‐infected MSM and HIV‐uninfected MSM (healthy controls, HC) in Guangzhou, June–October 2021. HIV‐infected MSM were grouped into good immunological responders (GIR) (CD4 + T cell count ≥ 350 cells/μL) and poor immunological responders (PIR) (<350 cells/μL). Blood and stool samples were collected. Microbial translocation in serum was performed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing was performed on stool samples, and microbial metabolites were obtained through gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. 56 GIR, 41 PIR, and 51 HC were included. Microbial translocation marker soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14) in both GIR and PIR groups was significantly higher than that in HC. Compared with PIR or HC groups, the genera of Coprococcus, Blautia, Clostridium, and SMB53 were decreased, whereas Megamonas and Megasphaera were more abundant in GIR group. Compared with GIR or PIR groups, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Faecalibacterium, Oscillospira, and Roseburia were more abundant, whereas Escherichia was decreased in HC group. The levels of benzenoids, imidazoles, phenylpropanoic acids, phenylpropanoids, and pyridines showed strongly significant correlations between differential genera. This study presented a comprehensive landscape of gut microbiota in PLHIV with different treatment outcomes. Megamonas, Coprococcus and Blautia were the major genera correlated with different immunologic responses in PLHIV.
Sulfolipid substitution ratios of Microcystis aeruginosa and planktonic communities as an indicator of phosphorus limitation in Lake Erie
Authors: Martin Robbie M. , Denney Maddie K. , Pound Helena L. , Chaffin Justin D. , Bullerjahn George S. , McKay R. Michael L. , Zastepa Arthur , Jones Katarina A. , Castro Hector F. , Campagna Shawn R. , Wilhelm Steven W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhosphorus (P) availability frequently limits primary production in lakes, influences the physiology of phytoplankton, shapes community structure, and can stimulate or constrain the formation of cyanobacterial blooms. Given the importance of P, numerous methods are available to assess P stress in phytoplankton communities. Marine phytoplankton are known to substitute sulfolipids for phospholipids in response to P limitation. We asked whether sulfolipid substitution might serve as an additional indicator of P stress in freshwater phytoplankton communities. The question was addressed using cultures of Microcystis aeruginosa, Lake Erie microcosms, and surveys of lipid profiles in Lake Erie during a Microcystis spp. bloom. Peak area response ratios of the intact polar lipids sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) to phosphatidylglycerol (PG) were used as the metric of lipid substitution. In cultures of M. aeruginosa NIES‐843, the SQDG : PG ratio increased from ~ 0.9 to ~ 3.3 with decreasing P concentration. In P‐limited communities, the SQDG : PG ratio increased from ~ 6 to ~ 11 after 48 h in microcosm controls, while P amendments reduced the ratio to ~ 3. In Lake Erie surveys, the SQDG : PG ratio ranged from ~ 0.4 to ~ 7.4 and was negatively correlated (Pearson r = −0.62) with total dissolved P. The SQDG : PG ratio was not correlated with concentrations of chlorophyll a, soluble reactive P, or N : P molar ratios. These results demonstrated that M. aeruginosa and Microcystis‐dominated communities remodel lipid profiles in response to P scarcity, providing a potential short‐term, time‐integrated biomarker of nutrient history and P stress in fresh waters.
Fluorous Tagged Peptides for Intracellular Delivery and Biomedical Imaging
Authors: Ding Lei , Rong Guangyu , Cheng Yiyun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFluorous tagged peptides have shown promising features for biomedical applications such as drug delivery and multimodal imaging. The bioconjugation of fluoroalkyl ligands onto cargo peptides greatly enhances their proteolytic stability and membrane penetration via a proposed “fluorine effect”. The tagged peptides also efficiently deliver other biomolecules such as DNA and siRNA into cells via a co‐assembly strategy. The fluoroalkyl chains on peptides with antifouling properties enable efficient gene delivery in the presence of serum proteins. Besides intracellular biomolecule delivery, the amphiphilic peptides can be used to stabilized perfluorocarbon‐filled microbubbles for ultrasound imaging. The fluorine nucleus on fluoroalkyls provides intrinsic probes for background‐free magnetic resonance imaging. Labeling of fluorous tags with radionuclide 18F also allows tracing the biodistribution of peptides via positron emission tomography imaging. This mini‐review will discuss properties and mechanism of the fluorous tagged peptides in these applications.
Nanobiotechnology‐mediated radioimmunotherapy treatment for triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Zhu Mei , Yang Xi , You Jia , Zheng Lingnan , Yi Cheng , Huang Ying 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBreast cancer has become the most common and greatest threat to women's health in the world. As the most dangerous subtype of breast cancer, triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) can lead develop drug resistance, resulting in poor therapeutic effects. The synergistic effect of radiotherapy and immunotherapy can not only improve the therapeutic effect of in situ TNBC but also induce the strong abscopal effect of radiotherapy to remove the tumor cells from the metastatic tumor and prevent tumor recurrence. However, many preclinical studies have pointed out that the application of radioimmunotherapy still has such problems as large toxic and side effects of drugs and asynchronous administration scheme. With the increasing popularity of nanobiotechnology in tumor therapy, there are more and more research results related to nanoparticles, such as inorganic nanoparticles, organic nanoparticles, and nanoparticle–hydrogel complexes in radioimmunotherapy. In this review, we briefly summarize the related clinical treatment methods of TNBC and review the related nanobiotechnology used in the preclinical studies of TNBC radioimmunotherapy. It is mainly characterized by the controlled release of drugs locally, enhanced radiosensitization, and avoidance of systemic toxicity. However, further studies are needed to improve the convenience and effectiveness, so as to explore new options for the clinical treatment of TNBC.
The rapid rise of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron subvariants with immune evasion properties: XBB.1.5 and BQ.1.1 subvariants
Authors: Ao Danyi , He Xuemei , Hong Weiqi , Wei Xiawei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs the fifth variant of concern of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has quickly become the dominant type among the previous circulating variants worldwide. During the Omicron wave, several subvariants have emerged, with some exhibiting greater infectivity and immune evasion, accounting for their fast spread across many countries. Recently, two Omicron subvariants, BQ.1 and XBB lineages, including BQ.1.1, XBB.1, and XBB.1.5, have become a global public health issue given their ability to escape from therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and herd immunity induced by prior coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines, boosters, and infection. In this respect, XBB.1.5, which has been established to harbor a rare mutation F486P, demonstrates superior transmissibility and immune escape ability compared to other subvariants and has emerged as the dominant strain in several countries. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiological features, spike mutations, and immune evasion of BQ.1 and XBB lineages. We expounded on the mechanisms underlying mutations and immune escape from neutralizing antibodies from vaccinated or convalescent COVID‐19 individuals and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and proposed strategies for prevention against BQ.1 and XBB sublineages.
Optimal tracking control for blast furnace molten iron quality based on subspace identification and Krotov's method
Authors: Liu Yue , Zhou Ping 
Published: March 2023

SummaryBlast furnace ironmaking is a complex nonlinear dynamic process, which has strict requirements on the quality of final molten iron. To improve the control effect of molten iron quality, this paper proposes an optimal tracking control method for molten iron quality based on the bilinear subspace identification and Krotov's method. First, a state space model between key process variables and blast furnace molten iron quality, using the bilinear subspace identification method, is established based on actual industrial data. Then, an augmented system is established combining the state vector and the reference trajectory, and the improving feedback controller is designed by solving a set of Riccati equations, which are established based on Krotov's method. In combination with the designed controller and the established system, the specific implementation steps are proposed. Finally, the effectiveness and advancement of the proposed method are verified based on actual industrial data of a large blast furnace.
Ductus arteriosus flow predicts outcome in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Bo Bartolomeo , Pugnaloni Flaminia , Licari Amelia , Patel Neil , Strizek Brigitte , Lemloh Lotte , Leyens Judith , Mueller Andreas , Kipfmueller Florian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether the pattern of flow through the ductus arteriosus (DA) is associated with the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (ECMO) or death in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingGerman level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.Participants139 CDH neonates were born between March 2009 and May 2021.MethodsDA flow pattern was assessed in echocardiograms obtained within 24 h of life by measuring flow time and velocity time integral (VTI) for both left‐to‐right (LR) and right‐to‐left (RL) components of the ductal shunt. A VTI ratio (VTILR/VTIRL) < 1.0 and an RL relative flow time (Flow timeRL/(Flow timeLR+Flow timeRL)) >33% were defined as markers of abnormal flow patterns. The primary outcome was the need for ECMO. The secondary outcome was death.Results72 patients (51.8%) had a VTI ratio <1.0, 73 (52.5%) an RL relative flow time >33%. 59 patients (42.4%) had an alteration of both values. Need for ECMO was present in 37.4% (n = 52), while 19.4% (n = 27) died. A VTI ratio <1.0 had the highest diagnostic accuracy for the need for ECMO, (sensitivity 82.7%, specificity 66.7%, negative predictive value [NPV] 86.6%, and positive predictive value [PPV] 59.7%) as well as for death (sensitivity 77.8%, specificity 54.5%, NPV 91.0%, and PPV 29.2%). Patients with VTI ratio <1.0 were 4.7 times more likely to need ECMO and 3.3 times more likely to die. VTI ratio values correlated significantly with pulmonary hypertension (PH) severity (r = ‐0.516, p < 0.001).ConclusionsA VTI ratio <1.0 is a valuable threshold to identify high‐risk CDH neonates. For improved risk stratification, other parameters—for example, left ventricular cardiac dysfunction—should be combined with DA flow assessment.
The association of type and number of high‐risk criteria with cancer specific mortality in prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy
Authors: Chierigo Francesco , Flammia Rocco Simone , Sorce Gabriele , Hoeh Benedikt , Hohenhorst Lukas , Tian Zhe , Saad Fred , Graefen Marcus , Gallucci Michele , Briganti Alberto , Montorsi Francesco , Chun Felix K. H. , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Guano Giovanni , Mantica Guglielmo , Borghesi Marco , Suardi Nazareno , Terrone Carlo , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the association between of type and number of D'Amico high‐risk criteria (DHRCs) with rates of cancer‐specific mortality (CSM) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated with external beam radiotherapy (RT).MethodsIn the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004–2016), we identified 34,908 RT patients with at least one DHRCs, namely prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) >20 ng/dL (hrPSA), biopsy Grade Group (hrGG) 4–5, clinical T stage (hrcT) ≥T2c. Multivariable Cox regression models (CRM), as well as competing risks regression (CRR) model, which further adjust for other cause mortality, tested the association between DHRCs and 5‐year CSM.ResultsOf 34,908 patients, 14,777 (42%) exclusively harbored hrGG, 5641 (16%) hrPSA, 4390 (13%) had hrcT. Only 8238 (23.7%) harbored any combination of two DHRCs and 1862 (5.3%) had all three DHRCs. Five‐year CSM rates ranged from 2.4% to 5.0% when any individual DHRC was present (hrcT, hrPSA, hrGG, in that order), versus 5.2% to 10.5% when two DHRCs were present (hrPSA+hrcT, hrcT+hrGG, hrPSA+hrGG, in that order) versus 14.4% when all three DHRCs were identified. In multivariable CRM hazard ratios relative to hrcT ranged from 1.07 to 1.76 for one DHRC, 2.20 to 3.83 for combinations of two DHRCs, and 5.11 for all three DHRCs. Multivariable CRR yielded to virtually the same results.ConclusionsOur study indicates a stimulus‐response effect according to the type and number of DHRCs. This indicates potential for risk‐stratification within HR PCa patients that could be applied in clinical decision making to increase or reduce treatment intensity.
Rough Entanglement: Not Enough Fourier
Authors: Mastriani Mario 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work presents a new form of entanglement known as rough entanglement. It is based on the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) and is an alternative to those used in quantum information processing for generating maximally and nonmaximally entangled states. The roughly entangled pairs are used in the quantum teleportation protocol, where, the performance achieved in the reconstruction of the teleported state is evaluated. The aforementioned teleportation is implemented on a simulator and a 5‐qubit physical machine from the IBM Q Experience inventory. Emphasis is placed on the teleportation of computational basis states (CBS) commonly used in quantum key distribution protocols. Finally, in previous works, it is shown that to generate Bell states the intervention of two QFT blocks is required, while the rough version requires only one. The lack of a second layer or QFT block in its constitution gives the name to this new type of entanglement.
Input‐to‐state practical stability for nonautonomous nonlinear infinite‐dimensional systems
Authors: Damak Hanen , Hammami Mohamed Ali , Heni Rahma 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this article, we are concerned with the input‐to‐state practical stability (ISpS) of nonautonomous nonlinear infinite‐dimensional systems. Sufficient conditions of ISpS are provided based on Lyapunov functions and a nonlinear inequality. We characterize ISpS in terms of uniform practical asymptotic gain property. We show that for a class of admissible inputs the existence of an ISpS‐Lyapunov function implies the ISpS of a system in Banach spaces. These results are used to study the input‐to‐state practical stability of a certain class of nonautonomous semilinear evolution equations. Furthermore, we provide a small‐gain theorem for nonautonomous nonlinear interconnected systems. An example is used to illustrate the application of the developed method.
Achieving regional sustainability and carbon neutrality target in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa economies: Understanding the importance of fiscal decentralization, export diversification and environmental innovation
Authors: Udeagha Maxwell Chukwudi , Muchapondwa Edwin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReaching decarbonization goals has become a top focus for several industrialized and emerging economies globally. The greatest effect of human behavior is global warming. Utilizing fiscal decentralization (FDST), export diversification (EDI), and environment‐related technological innovation (ERTI) may be necessary to address global pollution and accomplish environmental sustainability goals. Additionally, these strategies could aid various levels of government and nations in pursuing what they define as sustainable development. This study evaluates the combined benefits of FDST, EDI and ERTI in meeting the environmental sustainability goals of the Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) economies from 1970 to 2020. Using the augmented mean group method, the long‐run dynamic equilibrium between the chosen variables is examined. The findings demonstrate that while the adoption of ERTI and renewable energy (REC) benefits the environment, EDI, FDST, and economic growth exacerbate environmental deterioration. Our findings suggest that the BRICS countries should proceed cautiously when adopting FDST and EDI plans. The adoption of ERTI and REC should be promoted by the government to increase environmental sustainability.
Self‐Assembled Construction of Robust and Super Elastic Graphene Aerogel for High‐Efficient Formaldehyde Removal and Multifunctional Application
Authors: Wang Wuyou , Zhao Xiaowen , Ye Lin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSimultaneously achieving exceptional mechanical strength and resilience of graphene aerogel (GA) remains a challenge, while GA is an ideal candidate for formaldehyde removal. Herein, flexible polyethyleneimine (PEI) is grafted chemically onto carbon nanotube (CNT) surface, and CNT‐PEI@reduced GA (rGA) is fabricated via hydrothermal self‐assembly, pre‐frozen, and hydrazine reduction process. Introducing CNT‐PEI contributes to well‐interconnected/robust 3D network construction by connecting reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets through enhancing cross‐linking, while entangled CNT‐PEI is intercalated into rGO layers to avoid serious restacking of sheets, producing larger surface area and more formaldehyde adsorption sites. Ultralight CNT‐PEI@rGA exhibits extreme high strength (276.37 kPa), reversible compressibility at 90% strain, and structural stability, while FA adsorption capacity reached 568.41 mg g‐1, ≈3.28 times of rGA, derivable from synergistic chemical‐physical adsorption effect. Furthermore, CNT‐PEI@rGA is ground into powder for first preparing polyoxymethylene (POM)/CNT‐PEI@rGA composite, while formaldehyde emission amount is 69.63%/73.96% lower than that of POM at 60/230 °C. Moreover, CNT‐PEI@rGA presents outstanding piezoresistive‐sensing and thermal insulation properties, exhibiting high strain sensitivity, wide strain detection range, and long‐term durability.