bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Syndemic Clustering of Adversities on Suicide Risk among YMSM Living with HIV in Bangkok: A Causal Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Cheung Doug H. , Waratworawan Worawalan , Kongjareon Yamol , Jonas Kai J. , Lim Sin How , Reeves Alexis N. , Guadamuz Thomas E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigated the clustering of psychosocial adversities and their synergistic effect with depression on suicidality in a 12-month prospective cohort (N = 214) of YMSM living with HIV in Bangkok, Thailand. Latent class analysis identified subgroups with distinct combinations of adversities, including bullying, intimate partner violence, substance use, HIV stigma, low social support, histories of sex work, and below-income status. Significant interactive synergism were found as hypothesized, supporting a syndemic effect with qualitatively increasing levels of adversities on suicidality (score range: 3–17) over the 12 months. The interaction between moderate adversity clustering and depression (βow = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.12–3.88) and high adversity clustering and depression (βow = 3.61, 95% CI: 1.12–6.09) indicated that the impact of depression on suicidality was modified by pre-existing adversities. The findings suggest that, while a multi-component intervention addressing psychosocial problems is ideal, effective depression treatment alone could significantly reduce suicidality among YMSM living with HIV.
Employment Status and HIV Viral Load in Chilean Adult Population: A Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Leiva-Escobar Ignacio , Cortes Claudia P. , Lamadrid Angelo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe set out to investigate the potential impact of unemployment on HIV viral load in individuals living with HIV at the biggest HIV-related healthcare centre in Chile. We analysed a cross-sectional dataset of 803 adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. The main exposure was employment status. The outcome, detectable HIV viral load, was operationalised using a cut-off of HIV viral load at 20 copies/mL. We applied a propensity score method, the inverse probability of treatment weighting to control for measured confounders. We found that 219 (27.3%) of participants were unemployed. Being unemployed was associated with increased odds of being detectable (OR = 1.78, 95%CI = 1.18–2.71) compared to being employed. Additionally, we found that those unemployed and non-adherents have higher odds of being detectable (OR = 2.53, 95%CI = 1.18–5.41). Unemployment status may influence HIV viral load. However, further research is needed to determine and understand the social structure behind those relationships in the Chilean people living with HIV.
A Data-Driven Approach to Refine the Partially Stirred Reactor Closure for Turbulent Premixed Flames
Authors: Piu Lorenzo , Péquin Arthur , Freitas Rodolfo S. M. , Iavarone Salvatore , Pitsch Heinz , Parente Alessandro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Accurately predicting turbulent combustion processes is fundamental for optimizing efficiency, reducing pollutant emissions, and ensuring operational safety in combustion systems. To this purpose, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are widely employed. In particular, large eddy simulations (LES) balance prediction accuracy with computational efficiency by resolving only the most energy-containing scales of turbulence and rely on modeling the turbulence-chemistry interactions (TCI) occurring at the smallest scales. Among the existing closures, the partially stirred reactor (PaSR) model incorporates finite-rate chemistry and estimates a cell reacting fraction based on the local Damköhler number to account for the subfilter-scale TCI. Although widely validated in CFD computations, the PaSR model was found limited by the way it computes the cell reacting fraction. To tackle this point, our study proposes a machine learning (ML) enhanced partially stirred reactor model for LES. A fully connected neural network is trained on direct numerical simulation (DNS) data of turbulent premixed jet flames to compute a correction coefficient for the cell reacting fraction. Maintaining the original model shape, this ML-enhanced closure aims at bridging the gap between physics-based models and advanced data-driven techniques. The proposed formulation not only improves the prediction accuracy of quantities of interest such as the heat release rate but also features computational feasibility and generalisation capabilities over a large range of LES grid refinement. This demonstrates the significant potential of ML-aided TCI closures in future applications of combustion engineering.
Distributions of Wall Heat Flux and Wall Shear Stress and their Interrelation During Head-on Quenching of Premixed Flames within Turbulent Boundary Layers
Authors: Mohan Vishnu , Ahmed Umair , Chakraborty Nilanjan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe statistical behaviours of wall heat flux and wall shear stress and their interdependence during unsteady head-on quenching of statistically planar turbulent premixed flames within turbulent boundary layers due to heat loss through the cold wall have been analysed using three-dimensional Direct Numerical Simulation data with friction Reynolds numbers of $$Re_\tau =110$$

R

e
τ

=
110

and 180. In both cases, the mean wall shear stress decreases during flame-wall interaction, whereas the mean wall heat flux magnitude increases with time as the flame approaches the wall and eventually assumes a maximum value before decreasing with the progress of flame quenching. The integral length scales of wall heat flux in both streamwise and spanwise directions have been found to grow with time after the maximum mean heat flux magnitude is obtained for the two $$Re_\tau$$

R

e
τ

cases considered. However, the integral length scale of wall shear stress in the streamwise direction grows but the integral length scale of wall shear stress in the spanwise direction decreases with time after the maximum mean heat flux magnitude is reached. Moreover, the correlation coefficient between the wall heat flux magnitude and wall shear stress becomes increasingly negative while the mean wall heat flux increases with time, but this negative correlation weakens with the progress of flame quenching. The first few (i.e., most energetic) Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) modes of wall shear stress and the wall heat flux magnitude have been found to capture the qualitative nature of the correlation between these quantities and their spatial variations. It is found that tens of most energetic POD modes are needed to capture the mean and variances of wall heat flux and wall shear stress. The number of most energetic modes, which contribute significantly to the statistics of both wall heat flux and wall shear stress, decreases with decreasing $$Re_\tau$$

R

e
τ

and also with the progress of flame quenching due to the weakening of turbulence effects.
Post-earthquake structural damage assessment, lessons learned, and addressing objections following the 2023 Kahramanmaras, Turkey earthquakes
Authors: Demir Aydin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper provides a comprehensive examination of post-earthquake structural damage assessment efforts following the Kahramanmaras, Turkey, earthquakes that occurred on February 6, 2023. Drawing on global damage assessment protocols, the study compares and analyzes the methods implemented in the aftermath of the earthquakes, offering insights into lessons learned and challenges faced. The analysis of objections raised regarding the assessment efforts reveals significant changes in structures with moderate and severe damage, emphasizing the need for continuous improvement in assessment strategies. The paper advocates for a realistic and two-stage application method, consideration of crack type and cause, and active involvement of local communities in the assessment process. Furthermore, the study identifies key issues in the current earthquake damage assessment methodology and proposes solutions, including a more precise classification system, regular volunteer training, consideration of secondary disaster risks, and effective communication methods. The paper concludes by underscoring the importance of effective damage assessment in disaster management, addressing objections from the affected population, and continual enhancement of strategies to improve resilience in earthquake-prone regions.
Dual targeting of HSP90 and BCL-2 in breast cancer cells using inhibitors BIIB021 and ABT-263
Authors: Gökşen Tosun Nazan , Kaplan Özlem 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose:
The incidence of breast cancer has been increasing in recent years, and monotherapy approaches are not sufficient alone in the treatment of breast cancer. In the combined therapy approach, combining two or three different agents in lower doses can mitigate the side effects on living cells and tissues caused by high doses of chemical agents used alone. ABT-263 (navitoclax), a clinically tested Bcl-2 family protein inhibitor, has shown limited success in clinical trials due to the development of resistance to monotherapy in breast cancer cells. This resistance shows that monotherapy approaches are inadequate and more effective treatment strategies are needed. It is the ability of HSP90 inhibitors to destabilize many oncoproteins that are critical for the survival of cancer cells. This study aimed to examine the anticancer activity of the combination of ABT-263 with BIIB021, a new generation HSP90 inhibitor, on two widely used breast cancer cell lines: MCF-7 (ER-positive) and MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative breast cancer, TNBC). These cell lines were selected to represent distinct breast cancer subtypes with different molecular characteristics and clinical behaviors.

Methods:
Single and combined cytotoxic effects of this agents on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines were determined using the MTT cell viability test. The combined use of these two agents showed a synergistic effect, and this effect was assigned using the Chou and Talalay method. mRNA and protein levels of apoptosis-related genes Bax, Bcl-2, Casp9, and Heat Shock Proteins HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90 were analyzed using Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western Blotting, respectively.

Results:
The cytotoxicity analysis, combined with the application of the Chou-Talalay method, demonstrated that the BIIB021 and ABT-263 combination exhibited significantly greater anticancer activity compared to the individual effects of either BIIB021 or ABT-263 in breast cancer cell lines. The analysis of mRNA and protein levels indicated that the BIIB021+ABT-263 combination may have triggered the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in breast cancer cells.

Conclusion:
This study showed that co-administration of ABT-263 and BIIB021 agents exhibited synergistic cytotoxic effects and increased the expression of apoptosis-related genes in breast cancer cell lines

Graphical abstract
Impact of declared wildfire disasters on survival of lung cancer patients undergoing radiation
Authors: Lichter Katie E. , Larson Bria , Pagadala Meghana , Mohamad Osama , Nogueira Leticia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose
Oncological treatments, such as radiotherapy, which requires consistent electricity, the presence of specialized clinical teams, and daily patient access to treatment facilities, are frequently disrupted by extreme weather events, posing several health hazards to patients. This study explores the association between declared wildfire disasters during radiotherapy and overall survival among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods
The study population consisted of 202,935 adults with inoperable Stage III NSCLC, who initiated radiotherapy from 2004 through 2019. Exposure was defined as a wildfire disaster declaration in the county of the treatment facility within 12 weeks of initiating radiotherapy. Overall survival was defined as the interval (months) between age at diagnosis and age at death, date of last contact, or study end. Cox proportional hazards was used to estimate crude and adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals with inverse probability weighting.

Results
Patients exposed to a wildfire disaster declaration during radiation treatment had worse overall survival (HR, 1.03; 95% CI 1.00–1.06; p = 0.02), compared to unexposed patients in adjusted models.

Conclusion
Exposure to a wildfire disaster during radiotherapy is associated with worse overall survival among patients with stage III non-operable NSCLC. This finding underscores the critical need for developing adaptation strategies within the healthcare sector, especially in oncology.
Temporal trends and patterns for early- and late-onset adult liver cancer incidence vary by race/ethnicity, subsite, and histologic type in the United States from 2000 to 2019
Authors: Hsieh Mei-Chin , Ratnapradipa Kendra L. , Rozek Laura , Wen Shengdi , Chiu Yu-Wen , Peters Edward S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose
To examine incidence trends and patterns for early- and late-onset liver cancer.

Methods
Liver and intrahepatic bile duct (IBD) cancers diagnosed between 2000 and 2019 were acquired from 22 SEER registries. Variables included early-onset (20–49) vs. late-onset (50+), anatomic subsite, histologic type (hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC] and IBD cholangiocarcinoma [ICC]), sex, and race/ethnicity. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated using SEER*Stat. Jointpoint regression analysis was employed to estimate the annual percent change (APC) and the average APC (AAPC) with pairwise comparisons for trend by sex and by race/ethnicity stratified by age and subsite.

Results
Liver cancer incidence decreased among early-onset (AAPC [95% CI] − 2.39 [− 2.74, − 2.07]) but increased among late-onset patients (2.85 [2.71, 3.01]), primarily driven by HCC (3.60 [3.50, 3.71]). IBD incidence increased for both ages with ICC incidence annually increasing 7.92% (6.84, 9.26) for early-onset and 6.32% (5.46, 8.86) for late-onset patients. Early-onset liver cancer displayed comparable trends across racial/ethnic groups; however, late-onset liver cancer showed more variation, particularly among American Indian/Alaska Native/Asian Pacific Islander (AI/AN/API) populations, which experienced a significant decrease in incidence, thereby narrowing the gap with other racial/ethnic groups. For IBD, an identical pattern of early-onset IBD among non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs) compared to Hispanics was showed with coincidence test p = 0.1522, and a parallel pattern was observed among late-onset patients for both sexes (p = 0.5087).

Conclusion
Late-onset HCC continues to rise, except for NHB and AI/AN/API, where incidence rates have started to decrease over the past 4–5 years. Early and late-onset ICC incidence continues to increase across all racial/ethnic groups.
Balancing Efficiency and Inequality in a Non-Linear Multi-Regional Water Allocation Optimization Model
Authors: Ortuzar Iban , Serrano Ana , Xabadia Angels , Brouwer Roy 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAccounting for green and blue water resources, this study determines the optimal allocation of water between economic sectors under varying drought circumstances, applying non-linear optimization in a multi-regional input-output modeling framework. The results are compared to the regulated reallocation of water under existing regional drought warning and emergency plans. The analysis reveals that substantial economic gains can be achieved when considering efficiency in inter-sectoral water reallocation policies, mitigating value added losses. However, such optimal water allocation leads to greater inequality compared to the current drought policy measures. Extending the model and combining efficiency and equality concerns yields a production possibility frontier for second-best allocations that accounts for the distributional impacts of water reallocations under droughts. Notably, our findings demonstrate that there is potential for a more efficient distribution that is equal to the distributional impacts under the existing drought warning and emergency plans at lower total economic resource scarcity costs.
Unidirectional and bidirectional causation between smoking and blood DNA methylation: evidence from twin-based Mendelian randomisation
Authors: Singh Madhurbain , Dolan Conor V. , Lapato Dana M. , Hottenga Jouke-Jan , Pool René , Verhulst Brad , Boomsma Dorret I. , Breeze Charles E. , de Geus Eco J. C. , Hemani Gibran , Min Josine L. , Peterson Roseann E. , Maes Hermine H. M. , van Dongen Jenny , Neale Michael C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cigarette smoking is associated with numerous differentially-methylated genomic loci in multiple human tissues. These associations are often assumed to reflect the causal effects of smoking on DNA methylation (DNAm), which may underpin some of the adverse health sequelae of smoking. However, prior causal analyses with Mendelian Randomisation (MR) have found limited support for such effects. Here, we apply an integrated approach combining MR with twin causal models to examine causality between smoking and blood DNAm in the Netherlands Twin Register (N = 2577). Analyses revealed potential causal effects of current smoking on DNAm at > 500 sites in/near genes enriched for functional pathways relevant to known biological effects of smoking (e.g., hemopoiesis, cell- and neuro-development, and immune regulation). Notably, we also found evidence of reverse and bidirectional causation at several DNAm sites, suggesting that variation in DNAm at these sites may influence smoking liability. Seventeen of the loci with putative effects of DNAm on smoking showed highly specific enrichment for gene-regulatory functional elements in the brain, while the top three sites annotated to genes involved in G protein-coupled receptor signalling and innate immune response. These novel findings are partly attributable to the analyses of current smoking in twin models, rather than lifetime smoking typically examined in MR studies, as well as the increased statistical power achieved using multiallelic/polygenic scores as instrumental variables while controlling for potential horizontal pleiotropy. This study highlights the value of twin studies with genotypic and DNAm data for investigating causal relationships of DNAm with health and disease.
How knowledge of pathogen population biology informs management of Septoria nodorum blotch on wheat
Authors: McDonald Bruce A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSeptoria nodorum blotch (SNB) of wheat is caused by a complex of related fungi that infect both leaves and ears. The most intensively studied member of the species complex is Parastagonospora nodorum, which causes the majority of SNB. While P. nodorum is best known as a model pathogen for elucidating the inverse gene-for-gene interaction, knowledge of its population biology is also quite advanced. P. nodorum emerged as a wheat pathogen during the domestication of wheat in the Fertile Crescent. It then followed the spread of wheat agriculture around the world, likely moving on infected seed. Field populations around the world contain high levels of genetic and phenotypic diversity. This high diversity reflects the population biology of the fungus, which includes regular cycles of sexual recombination, high amounts of gene flow over regional scales, and large population sizes at the field scale. One hectare of a moderately infected field is estimated to contain about 1.8 million strains of P. nodorum that produce approximately 10 trillion spores that include about 70 million adapted mutant spores during a growing season. This standing diversity enables rapid adaptation to any selective agent, including deployments of fungicides and resistant cultivars. The key SNB management goal is to reduce the total pathogen population size, aiming to reduce the number of ascospores produced during and between growing seasons. One strategy that can be used to achieve this goal is to implement the practices of dynamic diversity across a regional scale.
Resilience of alpine lake macroinvertebrate communities to climate change: a view from the South Carpathian Mountains
Authors: Tombor E. , Korponai J. L. , Begy R. , Zsigmond A. R. , Wojewódka-Przybył M. , Hamerlík L. , Túri M. , Máthé I. , Kotrys B. , Płóciennik M. , Magyari E. K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRemote mountain lakes experience accelerating ecological change worldwide due to the ongoing warming. In this study, we analyze two alpine lakes, Lake Ana (1940 m) and Lake Peleaga (2122 m), from the Retezat National Park in Romania. The sediment cores cover ~ 400 years, and our aim is to reconstruct critical transitions, the rate of ecosystem change and its driving factors. The extent of human disturbance is weak at these lakes today. Therefore, we assumed the principal role of summer warming in potential ecosystem reorganizations. For verifying this assumption, we use a multi-proxy approach including Pb210/Cs137 dating, chironomid, pollen, Cladocera analyses, SPDU, element concentration, organic matter, total nitrogen, C/N ratio and δ15N measurements, chord-distance-analysis (RoC) and chironomid-based temperature reconstruction. The assemblages indicated cold, oligotrophic environment and remained relatively stable despite climate change and human pressure, in contrast to assemblages studied from higher altitude (> 2300 m) lakes in the Alps. Our temperature reconstructions show warming from the 2000’s, but the results are influenced by fish introduction in the 1990s. We conclude that chironomid communities have not yet passed critical thresholds; the fauna reacted with restrained alterations, which is exceptional in the region, and highlight the importance of altitude and environmental protection.
Implementing Transitional Math: Perspectives of Illinois Community College Program Leaders
Authors: Hu Xiaodan , Creed Benjamin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn 2016, Illinois initiated a statewide transitional math program to support students to be academically ready in college-level math before graduating from high school. This qualitative study focuses on the perspective of community college faculty and administrators on the statewide implementation of transitional math programs. We find that a successful partnership between high schools and community colleges is perceived as key to designing, implementing, and improving transitional math programs to ensure effective teaching and learning. However, community college leaders perceived that it remains unclear how transitional math programs impact student success, college enrollment, and educational equity. We provided practical implications for both transitional math programs and the broader developmental education reform.