bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning-based Assessment of Internal Carotid Artery Anatomy to Predict Difficult Intracranial Access in Endovascular Recanalization of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Nageler Gregor , Gergel Ingmar , Fangerau Markus , Breckwoldt Michael , Seker Fatih , Bendszus Martin , Möhlenbruch Markus , Neuberger Ulf 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) duration is an important predictor for neurological outcome. Recently it was shown that an angle of ≤ 90° of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is predictive for longer EVT duration. As manual angle measurement is not trivial and time-consuming, deep learning (DL) could help identifying difficult EVT cases in advance.

Methods
We included 379 CT angiographies (CTA) of patients who underwent EVT between January 2016 and December 2020. Manual segmentation of 121 CTAs was performed for the aortic arch, common carotid artery (CCA) and ICA. These were used to train a nnUNet. The remaining 258 CTAs were segmented using the trained nnUNet with manual verification afterwards. Angles of left and right ICAs were measured resulting in two classes: acute angle ≤ 90° and > 90°. The segmentations together with angle measurements were used to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) determining the ICA angle. The performance was evaluated using Dice scores. The classification was evaluated using AUC and accuracy. Associations of ICA angle and procedural times was explored using median and Whitney‑U test.

Results
Median EVT duration for cases with ICA angle > 90° was 48 min and with ≤ 90° was 64 min (p = 0.001). Segmentation evaluation showed Dice scores of 0.94 for the aorta and 0.86 for CCA/ICA, respectively. Evaluation of ICA angle determination resulted in an AUC of 0.92 and accuracy of 0.85.

Conclusion
The association between ICA angle and EVT duration could be verified and a DL-based method for semi-automatic assessment with the potential for full automation was developed. More anatomical features of interest could be examined in a similar fashion.
Validierung eines Modells zur Vorhersage des Sprachverstehens nach Cochleaimplantation
Authors: Hoppe Ulrich , Hast Anne , Hocke Thomas 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Wird mit konventionellen Hörsystemen kein ausreichendes Sprachverstehen mehr erreicht, ist eine audiologische Indikation für eine Versorgung mit einem Cochleaimplantat (CI) gegeben. Für die CI-Versorgung gibt es bisher jedoch keine etablierten Zielkriterien für das zu erreichende Sprachverstehen. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, ein bereits bestehendes Vorhersagemodell für das Sprachverstehen nach CI-Versorgung zu validieren. Dieses wird auf verschiedene Patientengruppen angewendet.

Material und Methoden
In die prospektive Studie wurden 124 postlingual ertaubte erwachsene Patienten eingeschlossen. Das auf präoperativem maximalem Einsilberverstehen, dem Einsilberverstehen mit Hörgerät bei 65 dBSPL und Lebensalter zum Zeitpunkt der Versorgung basierende Modell wurde hinsichtlich der Vorhersagegenauigkeit für das Einsilberverstehen mit CI nach 6 Monaten untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Das Sprachverstehen verbesserte sich im Mittel nach 6 Monaten von 10 % mit Hörgerät auf 65 % mit CI, einhergehend mit einer statistisch signifikanten Verbesserung für 93 % der Fälle. Eine Verschlechterung des versorgten unilateralen Sprachverstehens wurde nicht beobachtet. Der mittlere Vorhersagefehler lag in den Fällen mit präoperativem residualem Einsilberverstehen bei 11,5 Prozentpunkten und in allen anderen Fällen bei 23,2 Prozentpunkten.

Schlussfolgerung
Auch bei Patienten mit mittel- bis hochgradiger Schwerhörigkeit und unzureichendem Sprachverstehen mit Hörgerät ist die CI-Versorgung eine Therapieoption. Das auf präoperativ erhobenen Daten basierende Modell zur Vorhersage des Sprachverstehens mit CI kann bei der präoperativen Beratung und im Rahmen der postoperativen Qualitätssicherung genutzt werden.
A triaxial reference ellipsoid for the Earth
Authors: Hu Xuanyu , Shum C. K. , Bevis Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present a new, physically motivated triaxial reference ellipsoid for the Earth. It is an equipotential surface in the gravity field and closely approximates the geoid, akin to the conventional reference ellipsoid of revolution. According to Burša and Fialová (Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica 37(1):1–13, 1993), the triaxial reference ellipsoid is uniquely, but not exclusively, specified by the body’s total mass, the dynamic form factors of polar and equatorial flattening, the longitude of the equatorial major axis, the rotation rate, and the designated surface potential. We model the gravity field using triaxial ellipsoidal harmonics. While they are rarely considered practical for near-spherical planets, we leverage an intrinsic property that ellipsoidal harmonics yield an exact expression for the constant potential on a triaxial ellipsoid. A practical procedure is proposed to solve for the ellipsoidal parameters that converge iteratively to fulfill the exact condition of equipotentiality. We present the solution for the Earth Gravitational Model 2008.
Topological Recursion and Uncoupled BPS Structures II: Voros Symbols and the $$\tau $$-Function
Authors: Iwaki Kohei , Kidwai Omar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe continue our study of the correspondence between BPS structures and topological recursion in the uncoupled case, this time from the viewpoint of quantum curves. For spectral curves of hypergeometric type, we show the Borel-resummed Voros symbols of the corresponding quantum curves solve Bridgeland’s “BPS Riemann–Hilbert problem”. In particular, they satisfy the required jump property in agreement with the generalized definition of BPS indices$$\Omega $$Ωin our previous work. Furthermore, we observe the Voros coefficients define a closed one-form on the parameter space, and show that (log of) Bridgeland’s$$\tau $$τ-function encoding the solution is none other than the corresponding potential, up to a constant. When the quantization parameter is set to a special value, this agrees with the Borel sum of the topological recursion partition function$$Z_\textrm{TR}$$ZTR, up to a simple factor.
The (in)effectiveness of anticipatory vibrotactile cues in mitigating motion sickness
Authors: Reuten A. J. C. , Smeets J. B. J. , Rausch J. , Martens M. H. , Schmidt E. A. , Bos J. E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe introduction of (fully) automated vehicles has generated a re-interest in motion sickness, given that passengers suffer much more from motion sickness compared to car drivers. A suggested solution is to improve the anticipation of passive self-motion via cues that alert passengers of changes in the upcoming motion trajectory. We already know that auditory or visual cues can mitigate motion sickness. In this study, we used anticipatory vibrotactile cues that do not interfere with the (audio)visual tasks passengers may want to perform. We wanted to investigate (1) whether anticipatory vibrotactile cues mitigate motion sickness, and (2) whether the timing of the cue is of influence. We therefore exposed participants to four sessions on a linear sled with displacements unpredictable in motion onset. In three sessions, an anticipatory cue was presented 0.33, 1, or 3 s prior to the onset of forward motion. Using a new pre-registered measure, we quantified the reduction in motion sickness across multiple sickness scores in these sessions relative to a control session. Under the chosen experimental conditions, our results did not show a significant mitigation of motion sickness by the anticipatory vibrotactile cues, irrespective of their timing. Participants yet indicated that the cues were helpful. Considering that motion sickness is influenced by the unpredictability of displacements, vibrotactile cues may mitigate sickness when motions have more (unpredictable) variability than those studied here.
Bone Tissue Evaluation Indicates Abnormal Mineralization in Patients with Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type I: Report on Three Cases
Authors: Laakso Saila , Xiaoyu Tong , Blouin Stéphane , Keplinger Petra , Välimäki Ville-Valtteri , Kröger Heikki , Mäkitie Outi , Hartmann Markus A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAutoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type-1 (APS1) is characterized by autoimmune manifestations affecting different organs from early childhood on. Immunological abnormalities, the resulting endocrinopathies, and their treatments may compromise bone health. For the first time in APS1, we analyzed transiliac bone biopsy samples by bone histomorphometry and quantitative backscattered electron imaging in three adult patients (female P1, 38 years; male P2, 47 years; male P3, 25 years). All had biallelic mutations in the autoimmune regulator gene and in addition to endocrinopathies, also significant bone fragility. Histomorphometry showed bone volume in the lower normal range for P1 (BV/TV, − 0.98 SD) and P3 (− 1.34 SD), mainly due to reduced trabecular thickness (TbTh, − 3.63 and − 2.87 SD). In P1, osteoid surface was low (OS/BS, − 0.96 SD); active osteoblasts and double labeling were seen only on cortical bone. P3 showed a largely increased bone turnover rate (BFR/BV, + 4.53 SD) and increased mineralization lag time (Mlt, + 3.40 SD). Increased osteoid surface (OS/BS, + 2.03 and + 4.71 SD for P2 and P3) together with a large proportion of lowly mineralized bone area (Trab CaLow, + 2.22 and + 9.81 SD for P2 and P3) and focal mineralization defects were consistent with abnormal mineralization. In all patients, the density and area of osteocyte lacunae in cortical and trabecular bone were similar to healthy adults. The bone tissue characteristics were variable and included decreased trabecular thickness, increased amount of osteoid, and abnormal mineralization which are likely to contribute to bone fragility in patients with APS1.
Postoperative computed tomography imaging of pediatric patients with craniosynostosis: radiation dose and image quality comparison between multi-slice computed tomography and O-arm cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Kaasalainen Touko , Männistö Ville , Mäkelä Teemu , Suojanen Juho , Nuorala Antton , Heliövaara Arja , Leikola Junnu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
When postoperative multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) imaging of patients with craniosynostosis is used, it is usually performed a few days after surgery in a radiology department. This requires additional anesthesia for the patient. Recently, intraoperative mobile cone-beam CT (CBCT) devices have gained popularity for orthopedic and neurosurgical procedures, which allows postoperative CT imaging in the operating room.

Objective
This single-center retrospective study compared radiation dose and image quality of postoperative imaging performed using conventional MSCT scanners and O-arm CBCT.

Materials and methods
A total of 104 pediatric syndromic and non-syndromic patients who were operated on because of single- or multiple-suture craniosynostosis were included in this study. The mean volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose-length product (DLP) values of optimized craniosynostosis CT examinations (58 MSCT and 46 CBCT) were compared. Two surgeons evaluated the subjective image quality.

Results
CBCT resulted in significantly lower CTDIvol (up to 14%) and DLP (up to 33%) compared to MSCT. Multi-slice CT image quality was considered superior to CBCT scans. However, all scans were considered to be of sufficient quality for diagnosis.

Conclusion
The O-arm device allowed for an immediate postoperative CBCT examination in the operating theater using the same anesthesia induction. Radiation exposure was lower in CBCT compared to MSCT scans, thus further encouraging the use of O-arms. Cone-beam CT imaging with an O-arm is a feasible method for postoperative craniosynostosis imaging, yielding less anesthesia to patients, lower health costs and the possibility to immediately evaluate results of the surgical operation.
Lateral Route Endoscopic Thyroidectomy with gas Insufflation: Proposed Critical View of Safety
Authors: Elzahaby Islam A. , Hamdy Mohamed , Abdallah Ahmed 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe extra‐cervical lateral route endoscopic thyroidectomy (LRET) approaches such as the trans‐axillary, breast and axillo‐breast approaches are proved to be safe, feasible, esthetic, highly effective. The inherent difficulty and long learning curve of these techniques prevents its widespread application.MethodsBenefiting from the experience of more than 5 years in LRET approaches with CO2 insufflation, the authors developed ten surgical key steps and a critical view of safety (CVS) for performing thyroid lobectomy via LRET approaches. A detailed description and a video of the surgical technique is provided.ResultsApplication of these structured key steps and CVS was feasible and effective in achieving thyroid lobectomy in all selected cases with unilateral goiter up to 8 cm, even in cases with thyroiditis or controlled toxic adenoma, without any adverse events and with shorter operative time than the non‐structured surgical technique.ConclusionThe described ten key steps and CVS are conclusive, applicable, easy to learn. Our video could act as a guide for promoting the standardized, safe, and wide application of LRET techniques.
Axial superior facet slope may determine anterior or posterior atlantoaxial displacement secondary to os odontoideum and compensatory mechanisms of the atlantooccipital joint and subaxial cervical spine
Authors: Chen Yan , Du Han , Cheng Xiaofei , Zhao Jie , Qiao Han , Zhao Changqing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective
To introduce novel parameters in determining directions of os odontoideum (OO) with atlantoaxial displacement (AAD) and compensations of cervical sagittal alignment after displacement.

Methods
Analysis was performed on 96 cases receiving surgeries for upper cervical myelopathy caused by OO with AAD from 2011 to 2021. Twenty-four patients were included in the OO group and divided into the OO-anterior displacement (AD) group and the OO-posterior displacement (PD) group by displacement. Seventy-two patients were included as the control (Ctrl) group and divided into Ctrl-positive (Ctrl-P) group and Ctrl-negative (Ctrl-N) group by axial superior facet slope (ASFS) in a neutral position. ASFS, the sum of C2 slope (C2S) and axial superior facet endplate angle (ASFEA), was measured and calculated by combining cervical supine CT with standing X-ray. Cervical sagittal parameters were measured to analyse the atlantoaxial facet and compensations after AAD.

Results
Atlas inferior facet angle (AIFA), ASFS, and ASFEA in Ctrl-P significantly differed from OO-AD.C0-C1, C1-C2, C0-C2, C2-C7, C2-C7 SVA, and C2S in Ctrl-P significant differed from the OO-AD group. C2-C7 SVA and C2S in Ctrl-N significantly were smaller than the OO-PD group. C1-C2 correlated with C0-C1 and C2-C7 negatively in the OO group. Slight kyphosis of C1-C2 in OO-AD was compared with lordosis of C1-C2 in Ctrl-P, inducing increased extension of C0-C1 and C2-C7. Mildly increased lordosis of C1-C2 in OO-PD was compared with C1-C2 in Ctrl-N, triggering augmented flexion of C0-C1 and C2-C7.

Conclusion
ASFS was vital in determining directions of OO with AAD and explaining compensations. ASFS and ASFEA could provide pre- and intraoperative guidelines.

Key Points
• ASFS may determine the directions and compensatory mechanisms of AAD secondary to OO.
• ASFS could be achieved by the sum of ASFEA and C2S.
Avocado consumption and markers of inflammation: results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Cheng Feon W. , Ford Nikki A. , Wood Alexis C. , Tracy Russell 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Since avocado consumption has been linked to a possible reduction in inflammation, we investigated associations between avocado consumption and markers of inflammation in a population-based multi-ethnic cohort [Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)].

Methods
We used a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at MESA exam 1 to capture avocado/guacamole consumption. To calculate daily servings of avocado/guacamole, we used both frequency and serving size data from the FFQ. We classified participants into three consumer groups: rare or never (daily serving ≤ 0.03), medium (0.03 < daily serving < 0.1), and heavy (0.1 ≤ daily serving). Inflammation was estimated by natural log-transformed inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL-2, IL-6, homocysteine, fibrinogen, TNF-a soluble receptors). We used multivariate general linear regression models to assess associations accounting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational level, income, energy intake, smoking status, physical activity, diet quality, body mass index, and diabetes type.

Results
Among 5794 MESA participants, the average age and BMI were 62.25 y ± 10.26 and 28.28 ± 5.41 kg/m2, respectively, and 48% of the sample were men. Participants self-reported as Hispanic (22.30%), Caucasian (39.92%), African-American (25.39%), and Chinese (12.39%). Over 60% had higher than a high school education and 40% made $50,000 or more a year. Regarding avocado/guacamole consumption, 79% were categorized as rare or never, 12% as medium, and 9% as heavy. When adjusted for relevant confounders, there were no significant differences among the three consumer groups for any inflammatory marker.

Conclusion
In this cross-sectional study, we did not find that consumption of avocado/guacamole was associated with levels of inflammatory markers.
A cardiologist’s guide to machine learning in cardiovascular disease prognosis prediction
Authors: Kresoja Karl-Patrik , Unterhuber Matthias , Wachter Rolf , Thiele Holger , Lurz Philipp 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA modern-day physician is faced with a vast abundance of clinical and scientific data, by far surpassing the capabilities of the human mind. Until the last decade, advances in data availability have not been accompanied by analytical approaches. The advent of machine learning (ML) algorithms might improve the interpretation of complex data and should help to translate the near endless amount of data into clinical decision-making. ML has become part of our everyday practice and might even further change modern-day medicine. It is important to acknowledge the role of ML in prognosis prediction of cardiovascular disease. The present review aims on preparing the modern physician and researcher for the challenges that ML might bring, explaining basic concepts but also caveats that might arise when using these methods. Further, a brief overview of current established classical and emerging concepts of ML disease prediction in the fields of omics, imaging and basic science is presented.
COVID19-associated new-onset movement disorders: a follow-up study
Authors: Schneider Susanne A. , Desai Soaham , Phokaewvarangkul Onanong , Rosca Elena Cecilia , Sringean Jirada , Anand Pria , Bravo Gary Álvarez , Cardoso Francisco , Cervantes-Arslanian Anna M. , Chovatiya Harshad , Crosiers David , Dijkstra Femke , Fearon Conor , Grandas Francisco , Guedj Eric , Méndez-Guerrero Antonio , Hassan Muhammad , Jankovic Joseph , Lang Anthony E. , Makhoul Karim , Muccioli Lorenzo , O’Shea Sarah A. , Ostovan Vahid Reza , Perez-Sanchez Javier Ricardo , Ramdhani Ritesh , Ros-Castelló Victoria , Schulte Christina , Shah Priyank , Wojtecki Lars , Pal Pramod Kumar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Neurological symptoms are common manifestation in acute COVID-19. This includes hyper- and hypokinetic movement disorders. Data on their outcome, however, is limited.

Methods
Cases with new-onset COVID-19-associated movement disorders were identified by searching the literature. Authors were contacted for outcome data which were reviewed and analyzed.

Results
Movement disorders began 12.6 days on average after the initial onset of COVID-19. 92% of patients required hospital admission (mean duration 23 days). In a fraction of patients (6 of 27; 22%; 4 males/2 females, mean age 66.8 years) the movement disorder (ataxia, myoclonus, tremor, parkinsonism) was still present after a follow-up period of 7.5 ± 3 weeks. Severe COVID-19 in general and development of encephalopathy were risk factors, albeit not strong predictors, for the persistence.

Conclusions
The prognosis of new-onset COVID-19-associated movement disorder appears to be generally good. The majority recovered without residual symptoms within several weeks or months. Permanent cases may be due to unmasking of a previous subclinical movement disorder or due to vascular/demyelinating damage. Given the relatively low response rate of one third only and the heterogeneity of mechanisms firm conclusions on the (long-term) outome cannot, however, be drawn.
Novel mutation in LRP5 gene cause rare osteosclerosis: cases studies and literature review
Authors: Zhao Dichen , Sun Lei , Zheng Wenbin , Hu Jing , Zhou Bingna , Wang Ou , Jiang Yan , Xia Weibo , Xing Xiaoping , Li Mei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo study the effects of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene mutations on bone, and to open up our view of LRP5 and Wnt pathways on bone mass regulation. Three patients with increased bone mineral density or thickened bone cortex were included, who were 30-year-old, 22-year-old and 50-year-old men, respectively. The latter two patients were son and father of a same family. The characteristics of bone X-rays were evaluated in detail. Bone turnover markers were detected, such as procollagen type 1 amino-terminal peptide (P1NP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and type 1 collagen carboxyl terminal peptide (β-CTX). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine and proximal femur of the patients. The targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology was used to detect pathogenic gene mutations, which were further verified by Sanger sequencing. Moreover, the gene mutation spectrum and phenotypic characteristics of reported patients with LRP5 gain-of-function mutations were summarized by reviewing the literature. The main characteristics of the first patient were headache, facial paralysis, high BMD (lumbar vertebrae 1–4: 1.877 g/cm2, Z-score: 5.8; total hip: 1.705 g/cm2, Z-score: 5.7), slightly increased P1NP (87.0 ng/mL) and β-CTX (0.761 ng/mL) level, and with thickened bone cortex, especially the cranial vault. The latter two patients showed enlargement of the mandible and enlarged osseous prominence of the tours palatinus. X-rays showed that the bone cortex of skull and long bones were thickened. The bone turnover markers and BMD were normal. All three cases carried novel missense mutations in LRP5 gene, which were mutation in exon 3 (c.586 T > G, p.Trp196Gly) of the first patient, and mutation in exon 20 (c.4240C > A, p.Arg1414Ser) of the latter two patients. Combined with the reported literature, a total of 19 gain-of-function mutations in LRP5 were detected in 113 patients from 33 families. Hotspot mutations included c.724G > A, c.512G > T and c.758C > T. Furthermore, mutations in the exon 3 of LRP5 may cause severe phenotypes. LRP5 gain-of-function mutations can lead to rare autosomal dominant osteosclerosis type Ι (ADO Ι), which was characterized by increased bone mass and thickened bone cortex. In-depth research on the Wnt pathway will be benefit for discovering important mechanisms of bone mass regulation.