bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of training volume during intensified training in elite cyclists: Maintained vs. reduced volume at moderate intensity
Authors: Christensen Peter M. , Andreasen Jesper Juul , Lyngholm Jonas , Søgaard Ole , Lykkestrup Jakob , Hostrup Morten , Nybo Lars , Bangsbo Jens 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionMale elite cyclists (average VO2‐max: 71 mL/min/kg, n = 18) completed 7 weeks of high‐intensity interval training (HIT) (3×/week; 4‐min and 30‐s intervals) during the competitive part of the season. The influence of a maintained or lowered total training volume combined with HIT was evaluated in a two‐group design. Weekly moderate‐intensity training was lowered by ~33% (~5 h) (LOW, n = 8) or maintained at normal volume (NOR, n = 10). Endurance performance and fatigue resistance were evaluated via 400 kcal time‐trials (~20 min) commenced either with or without prior completion of a 120‐min preload (including repeated 20‐s sprints to simulate physiologic demands during road races).ResultsTime‐trial performance without preload was improved after the intervention (p = 0.006) with a 3% increase in LOW (p = 0.04) and a 2% increase in NOR (p = 0.07). Preloaded time‐trial was not significantly improved (p = 0.19). In the preload, average power during repeated sprinting increased by 6% in LOW (p < 0.01) and fatigue resistance in sprinting (start vs end of preload) was improved (p < 0.05) in both groups. Blood lactate during the preload was lowered (p < 0.001) solely in NOR. Measures of oxidative enzyme activity remained unchanged, whereas the glycolytic enzyme PFK increased by 22% for LOW (p = 0.02).ConclusionThe present study demonstrates that elite cyclists can benefit from intensified training during the competitive season both with maintained and lowered training volume at moderate intensity. In addition to benchmarking the effects of such training in ecological elite settings, the results also indicate how some performance and physiological parameters may interact with training volume.
A Study of Copyrolysis Characteristics of Sewage Sludge and Waste Polypropylene
Authors: Chen Guan-Bang , Huang Kuan-Chieh 
Published: April 2023

This study investigates the copyrolysis of sewage sludge (SS) and waste polypropylene (PP). SS exhibited low heating value and high ash content, whereas PP had a high heating value and volatile content. The properties of SS and PP were analyzed, and copyrolysis process, activation energy, synergistic effects, and gas yield were investigated using thermogravimetry combined with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed the existence of a three-stage synergy, and

10
%
PP
+
90
%
SS

showed maximum aromatic yield. The activation energy value for the blended fuel exhibited positive synergy. The Taguchi method was used to determine the operating conditions in a high-temperature furnace for the maximum C5–12/C19+ ratio and optimal pyrolysis oil quality. The PP : SS ratio was the most influencing parameter, followed by the pyrolysis temperature. 30% PP and 10% PP had the best C5–12/C19+ ratio and pyrolysis oil quality, respectively. We obtained a maximum C5–12/C19+ ratio of 9.1 and the optimal ratio of petrochemical product components (

alkenes
+
monoaromatics

) to worthless products (

polyaromatics
+
cyclic

compounds

) of 4.02. The optimal experimental parameters to achieve these two targets were operated with 10% HZSM-5 and activated alumina. HZSM-5 improved the heating value, oil yield, carbon-number ratio, and pyrolysis oil quality.
Schistonchus pumilae n. sp. isolated from syconia of a creeper fig, Ficus pumila L. from the Japanese warm temperate zone
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi , Tanaka Ryusei , Giblin-Davis Robin M. 
Published: April 2023

Summary
A Schistonchus species was isolated from the syconia of the creeping fig, Ficus pumila, collected from Miyazaki, Japan. The nematode was considered an undescribed species based on its typological characters, molecular profiles (near full length of small subunit and D3 expansion segment of large subunit of RNA) and phylogenetic status inferred from these two loci. The new species is characterised by the presence of flagellate sperm, spicule possessing small condylus, triangular rostrum with bluntly pointed tip and clear dorsal and ventral limbs, structure and arrangement of male caudal papillae, i.e., presence of papilliform P3 and P3a and small and gland opening-like P4 (glandpapillae), relatively short post-uterine sac and female tail forming elongate conoid. It is phylogenetically close to S. hirtus. However, the new species is distinguished from other nominal Schistonchus species by its female tail shape forming elongate conoid, the structure and arrangement of male caudal papillae and several other typological characters. In addition, the host fig of the nematode, F. pumila, is a creeper fig species belonging to subgenus Synoecia (section Rhizocladus; subsection Plagiostigma), from which no fig-associated nematode has been reported so far, i.e., the present study is the first report of Schistonchus (and other syconia-inhabiting nematodes) from the Ficus subgenus Synoecia.
Poland’s Rule of Law Breakdown Continued: Judge Żurek’s Battle for Judicial Independence Within the European Human Rights Framework
Authors: Kozlová Alena 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Judicial independence and rule of law in Poland have been increasingly under challenge before national and European courts. Departing from a case study of Judge Żurek, an emblematic figure of the Polish judicial community prosecuted for criticizing the post-2015 judicial reforms, this article assesses how the European Human Rights framework can play out in a particular case of a judge defending the rule of law in his country. After having outlined the circumstances of his prosecution, it follows his journey to Luxembourg and Strasbourg. Namely, it lays out the legal issues before the Courts and examines the standards they establish, commenting on how they translate into prospects of redress. It finds that, while both the cjeu and the ECtHR establish standards on court transfers, judicial nominations, premature termination of office or the link to freedom of expression, the level of judicial independence required for their successful implementation creates a paradox.
Nasal Sesamoid Cartilages: Fact or Fiction? An Anatomical Study of the Lateral Nasal Ala
Authors: Greenlund Lindsey K. , Tan Stephen R. , Dresner Harley S. 
Published: April 2023

Objectives: To evaluate the presence of cartilage in the lateral nasal ala (LNA) via histological analysis of alar Mohs surgical specimens. An accurate understanding of nasal anatomy is essential to optimize esthetic and reconstructive surgical outcomes. LNA anatomy is typically pictured to include discreet accessory and sesamoid cartilages; however, the authors debate the actual presence of these structures. Methods: A blinded reviewer analyzed 101 lateral nasal alar histologic specimens from 362 tissue blocks using a Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain to assess for the presence of cartilage. Results: Out of the 362 tissue blocks histologically analyzed, only 1 included cartilaginous components. Conclusions: We conclude that the presence of sesamoid and accessory cartilages in the LNA within our sample set is exceedingly rare.
Comparative Performance of Trade Openness and Sovereign Debt Accumulation in Fostering Economic Growth of Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Edo Samson 
Published: April 2023

In the last four decades, sub-Saharan African countries have witnessed a substantial increase in trade openness and sovereign debt (foreign public debt and domestic public debt). The direct and interactive effects of these factors on economic growth are investigated in this study. The investigation covers the period 1980–2020 and employs the generalised method of moment methodology. The estimation results reveal that the direct effect of trade openness and domestic public debt is significantly favourable. The direct effect of foreign public debt is, however, found to be unfavourable. The results also reveal that the interactive effect of trade openness and domestic public debt is significantly favourable, whereas the interactive effect of trade openness and foreign public debt is fairly favourable. The estimation results thus imply that trade openness and sovereign debt are complementary drivers of economic growth in sub-Saharan African countries. In spite of the favourable role of trade openness and sovereign debt, economic growth has yet to achieve the desired level, which does not augur well for employment and welfare. The prospects of growth could be enhanced by strengthening the impact of trade openness and sovereign debt. However, policy makers should be aware of the direct negative impact of foreign public debt on economic growth, and the need to put measures in place to manage it. JEL Codes: F23, H63, F43, O55
Evaluation of the Educational Value of Low-Cost Training Model for Emergency Cricothyrotomy
Authors: Nour Mohammad G. , Moradi Elnaz V. , AlJamal Yazan N. , Arghami Arman , Sadrzadeh Sayyed M. , Assadi Reza 
Published: April 2023

Background In this study, we aimed to evaluate the educational value and students’ satisfaction with the hand-made low-cost cricothyrotomy simulation model. Materials and Methods A low-cost and hand-made model and a high-fidelity model were used to assess the students. The students’ knowledge and satisfaction were evaluated using a 10-item checklist and a satisfaction questionnaire, respectively. Medical interns in the present study participated in a two-hour briefing and debriefing session held in the Clinical Skills Training Center by an emergency attending doctor. Results Based on the results of data analysis, no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of gender, age, the month of internship, and last semester’s grade ( P = .628, .356, .847, and .421, respectively). We also found no significant differences between our groups in terms of the median score of each item in the assessment checklist ( P = .838, .736, .805, .172, .439, .823, .243, .950, .812, and .756, respectively). The study groups had no significant difference in the median total scores of the checklist as well ( P = .504). Regarding the students’ satisfaction, our results showed that interns evaluated their experience of the model as positive (median scores of 4 and 5 out of 5). They also gave the hand-made model a median score of 7 in comparison with the high-fidelity model and 8 out of 10 for its usability. Conclusion The study results showed that a low-cost model could be as effective as an expensive high-fidelity model for teaching the necessary knowledge of cricothyrotomy techniques to medical trainees.
Usability of a new digital walking program for older adults: a pilot study
Authors: Lee Jisan , Ryu Hyeongju 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Walking has been emphasized as an important solution for preventing isolation among older adults, especially given the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and various methods are being proposed to promote walking in this population. In this study, a walking exercise program for the elderly was developed using various latest technologies, and the effectiveness and influencing factors of the program were evaluated.

Method
The walking program for older adults was designed using mHealth devices, social media application, and gamified elements to prevent isolation. Twelve participants were recruited via an online community of retired individuals. This one-year study involved a one-group repeated measures experimental design; an online questionnaire was conducted four times along with a focus group interview.

Result
The results showed that the e-health literacy of the 12 participants increased, while Wearable Device App Literacy/Usability, digital health self-efficacy, and walking program evaluation showed a decline. In the focus group interview, participants expressed their appreciation for this program, ways to overcome its limitations, and expectations for the next program.

Conclusion
This study confirmed the positive effect of the online walking program for retired older adults, indicating that an online-offline convergence program suitable for the “COVID-19 era” will be necessary in the future.
Aorto-ventricular tunnel with three orifices: a unique case report diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography
Authors: Yang Canying , Yang Juesheng , Huang Xiaoning , Wang Jiwei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Aorto-ventricular tunnel (AVT) is an abnormal communication channel between the ascending aorta and the ventricle. It commonly has two orifices, i.e., one aortic opening and one ventricular opening. In this study, we present a unique case of AVT with three orifices: one aortic opening, one LV opening, and one RV opening.

Case presentation
A 64-year-old male presented with chest discomfort and dyspnea on exertion lasting the past six months. Physical examination revealed a grade 4/6 continuous biphasic murmur along the left sternal edge and a grade 3/6 systolic murmur at the apex. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) demonstrated: (1) an AVT with three orifices, i.e., one aortic opening, one LV opening, and one RV opening. The LV and RV openings were located in the left and right ventricular outflow tracts, respectively. (2) The aortic valve (AV) was calcified with a small aneurysm at the non-coronary cusp. (3)The mitral valve (MV) chordal rupture of the P2 and P3 segments was observed in the posterior leaflet with severe eccentric regurgitation. Subsequent coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) further confirmed the diagnosis of AVT with three openings, and clarified the coronary arteries normally arose from the aortic sinuses. The patient was then referred for surgical treatment, consisting of closure of three AVT orifices, AV replacement, and MV replacement. Six months following surgery, the patient was asymptomatic. TTE demonstrated normal mechanic AV and MV function, and there was no residual shunt among the ascending aorta, LV and RV.

Conclusions
It is the first case to report an AVT with three orifices. This paper described the entire process from diagnosis to treatment of this unique case, thus providing some novel insights into AVT.
Additive effects of narrowband light and optical defocus on chick eye growth and refraction
Authors: Chun Rachel Ka-man , Choy Kit-ying , Li King-kit , Lam Thomas Chuen , Tse Dennis Yan-yin , To Chi-ho 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn the past decade and during the COVID pandemic, the prevalence of myopia has reached epidemic proportions. To address this issue and reduce the prevalence of myopia and its complications, it is necessary to develop more effective interventions for controlling myopia. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of narrowband lights and competing defocus on eye growth and refraction in chicks, an important step in understanding the potential for these interventions to control myopia. This is the first time these effects have been characterized.MethodsThree groups of five-day-old chicks (n = 8 per group) were raised in three different lighting conditions: white, red, and blue for 13 days in a 12/12-h light/dark diurnal cycle. One eye was randomly selected for applications of a dual-power optical lens (− 10 D/ + 10 D, 50∶50), while another eye was left untreated as control. Vitreous chamber depth (VCD), axial length (AL), choroidal thickness (CT) and refractive errors were measured at pre-exposure (D0) and following 3 (D3), 7 (D7), 10 (D10), and 13 days (D13) of light exposure.ResultsUnder white light, the dual-power lens induced a hyperopic shift [at D13, mean spherical equivalent refraction (SER), treatedvs.control: 4.81 ± 0.43 Dvs.1.77 ± 0.21 D,P < 0.001] and significantly reduced the progression of axial elongation (at D13, change in AL, treatedvs.control: 1.25 ± 0.04 mmvs.1.45 ± 0.05 mm,P < 0.01). Compared to white light alone, blue light alone induced a hyperopic shift (at D13, mean SER, bluevs.white: 2.75 ± 0.21 Dvs.1.77 ± 0.21 D,P < 0.01) and significantly reduced axial elongation (at D13, change in AL, bluevs.white: 1.17 ± 0.06 mmvs.1.45 ± 0.05 mm,P < 0.01) in control eyes. When comparing all conditions, eyes exposed to blue light plus dual-power lens had the least axial elongation (at D13, change in AL, 0.99 ± 0.05 mm) and were the most hyperopic (at D13, mean SER, 6.36 ± 0.39 D).ConclusionsBoth narrowband blue light and dual-power lens interventions were effective in inducing a hyperopic shift in chicks, and provided protection against myopia development. The combination of these interventions had additive effects, making them potentially even more effective. These findings support the use of optical defocus interventions in combination with wavelength filters in clinical studies testing their effectiveness in treating myopia in children.
A case report of a prolonged decrease in tacrolimus clearance due to co-administration of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in a lung transplant recipient receiving itraconazole prophylaxis
Authors: Tsuzawa Ayumi , Katada Yoshiki , Umemura Keisuke , Sugimoto Mitsuhiro , Nishikawa Asami , Sato Yu-ki , Yoshida Yuko , Kitada Noriaki , Yonezawa Atsushi , Nakajima Daisuke , Date Hiroshi , Terada Tomohiro 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Drug-drug interaction management is complex. Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is a potent cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A inhibitor and influences pharmacokinetics of co-administered drugs. Although there are several reports about drug-drug interactions of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, an influence of a concomitant use of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and another potent CYP3A inhibitor on tacrolimus remains unclear. Here, we experienced a lung transplant patient with the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this patient, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was administered, and the inhibitory effect of itraconazole on CYP3A was prolonged.

Case presentation
We present a case in forties who had undergone lung transplantation. He was administered itraconazole and tacrolimus 1.0 mg/d, with a trough value of 8–12 ng/mL. The patient contracted the COVID-19, and a nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment was initiated. During the antiviral treatment, tacrolimus administration was discontinued for 5 d. Tacrolimus was resumed at 1.0 mg/d after completion of the nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment, but the trough value after 7 d was high at 31.6 ng/mL. Subsequently, the patient was placed on another 36-h tacrolimus discontinuation, but the trough value decreased to only 16.0 ng/mL.

Conclusions
Co-administration of ritonavir caused a prolonged decrease in tacrolimus clearance through its inhibitory effects on CYP3A in a patient taking itraconazole. Management of drug-drug interaction by pharmacists can be important for patients with multiple medications.
BBX7 interacts with BBX8 to accelerate flowering in chrysanthemum
Authors: Zhai Yiwen , Zhu Yuqing , Wang Qi , Wang Guohui , Yu Yao , Wang Lijun , Liu Tao , Liu Shenhui , Hu Qian , Chen Sumei , Chen Fadi , Jiang Jiafu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe quantitative control of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) activation is important for the floral transition in flowering plants. However, the flowering regulation mechanisms in the day-neutral, summer-flowering chrysanthemum plant remain unclear. In this study, the chrysanthemum BBX7 homolog CmBBX7 was isolated and its flowering function was identified. The expression of CmBBX7 showed a diurnal rhythm and CmBBX7 exhibited higher expression levels than CmBBX8. Overexpression of CmBBX7 in transgenic chrysanthemum accelerated flowering, whereas lines transfected with a chimeric repressor (pSRDX-CmBBX7) exhibited delayed flowering. Yeast single hybridization, luciferase, electrophoretic mobility shift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that CmBBX7 directly targets CmFTL1. In addition, we found that CmBBX7 and CmBBX8 interact to positively regulate the expression of CmFTL1 through binding to its promoter. Collectively, these results highlight CmBBX7 as a key cooperator in the BBX8–FT module to control chrysanthemum flowering.
Graphical Abstract
The Effects of Digitalization and GDP Per-Capita Growth on Tax Revenue in ASEAN Countries
Authors: Fajrina Annisa Sekar Irsa , Setiawan Benny 
Published: April 2023

ASEAN’s digital economy is soaring up every year and bring potential additional tax revenue. In many countries, tax revenues dominate total state revenue but six out of ten ASEAN member countries couldn’t optimize its tax revenue hence causing a social inequality and poverty This study aims to analyze the effects of digitalization indicated in internet penetration level and Gross Domestic Product per capita growth on tax revenue in ASEAN countries. Samples consists of 6 countries in ASEAN: Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Cambodia, Phillipines, and Thailand; with dataset of 15 years observation from 2005 to 2019. By using data panel multiple regression analysis in Fixed Effect Model, the results indicate that: (1)digitalization has significant and positive influence on tax revenue, (2) GDP per capita growth has significant and negative influence on tax revenue, and (3) simultaneously digitalization and GDP per capita growth have significant influence on tax revenue.
Clinical features of epilepsy course during COVID-19
Authors: Mikhailov V. A. , Sivakova N. A. , Idrisova Z. K. , Shova N. I. 
Published: April 2023

Background. Currently, a great body of data regarding the link between epilepsy and novel coronavirus infection (NCI) has been accumulated. Numerous studies have paid a great attention to rise in frequency and severity of epileptic seizures as well as failure of remission in individuals suffering from epilepsy.Objective: to study clinical and mental changes during NCI in patients with epilepsy.Material and methods. Fifty patients with epilepsy were examined, who were divided into two groups depending on the NCI history: Group 1 (main) – 25 patients undergone COVID-19 in the period from 2020 to 2022; Group 2 (control) – 25 patients not undergone COVID-19 during the same period. Clinical-anamnestic and psychometric methods were used as well as the following scales and questionnaires: National Hospital Seizure Severity Scale (NHS-3), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale (MOS-SS), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20).Results. In patients with epilepsy who had undergone COVID-19, there was a tendency for more frequent epileptic seizures and increased severity of seizure course. Among such patients, mild depression and more severe asthenia, cognitive impairment, moderate sleep disturbances were more common than in the control group.Conclusion. The NCI pandemic has had a pronounced negative impact on the severity of epilepsy (the underlying disease).