bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fire shapes fungal guild diversity and composition through direct and indirect pathways
Authors: Greenwood Leanne , Nimmo Dale G. , Egidi Eleonora , Price Jodi N. , McIntosh Rachel , Frew Adam 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFire has shaped global ecosystems for millennia by directly killing organisms and indirectly altering habitats and resources. All terrestrial ecosystems, including fire‐prone ecosystems, rely on soil‐inhabiting fungi, where they play vital roles in ecological processes. Yet our understanding of how fire regimes influence soil fungi remains limited and our knowledge of these interactions in semiarid landscapes is virtually absent. We collected soil samples and vegetation measurements from sites across a gradient in time‐since‐fire ages (0–75 years‐since‐fire) and fire frequency (burnt 0–5 times during the recent 29‐year period) in a semiarid heathland of south‐eastern Australia. We characterized fungal communities using ITS amplicon‐sequencing and assigned fungi taxonomically to trophic guilds. We used structural equation models to examine direct, indirect and total effects of time‐since‐fire and fire frequency on total fungal, ectomycorrhizal, saprotrophic and pathogenic richness. We used multivariate analyses to investigate how total fungal, ectomycorrhizal, saprotrophic and pathogenic species composition differed between post‐fire successional stages and fire frequency classes. Time‐since‐fire was an important driver of saprotrophic richness; directly, saprotrophic richness increased with time‐since‐fire, and indirectly, saprotrophic richness declined with time‐since‐fire (resulting in a positive total effect), mediated through the impact of fire on substrates. Frequently burnt sites had lower numbers of saprotrophic and pathogenic species. Post‐fire successional stages and fire frequency classes were characterized by distinct fungal communities, with large differences in ectomycorrhizal species composition. Understanding the complex responses of fungal communities to fire can be improved by exploring how the effects of fire flow through ecosystems. Diverse fire histories may be important for maintaining the functional diversity of fungi in semiarid regions.
Black people's experiences of being asked about adverse childhood experiences in the UK: A qualitative study
Authors: Sødal Eirill Høyland , Huddy Vyv , McKenzie Juliet 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe objectives for this study were to explore Black people's experiences of being asked about ACEs by mental health or counselling professionals, both broadly, and also as part of routine enquiry with a commonly used ACE questionnaire. An additional aim was to understand their perspectives on how services should be asking about ACEs.MethodsThis study used a qualitative methodology, with a critical realist reflexive thematic analysis approach. Ten people who identified as Black and had been asked about ACEs by a mental health professional or counsellor, were interviewed about their experiences and perspectives using semi‐structured interviews.ResultsFour overarching themes, some with subthemes, were established: Trust and safety as individual and systemic (subthemes: Distrust in the system; Distrust in the clinician; Racism in health care; Keeping safe); It is the person, not the questions (subthemes: Being heard and understood; Similarity and difference); Engaged client, ‘hard‐to‐reach’ clinician? and People are not tick‐boxes.ConclusionsThe results highlight that people find it important and useful to be asked about ACEs, if it is done in an appropriate manner. Establishing trust and a therapeutic relationship is key to fostering this. Participants stated that the ACE questionnaire might miss important context, and they relayed a preference for being asked about ACEs using more inclusive definitions of ACEs.
Judokas Exhibit Short Response Latency Even to Non-Judo-Specific External Perturbation: Insights Into the Involuntary Postural Control Ability in Humans
Authors: Sado Natsuki , Fujii Norihisa , Nonaka Eri , Miyazaki Terumitsu 
Published: July 2023

Humans experience unanticipated external postural perturbations and recover their posture faster via involuntary responses than voluntary responses. Previous cross-sectional comparisons between athletes and untrained populations have suggested that daily motor experiences can lead to adaptations in the reflex system, but the temporal aspect of this adaptation has been unclear. Here we show that judokas have an earlier muscle activation response to even non-judo-specific external perturbations compared with an untrained population. The response latency to a backward push-and-release type postural perturbation was compared between male judokas (n = 7, career >13 years, ranging from world champions to prefectural competitors) and untrained nonjudokas (n = 7). Latency was defined as the instant of tibialis anterior muscle activity onset. Judokas exhibited shorter latency (20.6 ± 7.1 ms) than nonjudokas (28.3 ± 8.9 ms). The rank order of latency in judokas did not correlate with their competition performance. We suggest that daily training in responding to perturbations might improve some parts of the sensorimotor pathway relating to postural response latency, and that this excellence in involuntary response is independent of athletic performance. The findings provide a novel perspective for understanding postural control ability in humans.
Inflammatory bowel disease: recent developments
Authors: Ashton James John , Beattie R Mark 
Published: July 2023

Paediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex and heterogenous condition. Incidence of disease in those aged <18 years has doubled over the last 25 years, with concurrent increased prevalence and no decrease in disease severity. The tools available at diagnosis for investigation have developed over the last 10 years, including better utilisation of faecal calprotectin, improved small bowel imaging and video capsule endoscopy. Alongside this, management options have increased and include biological and small molecule therapies targeting alternative pathways (such as interleukin 12/23, integrins and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription, JAK-STAT pathways) and better understanding of therapeutic drug monitoring for more established agents, such as infliximab. Dietary manipulation remains an interesting but contentious topic.This review summarises some of the recent developments in the diagnosis, investigation and management of IBD in children and young people. IBD is increasingly recognised as a continuum of disease, with a proportion of patients presenting with classical Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis phenotypes. Future implementation of personalisation and stratification strategies, including clinical and molecular biomarkers, implementation of predictors of response and outcome and use of additional therapies, will continue to require working within clinical networks and multiprofessional teams.
Surveillance of athlete mental health symptoms and disorders: a supplement to the International Olympic Committee’s consensus statement on injury and illness surveillance
Authors: Mountjoy Margo , Junge Astrid , Bindra Abhinav , Blauwet C , Budgett Richard , Currie Alan , Engebretsen Lars , Hainline Brian , McDuff David , Purcell Rosemary , Putukian Margot , Reardon Claudia L , Soligard Torbjørn , Gouttebarge Vincent 
Published: July 2023

In 2019, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) published a consensus statement outlining the principles for recording and reporting injury and illness in elite sport. The authors encouraged sport federations to adapt the framework to their sport-specific context. Since this publication, several sports have published extensions to the IOC consensus statement.In response to a paucity of epidemiological data on athlete mental health, the IOC mental health working group adapted the IOC consensus statement on injury and illness surveillance to improve the capturing of athlete mental health data. In addition to the members of the working group, other experts and athlete representatives joined the project team to address gaps in expertise, and to add stakeholder perspective, respectively. Following an in-person meeting, the authors worked remotely, applying the scientific literature on athlete mental health to the IOC injury and illness surveillance framework. A virtual meeting was held to reach consensus on final recommendations.Practical outcomes based on the analysis of the scientific literature are provided with respect to surveillance design, data collection and storage, data analysis and reporting of athlete mental health data. Mental health-specific report forms for athlete and health professional utilisation are included for both longitudinal and event-specific surveillance.Ultimately, this publication should encourage the standardisation of surveillance methodology for mental health symptoms and disorders among athletes, which will improve consistency in study designs, thus facilitating the pooling of data and comparison across studies. The goal is to encourage systematic surveillance of athlete mental health.
Predictive value of combining leucocyte and platelet counts for mortality in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients after percutaneous coronary intervention treatment in Chinese population: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yuan Teng , Aisan Aikebai , Maheshati Tunike , Tian Ren , Li Yunxia , Chen You 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveRisk stratification is challenging in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We investigated the prognostic value of a novel score system combining leucocyte and platelet counts (COL-P) scores for in-hospital and long-term adverse outcomes.DesignThis was a retrospective cohort study of patients with STEMI.SettingFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University.ParticipantsA total of 854 STEMI patients with primary PCI were included in this study from November 2009 and December 2015.Primary and secondary outcome measuresMajor adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs).MethodologyThe patients were divided into three groups according to the COL-P scores (0, 1 and 2). Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the relation between adverse outcomes and the COL-P score in patients with STEMI.ResultsA total of 44 patients died in hospital, and 99 within 3-year follow-up after discharge. The in-hospital and 3-year mortality and MACEs were higher in patients with higher COL-P score. Multivariable Cox regression indicated COL-P score was independently associated with long-term mortality (COL-P 1 vs COL-P 0: HR 2.07, 95% CI 1.016 to 5.567, p=0.005; COL-P 2 vs COL-P 0: HR 5.02, 95% CI 1.990 to 9.041, p<0.001).ConclusionThe COL-P score was a useful risk system for stratifying high-risk patients with STEMI after primary PCI.
Protocol for a systematic review of the associations between inflammatory markers and lung function, muscle force and exercise capacity in people with COPD
Authors: Noor Nadhirah Mohd , Mustaffa Zawani , Nizam Alia , Mohd Zim Mohd Arif , Ng Li Whye Cindy , Mirza Fatim Tahirah 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionThe prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been on the rise, with acute exacerbation of COPD associated with the highest burden and multiple pulmonary and systemic consequences. People with COPD have been found to have an abnormal response of systemic inflammation. To date, although limited, there are studies that suggest negative associations between inflammatory markers and important clinical outcomes such as exercise capacity and muscle force. This protocol aims to systematically review the evidence for (i) the associations between inflammatory markers and lung function, muscle force and exercise capacity and (ii) the influence of other factors (eg, hospitalisation, exercise programme) on the level of inflammatory markers in people with COPD.Methods and analysisScopus, PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science and ProQuest will be searched from database inception to February 2023 using PEO search strategy (Population: adults with COPD; Exposure: inflammatory markers; Outcomes: lung function, muscle force and exercise capacity). Four reviewers working in pairs will independently screen articles for eligibility and extract data that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Depending on the design of the included studies, either Cochrane risk-of-bias version 2 or the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale tools will be used to rate the methodological quality of the included studies. Effect sizes reported in each individual study will be standardised to Cohen’s d and a random effects model will be used to calculate the pooled effect size for the association.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is unnecessary as this study will only use publicly available data. The findings will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022284446.
HbA1c recording in patients following a first diagnosis of serious mental illness: the South London and Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre case register
Authors: Bell Nikeysha , Perera Gayan , Chandran David , Stubbs Brendon , Gaughran Fiona , Stewart Robert 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesTo investigate factors associated with the recording of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in people with first diagnoses of serious mental illness (SMI) in a large mental healthcare provider, and factors associated with HbA1c levels, when recorded. To our knowledge this is the first such investigation, although attention to dysglycaemia in SMI is an increasing priority in mental healthcare.DesignThe study was primarily descriptive in nature, seeking to ascertain the frequency of HbA1c recording in the mental healthcare sector for people following first SMI diagnosis.SettingsA large mental healthcare provider, the South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust.ParticipantsUsing electronic mental health records data, we ascertained patients with first SMI diagnoses (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder) from 2008 to 2018.Outcome measuresRecording or not of HbA1c level was ascertained from routine local laboratory data and supplemented by a natural language processing (NLP) algorithm for extracting recorded values in text fields (precision 0.89%, recall 0.93%). Age, gender, ethnic group, year of diagnosis, and SMI diagnosis were investigated as covariates in relation to recording or not of HbA1c and first recorded levels.ResultsOf 21 462 patients in the sample (6546 bipolar disorder; 14 916 schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder; mean age 38.8 years, 49% female), 4106 (19.1%) had at least one HbA1c result recorded from laboratory data, increasing to 6901 (32.2%) following NLP. HbA1c recording was independently more likely in non-white ethnic groups (black compared with white: OR 2.45, 95% CI 2.29 to 2.62), and was negatively associated with age (OR per year increase 0.93, 0.92–0.95), female gender (0.83, 0.78–0.88) and bipolar disorder (0.49, 0.45–0.52).ConclusionsOver a 10-year period, relatively low level of recording of HbA1c was observed, although this has increased over time and ascertainment was increased with text extraction. It remains important to improve the routine monitoring of dysglycaemia in these at-risk disorders.
An open-label pilot trial of faecal microbiome transfer to restore the gut microbiome in anorexia nervosa: protocol
Authors: Wilson Brooke C , Derraik José G B , Albert Benjamin B , Leong Karen S W , Tweedie-Cullen Ry Y , Creagh Christine , Depczynski Marysia , Edwards Taygen , Vatanen Tommi , Thabrew Hiran , Cutfield Wayne S , O'Sullivan Justin M 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionIndividuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) harbour distinct gut microbiomes compared with healthy individuals, which are sufficient to induce weight loss and anxiety-like behaviours when transplanted into germ-free mice. We hypothesise that faecal microbiome transfer (FMT) from healthy donors would help restore the gut microbiome of individuals with AN, which in turn, may aid patient recovery.MethodsWe aim to conduct an open-label pilot study in 20 females aged 16–32 years in Auckland, New Zealand who meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) criteria for AN and have a body mass index 13–19 kg/m2. We will recruit four healthy, lean, female donors, aged 18–32 years, who will undergo extensive clinical screening prior to stool donation. Faecal microbiota will be harvested from donors and double encapsulated in delayed release, acid-resistant capsules. All participants will receive a single course of 20 FMT capsules (five from each donor) which they can choose to take over two or four consecutive days. Stool and blood samples will be collected from participants over a period of 3 months to assess their gut microbiome profile, metabolome, levels of intestinal inflammation and nutritional status. Our primary outcome is a shift in the gut microbiome composition at 3 weeks post-FMT (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity). We will also monitor participants’ body composition (whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans), eating disorder psychopathology, mental health and assess their views on, and tolerability of, treatment. All adverse events will be recorded and reviewed by an independent data monitoring committee.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was provided by the Central Health and Disability Ethics Committee (Ministry of Health, New Zealand, 21/CEN/212). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented to both scientific and consumer group audiences.Trial registration numberACTRN12621001504808.
Protocol: Can coronary artery calcium score identified on thoracic planning CT scans be used and actioned to identify cancer survivors at high risk of cardiac events: A feasibility study in cancer survivors undergoing radiotherapy in Australia
Authors: Dalla Via Jack , Stewart Nina , Kennedy Mary A , Cehic Daniel A , Purnell Peter , Toohey Joanne , Morton Jamie , Ramchand Sabashini K , Lewis Joshua R , Zissiadis Yvonne 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionA coronary artery calcium (CAC) CT scan can identify calcified plaque and predict risk of future cardiac events. Cancer survivors undergoing thoracic radiotherapy routinely undergo a planning CT scan, which presents a unique opportunity to use already obtained medical imaging to identify those at the highest risk of cardiac events. While radiation therapy is an important modality for many cancer treatments, radiation dose to the heart in thoracic radiotherapy leads to cardiotoxicity and may accelerate pre-existing atherosclerosis. The primary aims of this study are to investigate the feasibility of using CAC scores calculated on thoracic radiotherapy planning CT scans to identify a subset of cancer survivors at an increased risk of future cardiac events, and to establish and evaluate a referral pathway for assessment and management in a cardio-oncology clinic. An optional substudy aims to investigate using abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) as a practical, low-radiation alternative to CAC to evaluate and monitor vascular health.Methods and analysisThis is an observational, prospective study in a minimum of 100 cancer survivors commencing radiotherapy. Participants will have CAC scored from thoracic radiotherapy planning CT scans. Those identified as high risk (CAC score>0) will be referred to a cardio-oncology clinic. Feasibility, determined by adherence to the recommended pathway, and impact on quality of life and anxiety measured via questionnaire, will be assessed. Participants in Western Australia will be invited to participate in a 12-month observational pilot substudy, investigating lifestyle behaviours and the use of a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry machine to measure musculoskeletal health and AAC.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney (Project number 2021/ETH11847), GenesisCare and Edith Cowan University (2022-03326-DALLAVIA). Study results will be reported in peer-reviewed academic journals, at scientific conferences, and at clinical forums, irrespective of the results observed.Trial registration numberACTRN12621001343897.
Association of follicle-stimulating hormone with lipid profiles in older women: a cross-sectional SPECT-China study
Authors: Zhang Wen , Chen Yingchao , Zhang Xian , Chen Yi , Han Bing , Li Qin , Xia Fangzhen , Zhai Hualing , Wang Ningjian , Lu Yingli 
Published: July 2023

AimsFollicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is associated with higher risks of metabolic syndrome and diabetes in menopausal women. We aimed to investigate whether FSH was associated with the lipid profile in women older than 55 years.DesignThe data were obtained from a cross-sectional study.ParticipantsOur data were from the Survey on Prevalence in East China for Metabolic Diseases and Risk Factors (China, including Shanghai and Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Anhui provinces). A total of 1795 women older than 55 years were selected.MethodsMorning serum sex hormones and lipid profiles were measured. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to analyse the data.ResultsLower FSH was associated with lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and higher triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C ratio and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/HDL-C ratio (all p for trend <0.05) after adjusting for age and other sex hormones. After further adjustment for body mass index, diabetes and hypertension, the associations of FSH with the lipid profile weakened, but the associations of FSH quartiles with HDL-C and the TC/HDL-C ratio were still significant (both p for trend <0.05). Compared with women in the highest FSH quartile, the odds of low HDL-C (HDL-C<1.04 mmol/L) in women in the lowest FSH quartile were 5.25 (95% CI 1.60 to 17.26) (p for trend <0.05) in the fully adjusted model, and the odds of TC≥6.22 mmol/L, TGs≥2.26 mmol/L and LDL-C≥4.14 mmol/L were not significant. Luteinising hormone did not show a significant association with dyslipidaemia.ConclusionLower FSH was associated with a worse lipid profile in women older than 55. Diabetes, adiposity and hypertension mostly explained the association of FSH with TGs and the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio but only partially explained the associations of FSH with HDL-C and the TC/HDL-C ratio.