bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetation index value on chili leaves with symptoms of geminivirus disease (case study in Konda district, Konawe Selatan regency, Southeast Sulawesi)
Authors: Taufik M , Firihu M Z , Hasan A , Variani V I , Gusnawaty H S , Botek M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Expression of symptoms on chili plants infected with the Geminivirus can vary. This variation can be determined by viral satellite DNA (alphasatellites, betasatellites, deltasatelites) and the degree of plant resistance. The visual limitations of the human eye become an obstacle in recognizing and assessing the severity of plant virus symptoms in the field. It is hoped that an assessment method based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) value obtained from the processing of symptomatic plant images is expected to be a solution. No precise information has been found regarding the magnitude of the NDVI value in each variation of virus symptoms in chili plants. It can be an obstacle in the application of this method. The study aimed to measure the value of NDVI for each variation in the symptoms of virus-infected chili plants. Field survey activities accompanied by image recording of symptomatic and asymptomatic plants were carried out in curly chili plantations (as a model plant) in Konda District, South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. Plant image recording was carried out during the day using a Canon 750D DSLR camera equipped with an NDVI lens filter, followed by image processing using the Fiji-ImageJ application + the Photo Monitoring plugin. The results showed that plants with various symptoms of severe mottle, narrow leaves, uneven leaf surface, mosaic, and stunting had an average NDVI index higher than 0.269 and a lower standard deviation value of 0.024 compared to other variations of symptoms.
Use of Tower System in Vertical Farming Technique
Authors: Putri R E , Oktavionry P A , Arlius F , Putri I , Hasan A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Vertical agriculture in urban areas is a new phenomenon where interest is needed in order to develop. The objective of the research is to develop the tower system in vertical farming technique. In this research, tower could produce 624 plants. This tower is made using PVC pipe with 26 holes per tower. Each set of towers is equipped with an irrigation system, namely a water pump to drain nutrient water in the pipe. The way this monitoring system works is that the ESP 32 Series is connected to a voltage source so that it will be integrated to turn on and the system will check the ESP 32 Series connection with the internet. Sensors will be active and read data, when the DHT22 sensor detects a temperature of 33° then the fan will turn on, also if humidity <60% then the misting will turn on. The monitoring system works well. Data from temperature and humidity readings can be controlled and known. The average plant height of Bok choy is 8.89 cm, leaf width is 7.40 cm, leaf length is 10.33 cm, and the number of leaves is 10.24 strands. So, this system recommended to increasing the production in urban area.
Estimation of Rice Plant Growth Phase in Gunung Talang District Based on Vegetation Index
Authors: Yanti D , Safira S , Tjandra M A , Permata D A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Determining the growth phase of rice plants is an efficient approach to get the right cultivation step. Remote sensing technology can provide solutions and convenience in monitoring the growth phase of rice plants through a spatial analysis covering a relatively large area. One of the remote sensing sensors that can capture images of the location with its specifications is the MODIS sensor carried by satellites, which uses NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) values. This research aims to determine the regression equation and the range of NDVI values to predict the growing phase of rice plants in Gunung Talang District. Making a working map for observations in the field is the beginning of the research. Observation location is a grid that covers a rice field area of 45%, data obtained from image processing using ArcGis. Regression analysis between plant age (days after planting) and NDVI values to get the equation and range of NDVI values based on the growing phase. Based on the analysis, the regression equation used to predict the age of plants in determining the phase of rice growth in Gunung Talang District with y as the NDVI value = -0.0001009781 x2 + 0.0134279009 x + 0.2870285679, x as the age of rice plants (days after planting) the value of the coefficient of determination (R2) of the regression equation is 0.82. The range of values of each phase is the aqueous phase <0.4552; vegetative phase (1) 0.4552-0.6910; vegetative phase (2) 0.6910-0.7314; generative phase (1) 0.7314-0.6570; generative phase (2) 0.6570-0.5423 and fallow phase 0.3261-0.443.
Introducing a new variety of interspecific Acacia hybrid (Acacia mangium × A. auriculiformis) for renewable biomass energy
Authors: Sunarti S , Nirsatmanto A , Kartikawati N K , Putri A I , Herawan T , Haryjanto L , Lestari F , Rimbawanto A , Ramadan A , Herdyantara B 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
An interspecific Acacia hybrid between Acacia mangium and A. auriculiformis has various phenotypic characteristics. The hybrid progenies usually show better growth which is important to support wood-based industry. However, information on other potential uses of the species for renewable biomass energy was still limited. This study aims to observe the potency of Acacia hybrid as raw material for renewable bioenergy. The study was done in three permanent plots in clonal trial of Acacia hybrid established in Central Java following the method of SNI 7724-2011. The tree morphologies were characterized including stem form, branching, and crown-shape characteristic. Wood biomass and energy potential of the species was observed and derived from the growth and wood basic density. The result showed that there was various tree morphology in terms of leaf and stem form within the Acacia hybrid trees. At six years of age, the average of wood biomass was 37.85 Mg.ha−1 derived from the average of 13.9 m (height), 16.5 cm (DBH), and 567 kg.m−3 (wood basic density). While the estimated energy potential ranged from 14.50 to 21.99 toe.ha−1. The results of the study indicate that wood from the Acacia hybrid would be the potential resources for renewable biomass energy.
Renewable Energy Test - Biogas As Fuel In Otto Cycle
Authors: Siahaan Herbert Hasudungan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The use of renewable energy such as biogas is a must to support the achievement of the targets that have been echoed through the go green campaign, namely public awareness of the clean air environment. The power of the otto cycle combustion engine is highly dependent on the conversion and heat of combustion (% CH4 in biogas) as well as the stoichiometric fuel-air ratio requirements. A performance test of the otto cycle motor fueled with biogas with various methane contents has been carried out. It was found that biogas with 95% CH4 at 3000 rpm produces the highest power of 3.906 kW, compared to the power of gasoline, but with a 4.8% decrease in power. Meanwhile, the average power produced from biogas with 55% CH4 content is 2,296 kW. The average torque of the biogas engine (95% CH4) is 7,609 (N.m) and the highest is 9,014 (N.m), but still 24% lower than the gasoline engine. The most efficient operation of the engine fueled with biogas was observed at 1,831 L/h biogas consumption as opposed to 1.4 L/h when the engines was run using gasoline. In other words, a lower % of CH4 was attained with a x% increase in fuel consumption. The average specific fuel consumption (SFC) of biogas (95% CH4) is 0.717 kg/kW.h, on the other hand, the gasoline engine is 0.395 kg/kW.h. The highest thermal efficiency of a biogas engine attained at maximum loading can match the efficiency of an ideal gasoline engine, which is close to 25%.
Value chains and market analysis for the potential commodity of Tuah Tani Tonggak Negeri forest farmers group
Authors: Kurniawan H , Sutrisno E , Frianto D , Yunianto AS , Novriyanti E , Wahyudi A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The pattern of community involvement in forest edges has become a new trend in forest area management. KHDTK Kepau Jaya deployed a collaborative peat forest management program through the empowerment of the Forest Farmers Group (KTH) Tuah Tani Tonggak Negeri in a conservation partnership scheme. Therefore, the types of commodities with the most expanse potential were then identified. Furthermore, it was necessary to analyze the market chain, supply chain, and value-added from the potential commodities. This study employed a qualitative descriptive SWOT analysis while the market chain and value-added were analyzed by using value chain analysis by the Hayami method. The results found that red chili was the most potential commodity to be cultivated in the area of KHDTK Kepau Jaya by the KTH. This commodity had a turnover of IDR 47,000,000. The levels of the marketing chain were generally simple. Even though the biggest profit was obtained by UD Anugrah Tani, in this case, the largest percentage of added value per unit commodity was obtained by the farmers. The total value added in the first and second supply chain types were IDR 52,250,000 and IDR 4,562,000, respectively.
Approximate of C/N Ratio for Ameliorant Formulations from Local Resources in Horticultural Production Centers, Banuhampu Agam
Authors: Herviyanti  , Maulana A , Lita A L , Fathi A N M , Monikasari M , Amalia F , Guspita A , Nursyam E A , Putri A M I , Habazar T , Noer M , Lita R P , Refdi C W 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of organic matter refers to the proportion of carbon to nitrogen present and is the basis for determining the quality of ameliorant. Amelioration technology is a solution for increasing soil and plant productivity in an agricultural area using local resources (biomass and waste). This study aims to determine the estimated C/N ratio of the formulation of ameliorant. This research used a completely randomised design with three replications of fifteen treatments by four formulation ameliorants. The primary local resources are biochar from bamboo biomass, green fertiliser from Tithonia diversifolia, chicken manure from livestock waste, and compost from agricultural waste. The estimated C/N ratio for the formulation of ameliorant from local resources in the Horticultural Production Center of Banuhampu Agam is 2.89 (TGF+CM) to 17.75 [biochar bamboo (BB)]. It explains that organic substrates sourced experience rapid mineralisation and release N so that N is available for plant absorption. The correlation of C/N on the characteristics of ameliorant formulations shows that it has a significant effect on C [r = 0.720** or C = 0.1689 (C/N) + 3.2857; R2 = 0.5185] and N [r = -0.763** or N = - 0.051(C/N) + 1.1629; R2 = 0.5815]. The results of the formulation of ameliorant from local resources show that the Organic C of 2.53% (BB+TGF) until 7.59% [biochar bamboo (BB)] have a positive correlation and Total N of 0.29% [Thitonia green fertiliser (TGF)] until 1.30% (TGF+CM+CA) have a negative correlation to C/N ratio. Adding BB can increase the C/N ratio of the ameliorant formulation due to its carbon sequestration and using TGF+CM for the lower C/N ratio application needed.
The effects of different pineapple wastes on soil chemical properties and growth and yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)
Authors: Kamaruddin N F H , Adam S , Boll Kassim N Q 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The high demand for pineapple fruit generates several waste products that can be recycled through composting. This study examined the impact of pineapple waste compost on the chemical properties of soil and its effect on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). T0 (control), T1 (pineapple peel compost), and T2 (pineapple core compost) of pineapple compost were added to the okra growth medium, and these treatments were arranged in a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) along with five replications. The pineapple peel and core compost were applied at a homogeneous rate (10% of the volume of the polybag). The treatments were applied one week before the transplants of the okra seedlings. Base fertiliser NPK Green (15:15:15) was applied one week after transplanting, with the same amount for all treatments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare all of the data in this study, and the Tukey Test to separate the statistically different means at p<0.05. There was no significant (p≥0.05) variation in plant growth characteristics such as plant height, leaf number, fruit number, root length, and plant biomass in this study. Pineapple peel compost (T1) showed better growth performance than other treatments except for the parameter of root length. The application of pineapple waste compost enhanced soil pH, macronutrients (K, Ca, and Mg), and micronutrients (Zn, Cu, and Mn). However, no significant (p≥0.05) differences were identified except for soil pH, exchangeable calcium (Ca), and total zinc (Zn). Using both composts revealed that they could improve the chemical properties of the soil, which led to better plant growth compared to the control treatment (T0).
Removal of Ammonium by Biochar Derived from Exhausted Coffee Husk (ECH) at Different Carbonisation Parameter
Authors: Puari A.T , Rusnam  , Yanti N.R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The present of nitrogen compounds in the form of ammonium (NH4
+) can contribute to serious pollution problems in surface water and groundwater. Among the most competitive ways, the physical removal method using low-cost biosorbent is considered an effective technique. However, compared to heavy metals and organic, less effort has been dedicated to exploring the potential ability of biochar as a biosorbent for ammonium removal. This study was focused on investigating the adsorption capacity of biochar from exhausted coffee husk (ECH) on ammonium in the aqueous solution. The biochar was produced at the different carbonization temperature (400 – 700 °C) and carbonization time (1-4h). The results showed that carbonization temperature of 700 °C during 1h of carbonization time was resulted in the highest adsorption capacity which was 1,13 mg/g of NH4
+. Several characterizations were conducted for observing surface morphological and pores area with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Brunauer Emmert Teller (BET), respectively. The results showed that the pores were developed with the increasing temperature and resulted in higher absorbance.
Yield and biomass under the different water levels on three Japonica rice cultivars
Authors: Ichwan N , Oue H , Yuliawan T , Augustine U 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Water level management is one factor in producing a higher rice yield. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of different water levels on the yield and biomass of three Japonica rice cultivars, i.e., Nikomaru (NM), Himenorin (HR), and Hinohikari (HH). Rice was transplanted in totally nine plastic boxes with dimensions of 96.0 x 45.8 x 35.8 cm, and with a soil particle density of 1.46 g cm−3. Each box contained 10 hills of rice with 3 seedlings per hill. Water levels were controlled as 2, 5, and 10 cm for each cultivar from 70 days after transplanting. We measured yield and biomass from 3 selected plants on each box. The highest yield was obtained with 5 cm for NM, with 10 cm for HR, and with 10 cm for HH as 7.68, 7.73, and 6.90 t ha−1, respectively. For NM, yield with 10 cm was 4.4% lower than with 5 cm, however, the harvest index (HI) with 10 cm was higher compared with 5 cm due to the lower biomass, but not significantly. Both for HR and HH, HI with 10 cm was the highest. We suggested that keeping the water level at 10 cm could produce a higher grain yield compared with shallower water level ponding for all cultivars.
Effects of Long Blanching Time on Nutritional Composition of Seablite (Suaeda Maritima) Flour
Authors: Maflahah I , Supriyanto S , Asfan DF 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Seablite (Suaeda Maritima) can be used as raw material for functional salt. This study aims to determine the effect of blanching time on the nutritional composition of seablite: moisture, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, salinity, and vitamin A. The research design used a wholly randomized non-factorial design with variations in blanching time (0, 3, 6, and 9 minutes). Making saeblite flour begins with cleaning the Seablite, blanching according to the time specified in the research design, draining, and flouring to make it into Seablite flour. Based on the results of blanching time analysis on the nutritional composition of seablite, there was an interaction between the length of blanching time on the moisture content, ash content, carbohydrate content, vitamin A, and salinity of seablite plant flour. Still, there was no reaction between the length of blanching time on the protein and fat content of seablite plant flour.
The effect of surimi formulation on the physical and organoleptic quality of kambu crab in Salemo Island
Authors: Riastutik D N , Syarifuddin A , Tawali A B 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The by product of crab processing in the form of shells can be processed into kambu crab, a special food from Salemo Island, Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi. Indonesia. Kambu crab is now rare because it is made from crab meat which is an expensive commodity. One effort to take advantage of this by-product is to make kambu crab based on barracuda fish surimi. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of surimi formulation on the physical and organoleptic qualities of kambu crabs. The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with surimi formulation treatment with a mixture of tapioca flour and sago flour, namely P1=80%:0%, P2=70%:10%, P3=60%:20%, P4=50%:30%, P5=40%:40%. The parameters observed in this study were organoleptic tests including aroma, taste, and texture while the physical tests include folding test, bite test, water holding capacity, and elasticity. Based on the results of organoleptic tests on aroma, taste and texture, the best assessment was obtained in treatment P2 = 70%:10% with the results of physical analysis including folding and biting tests, namely 3.61 and 6.48, water holding capacity of 60.10% and elasticity of 0.45 (kg/cm2/second).
The effect of adding syzygium cumini on the quality of the piper retrofractum vahl product
Authors: Hidayat K , Mu’tamar M F F , Firmansyah R A , Auliyana M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Piper retrofractum Vahl is one type of medicinal plant that the people of Indonesia often use. Piper retrofractum Vahl contains piperine alkaloids, cavicin, piperidine, saponins, polyphenols, essential oils, palmitic acid, and tetrahydropiperic acid. Syzygium cumini contains anthocyanins such as a source of antioxidants. Therefore, it is necessary to research the effect of the concentration of the addition of Syzygium cumini on the product quality of Piper retrofractum Vahl. The research method used in this study was a factorial, completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments and three repetitions. Analysis of the tests used was brewing time, color test, sensory test, and polyphenol content test. The results of this study indicate that based on the test, the brewing time of the Piper retrofractum Vahl formulation with the addition of Syzygium cumini, according to the panelists’ preference, is 5 minutes. The results of the test of polyphenol levels in the Piper retrofractum Vahl formulation with the addition of Syzygium cumini, which contains a lot of polyphenols, namely in treatment 6:1 with a brewing time of 3 minutes, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes the polyphenol content is 4.88 mg/100g; 6.65 mg/100g; and 7.05 mg/100g.
Antifungal activity of Ageratum conyzoides extract against Fusarium oxysporum in Musa spp
Authors: Nur Hazirah M F , Hamizah O , Wan Natasya W A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Ageratum conyzoides though considered an invasive, troublesome weed has been proven beneficial due to its antifungal properties, making it a promising component for the development of environmentally friendly fungicides. In this study, the plant extract derived from Ageratum conyzoides is tested for its antifungal property against Fusarium oxysporum, fungi that have been causing devastating disease among the banana plant also known as the Fusarium wilt or Panama disease. In vitro antifungal assay of the plant extract with different concentrations (4%, 6%, 8% and 10%) derived from several parts of the plant, such as the leaf, inflorescence and stem were tested against the Fusarium oxysporum by using poisoned food technique and its mycelial growth are recorded to calculate the inhibition percentage. From the study, all the plant extracts derived from the different parts were able to inhibit the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum although maximum inhibition was observed on the inflorescence extract with 10% concentration, followed by leaf extract with 8% concentration and stem extract with 10% concentration. In conclusion, there is a possibility for Ageratum conyzoides plant extract with higher concentration to pose as a natural fungicide against Panama disease.
Discriminate geographical origin of cabe jamu (Piper retrofractum vahl) using nir spectral fingerprints– a short review
Authors: Mu’tamar M F F , Hidayat K , Mahardika A P , Firmansyah R A , Sucipto S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cabe jamu is categorized as the primary material for the jamu industry because it contains an active compound that provides a health benefit. Furthermore, some area in east java is known as the central production of cabe jamu. Almost 80% of the plant area is located at Madura Island, covering Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan, and Sumenep. Agricultural products have different characteristics when planted at different locations because of climate, soil, and environmental condition. However, counterfeit practice deteriorates the specialty of products for economic purposes. Several techniques were developed detection system of products based on geographical origin or authenticity. This paper aims to explore potential technology that is able to evaluate the authentication of products and potentially applied to cabe jamu. Overall, several strategies were obtained from this literature study to provide the high-accuracy classification of cabe jamu related to geographical origin: Coupling NIR spectroscopy with chemometrics, utilization of multiple techniques like other vibrational spectroscopy or non-vibrational spectroscopy, and use of data fusion approach to elevate the accuracy of the classification model.
Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of TiO2-silica composites for dye-sensitized solar cell electrode
Authors: Sule R. , Makinde O.C , Usikalu M. R. , Olawole O.C 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe current world energy crisis and increase in global temperature has further necessitated the need to conduct more research on solar cells. Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) remain one of the cheapest solar cell technologies, but it has inherent challenges. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) remains one of the suitable electrode materials, but it requires modification to withstand the current solar cells technology problems. In this paper, silica was produced from rice husk and incorporated into TiO2to tailor its wide band gap. Hydrothermal method was used to synthesizeTiO2-silica composites at 150°C. The energy band gap of virgin TiO2, TiO2-4.8 wt% silica and 20 wt% silica was found to be 3.73 eV, 2.91 eV and 2.85 eV respectively. The addition of 4.8 wt% silica resulted in good stability of anatase TiO2compared to the 20 wt% silica judging from the absorbance plots.