bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thickness of commercial blenderized formulas adversely affects successful delivery via enteral feeding pumps
Authors: Murayi Judy‐April , Evenson Elizabeth , Verkin‐Siebert Debbie , Fisher Miranda , Bartosiewicz Samantha , Baade Morgan , Manville Kaylee , Goday Praveen S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere has been a renewed focus on offering commercial formulas made with real‐food ingredients because of their perceived health benefits, such as improved feeding tolerance and gut health. Children receiving enteral nutrition through these formulas often are fed via feeding pumps. Because these formulas vary in thickness, we aimed to explore the relationship between formula thickness and prescribed formula delivery via feeding pumps. We hypothesized that inaccurate volumes of commercial blenderized formula (CBF) are delivered via feeding pumps and that these inaccuracies are directly proportional to the thickness of the formula.MethodsWe performed International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) tests for six de‐identified CBFs. We then ran these formulas over three feeding pumps using nasogastric and gastric tubes and simulated continuous and bolus feeds. We calculated the difference between programmed volume and actual delivered volume.ResultsModerate and extremely thick formulas (IDDSI level 3–4) delivered a median of 22.5% less volume than programmed in the pump (P < 0.001). In addition, there was a 25.5% reduction in delivered volume for thick formulas compared with thin formulas. This occurred despite using the manufacturer's recommendations for suggested tube size.ConclusionThicker CBF can provide inaccurate volumes via feeding pumps, which may contribute to poor weight gain when children are switched to these formulas. Based on these findings, we recommend best practices for using these formulas. More studies are needed to investigate the best formula consistency to optimize delivery and caloric intake.
Estimation of 24‐hour urinary creatinine excretion from patient variables: A novel approach to identify patients with low muscle mass and malnutrition and relationship to outcomes
Authors: Hiller Lynn , Foulis Philip , Goldsmith Susan , Epps James , Wright Lauri 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundLow muscle mass has been correlated with adverse outcomes in patients who are critically ill. Methods to identify low muscularity such as computed tomography scans or bioelectrical impedance analyses are impractical for admission screening. Urinary creatinine excretion (UCE) and creatinine height index (CHI) are associated with muscularity and outcomes but require a 24‐h urine collection. The estimation of UCE from patient variables avoids the need for a 24‐h urine collection and may be clinically useful.MethodsVariables of age, height, weight, sex, plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose, sodium, potassium, chloride, and carbon dioxide from a deidentified data set of 967 patients who had UCE measured were used to develop models to predict UCE. The model identified with the best predictive ability was validated and then retrospectively applied to a separate sample of 120 veterans who were critically ill to examine if UCE and CHI predicted malnutrition or were associated with outcomes.ResultsA model was identified that included variables of plasma creatinine, BUN, age, and weight and was found to be highly correlated, moderately predictive of UCE, and statistically significant. Patients with model‐estimated CHI  60% had significantly lower body weight, body mass index, plasma creatinine, and sera albumin and prealbumin levels; were 8.0 times more likely to be diagnosed with malnutrition; and were 2.6 times more likely to be readmitted in 6 months.ConclusionA model that predicts UCE offers a novel method to identify patients with low muscularity and malnutrition on admission without the use of invasive tests.
Evaluating the use of methods to mitigate bias from non‐transient medications in the case‐crossover design: A systematic review
Authors: Huang Hsiao‐Ching , Li Wen‐Chin , Tadrous Mina , Schumock Glen T. , Touchette Daniel , Awadalla Saria , Lee Todd A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeThe case‐crossover design is a self‐controlled study design used to compare exposure immediately preceding an event occurrence with exposure in earlier control periods. The design is most suitable for transient exposures in order to avoid biases that can be problematic when using the case‐crossover design for non‐transient (i.e., chronic) exposures. Our goal was to conduct a systematic review of case‐crossover studies and its variants (case‐time‐control and case‐case‐time‐control) in order to compare design and analysis choices by medication type.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search to identify recent case‐crossover, case‐time‐control, and case‐case‐time‐control studies focused on medication exposures. Articles indexed in MEDLINE and EMBASE using these study designs that were published between January 2015 and December 2021 in the English language were identified. Reviews, methodological studies, commentaries, articles without medications as the exposure of interest, and articles with no available full text were excluded. Study characteristics including study design, outcome, risk window, control window, reporting of discordant pairs, and inclusion of sensitivity analyses were summarized overall and by medication type. We further evaluated the implementation of recommended methods to account for biases introduced by non‐transient exposures among articles that used the case‐crossover design on a non‐transient exposure.ResultsOf the 2036 articles initially identified, 114 articles were included. The case‐crossover was the most common study design (88%), followed by the case‐time‐control (17%), and case‐case‐time‐control (3%). Fifty‐three percent of the articles included only transient medications, 35% included only non‐transient medications, and 12% included both. Across years, the proportion of case‐crossover articles evaluating a non‐transient medication ranged from 30% in 2018 to 69% in 2017. We found that 41% of the articles that evaluated a non‐transient medication did not apply any of the recommended methods to account for biases and more than half of which were conducted by authors with no previous publication history of case‐crossover studies.ConclusionUsing the case‐crossover design to evaluate a non‐transient medication remains common in pharmacoepidemiology. Researchers should apply appropriate design and analysis choices when opting to use a case‐crossover design with non‐transient medication exposures.
Long‐term conservation and conventional tillage systems impact physical and biochemical soil health indicators in a corn–soybean rotation
Authors: Sangotayo Anuoluwa O. , Chellappa Jemila , Sekaran Udayakumar , Bansal Sangeeta , Angmo Padma , Jasa Paul , Kumar Sandeep , Iqbal Javed 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAgricultural management practices tend to influence soil structure stabilization, mediating many physical, chemical, and biological processes in soils. Therefore, understanding the long‐term effects of management practices on various soil health indicators is crucial to develop sustainable agricultural practices. This study aimed to assess the long‐term conventional and conservation tillage effects on soil physical (aggregates) and biochemical (soil organic carbon [SOC], enzymes, and microbial biomass) parameters under a range of tillage practices in a corn–soybean rotation in Nebraska. The experiment was conducted at two locations as follows: (1) Concord site (36 years) with the three treatments: no‐till (NT), disk, and moldboard plow; and (2) Lincoln site (40 years) with four tillage treatments: NT, double disk, chisel, and moldboard plow. Results showed that NT at both sites significantly increased SOC concentration by 24%–66% compared to moldboard plow. Similarly, double disk tillage increased SOC by 54% compared to the moldboard plow at the Lincoln site. Arylsulfatase, β‐glucosidase, hot‐ and cold‐water extractable carbon, microbial biomass carbon, and nitrogen concentrations significantly decreased with the increased tillage intensity at both sites. This implies that the NT increased these parameters compared to the disk and moldboard plow. However, aggregate size fraction 0.053–0.25 mm was the only parameter higher under moldboard plow (20.8%) than NT. Overall, the results from these long‐term studies indicate that NT, and to a lesser extent the reduced tillage practice of disk till, can improve soil health more than conventional tillage practices under a corn–soybean cropping system, suggesting the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices to improve soil health.
Chirality‐Induced Spin Selectivity of Chiral 2D Perovskite Enabling Efficient Spin‐Dependent Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Lee Hyungsoo , Ma Sunihl , Oh Seungtae , Tan Jeiwan , Lee Chan Uk , Son Jaehyun , Park Young Sun , Yun Juwon , Jang Gyumin , Moon Jooho 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe sluggish and complex multi‐step oxygen evolution reaction remains an obstacle to bias‐free photoelectrochemical water‐splitting systems. Several theoretical studies have suggested that spin‐aligned intermediate radicals can significantly enhance the kinetic rates for oxygen generation. Herein, it is reported that the chirality‐induced spin selectivity phenomena can become an impressive approach by adopting chiral 2D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites as a spin‐filtering layer on the photoanode. This chiral 2D perovskite‐based water‐splitting device achieves enhanced oxygen evolution performance with a reduced overpotential of 0.14 V, high fill factor, and 230% increased photocurrent compared to a device without a spin‐filtering layer. Moreover, combined with a superhydrophobic patterning strategy, this device realizes excellent operational stability by sustaining ≈90% of the initial photocurrent, even after 10 h.
Ligandability and druggability assessment via machine learning
Authors: Di Palma Francesco , Abate Carlo , Decherchi Sergio , Cavalli Andrea 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDrug discovery is a daunting and failure‐prone task. A critical process in this research field is represented by the biological target and pocket identification steps as they heavily determine the subsequent efforts in selecting a putative ligand, most often a small molecule. Finding “ligandable” pockets, namely protein cavities that may accept a drug‐like binder is instrumental to the more general and drug discovery oriented “druggability” estimation process. While high‐throughput experimental techniques exist to identify putative binding sites other than the orthosteric one, these techniques are relatively expensive and not so commonly available in labs. In this regard, computational means of detecting ligandable pockets are advisable for their inexpensiveness and speed. These methods can become, in principle, particularly predictive when supported by machine learning methodologies that provide the modeling framework. As with any data‐driven effort, the outcome critically depends on the input data, its featurization process and possible associated biases. Also, the machine learning task, (supervised/unsupervised) the learning method, and the possible usage of molecular dynamics data considerably shape the inherent assumptions of the modeling step. Defining a proper quantitative thermodynamic and/or kinetic score (or label) is key to the modeling process; here we revise literature and propose residence time as a novel ideal indicator of ligandability. Interestingly the vast majority of the methods does not keep into consideration kinetics nor thermodynamics when devising predictors.This article is categorized under:
Data Science > Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Data Science > Chemoinformatics
Intraoperative Analgesiesteuerung: Analgesie Nociception Index (ANI) vs. „standard care“ bei Hysterektomien unter Sevoflurannarkose
Authors: Kunst A. M. , Wulf H. , Stegemann B. , Fiehn A. 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Während zu klinischer Überwachung und Kontrolle von Hypnose und Muskelrelaxation validierte Methoden im Anästhesiealltag existieren, basiert die Einschätzung der Analgesie immer noch überwiegend auf der Interpretation klinischer Vitalparameter. In der vorliegenden klinischen Studie wurde untersucht, ob die Verwendung eines „Nozizeption-Monitors“ zur Erfassung des intraoperativen Analgetikabedarfs der bisherigen Analyse der Vitalparameter überlegen ist. Zur quantitativen Erfassung der Analgesie wurde der Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI; Fa. MDoloris, Lille, France) verwendet. Dieser beruht auf der Analyse der atemabhängigen Herzfrequenzvariabilität.

Methode
Es handelt sich um eine klinische prospektive randomisierte kontrollierte Einfachblindstudie an 110 Patientinnen, welche sich einer laparoskopischen Hysterektomie in balancierter Anästhesie in der Agaplesion Diakonie Kliniken Kassel unterzogen.
Bei der Interventionsgruppe (ANI) erfolgte die intraoperative Analgetikagabe unter Verwendung des ANI-Monitors, wohingegen in der Vergleichsgruppe (VER) die Analgetikadosierung nach bisherigen klinischen Parametern (Vitalparameter, intraoperative Abwehrbewegungen) erfolgte. Anschließend wurden die Gruppen im Hinblick auf intraoperativen Opioidverbrauch (Fentanyl), postoperative Schmerzen und opioidinduzierte Nebenwirkungen sowie Patientenzufriedenheit am 3. postoperativen Tag verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden 101 Patientinnen analysiert. Unsere Beobachtungen ergaben einen höheren durchschnittlichen intraoperativen Fentanylverbrauch in der Interventionsgruppe, bedingt durch eine signifikant höhere Anzahl an Einzelgaben (0,54 vs. 0,44 mg, p < 0,001). Bezüglich der weiteren Beobachtungspunkte gab es kaum Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen. Bei der Patientenbefragung am 3. postoperativen Tag ergab sich ein Unterschied bezüglich einer höheren subjektiv geschilderten Vigilanzminderung in der ANI-Gruppe, nicht jedoch anderer Nebenwirkungen oder der Zufriedenheit mit der Schmerztherapie insgesamt.

Schlussfolgerung
Eine Optimierung der Schmerztherapie durch intraoperative Zuhilfenahme des Analgesia-Nociception-Index(ANI)-Monitors bei Hysterektomiepatientinnen unter balancierter Anästhesie mit Sevofluran und Fentanyl konnte demzufolge nicht nachgewiesen werden.
Fear of COVID and Physical Health Among People Living with HIV in China: Mediation Effects of HIV Stigma, Social Support, and Substance Use
Authors: Chen Wei-Ti , Huang Feifei , Sun Wenxiu , Zhang Lin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has uniquely impacted people living with HIV (PLWH) worldwide. The negative impacts on PLWH’s mental health from fear of COVID-19 are labeled as “a double stress.” The association between fear of COVID-19 and HIV (internalized) stigma has been found among PLWH. Studies that explore the relationships between fear of COVID-19 and physical health outcomes are few, especially among PLWH. In this study, we explored the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and physical health among PLWH and the mediated effects of HIV stigma, social support, and substance use. A cross-sectional online survey of PLWH (n = 201) from November 2021 to May 2022 was carried out in Shanghai, China. The data on socio-demographics, fear of COVID-19, physical health, HIV-related perceived stigma, social support, and substance use were gathered and analyzed by structure equation modeling (SEM). In SEM analysis, fear of COVID-19 showed a significant and indirect effect on physical health (β=-0.085) which was primarily mediated by HIV stigma. In SEM analysis, the final model had a good fit. Fear of COVID-19 showed a significant effect on HIV stigma (β = 0.223) with the majority being direct effects (β = 0.262) and a small indirect effect via substance use (β=-0.039). Furthermore, HIV stigma showed a significant effect on physical health (β=-0.382), the majority of which was direct (β=-0.340), and a small indirect effect via social support (β=-0.042). This is one of the first studies to explore how fear of contracting COVID-19 can affect PLWH’s coping behaviors (e.g., using substances and obtaining social support) used to combat HIV stigma as well as to achieve better physical health in China.
Representative Phenomena of Cyclic Turbulent Combustion in High-Pressure Fuel Sprays
Authors: Parker Allen , Agrawal Ajay , Bittle Joshua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCyclic variations in conventional diesel combustion engines can lead to large differences in engine out emissions even at steady operation. This study uses an optically accessible constant-pressure flow chamber to acquire fuel injections in quick succession to analyze mixing, auto-ignition, and combustion of diesel-surrogate n-heptane using multiple high-speed optical diagnostics. Prior studies have utilized fewer injections and/or they rely on analysis of ensemble average behavior. These approaches do not yield information on injection-to-injection variation or provide confidence in utilizing individual injection measurements for high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics(CFD) model validation. In this study, a large set of 500 injections is used to obtain global parameters including liquid length, vapor penetration length, ignition delay time, and lift-off length. Results for multiple injections are presented to illustrate large injection to injection variations. Potential sources for these variations are analyzed to conclude localized, small scale turbulence and rate of injection variations as the likely sources. Then, a statistical method based on z-scores is proposed and implemented to identify instantaneous injections that best represent the bulk data-set of jet boundaries measured independently by three different diagnostics. This synthesis of statistics-guided screening of data set and ensemble-average analysis offers higher confidence for CFD model validation relying upon both a representative single and average injection results.
Institutional Logics in the UK Construction Industry’s Response to Modern Slavery Risk: Complementarity and Conflict
Authors: Pesterfield Christopher , Rogerson Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThere is a growing understanding that modern slavery is a phenomenon ‘hidden in plain sight’ in the home countries of multinational firms. Yet, business scholarship on modern slavery has so far focussed on product supply chains. To address this, we direct attention to the various institutional pressures on the UK construction industry, and managers of firms within it, around modern slavery risk for on-site labour. Based on a unique data set of 30 in-depth interviews with construction firm managers and directors, we identify two institutional logics as being integral to explaining how these companies have responded to the Modern Slavery Act: a market logic and a state logic. While the institutional logics literature largely assumes that institutional complexity will lead to a conciliation of multiple logics, we find both complementarity and continued conflict in the logics in our study. Though we identify conciliation between aspects of the market logic and the state logic, conflict remains as engagement with actions which could potentially address modern slavery is limited by the trade-offs between the two logics.
Network-assisted processing of advanced IoT applications: challenges and proof-of-concept application
Authors: Mora Higinio , Pujol Francisco A. , Ramírez Tamai , Jimeno-Morenilla Antonio , Szymanski Julian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecent advances in the area of the Internet of Things shows that devices are usually resource-constrained. To enable advanced applications on these devices, it is necessary to enhance their performance by leveraging external computing resources available in the network. This work presents a study of computational platforms to increase the performance of these devices based on the Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) paradigm. The main contribution of this paper is to research the advantages and possibilities of architectures with multiple offloading options. To this end, a review of architectures that use a combination of the computing layers in the available infrastructure to perform this paradigm and outsource processing load is presented. In addition, a proof-of-concept application is introduced to demonstrate its realization along all the network layers. The results of the simulations confirm the high flexibility to offload numerous tasks using different layers and the ability to overcome unfavorable scenarios.
Too Lucky to Be a Victim? An Exploratory Study of Online Harassment and Hate Messages Faced by Social Media Influencers
Authors: Valenzuela-García Noelia , Maldonado-Guzmán Diego J. , García-Pérez Andrea , Del-Real Cristina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInfluencers are persistently exposed through social media. Once almost unapproachable, celebrities are now open to daily interaction with the public. From comments, polls, emails, and even private messages, the public can engage with their celebrities with a mere click. While this engagement provides influencers with advantages, it also renders them particularly susceptible to online harassment and toxic critics. This paper investigates the characteristics, impact, and reactions to cyber victimisation among social media influencers. To accomplish this objective, the paper presents the findings of two studies: a self-reported online victimisation survey conducted among Spanish influencers and an online ethnography. The results indicate that over 70% of influencers have encountered some form of online harassment and toxic critics. Cyber victimisation, its effects, and reactions vary across socio-demographic characteristics and the influencers’ profiles. Furthermore, the qualitative analysis of the online ethnography reveals that harassed influencers can be classified as non-ideal victims. The implications of these findings for the literature are discussed.
Graduates’ responses to student loan debt in England: “sort of like an acceptance, but with anxiety attached”
Authors: Callender Claire , Davis Susila 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn 2020–2021, 94% of undergraduates in England took out government-backed loans to fund their higher education. The growing and widespread use of student loans in England, mounting student debt, and governments’ increasing dependence on tuition fees underwritten by loans to finance public higher education raise important questions which this paper seeks to address. Specifically, the paper asks how do graduates respond to student loan debt and what does this tells us about the nature of the relationship between the graduate debtor and the state lender? We also question the usefulness of symbolic violence as a sociological lens to better understand graduates’ different patterns of responses and reactions to student loan debt and their relationship with the state lender. Our analysis draws on 98 in-depth qualitative interviews conducted with English graduates between 2020 and 2021. We conclude that a more comprehensive explanation requires an exploration of both symbolic violence and structural violence and a re-appraisal of the word ‘violence’ to better represent the wide range of graduates’ responses.