bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The neuroendocrine stress response compensates for suppression of insulin secretion by volatile anesthetic agents: An observational study
Authors: Tharp William G. , Breidenstein Max W. , Friend Alexander F. , Bender S. Patrick , Raftery Daniel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlterations in perioperative metabolic function, particularly hyperglycemia, are associated with increased post‐operative complications, even in patients without preexisting metabolic abnormalities. Anesthetic medications and the neuroendocrine stress response to surgery may both contribute to altered energy metabolism through impaired glucose and insulin homeostasis but the discrete pathways involved are unclear. Prior human studies, though informative, have been limited by analytic sensitivity or technique, preventing resolution of underlying mechanisms. We hypothesized that general anesthesia with a volatile agent would suppress basal insulin secretion without altering hepatic insulin extraction, and that surgical stress would promote hyperglycemia through gluconeogenesis, lipid oxidation, and insulin resistance. In order to address these hypotheses, we conducted an observational study of subjects undergoing multi‐level lumbar surgery with an inhaled anesthetic agent. We measured circulating glucose, insulin, c‐peptide, and cortisol frequently throughout the perioperative period and analyzed the circulating metabolome in a subset of these samples. We found volatile anesthetic agents suppress basal insulin secretion and uncouple glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion. Following surgical stimulus, this inhibition disappeared and there was gluconeogenesis with selective amino acid metabolism. No robust evidence of lipid metabolism or insulin resistance was observed. These results show that volatile anesthetic agents suppress basal insulin secretion, which results in reduced glucose metabolism. The neuroendocrine stress response to surgery ameliorates the inhibitory effect of the volatile agent on insulin secretion and glucose metabolism, promoting catabolic gluconeogenesis. A better understanding of the complex metabolic interaction between anesthetic medications and surgical stress is needed to inform design of clinical pathways aimed at improving perioperative metabolic function.
The network configuration in Parkinsonian state compensates network activity change caused by loss of dopamine
Authors: Kitano Katsunori 
Published: February 2023

AbstractParkinson's disease is a movement disorder caused by dopamine depletion in the basal ganglia. Neural activity of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus externus (GPe) in the basal ganglia are closely related to motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. However, the pathogenesis of the disease and the transition from the normal state to the pathological state have yet to be elucidated. The functional organization of the GPe is gaining attention due to the recent finding that it consists of two distinct cell populations, namely prototypic GPe neurons and arkypallidal neurons. Identifying connectivity structures between these cell populations, as well as STN neurons, in relation to the dependence of the network activity on the dopaminergic effects is vital. In the present study, using a computational model of the STN‐GPe network, we explored biologically plausible connectivity structures between these cell populations. We evaluated the experimentally reported neural activities of these cell types to elucidate the effects of dopaminergic modulation and changes caused by chronic dopamine depletion, such as strengthened connections in the neural activity of the STN‐GPe network. Our results indicate that the arkypallidal neurons receive cortical inputs separately from the source for prototypic and STN neurons, suggesting that arkypallidal neurons might be responsible for an additional pathway with the cortex. Furthermore, changes caused by chronic dopamine depletion compensate for the loss of dopaminergic modulation. Changes caused by dopamine depletion itself likely induce the pathological activity observed in patients with Parkinson's disease. However, such changes counteract those of firing rates caused by loss of dopaminergic modulation. In addition, we observed that the STN‐GPe tends to exhibit activity with pathological characteristics as side effects.
Impact of COVID-19 on dietary intake, sleeping patterns and physical activity levels among Malaysian University students
Authors: Lee Le Zhen , Cheng Shi-Hui 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a significant impact on people’s behaviour and lifestyles. Limited research has been conducted on the impact of COVID-19 on Malaysian university students’ lifestyle modifications. This study aims to identify the impact of COVID-19 on dietary intake, sleeping patterns and physical activity levels among Malaysian university students.

Methods
A total of 261 university students were recruited. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected. Dietary intake was assessed using PLifeCOVID-19 questionnaire, sleep quality was assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire (PSQI) while physical activity level was assessed using International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Forms (IPAQ-SF). SPSS was used to perform statistical analysis.

Results
30.7% of the participants adhered to the unhealthy dietary pattern, 48.7% had poor quality of sleep and 59.4% engaged in low physical activity levels during the pandemic. Unhealthy dietary pattern was significantly associated with a lower IPAQ category (p=0.013), and increased time spent sitting (p=0.027) during the pandemic. Participants being underweight before the pandemic (aOR=2.472, 95% CI=1.358–4.499), increased takeaway meal consumption (aOR=1.899, 95% CI=1.042–3.461), increased snacking between meals consumption (aOR=2.989, 95% CI=1.653–5.404) and engaged in a low level of physical activity during pandemic (aOR=1.935, 95% CI=1.028–3.643) were the predictors of unhealthy dietary pattern.

Conclusions
The university students’ dietary intake, sleeping patterns, and physical activity levels were impacted in different ways during the pandemic. Strategies and interventions should be developed and implemented to improve the dietary intake and lifestyle of the students.
Imperatives as persuasion strategies in political discourse
Authors: Khafaga Ayman 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper attempts to explore the extent to which imperatives, linguistically manifested in direct commands, attention-getters, and let-constructions, function as persuasion strategies in one of the speeches of President El-Sisi of Egypt. The main objective of this paper is to test the hypothesis that imperatives, irrespective of their type, do not necessarily require a verbal or physical response, as is the case with their ordinary semantic function; however, they go beyond their common semantic functionality towards specific pragmatic purposes, targeting the communication of particular political meanings in discourse. Two main findings are revealed in this paper: first, El-Sisi uses imperatives to motivate his addressees’ pragmatic competence rather than to elicit their verbal performance. Second, the three forms of Arabic imperatives are persuasion strategies employed in the speech to initiate a cognitively communicative channel through which intended meanings are communicated to interlocutors.
Crystal structure of (E)-7-methoxy-2-(4-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one, C20H17F3O3
Authors: Lai Shuai , Hou Yun , Zhao Feng-Lan , Meng Qing-Guo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
C20H17F3O3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.0684(4) Å, b = 13.1942(6) Å, c = 13.7883(7) Å, β = 96.250(5)°, V = 1639.97(13) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0415, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1125, T = 100 K.
The crystal structure of 4–(4,4,5,5–tetramethyl–1,3,2–dioxaborolan–2–yl)morpholine, C10H20BNO3
Authors: Herbig Marcus , Böhme Uwe 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
C10H20BNO3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.0681(8) Å, b = 6.1883(3) Å, c = 18.1603(13) Å, β = 105.111(6)°, V = 1200.84(14) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0338, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0861, T = 153 K.
Crystal structure of cyclo-(bis(µ2-3,3′-(1H-imidazole-3-ium-1,3-diyl)dipropionato-κ4
O,O′:O″,O″′)-dinitrato-κ2
O,O′-tetraoxido-diuranium(VI) C18H22N6O18U2
Authors: Meng Yuning , Cai Bin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
C18H22N6O18U2, monoclinic, P2/c (no. 13), a = 10.894(2) Å, b = 7.9674(16) Å, c = 16.787(3) Å, β = 100.823(2)°, V = 1399.1(5) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0307, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0728, T = 296(2) K.
Solid lipid nanoparticles for targeted natural and synthetic drugs delivery in high-incidence cancers, and other diseases: Roles of preparation methods, lipid composition, transitional stability, and release profiles in nanocarriers’ development
Authors: Mohammed Hamdoon A. , Khan Riaz A. , Singh Varsha , Yusuf Mohammad , Akhtar Naseem , Sulaiman Ghassan M. , Albukhaty Salim , Abdellatif Ahmed A. H. , Khan Maria , Mohammed Salman A. A. , Al-Subaiyel Amal M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), the spheroidal-shaped, colloids state lipophilic-natured, innovative nanoscale particulate materials, are being concurrently prepared by the quality-by-design approach for cellular and sub-cellular delivery of drugs and other payloads with facilitated physicochemical characteristics for targeted delivery. The delivery of drugs, other pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceutical materials, and genes to the diseased body organs, tissues, and cellular mass have been developed as promising nanocarriers for different high-incidence cancers and other disease therapies, including the Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and tuberculosis. SLNs have evolved as favorable lipid-based formulation, and have served as oral and intravenous carriers that targeted the drug with stable and sterile transport, sustained delivery, controlled drug/payload deloading, and requisite biodistributions. SLNs advantages, shortcomings, and bottlenecks have been discussed with plausible remediation strategies. The laboratory-scale and bulk preparations, use of different lipids in various preparation, surface coatings, physicochemical properties of the final product, and characterization protocols are also encompassed, as are the routes of administrations, specific-sites-targeting, and on-site outreach with biocompatibility, bioavailability, and the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion and pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics inputs with relevance to the therapy. Plausible applications in complex and genetic disorders, and as personalized medicine, also of traditional and alternative medicine prospects, are also discussed.
Deletion ofSod1in Motor Neurons Exacerbates Age-Related Changes in Axons and Neuromuscular Junctions in Mice
Authors: Pollock N. , Macpherson P. C. , Staunton C. A. , Hemmings K. , Davis C. S. , Owen E. D. , Vasilaki A. , Van Remmen H. , Richardson A. , McArdle A. , Brooks S. V. , Jackson M. J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhole-body knock-out of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (Sod1KO) results in accelerated, age-related loss of muscle mass and function associated with neuromuscular junction (NMJ) breakdown similar to sarcopenia. In order to determine whether altered redox in motor neurons underlies this phenotype, an inducible neuron-specific deletion of Sod1 (i-mnSod1KO) was compared with wild-type (WT) mice of different ages (adult, mid-age, and old) and whole-body Sod1KO mice. Nerve oxidative damage, motor neuron numbers and structural changes to neurons and NMJ were examined. Tamoxifen-induced deletion of neuronal Sod1 from two months of age. No specific effect of a lack of neuronal Sod1 was seen on markers of nerve oxidation (electron paramagnetic resonance of anin vivospin probe, protein carbonyl, or protein 3-nitrotyrosine contents). i-mnSod1KO mice showed increased denervated NMJ, reduced numbers of large axons and increased number of small axons compared with old WT mice. A large proportion of the innervated NMJs in old i-mnSod1KO mice displayed a simpler structure than that seen in adult or old WT mice. Thus, previous work showed that neuronal deletion of Sod1 induced exaggerated loss of muscle in old mice, and we report that this deletion leads to a specific nerve phenotype including reduced axonal area, increased proportion of denervated NMJ, and reduced acetyl choline receptor complexity. Other changes in nerve and NMJ structure seen in the old i-mnSod1KO mice reflect aging of the mice.
Rethinking Multilateralism: Some Reflections
Authors: Raghavan Vikram 
Published: February 2023

Multilateralism occupies a vast canvas. It means different things to different people. It is studied across many disciplines from political science and international relations to history, sociology, and international law. Its theorists are as diverse as its critics (Alvarez 2000). As the contributions to this special collection reveal, our understanding of multilateralism is constantly evolving with new research, experience, and insights.
In this comment, I reflect on international organizations as multilateralism’s laboratories and agents. Multilateralism is a cyclical phenomenon at an international institution (Cohen 2018). My focus, therefore, is on a multilateral institution’s life cycle and some of its legal and policy conundrums. I must caution, however, that I am neither a scholar nor an expert. My perspectives are shaped by my professional experience as an international institution’s staff member and by a personal interest in the history, law, and practice of multilateral organizations.
Comparing the Inspiratory Capacity Measurements Obtained by Incentive Spirometry and Ultrasonic Spirography in the Early Postoperative Period in Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Eremenko A. A. , Zyulyaeva T. P. , Ryabova D. V. , Grekova M. S. , Alferova A. P. , Goncharova A. V. , Grin O. O. , Dmitrieva S. S. , Dmitrieva A. S. 
Published: February 2023

Incentive spirometry is one of the most common methods used for respiratory rehabilitation in the early period after cardiac surgery. Inspiratory capacity values, obtained by a patient using spirometer, are not reliably trusted.Objectives. To compare volumetric parameters measured with incentive spirometer and results obtained with bedside ultrasound-based spirometer to assure the feasibility of the use of incentive spirometry to assess the inspiratory capacity and eﬀectiveness of postoperative respiratory rehabilitation.Materials and methods. The study included 50 patients after elective cardiac surgery. Pulmonary rehabilitation involved the use of various respiratory therapy methods. Spirography was performed before and after each session. Both approaches were used simultaneously to obtain the spirometry maximum inspiratory capacity (SMIC) with a bedside ultrasonic spirography and maximum inspiratory capacity (MIC) index using an incentive spirometer. Patient’s discomfort and adverse events during the procedures were recorded.Results. The absolute values of the MIC measured before and after each session by the two methods were dissimilar, however, the average increment values (6) did not show statistically significant differences. The correlation analysis revealed a strong positive statistically significant relationship between 6 SMIC and 6 MIC (R = 0.74 before the session, R = 0.79 after the session, R = 0.77 across the whole data set, P < 0.01), also consistent with the Bland–Altman analysis, evidencing that more than 95% of all values fell within ± 1.96 SD of the mean difference. The inspiratory spirometry method showed good diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity 87%, specificity 85%, area under the curve (AUC) 0.8 (95% CI: [0.76; 0.83]), P < 0.001). Refusals of procedure were more often documented with ultrasonic spirography.Conclusion. The increment in the inspiratory capacity index measured with incentive spirometer shows good agreement with ultrasonic spirography measurements. Therefore, incentive spirometry can be reliably used to assess the effectiveness of respiratory rehabilitation interventions in cardiac surgery patients during early postoperative period.
Inter-Alpha Inhibitor Proteins as a Predictor of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Newborn Infants
Authors: ELMeneza S. A. , Arafat N. M. , El-Bagoury I. M. , Gaber A. 
Published: February 2023

Necrotizing enterocolitis is a devastating emergency, multifactorial disease. Inter-alpha inhibitor proteins are serine protease inhibitors involved in many physiological and pathological activities.Aim: this study was designed in order to assess the value of inter-alpha inhibitor proteins in predicting and improving accuracy of diagnosis of NEC in newborn infants with non-precise abdominal and intestinal manifestations.Materials and Methods. This study was prospective longitudinal research that included 80 newborn infants presented with non-specific abdominal manifestations. Infants were divided into two groups. Group A; infants who developed necrotizing enterocolitis, they had stage II or III necrotizing enterocolitis according to modified Bell's criteria. Group B; included infants who did not develop necrotizing enterocolitis. Serum inter alpha inhibitor proteins level was measured by ELISA.Results. In necrotizing enterocolitis group, the median inter-alpha inhibitor protein level was (9.38 mg/L), this was significantly lower than non-necrotizing enterocolitis group (44.40 mg/L), P<0.01. Inter-alpha inhibitor protein was reduced in stage IA than stage IIIB. Inter-alpha inhibitor protein values were decreased in preterm and full term infants with sensitivity of 98 % and specificity of 96% at cutoff <19.42 and <19.96 mg/L. The cut off in non-survival cases was >13.29 mg/L with sensitivity of 53.33 % and specificity of 92.31%.Conclusion. Inter-alpha inhibitor protein levels were reduced in full term and preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis, consequently it may improve diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborn infants. It has prognostic value and correlate with severity of necrotizing enterocolitis. It might predict non-survival cases.
Pie diabético: tasas de mortalidad en pacientes con amputaciones mayores
Authors: Coria Hernán Eduardo , Sartorelli Daniel , Taffarel Bruno , Pérez Di Felice Matías E. , Anfuso Héctor S. , Silvestri Alicia E. , Fedun Rodríguez Emanuel 
Published: February 2023

Introducción: Las amputaciones mayores provocan una elevada tasa de morbimortalidad. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar la tasa de mortalidad al mes, y a los 2 y 5 años de una amputación por pie diabético y comparar la tasa de mortalidad en pacientes con amputación infrarrotuliana o supracondílea.
Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluó retrospectivamente a 60 pacientes con 64 amputaciones mayores, operados entre 2010 y 2018. Se reunió la siguiente información: datos personales, lateralidad, puntaje de la clasificación de la Universidad de Texas, análisis bioquímicos, estudio Doppler, comorbilidades, supervivencia y causa del óbito. Se calculó la tasa de mortalidad general y por tipo de amputación al mes, a los 2 y 5 años.
Resultados: Se realizaron 58 amputaciones en hombres y 6, en mujeres (37 derechas, 27 izquierdas), 39 fueron supracondíleas, y 25 infrarrotulianas. La edad promedio era de 68 años. Hubo 28 óbitos: 15 pacientes con amputación supracondílea y 13 con amputación infrarrotuliana. Las tasas de mortalidad fueron: 13,33% al mes; 33,3% a los 2 años y 46,42% a los 5 años (pacientes con amputación supracondílea 26,78%; pacientes con amputación infrarrotuliana 19,64%). Las diferencias en los niveles de creatinina de los pacientes que murieron fueron estadísticamente significativas. Las principales causas de muerte fueron las complicaciones cardiovasculares.
Conclusiones: Las tasas de mortalidad fueron significativamente superiores en los pacientes con amputación supracondílea. La tasa de mortalidad al mes relacionada con sepsis fue alta. Los enfermos renales tuvieron una tasa de mortalidad mayor.
Complex Fermatean Fuzzy Geometric Aggregation Operators and Their Application on Group Decision-Making Problem Based on Einstein T-Norm and T-Conorm
Authors: Rahman khaista 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Complex Fermatean fuzzy sets (CFFSs) is one of the successful extension of complex Pythagorean fuzzy sets (CPFSs). The main objective of the paper is to present the notion of complex Fermatean fuzzy sets (CFFSs), and some of their basic operational laws and their corresponding operators, which can represent the time-periodic problems and two-dimensional information in a single set. We introduce various novel methods, namely complex Fermatean fuzzy Einstein weighted geometric (CFFEWG) operator, complex Fermatean fuzzy Einstein ordered weighted geometric (CFFEOWG) operator, complex Fermatean fuzzy Einstein hybrid geometric (CFFEHG) operator, induced complex Fermatean fuzzy Einstein ordered weighted geometric (I-CFFEOWG) operator, and induced complex Fermatean fuzzy Einstein hybrid geometric (I-CFFEHG) operator along with their structure properties, such as idempotency, boundedness and monotonicity. An illustrative example related to the selection of the more suitable location for hospital is to be considered to show the effectiveness and efficiency of the novel approach.
UV absorbance and electron donating capacity as surrogate parameters to indicate the abatement of micropollutants during the oxidation of Fe(II)/PMS and Mn(II)/NTA/PMS
Authors: Song Yang , Peng Jianshan , Yang Jingru , Qin Wen , Gu Jia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this study, the relative residual UV absorbance (UV254) and/or electron donating capacity (EDC) was investigated as a surrogate parameter to evaluate the abatement of micropollutants during the Fe(II)/PMS and Mn(II)/NTA/PMS processes. In the Fe(II)/PMS process, UV254 and EDC abatement was greater at pH 5, which was attributed to the generation of SO4•− and •OH at acidic pH. In the Mn(II)/NTA/PMS process, UV254 abatement was greater at pH 7 and 9, while EDC abatement was greater at pH 5 and 7. This was due to the fact that MnO2 was formed at alkaline pH to remove UV254 by coagulation processes, and the manganese intermediates (Mn(V)) were formed at acidic pH to remove EDC via electron transfer processes. Due to the strong oxidation capacity of free radicals (SO4•− and •OH) and manganese intermediates (Mn(V)) in the Fe(II)/PMS and Mn(II)/NTA/PMS processes, respectively, the abatement of micropollutants increased with increasing dosages of oxidant in three different waters at neutral pH. In the Fe(II)/PMS and Mn(II)/NTA/PMS processes, except for nitrobenzene (NB) (approximately 23% and 40%, respectively), the removal of other micropollutants was in excess of 70% when the oxidant dosages were greater (100 µM and 80 µM, respectively) in different waters. The linear relationship between the relative residual UV254, EDC and the removal of micropollutants was established in different waters, showing a one-phase or two-phase linear relationship. The differences of the slopes for one-phase linear correlation in the Fe(II)/PMS process (micropollutant-UV254: 0.36–2.89, micropollutant-EDC: 0.26–1.75) were less than that in the Mn(II)/NTA/PMS process (micropollutant-UV254: 0.40–13.16, micropollutant-EDC: 0.51–8.39). Overall, these results suggest that the relative residual UV254 and EDC could truly reflect the removal of micropollutants during the Fe(II)/PMS and Mn(II)/NTA/PMS processes.