bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude, Awareness, Fear, and Anxiety Levels in Pateints Visisting the Routine Dental Outpatient Department during COVID 19 Pandemic - A Cross-sectional Hospital-Based Observational Research
Authors: Vohra Puneeta , Verma Rajnish Kumar , Mongia Jeswin Singh , Kumar Pratiksha , Sukhija Hemani , Singh Richa , Tiwari Heena 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Since the COVID 19 pandemic has hit worldwide wide being one of the biggest psychological menace that had an impact on all socioeconomic strata as well age group of society. Looking at the present scenario of confusion and anxiety a cross-sectional research was planned to see the level of fear and anxiety among a patient who is already having concern about his oral health and when he comes to a dental outpatient department (OPD) what are his main areas of concern and anxiety.

Methodology:
Cross-sectional study was planned in faculty of dental sciences, all the patients coming to dental OPD over a period of 3 months from November 2020 to March 2021 were asked to self-fill or fill with assistance a google form compromising of 10 multiple response questionnaire validated according to previous studies and surveys. Later on, the data was compiled and evaluated.

Results:
Out of 511 Patients enrolled in the study after taking their online consent. 28.2% of population did not know about COVID 19. 67.4% were aware about the pandemic whereas 4.4% were confused and did not know about the complete scenario. 36.9% of population were not in stress and 62.4% were in stress and had anxiety regarding their visit for dental check up and treatment. 30.4% had no fear of catching the infection from dental procedure, 62.4% had fear and 7.2% of population was ignorant regarding the same. About 70.7% had quarantined themselves before coming for dental treatment. 62.4% were willing for dental treatment post-vaccination and 26% were not willing for treatment 11.6% were not sure. After applying statistical analysis, it was found that P < 0.05 and people coming to dental OPD were in lot of stress and anxiety regarding the dental procedures during the COVID pandemic.

Conclusion:
Since the global pandemic has caused major worry among the populations but still there are many who are not so anxious. Knowledge and awareness regarding the disease and vaccination have led to a wave of calmness in some, but still many people have been impacted and are in major dilemma whether they should get a dental treatment or should delay it ??
Assessment of Serum Selenium and Ceruloplasmin in Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Cancer
Authors: Mampilly Mathew O. , Ravindran Nidhi , Parambil Mohamed Shajith , Nilesh Kumar , Jayagopalan Parvathi , Dhamali Debjit 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Despite extensive research and development, potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) of the oral cavity and oral cancer remain a serious concern. Diet and immunity have been identified as important modifiable factors in such diseases.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 20 patients and 10 healthy individuals, aged 30–60 years, were chosen from the outpatient Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yenepoya Dental College and hospital, Karnataka. The participants were grouped into three: Group 1: (10 healthy individuals), Group 2: (10 oral leukoplakia patients) and Group 3: (10 squamous cell carcinoma patients). Blood was chosen as the investigative medium. Ceruloplasmin was estimated by the diamine oxidase method. The technique of atomic absorption developed by Sir Alan Walsh in 1950 has become the preferred method of elemental analysis of selenium (atomic absorption spectrometer). Statistical analysis of the data obtained was done using one-way ANOVA test and the Turkey multiple comparisons test.

Results:
The intergroup comparison of ceruloplasmin shows that the mean value of Group I (Control) was 31.746 mg/dl, the mean value of Group II (leukoplakia) was 81.411 mg/dl, and the mean value of Group III (squamous cell carcinoma) was 90.7120 mg/dl. The intergroup comparison of selenium levels shows that the mean value of Group I (Control) was 119.937 (ng/ml), the mean value of Group II (leukoplakia) was 109.17 (ng/ml), and the mean value of Group III (squamous cell carcinoma) was 99.6230 (ng/ml).

Conclusion:
Antioxidants are an important defense system against free radical damage to cells. Ceruloplasmin and selenium levels in serum could be used as disease markers in leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma.
Autorotation of the Mandible as Sequelae to Maxillary Intrusion
Authors: Reddy S. Ganesh Kumar , Ibrahim Hisham M. , Bhardwaj Shweta , Potdar Suraj , Kumar Akshay , Uppal Ashish , Tiwari Heena 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Autorotation of the mandible is a normally anticipated phenomenon following a surgical superior repositioning of the maxilla in clinical situations where patients have an excessive gummy smile. Prediction of the surgical treatment outcome following a presurgical orthodontic treatment is a critical element in the surgical treatment planning.

Materials and Methods:
The relevant articles were selected by hand search and electronic media (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane) from 1982 to 2020. All the relevant articles were properly screened, and findings were extracted from the articles.

Results:
It was observed that, following maxillary intrusion, mandible would eventually autorotate to take a new occlusion. Mandibular autorotation as a result of maxillary intrusion would lead to minimal shortening of the lower lip in the vertical plane. It was observed that the amount of mandibular autorotation correlates with the extent of maxillary impaction. Studies have shown that there is a passive soft-tissue response which may be attributed to the fact that no muscular detachment had been affected in the lower lip and soft-tissue chin region during the maxillary surgery.

Conclusion:
It is observed that there is a definite influence on the mandibular and chin positions as a result of maxillary intrusion and autorotation of the mandible. Every 1 mm of maxillary superior impaction, the chin moved 0.6 mm vertically and 0.2 mm horizontally. There is an appreciable shortening of the lower lip length.
Efficacy of Spironolactone in Adult Acne in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients an Original Research
Authors: Rani Neha , Kumar Prashant , Mishra Anup Kumar , Sankuratri Bala Yadu Vamsi , Sethi Sanjana , Gelada Kalyani , Tiwari Heena 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
This prospective clinical trial was designed to assess the effects of a long-term therapy with spironolactone, with and without dietary-induced weight-loss, on clinical features, lipid profile, and insulin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-five patients (range of age 16–32 year; 13 lean and 12 overweight) fulfilling formal diagnostic criteria for PCOS (oligomenorrhea and/or amenorrhea, biochemical and/or clinical evidence of hyperadrogenism) were studied at baseline and then received oral spironolactone (100 mg/die) for 12 months; association with lifestyle modifications was recommended to all overweight patients. Clinical, endocrine, and metabolic parameters (oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT], lipid profile) were measured at baseline and at the end of the antiandrogen treatment.

Results:
The therapy was associated with a significant average decline of triglycerides in overweight subjects and with increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in lean patients. The insulin levels at 60 min during OGTT, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance and area under curve of insulin were significantly lowered in overweight women after 12 months of spironolactone and weight loss and no negative changes in insulin secretion and sensitivity were observed in PCOS women after pharmacological treatment alone.

Conclusion:
The efficacy of spironolactone on the androgenic clinical aspects of PCOS has been confirmed in this study. Furthermore, our data show that long-term treatment with spironolactone exerts no negative effects on lipoprotein profile and glucose metabolism; more relevant beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism were observed when the antiandrogen was associated with weight loss in overweight PCOS women.
Awareness and Knowledge of Different Types of Face Masks amid the COVID-19 Pandemic among Health-Care Professionals across Kingdom of Saudi Arabia an Original Research
Authors: Almomen Khadijah Ali , Alghamdi Hanan Ahmed , Ahmad Hend Abdrahman , AlJaafar Leena Faisal , Alawad Marwa Salman , Alharbi Mayar Saad , Abaalkhail Nouf 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
With the attack of the COVID-19 pandemic on the world, many countries have opted for the lockdown for preventing the spread of the virus. There have been many proposals for the prevention at individual level. These include repeated washing of hands, the sanitization, and the usage of the mouth masks. There have been many studies that suggested various types of the mouth masks for the prevention of the infection. Hence, in the present study, we intend to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of the health-care personnel of the different types of the face masks.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted the present review by the cross sectional survey method. The study is questionnaire based that was done for a period of 6 months. The survey was done by online only. The participation was voluntary and done in the state wide hospitals in the kingdom of the Saudi Arabia. The survey compromised twenty questions that assessed the knowledge and awareness of the health-care personnel of the different types of the face masks.

Results:
The total number of the participants was 1000. All were aware of the proper usage of the masks. There was noted enough awareness of the types of the masks among the participants. However, the awareness can further be enhanced.

Conclusion:
At the present condition of the infection rate, there may be a third wave of the pandemic around the world. As it has been shown in many studies that these barriers have prevented the infection rate, the wisdom points toward the prevention of the disease. The awareness has increased among the health care and also the personnel are conscious of the types of the masks. The same can be evaluated for the general public and the method of the mask wear can be appraised.
Microleakage at Implant Abutment and Prosthesis Interface in Cemented Implant-Supported Prosthesis
Authors: Kumari Soni , Jadhav Manish Shivaji , Gupta Vishal , Isaac Tarun Koshy , Subramanium Angel , Kumar Vinit 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Dental implants have an important role in mainstream dental practice today to restore esthetics. The present study was conducted to evaluate the microleakage at implant abutment and prosthesis interface in cemented implant-supported prosthesis.

Materials and Methods:
The present study comprised sixty replicas of abutment analog with length 5 mm, width of platform 4.8 mm, and taper 6° which were milled and divided into three groups. In Group I, nickel–chromium copings were fabricated; marginal gap was evaluated with optical microscope and luted with zinc oxide noneugenol cement, Group II with zinc polycarboxylate cement, and Group III with zinc phosphate cement. Microleakage was scored by the method used by Tjan et al.

Results:
The mean microleakage score in Group I was 2.5, in Group II was 1.9, and in Group III was 1.05. The difference was significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
All cements showed microleakage. Minimum microleakage was seen with zinc phosphate cement than zinc oxide noneugenol cement and zinc polycarboxylate cement.
Phenotypic Expression of Oral Fibroblasts Derived from Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Banerjee Abhishek , Mampilly Mathew O. , Kamath V. V. , Athreya Vijayaraghavan , Kotrashetti Vijayalakshmi , Srivastava Kumar Chandan , Shrivastava Deepti 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
The present study aimed to establish cell lines of fibroblast from human OSF tissues and their response to varying concentrations of arecoline. The various morphological forms of fibroblasts were identified to establish phenotypic change.

Materials and Method:
Fibroblast cell lines were obtained from control samples as well as from OSF cases. The cell lines were treated with 50/100/150/300/500 ug/ml of arecoline and morphology were determined.

Results:
Three morphological forms were detected; F1 spindle, F2 epitheloid and the F3 stellate. The F3 to F1 ratio was higher in OSF. Arecoline at 50ug/ml was stimulatory and at 150ug/ml cytotoxic to the cell lines.

Conclusion:
Arecoline seems to enhance proliferation of the fibroblast at lower concentrations but cytotoxic at higher levels. This is probably due to the generation of new cell lines and response of the arecoline receptors indicating phenotypic change.
A Radiological Evaluation of Bone Healing in Postextraction Sockets Following Bone Grafting Using Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate and Calcium Phosphosilicate
Authors: Saha Alangkar , Sathish R. , Setty Suhas , Maji Abhijit , Saha Jayanta , Chatterjee Abhishek 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Healing unbinds a well choreographed array of cellular, physiologic, biochemical, and molecular processes directed toward restoring the integrity and functional capacity of the damaged structures. The rate and degree of healing vary among individuals but is greatest during the first few months or years after tooth loss. Evidence suggests that alveolar bone ridge resorption may be prevented, initially by reconstructive surgical techniques using several materials which are employed at the time of extraction. This droves to the development of bone substitutes materials such as hydroxyapatite, beta tricalcium phosphate (β TCP), and bioactive glasses. These regenerative materials not only act as an osteoconductive scaffold but also interact with the surrounding tissues and impart an osseostimulatory effect.

Methods:
Twenty adult patients who required bilateral removal of homologous tooth, were informed and described regarding post extraction socket grafting using β TCP and CPS followed by covering with Collagen Membrane. Radiographic densitometry evaluation of postoperative visits of immediate; 1st month; 3rd month; and 6th month using orthopantomograph was done.

Results:
The Karl Pearson's Correlation coefficient was used to determine the degree of bone density with adjacent bone preoperatively and postoperatively. The statistical evaluation, CPS was more superior to β TCP, with a difference of 58.75 and P value showed more significance (<0.0001).

Conclusion:
This article evaluates radiographically quality and quantity of bone formation in the socket, following extraction and bone grafting using Calcium Phosphosilicate (CPS) and β TCP, it is concluded that the two modalities of treatment were efficient in improving the clinical outcome parameters as well as showed comparable regenerative effects when used in the treatment of “socket grafting” while between them CPS more superior to β TCP biomaterials by Osteogenic properties.
Assessment of Oral Health Status of Patients Undergoing Fixed Orthodontics
Authors: Kumar Amit , Singh Jaideep , Wasnik Milind , Mongia Jai Prakash , Mahobia Tanusha , Bansal Vishwas , Almansour Ali Hussain Mohammed 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The incidence of dental caries and gingival disease is at higher level in orthodontic patients. The present study demonstrated oral health status of patients undergoing fixed orthodontics.

Methodology:
A total of 168 patients age ranged 12–17 years who were undergoing orthodontic treatment for 2 years of both genders were recruited. The assessment of dental caries as Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) score and plaque index was determined at first, second, and last visits.

Results:
Age 12 years had 22 males and 28 females, 13 years had 14 males and 22 females, 14 years had 8 males and 18 females, 15 years had 7 males and 15 females, 16 years had 6 males and 14 females, and 17 years had 9 males and 5 females. The mean DMFT score in age group 12 years was 1.74 and 2.24 at first and third visits, respectively, at 13 years was 1.60 and 2.04 at first and third visits, respectively, at 14 years was 2.38 and 2.72 at first and third visits, respectively, at 15 years was 1.74 and 2.08, at 16 years was 3.32 and 3.56 and at 17 years was 3.40, and 3.64 at first and third visits, respectively.

Conclusion:
There was significant higher dental caries and plaque index in age group 12 years.
Knowledge and Awareness of Jaw Relation among Dental Interns
Authors: Paul Marciano John Vialli , Manimaran P. , Kumar C. Dhinesh , Simon Eucharist Paul , Paul Vindha 
Published: February 2023

Aims:
This study aims to explore the awareness among the interns regarding the jaw relation procedures. Jaw relation is one of the most important criteria for the fabrication of complete dentures to provide a satisfactory oral function for the aging population.

Settings and Design:
The study design was a descriptive survey.

Materials and Methods:
A self-administered questionnaire was designed and distributed among 202 interns in three different colleges in Salem and Namakkal in Tamil Nadu using Stratified Proportionate Random Sampling Technique. The survey included a questionnaire with ten questions to assess the knowledge and awareness of jaw relation procedures among the interns.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The statistical tools used to analyze the levels of awareness among the interns were frequencies and percentage analysis. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to investigate the relationship between awareness among interns, with respect to gender, age, and complete dentures done, with the level of significance at P < 0.05 using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software version 23.

Results:
The awareness prevalent regarding jaw relation and its procedures among the respondents was 83%. There was a statistically significant relationship between maximum complete dentures done and awareness among interns (P < 0.001). Complete dentures made a significant contribution to the prediction of awareness (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
To improve the awareness among the interns increased educational programs, clinical training and greater patient exposure to the clinical application of jaw relation procedures to construct complete dentures are needed during their undergraduate education.
Maternal Periodontal Disease
Authors: Alrumayh Abdulwahab , Alfuhaid Fahad , Sayed Arshad Jamal , Tareen Sabahat Ullah Khan , Alrumayh Ibtehal , Habibullah Mohammed Ali 
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims:
In periodontal disease, pathogenic inflammatory factors hold a vital part in adverse pregnancy outcomes. In recent years, there has been a large amount of literature concerning the association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth (PTB) and low-birth-weight baby (LBWB). In the Middle-east region, reports indicate a higher rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and periodontitis is believed to be one of several risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. This cross-sectional, epidemiological study aimed to investigate the prevalence of periodontal diseases among pregnant women in the Qassim region and its association as a possible risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Materials and Methodology:
This was a cross-sectional, epidemiological study of 380 pregnant women from the 8th week postconception to parturition who were attending to Maternal and Children's Hospital in Buraidah, Qassim, KSA. The data were collected through questionnaire and oral examination. Plaque scores (Silness and Loe) and gingival disease scores (Ramfjord Periodontal Disease Index [PDI]) were used to assess oral hygiene status. The questionnaire data collected included gestational age, plaque control habits, previous incidences of premature birth, and awareness of expectant mothers about periodontal disease.

Results:
Data were collected for 380 participants. Our results based on the plaque index and PDI showed that all (100%) of these 380 pregnant women suffered periodontal diseases (gingivitis 78.9% and periodontitis 21.1%). The distribution of gingivitis was the highest among 3rd trimester patients and lowest among 1st trimester patients. Mild-to-moderate types of periodontitis (4 mm–5 mm) were more prevalent among the participants compared with severe (more than 6 mm) forms of periodontitis with a higher prevalence in the 3rd trimester (7–9 months) of gestational age.

Conclusions:
A very strong significant association of pregnancy and periodontal disease in the Saudi population (Qassim Region) and periodontal disease is risk factor for PTB and LBWB for these patients.
Impact of Tooth Loss Position on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults Treated in the Community
Authors: Imam Ahmad Yahya 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Tooth loss is known to have negative effects on both functional and psychological oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), but the impact of the position of the tooth loss (i.e. anterior or posterior) on the different psychosocial dimensions of OHRQoL has yet to be examined. Here, we examined how the position of lost teeth impacts the different dimensions of OHRQoL.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study of adults aged 18 years and older attending routine examinations at primary care dental centers in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Demographic information was collected, and OHRQoL was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) (Arabic form). Differences in total and subdomain OHIP-14 scores between individuals without tooth loss and those with ≥1 anterior or posterior missing teeth were assessed using Student's t-test, and analysis of covariance was used to assess the association between the presence and absence of missing teeth in each compartment and total and subdomain OHIP-14 scores after controlling for age, gender, and income.

Results:
The overall prevalence of tooth loss was 76%. In multivariate analysis controlling for age, gender, and income as covariates, anterior missing teeth were significantly associated with higher OHIP-14 total, physical pain, physical disability, psychological disability, and social disability scores, accounting for 6%–12% of the score variance. However, posterior missing teeth were only associated with total OHIP-14 and functional limitations domain scores, accounting for 6% and 7% of the variance, respectively.

Conclusions:
Here, we show for the first time the impact of the location of missing teeth on different OHRQoL dimensions. Anterior tooth loss has a wide-ranging impact on both physical and psychosocial functioning compared to posterior tooth loss, suggesting that anterior tooth restoration should be prioritized when treatment planning. The position of lost teeth must be considered in addition to the number of losses when examining the impact of tooth loss and its treatment on OHRQoL.