bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing cognitive and behavioral approaches for perinatal depression: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis
Authors: Waqas Ahmed , Zafar Syeda Wajeeha , Akhtar Parveen , Naveed Sadiq , Rahman Atif 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) have been demonstrated efficacious in treating perinatal depression (PND). This has been demonstrated in several meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies. However, there is a need for up-to-date meta-analytical evidence providing reliable estimates for CBT’s effectiveness in treating and preventing PND. Furthermore, with the world moving toward precision medicine, approaches require a critical synthesis of psychotherapies, especially to unpack their mechanisms of action and to understand what approaches work best for whom. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-regression analyses aim to answer these research questions.We searched six academic databases through February 2022 and identified 56 studies for an in-depth review. Using pretested data extraction sheets, we extracted patient-level and intervention-level characteristics and effect size data from each study. Random-effects meta-analyses and mixed-effect subgroup analyses were run to delineate the effectiveness and moderators of CBT interventions for PND, respectively. CBT-based interventions yielded a strong effect size (SMD = −0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.91 to −0.56,n = 9,722) in alleviating depressive symptoms. These interventions were effective across different delivery formats (individual, group, and electronic) and could be delivered effectively by specialists and nonspecialists. Longer duration CBT interventions may not necessarily be more effective than shorter ones. Moreover, CBT-based interventions should consider including various behavioral ingredients to maximize intervention benefits.
A low-cost prosthetic orbital simulation model for endoscopic anterior ethmoid artery ligation
Authors: Yapp J , Sebastian R , Khwaja S 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to develop and evaluate a low-cost orbital prosthesis for simulation of endoscopically assisted intra-orbital anterior ethmoidal artery ligation.MethodsA low-cost orbital prosthesis was built and evaluated by ENT surgical trainees. Feedback was given following the assessment in the form of a face validity questionnaire.ResultsResults were scored on a Likert scale of 1–7 (low to high). Trainees had limited exposure to the procedure (40 per cent) and predominantly low levels of confidence (mean, 3.67) that correlated with a lack of first-hand experience. The anatomy and likeness to human tissue of the prosthesis were both ranked highly, with mean scores of 5.0 and 4.93, respectively.ConclusionThe results of this study support the idea that a simple anatomical prosthesis for the simulation of endoscopic anterior ethmoidal artery ligation can be created with potential value to otolaryngology surgical training. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first documentation of simulated surgical epistaxis management using an artificial anatomical model.
Population parameters, performance and insights into factors influencing the reproduction of the black rhinocerosDiceros bicornisin Namibia
Authors: Muntifering Jeff R. , Guerier Abigail , Beytell Piet , Stratford Ken 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEstimating the population parameters, performance and factors that influence reproduction from long-term, individual-based monitoring data is the gold standard for effective wildlife management and conservation. Yet this information is often difficult and costly to collect or inaccessible to managers. We synthesized a 20-year set of individual-based monitoring data from a subset of black rhinocerosDiceros bicornissubpopulations across a range of environmental conditions in Namibia. Our findings demonstrate that despite the relatively arid landscape in Namibia, the black rhinoceros metapopulation is performing well, measured by age at first reproduction, inter-birth interval, population growth and survivorship. Information-theoretic modelling revealed that a univariate model including normalized differential vegetative index had a greater influence upon age at first reproduction than population density. The inter-birth interval model set identified cumulative rainfall during the 15 months prior to the birth month as the top model, although the mean normalized differential vegetative index during the inter-birth interval was comparable. There was little evidence for density-dependence effects on reproduction. These findings suggest that although browse quality could have a greater impact on parameters spanning multiple years, shorter-term parameters could be more influenced by rainfall. Our analysis also revealed a synchronous pattern of conceptions occurring in the rainy season. Our study provides a set of population parameter estimates for Namibian black rhinoceros subpopulations and preliminary insights on factors driving their reproduction. These expand our collective knowledge of global black rhinoceros population dynamics and improve our confidence and capability to adaptively manage the black rhinoceros metapopulation of Namibia.
Value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of ureteral tuberculosis from ureteral malignant tumour in women
Authors: Zhang Wenzhi , Yang Gaoyi , Xu Jianping , Wang Dali , Ni Tu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features of ureteral tuberculosis (UTB) and ureteral malignant tumour and to explore its application value in the differentiation of UTB from ureteral tumour. The ultrasound (US) and CEUS imaging features of 33 and 12 cases of pathologically confirmed UTB and ureteral malignant tumour, respectively, were retrospectively evaluated, and echo of the ureteral wall, abnormal echo of the lumen, degree of ureteral dilation and CEUS patterns of the two diseases were statistically analysed. The results revealed that the lumen echo of UTB was hyperechoic or anechoic, whereas that of ureteral tumour lesions was hypoechoic (χ2 = 28.22, P < 0.001). The wall echo of the obstruction site differed between the two diseases; in UTB, the ureteral wall was thickened but the outer wall remained intact, whereas in ureteral tumour, both the malignant tumour wall and outer wall were irregular (χ2 = 30.25, P < 0.001). CEUS of UTB revealed nonenhancement or heterogeneous enhancement in the lumen, whereas that of ureteral tumours revealed significant homogeneous enhancement (χ2 = 30.25, P < 0.001). Thus, CEUS can reveal lesion microcirculation and be used to evaluate blood supply characteristics in the lesion, indicating that it has high potential for differentiating the two diseases.
DiD IT?: a differences-in-differences investigation tool to quantify the impact of local incidents on public health using real-time syndromic surveillance health data
Authors: Morbey Roger , Todkill Dan , DeAngelis Daniella , Charlett Andre , Elliot Alex 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSyndromic surveillance was originally developed to provide early warning compared to laboratory surveillance, but it is increasing used for real-time situational awareness. When a potential threat to public health is identified, a rapid assessment of its impact is required for public health management. When threats are localised, analysis is more complex as local trends need to be separated from national trends and differences compared to unaffected areas may be due to confounding factors such as deprivation or age distributions. Accounting for confounding factors usually requires an in-depth study, which takes time. Therefore, a tool is required which can provide a rapid estimate of local incidents using syndromic surveillance data.Here, we present ‘DiD IT?’, a new investigation tool designed to measure the impact of local threats to public health. ‘DiD IT?’ uses a difference-in-differences statistical approach to account for temporal and spatial confounding and provide a direct estimate of impact due to incidents. Temporal confounding differences are estimated by comparing unaffected locations during and outside of exposure periods. Whilst spatial confounding differences are estimated by comparing unaffected and exposed locations outside of the exposure period. Any remaining differences can be considered to be the direct effect of the local incident.We illustrate the potential utility of the tool through four examples of localised health protection incidents in England. The examples cover a range of data sources including general practitioner (GP) consultations, emergency department (ED) attendances and a telehealth call and online health symptom checker; and different types of incidents including, infectious disease outbreak, mass-gathering, extreme weather and an industrial fire. The examples use the UK Health Security Agency's ongoing real-time syndromic surveillance systems to show how results can be obtained in near real-time.The tool identified 700 additional online difficulty breathing assessments associated with a severe thunderstorm, 53 additional GP consultations during a mumps outbreak, 2–3 telehealth line calls following an industrial fire and that there was no significant increase in ED attendances during the G7 summit in 2021.DiD IT? can provide estimates for the direct impact of localised events in real-time as part of a syndromic surveillance system. Thus, it has the potential for enhancing surveillance and can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of extending national surveillance to a more granular local surveillance.
Department Research Productivity in 19 Scholarly Political Science Journals (1990–2018)
Authors: Garand James C. , Qi Dan , Magaña Max 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTThis article reports new rankings of journal research productivity for PhD-granting political science departments during the past three decades. Using data on all authors and articles published in 19 leading general and subfield political science journals from 1990 to 2018, we compiled a count of department publications in these journals, weighted by the number of authors, department faculty size, and journal impact measures reported by Garand et al. (2009). We find that there is a discernible ranking of political science departments in terms of journal research productivity. The observed rankings are strongly but imperfectly related to the U.S. News & World Report (2022) reputational rankings of political science departments. We do find, however, that some political science departments have higher or lower levels of research productivity than would be suggested by their reputational rankings.
The combined consumption of fresh/minimally processed food and ultra-processed food on food insecurity: COVID Inconfidentes, a population-based survey
Authors: Coletro Hillary Nascimento , Menezes-Júnior Luiz Antônio Alves de , Mendonça Raquel de Deus , Meireles Adriana Lúcia , Machado-Coelho George Luiz Lins , Menezes Mariana Carvalho de 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjective:To investigate whether the combined consumption of fresh/minimally processed and ultra-processed food is associated with food insecurity (FI) during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design:Cross-sectional observational study was derived from a survey using a population-based search of a complex sample. FI was assessed using the validated Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Food consumption was assessed using a qualitative FFQ and the NOVA classification for fresh/minimally processed food and ultra-processed food. A scoring system was used to evaluate combined food consumption according to the extent and purpose of processing, considering the weekly consumption of the two groups (according to the NOVA classification). Higher punctuation reflects worse diet quality (higher consumption of ultra-processed foods and lower consumption of fresh/minimally processed foods). A theoretical causality model was constructed using a directed acyclic graph, and multivariate analysis was performed using Poisson regression to test the association between FI and food consumption.Setting:Ouro Preto and Mariana, Brazil, between October and December 2020.Participants:An epidemiological household survey was conducted with 1753 individuals selected through a stratified and clustered sampling design in three stages.Results:Those with food consumption scores in the fourth quartile had a 60 % higher prevalence ratio (PR) for FI (PR: 1·60 and 95 % CI: 1·06 - 2·40). Also, the increased consumption of fresh/minimally processed foods and low consumption of ultra-processed foods presented a 45 % lower prevalence ratio of FI (PR: 0·55 and 95 % CI: 0·40 – 0·80).Conclusion:These results indicate an inverse association between FI and diet quality.
Leroy L. Cogger: A Pioneer in Optical Observations From Space
Authors: Yau Andrew W. , Howarth Andrew D. , Knudsen David J. , Murphree J. Sandy , Trondsen Trond S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis perspective is in memory of Leroy Leonard Cogger, a pioneer in optical imaging of the aurora and the airglow, who passed away in October 2022 in Canada at the age of 85. In his 40‐plus‐year career, which spans both space and ground‐based optical instrumentation and observations, Dr. Cogger has made significant contributions to the development of instruments for several space missions and ground observatories, including the world's first truly digital (charge‐coupled device) camera to be used in the field, the UV auroral imagers for the Swedish Viking and Freja satellites, the NASA IMAGE satellite, and the Russian INTERBALL‐2 satellite, respectively, and the fast near‐infrared auroral imager on the Canadian CASSIOPE/Enhanced Polar Outflow Probe satellite. He has also collaborated and mentored the next generation of space scientists in Canada and Europe in many areas of auroral and airglow research; he was particularly adept at combining diverse observations to provide insight into a wide array of atmospheric phenomena. His legacies go well beyond his contributions in the peer‐reviewed literature and innovative instrumentation: his scientific vision and leadership played an indispensable role in the Canadian space science research agenda, and his commitment to mentoring has left an indelible mark on many of his students and associates. He exemplified AGU's motto of “Unselfish cooperation in research.” His gentle and quiet spirit, his passion for research and in making a difference in life will be very much missed by his many friends and colleagues in Canada and abroad alike, as will his great sense of humor.
Transient Response of Polar‐Cusp Ionosphere to an Interplanetary Shock
Authors: Liu Jianjun , Chakraborty Shibaji , Chen Xiangcai , Wang Zhiwei , He Fang , Hu Zejun , Liu Erxiao , Bat‐Erdene Amarjargal , Han Desheng , Ruohoniemi J. Michael , Baker Joseph B. H. , Yang Huigen , Zong Qiugang , Hu Hongqiao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInterplanetary (IP) shock‐driven sudden compression of the Earth's magnetosphere produces electromagnetic disturbances in the polar ionosphere. Several studies have examined the effects of IP shock on magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling systems using all‐sky cameras and radars. In this study, we examine responses and drivers of the polar ionosphere following an IP shock compression on 16 June 2012. We observe the vertical drift and concurrent horizontal motion of the plasma. Observations from digisonde located at Antarctic Zhongshan station (ZHO) showed an ionospheric thick E region ionization and associated vertical downward plasma motion at F region. In addition, horizontal ionospheric convection reversals were observed on the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network ZHO and McMurdo radar observations. Findings suggest that the transient convective reversal breaks the original shear equilibrium, it is expected that the IP shock‐induced electric field triggers an enhanced velocity shear mapping to the E region. The horizontal motion of the plasma was attributed to only the dusk‐to‐dawn electric field that existed during the preliminary phase of sudden impulse. We also found that ionospheric convection reversals were driven by a downward field‐aligned current. The results of these observations reveal, for the first time, the immediate and direct cusp ionosphere response to the IP shock, which is critical for understanding the global response of the magnetosphere following an abrupt change in Interplanetory Magnetic Field (IMF) and solar wind conditions.
Modeling Features of Field Line Resonance Observable by a Single Spacecraft at Saturn
Authors: Elsden T. , Southwood D. J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe observations of Southwood et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028473), using data from the Cassini magnetometer from the final (proximal) orbits of the mission at Saturn, show large scale azimuthally polarized magnetic signals are always present near periapsis. The signals were attributed to standing Alfvén waves excited on the magnetic shells planetward of the Saturn D‐ring. The apparent absence of any systematic variation in frequency as the spacecraft crossed magnetic shells, implied that the signals were not simply locally excited standing Alfvén modes, but were pumped by coupling to global compressional eigenmodes excited in a cavity formed in the dayside magnetosphere. In this study, we use a numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model to test such theoretical explanations for the observations, by examining in detail the MHD wave coupling and large scale spatial structure of the signals. The modeling not only shows good agreement with the data but further provides new insight into features previously overlooked in the data. In particular, we show how the apparent frequency of a single spacecraft observation is affected by the phase variation present in a local field line resonance.
The Mechanism for the Barrier of Lunar Regolith on the Migration of Water Molecules
Authors: Li Yasheng , Wen Zhi , He Chengdan , Wei Yanjing , Gao Qiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper reports the study of potential water retention mechanisms based on the migration process of water molecules in the lunar regolith. First, we propose innovative definitions for the adsorption barrier coefficient, the collision barrier coefficient, and the total barrier coefficient for water molecule migration in the lunar regolith. Second, we derive an equation that relates the different barrier coefficients. Finally, we develop an equation for the diffusion coefficient of water in the regolith. The results are as follows. The collision barrier coefficient is a function of the soil layer porosity and pore number density and increases with increasing pore number density and decreasing porosity. The adsorption barrier coefficient depends on the soil temperature, adsorption heat, porosity, and pore number density and decreases sharply with increasing temperature. The adsorptive capacity of lunar soil to adsorb water molecules increases with increasing the adsorption barrier coefficient. For soil layers with a lower temperature, adsorption plays a more important role than collision in hindering the migration of molecules in the regolith. The total barrier coefficient increases with decreasing temperature, increasing adsorption heat, decreasing porosity, and increasing pore number density. Our results suggest that the water loss rate is inversely proportional to the total barrier coefficient. The water loss rate decreases with decreasing soil temperature, increasing adsorption heat, decreasing porosity, and increasing pore number density. Namely, water is more likely to be retained in areas where the regolith has a low temperature, large adsorption heat, and both low porosity and large pore number density.
Spatial Patterns of Major Ions and Their Relationship to Sediment Concentration in Near Surface Glacier Ice, Taylor Valley Antarctica
Authors: Bergstrom A. , Welch K. A. , Gooseff M. N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGlaciers form the headwaters of many watersheds and, in arid polar environments, can provide the vast majority of water to downstream systems. Headwater watersheds are critically important for setting the chemistry for downstream systems, yet we know comparatively little about the patterns and processes that generate the geochemical signature of meltwater on glacier surfaces. Here, we focus on glaciers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, the largest ice‐free area on the continent, characterized by alpine glaciers flowing into broad, rocky valleys. We examine patterns from the coast inland, accumulation to ablation zones, laterally across individual glaciers, and through the zone of meltwater generation. We directly compare solutes to sediment concentrations, a major source of dissolved solutes. Our findings agree with previous work that the overall meltwater chemistry of a given glacier is a product of local sediment sources and regional wind patterns: foehn winds moving from the ice sheet to the coast and on‐shore sea breezes. Further, these patterns hold across an individual glacier. Finally, we find that the ice chemistry and sediment profiles reflect freeze‐thaw and melt processes that occur at depth. This indicates that the transport and weathering of sediment in the ice profile likely has a strong influence on supra‐ and proglacial stream chemistry. This new understanding strengthens connections between physical and geochemical processes in cold‐based polar glacier environments and helps us better understand the processes driving landscape and ecosystem connectivity.
Exploring Mission Design for Imaging Spectroscopy Retrievals for Land and Aquatic Ecosystems
Authors: Raiho A. M. , Cawse‐Nicholson K. , Chlus A. , Dozier J. , Gierach M. , Miner K. , Schneider F. , Schimel D. , Serbin S. , Shiklomanov A. N. , Thompson D. R. , Townsend P. A. , Zareh S. , Skiles M. , Poulter B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe retrieval algorithms used for optical remote sensing satellite data to estimate Earth's geophysical properties have specific requirements for spatial resolution, temporal revisit, spectral range and resolution, and instrument signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) performance to meet biogeoscience objectives. Studies to estimate surface properties from hyperspectral data use a range of algorithms sensitive to various sources of spectroscopic uncertainty, which are in turn influenced by mission architecture choices. Retrieval algorithms vary across scientific fields and may be more or less sensitive to mission architecture choices that affect spectral, spatial, or temporal resolutions and spectrometer SNR. We used representative remote sensing algorithms across terrestrial and aquatic study domains to inform aspects of mission design that are most important for impacting accuracy in each scientific area. We simulated the propagation of uncertainties in the retrieval process including the effects of different instrument configuration choices. We found that retrieval accuracy and information content degrade consistently at >10 nm spectral resolution, >30 m spatial resolution, and >8‐day revisit. In these studies, the noise reduction associated with lower spatial resolution improved accuracy vis à vis high spatial resolution measurements. The interplay between spatial resolution, temporal revisit, and SNR can be quantitatively assessed for imaging spectroscopy missions and used to identify key components of algorithm performance and mission observing criteria.