bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of transfer learning models in EEG-based authentication
Authors: Yap Hui Yen , Choo Yun-Huoy , Mohd Yusoh Zeratul Izzah , Khoh Wee How 
Published: August 2023

AbstractElectroencephalogram(EEG)-based authentication has received increasing attention from researchers as they believe it could serve as an alternative to more conventional personal authentication methods. Unfortunately, EEG signals are non-stationary and could be easily contaminated by noise and artifacts. Therefore, further processing of data analysis is needed to retrieve useful information. Various machine learning approaches have been proposed and implemented in the EEG-based domain, with deep learning being the most current trend. However, retaining the performance of a deep learning model requires substantial computational effort and a vast amount of data, especially when the models go deeper to generate consistent results. Deep learning models trained with small data sets from scratch may experience an overfitting issue. Transfer learning becomes an alternative solution. It is a technique to recognize and apply the knowledge and skills learned from the previous tasks to a new domain with limited training data. This study attempts to explore the applicability of transferring various pre-trained models’ knowledge to the EEG-based authentication domain. A self-collected database that consists of 30 subjects was utilized in the analysis. The database enrolment is divided into two sessions, with each session producing two sets of EEG recording data. The frequency spectrums of the preprocessed EEG signals are extracted and fed into the pre-trained models as the input data. Three experimental tests are carried out and the best performance is reported with accuracy in the range of 99.1–99.9%. The acquired results demonstrate the efficiency of transfer learning in authenticating an individual in this domain.
Implementation of patient navigation program: Experience in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital as one of the first pilot projects in Indonesia.
Authors: Giselvania Angela , Radityamurti Fahmi , Gondhowiardjo Soehartati 
Published: August 2023

104 Background: Successful cancer treatment depends on many factors, not merely only medical aspects, but also other things, such as patients’ ability to comply the treatment schedule, patients’ understanding of the treatment steps and process, to avoid delay in administrative process, etc. These non-medical aspects are significantly affects patients ability to complete the treatment, especially in developing country including Indonesia. This study aims to empower a group of patient navigator (PN) in a Radiation Oncology Unit in one of the biggest national top referral hospital in Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Methods: For the preparation of the project, 14 lay patient navigators and 1 physical navigator who were all cancer survivors nor volunteer from the Cancer Information and Support Center (CISC) Group, were trained for basic patient navigation training and basic cancer knowledge, as well as communication skills training. The navigators also trained for emergency response (basic life support, hospital emergency codes and responses, etc). This program is under supervision of the American Cancer Society (ACS). As for the flow of the process, all new cancer patients in the Department will be introduced to PN for screening of their non-medical aspects potential barriers using a self-made questionnaire. Fourteen risk potential problems are listed in the questionnaires, including accommodation, transportation, financial, psycho-social and family/support system problems. Results: The program was launched in September 2022 in the Department of Radiation Oncology Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Patients with all cancer types are included in the program. Until Feb 2023, more than 500 patients have been screened for their potential barriers in going through the treatment. Most of the significant helps given by the PN were allocating a free accommodation for the patients living far from the hospital, free transportation pick up to the hospital, home visits for those who drop outs from treatment and give the supports needed to come back to therapy, and psychosocial-emotional supports. Conclusions: Patient navigation program in our Department was found to be effective in helping our cancer patients completing their treatment.
Factors associated with adverse outcome in pediatric oncology patients with febrile neutropenia: A prospective cohort study from India.
Authors: Dabas Aditya , Sharma Vagisha , Singh Amitabh , Kriplani Kushal , Gaind Rajni , Gera Rani 
Published: August 2023

117 Background: Febrile neutropenia is a frequent complication in pediatric cancer patients on chemotherapy. Mortality rates from infections in this population range from 0.1-4%. Several studies from developed countries have reported the duration of fever, duration of neutropenia, comorbidities, absolute monocyte count (AMC), CRP, etc to be important predictors of a high-risk FN episode. Low medium-income countries' (LMIC) outcome data lags behind those from developed countries. Infection-associated mortality in children with febrile neutropenia is one of the major contributors to adverse outcomes. The study aims to find predictors of mortality in children with febrile neutropenia in low-income settings. Methods: A prospective cohort study of children aged 1-12 years who developed Febrile neutropenia with ongoing chemotherapy was carried out between 1st November 2019 to 31st March 2021. A comprehensive history related to demography, symptomatology, underlying disease, treatment and febrile neutropenia was documented. Study participants were followed up till the end point of the study to record outcomes. Results: A total of 131 children(mean age 6.57 years) were enrolled in the study. Of these 77.1% were males. The majority of patients had ALL (64.1 % had B cell and 20.6% had T cell ALL) followed by AML(8.4%) and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma(3.8%). The average length of hospital stay was 10 days. In-hospital mortality was 9.2%. Duration of hospitalization of more than 10 days and that of febrile neutropenia of more than a week were found to be independently associated with mortality. Absolute phagocyte counts of less than a hundred(9.1%), hemodynamic instability(29.2%), and Grade 3-4 undernutrition(8.4%) were also associated with increased mortality. Lower Absolute neutrophil count and higher procalcitonin levels on days 3 and 5 of hospitalization were also associated with patient mortality. Gender, age, baseline cancer diagnosis and infection profile during FN episode did not affect patient outcome. The cycle of chemotherapy and the time since the last dose did not affect patient outcomes. Conclusions: Malnutrition, duration of hospital stay, duration of neutropenia, absolute phagocytic count, hemodynamic instability, procalcitonin, and absolute neutrophil count were independent risk factors of mortality. Overall mortality in our study was 9.1 %. In LMIC, mortality remains high due to poor hygiene, the low education level of the population, and poor socioeconomic status.
Trajectories of depression and anxiety among older cancer survivors: A group-based trajectory analysis of a nationally representative cohort.
Authors: Pu Junlan , Pu Junlan , Shang Shaomei , Zeng Wen 
Published: August 2023

130 Background: Depression and anxiety are common for cancer survivors, especially those aged 65 years or older, which are negatively associated with quality of life and survival. A few studies have described the average population level of longitudinal change in depression and anxiety, but they may not capture the inter-individual variability of the longitudinal trajectory, especially in older cancer survivors. The aims of the current study were to (1) describe the trajectory patterns of depression and anxiety over time among older cancer survivors; (2) examine the socio-demographic and health-related predictors of different subgroups of trajectories. Methods: We used data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a nationally representative cohort study. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-2 were used to assess levels of depression and anxiety. The group-based trajectory model was used to identify the distinct trajectories of depression and anxiety from 2015 to 2021. Design-based multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the socio-demographic and health-related predictors of different trajectories. All analyses accounted for the complex sample design (stratification and primary sampling units) and survey weights. Results: A total of 1,766 older cancer survivors were included, and the average prevalence of depression and anxiety from 2015 to 2021 was 27.14%. Four trajectories of depression and anxiety were identified: robust (48.9%), deteriorating (24.1%), meliorating (11.0%), and sustained-high (16.1%). Older cancer survivors were at a sustained-high depression and anxiety trajectory if they were older, female, reported poorer health, had a worse cognitive function, and had more difficulty in activities of daily living ( P<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings highlight the heterogeneity and complexity of the depression and anxiety process in older cancer survivors. This study helps identify patients at a high risk of depression and anxiety and develop more individualized strategies to ameliorate the mental health of older cancer survivors.
Clinical validation of a ctDNA-based assay for multi-cancer detection: An interim report from a Vietnamese longitudinal prospective cohort study of 2795 participants.
Authors: Nguyen Hanh Thi-Hue , Tran Le Son 
Published: August 2023

135 Background: Cancer is a major public health and economic issue and is the leading cause of death worldwide. Up to 80% of cancer patients in Vietnam were diagnosed at stage III or stage IV, leading to a a low 5-year survival rate compared to other countries. Early cancer screening assays capable of identifying early-stage cancer patients among high-risk or asymptomatic individuals are essential to achieve better treatment outcomes and reduced mortality. We previously developed a multimodal LB-based assay named Screening for the Presence Of Tumor by Methylation And Size (SPOT-MAS) to detect the five most common cancer types in Vietnam (liver, breast, colorectal, gastric, and lung cancer). To be successfully applied as a population-wide screening test, the clinical performance of SPOT-MAS needs to be validated in a prospective study. Methods: Herein, we launched a prospective cohort study named K-DETEK (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05227261) at 13 major hospitals and one research institute in Vietnam to assess the feasibility and performance of SPOT-MAS in a multi-center clinical trial setting. Our study recruited 10,000 asymptomatic participants participants aged 40 years or older and followed-up for 6 and 12 months. The performance was assessed by computing the number of cases with the detection of a signal (n, %), including a positive predictive value (PPV) and accuracy in detecting tumor tissue-of-origin (TOO). Results: At the time of abstract submission, our analysis of 2795 participants demonstrated its ability to detect cancers in asymptomatic individuals with a positive predictive value of 60%, with 83.3% accuracy in detecting tumor location. Furthermore, we presented a case report to support further using SPOT-MAS as a complementary method to achieve early cancer detection and provide the opportunity for early treatment. Conclusions: Our study has demonstrated the clinical application of a multi-cancer blood test in a low- and middle-income country like Vietnam, where a nationwide cancer screening program is urgently needed but currently not available. Beyond detecting cancer signals, our test predicted the tumor location, allowing clinicians to fast-track the follow-up diagnostic and guide any necessary treatment. Keywords: liquid biopsy, ctDNA, clinical validation, prospective trial, cancer screening. Clinical trial information: NCT05227261 .
The role of natural language processing techniques versus conventional methods to gain ICI safety insights from unstructured EHR data.
Authors: Block Matthew Stephen , Barman Hannah , Venkateswaran Sriram , Del Santo Antonio Giuseppe , Yoo Unice , Silvert Eli , Chandler G Scott , Wagner Tyler , Mohindra Rajat 
Published: August 2023

136 Background: Studies using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes have aimed to characterize the safety profile of cancer therapies in the Real-World Data setting, but this approach has limitations including an inability to illustrate patient journey and offer insights into drug-Adverse Event (AE) causality. Using data from a cohort of ~9000 patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) at Mayo Clinic, we recently demonstrated the feasibility of applying Augmented Curation (AC), a natural language processing (NLP)-based innovation, on unstructured electronic health record (EHR) data to detect and characterize immune related AEs (irAEs). While the ability to identify and extract clinical details from EHRs has been previously demonstrated, our approach focuses on applying these techniques to identify implied textual causality of drug-event pairs. This study aims to build upon our prior findings and compare the accuracy, speed, and resource savings enabled by AC analysis versus manual review of patient notes. Methods: We compared the prevalence of adrenal insufficiency, colitis, and hypophysitis (A.C.H) among ICI patients at Mayo Clinic using ICD codes and AC which leverages SciBERT to perform scientific NLP tasks. AC models trained to identify drug-adverse event relationships were used to assess irAEs and subsequent treatments and demonstrated strong performance with F1 scores of 0.85. Manual curation of relevant clinical data, i.e. medications and adverse events, was employed to create a “gold standard” A.C.H. cohort. Time required for manual review compared to AC was documented for overall comparison. Corticosteroid/immunosuppressant use and ICI discontinuations were used as proxies of severity. Results: In our cohort, 540 unique patients experienced at least one of the A.C.H. irAEs. A.C.H patients were found to receive corticosteroids for their respective irAE 79% of the time and discontinued the ICI due to the irAE 7.7% of the time. 6.1% of Colitis patients were treated with a 2L immunosuppressant. Similar to the previous study, AC showed higher sensitivity, PPV and NPV compared to ICD codes alone within the A.C.H. cohort. Sentence extraction and entity classification using AC models on all 9,000-patients took ~10 minutes, whereas manual review of this cohort would take roughly 9 weeks (~10 minutes per patient). Conclusions: The results from this study reinforce that AC models are a valuable tool to comprehensively extract information and to impute relationships between entities, such as therapies and AEs. The AC models demonstrated better accuracy at a much greater speed compared to manual review of patient EHRs. Leveraging AC models provides the ability to manipulate unstructured clinical text married to structured EHR data at scale while minimizing need for manual curation.
Knowledge, attitude toward palliative care and associated factors among clinical nurses in Vietnam.
Authors: Thi Cuc Le , Minh Anh Duong , Quang Trung Truong 
Published: August 2023

137 Background: Nurses who offer palliative care must be knowledgeable about several aspects of caring for advanced cancer patient. The concept of palliative care is not widely discussed in Vietnam, and there needs to be more data regarding the knowledge and attitude of the nurses. This study’s objectives were to (1) Describe the knowledge and attitudes about palliative care of nurses and (2) Identify related factors with knowledge and attitudes about palliative care among those nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 118 nurses working in a University Hospital. The Palliative Care Quiz for Nursing (PCQN) and The Frommelt Attitude Towards Care of the Dying Scale (FATCOD) were used to measure the participants' knowledge and attitude toward Palliative care. The 34-item of PCQN used a ‘true/ false/don’t know’ format with possible scores ranging from 0 to 34. The FATCOD consists of 30 items, Positive items were scored from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Possible scores ranged from 30 to 150. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used to analyze the data. The level of significance for all analyses was set at less than 0.05. Results: There were 118 nurses completed the questionnaire. Most participants were female (69.5%) and younger than 25 years (84.7%). Nearly two-thirds of nurses had graduate and postgraduate degrees (67.8%) and 62% of nurses had more than five years of working experience. 24% of nurses have received palliative care training, and 96% of nurses wanted to learn palliative care, 85% of nurses reported that palliative care is necessary for their work. Most of them (78%) had moderate palliative care knowledge; only 31% of the nurses had a positive attitude toward palliative care. A significant relationship was found between working experience and a positive attitude toward palliative care (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Nurses’ knowledge and attitude about palliative care were not high. Clinical nurses need more education to develop their palliative care knowledge and skills. Palliative care should be added to the curriculum for undergraduate students.
The preventive effects of early short-course corticosteroids on immune-related adverse events in non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Authors: Huang Derek , Liao Bin-Chi , Cheng Ann-Lii , Yang James Chih-Hsin , Shen Ying-Chun 
Published: August 2023

144 Background: Corticosteroid is effective in treating immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced immune-related adverse events (irAEs). However, whether its earlier use prevents irAEs remains unknown. In real-world practice, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving combined immunochemotherapy are often given corticosteroids right after ICI injection to reduce subsequent chemotherapy-related adverse events. It is thus an ideal model to examine whether this earlier use of corticosteroid also reduce irAEs following immunotherapy. Methods: NSCLC patients receiving at least one cycle of ICI with or without chemotherapy were enrolled. Patients receiving ICI with corticosteroid corticosteroid premedication exposure were categorized as “corticosteroid group (CS)”, whereas patients receiving ICI without corticosteroids premedication exposure were categorized as “non-corticosteroid group (non-CS)”. Frequency of irAEs prompting systemic corticosteroid or leading to ICI discontinuation were compared between the two groups. Exploratory survival analysis was performed. Results: Among 252 eligible patients, 137 patients were categorized as CS group, and 115 patients as non-CS group. 21.9% of patients in the CS group and 30.4% of patients in the non-CS group developed irAEs prompting systemic corticosteroid use (Odds ratio [OR], 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35 to 1.18; p=0.15). 5.8% of patients in the CS group and 15.7% of patients in the non-CS group developed irAEs leading to ICI discontinuation (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.85; p=0.013). In the exploratory survival analysis, early short-course corticosteroids was not associated with a higher risk for death in first-line patients (hazard ratio [HR], 1.06; 95% CI, 0.56–2) or patients receiving immunochemotherapy (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.37–1.45). Conclusions: Early short-course corticosteroids following each ICI injection may reduce the rate of irAEs that leads to ICIs discontinuation. The use of prophylactic corticosteroids on irAEs in cancer patients receiving ICIs should be evaluated in future prospective studies. [Table: see text]
Role of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor in uveal melanoma and its association with clinicopathological parameters.
Authors: Jha Jayanti , Singh Mithalesh Kumar , Singh Lata , Neiwete Lomi , Pushker Neelam , Sen Seema , Kashyap Seema 
Published: August 2023

153 Background: High melanin content could lead to high metastatic potential in Uveal Melanoma (UM). In the Asian population, Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor (MITF) regulates the melanogenesis pathway and activates Silver Protein (SILV) for eumelanin synthesis. MITF also stimulates the hypoxia–inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) gene that regulates hypoxia around the tumor microenvironment. Although their oncogenic potential has been observed in a variety of malignancies, MITF and SILV have not been investigated in UM in the Asian population. Therefore, our study aimed to detect the prognostic significance of MITF, SILV, and HIF1-α gene/protein expression levels in UM patients. Methods: Immunohistochemistry of MITF, SILV & HIF-1 α was performed on 82 UM tissue samples. Western blot of all three markers was carried out on representative cases. The mRNA expression level was done by qRT-PCR in 70 fresh UM cases. Cox proportional hazard model and log-rank test were used to determine the prognostic outcome of these markers. Results: MITF and SILV proteins were expressed in 56% and 70% of cases, respectively. High pigmentation, BAP1 loss, and HIF-1α expression were statistically correlated with MITF and SILV protein expression. Upregulation of both genes was found in more than 50% of cases at the mRNA level. This was also statistically significant with high pigmentation and HIF-1α mRNA expression. High expression of MITF protein showed reduced disease-free survival. Conclusions: Our study highlighted the fact that MITF and SILV could be potential biomarkers in UM development. Hence, it might play a key role in future therapeutic target.