bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Middle to Late Holocene lake evolution and its links with westerlies and Asian monsoon in the middle part of the Hexi Corridor, NW China
Authors: Peng Simin , Li Yu , Zhou Xueru , Hao Lu , Liu Hebin , Zhang Zhansen , Li Haiye 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe interpretation and understanding of the relationship between Middle to Late Holocene climate change in monsoon margins of northwest China with the westerlies and Asian monsoon (AM) remain controversial. Here we present a new multi-proxy sedimentary dataset from the Heihe River basin in the middle part of the Hexi Corridor on the northern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), which is a sensitive zone for the interaction between the westerlies and AM. Fluctuations in grain size, δ13Corg, δ18O, magnetic susceptibility, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and C/N ratio document regional lake and climate evolution since 5334 cal yr BP. Results show that climate conditions on the millennial timescale are humid in the late Middle Holocene (MH) and dry to wet in the Late Holocene (LH). Combined with the multi-model ensemble simulation from PMIP3-CMIP5, high lake levels and wetter climate in the late MH are closely linked to the strengthening Asian summer monsoon. Simultaneously, the slight wetting trend since the late LH may be the superimposing effect of enhanced westerlies and the weakening Asian winter monsoon. These findings can provide insights into the interpretation of the interaction between the westerlies and AM during the Holocene in East Asia.
Currency Redenomination Risk
Authors: Kremens Lukas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA eurozone exit or breakup exposes bondholders to currency redenomination risk. I quantify redenomination risk since the sovereign debt crisis: It contributes substantially to credit spreads around changes in government in France and Italy. Bond prices suggest that markets have priced a potential Italian exit as isolated, and a French one as a breakup. Unlike conventional default risk, redenomination risk can be negative depending on the strength of the national “shadow” currency. Countries with strong shadow currencies earn breakup-insurance premia from the eurozone analog of “exorbitant privilege.” Yield effects are quantitatively large for implied exit probabilities as low as 1%.
New Perspective on Phase Space Density Analysis for Outer Radiation Belt Enhancements: The Influence of MeV Electron Injections
Authors: Kim H.‐J. , Kim K.‐C. , Noh S.‐J. , Lyons L. , Lee D.‐Y. , Choe W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObservation of growing phase space density (PSD) peak in the outer electron radiation belt has been considered evidence for local wave‐driven acceleration as a primary cause of radiation belt enhancement. However, recent studies showed that strong substorm‐associated MeV electron injections can also cause significant radiation belt enhancements on fast timescales (∼10s min). Such rapid enhancements pose challenges for determining true spatial PSD profiles. To address this, we conduct a detailed spatiotemporal analysis of electron flux and PSD during an enhancement event, using Van Allen Probes data. Our analysis reveals rapid and intermittent flux enhancements. During these rapid enhancements, inbound spacecraft observed false PSD peaks, due to spacecraft's relatively slow movement. However, we identify time intervals of stable fluxes between enhancements, enabling us to determine quasi‐stationary PSD profiles with no noticeable peaks. This study provides new insights into accurate PSD analysis, critical for understanding the mechanisms underlying radiation belt enhancements.
A spatially resolved timeline of the human maternal–fetal interface
Authors: Greenbaum Shirley , Averbukh Inna , Soon Erin , Rizzuto Gabrielle , Baranski Alex , Greenwald Noah F. , Kagel Adam , Bosse Marc , Jaswa Eleni G. , Khair Zumana , Kwok Shirley , Warshawsky Shiri , Piyadasa Hadeesha , Goldston Mako , Spence Angie , Miller Geneva , Schwartz Morgan , Graf Will , Van Valen David , Winn Virginia D. , Hollmann Travis , Keren Leeat , van de Rijn Matt , Angelo Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBeginning in the first trimester, fetally derived extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) invade the uterus and remodel its spiral arteries, transforming them into large, dilated blood vessels. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how EVTs coordinate with the maternal decidua to promote a tissue microenvironment conducive to spiral artery remodelling (SAR)1–3. However, it remains a matter of debate regarding which immune and stromal cells participate in these interactions and how this evolves with respect to gestational age. Here we used a multiomics approach, combining the strengths of spatial proteomics and transcriptomics, to construct a spatiotemporal atlas of the human maternal–fetal interface in the first half of pregnancy. We used multiplexed ion beam imaging by time-of-flight and a 37-plex antibody panel to analyse around 500,000 cells and 588 arteries within intact decidua from 66 individuals between 6 and 20 weeks of gestation, integrating this dataset with co-registered transcriptomics profiles. Gestational age substantially influenced the frequency of maternal immune and stromal cells, with tolerogenic subsets expressing CD206, CD163, TIM-3, galectin-9 and IDO-1 becoming increasingly enriched and colocalized at later time points. By contrast, SAR progression preferentially correlated with EVT invasion and was transcriptionally defined by 78 gene ontology pathways exhibiting distinct monotonic and biphasic trends. Last, we developed an integrated model of SAR whereby invasion is accompanied by the upregulation of pro-angiogenic, immunoregulatory EVT programmes that promote interactions with the vascular endothelium while avoiding the activation of maternal immune cells.
Mega-scale experimental analysis of protein folding stability in biology and design
Authors: Tsuboyama Kotaro , Dauparas Justas , Chen Jonathan , Laine Elodie , Mohseni Behbahani Yasser , Weinstein Jonathan J. , Mangan Niall M. , Ovchinnikov Sergey , Rocklin Gabriel J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAdvances in DNA sequencing and machine learning are providing insights into protein sequences and structures on an enormous scale1. However, the energetics driving folding are invisible in these structures and remain largely unknown2. The hidden thermodynamics of folding can drive disease3,4, shape protein evolution5–7 and guide protein engineering8–10, and new approaches are needed to reveal these thermodynamics for every sequence and structure. Here we present cDNA display proteolysis, a method for measuring thermodynamic folding stability for up to 900,000 protein domains in a one-week experiment. From 1.8 million measurements in total, we curated a set of around 776,000 high-quality folding stabilities covering all single amino acid variants and selected double mutants of 331 natural and 148 de novo designed protein domains 40–72 amino acids in length. Using this extensive dataset, we quantified (1) environmental factors influencing amino acid fitness, (2) thermodynamic couplings (including unexpected interactions) between protein sites, and (3) the global divergence between evolutionary amino acid usage and protein folding stability. We also examined how our approach could identify stability determinants in designed proteins and evaluate design methods. The cDNA display proteolysis method is fast, accurate and uniquely scalable, and promises to reveal the quantitative rules for how amino acid sequences encode folding stability.
Early contact between late farming and pastoralist societies in southeastern Europe
Authors: Penske Sandra , Rohrlach Adam B. , Childebayeva Ainash , Gnecchi-Ruscone Guido , Schmid Clemens , Spyrou Maria A. , Neumann Gunnar U. , Atanassova Nadezhda , Beutler Katrin , Boyadzhiev Kamen , Boyadzhiev Yavor , Bruyako Igor , Chohadzhiev Alexander , Govedarica Blagoje , Karaucak Mehmet , Krauss Raiko , Leppek Maleen , Manzura Igor , Privat Karen , Ross Shawn , Slavchev Vladimir , Sobotkova Adéla , Toderaş Meda , Valchev Todor , Ringbauer Harald , Stockhammer Philipp W. , Hansen Svend , Krause Johannes , Haak Wolfgang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractArchaeogenetic studies have described two main genetic turnover events in prehistoric western Eurasia: one associated with the spread of farming and a sedentary lifestyle starting around 7000–6000 bc (refs. 1–3) and a second with the expansion of pastoralist groups from the Eurasian steppes starting around 3300 bc (refs. 4,5). The period between these events saw new economies emerging on the basis of key innovations, including metallurgy, wheel and wagon and horse domestication6–9. However, what happened between the demise of the Copper Age settlements around 4250 bc and the expansion of pastoralists remains poorly understood. To address this question, we analysed genome-wide data from 135 ancient individuals from the contact zone between southeastern Europe and the northwestern Black Sea region spanning this critical time period. While we observe genetic continuity between Neolithic and Copper Age groups from major sites in the same region, from around 4500 bc on, groups from the northwestern Black Sea region carried varying amounts of mixed ancestries derived from Copper Age groups and those from the forest/steppe zones, indicating genetic and cultural contact over a period of around 1,000 years earlier than anticipated. We propose that the transfer of critical innovations between farmers and transitional foragers/herders from different ecogeographic zones during this early contact was integral to the formation, rise and expansion of pastoralist groups around 3300 bc.
Viruses participate in the organomineralization of travertines
Authors: Słowakiewicz Mirosław , Perri Edoardo , Tagliasacchi Ezher , Działak Paweł , Borkowski Andrzej , Gradziński Michał , Kele Sándor , Tucker Maurice E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTravertines, which precipitate from high temperature water saturated with calcium carbonate, are generally considered to be dominated by physico-chemical and microbial precipitates. Here, as an additional influence on organomineral formation, metagenomic data and microscopic analyses clearly demonstrate that highly diverse viral, bacterial and archaeal communities occur in the biofilms associated with several modern classic travertine sites in Europe and Asia, along with virus-like particles. Metagenomic analysis reveals that bacteriophages (bacterial viruses) containing icosahedral capsids and belonging to the Siphoviridae, Myoviridae and Podoviridae families are the most abundant of all viral strains, although the bacteriophage distribution does vary across the sampling sites. Icosahedral shapes of capsids are also the most frequently observed under the microscope, occurring as non-mineralized through to mineralized viruses and virus-like particles. Viruses are initially mineralized by Ca-Si amorphous precipitates with subordinate Mg and Al contents; these then alter to nanospheroids composed of Ca carbonate with minor silicate 80–300 nm in diameter. Understanding the roles of bacteriophages in modern carbonate-saturated settings and related organomineralization processes is critical for their broader inclusion in the geological record and ecosystem models.
Single-aperture spectro-interferometry in the visible at the Subaru telescope with FIRST: First on-sky demonstration on Keho‘oea (αLyrae) and Hokulei (αAurigae)
Authors: Vievard S. , Huby E. , Lacour S. , Guyon O. , Cvetojevic N. , Jovanovic N. , Lozi J. , Barjot K. , Deo V. , Duchêne G. , Kotani T. , Marchis F. , Rouan D. , Martin G. , Lallement M. , Lapeyrere V. , Martinache F. , Ahn K. , Skaf N. , Tamura M. , Leilehua Yuen D. , Leinani Lozi A. , Perrin G. 
Published: July 2023

Aims.FIRST is a spectro-interferometer combining, in the visible, the techniques of aperture masking and spatial filtering thanks to single-mode fibers. By turning a monolithic telescope into an interferometer, this instrument aims to deliver high contrast capabilities at spatial resolutions that are inaccessible to classical coronagraphic instruments.Methods.The technique implemented in the FIRST instrument is called pupil remapping: the telescope pupil is divided into subpupils by a segmented deformable mirror conjugated to a micro-lens array injecting light into single-mode fibers. The fiber outputs are rearranged in a nonredundant configuration, allowing simultaneous measurement of all baseline fringe patterns. The fringes are also spectrally dispersed, increasing the coherence length and providing precious spectral information. The optical setup of the instrument has been adapted to fit onto the SCExAO platform at the Subaru Telescope.Results.We present the first on-sky demonstration of the FIRST instrument at the Subaru telescope. We used eight subapertures of the 8.2-meter diameter pupil, each with a diameter of about 1 m. Closure phase measurements were extracted from the interference pattern to provide spatial information on the target. We tested the instrument on two types of targets : a point source (Keho’oea -αLyrae,mR= 0.1) and a binary system (Hokulei −αAurigae,mR= −0.52, and a semi-major axis = 56.4 mas). An average accuracy of 0.6° is achieved on the closure phase measurements of Keho‘oea, with a statistical error of about 0.15° at best. We estimate that the instrument can be sensitive to structures down to a quarter of the telescope spatial resolution. We measured the relative positions of Hokulei Aa and Ab with an accuracy ≲1 mas.Conclusions.FIRST opens new observing capabilities in the visible wavelength range at the Subaru Telescope. With SCExAO being a testing platform for high contrast imaging instrumentation for future 30-meter class telescopes, the successful demonstration and exploitation of FIRST is an important stepping stone for future interferometric instrumentation on extremely large telescopes.
Echinococcoses – A Primer for Radiologists
Authors: Weber Tim Frederik , Mokry Theresa , Stojkovic Marija 
Published: July 2023

Background Cystic (CE) and alveolar (AE) echinococcoses are zoonotic parasitoses that may pose diagnostic problems due to their relative rarity in Middle Europe.Methods Based on a recent literature search and the observation of casuistics from a national echinococcosis treatment center, epidemiological, radiological, and therapeutic fundamentals are presented and important differences between AE and CE are discussed.Results and Conclusion AE and CE must be regarded as completely different diseases, which differ from each other in every significant aspect. This applies not only to the epidemiological background of the patients but also to the biology of the diseases and their respective imaging features.Key Points: Citation Format
Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) in Neuroradiological Diagnostics – Methodological Overview and Use Cases
Authors: Sollmann Nico , Hoffmann Gabriel , Schramm Severin , Reichert Miriam , Hernandez Petzsche Moritz , Strobel Joachim , Nigris Lorenzo , Kloth Christopher , Rosskopf Johannes , Börner Corinna , Bonfert Michaela , Berndt Maria , Grön Georg , Müller Hans-Peter , Kassubek Jan , Kreiser Kornelia , Koerte Inga K. , Liebl Hans , Beer Ambros , Zimmer Claus , Beer Meinrad , Kaczmarz Stephan 
Published: July 2023

Background Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based technique using labeled blood-water of the brain-feeding arteries as an endogenous tracer to derive information about brain perfusion. It enables the assessment of cerebral blood flow (CBF).
Method This review aims to provide a methodological and technical overview of ASL techniques, and to give examples of clinical use cases for various diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS). There is a special focus on recent developments including super-selective ASL (ssASL) and time-resolved ASL-based magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and on diseases commonly not leading to characteristic alterations on conventional structural MRI (e. g., concussion or migraine).
Results ASL-derived CBF may represent a clinically relevant parameter in various pathologies such as cerebrovascular diseases, neoplasms, or neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, ASL has also been used to investigate CBF in mild traumatic brain injury or migraine, potentially leading to the establishment of imaging-based biomarkers. Recent advances made possible the acquisition of ssASL by selective labeling of single brain-feeding arteries, enabling spatial perfusion territory mapping dependent on blood flow of a specific preselected artery. Furthermore, ASL-based MRA has been introduced, providing time-resolved delineation of single intracranial vessels.
Conclusion Perfusion imaging by ASL has shown promise in various diseases of the CNS. Given that ASL does not require intravenous administration of a gadolinium-based contrast agent, it may be of particular interest for investigations in pediatric cohorts, patients with impaired kidney function, patients with relevant allergies, or patients that undergo serial MRI for clinical indications such as disease monitoring.
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Quantum magneto-transport properties of monolayers MoSi2N4, WSi2N4, and MoSi2As4
Authors: Hoa Le T , Kubakaddi S S , Nguyen Chuong V , Hieu Nguyen N , Phuc Huynh V 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study the transport properties of monolayers MoSi2N4, WSi2N4, and MoSi2As4 in a perpendicular magnetic field. The Landau level (LL) band structures including spin and exchange field effects are derived and discussed using a low-energy effective model. We show that the LLs band structures of these materials are similar to those of phosphorene and transition-metal dichalcogenides rather than graphene or silicene. The combination of strong spin–orbit coupling and exchange fields reduces the degradation of the LLs, leading to new plateaus in the Hall conductivity and Hall resistivity and new peaks in the longitudinal conductivity and longitudinal resistivity. The effect of the exchange field, carrier density, and LLs band structure on the conductivities and resistivities have been investigated. At high temperatures, the steps in Hall conductivity and resistivity plateaus disappear and reduce to their corresponding classical forms.
Phase I study of intraperitoneal irinotecan combined with palliative systemic chemotherapy in patients with colorectal peritoneal metastases
Authors: van Eerden Ruben A G , de Boer Nadine L , van Kooten Job P , Bakkers Checca , Dietz Michelle V , Creemers Geert-Jan M , Buijs Sanne M , Bax Ramon , de Man Femke M , Lurvink Robin J , Diepeveen Marjolein , Brandt-Kerkhof Alexandra R M , van Meerten Esther , Koolen Stijn L W , de Hingh Ignace H J T , Verhoef Cornelis , Mathijssen Ron H J , Burger Jacobus W A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Patients with colorectal peritoneal metastases who are not eligible for cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) owing to extensive peritoneal disease have a poor prognosis. It was hypothesized that these patients may benefit from the addition of intraperitoneal irinotecan to standard palliative systemic chemotherapy.

Methods
This was a classical 3 + 3 phase I dose-escalation trial in patients with colorectal peritoneal metastases who were not eligible for CRS-HIPEC. Intraperitoneal irinotecan was administered every 2 weeks, concomitantly with systemic FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil, folinic acid, oxaliplatin)–bevacizumab. The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicities. Secondary objectives were to elucidate the systemic and intraperitoneal pharmacokinetics, safety profile, and efficacy.

Results
Eighteen patients were treated. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed with 50 mg (4 patients) and 75 mg (9 patients) intraperitoneal irinotecan. Two dose-limiting toxicities occurred with 100 mg irinotecan among five patients. The maximum tolerated dose of intraperitoneal irinotecan was established to be 75 mg, and it was well tolerated. Intraperitoneal exposure to SN-38 (active metabolite of irinotecan) was high compared with systemic exposure (median intraperitoneal area under the curve (AUC) to systemic AUC ratio 4.6). Thirteen patients had a partial radiological response and five had stable disease. Four patients showed a complete response during post-treatment diagnostic laparoscopy. Five patients underwent salvage resection or CRS-HIPEC. Median overall survival was 23.9 months.

Conclusion
Administration of 75 mg intraperitoneal irinotecan concomitantly with systemic FOLFOX–bevacizumab was safe and well tolerated. Intraperitoneal SN-38 exposure was high and prolonged. As oncological outcomes were promising, intraperitoneal administration of irinotecan may be a good alternative to other, more invasive and costly treatment options. A phase II study is currently accruing.
Risk of Depression in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Nationwide Population-based Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Vollmond Cecilie V , Tetens Malte M , Paulsen Fie W , Gerstoft Jan , Kronborg Gitte , Johansen Isik S , Larsen Carsten S , Wiese Lothar , Dalager-Pedersen Michael , Leth Steffen , Mortensen Preben B , Lebech Anne-Mette , Obel Niels , Omland Lars H 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with depression. However, previous studies have not addressed familial factors.

Methods
Nationwide, population-based, matched cohort study of people with HIV (PWH) in Denmark between 1995 and 2021 who were matched on sex and date of birth with a comparison cohort randomly selected from the Danish population. Family-related factors were examined by inclusion of siblings of those in the cohorts. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for depression, receipt of antidepressants, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and suicide, as well as the yearly proportions of study cohorts with psychiatric hospital contact due to depression and receipt of antidepressants from 10 years before to 10 years after study inclusion.

Results
We included 5943 PWH and 59 430 comparison cohort members. Median age was 38 years, and 25% were women. We observed an increased risk of depression, receipt of antidepressants, ECT, and suicide among PWH in the 2 first years of observation (HR, 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.5–4.4), HR, 3.0 (95% CI: 2.7–3.4), HR, 2.8 (95% CI: .9–8.6), and HR, 10.7 (95% CI: 5.2–22.2), thereafter the risk subsided but remained increased. The proportions of PWH with psychiatric hospital contact due to depression and receipt of antidepressants were increased prior to and especially after HIV diagnosis. Risk of all outcomes was substantially lower among siblings of PWH than among PWH (HR for receipt of antidepressants, 1.1; 95% CI: 1.0–1.2).

Conclusions
PWH have an increased risk of depression. Family-related factors are unlikely to explain this risk.