bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients Report Better Outcomes Following Reduction of Tibial Plateau Fractures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kitchen David S. , Ricci Sebastian , Abrahams John M. , Downie Michael L. , Atkins Gerald J. , Solomon Lucian B. , Smitham Peter J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundTibial plateau fractures (TPF) are complex injuries involving the articular surface of the proximal tibia, commonly managed with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). The aim of this management is to restore joint alignment whilst respecting the soft tissue envelope. The relationship between radiological factors on patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) remains unclear. This systematic review aimed to determine the association between articular reduction and PROMs following TPF.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL,ClinicalTrials.govand Google Scholar databases were searched for English language articles between January 2000 to 5 May 2023, with 3300 studies screened. Eligible studies reported radiological and clinical outcomes in adult TPF patients managed with ORIF, with a minimum follow-up of two years. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers using the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-Randomised Studies (RoBANS). Linear regression models assessed the effect of articular reduction on PROMs.ResultsA total of 30 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 1591 patients. Studies with >85% of cases achieving articular reduction within 2 mm reported significantly higher PROMs, particularly Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scores (p = 0.04). To analyse outcomes between studies that used different PROMs, a grouped analysis approach was utilised, which showed ‘excellent’ outcomes associated with cohorts in which higher rates of successful reduction were achieved when compared to ‘good’ outcomes (p = 0.04).ConclusionsAchieving higher rates of articular reduction increases the likelihood of excellent patient-reported outcomes. Additionally, studies in which a larger proportion of the cohort achieved reduction reported significantly higher PROMs compared to those with fewer patients achieving anatomical reduction. This study also introduces a novel method to standardise the reporting of different PROMs in a meta-analysis, enabling comparison of heterogeneous data.
Longitudinal Measures of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Are Associated with Subfertility in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
Authors: Kim Catherine , Appiah Duke , Yin Zhe , Schreiner Pamela J. , Lewis Cora E. , McLaughlin Megan M. , Dula Adrienne N. , Siscovick David S. , Huddleston Heather 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionPrevious reports have noted associations between subfertility in women and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in later life. However, reports conflict regarding the associations between subfertility and CVD risk factors. Using data from a population-based cohort of Black and White women, we examined the association between longitudinal assessments of CVD risk factors and subfertility.MethodsThe Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study is a prospective cohort of Black and White women who have undergone repeated assessment of CVD risk factors beginning at study baseline (1985-1986). Risk factors included cigarette smoking, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, lipid levels, glucose, and C-reactive protein. At approximately 40 years of age, an ancillary study assessed histories of subfertility. We used generalized estimating equations with a logit link model to examine associations between subfertility (dependent variable) and repeated CVD risk factors (independent variables), with adjustment for age, race, center, and education level in 1107 women.ResultsCigarette use and higher levels of BMI, glucose, and triglycerides and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) were associated with subfertility after adjustment for age, race, and education. In multivariable models which included all of these risk factors, cigarette use (odds ratio [OR] 1.004, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.002, 1.006, p<0.0001) and HDL (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.99, 0.995, p=0.046) were still associated with subfertility, but associations with BMI, glucose, and triglycerides were no longer significant.ConclusionsWomen with subfertility histories have adverse CVD risk factors across the reproductive lifespan. Cigarette use is a strong risk factor for infertility.
A New Interpretation for Oxygen Atom-Transfer Reactions for the Berg-Holm Oxo-Molybdenum Enzyme Model: Evidence for a Highly Active Oxygen Atom Transfer Acceptor
Authors: Berg Jeremy M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn 1984, a synthetic model system for certain molybdenum oxotransferase enzymes was reported. These reports claimed that an oxygen atom could be extracted from a designed dioxomolybdenum(VI) complex to produce a monoxomolybdenum(IV) complex without the formation of an oxo-bridged molybdenum(V) binuclear species. The reduced product was shown to accept oxygen atoms from substrates such as dimethylsulfoxide with substrate saturation kinetics. Fifteen years later, it was demonstrated that the reduced product was, in fact, the oxo-bridged molybdenum(V) binuclear species. Here, it is shown that the kinetic data can be reinterpreted in terms of rate-limiting disproportionation of the oxo-bridged molybdenum(V) binuclear species to form a highly reactive monoxomolybdenum(IV) complex. The second order rate constant for oxygen atom transfer from dimethyl sulfoxide to this complex is more than 100,000 times higher than those reported for other monoxomolybdenum(IV) complexes. The five-coordinate molybdenum sites in the dioxomolybdenum(VI) and presumed monoxomolybdenum(IV) complexes are quite similar to those observed for eukaryotic nitrate reductase enzymes and this model system shows relatively rapid reduction of nitrate through a similar mechanistic scheme.
Trace metals availability controls terminal electron acceptor utilization inEscherichia coli
Authors: Ricciardelli Annarita , de Pins Benoit , Brusca Jacopo , Correggia Monica , Di Iorio Luciano , Cascone Martina , Giardina Marco , Castaldi Stefany , Isticato Rachele , Iacono Roberta , Moracci Marco , Nappi Nunzia , Pollio Antonino , Vetriani Costantino , Leone Serena , Cordone Angelina , Giovannelli Donato 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTrace metals play an essential role in the metabolism of all living organisms and many metal-containing enzymes contribute to key physiological and ecological processes such as aerobic and anaerobic respiration, photosynthesis, carbon and nitrogen fixation. Despite this, trace metals’ potential to control microbial functional diversity and metabolic shifts is unknown. Here we demonstrate that the availability of trace metals controls electron acceptors utilization inEscherichia coli. Physiological and proteomic data show that trace metals depleted cultures have significantly reduced growth, start fermentation and increase energy expenditure for metal homeostasis even when more energetically favourable electron acceptors are present. Overall these results suggest how evolutionary and competitive pressures arising from changes in biological trace metals availability in deep time have contributed to shaping evolution and competition.
Extracellular vesicles of a phytobeneficial bacterium trigger distinct systemic response in plant
Authors: Zannis-Peyrot Timothée , Degusseau Lucas , Dugas Pierre-Yves , Bastian Fabiola , Gaucher Matthieu , Gaillard Vincent , Comte Gilles , Wisniewski-Dye Florence , Kerzaon Isabelle , Lavire Céline , Vial Ludovic 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipidic shuttles that play roles in virulence, inter-species competition, and in the induction of the host immune response. While they have primarily been investigated in animal-bacteria interactions, knowledge regarding phytobacterial EVs remains limited. Recent findings revealed that various biotic factors like hydroxycinnamic acids can regulate EVs production. Hydroxycinnamic acids, such as ferulic acid, are lignin components abundantly released in the plant environment, where they impact the ecology of numerous phytobacteria.Azospirillumsp. B510, a phytobeneficial bacterium, induces the accumulation of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in the plant and can metabolize them as carbon sources. We hypothesized that the presence of ferulic acid in the environment ofAzospirillumsp. B510 would influence its EVs production in terms of size, quantity, and cargo. Conversely, we also proposed that EVs from this phytobacterium would influence plant metabolites and defense gene expression. Our results show both that ferulic acid (mimicking the plant environment) influences the content of EVs released byAzospirillumsp. B510 and that bacterial EVs also impact plant physiology at a systemic level according to their cargoes. This research provides the first evidence of a global effect of bacterial EVs on the plant and highlights the dynamics of plant-bacteria interactions mediated by EVs.
The spinal premotor network driving scratching flexor and extensor alternation
Authors: Yao Mingchen , Nagamori Akira , Azim Eiman , Sharpee Tatyana , Goulding Martyn , Golomb David , Gatto Graziana 
Published: January 2025

SummaryRhythmic motor behaviors are generated by neural networks termed central pattern generators (CPGs). Although locomotor CPGs have been extensively characterized, it remains unknown how the neuronal populations composing them interact to generate adaptive rhythms. We explored the non-linear cooperation dynamics among the three main populations of ipsilaterally projecting spinal CPG neurons – V1, V2a, V2b neurons – in scratch reflex rhythmogenesis. Ablation of all three neuronal subtypes reduced the oscillation frequency. Activation of excitatory V2a neurons enhanced the oscillation frequency, while activating inhibitory V1 neurons caused atonia. These findings required the development of a novel neuromechanical model that consists of flexor and extensor modules coupled via inhibition, in which rhythm in each module is generated by self-bursting excitatory populations and accelerated by intra-module inhibition. Inter-module inhibition coordinates the phases of flexor and extensor activity and slows the oscillations, while facilitation mechanisms in excitatory neurons explain the V2a activation-driven increase in frequency.
Resting State connectivity patterns associated with trait anxiety in adolescence
Authors: Baggio Teresa , Grecucci Alessandro , Crivello Fabrice , Joliot Marc , Tzourio Christophe 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAnxiety symptoms can vary across different life stages, with a higher frequency during adolescence and early adulthood, increasing the risk of developing future anxiety disorders. To date, neuroscientific research on anxiety has primarily focused on adulthood, thus limiting our understanding of how anxiety may characterize earlier stages of life, and employing mostly univariate approaches, thus discounting large-scale alterations of the brain. One intriguing hypothesis is that adolescents with trait anxiety may display similar abnormalities shown by adults in brain regions ascribed to the Default Mode Network (DMN) associated with self-referential thinking, awareness, and rumination-related processes. The present study aims to expand our previous knowledge on this topic using a large sample of young individuals to uncover the resting-state connectivity patterns associated with trait anxiety in a network approach. To test our hypotheses, we analyzed the rs-fMRI images of 1263 adolescents (mean age 20.55 years) as well as their scores on anxiety trait. A significant association between trait anxiety and resting-state functional connectivity in two networks was found, with some regions overlapping with the Default Mode Network. The first network included regions such as the cingulate gyrus and the middle temporal gyri known to be involved in self-referential processing and emotional perception and control, both altered in anxiety disorders. The second network included the precuneus, possibly related to rumination that characterizes anxiety. Of note, the higher the trait anxiety, the lower the connectivity within both networks, suggesting abnormal self-referential processing, awareness, and emotion regulation abilities in adolescents with high anxiety trait. These findings provided a better understanding of the association between trait anxiety and brain rs-functional connectivity, and may pave the way for the development of potential biomarkers in adolescents with anxiety.
Functional Equivalence of the Proneural GenesNeurog1andNeurog2in the Developing Dorsal Root Ganglia Highlights the Importance of Timing of Neurogenesis in Biasing Somatosensory Precursor Fates
Authors: Desiderio Simon , Cabochette Pauline , Venteo Stephanie , Tejedor Gautier , Djouad Farida , Carroll Patrick , Ango Fabrice , Pattyn Alexandre 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDistinct subfamilies of proneural bHLH transcription factors (TFs) control neurogenesis and influence neuronal fate specification throughout the developing nervous system. While members of different subfamilies generally display divergent expression and functions, those within the same subfamily are often co-expressed, raising questions about their respective roles. Here, we assess the functional equivalence of the two paralogous proneural TFs Neurog1 and Neurog2, focusing on neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) which underlie our ability to process somatosensory information. During development, distinct classes of DRG neurons -classified as mechano/proprioceptors or thermo/nociceptors-are generated during two successive neurogenic phases, which are respectively controlled by Neurog2 and Neurog1, in line with their dynamic and complementary spatiotemporal expression patterns. Therefore, in this system, each TF appears to play unique roles in regulating neurogenesis and specifying distinct neuronal identities. Yet, using a gene replacement strategyin vivo, we show that, despite subtle divergences masked by dose-compensation effects, Neurog1 and Neurog2 are essentially functionally interchangeable in all aspects of DRG development, indicating that their apparent functional discrepancies primarily stem from divergent evolution of their gene regulatory regions, rather than of their respective biochemical properties. Notably, we definitively establish that neither TF directly specifies specific somatosensory neuron identities. This result, combined with : (i) a new series of birth-dating experiments supporting that most mechano/proprioceptive and thermo/nociceptive subtypes are predominantly born during successive time-windows; and (ii) analyses of complementary transgenic mouse models in which opposite temporal shifts of neurogenesis -either delayed onset or premature arrest-have predictable opposite impacts on their DRG content, highlight that the fate choice of somatosensory precursors toward the mechano/proprioceptive or thermo/nociceptive lineages critically depends on the timing of their birth.
Structure of mycobacterial NDH-2 bound to a 2-mercapto-quinazolinone inhibitor
Authors: Liang Yingke , Bueler Stephanie A. , Cook Gregory M. , Rubinstein John L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe mycobacterial type II NADH dehydrogenase (NDH-2) is a promising drug target because of its central role in energy metabolism inMycobacterium tuberculosisand other pathogens, and because it lacks a known mammalian homologue. However, the absence of structural information on how the enzyme binds inhibitors has made optimization of lead compounds challenging. We used electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) to determine the structure of NDH-2 fromMycobacterium smegmatis, a fast-growing non-pathogenic model for respiration inM. tuberculosis, both alone and in complex with a 2-mercapto-quinazolinone inhibitor. The structure shows that active mycobacterial NDH-2 is dimeric, with the dimerization interface stabilized by an extended C-terminal α helix not found in NDH-2 from other bacterial genera.The arrangement of monomers in the dimer differs from the arrangement described for other prokaryotic NDH-2 dimers, instead resembling dimers formed by NDH-2 in eukaryotes. Density for the 2-mercapto-quinazolinone in the menaquinone-binding site shows that the inhibitor blocks menaquinone reduction through direct interaction with the flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactor. These results reveal structural elements of NDH-2 that could be used to design specific inhibitors of the mycobacterial enzyme.
Pseudopaline-mediated zinc uptake byPseudomonas aeruginosadetermines specific clinically relevant phenotypes and infection outcome
Authors: Bosc L , Sécher T , Ball G , Le Pennec D , Tribout M , Ba M , Bai Y , Ouerdane L , Arnoux P , Denis Y , Lei X , Bordi C , Heuzé-Vourc’h N , Häussler S , Gomez NO , Voulhoux R 
Published: January 2025

AUTHOR SUMMARYThe host-pathogen interface is a biological niche in which two entities competes for essential resources. The host’s nutritional immunity restrict access to metals, while a successful pathogen overcomes these restrictions using dedicated uptake pathways. Pseudopaline is a high-affinity metallophore allowingPseudomonas aeruginosato acquire zinc in chelated environments. We demonstrate that this pathway is the last-resort solution to acquire zinc for this dreadful pathogen. The capacity to provide this metal to zinc-metalloproteins drives clinically relevant phenotypes, such as the capacity to form a mature and antibiotic-tolerant biofilm, or to affect the outcome of an infection. These results place pseudopaline as a potential drug target for blockingP. aeruginosapathogenic capacity and resensitizing established biofilm to classic antibiotic treatment.ABSTRACTBiological metals are essential trace elements which are required by metalloproteins, involved in virtually every cellular, structural and catalytic function of the bacterial cell. Bacterial pathogenesis involves a tug-of-war between the host nutritional immunity, sequestering essential metals and the invading pathogens that deploy high-metal affinity uptake strategies in order to overcome these defence mechanisms. Metallophores are high-affinity, low-molecular mass metal chelators produced and secreted by bacteria to access chelated metals from the environment. Pseudopaline is a metallophore produced and secreted byPseudomonas aeruginosato acquire zinc when the bioavailability of this metal is severely restricted, as in the presence of a strong metal chelator such as EDTA, or during infections when the nutritional immunity of the host is active, in mammals through the production of the zing binding protein calprotectin. We show that under the conditions of metal deprivation, a pseudopaline-deficientP. aeruginosastrain exhibit a severe intracellular zinc deficiency, establishing that the pseudopaline pathway is the last-resort and unique pathway for the bacteria to acquire zinc under these restricted growth conditions. The present study explores the pleiotropic role of pseudopaline-mediated zinc acquisition on several clinically relevant phenotypes and its capacity to drive infection outcomes, placing this machinery as a promising therapeutic target forP. aeruginosa’s infection, acting synergistically as a pathogenicity determinant as well as an adaptative trait allowing the establishment of a mature and antibiotic resistance biofilm necessary for recalcitrant chronic infections.
Ensemble priming via competitive inhibition: local mechanisms of sensory context storage and deviance detection in the neocortical column
Authors: Thorpe Ryan V. , Moore Christopher I. , Jones Stephanie R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe process by which neocortical neurons and circuits amplify their response to an unexpected change in stimulus, often referred to as deviance detection (DD), has long been thought to be the product of specialized cell types and/or routing between mesoscopic brain areas. Here, we explore a different theory, whereby DD emerges from local network-level interactions within a neocortical column. We propose that deviance-driven neural dynamics can emerge through interactions between ensembles of neurons that have a fundamental inhibitory motif: competitive inhibition between reciprocally connected ensembles under modulation from feed-forward selective (dis)inhibition. Using this framework, we were able to simulate a variety of phenomena pertaining to the experimentally observed shifts in neural tuning across neurons, time, and stimulus history. Anchoring our approach in a variety of experimentally observed phenomena, we used computation modeling in two types of neural networks of vastly different levels of biophysical detail to test hypotheses on emergent dynamics and explore the robustness of underlying connectivity parameters. With a number of corollary predictions that can be tested in future in vivo studies, we show that ensemble priming via competitive inhibition under modulation from selective (dis)inhibition acts as a local mechanism for sensory context storage and that DD does not require specialized input from other brain areas—a novel theoretical paradigm that resolves previously confounding aspects of sensory encoding and predictive processing in the neocortex.
Starshipgiant transposons dominate plastic genomic regions in a fungal plant pathogen and drive virulence evolution
Authors: Sato Yukiyo , Bex Roos , van den Berg Grardy C. M. , Höfte Monica , Seidl Michael F. , Thomma Bart P.H.J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTStarshipsform a recently discovered superfamily of giant transposons in Pezizomycotina fungi, implicated in mediating horizontal transfer of diverse cargo genes between fungal genomes. Their elusive nature has long obscured their significance, and their impact on genome evolution remains poorly understood. Here, we reveal a surprising abundance and diversity ofStarshipsin the phytopathogenic fungusVerticillium dahliae. Remarkably,Starshipsdominate the plastic genomic compartments involved in host colonization, are enriched in virulence-associated genes, and exhibit genetic and epigenetic characteristics associated with adaptive genome evolution. We further uncover extensive horizontal transfer ofStarshipsbetweenVerticilliumspecies and, strikingly, from distantly relatedFusariumfungi. Finally, we demonstrate howStarshipactivity facilitated thede novoformation of a novel virulence gene. Our findings illuminate the profound influence ofStarshipdynamics on fungal genome evolution and the development of virulence.