bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Risk Factors of Hypertension Among the Elderly in the Working Area of Sikumana Primary Health Care Center
Authors: Dida Grace Youngest , Nayoan Christina Rony , Sir Amelya Betsalonia 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: The elderly are prone to hypertension. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors of diet and physical activity for hypertension in the elderly in the working area of Sikumana Primary Health care center in 2022.Method: This analytical observation study was conducted in a case-control design. The subjects were 100 elderly (50 cases and 50 controls). Simple random sampling was used to choose the subjects. Data collection was done by interviews using structured questionnaires. Data analysis was done through the Chi-Square test and Odd Ratios.Results: The results showed that the elderly who has an unhealthy diet were 4.45 times more likely to have hypertension (OR= 4.45, 95% CI: 1.68-11.81; p=0.004). The elderly who had lacked of physical activity were 5.52 times more likely to have hypertension (OR=5.5, 95% CI: 1.86-16.34; p=0.002).Conclusion: The risk factors for hypertension among the elderly in the working area of Sikumana Primary health care center were unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity. It is suggested that primary health care centers should promote healthy food, salt and fat reduction in the diet and increase physical activities through Posyandu (integrated health post), especially for elderly
Extremal metrics on toric manifolds and homogeneous toric bundles
Authors: Li An-Min , Lian Zhao , Sheng Li 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we prove the Yau–Tian–Donaldson conjecture of the filtration version for toric manifolds and homogeneous toric bundles, thus for toric manifolds and homogeneous toric bundles, M admits an extremal metric in

c
1

⁢

(
L
)

{c_{1}(L)}

if and only if

(
M
,
L
)

{(M,L)}

is relatively

K
^

{\widehat{K}}

-stable.
Mabuchi geometry of big cohomology classes
Authors: Xia Mingchen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Let X be a compact Kähler manifold.
Fix a big

(
1
,
1
)

{(1,1)}

-cohomology class α with smooth representative θ.
We study the spaces

ℰ
p

⁢

(
X
,
θ
)

{\mathcal{E}^{p}(X,\theta)}

of finite energy Kähler potentials for each

p
≥
1

{p\geq 1}

.
We define a metric

d
p

{d_{p}}

without using the Finsler geometry nor solving Monge–Ampère-type equations. This construction generalizes the usual

d
p

{d_{p}}

-metric defined for an ample class.
Uncertainty inequality on weighted Hardy spaces
Authors: Soltani Fethi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this paper we introduce a weighted
Hardy space

ℋ
β

{\mathscr{H}_{\beta}}

. This space
generalizes some complex Hilbert spaces like the Dirichlet
space

𝒟

{\mathscr{D}}

, the Bergman space

𝒜

{\mathscr{A}}

and the
Segal–Bargmann space

ℱ

{\mathscr{F}}

. It plays the role of background for our
contribution. In particular, we study the derivative operator D and
its adjoint operator

L
β

{L_{\beta}}

on

ℋ
β

{\mathscr{H}_{\beta}}

.
Furthermore, we establish a general uncertainty inequality of
Heisenberg type for the space

ℋ
β

{\mathscr{H}_{\beta}}

.
Insights into the self-assembly of fampridine hydrochloride: how the choice of the solvent affects the crystallization of a simple salt
Authors: Fusaro Luca , Tumanov Nikolay , Saielli Giacomo , Montis Riccardo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Crystalline materials and crystallization processes play an important role in several fields of science, such as pharmaceuticals, material science, pigments, optoelectronics, catalysis and energy storage. Understanding and defining the right conditions of crystallization is therefore crucial. Among the several factors influencing the crystallization of a given compound, the choice of the solvent system is perhaps one of the most important. The nature of solvent–solute interactions can indeed have a role in promoting specific molecular assemblies, therefore affecting crystallisation rates of a crystal and often resulting in the nucleation of different polymorphs and solvates. Here we investigated the role of a binary mixture of solvent (water/acetone) in the crystallisation of a simple salt of 4-aminopyridinium chloride. Previous results on this compound showed that when crystallised from water it forms a simple hydrate structure, while in the presence of acetone, it undergoes a liquid-liquid phase separation, followed by the crystallisation of a complex structure belonging to the Frank–Kasper (FK) phases, a particular family of topologically close-packed structures never observed in small and rigid molecules. To broaden the understanding of how such a simple molecule may crystallise as an FK phase, we carried out the crystallization of the complex phase by antisolvent diffusion (in a mixture of water/acetone) and that of the monohydrate phase in water, monitoring the liquid precursors by liquid-state NMR. In particular, we applied 1H, 13C, 14N, 17O, and 35/37Cl NMR as a function of the concentration of 4APH+Cl− until the moment when precipitation of the crystalline phases occurred. Variations of chemical shifts, T1 relaxation times of 13C signals, and full-width at half-maximum of the signals of quadrupolar nuclei were also measured. The spatial proximity between the different species in the solution was investigated by NOE experiments. In order to support these results, we also performed Molecular Dynamics simulations, investigating the potential solute/solvents interactions. The results strongly suggest that acetone, instead of behaving as an anti-solvent, interacts directly with the solute, preventing the formation of the simple monohydrate structure and, at the same time, promoting specific molecular aggregations.
Circular plastics technologies: pyrolysis of plastics to fuels and chemicals
Authors: Knauer Katrina M. , Higginson Cody , Lee Minjung 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Pyrolysis technologies are a staple in plastic chemical recycling because of the robustness to contamination and existing infrastructure. Pyrolysis is already considered to be a reasonably mature technology with numerous pilot plants operating to pyrolyze plastic waste into fuels and chemicals. This chapter will describe the pyrolysis process and important process parameters, the types of plastics that are suitable for pyrolysis recycling, the mechanism of pyrolytic degradation of various plastics, the products derived from different plastics, companies that have successfully scaled pyrolysis recycling, and recent innovations in the technology.
O EFEITO DA AUSÊNCIA DE DISCUSSÕES SOBRE GÊNERO E SEXUALIDADES NA ESCOLA
Authors: Pereira dos Santos Luciano , Alves Lagôa Júnior José 
Published: April 2023

Este trabalho tem como pretensão a reflexão sobre a ausência de discussões sobre gênero e sexualidades na escola e seus efeitos na produção e manutenção da LGBTfobia no ambiente escolar, tendo como foco as percepções de estudantes da EJA de uma escola pública de Pelotas/ RS. Os dados foram produzidos por meio da aplicação de questionários e a análise pautou-se na análise temática de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam desconhecimentos sobre o assunto e detecta a forte presença da LGBTfobia no espaço escolar. Destaca-se que tais resultados foram aferidos em período anterior a pandemia de COVID-19. A população LGBTQIA+ é um dos grupos mais afetados pelo período pandêmico onde pode ser observado aumento no índice de violência contra as sexualidades dissidentes, cerceamento do acesso à atendimento de saúde, desemprego, insegurança alimentar, dentre outros. Conclui-se que o agravamento da rejeição à diversidade sexual no ambiente escolar é um dos efeitos da ausência de discussões sobre essas temáticas na grade curricular. Defende-se que é de fundamental importância a inserção das temáticas de gênero e sexualidades na grade curricular da formação inicial docente e cursos de formação continuada que promovam inclusão, entendimento e respeito às diferentes identidades sexuais e de gênero na escola.
NMDA Receptors at Primary Afferent–Excitatory Neuron Synapses Differentially Sustain Chemotherapy- and Nerve Trauma-Induced Chronic Pain
Authors: Huang Yuying , Chen Hong , Jin Daozhong , Chen Shao-Rui , Pan Hui-Lin 
Published: April 2023

The spinal dorsal horn contains vesicular glutamate transporter-2 (VGluT2)-expressing excitatory neurons and vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT)-expressing inhibitory neurons, which normally have different roles in nociceptive transmission. Spinal glutamate NMDAR hyperactivity is a crucial mechanism of chronic neuropathic pain. However, it is unclear how NMDARs regulate primary afferent input to spinal excitatory and inhibitory neurons in neuropathic pain. Also, the functional significance of presynaptic NMDARs in neuropathic pain has not been defined explicitly. Here we showed that paclitaxel treatment or spared nerve injury (SNI) similarly increased the NMDAR-mediated mEPSC frequency and dorsal root-evoked EPSCs in VGluT2 dorsal horn neurons in male and female mice. By contrast, neither paclitaxel nor SNI had any effect on mEPSCs or evoked EPSCs in VGAT neurons. In mice with conditionalGrin1(gene encoding GluN1) KO in primary sensory neurons (Grin1-cKO), paclitaxel treatment failed to induce pain hypersensitivity. Unexpectedly, SNI still caused long-lasting pain hypersensitivity inGrin1-cKO mice. SNI increased the amplitude of puff NMDA currents in VGluT2 neurons and caused similar depolarizing shifts in GABA reversal potentials in WT andGrin1-cKO mice. Concordantly, spinalGrin1knockdown diminished SNI-induced pain hypersensitivity. Thus, presynaptic NMDARs preferentially amplify primary afferent input to spinal excitatory neurons in neuropathic pain. Although presynaptic NMDARs are required for chemotherapy-induced pain hypersensitivity, postsynaptic NMDARs in spinal excitatory neurons play a dominant role in traumatic nerve injury-induced chronic pain. Our findings reveal the divergent synaptic connectivity and functional significance of spinal presynaptic and postsynaptic NMDARs in regulating cell type-specific nociceptive input in neuropathic pain with different etiologies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSpinal excitatory neurons relay input from nociceptors, whereas inhibitory neurons repress spinal nociceptive transmission. Chronic nerve pain is associated with aberrant NMDAR activity in the spinal dorsal horn. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that chemotherapy and traumatic nerve injury preferentially enhance the NMDAR activity at primary afferent–excitatory neuron synapses but have no effect on primary afferent input to spinal inhibitory neurons. NMDARs in primary sensory neurons are essential for chemotherapy-induced chronic pain, whereas nerve trauma causes pain hypersensitivity predominantly via postsynaptic NMDARs in spinal excitatory neurons. Thus, presynaptic and postsynaptic NMDARs at primary afferent–excitatory neuron synapses are differentially engaged in chemotherapy- and nerve injury-induced chronic pain and could be targeted respectively for treating these painful conditions.
DOT1L regulates chromatin reorganization and gene expression during sperm differentiation
Authors: Blanco Mélina , El Khattabi Laila , Gobé Clara , Crespo Marion , Coulée Manon , de la Iglesia Alberto , Ialy‐Radio Côme , Lapoujade Clementine , Givelet Maëlle , Delessard Marion , Seller‐Corona Ivan , Yamaguchi Kosuke , Vernet Nadège , Van Leeuwen Fred , Lermine Alban , Okada Yuki , Daveau Romain , Oliva Rafael , Fouchet Pierre , Ziyyat Ahmed , Pflieger Delphine , Cocquet Julie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSpermatozoa have a unique genome organization. Their chromatin is almost completely devoid of histones and is formed instead of protamines, which confer a high level of compaction and preserve paternal genome integrity until fertilization. Histone‐to‐protamine transition takes place in spermatids and is indispensable for the production of functional sperm. Here, we show that the H3K79‐methyltransferase DOT1L controls spermatid chromatin remodeling and subsequent reorganization and compaction of the spermatozoon genome. Using a mouse model in which Dot1l is knocked‐out (KO) in postnatal male germ cells, we found that Dot1l‐KO sperm chromatin is less compact and has an abnormal content, characterized by the presence of transition proteins, immature protamine 2 forms and a higher level of histones. Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses performed on spermatids reveal that Dot1l‐KO modifies the chromatin prior to histone removal and leads to the deregulation of genes involved in flagellum formation and apoptosis during spermatid differentiation. As a consequence of these chromatin and gene expression defects, Dot1l‐KO spermatozoa have less compact heads and are less motile, which results in impaired fertility.
Óbitos decorrentes de intoxicação oral por cianeto – análise de 13 casos e dos riscos ocupacionais envolvidos
Authors: Bordoni Leonardo Santos , Do Couto Tauer Jordani Gusmão , Do Carmo Sumaia Alves Moura Chaves , Bordoni Polyanna Helena Coelho 
Published: April 2023

O cianeto, uma toxina mitocondrial, é considerado uma das substâncias mais letais com as quais podemos ter contato. Há diversos compostos de cianeto, sendo mais frequentes sais de sódio ou potássio, gás cianídrico ou glicosídeos cianogênicos em plantas. A maioria das intoxicações é por via oral, sendo grande desafio diagnóstico em unidades de atendimento médico e na investigação forense dos óbitos. O manejo de cadáveres intoxicados por cianeto apresenta risco ocupacional pela potencial exposição a gases proveniente do corpo. Considerando a escassez de dados nacionais sobre este tema, foi realizado estudo com 13 laudos de necropsias de intoxicações orais por cianeto do Laboratório de Toxicologia do Instituto Médico Legal André Roquette, no período de 2002 a 2018. Em sete casos foi sugerida a suspeita de suicídio, sendo o restante classificado como morte “a esclarecer”. A maioria eram homens (84,6%), brancos (76,9%) e a idade média foi de 41,8 anos. Houve atendimento médico previamente à morte em quatro periciados. Quanto às alterações externas, três indivíduos apresentaram cianose cutâneo-mucosa. O cheiro de amêndoas amargas e a coloração avermelhada da pele ou dos livores não foram descritos em nenhum dos casos. Ao exame interno, as alterações mais prevalentes foram secreção espumosa no interior dos pulmões e petéquias viscerais. Alterações gástricas foram constatadas em três periciados. A alcoolemia foi pesquisada para a maioria, com resultado positivo em dois periciados. Estes dados contribuem para o melhor delineamento epidemiológico das vítimas fatais de cianeto em intoxicações orais, podendo contribuir para o melhor conhecimento destas ocorrências.
REMİNERALİZASYON AJANLARINDA GÜNCEL YAKLAŞIMLAR
Authors: AKAL Nese , USTAOĞLU Seren 
Published: April 2023

ÖZ
Minimal invaziv diş hekimliğinin bir ilkesi olarak başlangıç mine çürük lezyonlarını remineralize etmek için klinik olarak çürük önleme stratejilerine olan ihtiyaç çok belirgindir. Florür içeren materyallerle yapılan remineralizasyon uygulamaları, mevcut çürük yönetimi felsefelerinin temel taşı iken; başlangıç lezyonlarının daha derin remineralizasyonunu teşvik ettiğini, yüksek florür içerikli ürünlerle ilişkili potansiyel riskleri azalttığını ve ömür boyu çürük kontrolünü kolaylaştırdığını iddia eden bir dizi yeni remineralizasyon stratejileri geliştirilmektedir. Bu sistemler, genel olarak florürün etkinliğinin artmasını teşvik ederek çürük lezyonlarını onaran biyomimetik mine rejenerasyon teknolojileri ve yaklaşımları olarak kategorize edilebilir.
Artificial Intelligence and Fake News
Authors: Hussein Fadia , Hejase Hussin J. 
Published: April 2023

Artificial intelligence depends on digital devices’ performance to perform tasks regularly, requiring human intelligence, using special software to accomplish work easier and faster, carrying out data-packed tasks, and providing useful analytics or solutions. It also requires a specialized laboratory that provides high-performance computing capabilities and a technical platform for deep machine learning. These resources will enable the artificial intelligence platform to master the machine learning techniques of using, developing, simulating, predicting models, and building ready-to-use technological solutions such as analytics platforms.
In general, the artificial intelligence system manipulates and manages large amounts of training data to form correlations and patterns used in building future predictions . A limited-memory artificial intelligence system can store a limited amount of information based on the data that have been processed and dealt with previously to build knowledge by memory when combined with pre-programmed data. Consequently, one may ask how artificial intelligence applications contribute to verifying the truthfulness of the media through digital media. How do they contribute to preventing the spread of misleading and false news?
This study tries to answer the following question: What methods and tools are adopted by artificial intelligence to detect fake news, especially on social media platforms and depending on artificial intelligence laboratories?
This paper is framed within automation control theory and by defining the needed control tools and programs to detect fake news and verify media facts.
Variation in the Management of Hospitalized Children With Orbital Cellulitis Over 10 Years
Authors: Nguyen Emily Lan-Vy , Hersi Leo , Mahant Sanjay , Cichon Jessica , Drouin Olivier , Pound Catherine , Quet Julie , Wahi Gita , Bayliss Ann , Vomiero Gemma , Foulds Jessica L. , Kanani Ronik , Sakran Mahmoud , Sehgal Anupam , Borkhoff Cornelia M. , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Widjaja Elysa , Reginald Arun , Wolter Nikolaus E. , Oni Semipe , Anwar Rashid , Louriachi Hossam , Ge Yipeng , Kirolos Nardin , Patel Ashaka , Jasani Hardika , Kornelsen Emily , Chugh Ashton , Gouda Sandra , Akbaroghli Susan , McKerlie Morgyn , Parkin Patricia C. , Gill Peter J. 
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVES
No previous study has examined the management of hospitalized children with orbital cellulitis at both children’s and community hospitals across multiple sites in Canada. We describe variation and trends over time in diagnostic testing and imaging, adjunctive agents, empiric antibiotics, and surgical intervention in children hospitalized with orbital cellulitis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Multicenter cohort study of 1579 children aged 2 months to 18 years with orbital cellulitis infections admitted to 10 hospitals from 2009 to 2018. We assessed hospital-level variation in the use of diagnostic tests, imaging, antibiotics, adjunctive agents, surgical intervention, and clinical outcomes using X2, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The association between clinical management and length of stay was evaluated with median regression analysis with hospital as a fixed effect.

RESULTS
There were significant differences between children’s hospitals in usage of C-reactive protein tests (P &lt; .001), computed tomography scans (P = .004), MRI scans (P = .003), intranasal decongestants (P &lt; .001), intranasal corticosteroids (P &lt; .001), intranasal saline spray (P &lt; .001), and systemic corticosteroids (P &lt; .001). Children’s hospital patients had significantly longer length of hospital stay compared with community hospitals (P = .001). After adjustment, diagnostic testing, imaging, and subspecialty consults were associated with longer median length of hospital stay at children’s hospitals. From 2009 to 2018, C-reactive protein test usage increased from 28.8% to 73.5% (P &lt; .001), whereas erythrocyte sedimentation rate decreased from 31.5% to 14.1% (P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS
There was significant variation in diagnostic test usage and treatments, and increases in test usage and medical intervention rates over time despite minimal changes in surgical interventions and length of stay.
The APPD Longitudinal Educational Assessment Research Network’s First Decade
Authors: Schwartz Alan , King Beth , Mink Richard , Turner Teri , Abramson Erika , Blankenburg Rebecca , Degnon Laura 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In 2009, the Association of Pediatric Program Directors (APPD) Longitudinal Educational Assessment Research Network (LEARN), a national educational research network, was formed. We report on evaluation of the network after 10 years of operation by reviewing program context, input, processes, and products to measure its progress in performing educational research that advances training of future pediatricians. Historical changes in medical education shaped the initial development of the network. APPD LEARN now includes 74% (148 of 201) of US Pediatric residency programs and has recently incorporated a network of Pediatric subspecialty fellowship programs. At the time of this evaluation, APPD LEARN had approved 19 member-initiated studies and 14 interorganizational studies, resulting in 23 peer-reviewed publications, numerous presentations, and 7 archived sharable data sets. Most publications focused on how and when interventions work rather than whether they work, had high scores for reporting rigor, and included organizational and objective performance outcomes. Member program representatives had positive perceptions of APPD LEARN’s success, with most highly valuing participation in research that impacts training, access to expertise, and the ability to make authorship contributions for presentations and publication. Areas for development and improvement identified in the evaluation include adopting a formal research prioritization process, infrastructure changes to support educational research that includes patient data, and expanding educational outreach within and outside the network. APPD LEARN and similar networks contribute to high-rigor research in pediatric education that can lead to improvements in training and thereby the health care of children.
Городское планирование и городская самоорганизация: трансформация пространственных ориентиров развития Москвы
Authors: Вендина Ольга 
Published: April 2023

Статья посвящена постсоветскому периоду развития Москвы, когда на смену принципам советского градостроительства пришла идеология предпринимательского города, а затем нового урбанизма. Автор задается вопросом о механизмах упорядочивания пространственного развития российской столицы на фоне интенсивного потока слабо контролируемых изменений и нарушения многих градостроительных норм и правил. Высказывается предположение о взаимодействии двух относительно независимых источников пространственного порядка — городского планирования и спонтанной самоорганизации. Основное внимание уделено анализу сдвигов, произошедших в системе приоритетов разных субъектов городского развития: власти, бизнес-структур и жителей. Выделяется роль населения как одного из ключевых агентов изменений. В заключении автор обращает внимание на глубинное противоречие, связанное с автономностью и одновременно взаимозависимостью городского планирования и спонтанной самоорганизации. Пример российской столицы показывает, что доминирование отдельных групп интересов не обеспечивает устойчивого развития города независимо от того, кто будет определять городскую повестку — институты власти, опирающиеся на городское планирование и нормативные регламенты, бизнес-структуры, навязывающие свою логику развития, или «активные москвичи». Несмотря на действие адаптационных механизмов саморегуляции, которые сглаживают как негативные последствия планировочных решений, так и спонтанной самоорганизации, необходимы постоянные интеллектуальные усилия для выявления побочных эффектов происходящих в городе изменений, переформатирующих его физическое и воображаемое пространство