bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between immunity and viral shedding duration in non-severe SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant-infected patients
Authors: He Shaojun , Fang Yanhong , Yang Jiong , Wang Wei 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory-related disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). More than 200 countries worldwide are affected by this disease. The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is the major epidemic variant worldwide and is characterized by higher infectivity. However, the immunity and risk factors for prolonged viral elimination in patients with non-severe SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infections are unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between immunity and duration of viral elimination in non-severe SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant-infected patients in Shanghai.MethodsIn total, 108 non-severe SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant-infected patients from Shanghai New International Expo Center Fangcang Shelter Hospital were recruited in this study. They were further allocated to the early elimination (EE) and prolonged elimination (PE) groups according to SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid positivity duration.ResultsCompared to patients with EE, those with PE had increased serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-6, and IL-8; higher neutrophil count and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR); lower lymphocyte, eosinophil, and red blood cell counts; and lower concentrations of hemoglobin and albumin (ALB). In lymphocyte subpopulation analysis, lower numbers of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells and a higher CD4/CD8 ratio were observed in patients with PE. In addition, correlation analysis results revealed that cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant ORF1ab and N were negatively correlated with IL-6 and IL-8 levels and positively correlated with eosinophil count in patients with COVID-19. Finally, multivariate regression analysis showed that ALB, CD4/CD8 ratio, NLR, and eosinophil count were predictors of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant elimination.ConclusionIn this study, we identified that the ALB, CD4/CD8 ratio, NLR, and eosinophil count were risk factors for prolonged viral elimination in non-severe SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant-infected patients. These factors might be efficient indicators in the diagnosis, evaluation, and prognosis monitoring of the disease.
The relationship between dimensions of empathy and symptoms of depression among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A network analysis
Authors: Li Jiayi , Liu Chang , Wulandari Teresa , Wang Panhui , Li Kuiliang , Ren Lei , Liu Xufeng 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThe relationship between different dimensions of empathy and individual symptoms of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic remains unclear, despite the established link between empathy and depression. The network analysis offers a novel framework for visualizing the association between empathy and depression as a complex system consisting of interacting nodes. In this study, we investigated the nuanced associations between different dimensions of empathy and individual symptoms of depression using a network model during the pandemic.Methods1,177 students completed the Chinese version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), measuring dimensions of empathy, and the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), measuring symptoms of depression. First, we investigated the nuanced associations between different dimensions of empathy and individual depressive symptoms. Then, we calculated the bridge expected influence to examine how different dimensions of empathy may activate or deactivate the symptoms of depression cluster. Finally, we conducted a network comparison test to explore whether network characteristics such as empathy-depression edges and bridge nodes differed between genders.ResultsFirst, our findings showed that personal distress was positively linked to symptoms of depression. These symptoms involved psychomotor agitation or retardation (edge weight = 0.18), sad mood (edge weight = 0.12), trouble with concentrating (edge weight = 0.11), and guilt (edge weight = 0.10). Perspective-taking was found to be negatively correlated with trouble with concentrating (edge weight = −0.11). Empathic concern was negatively associated with suicidal thoughts (edge weight = −0.10) and psychomotor agitation or retardation (edge weight = −0.08). Fantasy was not connected with any symptoms of depression. Second, personal distress and empathic concern were the most positive and negative influential nodes that bridged empathy and depression (values of bridge expected influence were 0.51 and −0.19 and values of predictability were 0.24 and 0.24, respectively). The estimates of the bridge expected influence on the nodes were adequately stable (correlation stability coefficient = 0.75). Finally, no sex differences in the studied network characteristics were observed.ConclusionsThis study applied network analysis to reveal potential pathways between different dimensions of empathy and individual symptoms of depression. The findings supported the existing theoretical system and contribute to the theoretical mechanism. We have also made efforts to suggest interventions and preventions based on personal distress and empathic concern, the two most important dimensions of empathy for depressive symptoms. These efforts may help Chinese university students to adopt better practical methods to overcome symptoms of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Symptom association between social anxiety disorder, appearance anxiety, and eating disorders among Chinese University students: A network analysis to conceptualize comorbidity
Authors: Jin Yu , Xu Shicun , Chen Chang , Wilson Amanda , Gao Desheng , Ji Yan , Sun Xi , Wang Yuanyuan 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundIncidences of social anxiety disorder (SAD), appearance anxiety, and eating disorders (ED) show an increased prevalence among young people. However, symptoms' associations between these disorders have not been investigated in depth. Network analysis is an approach that can be used to explain the relationship(s) between symptoms of different psychological disorders. Using network analysis, this study aimed to explore the association and potential interacting mechanisms between SAD, appearance anxiety, and ED.MethodsThis study included 96,218 University students from Jilin Province, China. SAD, appearance anxiety and ED were assessed using the Social Anxiety Subscale of the Self-Consciousness Scale (SASS), the Appearance Anxiety Scale Brief Version (AASBV), and the Sick, Control, One, Fat, Food questionnaire (SCOFF), Chinese versions. Network analysis was employed to investigate the symptom associations, while the stability of the network model was analyzed using statistical measures.ResultsThe prevalence of ED among the total sample was 38% (95% CI: 38.1–38.8%), while this figure was 31.2% (95% CI: 30.7–31.6%) in males and 43.6% (95% CI: 43.2–44.0%) in females. Additionally, the total score of SAD was significantly higher in females (11.83 ± 5.37) than it in males (10.02 ± 5.46) (P &lt; 0.001). While the total score of appearance anxiety was also different significantly in gender (39.21 ± 9.49 in females vs. 38 ± 9.42 in males) (P &lt; 0.001). Results showed that ED was associated with all three aspects of appearance anxiety, including “appearance concern,” “appearance satisfaction,” and “wish for good looks.” Appearance anxiety and SAD were also associated; specifically, symptoms of “appearance satisfaction” were significantly associated with the symptoms “easily talk to strangers” and “appearance concern”, which was also significantly associated with “embarrassed”. Compared with males, females showed significantly stronger associations with appearance anxiety symptoms, while ED symptoms were associated with “troubled by being watched” and “appearance concern”.ConclusionAppearance anxiety was associated with both ED and SAD symptoms. ED may have a potential relationship with SAD, affecting appearance anxiety indirectly. Significant differences were found among males and females in symptom associations between appearance anxiety and SAD. This study therefore clarified that young people should have body-positive interventions and challenge the normative body image discourse, which may help alleviate symptoms of SAD and ED.
More exposure to medical injury news, better doctor-patient communication, but less doctors' professional identity: A moderated chain mediation model
Authors: Li Qiwei , Zhou Jie , Chen Lei 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesIn recent years, news of medical malignant injury events has become common in China. However, it is unclear how exposure to this news affects medical staff.MethodsThe present study collected data from a sample of 311 medical staff in China. It explored the effect of exposure to such news on medical staff's communication and willingness to let their children be doctors, which was an attitude that reflects their professional identity well. In addition, this study also examined the mediating roles of outgroup attribution and anxiety, and the moderating role of social support.ResultsThe results showed that exposure to news of medical injury could positively and directly predict the quality of doctor-patient communication, but negatively and indirectly predict medical staff's willingness to let their children become doctors. These effects existed through the mediating role of anxiety and the chain mediating role of both outgroup attribution and anxiety. In addition, social support could mitigate the negative correlation between news exposure and outgroup attribution.ConclusionsThese results suggest that news of medical malignant injury events may incentivize medical staff to improve the quality of communication in the short term, but it is not conducive to medical staff's long-term mental health. That is, exposure to news of medical injury is likely to lead to a negative influence on their professional identity, although social support can alleviate this negative influence.
A nomogram of suicidal ideation among men who have sex with men in China: Based on the integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behavior
Authors: Xu Chen , Wang Zuxin , Liu Shangbin , Chen Hui , Chen Yingjie , Xia Danni , Chen Yufei , Xu Huifang , Hu Fan , Wang Ying , Cai Yong , Chen Jianyu 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionMen who have sex with men (MSM) are a high-risk group for suicide, with a much higher prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) than the general population and male population. The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors influencing the development of SI and to develop and validate a nomogram among MSM.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 915 MSM from Shanghai, Shenyang, Shenzhen and Kunming, China using the snowball sampling method. The integrated motivational-volitional (IMV) model of suicidal behavior was used as a theoretical framework to collect different potential influencing factors of SI including diathesis-environment-life events factors and psychosocial factors. The risk factors of SI were screened by logistic regression analysis, and a nomogram for predicting SI were developed. Model properties including discrimination, calibration and decision curves were evaluated to validate the prediction model.Results882 MSM were included in the statistical analysis, with a lifetime prevalence of SI of 34.4% (303/882). Logistic regression analysis showed that age group, sexual orientation disclosure, high-risk sexual behavior, entrapment, defeat and interpersonal needs were associated with SI. A nomogram was constructed based on the above six predictors. AUC values of ROC for prediction model were 0.761 (0.641–0.770) and 0.754 (0.565–0.822) in the training set (n = 662) and validation set (n = 220), respectively. And there was no statistical difference of the AUC values between the two sets (P &gt; 0.05). The calibration plots of the prediction model in both sets fit well with the ideal model (P &gt; 0.05). The decision curves demonstrated that the threshold probability of prediction model in training set was 1–85%, whereas in validation set was 1–63%.ConclusionsThe lifetime prevalence of SI among Chinese MSM is high. The nomogram can serve as a useful tool to predict the development of SI among MSM. Defeat, entrapment and interpersonal needs, as significant predictors of SI, can be measured to identify SI in advance. Early assessment of SI and the enhancement of psychosocial interventions are important to prevent suicide-related behaviors. Future studies could incorporate more variables of interest to refine the prediction model to better guide behavioral and psychological intervention strategies among MSM.
Using standardized patients to assess the quality of type 2 diabetes care among primary care providers and the health system: Evidence from rural areas of western China
Authors: Wu Yuju , Ye Ruixue , Sun Chang , Meng Sha , Cai Zhengjie , Li Linhua , Sylvia Sean , Zhou Huan , Pappas Lucy , Rozelle Scott 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundImproving type 2 diabetes (T2D) care is key to managing and reducing disease burden due to the growing prevalence of diabetes worldwide, but research on this topic, specifically from rural areas, is limited. This study uses standardized patients (SPs) to assess T2D care quality among primary care providers to access the healthcare system in rural China.MethodsUsing multi-stage random sampling, health facilities, providers, and households were selected. SPs were used to evaluate providers' T2D care quality and a questionnaire survey was used to collect patient sorting behaviors from households. Logistic regression was used to explore factors correlated with T2D care quality. Provider referral and treatment rates were combined with patient sorting behaviors to assess the overall quality of T2D management by rural China's healthcare system.ResultsA total of 126 providers, 106 facilities, and 750 households were enrolled into this study. During SP interactions, 20% of rural providers followed the national guidelines for T2D consultation, 32.5% gave correct treatment, and 54.7% provided lifestyle suggestions. Multi-variable regression results showed that providers who had earned practicing certificates (β = 1.56, 95% CI: 0.44, 2.69) and saw more patients (β = 0.77, 95%: 0.25, 1.28) were more likely to use a higher number of recommended questions and perform better examinations, whereas providers who participated in online training were less likely to practice these behaviors (β = −1.03, 95%: −1.95, −0.11). The number of recommended questions and examination (NRQE) was the only significant correlated factor with correct treatment (marginal effect = 0.05, 95%: 0.01, 0.08). Throughout the rural healthcare system, 23.7% of T2D patients were treated correctly.ConclusionThe quality of T2D care in rural western China, especially throughout the consultation and treatment process during a patient's first visit, is poor. Online training may not improve T2D care quality and low patient volume was likely to indicate poor care quality. Further research is needed to explore interventions for improving T2D care quality in rural China's healthcare system.
Perceived stress and readiness to undertake biodebridement in the group of nurses undertaking prevention and treatment of chronic wounds
Authors: Przybek Mita Joanna , Bazaliński Dariusz , Sztembis Rafał , Kuberka Izabela , Więch Paweł 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionStress as the body's response to adverse stimulus is recognized as one of the key problems in basic and clinical neurological studies. Stress is an indispensable component of modern nursing with its low doses being desirable, however, prolonged stress is detrimental to health increasing the risk of chronic disease i.e., hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, electrolyte disturbances, occupational burnout, depression, anxiety disorders. The implementation of certain techniques and therapeutic methods may have a stressful effect from the point of view of practice and the patient's condition.MethodsThe authors undertook the study to assess the intensity of the perceived stress in the group of nurses dealing with wound care in the perspective of implementing wound debridment using Lucilia sericata larvae. The study group consisted of 290 nurses specialized in chronic wounds undergoing training at the Postgraduate Training Center of Nurses and Midwives in Rzeszów, out of the entire group of 1.136 individuals participating in training courses organized in Poland in 2020–2021. The study used the diagnostic survey method, the research tool was a scientific research protocol consisting of tools (MDT perception questionnaire, perceived stress scale (PSS-10).ResultsCertain differences in the level of stress in the study sample were observed between age categories, but they were not statistically significant. The greatest differences between the levels of stress in the study sample were observed between people who completed treatment courses and those who did not complete these courses. The higher the stress level, the lower the willingness to undertake such therapy. The analysis of grouped data leads to interesting observations. There were statistically significant differences in the score in the MDT10 scale in the categories of people with different stress levels. The highest readiness to implement MDT was observed in the category of people with the lowest perceived level of stress.ConclusionsThe level of professional experience related to postgraduate education increases opportunities addressing new professional challenges. The level of perceived stress may influence decisions related to the use of biological therapy. The higher the level of stress, the lower the readiness to undertake MDT.
The duration and body position during tongue-kissing among heterosexual men and women
Authors: Tran Julien , Fairley Christopher K. , Ong Jason J. , Bradshaw Catriona S. , Aung Ei T. , Maddaford Kate , Chen Marcus Y. , Hocking Jane S. , Chow Eric P. F. 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundEmerging data suggest tongue-kissing may transmit gonorrhea. We aim to examine the duration or body position of heterosexual men and women during tongue-kissing (henceforth, known as kissing).MethodsA cross-sectional survey among heterosexual men and women attending the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre in Australia between May 2019 and March 2020 collected data on the duration and body position (i.e., on top of or lying down underneath) of their most recent kissing partner in the past 3 months. Univariable and multivariable linear regressions were performed to examine the association between gender and kissing duration.ResultsOf 2,866 individuals, 93.6% (n = 2,683) had at least one kissing partner in the past 3 months, which included 1,342 (50.1%) men and 1,341 (49.9%) women, and 87.2% (n = 2,339) had sex with their opposite-gender kissing partner. The adjusted mean duration of kissing with the most recent opposite-gender kissing partner did not differ between men and women (12.2 vs. 11.5 min, p = 0.170). More men were on top of their most recent opposite-gender kissing partner compared to women (87.9 vs. 82.9%, p &lt; 0.001). Men reported a longer kissing duration than women when they were on top of the opposite-gender kissing partner (8.3 vs. 7.4 min, p = 0.006). More women had same-gender kissing partners than men (9.6 vs. 2.8%, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionMen spending longer than women on top of their opposite-gender kissing partner suggests a potential alternative explanation for oropharyngeal gonorrhea being seen more commonly in women. Further research should investigate whether body positioning and duration of kissing influence the risk of gonorrhea transmission.
End-to-end Jordanian dialect speech-to-text self-supervised learning framework
Authors: Safieh Ali A. , Alhaol Ibrahim Abu , Ghnemat Rawan 
Published: December 2022

Speech-to-text engines are extremely needed nowadays for different applications, representing an essential enabler in human–robot interaction. Still, some languages suffer from the lack of labeled speech data, especially in the Arabic dialects or any low-resource languages. The need for a self-supervised training process and self-training using noisy training is proven to be one of the up-and-coming feasible solutions. This article proposes an end-to-end, transformers-based model with a framework for low-resource languages. In addition, the framework incorporates customized audio-to-text processing algorithms to achieve a highly efficient Jordanian Arabic dialect speech-to-text system. The proposed framework enables ingesting data from many sources, making the ground truth from external sources possible by speeding up the manual annotation process. The framework allows the training process using noisy student training and self-supervised learning to utilize the unlabeled data in both pre- and post-training stages and incorporate multiple types of data augmentation. The proposed self-training approach outperforms the fine-tuned Wav2Vec model by 5% in terms of word error rate reduction. The outcome of this work provides the research community with a Jordanian-spoken data set along with an end-to-end approach to deal with low-resource languages. This is done by utilizing the power of the pretraining, post-training, and injecting noisy labeled and augmented data with minimal human intervention. It enables the development of new applications in the field of Arabic language speech-to-text area like the question-answering systems and intelligent control systems, and it will add human-like perception and hearing sensors to intelligent robots.
Radial gradient of the solar rotation rate in the near-surface shear layer of the Sun
Authors: Komm Rudolf 
Published: December 2022

We study the radial gradient of the solar rotation rate in the near-surface shear layer (NSSL) from about .950 R⊙ to the solar surface and its variation during Solar Cycles 23 and 24 with ring-diagram analysis applied to Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) Dopplergrams. The average radial gradient is ∂ log  Ω/∂ log  r = − 1.0 ± .1 at .990 R⊙ in agreement with previous studies. The average radial gradient is ∂ log  Ω/∂ log  r = − .11 ± .01 at the base of the NSSL at .950R⊙, while it is steeper than −1 closer to the surface between .990R⊙ and .997R⊙. The average radial gradient is rather flat within ±40° latitude from about .970 R⊙ to the solar surface. The radial gradient of the solar rotation rate varies with the solar cycle. At locations of high magnetic activity, the radial gradient is more negative than average from about .970 R⊙ to .990 R⊙, while in quiet regions the radial gradient is less negative than average at these depths. Close to the surface at .997 R⊙, this relationship appears to be reversed. Prominent features of the solar-cycle variation of large-scale flows, such as poleward branches or precursor flows, are not obviously present. The variation of the radial gradient thus more likely indicates the presence or absence of magnetic flux above a certain threshold. The temporal variations derived from the different HMI and GONG data sets agree within one error bar at most depths and latitudes, while their amplitudes might be different.