bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nd:YAG laser vitreolysis for managing symptomatic vitreous floaters: efficacy assessment using vitreous opacity area quantification
Authors: Ankamah Emmanuel , Pavičić-Astaloš Jasna , Budimlija Nikolina , Ibrahim Farahida , Kirwan Caitriona , Hayes Patrick , Ng Eugene 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose:To retrospectively assess the efficacy of Nd:YAG laser vitreolysis for managing symptomatic vitreous floaters using vitreous opacity area quantification.
Methods: Patients who underwent laser vitreolysis from May 2015 to February 2020 at a private clinic with a minimum follow-up of 3-months were enrolled into this retrospective, non-comparative cohort study. Vitreous opacity areas quantification was the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included patient satisfaction outcomes post-vitreolysis, the need to proceed to vitrectomy, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP), recorded at baseline and all follow-ups.
Results:100 eyes from 100 patients were followed for an average of 15 months (range: 3-53 months). Of these, complete resolution (35%) or improvement (54%) of vitreous opacities was observed with vitreous opacity area quantification, constituting a treatment success of 89%. 78% reported complete resolution or improvement in floater symptoms at the 1-month post-vitreolysis visit. At the last follow-up, a similar report was noted in 72% of eyes. There was less need for vitrectomy in 86 eyes. There was significant improvement in BCVA, as well as a reduction in IOP, from baseline at the final post-operative visits (p<0.05 for both). Finally, an intra-operative complication rate of 3% was recorded.
Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that Nd:YAG laser vitreolysis may result in objective and symptomatic improvements in patients undergoing the procedure, with a limited rate of complications. Floater symptoms may recur with time following laser vitreolysis, necessitating the need for repetition. More clinical studies are needed to validate these findings.
Density functional theory investigation of mechanisms of degradation reactions of sulfonated PEEK membranes with OH radicals in fuel cells: Addition-elimination reactions and acid catalyzed water elimination
Authors: Stevens Jonathan E. , Pefley Courtney M. , Piatkowski Alice , Smith Zachary R. , Ognanovich Nikolina 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Sulfonated polyether (ether) ketone, or sulfonated PEEK (sPEEK) membranes are one possible candidate for proton-transfer membranes in hydrogen fuel cells. Reaction with hydroxy radicals is expected to be a significant source of degradation of these membranes during fuel cell operation. In this work, the reactivity of the sPEEK polymer molecule with OH radicals is studied by M062X hybrid density functional calculations of the energetics of several reaction paths in a water environment as modeled by polarized continuum model (PCM) calculations. Reactants, products, encounter minima and transition states are optimized for a reaction pathway in which OH addition is followed by acid-catalyzed water elimination which cationizes the polymer, degradation is expected to follow this reaction as the unstable cation then undergoes bond-breaking or other reactions. Two pathways for this acid-catalyzed cationization, one in which a water molecule plays the role of an additional co-catalyst, are reported. Further calculations explore reaction pathways in which addition of OH to the polymer is followed by bond breaking reactions which would break the polymer chain or the bond between the polymer and sulfonyl groups. Examination of the free energy barriers to all these reactions, relative to reactants, suggest that these direct bond-breaking reactions may compete somewhat with acid-catalyzed water elimination following OH addition.
Impact Analysis of Weather Factors on Aircraft Cancellation using Multilayer Complex Network
Authors: Kim Kyunghun , Lee Hoyong , Lee Myungjin , Bae Younghye , Kim Hung Soo , Kim Soojun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Aircraft is one of the most popular and important transportation services for passengers. However, its increased importance has become proportional to the increased aircraft cancellations, especially, by abnormal weather factors such as rainfall and wind speed. The previous studies have concentrated on ripple effects and individual factors of the cancellations rather than combined analysis of the factors. That is to say, we have studied aircraft cancellation using network analysis for only aircraft elements such as seat number and aircraft operation. Therefore, this study applied a multilayer complex network with three different factors of aircraft, rainfall, and wind speed for aircraft cancellation to 14 airports in South Korea. The multilayer complex network is useful for analyzing network which has various different factors. The results showed that rainfall had greater impact on aircraft cancellations than wind speed. Jeju airport was the greatest influence node by vital node identification analysis, because it had high demand of aircraft and was frequently affected by rainfall and wind speed. Through overall results, we have known that the multilayer complex network methodology can consider the relationship between the factors as well as the characteristics of each factor in analyzing the complex phenomenon.
Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Uropathogens in Butembo, Democratic Republic of Congo: A 5 Years Retrospective Study
Authors: Bunduki Gabriel Kambale , Patil Sandip , Yu Uet , Katsioto Agnes Kavira , Liu Sixi , Wen Feiqiu , Francisco Ngiambudulu M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance is a global challenging issue in children and adults. Finding the extent of resistance is the first step in finding an appropriate way to combat it. This study aimed to assess the antibiotic resistance patterns of different bacterial isolates in urine specimens from children and adults.
Methods
This retrospective cross-sectional study was done from January 1, 2014, to December 30, 2018, and used data from bacterial cultures collected and processed at the Centre Universitaire de Diagnostic au Graben (CUDG), located in Butembo in the Eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Conventional standard urine culture followed by bacteria identification based on conventional methods (colony morphology, Gram stain, and biochemical tests) were performed. Standard disc diffusion drug susceptibility testing was performed using CLSI M 100-S22 guidelines.
Findings
Of 1620 urine specimens collected, 1041 (64.3%) showed positive microorganism growth. The three most isolated bacterial microorganisms were S. aureus (561 [53.9%]), E. coli (124 [11.9%]), and Streptococcus spp (74 [7.1%]). Resistance of S. aureus was as follows: amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 50.3% (234 of 465 isolated tested), gentamicin 37.9% (167/441), ceftriaxone (329/469), ciprofloxacin (207/509), doxycycline (232/524), nalidixic acid (73/92) and meropenem (64/88). The resistance profile of E. coli was as follows: amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 77.8% (70/90), gentamicin % (44/95), ceftriaxone (45/108), ciprofloxacin (55/113), doxycycline (78/108), nalidixic acid (56/73) and meropenem (33/55). Resistance of Streptococci spp was amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 34.9% (23/66), gentamicin % (26/56), ceftriaxone (28/62), ciprofloxacin (28/66), doxycycline (28/64), nalidixic acid (14/17) and meropenem (7/8). Among the isolated bacteria, 66.8% (695/1041) were multidrug-resistant.
Conclusion
Antimicrobial resistance is prevalent among isolated uropathogenic bacteria, especially to first-line and second-line antibiotics. Continued surveillance and a tracking system for multidrug-resistant bacteria are needed. Judicious and rational antibiotic usage is recommended.
Fluralaner systemic treatment of chickens results in mortality in Triatoma gerstaeckeri, vector of the agent of Chagas disease
Authors: Durden Cassandra , Tian Yuexun , Knape Koyle , Klemashevich Cory , Carey John , Hamer Sarah A. , Hamer Gabriel L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Chagas disease remains a persistent vector-borne neglected tropical disease throughout the Americas and threatens both human and animal health. Diverse control methods have been used to target triatomine vector populations, with household insecticides being the most common. As an alternative to environmental sprays, host-targeted systemic insecticides (or endectocides) allow for application of chemicals to vertebrate host resulting in toxic bloodmeals for arthropods (xenointoxification).
Methods
In this study, three systemic insecticide products were evaluated for their ability to kill triatomines by treating chickens orally and allowing triatomines to feed on treated birds. The products included: Safe-Guard® Aquasol (fenbendazole), Ivomec® Pour-On (ivermectin), and Bravecto® (fluralaner). Triatoma gerstaeckeri nymphs were allowed to feed on live birds at 0, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days post-treatment. Triatoma gerstaeckeri survival and feeding status were recorded and analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curve and logistic regression.
Results
Fluralaner caused up to 100% mortality in T. gerstaeckeri through 14 days post treatment but not after; in contrast, all insects which fed on fenbendazole and ivermectin-treated birds survived. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QQQ) analysis was used to detect the concentration of fluralaner and fenbendazole in chicken plasma. Fluralaner was detected at 3-, 7- and 14-days post treatment but not later, while fenbendazole concentration was below the limit of detection at all time points.
Conclusions
Xenointoxification using fluralaner in poultry is a potential new tool for integrated vector control to reduce risk of Chagas disease.
Development of an online complex exercise rehabilitation intervention for people with pulmonary hypertension: The Supervised Pulmonary Hypertension Exercise Rehabilitation (SPHERe) Trial
Authors: Ennis Stuart , Sandhu Harbinder , Bruce Julie , Seers Kate , Pincus Tamar , Underwood Martin , McGregor Gordon 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: People with pulmonary hypertension (PH) are not routinely referred for exercise rehabilitation despite potential for reducing breathlessness and improving quality of life. We describe the development of an online supervised exercise-based rehabilitation programme for people with pulmonary hypertension.
Methods: Development was completed in three phases; 1) systematic review, 2) stakeholder engagement with consensus from patients and experts, and 3) intervention feasibility and subsequent internal pilot testing. We completed systematic reviews to identify trials of exercise interventions and international cardiopulmonary guidance for people with pulmonary hypertension. The draft intervention was then ratified through discussions with multidisciplinary professionals and people living with pulmonary hypertension. We tested the SPHERe intervention in an internal pilot study. Adaptations were implemented due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Evidence from systematic reviews and stakeholder consensus from patients and healthcare experts shaped the SPHERe intervention, including addition of individual behavioural education sessions to promote adherence to exercise. Pre-pilot investigation, with eight participants, identified a number of condition-specific issues relating to safety and fear avoidance. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown, we adapted the draft intervention for online group delivery. Comprehensive intervention training manuals were produced for practitioners to ensure standardised delivery. Participant workbooks were developed and piloted.
Discussion: The final online SPHERe intervention incorporates weekly supervised group exercise and behavioural support ‘coaching’ sessions with trained practitioners, with a home exercise plan and the optional loan of an exercise bike. The intervention is fully manualised with clear pathways for assessment and individualised exercise prescription. This is the first structured online programme for people with pulmonary hypertension. The clinical and cost-effectiveness of the SPHERe intervention is currently being tested in a UK multicentre randomised controlled trial for people with pulmonary hypertension (ISRCTN10608766: Supervised Pulmonary Hypertension Exercise Rehabilitation trial: SPHERe).
Relativistic effect inside matter. Obtaining a new dispersion formula.
Authors: Chernov Andrey 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this study, the dependence of the refraction of light in matter on the energy density of electron clouds was studied. Therefore, one of the goals of this study was to obtain a dispersion formula based on this dependence. Einstein's relativistic formula was taken as the basis for obtaining this formula. After the transformations carried out, a new dispersion formula was obtained from this formula. According to the new formula, 42 refractive indices of light were determined in 12 transparent substances in three states of aggregation. Comparison of the obtained indicators with the laboratory refractive indices of light showed the high accuracy of the dispersion formula, which amounted to ±10 – 6 −10 – 5 in the calculated sections of the 70-90 nm wavelength ranges. This formula can be applied to the same wide range of transparent substances as the empirical formulas of Hartmann, Cauchy, etc. The successful application of the new dispersion formula made it possible to apply the analogy method to the energy density of electron clouds. As a result, the formula for the density of electron clouds of transparent substances was obtained. Sample calculations were made using this formula. These calculations showed a high energy density of electron clouds in matter, which amounted to 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒− 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟓 J/m3.
Rheumatic Manifestations of Parkinson’s Disease: An Overview
Authors: Slouma Maroua , Hajji Haifa , Rahmouni Safa , Dhahri Rim , Metoui Leila , Gharsallah Imen 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. It can be responsible for several rheumatological manifestations.

Aims:
This article aimed to review and summarize current knowledge on musculoskeletal diseases associated with Parkinson's disease and their management.

Methods:
We conducted a narrative review of musculoskeletal features associated with Parkinson's disease.

Results:
Rheumatological manifestations of Parkinson's disease include postural disorders (antecol-lis, cervical kyphosis, cervical positive sagittal malalignment, camptocormia, Pisa syndrome, scoli-osis), bone disorders (osteoporosis, bone fractures), and joint disorders (frozen shoulder, hand, and foot deformities). Rheumatological manifestations lead to physical disability, long-term pain, and impaired quality of life. However, the management of these manifestations is not yet codified. It can associate botulinum toxin, thoraco-pelvic anterior distraction, orthosis, orthopedic surgical correc-tion, pallidotomy, or deep brain stimulation in patients with camptocormia. Therapeutic manage-ment of osteoporosis includes calcium and vitamin D intake and bisphosphonates.

Conclusion:
Rheumatological manifestations are common in Parkinson’s disease. Optimal care of patients with Parkinson’s disease should include attention to management of postural, bone, and joint disorders since it remains a major cause of functional impairment and disability.
Analisis Praktik Utang Piutang Jual Beli Kopi Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam (Studi Pada Desa Rikit Musara Kecamatan Permata Kabupaten Bener Meriah)
Authors: Rahmiati Rahmiati , Ilyas Fithriady , Desiana Rina 
Published: February 2023

Utang piutang dalam jual beli kopi merupakan muamalah yang diperbolehkan dalam ajaran Islam yaitu sebagai tolong menolong. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana praktik utang piutang dan apakah praktik yang dilakukan sudah sesuai dengan prinsip dasar ekonomi Islam. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar masyarakat belum mengetahui konsep utang piutang sesuai dengan prinsip dasar ekonomi Islam. Sebagian kecil masyarakat di desa Rikit Musara sudah melakukan dan mengetahui praktik utang piutang sesuai dengan prinsip dasar ekonomi Islam. Yaitu tauhid (keesaan Tuhan), ta,awun (tolong menolong) dan kemaslahatan.
Peculiarities of the application of legislation on the prevention of corruption in the conditions of martial law
Authors: Shylo S. 
Published: February 2023

The article focuses on the negative impact that corruption has on the efficiency of the state, reducing its manageability and worsening the organization of public life even under martial law. Prevention of corruption must be carried out exclusively on a legal basis - in compliance with the principle of the rule of law and the recognition that in Ukraine human rights and freedoms and their guarantees determine the content and direction of the state’s activities. The author conducted an analysis of changes and additions to the current legislation of Ukraine regarding the prevention of corruption under martial law. It has been established that such novelties provided for by the projects on strengthening responsibility for corruption acts during martial law are fully justified and aimed at preventing the «sprinkling» of international aid during wartime, the task of a preventive strike, equating corruption with cooperation with the enemy. A scientific vision of the legislative approach to solving the problem of preventing corruption in Ukraine is formulated, taking into account the realistic goal of such activity and the war in the country.
Also, an analysis of the implementation of the institute of authorized units (authorized persons) for the prevention and detection of corruption, which are the primary link of the anti-corruption infrastructure and are called to help managers and other employees of state bodies, including during the period of martial law in Ukraine, was carried out. allow violations of the requirements of the Law.
The author comes to the conclusion that the effective fight against corruption in Ukraine under martial law continues, in addition to the presence of the appropriate political will, such activity requires appropriate legislative support (a set of legal prescriptions regulating mechanisms for preventing corruption, as well as responsibility for committing corruption violations) , formation of an effective system of state bodies, ensuring proper coordination of the formation and implementation of anti-corruption policy, preventive measures to prevent corruption, as well as its overcoming in the conditions of martial law. The construction of such an institutional system must comply with international standards (in particular, the conventions of the United Nations and the Council of Europe against corruption, as well as the recommendations of GRECO and the Istanbul action plan of the anti-corruption network of the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) and best global practice, as well as take into account the peculiarities Ukrainian legalsystem.
Transport and Means of Communication in Language Worldview of Vologda Peasant: Traditions and Innovations
Authors: Ilyina E. N. 
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the study of records of dialect speech, verbalizing the ideas of rural residents of the Vologda region about the system of transport and means of communication. The object of analysis is the lexical set of names of vehicles and means of communication, as well as the corpus of texts. Informants differentiate roads in detail from the point of view of the possibilities of their use in summer or winter, for walking, skiing, wheeled, sledge, caterpillar, sled, etc. transportation. Many traditional beliefs and customs of dialect speakers are associated with the road. Informants living near navigable rivers and large lakes perceive movement by water as one of the ordinary components of the transport system, while those living far from water bodies treat water transport with caution and prejudice, emphasizing the danger of the water element. The most vivid impressions of dialect speakers about movement in space are associated with air transport. The narrative of this event is clothed in the genre form of a “story-plate”, which occupies an intermediate position between everyday and folklore non-fairy-tale prose. However, such stories, as a rule, tell about the first or only air flight in the life of the informant.
Public Discussion around American Purchases for Needs of Russian Roads during First World War
Authors: Ivanov A. A. , Bogomazov N. I. 
Published: February 2023

The problem of the dependence of Russian railway transport on foreign supplies during the First World War is considered. For the first time, this issue is revealed through the prism of a public discussion, which was conducted on the pages of the Russian periodical press on the issues of American procurement for railways. Particular attention is paid to criticism of the current situation in the field of railway transport, the danger of dependence of the Russian industry on foreign powers (both hostile, neutral and allied) and the need for import substitution. New sources are introduced into scientific circulation (materials of the periodical press, transcripts of meetings of the State Duma), which make it possible to get a more complete picture of both the problems that have developed in the field of railway transport and their perception in Russian society. It is noted that despite the positive attitude of the press to the establishment of commercial and industrial relations with America, many publicists and politicians noted that the replacement of German capital and industrial goods with American ones posed no less danger for Russia in the future, which could only be avoided through the development of national production.
Conflict in Linguistic Researches
Authors: Kinderknekht A. S. 
Published: February 2023

An overview of domestic publications on conflictology in the field of linguistics is provided in the article. A quantitative analysis of linguistic works on the problem of conflict from 1990 to 2022 is carried out. The linguistic features of the study of conflict in dissertations, monographs, articles and textbooks are evaluated. Leading research methods: bibliometric analysis, publication method, classification method. The relevance of the study is related to the objective need to understand conflicts in different areas of scientific knowledge, as well as the need to study the contribution of the philological sciences to the development of modern conflictology. Monitoring of linguistic works on conflict shows that linguistics is beginning to take a strong place in the theory of conflictology. The analysis of bibliographic information allows us to characterize the main directions of the problem of conflict study in linguistics: contradictions in language and speech, conflict of language norms, conceptual essence of the conflict phenomenon, verbalization of the concept CONFLICT, objectification of reality conflicts in texts, language markers of conflict potential, destructive practices of conflict, ways of communication optimization, legal dimension of linguistic conflict, linguistic ways of conflict prevention. The author’s diversification of linguistic works by types of conflict is presented in the article.