bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolving Endotracheal Tube Preferences and Practices: Intensivist Knowledge Gaps and Sex Disparities
Authors: De La Chapa Julian S. , Webb Katherine , Stadlin Cameron , Reddy Adithya , Schoeff Stephen F. , Reed Robert , McColl Logan F. , Thiele Robert H. , Daniero James J. 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesThe complex management of intubation‐related laryngeal injury makes prevention vital. The purpose of this study is to assess endotracheal tube (ETT) practices and preferences among intensivists at our institution.MethodsChart review of intubated patients and intensivist survey were simultaneously performed in January 2016 and August 2022. A height‐to‐ETT size ratio (H:ETT) was calculated for each patient in the 2022 cohort. Intubated patients were followed until tracheostomy, extubation, or death occurred. Surveys assessed intensivist preferences for ETT size and management of intubated patients.Results300 ICU patients were included. The mean ETT size for males decreased from 7.73 ± 0.30 in 2016 to 7.57 ± 0.25 in 2022 (p < 0.001). The average H:ETT of men was higher than females (p = 0.004), indicating that females in this population were intubated with larger ETTs relative to their height compared to males. Whereas the majority (66.7%) of intensivists endorse 7.0 ETTs as the standard for women, the majority (70%) of women at our institution are intubated with a 7.5 ETT or larger. Of intubated patients in the ICU, 23 (19.5%) were intubated for 11 days or longer.ConclusionsCompared to men, women are intubated with larger‐than‐preferred ETTs relative to height. Additionally, patients in our study were intubated for longer than preferred based on intensivist surveys, putting this population at higher risk for acute laryngeal injury (AlgI)‐related laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS). Further studies should seek to identify similar trends and barriers to reducing ALgI‐related LTS.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:3080–3086, 2023
Effect of blending cashew oil modified phenolic resin and nitrile rubber on thermal, mechanical, and tribological performance of friction materials
Authors: Wang Zhengyun , Ling Junhua , Luan Daochen , Hu Zhihua , Jiang Wenmiao , Zhang Xu , Yin Zhiming , Sun Wei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effects of blending cashew nutshell oil modified phenolic resin and nitrile rubber (NBR) on the thermal, mechanical, and tribological performance of brake friction materials. The friction materials, which have a total binder of 25 wt% and different ratios of cashew nutshell oil modified phenolic resin and NBR, were prepared by hot press molding process. The experimental results show that NBR is beneficial to improve the hardness and compression modulus of the brake friction materials. The coefficient of friction (COF) is proportional to the wear rate, when the ratio of cashew nutshell oil modified phenolic resin and NBR is 13:12, the friction material has good heat resistance and exhibits excellent friction stability in the braking process, and the COF is steady between 0.420 and 0.448 at different braking speeds, while the wear resistance of material is optimal. The worn surfaces of the friction materials were examined by scanning electron microscope, and it was determined that the friction film is predominantly secondary plateaus, which can stabilize the COF and reduce the wear rate.
Ultrasound‐controlled transthoracic true‐cut needle biopsy in pulmonary nodular amyloidosis
Authors: Mihalova Teodora Z. , Ivanova Silviya S. , Mekov Evgeni V. , Yamakova Yordanka Т. , Petkov Rosen E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe current case report presents a 59‐year‐old man with imaging studies of the thorax showing nodular lesions in the lungs bilaterally. Based on radiographic and CT images, preliminary diagnoses for possible granulomatosis (tuberculosis) or pulmonary metastatic dissemination of a neoplastic process were made. An ultrasound‐controlled transthoracic true‐cut needle biopsy of a subpleural lesion was performed. Special staining with Congo red and examination with a polarizing light microscope for detection of amyloid confirmed the diagnosis of ‘pulmonary nodular amyloidosis’ by visualizing green birefringence.
Synthesis and Antiviral Efficacy of Pyrimidine Analogs Targeting Viral Pathways
Authors: Jeelan Basha N. , Chandana T. L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo date, viruses are known to cause chronic to acute pathogenesis. Nevertheless, antiviral drugs have been known for their medicinal applications for the last few decades to treat infections caused by these pathogens. Despite advancements in the field of vaccination and antiviral drugs, there is a need for a molecule that can eradicate or control viral infection without getting resistance from pathogens will be a real challenge. This review covers possible ways to treat viral infections with pyrimidine and its mimics compared to known antiviral drugs. A comprehensive study of the report accomplished synthetic routes of pyrimidine analogs and their target‐specific antiviral potential. The present review article covers literature from 2018 to 2022.
Rational Design of Nanomedicine for Placental Disorders: Birthing a New Era in Women's Reproductive Health
Authors: Geisler Hannah C. , Safford Hannah C. , Mitchell Michael J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe placenta is a transient organ that forms during pregnancy and acts as a biological barrier, mediating exchange between maternal and fetal circulation. Placental disorders, such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, placenta accreta spectrum, and gestational trophoblastic disease, originate in dysfunctional placental development during pregnancy and can lead to severe complications for both the mother and fetus. Unfortunately, treatment options for these disorders are severely lacking. Challenges in designing therapeutics for use during pregnancy involve selectively delivering payloads to the placenta while protecting the fetus from potential toxic side effects. Nanomedicine holds great promise in overcoming these barriers; the versatile and modular nature of nanocarriers, including prolonged circulation times, intracellular delivery, and organ‐specific targeting, can control how therapeutics interact with the placenta. In this review, nanomedicine strategies are discussed to treat and diagnose placental disorders with an emphasis on understanding the unique pathophysiology behind each of these diseases. Finally, prior study of the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying these placental disorders has revealed novel disease targets. These targets are highlighted here to motivate the rational design of precision nanocarriers to improve therapeutic options for placental disorders.
A Molecularly Engineered Cathode Lithium Compensation Agent for High Energy Density Batteries
Authors: Wu Wei , Wang Aoxuan , Zhan Qiushe , Hu Zhenglin , Tang Wenjing , Zhang Lan , Luo Jiayan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPrelithiating cathode is considered as one of the most promising lithium compensation strategies for practical high energy density batteries. Whereas most of reported cathode lithium compensation agents are deficient owing to their poor air‐stability, residual insulating solid, or formidable Li‐extracting barrier. Here, this work proposes molecularly engineered 4‐Fluoro‐1,2‐dihydroxybenzene Li salt (LiDF) with high specific capacity (382.7 mAh g−1) and appropriate delithiation potential (3.6–4.2 V) as an air‐stable cathode Li compensation agent. More importantly, the charged residue 4‐Fluoro‐1,2‐benzoquinone (BQF) can synergistically work as an electrode/electrolyte interface forming additive to build uniform and robust LiF‐riched cathode/anode electrolyte interfaces (CEI/SEI). Consequently, less Li loss and retrained electrolyte decomposition are achieved. With 2 wt% 4‐Fluoro‐1,2‐dihydroxybenzene Li salt initially blended within the cathode, 1.3 Ah pouch cells with NCM (Ni92) cathode and SiO/C (550 mAh g−1) anode can keep 91% capacity retention after 350 cycles at 1 C rate. Moreover, the anode free of NCM622+LiDF||Cu cell achieves 78% capacity retention after 100 cycles with the addition of 15 wt% LiDF. This work provides a feasible sight for the rational designing Li compensation agent at molecular level to realize high energy density batteries.
Outcome‐based comparative analysis of five fetal growth velocity models to define slow growth
Authors: Gardosi J. , Hugh O. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveFetal growth surveillance includes assessment of size as well as rate of growth, and various definitions for slow growth have been adopted into clinical use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different models to identify stillbirth risk, in addition to risk represented by the fetus being small‐for‐gestational age (SGA).MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of a routinely collected and anonymized dataset of pregnancies that had two or more third‐trimester ultrasound measurements of estimated fetal weight (EFW). SGA was defined as EFW < 10th customized centile, and slow growth was defined according to five published models in clinical use: (1) a fixed velocity limit of 20 g per day (FVL20); (2) a fixed > 50 centile drop, regardless of scan‐measurement interval (FCD50); (3) a fixed > 30 centile drop, regardless of scan interval (FCD30); (4) growth trajectory slower than the third customized growth‐centile limit (GCL3); and (5) EFW at second scan below the projected optimal weight range (POWR), based on partial receiver‐operating‐characteristics‐curve‐derived  cut‐offs specific to the scan interval.ResultsThe study cohort consisted of 164 718 pregnancies with 480 592 third‐trimester ultrasound scans (mean ± SD, 2.9 ± 0.9). The last two scans in each pregnancy were performed at an average gestational age of 33 + 5 and 37 + 1 weeks. At the last scan, 12 858 (7.8%) EFWs were SGA, and of these, 9359 were also SGA at birth (positive predictive value, 72.8%). The rate at which slow growth was defined varied considerably (FVL20, 12.7%; FCD50, 0.7%; FCD30, 4.6%; GCL3, 19.8%; POWR, 10.1%), and there was varying overlap between cases identified as having slow growth and those identified as SGA at the last scan. Only the POWR method identified additional non‐SGA pregnancies with slow growth (11 237/16 671 (67.4%)) that had significant stillbirth risk (relative risk, 1.58 (95% CI, 1.04–2.39)). These non‐SGA cases resulting in stillbirth had a median EFW centile of 52.6 at the last scan and a median weight centile of 27.3 at birth. Subgroup analysis identified methodological problems with the fixed‐velocity model because it assumes linear growth throughout gestation, and with the centile‐based methods because the non‐parametric distribution of centiles at the extremes does not reflect actual difference in weight gain.ConclusionComparative analysis of five clinically used methods to define slow fetal growth has shown that only the measurement‐interval‐specific POWR model can identify non‐SGA fetuses with slow growth that are at increased risk of stillbirth. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Territorial vocalization patterns of captive Asiatic lions (Panthera leo persica) in the middle of winter at high latitude
Authors: Hennessy Juliette , Fonteneau Julien , Scanaill Cathriona Ní , McKeown Sean , O′Donovan Declan , Killeen Gerry F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWild lions, especially the males, spend much of their time performing various territorial advertising behaviors, the most obvious of which are loud vocalizations that can be heard several kilometers away. This study investigated whether a captive pride of three Asiatic lions at Fota Wildlife Park in Ireland exhibited typical patterns of territorial vocalizations and associated behaviors. A total of 705 bouts of territorial vocalization were noted over 1 month of near‐continuous audio recording in the middle of winter in 2020. Also, complementary visual observations were performed during regular daytime visits to collect audio data and maintain recording equipment. These captive lions exhibited generally similar territorial urine spraying, scent rubbing and vocalization behaviors to their wild counterparts but differed in that they primarily vocalized during daylight hours, including afternoons and late mornings. While most roaring occurred during the day there was also a brief peak just before dawn, between 07:00 and 08:00, and another after dusk, between 17:00 and 18:00. Vocalization activity tailed off after 22:00 and became infrequent over the remaining hours of darkness. Although this contrasts starkly with the predominantly nocturnal activity patterns of wild lions, it is consistent with some reports from some other captive settings. Although the underlying reasons for this habit of roaring throughout the day remain unclear, it is fortuitous because the spectacular territorial vocalizations of these captive lions enrich visitor experiences and may hopefully stimulate interest in travel to the low and middle‐income countries where tourist income is essential to sustain the conservation areas they and many other species depend on.
Decision Support for the Optimization of Continuous Processes using Digital Shadows
Authors: Idzik Christian , Hilger Daniel , Hosters Norbert , Kemmerling Marco , Niemietz Philipp , Ortjohann Lucia , Sasse Jana , Serafeim Alexandros , Wang Jing , Wolff Daniel , Hirt Gerhard 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDecision support systems can provide real-time process information and correlations, which in turn assists process experts in making decisions and thus further increase productivity. This also applies to well-established and already highly automated processes in continuous production employed in various industrial sectors. Continuous production refers to processes in which the produced material, either fluid or solid form, is continuously in motion and processed. As a result, the process can usually not be stopped. It is only possible to influence the running process. However, the highly nonlinear interactions between process parameters and product quality are not always known in their entirety which led to inferior product quality in terms of mechanical properties and surface quality. This requires accurate representations of the processes and the products in real-time, so-called digital shadows.Therefore, this contribution shows the necessary steps to provide a digital shadow based on numerical, physical models and process data and to couple the digital shadow with data analysis and machine learning to enable automatic decision support. This is exemplified at various stages throughout two different process chains with continuous processes: first, by using a thermoplastic production process called profile extrusion, and second, on the example of a metal processing process chain, from which three processes are described in more detail, namely, hot rolling, tempering, and fine blanking. Finally, the presented approaches and results are summarized.
Rare b decays meet high-mass Drell-Yan
Authors: Greljo Admir , Salko Jakub , Smolkovič Aleks , Stangl Peter 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Rare b hadron decays are considered excellent probes of new semileptonic four-fermion interactions of microscopic origin. However, the same interactions also correct the high-mass Drell-Yan tails. In this work, we revisit the first statement in the context of this complementarity and chart the space of short-distance new physics that could show up in rare b decays. We analyze the latest b → qℓ+ℓ− measurements, where q = d or s and ℓ = e or μ, including the most recent LHCb $$ {R}_{K^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$

R

K

∗

update, together with the latest charged and neutral current high-mass Drell-Yan data, pp → ℓν and pp → ℓ+ℓ−. We implement a sophisticated interpretation pipeline within the flavio framework, allowing us to investigate the multidimensional SMEFT parameter space thoroughly and efficiently. To showcase the new functionalities of flavio, we construct several explicit models featuring either a Z′ or a leptoquark, which can explain the tension in b → sμ+μ− angular distributions and branching fractions while predicting lepton flavor universality (LFU) ratios to be SM-like, $$ {R}_{K^{\left(\ast \right)}}\approx {R}_{K^{\left(\ast \right)}}^{\textrm{SM}} $$

R

K

∗

≈

R

K

∗

SM

, as indicated by the recent data. Those models are then confronted against the global likelihood, including the high-mass Drell-Yan, either finding tensions or compatibility.
Bethe-Salpeter equation for classical gravitational bound states
Authors: Adamo Tim , Gonzo Riccardo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Bethe-Salpeter equation is a non-perturbative, relativistic and covariant description of two-body bound states. We derive the classical Bethe-Salpeter equation for two massive point particles (with or without spin) in a bound gravitational system. This is a recursion relation which involves two-massive-particle-irreducible diagrams in the space of classical amplitudes, defined by quotienting out by symmetrization over internal graviton exchanges. In this context, we observe that the leading eikonal approximation to two-body scattering arises directly from unitarity techniques with a coherent state of virtual gravitons. More generally, we solve the classical Bethe-Salpeter equation analytically at all orders by exponentiating the classical kernel in impact parameter space. We clarify the connection between this classical kernel and the Hamilton-Jacobi action, making manifest the analytic continuation between classical bound and scattering observables. Using explicit analytic resummations of classical (spinless and spinning) amplitudes in momentum space, we further explore the relation between poles with bound state energies and residues with bound state wavefunctions. Finally, we discuss a relativistic analogue of Sommerfeld enhancement which occurs for bound state cross sections.
N = (2, 0) AdS3 solutions of M-theory
Authors: Ashmore A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We consider the most general solutions of eleven-dimensional supergravity preserving N = 2 supersymmetry whose metrics are warped products of three-dimensional anti-de Sitter space with an eight-dimensional manifold, focusing on those realising (2,0) superconformal symmetry. We give a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for a solution to be supersymmetric, which can be phrased, in the general case, in terms of a local SU(2) structure and its intrinsic torsion. We show that these supergravity backgrounds always admit a nowhere-vanishing Killing vector field that preserves the solution and encodes the U(1) R-symmetry of the dual field theory. We illustrate our results with examples which have appeared in the literature, including those with SU(4), G2 and SU(3) structures, and discuss new classes of Minkowski solutions.
dS4 universe emergent from Kerr-AdS5 spacetime: bubble nucleation catalyzed by a black hole
Authors: Koga Issei , Oshita Naritaka , Ueda Kazushige 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The emergence of a four-dimensional de Sitter (dS4) universe on an expanding bubble in the five-dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS5) background has been suggested as a possible cosmological scenario. It is motivated by the difficulties in the realization of a stable de Sitter vacua in string theory. The bubble can be nucleated in a meta-stable pure AdS5 spacetime, but it is known that a pure AdS spacetime is non-perturbatively unstable. It means that the pure AdS5 background is an idealized situation, and in realistic situations, non-linear perturbations in AdS may lead to the formation of black holes due to the gravitational turbulent instability. To investigate how the proposed scenario works in a more realistic situation, we here study the nucleation process of a vacuum bubble in the Kerr-AdS5 spacetime. Especially we investigate conditions sufficient to ensure the nucleation of a vacuum bubble with a rotating black hole and how the black hole affects the transition rate. We find that even in the Kerr-AdS5 spacetime, a quasi-dS4 expansion can be realized on the nucleated vacuum bubble without contradicting the de Sitter swampland conjectures.
A CFT interpretation of cosmological correlation functions in α−vacua in de-Sitter space
Authors: Jain Sachin , Kundu Nilay , Kundu Suman , Mehta Abhishek , Sake Sunil Kumar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
De-Sitter(dS) space allows for a generalized class of vacua, known as α–vacua, described by some parameters. The Bunch-Davies (BD) vacuum is a point in this parameter space. The cosmological correlation function in BD vacuum in four dimensions and can be interpreted as CFT3 correlation function of certain operators. However, the correlation function in α–vacua takes a much more complicated form. In this paper, we give a simple prescription to compute correlation function in α–vacua in terms of correlation function of BD vacuum. We also show that the correlation function in the α–vacua can be related to three-dimensional CFT correlation functions if we relax the requirement of consistency with OPE limit. Relaxation of consistency with OPE limit can be naturally achieved in momentum space.
Composite topological structures in SO(10)
Authors: Lazarides George , Shafi Qaisar , Tiwari Amit 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We explore a variety of composite topological structures that arise from the spontaneous breaking of SO(10) to SU(3)c× U(1)em via one of its maximal subgroups SU(5) × U(1)χ, SU(4)c× SU(2)L× SU(2)R, and SU(5) × U(1)X (also known as flipped SU(5)). They include i) a network of ℤ strings which develop monopoles and turn into necklaces with the structure of ℤ2 strings, ii) dumbbells connecting two different types of monopoles, or monopoles and antimonpoles, iii) starfish-like configurations, iv) polypole configurations, and v) walls bounded by a necklace. We display these structures both before and after the electroweak breaking. The appearance of these composite structures in the early universe and their astrophysical implications including gravitational wave emission would depend on the symmetry breaking patterns and scales, and the nature of the associated phase transitions.
Remarks on 2d unframed quiver gauge theories
Authors: Zhao Peng , Zou Hao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study 2d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (2, 2) quiver gauge theories without flavor nodes. There is a special class of quivers whose gauge group ranks stay positive in any duality frame. We illustrate this with the Abelian Kronecker quiver and the Abelian Markov quiver as the simplest examples. In the geometric phase, they engineer an infinite sequence of projective spaces and hypersurfaces in Calabi-Yau spaces, respectively. We show that the Markov quiver provides an Abelianization of SU(3) SQCD. Turning on the FI parameters and the θ angles for the Abelian quiver effectively deform SQCD by such parameters. For an Abelian necklace quiver corresponding to SU(k) SQCD, we find evidence for singular loci supporting non-compact Coulomb branches in the Kähler moduli space.