bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparación de adecuación de diálisis y recirculación de urea en pacientes con catéteres de punta simétrica y punta escalonada, en hemodiálisis crónica
Authors: Ortiz Vilorio Annel , Gil Arredondo Maria Inés , Trinidad Ramos Pedro 
Published: July 2023

Introducción: En México alrededor de 120,000 pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica requieren terapia sustitutiva mediante HD. Los angioaccesos para HD pueden ser temporales, semipermanentes y definitivos. Los catéteres semipermanentes tienen una mayor sobrevida, mayor flujo sanguíneo extracorpóreo y menor recirculación sanguínea. Existen diferentes diseños en la terminación de los catetéres (punta simétrica y punta escalonada) asociados con porcentaje de recirculación y con la adecuación de diálisis. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la adecuación de hemodiálisis en catéteres con punta simétrica recubierta de heparina y plata contra punta escalonada, en pacientes en hemodiálisis crónica con angioaccesos previos.
Métodos: Se aleatorizaron los pacientes en dos grupos, definidos como grupo uno a los cuales se les colocó el catéter con punta simétrica recubierto de heparina y plata y grupo dos a los pacientes con catéter con punta escalonada, considerando la presencia o ausencia de secuela estenótica. En el seguimiento evaluó la dosis de diálisis (a través de Kt/V, porcentaje de reducción de urea y recirculación sanguínea). Los resultados se evaluaron a través de X2, t student y/o U Mann Whitney con el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 21.
Resultados: En el período de abril a junio de 2017 se incluyeron a 38 pacientes, hasta el momento han concluido el periodo de seguimiento 28 pacientes 15 del grupo 1 y 13 del grupo 2. El KT/V reportado fue de 1.14 para el grupo 1 y 1.28 para el grupo 2, asi como el porcentaje de reducción de urea de 61 y 63 para los grupos 1 y 2 respectivamente (P=0.25). El porcentaje de recirculación reportado en 2.97 para el grupo 1 y 1.96 para el grupo 2 (P=0.34).
Conclusión: En el presente estudio no existen diferencias en la dosis de diálisis y el porcentaje de recirculación de urea en catéteres de punta simétrica y punta escalonada, por lo que un estudio de costo beneficio es imperativo.
Probing Optical Multi‐Level Memory Effects in Single Core‐Shell Quantum Dots and Application Through 2D–0D Hybrid Inverters
Authors: Ra Hyun‐Soo , Kim Tae Wook , Taylor Derrick Allan , Lee Je‐Jun , Song Seungho , Ahn Jongtae , Jang Jisu , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Shim Jae Won , Lee Jong‐Soo , Hwang Do Kyung 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChallenges in the development of a multi‐level memory (MM) device for multinary arithmetic computers have posed an obstacle to low‐power, ultra‐high‐speed operation. For the effective transfer of a huge amount of data between arithmetic and storage devices, optical communication technology represents a compelling solution. Here, by replicating a floating gate architecture with CdSe/ZnS type‐I core/shell quantum dots (QDs), a 2D–0D hybrid optical multi‐level memory (OMM) device operated is demonstrated by laser pulses. In the device, laser pulses create linear optically trapped currents with MM characteristics, while conversely, voltage pulses reset all the trapped currents at once. Assuming electron transfer via the energy band alignment between MoS2 and CdSe, the study also establishes the mechanism of the OMM effect. Analysis of the designed device led to a new hypothesis that charge transfer is difficult for laterally adjacent QDs facing a double ZnS shell, which is tested by separately stimulating different positions on the 2D–0D hybrid structure with finely focused laser pulses. Results indicate that each laser pulse induced independent MM characteristics in the 2D–0D hybrid architecture. Based on this phenomenon, we propose a MM inverter to produce MM effects, such as programming and erasing, solely through the use of laser pulses. Finally, the feasibility of a fully optically‐controlled intelligent system based on the proposed OMM inverters is evaluated through a CIFAR‐10 pattern recognition task using a convolutional neural network.
Highly Selective Nickel‐Catalyzed Isomerization‐Hydroboration of Alkenes Affords Terminal Functionalization at Remote C−H Position
Authors: Saunders Tyler M. , Shepard Sydney B. , Hale Dylan J. , Robertson Katherine N. , Turculet Laura 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe report herein the synthesis and characterization of nickel complexes supported by tridentate and bidentate phosphino(silyl) ancillary ligands, along with the successful application of these complexes as precatalysts for the hydroboration of terminal and internal alkenes using pinacolborane (HBPin). These reactions proceeded with low nickel loadings of 2.5‐5 mol % in the absence of co‐solvent, and in some cases at room temperature. Isomerization to afford exclusively the terminal hydroboration product was obtained across a range of internal alkenes, including tri‐ and tetra‐substituted examples. This reactivity is unprecedented for nickel and offers a powerful means of achieving functionalization at a C−H position remote from the C=C double bond. Nickel‐catalyzed deuteroboration experiments using DBPin support a mechanism involving 1,2‐insertion of the alkene and subsequent chain‐walking, which results in isotopic scrambling.
Real‐World Effectiveness of Osteoporosis Medications in France: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Bosco‐Lévy Pauline , Briot Karine , Mehsen‐Cetre Nadia , O'Kelly James , Désaméricq Gaëlle , Abouelfath Abdelilah , Lassalle Régis , Grelaud Angela , Grolleau Adeline , Blin Patrick , Droz‐Perroteau Cécile 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTAlthough drugs for osteoporosis have been demonstrated to be effective in reducing fracture risk in placebo‐controlled clinical trials, data on effectiveness in real‐world practice is limited. Data from the French national health insurance claims database (SNDS) were used to follow five cohorts of women aged ≥55 years after initiating treatment for ≥6 months with either denosumab, zoledronic acid, oral bisphosphonates, raloxifene, or teriparatide in 2014–2016. Fracture incidence was compared within each cohort between the 3 months following initiation (baseline fracture risk) and the 12month, 18month, and 24 month postinitiation periods. Data are presented as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs)s. Overall, 67,046 women were included in the denosumab cohort, 52,914 in the oral bisphosphonate cohort, 41,700 in the zoledronic acid cohort, 11,600 in the raloxifene cohort, and 7510 in the teriparatide cohort. The baseline vertebral fracture rate ranged from 1.74 per 1000 person years (‰PY) in the raloxifene cohort to 34.75‰PY in the teriparatide cohort, and the baseline hip fracture rate from 0.70‰PY in the raloxifene cohort to 10.52‰PY in the zoledronic acid cohort. Compared with the baseline fracture rate, vertebral fractures involving hospitalization were significantly reduced in the 3–24–month postinitiation period with denosumab (IRR 0.6; 95% CI, 0.5–0.7), zoledronic acid (IRR 0.4; 95% CI, 0.3–0.4), teriparatide (IRR 0.3; 95% CI, 0.2–0.5), and oral bisphosphonates (IRR 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4–0.8). Hip fracture incidence was reduced with denosumab (IRR 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6–0.9), but higher for oral bisphosphonates (IRR 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2–2.3); no significant change in hip fracture rate was observed for zoledronic acid, teriparatide, or raloxifene. A reduction in nonvertebral, non‐hip fracture incidence was observed only in the denosumab cohort (IRR 0.8; 95% CI, 0.7–0.9). These findings indicate that treatment with osteoporosis drugs is effective in the real‐world setting. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Experimental and theoretical study on the photoionization of styrene
Authors: Wang Huanhuan , Huang Mingqiang , Chen Hao , Shan Xiaobin , Wang Zhenya , Liu Fuyi , Sheng Liusi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study employed a vacuum ultraviolet synchrotron radiation source and reflectron time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (TOF‐MS) to investigate the photoionization and dissociation of styrene. By analyzing the photoionization mass spectrum and efficiency curve alongside G3B3 theoretical calculations, we determined the ionization energy of the molecular ion, appearance energy of fragment ions, and relevant dissociation pathways. The major ion peaks observed in the photoionization mass spectra of styrene correspond to C8H8+, C8H7+ and C6H6+. The ionization energy of styrene is measured as 8.46 ± 0.03 eV, whereas the appearance energies of C8H7+ and C6H6+ are found to be 12.42 ± 0.03 and 12.22 ± 0.03 eV, respectively, in agreement with theoretical values. The main channel for the photodissociation of styrene molecular ions is the formation of benzene ions, whereas the dissociation channel that loses hydrogen atoms is the secondary channel. Based on the experimental results and empirical formulas, the required dissociation energies (Ed) of C8H7+, C8H6+ and C6H6+ are calculated to be (3.96 ± 0.06), (4.00 ± 0.06) and (3.76 ± 0.06) eV, respectively. Combined with related thermochemical parameters, the standard enthalpies of formations of C8H8+, C8H7+, C8H6+ and C6H6+ are determined to be 964.2, 1346.3, 1350.2 and 1327.0 kJ/mol, respectively. Based on the theoretical study, the kinetic factors controlling the styrene dissociation reaction process are determined by using the Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) theory. This provides a reference for further research on the atmospheric photooxidation reaction mechanism of styrene in atmospheric and interstellar environments.
Injectable ice slurry for reducing pericardial adipose tissue
Authors: Shuhaiber Jeffrey , Moradi Tuchayi Sara , Bijari Felicitas J. , Guehl Nicolas J. , Wang Ying , Farinelli William A. , Arkun Knarik , El Fakhri Georges , Anderson Richard R. , Garibyan Lilit 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesExcess pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. Currently, available methods for reducing PAT volume include weight loss through diet and exercise, weight loss with medications, and bariatric surgery. However, these methods are all limited by low patient compliance to maintain the results. We have developed an injectable ice slurry that could selectively target and reduce subcutaneous adipose tissue volume. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of using injectable slurry to selectively reduce PAT volume in a preclinical large animal model.MethodsPAT in Yucatan swine was injected with slurry or room temperature control solution. All animals were imaged with baseline chest computed tomography (CT) before slurry injection and at 2 months after injection to quantify PAT volume. Specimens from injected and noninjected PAT were harvested for histology.ResultsSlurry treatment of PAT was well tolerated in all animals. Slurry‐induced selective cryolipolysis in treated PAT. CT imaging showed decrease in PAT volume in treated area at 8 weeks posttreatment compared to baseline, that was significantly different from control solution treated group (median [range]: −29.66 [−35.07 to −27.92]% vs. −1.50 [−11.69 to 8.69]% in control animals respectively, p < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that slurry injection into PAT is feasible in a large animal model. Slurry injection was safe and effective in inducing selective cryolipolysis in PAT and reducing PAT volume. Slurry reduction of PAT could potentially serve as a novel treatment for cardiovascular diseases.
On bundling: the aesthetics of exchange and growth in central Uganda
Authors: Calkins Sandra , Zoanni Tyler 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn central Uganda, even a casual observer would notice the widespread presentation of often identical commercial services and goods – fruit vendors, street food or motorcycle taxis, for instance – in a small shared area. This article brings the dynamics of this phenomenon into view under the heuristic rubric of ‘bundling’, reflecting both on diverse examples from present-day Kampala and on some of the phenomenon’s historical and linguistic scaffolding. We take this phenomenon seriously as an alternative form of socio-economic exchange and growth, one that is distinct from liberal and neoliberal imaginaries of an unlimited flow of goods, people, things and services. Bundling, we argue, reflects an aesthetics in which both material value and social relationships are imagined to arise through thickenings of persons and things, assembled and ordered in spatial proximity and symmetry. The article suggests that bundling offers conceptual resources to imagine growth otherwise, as a process unfolding in ways that complicate and clog conventional economic imaginaries.
Leveraging Groundwater Dynamics to Improve Predictions of Summer Low‐Flow Discharges
Authors: Johnson Keira , Harpold Adrian , Carroll Rosemary W. H. , Barnard Holly , Raleigh Mark S. , Segura Catalina , Li Li , Williams Kenneth H. , Dong Wenming , Sullivan Pamela L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSummer streamflow predictions are critical for managing water resources; however, warming‐induced shifts from snow to rain regimes impact low‐flow predictive models. Additionally, reductions in snowpack drive earlier peak flows and lower summer flows across the western United States increasing reliance on groundwater for maintaining summer streamflow. However, it remains poorly understood how groundwater contributions vary interannually. We quantify recession limb groundwater (RLGW), defined as the proportional groundwater contribution to the stream during the period between peak stream flow and low flow, to predict summer low flows across three diverse western US watersheds. We ask (a) how do snow and rain dynamics influence interannual variations of RLGW contributions and summer low flows?; (b) which watershed attributes impact the effectiveness of RLGW as a predictor of summer low flows? Linear models reveal that RLGW is a strong predictor of low flows across all sites and drastically improves low‐flow prediction compared to snow metrics at a rain‐dominated site. Results suggest that strength of RLGW control on summer low flows may be mediated by subsurface storage. Subsurface storage can be divided into dynamic (i.e., variability saturated) and deep (i.e., permanently saturated) components, and we hypothesize that interannual variability in dynamic storage contribution to streamflow drives RLGW variability. In systems with a higher proportion of dynamic storage, RLGW is a better predictor of summer low flow because the stream is more responsive to dynamic storage contributions compared to deep‐storage‐dominated systems. Overall, including RLGW improved low‐flow prediction across diverse watersheds.
Are foundation doctors equipped with the skills necessary for the assessment and referral of a patient presenting with a suspected facial skin malignancy?
Authors: Rehman Umar , Sarwar Mohammad Sohaib , Abualnaja Siraj Yasser , Amy Johanna Freer Frances , Brennan Peter A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
The incidence of skin cancer (SC) has increased in recent years with it being the most common cancer within the UK. The management of SC requires a multidisciplinary approach involving dermatologists and surgical specialities.

Objectives
To assess the confidence of current foundation trainees (FTs) in the assessment of facial SC and referral for surgical management and reconstruction.

Methods
An online survey was distributed via social media and completed by 142 FTs across 13 deaneries. Two higher training respondents were excluded.

Results
We found that 50% (71/142) of trainees had only examined one or two patients with SC and 25.3% (36/142) had no experience in SC assessment. Most FTs were not confident in performing a full skin examination (90.2%, 119/132), formulating differential diagnoses for a pigmented facial lesion (45.3%, 64/141) or investigating a facial SC (87.9%, 124/141). Facial defects requiring reconstruction (87.3%, 124/142) were more likely to be referred to plastic surgery.

Conclusions
FTs were not confident in performing full skin examinations nor formulating diagnoses for pigmented lesions. This is concerning given that the majority of FTs will enter general practice and therefore exposure to SC will be common. This may in turn place greater burden on secondary care services such as dermatology and allied surgical specialities resulting in a greater caseload in an already stretched service in the UK. The integration of the British Association of Dermatology undergraduate syllabus into the medical school curriculum should improve confidence in the detection and management of SC at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.
Association between opioid and dopamine receptor gene polymorphisms OPRM1rs1799971, DAT VNTR9-10 repeat allele, DRD1 rs4532 and DRD2 rs1799732 and alcohol dependence: an ethnicity oriented meta-analysis
Authors: Suresh Navina , Kantipudi Suvarna Jyothi , Ramu Deepika , Muniratnam Suresh Kumar , Venkatesan Vettriselvi 
Published: July 2023

Objective
We carried out a meta-analysis of four opioid and dopamine candidate gene polymorphisms having conflicting results in prior literature, namely OPRM1 rs1799971, DAT VNTR9-10 repeat, DRD1 rs4532 and DRD2 rs1799732, to clarify their association with alcohol dependence and further stratified results by ethnicity to analyze possible ethnicity-mediated effects.

Methods
Inclusion criteria: case-control studies assessing the association between OPRM1 rs1799971, DAT VNTR9/10 repeat allele, DRD1 rs4532 and DRD2 rs1799732 with alcohol dependence, with sufficient data available to calculate the odds ratio (OR) within a 95% confidence interval. Exclusion criteria: studies of quantitative measures of alcohol consumption, response to medications or analyses of other markers in the candidate genes, studies without controls, animal studies and lack of genotyping data. Information sources were PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect databases, all of which were searched for articles published till 2021. Heterogeneity between studies and publication bias, subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were carried out.

Results
A total of 41 published studies were included in the current meta-analysis. For the OPRM1 gene, there was a statistically significant association in the Asian population with a pooled OR of 1.707 (95% CI, 1.32–2.20 P < 0.0001) and 1.618 (95% CI, 1.16–2.26 P = 0.005) in the additive and dominant genetic models. For DAT VNTR 9/10 repeat, a statistically significant association of the risk vs. common allele was observed in AD with a pooled OR of 1.104 (95% CI, 1.00–1.21 P = 0.046) in the allele model and the additive genetic model in the Caucasian population with pooled OR of 1.152 (95% CI, 1.01–1.31 P = 0.034).

Conclusion
Results indicate that some of the effects may be ethnicity-specific.

Other
The meta-analysis has been registered in the CRD PROSPERO (CRD42023411576).
Pressure Injury Prevalence and Risk Factors
Authors: Baykara Zehra Gocmen , Karadag Ayise , Bulut Hulya , Duluklu Burcu , Karabulut Hatice , Aktas Dilek , Celik Sevilay Senol , Guler Sevil , Ay Ali , Gul Senay , Ozturk Deniz , Irmak Burcin , Aydogan Sinan , Cebeci Fatma , Karakaya Derya , Avsar Pinar 
Published: July 2023

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to determine the point prevalence (PP) of general pressure injuries (PIs), hospital-acquired PIs, PI-related risk factors, and PI preventive interventions performed by nurses.

DESIGN:
Descriptive, multicenter, prospective, analytical study.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
The sample comprised 5088 patients cared for in 13 hospitals in 12 geographic regions of Turkey. Data were collected between November 5, 2018, and July 17, 2019.

METHODS:
The study was carried out in 2 stages. First, nurses who collected data were trained in the diagnosis of PI, risk assessment, staging, and prevalence studies, and informed about the purpose and methods of the study, including data collection. Second, nurses and researchers who had received training related to data collection for this study conducted a PP study for PIs in their inpatient clinics using the ASSIST II method. The PI Prevalence Study Tool and the Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Sore Risk were also used during data collection.

RESULTS:
The PP of general PIs was 9.5%; the prevalence of PIs with hospitalization in intensive care units was 43.2%; medical device–related pressure injuries prevalence was 10.7%. We found that 65.1% of the PIs were acquired after hospital admission.

CONCLUSIONS:
Similarities exist between PI prevalence in Turkey and reported PI prevalence rates worldwide. However, the prevalence of nosocomial PIs related to intensive care units and the prevalence of all nosocomial injuries were higher than rates previously reported. Based on results, there is a need to develop strategies to reduce the prevalence of nosocomial PIs.
Priority research needs to inform amphibian conservation in the Anthropocene
Authors: Campbell Grant Evan H. , Amburgey Staci M. , Gratwicke Brian , Acosta‐Chaves Victor , Belasen Anat M. , Bickford David , Brühl Carsten A. , Calatayud Natalie E. , Clemann Nick , Clulow Simon , Crnobrnja‐Isailovic Jelka , Dawson Jeff , De Angelis David A. , Dodd C. Kenneth , Evans Annette , Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Falaschi Mattia , González‐Mollinedo Sergio , Green David M. , Gamlen‐Greene Roseanna , Griffiths Richard A. , Halstead Brian J. , Hassapakis Craig , Heard Geoffrey , Karlsson Catharina , Kirschey Tom , Klocke Blake , Kosch Tiffany A. , Novaes Sophia Kusterko , Linhoff Luke , Maerz John C. , Mosher Brittany A. , O'Donnell Katherine , Ochoa‐Ochoa Leticia M. , Olson Deanna H. , Ovaska Kristiina , Roberts J. Dale , Silla Aimee J. , Stark Tariq , Tarrant Jeanne , Upton R. , Vörös Judit , Muths Erin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe problem of global amphibian declines has prompted extensive research over the last three decades. Initially, the focus was on identifying and characterizing the extent of the problem, but more recently efforts have shifted to evidence‐based research designed to identify best solutions and to improve conservation outcomes. Despite extensive accumulation of knowledge on amphibian declines, there remain knowledge gaps and disconnects between science and action that hamper our ability to advance conservation efforts. Using input from participants at the ninth World Congress of Herpetology, a U.S. Geological Survey Powell Center symposium, amphibian on‐line forums for discussion, the International Union for Conservation of Nature Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Gamete Biobanking group, and respondents to a survey, we developed a list of 25 priority research questions for amphibian conservation at this stage of the Anthropocene. We identified amphibian conservation research priorities while accounting for expected tradeoffs in geographic scope, costs, and the taxonomic breadth of research needs. We aimed to solicit views from individuals rather than organizations while acknowledging inequities in participation. Emerging research priorities (i.e., those under‐represented in recently published amphibian conservation literature) were identified, and included the effects of climate change, community‐level (rather than single species‐level) drivers of declines, methodological improvements for research and monitoring, genomics, and effects of land‐use change. Improved inclusion of under‐represented members of the amphibian conservation community was also identified as a priority. These research needs represent critical knowledge gaps for amphibian conservation although filling these gaps may not be necessary for many conservation actions.