bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“They Don't Look at You as a Real Muslim”: the racial exclusion of black American Muslim converts
Authors: Casey Patrick Michael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere is a growing body of research applying the insights of race theory to the experiences of Muslims in the West, including Muslim converts. Within the U.S. context, much of this research has focused on the experiences of whites, despite the fact that black Americans convert at a much higher rate and make up a considerably larger proportion of the Muslim American population. This study draws attention to the incorporation experiences of black American converts as they work to establish authentic religious identities as legitimate members of a faith community that is comprised mostly of first‐ and second‐generation immigrants. Rather than immigrant incorporation, this study is concerned with the incorporation of an indigenous population into a primarily immigrant one. Findings suggest that many black converts face difficulty being recognized as valued members of their adopted religious communities, and many report experiences of racial prejudice and discrimination.
Differential lipase virulence in Malassezia furfur dimorphism isolated from pityriasis versicolor patients and healthy individuals
Authors: Thammasit Patcharin , Laliam Angkana , Chaicumpar Kunyaluk , Pruksaphon Kritsada , Nosanchuk Joshua D. , Youngchim Sirida 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundMalassezia furfur is a member of the human skin microbiomes that can cause various skin diseases. Dimorphism plays a role as the yeast phase predominates during skin colonisation whereas mycelial forms are observed in the scales of patients with pityriasis versicolor (PV). However, due to their condition‐dependence for growth, it is difficult to culture M. furfur and this is an additional challenge for studying the pathogenicity of this fungus.ObjectiveTo describe different media suitable for culturing Malassezia from the yeast phase into mycelial forms, with a particular focus on nutritional supplements and pH conditions.MethodsClinical M. furfur isolates from patients with PV and healthy individuals were used to investigate Malassezia dimorphism as well as the activity and expression of lipase enzymes.ResultsOur experimental media were significantly more likely to promote mycelial growth in strains from healthy individuals compared to those from patients with PV. Lipase activity was increased in the mycelial phase cells compared to yeast forms for all strains tested. Assessment of the relative transcriptional expression of lipase within M. furfur revealed that LIP‐coding genes were upregulated in mycelium relative to yeast forms for the strains tested. However, the increases in LIP3, LIP5 and LIP6 gene expressions were significantly greater in strains from healthy individuals compared to those from patients with PV.ConclusionOverall, this study validated effective growth conditions to study M. furfur virulence factors and demonstrated that lipase is associated with M. furfur dimorphism.
Evaluation of the effects of different composite materials and surface roughening techniques in bonding attachments of clear aligner on monolithic zirconia
Authors: Arslan Semiha , Kilinc Hamiyet 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate the bond strengths of two different composite types used in the production of clear aligner attachments on monolithic zirconia with three different surface roughening processes.Materials and MethodsPackable composite Filtek Z250 was used in one group (PC‐G) and flowable composite Filtek Supreme Ultra Flowable was used in the other group (FC‐G). PC‐G and FC‐G groups were also divided into three subgroups as diamond bur+silane (Group 1), 50 μm aluminium oxide (Al2O3) sandblasting+silane (Group 2) and 110 μm Al2O3 sandblasting+silane (Group 3). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed. Clear aligner attachments were bonded to the monolithic zirconia specimens. Shear bond strength (SBS) values were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using two‐way ANOVA and post‐hoc Tukey's tests (P < .05).ResultsThe highest SBS value was found in PC‐G sandblasted with 110 μm Al2O3 (P ≤ .001). The etching method with 110 μm sandblasting showed high SBS values in both composite types. The lowest SBS value gave FC‐G in diamond bur roughening (P ≤ .001).ConclusionsFor the bonding of clear aligner attachments on monolithic zirconia, roughening with 110 μm particle size sandblasting and the choice of packable composite could be recommended in terms of retention.
A sustainable, self‐sufficient peer review algorithm for health‐related YouTube videos: A proposal
Authors: Kaval Mehmet Emin , Sarsar Fırat , Buduneli Nurcan , Güneri Pelin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractYouTube has recently become one of the major sources of information in the field of health. Not only healthcare professionals but also laypersons can upload videos to YouTube and this fact creates a significant heterogeneity in the content, viewpoint, and accuracy of the available videos. Particularly, those videos presenting personal experiences and inferences on health problems may not rely on scientific evidence thus create inaccurate information. This commentary aims to propose an algorithm to improve the accuracy and reliability of health‐related YouTube videos.
Obesity and its associated factors in older nursing home residents in three European countries—Secondary data analyses from the “International Prevalence Measurement of Care Quality”
Authors: Großschädl Franziska , Schoberer Daniela , Eglseer Doris , Lohrmann Christa , Everink Irma , Gordon Adam L. , Schols Jos M. G. A. , Bauer Silvia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of obesity has risen in recent decades and reached epidemic proportions worldwide. The proportion of those living with obesity is also increasing in nursing homes. This could impact the nursing care required, equipment and facilities provided, and morbidity in these settings. Limited evidence exists on clinical consequences of obesity in nursing home residents and their care.ObjectiveTherefore, the aim was to examine the rate and associated factors of obesity (BMI ≥30; class I (BMI 30.0–34.9 kg/m2), class II (BMI 35.0–39.9 kg/m2), and class III (BMI >40.0 kg/m2)) amongst older nursing home residents in European countries.MethodsWe analysed data from 21,836 people who reside in nursing homes in Austria, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. They participated in the “International Prevalence Measurement of Care Quality”, a cross sectional study between 2016 and 2019, where trained nurses interviewed the residents, reviewed care records, and conducted clinical examinations. A tested and standardised questionnaire comprised questions on demographic data, measured BMI, medical diagnosis according to ICD‐10, and care dependency. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsObesity rates were highest in Austria (17.1%) and lowest in the UK (13.0%) (p = .006). Residents with obesity were younger and less likely to be care dependent or living with dementia and had more often diabetes mellitus, endocrine, metabolic, and skin diseases compared to residents without obesity (p < .05). Most obese residents had obesity class I. Therefore, two subgroups were built (class I vs. class II + III). Residents with obesity class II + III were more frequently care dependent for mobility, getting dressed and undressed, and personal hygiene compared to residents with class I (p < .05).ConclusionsThis study identified several factors that are associated with obesity amongst older nursing home residents in selected European countries.Implications for practiceThe division into obesity classes is important for planning targeted care according to the individual needs of nursing home residents.
Illuminating the evolution of bioluminescence in sharks
Authors: Ferrón Humberto G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe evolutionary context in which shark bioluminescence originated is poorly understood, despite it being critical to uncovering influential factors in the evolutionary history and diversity of living chondrichthyans as well as the mechanisms of deep‐water colonization by vertebrates. This study provides the first joint reconstruction of the habitats, lifestyles, and occurrence of bioluminescence in the evolution of squalomorph sharks using ancestral state estimation analysis to resolve the timing of deep‐sea colonization, the evolutionary origin of bioluminescence and the ancestral ecologies of this group. The results suggest that most squalomorphs originated in neritic environments from where they colonized deep waters on several independent occasions during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, predating most of the previous estimates of the timing of this event. The colonization of the deep sea took place via the benthic zone, in contrast to the view that an intermediate mesopelagic stage occurred during this ecological transition. Finally, the analyses accounting for uncertainty of the presence of bioluminescence strongly support that this trait evolved only once among sharks in a bathydemersal ancestor. This study reveals that shark bioluminescence evolved in a complex scenario that combines elements of several previous proposals, and enriches our perspective on the sequence of events that characterized the vertebrate conquest of the deep sea.
Usefulness of the perfusion index for monitoring the response to intravenous ketamine infusion therapy in patients with complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: Hong Seung‐Wan , Hwang Min‐Sik , Kim Jae Hun , Kim Minjung , Kim Seong‐Hyop 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study was performed to compare the perfusion index (PI) between affected and unaffected limbs in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS); it also evaluated the usefulness of the PI for monitoring the response to intravenous ketamine infusion therapy in such patients.MethodsIn total, 46 patients with CRPS in one arm or leg were enrolled in this study. The PIs of the unaffected (PIControl) and affected (PICRPS) limbs were simultaneously evaluated before and after treatment.ResultsPICRPS was significantly lower than PIControl at all time points. The change in PI from immediately before to 30 min after intravenous ketamine infusion therapy (TBefore and T30 min, respectively) in the affected limb was significantly correlated with the change in visual analog pain scale (VAS) between the two time points (r = 0.646, p < 0.001). The area under the curve for the changes in VAS and PICRPS between TBefore and T30 min was 0.928. The optimal threshold value for the change in PICRPS between TBefore and T30 min, to distinguish responders with a ≥ 50‐point reduction in VAS score from nonresponders, was 22.60% with a sensitivity of 0.811 (95% CI: 0.774–0.848) and a specificity of 0.889 (95% CI: 0.848–0.930). Thirty‐one patients showed a ≥ 50‐point reduction in VAS score [67% (95% CI: 54%–80%)] and 15 patients showed a < 50‐point reduction in VAS score [33% (95% CI: 20%–46%)]. Thirty patients showed an increased PI ≥ 22.60% [65% (95% CI: 50%–78%)] and 16 patients showed an increased PI < 22.60% [35% (95% CI: 22%–50%)]. Twenty‐seven patients had a ≥ 50‐point reduction in VAS score and an increased PI ≥ 22.60% [59% (95% CI: 44%–74%)]. Eleven patients had shown a < 50‐point pain reduction in VAS score and increased PI < 22.60% [24% (95% CI: 13%–37%)].ConclusionThe PI significantly differed between affected and unaffected limbs in patients with CRPS. The PI may be useful for monitoring the response to intravenous ketamine therapy in patients with CRPS.
Botulinum toxin for refractory Raynaud's phenomenon: A “how to” guide for pediatric patients
Authors: Barry Kelly K. , Reusch Diana B. , Shahriari Neda , Lonowski Sarah , Dedeoglu Fatma , Vleugels Ruth Ann 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRaynaud's phenomenon describes symptoms caused by digital vascular spasm and is classically induced by cold exposure. Severe cases can result in ulceration, necrosis, and digital autoamputation. When standard and adjunctive medical therapies fail or are contraindicated, botulinum toxin A (BTX‐A) is an effective treatment option that can be added to existing regimens and should be considered before utilizing rescue therapies associated with higher risk and often higher cost. This report describes our technique, highlights considerations relevant to pediatric patients, and provides photos and videos of the procedure performed on a 16‐year‐old girl.
Different photoprotective strategies for white leaves between two co‐occurring Actinidia species
Authors: Chen Li , Wen De‐Quan , Shi Guang‐Li , Sun Dan , Yin Yan , Yu Miao , An Wen‐Qi , Tang Qian , Ai Jun , Han Li‐Jun , Yan Chao‐Bin , Sun Yuan‐Jing , Wang Yun‐Peng , Wang Zhen‐Xing , Fan Da‐Yong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAt the outer canopy, the white leaves of Actinidia kolomikta can turn pink but they stay white in A. polygama. We hypothesized that the different leaf colors in the two Actinidia species may represent different photoprotection strategies. To test the hypothesis, leaf optical spectra, anatomy, chlorophyll a fluorescence, superoxide (O2˙−) concentration, photosystem II photo‐susceptibility, and expression of anthocyanin‐related genes were investigated. On the adaxial side, light reflectance was the highest for white leaves of A. kolomikta, followed by its pink leaves and white leaves of A. polygama, and the absorptance for white leaves of A. kolomikta was the lowest. Chlorophyll and carotenoid content of white and pink leaves in A. kolomikta were significantly lower than those of A. polygama, while the relative anthocyanin content of pink leaves was the highest. Chloroplasts of palisade cells of white leaves in A. kolomikta were not well developed with a lower maximum quantum efficiency of PSII than the other types of leaves (pink leaves of A. kolomikta and white leaves of A. Polygama at the inner/outer canopy). After high light treatment from the abaxial surface, Fv/Fm decreased to a larger extent for white leaves of A. kolomikta than pink leaf and white leaves of A. polygama, and its non‐photochemical quenching was also the lowest. White leaves of A. kolomikta showed higher O2˙− concentration compared to pink leaves under the same strong irradiance. The expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in pink leaves were higher than in white leaves. These results indicate that white leaves of A. kolomikta apply a reflection strategy for photoprotection, while pink leaves resist photoinhibition via anthocyanin accumulation.
Risk of HLA antibody generation after receipt of Mirasol versus standard platelets in the MIPLATE randomized trial
Authors: Kaidarova Zhanna , Di Germanio Clara , Custer Brian , Norris Philip J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA) alloimmunization can occur after platelet transfusion. These antibodies can complicate future platelet transfusions or organ transplantation. Animal data suggest that Mirasol pathogen reduction treatment (PRT) can prevent alloimmunization after transfusion.Study Design and MethodsThe MIPLATE trial enrolled 330 of a planned 660 participants with hematological malignancies at risk for grade 2 or greater bleeding. The study was halted early for futility after a planned interim analysis. Participants were randomized to receive PRT versus standard control platelets. Serum samples were collected from participants at baseline (pretransfusion), weekly for the first 4 weeks, then at days 42 and 56. HLA antibody levels were determined using a commercial multianalyte bead‐based assay. HLA antibody levels were analyzed using low, medium, and high cutoffs based on prior studies.ResultsThe rate of alloimmunization was low in both arms of the study, particularly at the high HLA antibody cutoff (total of 6 of 277 subjects at risk, or 2.2%). The risk of alloimmunization did not differ between study arms, nor did the risk of immune refractoriness to platelet transfusion.ConclusionsThe data do not support the conclusion that Mirasol exerted a protective effect against alloimmunization after platelet transfusion in the MIPLATE trial.
Nocardia and Streptomyces keratitis in dogs: In vivo detection of filamentous bacteria by confocal microscopy
Authors: Ledbetter Eric C. , Schlesener Brittany N. , Demeter Elena A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical features of dogs with Nocardia and Streptomyces keratitis, including the results of in vivo confocal microscopy examinations.Animal studiedA 15‐year‐old, male‐castrated, miniature Schnauzer was presented with a multilobulated, cystic, pink, ulcerated corneal mass with surrounding dense leukocyte infiltrates. Cytologic evaluation of a corneal scraping identified pyogranulomatous inflammation and filamentous bacteria. Nocardia nova was cultured from corneal samples. Anterior lamellar keratectomy was performed to excise the affected corneal region and histopathologic evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of pyogranulomatous keratitis. A 10‐year‐old, male‐castrated, Yorkshire terrier was presented for evaluation of a chronic anterior stromal corneal ulcer associated with a brown corneal plaque. Cytologic evaluation of a corneal scraping identified suppurative inflammation and filamentous bacteria. A Streptomyces sp. was cultured from corneal samples. The keratitis in both dogs resolved with therapy.ProceduresIn vivo confocal microscopy examination of the corneal lesions in both dogs revealed dense accumulations of leukocytes and clusters of hyperreflective, slender, branching bacterial structures that were approximately 1.5–2.0 μm in diameter and 25–50 μm in length. Confocal microscopy imaging of the Nocardia isolate in vitro, and ex vivo canine corneas experimentally infected with the bacteria, was performed to corroborate the in vivo findings. The morphology of the filamentous bacteria was similar between the in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo confocal microscopy examinations.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceNocardia and Streptomyces spp. can be associated with infectious keratitis in dogs. In vivo detection of filamentous bacteria in the cornea can be accomplished by confocal microscopy.
Long‐term evaluation of the effects of vitreous degeneration on cataracts and retinal detachment in dogs
Authors: Jeon Byung‐Ju , Lee Suk‐Jun , Kim Kyu‐Lee , Huh Eun‐A , Kim Joon‐Young 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to track and evaluate the association between vitreous degeneration and the development of cataracts or retinal detachments in dogs over a long period.Animal StudiedData on vitreous degeneration, cataracts, and retinal detachment in 102 eyes were collected from 68 dogs who underwent ocular ultrasonography at least twice between March 2017 and November 2021 at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Konkuk University. The mean follow‐up time was 515 ± 256 (mean ± standard deviation; range: 81–1196) days.ProcedureDevelopment of cataracts and retinal detachment, according to the severity of vitreous degeneration grade (VDG), was evaluated during long‐term follow‐up.ResultsIn the cataract study (87 eyes, 61 dogs), the number of cataracts developed according to VDG (grade: 0–3) were as follows: VDG 0: 1 in 10 (10%) eyes, VDG 1: 15 in 35 (43%) eyes, VDG 2: 15 in 30 (50%) eyes, and VDG 3: 10 in 12 (83%) eyes. It was significantly different among grades (p = .026). In the retinal detachment study (95 eyes, 64 dogs), the number of retinal detachments developed according to each VDG were as follows: VDG 0: 0 in 11 (0%) eyes, VDG 1: 1 in 36 (3%) eyes, VDG 2: 5 in 35 (14%) eyes, and VDG 3: 4 in 13 (30%) eyes. It was also significantly different among grades (p = .019).ConclusionsDuring long‐term follow‐up, dogs with severe vitreous degeneration had an increased risk of cataract and retinal detachment development than those without or with mild vitreous degeneration.
On the connection between Hopf–Galois structures and skew braces
Authors: Stefanello Lorenzo , Trappeniers Senne 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe present a different version of the well‐known connection between Hopf–Galois structures and skew braces, building on a recent paper of A. Koch and P. J. Truman. We show that the known results that involve this connection easily carry over to this new perspective, and that new ones naturally appear. As an application, we present new insights on the study of the surjectivity of the Hopf–Galois correspondence, explaining in more detail the role of bi‐skew braces in Hopf–Galois theory.
Association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Lin Cheng-Chieh , Li Chia-Ing , Liu Chiu-Shong , Liao Li-Na , Yang Chuan-Wei , Lin Chih-Hsueh , Yang Shing-Yu , Li Tsai-Chung 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionObservational studies support the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) level and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with diabetes. The research question regarding whether the relationship between serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level and DN is causal lacks experimental evidence. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the causality between hsCRP and DN based on Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.Research design and methodsA total of 2332 participants with type 2 diabetes from the Taiwan Biobank database was analyzed. Genetic risk scores (GRSs), which comprise four validated CRP loci as two instrumental variables, were calculated as unweighted and weighted scores to evaluate the causal relationship of hsCRP with DN risk. The two-stage regression model was used to estimate OR and 95% CI.ResultsThe analyses of the observational study showed that the hsCRP level was significantly associated with DN after multivariate adjustment (adjusted OR 1.15; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.32). Unweighted/weighted GRSs for log-transformed hsCRP satisfied MR assumptions 1 and 3, respectively; that is, a significant association with hsCRP was observed but that with DN was absent (adjusted OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.09; 1.00, 0.72 to 1.39, respectively). The MR analyses demonstrated that a 1-unit increase in the log-transformed genetically predicted hsCRP by unweighted and weighted GRSs was associated with DN, demonstrating ORs of 1.80 (95% CI 1.51 to 2.14) and 1.67 (95% CI 1.40 to 1.98), respectively.ConclusionsThe current study provided experimental evidence that hsCRP level was causally related to DN. These findings suggest that the elevated hsCRP may be a causal risk factor for DN in patients with type 2 diabetes.