bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspirin for Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in 51 Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries
Authors: Yoo Sang Gune K. , Chung Grace S. , Bahendeka Silver K. , Sibai Abla M. , Damasceno Albertino , Farzadfar Farshad , Rohloff Peter , Houehanou Corine , Norov Bolormaa , Karki Khem B. , Azangou-Khyavy Mohammadreza , Marcus Maja E. , Aryal Krishna K. , Brant Luisa C. C. , Theilmann Michaela , Cífková Renata , Lunet Nuno , Gurung Mongal S. , Mwangi Joseph Kibachio , Martins Joao , Haghshenas Rosa , Sturua Lela , Vollmer Sebastian , Bärnighausen Till , Atun Rifat , Sussman Jeremy B. , Singh Kavita , Saeedi Moghaddam Sahar , Guwatudde David , Geldsetzer Pascal , Manne-Goehler Jennifer , Huffman Mark D. , Davies Justine I. , Flood David 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceAspirin is an effective and low-cost option for reducing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and improving mortality rates among individuals with established CVD. To guide efforts to mitigate the global CVD burden, there is a need to understand current levels of aspirin use for secondary prevention of CVD.ObjectiveTo report and evaluate aspirin use for secondary prevention of CVD across low-, middle-, and high-income countries.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross-sectional analysis using pooled, individual participant data from nationally representative health surveys conducted between 2013 and 2020 in 51 low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Included surveys contained data on self-reported history of CVD and aspirin use. The sample of participants included nonpregnant adults aged 40 to 69 years.ExposuresCountries’ per capita income levels and world region; individuals’ socioeconomic demographics.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSelf-reported use of aspirin for secondary prevention of CVD.ResultsThe overall pooled sample included 124 505 individuals. The median age was 52 (IQR, 45-59) years, and 50.5% (95% CI, 49.9%-51.1%) were women. A total of 10 589 individuals had a self-reported history of CVD (8.2% [95% CI, 7.7%-8.6%]). Among individuals with a history of CVD, aspirin use for secondary prevention in the overall pooled sample was 40.3% (95% CI, 37.6%-43.0%). By income group, estimates were 16.6% (95% CI, 12.4%-21.9%) in low-income countries, 24.5% (95% CI, 20.8%-28.6%) in lower-middle-income countries, 51.1% (95% CI, 48.2%-54.0%) in upper-middle-income countries, and 65.0% (95% CI, 59.1%-70.4%) in high-income countries.Conclusion and RelevanceWorldwide, aspirin is underused in secondary prevention, particularly in low-income countries. National health policies and health systems must develop, implement, and evaluate strategies to promote aspirin therapy.
Effect of a Mediterranean Diet or Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction During Pregnancy on Child Neurodevelopment
Authors: Crovetto Francesca , Nakaki Ayako , Arranz Angela , Borras Roger , Vellvé Kilian , Paules Cristina , Boutet Maria Laura , Castro-Barquero Sara , Freitas Tania , Casas Rosa , Martín-Asuero Andrés , Oller Guzmán Teresa , Morilla Ivette , Martínez-Àran Anabel , Camacho Alba , Pasqual Mireia , Izquierdo Renau Montserrat , Pozo Óscar J. , Gomez-Gomez Alex , Estruch Ramon , Vieta Eduard , Crispi Fàtima , Gratacós Eduard 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceMaternal suboptimal nutrition and high stress levels are associated with adverse fetal and childhood neurodevelopment.ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that structured interventions based on a Mediterranean diet or mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) during pregnancy improve child neurodevelopment at age 2 years.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a prespecified analysis of the parallel-group Improving Mothers for a Better Prenatal Care Trial Barcelona (IMPACT BCN) randomized clinical trial, which was conducted at a university hospital in Barcelona, Spain, from February 2017 to March 2020. A total of 1221 singleton pregnancies (19 to 23 weeks’ gestation) with high risk of delivering newborns who were small for gestational age were randomly allocated into 3 groups: a Mediterranean diet intervention, an MBSR program, or usual care. A postnatal evaluation with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition (Bayley-III), was performed. Data were analyzed from July to November 2022.InterventionsParticipants in the Mediterranean diet group received monthly individual and group educational sessions and free provision of extra virgin olive oil and walnuts. Those in the stress reduction group underwent an 8-week MBSR program adapted for pregnancy. Individuals in the usual care group received pregnancy care per institutional protocols.Main Outcomes and MeasuresNeurodevelopment in children was assessed by Bayley-III at 24 months of corrected postnatal age.ResultsA total of 626 children (293 [46.8%] female and 333 [53.2%] male) participated at a mean (SD) age of 24.8 (2.9) months. No differences were observed in the baseline characteristics between intervention groups. Compared with children from the usual care group, children in the Mediterranean diet group had higher scores in the cognitive domain (β, 5.02; 95% CI, 1.52-8.53; P = .005) and social-emotional domain (β, 5.15; 95% CI, 1.18-9.12; P = .01), whereas children from the stress reduction group had higher scores in the social-emotional domain (β, 4.75; 95% CI, 0.54-8.85; P = .02).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this prespecified analysis of a randomized clinical trial, maternal structured lifestyle interventions during pregnancy based on a Mediterranean diet or MBSR significantly improved child neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 2 years.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03166332
Direct and indirect effects of food, fear and management on crop damage by ungulates
Authors: Widén Anna , Cromsigt Joris P. G. M. , Dressel Sabrina , Felton Annika M. , Singh Navinder J. , Widemo Fredrik 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Foraging on crops by wild ungulates may create human–wildlife conflicts through reducing crop production. Ungulates interact with and within complex socio‐ecological systems, making the reduction of crop damage a challenging task. Aside from ungulate densities, crop damage is influenced by different drivers affecting ungulate foraging behaviour: food availability and food quality in the landscape (i.e. the foodscape) as well as fear from hunting and scaring actions (i.e. the landscape of fear) may together affect the degree of damage via both direct and indirect effects. A better understanding of the individual effects of these potential drivers behind crop damage is needed, as is an appreciation of whether the effects are dependent on ungulate density.

We investigated this by applying path analysis to test indirect and direct links between ungulate density, foodscape, landscape of fear and human management goals on crop damage of oats and grass, respectively.

Our results suggest that crop type is the major driver behind crop damage, with more damage to oats than to leys, implying that human decisions (i.e. changing crop type) influence the level of crop damage.

We found that management goals and actions influenced the foodscape and the landscape of fear, by affecting the amount of forage produced in the agricultural landscape and the amount of scaring actions. Additionally, we found that supplementary feeding influenced the local ungulate densities in the area.

Our results highlight the importance of including human actions on multiple levels when assessing drivers behind damage by ungulates in managed landscapes. We suggest that more studies using path analysis on multiple scales are needed in order to tackle complex issues, such as crop damage and other human–wildlife conflicts.
Research on adaptive dispatching of power system considering reserve energy storage and cost
Authors: Wang Wenzhuo , Wang Zhiwei , Liu Xin , Li Wujing , Li Qiufang , Zhang Yagang , Chen Qianchang , Guo Shuyu , Xu Zhi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe power system (PS) has the problem of grid connection of energy storage (ES) system. When the ES of the communication base station (BS) is associated with the power grid, relevant control strategies are formulated to schedule the base station energy storage (BSES). The total cost required during the scheduling period is determined using the lease income model. In the dispatching process, the BSES is applied to the peak load shifting (PLS) dispatching and economic dispatching of the PS. It is optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and improved bare bone particle swarm optimization (BBPSO) algorithm. The constructed rental income model is used to calculate the total cost required during the scheduling period. In the dispatching, the BSES is applied to the PLS dispatching and economic dispatching of the PS. This model is optimized by PSO algorithm and improved BBPSO algorithm. The findings indicate that the BSES has good PLS capability. The larger the BS is, the more obvious the charging and discharging situation is. When the time is 4 h, the output load of 150,000 BSES is 486.67 MW, 341.14 MW more than that of 100,000 BSs. The discharge depth affects the lease cost, and the best discharge depth is 0.4. At this discharge depth, the larger the BS scale is, the greater the costs. In improving the performance of BBPSO algorithm, the model has the minimum convergence iteration of 15, with the best convergence effect. In the economic dispatching of PS, the total cost of accessing 200,000 BSs to store energy is 846.4658 million per year, which saves 367.4591 million. The suggested approach can effectively lower PS costs and increase stability.
3D Printing‐Directed Synergistic Design of High‐Performance Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors and Nanogenerators for All‐In‐One Self‐Powered Energy Wristband
Authors: Tian Xiaocong , Zhao Simiao , Gao Yuanyuan , Li Haojie , Cao Wenyu , Xu Bingang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdvanced wearable self‐powered energy systems that simultaneously achieve energy harvesting and energy storage offer exciting opportunities for flexible electronics, information communication, and even intelligent environmental monitoring. However, building and integrating synergistic energy storage from energy harvester unit into a single power source is highly challenging. Herein, a unique 3D printing‐directed synergistic design of high‐performance zinc‐ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is proposed for the all‐in‐one self‐powered wearable energy wristband. With advanced ink design, high‐performance flexible ZIHCs are built up as the excellent energy storage unit with remarkable electrochemical behaviors and synergistic matching from TENGs. An exceptional device capacitance of 239.0 mF cm−2, moderate potential window, high‐rate capability, robust cycling stability, and excellent flexibility are achieved. Intrinsic charge storage process is also revealed, further demonstrating the outstanding electrochemical stability of the in‐plane flexible ZIHCs. Moreover, using 3D printing‐directed synergistic design, an advanced all‐in‐one self‐powered energy wristband is developed, where an efficient harvesting of body vibration/movement energy and a reliable storage of harvested energy are simultaneously realized, representing a substantial step toward future practical applications in portable and wearable electronics.
Stretchable High‐Resolution User‐Interactive Synesthesia Displays for Visual–Acoustic Encryption
Authors: Yoo Jisu , Ha Subin , Lee Gwang Heon , Kim Yaewon , Choi Moon Kee 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMultifunctional displays, which have various functions in single‐device systems without external circuits, are actively investigated as future human–machine interfaces owing to performability of unprecedented functions in compact design. However, their application is limited to visualize the mechanical/electrical signals in light. Herein, stretchable high‐resolution multicolor synesthesia display, which can generate synchronized sound and light as input/output sources, is presented by transfer‐printing. Transfer‐printed emissive composite leads to display with enhanced optical performance and fine sound pressure level. Owing to inherent stretchability of the device, the synesthesia display can stably operate under static and dynamic deformation without distortion in sound relative to the input waveform. User‐interactive synesthesia displays are demonstrated for visual−acoustic encryption, which facilitate advanced encryption, as well as multiplex quick response code that bridges multiple domains with a single device. This approach provides new directions for multifunctional displays, with potential applications in reinforced authentication.
Boosting STE and Nd3+ NIR Luminescence in Cs2AgInCl6 Double Perovskite via Na+/Bi3+‐Induced Local Structure Engineering
Authors: Jin Shilin , Yuan He , Pang Tao , Zhang Manjia , He Youwu , Zhuang Bin , Wu Tianmin , Zheng Yuanhui , Chen Daqin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCurrently, lanthanide (Ln3+) doped Pb‐free double perovskites (DPs) suffer from competitive emissions of the self‐trapped exciton (STE) and Ln3+. Herein, a new type of Nd3+‐doped Cs2AgInCl6 DPs with Na+/Bi3+ co‐alloying is developed. Benefiting from Na+/Bi3+‐induced local structural modification, both STE broadband visible luminescence and Nd3+ near‐infrared (NIR) emissions are boosted via free exciton sensitization. Specifically, a total 648‐fold enhancement in emitting intensities compared to the Na+/Bi3+‐free counterpart is realized, with a significantly improved NIR photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) from 0.16% to 30.3%. First‐principles density functional theory calculations, Raman spectra, and steady/transient‐state PL spectra verify the modification of local site symmetry, breakdown of parity‐forbidden absorption, and reduction of electron‐phonon coupling via Na+/Bi3+ doping. Finally, a compact vis–NIR broadband light‐emitting diode (LED) is designed by coupling the Na/Bi/Nd: Cs2AgInCl6 DP with a commercial ultraviolet LED chip, which shows promising applications in spectroscopic analyses and multifunctional lighting.
NIR‐II Photothermal Activation of TRPV1 Channels for Intracellular Magnesium Regulation by Porous Pd@Pt Core–Shell Nanostructure to Reverse Tumor Multidrug Resistance
Authors: Shao Xinyue , Qu Chang , Song Guoqiang , Wang Binghao , Tao Qingyun , Jia Ran , Li Junwei , Wang Jinping , An Hailong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMultidrug resistance (MDR) caused by overexpressed P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) in cell membrane is the main barrier for clinical tumor chemotherapy. P‐gp can pump the chemical drugs out of tumor cells depending on ATP‐provided energy. Herein, a photothermal‐driven intracellular magnesium ion (Mg2+) regulation strategy is proposed to reverse drug resistance through constructing Mg2+‐ and doxorubicin (DOX, as model drug)‐loaded bimetallic Pd@Pt nanostructure (DPd@PtM). Although DPd@PtM can deliver Mg2+ into tumor cells through endocytosis, large amount of Mg2+ releases outside cells. To this end, the photothermal effect of Pd@Pt nanostructure in the second near‐infrared region is expected to activate the thermosensitive transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) channel for extracellular released Mg2+ influx. Intercellular Mg2+ accumulation suppresses tricarboxylic acid cycle to block intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production (cutoff energy supply for P‐gp) and reduce O2 consumption (downregulate P‐gp expression), then inhibiting P‐gp‐mediated tumor MDR. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that DPd@PtM can open TRPV1 channel to elevate Mg2+ level and then inhibit the P‐gp activity to enhance intracellular DOX concentration for chemotherapy. It is believed that this photothermal‐mediated tumor Mg2+ regulation therapy based on reversing MDR is a promising strategy to kill cancer cells.
Flash‐Thermal Shock Synthesis of High‐Entropy Alloys Toward High‐Performance Water Splitting
Authors: Cha Jun‐Hwe , Cho Su‐Ho , Kim Dong‐Ha , Jeon Dogyeong , Park Seohak , Jung Ji‐Won , Kim Il‐Doo , Choi Sung‐Yool 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHigh‐entropy alloys (HEAs) provide unprecedented physicochemical properties over unary nanoparticles (NPs). According to the conventional alloying guideline (Hume–Rothery rule), however, only size‐and‐structure similar elements can be mixed, limiting the possible combinations of alloying elements. Recently, it has been reported that based on carbon thermal shocks (CTS) in a vacuum atmosphere at high temperature, ultrafast heating/cooling rates and high‐entropy environment play a critical role in the synthesis of HEAs, ruling out the possibility of phase separation. Since the CTS requires conducting supports, the Joule‐heating efficiencies rely on the carbon qualities, featuring difficulties in uniform heating along the large area. This work proposes a photo‐thermal approach as an alternative and innovative synthetic method that is compatible with ambient air, large‐area, remote process, and free of materials selection. Single flash irradiation on carbon nanofibers induced momentary high‐temperature annealing (>1800 °C within 20 ms duration, and ramping/cooling rates >104 K s−1) to successfully decorate HEA NPs up to nine elements with excellent compatibility for large‐scale synthesis (6.0 × 6.0 cm2 of carbon nanofiber paper). To demonstrate their feasibility toward applications, senary HEA NPs (PtIrFeNiCoCe) are designed and screened, showing high activity (ηoverall = 777 mV) and excellent stability (>5000 cycles) at the water splitting, including hydrogen evolution reactions and oxygen evolution reactions.
Decoupling Activation and Transport by Electron‐Regulated Atomic‐Bi Harnessed Surface‐to‐Pore Interface for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Zhang Xiangyang , Valencia Agnes , Li Weilu , Ao Kelong , Shi Jihong , Yue Xian , Zhang Ruiqin , Daoud Walid A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) promises a route to low‐cost and grid‐scale electricity storage using renewable energy resources. However, the interplay of mass transport and activation processes of high‐loading catalysts makes it challenging to drive high‐performance density VRFB. Herein, a surface‐to‐pore interface design that unlocks the potential of atomic‐Bi‐exposed catalytic surface via decoupling activation and transport is reported. The functional interface accommodates electron‐regulated atomic‐Bi catalyst in an asymmetric Bi─O─Mn structure that expedites the V3+/V2+ conversion, and a mesoporous Mn3O4 sub‐scaffold for rapid shuttling of redox‐active species, whereby the site accessibility is maximized, contrary to conventional transport‐limited catalysts. By in situ grafting this interface onto micron‐porous carbon felt (Bi1‐sMn3O4‐CF), a high‐performance flow battery is achieved, yielding a record high energy efficiency of 76.72% even at a high current density of 400 mA cm−2 and a peak power density of 1.503 W cm−2, outdoing the battery with sMn3O4‐CF (62.60%, 0.978 W cm−2) without Bi catalyst. Moreover, this battery renders extraordinary durability of over 1500 cycles, bespeaking a crucial breakthrough toward sustainable redox flow batteries (RFBs).
Biomimetic Flexible High‐Sensitivity Near‐Infrared II Organic Photodetector for Photon Detection and Imaging
Authors: Xia Yingjun , Geng Chen , Bi Xingqi , Li Mingpeng , Zhu Yu , Yao Zhaoyang , Wan Xiangjian , Li Guanghui , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe flexible near‐infrared (NIR) organic photodetector is an essential prerequisite for the next‐generation visual system for accurate information identification. However, prevailing limitations in NIR organic photodetectors, including high noise, weak responsivity, and low detectivity, directly impede the translation to practical applications. Herein, ultranarrow bandgap acceptors, featuring a 2D highly electron‐donating central core (DTPC), named as YZ and YZ1, are designed and synthesized for NIR organic photodetectors. It is found that the introduction of highly rigid DTPC effectively reduces energetic disorder in active films. Moreover, extending the end conjugation not only broadens the absorption spectrum but also diminishes trap states and improves charge transport. Consequently, the YZ1‐based organic photodetector exhibits an impressive detection range from 300 to 1050 nm with a high responsivity of 0.27 A W−1 at 1000 nm and specific detectivity of 9.24 × 1013 Jones, comparable to commercial silicon photodiodes. Inspired by biological eyes, large‐area parallelly independent photodetector arrays (2000 pixels) for an artificial vision system are fabricated, which enables a clear matter identification in the NIR region. These findings and results simultaneously provide critical insights into molecular design and bridge the gap between material science and device engineering, accelerating the application of NIR organic photodetectors in next‐generation wearable optoelectronics.
Health Monitoring via Heart, Breath, and Korotkoff Sounds by Wearable Piezoelectret Patches
Authors: Han Liuyang , Liang Weijin , Xie Qisen , Zhao JingJing , Dong Ying , Wang Xiaohao , Lin Liwei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractReal‐time monitoring of vital sounds from cardiovascular and respiratory systems via wearable devices together with modern data analysis schemes have the potential to reveal a variety of health conditions. Here, a flexible piezoelectret sensing system is developed to examine audio physiological signals in an unobtrusive manner, including heart, Korotkoff, and breath sounds. A customized electromagnetic shielding structure is designed for precision and high‐fidelity measurements and several unique physiological sound patterns related to clinical applications are collected and analyzed. At the left chest location for the heart sounds, the S1 and S2 segments related to cardiac systole and diastole conditions, respectively, are successfully extracted and analyzed with good consistency from those of a commercial medical device. At the upper arm location, recorded Korotkoff sounds are used to characterize the systolic and diastolic blood pressure without a doctor or prior calibration. An Omron blood pressure monitor is used to validate these results. The breath sound detections from the lung/ trachea region are achieved a signal‐to‐noise ration comparable to those of a medical recorder, BIOPAC, with pattern classification capabilities for the diagnosis of viable respiratory diseases. Finally, a 6×6 sensor array is used to record heart sounds at different locations of the chest area simultaneously, including the Aortic, Pulmonic, Erb's point, Tricuspid, and Mitral regions in the form of mixed data resulting from the physiological activities of four heart valves. These signals are then separated by the independent component analysis algorithm and individual heart sound components from specific heart valves can reveal their instantaneous behaviors for the accurate diagnosis of heart diseases. The combination of these demonstrations illustrate a new class of wearable healthcare detection system for potentially advanced diagnostic schemes.