bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation using macroalgae: a state of knowledge review
Authors: Pessarrodona Albert , Franco‐Santos Rita M. , Wright Luka Seamus , Vanderklift Mathew A. , Howard Jennifer , Pidgeon Emily , Wernberg Thomas , Filbee‐Dexter Karen 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTThe conservation, restoration, and improved management of terrestrial forests significantly contributes to mitigate climate change and its impacts, as well as providing numerous co‐benefits. The pressing need to reduce emissions and increase carbon removal from the atmosphere is now also leading to the development of natural climate solutions in the ocean. Interest in the carbon sequestration potential of underwater macroalgal forests is growing rapidly among policy, conservation, and corporate sectors. Yet, our understanding of whether carbon sequestration from macroalgal forests can lead to tangible climate change mitigation remains severely limited, hampering their inclusion in international policy or carbon finance frameworks. Here, we examine the results of over 180 publications to synthesise evidence regarding macroalgal forest carbon sequestration potential. We show that research efforts on macroalgae carbon sequestration are heavily skewed towards particulate organic carbon (POC) pathways (77% of data publications), and that carbon fixation is the most studied flux (55%). Fluxes leading directly to carbon sequestration (e.g. carbon export or burial in marine sediments) remain poorly resolved, likely hindering regional or country‐level assessments of carbon sequestration potential, which are only available from 17 of the 150 countries where macroalgal forests occur. To solve this issue, we present a framework to categorize coastlines according to their carbon sequestration potential. Finally, we review the multiple avenues through which this sequestration can translate into climate change mitigation capacity, which largely depends on whether management interventions can increase carbon removal above a natural baseline or avoid further carbon emissions. We find that conservation, restoration and afforestation interventions on macroalgal forests can potentially lead to carbon removal in the order of 10's of Tg C globally. Although this is lower than current estimates of natural sequestration value of all macroalgal habitats (61–268 Tg C year−1), it suggests that macroalgal forests could add to the total mitigation potential of coastal blue carbon ecosystems, and offer valuable mitigation opportunities in polar and temperate areas where blue carbon mitigation is currently low. Operationalizing that potential will necessitate the development of models that reliably estimate the proportion of production sequestered, improvements in macroalgae carbon fingerprinting techniques, and a rethinking of carbon accounting methodologies. The ocean provides major opportunities to mitigate and adapt to climate change, and the largest coastal vegetated habitat on Earth should not be ignored simply because it does not fit into existing frameworks.
COVID‐19 Vaccine Seroresponse Based on The Timing of The Primary Series; Pre‐ versus Post‐Renal Transplantation
Authors: Weinberg Amy R. , Caeg Calvin O. , DePalma Robyn , Hernandez Frances , Rogers Jackson H. , Ibrahim Hassan N. , Bynon Steve J. , Nigo Masayuki 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) poses a serious risk to patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal transplant. While COVID‐19 vaccination is recommended before transplant, there are limited data comparing vaccine timing. Our aim is to evaluate serological responses to COVID‐19 vaccines pre‐ and post‐renal transplant and the durability of antibody levels.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the antibody response of adult renal transplant recipients who had received at least a primary series of the COVID‐19 vaccine. The patients were divided into two groups based on the timing; pre‐ or post‐transplant. Antibody titer levels were evaluated at least 4 weeks after vaccination for each group. Titer durability was assessed by calculating the median titer level of individuals.ResultsA total of 139 patients were identified between January 2019 and April 2022. Twenty‐nine patients were excluded because of previous COVID‐19 infection, and 15 patients were excluded each for insufficient vaccine doses and lack of titer data. Forty patients were included for the pre‐transplant group and 40 for post‐transplant. The number of pre‐transplant patients who developed antibodies (39 patients, 97.5%) was significantly greater than the number of post‐transplant patients (21 patients, 52.5%) with p < .01. The median post‐vaccination titer levels were significantly greater in the pre‐transplant group up to 5 months after vaccination (p < .05). The pre‐transplant group's titers seemed sustained even after renal transplantation.ConclusionVaccinating renal transplant patients before transplant results in increased achievement of seroresponse, higher levels of antibody titers, and sustained titers following transplant. Larger and prospective studies are warranted to confirm the findings.
1062. Corydalis mucronata Franch.: Papaveraceae
Authors: Rix Martyn , King Christabel 
Published: July 2023

SummaryCorydalis mucronata Franch., illustrated here, is among several Corydalis collected by Père Armand David in Moupine (now Baoxing) in western Sichuan. It can be a conspicuous plant, forming large populations on shady, wet slopes. Though introduced to England over 20 years ago, it is still rare in gardens. Suggestions for its successful cultivation are given.
Individual differences in response to alcohol and nicotine in zebrafish: Gene expression and behavior
Authors: Araujo‐Silva Heloysa , de Souza Augusto Monteiro , Mamede João Paulo Medeiros , de Medeiros Silvia Regina Batistuzzo , Luchiari Ana Carolina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlcohol and nicotine are psychoactive substances responsible for serious health consequences. Although the biological mechanisms of alcohol and nicotine have been studied extensively, individual differences in the response to these drugs have received little attention. Here we evaluated gene expression and behavior of bold and shy individuals after acute exposure to alcohol and nicotine. For this, zebrafish were classified as bold and shy individuals based on emergence tests, and then fish were exposed to 0.00, 0.10, and 0.50% alcohol or 0.00, 1.00, and 5.00 mg/L nicotine and their anxiety‐like and locomotor behavior was observed. After behavioral assessment, brain mRNA expression (ache,bdnf, gaba1,gad1b,th1, andtph1) was evaluated. Locomotion patterns differed between profiles depending on alcohol and nicotine concentration. Anxiety increased in shy fish and decreased in bold fish after exposure to both drugs. Alcohol exposure induced an increase intph1mRNA expression in bold fish, whilebdnfmRNA expression was increased in shy fish. Nicotine increasedache,bdnf, andtph1mRNA levels in both profiles, but at higher levels in bold fish. Based on our research, we found that alcohol induces anxiogenic effects in both bold and shy zebrafish. Additionally, shy individuals exposed to a low concentration of nicotine exhibited stronger anxiety‐like responses than their bold counterparts. These findings further support the validity of using zebrafish as a dependable tool for studying the effects of drugs and uncovering the underlying mechanisms associated with individual variations.
Effects of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors by background cardiovascular medications: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Avgerinos Ioannis , Karagiannis Thomas , Matthews David R. , Tsapas Apostolos , Bekiari Eleni 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo explore whether the beneficial cardiovascular (CV) effect of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT‐2) inhibitors is consistent with or without concurrent use of CV medications in patients with type 2 diabetes, heart failure (HF) or chronic kidney disease.MethodsWe searched Medline and Embase up to September 2022 for CV outcomes trials. The primary endpoint was the composite of cardiovascular (CV) death or hospitalization for HF. Secondary outcomes included the individual components of CV death, hospitalization for HF, death from any cause, major adverse CV events or renal events, volume depletion and hyperkalaemia. We pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and risk ratios alongside 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsWe included 12 trials comprising 83 804 patients. SGLT‐2 inhibitors reduced the risk of CV death or hospitalization for HF regardless of background use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEIs/ARBs), angiotensin receptor‐neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs), b‐blockers, diuretics, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), or triple combination therapy of either an ACEI/ARB plus b‐blocker plus MRA, or an ARNI plus b‐blocker plus MRA (HRs ranged from 0.61 to 0.83; P > .1 for each subgroup interaction). Similarly, no subgroup differences were evident for most analyses for the secondary outcomes of CV death, hospitalization for HF, all‐cause mortality, major adverse CV or renal events, hyperkalaemia and volume depletion rate.ConclusionsThe benefit of SGLT‐2 inhibitors seems to be additive to background use of CV medications in a broad population of patients. These findings should be interpreted as hypothesis generating because most of the subgroups analysed were not prespecified.
Cysteine‐lowering treatment with mesna against obesity: Proof of concept and results from a human phase I, dose‐finding study
Authors: Vinknes Kathrine J. , Olsen Thomas , Zaré Hasse Khiabani , Bastani Nasser E. , Stolt Emma , Dahl Anja F. , Cox Roger D. , Refsum Helga , Retterstøl Kjetil , Åsberg Anders , Elshorbagy Amany 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate whether mesna—sodium‐2‐mercaptoethane sulfonate) can reduce diet‐induced fat gain in mice, and to assess the safety of single ascending mesna doses in humans to find the dose associated with lowering of plasma tCys by at least 30%.MethodsC3H/HeH mice were shifted to a high‐fat diet ± mesna in drinking water; body composition was measured at weeks 0, 2 and 4. In an open, phase I, single ascending dose study, oral mesna (400, 800, 1200, 1600 mg) was administered to 17 men with overweight or obesity. Mesna and tCys concentrations were measured repeatedly for a duration of 48 hours postdosing in plasma, as well as in 24‐hour urine.ResultsCompared with controls, mesna‐treated mice had lower tCys and lower estimated mean fat mass gain from baseline (week 2: 4.54 ± 0.40 vs. 6.52 ± 0.36 g; week 4: 6.95 ± 0.35 vs. 8.19 ± 0.34 g; Poverall = .002), but similar lean mass gain. In men with overweight, mesna doses of 400‐1600 mg showed dose linearity and were well tolerated. Mesna doses of 800 mg or higher decreased plasma tCys by 30% or more at nadir (4h post‐dosing). With increasing mesna dose, tCys AUC0‐12h decreased (Ptrend < .001), and urine tCys excretion increased (Ptrend = .004).ConclusionsMesna reduces diet‐induced fat gain in mice. In men with overweight, single oral doses of mesna (800‐1600 mg) were well tolerated and lowered plasma tCys efficiently. The effect of sustained tCys‐lowering by repeated mesna administration on weight loss in humans deserves investigation.
Buddha's grace illuminates all: Temple destruction, school construction and modernization in 20th century China
Authors: Wang Shaoda , Zhang Boxiao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper studies how modern human capital emerged in early 20th century China. We document a novel historical episode known as the ‘Temple Destruction Movement’ (TDM), in which Chinese local governments appropriated huge amounts of Buddhist and Taoist temple assets to support the modernization of local schooling. We find that before the TDM, the initial stock of temple assets was uncorrelated with the levels and trends of human capital development; after the TDM was intensified, regions with higher initial stocks of temple assets suddenly constructed more modern schools, enrolled more students in modern educational programmes, and produced more modern elites. A back of the envelope calculation suggests that the TDM could account for nearly 70% of China's modern school construction in the early 20th century, which is consistent with historical records collected from numerous county gazetteers. Further analysis shows that the TDM was most effective in the presence of both a strong government and a powerful civil society, as the former made it easier to appropriate assets from the religious sector, while the latter helped to prevent the confiscated religious assets from being captured by local officials.
The power and burden of representing diversity in a performing arts organization: A recognition‐based approach
Authors: Johansson Janet , Tienari Janne , Wickström Alice 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper explores tensions related to using representation to signal diversity and inclusion on and behind the stage in a performing arts organization in Sweden. Drawing on a recognition‐based approach to inclusion, we analyze how minority and majority organisational members negotiate tensions related to representing, and being made to represent, diversity. Our ethnographic study illustrates how increased representation gives rise to conflicting experiences when collective or individual heterogeneity is negated and directs attention to the interpersonal and organisational relations that condition these experiences. We contribute to the critical literature on diversity and inclusion, and to research on recognition‐based inclusion, by elucidating the interplay between recognition and misrecognition that shapes how representation is negotiated. We critically examine the complexities of using representation to promote diversity and inclusion and discuss its implications for creating more equal conditions of participation in culture and arts.
High‐moisture soy protein‐mushroom‐based meat analogue: physicochemical, structural properties and its application
Authors: Ketnawa Sunantha , Chaijan Manat , Grossmann Lutz , Rawdkuen Saroat 
Published: July 2023

SummaryAs the flexitarian diet becomes more popular, as well as rising concerns about the environment and health wellness, the demand for plant‐based meat has significantly increased in recent years. This study aimed to develop the feasibility of using mushrooms as an alternative ingredient in a plant‐based meat analogue via high‐moisture twin‐screw extrusion. Five high‐moisture fibrous‐structured meat analogues (HMs, moisture around 61–64 wt, %) from soy protein isolate (SPI) mixed with mushroom powder (MP) in the ratios of SPI and MP of 60:0 (control: CT), 45:15 (M15), 35:25 (M25), 25:35 (M35), and 15:45 (M45) were successfully developed. The increase in MP led to a significant change in darker and brown spot scattering attributes; however, it significantly decreased the textural properties (hardness, and chewiness) of the selected HM (M25), which were significantly lower than CT (P < 0.05). Water holding capacity slightly decreased, while oil holding capacity decreased in HMs with MP compared to CT. Low protein solubility and viscosity of HMs proved the thermally denatured when extrusion cooking. The protein content of all HMs ranges from 52.29 to 72.14 wt% in concordance with the increment of the SPI ratio. HMs showed higher protein digestibility during the intestinal stage than the gastric stage. Thai‐Northern style sausage (Sai‐aua) analogue prepared from M25 gained the highest overall acceptability. Due to their availability, low cost, nutritional values, and health benefits, mushrooms proved to be a potential source to produce HMs. Besides, our findings help create high‐added‐value products that benefit human health, protein sustainability, and environmental concerns.
Application of adoptive cell therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wu Dengqiang , Li Yujie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a global health challenge. Novel treatment modalities are urgently needed to extend the overall survival of patients. The liver plays an immunomodulatory function due to its unique physiological structural characteristics. Therefore, following surgical resection and radiotherapy, immunotherapy regimens have shown great potential in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Adoptive cell immunotherapy is rapidly developing in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we summarize the latest research on adoptive immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. The focus is on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cells and T cell receptor (TCR) engineered T cells. Then tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), natural killer (NK) cells, cytokine‐induced killer (CIK) cells, and macrophages are briefly discussed. The main overview of the application and challenges of adoptive immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. It aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive understanding of the current status of HCC adoptive immunotherapy and offers some strategies. We hope to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
A vascular multi‐arm multi‐stage trial to prevent groin wound surgical site infection: A feasibility survey
Authors: Popplewell Matthew A. , Gwilym Brenig L. , Benson Ruth A. , Juszczak Maciej , Bosanquet David , Pinkney Thomas D. , Chetter Ian , Wall Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSurgical site infection (SSI) is common following arterial surgery involving a groin incision. There is a lack of evidence regarding interventions to prevent groin wound SSI, therefore, a survey of vascular clinicians was undertaken to assess current opinion and practice, equipoise and feasibility of a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Participants at the Vascular Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2021 Annual Scientific Meeting were surveyed regarding three separate interventions designed to prevent SSI in the groin; impregnated incise drapes, diakylcarbomoyl chloride dressings and antibiotic impregnated collagen sponges. Results were collated via an online survey using the Research Electronic Data Capture platform. Seventy‐five participants completed the questionnaire, most were consultant vascular surgeons (50/75, 66.7%). The majority agree that groin wound SSI is a major problem (73/75, 97.3%), and would be content using either of the three interventions (51/61, 83.6%) and had clinical equipoise to randomise patients to any of the three interventions versus standard of care (70/75, 93.3%). There was some reluctance to not use impregnated incise drapes as may be considered “standard of care”. Groin wound SSI is perceived as major problem in vascular surgery, and a multicentre RCT of three preventative interventions appears acceptable to vascular surgeons.
RETRACTED: A systematic review of nursing students' attitude and related factors towards pressure ulcer prevention
Authors: Hermis Alaa Hamza , Mollaei Amirabbas , Ghorbani Vajargah Pooyan , Karkhah Samad , Takasi Poorya , Firooz Mahbobeh , Hosseini Seyed Javad , Alizadeh Otaghvar Hamidreza , Raziani Yosra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this review study is to investigate the attitude of nursing students toward the prevention of pressure ulcers (PUs) and related factors. From February 1, 2023, a comprehensive search was conducted in international and Persian electronic databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Iranmedex, and Scientific information database (SID). The keywords obtained from Medical Subject Headings, including “Attitude”, “Nursing students”, and “Pressure ulcer” were used in this search. The quality assessment of the present studies in this systematic review was based on the appraisal tool for cross‐sectional studies (AXIS tool). A total of 6454 nursing students participated in ten cross‐sectional studies. All students were studying at the undergraduate level and 81.20% of them were female. Nursing students were in the first (39.27%), second (28.19%), and third and fourth (32.54%) academic years. Among the participants, 49.86% have completed at least 2 clinical units. The mean scores of attitudes toward PU prevention in nursing students based on attitude toward PU prevention (APuP) and researcher‐made questionnaires were 75.01% and 68.82%, respectively. The attitude of nursing students was influenced by various factors, including age, sex, academic year, clinical experience, number of clinical units, experience in caring for PU patients, previous courses on PU in the curriculum, and contribution of training to knowledge. Also, in the present study, the positive relationship between the attitude and knowledge of nursing students was shown as the only significant correlation. In sum, the attitude of the majority of nursing students toward the prevention of PUs was at a satisfactory level. Therefore, it is expected to transfer the necessary knowledge to them with proper planning so that preventive actions can be carried out by following the guidelines.
RETRACTED: Effect of hydrocolloid dressings in the management of different grades of pressure wound ulcers in critically ill adult subjects: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Ruifeng , Hua Zhaozhao , Li Lan , Zhou Yiyuan , Xu Yuefang , Zhang Taiwei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA meta‐analysis was implemented to appraise the effect of hydrocolloid dressings (HCDs) in the management of different grades of pressure wound ulcers (PWUs) in critically ill adult subjects (CIUSs). Inclusive literature research until April 2023 was done, and 969 interconnected researches were revised. The 8 picked researches, enclosed 679 critically ill adult persons at the utilized researchers' starting point; 355 of them were utilizing HCDs, and 324 were controls. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were utilized to appraise the consequences of HCDs in treating CIUSs by the dichotomous approach and a fixed or random model. HCDs had significantly higher PWU complete healing (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.54–3.02, p < 0.001), PWU stage II ulcers complete healing (OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.40–5.69, p = 0.004), and PWU stage III ulcers complete healing (OR, 3.73; 95% CI, 1.23–11.35, p = 0.02) compared to control in critically ill adult persons. HCDs had significantly higher PWU complete healing, PWU stage II ulcers complete healing, and PWU stage III ulcers complete healing compared with control in critically ill adult persons. However, caution needs to be taken when interacting with its values since there was a low sample size of most of the chosen research found for the comparisons in the meta‐analysis.