bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baseline susceptibility of cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) to Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) Cry toxins in Meghalaya
Authors: Manchikatla Saisri , Ningthoujam Kennedy , Pathak Mahesh , Singh Akoijam Ratankumar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), is one of the most important pests of cabbage and other cruciferous crops and accounts for > 40% yield reduction in the crops. An investigation on the baseline susceptibility of P. brassicae to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry toxins in Meghalaya was evaluated for future exploitation in Bt resistance monitoring. Two different Cry toxins, Bt Cry1C and Cry2Ab, were screened against 11 different field populations of P. brassicae from the state of Meghalaya. LC50 was evaluated based on the response of larval mortality of P. brassicae using the leaf-dip bioassay method.

Results
The baseline-susceptibility tests conducted on P. brassicae in 11 different field populations from Meghalaya revealed that Smit population strains seemed to show less tolerance to both the Bt Cry toxins (Cry1C and Cry2Ab). Compared to the Cry1C toxin, Cry2Ab was found more potent against P. brassicae. The median lethal concentrations, LC50 72 h, varied from 0.535 to 1.725 µg/ml for Cry2Ab and 0.546–1.803 µg/ml for Cry1C toxin. The screening using leaf-dip bioassay resulted in a tolerance ratio of 3.3-fold and 3.2-fold for Cry1C and Cry2Ab, respectively. The most tolerant strains of P. brassicae from Umiam and Pepbah regions were observed to show discriminating concentrations of 19.30 µg/ml for Cry1C and 24.03 µg/ml for Cry2Ab (LC99, 72 h).

Conclusions
The Cry2Ab toxin was found to be more virulent than Cry1C toxin for P. brassicae. Certain candidate discriminating concentrations for Cry1C and Cry2Ab can be used as benchmarks for future resistance monitoring of P. brassicae to Bt Cry toxins.
Prediction of acute cerebrovascular stroke disability using mSOAR score (Stroke subtype, Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project, age, mRS and NIHSS)
Authors: Abdelghany Hend , Elsayed Mohamed , Elmeligy Amgad , Hatem Ghada 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Stroke is among the most prevalent causes of disability. An easy reliable tool to predict stroke outcomes will help manage neurological and non-neurological events and rehabilitation. The modified SOAR (mSOAR) score, which includes stroke subtype, Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) classification, age, pre-stroke modified Rankin score (mRS), and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is simple and easily calculated prognostic tool. The objective of this research was to test the ability of the mSOAR score to predict post-stroke disability as measured by mRS at discharge and 1 month after stroke onset.

Results
One hundred stroke patients (aged ≥ 18 years) were included. All subjects underwent complete neurologic examination, non-contrast head computed tomography. OCSP classification, Stroke subtype, NIHSS, and mRS score on discharge and 1 month after stroke onset were assessed for all patients. The mSOAR score was significantly correlated with mRS on discharge, after 1 month of stroke, and with the length of hospital stay. mSOAR score had high sensitivity and specificity for predicting moderate-to-severe disability on discharge and after 1 month of stroke onset.

Conclusion
The mSOAR is an excellent and accurate tool for predicting the severity of disability on discharge and 1-month post-stroke.
Conceptualizing the potential of entrepreneurship to shape urban sustainability transformations
Authors: Luederitz Christopher , Westman Linda , Mercado Alexander , Kundurpi Aravind , Burch Sarah Lynn 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEntrepreneurship has emerged as a key element for experimentation and niche innovation in sustainability transitions. Yet, its contributions beyond this initial stage and the multi-pronged role that entrepreneurs can play in transformation processes remain elusive. In response, we conceptualize and empirically illustrate how entrepreneurs can contribute to innovations within firms and to city-wide processes of change. With insights from small- and medium-sized enterprises in European and North American cities, we develop a framework encompassing eight intervention types through which entrepreneurs shape urban sustainability transformations. We propose avenues for future research to better understand the distributed role of entrepreneurship and how it can contribute to shaping and accelerating change toward sustainability across integrated levels of urban transformations.
Diagnostic yield of esophagogastroduodenoscopy in upper gastrointestinal bleeding in pediatrics: a cross-sectional study at a tertiary center
Authors: Elhodhod Mostafa A. , Hamdy Ahmed M. , Fahmy Passant O. , Awad Yosra M 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundEsophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is currently considered the first-line diagnostic procedure of choice for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB); however, the etiology of bleeding remains unknown in a subset of patients. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic yield of EGD in UGIB in pediatrics and determine the clinical predictors for positive endoscopic diagnosis.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at the pediatrics endoscopy unit, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, where 100 children were included. They were referred for EGD due to overt UGIB in the form of hematemesis and/or melena. Full medical history, thorough physical examination, laboratory investigations, and endoscopic and histopathologic findings were documented.ResultsForty-seven males and 54 females were included. Their ages ranged from 3 months to 15 years, with a median age of 4 years. Sixty-five percent presented with hematemesis only, 7% presented with melena only, and 28% presented with hematemesis and melena. An endoscopic diagnosis could be reached in 62% of cases, withHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori) gastritis (23%) and reflux esophagitis (11%) as the most common endoscopic diagnoses, with the former being the most common in children above 4 years and the latter for younger ones. Other diagnoses included non-specific gastritis (8%) and esophageal varices (4%). Presentation with melena only was a negative predictor to reach a diagnosis by EGD, while splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia were independent predictors of variceal bleeding.ConclusionEGD is the investigation of choice in children suffering from hematemesis especially in older age groups. Clinical and laboratory parameters might help in the prediction of the underlying etiology.
Hepatocellular carcinoma associated other primaries: common types and prognosis
Authors: Elbalka Saleh S. , Abdallah Ahmed , Metwally Islam H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest malignancy in Egypt secondary to endemic hepatitis virus. Dual malignancy with HCC is infrequently reported. We herein retrospectively collected data of HCC patients with another primary tumor from a tertiary cancer center. Fifteen patients were enrolled in this case series, epidemiologic data, type of second malignancy, time interval between both tumors, treatment applied, and pattern of recurrence and survival are displayed. Third of the tumors were synchronous, while in the rest HCC was mostly the second malignancy. Breast cancer was the commonest encountered other primary. None of the second malignancies recurred after treatment except for prostate cancer which was not treated radically. The median overall survival of the patients was shorter than previously published series about 29 months. In conclusion, dual malignancy with HCC had more complicated treatment panels; however, they are not necessarily carrying a worse prognosis. HCC tumor outcome remains the main predictor of survival.
Automated detection of human mental disorder
Authors: Hussein Shereen A. , Bayoumi Abd El Rahman S. , Soliman Ayat M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe pressures of daily life result in a proliferation of terms such as stress, anxiety, and mood swings. These feelings may be developed to depression and more complicated mental problems. Unfortunately, the mood and emotional changes are difficult to notice and considered a disease that must be treated until late. The late diagnosis appears in suicidal intensions and harmful behaviors. In this work, main human observable facial behaviors are detected and classified by a model that has developed to assess a person’s mental health. Haar feature-based cascade is used to extract the features from the detected faces from FER+ dataset. VGG model classifies if the user is normal or abnormal. Then in the case of abnormal, the model predicts if he has depression, anxiety, or other disorder according to the detected facial expression. The required assistance and support can be provided in a timely manner with this prediction. The system has achieved a 95% of overall prediction accuracy.
Knowledge, awareness, and presence of cardiovascular risk factors among college staff of a Nigerian University
Authors: Chukwuemeka Uchechukwu Martha , Okoro Favour Chidera , Okonkwo Uchenna Prosper , Amaechi Ifeoma Adaigwe , Anakor Anthony Chinedu , Onwuakagba Ifeoma Uchenna , Okafor Christiana Nkiru 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of global morbidity often overlooked. Much of the population risk of CVD is attributable to modifiable risk factors, and the gaps in knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) are barriers to the effective prevention and treatment of CVDs.

Aim
To assess the knowledge, awareness, and CVD risk among the staff of the college of health science.

Methods
A cross-sectional study of 70 academic and non-academic staff who consented were given questionnaires for cardiovascular risk factor (CRF) knowledge level, cardiovascular risk awareness (CRA), international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), and international stress management association questionnaire (ISMAQ). Selected anthropometric indices, blood pressure, and fasting blood sugar (FBG) were also measured.

Results
The mean knowledge level of CVDs was 23.21 ± 3.230, and the mean CRA was 42.61 ± 4.237. The study participants demonstrated moderate-to-high stress (48%), physical inactivity of 18.9%, overweight/obesity of 62.48%, abdominal obesity of 21.4%, hypertensive (systole and diastole) of 27.2%, hyperglycemic of 7.2%, and smokers of 7.2%. There was a significant relationship between the participants’ knowledge level and awareness of CVDs (p < 0.003) and knowledge of CRFs also increased with an increase in educational level. Participants > 40 years had a 3–9% risk of having a CVD event within 10 years.

Conclusions
The knowledge and awareness of CRFs among the participants was high, and some exhibited risk factors. The staff of the university could improve their risk score by practicing health-promoting behaviors like increased physical activity, blood pressure control, and smoking cessation.
A case of reinfection with a different variant of SARS-CoV-2: case report
Authors: Shimada Nagashige , Shinoda Masahiro , Takei Hiroaki , Yoshida Yuto , Nishimura Masashi , Kousaka Mio , Morikawa Miwa , Sato Takashi , Matsuse Hiroto , Shinkai Masaharu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was previously thought to have a low reinfection rate, but there are concerns that the reinfection rate will increase with the emergence and spread of mutant variants. This report describes the case of a 36-year-old, non-immunosuppressed man who was infected twice by two different variants of COVID-19 within a relatively short period.

Case presentation
A 36-year-old Japanese man with no comorbidities was infected with the E484K variant (R.1 lineage) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Symptoms were mild and improved with symptomatic treatment alone. About four months later he presented to another outpatient department with high fever and headache. We diagnosed him as infected with the Alpha variant (B.1.1.7) of SARS-CoV-2 based on SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing (RT-PCR). The patient was hospitalized with high fever. The patient received treatment in the form of anti-inflammatory therapy with corticosteroid and antibacterial chemotherapy. The patient improved without developing severe disease.

Conclusion
Concerns have been raised that the reinfection rate of COVID-19 will increase with the emergence of mutant variants. Particularly in mild cases, adequate amounts of neutralizing antibodies may not be produced, and reinfection may thus occur. Continued attention to sufficient infection control is thus essential.
A determination of the smartness level of university campuses: the Smart Availability Scale (SAS)
Authors: Samancioglu Nur , Nuere Silvia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTechnological developments on university campuses are among the most recently investigated topics, but the whole notion of a smart campus has yet to be developed. A smart campus can only be comprehended as a whole, which is why it requires an extensive planning process. This article investigates the required smart campus services with a holistic approach. The smart campus concept has been defined by three major categories: smart building, the scope, and the technology, and then the aspects that affect these categories are defined. A fundamental calculation has been constructed based on the smart campus concept created with newly consolidated categories and a case study with post-occupancy evaluations. The Smart Availability Scale (SAS) calculation is based on superimposing two matrices: campus system output and weighted value matrix. For this calculation, the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method was adopted using newly created index parameters and categories. The technologies selected for this research are based on the most recent developments. It extracted valuable conclusions and inferences from this smart campus conceptual framework, providing insights and directions toward the required calculation technique for the services offered by the smart campus. During the evaluation period of traditional to smart universities, this research draws an outline and guidance for the stakeholders of the affiliated campus.
MR imaging of the airways
Authors: Biederer Juergen 
Published: February 2023

The need for airway imaging is defined by the limited sensitivity of common clinical tests like spirometry, lung diffusion (DLCO) and blood gas analysis to early changes of peripheral airways and to inhomogeneous regional distribution of lung function deficits. Therefore, X-ray and computed tomography (CT) are frequently used to complement the standard tests. As an alternative, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers radiation-free lung imaging, but at lower spatial resolution. Non-contrast enhanced MRI shows healthy airways down to the first subsegmental level/4th order (CT: eighth). Bronchiectasis can be identified by wall thickening and fluid accumulation. Smaller airways become visible, when altered by peribronchiolar inflammation or mucus retention (tree-in-bud sign). The strength of MRI is functional imaging. Dynamic, time-resolved MRI directly visualizes expiratory airway collapse down to the lobar level (CT: segmental level). Obstruction of even smaller airways becomes visible as air trapping on the expiratory scans. MRI with hyperpolarized noble gases (3He, 129Xe) directly shows the large airways and peripheral lung ventilation. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE MRI) indirectly shows airway dysfunction as perfusion deficits resulting from hypoxic vasoconstriction of the dependent lung volumes. Further promising scientific approaches such as non-contrast enhanced, ventilation-/perfusion-weighted MRI from periodic signal changes of respiration and blood flow are in development. In summary, MRI of the lungs and airways excels with its unique combination of morphologic and functional imaging capacities for research (e.g., in chronic obstructive lung disease or asthma) as well as for clinical imaging (e.g., in cystic fibrosis).
Assessment of Medical Professionalism: Development and psychometric analysis of Professionalism Assessment Tool (PAT) in Pakistani context using Delphi Techniques
Authors: Noreen Khola , Zuberi Rukhsana , Aftab Kausar , Fatima Sabahat 
Published: February 2023

Objective: This study aims to develop and assess the content validity along with the reliability of a Professionalism Assessment Tool (PAT) with an intention to measure professionalism among undergraduate medical students.
Methods: This psychometric analytical study validation study was carried out at Rawalpindi Medical University from 1st February to 1st June, 2021 after establishing feasibility and obtaining ethical approval. The non-probability convince sampling was employed to collect data. Using Nunnally’s, the ratio of e subjects per item was selected, as our preliminary tool has 48 items so 384 sample size was estimated for scale validation. The preliminary 48-item tool with five subscales(cSS) developed through mutual consensus by the Delphi technique namely Communication skill(cSS1),-7 item, Accountability(cSS2)-8 item, Altruism(cSS3)-13 item, Self-Directed Learning (cSS4)-10 item and Ethics(cSS5),-10 item was labelled as Professionalism Assessment Tool (PAT). The tool was administered to 4th year MBBS students, the data obtained was analyzed by calculating Cronbach’s alpha to estimate the reliability. The SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis.
Results: The 48-item PAT had an overall reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) of 0.783. The Reliability of the new Subscales were communication skills (0.405), self-directed learning (0.527), Accountability (0.378), Altruism (0.486) and Ethics (0.715).
Conclusion: The final tool developed for assessment of professionalism had 48 items on a seven point Likert like scale, across five Subscales. Results showed that it was determined as a useful tool in assessing professionalism in undergraduate medical students to generate reliable results for valid decision-making.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6608
How to cite this: Noreen K, Zuberi RW, Aftab K, Fatima S. Assessment of Medical Professionalism: Development and psychometric analysis of Professionalism Assessment Tool (PAT) in Pakistani context using Delphi Techniques. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6608
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Teaching-learning behavior in medicine according to students’ perspective: what most influences academic achievement?
Authors: Kusmiati Mia , Dharmmika Susanti , Maharani Dewi Asri 
Published: February 2023

Background: The medical student is a part of education that has a pivotal role in contributing to the teaching-learning process. Assessing the learning process by student perception can give valuable input to predict academic achievement. This study aims to identify the student’s perspective regarding teaching-learning behaviour and which factor most influences academic achievement. Methods: A total of 443 medical students of the preclinical phase were selected to participate in this study. Design of the study comprised three single-groups time sequences with the observational approach. This study is divided into three phases: item construction by conducting exploratory factor analysis (EFA), validation through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and true surveys. Sample size calculation employed formulation of subject to item ratio for EFA and CFA; true survey utilized the estimate proportion population. Using regression linear, we determine the most influential factor to academic performance. Results: Results were summarized following two factors that influencing academic performance, namely learning experience (p value=0.013, r=0.041) and exam effectiveness (p value=0.041, r=0.028). Our work highlights the lecturer capacity and integrated module have contributed the academic success (79.46% and 77.80%). Conclusions: Our finding has novelty in which contribute the knowledge regarding exam significance on medicine. Meanwhile, related to the learning experience domain is increasingly proving an essential factor to achieve academic performance. The major strength of this study is the systematic manner in which it was conducted.
The effect of COVID-19 on medical student clinical skill practice and self-perceived proficiency
Authors: Hall Leanne , Binks Sophie , Heal Clare 
Published: February 2023

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly impacted medical education. This study aimed to determine how COVID-19 affected students’ opportunity to practice core clinical skills across specialty rotations and their self-perceived proficiency at performing these. Methods: Routinely administered surveys of fifth year medical student’ experiences and perceptions of medical training from 2016 to 2021 were analysed. Number of times core clinical skills were performed and self-perceived proficiency of each skill were compared pre- (years 2016-2019) and during-COVID (years 2020-2021). Results: Data from 219 surveys showed a reduction in the opportunity to perform “a cervical screen test” (p<0.001), “a mental health assessment” (p=0.006), “assess the risk of suicide” (p=0.004) and “bladder catheterisation” (p=0.007) during-COVID. Self-reported skill proficiency was also less during-COVID for performance of: “a mental health assessment” (p=0.026) and “an ECG” (p=0.035). Conclusions: The impact of COVID-19 on mental health skills was greatest, potentially due to a shift toward telehealth services and consequent reduced ability for students to engage in consultations. In a time of potential long-term change in the healthcare landscape, it is imperative to ensure adequate opportunity to practice all core clinical skills during medical training. Inclusion of telehealth earlier into the curriculum may benefit student confidence.
Online course "Medical informatics"
Authors: Sokolov Sergey , Teleshev Valery , Sokolovsky Dmitry , Krokhalev Vadim , Rezaykin Alexey 
Published: February 2023

Задачи курса состоят в том, чтобы студенты обучающиеся на специальностях: 31.05.01 "Лечебное дело", 31.05.02 Педиатрия, 31.05.03 "Стоматология", 32.05.01 Медико-профилактическое дело, получили навыки работы с программными и техническими средствами информатики, используемыми на различных этапах получения и анализа биомедицинской информации. Курс посвящен знакомству с пакетом программ MS Office, изучению и практическому применению методов первичного статистического анализа медико-биологических данных, знакомству с основами биоинформатики.
Full Stokes polarimetry using a monolithic off-axis polarizing interferometer and a 2D array sensor
Authors: Kheiryzadehkhanghah Saeid , Dembele Vamara , Hwang Gukhyeon , Shim Junbo , Choi Inho , Choi Sukhyun , Lee Tim K. , Joo Chulmin , Kim Daesuk 
Published: February 2023

This paper describes a full Stokes polarimeter employing a monolithic off-axis polarizing interferometric module and a 2D array sensor. The proposed passive polarimeter provides a dynamic full Stokes vector measurement capability of around 30 Hz. As the proposed polarimeter employs no active devices and is operated by employing an imaging sensor, it has significant potential to become a highly compact polarization sensor for smartphone applications. To show the feasibility of the proposed passive dynamic polarimeter scheme, the full Stokes parameters of a quarter-wave plate are extracted and displayed on a Poincare sphere by varying the polarization state of the measured beam.