bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellular Lattices With Struts and Plates
Authors: D’Souza Nandika Anne , Ghosh Mahan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Lightweighting through the creation of porous architectures has been employed extensively in materials such as foams and aerogels. The use of two-dimensional columnar systems such as honeycombs and their related polygons have been employed due to the ease of manufacturing using large scale calendaring. More recently the availability of 3d printing led to a resurgence of cellular architectures that are based on struts. Systems have been explored using atomic lattice mimicry and named as face centered cubic, body centered cubic or simple cubic. The utilization of faces has also been explored paired to the struts. In this paper we explore the effect of gradual face insertion into a body centered cubic lattice. We examine a single cell oriented such as that the faces are arranged around the centroid of the cube. A 4 × 4 × 4 lattice is then explored to examine stress transfer to the nearest neighbor. The results present a novel approach to mitigating the challenge with stress concentration that has limited the strut-based lattices in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) printing as all systems with faces show significant benefits in modulus, stress and energy absorption enhancement over the pure strut-based lattice.
Compostable, Full Biobased Foams Using Environmentally Benign Manufacturing
Authors: Oluwabunmi Kayode , D’Souza Nandika Anne , Zhao Weihuan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
With initiatives on carbon capture utilization, use of CO2 in the manufacture of foamed polymers is valuable. The low solubility and strong temperature/pressure correlation to utilization remains a limit. Here we explore two aspects of green manufacturing. Use of a biopolymer and CO2 to foam it. Microcellular foams were produced from amorphous polylactic acid (PLA) with 12% d-lactide content using the batch foaming method. The batch method produces foams that are affected by cell nucleation, growth and solidification. In the thermal soak method, CO2 was introduced into PLA above its Tg, depressurized resulting in solidification, followed by soaking in a hot water bath for trapped CO2 to be released. In a second method, CO2 injected above the Tg was held at a temperature above ambient to encourage cell growth followed by a quench. The results showed that foams made through the decompression technique at foaming temperature of 55 °C were rigid in nature and had a better mix of cellular architecture due to their well-defined bimodal cellular structure compared to the foams made at foaming temperature of 75° C. Excellent mechanical and good sound absorption properties were attributed to the bimodal distr. Thermal conductivity values of (0.031–0.063) W/mK obtained for the PLA foams made using the thermal soak and decompression techniques was equivalent to that of petroleum based extruded polystyrene (EPS) and expanded polystyrene (XPS) foams ∼ (0.03–0.06) W/mK valuable for building insulation.
Development of CFD Model to Study the Spread of Wildfires
Authors: Gonçalves Inês , Marques João , Silva João Pedro , Teixeira José Carlos , Alvelos Filipe , Tavares Teresa , Teixeira Senhorinha 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Wildfires are a worldwide phenomenon that as an impact on all surrounding forms of life. Studying these events is essential to develop and optimize the tools used for combat and prevention, and its behavior is associated with the state of the vegetation, atmospheric conditions, ground properties, and many others, constituting an expensive and challenging task.
This work presents itself as a complementary work to study the flow over a forest through a CFD model, which causes a modification in the velocity profile due to the drag produced by the forest presence, and the values obtained can be used in a mathematical model to study the fire rate of spread and fireline intensity considering the new velocity field. The CFD model was applied in the commercial software Ansys Fluent.
The results confirmed that the wind is a dominant force during a forest fire, i.e., at high velocities the fire has an aggressive behavior and at low velocities tends to calm down. However, due to the unpredictability of certain weather conditions, it is dangerous to say that a forest fire is fully controlled since its behavior can change in a matter of minutes.
Numerical Investigation on the Suitability of a PCM/Refrigerant Hybrid Cooling System for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Kittleson Jesse , Muhkerjee Abhijit 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
As electric vehicles become more prevalent, the need for safe, efficient battery packs will drastically increase. Lithiumion batteries are at the forefront of this technology due to their high voltage, high energy density, long lifespan, and low self-discharge rate. The performance and lifespan of a lithium-ion battery pack is closely related to the temperature of the battery pack. Safety is also a concern as thermal runaway can occur at temperatures above 353K. As a result, battery thermal management systems (BTMS) are required to maintain the temperature at a safe level.
The performance of a convective heat transfer and phase change hybrid BTMS has been evaluated numerically using Ansys Fluent. Refrigerant R134a is the primary focus of this paper due to its use in the existing air conditioning system. Its performance is then compared to that of water and air cooling. Paraffin and a paraffin/graphite composite are used as the phase change material (PCM), and their performance is compared to that of aluminum, representing the absence of PCM. Finally, the diameter of the cooling channel is altered to evaluate its effects on heat removal from the battery pack.
It was determined that for all cases water cooling was sufficient to keep the batteries within their optimal range. By contrast, there were no circumstances where air cooling was sufficient to keep the batteries beneath their thermal runaway temperature. At higher Thermal Reynold’s numbers, R134a was able to maintain the battery below the thermal runaway temperature but resulted in temperatures well above the optimal operating temperature.
Multi-Scale Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Fused Silica Under Shock Impact: Parameter Characterizations
Authors: Gupta Tanuj , Woods Tristan , Zhao Huijuan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Silica is one of the most abundant substances on Earth. Chemically expressed as SiO2, silica exhibits a complicated phase diagram with multiple crystalline structures (polymorphs) at different temperature and pressure conditions. Under a shock impact, a significant amount of energy is effectively absorbed due to the phase transition of fused silica to stishovite, thereby taking most of the destructive energy away from these structures. Therefore, it is crucial to have a reliable method to investigate the mechanism behind the phase transition between fused silica and stishovite to better adapt this material as energy absorption and protection materials for future combat protection applications. In this work, the multi-scale shock technique (MSST) method is characterized to study the shock impact of fused silica. The BKS potential is employed to define the interatomic potential of fused silica. We calibrated two artificial MSST parameters, Q and tscale, concerning the simulation box size. We revealed the impact of cutoff radius rc on fused silica’s phase transition under various shock velocity conditions. We found that the selection of rc in the BKS potential influences stishovite’s nucleation, formation, and growth at different shock velocity conditions. Future work will expand the MSST method to eliminate the parameter calibration and better predict the material behavior under shock impact.
Layer Dependent Out-Of-Plane Thermal Conductivity in MoS2: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Rahman Mahabubur , Zhao Huijuan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this work, nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations are adopted to calculate the out-of-plane thermal conductivity (TC) variation of MoS2 with respect to the number of MoS2 layers. We benchmark the NEMD method and investigate the role of the heat exchange rate in the in-plane TC calculation. We observe a monotonically increasing trend of the out-of-plane TC to the number of MoS2 layers. The out-of-plane TC of MoS2 is an order smaller than that of the in-plane direction, mainly due to the weak long-range interaction along the out-of-plane path.
Three-Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of the Combustion Process of a MAN L21/31 Marine Diesel Engine
Authors: Yan Yuchao , Yang Ruomiao , Liu Zhentao , Liu Jinlong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the available literature, information on marine engines is limited for the general researcher. The goal of this study is to provide high quality information on a marine diesel engine that is beneficial to the engine community. Information on a 6L MAN L21/31 marine diesel engine is collected from existing studies and a three dimensional computational fluid dynamics model is built in this paper that can characterize the in-cylinder activities occurring in this marine engine. The good agreement between experimentally measured and model predicted cylinder pressure and heat release rate indicates a good calibration of the numerical model. Simulation results show that sufficient oxygen is still available in the chamber when the exhaust valve is open, suggesting the possibility of further reducing incomplete combustion products by increasing the utilization of excess air. Moreover, the model predictions help to show that the injection settings are already well calibrated for the rated power condition in terms of the balance between fuel economy and clean combustion. Accordingly, future efficiency improvements and emission reductions are suggested to be achieved by the optimization of the chamber shape, which has the potential to further improve the air utilization.
Industry 4.0 Trends in Intelligent Manufacturing Automation Exploring Machine Learning
Authors: Hoover William , Guerra-Zubiaga David A. , Banta Jeremy , Wandene Kevin , Key Kaleb , Gonzalez-Badillo Germanico 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Current trends indicate that the manufacturing industry is moving toward implementing Industry 4.0 concepts in search of improved adaptability, efficiency, sustainability, and advanced technological implementation. Some of these new technologies include virtual process simulation, automation, machine learning technologies, and the use of IIoT to innovate solutions.
Researchers are focusing on ways to improve the rate and economy of implementing Industry 4.0 concepts in current manufacturing processes. This paper focuses on the implementation of a combination of specific industry 4.0 concepts in a lab environment. There will also be a case study where this research will be applied, and the results discussed. Digital Twins is also a proposed component of the research case study that is implemented using Siemens PLM Tecnomatix tool. Future work is to improve the efficiency of the manufacturing, pick-and-place operation using Deep Reinforcement learning.
Improvement of API Program to Evaluate Three-Dimensional CAD Models
Authors: Joo Sunghwan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Many commercial Computer-Aided Design software have been introduced in high schools and undergraduate engineering colleges in the past decades. Basic CAD skills have become the essential engineering skill which all students need to have. Because many colleges offer basic CAD courses as early as freshman course sequences, the size of the class is quite large. That means many assignments for instructors and a lot of time to grade assignments. When instructors grade assignments, they need to open CAD files, check the accuracy of models, and close CAD files again. If they grade multiple assignments or sometime even 100s of assignments required, time to spend to grade those assignments will be tremendous. So, the CAD software API (Application Program Interface) based software was developed by author. The first version of the program was developed in 2018 and presented in the IMECE conference. The program was designed for SolidWorks using Visual Basic for Applications and provides several useful functions. The program opens multiple CAD files and check the critical values including dimensions and closes those automatically. The results are saved in Excel file to review later. The first version of the program was accepted positively by the fellow colleagues. However, there was always room for improvement. Since then, the program has been completely revamped. 1) More functions have been added to the program including the screen capture of open 3d models, 2) The program has been optimized as an independent executable program which run separately from the CAD software, 3) The program now supports multiple CAD software, 4) The program checks the watermark in the files to prevent plagiarism. In this paper, the following topics will be discussed and presented. 1) The problem with manual grading and assessment, 2) History and background of API functionality in commercial CAD software, 3) Previous development of API based evaluation software, 4) Example of the developed API program, 5) Comparison between previous program and new program. 6) Future improvement plan of API program. An actual demonstration of the program will be given during the presentation.
A Method to Account for the Effects of Thermal Osmosis in PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Ingarra Nicholas , Kobus Krzysztof (Chris) , Maisonneuve Jonathan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In PEM fuel cells heat and water management are essential for fuel cell operation. Presently there are two agreed modes of water transport: electro-osmotic drag (EOD) and back diffusion (BD). EOD and BD are obtained from the Nernst-Planck equation. It can be shown that the Nernst Planck equation neglects the impact of thermal osmosis. It must be determined if this assumption on neglecting thermal osmosis is valid, or if thermal osmosis is a strong influencer of net water flow. Thermal osmosis (TO) is not fully understood, and some researchers have made conclusions about thermal osmosis but failed to properly isolate thermal osmosis from other modes of water transport. This work demonstrates that thermal osmosis is neglected in most fuel cell analysis and that thermal osmosis needs to be examined further.
Methodology for the Design of Demonstrative Didactic Prototypes for the Teaching of Renewable Energies Based on Education for Sustainable Development ‘ESD’
Authors: Peralta Juan , Delgado Emerita , Maldonado Fausto , Durazno Galo , Miranda-Delgado Livingston , Prieto Alexander , Reinoso Jose 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Achieving sustainable development education is one of the challenges proposed to reach many countries by 2030, based on SDG4 [1] A case of interest is teaching for development of energy sustainability in educational institutions [2], where student learning was enhanced with demonstrative didactic prototypes. The development project of linkage with society ESD-ESPOL, professor and students of the careers of Engineering in Mechanics and Electronics in Automation are developing a project for training, Developing educational didactic material that allows learning in aspects of sustainability in the subject of renewable energy, to students at the secondary level.
This work present objective the development methodology the design of didactic prototypes education. To achieve this goal, students have been developing the design and construction of demonstration didactic prototypes to teach renewable energy associated with solar thermal, photovoltaic, water, and wind. The engineering design process includes the form of the conception of the preliminary model to the development of detailed design that includes the movement of the equipment and data visualization that allows the beneficiary to interact with the prototype based on a working guide. As a result, the appropriate methodology of the process ESPOL students must carry out to develop the functional prototype and begin with the team staggering was determined.
Thermal Design and Parametric Study of a Greenhouse in Microgravity Conditions
Authors: Karigiri Madhusudhan Nivedha , Najafi Hamidreza 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The recent progress in commercial space flights and prospects for interplanetary space missions has attracted more attention towards developing sustainable built environments in microgravity conditions. An important factor in establishing a sustainable living condition for outer space applications is the ability to produce food. The thermal design considerations in a greenhouse have a major impact on the survival, water efficiency, quantity, and quality of plants produced. The extremely low environmental temperatures necessitate the use of heaters which do consume energy. Given the scarcity of energy access, it is important to achieve proper thermal conditions with the lowest possible energy requirements. This paper discusses the thermal design and considerations of a greenhouse in a microgravity environment (i.e. Martian environment) with extremely low ambient temperature conditions (nearly −200 K) and limited availability of solar radiation (maximum of 590 W/m 2). A parametric study is performed using COMSOL Multiphysics. The effects of varying several design parameters including heater capacity, and placement of heaters are investigated on the indoor thermal condition of the greenhouse. The temperature distribution inside the greenhouse is assessed for several design conditions and the desirable distributions for plant growth are further analyzed. The impact of microgravity conditions is also assessed through a comparison of results between microgravity and normal gravity conditions. The results from this study could be used towards the proper thermal design of greenhouses for the extreme conditions of outer space applications.
Data-Driven Fault Detection in Composite Cylindrical Shells: Directing the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Prospective Into an Artificial Neural Network Vision
Authors: Liontos Konstantinos N. , Georgiou Ioannis T. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a vibration data-driven study for damage detection in a physical cylindrical shell made of carbon fiber reinforced polymeric plies. The manufacturing method followed for the synthesis of this structure introduces numerous fault sites as potential initiators of damage propagation. Using three accelerometers, vibration datasets have been collected for damage detection by a classical vibration analysis method based on the change of the curvature of vibration shapes extracted by sectioning-at the value of a dominant natural frequency-the surface-formed landscape of the distribution of the dataset over the processed frequency-space domain. The existence and the position of damage sites in the cylinder are detected by computing the pointwise ratio of the section-based vibration shapes of the datasets. To verify and improve this technique, unleased is the unparalleled data reduction-computational analysis of the advanced proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) transform to detect damage sites as variations of POD modal shapes, being identified as invariants of the motion. The data-driven spirit of POD processing of datasets is conveyed further to support a potential artificial neural networks vision for fault detection by learning aspects of the physical system with training based on the collected datasets.
Experiments on Dynamic Non-Newtonian Fluid Interaction With Shells
Authors: Pellicano Francesco , Zippo Antonio , Iarriccio Giovanni 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this work the nonlinear vibrations of a fluid-filled circular cylindrical shell under base excitation is investigated. A polymeric (P.E.T.) thin shell with an aluminum top mass is harmonically excited from the base through an electrodynamic shaker in the neighbourhood of the natural frequency of the first axisymmetric mode. Experiments are carried out both in presence and absence of a contained fluid, which is non-Newtonian (dilatant); the dilatant fluid is composed of a cornstarch-water mixture with 60% cornstarch and 40% water of total weight, it is commonly known as oobleck. The results show a strong non-linear response due to the coupling between the fluid and structure and the shaker-structure interaction that leads to a very interesting dynamic scenario.
The system has been excited in the axial direction (vertical) through a harmonic load, with a stepped-sine sweep controlled output. Tests have been performed on empty shell, fully or partially filled shell with oobleck quiescent fluid.
The dynamic scenario is carefully analyzed by means of time histories, spectra, phase portraits and Poincaré maps. The experiments show the onset of complex dynamics: subharmonic and quasiperiodic responses, Chaos.
Period-3 and Period-6 Motions in a Nonlinear Spring Pendulum
Authors: Guo Yu , Luo Albert C. J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper, symmetric period-3 motions and pairs of asymmetric period-3 and period-6 motions in a periodically excited nonlinear spring pendulum system are determined semi-analytically through the implicit map method. Numerical and analytical results are illustrated for verification. The time histories of displacements and velocities are illustrated for each periodic motions; and the corresponding trajectories in phase plane are also presented.
Modeling and Analysis of Multiple Electrostatic Actuators on the Response of Vibrotactile Haptic Device
Authors: Rajkumar Santosh Mohan , Singh Kumar Vikram , Koo Jeong-Hoi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this research, modeling, and analysis of a beam-type touch screen interface with multiple actuators is considered. A mechanical model of a touch screen system, as thin beams, is developed with embedded electrostatic actuators at different spatial locations. This discrete finite element-based model is developed to compute the analytical and numerical vibrotactile response due to multiple actuators excited with varying frequency and amplitude. The model is tested with spring-damper boundary conditions incorporating sinusoidal excitations in the human haptic range. An analytical solution is proposed to obtain the vibrotactile response of the touch surface for different frequencies of excitations, number of actuators, actuator stiffness, and actuator positions. The effect of the mechanical properties of the touch surface on vibrotactile feedback provided to the user feedback is explored. Investigation of optimal location and number of actuators for a desired localized response, such as the magnitude of acceleration and variation in acceleration response for a desired zone on the interface, is carried out. It has been shown that a wide variety of localizable vibrotactile feedback can be generated on the touch surface using different frequencies of excitations, different actuator stiffness, number of actuators, and actuator positions. Having a mechanical model will facilitate simulation studies capable of incorporating more testing scenarios that may not be feasible to physically test.