bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of respiratory activity in newborn infants using a noncontact vision‐based monitor
Authors: Eastwood‐Sutherland Caillin , Lim Kathleen , Gale Timothy J. , Wheeler Kevin I. , Dargaville Peter A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effectiveness of a noncontact vision‐based infrared respiratory monitor (IRM) in the detection of authentic respiratory motion in newborn infants.Study DesignObservational study in a neonatal intensive care unit.MethodsEligible infants lay supine with torso exposed under the IRM's infrared depth‐map camera and torso images were recorded at 30 frames/s. Respiratory motion waveforms were subsequently derived from upper (IRMupper) and lower (IRMlower) torso region images and compared with contemporaneous impedance pneumography (IP) and capsule pneumography (CP). Waveforms, in 15 s investigative epochs, were scanned with an 8 s sliding window for authentic respiratory waveform (spectral purity index [SPI] ≥ 0.75, minimum five complete breaths). Maximum SPI and frequency of occurrence of authentic respiratory waveform in 15 s epochs were compared between monitoring modalities in pooled and per patient data (Friedman ANOVA).ResultsRecordings comprised 532 min of images from 35 infants, yielding 2131 investigative epochs, with authentic respiratory motion detected in all infants. For CP, IP, IRMupper, and IRMlower, the proportion of epochs containing authentic respiratory motion in pooled data were 65%, 50%, 36%, and 48%, with median SPImax of 0.79, 0.75, 0.70, and 0.74, respectively. Per‐patient average SPImax was 0.79, 0.75, 0.69, and 0.74 for CP, IP, IRMupper, and IRMlower with proportion of authentic respiratory motion being 64%, 50%, 29%, and 49%, respectively.ConclusionAn IRM focused on the lower torso detected authentic respiratory motion with comparable performance to IP in newborn infants in intensive care and deserves further investigation.
α‐Mangostin induces oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in a triple‐negative breast cancer model
Authors: Cruz‐Gregorio Alfredo , Aranda‐Rivera Ana Karina , Aparicio‐Trejo Omar Emiliano , Medina‐Campos Omar Noel , Sciutto Edda , Fragoso Gladis , Pedraza‐Chaverri José 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) does not express estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor; therefore, TNBC lacks targeted therapy, and chemotherapy is the only available treatment for this illness but causes side effects. A putative strategy for the treatment of TNBC could be the use of the polyphenols such as α‐Mangostin (α‐M), which has shown anticancerogenic effects in different cancer models and can modulate the inflammatory and prooxidant state in several pathological models. The redox state, oxidative stress (OS), and oxidative damage are highly related to cancer development and its treatment. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of α‐M on redox state, mitochondrial metabolism, and apoptosis in 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells. We found that α‐M decreases both protein levels and enzymatic activity of catalase, and increases reactive oxygen species, oxidized proteins and glutathione disulfide, which demonstrates that α‐M induces oxidative damage. We also found that α‐M promotes mitochondrial dysfunction by abating basal respiration, the respiration ligated to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and the rate control of whole 4T1 cells. Additionally, α‐M also decreases the levels of OXPHOS subunits of mitochondrial complexes I, II, III, and adenosine triphosphate synthase, the activity of mitochondrial complex I as well as the levels of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma co‐activator 1α, showing a mitochondrial mass reduction. Then, oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by α‐M induce apoptosis of 4T1 cells, which is evidenced by B cell lymphoma 2 decrease and caspase 3 cleavage. Taken together, our results suggest that α‐M induces OS and mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in 4T1 cell death through apoptotic mechanisms.
Deciphering and investigating fragment mechanism of quinolones using multi‐collision energy mass spectrometry and computational chemistry strategy
Authors: Lin Chuhui , Zhou Xudong , Zhang Hongyang , Fu Zhibo , Yang Haoyu , Zhang Min , Hu Ping 
Published: April 2023

RationaleQuinolones show characteristic fragments in mass spectrometry (MS) analysis due to their common core structures, and energy‐dependent differences among these fragments are generated through the same fragmentation pathway of different molecules. Computational chemistry, which provides quantitative results of molecule parameters, is helpful for investigating the mechanisms of chemistry.MethodsMS/MS spectra of five quinolones, namely norfloxacin (NOR), enoxacin (ENO), enrofloxacin (ENR), gatifloxacin (GAT), and lomefloxacin (LOM), were acquired for deciphering fragmentation pathways under multi‐collision energy (CE). Computational methods were used for excluding little possibility pathways from the point of view of energy and stable conformations, whereas optimized collision energy (OCE) and maximum relative intensity (MRI) of major competitive fragments were investigated and confirmed using computational results.ResultsFragmentation results of NOR, ENO, ENR, and GAT were deciphered using experimental and computational data, of which fragmentation regularities were summarized. Fragmentation pathways of LOM were deciphered under the guidance of foregoing regularities. Meanwhile, the whole process was validated by comparing OCE and MRI and computational energy results, which showed good agreement.ConclusionsA strategy for explaining quinolone fragmentation results of multi‐CE values and deciphering fragment mechanism using computational methods was developed. Relevant data and strategy may provide ideas for how to design and decipher new drug molecules with similar structures.
Two‐dimensional Aluminum Oxide Nanosheets Decorated with Palladium Oxide Nanodots for Highly Stable and Selective Hydrogen Sensing
Authors: Xing Xiaxia , Li Zhenxu , Zhao Xinhua , Tian Yingying , Chen Xiaoyu , Lang Xiaoyan , Yang Dachi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHydrogen (H2) sensing materials such as semiconductor metal oxides may suffer from poor long‐term stability against humidity and unsatisfactory selectivity against other interfering gases. To address the above issues, highly stable and selective H2 sensing built with palladium oxide nanodots decorating aluminum oxide nanosheets (PdO NDs//Al2O3 NSs) has been achieved via combined template synthesis, photochemical deposition, and oxidation. Typically, the PdO NDs//Al2O3 NSs are observed with thin NSs (≈17 nm thick) decorated with nanodots (≈3.3 nm in diameter). Beneficially, the sensor prototypes built with PdO NDs//Al2O3 NSs show excellent long‐term stability for 278 days, high selectivity against interfering gases, and outstanding stability against humidity at 300 °C. Remarkably, the sensor prototypes enable detection of a wide‐range of 20 ppm – 6 V/V% H2, and the response and recovery times are ≈5 and 16 s to 1 V/V% H2, respectively. Theoretically, the heterojunctions of PdO NDs‐Al2O3 NSs with a large specific surface ratio and Al2O3 NSs as the support exhibit excellent stability and selective H2 sensing. Practically, a sensing device integrated with the PdO NDs//Al2O3 NSs sensor prototype is simulated for detecting H2 with reliable sensing response.
Development of a highly sensitive point‐of‐care test for African swine fever that combines EZ‐Fast DNA extraction with LAMP detection: Evaluation using naturally infected swine whole blood samples from Vietnam
Authors: Ngan Mai Thi , Thi My Le Huynh , Xuan Dang Vu , Thi Bich Ngoc Trinh , Phan Le Van , Thi Hoa Nguyen , Quang Lam Truong , Thi Lan Nguyen , Notsu Kosuke , Sekiguchi Satoshi , Yamazaki Yasuko , Yamazaki Wataru 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile early detection and early containment are key to controlling the African swine fever (ASF) pandemic, the lack of practical testing methods for use in the field are a major barrier to achieving this feat.ObjectivesTo describe the development of a rapid and sensitive point‐of‐care test (POCT) for ASF, and its evaluation using swine whole blood samples for field settings.MethodsIn total, 89 swine whole blood samples were collected from Vietnamese swine farms and were performed the POCT using a combination of crude DNA extraction and LAMP (loop‐mediated isothermal amplification) amplification.ResultsThe POCT enabled crude DNA to be extracted from swine whole blood samples within 10 min at extremely low cost and with relative ease. The entire POCT required a maximum of 50 min from the beginning of DNA extraction to final judgment. Compared to a conventional real‐time PCR detection, the POCT showed a 1 log reduction in detection sensitivity, but comparable diagnostic sensitivity of 100% (56/56) and diagnostic specificity of 100% (33/33). The POCT was quicker and easier to perform and did not require special equipment.ConclusionsThis POCT is expected to facilitate early diagnosis and containment of ASF invasion into both regions in which it is endemic and eradicated.
Neuroimaging statistical approaches for determining neural correlates of Alzheimer's disease via positron emission tomography imaging
Authors: Drake Daniel F. , Derado Gordana , Zhang Lijun , Bowman F. DuBois ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disorder involving significant memory loss and other cognitive deficits, manifesting as a progression from normal cognitive functioning to mild cognitive impairment to AD. The sooner an accurate diagnosis of probable AD is made, the easier it is to manage symptoms and plan for future therapy. Functional neuroimaging stands to be a useful tool in achieving early diagnosis. Among the many neuroimaging modalities, positron emission tomography (PET) provides direct regional assessment of, among others, brain metabolism, cerebral blood flow, amyloid deposition—all quantities of interest in the characterization of AD. However, there are analytic challenges in identifying early indicators of AD from these high‐dimensional imaging data sets, and it is unclear whether early indicators of AD are more likely to emerge in localized patterns of brain activity or in patterns of correlation between distinct brain regions. Early PET‐based analyses of AD focused on alterations in metabolic activity at the voxel‐level or in anatomically defined regions of interest. Other approaches, including seed‐voxel and multivariate techniques, seek to characterize metabolic connectivity by identifying other regions in the brain with similar patterns of activity across subjects. We briefly review various neuroimaging statistical approaches applied to determine changes in metabolic activity or metabolic connectivity associated with AD. We then present an approach that provides a unified statistical framework for addressing both metabolic activity and connectivity. Specifically, we apply a Bayesian spatial hierarchical framework to longitudinal metabolic PET scans from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.This article is categorized under:
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Analysis of High Dimensional Data
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Modeling Methods
Statistical Models > Bayesian Models
How Can Art Assist Science and Technology?
Authors: Earnshaw Rae 
Published: April 2023

AbstractArt and science both involve creation and imagination and have been closely linked from the beginning of civilization. Activities during the Egyptian Kingdoms and the Greek world in both art and science have been preserved and reflect substantial achievements in design, form, and esthetics. The systematization of knowledge resulted in divisions between the disciplines which has taken time to understand and resolve. The contribution of art to the computer age is exemplified in the role of the data visualization artist, who now assist in the extraction of meaningful results from very large data sets. Artists have also used these complex images for their own artworks and exhibitions.
Creativity and Artist Technologist
Authors: Liggett Susan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe study of creativity in the arts provides an opportunity to present the ways in which new technology has placed new demands on artists. It can also open up new possibilities for the expression of creativity by artists. It expands on the ways in which technology is used by artists as a tool to reflect on the human aspiration for a better future. The artists’ collective localStyle is presented as a case study to demonstrate how collaborations between artists, scientists and technologists has led to multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary projects.
Das Referendariat
Authors: Bührig-Hollmann Annette 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Folgenden werden die formalen Ausbildungsbedingungen für die zweite Hälfte der Lehrerausbildung dargestellt. Hieran schließt die sprachliche Spurensuche danach an, wie die UNB innerhalb der Ausbildung angehender Lehrer:innen kommunikativ gestaltet wird.
Recognizing Objective Information
Authors: Xu Jianfeng , Wang Shuliang , Liu Zhenyu , Wang Yashi , Wang Yingfei , Dang Yingxu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo understand the importance and necessity of studying objective information, in this chapter, it will first analyzes the similarities and dissimilarities between objective information and subjective knowledge, then introduces the basic forms of information, and finally gives the role of objective information.
Modelling Objective Information: Sextuple
Authors: Xu Jianfeng , Wang Shuliang , Liu Zhenyu , Wang Yashi , Wang Yingfei , Dang Yingxu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, the objective information will be depicted from the philosophical view, formal assumption, and mathematical model. It uses mathematical language to give a sextuple model of information, discusses the basic properties of information, makes the definition of information more rigorous and clearer, and analyzes information systems.
The fate of non-supersymmetric Gross-Neveu-Yukawa fixed point in two dimensions
Authors: Nakayama Yu , Kikuchi Ken 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We investigate the fate of the non-supersymmetric Gross-Neveu-Yukawa fixed point found by Fei et al. in 4 − ϵ dimensions with a two-component Majorana fermion continued to two dimensions. Assuming that it is a fermionic minimal model which possesses a chiral ℤ2 symmetry (in addition to fermion number parity) and just two relevant singlet operators, we can zero in on four candidates. Assuming further that the least relevant deformation leads to the supersymmetric Gross-Neveu-Yukawa fixed point (i.e. fermionic tricritical Ising model), we can rule out two of them by matching the spin contents of the preserved topological defect lines. The final candidates are the fermionic (11, 4) minimal model if it is non-unitary, and the fermionic (E6, A10) minimal model if it is unitary. If we further use a constraint from the double braiding relation proposed by one of the authors, the former scenario is preferable.
Fixed Points and Common Fixed Points for Orbit-Nonexpansive Mappings in Metric Spaces
Authors: Espínola Rafael , Japón Maria , Souza Daniel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce an interlacing condition on the elements of a family of operators that allows us to gather together a number of results on fixed points and common fixed points for single and families of mappings defined on metric spaces. The innovative concept studied here deals with nonexpansivity conditions with respect to orbits and under assumptions that only depend on the features of the closed balls of the metric space.
Large gap asymptotics on annuli in the random normal matrix model
Authors: Charlier Christophe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe consider a two-dimensional determinantal point process arising in the random normal matrix model and which is a two-parameter generalization of the complex Ginibre point process. In this paper, we prove that the probability that no points lie on any number of annuli centered at 0 satisfies large n asymptotics of the form $$\begin{aligned} \exp \Bigg ( C_{1} n^{2} + C_{2} n \log n + C_{3} n + C_{4} \sqrt{n} + C_{5}\log n + C_{6} + {\mathcal {F}}_{n} + \mathcal {O}\Big ( n^{-\frac{1}{12}}\Big )\Bigg ), \end{aligned}$$

exp

(

C
1

n
2

+

C
2

n
log
n
+

C
3

n
+

C
4

n

+

C
5

log
n
+

C
6

+

F
n

+
O

(

n

-

1
12

)

)

,

where n is the number of points of the process. We determine the constants $$C_{1},\ldots ,C_{6}$$

C
1

,
…
,

C
6

explicitly, as well as the oscillatory term $${\mathcal {F}}_{n}$$

F
n

which is of order 1. We also allow one annulus to be a disk, and one annulus to be unbounded. For the complex Ginibre point process, we improve on the best known results: (i) when the hole region is a disk, only $$C_{1},\ldots ,C_{4}$$

C
1

,
…
,

C
4

were previously known, (ii) when the hole region is an unbounded annulus, only $$C_{1},C_{2},C_{3}$$

C
1

,

C
2

,

C
3

were previously known, and (iii) when the hole region is a regular annulus in the bulk, only $$C_{1}$$

C
1

was previously known. For general values of our parameters, even $$C_{1}$$

C
1

is new. A main discovery of this work is that $${\mathcal {F}}_{n}$$

F
n

is given in terms of the Jacobi theta function. As far as we know this is the first time this function appears in a large gap problem of a two-dimensional point process.
Design of a printed electrochemical strip towards miRNA-21 detection in urine samples: optimization of the experimental procedures for real sample application
Authors: Cimmino Wanda , Migliorelli Davide , Singh Sima , Miglione Antonella , Generelli Silvia , Cinti Stefano 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are clinical biomarkers for various human diseases, including cancer. They have been found in liquid biopsy samples, including various bodily fluids. They often play an important role in the early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer, and the development of simple and effective analytical methods would be of pivotal importance for the entire community. The determination of these targets may be affected by the different physicochemical parameters of the specimen of interest. In this work, an electrochemical detection platform for miRNA based on a screen-printed gold electrode was developed. In the present study, miRNA-21 was selected as a model sequence, due to its role in prostate, breast, colon, pancreatic, and liver cancers. A DNA sequence modified with methylene blue (MB) was covalently bound to the electrochemical strip and used to detect the selected target miRNA-21. After optimization of selected parameters in standard solutions, including the study of the effect of pH, the presence of interferent species, and NaCl salt concentration in the background, the application of square-wave voltammetry (SWV) technique allowed the detection of miRNA-21 down to a limit in the order of 2 nM. The developed device was then applied to several urine samples. In this case too, the device showed high selectivity in the presence of the complex matrix, satisfactory repeatability, and a limit of detection in the order of magnitude of nM, similarly as what observed in standard solutions.
Nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis: a bridge between the basal ganglia and cerebellum for movement control
Authors: Gibson Alan R. , Horn Kris M. , Pong Milton 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNeural processing in the basal ganglia is critical for normal movement. Diseases of the basal ganglia, such as Parkinson’s disease, produce a variety of movement disorders including akinesia and bradykinesia. Many believe that the basal ganglia influence movement via thalamic projections to motor areas of the cerebral cortex and through projections to the cerebellum, which also projects to the motor cortex via the thalamus. However, lesions that interrupt these thalamic pathways to the cortex have little effect on many movements, including limb movements. Yet, limb movements are severely impaired by basal ganglia disease or damage to the cerebellum. We can explain this impairment as well as the mild effects of thalamic lesions if basal ganglia and cerebellar output reach brainstem motor regions without passing through the thalamus. In this report, we describe several brainstem pathways that connect basal ganglia output to the cerebellum via nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP). Additionally, we propose that widespread afferent and efferent connections of NRTP with the cerebellum could integrate processing across cerebellar regions. The basal ganglia could then alter movements via descending projections of the cerebellum. Pathways through NRTP are important for the control of normal movement and may underlie deficits associated with basal ganglia disease.
Identification of volatile biomarkers of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in vaginal discharge and urine
Authors: Rubio-Sánchez Ricardo , Ríos-Reina Rocío , Ubeda Cristina 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Trichomoniasis, a disease caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection worldwide. The importance of its diagnosis lies in its ease of transmission and the absence of symptoms in most cases, as occurs in men, which have a significant role as asymptomatic carriers. The most widely used diagnostic methods are the fresh examination of vaginal or urethral secretions and molecular techniques. However, as they have some disadvantages and, sometimes, low sensitivity, new trichomoniasis diagnostic methods are necessary. Volatile organic compounds in clinical samples are effective in the diagnosis of different diseases. This work aimed to study, for the first time, those present in vaginal discharge and urine of patients with Trichomonas vaginalis infection to look for volatile biomarkers. The results showed that volatile compounds such as 2-methyl-1-propanol and cyclohexanone could serve as biomarkers in vaginal discharge samples, as well as 2-octen-1-ol and 3-nonanone in urine. Moreover, 3-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylpentyl 2-methylpropanoate found in vaginal discharge, highly correlated to positive patients, is also highly related to urines of patients with trichomoniasis. The biomarkers described in this study might be a promising diagnostic tool.

Key Points
• The incidence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection is increasing
• Trichomonas vaginalis VOC study in vaginal discharge and urine was performed
• The identification of volatile biomarkers could allow a new diagnostic method