bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community-based counselling programme for pregnant women with alcohol problems in Cape Town, South Africa: a qualitative study of the views of pregnant women and healthcare professionals
Authors: Petersen Williams Petal , Erasmus Jodilee , Myers Bronwyn , Nadkarni Abhijit , Fuhr Daniela C. 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionSouth Africa lacks services to detect and address alcohol use during pregnancy, particularly outside of health-care facilities. This study aimed to explore pregnant women and healthcare providers’ perceptions of the acceptability, feasibility and appeal of a community-based counselling programme for pregnant women with alcohol problems.MethodsTwenty-eight in-depth interviews with pregnant women who drink, Community Health Workers (CHWs) and antenatal service providers were conducted. Transcribed interviews were analyzed thematically using a combined deductive and inductive approach.ResultsWomen reported feeling uncomfortable seeking help for their alcohol use at antenatal clinics, limiting usefulness of current support services. All stakeholders perceived a community-based intervention to be acceptable and feasible as it could be integrated with other CHW-delivered services. Participants thought an intervention should facilitate early linkage to antenatal services and should include partners or family members. The feasibility of an intervention may depend on the relationship between CHWs and clinic-based antenatal staff, and their relationships with pregnant women. Clinic and community challenges to implementation were raised. Clinic-level challenges included shortage of space, staff capacity, high number of pregnant women, long waiting times, financial burden of having to travel to a clinic, lack of comfort and privacy and staff attitudes. Community-level challenges included crime, lack of privacy, lack of attention given competing interests in the home, fear due to abuse, and stigma and discrimination from other community members. Suggestions for overcoming these challenges were provided.ConclusionFindings provide essential information to facilitate the adaptation of a community-based alcohol counselling programme for greater acceptability, feasibility and cultural appropriateness for the South African context. Intensive training, supervision and support is required to ensure the programme is delivered as planned.
A spatiotemporal analysis of the association between carbon productivity, socioeconomics, medical resources and cardiovascular diseases in southeast rural China
Authors: Tang Xuwei , Zhan Zhi-Ying , Rao Zhixiang , Fang Haiyin , Jiang Jian , Hu Xiangju , Hu Zhijian 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionWith China’s rapid industrialization and urbanization, China has been increasing its carbon productivity annually. Understanding the association between carbon productivity, socioeconomics, and medical resources with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) may help reduce CVDs burden. However, relevant studies are limited.ObjectivesThe study aimed to describe the temporal and spatial distribution pattern of CVDs hospitalization in southeast rural China and to explore its influencing factors.MethodsIn this study, 1,925,129 hospitalization records of rural residents in southeast China with CVDs were analyzed from the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS). The spatial distribution patterns were explored using Global Moran’s I and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA). The relationships with influencing factors were detected using both a geographically and temporally weighted regression model (GTWR) and multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR).ResultsIn southeast China, rural inpatients with CVDs increased by 95.29% from 2010 to 2016. The main groups affected were elderly and women, with essential hypertension (26.06%), cerebral infarction (17.97%), and chronic ischemic heart disease (13.81%) being the leading CVD subtypes. The results of LISA shows that central and midwestern counties, including Meilie, Sanyuan, Mingxi, Jiangle, and Shaxian, showed a high-high cluster pattern of CVDs hospitalization rates. Negative associations were observed between CVDs hospitalization rates and carbon productivity, and positive associations with per capita GDP and hospital beds in most counties (p &lt; 0.05). The association between CVDs hospitalization rates and carbon productivity and per capita GDP was stronger in central and midwestern counties, while the relationship with hospital bed resources was stronger in northern counties.ConclusionRural hospitalizations for CVDs have increased dramatically, with spatial heterogeneity observed in hospitalization rates. Negative associations were found with carbon productivity, and positive associations with socioeconomic status and medical resources. Based on our findings, we recommend low-carbon development, use of carbon productivity as an environmental health metric, and rational allocation of medical resources in rural China.
Specific challenges posed by artificial intelligence in research ethics
Authors: Bouhouita-Guermech Sarah , Gogognon Patrick , Bélisle-Pipon Jean-Christophe 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThe twenty first century is often defined as the era of Artificial Intelligence (AI), which raises many questions regarding its impact on society. It is already significantly changing many practices in different fields. Research ethics (RE) is no exception. Many challenges, including responsibility, privacy, and transparency, are encountered. Research ethics boards (REB) have been established to ensure that ethical practices are adequately followed during research projects. This scoping review aims to bring out the challenges of AI in research ethics and to investigate if REBs are equipped to evaluate them.MethodsThree electronic databases were selected to collect peer-reviewed articles that fit the inclusion criteria (English or French, published between 2016 and 2021, containing AI, RE, and REB). Two instigators independently reviewed each piece by screening with Covidence and then coding with NVivo.ResultsFrom having a total of 657 articles to review, we were left with a final sample of 28 relevant papers for our scoping review. The selected literature described AI in research ethics (i.e., views on current guidelines, key ethical concept and approaches, key issues of the current state of AI-specific RE guidelines) and REBs regarding AI (i.e., their roles, scope and approaches, key practices and processes, limitations and challenges, stakeholder perceptions). However, the literature often described REBs ethical assessment practices of projects in AI research as lacking knowledge and tools.ConclusionEthical reflections are taking a step forward while normative guidelines adaptation to AI's reality is still dawdling. This impacts REBs and most stakeholders involved with AI. Indeed, REBs are not equipped enough to adequately evaluate AI research ethics and require standard guidelines to help them do so.
Modification of surface glycan by expression of beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase (B4GALNT2) confers resistance to multiple viruses infection in chicken fibroblast cell
Authors: Park Jin Se , Woo Seung Je , Song Chang Seon , Han Jae Yong 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionInfectious viruses in poultry, such as avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), are one of the most major threats to the poultry industry, resulting in enormous economic losses. AIVs and NDVs preferentially recognize α-2,3-linked sialic acid to bind to target cells. The human beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4GALNT2) modifies α-2,3-linked sialic acid-containing glycan by transferring N-acetylgalactosamine to the sub-terminal galactose of the glycan, thus playing a pivotal role in preventing viruses from binding to cell surfaces. However, chickens lack a homolog of the B4GALNT2 gene.MethodsHere, we precisely tagged the human B4GALNT2 gene downstream of the chicken GAPDH so that the engineered cells constitutively express the human B4GALNT2. We performed a lectin binding assay to analyze the modification of α-2,3-linked sialic acid-containing glycan by human B4GALNT2. Additionally, we infected the cells with AIV and NDV and compared cell survivability, viral gene transcription, and viral titer using the WST-1 assay, RT-qPCR and TCID50 assay, respectively.ResultsWe validated human B4GALNT2 successfully modified α-2,3-linked sialic acid-containing glycan in chicken DF-1 cells. Following viral infection, we showed that human B4GALNT2 reduced infection of two AIV subtypes and NDV at 12-, 24-, and 36-hours post-infection. Moreover, cells expressing human B4GALNT2 showed significantly higher cell survivability compared to wild-type DF-1 cells, and viral gene expression was significantly reduced in the cells expressing human B4GALNT2.DiscussionCollectively, these results suggest that artificially expressing human B4GALNT2 in chicken is a promising strategy to acquire broad resistance against infectious viruses with a preference for α-2,3-linked sialic acids such as AIV and NDV.
GATA-3 expression and its correlation with prognostic factors and survival in canine mammary tumors
Authors: Diniz-Gonçalves Gabriel Saraiva , Hielm-Björkman Anna , da Silva Vanessa Bonfim , Ribeiro Lorena Gabriela Rocha , da Costa Vieira-Filho Carlos Humberto , Silva Laís Pereira , Barrouin-Melo Stella Maria , Cassali Geovanni Dantas , Damasceno Karine Araújo , Estrela-Lima Alessandra 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionThe transcription factor GATA-3 plays a significant role in mammary gland development and differentiation. Recent studies on human oncology have demonstrated its association with favorable pathologic factors in breast cancer. Canine mammary tumours, proposed as comparative and translational study models, have epidemiological, clinical, biological, and genetic characteristics similar to those of human breast cancers.MethodsHere, we evaluated the frequency of GATA-3 expression in mammary tumors of dogs and its relationship with prognostic factors and survival. Tumor samples were obtained from 40 female dogs and grouped according to histological type into benign tumors (n = 10), carcinoma in mixed tumors (CMTs) (n = 20), and aggressive tumors (n = 10). CMTs were further separated according to histological grade, and data on clinical staging and diagnosis, histopathological grading, and survival rate were collected.ResultsGATA-3 and estrogen receptor (ER) expression were higher in benign and well-differentiated carcinomas than in aggressive tumors, which showed greater Ki-67 expression. The expression rate of ER in the studied groups was equivalent to that of GATA-3. We identified a strong positive correlation between GATA-3 and ER expression frequencies and a negative correlation between those of GATA-3 and Ki-67. There were associations between GATA-3 (p &lt; 0.001), Ki-67 (p = 0.003), tumor size (p &lt; 0.001), clinical stage (p = 0.002), lymph node metastasis (p &lt; 0.001), and histological grade (p &lt; 0.001) by univariate survival analysis. The parameters ER (p = 0.015) and GATA-3 (p = 0.005) also influenced survival in a multifactorial manner.DiscussionKaplan–Meier analysis of survival curves validated our previous findings that dogs with GATA-3 expression in ≥79.4% of cells had significantly higher survival rates (p &lt; 0.001). The performance analysis showed that the expression of GATA-3 in ≥79.4% of cells effectively predicted survival or death in dogs with mammary tumors. Collectively, these results suggest that GATA-3 can be a relevant marker in the study of mammary tumor progression and has potential as a prognosis marker for predicting outcomes in canine mammary tumors.
Spirometry services in England post-pandemic and the potential role of AI support software: a qualitative study of challenges and opportunities
Authors: Doe Gillian , Taylor Stephanie JC , Topalovic Marko , Russell Richard , Evans Rachael A , Maes Julie , Van Orshovon Karolien , Sunjaya Anthony , Scott David , Prevost A Toby , El-Emir Ethaar , Harvey Jennifer , Hopkinson Nicholas S , Kon Samantha S , Patel Suhani , Jarrold Ian , Spain Nanette , Man William D-C , Hutchinson Ann 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundSpirometry services to diagnose and monitor lung disease in primary care were identified as a priority in the NHS Long Term Plan, and are restarting post-COVID-19 pandemic in England; however, evidence regarding best practice is limited.AimTo explore perspectives on spirometry provision in primary care, and the potential for artificial intelligence (AI) decision support software to aid quality and interpretation.Design and settingSemi-structured interviews with stakeholders in spirometry services across England.MethodParticipants were recruited by snowball sampling. Interviews explored the pre- pandemic delivery of spirometry, restarting of services, and perceptions of the role of AI. Transcripts were analysed thematically.ResultsIn total, 28 participants (mean years’ clinical experience = 21.6 [standard deviation 9.4, range 3–40]) were interviewed between April and June 2022. Participants included clinicians (n= 25) and commissioners (n= 3); eight held regional and/or national respiratory network advisory roles. Four themes were identified: 1) historical challenges in provision of spirometry services; 2) inequity in post- pandemic spirometry provision and challenges to restarting spirometry in primary care; 3) future delivery closer to patients’ homes by appropriately trained staff; and 4) the potential for AI to have supportive roles in spirometry.ConclusionStakeholders highlighted historic challenges and the damaging effects of the pandemic contributing to inequity in provision of spirometry, which must be addressed. Overall, stakeholders were positive about the potential of AI to support clinicians in quality assessment and interpretation of spirometry. However, it was evident that validation of the software must be sufficiently robust for clinicians and healthcare commissioners to have trust in the process.
Locum doctors in English general practices: evidence from a national survey
Authors: Stringer Gemma , Ferguson Jane , Walshe Kieran , Grigoroglou Christos , Allen Thomas , Kontopantelis Evangelos , Ashcroft Darren M 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundLocum doctors give practices flexibility to deliver patient services but there are concerns about the impact of locum working on continuity of care, patient safety, team function, and cost.AimTo explore locum working in English general practices, and understand why and where locum doctors were needed and how they were engaged, supported, perceived, and managed.Design and settingAn online survey was sent to 3745 practices.MethodQuantitative responses were analysed using frequency tables,t-tests, and correlations. Free-text responses were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsIn total, 605 (16.2%) responses were returned between June and December 2021. Practices made frequent use of locums, preferring regular locums familiar with processes and patients. Disadvantages of agency locums included cost, lack of patient familiarity, and impact on continuity of care. Care provided by locums was generally viewed as the same but sometimes worse compared with permanent GPs. Some practices reported that locums did not always perform the full range of duties, resulting in increased workload for other staff. Practices were largely unfamiliar with national guidance for organisations engaging locums, and, although processes such as verifying documentation were conducted, far fewer responders reported providing feedback, support for revalidation, or professional development.ConclusionLocum working is an essential part of English general practice, but this research raises some concerns about the robustness of arrangements for locum working and the impact on quality and safety of care. Further research is needed about the clinical practice and performance of locums, and to explore how locum working can be organised in ways that assure safe and high-quality care.
Niveles de apropiación tecnológica y el rendimiento académico en una institución educativa peruana IES Agropecuario de Coasa
Authors: Santos Mamani Melo 
Published: July 2023

El uso de la tecnología en el campo educativo tiene una marcada relación con el desempeño académico de los estudiantes. Por ello, la investigación tuvo como objetivo establecer la relación entre la apropiación tecnológica y el rendimiento académico en estudiantes del IES Agropecuario de Coasa. Para lo cual, se realizó un estudio correlacional con una muestra de 154 estudiantes y la técnica de la encuesta y de instrumento el cuestionario para la variable apropiación tecnológica se usó uno de 13 preguntas y para el rendimiento académico uno de 3 preguntas. La investigación encontró que la integración efectiva de la tecnología en el proceso de aprendizaje mejora el rendimiento académico. La adopción tecnológica y la adaptación también están relacionadas con un mejor rendimiento académico. Concluyendo que, la apropiación tecnológica efectiva se alcanza cuando el dispositivo móvil se convierte en una necesidad para el proceso de aprendizaje.
Perceptions of administrative policymaking authority: Evidence from interviews in three state court systems
Authors: Mark Alyx 
Published: July 2023

Two models, the hierarchical model and the local control model, drive the way we talk about the decisions court actors and judges make. However, neither considered in isolation is an adequate explanation of courts’ administrative policy choices during the Covid-19 pandemic. This paper explores how actors in state courts in the United States perceived and performed their policymaking capacity using elite interviews. It argues that considering features of both models provides a more nuanced explanation of the distribution of administrative authority in state courts. The interviews reveal that actors in court systems that both concentrate and distribute administrative authority behave in ways that contradict the prevailing explanatory model. The paper provides evidence of the value of recruiting and interviewing elites when researching court decision-making processes. This study contributes to our understanding of the consequences of centralized and decentralized administrative authority for court users.
PENGARUH KINERJA KEUANGAN MEMPREDIKSI PERTUMBUHAN LABA DENGAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI PADA PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN
Authors: Handayani Rini , Angela Aurora 
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of financial performance in forecasting profit growth for companies operating in the banking industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018-2020. All companies listed on the IDX served as the study population, and companies active in the banking industry listed on the IDX between 2018 and 2020 served as research samples. In this work, multiple linear regression and moderation regression analysis were used as test methodologies. Based on the results of tests conducted using SPSS, it was found that Company Size can strengthen the effect of Net Profit Margin, Capital Adequacy Ratio and Interest Risk Ratio on Profit Growth but Company Size cannot moderate the effect of Non-Performing Loans on Profit Growth.
Keywords: NPM, CAR, NPL, IRR, Company Size, Profit Growth
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Produksi Telur Ayam Ras
Authors: Ginting Nina Maksimiliana , Andari Gardis , Nurliah Nurliah 
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi peternak telur ayam ras. Tempat penelitian dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive) di Distrik Merauke. Populasi sebanyak 34 peternak dan pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan purposive sampling sebanyak 13 peternak ayam ras. Analisis data digunakan dengan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan R square sebesar 98,2% di artikan bahwa 98,2% faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi peternak telur ayam ras di Distrik Merauke dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel yang terdiri dari jumlah bibit, jumlah pakan, jumlah tenaga kerja. Secara simultan uji F sebesar 0,000. Artinya bahwa nilai signifikan kurang dari 0,05 (0,000 < 0,05) yang berarti variabel jumlah bibit, jumlah pakan, jumlah tenaga kerja secara simultan atau bersamaan berpengaruh terhadap produksi peternak telur ayam ras. Secara parsial pada uji t, hanya jumlah bibit yang berpengaruh terhadap produksi ayam ras sedangkan jumlah pakan dan tenaga kerja tidak berpengaruh terhadap produksi.
A Case Report on Abdominal Cocoon Syndrome
Authors: Rauf Sidra , Akhtar Fahad , Farrukh Kanza , Noor Aiman , Mehmood Manzer 
Published: July 2023

Abdominal cocoon syndrome (ACS) is encapsulation of the abdominal organs by thick fibro-collagenous material forming cocoons. On the basis of the part of abdominal organ encapsulated, ACS is classified into three types. Patients with this condition usually present with intestinal obstruction. We present a case who presented to us with features of intestinal obstruction and was diagnosed as a rare case of abdominal cocoon syndrome on CT scan. He was managed operatively where adhenolysis was performed and patient had uneventful recovery. CT scan is found to be the investigation of choice. Laparotomy with excision of membrane overlying bowel loops is the treatment most commonly adopted by surgeons and it has satisfactory results.
Key words: Cocoon syndrome, Computed tomography, Intestinal obstruction.
Infrared absorption suppressed terahertz metamaterial absorber
Authors: Weng Jian-Hong , Li Zhi-Gang , Liu Fan , Zheng Fu , Wang Bo , Yao Xu-Ri , Liu Xue-Feng , Zhao Qing , Zhai Guang-Jie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Current terahertz metamaterial absorber (TMA) is easily disturbed by infrared (IR) radiation background in real applications. We present a TMA design method with the ability of IR absorption suppression, which uses the slit pattern on the metal surface to control the absorption spectrum. Experimental results show that the designed and processed TMA produces an absorption peak of more than 80% at the resonant frequency of 1.33 THz and achieves less than 3% absorption in IR bands above 12 THz. The photothermal conversion noise caused by IR absorption at room temperature can be decreased by 20.9 times compared with a previous design. We believe it provides new paths in the TMA research and is helpful for the development of high-sensitivity THz microbolometer.