bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of chest imaging in the diagnosis and management of patients with visceral leishmaniasis: A systematic review
Authors: Hailemariam Tesfahunegn , Mebratu Yonas , Andrias Tsion , Melkeneh Fikremariam , Abebe Abel , Mulualem Biruk , Abadi Zewdu , Desta Wazema , Bedasso Selamawit , Belay Fekadu , Sileshi Abibual , Desta Elilta , Velsaquez-Botero Felipe , Birhane Rahel , Marinucci Francesco , Manyazewal Tsegahun 
Published: May 2023

Objectives: Visceral leishmaniasis remains a deadly parasitic disease with diagnostic complexities. Currently, point-of-care chest imaging is gaining momentum in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. Respiratory symptoms are common in visceral leishmaniasis. Here we aimed to systematically synthesize the evidence on the utility of chest imaging on the diagnosis and management of patients with visceral leishmaniasis. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases for studies reporting chest imaging findings in patients with visceral leishmaniasis, published in English from database inception to November 2022. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists to evaluate the risk of bias. The protocol of this systematic review was registered with the Open Science Framework: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/XP24W . Results: Of 1792 studies initially retrieved, 17 studies with 59 participants were included. Of the 59 patients, 51% (30) had respiratory symptoms and 20% (12) were human immunodeficiency virus co-infected. Chest X-ray, high-resolution computed tomography, and chest ultrasound findings were available for 95% (56), 93% (55), and 2% (1) of the patients, respectively. The most common findings were pleural effusion (20%; 12), reticular opacities (14%; 8), ground-glass opacities (12%; 7), and mediastinal lymphadenopathies (10%; 6). High-resolution computed tomography was more sensitive than chest X-ray and detected lesions that were lost on chest X-ray, 62% (37) versus 29% (17). In almost all cases, regression of the lesions was observed with treatment. Microscopy of pleural or lung biopsy detected amastigotes. Polymerase chain reaction yield was better in pleural and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. A parasitological diagnosis from pleural and pericardial fluid was possible in AIDS patients. Overall, the risk of bias was low. Conclusions: Visceral leishmaniasis patients frequently had abnormal findings on high-resolution computed tomography. Chest ultrasound is a useful alternative in resource-limited settings to aid in diagnosis and subsequent treatment follow-up, especially when routine tests yield negative results despite clinical suspicion.
Design suggestions for a persuasive e-coaching application: A study on informal caregivers’ needs
Authors: Premanandan Shweta , Ahmad Awais , Cajander Åsa , Ågerfalk Pär , van Gemert-Pijnen Lisette 
Published: May 2023

Objective Informal caregivers such as relatives or close friends of patients are essential for caregiving at home. However, caregiving is a complex experience that may affect the caregivers’ well-being. Therefore, there is a need to provide support for caregivers, which we address in this article by proposing design suggestions for an e-coaching application. This study identifies the unmet needs of caregivers in Sweden and provides design suggestions for an e-coaching application using the persuasive system design (PSD) model. The PSD model offers a systematic approach to designing IT interventions. Methods A qualitative research design was used, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 informal caregivers from different municipalities in Sweden. A thematic analysis was performed to analyze the data. The PSD model was used to map the needs emerging from this analysis to propose design suggestions for an e-coaching application for caregivers. Results Six needs were identified, and based on them, we proposed design suggestions for an e-coaching application using the PSD model. These unmet needs are monitoring and guidance, assistance to avail formal care services, access to practical information without being overwhelmed, feeling of community, access to informal support, and grief acceptance. The last two needs could not be mapped using the existing PSD model, resulting in an extended PSD model. Conclusion This study revealed the important needs of informal caregivers based on which design suggestions for an e-coaching application were presented. We also proposed an adapted PSD model. This adapted PSD model can be further used for designing digital interventions in caregiving.
Determinants of door-in-door-out time in patients with ischaemic stroke transferred for endovascular thrombectomy
Authors: van de Wijdeven Ruben M , Duvekot Martijne HC , van der Geest Patrick J , Moudrous Walid , Dorresteijn Kirsten RIS , Wijnhoud Annemarie D , Mulder Laus JMM , Alblas Kees CL , Asahaad Nabil , Kerkhoff Henk , Dippel Diederik WJ , Roozenbeek Bob 
Published: May 2023

Background: Long door-in-door-out (DIDO) times are an important cause of treatment delay in patients transferred for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) from primary stroke centres (PSC) to an intervention centre. Insight in causes of prolonged DIDO times may facilitate process improvement interventions. We aimed to quantify different components of DIDO time and to identify determinants of DIDO time. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study in a Dutch ambulance region consisting of six PSCs and one intervention centre. We included consecutive adult patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion, transferred from a PSC for EVT between October 1, 2019 and November 31, 2020. We subdivided DIDO into several time components and quantified contribution of these components to DIDO time. We used univariable and multivariable linear regression models to explore associations between potential determinants and DIDO time. Results: We included 133 patients. Median (IQR) DIDO time was 66 (52–83) min. The longest component was CTA-to-ambulance notification time with a median (IQR) of 24 (16–37) min. DIDO time increased with age (6 min per 10 years, 95% CI: 2–9), onset-to-door time outside 6 h (20 min, 95% CI: 5–35), M2-segment occlusion (15 min, 95% CI: 4–26) and right-sided ischaemia (12 min, 95% CI: 2–21). Conclusions: The CTA-to-ambulance notification time is the largest contributor to DIDO time. Higher age, onset-to-door time longer than 6 h, M2-segment occlusion and right-sided occlusions are independently associated with a longer DIDO time. Future interventions that aim to decrease DIDO time should take these findings into account.
Generation and Evolution of Cavitation Bubbles in Volume Alternate Cavitation (VAC)
Authors: Chen Shangshuang , Wang Yun , Li Fuzhu , Xue Shenwei , Xu Zhenying , Yu Chao , Zhang Kun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCavitation generation methods have been used in multifarious directions because of their diversity, and numerous studies and discussions have been conducted on cavitation generation methods. This study aims to explore the generating mechanism and evolution law of volume alternate cavitation (VAC). In the VAC, liquid water is placed in an airtight container with a variable volume. As the volume alternately changes, the liquid water inside the container continues to cavitate. Then, the mixture turbulence model and in-cylinder dynamic grid model are adopted to conduct computational fluid dynamics simulation of volume alternate cavitation. In the simulation, the cloud images at seven heights on the central axis are monitored, and the phenomenon and mechanism of height and eccentricity are analyzed in detail. By employing the cavitation flow visualization method, the generating mechanism and evolution law of cavitation are revealed. The synergistic effects of experiments and high-speed camera capturing confirm the correctness of the simulation results. In the experiment, the volume change stroke of the airtight container is set to 20 mm, the volume change frequency is 18 Hz, and the shooting frequency of the high-speed camera is set to 10000 FPS. The experimental results indicate that the position of the cavitation phenomenon has a reasonable law during the whole evolution cycle of the cavitation cloud. Also, the volume alternation cycle corresponds to the generation, development, and collapse stages of cavitation bubbles.
Shape Memory Polymer Composite Booms with Applications in Reel-Type Solar Arrays
Authors: Xiao Hong , Wu Sijie , Xie Dongdong , Guo Hongwei , Ma Li , Wei Yuxuan , Liu Rongqiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSolar arrays are the primary energy source for spacecraft. Although traditional rigid solar arrays improve power supply, the quality increases proportionally. Hence, it is difficult to satisfy the requirements of high-power and low-cost space applications. In this study, a shape-memory polymer composite (SMPC) boom was designed, fabricated, and characterized for flexible reel-type solar arrays. The SMPC boom was fabricated from a smart material, a shape-memory polymer composite, whose mechanical properties were tested. Additionally, a mathematical model of the bending stiffness of the SMPC boom was developed, and the bending and buckling behaviors of the boom were further analyzed using the ABAQUS software. An SMPC boom was fabricated to demonstrate its shape memory characteristics, and the driving force of the booms with varying geometric parameters was investigated. We also designed and manufactured a reel-type solar array based on an SMPC boom and verified its self-deployment capability. The results indicated that the SMPC boom can be used as a deployable unit to roll out flexible solar arrays.
Liver failure as the initial presentation in cancer of unknown primary: a case report
Authors: Qin Lisha , Tian Shan , Yang Lian , Fan Jun , Zhang Jianchu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Liver failure is severe hepatic cellular damage caused by multiple factors that leads to clinical manifestations. Hepatic infiltration by malignancy is rarely reported as a cause of liver failure.

Case presentation
A 51-year-old male patient was admitted to the Wuhan Union Hospital complaining of bloating and jaundice. He had been diagnosed with polymyositis ten prior and was taking oral glucocorticoids. Physical examination revealed seroperitoneum and icteric sclera; laboratory tests revealed liver dysfunction, a coagulopathy, and negative results for the common causes of liver failure. Moreover, an ascitic tap and bone marrow aspirate and trephine confirmed a metastatic, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. These findings indicate that malignant infiltration is the most likely cause of liver failure. Regrettably, the patient refused complete liver and lymph node biopsies and was discharged on day 31.

Conclusion
Clinicians should consider the possibility of malignant infiltration when approaching a case of liver failure with prodromal symptoms or imaging abnormalities, especially in patients with autoimmune diseases, such as polymyositis.
Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on obesity and its risk factors: a systematic review
Authors: Nour Tahir Yousuf , ALTINTAŞ Kerim Hakan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by the severe acute new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. Devastating social, economic, and health service utilisation-related activities. Increased burden and lifestyle changes due to confinement.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate and determine the determinants of obesity during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic from 2019 to 2023.MethodsObservational studies published between December 2019 and January 2023 were thoroughly searched using a PRISMA flow chart. PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, HINARI, Scopus, and Embase databases were used. Two reviewers independently identified and critically evaluated the relevant literature. Studies that reported weight gain or involved BMI measurements of 25 kg/m2 or BMI z-scores for children during the COVID-19 lockdown were selected for inclusion. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used as a quality assessment instrument in nonrandomised studies to evaluate study quality. All the contributing determinants of weight increase were identified, gathered, and synthesised.ResultsThis systematic review identified 40 studies with a total population of 5,681,813 from 22 countries, of which 74.6% were male. The sample size from included articles ranged from 37 to 5,315,435. Of the 40 selected articles, 24 focused on adults, five on adolescents, three on children, and eight on children and adolescents. Physical inactivity, sedentary behaviour, bad eating habits, behavioural lifestyle, excessive stress, depression, anxiety, behavioural risk factors, sex, and ethnic minorities were associated with obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle, and poor eating patterns were the most common risk factors for obesity. Additionally, unhealthy eating habits, excessive behavioural stress, depression, anxiety, low mood, age, gender, and ethnic minorities have been identified as risk factors for obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Experiences of violence during the COVID-19 pandemic among people who use drugs in a Canadian setting: a gender-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Swaich Anmol , Richardson Lindsey , Cui Zishan , DeBeck Kora , Milloy M-J , Kerr Thomas , Hayashi Kanna 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives
People who use drugs (PWUD) experience disproportionately high rates of violent victimization. Emerging research has demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated violence against some priority populations (e.g., women), however there is limited research examining the impact of the pandemic on the experiences of violence of PWUD.

Methods
Using data collected between July and November 2020 from three prospective cohort studies of PWUD in Vancouver, Canada, we employed multivariable logistic regression stratified by gender to identify factors associated with recent experiences of violence, including the receipt of COVID-19 emergency income support.

Results
In total, 77 (17.3%) of 446 men, and 54 (18.8%) of 288 women experienced violence in the previous six months. Further, 33% of men and 48% of women who experienced violence reported that their experience of violence was intensified since the COVID-19 pandemic began. In the multivariable analyses, sex work (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 2.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–4.35) and moderate to severe anxiety or depression (AOR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.37–6.57) were associated with experiencing violence among women. Among men, drug dealing (AOR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.10–3.38), street-based income sources (AOR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.10–3.38), homelessness (AOR = 2.54, 95%CI: 1.40–4.62), and regular employment (AOR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.75–5.04) were associated with experiencing violence.

Conclusion
Our study results suggest economic conditions and gender were major factors associated with experiencing violence among our sample of PWUD during COVID-19. These findings highlight criminalization of drug use and widespread socioeconomic challenges as barriers to addressing violence among PWUD during periods of crisis.
Predictors of desire to limit childbearing among reproductive age women in high fertility regions in Ethiopia. A multilevel mixed effect analysis
Authors: Negash Wubshet Debebe , Belachew Tadele Biresaw , Asmamaw Desale Bihonegn , Bitew Desalegn Anmut 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundA high fertility rate can have a number of expensive consequences for developing nations, such as limiting economic growth, adversely impacting women and their children’s health, and reducing access to quality education, nutrition, and employment. The problem is more obvious in Ethipia’s high fertility regions. Therefore, this study aimed to assess predictors of desire to limit childbearing among reproductive age women in high fertility regions in Ethiopia.MethodsThe analysis was based on secondary data using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Stata version 14 software was used for analysis. A multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was fitted. Adjusted Odds Ratio at 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength and direction of the association. Statistical significance was declared at aP-value less than 0.05.ResultsThe overall desire to limit childbearing in high fertility regions in Ethiopia was 37.7% (95% CI: 36.28, 39.17). Age; 25–34 (AOR = 3.74; 95% CI: 2.97, 4.73), 35–49 years (AOR = 14; 95% CI: 10.85, 18.06), women education; Primary education (AOR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.88), secondary and higher (AOR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.43), from the community level variables Oromia National Regional state (AOR = 5.86; 95% CI: 2.82, 12.23), high proportion of community level poverity (AOR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.98), and high proportion of community level media exposure (AOR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.19) were statistically significant factors for desire to limit childbearing in high fertility regions of Ethiopia.ConclusionNearly four in ten women had the desire to limit childbearing in high fertility regions in Ethiopia. Thus, to fulfill the women’s desire to limit childbearing, Ministry of Health and health facilities are needed to increase financial support strategies and Family planning programs that enable pregnant women from poor households to use health services. In addition, increasing community level media exposure are important interventions.
Socioeconomic and geographical inequalities in health care coverage in Mozambique: a repeated cross-sectional study of the 2015 and 2018 national surveys
Authors: Daca Chanvo S. L. , Sebastian Miguel San , Arnaldo Carlos , Schumann Barbara , Namatovu Fredinah 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Over the past years, Mozambique has implemented several initiatives to ensure equitable coverage to health care services. While there have been some achievements in health care coverage at the population level, the effects of these initiatives on social inequalities have not been analysed.

Objective
The present study aimed to assess changes in socioeconomic and geographical inequalities (education, wealth, region, place of residence) in health care coverage between 2015 and 2018 in Mozambique.

Methods
The study was based on repeated cross-sectional surveys from nationally representative samples: the Survey of Indicators on Immunisation, Malaria and HIV/AIDS in Mozambique (IMASIDA) 2015 and the 2018 Malaria Indicator survey. Data from women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years) were analysed to evaluate health care coverage of three indicators: insecticide-treated net use, fever treatment of children, and use of Fansidar malaria prophylaxis for pregnant women. Absolute risk differences and the slope index of inequality (SII) were calculated for the 2015 survey period and the 2018 survey period, respectively. An interaction term between the socioeconomic and geographical variables and the period was included to assess inequality changes between 2015 and 2018.

Results
The non-use of insecticide-treated nets dropped, whereas the proportion of women with children who were not treated for fever and the prevalence of women who did not take the full Fansidar dose during pregnancy decreased between 2015 and 2018. Significant reductions in the inequality related to insecticide-treated net use were observed for all socioeconomic variables. Concerning fever treatment, some reductions in socioeconomic inequalities were observed, though not statistically significant. For malaria prophylaxis, the SII was significant for education, wealth, and residence in both periods, but no significant inequality reductions were observed in any of these variables over time.

Conclusions
We observed significant reductions of socioeconomic inequalities in insecticide-treated net use, but not in fever treatment of children and Fansidar prophylaxis for pregnant women. Decision-makers should target underserved populations, specifically the non-educated, poor, and rural women, to address inequalities in health care coverage.
Factors associated with subclinical inflammation of wrist joints in rheumatoid arthritis patients with low or no disease activity- a RA ultrasound registry study
Authors: Wang Yu-Wei , Chen Jia-Feng , Ko Chi-Hua , Cheng Tien-Tsai , Chiu Wen-Chan , Yu Shan-Fu , Hsu Chung-Yuan , Chen Ying-Chou 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the factors to predict subclinical inflammation of wrist joints in patients with RA who are in clinical remission or low disease activity.

Methods
Gray scale and power Doppler ultrasound were performed on the dorsal radio-lunate of both wrists. The presence of synovitis, comorbidities, and use of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs were recorded. A Multivariable forward logistical regression model was used to identify factors associated with subclinical inflammation.

Results
There were 1248 patients (1010 females, 238 males; mean age: 60.0 ± 10.5 years ). 57.4% of patients in complete remission and low disease activity had sonographic inflammation. Multivariable forward logistic regression analysis indicated that male sex, smoking are positively associated with inflammation and that age, alcohol consumption, and use of methotrexate, glucocorticoid, or a biological therapy are negatively associated with inflammation. Use of biological agents decreased the risk of inflammation by 40.9%.

Conclusions
There was evidence of subclinical inflammation in most patients who were in low or no disease activity, those with biological therapy had lower risk of subclinical inflammation.
Evaluation of surface electromyography of selected neck muscles during the whiplash mechanism in aware and unaware conditions due to safe punching in kickboxing
Authors: Pashaei Mosa , Babakhani Farideh , Banihashemi Kambiz 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Kickboxing is considered as a combat sport in progress, in which injuries are frequent and significant, and close injury monitoring is highly recommended. Sports injuries to the head and neck are estimated to cause 70% deaths and 20% permanent disabilities although they are much less common than those to the limbs. Whiplash mechanism involves the rapid extension (opening) and flexion (bending) of neck. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the electromyographic activity of selected muscles in the whiplash mechanism in aware and unaware conditions of the safe punching in kickboxing so that we can design special exercises.

Method
In the present study, 24 male kickboxing athletes aged 18–40 years were selected based on a purposive sampling method. The surface electromyography (EMG) signals of muscles were recorded with and without awareness of safe punching by using a nine-channel wireless EMG device. Additionally, a nine-channel 3D inertial measurement unit (IMU, wireless,) was utilized to determine the acceleration, kinematics, and angular velocity of the subjects’ head. The statistical dependent t-test was applied to compare the EMG activity of each muscle, as well as its participation ratio.

Results
The results of statistical analysis represented a significant increase in the EMG activity of sternocleidomastoid (p = 0.001), upper trapezius (p = 0.001) and cervical erector spinae muscles (p = 0.001), as well as the neck extension and flexion angles between the athletes aware (open eyes) and unaware (closed eyes) of the safe punching.

Conclusion
In this study, the EMG activity of the sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, and cervical erector spine muscles in the aware condition was significantly different from the activity under unaware condition. In fact, the intended muscles exhibited significantly different behaviors in preventing extension and flexion in the two conditions.