bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost‐effectiveness of broadly neutralizing antibody prophylaxis for HIV‐exposed infants in sub‐Saharan African settings
Authors: Dugdale Caitlin M. , Ufio Ogochukwu , Alba Christopher , Permar Sallie R. , Stranix‐Chibanda Lynda , Cunningham Coleen K. , Fouda Genevieve G. , Myer Landon , Weinstein Milton C. , Leroy Valériane , McFarland Elizabeth J. , Freedberg Kenneth A. , Ciaranello Andrea L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionInfant HIV prophylaxis with broadly neutralizing anti‐HIV antibodies (bNAbs) could provide long‐acting protection against vertical transmission. We sought to estimate the potential clinical impact and cost‐effectiveness of hypothetical bNAb prophylaxis programmes for children known to be HIV exposed at birth in three sub‐Saharan African settings.MethodsWe conducted a cost‐effectiveness analysis using the CEPAC‐Pediatric model, simulating cohorts of infants from birth through death in Côte d'Ivoire, South Africa and Zimbabwe. These settings were selected to reflect a broad range of HIV care cascade characteristics, antenatal HIV prevalence and budgetary constraints. We modelled strategies targeting bNAbs to only WHO‐designated “high‐risk” HIV‐exposed infants (HR‐HIVE) or to all HIV‐exposed infants (HIVE). We compared four prophylaxis approaches within each target population: standard of care oral antiretroviral prophylaxis (SOC), andSOCplus bNAbs at birth (1‐dose), at birth and 3 months (2‐doses), or every 3 months throughout breastfeeding (Extended). Base‐case model inputs included bNAb efficacy (60%/dose), effect duration (3 months/dose) and costs ($60/dose), based on published literature. Outcomes included paediatric HIV incidence and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs) calculated from discounted life expectancy and lifetime HIV‐related costs.ResultsThe model projects that bNAbs would reduce absolute infant HIV incidence by 0.3–2.2% (9.6–34.9% relative reduction), varying by country, prophylaxis approach and target population. In all three settings,HR‐HIVE–1‐dosewould be cost‐saving compared toSOC. Using a 50% GDP per capita ICER threshold,HIVE‐Extendedwould be cost‐effective in all three settings with ICERs of $497/YLS in Côte d'Ivoire, $464/YLS in South Africa and $455/YLS in Zimbabwe. In all three settings, bNAb strategies would remain cost‐effective at costs up to $200/dose if efficacy is ≥30%. If the bNAb effect duration were reduced to 1 month, the cost‐effective strategy would becomeHR‐HIVE–1‐dosein Côte d'Ivoire and Zimbabwe andHR‐HIVE–2‐dosesin South Africa. Findings regarding the cost‐effectiveness of bNAb implementation strategies remained robust in sensitivity analyses regarding breastfeeding duration, maternal engagement in postpartum care, early infant diagnosis uptake and antiretroviral treatment costs.ConclusionsAt current efficacy and cost estimates, bNAb prophylaxis for HIV‐exposed children in sub‐Saharan African settings would be a cost‐effective intervention to reduce vertical HIV transmission.
A Faster Prostate MRI: Comparing a Novel Denoised, Single‐Average T2 Sequence to the Conventional Multiaverage T2 Sequence Regarding Lesion Detection and PI‐RADS Score Assessment
Authors: Kelleher Colm B. , Macdonald Jacob , Jaffe Tracy A. , Allen Brian C. , Kalisz Kevin R. , Kauffman Travis H. , Smith Jordan D. , Maurer Kimberly R. , Thomas Sarah P. , Coleman Aaron D. , Zaki Islam H. , Kannengiesser Stephan , Lafata Kyle , Gupta Rajan T. , Bashir Mustafa R. 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThe T2w sequence is a standard component of a prostate MRI examination; however, it is time‐consuming, requiring multiple signal averages to achieve acceptable image quality.Purpose/HypothesisTo determine whether a denoised, single‐average T2 sequence (T2‐R) is noninferior to the standard multiaverage T2 sequence (T2‐S) in terms of lesion detection and PI‐RADS score assessment.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 45 males (age range 60–75 years) who underwent clinically indicated prostate MRI examinations, 21 of whom had pathologically proven prostate cancer.Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T; T2w FSE, DWI with ADC maps, and dynamic contrast‐enhanced images with color‐coded perfusion maps. T2‐R images were created from the raw data utilizing a single “average” with iterative denoising.AssessmentNine readers randomly assessed complete exams including T2‐R and T2‐S images in separate sessions. PI‐RADS version 2.1 was used. All readers then compared the T2‐R and T2‐S images side by side to evaluate subjective preference. An additional detailed image quality assessment was performed by three senior level readers.Statistical TestsGeneralized linear mixed effects models for differences in lesion detection, image quality features, and overall preference between T2‐R and T2‐S sequences. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to assess reader agreement for all comparisons. A significance threshold of P = 0.05 was used for all statistical tests.ResultsThere was no significant difference between sequences regarding identification of lesions with PI‐RADS ≥3 (P = 0.10) or PI‐RADS score (P = 0.77). Reader agreement was excellent for lesion identification (ICC = 0.84). There was no significant overall preference between the two sequences regarding image quality (P = 0.07, 95% CI: [−0.23, 0.01]). Reader agreement was good regarding sequence preference (ICC = 0.62).Data ConclusionUse of single‐average, denoised T2‐weighted images was noninferior in prostate lesion detection or PI‐RADS scoring when compared to standard multiaverage T2‐weighted images.Evidence Level3.Technical EfficacyStage 3.
Change of the wintertime multidecadal land precipitation variability in the mid‐1970s in the observation and CMIP6 simulations
Authors: Chen Hua , Xu Zhenchen , Jiang Yeyan , Zhu Zhiwei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe wintertime multidecadal land precipitation (WMLP) variability is obtained using the ensemble empirical mode decomposition, and then the leading spatial pattern and temporal evolution of the WMLP in the northern hemisphere during the period of 1891–2014 are investigated. The time series shows a pronounced enhancement of the variability since the mid‐1970s, coincident with the 1976/1977 climate transition, with the variance increasing from 0.33 in the former period (P1) to 2.57 in the latter period (P2). The spatial structure in P2 resembles that in the entire period. The precipitation anomaly is positive in the North America between 30° and 50°N, South America and southern Europe; while it is negative in the southern North America, majority of Russia, Arabian Peninsula, Iran and South China. However, the spatial pattern in P1 differs from the entire period. An Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO)‐like sea surface temperature (SST) variability in cold phase and an Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)‐like SST variability in warm phase are associated with the leading mode of WMLP in P2 and the entire period. Yet, the relationship of IPO and AMO on the WMLP is barely found in P1. The in‐phase change of IPO and AMO in P1 may contribute to the smaller amplitude of WMLP variability in P1. In the end, the coupled models from CMIP6 historical runs are evaluated. The good‐models average is superior to any single good model in capturing the observed spatial features of WMLP in both P1 and P2. The poor‐models average performs better than any single poor model. Both good‐ and poor‐models averages are able to reproduce the IPO‐ and AMO‐like SST variabilities in P2.
Force‐amplifying implant to improve key pinch strength in tendon transfer surgery: Cadaver model proof‐of‐concept
Authors: Ling Hantao , Roberts Kai L. , Kao Dennis , Balasubramanian Ravi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe brachioradialis (BR) to flexor pollicis longus (FPL) tendon transfer surgery is a common procedure used to restore key pinch grip for incomplete spinal cord injury patients. However, the procedure only restores 22% of the physiological grip strength, which is important for successfully grasping objects and minimizing fatigue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of using a novel force‐amplifying pulley implant to modify the standard BR to FPL tendon transfer surgery to improve key pinch grip strength in a human cadaver forearm model. A total of eight cadaveric specimens were mounted onto a custom testbed where a torque‐controlled motor actuated the BR tendon to produce key pinch grip. In each cadaver, two experimental groups were examined: a standard and an implant‐modified BR to FPL tendon transfer surgery. A force sensor mounted to the thumb recorded isometric key pinch grip forces over a range of input BR forces (2 N–25 N) applied in a ramp‐and‐hold protocol. Across the range of input BR forces, the average improvement in key pinch grip strength in the implant‐modified surgery compared to the standard surgery was 58 ± 7.1% (ranging from 41% to 64% improvement). Throughout the experiments, we observed that the implant did not hinder the movement of the BR or FPL tendons. These results suggest that a BR to FPL tendon transfer surgery utilizing a force‐amplifying pulley implant to augment force transmission can provide additional functional strength restoration over the standard procedure that directly sutures two tendons together.
The influence of plant residues on soil aggregation and carbon content: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Husain Hana , Dijkstra Feike A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSoil aggregation and organic carbon (OC) content are important indicators of soil quality that can be improved with plant residue amendments. The extent of the effects of plant residue amendments on soil aggregation and OC content across different plant residue and soil types is not fully understood.AimIn this meta‐analysis, we evaluated the effects of plant residue amendments on soil aggregation and OC content for different plant residues (fresh, charred) and soil types varying in clay content, initial OC content, and pH.MethodsOur meta‐analysis included 50 published studies (total of 299 paired observations). We estimated the response ratios of mean weight diameter (MWD) and separate aggregate size classes, total soil OC (TSC), and aggregate‐associated OC. We also considered the effect of experimental factors (study duration, residue type, residue amount, initial soil OC, clay content, and pH).ResultsThe benefit of plant residue amendment on soil aggregation was larger in soils with initially low OC content and neutral pH. Initial soil OC content and pH were more important than soil clay content for OC storage in soil aggregates. Both fresh and charred plant residue amendments were effective in forming aggregates, whereas charred residues were more effective in increasing TSC. We found only a weak positive relationship between the response ratio of TSC and MWD indicating that other factors besides soil aggregation contributed to the increase in soil C storage.ConclusionsWhile plant residue amendments can enhance soil aggregation and TSC, these effects are likely governed by the type of plant residue and soil properties such as the initial soil pH and OC content.
Treatment and survival of patients with metachronous colorectal lung metastases
Authors: Hansdotter Pernilla , Scherman Peter , Nikberg Maziar , Petersen Sune H. , Holmberg Erik , Rizell Magnus , Naredi Peter , Syk Ingvar ,   The COLOFOL study group
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe lungs are the second most common site for metachronous metastases in colorectal cancer. No treatment algorithm is established, and the role of adjuvant chemotherapy is unclear. This study aimed to map pulmonary recurrences in a modern multimodal treated population, and to evaluate survival depending on management.MethodsRetrospective study based on the COLOFOL‐trial population of 2442 patients, radically resected for colorectal cancer stage II–III. All recurrences within 5 years were identified and medical records were scrutinized.ResultsOf 165 (6.8%) patients developing lung metastases as first recurrence, 89 (54%) were confined to the lungs. Potentially curative treatment was possible in 62 (37%) cases, of which 33 with surgery only and 29 with surgery and chemotherapy combined. The 5‐year overall survival (5‐year OS) for all lung recurrences was 28%. In patients treated with chemotherapy only the 5‐year OS was 7.5%, compared with 55% in patients treated with surgery, and 72% when surgery was combined with chemotherapy. Hazard ratio for mortality was 2.9 (95% confidence interval 1.40–6.10) for chemotherapy only compared to surgery.ConclusionA high proportion of metachronous lung metastases after colorectal surgery were possible to resect, yielding good survival. The combination of surgery and chemotherapy might be advantageous for survival.
Lycorine weakens tamoxifen resistance of breast cancer via abrogating HAGLR‐mediated epigenetic suppression on VGLL4 by DNMT1
Authors: Zhai Jing , Jiang Jun‐Feng , Shi Lei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMuch is known about the significance of lycorine, a natural alkaloid, in combating various types of cancer, including breast cancer (BC), but whether it participates in regulating tamoxifen (TAM) resistance and its underlying mechanism remain to be elucidated. Tamoxifen‐resistant (TAMR) BC cells were first established by continuously exposed to increasing concentrations of TAM. Levels of targeted gene including HOXD antisense growth‐associated lncRNA (HAGLR) and Vestigial like family member 4 (VGLL4) were analyzed by qRT‐PCR and western blot, respectively. Cell proliferation ability was assessed by MTT and EdU assays. Flow cytometry was carried out to evaluate the apoptosis. VGLL4 promoter methylation was examined using methylation specific PCR (MSP). The role of HAGLR acting on the expression of VGLL4 via DNA hypermethylation was confirmed by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). Here, we reported that lycorine administration reduced the survival ratio of TAMR BC cells, decreased the IC50 of TAM, and strengthened TAM‐induced apoptosis. HAGLR, observed to be highly expressed in TAMR BC cells, was identified to be a downstream effector of lycorine, of which overexpression abolished lycorine‐mediated TAMR inhibition. VGLL4 served as a target of HAGLR in regulating lycorine‐mediated suppression on tamoxifen resistance of TAMR BC cells. Mechanistically, HAGLR epigenetically suppressed VGLL4 expression via DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)‐mediated DNA hypermethylation. Taken together, our data highlights the pivotal role of lycorine in TAM resistance of BC, which may provide a potential agent for improving the effectiveness and efficacy of BC resistance.
Patient Reported Outcome Measures for Salivary Function: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gulati Arushi , Kidane Joseph , Chang Jolie L. 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveA number of patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) assess quality of life and symptom severity in patients with salivary gland dysfunction, but many vary in the extent of validation and domain types addressed. We identified PROMs validated to measure salivary gland function and analyzed key properties.Data SourcesPubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycInfo, and CINAHL.Review MethodsA systematic review was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Validated instruments with >1 item to assess salivary gland‐related symptoms were included. PROMs were evaluated for developmental methodology, structure, validity, and reliability using Consensus‐based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) criteria.ResultsA total of 2059 abstracts were retrieved, and 133 full‐text articles were reviewed. Sixteen PROMs assessing xerostomia (n = 7), sialadenitis (n = 4), Sjogren's syndrome (n = 2), Parkinson's‐associated sialorrhea (n = 2), and oral systemic sclerosis (n = 1) were identified. Most (n = 15) were developed de novo, one was adapted from a pre‐existing questionnaire. Eleven PROMs demonstrated “very good” analysis of internal consistency per COSMIN criteria, and 10 included test–retest data. Regarding content validity, four PROMs were developed with both patient and physician input, but none were rated as “adequate.” All included comparisons against other questionnaires (n = 7), salivary flow rate (n = 9), and/or healthy controls (n = 3). The most rigorously developed PROM, the Xerostomia Inventory, was rated adequate in 6 out of 7 domains.ConclusionsSeveral PROMs evaluate salivary function. The abilties of these PROMs to meet design and validation standards were variable, with notable limitations in content validity for all tools. New and updated PROMs assessing obstructive and inflammatory salivary symptoms should utilize patient and provider input.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 133:1796–1805, 2023
Hollow, pH‐Sensitive Microgels as Nanocontainers for the Encapsulation of Proteins
Authors: Wypysek Sarah K. , Centeno Silvia P. , Gronemann Till , Wöll Dominik , Richtering Walter 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDepending on their architectural and chemical design, microgels can selectively take up and release small molecules by changing the environmental properties, or capture and protect their cargo from the surrounding conditions. These outstanding properties make them promising candidates for use in biomedical applications as delivery or carrier systems. In this study, hollow anionic p(N‐isopropylacrylamid‐e‐co‐itaconic acid) microgels are synthesized and analyzed regarding their size, charge, and charge distribution. Furthermore, interactions between these microgels and the model protein cytochrome c are investigated as a function of pH. In this system, pH serves as a switch for the electrostatic interactions to alternate between no interaction, attraction, and repulsion. UV–vis spectroscopy is used to quantitatively study the encapsulation of cytochrome c and possible leakage. Additionally, fluorescence‐lifetime images unravel the spatial distribution of the protein within the hollow microgels as a function of pH. These analyses show that cytochrome c mainly remains entrapped in the microgel, with pH controlling the localization of the protein – either in the microgel's cavity or in its network. This significantly differentiates these hollow microgels from microgels with similar chemical composition but without a solvent filled cavity.
Pathological Validation of the MDS Criteria for the Diagnosis of Multiple System Atrophy
Authors: Virameteekul Sasivimol , Revesz Tamas , Jaunmuktane Zane , Warner Thomas T. , De Pablo‐Fernández Eduardo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe recent International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society diagnostic criteria for multiple system atrophy (MDS‐MSA) have been developed to improve diagnostic accuracy although their diagnostic properties have not been evaluated.ObjectivesThe aims were to validate the MDS‐MSA diagnostic criteria against neuropathological diagnosis and compare their diagnostic performance to previous criteria and diagnosis in clinical practice.MethodsConsecutive patients with sporadic, progressive, adult‐onset parkinsonism, or cerebellar ataxia from the Queen Square Brain Bank between 2009 and 2019 were selected and divided based on neuropathological diagnosis into MSA and non‐MSA. Medical records were systematically reviewed, and clinical diagnosis was documented by retrospectively applying the MDS‐MSA criteria, second consensus criteria, and diagnosis according to treating clinicians at early (within 3 years of symptom onset) and final stages. Diagnostic parameters (sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive value, and accuracy) were calculated using neuropathological diagnosis as gold standard and compared between different criteria.ResultsThree hundred eighteen patients (103 MSA and 215 non‐MSA) were included, comprising 248 patients with parkinsonism and 70 with cerebellar ataxia. Clinically probable MDS‐MSA showed excellent sensitivity (95.1%), specificity (94.0%), and accuracy (94.3%), although their sensitivity at early stages was modest (62.1%). Clinically probable MDS‐MSA outperformed diagnosis by clinicians and by second consensus criteria. Clinically established MDS‐MSA showed perfect specificity (100%) even at early stages although to the detriment of low sensitivity. MDS‐MSA diagnostic accuracy did not differ according to clinical presentation (ataxia vs. parkinsonism).ConclusionsMDS‐MSA criteria demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance against neuropathological diagnosis and are useful diagnostic tools for clinical practice and research. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
French dispatch: GTM‐based analysis of the Chimiothèque Nationale Chemical Space
Authors: Oleneva Polina , Zabolotna Yuliana , Horvath Dragos , Marcou Gilles , Bonachera Fanny , Varnek Alexandre 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn order to analyze the Chimiothèque Nationale (CN) – The French National Compound Library – in the context of screening and biologically relevant compounds, the library was compared with ZINC in‐stock collection and ChEMBL. This includes the study of chemical space coverage, physicochemical properties and Bemis‐Murcko (BM) scaffold populations. More than 5 K CN‐unique scaffolds (relative to ZINC and ChEMBL collections) were identified. Generative Topographic Maps (GTMs) accommodating those libraries were generated and used to compare the compound populations. Hierarchical GTM («zooming») was applied to generate an ensemble of maps at various resolution levels, from global overview to precise mapping of individual structures. The respective maps were added to the ChemSpace Atlas website. The analysis of synthetic accessibility in the context of combinatorial chemistry showed that only 29,7 % of CN compounds can be fully synthesized using commercially available building blocks.