bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing and evaluating National Water Model ensemble streamflow predictions using post-processed precipitation forecasts
Authors: Towler Erin , Stovern Diana , Acharya Nachiketa , Abel Mimi Rose , Currier William Ryan , Bellier Joseph , Cifelli Rob , Mahoney Kelly , Mossel Carolien , Scheuerer Michael , Thorstensen Andrea , Viterbo Francesca 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Improving probabilistic streamflow forecasts is critical for a multitude of water-oriented applications. Errors in water forecasts arise from several sources, one of which is the driving meteorology. Meteorological forecasts are often statistically post-processed before being input into hydrologic models. Shifts towards ensemble weather prediction systems have propelled advances in ensemble post-processing, providing an opportunity to enhance probabilistic water forecasting. This study’s purpose is to implement and evaluate the impact of coupling state-of-the-art precipitation ensemble post-processing techniques with the process-based, spatially distributed National Water Model (NWM). The post-processing has two steps: first, precipitation is calibrated using a censored, shifted, gamma distribution approach, and second, is reordered using an ensemble copula coupling technique. The NWM focuses on flood forecasting, but to date has only been run with time-lagged ensemble weather forecasts. We implement the NWM in a medium-range (∼7 day) ensemble forecasting mode for several rain-dominated catchments in northern California during an extremely wet water year, when advanced warning of heavy precipitation and streamflow could have been useful. Post-processing enhances NWM streamflow forecasts in terms of ensemble spread and accuracy, improving underestimation. Precipitation (streamflow) was generally skillful out to day 4 (7), including heavy precipitation (>75mm) and relatively high flow thresholds, but less consistently for the most extreme streamflow. These results suggest that NWM ensembles could be warranted for priority basins with relatively predictable weather phenomenon, though there are tradeoffs with hydrological model complexity and ensemble forecasting. This study can inform the NOAA-led Next Generation Water Resources Modeling Framework, which will need to consider how to integrate meteorological post-processing and ensemble techniques.
The relation between exchange flow and diahaline mixing in estuaries
Authors: Burchard Hans , Klingbeil Knut , Lange Xaver , Li Xiangyu , Lorenz Marvin , MacCready Parker , Reese Lloyd 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Estuaries with excess freshwater discharge are characterized by inflow of saline water from the ocean and outflow of brackish water towards the ocean. The intensity of this so-called estuarine circulation is known to be connected to salinity mixing inside the estuary. Here, the water mass transformation process of mixing is conveniently defined as the destruction of salinity variance within the estuarine volume. In the present study, we derive a new relation that shows how the estuarine exchange flow and the mixing inside the estuary determine each other. The result is a quantitative relation between the inflow volume at a fixed transect across the estuary and the distribution of the diahaline mixing inside the estuary. The concept of dividing salinities between inflowing and outflowing transports is used here. More specifically, the estuarine exchange flow equals the derivative of the mixing (with respect to salinity) on the estuarine part of the dividing salinity isohaline. We show for two realistic example estuaries how the exchange flow and the mixing are spatially distributed on the dividing salinity isohaline. Those estuaries include a channelized tidal estuary and a non-tidal industrialized estuary. While the former shows a basic two-layer division between inflow and outflow, the latter has a more complex three-layer structure, due to offshore upwelling and downwelling dynamics. The new theory provides the recipe for analyzing the relation between mixing and exchange flow in any estuary and helps to identify the regions where the mixing occurs that is consistent with the exchange flow.
Evaluation of 0–6 hour forecasts from the Experimental Warn-on-Forecast System and the Hybrid Analysis and Forecast System for Real-time Cases in 2021
Authors: Carpenter Noah T. , Gao Jidong , Clark Adam , Burke Patrick , Skinner Patrick , Wang Yunheng , Knopfmeier Kent , Pan Sijie , Matilla Brian , Martin Joshua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study compares real-time forecasts produced by the Warn-on-Forecast System (WoFS) and a Hybrid ensemble and variational data assimilation and prediction system (WoF-Hybrid) for 31 events during 2021. Object-based verification is used to quantify and compare strengths and weaknesses of WoFS ensemble forecasts with 3-km horizontal grid spacing and WoF-Hybrid deterministic forecasts with 1.5-km horizontal grid spacing. The goal of such comparison is to provide evidence as to whether WoF-Hybrid has performance characteristics that complement or improve upon those of WoFS.
Results indicate that both systems provide similar accuracy for timing and placement of thunderstorm objects identified using simulated reflectivity. WoF-Hybrid provides more accurate forecasts of updraft helicity tracks. Differences in forecast quality are case dependent; the largest difference in accuracy favoring WoF-Hybrid occurs in eight cases identified as “high-impact” by the quantity of National Weather Service Local Storm Reports, while WoFS performance is favored at short lead times for 10 “moderate-” and 13 “low-impact” events. WoF-Hybrid reflectivity objects are closer in size and location to observed objects. However, a significantly higher thunderstorm overprediction bias is identified in WoF-Hybrid, particularly early in the forecast.
Two severe weather events are selected for detailed investigation. In the case of 26 May, both systems had similar skill; however, for 10 December, WoF-Hybrid forecasts outperformed WoFS forecasts. These results show improved performance for WoF-Hybrid over WoFS under certain regimes that warrants further investigation. To understand reasons for these differences will help incorporate higher resolution modeling into Warn-on-Forecast systems.
Safety and Efficacy of the Falciformopexy Technique for Peptic Ulcer Perforation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cardoso Leonardo Januário Campos , Martins Kleuber Arias Meireles , Xavier Paulo Vitor Marques , Nascimento Filipe Gabriel Oliveira , Gontijo Pedro Henrique Gibram , Minkauskas Juan Lima , Faria Isabela Coutinho , Abreu Ronaldo Duarte Araújo , Rocha Alexandre Lages Savassi , Del Aguila Jorge Walker Vásquez 
Published: February 2025

Objectives Peptic ulcer perforation (PUP) is a severe complication of peptic ulcer disease, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The Graham patch repair (GPR) is the standard surgical treatment; however, when the greater omentum is insufficient, falciformopexy has emerged as a viable alternative. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of falciformopexy for PUP through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Ovid to identify studies reporting on PUP patients treated with falciformopexy. Outcomes evaluated included length of hospital stay, perioperative mortality, wound infections, and reoperation rates. A comparative analysis with patients treated with GPR was also performed. Safety and efficacy outcomes were analyzed using single proportions, while risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals were pooled for comparative assessments. Results Six studies involving 868 patients were included, of whom 148 underwent falciformopexy for PUP. The mean hospital stay was 8.76 days (95% CI: 6.5-11.02; I2 = 92%). The perioperative mortality rate was 4.38% (95% CI: 0%-10.26%; I2 = 53%), the wound infection rate was 6.66% (95% CI: 2.31%-11.02%; I2 = 0%), and reoperation was required in 1.76% of cases (95% CI: 0%-4.73%; I2 = 0%). Comparative analysis revealed no significant differences between the falciformopexy and GPR groups regarding mortality, wound infections, or reoperation rates. Conclusion These results indicate that the use of the falciform ligament for PUP repair is associated with low perioperative mortality, wound infection, and reoperation rates, suggesting it is a viable alternative when the omentum is unavailable.
Do Augmented Reality Cues Aid Pedestrians in Crossing Multiple Lanes of Traffic? A Virtual Reality Study
Authors: Malik Jeehan , O’Neal Elizabeth , Noonan Megan , Noferesti Iman , Kim Nam-Yoon , Pixley William , Plumert Jodie M. , Kearney Joseph K. 
Published: February 2025

Objective This study evaluated whether pedestrians can use augmented reality (AR) overlays to guide their road-crossing decisions when crossing two lanes of opposing traffic. Background Emerging technologies for enhancing traffic safety often focus on alerting drivers to hazards. Less attention has been given to understanding how pedestrians respond to technology designed to aid their road-crossing decisions, particularly in more complex traffic. Method Participants repeatedly crossed two lanes of opposing traffic displayed in a virtual reality system. Participants in the AR condition viewed matching-colored bars (AR overlays) suspended just above the gaps between cars where there was sufficient time to safely cross a pair of near and far lane gaps. Participants in the control condition performed the same road-crossing task but saw no AR overlays. Results Participants who viewed AR cues were more likely than participants who did not view AR cues to accept gap pairs classified as crossable and less likely to accept gap pairs classified as uncrossable. However, there was no difference between the AR and control conditions in time to spare when exiting the roadway. NASA Task Load Index (2020) responses indicated that perceived performance was higher and perceived frustration was lower in the AR than control condition, but perceived workload was higher in the AR condition. Conclusion The AR cues helped participants identify crossable gap pairs but did not lead to greater time to spare when exiting the roadway. Application These results show both the promise and risks of assistive technologies designed to increase pedestrian safety in more complex traffic situations.
Proprioception and Lower Limb Strength in Children With and Without Hearing or Visual Impairments
Authors: Zarei Hamed , Norasteh Ali Asghar , Lieberman Lauren J. , Brian Ali 
Published: February 2025

Introduction Comprehensive insights into muscle strength and proprioception of children with hearing or visual impairments in comparison with individuals with typical development are yet to be achieved in literature. The purpose of this study was to investigate the proprioception and lower limb strength of children with hearing or visual impairments compared to those without disabilities (comparison). Methods This study featured a cross-sectional design with participants ( N = 45) placed within one of three equally stratified purposive groups (hearing impaired, visually impaired, or comparison) within the age range of 9–13 years (Mean = 11.43, SD = 1.5). Joint angle-reposition test was used to measure proprioception and the Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) was used to measure the strength of the lower limb muscles. Results The results indicated that knee joint position sense error was greater for the comparison group in standing ( p = .02) and sitting positions ( p = .03) than those with hearing or visual impairments ( p = .001). It was also greater for comparison in the dorsiflexion ( p = .03) and plantarflexion ( p = .03) than those with hearing or visual impairments ( p = .001). Moreover, the results showed that the lower limb muscle strength of subjects with visual impairments was weaker than those with hearing impairments ( p = .03), as well as with the comparison group ( p = .001), although no significant difference was found between the lower limb strength of the hearing impaired and comparison groups ( p>.05). Discussion The results demonstrated that the proprioception of children with hearing and visual impairments was significantly better than that of comparison. Furthermore, the muscle strength of children with visual impairments was significantly weaker than that of children with hearing impairments and comparison. Implications for Practitioners It is recommended that progressive physical activity programs be used to develop muscular strength of children with visual impairments.
HRM and corporate Islamic finance: A hybrid literature review from the Web of Science database
Authors: Airout Rula Mustafa , Maharmah Mashhour Hathloul Mousa , Mustafa Jamileh Ali 
Published: February 2025

Background This study examines how Islamic financial principles have influenced human resource management [HRM] practices from 2010 to 2024. Focusing on concepts like Riba [interest], Mudarabah [profit-sharing], and Takaful [Islamic insurance], the research explores their impact on HRM strategies and organizational sustainability. Objective The study aims to understand how these principles reshape contemporary HRM practices by identifying research trends, influential scholars, and major publications, and analyzing their effects on HRM strategies and organizational performance. Methodology A three-stage approach analyzed 402 articles using RStudio for data analysis, VOSviewer for citation and network analysis, and Excel for visualization. This method highlighted emerging trends and key research areas. Key findings Five research clusters were identified: 1] HRM and employee engagement in sustainable organizations; 2] environmental and sustainability practices in HRM; 3] ethical and social dimensions in HRM and finance; 4] corporate Islamic finance’s HRM implications; and 5] strategic management and financial performance. Implications The findings suggest a need for organizations to integrate Islamic finance principles into HRM practices and call for further research on emerging trends, cultural impacts, and long-term effects on organizational performance.
Technology trends in strategic management in the AI era: Systematic literature review
Authors: Alhyasat Wael , Alhyasat Eiad , Khattab Shadi Ahmed 
Published: February 2025

Background This study explores the intersection of strategic management and artificial intelligence (AI) from 2014 to 2024. As AI technologies advance, their integration into strategic management becomes essential for sustaining competitive advantage. The research aims to understand how AI influences and reshapes strategic decision-making and competitive strategies. Objective The study aims to systematically examine how AI and strategic management converge. It seeks to identify key research trends, influential scholars, and major publications to clarify how AI is transforming strategic management and competitive dynamics. Methods We used a three-stage methodology: we used RStudio to analyze 326 scholarly articles, VOSviewer to perform citation and network analysis to identify key authors and research clusters, and Excel for data management and visualization to highlight emerging trends and findings. Results The study identifies three main research clusters: leveraging AI for competitive advantage, the impact of emerging technologies on strategic management, and the role of dynamic capabilities. It underscores AI’s growing importance in strategic foresight and the need for dynamic capabilities to adapt to technological changes. Implications The research offers a roadmap for academics and practitioners, highlighting crucial areas for future exploration and emphasizing the need to integrate AI into strategic management practices to navigate emerging trends and maintain competitive advantage.
The Lived Experiences of Adults With Sickle Cell Disease Deciding Curative Therapies: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study
Authors: Jacobs-Mcfarlane Charleen 
Published: February 2025

Background: Bone marrow transplant and gene therapy are high-risk, high-reward treatment options that have the potential to cure sickle cell disease (SCD). Making the decision to pursue curative therapies remains challenging for adults living with SCD and little is known about their experience in deciding to cure it. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the lived experiences of adults living with SCD considering curative treatments. Methods: A qualitative descriptive phenomenological study was used for the study. Nine adults with SCD were recruited from a large, urban, academic medical center in the Northeast. Semi-structured interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using Amedeo Giorgi’s 5-step data analysis for descriptive phenomenology. Results: Five major themes were derived from the data analysis: (1) the never-ending rollercoaster of uncertainty in SCD; (2) the hospital feeling like a second home; (3) the powerful influence of the provider; (4) changing the trajectory of the past in pursuit of new beginnings; and (5) going the distance to access a cure. The results revealed that the participants’ experiences in deciding to pursue curative therapies were multifactorial, they had limited access to educational material, they delayed seeking curative therapies, and they required complex care management to navigate health systems when seeking curative options. Conclusion: Findings underscored the importance of nurses understanding the experience of living with SCD, the patient-provider relationship, and barriers to accessing care. Findings can influence policies on SCD care pre- and post-transplant, and inform nursing practice and nursing education.
Traumatic chylothorax management post-coronary artery bypass grafting – A systematic review
Authors: Carmichael Gavin John , Prinsloo Duron , Bentley Connor , Prinsloo Rodan , Kovoor Joshua G , Jacob Mathew O , Gupta Aashray 
Published: February 2025

Introduction Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is performed globally around 400,000 times annually. Despite its benefits, CABG can lead to complications, including chylothorax, a rare condition where chyle accumulates in the pleural cavity due to thoracic duct trauma. Currently, there are no international guidelines for traumatic chylothorax management post-CABG. This is the first systematic review to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of management for chylothorax post-CABG. Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching EMBASE, Cochrane, Ovid and PubMed databases on 16 June 2024. The inclusion criteria focused on studies addressing post-CABG chylothorax management and reporting clinical outcomes. Data was extracted from 11 studies focusing on graft type, complications and management strategies. Results This review included 11 case report studies with 14 cases of post-CABG chylothorax. Conservative management was attempted in all cases, with varying components such as total parenteral nutrition, nil by mouth, octreotide and low-fat diets. High-output chylothorax (>1000 mL/day) often necessitated surgical intervention after an average of 12.5 days of conservative management. Surgical approaches included thoracic duct ligation, embolisation and pleurodesis. Surgical ligation was effective in three cases, while thoracic duct embolisation was successful in one case. Conclusions Chylothorax post-CABG is managed initially with conservative strategies, but high-output cases often necessitate surgical intervention. This review highlights the need for standardised guidelines, regarding the timing of surgical escalation and the use of octreotide and somatostatin. Further research should focus on higher-powered studies to validate these findings and establish clinical guidelines for managing chylothorax post-CABG.
Leveling up: Treating Uptake as Endogenous May Increase the Value of Screening Programs
Authors: Robles-Zurita Jose A. , Hawkins Neil , Bouttell Janet 
Published: February 2025

Background We aimed to illustrate that health economists should consider individual heterogeneity when solving the problem of finding the optimal combination of sensitivity and specificity that maximizes the average health utility of a target population in a screening program. Methods A theoretical framework compares the solution under standard economics of diagnoses to the optimal combination under an endogenous uptake analysis, where screening participation is given by heterogenous health preferences. An applied example used calibrated parameters with real data from the bowel cancer screening program in the United Kingdom. Scenario analyses show how the results would change with parameter values, if disease risk and health utilities were not independent and if screening uptake were not completely determined by health preferences. Results A general theoretical result states that the endogenous uptake analysis leads to a weakly higher true- and false-positive rate than would be optimal under the standard approach. In the same way, the endogenous solution would lead to a lower uptake rate. The base-case scenario of the applied example illustrates that a screening program using the endogenous solution would generate 21.1% more quality-adjusted life-years than when using the standard solution. The scenario analyses show when the endogenous analysis is most valued and that the general result applies for a wide range of situations when theoretical assumptions are relaxed. Limitations The results obtained are valid under the assumptions made. Analysts should evaluate if those could hold in the applied screening context. Conclusions Individual heterogeneity and uptake decisions are relevant factors to consider in the problem of finding an optimal combination of sensitivity and specificity for a screening test. Highlights The value of screening programs can be higher if heterogeneity of preferences in the target population is considered. The optimal operation of a screening test depends on health utilities of the target population and on the heterogeneity of these health utilities. Under heterogeneity of health utilities, the optimal operation of a screening test does not maximize screening uptake. A general theoretical result states that the endogenous uptake analysis leads to a weakly higher true- and false-positive rate than would be optimal under a standard approach; this is true for a wide range of situations.