bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering pathological behavior of pediatric medullary thyroid cancer from single-cell perspective
Authors: Chen De-qian , Zhou En-qing , Chen Hui-fen , Zhan Yong , Ye Chun-Jing , Li Yi , Dai Shu-yang , Wang Jun-feng , Chen Lian , Dong Kui-ran , Dong Rui 
Published: September 2023

Background
Pediatric medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is one of the rare pediatric endocrine neoplasms. Derived from C cells of thyroid glands, MTC is more aggressive and more prompt to metastasis than other types of pediatric thyroid cancer. The mechanism remains unclear.

Methods
We performed single-cell transcriptome sequencing on the samples of the primary tumor and metastases lymph nodes from one patient diagnosed with MTC, and it is the first single-cell transcriptome sequencing data of pediatric MTC. In addition, whole exome sequencing was performed and peripheral blood was regarded as a normal reference. All cells that passed quality control were merged and analyzed in R to discover the association between tumor cells and their microenvironment as well as tumor pathogenesis.

Results
We first described the landscape of the single-cell atlas of MTC and studied the interaction between the tumor cell and its microenvironment. C cells, identified as tumor cells, and T cells, as the dominant participant in the tumor microenvironment, were particularly discussed in their development and interactions. In addition, the WES signature of tumor cells and their microenvironment were also described. Actively immune interactions were found, indicating B cells, T cells and myeloid cells were all actively participating in immune reaction in MTC. T cells, as the major components of the tumor microenvironment, proliferated in MTC and could be divided into clusters that expressed proliferation, immune effectiveness, and naive markers separately.
Chorein sensitive microtubule organization in tumor cells
Authors: Alkahtani Saad , Alkahtane Abdullah A. , Stournaras Christos , Alarifi Saud 
Published: September 2023

Background
The purpose of this study is to analyzed the involvement of chorein in microtubules organization of three types of malignant; rhabdomyosarcoma tumor cells (ZF), rhabdomyosarcoma cells (RH30), and rhabdomyosarcoma cells (RD). ZF are expressing high chorein levels. Previous studies revealed that chorein protein silencing in ZF tumor cells persuaded apoptotic response followed by cell death. In addition, in numerous malignant and non-malignant cells this protein regulates actin cytoskeleton structure and cellular signaling. However, the function of chorein protein in microtubular organization is yet to be established.

Methods
In a current research study, we analyzed the involvement of chorein in microtubules organization by using three types of malignant rhabdomyosarcoma cells. We have applied confocal laser-scanning microscopy to analyze microtubules structure and RT-PCR to examine cytoskeletal gene transcription.

Results
We report here that in rhabdomyosarcoma cells (RH30), chorein silencing induced disarrangement of microtubular network. This was documented by laser scanning microscopy and further quantified by FACS analysis. Interestingly and in agreement with previous reports, tubulin gene transcription in RH cells was unchanged upon silencing of chorein protein. Equally, confocal analysis showed minor disordered microtubules organization with evidently weakened staining in rhabdomyosarcoma cells (RD and ZF) after silencing of chorein protein.

Conclusion
These results disclose that chorein silencing induces considerable structural disorganization of tubulin network in RH30 human rhabdomyosarcoma tumor cells. Additional studies are now needed to establish the role of chorein in regulating cytoskeleton architecture in tumor cells.
Patient-Related Factors Affecting Type 2 Diabetes Medication Non-Adherence: A Comprehensive Review of BMI, Knowledge Levels, Treatment Concerns, and Self-Efficacy
Authors: Milla-Amekor Emily , Ewusie Ebenezer Ato 
Published: September 2023

The persistent issue of non-adherence to medications in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes has far-reaching implications, affecting not only the health outcomes for individual patients but also exacerbating the overall financial burden of healthcare systems. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of a spectrum of factors that influence adherence to diabetic medications, thus extending the discourse beyond a mere attribution of responsibility to patients. In particular, the study looks at how factors like BMI, disease knowledge, treatment worries, and self-efficacy are linked to non-adherence.
The review substantiates that deficits in disease-specific knowledge and lower levels of self-efficacy are significantly correlated with medication non-adherence. Concurrently, elevated BMI values and apprehensions regarding treatment were also found to have an adverse effect on adherence, although the magnitude of their influence was comparatively less pronounced. Consequently, the incorporation of these identified variables into customised treatment regimens is strongly advocated. Interventional strategies, such as educational modules designed to enhance the understanding of the disease, coupled with psychological support mechanisms aimed at elevating self-efficacy, emerged as viable solutions to the persistent issue of medication non-adherence. Moreover, pre-emptively addressing concerns related to treatment options and accounting for BMI when prescribing medications offer additional pathways to improve medication compliance rates.
The paper reinforces the imperative for a multidimensional patient-centered healthcare model. By meticulously identifying and addressing the multifaceted factors that contribute to medication non-adherence, healthcare practitioners could optimise health outcomes, mitigate complications, and thus effectuate substantial reductions in healthcare costs associated with type 2 diabetes.
Comparative Evaluation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Intrusion Detection
Authors: Oluwakemi Oduwole Omolara , Abdullahi Muhammad, Umar , Anyachebelu Kene Tochukwu 
Published: September 2023

This study undertakes a comparative examination of machine learning algorithms used for intrusion detection, addressing the escalating challenge of safeguarding networks from malicious attacks in an era marked by a proliferation of network-related applications. Given the limitations of conventional security tools in combatting intrusions effectively, the adoption of machine learning emerges as a promising avenue for bolstering detection capabilities. The research evaluates the efficacy of three distinct machine learning algorithms—Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), and Naive Bayes—in identifying diverse attack categories, including Denial of Service, Probe, Remote to Local, and User to Root.
Conducted on the NSL-KDD dataset, the analysis unveils CNN and RNN as superior performers compared to Naive Bayes, particularly in terms of detection accuracy. These findings extend value to both researchers and practitioners in the realm of intrusion detection systems, offering insights into optimal algorithmic choices. Furthermore, the study's implications resonate within broader contexts, such as the advancement of secure automation in industrial environments and the realm of automobile automation. Overall, this research contributes to the ongoing efforts to fortify network security and promote the development of safer technological landscapes.
Molecular Characterization of Rice Genotypes Using Molecular Markers
Authors: Thete A. M.  , Dahat D. V.  , Jambhale V. M.  , Chaudhari S. R.  
Published: September 2023

Rice, (Oryza sativa L. 2n=24) belongs to the family Gramineae and subfamily Oryzoideae. Oryza has two cultivated species: Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima. Breeding for good-quality traits requires the selection of parents with a wider genetic diversity. Molecular markers are used in molecular biology and biotechnology to identify a sequence of DNA. Molecular markers have played an increasing role in rice breeding for cultivar improvement, screening, selection, and germplasm collections. The present investigation is undertaken to study the genetic diversity among thirty rice genotypes using the ISSR marker.
Out of 40 ISSR primers, 9 amplified and showed polymorphism, viz., ISSR 807, ISSR 808, ISSR 809, ISSR 811, ISSR 816, ISSR 823, ISSR 826, ISSR 827 and ISSR 829. A total of 76 loci were generated by amplification with 9 polymorphic primers, out of which 66 loci were polymorphic with an average of 86.84 percent polymorphism. Among ISSR primers, ISSR 807 produced the maximum number of 11 loci. A dendrogram constructed using NTSYSpc 2.02i software grouped all 30 genotypes into two major clusters (clusters A and B). Cluster A Kalbhat alone is present in one sub-cluster at 69.2% similarity with Karjat 2, Jaya, Sairam, Saubhagya Dhan, RPBIO 226, Karjat 6, Ratnagiri 1, DRR Dhan 44, DRR Dhan 45, DRR Dhan 46, MTU 10010, Karjat 7, Swarna Shreya, Sugandha, and Madhumati. In Cluster B Karjat 3 alone forms one sub- cluster and has 70 % similarity with MTU 1001, PKVHMT, JGL 1798, Indrayani, Phule Samruddhi, Phule Maval, Sonsal, Pavana, DRR Dhan 41, kundalika, Bhogawati, Ambemohar, and Phule Radha.
Reporting of Circumferential Resection Margin in Rectal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Manisundaram Naveen , DiBrito Sandra R. , Hu Chung-Yuan , Kim Youngwan , Wick Elizabeth , Palis Bryan , Peacock Oliver , Chang George J. 
Published: September 2023

ImportanceCircumferential resection margin (CRM) in rectal cancer surgery is a major prognostic indicator associated with local recurrence and overall survival. Facility rates of CRM positivity have recently been established as a new quality measure by the Commission on Cancer (CoC); however, the completeness of CRM status reporting is not well characterized.ObjectiveTo describe the changes in CRM reporting and factors associated with low rates of reporting.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the National Cancer Database between January 2010 and December 2019. Data were analyzed between October 1, 2021, and February 1, 2022. Data from the National Cancer Database included patients diagnosed with nonmetastatic rectal adenocarcinoma receiving surgical treatment at CoC-accredited facilities throughout the US.ExposuresPatient, tumor, and facility-level factors. Facilities were divided by surgical volume, safety-net status, and CoC facility type.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCircumferential resection margin missingness rates.ResultsA total of 110 571 patients (59.3% men) with rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent curative-intent surgery at 1307 CoC-accredited hospitals were included for analysis. Reporting of CRM improved over the study period, with a mean (SE) missing 12.0% (0.32%) decreased from 16.3% (0.36%). Academic facilities had a higher missingness than other facility types (14.3% vs 10.5%-12.7%; P &amp;lt; .001). Mean (SE) rates of missingness were similar between hospitals of varying volume (lowest quartile: 12.2% [0.93%] vs highest quartile: 12.4% [0.53%]; P = .96). Cases in which fewer than 12 lymph nodes were removed had higher rates of missingness (18.1% vs 11.4%; P &amp;lt; .001). Increased odds of CRM missingness were noted with T category (odds ratio [OR], 1.50; 95% CI, 1.35-1.65) and N category (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.82-2.20). Black race was associated with missingness (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.06-1.14).Conclusion and RelevanceAlthough CRM positivity reporting has improved over the last decade, the findings of this study suggest there is substantial room for improvement as it becomes a quality standard. Missingness appears to be associated with poor performance on other quality metrics and facility type. This measure appears to be ideal for targeted institution-level feedback to improve quality of care nationally.
Estimating current effective sizes of large populations from a single sample of genomic marker data: A comparison of estimators by simulations
Authors: Wang Jinliang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGenome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) data are increasingly used in estimating the current effective population sizes (Ne) for informing the conservation of endangered species and guiding the management of exploited species. Previous assessments of sibship frequency (SF) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) estimators of Ne focused on small populations where genetic drift is strong and thus Ne is easy to estimate. Genomic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data provide ample information and hold the potential for application of these estimators to large populations where genetic drift is rather weak and thus Ne is difficult to estimate. In this study, I simulated very large populations and sampled a widely variable number of individuals (genotyped at 10,000 SNPs) for estimating Ne by both SF and LD methods. I also considered the more realistic situation where a population experiences a bottleneck, and where marker data suffer from genotyping errors. The simulations show that both SF and LD methods can yield accurate Ne estimates of very large populations when sampled individuals are sufficiently numerous. When n is much smaller than Ne, however, Ne estimates are in a bimodal distribution with a substantial proportion of the estimates being infinitely large. For a population with a bottleneck, LD estimator overestimates and underestimates the Ne of the parental population from samples taken at and after the bottleneck, respectively. LD estimator also overestimates Ne substantially when applied to data suffering from allelic dropouts and false alleles. In contrast, SF estimator is unbiased and accurate when populations are changing in size or markers suffer from genotyping errors.
Remission of severe myasthenia gravis after autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Schlatter Monica I. , Yandamuri Soumya S. , O'Connor Kevin C. , Nowak Richard J. , Pham Minh C. , Obaid Abeer H. , Redman Callee , Provost Marie , McSweeney Peter A. , Pearlman Michael L. , Tees Michael T. , Bowen James D. , Nash Richard A. , Georges George E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveMyasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoantibody‐mediated neuromuscular junction disorder involving the acetylcholine receptors on the motor endplate. The safety and response to high‐dose chemotherapy (HDIT) and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) were assessed in a patient with severe refractory MG.MethodsAs part of a pilot study of HDIT/HCT for patients with treatment‐resistant autoimmune neurological disorders, a patient with severe refractory MG underwent treatment. After mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells with rituximab, prednisone, and G‐CSF, the patient had HDIT consisting of carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan, and rabbit antithymocyte globulin, followed by autologous HCT. The effect of treatment on the autoantibody to the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) was assessed.ResultsThe patient had been diagnosed with AChR antibody‐positive MG 14 years before HDIT/HCT and had failed thymectomy, therapeutic plasma exchange, and multiple immunomodulatory agents. The Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) clinical classification was IVb before HDIT/HCT. She tolerated HDIT/HCT well and started to improve clinically within days of treatment. At both 1 and 2 years after HDIT/HCT, patients remained symptom‐free. After HDIT/HCT, AChR‐binding autoantibodies persisted, and the relative frequency of immune cell subtypes shifted.InterpretationHDIT/HCT induced a complete response of disease activity in a patient with severe refractory MG. This response may suggest that a cell‐mediated etiology may be a significant contributing factor in refractory MG cases. A phase 2 clinical trial is warranted to establish if HDIT/HCT can be an effective therapy for severe refractory MG and to gain a further understanding of disease pathogenesis.
Confinement‐Induced Phonon Softening and Hardening in Sb2Te3 Thin Films
Authors: Mertens Julian , Kerres Peter , Xu Yazhi , Raghuwanshi Mohit , Kim Dasol , Schön Carl‐Friedrich , Frank Jonathan , Hoff Felix , Zhou Yiming , Mazzarello Riccardo , Jalil Abdur Rehman , Wuttig Matthias 
Published: September 2023

AbstractScaling effects in Sesqui‐chalcogenides are of major interest to understand and optimize their performance in heavily scaled applications, including topological insulators and phase‐change devices. A combined experimental and theoretical study is presented for molecular beam epitaxy‐grown films of antimony‐telluride (Sb2Te3). Structural,vibrational, optical, and bonding properties upon varying confinement are studied for thicknesses ranging from 1.3 to 56 nm. In ultrathin films, the low‐frequency coherent phonons of A1g1 symmetry are softened compared to the bulk (64.5 cm−1 at 1.3 nm compared to 68 cm−1 at 55.8 nm). A concomitant increase of the high‐frequency A1g2 Raman mode is seen. X‐ray diffraction analyses unravel an accompanying out of plane stretch by 5%, mainly stemming from an increase in the Te‐Te gap. This conclusion is supported by density functional theory slab models, which reveal a significant dependency of chemical bonding on film thickness. Changes in atomic arrangement, vibrational frequencies, and bonding extend over a thickness range much larger than observed for other material classes. The finding of these unexpectedly pronounced thickness‐dependent effects in quasi‐2D material Sb2Te3 allows tuning of the film properties with thickness. The results are discussed in the context of a novel bond‐type, characterized by a competition between electron localization and delocalization.
Permeable and Patternable Super‐Stretchable Liquid Metal Fiber for Constructing High‐Integration‐Density Multifunctional Electronic Fibers
Authors: Li Hengyi , Qu Ruixiang , Ma Zhijun , Zhou Ningjing , Huang Qiyao , Zheng Zijian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStretchable electronic fibers are essential for soft electronics because of their small footprint, light weight, high compliance, and ease of integration. To date, the majority of stretchable electronic fibers are fabricated with solidly filled fiber substrates where the exchange of gas or liquid between the outer environment and the inner part of the fiber is largely inhibited, if not impossible. The nonpermeability largely wastes the inner volume of the fiber, especially for those sensor fibers. Here, a continuous fabrication of permeable and super‐stretchable liquid metal fibers for constructing high‐integration‐density and multifunctional electronic fibers are reported. The electronic fiber is comprised of self‐assembled porous elastomer fibers and multilayers of coaxially arranged liquid metal circuits patterned in the three‐dimensional space of the fiber matrix. The micron‐scale porous structure of the fiber matrix enables high permeability for effective materials/energy exchange between the surrounding environment and the components in different layers of the fiber. As a proof of concept, a stretchable multifunctional electronic fiber incorporated with three individual layers responsible for lighting, data transmission, and biochemical sensing, as well as an artificial neuron integrating multi‐modal sensing and electrical signal transmission capabilities, illustrating the potential of the fiber fabrication strategy for stretchable electronics applications is demonstrated.
A Redox‐Active Covalent Organic Framework with Highly Accessible Aniline‐Fused Quinonoid Units Affords Efficient Proton Charge Storage
Authors: Yan Xiaoli , Wang Feixiang , Su Xi , Ren Junyu , Qi Meiling , Bao Pengli , Chen Weihua , Peng Chengxin , Chen Long 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOwing to their intrinsic safety and sustainability, aqueous proton batteries have emerged as promising energy devices. Nevertheless, the corrosion or dissolution of electrode materials in acidic electrolytes must be addressed before practical applications. In this study, a cathode material based on a redox‐active 2D covalent organic framework (TPAD‐COF) with aniline‐fused quinonoid units featuring inherently regular open porous channels and excellent stability is developed. The TPAD‐COF cathode delivers a high capacity of 126 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, paired with long‐term cycling stability with capacity retention of 84% after 5000 cycles at 2 A g−1. Comprehensive ex situ spectroscopy studies correlated with density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that both the –NH– and C=O groups of the aniline‐fused quinonoid units exhibit prominent redox activity of six electrons during the charge/discharge processes. Furthermore, the assembled punch battery consisting of a TPAD‐COF//anthraquinone (AQ) all‐organic system delivers a discharge capacity of 115 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 130 cycles, implying the potential application of the TPAD‐COF cathode in aqueous proton batteries. This study provides a new perspective on the design of electrode materials for aqueous proton batteries with long‐term cycling performance and high capacity.
Inorganic All‐Solid‐State Sodium Batteries: Electrolyte Designing and Interface Engineering
Authors: Yang Yaxiong , Yang Shoumeng , Xue Xu , Zhang Xianghua , Li Qifei , Yao Yu , Rui Xianhong , Pan Hongge , Yu Yan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInorganic all‐solid‐state sodium batteries (IASSSBs) are emerged as promising candidates to replace commercial lithium‐ion batteries in large‐scale energy storage systems due to their potential advantages, such as abundant raw materials, robust safety, low price, high‐energy density, favorable reliability and stability. Inorganic sodium solid electrolytes (ISSEs) are an indispensable component of IASSSBs, gaining significant attention. Herein, this review begins by discussing the fundamentals of ISSEs, including their ionic conductivity, mechanical property, chemical and electrochemical stabilities. It then presents the crystal structures of advanced ISSEs (e.g., β/β''‐alumina, NASICON, sulfides, complex hydride and halide electrolytes) and the related issues, along with corresponding modification strategies. The review also outlines effective approaches for forming intimate interfaces between ISSEs and working electrodes. Finally, current challenges and critical perspectives for the potential developments and possible directions to improve interfacial contacts for future practical applications of ISSEs are highlighted. This comprehensive review aims to advance the understanding and development of next‐generation rechargeable IASSSBs.
Toward the Scaling up of Daytime Radiative Coolers: A Review
Authors: Kousis Ioannis , Pisello Anna Laura 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDaytime Radiative Cooling (DRC) is a highly effective passive cooling technique that holds great potential for enhancing energy efficiency and promoting decarbonization. Several Daytime Radiative Coolers (DRCs) are reported in the literature to highly reflect shortwave radiation and emit thermal radiation, either specifically in the Atmospheric Window (AW) wavelengths (8–13 µm) (Selective DRCs) or in both AW and non‐AW wavelengths (Broadband DRCs). This review presents the advancements in the six key categories of DRCs identified in the literature based on their design characteristics: i) multilayer DRCs, ii) metamaterial DRCs, iii) randomly distributed particle DRC structures, iv) porous DRCs, v) colored DRCs, and vi) adaptive DRCs. The review discusses their main attributes in terms of their demonstrated thermo‐optical performance. Research gaps include the need for real‐life studies to investigate scaling up DRCs in the built environment and their effects on indoor thermal comfort and air temperature reduction. Finally, an eight‐step feedback‐loop scheme is proposed to establish efficient design and implementation protocols for DRC materials in the built environment.