bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Adaptive Attention Graph Convolution Network for city-level Air Quality Prediction
Authors: Liu Hexiang , Han Qilong , Sun Hui , Sheng Jingyu , Yang Ziyu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Air pollution is the leading cause of human diseases. Accurate air quality predictions are critical to human health. However, it is difficult to extract spatiotemporal features among complex spatiotemporal dependencies effectively. Most existing methods focus on constructing multiple spatial dependencies and ignore the systematic analysis of spatial dependencies. We found that besides spatial proximity stations, functional similarity stations, and temporal pattern similarity stations, the shared spatial dependencies also exist in the complete spatial dependencies. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning model, the spatiotemporal adaptive attention graph convolution model (STAA-GCN), for city-level air quality prediction. Specifically, we encode multiple spatiotemporal dependencies and construct complete spatiotemporal interactions between stations using station-level attention. Among them, we design a Bi-level sharing strategy to extract shared inter-station relationship features between certain stations efficiently. Then we extract multiple spatiotemporal features with multiple decoders, which it is extracted from the complete spatial dependencies between stations. Finally, we fuse multiple spatiotemporal features with a gating mechanism for multi-step predictions. Our model achieves state-of-the-art experimental results in several real-world datasets.
Washed microbiota transplantation improves symptoms and intestinal barrier function in patients with functional bowel disorders: a propensity-score matching analysis
Authors: Ye Xiao-Yan , Chen Jun-Yi , Wu Li-Hao , Luo Dan-Ping , Ye Xiao-Huo , Wu Li-Quan , He Xing-Xiang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Alterations in the intestinal microbiota may have a role in functional bowel disorders (FBDs) pathogenesis. Probiotics are widely used to improve intestinal dysbacteriosis in patients suffering from FBDs. Compared with probiotics, washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) could be a promising treatment for FBDs. We conducted a retrospective evaluation of both treatments using a propensity-score matching analysis (PSMA).
Methods
A total of 103 patients with FBDs (irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional constipation (FC), functional diarrhea (FDr), functional abdominal bloating (FAB)) were divided into a WMT group or probiotics group (taking probiotics capsules). The following information was matched for PSMA: age, sex, disease course, body mass index, anxiety, insomnia, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, as well as levels of D-lactate, diamine oxidase (DAO), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). IBF and symptoms were evaluated at the first and second hospitalizations. Prognostic factors were assessed by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.
Results
PSMA resulted in 34 matched pairs (11 IBS, 12 FC, 7 FDr, and 4 FAB in the probiotics group and 14 IBS, 13 FC, 5 FDr, and 2 FAB in the WMT group). WMT was better for improving symptoms in FBD patients than probiotics (P = 0.002). Significantly fewer patients with intestinal barrier damage were in the WMT group than the probiotics group (38.2% vs. 67.6%, P = 0.041). D-lactate levels were reduced significantly after WMT (P = 0.031) and were selected as the prognostic factor for FBDs (HR = 0.248, 95%CI 0.093–0.666, P = 0.006) by univariate Cox regression analysis.
Conclusion
WMT could improve symptoms and IBF in patients with FBDs. Increased D-lactate levels may predict a strong efficacy of WMT in these patients.
Human Capital and Income Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Does Reallocation of Resources Matter?
Authors: Ndjokou Itchoko Motande Mondjeli Mwa , Messy Martin Ambassa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the effect of reallocating resources to human capital (education and health) on income inequality (II) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by keeping the total level of public expenditure unchanged. Using a sample of 33 SSA countries, we estimate a panel data model using the fixed-effect ordinary least squares (OLS) technique with the Driscoll and Kraay estimator for standard errors and the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) in system technique over the period 2004–2020. Our model is inspired by the work of Ormaecheas and Morozumi (2017) and Doumbia and Kinda (2019). Our results reveal that: (i) the reallocation of resources to education and health financed by cutting military and infrastructure spending does not contribute to a significant reduction of II in SSA. Security challenges and corruption problems are the main explanatory factors for this insignificant effect. (ii) The reallocation of resources to education and health financed by a cut in social protection spending significantly amplifies SSA's II. The vulnerability of the social strata and the profound precariousness of the population are the result of such an outcome in SSA. Our results suggest that the fight against II depends on the fight against corruption, the improvement of the quality of public spending and a better reallocation of resources.
Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing reveals the alteration of DNA methylation during malignant transformation of oral mucosal cells
Authors: Wang Peiyan , Yu Xiaofei , Sun Pei , Pan Keqing , Guo Yiqing , Liu Zhaochen , Jiao Mengyu , Deng Jing , Zhang Hui 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
According to recent researches, the overall malignant transformation rate of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) is among 7.9%, and the probability of malignant transformation of OPMDs with severe epithelial dysplasia to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is as high as 57%. In recent years, more and more studies have confirmed that abnormal DNA methylation, especially hypermethylation of the promoter CpG islands, is closely related to the occurrence and malignant transformation of OPMDs. Hypermethylation of certain tumor suppressor genes can be used as a key indicator for diagnosing early OSCC and judging the prognosis of OPMDs. There is an urgent need to expand the understanding of DNA methylation alterations occurred in OPMDs and OSCC at the cellular level.
Methods and results
We used the Illumina sequencing platform to perform the whole-genome bisulfite sequencing （WGBS）on dysplastic oral keratinocyte (DOK) and CAL-27 cell lines, which respectively represents epithelial dysplasia and carcinogenesis. Then we compared the results with trends in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Gene Oncology (GO) functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to further explore the biological functions and signaling pathways related to the observed differences. Compared with those in HGFs, respectively 4,149 and 2,863 genes were abnormally hypermethylated in DOK and CAL-27 cells in the promoter CG context. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the identified differentially methylated genes were involved in system development, transcriptional regulation, cell differentiation, and other pathways (e.g., autophagy, mitophagy, and cAMP signaling).
Conclusions
Our results expand on the knowledge of DNA methylation alterations associated with OPMDs and OSCC at the cellular level. The key genes and pathways involved in the regulatory mechanisms of DNA methylation may provide a theoretical basis for research on the malignant transformation of OPMDs as well as for the early diagnosis and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Prediction of concentration of SOx, NOx and PM10 due to vehicular emission using CART (Regression Tree) analysis
Authors: Singh Ram Kishor , Lal Bindhu , Prasad Navin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Urbanization and industrial expansion are two factors which contribute to an enormous rise in air pollution. Even mountainous towns like Ranchi in Jharkhand, India have seen a decline in air quality. Urbanization leads to an increase in traffic density. The primary pollutants which contribute to air pollution from vehicular emissions are SOX, NOX & PM10. An attempt is made in this research to estimate the concentration of the above pollutants using regression tree analysis (CART). Statistical parameters like Index of agreement (d), Net Absolute Error (NAE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Square Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Coefficient of Determination (R2) are used to validate the accuracy of models.
A Novel Hypoxia-associated Gene Signature for Prognosis Prediction in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Luo Jingyi , Huang Yuejiao , Wu Jiahe , Dai Lin , Dong Mingyou , Cheng Bo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common malignant tumor of head and neck, which seriously threatens human life and health. However, the mechanism of hypoxia-associated genes(HAGs)in HNSCC remains unelucidated. This study aims to establish a hypoxia-associated gene signature and the nomogram for predicting the prognosis of patients with HNSCC.
Methods
Previous literature reports provided a list of HAGs. The TCGA database provided genetic and clinical information on HNSCC patients. First, a hypoxia-associated gene risk model was constructed for predicting overall survival (OS) in HNSCC patients and externally validated in four GEO datasets (GSE27020, GSE41613, GSE42743, and GSE117973). Then, immune status and metabolic pathways were analyzed. A nomogram was constructed and assessed the predictive value. Finally, experimental validation of the core genes was performed by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.
Results
A HNSCC prognostic model was constructed based on 8 HAGs. This risk model was validated in four external datasets and exhibited high predictive value in various clinical subgroups. Significant differences in immune cell infiltration levels and metabolic pathways were found between high and low risk subgroups. The nomogram was highly accurate for predicting OS in HNSCC patients.
Conclusions
The 8 hypoxia-associated gene signature can serve as novel independent prognostic indicators in HNSCC patients. The nomogram combining the risk score and clinical stage enhanced predictive performance in predicting OS compared to the risk model and clinical characteristics alone.
Quality of life of elderly lung cancer patients on chemotherapy and factors associated with it: a cross-sectional study
Authors: zhong hongyue , xiao tian , rong huan , chen xiaoju , liao haiyan , liu chunmei , li li , xiao ruihan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose To assess the quality of life (QOL) of elderly lung cancer patients on chemotherapy and explore factors that influence it.
Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with elderly lung cancer patients on chemotherapy at a single cancer center in Chengdu China.Participants completed the Medical Coping Modality Questionnaire, Nutrition Risk Screening 2002, and Distress Thermometer.QOL was assessed using the Function Assessment Cancer Therapy-Lung Module.Multiple linear regression was performed to identify factors independently associated with QOL.
Results The 211 lung cancer patients were 65.81 ± 3.61 year old,their total QOL score was94.65 ± 16.51, and their lung cancer-specific module score was 25.64 ± 4.41. Multiple linear regression identified the following factors as associated with QOL, which together explained 47% of observed variance: place of residence, risk of malnutrition, level of psychological distress, and type of coping strategies (adjusted R2 = 0.47, p < 0.001).
Conclusion Elderly lung cancer patients on chemotherapy are at risk of poor QOL, which may be improved through timely screening to identify those at risk of malnutrition and through interventions to reduce psychological distress and promote positive coping strategies.
Computational modelling of formamide adsorption on the surface of pure, Al-, N-doped, and Al/N co-doped (8, 0) single-wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Ghafari Marjan , Mohammadi-Manesh Hossein , Fotooh Forough Kalantari 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
A relict Triassic brittle star (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) in the Lower Jurassic of Asturias, Spain
Authors: Thuy Ben , Piñuela Laura , García-Ramos José Carlos 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Ophiuroids, also called brittle stars, are an important component of modern marine benthos, yet their fossil record is still poorly understood. Here, we describe new finds of ophiuroids from the Upper Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) of Asturias, Spain. The material consists of several articulated specimens showing all relevant anatomical details to allow for an exhaustive description. The specimens belong to a new species,Arenorbis santameraensissp. nov., adding a Jurassic species to the genusArenorbispreviously known exclusively from the Middle Triassic of central Europe. We show thatArenorbishas characters typically found in the suborder Ophiodermatina. The new Jurassic occurrence ofArenorbisshows remarkable parallels with its Middle Triassic equivalents in terms of sedimentologic and taphonomic context, suggesting niche conservatism inArenorbis. In contrast to the wide geographical distribution of the genus in the Middle Triassic, the new species is currently only known from a restricted area, suggesting that it represents a Jurassic relict of a formerly widespread Triassic lineage.
Identification of Kinase inhibitors as PINK1 activators for the treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Pawar Aiswarya B , Bhosale Sumedha , Roy Sudip , Singh Jayant 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Mutations in PINK1 kinase are known to be responsible for the early-onset of Parkinson's disease. The protein resides on the outer-membrane of healthy mitochondria, and acts as a quality controller by regulating and maintaining dysfunctional mitochondria also known as mitophagy. Limited knowledge of the mechanism of protein has made it cumbersome to elucidate an effective treatment. In this paper, we screen a set of kinase inhibitors using high-throughput screening for investigating potential activators. We have for the first time shown the plausible binding and selectivity towards the kinase inhibitors in the mutant PINK1 binding site. We also could highlight the ligand bind/unbinding pathway identifying the most stable binding pose utilizing the residues from the P-loop and DFG motif for drugs Tepotinib and Pyrotinib. Interestingly, no direct interaction of mutated residues with the ligand molecules were observed. Furthermore, we highlight that the Ins3 region and SER228 of the N-lobe display distinct conformational states that are inline with crystal structure for substrate binding specificity. Collectively, our findings provide a molecular basis for the PINK1 potential kinase activator, which would further facilitate as a starting point to probe new therapeutics by using the structure based drug designing for treating neurological disorder.
Securing Recommender System via Cooperative Training
Authors: Wang Qingyang , Wu Chenwang , Lian Defu , Chen Enhong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Recommender systems are often susceptible to well-crafted fake profiles, leading to biased recommendations. Among existing defense methods, data-processing based methods inevitably exclude normal samples, while model-based methods struggle to enjoy both generalization and robustness. To this end, we suggest integrating data processing and the robust model to propose a general framework, Triple Cooperative Defense (TCD), which employs three cooperative models that mutually enhance data and thereby improve recommendation robustness. Furthermore, Considering that existing attacks struggle to balance bi-level optimization and efficiency, we revisit poisoning attacks in recommender systems and introduce an efficient attack strategy, Co-training Attack (Co-Attack), which cooperatively optimizes the attack optimization and model training, considering the bi-level setting while maintaining attack efficiency. Moreover, we reveal a potential reason for the insufficient threat of existing attacks is their default assumption of optimizing attacks in undefended scenarios. This overly optimistic setting limits the potential of attacks. Consequently, we put forth a Game-based Co-training Attack (GCoAttack), which frames the proposed CoAttack and TCD as a game-theoretic process, thoroughly exploring CoAttack’s attack potential in the cooperative training of attack and defense. Extensive experiments on three real datasets demonstrate TCD’s superiority in enhancing model robustness.
Additionally, we verify that the two proposed attack strategies significantly out perform existing attacks, with game-based GCoAttack posing a greater poisoning threat than CoAttack.
The 2021 Melamchi Flood: A massive erosional cascade in the Himalayan Mountains of central Nepal
Authors: Chen Chan-Mao , Hollingsworth James , Clark Marin , Zekkos Dimitrios , Chamlagain Deepak , Bista Sujata , Siwakoti Anuj , West A. Joshua 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Large, sediment-laden floods in mountainous terrain can have disastrous consequences and play important roles in landscape evolution. These events often unfold as a series of interconnected processes, but understanding of such “hazard cascades” has been hampered by lack of quantitative data on sediment movement. Here, we use a time series of high-resolution satellite imagery to quantify erosion and aggradation during the 2021 Melamchi Khola Floods in the Himalaya of central Nepal, providing a unique sediment budget for such an event. Our analysis reveals massive headwater erosion via remobilization of Gorkha landslides, gullying, debris-flows, and incision of glacial deposits. Unlike many other high mountain floods, the widely distributed erosion suggests this event was not primarily driven by a single source, e.g., glacial lake or landslide dam failure. High sediment supply caused aggradation in a high-elevation, low-relief glacial valley and triggered catastrophic incision into associated ancient fills. As this material was transported downstream, it caused further riverbed incision that in turn resulted in failures of surrounding hillslopes. Further downstream, as river steepness diminished, the main channel in the lower basin was widened by 3-5-fold and aggraded by ~ 5–20 m. However, deposition in the Melamchi Khola was not enough to accommodate the vast amount of flood material, and over 70% was delivered from the Melamchi Khola to the downstream Indrawati basin. Our sediment budget provides rare insight into the chain of events involved in a massive flood and helps shed light on how such floods can magnify hazard and reshape the fluvial landscape.
Evaluation of water hyacinth utility through geospatial mapping and in-situ biomass estimation approach: case study of Deepor beel (wetland), Assam, India
Authors: Rajora Koshal , Tyagi Shipra , Sarma Kiranmay , Sarma Arun Kumar , Jena Rajendra 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

As an invasive species, water hyacinths (Eichhornia crassipes) are known to progressively proliferate and cause the ecological invasions of aquatic environment. Their incursions not only cause the disappearance of native species but gradually degrades the natural habitats of freshwater regimes. The control and management of these species is laborious task, however, transforming weed into wealth can substantially serve a sustainable approach to reduce the efforts. Therefore, the present study intends to utilise the application of geospatial techniques for mapping the water hyacinths growth in the Deepor beel (wetland) of Assam, India. Sentinel based image analysis has shown that pre-monsoon seasons has encountered massive productivity and area coverage of water hyacinth, whereas in post-monsoon seasons, productivity of water hyacinths reduces to half. Furthermore, in-situ biomass estimation of the water hyacinths samples same around the productive season has been collected and analysed 6 kg (green biomass) and 1 kg (dry biomass after sun-dried). Finally, this hybrid approach evaluated the production and revenue generation from Moorhen yoga mat (handicraft item) made from the dried water hyacinths. After assuming the actual availability of 50% of total mass yield of water hyacinths, around ~ 0.8 million (8.8 lakhs) yoga mats can be commercially produced within the most productive seasons. The revenue generation from the yoga mat in the domestic and international markets evaluated around US $ 12.79 million (Rs. 105.85 Crore) and US $ 15.99 million (Rs. 132.31 crore), respectively from a single productive season. Thus, applicative intent of this study can boost potential market in Assam, renovate the weed waste of water hyacinth into wealth generation, and sustainably support the livelihoods of the local communities.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Substituted Bezaldehyde Derivatives of 4- Aminopyrrolo [2, 3-D] Pyrimidine
Authors: Hande Bhausaheb B. , Gavali Laxman V. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The primary objective of this research was to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activities of novel pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives. The current research attempted to synthesise prrolopyrimidine derivatives containing substituted benzaldehydes (o-salicylaldehydes, m-salicylaldehydes, p-salicylaldehydes, 5-nitrosalicylaldehydes, 2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde). Spectral (IR, NMR, and UV) methods were used to characterize all of the synthesized compounds. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the synthesized compounds were tested in vitro against two gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus MCC 2010 and Bacillus subtilis MCC 2010), two gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli MCC 2412 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MCC 2080), and two fungi (Candida albicans 1439 and S. cerevisiae MCC1033). In FT(IR), 1H and 13C NMR, and UV spectral analysis, all of the synthesized compounds showed remarkable peaks. In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities revealed that e and g had more potent antibacterial and antifungal activities than the standard drugs streptomycin and fluconazole, respectively.