bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Italian Economic Development: What the Long-term Says About the Short-term
Authors: Ardeni Pier Giorgio , Gallegati Mauro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn most of the literature on Italian economic development it is generally claimed that it was during the times of Giolitti that Italy came to be a rapidly industrializing country. In this paper we show that Italian economic development increasingly gained in speed during the first half a century after Unity. There are five breaking points that can be taken as “structural”, moments when the GDP growth trajectory changes and the economy enters a new phase. The first phase goes from 1861 to 1913, with its steady growth process, characterized by an acceleration in the last fifteen years. The second phase includes the two World Wars and the twenty-year period in between, from 1914 to 1946, with the ups and downs of the post-war rebound and the Great Depression. The third phase coincides with the post-war growth, from 1947 to the mid-Seventies, when the end of the Bretton Woods system, the first oil “shock” and the buildup of social tensions in Italy brought it to an end. It was in seven thousand days, during that phase, that Italy was able to converge to the other advanced economies’ growth path. Between 1975 and 2001 a fourth phase takes place, characterized by “productive decentralization”, “competitive devaluations”, and a slower growth rate, albeit in line with that of the other main economies. Italy undergoes the years of the “productivity slowdown” exploiting the margins on the cost side, without fundamentally changing its economic structure, with low investment and innovation rates. Between 1999 and 2001 the signs of a further phase start to materialize. Italian capitalism adapts with a jobless growth of its export sector and a non-productive employment growth for the rest of its firms. While industry keeps losing ground, the service sector continues to expand. And yet, it is more and more temporary, part-time, and precarious employment that grow. The lesson is that “nothing is forever”: nothing guarantees that even if we implemented all the “reforms” that we were told we would go back to on the old growth paths. Today we are on a track which is a declining table, and we would have to change too many things, this is what the long term says.
Prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, associated factors and pregnancy complications in a primigravida population
Authors: Mathew Rachel , Devanesan Benita P. , Srijana  , Sreedevi N.S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundHypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are among obstetrics' most intriguing and yet unsolved problems. It is one of the major causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study estimates the prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, their associated risk factors and pregnancy complications in primiparous women.MethodsAll primigravida who gave birth in our hospital from December 2020 to December 2021 were included in the study. The prevalence, risk factors, mode of delivery, and maternal and fetal outcomes of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in primigravidae were collected from the patient's medical records. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS 18.0 software package. The Chi-square test was used to analyse the association between the risk factors and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in primigravida.ResultsA total of 807 women were included in the study, and the mean age was 26.34 ​± ​3.84 years. The prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in primigravidae was found to be 18.6%. Among the prevalent population, 79.3% of women had gestational hypertension. The findings indicate that hypertension in pregnancy has a significant relationship with risk factors such as increased maternal age (p ​< ​0.004), family history of hypertension in pregnancy (p ​< ​0.001), body mass index >30 ​kg/m2(p ​< ​0.001), hyperglycaemia in pregnancy (p ​< ​0.001), IVF pregnancy (p ​< ​0.004) and polycystic ovary syndrome (p ​< ​0.001). The most reported adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes were placental abruption (p ​< ​0.001), postpartum haemorrhage (p ​< ​0.001), prematurity (p ​< ​0.001), and fetal growth restriction (p ​< ​0.001).ConclusionThe study emphasises the importance of knowledge and timely assessment of risk factors of HDP. It also highlights the need for pre-conceptional counselling, which includes early detection, careful monitoring and treatment of HDP for preventing morbidity and mortality related to this disorder and it should be followed up even in the postpartum period.
Attributing Past Carbon Fluxes to CO2 and Climate Change: Respiration Response to CO2 Fertilization Shifts Regional Distribution of the Carbon Sink
Authors: Quetin Gregory R. , Famiglietti Caroline A. , Dadap Nathan C. , Bloom A. Anthony , Bowman Kevin W. , Diffenbaugh Noah S. , Liu Junjie , Trugman Anna T. , Konings Alexandra G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOver the past century, increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations have enhanced photosynthesis through CO2 fertilization across the globe. However, the increased growth has also led to greater respiration rates—both from vegetation (autotrophic respiration) and through the breakdown of plant litter and soil organic matter (heterotrophic respiration). The resulting change in carbon flux—and its spatial distribution—that can be attributed to increasing CO2 and climate change remains unknown. We used the Carbon Data Model Framework, a model‐data fusion system that assimilates global observations from satellites and other sources to create an ensemble of observationally constrained carbon cycle representations, to determine the photosynthesis and respiration fluxes that can be attributed to increased atmospheric CO2 and associated climate change from 1920 to 2015. Across the globe, the response of photosynthesis and respiration to atmospheric CO2 dominates their response to climate alone. The regional distribution of the carbon sink attributable to climate change and CO2 is strongly influenced by the 'loss ratio of carbon gained'—the fraction of enhanced photosynthesis that is lost to respiration. While the wet tropics' attributable photosynthesis flux is 1.4 times larger than that of the temperate region, the attributable flux of net carbon uptake is actually 1.25 larger in the temperate region, due to the wet tropics' greater heterotrophic respiration response to enhanced plant growth. At the global scale, the loss ratio of carbon gained is 83 ± 0.6%. Our results highlight the importance of the respiration responses to enhanced plant growth in regulating the land carbon sink.
On the Role of the Amazon River for N2 Fixation in the Western Tropical Atlantic
Authors: Louchard Domitille , Münnich Matthias , Gruber Nicolas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe high rates of N2 fixation observed in the Western Tropical Atlantic Ocean are powered, at least in parts, by large influx of nutrients from the Amazon River. To disentangle the impact of the Amazon on different factors controlling N2 fixation in the region, we use a high‐resolution regional model (Regional Oceanic Modeling System‐Biogeochemical Elemental Cycling model) that includes two diazotrophic phytoplankton classes (Trichodesmium and Diatom‐Diazotroph‐Assemblages, DDAs). In our simulations, the Amazon enhances marine N2 fixation by 74% (3.8 Tg N yr−1), with most of the enhancement driven by DDAs that represent 90% of the diazotrophic community in plume waters. To determine how the Amazon creates the conditions in which DDAs thrive, we analyze bottom‐up and top‐down controls on phytoplankton along the plume pathway and how the phytoplankton competition is disrupted by the delivery of nutrients by the river. Along the entire plume pathway, DDAs out‐compete Trichodesmium as their higher maximum growth makes them more efficient in building biomass. Nevertheless, DDAs never account for more than 25% of the total phytoplankton biomass as they face the competition of other non‐diazotrophic phytoplankton types in the use of the riverine nutrients. Overall, DDAs thrive in the offshore plume region where their nutrient uptake advantages (N‐fixation, DOP uptake) is concomitant with a relaxed grazing pressure.
In‐Situ and Triple Oxygen Isotope Characterization of Seafloor Drilled Cherts: Marine Diagenesis and Its Bearing on Seawater Reconstructions
Authors: Zakharov David O. , Marin‐Carbonne Johanna , Pack Andreas , Di Rocco Tommaso , Robyr Martin , Vennemann Torsten 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCherts are used to reconstruct the evolution of seawater δ18O and temperature over geological time. However, given the influence of marine diagenesis, reconstructing seawater from the isotope composition of cherts is not straightforward, resulting in ambiguity of interpretation. Here, we present a detailed isotope and petrographic investigation of deep‐sea drilled 135–40 Ma cherts with focus on the effects of marine diagenesis. We combined triple O‐isotope data with in‐situ δ′18O‐16OH/16O measurements using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). We also provide electron microprobe maps, traditional δ′18O measurements from petrographically diverse domains, and δD and H2O wt.% values. The bulk δ′18O values range between 29‰ and 38‰ in our collection, while SIMS δ′18O data reveal significant intra‐sample heterogeneities up to 6‰ related to distinct petrographic features (e.g., filled radiolarian tests) and to micrometer‐scale variations in silica forms. Further, the δ′18O—Δ′17O values of these seafloor‐drilled cherts plot near and under equilibrium curve. Both triple‐O and SIMS δ′18O results reflect diagenesis in presence of marine pore waters at temperatures higher than ambient seawater, which is especially appreciable in cherts deposited on young oceanic crust. Despite the relatively constant δ18O seawater values over last 135 Ma, the marine silica spanning between 0 and 135 Ma occupies a wide compositional space in the δ′18O—Δ′17O rather than an equilibrium curve. The δ′18O values of cherts from modern‐seafloor positively correlate with the oceanic crustal age at the time of deposition, hinting at the importance of the heat flux in the diagenetic recrystallization of marine silica.
Impacts of Ionospheric Conductance on Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupling
Authors: Liu Jing , Wang Wenbin , Qian Liying , Pham Kevin , Liu Libo , Li Qiaoling , Li Shuhan , Liu Xuanqing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the consequence of the complex interplay between solar flare and geomagnetic storm on the magnetosphere‐ionosphere (M‐I) coupling is a critical aspect to space weather research. This is the first attempt to simulate the concurrent solar flare and geomagnetic storm effects on M‐I coupling using the state‐of‐art geospace model which integrates Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry ‐Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model —the Rice Convection ring current Model (LTR) in a self‐consistent way. Our results indicate that dayside E‐region electron density enhancements peak nearly at the same time as the flare and these electron density enhancements at middle latitudes are not very sensitive to storm forcing. F‐region electron densities also have an immediate response to solar flares but take longer to recover compared to E‐region ionosphere, and dayside F‐region electron density enhancements are more prominent for more stormy conditions. These dayside middle‐latitude F‐region enhancements intensify tongue of ionization in the polar cap region. Both E‐ and F‐region electron density increases contribute to polar ionosphere conductance enhancements that have both local and global consequences. Flare‐induced conductance enhancements tend to reduce the amount of Joule dissipation into upper atmosphere and cross polar cap potential around solar flare peak (12:00 UT), and increase dayside field aligned currents and Joule dissipation afterward (12:20–13:30 UT). These effects are more appreciable for stronger solar wind driving conditions. These simulation results provide important references for interpreting observed solar activity/cycle dependence of magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling phenomena.
Formation of Thermochemical Heterogeneities by Core‐Mantle Interaction
Authors: Stein Claudia , Hansen Ulrich 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEarth's core‐mantle boundary (CMB) shows a complex structure with various seismic anomalies such as the large low shear‐wave velocity provinces (LLSVPs) and ultra‐low velocity zones (ULVZs). As these structures are possibly induced by chemically distinct material forming a layer above the CMB, models of mantle convection made ad hoc assumptions to simulate the dynamics of this layer. In particular, density and mass were prescribed. Both conditions are critical for the dynamics but hardly constrained. Core‐mantle interaction is considered as one possible origin for this dense layer. For example, diffusion‐controlled enrichment of iron has been proposed. We here apply a chemical gradient between the mantle and the denser core to analyze the penetration of dense material into the mantle. As such, we employ 2D Cartesian models where a thermochemical layer at the base of the mantle develops self‐consistently by a diffusive chemical influx. Our simulations indicate that chemical diffusion is strongly affected by the convective mantle flow. This convection‐assisted diffusion yields a compositional influx mainly in the areas where slabs spread over the bottom boundary and sweep dense material aside to form accumulations with rising plumes atop. Like for a prescribed dense layer this process leads to chemically distinct piles, which are typically smaller (therefore more suited to explain ULVZs) but more persistent due to the constant chemical influx. Combining the influx scenario with the primordial layer can possibly explain the simultaneous existence of LLSVPs and ULVZs along with the observation of a core‐like isotopic composition in the mantle.
A Comparison of Hydrological and Geophysical Calibration Data in Layered Hydrologic Models of Mountain Hillslopes
Authors: Pleasants M. S. , Kelleners T. J. , Parsekian A. D. , Befus K. M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBoth hydrological and geophysical data can be used to calibrate hillslope hydrologic models. However, these data often reflect hydrological dynamics occurring at disparate spatial scales. Their use as sole objectives in model calibrations may thus result in different optimum hydraulic parameters and hydrologic model behavior. This is especially true for mountain hillslopes where the subsurface is often heterogeneous and the representative elementary volume can be on the scale of several m3. This study explores differences in hydraulic parameters and hillslope‐scale storage and flux dynamics of models calibrated with different hydrological and geophysical data. Soil water content, groundwater level, and two time‐lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data sets (transfer resistance and inverted resistivity) from two mountain hillslopes in Wyoming, USA, are used to calibrate physics‐based surface–subsurface hydrologic models of the hillslopes. Calibrations are performed using each data set independently and all data together resulting in five calibrated parameter sets at each site. Model predicted hillslope runoff and internal hydrological dynamics vary significantly depending on the calibration data set. Results indicate that water content calibration data yield models that overestimate near‐surface water storage in mountain hillslopes. Groundwater level calibration data yield models that more reasonably represent hillslope‐scale storage and flux dynamics. Additionally, ERT calibration data yield models with reasonable hillslope runoff predictions but relatively poor predictions of internal hillslope dynamics. These observations highlight the importance of carefully selecting data for hydrologic model calibration in mountain environments. Poor selection of calibration data may yield models with limited predictive capability depending on modeling goals and model complexity.
The H2A.Z and NuRD associated protein HMG20A controls early head and heart developmental transcription programs
Authors: Herchenröther Andreas , Gossen Stefanie , Friedrich Tobias , Reim Alexander , Daus Nadine , Diegmüller Felix , Leers Jörg , Sani Hakimeh Moghaddas , Gerstner Sarah , Schwarz Leah , Stellmacher Inga , Szymkowiak Laura Victoria , Nist Andrea , Stiewe Thorsten , Borggrefe Tilman , Mann Matthias , Mackay Joel P. , Bartkuhn Marek , Borchers Annette , Lan Jie , Hake Sandra B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSpecialized chromatin-binding proteins are required for DNA-based processes during development. We recently established PWWP2A as a direct histone variant H2A.Z interactor involved in mitosis and craniofacial development. Here, we identify the H2A.Z/PWWP2A-associated protein HMG20A as part of several chromatin-modifying complexes, including NuRD, and show that it localizes to distinct genomic regulatory regions. Hmg20a depletion causes severe head and heart developmental defects in Xenopus laevis. Our data indicate that craniofacial malformations are caused by defects in neural crest cell (NCC) migration and cartilage formation. These developmental failures are phenocopied in Hmg20a-depleted mESCs, which show inefficient differentiation into NCCs and cardiomyocytes (CM). Consequently, loss of HMG20A, which marks open promoters and enhancers, results in chromatin accessibility changes and a striking deregulation of transcription programs involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and differentiation processes. Collectively, our findings implicate HMG20A as part of the H2A.Z/PWWP2A/NuRD-axis and reveal it as a key modulator of intricate developmental transcription programs that guide the differentiation of NCCs and CMs.
HSFA1a modulates plant heat stress responses and alters the 3D chromatin organization of enhancer-promoter interactions
Authors: Huang Ying , An Jing , Sircar Sanchari , Bergis Clara , Lopes Chloé Dias , He Xiaoning , Da Costa Barbara , Tan Feng-Quan , Bazin Jeremie , Antunez-Sanchez Javier , Mammarella Maria Florencia , Devani Ravi-sureshbhai , Brik-Chaouche Rim , Bendahmane Abdelhafid , Frugier Florian , Xia Chongjing , Rothan Christophe , Probst Aline V. , Mohamed Zouine , Bergounioux Catherine , Delarue Marianne , Zhang Yijing , Zheng Shaojian , Crespi Martin , Fragkostefanakis Sotirios , Mahfouz Magdy M. , Ariel Federico , Gutierrez-Marcos Jose , Raynaud Cécile , Latrasse David , Benhamed Moussa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe complex and dynamic three-dimensional organization of chromatin within the nucleus makes understanding the control of gene expression challenging, but also opens up possible ways to epigenetically modulate gene expression. Because plants are sessile, they evolved sophisticated ways to rapidly modulate gene expression in response to environmental stress, that are thought to be coordinated by changes in chromatin conformation to mediate specific cellular and physiological responses. However, to what extent and how stress induces dynamic changes in chromatin reorganization remains poorly understood. Here, we comprehensively investigated genome-wide chromatin changes associated with transcriptional reprogramming response to heat stress in tomato. Our data show that heat stress induces rapid changes in chromatin architecture, leading to the transient formation of promoter-enhancer contacts, likely driving the expression of heat-stress responsive genes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that chromatin spatial reorganization requires HSFA1a, a transcription factor (TF) essential for heat stress tolerance in tomato. In light of our findings, we propose that TFs play a key role in controlling dynamic transcriptional responses through 3D reconfiguration of promoter-enhancer contacts.
A crowdsourced dataset of aerial images with annotated solar photovoltaic arrays and installation metadata
Authors: Kasmi Gabriel , Saint-Drenan Yves-Marie , Trebosc David , Jolivet Raphaël , Leloux Jonathan , Sarr Babacar , Dubus Laurent 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPhotovoltaic (PV) energy generation plays a crucial role in the energy transition. Small-scale, rooftop PV installations are deployed at an unprecedented pace, and their safe integration into the grid requires up-to-date, high-quality information. Overhead imagery is increasingly being used to improve the knowledge of rooftop PV installations with machine learning models capable of automatically mapping these installations. However, these models cannot be reliably transferred from one region or imagery source to another without incurring a decrease in accuracy. To address this issue, known as distribution shift, and foster the development of PV array mapping pipelines, we propose a dataset containing aerial images, segmentation masks, and installation metadata (i.e., technical characteristics). We provide installation metadata for more than 28000 installations. We supply ground truth segmentation masks for 13000 installations, including 7000 with annotations for two different image providers. Finally, we provide installation metadata that matches the annotation for more than 8000 installations. Dataset applications include end-to-end PV registry construction, robust PV installations mapping, and analysis of crowdsourced datasets.
Association between mask-associated dry eye (MADE) and corneal sensations
Authors: Itokawa Takashi , Okajima Yukinobu , Iwashita Hiroko , Koji Kakisu , Suzuki Takashi , Hori Yuichi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo determine the risk of mask-associated dry eye (MADE), we investigated the fluorescein tear break-up time (FBUT), ocular surface temperature and blood flow, along with corneal sensitivity, in mask wearers. We enrolled 60 mask wearers (mean age, 27.1 ± 5.2 years) and then measured FBUT, corneal temperature and conjunctival blood flow without wearing masks (no mask), with masks, and with taped masks. We defined MADE as the condition in which dry eye symptoms appeared and the FBUT with mask was less than 5 s. The FBUT with a mask was significantly shorter compared to the no mask and taped mask groups (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). The corneal temperature difference and conjunctival blood flow difference were significantly higher after wearing a mask than after wearing a taped mask (P < 0.01). Of the 60 subjects, 13 were diagnosed with MADE. Pain sensitivity and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the MADE group, with the FBUT without masks (P < 0.05) significantly shorter than in the non-MADE group. MADE may be associated with corneal hypersensitivity. Wearing masks decreased FBUT and increased ocular surface temperature and blood flow. Taping the top edge of masks prevented these changes. Fitting masks properly may reduce MADE risk.