bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contents, Methods, and Outcomes of Adolescent Sexual Health Promotion in School Environments: A Scoping Review*
Authors: Jämiä Lotta , Piispanen Niina , Kylmä Jari , Haavisto Elina , Harju Eeva 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchools play a significant role in adolescent sexual health (SH) promotion. Although adolescents' SH has improved, growing challenges still exist in some areas. Previous studies have noted a lack of knowledge about SH promotion implementation in school environments. The purpose of this review is to describe the contents, methods, and outcomes of adolescent SH promotion in school environments.METHODSThree databases (Cinahl, ERIC, Medline) were searched for peer‐reviewed articles published in 2011 to 2022, to identify SH promotion in school environments for adolescents aged 12 to 19 years old. After critical appraisal, inductive content analysis was conducted.RESULTSAfter screening, 25 studies from 8 countries were included. Sexually transmitted diseases and contraception were emphasized in the contents of the methods. Five SH promotion methods were identified: traditional, virtual, interactive, practical skills supporting, and creative. The outcomes were advancement in SH abilities, changes in sexual behavior, and the strengthening of sexual identity.CONCLUSIONSThe contents mostly considered negative consequences of sexual behavior, whereas positive aspects were less discussed. Traditional methods were emphasized, yet positive outcomes were identified regardless of the method. SH promotion should aim to better support adolescents' sexual identity reinforcement.
Socioeconomic, behavioral, and psychological factors related to oral health in Myanmar: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Thwin Kaung Myat , Lin Wa Than , Takehara Sachiko , Ogawa Hiroshi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the effects of socioeconomic, behavioral, and psychological factors on oral health status and oral health‐related quality of life in Myanmar adults.MethodsData were from a convenience sample of Myanmar adults who are from a township health center in Yangon city. Face‐to‐face interviews using a paper‐based questionnaire in the Myanmar language and clinical oral examinations were performed at the health center. Mann–Whitney U test and linear regressions were used to assess the association of socio‐demographic, behavioral, and psychological variables with oral health outcomes.ResultsIn socio‐demographic variables, significant associations were observed in individual income with periodontal pocket and OHIP‐14, and history of COVID‐19 infection with OHIP‐14. However, there were no associations between behavioral factors and oral health outcomes. After adjustment for sex, age, educational level, and individual income, the depression subscale was statistically significant with the number of present teeth, decayed teeth, decayed, missing, and filled teeth, and OHIP‐14. The anxiety subscale remained significant with periodontal pocket, but no stress subscale was associated with oral health outcomes.ConclusionThe experiences of oral health status were high, and the oral health‐related quality of life was unfavorable in Myanmar adults. A large proportion of them suffers from psychological distress. Additionally, individuals with lower income and who experienced a history of COVID‐19 infection were susceptible to poor oral health‐related quality of life. Psychological distress indicates a higher risk for oral health problems in Myanmar adults.
Chronic periodontitis induces the proliferation of pancreatic β‐cells to cause hyperinsulinemia in a rat model
Authors: Ye Leilei , Lv Yingtao , Wu Qianqi , Chen Yiyan , Zhang Xueyang , Su Yuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine if chronic periodontitis (CP) may induce hyperinsulinemia and may have the effect of on pancreatic β‐cell proliferation in a rat model.Materials and MethodsTwelve male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups: the CP group and the control group (Con group). The following contents were evaluated: pathological changes in periodontal soft and hard tissues; serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level, serum fasting insulin (FINS) level, fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) β (HOMA‐β) index; histopathological examination of islets; immunohistochemistry of insulin and p‐Smad2 expression in islets; immunofluorescence of changes in the relative number of β‐cells and the number of Ki67‐positive β‐cells. Western blotting was used to analyze p‐Smad2/Smad2 levels. Results were analyzed by two independent samples t tests.ResultsIncreased serum LPS level, FINS level, and HOMA‐β index were observed in the rats of the CP group; FBG level did not change significantly; histological assessments showed an enlarged islet area, increased insulin content, relatively increased β‐cells, increased Ki67‐positive β‐cells, and decreased p‐Smad2 expression in islets in the rats of the CP group.ConclusionOur study results link CP‐induced hyperinsulinemia with changes in islets, such as islet hyperplasia and compensatory β‐cell proliferation, by using a CP rat model.
Microbial biomarkers as a predictor of periodontal treatment response: A systematic review
Authors: Chew Ren Jie Jacob , Goh Charlene Enhui , Sriram Gopu , Preshaw Philip M. , Tan Kai Soo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo evaluate the prognostic accuracy of microbial biomarkers and their associations with the response to active periodontal treatment (APT) and supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). Microbial dysbiosis plays a crucial role in the disease processes of periodontitis. Biomarkers based on microbial composition may offer additional prognostic value, supplementing the limitations of current clinical parameters. While these microbial biomarkers have been clinically evaluated, there is a lack of consensus regarding their prognostic accuracy. A structured search strategy was applied to MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, and Embase on 1/11/2022 to identify relevant publications. Prospective clinical studies involving either APT or SPT, with at least 3‐month follow‐up were included. There were no restrictions on the type of microbial compositional analysis. 1918 unique records were retrieved, and 13 studies (comprising 943 adult patients) were included. Heterogeneity of the studies precluded a meta‐analysis, and none of the included studies had performed the sequence analysis of the periodontal microbiome. Seven and six studies reported on response to APT and SPT, respectively. The prognostic accuracy of the microbial biomarkers for APT and SPT was examined in only two and four studies, respectively. Microbial biomarkers had limited predictive accuracy for APT and inconsistent associations for different species across studies. For SPT, elevated abundance of periodontal pathogens at the start of SPT was predictive of subsequent periodontal progression. Similarly, persistent high pathogen loads were consistently associated with progressive periodontitis, defined as an increased pocket probing depth or clinical attachment loss. While there was insufficient evidence to support the clinical use of microbial biomarkers as prognostic tools for active periodontal treatment outcomes, biomarkers that quantify periodontal pathogen loads may offer prognostic value for predicting progressive periodontitis in the subsequent supportive periodontal therapy phase. Additional research will be required to translate information regarding subgingival biofilm composition and phenotype into clinically relevant prognostic tools.
The effects of eye masks and earplugs on sleep quality, anxiety, fear, and vital signs in patients in an intensive care unit: A randomised controlled study
Authors: Bahcecioglu Turan Gülcan , Gürcan Fatma , Özer Zülfünaz 
Published: September 2023

SummaryIn intensive care units, environmental factors like loud noises and bright lights can cause fear, anxiety, changes in vital signs, and sleep disturbances. The aim of this study was to find out how using earplugs and eye masks during the night affected sleep quality, anxiety, fear, and vital signs of patients in an intensive care unit. A total of 70 patients, 35 in the intervention and 35 in the control group, were included in this randomised controlled study. While the patients in the intervention group were provided with earplugs and eye masks for 3 nights in addition to their routine care, only routine care was given to the patients in the control group. The ‘Introductory Information Form’, ‘Visual Analogue Scale‐Fear (VAS‐F)’, ‘Visual Analogue Scale‐Anxiety (VAS‐A)’, ‘Vital Signs Monitoring Form’, and ‘Richards‐Campbell Sleep Questionnaire’ were used for data collection. It was found that the mean scores of VAS‐F, VAS‐A, heart rate, diastolic and systolic blood pressure of the intervention group decreased significantly after the intervention, while their sleep quality increased significantly. In this study, it was found that using earplugs and eye masks for patients in an intensive care unit during the night was effective in improving patients’ sleep quality and reducing fear, anxiety, and problems in vital signs.
What is the impact of a Hepatitis C ‘test, trace and treat’ pilot using peer workers?
Authors: Caroline Allsop , Kate Mcque , Roberts Mark , Ryan Jelley , Murphy Suzanne , Richardson Carrie , Coyte Aishah , Taha Yusri , Stuart McPherson 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and deaths worldwide. HCV treating teams are working toward the goal of eliminating HCV by 2030. People who inject drugs (PWIDs) are at high risk of HCV but contact tracing is not routine practice. Here, we present the outcomes of a HCV ‘test, trace and treat’ pilot using peer workers to test contacts of individuals with HCV. PWIDs with HCV were invited to participate when they presented for treatment. For those agreeing to participate, a peer approached them to invite potential contacts for HCV testing. Data were collected on uptake, HCV test results, treatment rates and reasons for declining. Overall, 295 individuals (162 recent HCV [<1 year], 69 reinfections, 64 known chronic HCV) were invited to participate, of whom 147 (50%) agreed and 30 (20% of those agreeing) brought forward 120 contacts for testing. Of these, 44 (37%) were HCV RNA positive, including 23 who were not known to services. 34 (77%) started antiviral treatment. HCV RNA positivity was highest in contacts of reinfections (45%) compared with recent HCV (33%) and known chronic HCV (25%). The most common reason for index individuals declining participation was that they reported no longer being in contact with individuals from their injecting network (65%). In conclusion, half of PWIDs with HCV agreed to participate in the pilot, but only 20% of these brought contacts forward. The frequency of active HCV was high in the contacts and the majority started antiviral treatment.
The geography of (un)reasonable suspicion: Rethinking causes of racial disparities in police stops
Authors: Lautenschlager Rachel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn Illinois vs. Wardlow (2000), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that presence in a “high‐crime” area is one factor that police can consider when establishing reasonable suspicion to justify a Terry stop. Some legal scholars argue that through this decision the Court propagated inequity in police stops by setting a lower evidentiary standard for establishing reasonable suspicion in neighborhoods with greater numbers Black residents, which are more likely than White neighborhoods to be considered crime hot spots. To assess these claims, I analyze pedestrian stop data from the Chicago Police Department for the years 2016 and 2017. Using spatial regression techniques, I evaluate relationships between neighborhood measures of Black disadvantage, police stop justifications, and “hit rates” of stops. The results suggest that reasonable suspicion is uniquely constructed in disadvantaged Black neighborhoods but that this does not result in significantly different enforcement rates. Based on these results, I argue that policing scholars must reconsider sources of inequity in policing and, in particular, consider the role of the law in shaping these outcomes.
SIMS U‐Pb dating of micro‐zircons in the lunar meteorites Dhofar 1528 and Dhofar 1627
Authors: Zhang Bidong , Lin Yangting , Hao Jialong , Schrader Devin L. , Wadhwa Meenakshi , Korotev Randy L. , Hartmann William K. , Bouvier Audrey 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAbout half of the lunar meteorites in our collections are feldspathic breccias. Acquiring geochronologic information from these breccias is challenging due to their low radioactive‐element contents and their often polymict nature. We used high‐spatial‐resolution (5 μm) NanoSIMS (nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry) U‐Pb dating technique to date micro‐zircons in the lunar feldspathic meteorites Dhofar 1528 and Dhofar 1627. Three NanoSIMS dating spots of two zircon grains from Dhofar 1528 show a discordia with an upper intercept at 4354 ± 76 Ma and a lower intercept at 332 ± 1407 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 0.01, p = 0.91). Three spots of two zircon grains in Dhofar 1627 define a discordia with an upper intercept at 3948 ± 30 Ma and a lower intercept at 691 ± 831 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 0.40, p = 0.53). Both samples likely experienced shock metamorphism caused by impacts. Based on the clastic nature, lack of recrystallization and the consistent U‐Pb and Pb‐Pb dates of the zircons in Dhofar 1528, the U‐Pb date of 4354 Ma is interpreted as the crystallization age of its Mg‐suite igneous precursor. Some of the Dhofar 1627 zircons show poikilitic texture, a crystallization from the matrix impact melt, so the U‐Pb date of 3948 Ma corresponds to an impact event, likely the Imbrium basin‐forming event. These data are the first radiometric ages for these two meteorites and demonstrate that in situ (high spatial resolution) U‐Pb dating has potential for extracting geochronological information about igneous activities and impact events from lunar feldspathic and polymict breccias.
The Benin tusk and Zulu beadwork: Practicing decolonial work at Manchester Museum through shared authority
Authors: Chipangura Njabulo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe museum world is currently grappling with questions of how to decolonize anthropological collections and many of these debates are epistemologically oriented. In pursuit of colonial ordering, material culture was extracted from colonized societies, deprived of its contextual meaning, and scrutinized through the lens of colonial knowledge. This article considers how an empirical decolonial practice can be applied drawing on from the current work at the Manchester Museum (MM). Dialogue, open engagements, multivocal conversations, collaborations, and shared authority in knowledge production are some of the decolonial strategies that I share. To illustrate this praxis turn in museum decolonial work, I first look at how we have addressed cultural objects looted from Benin in 1897 that we hold and “contain” at MM in our living cultures collection, underscoring a commitment by MM to transparency and a provision of access to the living collection by different groups of people. The second example is drawn from a collaborative provenance research that I undertook with Nongoma community members in South Africa in rewriting biographies of Zulu beadwork that we house at MM. Overall, I argue that decolonization should embrace a relational practice of caring for objects through active relations of reciprocity and dialogue with communities. The downside of decolonial practices and how are they are inherently shaped by power imbalances and tensions between curators and communities is also critically discussed.
Center indifference and skepticism
Authors: Builes David 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMany philosophers have been attracted to a restricted version of the principle of indifference in the case of self‐locating belief. Roughly speaking, this principle states that, within any given possible world, one should be indifferent between different hypotheses concerning who one is within that possible world, so long as those hypotheses are compatible with one's evidence. My first goal is to defend a more precise version of this principle. After responding to several existing criticisms of such a principle, I argue that existing formulations of the principle are crucially ambiguous, and I go on to defend a particular disambiguation of the principle. According to the disambiguation I defend, how we should apply this restricted principle of indifference sensitively depends on our background metaphysical beliefs. My second goal is to apply this disambiguated principle to classical skeptical problems in epistemology. In particular, I argue that Eternalism threatens to lead us to external world skepticism, and Modal Realism threatens to lead us to inductive skepticism.
The peptidoglycan synthase PBP interacts with PLASTID DIVISION2 to promote chloroplast division in Physcomitrium patens
Authors: Chang Ying , Tang Ning , Zhang Min 
Published: September 2023

Summary

The peptidoglycan (PG) layer, a core component of the bacterial cell wall, has been retained in the Physcomitrium patens chloroplasts. The PG layer entirely encompasses the P. patens chloroplast, including the division site, but how PG biosynthesis cooperates with the constriction of two envelope membranes at the chloroplast division site remains elusive.

Here, focusing on the PG synthase penicillin‐binding protein (PBP), we performed cytological and molecular analyses to dissect the mechanism of chloroplast division in P. patens.

We showed that PBP, acting in the final step of PG biosynthesis, is likely a chloroplast inner envelope protein that can aggregate at mid‐chloroplasts during chloroplast division. Physcomitrium patens had five orthologs of PLASTID DIVISION2 (PDV2), an outer envelope component of the chloroplast division complex. Our data indicated that PpPDV2 proteins interact with PpPBP and are responsible for recruiting PpPBP to the chloroplast division site, in addition to PpDRP5B. Furthermore, we found that PBP deletion and carbenicillin application restrain constriction of the chloroplast division complex, rather than its assembly.

This work provides direct molecular evidence for a link between chloroplast division of P. patens and PG biosynthesis and indicates that PG biosynthesis is required for the constriction of the chloroplast division apparatus in P. patens.
Alpha‐band oscillations and emotion: A review of studies on picture perception
Authors: Codispoti Maurizio , De Cesarei Andrea , Ferrari Vera 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlthough alpha‐band activity has long been a focus of psychophysiological research, its modulation by emotional value during picture perception has only recently been studied systematically. Here, we review these studies and report that the most consistent alpha oscillatory pattern indexing emotional processing is an enhanced desynchronization (ERD) over posterior sensors when viewing emotional compared with neutral pictures. This enhanced alpha ERD is not specific to unpleasant picture content, as previously proposed for other measures of affective response, but has also been observed for pleasant stimuli. Evidence suggests that this effect is not confined to the alpha band but that it also involves a desynchronization of the lower beta frequencies (8–20 Hz). The emotional modulation of alpha ERD occurs even after massive stimulus repetition and when emotional cues serve as task‐irrelevant distractors, consistent with the hypothesis that evaluative processes are mandatory in emotional picture processing. A similar enhanced ERD has been observed for other significant cues (e.g., conditioned aversive stimuli, or in anticipation of a potential threat), suggesting that it reflects cortical excitability associated with the engagement of the motivational systems.
Choosing human over AI doctors? How comparative trust associations and knowledge relate to risk and benefit perceptions of AI in healthcare
Authors: Kerstan Sophie , Bienefeld Nadine , Grote Gudela 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe development of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is accelerating rapidly. Beyond the urge for technological optimization, public perceptions and preferences regarding the application of such technologies remain poorly understood. Risk and benefit perceptions of novel technologies are key drivers for successful implementation. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the factors that condition these perceptions. In this study, we draw on the risk perception and human‐AI interaction literature to examine how explicit (i.e., deliberate) and implicit (i.e., automatic) comparative trust associations with AI versus physicians, and knowledge about AI, relate to likelihood perceptions of risks and benefits of AI in healthcare and preferences for the integration of AI in healthcare. We use survey data (N = 378) to specify a path model. Results reveal that the path for implicit comparative trust associations on relative preferences for AI over physicians is only significant through risk, but not through benefit perceptions. This finding is reversed for AI knowledge. Explicit comparative trust associations relate to AI preference through risk and benefit perceptions. These findings indicate that risk perceptions of AI in healthcare might be driven more strongly by affect‐laden factors than benefit perceptions, which in turn might depend more on reflective cognition. Implications of our findings and directions for future research are discussed considering the conceptualization of trust as heuristic and dual‐process theories of judgment and decision‐making. Regarding the design and implementation of AI‐based healthcare technologies, our findings suggest that a holistic integration of public viewpoints is warranted.
Regulation of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol biosynthesis and biocontrol capacity by the BolA family protein IbaG in
Pseudomonas fluorescens
2P24
Authors: Dong Qiuling , Yan Qing , Zhang Bo , Zhang Li-qun , Wu Xiaogang 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

The monothiol glutaredoxin GrxD plays an essential role in the biosynthesis of the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) and the biocontrol capacity of the soil bacterium
Pseudomonas fluorescens
2P24. However, the detailed mechanism underlying GrxD-mediated activation of the production of 2,4-DAPG remains unclear. Here, we found that GrxD directly interacted with IbaG, a BolA protein family member. The mutation of
ibaG
significantly decreased 2,4-DAPG production. Furthermore, expressing
ibaG
restored the production of 2,4-DAPG in the
grxD ibaG
double mutant to wild-type levels in the presence of dithiothreitol, suggesting that IbaG was required for GrxD-mediated regulation of 2,4-DAPG production. Transcriptome sequencing analyses revealed that IbaG plays a global role in gene regulation by affecting the expression of numerous genes throughout the genome. We also demonstrated that IbaG is an important regulator of several cellular processes, including swarming motility, biofilm formation, siderophore production, and acid resistance. Altogether, our data suggest that IbaG has an essential role in 2,4-DAPG production, motility, and biofilm formation. We also propose a regulatory mechanism linking GrxD to 2,4-DAPG production via IbaG.

IMPORTANCE

The production of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) is positively influenced by the monothiol glutaredoxin GrxD in
Pseudomonas fluorescens
2P24. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying GrxD-mediated regulation of 2,4-DAPG biosynthesis is mostly uncharacterized. Here, we show the function of the BolA-like protein IbaG in 2,4-DAPG biosynthesis. We also demonstrate that GrxD directly interacts with IbaG and influences the redox state of IbaG. Altogether, this work provides new insights into the role of the highly conserved IbaG protein in regulating 2,4-DAPG synthesis, biofilm formation, and other biocontrol traits of
P. fluorescens
.