bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nightshift work can induce oxidative DNA damage: a pilot study
Authors: Zou Yutong , Ma Xiaoli , Chen Qian , Xu Ermu , Yu Jialei , Tang Yueming , Wang Danchen , Yu Songlin , Qiu Ling 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Regular sleep is very important for human health; however, the short-term and long-term effects of nightshift with sleep deprivation and disturbance on human metabolism, such as oxidative stress, have not been effectively evaluated based on a realistic cohort. We conducted the first long-term follow-up cohort study to evaluate the effect of nightshift work on DNA damage.

Methods
We recruited 16 healthy volunteers (aged 33 ± 5 years) working night shifts at the Department of Laboratory Medicine at a local hospital. Their matched serum and urine samples were collected at four time points: before, during (twice), and after the nightshift period. The levels of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoG) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), two important nucleic-acid damage markers, were accurately determined based on a robust self-established LC‒MS/MS method. The Mann–Whitney U or Kruskal–Wallis test was used for comparisons, and Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to calculate the correlation coefficients.

Results
The levels of serum 8-oxodG, estimated glomerular filtration rate-corrected serum 8-oxodG, and the serum-to-urine 8-oxodG ratio significantly increased during the nightshift period. These levels were significantly higher than pre-nightshift work level even after 1 month of discontinuation, but no such significant change was found for 8-oxoG. Moreover, 8-oxoG and 8-oxodG levels were significantly positively associated with many routine biomarkers, such as total bilirubin and urea levels, and significantly negatively associated with serum lipids, such as total cholesterol levels.

Conclusion
The results of our cohort study suggested that working night shifts may increase oxidative DNA damage even after a month of discontinuing nightshift work. Further studies with large-scale cohorts, different nightshift modes, and longer follow-up times are needed to clarify the short- and long-term effects of night shifts on DNA damage and find effective solutions to combat the negative effects.
Tobacco impact on quality of life, a cross-sectional study of smokers, snuff-users and non-users of tobacco
Authors: Wachsmann Solbrith , Nordeman Lena , Billhult Annika , Rembeck Gun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Tobacco smoking is a major public health issue, and also affects health-related quality of life. There has been considerable debate as to whether oral moist snuff, a form of tobacco placed in the oral cavity between the upper lip and gum as in sublabial administration, can be considered a safe alternative to smoking. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between health-related quality of life and smoking, snuff use, gender and age.

Method
This cross-sectional study included 674 women and 605 men aged 18 to 65 recruited through a Swedish population database. Subjects completed a questionnaire about tobacco use and the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed for the association between health-related quality of life and tobacco use, gender and age. The median perceived health-related quality of life (SF-36) for an age-matched Swedish population was used as the cutoff: above the cutoff indicated better-than-average health coded as 1, or otherwise coded as 0. The independent variables were smoking (pack-decades), snuff-use (box-decades), gender and age in decades. The outcome was presented as the Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for each independent variable.

Results
The experience of cigarette smoking is associated with decreased physical functioning (PF), general health (GH), vitality (VT), social functioning (SF) and mental health (MH) as well as both lower physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS). Further, the experience of snuff use is associated with bodily pain (BP), lower VT, and lower PCS. In the study population older age is associated with lower PF,GH, VT, MH, PCS and MCS. Female gender is associated with lower PF and VT.

Conclusion
This study shows that smoking is associated with lower health-related quality of life. The results also illuminate the detrimental health effects of using snuff, implying that snuff too is a health hazard. As studies on the bodily effects of snuff are relatively scarce, it is imperative that we continue to address and investigate the impact on the population using snuff on a regular basis.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT05409963 05251022 08/06/22.
Construction of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-related signature in lung adenocarcinoma by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Wang Yang , Nie Jun , Dai Ling , Hu Weiheng , Han Sen , Zhang Jie , Chen Xiaoling , Ma Xiangjuan , Tian Guangming , Wu Di , Zhang Ziran , Long Jieran , Fang Jian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a major component of lung cancer. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has emerged as a new target for some tumor treatments.

Methods
The expression and clinical data of LUAD samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, followed by acquiring ERS-related genes (ERSGs) from the GeneCards database. Differentially expressed endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (DE-ERSGs) were screened and used to construct a risk model by Cox regression analysis. Kaplan–Meier (K-M) curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to determine the risk validity of the model. Moreover, enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the high- and low- risk groups was conducted to investigate the functions related to the risk model. Furthermore, the differences in ERS status, vascular-related genes, tumor mutation burden (TMB), immunotherapy response, chemotherapy drug sensitivity and other indicators between the high- and low- risk groups were studied. Finally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the mRNA expression levels of prognostic model genes.

Results
A total of 81 DE-ERSGs were identified in the TCGA-LUAD dataset, and a risk model, including HSPD1, PCSK9, GRIA1, MAOB, COL1A1, and CAV1, was constructed by Cox regression analysis. K-M and ROC analyses showed that the high-risk group had a low survival, and the Area Under Curve (AUC) of ROC curves of 1-, 3- and 5-years overall survival was all greater than 0.6. In addition, functional enrichment analysis suggested that the risk model was related to collagen and extracellular matrix. Furthermore, differential analysis showed vascular-related genes FLT1, TMB, neoantigen, PD-L1 protein (CD274), Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE), and T cell exclusion score were significantly different between the high- and low-risk groups. Finally, qRT-PCR results showed that the mRNA expression levels of 6 prognostic genes were consistent with the analysis.

Conclusion
A novel ERS-related risk model, including HSPD1, PCSK9, GRIA1, MAOB, COL1A1, and CAV1, was developed and validated, which provided a theoretical basis and reference value for ERS-related fields in the study and treatment of LUAD.
Large left varicocele in a patient with portal hypertension treated via transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement and both variceal and varicocele embolization
Authors: Megahed Ayah , Schlachter Todd , Cornman-Homonoff Joshua 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Scrotal swelling from varicocele is a common complaint in adult men. Varicocele due to portosystemic collaterals is a rare presentation of portal hypertension. Imaging workup and intervention for varicocele in this case is more complex than varicocele due to absent or incompetent valves in the testicular veins and pampiniform plexus.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 53-year-old man with alcohol-related cirrhosis presented with persistent left scrotal heaviness, pain, and swelling found to have a large left varicocele. Given his history of cirrhosis, a contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis was obtained showing that the varices were supplied by a vessel arising from the splenic vein and draining into the left renal vein as well as gastric varices. Varicocele embolization alone is not sufficient in this case, and we treated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, variceal and varicocele embolization.

Conclusion
In patients presenting with a varicocele with a history of cirrhosis/portal hypertension, cross sectional imaging of the abdomen and pelvis should be obtained prior to treatment to evaluate for the presence of varices which may be pressured by varicocele embolization. If present, consideration should be given to referral to an interventional radiologist for possible concurrent variceal embolization and TIPS placement.
The role of community healthcare professionals in discussing sexual assault experiences during obstetrics and gynecological healthcare appointments
Authors: DeMaria Andrea L. , Meier Stephanie , King Hannah , Sidorowicz Haley , Seigfried-Spellar Kathryn C. , Schwab-Reese Laura M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Nearly half of adult women in the US report experiencing sexual assault, with almost one-fifth reporting rape. For many sexual assault survivors, healthcare professionals are the first point of contact and disclosure. This study aimed to understand how healthcare professionals working in community settings perceived their role in discussing sexual violence experiences with women during obstetrical and gynecological healthcare appointments. The secondary purpose was to compare healthcare professionals’ perspectives with the patients’ to determine how sexual violence conversations should occur in these environments.

Methods
Data were collected in two phases. Phase 1 consisted of 6 focus groups (Sept-Dec, 2019) with women aged 18–45 (n = 22) living in Indiana who sought community-based or private healthcare for women’s reproductive healthcare needs. Phase 2 included 20 key-informant interviews with non-physician healthcare professionals (i.e., NP, RN, CNM, doula, pharmacist, chiropractor) living in Indiana (September 2019-May 2020) who provided community-based women’s reproductive healthcare. Focus groups and interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analyses. HyperRESEARCH assisted in data management and organization.

Results
There were three resulting themes: (1) healthcare professionals’ approaches to screening for a history of sexual violence varied depending on how they ask, what setting they work in, and type of professional asking; (2) healthcare experiences can compound traumatic experiences and create distrust with survivors; and (3) sexual violence impacts patient healthcare experiences through what services they seek, how professionals may interact with them, and what professionals they are willing to utilize.

Conclusions
Findings offered insight into actionable and practical strategies for enhancing sexual violence screening and discussions in community-based women’s reproductive health settings. The findings offer strategies to address barriers and facilitators among community healthcare professionals and the people they serve. Incorporating healthcare professional and patient experiences and preferences for violence-related discussions during obstetrical and gynecological healthcare appointments can assist in violence prevention efforts, improve patient-professional rapport, and yield better health outcomes.
Household living conditions and individual behaviours associated with malaria risk: a community-based survey in the Limpopo River Valley, 2020, South Africa
Authors: Patrick Sean M. , Bendiane Marc-Karim , Kruger Taneshka , Harris Bernice N. , Riddin Megan A. , Trehard Helene , de Jager Christiaan , Bornman Riana , Gaudart Jean 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Over the past decade, implementation of multiple malaria control strategies in most countries has largely contributed to advance the global malaria elimination agenda. Nevertheless, in some regions, seasonal epidemics may adversely affect the health of local populations. In South Africa, Plasmodium falciparum malaria is still present, with the Vhembe District experiencing an incidence rate of 3.79 cases/1000 person-years in 2018, particularly in the Limpopo River Valley, bordering Zimbabwe. To elucidate the complexity of the mechanisms involved in local regular malaria outbreaks, a community-based survey was implemented in 2020 that focused on the relationship between housing conditions and malaria risky behaviours.

Methods
The community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among the population of three study sites in the Vhembe District, which were selected based on malaria incidence rate, social and health characteristics of inhabitants. The household survey used a random sampling strategy, where data were collected through face-to-face questionnaires and field notes; to described the housing conditions (housing questionnaire), and focus on individual behaviours of household members. Statistical analyses were performed combining hierarchical classifications and logistic regressions.

Results
In this study, 398 households were described, covering a population of 1681 inhabitants of all ages, and 439 adults who participated in community-based survey. The analysis of situations at risk of malaria showed that the influence of contextual factors, particularly those defined by the type of habitat, was significant. Housing conditions and poor living environments were factors of malaria exposure and history, regardless of site of investigation, individual preventive behaviours and personal characteristics of inhabitants. Multivariate models showed that, considering all personal characteristics or behaviours of inhabitants, housing conditions such as overcrowding pressures were significantly associated with individual malaria risk.

Conclusions
The results showed the overwhelming weight of social and contextual factors on risk situations. Considering the Fundamental Causes Theory, malaria control policies based on health behaviour prevention, should reinforce access to care or promoting health education actions. Overarching economic development interventions in targeted geographical areas and populations have to be implemented, so that malaria control and elimination strategies can be efficiently and effectively managed.
Spatial effects of public health laboratory emergency testing institutions under COVID-19 in China
Authors: Shi Baoguo , Wang Yanjie , Bai Xiaodan , Lai Yongqiang , Xiang Wenjing , Wu Bing , Xia Qi , Liu Xinwei , Li Ye 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The transmission of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has caused global panic in the past three years. Countries have learned an important lesson in the practice of responding to COVID-19 pandemic: timely and accurate diagnosis is critical. As an important technology of virus diagnosis, nucleic acid testing (NAT) is also widely used in the identification of other infectious diseases. However, geographic factors often constrain the provision of public health services such as NAT services, and the spatial nature of their resource allocation is a significant problem.

Methods
We used OLS, OLS-SAR, GWR, GWR-SAR, MGWR, and MGWR-SAR models to identify the determinants of spatial difference and spatial heterogeneity affecting NAT institutions in China.

Results
Firstly, we identify that the distribution of NAT institutions in China shows a clear spatial agglomeration, with an overall trend of increasing distribution from west to east. There is significant spatial heterogeneity in Chinese NAT institutions. Secondly, the MGWR-SAR model results show that city level, population density, number of tertiary hospitals and number of public health emergency outbreaks are important factors influencing the spatial heterogeneity of NAT institutions in China.

Conclusions
Therefore, the government should allocate health resources rationally, optimise the spatial layout of testing facilities, and improve the ability to respond to public health emergencies. Meanwhile, third-party testing facilities need to focus on their role in the public health emergency response system as a market force to alleviate the inequitable allocation of health resources between regions. By taking these measures to prepare adequately for possible future public health emergencies.
The oral microbiota is a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance: resistome and phenotypic resistance characteristics of oral biofilm in health, caries, and periodontitis
Authors: Anderson A. C. , von Ohle C. , Frese C. , Boutin S. , Bridson C. , Schoilew K. , Peikert S. A. , Hellwig E. , Pelz K. , Wittmer A. , Wolff D. , Al-Ahmad A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an ever-growing threat to modern medicine and, according to the latest reports, it causes nearly twice as many deaths globally as AIDS or malaria. Elucidating reservoirs and dissemination routes of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) are essential in fighting AMR. Human commensals represent an important reservoir, which is underexplored for the oral microbiota. Here, we set out to investigate the resistome and phenotypic resistance of oral biofilm microbiota from 179 orally healthy (H), caries active (C), and periodontally diseased (P) individuals (TRN: DRKS00013119, Registration date: 22.10.2022). The samples were analysed using shotgun metagenomic sequencing combined, for the first time, with culture technique. A selection of 997 isolates was tested for resistance to relevant antibiotics.

Results
The shotgun metagenomics sequencing resulted in 2,069,295,923 reads classified into 4856 species-level OTUs. PERMANOVA analysis of beta-diversity revealed significant differences between the groups regarding their microbiota composition and their ARG profile. The samples were clustered into three ecotypes based on their microbial composition. The bacterial composition of H and C samples greatly overlapped and was based on ecotypes 1 and 2 whereas ecotype 3 was only detected in periodontitis. We found 64 ARGs conveying resistance to 36 antibiotics, particularly to tetracycline, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin, and beta-lactam antibiotics, and a correspondingly high prevalence of phenotypic resistance. Based on the microbiota composition, these ARGs cluster in different resistotypes, and a higher prevalence is found in healthy and caries active than in periodontally diseased individuals. There was a significant association between the resistotypes and the ecotypes. Although numerous associations were found between specific antibiotic resistance and bacterial taxa, only a few taxa showed matching associations with both genotypic and phenotypic analyses.

Conclusions
Our findings show the importance of the oral microbiota from different niches within the oral cavity as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance. Additionally, the present study showed the need for using more than one method to reveal antibiotic resistance within the total oral biofilm, as a clear mismatch between the shotgun metagenomics method and the phenotypic resistance characterization was shown.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic landscape in aortic aneurysm
Authors: Cao Genmao , Xuan Xuezhen , Li Yaling , Hu Jie , Zhang Ruijing , Jin Haijiang , Dong Honglin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background and objectives
Phenotypic switching in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) has been linked to aortic aneurysm, but the phenotypic landscape in aortic aneurysm is poorly understood. The present study aimed to analyse the phenotypic landscape, phenotypic differentiation trajectory, and potential functions of various VSMCs phenotypes in aortic aneurysm.

Methods
Single-cell sequencing data of 12 aortic aneurysm samples and 5 normal aorta samples (obtained from GSE166676 and GSE155468) were integrated by the R package Harmony. VSMCs were identified according to the expression levels of ACTA2 and MYH11. VSMCs clustering was determined by the R package ‘Seurat’. Cell annotation was determined by the R package ‘singleR’ and background knowledge of VSMCs phenotypic switching. The secretion of collagen, proteinases, and chemokines by each VSMCs phenotype was assessed. Cell‒cell junctions and cell–matrix junctions were also scored by examining the expression of adhesion genes. Trajectory analysis was performed by the R package ‘Monocle2’. qPCR was used to quantify VSMCs markers. RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA FISH) was performed to determine the spatial localization of vital VSMCs phenotypes in aortic aneurysms.

Results
A total of 7150 VSMCs were categorize into 6 phenotypes: contractile VSMCs, fibroblast-like VSMCs, T-cell-like VSMCs, adipocyte-like VSMCs, macrophage-like VSMCs, and mesenchymal-like VSMCs. The proportions of T-cell-like VSMCs, adipocyte-like VSMCs, macrophage-like VSMCs, and mesenchymal-like VSMCs were significantly increased in aortic aneurysm. Fibroblast-like VSMCs secreted abundant amounts of collagens. T-cell-like VSMCs and macrophage-like VSMCs were characterized by high chemokine levels and proinflammatory effects. Adipocyte-like VSMCs and mesenchymal-like VSMCs were associated with high proteinase levels. RNA FISH validated the presence of T-cell-like VSMCs and macrophage-like VSMCs in the tunica media and the presence of mesenchymal-like VSMCs in the tunica media and tunica adventitia.

Conclusion
A variety of VSMCs phenotypes are involved in the formation of aortic aneurysm. T-cell-like VSMCs, macrophage-like VSMCs, and mesenchymal-like VSMCs play pivotal roles in this process.
Novel CH25H+ and OASL+ microglia subclusters play distinct roles in cerebral ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhang Yueman , Guo Yunlu , Li Ruqi , Huang Tingting , Li Yan , Xie Wanqin , Chen Chen , Chen Weijie , Wan Jieqing , Yu Weifeng , Li Peiying 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Microglial polarization is one of the most promising therapeutic targets for multiple central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including ischemic stroke. However, detailed transcriptional alteration of microglia following cerebral ischemic stroke remains largely unclear.

Methods
Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for 60 min in mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed using ischemic brain tissues from tMCAO and sham mice 3 days after surgery. Ch25h−/− mice were used to investigate the role of specific microglia subcluster on post-stroke infarct volume and neuroinflammation.

Results
We identified a relatively homeostatic subcluster with enhanced antigen processing and three “ischemic stroke associated microglia” (ISAM): MKI67+, CH25H+ and OASL+ subclusters. We found the MKI67+ subcluster undergo proliferation and differentiation into CH25H+ and OASL+ subclusters. CH25H+ microglia was a critical subcluster of ISAM that exhibited increased phagocytosis and neuroprotective property after stroke. Ch25h−/− mice developed significantly increased infarct volume following ischemic stroke compared to Ch25h+/−. Meanwhile, the OASL+ subcluster accumulated in the ischemic brain and was associated with the evolving of neuroinflammation after stroke, which was further aggravated in the aged mice brain.

Conclusions
Our data reveal previously unrecognized roles of the newly defined CH25H+ and OASL+ microglia subclusters following ischemic stroke, with novel insights for precise microglia modulation towards stroke therapy.