bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling green roofs in tropical housing to support micro-scale food security
Authors: Yuliani Sri , Triratma Bambang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Research on green roofs in tropical residential buildings has the opportunity to be a substitute for productive green spaces. This research implements several vegetable plants as building roof covering elements, i.e., peanut, eggplant, chili, and tomato. Experimental research was applied jointly for six months on four types of vegetables on a green roof covering an area of sixteen square meters. The green roof model consists of a green roof model on concrete and corrugated zinc through a floating technique as a roof model engineering. The aim of this research is to examine the roof as a substitute for green space in buildings. The results showed that the four types of vegetables could grow well on both roof models, both types of green roof have the opportunity to be implemented in residential areas, resulting in fruit that could be consumed on a household micro scale.
Application method of check all that apply on sensory evaluation of black garlic supplemented yogurt
Authors: Priadi G , Setiyoningrum F , Afiati F , Millatina N R N 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe sensory analysis can assess and describe the sensory attributes of food products. The aim of this study was to describe all the sensory attributes present in black garlic incubation 21 days at humidity 70-90 and temperature 70°C supplemented yogurt using the Check All That Apply (CATA) method, one of the methods that are simple and rapid. The test used 75 selected panellists with the criteria of liking yogurt and frequently consuming yogurt. Black garlic supplementation on yogurt causes attributes of granular mouthfeel, granular texture, garlic flavor, pungency, licorice aftertaste, and salty on yogurt. The attributes are different from standard yogurt according to the selected panellist’s perceptions. Plain flavor, milk flavor, and milk aroma are the high liking attributes of the product.
Land use change from marginal peaty rice fields to other land uses in Air Hitam irrigation area, Bengkulu, Indonesia
Authors: Barchia Muhammad Faiz , Sulistyo Bambang , Putri Elsa L. , Utami Kartika 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Land use changes cause uncertain conditions for rice production and food security in Indonesia as well as in Bengkulu. The land use changes on infertile peaty soils from paddy cultivation to oil palm plantation and other land uses treat rice production sustainability. The purposes of this research was to show land use conversion from rice field to other land functions in Air Hitam irrigation area, Bengkulu. This study was done from July to November 2021 at Air Hitam rice fields in Central Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu Province. The existing land use in three periods was analyzed using satellite imagery with appropriate resolutions and multitemporal time comprising Landsat 5 TM (Thematic Mapper), Landsat 7 ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper + and Landsat 8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) taken out 2000, 2010 and 2020 released by United States Geological Survey (USGS). The dominant land uses at the Air Hitam area in year of 2000 were mostly rice fields covering about 71.84%, and the rice fields in year of 2010 decrease to 53.63%. The rice fields conversion still continuous, and in 2020 the rice fields dropped to 47.65% while oil palm plantation covers about 38.74% of the area. In the last two decades the oil palm plantation cultivated by small scale farmers sharp increase, in contrast, rice fields at this area were huge loss. The rice field loss of 292.27 ha at the Air Hitam irrigation area threat rice production in Bengkulu.
Effect of plant population density of black maize on plant growth, baby-corn yield, and biomass
Authors: Purwani Tyastuti , Gunawan Made Candra , Astriani Dian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of black maize plant population density on plant growth, baby-corn yield, and biomass. The research was carried out from September to November 2021 on the plot of the Merang Mushroom Center and Integrated Farming of Lestari Makmur, Kepuhan Hamlet, Argorejo, Sedayu, Bantul, Yogyakarta with vertisol soil type and an altitude of 87.5 meters above sea level. The plant population density implemented in the number of plants per hole, namely 1, 2, 3, and 4 plants per hole, was tested using Completely Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. Each experimental unit measuring 3m × 3.5m with a plant spacing of 75cm × 25cm. Maintenance of experimental plants following the standard recommendations for corn cultivation. Cow manure 15 tons ha−1 was sown before planting, while NPK fertilizer of 300 kg ha was given 2 times on 2 and 4 weeks after planting, by making a whole, put fertilizer in, then covered with soil again. Detasseling was done before the tassels bloom. Baby corn was harvested up to maximum of 6 days after the ears appear. Biomass was harvested by cutting the plant stand after all baby-corn had been harvested. The observed variables were plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), stem diameter (mm), days to tasseling (days after planting), fresh and dry weight of plant (g), weight and diameter of ears, baby corn yield ha−1, and biomass yield ha−1. Data collected were analized by analysis of variance and DMRT at α= 5%. The results showed that the population density of black maize had an effect on stem diameter, plant fresh weight, baby-corn yield, and biomass yield per hectare. The largest stem diameter at a population density of 1 plant/hole. The yield of baby-corn per hectare was highest at a density of 3 or 4 plants per hole, and the highest biomass yield per hectare was at a density of 4 plants per hole. The weight, length, and diameter of baby-corn did not differ at various population densities.
Vortex phase deterioration common-path interferometry
Authors: Shetty Pritam P , Hemalatha V , Babu Mahalingam , Bingi Jayachandra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Common-path interferometers (CPIs) are significant due to their compactness and vibration resistance. The usual challenge with CPIs arises due to a very small separation between reference and sample beams, where sending a reference beam through a sample is considered to be a limitation. However, this limitation also makes it difficult to probe the interaction of beams with materials as a function of their phase structure. This study paves the way for a new kind of interferometry that can provide unique phase signatures to study the sample. This paper proposes and demonstrates a novel approach based on thermo-optic refraction, to send both beams through the sample and probe the phase deterioration due to the relative interaction of beams in the material medium. Here, thermo-optic refraction interferometry allows the superposition of a higher-order vortex beam with a non-vortex beam through the phenomenon of thermal lensing. The non-vortex beam is made to expand in a controlled fashion by another laser. The relative interaction between the expanding non-vortex beam and the vortex beam within the sample, results in the output interferogram. The phase deterioration analysis of the output interferogram elucidates medium-driven phase changes. This technique is demonstrated using milk samples by recording the root-mean-square azimuthal phase deterioration of the orbital angular momentum beam.
Computational modeling of sigmoid functionally graded material (SFGM) plate
Authors: Sharma Jai Kumar , Kumar Sateesh , Kumar Nishant , Hasnain S M Mozammil , Pandey Shatrudhan , Deifalla Ahmed Farouk , Ragab Adham E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) was used to explore the natural frequency response of functionally graded piezoelectric plates subjected to static electrical and mechanical strain in this present study. A monomorph model for a functionally graded piezoelectric plate with material properties that change according to sigmoid law with respect to plate thickness has been considered. A three-dimensional finite element model with a free tetrahedral element mesh was created using COMSOL 4.2 Multiphysics® software, with each node having three degrees of freedom. Variations in the FGPM plate’s free vibration boundary conditions, composition, and geometry have all been investigated. In free vibration analysis, non-dimensional natural frequency of FGPM plate initially decreasing considerably and then remaining almost constant with the increase in volume fraction index when material property graded by power law. When material properties are varied by sigmoid law, with an increase in volume fraction index, the non-dimensional natural frequency of FGPM plates remains virtually constant. FGPM plates have a lower non-dimensional natural frequency if the thickness to width ratio is greater. Non-dimensional natural frequencies of Clamped-Clamped FGPM plates (C–C–C–C) are greater compared to Clamped-Free FGPM (C–F–C–F) and Simply Supported Free FGPM (S–F–S–F).
Numerical simulation of ultrashort-pulse reflectometry (USPR) on EAST
Authors: YU Xiaofeng , CHEN Ran , LI Xiaoliang , ZHU Yilun , DOMIER Calvin W , RUAN Xinglei , HUANG Taihao , GUO Jin , LIN Ziyu , XU Guosheng , MAO Shifeng , LUHMANN Neville C , YE Minyou 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The microwave reflectometer is a popular non-intrusive plasma density diagnostic instrument on tokamaks that provides centimeter and millisecond level resolution. The ultrashort-pulse reflectometer (USPR) achieves plasma density measurement by emitting a chirped wave containing a broadband signal and measuring the time of flight from different frequency components. A USPR system is currently being built on EAST (Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak) to meet the needs of diagnostic of the pedestal density evolution, such as high-frequency small edge-localized modes. In order to predict the density reconstruction of the EAST USPR system, this work presents a numerical simulation study of the beam propagation of the chirped wave of extraordinary waves (X-mode) in the plasma based on Python. The electron density profile has been successfully reconstructed by the reflection signal interpretation. The small gap between the right-hand cut-off layer and the electron cyclotron resonance layer, due to the low plasma density on the plasma edge, causes unexpected leakage from the transmitting microwave beam to the pedestal and the core region. This kind of ‘tunneling’ effect will cause the reflected signal to have energy loss in the low-frequency band. The study also discusses the influence of the poloidal magnetic field on the reflected signal. The spatial variation of the poloidal magnetic field will lead to the conversion between extraordinary (X) waves and ordinary (O) waves, which leads to energy loss in the reflected signals. The simulation results show that the ‘tunneling’ effect and the O-X mode conversion effect have little effect on the EAST USPR system. Therefore, the currently designed transmit power meets the working requirements.
Geometry of phase-covariant qubit channels
Authors: Siudzińska Katarzyna 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We analyze the geometry on the space of non-unital phase-covariant qubit maps. Using the corresponding Choi-Jamiołkowski states, we derive the Hilbert-Schmidt line and volume elements using the channel eigenvalues together with the parameter that characterizes non-unitality. We find the shapes and analytically compute the volumes of phase-covariant channels, in particular entanglement breaking and obtainable with time-local generators.
Experimental study on long-term dynamic strength of gravel soil under traffic loading
Authors: Liu Dapeng , Wang Jing , Liu Mengxi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to maintain the long-term dynamic stability of gravel soil subgrade under traffic loading and prevent fatigue damage, it is necessary to determine the long-term dynamic strength of gravel soil under different working conditions. The dynamic triaxial test was carried out on the 40 groups of remolded gravel soil samples under chosen 8 working conditions. Based on the results of the dynamic triaxial test, the

ε

p

−
N

curves and

ε

p

−

lg

N

curves were drawn. Further, the

σ

d

−

lg

N

f

curves of gravel soil were drawn, and finally, the long-term dynamic strength computation model of gravel soil was established. The effects of confining pressure, water content, degree of compaction, loading frequency, and initial static deviatory stress on the long-term dynamic strength of gravel soil were also analyzed. It is concluded that With the increase of confining pressure and compaction degree, the long-term dynamic strength of increases. With the increase of the number of loading cycles and initial static deviatory stress, the long-term dynamic strength decreases. At the optimal water content, the long-term dynamic strength is the highest. And the impact of loading frequency on the long-term dynamic strength is relatively small. The relationship between the long-term dynamic strength under 1 × 106, 5 × 106 and 1 × 107 loading cycles of gravel soil and the resilient modulus was established, and the value of the relationship curve coefficient ranges from 0.885 to 1.945.
Characterization of developed low thermal scanner for DC voltage measurement
Authors: Munir Miftahul , Azzumar Muhammad , Syahadi Mohamad 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A low thermal scanner has been completely developed for improving DC voltage calibration from semi-automatic to fully automatic measurement system. The application of the switching system inside the built-up scanner introduced offset voltage to the measurement due to thermal electromotive force (EMF). A differential measurement method was proposed to characterize the thermal EMF of the scanner, and this method has been compared to previous characterization using the direct measurement method. The results show that the differential measurement method could minimize the thermal EMF effect, and the thermal EMF had a negligible contribution to the measurement for uncertainty levels around 10 to 11 ppm. Therefore, the differential measurement method is recommended for DC voltage calibration with uncertainty levels below 10 ppm since the thermal EMF can significantly affect the measurement. Furthermore, the direct measurement method is suggested for DC voltage calibration with uncertainty levels above 11 ppm since it can speed up the measurement process.
Learning latent functions for causal discovery
Authors: Díaz Emiliano , Varando Gherardo , Johnson J Emmanuel , Camps-Valls Gustau 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Causal discovery from observational data offers unique opportunities in many scientific disciplines: reconstructing causal drivers, testing causal hypotheses, and comparing and evaluating models for optimizing targeted interventions. Recent causal discovery methods focused on estimating the latent space of the data to get around a lack of causal sufficiency or additivity constraints. However, estimating the latent space significantly increases model complexity, compromising causal identifiability and making it hard to compare models that correspond to different causal hypotheses. We propose a kernel, non-parametric latent-space modelling approach and deal with the difficulty of comparing causal directions by measuring and controlling for the level of causal assumption fulfilment. We introduce a latent noise causal inference framework to estimate latent factors associated with the hypothesized causal direction by optimizing a loss function with kernel independence criteria. We extend the framework to work with time series using an additional time-dependent kernel regularizer. We discuss the additivity assumption and model complexity and give empirical evidence of performance in a wide range of synthetic and real causal discovery problems.
Determinants of respirable crystalline silica exposure in construction in western Canada
Authors: Gorman Ng Melanie , Li Avril Mu , Lavoué Jérôme , Davies Hugh W 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Task-based respirable crystalline silica (RCS) exposure monitoring data was collected from construction work sites across 3 Canadian provinces: Alberta, British Columbia (BC), and Manitoba. In total 373 RCS samples were obtained from 70 worksites across 44 companies. Sampling was conducted between May 2015 and August 2020. The overall geometric mean (GM) RCS exposure was 0.045 mg/m3 (geometric standard deviation, GSD = 6.8). Alberta had the highest average exposure and the highest variability with GM of 0.060 mg/m3 (GSD = 9.3), the GM in BC was 0.044 (GSD = 4.3), and in Manitoba the GM was 0.033 (GSD = 7.0). A multivariable model was built using forward stepwise linear regression modeling. Province, task type, work environment (indoor vs. outdoor), construction material, sampling duration, and engineering control use were all statistically significant predictors of exposure level in partial F-tests (P &lt; 0.05). Overall, the model explained 42% of the RCS concentration variability. Task type contributed most to the model’s explanatory power. The task type with highest average exposure levels was demolition (GM 0.30 mg/m3, GSD 0.49). Breaking (GM 0.16 mg/m3, GSD 8.4) and grinding (GM 0.081 m/m3, GSD 7.4) also had high-exposure levels. Working outdoors was associated with exposure levels 39% lower than indoors. Exposure control measures such as local exhaust ventilation and wetting were also associated with lower exposure levels. Among construction materials, Cement, sand, and stone were associated with higher RCS exposure levels relative to the reference material, concrete. The results of this study indicate that workers in western Canada remain exposed to RCS at levels that exceed the health-based American Congress for Governmental Industrial Hygienists Threshold Limit Value of 0.025 mg/m3. Although there were some differences in exposure levels between the provinces, the determinants of exposure were similar in all 3. The overall GM RCS exposure was 0.045 mg/m3 (geometric standard deviation, GSD = 6.8). Alberta had the highest average exposure and the highest variability with GM of 0.060 mg/m3 (GSD = 9.3), the GM in BC was 0.044 (GSD = 4.3), and in Manitoba the GM was 0.033 (GSD = 7.0).
The evolution of extra-pair paternity and paternal care in birds
Authors: Søraker Jørgen S , Wright Jonathan , Hanslin Fredrik Øglænd , Pepke Michael Le 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExtra-pair paternity (EPP) influences the relatedness between social parents and offspring. Therefore, one might expect the level of EPP to influence levels of paternal investment. Here, we investigated the effect of variation in EPP rates on male contributions to parental care within a phylogenetic framework of up to 271 primarily socially monogamous bird species representing 85 families. We used proportion of male provisioning and occurrence of male incubation and nestbuilding as measures of paternal care. We tested the relationship between EPP rates and different components of paternal care while controlling for various life-history traits, namely lifespan, clutch size, and body mass in a phylogenetic path analysis framework. EPP was significantly negatively associated with the occurrence (i.e., whether males participate or not) of male nestbuilding and incubation, but not with the relative amount (proportion) of nestbuilding or incubation performed by the male. Importantly, the proportion of provisioning and biomass delivery by males was clearly negatively associated with EPP. These analyses thus confirm that the effect of EPP on proportion of provisioning visits by males is similar to proportion of biomass delivery, an often assumed but rarely tested assumption. Analysing only Passerine species provided similar results, although only proportion of provisioning was significantly negatively associated with EPP. This study, therefore, provides the most comprehensive support to date of a negative relationship between EPP and paternal care across species. However, a causal relationship between EPP and paternal care cannot necessarily be concluded. We also identify key methodological improvements for future research within the topic.
ISRES+: an improved evolutionary strategy for function minimization to estimate the free parameters of systems biology models
Authors: Bandodkar Prasad , Shaikh Razeen , Reeves Gregory T 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Mathematical models in systems biology help generate hypotheses, guide experimental design, and infer the dynamics of gene regulatory networks. These models are characterized by phenomenological or mechanistic parameters, which are typically hard to measure. Therefore, efficient parameter estimation is central to model development. Global optimization techniques, such as evolutionary algorithms (EAs), are applied to estimate model parameters by inverse modeling, i.e. calibrating models by minimizing a function that evaluates a measure of the error between model predictions and experimental data. EAs estimate model parameters “fittest individuals” by generating a large population of individuals using strategies like recombination and mutation over multiple “generations.” Typically, only a few individuals from each generation are used to create new individuals in the next generation. Improved Evolutionary Strategy by Stochastic Ranking (ISRES), proposed by Runnarson and Yao, is one such EA that is widely used in systems biology to estimate parameters. ISRES uses information at most from a pair of individuals in any generation to create a new population to minimize the error. In this article, we propose an efficient evolutionary strategy, ISRES+, which builds on ISRES by combining information from all individuals across the population and across all generations to develop a better understanding of the fitness landscape.

Results
ISRES+ uses the additional information generated by the algorithm during evolution to approximate the local neighborhood around the best-fit individual using linear least squares fits in one and two dimensions, enabling efficient parameter estimation. ISRES+ outperforms ISRES and results in fitter individuals with a tighter distribution over multiple runs, such that a typical run of ISRES+ estimates parameters with a higher goodness-of-fit compared with ISRES.

Availability and implementation
Algorithm and implementation: Github—https://github.com/gtreeves/isres-plus-bandodkar-2022.
Beyond Technology-Facilitated Abuse: Domestic and Family Violence and Temporary Migration
Authors: Vasil Stefani , Segrave Marie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper explores the importance of moving beyond a narrow examination of technology-facilitated abuse (TFA) and domestic and family violence (DFV). Drawing on findings from two studies that capture the experiences of over 300 temporary visa holders in Australia, we detail how technology is one tool used within the context of patterns of control and isolation. We detail the experiences of TFA in our sample and then examine the importance of locating TFA within the broader context of structural inequality. We argue that the position of temporary non-citizens must be the foreground to identify the structural conditions that are sustained by the state and leveraged by perpetrators, rather than the specifics of the tools that are used to enact DFV.