bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-efficacy and self-management mediate the association of health literacy and quality of life among patients with TB in Tibet, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu An-kang , Liu Yu-yao , Su Jin , Gao Jing , Dong Li-juan , Lv Qi-yuan , Yang Qiao-hong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to analyze the relationship between health literacy and quality of life in patients with TB in Tibet and explore the mediating effects of self-efficacy and self-management in the relationship between health literacy and quality of life.

Methods
We used a convenience sampling method to select 271 cases of patients with TB in Tibet to conduct a survey of their general information, health literacy, self-management, self-efficacy and quality of life, and to construct structural equation models.

Results
The total health literacy score of patients with TB in Tibet was 84.28±18.57, while the lowest score was for information acquisition ability (55.99±25.66). Scores for quality of life were generally lower than the norm (patients with chronic diseases from other cities in China) (p&lt;0.01). Moreover, self-efficacy and self-management mediated the relationship between health literacy and quality of life (p&lt;0.05).

Conclusions
In Tibet, patients with TB have a low level of health literacy and an average level of quality of life. Emphasis should be placed on improving information access literacy, role-physicals and role-emotional to improve overall quality of life. The mediating roles of self-efficacy and self-management between health literacy and quality of life may provide a basis for further interventions.
Forum: Navigating the Global South Landscape: Insights and Implications for Representation and Inclusion in ISA Journals
Authors: Chagas-Bastos Fabrício H , Resende Erica , Ghosn Faten , Lisle Debbie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The International Studies Association (ISA) is widely recognized as an American-European-centric professional organization, with Global South scholars traditionally representing a minority of its membership. This pattern largely reflects the development of the International Relations (IR) discipline and its publication trends. In this Forum, we examine the progress made in the representation of Global South scholars within the IR discipline over the past decade, specifically focusing on the ISA as the primary professional body for IR scholars. We tackle some issues the Global South Task Force (GSTF) highlighted to a more assertive representativeness of the Global South within the ISA. Our analysis concentrates on ISA's journals data tracking to capture the current state of affairs and foster dialogue on developing inventive solutions to enhance diversity, intellectual plurality, and scholarly cultures within the IR discipline. Rather than resorting to outright criticism, we adopt a constructive stance, discussing attempted solutions and proposing steps to advance the discipline.
Drivers of inappropriate antibiotic use in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Otaigbe Idemudia Imonikhe , Elikwu Charles John 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global security threat that accounts for about 700 000 deaths annually. Studies have shown that antimicrobial resistance could result in a 2% to 3.5% reduction in global Gross Domestic Product by 2050 and a loss of between 60 and 100 trillion US dollars, worth of economic output resulting in significant and widespread human suffering. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) will be worse hit by an unchecked rise of AMR. For example, it is predicted that AMR could kill about 4.1 million people in Africa by 2050 if it is not curbed. Similarly rising rates of AMR will lead to increased treatment costs and an inability to attain universal health coverage, in LMICs with fragile health systems. Sadly, AMR is driven by the inappropriate use of antimicrobials, especially antibiotics. Inappropriate antibiotic use is a pertinent problem in LMICs where regulatory frame works are weak. Inappropriate antibiotic use in LMICs is a multifaceted problem that cuts across clinical and veterinary medicine and agriculture. Therefore, efforts geared at curbing inappropriate antibiotic use in LMICs must identify the factors that drive this problem (i.e. inappropriate antibiotic use) in these countries. A clear knowledge of these factors will guide effective policy and decision making to curb inappropriate antibiotic use and ultimately AMR. The focus of this review is to discuss the factors that drive inappropriate antibiotic use in LMICs.
The Law and the Profits: Lewis Granom and the Royal Licence as a Form of Music Copyright Protection
Authors: Duncan Cheryll 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
In 1753 the composer Lewis Granom instigated proceedings against several London music sellers, led by John Cox, for breach of copyright. The complaint unravelled because the royal licence/privilege he had acquired to protect his XII New Songs and Ballads against piracy post-dated their publication. After explaining why most composers relied on the licence for protection, and not the 1710 Copyright Act, a survey of its use c.1720–c.1765 leads to a re-examination of three test cases that corrects previous misconceptions about its efficacy. Detailed discussion of the litigation exposes weaknesses in Granom’s case, identifies the engraver Cox employed to copy the songs, shows that the outcome was consistent with evolving legal thinking about privileges, and reveals that an unwritten convention bound composers to notify music sellers if their publications were licensed. This study is an antidote to prevailing scholarly claims that the licence was a toothless instrument that did little to discourage piracy.
Neoadjuvant Versus Adjuvant Systemic Therapy for Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Changing Landscape Due to Immunotherapy
Authors: John Ajoy Oommen , Ramnath Nithya 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. One-third of NSCLC patients present with surgically resectable, non-metastatic disease; however, many of these patients will recur despite curative surgery and adjuvant therapy. The recent publication of randomized trials incorporating immune check-point inhibitors (ICI) to the standard neo-adjuvant and adjuvant treatment regimens has reported improved survival with manageable toxicity profiles. The IMpower 010 studied the use of adjuvant atezolizumab after standard surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. They demonstrated an improvement in 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) prompting a change in treatment guidelines. The Checkmate 816 and NADIM II studies evaluated the addition of pembrolizumab and nivolumab, respectively, to standard neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. The results from both trials showed an improvement in 2-year event-free survival (EFS) and 2-year PFS (PFS), respectively. In this review, we summarize the prior data regarding adjuvant and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in NSCLC and elaborate on results from the newer trials incorporating ICIs. We briefly discuss the pros and cons of each treatment approach along with areas that need further clarity to inform clinical practice and future directions for research in this disease.
Heat induces multiomic and phenotypic stress propagation in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Feugere Lauric , Bates Adam , Emagbetere Timothy , Chapman Emma , Malcolm Linsey E , Bulmer Kathleen , Hardege Jörg , Beltran-Alvarez Pedro , Wollenberg Valero Katharina C 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHeat alters biology from molecular to ecological levels, but may also have unknown indirect effects. This includes the concept that animals exposed to abiotic stress can induce stress in naive receivers. Here, we provide a comprehensive picture of the molecular signatures of this process, by integrating multiomic and phenotypic data. In individual zebrafish embryos, repeated heat peaks elicited both a molecular response and a burst of accelerated growth followed by a growth slowdown in concert with reduced responses to novel stimuli. Metabolomes of the media of heat treated vs. untreated embryos revealed candidate stress metabolites including sulfur-containing compounds and lipids. These stress metabolites elicited transcriptomic changes in naive receivers related to immune response, extracellular signaling, glycosaminoglycan/keratan sulfate, and lipid metabolism. Consequently, non-heat-exposed receivers (exposed to stress metabolites only) experienced accelerated catch-up growth in concert with reduced swimming performance. The combination of heat and stress metabolites accelerated development the most, mediated by apelin signaling. Our results prove the concept of indirect heat-induced stress propagation toward naive receivers, inducing phenotypes comparable with those resulting from direct heat exposure, but utilizing distinct molecular pathways. Group-exposing a nonlaboratory zebrafish line, we independently confirm that the glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis-related gene chs1 and the mucus glycoprotein gene prg4a, functionally connected to the candidate stress metabolite classes sugars and phosphocholine, are differentially expressed in receivers. This hints at the production of Schreckstoff-like cues in receivers, leading to further stress propagation within groups, which may have ecological and animal welfare implications for aquatic populations in a changing climate.
Student close contact behavior and COVID-19 transmission in China's classrooms
Authors: Guo Yong , Dou Zhiyang , Zhang Nan , Liu Xiyue , Su Boni , Li Yuguo , Zhang Yinping 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Classrooms are high-risk indoor environments, so analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission in classrooms is important for determining optimal interventions. Due to the absence of human behavior data, it is challenging to accurately determine virus exposure in classrooms. A wearable device for close contact behavior detection was developed, and we recorded &gt;250,000 data points of close contact behaviors of students from grades 1 to 12. Combined with a survey on students' behaviors, we analyzed virus transmission in classrooms. Close contact rates for students were 37 ± 11% during classes and 48 ± 13% during breaks. Students in lower grades had higher close contact rates and virus transmission potential. The long-range airborne transmission route is dominant, accounting for 90 ± 3.6% and 75 ± 7.7% with and without mask wearing, respectively. During breaks, the short-range airborne route became more important, contributing 48 ± 3.1% in grades 1 to 9 (without wearing masks). Ventilation alone cannot always meet the demands of COVID-19 control; 30 m3/h/person is suggested as the threshold outdoor air ventilation rate in a classroom. This study provides scientific support for COVID-19 prevention and control in classrooms, and our proposed human behavior detection and analysis methods offer a powerful tool to understand virus transmission characteristics and can be employed in various indoor environments.
Neutrino propagation in the neutron star with uncertainties from nuclear, hadron, and particle physics
Authors: Hutauruk Parada T P , Gil Hana , Nam Seung-il , Hyun Chang Ho 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the present work, we investigate the neutral-current neutrino-nucleon scattering in the nuclear medium using various energy-density functional models such as KIDS (Korea-IBS-Daegu-SKKU) and SLy4, together with the quark-meson coupling model for the nucleon form factors at finite density. The differential cross-section and neutrino mean free path are computed numerically, considering the density-dependent nucleon form factors (DDFF) and neutrino structural properties such as the neutrino magnetic moment (NMM) and its electric charge radius (NCR). It turns out that the DDFF decreases the scattering cross-section, whereas the NCR increases it considerably. The effect of the NMM turns out to be almost negligible. We also observe that the value of the neutron effective mass is of importance in the neutron-star cooling process, indicating that for a neutron effective mass larger than the mass in free space, the neutrino can interact with matter at densities ρ ≳ 1.5ρ0 in a neutron star with radius 13 km.
Postirradiation temperature influences DSB repair and dicentric chromosome formation—potential impact for dicentric chromosome analysis in interlaboratory comparisons
Authors: Beinke Christina , Port Matthias , Scherthan Harry 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The objective was to investigate the influence of different pre-storage temperatures in the dicentric chromosome analysis (DCA) protocol (22°C vs. 37°C) by using γ-H2AX + 53BP1 foci as a marker for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) double-strand break (DSB) damage induction and repair and the formation of dicentric chromosomes as a result of mis-repair. Repair of γ-H2AX + 53BP1 DSB foci was absent in samples that were incubated for 2 h at 22°C after exposure of 0.5 and 1.2 Gy. When 0.5- and 1.2-Gy-exposed samples were incubated at 37°C for 2 h, there was an average decline of 31 and 52% of DSB foci, respectively. This indicated that DNA repair occurred. There was a 27% decrease in dicentric chromosome yield at 1.2 Gy and a 15% decrease at 3.5 Gy after post-irradiation incubation for 2 h at 37°C relative to the observed dicentric frequencies at 22°C. Recommended to re-phase: our data suggested that there were more open DSBs after a 2-h incubation at 22°C, which contributed to more mis-repair and dicentric formation from the start of culture. Our findings are corroborated by publications showing that lesion interaction based on enzymatic activity is suppressed below 21°C. As such temperature variations can be a source of variation in DCA during interlaboratory comparison studies, we propose to establish a common guide for the standardisation of pre-culture conditions in cytogenetic dosimetry proficiency testing.
Marking Race: Empire, Social Democracy, Deindustrialization
Authors: Matera Marc , Natarajan Radhika , Perry Kennetta Hammond , Schofield Camilla , Waters Rob 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This joint-authored essay concludes the thematic issue ‘Marking Race’. Drawing on the authors’ individual essays and reviewing the wider literatures in the field of race and immigration, imperialism and decolonization, social democracy and the welfare state, and deindustrialization, the essay makes a series of proposals about what an analytical focus on race adds to our understanding of modern British history.
The African Grounds of Race Relations in Britain
Authors: Matera Marc 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
‘Race relations’ became the most common way of conceptualizing the ‘integration’ of Commonwealth migrants and various obstacles to it in post-war Britain. However, interest in race relations did not centre initially on Afro-Caribbeans and other non-white migrants to metropolitan Britain as is commonly assumed. Before the 1960s, efforts to study and manage them centred primarily on British settler colonies in Africa. This article demonstrates how colonial Africa provided institutional models and much of the personnel and start-up capital for a race relations industry in Britain that depoliticized racism and delegitimated anticolonial and Black Power politics by attributing them to racial identification. Studies of and policies directed towards race relations in 1960s Britain emerged alongside and in connection with efforts to manage, co-opt, or divert the transformative potential of African liberation movements and to shape post-colonial futures with neoliberal solutions.
Assessing the effect of N-oxidation on the mutagenicity of 1-pyrazolines using the Ames assay
Authors: Inami Keiko , Miura Motofumi , Yoshida Masafumi , Mochizuki Masataka 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
N-Nitrosamines are well known as environmental carcinogens. We have reported that N-nitroso-N-methylbutylamine was oxidized by Fe2+-Cu2+-H2O2 to 5-methyl-5-nitro-1-pyrazoline, a direct-acting N-oxide. 1-Pyrazolines have not been reported to exhibit genotoxicity. In this study, we investigated the effect of N-oxidation on the mutagenicity of 1-pyrazolines using the Ames assay. The mutagenicity of 5-alkyl-5-nitro-1-pyrazoline 1-oxide (1a; methyl, 1b; ethyl), the N-oxide isomer (3-alkyl-3-nitro-1-pyrazoline 1-oxide; 2a; methyl, 2b; ethyl), and the corresponding nonoxides (3-alkyl-3-nitro-1-pyrazoline; 3a; methyl, 3b; ethyl) was assayed in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA. The ratios of mutagenic potency in S. typhimurium TA1535 versus E. coli WP2uvrA were compared with those of N-alkylnitrosoureas. To predict the reaction site on the pyrazolines with nucleophiles, the electron density of the pyrazolines was obtained by theoretical calculations. The pyrazolines were mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA1535 and E. coli WP2uvrA. The ratio of S. typhimurium TA1535 to E. coli WP2uvrA 1a (87:13) or 1b (90:10) was similar to that of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (70:30). In contrast, the mutagenic ratio of 2a (22:78) or 2b (52:48) was similar to that of N-propyl-N-nitrosourea (48:52) or N-butyl-N-nitrosourea (14:86). The ratio of 3a (53:47) or 3b (54:46) was similar to that of N-propyl-N-nitrosourea or N-butyl-N-nitrosourea. The pyrazolines exhibit genotoxicity, and the mutagenic potency of the 1-pyrazolines is influenced by N-oxidation. We estimated that the mutagenicity of 1a or 1b was caused by DNA ethylation, and the isomers or the nonoxides were mutagenic via formation of alkylated DNA, which contains an alkyl chain longer than the propyl.
Review of the zebrafish as a model to investigate per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance toxicity
Authors: Rericha Yvonne , Simonich Michael T , Truong Lisa , Tanguay Robyn L 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe existence of thousands of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and evidence that some cause adverse health effects has created immense need to better understand PFAS toxicity and to move beyond one-chemical-at-a-time approaches to hazard assessment for this chemical class. The zebrafish model enables rapid assessment of large libraries of PFAS, powerful comparison of compounds in a single in vivo system, and evaluation across life stages and generations, and has led to significant advances in PFAS research in recent years. The focus of this review is to assess contemporary findings regarding PFAS toxicokinetics, toxicity and apical adverse health outcomes, and potential modes of action using the zebrafish model. Much of the peer-reviewed literature has focused on a small subset of PFAS structural subclasses, such as the perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids and perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids. However, recent data on more diverse PFAS structures are enabling prioritization of compounds of concern. Structure-activity comparisons and the utilization of modeling and ‘omics technologies in zebrafish have greatly contributed to our understanding of the hazard potential for a growing number of PFAS and will surely inform our understanding and predictive capabilities for many more PFAS in the future.
Mental Health Implications of Abortion Restrictions for Historically Marginalized Populations
Authors: Ogbu-Nwobodo L. , Shim R.S. , Vinson S.Y. , Mangurian C. 
Published: May 2023

(N Engl J Med. 2022;387:1613–1617)
With the dismantling of nationwide legal abortion in the United States by the Supreme Court ruling on Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health, it is expected that there are far-reaching effects that will disproportionately affect historically marginalized populations. Access to equitable health care is met with many barriers for these groups, which include racial and sexual minorities, and people with mental health conditions, substance abuse disorders and trauma. Disparity in pregnancy outcomes currently occur in these groups and the Dobbs decision is expected to exacerbate this.
Planned Cesarean Section Versus Planned Vaginal Delivery Among Women Without Formal Medical Indication for Planned Cesarean Section: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Maternal Short-term Complications
Authors: Dahlquist K. , Stuart A. , Kallen K. 
Published: May 2023

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2022;101:1026–1032)
The rates of cesarean delivery (CD) have climbed worldwide over the past 3 decades. While the increased risks of serious complications associated with CD compared with vaginal delivery (VD) have been well described, there is a lack of information on the risks and benefits of CD without medical indication, or “CD on maternal request.” This study compared the rates of short-term complications, including postpartum thromboembolism and infections, with planned, requested CD compared with planned VD.
Carbetocin Versus Oxytocin at Elective Caesarean Delivery: A Double-blind, Randomized, Controlled, Noninferiority Trial of Low-dose and High-dose Regimens
Authors: McDonagh F. , Carvalho J.C.A. , Abdulla S. , Downey K. , Ye X.Y. , Farine D. , Morais M. , Balki M. 
Published: May 2023

(Anaesthesia. 2022;77:892–900)
Oxytocin and carbetocin are both uterotonics, and are recommended for prophylactically combatting postpartum uterine atony. They are currently used at high doses but some advocate for lower doses that would carry less risk for adverse effects. This double-blind, randomized, controlled non-inferiority study compared carbetocin and oxytocin at low and high doses during elective cesarean delivery (CD).
Clean Cooking Fuels to Improve Health During Pregnancy
Authors: Wylie B.J. , Asante K.P. 
Published: May 2023

(N Engl J Med. 2022;387:1805–1807)
Three billion people worldwide depend on solid biomass fuels for cooking or heating, leading to millions of adverse health outcomes and deaths. Neonates are no exception with pollution from biomass fuel cookstoves causing low birth weight and pneumonia.
Preventing Spinal Hypotension During Cesarean Birth With 2 Initial Boluses of Norepinephrine in Chinese Parturients: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Trial
Authors: Lyu W. , Wei P. , Tang W. , Ma X. , Zheng Q. , Zhou H. , Zhou J. , Li J. 
Published: May 2023

(Anesth Analg. 2023;136:94–100)
Spinal hypotension is a common adverse outcome during cesarean delivery and impacts 70% to 80% of mothers. Norepinephrine has proven effective in preventing spinal hypotension, however, the optimal regimen of norepinephrine has yet to be determined. This study hypothesized an initial norepinephrine bolus helps prevent spinal hypotension compared with continuous norepinephrine alone. The aim of this study was to compare 2 loading boluses of norepinephrine (0.05 and 0.10 μg/kg) followed by regular 0.05 μg/kg/min infusion during cesarean delivery in ability to prevent spinal hypotension using noninvasive blood pressure measurements.