bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultural Roots of Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Second-Generation Immigrants
Authors: Kleinhempel Johannes , Klasing Mariko J. , Beugelsdijk Sjoerd 
Published: December 2022

Does national culture influence entrepreneurship? Given that entrepreneurship and the economic, formal institutional, and cultural characteristics of nations are deeply intertwined and co-vary, it is difficult to isolate the effect of culture on entrepreneurship. In this study, we examine the self-employment choices of second-generation immigrants who were born, educated, and currently live in one country, but were raised by parents stemming from another country. We argue that entrepreneurship is influenced by durable, portable, and intergenerationally transmitted cultural imprints such that second-generation immigrants are more likely to become entrepreneurs if their parents originate from countries characterized by a strong entrepreneurial culture. Our multilevel analysis of two independent samples—65,323 second-generation immigrants of 52 different ancestries who were born, were raised, and live in the United States and 4,165 second-generation immigrants of 31 ancestries in Europe—shows that entrepreneurial culture is positively associated with the likelihood that individuals are entrepreneurs. Our results are robust to alternative non-cultural explanations, such as differences in resource holdings, labor market discrimination, and direct parent-child linkages. Overall, our study highlights the durability, portability, and intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurial culture as well as the profound impact of national culture on entrepreneurship. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1645 .
Early adolescents’ knowledge of anatomy, sexual characteristics and contraception from reproductive health education in Bagamoyo, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yuri Saori , Madeni Frida , Shishido Eri , Horiuchi Shigeko 
Published: December 2022

Background/Aims Adolescent girls in Tanzania may drop out of school if they experience an unwanted pregnancy. Evidence shows that sex education can improve adolescents’ understanding of issues related to intercourse, pregnancy and contraception, but this education is lacking in Tanzania. In order to improve sex education in Tanziania, this study investigated early adolescents’ knowledge of anatomy, changes during puberty, pregnancy, contraception and safety. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 10−14-year-old students in a primary school in Bagamoyo, Tanzania. A questionnaire was used to gather data on participants’ knowledge of fundamental anatomy and physiology, sexual characteristics and contraception. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, with P<0.05 used to determine significance. Results A total of 111 students (44 girls, 67 boys, from the fifth and sixth grades) participated. Significantly more boys than girls had begun talking to classmates about steady girl/boyfriends across both grades (P=0.003). The participants’ understanding of basic anatomy (including the functions of the heart, lungs and digestive system) was mostly high, although they scored low in some areas (pain, dentistry and facial muscles). When asked about pregnancy, contraception and safety, significantly more boys than girls could correctly identify appropriate contraception for teenagers (P=0.01). When analysed by grade, the boys’ grade had a significant impact on whether they correctly answered the questions on pregnancy (P=0.001) and contraception (P=0.001), but there were no differences in answers between girls of different grades. Conclusions Girls’ knowledge of pregnancy, contraception and safety was significantly lower than the boys, and despite beginning sex education in sixth grade, no significant differences in were observed between the fifth and sixth grade answers by the girls. The comprehensive sexual education programme for adolescent girls in Tanzania needs urgent improvement.
Antenatal care attendance and sociocultural predictors of antenatal care initiation in Tolon, Ghana
Authors: Ziblim Shamsu-Deen , Suara Sufyan Bakuri , Seidu Balkisu 
Published: December 2022

Background/Aims Data on sociocultural determinants of late antenatal care initiation during pregnancy are scarce. This study evaluated pregnant women living in Tolon and the sociocultural factors that influence antenatal care initiation. Methods This study was cross-sectional. The odds of late antenatal care initiation were determined using binary logistic regression models and qualitative data were presented as illustrative quotations. Results The prevalence of late antenatal care initiation was high (72%). A woman and her spouse’s education were both found to impact antenatal care initiation, with formal education making early initiation more likely (P<0.001), although spouse’s education was not significant in the adjusted model. In both the unadjusted and adjusted models, women who experienced pregnancy ‘outdooring’ rites to announce their pregnancy were more likely to initiate antenatal care late than those who did not (P<0.001). Conclusions There was a positive relationship between pregnancy rites and late antenatal care initiation. The district health directorate needs to intensify campaigns against traditional pregnancy rituals that negatively impact early antenatal care initiation.
The effect of maternity waiting homes on pregnancy outcomes in West Gojjam, northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Alene Amelework Getinet , Olayemi Oladapo O , Oladokun Adesina , Berhane Yemane 
Published: December 2022

Background/Aims Maternity waiting homes are temporary shelters for pregnant women located near a hospital or health centre and are designed to reduce adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. However, studies assessing the association between maternity waiting home use and adverse pregnancy outcomes are limited. This study assessed the association between maternity waiting home use and adverse pregnancy outcomes in northwest Ethiopia. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted among women attending antenatal care in public health facilities in West Gojjam, northwest Ethiopia. Pregnant women (28 weeks or more gestation) were enrolled and followed up until birth. Maternity waiting home use was classified as if a pregnant woman stayed for at least 1 week in a maternity waiting home before birth. Log-binomial regression analysis was used to calculate the effect of maternity waiting homes on adverse pregnancy outcomes and to control the effect of potential confounders. Results A total of 810 women completed follow up and were included in the analysis. The incidence of composite adverse pregnancy outcomes was lower among maternity waiting home users compared to non-users (16.3% vs 24.5%). Maternity waiting home users had a lower risk of perinatal death (P=0.003), low birth weight (P=0.004) and preterm birth (P=0.007) than non-users. There were no significant differences in the risk of prolonged labour and postpartum haemorrhage between maternity waiting home users and non-users. Conclusions Staying in a maternity waiting home was significantly associated with a lower risk of perinatal death, low birth weight and preterm birth, and maternity waiting home users had approximately 50% lower adverse perinatal outcomes than non-users. Therefore, the Amhara Regional Health Bureau, zonal health departments, district health offices and other stakeholders should strengthen the use of maternity waiting homes.
Supporting the needs of midwives caring for women with perinatal loss in South Africa
Authors: Kave Yekiswa V , Sonti Balandeli SI , Morton David G , James Sindiwe 
Published: December 2022

Background/Aim Midwives play an important role in assisting women to cope with the initial trauma of perinatal loss, but their own coping and support needs can be overlooked. The purpose of the study was to explore the coping behaviours and support needs of midwives caring for women with perinatal loss. Methods A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive design was used. Data were collected using semi-structured one-on-one interviews with 13 purposively sampled participants from the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District. Results Three themes emerged concerning midwives' coping mechanisms in relation to perinatal loss, their views on support from management and the need for psychological and emotional support. Conclusions The participants felt the need for unit-based psychological and emotional support. They called for the development of a protocol for midwives to manage perinatal loss events. They felt that the layout of the labour wards needed to be redesigned and that the problem of staff shortages needed to be urgently addressed.
Barriers and facilitators to infection prevention and control guidelines adherence: an integrative review
Authors: McCarthy Maura , Giltenane Martina , Doody Owen 
Published: December 2022

Background/Aims Midwives play a key role in the prevention and control of infection. The identification of barriers and facilitators to guideline adherence is of paramount importance to improve compliance and ultimately patient care. This review's aim was to explore barriers and facilitators to midwives' infection prevention and control guideline adherence. Methods This integrated review used the Whittemore and Knafl method to conduct a systematic search of eight databases for research carried out between 2015 and 2021. Data were analysed using the Braun and Clarke framework and reported using PRISMA guidelines. Results Four themes were identified: ‘compliance is infrastructure and resource dependent’, ‘recognising and working with what you have’, ‘midwives' fear and anxiety’ and ‘culture change: a mammoth challenge’. Midwifery experience of infection prevention and control guidelines adherence is affected by factors such as resource availability, guideline availability, healthcare systems, socioeconomic factors and midwives' personal influences. Conclusions Education for midwives is crucial to improve adherence to infection prevention and control guidance. However, education from a behaviour change standpoint has been shown to be most effective and this should be incorporated into training programmes.
Factors associated with global cognitive impairment in epilepsy patients: a cross-sectional study in Mataram, Indonesia
Authors: Harahap Herpan Syafii , Rizki Mohammad , Irawati Deasy 
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is a major complication of epilepsy. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with the prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with epilepsy in Mataram, Indonesia.
METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 155 consecutive outpatients with epilepsy at Mataram General Hospital, Mutiara Sukma Mental Hospital, and Siti Hajar Hospital, Mataram, Indonesia between September 2017 and August 2020. Data on the patient’s demographic characteristics, epilepsy, treatment variables, and global cognitive status were collected. The association between the determinants of epilepsy-associated cognitive impairment and the prevalence of epilepsy-associated global cognitive impairment was analyzed using logistic regression.
RESULTS The prevalence of epilepsy-associated global cognitive impairment was 83.9% and related to a low level of education (odds ratio [OR] = 5.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.93–14.20), early age at onset (OR = 7.85, 95% CI = 0.82–33.79), and long duration of epilepsy (OR = 8.47, 95% CI = 1.95–36.88).
CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence of epilepsy-associated global cognitive impairment was observed in Mataram and was associated with a low level of education, early age at onset, and long duration of epilepsy.
On the independent significance of generalizations of the Wigner distribution function
Authors: Zheng Yushi , Healy John J. 
Published: December 2022

The Wigner distribution function (WDF) is a significant time-frequency analysis tool in, e.g., the theory of optical coherence and signal processing. Recently, various generalizations of the WDF associated with linear canonical transforms have been proposed to improve and broaden its applications. It is useful to identify which of these novel distributions have independent significance for further investigation. We plot these distributions for a test signal using symbolic integration to find which distributions are linear coordinate transforms of the WDF or have unique features. Five distributions are determined to be linear coordinate transforms of the WDF. Two distributions show unique characteristics. We focus on the mathematical interpretation, properties, and possible applications of those two distributions. We demonstrate how one of them can be used in the analysis of partially coherent systems.
Association Between Opioid Use and Outpatient Visits for Dysphagia: An Analysis of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey in 2008–2018
Authors: Flanagan Ryan , Lopes Emily W. , Glissen Brown Jeremy R. , Tracy Michaela S. , Chan Walter W. 
Published: December 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Opioid-induced esophageal dysfunction has been described with characteristic manometric patterns, but the population burden of dysphagia attributable to opioid use remains unclear.

METHODS:
The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2008 to 2018 was used to assess the relationship between opioid use and outpatient visits for dysphagia.

RESULTS:
After controlling for potential confounders, there were no significant difference in ambulatory visits for dysphagia between opioid users and nonusers (adjusted odds ratio = 0.98, confidence interval: 0.59–1.65).

DISCUSSION:
No correlation between opioid use and ambulatory visits for dysphagia was found in a nationwide sample. Opioid-related manometric changes may be clinically relevant only in a small proportion of patients.
Lack of a prompt normalization of immunological parameters is associated with long-term care and poor prognosis in COVID-19 affected patients receiving convalescent plasma: a single center experience
Authors: Moratto Daniele , Mimiola Elda , Serana Federico , Garuti Martina , Giustini Viviana , Roccaro Aldo M. , Casari Salvatore , Beccaria Massimiliano , Brugnoni Duilio , Chiarini Marco , Franchini Massimo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Being COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) a therapeutic option that can have a potential impact on the normalization of immunological parameters of COVID-19 affected patients, a detailed analysis of post-infusion immunological changes was conducted in CCP treated patients, aiming to identify possible predictive hallmarks of disease prognosis.

Methods
This prospective observational study describes a cohort of 28 patients who received CCP shortly after being hospitalized for COVID-19 and diagnosed for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. All patients were subjected to a detailed flow cytometry based evaluation of immunological markers at baseline and on days +3 and +7 after transfusion.

Results
At baseline almost all patients suffered from lymphopenia (25/28 on T-cells and 16/28 on B-cells) coupled with neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio exceeding normal values (26/28). Lymphocyte subsets were generally characterized by increased percentages of CD19+CD20-CD38hiCD27+ plasmablasts and reduction of CD4+CD45RA+CCR7+CD31+ recent thymic emigrants, while monocytes presented a limited expression of CD4 and HLA-DR molecules. Amelioration of immunological parameters began to be evident from day +3 and became more significant at day +7 post-CCP transfusion in 18 patients who recovered within 30 days from hospitalization. Conversely, baseline immunological characteristics generally persisted in ten critical patients who eventually progressed to death (6) or long-term care (4).

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that proper immunophenotyping panels can be potentially useful for monitoring CCP treated patients from the first days after infusion in order to presume higher risk of medical complications.
Martensitic Induction Hardening of Nitrided Layers*
Authors: Hoja S. , Haupt N. , Steinbacher M. , Fechte-Heinen R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this research a combination of nitriding and induction hardening is investigated, as this is expected not only to result in significant savings in process time and energy, but also to produce surface layer properties that cannot be set with one of the individual processes. The focus of the current investigations was on the dissolution of the compound layer during inductive heating and the resulting microstructure formation and the hardness profile. Furthermore, it was investigated how the absence of a compound layer affects the subsequent martensitic transformation. For this purpose, differently nitrided surface layers were martensitically hardened and the microstructure was investigated metallographically and physically. After the martensitic transformation of the nitrided layer porosity and retained austenite were observed due to the decomposition of the nitrides of the compound layer. The retained austenite could be reduced by higher temperatures during surface hardening and compound layer removal. The investigations showed, that the optimum initial condition for induction hardening is nitriding with compound layer and a mechanical removal of the latter prior to induction heat treatment.
Application of Machine Learning Techniques to Determine Surface Hardness Based on the Barkhausen Effect
Authors: Krause C. , Uysal B. , Engler M. , Radek C. , Schaudig M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ensuring product and part quality impacts manufacturing productivity, efficiency and profitability. The goal of every manufacturing company is to quickly identify reduced quality in order to take appropriate measures to improve quality. The use of non-destructive testing methods such as Barkhausen noise in combination with artificial intelligence (AI), which immediately classifies the data, offers a way to implement the desired quality monitoring in a production line. In the present study, the measured data of the Barkhausen signal of surface hardened components with different degrees of tempering were analyzed. For this purpose, suitable AI models were developed and trained with the processed measurement data to generate prediction values for the surface hardness. Data preparation and further processing was carried out using the Spyder development environment with the Python programming language. The following models were applied, tested and optimized during the study: Support vector machine, random forest regression and an artificial neural network. The models were able to predict hardness levels with high accuracy after effective training. Overall, the neural network showed the best results. The applied procedures and methods are fast, non-destructive and provide results with acceptable measurement error, which allows their use in the production environment. Further improvements will be sought in the future, e. g. by applying a larger amount of training data, by changing the features used in the training and by increasing the measurement accuracy when capturing the Barkhausen signal.
Different Minority Groups Elicit Different Safety, Economic, Power, and Symbolic Threats
Authors: Kanyicska Belán Dóra , Popper Miroslav 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Populistic political discourse often portrays ethnic minorities as threats to the majority society. However, the deeper characteristics of perceived threats have not been sufficiently empirically investigated. The goal of this study is to identify the similarities and differences in intergroup threats perceived by Slovak majority from Roma, Muslims, and ethnic Hungarian minorities. The participants included 1244 adults who were instructed to write the first five associations that came to mind when thinking about one of the minorities. Our findings indicate that power threat was dominant from the Hungarian minority and safety threat from the Roma and Muslim minorities. Moreover, the safety threat from the Roma minority related mainly to theft and violence, while from Muslims it was terrorism. Mapping and addressing specific threats associated with different minorities can help explain misperceptions and reduce prejudice against them.
Assessment of SIRGAS-CON tropospheric products using ERA5 and IGS
Authors: Prado Anderson , Vieira Telmo , Fernandes Maria Joana 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Zenith Tropospheric Delays (ZTDs) are used to correct tropospheric effects that cause a delay in the signal measured by Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers and obtain accurate measurements. ZTD can be estimated from GNSS processing, which means they may suffer from occasional or systematic errors. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the quality and stability of these data over time, since ZTDs are used in several applications that require centimeter precision. Within this context, this work aims to assess the available ZTD of the whole Geodetic Reference System for the Americas Continuously Operating Network (SIRGAS-CON), consisting of 467 stations, spanning the period from January 2014 to December 2020 using the most recent Numerical Weather Model ERA5 from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and common stations to the International GNSS Service (IGS) for an intercomparison. Results show that 10% of the stations present some instability, such as periods of highly dispersed data or discontinuities, with more occurrence in stations located in Argentina, Uruguay and Colombia. The remaining 90% proved to have stable and reliable ZTD, both in comparison with ERA5 and IGS.
Unsupervised Classification of Neolithic Pottery From the Northern Alpine Space Using t-SNE and HDBSCAN
Authors: Hinz Martin , Heitz Caroline 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Terms of “Neolithic cultures” are still used to describe spatial and temporal differences in pottery styles across central Europe. These terms date back to research periods when absolute dating methods were lacking and typological classification was used to establish chronologies. Those terms are charged with problematic, biasing notions of social configurations: cultural homogeneity, spatial boundedness, and immobility. In this article, we present an alternative approach to pottery classification by using ceramics from dendrochronologically and C14-dated sites of the 40th–38th c. BC located in the northern Alpine Foreland. The newly developed methodology uses a computational unsupervised classification based on profile shape and additional nominal characteristics using t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding and Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise for cluster analyses. Its role in our project was to provide a quantitative, algorithm-based approach to classify large datasets of pottery while simultaneously account for a large number of variables. This enabled us to find similarity structures that would escape human cognitive capacities on which typological classification is based on. It formed one pilar of a mixed method research approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods of pottery classification. Our results show that the premises of cultural homogeneity are untenable but can be methodologically overcome by using the proposed classification approaches.