bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD8+ T cells maintain killing of MHC-I-negative tumor cells through the NKG2D–NKG2DL axis
Authors: Lerner Emily C. , Woroniecka Karolina I. , D’Anniballe Vincent M. , Wilkinson Daniel S. , Mohan Aditya A. , Lorrey Selena J. , Waibl-Polania Jessica , Wachsmuth Lucas P. , Miggelbrink Alexandra M. , Jackson Joshua D. , Cui Xiuyu , Raj Jude A. , Tomaszewski William H. , Cook Sarah L. , Sampson John H. , Patel Anoop P. , Khasraw Mustafa , Gunn Michael D. , Fecci Peter E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe accepted paradigm for both cellular and anti-tumor immunity relies upon tumor cell killing by CD8+T cells recognizing cognate antigens presented in the context of target cell major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (MHC-I) molecules. Likewise, a classically described mechanism of tumor immune escape is tumor MHC-I downregulation. Here, we report that CD8+T cells maintain the capacity to kill tumor cells that are entirely devoid of MHC-I expression. This capacity proves to be dependent instead on interactions between T cell natural killer group 2D (NKG2D) and tumor NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs), the latter of which are highly expressed on MHC-loss variants. Necessarily, tumor cell killing in these instances is antigen independent, although prior T cell antigen-specific activation is required and can be furnished by myeloid cells or even neighboring MHC-replete tumor cells. In this manner, adaptive priming can beget innate killing. These mechanisms are active in vivo in mice as well as in vitro in human tumor systems and are obviated by NKG2D knockout or blockade. These studies challenge the long-advanced notion that downregulation of MHC-I is a viable means of tumor immune escape and instead identify the NKG2D–NKG2DL axis as a therapeutic target for enhancing T cell-dependent anti-tumor immunity against MHC-loss variants.
DNA sensing in cancer: Pro-tumour and anti-tumour functions of cGAS–STING signalling
Authors: Wheeler Otto P.G. , Unterholzner Leonie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The DNA sensor cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) and its adaptor protein STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) detect the presence of cytosolic DNA as a sign of infection or damage. In cancer cells, this pathway can be activated through persistent DNA damage and chromosomal instability, which results in the formation of micronuclei and the exposure of DNA fragments to the cytosol. DNA damage from radio- or chemotherapy can further activate DNA sensing responses, which may occur in the cancer cells themselves or in stromal and immune cells in the tumour microenvironment (TME). cGAS–STING signalling results in the production of type I interferons, which have been linked to immune cell infiltration in ‘hot’ tumours that are susceptible to immunosurveillance and immunotherapy approaches. However, recent research has highlighted the complex nature of STING signalling, with tumours having developed mechanisms to evade and hijack this signalling pathway for their own benefit. In this mini-review we will explore how cGAS–STING signalling in different cells in the TME can promote both anti-tumour and pro-tumour responses. This includes the role of type I interferons and the second messenger cGAMP in the TME, and the influence of STING signalling on local immune cell populations. We examine how alternative signalling cascades downstream of STING can promote chronic interferon signalling, the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and the production of inflammatory cytokines, which can have pro-tumour functions. An in-depth understanding of DNA sensing in different cell contexts will be required to harness the anti-tumour functions of STING signalling.
Neural network based robust optimal energy control of pulse width modulation‐inverter fed motor driving pump
Authors: Ebrahim Osama S. , Badr Mohamad A. , Elgendy Ali S. , Jain Praveen K. , Shawky Kareem O. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper revisits loss model control (LMC) of the 3‐phase induction motor (IM) and presents a robust LMC algorithm for medium‐sized pump drives. Compared with other power loss reduction algorithms for IM, the presented one has the advantages of fast and smooth flux adaptation, high accuracy, and versatile implementation. An improved loss‐model for IM drive has been developed. The model considers the surplus power loss caused by inverter voltage harmonics and magnetic saturation using closed‐form equations. Further, the resistance‐temperature change is considered by a first‐order thermal model. To determine the optimal flux level that achieves maximum drive efficiency, an artificial neural network (ANN) controller is synthesised and trained offline. The voltage and speed control loops are connecting via the stator frequency to avoid the possibility of excessive magnetization. Beside, the obtained thermal information enhances motor protection and control. These together have the potential of making the proposed algorithm robust and reliable. The system reliability is investigated and assessed in terms of energy saving using ramp start/stop. Theoretical analysis, computer simulations, and experimental studies are performed on 5.5 kW variable speed water pump using the proposed control. The test results are provided and discussed to validate the effectiveness.
Energy balanced routing protocol based on improved particle swarm optimisation and ant colony algorithm for museum environmental monitoring of cultural relics
Authors: Liu Zhouzhou , Zhang Yangmei , Peng Han 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe environmental monitoring of cultural relics based on wireless sensor networks in museums demands for the transmission and processing of massive data, which in turn leads to problems, such as heavy network traffic, high time delay, and unbalanced node energy consumption. To solve these problems, an energy balanced routing protocol which can minimise the network energy consumption is proposed. The improved swarm intelligence optimisation algorithm which combined particle swarm optimisation with ant colony optimisation is adopted to construct an environmental monitoring system for cultural relics preservation. Simulation results show that the decrease of the path length for data transmission under the proposed algorithm is 2.5% higher than that of other classical algorithms, indicating that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the length of network path and improve the transmission performance of network system. In view of optimisation rounds and simulation time, the energy consumption of the network system under our algorithm is 57.5% less compared with other classical algorithms, and the average residual energy variance is 57.1% less. The cultural relics environmental monitoring system based on the proposed routing protocol has better network load balancing performance.
Detection of ethynylbenzene in TMC-1 and the interstellar search for 1,2-diethynylbenzene
Authors: Loru Donatella , Cabezas Carlos , Cernicharo José , Schnell Melanie , Steber Amanda L. 
Published: August 2023

Aims. We investigate the outcome of an electrical discharge of naphthalene and search for the resulting products in the Taurus Molecular Cloud (TMC-1).
Methods. Using chirped pulse Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy paired with an electric discharge source, we investigated products resulting from the naphthalene discharge. Quantum chemical calculations were used to help assign species and investigate potential reaction pathways relevant to the interstellar medium. These products were searched for in TMC-1 using the QUIJOTE line survey, covering 31.0-50.3 GHz.
Results. We confirm the detection of ethynylbenzene in TMC-1, and we also present a new molecular species, 1,2-diethynylbenzene, which could play an important role in the formation of naphthalene. Over ten products have been identified as resulting from the discharge, with only one of these species found in a previous IR-UV discharge study of naphthalene.
Conclusions. Ethynylbenzene has definitively been detected in TMC-1, and while we have identified a potentially important species for the formation of naphthalene and an exothermic reaction pathway, there is no current indication of its presence in TMC-1.
Labeling of Highly Reactive Tetrazines using [18F]SuFEx
Authors: Battisti Umberto M. , Müller Marius , Herth Matthias Manfred , García-Vázquez Rocío 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPretargeted imaging is an emerging technique to study the in vivo biodistribution of nanomedicines. Currently, the tetrazine ligation is considered the most promising bioorthogonal reaction for pretargeting. Recently, Zheng et al. described an ultrafast late-stage radiolabeling of tetrazines based on sulfur 18F-fluoride exchange click chemistry ([18F]SuFEx). However, bispyridyl and H-tetrazines—the most promising structures for in vivo pretargeted applications—cannot be labeled using the proposed reaction conditions as they lead to decomposition of the tetrazine core. Here, we report improved conditions, exploiting basic preconditioning conditions for the quaternary methyl ammonium (QMA) cartridge and the use of low basic anions that allow 18F-labeling of bispyridyl and H-tetrazines using SuFEx. This strategy resulted in fast and efficient radiolabeling of highly reactive tetrazines with radiochemical conversions of up to 85% and radiochemical purity above 95%. This opens up the possibility to use SuFEx to 18F-label tetrazines, which are suitable for in vivo pretargeted imaging.
Changing Spectrum of Invasive Fungal Infections of the Anterior Skull Base
Authors: Bhuskute Govind Shripad , Keshri Amit Kumar , Seduchidambaram Malathy , Dubey Abhishek , Hameed Nazrin , Chidambaram Kalyan , Muraleedharan Manjul , Das Kuntal Kanti , Mehrotra Anant , Srivastava Arun , Jaiswal Awadesh , Kumar Raj , Manogaran Ravi Sankar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective To study the etiological and anatomical factors in pathophysiology of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis affecting the skull base.
Design Retrospective clinical study over 5 years.
Setting Single-center tertiary referral hospital.
Materials and Methods All cases of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis with clinicoradiological and/or operative evidence of anterior and central skull base, orbit, and orbital apex involvement with or without intracranial disease were included in the study. Patients with a sinonasal-palatal disease without the involvement of the skull base or orbit were excluded from the study. In addition, we assessed the risk factors such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, diabetes mellitus (DM), and other immunocompromised conditions.
Results There were 79 patients, of which 65.8% had skull base rhino-oribitocerebral mucormycosis (ROCM), and 34.2% had Aspergillus infection. The mean duration from onset of the symptom to presentation of ROCM was 36.75 ± 20.97 days, while for the Aspergillus group was 21 weeks. The majority of patients (66%) with ROCM presented after 30 days of symptom onset. Among ROCM patients, 88.7% had a history of COVID-19 infection, and 96% had DM. In 40.8% of patients with Aspergillus infection, the tissue diagnosis was unavailable, and galactomannan assay and clinicoradiological assessment were used for diagnosis. The most common area of the skull base involved was the pterygopalatine fossa (88.5%), followed by the infratemporal fossa (73.1%). The most common neurovascular structure (75%) involved was the pterygopalatine ganglion and the infraorbital nerve.
Conclusion With the increasing incidence of invasive fungal infections worldwide, particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial to understand the evolving nature of this disease. ROCM, documented in the literature to cause fulminant disease, became a chronic illness, possibly due to the improvement of the patient's immunity during the disease course.
Pediatric Interventional Neuroradiology
Authors: Requejo Flavio , Teplisky Dario , Dutra María Laura González , Mouratian Diana Mariela , Kikano Raghid , Nguyen Thanh N. , Abdalkader Mohamad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPediatric neurovascular disorders can lead to substantial mortality and morbidity if not diagnosed early and adequately managed. Children with neurovascular diseases cannot be treated as small adults as the vascular and central nervous system anatomy, physiology, and pathologies in children differ greatly from those of adults. In addition, some neurovascular pathologies are seen exclusively in children such as aneurysmal malformation of the vein of Galen, pial fistulas, and dural fistulas in the context of dural sinus disease. In this review, we aim to present an overview of the common pediatric neurovascular diseases along with their endovascular management.
Cleft Lip Repair Under Local Anaesthesia in Older Children and Adults
Authors: Khazanchi Rakesh Kumar , Saha S. S. , Dhawan I. K. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryOur experience with repair of cleft lip under local anaesthesia in 16 patients has been reported. The method is safe and does not compromise the quality of repair. It is economical for both the patient and the hospital and saves precious hospital beds for other needy patients.
Post Burn Flexion Contractures of the Hand Considerations in Management
Authors: Sawhney C. P. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryProper initial treatment of flexion contractures is simple but neglect produces crippling deformities. The author over the years has followed an approach which comprises of complete release of contracture, its coverage by intermediate thickness split skin graft, use of Plaster of Paris splint, static and dynamic splints which prevent recurrence and encourage movements. Thus it was possible to restore full function to almost all hands treated at our hospital.
Inguinal Vasoplasty
Authors: Tiwari I. N. , Sandhir R. K. , Sabharwal V. , Saxena A. , Seth H. D. P. , Chopra M. S. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThe present paper is based on a study of eighty-two cases of vasoplasty done through an inguinal approach. In all the cases, 3/0 prolene splint was used. An end-to-end anastomosis, using 6/0 prolene suture provides and accurate repair. This is a simple method and ensures a high success rate. In 71.3% cases semen became positive for sperms. Conception rate was 56% in our series. The authors prefer this approach because of easy mobilisation of vas, gain in length of vas by about 1.5 cm. after division of internal oblique muscle and inferior epigastric artery. There is less chance of infection by this approach and technique.
The Parascapular Fasciocutaneous Flap
Authors: Bhagia S. P. , Kumar Pramod , Chandra Ramesh , Bhatnagar S. K. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThe parascapular fascio-cutaneous flap was used in seven cases of axillary contractures and in four cases of above elbow amputation stump as a procedure of choice with good results. Recurrence of axillary contracture was seen in none of them. Our results and review of literature is being presented on the subject.
Electric Burn of the Precordial Region
Authors: Chandra R. , Kumar Pramod 
Published: August 2023

SummaryA case of high tension electrical burn in a young adult male who besides other injuries had full thickness loss of the chest wall in the region of the precordium (2” x 2”) through which the pulsating heart could be seen was brought for treatment to the Postgraduate Department of Plastic Surgery at the King George's Medical College, Lucknow. He attracted the attention of all the patients admitted in the department because every body wanted to have a look at the pulsating heart. Attempts to improve his general condition and state of nutrition were made so that a definitive procedure of a flap cover for the precordial region could be provided. But before this could be done the defect got covered by granulation tissue and a simple skin graft was put in over that area. Now a protective jacket has been provided to him and he is carrying on well with his activities for that last 2 years.
Sub-Total Loss of Lower Lip
Authors: Patel Kiran M. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThe full-thickness loss of lower lip may be due to chemical, electrical burns, cancrum oris, accidental injuries, maxillofacial injuries, gunshot wounds, after surgical excision and rarely due to animal bite. An uncommon cause of the loss of the lower lip due to human bite and its subsequent repair by full thickness lip advancement and check rotation flaps would be presented through this paper.
Is partnership working? Complexities and barriers in the development of community safety practice in Wales
Authors: Rabaiotti Ella , Harrison Michael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCommunity safety in England and Wales underwent significant change a quarter of a century ago when community safety partnerships (CSPs) were introduced as part of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. Measures to reduce or prevent anti-social behaviour and crime became the responsibility of not just the police but multiple public and third-sector organisations working in partnership. In Wales, additional complexity exists due to most CSP partners operating and working under both the UK, and Welsh Government remit. Findings from mixed-methods research into the training needs of community safety professionals in Wales revealed that support was needed in several areas of practice, including the practicing of meaningful ‘partnership’ working and problem solving. However, given the complex partnership landscape in Wales and lack of clarity around partnership governance, coupled with a seeming overreliance on the police and local government within community safety, the success of collaborative learning and development plans is limited.
Electroencephalography in consumer behaviour and marketing: a science mapping approach
Authors: Costa-Feito Aroa , González-Fernández Ana M. , Rodríguez-Santos Carmen , Cervantes-Blanco Miguel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSince its inception, the field of consumer neuroscience and neuromarketing has undergone significant development. The principal objective of this work is to identify current research and to define emerging topics in both consumer neuroscience and neuromarketing using electroencephalography (EEG) since no studies have thus far examined this issue. To this end, a bibliometric analysis was conducted with the Science Mapping Software tool SciMAT. In total, 497 articles published between 2002 and 2022 were examined. The analysis encompassed all research from brain regions, technologies, and marketing which can be applied for a better understanding of consumer behaviour. The main contribution of this work is the comprehensive and objective review of the topic, which highlights the potential interest in applying EEG to emerging technologies (e.g., augmented reality, mixed reality, or virtual reality), tourism marketing communications, healthy food products, consumer willingness-to-pay, service marketing, dynamic stimuli, and consumers’ emotions.
Hyper Rayleigh scattering from DNA nucleotides in aqueous solution
Authors: Jonin Christian , Dereniowski Maksymilian , Salmon Estelle , Gergely Csilla , Matczyszyn Katarzyna , Brevet Pierre-François 
Published: August 2023

Nucleotides are organic compounds consisting of a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, namely adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), or guanine (G), and a sugar, here deoxyribose. The magnitude of the first hyperpolarizability β of these four DNA nucleotides was determined in aqueous solution with the nonlinear optical technique of hyper rayleigh scattering under non resonant conditions at a fundamental wavelength of 800 nm. The smallest value is found to be 1.67 ± 0.15 × 10−30 esu for thymidine-5′-monophosphate and the highest is 1.76 ± 0.16 × 10−30 esu for 2′-guanosine-5′-monophosphate. Polarization resolved studies were also performed to question the symmetry of the first hyperpolarizability tensor and access the ratio of some elements of the first hyperpolarizability tensor. These experimental results were then compared to the theoretical values of these first hyperpolarizabilities obtained with the density functional theory at the level of the PCM-B3LYP/6-31G+(d) basis and taking into account the solvent.
Wavelength-actuated varifocal and polarization-insensitive metalenses assisted by monolayer single-celled phase-change metasurfaces
Authors: Xu Junwei , Xu Yaning , Zhang Shenglan , Huang Yafeng , Ding Pei , Jiang Tao , Tian Ximin , Li Zhi-Yuan , Ji Yuhang , Pan Xiaoyu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Varifocal metalenses with tunable focal lengths allowing for transforming the complex and bulky tunable lens kit into a single flat lens, show great potential applications in tomography techniques, 3D displays, multi-imaging processing, among others. However, varifocal metalenses that integrate key properties, such as modest efficiency, large numerical aperture (NA) as well as polarization insensitivity into one remain elusive. Here, we present and numerically demonstrate a wavelength-actuated varifocal and polarization-insensitive metalens. This metalens is based on a novel generic design principle that relies on independently tailoring two sets of Ge2Sb2Se4Te1 (GSST) anisotropic nanofins corresponding to two resonant wavelengths of λ
1 and λ
2, respectively. Via intelligently integrating two sets of anisotropic nanofins into a monolayer single-celled phase-change metasurface in the form of ‘cross’ or ‘straight’ composite, the metalens design not only enables the crosstalks between two wavelength channels minimized, but also is endowed with polarization-insensitive and varifocal performance, while maintaining high focusing efficiency and diffraction-limited performance. Due to the noninterleaved arrangement making the meta-structure more compact, another prototype of wavelength-actuated varifocal metalens with ultrahigh-NAs (0.89 and 0.95, respectively corresponding to the target wavelengths of λ
1 and λ
2) are also implemented with a field of view of 4° based on this principle. We also demonstrate the versatility of our approach by successfully implementing the generation of the polarization-insensitive varifocal focusing optical vortex. Additionally, the phase transition of GSST enables the proposed meta-devices to switch between ON and OFF states for spot focusing. Our design can be easily extended to visible or THz wavebands and will enable enormous applications ranging from switchable optical scanners, dynamic optical tweezers and spanners, to miniaturized polarization-insensitive imaging devices.
Energetic contributions to deformation twinning in magnesium
Authors: Kapan Enver , Alkan Sertan , Can Aydıner C , K Mason Jeremy 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Modeling deformation twin nucleation in magnesium has proven to be a challenging task. In particular, the absence of a heterogeneous twin nucleation model which provides accurate energetic descriptions for twin-related structures indicates a need to more deeply understand twin energetics. To address this problem, molecular dynamics simulations are performed to follow the energetic evolution of

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tension twin embryos nucleating from an asymmetrically-tilted grain boundary. The line, surface and volumetric terms associated with twin nucleation are identified. A micromechanical model is proposed where the stress field around the twin nucleus is estimated using the Eshelby formalism, and the contributions of the various twin-related structures to the total energy of the twin are evaluated. The reduction in the grain boundary energy arising from the change in character of the prior grain boundary is found to be able to offset the energy costs of creating the other interfaces. The defect structures bounding the stacking faults that form inside the twin are also found to possibly have significant energetic contributions. These results suggest that both of these effects could be critical considerations when predicting twin nucleation sites in magnesium.