bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining methionine‐PET and MRI fluid‐attenuated inversion‐recovery mismatch to determine glioma molecular subtype
Authors: Ohmura Kazufumi , Kumagai Nobutoshi , Kumagai Morio , Ikegame Yuka , Shinoda Jun , Yano Hirohito , Muragaki Yoshihiro , Iwama Toru 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and Purpose11C‐methionine (MET)‐PET is a useful tool in neuro‐oncology. The T2‐fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) mismatch sign on MRI is a characteristic finding in lower grade gliomas with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations and the absence of the 1p/19q codeletion; however, the T2‐FLAIR mismatch sign has low sensitivity in differentiating gliomas and does not aid in identifying glioblastomas with IDH mutations. We therefore investigated the efficacy of the combination of the T2‐FLAIR mismatch sign and MET‐PET for accurately determining the molecular subtype of gliomas of all grades.MethodsThe present study comprised 208 adult patients diagnosed with supratentorial glioma confirmed by molecular genetics and histopathology. The ratio of the maximum lesion MET accumulation to the mean normal frontal cortex MET accumulation (T/N) was measured. The presence or absence of the T2‐FLAIR mismatch sign was determined. The presence or absence of the T2‐FLAIR mismatch sign and the MET T/N ratio were compared between glioma subtypes to evaluate individual and combined utility in identifying gliomas with IDH mutations and no 1p/19q codeletion (IDHmut‐Noncodel) or gliomas with IDH mutations (IDHmut).ResultsThe addition of MET‐PET to MRI for the presence of the T2‐FLAIR mismatch sign improved diagnostic accuracy, with the area under the curve values increasing from .852 to .871 for IDHmut‐Noncodel and from .688 to .808 for IDHmut.ConclusionsThe combination of the T2‐FLAIR mismatch sign and MET‐PET may provide improved diagnostic utility in differentiating gliomas according to molecular subtype, particularly in determining IDH mutation status.
Oral health and risk of cognitive disorders in older adults: A biannual longitudinal follow‐up cohort
Authors: Kim Keun‐Suh , Ahn Soyeon , Han Ji Won , Cho Sang Hyun , Lee Jung‐Tae , Lee Hyo‐Jung , Kim Ki Woong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundOral health may be associated with cognitive disorders such as mild cognitive impairment or dementia.ObjectiveThis study elucidates the effects of oral health conditions on the progression of cognitive disorders.MethodsData were collected from 153 participants of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia cohort who completed the longitudinal dental examinations and cognitive function assessments using the three‐wave biannual survey. We analysed the relationship between dental factors and the conversion of cognitive function.ResultsThe ratio of maxillary removable partial denture use (p = .03) was high in the converter and mild cognitive impairment/dementia groups. The low‐grade ratio of posterior masticatory performance increased in the converter and mild cognitive impairment/dementia groups (modified Eichner index 2, p = .04). The mild cognitive impairment/dementia group had a higher rate of complete mandibular denture use (p < .001). The converter and mild cognitive impairment/dementia groups had fewer remaining teeth (p < .05) or removable prostheses (p < .01) than the normal group.ConclusionsMasticatory performance is associated with the conversion of cognitive disorders. Our findings suggest that oral health management can help delay the progression of cognitive disorders.
Clinical evaluation of removable partial dentures with digitally fabricated metal framework after 4 years of clinical service
Authors: Mourouzis Petros , Pandoleon Panagiotis , Tortopidis Dimitrios , Tolidis Kosmas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis case report describes the clinical outcomes of three patients who received removable partial dentures with a completely digitally designed and manufactured metal framework. The initial intraoral impressions were prepared, and the resulting standard tessellation language files were sent to a dental laboratory, where the alloy framework was designed using inLab software and printed using a 3D printer or milled directly from a Co–Cr disc. The quality of fit of the framework was evaluated intraorally to confirm the laboratory design. The acrylic teeth were set, and the definitive partial dentures were delivered after the acrylic resin bases were processed. The follow‐up time was 4 years. No complications or failures related to the components of the partial dentures were observed.
How do CATA questions work? Relationship between likelihood of selecting a term and perceived attribute intensity
Authors: Jaeger Sara R. , Chheang Sok L. , Jin David , Ryan Grace S. , Ares Gastón 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present research contributed to a better understanding of how check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) questions work by examining the relationship between likelihood of selecting a term and perceived attribute intensity. Seven consumer studies were conducted (147–157 people per study) using within‐subjects experimental designs where participants twice evaluated the same set of stimuli on the same set of terms (or attributes), respectively with CATA questions and intensity scaling (7‐point category scale; 1 = “not at all,” 7 = “extremely”). As a function of perceived intensity, the average CATA citation frequency tended to follow a sigmoidal‐like relationship where likelihood of selecting a CATA term increased more slowly at the extreme ends of the intensity scale (1–2 and 6–7) and linearly otherwise. This illuminates why for a given term, CATA questions are less suited for discriminating between samples that are of similar “low” or “high” intensity.Practical ApplicationsCATA questions are popular for sensory product characterization tasks with consumers. Despite their simplicity, they accurately discriminate among samples, and term citation frequency is a proxy for perceived intensity, albeit not a direct measure hereof. Versatility and applicability of CATA questions to characterize diverse stimuli using diverse types of terms/attributes was demonstrated. By showing that likelihood of CATA term selection typically increases with perceived intensity according to a sigmoidal‐like shape, the present research shows that CATA terms best discriminate between samples when these vary in intensity rather than being of similar “low” or “high” perceived intensity.
Chromium isotopes identify the extraterrestrial component in impactites from Dhala impact structure, India
Authors: Anand Aryavart , Singh Anuj Kumar , Mezger Klaus , Pati Jayanta Kumar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Dhala structure in north‐central India is a confirmed complex impact structure of Paleoproterozoic age. The presence of an extraterrestrial component in impactites from the Dhala structure was recognized by geochemical analyses of highly siderophile elements and Os isotopic compositions; however, the impactor type has remained unidentified. This study uses Cr isotope systematics to identify the type of projectile involved in the formation of the Dhala structure. Unlike the composition of siderophile elements (e.g., Ni, Cr, Co, and platinum group elements) and their inter‐element ratios that may get compromised due to the extreme energy generated during an impact, Cr isotopes retain the distinct composition of the impactor. The distinct ε54Cr value of −0.31 ± 0.09 for a Dhala impact melt breccia sample (D6‐57) indicates inheritance from an impactor originating within the non‐carbonaceous reservoir, that is, the inner Solar System. Based on the Ni/Cr ratio, Os abundance, and Cr isotopic composition of the samples, the impactor is constrained to be of ureilite type. Binary mixing calculations also indicate contamination of the target rock by 0.1–0.3 wt% of material from a ureilite‐like impactor. Together with the previously identified impactors that formed El'gygytgyn, Zhamanshin, and Lonar impact structures, the Cr isotopic compositions of the Dhala impactites argue for a much more diverse source of the objects that collided with the Earth over its geological history than has been supposed previously.
Helping learners develop autonomy in acquiring multiword expressions
Authors: Boers Frank , Bui Thuy , Deconinck Julie , Stengers Hélène , Coxhead Averil 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSecond language (L2) learners stand to gain substantially from mastering a wide range of multiword expressions (MWEs), and several studies have examined the benefits of language courses that regularly draw learners’ attention to MWEs. However, most of these studies focused on the learners’ retention of the MWEs included in the course materials and did not examine a potential broader and longer term effect. In the present study, upper‐intermediate students of English (N = 54) attended extracurricular classes over the course of 11 weeks (40 minutes per week) in which they either extracted MWEs from texts or engaged only in content‐related activities. Outside the context of the experiment, the students occasionally wrote essays as part of their regular L2 curriculum. One of these essays was collected before the intervention, another shortly afterward, and a third 5 months later. Three coders independently identified MWEs in these essays. Both postcourse essays written by the students who had focused on MWEs were found to be richer in MWEs than those written by the comparison group. The difference was only in part due to a greater use of items encountered in the course texts, suggesting a broader and longer term effect on the students’ autonomous acquisition of MWEs.
MRI tagging of colonic chyme mixing in healthy subjects: Inter‐observer variability and reliability of the measurement with time
Authors: Alshammari Meshari T. , Alyami Ali S. , Wilkinson‐Smith Victoria , Spiller Robin C. , Gowland Penny , Marciani Luca , Moran Gordon W. , Hoad Caroline L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tagging techniques have been applied to the GI tract to assess bowel contractions and content mixing. We aimed to evaluate the dependence of a tagging measurement (for assessing chyme mixing) on inter‐observer variability in both the ascending colon (AC) and descending colon (DC) and to investigate the temporal variation and hence reliability of the colonic tagging technique by acquiring multiple measurements over time on healthy participants.MethodsTwo independent datasets of healthy adults were used for the retrospective inter‐observer variability (Study 1: 13 datasets and Study 2: 31 datasets), and ten participants were scanned for the prospective temporal variation study following a 1 L mannitol oral preparation. All colonic tagging data were acquired on 3 T MRI scanners. The mean and the standard deviation (SD) maps were generated pixel‐by‐pixel using custom‐written software in MATLAB. The colonic regions of interest were defined using MIPAV software. Bland–Altman plots and scatter plots were used for the inter‐observer variability. The mean and SD of all repeated measures for each subject were calculated along with a one‐way ANOVA to test for variations with time.ResultsScatter plots and Bland–Altman plots showed a large range of data with low variation and small limits of agreements (<5% CoV). The intraclass correlation coefficient of inter‐rater reliability was excellent and 0.97 or above for the AC and DC measurements for both datasets. The temporal variation study shows that there was no significant difference found between the multiple measures with time (p = 0.53, one‐way repeated measures ANOVA test).ConclusionsMRI tagging technique can provide an assessment of colonic chyme mixing. The inter‐observer study data showed high inter‐rater agreement. The temporal variation study showed some individual variations with time suggesting multiple measurements may be needed to increase accuracy.
Absence of aluminium compromises root integrity, reduces leaf hydration and Rubisco performance in Qualea grandiflora, an Al‐accumulating species
Authors: Silva G. S. , Rodrigues J. S. , Carvalho B. M. d. O. , Gavassi M. A. , Bressan A. C. G. , Habermann G. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aluminium (Al) is toxic to most plants. Nevertheless, some species accumulate Al without showing toxicity symptoms. Previous studies have evidenced Al in chloroplasts of Al‐accumulating species from the Cerrado vegetation in South America. We ask whether Al increases carbon assimilation through enhanced apparent efficiency of Rubisco.

Seedlings of the Al‐accumulator Qualea grandiflora (Vochysiaceae) were grown in nutrient solution with 0, 740, and 1480 μm Al. Growth parameters, relative leaf water content, Al concentration in organs, gas exchange and apparent carboxylation efficiency (measured from A/Ci curves) were evaluated for 60 days.

Plants without Al showed no root growth, necrotic roots, low gas exchange rates, and decreased apparent carboxylation efficiency. Al‐treated plants, however, showed new white roots and increased root biomass leading to higher leaf hydration, and apparent carboxylation efficiency was higher in these plants. Increased Al available in the nutrient solution increased Al accumulation in plant organs.

Absence of Al compromised root integrity in Q. grandiflora, thus limiting leaf hydration. No positive direct effect of Al on Rubisco was evidenced in Al‐treated plants.
Can neural correlates of encoding explain the context dependence of reward‐enhanced memory?
Authors: Hellerstedt Robin , Bekinschtein Tristan , Talmi Deborah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSelective encoding can be studied by manipulating how valuable it is for participants to remember specific stimuli, for instance, by varying the monetary reward participants receive for recalling a particular stimulus in a subsequent memory test. It would be reasonable for participants to strategically attend more to high‐reward items compared to low‐reward items in mixed list contexts, but to attend both types of items equally in pure list contexts, where all items are of equal value. Reward‐enhanced memory may be driven by automatic dopaminergic interactions between reward circuitry and the hippocampus and thus be insensitive to list context; or it may be driven by meta‐cognitive strategies, and thus context‐dependent. We contrasted these alternatives by manipulating list composition and tracked selective encoding through multiple EEG measures of attention and rehearsal. Behavioral results were context‐dependent, such that recall of high‐reward items was increased only in mixed lists. This result and aspects of the recall dynamics confirm predictions of the eCMR (emotional Context Maintenance and Retrieval) model. The power of ssVEPs was lower for high‐reward items regardless of list composition, suggesting decreased visual processing of high‐reward stimuli and that ssVEPs may index the modulation of context‐to‐item associations predicted by eCMR. By contrast, reward modulated the amplitude of Late Positive Potential and Frontal Slow Wave only in mixed lists. Taken together, the results provide evidence that reward‐enhanced memory is caused by an interplay between strategic processes applied when high‐ and low‐reward items compete for cognitive resources during encoding and context‐dependent mechanisms operating during recall.
A new acquisition model for the next disaster: Overcoming disaster federalism issues through effective utilization of the Strategic National Stockpile
Authors: Handfield Robert B. , Patrucco Andrea S. , Wu Zhaohui , Yukins Christopher , Slaughter Tanner 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUsing primary data collected from interviews with federal and state government officials and secondary data related to PPE distribution and state healthcare statistics, we discovered evidence that the use of the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) to distribute personal protective equipment to state and local agencies in need during the height of COVID‐19 was indeed poorly designed to cope with the COVID‐19 emergency, leaving many states with shortages of badly needed medical supplies. As a result, many states struggled to organize an uncoordinated procurement response—which we suggest is due to federalism issues. To overcome federalism challenges and increase future disaster preparedness, we recommend four necessary reforms to the SNS that include (1) the incorporation of uncompensated industry experts into SNS administration, (2) the provision of an emergency production board for times of crisis, (3) elevated political leadership for the SNS, (4) improvement of federal‐state supply chain governance.
Affine Noetherian algebras and extensions of the base field II
Authors: Passman D. S. , Small L. W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe paper written many years ago by Resco and Small, constructed an example in prime characteristic of a finitely generated Noetherian ‐algebra that does not necessarily remain Noetherian under field extensions. After this work was completed, Yuri Medvedev, then at the University of Ottawa, visited Resco at the University of Oklahoma, read the paper, and suggested an approach using Jordan algebras that would yield a similar example in characteristic 0. This was announced in the paper by Resco and Small, but to our knowledge the details were never published nor even entirely verified. We take the opportunity to do this now, but stress that the key sequence and its relevant properties are due to Medvedev. Also, Resco suggested avoiding Jordan algebras and working directly and ring theoretically with the exterior algebra. This is the approach we take.
Effects of a 16-week home-based exercise training programme on health-related quality of life, functional capacity, and persistent symptoms in survivors of severe/critical COVID-19: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Longobardi Igor , Goessler Karla , de Oliveira Júnior Gersiel Nascimento , Prado Danilo Marcelo Leite do , Santos Jhonnatan Vasconcelos Pereira , Meletti Matheus Molina , de Andrade Danieli Castro Oliveira , Gil Saulo , Boza João Antonio Spott de Oliveira , Lima Fernanda Rodrigues , Gualano Bruno , Roschel Hamilton 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundLong-lasting effects of COVID-19 may include cardiovascular, respiratory, skeletal muscle, metabolic, psychological disorders and persistent symptoms that can impair health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We investigated the effects of a home-based exercise training (HBET) programme on HRQoL and health-related outcomes in survivors of severe/critical COVID-19.MethodsThis was a single-centre, single-blinded, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. Fifty survivors of severe/critical COVID-19 (5±1 months after intensive care unit discharge) were randomly allocated (1:1) to either a 3 times a week (~60–80 min/session), semi-supervised, individualised, HBET programme or standard of care (CONTROL). Changes in HRQoL were evaluated through the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, and physical component summary was predetermined as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included cardiorespiratory fitness, pulmonary function, functional capacity, body composition and persistent symptoms. Assessments were performed at baseline and after 16 weeks of intervention. Statistical analysis followed intention-to-treat principles.ResultsAfter the intervention, HBET showed greater HRQoL score than CONTROL in the physical component summary (estimated mean difference, EMD: 16.8 points; 95% CI 5.8 to 27.9; effect size, ES: 0.74), physical functioning (EMD: 22.5 points, 95% CI 6.1 to 42.9, ES: 0.83), general health (EMD: 17.4 points, 95% CI 1.8 to 33.1, ES: 0.73) and vitality (EMD: 15.1 points, 95% CI 0.2 to 30.1, ES: 0.49) domains. 30-second sit-to-stand (EMD: 2.38 reps, 95% CI 0.01 to 4.76, ES: 0.86), and muscle weakness and myalgia were also improved in HBET compared with CONTROL (p<0.05). No significant differences were seen in the remaining variables. There were no adverse events.ConclusionHBET is an effective and safe intervention to improve physical domains of HRQoL, functional capacity and persistent symptoms in survivors of severe/critical COVID-19.Trial registration numberNCT04615052.
Key characteristics of patient complexity and patient complexity conceptual models/measurement tools: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Mutai Rieko , Sugiyama Yoshifumi , Aoki Takuya , Matsushima Masato 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThe social determinants of health have been gaining recognition, confirming that multidimensional biopsychosocial assessment is essential to improving the health of individuals. This trend has led to the development of conceptual models and measurement tools assessing ‘patient complexity’, understood as a complex interplay of biopsychosocial factors, to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of care; however, the variety of meanings encompassed by the term has led to confusion in the interpretation of patient complexity such that there is no consensus regarding the definition or conceptualisation of patient complexity. The primary objective of this scoping review is to identify and map what is known about the key characteristics of patient complexity through multiple database searches.Methods and analysisThis study will follow an established framework for conducting scoping reviews. The data will be extracted through searches of MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. Included articles will have: investigated participants aged 19 years or older, with any health condition; described patient complexity, a model for patient complexity, or a measurement tool for patient complexity; and been published in English from 1 January 1970 to April 2022. Article selection and data extraction will be conducted independently by two reviewers and if necessary for consensus, a third reviewer. A descriptive summary will be prepared to explain how the results apply to the scoping review questions. The findings will be a detailed mapping of the health dimensions that emerge from the classification of the extracted data. Subsequently, a definition of patient complexity will be developed.Ethics and disseminationThis review does not require ethical approval, as we will use publicly available data. The study findings will be disseminated through a relevant conference presentation and a peer-reviewed journal. This protocol is registered on the Open Science Framework (www.osf.io/hpa3c).