bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut Microbiota‐Derived Indole Derivatives Alleviate Neurodegeneration in Aging through Activating GPR30/AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway
Authors: Yin Jia , Zhang Yunhui , Liu Xiaoxia , Li Wanhua , Hu Yaozhong , Zhang Bowei , Wang Shuo 
Published: February 2023

ScopeTryptophan (Trp) metabolites are closely related to neurological diseases, whereas, the underlying mechanism related to the alleviative effects of Trp metabolites on neurodegeneration in aging remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the protective effects and mechanisms of Trp metabolites on neurodegeneration in aging process.Methods and resultsThe neuroprotective properties of Trp metabolites are evaluated in vitro and in vivo experimental model. Trp metabolites such as indole, indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA), indole‐3‐propionic acid (IPA), indole‐3‐lactic acid (ILA), and indole‐3‐carboxyaldehyde (Icld) could significantly reduce oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal apoptosis induced by H2O2 in HT‐22 cells. Meanwhile, indoles could upregulate the expressions of G protein‐coupled receptor 30 (GPR30)/5ʹ‐adenosine monophosphate (AMP)‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)/silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) pathway in vitro. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effects of IAA and IPA are unveiled through activation of GPR30/AMPK/SIRT1 pathway in d‐galactose induced aging mice. Finally, the regulatory effects of indoles on GPR30/AMPK/SIRT1 pathway are further confirmed by pretreating HT‐22 and Neuro‐2a with GPR30 antagonist of G15. In that case, indoles are furtherly proved with inhibitory effects on neurodegeneration by activating the GPR30/AMPK/SIRT1 pathway in aging process.ConclusionsThe findings reveal that Trp metabolites significantly improve neurodegeneration via GPR30/AMPK/SIRT1 pathway in aging process. This study provides the potential novel intervention strategy and target to prevent the neurodegeneration.
The optimal intervention for preventing physical restraints among older adults living in the nursing home: A systematic review
Authors: Liang Su‐Hua , Huang Tzu‐Ting 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of restraint reduction programs for nursing home care providers in enforcing physical restraint on residents and identify the best strategies for such programs.DesignSystematic Review.MethodsWe searched for randomized controlled trials published until February 2021 for systematic review. The systematic review captured multifactorial interventions, education and consultation measures, including nursing home residents' and care providers' results. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration criteria.ResultsIn all seven trials, the interventions were led by a nurse specialist or unit leader and targeted at care providers. Five of the restraint reduction programs effectively reduced the rate of physical restraint use; two increased knowledge of restraint reduction for care providers; and one each promoted positive attitudes and behaviours. Duration of at least 6 weeks significantly improved the knowledge of care providers.
Association between fear of falling and self‐care behaviours of older people with hypertension
Authors: Kouchaki Leila , Darvishpoor Kakhki Ali , Safavi Bayat Zahra , Khan Hafiz T. A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimThis study investigated the association between fear of falling and self‐care behaviours of older people with hypertension.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsThis study was conducted in 2019 on 301 older people with hypertension above the age of 60 years in Tehran, Iran. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Persian Falls Efficacy Scale‐International, and a hypertension‐related self‐care behaviour questionnaire.ResultsAnalyses revealed that gender, educational level and history of falling were significant factors associated with fear of falling; and marital status, educational level and income source were significant factors associated with self‐care behaviours (p < 0.05). Partial correlations controlling for education revealed a significant positive correlation showing that high fear of falling is associated with worse health promotion self‐care behaviours and significant inverse correlations with psycho‐emotional, social and daily self‐care behaviours (p < 0.05), meaning that high fear of falling is associated with better self‐care for these dimensions.Patient or Public ContributionThis study involved patients in order to evaluate the validity and reliability of the questionnaires. The study was conducted on older people with hypertension referred to hypertension clinics in hospitals.
Multivariate functional data clustering using adaptive density peak detection
Authors: Ren Rui , Fang Kuangnan , Zhang Qingzhao , Wang Xiaofeng 
Published: February 2023

Clustering for multivariate functional data is a challenging problem since the data are represented by a set of curves and functions belonging to an infinite‐dimensional space. In this article, we propose a novel clustering method for multivariate functional data using an adaptive density peak detection technique. It is a quick cluster center identification algorithm based on the two measures of each functional data observation: the functional density estimate and the distance to the closest observation with a higher functional density. We suggest two types of functional density estimators for multivariate functional data. The first one is a functional ‐nearest neighbor density estimator based on (a) an L2 distance between raw functional curves, or (b) a semimetric of multivariate functional principal components. The second one is a ‐nearest neighbor density estimator based on multivariate functional principal scores. Our clustering method is computationally fast since it does not need an iterative process. The flexibility and advantages of the method are examined by comparing it with other existing clustering methods in simulation studies. A user‐friendly R package FADPclust is developed for public use. Finally, our method is applied to a real case study in lung cancer research.
Unique Remote Regiocontrol by an N‐Oxide Group in the Synthesis of Isocaulibugulones A, B, C, and D
Authors: Castro Joaquim A. M. , Serikava Bruno K. , Naciuk Fabrício F. , Ligiéro Carolina B. P. , Morgon Nelson H. , Miranda Paulo C. M. L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn elongated resonance with the N‐oxide group and the vinylogous effect of the oxoammonium group allowed the regioselection switch during an oxidative amination reaction of an isoquinolinedione, permitting us to prepare isocaulibugulones A, B, C, and D in a straightforward approach. The alkaloid counterparts A and D were synthesized in 4 steps with 11–36 % global yield. A further late‐stage halogenation step at isocaulibugulone A led to preparing counterparts B and C with 83–94 % yield. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations anticipate the effects mentioned above and the disruptive action of hydrogen bonding in the process, which were observed experimentally in the synthesis of isocaulibugulone D due to the partial loss of regioselectivity.
Revealing the Kinetic Balance between Proton‐Feeding and Hydrogenation in CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Bai Sha , Tan Ling , Ning Chenjun , Liu Guihao , Wu Zhaohui , Shen Tianyang , Zheng Lirong , Song Yu‐Fei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractElectrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to high‐value‐added chemicals provides a feasible path for global carbon balance. Herein, the fabrication of NiNPx@NiSAy‐NG (x,y = 1, 2, 3; NG = nitrogen‐doped graphite) is reported, in which Ni single atom sites (NiSA) and Ni nanoparticles (NiNP) coexist. These NiNPx@NiSAy‐NG presented a volcano‐like trend for maximum CO Faradaic efficiency (FECO) with the highest point at NiNP2@NiSA2‐NG in CO2RR. NiNP2@NiSA2‐NG exhibited ≈98% of maximum FECO and a large current density of −264 mA cm−2 at −0.98 V (vs. RHE) in the flow cell. In situ experiment and density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed that the proper content of NiSA and NiNP balanced kinetic between proton‐feeding and CO2 hydrogenation. The NiNP in NiNP2@NiSA2‐NG promoted the formation of H* and reduced the energy barrier of *CO2 hydrogenation to *COOH, and CO desorption can be efficiently facilitated by NiSA sites, thereby resulting in enhanced CO2RR performance.
A Laser‐Processed Carbon‐Titanium Carbide Heterostructure Electrode for High‐Frequency Micro‐Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Wang Zhiyuan , Wang Fangcheng , Qin Tingting , Zhu Haojie , Liu Peng , Zhao Guangyao , Wang Xiaoshu , Kang Feiyu , Wang Lei , Yang Cheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMicro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) are an important energy storage component for future miniaturized electronic systems, yet their key performance indexes such as high‐frequency response, energy density, and cycle life still have a large room to be improved. Herein, a laser‐processed carbon‐titanium carbide heterostructure (LCTH) electrode is demonstrated, which can excellently address the above key challenges by employing a unique one‐step laser‐processing fabrication method. Different from the other reported electrode structures, this LCTH electrode shows a heterogeneous structure, featuring the carbon nanofoam layer which provides extremely short ion transport channels and abundant electrochemical active sites, and the underlying titanium carbide layer which can provide excellent electron conductivity and contribute to the pseudo‐capacitance. The assembled symmetric supercapacitor can stably work at the voltage window of 3.5 V at an ultra‐high frequency of approximately 1121.3 Hz, exhibiting an ultra‐high areal specific energy density of 721 µFV2 cm−2 at 120 Hz and a cycle life of 140 000 cycles with capacitance retention of 100.95%, which is superior to most reported MSCs. The as‐fabricated MSC is compatible with the contemporary embedded electronic component fabrication processes, which shows significant advantages in large‐scale fabrication and system integration, demonstrating a broad prospect for future system‐in‐package applications.
Achieving Stable and Ultrafast Potassium Storage of Antimony Anode via Dual Confinement of MXene@Carbon Framework
Authors: Tian Xue , Zhang Peng , Liao Yizhi , Soomro Razium A. , Xu Bin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAntimony‐based anode materials are recognized for their high potassium storage capacities and appropriate operating potentials. However, the large volume expansion of Sb during the potassiation/depotassiation process, which results in a quick capacity decay, severely limits its practical application in potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). Here, a carbon‐coated Sb/MXene heterostructure composite (CSM) is synthesized by adsorption of Sb3+ on MXene nanosheets via Sb‐O‐Ti bonds followed by carbothermic reduction to construct dual‐confined MXene@carbon conductive framework capable of withstanding high volume expansion of Sb and conducive to enabling accelerated electron transfer kinetics. The CSM composite, particularly CSM‐700, when configured as an anode for PIBs, realized high capacity (484.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), an ultra‐stable cycling performance with a high reversible capacity of 435.9 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles corresponding to a capacity retention rate of 90.0%, and superior rate performance of 323.0 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1. The proposed strategy offers a simple route to construct high‐performance Sb‐based anodes for advanced PIBs.
Explicitly quantifying the effect of bond stress on the failure of reinforced concrete membranes
Authors: Geng Fei , Xu Chao , Wen Zengping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe bond stress disturbs the compressive stress in the concrete of reinforced concrete (RC) membrane elements. However, the contribution of bond stress to the compression in the cracked concrete struts was usually neglected. In this study, the contribution of bond stress to the maximum compression in the cracked RC was quantified by explicitly considering the bond stress in the truss model. It is found that the bond stress has a significant contribution to the maximum compressive stress in the cracked RC. For pure shear, the contribution of bond stress to the compressive stress in the concrete is at least two times of the average (apparent) compression. In addition, the proposed model can determine the failure of RC membrane elements through simple uniaxial constitutive relations of materials, instead of the modified ones in the smeared crack models. The failure of RC membrane elements can be predicted in a simple manner with good accuracy.
Connected learning: An approach for teaching nature of science aspects and argumentation components
Authors: Khishfe Rola 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe study investigated the influence of a connected learning approach for explicit nature of science (NOS) instruction and explicit argumentation instruction, in comparison with a non‐connected approach, on students' NOS conceptions and argumentation skills. Participants comprised 42 students enrolled in two sections of grade 10 that were randomly assigned (flip of a coin) into two groups: Connected (22 students) and non‐connected (20 students). Participants in both groups were taught by the same teacher. The duration for the treatment was 2 months and one unit about plants was addressed. Participants in one group received explicit NOS and explicit argumentation instruction and learned about NOS and argumentation components as connected and at the same time, while participants in the other group received explicit NOS instruction and explicit argumentation instruction as non‐connected and learned about them as separate. An open‐ended questionnaire, together with individual semi‐structured interviews, were administered at the beginning and conclusion of the study to assess participants' NOS conceptions and argumentation components in socioscientific contexts. The results showed that the connected group outperformed the non‐connected group in generating arguments and counterarguments. As for NOS, the results revealed that both the connected and non‐connected approaches showed a general enhancement of the conceptions of the NOS aspects. These results are interpreted in terms of the reflective judgment model, argumentation as a framework, an explicit approach, cognitive load theory, and curriculum coherence.
High-Speed Neural Imaging with Synaptic Resolution: Bessel Focus Scanning Two-Photon Microscopy and Optical-Sectioning Widefield Microscopy
Authors: Meng Guanghan , Zhang Qinrong , Ji Na 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBrain is composed of complex networks of neurons that work in concert to underlie the animal’s cognition and behavior. Neurons communicate via structures called synapses, which typically require submicron spatial resolution to visualize. To understand the computation of individual neurons as well as neural networks, methods that can monitor neuronal morphology and function in vivo at synaptic spatial resolution and sub-second temporal resolution are required. In this chapter, we discuss the principles and applications of two enabling optical microscopy methods: two-photon fluorescence microscopy equipped with Bessel focus scanning technology and widefield fluorescence microscopy with optical sectioning ability, both of which could be combined with optogenetic stimulation for all optical interrogation of neural circuits. Details on their design and implementation, as well as example applications, are presented.
Optical and Analytical Methods to Visualize and Manipulate Cortical Ensembles and Behavior
Authors: Carrillo-Reid Luis , Yang Weijian , Yuste Rafael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe development of all-optical techniques and analytical tools to visualize and manipulate the activity of identified neuronal ensembles enables the characterization of causal relations between neuronal activity and behavioral states. In this chapter, we review the implementation of simultaneous two-photon imaging and holographic optogenetics in conjunction with population analytical tools to identify and reactivate neuronal ensembles to control a visual-guided behavior.
Balancing the Fluorescence Imaging Budget for All-Optical Neurophysiology Experiments
Authors: Quicke Peter , Howe Carmel L. , Foust Amanda J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe goal of this chapter is to establish a framework to evaluate imaging methodologies for all-optical neurophysiology experiments. This is not an exhaustive review of fluorescent indicators and imaging modalities but rather aims to distill the functional imaging principles driving the choice of both. Scientific priorities determine whether the imaging strategy is based on an “optimal fluorescent indicator” or “optimal imaging modality.” The choice of the first constrains the choice of the second due to each’s contributions to the fluorescence budget and signal-to-noise ratio of time-varying fluorescence changes.
Larger twists and higher n-point functions with fractional conformal descendants in SN orbifold CFTs at large N
Authors: Burrington Benjamin A. , Peet A. W. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We consider correlation functions in symmetric product (SN) orbifold CFTs at large N with arbitrary seed CFT, expanding on our earlier work [1]. Using covering space techniques, we calculate descent relations using fractional Virasoro generators in correlators, writing correlators of descendants in terms of correlators of ancestors. We first consider the case three-point functions of the form (m-cycle)-(n-cycle)-(q-cycle) which lift to arbitrary primaries on the cover, and descendants thereof. In these examples we show that the correlator descent relations make sense in the base space orbifold CFT, but do not depend on the specific details of the seed CFT. This makes these descent relations universal in all SN orbifold CFTs. Next, we explore four-point functions of the form (2-cycle)-(n-cycle)-(n-cycle)-(2-cycle) which lift to arbitrary primaries on the cover, and descendants thereof. In such cases a single parameter in the map s parameterizes both the base space cross ratio ζz and the covering space cross ratio ζt. We find that the correlator descent relations for the four point function make sense in the base space orbifold CFT as well, arguing that the dependence on the parameter s is tantamount to writing the descent relations in terms of the base space cross ratio. These descent relations again do not depend on the specifics of the seed CFT, making these universal as well.
Sparse Grid Approximation in Weighted Wiener Spaces
Authors: Kolomoitsev Yurii , Lomako Tetiana , Tikhonov Sergey 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe study approximation properties of multivariate periodic functions from weighted Wiener spaces by sparse grid methods constructed with the help of quasi-interpolation operators. The class of such operators includes classical interpolation and sampling operators, Kantorovich-type operators, scaling expansions associated with wavelet constructions, and others. We obtain the rate of convergence of the corresponding sparse grid methods in weighted Wiener norms as well as analogues of the Littlewood–Paley-type characterizations in terms of families of quasi-interpolation operators.
Novel imino-thiazoloquinoxaline derivatives against renal cell carcinoma: less radiation-damaging approach
Authors: Zaher Nashwa H. , El-Hazek Reham M. M. , El-Gazzar Mostafa G. M. , El-Sabbagh Walaa A. , Fadel Noha A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most fatal tumor in the urinary system. Resistance development and unmet effective responses, request new anticancer agents with better therapeutic index. Ten new imino-thiazolo-quinoxaline derivatives (5a-j) were synthesized and preliminary evaluated for downregulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) activity taking sorafenib as a reference drug. Compounds 5d & 5h showed potent inhibition to VEGFR-2 activity at IC50 89.35 nM & 60.64 nM, respectively, then they both were further evaluated in-vitro against urinary bladder cancer cell line T-24 taking sorafenib as a reference drug. Compound 5h displayed nearly anticancer activity to sorafenib against T-24 cell line in all concentrations tested except at concentration 10 µM where it highly suppressed cell viability to 6.71 % compared to 15.15% of sorafenib. Compound 5h was then evaluated for its ameliorative efect against radiation induced renal tissue injury. Assessment of pro-angiogenic (VEGFR-2), pro-fibrotic (transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)) and apoptotic (caspase-3) markers, as well as histopathological examinations were performed on kidney of irradiated mice. Results showed ability of compound 5h to downregulate VEGFR-2 activity and its cytotoxic effect against RCC, in addition to mitigation of radiation induced renal tissue injury. Ethyl imino-thiazoloquinoxaline carboxylate derivative 5h showed a potential cytotoxic activity against RCC and could be considered a promosing alleviative candidate when employed post radiotherapy regimen.
Graphical Abstract
Interinstitutional analysis of the outcome after surgery for type A aortic dissection
Authors: Biancari Fausto , Dell’Aquila Angelo M. , Gatti Giuseppe , Perrotti Andrea , Hervé Amélie , Touma Joseph , Pettinari Matteo , Peterss Sven , Buech Joscha , Wisniewski Konrad , Juvonen Tatu , Jormalainen Mikko , Mustonen Caius , Rukosujew Andreas , Demal Till , Conradi Lenard , Pol Marek , Kacer Petr , Onorati Francesco , Rossetti Cecilia , Vendramin Igor , Piani Daniela , Rinaldi Mauro , Ferrante Luisa , Quintana Eduard , Pruna-Guillen Robert , Lega Javier Rodriguez , Pinto Angel G. , Acharya Metesh , El-Dean Zein , Field Mark , Harky Amer , Kuduvalli Manoj , Nappi Francesco , Gerelli Sebastien , Di Perna Dario , Mazzaro Enzo , Rosato Stefano , Fiore Antonio , Mariscalco Giovanni 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the impact of individual institutions on the outcome after surgery for Stanford type A aortic dissection (TAAD).

Methods
This is an observational, multicenter, retrospective cohort study including 3902 patients who underwent surgery for TAAD at 18 university and non-university hospitals.

Results
Logistic regression showed that four hospitals had increased risk of in-hospital mortality, while two hospitals were associated with decreased risk of in-hospital mortality. Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality rates were lower in four hospitals and higher in other four hospitals compared to the overall in-hospital mortality rate (17.7%). Participating hospitals were classified as overperforming or underperforming if their risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality rate was lower or higher than the in-hospital mortality rate of the overall series, respectively. Propensity score matching yielded 1729 pairs of patients operated at over- or underperforming hospitals. Overperforming hospitals had a significantly lower in-hospital mortality (12.8% vs. 22.2%, p < 0.0001) along with decreased rate of stroke and/or global brain ischemia (16.5% vs. 19.9%, p = 0.009) compared to underperforming hospitals. Aggregate data meta-regression of the results of participating hospitals showed that hospital volume was inversely associated with in-hospital mortality (p = 0.043). Hospitals with an annual volume of less than 15 cases had an increased risk of in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR, 1.345, 95% CI 1.126–1.607).

Conclusion
The present findings indicate that there are significant differences between hospitals in terms of early outcome after surgery for TAAD. Low hospital volume may be a determinant of poor outcome of TAAD.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04831073.