bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reductions: precontact versus presymplectic
Authors: Grabowska Katarzyna , Grabowski Janusz 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe show that contact reductions can be described in terms of symplectic reductions in the traditional Marsden–Weinstein–Meyer as well as the constant rank picture. The point is that we view contact structures as particular (homogeneous) symplectic structures. A group action by contactomorphisms is lifted to a Hamiltonian action on the corresponding symplectic manifold, called the symplectic cover of the contact manifold. In contrast to the majority of the literature in the subject, our approach includes general contact structures (not only co-oriented) and changes the traditional view point: contact Hamiltonians and contact moment maps for contactomorphism groups are no longer defined on the contact manifold itself, but on its symplectic cover. Actually, the developed framework for reductions is slightly more general than purely contact, and includes a precontact and presymplectic setting which is based on the observation that there is a one-to-one correspondence between isomorphism classes of precontact manifolds and certain homogeneous presymplectic manifolds.
Quantifying whole bladder biomechanics using the novel pentaplanar reflected image macroscopy system
Authors: Hennig Grant , Saxena Pragya , Broemer Eli , Herrera Gerald M. , Roccabianca Sara , Tykocki Nathan R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOptimal bladder compliance is essential to urinary bladder storage and voiding functions. Calculated as the change in filling volume per change in pressure, bladder compliance is used clinically to characterize changes in bladder wall biomechanical properties that associate with lower urinary tract dysfunction. But because this method calculates compliance without regard to wall structure or wall volume, it gives little insight into the mechanical properties of the bladder wall during filling. Thus, we developed Pentaplanar Reflected Image Macroscopy (PRIM): a novel ex vivo imaging method to accurately calculate bladder wall stress and stretch in real time during bladder filling. The PRIM system simultaneously records intravesical pressure, infused volume, and an image of the bladder in five distinct visual planes. Wall thickness and volume were then measured and used to calculate stress and stretch during filling. As predicted, wall stress was nonlinear; only when intravesical pressure exceeded ~ 15 mmHg did bladder wall stress rapidly increase with respect to stretch. This method of calculating compliance as stress vs stretch also showed that the mechanical properties of the bladder wall remain similar in bladders of varying capacity. This study demonstrates how wall tension, stress and stretch can be measured, quantified, and used to accurately define bladder wall biomechanics in terms of actual material properties and not pressure/volume changes. This method is especially useful for determining how changes in bladder biomechanics are altered in pathologies where profound bladder wall remodeling occurs, such as diabetes and spinal cord injury.
Extended mechanical loads for the analysis of acetabular cages
Authors: Dóczi Martin O. , Sződy Róbert , Zwierczyk Péter T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo analyse the strength and mechanical behaviour of hip implants, it is essential to employ an appropriate loading model. Generating computational models supplemented with muscle forces is a complicated task, especially in the initial phase of implant development. This research aims to expand the possibilities of the simpler acetabular cage model based on joint loads without significantly increasing the demand for computing resources. A Python script covered and grouped the loads from daily activities. The ten calculated major loads were compared with the maximum of the walking and stair climbing loads through the finite element analyses of a custom-made acetabular cage. Sensitivity analyses were performed for the surrounding bones’ elastic modulus and the pelvis boundary conditions. The major loads can geometrically cover the entire load spectrum of daily activities. The effect of many high-magnitude force vectors is uncertain in the approach that uses the most common maximum loads. Using these resultant major loads, a new stress concentration area could be detected on the acetabular cage, besides the stress concentration areas induced by the loads reported in the literature. The qualitative correctness of the results is also supported by a control computed tomography scan: a fracture occurred in an extensive, high-stress zone. The results are not sensitive to changes in the elastic modulus of the surrounding bone and the boundary conditions of the model. The presented load vectors and the algorithm make more extensive static analyses possible with little computational overhead. The proposed method can be used for checking the static strength of similar implants.
Numerical modelling for the seismic assessment of complex masonry heritage buildings: the case study of the Giralda tower
Authors: Romero-Sánchez Emilio , Morales-Esteban Antonio , Bento Rita , Navarro-Casas Jaime 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExisting heritage buildings can be especially vulnerable to earthquakes. They were designed only considering gravity loads and some of them are located in earthquake prone areas, such as the southwestern Iberian Peninsula. Besides, there is a high uncertainty in the definition of their constructive parameters and complex geometry. Due to that, it is paramount to develop accurate numerical models to obtain a reliable assessment of their seismic behaviour. Given this, the main objective of this manuscript is to analyse the seismic behaviour of the Giralda tower, located in Seville (Spain). It was declared as a Word Heritage Site of Outstanding Universal Value by the UNESCO in 1987. Seville has a moderate seismic hazard, but it has been shown that the soft alluvial strata amplify the seismic action. The tower has a brick and stone masonry structure, which was constructed in several construction phases. A 3D Finite Element Model of the tower has been developed using OpenSees software, employing a 3D CAD model. Modal analyses and nonlinear static analyses have been applied to calibrate and to assess the tower’s seismic behaviour. The results showed significant differences in function of the load pattern. It should be remarked that the boundary conditions have a notable effect upon getting a good calibration of the model. Regarding the damage, it has been found to match the historic records: the ramps would be ruined and, in the outer wall, it would be concentrated near the openings, especially close to the belfry.
PAM50 intrinsic subtypes, risk of recurrence score and breast cancer survival in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients—a South African cohort study
Authors: Phakathi Boitumelo , Dix-Peek Therese , Van Den Berg Eunice , Dickens Caroline , Nietz Sarah , Cubasch Herbert , Joffe Maureen , Neugut Alfred I. , Jacobson Judith S. , Ruff Paul , Duarte Raquel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Treatment decision making for patients with breast cancer increasingly depends on analysis of markers or systems for estimating risk of breast cancer recurrence. Breast cancer intrinsic subtypes and risk of recurrence (ROR) scores have been found to be valuable in predicting survival and determining optimal treatment for individual patients. We studied the association of breast cancer survival with the PAM50 gene expression assay in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients.

Method
RNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens of histologically confirmed invasive carcinoma and was purified using the AllPrep® DNA/RNA FFPE kit, Qiagen (Hilden, Germany). The NanoString RUO PAM50 algorithm was used to determine the molecular subtype and the risk of recurrence score of each sample. The overall and disease-free survival were determined with comparison made among HIV-positive and -negative patients. We then generated Kaplan–Meier survival curves, calculated p-values and estimated hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals using Cox regression models.

Results
Of the 384 RNA samples analysed, 98.4% met the required RNA quality standard and the specified QC threshold for the test. Luminal B was the most common PAM50 intrinsic subtype and 82.1% of patients were at high risk for disease recurrence based on ROR score. HIV infection, PAM50-based HER2-enriched and basal-like intrinsic subtypes, and high ROR were associated with poor overall and disease-free survival. HIV-positive patients with luminal A & B subtypes had significantly worse survival outcomes than HIV-negative luminal patents.

Conclusion
Aggressive tumour biology was common in our cohort. HIV infection, PAM50 HER2-enriched,basal-like intrinsic subtypes and high ROR score were associated with poor overall and disease-free survival. HIV infection impacted survival in patients with luminal subtypes only.
Local variability, human factor or vague procedure? Searching for the reasons of excessive mortality in free living aquatic insects, resulting from biological monitoring
Authors: Koperski Paweł 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDuring the analysis of the biomonitoring data of Polish watercourses, it was found that the vast majority of aquatic insects (83–95% of more than 8.8 million individuals collected between 2012 and 2019) die unnecessarily during sampling, as a result of the sub-sampling procedure. Great, in some cases 30-fold differences in the mortality of insects, including those belonging to protected taxa, were observed between the samples analyzed by various regional laboratories. The most important reason for these differences appears to be factors that can be collectively referred to as the ‘human factor’, related to removing insects from the sphere of ethical protection, makes their killing an activity ethically neutral. This kind of attitude, which does not attach any importance to the life and suffering of insects interacts with the lack of precise requirements for the sampling equipment used. Those factors seem to be the most important in explaining the causes of excessive mortality of aquatic insects during sampling and the huge differences between laboratories. Principal component analysis and the analysis of variability measures showed that ecological differences between sampling sites can only be considered as a secondary determinant.Implications for insect conservationImproperly planned and conducted monitoring procedures, through excessive mortality of free-living aquatic insects, have or may have a negative impact on the environment and biodiversity. Therefore, it seems very important to promote alternative solutions that reduce such mortality in biological monitoring, such as: non-lethal methods of animal sampling, the use of pre-sampling areas to estimate the density of animals before sampling and estimation of the maximum abundance of a sample necessary for a reliable estimate of taxonomic richness using rarefaction.
Collusion Revisited: A Narrative Review of Dyadic Collusions
Authors: Stiefel F. , Bourquin C. , Saraga M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCollusion is a specific and potentially harmful transference-countertransference interaction. At its core is an unconscious, unresolved issue shared by two or more participants, who are interlocked in a defensive maneuver. The issue at stake, which is avoided at the intrapsychic level, externalized, and circulating in the interpersonal space, may pertain to control, intimacy, loss, or domination, among other possibilities. Collusion occurs not only in psychoanalysis, psychotherapy, psychiatry, and medicine but also in couples and both within and between groups. This critical narrative review is based on a comprehensive consultation of the literature and our experiences as psychotherapists, supervisors, and researchers. We situate and delineate collusion, engage in a critical dialog with the literature and question some conceptual aspects of collusion. The aim of this review is to stimulate the interest of clinicians, supervisors, and researchers in this somewhat neglected phenomenon and to demonstrate and illustrate the challenges and pitfalls that clinicians face in collusive encounters. Finally, we provide clues to identify and ways of working through collusion in the context of psychotherapy and supervision.
Déclin et célébration du vivant dans l’écriture d’Émile Verhaeren
Authors: Ninanne Dominique 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article is an ecopoetic reading of a selection of works (poetry and theatre) of the Belgian symbolist Émile Verhaeren. Its aim is to highlight the critical discourse and the constructive discourse of the author about the environmental question and the relationship between culture and nature. We will start with his “social trilogy”, Les Campagnes hallucinées, Les Villes tentaculaires and Les Aubes, and analyze the representation of the pollution and the transformation of the countryside landscape which was triggered by unbridled industrialization in the late nineteenth century, while focusing on the materialist writing and the decadent imaginary.We will then examine his vitalist collections, Les Visages de la vie, Les Forces tumultueuses and La Multiple splendeur, and analyze how the poet imagines the return of harmony between humans and nature and also see how his thinking was close to his contemporaries’ utopian projections. We will lastly demonstrate that his poetic art celebrates the living world from an internal and sensitive vision.
Epistemic Health, Epistemic Immunity and Epistemic Inoculation
Authors: Piovarchy Adam , Siskind Scott 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces three new concepts: epistemic health, epistemic immunity, and epistemic inoculation. Epistemic health is a measure of how well an entity (e.g. person, community, nation) is functioning with regard to various epistemic goods or ideals. It is constituted by many different factors (e.g. possessing true beliefs, being disposed to make reliable inferences), is improved or degraded by many different things (e.g. research funding, social trust), and many different kinds of inquiry are relevant to its study. Epistemic immunity is the robustness with which an entity is resistant to performing certain kinds of epistemic activity, such as questioning certain ideas, believing certain sources, or making certain inferences. Epistemic inoculation occurs when social, political or cultural processes cause an entity to become immune to engaging in certain epistemic activities. After outlining each of these concepts, we close by considering some of the risks associated with attempts to improve others’ epistemic health.
Widening mismatch between UK seafood production and consumer demand: a 120-year perspective
Authors: Harrison Luke O. J. , Engelhard Georg H. , Thurstan Ruth H. , Sturrock Anna M. 
Published: June 2023

﻿Abstrac﻿﻿tDeveloped countries are increasingly dependent on international trade to meet seafood requirements, which has important social, environmental, and economic implications. After becoming an independent coastal state following Brexit, the UK faces increased trade barriers and changes in seafood availability and cost. We compiled a long-term (120-year) dataset of UK seafood production (landings and aquaculture), imports, and exports, and assessed the influence of policy change and consumer preference on domestic production and consumption. In the early twentieth century, distant-water fisheries met an increasing demand for large, flaky fish such as cod and haddock that are more abundant in northerly waters. Accordingly, from 1900 to 1975, the UK fleet supplied almost 90% of these fish. However, policy changes in the mid-1970s such as the widespread establishment of Exclusive Economic Zones and the UK joining the European Union resulted in large declines in distant-water fisheries and a growing mismatch between seafood production versus consumption in the UK. While in 1975, UK landings and aquaculture accounted for 89% of seafood consumed by the British public, by 2019 this was only 40%. The combination of policy changes and staunch consumer preferences for non-local species has resulted in today’s situation, where the vast majority of seafood consumed in the UK is imported, and most seafood produced domestically is exported. There are also health considerations. The UK public currently consumes 31% less seafood than is recommended by government guidelines, and even if local species were more popular, total domestic production would still be 73% below recommended levels. In the face of climate change, global overfishing and potentially restrictive trade barriers, promoting locally sourced seafood and non-seafood alternatives would be prudent to help meet national food security demands, and health and environmental targets﻿﻿.﻿
Efficient and Low-Cost Surfactant-Assisted Solid Phase Extraction Procedure For Removal Of Methylene Blue Using Natural Dolomite
Authors: Mortada Wael I. , Nabieh Kareem A. , Abdelghany Amr M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract Water pollution results from rapid urbanization and industrialization which has harmful effects on human health. Adsorption is one of the most efficient processes to remove pollutants from contaminated water. Natural minerals, such as dolomite, are widely spread around the world and may be easily collected in huge quantities. In this work, dolomite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and was investigated for its applicability for removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous medium in a surfactant-assisted procedure. Using the one-factor one-time approach, batch adsorption studies were performed to establish the best experimental conditions (pH, sorbent amount, shaking time, type and concentration of surfactant and ionic strength) for removal of MB by dolomite. At optimum conditions (pH 8.0, shaking time 90 min, 1.0 g L−1 dolomite, 0.1% w/v sodium dodecyl sulfate, 25 °C), the maximum adsorption capacity was 22.2 mg g−1 and the adsorption process obeyed Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The findings show that dolomite effectively adsorbs MB and may be used as a less expensive sorbent in wastewater treatment to remove MB.
Graphical Abstract
Sea surface surveys for microplastic and floating marine macro litter items in coastal waters of Cabrera Archipelago Maritime Terrestrial National Park
Authors: Compa Montserrat , Alomar Carme , Rios-Fuster Beatriz , Fagiano Valentina , Deudero Salud 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study is aimed at identifying and comparing microplastics and floating marine litter along the sea surface in the marine protected area of Cabrera Archipelago Maritime Terrestrial National Park (Cabrera MPA) in the Balearic Islands. A total of 52 net surveys and 22 visual surveys were carried out between July and August in 2019 and 2020. The abundance of microplastic (MP) items was highest in the southern and eastern regions, with an average of 381,244.4 ± 1,031,082.8 items/km2 weighing an average of 927.1 ± 2731.4 g/km2. Most of these items were < 5 mm (81%) in size and were mainly composed of polyethylene and polypropylene (98%). In terms of floating marine macro litter (ML) from visual surveys, an average of 2028 ± 2084 items/km2 were observed. In this case, the majority of the ML items were plastic pieces (69%) measuring 2.5 to 50 cm. Furthermore, ML quantified by visual surveys was an order of magnitude higher than in similar studies carried out on large vessels, highlighting the importance of vessel height and speed for identifying the smallest size fractions (81%). The results of this study document the intensity of MPs and ML, primarily plastic, in coastal waters, and provide a baseline for management efforts to mitigate floating litter, in addition to raising awareness of the transferability of marine litter from other regions.
Germanium speciation study in soil from an electronic waste processing plant area
Authors: Jabłońska-Czapla Magdalena , Grygoyć Katarzyna , Rachwał Marzena , Fornalczyk Agnieszka , Willner Joanna 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Germanium (Ge) is known as a Technology Critical Element (TCE) and has been widely used in electronic and industrial products. Waste electronic and electrical equipment (WEEE) containing germanium goes to WEEE treatment plants. The transfer of Ge in the environment makes it necessary to get to know its mobility, reactivity, and chemical transformations in soil. The objective of this research was to develop a methodology for germanium speciation in soil under pressure from storage, processing, and recovery from electrowaste.

Materials and methods
Thirty soil cores (30 cm long) were collected from an area around a WEEE plant, using a Humax soil sampler. Soil magnetometry methods were used for the first time during the determination of soil sampling points for germanium. After basic physicochemical analysis (pH, Eh, total element concentration using the ICP-MS technique), soil samples were prepared for germanium speciation. The optimisation and validation of a methodology for determining Ge species in easily-leached fractions of soil collected from areas around an electrowaste plant, was studied using Ion Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (IC-ICP-MS). Chromatographic conditions were optimised, taking soil matrix effects into account. Optimised Ge extraction from the soil included: extraction time, type of extractants, extraction support using shaking, and ultrasound.

Results and discussion
The Ge species (Ge(IV), monomethylgermanium (MMGe), and dimethylgermanium (DMGe)) were successfully separated after 12 min on a Dionex IonPac AS9-HC column with ammonium nitrate and potassium sodium tartrate as an elution phase. The highest extraction efficiency was achieved by using 100 mM NH4NO3 with 1 mM potassium sodium tartrate as an extractant, that washes out Ge from soils within 4 h. In most cases, the soils contained a Ge(IV) form. Germanium methyl derivatives were only found in a few soil samples. Our research showed that germanium concentration in the studied area was as high as 7.64 mg.kg−1, with an average concentration of 3.51 mg.kg−1. The results allowed the creation of a correlation matrix, which identified many strong correlations.

Conclusion
This research confirmed the impact of a WEEE plant on the increase of the Ge content in topsoil, when in direct proximity. Increased germanium content occurred in soil samples located north of the emitter, which is consistent with the prevailing wind direction. The study confirmed that the soil magnetometry method is applicable for detecting TCE. Soil samples with the highest content of germanium had a very high magnetic susceptibility and there is a correlation between these parameters.
Understanding the determinants of bond excess returns using explainable AI
Authors: Beckmann Lars , Debener Jörn , Kriebel Johannes 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecent empirical evidence indicates that bond excess returns can be predicted using machine learning models. However, although the predictive power of machine learning models is intriguing, they typically lack transparency. This paper introduces the state-of-the-art explainable artificial intelligence technique SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to open the black box of these models. Our analysis identifies the key determinants that drive the predictions of bond excess returns produced by machine learning models and recognizes how these determinants relate to bond excess returns. This approach facilitates an economic interpretation of the predictions of bond excess returns made by machine learning models and contributes to a thorough understanding of the determinants of bond excess returns, which is critical for the decisions of market participants and the evaluation of economic theories.