bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaf Species-Dependent Fungicide Effects on the Function and Abundance of Associated Microbial Communities
Authors: Gonçalves Sara , Post Ruben , Konschak Marco , Zubrod Jochen , Feckler Alexander , Bundschuh Mirco 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMicrobially-mediated leaf litter decomposition is a critical ecosystem function in running waters within forested areas, which can be affected by fungicides. However, fungicide effects on leaf litter decomposition have been investigated almost exclusively with black alder leaves, a leaf species with traits favourable to consumers (i.e., low recalcitrance and high nutrient content). At the same time, little is known about fungicide effects on microbial colonisation and decomposition of other leaf species with less favourable traits. In this 21 day lasting study, we explore the effects of increasing fungicide sum concentrations (0–3000 µg/L) on microbial colonisation and decomposition of three leaf species (black alder, Norway maple and European beech) differing in terms of recalcitrance and nutrient content. Leaf litter decomposition rate, leaf-associated fungal biomass and bacterial density were quantified to observe potential effects at the functional level. Beech, as the species with the least favourable leaf traits, showed a substantially lower decomposition rate (50%) in absence of fungicides than alder and maple. In the presence of high fungicide concentrations (300–3000 µg/L), beech showed a concentration-related decrease not only in microbial leaf litter decomposition but also fungal biomass. This suggests that favourable traits of leaf litter (as for alder and maple) enable leaf-associated microorganisms to acquire leaf-bound energy more easily to withstand potential effects induced by fungicide exposure. Our results indicate the need to deepen our understanding on how leaf species’ traits interact with the impact of chemical stressors on the leaf decomposition activity of microbial communities.
Energy saving in milling of electron beam–melted Ti6Al4V parts: influence of process parameters
Authors: Cozzolino Ersilia , Astarita Antonello 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is claimed to be a green technology because of its potential in improving material use efficiency. Electron beam melting (EBM) is among the most popular AM techniques adopted to manufacture titanium parts for medical and aerospace applications, as the technology offers an effective way of producing lightweight and complex parts. Nevertheless, additively manufactured parts hardly ever meet industrial quality standards, so post-treatments are always required resulting in additional resources and energy consumption. Moreover, still few works exist on joint analysis of energy consumption and roughness in milling EBMed parts by means of a non-typical tool, and this study aims to fill this gap of knowledge. Three EBM Ti6Al4V cylindrical samples were manufactured into a single job of the ARCAM A2X machine in the same process conditions. Three lengths, 120° apart from each other, were defined along the direction parallel to the axis of each cylinder to perform the milling by varying spindle speed, depth of cut, and machining speed. A high-performance complex-shaped insert has been used to perform the milling process to improve the surface finishing of the Ti6Al4V EBMed samples. Total energy consumption has been calculated as the sum of the machining time and the non-machining time. A joint investigation of both the surface roughness and the energy consumption in machining led to understanding which the best cut strategies are to perform milling with a complex cutting tool from a sustainability perspective. Results showed that it is not sustainable to choose the minimum depth of cut to obtain a fixed total depth of material removed as non-machining time showed to play a crucial role in the total energy consumption of the milling process.
Testing for correlation between the regressors and factor loadings in heterogeneous panels with interactive effects
Authors: Kapetanios George , Serlenga Laura , Shin Yongcheol 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA large literature on modelling cross-section dependence in panels has been developed through interactive effects. However, there are areas where research has not really caught on yet. One such area is the one concerned with whether the regressors are correlated with factor loadings or not. This is an important issue because if the regressors are uncorrelated with loadings, we can simply use the consistent two-way fixed effects (FE) estimator without employing any more sophisticated econometric methods such as the principal component (PC) or the common correlated effects estimators. We explore this issue, which has received surprisingly little attention and propose a Hausman-type test to address the matter. Further, we develop two nonparametric variance estimators for the FE and PC estimators as well as their difference, that are robust to the presence of heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation and slope heterogeneity. Under the null hypothesis of no correlation between the regressors and loadings the proposed test follows the $$\chi ^{2}$$

χ
2

distribution asymptotically. Monte Carlo simulation results confirm satisfactory size and power performance of the test even in small samples. Finally, we provide extensive empirical evidence in favour of uncorrelated factor loadings. In this situation, the FE estimator would provide a simple and robust estimation strategy which is invariant to nontrivial computational issues associated with the PC estimator.
On the foundation of monopoly in bilateral exchange
Authors: Busetto Francesca , Codognato Giulio , Ghosal Sayantan , Turchet Damiano 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe address the problem of monopoly in general equilibrium in a mixed version of a monopolistic two-commodity exchange economy where the monopolist, represented as an atom, is endowed with one commodity and “small traders,” represented by an atomless part, are endowed only with the other. First we provide an economic theoretical foundation of the monopoly solution in this bilateral framework through a formalization of an explicit trading process inspired by Pareto (Cours d’économie politique. F. Rouge Editeur, Lausanne, 1896) for an exchange economy with a finite number of commodities, and we give the conditions under which our monopoly solution has the geometric characterization proposed by Schydlowsky and Siamwalla (Q J Econ 80:147–153, 1966). Then, we provide a game theoretical foundation of our monopoly solution through a two-stage reformulation of our model. This allows us to prove that the set of the allocations corresponding to a monopoly equilibrium and the set of the allocations corresponding to a subgame perfect equilibrium of the two-stage game coincide. Finally, we compare our model of monopoly with a bilateral exchange version of a pioneering model proposed by Forchheimer (Jahrbuch für Gesetzgebung, Verwaltung und Volkswirschafts im Deutschen Reich 32:1–12, 1908), known as a model of “partial monopoly” since there a monopolist shares a market with a“competitive fringe.” Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D42, D51.
Thoracoscopic Anatomical Sublobar Resection Including Subsegmentectomy for Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Matsui Takuya , Takahashi Yusuke , Nakada Takeo , Sugita Yusuke , Shinohara Shuichi , Suzuki Ayumi , Sakakura Noriaki , Takano Takatsugu , Chiba Kensuke , Nakamura Ryuji , Oda Risa , Tatematsu Tsutomu , Yokota Keisuke , Mizuno Kotaro , Haneda Hiroshi , Okuda Katsuhiro , Kuroda Hiroaki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundAmong anatomical sublobar resection techniques for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the clinical benefit of subsegmentectomy remains unclear. We investigated whether anatomical sublobar resection including subsegmentectomy—segmental resection with subsegmental additional resection or subsegmental resection alone—is an effective and feasible surgical procedure for NSCLC.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data of 285 patients with clinical stage I NSCLC who underwent anatomical sublobar resection at our institution from January 2013 to March 2021 and compared surgical outcomes between patients who underwent anatomical sublobar resection including (IS; n = 50) and excluding (ES; n = 235) subsegmentectomy.ResultsNo significant intergroup differences were noted in terms of age, sex, smoking, comorbidities, tumor size or location, consolidation tumor ratio, and preoperative pulmonary function. The IS group had more preoperative computed tomography‐guided markings (34 vs. 15%; p = .004) and smaller resected lung volumes converted to the total subsegment number [3 (2–4) vs. 3 (3–6); p = .02] than the ES group. No significant differences in margin distance [mm, 20 (15–20) vs. 20 (20–20); p = .93], readmission rate (2% vs. 3%; p > .99), and intraoperative (8% vs. 7%; p = .77) or postoperative (8% vs. 10%; p = .80) complication rates were observed, and the 5‐year local recurrence‐free survival (91% vs. 90%; p = .92) or postoperative pulmonary function change were comparable between both groups.ConclusionsAlthough further investigations are required, anatomical sublobar resection including subsegmentectomy for clinical stage I NSCLC could be an acceptable therapeutic option.
Surgically Amenable Childhood Cancers: An Overview of the Burden and Challenges of Management in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries
Authors: Abdelhafeez Abdelhafeez , Abib Simone , Lakhoo Kokila 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe World Health Organization's Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer was launched to decrease the disparities in childhood cancer outcomes and improve treatments for childhood cancer in resource‐limited settings. Low‐grade glioma, retinoblastoma, and Wilms tumors are among the index cancers included in this global initiative, as these cancers represent a large percentage of childhood tumors and are curable with cost‐effective, evidence‐based interventions. Herein, we discuss the global childhood tumor burden, the status of pediatric cancer surgery capacity and services around the world, and the strategic considerations for building pediatric surgical oncology capacity.
Mean-Variance-VaR portfolios: MIQP formulation and performance analysis
Authors: Cesarone Francesco , Martino Manuel L. , Tardella Fabio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractValue-at-risk is one of the most popular risk management tools in the financial industry. Over the past 20 years, several attempts to include VaR in the portfolio selection process have been proposed. However, using VaR as a risk measure in portfolio optimization models leads to problems that are computationally hard to solve. In view of this, few practical applications of VaR in portfolio selection have appeared in the literature up to now. In this paper, we propose to add the VaR criterion to the classical Mean-Variance approach in order to better address the typical regulatory constraints of the financial industry. We thus obtain a portfolio selection model characterized by three criteria: expected return, variance, and VaR at a specified confidence level. The resulting optimization problem consists in minimizing variance with parametric constraints on the levels of expected return and VaR. This model can be formulated as a mixed-integer quadratic programming (MIQP) problem. An extensive empirical analysis on seven real-world datasets demonstrates the practical applicability of the proposed approach. Furthermore, the out-of-sample performance of the more binding optimal Mean-Variance-VaR portfolios seems to be generally better than that of the Equally Weighted and of the Mean-Variance-CVaR portfolios.
Subjektive Erfahrungen in der Anpassung an die Pension
Authors: Reiner Julia , Misoch Sabina 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In der bisherigen Forschung zur Anpassung an die Pension dominieren quantitative Studien zur Entwicklung verschiedener Indikatoren des Anpassungserfolgs. Demgegenüber mangelt es an qualitativen Untersuchungen, welche die subjektiven Erfahrungswerte der Betroffenen im Anpassungsprozess an die Pension betrachten.

Fragestellung
Der Beitrag behandelt die subjektiven Anpassungserfahrungen von Personen, deren regulärer Pensionseintritt rund ein Jahr zurückliegt. Im Fokus stehen erlebte Gewöhnungserfordernisse und subjektiv relevante Faktoren der Lebenszufriedenheit.

Material und Methoden
Die Befunde basieren auf qualitativen Interviewdaten, die im Rahmen einer umfassenderen, zwischen 2019 und 2022 in der Deutschschweiz durchgeführten Mixed-Methods-Studie gewonnen wurden. Im Zuge dessen erfolgten 25 leitfadengestützte Interviews, die inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet wurden.

Ergebnisse
Der Pensionseintritt wurde mehrheitlich positiv erlebt, was v. a. mit einem Freiheitsgewinn und mit Regenerationsmöglichkeiten begründet wurde. Die Zeit nach der Pensionierung barg jedoch auch Gewöhnungserfordernisse in unterschiedlichen Lebensbereichen. Die Lebenszufriedenheit stieg gegenüber der Erstbefragung vor der Pensionierung an und wurde mit verschiedenen zu- und abträglichen Faktoren in Verbindung gebracht, die von persönlichen Merkmalen bis hin zu gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungen reichten.

Diskussion
Die Pensionierung stellt keine zwangsläufig krisenhafte Erfahrung dar, kann jedoch von anderen kritischen Ereignissen begleitet werden. Ein zufriedenstellendes Leben in der Pension steht mit multiplen Faktoren in Verbindung, unter denen die individuelle Ressourcenausstattung eine wesentliche Rolle spielt.
Matrix metalloproteinases in coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction
Authors: Bräuninger Hanna , Krüger Saskia , Bacmeister Lucas , Nyström Alexander , Eyerich Kilian , Westermann Dirk , Lindner Diana 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death worldwide. Most cardiovascular deaths are caused by ischaemic heart diseases such as myocardial infarction (MI). Hereby atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries often precedes disease manifestation. Since tissue remodelling plays an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis as well as in outcome after MI, regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as the major ECM-degrading enzymes with diverse other functions is crucial. Here, we provide an overview of the expression profiles of MMPs in coronary artery and left ventricular tissue using publicly available data from whole tissue to single-cell resolution. To approach an association between MMP expression and the development and outcome of CVDs, we further review studies investigating polymorphisms in MMP genes since polymorphisms are known to have an impact on gene expression. This review therefore aims to shed light on the role of MMPs in atherosclerosis and MI by summarizing current knowledge from publically available datasets, human studies, and analyses of polymorphisms up to preclinical and clinical trials of pharmacological MMP inhibition.
Brain DNA methylomic analysis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration reveals OTUD4 in shared dysregulated signatures across pathological subtypes
Authors: Fodder Katherine , Murthy Megha , Rizzu Patrizia , Toomey Christina E. , Hasan Rahat , Humphrey Jack , Raj Towfique , Lunnon Katie , Mill Jonathan , Heutink Peter , Lashley Tammaryn , Bettencourt Conceição 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFrontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is an umbrella term describing the neuropathology of a clinically, genetically and pathologically heterogeneous group of diseases, including frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Among the major FTLD pathological subgroups, FTLD with TDP-43 positive inclusions (FTLD-TDP) and FTLD with tau-positive inclusions (FTLD-tau) are the most common, representing about 90% of the cases. Although alterations in DNA methylation have been consistently associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, little is known for FTLD and its heterogeneous subgroups and subtypes. The main goal of this study was to investigate DNA methylation variation in FTLD-TDP and FTLD-tau. We used frontal cortex genome-wide DNA methylation profiles from three FTLD cohorts (142 FTLD cases and 92 controls), generated using the Illumina 450K or EPIC microarrays. We performed epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) for each cohort followed by meta-analysis to identify shared differentially methylated loci across FTLD subgroups/subtypes. In addition, we used weighted gene correlation network analysis to identify co-methylation signatures associated with FTLD and other disease-related traits. Wherever possible, we also incorporated relevant gene/protein expression data. After accounting for a conservative Bonferroni multiple testing correction, the EWAS meta-analysis revealed two differentially methylated loci in FTLD, one annotated to OTUD4 (5’UTR-shore) and the other to NFATC1 (gene body-island). Of these loci, OTUD4 showed consistent upregulation of mRNA and protein expression in FTLD. In addition, in the three independent co-methylation networks, OTUD4-containing modules were enriched for EWAS meta-analysis top loci and were strongly associated with the FTLD status. These co-methylation modules were enriched for genes implicated in the ubiquitin system, RNA/stress granule formation and glutamatergic synaptic signalling. Altogether, our findings identified novel FTLD-associated loci, and support a role for DNA methylation as a mechanism involved in the dysregulation of biological processes relevant to FTLD, highlighting novel potential avenues for therapeutic development.
Replisome-cohesin interactions provided by the Tof1-Csm3 and Mrc1 cohesion establishment factors
Authors: Shrestha Sudikchya , Minamino Masashi , Chen Zhuo A. , Bouchoux Céline , Rappsilber Juri , Uhlmann Frank 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe chromosomal cohesin complex establishes sister chromatid cohesion during S phase, which forms the basis for faithful segregation of DNA replication products during cell divisions. Cohesion establishment is defective in the absence of either of three non-essential Saccharomyces cerevisiae replication fork components Tof1-Csm3 and Mrc1. Here, we investigate how these conserved factors contribute to cohesion establishment. Tof1-Csm3 and Mrc1 serve known roles during DNA replication, including replication checkpoint signaling, securing replication fork speed, as well as recruiting topoisomerase I and the histone chaperone FACT. By modulating each of these functions independently, we rule out that one of these known replication roles explains the contribution of Tof1-Csm3 and Mrc1 to cohesion establishment. Instead, using purified components, we reveal direct and multipronged protein interactions of Tof1-Csm3 and Mrc1 with the cohesin complex. Our findings open the possibility that a series of physical interactions between replication fork components and cohesin facilitate successful establishment of sister chromatid cohesion during DNA replication.
An AI model to estimate visual acuity based solely on cross-sectional OCT imaging of various diseases
Authors: Inoda Satoru , Takahashi Hidenori , Arai Yusuke , Tampo Hironobu , Matsui Yoshitsugu , Kawashima Hidetoshi , Yanagi Yasuo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model for estimating best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using horizontal and vertical optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans of various retinal diseases and examine factors associated with its accuracy.

Methods
OCT images and associated BCVA measurements from 2,700 OCT images (accrued from 2004 to 2018 with an Atlantis, Triton; Topcon, Tokyo, Japan) of 756 eyes of 469 patients and their BCVA were retrospectively analysed. For each eye, one horizontal and one vertical OCT scan in cross-line mode were used. The GoogLeNet architecture was implemented. The coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were computed to evaluate the performance of the trained network.

Results
R2, RMSE, and MAE were 0.512, 0.350, and 0.321, respectively. R2 was higher in phakic eyes than in pseudophakic eyes. Multivariable regression analysis showed that a higher R2 was significantly associated with better BCVA (p < 0.001) and a higher standard deviation of BCVA (p < 0.001). However, the performance was worse in an external validation, with R2 of 0.19. R2 values for retinal vein occlusion and age-related macular degeneration were 0.961 and 0.373 in the internal validation but 0.20 and 0.22 in the external validation.

Conclusion
Although underspecification appears to be a fundamental problem to be addressed in AI models for predicting visual acuity, the present results suggest that AI models might have potential for estimating BCVA from OCT in AMD and RVO. Further research is needed to improve the utility of BCVA estimation for these diseases.
Morphological and molecular characterisation of two free-living bacterivorous nematodes belonging to Rhabditida from South Africa
Authors: Shokoohi E. , Abolafia J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA new population of Pseudacrobeles (Pseudacrobeles) macrocystis and Poikilolaimus oxycercus is described from South Africa. Poikilolaimus oxycercus was collected from soil covered by a natural grass in South Africa, which is morphologically similar to the original description. The South African population of P. oxycercus is characterised by having a small size (807–818 µm in males and 703–779 µm in males), female tail cupola-shaped (24–35 µm), and spicule length (27–35 µm). The South African population of P. (P.) macrocystis, collected from natural grass, is characterised by having a small size (611–786 µm), a lateral field with three incisures, lip region with lips bearing seta-like processes and blunt conoid labial probolae, primary and secondary axils smooth, nerve ring and excretory pore at the posterior part of the pharyngeal corpus, spermatheca well developed, postvulval uterine sac poorly developed, female tail conoid-elongate, male tail conoid with thin acute mucro and spicules small (31–36 µm). Measurements and line illustrations of the species are given. In addition, LM, SEM photographs and the phylogenetic position of P. (P.) macrocyctis are provided. The 18S and 28S rDNA analyses show that P. macrocystis is closely related to other species of the genus Pseudacrobeles having lips with seta-like processes. This is the first report of P. (P.) macrocystis from South Africa.