bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Assembled Tetratic Crystals by Orthogonal Colloidal Force
Authors: Li Shanshan , He Jingwen , Qiao Shuoyuan , Zhang Xinghua , Liu Bing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBonding simple building blocks to create crystalline materials with design has been sophisticated in the molecular world, but this is still very challenging for anisotropic nanoparticles or colloids, because the particle arrangements, including position and orientation, cannot be manipulated as expected. Here biconcave polystyrene (PS) discs to present a shape self‐recognition route are used, which can control both the position and orientation of particles during self‐assembly by directional colloidal forces. An unusual but very challenging two‐dimensional (2D) open superstructure—tetratic crystal (TC)—is achieved. The optical properties of the 2D TCs are studied by the finite difference time domain method, showing that the PS/Ag binary TC can be used to modulate the polarization state of the incident light, for example, converting the linearly polarized light into left‐handed or right‐handed circularly polarized light. This work paves an important way for self‐assembling many unprecedented crystalline materials.
The Role of Interfacial Water in CO2 Electrolysis over Ni‐N‐C Catalyst in a Membrane Electrode Assembly Electrolyzer
Authors: Wei Pengfei , Li Hefei , Li Rongtan , Wang Yi , Liu Tianfu , Cai Rui , Gao Dunfeng , Wang Guoxiong , Bao Xinhe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCO2 electrolysis is a promising route for achieving net‐zero emission through decarbonization. To realize CO2 electrolysis toward practical application, beyond catalyst structures, it is also critical to rationally manipulate catalyst microenvironments such as the water at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Here, the role of interfacial water in CO2 electrolysis over Ni‐N‐C catalyst modified with different polymers is investigated. Benefiting from a hydrophilic electrode/electrolyte interface, the Ni‐N‐C catalyst modified with quaternary ammonia poly(N‐methyl‐piperidine‐co‐p‐terphenyl) shows a Faradaic efficiency of 95% and a partial current density of 665 mA cm−2 for CO production in an alkaline membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer. A scale‐up demonstration using a 100 cm2 electrolyzer achieves a CO production rate of 514 mL min−1 at a current of 80 A. In‐situ microscopy and spectroscopy measurements indicate that the hydrophilic interface significantly promotes the formation of the *COOH intermediate, rationalizing the high CO2 electrolysis performance.
One‐Dimensional Chiral Copper Iodide Chain‐Like Structure Cu4I4(R/S‐3‐quinuclidinol)3 with Near‐Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yield and Efficient Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Chen Jian , Pan Xin , Zhang Xuanyu , Sun Chen , Chen Congcong , Ji Xiaoqin , Chen Rui , Mao Lingling 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChiral organic−inorganic hybrid metal halide materials have shown great potential for circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) related applications for their tunable structures and efficient emissions. Here, this work combines the highly emissive Cu4I4 cubane cluster with chiral organic ligand R/S‐3‐quinuclidinol, to construct a new type of 1D Cu‐I chains, namely Cu4I4(R/S‐3‐quinuclidinol)3, crystallizing in noncentrosymmetric monoclinic P21 space group. These enantiomorphic hybrids exhibit long‐term stability and show bright yellow emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) close to 100%. Due to the successful chirality transfer from the chiral ligands to the inorganic backbone, the enantiomers show intriguing chiroptical properties, such as circular dichroism (CD) and CPL. The CPL dissymmetry factor (glum) is measured to be ≈4 × 10−3. Time‐resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements show long averaged decay lifetime up to 10 µs. The structural details within the Cu4I4 reveal the chiral nature of these basic building units, which are significantly different than in the achiral case. This discovery provides new structural insights for the design of high performance CPL materials and their applications in light emitting devices.
Development of a ZIF‐91‐Porous‐Liquid‐Based Composite Hydrogel Dressing System for Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Weng Puxin , Liu Kun , Yuan Meng , Huang Guo‐Quan , Wu Kun , Yang Xiaofan , Dai Honglian , Lu Weigang , Li Dan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPorous metal–organic framework (MOF) liquids with permanent porosity, good fluidity, and fine dispersion attract broad attention in catalysis, transportation, gas storage, and chemical separations. Yet, the design and synthesis of porous MOF liquids for drug delivery remain less explored. Herein, a simple and general strategy is reported to prepare ZIF‐91 porous liquid (ZIF‐91‐PL) via surface modification and ion exchange. The cationic nature of ZIF‐91‐PL not only renders it antibacterial but also with high curcumin loading capacity and sustained release. More importantly, the acrylate group on the grafted side chain of ZIF‐91‐PL makes it feasible to crosslink with modified gelatin through light curing, and the obtained hydrogel shows a significantly improved healing effect on the wound of diabetes. This work demonstrates for the first time, a MOF‐based porous liquid for drug delivery, and the further fabrication of composite hydrogel may have potential applications in biomedical science.
Moisture‐Enabled Germination of Heat‐Activated Bacillus Endospores for Rapid and Practical Bioelectricity Generation: Toward Portable, Storable Bacteria‐Powered Biobatteries
Authors: Rezaie Maryam , Choi Seokheun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSmall‐scale battery‐like microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a promising alternative power source for future low‐power electronics. Controllable microbial electrocatalytic activity in a miniaturized MFC with unlimited biodegradable energy resources would enable simple power generation in various environmental settings. However, the short shelf‐life of living biocatalysts, few ways to activate the stored biocatalysts, and extremely low electrocatalytic capabilities render the miniature MFCs unsuitable for practical use. Here, heat‐activated Bacillus subtilis spores are revolutionarily used as a dormant biocatalyst that can survive storage and rapidly germinate when exposed to special nutrients that are preloaded in the device. A microporous, graphene hydrogel allows the adsorption of moisture from the air, moves the nutrients to the spores, and triggers their germination for power generation. In particular, forming a CuO–hydrogel anode and an Ag2O–hydrogel cathode promotes superior electrocatalytic activities leading to an exceptionally high electrical performance in the MFC. The battery‐type MFC device is readily activated by moisture harvesting, producing a maximum power density of 0.4 mW cm−2 and a maximum current density of 2.2 mA cm−2. The MFC configuration is readily stackable in series and a three‐MFC pack produces enough power for several low‐power applications, demonstrating its practical feasibility as a sole power source.
Pre‐Induced ICD Membrane‐Coated Carrier‐Free Nanoparticles for the Personalized Lung Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Shilin , Jiang Shasha , Rahman Muhammad Saif Ur , Mei Jie , Wang Xinlian , Jiang Jipeng , Chen Yandong , Xu Shanshan , Liu Ying 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImmunotherapy is a required adjuvant method in lung cancer therapy clinically. The single immune adjuvant failed to show the expected clinical therapeutic efficacy due to its rapid drug metabolism and inability to accumulate in the tumor site efficiently. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a new anti‐tumor strategy combined with immune adjuvants. It can provide tumor‐associated antigens, activate dendritic cells, and attract lymphoid T cells into the tumor microenvironment. Here doxorubicin‐induced tumor membrane‐coated iron (II)‐cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine nanoparticles (DM@NPs) are shown for efficient co‐delivery of tumor‐associated antigens and adjuvant. Higher expression of ICD‐related membrane proteins on the surface of the DM@NPs leads to the enhanced uptake of DM@NPs by dendritic cells (DCs), thereby promoting the DCs maturation and pro‐inflammatory cytokines release. DM@NPs can remarkably increase the T cell infiltrations, remodel the tumor immune microenvironment and inhibit tumor progression in vivo. These findings reveal that pre‐induced ICD tumor cell membrane‐encapsulated nanoparticles can enhance immunotherapy responses and provide an effective biomimetic nanomaterial‐based therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.
Integration of Self‐Passivated Topological Electrodes for Advanced 2D Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Huang Zihao , Luo Zhongtong , Deng Ziwen , Yang Mengmeng , Gao Wei , Yao Jiandong , Zhao Yu , Dong Huafeng , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Li Jingbo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of two‐dimensional semiconductor technology, the inevitable chemical disorder at a typical metal–semiconductor interface has become an increasingly serious problem that degrades the performance of 2D semiconductor optoelectronic devices. Herein, defect‐free van der Waals contacts have been achieved by utilizing topological Bi2Se3 as the electrodes. Such clean and atomically sharp contacts avoid the consumption of photogenerated carriers at the interface, enabling a markedly boosted sensitivity as compared to counterpart devices with directly deposited metal electrodes. Typically, the device with 2D WSe2 channel realizes a high responsivity of 20.5 A W−1, an excellent detectivity of 2.18 × 1012 Jones, and a fast rise/decay time of 41.66/38.81 ms. Furthermore, high‐resolution visible‐light imaging capability of the WSe2 device is demonstrated, indicating its promising application prospect in future optoelectronic systems. More inspiringly, the topological electrodes are universally applicable to other 2D semiconductor channels, including WS2 and InSe, suggesting its broad applicability. These results open fascinating opportunities for the development of high‐performance electronics and optoelectronics.
Near‐Infrared Trapping by Surface Plasmons in Randomized Platinum–Ceramic Metamaterial for Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Yang Zesheng , Huang Muzhang , Yang Ronggui , Sun Jingbo , Zhang Xuefei , Pan Wei , Wan Chunlei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs the operation temperature of next generation gas turbine is targeted to be 1800 °C toward a higher efficiency and lower carbon emission, the near‐infrared (NIR) thermal radiation becomes a major concern for the durability of the metallic turbine blades. Although thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are applied to provide thermal insulations, they are translucent to the NIR radiation. It is a major challenge for TBCs to achieve optically thick with limited physical thickness (usually < 1 mm) for effectively shielding the NIR radiation damage. Here, an NIR metamaterial is reported, where a Gd2Zr2O7 ceramic matrix is randomly dispersed with microscale Pt (0.53 vol%) nanoparticles with a size of 100–500 nm. Attenuated by the Gd2Zr2O7 matrix, a broadband NIR extinction is achieved through the red‐shifted plasmon resonance frequencies and higher‐order multipole resonances of the Pt nanoparticles. A very high absorption coefficient of ≈3 × 104 m−1, approaching the Rosseland diffusion limit for a typical coating thickness, minimizes the radiative thermal conductivity to ≈10−2 W m−1 K−1 and successfully shields the radiative heat transfer. This work suggests that constructing a conductor/ceramic metamaterial with tunable plasmonics could be a strategy to shield NIR thermal radiation for high temperature applications.
New observing strategies testbed: A digital prototyping platform for distributed space missions
Authors: Chell Brian , LeVine Matthew J. , Capra Leigha , Sellers Jerry J. , Grogan Paul T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe New Observing Strategies Testbed (NOS‐T) is a digital engineering environment for enabling distributed space mission (DSM) technology demonstrations. Its event‐driven architecture enables users to orchestrate DSM test campaigns by developing applications that communicate state changes via messages. NOS‐T is motivated by requirements such as geographical distribution, cross‐boundary participation, wide applicability, and usability that make it unique in this field. This article introduces NOS‐T and describes its architecture in the context of an example DSM test suite, FireSat+. The scalability of NOS‐T is demonstrated with a performance assessment of its capabilities under a stress test of high message frequency and payload size, which are both related to the complexity of potential user‐generated test cases. Results show that message periodicity has no significant effect on median delay time over the ranges sampled; however, the message payload size induces linear growth in median delay time of approximately 1.5 ms per kB. Future NOS‐T applications can adjust the execution time scaling factor and message payload size to match operational constraints on allowable delay.
Toward decolonizingSTEM: Centering place and sense of place forcommunity‐based problem‐solving
Authors: O'Neill Tara , Finau‐Faumuina Bella Melenaite , Ford Tessie Uʻilani Lumabao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGiven the growing global environmental threats, shifts to increasingly binary thinking that isolate and polarize discourse, and the erosion of caring for each other and our places, the authors believe it is imperative that we change the way science and science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) education connect with communities and are taught in school. As part of the larger study, this paper explores how the integration of STEMS2Pedagogy with community based problem solving (re)shapes two case‐study teachers' learning environments and serves as a tool to facilitate decolonizing STEM education by addressing the research question. Research question: How does the integration of community‐based problem‐solving and STEMS2Pedagogy impact how the case study teachers think about STEM education and the design of STEM curriculum? Drawing from longitudinal critical ethnographic case studies and Hawaiian hermeneutics frameworks, two public school educators (co‐authors), we collected data between Fall 2017 to Fall 2021. The inductive analysis process described above resulted in two key claims: (1) Grounding STEM instruction in place strengthens sense of place and kuleana, and (2) Strengthening one's sense ofkuleanachanges the measure of success.
Colorectal polyps: Targets for fluorescence‐guided endoscopy to detect high‐grade dysplasia and T1 colorectal cancer
Authors: Dekkers Nik , Zonoobi Elham , Dang Hao , Warmerdam Mats I. , Crobach Stijn , Langers Alexandra M. J. , van der Kraan Jolein , Hilling Denise E. , Peeters Koen C. M. J. , Holman Fabian A. , Vahrmeijer Alexander L. , Sier Cornelis F. M. , Hardwick James C. H. , Boonstra Jurjen J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundDifferentiating high‐grade dysplasia (HGD) and T1 colorectal cancer (T1CRC) from low‐grade dysplasia (LGD) in colorectal polyps can be challenging. Incorrect recognition of HGD or T1CRC foci can lead to a need for additional treatment after local resection, which might not have been necessary if it was recognized correctly. Tumor‐targeted fluorescence‐guided endoscopy might help to improve recognition.ObjectiveSelecting the most suitable HGD and T1CRC‐specific imaging target from a panel of well‐established biomarkers: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), c‐mesenchymal‐epithelial transition factor (c‐MET), epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), folate receptor alpha (FRα), and integrin alpha‐v beta‐6 (αvβ6).MethodsEn bloc resection specimens of colorectal polyps harboring HGD or T1CRC were selected. Immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections was used to determine the biomarker expression in normal epithelium, LGD, HGD, and T1CRC (scores of 0–12). The differential expression in HGD‐T1CRC components compared to surrounding LGD and normal components was assessed, just as the sensitivity and specificity of each marker.Results60 specimens were included (21 HGD, 39 T1CRC). Positive expression (score >1) of HGD‐T1CRC components was found in 73.3%, 78.3%, and 100% of cases for CEA, c‐MET, and EpCAM, respectively, and in <40% for FRα and αvβ6. Negative expression (score 0–1) of the LGD component occurred more frequently for CEA (66.1%) than c‐MET (31.6%) and EpCAM (0%). The differential expression in the HGD‐T1CRC component compared to the surrounding LGD component was found for CEA in 66.7%, for c‐MET in 43.1%, for EpCAM in 17.2%, for FRα in 22.4%, and for αvβ6 in 15.5% of the cases. Moreover, CEA showed the highest combined sensitivity (65.0%) and specificity (75.0%) for the detection of an HGD‐T1CRC component in colorectal polyps.ConclusionOf the tested targets, CEA appears the most suitable to specifically detect HGD and T1 cancer foci in colorectal polyps. An in vivo study using tumor‐targeted fluorescence‐guided endoscopy should confirm these findings.
Country Demographics
Authors: Niohuru Ilha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBeing the youngest and the fastest growing population, Africa is facing an increasing financial burden on healthcare and education expenditure. This chapter investigates the population, population growth, population density, urbanization rate, life expectancy, median age, fertility rate, gender equality, and economy of the eight sampled countries (Algeria, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, and Tunisia). The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of factors that contribute to the financial burden while influencing patients’ decisions relating to healthcare, and the performance of the healthcare system. Poverty and gender inequality in Africa negatively affect the education level, which as a result influences the healthcare system, as it constructs an obstacle for the healthcare workers to provide information to the patients, and for the patient to access preventative and medical treatments. This chapter focuses on education and gender equality in education. It investigates the school enrollment rate, drop-out age, literacy rate, and government expenditure on education.
Disease Burden and Mortality
Authors: Niohuru Ilha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the past years, infectious diseases have been major concern in Africa. However the attention now is slowly shifting toward non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which are on the rise in many parts of Africa due to pollution, Westernized diets, reduced physical activity levels, urbanization, and increased tobacco and alcohol consumption, to name a few. These increases are expected as a country develops. This chapter reviews the change in the death rate, incident rate, and prevalence in the past decade in both infectious disease and NCDs, as well as the key factors that possess an impact on the disease burden.
Health Resources
Authors: Niohuru Ilha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHealth resources (hospitals, doctors nurses, and other health professionals) are in noticeable scarcity in African countries. Even in urban areas and major cities, where the health resources are mostly concentrated, the doctor-to-patient, nurse-to-patient, and hospital-to-patient ratios do not meet the WHO standard. This chapter aims at investigating this phenomenon, as well as the reasons behind it, such as the lack of medical students, brain drain in the health professions, and the lack of resources to support people receiving higher education.
Healthcare Affordability
Authors: Niohuru Ilha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe cost of healthcare is an enormous financial burden for the government, families, and individuals. When talking about paying medical bills, the common financial resource includes personal income and savings, as well as support from the government. Therefore, this chapter investigates insurance coverage, government expenditure on healthcare, and individual affordability, aiming at understanding the financial burden that the patient may bear when seeking medical services. Among the studied countries, only Algeria managed to provide free healthcare through insurance. The other countries tend to have a complete insurance scheme and have the choice of enrolling in private and public insurance. However, issues like public insurance are often underfunded, the claims take too long to process and the insurance is not reinforced, leaving the patients any choice but to cover the medical bills out-of-pocket upfront. Therefore, individual affordability becomes crucial when people make medical decisions. Thus, in the investigation, individual affordability is further broken down into the cost of a single hospital visit and hospitalization, the average income, and the poverty in the country, trying to understand to what extent a patient is likely to have the financial ability to cover the bills.
Social Media and Technology Use
Authors: Niohuru Ilha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe use of social media is an under-studied topic with huge potential to affect healthcare. It can improve access to healthcare by minimizing the need to travel a long distance for costly hospital visits. This chapter reviews the coverage of mobile phones, the internet, the use of social media, and the opportunities, such as virtual meetings and online information portals, it may provide to the healthcare system in the future.
FCNC B and K meson decays with light bosonic Dark Matter
Authors: He Xiao-Gang , Ma Xiao-Dong , Valencia German 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We consider decays of B and K mesons into a pseudo-scalar or vector meson plus missing energy. Within the SM, these modes originate from flavor changing neutral current (FCNC) processes with two neutrinos in the final state. In this paper we consider the experimental upper bounds on these modes and interpret the difference between these bounds and the SM prediction as a window into new light invisible particles. In particular we consider the case where some new symmetry requires the new particles to be produced in pairs. We first construct the general low energy effective Lagrangian coupling an FCNC with two dark sector particles of spin zero, one-half and one. We then present numerical estimates for the constraints that can be placed on these interactions, finding that an effective new physics scale from $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10)-$$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1011) GeV can be probed, with the exact value strongly depending on the interaction structure as well as the mass of the invisible particle. For "Image missing" we incorporate into our constraints the effect of using only the signal regions of NA62, and for "Image missing" the q2-dependent efficiency of Belle II.
Dark Matter from freeze-in and its inhomogeneities
Authors: Strumia Alessandro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We consider generic freeze-in processes for generation of Dark Matter, together with the consequent re-thermalization of the Standard Model fluid. We find that Dark Matter inherits the Standard Model adiabatic inhomogeneities on the cosmological scales probed by current observations, that were super-horizon during freeze-in. Thereby, freeze-in satisfies the bounds on iso-curvature perturbations.
Axion couplings in gauged U(1)′ extensions of the Standard Model
Authors: Kivel Alexey , Laux Julien , Yu Felix 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We explore the effective theory of an axion in a gauged baryon number symmetry extension of the Standard Model (SM), where the axion is realized from a Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky (DFSZ) model construction. Integrating out the anomalons realizes a pattern of effective Wilson coefficients reflecting the factorization between the anomalous Peccei-Quinn and gauged baryon number symmetries. We construct and analyze the chiral transformation invariance of the axion effective theory, accounting for possible flavor-violating axion couplings. We calculate and study the unique phenomenology of the axion and Z′ boson, and we present the current collider limits on these particles in the $$ \left\{{m}_{Z^{\prime }},{g}_B\right\} $$

m

Z
′

g
B

, {ma, Gaγγ}, and $$ \left\{{m}_a,{f}_a^{-1}\right\} $$

m
a

f
a

−
1

planes.