bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The intracortical myelin content of impulsive choices: results from T1- and T2-weighted MRI myelin mapping
Authors: Guo Yiqun , Dong Debo , Wu Huimin , Xue Zhiyuan , Zhou Feng , Zhao Le , Li Zhangyong , Feng Tingyong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDelay discounting (DD) refers to a phenomenon that humans tend to choose small-sooner over large-later rewards during intertemporal choices. Steep discounting of delayed outcome is related to a variety of maladaptive behaviors and is considered as a transdiagnostic process across psychiatric disorders. Previous studies have investigated the association between brain structure (e.g. gray matter volume) and DD; however, it is unclear whether the intracortical myelin (ICM) influences DD. Here, based on a sample of 951 healthy young adults drawn from the Human Connectome Project, we examined the relationship between ICM, which was measured by the contrast of T1w and T2w images, and DD and further tested whether the identified associations were mediated by the regional homogeneity (ReHo) of brain spontaneous activity. Vertex-wise regression analyses revealed that steeper DD was significantly associated with lower ICM in the left temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and right middle-posterior cingulate cortex. Region-of-interest analysis revealed that the ReHo values in the left TPJ partially mediated the association of its myelin content with DD. Our findings provide the first evidence that cortical myelination is linked with individual differences in decision impulsivity and suggest that the myelin content affects cognitive performances partially through altered local brain synchrony.
General deficits of attentional inhibition in high trait anxiety: ERP evidence
Authors: Hu Liping , Tang Hongsi , Huang Yan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBehavioral evidence shows that individuals with high trait anxiety tend to be distracted by irrelevant stimulation not only for threat-related stimuli but also for non-emotional neutral stimuli. These findings suggest that there may be a general deficit of attentional control in trait anxiety. However, the neural mechanism underlying the anxiety-related deficit in attentional control, especially inhibition function, is still unclear. Here, we examined the attentional processing of the non-emotional neutral distractor on 66 young adults with different levels of trait anxiety, using the ERP indices of attentional selection (N2pc) and top–down inhibition (Pd) in a search task with geometric stimuli. We found that the distractor-evoked N2pc amplitude did not vary with anxiety levels, but increased anxiety was associated with smaller Pds (i.e. worse inhibition). Besides, delayed attentional selection of targets was associated with higher anxiety levels. These correlations of trait anxiety remained significant even after controlling for state anxiety, and state anxiety did not affect the attentional processing of distractors and targets, suggesting that trait anxiety, not current anxiety, affects attentional function. Our findings clarify the mechanism underlying the general attentional deficits in trait anxiety, e.g. reduced distractor inhibition and delayed target selection.
Thorstein Veblen on the cultural and economic significance of modern sports
Authors: Petach Luke , Raines J Patrick 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper adopts an evolutionary institutionalist approach to explain the persistent popularity of sports in the USA. Veblen’s writing in Theory of the Leisure Class suggests two cultural and economic functions of modern sports: as a mode of preservation of leisure class values and as a means of conspicuous waste. Our analysis emphasises the role of sports as an institution for the preservation of leisure class values in general, and what Veblen terms ‘predatory prowess’ in particular. We identify several contemporary examples of Veblenian cultural traits that explain the affinity for sports in America and illustrate the continued applicability of Veblen’s analysis. Finally, we offer support for the Veblenian view by expanding the scope of our argument to the broader evolutionary institutionalist literature.
Twenty-One Flavors of Type 1 Innate Lymphoid Cells with PD-1 (Programmed Cell Death-1 Receptor) Sprinkles
Authors: Smith Katie J , Sciumè Giuseppe , Amarnath Shoba 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are tissue-resident immune cells that have been recently implicated in initiating and driving anti-tumor responses. ILCs are classified into three main groups, namely type 1 ILCs (ILC1), type 2 ILCs, and type 3 ILCs. All three groups have been implicated in either eliciting pro or anti-tumor immune responses in different cancer subtypes with the consensus that ILCs cannot be overlooked within the field of anti-tumor immune responses. In this review, we will specifically expand on the knowledge on ILC1, their characterization, function, and plasticity in anti-cancer immune responses. Within this premise, we will discuss caveats of ILC1 characterization, and expand on the expression and function of immune checkpoint receptors within ILC1 subsets, specifically focusing on the role of programmed cell death-1 receptor in controlling specific ILC1 responses. We summarize that ILC1s are a vital component in initiating anti-tumor responses and can be boosted by checkpoint receptors.
Accuracy of continuous photoplethysmography-based 1 min mean heart rate assessment during atrial fibrillation
Authors: Hermans Astrid N L , Isaksen* Jonas L , Gawalko Monika , Pluymaekers Nikki A H A , van der Velden Rachel M J , Snippe Hilco , Evens Stijn , De Witte Glenn , Luermans Justin G L M , Manninger Martin , Lumens Joost , Kanters Jørgen K , Linz Dominik 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsAlthough mobile health tools using photoplethysmography (PPG) technology have been validated for the detection of atrial fibrillation (AF), their utility for heart rate assessment during AF remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the accuracy of continuous PPG-based 1 min mean heart rate assessment during AF.Methods and resultsPersistent AF patients were provided with Holter electrocardiography (ECG) (for ≥24 h) simultaneously with a PPG-equipped smartwatch. Both the PPG-based smartwatch and Holter ECG automatically and continuously monitored patients’ heart rate/rhythm. ECG and PPG recordings were synchronized and divided into 1 min segments, from which a PPG-based and an ECG-based average heart rate estimation were extracted. In total, 47 661 simultaneous ECG and PPG 1 min heart rate segments were analysed in 50 patients (34% women, age 73 ± 8 years). The agreement between ECG-determined and PPG-determined 1 min mean heart rate was high [root mean squared error (RMSE): 4.7 bpm]. The 1 min mean heart rate estimated using PPG was accurate within ±10% in 93.7% of the corresponding ECG-derived 1 min mean heart rate segments. PPG-based 1 min mean heart rate estimation was more often accurate during night-time (97%) than day-time (91%, P &lt; 0.001) and during low levels (96%) compared to high levels of motion (92%, P &lt; 0.001). A neural network with a 10 min history of the recording did not further improve the PPG-based 1 min mean heart rate assessment [RMSE: 4.4 (95% confidence interval: 3.5–5.2 bpm)]. Only chronic heart failure was associated with a lower agreement between ECG-derived and PPG-derived 1 min mean heart rates (P = 0.040).ConclusionDuring persistent AF, continuous PPG-based 1 min mean heart rate assessment is feasible in 60% of the analysed period and shows high accuracy compared with Holter ECG for heart rates &lt;110 bpm.
Mycobacterium tuberculosisinfection triggers epigenetic changes that are enriched in a type I IFN signature
Authors: Madden Katrina , El Hamra Rayan , Berton Stefania , Felker Jake , Alvarez Gonzalo G , Blais Alexandre , Sun Jim 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTuberculosis, a deadly infectious lung disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains the leading cause of bacterial disease-related deaths worldwide. Mtb reprograms and disables key antibacterial response pathways, many of which are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms that control the accessibility of chromatin to the transcriptional machinery. Recent reports suggest that host phosphatases, such as PPM1A, contribute to regulating chromatin accessibility during bacterial infections. However, changes in genome-wide chromatin accessibility during Mtb infection and whether PPM1A plays a role in this process remains unknown. Herein, we use combinatorial chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq) and transcriptomic (RNA-seq) profiling of wild-type, PPM1A knockout and PPM1A overexpressing macrophages to demonstrate that Mtb infection induces global chromatin remodelling consistent with changes in gene expression. The strongest concordant changes to chromatin accessibility and gene expression triggered by Mtb infection were enriched for genes involved in type I interferon (IFN) signalling pathways. A panel of 15 genes with the strongest concordant changes in chromatin accessibility and gene expression were validated to be significantly upregulated in Mtb-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages. PPM1A expression affects chromatin accessibility profiles during Mtb infection that are reflected in the total number, chromosome location, and directionality of change. Transcription factor binding motif analysis revealed enrichment for transcription factors involved in the type I IFN pathway during Mtb infection, including members of the IRF, MEF2, and AP-1 families. Our study shows that altered type I IFN responses in Mtb-infected macrophages occur due to genome-wide changes in chromatin accessibility, and that PPM1A could influence a subset of these signatures.
Spatial heterogeneity for APRIL production by eosinophils in the small intestine
Authors: Sturm Nathalie , Roger-Margueritat Morgane , Pierrel Fabien , Lehours Philippe , Genevay Muriel , Huard Bertrand 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEosinophils may reside in the lower intestine to play several homeostatic functions. Regulation of IgA+ plasma-cell (PC) homeostasis is one of these functions. Here, we assessed regulation of expression for a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), a key factor from the TNF superfamily for PC homeostasis, in eosinophils from the lower intestine. We observed a strong heterogeneity, since duodenum eosinophils did not produce APRIL at all, whereas a large majority of eosinophils from the ileum and right colon produced it. This was evidenced both in the human and mouse adult systems. At these places, the human data showed that eosinophils were the only cellular sources of APRIL. The number of IgA+ PCs did not vary along the lower intestine, but ileum and right colon IgA+ PC steady-state numbers significantly diminished in APRIL-deficient mice. Use of blood cells from healthy donors demonstrated that APRIL expression in eosinophils is inducible by bacterial products. Use of germ-free and antibiotics-treated mice confirmed the dependency on bacteria for APRIL production by eosinophils from the lower intestine. Taken together, our study shows that APRIL expression by eosinophils is spatially regulated in the lower intestine with a consequence on the APRIL dependency for IgA+ PC homeostasis.
Arabidopsis translation factor eEF1Bγ impacts plant development and is associated with heat-induced cytoplasmic foci
Authors: Lohmann Julia , de Luxán-Hernández Cloe , Gao Yang , Zoschke Reimo , Weingartner Magdalena 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The important role of translational control for maintenance of proteostasis is well documented in plants, but the exact mechanisms that coordinate translation rates during plant development and stress response are not well understood. In Arabidopsis, the translation elongation complex eEF1B consists of three subunits: eEF1Bα, eEF1Bβ, and eEF1Bγ. While eEF1Bα and eEF1Bβ have a conserved GDP/GTP exchange function, the function of eEF1Bγ is still unknown. By generating Arabidopsis mutants with strongly reduced eEF1Bγ levels, we revealed its essential role during plant growth and development and analysed its impact on translation. To explore the function of the eEF1B subunits under high temperature stress, we analysed their dynamic localization as green fluorescent protein fusions under control and heat stress conditions. Each of these fusion proteins accumulated in heat-induced cytoplasmic foci and co-localized with the stress granule marker poly(A)-binding protein 8–mCherry. Protein–protein interaction studies and co-expression analyses indicated that eEF1Bβ physically interacted with both of the other subunits and promoted their recruitment to cytoplasmic foci. These data provide new insights into the mechanisms allowing for rapid adaptation of translation rates during heat stress response.
Toxicity of the Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol on Early Cleavage of Mouse Embryos by Fluorescence Intensity Analysis
Authors: Liao Bi-Yun , Hu Lin-Lin , Li Hong-Ge , Xu Yi , Sun Shao-Chen , Wang Jun-Li 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDeoxynivalenol is a mycotoxin, produced by Fusarium from contaminated corn, wheat, and other grains, that induces multiple effects in humans and animals, including cytotoxic, genotoxic, immunotoxic, and carcinogenic effects. Recent studies show that deoxynivalenol also affects the reproductive system of mammals, including oocyte quality. However, the effects of deoxynivalenol on early embryonic development have not been reported. In this study, fluorescence intensity analysis was used to show that deoxynivalenol disrupted the first cleavage of the zygote. The high deoxynivalenol dose disturbed the movement of the pronucleus after fertilization, while the low deoxynivalenol dose caused aberrant spindle morphology during the metaphase of the first cleavage. Further analysis showed that the reactive oxygen species level increased in the deoxynivalenol-exposed two-cell embryos, indicating oxidative stress. Moreover, deoxynivalenol caused DNA damage in the embryos, as positive γH2A.X signals were detected in the nucleus. These events led to the early apoptosis of mouse embryos, which was confirmed by autophagy. Taken together, our study provides evidence for the toxicity of deoxynivalenol during early embryonic development in the mouse model.
Survey for Distant Solar Twins (SDST) – III. Identification of new solar twin and solar analogue stars
Authors: Lehmann Christian , Murphy Michael T , Liu(刘凡) Fan , Flynn Chris , Smith Daniel , Berke Daniel A 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
The Survey for Distant Solar Twins aims to find stars very similar to the Sun at distances of 1–$4\, {\rm kpc}$, several times more distant than any currently known solar twins and analogues. The goal is to identify the best stars with which to test whether the fine-structure constant, α, varies with dark matter density in our Galaxy. Here, we use epic, our line-by-line differential technique, to measure the stellar parameters – effective temperature Teff, surface gravity log g, and metallicity [Fe/H] – from moderate-resolution (R ≲ 32 000) spectra of 877 solar twin and analogue candidates (547 at 1–$4\, {\rm kpc}$) observed with the High Efficiency and Resolution Multi-Element Spectrograph (HERMES) on the Anglo-Australian Telescope. These are consistent with expectations for Teff and log g from photometry, and for [Fe/H] from the Besançon stellar population model. epic provides small enough uncertainties ($\sim 90\, {\rm K}$, $0.08\, {\rm dex}$, and $0.05\, {\rm dex}$, respectively), even at the low signal-to-noise ratios available (${\rm S/N}\gtrsim$ 25 per pixel), to identify 299 new solar analogues ($\ge 90~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ confidence) and 20 solar twins (≥50 per cent confidence), 206 and 12 of which are at 1–$4\, {\rm kpc}$. By extending epic to measure line broadening and lithium abundance from HERMES spectra, and with ages derived from isochrone fitting with our stellar parameters, we identify 174 solar analogues at 1–$4\, {\rm kpc}$ that are relatively inactive, slowly rotating, and with no evidence of spectroscopic binarity. These are the preferred targets for follow-up spectroscopy to measure α.
On the edge: the relation between stellar and dark matter haloes of Milky Way-mass galaxies
Authors: Genina A , Deason A J , Frenk C S 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTWe investigate the build-up of the accreted stellar and dark matter haloes of Milky Way-like galaxies in APOSTLE suite of cosmological hydrodynamics simulations. We show that the stellar halo is made up primarily of stars stripped from a small number of massive dwarfs, most of which are disrupted by the present day. The dark matter halo, on the other hand, is made up primarily of small unresolved subhaloes (≲106 M⊙) and a ‘smooth’ component consisting of particles which were never bound to a subhalo. Despite these differences, the massive dwarfs that make up the majority of the stellar halo also contribute a significant fraction of the dark matter. The stars and dark matter stripped from these dwarfs are related through their kinematics and this leaves imprints in the phase-space structure of the haloes. We examine the relation between the location of features, such as caustics, in the phase space of the stars and dark halo properties. We show that the ‘edge’ of the stellar halo is a probe of dark matter halo mass and assembly history. The edges of Milky Way-mass galaxies should be visible at a surface brightness of 31–36 mag arcsec−2.
A novel approach to detect line emission under high background in high-resolution X-ray spectra
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Algeri Sara , Kashyap Vinay , Karovska Margarita 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We develop a novel statistical approach to identify emission features or set upper limits in high-resolution spectra in the presence of high background. The method relies on detecting differences from the background using smooth tests and using classical likelihood ratio tests to characterize known shapes like emission lines. We perform signal detection or place upper limits on line fluxes while accounting for the problem of multiple comparisons. We illustrate the method by applying it to a Chandra LETGS + HRC-S observation of symbiotic star RT Cru, successfully detecting previously known features like the Fe line emission in the 6–7 keV range and the Iridium-edge due to the mirror coating on Chandra. We search for thermal emission lines from Ne x, Fe xvii, O viii, and O vii, but do not detect them, and place upper limits on their intensities consistent with a ≈1 keV plasma. We serendipitously detect a line at 16.93 Å (0.732 keV) that we attribute to photoionization or a reflection component.
Swarm-intelligence-based extraction and manifold crawling along the Large-Scale Structure
Authors: Awad Petra , Peletier Reynier , Canducci Marco , Smith Rory , Taghribi Abolfazl , Mohammadi Mohammad , Shin Jihye , Tiňo Peter , Bunte Kerstin 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTThe distribution of galaxies and clusters of galaxies on the mega-parsec scale of the Universe follows an intricate pattern now famously known as the Large-Scale Structure or the Cosmic Web. To study the environments of this network, several techniques have been developed that are able to describe its properties and the properties of groups of galaxies as a function of their environment. In this work, we analyse the previously introduced framework: 1-Dimensional Recovery, Extraction, and Analysis of Manifolds (1-dream) on N-body cosmological simulation data of the Cosmic Web. The 1-DREAM toolbox consists of five Machine Learning methods, whose aim is the extraction and modelling of one-dimensional structures in astronomical big data settings. We show that 1-DREAM can be used to extract structures of different density ranges within the Cosmic Web and to create probabilistic models of them. For demonstration, we construct a probabilistic model of an extracted filament and move through the structure to measure properties such as local density and velocity. We also compare our toolbox with a collection of methodologies which trace the Cosmic Web. We show that 1-DREAM is able to split the network into its various environments with results comparable to the state-of-the-art methodologies. A detailed comparison is then made with the public code disperse, in which we find that 1-DREAM is robust against changes in sample size making it suitable for analysing sparse observational data, and finding faint and diffuse manifolds in low-density regions.
A riboswitch separated from its ribosome-binding site still regulates translation
Authors: Schroeder Griffin M , Akinyemi Olayinka , Malik Jeffrey , Focht Caroline M , Pritchett Elizabeth M , Baker Cameron D , McSally James P , Jenkins Jermaine L , Mathews David H , Wedekind Joseph E 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRiboswitches regulate downstream gene expression by binding cellular metabolites. Regulation of translation initiation by riboswitches is posited to occur by metabolite-mediated sequestration of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence (SDS), causing bypass by the ribosome. Recently, we solved a co-crystal structure of a prequeuosine1-sensing riboswitch from Carnobacterium antarcticum that binds two metabolites in a single pocket. The structure revealed that the second nucleotide within the gene-regulatory SDS, G34, engages in a crystal contact, obscuring the molecular basis of gene regulation. Here, we report a co-crystal structure wherein C10 pairs with G34. However, molecular dynamics simulations reveal quick dissolution of the pair, which fails to reform. Functional and chemical probing assays inside live bacterial cells corroborate the dispensability of the C10–G34 pair in gene regulation, leading to the hypothesis that the compact pseudoknot fold is sufficient for translation attenuation. Remarkably, the C. antarcticum aptamer retained significant gene-regulatory activity when uncoupled from the SDS using unstructured spacers up to 10 nucleotides away from the riboswitch—akin to steric-blocking employed by sRNAs. Accordingly, our work reveals that the RNA fold regulates translation without SDS sequestration, expanding known riboswitch-mediated gene-regulatory mechanisms. The results infer that riboswitches exist wherein the SDS is not embedded inside a stable fold.
The political economy of carbon border adjustment in the EU
Authors: Jakob Michael 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The European Commission has proposed a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) to enable ambitious climate policies in EU member states and to incentivize emission reductions in other countries. This paper adopts a dynamic, multilevel, polycentric perspective to discuss how domestic as well as foreign interest groups would be affected by the policy. Our analysis yields three central insights. First, diplomatic efforts should be focused on a small number of countries that would be most severely affected by the CBAM. Second, the CBAM should be implemented as an enabler of domestic mitigation efforts in an open climate alliance instead of an attempt to extend EU climate policy to other countries. Third, gradually phasing in the CBAM while phasing out free emission permits for EU producers and supporting the transformation of carbon-intensive sectors in third countries can ease political opposition from domestic as well as foreign industries.