bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of leaf removal as a source of stresses on grapevine yields, chemical characteristics, and anthocyanin content in the grapevine variety Babica
Authors: Drenjančević Mato , Kujundžić Toni , Jukić Vladimir , Karnaš Maja , Braun Ulrike , Schwander Florian , Teklić Tihana , Rastija Vesna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLeaf removal (LR) treatments improve the photosynthetic capacity of the remaining leaves and induce flavonoid synthesis as a stress response in the common grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). However, excessive exposure of grape berries to UV‐B radiation as a result of cultural practices in the Mediterranean climate may have negative effects on berry composition. This 2‐year study determined the effects of defoliation on the autochthonous red grape variety ‘Babica’ in a Mediterranean climate (wine‐growing region Dalmatia, Croatia). Six leaves were removed before flowering (FLR) and at the end of véraison (the onset of grape ripening; VerLR) and were compared to the untreated control. Yield parameters, sugar content, grape must pH, total polyphenols (TP), total anthocyanin (TA) content, and individual anthocyanin compounds were measured in grape skin extracts and wines. However, the greater mean daily temperature during the vegetation period and lesser rainfall before harvest in 2018 increased yield per vine, average cluster weights, density, and total acidity, compared to 2017. Both defoliation treatments significantly reduced TP in grape extracts, but these differences were not observed in wine. Compared to the control (NLR), VerLR treatment significantly reduced TA in grape skin extracts and wine. Significantly lesser TP concentrations, in grape skin extracts and wine, as well as TA were noticed during the 2017 season. VerLR treatment reduced the concentration of nine individual anthocyanins compared to the control in grape skin extracts, while this effect was not observed in wine. Season year was a statistically significant source of variability of the individual anthocyanin contents in wine. Under specific environmental conditions LR can decrease polyphenols, especially anthocyanins, and negatively impact grape and wine quality.
Effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of behavioural support for prolonged abstinence for smokers wishing to reduce but not quit: Randomised controlled trial of physical activity assisted reduction of smoking (TARS)
Authors: Taylor Adrian H. , Thompson Tom P. , Streeter Adam , Chynoweth Jade , Snowsill Tristan , Ingram Wendy , Ussher Michael , Aveyard Paul , Murray Rachael L. , Harris Tess , Callaghan Lynne , Green Colin , Greaves Colin J. , Price Lisa , Creanor Siobhan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsFor smokers unmotivated to quit, we assessed the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of behavioural support to reduce smoking and increase physical activity on prolonged abstinence and related outcomes.DesignA multi‐centred pragmatic two‐arm parallel randomised controlled trial.SettingPrimary care and the community across four United Kingdom sites.ParticipantsNine hundred and fifteen adult smokers (55% female, 85% White), recruited via primary and secondary care and the community, who wished to reduce their smoking but not quit.InterventionsParticipants were randomised to support as usual (SAU) (n = 458) versus multi‐component community‐based behavioural support (n = 457), involving up to eight weekly person‐centred face‐to‐face or phone sessions with additional 6‐week support for those wishing to quit.MeasurementsIdeally, cessation follows smoking reduction so the primary pre‐defined outcome was biochemically verified 6‐month prolonged abstinence (from 3–9 months, with a secondary endpoint also considering abstinence between 9 and 15 months). Secondary outcomes included biochemically verified 12‐month prolonged abstinence and point prevalent biochemically verified and self‐reported abstinence, quit attempts, number of cigarettes smoked, pharmacological aids used, SF12, EQ‐5D and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at 3 and 9 months. Intervention costs were assessed for a cost‐effectiveness analysis.FindingsAssuming missing data at follow‐up implied continued smoking, nine (2.0%) intervention participants and four (0.9%) SAU participants achieved the primary outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 2.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.70–7.56, P = 0.169). At 3 and 9 months, the proportions self‐reporting reducing cigarettes smoked from baseline by ≥50%, for intervention versus SAU, were 18.9% versus 10.5% (P = 0.009) and 14.4% versus 10% (P = 0.044), respectively. Mean difference in weekly MVPA at 3 months was 81.6 minutes in favour of the intervention group (95% CI = 28.75, 134.47: P = 0.003), but there was no significant difference at 9 months (23.70, 95% CI = −33.07, 80.47: P = 0.143). Changes in MVPA did not mediate changes in smoking outcomes. The intervention cost was £239.18 per person, with no evidence of cost‐effectiveness.ConclusionsFor United Kingdom smokers wanting to reduce but not quit smoking, behavioural support to reduce smoking and increase physical activity improved some short‐term smoking cessation and reduction outcomes and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity, but had no long‐term effects on smoking cessation or physical activity.
Cultures of aged care delivery: Qualitative content analysis of Australia's Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety
Authors: Churruca Kate , Long Janet C. , Ellis Louise A. , Saba Maree , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesOrganisational culture is increasingly recognised as influencing the quality of care provided to patients and residents of aged care, both in research and in policy. For example, investigations into quality and safety issues in health care frequently highlight cultural problems, but often without adequate theorisation of culture. This study aimed at identifying how cultures of care delivery are considered in the final report of the Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety, and its subsequent implications.MethodsA documentary analysis was performed on the five volumes of the final report using qualitative content analysis.ResultsOf 211 references to culture, the majority focussed on organisational culture (n = 155), followed by the sector's culture (n = 26), the culture of the agencies involved in managing aged care (n = 21) and the national culture relating to the treatment of older people (n = 8). These cultures were discussed in five ways: (1) highlighting poor culture as a problem (n = 56); (2) showcasing the style of culture that should be aspired to (n = 45); (3) reinforcing the importance of culture (n = 38); (4) making attributions about factors contributing to culture (n = 33); and (5) discussing the need for culture change (n = 30).ConclusionsThe Royal Commission's findings emphasise the importance of care culture and the need for change but provided limited guidance on how this should be achieved, or culture conceptualised.
Therapeutic effect of human ApoA‐I‐Milano variant in aged transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Solé Montse , Marazuela Paula , Castellote Laura , Bonaterra‐Pastra Anna , Giménez‐Llort Lydia , Hernández‐Guillamon Mar 
Published: March 2023

Background and PurposeTherapies based on apolipoprotein A‐I (ApoA‐I), classically tested for cardiovascular diseases, were recently proposed for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Based on a drug reprofiling approach, our objective was to explore the use of a natural variant of ApoA‐I form, ApoA‐I‐Milano (M), as a treatment for AD. ApoA‐I‐M contains the R173C mutation, and confers protection against atherosclerosis development, although ApoA‐I‐M carriers exhibit low HDL levels.Experimental ApproachMiddle‐aged (12‐month‐old) and aged (21‐month‐old) APP23 mice were intraperitoneally treated for 10 weeks with human recombinant ApoA‐I‐M (hrApoA‐I‐M) protein or saline. Pathology progression through behavioural parameters and biochemical determinations was evaluated.Key ResultsIn middle‐aged group, hrApoA‐I‐M treatment reduced the anxiety behaviour associated with this AD model. In aged mice, hrApoA‐I‐M reversed T‐Maze performance alterations, a cognitive improvement accompanied by neuronal loss recovery in the dentate gyrus. Aged mice treated with hrApoA‐I‐M showed lower brain Aβ40 soluble levels and elevated Aβ40 levels in cerebrospinal fluid, without modifying insoluble brain Aβ burden. Interestingly, hrApoA‐I‐M sub‐chronic treatment induced a molecular effect on the cerebrovasculature, increasing occludin expression and ICAM‐1 presence, as well as promoting an elevation of plasma soluble RAGE in all hrApoA‐I‐M‐treated mice, drastically decreasing the AGEs/sRAGE ratio, a marker of endothelial damage.Conclusion and ImplicationsPeripheral hrApoA‐I‐M treatment shows a beneficial impact on working memory, involving mechanisms related with brain Aβ mobilization and modulation of the levels of cerebrovascular markers. Our study shows the potential therapeutic applicability of a safe and non‐invasive treatment based on peripheral administration of hrApoA‐I‐M in AD.
“Totemic species” can be an effective lens for engaging students with Indigenous knowledge and biodiversity conservation
Authors: Ward Natasha M. , Garrard Georgia , Gregg Emily A. , May Benjamin , Wandin Dave , Harrison Micheal , Pascoe Marnie , McConachie Fiona , Moggridge Bradley , Kusmanoff Alex , Bekessy Sarah A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present the outcomes of a program designed to engage primary school students with both Indigenous knowledge and biodiversity conservation, through the lens of “Totemic” species. The program provided resources for genuine engagement with Traditional Owners, and for the coordinating teachers to dedicate time to curriculum development and delivery. The material was embedded within a cross‐school core curriculum topic (biology), presenting both Indigenous and Western knowledge in parallel. Students' understanding of ecology and conservation increased significantly post‐program, as did their cultural awareness and appreciation of traditional knowledge. Care for the totemic species was also shown to increase and enthusiasm for this approach to teaching science was expressed by students. The co‐benefits of this program include creating habitat for threatened species, improvements in the health and wellbeing of students through engagement with biodiversity and the potential for ecosystem services such as cooling of the school grounds. Effective ways of embedding cultural awareness and Indigenous knowledge into the Australian curriculum are urgently needed and it is our hope that this program provides evidence of effective ways of embedding these knowledges moving forward.
How do patients and staff in an opioid agonist treatment service view smoking cessation medications and e‐cigarettes?
Authors: Lobbe Catherine , Bahnisch Jade , Lin Chenxi , Demirkol Apo , Murnion Bridin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionTobacco use and related mortality is common in people receiving opioid agonist treatment (OAT). Smoking cessation medications are available and e‐cigarettes are increasingly recommended for high risk populations. This study explores experience, knowledge and attitudes around smoking cessation medications (nicotine replacement therapy [NRT], bupropion and varenicline) and e‐cigarettes in patients and clinicians in two public Australian OAT clinics.MethodsCross‐sectional surveys of patients and clinicians and a randomly sampled retrospective medical record review. Patients were recruited through an advertisement in the clinic, and clinicians through advertisement at an educational session.ResultsNinety‐one patients and 10 clinicians completed the surveys. Most patients had at least one quit attempt and 43% were currently trying to quit. There were high levels of exposure to NRT, lower levels with varenicline and very limited exposure to bupropion. Patients considered e‐cigarettes most helpful, but were more likely to consider using NRT. Few patients reported smoking cessation interventions from their clinicians. Most clinicians identified high tobacco use prevalence, considered this problematic, but reported low rates of smoking cessation intervention. NRT was the preferred medication. E‐cigarettes were not considered helpful. Sixty‐six percent of the 140 records reviewed documented patients as smokers. Tobacco cessation medication was rarely discussed or provided.Discussion and ConclusionsPatients report high rates of tobacco cessation planning, but low rates of intervention. Experience of varenicline and bupropion is limited. E‐cigarettes were preferred over varenicline and bupropion. Improving patient's and clinician's knowledge of tobacco cessation medications could improve smoking cessation interventions and uptake of approved medications.
Epidemiological aspects of dental trauma associated with maxillofacial injures: Ten years of clinical experience in Trieste, Italy
Authors: Costantinides Fulvia , Tonizzo Matteo , Dotto Federica , Lenhardt Massimiliano , Borella Alberto , Sclabas Mattia , Rizzo Roberto , Maglione Michele 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground/AimsThe prevalence of dental injuries in patients with facial fractures is relevant. Epidemiologically, dental trauma in association with facial fractures generally affects the age group between 20 and 40 years old, with a higher prevalence in males. The aim of this retrospective study was to identify the incidence and etiology of dental trauma associated with facial fractures over a 10‐year period.MethodsFrom January 2009 to April 2019, among 381 patients with facial fractures, 353 were included in this study. Age, gender, trauma etiology, injured teeth and dental treatment were investigated.ResultsFrom 353 patients, with a mean age of 49.7 ± 19.9 years, 247 (70%) were males and 106 (30%) were females. Accidental falls were the most common type of injury (n = 118, 33.4%), followed by road accidents (n = 90, 25.5%), assaults (n = 60, 17%) and sports trauma (n = 37, 10.5%). Fifty‐five subjects (15.60%) had dental injuries associated with facial fractures. Of the 145 teeth involved, 48 (33.1%) were diagnosed with luxation, 22 teeth (15.2%) were avulsed, 11 teeth (7.5%) suffered a concussion and there were 10 (6.8%) alveolar wall fractures.Uncomplicated enamel‐dentin fracture was the more frequent hard tissue injury (n = 21, 14.5%), followed by complicated crown‐root fracture (n = 10, 6.9%), infraction (n = 8, 5.5%), enamel fracture (n = 3, 2%) and complicated enamel‐dentin fracture (n = 3, 2%). There was a peak in incidence between 21 and 40 years (42%). Males had a significantly higher risk of facial fractures with dental injury (75%). Maxillary incisors and canines (62.8%) were the most affected teeth.ConclusionsThere was a high prevalence of dental injuries associated with facial fractures. Maxillary incisors were the most injured teeth, with a higher prevalence in males.
Frontal theta reveals further information about neural valence‐dependent processing of augmented feedback in extensive motor practice—A secondary analysis
Authors: Margraf Linda , Krause Daniel , Weigelt Matthias 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSupplementing an earlier analysis of event‐related potentials in extensive motor learning (Margraf et al., 2022a, 2022b), frontal theta‐band activity (4–8 Hz) was scrutinized. Thirty‐seven participants learned a sequential arm movement with 192 trials in each of five practice sessions. Feedback, based on a performance adaptive bandwidth, was given after every trial. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in the first and last practice sessions. The degree of motor automatization was tested under dual‐task conditions in a pre‐test–post‐test design. Quantitative error information was transported in both feedback conditions (positive and negative). Frontal theta activity was discussed as a general signal that cognitive control is needed and, therefore, was expected to be higher after negative feedback. Extensive motor practice promotes automatization, and therefore, decreased frontal theta activity was expected in the later practice. Further, it was expected that frontal theta was predictive for subsequent behavioural adaptations and the amount of motor automatization. As the results show, induced frontal theta power was higher after negative feedback and decreased after five sessions of practice. Moreover, induced theta activity was predictive for error correction and, therefore, an indicator of whether the recruited cognitive resources successfully induced behavioural adaptations. It remains to be solved why these effects, which fit well with the theoretical assumptions, were only revealed by the induced part of frontal theta activity. Further, the amount of theta activity during practice was not predictive for the degree of motor automatization. It seems that there might be a dissociation between attentional resources associated with feedback processing and attentional resources associated with motor control.
Schweizer‐Sklar operations based hybrid aggregation operator to dual hesitant q‐rung orthopair fuzzy set and its application on MCGDM
Authors: Gayen Souvik , Sarkar Arun , Biswas Animesh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDual hesitant q‐rung orthopair fuzzy (DHq‐ROF) set appears as a powerful tool in compare to other variants of fuzzy sets to deal with uncertainties associated with available information in various real‐life decision‐making cases. In order to make DHq‐ROF aggregation information process flexible, at first some operations viz., addition, multiplication, scalar multiplication, exponential laws based on Schweizer‐Sklar class of t‐conorms and t‐norms are defined. Subsequently, using these operations, weighted average and geometric operators and ordered weighted average and geometric operators are introduced. But weighted average or geometric operators and ordered weighted average or geometric operators consider only the weight of the opinions and the weight of the ordered position of each given opinion respectively. To resolve weights of the arguments, hybrid aggregation operators viz., DHq‐ROF Schweizer‐Sklar hybrid averaging, DHq‐ROF Schweizer‐Sklar hybrid geometric operators are developed and their properties are discussed. Afterwards, a new method to deal with multicriteria group decision making problems under DHq‐ROF environment is framed. To illustrate the proposed method a decision making problem related to investment company selection is considered and solved. To show the advantages of the proposed study, a comparative analysis among the developed and existing studies is discussed.
RETRACTED: Supply chain risk management of badminton supplies company using decision tree model assisted by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
Authors: Zhang Daolin , Tang Yong , Yan Xianliang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSupply chain risk management is crucial for the management of sports goods companies, which can help enterprises better complete the transparent and efficient management of the whole process from production to sales. However, there are inevitably some potential risks. Thereby, to study the supply chain risk management of badminton supplies companies in the general environment, the supply chain risk evaluation index system of badminton supplies companies is established in this study by studying the connotation of supply chain risk management and combining the steps of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) method. Then, according to these evaluation indexes, the modelling process of the classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm in the corporate overall supply chain risk decision tree is proposed. Moreover, the corporate overall supply chain risk decision tree is established. Moreover, the financial data of 10 A‐share listed companies of badminton and other sports goods listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 2020 are selected as the sample dataset for model training and testing. The potential risks of badminton enterprises are predicted. The results show that the scale of badminton enterprises has been increasing gradually since 2018, but the return on total assets has steadily decreased with the increase of years. It shows that the badminton supplies enterprise's input and output assets are unbalanced, and the overall asset operation effect is relatively poor. However, the growth rate of total assets shows a significant upward trend from 2018 to 2020, rising from 4% to 12.69%. It indicates that the corporate investment and domestic and foreign investment expansion in recent years are high‐speed. The FCE method is employed to obtain the maximum eigenvalue of the enterprise, which is 5.4698. Then, the C.I value is 0.1205, the R.I value is 1.12, and the consistency ratio value is 0.0958 < 0.1, indicating that the judgement matrix is acceptable. It suggests that under the influence of the macro environment and economic situation, the sales situation of the badminton supplies company is subtly affected by the macro environment, and there is a great business risk.
Making protected areas effective for biodiversity, climate and food
Authors: Arneth Almut , Leadley Paul , Claudet Joachim , Coll Marta , Rondinini Carlo , Rounsevell Mark D. A. , Shin Yunne‐Jai , Alexander Peter , Fuchs Richard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe spatial extent of marine and terrestrial protected areas (PAs) was among the most intensely debated issues prior to the decision about the post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Positive impacts of PAs on habitats, species diversity and abundance are well documented. Yet, biodiversity loss continues unabated despite efforts to protect 17% of land and 10% of the oceans by 2020. This casts doubt on whether extending PAs to 30%, the agreed target in the Kunming‐Montreal GBF, will indeed achieve meaningful biodiversity benefits. Critically, the focus on area coverage obscures the importance of PA effectiveness and overlooks concerns about the impact of PAs on other sustainability objectives. We propose a simple means of assessing and visualising the complex relationships between PA area coverage and effectiveness and their effects on biodiversity conservation, nature‐based climate mitigation and food production. Our analysis illustrates how achieving a 30% PA global target could be beneficial for biodiversity and climate. It also highlights important caveats: (i) achieving lofty area coverage objectives alone will be of little benefit without concomitant improvements in effectiveness, (ii) trade‐offs with food production particularly for high levels of coverage and effectiveness are likely and (iii) important differences in terrestrial and marine systems need to be recognized when setting and implementing PA targets. The CBD's call for a significant increase in PA will need to be accompanied by clear PA effectiveness goals to reduce and revert dangerous anthropogenic impacts on socio‐ecological systems and biodiversity.