bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does diabetes mellitus comorbidity increase the risk of drug-induced liver injury during tuberculosis treatment?
Authors: D. Freire Ivanice , L. Fielding Katherine , A. J. Moore David 
Published: May 2023

Background
The growing burden of diabetes worldwide is a threat to tuberculosis (TB) control. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) due to TB drugs is a significant concern and there is currently limited evidence on the effect of diabetes on TB DILI. This study sought to investigate the effect of diabetes as a risk factor for DILI and to further study any potential co-factors.

Methods
An unmatched case-control study. Cases were TB patients on 2RHZE/4RH presenting with DILI from 2013–2017 in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Controls were contemporaneous TB patients without DILI being treated in any one of the same five Porto Alegre TB clinics. The exposure variables were diabetes (main exposure variable), age, sex, alcohol misuse, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C (HCV) and B (HBV) viruses, concomitant hepatotoxic drugs, other liver diseases and TB site. The outcome variable was the occurrence of DILI.

Results
Odds of DILI were increased by: older age group 51–60, 61–70 and 71–93 years (adjusted OR 2.39, 95%CI 1.30–4,38; adjusted OR 4.37, 2.28–8,35; adjusted OR 12.91, 5.81–28,66, respectively), HIV positive status (adjusted OR 3.59, 95%CI 2.25–5.73), HCV positive status (adjusted OR 3.49, 95%CI 1.96–6.21) and having concurrent pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB (adjusted OR 3.16, 95%CI 1.93–5.19). Diabetes, gender, and other hepatotoxic drugs were not associated with DILI.

Conclusions
This study confirms the association between TB DILI and well-known risk factors but did not demonstrate increased odds of TB DILI in patients with diabetes.
Trends in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal achievement and changes in lipid-lowering therapy after incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Danish cohort study
Authors: Ersbøll Annette Kjær , Kristensen Marie Skov , Nybo Mads , Hede Simone Møller , Mikkelsen Kristian Handberg , Gislason Gunnar , Lytken Larsen Mogens , Green Anders 
Published: May 2023

Background
We aimed to investigate trends in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal achievement (LDL-C<1.8 mmol/L, equivalent to 70 mg/dL), initiation of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) and changes in LLT intensity in individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) at very high risk of recurrent cardiovascular disease.

Methods
A cohort study design was used including individuals with incident ASCVD and LDL-C≥1.8 mmol/L in 2010–2015. Data were obtained from national, population-based registers (patient, prescription, income, and laboratory).

Results
We included 11,997 individuals. Acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and stable angina pectoris accounted for 79.6% of the qualifying ASCVD events. At inclusion, 37.2% were in LLT. Mean LDL-C before or during ASCVD hospitalization was 3.1 mmol/L (120 mg/dL). LDL-C goal achievement increased within the first two years after inclusion from 40.5% to 50.6%. LLT initiation within the first 90 days increased from 48.6% to 56.0%. Initiation of intensive LLT increased from 9.6% to 32.8%. The largest change in LLT intensity was seen in the period 180 days before to 90 days after discharge with 2.2% in 2010 to 12.1% in 2015.

Conclusion
LDL-C goal achievement within the first 2 years after inclusion increased from 40.5% in 2010 to 50.6% in 2015. LLT initiation within the first year after inclusion increased, especially for intensive LLT, although only one third initiated intensive LLT in 2015. Despite trends show improvements in LDL-C goal achievement, 49.4% of individuals at very high risk of a CV event did not achieve the LDL-C goal within 2 years after ASCVD hospitalization.
IL-6-DEPENDENT STAT3 ACTIVATION AND INDUCTION OF PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS
Authors: Dold Leona , Frank Leonie , Lutz Philipp , Kaczmarek Dominik J. , Krämer Benjamin , Nattermann Jacob , Weismüller Tobias J. , Branchi Vittorio , Toma Marieta , Gonzalez-Carmona Maria , Strassburg Christian P. , Spengler Ulrich , Langhans Bettina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare cholestatic liver disease with periductal inflammation and fibrosis. Genetic studies suggest inflammatory cytokines and IL-6-dependent activation of transcription factor STAT3 as pivotal steps in PSC pathogenesis. However, details of inflammatory regulation remain unclear. Methods: We recruited 50 PSC-patients (36 with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), 14 without IBD), 12 patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and 36 healthy controls to measure cytokines in serum, bile, and immune cell supernatant using bead-based immunoassays as well as flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry to analyze phosphorylation of STATs in immune cells. Finally, we analyzed cytokines and STAT3 phosphorylation of T cells in the presence of JAK1/2 inhibitors. Results: In PSC IL-6 specifically triggered phosphorylation of STAT3 in CD4+ T cells and lead to enhanced production of interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-17A. Phospho-STAT3-positive CD4+ T cells correlated with systemic inflammation (CRP serum levels). Combination of immunohistology and flow cytometry indicated that phospho-STAT3-positive cells were enriched in the peribiliary liver stroma and represented CD4+ T cells with prominent production of IFN-gamma and IL-17A. JAK1/2 inhibitors blocked STAT3 phosphorylation and production of IFN-gamma and IL-6, whereas IL-17A was apparently resistant to this inhibition. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate systemic and local activation of the IL-6/STAT3-pathway in PSC. Resistance of IL-17A to STAT3-targeted inhibition points to a more complex immune dysregulation beyond STAT3 activation.
Kuznetsov’s Fano threefold conjecture via K3 categories and enhanced group actions
Authors: Bayer Arend , Perry Alexander 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We settle the last open case of Kuznetsov’s conjecture on the derived categories of Fano threefolds.
Contrary to the original conjecture, we prove the Kuznetsov components of quartic double solids and Gushel–Mukai threefolds are never equivalent,
as recently shown independently by Zhang.
On the other hand, we prove the modified conjecture asserting their deformation equivalence.
Our proof of nonequivalence combines a categorical Enriques-K3
correspondence with the Hodge theory of categories.
Along the way, we obtain a categorical description of the periods of Gushel–Mukai varieties,
which we use to resolve a conjecture of Kuznetsov and the second author on the birational categorical Torelli problem,
as well as to give a simple proof of a theorem of Debarre and Kuznetsov on the fibers of the period map.
Our proof of deformation equivalence relies on results of independent interest about obstructions to enhancing group actions on categories.
Mechanistic role and potential of Ayurvedic herbs as anti-aging therapies
Authors: Raina Kirti , Kumari Ruchika , Thakur Palak , Sharma Rohit , Singh Randeep , Thakur Abhinay , Anand Vikas , Sharma Rohit , Chaudhary Ashun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Medicinal plants and herbs are the most important part of the Ayurveda. The term Rasayana in Charaka Samhita confers long life, youthfulness, strong body, freedom from diseases and the plants mentioned in Rsayana possess antiaging property. Aging is the collective term used for the complex detrimental physiological changes that reduce the functional ability of the cell. Oxidative stress, telomeres shortening, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction are the main factors that regulate the aging process. Chronological aging is an irreversible process but the factors causing biological aging can be controlled. Ayurvedic herbs are better for the management of age-related problems. There are several natural bioactive agents present in plants that can delay the aging process in humans. They trigger actions like enhancing gene longevity and telomerase activity, ROS scavenging furthermore regeneration of tissues.

Content
The plants mentioned in the Rasayana of Ayurveda have antiaging potential and can be used to solve modern problems related to aging. Some Ayurvedic plants and their antiaging potential has explained in this review. The main causes of aging, medicinal plants and their use as potential antiaging mediator are covered in this study.

Summary
The process of aging is still an enigma. It is a complex, irretrievable, dynamic process that involves a number of factors and is subject to a number of environmental and genetic influences. Rasayana aspect has not been much investigated in clinical trials. Aging is considered to result from free radical damage. According to Charaka, Rasayana drugs open the partially or fully blocked channels. Many Rasayanas show free radical scavenging activity and has the potential to mitigate the effects of aging. It gives an overview of the significance of Ayurvedic medicinal plants as a source of inspiration and the use of these plants as remedies for antiaging.

Outlook
This study briefly outlooks the causes of aging and how medicinal plants can be used to reverse the aging process. In this study, we discussed the antiaging potential and mechanistic roles of Ayurvedic herbs. These herbs have the properties to slow down the natural process of aging and can successfully manage common age-related problems.
Non-weight modules over N = 1 Lie superalgebras of Block type
Authors: Xie Qiang , Sun Jiancai 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a class of non-weight modules over

N
=
1

{N=1}

Lie superalgebras of Block type (without center) is studied. These modules over Ramond algebras of Block type are free of rank 1 when restricted to the universal enveloping algebra of the Cartan subalgebra, while such modules are free of rank 2 over the Neveu–Schwarz algebras of Block type. We present the classification of these modules. Furthermore, the simplicity of these modules is determined.
Finite-dimensional algebras not arising as blocks of group algebras
Authors: Benson Dave , Sambale Benjamin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We develop new techniques to classify basic algebras of blocks of
finite groups over algebraically closed fields of prime
characteristic. We apply these techniques to simplify and extend previous
classifications by Linckelmann, Murphy and Sambale. In particular, we fully classify blocks with
16-dimensional basic algebra.
Positive solutions for a fourth-order p-Laplacian boundary value problem
Authors: Graef John R. , Yang Bo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The authors consider a fourth-order boundary value problem with a p-Laplacian appearing in both the equation and the boundary conditions. Upper and lower estimates for positive solutions to the problem are proved. Sufficient conditions for the existence and nonexistence of positive solutions to the problem are obtained and illustrated with an example.
Facile aqueous synthesis of ZnCuInS/ZnS–ZnS QDs with enhanced photoluminescence lifetime for selective detection of Cu(ii) ions
Authors: Mgedle Nande , Aladesuyi Olanrewaju A. , Lebepe Thabang Calvin , Ncapayi Vuyelwa , Oluwafemi Oluwatobi Samuel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Quaternary quantum dots (QDs) have recently gained more attention due to their low toxicity, tunable wavelength, reduced or no blueshift emission upon overcoating, improved photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield, and PL lifetime when compared to their binary (II–VI) and ternary (I–III–VI) counterparts. In this work, the aqueous synthesis of ZnCuInS/ZnS–ZnS multi-shell quaternary QDs as a nanosensor for the selective detection of Cu2+ ions was reported. The as-synthesized QDs were spherical, with a particle diameter of 3.66 ± 0.81 nm, and emitted in the first near-infrared window (725 nm) with an average decay PL lifetime of 43.69 ns. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the QDs were of the wurtzite structure, while the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed GSH capping through the sulphur–metal bond. Furthermore, the fluorometric study shows that the developed multi-shell QDs were selective towards Cu2+ ions compared to other metal ions via fluorescence quenching with a limit of detection of 1.4 µM, which is below the acceptable limit in drinking water.
Right-censored partially linear regression model with error in variables: application with carotid endarterectomy dataset
Authors: Aydın Dursun , Yılmaz Ersin , Chamidah Nur , Lestari Budi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper considers a partially linear regression model relating a right-censored response variable to predictors and an extra covariate with measured error. The main problem here is that censorship and measurement error problems need to be solved to estimate the model correctly. In this sense, we propose three modified semiparametric estimators obtained from local polynomial regression, kernel smoothing, and B-spline smoothing methods based on kernel deconvolution approach and synthetic data transformation. Here, kernel deconvolution technique is used to solve the measurement error problem in the model and synthetic data transformation is considered to add the effect of censorship to the estimation procedure, which is a very common method in the literature. The performances of the introduced estimators are compared in the detailed Monte-Carlo simulation study. In addition, Carotid endarterectomy data is used as real-world data example and results are presented. According to the results, it is seen that the deconvoluted local polynomial method gives more qualified estimates than other two methods.
Expression of (in)definiteness in Polish-German bilinguals: an example of contact-induced grammaticalization
Authors: Błaszczyk Izabela 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study offers new insights into the marking of (in)definiteness by Polish-German bilinguals. In contrast to monolinguals, some bilinguals speaking Polish use the demonstrativetenand the numeraljedenin contexts that are restricted to articles only. Both the distance that the speaker’s variety of Polish is from the norm to which they were exposed and pattern replication seem to play an important role in this context. For the analysis, a corpus was created from nine transcripts of interviews (2,253 word types and 10,311 word tokens) with Polish-German bilinguals recorded in 2006 and 2010 by using the AntConc toolkit. The findings indicate that bilingual speakers follow the pathways of grammaticalization from a demonstrative to a definite article and from a numeral to an indefinite article that have been established in cross-linguistic work: demonstratives and the numeral ‘one’ are common sources of grammaticalization. Therefore, I suggest that these structural changes can be explained as resulting from contact-induced grammaticalization.
Low-loss skimming waveguides with controllable mode leakage for on-chip saturable absorbers
Authors: Yang Yi , Zhong Lijing , Cui Yudong , Wang Yuying , Chen Daoyuan , Lau Kuen Yao , Liu Xiaofeng , Ma Zhijun , Barillaro Giuseppe , Chen Zhi , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Emerging 3D photonic circuits would greatly benefit from the ability to integrate skimming waveguides with low loss and controllable inscription depth into photonic circuits. These waveguides allow for the interaction of guiding light directly with external modulation signals and enable programmable photonic circuits. Here, we report the fabrication of a novel photonic-lattice-like skimming waveguide (PLLSW) using femtosecond laser writing. Our method enables fine control of cross-sectional symmetry and writing depth of waveguides, achieving a minimum depth of 1 μm and a low insertion loss of 1 dB. Based on the PLLSW, we demonstrate on-chip light modulation by designing an evanescent-field-type saturable absorber through the coupling of a carbon nanotube film with the PLLSW, which exhibits saturation intensity from 20 to 200 MW/cm2 through the balanced twin-detector measurement. The strong nonlinear optical response of the PLLSW-based saturable absorber is further exploited to drive a Q-switched pulse laser at 1550 nm based on a fiber laser cavity. Our work demonstrates an effective method to integrate nonlinear optical materials into a glass chip for all-optical switching based on 3D waveguides, which holds great potential for the construction of large-scale programmable photonic circuits in the future.
Crystal structure of rac-1,8-bis(2-carbamoylethyl)-5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane, C22H46N6O2
Authors: Paul Pradip , Yasmin Sabina , Rabi Saswata , Rahman Ismail M. M. , Tiekink Edward R. T. , Roy Tapashi Ghosh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
C22H46N6O2, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.5777(3) Å, b = 9.0205(4) Å, c = 9.9270(3) Å, α =

67.899

(
3
)

°

$67.899(3){}^{\circ}$

, β =

71.106

(
3
)

°

$71.106(3){}^{\circ}$

, γ =

63.774

(
4
)

°

$63.774(4){}^{\circ}$

, V = 626.83(5) Å3, Z = 1,

R

g
t

${R}_{\mathit{g}\mathit{t}}$

(F) = 0.0400,

w

R

r
e
f

$w{R}_{\mathit{r}\mathit{e}\mathit{f}}$

(F
2) = 0.1162, T = 298(2) K.
Victims of Heritage Crimes: Aspects of Legal and Socio-Economic Justice
Authors: Olevska-Kairisa Irina , Kairiss Andris 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The aim of this research is to show how different groups of stakeholders are suffering as a result of heritage crime. Research primarily addresses Latvian situation (with international comparisons) in relation to archaeological sites as the most vulnerable, however, the findings can be applicable to other heritage objects and broader territory as well. Most of these stakeholders are currently limited in, if not denied, access to justice and rights for an effective remedy within the traditional criminal law system. Insufficient level of social awareness of socio-economic benefits and rights stemming from integrity, development, and use of archaeological sites together with existing legal constraints results in poor self-recognition by individuals and groups as victims of heritage crime. While suffered parties abstain from protecting their rights, there is lack of information and proactive action from public authorities including law enforcement. Current research analyses the nature and scope of immediate harm resulted from the damage of archaeological sites and the extended consequences of the heritage crime for the different stakeholders’ groups. It points at the inefficiency of standard retributive approach and evaluates benefits of restorative justice elements in reaching justice for heritage crime victims. The results could be used for better recognition of benefits, and therefore rights, stemming from intact archaeological sites, amending legal regulation, providing access to justice for suffered individual and collective parties, allowing recognition of mass victimisation and facilitating prevention of heritage crime.
Interdisciplinary Sport Science in Individual Sports - A Framework for Implementation
Authors: Secomb Josh L. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The role of the sport scientist has become an important part of the high-performance support staff structure in recent years. Although this role is now widely accepted and valued in many sports and organizations, there is an element of employment instability with frequent replacement and staffing changes occurring in some environments. There are often differences in the responsibilities and expectations of sport scientists within and between different sports and organizations, specifically between team and individual sports. This can make it difficult to successfully transition between these and be effective in a new role. Therefore, the ability to adapt to different environments and work within the culture and expectations of each sport can be crucial to professional success and to reduce role instability after new employment. This article aims to provide a framework for implementing interdisciplinary sport science in individual sports and includes case study examples and personal reflections to illustrate the framework in real-world situations. It is hoped that this can provide an insight into the unique considerations of working in these sports for the sport scientist that may transition into these roles.
Effects of Basement Excavation and Raft Loading on Urban Tunnel in Sand: Model Testing and Analysis
Authors: Mahajan Sumeet , Sharma Krishan Gopal , Ayothiraman Ramanathan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper describes an experimental investigation carried out in the laboratory to examine the effects of basement raft excavation and loading on an existing tunnel in Yamuna sand. A small-scale testing facility was designed to simulate the process of basement excavation and installation of basement raft with retaining wall in close vicinity to an existing tunnel. A simplified tunnel excavation system was also designed to simulate tunnel-excavation–induced stresses. Dimensions of model tunnel, sheet pile wall, basement raft, and retaining wall were arrived at after applying the physical scaling laws on prototype dimension using a scale factor of 40. The dimensions of the tunnel and raft foundation were decided based on the stressed zone of soil mass from the edge of the foundation and tunnel periphery. Experiments were performed for different geometrical configurations of raft and tunnel. Results indicate that the circumferential and longitudinal strains at different locations of tunnel lining are significantly affected by various stages of construction/excavation and raft loading. This effect is seen more at crown level when the distance between tunnel and raft is short. The critical zone of influence is found in the region enclosed such that the raft loading is at a clear distance equal to diameter of the tunnel on either side of tunnel axis and strains in tunnel lining are measured up to three times the tunnel diameter on either side from the center line of raft loading. Results further indicate that the magnitude of circumferential strain induced at different cross sections of the lining is larger than the magnitude of longitudinal strain. A numerical analysis was conducted to simulate the experiments using PLAXIS 3D, which fairly predicted the measured phenomena. Thus, it is recommended that the site-specific quantification of the influence of new construction on tunnel lining is very much essential.