bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duality relations in single-file diffusion
Authors: Rizkallah Pierre , Grabsch Aurélien , Illien Pierre , Bénichou Olivier 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Single-file transport, which corresponds to the diffusion of particles that cannot overtake each other in narrow channels, is an important topic in out-of-equilibrium statistical physics. Various microscopic models of single-file systems have been considered, such as the simple exclusion process, which has reached the status of a paradigmatic model. Several different models of single-file diffusion have been shown to be related by a duality relation, which holds either microscopically or only in the hydrodynamic limit of large time and large distances. Here, we show that, within the framework of fluctuating hydrodynamics, these relations are not specific to these models and that, in the hydrodynamic limit, every single-file system can be mapped onto a dual single-file system, which we characterise. This general duality relation allows us to obtain new results for different models, by exploiting the solutions that are available for their dual model.
The inequitable exposure of socially vulnerable groups to water shortages across the United States
Authors: Sanchez Leslie , Warziniack Travis , Knowles Michael 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Socially vulnerable populations in the United States are bearing the highest costs of water scarcity, which is likely to worsen with climate change, population growth, and growing disparities between areas with high water demand and the location of available supplies. Prior research showing that socially vulnerable groups are inequitably exposed to water shortages has focused on singular dimensions of social vulnerability, typically in relatively localized geographies, leaving us with an incomplete understanding of the national scope of the shortage risks. This study combines data on surface water shortages with the U.S. Center for Disease Control’s Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) to spatially identify clusters of high-shortage, high-vulnerability hotspots from 71 195 census tracts across the conterminous United States. We estimate that 5 percent of the population of the lower 48 states—nearly 15 million people—lives in high-SVI, high-shortage hotspot areas. We examine the relationship between exposure to water shortage and (a) SVI, (b) SVI themes, and (c) 15 indicators used to construct SVI across the U.S. and within hotspots. We find evidence that water shortages constitute an environmental injustice, as multiple dimensions of social vulnerability are disproportionately exposed to water shortages. However, the distinct dimensions of vulnerability that are correlated with a higher probability of exposure to water shortage vary across regions and within hotspots, indicating that adaptation strategies will have to be tailored to their specific contexts. This statement is to certify that all Authors have seen and approved the manuscript being submitted. We confirm that the article is the Authors’ original work and that we have no conflicts of interest.
Compact laser spectroscopic sensor head prototype for time-resolved breath oxygen monitoring
Authors: Patrick Link , Wysocki Gerard 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A small and lightweight optical sensor head prototype with a disposable airway adapter for continuous mainstream monitoring of oxygen at high sampling rate is designed and tested on an optical benchtop. In terms of its size and functionality, the sensor head design is similar to current capnography systems from leading medical equipment manufacturers, and it has been designed within constraints of potential applications in direct breath oxygen monitoring that require direct interaction with the gas inside a breathing tube. The measurement precision of 0.1% O2 with a 10 ms integration time are well within the performance required for breath O2 monitoring applications.
Exchange bias controlled antisymmetric-symmetric magnetoresistances in Fe3GeTe2/graphite/Fe3GeTe2 trilayer
Authors: Wu Qingmei , Cui Zhangzhang , Zhu Mo , Jiang Zhongyuan , Fu Zhengping , Lu Yalin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The magnetoresistance (MR) of spin values usually displays a symmetric dependence on the magnetic field. An antisymmetric MR phenomenon has been discovered recently that breaks the field symmetry and has the potential to realize multi-bit memory. In this work, we report a controllable switch between the antisymmetric and symmetric MRs and propose a multi-bit memory performance in Fe3GeTe2 (FGT)/graphite/FGT trilayer with modified vertical geometry. Via investigating the evolution of the antisymmetric MR depending on the spatial distribution, current direction, and magnetization configuration, we demonstrate that the antisymmetric MR results from the local nonequilibrium current through the trilayer. Furthermore, an exchange bias effect is induced which modifies the antisymmetric MR. A stable multi-bit memory is presented in the heterostructure. Such architecture for multi-state memory provides insights into other spin-valve structures to improve storage density.
Climatic fingerprint of spring discharge depletion in the southern Italian Apennines from 1601 to 2020 CE
Authors: Diodato Nazzareno , Ljungqvist Fredrik Charpentier , Fiorillo Francesco , Esposito Libera , Ventafridda Gerardo , Bellocchi Gianni 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Annual mean spring discharge (ASD) is an important water supply source, essential for ecological systems and societies dependent on groundwater resources. Influenced by both regional and local climate fluctuations, the inter-annual variability of ASD represents a climate memory signal, significantly affected when the drought pattern manifests itself in changing climatic regimes. Gaining a better historical perspective on ASD changes requires extended time-series of discharge data and relevant climate drivers. Here, using a parsimonious model, we present a continuous (modelled) time-series of annual ASD for the karst spring of Caposele, in the Cervialto Massif of southern Italy, which is hitherto the longest (1601–2020 CE) such time-series for the entire Mediterranean region. The model was designed to capture the importance of large-scale seasonal (spring, autumn and winter) precipitation (hydro-meteorological factor), and flood and drought indices (climatological factor), and to be consistent with a sample (1920–2020 CE) of actual data. We show a limited overall sensitivity of ASD to climate variability, with a mean of 4.21 m3 s−1 and a drop from ∼1759 CE. With a mean value of ∼3.60 m3 s−1 after ∼1987 CE, ASD has revealed a substantial descending trend—possibly a fingerprint of recent warming—with a depletion of regional water reservoirs. These results highlight the need to strengthen the capacity of groundwater resources in the face of changing, and possibly enhanced, drought patterns in the Mediterranean region.
Thirty-minute motor imagery exercise aided by EEG sensorimotor rhythm neurofeedback enhances morphing of sensorimotor cortices: a double-blind sham-controlled study
Authors: Kodama Midori , Iwama Seitaro , Morishige Masumi , Ushiba Junichi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Neurofeedback training using electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) combined with mental rehearsals of motor behavior has demonstrated successful self-regulation of motor cortical excitability. However, it remains unclear whether the acquisition of skills to voluntarily control neural excitability is accompanied by structural plasticity boosted by neurofeedback. Here, we sought short-term changes in cortical structures induced by 30 min of BCI-based neurofeedback training, which aimed at the regulation of sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) in scalp EEG. When participants performed kinesthetic motor imagery of right finger movement with online feedback of either event-related desynchronisation (ERD) of SMR magnitude from the contralateral sensorimotor cortex (SM1) or those from other participants (i.e. placebo), the learning rate of SMR-ERD control was significantly different. Although overlapped structural changes in gray matter volumes were found in both groups, significant differences revealed by group-by-group comparison were spatially different; whereas the veritable neurofeedback group exhibited sensorimotor area-specific changes, the placebo exhibited spatially distributed changes. The white matter change indicated a significant decrease in the corpus callosum in the verum group. Furthermore, the learning rate of SMR regulation was correlated with the volume changes in the ipsilateral SM1, suggesting the involvement of interhemispheric motor control circuitries in BCI control tasks.
Dysregulation of the chromatin environment leads to differential alternative splicing as a mechanism of disease in a human model of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Leung Calvin S , Rosenzweig Shoshana J , Yoon Brian , Marinelli Nicholas A , Hollingsworth Ethan W , Maguire Abbie M , Cowen Mara H , Schmidt Michael , Imitola Jaime , Gamsiz Uzun Ece D , Lizarraga Sofia B 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects 1 in 44 children. Chromatin regulatory proteins are overrepresented among genes that contain high risk variants in ASD. Disruption of the chromatin environment leads to widespread dysregulation of gene expression, which is traditionally thought of as a mechanism of disease pathogenesis associated with ASD. Alternatively, alterations in chromatin dynamics could also lead to dysregulation of alternative splicing, which is understudied as a mechanism of ASD pathogenesis. The anticonvulsant valproic acid (VPA) is a well-known environmental risk factor for ASD that acts as a class I histone deacetylase inhibitor. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying defects in human neuronal development associated with exposure to VPA are understudied. To dissect how VPA exposure and subsequent chromatin hyperacetylation influence molecular signatures involved in ASD pathogenesis, we conducted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in human cortical neurons that were treated with VPA. We observed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched for mRNA splicing, mRNA processing, histone modification and metabolism related gene sets. Furthermore, we observed widespread increases in the number and the type of alternative splicing events. Analysis of differential transcript usage (DTU) showed that exposure to VPA induces extensive alterations in transcript isoform usage across neurodevelopmentally important genes. Finally, we find that DEGs and genes that display DTU overlap with known ASD-risk genes. Altogether, these findings suggest that, in addition to differential gene expression, changes in alternative splicing correlated with alterations in the chromatin environment could act as an additional mechanism of disease in ASD.
How bright can old magnetars be? Assessing the impact of magnetized envelopes and field topology on neutron star cooling
Authors: Dehman Clara , Pons José A , Viganò Daniele , Rea Nanda 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Neutron stars cool down during their lifetime through the combination of neutrino emission from the interior and photon cooling from the surface. Strongly magnetized neutron stars, called magnetars, are no exception, but the effect of their strong fields adds further complexities to the cooling theory. Besides other factors, modelling the outermost hundred meters (the envelope) plays a crucial role in predicting their surface temperatures. In this letter, we revisit the influence of envelopes on the cooling properties of neutron stars, with special focus on the critical effects of the magnetic field. We explore how our understanding of the relation between the internal and surface temperatures has evolved over the past two decades, and how different assumptions about the neutron star envelope and field topology lead to radically different conclusions on the surface temperature and its cooling with age. In particular, we find that relatively old magnetars with core-threading magnetic fields are actually much cooler than a rotation-powered pulsar of the same age. This is at variance with what is typically observed in crustal-confined models. Our results have important implications for the estimates of the X-ray luminosities of aged magnetars, and the subsequent population study of the different neutron star classes.
Dissecting the Biology ofRafflesiaSpecies: Current Progress and Future Directions Made Possible with High-Throughput Sequencing Data
Authors: Mursyidah Anwarali-Khan , Hafizzudin-Fedeli Mohamad , Nor Muhammad Nor Azlan , Latiff A , Firdaus-Raih Mohd , Wan Kiew-Lian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe angiosperm Rafflesia exhibits a unique biology, including a growth strategy that involves endophytic parasitism of a specific host, with only the gigantic flower externally visible. The Rafflesia possesses many unique evolutionary, developmental and morphological features that are rooted in yet-to-be-explained physiological processes. Although studies on the molecular biology of Rafflesia are limited by sampling difficulties due to its rarity in the wild and the short life span of its flower, current advances in high-throughput sequencing technology have allowed for the genome- and transcriptome-level dissection of the molecular mechanisms behind the unique characteristics of this parasitic plant. In this review, we summarize major findings on the cryptic biology of Rafflesia and provide insights into future research directions. The wealth of data obtained can improve our understanding of Rafflesia species and contribute toward the conservation strategy of this endangered plant.
Competing for Deal Flow in Local Mortgage Markets
Authors: Aiello Darren J , Garmaise Mark J , Natividad Gabriel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe U.S. mortgage market exhibits competitive instability in which some lenders rapidly emerge from the fringe to substantial market shares. Using inferred discontinuities in application acceptance models to generate local lending shocks, we analyze the impact on a lender of a surge in originations by its competitors. We show that the quickest-growing (but not the largest) competitors divert applications and originations from other lenders. Facing a quickly growing competitor, lenders charge higher interest rates, partially because of the increased risk of their loans. Loan performance suffers for other lenders as the quickest-growing competitor’s originations increase. (JEL G21, D40)Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Humoral responses against HDL are linked to lipoprotein traits, atherosclerosis, inflammation and pathogenic pathways during early arthritis stages
Authors: Rodríguez-Carrio Javier , Alperi-López Mercedes , López Patricia , Pérez-Álvarez Ángel I , Robinson George A , Alonso-Castro Sara , Amigo-Grau Núria , Atzeni Fabiola , Suárez Ana 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective
Chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation are crucial mechanisms for atherosclerosis in RA. Recent evidence suggests a link via humoral responses against high-density lipoproteins (HDL). This study aimed to characterize the specificity, clinical relevance and emergence of humoral responses against HDL along disease course, especially during the earliest phases of arthritis.

Methods
IgG and IgM serum levels of antibodies against HDL (anti-HDL) and apolipoprotein A1 (anti-ApoA1) were measured in 82 early RA patients, 14 arthralgia individuals and 96 controls. Established RA patients (n = 42) were included for validation. Atherosclerosis and vascular stiffness were measured by Doppler ultrasound. Lipoprotein content, particle numbers and size were measured by H-NMR. Cytokines were measured by immunoassays. A cardiometabolic-related protein panel was evaluated using high-throughput targeted proteomics.

Results
Anti-HDL and anti-ApoA1 responses were increased in early RA compared with controls (both P &lt; 0.001) and were comparable to established disease. Only anti-ApoA1 antibodies were increased in arthralgia. IgG anti-HDL and anti-ApoA1 were associated with unfavourable lipoprotein traits in RA and arthralgia, respectively. A similar picture was observed for inflammatory mediators. No associations with clinical features or risk factors were found. IgG anti-HDL were independently associated with atherosclerosis occurrence in early RA, and outperformed patient stratification over conventional algorithms (mSCORE) and their anti-ApoA1 counterparts. Anti-HDL antibodies correlated with proteins involved in immune activation, remodelling and lipid metabolism pathways in early RA.

Conclusion
Humoral responses against HDL particles are an early event along the arthritis course, although quantitative and qualitative differences can be noticed among stages. These differences informed distinct capacities as biomarkers and underlying pathogenic circuits.
Efficacy of Biocontrol Agents Coniothyrium minitans and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for Managing Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Indiana Soybean
Authors: Conrad Audrey M. , Telenko Darcy E. P. 
Published: January 2023

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a soilborne pathogen of soybean that causes Sclerotinia stem rot, also called white mold. Sclerotinia stem rot can cause significant yield losses under cool and wet environmental conditions. Two biofungicides, Coniothyrium minitans and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, are currently available and labeled to limit or suppress S. sclerotiorum in soybean. These biofungicides can be applied in place of synthetic foliar fungicides to provide an alternative mode of action for the control of Sclerotinia stem rot. However, limited information is available regarding the efficacy of C. minitans and B. amyloliquefaciens as biocontrol agents of S. sclerotiorum in soybean. To assess the effectiveness of C. minitans and B. amyloliquefaciens as biocontrol agents of S. sclerotiorum, dual culture and soil plate assays were conducted, along with experiments in the growth chamber and field. Degradation of sclerotia following treatment with C. minitans in the soil plate assay confirmed that the primary mode of action is mycoparasitism. In the growth chamber, B. amyloliquefaciens at 14.03 liters/ha applied using the dip method significantly reduced Sclerotinia stem rot lesion length over the nontreated control and resulted in the lowest lesion area under the disease progress curve. When B. amyloliquefaciens and C. minitans were applied in the field, no differences were observed between treatments for soybean moisture, test weight, or yield in Indiana. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Immunonutrition of perioperative therapy for colorectal cancer
Authors: Wu Jin-Ming , Chang Kai-Hsing , Hsu Francis Li-Tien 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Immunonutrition, a modified nutritional formula that involves the addition of glutamine, arginine, omega-3 fatty acids, nucleotides, and other potential compounds to the diet, has proven its potential for use in immunomodulation and protein metabolism improvement. Its clinical benefits include shortening hospital stays and lowering surgical infectious complications in upper gastrointestinal surgery. However, the use of perioperative immunonutrition is rare among colorectal cancer patients undergoing surgical intervention. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers around the world, but its malnutrition rate is not high in comparison with other cancers (eg, gastric cancer or esophageal cancer). Furthermore, the surgical modality for the majority of colorectal cancer patients involves minimal invasive surgery (MIS), which enhances recovery speed. It is an interesting clinical question whether or not perioperative immunonutrition supplementation for colorectal cancer patients undergoing MIS causes extraclinical impacts. The immunomodulation effect of CD4+ T cells has been proven in colorectal patients undergoing elective surgery. In recent years, there have been several prospective randomized studies elucidating the clinical effects of immunonutrition on colorectal cancer patients undergoing surgery in Western countries. These studies have generally found that perioperative immunonutrition was associated with a lower rate of surgical infectious complications even in normo-nourished patients undergoing MIS. The use of perioperative immunonutrition provides clinical benefits according to high-quality studies. However, most results come from Western countries, and its effect needs to be validated in Asian countries.
Postoperative posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a hereditary spherocytosis child undergoing splenectomy
Authors: Srivastava Saurav , Chaubey Digamber , Kumar Sujit , Thakur Vinit Kumar , Rahul Sandip Kumar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Postoperative posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome has seldom been reported in the pediatric age group. We describe this syndrome in a child of hereditary spherocytosis who underwent splenectomy for hypersplenism.
Late perforation of a gastric ulcer secondary to intragastric balloon: Report of a combined endoscopic and laparoscopic approach
Authors: Fonseca Mariana Kumaira , Iaroseski Julia , Grossi João Vicente Machado , Nacul Miguel P. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Intragastric balloons (IGBs) are minimally invasive devices used for managing obesity. Despite their relative safety and patient tolerance, there have been reports of adverse events associated with IGBs. Gastric perforation is a rare but feared complication that mostly occurs as an early event after transitional interventions, such as insertion or removal procedures. This case report describes a combined endoscopic and laparoscopic approach to a rare case of late gastric perforation secondary to an IGB whose removal was long overdue.