bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exotic tree species have consistently lower herbivore load in a cross‐Atlantic tree biodiversity experiment
Authors: Berthelot Sylvie , Bauhus Jürgen , Dormann Carsten F. , Gravel Dominique , Messier Christian , Nock Charles A. , Paquette Alain , Reich Peter B. , Fründ Jochen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt is commonly expected that exotic plants experience reduced herbivory, but experimental evidence for such enemy release is still controversial. One reason for conflicting results might be that community context has rarely been accounted for, although the surrounding plant diversity may moderate enemy release. Here, we tested the effects of focal tree origin and surrounding tree diversity on herbivore abundance and leaf damage in a cross‐Atlantic tree‐diversity experiment in Canada and Germany. We evaluated six European tree species paired with six North American congeners in both their native and exotic range, expecting lower herbivory for the exotic tree species in each pair at each site. Such reciprocal experiments have long been called for, but have not been realized thus far. In addition to a thorough evaluation of overall enemy release effects, we tested whether enemy release effects changed with the surrounding tree diversity. Herbivore abundance was indeed consistently lower on exotics across all six tree genera (12 comparisons). This effect of exotic status was independent of the continent, phylogenetic relatedness, and surrounding tree diversity. In contrast, leaf damage associated with generalist leaf chewers was consistently higher on North American tree species. Interestingly, several species of European weevils were the most abundant leaf chewers on both continents and the dominant herbivores at the Canadian site. Thus, most observed leaf damage is likely to reflect the effect of generalist herbivores that feed heavily on plant species with which they have not evolved. At the German site, sap suckers were the dominant herbivores and showed a pattern consistent with enemy release. Taken together, the consistently lower herbivory on exotics on both continents is not purely a pattern of enemy release in the strictest sense, but to some degree additionally reflects the susceptibility of native plants to invasive herbivores. In conclusion, our cross‐Atlantic study is consistent with the idea that nonnative trees have generally reduced herbivory, regardless of tree community diversity and species identity, but for different reasons depending on the dominant herbivore guild.
Movement drives population dynamics of one of the most mobile ungulates on Earth: Insights from a mechanistic model
Authors: Stratmann Theresa S. M. , Forrest Matthew , Traylor Wolfgang , Dejid Nandintsetseg , Olson Kirk A. , Mueller Thomas , Hickler Thomas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLong‐distance movements are hypothesized to positively influence population size and stability of mobile species. We tested this hypothesis with a novel modeling approach in which moving herbivores interact with the environment created by a dynamic global vegetation model using highly mobile Mongolian gazelles in the eastern Mongolian grasslands as a case study. Gazelle population dynamics were modeled from 1901 to 2018 under two scenarios, one allowing free movement and one restricting movement. Gazelles were 2.2 times more abundant when they could move freely and were extirpated in 71% of the study area when mobility was restricted. Mobility resulted in greater population increases during times of abundant forage and smaller population decreases during drought. Reduced thermoregulatory costs associated with climate change, combined with an increase in vegetation biomass, increased gazelle abundance. Since high abundances often resulted in overgrazing and, thus, extirpation when movement was restricted, mobility had an important role in maintaining higher densities. The novel modeling approach shows how accounting for not just herbivore but also plant ecophysiology can improve our understanding of the population dynamics of highly mobile herbivores, in particular when examining the effects of habitat and climate change. Since the model simulates herbivores based on general physiological mechanisms that apply across large herbivores and the vegetation model can be applied globally, it is possible to adapt the model to other large‐herbivore systems.
Novel eDNA approaches to monitor Western honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) microbial and arthropod communities
Authors: Boardman Leigh , Marcelino Jose A. P. , Valentin Rafael E. , Boncristiani Humberto , Standley Jennifer M. , Ellis James D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPests and pathogens are a continuous threat to the health of Western honey bee Apis mellifera L. Monitoring honey bee colonies for arthropod pests, disease‐causing bacteria and fungi, and early detection of new invasions is essential to maintain the pollination services provided by honey bees. We investigated the feasibility of using eDNA metabarcoding to detect pests and pathogens in bee hives and across their foraging environment. We sampled 13 sources for eDNA within and outside hives from our test apiary to determine where the most informative eDNA could be obtained, with most sources sampled thrice. This resulted in 61 samples, 20 negative controls, and three positive controls. Furthermore, we compared two eDNA collection techniques—wiping surfaces with moistened forensic swabs and using a spray/wash technique that aggregated surface eDNA into a container, before collecting the eDNA on a filter. We used DNA metabarcoding with universal primer sets to target arthropod, bacterial, and fungal communities. Our results showed that most sources yielded sufficient eDNA and that results of the swab and spray/wash methods were similar when they could be applied to the same surface. We detected DNA from honey bee bacterial symbionts, mycotoxin‐producing fungi and Brachymyrmex sp. rover ants. Common pests and pathogens of concern to honey bees (i.e., [small hive beetle (Aethina tumida), Varroa destructor, and Melissococcus plutonius]) were detected. This matched our visual observations of clinical signs of these pests and pathogens in the hives we tested. DNA from some species was source specific, which has implications for using eDNA as a monitoring tool. Collectively, our data show that eDNA metabarcoding can accurately detect DNA from arthropods and microbes honey bees contact and can be used as a comprehensive molecular predictor tool for colony health surveys.
Ruthenium(II) Tris‐Pyrazolylmethane Complexes in Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Gobbo Alberto , Ma Xinyuan , Ciancaleoni Gianluca , Zacchini Stefano , Biancalana Lorenzo , Guelfi Massimo , Pampaloni Guido , Nolan Steven P. , Marchetti Fabio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhile ruthenium(II) arene complexes have been widely investigated for their potential in catalytic transfer hydrogenation, studies on homologous compounds replacing the arene ligand with the six‐electron donor tris(1‐pyrazolyl)methane (tpm) are almost absent in the literature. The reactions of [RuCl(κ3‐tpm)(PPh3)2]Cl, 1, with a series of nitrogen ligands (L) proceeded with selective PPh3 mono‐substitution, affording the novel complexes [RuCl(κ3‐tpm)(PPh3)(L)]Cl (L=NCMe, 2; NCPh, 3; imidazole, 4) in almost quantitative yields. Products 2–4 were fully characterized by IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, moreover the molecular structure of 4 was ascertained by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compounds 2–4 were evaluated as catalytic precursors in the transfer hydrogenation of a series of ketones with isopropanol as the hydrogen source, and 2 exhibited the highest activity. Extensive NMR experiments and DFT calculations allowed to elucidate the mechanism of the transfer hydrogenation process, suggesting the crucial role played by the tpm ligand, reversibly switching from tri‐ to bidentate coordination during the catalytic cycle.
Facile Synthesis of Triptycene‐Azolium Salts and NHC‐Metal Complexes
Authors: Kaps Alexander , Plenio Herbert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe cycloaddition reactions of eleven substituted anthracenes with nosylated quinone imines provides a convenient route to the respective triptycenes. Following re‐aromatization, selective O‐butylation and cleavage of the nosyl‐group the respective triptycene anilines are obtained, which are converted into the respective imidazolium salts according to established procedures. Deprotonation of the imidazolium salts provide new triptycene‐NHC‐metal complexes (M=AuCl, RhCl(cod), IrCl(cod), RhCl(CO)2, IrCl(CO)2, PdI2(py), PtCl2(py), Pd(allyl)Cl) with unusual ligand sterics.
AQFD‐based approach for the development of smartproduct‐servicesystems
Authors: Fargnoli Mario , Haber Nicolas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe paper proposes a novel method for the development of smart product‐service systems (Smart‐PSSs) by focusing on the analysis of customer requirements and the selection of those features that can practically enhance the smart capabilities of the offering. To achieve such a goal, a quality function deployment (QFD) based method is presented to specifically address the development of Smart‐PSS solutions. The novel approach, named quality function deployment for smart‐product service systems (QFD for Smart‐PSS), relies on the deployment of smart characteristics and components besides the conventional product and service features. Such an approach allows a better granularity of the assessment and deployment of the system features by well defining the smart components in PSS. To preliminarily verify the applicability of the method, a case study concerning the development of a Smart‐PSS solution for the elevators of a building is proposed. The results achieved show the potential benefits that the proposed approach can have both in the case of novel solutions and when an existing system has to be augmented. The method is at the initial stage of development and while this study can augment knowledge on the development of Smart‐PSS, further research work is needed to extend its validation.
XML‐LightGBMDroid: A self‐driven interactive mobile application utilizing explainable machine learning for breast cancer diagnosis
Authors: Mohi Uddin Khandaker Mohammad , Biswas Nitish , Rikta Sarreha Tasmin , Dey Samrat Kumar , Qazi Atika 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNowadays, breast cancer detection and diagnosis are done using machine learning algorithms. It can enhance cancer understanding and help in treatment selection and diagnosis. But many reliable decision assistance systems have been developed as “black boxes,” or devices that conceal their internal workings from the user. In fact, this method's output is difficult to understand, which makes it difficult for doctors to use it. This study uses explainable machine learning to investigate a technique for more promptly and accurately predicting breast cancer. The data is obtained from Kaggle to generate a machine learning (ML) model that forecasts the occurrence of breast cancer and Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) are used to interpret the model's forecasts. To forecast the development of this disease, explainable machine learning (XML) model based on gradient boosting machine (GBM), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and light gradient boosting (LightGBM) is built. The investigation's findings show that the LightGBM is capable of a maximum accuracy of 99%. An explainable ML has been demonstrated here which may produce an explicit understanding of how models generate their predictions, which is critical in boosting the confidence and acceptance of cutting‐edge ML methods in oncology and healthcare in general. Finally, a mobile app is also developed, integrating the best model.
Effect of blanching and ultrasound pretreatment on moisture migration, uniformity, and quality attributes of dried cantaloupe
Authors: Yuan Tiejian , Zhao Xiaoyan , Zhang Chao , Xu Peng , Li Xiaoqiong , Zhang Zhentao , Yang Junling , Liu Yaoyang , He Yan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo overcome problems of browning and crusting during the pretreatment process and provide theoretical guidance for cantaloupe convection drying at 80°C, the effects of blanching (BL) and ultrasonic (US) treatments were examined. The effects of various BL (5, 10, and 15 s) and US (10, 20, 30, and 40 min) durations on convection drying were tested. The moisture ratio, drying rate, moisture effective diffusivity, color, browning, nuclear magnetic resonance characteristics, and texture were assessed. Compared with the control group, the maximal decreases in the drying time of BL and US pretreatment groups were 40% and 33.3%, respectively. BL and US pretreatments significantly increased the effective diffusion coefficient and shortened the drying time because of the destruction of the cell structure. Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that free water is mainly lost during the initial drying stage, while solidified water is mainly lost during middle and late stages. According to the results of magnetic resonance imaging, the moisture distribution shows that cavitation from US acts on internal tissue, while BL disrupts the structure of external tissue. Texture data define the area enclosed by SC‐D as uniform. After BL and US pretreatment, the hardness of dried cantaloupe decreased and the uniformity increased significantly. The best pretreatment process for cantaloupe at 80°C was 10 min of US. These findings provide a reference for testing in the industrial production of dried cantaloupe and are deeply relevant for practice.
The relationship of dietary inflammatory index and dietary patterns with premenstrual syndrome among women in Kermanshah: An analytical cross‐sectional study
Authors: Farpour Samaneh , Soleimani Davood , Moradinazar Mehdi , Samadi Mehnoosh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPremenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common psychological condition that occurs continuously during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Potential factors in this syndrome comprise the central nervous system, hormones, genetic background, and nutritional indicators. Little is known about foods or eating patterns that may be associated with this syndrome, yet nutritional factors can be considered in strategies for the management of PMS. The current study purposed to investigate the relationship between PMS and dietary inflammation index as well as PMS and food patterns. The present cross‐sectional study was conducted on 125 women and girls aged 20–46 years who experienced symptoms of PMS. The inclusion criteria included cooperation and consent to enter the study, a body mass index of 18.5–25 kg/m2, no underlying disease, no use of contraceptives or antidepressants, and no use of multivitamin or mineral supplements. In the first stage of this study, participants' height, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference were measured. In the second stage, eating habits were examined using a semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. This study found a significant correlation between glycemic load quintiles as well as between energy and macronutrient intake and the dietary inflammatory index; however, it revealed a direct correlation between PMS and both Western‐mixed dietary and high‐salt–high‐sugar dietary patterns. Moreover, the Western food pattern was found to have a direct correlation with dietary inflammatory index, and the healthy food pattern had an inverse correlation with this index. This study showed that PMS symptoms are more severe with the consumption of high‐salt–high‐sugar or a Western‐mixed food dietary pattern. It seems that an imbalance in hormones and neurotransmitters can affect the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Also, some foods, such as vegetables, and low‐fat and high‐fiber diets reduce plasma estrogen levels and the duration of PMS symptoms.
Formal Anti‐Markovnikov Addition of Water to Olefins by Titanocene‐Catalyzed Epoxide Hydrosilylation: From Stoichiometric to Sustainable Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Höthker Sebastian , Gansäuer Andreas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHere, the evolution of the titanocene‐catalyzed hydrosilylation of epoxides that yields the corresponding anti‐Markovnikov alcohols is summarized. The study focuses on aspects of sustainability, efficient catalyst activation, and stereoselectivity. The latest variant of the reaction employs polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS), a waste product of the Müller–Rochow process as terminal reductant, features an efficient catalyst activation with benzylMgBr and the use of the bench stable Cp2TiCl2 as precatalyst. The combination of olefin epoxidation and epoxide hydrosilylation provides a uniquely efficient approach to the formal anti‐Markovnikov addition of H2O to olefins.
Comparison of the 2009 Institute of Medicine and 2021 Chinese guidelines for gestational weight gain: A retrospective population‐based cohort study
Authors: Gong Xiaoli , Wu Tianchen , Zhang Lizhen , You Yiping , Wei Hongwei , Zuo Xifang , Zhou Ying , Xing Xinli , Meng Zhaoyan , Lv Qi , Liu Zhaodong , Zhang Jian , Hu Liyan , Li Junnan , Li Li , Chen Chulin , Liu Chunyan , Sun Guoqiang , Liu Aiju , Lv Yuan , Zhao Yangyu , Chen Jingsi , Wei Yuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the associations between gestational weight gain (GWG) and perinatal outcomes based on the GWG guidelines of the Chinese Nutrition Society (CNS) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM).MethodsThis was a retrospective study with 9075 low‐risk singleton pregnant women. Logistic regression model was used to analyze associations between GWG categories and perinatal outcomes. Sensitivity analyses were performed based on pre‐pregnancy body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters).ResultsExcessive GWG as defined by the two guidelines was associated with a higher risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Inadequate GWG was associated with higher risks of small for gestational age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–1.64) and preterm birth (aOR 1.70, 95% CI 1.22–2.36), but a lower risk of large for gestational age (LGA) (aOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.63–0.95) according to the IOM guidelines. When using the CNS guidelines, inadequate GWG was associated with only a lower risk of preterm birth (aOR 1.80, 95% CI 1.19–2.70). Sensitivity analyses suggested that excessive GWG was associated with a higher risk of LGA in underweight women.ConclusionsBoth guidelines could demonstrate the relationship between GWG and adverse perinatal outcomes. The CNS guidelines were more suitable for the Chinese population with underweight or normal weight before pregnancy, whereas IOM was more suitable for pregnant women with inadequate GWG.
Pregnancy outcomes in patients with portal cavernoma: A case series study
Authors: Conthe Andrés , Ibáñez‐Samaniego Luis , Muñoz María Fernández , Ortega Virginia , Yunquera Ainhoa Fernández , Romero Mario , Yllana Fátima , Catalina Maria Vega , Larroca Santiago García‐Tizón , Bañares Rafael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveNon‐cirrhotic portal vein cavernoma (PVC) is a cause of portal hypertension (PH) frequently affecting women of childbearing age. Cavernous transformation of the portal vein is frequently associated with prothrombotic disorders and often entails multiple hemodynamic changes, porto‐collateral shunt development and thrombopenia, all of which can affect the course of pregnancy. Our aim was to evaluate the risk of PH‐related complications and pregnancy outcomes in patients with PVC.MethodsRetrospective case series study of patients with PVC undergoing pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital.ResultsEight pregnancies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. All patients had a predisposing factor for PVC. One episode of variceal bleeding was reported at week 28. Six cesarean sections were scheduled to avoid labor while two urgent surgeries were indicated due to fetal distress and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). In all but one case, anticoagulation was prescribed after delivery. No hemorrhagic or thrombotic complications were reported. There were four cases of IUGR with no case of miscarriage or stillbirth.ConclusionPregnancy in patients with PVC has an overall favorable outcome albeit a higher risk of PH‐derived complications, and IUGR may be expected. Hence, PVC must not be considered a contraindication for pregnancy although larger prospective studies are necessary.
Additively manufactured Ti‐29Nb‐21Zr shows improved oxide polarization resistance versus Ti‐6Al‐4V in inflammatory simulating solution
Authors: Kurtz Michael A. , Wessinger Audrey C. , Mace Annsley , Moreno‐Reyes Aldo , Gilbert Jeremy L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRetrieval studies in the past two decades show severe corrosion of titanium and its alloys in orthopedic implants. This damage is promoted by mechanically assisted crevice corrosion (MACC), particularly within modular titanium‐titanium junctions. During MACC, titanium interfaces may be subject to negative potentials and reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated from cathodic activation and/or inflammation. Additive manufacturing (AM) may be able to produce new, corrosion‐resistant titanium alloys and admixtures that are less susceptible to these adverse electrochemical events. In this study, we characterize the impedance and corrosion properties of three new AM titanium materials, including Ti‐6Al‐4V with added 1% nano‐yttria stabilized ZrO2, admixed Ti‐29Nb‐21Zr, and pre‐alloyed Ti‐29Nb‐21Zr. We aim to elucidate how these materials perform when subjected to high ROS solutions. We include conventionally and additively manufactured Ti‐6Al‐4V in our study as comparison groups. A 0.1 M H2O2 phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) solution, simulating inflammatory conditions, significantly increased biomaterial OCP (−0.14 V vs. Ag/AgCl) compared to PBS only (−0.38 V, p = .000). During anodic polarization, Ti‐6Al‐4V passive current density more than doubled from 1.28 × 10−7 to 3.81 × 10−7 A/cm2 when exposed to 0.1 M H2O2. In contrast, Ti‐29Nb‐21Zr passive current density remained relatively unchanged, slightly increasing from 7.49 × 10−8 in PBS to 9.31 × 10−8 in 0.1 M H2O2. Ti‐29Nb‐21Zr oxide polarization resistance (Rp) was not affected by 0.1 M H2O2, maintaining a high value (1.09 × 106 vs. 1.89 × 106 Ω cm2), while Ti‐6Al‐4V in 0.1 M H2O2 solution had significantly diminished Rp (4.38 × 106 in PBS vs. 7.24 × 104 Ω cm2 in H2O2). These results indicate that Ti‐29Nb‐21Zr has improved corrosion resistance in ROS containing solutions when compared with Ti‐6Al‐4V based biomaterials.
The angiogenic potential of pH‐neutral borophosphate bioactive glasses
Authors: Bromet Bradley A. , Blackwell Nathaniel P. , Abokefa Nada , Freudenberger Parker , Blatt Rebekah L. , Brow Richard K. , Semon Julie A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBorate bioactive glasses have gained attention in recent years due to their therapeutic and regenerative effects in vivo. However, borate bioactive glasses release alkaline ions, increasing the local pH and creating a toxic environment for cell culture studies. A partial compositional substitution of phosphate for borate can create a pH‐neutral glass that does not significantly affect the local pH while still releasing therapeutic ions. In the present study, a series of Na‐Ca‐borophosphate bioactive glasses with different borate‐to‐phosphate ratios was evaluated in vitro and in vivo for cytotoxicity and angiogenic effects. Compared to more basic borate glasses, the pH‐neutral glasses supported endothelial cell migration and stimulated greater blood vessel formation in a chick chorioallantoic membrane model. The results from this study indicate that these pH‐neutral glasses are promising angiogenic biomaterials for use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.