bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of intraoral scanning distance on the marginal discrepancy of milled interim crowns
Authors: Ozden Yunus Emre , Ozkurt‐Kayahan Zeynep , Kazazoglu Ender 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeTo compare the marginal discrepancy between milled interim crowns fabricated using intraoral digital scans acquired at different scanning distances.Materials and methodsTen acrylic typodont teeth were prepared for interim crowns. Three different resin frames of 2.5‐, 5‐, and 7.5‐mm heights were fabricated and attached to an intraoral scanner (Omnicam). Three groups were created based on the different scanning distances tested: 2.5 mm (Group A), 5 mm (Group B), and 7.5 mm (Group C). Intraoral digital scans were performed on four tooth surfaces: mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual (n = 10). Each experimental scan was used to design and fabricate a milled polymethylmethacrylate anatomically contoured crown. Vinyl polyether silicone was used three times to assess the marginal discrepancy of the specimens by measuring five marginal points on digital photographs. One‐way analysis of variance test was used to analyze the data, followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference test (α = 0.05).ResultsThe mean marginal discrepancy values in Group C were significantly higher than those in Groups A (p ≤ 0.000) and B (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between Groups A and B (p = 0.702). There were no significant differences among the four surfaces in any of the scanning distance groups (p1 = 0.583, p2 = 0.390, and p3 = 0.135; p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe interim crowns fabricated with a scanning distance of 7.5 mm showed the greatest marginal discrepancy when compared with crowns fabricated using 2.5‐ and 5‐mm scanning distances.
Plasma human neutrophil peptides as biomarkers of disease severity and mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Huang Chunhong , Lou Congcong , Zheng Xiaoping , Pang Lantian , Wang Gang , Zhu Mengfei , Dai Xiahong , Wang Jie , Tu Mingmin , Xu Wei , Chen Zhi , Gao Hainv , Xu Lichen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground & AimsHuman neutrophil peptides (HNP)‐1, ‐2 and ‐3 are the most abundant proteins in neutrophil azurophilic granules and are rapidly released via neutrophil degranulation upon activation. The aims of our study were to assess the role of HNP1‐3 as biomarkers of disease severity in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and their value in predicting short‐term mortality.MethodsIn this study, 451 patients with acutely decompensated cirrhosis (AD) were enrolled at the two medical centres. Overall, 281 patients were enrolled as the training cohort from October 2015 to April 2019, and 170 patients were enrolled as the validation cohort from June 2020 to February 2021. Plasma HNP1‐3 levels were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsPlasma HNP1‐3 increased stepwise with disease severity (compensated cirrhosis: 0.3 (0.2–0.4); AD without acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF): 1.9 (1.3–4.8); ACLF‐1: 2.3 (1.8–6.1); ACLF‐2: 5.6 (2.9–12.3); ACLF‐3: 10.3 (5.7–17.2) ng/ml). From the multivariate Cox regression analysis, HNP1‐3 emerged as independent predictors of mortality at 30 and 90 days. Similar results were observed in the subgroup analysis. On ROC analysis, plasma HNP1‐3 showed better predictive accuracy for 30‐ and 90‐day mortality (area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.850 and 0.885, respectively) than the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and similar accuracy as end‐stage liver disease (MELD: 0.881 and 0.874) and chronic liver failure‐sequential organ failure (CLIF‐SOFA: 0.887 and 0.878).ConclusionsPlasma HNP1‐3 levels were closely associated with disease severity and might be used to identify patients with AD at high risk of short‐term mortality.
The Bradyrhizobium japonicum fsrB gene is essential for utilization of structurally diverse ferric siderophores to fulfill its nutritional iron requirement
Authors: Ong Alasteir , O'Brian Mark R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn Bradyrhizobium japonicum, iron uptake from ferric siderophores involves selective outer membrane proteins and non‐selective periplasmic and cytoplasmic membrane components that accommodate numerous structurally diverse siderophores. Free iron traverses the cytoplasmic membrane through the ferrous (Fe2+) transporter system FeoAB, but the other non‐selective components have not been described. Here, we identify fsrB as an iron‐regulated gene required for growth on iron chelates of catecholate‐ and hydroxymate‐type siderophores, but not on inorganic iron. Utilization of the non‐physiological iron chelator EDDHA as an iron source was also dependent on fsrB. Uptake activities of 55Fe3+ bound to ferrioxamine B, ferrichrome or enterobactin were severely diminished in the fsrB mutant compared with the wild type. Growth of the fsrB or feoB strains on ferrichrome were rescued with plasmid‐borne E. coli fhuCDB ferrichrome transport genes, suggesting that FsrB activity occurs in the periplasm rather than the cytoplasm. Whole cells of an fsrB mutant are defective in ferric reductase activity. Both whole cells and spheroplasts catalyzed the demetallation of ferric siderophores that were defective in an fsrB mutant. Collectively, the data support a model whereby FsrB is required for reduction of iron and its dissociation from the siderophore in the periplasm, followed by transport of the ferrous ion into the cytoplasm by FeoAB.
Fly with care: belugas show evasive responses to low altitude drone flights
Authors: Aubin Jaclyn A. , Mikus Marie‐Ana , Michaud Robert , Mennill Dan , Vergara Valeria 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDrones have become an important research tool for studies of cetaceans, providing valuable insights into their ecology and behavior. However, drones are also recognized as a potential source of disturbance to cetaceans, particularly when flown at low altitudes. In this study, we examined the impact of drones on endangered St. Lawrence belugas (Delphinapterus leucas), and reviewed drone studies of cetaceans to identify altitude thresholds linked to disturbance. We repurposed drone footage of free‐living belugas taken at various altitudes, speeds, and angles‐of‐approach, and noted the animals' reactions. Evasive reactions to the drone occurred during 4.3% (22/511) of focal group follows. Belugas were more likely to display sudden dives during low‐altitude flights, particularly flights below 23 m. Sudden dives were also more likely to occur in larger groups and were especially common when a drone first approached a group. We recommend that researchers maintain a lower altitude limit of 25 m in drone‐assisted studies of belugas and approach larger groups with caution. This recommendation is in line with our literature review, which indicates that drone flights above 30 m are unlikely to provoke disturbance among cetaceans.
Prognosis of oral epithelial dysplasia in individuals with and without oral lichen planus
Authors: Pimolbutr Kununya , Lim Woei Tatt , Leeson Rachel , Hopper Colin , Kalavrezos Nicholas , Liew Colin , Schilling Clare , Sinha Deepti , Jay Amrita , Agrawal Reshma , Porter Stephen , Fedele Stefano 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the role of oral lichen planus (OLP) on the long‐term prognosis of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED).MethodsRetrospective single‐centre cohort study using the 2007–2019 database of the Head and Neck Cancer and Oral Medicine units of University College London Hospital. The exposure of interest was the presence of OLP, and the prognostic outcomes included the development of new primary episodes of OED, progression to malignancy and mortality. Cox proportional hazard and Poisson regression models were performed.ResultsA total of 299 patients, of whom 144 had OED arising on the background of OLP (OLP/OED) and 155 had OED without underlying OLP (non‐OLP/OED), were included. A pre‐existing diagnosis of OLP was significantly associated with a twofold increased risk of subsequent primary OED events (HR = 2.02, p = 0.04), which also developed faster (1.46 vs. 2.96 years, p = 0.04) and with more involvement of non‐cancer‐prone sites (p = 0.001) than in the non‐OLP/OED group. There was no difference between groups in the progression to malignancy or mortality.ConclusionsOral lichen planus/OED patients are at higher risk of multiple episodes of primary OED, which can develop faster and at non‐cancer‐prone sites as compared to non‐OLP/OED individuals. Further research is needed to clarify the effects of OLP upon progression to OSCC and mortality.
A view from the clinic – Perspectives from Dutch patients and professionals on high myopia care
Authors: Ravenstijn Monica , du Bois Gerlof , Jansen Ritsert C. , Liu Chang , Luyten Gregorius P. M. , van Leeuwen Redmer , Dickman Mor M. , Reus Nic J. , Yzer Suzanne , Klaver Caroline C. W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeTo understand and compare perspectives of patients and professionals on current ophthalmologic care for high myopia, and to identify challenges and future opportunities.MethodsSelf‐reported data were collected through two online questionnaires. Patient perspective was obtained from highly myopic members of a patient organisation based in the Netherlands using a 17‐item questionnaire consisting of open and multiple‐choice questions regarding personal experience with myopia care. The ophthalmologist perspective was obtained from practising Dutch ophthalmologists with a 12‐item questionnaire of multiple‐choice questions on work‐related demographics, myopia care in daily practice and need for improvement. The response rate for patients was 27% (n = 136/500) and for ophthalmologists, 24% (n = 169/716).ResultsPatients were highly concerned about personal progressive loss of vision (69%) and feared their psychological well‐being (82%) in case this would happen. The quality of performance of care provided by ophthalmologists was rated as excellent or satisfactory by 64% of the patients. These ratings for multidisciplinary care and insurance reimbursement were as low as 28% and 18% respectively. The mean concern among ophthalmologists about the rise in high myopia was 6.9 (SEM 0.1) on a 10‐point scale. Sixty‐nine per cent of the ophthalmologists reported that asymptomatic myopic patients should not be examined regularly at outpatient clinics. Ophthalmologists urged the development of clinical guidelines (74%), but did report (95%) that they informed patients about risk factors and complications. This contrasted with the view of patients, of whom 42% were discontent with information provided by ophthalmologists.ConclusionsThese questionnaires demonstrated that the current clinical care delivered to highly myopic patients is in need of improvement. The expected higher demand for myopia care in the near future requires preferred practice patterns, professionals specifically trained to manage myopic pathology, accurate and comprehensive information exchange and collaboration of in‐ and out‐of‐hospital professionals across the full eye care chain.
Testing the success of palaeontological methods in the delimitation of clam shrimp (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) on extant species
Authors: Hethke Manja , Hartmann Kai , Alberti Matthias , Kutzner Theresa , Schwentner Martin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFossil spinicaudatan taxonomy heavily relies on carapace features (size, shape, ornamentation) and palaeontologists have greatly refined methods to study and describe carapace variability. Whether carapace features alone are sufficient for distinguishing between species of a single genus has remained untested. In our study, we tested common palaeontological methods on 481 individuals of the extant Australian genus Ozestheria that have been previously assigned to ten species based on genetic analysis. All species are morphologically distinct based on geometric morphometrics (p ≤ 0.001), but they occupy overlapping regions in Ozestheria morphospace. Linear discriminant analysis of Fourier shape coefficients reaches a mean model performance of 93.8% correctly classified individuals over all possible 45 pairwise species comparisons. This can be further increased by combining the size and shape datasets. Nine of the ten examined species are clearly sexually dimorphic but male and female morphologies strongly overlap within species with little influence on model performance. Ornamentation is commonly species‐diagnostic; seven ornamentation types are distinguished of which six are species‐specific while one is shared by four species. A transformation of main ornamental features (e.g. from punctate to smooth) can occur among closely related species suggesting short evolutionary timescales. Our overall results support the taxonomic value of carapace features, which should also receive greater attention in the taxonomy of extant species. The extensive variation in carapace shape and ornamentation is noteworthy and several species would probably have been assigned to different genera or families if these had been fossils, bearing implications for the systematics of fossil Spinicaudata.
Truth and imprecision
Authors: Armstrong Josh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOur ordinary assertions are often imprecise, insofar as the way we represent things as being only approximates how things are in the actual world. The phenomenon of assertoric imprecision raises a challenge to standard accounts of both the norm of assertion and the connection between semantics and the objects of assertion. After clarifying these problems in detail, I develop a framework for resolving them. Specifically, I argue that the phenomenon of assertoric imprecision motivates a rejection of the widely held belief that a semantic theory for a language associates a single semantic value with each of the simple and complex expressions of that language, relative to the contexts in which they occur. Instead, I propose that we adopt a framework I call semantic pluralism.
Bias, norms, introspection, and the bias blind spot1
Authors: Kelly Thomas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I sketch a general framework for theorizing about bias and bias attributions. According to the account, paradigmatic cases of bias involve systematic departures from genuine norms. I attempt to show that the account illuminates a number of important psychological phenomena, including: the fact that accusations of bias frequently inspire not only denials but also countercharges of bias (“you only think that I'm biased because you're biased!”); the fact that we tend to see ourselves as less biased than our peers (the so‐called ‘bias blind spot’); and the fact that we tend to see people who share our views as less biased than people who don't. I explore the circumstances in which we're committed to believing that those who disagree with us are not only mistaken but also biased simply because they disagree with us in the way that they do. In addition, the account also sheds light on another notorious and well‐documented psychological phenomenon: the fact that introspection is an unreliable way of detecting our biases. On the account that I offer, the unreliability of introspection for this purpose isn't a contingent fact that depends on the finer details of human psychology but rather holds of necessity: even God could not have made us creatures who reliably detect our own biases by way of introspection.
Response of sorghum lines carrying recently identified brown midrib (bmr) mutations to stalk rot pathogens and water deficit
Authors: Funnell‐Harris Deanna L. , Sattler Scott E. , Toy John J. , O'Neill Patrick M. , Bernhardson Lois F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is drought‐tolerant and has diverse germplasm for food, feed, forage and bioenergy. However, stalk diseases reduce quality and yield of biomass and grain, especially under drought. Previously, brown midrib (bmr) mutations in monolignol biosynthesis were shown to reduce lignin content and alter composition but were not more susceptible to stalk diseases than wild‐type lines. Recently characterized bmr mutations were shown to affect flavonoid biosynthesis (chalcone isomerase; bmr30‐1) or 1‐carbon metabolism (folylpolyglutamate synthase; bmr19‐1107, bmr19‐1168 and bmr19‐1937). Two other mutations, bmr29‐1 and bmr31‐1, have not yet been characterized. The six mutations were incorporated into elite genetic backgrounds (RTx430, BTx623 and BWheatland) to develop near‐isogenic lines containing each mutation. Using peduncle inoculations with Fusarium thapsinum and F. proliferatum (Fusarium stalk rot) and Macrophomina phaseolina (charcoal rot) under well‐watered conditions, most bmr lines were at least as resistant as the corresponding wild type, except for RTx430 bmr19‐1937 that had significantly longer mean lesion lengths when inoculated with M. phaseolina. Based on significantly reduced lesion lengths following inoculations with F. proliferatum and F. thapsinum, respectively, bmr29‐1 and bmr31‐1 lines were screened using basal stalk inoculations under well‐watered and water‐deficit conditions. The bmr lines were at least as resistant as the corresponding wild‐type lines. Wild‐type BTx623 was highly susceptible to M. phaseolina under water deficit, but near‐isogenic bmr29‐1 and bmr31‐1 lines had significantly shorter mean lesion lengths. Incorporation of these mutations can increase resistance to stalk pathogens in cultivar and hybrid development for feed, bioenergy and production of biomass‐based green chemicals.
Comparing regulatory processes in genome editing and autonomous vehicles: How institutional environments shape sociotechnical imaginaries
Authors: Mukherjee Meghna , Posch Konrad , Molina Santiago J. , Taymor Ken , Keller Ann 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study compares the regulation of two emerging technologies, the CRISPR genome‐editing system and Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAV) in the United States. The study draws on 33 in‐depth interviews with innovation and governance experts to study the relationship between their regulatory environments and developing beliefs about these technologies. Using sociotechnical imaginaries as a framework, we explore how social actors envision technologically driven futures and the social order that enables them. These imaginaries are essential to emerging technologies, where experts build a framework of potentialities for innovation still underway. While scholarship has documented how sociotechnical imaginaries arise among policymakers, groups of scientists, state and local stakeholders, and public actors in different countries, less has been said about how regulatory organizations and their actors shape expectations around technologies that are in the early and middle stages of development. This article finds that regulatory institutions shape emerging imaginaries along three related axes: the distribution of authority, technological novelty, and risk. Interviewees negotiate these three contingencies differently based on relevant extant regulatory structures and ideologies, resulting in distinct imaginaries around each technology. CRISPR actors envision genome editing as largely diminishing biomedical harm and eventually suitable for health markets, while CAV actors diverge on whether self‐driving cars alleviate or exacerbate risk and how they may enter roads. That organizational structures and practices of regulation inform broadly held sociotechnical imaginaries bears significance for studies of innovation trajectories, suggesting regulators can take an active role in shaping how risks and benefits of emerging technology are defined.
The Riemann problem for a generalized Burgers equation with spatially decaying sound speed. I Large‐time asymptotics
Authors: Needham David J. , Meyer John C. , Billingham John , Drysdale Catherine 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the classical Riemann problem for a generalized Burgers equation,
with a spatially dependent, nonlinear sound speed, with , which decays algebraically with increasing distance from a fixed spatial origin. When , this reduces to the classical Burgers equation. In this first part of a pair of papers, we focus attention on the large‐time structure of the associated Riemann problem, and obtain its detailed structure, as , via the method of matched asymptotic coordinate expansions (this uses the classical method of matched asymptotic expansions, with the asymptotic parameters being the independent coordinates in the evolution problem; this approach is developed in detail in the monograph of Leach and Needham, as referenced in the text), over all parameter ranges. We identify a significant bifurcation in structure at .
Outcomes and clinical features associated with surgically excised canine salivary gland carcinoma: Amulti‐institutional, retrospective, Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology study
Authors: Bush Kaleigh M. , Grimes Janet A. , Linden Daniel S. , Plavec Tanja , Kessler Martin , Rossanese Matteo , Bennett Barbara , Chadsey Laura , Coggeshall Whitney S. , Matz Brad M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to describe the clinical features, prognostic factors, and outcomes in dogs with surgically treated salivary gland carcinoma.Study designMulti‐institutional retrospective case series.AnimalsSeventy‐two client‐owned dogs from 16 institutions with surgically excised salivary gland carcinoma.MethodsMedical records of dogs undergoing sialoadenectomy from January 1, 2000 to January 1, 2020 were reviewed for signalment, clinical signs, preoperative staging results, preoperative mass evaluation, complications, histopathologic diagnosis, local recurrence, metastatic disease, and survival times. Survival functions were estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier estimator. Factors related to survival were individually tested using the log‐rank test.ResultsThe overall median survival time (MST) associated with salivary carcinoma was 1886 days. Local recurrence occurred in 29/69 (42%) dogs with an overall disease‐free interval (DFI) of 191 days. Metastatic disease occurred in 22/69 (31.9%) dogs, with an overall DFI of 299 days. Lymph node metastasis was present at the time of surgery in 11/38 (28.9%) dogs in which lymphadenectomy was performed at the time of surgery; these dogs had a shorter DFI at 98 days (P = .03) and MST at 248 days (P < .001).ConclusionThe prognosis for dogs with salivary gland carcinoma treated surgically was more favorable than previously reported. Nodal metastasis was a negative prognostic factor for canine salivary gland carcinoma.Clinical significanceSurgical intervention should be considered for dogs with salivary carcinoma.