bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diagnostic value of chest X‐ray scanning by the help of Artificial Intelligence in Heart Failure (ART‐IN‐HF)
Authors: Celik Ahmet , Surmeli Ali Orcun , Demir Mustafa , Esen Kaan , Camsari Ahmet 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundTypical signs of heart failure (HF), like increased cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) and pleural effusion, can be seen on X‐ray. Artificial Intelligence (AI) can help in the early and quicker diagnosis of HF.ObjectivesThe study's goal was to demonstrate that the AI interpretation of chest X‐rays can assist the clinician in diagnosing HF.MethodsPatients older than 45 years were included in the study. The study analyzed 10 100 deidentified outpatient chest X‐rays by AI algorithm. The AI‐generated report was later verified by an independent radiologist. Patients with CTR > 0.5 and pleural effusion were marked as potential HF. Flagged patients underwent confirmatory tests, and those labeled as negative also underwent further investigations to rule out HF.ResultsOut of 10 100, the AI algorithm detected 183 (1.8%) patients with increased CTR and pleural effusion on chest X‐rays. One hundred and six out of 183 underwent diagnostic tests. Eighty‐two (77%) out of 106 were diagnosed with HF according to current guidelines. From the remaining 9917 patients, 106 patients were randomly selected. Nine (8%) out of them were diagnosed with HF. The positive predictive value of AI for diagnosing HF is 77%, and the negative predictive value is 91%. More than half (54.9%) of newly diagnosed patients had HF with preserved ejection fraction.ConclusionHF is a risky condition with nonspecific symptoms that are difficult to diagnose, especially in the early stages. Using AI assistance for X‐ray interpretation can be helpful for early diagnosis of HF especially HF with preserved ejection fraction.
One‐Photon and Two‐Photon Absorption Properties of Multi‐Branched Squaraine Dyes Comprised of Triphenylamine Cores and Ethynylene Linkers
Authors: Nguyen Tay V. , Maeda Takeshi , Matsuyama Tetsuya , Suzuki Naoya , Nakazumi Hiroyuki , Yagi Shigeyuki , Ajayaghosh Ayyappanpillai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe developed multi‐branched π‐conjugated systems using squaraine dyes with triphenylamine cores connected by ethynylene linkers. We investigated the influence of interbranch coupling between squaraine branches on their one‐photon (OPA) and two‐photon absorption (TPA) properties. These dyes with triphenylamine components showed a red‐shifted one‐photon absorption (OPA) compared to the precursor squaraine dyes. Among branched dyes, the lack of apparent splitting or shift in the absorption maxima, even as the absorption intensity increased with the number of chromophores, implies the presence of limited exciton coupling between the squaraine branches. The present squaraine dyes with triphenylamine cores exhibited a moderate TPA compared to the precursor squaraine without the triphenylamine core, due to the extended π‐conjugation. Notably, both the 3‐branched and 2‐branched dyes demonstrated additional enhancement in the TPA response, surpassing that of the monochromophoric counterpart. This resulted in achieving a substantial TPA cross section of up to 3905 GM at 830 nm.
Study on combustion and emission characteristics of a micro‐rotary cam internal combustion engine
Authors: Zhu Hua , Yang Ming , Hao He , Chen Lu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this article, the construction principle of rotary engine and sliding vane internal combustion engine is carefully analyzed, and the concept of micro‐rotary cam internal combustion engine is proposed by integrating and innovating on them. Overall design, theoretical analysis, and model making of miniature rotary cam internal combustion engine and its supporting system. The effects of different air intake modes and different ignition advance angles on the combustion and emission characteristics of internal combustion engines were studied. Through the study of the flow field, combustion and emission characteristics of small rotating internal combustion engines, it is found that the intake form has a great influence on the cylinder smoothness of rotating internal combustion engines. The vortex formed by the end cover inlet air in the middle of the combustion chamber can fully mix the fuel and air in the cylinder, and the mixture is evenly distributed in the combustion chamber to effectively promote the spread of flame. Compared with the surrounding air intake structure, the heat release should be increased by 4.3%, and the total amount of HC and CO generated was 26.8% and 15.7% less, respectively. By studying the turbulent kinetic energy, combustion heat release, peak temperature and pressure in the cylinder, fuel consumption rate and emission characteristics of small rotary internal combustion engine, it is found that when the ignition advance angle of the small rotating internal combustion engine is 5°, the peak pressure in the cylinder is increased by 2.3% compared with other schemes, the fuel consumption rate is high, and the combustion is more complete. In addition, in terms of emission characteristics, the amount of CO and HC generated when the ignition advance angle is 5° are reduced by 35% and 35.3%, respectively.
Agitation and its control on excess pore water pressure and debris‐flow behaviour
Authors: Li Bin , Xu Ze‐Min , Su Xiao , Meng Jing‐Kai , Ye Zi‐Ming , Shi Gui‐E , Wang Chen‐Xi , Tian Lin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExcess water pressure strongly affects the rheology and flow behaviour of debris flows, and the mechanisms for development and persistence of the pressure can be diverse. Using nine experimental slurries prepared with the sediments collected from the deposit of a large‐magnitude debris flow by modifying maximum grain size and solid concentration, the influence of agitation on excess water pressure is investigated with a cylinder apparatus, consisting of a coaxially mounted bucket and impeller driven by a variable‐speed motor. Agitation proceeding in three dynamic stages raises relative excess water pressure (R) by 17%–34% of the peak R in the static stage, showing that agitation can significantly increase excess water pressure. The magnitude of the steady R increases with the level of agitation, which is measured by impeller speed and slurry temperature, and the steady R in a slurry is agitation‐level‐dependent below its potential maximum value. The transfer of particle weight to water in debris flows can occur under zero or very low to extremely low effective stresses. Agitation raises excess water pressure essentially by promoting dispersion of the finest‐grained grains in water and that of progressively larger grains in gradually coarser‐grained slurries. The flow resistance of the tested slurries, characterized by net torque exerted on the impeller by the motor, decreases with increasing liquefaction ratio, demonstrating that agitation enhances debris‐flow mobility by raising excess water pressure. It is of importance to dampen agitation by building proper mitigation measures in remedial practices.
Early detection of potential landslides along high‐speed railway lines: A pressing issue
Authors: Zhu Yaru , Qiu Haijun , Cui Peng , Liu Zijing , Ye Bingfeng , Yang Dongdong , Kamp Ulrich 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEarly detection of landslides is important for prevention and mitigation of landslide disasters. Especially, accurately identifying potential landslides along high‐speed railway is becoming a pressing issue for operation safety of high‐speed railway. Here, 161 Sentinel‐1A satellite images from March 2017 to September 2022 were acquired to detect potential landslides along the Lanzhou‐Urumqi high‐speed railway (LUHR) in Qinghai. Results show that rainfall is the main cause for the transition from secondary creep (steady state) to tertiary creep (accelerated) at the Jiujiawan landslide. The hot spot analysis method was used to cluster the average line‐of‐sight deformation velocity along the LUHR, effectively extracting five deformation zones that may pose a threat. Optical satellite image analysis revealed four potential landslides and one unstable slope. Furthermore, the rescaled range analysis documented that the Hurst exponent is greater than 0.8 for all four potential landslide instability points, implying that the identified potential landslide areas are still in motion and may pose a threat to the operation of the LUHR. On this basis, we propose a framework for early identification and monitoring of landslides along the high‐speed railway lines that supports landslide hazard managing with the goal to reduce landslide risk.
Astrocytic FoxO1 in the hypothalamus regulates metabolic homeostasis by coordinating neuropeptide Y neuron activity
Authors: Doan Khanh Van , Tran Le Trung , Yang Dong Joo , Ha Thu Thi Anh , Mai Thi Dang , Kim Seul Ki , DePinho Ronald A. , Shin Dong‐Min , Choi Yun‐Hee , Kim Ki Woo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FoxO1) is expressed ubiquitously throughout the central nervous system, including in astrocytes, the most prevalent glial cell type in the brain. While the role of FoxO1 in hypothalamic neurons in controlling food intake and energy balance is well‐established, the contribution of astrocytic FoxO1 in regulating energy homeostasis has not yet been determined. In the current study, we demonstrate the essential role of hypothalamic astrocytic FoxO1 in maintaining normal neuronal activity in the hypothalamus and whole‐body glucose metabolism. Inhibition of FoxO1 function in hypothalamic astrocytes shifts the cellular metabolism from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, enhancing astrocyte ATP production and release meanwhile decreasing astrocytic export of lactate. As a result, specific deletion of astrocytic FoxO1, particularly in the hypothalamus, causes a hyperactivation of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y neurons, which leads to an increase in acute feeding and impaired glucose regulation and ultimately results in diet‐induced obesity and systemic glucose dyshomeostasis.
Blood C‐peptide concentration as a proxy marker of cardiovascular disease: An observational cross‐sectional study
Authors: Adusu‐Donkor Laurinda , Ofori Emmanuel Kwaku , Kotey Fleischer C. N. , Dogodzi Francis Kwaku , Dziedzorm Wormenor , Buabeng Alfred , Bernard Segla Kwame , Amponsah Seth K. , Asare‐Anane Henry 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the leading causes of disability and early death in sub‐Saharan Africa. Most of the current blood tests for CVD diagnosis involve performing about three test profiles; often at additional cost to patients. C‐peptide, a cleavage product of proinsulin, is a promising marker that has the potential to serve as a proxy marker for diagnosing CVDs in resource‐poor settings.MethodologyThe study was an observational cross‐sectional one and involved 127 consenting persons diagnosed with CVD and 127 individuals without CVD. The socio‐demographic and clinical characteristics of participants were obtained. Blood levels of C‐peptide, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total creatinine kinase (CK), creatine kinase myocardial bound (CKMB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), propeptide of brain natriuretic peptide (PBNP), Troponin T, lipids, and biomarkers of kidney and liver function were analyzed using ELISA and an automated analyzer. Insulin resistance was computed using the modified homeostatic model assessment (HOMA‐IR).ResultsThe CVD Group had significantly higher levels of C‐peptide, CK, CKMB, troponin T, PBNP, FPG, HOMA‐IR, and several selected kidney, liver, and lipid parameters compared to the non‐CVD Group (p < 0.05 for all). Troponin T recorded a positive correlation (r = 0.34,p < 0.001) with C‐peptide among the CVD Group. The sensitivity and specificity of C‐peptide in identifying CVD were 96.1% and 91.3% respectively (area under the curve = 0.938,p < 0.001).ConclusionC‐peptide levels were higher in the CVD Group and appeared to be a valuable (high sensitivity and specificity) biomarker in detecting CVD.
A 10‐year longitudinal study of dental students’ emotional intelligence and the impact of COVID‐19
Authors: Farah‐Franco Sandra M. , Taylor Leo C. , Rowan Sean Z. , Andrews Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurpose/objectivesEmotional intelligence (EI) supports the clinical and social competencies of a practicing dentist. Reuven Bar‐On's EI model is an array of inter‐related emotional and social competencies, skills, and behaviors, which consist of five key domains: Self‐Perception, Self‐Expression, Interpersonal, Decision Making, and Stress Management, and associated with the domains are 15 emotional quotient (EQ) subskills. This study measured the impact of COVID‐19 on dental students' EI by comparing measures pre‐COVID‐19 and during COVID‐19 matriculation.MethodsThis retrospective longitudinal study measured EI with the EQ‐i 2.0 for higher education. Dental students completed an EQ‐i 2.0 assessment (Attempt) at the beginning of matriculation, at the mid‐point, and prior to graduation. Ten groups were included, of which the first three completed matriculation prior to the pandemic and the remaining seven matriculated during timeframes intersecting at different times during the pandemic. A paired t‐test dependent sample of means (p ≤ 0.05) compared EQ scores for each attempt for all groups. The study compared means for three EQ attempts with the t‐test independent sample of means (p ≤ 0.05) for cohorts matriculating pre‐COVID‐19 and during COVID‐19.ResultsThe pre‐COVID‐19 groups showed significant increases in EQ with each subsequent attempt. COVID‐19‐impacted groups demonstrated significant increase in Stress Tolerance and significant decreases, most notably in the domains of Interpersonal and Self‐Perception, and subscales of Optimism and Happiness.Conclusion(s)COVID‐19‐related stressors impacted dental students’ EI as multiple EI areas declined significantly. Dental educators should minimize organizational stressors and support EI during years 2 and 3 of matriculation.
Corneal damage threshold induced by supercontinuum source: A further study
Authors: Jiao Luguang , Wang Chao , Wang Jiarui , Yang Zaifu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesPrevious report shows that corneal spot size is an important influence factor on damage threshold induced by supercontinumm (SC) source. However, damage thresholds were determined for the spot size of only 0.37 mm due to the low output of the employed SC source at that time. The objectives of this study are to determine the lowest possible corneal damage threshold at a large corneal spot size using a more powerful SC source and provide data for the future possible refinements of laser safety standards.Materials and MethodsA series of experiments was conducted in the New Zealand white rabbit model to determine the corneal damage threshold induced by a 900–2000 nm SC source, with corneal 1/e beam diameter of about 1.2 mm. Slit‐lamp biomicroscope was employed to reveal the corneal damage characteristics. By employing the action spectra determined through the analysis of current laser safety guidelines and standards, the effective damage threshold could be calculated.ResultsThe determined damage threshold given in terms of the peak radiant exposure for the exposure duration of 0.14 s was 44.3 J/cm2. At threshold level, corneal damages involved the epithelium and the shallower stroma. The safety factor between the effective damage threshold and the corresponding maximum permissible exposure (MPE) was about 45.ConclusionsPresent corneal MPEs in the wavelength range of 700–1200 nm may be conservative and corneal damage thresholds for the infrared A wavelengths should be determined in future studies.
Deep learning‐based fast denoising of Monte Carlo dose calculation in carbon ion radiotherapy
Authors: Zhang Xinyang , Zhang Hui , Wang Jian , Ma Yuanyuan , Liu Xinguo , Dai Zhongying , He Rui , He Pengbo , Li Qiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPlan verification is one of the important steps of quality assurance (QA) in carbon ion radiotherapy. Conventional methods of plan verification are based on phantom measurement, which is labor‐intensive and time‐consuming. Although the plan verification method based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulation provides a more accurate modeling of the physics, it is also time‐consuming when simulating with a large number of particles. Therefore, how to ensure the accuracy of simulation results while reducing simulation time is the current difficulty and focus.PurposeThe purpose of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of using deep learning‐based MC denoising method to accelerate carbon‐ion radiotherapy plan verification.MethodsThree models, including CycleGAN, 3DUNet and GhostUNet with Ghost module, were used to denoise the 1 × 106 carbon ions‐based MC dose distribution to the accuracy of 1 × 108 carbon ions‐based dose distribution. The CycleGAN's generator, 3DUNet and GhostUNet were all derived from the 3DUNet network. A total of 59 cases including 29 patients with head‐and‐neck cancers and 30 patients with lung cancers were collected, and 48 cases were randomly selected as the training set of the CycleGAN network and six cases as the test set. For the 3DUNet and GhostUNet models, the numbers of training set, validation set, and test set were 47, 6, and 6, respectively. Finally, the three models were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively using RMSE and three‐dimensional gamma analysis (3 mm, 3%).ResultsThe three end‐to‐end trained models could be used for denoising the 1 × 106 carbon ions‐based dose distribution, and their generalization was proved. The GhostUNet obtained the lowest RMSE value of 0.075, indicating the smallest difference between its denoised and 1 × 108 carbon ions‐based dose distributions. The average gamma passing rate (GPR) between the GhostUNet denoising‐based versus 1 × 108 carbon ions‐based dose distributions was 99.1%, higher than that of the CycleGAN at 94.3% and the 3DUNet at 96.2%. Among the three models, the GhostUNet model had the fewest parameters (4.27 million) and the shortest training time (99 s per epoch) but achieved the best denoising results.ConclusionThe end‐to‐end deep network GhostUNet outperforms the CycleGAN, 3DUNet models in denoising MC dose distributions for carbon ion radiotherapy. The network requires less than 5 s to denoise a sample of MC simulation with few particles to obtain a qualitative and quantitative result comparable to the dose distribution simulated by MC with relatively large number particles, offering a significant reduction in computation time.
Structure‐preserving methods for a coupled port‐Hamiltonian system of compressible non‐isothermal fluid flow
Authors: Hauschild Sarah‐Alexa , Marheineke Nicole 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe port‐Hamiltonian (pH) formulation of partial‐differential equations and their numerical treatment have been elaborately studied lately. One advantage of pH‐systems is that fundamental physical properties, like energy dissipation and mass conservation, are encoded in the system structure. Therefore, structure‐preservation is most important during all stages of approximation and system coupling. In this context we consider the non‐isothermal flow of a compressible fluid through a network of pipes. Based on a pH‐formulation of Euler‐type equations on one pipe, we introduce coupling conditions, through which we can realize energy, mass and entropy conservation at the coupling nodes and thus, preserve the pH‐structure. We implement them through an input‐output‐coupling using the flow and effort variables of the boundary port. Thus, we can make use of the structure‐preserving model and complexity reduction techniques for the single pipe. This procedure becomes even more important for network simulations, as here, we deal with high dimensional and highly non‐linear dynamical systems. We explain the extension from a single pipe to a network and numerical examples are shown to support our findings.
SBFEM with reduced modal basis for hydrodynamic bearings
Authors: Pfeil Simon , Song Chongmin , Woschke Elmar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe numerical effort of transient rotordynamic simulations is often dominated by the computation of nonlinear hydrodynamic bearing forces. These forces are described by the Reynolds equation and need to be computed at every time step. Usually, numerical models, analytical approximations, or look‐up table techniques are employed, depending on the desired tradeoff between accuracy and computational cost. In recent studies, a semi‐analytical approach based on the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) has been developed as an efficient alternative to these methods. The partial differential equation is transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations, leading to an eigenvalue problem. Here, the numerical effort can be further decreased by means of a modal reduction, which is investigated in this study. The shaft eccentricity determines the smoothness of the hydrodynamic pressure field and is identified as an adequate indicator as to what subset of eigenvalues and eigenvectors should be considered in the solution.
Production and tribological performance under sliding contact conditions of zirconia and reduced graphene oxide loaded polymer nanocomposites for biomedical applications
Authors: Singh Devendra Kumar , Verma Rajesh Kumar , Singh Vinay Pratap , Mishra Sanjay 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis work targets the production of novel biomaterials and an optimized process to disperse Zirconia (ZrO2) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in the ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) matrix. The mechanical and wear performance of the developed samples were evaluated through compression and tribological tests utilizing a bio‐tribometer. The developed samples are tested under simulated body fluid (SBF) lubricating media. In particular, the hybrid material is made of 5 wt% zirconia and 1 wt% rGO have an enhanced compression modulus of 0.29 GPa. This indicates a 26.08% improvement over pristine UHMWPE. Besides this, the compressive strength of this hybrid material is about 46.75% higher than that of pristine UHMWPE. The gray theory provided optimum settings as 1 wt% rGO and 5 wt% ZrO2 fillers are loading with 60 N load and 900 sec cycle time. The long‐range organized lamellar structures and microfibers were formed between the crystals with the help of the graphene layers. The inclusion of rGO nanofillers (1 wt%) and zirconia improve the wear resistance, which signifies the best‐desired values for coefficient of friction (Cf) and Specific wear rate (Wr). Improved loading conditions for prosthetics and implant components are possible with modified UHMWPE.Highlights
This work highlights the tribological performances of hybrid nanocomposites.
The effect of rGO and ceramic (ZrO2) nanofillers on UHMWPE was examined.
Zirconia/rGO enhanced bio‐inert, wear‐resistant and biocompatibility.
Compared to pristine, 1 wt% rGO and 5 wt% ZrO2 sample shows better results.
Orthopedic and dental prostheses may be made using hybrid nanocomposite.