bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A global survey on national standard care for newborn bathing
Authors: Kido Minako , Yonezawa Kaori , Haruna Megumi , Tahara‐Sasagawa Emi , Usui Yuriko 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo describe national standard care for newborn bathing and its influential factors.MethodsA global survey was conducted using a web‐based questionnaire. The targeted countries were 166 member countries of either the International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) or the International Council of Nurses (ICN). An eligible person included someone well informed of midwifery education/training or neonatal care, including newborn bathing, in their country. To examine the factors associated with the standard care for newborn bathing, information on mean annual temperature, precipitation, gross domestic product per capita, and basic water coverage was collected as external factors. Student's t tests and Chi‐square tests were used for analysis.ResultsCare standards were identified in 46 countries: seven from Africa, eight from the Americas, 15 from Asia, 14 from Europe, and two from Oceania. In most countries, newborns were bathed with warm water in a tub within 10 min. Bathing frequency, moisturization, and use of soap or cleanser varied by country. There were significant associations between bathing frequency and temperature and between moisturization and precipitation.ConclusionThe national standard care for newborn bathing in each country was unique. Standard bathing care was associated with the climate. More consideration should be given to the differences in standard care for newborn bathing between countries when interpreting existing studies and conducting future studies on neonatal skin care.
Mind the gender gap: Inequalities in the emergent professions of artificial intelligence (AI) and data science
Authors: Young Erin , Wajcman Judy , Sprejer Laila 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe emergence of new prestigious professions in data science and artificial intelligence (AI) provide a rare opportunity to explore the gendered dynamics of technical careers as they are being formed. In this paper, we contribute to the literature on gender inequality in digital work by curating and analysing a unique cross‐country data set. We use innovative data science methodology to investigate the nature of work and skills in these under‐researched fields. Our research finds persistent disparities in jobs, qualifications, seniority, industry, attrition and even self‐confidence in these fields. We identify structural inequality in data and AI, with career trajectories of professionals differentiated by gender, reflecting the broader history of computing. Our work is original in illuminating gendering processes within elite high‐tech jobs as they are being configured. Paying attention to these nascent fields is crucial if we are to ensure that women take their rightful place at forefront of technological innovation.
Sex‐based differences in cardiac resynchronization therapy upgrade and outcome for patients with pacemaker and new‐onset heart failure
Authors: Rorsman Cecilia , Farouq Maiwand , Marinko Sofia , Mörtsell David , Chaudhry Uzma , Wang Lingwei , Borgquist Rasmus 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with chronic right ventricular (RV) pacing are at an increased risk of heart failure. Previous studies have indicated that cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is underused in this setting, and that there may be sex‐based differences in both CRT use and clinical outcome.ObjectiveTo evaluate sex‐based differences in CRT use and clinical outcome for patients with new‐onset heart failure post RV pacing.MethodsData from the Swedish pacemaker registry was matched with data from the national death and disease registries. Patients with de novo pacemaker implant due to AV block during the period 2005–2020 were included. New‐onset heart‐failure within two years post‐implant was evaluated, primary outcome was all‐cause mortality.ResultsIn all, 30183 patients (37% female) were included. Women were on average 3 years older, but had less comorbidities than men. Median follow‐up time was 4.5 [2.0–8.0] years. Women had better age‐ and comorbidity‐adjusted survival (HR 0.78 [0.73–0.84], p < .001). For the 3560 patients (12.4% men and 10.7% women, p < .001) who were diagnosed with new‐onset heart failure, 5‐year mortality was similar for men and women (50% vs. 48%, p = .29). However, women were less likely to receive CRT‐upgrade (3.8% vs. 9.1%, p < .001), and those who did were almost ten years younger than the men.ConclusionWomen with pacemaker due to AV block are older but have less comorbidities than men. They are less likely to develop new‐onset heart failure, but also less likely to receive a CRT upgrade if they do develop heart failure. Increased awareness of the positive effects of CRT upgrade and potential sex‐ and age‐based discrimination is warranted.
Wood‐density has no effect on stomatal control of leaf‐level water use efficiency in an Amazonian forest
Authors: Lamour Julien , Souza Daisy C. , Gimenez Bruno O. , Higuchi Niro , Chave Jérôme , Chambers Jeffrey , Rogers Alistair 
Published: August 2023

AbstractForest disturbances increase the proportion of fast‐growing tree species compared to slow‐growing ones. To understand their relative capacity for carbon uptake and their vulnerability to climate change, and to represent those differences in Earth system models, it is necessary to characterise the physiological differences in their leaf‐level control of water use efficiency and carbon assimilation. We used wood density as a proxy for the fast‐slow growth spectrum and tested the assumption that trees with a low wood density (LWD) have a lower water‐use efficiency than trees with a high wood density (HWD). We selected 5 LWD tree species and 5 HWD tree species growing in the same location in an Amazonian tropical forest and measured in situ steady‐state gas exchange on top‐of‐canopy leaves with parallel sampling and measurement of leaf mass area and leaf nitrogen content. We found that LWD species invested more nitrogen in photosynthetic capacity than HWD species, had higher photosynthetic rates and higher stomatal conductance. However, contrary to expectations, we showed that the stomatal control of the balance between transpiration and carbon assimilation was similar in LWD and HWD species and that they had the same dark respiration rates.
Underground hyperspectral outcrop scanning for automated mine‐face mapping: The lithium deposit of Zinnwald/Cínovec
Authors: Kirsch Moritz , Mavroudi Maria , Thiele Sam , Lorenz Sandra , Tusa Laura , Booysen René , Herrmann Erik , Fatihi Ayoub , Möckel Robert , Dittrich Thomas , Gloaguen Richard 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe inherent complexity of underground mining requires highly selective ore extraction and adaptive mine planning. Repeated geological face mapping and reinterpretation throughout mine life is therefore routine in underground mines. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has successfully been applied to enhance geological mapping in surface mining environments, but remains a largely unexplored opportunity in underground operations due to challenges associated with illumination, wet surfaces and data corrections. In this study, we propose a workflow that paves the way for the operational use of HSI in active underground mines. In a laboratory set‐up, we evaluated different hyperspectral sensors and lighting set‐ups as well as the effect of surface moisture. We then acquired hyperspectral data in an underground mine of the Zinnwald/Cínovec Sn‐W‐Li greisen‐type deposit in Germany. These data were corrected for illumination effects, back‐projected into three dimensions and then used to map mineral abundance and estimate Li content across the mine face. We validated the results with handheld laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy. Despite remaining challenges, we hope this study will help establish hyperspectral sensors in the extractive industry as a means to increase the volume and efficiency of raw material supply, advance digitalisation, and reduce the environmental footprint and other risks associated with underground mining.
Finding the right products for export diversification
Authors: Yenilmez Taylan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Ricardian comparative advantage model suggests doing what you are best at. Meanwhile, many development experiences resulted in producing the impossible. Do the two prescriptions lead to an antagonism that the industrial policy must side by one? Or can industrial policy consider the current comparative advantage while aiming for significant changes in the export basket? This paper answers yes by suggesting a path to transformation through the tracks of current comparative advantage. I use the Product Space network to define the two attributes of a product: New products closer to the existing comparative advantage are easier to include in the export basket. On the other hand, central products in the core of the product space might be far from the export basket, but once added, they contribute more to the transformation and further diversification. Hence, a trade‐off exists between the proximity of a new product to the current export basket and its contribution to further diversification and transformation. I offer industrial policymakers to use a combination of product nearness and centrality. A policymaker seeking a gradual and secure transformation can prioritize nearness, while centrality can be given greater weight for rapid transformations.
Comparison of brain functional response to mechanical prickling stimuli to the glabrous and hairy skin
Authors: Wang Qicai , Tao Yuan , Sun Tao , Yuan Jie , Ao Jiayu , Hong Xinghua , Jin Zimin , Zeng Fangmeng , Lei Yutian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundA kind of prickle sensation, which is a composite feeling of pain and itch, can be evoked by mechanical stimulation of fiber ends from fabric surface against to human hairy skin, rather than glabrous skin. Now, a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was conducted to investigate the cognitive differences in the brain for mechanical prickling stimuli to the two types of skin.Materials and MethodsA nylon filament with the diameter of 205 μm and the length of 8 mm was used to deliver mechanical prickling stimuli respectively to two skin sites, fingertip (glabrous skin) and volar forearm (hairy skin), of eight healthy male subjects. Simultaneously, the technology of fMRI was adopted to acquire BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level‐Dependent) signals of brain functional response of the subjects.ResultsSomatosensory areas, emotional areas, and the posterior parietal cortex (especially the precuneus) are important brain regions that distinguish between the two conditions. The representation of mechanical prickling stimulation to glabrous skin in the brain favors much more the tactile information of the stimulation and contains no itch, while the key brain area, precuneus, involved in itch was activated by the same mechanical prickling stimulation to hairy skin, and brain response for the condition of hairy skin contains more emotional information, which plays an important role in pain processing.ConclusionTherefore, it can be inferred that a kind of stronger prickle sensation, which contains both pain and itch, was evoked by mechanical stimulation to hairy skin than glabrous skin.
Standardization of canine meningioma grading: Validation of new guidelines for reproducible histopathologic criteria
Authors: Belluco Sara , Marano Giuseppe , Lurier Thibaut , Avallone Giancarlo , Brachelente Chiara , Di Palma Stefano , Rasotto Roberta , Baiker Kerstin , Beineke Andreas , Oevermann Anna , Seehusen Frauke , de Sant'Ana Fabiano José Ferreira , Boracchi Patrizia , Pumarola Martí , Mandara Maria Teresa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCanine meningiomas are currently graded using the human grading system. Recently published guidelines have adapted the human grading system for use in dogs. The goal of this study was to validate the new guidelines for canine meningiomas. To evaluate the inter‐observer agreement, 5 veterinary surgical pathologists graded 158 canine meningiomas following the human grading system alone or with the new guidelines. The inter‐observer agreement for histologic grade and each of the grading criteria (mitotic grade, invasion, spontaneous necrosis, macronucleoli, small cells, hypercellularity, pattern loss and anaplasia) was evaluated using the Fleiss kappa index. The diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) was assessed by comparing the diagnoses obtained with the 2 grading systems with a consensus grade (considered the reference classification). The consensus histologic grade was obtained by agreement between 4 experienced veterinary neuropathologists following the guidelines. Compared with the human grading alone, the canine‐specific guidelines increased the inter‐observer agreement for: histologic grade (κ = 0.52); invasion (κ = 0.67); necrosis (κ = 0.62); small cells (κ = 0.36); pattern loss (κ = 0.49) and anaplasia (κ = 0.55). Mitotic grade agreement remained substantial (κ = 0.63). The guidelines improved the sensitivity in identifying grade 1 (95.6%) and the specificity in identifying grade 2 (96.2%) meningiomas. In conclusion, the new grading guidelines for canine meningiomas are associated with an overall improvement in the inter‐observer agreement and higher diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing grade 1 and grade 2 meningiomas.
Lateral ear canal resection and bulla osteotomy with marsupialization to treat otitis media in rabbits: forty‐eight procedures
Authors: Monge Emma , Donnelly Thomas M. , Coutant Thomas , Bennett R. Avery , Pignon Charly 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveDescribe lateral ear canal resection and bulla osteotomy with marsupialization (LECARBOM) in rabbits with otitis media (OM), and report outcomes, complications, bacteria cultured from middle ears, and their antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results.Study designRetrospective clinical case series; single referral hospital.AnimalsForty‐two rabbits with naturally occurring OM.MethodsMedical records (2011–2021) of rabbits with CT‐confirmed OM undergoing surgery were reviewed for outcomes, complications, bacteria cultured from middle ears, and AST.ResultsSurgery was performed on 48 ears, and outcomes determined 21 days postoperatively. All rabbits survived the procedure. Otitis externa resolved in all lop‐eared rabbits. Of 29 ears with OM‐associated head tilt, eight (28%) resolved, nine (31%) improved, seven (24%) remained unchanged and five (17%) worsened. Outcome was not associated with head tilt duration nor OM severity. Postoperative complications occurred in 12 (25%) cases, seven of which had wound margin dehiscence that healed by 21 days. The most frequent bacteria isolated were Pasteurella multocida (16%), Bordetella bronchiseptica (14%) and Staphylococcus aureus (14%). Bacteria were sensitive to azithromycin, marbofloxacin or enrofloxacin and resistant to penicillin.ConclusionLECARBOM is a well‐tolerated surgical procedure to treat OM. It also improved or stabilized 83% of cases with head tilt and resolved all cases with otitis externa.Clinical significanceLECARBOM with administration of an AST‐sensitive antibiotic, or azithromycin when no AST is performed, should be effective in rabbits with OM. Postsurgically, it resolves or alleviates most secondary conditions such as otitis externa, head tilt and facial nerve paralysis.
Combining RADseq and contact zone analysis to decipher cryptic diversification in reptiles: Insights from the Spiny‐footed Lizard (Reptilia, Lacertidae)
Authors: Doniol‐Valcroze Paul , Rancilhac Loïs , Brito José‐Carlos , Miralles Aurélien , Geniez Philippe , Benoit Laure , Loiseau Anne , Leblois Raphaël , Dufresnes Christophe , Crochet Pierre‐André 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUncertainties on species taxonomy and distribution are major factors hampering efficient conservation planning in the current context of biodiversity erosion, even concerning widespread and abundant species in relatively well‐studied regions. Species delimitation have long been based on phylogenetic analyses of a small number of standard markers, but accurate lineage identification through this approach can be hampered by incomplete lineage sorting, introgression or isolation by distance. In that context, analyses of introgression patterns at secondary contact zones offer an interesting alternative by allowing a direct estimation of reproductive isolation, especially when using genome‐wide markers. Here, we investigated a contact zone between two genetic groups of the Spiny‐footed Lizard Acanthodactylus erythrurus (Schinz, 1833) in Morocco, whose status as separate lineages remained disputed in previous multilocus studies. Based on thousands of genome‐wide markers obtained through a RADseq approach, we confirmed that they represent distinct evolutionary lineages. Furthermore, the transition at their contact zone was very steep, with spatially restricted gene flow, highlighting levels of reproductive isolation consistent with species‐level lineages. Our study further illustrates the power of RADseq‐based studies of contact zones to understand cryptic diversity in non‐model organisms.
Cervical Column and Cord and Column Responses in Whiplash With Stenosis: A Finite Element Modeling Study
Authors: Yoganandan Narayan , Harinathan Balaji , Vedantam Aditya 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Spine degeneration is a normal aging process. It may lead to stenotic spines that may have implications for pain and quality of life. The diagnosis is based on clinical symptomatology and imaging. Magnetic resonance images often reveal the nature and degree of stenosis of the spine. Stenosis is concerning to clinicians and patients because of the decreased space in the spinal canal and potential for elevated risk of cord and/or osteoligamentous spinal column injuries. Numerous finite element models of the cervical spine have been developed to study the biomechanics of the osteoligamentous column such as range of motion and vertebral stress; however, spinal cord modeling is often ignored. The objective of this study was to determine the external column and internal cord and disc responses of stenotic spines using finite element modeling. A validated model of the subaxial spinal column was used. The osteoligamentous column was modified to include the spinal cord. Mild, moderate, and severe degrees of stenosis commonly identified in civilian populations were simulated at C5–C6. The column-cord model was subjected to postero-anterior acceleration at T1. The range of motion, disc pressure, and cord stress–strain were obtained at the index and superior and inferior adjacent levels of the stenosis. The external metric representing the segmental motion was insensitive while the intrinsic disc and cord variables were more sensitive, and the index level was more affected by stenosis. These findings may influence surgical planning and patient education in personalized medicine.
Asymmetric Features of the Flow Past a Circular Cylinder Near a Moving Wall
Authors: Kim Hyo Ju , Kim Yeoun Joo , Lee Sang Bong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We numerically investigated two-dimensional laminar flow past a circular cylinder near a moving wall for Reynolds numbers ranging from 60–200. The gap-to-diameter ratio (G/D) between the cylinder and wall varied from 0.2–10. We studied the enhancement of the gap-induced asymmetric flow, which leads to the transition of the dominant frequency of the drag coefficient, and its association with vortical development. Harmonic analysis of the drag coefficient was performed to estimate the contributions of ω and 2ω to the periodic fluctuation of the drag coefficient, where ω is the lift force frequency. The first harmonic, which represented the primary characteristics of the pressure coefficient, was significantly more affected by the gap than the second harmonic. We found that the simultaneous combination of the harmonic components acting on the upper and lower sides of the cylinder determined the dominant frequency of the gap-induced asymmetric flow. Typical features of a gap-induced asymmetric flow are shown in the instantaneous trace of the pressure fluctuation. This revealed that the negative pressure fluctuations induced by the gap effect on the lower side were stronger than those on the upper side. This leads to a shift in the position of the zero first harmonic amplitude, ultimately resulting in a phase difference between the two sides. Finally, the dominant frequency transition of the drag coefficient occurred at smaller gaps as the Reynolds number increased.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome in a Collegiate Ice Hockey Player: A Case Report
Authors: Berardo Anthony , Friedman Jacob , Arlis-Mayor Stephanie , Diakogeorgiou Eleni 
Published: August 2023

A 22-year-old male ice hockey player reported days of worsening bilateral upper-extremity weakness, hand tremors, and difficulty grasping his stick. Subjective information included sleeping in a “curled-up” position due to lack of heat in their residence. Provocation tests and imagining studies were positive for thoracic outlet syndrome. Primary treatment focused on decreasing stress on the anterior chest wall while secondary treatment focused on strengthening the posterior thorax to improve posture. Emphasis is given to core stability and scapular mobility. Removal from sport never occurred, but symptom alleviation occurred after 3 weeks. Thoracic outlet syndrome can be resolved quickly if proper recognition and adequate treatment are utilized. Athletic trainers fill a sociomedical role for their patients and should perform patient-centered care rather than tunnel vision on the pathology.
Taking Care of Toxicity: Challenges and Strategies for Inclusion in U.S. Collegiate Esports Programs
Authors: Cote Amanda C. , Wilson Andrew , Hansen Jared , Harris Brandon C. , Rahman Md Waseq Ur , Can Onder , Fickle Tara , Foxman Maxwell 
Published: August 2023

Collegiate esports programs are rapidly expanding across the United States, offering a meaningful location in which to study diversity, equity, and inclusion. Because educational institutions must legally provide equal opportunities for all students, collegiate esports programs may need to avoid gaming culture’s longstanding tendency toward toxic behavior and language. At the same time, it is unclear whether or how effectively collegiate programs currently promote diversity, equity, and inclusion, necessitating further exploration. Drawing on 31 in-depth interviews with collegiate esports players, program directors, tournament organizers, and members of related student support organizations, this research identifies four challenges that collegiate esports programs currently face when trying to prevent toxicity and encourage broader cultures of care and inclusion: (a) ambiguous definitions of “toxicity,” (b) its normalization, (c) unclear reporting/response mechanisms for those facing harassment, and (d) the collegiate esports community’s insularity. We discuss each of these themes and their impacts individually, then provide initial recommendations for esports programs hoping to better care for their students.