bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetation Representation Influences Projected Streamflow Changes in the Colorado River Basin
Authors: Currier William Ryan , Wood Andrew W. , Mizukami Naoki , Nijssen Bart , Hamman Joseph J. , Gutmann Ethan D. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Vegetation parameters for the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model were recently updated using observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Previous work showed that these MODIS-based parameters improved VIC evapotranspiration simulations when compared to eddy covariance observations. Due to the importance of evapotranspiration within the Colorado River basin, this study provided a basin-by-basin calibration of VIC soil parameters with updated MODIS-based vegetation parameters to improve streamflow simulations. Interestingly, while both configurations had similar historic streamflow performance, end-of-century hydrologic projections, driven by 29 downscaled global climate models under the RCP8.5 emissions scenario, differed between the two configurations. The calibrated MODIS-based configuration had an ensemble mean that simulated little change in end-of-century annual streamflow volume (+0.4%) at Lees Ferry, Arizona, relative to the historical period (1960–2005). In contrast, the previous VIC configuration, which is used to inform decisions about future water resources in the Colorado River basin, projected an 11.7% decrease in annual streamflow. Both VIC configurations simulated similar amounts of evapotranspiration in the historical period. However, the MODIS-based VIC configuration did not show as much of an increase in evapotranspiration by the end of the century, primarily within the upper basin’s forested areas. Differences in evapotranspiration projections were the result of the MODIS-based vegetation parameters having lower leaf area index values and less forested area compared to previous vegetation estimates used in recent Colorado River basin hydrologic projections. These results highlight the need to accurately characterize vegetation and better constrain climate sensitivities in hydrologic models.

Significance Statement
Understanding systemic changes in annual Colorado River basin flows is critical for managing long-term reservoir levels. Single-digit percentage decreases have the potential to degrade the regions’ water supply, hydropower generation, and environmental concerns. Hydrology projections under climate change have largely been based on simulations from the Variable Infiltration Capacity model. Updating the model’s vegetation representation based on updated satellite information highlighted the sensitivity of the hydrologic projections to the models’ vegetation representation primarily within forested areas. This updated model did not increase in evapotranspiration by the end of the century as much as previous simulations. This increased the mean and ensemble spread of the projected streamflow changes, emphasizing the need to properly characterize the hydrologic model’s vegetation parameters and better constrain model climate sensitivity.
A Three-Dimensional Hail Trajectory Clustering Technique
Authors: Adams-Selin Rebecca D. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Recent advances in hail trajectory modeling regularly produce datasets containing millions of hail trajectories. Because hail growth within a storm cannot be entirely separated from the structure of the trajectories producing it, a method to condense the multidimensionality of the trajectory information into a discrete number of features analyzable by humans is necessary. This article presents a three-dimensional trajectory clustering technique that is designed to group trajectories that have similar updraft-relative structures and orientations. The new technique is an application of a two-dimensional method common in the data mining field. Hail trajectories (or “parent” trajectories) are partitioned into segments before they are clustered using a modified version of the density-based spatial applications with noise (DBSCAN) method. Parent trajectories with segments that are members of at least two common clusters are then grouped into parent trajectory clusters before output. This multistep method has several advantages. Hail trajectories with structural similarities along only portions of their length, e.g., sourced from different locations around the updraft before converging to a common pathway, can still be grouped. However, the physical information inherent in the full length of the trajectory is retained, unlike methods that cluster trajectory segments alone. The conversion of trajectories to an updraft-relative space also allows trajectories separated in time to be clustered. Once the final output trajectory clusters are identified, a method for calculating a representative trajectory for each cluster is proposed. Cluster distributions of hailstone and environmental characteristics at each time step in the representative trajectory can also be calculated.

Significance Statement
To understand how a storm produces large hail, we need to understand the paths that hailstones take in a storm when growing. We can simulate these paths using computer models. However, the millions of hailstones in a simulated storm create millions of paths, which is hard to analyze. This article describes a machine learning method that groups together hailstone paths based on how similar their three-dimensional structures look. It will let hail scientists analyze hailstone pathways in storms more easily, and therefore better understand how hail growth happens.
Trends in Undergraduate WxChallenge Performance
Authors: Eckstein Nicholas J. , Hitchens Nathan M. , Zimmermann Petra A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The WxChallenge is a national forecasting competition in which participants at colleges and universities across North America attempt to accurately predict daily high and low temperatures, maximum wind speed, and precipitation accumulation at a variety of locations each year. Undergraduate students make up the majority of participants. In this study, we observed trends from 11 seasons of WxChallenge data and related them to existing literature on local forecasting contests. Normalized scores were calculated each day for any participant that submitted a forecast. On average, undergraduate scores improved with continued participation in the contest. Significant gains are made during their first year by forecasters who participated for multiple years. Duration of participation in the contest plays a role, but significant improvements in performance were also noted with higher academic standing, potentially as a result of forecasting experience gained through other curricular or extracurricular activities.

Significance Statement
One avenue that aspiring meteorologists have outside the classroom to hone their forecasting skills is through the WxChallenge, a national collegiate forecasting contest. We wanted to see whether, on average, students who participated longer in the contest outperformed those who did not forecast for as long. We found this to be true. Mean scores by students who participated for more than one year improved significantly by the end of the first year, and they outperformed those without prior experience in the WxChallenge in following years. These findings are important because they can be used as evidence to motivate students to join a forecasting contest early in their academic careers, allowing them to gain skill before pursuing a career in forecasting.
The long-term psycho-social impact of the pandemic on people with intellectual disability and their carers
Authors: Gabrielsson Alexandra , Moghaddassian Meissam , Sawhney Indermeet , Shardlow Sophie , Tromans Samuel , Bassett Paul , Shankar Rohit 
Published: May 2023

Background: People with intellectual disabilities (PWID) are at six times higher risk of death due to COVID-19. To mitigate harm, as a high-risk group, significant social changes were imposed on PWID in the UK. Alongside these changes, the uncertainty of the pandemic influence, caused PWID and their carers to encounter significant stress. The evidence of the pandemic’s psycho-social impact on PWID originates mainly from cross-sectional surveys conducted with professionals and carers. There is little research on the longitudinal psycho-social impact of the pandemic from PWID themselves. Aims: To examine the long-term psycho-social impact of the pandemic on PWID. Methods: A cross-sectional survey, following STROBE guidance, of 17 Likert scale statements (12 to PWID and 5 to their carers) to ascertain the pandemic’s psychosocial impact was conducted. Every other PWID open to a specialist Intellectual Disability service serving half a UK County (pop:500,000) was selected. The same survey was re-run with the same cohort a year later. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and unpaired-t tests were used to compare responses. Significance is taken at p < .05. Comments were analysed using Clarke and Braun’s approach. Results: Of 250 PWID contacted, 100 (40%) responded in 2020 and 127 (51%) in 2021. 69% (2020) and 58% (2021) reported seeking medical support. Carers, (88%, 2020 and 90%, 2021) noticed emotional changes in PWID they cared for. 13% (2020) and 20% (2021) of PWID had their regular psychotropics increased. 21% (2020) and 24% (2021) had their pro re nata (PRN) medication adjusted. PWID or carers demonstrated no statistically significant variation in responses between themselves from 2020 to 2021. PWID were more likely to report being upset/distressed compared to their carers’ perceptions of them in both years ( p < .001). Four themes were identified. Conclusion: This longitudinal study highlights the diverse psycho-social impact of the pandemic on PWID in the UK. The Pandemic’s psycho-social impact has been significantly underestimated.
The Independent Electronic Music Party Scene/Circuit in São Paulo: A Panorama of the 2010s
Authors: Pereira Simone Luci , Gheirart Oziel 
Published: May 2023

The independent electronic music scene/circuit in São Paulo—techno, house, and their subgenres—migrated from clubs to street parties or locations in central areas of the city in the 2010s. This scene/circuit has a strong political bias, focusing on the uses of urban spaces, LGBTQIA+ rights, corporeality, and aestheticization. Ethnographic study of the activities of four collectives highlights their ways of occupying and claiming the right to the city and the diversity and temporal dynamics of the circuit. A cena/circuito e música eletrônica independente em São Paulo (tecno, house e suas vertentes), migrou dos clubes para as festas em ruas ou locações em áreas centrais da cidade na década de 2010. Esta cena possui forte viés político ressaltando os usos dos espaços urbanos, os direitos LGBTQIA+, as corporalidades e estetizações. Evidencia-se a centralidade da música e sua dimensão comunicacional e política: dança, corpo e identidades aliadas à construção de modos de estar juntos e ocupar a cidade. A metodologia centra-se na etnografia de quatro coletivos e suas festas em suas formas colaborativas/autogestionárias e maneiras de ocupar e reivindicar o direito à cidade e a diversidade e dinâmica temporal do circuito.
Five-year outcomes of tricuspid valve repair versus replacement; a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Alghamdi Rawan , Alaloola Alhnouf A , Aldaghar Abdulelah S , Alfonso Juan , Ismail Huda , Adam Adam I , Pragliola Claudio , Albabtain Monirah A , Arafat Amr A 
Published: May 2023

Background Tricuspid valve repair (TVr) is the recommended approach for managing tricuspid regurgitation; however, there is a concern about the long-term durability of the repair. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of TVr versus tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) in a matched cohort of patients. Methods This study included 1161 patients who underwent tricuspid valve (TV) surgery from 2009 to 2020. Patients were grouped according to the procedure into two groups: patients who underwent TVr ( n = 1020) and patients who underwent TVR (n = 159). The propensity score identified 135 matched pairs. Results Renal replacement therapy and bleeding were significantly higher in the TVR group compared to the TVr group both before and after matching. Thirty-day mortality occurred in 38 (3.79%) patients in TVr group versus 3 (1.89%) in the TVR group ( P ≤ 0.001) but was not significant after matching. After matching, TV reintervention (hazard ratio (HR): 21.44 (95% CI: 2.17–211.95); P  =  0.009) and heart failure rehospitalization (HR: 1.89 (95% CI: 1.13–3.16); P  =  0.015) were significantly higher in the TVR group. There was no difference in mortality in the matched cohort (HR: 1.63 (95% CI: 0.72–3.70); P  =  0.25). Conclusions TVr was associated with lower renal impairment, reintervention, and heart failure rehospitalization than replacement. TVr remains the preferred approach whenever feasible.
Management of scalp arteriovenous malformations: a rising trend towards percutaneous direct puncture embolization technique—our experience
Authors: Israrahmed Amrin , Singh Vivek , Prasad Surya Nandan , Singh Anil Kumar , Bhatnagar Ankur , Singh Anupama , Phadke Rajendra Vishnu 
Published: May 2023

Background Scalp arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), or cirsoid aneurysms of the scalp, usually present with troublesome symptoms and cosmetic disfigurement. Endovascular/percutaneous embolization has evolved as a sole treatment method or adjunct to surgical excision in the management of scalp AVMs with an excellent outcome. Purpose To discuss minimally invasive techniques for treating scalp AVMs as well as to highlight the role of embolization before surgery. Material and Methods This is a retrospective study of 50 patients with scalp AVM who underwent embolization (percutaneous/endovascular) during 2010–2019 at a tertiary care center. n-butyl cyanoacrylate (n-BCA) was used as an embolizing agent in all the cases and the patients were followed up at three- and six-month intervals with Doppler evaluation. Results A total of 50 patients were included in the study. The occipital region was the most common location; 82% were Schobinger class II lesions and 18% were class III lesions. Thirteen patients had small-sized AVMs and 37 patients had large-sized AVMs. Post-embolization surgery was performed in 36 patients. Of the patients, 28 underwent percutaneous embolization, 20 underwent endovascular embolization, and two underwent both to achieve complete embolization of the lesion. The number of percutaneous procedures increased in the latter half of the study period as the safety and efficacy of the technique were established. No major complications were seen in this study. Conclusion Embolization of scalp AVMs is a safe and effective technique and can be used in isolation for small lesions and as an adjunct procedure to surgery for large-sized lesions.
Synovial Fluid Proteomics From Serial Aspirations of ACL-Injured Knees Identifies Candidate Biomarkers
Authors: Rai Muhammad Farooq , Cai Lei , Zhang Qiang , Townsend R. Reid , Brophy Robert H. 
Published: May 2023

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears often result in knee effusion and an increased risk for developing knee osteoarthritis (OA) in the long run. The molecular profile of these effusions could be informative regarding initial steps in the development of posttraumatic OA after an ACL tear. Hypothesis: The proteomics of knee synovial fluid changes over time after ACL injury. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Synovial fluid was collected from patients with an acute traumatic ACL tear presenting to the office for evaluation (18.31 ± 19.07 days from injury) (aspiration 1) and again at the time of surgery (35.41 ± 58.15 days after aspiration 1 (aspiration 2). High-resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was used to assess the quantitative protein profile of synovial fluid, and differences in protein profile between the 2 aspirations were determined computationally. Results: A total of 58 synovial fluid samples collected from 29 patients (12 male, 17 female; 12 isolated ACL tear, 17 combined ACL and meniscal tear) with a mean age and body mass index of 27.01 ± 12.78 years and 26.30 ± 4.93, respectively, underwent unbiased proteomics analysis. The levels of 130 proteins in the synovial fluid changed over time (87 high, 43 low). Proteins of interest that were significantly higher in aspiration 2 included CRIP1, S100A11, PLS3, POSTN, and VIM, which represent catabolic/inflammatory activities in the joint. Proteins with a known role in chondroprotection and joint homeostasis such as CHI3L2 (YKL-39), TNFAIP6/TSG6, DEFA1, SPP1, and CILP were lower in aspiration 2. Conclusion: Synovial fluid from knees with ACL tears exhibits an increased burden of inflammatory (catabolic) proteins relevant to OA with reduced levels of chondroprotective (anabolic) proteins. Clinical Relevance: This study identified a set of novel proteins that provide new biological insights into the aftermath of ACL tears. Elevated inflammation and decreased chondroprotection could represent initial disruption of homeostasis, potentially initiating the development of OA. Longitudinal follow-up and mechanistic studies are necessary to assess the functional role of these proteins in the joint. Ultimately, these investigations could lead to better approaches to predict and possibly improve patient outcomes.
Moral courage, job-esteem, and social responsibility in disaster relief nurses
Authors: Yu Qiang , Wang Huaqin , Tian Yusheng , Wang Qin , Yang Li , Liu Qiaomei , Li Yamin 
Published: May 2023

Background Social responsibility can motivate disaster relief nurses to devote themselves to safeguarding rights and interests of people when facing challenges that threaten public health. However, few studies focused on the relationship of moral courage, job-esteem, and social responsibility among disaster relief nurses. Objective To explore the influence of moral courage and job-esteem on the social responsibility in disaster relief nurses and clarify the relationship model between them. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 716 disaster relief nurses from 14 hospitals in central China through an online survey, including moral courage scale, job-esteem scale, and social responsibility questionnaire. The data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation, and the mechanism of the effect of moral courage and job-esteem on social responsibility was completed. Ethical considerations This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (Approval Number: 2019016). Results Disaster relief nurses’ moral courage positively impacted social responsibility (r = 0.677, p < 0.01), and moral courage could affect social responsibility through the mediating role of job-esteem. Conclusion Job-esteem mediated between moral courage and social responsibility among disaster relief nurses. Nursing managers regular assessment of nurses’ moral courage and interventions such as meetings and workshops can reduce moral distress, foster morally courageous behavior, enhance job-esteem, and improve social responsibility performance among disaster relief nurses.
Moral courage, burnout, professional competence, and compassion fatigue among nurses
Authors: Alshammari Mohammed Hamdan , Alboliteeh Mohammad 
Published: May 2023

Background Moral courage is the ability to defend and practice ethical and moral action when faced with a challenge, even if it means rejecting pressure to act otherwise. However, moral courage remains an unexplored concept among middle eastern nurses. Aim This study investigated the mediating role of moral courage in the relationship between burnout, professional competence, and compassion fatigue among Saudi Arabian nurses. Research design Correlational, cross-sectional design following the STROBE guidelines. Participants and research context Convenience sampling was used to recruit nurses ( n = 684) for four government hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Four validated self-report questionnaires (Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale, Nurse Professional Competence Scale-Short Form, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Nurses Compassion Fatigue Inventory) were used to collect data between May to September 2022. Spearman rho and structural equation modeling analyses were employed to analyze the data. Ethical considerations The ethics review committee of a government university in Ha’il region, Saudi Arabia, approval this study (Protocol no.: H-2021-012; Approved: 08/022,021). Participants were fully explained the study aims, and consent was voluntarily secured. Results The emerging model showed that burnout had a direct and positive influence on compassion fatigue, while professional competence had a direct, negative effect on compassion fatigue. Moral courage had a small and direct but negative influence on compassion fatigue. Mediation analyses also indicated that moral courage significantly mediated the indirect effects of burnout and professional competence on compassion fatigue. Conclusion Moral courage can be a crucial aspect in preserving the psychological and mental health of nurses, particularly under stressful conditions. Therefore, it is advantageous from an organizational and leadership standpoint to implement measures such as programs and interventions to foster moral courage among nurses.
Inferior implant of XEN63 Gel stent in a refractory open-angle glaucoma due to silicone oil tamponade: A case report
Authors: Savastano Alfonso , Carlà Matteo Mario , Gambini Gloria , Giannuzzi Federico , Boselli Francesco , Rizzo Stanislao 
Published: May 2023

Background To discuss the efficacy of an inferior implant of XEN 63 gel stent in a patient with refractory glaucoma after trabeculectomy failure and vitreoretinal surgery with silicone oil tamponade. Case Description We report the case of a 73-year-old man with a history of refractory open glaucoma with trabeculectomy failure. He experienced recurrent retinal detachments with silicone oil tamponade, with uncontrolled intra-ocular pressure (IOP) after silicone oil removal. Due to the presence of oil emulsion in the anterior chamber, the chosen location for XEN 63 implantation was the infero-temporal quadrant. Mild hyphema and vitreous hemorrhage were seen post-operatively, but were self-limiting. At week 1, the intraocular pressure was 8 mmHg with a well-formed bleb seen in anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). At 6 month follow up, the patient maintained a IOP of 12 mmHg without topical hypotensive drugs. Slit lamp examination revealed a widespread, developed bleb with no signs of inflammation. Conclusion In this case of refractory glaucoma in a vitrectomized eye with previous oil tamponade, the inferior placement of the XEN 63 gel stent delivered an adequate intraocular pressure even at 6-months follow up, with a diffuse functional infero-nasal bleb seen with AS-OCT.