bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast, High‐Strain, and Strong Uniaxial Hydrogel Actuators from Recyclable Nanofibril Networks
Authors: Benselfelt Tobias , Rothemund Philipp , Lee Pooi See 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolymer hydrogels mimic biological tissues and are suitable for future lifelike machines. However, their actuation is isotropic, so they must be crosslinked or placed in a turgor membrane to achieve high actuation pressures, severely impeding their performance. Here, it is shown that organizing cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) in anisotropic hydrogel sheets leads to mechanical in‐plane reinforcement that generates a uniaxial, out‐of‐plane strain with performance far surpassing polymer hydrogels. These fibrillar hydrogel actuators expand uniaxially by 250 times with an initial rate of 100–130% s−1, compared to <10 times and <1% s−1 in directional strain rate for isotropic hydrogels, respectively. The blocking pressure reaches 0.9 MPa, similar to turgor actuators, while the time to reach 90% of the maximum pressure is 1–2 min, compared to 10 min to hours for polymer hydrogel actuators. Uniaxial actuators that lift objects 120 000 times their weight and soft grippers are showcased. In addition, the hydrogels can be recycled without a loss in performance. The uniaxial swelling allows adding channels through the gel for local solvent delivery, further increasing the actuation rate and cyclability. Thus, fibrillar networks can overcome the major drawbacks of hydrogel actuators and is a significant advancement towards hydrogel‐based lifelike machines.
Iron(II)‐Catalyzed Cyanoalkylsulfonylation/Annulation Cascades toward Functionalized Sulfonylated Pyrrolidone Alkylnitriles
Authors: Huang Jiapian , Xu Shujuan , Zhu Jia , Chen Zhiyuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnder heating conditions, an iron(II)‐catalyzed cascade cyanoalkylsulfonylation/cyclization reaction is developed to produce cyanoalkylsulfonylated pyrrolidones bearing with a free CN moiety. This alkyl radical disconnection and cascade annulation protocol enjoys chemo‐ and regioselectivity with the tolerance toward a range of functional groups. The reactive cyanoalkyl radical, which was originated from the ring‐opening reaction of a cyclic imine radical, was found to be capable of capturing the in‐situ generated “SO2” species from DABSO, thus leading to the production of a cyanoalkyl sulfonyl radical and the subsequent alkene annulation sequences.magnified image
Mechanochemical Degradation and Recycling of Synthetic Polymers
Authors: Zhou Junfeng , Hsu Tze‐Gang , Wang Junpeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe accumulation of plastic waste, due to lack of recycling, has led to serious environmental pollution. Although mechanical recycling can alleviate this issue, it inevitably reduces the molecular weight and weakens the mechanical properties of materials and is not suitable for mixed materials. Chemical recycling, on the other hand, breaks the polymer into monomers or small‐molecule constituents, allowing for the preparation of materials of quality comparable to that of the virgin polymers and can be applied to mixed materials. Mechanochemical degradation and recycling leverages the advantages of mechanical techniques, such as scalability and efficient energy use, to achieve chemical recycling. We summarize recent progress in mechanochemical degradation and recycling of synthetic polymers, including both commercial polymers and those designed for more efficient mechanochemical degradation. We also point out the limitations of mechanochemical degradation and present our perspectives on how the challenges can be mitigated for a circular polymer economy.
Paired Oxidative and Reductive Catalysis: Breaking the Potential Barrier of Electrochemical C(sp3)−H Alkenylation**
Authors: Zou Long , Wang Xiaofan , Xiang Siqi , Zheng Weipeng , Lu Qingquan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDue to the intrinsic inertness of alkanes, strong oxidative conditions are typically required to enable their C(sp3)−H functionalization. Herein, a paired electrocatalysis strategy was developed by integrating oxidative catalysis with reductive catalysis in one cell without interference, in which earth‐abundant iron and nickel are employed as the anodic and cathodic catalysts, respectively. This approach lowers the previously high oxidation potential required for alkane activation, enabling electrochemical alkane functionalization at the ultra‐low oxidation potential of ≈0.25 V vs. Ag/AgCl under mild conditions. Structurally diverse alkenes, including challenging all‐carbon tetrasubstituted olefins, can be accessed using readily available alkenyl electrophiles.
Chemical‐Mechanical Robustness of Single‐Crystalline Ni‐Rich Cathode Enabled by Surface Atomic Arrangement Control
Authors: Meng Xin‐Hai , Zhang Xu‐Dong , Sheng Hang , Fan Min , Lin Ting , Xiao Dongdong , Tian Jianxin , Wen Rui , Liu Wen‐Zhe , Shi Ji‐Lei , Wan Li‐Jun , Guo Yu‐Guo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLayered transition metal oxide cathodes have been one of the dominant cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries with efficient Li+ intercalation chemistry. However, limited by the weak layered interaction and unstable surface, mechanical and chemical failure plagues their electrochemical performance, especially for Ni‐rich cathodes. Here, adopting a simultaneous elemental‐structural atomic arrangement control based on the intrinsic Ni−Co−Mn system, the surface role is intensively investigated. Within the invariant oxygen sublattice of the crystal, a robust surface with the synergistic concentration gradient and layered‐spinel intertwined structure is constructed on the model single‐crystalline Ni‐rich cathode. With mechanical strain dissipation and chemical erosion suppression, the cathode exhibits an impressive capacity retention of 82 % even at the harsh 60 °C after 150 cycles at 1 C. This work highlights the coupling effect of structure and composition on the chemical‐mechanical properties, and the concept will spur more researches on the cathodes that share the same sublattice.
Validation of an LC–MS/MS method for assessment of fenbendazole sulfone drug residue in northern bobwhite liver
Authors: Henry Brett J. , Patel Dhavalkumar , Henry Cassandra , Brym Matthew Z. , Kendall Ronald J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) is an economically important game bird within the Rolling Plains Ecoregion. Within this region, bobwhite is experiencing extreme cyclic population fluctuations which are resulting in a net decline in total population. It is suspected that within this region two helminth parasites, an eyeworm (Oxyspirura petrowi) and a cecal worm (Aulonocephalus pennula), are contributing to this phenomenon. However, this has been difficult to study as the primary mode of investigation would be the deployment of anthelmintic treatment. Unfortunately, no registered treatments for wild bobwhite currently exist. Thus, utilizing an anthelmintictreatment for wild bobwhite would require registration of that treatment with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). As bobwhite are game birds that are hunted, they are considered food‐producing animals to the FDA, and as such require the assessment for the withdrawal of the drug residues to be assessed for human food safety. In this study, we optimized and validated a bioanalytical method for the quantification of fenbendazole sulfone in bobwhite following the U.S. FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine Guidance for Industry #208 [VICH GL 49 (R)] for assessment of fenbendazole sulfone drug residue in Northern bobwhite liver. The official method for quantifying fenbendazole sulfone in domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) was adapted for use in bobwhite. The validated method quantitation range is 2.5–30 ng/mL for fenbendazole with an average recovery of 89.9% in bobwhite liver.
Hard to decide? The effect of imagery perspective and construal level on decision difficulty
Authors: Chang Chia‐Jung , Lan Shin , Huang Yu‐Wen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis research designed three experiments to investigate the mechanism of how imagery perspective influences decision difficulty, which increases consumers' willingness to postpone making choices based on the construal level. Studies 1, 2, and 3 demonstrated that imagining from the actor's perspective lowers one's construal level, and thus leads to greater decision difficulty and willingness to postpone making choices. In comparison, those taking the observer perspective represent things at higher construal levels and have less difficulty making decisions or willingness to postpone making choices. Moreover, the derived results showed the need for cognition to moderate the relationship between imagery perspective and construal level. The findings herein extended the physical buying situation to online consumption, providing implications for marketers to further explore consumer behavior.
A brain flatmap data visualization tool for mouse, rat, and human
Authors: Hahn Joel D. , Duckworth Chloe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHere we provide open‐access brain data flatmap visualization and analysis tools for the mouse, rat, and human. The present work stems from a previous JCN Toolbox article that introduced a novel flatmap of the mouse brain and substantially enhanced flatmaps of the rat and human brain. These brain flatmap data visualization tools enable computer‐generated graphical flatmap representation of tabulated user‐entered data. For mouse and rat, they are designed to accommodate data resolved spatially up to the level of gray matter regions, supported by parcellation and nomenclature defined in current brain reference atlases. For human, Brodmann cerebral cortical parcellation is emphasized, and all other major brain divisions are represented. A comprehensive user guide is included along with several use examples. These brain data visualization tools enable the tabulation and automatic graphical flatmap representation of any type of mouse, rat, or human brain data that is spatially localized. The formalized presentation afforded by these graphical tools facilitates comparative analysis between data sets within or between the represented species.
Stackedmulti‐layersecurity for Hadoop distributed file system usingHSCTsteganography
Authors: Suganya S. , Selvamuthukumaran S. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryBig data needs to have scalable storage platforms as well as parallel processing environments. Hadoop is preferable because it is an open‐source software which works in a distributed, parallel processing environment and no need of any special hardware. In recent developments of Hadoop, security was introduced as optional. A symmetric block cipher advanced encryption standard (AES) is used for encryption. A 128 MB block of data needs 8 million encryptions. A better way of hiding the data from unauthorized access is preferable. Steganography, a more contemporary security technology than cryptography, is the art and science of hiding subconscious information in hidden item while exposing opponents their existence. The cover is an image, and the secret information may be a photo, music, video, or text. A double layer hexcode substituted–color space transformed (HSCT) steganography with 3 band splitting of data ensures confidentiality of the data and one time pad key generated with client's ID provides authentication also. Considering the volume of data, steganography concept is much faster than AES or any other cipher. Hiding the data inside the random images will indulge in fast reconstruction of data when needed for processing using either MapReduce or tools like spark.
Role of Hydrogen Bond Defects for Cluster Formation and Distribution in Ionic Liquids by Means of Neutron Diffraction and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Busch Johanna , Niemann Thomas , Neumann Jan , Stange Peter , Gärtner Sabrina , Youngs Tristan , Youngs Sarah , Paschek Dietmar , Ludwig Ralf 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDefects fundamentally govern the properties of all real materials. Correlating molecular defects to macroscopic quantities remains a challenge, particularly in the liquid phase. Herein, we report the influence of hydrogen bonds (HB) acting as defects in mixtures of non‐hydroxyl‐functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) with an increasing concentration of hydroxyl‐functionalized ILs. We observed two types of HB defects: The conventional HBs between cation and anion (c–a), and the elusive HBs between cations (c–c) despite the repulsive Coulomb forces. We use neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution in combination with molecular dynamics simulations for measuring the geometry, strength, and distribution of mobile OH defects in the IL mixtures. In principle, this procedure allows relating the number and stability of defects to macroscopic properties such as diffusion, viscosity, and conductivity, which are of utmost importance for the performance of electrolytes in batteries and other electrical devices.
Modeling of the effectiveness of novel edge seal designs for fast, low‐Cap‐Ex manufacturing
Authors: Kempe Michael D. , Watts Alliston , Shimpi Tushar , Ellis Samuel , Barth Kurt 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the manufacturing of photovoltaic (PV) modules, the lamination process can take up to 20 min to complete. In this work, new lamination processes are being developed, and have been prototyped, which hope to be able to cut this time down to as little as 30 s. This could provide significant savings in the cost of lamination equipment, floor space, and energy. PV modules are expected to have a lifespan exceeding 20 to 30 years. For moisture‐sensitive PV technologies, the edge seal between the two layers of glass can be the weakest point of its reliability. There is an inherent challenge when evaluating edge seal materials due to their low permeation rates. As part of Colorado State University's Photovoltaic Research and Development 2, work at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory has developed models to evaluate edge seal configurations in glass‐glass PV modules. Here, this new manufacturing process is evaluated for long‐term moisture durability. Different edge seal design options within glass–glass PV modules are explored. Most of these designs are targeting a superstrate on glass configuration, e.g CdTe, but some designs could be used on conventional crystalline Si cells. Using COMSOL finite element simulation software, we investigated the edge seal and interlayer design configurations containing silicone perimeter edge adhesive, desiccated polyisobutylene‐based edge seal, air, and polyolefin while integrating climate conditions equivalent to a hot and humid environment such as Miami, Florida. We found optimized configurations that will allow the module to prevent moisture ingress over 50 years minimizing the amount of time and material used while utilizing polymers that are easily dispensed.
Structural control on drainage pattern development of the western Taiwan orogenic wedge
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Hung , Shyu J. Bruce H. , Willett Sean D. , Chen Chia‐Yu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStructural control on drainage patterns has long been suggested to play an important role in the development of fluvial systems, including their map pattern. Along the western Taiwan orogenic wedge, a prominent drainage pattern change is present, from predominantly orogen parallel drainages in the south to river systems that flow perpendicular to the long axis of the mountain belt in the north. Such change likely reflects the temporal evolutionary process as the Taiwan orogen propagates southward. We propose that the flow direction change of river systems is produced by the development of the fold‐and‐thrust belt on the pro‐wedge side of the mountain belt and is facilitated by drainage reorganization that includes abrupt drainage captures and more gradual divide movements, permitting drainage basins to attain a geometrically stable configuration with time. Our observations in Taiwan demonstrate not only how tectonic uplift is effective at modifying river patterns in the early stages of orogenic development but also how time and increased stream power encourage river networks to adjust to more effective patterns in mature mountain belts.
Recent advances in synthesis and properties of zirconium‐based MXenes for application in rechargeable batteries
Authors: Thomas Susmi Anna , Cherusseri Jayesh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAdvancement in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology has envisaged the development of novel materials for a better human life. Nanomaterials have attracted the scientific research for the past three decades and are widely explored for multifunctional applications. Research is ongoing to understand the properties of various emerging nanomaterials such as MXenes, MBenes, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorous, and so forth to name a few. Among the various layered two‐dimensional (2D) materials, transition metal carbides/nitrides/carbonitrides (collectively known as MXenes) have received profound interest due to their exciting physical and chemical properties. Among the MXene family, titanium‐based MXenes have been explored the most. But the research on non‐titanium‐based MXenes are still in the developing stage. Zirconium (Zr)‐based MXenes are the emerging materials having peculiar characteristics. Herein, we discuss the syntheses, properties, and application of Zr‐based MXenes. Initially, the MAX phases of Zr‐based MXenes are discussed. Further, the synthesis of Zr‐based MXenes by various methods are included. Furthermore, the applications of Zr‐based MXenes in rechargeable batteries such as lithium‐ion batteries, sodium‐ion batteries, potassium‐ion batteries, and so forth are reviewed.
A novel role for MLC1 in regulating astrocyte–synapse interactions
Authors: Kater Mandy S. J. , Baumgart Katharina F. , Badia‐Soteras Aina , Heistek Tim S. , Carney Karen E. , Timmerman A. Jacob , van Weering Jan R. T. , Smit August B. , van der Knaap Marjo S. , Mansvelder Huibert D. , Verheijen Mark H. G. , Min Rogier 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLoss of function of the astrocyte membrane protein MLC1 is the primary genetic cause of the rare white matter disease Megalencephalic Leukoencephalopathy with subcortical Cysts (MLC), which is characterized by disrupted brain ion and water homeostasis. MLC1 is prominently present around fluid barriers in the brain, such as in astrocyte endfeet contacting blood vessels and in processes contacting the meninges. Whether the protein plays a role in other astrocyte domains is unknown. Here, we show that MLC1 is present in distal astrocyte processes, also known as perisynaptic astrocyte processes (PAPs) or astrocyte leaflets, which closely interact with excitatory synapses in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. We find that the PAP tip extending toward excitatory synapses is shortened in Mlc1‐null mice. This affects glutamatergic synaptic transmission, resulting in a reduced rate of spontaneous release events and slower glutamate re‐uptake under challenging conditions. Moreover, while PAPs in wildtype mice retract from the synapse upon fear conditioning, we reveal that this structural plasticity is disturbed in Mlc1‐null mice, where PAPs are already shorter. Finally, Mlc1‐null mice show reduced contextual fear memory. In conclusion, our study uncovers an unexpected role for the astrocyte protein MLC1 in regulating the structure of PAPs. Loss of MLC1 alters excitatory synaptic transmission, prevents normal PAP remodeling induced by fear conditioning and disrupts contextual fear memory expression. Thus, MLC1 is a new player in the regulation of astrocyte‐synapse interactions.
Backlashes or boosts? The role of warmth and gender in relational uncertainty reductions
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca L. , Matusik James G. , Johnson Russell E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBoth men and women who violate gender stereotypes incur backlashes, or penalties, for these transgressions. However, men who engage in warm, communal behaviors occasionally receive a boost (or benefit) for this female‐stereotyped behavior. To understand how and why warmth and gender interact to predict backlashes or boosts, we integrate uncertainty reduction theory with the stereotype content model and examine warmth by gender interactions. In our first study (a field examination of job seekers), we find that men receive a boost in hireability (i.e., an increased likelihood of obtaining a job offer) for exhibiting gender incongruent (i.e., high) levels of warmth, but women do not receive a backlash in hireability for exhibiting gender incongruent (i.e., low) levels of warmth. In our second study (a laboratory experiment), we replicate and extend these findings by elucidating why they occur: warmth reduces relational uncertainty for male, but not female, applicants. In our third study (another laboratory experiment), we again replicate and extend our findings by identifying when these effects are stronger: in male‐dominated roles. Our investigation suggests that the valence of the gender stereotype violation matters when it comes to hiring decisions. Indeed, we find that displaying warmth appears to promote, rather than impede, career outcomes for men.
Effects of activation of an alcohol metabolic gene, cigarette smoking, and alcohol intake on the incidence of metachronous gastric cancer in patients who underwent endoscopic resection for gastric cancer: A multicenter retrospective pilot study
Authors: Abiko Satoshi , Shimizu Yuichi , Ishikawa Marin , Inoue Masaki , Nakajima Katsuma , Kohya Risako , Hirata Koji , Suzuki Kazuharu , Sugiura Ryo , Miyamoto Shuichi , Kinoshita Kenji , Hatanaka Kazuteru , Yamamoto Yoshiya , Naruse Hirohito , Miyagishima Takuto , Sakamoto Naoya 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimMetachronous gastric cancer (GC) frequently occurs in patients who have undergone endoscopic resection (ER) for GC. We evaluated the risk for development of metachronous GC following ER for GC based on genetic polymorphisms for alcohol dehydrogenase‐1B (ADH1B) and aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2), as well as alcohol consumption and smoking habits.MethodsWe studied 77 patients who underwent ER for GC (median follow‐up of 84 months). Genotyping of ADH1B/ALDH2 was performed using saliva sampling. Histories of alcohol consumption and smoking before and after ER and Helicobacter pylori eradication were documented.ResultsMultivariate analyses revealed that homozygous slow‐metabolizing ADH1B (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.38, P < 0.13), heavy smoking (HR = 2.36, P < 0.09), and cigarette smoking after ER (HR = 2.47, P < 0.10) were not independently associated with the risk of secondary GC development. We analyzed the cessation status of the 38 patients who were classified as heavy smokers before ER based on their smoking habits after the ER and divided them into a cessation group (n = 27, non‐smokers after ER) and a non‐cessation group (n = 11). Cumulative incidence curves of secondary GC in the cessation and non‐cessation groups revealed 5‐year incidence rates of 19.0% and 45.0%, respectively (P = 0.02).ConclusionContinued cigarette smoking, at a high level, may be an important risk factor for the development of metachronous GC. Advice for smoking cessation should be given.