bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding context of violence against healthcare through citizen science and evaluating the effectiveness of a co-designed code of conduct and of a tailored de-escalation of violence training in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo and Iraq: a study protocol for a stepped wedge randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ferrari Giovanfrancesco , Lwamushi Samuel Makali , Balaluka Ghislain Bisimwa , Lafta Riyadh K. , Schindler Christian , Bugugu Daniella , Ongezi Emmanuel , Tediosi Fabrizio , Mendoza Jessica Ramirez , Merten Sonja 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
• Background
Violence against health care workers (HCWs) is a multifaceted issue entwined with broader social, cultural, and economic contexts. While it is a global phenomenon, in crisis settings HCWs are exposed to exceptionally high rates of violence. We hypothesize that the implementation of a training on de-escalation of violence and of a code of conduct informed through participatory citizen science research would reduce the incidence and severity of episodes of violence in primary healthcare settings of rural Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and large hospitals in Baghdad Iraq.
• Methods
In an initial formative research phase, the study will use a transdisciplinary citizen science approach to inform the re-adaptation of a violence de-escalation training for HCWs and the content of a code of conduct for both HCWs and clients. Qualitative and citizen science methods will explore motivations, causes, and contributing factors that lead to violence against HCWs. Preliminary findings will inform participatory meetings aimed at co-developing local rules of conduct through in-depth discussion and input from various stakeholders, followed by a validation and legitimization process. The effectiveness of the two interventions will be evaluated through a stepped-wedge randomized-cluster trial (SW-RCT) design with 11 arms, measuring the frequency and severity of violence, as well as secondary outcomes such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), job burnout, empathy, or HCWs' quality of life at various points in time, alongside a cost-effectiveness study comparing the two strategies.
• Discussion
Violence against HCWs is a global issue, and it can be particularly severe in humanitarian contexts. However, there is limited evidence on effective and affordable approaches to address this problem. Understanding the context of community distrust and motivation for violence against HCWs will be critical for developing effective, tailored, and culturally appropriate responses, including a training on violence de-escalation and a community behavioural change approach to increase public trust in HCWs. This study aims therefore to compare the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different interventions to reduce violence against HCWs in two post-crisis settings, providing valuable evidence for future efforts to address this issue.
• Trial registration:
ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier NCT05419687. Prospectively registered on June 15, 2022.
The density of CD8+ tumour-infiltrating T lymphocytes in rectal cancer cells and its relationship with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients
Authors: Li Baokun , Wang Feifei , Yang Fei , Meng Zesong , Wang Guanglin , Yu Bin , Wang Guiying 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective:To explore the relationship between CD8+ tumor infiltrating T lymphocyte density and clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with rectal cancer.
Methods:For immunohistochemistry, paraffin-embedded TMA samples were cut into 4-μm sections. CD8 (ZA-0508, ZSGBBIO) Specific procedure: Tissue sections were baked, dewaxed and rehydrated. Endogenous peroxides were closed by incubating at 37°C for 15 minutes with a methanolic solution of 3% hydrogen peroxide. Antigen repair is then carried out by autoclaving in EDTA antigen repair solution (pH=8) for approximately 10 minutes. Sections were incubated with primary antibody for approximately 1.5 hours at 37°C. After washing, tissue sections were treated with HRPRABBIT/MOUSE secondary antibody (K5007, 20029103, Dako) for 30 minutes at room temperature. Sections were immunostained with diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB, K5007, 20019193, Dako) and restained with hematoxylin.
Results:CD8+ TILS were expressed in rectal cancer tissues in T lymphocytes, which were localised to the cell membrane (Figure 1 ).
The relationship between the density of CD8+ TILs in rectal cancer tissues and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients, low density group and high density group, there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in terms of age, gender, type of surgery and size of the mass, and there was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) when comparing the depth of infiltration and lymph node metastasis, as shown in Table 1.
For survival analysis, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with high density CD8+ TILS had a better prognosis than those with low density CD8+ TILS. Figure 2.
Multi-factor Cox regression analysis with prognosis as the dependent variable (Table 2 for variable assignment) showed that low density CD8+ TILs was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with rectal cancer (p<0.05), see Table 3.
Conclusion:This study illustrates that CD8 expression can be used as an indicator of prognosis in rectal cancer patients, and also provides more effective guidance for immunotherapy in rectal cancer patients at a later stage.
Foraging with your eyes: a novel task to study cognitive strategies involved in (visual) foraging behaviour
Authors: Green Matthew , Segen Vladislava , Korstjens Amanda , Meso Andrew , Thomas Tessa , Wiener Jan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this study we introduce a new gaze-contingent visual foraging task in which participants searched through an environment by looking at trees displayed on a computer screen. If the tree contained a fruit item, the item became visible and was collected. In each trial, the participant’s task was to forage for a defined number of fruit items. In two experiments, fruit items were either randomly distributed about the trees (dispersed condition) or organised in one large patch (patchy condition). In the second experiment, we addressed the role of memory for foraging by including a condition that did not require memorising which trees had already been visited by changing their appearance (tree fading). Foraging performance was superior in the patchy as compared to the dispersed condition and benefited from tree-fading. In addition, with further analyses on search behaviour, these results suggest (1) that participants were sensitive to the distribution of resources, (2) that they adapted their search/foraging strategy accordingly, and (3) that foraging behaviour is in line with predictions derived from foraging theories, specifically area-restricted search, developed for large scale spatial foraging. We therefore argue that the visual search task presented shares characteristics and cognitive mechanisms involved in successful large-scale search and foraging behaviour and can therefore be successfully employed to study these mechanisms.
Sirt1, as a Potential Prognosis Marker in Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma, regulates lipid metabolism and immune infiltration
Authors: Wang Xuefei , Deng Fangqi , Wang Jiayu , Chen Qing , Lu Jiabin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a malignancy with a dismal prognosis, characterized by the accumulation of fat and glycogen. Sirt1 is a deacetylase that regulates lipid metabolism. In this study, we collected tumor and paracancer tissues from 386 ccRCC patients and followed their prognosis over an extended period. Immunohistochemistry was used to get the expression of Sirt1 in these tissues, and the differential genes associated with Sirt1 were analyzed by the LinkedOmics database. The PPI analysis was made by STRING. The Kaplan-Meier method was utilized to generate the survival curve, while the TIMER web tool was used to analyze immune infiltration. Our findings revealed that Sirt1 was expressed in tumor tissues but not in normal tissues. High Sirt1 expression was associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between high Sirt1 expression and perirenal fat invasion and necrosis, which led to worse survival outcomes. We established a nomogram to predict prognosis. Notably, the correlation was observed with immune infiltration. In conclusion, our results suggest that high Sirt1 expression is associated with lipid metabolism disorder and immune infiltration, which in turn contribute to poor prognosis in ccRCC.
Recycled toilet paper: A novel source of sensitizer contamination in rivers
Authors: Yoshinari Yuta , Terasaki Masanori 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Sensitizers contain an aromatic ring, accumulate in aquatic biota, exhibit the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated activity. Effluent from paper recycling plants has been identified as a source of contamination. The presence of sensitizers in toilet paper may be a novel source in the aquatic environment. To examine possible sources of contamination by sensitizers, this study investigated the levels of sensitizers in recycled toilet paper. We also studied the prevalence of sensitizers in rivers receiving effluents from sewage treatment plants in Japan, between 2020–2022. We detected 8 sensitizers and related compounds in both toilet paper and river water samples; their total concentrations ranged between 0.78–34 µg/g (mean: 12 µg/g) for toilet paper and 58–1167 µg/L (median: 77 µg/L) for water. In the water samples, sensitizers and related compounds were partitioned between liquid and suspended solid phases, and in suspended solids, sensitizers and related compounds accounted for an average of 42% of the total. Correlation analysis showed a high correlation between sensitizer and related compound composition in the water from a river receiving sewage treatment plant effluents and toilet paper (0.82 < r < 0.87 on average, during the survey period). This study was the first to detect 4,4'-dimethyldiphenylmethane, 1,1-di(4methylphenyl)ethane, m-terphenyl, and benzyl 2-naphthyl ether in paper products. Since these compounds were also detected in the water samples analyzed in this study, toilet paper should be considered a novel source of sensitizer and related compound contamination in sewage treatment systems.
Global correlations of the Earth's magnetic field and their connection with strong earthquakes
Authors: Lyubushin Alexey , Rodionov Eugeny 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

We consider 3-component records of the magnetic field strength with a time step of 1 minute at 153 stations of the INTERMAGNET network for 31 years, 1991–2021. Data analysis is based on the calculation of pairwise correlation coefficients between wavelet coefficients in successive time windows 1 day long (1440 minute counts). To describe the state of the magnetic field, the maxima of the average values of all pairwise correlation coefficients between stations were chosen, calculated over all detail levels of the wavelet decomposition and over all components of the magnetic field strength vector. The daily time series of such maxima is called wavelet correlation. The division of the network stations into 7 clusters is considered, and a time series of wavelet correlations is calculated for each cluster. In a sliding time window with a length of 365 days, correlation measures of synchronization of wavelet correlations from different clusters are calculated, which are compared with the strongest earthquakes with a magnitude of at least 8.5. For the global time series of wavelet correlations, the method of influence matrices is used to study the relationship between the maximum correlation responses to a change in the length of the day and a sequence of earthquakes with a magnitude of at least 7. As a result of the analysis, precursor effects are identified, and the important role of the Maule earthquake in Chile on February 27, 20210 in the behavior of the response of magnetic field for the preparation of strong seismic events is shown.
Analyzing the Effect of Different ObjectiveFunctions on Energy Efficiency for RPL-basedRouting in Low Power Lossy Networks for IoTapplication
Authors: Telgote Aparna , Mande Sudhakar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Low power lossy networks (LLNs) are designed to enhance network lifetime byminimizing energy consumption. In this research, we focus on the routing pro-tocol for LLNs known as RPL and investigate the impact of different objectivefunctions on energy consumption. Previous studies have highlighted the impor-tance of objective function selection in optimizing energy efficiency in LLNs.However, there is still a need to thoroughly understand the effects of objectivefunctions on energy consumption in RPL. The primary objective of this researchis to compare the energy consumption of different objective functions in RPLfor various node configurations. We specifically evaluate Objective function 0, Minimum Rank Hysteresis Objective Function (MRHOF), MRHOF with energy(MRHOF Energy), and MRHOF with expected transmission (MRHOF ETX).Our research methodology involves simulating LLNs with varying numbers ofnodes and analyzing the energy consumption patterns of the different objectivefunctions. We also investigate the impact of alpha weighting as well as tricklealgorithm on the MRHOF algorithms. The results show that as the number ofnodes increases, the average power consumed gradually rises. Among the objec-tive functions under consideration, MRHOF Energy exhibits the highest powerconsumption, while MRHOF demonstrates the most efficient performance withsignificantly lower power consumption. Furthermore, our findings reveal thatMRHOF offers better energy efficiency compared to other objective functions,including MRHOF Energy and MRHOF ETX. The superiority of MRHOF isconsistent across different node configurations.
However, after experimenting on performance parameter like delay and through-put it is observed that the choice of objective function depends on the specificrequirements and trade-offs of the IoT application, with MRHOF offeringimproved network lifespan, OF0 prioritizing low delay and high throughputin smaller networks, and MRHOF ETX providing a balanced approach forscalability and trade-offs.
The significance of this research lies in its ability to provide valuable insightsinto the influence of objective function selection on energy consumption andperformance in low-power lossy networks (LLN). These findings serve as a guid-ing resource for the development and implementation of energy-efficient routingprotocols. By incorporating the recommendations from this research, LLN per-formance can be enhanced, leading to improved network longevity and overallefficiency. The research outcomes contribute to the advancement of LLN tech-nologies and pave the way for more sustainable and effective network solutionsin various IoT applications.
WITHDRAWN: Hybrid Architecture for Secure Data Communication Within the Private Cloud
Authors: Naeem Awad Bin , Senapati Biswaranjan , Sudman Md. Sakiul Islam , Abdel-Rehim Wael M. F. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Cloud computing is a cutting-edge technology that is rapidly gaining traction in the information technology (IT) sector. Although it has many benefits, there are also disadvantages, most notably the difficulties and vulnerability in security. This study describes multiple architectures for secure communication over a private cloud. We developed a unique custom approach that incorporates steganography to provide an additional degree of security to cloud data transport. Our suggested technique is an important road map for putting together a complete cloud security architecture. Furthermore, good basic management approaches may be used to distribute keys to cloud users, ensuring that only those with permission to cloud compute the data have cloud computing to the data.
Correlational analysis of physicochemical indexes, microbial communities, and volatile components in light-flavor Daqu from north and south regions of China
Authors: Yu Qi , Mou Feiyan , Xiao Junwen , Zhan Cheng , Li Liang , Chang Xu , Dong Xiaoyuan , Chen Maobin , Fang Shangling 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Daqu is of great significance to the brewing process of Baijiu, and there are variations in the light-flavor Baijiu Daqu in different regions. However, few studies have been conducted on light-flavor Daqu from the north and south regions of China. In this study, the physicochemical indices, volatile flavor components, and microbial community structure of two types of Daqu from the north and south regions of China were comparatively analyzed. The study findings reveal that Daquoriginating from the southern region of China (HB) exhibits superior moisture content, acidity, starch content, and saccharification power. In contrast, Daqu from the northern region of China (SX) displays higher fermentation, esterification, and liquefaction power. The analysis of the microbial community structure revealed that HB was dominated by Bacillus, Kroppenstedtia,Saccharomycopsis, and Thermoascus, while SX was dominated by Bacillus, Prevotella, and Saccharomycopsis. The analysis detected a total of 47 volatile components in both HB Daquand SX Daqu. The volatile components of pyrazine were significantly more abundant in HB Daqu than in SX Daqu, while alcohol compounds were more prominent in SX Daqu than in HB Daqu. In addition, the RDA analysis established a correlation between dominant microorganisms and volatile components. Cyanobacteria, Fusobacteriota, Ascomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mucormyceexhibited positive correlations with a significant proportion of the key volatile compounds. This study establishes a scientific foundation for improving the quality of light-flavor Daqu liquor in different regions of China.
The Impact of the War in Ukraine on Police Image and Recruitment– Empirical Findings
Authors: Kurek Dorota 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The consequences of the war in Ukraine are considered both by psychologists, sociologists, representatives of security sciences, and ordinary citizens whose sense of security has changed under the influence of the dramatic event. Linking the indicated situation with a growing decline in trust in public institutions raises questions about the impact of the war on the image and effectiveness of recruitment to the Polish Police, as one of the key institutions responsible for security and public order. The lack of research in this regard was decided to be filled in June 2022. 384 Poles took part in the survey. The survey found that most Poles are of the opinion that the war does not affect the image and recruitment of the Police. One in three respondents indicated a positive impact, with less than 11% of respondents holding the opposite view. The survey also revealed that the image of the Police in Poland in 2022 has deteriorated relative to 2021.
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN PENGEMBANGAN EBOOK BAGI GURU FISIKA DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Nabilah Riska , Syuhendri Syuhendri , Siahaan Sardianto Markos 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei untuk mengetahui kebutuhan guru terhadap suatu produk berupa ebook pembelajaran untuk peserta didik, Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari penelitian pengembangan pada tahap studi pendahuluan. Ebook yang akan dikembangkan adalah ebook pada materi fisika. Pengembangan ebook ini diharapkan dapat memudahkan peserta didik dalam mempelajari fisika dan dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber belajar tambahan selain buku paket di sekolah. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket atau kuisioner, angket tersebut disebarkan dengan menggunakan platform google form kepada guru-guru fisika SMP dan SMA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru fisika membutuhkan ebook pembelajaran untuk mempermudah proses pembelajaran khususnya pada materi fisika. Karena ebook lebih mudah dan praktis digunakan dan sesuai dengan revolusi industri 4.0 yang semakin mengarah dalam penggunaan IT.Kata Kunci: Analisis Kebutuhan, Ebook, Pembelajaran FisikaABSTRACTPurpose of the research is for at the preliminary study stage. The ebook that will be developed is an ebook on physics material. The development of this ebook is expected to make it easier for students to learn physics and can be used as an additional learning resource in addition to textbooks at school. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire or questionnaire, the questionnaire was distributed using the google form platform to middle and high school physics teachers. The results showed that physics teachers needed learning ebooks to facilitate the learning process, especially in physics. Because ebooks are easier and more practical to use and the industrial revolution 4.0 which is increasingly leading to the use of IT.Keywords: E-Books, Needs Analysis, Physics Learning
Associations of fatty acids composition and estimated desaturase activities in erythrocyte phospholipids with biochemical and clinical indicators of cardiometabolic risk in non-diabetic Serbian women: the role of level of adiposity
Authors: Šarac Ivana , Debeljak-Martačić Jasmina , Takić Marija , Stevanović Vuk , Milešević Jelena , Zeković Milica , Popović Tamara , Jovanović Jovica , Vidović Nevena Kardum 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionFatty acids (FAs) composition and desaturase activities can be altered in different metabolic conditions, but the adiposity-independent associations with clinical and biochemical indicators of cardiometabolic risk are still unclear. This study aimed to analyze the associations of FAs composition and estimated desaturase activities with anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical cardiometabolic risk indicators in non-diabetic Serbian women, and to investigate if these associations were independent of the level of adiposity and other confounders.MethodsIn 76 non-diabetic, otherwise healthy Serbian women, aged 24-68 years, with or without metabolic syndrome or obesity (BMI=23.6±5.6 kg/m2), FA composition in erythrocyte phospholipids was measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Desaturase activities were estimated from product/precursor FAs ratios (D9D:16:1n-7/16:0; D6D:20:3n-6/18:2n-6; D5D:20:4n-6/20:3n-6). Correlations were made with anthropometric, biochemical (serum glucose, triacylglycerols, LDL-C, HDL-C, ALT, AST, and their ratios) and clinical (blood pressure) indicators of cardiometabolic risk. Linear regression models were performed to test the independence of these associations.ResultsEstimated desaturase activities and certain FAs were associated with anthropometric, clinical and biochemical indicators of cardiometabolic risk: D9D, D6D, 16:1n-7 and 20:3n-6 were directly associated, while D5D and 18:0 were inversely associated. However, the associations with clinical and biochemical indicators were not independent of the associations with the level of adiposity, since they were lost after controlling for anthropometric indices. After controlling for multiple confounders (age, postmenopausal status, education, smoking, physical activity, dietary macronutrient intakes, use of supplements, alcohol consumption), the level of adiposity was the most significant predictor of desaturase activities and aforementioned FAs levels, and mediated their association with biochemical/clinical indicators.Vice versa, desaturase activities predicted the level of adiposity, but not other components of cardiometabolic risk (if the level of adiposity was accounted). While the associations of anthropometric indices with 16:1n-7, 20:3n-6, 18:0 and D9D and D6D activities were linear, the associations with D5D activity were the inverse U-shaped. The only adiposity-independent association of FAs profiles with the indicators of cardiometabolic risk was a positive association of 20:5n-3 with ALT/AST ratio, which requires further exploration.DiscussionAdditional studies are needed to explore the mechanisms of the observed associations.