bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal engrams generate flexible behavioral responses and brain-wide network states
Authors: Dorst Kaitlyn E. , Senne Ryan A. , Diep Anh H. , de Boer Antje R. , Suthard Rebecca L. , Leblanc Heloise , Ruesch Evan A. , Skelton Sara , McKissick Olivia P. , Bladon John H. , Ramirez Steve 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTMemory engrams are both necessary and sufficient to mediate behavioral outputs. Defensive behaviors such as freezing and avoidance are commonly examined during hippocampal-mediated fear engram reactivation, yet how reactivation of these cellular populations across different contexts engages the brain to produce a variety of defensive behaviors is relatively unclear. To address this, we first optogenetically reactivated a tagged fear engram in the dentate gyrus (DG) subregion of the hippocampus across three distinct contexts. We found that there were differential amounts of light-induced freezing depending on the size of the context in which reactivation occurred: mice demonstrated robust light-induced freezing in the most spatially restricted of the three contexts but not in the largest. We then utilized graph theoretical analyses to identify brain-wide alterations in cFos co-activation during engram reactivation across the smallest and largest contexts. Our manipulations conferred greater positive cFos correlations and recruited regions spanning putative fear and defense systems as hubs in the respective networks. Moreover, reactivating DG-mediated engrams generated network topologies across experimental conditions, emphasizing both shared and distinct features. By identifying and manipulating the circuits supporting memory function, as well as their corresponding brain-wide activity patterns, it is thereby possible to resolve systems-level biological mechanisms mediating memory’s capacity to modulate behavioral states.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTImplementing appropriate defensive behaviors across disparate environments is essential for survival. Memories can be used to select these responses. Recent work identified and artificially manipulated cellular ensembles within the hippocampus that mediate fear memory recall, yet how these populations engage brain-wide pathways that mediate defensive behaviors under environmental contingencies is unclear. We demonstrated here that reactivation across environments of various sizes elicits different behavioral responses and corresponding brain-wide network dynamics. These findings establish the flexibility of memory-bearing ensembles in generating brain and behavior states.
The parasitic lifestyle of an archaeal symbiont
Authors: Hamm Joshua N. , Liao Yan , Kügelgen Andriko von , Dombrowski Nina , Landers Evan , Brownlee Christopher , Johansson Emma M. V. , Whan Renee M. , Baker Matthew A. B. , Baum Buzz , Bharat Tanmay A. M. , Duggin Iain G. , Spang Anja , Cavicchioli Ricardo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDPANN Archaea are a diverse group of organisms typically characterised by small cells and reduced genomes. To date, all cultivated DPANN Archaea are ectosymbionts that require direct cell contact with an archaeal host species for proliferation. However, the dynamics of DPANN – host interactions and the impacts of these interactions on the host species are poorly understood. Here, we show that one DPANN archaeon (CandidatusNanohaloarchaeum antarcticus) engages in parasitic interactions with its host (Halorubrum lacusprofundi) that result in host cell lysis. Our data also suggest that these interactions involve invasion of the host cell by the nanohaloarchaeon. This is the first reported instance of such a predatory-like lifestyle amongst Archaea and indicates that some DPANN Archaea may interact with host populations in a manner similar to viruses.
G-quadruplexes are promoter elements controlling nucleosome exclusion and RNA polymerase II pausing
Authors: Esnault Cyril , Garcia-Oliver Encar , El Aabidine Amal Zine , Robert Marie-Cécile , Magat Talha , Gawron Kevin , Basyuk Eugénia , Karpinska Magda , Pigeot Alexia , Cucchiarini Anne , Luo Yu , Verga Daniele , Mourad Raphael , Radulescu Ovidiu , Mergny Jean-Louis , Bertrand Edouard , Andrau Jean-Christophe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDespite their central role in transcription, it has been difficult to define universal sequences associated to eukaryotic promoters. Within chromatin context, recruitment of the transcriptional machinery requires opening of the promoter but how DNA elements could contribute to this process has remained elusive. Here, we show that G-quadruplex (G4) secondary structures are highly enriched mammalian core promoter elements. G4s are located at the deepest point of nucleosome exclusion at promoters and correlate with maximum promoter activity. We found that experimental G4s exclude nucleosomes bothin vivoandin vitroand display a strong positioning potential. At model promoters, impairing G4s affected both transcriptional activity and chromatin opening. G4 destabilization also resulted in an inactive promoter state and affected transition to effective RNA production in live imaging experiments. Finally, G4 stabilization resulted in global reduction of proximal promoter pausing. Altogether, our data introduce G4s asbona fidepromoter elements allowing nucleosome exclusion and facilitating pause release by the RNA Polymerase II.
High immigration rates critical for establishing emigration-driven diversity in microbial communities
Authors: Chen Xiaoli , Wang Miaoxiao , Luo Laipeng , An Liyun , Liu Xiaonan , Fang Yuan , Huang Ting , Nie Yong , Wu Xiao-Lei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnraveling the mechanisms governing the diversity of ecological communities is a central goal in ecology. While microbial dispersal (including the emigration and immigration process) constitutes an important ecological process, the coupling effects of dispersal and microbial competition in microbial diversity are poorly understood. Here, we investigated how microbial dispersal affects the diversity of microbial communities in the presence of inter-species competition, using a generalized Lotka-Volterra model in combination with experimental investigations. Our model shows that emigration reduces the diversity induced by immigration at low immigration rates. We surprisingly find that it increases the diversity of the community when the immigration rates cross a defined threshold, which we identified asIneutral. We also found that at high immigration rates, emigration weakens the relative abundance of fast-growing species, and thus enhances the mass effect and increases the diversity. We experimentally confirmed this finding using cocultures of 20 bacterial strains isolated from the soil. Our model further showed thatIneutralexists over a wide range of species pool sizes, growth rates, and interspecies interactions, and decreases with the increasing of species pool size, growth rate, and interspecies interaction. Our work deepens the understanding of the effects of dispersal on diversity of natural communities.
Cell migration simulator-based biomarkers for glioblastoma
Authors: Hou Jay , McMahon Mariah , Sarkaria Jann N. , Chen Clark C. , Odde David J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGlioblastoma is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor with poor survival due to its invasive nature driven by cell migration, with unclear linkage to transcriptomic information. Here, we applied a physics-based motor-clutch model, a cell migration simulator (CMS), to parameterize the migration of glioblastoma cells and define physical biomarkers on a patient-by-patient basis. We reduced the 11-dimensional parameter space of the CMS into 3D to identify three principal physical parameters that govern cell migration: motor number – describing myosin II activity, clutch number – describing adhesion level, and F-actin polymerization rate. Experimentally, we found that glioblastoma patient-derived (xenograft) (PD(X)) cell lines across mesenchymal (MES), proneural (PN), classical (CL) subtypes and two institutions (N=13 patients) had optimal motility and traction force on stiffnesses around 9.3kPa, with otherwise heterogeneous and uncorrelated motility, traction, and F-actin flow. By contrast, with the CMS parameterization, we found glioblastoma cells consistently had balanced motor/clutch ratios to enable effective migration, and that MES cells had higher actin polymerization rates resulting in higher motility. The CMS also predicted differential sensitivity to cytoskeletal drugs between patients. Finally, we identified 11 genes that correlated with the physical parameters, suggesting that transcriptomic data alone could potentially predict the mechanics and speed of glioblastoma cell migration. Overall, we describe a general physics-based framework for parameterizing individual glioblastoma patients and connecting to clinical transcriptomic data, that can potentially be used to develop patient-specific anti-migratory therapeutic strategies generally.Significance StatementSuccessful precision medicine requires biomarkers to define patient states and identify personalized treatments. While biomarkers are generally based on expression levels of protein and/or RNA, we ultimately seek to alter fundamental cell behaviors such as cell migration, which drives tumor invasion and metastasis. Our study defines a new approach for using biophysics-based models to define mechanical biomarkers that can be used to identify patient-specific anti-migratory therapeutic strategies.
Convergence in sympatric swallowtail butterflies reveals ecological interactions as a key driver of worldwide trait diversification
Authors: Puissant Agathe , Chotard Ariane , Condamine Fabien , Llaurens Violaine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEcological interactions may fuel phenotypic diversification in sympatric species. While competition can enhance trait divergence, other ecological interactions may promote convergence in sympatric species. Within butterflies, evolutionary convergences in wing color patterns have been reported between distantly-related species, especially in females from palatable species, where mimetic color patterns are promoted by predator communities shared with defended species living in sympatry. Wing color patterns are also often involved in species recognition in butterflies, and divergence in this trait has been reported in closely-related species living in sympatry as a result of reproductive character displacement. Here we investigate the effect of sympatry between species on the convergence vs. divergence of their wing color patterns in relation to phylogenetic distance, focusing on the iconic swallowtail butterflies (family Papilionidae). We developed a new unsupervised machine-learning-based method to estimate phenotypic distances among wing color patterns from 337 species allowing to finely quantify morphological diversity at global scale within and among species, allowing to compute pairwise phenotypic distances between sympatric and allopatric species pairs. We found that sympatry promoted strong convergence, while divergence in sympatry was less frequent and weaker. The effect of sympatry on convergence was stronger on females than males, suggesting that differential selective pressures acting on the two sexes drove sexual dimorphism. Our results highlight the significant effect of ecological interactions driven by predation pressures on trait diversification in Papilionidae and evidence the interaction between phylogenetic proximity and ecological interactions in sympatry acting on macroevolutionary patterns of phenotypic diversification.
Laminin-defined Mechanical Status Modulates Retinal Pigment Epithelium Functionality
Authors: Kozyrina Aleksandra N. , Piskova Teodora , Semeraro Francesca , Doolaar Iris C. , Prapty Taspia , Haraszti Tamás , Hubert Maxime , Windoffer Reinhard , Leube Rudolf E. , Smith Ana-Sunčana , Di Russo Jacopo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEpithelial cells are highly interconnected, whereby they acquire mesoscale mechanical properties to accomplish specific tissue functions. In homeostasis, this mechanical status can be summarised as mechanical homeostasis, regulated by the balance of intercellular tension and extracellular matrix adhesion forces. In the outer retina, the significance of this force balance and its consequences for vision remains poorly understood. We found that the density of basement membrane laminins modulates the level of retinal pigmented epithelium contractility, which directly controls its efficiency in phagocytosing photoreceptor outer segments.In vivo, the density gradient of laminins follows retinal functional demand, supporting the physiological role of laminins in controlling epithelial mechanical homeostasis. Our data suggest that laminin density and isoform heterogeneity can differentially engage integrins β1 and β4, the ratio of which determines the contribution of actin vs keratin cytoskeleton in balancing tissue mechanics. With this work, we suggest that the extracellular matrix-defined mechanical status of retinal pigmented epithelium is a novel parameter for visual function.SignificanceIn the retina, the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) is responsible for the daily phagocytosis of photoreceptor cell fragments, a process vital for visual function. Along the visual axis, there is a natural decrease in the ratio of photoreceptors to RPE cells, indicating a decrease in RPE functional demand. This study reveals that the density of laminins in RPE basement membrane also diminishes along this axis, critically influencing RPE function by regulating its contractility. For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of a laminin- defined mechanical gradient within the RPE, which determines its capacity to support photoreceptor cells. Our findings highlight the importance of mechanical properties as a key factor in visual function, offering new insights into retinal health and disease.
In situ characterization of late Chikungunya virus replication organelle
Authors: Girard Justine , Le-Bihan Olivier , Lai-Kee-Him Joséphine , Girleanu Maria , Bernard Eric , Castellarin Cedric , Neyret Aymeric , Spehner Danièle , Holy Xavier , Favier Anne-Laure , Briant Laurence , Bron Patrick 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTChikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen responsible for an acute musculo-skeletal disease in humans. The viral RNA genome replication occurs in membrane spherules named replication organelles (ROs). In this work, we investigate the native structural organization of CHIKV ROs in their cellular context usingin situcryogenic-electron microscopy approaches at late replication stage. We observed previously unreported diameter heterogeneity of ROs at the plasma membrane of infected human cells. CHIKV ROs were only marginally detected in cytopathic vacuoles where they are homogeneous in size, suggesting a finely regulated internalization process. Our data show that ROs maintained at the plasma membrane beyond the first viral cycle are dynamically active both in viral RNA replication, in its export to the cell cytosol, but also in the production of viral proteins. We suggest that late CHIKV ROs have an amplifying role or represent an alternative pathway in the production of infectious viral particles. All these observations bring new insight into the CHIKV life cycle in human cells.
Happy customers means more business – a comparative study of a global food chain in the COVID-19 endemic era
Authors: Srivastava Rajesh Kumar 
Published: February 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the factors influencing the happiness of customers of two global coffee food chains through qualitative research in the post pandemic era. Unlike existing studies, this study will compare and examine the differential points between two global coffee food chains so that others can improve their strategies to improve their competitiveness.Design/methodology/approachIt is qualitative research employing sentiment analysis through “Sprinkler Software” to assess the sentiment of customers of Starbucks and Barista followed by focus interviews through the same customers who have visited both Starbucks and Barista.FindingsThe results showed that most important factors which motivate customers and make them happy to go for “Starbucks” or “Barista” are ambience, store location, quality of product offerings and service quality. Value for money, quality of products and service quality are the top three variables affecting the customers and have rated Starbucks better than Barista on these parameters. The happiness level of the same customers who have visited both the coffee chains is more with Starbucks compared to Barista.Originality/valueThis research contributes to better understanding the effects of different marketing strategies adopted by coffee chain stores and can provide direction to Barista and other coffee chains. The stimulus-organism-response (SOR) model in coffee chain store application is an additional contribution to existing knowledge.Highlights Most important factors which motivate customers and make them happy to go for “Starbucks” or “Barista” are ambience, store location, quality of product offerings and service quality.Value for money, quality of products and service quality are the top three variables affecting the customers and have rated Starbucks better than Barista on these parameters.The happiness level of the same customers who have visited both the coffee chains are more with Starbuck compared to that of Barista.This is significant and can give direction to Barista and other coffee chains through learning from this research.Using the extended SOR model, we explain the variation in response in the happiness level of customers of two coffee chains.In order to give an insight into the strategies adopted by Starbucks and Barista in emerging markets, a comparison of the happiness levels of clients of both coffee chains is presented.This original research can help coffee chains improve their return on investment.The SOR model in coffee chain store application is an additional contribution to existing knowledge.
Seeing past different signals in the job interview: information improves ratings of candidates on the autism spectrum
Authors: Comer Debra R. , Lenaghan Janet A. , Motro Daphna 
Published: February 2023

PurposeThe authors used signaling theory to explain negative perceptions of individuals on the autism spectrum (IotAS) in the job interview and explored whether parasocial contact could improve perceptions.Design/methodology/approachParticipants were randomly assigned across six experimental conditions. Some received information that IotAS' social and communication differences prevent them from attaining jobs they could perform (information), some received this information and watched a video showing IotAS working competently (parasocial contact) and others were exposed to neither information nor video (control). Participants then watched a mock interview of a job candidate presenting as an IotAS or neurotypical and gave their first impressions of him, perceptions of his job suitability and selection decision.FindingsParticipants had less favorable first impressions of the IotAS-presenting candidate and perceived him as having lower job suitability and were therefore less likely to select him. Parasocial contact had no effect. However, participants who had received information that IotAS' differences keep them from being hired for jobs they could do perceived the IotAS-presenting candidate as more suitable for the job and had greater intentions to interact with and select him.Originality/valueThe authors enhance understanding of autism in the workplace by explaining how IotAS' signaling behavior during a job interview impedes their selection. The authors also provide evidence that a brief message that IotAS' social and communication differences keep them from securing jobs they could perform can promote IotAS' selection by focusing decision-makers on their job-relevant qualifications.
How discretionary HR practices influence employee job satisfaction: the mediating role of job crafting
Authors: Ekmekcioglu Emre Burak , Nabawanuka Hamidah 
Published: February 2023

PurposeThis study aims to examine the relationship between discretionary human resource (HR) practices and job satisfaction, as well as the mediating role of job crafting in the relationship between discretionary HR practices and job satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 302 employees working in an information and communications technology (ICT) industry in Turkey. Structural equation modelling and bootstrapping procedure were used to test the hypothesized relationships.FindingsThe findings suggest that discretionary HR practices are significantly and positively related to employees' job satisfaction. The results also show that discretionary HR practices stimulates job satisfaction through job crafting.Research limitations/implicationsBecause this study was conducted using a cross-sectional research methodology with data acquired from the same source, conclusions concerning the causality of the variables cannot be inferred. The findings in this study have significant implications for human resource practitioners and business owners who invest in their employees to enhance both employee and organizational performance. The findings show that investment in HR practices prompt employees to be more proactive in devising measures and ways of performing their jobs which increases their job satisfaction hence bringing about desirable and favorable organizational outcomes.Originality/valueThis study adds to the growing body of research on the relationship between HRM and job satisfaction by investigating at the predictive influence of discretionary HR practices as well as the mediating role that job crafting plays.
Relationship between misinformation spreading behaviour and true/false judgments and literacy: an empirical analysis of COVID-19 vaccine and political misinformation in Japan
Authors: Yamaguchi Shinichi , Tanihara Tsukasa 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
In recent years, the social impact of misinformation has intensified. The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism by which misinformation spreads in society.

Design/methodology/approach
Testing the following two hypotheses by a logit model analysis of survey data using actual fact-checked COVID-19 vaccine and political misinformation: people who believe that some misinformation is true are more likely to spread it than those who do not believe in its truthfulness; people with lower media and information literacy are more likely to spread misinformation than people with higher media and information literacy.

Findings
The two hypotheses are supported, and the trend was generally robust regardless of the method, whether the means of diffusion was social media or direct conversation.

Social implications
The authors derived the following four implications from the results: governments need to further promote media information literacy education; platform service providers should consider mechanisms to facilitate the spread and display of posts by people who are aware of misinformation; fact-checking should be further promoted; people should acquire information based on the assumption that people who believe in some misinformation tend to spread it more.

Originality/value
First, it quantitatively clarifies the relationship between misinformation, true/false judgements and dissemination behaviour. Second, it quantitatively clarifies the relationship between literacy and misinformation dissemination behaviour. Third, it conducts a comprehensive analysis of diffusion behaviours, including those outside of social media.