bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymphocytes Surface Membrane Immunoglobulin in Myeloma
Authors: Gebel Howard M. , Hoover Richard G. , Lynch Richard G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
MOPC-315 is a BALB/c plasmacytoma that produces an IgA anti-TNP antibody (M315). 315/+ is a line derived from MOPC-315 and differentiates during in vivo growth from M315-producing, nonsecreting, lymphocytoid cells to large M315-secreting plasmacytoid cells. Studies were conducted to determine whether the small M315-bearing mononuclear cells, which account for more than one-third of the circulating mononuclear cells in mice with 315/+ tumors, were myeloma cells or host lymphocytes. Experiments conducted in CBF1 mice demonstrated that the circulating M315-bearing cells were of F1, rather than tumor, origin. Serologic and ultrastructural studies demonstrated that the cells were post-thymic T lymphocytes. After proteolytic removal, surface M315 was reexpressed in vitro by 315/+ cells, but not by T cells. M315-bearing T cells accounted for 0 to 4% of circulating mononuclear cells in mice with 315/P, a variant of MOPC-315 in which all cells synthesize M315, but only 2% of the cells are secretory. There was no obvious relationship between the frequency of M315-bearing lymphocytes and development of the humoral immunodeficiency that accompanies myeloma. These findings 1) identify an association between high levels of M315 secretion and development of M315-bearing T cells; 2) favor the view that M315 is acquired, rather than produced by host T cells; 3) raise the possibility that T cells with IgA-Fc receptors may be increased in mice with 315/+ tumors; and 4) are discussed relative to the mechanisms that have been proposed in the literature to account for the occurrence and significance of circulating, M-component-bearing lymphoid cells in murine and human myeloma.
An Immunologic Approach for the Detection of Tumor Cells in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Malignant Lymphoma; Implications for the Diagnosis of Minimal Disease
Authors: Ligler Frances S. , Vitetta Ellen S. , Smith R. Graham , Himes Joyce B. , Uhr Jonathan W. , Frenkel Eugene P. , Kettman John R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lymphocytes were isolated from infiltrated lymph nodes and blood of eight patients with malignant lymphocytic lymphoma. All patients had normal numbers of circulating lymphocytes with normal morphology. None of the patients had serum paraproteins. The isolated lymphocytes from patients and controls were stained with affinity purified antibody specific for κ- or λ-light chains and analyzed by using a fluorescence activated cell sorter. Cells from infiltrated nodes stained for only one light chain type at high levels of fluorescence intensity. An increase in the number of brightly stained cells bearing the light chain type found in the involved node was readily detected in the peripheral blood of all but one of the patients with lymphoma. Similar changes in the ratio of κ+- to λ+-cells were not observed in 41 samples from normal individuals and patients with other diseases.
In Vitro Immune Response of Human Peripheral Lymphocytes
Authors: Hirano Toshio , Kishimoto Tadamitsu , Kuritani Taro , Muraguchi Atsushi , Yamamura Yuichi , Ralph Peter , Good Robert A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An antiserum to a human T leukemia cell line, HSB, absorbed with the homologous B cell line, SB, reacted with three of five T cell lines, none of five B cell lines, and none of three other human hematopoietic cell lines. The absorbed antiserum (αHSB) killed 23 to 56% normal peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) T cells, depending on the donor, but not B cells. Treatment of purified PBL T cells with αHSB and complement (C) had no specific effect on their mitogenic responses of PHA and Con A mitogens, but partially inhibited MLC reactions. αHSB and C had no effect on helper T cells or B lymphocytes in pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced immunoglobulin (Ig) production. When continuously present in the culture, αHSB at 1:400 dilution almost completely inhibited IgG and IgM production induced by PWM. T cells pretreated with αHSB for 3 days and washed were capable of inhibiting Ig production by normal PBL at ratios less than 1:100. In contrast, αHSB-treated B cells had no effect on PWM induction of Ig. The suppressor T cells induced by αHSB carried an antigen recognized by the antiserum on their surface as shown by removal of suppression by pretreatment with αHSB and C. αHSB-treated T cells secreted a soluble factor suppressing Ig production by PWM-stimulated PBL.
Studies of the Molecular Mechanisms of C3b Inactivation and a Simplified Assay of β1H and the C3b Inactivator (C3bINA)
Authors: Gaither Thelma A. , Hammer Carl H. , Frank Michael M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A sensitive radio assay was developed to evaluate and quantitate the function of the control proteins important in the cleavage of cell-bound C3b and in the release of the subfragment C3c. In addition, the effects of the control proteins on C3b functional hemolytic activity and on C3b immune adherence reactivity were measured. The cellular complement intermediate EAC43b was prepared with highly purified radiolabeled C3. The effects of incubation with β1H and the C3b inactivator were followed over a wide range of protein concentrations, and the kinetics of the interaction was measured. Incubation of EAC43b* with β1H led to some decrease in immune adherence activity but no loss in C3b functional hemolytic activity and no change in the integrity of the α- or β-chains. Addition of C3b inactivator to the membrane-bound β1H-C3b complex led to a single cleavage of the C3b α-chain without release of the C3c fragment from the cellular site. This led to complete loss of C3b functional hemolytic activity. The α-chain cleavage led to loss but not complete disappearance of immune adherence reactivity. The action of both β1H and the C3b inactivator on cell-bound C3b led to the appearance of a trypsin-sensitive bond within the α-chain. Addition of trypsin led to a second cleavage of the α-chain and the release of the radiolabeled C3c fragment. In kinetic studies the appearance of the trypsin-sensitive bond was shown to parallel the loss of C3b functional hemolytic activity. Kinetic studies demonstrated that both plasma and serum contain all of the ingredients for a C3b-cleaving system. By utilizing this sensitive radio-release assay, the functional titers of C3b inactivator in the serum of 15 normal individuals were found to be 11,310 ± 666 S.E. The mean β1H titer for 12 normal individuals was 20,600 ± 873. This assay can be used to quantitate the level of the trypsin-like enzyme as well. The assay provides a simple method to quantitate and evaluate the function of the C3b control proteins.
Qa-1-Associated Antigens
Authors: Kastner Daniel L. , Rich Robert R. , Shen Fung-Win 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this report we present evidence for the generation of H-2-nonrestricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for determinants encoded in the Qa-1 region of the 17th chromosome. B10.BR (Qa-1a) CTL primed in vivo and restimulated in vitro with H-2-identical AKR, C3H, or CBA (Qa-1b) splenocytes lysend Qa-1b targets, irrespective of their H-2 haplotypes. Immunizations in the reverse direction produced H-2-nonrestricted CTL that lysed Qa-1a but not Qa-1b targets. Mapping experiments with target cells from B6 congenic mice confirmed that the locus controlling these reactions lies in the Qa-1 region. Although it has been difficult to raise antisera against Qa-1b gene products, our cytotoxic data argue that the recognition of the products of the Qa-1 region is bidirectional.
Determinants encoded in the Qa-1 region, detected serologically or by CTL, were found on both T and B cell blasts. We also found that an antiserum against Qa-1a gene products specifically blocked the cell-mediated killing of Qa-1a targets, thus suggesting that CTL and antibodies bind products of the same genetic locus. Whether Qa-1 is a single locus or a complex of serologically and CTL-defined genes, the nonrestricted nature of anti-Qa-1 CTL suggests important functional and structural similarities between Qa-1 and the murine major histocompatibility complex.
Demonstration of Mouse Serum IgD
Authors: Finkelman Fred D. , Woods Virgil L. , Berning Alice , Scher Irwin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Although the mouse would provide an excellent experimental model for the study of serum IgD function, previous investigations have failed to detect serum IgD in this species. We have developed an immunofluorescence inhibition assay that has allowed us to identify and quantitate mouse serum IgD. Mouse sera or serum fractions were assayed for their abilities to inhibit staining of mouse spleen cells with an allotype-specific fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled rabbit antibody against mouse cell-surface IgD (FITC-RaMδa), as analyzed with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. FITC-RaMδa stains surface IgD+ spleen cells of mouse strains that have surface(s) sIgD of the a allotype, such as BALB/c, but not strains that have surface IgD of the b allotype, such as C57BL/6 or C.B20, which have the C57BL/6 CH genome on a BALB/c background. The staining of BALB/c lymphocytes by FITC-RaMδa was inhibited by BALB/c serum, but not by C57BL/6 or C.B20 serum. The staining was also not inhibited by BALB/c sera that had been adsorbed with rabbit anti-mouse Ig or a mouse hybridoma protein anti-mouse δ, or by BALB/c IgG, IgM, or IgA plasmacytoma proteins. These data strongly suggest that mice have IgD in their serum. Mouse serum IgD is probably secreted rather than shed from B cells, since amounts of serum IgD and splenic IgD in the same mice did not correlate with each other and serum IgD and shed sIgD had different density profiles.
Studies of Congenitally Immunologic Mutant New Zealand Mice
Authors: Ohsugi Yoshiyuki , Gershwin M. Eric 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
There is a growing data base suggesting the existence of a primary B cell defect in New Zealand mice. To identify and characterize this possibility further, attention has been focused on developmental aspects of B lymphocyte clone formation in congenitally athymic (nude), hereditarily asplenic (Dh/+), conventionally housed, and germfree New Zealand Black (NZB) mice. Lipopolysaccharide-induced and background B lymphocyte cloning of fetal liver, spleen, lymph node, bone marrow, and thymus in semisolid agar was compared in NZB mice to age-matched NZW, BALB/c, C57BL/6, C3H/He, and DBA/2N mice. The number of splenic B cell colony-forming cells and the peak day for colony formation were similar for BALB/c, C57BL/6, C3H/He, and DBA/2N mice; adult values were reached by 14 to 30 days and were approximately 400/2.5 × 104 cells. A slightly higher value, with similar age kinetics, was observed in NZW mice. In contrast, NZB mice have statistically higher values compared to other strains from birth through 2 months of age; peak adult values were approximately 860/2.5 × 104 splenic cells. Moreover, with age, the number of splenic colony-forming cells rapidly diminished and was significantly reduced after 6 months. Similar data were obtained when B lymphocyte clones were compared by using bone marrow and lymph node. Further, the number of B lymphocyte clones of 17-day-old NZB fetal liver was significantly higher than in control mice. Finally, of particular interest, the number of B lymphocyte clones in NZB Dh/+ mice was similar to that +/+ mice and the number of B lymphocyte clones in NZB nude mice was similar to that in nude/+ littermates, suggesting that this B cell defect is thymus independent and unrelated to antigen-nonspecific suppressor function.
A Monoclonal Antibody with Selective Reactivity with Functionally Mature Human Thymocytes and All Peripheral Human T Cells
Authors: Reinherz Ellis L. , Kung Patrick C. , Goldstein Gideon , Schlossman Stuart F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A monoclonal antibody directed at a determinant on human peripheral blood T cells was produced and characterized. This hybridoma antibody, termed OKT1, was reactive by indirect immunofluorescence with the entire human peripheral blood T cell population and a subset of human thymocytes. In contrast, OKT1 was unreactive with normal B cells, Null cells, macrophages, and ≥90% of human thymocytes. These findings suggested that OKT1 defines a mature T cell differentiation antigen. In support of this notion was the observation that T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells were nonreactive with OKT1, whereas T cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells were reactive. Concomitant functional studies on FACS-separated lymphocytes showed that the T cell proliferative responses to mitogens and soluble and cell surface antigens were contained in the OKT1+ population. Fractionation of peripheral blood T cells into strongly and weakly reactive OKT1+ subgroups uncovered no functional T cell heterogeneity. In addition, when the thymocyte population was separated into OKT1+ and OKT1- subsets, only the OKT1+ thymocytes were MLC responsive. However, unlike peripheral T cells, neither the OKT1+ or OKT1- thymocytes proliferated to the mitogens PHA and Con A. Thus, OKT1+ thymocytes are functionally distinct from OKT1+ peripheral blood T cells. These studies show that a hybridoma antibody can be produced that detects a human differentiation antigen that appears during late intrathymic T cell ontogeny and persists on peripheral T cells.
Stimulators and Inhibitors of Lymphocyte DNA Synthesis in Supernatants from Human Lymphoid Cell Lines
Authors: Vesole David H. , Goust Jean-Michel , Fett James W. , Fudenberg H. Hugh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Some T and B lymphoid cell lines (LCL) were found to secrete into their supernatants a substance able to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation. This substance produced an increase in [3H]thymidine uptake by mononuclear cells when added to unstimulated cultures (mitogenic effect) or when added to cultures stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM) (potentiating effect). When complete supernatants were used, the potentiating effect was sometimes masked by an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Fractionation on Sephadex G-100 separated these two activities. The stimulatory substance eluted at a m.w. range of 15,000 to 30,000, and the inhibitor eluted with the albumin peak. B cells with or without monocytes were the most sensitive to the mitogenic effect, whereas T cells were unaffected. Responses to PHA and PWM were potentiated when T cells were present, but the maximum effect was observed when the proportion of T cells was less than 50%. The stimulatory material may be similar to lymphocyte mitogenic factor and may function as a T cell-replacing factor in B cell stimulation.
Demonstration of Circulating Immune Complexes in Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Lawley Thomas J. , Moutsopoulos Haralampos M. , Katz Stephen I. , Theofilopoulos Argyrios N. , Chused Thomas M. , Frank Michael M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The sera of patients with Sjögren's syndrome have been examined for circulating immune complexes with the 125I-C1q binding assay and the Raji cell radioimmunoassay. Elevated 125I-C1q binding was found in the sera of 47 of 55 patients (85%) and a positive Raji cell assay was found in the sera of 17 of 20 patients (85%). The two assay showed concordance of 90% in the detection of circulating immune complexes. The amount of immune complexes as detected by the Raji cell assay was not correlated with the titer of IgM or IgG rheumatoid factor. Interestingly, however, a positive association was found between the C1q-binding activity and the titer of IgM rheumatoid factor (Spearman rank correlation coefficient [rho = 0.551], p &lt; 0.0005) although there was no association between C1q-binding activity and the amount of IgG rheumatoid factor. In order to investigate further the positive association of C1q-binding activity and IgM rheumatoid factor, sera were treated with either 2-mercaptoethanol to dissociate 19S IgM RF or solid phase protein A to absorb IgG and were then analyzed for C1q-binding activity and IgM rheumatoid factor. Pretreatment of the sera with 2-mercaptoethanol resulted in complete elimination of IgM rheumatoid factor activity but only slight to moderate reductions in C1q-binding activity. Partially purified IgM rheumatoid factor when added to normal human serum did not result in increased C1q-binding activity. All C1q-binding activity could be removed from Sjögren's syndrome sera by absorption with solid phase protein A, which at the same time caused slight to moderate decreases in the IgM rheumatoid factor titer. These findings indicate that a high percentage of patients with Sjögren's syndrome have circulating immune complexes most of which are distinct from 19S IgM and IgG rheumatoid factor.
The Enzymatic Nature of Human C1r̄: A Subcomponent of the First Component of Complement
Authors: Andrews Judith M. , Baillie Richard D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The esterase activity of the Clr̄ subcomponent of the first component of complement has been investigated. Clr̄ was found to hydrolyze two amino acid methyl esters; N-acetyl-L-arginine methyl ester and N-acetyl-glycyl-L-lysine methyl ester, and two amino acid p-nitro-phenyl esters, N-carbobenzyloxy-L-tyrosine-p-nitro-phenyl ester and Nα-carbobenzyloxy-L-lysine-p-nitrophenyl ester. A detailed kinetic analysis of the hydrolysis of N-Z-L-Tyr-ONp by Clr̄ revealed that the enzymatic activity per microgram of protein decreased as the Clr̄ concentration was increased. the loss of activity suggested that above 0.5 µM Clr̄ was undergoing aggregation with a loss of active sites. Similarly, when Clr̄ was titrated with the active site titrant p-nitrophenyl-p-guanidinobenzoate the number of titratable sites per milligram of protein decreased with increasing protein concentration. The hydrolysis of N-Z-L-Tyr-ONp by Clr̄ was inhibited by several synthetic inhibitors including phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride, p-amidinophenylmeth-anesulfonylfluoride, diisopropylfluorophosphate, and p-tosyl-L-lysine-chloromethyl ketone. However, the peptide esterase inhibitors Trasylol, hirudin, leupeptin, and Cl̄ esterase inhibitor had no effect on the esterase activity of Clr̄.
Distinct Effects of Thymic Epithelial Culture Supernatants on T Cell Properties of Mouse Thymocytes Separated by the Use of Peanut Agglutinin
Authors: Kruisbeek Ada M. , Astaldi Giulia C. B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Supernatants from thymic epithelial cultures (TES), a putative analogue of thymic humoral function, are shown to induce strong cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses when added to primary mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) with thymocytes as responder cells. No enhancing effects of TES are observed with spleen cells or hydrocortisone-resistant thymocytes. These effects of TES on functional T cell parameters are accompanied by a reduction in part of the thymocytes in Thy 1 antigen density and sensitivity to hydrocortisone (HC). Inasmuch as immunocompetent T cells are found only among the HC-resistant thymocytes expressing a low Thy-1 antigen density, these findings suggest a TES-induced maturation process of thymocytes.
In addition, we attempted to answer the question of whether the enhancing effects of TES on T cell-proliferative capacity and T cell killer function of thymocytes are due to an effect on previously unresponsive immature T cells or merely to extra stimulation of already responsive cells. Using the peanut agglutinin (PNA)-agglutination technique as a reversible probe, we could now demonstrate that TES affects the T cell-proliferative and CTL responses of the PNA-agglutinating thymocytes only. These findings support the concept that TES induces maturation of immature thymocytes, inasmuch as the PNA-agglutinating cells represent the immunoincompetent cells which are rich in Thy 1 and poor in H-2 antigens and HC sensitive. The PNA-nonagglutinating thymocytes exhibited high reactivity in all the functional assays investigated (like HC-resistant thymocytes), and this could not be further enhanced by TES.
Together with the observation that supernatants from nonthymic epithelial cultures or from thymic lymphocyte cultures exhibit no effects on any of the abovementioned parameters, these findings suggest that TES represents a relevant in vitro model for studying thymic humoral function.
Augmentation of Antigen-Stimulated Histamine Release from Human Basophils by Serum-Treated Zymosan Particles
Authors: Thomas Larry L. , Findlay Steven R. , Lichtenstein Lawrence M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It was observed previously that serum-treated zymosan particles (Zx) augmented antigen and anti-IgE stimulated histamine release. With most of the enhancement attributed to an increased rate of release, this suggested that Zx was active only during the course of IgE-mediated release. This association between IgE-mediated histamine release and responsiveness to Zx was examined further in the present report. Addition of Zx at various time intervals after release had been initiated indicated that the basophil responsiveness to Zx was limited in duration; maximum responsiveness to Zx correlated closely with the period in which the rate of IgE-mediated histamine release was maximum. The time-dependent decline in sensitivity to Zx paralleled the kinetics for desensitization to antigen. Addition of Zx failed to cause release from basophils desensitized in vitro or from basophils of a donor who failed to release histamine upon challenge with anti-IgE. In contrast to the enhancement of IgE-mediated release, Zx did not augment histamine release caused by C5a or the synthetic peptide f-Met-Leu-Phe. It is concluded that an obligatory link exists between ongoing IgE-mediated histamine release and enhancement by Zx.
Primary in Vitro Immunogenicity of Liposomal Model Membranes in Mouse Spleen Cell Cultures
Authors: Yasuda Tatsuji , Tadakuma Takushi , Pierce Carl W. , Kinsky Stephen C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Neither 2,4-dinitrophenyl-6-N-aminocaproylphosphatidylethanolamine (DNP-Cap-PE) nor fluoresceinthiocarbamylphosphatidylethanolamine (F1-PE) induces hapten-specific plaque-forming cells (PFC) when incubated with suspensions of spleen cells from unimmunized C57BL/6J mice. However, PFC are produced after incorporation of these synthetic lipid antigens into liposomal model membranes. The in vitro response is characterized by the following: a) it is time and dose dependent; b) the frequency of IgM PFC exceeds IgG PFC; c) both nonadherent and adherent cells are required (2-mercaptoethanol can replace the requirement for adherent cells in some experiments); d) depletion of thymusderived cells by treatment with anti-ϑ antiserum plus complement does not diminish the response; e) spleen cells from nude BALB/c mice also produce PFC. Thus, the essential features of the in vivo immunogenicity of DNP-Cap-PE and F1-PE sensitized liposomes, which have been previously described, can be replicated in an in vitro cell culture system.