bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Narrating science: Can it benefit science learning, and how? A theoretical review
Authors: Soares Sara , Gonçalves Matilde , Jerónimo Rita , Kolinsky Régine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNarrative texts have been advocated as tools to tackle science learning challenges, and there is even the proposal of a “narrative effect” on learning. We believe it is necessary to examine previous evidence on this effect, as well as to characterize the process of learning through science narrative texts more broadly. In this article, we offer a theoretical review drawing on three frameworks, namely on pedagogical aspects of text learning, linguistic features of texts, and cognitive aspects of text comprehension. Based on that, we analyzed two complementary questions. First, we reviewed 36 studies to ask if science narrative texts can benefit learning and memory outcomes at different educational levels (i.e., the “If” question). We found encouraging evidence for the use of science narrative texts at various educational levels, especially in delayed assessments and longer‐lasting interventions. Second, we gathered and linked ideas, hints, and evidence on how the process of learning with science narrative texts takes place, namely on conditions and underlying processes (i.e., the “How” question). There are many features from conditions (texts, learners, activities, wider context) and underlying processes (integration with prior knowledge, affective dispositions, and cognitive abilities) that can help to account for variability in outcomes; yet, ideas and evidence are not always tightly connected. We suggest that education and research should focus on specific narrative effects, that specify with what (texts), with whom (learners), when and where (activities and wider context) these effects occur, as well as “why” (underlying processes). We believe the proposed framing can help both make sense of previous evidence and inform future educational practices and research and provide some recommendations in this regard.
Prediction of postnatal circulation in pulmonary atresia/critical stenosis with intact ventricular septum: systematic review and external validation of models
Authors: Villalaín C. , Moon‐Grady A. J. , Herberg U. , Strainic J. , Cohen J. L. , Shah A. , Levi D. S. , Gómez‐Montes E. , Herraiz I. , Galindo A. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveA favorable postnatal prognosis in cases of pulmonary atresia/critical stenosis with intact ventricular septum (PA/CS‐IVS) is generally equated with the possibility of achieving biventricular (BV) repair. Identification of fetuses that will have postnatal univentricular (UV) circulation is key for prenatal counseling, optimization of perinatal care and decision‐making regarding fetal therapy. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of published models for predicting postnatal circulation in PA/CS‐IVS using a large internationally derived validation cohort.MethodsThis was a systematic review of published uni‐ and multiparametric models for the prediction of postnatal circulation based on echocardiographic findings at between 20 and 28 weeks of gestation. Models were externally validated using data from the International Fetal Cardiac Intervention Registry. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curves (AUCs) and proportion of cases with true vs predicted outcome were calculated.ResultsEleven published studies that reported prognostic parameters of postnatal circulation were identified. Models varied widely in terms of the main outcome (UV (n = 3), non‐BV (n = 3), BV (n = 3), right‐ventricle‐dependent coronary circulation (n = 1) or tricuspid valve size at birth (n = 1)) and in terms of the included predictors (single parameters only (n = 6), multiparametric score (n = 4) or both (n = 1)), and were developed on small sample sizes (range, 15–38). Nine models were validated externally given the availability of the required parameters in the validation cohort. Tricuspid valve diameter Z‐score, tricuspid regurgitation, ratios between right and left cardiac structures and the presence of ventriculocoronary connections (VCC) were the most commonly evaluated parameters. Multiparametric models including up to four variables (ratios between right and left structures, right ventricular inflow duration, presence of VCC and tricuspid regurgitation) had the best performance (AUC, 0.80–0.89). Overall, the risk of UV outcome was underestimated and that of BV outcome was overestimated by most models.ConclusionsCurrent prenatal models for the prediction of postnatal outcome in PA/CS‐IVS are heterogeneous. Multiparametric models for predicting UV and non‐BV circulation perform well in identifying BV patients but have low sensitivity, underestimating the rate of fetuses that will ultimately have UV circulation. Until better discrimination can be achieved, fetal interventions may need to be limited to only those cases in which non‐BV postnatal circulation is certain. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Serum amyloid A does not predict non‐survival in hospitalised adult horses with acute colitis
Authors: Runge Kira Elisabeth , Bak Maj , Vestergaard Amalie , Stærk‐Østergaard Jacob , Jacobsen Stine , Pihl Tina Holberg 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPredicting non‐survival in horses with acute colitis improves early decision making. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prognostic value of serum amyloid A (SAA) and other clinicopathological and clinical variables in adult horses with acute colitis.MethodsClinical variables, SAA and other blood biomarkers, including plasma L‐lactate (lactate), were assessed in 176 horses with acute colitis. A multivariate model for the prediction of non‐survival was constructed. Icelandic horses were analysed separately.ResultsAdmission SAA was similar in survivors (median 548 mg/L; range 0–5453 mg/L) and non‐survivors (396 mg/L; 0–5294) (p = 0.43). A model for non‐survival included year of admission, lactate, heart rate, age and colic duration of more than 24 hours. Icelandic horses had a relative risk of 2.9 (95% confidence interval = 2.2–3.8) for acute colitis compared to other breeds. Lactate in Icelandic horses was higher than that in other breeds in both survivors (4.0 mmol/L, range 1.0–12.7 vs. 2.0, 0.7–12.5) and non‐survivors (10.0, 1.5–26 vs. 5.4, 0.8–22) (p < 0.001).LimitationsThe prognostic value of repeated measurements of SAA could not be assessed in this study, as 71% of the non‐surviving horses died within a day of admission.ConclusionAdmission SAA did not predict non‐survival. Breed needs consideration when lactate is evaluated as a predictor for non‐survival in horses with colitis.
Counterfactuals with Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Variation
Authors: Battistin Erich , Bertoni Marco 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInference about the causal effects of a policy intervention requires knowledge of what would have happened to the outcome of the units affected had the policy not taken place. Since this counterfactual quantity is never observed, the empirical investigation of causal effects must deal with a missing data problem. Random variation in the assignment to the policy offers a solution, under some assumptions. We discuss identification of policy effects when participation to the policy is determined by a lottery (randomized designs), when participation is only partially influenced by a lottery (instrumental variation), and when participation depends on eligibility criteria making a subset of participant and non-participant units as good as randomly assigned to the policy (regression discontinuity designs). We offer guidelines for empirical analysis in each of these settings and provide some applications of the methods proposed to the evaluation of education policies.
Correlation Is Not Causation, Yet… Matching and Weighting for Better Counterfactuals
Authors: Negri Fedra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAnyone who has attended a statistics class has heard the old adage “correlation does not imply causation,” usually followed by a series of hilarious graphs showing spurious correlations. Even if we strongly agree with it, this reminder has been taken a little too far: it is repeated like a mantra to criticize every observational study as being unable to detect causation behind statistical association. This chapter helps the reader go beyond the mantra, firstly, by explaining that “correlation does not imply causation” in observational studies because of selection bias (i.e. the composition of treatment and control groups follows a non-random selection) and parametric model dependence. Then, it introduces readers to weighting and matching techniques, smart statistical tools for reducing imbalance in the empirical distribution of pretreatment covariates between the treatment and control groups. Lastly, it provides an empirical illustration by focusing on two powerful algorithms: the entropy balancing (EB) and the coarsened exact matching (CEM). The chapter ends with caveats.
Causal Inference and Policy Evaluation from Case Studies Using Bayesian Process Tracing
Authors: Bennett Andrew 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCase studies enable policy-relevant causal inferences when experimental and quasi-experimental methods are not possible. Even when other methods are possible, case studies can strengthen inferences either as a standalone method or as part of a multimethod research design. The chapter outlines the case study method of process tracing (PT), which is a within-case mode of analysis that builds upon Bayesian logic to make inferences to the best explanation of the outcomes of single cases. The chapter locates the epistemological basis of PT in the development and testing of theories about the ways in which causal mechanisms operate to generate outcomes. It then defines PT and outlines best practices on how to do it, illustrating these with examples of case study research on the COVID pandemic. The chapter then outlines the comparative advantages of PT vis-à-vis other methods, and identifies the kinds of research questions and research contexts for which PT is most useful. This leads to a brief discussion of two methodological innovations: formal Bayesian PT and the use of causal models in the form of Directed Acyclic Graphs to assist PT and integrate qualitative and quantitative evidence. The chapter concludes with the strengths and limits of PT.
Covid-19 and the Politics of Migration Policy in Estonia
Authors: Kalev Leif 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMigration is one of the most politically highly sensitive policy fields. This makes it interesting to study in terms of the Covid-19 policy response. The chapter focuses on the political context of the Covid related migration policies and measures of the two national governments in Estonia: the conservative-leaning cabinet of Jüri Ratas 2019-21 and the liberal-leaning cabinet of Kaja Kallas since January 2021. Estonia is a good case for the study as it has had a relatively consistent and evolutionary migration policy since the 1990s. The key interest is to what extent did the Covid-19 crisis function as a focusing event fostering policy changes. The chapter starts with a theoretical discussion, where the concept of politics of migration policy will be elaborated and operationalised for this study. Then the empirical approach will be developed and the Estonian case contextualised and studied, developing the basis for the subsequent discussion and conclusions.
The Mediatisation of Migration Issues During the ‘Refugee Crisis’: A Comparative Case-Study of the UK, Denmark and Germany
Authors: Temizisler Sevgi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSpurred on by civil war in Iraq, Libya and Syria and by instability in several African countries, more than 1.8 million migrants/refugees arrived in the EU in 2015. This massive pressure from immigrants and refugees led to a humanitarian crisis on a global scale while threatening the key instruments of border control in the EU and, at the same time, increasing uncertainty about the political, economic and societal implications for member states. The ‘crisis’ was highly politicised in domestic politics owing to the heightened salience in media coverage, the mobilisation of citizens holding exclusive nationalist identities by mostly right-wing populist parties and exacerbated polarisation in public debates. In such circumstances, popular disapproval of the EU’s management of the crisis grew and provided a suitable platform for the growth of anti-EU and anti-refugee/immigrant discourses, in which the domestic mass media played a major role by reflecting these tendencies and shaping public opinion concerning the ‘crisis’. Employing a comparativist methodology, this chapter investigates how migration issues were mediatised during the ‘refugee crisis’ in three different countries – the UK, Denmark and Germany – and the consequent implications.
Who Is the Worst Migrant? Migrant Hierarchies in Populist Radical-Right Rhetoric in Estonia
Authors: Koppel Katrina , Jakobson Mari-Liis 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMigrants are often an antagonised group in populist radical-right rhetoric and are even perceived quite negatively by mainstream publics. Immigrants’ contributions (societal, economic, cultural etc.) are, on the whole, undervalued even by those who consider their own position to be neutral or positive toward migrants, while the negative effects (e.g. criminality or lowering property values) are overestimated. Often, immigrants are associated with or blamed for the turbulent times that the host society is experiencing and are depicted using anxiety-inducing rhetoric. While populism tends towards simplifying and homogenising the good and morally virtuous people as well as the unworthy and/or morally corrupt antagonist groups, there is often more nuance to this. In fact, migrants are not always perceived as a completely homogeneous group even by the populist radical right, especially when contemplating migration policy. Such an approach becomes inevitable as soon as the populists begin to make policy proposals. Yet, these internal hierarchies that exist within primarily negative perceptions have thus far merited little attention. With reference to Estonia, this chapter aims to deconstruct the phenomenon of migrant hierarchies in populist radical-right rhetoric.
Left to Their Own Devices: Refugees’ Labour-Market Integration Challenges in Austria during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Aigner Petra , Bešić Almina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLabour-market integration is understood as an important pillar in the successful integration processes of refugees into host societies. In the European Union at large and in Austria specifically, refugee integration processes regarding societies and the labour market have become hotly debated topics in public and scholarly debates. Focusing on Austria, this chapter analyses challenges and barriers to labour-market integration of refugees in crisis and beyond. Results from interviews with refugees indicate three areas of the pandemic’s impact: on employment search processes of refugees; the effect of digitalisation of communication; and increased feelings of disorientation.
Different Systems, Similar Responses: Policy Reforms on Asylum-Seekers’ and Refugees’ Access to Healthcare in Germany and Sweden in the Wake of the 2015–17 ‘Migration Crisis’
Authors: Roos Mechthild 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWho has – and who deserves – full or partial access to a state’s healthcare system? This question has become an issue of controversial political debate in many countries, not least in the context of recent crises such as the Covid-19 pandemic and, previously, the so-called ‘migration crisis’ of 2015–17. This chapter focuses on the latter crisis and its repercussions on the political regulation of healthcare access for a group at the very margins of society: asylum-seekers and refugees. By analysing recent asylum and health policy reforms in two main recipient countries in the EU, Germany and Sweden, the chapter sheds light on the intensifying level of politicisation of both health and incorporation policies in times of crisis.
Searches for heavy QCD axions via dimuon final states
Authors: Co Raymond T. , Kumar Soubhik , Liu Zhen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Heavy QCD axions are well-motivated extensions of the QCD axion that address the quality problem while still solving the strong CP problem. Owing to the gluon coupling, critical for solving the strong CP problem, these axions can be produced in significant numbers in beam dump and collider environments for axion decay constants as large as PeV, relevant for addressing the axion quality problem. In addition, if these axions have leptonic couplings, they can give rise to long-lived decay into lepton pairs, in particular, dominantly into muons above the dimuon threshold and below the GeV scale in a broad class of axion models. Considering existing constraints, primarily from rare meson decays, we demonstrate that current and future neutrino facilities and long-lived particle searches have the potential to probe significant parts of the heavy QCD axion parameter space via dimuon final states.
Homological kernels of monoidal functors
Authors: Coulembier Kevin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe show that each rigid monoidal category $${\textbf{a}}$$
a
over a field defines a family of universal tensor categories, which together classify all faithful monoidal functors from $${\textbf{a}}$$
a
to tensor categories. Each of the universal tensor categories classifies monoidal functors of a given ‘homological kernel’ and can be realised as a sheaf category, not necessarily on $${\textbf{a}}$$
a
. This yields a theory of ‘local abelian envelopes’ which completes the notion of monoidal abelian envelopes.
The validation of low-dose CT scans from the [18F]-FDG PET-CT scan to assess skeletal muscle mass in comparison with diagnostic neck CT scans
Authors: Zwart Aniek T. , Cavalheiro Vitor J. , Lamers Maria J. , Dierckx Rudi A. J. O. , de Bock Geertruida H. , Halmos Gyorgy B. , van der Hoorn Anouk 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Radiologically defined sarcopenia, or a low skeletal muscle index (SMI), is an emerging biomarker for adverse clinical outcomes in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Recently, SMI measurements have been validated at the level of the third cervical vertebra (C3) on diagnostic neck CT scans but are not yet validated on low-dose (LD) neck CT scans from the [18F]-FDG PET-CT. This hampers SMI analysis in HNC patients without a diagnostic neck CT but with a [18F]-FDG PET-CT scan. Therefore, the aim was to study whether (low) SMI based on LD CT scan from [18F]-FDG PET-CT is comparable to those derived from diagnostic neck CT scans.

Methods
HNC patients with both diagnostic CT and [18F]-FDG PET-CT of the neck were prospectively included into the OncoLifeS data-biobank. Skeletal muscle was retrospectively delineated at the level of the third cervical vertebra (C3), and (low) SMI (cm2/m2) was calculated for diagnostic and LD neck CTs. (Low) SMI from the diagnostic neck CT was considered the reference standard. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland–Altman plots, and Cohen’s Kappa analysis were performed.

Results
The cohort (n = 233) mean age was 66.2 ± 12.8 years, and 74.2% of patients were male. Inter-rater reliability was excellent (ICC > 0.990, 95% confidence interval 0.975–0.996, p < 0.001). The agreement of SMI between both modalities was high according to the Bland–Altman plot (mean ΔSMI =  − 0.19 cm2/m2), and there was no substantial bias. Cohen’s Kappa analysis showed an almost perfect agreement of low SMI between the two modalities (κ = 0.911, p < 0.001). The position of arms didn't affect the high agreement of (low) SMI.

Conclusion
Skeletal muscle mass, as measured with (low) SMI, remains constant irrespective of CT acquisition parameters (diagnostic neck CT scans versus LD neck scans of the [18F]-FDG PET-CT scan), positioning of arms, and observers. These findings contribute to the construction of a clinically useful radiological biomarker for SMI and therefore identify patients at risk for adverse clinical outcomes.
Beyond BMI: cardiometabolic measures as predictors of impulsivity and white matter changes in adolescents
Authors: Prunell-Castañé Anna , Jurado María Ángeles , Ottino-González Jonatan , Prats-Soteras Xavier , Sánchez Garre Consuelo , Cano Marco Neus , Salas Gómez-Pablos Paloma , García-García Isabel , Garolera Maite 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObesity is characterized by cardiometabolic and neurocognitive changes. However, how these two factors relate to each other in this population is unknown. We tested the association that cardiometabolic measures may have with impulse behaviors and white matter microstructure in adolescents with and without an excess weight. One hundred and eight adolescents (43 normal-weight and 65 overweight/obesity; 11–19 years old) were medically and psychologically (Temperament Character Inventory Revised, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18, Conners’ Continuous Performance Test-II, Stroop Color and Word Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Kirby Delay Discounting Task) evaluated. A subsample of participants (n = 56) underwent a brain magnetic resonance imaging acquisition. In adolescents, higher triglycerides and having a body mass index indicative of overweight/obesity predicted a more impulsive performance in Conners’ Continuous Performance Test-II (higher commission errors). In addition, higher glucose and diastolic blood pressure values predicted increments in the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 emotional eating scale. Neuroanatomically, cingulum fractional anisotropy showed a negative relationship with glycated hemoglobin. The evaluation of the neurocognitive differences associated with obesity, usually based on body mass index, should be complemented with cardiometabolic measures.
RAI3 expression is not associated with clinical outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Melling Nathaniel , Reeh Matthias , Ghadban Tarik , Tachezy Michael , Hajek André , Izbicki Jakob Robert , Grupp Katharina 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Retinoic acid inducible protein 3 (RAI3) has been suggested as prognostic biomarker in several cancer types. The present study aimed to examine the role of RAI3 expression in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs).

Methods
RAI3 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarray (TMA) sections from a retrospective cohort of more than 600 surgically resected NSCLCs and results were compared with clinicopathological features and follow-up data.

Results
While membranous RAI3 immunostaining was always strong in benign lung, strong RAI3 staining was only detectable in 14.7% of 530 interpretable NSCLCs. Within NSCLC subtypes, immunostaining intensity for RAI3 was significantly decreased in large cell lung cancers (LCLCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SQCCs) relative to lung adenocarcinomas (LUACs) (P < 0.0001 each). However, RAI3 staining was neither associated with pathological features of NSCLCs nor with survival of patients (P = 0.6915).

Conclusion
Our study shows that RAI3 expression was not associated with clinical outcomes of NSCLC patients and cannot be considered as prognostic marker in lung cancer patients.