bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A series anaerobic-aerobic down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor for the treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME)
Authors: Natalia M , Shoiful A , Ikbal  , Hasiany S , Priyanto F E , Arifudin  , Setiyono  , Noorain R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) contains very high organic compounds that must be treated before being discharged into the environment. Pond technology has been widely used for the treatment of POME; however, it requires a huge area of land. Down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor has shown a high pollutant removal efficiency, less energy, and land area requirement. This study aimed to investigate the performance of a series of anaerobic (R3) and aerobic (R4) DHS reactors in treating POME. The reactor was continuously supplied with POME in three different phases for 165 days. The COD loading rate was set at 3.06, 6.12, and 12.24 kg-COD/m³·day in Phase 1, Phase 2, and Phase 3, respectively. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) was set at 47 min and 50 min, in R3 and R4, respectively. The reactors showed good performance for pollutant removal efficiency, especially COD. In Phase 1, the average COD removal rate was 2.68 and 0.27 kg-COD/m³·d in R3 and R4, respectively. In Phase 2, when the COD loading rate was increased, the average COD removal rate achieved 4.12 and 1.53 kg-COD/m³·d in R3 and R4, respectively. In Phase 3, the COD loading rate was doubled to 12.24 kg-COD/m³·day and the average COD removal rate of 5.81 and 2.90 kg-COD/m³·d was achieved in R3 and R4, respectively. During operation, the concentration of nitrate fluctuated in R4, which indicated that nitrification had occurred. Phosphate could be reduced in R3, but only a small portion could be removed in R4. Total suspended solids (TSS) could be effectively removed in R4. These results revealed that a combination of anaerobic-aerobic DHS reactors showed good performance in removing pollutants such as COD and TSS. Therefore, DHS technology can be used as a polishing treatment for treated POME.
Removal of Color, Phenol and Sulfide from Batik Wastewater using Immobilized Bacillus licheniformis in Bentonite Mineral
Authors: Rachmawati V , Nurjayati R , Yuniati M D 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Batik is one of Indonesia’s original cultural heritages. In Indonesia, the batik industry is the largest home-based textile industry. This industry consumes a large amount of water. Due to the unavailability of a wastewater treatment plant, most batik producers dispose of the wastewater directly into the river, resulting in extensive water pollution. Some pollutants, such as color, phenol, and sulfide, have the potential to pollute the environment. Wastewater treatment is needed to improve water quality and meet the specific safety requirements of wastewater after treatment. Among physical and chemical methods, biological treatment has advantages such as being more economical and environmentally friendly. In this study, biological treatment using immobilized Bacillus lincheniformis on bentonite mineral was investigated. The concentration of color, phenol, and sulfide in mini wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was measured before (influent) and after treatment (effluent) as daily parameter. The results showed that the highest phenol removal efficiency value reached 100%, and the overall concentration of effluent met the Indonesian quality standard. However, some sulfide concentrations in the effluent did not meet the quality standard, even though the highest removal efficiency value reached 93%. The value of color decolorization efficiency was reached at 68%. Those results indicate that consortium immobilized Bacillus lincheniformis on bentonite minerals and microorganisms from batik waste can be used as a promising method to treat batik wastewater.
Health risk assessment of PM2.5 and PM10 in KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Indonesia
Authors: Ihsan I M , Oktivia R , Anjani R , Zahroh N F 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The BJ Habibie Science and Technology Area (KST BJ Habibie) Serpong is an office and laboratory area close to industrial, agricultural, and livestock, with a relatively high level of transportation activity. This condition certainly has the potential to increase the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10, which has an impact on health risks if inhaled by humans. This study aimed to analyze the risk characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 as the basis for recommendations for managing health risks for security employees at KST BJ Habibie. The research used the Environmental Health Risk Assessment (EHRA) method, which included hazard identification, dose-response assessment, PM2.5 and PM10 exposure assessment to 34 security officers, and risk characteristics expressed as RQ. The analysis results stated that the real-time and lifetime RQ PM2.5 and PM10 values for all security officers were below 1 (RQ<1). The average real-time and lifetime RQ PM2.5 were 0.13 and 0.52, respectively. Meanwhile, the average real-time and lifetime RQ PM10 were 0.11 and 0.48, respectively.
Water quality and financial feasibility analysis of the development of milkfish (Chanos sp.) farms in Pabean Ilir Village, Indramayu, West Java
Authors: Novianti R , Afandi A Y , Rahmadya A , Rohaningsih D , Yuniarti I , Tampubolon B I 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The tidal flood that occurred in the coastal area of Indramayu in 2020 caused the farmers to fail the Vannamei shrimp harvest in Pabean Ilir Village. After the disaster, the farmers resumed their commodity with milkfish. To analyze if this strategy can compensate for the loss, it is essential to perform the feasibility and profitability of the new farming system. Water quality sampling, which referred to the standard method (APHA), was conducted at several sites in the pond. We elucidated the pattern of several water quality parameters such as water temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia, while the financial feasibility was assessed with a cost-benefit analysis. The data to conduct the analysis was collected by arriving series of structured face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to measure the influence of changes in fish production and feed price. It is concluded that the water quality was suitable and safe for milkfish cultivation. We also noticed that the new aquaculture system was financially feasible, as indicated by the calculated net present value, benefit-cost ratio, and internal rate return.
STORET (Storage and Retrieval) method for analysis and identification of water pollutants in the Upper Citarum Watershed, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Nufutomo T K , Manalu Y S , Muntalif B S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Water pollution in the Citarum watershed is currently an urgent problem to control. Water pollution usually occurs due to the large number of pollutants entering the water bodies, such as from household, agricultural, industrial, livestock, and land use wastes. This study was conducted in the Citarum upstream watershed and divided into five locations: Situ Cisanti, Cikawao, Koyod, Rancamanyar, and Nanjung. This study aimed to analyze and identify the pollution level in the Citarum upstream watershed based on the BOD (biological oxygen demand), TDS (total dissolved solids), chloride, zinc, total detergent, nitrate, nitrite, lead, mercury, and phenol concentrations. These parameter data were then compared to the Indonesian government regulation for river water quality standards No. 22/2021 and the STORET (Storage and Retrieval) method, based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Water sampling from each location was carried out in different seasons. The STORET value in the rainy season was categorized as slightly polluted with the value of -10, then became -34 in the dry season as heavily polluted. Therefore, water pollution management is necessary to sustain the water resources by controlling the domestic waste and fertilizer application in agriculture and livestock culture.
Initial growth of four endemic species in degraded peatland revegetation in Ogan Komering Ilir, South Sumatra
Authors: Anjani R , Siahaan H , Asmaliyah  , Bastoni  
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Peatland plays an important role as the storage of carbon stocks both in the soil layer and biomass. The value of carbon stocks in peatlands is strongly influenced by the peatland’s quality and potential to produce carbon emissions if the natural conditions are disturbed. Revegetation can improve the quality and land cover compared to natural succession. The success of revegetation can be seen from the survival rate and growth performance of planted species. The purpose of this preliminary study was to see the survival rate and growth of four species of revegetation plants in the burnt peatland area located in Pedamaran, Ogan Komering Ilir, South Sumatra in 2017 and 2021. This study was carried out using quantitative descriptive methods. Results show that the growth performance of four endemic revegetation species was different, reflected by the diameter of breast height (dbh), height, and survival rate. Based on data, pulai (Alstonia pneumatophore) show the best growth performance compared to tembesu (Fragraea fragrans), jelutung (Dyera polyphylla), and balangeran (Shorea balangeran). Pulai showed the highest survival rate (98.61%), with an average dbh growth of 8.31 mm and 75.60 cm in height. Furthermore, all data obtained in this study can be used as basic data for revegetation development to increase growth and survival rate, enhance carbon stocks, and other efforts in climate change mitigation and adaptation.
The potential of irradiated inoculants consortium for zinc accumulation in rice mutant lines
Authors: Aryanti  , Larasati T R D , Mulyana N , Supriatna N , Mellawati J , Susanto U 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Some of the microorganisms in soil play important roles in plant performance by improving mineral nutrition. Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient that has various important functions and is only obtained by the intake of foods. Rice is a staple food for Indonesian people. Increasing Zn concentration in rice through fertilization and gamma irradiated inoculants consortium is an effective way to accumulate Zn in rice grains. The objective of this research was to utilize gamma-irradiated inoculants and enhancement of Zn content in rice mutant lines. This study used inoculants consortium from potential microorganisms consisting of Aspergillus niger, Azotobacter sp, Bacillus circulants, and Trichoderma harzianum. They can be used to solubilize metals or minerals that are accumulated in part of the plants. The irradiation of the inoculant was conducted by 250 Gy gamma rays. Seven Mira-1 rice mutant lines together with their wild type, Inpari Nutri Zinc rice variety, were used. Treatment combinations, i.e., Control, T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 were applied to the rice materials randomized block experimental design with three replications. Agronomic characteristics at the vegetative phase were observed and Zn content in rice grain was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The result shows significant differences in agronomic characteristics from different treatments. Zn content in rice mutant lines was higher than their wild type, and the irradiated inoculants consortium was very effective in enhancing Zn content in rice grains. The best treatment for accumulation of Zn in rice grain was irradiated inoculants consortium combined with 10 kg/ha zinc sulfate (treatment T4), resulting in a grain Zn content of 72.19 ppm in the 82 rice mutant line.
Value chain of cocopeat bio-textiles for reclamation of degraded land in Indonesia
Authors: Widiyono W , Rahayu B , Sittadewi E H , Sudiana N , Hidayat N , Munawar S S , Mira F R , Kartiwa B , Kusumastuti E , Utami D N 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Soil degradation is a serious problem in Indonesia and the world. To solve such a problem it can use coco peat derived from coconut fiber, which source is very abundant in Indonesia. The research aimed to understand the impact of bio-textile application to prevent run-off erosion indicated by cover crop growing. The material used was cocopeat pressed block bio-textile at a dimension of 30 cm x 30 cm and a 2.5 cm thickness. It was completed by seed coating of the fast-growing legume cover crop of calopo (Calopogonium mucunoides Desv) with the arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi, N-fixing bacteria, and P- and K-solubilizing bacteria. Bio-textiles were installed to cover plots in the sloping area of the Adaro Mining Company, South Kalimantan, from September 2018 to March 2019. The result indicated that seeds germinated around 30–40 days after planting and their biomass covering of the plot was almost up to 100% after five months, and the cocopeat bio-textile plates were still in good function until six months of observation in the field. We hope this innovation can provide a solution to erosion and landslides, and increase the economic value-added chain of cocopeat.
Floating treatment wetlands using Vetiveria zizanioides and Heliconia psittacorum in aquaculture wastewater treatment
Authors: Oktaviyani D , Pratiwi N T M , Krisanti M , Susanti E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The most important things needed in aquaculture are good quality and quantity of water resources. The residue from the use of pellets as additives and the results of the excretion of aquatic biota will produce liquid waste characteristics with high nutrient and organic matter content. One of the efforts to treat wastewater is using floating treatment wetlands (FTWs). This study aimed to analyze the changes in nutrients and organic matter concentrations and the removal efficiency using Vetiveria zizanioides and Heliconia psittacorum in a sewage treatment system using FTWs by grouping water quality parameters as observational variables whose linear correlations are in the line to become one main component using the PCA (Principal Component Analysis). The research was conducted on a laboratory scale using tarpaulin ponds with a batch system, the source of wastewater from catfish ponds with 12 treatment variations namely plant type, surface area, and pond depth, and observed for 30 days. Parameters monitored include total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), nitrate (NO3
−), nitrite (NO2
−), ammonia (NH4
+), orthophosphate (PO4
3-), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and in situ measurement of parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, temperature, and conductivity. At the end of the experiment, it was seen that treatment pond 7 (Heliconia psittacorum, surface cover area 50%, depth 100 cm) effectively removed 75.35% of TN and 90.70% nitrate, treatment pond 1 (Vetiveria zizanioides, surface cover area of 100%, depth of 100 cm) effectively removed TP 92.55%, the treatment pond 5 (Heliconia psittacorum, the surface cover area of 100%, depth of 100 cm) effectively removed ammonia by 94.64% and nitrite by 97.93%. Almost all treatments tested can reduce COD concentrations, while the phosphate in the study showed a fluctuation until the end of the experimental period. Based on the PCA results on day 30, TN, TP, conductivity, phosphate, COD, nitrate, pH, and temperature can represent the characteristics of changes in the concentration of organic compounds and nutrients in aquaculture wastewater compared to other parameters.
Passive removal of sulphate and heavy metals from acid mine drainage using sewage sludge and fly ash
Authors: Anungstri R , Prasetya A , Bayu H T 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study aims to calculate the removal efficiency (%RE) of metals and sulphate and the constant rate of sulphate reduction from acid mine drainage (AMD) based on passive treatment principles named permeable reactive barrier (PRB) in batch test prior column test. Three media mixtures containing a variety of domestic sewage sludge (SE), mess hall compost (CO), cocopeat (CP), and fly ash (FA) were simulated. All reactive materials are solid waste from other operating units. M1 and M2 were contains organic and inorganic waste, M3 was only contain organic waste. The AMD was collected from a copper mining waste rock dump of which contained high sulphate, metals, and low pH. Batch tests were conducted in a series of glass bottles in an anaerobic chamber, and sub-samplings were taken on days 0, 7, 14, and 28. At the end of treatment, it indicated that M1 mixture resulting in the highest sulphate (SO4
2-) removal (44%), highest alkalinity generation of 1431 mg/L (as CaCO3) and %RE of Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, and Zn were expected to be 100%, Ni 82%, Se 57%, and Mn 98%. Additional of FA for treatment such in M1 and M2 releasing more As in the final result compare to M3 that only contain organic substrates. The primary mechanism controlling the reaction from the M1 was a combination of sulphide precipitation enhanced by Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) activities supported by pH buffering and hydroxide precipitation. The sulphate reduction mechanism assumed to be the first-order reaction with highest rate constants found as 0.0208 d−1 from M1 reactors, 0.0144 d−1, 0.0161 d−1 for M2 and M3 respectively.
Phytotoxicity study of silver nanoparticles on the germination of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) and mustard green (Brassica rapa L.) seeds
Authors: Handayani W , Yasman  , Umar A , Yudasari N 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are metal nanoparticles used in many applications in the healthcare and industrial fields. The use of AgNPs worldwide can reach 500 tons annually, potentially increasing. The release of silver metals into the environment causes pollution in the aquatic environment and bioaccumulation in organisms. Our previous research successfully synthesized AgNPs through a biosynthetic method using Diospyros discolor Willd. (velvet apple) leaf extract. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the phytotoxic effects of biosynthetic AgNPs on water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) and mustard greens (Brassica rapa L. var. caisin) seeds. This study includes five groups, i.e., distilled water as a negative control, 10 mM AgNO3 as a positive control, and biosynthesized AgNPs at concentrations of 30, 40, and 50 mg/L. The seeds were soaked for 24 h in the AgNPs and germinated for 14 days to observe the symptoms of phytotoxicity. Seeds germination was assessed according to the germination rate (%), germination rate index, fresh and dry weight, and plant height. The results showed that the AgNPs had a toxic effect on B. rapa. Meanwhile, exposure to AgNPs did not affect I. aquatica germination. The result showed that each type of plant could have different responses to the exposure of AgNPs.
Production of omega-3 concentrate from lemuru fish (Sardinella longiceps) oil by two-step urea complexation
Authors: Kosasih W , Rosmalina R T , Tanuwidjaja S , Mulyaningsih N , Priatni S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Lemuru fish (Sardinella longiceps) oil is a by-product containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that is important for the prevention of several diseases. For daily intake, saturated fatty acids should be removed from fish oil to obtain PUFA concentrates. Various methods have been observed in producing omega-3 concentrates. The objective of this study was to produce the omega-3 concentrate from lemuru fish oil using a two-step urea complexation method and to characterize the omega-3 product. Lemuru fish oil was saponified and purified to produce fatty acids and urea was added to the fatty acids to obtain crystal complexes. In this study, crystallization was carried out at -20 °C for 24 h with an oil-urea ratio of 1:0.625, 1:1.25, and 1:2.5. The results showed that the highest content of omega-3 (ALA, DHA, EPA) was reached at a ratio of fish oil-urea of 1:0.625. Based on the FTIR spectrum analysis, omega-3 concentrate contained the specific spectrum indicated by HC=CH trans, -C=O (ester), and -C-O (acid) groups. UV-Vis spectra analysis showed that light exposure affected the stability of omega-3 concentrate, as is evident by the hypsochromic shift of the resulting spectrum.
Groundwater exploration using 2D resistivity method in water supply for prevention of peatland fire at Kahayan Kuala area, Central Kalimantan
Authors: Sudiyanto Y , Hidayat W , Garinas W , Nurjaman D M , Zikri S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Resistivity data acquisition using the two-dimensional (2D) resistivity method has been carried out at 8 locations in the Kahayan Kuala area, Pulang Pisau District, Central Kalimantan. The aim of the study was to identify the distribution type and depth of aquifer layers and other geological materials in subsurface based on their resistivity characteristics. The study results showed that resistivity values at the northern part of the study area ranging from 13.28–282 and 2.09–88.37 ohm-meter, while at the southern part, the resistivity values ranging from 0.32–25.75 ohm-meter. At the northern part of the study area, the resistivity values range of 41.77–88.37 to 67.7–187.79 ohm-meter are peat and mud layers, range of 25.35–88.37 to 55.29–282.28 ohm-meter are sandstone layers, and range of 2.09–34.31 to 13.28–67.78 ohm-meter were clay and sandy clay layers. At the southern part, the range of resistivity values from 5.97–25.75 ohm-meter are peat and mud layers, range of 4.46 - 25.75 ohm-meter are sandstone layers, and range of 0.32–5.97 ohm-meter are clay and sandy clay layers. Sandstone layers are interpreted as confined aquifers, peat and mud layers as unconfined aquifers, and clay and sandy clay layers as non-aquifer or sealing layers. At the northern part of the survey area, the depth of aquifer layers ranging from 10–40 meter and at the southern part the depth of aquifer layers ranging from 20–50 meter.
Optimization of the Elongation of Bioplastic from Durian Seed Starch Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Handayani Prima Astuti , Devi Asri Luviani , Ganisha Naufal Alif 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The increase in plastic causes environmental problems. Indonesia ranks second with 5.4 million tons/year. Plastic waste cannot be degraded, so it is necessary to replace plastics with biopolymers as bioplastics. Starch-based bioplastics have high biodegradability, one of which is from durian seeds. Durian seeds have a fairly high starch content of 76.65%. Optimization of the mechanical properties of bioplastics in the form of extension needs to be done. This study aims to obtain the gelatinase temperature process conditions, glycerol and chitosan compositions that produce optimum bioplastic elongation. The optimization method uses a Response Surface Methodology based on Central Composite Design. The experiments were gelatinization temperature (80, 85, and 90°C), glycerol concentration (1.5; 2.5; and 3.5 g), and chitosan concentration (2, 3, and 4 g). The results of the study were the optimum conditions at a gelatinization temperature of 80°C, a concentration of 2 g of chitosan, and 3.5 g of glycerol with an elongation value of 26.67%. Biodegradation test for 7 days resulted in a mass reduction of 90.02% according to European standard EN: 13432.2000.
Study of Replacing Capacitors in the Electric Power Network of Indopintan Sukses Mandiri Semarang
Authors: Widodo Djoko Adi , Putri Riana Defi Mahadji , Yakup Fatkhu Rizal 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a study of the relocation of capacitors to the point of loading of the electrical network that has poor performance such as low voltage profiles and high power losses. This study takes the case of the electricity network of Indopintan Sukses Mandiri Semarang. The purpose of this study is to obtain an electrical system scenario that can reduce power losses that have an impact on the cost of electricity bills. There are two stages that need to be done, namely the load flow analysis process on the electricity network, followed by the fuzzy inference process to determine the optimal location of the capacitor. The results of the study indicate an increase in the average voltage profile of each main distribution panel from 0.982 pu to 0.987 pu as well as a decrease in total real power losses and total blind power by 3 KW and 7 KVAR. This reduction in power losses can save electricity bill costs of Rp. 29,295,367.2 per year.