bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study, analysis, and development of a small‐scale AC‐AC modular multilevel converter for solid‐state transformer applications
Authors: Gustavo Castellain Daniel , Guilherme Brandt Eduardo , do Nascimento Claudio Varella , Vidal Garcia Oliveira Sergio 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThe modular multilevel converter presents itself as a promising topology in medium voltage and high power applications due to its modular characteristic and flexibility in applications where DC‐AC and AC‐DC power conversion are required. Despite this, applications with electric traction present this topology in the AC‐AC conversion due to the converter at the input of a solid‐state transformer and the power system's single‐phase characteristic at the converter's input. One of the main problems characteristic of this topology is the harmonic content present in the medium frequency converter output voltage due to its square waveform. Thus, the harmonic content in this voltage is high, increasing the losses and volume in the core of the medium frequency transformer. This paper presents a multilevel modulation scheme using two frequency components in the modulating wave to reduce the harmonic content in the medium frequency converter output voltage. With the converter branch inductors, it is possible to verify the filtering of the output voltage and thus reduce the harmonic content of this voltage. A low power and voltage (1 kW/500 V) of the AC‐AC modular multilevel converter is implemented, and simulation results show some operating characteristics of the modulation scheme. Experimental results at low power and voltage (0.6 kW/208 V–125 V/1.2 kHz) present the operation of the converter and the characteristics proposed by the modulation scheme, where it is possible to verify the waveform of the sinusoidal output voltage with lower harmonic content.
OMIP‐089: Cattle T‐cell phenotyping by an 8‐color panel
Authors: Roos Eduard O. , Mwangi William N. , Gerner Wilhelm , Waters Ryan , Hammond John A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis multiplex staining panel was developed to differentiate cattle T cells into conventional (CD4 and CD8) and unconventional (γδ‐TCR) subsets as well as their stage of differentiation and activation. The combination of CD45RO and CD62L allows the identification of naïve (TNaïve), central memory (TCM), effector memory (TEM) and terminal effector (TTE) T cells. Activated cattle T cells (TAV) can be identified by the cell surface expression of CD25. This panel was developed using cryopreserved cattle peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and tested on fresh as well as stimulated PBMCs. Therefore, this 8‐color, 10‐parameter flow cytometry panel simultaneously identifies cattle TNaïve, TAV, TCM, TEM, TTE and γδ‐TCR cells. This panel will improve our ability to examine T‐cell response to pathogens and vaccines in cattle including the potential to identify previously undescribed subpopulations. Furthermore, this panel can be readily optimized for other bovid species as many of these reagents are likely to cross react.
Profiling flavourings in strawberry‐flavoured e‐liquid using headspace‐gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Haworth‐Duff Adam , Parkes Gareth M. B. , Reed Natasha J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractE‐liquids typically contain nicotine and flavourings in a matrix of propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerine (VG). Some nicotine‐free e‐liquids are flavouring only in the aerosol carrier with the option for users to add their own nicotine. It is only the nicotine that is monitored in terms of level, as specified by the manufacturers. Little is known of the toxicological effect for some of the flavourings in the context of vaping as these are only regulated for ingestion and not inhalation. A method was developed to analyse volatile organic compounds (VOCs) evolved when e‐liquids are vaporised based on headspace‐gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐GC‐MS) for e‐liquids. An in‐house standard was prepared with sample matrix and purchased strawberry flavouring to simulate a simple e‐liquid but with known levels. This standard was then used to optimise the analysis for use with e‐liquid samples but not for full quantification purposes. These were purchased from a range of retailers and with different batches but mainly focussed on strawberry flavour. The results identified three key components indicative of strawberry flavour (ethyl‐3‐methyl butanoate, ethyl 2‐methyl butanoate and ethyl butanoate) and showed considerable variation between both manufacturers and batches. Flavouring VOCs are regulated for ingestion but are not regulated for e‐liquid inhalation, so these could have toxicological implications. In addition, the inconsistency between samples suggests further issues when users add their own nicotine to the e‐liquids as the viscous sample matrix makes homogeneous mixing difficult.
Tangentially migrating cells differentiate into stratum griseum central neurons to form tectofugal visual pathway in the developing chick optic tectum
Authors: Watanabe Yuji , Sakuma Chie , Yaginuma Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe optic tectum is the main visual processor of nonmammalian vertebrates and relays visual information from the eye to the telencephalon via the tectofugal pathway. In the development of the avian optic tectum, while the multipolar neurons are arranged by tangential migration, the behavior of individual cells in tangential migration, neural differentiation, and cell fate remain unclear. Here, we pursued the transition of tangentially migrating cells and their involvement in visual circuit formation during chick development.ResultsAfter tangential movement along the axons, the migrating cells relocated to the upper layers and turned back upon differentiation toward the multipolar neurons. The multipolar neurons are destined to differentiate into the stratum griseum central (SGC) neurons with the large dendritic field, which form the tectorotundal projection. Trans‐synaptic virus labeling demonstrated that the tangentially migrating cells eventually participate in the tectofugal visual pathway.ConclusionsThese results indicate that tangential migration is a crucial process in the formation of the tectofugal visual pathway during the development of the optic tectum.
Rapid in‐situ aerobic biodegradation of high salt and oily food waste employing constructed synthetic microbiome
Authors: Xu Song , Tao Lidan , Wang Jingjing , Zhang Xiaoxia , Huang Zhiyong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe high salt content of food waste (FW) severely limits microbial physiological activity and reduces its biodegradability. In this study, a salt‐tolerant thermophilic bacterial agent that consists of four different substrate degradation functional strains was evaluated for efficient high salt and oily FW in solid‐state aerobic biodegradation disposers. The phy‐chemical properties, enzyme activities, microbial community structure, and function during the biodegradation process were evaluated under high salt (5%) stress. The results showed that the agent promoted the degradation rate, increased the matrix temperature, decreased the moisture content (MC), and enhanced enzyme activities without putrid smell. High‐throughput sequencing indicated community structure succession between different groups and the positive contribution of the inoculated functional strains. During the FW biodegradation process, the Bacillus sp. inoculated was the dominant genus in the agent group. Furthermore, CCA further confirmed the positive effects of the four inoculated strains on high salt and oily FW aerobic biodegradation. Functional prediction and metabolite results both confirmed that the agent was more efficient in carbon, amino acid, and lipid metabolism, which demonstrated that the synthetic microbial consortium holds a potential advantage for efficiency and subsequent resource utilization for organic fertilizer.
Seismic response of slender MDOF structures with self‐centering base shear and moment mechanisms
Authors: Zhong Chiyun , Christopoulos Constantin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs the amplification of seismic force demands due to higher‐mode effects on tall buildings is increasingly recognized as a design challenge, a number of high‐performance systems have been proposed to limit such effects through combined base shear‐limiting and moment‐limiting dual mechanisms. To better understand the influence of these dual base systems on the overall seismic behavior of tall buildings, this paper presents a study on the seismic response of Multi‐Degree‐of‐Freedom (MDOF) systems incorporating combined base shear‐limiting and moment‐limiting mechanisms. For an MDOF system with a given initial period and base strength level, the base shear‐limiting mechanism is defined by a shear strength factor, an inelastic stiffness parameter, and an energy‐dissipation parameter, while the base moment‐limiting mechanism is defined by a moment strength factor. To determine the influence of these parameters on the overall seismic responses of MDOF structures, a comprehensive parametric study was conducted, and the results were presented and discussed in terms of base displacement and rotation demands, seismic force demand amplification at the base and along the height, peak floor acceleration, peak roof drift, and absorbed energy. The numerical modeling methodology used in the parametric study was validated against 200 small‐scale shaking table tests of a scaled MDOF specimen with a base shear and moment dual‐mechanism system and was used to model MDOF structures that are representative of tall buildings with initial periods ranging from 1.0 to 10 s and having various base‐mechanism properties. The parametric study was then conducted using an ensemble of 20 Ground Motions (GM) scaled to three code‐specified seismic hazard levels for Los Angeles, California. The results of this study can be used to facilitate the design of base shear and moment dual‐mechanism systems for mitigating higher‐mode effects and enhancing the seismic resilience of tall buildings.
The association of physical activity and behavioral and psychological symptoms among a sample of hospitalized older adults living with dementia
Authors: Drazich Brittany F. , Boltz Marie , Kuzmik Ashley , Galik Elizabeth , Kim Nayeon , McPherson Rachel , Holmes Sarah , Resnick Barbara 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aims of this study were to: (1) describe the prevalence of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in hospitalized older adults living with dementia and (2) examine the association of physical activity and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia among hospitalized older adults living with dementia, after controlling for covariates.MethodsPhysical activity was measured using the Physical Activity Survey and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia were measured using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Descriptive analysis and multiple linear regressions were run using baseline data on 294 older adults with dementia hospitalized on general medical units from an ongoing study entitled Function Focused Care for Acute Care Using the Evidence Integration Triangle.ResultsParticipants performed an average of 7.92 (SD = 4.49) of 34 possible activities “in the last 24 h” prior to the Physical Activity Survey administration. A total of 132 participants (45.5%) had at least one behavioral and psychological symptom of dementia. We found that physical activity was not associated with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (b = 0.01; p = 0.56), after controlling for covariates.ConclusionsAlthough this study found no evidence of an association between physical activity and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, evidence of physical activity did not exacerbate these behaviors. Thus, given the benefits of physical activity, it is important to continue to encourage patients living with dementia to engage in activity.
Allocentric information represented by self‐referenced spatial coding in the primate medial temporal lobe
Authors: Yang Cen , Chen He , Naya Yuji 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFor living organisms, the ability to acquire information regarding the external space around them is critical for future actions. While the information must be stored in an allocentric frame to facilitate its use in various spatial contexts, each case of use requires the information to be represented in a particular self‐referenced frame. Previous studies have explored neural substrates responsible for the linkage between self‐referenced and allocentric spatial representations based on findings in rodents. However, the behaviors of rodents are different from those of primates in several aspects; for example, rodents mainly explore their environments through locomotion, while primates use eye movements. In this review, we discuss the brain mechanisms responsible for the linkage in nonhuman primates. Based on recent physiological studies, we propose that two types of neural substrates link the first‐person perspective with allocentric coding. The first is the view‐center background signal, which represents an image of the background surrounding the current position of fixation on the retina. This perceptual signal is transmitted from the ventral visual pathway to the hippocampus (HPC) via the perirhinal cortex and parahippocampal cortex. Because images that share the same objective‐position in the environment tend to appear similar when seen from different self‐positions, the view‐center background signals are easily associated with one another in the formation of allocentric position coding and storage. The second type of neural substrate is the HPC neurons' dynamic activity that translates the stored location memory to the first‐person perspective depending on the current spatial context.
Research translation to improve carer smoking cessation support in a paediatric ward of a regional hospital in the Northern Territory
Authors: Moyo Sukoluhle , Hefler Marita , Carson‐Chahhoud Kristin V. , Thomas David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIssue addressedHealth professionals have described barriers to providing carer smoking cessation support in children's wards. This article reports the findings of a research translation process that explored opportunities and developed pathways for change.MethodsA facilitated discussion workshop and scheduled stakeholder meetings were used to evaluate research evidence and translate it to an evidence‐informed organisational change process, with actions for implementation. Workshop and meeting participants were senior health staff with either a pharmacist, personnel with expertise in alcohol and other drugs, medical or nursing backgrounds, and who held senior managerial roles who worked in a hospital in the Northern Territory. A qualitative approach was used. The data from the workshop were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. The first author took notes for meetings that were not recorded and analysed these alongside the transcripts.ResultsThe process was able to initiate change to overcome barriers to providing carer smoking cessation support. All participants agreed to prioritise and make carer smoking cessation everybody's responsibility and supported a systematic approach, including provision of nicotine replacement therapy, new record‐keeping systems, and training to address staff knowledge deficits and skills gaps. This movement to solution‐focused change continued after the workshop.ConclusionsWith some preparation, a research translation workshop and meetings with selected leaders can initiate organisational change in similar settings and is consistent with theories of planned change.So what?This article describes the use of a process to support health promotion through new policies and practices following research which identified barriers in a hospital ward.
Resilience and green spaces: Association with stress among contact centre workers in the Philippines
Authors: Villanueva Celine P. , Labao Richard Braulio J. , Tran Katherine Regine Anne G. , Gonzalez Nathaniel Reihann B. , Luna Joseph M. , Ochava Kristine Mallory R. , Capio Catherine M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedPhilippine contact centres are rife with factors that contribute to work‐related stress; health promotion strategies are needed to mitigate the impacts. With a transactional framework with the environment, this study examined the relationship of stress with resilience and the presence of urban green spaces (UGS) in the environment, while accounting for individual characteristics (ie, age, household income, exercise frequency).MethodsParticipants include employees (Stage 1 N = 186; Stage 2 N = 89) from six contact centres in the capital region of the Philippines. A two‐stage online survey included standardised instruments to measure stress (10‐item Perceived Stress Scale) and resilience (Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale), customised questions to gather demographic information and probe on participants' insights. Google Earth Pro was used for satellite mapping of UGS, followed by on‐site ocular inspection.ResultsParticipants' average stress level was categorised as high; primary stressors included client demands and workload. The objectively measured percentages of UGS in the study sites' vicinity were categorised as low. Participants found UGS visible after careful observation, and majority were aware of UGS in their workplace vicinity. Resilience, household income and awareness of UGS in the vicinity significantly predicted stress levels.ConclusionContact centre workers experienced high stress levels and their workplaces had little accessible UGS. Resilience, household income and awareness of UGS are significant contributors to stress levels.So What?Health promotion in Philippine contact centres could consider strategies that include building resilience, enhancing income security and promoting the awareness of UGS within the workplace vicinity.
Gamma‐glutamyl transferase and disease course in pediatric‐onset primary sclerosing cholangitis: A single‐center cohort study
Authors: Berhane Besrat , van Rheenen Patrick F. , Verkade Henkjan J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsPatients with pediatric‐onset primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are at risk of developing hepatic complications with liver transplantation as only curative treatment. Complications usually occur over many years, underlining the need for reliable surrogate markers to predict the clinical course. Recently, gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) has been suggested to allow prediction of the clinical course. In a single‐center cohort study, we tested the potency of GGT in this respect.MethodsWe used longitudinal data of patients from our academic center, diagnosed with pediatric‐onset PSC between 2000 and 2020. Patients with a GGT decrease from baseline >25% (n = 36) were compared with those who did not have this decrease (n = 7). We performed Kaplan–Meier analysis and log‐rank testing to assess the occurrence of portal hypertensive or biliary complications, hepatobiliary malignancies, liver transplantation, or death.ResultsThe median age diagnosis was 15.2 years and 12.1 years in the group with ≤25% decrease of GGT and the group with >25% decrease, respectively (p = 0.078). The probability of developing ≥1 complications in the first 5 years after diagnosis was 50% in the group with ≤25% decrease of GGT and 20% in the group with >25% decrease of GGT (p = 0.031). The use of medication was not associated with the development of complications.ConclusionIn a retrospective cohort study, we report that a GGT decrease of >25% within 1 year of diagnosis of pediatric‐onset PSC is associated with a lower occurrence of complications within 5 years. Our results provide further support for the recently hypothesized predictive value of first‐year GGT change in predicting the disease course in pediatric‐onset PSC.
A study of environmental factors affecting nutritional status among students of primary schools at Ulanga district, Tanzania
Authors: Edward Majani M. , Elia Yeremia , Abel Harun , Gwanafyo Grace 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe prime concern of a society is to ensure healthy growth and development particularly of students of primary school because they are the future of the nation. Normal growth and development takes place only if there is optimum nutrition and safe environment to live in. The World Health Organization estimates that there are 178 million children that are malnourished across the globe and malnutrition contributes to the deaths of over one half of children in developing countries and Tanzania included.MethodologyAnalytical cross‐sectional study was conducted among 914 students in Ulanga district. A multistage cluster sampling technique was applied, then a school to school survey was performed for the selected school, anthropometric measurements of primary school students for sampled schools were done and the body mass index was calculated to assess the nutritional status of primary school students. Environmental factors were studied and correlated with nutritional status.ResultsA total of 82.7%, 16.7%, 0.3%, and 0.3% of students were found to be underweight, normal overweight and obese respectively. Significant association was observed between nutritional status and unsafe water, poor method of water purification specifically filtration, personal hygiene and high house status and majority of students were underweight.Conclusion and RecommendationUnsafe water, poor method of water purification, personal hygiene and high house status are related to nutritional status and majority of students were underweight. Proper sanitation of the drinking water should be promoted in the community to prevent water borne diseases in the children, mass education on person hygiene and proper method of water purification should be promoted.
A phase 1 trial of NY‐ESO‐1‐specific TCR‐engineered T‐cell therapy combined with a lymph node‐targeting nanoparticulate peptide vaccine for the treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Ishihara Mikiya , Nishida Yoshihiro , Kitano Shigehisa , Kawai Akira , Muraoka Daisuke , Momose Fumiyasu , Harada Naozumi , Miyahara Yoshihiro , Seo Naohiro , Hattori Hiroyoshi , Takada Kohichi , Emori Makoto , Kakunaga Shigeki , Endo Makoto , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Sasada Tetsuro , Sato Eiichi , Yamada Tomomi , Matsumine Akihiko , Nagata Yasuhiro , Watanabe Takashi , Kageyama Shinichi , Shiku Hiroshi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors is limited in refractory solid tumors. T‐cell receptor gene‐modified T (TCR‐T)‐cell therapy has attracted attention as a new immunotherapy for refractory cold tumors. We first investigated the preclinical efficacy and mode of action of TCR‐T cells combined with the pullulan nanogel:long peptide antigen (LPA) vaccine in a mouse sarcoma model that is resistant to immune checkpoint inhibition. Without lymphodepletion, the pullulan nanogel:LPA vaccine markedly increased the number of TCR‐T cells in the draining lymph node and tumor tissue. This change was associated with enhanced CXCR3 expression in TCR‐T cells in the draining lymph node. In the phase 1 trial, autologous New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY‐ESO‐1)‐specific TCR‐T cells were infused twice into HLA‐matched patients with NY‐ESO‐1+ soft tissue sarcoma (STS). The pullulan nanogel:LPA vaccine contains an epitope recognized by TCR‐T cells, and it was subcutaneously injected 1 day before and 7 days after the infusion of TCR‐T cells. Lymphodepletion was not performed. Three patients with refractory synovial sarcoma (SS) were treated. Two out of the three patients developed cytokine release syndrome (CRS) with low‐to‐moderate cytokine level elevation. We found obvious tumor shrinkage lasting for more than 2 years by tumor imaging and long‐term persistence of TCR‐T cells in one patient. In conclusion, NY‐ESO‐1‐specific TCR‐T‐cell therapy plus vaccination with the pullulan nanogel carrying an LPA containing the NY‐ESO‐1 epitope without lymphodepletion is feasible and can induce promising long‐lasting therapeutic effects in refractory SS (Registration ID: JMA‐IIA00346).