bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analytical approach to the pricing of an exchange option with default risk under a stochastic volatility model
Authors: Jeon Jaegi , Huh Jeonggyu , Kim Geonwoo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe exchange option, which has two correlated underlying assets, is one of the most popular exotic options in the over-the-counter markets. This paper studies the valuation of exchange options with default risk of option issuer, where default is allowed only at maturity. Moreover, we consider three underlying assets with stochastic volatilities and assume that fast mean-reverting processes determine the stochastic volatilities. Based on the partial differential equation approach, we derive the analytical pricing formula of the exchange option price with default risk using the asymptotic expansion. To verify the accuracy and efficiency of our pricing formula, we compare the results by our pricing formula with those by Monte Carlo simulation, which is considered a benchmark. In addition, we provide several graphs to illustrate the properties of the option for significant parameters.
Drugs and gut microbiome interactions—an emerging field of tailored medicine
Authors: Khan Imran 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGut dwelling microbes provide profound biochemical advantages to the host, including nutrient and drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. It is an emerging understanding that drug-response bias (particularly for orally intake medicine) is related to variation in the microbial composition in the gut. This Editorial at BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology introduces our collection which is discussing the role of gut microbes in modulating drugs’ efficacy and bioavailability.
The potential GHGs reduction of co-processing aviation biofuel in life cycle
Authors: Liu Ziyu , Yang Xiaoyi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe challenge of drop-in jet biofuel should couple the reduction of GHGs emission in whole life cycle with economic competitiveness and achieving performance without reducing performance of engine and aircraft. Co-processing was recognized a promising solution due to availability of existing refining infrastructure and facilities. Based on the LCA approach, the quantitative LCA assessment model (AF-3E) has been established for discovering potential GHGs reduction by co-processing. Typical representatives of oily feedstock, including used cooking oil, soybean, rapeseed, peanut, corn oil, Xanthoceras sorbifolia, jatropha and algae, were compared co-processing with HEFA-SPK blend on GHGs and energy consumption in the whole life. Computational framework is integrated into 3 sub-models and 4 modules, which include feedstocks model, fuel model, flight model and electricity module, hydrogen module, methanol module, hexane module. In flight model, the emissions were investigated at LTO condition and cruise condition and transfer to six types of typical aircraft widely used by similarity criterion. Co-processing achieve less energy consumption and GHGs emission than HEFA-SPK blend, which is attributed to less energy consumption in fuel stage. Used cooking oil conducts 8.17% GHGs reduction in 5% bio-feedstock co-processing and 6.39% in 5% HEFA-SPK jet biofuel blend compared with petroleum-based jet fuel. By sensitivity analysis, the vital factors on GHGs have been extracted in whole life cycle. The purpose of this paper is to discover the advantages and vital factors of co-processing. The results would enhance the interests in both LCA and co-processing for sustainable aviation biofuel.
Graphical Abstract
High excess-free-fructose beverage consumption is not associated with prevalent allergy in US adults: a population-based analysis of NHANES 2005–2006
Authors: Yu Ruili , Cai Lili , Yang Bo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
A strong association exists between high-excess free fructose (EFF) beverage consumption and prevalent allergy in children and adolescents; however, whether this association exists in the adult population is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between high-EFF beverage intake and prevalent allergy.

Methods
This cross-sectional study extracted data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2006. Adults aged ≥ 20 were eligible for inclusion, excluding those without complete information on beverage intake, allergic symptom survey, and allergen-specific immunoglobulin E test results. A total of 2077 adults were included. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses determined the associations between high-EFF beverage consumption, prevalent allergic symptoms, and allergic sensitization.

Results
After adjusting for confounders, there were no significant associations between high intake (vs. low) of sum of high-EFF beverage (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77, 1.57), apple juice (aOR = 0.95, 95% 0.55, 1.65), fruit drinks (aOR = 0.95, 95%CI 0.70, 1.29), soft drinks (aOR = 1.17, 95%CI 0.89, 1.55) and presence of allergic sensitization, or allergic symptoms. Stratified analyses also revealed no associations between high intake of high-EFF beverage in sum, presence of allergic symptoms or sensitization among individuals aged 20–39y, 40–59y, and ≥ 60y.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate no independent association between frequent intake of high-EFF beverage and increased likelihood of allergy in US adults.
Scale anomaly in a Lorentz and CPT-violating quantum electrodynamics
Authors: Porto J. S. , Vieira A. R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We compute the classical and the quantum breaking of the dilatation current in the minimal Lorentz and CPT-violating quantum electrodynamics. At the classical level, scale symmetry is broken by the general mass term

and the Chern-Simons–like term. At the quantum level, it is broken by all expected observable fermion operators in the massless limit.
Impact of varied friendships and influence weights on opinion dynamics
Authors: Li Dandan , Qian Wenqi , Sun Xiaoxiao , Han Dun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Opinions, representing individual thoughts and attitudes, are ubiquitous in societal interactions. The present study investigates the influence of diverse friendships and varying degrees of interpersonal impact on opinion dynamics. Considering that the nature of interactions among friends is contingent upon their level of intimacy, we categorize friendships into three distinct classifications: fixed friend relations (strong links), non-fixed unidirectional friend relations, and non-fixed bidirectional friend relations (both denoting weak links). Employing numerical simulations on both synthetic and real-world networks, our results indicate that individuals exhibiting higher forgetting rates, diminished social interaction intensities, and reduced influence strengths are more inclined to establish cohesive opinions. Inversely, attaining consensus within an actual social network necessitates augmented forgetting rates, curtailed social interaction intensities, and decreased inter-individual influence.
When is the average number of saddle points typical?
Authors: Kent-Dobias Jaron 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A common measure of a function's complexity is the count of its stationary points. For complicated functions, this count grows exponentially with the volume and dimension of their domain. In practice, the count is averaged over a class of functions (the annealed average), but the large numbers involved can produce averages biased by extremely rare samples. Typical counts are reliably found by taking the average of the logarithm (the quenched average), which is more difficult and not often done in practice. When most stationary points are uncorrelated with each other, quenched and annealed averages are equal. Equilibrium heuristics can guarantee when most of the lowest minima will be uncorrelated. We show that these equilibrium heuristics cannot be used to draw conclusions about other minima and saddles by producing examples among Gaussian-correlated functions on the hypersphere where the count of certain saddles and minima has different quenched and annealed averages, despite being guaranteed “safe” in the equilibrium setting. We determine conditions for the emergence of non-trivial correlations between saddles, and discuss the implications for the geometry of those functions and what out-of-equilibrium settings might be affected.
Approach to the Patient: Reninoma
Authors: Hayes Annabelle G , Stowasser Michael , Umapathysivam Mahesh M , Falhammar Henrik , Torpy David J 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA reninoma is a functional tumor of afferent arteriolar juxtaglomerular cells that secretes the enzyme renin, leading to hyperactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Reninoma is a potentially curable cause of pathological secondary hyperaldosteronism that results in often severe hypertension and hypokalemia. The lack of suppression of plasma renin contrasts sharply with the much more common primary aldosteronism, but diagnosis is often prompted by screening for that condition. The major differential diagnosis of reninoma is renovascular hypertension. Fewer than 200 cases of reninoma have been described. Reninomas have been reported across a broad demographic but have a 2:1 predilection for women, often of childbearing age. Aldosterone receptor blockade, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor blockers offer effective medical management but are contraindicated in pregnancy, so surgical curative resection is ideal. The current optimal imaging and biochemical workup of reninoma and management approach (ideally, tumor excision with subtotal renal resection) are described.
A digital twin-based green construction management method for prefabricated buildings
Authors: Liu Zhansheng , Zhu Zhufu , Sun Zhe , Li Anxiu , Ni Shuxin 
Published: August 2023

Background: Site pollution in construction can be reduced by using high levels of prefabrication and industrialization. However, the lack of green concepts and methods during the prefabrication assembly process hinders its environmental benefits. Digital twin technology can monitor sites in real-time and provide data visualization for decision support, which has been used in construction management and risk control. Methods: We propose a six-dimensional digital twin framework that includes physical and virtual spaces, project management and service layers, twin data, and component connections. The framework integrates green factors of prefabricated construction into a model evolution framework and mechanism that enables real-time green services throughout the process. Results: The proposed framework, modeling method, and evolution method were tested in prefabrication projects in Tianjin. By applying these methods, inadequate management measures were promptly identified and strengthened. Energy consumption and pollution were reduced by comparing with the plan before construction. In addition, the model evolution method optimized green management measures and improved the level of green construction management on site. Conclusions: The application results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework, the model building method, and the evolution method in improving the green level of prefabricated construction.
The effect of scapular stabilisation exercises on posture and pain in patients with fibromyalgia: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Polat Hakan , Bayramlar Kezban , Turhan Begümhan 
Published: August 2023

Background/Aims Fibromyalgia is a complex syndrome characterised by chronic widespread pain, postural problems, sleep disorders, fatigue and psychiatric disorders. This study investigated the effect of scapular stabilisation exercises on cervical posture and pain in patients with fibromyalgia. Methods The study included 59 patients between the ages of 18–60 years. Individuals were divided into two groups: the study group (n=29) and control group (n=30). Both groups underwent hot pack application, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and ultrasonography before the exercises. This application continued for a total of 6 weeks in both groups, 5 days a week. After this treatment, the control group was asked to perform conventional shoulder exercises and the scapular stabilisation group was asked to perform scapular stabilisation exercises. The patients were evaluated in terms of pain and cervical posture. Results Pain levels significantly decreased in both groups after the treatment (P=0.019). A decrease in tragus-to-wall distance occurred in the conventional exercise group (P=0.005). Scapular stabilisation exercises were found to be more effective than conventional exercises In terms of pain (P<0.001) and cervical posture, (P=0.024). Conclusions Both exercise programmes reduced pain levels in patients with fibromyalgia. However, scapular stabilisation exercises were more effective at both reducing pain and improving posture. Physiotherapists can use scapular stabilisation exercises to patients with fibromyalgia to reduce pain, improve posture and reduce the load on the joints.
Pathogenic Rickettsia, Anaplasma, and Ehrlichia in Rhipicephalus microplus ticks collected from cattle and laboratory hatched tick larvae
Authors: Xu Jiao , Gu Xiao-Lan , Jiang Ze-Zheng , Cao Xiao-Qian , Wang Rui , Peng Qiu-Ming , Li Ze-Min , Zhang Li , Zhou Chuan-Min , Qin Xiang-Rong , Yu Xue-Jie 
Published: August 2023

Background
The order Rickettsiales contains a group of vector-borne gram-negative obligate intracellular bacteria, which often cause human emerging infectious diseases and economic losses for dairy and meat industries. The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of the pathogens including Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma spp., and Ehrlichia spp. in the order Rickettsiales in ticks from Yueyang, a prefecture-level city of Hunan Province in Sothern China, and assess the potentiality of transovarial transmission of these rickettsial organisms.

Methods
Ticks were collected from cattle in a farm in Yueyang City and the tick DNA was used as template to amplify the htrA, rrs, gltA, ompA and ompB genes of Rickettsia as well as rrs and groEL genes of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia.

Results
All ticks (465) collected were the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus. PCR showed the minimum infection rate (MIR) was 1.5% (7/465) for Candidatus Rickettsia xinyangensis, 1.9% (9/465) for C. Anaplasma boleense, 1.3% (6/465) for Anaplasma platys, 0.6% (3/465) for A. marginale, and 1.17% (2/465) for each of A. bovis, Ehrlichia minasensis, and a non-classified Ehrlichia sp. A human pathogen, C. Rickettsia xinyangensis and A. platys were detected in 100% (3/3) and 33.3% (2/6) laboratory-hatched larval pools from infected females respectively.

Conclusion
Our study revealed a diversity of pathogenic rickettsial species in R. microplus ticks from Hunan Province suggesting a threat to people and animals in China. This study also provided the first molecular evidence for the potential transovarial transmission of C. Rickettsia xinyangensis and A. platys in R. microplus, indicating that R. microplus may act as the host of these two pathogens.
Smartphone ownership, digital literacy, and the mediating role of social connectedness and loneliness in improving the wellbeing of community-dwelling older adults of low socio-economic status in Singapore
Authors: Soundararajan Amrish , Lim Jie Xin , Ngiam Nerice Heng Wen , Tey Angeline Jie-Yin , Tang Aaron Kai Wen , Lim Haikel A. , Yow Ka Shing , Cheng Ling Jie , Ho Jess , Nigel Teo Qun Xuan , Yee Wan Qi , Yoon Sungwon , Low Lian Leng , Ng Kennedy Yao Yi 
Published: August 2023

Introduction
During the COVID-19 pandemic, safe-distancing measures resulted in many community-dwelling older adults being socially isolated and lonely, with its attending negative impact on wellbeing and quality of life. While digital technology may have mitigated this, older adults of low socioeconomic status (SES) are more likely to be digitally excluded and hence susceptible to the adverse effects of social isolation and loneliness. This study aims to understand the factors that affect digital literacy, smartphone ownership, and willingness to participate in a digital literacy program (DLP), and to test the hypothesized relations between digital literacy, social connectedness, loneliness, wellbeing, and quality of life amongst community dwelling older adults of low SES.

Materials and methods
A questionnaire assessing digital literacy, social connectedness, wellbeing and quality of life was administered. Socio-demographic variables, pre-existing internet-enabled, and willingness to participate in a home-based DLP was also collected. Logistic regression was used to identify demographic factors associated with digital literacy, smartphone ownership, and willingness to enroll in a DLP. Serial mediation analysis was also performed using a structural equation model framework.

Results
A total of 302 participants were recruited. Female gender, older age, lower education levels were associated with lower digital literacy. Those who owned a smartphone tended to be younger and better educated. Older adults who were better educated, of Chinese descent (the ethnic majority in Singapore), and who had lower digital literacy, were most willing to enroll in the digital literacy education program. Social-use digital literacy had a positive indirect effect on well-being (b^=0.037,95%CI=[0.007,0.101]) and Quality of life (b^=0.004,95%CI=[0.001,0.010]), mediated by social connectedness and loneliness. In contrast, instrumental-use digital literacy had a negative indirect effect on well-being (b^=−0.030,95%CI=[−0.080,−0.008]) and Quality of life (b^=−0.003,95%CI=[−0.008,−0.001]), mediated by social connectedness and loneliness.

Discussion
The results suggest there are demographic barriers to participation in DLPs and highlight the benefit of focusing on enhancing social-use digital literacy. Further study is needed to evaluate how well specific interventions to improve social-use digital literacy help to reduce social isolation and loneliness, and ultimately improve wellbeing and quality of life.
Dopamine Alters the Effect of Brain Stimulation on Decision-Making
Authors: Leow Li-Ann , Marcos Anjeli , Nielsen Esteban , Sewell David , Ballard Timothy , Dux Paul E. , Filmer Hannah L. 
Published: August 2023

Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), show promise in treating a range of psychiatric and neurologic conditions. However, optimization of such applications requires a better understanding of how tDCS alters cognition and behavior. Existing evidence implicates dopamine in tDCS alterations of brain activity and plasticity; however, there is as yet no causal evidence for a role of dopamine in tDCS effects on cognition and behavior. Here, in a preregistered, double-blinded study, we examined how pharmacologically manipulating dopamine altered the effect of tDCS on the speed–accuracy trade-off, which taps ubiquitous strategic operations. Cathodal tDCS was delivered over the left prefrontal cortex and the superior medial frontal cortex before participants (N= 62, 24 males, 38 females) completed a dot-motion task, making judgments on the direction of a field of moving dots under instructions to emphasize speed, accuracy, or both. We leveraged computational modeling to uncover how our interventions altered latent decisional processes driving the speed–accuracy trade-off. We show that dopamine in combination with tDCS (but not tDCS alone nor dopamine alone) not only impaired decision accuracy but also impaired discriminability, which suggests that these manipulations altered the encoding or representation of discriminative evidence. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first direct evidence implicating dopamine in the way tDCS affects cognition and behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTtDCS can improve cognitive and behavioral impairments in clinical conditions; however, a better understanding of its mechanisms is required to optimize future clinical applications. Here, using a pharmacological approach to manipulate brain dopamine levels in healthy adults, we demonstrate a role for dopamine in the effects of tDCS in the speed–accuracy trade-off, a strategic cognitive process ubiquitous in many contexts. In doing so, we provide direct evidence implicating dopamine in the way tDCS affects cognition and behavior.
A Tale of 8 Cities: Pediatric Critical Care Redeployment to Adult Care During Wave 1 of COVID-19
Authors: Odetola Folafoluwa O. , Carlton Erin F. , Dews Alyssa , Anspach Renee R. , Evans Melissa C. , Howell Joy D. , Keenan Heather , Kolovos Nikoleta S. , Levin Amanda B. , Mendelson Jenny , Ushay H. Michael , Yager Phoebe H. 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND
Pediatric hospital resources including critical care faculty (intensivists) redeployed to provide care to adults in adult ICUs or repurposed PICUs during wave 1 of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

OBJECTIVES
To determine the magnitude of pediatric hospital resource redeployment and the experience of pediatric intensivists who redeployed to provide critical care to adults with COVID-19.

METHODS
A mixed methods study was conducted at 9 hospitals in 8 United States cities where pediatric resources were redeployed to provide care to critically ill adults with COVID-19. A survey of redeployed pediatric hospital resources and semistructured interviews of 40 redeployed pediatric intensivists were simultaneously conducted. Quantitative data were summarized as median (interquartile range) values.

RESULTS
At study hospitals, there was expansion in adult ICU beds from a baseline median of 100 (86–107) to 205 (108–250). The median proportion (%) of redeployed faculty (88; 66–100), nurses (46; 10–100), respiratory therapists (48; 18–100), invasive ventilators (72; 0–100), and PICU beds (71; 0–100) was substantial. Though driven by a desire to help, faculty were challenged by unfamiliar ICU settings and culture, lack of knowledge of COVID-19 and fear of contracting it, limited supplies, exhaustion, and restricted family visitation. They recommended deliberate preparedness with interprofessional collaboration and cross-training, and establishment of a robust supply chain infrastructure for future public health emergencies and will redeploy again if asked.

CONCLUSIONS
Pediatric resource redeployment was substantial and pediatric intensivists faced formidable challenges yet would readily redeploy again.
SCREENING OF NEWBORN INFANTS FOR METABOLIC DISEASE
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN
Published: August 2023

AN OPPORTUNITY to establish screening procedures for case-finding in a number of metabolic diseases now exists in the United States, because most infants are born in hospitals where appropriate screening can easily be carried out. Case-finding in the neonatal period facilitates early inauguration of therapy, genetic counseling, and improved understanding of the natural history and incidence of metabolic diseases.
The Committee on Fetus and Newborn considered four types of screening programs: (1) screening of all newborn infants, (2) screening of specific groups of neonates with increased risk of certain disorders, (3) large scale, pilot-screening programs, designed primarily for research and acquisition of knowledge about the natural history of disease, (4) screening of expectant mothers, particularly using tests of amniotic fluid.
The committee did not consider screening of older children. However, it is emphasized that a number of important diseases, e.g., Wilson's disease, cannot be detected by screening in the first few days of life.
In evaluating screening tests for specific diseases, the Committee based its recommendations on the following criteria:
1. Does the seriousness of the disorder justify screening?
2. Is therapy for the disease in question available?
3. Is there a clearly identifiable segment of the population with an increased incidence of this disease?
4. Is it possible to perform reliable screening during the first few days of life?
5. Can the screening test be performed in a routine service laboratory?
6. Is the test acceptable to the physician and to a majority of parents?
7. Is the cost of the test acceptable?