bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a predictive model for loss of functional and cognitive abilities in long-term care home residents: a protocol
Authors: Yin Christina Y , Talarico Robert , Scott Mary M , Hakimjavadi Ramtin , Kierulf Jackie , Webber Colleen , Hawken Steven , Moledina Aliza , Manuel Douglas G , Hsu Amy , Tanuseputro Peter , Fung Celeste , Kaasalainen Sharon , Molnar Frank , Shamon Sandy , Ronksley Paul E , McIsaac Daniel I , Kobewka Daniel 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionLong-term care (LTC) residents require extensive assistance with daily activities due to physical and cognitive impairments. Medical treatment for LTC residents, when not aligned with residents’ wishes, can cause discomfort without providing substantial benefits. Predictive models can equip providers with tools to guide treatment recommendations that support person-centred medical decision-making. This study protocol describes the derivation and validation of time-to-event predictive models for (1) permanent loss of independence in physical function, (2) permanent severe cognitive impairment and (3) time alive with complete dependence for those with disability starting from the date of onset.Methods and analysisWe will use population-based administrative health data from the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences of all LTC residents in Ontario, Canada, to construct the derivation and internal validation cohorts. The external validation cohort will use data from LTC residents in Alberta, Canada. Predictors were identified based on existing literature, patient advisors and expert opinions (clinical and analytical). We identified 50 variables to predict the loss of independence in physical function, 58 variables to predict the loss of independence in cognitive function and 36 variables to predict the time spent in a state of dependence. We will use time-to-event models to predict the time to loss of independence and time spent in the state of disability. Full and reduced models (using a step-down procedure) will be developed for each outcome. Predictive performance will be assessed in both derivation and validation cohorts using overall measures of predictive accuracy, discrimination and calibration. We will create risk groups to present model risk estimates to users as median time-to-event. Risk groups will be externally validated within the Alberta LTC cohort.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained through the Bruyère Research Institute Ethics Committee. Study findings will be submitted for publication and disseminated at conferences. The predictive algorithm will be available to the general public.
Importance of infarct topography in determination of stroke mechanism and recurrence risk: a post-hoc analysis of the dabigatran acute treatment of stroke trial
Authors: Cimen Erol , Ng Kelvin , Buck Brian H , Field Thalia , Coutts Shelagh B , Gioia Laura C , Hill Michael D , Miller Jodi , Benavente Oscar R , Sharma Mukul , Butcher Ken 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between infarct pattern, inferred stroke mechanism and risk of recurrence in patients with ischaemic stroke. The question is clinically relevant to optimise secondary stroke prevention investigations and treatment.DesignWe conducted a retrospective analysis of the dabigatran treatment of acute stroke II (DATAS II) trial (ClinicalTrials.gove NCTNCT02295826), in which patients underwent diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) at baseline and 30 days after randomisation to one of two antithrombotic therapies. Patients were classified as embolic, isolated small subcortical infarcts or transient ischaemic attack TIA (no infarct) at baseline and day 30. Stroke mechanism was determined by traditional and modified (based on DWI lesion findings) Trial of Org 10 172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria (DWI-TOAST).SettingMulticentre (6) tertiary acute stroke treatment hospitals.Participants305 adults with minor ischaemic stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score≤9).ResultsOf 305 patients, 148 had embolic pattern infarcts, 93 were isolated small subcortical infarcts and 64 had no infarct on baseline MRI (TIA). In the absence of DWI, TOAST classification indicated the mechanism was cryptogenic in 147 patients (48.2%), and small-vessel occlusion in 127 (41.6%). Using, DWI-TOAST, the number of cryptogenic strokes decreased to 123 (40.3%), and the number of small-vessel occlusion strokes increased to 151 (49.5%). Recurrent infarcts were seen in 13% of patients with an MRI-defined embolic infarct pattern and cryptogenic mechanism on DWI-TOAST. The relative risk of recurrent infarction in patients with undetermined aetiology was increased compared with other categories (standardised coefficient=1.0 (0.1, 1.9), p=0.029). The topography of recurrent infarcts was most often embolic (60.9%), but in 39.1% an isolated small subcortical infarct was seen.ConclusionsDefinitive identification of infarct topography with DWI has a significant impact on infarct mechanism classification. The variable relationship between baseline infarct patterns, clinical presentation and recurrent infarct distribution is a challenge to both the lacunar and embolic stroke of uncertain source (ESUS) concepts. Irrespective of aetiological classification, patients with MRI-defined cryptogenic embolic pattern infarcts are at high risk for recurrent events.Trial registration numberLinked to the DATAS II trial. ClinicalTrials.gov IDNCT02295826.
Effects of strategies to tackle racism experienced by healthcare professionals: a systematic review
Authors: Okeahialam Nicola , Salami Oluwatosin , Siddiqui Farah , Thangaratinam Shakila , Khalil Asma , Thakar Ranee 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI) training interventions on race inequalities experienced by healthcare professionals.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesCochrane, MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched from database inception to February 2024.Eligibility criteriaRandomised trials, observational studies and mixed-methods studies published in English were included. Studies that reported the effects of EDI training interventions targeting healthcare professionals were included.Date extraction and synthesisA narrative synthesis approach was used to evaluate the impact of EDI interventions on healthcare professionals.Results17 studies were included. EDI interventions were delivered using several methods including didactic, group discussion, game-based learning or a combination of methods. Out of nine studies, eight (88.9%) interventions resulted in an improvement in knowledge and awareness. Five studies reviewed the effect on cultural competence and four (80.0%) improved cultural competence. Out of eight studies, six (75.0%) resulted in willingness to change and skills gained to promote behavioural change. Most of the improvements seen were with theory-based, multimethod curriculum in comparison to a non-theory-based didactic approach. However, there was insufficient evidence to suggest that these interventions impact the racism that healthcare professionals from an ethnic/racial minoritised group experience.ConclusionsEDI interventions may improve healthcare workers’ knowledge and awareness of racial inequalities and cultural competence. Although a willingness to change may occur and behavioural change is promoted, there is insufficient evidence from this review to suggest that this reduces the experience of racism.
Suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Quarshie Emmanuel Nii-Boye , Dickson Erica Danfrekua , Quarshie Sandra Naa-Shasha , Kpebu Sophia Ewuenye Adwoa , Oppong Asante Kwaku 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundGlobally, suicide is the third leading cause of death among girls aged 15–19 years. However, there is a growing concern that suicide research has paid little attention to pregnant adolescent girls, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries, including Ghana, where nearly one in seven adolescents experiences (unwanted) pregnancy.AimsTo assess the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt and the self-reported reasons for attempted suicide among pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana.MethodsWe collected cross-sectional data (between August 2022 and December 2023) using structured anonymous questionnaires from a sample of 449 pregnant adolescent girls (aged 14–19 years) drawn from the three geographical zones of Ghana. We applied bivariable and multivariable analysis techniques to the data.ResultsOverall, 28.51% (95% confidence interval (CI) 24.37% to 32.93%) reported suicidal ideation, and 18.04% (95% CI 14.59% to 21.91%) reported suicide attempt during the current pregnancy. Participants who reported attempted suicide endorsed more interpersonal reasons (eg, to communicate distress, to seek help or to influence others) than intrapersonal reasons for their attempted suicide. In the final adjusted logistic regression models, food insecurity (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.69; 95% CI 1.34 to 5.41; p=0.005) was uniquely associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation. Adverse childhood experiences (aOR=3.04; 95% CI 1.33 to 6.97; p=0.008), history of attempted suicide before current pregnancy (aOR=3.47; 95% CI 1.27 to 9.47; p=0.0.015) and depression (measured by the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index; aOR=0.31; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.77; p=0.012) were uniquely associated with increased odds of suicide attempt. Five variables were commonly associated with increased odds of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt: conflict with parents, alcohol use, pregnancy-related anxiety, history of attempted suicide and intimate partner violence. While being in junior high school was uniquely associated with reduced odds of suicidal ideation, intimate partner’s acceptance of paternity was commonly associated with reduced odds of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt.ConclusionsAlthough the prevalence estimates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in this study are comparable with known rates among non-pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana, additional research is needed to nuance our understanding of the correlates identified in this study. The evidence also highlights a need for both routine antepartum primary care mental health screening for suicidality and related risks and targeted prevention and intervention programmes.
Towards the understanding of heavy quarks hadronization: from leptonic to heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Altmann J. , Dubla A. , Greco V. , Rossi A. , Skands P. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe formation of hadrons is a fundamental process in nature that can be investigated at particle colliders. As several recent findings demonstrate, with $$\textrm{e}^{+}\textrm{e}^{-}$$

e
+

e
-

collisions as a “vacuum-like” reference at one extreme, and central nucleus–nucleus as a dense, extended size system characterized by flow and local equilibrium at the opposite extreme, different collision systems offer a lever arm that can be exploited to probe with a range of heavy-flavour hadron species the onset of various hadronization processes. In this review, we present an overview of the theoretical and experimental developments. The focus is on open-heavy-flavour measurements. The comparison with model predictions and connections among the results in electron–positron, proton–proton, proton–nucleus, nucleus–nucleus collisions are discussed. After reviewing the current state, we suggest some prospects and future developments.
Long-term stable laser injection locking for quasi-CW applications
Authors: Kiesel Florian , Karpov Kirill , De Martino Alexandre , Auch Jonas , Gross Christian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGenerating high output powers while achieving narrow line single mode lasing are often mutual exclusive properties of commercial laser diodes. For this reason, efficient and scalable amplification of narrow line laser light is still a major driving point in modern laser system designs. Commonly, injection locking of high-power semiconductor laser diodes are used for this purpose. However, for many laser diodes it is very challenging to achieve stable operation of the injection locked state due to a complex interplay of non-linearities and thermal effects. Different approaches of active or passive stabilization usually require a large overhead of optical and electrical equipment and are not generally applicable. In our work we present an active, periodically applied stabilization scheme which is generally applicable, technically easy to implement and extremely cost-effective. It is based on the externally synchronized automatic acquisition of the optimal injection state. Central to our simple but powerful scheme is the management of thermalization effects during lock acquisition. By periodical relocking, spectrally pure amplified light is maintained in a quasi-CW manner over long timescales. We characterize the performance of our method for laser diodes amplifying 671 nm light and demonstrate the general applicability by confirming the method to work also for laser diodes at 401 nm, 461 nm and 689 nm. Our scheme enables the scaled operation of injection locks, even in cascaded setups, for the distributed amplification of single frequency laser light.
Permutation Predictions for Non-Clairvoyant Scheduling
Authors: Lindermayr Alexander , Megow Nicole 
Published: January 2025

In non-clairvoyant scheduling, the task is to schedule jobs with a priori
unknown
processing requirements. We revisit this well-studied problem with the objective of minimizing the total (weighted) completion time in a recently popular learning-augmented setting that integrates possibly imperfect predictions into online algorithm design. While previous works used predictions on processing requirements, we propose a new prediction model that provides a relative order of jobs, which could be seen as predicting algorithmic actions rather than parts of the unknown input. We show that these succinct predictions have desired properties, admit a natural error measure, and enable algorithms with strong performance guarantees. Additionally, these predictions are learnable in both theory and practice. We generalize the algorithmic framework proposed in the seminal paper by Purohit, Kumar, and Svitkina (NeurIPS 2018) and present the first learning-augmented scheduling results for weighted jobs and unrelated machines. We demonstrate in empirical experiments the practicability and superior performance compared to the previously suggested single-machine algorithms.
Variation in Hypertension Control by Race and Ethnicity, and Geography in US Veterans
Authors: Lind Kimberly E. , Wong Michelle S. , Frochen Stephen E. , Yuan Anita H. , Washington Donna L. 
Published: January 2025

Background
Hypertension control and related cardiovascular outcomes among Americans remain suboptimal, and differ by race, ethnicity, and geography. Healthcare access is one of multiple critical factors in hypertension control. Understanding the degree to which healthcare access, versus other factors, produce these outcomes can inform policies and interventions to improve cardiovascular outcomes and reduce disparities. Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System data provide a unique opportunity to understand residual racial and ethnic differences in hypertension control after accounting for healthcare access. Our objective was to describe pre‐pandemic post‐Affordable Care Act implementation hypertension control by geographic sector and race and ethnicity, and assess spatial clustering of hypertension control.

Methods and Results
A secondary data analysis of hypertension control among US veterans (n=1 619 414) nationwide and in 4 US territories was conducted using electronic health record data. Age‐ and sex‐adjusted regression models estimated overall and race‐ and ethnicity‐specific rates by geographic sector. We created choropleth maps of hypertension control rates and assessed spatial autocorrelation. Hypertension control rates varied across sectors by race and ethnicity (range, 44.1%–97.5%); Black veterans, followed by American Indian or Alaska Native veterans, had the lowest mean control rates (72.5% and 75.4%, respectively). There was clustering of low hypertension control rates for Black veterans in the Pacific Northwest, Southwest, Missouri, Kansas, and Arkansas, and for American Indian or Alaska Native veterans in the West and Southwest.

Conclusions
Hypertension control rates varied geographically for veteran groups experiencing racial and ethnic disparities. Geographic areas with concentrations of low rates of hypertension control should be a focus for interventions to address racial and ethnic disparities.
Prognostic Significance of Computed Tomography‐Derived Fractional Flow Reserve for Long‐Term Outcomes in Individuals With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Li Zhennan , Xu Tingfeng , Wang Zhiqiang , Ding Yaodong , Zhang Yang , Lin Li , Wang Minxian , Xu Lei , Zeng Yong 
Published: January 2025

Background
Data on the predictive value of coronary computed tomography angiography–derived fractional flow reserve (CT‐FFR) for long‐term outcomes are limited.

Methods and Results

A retrospective pooled analysis of individual patient data was performed. Deep‐learning‐based CT‐FFR was calculated. All patients enrolled were followed‐up for at least 5 years. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events. The secondary outcome was death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. Predictive abilities for outcomes were compared among 3 models (model 1, constructed using clinical variables; model 2, model 1+coronary computed tomography angiography–derived anatomical parameters; and model 3, model 2+CT‐FFR). A total of 2566 patients (median age, 60 [53–65] years; 56.0% men) with coronary artery disease were included. During a median follow‐up time of 2197 (2127–2386) days, 237 patients (9.2%) experienced major adverse cardiovascular events. In multivariable‐adjusted Cox models, CT‐FFR≤0.80 (hazard ratio [HR], 5.05 [95% CI, 3.64–7.01];
P
<0.001) exhibited robust predictive value. The discriminant ability was higher in model 2 than in model 1 (Harrell's C‐statistics, 0.79 versus 0.64;
P
<0.001) and was further promoted by adding CT‐FFR to model 3 (Harrell's C‐statistics, 0.83 versus 0.79;
P
<0.001). Net reclassification improvement was 0.264 (
P
<0.001) for model 2 beyond model 1. Of note, compared with model 2, model 3 also exhibited improvement (net reclassification improvement=0.085;
P
=0.001). As for predicting death or nonfatal myocardial infarction, only incorporating CT‐FFR into model 3 showed improved reclassification (net reclassification improvement=0.131;
P
=0.021).

Conclusions
CT‐FFR provides strong and incremental prognostic information for predicting long‐term outcomes. The combined models incorporating CT‐FFR exhibit modest improvement of prediction abilities, which may aid in risk stratification and decision‐making.
Temporal Unfolding of Spelling-to-sound Mappings in Visual (Non)word Recognition
Authors: Faísca Luís , Reis Alexandra , Araújo Susana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Behavioral research has shown that inconsistency in spelling-to-sound mappings slows visual word recognition and word naming. However, the time course of this effect remains underexplored. To address this, we asked skilled adult readers to perform a 1-back repetition detection task that did not explicitly involve phonological coding, in which we manipulated lexicality (high-frequency words vs. pseudowords) and sublexical spelling-to-sound consistency (treated as a dichotomous—consistent vs. inconsistent—and continuous dimension), while recording their brain electrical activity. The ERP results showed that the adult brain distinguishes between real and nonexistent words within 119–172 msec after stimulus onset (early N170), likely reflecting initial, rapid access to a primitive visuo-orthographic representation. The consistency of spelling-to-sound mappings exerted an effect shortly after the lexicality effect (172–270 msec; late N170), which percolated to the 353- to 475-msec range but only for real words. This suggests that, in expert readers, orthographic and phonological codes become available automatically and nearly simultaneously within the first 200 msec of the recognition process. We conclude that the early coupling of orthographic and phonological information plays a core role in visual word recognition by mature readers. Our findings support “quasiparallel” processing rather than strict cognitive seriality in early visual word recognition.
Saccades and Blinks Index Cognitive Demand During Auditory Noncanonical Sentence Comprehension
Authors: LaCroix Arianna N. , Ratiu Ileana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Noncanonical sentence structures pose comprehension challenges because they require increased cognitive demand. Prosody may partially alleviate this cognitive load. These findings largely stem from behavioral studies, yet physiological measures may reveal additional insights into how cognition is deployed to parse sentences. Pupillometry has been at the forefront of investigations into physiological measures of cognitive demand during auditory sentence comprehension. This study offers an alternative approach by examining whether eye-tracking measures, including blinks and saccades, index cognitive demand during auditory noncanonical sentence comprehension and whether these metrics are sensitive to reductions in cognitive load associated with typical prosodic cues. We further investigated how eye-tracking patterns differ across correct and incorrect responses, as a function of time, and how each related to behavioral measures of cognition. Canonical and noncanonical sentence comprehension was measured in 30 younger adults using an auditory sentence–picture matching task. We also assessed participants' attention and working memory. Blinking and saccades both differentiate noncanonical sentences from canonical sentences. Saccades further distinguish noncanonical structures from each other. Participants made more saccades on incorrect than correct trials. The number of saccades also related to working memory, regardless of syntax. However, neither eye-tracking metric was sensitive to the changes in cognitive demand that was behaviorally observed in response to typical prosodic cues. Overall, these findings suggest that eye-tracking indices, particularly saccades, reflect cognitive demand during auditory noncanonical sentence comprehension when visual information is present, offering greater insights into the strategies and neural resources participants use to parse auditory sentences.