bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Sodium Chloride, Putrescine, and Melatonin on The Chemical Markers of Green Beans
Authors: Maola Maha , Ayied Shatha , Jaber Mohamed 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of salt stress using four different concentrations of sodium chloride (0, 40, 20, 60) mmol. L-1 and four different concentrations of the growth regulators putrescine and melatonin (0, PUT 0.2, MEL 0.2, MEL 0.4) mmol. L-1 and their overlap in some chemical markers of a green bean plant. The experiment was carried out using the complete random design (CRD) as a factorial experiment with two factors and ten repetitions. The results showed that the effect of salt stress led to a significant decrease in most of the chemical traits as it resulted in a concentration of 60 mmol. L-1 led to a decrease in the percentage of nutrients, Nitrogen Potassium, and a significant increase in sodium percentage in shoots compared to the control treatment (no growth regulator was added). While the percentage of phosphorous in the shoots was decreased by a concentration of 40 mmol. L-1 compared to a concentration of 20 mmol. L-1 which gave the highest percentage. The results showed that the addition of melatonin led to a significant increase in most of the studied traits when using concentrations 0.2 and 0.4 mmol. L-1, in the percentage of nutrients nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium content in shoots, compared with the cultures grown under the influence of putrescin at a concentration of 0.2 mmol. L-1, which gave the lowest rate. As it gave the interaction treatment without adding sodium chloride with melatonin at a concentration of 0.4 mmol. L-1 had the highest percentage of nitrogen in the shoots. The treatment gave 20 mmol. L-1 NaCl with melatonin at a concentration of 0.4 mmol. L-1 had the highest percentage of phosphorus in the shoots. While the concentration was recorded at 60 mmol. L-1 NaCl with 0.4 mmol Melatonin. L-1 has the highest level of sodium content.
Effect of Shading Ratio, Benzyl Adenine and Organic Fertilizer ( Horti Boost 10) on the Content of Elements and some Chemical Compounds of Myrtle Plants (Myrtus communis L.)
Authors: Al-Dalwi Lanjah Mohammed Saeed , Al-Bakkar Alaa Hussien A. Q. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted in the fields of the Department of Horticulture and Garden Engineering / College of Agriculture / University of Kirkuk / Shwaro District, located at latitude (35.53°) and longitude (44.38°) for the city of Kirkuk for a period of ten months from June 2021 until April 2022, for seedlings of myrtle plant of the age The seedlings were homogeneous in size and height (2 ± 42 cm), and the study included the effect of three factors on the myrtle plant, the first factor was the percentage of shading (50% inside the wooden canopy and shading with green saran clip 75%), and the second factor was three levels of benzyl growth regulator Adenine at concentrations (0, 35, 70) mg.l-1, by two sprays, the first in October and the second in November, and the third factor was three levels of Horti boost10 organic fertilizer at concentrations (0, 1, 2) ml. Liter-1, the implementation of this study followed the design of randomized complete blocks RCBD with a factorial experiment with three replications and the number of seedlings was (2 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 2 = 108) seedlings. The results were analyzed using the SAS program and the averages were compared using the test Duncan’s polynomial at the 5% probability level, and the results showed that the effect of shading ratio at the intensity was 50% It led to a significant increase in the leaves content of nitrogen 2.76%, potassium 1.95%, protein 1.55%, respectively, and there were no significant differences between the averages when using benzyl adenine at different concentrations in the experiment. And when spraying with organic fertilizer, a significant increase was observed in most of the chemical elements, where the spraying at a concentration of 2 ml.l-1 was significantly superior to the leaf content of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, protein, and carbohydrate (3.18%, 0.134%, 1.93%, 1.80%, and 10.60 %) Straight.
Response of Growth and Yield of True Potato Seed Plants to Foliar Application with Organic Nutrients
Authors: Zainaldeen M. A. , Abdul Rasool I. J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The experiment was carried out in the spring season of 2017 in the open fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/University of Baghdad/Al-Jadriya camps in order to improve the growth and yield of potato plants resulting from the cultivation of true potato seeds of the hybrid BSS-295 by spraying with two organic nutrients. The experiment included two factors: First one was spraying with Megafol nutrient at concentrations 0, 1, 2 and 4 ml l-1 and the second was spraying with Algazone nutrient at concentrations 0, 1.5 and 3 ml l-1, the experiment was applied according to the complete randomized block design with three replications and the averages were compared according to the LSD test 5%. The results indicate that spraying Megafol at a concentration of 4 ml L-1 led to a significant increase in plant height (64.60 cm), and plant yield (214 g plant-1). Spraying Algazone at a concentration of 3 ml L-1 led to a significant increase in plant height (56.47 cm), number of total stems (7.07 stem plant-1), leaf area (0.822 m2 plant-1), number of tubers (9.56 tuber plant-1), and the yield of the plant (144.90 g of plant-1). The interaction between Megafol 4 ml L-1 with Algazone 3 ml L-1 gave the highest value of plant height, number of total branches, chlorophyll content of leaves, tuber weight and plant yield (67.17 cm, 9.15 stem, 374.90 mg 100 g-1, 18.77 g. tuber-1, 235.00 g.plant-1 Respectively).
Effect of Foliar Spray with Nano-NPK Fertilizer and Yeast Extract on Growth of Orange (C. sinensis L. Osb.) Washington Navel Variety
Authors: Jubeir S. M. , Hamdan A. Q. , Turkan S. M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The factorial experiment was conducted in the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening Design, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Iraq through the growing season 2020 to investigate the vegetative growth response of navel orange seedlings grafted on the Citrus stocks to the spraying with balanced Nano-NPK (20-20-20) at four concentrations of (0,1,2 and 3) g. l-1 and yeast extract the following concentrations (0, 1.5, 3 and 4.5) g.l-1. The results in the two seasons showed a superiority effects of the interaction treatments at the highest concentrations of both of Nano-Fertilizer and yeast extract which it reached to the characters plant high, stem diameter, leaves number, leaf area, leaves area, branches number and chlorophyll (26.253cm.seedling-1,1.6867 mm.seedling-1,42.80leaf.seedling-1,33.267cm2.leaf-1,46.25cm2.seedling-1,8.8067 branch.seedling-1 and 273.93 mg.100g-1fw) in the first season and (27.233cm.seedling-1,2.41 mm.seedling-1, 54.67leaf.seedling-1,34.400 cm2.leaf1-,53.40 cm2.seedling-8.8073 branch.seedling-1 and 268.0mg.100 g-1 fw) in the second season for the studied characters respectively. Also, the interaction treatment (N3Y3) at the highest level of both of Nano-NPK and yeast extract showed the best results in the percentage of dry matter, N, P and K leaves content while the control treatment was the least for all the studied characters.
Effect of Foliar Spraying with Putrescine and Indole Acetic Acid on Growth and Flowering of Two Strains of Snapdragon Plant cv. ‘Opus III/IV’
Authors: Taha Sanaa Thamer , Mohammad Saeed Abdul Kareem A. J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
During the autumn of 2022 and 2021, the experiment was carried out in a plastic greenhouse at the Baqubah center nursery, which is part of the Diyala Agriculture Directorate to check out what happens when you sprinkle foliar fertilizer with putrescine at concentrations 0, 50, 100 and 150 mg L-1, symbolized by P0, P50, P100 and P150 mg L-1, respectively, and Indole acetic acid at concentrations 0, 50, 100 and 150 mg L-1, symbolized by IAA0, IAA50, IAA100 and IAA150 mg L-1, respectively, on growth and flowering of two strains (white and red) of snapdragon plant (Antirrhinum majus L.) cv. ‘Opus III/IV’After being sprayed with putrescine through the leaves, Major enhancements were seen in nearly all aspects of the plant’s growth, both vegetative and floral. Plant height (111.49 cm), number of leaves (433.37 leaves plant-1), and flower stalk length (86.33 cm) were all significantly improved by foliar spraying treatment at a concentration of 150 mg L-1, while leaf area (4723.0 cm2) was significantly improved by spraying at a concentration of 100 mg L-1, and best results were achieved by spraying at a concentration of 50 mg L-1 (102.42 days). Foliar spraying with Indole acetic acid led to a significant increase in vegetative and flowering growth traits. Foliar spraying treatment at a concentration of 150 mg L-1 resulted in a significant increase in the traits represented by percentage of total carbohydrates (18.37%), nitrogen (2.93%), phosphorous (0.58%) and potassium (3.00%) in the leaves, number of inflorescences (10.75 inflorescence plant-1), while spraying treatment with concentration of 50 mg L-1 excelled and gave the best results for the vase life (9.55 days). It is clear from the results that the two strains varied in the traits of vegetative and flowering growth, where they varied in the strength showing of the traits, as the white strain excelled in most of the vegetative and flowering traits and showed a significant increase in number of leaves (421.90 leaf plant-1), leaf area (4516.56 cm2), flower stalk length (84.10 cm), and the vase life (10.11 days), while the red strain showed a significant effect in percentage of total carbohydrates (13.09%), nitrogen (2.21%), phosphorous (0.42%), potassium (2.32%) in the leaves, and number of inflorescences (9.33 inflorescence plant-1). All vegetative and floral growth parameters were significantly affected by the interaction between putrescine and Indole acetic acid in foliar spraying for two snapdragon plant strains. The best results were found in the red strain’s interaction treatment with spraying of Indole acetic acid at a concentration of 150 mg L-1 for total carbohydrate content (20.70%), nitrogen (3.18%), phosphorus (0.70%), and potassium (3.25%) in the leaves, as well as the number of inflorescences per plant (10.75 inflorescences plant-1). The white strain’s interaction treatment with spraying of putrescine at a concentration of 50 mg L-1 (102.42 days).
The Exogenous Application of Triacontanol, Boron and Low Biuret Urea Effects on Physical and Chemical Characteristic of Apple Fruits cv. Sharaby
Authors: Muhi Husam Mohammed , Abd Ali Mohammed 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in a private orchard located at Al-Gadeda region/Diyala governorate during 2021 growing season on apple tree cv. Sharaby grafted on the Agmee rootstock, to study the effect of exogenous application of triacontanol, boron, and low biuret urea on physical and chemical characteristics of apple fruit, using RCBD with three factors, foliar spray of Triacontanol at three conc.(0, 5, and 10 ml liter -1) applied three times( Red bud stage, before full bloom and one month after fruits set, boron at two concentrations (0 and 100 ml liter-1) applied twice( before opening the bloom and two weeks later), and low biuret urea at 0, 0.5 and 1 % sprayed twice one month after fruits set and two weeks later), The results revealed a significant differences between treated plants compared with untreated one in most of the studied traits(Fruits length, Fruits diameter, juice Total Sugar, Sorbitol, and Mannitol ).
Effect of Nitrogenous, Organic and Biological Fertilizers on some Vegetative and Qualitative Characteristics of Spinach Plant Spinacea oleracea L.
Authors: Kazem Haneen Fadel , Mutar Khalid Abed 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe experiment was conducted in the fields of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape / College of Agriculture / University of Karbala in Al-Hussainiya district of Karbala governorate during the autumn season 2021-2022 to study the response of some chemical and qualitative characteristics of spinach variety Viroflay, with 2 factors, the levels of nitrogen fertilizer (urea) represent the main plots and the sub plots the fertilization treatments of the secondary panels (Sub plot) and the experiment included 54 experimental units, and the differences were compared using the least significant difference test (L.S.D) at a probability level of 0.05. The results of the fertilizer addition (biological fertilizer + poultry manure) to the T6 treatment showed a significant superiority in the characteristics of vegetative growth, as it gave the highest rates and reached in plant height (23.71 cm. plant-1) And the average number of leaves (11.77 leaves. Plant-1) and the dry weight of the shoot (8.97 g. plant-1). The addition of nitrogen fertilizer (urea) when treated with N100% resulted in a significant superiority in the characteristics of vegetative growth, and the highest rates were in plant height (22.71 cm. Plant-1) And the average number of leaves (10.89 leaves. Plant-1), and the dry weight of the shoot (10.23 g. plant-1), The same treatment had a significant effect on the chemical indicators, as it recorded a clear decrease in the content of nitrates and oxalates, which amounted to (110.0 mg g-1and 81.20 mg g.100 ml) Plant respectively.
Effect of Brassinolide and Chitosan on Vegetative Growth and some Qualitative Parameters of Local and Blood Orange Fruits. Citrus sinensis L.
Authors: Lateef Sabreen Mohammed , Abbas Adib Jassim , Majeed Mustafa Rasheed 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The experiment was conducted on orange trees variety(Local orange and blood orange) Citrus sinensis L. for the season 2021, to study the effect of the variety and spraying with Brassinolide regulator at a concentration of 0.015, 0.025 mg L-1 and Chitosan 0.5%, 1% on some vegetative growth characteristics and qualitative characteristics of orange fruits. It was designed using a randomized complete block design, and the difference between the means was tested using the least significant difference test at the 5% probability level. The results showed the superiority of the variety factor, as the local variety (V1) achieved a significant increase in the area of one leaf and the content of leaves from chlorophyll and carbohydrates, while the blood variety (V2) was significantly superior in reducing the acidity of the fruit juice and increasing the content of the fruits of total sugars. Concerning spraying treatments, the spraying with Brassinolide BL2 at a concentration of 0.025 mg L−1 was superior in the area of one leaf, the content of leaves from chlorophyll and carbohydrates and the increase in the content of fruits from total sugars, and the treatment of spraying with Chitosan Ch2 at a concentration of 1% had a significant role in increasing the area of one leaf and Leaves of chlorophyll and carbohydrates.
Effect of Nano and Mineral NPK in Vegetative Growth Parameter of Pear Saplings
Authors: Al-Karam Bara’a N. , Abood Moayad R. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An experiment during the two seasons 2019, 2020. The experiment conducted according to Split Plot Design by two factors; the first was addition Nano NPK with five levels (control, addition 7.5 g.plant-1, addition 15 g.plant-1, spray 1 g.L-1, spray 2 g.L-1). The second factor was four levels of Mineral NPK which were (control, 50 g.plant-1, 100 g.plant-1, 50 g.plant-1+1.5 g.L-1) respectively. N3 (spray 1 g.L-1 ) increased plant height, stem diameter first season, branch number second season, leaves area and leaves number in both seasons. Mineral NPK A2 (100 g.plant-1) treatment increased plant height, stem diameter second season. While A3 (50 g.plant-1+1.5 g.L-1) gave a significant stem diameter first season, increase second season in a leaves number and leaves area.
Impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Growth Performance of Carp Fish Exposed to CuSo4
Authors: Said Adeeb Faisal , Al-Taee Nidhal Tahseen Taha , Al-Taee Shahbaa Khalil Ebrahim 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Contaminants are one of the biggest determinants of fish farming, and Cuso4 is considered one of the most important factors of pollution on microorganisms. Probiotics are among the most important feed additives and have a major role in improving the condition of fish. Yeasts, especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are considered one of the best additives that have a role in reducing the effect of copper on fish. Therefore, our study was done in adding yeast to the diet to reduce the effect of Cuso4, and This experiment was conducted in the fish laboratory of the Department of Animal Resources / College of Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul, where fish were brought from Erbil Governorate / Tarjan hatchery in ideal transport conditions and the fish were acclimatized in Ponds outside the laboratory for a week, after which the fish were sterilized with salt, and then the fish were transferred to the laboratory and after randomly distributing them with a weight of 35+-2 with 7 fish for each pond by 12 ponds every 3 treated ponds. The first treatment included the second control, the third yeast Cuso4, the fourth yeast and cuso4 and continued The experiment lasted for 56 days, and after the end of the experiment, it was noted that the yeast had improved the weight and growth parameters in general, and the yeast had reduced the effect of Cuso4 by the fourth treatment.
Studying the Efficiency of Fermented Local Corn on Some Physiological and Immunological Characteristics of Broiler
Authors: Hamza Zahraa Ryadh , Hammod Ali J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe study was carried out in the poultry farm of the Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa to examine the efficiency of fermented local corn on some physiological and immunological characteristics of broiler. 300 of one day old broiler (Ross 308), unsex with initial weight of 39g were used. Chicks were raised for 35 days in closed house divided into pens with 3m2for each and distributed randomly on 5 treatments with three replicates for each treatment (60 chicks for each treatment and 20 for each replicate). Treatments were prepared as follows: T1 (imported corn), T2 (unfermented local corn), T3 (replacing fermented local corn instead of imported corn in a ratio of 50%), T4 (replacing fermented local corn instead of imported corn in a ratio of 75%) and T5 (replacing fermented local corn instead of imported corn in a ratio of 100%). Results showed that fermenting local corn bySaccharomyces cerevisiae(1g/kg corn for 24h) was improved the nutritional value of corn particularly crude protein and fat as well as decreasing B1 aflatoxin to very low level. There were non significant differences between Haematological blood characteristics (hemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell and white blood cell), biochemical characteristics (total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol and glucose) and immunological characteristics (antibody titers against Newcastle disease, antibody titers against avian infectious bronchitis, the relative weight of fabricius gland and the index of fabricius gland) in all Experimental treatments.
Effect of Adding Okra Powder and Vitamin C or E to the Diet on some Qualitative Characteristics and Oxidation Indices in the Eggs of Lohmann Brown-Lite Hens
Authors: Allaw Ahmed A. , Taha Ahmed T. , Saleh Zahraa M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The study employed 300 laying hens at 34 weeks of age, divided into 5 treatments with 3 replicates per replication of 20 birds each, to determine the impact of adding okra powder and vitamins C and E to (Brown-Lite Lohman) egg broiler diets on certain qualitative egg features and oxidation indicators. The treatments were: (T1): control treatment without any addition, (T2) 250 mg vitamin C / kg diet, (T3) 200 mg vitamin E / kg diet, (T4) 2 gm okra powder / kg diet, (T5) ) Add 4 gm of okra powder / kg diet. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in the relative weight of shell, white and yolk compared with the control treatment. And the shell thickness was much greater in the addition treatments than in the control. Compared to the control group, the addition treatments recorded a significant decrease in the value of the peroxide number and an increase in the concentration of estrogen in the egg, indicating that okra at 4 g / kg of feed contributed to the improvement in antioxidants in the egg.
Effect of Adding Curcuma Longa L. Powder on the Colostrum, Milk Production and its Composition and Growth of Newborns in Awassi ewes
Authors: Al-Khafaf Ahmed Abdulmohsen , El-Rawi Elham Abdulhmed , Abdullah Mohammed Najem 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this study, 18 pregnant Awassi ewes were used to study the effect of different levels of turmeric in productive performance, ewes were divided into three equal groups. The three groups were fed six weeks before birth until weaning on a basal diet with a protein content of 14.46 and energy of 2583 kcal/kg. First group fed without additive (control), while turmeric powder was added to feed intake of the second and third groups by 5 and 10 g / day / ewe respectively. The results indicated that the use of turmeric powder 5g/day /ewe led to a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the colostrum yield at the first day after lambing, actual milk production, percentage of protein and solids non-fat; and the body weights of lambs in weeks (8, 10 and 12). No significant differences were observed in the components of colostrum, and the ewes body weights.
The Influence of the Lambing Season on Awassi Sheep Milk Quality, Milk Productivity, and Biochemical Traits
Authors: Al-Hamdani Abdul Rhman B. , Al-Hamdani Khalid H. S. , Al-Farha Abd Al-Bar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The current study was carried out from October 15, 2021, to June 15, 2022, in the area of animal production at the Agricultural Technical College, Northern Technical University, Mosul, Iraq. 24 Awassi ewes between the ages of 2-3, were employed in the study and split into two groups. In the first group, 12 ewes had winter lambs in December–January and 12 ewes had spring lambs in March–April. This was required to determine how the season affected some productive and biochemical blood features. The milk yield and its components of Awassi sheep, and some biochemical characteristics, as well as the number of somatic cells in milk, the estrus of the ewes were standardized using vaginal sponges. The season had a noticeable effect on milk production, as ewes with spring births produced significantly more milk in the second, fourth, eighth, and tenth weeks after birth. In the eighth and tenth week of the experiment, non-fat solids were consumed. Except for the fourth week of the trial, the number of somatic cells in the milk of spring-born ewes increased significantly (P0.05) in all other weeks of the study. The proportions of fat, protein, and solid non-fat percentages increased significantly. In addition to an increase in the number of somatic cells increased significantly and the incidence of mastitis in the milk of ewes with spring births.