bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor microenvironment‐responsive delivery nanosystems reverse immunosuppression for enhanced CO gas/immunotherapy
Authors: Chen Beibei , Guo Kangli , Zhao Xiaoyi , Liu Zhiwen , Xu Chen , Zhao Nana , Xu Fu‐Jian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCarbon monoxide (CO) gas therapy demonstrates great potential to induce cancer cell apoptosis and antitumor immune responses, which exhibits tremendous potential in cancer treatment. However, the therapeutic efficacy of CO therapy is inhibited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, a facile strategy is proposed to construct hollow‐structured rough nanoplatforms to boost antitumor immunity and simultaneously reverse immunosuppression by exploring intrinsic immunomodulatory properties and morphological optimization of nanomaterials. The TME‐responsive delivery nanosystems (M‐RMH) are developed by encapsulating the CO prodrug within hollow rough MnO2 nanoparticles and the subsequent surface functionalization with hyaluronic acid (HA). Rough surfaces are designed to facilitate the intrinsic properties of HA‐functionalized MnO2 nanoparticles (RMH) to induce dendritic cell maturation and M1 macrophage polarization by STING pathway activation and hypoxia alleviation through enhanced cellular uptake. After TME‐responsive degradation of RMH, controlled release of CO is triggered at the tumor site for CO therapy to activate antitumor immunity. More importantly, RMH could modulate immunosuppressive TME by hypoxia alleviation. After the combination with aPD‐L1‐mediated checkpoint blockade therapy, robust antitumor immune responses are found to inhibit both primary and distant tumors. This work provides a facile strategy to construct superior delivery nanosystems for enhanced CO/immunotherapy through efficient activation of antitumor immune responses and reversal of immunosuppression.
Discovery and SAR Studies of Potent Modulators of BMI‐1 Expression
Authors: Baiazitov Ramil Y. , Sydorenko Nadiya , Du Wu , Ren Hongyu , Cao Liang , Davis Thomas , Cintron‐Lue Katherine , Kim Min‐Jung , Zhuo Jin , Mody Shreshtha , Weetall Marla , Sheedy Josephine , Risher Nicole , Almstead Neil , Moon Young‐Choon 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn our efforts to identify molecules that selectively reduce the expression of BMI1, a stem cell gene, we discovered and characterized the first‐in‐class series of small molecules that modulate the expression of BMI1 protein in cancer cells. Structure–activity and structure–property relationships associated with this series were investigated through medicinal chemistry efforts. These studies revealed important structural features required for achieving anti‐tumor activity and acceptable pharmacokinetic properties within this series. The 4‐CF3−Ph at the left‐side of the molecule, a proper placement of the N‐atom on the six‐membered heterocycle in the middle, combined with a properly substituted C(2)‐methyl benzimidazole on the right‐hand side were required to achieve potency, microsomal stability, and exposure upon oral dosing. A compound (PTC‐02) with acceptable pharmacological properties and efficacious in vivo in several tumor animal models was identified.
GAS5 silencing attenuates hypoxia‐induced cardiomyocytes injury by targeting miR‐21/PTEN
Authors: Wang Qianli , Xie Zan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionMyocardial hypoxia is an important factor causing myocardial infarction (MI). Interestingly, many unknown factors in the molecular mechanism of MI remain unclear. Our study explored the role of lncRNA growth arrest‐specific 5 (GAS5) in cell injury under hypoxia.MethodsAS5 expression was assessed in MI and human cardiomyocytes under hypoxia through RT‐qPCR assay. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, flow cytometry assay, and transwell assay was carried out for cell viability, cell apoptosis, cell migration, and invasion, respectively. The regulatory target of GAS5 was explored through a dual‐luciferase reporter assay.ResultsOur findings indicated that the upregulation of GAS5 was related to hypoxia. Downregulation of GAS5 expression could decrease hypoxia‐induced cell apoptosis and increase cell migration and invasion. Moreover, GAS 5 targeted miR‐21, which regulated the phosphatase and tension homology deleted on chromosome ten gene (PTEN) expression. Furthermore, the knockdown of miR‐21 eliminated the effect of GAS5 silencing on cell injury.ConclusionThese results indicated that lncRNA GAS5 silencing decreased cardiomyocyte injury by hypoxia‐induced through regulating miR‐21/PTEN.
Raman spectroscopy for postmortem interval estimation of human skeletal remains: A scoping review
Authors: Woess C. , Huck Christian W. , Badzoka J. , Kappacher C. , Arora R. , Lindtner R. A. , Zelger Philipp , Schirmer M. , Rabl W. , Pallua Johannes 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEstimating postmortem intervals (PMI) is crucial in forensic investigations, providing insights into criminal cases and determining the time of death. PMI estimation relies on expert experience and a combination of thanatological data and environmental factors but is prone to errors. The lack of reliable methods for assessing PMI in bones and soft tissues necessitates a better understanding of bone decomposition. Several research groups have shown promise in PMI estimation in skeletal remains but lack valid data for forensic cases. Current methods are costly, time‐consuming, and unreliable for PMIs over 5 years. Raman spectroscopy (RS) can potentially estimate PMI by studying chemical modifications in bones and teeth correlated with burial time. This review summarizes RS applications, highlighting its potential as an innovative, nondestructive, and fast technique for PMI estimation in forensic medicine.
Role of TaqMan array card in determining causative organisms of acute febrile illness in hospitalized patients
Authors: Ferdousi Tabassum , Dutta Asok Kumar , Chowdhury M. A. Hassan , Islam Kamrul , Islam Md. Taufiqul , Islam Md. Zahirul , Bulbul Md. Rakibul Hassan , Khan Ashraful Islam , Qadri Firdausi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundAcute febrile illness (AFI) is a prevalent disease in developing countries that is difficult to diagnose due to the diversity of infectious organisms and the poor quality of clinical diagnosis. TaqMan array card (TAC) can detect up to 35 AFI‐associated organisms in 1.5 h, addressing diagnostic demands. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of TAC in determining the causative organisms in hospitalized AFI patients.MethodsThe study had a cross‐sectional design and enrolled 120 admitted patients with persistent fever for three or more days from the medicine ward of Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH) and Bangladesh Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases Hospital (BITID). Blood samples were collected and then subjected to automated BacT/Alert blood culture, microbial culture, TAC assay, and typhoid/paratyphoid test.ResultsThe total number of study participants was 120, among them 48 (40%) samples showed a positive result in TAC card, 29 (24.16%) were TP positive and nine (7.51%) were culture positive. The number of organisms detected by the TAC card was 13 bacteria, three viruses, one protozoan, and one fungus. The sensitivity and specificity of the TAC assay for different bacterial pathogen compared to blood culture was 44.44%, and 90.99%, respectively. In contrast, the TP test had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 80%, respectively, compared to the blood culture test.ConclusionTAC can be a handful tool for detecting multiple organisms in AFI with high specificity which can facilitate early diagnosis of different pathogens contributing to AFI.
Effects of Triamterene in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure and Diuretic Resistance: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Taban‐Sadeghi Mohammadreza , Khani Elnaz , Khezripour Kimia , Enamzadeh Elgar , Safaei Naser , Entezari‐Maleki Taher 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDue to the potential benefits of triamterene in diuretic resistance, this study was performed to assess whether triamterene add‐on to the standard treatment of heart failure (HF)‐related diuretic resistance improves outcomes. A randomized clinical trial was performed on 45 hospitalized patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction who had diuretic resistance. Patients were randomized to receive either triamterene 50 mg plus hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg (n = 23) or hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg alone (n = 22) until hospital discharge. The primary outcomes were changes in weight and fluid input‐to‐output ratio. Secondary outcomes were respiratory rate, hospitalization duration, serum sodium and potassium, estimated glomerular filtration rate, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels during the study period. The mean (standard deviation) of weight changes was not significantly different in the intervention and the control groups (−6.3 [4.8] vs −4.8 [2.4] kg, respectively; P = .1). No significant differences were shown in input‐to‐output changes between the 2 groups (208.0 [243.4] in the intervention and 600.2 [250.3] in the control group; P = .4). Although the respiratory rate of triamterene‐treated patients decreased, the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = .2). Other secondary outcomes were also similar in both groups. This study did not support the use of triamterene as an add‐on therapy for patients with HF‐related diuretic resistance.
Relationship between elimination disorders and internalizing‐externalizing problems in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Aymerich Claudia , Pedruzo Borja , Pacho Malein , Herrero Jon , Laborda María , Bordenave Marta , Salazar de Pablo Gonzalo , Sesma Eva , Fernández‐Rivas Aranzazu , Catalan Ana , González‐Torres Miguel Ángel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundElimination disorders are highly prevalent in childhood and often associated with clinically relevant comorbid psychological disorders. The aim of this study is to determine if, and to what extent, children with elimination disorders show higher internalizing and externalizing problems than their healthy peers.MethodsA multistep literature search was performed from database inception until May 1st, 2022. PRISMA/MOOSE‐compliant systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42022303555) were used to identify studies reporting on internalizing and/or externalizing symptoms in children with an elimination disorder and a healthy control (HC) group. First, a systematic review was provided. Second, where data allowed for it, a quantitative meta‐analysis with random effects model was conducted to analyze the differences between the elimination disorder and the HC groups for internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Effect size was standardized mean difference. Meta‐regression analyses were conducted to examine the effect of sex, age, and study quality. Funnel plots were used to detect a publication bias. Where found, the trim and fill method was used to correct it.Results36 articles were included, 32 of them reporting on enuresis (n = 3244; mean age = 9.4; SD = 3.4; 43.84% female) and 7 of them on encopresis (n = 214; mean age = 8.6; SD = 2.3; 36.24% female). Children with an elimination disorder presented significantly lower self‐concept (ES:0.42; 95%CI [0.08; 9.76]; p = 0.017) and higher symptom scores for thought problems (ES:−0.26; 95%CI: −0.43;−0.09]; p = 0.003), externalizing symptoms (ES: −0.20; 95%CI [−0.37;−0.03]; p = 0.020), attention problems (ES:−0.37; 95%CI [−0.51;−0.22]; p = 0.0001), aggressive behavior (ES:−0.33; 95%CI [−0.62;−0.04]; p = 0.025) and social problems (ES:−0.39; 95%CI [−0.58;−0.21]; p = 0.0001). Significant publication biases were found across several of the studied domains. No significant effect of sex, age or quality of the study score was found.ConclusionsChildren with an elimination disorder may have significant internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as impaired self‐concept. It is recommendable to screen for them in children with enuresis or encopresis and provide appropriate interventions.
Assessment of dental ergonomics among dental students: A retrospective study
Authors: Sangalli Linda , Alabsy Melisa , Lingle Dana , Alessandri‐Bonetti Anna , Mitchell John C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionMusculoskeletal (MSK) disorders account for 11%–98% of occupational health issues for dental professionals, with an onset as early as in dental school. Dental ergonomics is among the risk factors; thus, a prompt assessment is crucial in preventing future MSK pain. The aim of this study was to retrospectively assess dental ergonomics of second‐year dental students after dedicated lectures were introduced in the predoctoral curriculum.MethodsThree cohorts of second‐year dental students were evaluated during preclinical activity in July 2019, January 2022, and December 2022 by an Occupational Therapy (OT) faculty and calibrated OT students. Dental ergonomics was assessed with the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). Dental student cohorts were compared with one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsThe average RULA final score of 409 participants was 5.1 ± 0.9, with no difference between the three cohorts (p = 0.676). The January 2022 cohort scored significantly lower in wrist–arm score than that of 2019 (p = 0.001) and December 2022 (p = 0.046). Neck and lower limb posture were significantly higher in January 2022 cohort than in 2019 (p = 0.001 and 0.013) and December 2022 (p = 0.001 and 0.005) cohorts. The December 2022 cohort revealed a medium, high and extremely high risk of developing MSK of 40.2%, 37.1%, and 21.6%, respectively, with no difference between sexes.ConclusionThe risk of developing MSK pain was medium–high in predoctoral dental students and was not related to sex. The overall dental ergonomics required attention and rapid change. Further implementation of varied forms of teaching and monitoring of dental ergonomics from the early years of education is recommended to prevent development of MSK pain at young age and foster better postural habits.
Time poverty and gender in urban sub‐Saharan Africa: Long working days and long commutes in Ghana's Greater Accra Metropolitan Area
Authors: Carmichael Fiona , Darko Christian K. , Daley Patricia , Duberley Joanne , Ercolani Marco , Schwanen Tim , Wheatley Daniel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study uses a mixed‐methods approach and primary data to consider how the length of the working day in Ghana's Greater Accra Metropolitan Area is shaped by time in paid and unpaid work and commuting. The analysis investigates gender differences in the length of the working day and the incidence of time poverty, and explores the relationship between long working days, long and arduous commutes and well‐being. Women are found to be more time poor, and their longer hours of unpaid household caregiving and chores and more difficult commutes have consequences for their leisure time, family–life and health.
Classical phenylketonuria presenting as maternal PKU syndrome in the offspring of an intellectually normal woman
Authors: Alghamdi Malak Ali , O'Donnell‐Luria Anne , Almontashiri Naif A. , AlAali Wajeih Y. , Ali Hebatallah H. , Levy Harvey L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism resulting from a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). If untreated by dietary restriction of phenylalanine intake, impaired postnatal cognitive development results from the neurotoxic effects of excessive phenylalanine (Phe). Signs and symptoms include severe intellectual disability and behavior problems with a high frequency of seizures and variable microcephaly. Maternal PKU syndrome refers to fetal damage resulting in congenital abnormalities when the mother has untreated PKU during pregnancy. Here, we report an intellectually normal 32‐year‐old female who presented with recurrent pregnancy loss and two neonatal deaths with congenital heart disease, microcephaly, intrauterine growth restriction, and respiratory distress. She was diagnosed with PKU through exome sequencing performed for carrier testing with a homozygous pathogenic variant in the PAH gene, c.169_171del, p.(Glu57del) that is associated with classical PKU. Consistent with the genetic finding, she had a markedly increased plasma phenylalanine concentration of 1642 μmol/L (normal <100). This case demonstrates that recurrent pregnancy loss due to untreated maternal PKU may present as an initial finding in otherwise unsuspected classical PKU and illustrates that extreme degrees of variable expressivity may occur in classical PKU. Moreover, this case illustrates the value of genomic sequencing of women who experience recurrent pregnancy loss or neonatal anomalies.
Health utilities and health‐related quality of life of patients with keratinocyte skin cancers
Authors: Gordon Louisa G. , Lindsay Daniel , Olsen Catherine M. , Whiteman David C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundHealth utilities and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) have not been adequately examined in patients with basal and squamous cell carcinomas (or keratinocyte skin cancers KCs) repeatedly treated for multiple skin cancers and who require ongoing medical surveillance.ObjectivesOur aim was to assess whether health utilities and HRQoL in an Australian population‐based sample of patients recently treated for multiple KCs were poorer compared to patients with single or no KCs.MethodsSelected from the QSkin Study, a cross‐sectional analysis of 680 patients was undertaken involving data linkage of survey and administrative claims data. Health utility was measured using the EuroQol‐5D 5‐level (EQ‐5D‐5L) while HRQoL was assessed using the Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinoma Quality of Life (BaSQoL) instrument. Scores were summarised by sociodemographic and skin cancer profiles and stratified by skin cancer group (i.e., naïve or zero, single, multiple KCs). Generalised linear models with Poisson family and log link functions were used for multivariate analyses.ResultsThe mean EQ‐5D‐5L score was slightly worse for people with multiple KCs (mean: 0.88, SD: 0.14) versus single KCs (mean: 0.90, SD: 0.16) versus none (mean: 0.91, SD: 0.11). Mean scores were not significantly different across skin cancer group after adjustment for number of comorbidities and self‐reported health. BaSQoL domain scores indicated having KCs had little impact on quality of life with mean total scores ranging from 0.27 for the ‘appearance’ domain to 1.15 for the ‘other people’ domain out of a maximum (worst) score of 3.ConclusionsEven among persons chronically afflicted with multiple KCs and ongoing surgical and nonsurgical treatments, health utility and HRQoL losses were minimal and similar to those people without KCs.
Sama Bajo Resilience in the Time of COVID
Authors: Wianti Nur Isiyana , McWilliam Andrew 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTSama Bajo fishing communities in Southeast Sulawesi maintain a strong cultural and economic orientation to diverse fishing‐based livelihoods and varied engagement with high value seafood market supply chains. The onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic within Indonesia in early 2020, and its viral spread across the archipelago over 2021, had dramatic and disruptive impacts on local economies and distribution networks that sustain livelihoods, market services and the distribution of food supplies. Despite these dislocations and the continuing threat of COVID infections for mostly unvaccinated regional populations, the following study of Sama Bajo communities highlights their remarkable resilience in the face of pressing vulnerabilities. The capacity to develop and implement a range of adaptive strategies reflects a long‐term accommodation to dynamic seasonal fluctuations, and the enduring value of diverse marine‐based livelihood options. In this paper we highlight some of the systemic impacts of the COVID pandemic and a variety of ways that Sama Bajo households have found to cope and even thrive under difficult conditions.
Identification of a xyloglucan beta‐xylopyranosyltransferase from Vaccinium corymbosum
Authors: Immelmann Ronja , Gawenda Niklas , Ramírez Vicente , Pauly Markus 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlant cell walls contain the hemicellulose xyloglucan, whose fine structure may vary depending on cell type, tissue, and/or plant species. Most but not all of the glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of xyloglucan sidechains have been identified. Here, we report the identification of several functional glycosyltransferases from blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum bluecrop). Among those transferases is a hitherto elusive Xyloglucan:Beta‐xylosylTransferase (XBT). Heterologous expression of VcXBT in the Arabidopsis thaliana double mutant mur3 xlt2, where xyloglucan consists only of an unsubstituted xylosylated glucan core structure, results in the production of the xylopyranose‐containing “U” sidechain as characterized by mass spectrometry, glycosidic linkage, and NMR analysis. The introduction of the additional xylopyranosyl residue rescues the dwarfed phenotype of the untransformed Arabidopsis mur3 xlt2 mutant to wild‐type height. Structural protein analysis using Alphafold of this and other related xyloglucan glycosyltransferase family 47 proteins not only identifies potential domains that might influence the regioselectivity of these enzymes but also gives hints to specific amino acids that might determine the donor‐substrate specificity of these glycosyltransferases.
Insights into the relation between vertical cloud structure and dynamics of three polar lows: Observations from COMBLE
Authors: Lackner Christian P. , Geerts Bart , Wang Yonggang , Juliano Timothy W. , Xue Lulin , Kosović Branko , Turner David D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe vertical structure of three polar lows is described using profiling radar, lidar, and passive remote sensors deployed at a coastal site in northern Norway. The data were collected as part of the Cold‐air Outbreaks in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (COMBLE). These data are examined in the context of satellite imagery, operational weather radar reflectivity imagery, and output from the AROME Arctic model. A comparison to satellite images shows that AROME‐Arctic captured the polar lows well. All three polar lows form in marine cold‐air outbreaks and are surrounded by open‐cellular convection typical of such outbreaks. Two of the lows form in a forward shear environment and one under reverse shear. Initially, the three polar lows are comma shaped; two of them transition to be more spiraliform at their mature stage and have mostly cloud‐free warm cores. The warm cores are the result of a warm‐seclusion process. All three lows have stratiform precipitation bands, marked by little cloud liquid water, and rather high surface precipitation rate. The vertical drafts and turbulence in these stratiform clouds are generally weak. All three lows also have convective clouds, which have stronger vertical drafts, stronger turbulence, and pockets of high liquid water content.