bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and density of Elaphostrongylus rangiferi larvae in faecal samples of semi-domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Norway 2013-16
Authors: Josefsen Terje Domaas , Mørk Torill , Nymo Ingebjørg Helena , Romano Javier Sanchez , Tryland Morten 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The reindeer brainworm, Elaphostrongylus rangiferi, is a protostrongylid parasite of reindeer that has caused severe disease outbreaks in reindeer husbandry. E. rangiferi is considered ubiquitous in Norway, though most published prevalence studies are from Finnmark county only. In the present study, faecal samples were collected over three winter seasons (2013–2016) from eight herds of semi-domesticated Eurasian tundra reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) distributed all over the reindeer herding area in Norway. Baermann’s technique was used to identify E. rangiferi larvae. The density of larvae was measured by counting and calculating number of larvae per gram faeces (LPG) in positive samples.

Results

E. rangiferi larvae were found in 109 of 355 faecal samples (31%). All herds had positive samples at all sampling sessions. Prevalence in adults (> 1.5 years, n = 176) was 43% with significant difference between herds, varying from 25 to 78%. Prevalence in calves (< 1 year, n = 179) was 18%, and varied with sample month, being 10% in Oct-Jan (n = 153) and 69% in Mar-May (n = 26). Prevalence did not show statistically significant difference between males and females. LPG showed a highly skewed distribution, total median LPG being 38, range 2-700. Calves in Mar-May had significantly (P = 0.01) higher number of LPG (median 104) than calves in Oct-Jan (median 14) and adults (median 32). LPG did not differ significantly between males and females nor between herds, but there was a significant moderate positive correlation between herd prevalence and LPG (Spearman rho = 0.35, P < 0.01). Samples from individually marked adult reindeer with known age (n = 81) showed no significant difference in prevalence between young (2–5 years) and old (6–15 years) reindeer. LPG tended to be slightly reduced with age, but the reduction was not statistically significant (P = 0.07). Systematic yearly treatment with ivermectin was done in four herds, but any effect on E. rangiferi prevalence was not clear.

Conclusions
This study confirms that E. rangiferi was ubiquitously present in all parts of the reindeer herding area in Norway during the study period. Differences in prevalence between herds were significant, and LPG in herds increased with increasing herd prevalence.
Distribution and functional significance of KLF15 in mouse cerebellum
Authors: Li Dan , Cao Shuijing , Chen Yanrong , Liu Yueyan , Huo Kugeng , Shi Zhuangqi , Han Shuxin , Wang Liecheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Kruppel-like factor 15 (KLF15), a member of the KLF family, is closely involved in many biological processes. However, the mechanism by which KLF15 regulates neural development is still unclear. Considering the complexity and importance of neural network development, in this study, we investigated the potent regulatory role of KLF15 in neural network development. KLF15 was detected highly expressed in the cerebellum and enriched in Purkinje cells, with a significant increase in KLF15 expression between 15 and 20 days of neural development. Knockdown of KLF15 led to loss of Purkinje cells and impaired motility in mice. Therefore, our study aims to elucidate the relationship between KLF15 and Purkinje cells in mice, may provide a new research idea for the developmental mechanism of the mouse cerebellum.
An unveiling case of Nocardia pansinusitis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a case report
Authors: Najafizadeh Maedeh , Kourkinejad Gharaei Fatemeh , Manouchehri Ardekani Reza , Rafiyan Mahdi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background

Nocardia infections are rare infections in immunocompetent patients and occur mostly in immunocompromised individuals. Usually, nocardia affects skin, brain, and lungs, but in disseminated forms, which occurred mostly in immunocompromised patients, it can involve every organ. Nocardia sinusitis is extremely rare as our searches returned only a very few related studies.

Case presentation
In this case report, we present, for the first time, a 55-year-old Iranian male patient diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who was receiving chemotherapeutic drugs and developed a fever. Further laboratory tests and imaging revealed pansinusitis. Following rhinoendoscopy, the sinus mucosal biopsy pathology report showed sever inflammation accompanied by aggregation of filamentous thin-walled bacteria. The patient was treated with co-trimoxazole and meropenem. Following good clinical improvement the patient was discharged and advised to continue oral co-trimoxazole for 3 months.

Conclusion
This case highlights that patients with febrile neutropenia should be assessed for rare infectious disease etiologies, especially those with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, as they have humeral immunodeficiency, and in the later stages of the disease, cellular immunodeficiency may also be involved. Therefore, a multisystem evaluation of patients with febrile neutropenia is necessary, particulary when no obvious source is identified in initial surveys, to uncover rare etiologies.
Rapid fabrication and dissolution of pressed 58Ni/Mg matrix targets for 55Co production
Authors: Siikanen Jonathan , Milton Stefan , Bratteby Klas , Lin Wilson , Engle Jonathan W. , Jussing Emma , Tran Thuy A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Beyond the use of conventional short-lived PET radionuclides, there is a growing interest in tracking larger biomolecules and exploring radiotheranostic applications. One promising option for imaging medium-sized molecules and peptides is ⁵⁵Co (T₁/₂ = 17.5 h, β⁺ = 76%), which enables imaging of new and already established tracers with blood circulation of several hours. Additionally, ⁵⁵Co can be paired with the Auger-Meitner emitter 58mCo (T₁/₂ = 9 h, 100% IC) for radiotheranostic applications. Here we report on 55Co production via the 58Ni(p,α)55Co reaction channel using pressed 58Ni and Mg matrix targets.

Results
This set up is capable to produce and isolate 240 ± 20 MBq [55Co]Co+ 2 (80% RCY) with 4 ml 0.25 M HEPES at 35 min post End Of Bombardment for 3 h, 25 µA protons irradiation. The RNP of the eluate is 99.98 ± 0.014% as measured 2 h & 17 h post EOB. AMA was determined to 1.5 ± 0.5 GBq/µmol [55Co]Co-DOTA at EOB. Mg dissolves rapidly in the acid mixture, leaving behind a porous, sponge-like Ni matrix increasing the surface area of the Ni and therefore accelerating the dissolution.

Conclusion
We present a novel, simple, and rapid method to produce ⁵⁵Co with pressed ⁵⁸Ni/Mg matrix targets enabling faster target fabrication and dissolution. By using a simple hydraulic press, mechanically stable target coins useful for solid target irradiation are fabricated within 5 min and can be dissolved in 10 min at room temperature. The foils remain intact after irradiation and can endure irradiation conditions providing sufficient activity (> 200 MBq) for clinical doses. The method presented here using Mg as a support metal for fixation of the actual target material into target coins is applicable for other target combinations as well. Using Mg as a support metal is suitable due to its thermal conductivity, low activation, minimal impact on purification chemistry, softness, ductility, and rapid dissolution in acid.
The difficult diagnosis of floor of the mouth masses: a case report
Authors: De Ferm Alexe , Van Boven Bart , Cornelis Maaike , Jacobs Rafael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Lymphatic malformations can present as a floor of the mouth mass, they are rare vascular lesions, presenting most frequently in the head and neck region and mostly presenting at birth or before 2 years of age. Clinical and diagnostic findings can make the differential diagnosis with other floor of the mouth masses, such as ranulas, difficult.

Case presentation
We present a case of a 7-year-old girl with a sudden swelling in the floor of the mouth without infectious characteristics. Clinically and after imaging, the swelling was most compatible with a ranula. After sublingual sialadenectomy, recurrence of the swelling occurred. Multiple evacuating punctures were needed for symptomatic relief. Given the clinical evolution and new imaging, diagnosis of a lymphatic malformation became more likely. Sclerotherapy was performed with size stabilization.

Conclusion
Floor of the mouth masses comprise a group of different pathologies with different presentations, diagnostic findings and treatment. Differential diagnosis can be challenging. This case report presents an overview of the presentation and management of floor of the mouth masses, focused on lymphatic malformations, with characteristics distinguishing them from other pathologies such as ranulas.
Future Directions in the Management of Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Authors: Sarafoglou Kyriakie , Auchus Richard J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Context
The traditional management of classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) is difficult and often suboptimal.

Objective
To review improvements in the diagnosis and management of 21OHD.

Design
Literature review, synthesis, and authors’ experience.

Setting
United States (2 centers).

Participants
Not applicable.

Interventions
Not applicable.

Main Outcomes
Not applicable.

Results
The 11-oxygenated androgens are abundant in 21OHD, and their measurement might improve diagnosis and medication titration. Several new treatments are under development.

Conclusion
Circadian delivery of hydrocortisone improves disease management of 21OHD compared to conventional glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoid-sparing therapies such as crinecerfont and atumelnant offer the potential for a block-and-replace strategy, with physiologic replacement dosing of hydrocortisone.

Clinical Trial Registration
None.
Approach to the Patient: Diagnostic Challenges in the Workup for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Joham Anju E , Tay Chau Thien , Laven Joop , Louwers Yvonne V , Azziz Ricardo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 10% to 13% of women globally. It is a condition with metabolic, reproductive, and psychological features, with health impacts across the lifespan. The etiology of PCOS is complex, with an interplay of several factors, including genetic and epigenetic susceptibility, androgen exposure in early life and adiposity-related dysfunction leading to hypothalamic-ovarian disturbance. Diagnosis is recommended based on the International PCOS Guideline criteria, with diagnosis confirmed in adults when 2 of out the following 3 criteria are met: (i) hyperandrogenism (clinical or biochemical); (ii) irregular cycles; and (iii) polycystic ovary morphology or elevated anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels. With its clinical heterogeneity, distinct phenotypes, variation across the lifespan and ethnic variation, PCOS diagnosis can present significant diagnostic challenges to clinicians.
Does it take the joints to stretch a mind? The ADHD and General Joint Hypermobility connection
Authors: Kacperczyk Julia , Czyż Witold , Wójcikiewicz Michalina , Arczewski Filip , Dziedzic Karol , Kulbacka Julia , Wojszczyk Maciej , Zys Damian , Pasek Piotr , Ryniecka Julia 
Published: January 2025

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, or both, which negatively affect the quality of life for children and adults worldwide. ADHD is known to cause significant psychosocial distress, including academic failure, divorce, unemployment, and incarceration, and increases the risk of developing psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, and substance abuse.
While its cognitive and psychological impacts are yet well-documented, the implications of ADHD for physical health have only recently begun to receive increasing attention. Some of the known non-psychiatric health challenges associated with ADHD include obesity, autonomic dysregulation, musculoskeletal symptoms and joint hypermobility.
This paper investigates recently discovered links between ADHD and symptoms of joint hypermobility, and focuses on the prevalence of generalized joint hypermobility, as well as ADHD comorbidity in connective tissue-related conditions, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and hypermobility spectrum disorder.
Sampling-Based Approximation for Series Inventory Systems
Authors: Zhang Kairen , Gao Xiangyu , Wang Zhanyue , Zhou Sean X. 
Published: January 2025

We study inventory management of an infinite-horizon, series system with multiple stages. Each stage orders from its immediate upstream stage, and the most upstream stage orders from an external supplier. Random demand with unknown distribution occurs at the most downstream stage. Each stage incurs inventory holding cost while the most downstream stage also incurs demand backlogging cost when it experiences inventory shortage. The objective is to minimize the expected total discounted cost over the planning horizon. We apply the sample average approximation (SAA) method to obtain a heuristic policy (SAA policy) using the empirical distribution function constructed from a demand sample (of the underlying demand distribution). We derive an upper bound of sample size (viz., distribution-free bound) that guarantees that the performance of the SAA policy be close (i.e., with arbitrarily small relative error) to the optimal policy under known demand distribution with high probability. This result is obtained by first deriving a separable and tight cost upper bound of the whole system that depends on (given) echelon base-stock levels and then showing that the cost difference between the SAA and optimal policies can be measured by the distance between the empirical and the underlying demand distribution functions. We also provide a lower bound of sample size that matches the upper bound (in the order of relative error). Furthermore, when the demand distribution is continuous and has an increasing failure rate (IFR), we derive a tighter sample size upper bound (viz., distribution-dependent bound). Both distribution-free and distribution-dependent bounds for the newsvendor problem, a special case of our series system, improve the previous results. In addition, we show that both bounds increase polynomially as the number of stages increases. The performance of SAA policy and the sample size bounds are illustrated numerically. Finally, we extend the results to finite-horizon series systems. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, operations management. Funding: K. Zhang is partially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China [Grants 71901200 and 72471220]. X. Gao is partially supported by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council General Research Fund [Grant CUHK-14506620]. Z. Wang is partially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China [Grant 72401146]. S. X. Zhou is partially supported by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council General Research Fund [Grant CUHK-14500921], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72394395], and the Asian Institute of Supply Chains and Logistics. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01876 .
Asymptotically Optimal Competitive Ratio for Online Allocation of Reusable Resources
Authors: Goyal Vineet , Iyengar Garud , Udwani Rajan 
Published: January 2025

Online Allocation of Reusable Resources: New Algorithms and Analytical Tools In the paper “Asymptotically Optimal Competitive Ratio for Online Allocation of Reusable Resources,” the authors develop novel algorithms and analysis techniques for online allocation of reusable resources. Their approach leads to an algorithm with the highest possible competitive ratio, a result that was previously out of reach with the algorithms and techniques that are used in classic settings in which resources are nonreusable. More generally, their LP-free analysis approach is useful for analyzing the performance of online algorithms for various other settings in which the standard primal-dual approach fails.
Public health editorials on the COVID-19 pandemic: Key positions, foci and agendas of Bangladeshi newspapers
Authors: Asaduzzaman Md 
Published: January 2025

This study analyses newspaper editorials (n = 146) on a specific public health issue, i.e., COVID-19, published in selected Bangladeshi Bengali and English dailies (n = 2). The researcher uses the content analysis method to explore key themes, foci, positions, suggestions and agendas in the editorials. Editorials published during March–June 2020, the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh, were chosen for analysis. The results show that the main themes and foci are the same, but secondary themes and foci differ. In addition, each newspaper has a different position, recommendation and agenda. The study found that several factors influence an editorial board’s decisions. These include editorial policy, the newspaper’s ideological stance, significant current events, societal context, the state system, government and political pressures, sociocultural issues and readers’ expectations. The theoretical framework for this research is grounded in agenda-setting theory, which posits that while the media may not control how the public thinks, it significantly shapes what the public thinks about by prioritizing specific issues. This study demonstrates how Bangladeshi newspapers used their editorials to set agendas during the pandemic, influencing public discourse and potentially shaping policy. The study’s outcomes address existing knowledge gaps and contribute to emerging discourses on crisis communication in the social sciences.
Risk Analysis of Ship Collision and Modelling of Oil Spill Trajectory Study Case : Dumai Port
Authors: Noor Fariz Maulana , Handani Dhimas Widhi , Muryadin Muryadin , Sari Dian Purnama , Wijaya Rio Dwi Sakti , Prasetyo Dimas Fajar , Setiyobudi Nanang , Putra Arfis Maydino Firmansyah , Malakani Arga Iman , Afandi Mohamad Imam 
Published: January 2025

Dumai Port is an important natural port located in Sumatra, characterized by relatively deep waters that are sheltered from waves and have calm currents due to surrounding islands. The port plays a crucial role in the export of crude palm oil (CPO) and the operations of Pertamina's RU II, which are expected to increase, leading to a rise in ship traffic. Increasing maritime activity raises concerns about potential accidents, such as collisions, necessitating a thorough risk analysis to estimate the frequency of collisions and their possible consequences. To assess the frequency of ship collisions, the IWRAP (Integrated Waterway Risk Assessment Program) was employed, analyzing vessel traffic data over a year alongside the port's bathymetric data. The analysis revealed the total frequency of ship collisions is 0.589766 across various scenarios, including head-on, overtaking, crossing, bending, and merging. The frequency is considered acceptable, as it falls below the threshold of one collision per year. Furthermore, oil spill trajectory modelling was conducted using two types of oil and two wave heights. In the 2000 m³ oil spill modelling at a height of 0.5 m, the crude oil model showed 68.4% still floating, while the product oil model had 41.7% floating. In the 1.5 m modelling, the crude oil model had 29% floating, and the product oil model had 16.2% floating. Notably, significant oil loss in the 1.5 m model occurred due to evaporation and natural dispersion. The results of the oil spill trajectory modelling provide valuable insights for enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of oil spill response strategies.
Von Forschenden oft unterschätzt: Erfolgreicher forschen mit Informationskompetenz
Authors: Renn Oliver 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag hinterfragt die Notwendigkeit von Informationskompetenz, da der berufliche und akademische Erfolg oft ohne effiziente Informationsnutzung erzielt wird. Dennoch wird betont, dass Informationskompetenz zu einer effektiveren Arbeit führen kann, indem das richtige Werkzeug für die jeweilige Aufgabe genutzt wird. Der Text beleuchtet den Begriff der Informationskompetenz, beschreibt ihre Bedeutung für Forschende und die Rolle wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken bei der Vermittlung. Es wird argumentiert, dass Bibliotheken sich an neue Informationsquellen und Technologien anpassen müssen, um Forschende zu unterstützen. Praxisbeispiele, wie die Arbeit an der ETH Zürich, illustrieren erfolgreiche Ansätze zur Förderung von Informationskompetenz.
Die Zusammenfassung wurde von ChatGPT4o erstellt. Dieser Beitrag ist eine erweiterte Version der Keynote „Von Forschenden oft unterschätzt: Erfolgreicher Forschen mit Informationskompetenz“, gehalten am 28.8.2024 beim 4. Informationskompetenztag DACH in Zürich.
Natural gas origin and accumulation of the Changxing–Feixianguan Formation in the Puguang area, China
Authors: Li Songfeng , Liu Xiaoxia , Zhang Peixin , Zhao Yinan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Investigating the origin and accumulation of natural gas is crucial for investigating fields of gas and oil. This study can provide effective guidance for future strategic decisions. In this study, the Changxing–Feixianguan Formation gas reservoir in the Puguang area was employed as a case study. The gas source strata were evaluated through analysis of the geochemical characteristics of natural gas. The period of accumulation and reservoir type were identified by examining the inclusion and burial history characteristics. The results revealed that (1) the Changxing–Feixianguan Formation was a high-sulfur gas reservoir, primarily characterized by oil-type gas. Influenced by thermal sulfate reduction, it exhibited partial characteristics of a mixed gas; (2) the natural gas of the Changxing–Feixianguan Formation demonstrated a favorable biogenic relationship with the carbon isotope characteristics of the Longtan Formation and Maokou Formation kerogen, and its primary gas source was Permian source rock; and (3) the Changxing–Feixianguan Formation gas reservoir experienced three oil and gas charging events, namely, the Middle Triassic, Late Jurassic, and Late Cretaceous. Natural gas was primarily extracted from ancient reservoirs and has evolved into light oil, condensate gas, wet gas, and dry gas. These findings serve as a foundation for investigating the accumulation of natural gas within the Changxing–Feixianguan Formation in the Puguang area. In future natural gas exploration efforts, it is recommended to concentrate on identifying paleostructures that may have formed ancient oil reservoirs to enhance the precision of natural gas exploration.