bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strength and suction development of cemented paste backfill with ternary cement blends
Authors: Sagade Aparna , Fall Mamadou , Al-Moselly Zubaida 
Published: September 2023

In this paper, the effect of ternary binder containing Portland cement type I (PCI), slag, and limestone (LS) powder in varying proportions on the suction development and the mechanical strength of cemented paste backfill (CPB) was investigated. Mechanical tests, microstructural analyses (thermo-gravimetry analysis (TG/DTG) and mercury intrusion porosimetry), and monitoring (suction, electrical conductivity, and temperature) experiments were conducted on CPB. In the first part of this study, binary binders with two different PCI:slag proportions, 50:50 and 80:20, were examined with no LS, followed by the slag replacement with increasing weight percentages of LS from 0% to 20% by weight of the total binder, with constant cement content. The results indicate that the slow slag hydration kinetics decreased the suction and strength gain rate at a young age in the binary sample with high slag content (50 wt.%); however, its latent hydraulic and pozzolanic properties enhanced the strength gain at a later age, from 28 days. The addition of 5 wt.% and 10 wt.% LS to the ternary binder system improved the early age strength of CPB up to 7 days and 1 day, respectively, compared with the binary control samples, i.e., CPB with slag and without LS. While the addition of up to 10% LS to the ternary binder improved the rate of suction development and increased suction at early ages, beyond 10%, the addition of LS slightly decreased mechanical performance at all ages. Overall, the results obtained reveal that up to 50 wt.% slag with up to 10 wt.% LS with cement could be used as a ternary binder to improve the early age strength and suction development rate of CPB studied without significant loss in compressive strength at advanced ages. The results of this research could be of great benefit to the mining industry through the use of a ternary binder to replace cement, which could improve the overall performance of the CPB system, facilitate a more sustainable CPB design, and improve tailings management practices and overall economics.
Decreased calcification to photosynthesis ratio in coccolithophores under reduced O2 and elevated CO2 environment
Authors: Tong Shanying , Xu Dong , Qiao Hongjin , Ye Naihao 
Published: September 2023

We examined the physiological performance in the most cosmopolitan coccolithophorid, Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica, which were treated with 8.3 (ambient O2 (AO)), 4.6 (medium O2 (MO)), and 2.5 (low O2 (LO)) mg L–1 O2 under 400 ppm (ambient CO2 (AC)) and 1000 (high CO2 (HC)) ppm CO2 conditions. Elevated CO2 decreased the specific growth rate of cells cultured under AO and LO conditions in both species, but it increased the rate in the MO-grown E. huxleyi. Regardless of the CO2 levels, diminished O2 concentration inhibited the growth rate in E. huxleyi while accelerating the rate in G. oceanica. LO reduced the particulate organic carbon (POC) production rate compared to the AO treatment in both species. Additionally, the decrease was higher in the HC cultures than in the AC ones. LO also inhibited the production rate of particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) compared to the AO/AC treatment. Due to a higher reduction in the production rate of PIC than POC, the PIC/POC ratio was decreased in the LO treatment compared to the AO/AC treatment. The current study reveals that low O2 can, individually or in combination with high CO2, considerably affect the physiology of marine photoautotrophic organisms.
Using word embeddings to analyse audience effects and individual differences in parenting Subreddits
Authors: Sepahpour-Fard Melody , Quayle Michael , Schuld Maria , Yasseri Taha 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper explores how individuals’ language use in gender-specific groups (“mothers” and “fathers”) compares to their interactions when referred to as “parents.” Language adaptation based on the audience is well-documented, yet large-scale studies of naturally-occurring audience effects are rare. To address this, we investigate audience and gender effects in the context of parenting, where gender plays a significant role. We focus on interactions within Reddit, particularly in the parenting Subreddits r/Daddit, r/Mommit, and r/Parenting, which cater to distinct audiences. By analyzing user posts using word embeddings, we measure similarities between user-tokens and word-tokens, also considering differences among high and low self-monitors. Results reveal that in mixed-gender contexts, mothers and fathers exhibit similar behavior in discussing a wide range of topics, while fathers emphasize more on educational and family advice. Single-gender Subreddits see more focused discussions. Mothers in r/Mommit discuss medical care, sleep, potty training, and food, distinguishing themselves. In terms of individual differences, we found that, especially on r/Parenting, high self-monitors tend to conform more to the norms of the Subreddit by discussing more of the topics associated with the Subreddit.
Phase, Microstructure, and Tensile Strength of Al6351-Graphite-WC Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Ali Shahazad , Murtaza Qasim , Gupta Pallav 
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of Al6351-based hybrid metal matrix composites reinforced with Graphite (Gr) and Tungsten carbide (WC) (0.5–0.5, 1.0–1.0, 1.5–1.5, and 2.0–2.0 wt%). The liquid metallurgy (stir casting) route was used to prepare the hybrid composites, the microstructure and material performance were characterized by using SEM, X-ray diffraction, impact, hardness, and tensile testing. According to the findings, incorporating graphite and tungsten carbide into the composite led to enhancements in both microstructure and mechanical properties. The sample reinforced with 1 wt% Gr and 1 wt% TiC carbide demonstrated the highest tensile strength, and hardness. The highest recorded value of Engg. UTS and Rockwell hardness were 199.2 N mm−2 and 76 HRC, respectively. On the other hand, the composite that contained 0.5 wt% graphite and 0.5 wt% tungsten carbide exhibited the best toughness as 28 joules, among all the samples that were produced. The lowest density was observed with 2 wt% Gr and 2 wt% TiC reinforcement as 2.62 g cc−1. A uniform dispersion of reinforcement particles was observed. The findings of this study suggest potential applications of hybrid MMCs reinforced with graphite and tungsten carbide in the aerospace and automotive industries.
Dual-Protective Artificial Layer on Lithium Metal Anodes for Improved Electrochemical Performance – an in-Depth Morphological and Electrochemical Characterization
Authors: Bela Marlena Maria , Stan Marian Cristian , Winter Martin , Börner Markus 
Published: September 2023

The energy density of traditional lithium ion batteries (LIB) based on graphite intercalation compounds as negative active material is approaching the theoretical limit and are restricting the increasing demand of high energy battery systems for various mobile and stationary applications.[1] Consequently, the implementation of active materials with high specific energies became prerequisite for future battery technologies. Therein, lithium metal is one of the most promising anode active materials to replace state-of-the-art graphite active materials, due to its high theoretical capacity and low electrode potential.[2]However, poor cycling performance, low Coulombic efficiency, and the uncontrollable Li dendrite growth during lithium electrodeposition/dissolution processes remain as predominant challenges.[3]

Several approaches were proposed to eliminate dendrite formation by implementing a mechanically and electrochemically stable artificial solid electrolyte interphase or artificial protective coatings (aPC) by in-situ or ex-situ surface modifications.[4] These designed aPCs should feature an increased and uniform Li-ion flux, mechanical robustness and/or protection against electrolyte decomposition, during substantial volume changes upon electrodeposition/dissolution. However, aPCs fail to support long term cycling stability in lithium metal batteries since they cannot cover all requirements.[5] Therefore, it is crucial to design and understand dual- and multilayer system that address multiple aforementioned requisites.[6]

In this contribution, a dual-protective artificial layer is constructed on Li metal by physical vapor deposition consisting of an intermetallic LiZn-layer, providing a uniform Li-ion flux, and an inorganic Li3N-layer, which is electron-blocking, thus reveal surface protective properties. In addition to electrochemical characterization, the Li electrodeposition/dissolution behavior was investigated by cryo-FIB/SEM analysis to unravel the mechanism behind the enhanced cycling stability in symmetrical Li||Li cells and cells with a layered oxide-based positive electrode.
[1] R. Schmuch, R. Wagner, G. Hörpel, T. Placke, M. Winter, Nature Energy
2018, 3, 267.
[2] J. Liu, Z. Bao, Y. Cui, E. J. Dufek, J. B. Goodenough, P. Khalifah, Q. Li, B. Y. Liaw, P. Liu, A. Manthiram, Y. S. Meng, V. R. Subramanian, M. F. Toney, V. V. Viswanathan, M. S. Whittingham, J. Xiao, W. Xu, J. Yang, X.-Q. Yang, J.-G. Zhang, Nature Energy
2019, 4, 180.
[3] T. Placke, R. Kloepsch, S. Dühnen, M. Winter, Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry
2017, 21, 1939.
[4] N. Delaporte, Y. Wang, K. Zaghib, Frontiers in Materials
2019, 6.
[5] D. Lin, Y. Liu, Y. Cui, Nature Nanotechnology
2017, 12, 194.
[6] S. Lee, K.-s. Lee, S. Kim, K. Yoon, S. Han, M. H. Lee, Y. Ko, J. H. Noh, W. Kim, K. Kang, Science Advances
2022, 8, 1.
Numerical Study on the Influence of Variable Section-Enhanced Mass Transfer Flow Field Design on PEMFC Performance Based on Underrib Convection Flow
Authors: Zhao Fuqiang , Zhao Yue , Zhao Xiaojun , Jia Yankui , Huang Qingxue , Zhang Caizhi , Ma Chunhong 
Published: September 2023

The optimal design of variable section is a flow field optimization method that changes the pressure of the reacting gas in the flow channel by setting up a contraction surface in the flow channel, which is effective in improving many aspects of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance. However, there are also problems such as uneven oxygen distribution in some of the flow channels, and the current density and net output power are not significantly improved. To find a balance among gas transfer efficiency, drainage capacity, uniformity of current density distribution, and output performance, this paper investigates the design of a variable cross-section-enhanced mass transfer flow field for PEMFC flow channel contraction by establishing a three-dimensional numerical model, starting from the sidewall width direction and the bottom height direction of the flow channel cross-section dimensions, in order to assess the effects of variable cross-section contraction at the bottom and sidewalls of the flow channel on the cell performance. The polarization curves, mass transfer capacity, current density distribution, and net output power of the variable cross-section contraction flow field are analyzed and compared with the straight flow field. On this basis, the optimum size parameters and operating parameter combinations are determined. Variable cross-sectional contraction flow field improves PEMFC output performance. The contraction of the variable cross-section contraction flow field at the sidewalls effectively improves reactive gas transfer efficiency and drainage capacity, improves current density distribution, and increases the net output power of the PEMFC. In particular, the sidewall contraction flow field has a 9.0% increase in power density, a 6.45% increase in the effective mass transfer coefficient (EMTC), a 6.52% increase in uniformity of current density distribution, and a 6.05% net power increment compared to the straight flow field, respectively. The best output performance, the highest oxygen concentration, and the lowest water concentration are achieved with a combination of parameters: number of sidewall contractions

N
=
6

, length

L

f

=
6

mm

, and width

W

f

=
1.2

mm

. And a wide range of air stoichiometry ratios are applied when the contraction of the variable cross-section contraction flow field is located at the sidewalls. Increasing the cathode stoichiometry ratio from 10 to 50 increased the cell power density by 25.5% and from 50 to 90 increased the cell power density by 9.5%. The simulation results can provide theoretical basis for the application of variable section flow field design for practical PEMFC.
Formate Supplementation Enhances Antitumor CD8+ T-cell Fitness and Efficacy of PD-1 Blockade
Authors: Rowe Jared H. , Elia Ilaria , Shahid Osmaan , Gaudiano Emily F. , Sifnugel Natalia E. , Johnson Sheila , Reynolds Amy G. , Fung Megan E. , Joshi Shakchhi , LaFleur Martin W. , Park Joon Seok , Pauken Kristen E. , Rabinowitz Joshua D. , Freeman Gordon J. , Haigis Marcia C. , Sharpe Arlene H. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The tumor microenvironment (TME) restricts antitumor CD8+ T-cell function and immunotherapy responses. Cancer cells compromise the metabolic fitness of CD8+ T cells within the TME, but the mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that one-carbon (1C) metabolism is enhanced in T cells in an antigen-specific manner. Therapeutic supplementation of 1C metabolism using formate enhances CD8+ T-cell fitness and antitumor efficacy of PD-1 blockade in B16-OVA tumors. Formate supplementation drives transcriptional alterations in CD8+ T-cell metabolism and increases gene signatures for cellular proliferation and activation. Combined formate and anti–PD-1 therapy increases tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, which are essential for enhanced tumor control. Our data demonstrate that formate provides metabolic support to CD8+ T cells reinvigorated by anti–PD-1 to overcome a metabolic vulnerability in 1C metabolism in the TME to further improve T-cell function.

Significance:
This study identifies that deficiencies in 1C metabolism limit the efficacy of PD-1 blockade in B16-OVA tumors. Supplementing 1C metabolism with formate during anti–PD-1 therapy enhances CD8+ T-cell fitness in the TME and CD8+ T-cell–mediated tumor clearance. These findings demonstrate that formate supplementation can enhance exhausted CD8+ T-cell function.
See related commentary by Lin et al., p. 2507.
This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 2489
AACR Cancer Centers Alliance: Fostering Collaboration and Innovation to Advance Lifesaving Scientific Discoveries for Patients
Authors: Arteaga Carlos L. , Cleveland John L. , Foti Margaret , Mesa Ruben A. , Weiner Louis M. , Willman Cheryl L. , Tuveson David A. 
Published: September 2023

Summary:
Basic and clinical cancer research discoveries stemming from the nation's cancer centers have markedly improved outcomes for many cancer patients. Despite this forward momentum in our progress against this complex disease, cancer in all its forms remains a major public health challenge that touches the lives of nearly every American, either directly or indirectly. The newly formed AACR Cancer Centers Alliance will accelerate the pace of discovery by providing an ongoing mechanism for transferring new knowledge, sharing resources, developing national demonstration projects, and driving innovation that impacts cancer science, cancer care delivery, and science and health policy.
Piperacetazine Directly Binds to the PAX3::FOXO1 Fusion Protein and Inhibits Its Transcriptional Activity
Authors: Nakazawa Kay , Shaw Taryn , Song Young K. , Kouassi-Brou Marilyn , Molotkova Anna , Tiwari Purushottam B. , Chou Hsien-Chao , Wen Xinyu , Wei Jun S. , Deniz Emre , Toretsky Jeffrey A. , Keller Charles , Barr Frederic G. , Khan Javed , Üren Aykut 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The tumor-specific chromosomal translocation product, PAX3::FOXO1, is an aberrant fusion protein that plays a key role for oncogenesis in the alveolar subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). PAX3::FOXO1 represents a validated molecular target for alveolar RMS and successful inhibition of its oncogenic activity is likely to have significant clinical applications. Even though several PAX3::FOXO1 function-based screening studies have been successfully completed, a directly binding small-molecule inhibitor of PAX3::FOXO1 has not been reported. Therefore, we screened small-molecule libraries to identify compounds that were capable of directly binding to PAX3::FOXO1 protein using surface plasmon resonance technology. Compounds that directly bound to PAX3::FOXO1 were further evaluated in secondary transcriptional activation assays. We discovered that piperacetazine can directly bind to PAX3::FOXO1 protein and inhibit fusion protein-derived transcription in multiple alveolar RMS cell lines. Piperacetazine inhibited anchorage-independent growth of fusion-positive alveolar RMS cells but not embryonal RMS cells. On the basis of our findings, piperacetazine is a molecular scaffold upon which derivatives could be developed as specific inhibitors of PAX3::FOXO1. These novel inhibitors could potentially be evaluated in future clinical trials for recurrent or metastatic alveolar RMS as novel targeted therapy options.

Significance:
RMS is a malignant soft-tissue tumor mainly affecting the pediatric population. A subgroup of RMS with worse prognosis harbors a unique chromosomal translocation creating an oncogenic fusion protein, PAX3::FOXO1. We identified piperacetazine as a direct inhibitor of PAX3::FOXO1, which may provide a scaffold for designing RMS-specific targeted therapy.
Correlation between APOE4 gene and gut microbiota in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Chen X.-X. , Zeng M.-X. , Cai D. , Zhou H.-H. , Wang Y.-J. , Liu Z. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis has been increasingly associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the association between APOE4, the most common genetic risk factor for sporadic AD, and GM in AD remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the GM of participants from China and the USA, with and without APOE4 genes and with or without AD (67 AD cases, 67 control cases). Our results revealed that the GM alpha diversity was not different between groups (AD_APOE4, Control_APOE4, AD_non-APOE4, and Control_non-APOE4) (419.031 ± 143.631 vs 391.091 ± 126.081, 351.086 ± 169.174 and 386.089 ± 177.200, respectively. ). Interestingly, individuals in the AD_APOE4 group had different bacterial compositions and bacterial biomarkers. The Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test indicated that the abundances of many bacterial species in the AD_APOE4 patients differed from those in control individuals, including decreases in unclassified_g__Escherichia-Shigella (1.763 ± 6.73, 4.429 ± 11.13, 8.245 ± 16.55, and 5.69 ± 13.91 in four groups, respectively; ), and unclassified_g_Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 (0.1519 ± 0.348, 2.502 ± 5.913, 0.5146 ± 0.9487, 1.063 ± 3.428 in four groups, respectively; ), and increases in gut_metagenome_g_Faecalibacterium (2.885 ± 4.47, 2.174 ± 3.957, 0.5765 ± 1.784, 1.582 ± 2.92 in four groups, respectively. ) and unclassified_g_Bacteroides (3.875 ± 3.738, 2.47 ± 2.748, 2.046 ± 3.674, 3.206 ± 3.446 in four groups, respectively; ). In the KEGG pathway level 2 analysis, we identified three significant differences in relative abundances of predicted functions between AD_APOE4 and AD_non-APOE4_carrier groups: neurodegenerative diseases (0.0007 ± 0.0005 vs 0.0009 ± 0.0004; P < 0.01), metabolism (0.0240 ± 0.0003 vs 0.0250 ± 0.0003; P < 0.05), and biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites (0.0094 ± 0.0002 vs 0.0090 ± 0.0002; P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curves further demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74 for the discrimination of AD_APOE4_carrier and AD_non-APOE4_carrier individuals.
Autologous Bone Marrow Stem Cells in Patients With Critical Limb Ischaemia not Eligible for Revascularization: A Single Centre Experience
Authors: Modugno Pietro , Cilla Savino , Centritto Enrico Maria , Picone Veronica , Maiorano Maurizio , Amatuzio Mariangela , Petrilli Maria Pia , Fraticelli Vincenzo , De Filippo Carlo Maria , Caradonna Eugenio , Codispoti Franco Alberto , Massetti Massimo , Tshomba Yamume 
Published: September 2023

We evaluated the use of autologus bone marrow stem cells transplantation in patients with critical limb ischaemia (CLI) not eligible for revascularization. Eighty consecutive patients candidate to amputation were enrolled in a single-centre retrospective study. The primary endpoint was defined as the amputation-free rate from stem cells transplantation. Secondary endpoints were the evaluation of transcutaneous oximetry and its predictive potential for probability of amputation and the evaluation of rest pain. Ankle brachial index, transcutaneous oxygen (TcpO2) and radiological imaging were performed at the enrolment and during the follow-up times. All patients were treated with auto transplant of bone marrow stem cells. Two patients died due to acute renal and acute respiratory failures. 19 patients were amputated from the thigh or leg. In total, 59 of 80 patients intended to thigh amputation saved the limb, preserving the plantar support. TcpO2 was found a predictive metric with an AUC equal to .763, and a threshold for a risk of amputation of 10% and 5% at the values ≤22.7 and ≤26.9 mmHg, respectively. Auto transplant of bone marrow stem cells seems to be a safe and an efficient option for CLI not eligible to revascularizzation.
Screening for Lung Cancer by Chest Computed Tomography During Thromboangiitis Obliterans
Authors: Sow Maïmouna , Saadoun David , Cacoub Patrice , Le Joncour Alexandre 
Published: September 2023

Buerger’s disease or thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) is a non-atherosclerotic inflammatory arteritis strongly associated with smoking exposure. This tobacco use would expose patients to lung cancer. The French-speaking thoracic cancer intergroup recommends screening for lung cancer with a chest computed tomography (CT). Our study aims to evaluate lung cancer screening using chest CT during TAO. Ninety-seven TAO patients were included. The mean age of onset of TAO symptoms was 36.5 ± 10 years, and 73 (75%) were male. The mean follow-up was 8.5 ± 14 years. Overall, at least one chest CT was performed during follow-up in 32 (33%) patients. Twenty-three of the thirty-four (68%) patients who were over 50 at follow-up did not have a CT. An abnormality was found in 15 of the 32 (47%) patients who had a CT: lung nodules 6/15, lung mass 1/15, emphysema 6/15, and others 2. Two cases of lung adenocarcinoma were diagnosed. None died during 2 years follow-up. In conclusion, two-third of the TAO patients over 50 years of age did not receive the routine screening recommended in the general smoking population. Two cases of lung cancer have been diagnosed. Improving screening practices for lung cancer in this high-risk population is crucial.