bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal diagnosis of microcephaly with simplified gyral pattern: series of eight cases
Authors: Cabet S. , Putoux A. , Lesca G. , Lesage A. , Massoud M. , Guibaud L. ,   Collaborators
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTMicrocephaly with simplified gyral pattern (MSG) is an intrinsic genetic central nervous system disorder, characterized by microcephaly (a reduction of brain volume) and a simplified gyral pattern (a reduced number of gyri and shallow sulci associated with normal cortical thickness and neuroanatomical architecture), related to a reduced number of neuronal progenitors in the germinal matrix. We report the first prenatal series of MSG and define the prenatal imaging pattern, which should inform diagnosis and guide prenatal counseling in cases of fetal microcephaly. In this single‐center retrospective study of fetuses with MSG, we assessed features on ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as genetic and neuropathological/postnatal data. We included eight patients who had been referred following observation of microcephaly. Ultrasound examination confirmed microcephaly, with a mean growth delay in head circumference of 3.4 weeks, associated with both a lack of gyration and a lack of opercularization of the Sylvian fissure and without any extracephalic anomaly. Fetal brain MRI confirmed lack of gyration with normal cortical thickness and normal intensity of the white matter in all cases. These MRI features led to exclusion of migration/corticogenesis disorders (lissencephaly/polymicrogyria), instead suggesting MSG. The posterior fossa was normal in seven of the eight cases. The corpus callosum was thin in four cases, hypoplastic in two and dysgenetic in two. In four cases, the pregnancy was terminated. The diagnosis of MSG was confirmed from neuropathological and postnatal MRI data. MSG was associated with a genetic diagnosis of RTTN (n = 1) and ASPM (n = 2) biallelic variants in three of the six cases in which genetic work‐up was performed. Mild or moderate intellectual deficit with speech delay was present in the three surviving children who were at least 5 years of age at their last examination, without seizures. In conclusion, in the presence of isolated fetal microcephaly with lack of gyration on ultrasound, fetal cerebral MRI is key to diagnosing MSG, which, in the majority of cases, affects the supratentorial space exclusively, and to ruling out other cortical malformations that show a similar sonographic pattern. In addition to imaging, genetic assessment may guide prenatal counseling, since the prenatal prognosis of MSG is different from that of both diffuse polymicrogyria and lissencephaly. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Education Policy and Education Practice Nexuses
Authors: Prøitz Tine S. , Aasen Petter , Wermke Wieland 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis introductory chapter addresses the complex interrelations between education policy and education practice developed under new ways of governance. It highlights education nexuses as a concept of its own right and discusses what constitutes the contemporary nexuses in education of today. Based on the cases of education nexuses presented in the volume the chapter summarizes four central characteristics of education nexuses and raise the issue of the need to re-consider how we study education policy and practice in the interface between structure and agency for the future developments in education.
Fragmentation Management from Policy to Practice. Special Educational Needs Teachers (SEN Teachers) in Mainstream Schools in Germany
Authors: Dietze Torsten , Wolf Lisa Marie , Moser Vera , Kuhl Jan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInclusive education is one of the most far-reaching reform projects in school policy since decades in Germany. In the perspective of educational governance the chapter examines how and by which stakeholders the job profile and role clarification of special educational needs teachers (SEN teachers) in primary schools in Germany is steered. The analysis is based on data from the project FOLIS, which used a mixed-methods design to interview school administration experts, school principals, and SEN teachers from 4 out of 16 federal states. The results show a “fragmentary form” of steering, which is in essence limited to measures of input control and largely excludes elements of output control. Within the single schools, several ways of negotiation on tasks and task distributions of the SEN teachers were found. The responsibility for daily inclusive education is shifted to the responsibility of each individual school, and within the individual school largely to the SEN teachers themselves. Written agreements to clarify the SEN teachers’ areas of responsibility are rarely used and SEN-teachers are pushed into the role of a “fragmentation-manager”. The results of the study show that inclusive education is a very fruitful field of research in the policy-practice nexus.
Initial Teacher Education Partnership: Bureaucracy, Policy, and Professional Agency
Authors: Adams Paul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInitial teacher education partnership as an example of ‘educational nexus’, often signals particular responses to normative questioning. Set within the ‘theory-practice’ nexus, partnership is positioned as the interleaving of various pedagogic/didactic D/discourses (Gee JP. Social linguistics and literacies. Ideology in Discourses. Routledge, 2012) to realise systemic development. Since the publication ofTeaching Scotland’s Future(Donaldson G, Teaching Scotland’s future. Report of a review of teacher education in Scotland, In Education (Issue December), 2010) Scottish initial teacher education has spent considerable time developing supportive local authority/higher education institution/school partnership arrangements. Problematically, inter-group practice has been privileged over shared theoretical debate. This chapter proposes a ‘spatial heuristic’ centring on the epistemological matters of ‘identifying’, ‘knowing’ and ‘doing’ teaching. It proposes agency ‘…in which the agent is clearly decentred, an approach in which the achievement of agency is not an achievement of the agent alone but of the agent-in-interaction-with-others’ (Biesta G, Tedder M, How is agency possible? Towards an ecological understanding of agency-as-achievement. 44(0), 1–40, 2006) as a key part of professional development and that partnership, subsequently should be reconceptualised as ‘existing’ in the overlaps ‘between’ theory and practice.
Ryunosuke Okazaki: Fashion through the Prism of Posthuman and Affect Theories
Authors: McMillan Kiera 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper analyses Ryunosuke Okazaki’s designs in relation to understandings of the Human within both 18th Century ‘Western’ philosophy as well as contemporary theories of the feminine sublime [1]. Positioning the human in this way, Okazaki’s work comments on mankind’s relationship to nature as well as technology, referencing his own spirituality to conjure notions of the sublime. Fashion here becomes an ideal medium through which to challenge contemporary understandings of humanity and the human form in relation to gender and sexuality, as well as question the human desire for mass production and consumption. Beginning with an exploration of Okazaki’s material work and their construction processes, I go on to examine visual representations of their work within magazines (Metal, attitude) as well as on the runway. This application foregrounds Okazaki’s emotional connection to their work, which promotes a revaluation of fashion as disposable and suggests instead that we, as viewers and consumers, adopt an appreciation for the natural world, elements of which are almost always referenced within Okazaki’s designs. This paper, through consideration of Okazaki’s spiritual approach, investigates tradition alongside developments in technology and the role that fashion plays in this symbiosis.
Fashion Film and OBC (Online Brand Community): The Co-authoring Dynamics
Authors: Buffo Simonetta 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe aim of this research project is to investigate how fashion brands and their online communities begin a co-authoring process in fashion films. Since the early days, fashion market has always enriched its dreamlike imageries with garments and images [1], with the advent of internet, those dressed bodies could move, tell stories and spur deeper engagement. In fact, fashion films are the direct digital evolution of the static fashion magazine images. Transposed on the web, such images can now reach online brand communities who often start a debate on both the fashion film and the brand, thus nurturing the brand contents. This results in a typical communicative flow that we can commonly observe on social media, which has also been object of study by some academics [2–4]. However, the dynamics and inferences produced are not fully clear: the OBCs are often similar to black holes. In order to gain more clarity on the topic, this study compares different types of fashion film with OBCs profiles. The final goal is to outline several classes of engagement and verify the contribution this process has in generating (cultural) contents.
Corporate Fashion Museums Communication Strategies: The Case of the Louis Vuitton Maison de Famille in Asnières-sur-Seine
Authors: Biondo Sandra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe case of the Louis Vuitton ‘maison de famille’ in Asnières-sur-Seine allows investigation of communications strategies implemented by Corporate Fashion Museums. It is argued these museum types are used by luxury fashion brands as marketing tools to retain their customers. The data relied upon are primarily qualitative: interviews and exploratory observations were specifically conducted between January 2020 and November 2022. It is suggested that the process of commodification of the family patrimonium as well as the enhancement of for-sale products within the museum is made possible through the wise use of various techniques mainly related to the artification and the heritagization processes. The combination of those techniques – linking fashion brands with the art and museum world(s) – enables fashion firms to produce a coherent corporate narrative while pursuing seemingly oppositional goals.
AdS3 vacua realising $$ \mathfrak{osp} $$(n|2) superconformal symmetry
Authors: Macpherson Niall T. , Ramirez Anayeli 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We consider $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (n, 0) supersymmetric AdS3 vacua of type II supergravity realising the superconformal algebra $$ \mathfrak{osp} $$
osp
(n|2) for n > 4. For the cases n = 6 and n = 5, one can realise these algebras on backgrounds that decompose as foliations of AdS3 × ℂℙ3 ( squashed ℂℙ3 for n = 5) over an interval. We classify such solutions with bi-spinor techniques and find the local form of each of them: they only exist in (massive) IIA and are defined locally in terms of an order 3 polynomial h similar to the AdS7 vacua of (massive) IIA. Many distinct local solutions exist for different tunings of h that give rise to bounded (or semi infinite) intervals bounded by physical behaviour. We show that it is possible to glue these local solutions together by placing D8 branes in the interior of the interval without breaking supersymmetry, which expands the possibilities for global solutions immensely. We illustrate this point with some simple examples. Finally we also show that AdS3 vacua for n = 7, 8 only exist in d = 11 supergravity and are all locally AdS4×S7.
Dynamic behaviours of black hole phase transitions near quadruple points
Authors: Yang Jiayue , Mann Robert B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTreating the horizon radius as an order parameter in a thermal fluctuation, the free energy landscape model sheds light on the dynamic behaviour of black hole phase transitions. Here we carry out the first investigation of the dynamics of the recently discovered multicriticality in black holes. We specifically consider black hole quadruple points inD= 4 Einstein gravity coupled to non-linear electrodynamics. We observe thermodynamic phase transitions between the four stable phases at a quadruple point as well as weak and strong oscillatory phenomena by numerically solving the Smoluchowski equation describing the evolution of the probability distribution function. We analyze the dynamic evolution of the different phases at various ensemble temperatures and find that the probability distribution of a final stationary state is closely tied to the structure of its off-shell Gibbs free energy.
Morphology and structural evolution of fine beach gold in comparison to detrital platinum, southern New Zealand
Authors: Palmer Marshall , Craw Dave 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBeach placer gold has been mined around the world historically, but extraction of fine (~ 100 µm) gold particles is notoriously difficult. This study illustrates morphological and mineralogical changes that transform fine gold during aeolian processes on windy beaches and contribute to mine concentration inefficiencies. Sandblasting on exposed beaches in southern New Zealand has caused extreme attenuation of edges of gold flakes that were previously transported in rivers for > 200 km. Flakes have been transformed into complex but compact toroids and spheroids with thin (~ 20 µm) internal and external strands of attenuated gold. Most of the gold within the attenuated strands has recrystallised to fine (micron-scale) undeformed grains with little or no Ag (< 1 wt%). Some coarse (> 40 µm) gold grains remain from the precursor fluvial particles, and these retain original Ag contents (1–10 wt%). These coarse grains show substantial internal crystallographic deformation and sub-grain formation, although some of these strain effects may have been inherited from fluvial transport. Co-existing detrital platinum minerals are much less malleable than gold during sandblasting and have only minor (10-µm scale) toroidal deformation on edges of fluvial flakes. The complex frameworks of the fine toroidal and spheroidal gold particles can include air, water, and clay, which lowers their average density and so they commonly float on water and are readily entrained with other heavy minerals. The fine particle size, compact shapes, and clay coatings also resist mercury amalgamation.
Kinesiophobia contributes to worse functional and patient‐reported outcome measures in Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review
Authors: Vivekanantha Prushoth , de SA Darren , Halai Mansur , Daniels Timothy , del Balso Christopher , Pinsker Ellie , Shah Ajay 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeTo assess the effect of kinesiophobia or fear of reinjury on patient‐reported outcome measures and physical performance measures in patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy (AT).MethodsThree databases were systematically screened for studies from inception to May 22nd, 2023 for literature investigating the impact of kinesiophobia on PROMs or physical performance metrics in AT. The authors adhered to the PRISMA and R‐AMSTAR guidelines as well as the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Data on demographics, pain, level of activity, self‐reported injury severity, quality of life, single‐leg hop performance, and heel‐raise performance were recorded. Data was presented primarily in a narrative summary fashion. The MINORS score was used for all studies to perform a quality assessment of included studies.ResultsSix studies comprising 705 patients were included in this review. Variations of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK‐11 or TSK‐17) were used in all studies. TSK scores were strongly correlated with the Pain Catastrophizing Score (PCS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores and were correlated with decreased Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment Achilles (VISA‐A) and Foot and Ankle Outcome Scores Quality of Life (FAOS‐QoL) subscale scores. Kinesiophobia was associated with heel raise completion with conflicting evidence on correlations with hop test performance.ConclusionIncreased kinesiophobia scores (> 35 points), measured by TSK are associated with worse PROMs, including increased pain, decreased quality of life, increased self‐reported severity, and is also associated with poorer physical performance measures in patients with AT.Level of evidenceIV.
The Diversity and Metabolism of Culturable Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria from the Photic Zone of the Western North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Jiang Zhichen , Liu Sizhen , Zhang Dechao , Sha Zhongli 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo better understand bacterial communities and metabolism under nitrogen deficiency, 154 seawater samples were obtained from 5 to 200 m at 22 stations in the photic zone of the Western North Pacific Ocean. Total 634 nitrate-utilizing bacteria were isolated using selective media and culture-dependent methods, and 295 of them were positive for nitrate reduction. These nitrate-reducing bacteria belonged to 19 genera and 29 species and among them, Qipengyuania flava, Roseibium aggregatum, Erythrobacter aureus, Vibrio campbellii, and Stappia indica were identified from all tested seawater layers of the photic zone and at almost all stations. Twenty-nine nitrate-reducing strains representing different species were selected for further the study of nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon metabolism. All 29 nitrate-reducing isolates contained genes encoding dissimilatory nitrate reduction or assimilatory nitrate reduction. Six nitrate-reducing isolates can oxidize thiosulfate based on genomic analysis and activity testing, indicating that nitrate-reducing thiosulfate-oxidizing bacteria exist in the photic zone. Five nitrate-reducing isolates obtained near the chlorophyll a-maximum layer contained a dimethylsulfoniopropionate synthesis gene and three of them contained both dimethylsulfoniopropionate synthesis and cleavage genes. This suggests that nitrate-reducing isolates may participate in dimethylsulfoniopropionate synthesis and catabolism in photic seawater. The presence of multiple genes for chitin degradation and extracellular peptidases may indicate that almost all nitrate-reducing isolates (28/29) can use chitin and proteinaceous compounds as important sources of carbon and nitrogen. Collectively, these results reveal culturable nitrate-reducing bacterial diversity and have implications for understanding the role of such strains in the ecology and biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon in the oligotrophic marine photic zone.
Diverse marine benthic communities and reduced anthropogenic contaminants near Scott Base (Hut Point Peninsula, Ross Island, Antarctica)
Authors: Lohrer Andrew M. , Mangan Stephanie , Marriott Peter , Budd Rod , Bremner David , Grant Brett , Tait Leigh W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAntarctic marine ecosystems are largely thought to be among the planet’s least impacted, yet habitats adjacent to research stations can be heavily polluted. Despite long-term monitoring and remediation being high priorities for international environmental protection, the ecological responses to contaminants and stressors remains poorly characterised, limiting our ability to manage and reduce human impacts. This study compares epifaunal community composition at two sites close to Scott Base with a reference site further away. We couple these data with environmental characteristics, including current data, sediment properties, and contaminant concentrations within the sediment and in the tissues of two epifaunal species, both from this survey and those previously reported. Previously high concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls and polyaromatic hydrocarbons are now undetectable and concentrations of heavy metals were mostly similar or reduced compared to previous data from 2002. High within-site variance suggests localised contamination footprints from being situated within a deposition zone and/or from the erosion of anthropogenic debris. Despite the persistence of some metals (arsenic, copper and lead) at one site, our study revealed high biodiversity at all three sites (22–28 taxa per 0.25 m2). Benthic community structure was influenced by a combination of factors, including sea ice characteristics, sediment type and habitat complexity. Overall, our study clearly highlights the influence of human activities on the benthos in adjacent marine habitats. The established monitoring protocols coupling diver and remote sampling will enable regular monitoring, filling a critical need for time-series data in order to detect long-term trends and interactions with climate drivers.
Machine learning slice-wise whole-lung CT emphysema score correlates with airway obstruction
Authors: Lidén Mats , Spahr Antoine , Hjelmgren Ola , Bendazzoli Simone , Sundh Josefin , Sköld Magnus , Bergström Göran , Wang Chunliang , Thunberg Per 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Quantitative CT imaging is an important emphysema biomarker, especially in smoking cohorts, but does not always correlate to radiologists’ visual CT assessments. The objectives were to develop and validate a neural network-based slice-wise whole-lung emphysema score (SWES) for chest CT, to validate SWES on unseen CT data, and to compare SWES with a conventional quantitative CT method.

Materials and methods
Separate cohorts were used for algorithm development and validation. For validation, thin-slice CT stacks from 474 participants in the prospective cross-sectional Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) were included, 395 randomly selected and 79 from an emphysema cohort. Spirometry (FEV1/FVC) and radiologists’ visual emphysema scores (sum-visual) obtained at inclusion in SCAPIS were used as reference tests. SWES was compared with a commercially available quantitative emphysema scoring method (LAV950) using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis.

Results
SWES correlated more strongly with the visual scores than LAV950 (r = 0.78 vs. r = 0.41, p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve for the prediction of airway obstruction was larger for SWES than for LAV950 (0.76 vs. 0.61, p = 0.007). SWES correlated more strongly with FEV1/FVC than either LAV950 or sum-visual in the full cohort (r =  − 0.69 vs. r =  − 0.49/r =  − 0.64, p < 0.001/p = 0.007), in the emphysema cohort (r =  − 0.77 vs. r =  − 0.69/r =  − 0.65, p = 0.03/p = 0.002), and in the random sample (r =  − 0.39 vs. r =  − 0.26/r =  − 0.25, p = 0.001/p = 0.007).

Conclusion
The slice-wise whole-lung emphysema score (SWES) correlates better than LAV950 with radiologists’ visual emphysema scores and correlates better with airway obstruction than do LAV950 and radiologists’ visual scores.

Clinical relevance statement
The slice-wise whole-lung emphysema score provides quantitative emphysema information for CT imaging that avoids the disadvantages of threshold-based scores and is correlated more strongly with reference tests than LAV950 and reader visual scores.

Key Points
• A slice-wise whole-lung emphysema score (SWES) was developed to quantify emphysema in chest CT images.
• SWES identified visual emphysema and spirometric airflow limitation significantly better than threshold-based score (LAV950).
• SWES improved emphysema quantification in CT images, which is especially useful in large-scale research.