bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decision coaching for people with kidney failure: A case study
Authors: Buur Louise Engelbrecht , Bekker Hilary Louise , Mathiesen Caroline Løntoft , Holm Lotte Timmerby , Riise Ida , Finderup Jeanette , Stacey Dawn 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the usefulness of decision coaching for people with kidney failure facing decisions about end‐of‐life care.ObjectivesTo investigate experiences of people with kidney failure who received decision coaching for end‐of‐life care decisions.DesignWe conducted a prospective case study bound by time (September to December 2021), location (one nephrology department), and guided by the Ottawa Decision Support Framework.ParticipantsAdults with kidney failure facing end‐of‐life care decisions.MeasurementsA nurse trained in decision coaching screened for unmet decisional needs with the SURE test and provided decision coaching using the Ottawa Personal Decision Guide. Postcoaching, the participants were rescreened using the SURE test and interviewed to explore their experience with decision coaching. Change in SURE test findings was analysed descriptively and systematic text condensation was used for the analysis of interviews. Recorded decision coaching sessions underwent content analysis using the Decision Support Analysis Tool.ResultsDecision coaching was provided to four adults with kidney failure. Median pre‐SURE test score was 2.5 (range 2–4) and posttest score was 3 (range 3–4), indicating a decrease in decisional needs. Participants described that decision coaching provided an overview of features of options to consider, identified remaining decisional needs for further discussion with relatives and health professionals and clarified next steps. Median Decision Support Analysis Tool score was 9 (range 8–9).ConclusionsAfter decision coaching, results suggest that the participants experienced fewer decisional needs and seemed clearer about the next steps in the decision making process.
The effect of a 2 week ketogenic diet, versus a carbohydrate‐based diet, on cognitive performance, mood and subjective sleepiness during 36 h of extended wakefulness in military personnel: An exploratory study
Authors: Henderson Lydia Rose , van den Berg Margo , Shaw David M 
Published: February 2023

SummaryExtended wakefulness, or sleep deprivation, impairs cognitive performance and brain glucose metabolism. A ketogenic diet (KD) provides an alternative fuel source, ketone bodies, that could elicit a metabolic benefit during sleep deprivation. A randomised, cross‐over trial was conducted with seven male military personnel. Participants ingested an iso‐energetic ketogenic diet or carbohydrate‐based diet for 14 days, immediately followed by 36 h of extended wakefulness and separated by a 12 day washout. Cognitive performance, mood, subjective sleepiness, capillary blood glucose, and D‐β‐hydroxybutyrate concentrations were measured every 2 h during extended wakefulness. Linear mixed models were used to analyse data. D‐β‐hydroxybutyrate was higher (p < 0.001) and glucose was lower (p < 0.01) on the KD compared with the carbohydrate‐based diet. The KD improved psychomotor vigilance task performance (number of lapses, mean reciprocal response time, mean fastest 10% response time (RT), and mean slowest 10% RT; all p < 0.05), running memory continuous performance test performance (RT and number of correct responses per minute; both p < 0.01), and vigour, fatigue, and sleepiness (all, p ≤ 0.001) compared with the carbohydrate‐based diet. In conclusion, a KD demonstrated beneficial effects on cognitive performance, mood, and sleepiness during 36 h of extended wakefulness compared with a carbohydrate‐based diet.
The power struggles of executives and legislators in a kingship budget setting: The role of informal and formal power
Authors: Buanaputra Vogy Gautama , Uddin Shahzad 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDrawing on the power struggles of executives and legislators in a kingship budget setting, the study sheds light on the role of informal power in budget decisions and what makes one of the key actors more powerful than the other in the budgeting process. The study employs a qualitative case study collecting data through face‐to‐face interviews, observations, and documentary analysis. The paper advances the research stream of budget politics in public administration literature, highlighting the intense exercise of informal power to drive budget decisions. The paper provides evidence that informal power has heavily influenced the interactions between executives and legislators by the King and his fictive kin, exercised by formal and informal mechanisms (e.g., half‐room meetings). Utilizing Weber's traditionalism, we demonstrate that the role of informal power over formal power is especially critical in a context where democratic institutions have no solid foundation.
The contribution of primary care practitioners to interventions reducing loneliness and social isolation in older people—An integrative review
Authors: Thompson Cristina , Halcomb Elizabeth , Masso Malcolm 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundSocial connection is a fundamental human need. Its absence can lead to loneliness and social isolation, adversely impacting health and well‐being. Given their regular contact and trusted relationships with older people, practitioners delivering community‐based primary care are well‐positioned to address this issue. However, their contribution to addressing loneliness and social isolation is unclear.AimThis integrative review explores the contribution of the primary care workforce to interventions aimed at reducing loneliness and social isolation in community‐dwelling older people.MethodUsing an integrative review method, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and PubMed were searched for original research published between 2000 and 2022. Fourteen papers reporting 13 primary studies were appraised for methodological quality and included in the review. Data were extracted into a summary table and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsIncluded studies came from over six countries. Internationally, primary care services have diverse structures, funding and workforces influencing their response to loneliness and social isolation. All but one intervention was multi‐component, with ten studies including a group‐based activity and three providing primarily individual‐level activities. Only six studies reported reductions in loneliness following the intervention. Three themes were identified: characteristics of interventions; implementation context, barriers and facilitators; and differing contributions of primary care practitioners in addressing loneliness and social isolation of older people.ConclusionThere is increasing demand and scope for primary care practitioners to assist lonely and socially isolated older people. It is important to understand how to equip and incentivise these practitioners to routinely identify, assess and respond to lonely and socially isolated older people despite varying implementation contexts. There is a need for further research that explores how the primary care team can be better utilised to deliver effective interventions that reduce the health impacts of loneliness and social isolation.
Trait continuity: Can parent‐rated infant temperament predict HEXACO personality in early adulthood?
Authors: Kamarova Sviatlana , Dunlop Patrick D. , Parker Sharon K. 
Published: February 2023

Examining the Raine cohort study, we tested the trait continuity hypothesis by examining the extent that young adults' (25–29 years old) self‐reported HEXACO personality can be statistically predicted from multi‐dimensional parental temperament ratings collected in infancy (1–2 years old). The study incorporated a lagged design (two waves), a large sample size (n = 563), and examined both temperament and personality as both dimensions and profiles. Overall, we found very limited evidence of trait continuity, with generally very weak and few statistically significant observed associations of infant temperament with early adulthood personality. Relations were weak whether profile or dimension‐based operationalizations of both phenomena were adopted. Additionally, controlling for sex affected the relations of temperament and personality only to a small extent for most of the traits, and moderation effects of sex were generally zero‐to‐trivial in size. Altogether, parent‐rated temperament in infancy seems to provide little information about HEXACO personality in early adulthood.
A sociology of bullying: Placing youth aggression in social context
Authors: Donoghue Christopher , Pascoe C.J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper we review the sociological literature on peer aggression among adolescents and demonstrate how it can form the basis of a new subfield in sociology on the subject of bullying. Although sociologists have mostly avoided the term bullying in classic works on adolescent aggression, these studies suggest that institutional social control, status hierarchies and social inequalities provide important social context for youth aggression. While historically they have not been in dialog with each other, when taken together sociological research on youth status relations and social networks, systemic bias, school culture and social ecology can lay the foundation of a sociology of bullying. We suggest that if sociologists see this work as shedding light on issues of bullying, they can begin to play a larger role in the shaping of the national conversation on bullying and influence anti‐bullying programs in schools to take better account of the social dimensions of bullying.
What Drives Technological Change in Regions? Relatedness and R&D Subsidies in the US from 1981 to 2010
Authors: Simone Andrea 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTR&D subsidisation is acknowledged as a major spurrer of the economic development of regions, but is seldom considered in the literature concerning regional diversification. Conversely, robust evidence has been gathered about the impact of relatedness on the ability of regions to explore new technological domains. The work employs patent data to assess the extent to which related and unrelated diversification processes in the United States, between 1981 and 2010, are influenced by the existing regional knowledge base and the magnitude of R&D public funds, providing evidence for both drivers by means of econometric estimations.
An evaluation of the clinical impacts of 7‐day platelets
Authors: Ning Shuoyan , Gabarin Nadia , Li Na , Liu Yang , Lucier Kayla , Barty Rebecca , Acker Jason , Webert Kathryn E. , Warkentin Theodore E. , Arnold Donald M. , Heddle Nancy M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn August 2017, Canadian Blood Services extended the shelf‐life of platelet concentrates from 5 to 7 days. The clinical impacts of this policy change remain unclear.Study Design and MethodsWe used a before‐after retrospective design of platelet‐transfused adult inpatients in Hamilton, ON, Canada. Data were captured for 18 months before (Period 1: February 2016–July 2017) and 18 months after (Period 2: September 2017–February 2019) 7‐day platelet implementation. Primary outcome was absolute platelet count increment (ACI) in univariate and multivariate analyses adjusted for confounders. Data were obtained from our institution's transfusion database, Ontario's Transfusion Transmitted Injuries Surveillance System, and the blood supplier.ResultsOverall, 1360 patients with single dose platelet transfusions were included in Period 1 and 1211 patients in Period 2. Median age at admission was 66 years, and approximately 40% of patients underwent cardiac surgery. Using a non‐inferiority margin of −10 × 109/L, platelets transfused during the 7‐day storage period were non‐inferior to those transfused in the 5‐day storage period [mean count difference − 4.63 × 109/L (95% CI −7.40 to −1.87, p = 0.0001)]. However, platelet ACIs following transfusion consistently trended lower in the 7‐day group for all patients and subgroups. No differences in secondary clinical outcomes were observed. Platelet expiry reduced from 8.1 to 6.3% (p < 0.0001).ConclusionPlatelet transfusions following 7‐day storage policy were non‐inferior to transfusions in the 5‐day policy period, although reduced ACIs were observed. There were no increases in adverse clinical outcomes.
Minimally invasive repair of acetabular fractures in dogs: Ex vivo feasibility study and case report
Authors: Dalton Cambrie L. , Kim Stanley E. , Biedrzycki Adam H. , Mullen Kaitlyn M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe and evaluate minimally invasive repair of acetabular fractures in dogs using plates contoured to 3D‐printed hemipelvic models.Study designEx vivo feasibility study and case report.Sample populationAdult canine cadavers (n = 5); 8 year old male neutered Chihuahua.MethodsBone plates were contoured to 3D printed hemipelvic models derived from computed tomographic scans of each dog. In cadavers, acetabular, ischial, and pubic osteotomies were performed. A small craniolateral approach to the ilial body and a caudal approach to the ischium were made and connected through epiperiosteal tunnels. Under fluoroscopic guidance, fractures were reduced, and precontoured bone plates were applied with locking screws. Postoperative computed tomographic images were used to assess fracture gaps, step defects, and pelvic angulation. Cadavers were dissected for subjective assessment of sciatic nerve injury. Radiographic and clinical follow up was acquired for the clinical case.ResultsSmall fracture gaps (<2 mm) and step defects (<1 mm), low pelvic angulation (<5°), and minimal (none n = 4 and mild n = 1) sciatic nerve injuries were observed in cadaver testing. There was slight (~1 mm) medial displacement of the pubic segment and good functional outcome for the clinical case, with radiographic healing documented at 3 months postoperatively.ConclusionMinimally invasive acetabular fracture repair in dogs with the aid of 3D printing was feasible and accurate.Clinical significanceMinimally invasive repair techniques assisted by 3D printing may be applicable for acetabular fractures in dogs. The technique should be evaluated further before routine use can be recommended.
Cerebral artery conditional blood velocity in sickle cell disease: a multicentre study and evidence for active treatment
Authors: Modebe Emmanuel , Nonyelu Charles , Duru Augustine , Ezenwosu Osita , Chukwu Barth , Madu Anazoeze , Ezekekwu Chinedu , Aneke John , Izuka Mildred , Nri-Ezedi Chisom , Nnachi Oluomachi , Eze Alozie , Ajuba Ifeoma , Okwummuo Emeka , Chilaka Jane , Onodugo Chinenye , Fidelis-Ewa Uwaoma , Agwu Obineche , Anigbogu Ikechukwu , Muoghalu Ebele , Okoye Helen , Efobi Chilota , Ejiofor Obiora , Ugwu Ngozi , Maduka Collins , Iloanusi Nneka , Ugwu Angela , Okocha Chide , Ulasi Thomas , Okpala Iheanyi 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveTo obtain multicentre data on the prevalence of normal, high or conditional (intermediate) blood velocity in the cerebral arteries among children with sickle cell disease (SCD) in Nigeria.DesignA prospective observational study in five tertiary healthcare institutions. By transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography, cerebral artery peak systolic blood velocity (PSV) was determined in 193 children with SCD and time averaged mean of the maximum blood velocity (TAMMV) in a different cohort of 115 children. This design was to make the findings relevant to hospitals with TCD equipment that measure either PSV or TAMMV.SettingNigeria.Participants308 children (126 girls, 182 boys; age 2–16 years).Main outcome measuresPercentage of children with SCD who have normal, high or intermediate (often termed conditional) PSV or TAMMV.ResultsIn the cohort of 193 children, PSV was normal in 150 (77.7%), high in 7 (3.6%) and conditional in 36 (18.7%). In the cohort of 115 children, TAMMV was normal in 96 (84%), high in 7 (6%) and conditional in 12 (10%). There were no significant differences in gender or age distribution between the PSV and TAMMV cohorts. Altogether, cerebral artery blood velocity was normal in 246/308 children (80%), high in 14 (4.5%) and conditional in 48 (15.5%).ConclusionSince conditional blood velocity in cerebral arteries can progress to high values and predispose to stroke, the proportion of children with SCD who are affected (15.5%) raises the question of whether regular monitoring and proactive intervention ought to be the standard of care.
Role of individual characteristics and national distancing policies for COVID-19 protective behaviour among older adults: a cross-sectional study of 27 European countries
Authors: Mikucka Malgorzata , Antczak Radoslaw 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveEvidence on how individual characteristics and distancing policies during the first wave of COVID-19 together influenced health behaviours is scarce. The objective of this study is to fill in this gap by studying how the propensity to engage in protective behaviours in Europe was shaped by the interplay of individual characteristics and national policies.DesignData on individual behaviour in 27 countries came from the ‘Corona Survey’ module of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, collected in summer 2020. As outcomes, we considered avoidant behaviours (never leaving home, reducing frequency of walks and reducing frequency of social meetings) and preventive behaviour (wearing a face mask). Among relevant policies, we considered stay-at-home restrictions, mask wearing policies and gathering restrictions. Individual characteristics comprised gender, health risk of COVID-19 (older age and poor health) and activity (employment and providing help to other households).ParticipantsNationally representative samples of older adults (50 years and over), n=51 540 respondents (58% of women).ResultsActive people (employed and helping other households) were more likely to wear face masks but less likely to use avoidant behaviours. People at health risk (older people and those in poor health) were more likely to use all types of protective behaviours. Protective behaviours were also more frequent among women than among men. Longer duration of distancing polices correlated with more frequent protective behaviours. Distancing policies reduced social differences in the rate of protective behaviours only in case of social meetings and mask wearing.ConclusionsProtective behaviours responded to distancing policies, but our results suggest that people used them voluntarily, especially if they were at health risk.
Multimorbidity combinations and their association with functional disabilities among Indian older adults: evidence from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI)
Authors: Kumar Manish , Kumari Neha , Chanda Srei , Dwivedi Laxmi Kant 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveThis study aims to identify the unique multimorbidity combinations (MMCs) and their associations with the functional disability of Indian older adults. Moreover, the population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated to assess the potential impact of additional diseases in the nested groups on disability.DesignA cross-sectional data were analysed in this study.Setting and participantsThe present study uses data from the first wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (2017–2018). The sample for the study consists of 27 753 aged 60 years and over.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome variable was functional disability, measured by the combined activities of daily living (ADL)-instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) index.ResultsOut of 197 uniquely identified MMCs, the combination of hypertension and high depressive symptoms (HDS) was the most prevalent (10.3%). Overall, all MMCs were associated with increased functional limitation. Specifically, the combination of hypertension, arthritis and HDS was associated with greater ADL-IADL disability than any other MMC. The addition of HDS in group 3 (hypertension and arthritis) (incidence rate ratios (IRR)=1.44; 95% CI 1.26 to 1.64) and the addition of arthritis in group 1 (hypertension, HDS) (IRR=1.48; 95% CI 1.28 to 1.71) and group 2 (hypertension, diabetes) (IRR=1.49; 95% CI 1.22 to 1.82) significantly increases the rates of ADL-IADL disability. The estimated PAFs of the group 1 (hypertension and HDS), group 3 (hypertension and arthritis) and group 4 (arthritis and HDS) for ADL-IADL disability were 22.5% (19.2–25.5), 21.6% (18.7–24.4) and 23.5% (20.6–26.3), respectively.ConclusionThe findings from this study underscore the importance of addressing the morbidity combinations which are more disabling than the others in older adults. Understanding the somatic and psychological relevance of the morbidities in functional health is necessary and can help reduce disabilities among older adults.
Protocol for a scoping review on ‘surgical sabermetrics:’ technology-enhanced measurement of operative non-technical skills
Authors: Howie Emma , Wigmore Stephen J , Daglius Dias Roger , Skipworth Richard , Yule Steven 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionSurgeons need high fidelity, high quality, objective, non-judgemental and quantitative feedback to measure their performance in order to optimise their performance and improve patient safety. This can be provided through surgical sabermetrics, defined as ‘advanced analytics of digitally recorded surgical training and operative procedures to enhance insight, support professional development and optimise clinical and safety outcomes’. The aim of this scoping review is to investigate the assessment of surgeon’s non-technical skills using sabermetrics principles, focusing on digital, automated measurements that do not require a human observer.Methods and analysisTo investigate the current methods of digital, automated measurements of surgeons’ non-technical skills, a systematic scoping review will be conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, using databases from medicine and other fields. Covidence software is used for screening of potential studies. A data extraction tool will be developed specifically for this study to evaluate the methods of measurement. Quality assurance will be assessed using Quality Assessment Tool for Diverse Designs. Multiple reviewers will be responsible for screening of studies and data extraction.Ethics and disseminationThis is a review study, not using primary data, and therefore, ethical approval is not required. A range of methods will be employed for dissemination of the results of this study, including publication in journals and conference presentations.