bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From guest to host: parasite Cistanche deserticola shapes and dominates bacterial and fungal community structure and network complexity
Authors: Miao Yujing , Zhang Xinke , Zhang Guoshuai , Feng Zhan , Pei Jin , Liu Chang , Huang Linfang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Rhizosphere and plant microbiota are assumed to play an essential role in deciding the well-being of hosts, but effects of parasites on their host microbiota have been rarely studied. Also, the characteristics of the rhizosphere and root microbiota of parasites and hosts under parasitism is relatively unknown. In this study, we used Cistanche deserticola and Haloxylon ammodendron from cultivated populations as our model parasites and host plants, respectively. We collected samples from BULK soil (BULK), rhizosphere soil of H. ammodendron not parasitized (NCD) and parasitized (RHA) to study how the parasite influenced the rhizosphere microbiota of the host. We also collected samples from the rhizosphere soil and roots of C. deserticola (RCD and ECD) and Haloxylon ammodendron (RHA and EHA) to explore the difference between the microbiota of the parasite and its host under parasitism.

Results
The parasite reduced the compositional and co-occurrence network complexities of bacterial and fungal microbiota of RHA. Additionally, the parasite increased the proportion of stochastic processes mainly belonging to dispersal limitation in the bacterial microbiota of RHA. Based on the PCoA ordinations and permutational multivariate analysis of variance, the dissimilarity between microbiota of C. deserticola and H. ammodendron were rarely evident (bacteria, R2 = 0.29971; fungi, R2 = 0.15631). Interestingly, four hub nodes of H. ammodendron in endosphere fungal microbiota were identified, while one hub node of C. deserticola in endosphere fungal microbiota was identified. It indicated that H. ammodendron played a predominant role in the co-occurrence network of endosphere fungal microbiota. Source model of plant microbiome suggested the potential source percentage from the parasite to the host (bacteria: 52.1%; fungi: 16.7%) was lower than host-to-parasite (bacteria: 76.5%; fungi: 34.3%), illustrating that microbial communication was bidirectional, mainly from the host to the parasite.

Conclusions
Collectively, our results suggested that the parasite C. deserticola shaped the diversity, composition, co-occurrence network, and community assembly mechanisms of the rhizosphere microbiota of H. ammodendron. Additionally, the microbiota of C. deserticola and H. ammodendron were highly similar and shared. Our findings on parasite and host microbiota provided a novel line of evidence supporting the influence of parasites on the microbiota of their hosts.
Dietary intake and socio-economic predictors of inadequate energy and nutrient intake among women of childbearing age in Karamoja sub-region of Uganda
Authors: Muggaga Christopher , Okello-Uma Ipolto , Kaaya Archileo Natigo , Taylor David , Ongeng Duncan , Basil Mugonola 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundKaramoja sub-region is the most food insecure part of Eastern Africa. The poor status of food security in the sub-region is reflected in the high rate of undernutrition among women of childbearing age (WCBA) and children under 5 years (CUFY). The sub-region is unique in Uganda in terms of cultural diversity, agro-ecology and rainfall pattern and agricultural practices. However, the influence of these unique characteristics on dietary intake of WCBA in the sub-region is less understood. Therefore, this study examined dietary intake and socio-economic predictors of inadequate energy and nutrient intake among WCBA in Karamoja sub-region.MethodsA longitudinal study design was used involving 755 WCBA in the harvesting season where 635 were followed-up in the planting season. Data were collected using 24-h recall, dietary diversity and socio-economic and demographic questionnaires.ResultsIntake of energy and nutrients were generally significantly higher (p < 0.05) during the planting season than in the harvesting season. Irrespective of the district, physiological status and season, household consumption of plant-based foods was far higher than intake of animal-based foods dominated by starchy stables (76–100%), dark green leafy vegetables (70–100%) and legumes, nuts and seeds (22–97%) depending on the district. Majority of the respondents had two meals (breakfast: 65–100%; supper: 90–100%) with up to 45% of WCBA who consumed alcohol across meal times. .Overall on average, 57.7, 66.6, 78.5, 60.3, 67.7 and 93.7% of WCBA did not meet the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for energy, protein, calcium, iron, zinc and folic acid, respectively. Binary logistic regression revealed that inadequate intake of energy and nutrients significantly increased (p < 0.05) with the status of being lactating/breastfeeding and was influenced by age of WCBA, number of women married, education level and occupation of the household head depending on season.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that dietary intake of WCBA in Karamoja sub-region was inadequate. Age of WCBA, number of women married, education level and occupation of the household head and spouse and being a lactating/breastfeeding mother were the key socio-economic and demographic factors that influenced inadequate intake of energy and nutrients among WCBA.
Incidence Trends of Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers in Jordan From 2000 to 2016
Authors: Almaani Noor , Juweid Malik E. , Alduraidi Hamza , Ganem Nour , Abu-Tayeh Fatima Alzahraa , Alrawi Raneen , Hawwari Thurayya 
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE Skin cancers are among the commonest cancers worldwide, and the incidence of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) continues to rise worldwide. However, there are no comprehensive reports on skin cancer incidence in Jordan during the past two decades. This report investigates the incidence of skin cancers in Jordan, in particular their time trends for the period 2000-2016. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data on malignant melanomas (MMs), squamous cells carcinomas (SCCs), and basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) were extracted from the Jordan Cancer Registry for the period between 2000 and 2016. Age-specific and overall age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) were computed. RESULTS Two thousand seventy patients were diagnosed with at least one BCC, 1,364 with SCC, and 258 with MM. ASIRs were 28, 19, and 4 per 100,000 person-years for BCC, SCC, and MM, respectively. The BCC:SCC incidence ratio was 1.47:1. The risk of men developing SCCs was significantly higher than women (relative risks [RRs], 1.311; 95% CI, 1.197 to 1.436), but significantly lower for BCCs (RR, 0.929; 95% CI, 0.877 to 0.984) or melanomas (RR, 0.465; 95% CI, 0.366 to 0.591). Persons older than 60 years were at a significantly higher risk of developing SCCs (RR, 1.225; 95% CI, 1.119 to 1.340) or melanomas (RR, 2.445; 95% CI, 1.925 to 3.104), but at a significantly lower risk of developing BCCs (RR, 0.885; 95% CI, 0.832 to 0.941). The overall incidence rates of SCCs, BCCs, and melanomas increased over the 16-year study period, but this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the largest epidemiologic study regarding skin cancers in Jordan and in the Arab world. Despite low incidence rates in this study, rates are higher than reported regional figures. This is likely due to standardized, centralized, and mandatory reporting of skin cancers, including NMSC.
Staff Experiences With Remote Work in a Comprehensive Cancer Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Recommendations for Long-Term Adoption
Authors: McChesney Christopher , Powis Melanie Lynn , Espin-Garcia Osvaldo , Hack Saidah , Morley Lyndon , Krzyzanowska Monika K. 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic led to the rapid implementation of remote work, but few studies have examined the impact. We evaluated clinical staff experience with working remotely at a large, urban comprehensive cancer center in Toronto, Canada. METHODS An electronic survey was disseminated between June 2021, and August 2021, via e-mail to staff who had completed at least some remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors associated with a negative experience were examined with binary logistic regression. Barriers were derived from a thematic analysis of open-text fields. RESULTS Most respondents (N = 333; response rate, 33.2%) were age 40-69 years (46.2%), female (61.3%), and physicians (24.6%). Although the majority of respondents wished to continue remote work (85.6%), relative to administrative staff (admin), physicians (odds ratio [OR], 16.6; 95% CI, 1.45 to 190.14) and pharmacists (OR, 12.6; 95% CI, 1.0 to 158.9) were more likely to want to return on-site. Physicians were approximately eight times more likely to report dissatisfaction with remote work (OR, 8.4; 95% CI, 1.4 to 51.6) and 24 times more likely to report that remote work negatively affected efficiency (OR, 24.0; 95% CI, 2.7 to 213.0); nurses were approximately seven times more likely to report the need for additional resources (OR, 6.5; 95% CI, 1.71 to 24.48) and/or training (OR, 7.02; 95% CI, 1.78 to 27.62). The most common barriers were the absence of fair processes for allocation of remote work, poor integration of digital applications and connectivity, and poor role clarity. CONCLUSION Although overall satisfaction with working remotely was high, work is needed to overcome barriers to implementation of remote and hybrid work models in the health care setting.
Structure and magnetism of rhodium particles as a size effect
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Yu Rong , Meng Fanyan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The magnetic properties of Rh clusters with face-centered-cubic (FCC) and hexagonal-closed-packed (HCP) structures were studied by first-principles calculations. The results show that both the structure and magnetic properties have size effects. Bulk Rh exists as a FCC structure. However, as the size of Rh particles shrinks, the FCC and HCP structures have comparable energies, consistent with the coexistence of the two structures experimentally observed previously. Although the bulk Rh is nonmagnetic, the nanoparticles or clusters of Rh in both the FCC and HCP structures are magnetic. The average magnetic moment gradually increases as the clusters shrink. The origin of the magnetism of Rh clusters can be attributed to the reduction of coordination number, other than the lattice expansion. The findings provide insights for understanding the magnetic properties of noble metal clusters.
Generation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived beta-cells in blood amino acids-like medium
Authors: Ali Marwa , Kato Yusuke , Shiraki Nobuaki , Kume Shoen 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Traditional cell culture media do not accurately represent the availability of the nutrients in plasma. They usually contain a supraphysiological concentration of nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, etc. These high nutrients can alter the metabolism of cultured cells and induce metabolic phenotypes that do not reflect in vivo conditions. We demonstrate that the supraphysiological levels of nutrients interfere with endodermal differentiation. Refinement of media formulations has a potential application in maturity modulation of stem cell-derived β-cells (SC-β) generation in vitro. To address these issues, we established a defined culture system to derive SC-β-cells using a blood amino acids-like medium (BALM). Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be efficiently differentiated into the definitive endoderm, pancreatic progenitors, endocrine progenitors, and SC-β in BALM-based med. The differentiated cells secreted C-peptide in vitro in response to high glucose levels and expressed several pancreatic β-cell markers. In conclusion, amino acids at the physiological levels are sufficient for deriving functional SC-β cells.
Making Sense of Accreditation, Certification, and Licensure for Careers in Exercise Science
Authors: Wagner Dale R. 
Published: February 2023

Apply It!
• Increase knowledge about frequently conflated terminology: accreditation, certification, and licensure. Use this knowledge to educate clients about your credentials.
• Discover what certifications are available from accredited programs and learn how to get your name listed on a national registry of fitness professionals.
• Recommendations provided to both fitness employees and fitness managers can help lead to increased credibility for the profession even without state licensure.
Indigenous knowledge of astronomical star positions and temporal patterns for seasonal weather forecasting: the case of Borana Oromo Pastoralists of Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Dinsa Abera Bekele , Wakjira Feyera Senbeta , Teferi Demmesie Ermias , Negash Tamirat Teferra 
Published: February 2023

Background: Indigenous Knowledge-based (IK) prediction of weather is an activity as old as humanity. The objective of this study is to examine indigenous knowledge-based seasonal weather indicating features of astronomic stars. Methods: This study is based on primary data that were generated through using focus group discussion, key informant interviews, experimental groups, and direct observation. Results: The findings revealed that, in the study area, one of the widely used practices of indigenous-based weather indicating astronomic objects that exhibit change naturally within a continuum of varying temporal and spatial contexts are observable external features of stars. In the study area weather indicating outlooks of stars are: temporal patterns of star-moon alignment/defect of star-moon alignment; position/direction of the stars and physical/colors of stars. The indicators were displayed in a more than three months lead time ahead of the actual occurrence of weather events. The occurrence of the forecasting of the weather event actually happened in 2021. The severe drought of 2021/2022 was mainly caused by naturally driven defects of star-moon alignment. These practices are still regularly used in decision making. However, these practices are not yet mainstreamed in to formal structures. Conclusion: Curtailments of mobility, severity of drought, weakening of traditional institution, leaving of traditional life-style and death of the knowledgeable elders are the major challenging factors to these practices.
Online Routing Over Parallel Networks: Deterministic Limits and Data-driven Enhancements
Authors: Jalota Devansh , Paccagnan Dario , Schiffer Maximilian , Pavone Marco 
Published: February 2023

Over the past decade, GPS-enabled traffic applications such as Google Maps and Waze have become ubiquitous and have had a significant influence on billions of daily commuters’ travel patterns. A consequence of the online route suggestions of such applications, for example, via greedy routing, has often been an increase in traffic congestion since the induced travel patterns may be far from the system optimum. Spurred by the widespread impact of traffic applications on travel patterns, this work studies online traffic routing in the context of capacity-constrained parallel road networks and analyzes this problem from two perspectives. First, we perform a worst-case analysis to identify the limits of deterministic online routing. Although we find that deterministic online algorithms achieve finite, problem/instance-dependent competitive ratios in special cases, we show that for a general setting the competitive ratio is unbounded. This result motivates us to move beyond worst-case analysis. Here, we consider algorithms that exploit knowledge of past problem instances and show how to design data-driven algorithms whose performance can be quantified and formally generalized to unseen future instances. We then present numerical experiments based on an application case for the San Francisco Bay Area to evaluate the performance of the proposed data-driven algorithms compared with the greedy algorithm and two look-ahead heuristics with access to additional information on the values of time and arrival time parameters of users. Our results show that the developed data-driven algorithms outperform commonly used greedy online-routing algorithms. Furthermore, our work sheds light on the interplay between data availability and achievable solution quality. History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design and Analysis of Algorithms–Discrete. Funding: This work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Award 1830554 and by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under [Grant 449261765]. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2023.1275 .
Ground Surface Quality Assessment Using P-wave Velocity from 2-D Seismic Refraction Method
Authors: Fadhli Zul , Anda Sabrian Tri , Syukri Muhammad , Karmel Moehammad Ediyan Raza , Tutifla Alfi Sunny , Hasibuan Purwandy , Safitri Rini 
Published: February 2023

A good strength level of the ground surface is the main concern in an area with rapid housing infrastructure development, such as Baitussalam district-Aceh Besar, Indonesia. A seismic refraction method was applied with three similar profile lines using PASI 16S – 24P equipment and 10 Hz vertical geophones to identify the sub-surface layer. The result was processed using Winsism software and Surfer 8. The results of seismic refraction were deduced and correlated with conventional geotechnical investigation obtained by a previous study. The results of 3 survey lines show that the area has two main layers. The first layer was interpreted as overburden (soil and clayey sand) with a compressional wave velocity (Vp) value of fewer than 1.8 km/s. The second layer produces a high velocity of more than 2 km/s. This second layer is interpreted as highly to moderately weathered rock. The results of seismic refraction surveys of the present study suggest a reasonably good correlation with the standard penetration test (SPT) and rock quality designation (RQD) obtained in the previous investigation. The strength level of the second layer showed N-SPT of 65 and RQD of at least 50%.
Direct Overwritable Magneto-Optical Exchange Coupled Multilayered Disk by Laser Power Modulation Recording
Authors: Saito Jun , Akasaka Hideki 
Published: February 2023

In 1987, we presented a direct overwritable Magneto-Optical exchange coupled multilayered (DOW-MO-ECML or DOW) disk by laser power modulation recording.1) The direct overwriting method could be summarized as follows.
(a) The ECML thin film has at least two layers as shown in Fig. 1. The upper layer, memory layer has higher coercivity at ambient temperature and lower Curie temperature than the lower layer, writing layer.
(b) Laser power is modulated as shown in Fig. 2. Ph irradia tion records new marks. Pl irradiation erases prerecorded marks. Pr means reading power.
(c) The initializing field, Mini is applied to the disk in ad dition to the bias field, Hb for recording.
Optical Mass Production In A First Generation Manufacturing Base. Potentials and Limitations !
Authors: Platt N. A. 
Published: February 2023

The fabrication of Optical Elements began as an Art rather than a Science and has tended to remain so throughout its history. With demands of high quantity and quality, the fabrication procedures are under constant standardisation to approve upon yet cost-effective material, machinery and manpower.
Rollei Singapore (Pte) Ltd. (RS), a subsidiary of Rollei, Franke & Heidecke, West Germany, has grown into a mass manufacturer of high precision optical, optomechanical and photographic components/equipment in Singa­pore since 1970 with the majority of designs licensed by Carl Zeiss, West Germany.
The author projects Singapore's industrial structure and economic policies. He spot-lights RS for history, general policies, scope, spread and its versatility in a first generation manufacturing base.
The effect of major features, to that effect, viz., machinery and equipment used, technologies applied and control techniques observed are dilated. Particular stress is laid on applied modem cost-effective techniques of manufacturing processes ensuring reproduceability and reliability through the State of Art.
Wavefront Analysis of Non-Spherical Surfaces
Authors: Hemenger Richard P. 
Published: February 2023

By specializing to the problem of axial imaging by surfaces with rotational symmetry a complete wavefront analysis is possible. Applications to multifocal lenses are given.
A wavefront analysis using elementary methods is possible for the case of axial imaging by an arbitrary rotationally symmetrical surface. Optically this approximates an eye fitted with a centered multifocal simultaneous vision contact lens. The essential assumption is that paraxial optics holds at each surface except one surface of the contact lens.
Introduction to Switching Networks
Authors: Beneš Václav E. 
Published: February 2023

We present a broad tutorial description of connecting network concepts and structures, divided into three categories: combinatorial, probabilistic, and operational, each with suitable examples.
Among the combinatorial aspects we single out the semi-lattice of network states, notions of mismatch and overflow, group theory applications such as the reduction of states by symmetries, construction of nonblocking networks, and topological characterization of such network properties as rearrangeability and nonblocking.
The probabilistic ideas we cover are (i) modeling of network operation, (ii) definition of loss (probability of blocking), (iii) load-loss relationships. Finally, such operational issues as good routing choices and time-space swaps and shuffles (time-division and/or packet switching) are touched on.
Tunable Diode Laser Sulfuric Acid Stack Monitoring System
Authors: Pearson E. F. , Mantz A. W. 
Published: February 2023

A two frequency tunable diode laser system has been constructed for the purpose of monitoring sulfuric acid emissions in stacks of electric power plants where high sulfur content or oil are consumed.
The system is digitally controlled and self-calibrating in units of parts per million meter of sulfuric acid concentration.
The system will be described and laboratory stability test results will be presented.
Millimetre-Wave Spectroscopy OF Atmospheric Gases Using Untuned Cavity Resonators
Authors: Llewellyn-Jones D T , Knight R J , Johnston W B , Moffat P H 
Published: February 2023

This technique has very important advantages when applied to spectroscopy of gases in a frequency region which extends from 10 GHz to 1000 GHz.
These advantages will be described and discussed. Data on absorption by atmospheric water vapour and oxygen, with emphasis on temperature dependence, will be presented, including some obtained in a large cavity giving close to 500 metres absorption path length.
Investigation of Polished Optical Glasses with a MAI—MWL Ellipsometer Arrangement
Authors: Linder Michael 
Published: February 2023

Surface layers are investigated by means of MAI–MWL (multiple angle of incidence, multiple wavelength) ellipsometry. The "layers" investigated are modifications of optical glasses in the near-surface region, caused by polishing and cleaning processes. The influence of several treatments on different materials is discussed.
The device used is a new, special ellipsometer arrangement using only absolutely nescessary elements but allowing fast and very accurate measurements.