bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gigification of English Language Instructor Work in Higher Education: Precarious Employment and Magic Time
Authors: Kouritzin Sandra G. , Ellis Taylor F. , Ghazani Ahmad Zirak , Nakagawa Satoru 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article describes how discourses of professionalism, insecurity, and exploitation among English as a second language/English for Academic Purposes (hereinafter ESL/EAP) instructors and curriculum‐level administrators at two Canadian universities relate to their understanding of fair work. These understandings are examined in a nested manner, in keeping with social positioning theory. Via discourse and thematic analysis of job advertisements and semi‐structured interviews, we illuminate aspects of the gigification of ESL/EAP in Canada, wherein ESL/EAP instructor work is increasingly rendered un(der)paid, constantly evaluated, surveilled, and precarious. Viewed through the lens of “magic time,” an infinite category of work time, we document the frustrations of ESL/EAP instructors who recognize their own exploitation. The relevance of this study is described in relation to the growing numbers of international students at English‐speaking universities throughout the world requiring a robust program infrastructure supporting their success, while the ESL/EAP instructors who provide these programs are increasingly made disposable through contingent employment relationships. The increasing reliance on contract professors teaching for‐credit courses in higher education has come to be known as adjunctification. In the noncredit, the more marginal context of ESL/EAP instructors subject to the forces of international student supply and demand, underpaid even by contract faculty standards, and engaged in often cutthroat competition for the few remaining contracts, we reference contextual differences by calling it gigification.
Temporal variation of 2‐MIB and geosmin production by Pseudanabaena galeata and Phormidium ambiguum exposed to high‐intensity light
Authors: Senavirathna Mudalige Don Hiranya Jayasanka , Jayasekara Mohoppu Arachchillage Dasun Dineka 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study demonstrated the temporal variation of 2‐methylisoborneol (2‐MIB) and geosmin (GSM) production of two filamentous cyanobacteria species Pseudanabaena galeata (NIES‐512; planktonic) and Phormidium ambiguum (NIES‐2119; benthic) exposed to high light intensity (950–1000 μmol m−2 s−1 photosynthetically active radiation). The production of 2‐MIB and GSM was quantified together with oxidative stress, chlorophyll content, and cellular protein content. The relative chlorophyll bleaching and cell degradations were compared through microscopic images. The 2‐MIB production of P. galeata increased by over 42 ± 17% on the second day of exposure and remained leveled through the exposure period. P. ambiguum showed a continuous increase of 2‐MIB until the 10th day, recording a 95 ± 4% increment. The GSM production was elevated until the fourth day of exposure by 46 ± 10% for P. galeata and by 74 ± 21% on the second day for P. ambiguum and reduced with prolonged exposure for both species. The chlorophyll content of P. galeata was reduced by 62 ± 7% on the second day, and that of P. ambiguum was reduced by 52 ± 9% on the fourth day and remained low. Protein and H2O2 contents of both species were changed inconsistently. Exposure to high‐intensity light can photobleach and deteriorate cells of both species, but elevations in odorous compounds can be expected.
Reproducibility of the 6-minute walk test in lung transplant recipients
Authors: Ebenbichler Gerold R. , Murakoezy Gabriella , Kohlmann Julia , Habenicht Richard , Kienbacher Thomas , Jaksch Peter , Mair Patrick , Hoetzenecker Konrad 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Purpose
There is reason to believe that the favorable measurement properties of the 6‑minute walk test (6MWT) reported for retest reliability and its capability to detect a true change in healthy individuals or persons with chronic respiratory disease may not apply to lung transplant recipients (LuTXr). We therefore investigated retest reliability of the 6MWT and, in addition, made an attempt to explore whether the 6MWT was sensitive enough to detect important changes that occur with postacute rehabilitation in LuTXr after first time LuTX.

Methods
Immediately before postacute rehabilitation, 50 LuTXr completed 6MWT testing twice, separated by 1–2 workdays (retest reliability), and were reassessed after completion of rehabilitation 2 months later (sensitivity to changes). Body function measures and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) assessments were collected at baseline.

Results
Baseline retest 6‑minute walk distance (6MWD) and the age-related predicted walking distance (6MWD%pred) scores significantly increased before postacute rehabilitation. The intraclass coefficient of correlation ICC of the 6MWD was 0.93 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.88–0.96) and its smallest real difference (SRD) 79 m (95% CI: 52;107). Receiver operating curve analyses revealed the rehabilitation associated changes in 6MWD/6MWD%pred to exceed the SRD/SRD% values in a highly accurate way.

Conclusion
The 6MWT overall represents a reliable functional performance tool in LuTXr that is sensitive to detect changes in physical performance as a result of medical postacute rehabilitation.
Possible new applications of the interactive programming based on aspiration levels—case of pure and mixed strategies
Authors: Gaspars-Wieloch Helena 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe interactive programming (IP) using aspiration levels is a well-known method applied to multi-criteria decision making under certainty (M-DMC). However, some essential analogies between M-DMC and scenario-based one-criterion decision making under uncertainty (1-DMU) have been recently revealed in the literature. These observations give the opportunity to adjust the IP to a totaly new issue. The goal of the paper is to create two novel procedures for uncertain problems on the basis of the IP ideas: the first one for pure strategy searching and the second for mixed strategy searching. In many ways, they allow a better consideration of the decision maker's preferences than classical decision rules. One of their significant advantages consists in analyzing particular scenarios sequentially. Another strong point is that the new procedures can be used by any kind of decision makers (optimists, moderate, pessimists). The new approaches may be helpful when solving problems under uncertainty with partially known probabilities. Both methods are illustrated in the paper on the basis of two fictitious decision problems concerning the choice of an optimal location and the optimization of the stock portfolio structure.
Linearized Boltzmann Collision Operator: I. Polyatomic Molecules Modeled by a Discrete Internal Energy Variable and Multicomponent Mixtures
Authors: Bernhoff Niclas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe linearized Boltzmann collision operator appears in many important applications of the Boltzmann equation. Therefore, knowing its main properties is of great interest. This work extends some classical results for the linearized Boltzmann collision operator for monatomic single species to the case of polyatomic single species, while also reviewing corresponding results for multicomponent mixtures of monatomic species. The polyatomicity is modeled by a discrete internal energy variable, that can take a finite number of (given) different values. Results concerning the linearized Boltzmann collision operator being a nonnegative symmetric operator with a finite-dimensional kernel are reviewed.A compactness result, saying that the linearized operator can be decomposed into a sum of a positive multiplication operator, the collision frequency, and a compact operator, bringing e.g., self-adjointness, is extended from the classical result for monatomic single species, under reasonable assumptions on the collision kernel. With a probabilistic formulation of the collision operator as a starting point, the compactness property is shown by a splitting, such that the terms can be shown to be, or be the uniform limit of, Hilbert-Schmidt integral operators and as such being compact operators. Moreover, bounds on - including coercivity of - the collision frequency are obtained for a hard sphere like model, from which Fredholmness of the linearized collision operator follows, as well as its domain.
A refined complexity analysis of fair districting over graphs
Authors: Boehmer Niclas , Koana Tomohiro , Niedermeier Rolf 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe study the NP-hard Fair Connected Districting problem recently proposed by Stoica et al. [AAMAS 2020]: Partition a vertex-colored graph into k connected components (subsequently referred to as districts) so that in every district the most frequent color occurs at most a given number of times more often than the second most frequent color. Fair Connected Districting is motivated by various real-world scenarios where agents of different types, which are one-to-one represented by nodes in a network, have to be partitioned into disjoint districts. Herein, one strives for “fair districts” without any type being in a dominating majority in any of the districts. This is to e.g. prevent segregation or political domination of some political party. We conduct a fine-grained analysis of the (parameterized) computational complexity of Fair Connected Districting. In particular, we prove that it is polynomial-time solvable on paths, cycles, stars, and caterpillars, but already becomes NP-hard on trees. Motivated by the latter negative result, we perform a parameterized complexity analysis with respect to various graph parameters including treewidth, and problem-specific parameters, including, the numbers of colors and districts. We obtain a rich and diverse, close to complete picture of the corresponding parameterized complexity landscape (that is, a classification along the complexity classes FPT, XP, W[1]-hard, and para-NP-hard).
Transparency against efficiency in uni/bifacial mesostructured-based solar cells for self-powered sensing applications
Authors: Mahran Abdelrahman M. , Abdellatif Sameh O. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLow-power IoT sensing applications have proliferated, focusing on self-powered sensors. Accordingly, researchers have investigated serval procedures for the power management of such self-powered sensors. Obesely, minimizing the energy consumed by the sensor is critical to efficient power management. However, another challenge is still considered in harvesting energy effectively. Herein, we provide an attempt to investigate light harvesters that are capable of semi-transparent applications. Six samples were simulated under three light sources while performing a unifacial and bifacial optical injection. The optoelectronic numerical model has shown the utility of perovskite solar cells to harvest the AM1.5G solar spectrum up to 28.63%, with transparency reaching 87%. On the other hand, the bifacial condition boosted the overall cell efficiency to nearly 33% with transparency of 90%, without considering Fresnel glass reflection of 8%. The proposed bifacial cell is a primary light-harvesting source for four IoT sensing applications, including biomedical sensing, underwater harvesting, and IoT sensing in intelligent vehicles and buildings.
Allocation of limited resources under quadratic constraints
Authors: Kicsiny Richárd , Hufnagel Levente , Varga Zoltán 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe proper allocation/distribution of limited resources is a traditional problem with various applications. The mathematical formulation of such problems usually includes constraints describing the set of feasible solutions (feasible set), from which the (nearly) optimal or equilibrium solution should be selected. Often the feasible set is more difficult to determine than to find the optimal or equilibrium solution. Alternatively, the already known feasible set often makes it easier to select the optimal or equilibrium solution. In some other cases, any feasible solutions are the same satisfactory, additional optimization is needless. Accordingly, the main or only task in many cases is to determine the feasible set itself. In the paper, a new theorem is proved for the explicit expression of properly assigned (dependent) variables by means of the other (independent) variables in a system of inequality and quadratic equality constraints. The sum of the (nonnegative) variables can be either prefixed or not. The constraints may describe the feasible set in various resource allocation tasks (possibly in optimization or game-theoretical contexts) or in other problems. Two new lemmas are proved for supporting the proof of the above mentioned theorem, nevertheless, they can also be considered independent results, which may help future mathematical derivations. Supported by a further new lemma, a practical algorithm is derived for assigning in a feasible way the independent variables, to which (possibly limited) arbitrary nonnegative values can be prescribed. Various practical examples are provided to facilitate utilizing the results.
Representative Participation in a Large-Scale Health IT Project
Authors: Zahlsen Øivind Klungseth , Svanæs Dag , Dahl Yngve 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUser involvement is widely recognized as best practice in the development of information technology (IT) systems. In large-scale IT projects, the involvement of users and other stakeholder groups is typically in the form of representatives, as opposed to the direct (in-person) participation characteristic for smaller projects. The potential new sharing of power that representative participation entails vis-à-vis direct stakeholder involvement, and the implications of such a shift, are an important discussion in the context of participatory design. This paper extends and adds to previous work on this subject. Drawing on stakeholder interviews conducted as part of a case study of an electronic health record implementation project in Norway, this paper seeks to describe and analyze problems that can arise with representative participation in a large-scale project. Our focus is on an observed decline of interaction between health professionals participating actively in the project and their advisory units consisting of colleagues without a formal project role. The paper describes how the project’s structural arrangements might explain this decline. The paper also describes how the participating health professionals’ involvement of the advisory units at regular intervals early in the project (broad involvement) was replaced by more ad hoc and competence-oriented approaches (narrow involvement). We further use the organizational structure of democracies as the basis for two analogies, (I) participants-as-political-representatives and (II) participants-as-technocrats. The observed decline in interaction between the participating health professionals and their advisory units can be seen as a transition in role from user representative to technocrat. Generalizing from the case, we suggest that (1) a project’s structure strongly affects the possibilities of participating users to consult other users (e.g., non-participating colleagues) about issues concerning the design solution, (2) a project’s structure conditions the role of participating users and who, or what, they represent, and (3) representative participation requires rethinking a project’s structure.
Emergency remote teaching technology and pedagogy at covid outbreak: different perspectives of students, parents, and teachers in Hong kong
Authors: Hau Kit-Tai , Wu Wen Jie , Chung Wing Tung , Chan Sze Ching , Ng Ming Ho 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith the COVID-19 outbreak, emergency remote teaching – an unprepared distant mode of education became the only possible alternative for schools. The present large-scale survey with 3,672 Grade 3 and 9 students, their parents, and 863 teachers/principals was conducted in the metropolitan city of Hong Kong after half a year of school lockdown. Results showed teachers, principals, and parents were worried about students’ inability to concentrate and learn without teachers’ explanations. In contrast, students, particularly younger ones, were less affected. They perceived their academic achievement was not worsened and they were more lively. Generally, lack of computers and stable internet was not seen as problems. Notably, socially disadvantaged students were not different in their perceived challenges, affects, life satisfaction, or perceived academic achievement. For cities with adequate provision of computers and internet facilities, the pandemic probably forced a positive and giant leap in using advanced technologies and pedagogies.
Does communicating within a team influence individuals’ reasoning and decisions?
Authors: Arad Ayala , Grubiak Kevin P. , Penczynski Stefan P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn recent years, experimental economics has seen a rise in the collection and analysis of choice-process data, such as team communication transcripts. The main purpose of this paper is to understand whether the collection of team communication data influences how individuals reason and behave as they enter the team deliberation process, i.e. before any communication exchange. Such an influence would imply that team setups have limited validity to speak to individual reasoning processes. Our treatment manipulations allow us to isolate the effects of (1) belonging to a team, (2) actively suggesting an action to the team partner, and (3) justifying the suggestion in a written text to the team partner. Across three different tasks, we find no systematic evidence of changed suggestions and altered individual sophistication due to changes in aspects (1)–(3) of our experimental design. We thus find no threat to said validity of team setups. In addition to investigating how the team setup affects individual behavior before communication, we also investigate the sophistication of decisions after the communication. We find that sophisticated strategies are more persuasive than unsophisticated strategies, especially when communication includes written justifications, thereby explaining why teams are more sophisticated and proving rich communication to be fruitful.
Two steps to high absolutive syntax: Austronesian voice and agent focus in Mandar
Authors: Brodkin Dan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe westernmost languages of the Austronesian family show verbal alternations that are traditionally referred to as avoicesystem. This paper investigates the syntax of the voice system in Mandar, a language of the South Sulawesi subfamily. It argues that this alternation tracks alternations in argument structure, determines patterns of Case-Licensing in thevoicep, and positions a single argument, the pivot, to raise to the highesta-position in the clause. The process that positions the pivot is decomposed into two steps: first, a process of Object Shift that moves definite arguments out of thevpand second, a process that places the pivot inspec,tpas the result of Case-Licensing byt0. Evidence for this analysis is drawn from contexts where the external argument undergoes$${\bar{\textsc {a}}}$$A¯-extraction and the internal argument is definite. In that context, the language employs a special construction which allows the external argument to be the pivot, allows the internal argument to undergo Object Shift, and provides the means to Case-License it within thevp. I refer to this construction as the Agent Focus and argue that it has a syntax similar to the analogous construction in the Mayan languages of the Q’anjob’alan subfamily.
Data Assimilation Predictive GAN (DA-PredGAN) Applied to a Spatio-Temporal Compartmental Model in Epidemiology
Authors: Silva Vinicius L. S. , Heaney Claire E. , Li Yaqi , Pain Christopher C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe propose a novel use of generative adversarial networks (GANs) (i) to make predictions in time (PredGAN) and (ii) to assimilate measurements (DA-PredGAN). In the latter case, we take advantage of the natural adjoint-like properties of generative models and the ability to simulate forwards and backwards in time. GANs have received much attention recently, after achieving excellent results for their generation of realistic-looking images. We wish to explore how this property translates to new applications in computational modelling and to exploit the adjoint-like properties for efficient data assimilation. We apply these methods to a compartmental model in epidemiology that is able to model space and time variations, and that mimics the spread of COVID-19 in an idealised town. To do this, the GAN is set within a reduced-order model, which uses a low-dimensional space for the spatial distribution of the simulation states. Then the GAN learns the evolution of the low-dimensional states over time. The results show that the proposed methods can accurately predict the evolution of the high-fidelity numerical simulation, and can efficiently assimilate observed data and determine the corresponding model parameters.
Faster randomized block sparse Kaczmarz by averaging
Authors: Tondji Lionel , Lorenz Dirk A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe standard randomized sparse Kaczmarz (RSK) method is an algorithm to compute sparse solutions of linear systems of equations and uses sequential updates, and thus, does not take advantage of parallel computations. In this work, we introduce a parallel (mini batch) version of RSK based on averaging several Kaczmarz steps. Naturally, this method allows for parallelization and we show that it can also leverage large overrelaxation. We prove linear expected convergence and show that, given that parallel computations can be exploited, the method provably provides faster convergence than the standard method. This method can also be viewed as a variant of the linearized Bregman algorithm, a randomized dual block coordinate descent update, a stochastic mirror descent update, or a relaxed version of RSK and we recover the standard RSK method when the batch size is equal to one. We also provide estimates for inconsistent systems and show that the iterates converges to an error in the order of the noise level. Finally, numerical examples illustrate the benefits of the new algorithm.
Can Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Systems Be a Game Changer in Cardiac Disease?
Authors: Okamura Akihiko , Yoshioka Yusuke , Saito Yoshihiko , Ochiya Takahiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCardiac diseases such as myocardial infarction and heart failure have been the leading cause of death worldwide for more than 20 years, and new treatments continue to be investigated. Heart transplantation, a curative treatment for severe cardiac dysfunction, is available to only a small number of patients due to the rarity of donors and high costs. Cardiac regenerative medicine using embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells is expected to be a new alternative to heart transplantation, but it has problems such as induction of immune response, tumor formation, and low survival rate of transplanted cells. On the other hand, there has been a focus on cell-free therapy using extracellular vesicles (EVs) due to their high biocompatibility and target specificity. Exosomes, one type of EV, play a role in the molecular transport system in vivo and can be considered a drug delivery system (DDS) innate to all living things. Exosomes contain nucleic acids and proteins, which are transported from secretory cells to recipient cells. Molecules in exosomes are encapsulated in a lipid bilayer, which allows them to exist stably in body fluids without being affected by nuclease degradation enzymes. Therefore, the therapeutic use of exosomes as DDSs has been widely explored and is being used in clinical trials and other clinical settings. This review summarizes the current topics of EVs as DDSs in cardiac disease.