bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strengthening the Civic Body as the Bandwidth for Optimised Emotion Expands
Authors: Bakir Vian , McStay Andrew 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis final chapter draws out more substantive answers to strengthen thecivic bodyagainst the harms arising from the optimisation of datafied emotion, as the bandwidth for the datafication, and optimisation, of emotion expands beyond web-based platforms to include bodies through biometrics. First, the chapter teases out core shifts discernable from a backward glance. This identifies that, while false information, emotion, profiling and targeting are hardly new phenomena in citizen-political communications, the scale of contemporary profiling is unprecedented. As such, a prime site of concern is the automated industrial psycho-physiological profiling of thecivic bodyto understand affect and infer emotion for the purposes of changing behaviour. Exploring this through three scenarios, the chapter looks to near-horizon futures. This is an important angle given the rapid onset, scale and nature of contemporary false information online, the rising tide of deployment of emotional analytics across all life contexts and the likely greater role that biometrics will play in everyday life. Peeking over the horizon line distils a core protective principle of protecting individual and collective mental integrity. This is necessary to strengthen thecivic bodyto withstand false information in a future where optimised emotion has become commonplace.
Priorities for Inclusive Urban Food System Transformations in the Global South
Authors: Moustier Paule , Holdsworth Michelle , Anh Dao The , Seck Pape Abdoulaye , Renting Henk , Caron Patrick , Bricas Nicolas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter is concerned with identifying: (i) challenges to food systems in Africa, Asia, and Latin America caused by urban development, (ii) how existing food systems respond to these challenges, and (iii) what can be done to improve their responsiveness. The chapter is based on the authors’ published research complemented by additional literature. We define ‘urban food systems’ as food systems linked to cities by material and human flows. Urbanisation poses challenges related to food and nutritional security with the co-existence of multiple forms of malnutrition (especially for women and children/adolescents), changing employment (including for women), and environmental protection. It is widely acknowledged that contemporary food systems respond differently to these challenges according to their traditional (small-scale, subsistence, informal) versus modern (large-scale, value-oriented, formal) characteristics. We go beyond this classification and propose six types of urban food system: subsistence, short relational, long relational, value-oriented small and medium enterprise (SME)-driven, value-oriented supermarket-driven, and digital. These correspond to different consumer food environments in terms of subsistence versus market orientation, access through retail markets, shops or supermarkets, diversity of food, prices and food quality attributes. Urban food supply chains differ not only in scale and technology, but also in the origin (rural, urban or imports) and perishability of food products. We stress the complementarity between short chains that supply many perishable and fresh food items (usually nutrient-dense) and long chains that involve collectors, wholesalers, retailers, storage and processing enterprises for many calorie-rich staple food commodities. More and more SMEs are upgrading their business through technologies, consumer orientation, and stakeholder coordination patterns, including food clusters and alliances.Urban food systems based on micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) have proven resilient in times of crisis (including in the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic). Rather than promoting the linear development of so-called ‘traditional’ towards ‘modern’ food systems, we propose seven sets of recommendations aimed at further upgrading MSME business, improving the affordability and accessibility of food to ensure food and nutritional security while accounting for the specificities of urban contexts of low- and middle-income countries.
The Vital Roles of Blue Foods in the Global Food System
Authors: Leape Jim , Micheli Fiorenza , Tigchelaar Michelle , Allison Edward H. , Basurto Xavier , Bennett Abigail , Bush Simon R. , Cao Ling , Crona Beatrice , DeClerck Fabrice , Fanzo Jessica , Gelcich Stefan , Gephart Jessica A. , Golden Christopher D. , Hicks Christina C. , Kishore Avinash , Koehn J. Zachary , Little David C. , Naylor Rosamond L. , Selig Elizabeth R. , Short Rebecca E. , Sumaila U. Rashid , Thilsted Shakuntala H. , Troell Max , Wabnitz Colette C. C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBlue foods play a central role in food and nutrition security for billions of people and are a cornerstone of the livelihoods, economies, and cultures of many coastal and riparian communities. Blue foods are extraordinarily diverse, are often rich in essential micronutrients and fatty acids, and can be produced in ways that are more environmentally sustainable than terrestrial animal-source foods. Yet, despite their unique value, blue foods have often been left out of food system analyses, discussions and solutions. Here, we focus on three imperatives for realizing the potential of blue foods: (1) Bring blue foods into the heart of food system decision-making; (2) Protect and develop the potential of blue foods to help end malnutrition; and (3) Support the central role of small-scale actors in fisheries and aquaculture.
Food System Innovations and Digital Technologies to Foster Productivity Growth and Rural Transformation
Authors: Benfica Rui , Chambers Judith , Koo Jawoo , Nin-Pratt Alejandro , Falck-Zepeda José , Stads Gert-Jan , Arndt Channing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter looks at food system innovations and digital technologies as important drivers of productivity growth and improved food and nutrition security. The analysis emphasizes a mix of research feasibility and technology-enabling policy factors necessary to realize pro-poor benefits. Given their transformative potential and the urgency of developing the enabling R&D and policy trajectories required for impact, we highlight genome editing bio-innovations, specifically CRISPR-Cas9, to address sustainable agricultural growth; and digital technologies, including remote sensing, connected sensors, artificial intelligence, digital advisory services, digital financial services, and e-commerce, to help guide the operations and decision-making of farmers, traders, and policymakers in agricultural value chains.The analysis points to the need to close critical gaps in R&D investments, capabilities, and enabling policies and regulations to accelerate the scaling and adoption of innovations. At the global level, the engagement of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with global players should be facilitated to strengthen intellectual property (IP) access and the management of innovations; and North–South, South–South, and triangular cooperation should be promoted to strengthen LMICs’ regulatory capabilities. At the national level, countries need to invest in science-based participatory approaches to identify and adapt technologies to local conditions; close regulatory gaps through evidence-based frameworks that enable the rapid development, deployment, and safe use of innovations; close institutional and human capacity gaps by addressing limitations in institutional capacities and coordination, while training a new generation of scientists with the skills needed to develop and deliver innovations; develop an understanding of political economy factors for a nuanced knowledge of actors’ agendas to better inform communications and address technology hesitancy; close digital infrastructure gaps in rural areas by promoting simultaneous investments in digital infrastructure and electrification, reducing data costs, and improving digital literacy; and develop sustainable business models for digital service providers to help them achieve profitability, interoperability, and scale to reach a sustainable critical mass, and thus facilitate the adoption of food system innovations.
Leveraging Data, Models & Farming Innovation to Prevent, Prepare for & Manage Pest Incursions: Delivering a Pest Risk Service for Low-Income Countries
Authors: Taylor Bryony , Tonnang Henri Edouard Zefack , Beale Tim , Holland William , Oronje MaryLucy , Abdel-Rahman Elfatih Mohamed , Onyango David , Finegold Cambria , Zhu Jessica , Pozzi Stefania , Murphy Sean T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGlobally, pests (invertebrates, vertebrates, pathogens, weeds) can cause estimated annual losses of between 20% and 40%, but higher losses are disproportionately experienced by many low-income countries, as agriculture is the mainstay of the majority of the people and of national economies. Pests pose a major barrier to these countries’ ability to meet the aims of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG2, “End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.” However, solutions, in the form of pest risk alert systems, coupled with major advances in technology, are now providing opportunities to overcome this barrier in low-income countries. In this paper, we review these systems and the advances in data availability, management and modeling and communication technology and illustrate how these can provide new and novel solutions for the development of agricultural pest and disease early warning and risk-mapping systems and contribute to improved food systems in low-income countries. In conclusion, we identify key areas for the UNFSS that will help guide governments in engaging with these developments.
Water for Food Systems and Nutrition
Authors: Ringler Claudia , Agbonlahor Mure , Baye Kaleab , Barron Jennie , Hafeez Mohsin , Lundqvist Jan , Meenakshi J. V. , Mehta Lyla , Mekonnen Dawit , Rojas-Ortuste Franz , Tankibayeva Aliya , Uhlenbrook Stefan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAccess to sufficient and clean freshwater is essential for all life. Water is also essential for the functioning of food systems: as a key input into food production, but also in processing and preparation, and as a food itself. Water scarcity and pollution are growing, affecting poorer populations most, and particularly food producers. Malnutrition levels are also on the rise, and this is closely linked to water scarcity. The achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2 and 6 are co-dependent. Solutions for jointly improving food systems and water security outcomes include: (1) strengthening efforts to retain water-based ecosystems and their functions; (2) improving agricultural water management for better diets for all; (3) reducing water and food losses beyond the farmgate; (4) coordinating water with nutrition and health interventions; (5) increasing the environmental sustainability of food systems; (6) explicitly addressing social inequities in water-nutrition linkages; and (7) improving data quality and monitoring for water-food system linkages, drawing on innovations in information and communications technology (ICT). Climate change and other environmental and societal changes make the implementation and scaling of solutions more urgent than ever.
The True Cost of Food: A Preliminary Assessment
Authors: Hendriks Sheryl , de Groot Ruiz Adrian , Acosta Mario Herrero , Baumers Hans , Galgani Pietro , Mason-D’Croz Daniel , Godde Cecile , Waha Katharina , Kanidou Dimitra , von Braun Joachim , Benitez Mauricio , Blanke Jennifer , Caron Patrick , Fanzo Jessica , Greb Friederike , Haddad Lawrence , Herforth Anna , Jordaan Danie , Masters William , Sadoff Claudia , Soussana Jean-François , Tirado Maria Cristina , Torero Maximo , Watkins Matthew 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEnsuring sustainable food systems requires vastly reducing their environmental and health costs while making healthy and sustainable food affordable to all. One of the central problems of current food systems is that many of the costs of harmful foods are externalized, i.e., are not reflected in market prices. At the same time, the benefits of healthful foods are not appreciated. Due to externalities, sustainable and healthy food is often less affordable to consumers and less profitable for businesses than unsustainable and unhealthy food. Externalities and other market failures lead to unintended consequences for present and future generations, destroying nature and perpetuating social injustices such as underpay for workers, food insecurity, illness, premature death and other harms. We urgently need to address the fundamental causes of these problems. This chapter sets out the results of an analysis to determine the current cost of externalities in food systems and the potential impact of a shift in diets to more healthy and sustainable production and consumption patterns. The current externalities were estimated to be almost double (19.8 trillion USD) the current total global food consumption (9 trillion USD). These externalities accrue from 7 trillion USD (range 4–11) in environmental costs, 11 trillion USD (range 3–39) in costs to human life and 1 trillion USD (range 0.2–1.7) in economic costs. This means that food is roughly a third cheaper than it would be if these externalities were included. More studies are needed to quantify the costs and benefits of food systems that would support a global shift to more sustainable and healthy diets. However, the evidence presented in this chapter points to the urgent need for a system reset to account for these ‘hidden costs’ in food systems and calls for bold actions to redefine the incentives for producing and consuming healthier and more sustainable diets. The first step to correct for these ‘hidden costs’ is to redefine the value of food through true-cost accounting (TCA) so as to address externalities and other market failures. TCA reveals the true value of food by making the benefits of affordable and healthy food visible and revealing the costs of damage to the environment and human health 3.
The Cost and Affordability of Preparing a Basic Meal Around the World
Authors: Masters William A. , Martinez Elena M. , Greb Friederike , Herforth Anna , Hendriks Sheryl L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAll countries have a rising burden of diet-related disease from the consumption of unhealthy foods. About three billion people around the world cannot afford the diverse foods needed for a healthy diet. This chapter aims to extend previous work on diet cost and affordability to address the hidden costs of meal preparation inside the home. Costs of a basic meal based on market prices for the most affordable items are estimated in 168 countries. Also, the hidden costs of meal preparation are considered, taking account of environmental or social externalities from the production and distribution of food, as well as the health externalities involved in food consumption. The data shown here reveal that even the simple raw ingredients for a basic plate are often unaffordable for the poorest, and the added cost of time and fuel can make such meals prohibitively expensive. Results suggest two main avenues for policy action. First, governments should use the information on the least costly way to meet dietary standards to inform poverty lines and provide targeted assistance so as to ensure that citizens can acquire safe and nutritious items in sufficient quantities for an active and healthy life, using locale-appropriate safety nets. Second, food policies should recognize the hidden costs of meal preparation that often put healthier, more sustainable diets out of reach. Overcoming the hidden barriers to preparation of healthy meals will require support for helpful forms of food processing that preserve or enhance nutritional values, while taking action to limit potentially harmful forms of ultra-processing associated with diet-related disease. Food-based safety nets and improvements in the food environment can make healthy diets affordable for all people at all times, to help every country reach global development goals.
Policy Options for Food System Transformation in Africa and the Role of Science, Technology and Innovation
Authors: Badiane Ousmane , Hendriks Sheryl L. , Glatzel Katrin , Abdelradi Fadi , Admassie Assefa , Adjaye John Asafu , Ayieko Miltone , Bekele Endashaw , Chaibi Thameur , Hassan Mohamed Hag Ali , Mbaye Mame Samba , Mengoub Fatima Ezzahra , Miano Douglas W. , Muyonga John H. , Olofinbiyi Tolulope , Ramadan Racha , Sibanda Simbarashe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs recognized by the Science, Technology and Innovation Strategy for Africa – 2024 (STISA-2024), science, technology and innovation (STI) offer many opportunities for addressing the main constraints to embracing transformation in Africa, while important lessons can be learned from successful interventions, including policy and institutional innovations, from those African countries that have already made significant progress towards food system transformation. This chapter identifies opportunities for African countries and the region to take proactive steps to harness the potential of the food and agriculture sector so as to ensure future food and nutrition security by applying STI solutions and by drawing on transformational policy and institutional innovations across the continent. Potential game-changing solutions and innovations for food system transformation serving people and ecology apply to (a) raising production efficiency and restoring and sustainably managing degraded resources; (b) finding innovation in the storage, processing and packaging of foods; (c) improving human nutrition and health; (d) addressing equity and vulnerability at the community and ecosystem levels; and (e) establishing preparedness and accountability systems. To be effective in these areas will require institutional coordination; clear, food safety and health-conscious regulatory environments; greater and timely access to information; and transparent monitoring and accountability systems.
Key Areas of the Agricultural Science Development in Russia in the Context of Global Trends and Challenges
Authors: Orlova Nadezhda , Serova Evgenia , Popov Vladimir , Petukhova Marina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe modern Russian agrifood industry is a steadily developing sector of the national economy. The production of a number of goods has reached historically high levels. Russia has a strong position in the export of agricultural raw material commodities, while the country remains dependent on imports from other countries. This chapter examines critical areas of scientific research in Russia that will create opportunities for increasing competitiveness in the transition of the world food systems from conventional agriculture to Agriculture 4.0. Science and technology-based innovations for transforming food systems in Russia include productivity growth through breeding technologies and improved genetics, in combination with technologies that will ensure optimal realization of this potential (feed additives, fertilizers, plant protection products, animal health, and other so-called “package” solutions). The introduction of digital technologies and cross-platform solutions in agriculture, to reduce the gaps in labor productivity, will increase overall productivity and reduce food losses. Diversification of food products includes priorities for high-margin segments of healthy, functional and personalized nutrition, and the deep processing of agricultural commodities. The paper explores closed farming systems (including “urban farming”) that are independent of external climatic and biological factors. Development of the agricultural waste recycling sector is a priority too. Russia lags behind its competitors in terms of the scientific quality of its production. This is due to a lack of efficiency in the financing of agricultural science, as well as an imbalance within its structure. An increasingly acute problem of the transition of Russian food systems to the innovative path is the reduction of human resources. This trend is typical both in the scientific sector, where it is expressed in a decrease in the number of researchers and an aging staff (which threatens the continuity in the established scientific schools and the viability of research teams) and in agriculture as a whole.
In the Age of Pandemics, Connecting Food Systems and Health: A Global One Health Approach
Authors: Bron Gebbiena M. , Siebenga J. Joukje , Fresco Louise O. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe health of people, the health of animals, including aquatic species and insects, the health of plants and the environment, including soils, are connected, and this is captured by the One Health approach. The Covid-19 pandemic has laid bare this interconnectedness. Zoonotic infectious disease spillover occurs most commonly where the agri-food system interfaces with natural ecosystems, as this is where humans, domesticated animals and wildlife interact. On the other hand, deficient human health adds to the favorable conditions for pathogen transmission. There are direct and indirect effects of pandemics on food systems and health; disease outbreaks disrupt overall mobility, the workforce and the supply chain. Such disruptions affect food security and, in many cases, workers’ income or the economic viability of businesses in the food system. In this chapter, we discuss the link between global food security and One Health, and how to prepare for, and minimize the chance of, future pandemics. Reducing the likelihood of spillover and onwards transmission risk of pathogens can be served through (i) reducing the need for natural habitat disruption, (ii) smart management of both sides of the interface between natural ecosystems and the agri-food system, and vigilance at the human-animal interface within the agri-food system, and (iii) improving overall human, animal and environmental health.
Science for Transformation of Food Systems: Opportunities for the UN Food Systems Summit
Authors: von Braun Joachim , Afsana Kaosar , Fresco Louise O. , Hassan Mohamed Hag Ali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractScience offers many important contributions to achieving the SDGs, of which we highlight two here: first, science generates the basic inputs for innovations, i.e., policy and institutional innovations (including social and business innovations), as well as technology-based innovations to catalyze, support, and accelerate food system transformation; and second, science scrutinizes actions, i.e., assessing ambitions, targets and actions along pathways towards reaching them, for instance, through quantitative analyses and food system modeling. Seven science-driven innovations are elaborated in this chapter, each with some concrete examples. We stress that policy innovations, institutional innovations, and technology innovations are closely connected and actually need to be pursued in an integrated approach. Without accelerated interdisciplinary food system science, the necessary innovations for a sustainable food system will not be achieved. We note the need for systems innovations rather than only single-issue innovations, and call on the science communities to commit to enhanced collaboration among all relevant different disciplines of sciences for this purpose. Moreover, science is not naïve vis á vis power relations: social sciences explicitly uncover them and must identify options for innovations that help to overcome adverse effects. Food system science and food system policy need a stronger framework for constructive and evidence-based interaction for moving ahead. We call upon governments and UN agencies to initiate a process to explore options – existing as well as new – for a strengthened global science-policy interface for a sustainable food system.