bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mood changes and clinical decision making in adolescent patients on isotretinoin therapy for acne vulgaris
Authors: Gradwohl Kelsey , Verghese Michelle , Rosenblatt Adena E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlthough numerous studies have demonstrated no causal relationship between isotretinoin and depression or suicide, subtle mood changes and idiosyncratic mood symptoms have been reported in patients on isotretinoin treatment for acne vulgaris, and few studies have described the full range of mood symptoms and clinical course after a mood change arises. We reviewed 247 patients, ages 10–25 years, with acne vulgaris on isotretinoin and found that 26/247 (10.5%) patients experienced mood changes, the most common being depressive symptoms, anxiety, aggression, and emotional lability. Regardless of treatment management, 22/25 (88%) patients experienced improvement of mood symptoms to baseline, and 22/25 (88%) were able to complete their isotretinoin course without symptom recurrence. Our findings highlight the importance of monitoring for a broad range of mood changes in patients on isotretinoin, especially those related to a pre‐existing mood disorder and including those which do not meet formal criteria for a psychiatric disorder.
Analysis of related factors affecting hemoporfin‐mediated photodynamic therapy for port‐wine stain: A retrospective study
Authors: Chen Jiajie , Gui Yu , Wang Sun , Huang Dawei , Lyu Jiajie , Cheng Hui , Ding Yantao , Zhang Huabing , Liu Shengxiu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundHemoporfin‐mediated photodynamic therapy (HMME‐PDT) is currently considered one of the most promising therapies for port‐wine stain (PWS). However, the efficacy of this is very variable and needs further studies.MethodsA total of 101 patients with PWS in the face, neck, or extremities who received at least 2 HMME‐PDT sessions were included in the study, and correlations of efficacy with age, gender, locations, treatment sessions, and PDL treatment history were analyzed.ResultsThe efficacy of HMME‐PDT in patients with different ages, locations, and different numbers of prior PDL treatment showed constantly significant differences after 1/2/last session (p < .05). The number of treatments was associated with efficacy, and patients who received more than two sessions had a better response than those who underwent two sessions only (p < .001). Ordinal logistic regression analysis confirmed the above‐mentioned associations. Nevertheless, patients of different sex, subtype, and lesion size showed no significant differences.ConclusionsOur studies demonstrated that HMME‐PDT is effective in the treatment of PWS. The more prior PDL treatments, older age, lips involvement, PWS on limbs were adverse factors for Hemoporfin‐PDT, while multiple HMME‐PDT sessions can improve effective and response rate. Besides, ambient temperature and lesions temperature should be concerned, local cooling provides some relief from pain but may influence effect.
Building a resilient pork supply chain toSalmonellaspp
Authors: Mu Wenjuan , van Asselt Esther , van Wagenberg Coen , van der Fels‐Klerx H. J 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSalmonellaspp. control in pork supply chains has always been a challenging issue and insufficient control can lead to high social and economic consequences. Conventional risk management and risk management approaches and models are not sufficient to address potential food safety shocks caused bySalmonellaspp., as they mainly focus on assessing measures to reduceSalmonellaspp. risks instead of developing the resilience capability (e.g., flexibility to adapt to sudden changes in the risks). Our study is the first that incorporated the resilience concept to the quantitative modeling ofSalmonellaspp. spread in the pork supply chain. The objective of this study was to explore the resilience performance of the pork supply chain under different food safety shocks caused bySalmonellaspp., and to investigate the effectiveness of interventions on reducing the impact of these shocks on the resilience performance of the chain. Scenario analysis indicated that the effectiveness of the investigated resilience strategies or interventions depended on the risk profile (i.e., default, minimum, maximum level ofSalmonellaspp. contamination) of the pork supply chain. For pork supply chains with minimum and default risk profiles, more attention should be paid to increasing resilience of pigs towardsSalmonellaspp. infection. For supply chains with maximum risk profile, the focus should be on improving the performance of the slaughterhouse, such as careful evisceration, logistic slaughtering. To conclude, enhancing resilience performance of the pork supply chain can contribute to a safe pork supply.
Virtual reality informs clinical observation tool
Authors: Real Francis J. , DeBlasio Dominick , Ollberding Nicholas J. , Sikora Kimberley , Herbst Rachel , Whitehead Monica , Rosen Brittany L. , Meisman Andrea , Crosby Lori E. , Klein Melissa D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAssessing trainees' skills via workplace‐based assessments is challenging given the lack of psychometrically valid instruments. Our team previously developed an observation instrument to assess residents' competencies in behavioral health anticipatory guidance (BHAG) and motivational interviewing (MI) though its reliable usage required expert raters (e.g., paediatric psychologists). Our purpose was to establish validity evidence for a modified tool for clinicians.ApproachThis study utilised data from a prior educational trial of a virtual reality (VR)‐based behavioural health curriculum for paediatric residents. First, group interviews were conducted with clinicians to modify the expert instrument. Next, recorded VR simulations (n = 10) were scored to assess interrater reliability between clinicians. Finally, a physician used the tool to assess its ability to discriminate between residents' skill levels (n = 55).EvaluationModifications during group interviews included a change from frequency counts for items related to MI to the binary outcome of present/absent and the addition of an entrustment item. On interrater‐reliability testing, the clinician tool demonstrated mostly substantial or near perfect agreement for items related to BHAG. MI items demonstrated a range of agreement. Using 55 recorded VR simulations, the clinician tool discriminated between trained versus untrained residents in BHAG skills (p = 0.002) and level of entrustment (p = 0.001). Differences between groups in MI adherence was not statistically significant (p = 0.095) as it was on the expert instrument.ImplicationsVR demonstrated potential as a novel approach for obtaining validity evidence for tool development to support workplace‐based assessments. Further work assessing usage of the clinician tool in real‐world settings is warranted.
Elongated galactan side chains mediate cellulose–pectin interactions in engineered Arabidopsis secondary cell walls
Authors: Gao Yu , Lipton Andrew S. , Munson Coyla R. , Ma Yingxuan , Johnson Kim L. , Murray Dylan T. , Scheller Henrik V. , Mortimer Jenny C. 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYThe plant secondary cell wall is a thickened matrix of polysaccharides and lignin deposited at the cessation of growth in some cells. It forms the majority of carbon in lignocellulosic biomass, and it is an abundant and renewable source for forage, fiber, materials, fuels, and bioproducts. The complex structure and arrangement of the cell wall polymers mean that the carbon is difficult to access in an economical and sustainable way. One solution is to alter the cell wall polymer structure so that it is more suited to downstream processing. However, it remains difficult to predict what the effects of this engineering will be on the assembly, architecture, and properties of the cell wall. Here, we make use of Arabidopsis plants expressing a suite of genes to increase pectic galactan chain length in the secondary cell wall. Using multi‐dimensional solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance, we show that increasing galactan chain length enhances pectin–cellulose spatial contacts and increases cellulose crystallinity. We also found that the increased galactan content leads to fewer spatial contacts of cellulose with xyloglucan and the backbone of pectin. Hence, we propose that the elongated galactan side chains compete with xyloglucan and the pectic backbone for cellulose interactions. Due to the galactan topology, this may result in comparatively weak interactions and disrupt the cell wall architecture. Therefore, introduction of this strategy into trees or other bioenergy crops would benefit from cell‐specific expression strategies to avoid negative effects on plant growth.
Carotid body hypersensitivity in intermittent hypoxia and obtructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Prabhakar Nanduri R. , Peng Ying‐Jie , Nanduri Jayasri 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCarotid bodies are the principal sensory organs for detecting changes in arterial blood oxygen concentration, and the carotid body chemoreflex is a major regulator of the sympathetic tone, blood pressure and breathing. Intermittent hypoxia is a hallmark manifestation of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), which is a widespread respiratory disorder. In the first part of this review, we discuss the role of carotid bodies in heightened sympathetic tone and hypertension in rodents treated with intermittent hypoxia, and the underlying cellular, molecular and epigenetic mechanisms. We also present evidence for hitherto‐uncharacterized role of carotid body afferents in triggering cellular and molecular changes induced by intermittent hypoxia. In the second part of the review, we present evidence for a contribution of a hypersensitive carotid body to OSA and potential therapeutic intervention to mitigate OSA in a murine model.
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Using Video Cameras as a Research Tool in Public Spaces: Addressing Ethical and Information Governance Challenges Under Data Protection Legislation
Authors: Benton Jack S. , Evans James , Mourby Miranda , Elliot Mark J. , Anderson Jamie , Hipp J. Aaron , French David P. 
Published: April 2023

Systematic observation is a promising unobtrusive method of assessing human behavior in urban environments without many issues typically associated with self-report measures (e.g., recall bias, low response rates). Improvements in video camera technologies make it more feasible for researchers to conduct systematic observation, which could reduce the time, labor, and cost to facilitate high-quality observational research in urban environments at scale. However, there are important ethical and information governance challenges driven by data protection laws, which discourage many researchers from using camera-based observation methods. The European Union General Data Protection Regulation is a leading global standard for data protection. Drawing on our experiences of conducting three studies using video cameras in public spaces, we discuss how to conduct this kind of research in line with General Data Protection Regulation requirements. The paper outlines issues concerning data protection, privacy, informed consent, and confidentiality, and how we addressed them. In doing this, the paper provides support for responsible use of camera-based observation methods, which will be of value to researchers, ethics committees, and funders. Outlining how to use video cameras responsibly will enable more research to be conducted that, in turn, will build the case for its benefits to researchers and society.
Battling against the great disruption to surgical care in a pandemic: experiences of 11 South and Southeast Asian countries
Authors: Huang Wenya Naomi , Xin Xiaohui , Rao Vijaya , Wong Ting Hway , Chow Pierce , Tan Hiang Khoon 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesThe majority of the cancelled elective surgeries caused by the COVID-19 pandemic globally were estimated to occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where surgical services had long been in short supply even before the pandemic. Therefore, minimising disruption to existing surgical care in LMICs is of crucial importance during a pandemic. This study aimed to explore contributory factors to the continuity of surgical care in LMICs in the face of a pandemic.DesignSemistructured interviews were conducted over zoom with surgical leaders of 25 tertiary hospitals from 11 LMICs in South and Southeast Asia in September to October 2020. Key themes were subsequently identified from the interview transcripts using the Braun and Clarke’s method of thematic analysis.ResultsThe COVID-19 pandemic affected all surgical services of participating institutions to varying degrees. Overall, elective surgeries suffered the gravest disruption, followed by outpatient surgical care, and finally emergency surgeries. Keeping healthcare workers safe and striving for continuity of essential surgical care emerged as notable response strategies observed across all participating institutions.ConclusionThis study suggested that four factors are important for the resilience of surgical care against COVID-19: adequate COVID-19 testing capacity and effective institutional infection control measures, designated COVID-19 treatment facilities, whole-system approach to balancing pandemic response and meeting essential surgical needs, and active community engagement. These findings can inform healthcare institutions in other countries, especially LMICs, in their effort to tread a fine line between preserving healthcare capacity for pandemic response and protecting surgical services against pandemic disruption.
One-year major adverse cardiovascular events among same-day discharged patients after primary percutaneous coronary intervention at a tertiary care cardiac centre in Karachi, Pakistan: a prospective observational study
Authors: Shah Jehangir Ali , Kumar Rajesh , Solangi Bashir Ahmed , Khan Kamran Ahmed , Ahmed Tarique , Khowaja Sanam , Ali Gulzar , Zehra Mehwish , Sial Jawaid Akbar , Karim Musa , Saghir Tahir , Qamar Nadeem 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveKnowledge regarding the short-term outcomes after same-day discharge (SDD) post primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is lacking. In this study, we evaluated 1-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among SDD patients after primary PCI.Design1-year follow-up analysis of a subset of patients from an existing prospective cohort study.SettingTertiary care cardiac hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.ParticipantsConsecutive patients, from August 2019 to July 2020, with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction who had undergone primary PCI with SDD (within 24 hours) after the procedure by the treating physician and with at least one successful follow-up up to 1 year.Outcome measureCumulative MACE during follow-up at the intervals of 1 week, 1 month, 6 months and 1 year.Results489 patients were included, with a gender distribution of 83.2% (407) male patients and a mean age of 54.58±10.85 years. Overall MACE rate during the mean follow-up duration of 326.98±76.71 days was 10.8% (53), out of which 26.4% (14/53) events occurred within 6 months of discharge and the remaining 73.6% (39/53) occurred between 6 months and 1 year. MACE was significantly higher among patients with a Zwolle Risk Score (ZRS) ≥4 at baseline, with an incidence rate of 21.9% (16/73) vs 8.9% (37/416; p=0.001) in patients with ZRS≤3 (relative risk 2.88 (95% CI 1.5 to 5.5)).ConclusionA significant burden of short-term MACE was identified among SDD patients after primary PCI; most of these events occurred after 6 months of SDD, mainly among patients with ZRS≥4. A systematic risk assessment based on risk stratification modalities such ZRS could be a viable option for SDD patients with primary PCI.
National trends in the outcomes of subarachnoid haemorrhage and the prognostic influence of stroke centre capability in Japan: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kurogi Ryota , Kada Akiko , Ogasawara Kuniaki , Nishimura Kunihiro , Kitazono Takanari , Iwama Toru , Matsumaru Yuji , Sakai Nobuyuki , Shiokawa Yoshiaki , Miyachi Shigeru , Kuroda Satoshi , Shimizu Hiroaki , Yoshimura Shinichi , Osato Toshiaki , Horie Nobutaka , Nagata Izumi , Nozaki Kazuhiko , Date Isao , Hashimoto Yoichiro , Hoshino Haruhiko , Nakase Hiroyuki , Kataoka Hiroharu , Ohta Tsuyoshi , Fukuda Hitoshi , Tamiya Nanako , Kurogi AI , Ren Nice , Nishimura Ataru , Arimura Koichi , Shimogawa Takafumi , Yoshimoto Koji , Onozuka Daisuke , Ogata Soshiro , Hagihara Akihito , Saito Nobuhito , Arai Hajime , Miyamoto Susumu , Tominaga Teiji , Iihara Koji 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesTo examine the national, 6-year trends in in-hospital clinical outcomes of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) who underwent clipping or coiling and the prognostic influence of temporal trends in the Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC) capabilities on patient outcomes in Japan.DesignRetrospective study.SettingSix hundred and thirty-one primary care institutions in Japan.ParticipantsForty-five thousand and eleven patients with SAH who were urgently hospitalised, identified using the J-ASPECT Diagnosis Procedure Combination database.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAnnual number of patients with SAH who remained untreated, or who received clipping or coiling, in-hospital mortality and poor functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale: 3–6) at discharge. Each CSC was assessed using a validated scoring system (CSC score: 1–25 points).ResultsIn the overall cohort, in-hospital mortality decreased (year for trend, OR (95% CI): 0.97 (0.96 to 0.99)), while the proportion of poor functional outcomes remained unchanged (1.00 (0.98 to 1.02)). The proportion of patients who underwent clipping gradually decreased from 46.6% to 38.5%, while that of those who received coiling and those left untreated gradually increased from 16.9% to 22.6% and 35.4% to 38%, respectively. In-hospital mortality of coiled (0.94 (0.89 to 0.98)) and untreated (0.93 (0.90 to 0.96)) patients decreased, whereas that of clipped patients remained stable. CSC score improvement was associated with increased use of coiling (per 1-point increase, 1.14 (1.08 to 1.20)) but not with short-term patient outcomes regardless of treatment modality.ConclusionsThe 6-year trends indicated lower in-hospital mortality for patients with SAH (attributable to better outcomes), increased use of coiling and multidisciplinary care for untreated patients. Further increasing CSC capabilities may improve overall outcomes, mainly by increasing the use of coiling. Additional studies are necessary to determine the effect of confounders such as aneurysm complexity on outcomes of clipped patients in the modern endovascular era.
Searches for heavy neutrinos at multi-TeV muon collider: a resonant leptogenesis perspective
Authors: Chakraborty Indrani , Roy Himadri , Srivastava Tripurari 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, the Standard Model (SM) is extended with two right-handed (RH) neutrinos and two singlet neutral fermions to yield active neutrino masses via (2,2) inverse see-saw mechanism. We first validate the multi-dimensional model parameter space with neutrino oscillation data, obeying the experimental bounds coming from the lepton flavor violating (LFV) decays: $$\mu \rightarrow e \gamma ,~ \tau \rightarrow e \gamma , ~ \tau \rightarrow \mu \gamma $$

μ
→
e
γ
,

τ
→
e
γ
,

τ
→
μ
γ

. Besides we also search for the portion of the parameter space which yield the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe via resonant leptogenesis. Further, we pick up a few benchmark points from the aforementioned parameter space with TeV scale heavy neutrinos and perform an exhaustive collider analysis of the final states: $$2l + E_T \!\!\!\!\!\!/\;\,$$

2
l
+

E
T

/

and $$1\,l + 2j + \not \! E_T $$

1

l
+
2
j
+

⧸

E
T

in multi-TeV muon collider.
Einstein-Rosen bridge from the minimal length
Authors: Jusufi Kimet , Moulay Emmanuel , Mureika Jonas , Ali Ahmed Farag 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe use a string T-duality corrected pair of regular black holes to construct an Einstein-Rosen (ER) bridge with the wormhole throat proportional to the zero-point (Planck) length. This may be a geometric realization of quantum entanglement for particle/antiparticle pairs. We point out that for an extreme mass configuration consisting of a black hole pair, one can have an ER bridge with a horizon area that coincides with the Bekenstein minimal area bound along with a wormhole mass proportional to the Planck mass. This could be related to gravitational self-completeness with quantum mechanical mass limits. We also discuss the ER bridge for sub-Planckian mass horizonless wormholes and show this admits a region of negative energy at the throat, which we posit to be related to a particle of negative mass generated by quantum fluctuations or the Casimir effect. We argue that Hawking radiation could be the best way for the geometric realization of quantum entanglement for particle/antiparticle pairs emitted by black holes. This sheds new light on the ER=EPR conjecture.
Dimensional reduction of the Dirac equation in arbitrary spatial dimensions
Authors: Lonigro Davide , Maggi Rocco , Angelone Giuliano , Ercolessi Elisa , Facchi Paolo , Marmo Giuseppe , Pascazio Saverio , Pepe Francesco V. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe investigate the general properties of the dimensional reduction of the Dirac theory, formulated in a Minkowski spacetime with an arbitrary number of spatial dimensions. This is done by applying Hadamard’s method of descent, which consists in conceiving low-dimensional theories as a specialization of high-dimensional ones that are uniform along the additional space coordinate. We show that the Dirac equation reduces to either a single Dirac equation or two decoupled Dirac equations, depending on whether the higher-dimensional manifold has even or odd spatial dimensions, respectively. Furthermore, we construct and discuss an explicit hierarchy of representations in which this procedure becomes manifest and can easily be iterated.