bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of physical activity domains and muscle strength exercise with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a nation-wide cohort study
Authors: Park Yewan , Sinn Dong Hyun , Kim Kyunga , Gwak Geum-Youn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIt is unclear if various types and domains of exercise have an identical effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Thus, this study aimed to investigate associations of different physical activity domains and muscle strength exercise with NAFLD using a nation-wide cohort database. Adults aged 20–79 years who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2014 and 2018 were analyzed. Hepatic steatosis index was used to identify NAFLD. Physical activity was assessed with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Of 21,015 participants, 4942 (23.5%) had NAFLD. Participants with ≥ 150 min/week of total physical activity had a lower risk of NAFLD than those with < 150 min/week (the fully adjusted OR: 0.86, 95% CI 0.78–0.95). When the individual domain of physical activity was assessed, ≥ 150 min/week of recreation activity was associated with a reduced risk of NAFLD (OR: 0.77, 95% CI 0.67–0.88), whereas ≥ 150 min/week of travel or work activity was not. The fully adjusted OR for NAFLD comparing participants with ≥ 2/week to those with < 2/week of muscle strength exercise was 0.83 (95% CI 0.73–0.94). Muscle strength exercise ≥ 2/week showed a lower risk of NAFLD for all levels of total and each specific domains of physical activity except for ≥ 150 min/week of work activity. An increased level of physical activity and muscle strength exercise was associated with a reduced risk of NAFLD, albeit the effect varied depending on domains of physical activity. Thus, physical activity should be differentiated by domains for the management of NAFLD. Muscle strength exercise could also be a good option for individuals who could not perform moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.
Differentiation of patient-specific void urine-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells to fibroblasts and skeletal muscle myocytes
Authors: Kibschull M. , Nguyen T. T. N. , Chow T. , Alarab M. , Lye S. J. , Rogers I. , Shynlova O. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCell-based therapy is a major focus for treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). However, derivation of primary cells requires tissue biopsies, which often have adverse effects on patients. A recent study used human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived smooth muscle myocytes for urethral sphincter regeneration in rats. Here, we establish a workflow using iPSC-derived fibroblasts and skeletal myocytes for urethral tissue regeneration: (1) Cells from voided urine of women were reprogrammed into iPSC. (2) The iPSC line U1 and hESC line H9 (control) were differentiated into fibroblasts expressing FSP1, TE7, vinculin, vimentin, αSMA, fibronectin and paxillin. (3) Myogenic differentiation of U1 and H9 was induced by small molecule CHIR99021 and confirmed by protein expression of myogenic factors PAX7, MYOD, MYOG, and MF20. Striated muscle cells enriched by FACS expressed NCAM1, TITIN, DESMIN, TNNT3. (4) Human iPSC-derived fibroblasts and myocytes were engrafted into the periurethral region of RNU rats. Injected cells were labelled with ferric nanoparticles and traced by Prussian Blue stain, human-specific nuclear protein KU80, and human anti-mitochondria antibody. This workflow allows the scalable derivation, culture, and in vivo tracing of patient-specific fibroblasts and myocytes, which can be assessed in rat SUI models to regenerate urethral damages and restore continence.
Structural finite element model updating considering soil-structure interaction using ls-dyna in loop
Authors: Park Gun , Jung Jongwon , Yoon Hyungchul 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, a finite element model updating method which can consider soil-structure interaction was developed to analyze the effect of soil properties on the structural response while considering interaction between the soil and the structure. Additionally, LS-DYNA, a commercial finite element program, was included in the loop of the proposed technique using MATLAB to conveniently utilize the complex structures updated by the model. To validate the performance of the proposed method, a large-scale shake table test was conducted. The objective of the validation test was to seek how accurately the proposed model updating method can detect the change in the stiffness. To compare the result of the proposed method with the conventional method, the model updating procedure was conducted with and without considering soil-structure interaction. The proposed finite element model updating method which considers the soil-structure interaction estimated the stiffness of the structure with maximum accuracy of 91%, while the conventional finite element model updating without considering the soil-structure interaction showed maximum accuracy of 88%. By comparing the proposed method with the conventional method without considering the soil-structure interaction, it was confirmed that the proposed method had an 3% higher accuracy on average.
Modelling the impact of stigmatisation of Ebola survivors on the disease transmission dynamics
Authors: Juga M. , Nyabadza F. , Chirove F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEbola virus disease (EVD) is one of the most highly stigmatised diseases in any affected country because of the disease’s high infectivity and case fatality rate. Infected individuals and most especially survivors are often stigmatised by their communities for fear of contagion. We propose and analyse a mathematical model to examine the impact of stigmatisation of Ebola survivors on the disease dynamics. The model captures both the internal stigmatisation experienced by infected individuals after witnessing survivors being stigmatised and the external stigmatisation imposed on survivors by their communities. The results obtained from our analysis and simulations show that both internal and external stigma may lead to an increase in the burden of Ebola virus disease by sustaining the number of infected individuals who hide their infection and the number of unsafe burials of deceased Ebola victims. Strategies that seek to put an end to both forms of stigmatisation and promote safe burials will therefore go a long way in averting the EVD burden.
Study of solid loading of feedstock using trimodal iron powders for extrusion based additive manufacturing
Authors: Oh Heungseok , Im Taehyeob , Pyo Jungsuk , Lee Jai-sung , Lee Caroline Sunyong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVolume loading of feedstock using trimodal iron (Fe) powders was investigated for the application of extrusion-based additive manufacturing (AM). Fe trimodal powder composed of nano, sub-nano, and micro particles was manufactured via the powder metallurgy process where small particles behave as rolling bearings among large particles, and thereby improving the flow characteristics of feedstock by minimizing friction among the particles. The flow behavior and microstructures of the monomodal feedstock were compared with those of the trimodal feedstock. We have confirmed that the critical powder loading of monomodal powder was measured to be 70 vol.% while trimodal powder showed up to 74 vol.%. Furthermore, trimodal feedstocks of 60, 65, 70, 75, and 80 vol.% Fe powder were prepared to determine the optimal powder content for sintering. As a result, the feedstock with powder content of 70 vol.% gave the highest sintered density of 92.32%, the highest Vickers hardness of 80.67 HV, with the smallest dimensional variation in shrinkage, proposing 70 vol.% of trimodal feedstock to be the suitable powder content for AM. Finally, its microstructural and mechanical comparison with 70 vol.% sintered part using monomodal Fe powder, showed that the sintered part using trimodal feedstock displayed higher hardness, uniform shrinkage as well as smaller grain size, confirming trimodal feedstock to be favorable for the application of extrusion-based AM.
Development of a comfort suit-type soft-wearable robot with flexible artificial muscles for walking assistance
Authors: Piao Jiaoli , Kim Minseo , Kim Jeesoo , Kim Changhwan , Han Seunghee , Back Inryeol , Koh Je-sung , Koo Sumin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAnchoring components are added to wearable robots to ensure a stable interaction between the suits and the human body and to minimize the displacement of the suits. However, these components can apply pressure to the body and can cause user dissatisfaction, which can decrease willingness to use the suits. Therefore, this study aims to develop a suit-type soft-wearable robot platform for walking assistance by providing comfortable garment pressure to ensure user satisfaction. The first prototype of a wearable robot suit was developed with anchoring components on the shoulders, waist, and thighs based on previous research results. Wear tests were conducted to measure garment pressure depending on posture using pressure sensors, and satisfaction surveys were conducted. The second prototype design was then developed, and performance tests with flexible artificial muscles and a satisfaction survey were conducted. Regarding the first prototype, the participants felt more than normal pressure in the shoulders and relatively less pressure in the thighs and calves. Thus, compared to the first design, the second design ensured a decreased garment pressure and resulted in an improvement of overall user satisfaction. These results can help provide guidance in the development of wearable robots by taking pressure comfort and user satisfaction into consideration.
Analysis of gadolinium oxide using microwave-enhanced fiber-coupled micro-laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Ikeda Yuji , Soriano Joey Kim , Ohba Hironori , Wakaida Ikuo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe report on the analysis of pure gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) and its detection when mixed in surrogate nuclear debris using microwave-enhanced fiber-coupled micro-laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (MWE-FC-MLIBS). The target application is remote analysis of nuclear debris containing uranium (U) inside the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. The surrogate nuclear debris used in this study contained gadolinium (Gd), cerium (Ce), zirconium (Zr), and iron (Fe). Ce is a surrogate for U, and Gd2O3 is an excellent hazard index because it is incorporated into some fuel rods. Gd detection is essential for assessing debris prior to the retrieval process. Surrogate debris was ablated by an 849 ps 1064 nm micro-laser under atmospheric pressure conditions while a helical antenna propagated 2.45 GHz 1.0 kW microwaves for 1.0 ms into the laser ablation, which was then characterized by a high-speed camera and high-resolution spectrometers. The results showed that microwave-induced plasma expansion led to enhanced emission signals of Gd I, Zr I, Fe I, Ce I, and Ce II. No self-absorption of Gd emissions was evident from the detection limit calibration graphs. Moreover, microwave irradiation decreased the standard deviations of the Gd and Ce emissions and lowered the Gd detection limit by 60%.
Pediatric-type high-grade neuroepithelial tumors with CIC gene fusion share a common DNA methylation signature
Authors: Sievers Philipp , Sill Martin , Schrimpf Daniel , Abdullaev Zied , Donson Andrew M. , Lake Jessica A. , Friedel Dennis , Scheie David , Tynninen Olli , Rauramaa Tuomas , Vepsäläinen Kaisa L. , Samuel David , Chapman Rebecca , Grundy Richard G. , Pajtler Kristian W. , Tauziède-Espariat Arnault , Métais Alice , Varlet Pascale , Snuderl Matija , Jacques Thomas S. , Aldape Kenneth , Reuss David E. , Korshunov Andrey , Wick Wolfgang , Pfister Stefan M. , von Deimling Andreas , Sahm Felix , Jones David T. W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPediatric neoplasms in the central nervous system (CNS) show extensive clinical and molecular heterogeneity and are fundamentally different from those occurring in adults. Molecular genetic testing contributes to accurate diagnosis and enables an optimal clinical management of affected children. Here, we investigated a rare, molecularly distinct type of pediatric high-grade neuroepithelial tumor (n = 18), that was identified through unsupervised visualization of genome-wide DNA methylation array data, together with copy number profiling, targeted next-generation DNA sequencing, and RNA transcriptome sequencing. DNA and/or RNA sequencing revealed recurrent fusions involving thecapicua transcriptional repressor(CIC) gene in 10/10 tumor samples analyzed, with the most common fusion beingCIC::LEUTX(n = 9). In addition, aCIC::NUTM1fusion was detected in one of the tumors. Apart from the detected fusion events, no additional oncogenic alteration was identified in these tumors. The histopathological review demonstrated a morphologically heterogeneous group of high-grade neuroepithelial tumors with positive immunostaining for markers of glial differentiation in combination with weak and focal expression of synaptophysin, CD56 and CD99. All tumors were located in the supratentorial compartment, occurred during childhood (median age 8.5 years) and typically showed early relapses. In summary, we expand the spectrum of pediatric-type tumors of the CNS by reporting a previously uncharacterized group of rare high-grade neuroepithelial tumors that share a common DNA methylation signature and recurrent gene fusions involving the transcriptional repressorCIC. Downstream functional consequences of the fusion proteinCIC::LEUTXand potential therapeutic implications need to be further investigated.
Efficient capture and storage of ammonia in robust aluminium-based metal-organic frameworks
Authors: Guo Lixia , Hurd Joseph , He Meng , Lu Wanpeng , Li Jiangnan , Crawshaw Danielle , Fan Mengtian , Sapchenko Sergei , Chen Yinlin , Zeng Xiangdi , Kippax-Jones Meredydd , Huang Wenyuan , Zhu Zhaodong , Manuel Pascal , Frogley Mark D. , Lee Daniel , Schröder Martin , Yang Sihai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe development of stable sorbent materials to deliver reversible adsorption of ammonia (NH3) is a challenging task. Here, we report the efficient capture and storage of NH3 in a series of robust microporous aluminium-based metal-organic framework materials, namely MIL-160, CAU-10-H, Al-fum, and MIL-53(Al). In particular, MIL-160 shows high uptakes of NH3 of 4.8 and 12.8 mmol g−1 at both low and high pressure (0.001 and 1.0 bar, respectively) at 298 K. The combination of in situ neutron powder diffraction, synchrotron infrared micro-spectroscopy and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals the preferred adsorption domains of NH3 molecules in MIL-160, with H/D site-exchange between the host and guest and an unusual distortion of the local structure of [AlO6] moieties being observed. Dynamic breakthrough experiments confirm the excellent ability of MIL-160 to capture of NH3 with a dynamic uptake of 4.2 mmol g−1 at 1000 ppm. The combination of high porosity, pore aperture size and multiple binding sites promotes the significant binding affinity and capacity for NH3, which makes it a promising candidate for practical applications.
Projected Atlantic overturning slow-down is to be compensated by a strengthened South Atlantic subtropical gyre
Authors: Marcello Fernanda , Tonelli Marcos , Ferrero Bruno , Wainer Ilana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe upper limb of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation brings shallow interocean contributions to replenish the North Atlantic export of deepwaters. It is primarily formed in the southern South Atlantic where the converging entrainment of Pacific and Indian Ocean waters meet and incorporate into the South Atlantic subtropical gyre. Here, we use Community Earth System Model 1 Large Ensemble simulation results along 1920–2100 to investigate the response of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation upper limb and the South Atlantic subtropical gyre to future human-induced climate warming under business-as-usual greenhouse gas emissions. In terms of flow redistribution, we find that the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation upper limb weakens not because less waters are being imported from the Pacific and Indian basins — but because waters are being mostly directed to recirculate in the southwestern portion of a distorted South Atlantic subtropical gyre, turning back southward after reaching the South Atlantic western boundary.
By what molecular mechanisms do social determinants impact cardiometabolic risk?
Authors: Baumer Yvonne , Pita Mario A. , Baez Andrew S. , Ortiz-Whittingham Lola R. , Cintron Manuel A. , Rose Raviv R. , Gray Veronica C. , Osei Baah Foster , Powell-Wiley Tiffany M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
While it is well known from numerous epidemiologic investigations that social determinants (socioeconomic, environmental, and psychosocial factors exposed to over the life-course) can dramatically impact cardiovascular health, the molecular mechanisms by which social determinants lead to poor cardiometabolic outcomes are not well understood. This review comprehensively summarizes a variety of current topics surrounding the biological effects of adverse social determinants (i.e., the biology of adversity), linking translational and laboratory studies with epidemiologic findings. With a strong focus on the biological effects of chronic stress, we highlight an array of studies on molecular and immunological signaling in the context of social determinants of health (SDoH). The main topics covered include biomarkers of sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activation, and the role of inflammation in the biology of adversity focusing on glucocorticoid resistance and key inflammatory cytokines linked to psychosocial and environmental stressors (PSES). We then further discuss the effect of SDoH on immune cell distribution and characterization by subset, receptor expression, and function. Lastly, we describe epigenetic regulation of the chronic stress response and effects of SDoH on telomere length and aging. Ultimately, we highlight critical knowledge gaps for future research as we strive to develop more targeted interventions that account for SDoH to improve cardiometabolic health for at-risk, vulnerable populations.
Secrecy analysis of AF relaying with triple selection over arbitrary Nakagami fading channels
Authors: Lee Donghun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper analyzes the secrecy outage probability of amplify and forward (AF) relaying with triple selection over real valued Nakagami fading channels. This paper derives the new upper bound cumulative distribution function expressions of the proposed system for the received signal to noise ratio in which maximal ratio combining and selection combining receivers are considered. Further, this paper derives the lower bound and asymptotic expressions for the secrecy outage probability. An interesting numerical result is that the secrecy performance of the AF relaying with selection combining is superior to the AF relaying with maximal ratio combining over arbitrary Nakagami fading channels.
Analysis and inhibition of radial electromagnetic force in composite magnetic coupler
Authors: Wang Shuang , Ma Xin , Guo Yongcun , LI Deyong , Sun Shousuo , Hu Zeyong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA new inhibition method was proposed for the problem of harmonic of radial electromagnetic force during the operation of the composite magnetic coupler. In order to suppress its radial electromagnetic force, a radial permanent magnet rotor eccentricity method is proposed, and a three‐dimensional finite element model is established. Based on the Maxwell tensor method, the radial electromagnetic force of the composite magnetic coupler is analysed, and the mathematical expression of its radial electromagnetic force is established, Maxwell stress tensor was used to analyse the radial electromagnetic force in a composite magnetic coupler and to establish the mathematical equation for the radial electromagnetic force. In order to suppress the radial electromagnetic force, a method based on rotor eccentricity in a radial permanent magnet was proposed. A prototype of a composite magnetic coupler with a rated power of 5 kW was designed to test its output torque under load. The results showed that the simulated curve was consistent with the tested curve, with a maximum numerical error of 8.9%. The tested values of the output torque before and after eccentricity were compared, and the results showed that the output torque remained basically unchanged after the eccentric structure was adopted and that the torque pulsation was significantly reduced.
Joint power control and user grouping mechanism for efficient uplink non‐orthogonal multiple access‐based 5G communication: Utilising the Lèvy‐flight firefly algorithm
Authors: Albataineh Zaid , Hayajneh Khaled F. , Bany Salameh Haythem , Al Athamneh Raed , Jararweh Yaser 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe non‐orthogonal multiple access strategies have shown promise to boost fifth generation and sixth generation wireless networks' spectral efficiency and enable large‐scale network access. Generally, user‐grouping, power‐management, and decoding‐order are essential components in ensuring optimal system performance. Hence, the user‐grouping and power‐management problem was investigated to maximise the spectral‐efficiency in non‐orthogonal multiple access uplink systems while reducing the computational complexity. This joint optimisation problem was previously studied in which several sub‐optimal polynomial‐time solutions were presented at the expense of a huge system and computational complexity. Therefore, a metaheuristic optimisation method, inspired by nature, called the Lévy‐flight firefly algorithm was utilised to tackle the power control and user grouping in non‐orthogonal multiple access systems such that the system performance is enhanced with reduced computational complexity. Also, the popular firefly algorithm is used to solve the same problem. The effectiveness of the presented method in achieving optimal solutions is measured through numerical evaluation. The simulation results demonstrate that the presented technique based on Lévy‐flight firefly algorithm for this Joint problem in the uplink non‐orthogonal multiple access system performs better in terms of spectral efficiency than the standard orthogonal multiple access. Furthermore, the presented technique outperforms the firefly algorithm‐based method while reducing system complexity in uplink non‐orthogonal multiple access systems with the same restriction.
Study on characteristics gases of metal protrusions partial discharge in 10‐kV air‐insulated switchgear
Authors: Tan Qipeng , Song Bin , Wang Linong , Wu Shaocheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAir‐insulated switchgear plays an important role in distribution network and partial discharge (PD) is one of the common faults in its operation. The method of gas component analysis, which is to detect chemical gas products, is a novel one to discover PD. In order to study the feasibility of the method, the monitoring experiment of characteristic gases, comprising carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3), of metal protrusion PD is carried out. This paper conducts the comparative experiments on three main factors affecting PD: voltage, air humidity and degree of protrusion, as well as studies how they affect the formation of characteristic gases. According to the experimental result, higher applied voltage promotes the formation of characteristic gases in the same conditions. In addition, with the increase of humidity from 40% to 75%, the generation of gases is inhibited. Furthermore, when the needle–plate distance is 30 mm, the gas concentration has almost no change within 6 h, which is different from that of 10 mm. In conclusion, the difference in gases concentration reveals the influence of three main factors on the generation of characteristic gases and provides an analytical basis for PD detection by gas composition analysis.