bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cardiac glycoside ZINC253504760 induces parthanatos-type cell death and G2/M arrest via downregulation of MEK1/2 phosphorylation in leukemia cells
Authors: Zhou Min , Boulos Joelle C. , Klauck Sabine M. , Efferth Thomas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOvercoming multidrug resistance (MDR) represents a major obstacle in cancer chemotherapy. Cardiac glycosides (CGs) are efficient in the treatment of heart failure and recently emerged in a new role in the treatment of cancer. ZINC253504760, a synthetic cardenolide that is structurally similar to well-known GCs, digitoxin and digoxin, has not been investigated yet. This study aims to investigate the cytotoxicity of ZINC253504760 on MDR cell lines and its molecular mode of action for cancer treatment. Four drug-resistant cell lines (P-glycoprotein-, ABCB5-, and EGFR-overexpressing cells, and TP53-knockout cells) did not show cross-resistance to ZINC253504760 except BCRP-overexpressing cells. Transcriptomic profiling indicated that cell death and survival as well as cell cycle (G2/M damage) were the top cellular functions affected by ZINC253504760 in CCRF-CEM cells, while CDK1 was linked with the downregulation of MEK and ERK. With flow cytometry, ZINC253504760 induced G2/M phase arrest. Interestingly, ZINC253504760 induced a novel state-of-the-art mode of cell death (parthanatos) through PARP and PAR overexpression as shown by western blotting, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) translocation by immunofluorescence, DNA damage by comet assay, and mitochondrial membrane potential collapse by flow cytometry. These results were ROS-independent. Furthermore, ZINC253504760 is an ATP-competitive MEK inhibitor evidenced by its interaction with the MEK phosphorylation site as shown by molecular docking in silico and binding to recombinant MEK by microscale thermophoresis in vitro. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to describe a cardenolide that induces parthanatos in leukemia cells, which may help to improve efforts to overcome drug resistance in cancer.
Graphical Abstract
A cardiac glycoside compound ZINC253504760 displayed cytotoxicity against different multidrug-resistant cell lines. ZINC253504760 exhibited cytotoxicity in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells by predominantly inducing a new mode of cell death (parthanatos). ZINC253504760 downregulated MEK1/2 phosphorylation and further affected ERK activation, which induced G2/M phase arrest.
Tribological properties of 100% cellulose nanofiber (CNF) molding under dry- and boundary lubrication-conditions at CNF/steel contacts
Authors: Okubo H. , Nakae R. , Iba D. , Yamada K. , Hashiba H. , Nakano K. , Sato K. , Sasaki S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCellulose nanofibers (CNFs), which are plant-derived materials, have recently garnered considerable attention owing to their excellent mechanical properties, such as their low weight and high Young’s modulus. Novel methods for producing 100% CNF bulk structural materials have been developed. However, the tribological properties of CNFs have not been investigated thus far although their mechanical properties are known and are comparable to those of some conventional structural materials. In this study, the tribological properties of a novel biomass material, 100% CNF molding, were investigated based on CNF/steel contacts under dry and boundary lubrication conditions at various temperatures. The friction test results showed that the friction coefficient and wear volume of the CNF molding increased with the test temperature of the CNF/steel tribopair under dry-sliding conditions. Conversely, no significant temperature dependence of the friction and wear properties was observed upon lubrication with a pure polyalfaolefin. The surface analytical results revealed that the amorphization of the CNF molding progressed on the worn surface, especially under dry-sliding conditions at a high temperature. All the results suggested that the friction and wear performance of the 100% CNF moldings strongly depends on the sliding test conditions, and the amorphization process of the CNF molding can affect its friction and wear performance.
The Role of Negative Posttraumatic Cognitions in the Treatment of Patients with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Gradl Silvia , Burghardt Juliane , Oppenauer Claudia , Sprung Manuel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Negative post-traumatic cognitions (PTC) are a risk factor for the development and maintenance of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTC have further been linked to symptoms of depression, anxiety, and emotion regulation (ER). We investigated the role of PTC in the treatment of PTSD patients.

Method
We analyzed data from 339 inpatients (279 female) who received inpatient trauma-focused treatment for eight to twelve weeks. PTC, symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and ER were assessed at admission and discharge. PTC assessment included negative cognitions about the self, the world, and self-blame.

Results
The results show that all symptoms and ER, and all PTC except for self-blame, decreased during treatment. Only baseline level of PTC about the self was related to changes in depression severity. The other baseline levels of PTC were not related to any changes in symptom severity. Changes in PTC about the self were related to changes in all symptoms and ER. Changes in PTC about the world were only linked to symptoms of PTSD. Changes in self-blame were only associated with symptoms of re-experiencing.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that PTC about the self play a more general and PTC about the world a more specific role in the treatment of PTSD. Further research is needed to clarify the role of self-blame in the treatment.
The African Kelleni’s roadmap using nitazoxanide and broad-spectrum antimicrobials to abort returning to COVID-19 square one
Authors: Kelleni Mina T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFor over 3.5 years, SARS CoV-2 is continuing to evolve threatening to return all and any improvement the world has made into square one. In this clinically oriented systematic review and perspective, the author explains how the best current medical evidence is strongly supporting the use of the low cost, widely available and very safe nitazoxanide in early management of COVID-19, debates the relevant theoretical studies that negated or doubted this benefit, and suggests an African roadmap to preempt the worst-case scenario if or when a new SARS CoV-2 (sub) variant or even a new respiratory virus causes a new global surge of morbidity and mortality. Kelleni’s protocol, including nitazoxanide as an integral component, is continuing to perfectly save lives of patients infected with many viruses, including SARS CoV-2 and the author stresses that respiratory RNA viruses are best managed with early pharmacological treatment. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials as nitazoxanide and azithromycin together with other therapeutics as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the antihistaminic loratadine should be considered first to personalize the clinical management of COVID-19 and selected other alarming viral infections.
3D deformation and strain fields in drying kaolinite obtained from tracking internal bubbles using X-ray CT and ANN
Authors: Xu Shuoshuo , Lai Jinxing , O’Kelly Brendan C. , Zhao Budi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDrying fine-grained sediments experience shrinkage and desiccation cracking that may dramatically alter their mechanical and hydraulic properties. This study adopts X-ray computed tomography (CT) to monitor the three-dimensional (3D) internal deformation and strain fields, and their relationships with desiccation crack formation, for drying kaolinite samples contained in plastic containers. Two kaolinite samples, one dried at room temperature and the other oven-dried at 60 °C, were CT scanned at several intervals during the drying process. From sequential CT scans for the same sample, entrained gas bubbles were extracted and used as tracking markers for deformation and strain field measurements. Since the bubble morphology continuously changed during the drying process, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to link bubbles in sequential scans for the same sample. The tracking algorithm was trained with manually linked bubbles and optimised by comparing different combinations of bubble information, e.g. bubble location, size and shape. The drying samples experienced primarily vertical displacement before the air-entry value, while horizontal displacement occurred during vertical crack formation. Internal vertical and horizontal strains were generally uniform, indicating a limited impact of non-uniform sample drying and substrate constraint.
Testfall Armut. Zum Zusammenhang von Ungleichheitseinstellungen und sozialer Lage
Authors: Heide Julian 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungIn zeitdiagnostischen Arbeiten wird häufig vermutet, dass sich kosmopolitische Einstellungskomplexe in oberen sozialen Lagen finden, wohingegen untere soziale Lagen durch kommunitaristische Werthaltungen gekennzeichnet sind. Dieser Beitrag nimmt die Armutspopulation als unterstes Segment des sozialen Stratifikationsgefüges in den Blick, um am Testfall dieser Gruppe Einstellungen zu verschiedenen sozialen Ungleichheiten zu untersuchen. Drei gesellschaftlich umstrittene Felder sozialer Ungleichheit, nämlich sexuelle Diversität, Migration und soziale Sicherung, werden in einen Analysezusammenhang integriert. Mit Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) kann gezeigt werden, dass Menschen in Armut gegenüber Homosexuellen oder transgender Personen nicht skeptischer eingestellt sind als nichtarme Personen. Dagegen lehnen Menschen mit Armutserfahrung Migrationsbewegungen eher ab. Die Migrationsskepsis unter Personen in langanhaltender und intensiver Armut ist größer als bei Menschen mit diskontinuierlichen Armutsverläufen. Im Feld der sozialen Sicherung bevorzugen Personen mit Armutserfahrung staatliche Sicherungsmaßnahmen gegenüber privater Absicherung. Der Testfall der Armen zeigt, dass man nicht pauschal von Einstellungskomplexen in einzelnen sozialen Lagen ausgehen kann, vielmehr müssen Einstellungsfelder differenziert betrachtet werden.
SEOM-GEICAM-SOLTI clinical guidelines for early-stage breast cancer (2022)
Authors: Ayala de la Peña Francisco , Antolín Novoa Silvia , Gavilá Gregori Joaquín , González Cortijo Lucía , Henao Carrasco Fernando , Martínez Martínez María Teresa , Morales Estévez Cristina , Stradella Agostina , Vidal Losada María Jesús , Ciruelos Eva 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBreast cancer is the leading cause of cancer in women in Spain and its annual incidence is rapidly increasing. Thanks to the screening programs in place, nearly 90% of breast cancer cases are detected in early and potentially curable stages, despite the COVID-19 pandemic possibly having impacted these numbers (not yet quantified). In recent years, locoregional and systemic therapies are increasingly being directed by new diagnostic tools that have improved the balance between toxicity and clinical benefit. New therapeutic strategies, such as immunotherapy, targeted drugs, and antibody–drug conjugates have also improved outcomes in some patient subgroups. This clinical practice guideline is based on a systematic review of relevant studies and on the consensus of experts from GEICAM, SOLTI, and SEOM.
The Stability of Generalized Ricci Solitons
Authors: Lee Kuan-Hui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn Garcia-Fernandez and Streets (Generalized Ricci flow, volume 76 of university lecture series, American Mathematical Society, Providence, 2021) and Oliynyk et al. (Nucl Phys B 739(3):441–458, 2006), it was shown that the generalized Ricci flow is the gradient flow of a functional $$\lambda $$
λ
generalizing Perelman’s $$\lambda $$
λ
functional for Ricci flow. In this work, we further computed the second variation formula and proved that a Bismut-flat, Einstein manifold is linearly stable under some curvature assumptions. In the last part of this paper, I proved that dynamical stability and linear stability are equivalent on a steady gradient generalized Ricci soliton (g, H, f). This generalizes the results in Haslhofer and Müller (Math Ann 360(1–2):547–553, 2014), Kröncke (Stability of Einstein Manifolds, 2014, Commun Anal Geom 28(2):351–394, 2020), Raffero and Vezzoni (On the dynamical behaviour of the generalized Ricci flow, 2020) and Sesum (Duke Math J 133(1):1–26, 2006).
Investigations on riboflavin production by wild-type yeast strain for supplementation of organic feed
Authors: Kuenz Anja , Tölle Marius , Bromann Sarah 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSupplementation of vitamin B2 (riboflavin) in poultry feeding is essential. For economic and environmental reasons, riboflavin is now produced biotechnologically, which, in most industrial production, is based on genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Due to legislation, organic animals must be fed with GMO-free feeds, which also applies to the production processes of vitamin additives in the feed. Therefore, the main objective of experiments in this paper is the screening of GMO-free wild-type yeast strains overproducing riboflavin as a starting point to develop GMO-free riboflavin production lines that ensure the continuous supply of riboflavin for organic livestock. A screening of wild-type, non-GMO microorganisms overproducing riboflavin was conducted. The wild-type yeast Meyerozyma guilliermondii DSM 11947 produced the highest riboflavin concentration in the screening procedure. In order to provide a feasible and affordable certified organic animal vitamin B2 supplement, the possibility of minimizing the expensive media component, yeast extract, was shown. This work shows the possibility of using a wild-type strain to achieve higher levels of riboflavin by means of bioprocess engineering and without metabolic engineering. A fermentation strategy at the laboratory scale is provided, where a yield of 30 mg riboflavin per g dry matter of yeast cells was achieved.
The Role of Albumin in the Resuscitation of Hypotensive Patients
Authors: Raynor Brittany , Huang Andrew , Udrea Daniel , Montano Nicholas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Albumin is a colloid used in fluid resuscitation, with intrinsic physiologic properties that make it ideal to use for certain hypotensive patients. Despite this, its indications for use in this context are the source of much debate. This review aims to provide an overview of the history of albumin, explain its rise and fall in popularity, and identify situations where use of albumin may be beneficial over other forms of fluid resuscitation.

Recent Findings
The use of albumin dropped significantly in 1998 after a review article was published suggesting that it was harmful to use in critically ill patients. It was not until 2004 and 2014 when the first large-scale randomized control trials were performed demonstrating that albumin administration in certain hypotensive critically ill patients was associated with decreased morbidity and mortality.

Summary
Compared to other fluids, albumin appears to be safe for most patient populations. Choice of resuscitation fluid is partly provider dependent; however, there is an increasing body of evidence supporting albumin use associated with improved patient outcomes.
Conventional CT and PET/CT imaging in the evaluation and management of subsolid pulmonary nodules: an overview of the literature and author recommendations
Authors: Kaplar Zoltan , Essa Noora Bin , Balaji Nikita , Bomanji Jamshed , Groves Ashley M. , Lilburn David M. L. , Navani Neal , Fraioli Francesco 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSubsolid pulmonary nodules (SSNs) are frequent findings on CT scans, and their reported prevalence ranges between 9 and 20% in the literature. The management of SSNs requires specific knowledge. In this review, we report the standard imaging approach and the potential role of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the detection of pulmonary SSNs, to help clinicians by providing evidence-based recommendations. The classification of the basic histology, nomenclature, and behaviours of the different lesions is described, with the typical imaging patterns and main recommendations for their management when detected on CT imaging. A comprehensive review of the literature has been performed to determine the potential role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT in the evaluation of SSNs. Finally, we describe the synergy of CT and 18F-FDG PET in the evaluation and management of SSNs. We hypothesise that in cases of 18F-FDG-positive findings, it would be worth considering pre-emptive local treatment with ablation, radiotherapy, or surgical resection. New prospective studies with greater homogeneity of data acquisition, including imaging time points, would be beneficial when reappraising the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT following new technical developments.
Longitudinal Management and a Decision-Aid Tool in Treatment-Resistant Sleep Apnea
Authors: Hrubos-Strøm Harald , Bergqvist Joel , Zou Ding 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
We expect an increased pressure of treating residual sleepiness in parallel with the introduction of novel wakefulness-promoting drugs to the European market. Our purpose is to review the literature on longitudinal management of treatment-resistant obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and on this background to propose a management plan for this patient group focusing on both reduction of cardiovascular risk and relief of symptoms.

Recent Findings
Most OSA literature focuses on primary diagnostics and primary or secondary treatment options in unstratified clinical populations. In this review, we focus on longitudinal management of treatment-resistant OSA described in recent, key publications. Moreover, we identified future diagnostic trends that also may be of clinical importance in this patient group. Finally, based on this background, we propose a standardized approach to secondary diagnostics and treatment decisions in treatment-resistant OSA based on a novel decision-aid tool.

Summary
Limited literature was found on the longitudinal aspects of OSA treatment. Based on this background, a standardized management plan for treatment-resistant OSA and a shared decision-aid tool is proposed. The management plan focuses on both stabilization of the upper airway and relief of symptoms.
Desalination concentrate microalgae cultivation: biomass production and applications
Authors: Al Bazedi Ghada , Ismail Maha M. , Mugwanya Muziri , Sewilam Hani 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe environmental consequences of desalination concentrate disposal have limited the practical adoption of desalination systems for inland brackish water. Desalination concentrate, which is generated by desalination facilities, has the ability to offer water and nutrients for microalgal growth. A useful application for concentrate from desalination systems is required to boost the feasibility of installing desalination procedures for both inland brackish and seawater plants. Several research has been conducted to investigate the use of desalination concentrate as a medium for microalgal culture. This paper reviews the impact of desalination concentrate on microalgal productivity by describing instances of microalgae cultivated in desalination concentrate. Based on the research results, it was found that Chlorella vulgaris, Scendesmus quadricauda, S. platensis, Nannochloropsis oculata and Dunaliella tertiolecta can be cultivated on desalination brine. Also, the paper reviews the different applications of these types which may contribute to adding revenue that will reduce the cost of desalinated water.
Effects of German chamomile on symptoms and healing after mandibular third molar surgeries: A triple-blind split-mouth randomised controlled trial
Authors: Abo Rokbah Mohammed Qassem , Al-Moudallal Yasser , Al-Khanati Nuraldeen Maher , Hsaian Jamileh Ali , Kokash Moemeneh Bassam 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background and aim
Surgical extraction of the impacted lower third molar is one of the most common surgical procedures in dentistry. Postoperative pain usually reaches its intensity 12 h after the procedure and adversely affects the patient’s quality of life for many days. Chamomile anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties have been introduced in the medical literature. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of chamomile gel in reducing postoperative pain and symptoms after impacted lower third molar surgeries.

Materials and methods
This study was a triple-blinded placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial with a split-mouth crossover design. The study included 70 impacted lower third molars in 35 patients (13 males and 22 females) with a mean age of 22.29 (±3.00) years. Participants’ extraction sides were randomly allocated into the study groups. Each participant was enrolled twice, i.e., into the study and control groups with a washout period of 3 weeks between the two surgeries. Postoperative pain, need for analgesics, symptoms severity (PoSSe), and wound healing were evaluated.

Results
Gingival healing was significantly better in chamomile group compared to control group (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in post-extraction alveolar osteitis between chamomile and control group (P = 0.314). VAS results showed significant differences in mean pain scores, with significant decrease in chamomile groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, analgesic consumption was significantly higher in placebo group (P < 0.05). Mean PoSSe scores were 16.8 (±9.4) in the chamomile group, versus 41.1 (±9.9) in the control.

Conclusions
Within the limitations of the present study, it was concluded that intra-socket application of chamomile gel might effectively improve healing, and reduce pain levels, postoperative symptoms severity, and analgesics consumption after surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars.

Highlights
Incidence and outcomes of surgical site infection following emergency laparotomy during the COVID-19 pandemic in a low resource setting: A retrospective cohort
Authors: Atumanyire Jethro , Muhumuza Joshua , Talemwa Nelson , Molen Selamo Fabrice , Kithinji Stephen Mbae , Kagenderezo ByaMungu Pahari , Hakizimana Theoneste 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Surgical site infection (SSI) is the commonest form of hospital acquired infection in sub-Saharan Africa, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This study was aimed at determining the incidence and outcomes of surgical site infection following emergency laparotomy during the COVID -19 pandemic in a low resource setting.

Methods
This was a retrospective single Centre cohort of patients that had emergency laparotomy between July 2021–June 2022 (COVID period) and July 2018–June 2019 (pre-COVID period). Analysis was done using SPSS version 22 in which SSI rates were compared between the two periods using the chi squared test. Mortality, re-operation rates and length of hospital stay were also compared.

Results
Of the 453 patient files included in analysis, 244 (53.9%) were for the COVID period, while 209 (46.1%) were for the pre COVID period. The incidence of SSI was insignificantly higher in the COVID period (17.6% versus 16.7%; P = 0.901). Mortality was also insignificantly higher in the SSI group (3.8% versus 3.5%; P = 0.745). Presence of surgical site infection increased the risk for re-operation (P < 0.001) and prolonged hospital stay (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Since the incidence and outcomes of surgical site infection appear not to have changed following the pandemic, the same measures that were previously used to prevent SSI could still be effective even during the pandemic if followed appropriately and combined with the COVID specific peri-operative care recommendations.

High lights