bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precise makespan optimization via hybrid genetic algorithm for scientific workflow scheduling problem
Authors: Barredo Pablo , Puente Jorge 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTask scheduling in scientific workflows represents an NP-hard problem due to the number of interdependent tasks, data transfers, and the possible execution infrastructure assignments in cloud computing. For this reason, metaheuristics are one of the most widely applied optimisation techniques. Makespan is one of the main objectives in this problem. However, this metric needs to be complemented with a quality measure with respect to the actual execution time in order to avoid incurring more costs than expected by using an over-optimistic approximation. This research applies a new enhanced disk-network-computing evaluation model, that takes into account the communication among the storage devices involved, which plays an important role in actual schedules. The model is implemented in a genetic algorithm and the well-known heuristic HEFT. We propose different hybridisation metaheuristics in conjunction with a new accuracy metric to measure the difference between the makespan approximations and the real one. The new evaluation model is able to improve accuracy with respect to the standard model, and the proposed hybrid methods significantly improve makespan in the case of heterogeneous infrastructures.
The Legal Artifice of Liberty: On Beccaria’s Philosophy
Authors: Ippolito Dario 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBeccaria’s penal philosophy hinges on the doctrinal paradigm of liberty through law. Inconceivable in the absence of laws and unattainable in the presence of arbitrary powers, liberty is profiled as the legal situation of the person who may act, within the sphere of what is not forbidden and not bound, without suffering illicit interference from private individuals or organs of the state. Thus, the form of law becomes an essential matter in the construction of the political space suitable for free living. In the analysis proposed in this article, the notion of “political liberty”–which Beccaria takes from Montesquieu–is declined in relation to the legal order, criminal law and the social contract.
Parallel Evolution of Skull Form in Three Rodent Genera Inhabiting Steep Elevational Gradients of Ethiopian Highlands
Authors: Mizerovská Daniela , Špoutil František , Claude Julien , Lavrenchenko Leonid A. , Procházka Jan , Bryja Josef , Mikula Ondřej 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSeveral rodent genera radiated in Ethiopian highlands during Pleistocene, giving rise to species specialized to different elevation zones. The zonation is accompanied by vegetation change from savannahs or forests in lower elevations, through the mid-elevation belt of ericaceous shrublands to Afroalpine moorlands on the mountain tops. Such evolution on elevation gradient is expected to promote phenotypic adaptations and several genera are known to include highly distinctive high-elevation specialists. In this study, we systematically examined shape and size differentiation of skull and mandible in three genera, Lophuromys, Arvicanthis and Stenocephalemys, each including from six to eight species inhabiting different elevation zones on both sides of the Great Rift Valley. Employing computed tomography, three-dimensional virtual models, landmark-based geometric morphometrics and a powerful toolkit of partial least squares analysis, we demonstrated the elevation-related differentiation is a prominent feature of skull and mandible shape variation in all three genera. We identified the parts of skull and mandible which change most between the successive zones. These include, notably, orbits and insertion areas of masticatory muscles, which suggests adaptive shifts in visual perception and diet. We also showed that while the same parts are modified in all three genera, they are modified in different ways and to a different degree. The evidence for size differentiation was mixed despite the universal trend of larger size in higher elevations. Our study confirms the high-elevation specialists represent the most distinctive forms, which is especially true for the species from Bale and Arsi Mountains, East of the Great Rift Valley.
Short learning curve in transition from laparoscopic to robotic-assisted rectal cancer surgery: a prospective study from a Finnish Tertiary Referral Centre
Authors: Kolehmainen Charlotta S. J. , Ukkonen Mika T. , Tomminen Timo , Helavirta Ilona M. , Laukkarinen Johanna M. , Hyöty Marja , Kotaluoto Sannamari 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe narrow pelvis causes special challenges in surgery, and robotic-assisted surgery has been proven beneficial in these circumstances. While robotic surgery has some specific advantages in rectal cancer surgery, there is still limited evidence of the learning curve of the technique involved. The aim here was to study the transition from laparoscopic to robotic-assisted surgery among experienced laparoscopic surgeons. The data for this study were collected from a prospectively compiled register that includes patients operated on by the Da Vinci Xi robot in Tampere University Hospital. Each consecutive rectal cancer patient was included. The information on the surgical and oncological outcomes was analysed. The learning curve was assessed using cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis. CUSUM already demonstrated an overall positively sloped curve at the beginning of the study, with neither the conversion rate nor morbidity reaching unacceptable thresholds. Conversions (4%) and postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo III–IV 15%, no intraoperative complications) were rare. One patient died within one month and the death was not procedure-associated. While surgical and oncological outcomes were similar among all surgeons, the console times showed a decreasing trend and were shorter among those with more experience in laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery. Robotic-assisted rectal cancer surgery can be safely adapted by experienced laparoscopic colorectal surgeons.
Extramammary Paget Disease: a Therapeutic Challenge, for a Rare Entity
Authors: Pérez Jesús Chamorro , Salgado Alfonso Cortes , Pérez-Mies Belén , Rullán Jose Antonio Domínguez , Ajuria-Illarramendi Odile , Alia Eva María Guerra , Serrano Domingo Juan José 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare entity which is more frequently localized at the vulva, though it only accounts for 1–2% of vulvar neoplasms. It is a primary cutaneous adenocarcinoma whose cell of origin is still a matter of controversy: it can either arise from apocrine/eccrine glands or from stem cells. The diagnosis demands a biopsy and entails a histopathological analysis by which cells show similar characteristics as breast Paget disease.

Recent Findings
Treatment approach can entail surgery, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, systemic chemotherapy, and topical chemotherapy. For metastatic disease, many different chemotherapy regimens have been explored and even targeted therapy can play an important role in this disease. Since almost 30–40% of patients overexpress HER-2, trastuzumab and anti-HER-2 therapies can be employed in this setting.

Summary
Due to its low incidence, there is almost no specific evidence on therapeutic interventions for this disease. Thus, there is a neat unmet need for molecular characterization of EMPD and diagnostic tools that allow clinicians to guide treatment both in the early and in the advanced disease settings. In this review, we aim to summarize available evidence about diagnosis and treatment of EMPD, both localized and metastatic, and to provide a comprehensive analysis that may help clinicians for therapeutic decisions.
SonAir: the design of a sonification of radar data for air traffic control
Authors: Elmquist Elias , Bock Alexander , Lundberg Jonas , Ynnerman Anders , Rönnberg Niklas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlong with the increase of digitalization and automation, a new kind of working environment is emerging in the field of air traffic control. Instead of situating the control tower at the airport, it is now possible to remotely control the airport at any given location, i.e. in a remote tower center (RTC). However, by controlling the airport remotely, the situational awareness and sense of presence might be compromised. By using directional sound, a higher situational awareness could potentially be achieved while also offloading the visual perception which is heavily used in air traffic control. Suitable use cases for sonification in air traffic control were found through workshops with air traffic controllers. A sonification design named SonAir was developed based on the outcome of the workshops, and was integrated with an RTC simulator for evaluating to what degree SonAir could support air traffic controllers in their work. The results suggest that certain aspects of SonAir could be useful for air traffic controllers. A continuous sonification where the spatial positioning of aircraft were conveyed was experienced to be partially useful, but the intrusiveness of SonAir should be further considered to fit the air traffic controllers’ needs. An earcon that conveyed when an aircraft enters the airspace and from which direction was considered useful to support situational awareness.
A shape design optimization methodology based on the method of characteristics for rocket nozzles
Authors: Fernandes Tiago , Souza Alain , Afonso Frederico 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEven though shape optimization is a powerful tool for designing aerospace vehicles, it can be time-consuming when high-fidelity models are employed. Thus, lower-fidelity simulations covering a wider design space can be a solution for shape optimization in the early design phases. With this in mind, the present work aims to develop a low-fidelity and fast method to conduct nozzle shape optimization. This method consists in using the free-form deformation (FFD) parameterization technique to control the nozzle shape by means of an optimization algorithm to maximize the coefficient of thrust determined by a two-dimensional method of characteristics (MoC). To verify the reliability of the proposed method, a similar optimization process is carried out, recurring to high-fidelity simulations, namely using an Euler solver, in the open-source framework $$\text {SU}^2$$

SU
2

. This latter optimization process is established as a surrogate-based optimization (SBO) not only to mitigate the $$\text {SU}^2$$

SU
2

framework limitations in performing shape optimization on nozzles, but also as a way to reduce the computational power. A good agreement between the results from both methods is achieved, displaying solely a small offset concerning the optimal contour width and the coefficient of thrust. Hence, this proves the usefulness of the developed shape optimization strategy based on the MoC for the preliminary design of nozzles.
Sustainable Reuse of Expresso Coffee By-products as a Natural Fertilizer to Improve Growth and Photosynthesis in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Plants
Authors: Vitale Ermenegilda , Motta Chiara Maria , Avallone Bice , Amoresano Angela , Fontanarosa Carolina , Battaglia Gennaro , Spinelli Michele , Fogliano Chiara , Paradiso Roberta , Arena Carmen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSpent coffee grounds (SCGs), deriving from the high global coffee consumption, can have an appreciable environmental impact. One of the eco-friendly reuses of SCGs is their application as a natural fertilizer. This study adopted a soilless cultivation approach to growing Cucumis sativus seedlings using, as rooting media, different coffee solutions obtained by infusing fresh coffee powder or SCGs from mocha and pods for 7 or 30 days. Seedlings’ germination, eco-physiological and biochemical traits were evaluated and the potential toxicological risks or beneficial effects of SCGs on plants were assessed. Results indicate that, although germination was unaffected, fresh coffee medium inhibited seedling development and that 7 days mocha solution stopped seedling growth and induced leaf structural alterations. Conversely, 30 days mocha and pod suspensions promoted seedling biomass, and increased leaf area, leaf polyphenol concentration, and photochemical efficiency. In conclusion, findings indicate that fresh powder can induce toxic effects while SCGs can improve cucumber from a physiological point of view by acting as a natural fertilizer. This study opens future investigations that will help manage coffee waste released into the environment by sustainable practices.
Graphical Abstract
SNP+ to predict dropout rates in SNP arrays
Authors: Sastre N. , Mercadé A. , Casellas J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGenotyping individuals using forensic or non-invasive samples such as hair or fecal samples increases the risk of allelic amplification failure (dropout) due to the low quality and quantity of DNA. One way to decrease genotyping errors is to increase the number of replicates per sample. Here, we have developed the software SNP+ to estimate the dropout probability and the subsequent required number of replicates to obtain the reliable genotype with probability 95%. Moreover, the software predicts the minor allele frequency and compares two competing models assuming equal or allele-specific dropout probabilities by Bayes factor. The software handles data from one SNP to high density arrays (e.g., 100,000 SNPs).
Particle correlation and intermittency in simulated cosmic ray showers
Authors: Wibig Tadeusz 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe study the correlations between charged particles in small cosmic ray air showers and determine the size and nature of their density fluctuations. We have used the CORSIKA simulation program to investigate this question. The result obtained shows the “intermittent” behaviour of the individual realisations of the density distributions. This is interesting in itself, and the specific values of the scaled factorial moments allow us to estimate the possible effects of these large non-Poissonian fluctuations. These may be relevant in the analysis of data from small shower arrays and other atypical measurement situations where cosmic ray particles provide an unwanted background.
„Motion Capture Vacuuming – MoCapVac“: Studienbeschreibung und Zusammenfassung erster Bewegungsanalyseergebnisse
Authors: Holzgreve F. , Maurer-Grubinger C. , Fraeulin L. , Wanke E. M. , Groneberg D. A. , Ohlendorf D. 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Staubsaugen ist eine häufig durchgeführte Tätigkeit, und zwar nicht nur bei professionellen Reinigungskräften, sondern auch in privaten Haushalten. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt das Protokoll des Motion-Capture-Vacuuming-Projekts (MoCapVac) und fasst die ersten Ergebnisse zusammen.

Methodik
Für die Umsetzung des Projekts sollten subjektiv gesunde Erwachsene vermessen werden, die nicht hauptberuflich als Reinigungskraft tätig sind. Ihre Körperhaltung wurde mittels eines Inertial motion capture-Messsystems beim habituellen Staubsaugen aufgezeichnet. Es wurde eine kinematische Analyse der relevanten Gelenke bei 8 Staubsaugermodellen auf 2 Bodenbelägen (PVC- und Teppichboden) beim ein- und beidarmigen Saugen untersucht. Sowohl deskriptive Ergebnisse als auch ein „statistical parametric mapping“ (SPM) wurde bisher aus Daten von 31 (21 w/10 m) gesunden Proband*innen erzielt. Mittels auf „support vector machine“ (SVM) basierter Analyse soll zudem zukünftig untersucht werden, ob sich Bewegungsprofile klassifizieren lassen und somit eine eindeutige Zuordnung zu bestimmten Mustern möglich ist. Außerdem soll eine ergonomische Beurteilung mittels des „rapid upper limb assessment“ (RULA) durchgeführt werden.

Ergebnisse
Erste Ergebnisse zeigten, dass über alle Proband*innen und Bedingungen hinweg eine homogene Sauggeschwindigkeit je zurückgelegter Strecke vorliegt. Dabei war die Streuung der Gelenkwinkel in der oberen Extremität deutlich höher als in Rumpf und Hüfte. Das SPM zeigte in allen untersuchten Gelenken signifikante Unterschiede zwischen dem habituellen Staubsaugen auf PVC- und Teppichboden.

Diskussion
Aus den ersten Ergebnissen wurde deutlich, dass habituelles Staubsaugen eine dynamische Tätigkeit mit einer großen Variabilität in der oberen Extremität gegenüber dem Rumpf und der Hüfte ist. In zukünftigen Analysen sollen konstitutionsabhängige sowie situations- und anforderungsbedingte Parameter identifiziert werden, die die Beanspruchung beim Staubsaugen optimieren können. Ferner sollen zukünftig mittels ergonomischer Gefährdungsbeurteilung insbesondere Bewegungen, Positionen oder Gelenke der oberen Extremität identifiziert werden, die Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen begünstigen oder davon betroffen sind.
A two-stage maintenance and multi-strategy selection for multi-objective particle swarm optimization
Authors: Liu Jun , Liu Yanmin , Han Huayao , Zhang Xianzi , Shu Xiaoli , Chen Fei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn multi-objective particle swarm optimization, it is very important to select the personal best and the global best. These leaders are expected to effectively guide the population toward the true Pareto front. In this paper, we propose a two-stage maintenance and multi-strategy selection for multi-objective particle swarm optimization (TMMOPSO), which adaptively selects the global best and updates the personal best by means of hyper-cone domain and aggregation, respectively. This strategy enhances the global exploration and local exploitation abilities of the population. In addition, the excellent particles are perturbed and a two-stage maintenance strategy is used for the external archive. This strategy not only improves the quality of the solutions in the population but also accelerates the convergence speed of the population. In this paper, the proposed algorithm is compared with several multi-objective optimization algorithms on 29 benchmark problems. The experimental results show that TMMOPSO is effective and outperforms the comparison algorithms on most of the 29 benchmark problems.
Vegetation response to a natural gas pipeline rupture fire in Canada’s montane cordillera
Authors: Scasta John Derek , Leverkus Sonja , Tisseur Dan , Leverkus Gillian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPipelines are critical for energy distribution, but incidents causing rupture fires are hazardous. While wildland fires are a natural disturbance, rupture fires are a potential risk and novel disturbance given the greater heat yield constants for fossil fuels, fuel volume, and flaming concentration and duration. We quantified vegetation response to a 2018 rupture fire case study in the montane cordillera of Canada. Plant species, functional groups, ground cover, and live vegetation height were sampled in 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021 [0, 1, 2, and 3 years since fire (YSF)] in permanent plots stratified by burn severity and compared to the unburned reference plots sampled in 2019. Woody plant species and forb cover in burned plots recovered to levels similar to unburned plots. Litter and bare soil changes relative to YSF suggest trajectories to return to levels similar to unburned plots within 3 to 5 years post-rupture. Plant species richness, evenness, and diversity had also recovered to levels statistically similar to unburned comparisons by the final year of sampling in this study. Plots closest to the rupture epicenter that experienced ‘extreme’ burn had greater botanical dissimilarity from other burn severities or unburned comparisons. Vegetation structure showed significant (p < 0.0001) recovery with additional growth expected as the overstory re-establishes. The multiple metrics of ecological recovery on 3–5 year trajectories are comparable to published responses to wildland fire in the literature for this ecosystem’s response to fire. The recovery of conifers and soil microbiota should be assessed in the next decade.
Green approach synthesis of carbon quantum dots from agave bagasse and their use to boost seed germination and plant growth
Authors: Guerrero-Gonzalez R. , Vázquez-Dávila F. , Saucedo-Flores E. , Ruelas R. , Ceballos-Sánchez O. , Pelayo J. E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis work releases research progress carried out on carbon quantum dots (CQDs) obtained from agave bagasse with the aim of applying their UV-blue luminescence properties, as a novel way to improve plant growth and protecting them from the solar UV harmful effects. This results in an increasing exposure to blue irradiation, which is avidly absorbed by chlorophyll, thus strengthening plant photosynthesis. The developed green route process is based on the pyrolysis of agave bagasse fibers, a cheap carbon precursor from the tequila’s industries waste. After drying and grinding the fibers, three samples of powdered agave were burned in the open air at 500 °C for 0.5 h, 1.0 h and 2.0 h seeking to synthesize CQDs samples of different sizes. The optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) response of all samples were similar, that is, a strong UV absorption and a PL peak on the blue region. Furthermore, their highest PL quantum yield of 15.74% was obtained for the 2 h pyrolysis time sample that was applied on acrylic sheets in a greenhouse experiment. The groups of plants with this cover had faster germination rates and better plant growth rates than two control groups without CQDs.
ADCS Design for a Sounding Rocket with Thrust Vectoring
Authors: dos Santos Pedro , Oliveira Paulo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses the development of an attitude determination and control system (ADCS) for a sounding rocket using thrust vector control (TVC). To design the ADCS, a non-linear 6 degrees-of-freedom (DoF) model for the rocket dynamics and kinematics is deduced and implemented in simulation environment. An optimal attitude controller is designed using the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) with an additional integral action (LQI), and relying on the derived linear, time-varying, state-space representation of the rocket. The controller is tested in the simulation environment, demonstrating satisfactory attitude tracking performance, and robustness to model uncertainties. A navigation system is designed, based on measurements available on-board, to provide accurate real-time estimates on the rocket’s state and on the aerodynamic forces and moments acting on the vehicle. These aerodynamic estimates are used by an adaptive version of the controller that computes the gains in real time after correcting the state-space model. Finally, the ADCS is the result of the integration of the attitude control and navigation systems, with the complete system being implemented and tested in simulation, and demonstrating satisfactory performance.
Nonlinear semigroups for nonlocal conservation laws
Authors: Kovács Mihály , Vághy Mihály A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe investigate a class of nonlocal conservation laws in several space dimensions, where the continuum average of weighted nonlocal interactions are considered over a finite horizon. We establish well-posedness for a broad class of flux functions and initial data via semigroup theory in Banach spaces and, in particular, via the celebrated Crandall–Liggett Theorem. We also show that the unique mild solution satisfies a Kružkov-type nonlocal entropy inequality. Similarly to the local case, we demonstrate an efficient way of proving various desirable qualitative properties of the unique solution.