bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efforts to Improve Learning Quality for Civil Study on Unity in Diversity Through the Team Game Tournament (TGT) Method in Class IV Elementary School Students
Authors: Nawiyah Nawiyah 
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the srudy are; (1) to describe the application of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model, and (2) to determine the improvement in the quality of learning through TGT Model. This research method is qualitative. It was found that 1) student test results in cycle I meeting 1 obtained an average student test result of 55.42 with a completeness percentage of 25%, cycle I meeting 2 obtained an average student test result of 63.33 with a completeness percentage of 38%, cycle II meeting 1 obtained an average student test result of 72.50 with a completeness percentage of 54%, cycle II meeting 2 obtained an average student test result of 85.83 with a completeness percentage of 100%, shows a significant increase in achievement. 2) The application of cooperative learning through TGT can improve the quality of student civic education learning outcomes. The average score of students' test results each cycle has increased. In cycle I meeting 1 obtained an average student test result of 55.42 with a completeness percentage of 25%, cycle I meeting 2 obtained an average student test result of 63.33 with a completeness percentage of 38%, cycle II meeting 1 obtained an average student test result of 72.50 with a completeness percentage of 54%, cycle II meeting 2 obtained an average student test result of 85.83 with a completeness percentage of 100%, shows a significant increase in achievement.
Low maternal free thyroxine concentrations during early pregnancy are associated with impaired psychomotor development in infancy
Authors: Pop Victor J. , Kuijpens Johannes L. , van Baar Anneloes L. , Verkerk Gerda , van Son Maarten M. , de Vijlder Jan J. , Vulsma Thomas , Wiersinga Wilmar M. , Drexhage Hemmo A. , Vader Huib L. 
Published: July 2002

BACKGROUNDMaternal thyroid function during early pregnancy is an important determinant of early fetal brain development because the fetal thyroid is unable to produce any T4 before 12–14 weeks' gestation. Overt maternal hypothyroidism as seen in severe iodine‐deficient areas is associated with severely impaired neurological development of the offspring. At present, it is not known whether low free T4 (fT4) levels during pregnancy in healthy women from iodine sufficient areas may affect fetal neurodevelopment.METHODSNeurodevelopment was assessed at 10 months of age in a cohort of 220 healthy children, born after uncomplicated pregnancies and deliveries, using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Maternal TSH, fT4 and TPO antibody status were assessed at 12 and 32 weeks' gestation. Maternal gestational fT4 concentration was defined as an independent parameter for child development.RESULTSChildren of women with fT4 levels below the 5th (<9.8 pmol/l, n = 11) and 10th (<10.4 pmol/l, n = 22) percentiles at 12 weeks' gestation had significantly lower scores on the Bayley Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) scale at 10 months of age, compared to children of mothers with higher fT4 values (t test, mean difference: 14.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.9–22 and 7.4, 95% CI: 1.1–13.9, respectively). At 32 weeks' gestation, no significant differences were found. In the group of women with the lowest 10th percentile fT4 concentrations at 12 weeks' gestation, a positive correlation was found between the mothers' fT4 concentration and children's PDI scores (linear regression, R: 0.46, P = 0.03). After correction for confounding variables, a fT4 concentration below the 10th percentile at 12 weeks' gestation was a significant risk factor for impaired psychomotor development (RR): 5.8, 95% CI: 1.3–12.6).CONCLUSIONSLow maternal plasma fT4 concentrations during early pregnancy may be an important risk factor for impaired infant development.
Copyright vs. freedom of scientific communication
Authors: Hugenholtz P. Bernt 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTRecent developments in copyright law and practice, all inspired or triggered by the new digital networked environment, have the potential of negatively affecting the freedom of scientific communication. In this paper a number of these developments will be briefly examined. The author concludes that it is critically important for the global scientific community to become actively involved in the international, European, and national legislative process to protect scientific freedoms against further erosion.
The BIBLINK project: linking publishers and national bibliographic agencies
Authors: Clayphan Robina 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThe BIBLINK project is described and some of the issues arising from it are discussed. BIBLINK is a project funded by the European Commission. It began in May 1996 and is due for completion in February 2000. The aim of the project is to establish an automated flow of information, between publishers and national bibliographic services, in order to create authoritative bibliographic data that benefits both sectors. The project examined the way in which electronic publications are described for catalogues and other listings and developed a software system to allow the transmission of bibliographic metadata between the two sectors.
A new way of information retrieval: 3‐D indexing and concept mapping
Authors: Ross Jan 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTAfter a brief discussion of mind mapping and concept mapping, a model for a ‘3‐D index’ is developed which combines a concept map with an index to enable hierarchical and relational data retrieval. It is suggested that such sophisticated information retrieval methods are required for the complex and extensive electronic data sources and encyclopaedic‐type titles now being compiled.
The journal as an overlay on preprint databases
Authors: Smith Arthur P. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThe Physical Review journals, particularly Physical Review D (PRD) on particle and gravitational physics, have been near the centre of a revolution in electronic publishing caused by the Los Alamos eprint archive, which began posting papers in theoretical particle physics nearly eight years ago. This paper describes how the journals, particularly PRD, have responded and thrived with this revolution in scientific communication, and how we expect things to continue to develop in the future.
Exorcising the spectre of interlibrary loans
Authors: Brown David J. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTMany publishers believe that journal subscriptions are being cancelled in favour of purchasing the occasional article through document delivery (docdel) and interlibrary loan (ILL) services. This brief review suggests that commercial docdel is not necessarily the threat it is perceived to be by publishers, and that instead a co‐operative campaign to eliminate what for them is the real ogre of interlibrary loan (ILL) would be financially beneficial to journal publishers.
Successful journal publishing on the Internet: hit or myth?
Authors: Hemingway Clive 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTIf publishers of learned journals are going to make a success of their web publishing, they should not forget all the skills they have developed in publishing in print. This paper reviews the application of familiar journal publishing skills in the context of electronic journals or electronic editions of printed journals, and pinpoints areas where these skills apply in web publishing and where new skills are necessary.
Book Reviews
Authors: Bell Hazel K. , Deeley Sue 
Published: July 2002

Indexing from A to Z Second edition by Hans H. Wellisch, New York and Dublin: H.W. Wilson, 1996, 569 pp, $45, ISBN 0 8242 0882 XWinning the Publications Game by Tim Albert, Oxford and New York: Radcliffe Medical Press, 1997 100pp £15, ISBN 1‐85775 183 3
Requirements for an Online electronic journal service
Authors: Penfold David 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThis article is based on a report made to the Electronic Journal and Learned Societies Project, part of the Electronic Libraries (eLib) Programme. It is concerned with investigations undertaken in late 1996 into the commercial services able to provide an online electronic document delivery service for academic journals on behalf of the small society publisher unwilling or unable to provide an independent service. Thirteen organizations were approached and a questionnaire circulated to them was returned by the majority. The results indicated that at that stage there was no obvious choice of one supplier to meet the needs of any small society publisher. The reasons for this are discussed and possible ways forward considered.
Arbor 3D: an interactive environment for examining phylogenetic

and taxonomic trees in multiple dimensions
Authors: Ruths Derek A. , Chen Edward S. , Ellis Leland 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
This paper examines a new technique for the visualization of and the interaction with trees, objects frequently used to convey hierarchical relationships in biological data. Motivated by the quality of 2D tree interaction, we adapt the planar tree-of-life metaphor to a virtual, semi-immersive 3D environment. A 3D environment extends the utility of this metaphor by allowing the user to view an entire data set in a single screen. Interrogation of the tree is implemented using 3D input devices. This real-time interrogation of the tree itself provides a quick means by which to qualitatively analyse the hierarchical data. In this paper, we describe the techniques underlying the implementation of such an environment. We conclude by considering the utility of tree metaphors as a basis for the representation of highly dimensional data sets.
Availability: Arbor3D (source code, a binary executable for SGI IRIX 6.4, Perl parsers, and sample Newick data files) are available via the Internet (http://xian.tamu.edu/Arbor3D/). Arbor3D can be displayed in ‘CAVE simulator’ mode on an SGI workstation screen, or as an interactive virtual environment on a projection workbench.
Contact: druths@rice.edu; echen@cs.rice.edu; leland@xian.tamu.edu
To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Genesis: cluster analysis of microarray data
Authors: Sturn Alexander , Quackenbush John , Trajanoski Zlatko 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Summary: A versatile, platform independent and easy to use Java suite for large-scale gene expression analysis was developed. Genesis integrates various tools for microarray data analysis such as filters, normalization and visualization tools, distance measures as well as common clustering algorithms including hierarchical clustering, self-organizing maps, k-means, principal component analysis, and support vector machines. The results of the clustering are transparent across all implemented methods and enable the analysis of the outcome of different algorithms and parameters. Additionally, mapping of gene expression data onto chromosomal sequences was implemented to enhance promoter analysis and investigation of transcriptional control mechanisms.
Availability: http://genome.tugraz.at
Contact: zlatko.trajanoski@tugraz.at
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Probabilistic Boolean networks: a rule-based uncertainty model
for gene regulatory networks
Authors: Shmulevich Ilya , Dougherty Edward R. , Kim Seungchan , Zhang Wei 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: Our goal is to construct a model for genetic regulatory networks such that the model class: (i) incorporates rule-based dependencies between genes; (ii) allows the systematic study of global network dynamics; (iii) is able to cope with uncertainty, both in the data and the model selection; and (iv) permits the quantification of the relative influence and sensitivity of genes in their interactions with other genes.
Results: We introduce Probabilistic Boolean Networks (PBN) that share the appealing rule-based properties of Boolean networks, but are robust in the face of uncertainty. We show how the dynamics of these networks can be studied in the probabilistic context of Markov chains, with standard Boolean networks being special cases. Then, we discuss the relationship between PBNs and Bayesian networks—a family of graphical models that explicitly represent probabilistic relationships between variables. We show how probabilistic dependencies between a gene and its parent genes, constituting the basic building blocks of Bayesian networks, can be obtained from PBNs. Finally, we present methods for quantifying the influence of genes on other genes, within the context of PBNs. Examples illustrating the above concepts are presented throughout the paper.
Contact: is@ieee.org
Generating samples under a Wright–Fisher neutral model of
genetic variation
Authors: Hudson Richard R. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Summary: A Monte Carlo computer program is available to generate samples drawn from a population evolving according to a Wright–Fisher neutral model. The program assumes an infinite-sites model of mutation, and allows recombination, gene conversion, symmetric migration among subpopulations, and a variety of demographic histories. The samples produced can be used to investigate the sampling properties of any sample statistic under these neutral models.
Availability: The source code for the program (in the language C) is available at http://home.uchicago.edu/~rhudson1/source/mksamples.html.
Contact: rr-hudson@uchicago.edu
Reactive oxygen species mediate tumor necrosis factor alpha‐converting, enzyme‐dependent ectodomain shedding induced by phorbol myristate acetate
Authors: Zhang Zili , Oliver Peter , Jr. Lancaster Jack R. , Schwarzenberger Paul O. , Joshi Mahesh S. , Cork John , Kolls Jay K. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTEctodomain shedding of cell surface membrane‐anchoring proteins is an important process in a wide variety of physiological events(1, 2). Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) converting enzyme (TACE) is the first discovered mammalian sheddase responsible for cleavage of several important surface proteins, including TNF‐α, TNF p75 receptor, L‐selectin, and transforming growth factor‐α. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) has long been known as a potent agent to enhance ectodomain shedding. However, it is not fully understood how PMA activates TACE and induces ectodomain shedding. Here, we demonstrate that PMA induces both reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and TNF p75 receptor shedding in Mono Mac 6 cells, a human monocytic cell line, and l‐selectin shedding in Jurkat T‐cells. ROS scavengers significantly attenuated PMA‐induced TNF p75 receptor shedding. Exogenous H2O2 mimicked PMA‐induced enhancement of ectodomain shedding, and H2O2‐induced shedding was blocked by TAPI, a TACE inhibitor. Furthermore, both PMA and H2O2 failed to cause ectodomain shedding in a cell line that lacks TACE activity. By use of an in vitro TACE cleavage assay, H2O2 activated TACE that had been rendered inactive by the addition of the TACE inhibitory pro‐domain sequence. We presume that the mechanism of TACE activation by H2O2 is due to an oxidative attack of the pro‐domain thiol group and disruption of its inhibitory coordination with the Zn++ in the catalytic domain of TACE. These results demonstrate that ROS production is involved in PMA‐induced ectodomain shedding and implicate a role for ROS in other shedding processes.
Probability‐based protein secondary structure identification using combined NMR chemical‐shift data
Authors: Wang Yunjun , Jardetzky Oleg 
Published: July 2002

AbstractFor a long time, NMR chemical shifts have been used to identify protein secondary structures. Currently, this is accomplished through comparing the observed 1Hα, 13Cα, 13Cβ, or 13C′ chemical shifts with the random coil values. Here, we present a new protocol, which is based on the joint probability of each of the three secondary structural types (β‐strand, α‐helix, and random coil) derived from chemical‐shift data, to identify the secondary structure. In combination with empirical smooth filters/functions, this protocol shows significant improvements in the accuracy and the confidence of identification. Updated chemical‐shift statistics are reported, on the basis of which the reliability of using chemical shift to identify protein secondary structure is evaluated for each nucleus. The reliability varies greatly among the 20 amino acids, but, on average, is in the order of: 13Cα>13C′>1Hα>13Cβ>15N>1HN to distinguish an α‐helix from a random coil; and 1Hα>13Cβ >1HN ∼13Cα∼13C′∼15N for a β‐strand from a random coil. Amide 15N and 1HN chemical shifts, which are generally excluded from the application, in fact, were found to be helpful in distinguishing a β‐strand from a random coil. In addition, the chemical‐shift statistical data are compared with those reported previously, and the results are discussed. A JAVA User Interface program has been developed to make the entire procedure fully automated and is available via http://ccsr3150‐p3.stanford.edu.
The EF‐hand domain: A globally cooperative structural unit
Authors: Nelson Melanie R. , Thulin Eva , Fagan Patricia A. , Forsén Sture , Chazin Walter J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractEF‐hand Ca2+‐binding proteins participate in both modulation of Ca2+signals and direct transduction of the ionic signal into downstream biochemical events. The range of biochemical functions of these proteins is correlated with differences in the way in which they respond to the binding of Ca2+. The EF‐hand domains of calbindin D9kand calmodulin are homologous, yet they respond to the binding of calcium ions in a drastically different manner. A series of comparative analyses of their structures enabled the development of hypotheses about which residues in these proteins control the calcium‐induced changes in conformation. To test our understanding of the relationship between protein sequence and structure, we specifically designed the F36G mutation of the EF‐hand protein calbindin D9kto alter the packing of helices I and II in the apoprotein. The three‐dimensional structure of apo F36G was determined in solution by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and showed that the design was successful. Surprisingly, significant structural perturbations also were found to extend far from the site of mutation. The observation of such long‐range effects provides clear evidence that four‐helix EF‐hand domains should be treated as a single globally cooperative unit. A hypothetical mechanism for how the long‐range effects are transmitted is described. Our results support the concept of energetic and structural coupling of the key residues that are crucial for a protein's fold and function.
Association of Dexmedetomidine With New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Critical Illness
Authors: Song Myung Jin , Jang Yeonhoon , Lee Ji Hyun , Yoon Joo Heung , Kim Dong Jung , Jung Se Young , Lim Sung Yoon 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceDexmedetomidine is a widely used sedative in the intensive care unit (ICU) and has unique properties that may be associated with reduced occurrence of new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF).ObjectiveTo investigate whether the use of dexmedetomidine is associated with the incidence of NOAF in patients with critical illness.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis propensity score–matched cohort study was conducted using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV database, which includes records of patients admitted to the ICU at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston dating 2008 through 2019. Included patients were those aged 18 years or older and hospitalized in the ICU. Data were analyzed from March through May 2022.ExposurePatients were divided into 2 groups according to dexmedetomidine exposure: those who received dexmedetomidine within 48 hours after ICU admission (dexmedetomidine group) and those who never received dexmedetomidine (no dexmedetomidine group).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the occurrence of NOAF within 7 days of ICU admission, as defined by the nurse-recorded rhythm status. Secondary outcomes were ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, and in-hospital mortality.ResultsThis study included 22 237 patients before matching (mean [SD] age, 65.9 [16.7] years; 12 350 male patients [55.5%]). After 1:3 propensity score matching, the cohort included 8015 patients (mean [SD] age, 61.0 [17.1] years; 5240 males [65.4%]), among whom 2106 and 5909 patients were in the dexmedetomidine and no dexmedetomidine groups, respectively. Use of dexmedetomidine was associated with a decreased risk of NOAF (371 patients [17.6%] vs 1323 patients [22.4%]; hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71-0.90). Although patients in the dexmedetomidine group had longer median (IQR) length of stays in the ICU (4.0 [2.7-6.9] days vs 3.5 [2.5-5.9] days; P &amp;lt; .001) and hospital (10.0 [6.6-16.3] days vs 8.8 [5.9-14.0] days; P &amp;lt; .001), dexmedetomidine was associated with decreased risk of in-hospital mortality (132 deaths [6.3%] vs 758 deaths [12.8%]; hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.36-0.52).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that dexmedetomidine was associated with decreased risk of NOAF in patients with critical illness, suggesting that it may be necessary and warranted to evaluate this association in future clinical trials.
SGRT‐based DIBH radiotherapy practice for right‐sided breast cancer combined with RNI: A retrospective study on dosimetry and setup accuracy
Authors: Lai Jianjun , Luo Zhizeng , Hu Haili , Jiang Lu , Wu Jing , Lei Lan , Qu Li , Wu Zhibing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe retrospectively studied the dosimetry and setup accuracy of deep inspiration breath‐hold (DIBH) radiotherapy in right‐sided breast cancer patients with regional nodal irradiation (RNI) who had completed treatment based on surface‐guided radiotherapy (SGRT) technology by Sentinel/Catalyst system, aiming to clarify the clinical application value and related issues.MethodsDosimetric indicators of four organs at risk (OARs), namely the heart, right coronary artery (RCA), right lung, and liver, were compared on the premise that the planning target volume met dose‐volume prescription requirements. Meanwhile, the patients were divided into the edge of the xiphoid process (EXP), sternum middle (SM), and left breast wall (LBW) groups according to different positions of respiratory gating primary points. The CBCT setup error data of the three groups were contrasted for the treatment accuracy study, and the effects of different gating window heights on the right lung volume increases were compared among the three groups.ResultsCompared with free breath (FB), DIBH reduced the maximum dose of heart and RCA by 739.3 ± 571.2 cGy and 509.8 ± 403.8 cGy, respectively (p < 0.05). The liver changed the most in terms of the mean dose (916.9 ± 318.9 cGy to 281.2 ± 150.3 cGy, p < 0.05). The setup error of the EXP group in the anterior‐posterior (AP) direction was 3.6 ± 4.5 mm, which is the highest among the three groups. The right lung volume increases in the EXP, SM, and LBW groups were 72.3%, 69.9%, and 67.2%, respectively (p = 0.08), and the corresponding breath‐holding heights were 13.5 ± 3.7 mm, 10.3 ± 2.4 mm, and 9.6 ± 2.8 mm, respectively (p < 0.05).ConclusionsSGRT‐based DIBH radiotherapy can better protect the four OARs of right‐sided breast cancer patients with RNI. Different respiratory gating primary points have different setup accuracy and breath‐hold height.