bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Effects of Car Wash Detergents and Biosurfactants (Rhamnolipids) on the Soil Environment: In Search of a Greener Alternative
Authors: Anthony Best Rinret , Sinkit Youmnan Jalmet , Sudhir Caleb Tama , Helma Abimiku Rejoice 
Published: February 2023

Aims: This study investigates the comparative effects of synthetic car wash and a bio-based surfactant detergent, biotensidon, on the soil environment.
Study Design: Evaluation studies.
Place and Duration of Study: Geology and Woodland laboratory at William Smith Building, University of Keele, in 2018.
Methodology: 1000 g of Topsoil purchased from a local store was dried in the oven at 1100C for 24 hours and its moisture content was determined. 100 g of the soil was irrigated with diluted detergents and cleaning solutions for 5 days. The leachates were then collected and analyzed for pH and Electrical Conductivity (EC) and further analyzed with Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) while the soil sample pellets were with X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) machine.
Results: The colour of soil leachate when physically observed was consistently almost clear for tap water, light yellow for the biotensidon detergent and dark brown for the car wash detergent. For the pH for the same period, the soil leachates were between neutral and mildly alkaline among the different samples. However, for EC, the maximum EC recorded was in soil irrigated with Car Wash Detergent (1157, 1181, 1242, 1390 and 1876 µS/cm) for all of the 5 days. This is followed by soil irrigated with BioTensidon (732, 757, 796, 799 and 836 µS/cm) for the same period while the minimum EC was recorded in soil irrigated with tap water (456, 487, 500, 505 and 553 µS/cm) for the 5 days. The IR analysis of soil leachates showed peak values that did not differ with all the three leachates collected each day, while the XRF analysis showed the major elements SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 to be the most dominant for analyzed samples.
Conclusion: Both detergents examined had similar compositions of ingredients for making detergents. Some of these ingredients are well known to be harmful to humans, soil, water and plants, and these compositions vary between the detergents. Both detergents also have similar compositions of microelements that are essential for plant growth and some that are toxic to plants. However, the car wash detergents showed no amount of the element Lead (Pb). The car wash detergents significantly bleached organic fractions of the topsoil when examined physically. An 8% soil pH increase and 43% soil EC increase were recorded after 5 days of testing by car wash detergents when compared to the biosurfactants. Also, biosurfactants were shown to contain some toxic concentrations that may be unsafe.
Association of Expanded Child Tax Credit Payments With Child Abuse and Neglect Emergency Department Visits
Authors: Bullinger Lindsey Rose , Boy Angela 
Published: February 2023

ImportancePoverty has long been associated with a higher risk for child maltreatment, and recent research suggests that income support policies are associated with reduced child abuse and neglect. However, income supports tied to employment cannot separate the associations of income from those of employment.ObjectiveTo estimate the short-term association of universal and unconditional income payments to parents with child abuse and neglect.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional study, variation in the timing of the 2021 expanded child tax credit (CTC) advance payments was used to determine whether receiving unconditional income is associated with child abuse and neglect. A fixed-effects approach was used to compare child abuse and neglect before and after payments were made in 2021. The study compared 2021 trends with the same period in 2018 and 2019, during which no CTC payments were made. Participants were pediatric emergency department (ED) patients identified as experiencing child abuse or neglect at a level I pediatric hospital system in the Southeastern US from July through December 2021. Data were analyzed from July to August 2022.ExposuresTiming in the disbursement of the expanded CTC advance payments.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDaily child abuse and neglect-related ED visits.ResultsDuring the study period, there were 3169 ED visits related to child abuse or neglect. The 2021 advance payments of the expanded CTC were associated with fewer child abuse and neglect-related ED visits. There was a decrease in these ED visits in the 4 days following the advance CTC payments, although the reduction was not significant (point estimate, −0.22; 95% CI, −0.45 to 0.01; P = .06). There were significant reductions in such ED visits among male children (point estimate, −0.40; 95% CI, −0.75 to −0.06; P = .02) and non-Hispanic White children (point estimate, −0.69; 95% CI, −1.22 to −0.17; P = .01). These reductions did not persist, however.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that federal income supports to parents are associated with immediate reductions in child abuse and neglect-related ED visits. These results are important for discussions of making the temporary expansion of the CTC permanent and are applicable to income support policies more broadly.
Influence of Temperature and Current Stressing on Cu‐Sn Intermetallic Compound Growth Characteristics of Lead‐Free Microbump
Authors: Fu Zhiwei , Wei Qinru , Guo Xiaotong , Fu Xing , Wang Jian , Yang Chao , Guo Huaixin , Yang Jia‐Yue 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA numerical analysis of the Cu flux on Cu/Sn/Cu is successfully used to establish kinetic models that are verified with reported data. Kinetic models are adopted to discuss the polarity effect of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) growth at different alloying stages. The models reveal that, before Sn solder is depleted during thermal aging, the net thermodiffusion Cu flux in Cu6Sn5is over three times larger than that in Cu3Sn. While coupling with current stressing, the IMCs thickness increases from parabola‐like curves to a linear‐like relationship. The degree of influence decreases in the order of Cu6Sn5on anode, Cu6Sn5on cathode, Cu3Sn on anode, and Cu3Sn on cathode. Electromigration Cu flux in Sn is the critical factor that accelerates the anode's Cu6Sn5growth, and its influence on the growth rate over 1000 times that on the anode's Cu3Sn. After Sn solder is depleted, Cu6Sn5gradually converts into Cu3Sn, and its thickness is linearly decreases with square root of annealing time. When coupling with a current density of 1.0 × 105A cm−2, the thickness ratio of Cu3Sn/Cu6Sn5reduces from 1:2 to 1:6. Remarkably, irrespective of whether current exists or not, the depletion of Cu6Sn5always takes much longer than that of Sn solder.
A 3D Tumor‐Mimicking In Vitro Drug Release Model of Locoregional Chemoembolization Using Deep Learning‐Based Quantitative Analyses
Authors: Liu Xiaoya , Wang Xueying , Luo Yucheng , Wang Meijuan , Chen Zijian , Han Xiaoyu , Zhou Sijia , Wang Jiahao , Kong Jian , Yu Hanry , Wang Xiaobo , Tang Xiaoying , Guo Qiongyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrimary liver cancer, with the predominant form as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), remains a worldwide health problem due to its aggressive and lethal nature. Transarterial chemoembolization, the first‐line treatment option of unresectable HCC that employs drug‐loaded embolic agents to occlude tumor‐feeding arteries and concomitantly delivers chemotherapeutic drugs into the tumor, is still under fierce debate in terms of the treatment parameters. The models that can produce in‐depth knowledge of the overall intratumoral drug release behavior are lacking. This study engineers a 3D tumor‐mimicking drug release model, which successfully overcomes the substantial limitations of conventional in vitro models through utilizing decellularized liver organ as a drug‐testing platform that uniquely incorporates three key features, i.e., complex vasculature systems, drug‐diffusible electronegative extracellular matrix, and controlled drug depletion. This drug release model combining with deep learning‐based computational analyses for the first time permits quantitative evaluation of all important parameters associated with locoregional drug release, including endovascular embolization distribution, intravascular drug retention, and extravascular drug diffusion, and establishes long‐term in vitro–in vivo correlations with in‐human results up to 80 d. This model offers a versatile platform incorporating both tumor‐specific drug diffusion and elimination settings for quantitative evaluation of spatiotemporal drug release kinetics within solid tumors.
Robotic Materials Transformable Between Elasticity and Plasticity
Authors: Wang Xinyuan , Meng Zhiqiang , Chen Chang Qing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRobotic materials, with coupled sensing, actuation, computation, and communication, have attracted increasing attention because they are able to not only tune their conventional passive mechanical property via geometrical transformation or material phase change but also become adaptive and even intelligent to suit varying environments. However, the mechanical behavior of most robotic materials is either reversible (elastic) or irreversible (plastic), but not transformable between them. Here, a robotic material whose behavior is transformable between elastic and plastic is developed, based upon an extended neutrally stable tensegrity structure. The transformation does not depend on conventional phase transition and is fast. By integrating with sensors, the elasticity‐plasticity transformable (EPT) material is able to self‐sense deformation and decides whether to undergo transformation or not. This work expands the capability of the mechanical property modulation of robotic materials.
Lateral Perovskite Single‐Crystal Capacitors for Self‐Powered Photodetection
Authors: Zhang Zhen Yu , Sun Lei , Wang Guo Ping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHigh‐quality perovskite single crystals (SCs) are emerging as promising optoelectronic materials and extensive photodetectors have been reported based on their SC frameworks, however, they are all disabled without applied external bias, and this is an evident obstacle for practical applications. Here, self‐powered photodetection (SPD) of perovskite SCs based on capacitance effects is reported when the capacitor releases its previously stored electric power by discharging operations. The capacitive results are highly in accord with numerical simulations of dielectrics, rather than the common ion migration. The lateral structures show good selectivity for local illuminations and consequently the induced self‐driven photovoltaic effects, but such influences on the SPD can be ignored when the capacitors are charged with sufficient electric power. This work first shows an attempt at achieving SPD in the form of lateral capacitors and may provide another new strategy for self‐powered perovskite devices.
Settling and fluidization of tall cylinders in solid‐liquid suspensions
Authors: Derksen Jos J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe numerically study how rigid solid cylinders with a length over diameter aspect ratio of 10 settle through suspensions consisting of uniformly sized solid spheres and Newtonian liquid. We identify regimes with preference for horizontal settling and vertical settling of the cylinders dependent on the overall solids volume fraction (in the range of 0–0.58) and the Archimedes number of the cylinders. These insights we use to interpret the behavior of fluidized suspensions consisting of mixtures of spheres and cylinders with an emphasis on cylinder orientation distributions and slip velocities between solids and liquid phase. The three‐dimensional and time‐dependent simulations explicitly resolve the solid‐liquid interfaces by applying an immersed boundary method contained in a lattice‐Boltzmann flow solver.
Direct Irradiation of (E)‐Styrylpyridin‐2(1H)‐ones to (Z)‐Isomers with Visible Light
Authors: Sui Jingzhi , Li Miaoran , Zhang Zihan , Liang Yong , Wang Tao , Zhang Zunting 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe E to Z isomerization of styrylpyridin‐2(1H)‐ones was achieved through visible light (420 nm) irradiation in dioxane at ambient temperature. Driven by the visible light, (E)‐3‐styrylpyridin‐2(1H)‐ones, (E)‐4‐styrylpyridin‐2(1H)‐ones and (E)‐5‐styrylpyridin‐2(1H)‐ones in dioxane at room temperature under Argon atmosphere were successfully converted to the corresponding (Z)‐styrylpyridin‐2(1H)‐ones in good yields. The described E to Z photoisomerization of styrylpyridin‐2(1H)‐ones proceeded smoothly with the 420 nm blue light, avoided usage of photocatalysts, additives and are easy to operate.
Proton‐Induced Spin State Switching in an FeIII Complex
Authors: Kelly Conor T. , Dunne Sean , Kühne Irina A. , Barker Andrew , Esien Kane , Felton Solveig , Müller‐Bunz Helge , Ortin Yannick , Morgan Grace G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractReversible proton‐induced spin state switching of an FeIII complex in solution is observed at room temperature. A reversible magnetic response was detected in the complex, [FeIII(sal2323)]ClO4 (1), using Evans’ method 1H NMR spectroscopy which indicated cumulative switching from low‐spin to high‐spin upon addition of one and two equivalents of acid. Infrared spectroscopy suggests a coordination‐induced spin state switching (CISSS) effect, whereby protonation displaces the metal‐phenoxo donors. The analogous complex, [FeIII(4‐NEt2‐sal2323)]ClO4 (2), with a diethylamino group on the ligand, was used to combine the magnetic change with a colorimetric response. Comparison of the protonation responses of 1 and 2 reveals that the magnetic switching is caused by perturbation of the immediate coordination sphere of the complex. These complexes constitute a new class of analyte sensor which operate by magneto‐modulation, and in the case of 2, also yield a colorimetric response.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Chemo‐, Regio‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselective Intermolecular [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Three Unsymmetric 2π Components
Authors: Shimotsukue Ryota , Fujii Kohei , Sato Yu , Nagashima Yuki , Tanaka Ken 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe have developed the Rh+/H8‐binap‐catalyzed chemo‐, regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective intermolecular [2+2+2] cycloaddition of three unsymmetric 2π components. Thus, two arylacetylenes react with a cis‐enamide to yield a protected chiral cyclohexadienylamine. Moreover, replacing one arylacetylene with a silylacetylene enables the [2+2+2] cycloaddition of three distinct unsymmetric 2π components. These transformations proceed with excellent selectivity (complete regio‐ and diastereoselectivity and up to >99 % yield and >99 % ee). Mechanistic studies suggest the chemo‐ and regioselective formation of a rhodacyclopentadiene intermediate from the two terminal alkynes.
A Small‐Molecule Fluorescence Probe for Nuclear ATP
Authors: Tamima Umme , Sarkar Sourav , Islam Md Reyazul , Shil Anushree , Kim Kyeong Hwan , Reo Ye Jin , Jun Yong Woong , Banna Hasanul , Lee Soobin , Ahn Kyo Han 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFluorescence monitoring of ATP in different organelles is now feasible with a few biosensors developed, which, however, show low sensitivity, limited biocompatibility, and accessibility. Small‐molecule ATP probes that alleviate those limitations thus have received much attention recently, leading to a few ATP probes that target several organelles except for the nucleus. We disclose the first small‐molecule probe that selectively detects nuclear ATP through reversible binding, with 25‐fold fluorescence enhancement at pH 7.4 and excellent selectivity against various biologically relevant species. Using the probe, we observed 2.1–3.3‐fold and 3.9–7.8‐fold higher nuclear ATP levels in cancerous cell lines and tumor tissues compared with normal cell lines and tissues, respectively, which are explained by the higher nuclear ATP level in the mitosis phase. The probe has great potential for studying nuclear ATP‐associated biology.
A π‐Extended Pentadecabenzo[9]Helicene
Authors: Shen Yun‐Jia , Yao Nai‐Te , Diao Li‐Na , Yang Yang , Chen Xu‐Lang , Gong Han‐Yuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA novel chiral nanographene (i.e.EP9H) with a pentadecabenzo[9]helicene core fragment has been synthesized and fully characterized. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction unambiguously confirms the helical structure. The fluorescence emission ofEP9His located in the near infrared region (λem=684 nm) with a medium quantum yield (0.10) for helicene derivatives. Cyclic voltammetry reveals its seven quasi‐reversible redox states from −2 to +5. Furthermore, enantiopureEP9Hdisplays distinct CD signals in a broad spectral range from 300 to 700 nm. Notably, compared to the reported small organic molecules,EP9Hdisplays an outstanding |glum| value of 4.50×10−2andBCPLas 304 M−1cm−1.
Selective CO2‐to‐C2H4Photoconversion Enabled by Oxygen‐Mediated Triatomic Sites in Partially Oxidized Bimetallic Sulfide
Authors: Wu Yang , Chen Qingxia , Zhu Juncheng , Zheng Kai , Wu Mingyu , Fan Minghui , Yan Wensheng , Hu Jun , Zhu Junfa , Pan Yang , Jiao Xingchen , Sun Yongfu , Xie Yi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSelective CO2photoreduction into C2fuels under mild conditions suffers from low product yield and poor selectivity owing to the kinetic challenge of C−C coupling. Here, triatomic sites are introduced into bimetallic sulfide to promote C−C coupling for selectively forming C2products. As an example, FeCoS2atomic layers with different oxidation degrees are first synthesized, demonstrated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy spectra. Both experiment and theoretical calculation verify more charges aggregate around the introduced oxygen atom, which enables the original Co−Fe dual sites to turn into Co−O−Fe triatomic sites, thus promoting C−C coupling of double *COOH intermediates. Accordingly, the mildly oxidized FeCoS2atomic layers exhibit C2H4formation rate of 20.1 μmol g−1 h−1, with the product selectivity and electron selectivity of 82.9 % and 96.7 %, outperforming most previously reported photocatalysts under similar conditions.
Symmetry‐Broken Intermolecular Charge Separation of Cationic Radicals
Authors: Liu Guanghua , Gao Lei , Han Yi , Xiao Yao , Du Bochao , Gong Jianye , Hu Jinlian , Zhang Fujin , Meng He , Li Xiang , Shi Xueliang , Sun Zhe , Wang Jianguo , Dai Gaole , Chi Chunyan , Wang Qing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA quadrupolar compoundPyr‐BAwith two pyrrole‐type nitrogen atoms doped externally was prepared in this work. In high contrast with other π ionic radicals, its cationic radicalPyr‐BA⋅+undergoes unusual symmetry‐broken charge separation (SB‐CS), generating the mixed valence complex ofPyr‐BA+1−q⋅⋅⋅Pyr‐BA+1+q, whereqis the degree of charge transfer. Variable‐temperature (VT) single‐crystal analysis, absorption and EPR experiments all confirmed that aggregation and lower temperature would help to facilitate this SB‐CS process. Gibbs energy calculations and gauge‐including magnetically induced current simulation both validate that, forPyr‐BA⋅+, SB‐CS behavior is more favorable than the conventional dimerization mode. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that shows solid single‐crystal evidence for spontaneous SB‐CS between identical ionic radicals. Such a unique phenomenon is of great significance both in terms of fundamental aspects and uncharted material science.
Inorganic Solid‐State Nonlinear Optical Switch with a Linearly TunableTcSpanning a Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Yang Yi‐Chang , Liu Xin , Zhu Chu‐Feng , Zhu Lin , Wu Li‐Ming , Chen Ling 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNonlinear optical (NLO) switch materials that turn on/off second‐harmonic generation (SHG) at a phase transition temperature (Tc) are promising for applications in the fields of photoswitching and optical computing. However, precise control ofTcremains challenging, mainly because a linearly tunableTchas not been reported to date. Herein, we report a unique selenate, tetragonalP21c[Ag(NH3)2]2SeO4witha=b=8.5569(2) Å andc=6.5208(2) Å that exhibits a strong SHG intensity (1.3×KDP) and a large birefringence (Δnobv.=0.08). This compound forms a series of isostructural solid‐solution crystals [Ag(NH3)2]2SxSe1−xO4(x=0–1.00) that exhibit excellent NLO switching performance and an unprecedented linearly tunablespanning 430 to 356 K. The breaking of localized hydrogen bonds between SeO42−and the cation triggers a phase transition accompanied by hydrogen bond length changes with increasingxand a linear change in the enthalpy.
To determine the bioactivity of IL‐1β monoclonal antibodies: Introduction of a reliable reporter gene assay
Authors: Chen Shiyu , Fu Zhihao , Yu Chuanfei , Liu Chunyu , Li Meng , Wu Gang , Guo Xiao , Liu Xumei , Wang Lan , Wang Junzhi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIL‐1β is a essential molecule in inflammatory signalling pathways and plays an essential role in inflammatory diseases. Accordingly, the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target IL‐1β has become the focus of developing new anti‐inflammatory drugs. The successful clinical application of therapeutic antibodies is dependent on good quality control, which is based on accurate bioactivity determination. The aim of this work was to develop an elegant and accurate reporter gene assay to determine the bioactivity of anti‐IL‐1β antibody drugs. The D10‐G4‐1 cell line with a naturally high expression of IL‐1 receptor was selected as the effector cell, and the plasmid containing luciferase reporter gene with NF‐κB as a regulatory element was transfected into D10‐G4‐1 cells. After a period of pressure screening, a monoclonal cell line with good reactivity and stable expression of reporter gene was finally screened out. Stimulation of this cell line via IL‐1β addition increased the expression of the luciferase gene by activating the NF‐κB signalling pathway, with the addition of luciferase substrate, which can be quantified by relative luminescence units. When anti‐IL‐1β antibodies are present in the system, the expression of luciferase gene is inhibited, which demonstrates the bioactivity of anti‐IL‐1β antibodies. Detailed methodological optimization and comprehensive methodological validation were followed to establish a reporter gene assay for the bioactivity of anti‐IL‐1β antibodies.
TiO2 nanoparticle enhanced high temperature proton conductivity in hyperbranched sulfonated polyarylene aliphatic ketones for proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications
Authors: Senthil Theerthagiri , Prabukanthan Peethambaram , Paradesi Deivanayagam , Dinakaran Kannaiyan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA new hyperbranched sulfonated poly(arylene aliphatic ketones) (HB‐SPAAK) has been synthesized and loaded with titania nanoparticles to obtain HB‐SPAAK/TiO2 nanocomposites for thermally stable proton‐conducting electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) applications. The synthesis of HB‐SPAAKs was carried out through the polycondensation reaction of different aliphatic and aromatic acids with simultaneous loss of H2O, trifluromethane sulfonic acid used as catalyst. The long chain hyperbranched polymers and TiO2‐loaded nanocomposites were characterized by FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, SEM and HR‐TEM. Proton conductivity (PC), swelling ratio, water uptake and oxidative stability. The SEM image of TiO2 NPs and HB‐SPAAKs/TiO2 nanocomposites membrane clearly showed the spherical of TiO2 and porous structure of HB‐SPAAKs with a pore diameter of 2–50 μm. TEM image reveals the uniform particle size distribution of TiO2 nanoparticles having a nanosize of 100 nm. TiO2 loaded polymer nanocomposites showed lower values of W/U and S/R when compared to the unmodified HB‐SPAAK, while 3% TiO2 loaded HB‐SPAAKs exhibited a threefold increment of proton conductivity of 1.439 × 10−2 S cm−1 compared to HB‐SPAAKs (0.41 x 10−2 S cm−1) and lower than that of Nafion 117 (0.1003 S cm−1 at 80°C). The 5% TiO2 NPs‐embedded with HB‐SPAAKs nanocomposites membranes also presented admirable oxidative stability with a degradation value of 13.8% during immersion in Fenton reagent for 8 h at 70°C.