bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mediterranean outflow water : transformations and pathways into the Gulf of Cádiz
Authors:   , Gasser i Rubinat Marc 
Published: July 2023

The Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) is a dense (¿>1028.5 kg/m3), saline (38.5 g/kg) ocean stream originated in the evaporative Mediterranean basin flowing westward past Espartel Sill as a fast (>1 m/s) and often unstable (as indicated by its gradient Richardson number) gravity current. During its descense into the Gulf of Cadiz, the MOW entrains the overlying North Atlantic Central Water (NACW), until the density difference between both water masses vanishes, and reaches its equilibrium depth. Inertia, Coriolis and frictional forces (both internal and with the bottom), as well as pressure gradients (associated with both seafloor slope and density gradients), play varying roles throughout the MOW’s trajectory. In particular, bathymetric steering due to contouritic, turbiditic and diapiric structures controls the early trajectory of the outflow. Using both historic and current hydrographic data, and a new high-resolution bathymetry of a critical region west of Espartel Sill, we examine the hydrographic characteristics of the MOW and the mechanisms that set its pathway. Our study is complemented with the proposal of simple models that help explain pbservations of vertical mixing in the Strait of Gibraltar and the behavior of the MOW as a gravity current within the Gulf of Cádiz, as well as with a new tool, based on water tributaries methods, that assesses the relative impact of both seafloor slope and Coriolis force in steering the outflow.
La sortida d'aigua mediterrània (MOW) és un corrent oceànic dens (¿>1028.5 kg/m3) i salí (38.5 lg/m3) originat en la conca evaporativa de la Mar Mediterrània que flueix passant la baixa d'Espartel en forma d'un corrent de gravetat molt ràpid (>1 m/s) i sovint inestable (tal i com indica el número de gradient de Richardson). Durant el seu descens al Golf de Cadis, la MOW incorpora les aigües atlàntiques (NACW) suprajacents fins que la diferència de densitat entre ambdues masses d'aigua desapareix i assoleix la fondària d'equilibri. Les forces d'inèrcia, Coriolis i de fricció (tan internes com amb el fons), així com els gradients de pressió (associats amb el pendent del fons i els gradients de densitat), juguen papers variables al llarg de la trajectòria del MOW. En particular, la canalització del flux gràcies a les estructures de tipus contourític, turbidites i diapirs controlen la trajectòria del corrent. Aquest treball examina les característiques hidrogràfiques del MOW i els mecanismes que determinen la seva trajectòria usant dades històriques i modernes, així com una nova batimetria d'alta resolució d'una regió critica a l'oest de la baixa d'Espartel. L'estudi es complementa amb les propostes de models senzills que ajuden a explicar les observacions de barreja vertical a l'Estret de Gibraltar i el comportament de la MOW com un corrent de gravetat al Golf de Cadis, així com una nova eina, basada en metodologies per aigües tributàries, que permet valorar la importància relativa del pendent del fons i la força de Coriolis en la conducció del flux.
PERAN TIM BROADCASTING PADA SIARAN LANGSUNG BALI TV DI ACARA GENDING RARE & BRTV
Authors: Santoso Renaldy Christian , Laksmi Desak Made Suarti , Wiyati Wahyu Sri 
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan atau memaparkan apa kegiatan dan arti dalam broadcasting yang merupakan penyebaran konten, info, melalui banyak media secara meluas dan bisa dikemas dalam bentuk wawancara, pengumuman, program berita, hingga acara televisi yang bersifat entertain atau lebih dikenal dengan entertainment. Penelitian ini disertai dengan rumusan rumusan masalah seperti Peran Tim Broadcasting pada siaran langsung Bali TV di acara Gending Rare & BRTV, hingga tujuan umum diadakannya acara televisi untuk memberikan edukasi, tujuan khusus peran tim broadcasting guna melancarkan jalannya prosesi siaran langsung, manfaat praktis untuk menambah wawasan penulis terhadap budaya lagu bali anak- anak, serta ruang lingkup magang yang berbasis audio-visual.
Analytical Chemistry Concerns of Polynitrogen (NNN) Species
Authors: Ponikvar‐Svet Maja , Liebman Joel F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter describes the analytical chemistry of nitrogen‐rich species, primarily azides, triazenes, hydroxytriazenes, 1,2,3‐triazoles, 1,2,4‐triazoles, tetrazoles, and formazans. Since there is a large variety of these species which have diverse chemical manifestations, our discussion is limited to elements (and species) from hydrogen to phosphorus leaving other elements (and species) for further discussion.
Promoting Exciton Dissociation and Hot Hole Extraction via Hole Transport Layer Engineering Enable Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells With 25.51% Efficiency
Authors: Wen Long , Zheng Liangding , Wang Peng , Yang Lei , Zhao Rongjun , Xie Lin , Hua Yong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEffective exciton dissociation and hot hole extraction in the perovskite layer is of significance for achieving high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs), however, the impact of the hole transport layer (HTL) on the two issues is often ignored. Herein, for the first time, an organic semiconductor (WL) is introduced into the well‐known Spiro‐OMeTAD to afford two different HTLs (Spiro‐OMeTAD, Spiro‐OMeTAD+WL), which allows this to experimentally explore the dynamics process. We found that WL incorporation can significantly enhance hole transport ability and the built‐in electric field of Spiro‐OMeTAD+WL‐based HTL, which helps to promote the exciton dissociation of the perovskite layer. At the same time, transient absorption spectroscopy studies unambiguously demonstrate that the Spiro‐OMeTAD+WL‐based HTL exhibits almost two times higher extraction efficiency of hot holes than that of the control Spiro‐OMeTAD. Thus, the enhanced exciton dissociation and hot hole extraction can result in the reduced charge accumulation at the perovskite/HTL interface and suppressed charge‐carrier recombination in the device. Consequently, the WL‐based device shows significantly enhanced power conversion efficiency from 22.35% to 25.51%. The findings of this work can provide some valuable insights for improving PSCs efficiency in the near future.
Tuning the dxy Orbital Energy Level in 2D Cobalt‐Organic‐Framework via in‐Plane Conjugated Phthalocyanine for Self‐Powered Sensing
Authors: Yue Jiaji , Du Jian , Li Chao , Tao Yehan , Hu Jinwen , Lu Jie , Hu Jinguang , Wang Haisong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPrecisely regulating the d orbital energy level of the transition metal center in the 2D conductive metal‐organic framework (2D cMOF) is critical for determining electrons transfer dynamics and enhancing sensing performances. Herein, this is demonstrated that a 2D cobalt‐MOF, decorated with in‐plane π conjugated phthalocyanine (Pc), acts as a highly electrically conductive nanofiller in a cellulose‐based hydrogel, facilitating the creation of an ultrasensitive self‐powered sensing system. The strong conjugation between the π‐orbital of Pc and the d‐orbital of MOF nanosheets raises the dxy orbital energy level, promoting electrons delocalization. As a result, the optimized 2D MOF@Pc‐based conductive hydrogel achieved the highest electrical conductivity of 78 S m−1 due to enhanced electron transfer kinetics. Moreover, as a key component in a triboelectric nanogenerator, supercapacitors, and sensor module, the overall performance of the assembled self‐powered sensing micro‐system is reinforced, yielding a 75% improvement in sensitivity. The coordination effect between Pc, MOF, and the biopolymers matrix also endowed the hydrogel with outstanding anti‐swelling capacity. Additionally, the wearable smart sensor successfully demonstrated its ability to track physiological data and transmit information in underwater. This work presents a progressive strategy for addressing the intrinsic low conductivity of 2D cMOF nanosheets in the sensing field.
Long‐Lasting Moisture Energy Scavenging in Dry Ambient Air Empowered by a Salt Concentration‐Gradient Cationic Hydrogel
Authors: Kim Eunjong , Ma Xiaoting , Zhou Jiaming , Gao Jingyi , Liu Aohua , Ru Yu , Kim Yoonseob , Lee Seungkyu , Shin Dong‐Myeong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractConverting ambient moisture into electric power is attractive as a next‐generation energy harvesting technology, serving as a countermeasure to overwhelming energy demands due to its sustainability and ubiquitous nature. However, achieving a long‐lasting and high density of electrical power generation at low humidity is challenging. Here, synergizing a water flow and an auxiliary anion migration in tandem with an embedded ion flow in a salt concentration‐gradient cationic gel, these challenges are tackled and developed a moisture‐activated electricity generator (MEG) with longevity (>50 days), low energy loss, and adequate power of 13.8 mW m−2 at low (30%) relative humidity. Witha stacking strategy with combinations of serial and parallel configurations, the electrical output of the MEG module can cover practical electric devices with a broad range of power consumption, unveiling the potential of MEG to power practical appliances sustainably and omnipresently.
Polyetheramine Nematic Spatial Effects Reshape the Inner/Outer Helmholtz Planes for Energetic Zinc Batteries
Authors: Zheng Xinhua , Han Bibo , Sun Jifei , Lu Pengxian , Liang Xiaowei , Wu Song , Chuai Mingyan , Wang Faxing , Liu Shikai , Wu Yuping 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAqueous zinc (Zn) batteries hold significant promise as large‐scale energy storage solutions aimed at mitigating the intermittency of renewable energy. Nevertheless, the Zn anode is plagued by a series of adverse reactions, hindering the development of Zn batteries toward practical applications. Herein, the concept of polyetheramine nematic spatial effects that reshape the inner and outer Helmholtz planes to stabilize Zn anode is introduced. Theoretical calculations and characterizations confirm that the reshaped Helmholtz planes exhibit a water/suflate‐repulsive and homogeneous Zn2+ transport interface, enabling a highly stable Zn anode for energetic Zn batteries. Consequently, the anode‐free Zn half‐cells under the nematic spatial effects of polyetheramine achieve highly stable cycling over 390 h at an areal capacity of 50 mAh cm−2 and over 1500 h at 10 mAh cm−2. The constructed Zn‐V2O5 and Zn‐MnO2 batteries exhibit stable cycle performance over 1000 and 2000 cycles, respectively. Importantly, the enlarged Zn‐MnO2 pouch cell with a capacity of 300 mAh demonstrates a specific capacity of 176 mAh g−1 after stable 300 cycles. Moreover, the constructed Zn‐MnO2 pouch cell displays a successful integration with photovoltaic panels along with notable safety features. This superior electrical double‐layer regulation strategy offers valuable insights into the development of practical Zn batteries.
A Customized Janus Hydrogel with Robust Bio‐Adhesion and Multi‐Mode Disinfection for Rapid Recovery of Multi‐Drug‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus‐Infected Open Wounds
Authors: Yan Danning , Liu Xiangmei , Mao Congyang , Wang Chaofeng , Liu Hanpeng , Li Zhaoyang , Zhu Shengli , Jiang Hui , Cui Zhenduo , Zheng Yufeng , Wu Shuilin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOpen wounds damage the integrity of the injured tissues and expose them to bacterial infections. Traditional wounds suturing often lead to the reinjuring of the damaged tissues. This delays the healing process, especially in the presence of a bacterial infection. A Janus hydrogel adhesive with bio‐adhesion and multi‐mode disinfection (BAMD) capabilities (a BAMD hydrogel) is developed using a spin‐coating process, which can serve as an alternative to traditional sutures. The organic–inorganic hybrid combination of the Chinese‐medicine organic small molecule rhein (Rhe) and graphene oxide (GO) endows the BAMD hydrogel with dual‐mode antibacterial activity driven by photodynamic (PD) and photothermal (PT) effects including short‐term rapid disinfection (15‐min irradiation, with a 99.95% bactericidal rate) and long‐term antibacterial action in the absence of light (100% bactericidal rate after 6 h of dark incubation). The in vivo results demonstrated a 97.25% bactericidal rate of the BAMD hydrogel against MRSA. Throughout the wound recovery process, the BAMD hydrogel effectively reduced inflammation and promoted tissue healing. This versatile strategy offers new insights into preventing postoperative tissue adhesion and sealing and repairing large‐scale tissue damage.
Decoupling Nucleation and Growth of Crystal for DMSO‐Free Self‐Assembly Tin Perovskite Films and Their Optoelectronic Application
Authors: Dong He , Huang Rui , Gao Weiyin , Li Wangyue , Ran Xueqin , Chao Lingfeng , Wang Xiaobo , Zhou Yipeng , Wu Zhongbin , Chen Yonghua , Ran Chenxin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTin (Sn)‐based perovskites show significant potential in lead‐free perovskite optoelectronics. Currently, the spin‐coating method combining DMSO co‐solvent and antisolvent‐dropping has been adopted to produce Sn‐based perovskite films. However, DMSO intrinsically oxidizes Sn2+ while fast antisolvent‐dropping causes serious coupling between crystal nucleation and growth, leading to the easy formation of defects and poor stability of Sn‐based perovskite films. Herein, hydrazine acetate (HAAc) ionic salt, possessing strong coordination ability with Sn2+, is developed to stabilize Sn2+ and decouple the crystallization by promoting pre‐formed crystals (PFCs) in precursor solution and enabling the self‐assembly of PFCs during spin‐coating. The HAxFA1‐xSnI3 films fabricated by this PFCs self‐assembly technique show tunable bandgap, low defect density, and oriented crystals, producing optoelectronic devices with decent photovoltaic and electroluminescence performance. The DMSO‐free one‐step film‐forming enabled by HAAc‐assisted crystallization decoupling can open up new avenues for facile and low‐cost manufacturing of efficient and stable optoelectronic devices adopting Sn‐based perovskite films.
In@Mn3O4 with Rich Interface Low‐Coordination Mn Active Sites for Boosting Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Wu Tingkai , Du Yue , Zuo Zhi‐Jun , Li Shaoquan , Wu Jinting , Gao Jian , Mu Tiansheng , Zhang Yong‐Chao , Zhu Xiao‐Dong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractElectrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a potential strategy for green synthesis of ammonia. However, the lack of efficient catalysts with both high activity and high selectivity restricts the development of electrocatalytic NRR. In this study, a simple water‐based redox method is used to synthesize the core–shell nanoparticle catalyst with 2D Mn3O4 nanoparticle as shell and In as core. The Mn3O4 nanoparticle shell with rich interface low‐coordination Mn helps to provide more active sites for electrocatalytic NRR. At the same time, the In nucleus gives electrons to the Mn3O4 nanoparticle shell, jointly promotes the adsorption and activation of nitrogen, as well as the enhancement of NRR activity. Moreover, the designed Mn3O4 shell is hydrophobicity, which effectively reduces the side reaction of hydrogen evolution of H proton generated from water dissociation, and the selectivity of NRR is improved. In 0.1 m Na2SO4, the ammonia yield of In@Mn3O4 is 89.44 µg h−1 mgcat−1 (−0.9 V vs RHE) and the maximum Faradaic efficiency is 27.01% at −0.7 V (vs RHE), superior to most reported catalysts. The unique core–shell structure and the design of low Mn coordination provide unique insights for the regulation of the nitrogen–water interface environment and rational design of advanced NRR electrocatalysts.
Enzyme‐Mediated In Situ Self‐Assembly AIE Probes: Mapping the Distribution of Acetylcholinesterase in Aging Mice Brain
Authors: Zhu Zhirong , Hu Shanshan , Zhang Youheng , Liu Shichang , Cai Chuandong , Wang Yu , Yu Qianqian , Liang Jiahui , Shi Yiqi , Yang Haojian , Zhao Xiaolei , Cao Lu , Wang Qi , Zhu Wei‐Hong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAcetylcholinesterase (AChE) exhibits profound association with the underlying pathological mechanisms of aging‐related disorders. However, revealing the spatial distribution of AChE among whole‐brain remains an uncharted territory, posing a substantial challenge. Herein, a dual regulation strategy to obtain an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐activable probe for high‐fidility mapping of AChE in the brain is proposed. The well‐tailored probe (AChE‐QM‐2) consists of four components: AChE‐specific cleavage unit (dimethylcarbamate), self‐immolative linker (p‐hydroxybenzyl alcohol), AIE framework (Py‐QM), and electron‐donor group (EDG). The hydrophilic pyridine salt of AChE‐QM‐2 improves its dispersity, collaborating with EDG to lower its ΔES1‐T1 and HOMO‐LUMO energy gap, resulting reduced fluorescence quantum yield (Φf) and initial off‐fluorescence state. Moreover, optimizing EDGs further enhance the probe's responsive performance and extend its wavelength. Upon AChE‐activization, AChE‐QM‐2 undergoes deionization, resulting in molecule aggregation and increased Φf, further triggering amplified AIE signal. AChE‐QM‐2 has successfully realized monitoring of endogenous AChE in PC12 cells, tissues and living mice. Furthermore, utilizing light‐sheet microscopy, spatial mapping of the intracranial AChE, providing a highly specialized visualization of its localization within the brain, is achieved for the first time. This study satisfactorily demonstrates a valuable strategy for designing ultra‐sensitive AIE enzymatic probes, highlighting their potential for precise analysis in fundamental life science research.
Colon‐Targeted Ginseng Polysaccharides‐Based Microspheres for Improving Ulcerative Colitis via Anti‐Inflammation and Gut Microbiota Modulation
Authors: Huo De‐yang , Li Yan‐fei , Song Ling‐jie , Zhang Wen‐xin , Li Xin‐dian , Zhang Jing , Ren Shen , Wang Zi , Li Wei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNatural plant‐derived polysaccharides exhibit substantial potential for treating ulcerative colitis (UC) owing to their anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties and favorable safety profiles. However, their practical application faces several challenges, including structural instability in gastric acid, imprecise targeting of inflamed regions, and limited intestinal retention times. To address these limitations, pH‐responsive, colon‐targeting microspheres (pWGPAC MSs) are developed for delivering phosphorylated wild ginseng polysaccharides (pWGP) to alleviate UC. These pWGPAC MSs are fabricated by incorporating pWGP into calcium‐crosslinked alginate microspheres with subsequent chitosan surface modification to enhance mucosal adhesion. These pWGPAC MSs demonstrated exceptional stability under acidic conditions while enabling targeted release in the colon. In a mouse model of UC, the pWGPAC MSs effectively mitigated mucosal injury, attenuated inflammation, and restored intestinal barrier function. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that these pWGPAC MSs modulated the TLR4/MYD88 signaling pathway and promoted M2 macrophage polarization. Integrated microbiome and metabolome analyses demonstrated that these pWGPAC MSs regulated the gut microbiota composition and decreased pro‐inflammatory metabolite levels. In addition, these microspheres demonstrated promising safety profiles. Collectively, these findings establish pWGPAC MSs as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of UC and provide a solid foundation for future clinical applications.
Transferrin‐Based Bismuth Nanoparticles for Radiotherapy with Immunomodulation Against Orthotopic Glioma
Authors: Huang Xiaoyu , Ge Wei , Li Shuxian , Huang Ruofan , Wang Fu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractModern radiotherapy frequently employs radiosensitizers for radiation dose deposition and triggers an immunomodulatory effect to enhance tumor destruction. However, developing glioma‐targeted sensitizers remains challenging due to the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and multicomponent instability. This study aims to green‐synthesize transferrin–bismuth nanoparticles (TBNPs) as biosafe radiosensitizers to enhance X‐ray absorption by tumors and stimulate the immune response for glioma therapy. The proposed protein‐based strategy provides TBNPs with BBB‐crossing ability and prevents off‐target toxicity. Cellular experiments following 4 Gy of X‐ray irradiation reveal that TBNPs increase DNA damage in glioma cells and trigger immunomodulation, thereby inducing immunogenic cell death. Furthermore, TBNPs effectively inhibit tumor growth through synergistic radiotherapy and immunotherapy in an orthotopic glioma mouse model. The findings highlight TBNPs as promising radiosensitizers for effective and biosafe radiotherapy with immunomodulation.
Self‐Sustained Biophotocatalytic Nano‐Organelle Reactors with Programmable DNA Switches for Combating Tumor Metastasis
Authors: Han Wenshuai , Ding Jiayi , Qiao Bo , Yu Yingjie , Sun Hao , Crespy Daniel , Landfester Katharina , Mao Xiangzhao , Jiang Shuai 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMetastasis, the leading cause of mortality in cancer patients, presents challenges for conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to its reliance on localized light and oxygen application to tumors. To overcome these limitations, a self‐sustained organelle‐mimicking nanoreactor is developed here with programmable DNA switches that enables bio‐chem‐photocatalytic cascade‐driven starvation‐photodynamic synergistic therapy against tumor metastasis. Emulating the compartmentalization and positional assembly strategies found in living cells, this nano‐organelle reactor allows quantitative co‐compartmentalization of multiple functional modules for the designed self‐illuminating chemiexcited PDT system. Within the space‐confined nanoreactor, biofuel glucose is converted to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which enhances luminol‐based chemiluminescence (CL), consequently driving the generation of photochemical singlet oxygen (1O2) via chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer. Meanwhile, hemoglobin functions as a synchronized oxygen supplier for both glucose oxidation and PDT, while also exhibiting peroxidase‐like activity to produce hydroxyl radicals (·OH). Crucially, the nanoreactor keeps switching off in normal tissues, with on‐demand activation in tumors through toehold‐mediated strand displacement. These findings demonstrate that this nanoreactor, which is self‐sufficient in light and oxygen and precise in striking tumors, presents a promising paradigm for managing highly metastatic cancers.
Alignment, Rising, Sticking, and Phototaxis: Modulating the Behavior of Hematite Micropeanuts
Authors: Rivas David P. , Shah Zameer Hussain , Shum Henry , Das Sambeeta 
Published: January 2025

AbstractArtificial active colloids are an active area of research in the field of active matter and microrobotic systems. In particular, light‐driven semiconductor particles are shown to display interesting behaviors ranging from phototaxis (movement toward or away from a light source), rising from the substrate, interparticle attraction, attraction to the substrate, or other phenomena. However, these observations involve using multiple different designs of particles in varying conditions, making it unclear how the experimental parameters, such as pH, peroxide concentration, and light intensity, affect the outcomes. In this work, a peanut‐shaped hematite semiconductor particle is shown to exhibit a rich range of behavior as a function of the experimental conditions. The particles show rising, sticking, phototaxis, and in‐plane alignment of their long axes perpendicular to a magnetic field. A theoretical model accounting for gravity, van der Waals forces, electric double layer interactions with the glass surface, and self‐diffusiophoresis is formulated to describe the system. Using experimental data on the dependence of particle behavior on pH and ionic concentrations, the model captures the interplay of competing effects and explains many of the observed behaviors, providing insight into the relevant physical phenomena and how different environmental conditions can lead to such a rich diversity of behavior.