bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Readmissions and postdischarge mortality by race and ethnicity among Medicare beneficiaries with multimorbidity
Authors: Wei Melissa Y. , Cho Jinmyoung 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDisparities in readmission risk and reasons they might exist among diverse complex patients with multimorbidity, disability, and unmet social needs have not been clearly established. These characteristics may be underestimated in claims‐based studies where individual‐level data are limited. We sought to examine the risk of readmissions and postdischarge mortality by race and ethnicity after rigorous adjustment for multimorbidity, physical functioning, and sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics.MethodsWe used Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data linked to Medicare claims. To obtain ICD‐9‐CM diagnostic codes to compute the ICD‐coded multimorbidity‐weighted index (MWI‐ICD) we used Medicare Parts A and B (inpatient, outpatient, carrier) files between 1991–2015. Participants must have had at least one hospitalization between January 1, 2000 and September 30, 2015 and continuous enrollment in fee‐for‐service Medicare Part A 1‐year prior to hospitalization. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the association of MWI‐ICD with 30‐day readmissions and mortality 1‐year postdischarge. Using HRS data, we adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, physical activity, education, household net worth, and living arrangement/marital status, and examined for effect modification by race and ethnicity.ResultsThe final sample of 10,737 participants had mean ± SD age 75.9 ± 8.7 years. Hispanic adults had the highest mean MWI‐ICD (16.4 ± 10.1), followed by similar values for White (mean 14.8 ± 8.9) and Black (14.7 ± 8.9) adults. MWI‐ICD was associated with a higher odds of readmission, and there was no significant effect modification by race and ethnicity. For postdischarge mortality, a 1‐point increase MWI‐ICD was associated with a 3% higher odds of mortality (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.03–1.04), which did not significantly differ by race and ethnicity.ConclusionsMultimorbidity was associated with a monotonic increased odds of 30‐day readmission and 1‐year postdischarge mortality across all race and ethnicity groups. There was no significant difference in readmission or mortality risk by race and ethnicity after robust adjustment.
Plastic value chain and performance metric framework for optimal recycling
Authors: Olatayo Kunle Ibukun , Mativenga Paul T. , Marnewick Annlizé L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite the promotion of plastic recycling to sustainably manage plastic waste and advance the circular economy, existing plastic recycling systems globally are largely experiencing low performance and growth. To transition to world‐class plastic material recycling and circularity, defining the metrics that impact the performance of a plastic recycling system is crucial. Bringing together existing literature, this study developed a conceptual framework, comprised of eight key performance metrics, for benchmarking recycling success or assessing the degree to which the performance of any plastic recycling system is optimal. Through a value chain approach, the specific performance metrics relevant to each stage of the plastic recycling system, their objectives, and the actors characterizing the system were analyzed in detail. Also, specific maturity models were developed to measure the performance of any plastic recycling system. This framework provides essential knowledge for related stakeholders to inform further development of plastic recycling and a circular economy.
Middle‐Managerial Deviance as a Response to Structural Strain: Rescoping, Reconfiguring and Replacing Norms
Authors: Azambuja Ricardo , Islam Gazi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper examines how middle managers subvert organizational norms through diverse forms of deviance. Considering deviance not only in its negative sense, but including elements of adaptability and innovation, we draw on Mertonian theorizing around structural strains to explain deviance as resulting from mismatches between organizational norms and everyday work ‘on‐the‐ground’, with deviance practices feeding back iteratively into norm formation itself. Drawing upon observations, shadowing and interviews in a Brazilian accounting firm, we explore how deviance follows from incompatible pressures and norms across organizational levels and locations, and is realized in creative practical operationalizations of, and reaction to, conflicting norms. Through thick descriptions of three exemplary cases, we examine middle‐managerial deviance at varying level of detachment from, and dialogical relation to, norms. On this basis, we advance a multifaceted conceptualization of deviance – rescoping, reconfiguring and replacing norms – accounting for its conditions of emergence, diversity of mechanisms, and repercussions on middle managers' agency and organizational functioning and norms. Our findings demonstrate that deviance paves the way for new norm formation, reconciling contradictory constraints while consolidating middle managers' power over and beyond their official mandates.
The influence of horizontal glass fiber posts on fracture strength and fracture pattern of endodontically treated teeth: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of in vitro studies
Authors: Abdulrab Saleem , Geerts Greta , Al‐Maweri Sadeq Ali , Alhajj Mohammed Nasser , Alhadainy Hatem , Ba‐Hattab Raidan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to summarize available evidence regarding the effect of horizontal glass fiber posts (HGFPs) on fracture strength and fracture pattern of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) compared to controls without HGFP. The review protocol was registered on the OSF registries.MethodsLiterature searches were conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, and ProQuest for all relevant studies published up to February 2022. All in vitro studies that assessed the influence of HGFPs on fracture strength and fracture pattern of ETT whether mesio‐occluso‐distal or mesio‐occlusal or DO cavities were considered eligible. Review Manager (RevMan) was used for the meta‐analysis. Subgroup and funnel plot analyses were also performed. Quality assessment was conducted by two independent reviewers.ResultsA total of 12 articles met the inclusion criteria, and 10 studies underwent quantitative evaluation. The pooled effect showed that fracture resistance of molar teeth restored with HGFP was significantly higher than teeth without HGFP (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.14, 3.09,p = 0.03), whereas marginally significant for premolars (SMD: 1.36, 95% CI: −0.00, 2.73,p = 0.05). Regarding fracture patterns, the presence of an HGFP significantly increased the occurrence of restorable fracture patterns for premolars (odds ratios [OR]: 4.15, 95% CI: 1.60, 10.82,p = 0.004) compared to controls, whereas the difference was not significant for molars (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.43, 2.77,p = 0.85). Moderate risk of bias was identified in 9/12 studies; one study showed a high risk of bias and two studies showed a low risk of bias.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, there is evidence from in vitro studies that the use of HGFP increases the fracture resistance of the ETT when compared to teeth without HGFP and also reduces the occurrence of non‐restorable fractures for premolars. However, well‐conducted in vitro and prospective clinical studies are warranted to validate this finding.
Grand challenges and emerging market small and medium enterprises: The role of strategic agility and gender diversity
Authors: Zahoor Nadia , Khan Huda , Donbesuur Francis , Khan Zaheer , Rajwani Tazeeb 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the role played by strategic agility and gender diversity in enabling the creation of value for grand challenges (VCGCs) by small and medium‐sized enterprises originating from emerging markets (ESMEs). ESMEs face significant challenges due to the dynamic environments in which they operate and the limited support they receive from formal institutions. In such contexts, strategic agility enables ESMEs to drive VCGCs through responsible collaborative innovation. We further argue that gender diversity is an important boundary condition that influences the effect of strategic agility on VCGCs via responsible collaborative innovation. Utilizing 228 survey responses from ESMEs originating from the United Arab Emirates (UAE), our findings shed light on the vital role played by strategic agility in enhancing ESMEs' VCGCs. Specifically, our findings indicate that responsible collaborative innovation acts as an important mediating mechanism between strategic agility and VCGCs. In addition, gender diversity emerges as an important moderating factor in that, in the presence of more heterogeneous senior management teams, the effect of strategic agility on VCGCs through the mediating mechanism of responsible collaborative innovation is higher. These findings contribute to the literature on dynamic capabilities, upper echelons, and grand challenges by providing important insights into the mechanisms and boundary conditions of VCGCs in the context of emerging market firms.
Best practices in new product development and innovation: Results from PDMA's 2021 global survey
Authors: Knudsen Mette Praest , von Zedtwitz Max , Griffin Abbie , Barczak Gloria 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExtending 30 years of NPD best practice studies, this paper presents the results of the most recent 2021 global best practice survey on product development management practices conducted by the Product Development & Management Association (PDMA). With responses from 651 companies in 37 countries, the results reveal once again that no single capability is necessary or sufficient to explain the best performance. The Best firms rely on the skillful combination of multiple new product development (NPD) practices to achieve greater overall innovation success. However, for the first time in this series of research, having an innovation strategy that encourages radical innovation, is oriented toward risk‐taking and long‐term, and strives for growth through new markets and new technologies is now a more important component of these practices than was previously found. Further results regarding the practices of the Best are discussed in the paper, and implications are provided.
Effects of short naps during simulated night shifts on alertness and cognitive performance in young adults
Authors: Sakai Amiru , Kawamoto Nami , Hayashi Mitsuo 
Published: January 2023

SummaryWhile short daytime naps have been found to provide alertness and performance benefits without inducing sleep inertia, the effects of a similar napping strategy during nights shifts are largely unknown. This study examined the effects of a 20‐min nap (scheduled at 2:00 a.m.) during night shifts among 16 participants (mean [SD] age 22.0 [1.08] years) who worked in a simulated night shift from midnight (12:00 a.m.) to morning (ending at 6:00 or 8:00 a.m.). The participants underwent both a ‘nap condition’ and a ‘no‐nap condition’ by engaging in repeated 10‐min tasks (four‐choice reaction time tasks and vigilance tasks) and 10‐min rest. The results showed that compared to the no‐nap condition, sleepiness was significantly lower in the nap condition between 3:20 and 5:20 a.m. (p < 0.05). The nap condition also yielded significantly better performance in the vigilance tasks between 2:40 and 5:40 a.m., except at 4:40 am (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found in sleepiness and performance in the vigilance task at 5:40 a.m. or immediately after the nap between the two conditions. The results showed that a 20‐min nap at 2:00 a.m. did not induce sleep inertia upon waking. Furthermore, it mitigated sleepiness and sustained work performance for 3 h after the nap. However, the effect of napping was no longer observed near the end of the night shift. Considering risks of falling asleep while driving home from work that may cause a traffic accident, further research should examine ways to mitigate sleepiness after a night shift.
Is prior knowledge essential? Additional training opportunities restore sleep‐associated memory benefits under conditions of low prior knowledge
Authors: Cordi Maren J. , Schreiner Thomas , Rasch Björn 
Published: January 2023

SummarySleep‐mediated memory benefits are modulated by several factors. Prior knowledge is assumed critical for consolidation during sleep, despite inconclusive empirical findings. Additionally, prior knowledge facilitates encoding, leading to differences in memory strength already before the retention filled with sleep. We tested whether increasing memory strength of unfamiliar learning material pre‐sleep can restore sleep‐mediated memory benefits in cases of low prior knowledge. One‐hundred and fifty‐four healthy young students learned translations of Dutch words. One group was German‐speaking, the other French‐speaking. As French is less similar to Dutch than German, we expected a lower prior knowledge in French participants. We manipulated memory strength during pre‐sleep encoding by varying the number of learning possibilities (one and two rounds for German‐speaking, two and three rounds for French‐speaking participants). When using the same learning paradigm for both groups (two rounds), lower prior knowledge modulated sleep‐mediated memory benefits: French‐speaking participants showed no advantage in memory after nighttime sleep compared with daytime wakefulness. In contrast, German‐speaking participants showed robust sleep‐mediated memory benefits. However, increasing memory strength before sleep restored sleep‐mediated memory benefits in French subjects to a level of German‐speaking participants. Conversely, reducing the training in German‐speaking participants reduced sleep‐mediated memory benefits. Our results show that prior knowledge and memory strength strongly modulate sleep‐associated memory benefits. However, in cases of low prior knowledge, sleep‐mediated memory benefits can be successfully restored by additional training. While prior knowledge might modulate encoding and consolidation processes more generally, its effect on sleep‐specific processes of memory retention might be less important than previously assumed.
Horner syndrome as a physiological biomarker of disease in canine cervical myelopathy
Authors: Murthy Vishal D. , Phillips Kathryn , Knipe Marguerite , Giuffrida Michelle , Li Chai‐Fei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundHorner syndrome often occurs with cervical myelopathies and might provide insight into the underlying disease and prognosis.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical and imaging features of dogs with cervical myelopathy and concurrent Horner syndrome and to determine association of Horner syndrome with diseases or magnetic resonance images (MRI).AnimalsNinety‐three client‐owned dogs with cervical myelopathy and concurrent Horner syndrome and 99 randomly selected client‐owned dogs with cervical myelopathy without Horner syndrome (control cases).MethodsRetrospective study. Medical records were reviewed to identify Horner and control cases and clinical findings recorded. MRI were reviewed, and lesions characterized and recorded. Descriptive and comparative statistics were performed.ResultsNon‐compressive disease occurred more frequently in the Horner group compared with controls (58%; 95% CI: 48‐68 vs 9%; 95% CI: 5‐16; P < .0001). The most common diseases were fibrocartilaginous embolism in the Horner group (44/93; 47%) and intervertebral disc extrusion (76/99; 77%) amongst controls. On MRI, parenchymal hyperintensity was seen more commonly in the Horner group (95%; 95% CI: 88‐98) compared with controls (51%; 95% CI: 41‐60; P < .0001). In the Horner group, dogs that did not survive to discharge (N = 13) had more extensive MRI lesions relative to the adjacent vertebral length (200%; IQR 110%‐575%) compared with survivors (N = 80; 110%; IQR 40%‐250%; P = .02). Lateralization of Horner signs and MRI changes matched in 54% of cases. The overall survival rate was high in both Horner (80/93; 86%) and control (95/99; 96%) groups.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHorner syndrome in cervical myelopathy is commonly associated with noncompressive intraparenchymal disease.
Genomic health is dependent on long‐term population demographic history
Authors: Wootton Eric , Robert Claude , Taillon Joëlle , Côté Steeve D. , Shafer Aaron B. A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCurrent genetic methods of population assessment in conservation biology have been challenged by genome‐scale analyses due to their quantitatively novel insights. These analyses include assessments of runs‐of‐homozygosity (ROH), genomic evolutionary rate profiling (GERP), and mutational load. Here, we aim to elucidate the relationships between these measures using three divergent ungulates: white‐tailed deer, caribou, and mountain goat. The white‐tailed deer is currently expanding, while caribou are in the midst of a significant decline. Mountain goats remain stable, having suffered a large historical bottleneck. We assessed genome‐wide signatures of inbreeding using the inbreeding coefficient F and %ROH (FROH) and identified evolutionarily constrained regions with GERP. Mutational load was estimated by identifying mutations in highly constrained elements (CEs) and sorting intolerant from tolerant (SIFT) mutations. Our results showed that F and FROH are higher in mountain goats than in caribou and white‐tailed deer. Given the extended bottleneck and low Ne of the mountain goat, this supports the idea that the genome‐wide effects of demographic change take time to accrue. Similarly, we found that mountain goats possess more highly constrained CEs and the lowest dN/dS values, both of which are indicative of greater purifying selection; this is also reflected by fewer mutations in CEs and deleterious mutations identified by SIFT. In contrast, white‐tailed deer presented the highest mutational load with both metrics, in addition to dN/dS, while caribou were intermediate. Our results demonstrate that extended bottlenecks may lead to reduced diversity and increased FROH in ungulates, but not necessarily an increase in mutational load, probably due to the purging of deleterious alleles in small populations.
Isolation of lymph shows dysregulation of STAT3 and CREB pathways in the spleen and liver during leukemia development in a rat model
Authors: Steinskog Eli Sihn Samdal , Finne Kenneth , Wagner Marek , Enger Marianne , Helgeland Lars , Iversen Per Ole , McCormack Emmet , Wiig Helge , Tenstad Olav 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and aimsAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignant condition characterized by massive infiltration of poorly differentiated white blood cells in the blood stream, bone marrow, and extramedullary sites. During leukemic development, hepatosplenomegaly is expected to occur because large blood volumes are continuously filtered through these organs. We asked whether infiltration of leukemic blasts initiated a response that could be detected in the interstitial fluid phase of the spleen and liver.Material and MethodsWe used a rat model known to mimic human AML in growth characteristics and behavior. By cannulating efferent lymphatic vessels from the spleen and liver, we were able to monitor the response of the microenvironment during AML development.Results and DiscussionFlow cytometric analysis of lymphocytes showed increased STAT3 and CREB signaling in spleen and depressed signaling in liver, and proteins related to these pathways were identified with a different profile in lymph and plasma in AML compared with control. Additionally, several proteins were differently regulated in the microenvironment of spleen and liver in AML when compared with control.ConclusionInterstitial fluid, and its surrogate efferent lymph, can be used to provide unique information about responses in AML‐infiltered organs and substances released to the general circulation during leukemia development.
Investigation of the Characteristics and Mechanism of Interosseous Membrane Injuries in Typical Maisonneuve Fracture
Authors: He Jinquan , Ma Xinlong , Hu Yongcheng , Wang Shuli , Cao Hongbing , Li Nan , Wang Guixin , Guo Lin , Zhao Bin 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesPrevious studies on the mechanism and scope of interosseous membrane injury in Maisonneuve fractures have been inconsistent. In order to better guide clinical treatment, the characteristics and mechanism of interosseous membrane injuries and proximal 1/3 fibular fracture in typical Maisonneuve fracture were investigated.MethodsThe study comprised 15 patients between January 2019 and June 2021 with Maisonneuve fracture. All patients received X‐ray and MRI examination of the calf and ankle joint, and CT scanning of the ankle joint. The injuries of medial structure, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, fibula, posterior malleolus, and interosseous membrane were evaluated.ResultsMR images of the calf showed that the injury of interosseous membrane (IOM) was from the syndesmosis to the proximal fibular fracture site in two patients, with a range of 32.3 and 29.8 cm, respectively. In the other 13 patients, the IOM rupture was not only confined to the distal third of the calf, but also close to the fibula fracture, and the IOM was intact between the two fracture sites. The range of distal IOM rupture was 3.7–12.2 cm, with an average of 8.06 ± 2.35 cm. The proximal IOM was completely ruptured from the fibular side at the site of the fibular fracture and the range was 4.1–9.1 (average: 6.75 ± 1.64) cm. The average length of the integrate middle segment of the IOM was 14.55 ± 4.11 (5.6–20.3) cm. MR images of the calf also showed partial rupture of the posterior tibial muscle at the ending point on the fibula in 15 cases, partial rupture of soleus muscle and flexor hallucis longus in seven cases.ConclusionsThe rupture of the IOM was caused by a combination of abduction and external rotation violence. It was manifested in two forms, most of which was not only distal end but also near fibular fracture site ruptures with the middle part intact, and a few were ruptures of the IOM from the ankle to the near fibular fracture site. The tibialis posterior muscle may be related to the location of the fibular fracture.
Impact of Tuition‐Free Education Policy on Child Marriage and Early Childbearing: Does Secondary Matter More?
Authors: Bhuwania Pragya , Huh Kate , Heymann Jody 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChild marriage and early childbearing severely impact maternal and child health as well as long‐term economic outcomes. Given their continued high incidence, analyzing the feasibility of effective national interventions remains crucial. While cross‐sectional surveys and a few small‐scale randomized experiments suggest delays in marriage and childbearing associated with secondary schooling, the impact of policies that advance secondary school at a national scale is largely unknown. Using a quasi‐experimental research design, we examine whether making secondary school tuition‐free delayed marriage and childbearing. We use a difference‐in‐differences strategy that exploits the natural variation in the timing of policy rollout in five sub‐Saharan African countries. Using the Demographic and Health Surveys, we estimate the impact of the policy change by comparing changes in outcomes over the study period between girls who were exposed to the policy to those who were not. We find that tuition‐free secondary reduced the probability of marriage and childbearing before 15 and 18 years of age. We observed significantly larger effects associated with tuition‐free secondary over tuition‐free primary for all outcomes. Our findings show it is important to support tuition‐free secondary education as a policy instrument to delay marriage and childbirth, especially given current high rates and their long‐term health and economic consequences.