bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved estimates of abortion rates in tsetse (Glossina spp.)
Authors: Hargrove J. W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAbortion rates were assessed among 170, 846 tsetse (154,228 Glossina pallidipes and 19,618 Glossina morsitans morsitans) sampled in Zimbabwe in 1988–1999. The study produced improved estimates of abortion rates and how these varied with fly age and size and temperatures experienced during pregnancy. An abortion was diagnosed if the uterus was empty and the largest oocyte <0.82 of the expected mature length. Abortion rates for G. pallidipes and G. m. morsitans were 0.64% (95% ci: 0.59–0.69) and 0.83% (0.62–1.10) for trapped flies and 2.03% (1.77–2.31) and 1.55% (1.20–1.98) for flies from artificial refuges. Abortion rates increased with increasing temperature and decreased with increasing wing length and wing fray. Contrary to laboratory findings, abortion rates did not increase in the oldest flies. Percentages of tsetse with empty uteri, regardless of abortion status, were significantly higher than estimated abortion percentages. For tsetse from traps, 4.01% (95% ci: 3.90–4.13) of G. pallidipes and 2.52% (2.14–2.95) of G. m. morsitans had empty uteri; for flies from artificial refuges, the percentages were 12.69% (12.07–13.34) and 14.90% (13.82–16.02), respectively. Abortion losses are small relative to losses at all other stages of life.
Current state of clinical trials on xenograft
Authors: El Masri Jad , Afyouni Ahmad , Ghazi Maya , Baroud Tarek , Al Majdalany Doha , Saleh Aalaa , El Assaad Hadi , Salameh Pascale 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundXenotransplantation is a worth investing branch of science, since it aims to fulfil the demand on human cells, tissues and organs. Despite decades of consistent work in preclinical assessments, clinical trials on xenotransplantation are far from reaching the targeted goal. Our study aims to track the characteristics, assess the content and summarize the plan of each trial on skin, beta‐island, bone marrow, aortic valve and kidney xenografts, leading to a clear sorting of efforts made in this field.MethodsIn December 2022, we searched clinicaltrial.gov for interventional clinical trials related to xenograft of skin, pancreas, bone marrow, aortic valve and kidney. A total of 14 clinical trials are included in this study. Characteristics on each trial were gathered. Linked publications were searched using Medline/PubMed and Embase/Scopus. Content of trials was reviewed and summarized.ResultsOnly 14 clinical trials met our study's criteria. The majority were completed, and most of the trials’ enrolment was between 11 and 50 participants. Nine trials used a xenograft of porcine origin. Six trials targeted skin xenotransplantation, four targeted β‐cells, two targeted bone marrow and one trial targeted each of the kidney and aortic valve. The average length of trials was 3.38 years. Four trials were conducted in the United States and two trials in each of Brazil, Argentina and Sweden. Of all the included trials, none had any results provided and only three had published work. Phases I, III, and IV had only one trial each. A total of 501 participants were enrolled in these trials.ConclusionThis study sheds the light on the current state of clinical trials on xenograft. Characteristically, trials on this field are of low number, low enrolment, short duration, few related publications and no published results. Porcine organs are the most used in these trials, and skin is the most studied organ. An extension of the literature is highly needed due to the variety of conflicts mentioned. Overall, this study sheds the light on the necessity of managing research efforts, leading to the initiation of more trials targeting the field of xenotransplantation.
A Contribution to Printed Circuit Boards' Miniaturization by the Vertical Embedding of Passive Components
Authors: Lukacs Peter , Rovensky Tibor , Otahal Alexandr 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study describes a novel and unconventional approach for embedding passive surface mounted device (SMD) components into printed circuit boards. Therefore, passive components whose package size is 0201 are embedded in two types of vias. On the final quality of an embedded passive component, the effects of various technological factors, including tin-lead and lead-free solder pastes, various types and dimensions of vias, various soldering techniques, and sample positions during the reflow process, have been investigated and described. The results show the impact of tin-lead solder paste and polymeric solder paste on the creation of electrical shorts in the embedding of passive components. The application of microvias for the embedding of passive components eliminates the fundamental issues, such as electrical shorts, component dislocation, and the low success rate for creating a reliable solder joint. The proposed method for miniaturizing printed circuit boards by embedding passive components in microvias was verified by experimental results. The reliability of the proposed methodology is further supported by electrical measurements. This study describes an approach suitable to printed circuit board (PCB) prototyping that makes a negligible contribution to hardware design and electronic technologies.
Relaxation Fluidic Oscillators: Design Parameters, New Operating Modes, and Characteristics of Their Internal and External Flows
Authors: Saliba Georges C. , Raimbault Vincent , Batikh Ahmad , Colin Stéphane , Baldas Lucien 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFluidic oscillators are no-moving-part actuators that can be used to produce pulsating jets. The characteristics of these devices and of the flow fields they produce are of particular interest in the field of heat transfer, as pulsating impinging jets have been shown to improve heat transfer compared to steady jets. In this study, special focus is given to these characteristics as a preparation for a subsequent thermal study that will evaluate the performance of these pulsed jets against steady jets. The functioning of the device in response to different operating and design parameters is first considered. It was shown that a transition between different operating modes is possible, depending on both the inlet mass flowrate and the width of the feedback channel of the device. This was followed by a study of the velocity fields of the pulsed jets produced by the device. More specifically, attention is given to the developing characteristics and flow structures of the pulsating free jets of air which are then compared to equivalent steady jets. Finally, by taking advantage of the periodic aspect of the flow, the phase-averaged velocity field was reconstructed. Vortex dipoles were detected, tracked and their convection velocity computed from the same data and compared to a theoretical value from the literature. A proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of the synchronized raw data was then performed to further highlight the presence of these vortex structures and other flow instabilities.
A Modified Loss Breakdown Approach for Axial Turbines Operating With Blended Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Abdeldayem Abdelrahman S. , Salah Salma I. , White Martin T. , Sayma Abdulnaser I. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a modified loss breakdown approach is introduced for axial turbines operating with supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) mixtures using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results. Loss breakdown analysis has been previously developed using two approaches, however each approach has its own uncertainties. The first approach neglects the effects of the cross-interaction between the different loss sources, while the second approach ignores the potential changes to the boundary layer thicknesses and the loss source domains. Although the second methodology accounts for the interactions between the different loss sources, it may produce less accurate predictions for compact machines like sCO2 turbines where the boundary layer may dominate the flow passage. The proposed methodology aims to obtain the turbine loss breakdown using a single CFD model where all sources of aerodynamic loss coexist, while considering variable loss regions defined based on the velocity and entropy distribution results. A steady-state, single-stage, single-passage, three-dimensional numerical model is setup to simulate the turbine and verify the loss audit methodology. The results are verified against the published loss audit methodologies for a 130 MW axial turbine operating with CO2/C6F6 blend, designed using an in-house mean line design code. The results show a good agreement between the proposed approach and the multiple-model approaches from the literature. However, the existing approaches appear to overestimate endwall losses by 13–16% and underestimate the profile losses by 11–31% compared to the proposed approach. Compared to the Aungier mean line loss model, large differences in loss sources are observed from the CFD results, especially for the stator and rotor endwall losses which are found to be 3.2 and 1.6 times the CFD values, respectively. This helps to indicate limitations in existing mean line loss models.
Lower Extremity Physical Performance Tests for the Assessment of Athletes via Telehealth are Reliable
Authors: Jales Maycon Thomas Moises , Barbosa Germanna de Medeiros , Gonçalves Gustavo Viotto , Fonseca Fialho Hilmaynne Renaly , Calixtre Letícia Bojikian , Kamonseki Danilo Harudy 
Published: May 2023

Context: Lower extremity physical performance tests (PPTs) have been widely used in sports rehabilitation and are commonly performed in person. However, some situations may disrupt the in-person health care delivery, such as social distancing due to the pandemic, traveling, and living in remote locations. Those situations may require adjustments in planning and applying measurement tests, and telehealth has become an alternative. Nevertheless, the reliability of lower extremity PPT tests via telehealth is still unknown. Objectives: To verify the test–retest reliability, SEM, and the minimum detectable change (MDC95) of PPTs via telehealth. Methods: Fifty asymptomatic athletes completed 2 assessment sessions 7 to 14 days apart. The assessment via telehealth consisted of warm-up exercises followed by the single-, triple-, and side-hop tests, and the long jump test, in random order. Intraclass correlation coefficient, SEM, and MDC95 were calculated for each PPT. Results: Single-hop test showed good to excellent reliability, with SEM and MDC95 ranging from 6.06 to 9.24 cm and 16.79 to 25.61 cm, respectively. The triple-hop test showed excellent reliability, with SEM and MDC95 ranging from 13.17 to 28.17 cm and 30.72 to 78.07 cm, respectively. Side-hop tests showed moderate reliability, with SEM and MDC95 ranging from 0.67 to 1.22 seconds and 2.00 to 3.39 seconds, respectively. The long jump test showed excellent reliability, with SEM and MDC95 ranging from 5.34 to 8.34 cm and 14.80 to 23.11 cm, respectively. Conclusion: The test–retest reliability of those PPTs via telehealth was acceptable. The SEM and MDC were provided to assist clinicians in interpreting those PPTs.
Delivery strategies for malaria vaccination in areas with seasonal malaria transmission
Authors: Grant Jane , Diawara Halimatou , Traore Seydou , Koita Fatoumata , Myers Jessica , Sagara Issaka , Chandramohan Daniel , Dicko Alassane , Greenwood Brian , Webster Jayne 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundSeasonal vaccination with the RTS,S/AS01Emalaria vaccine given alongside seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) substantially reduces malaria in young children. The WHO has recommended the use of RTS,S/AS01E, including seasonal vaccination, in areas with seasonal malaria transmission. This study aimed to identify potential strategies to deliver RTS,S/AS01E, and assess the considerations and recommendations for delivery of seasonal malaria vaccination in Mali, a country with highly seasonal malaria.MethodsPotential delivery strategies for RTS,S/AS01Ein areas with seasonal malaria were identified through a series of high level discussions with the RTS,S/AS01Eplus SMC trial investigators, international and national immunisation and malaria experts, and through the development of a theory of change. These were explored through qualitative in-depth interviews with 108 participants, including national-level, regional-level and district-level malaria and immunisation programme managers, health workers, caregivers of children under 5 years of age, and community stakeholders. A national-level workshop was held to confirm the qualitative findings and work towards consensus on an appropriate strategy.ResultsFour delivery strategies were identified: age-based vaccination delivered via the Essential Programme on Immunisation (EPI); seasonal vaccination via EPI mass vaccination campaigns (MVCs); a combination of age-based priming vaccination doses delivered via the EPI clinics and seasonal booster doses delivered via MVCs; and a combination of age-based priming vaccination doses and seasonal booster doses, all delivered via the EPI clinics, which was the preferred strategy for delivery of RTS,S/AS01Ein Mali identified during the national workshop. Participants recommended that supportive interventions, including communications and mobilisation, would be needed for this strategy to achieve required coverage.ConclusionsFour delivery strategies were identified for administration of RTS,S/AS01Ealongside SMC in countries with seasonal malaria transmission. Components of these delivery strategies were defined as the vaccination schedule, and the delivery system(s) plus the supportive interventions needed for the strategies to be effective. Further implementation research and evaluation is needed to explore how, where, when and what effective coverage is achievable via these new strategies and their supportive interventions.
Stable Computational Techniques for the Advection–Dispersion Variable Order Model
Authors: Yadav Poonam , Singh Aman , Singh Vineet Kumar 
Published: May 2023

In this paper, a novel approximation to the Caputo time fractional derivative of variable order (VO) [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) is established. Since time fractional derivatives are integral, with a weakly singular kernel the discretization on the uniform mesh may not lead to satisfactory accuracy. So, numerical approximation is constructed on nonuniform meshes based on Newton interpolation polynomial. As a result, the novel approximation can be viewed as the modification of the existing method [Shen, S., Liu, F., Chen, J., Turner, I. and Anh, V. [2012] “Numerical techniques for the variable order time fractional diffusion equation,” Appl. Math. Comput. 218(22), 10861–10870]. The truncation errors and some significant properties of coefficients are analyzed. Furthermore, we derived Scheme-I and Scheme-II with second-order accuracy in spatial direction to solve the mobile–immobile advection–dispersion model (MIMADM) based on the VO Caputo derivative. The designed scheme converts the considered problems into a linear system of equations. Moreover, the stability properties of Scheme-I are discussed in detail. Ultimately, the proposed scheme is examined on several text examples demonstrating the high precision and effectiveness of the scheme. Also, comparative study between the outcomes achieved by implementing the suggested scheme with other numerical scheme in the existing literature is provided and also the acquired numerical results of these applications indicate that the suggested technique performs extremely well in terms of reliability and capability.
Exhumation of high-pressure rocks: role of late faulting (Eastern Ossa–Morena Complex, Iberian Massif)
Authors: Díez Fernández Rubén , Novo-Fernández Irene , Moreno-Martín Diana , Arenas Ricardo , Rojo-Pérez Esther , Martín Parra Luis Miguel , Matas Jerónimo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Exhumation of high-pressure (P) rocks may require a long path and multiple deformation phases. During this journey, late faults and folds can introduce changes to the primary tectonic stacking and lead to misleading conclusions regarding subduction polarity and plate reconstructions. This hypothesis has been tested positively via mapping and structural analysis in the eastern section of the Central Unit (Eastern Ossa–Morena Complex, Iberian Massif), which comprises Devonian high-P rocks subducted during the Variscan Orogeny. Following subduction beneath Gondwana, exhumation was assisted by in-sequence underthrusting of the continental crust, along with thinning of the overlying and formerly accreted crust. Convergence persisted and was accommodated by Gondwana-directed, out-of-sequence thrusts. Subsequent extension favoured erosion and basin inception during the Early Carboniferous, whereas further convergence produced late folding and faulting during Late Carboniferous sinistral transpression. Late faults duplicated the Devonian suture zone several times, producing a series of closely-spaced exposures of a single suture. The manner in which late faults affected the Devonian suture produced an outcome that could be mistaken for a collection of individual suture zones. Late faults may distort the primary relationships between upper and lower plates; however, they provide a geometry-based approach for restoring the primary geometry of suture zones.
Cadomia origins: paired Ediacaran ophiolites from the Iberian Massif, the opening and closure record of peri-Gondwanan basins
Authors: Arenas Ricardo , Vérard Christian , Albert Richard , Rojo-Pérez Esther , Sánchez Martínez Sonia , Novo-Fernández Irene , Moreno-Martín Diana , Gerdes Axel , Garcia-Casco Antonio , Díez Fernández Rubén 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

The recent discovery of Ediacaran ophiolites in the SW Iberian Massif has made it possible to pinpoint the evolution of the Cadomian basement of Europe. The Calzadilla and Mérida ophiolites (gabbroic protoliths dated at
c.
600 and 594 Ma, respectively) have geochemical characteristics typical of supra-subduction zone ophiolites. They are interpreted as originating during the initial opening of a forearc basin with boninitic magmatism (Calzadilla), followed by the formation of a back-arc basin with arc-tholeiites (Mérida). Widening of the back-arc led to the rifting and drifting of a section of the active continental margin (Cadomia). Closure of these oceanic domains initiated rapid contraction, culminating in the collision of Cadomia with Gondwana (
c.
590–540 Ma). The application of a PANALESIS model to this palaeogeographic setting confirms the plausibility of Cadomian rifting and the likely opening of broad oceanic domains. It also confirms the final collision of Cadomia with Gondwana, although the synthetic and regional data disagree in the precise chronology of the convergence and collision of Cadomia with the West Africa Craton. This work shows that the evolution of the Cadomian basement is much more complex than traditionally considered.
Profiling the Somatic Mutational Landscape of Breast Tumors from Hispanic/Latina Women Reveals Conserved and Unique Characteristics
Authors: Ding Yuan Chun , Song Hanbing , Adamson Aaron W. , Schmolze Daniel , Hu Donglei , Huntsman Scott , Steele Linda , Patrick Carmina S. , Tao Shu , Hernandez Natalie , Adams Charleen D. , Fejerman Laura , Gardner Kevin , Nápoles Anna María , Pérez-Stable Eliseo J. , Weitzel Jeffrey N. , Bengtsson Henrik , Huang Franklin W. , Neuhausen Susan L. , Ziv Elad 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Somatic mutational profiling is increasingly being used to identify potential targets for breast cancer. However, limited tumor-sequencing data from Hispanic/Latinas (H/L) are available to guide treatment. To address this gap, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and RNA sequencing on 146 tumors and WES of matched germline DNA from 140 H/L women in California. Tumor intrinsic subtype, somatic mutations, copy-number alterations, and expression profiles of the tumors were characterized and compared with data from tumors of non-Hispanic White (White) women in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Eight genes were significantly mutated in the H/L tumors including PIK3CA, TP53, GATA3, MAP3K1, CDH1, CBFB, PTEN, and RUNX1; the prevalence of mutations in these genes was similar to that observed in White women in TCGA. Four previously reported Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) mutation signatures (1, 2, 3, 13) were found in the H/L dataset, along with signature 16 that has not been previously reported in other breast cancer datasets. Recurrent amplifications were observed in breast cancer drivers including MYC, FGFR1, CCND1, and ERBB2, as well as a recurrent amplification in 17q11.2 associated with high KIAA0100 gene expression that has been implicated in breast cancer aggressiveness. In conclusion, this study identified a higher prevalence of COSMIC signature 16 and a recurrent copy-number amplification affecting expression of KIAA0100 in breast tumors from H/L compared with White women. These results highlight the necessity of studying underrepresented populations.

Significance:
Comprehensive characterization of genomic and transcriptomic alterations in breast tumors from Hispanic/Latina patients reveals distinct genetic alterations and signatures, demonstrating the importance of inclusive studies to ensure equitable care for patients.
See related commentary by Schmit et al., p. 2443
Image Analysis Method for Estimating 2-D Fibre Orientation and Fibre Length in Discontinuous Fibre Reinforced Composites
Authors: Pourdeyhimi B. , Ramanathan R. 
Published: May 2023

In discontinuous fibre reinforced composites (DFRC), the fibre length and orientation influence greatly the ultimate physical and mechanical properties of the material. A number of attempts dealing with methods for measuring fibre orientation are reported in the literature. These methods however, are unable to characterize fibre length. Fibre length may be affected by the type of processing involved. This study reports on the use of image analysis techniques for determining both fibre orientation and length. To verify the accuracy of the methods used, simulated images with known characteristics are used.
Spatial patterns and spatially-varying factors associated with childhood acute respiratory infection: data from Ethiopian demographic and health surveys (2005, 2011, and 2016)
Authors: Tesfaye Solomon Hailemariam , Seboka Binyam Tariku , Sisay Daniel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn Ethiopia, acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years. Geographically linked data analysis using nationally representative data is crucial to map spatial patterns of ARIs and identify spatially-varying factors of ARI. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate spatial patterns and spatially-varying factors of ARI in Ethiopia.MethodsSecondary data from the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) of 2005, 2011, and 2016 were used. Kuldorff’s spatial scan statistic using the Bernoulli model was used to identify spatial clusters with high or low ARI. Hot spot analysis was conducted usingGetis-OrdGistatistics. Eigenvector spatial filtering regression model was carried out to identify spatial predictors of ARI.ResultsAcute respiratory infection spatially clustered in 2011 and 2016 surveys year (Moran’sI:-0.011621–0.334486). The magnitude of ARI decreased from 12.6% (95%, CI: 0.113–0.138) in 2005 to 6.6% (95% CI: 0.055–0.077) in 2016. Across the three surveys, clusters with a high prevalence of ARI were observed in the North part of Ethiopia. The spatial regression analysis revealed that the spatial patterns of ARI was significantly associated with using biomass fuel for cooking and children not initiating breastfeeding within 1-hour of birth. This correlation is strong in the Northern and some areas in the Western part of the country.ConclusionOverall there has been a considerable decrease in ARI, but this decline in ARI varied in some regions and districts between surveys. Biomass fuel and early initiation of breastfeeding were independent predictors of ARI. There is a need to prioritize children living in regions and districts with high ARI.