bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of response surface methodology in optimization of process parameters for combined biological treatment of dairy wastewater using consortium of bacteria and microalgae
Authors: Das Abhishek , Kundu Pradyut , Adhikari Sunita 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the combined two‐stage biological‐treatment‐process using consortium of bacteria and microalgae for removal of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), ammonium‐nitrogen (NH4+‐N), nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3−‐N), phosphorus (PO43−‐P) from dairy wastewater in suspended‐growth batch‐reactor (SGBR). The study also investigated the removal of SCOD, NH4+‐N, NO3−‐N, PO43−‐P under different process parameters, like initial SCOD, NH4+‐N,NO3−‐N, PO43−‐P, MLSS, pH and react time using response surface methodology (RSM) with a five‐factor‐three‐level Central Composite Design(CCD). The experimental results were analyzed by ANOVA and second‐order polynomial mathematical‐models were developed with high correlation efficiency for SCOD, NH4+‐N removal, NO3−‐N, PO43−‐P removal using bacterial and microalgal‐consortia respectively in SGBR. Individual and combined effects of process variables on responses were studied using three‐dimensional response surface plots. Under the optimum conditions (initial SCOD, NH4+‐N, pH, MLSS of 720 mg L−1, 55 mg L−1 as N, 7 and 1500 mg L−1, respectively and react time of 24 h) highest removal efficiencies of SCOD (98.61%) and NH4+‐N (97.42%) were obtained using bacterial consortium and in second‐phase using micro‐algal consortium under optimum conditions highest removal efficiencies of nitrate nitrogen and phosphorus 98.64% and 90.53%, respectively. Optimization of process‐parameters by RSM study is supposed to be helpful for the treatment of real life dairy wastewater in effluent treatment plants.
Deciding for resilience: Utilizing water infrastructure investments to prepare for the future
Authors: Pot Wieke 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGovernments are increasingly faced with climate change realities and have also committed themselves to international agreements with objectives to tackle long‐term problems such as becoming climate neutral by 2050. Governments, therefore, will need to carefully consider how to contribute to combatting climate change, when investing in their water infrastructure that is reaching an end‐of‐lifetime due to technical aging or changing functional requirements. Such investments offer crucial windows of opportunity to create more resilient water systems, because large budgets are involved and lifespans of infrastructure are long and co‐determine possible futures. Based on a literature review, this article develops key ways of how infrastructure operators could adopt a long‐term perspective and choose water management strategies that increase absorptive, adaptive, and transformative capacities. With these perspectives and strategies, this article sets out a basis to help governments prepare for the future when they invest in water infrastructure.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Water Governance
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Countering Moral Neutralisation
Authors: Kvalnes Øyvind 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe communication climate in an organisation can serve as a platform for expressing disagreement and dissent against efforts to justify unethical behaviour. This chapter describes how alternatives to act against one’s moral convictions and standards can create moral dissonance, a mismatch between something one can be tempted or ordered to do and one’s morality. In such circumstances, one option is to dismiss the alternative, while another is to engage in moral neutralisation, a practice of finding excuses and justifications for going forward with this alternative. This process can lead to a normalisation of questionable behaviour. In a well-functioning communication climate, decision-makers are challenged in the critical quality moments when they start to engage in moral neutralisation.
Whistleblowing
Authors: Kvalnes Øyvind 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhistleblowing is to report and disclose perceived misbehaviour in an organisation. The initiative to blow the whistle is often a last resort and comes about when normal verbal exchanges in the workplace do not suffice to identify and remedy objectionable conduct. In a communication climate where friendly friction and dissent are commonplace, there is rarely a need for whistleblowing. People address critical issues when they occur, halting toxic and negative developments. Whistleblowing involves considerable personal risk and can damage career progression. Three pieces of advice for potential whistleblowers are to (1) form alliances and gather strength in numbers, (2) thoroughly document their concerns, and (3) take steps to downgrade the importance of blowing the whistle in their professional lives.
Critical Quality Moments
Authors: Kvalnes Øyvind 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA critical quality moment is a situation where the next event to happen will determine whether the outcome is good or bad. People who are present in the situation could either engage and intervene or keep silent. Either a verbal intervention might be required to halt a causal chain of events that can lead to a negative outcome or the moment might offer an opportunity to do good by creating a positive outcome. Critical quality moments put communication at work to the test. If speaking up is normal and safe, then it is more likely that someone will do so. If the shared assumption is that becoming verbally involved is a career risk, then people are likely to remain silent. When many people are present during a critical quality moment, their pacification due to bystander effects is a risk.
Bystander Effects
Authors: Kvalnes Øyvind 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe lesson from research on the bystander effect is that the more people who are present when a verbal intervention is required to change the course of events in a positive way, the less likely it is that anyone will speak up. Although exceptions occur, where a high number of bystanders can increase the likelihood of intervention, the main pattern relevant for building a communication climate is that people tend to hesitate to break out of a passive group. The two main reasons for the bystander effect are diffusion of responsibility and pluralistic ignorance. Knowledge about these psychological phenomena can inform efforts to establish and maintain a well-functioning communication climate.
On Exponential Splitting Methods for Semilinear Abstract Cauchy problems
Authors: Farkas Bálint , Jacob Birgit , Schmitz Merlin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to the seminal works of Hochbruck and Ostermann (Appl Numer Math 53(2–4):323–339, 2005, Acta Numer 19:209–286, 2010) exponential splittings are well established numerical methods utilizing operator semigroup theory for the treatment of semilinear evolution equations whose principal linear part involves a sectorial operator with angle greater than $$\frac{\pi }{2}$$

π
2

(meaning essentially the holomorphy of the underlying semigroup). The present paper contributes to this subject by relaxing the sectoriality condition, but in turn requiring that the semigroup operators act consistently on an interpolation couple (or on a scale of Banach spaces). Our conditions (on the semigroup and on the semilinearity) are inspired by the approach of Kato (Math Z 187(4):471–480, 1984) to the local solvability of the Navier–Stokes equation, where the $$\textrm{L}^p$$

L
p

- $$\textrm{L}^r$$

L
r

-smoothing of the Stokes semigroup was fundamental. The present abstract operator theoretic result is applicable for this latter problem (as was already the result of Hochbruck and Ostermann), or more generally in the setting of Hochbruck and Ostermann (2005), but also allows the consideration of examples, such as non-analytic Ornstein–Uhlenbeck semigroups or the Navier–Stokes flow around rotating bodies.
On the Incompressible Limit of a Strongly Stratified Heat Conducting Fluid
Authors: Basarić Danica , Bella Peter , Feireisl Eduard , Oschmann Florian , Titi Edriss S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA compressible, viscous and heat conducting fluid is confined between two parallel plates maintained at a constant temperature and subject to a strong stratification due to the gravitational force. We consider the asymptotic limit, where the Mach number and the Froude number are of the same order proportional to a small parameter. We show the limit problem can be identified with Majda’s model of layered “stack-of-pancake” flow.
Euler–MacLaurin Summation Formula on Polytopes and Expansions in Multivariate Bernoulli Polynomials
Authors: Brandolini L. , Colzani L. , Gariboldi B. , Gigante G. , Monguzzi A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe provide a multidimensional weighted Euler–MacLaurin summation formula on polytopes and a multidimensional generalization of a result due to L. J. Mordell on the series expansion in Bernoulli polynomials. These results are consequences of a more general series expansion; namely, if $$\chi _{\tau {\mathcal {P}}}$$

χ

τ
P

denotes the characteristic function of a dilated integer convex polytope $${\mathcal {P}}$$
P
and q is a function with suitable regularity, we prove that the periodization of $$q\chi _{\tau {\mathcal {P}}}$$

q

χ

τ
P

admits an expansion in terms of multivariate Bernoulli polynomials. These multivariate polynomials are related to the Lerch Zeta function. In order to prove our results we need to carefully study the asymptotic expansion of $$\widehat{q\chi _{\tau {\mathcal {P}}}}$$

q

χ

τ
P

^

, the Fourier transform of $$q\chi _{\tau {\mathcal {P}}}$$

q

χ

τ
P

.
CT-Kolonographie
Authors: Mang Thomas , Lampichler Katharina , Scharitzer Martina 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Um mit der CT-Kolonographie (CTK) gute Ergebnisse zu erzielen, ist neben der spezifischen radiologischen Expertise eine hochqualitative Durchführung der Untersuchung und eine Indikationsstellung gemäß fachspezifischen Richtlinien erforderlich.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, einen Überblick über aktuelle Standards der Untersuchungstechnik sowie über Indikationen und Kontraindikationen der CTK in Anlehnung an rezente Empfehlungen und Richtlinien zu geben.

Material und Methoden
Mittels einer ausführlichen Literaturrecherche wird der aktuelle Wissensstand zur Untersuchungstechnik sowie zu den Einsatzgebieten und den Kontraindikationen zur CTK zusammengefasst.

Ergebnisse
Die CTK ist die radiologische Untersuchung der Wahl zur Detektion kolorektaler Neoplasien. Indikationen sind die unvollständige Koloskopie, Kontraindikationen oder Ablehnung der Koloskopie und die opportunistische Dickdarmkrebsvorsorge. Die Untersuchungstechnik umfasst eine den speziellen Erfordernissen der CTK angepasste Darmvorbereitung einschließlich „fecal tagging“, die Darmdistension, einen Niedrigdosis-CT-Scan in zwei Patientenpositionen sowie eine kombinierte 2D- und 3D-Auswertung.

Diskussion
Die Durchführung der CTK nach aktuellen technischen Standards ist Voraussetzung für hochqualitative und aussagekräftige Untersuchungen und damit auch ein Schlüsselfaktor zur korrekten Diagnosefindung. Als nichtinvasive Untersuchungsoption ermöglicht sie bei vielen Indikationen klinisch relevante Ergebnisse.
Decision-making under uncertainty: beyond probabilities
Authors: Badings Thom , Simão Thiago D. , Suilen Marnix , Jansen Nils 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis position paper reflects on the state-of-the-art in decision-making under uncertainty. A classical assumption is that probabilities can sufficiently capture all uncertainty in a system. In this paper, the focus is on the uncertainty that goes beyond this classical interpretation, particularly by employing a clear distinction between aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty. The paper features an overview of Markov decision processes (MDPs) and extensions to account for partial observability and adversarial behavior. These models sufficiently capture aleatoric uncertainty, but fail to account for epistemic uncertainty robustly. Consequently, we present a thorough overview of so-called uncertainty models that exhibit uncertainty in a more robust interpretation. We show several solution techniques for both discrete and continuous models, ranging from formal verification, over control-based abstractions, to reinforcement learning. As an integral part of this paper, we list and discuss several key challenges that arise when dealing with rich types of uncertainty in a model-based fashion.
Identifying presence of cybersickness symptoms using AI-based predictive learning algorithms
Authors: Zaidi Syed Fawad M. , Shafiabady Niusha , Beilby Justin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCybersickness (CS) affects a large proportion of virtual reality (VR) users causing a combination of nausea, headaches and dizziness which would create barriers to the users, VR designers/developers and the stakeholders in the production industry. Although design principles suggest methods to avoid CS, challenges remain as new demands and systems continue to penetrate the competitive market. The dilemma is whether to use VR technology by experiencing the ultimate virtual world using a head-mounted display (HMD) with possible CS triggers or to avoid the triggers by avoiding using VR. With the huge success and potential in the entertainment industry, it is very important to focus on the solutions to handling CS dilemmas. Therefore, the main observation for the developers is to have a guide around the set of established design principles aiming to broadly reduce CS. In this paper, we provide a method to apply artificial intelligence (AI) techniques and use machine learning (ML) algorithms including support vector machines (SVMs), decision trees (DTs) and K-nearest neighbours (KNNs) to predict CS outcomes. Based on our findings, we have observed that DT and SVM surpassed KNN in test accuracy. Additionally, DT exhibited better results than both SVM and KNN in train accuracy. By exploiting the power of ML, developers will be able to predict the potential occurrence of CS while developing VR projects to find ways to alleviate CS more effectively.
Cost-effectiveness of transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients at low surgical risk in France: a model-based analysis of the Evolut LR trial
Authors: Tchétché Didier , de Gennes Coline Dubois , Cormerais Quentin , Geisler Benjamin P. , Dutot Camille , Wilquin-Bequet Fanny , Breau-Brunel Manon , Lueza Béranger , Pietzsch Jan B. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
In the recent Evolut Low Risk randomized trial, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) was shown to be non-inferior to surgery (SAVR) regarding the composite end point of all-cause mortality or disabling stroke at 24 months.

Aims
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of self-expandable TAVI in low-risk patients, using the French healthcare system as the basis for analysis.

Methods
Mortality, health-related quality of life, and clinical event rates through two-year follow-up were derived from trial data (N = 725 TAVI and N = 678 SAVR; mean age: 73.9 years; mean STS-PROM: 1.9%). Cost inputs were based on real-world data for TAVI and SAVR procedures in the French healthcare system. Costs and effectiveness as quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were projected to lifetime via a decision-analytic model under assumption of no mortality difference beyond two years. The discounted incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was evaluated against a willingness-to-pay threshold of €50,000 per QALY gained. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted, including assumptions about differential long-term survival.

Results
For the base case, mean survival was 13.69 vs 13.56 (+ 0.13) years for TAVI and SAVR, respectively. Discounted QALYs were 9.34 vs. 9.21 (+ 0.13) and discounted lifetime costs €52,267 vs. €51,433 (+ €833), resulting in a lifetime ICER of €6368 per QALY gained. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, TAVI was found dominant or cost-effective in 74.4% of samples.

Conclusion
TAVI in patients at low surgical risk is a cost-effective alternative to SAVR in the French healthcare system. Longer follow-up data will help increase the accuracy of lifetime survival projections.

Graphical Abstract
Linear analysis of the dynamic response of a riser subject to internal solitary waves
Authors: Tan Dalin , Wang Xu , Duan Jinlong , Zhou Jifu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe flow field induced by internal solitary waves (ISWs) is peculiar wherein water motion occurs in the whole water depth, and the strong shear near the pycnocline can be generated due to the opposite flow direction between the upper and lower layers, which is a potential threat to marine risers. In this paper, the flow field of ISWs is obtained with the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation for a two-layer fluid system. Then, a linear analysis is performed for the dynamic response of a riser with its two ends simply supported under the action of ISWs. The explicit expressions of the deflection and the moment of the riser are deduced based on the modal superposition method. The applicable conditions of the theoretical expressions are discussed. Through comparisons with the finite element simulations for nonlinear dynamic responses, it is proved that the theoretical expressions can roughly reveal the nonlinear dynamic response of risers under ISWs when the approximation for the linear analysis is relaxed to some extent.
A LiDAR-less approach to autonomous hazard detection and avoidance systems based on semantic segmentation
Authors: Peñarroya Pelayo , Centuori Simone , Sanjurjo Manuel , Hermosín Pablo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a passive hazard detection and avoidance (HDA) system is presented, relying only on images as observations. To process these images, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are used to perform semantic segmentation and identify hazards corresponding to three different layers, namely feature detection, shadow detection, and slope estimation. The absence of active sensors such as light detection and ranging (LiDAR) makes it challenging to assess the surface geometry of a celestial body, and the training of the neural networks in this work is oriented towards coping with that drawback. The image data set for the training is generated using blender, and different body shape models (also referred to as meshes) are included, onto which stochastic feature populations and illumination conditions are imposed to produce a more diverse database. The CNNs are trained following a transfer learning approach to reduce the training effort and take advantage of previously trained networks. The results accurately predict the hazards in the images belonging to the data set, but struggle to yield successful predictions for the slope estimation, when images external to the data set are used, indicating that including the geometry of the target body in the training phase makes an impact on the quality of these predictions. The obtained predictions are composed to create safety maps, which are meant to be given as input to the guidance block of the spacecraft to evaluate the need for a manoeuvre to avoid hazardous areas. Additionally, preliminary hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test results are included, in which the algorithms developed are confronted against images taken using real hardware.
Green politics beyond the state: radicalizing the democratic potentials of climate citizens’ assemblies
Authors: Ejsing Mads , Veng Adam , Papazu Irina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn recent years, countries like France, UK, Germany, and Denmark have all carried out climate citizens’ assemblies where a group of representatively selected citizens come together to discuss issues around climate politics and provide policy recommendations to decision-makers. The hope is that these deliberative-democratic innovations can circumvent the flaws of representational politics and help break the existing gridlock around climate politics. In this article, relying on the case of the Danish climate citizens’ assembly that began its work in 2020, we argue that to truly realize the democratic potentials of climate citizens’ assemblies, there is a need to think about how citizens’ assemblies might come to multiply and proliferate in political spaces away from, or at least in addition to, those in and around the state, so they can become local drivers of democratic action and community empowerment. The argument is not that citizens’ assemblies should give up on affecting the state and parliamentary politics altogether, but that we must be careful not to put too much faith in state institutions, and also look for spaces outside the state where the conditions for transformative change and democratic capacity-building currently appear more fecund. Drawing together these arguments, we offer what we call a more radical vision of the democratic potentials of climate citizens’ assemblies, and provide some guidelines for what that would look like in practice.
Mobilising Extremism in Times of Change: Analysing the UK’s Far-Right Online Content During the Pandemic
Authors: Collins Jonathan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe growing dissension towards the political handling of COVID-19, widespread job losses, backlash to extended lockdowns, and hesitancy surrounding the vaccine are propagating toxic far-right discourses in the UK. Moreover, the public is increasingly reliant on different social media platforms, including a growing number of participants on the far-right’s fringe online networks, for all pandemic-related news and interactions. Therefore, with the proliferation of harmful far-right narratives and the public’s reliance on these platforms for socialising, the pandemic environment is a breeding ground for radical ideologically-based mobilisation and social fragmentation. However, there remains a gap in understanding how these far-right online communities, during the pandemic, utilise societal insecurities to attract candidates, maintain viewership, and form a collective on social media platforms. The article aims to better understand online far-right mobilisation by examining, via a mixed-methodology qualitative content analysis and netnography, UK-centric content, narratives, and key political figures on the fringe platform, Gab. Through the dual-qualitative coding and analyses of 925 trending posts, the research outlines the platform’s hate-filled media and the toxic nature of its communications. Moreover, the findings illustrate the far-right’s online discursive dynamics, showcasing the dependence on Michael Hogg’s uncertainty-identity mechanisms in the community’s exploitation of societal insecurity. From these results, I propose a far-right mobilisation model termed Collective Anxiety, which illustrates that toxic communication is the foundation for the community’s maintenance and recruitment. These observations set a precedent for hate-filled discourse on the platform and consequently have widespread policy implications that need addressing.