bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative Multivalent Metal Elements for Aqueous Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Huang Yan , Yu Guang , Cheng Yujia , Wang Ni , Hu Wencheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe growing importance of sustainable and clean energy sources is a direct consequence of the increasing scarcity of non‐renewable resources and the necessity for energy storage solutions that are safe, efficient, and adaptable. Aqueous hybrid supercapacitors (AHSCs) have garnered attention due to their advantageous characteristics, including low cost, safety, reliability, and high cyclic stability. Here, this review provides a brief overview of the energy storage mechanisms of double electric layer capacitors (EDLCs), pseudocapacitors, and hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs), which combine the features of both of these types of capacitors. The progress made in recent years in research on AHSCs using multivalent metal cations, including manganese, zinc, and chromium, is highlighted. Additionally, some examples of AHSCs assembled with the participation of metal ions are summarized based on the metal activity series. Furthermore, the potential use of other multivalent metals, including iron, cobalt, nickel, and copper, in AHSCs electrodes was explored, as well as the current status of aqueous ammonium‐ionized HSCs, with a focus on their respective advantages and challenges. Finally, this review proposes future research directions to further advance this field.
Global Dynamic Impression for Differentiating Between Epileptic and Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Avraham Linor , Spierer Ronen , Winer Raz , Bosak Noam , Wasserman Danielle , Herskovitz Moshe 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveMedical personnel show difficulty in differentiating psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) from epileptic seizures (ES). The purpose of this study was to conduct an initial feasibility assessment of the global dynamic impression (GDI) principle and to evaluate its effectiveness in enabling the diagnosis of epileptic versus psychogenic seizures using video footage of events, even by untrained personnelMethodsWe based this study on video footage showing five videos of PNES and five ES videos. We asked physicians and nurses from the emergency department, internal medicine department, neurology department, and medical students to classify the videos before and after learning the GDI principle. The GDI principle is a simple clinical tool assuming repetitive movements with minimal dynamics in vector and frequency in motor PNES. A correct answer earned a score of 10 points, and a wrong answer a score of 0. Therefore, the questionnaire score could range from 0 to 100.ResultsA total of 108 medical personnel participated in the study. A total of 42 participants filled out the questionnaire before training—Group 1, and 36 participants filled out the questionnaire after training—Group 2; 30 participants filled out the questionnaire before and after the training—Group 3. The mean score of Group 1 was 55.23 ± 17.83 versus 75.55 ± 13.61 in Group 2 (p = 0.0000001). The mean score of Group 3 was 53 ± 17.8 compared to 78 ± 12.9, before and after training, respectively (p = 0.000001).SignificanceA brief training on the GDI principle of various medical teams, even unskilled teams, significantly improves differentiating PNES from ES.
The Cognitive Footprint of Medication Use
Authors: Pinilla Marta Suárez , Stoner Charlotte R. , Knapp Martin , Nachev Parashkev , Rossor Martin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe cognitive side‐effects of medication are common, but often overlooked in practice, and not routinely considered in interventional trials or post‐market surveillance. The cognitive footprint of a medication seeks to quantify the impact of its cognitive effects based on magnitude, duration, and interaction with other factors, evaluated across the exposed population.MethodsBayesian multivariable regression analysis of retrospective population‐based cross‐sectional cohorts.ResultsWe replicate positive and negative cognitive effects of commonly used medications in UK Biobank, and extend observed associations to two additional cohorts, the EPIC Norfolk, and the Caerphilly Prospective Cohort. We quantify the resultant cumulative impact at the population level given known patterns of prescribing and compare it with exemplar common diseases.ConclusionThe cognitive side‐effects of commonly used drugs may have significant impact at the population level. Consideration should be given to a routine structured assessment of cognition in interventional trials and post‐market surveillance.
The Role of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Neuronal Damage, and Endothelial Dysfunction in the Neuropathology of Cognitive Complications in Diabetes: A Moderation and Mediation Analysis
Authors: Sumbul‐Sekerci Betul , Pasin Ozge , Balkan Ezgi , Sekerci Abdusselam 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveCognitive impairment is increasingly recognized as a complication of diabetes, yet the underlying pathology remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the roles of inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and neuronal damage in the neuropathology underlying diabetes related cognitive impairment.MethodsThis study assessed 183 participants (54 prediabetes, 71 Type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM], and 58 controls) for cognitive performance using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Blood samples were analyzed for interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), malondialdehyde (MDA), VCAM‐1/CD106, and neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) using ELISA. Mediation and moderator analysis methods were used to examine the roles of these biomarkers in diabetes‐related cognitive impairment.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, education, and gender, group comparisons revealed significant cognitive impairment in patients with T2DM, particularly in visuospatial functions, naming, language, and memory performance, compared to the control group. The patients with T2DM and prediabetes exhibited similar performance in cognitive functions, except for language. Significant differences in VCAM‐1 and TNF‐α levels were observed; however, these biomarkers did not mediate the effect of T2DM and prediabetes on cognitive functions. Nevertheless, VCAM‐1 was found to moderate abstraction abilities in T2DM.ConclusionPrediabetes represents a transitional stage not only for the pathology of diabetes but also for cognitive complications. Although there were correlations between cognitive performance and various cognitive scores, IL‐6, MDA, NSE, VCAM‐1, and TNF‐α did not play a mediator role in the neuropathology of diabetes‐related cognitive impairment.
Increase in Occurrence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Differs by Age Group and Gender—Finnish Nationwide Register Study
Authors: Westman Elisa , Prami Tuire , Kallio Alvar , Iso‐Mustajärvi Ilona , Jukka Joel , Raittinen Paavo , Korhonen Maarit J , Puustjärvi Anita , Leppämäki Sami 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis study describes epidemiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and use of ADHD medication across all age groups in Finland.MethodsThis retrospective study is based on nationwide registers in Finland. The study population included individuals with ADHD diagnosis and/or an ADHD medication record at least once during 2015–2020.ResultsThe yearly prevalence of ADHD was higher in males than in females and was highest in the age groups of 6‐ to 12‐ and 13‐ to 17‐year‐old males. In 2020, the yearly prevalence was 4.2% in ≤12‐year‐old, 6.7% in 13‐ to 17‐year‐old, 0.7% in ≥18‐year‐old males, and 1.1%, 2.6%, and 0.6%, respectively, in females. The gender‐related differences were greatest among 6‐ to 12‐ and 13‐ to 17‐year‐olds, after which the differences evened out. During the study period from 2015 to 2020, the yearly prevalence more than doubled in each of the five Finnish administrative university hospital areas. The prevalence was higher in males, but the relative growth was higher in females compared to males. The incidence per 100,000 inhabitants was the highest in ≤12‐year‐old males and increased in all age groups and in both genders. The use of medication was more common in males than in females, and the overall proportion of prevalent ADHD patients on medication remained around 80%. Decrease in medication use was observed in connection with the transition from adolescence to adulthood, in both genders.ConclusionBoth prevalence and incidence of ADHD more than doubled in Finland during the study period 2015–2020. This study presents the most comprehensive analysis of national register data at personal‐level linkage in Finland, since it included all age groups, and both diagnosed ADHD patients and individuals receiving medication, not limited to reimbursed medication.
Longitudinal Assessment of Abnormal Cortical Folding in Fetuses and Neonates With Isolated Non‐Severe Ventriculomegaly
Authors: Urru Andrea , Benkarim Oualid , Martí‐Juan Gerard , Hahner Nadine , Piella Gemma , Eixarch Elisenda , González Ballester Miguel A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeThe impact of ventriculomegaly (VM) on cortical development and brain functionality has been extensively explored in existing literature. VM has been associated with higher risks of attention‐deficit and hyperactivity disorders, as well as cognitive, language, and behavior deficits. Some studies have also shown a relationship between VM and cortical overgrowth, along with reduced cortical folding, both in fetuses and neonates. However, there is a lack of longitudinal studies that study this relationship from fetuses to neonates.MethodWe used a longitudinal dataset of 30 subjects (15 healthy controls and 15 subjects diagnosed with isolated non‐severe VM (INSVM)) with structural MRI acquired in and ex utero for each subject. We focused on the impact of fetal INSVM on cortical development from a longitudinal perspective, from the fetal to the neonatal stage. Particularly, we examined the relationship between ventricular enlargement and both volumetric features and a multifaceted set of cortical folding measures, including local gyrification, sulcal depth, curvature, and cortical thickness.FindingsOur results show significant effects of isolated non‐severe VM (INSVM) compared to healthy controls, with reduced cortical thickness in specific brain regions such as the occipital, parietal, and frontal lobes.ConclusionThese findings align with existing literature, confirming the presence of alterations in cortical growth and folding in subjects with isolated non‐severe VM (INSVM) from the fetal to neonatal stage compared to controls.
Assisted Parkinsonism Diagnosis Using Multimodal MRI—The Role of Clinical Insights
Authors: Meindl Tobias , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Mantel Tobias , Jochim Angela , Deppe Jonas , Zwirner Silke , Kirschke Jan S. , Li Yong , Haslinger Bernhard 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundWhile automated methods for differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes based on MRI imaging have been introduced, their implementation in clinical practice still underlies considerable challenges.ObjectiveTo assess whether the performance of classifiers based on imaging derived biomarkers is improved with the addition of basic clinical information and to provide a practical solution to address the insecurity of classification results due to the uncertain clinical diagnosis they are based on.MethodsRetro‐ and prospectively collected data from multimodal MRI and standardized clinical datasets of 229 patients with PD (n = 167), PSP (n = 44), or MSA (n = 18) underwent multinomial classification in a benchmark study comparing the performance of nine machine learning methods. A predictor space of imaging variables, either with or without clinical information, was investigated. Classification results were assessed using multiclass AUCs. Individual predicted probabilities were visualized to address diagnostic uncertainty.ResultsClinical diagnosis was accurately confirmed using machine learning models with only small differences when using imaging and clinical signs versus imaging variables only (expected multiclass AUC of 0.95 vs. 0.92). Still, multinomial classification is hampered by imbalanced class frequencies. The most discriminatory variables were responsiveness to levodopa, vertical gaze palsy, and the volumes of subcortical structures, including the red nucleus.ConclusionMachine‐learning‐assisted classification of MR‐imaging biomarkers gathered in routine care can assist in the diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes as part of the diagnostic workup. We provide a visual method that aids the interpretation of neuroimaging‐based classification results of the three main parkinsonian syndromes, improving clinical interpretability.
An Expert Study of Systemic Influences on Progress Towards Living Wages: A Key to Unlock the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Barford Anna , Beales Annabel , Zorila Marina 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEnding poverty in all its forms everywhere is Goal 1 of the Sustainable Development Goals the widespread payment of living wages as a minimum could substantially boost progress towards this development goal and others. Living wages, typically set higher than minimum wages, pay enough for workers to meet their needs and those of their families. Without living wages many workers earn poverty wages. Recognising renewed corporate and investor interest in living wages, this paper interrogates the logics and rationalities which shape discussions on living wages, drawing upon 31 semi‐structured interviews with living wage professionals. Discourse analysis is used to identify the logics and rationalities which shape organisation‐level progress towards living wages. Some logics, surrounding human rights, stakeholder capitalism, sustainable development, redistribution and social justice, encourage the implementation of living wages. Other logics, including shareholder capitalism, profit and mass consumerism, create a chilling effect on the living wages movement. At present, wages are the main mechanism for distributing money, so wage levels impact people's access to services and resources. The living wages agenda is progressing rapidly, comprising a 2024 International Labour Organization meeting of experts, corporate and investor commitments, worker demands, and the growing prevalence of geographically specific living wages calculations. It is therefore crucial that the logics and narratives underpinning decisions on pay are interrogated as these play a pivotal role in progress towards human rights, social justice and the Sustainable Development Goals.
Histopathologic Progression and Metastatic Relapse Outcomes in Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Urinary Tract
Authors: Moussa Mohammad Jad , Tabet Georges C. , Siefker‐Radtke Arlene O. , Xiao Lianchun , Wilson Nathaniel R. , Gao Jianjun , Logothetis Christopher J. , Grivas Petros , Lee Byron , Shah Amishi Y. , Msaouel Pavlos , Li Roger , Clemente Leticia Campos , Zhao Jianping , Tannir Nizar M. , Kamat Ashish M. , Hansel Donna E. , Guo Charles C. , Campbell Matthew T. , Alhalabi Omar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionSmall cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary tract (SCNEC‐URO) has an inferior prognosis compared to conventional urothelial carcinoma (UC). Here, we evaluate the predictors and patterns of relapse after surgery.Materials and MethodsWe identified a definitive‐surgery cohort (n = 224) from an institutional database of patients with cT1‐T4NxM0 SCNEC‐URO treated in 1985–2021. Histopathologic review was conducted by independent pathologists. Relapse event was the time‐to‐event outcome, and relapse probabilities were estimated using a competing risk method with cumulative incidence functions (CIFs). Fine‐Gray distribution models assessed covariate associations.ResultsMost patients (161, 71.9%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (neoCTX). Ninety two (41%) patients had relapse with 77 (83.7%) having distant organs as first metastatic sites, including 10 (10.9%) with exclusive central nervous system (CNS) metastases, mostly (9/10) within 1 year of surgery. Patients with pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoCTx had the lowest 5‐year CIF (16.5% [95% CI 9.3%–25.6%]). Patients with remaining exclusively small cell (SC) histology had the highest CIF (85.7% [95% CI 46.6–96.9]). Patients with eradicated SCNEC but remaining UC components had an intermediate‐risk CIF (32.5% [95% CI 18.6–47.2]). Multivariable analysis adjusting for neoCTx, clinical stage at diagnosis (T3/4, N0/N+ vs. T1/T2, N0), and pathologic stage (pN+ vs. pN0) demonstrated that any SCNEC histology at resection (vs. pCR) was associated with relapse risk (hazard ratio = 3.69 [95% CI 1.91–7.13], p = 0.0001).ConclusionsSCNEC‐URO is a systemic disease with high risk of distant relapse including CNS. Our findings highlight unmet needs for neoadjuvant/adjuvant approaches targeting the rare SCNEC subtype and suggest adding CNS surveillance within the first year after definitive surgery to high‐risk patients.Précis (Condensed Abstract)Alongside neoadjuvant chemotherapy and cancer stage, histology at resection strongly impacts relapse risk in small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the urinary tract. The incidence of brain metastasis is notably higher than in “traditional” urothelial cancer within the first year after surgery, especially if small cell cancer persists, thus necessitating close neurological monitoring during this period.
Risk of Biopsy and Surgical Treatment of Subglottic Paragangliomas: A Case Report
Authors: Zhao Xi‐Ming , Tang Liang , Liu Jun , Luo Yong‐Hai , Xiong Shi‐Ling , Cui Jiao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis report describes a rare case of a paraganglioma occurring beneath the vocal folds. During the preoperative biopsy, we encountered significant hemorrhage, forcing us to stop the procedure and preventing us from obtaining a definitive diagnosis. Despite these challenges, the eventual surgery had a good outcome.
Interpenetration Control in Metal–Organic Polyrotaxanes via Solvent Composition and Ligand Steric‐Modulation: Supramolecular Isomerism and Luminescence Detection toward Fe3+ Ions
Authors: Chen Wei‐Ting , Tsai Meng‐Jung , Chuang Po‐Min , Wu Jing‐Yun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThree fluorescent Zn coordaintion polymers (CPs) have been synthesized from the reactions of Zn(NO3)2 ⋅ 6H2O, benzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylic acid (1,4‐H2bdc), and angular carbazole‐derived bispyridyl ligands (Cz‐3,6‐bpy or Cz−Pr‐3,6‐bpy). CPs 1–3 all adopt similar two‐dimensional (2D) ring‐and‐rod layer structures, described as topologically 4‐connected 2 ⋅ 65 nets where the Zn(II) centers act as 4‐connected nodes. CPs 1 and 2 are a pair of solvent‐mediated supramolecular isomers where the former shows a two‐fold interlocked 2D →2D polyrotaxane‐like entangled net and the latter reveals a four‐fold interpenetrated 2D →3D polyrotaxane entanglement. CP 3 is structure analgue of 1. The formation of 1–3 implies the realization of interpenetration control and supramolecular isomerism in polyrotaxanes by fine‐tuning the solvent compositions and ligand steric‐modulation. CPs 1–3 all show high thermal stability approaching 400 °C and good chemical stability in various solvents at room temperature for 24 h. Further, CPs 1–3 all are excellent turn‐off sensors to recognize Fe3+ in water with high selectivity and sensitivity, great anti‐inference ability, and low limit of detection (LOD). The sensing mechanisms are found to be competitive absorption of excitation wavelength energy and the occurrence of framework–Fe3+ interactions.
Enhanced Stability of Pt‐Co Catalysts Supported on Zeolite Nanosponges for Propane Dehydrogenation
Authors: Numan Muhammad , Sun Kim Nam , Jo Changbum 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPt and Co supported on Al2O3, Na+‐free SiO2, mesoporous zeolite (MZ‐Na+), and Na+‐free MZ (MZ‐OH) were prepared and investigated for propane dehydrogenation efficacy. These catalysts were characterized using XRD, STEM, CO‐FTIR, H2‐TPR, and XPS. Of these catalysts, Pt−Co supported on MZ‐Na+ and Al2O3 showed low activity and poor stability for propane dehydrogenation (PDH). On the other hand, Pt−Co supported on Na+‐free SiO2 or MZ‐OH exhibited much greater activity and stability. This high catalytic performance was attributed to the formation of a high degree of alloying between Pt and Co, possibly facilitated by silanol groups. After optimizing cobalt content and catalyst reduction temperature, it was found that 1 wt% Pt‐0.8 wt% Co supported on MZ‐OH exhibited the best activity with a propane conversion of 64.4 % and propylene selectivity of 76.5 % that remained stable over 24 h on‐stream. The correlation between catalyst characterization and PDH results showed that the existence of metallic cobalt on the catalyst surface facilitated coke deposition in the form of CoCx and poor catalyst stability.
Bioequivalence and Food Effect Assessment Between 2 Oral Tablet Formulations of Rivaroxaban 20 mg in Healthy Chinese Subjects
Authors: Tang Kaixian , Chen Yingrong , Mei Jue , Bo Hui , Liu Qing , Wang Wei , Xu Min , Jin Qiuyue , Yang Shuixin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTo evaluate the bioequivalence and safety of oral rivaroxaban tablets between a test formulation and a reference formulation in healthy Chinese subjects, a randomized, open, 2‐formulation, 4‐cycle, complete repeat crossover study was conducted under both fasting and fed states. Thirty‐six healthy participants were enrolled separately for the fasting and fed groups, and each subject received a single oral dose of 20 mg of the test or reference formulation of rivaroxaban tablets per cycle. Blood samples were collected at specified intervals, and rivaroxaban was analyzed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Under fasting and fed conditions, the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for the geometric mean ratios of the maximum concentration (Cmax), the area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to the last measurable time point (AUC0−t), and the area under the curve extrapolated to infinity from time 0 (AUC0−∞) all fell within the 80%‐125% CI, and the upper limit of the 90% CIs for the test‐to‐reference ratio of the within‐subject variability was <2.5. This indicated that the test formulation of rivaroxaban is bioequivalent to the reference formulation. Compared to the fasted state, the Cmax, AUC0−t, and AUC0−∞ of rivaroxaban increased significantly by factors of 2, 1.6, and 1.5, respectively, following oral administration of 20 mg of rivaroxaban in the fed state. This suggests that a high‐fat diet significantly enhances the exposure to rivaroxaban. No serious adverse events were reported under fasting or fed conditions.