bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MENGEMBANGKAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN DENGAN APE MEDIA AYAM BERTELUR
Authors: Fachrurrazi Ahmad , Bilad Anisa Uimadul 
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media ayam bertelur terhadap kemampuan kognitif anak usia 5-6 tahun di KB-RA Al-Kautsar Surabaya. Kemampuan Kognitif adalah kemampuan anak dalam proses berpikir, mengamati, menafsirkan, memperkirakan dan melakukan sesuatu untuk menyelesaikan masalah dalam memperoleh pengetahuan. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada kegiatan operasi bilangan sederhana: penjumlahan dan pengurangan. Media ayam bertelur merupakan salah satu APE (Alat Permainan Edukatif) buatan sendiri yang sangat sederhana namun berguna dalam mengembangkan kemampuan kognitif anak. Melalui media ayam bertelur diharapkan menjad inovasi terbaru dalam membantu perkembangan kemampuan kognitif anak terutama tentang operasi bilangan sederhana: penjumlahan dan pengurangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Pre-Eksperimental One Group Pretest-Postest Design dengan sampel penelitian sejumlah 20 anak usia 5-6 tahun kelompok B di KB-RA Al-Kautsar Surabaya. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan nilai t-hitung sebesar 23,50 maka hipotesis nol (H0) ditolak karena nilai t-tabel lebih kecil yaitu 1.72913 untuk taraf signifikansi 0,05 dan 2.53948 untuk taraf signifikansi 0,01 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa APE media ayam bertelur perpengaruh terhadap kemampuan kognitif anak usia 5-6 tahun di KB-RA Al-Kautsar Surabaya. Terutama kemampuan kognitif tentang operasi bilangan sederhana: penjumlahan dan pengurangan.
Displacement Efficiency in Tight Sandstone Based on Fractional Flow Curve Using Relative Permeability Data
Authors: Khlaifat Abdelaziz 
Published: February 2023

In tight gas sandstone, relative permeability is an essential special core analysis dynamic test that can be used to estimate injectivity, secondary recovery, production rate, reservoir simulation, residual gas saturation, and effective water management. Having about 65% of hydraulic fracturing fluid not to flow back and stay in the reservoir results in having the tight sandstone gas reservoir to involve multi-phase flow, namely water and gas. During the hydraulic fracturing job both imbibition and forcibly imbibition processes take place while during fracturing fluid cleanup and gas production drainage flow becomes dominant.
The steady state flooding process was used to measure the relative permeability curves for tight sandstone core sample collected from Travis Peak Formation at a depth of 8707 ft. The measurement process involved the performance of a series of steady state experiments with different gas-water injection ratio. The fractional flow curve has been plotted, based on the measured relative permeability, and used to calculate the displacement efficiency for the flow through such type of tight porous media. The measurement showed relatively high irreducible water saturation (31%) and low residual gas saturation (6%). The measured gas relative permeability decreased slowly at a constant rate with increased wetting fluid saturation. The obtained fractional flow curve does not follow the s-shape behavior observed in conventional reservoir. The obtained results showed that displacement efficiency can be enhanced by increasing water viscosity.
Creative Hustling
Authors: Steedman Robin 
Published: February 2023

The first book-length study of Nairobi-based female filmmakers—and how their dogged pursuit of opportunities, innovation, and cultural support is defining an industry.
Nairobi, the capital of Kenya, is home to something extraordinary and unlikely: in this city, the most critically acclaimed filmmakers—both directors and producers—are women. Yet, across the globe, women make up less than 10 percent of film directors. In Creative Hustling,Robin Steedman takes a closer look at these remarkable women filmmakers, viewing them as auteurs as well as entrepreneurswho are taking the lead in creating a vibrant, and atypical, screen media industry. To understand their achievement, Steedman theorizes hustling as not only a practice born out of necessity but also an inventive labor in its own right—one that can create new spaces of community by carving new entrepreneurial pathways.
Through original empirical field research gathered over eight months in Nairobi, Steedman describes how female filmmakers go about trying to create their films, as well as the challenges they face in distributing those films in their local market. Along the way, she traces the history of the industry over the last fifteen years, the lack of state support for these filmmakers' undertakings, the low social standing of the profession, and the transnational conflicts that arise when Euro-American funding is at the heart of Kenyan cinema.
Creative Hustling is a major contribution to the task of de-Westernizing media industry studies, imparting important lessons about what it takes to create and distribute creative work in a global age increasingly marked by uncertain work.
Associations between picocyanobacterial ecotypes and cyanophage host genes across ocean basins and depth
Authors: Fuchsman Clara A. , Garcia Prieto David , Hays Matthew D. , Cram Jacob A. 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundCyanophages, viruses that infect cyanobacteria, are globally abundant in the ocean’s euphotic zone and are a potentially important cause of mortality for marine picocyanobacteria. Viral host genes are thought to increase viral fitness by either increasing numbers of genes for synthesizing nucleotides for virus replication, or by mitigating direct stresses imposed by the environment. The encoding of host genes in viral genomes through horizontal gene transfer is a form of evolution that links viruses, hosts, and the environment. We previously examined depth profiles of the proportion of cyanophage containing various host genes in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific Oxygen Deficient Zone (ODZ) and at the subtropical North Atlantic (BATS). However, cyanophage host genes have not been previously examined in environmental depth profiles across the oceans.MethodologyWe examined geographical and depth distributions of picocyanobacterial ecotypes, cyanophage, and their viral-host genes across ocean basins including the North Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, North Pacific, South Pacific, and Eastern Tropical North and South Pacific ODZs using phylogenetic metagenomic read placement. We determined the proportion of myo and podo-cyanophage containing a range of host genes by comparing to cyanophage single copy core gene terminase (terL). With this large dataset (22 stations), network analysis identified statistical links between 12 of the 14 cyanophage host genes examined here with their picocyanobacteria host ecotypes.ResultsPicyanobacterial ecotypes, and the composition and proportion of cyanophage host genes, shifted dramatically and predictably with depth. For most of the cyanophage host genes examined here, we found that the composition of host ecotypes predicted the proportion of viral host genes harbored by the cyanophage community. Terminase is too conserved to illuminate the myo-cyanophage community structure. CyanophagecobSwas present in almost all myo-cyanophage and did not vary in proportion with depth. We used the composition ofcobSphylotypes to track changes in myo-cyanophage composition.ConclusionsPicocyanobacteria ecotypes shift with changes in light, temperature, and oxygen and many common cyanophage host genes shift concomitantly. However, cyanophage phosphate transporter genepstSappeared to instead vary with ocean basin and was most abundant in low phosphate regions. Abundances of cyanophage host genes related to nutrient acquisition may diverge from host ecotype constraints as the same host can live in varying nutrient concentrations. Myo-cyanophage community in the anoxic ODZ had reduced diversity. By comparison to the oxic ocean, we can see which cyanophage host genes are especially abundant (nirA, nirC,andpurS) or not abundant (myopsbA) in ODZs, highlighting both the stability of conditions in the ODZ and the importance of nitrite as an N source to ODZ endemic LLVProchlorococcus.
Glioblastoma Multiforme: Molecular Biology and Updated Systematic Review on Natural Extract and Phytochemical Efficacy In-vitro
Authors: Cuschieri Andrea , Baron Byron 
Published: February 2023

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent primary malignant central nervous system tumours (CNST). Current treatment consists of surgical resection and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, the gold-standard agent being Temozolomide (TMZ). Despite optimal treatment, GBM has an abysmal associated prognosis of approximately 15 months. The disproportionately high morbidity and mortality necessitate studies which strive to increase knowledge on putative therapeutic agents to confirm or deny their possible use against GBM Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a deep understanding of GBM molecular biology upon which more effective therapeutic strategies may be developed.
Natural extracts and phytochemicals have shown promise as potential therapeutic agents against GBM. In this review, the molecular biology of GBM and molecular factors which contribute to therapeutic resistance are discussed in depth. The mechanisms by which phytochemicals and natural extracts exhibit can inhibit GBM growth and proliferation are discussed. Moreover, statistical analysis demonstrated that natural extracts and phytochemicals may be superior to TMZ in-vitro.
This review demonstrates that phytochemicals have great potential as novel therapeutic agents against GBM. Further preclinical and clinical studies are needed to determine the optimal doses, routes of administration, and potential toxicities of these agents, but their unique molecular targets and low toxicity profiles make them attractive candidates for further investigation.
VIOLÊNCIA E SUSPEIÇÃO:
Authors: Leal Jose Luis dos Santos 
Published: February 2023

Fruto das reflexões do trabalho de conclusão de curso, o presente artigo discute as ações policiais que visam à busca pessoal em jovens sob a utilização motivadora da suspeição policial, suas análises partem mais especificamente para o campo simbólico e subjetivo que confronta o policial e o jovem. A pesquisa analisa a partir de elementos que compõem a “tríplice da suspeição” os mecanismos e critérios da construção do discurso para fundamentar a suspeição policial, buscando compreender a possível articulação entre acusados e a influência de filtros sociais na seleção e criminalização dos indivíduos. A pesquisa foi realizada no ano de 2015 na comunidade da Baixada do Ambrósio, na cidade de Santana/AP, e desenvolveu-se a partir das seguintes vertentes: 1) pesquisa bibliográfica que possibilitou o contado com a literatura pertinente; 2) pesquisa etnográfica com a realização de entrevistas abertas e semiestruturadas com moradores do bairro e policiais militares da UPC (Unidade de Policiamento Comunitário). A pesquisa analisa ainda, como os policiais constroem o discurso que define quem é, ou não um suspeito. Assim, parte-se da hipótese que a suspeição não é aleatória, mas sim, seletiva e sistemática. É um processo inquisitório pelo qual identidades são construídas e/ou atribuídas para habitar adequadamente no que é representado como um suspeito.
ÁGUA, PAISAGENS E CONFLITOS:
Authors: Nascimento Renato 
Published: February 2023

Este artigo tem por objetivo tecer algumas reflexões etnográficas sobre os modos de vida dos habitantes do Vale do Rio Salitre, localizado no semiárido baiano. Apoiado em narrativas locais e tendo o Projeto Salitre de Irrigação como referência de descaso planejado e de violência administrada, faço uma descrição das trajetórias de vidas, modos de ser, viver e habitar dos salitreiros, buscando evidenciar as conexões que essas vidas estabelecem com o rio, a água, as comunidades e povoados localizados ao longo do Vale. Para isso, concebo metodologicamente a água como fato social total, analisando sua presença nos diferentes domínios da vida social dos agricultores familiares do Vale do Rio Salitre.
Evaluation of combinations of procedures in cesarean section
Authors: Stark M. , Chavkin Y. , Kupfersztain C. , Guedj P. , Finkel A.R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To evaluate a procedure for cesarean section, consisting of a number of surgical techniques adopted from various sources and further developed. Methods: The principal elements of the cesarean section procedure followed were: the Joel‐Cohen method for opening the abdomen, suturing the uterus in one layer, and non‐closure of the visceral and parietal peritoneal layers. The postoperative recovery of women who underwent this procedure (JCl−− group) was compared with that of women who had undergone a Pfannenstiel incision, in which the uterus is sutured in two layers, and both peritoneal layers sutured (Pf2++ group). Results: The incidence of postoperative febrile morbidity was 7.7% in the JCl−− group compared with 19.8% in the Pf2++ group (P < 0.05). Adhesions were found in 6.3% of repeat operations after the JCl−− operation compared with 28.8% after the Pf2++ operation (P < 0.05), and there was a non‐significant trend toward fewer postoperative analgesics in the JCl−− group. Conclusion: The cesarean section procedure we have devised is not only safe, but has a lower risk of long‐ and short‐term complications.
Inelastic neutron scattering analysis of low frequency motion in proteins: A normal mode study of the bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor
Authors: Smith Jeremy , Cusack Stephen , Pezzeca Ulrik , Brooks Bernard , Karplus Martin 
Published: July 2002

An improved understanding of the function of macromolecules of biological interest requires the characterization of their low-frequency internal fluctuations (ℏw≪kBT where kBT∼200 cm−1 at room temperature), which dominate the atomic displacements. To explore the potential or inelastic neutron scattering for supplying information about such motions, we employ the formalism of Zemach and Glauber [A. C. Zemach and R. J. Glauber, Phys. Rev. 101, 118 (1956)] to calculate the one-phonon vibrational incoherent scattering function, Svibinc (q,w), of a small protein, BPTI. An in vacuo normal mode analysis of BPTI [B. Brooks and M. Karplus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 6571 (1983)], is used for the calculation of Svibinc (q,w). The dependence of Svibinc (q,w) on energy transfer and momentum transfer is investigated and the results are placed in the context of present instrumental capabilities. Although the overall energy dependence of Svibinc (q,w) has a simple form, the variations in the
hydrogen atom displacements in the different modes have a significant effect on the scattering. Mode anisotropy is strongly manifested in oriented spectra calculated without instrumental resolution broadening. Contributions from individual atoms and residues to the unbroadened whole molecule scattering are examined in detail. They are found to depend significantly on the atom or residue examined. This suggests that inelastic neutron scattering has considerable potential for the investigation of local dynamic variations in proteins by use of a deuterated protein with specifically protonated residues.
Orientational averaging and instrumental resolution broadening of Svibinc (q,w) indicate that the one-phonon scattering detectable on the most suitable current instrument would show strong features arising principally from the frequency distribution of the vibrational modes. Multiphonon scattering is small at low momentum transfers in the low frequency range of most interest (&lt;30 cm−1) but increases rapidly with increasing energy and momentum transfers. It is shown to originate from the lowest frequency modes. The momentum transfer dependence of the one-phonon Svibinc (q,w) is investigated. An expression is found which can be used to extrapolate the calculated one-phonon scattering to zero momentum transfer using experimentally obtainable ranges of momentum transfer. This permits the extraction of an amplitude-weighted frequency distribution function. At current resolutions this function is similar in form to the unweighted frequency distribution function, knowledge of which would be very useful for analysis of protein thermodynamics and dynamics.
Experiments on the kinetics of field evaporation of small ions from droplets
Authors: Loscertales I. G. , Fernández de la Mora J. 
Published: July 2002

The phenomenon of ion evaporation from charged liquid surfaces is at the basis of electrospray ionization, a source of a stunning variety of gas phase ions. It is studied here by producing a monodisperse cloud of charged droplets and measuring the charge q and diameter dr of the residue particles left after complete evaporation of the solvent. When the droplets contain small monovalent dissolved ions, the electric field E on the surface of their solid residues is found to be independent of dr. One can thus argue that the source of small ions in electrospray ionization is field-emission, and not other proposed mechanisms such as Dole’s charged residue model. A consequence of the observed independence of E on dr is that the rate of ion ejection is simply related to the rate of solvent evaporation, estimated here as that for a clean surface of pure solvent.
The reduction G(E) brought about by the electric field E in the activation energy for ion evaporation has thus been inferred as a function of the measured field E in the range 1.5&lt;E(V/nm)&lt;3.25. It agrees surprisingly well with the so-called Schottky hump from the image potential model (IPM), GIPM=(e3E/4πε0)1/2. This remarkably simple result is paradoxical in view of two major objections raised earlier against the use of the IPM for ion evaporation from liquids. However, the correct mechanism (first introduced by Iribarne and Thomson) leading to an attractive interaction between the liquid surface and the escaping ion is not the creation of an image charge, but the polarization of the dielectric liquid by the ion. In the limit of a large dielectric constant ε≫1, the image force and the polarization force coincide numerically, though the later sets in much faster and is apparently free from the paradox raised by Röllgen. Also, the dielectric nature of the liquid and its strong screening of the net charges near its surface resolves another paradox raised by Fenn regarding the discrete distribution of charges. This screening also introduces a correction in the model proposed by Iribarne and Thomson for G(E), making its predictions virtually indistinguishable from those of GIPM(E). In conclusion, small ions observed in electrospray ionization are produced by field-emission. Measured ionization rates are well represented by results from a ‘‘polarization potential model’’ which appears to be physically sound. These predictions coincide with those from the IPM in the limit ε≫1, the only case studied so far.
Unsteady laminar flow between a pair of disks corotating in a fixed cylindrical enclosure
Authors: Humphrey J. A. C. , Schuler C. A. , Webster D. R. 
Published: July 2002

The unsteady streamlined motion of a constant property fluid in the unobstructed space between a pair of disks corotating at angular velocity Ω in a fixed cylindrical enclosure is investigated numerically. Two-dimensional (axisymmetric) and three-dimensional calculations are performed using a second-order accurate time-explicit algorithm. The flow configuration corresponds to that investigated experimentally by Schuler et al. [Phys. Fluids A 2, 1760 (1990)]. The steady flow solutions are characterized by a symmetrical pair of counter-rotating toroidal vortices in the cross-stream (r-z) plane. This secondary motion is driven by the radial imbalance between the outward-directed centrifugal force and the inward-directed pressure gradient force. Axisymmetric calculations predict a flow that is steady for Re&lt;22 200, where Re is the Reynolds number based on the disk radius, the tip speed of the disks, and the kinematic viscosity of the fluid. Above this value the motion is unsteady periodic and, while the features of the cross-stream flow pattern are broadly preserved, the symmetry of the motion about the midplane is broken by alternating periodic crossings of the toroidal vortices.
This instability is maintained through an interaction that arises between outward-directed fluid in the disk Ekman layers and inward-directed fluid in the return core flow. Three-dimensional calculations at Re=22 200 and 44 400 show that the toroidal vortices acquire a time-varying sinuous shape in the circumferential direction. These calculations reveal circumferentially periodic reversals of the axial velocity component in the cross-stream plane, including the detached shear layer separating the region of motion in solid-body rotation near the hub from the potential core, in agreement with the flow visualization observations of Humphrey and Gor [Phys. Fluids A 5, 2438 (1993)]. The wavelength of this oscillation is shown to be twice that of the circumferential velocity component which is responsible for the nodal distribution of axial vorticity. When plotted on the interdisk midplane, the axial component of vorticity manifests itself as an even integer number, 2n (n=1,2,...), of circumferentially periodic foci. Experiments show that the number of foci decreases in a stepwise manner with increasing Reynolds number. For the conditions of this study, the calculated dimensionless angular velocity of the foci, ΩF/Ω, ranges from 0.55 at Re=22 200 to 0.44 at Re=44 400. These values are close to the present experimental estimate ΩF/Ω=0.5.
Learning Careers: Continuity and change in young people's dispositions to learning
Authors: Bloomer Martin , Hodkinson Phil 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTDespite an extensive literature on the subject of learning, very little has been written about the ways in which young people's dispositions to learning transform over time. This article draws upon a longitudinal research project which focused on such transformations. The article centres on the case of Amanda Ball and considers the implications which her story holds for our understanding of learning. It is shown that dispositions can transform in a short period of time and that such transformations are often linked, in complex ways, to wider social, economic and cultural contexts.
Cells on the Move: A Dialogue Between Polarization and Motility
Authors: Manes Santos , Mira Emilia , Gomez‐Mouton Concepcion , Lacalle Rosa Ana , Martinez‐A Carlos 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThroughout evolution, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have developed a variety of biochemical mechanisms to define the direction and proximity of extracellular stimuli. This process is essential for the cell to reply properly to the environmental cues that determine cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Chemotaxis is the cellular response to chemical attractants that direct cell migration, a process that plays a central role in many physiological situations, such as host immune responses, angiogenesis, wound healing, embryogenesis, and neuronal patterning, among others. In addition, cell migration takes part in pathological states, including inflammation and tumor metastasis. Indeed, tumor progression to invasion and metastasis depends on the active motility of the invading cancer cells and the endothelial cell bed during tumor neovascularization. Cell migration switches “off” and “on” based on quantitative differences in molecular components such as adhesion receptors, cytoskeletal linking proteins, and extracellular matrix ligands, and by regulating the affinity of membrane‐bound chemoattractant receptors. A clear understanding of how cells sense chemoattractants is, therefore, of pivotal importance in the biology of the normal cell as well as in prevention of malignant cell invasion. Here we offer a perspective on cell migration that emphasizes the relationship between cell polarization and cell movement and the importance of the equilibrium between the signals that drive each process for the control of tumor cell invasion.