bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field margins and cropping system influence diversity and abundance of aphid natural enemies in Lablab purpureus
Authors: Obanyi Janet N. , Ogendo Joshua O. , Mulwa Richard M. S. , Nyaanga Jane G. , Cheruiyot Erick K. , Bett Philip K. , Belmain Steven R. , Arnold Sarah E. J. , Nash‐Woolley Victoria C. , Stevenson Philip C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractField margin plants around crops are postulated to increase natural enemy abundance to enhance pest management. A trial was conducted to determine the contribution of field margin vegetation and cropping systems to natural enemies of bean aphids (Aphis fabae) on Lablab purpureus, an orphan crop legume. Natural enemy populations were surveyed in plots with a combination of lablab monocrop or maize‐lablab intercrop and with or without planted field margins comprising four plant species (Chenopodium album, Bidens pilosa, Galinsoga parviflora and Tagetes minuta), arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. A cage experiment was also conducted to understand the extent to which these field margin plants supported the parasitoid wasp, Aphidius colemani, to parasitize bean aphids. A total of 2029 insects from 10 families were collected using sticky cards and pan traps. In comparison to plots with no field margin plants, the presence of plant‐rich field margins increased abundance of natural enemies by 9.5% and supported higher populations of Braconidae (parasitoids) and damsel bugs (predators). The maize‐lablab intercrop had 15.5% lower abundance of natural enemies than the lablab monocrop. Higher grain yield was recorded in plots with a field margin vegetation (300 kg ha−1) compared to plots without field margin vegetation (210 kg ha−1). The presence of a companion plant did not significantly affect the performance of parasitoids, in the cage experiment, indicating that parasitoids were not limited by access to food. In supporting aphid parasitization, B. pilosa was associated with the highest number of mummies (8.28). The lowest number of mummies were observed in cages with T. minuta (3.44). These results demonstrate the potential of plant‐rich field margins to augment natural enemy populations and enhance conservation biocontrol of aphids.
Decomposing industry leverage: The special cases of real estate investment trusts and technology & hardware companies
Authors: Breuer Wolfgang , Nguyen Linh D. , Steininger Bertram I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDifferent industries exhibit significantly different leverage; companies in the real estate investment trust (REIT) and technology/hardware sectors are extreme examples. In the United States, the leverage ratio is twice as high for REITs (50%) as compared to non‐real‐estate firms (around 25%), and the technology/hardware sector has the lowest ratio (around 17%). We theoretically and empirically analyze their differences. By decomposing the difference into three channels, we find that the industry‐specific channel explains around 67% for REITs and 68% for technology/hardware firms; the value‐based channel is mostly responsible for the remaining portion. Taking the nonlinear influences of extreme values into account, the relevance of the industry‐specific channel is considerably reduced.
Multiobjective programming model for a class of flood disaster emergency material allocation
Authors: Huang Li , Yu Zhicheng , Wang Wei , Song Yue , Wang Yunqing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFlood disasters are a hot topic in the field of disaster prevention and control. To reduce the high‐density economic losses caused by floods, it is necessary to effectively and reasonably distribute emergency supplies to disaster sites during the emergency cycle. This article describes setting up a comprehensive multirescue site, multidisaster site, and multiobjective programming model to measure the total amount of time taken to transport supplies and economic losses endured in the response and recovery. Moreover, we use the evolutionary algorithm based on the Pareto concept and simulate the calculation using computer simulation. Finally, a case study is carried out based on various supply data of the historical flood disaster and the flood control supply reserves in the Jiangsu Province. The optimization results are discussed using the sorting method that approaches the ideal solution, and three feasible emergency plans are given, which can provide a reference for emergency supply transportation for urban flood control.
Migrant farmworkers: Resisting and organising before, during and after COVID‐19
Authors: Venkatesh Vasanthi , Esnard Talia , Bogoeski Vladimir , Ferrando Tomaso 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMigrant farmworkers are a ubiquitous but invisibilised, expropriated and exploited component of the global agricultural economy. Their conditions took centre‐stage during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Fear of production disruption in the migrant labour‐intensive sectors led to foreign workers being deemed ‘essential’ in many countries, and exceptional procedures and regulations were instituted that further increased their exploitation, illnesses and deaths. However, the pandemic has not merely exposed the long‐established structures of racialised exploitation and expropriation in the domain of farm work. Although it exacerbated the precariousness of the living and working conditions defining the reality of migrant farm workers, there is evidence that the pandemic also strengthened farmworkers' individual and collective consciousness, along with forms of organisation and resistance. The symposium ‘Migrant Farmworkers: Resisting and Organizing before, during and after COVID‐19’ explores two dimensions reflected in migrant farmworkers' realities during the pandemic. First, the contributions look at the general conditions defining power structures and material outcomes within the political economy of agriculture before and during the pandemic. Second, they explore the conditions under which resistance and solidarity emerged to question established structures of exploitation.
Humanizing aquaculture development: Putting social and human concerns at the center of future aquaculture development
Authors: Brugere C. , Bansal T. , Kruijssen F. , Williams M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCompared with other aquaculture issues, attention to human and social dimensions is lagging behind. Sectoral development, policy, and programmatic factors have created inequities and sub‐optimal social outcomes, which are jeopardizing the broader contribution the sector could make to human well‐being. Human rights in aquaculture are at the core of this article, which argues that aquaculture development, as a major economic and food producing sector, needs to be about human development. The article reviews: the application of human rights in aquaculture, and the related right to decent work; the notions of justice and equity including the idea of Blue Justice and its relevance in aquaculture; and ethics and social license to operate with the challenges that business ethics and public acceptance pose to the sector. It also reviews how these issues affect people: women, along with slow progress in gender equality in the sector; youth and their engagement in aquaculture, while noting that ‘youth’ does not equate to “jobs” and requires the lifting of many more societal hurdles for their full participation in the sector; indigenous people and local ecological knowledge—a precious asset for future aquaculture as well as the survival and enhancement of the cultural value of aquaculture; and people with disabilities and other minorities who have yet to become fully visible and accounted for in aquaculture development. Redressing human and social issues in aquaculture, and placing people at the center of aquaculture development requires a fundamental change from business as usual. To humanize aquaculture development, a renewed human relationship with aquaculture is proposed, which is founded on recognizing substantive equality and agency, embracing intersectionality, that is, the multiple social dimensions of identity and interaction, and valuing cross‐disciplinary knowledge systems. It would be implemented through new, inclusive, business models, social provisioning approaches, and procedural justice and governance mechanisms for overcoming inequalities. Public, private, and non‐state actors will need to be involved, inclusive of small‐scale farmers, women, youth, people with disabilities, and indigenous communities as key groups. Six key messages conclude the article.
Is integrated taxonomy useful to study diversity and ecology? An example from crustacean zooplankton at the Long‐Term ecological research site MareChiara (LTER‐MC)
Authors: Di Capua Iole , Piredda Roberta , D'Angiolo Rosa , Minucci Carmen , Montalbano Andrea , Boero Ferdinando , Carotenuto Ylenia , Uttieri Marco 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMolecular tools increasingly refine and improve the identification of zooplankton organisms based on phenotypic features, providing a more robust and comprehensive species description. Integration of data helps revealing the hidden diversity of zooplankton and facilitating the detection of rare and non‐indigenous species. This approach, merging morphological characters and a diagnostic marker for specific identification, such as the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI), is here used to characterize key taxa from the zooplankton assemblage of the Gulf of Naples at the Long‐Term Ecological Research site MareChiara (LTER‐MC) (Central Tyrrhenian Sea, Western Mediterranean Sea). Zooplankton biodiversity assessment using integrated taxonomy was focused on selected crustacean groups: cyclopod copepods (Agetus typicus, Oithona plumifera, Oncaea mediterranea, Oncaea scottodicarloi); newly records of cladocerans (Evadne nordmanni), euphausiids (Euphausia krohnii, Nematoscelis megalops, Nyctiphanes spp.) and sergestids (Lucifer typus), with the aim to boost the knowledge of real zooplankton biodiversity. The results of our investigation provide new high‐quality molecular references of the analysed taxa and contribute to unveiling the genetic diversification of zooplankton species and their relevant ecological significance for Mediterranean coastal waters.
From iatrogenesis to vaccine skepticism: US mothers’ negative vaccine perceptions and non‐vaccination practices as reverberations of medical harm
Authors: Richlin Johanna Bard 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVaccine skepticism, and the related practices of selective‐ or non‐vaccination, has steadily grown in the twenty‐first century, especially among US mothers. The phenomenon has been especially pronounced in Oregon, which ranked first nationally for the number of kindergarteners with nonmedical exemptions in 2018. Based on 12 months of digital research in Oregon in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic, my findings suggest that mothers’ vaccine skepticism emerges from experiences of iatrogenesis from childhood through childbirth. While existing literature analyzes medical distrust among BIPOC communities as related to historical and ongoing iatrogenesis, scholars often portray vaccine skepticism among white US mothers as related to “neoliberal parenting” and “intensive mothering.” By analyzing mothers’ vaccine skepticism as an outgrowth of iatrogenesis, this article underscores the long‐term ramifications of systematic medical harm against women in the US. This finding is particularly relevant amid public health crises, when mitigation depends upon vaccine utilization. [vaccines, medical distrust, US mothers, iatrogenesis, autonomy]
How do we differentiate not demonise – Is there a role for healthier processed foods in an age of food insecurity? Proceedings of a roundtable event
Authors: Lockyer Stacey , Spiro Ayela , Berry Sarah , He Jibin , Loth Shefalee , Martinez‐Inchausti Andrea , Mellor Duane , Raats Monique , Sokolović Milka , Vijaykumar Santosh , Stanner Sara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ‘ultra‐processed food’ (UPF) concept, with classification of foods by ‘level of processing’ rather than nutrient profiles, and its relationship with health outcomes, is currently a topic of debate among academics and increasingly referred to in the media. The British Nutrition Foundation convened a virtual roundtable on 6th July 2022 to gather views on the use of the term (and current definitions of) UPF for public health messaging, seeking to establish areas of consensus and disagreement and identify topics for further research. A small group of invited expert stakeholders attended, including representatives from academia, policy, behavioural science, communications, health, food science, retail and consumer interests. Participants' discussions clustered into cogent themes which included: problems with the use of definitions for UPF, the lack of causal evidence and defined mechanisms linking processing per se with poor health outcomes, and advice that may result in consumer confusion. There was agreement that many foods classified as UPF are high in fat, sugars and/or salt and public health messages should continue to focus on reducing these in the diet since it is unclear whether reported associations between high intakes of UPF and poor health reflect poorer dietary patterns (defined by nutrient intakes), and nutrient‐health relationships are well established. Examples of misalignment were also highlighted (i.e. some foods are classified as UPF yet recommended in food‐based dietary guidelines [featuring in healthy dietary patterns]). This raises challenges for consumer communication around UPF. Concern was also expressed about potential unintended consequences, particularly for vulnerable groups, where advice to avoid UPF could create stigma and guilt due to lack of time or facilities to prepare and cook meals from scratch. It could also impact on nutrient intakes, as some foods classified as UPF represent more affordable sources of important nutrients (e.g. packaged wholemeal bread). Discordance between the concept of UPF and current strategies to improve public health, such as reformulation, was also discussed. The group concluded that the use of the concept of UPF in UK policy (e.g. dietary guidelines) would be unhelpful at present. Overall, participants felt that it was more important to focus on providing practical advice around selection of healthier processed foods and making healthier foods more accessible rather than promoting the avoidance of UPF. The latter may act to demonise all foods classified as UPF by current definitions, including some affordable nutrient‐dense foods.
Re‐humanising management through co‐presence: Lessons from enforced telework during the second wave of Covid‐19
Authors: Taskin Laurent , Klinksiek Ive , Ajzen Michel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe use of enforced telework during the Covid‐19 crisis sheds light on the importance of co‐presence—i.e., presence mediated by information and communication technologies instead of physical proximity—for managing people. Previous studies on telework have exposed the risk of social isolation, which can lead workers to feel dehumanised. In this paper, we investigate how management adapts to co‐presence by drawing on 28 semi‐structured interviews conducted in February and March 2021 among employees and managers from private and public organisations in Belgium. Surprising results show that co‐presence was mainly lived as a way to maintain proximity and constituted an opportunity for some managers to re‐humanise their work approach, and for employees to feel humanely managed. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for the study of humanisation and co‐presence in management, including some critical considerations regarding the very notions of ‘de‐’ and ‘re‐humanisation’, and make recommendations in terms of technology, work organisation, and management.
Assessing inbreeding in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) as a step towards F1 hybrid breeding
Authors: Harris Caitlin , Hall Madison , Arrowfield Ruby , Herridge Rowan , Eady Colin , Macknight Richard , Brownfield Lynette 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPerennial ryegrass is an important turf and forage grass in temperate regions worldwide. Limited genetic gains have been made with current breeding strategies compared with other grass crops, such as rice and maize, which benefit from Filial 1 (F1) hybrid breeding. One of the largest constraints on hybrid breeding in ryegrass is self‐incompatibility preventing inbreeding, as homozygous parental lines are required to develop hybrids with maximal hybrid vigour. Obligate outcrossing in ryegrass has resulted in cultivars with high levels of heterozygosity, lacking trait uniformity across the population. A naturally occurring self‐fertile (SF) locus that overcomes the self‐incompatibility system has been identified in a European perennial ryegrass population. This study crossed the SF locus into an elite cultivar, producing a self‐compatible population that was inbred for several generations. Genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) was used to assess the population structure and degree of inbreeding in the self‐compatible population. Phenotypic analysis indicated that increased homozygosity did not necessarily affect growth and performance. This study concludes that self‐compatible ryegrass is a promising tool for hybrid breeding and agronomic improvement of perennial ryegrass.
Flower morphology evolution in Jaborosa (Solanaceae): shape and size variation associated with contrasting pollination modes
Authors: Ibañez A. C. , Sérsic A. N. , Cocucci A. A. , Moré M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Flower morphology is considered an important factor in species diversification because it may influence the efficiency of pollination in different ways (e.g. attraction and mechanical fit with different groups of pollinators). In the present study, we quantified the variation in flower morphology (i.e. shape and size) of the diverse South American genus Jaborosa Juss. (Solanaceae) in relation to contrasting pollination modes: rewarding pollination either by moths or by generalist small insects versus brood‐site deceptive pollination by saprophilous flies.

We examined variations of flower morphology in frontal (pollinator attraction) and sagittal (functional fit with pollinators) views in 12 Jaborosa species using geometric morphometric methods and comparative approaches to infer whether flower shape evolution, not attributable to flower allometry or phylogenetic relationship, is associated with shifts in pollination modes.

We found remarkable variation in flower morphology among both Jaborosa species and pollination modes, largely in sagittal view. Evolutionary trends in shape of fly‐pollinated flowers were mainly attributable to changes in developmental trajectories. Variation in flower architecture facilitated differential pollen placement – on the proboscis of moths, and either on the back or ventral region of saprophilous flies – promoting diversification of the genus.

Diversification of shape, independent of size, in most of the studied Jaborosa species would indicate adaptation to contrasting pollination modes.
In Medias Res: Using Sociology to Uncover the Harm of Arbitrary Deprivation of Nationality in Colombia. Reflections on Public Sociology as a Graduate Student1
Authors: Besserer Rayas Andrés 
Published: May 2023

Some literature on public sociology conceives of students as a public rather than potential or real practitioners of this type of sociology. There is a dearth of texts reflecting on graduate student training in public sociology and the trade‐offs they face. In this paper, I engage in a reflexive account of my experience doing public sociology, as I partnered with nonprofits to conceptualize, research, and write a report on the effects of stripped citizenship in Colombia after a mistaken administrative decision deprived 40,000 mostly binnational Venezuelan‐Colombians of their nationality in that country. This report has served as part of strategic litigation and to raise public awareness of the harmful policy. I argue that three things are key for graduate students to engage in public sociology and have been overlooked. First, training in public sociology, especially training with elements of apprenticeship, can develop the publicly engaged sociological imagination and toolkit, which is key to identifying opportunities for interventions in the midst of fieldwork, and models for interventions. Second, support from established professors. And third, local, contextual knowledge is indispensable. I also discuss ways to offset some of the trade‐offs that graduate students are likely to face when doing public sociology.
Collective views of vaccination predict vaccine hesitancy and willingness to receive a COVID‐19 vaccine
Authors: Davisson Erin K. , Hoyle Rick H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe examined the association between sociodemographic factors, views of vaccines as being an individual choice to protect oneself versus a collective choice to protect others, general vaccine hesitancy, and willingness to receive a COVID‐19 vaccine. In a sample of adults (N = 619; 33% non‐white), we showed that demographic factors explain significant variance in both vaccine hesitancy and willingness to receive a COVID‐19 vaccine. Viewing vaccines as an individual choice to protect oneself explained additional variance in vaccine hesitancy. However, people who viewed vaccines as a collective choice to protect others showed both less vaccine hesitancy and greater willingness to receive a COVID‐19 vaccine. These findings suggest that promoting prosocial attitudes about vaccinations may decrease vaccine hesitancy and increase vaccine uptake.
Grounded Cognition, Linguistic Relativity, and Abstract Concepts
Authors: Borghi Anna M. , Mazzuca Claudia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractKemmerer's paper convincingly claims that the grounded cognition model (GCM) entails linguistic relativity. Here, we underline that tackling linguistic relativity and cultural differences is vital for GCM. First, it allows GCM to focus more on flexible rather than stable aspects of cognition. Second, it highlights the centrality of linguistic experience for human cognition. While GCM‐inspired research underscored the similarity between linguistic and nonlinguistic concepts, it is now paramount to understand when and how language(s) influence knowledge. To this aim, we argue that linguistic variation might be particularly relevant for more abstract concepts—which are more debatable and open to revisions.