bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic Characterization of Congenital Hyperinsulinism Due to Novel Activating Glucokinase Mutations
Authors: Li Changhong , Juliana Christine A. , Yuan Yue , Li Ming , Lu Ming , Chen Pan , Boodhansingh Kara E. , Doliba Nicolai M. , Bhatti Tricia R. , Adzick N. Scott , Stanley Charles A. , De León Diva D. 
Published: September 2023

The importance of glucokinase (GK) in the regulation of insulin secretion has been highlighted by the phenotypes of individuals with activating and inactivating mutations in the glucokinase gene (GCK). Here we report 10 individuals with congenital hyperinsulinism (HI) caused by eight unique activating mutations of GCK. Six are novel and located near previously identified activating mutations sites. The first recognized episode of hypoglycemia in these patients occurred between birth and 24 years, and the severity of the phenotype was also variable. Mutant enzymes were expressed and purified for enzyme kinetics in vitro. Mutant enzymes had low glucose half-saturation concentration values and an increased enzyme activity index compared with wild-type GK. We performed functional evaluation of islets from the pancreata of three children with GCK-HI who required pancreatectomy. Basal insulin secretion in perifused GCK-HI islets was normal, and the response to glyburide was preserved. However, the threshold for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in perifused glucokinase hyperinsulinism (GCK-HI) islets was decreased, and glucagon secretion was greatly suppressed. Our evaluation of novel GCK disease-associated mutations revealed that the detrimental effects of these mutations on glucose homeostasis can be attributed not only to a lowering of the glucose threshold of insulin secretion but also to a decreased counterregulatory glucagon secretory response.

Article Highlights
Our evaluation of six novel and two previously published activating GCK mutations revealed that the detrimental effects of these mutations on glucose homeostasis can be attributed not only to a lowering of the glucose threshold of insulin secretion but also to a decreased counterregulatory glucagon secretory response. These studies provide insights into the pathophysiology of GCK-hyperinsulinism and the dual role of glucokinase in β-cells and α-cells to regulate glucose homeostasis.
Frequency and Causes of Nocturnal Alarms in Youth and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using a First-Generation Hybrid Closed-Loop System
Authors: Cobry Erin C. , Vigers Tim , Berget Cari , Messer Laurel H. , Wadwa R. Paul , Pyle Laura , Forlenza Gregory P. 
Published: September 2023

Background
Meeting glycemic recommendations is challenging for youth with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes technology, including continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and hybrid closed-loop (HCL) automated insulin delivery systems, significantly increase achievement of glycemic targets; however, many youth struggle to sustain use of early HCL systems. Nocturnal alarm fatigue contributes to disrupted sleep and device discontinuation.

Methods
We examined the frequency and causes of nocturnal (10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.) alarms in pediatric patients (N = 76, median age 14.5 years [interquartile range 11.8–17.0 years, range 7–24 years]) starting on a first-generation HCL system in a prospective observational study. Device data were analyzed with linear mixed-effects models to examine change across time at 3-month intervals for 12 months.

Results
At baseline (HCL system in nonautomated mode), participants averaged 3.3 ± 0.6 alarms per night. In the 2 weeks after starting HCL (automated) mode, alarm frequency significantly increased to 5.4 ± 0.5 times per night (P &lt;0.001). Alarm frequency decreased through the remainder of the observational period; however, CGM sensor and HCL system use also declined. The types of alarms were evenly distributed among sensor maintenance, sensor threshold, pump, and HCL-specific alarms.

Conclusion
These data show that HCL system nocturnal alarms are frequent and may be barriers to sleep quality and device use. Further research is needed to assess the impact of diabetes technology on sleep and to determine method to improve sleep quality with technology use.
Influências na escrita do gênero abstract
Authors: Gil Beatriz , Aranha Solange 
Published: September 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar a importância de se considerar as características intradisciplinares – inerentes a uma disciplina específica – e interdisciplinares – relação desta disciplina com outras que se encontram em intersecção com ela no fazer cientifico. Para tanto, 24 abstracts publicados em dois periódicos A1 da área de Linguística foram analisados tanto retoricamente, com base no modelo de Gil (2011), quanto linguisticamente, com base nos estudos de Hyland (1998, 2005, 2002, 2012). Os resultados apontam que, apesar de a disciplina de Linguística estar inserida nas Ciências Humanas, nos periódicos analisados, ela apresenta interface com disciplinas biológicas, agregando crenças científicas dessas disciplinas em seu fazer científico e, consequentemente, influenciando na materialização retórica e na modalização – uso de hedges e boosters - dos abstracts publicados.
A novel ECG algorithm to differentiate between ventricular arrhythmia from right versus left ventricular outflow tract
Authors: Zhang Wei , Huang Kui , Qu Jun , Su Guoying , Li Xinyun , Kong Qingzan , Jiang Hua 
Published: September 2023

Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the diagnostic criteria for determining the origin of outflow tract ventricular arrhythmia (OTVA) and develop an ECG algorithm to predict its origin.

Method
We analyzed the ECGs of 100 patients with OTVA who underwent successful ablation. The QRS complex was measured during sinus rhythm and ventricular arrhythmia. After the ECG algorithm was developed, it was validated in an additional 100 patients from two different hospitals.

Results
In this retrospective study, among the parameters without restrictions in the transition lead, the V2S/V3R index (AUC = 0.96) was significantly better in predicting ventricular arrhythmia originating from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). Further, the larger initial r wave surface area (ISA) in V1 and V2 (AUC = 0.06) was significantly better in predicting ventricular arrhythmias originating from the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT). Among the parameters with the transition lead in V3, the V2S/V3R index (AUC = 0.82) was significantly better in predicting VAs originating from the RVOT. On the contrary, the V3 R-wave deflection interval (AUC = 0.19) was significantly better in predicting ventricular arrhythmias originating from the LVOT. The algorithm combining the V2S/V3R index and the larger ISA in V1 and V2 could predict OTVA origin with an accuracy of 95.00%, a sensitivity of 87.18%, a specificity of 100.00%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100.00%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 92.42%. In the validation study, the algorithm exhibited excellent accuracy (95.00%) and AUC (AUC = 0.95), with a sensitivity of 94.12%, a specificity of 95.45%, a PPV of 91.43%, and an NPV of 96.92%.

Conclusion
Our developed algorithm can reliably predict OTVA origin without restrictions in the transition lead.
The Impact of Cancel Culture on Politics and International Relations
Authors: Deriglazova L. V. , Pogorelskaya A. M. 
Published: September 2023

The article aims to reveal particularities of cancel culture in politics and international relations using methods of sociology and conflict theory. Deriving from previous research of cancel culture, authors define cancel culture as non-institutionalized form of social control that is implemented through mass mobilization in social media. After informal pressure the formal punishment could follow against those who break norms or behavior expectations. As a kind of social control cancel culture could contribute to overcoming gap between manifested values and social practices, preserving social order and fighting elitism and inequality. At the same time cancel culture could be used as instrument of unfair competition, political struggle and suppression of opinions. Comparison of cancel culture cases in the USA, United Kingdom and Russia allows to conclude that the scale and effectiveness of collective actions depend on national context, different systems of norms and values and cultural practices to react on violation of values and norms.In politics and international relations cancel culture manifests as an addition to actions of formal political institutions, and it aims to undermine authority and reputation of a politician. It is important that in politics and international relations cancel culture is an instrument of informal control, which follows formal sanctions. Conclusions about the nature of cancel culture as an instrument of politics helps to understand better its functions in regard to attempts to “cancel” Russia. Cancel culture adds to formal sanctions and aims to isolate the country, to undermine its legitimacy as international actor. In regard to Russia the efforts are made to “cancel” it on two levels: formal – by sanctions and informal – via rejection to cooperate coming from various professional communities. In both cases countries and respective communities have their own understanding of norms and acceptable means and tools, and thus cancel culture becomes a toll of collective punishment. International relations lack universal understanding of norms and single center of political power, so that causes selective usage of instruments to impact, and thus cancel culture becomes an instrument of political struggle.
Kecernaan Bahan Kering dan Bahan Organik Rumput Meksiko (Euchlaena mexicana) pada Berbagai Umur Potong dan Dosis Pupuk
Authors: Widiyanto - , Sutarno - , Wahyuni Sri 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kecernaaan bahan kering (KcBK) dan bahan organik (KcBO) rumput Meksiko (Euchlanea mexicana) pada umur potong dan dosis pupuk yang berbeda. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kampus Undaris Ungaran, sedangkan analisis kecernaan di Laboratorium Ilmu Makanan Ternak, Program Studi Peternakan, Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Diponegaro Semarang. Materi yang digunakan adalah rumput Meksiko (Euchlanea mexicana) yang diperoleh dari Kecamatan Sumowono, Kabupaten Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Bahan kimia yang digunakan berupa larutan penyangga “McDougall”, larutan pepsin HCl, gas CO2 dan aquades. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 3 3, dengan 4 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah pengaruh umur potong yaitu: (P1) 30 hari, (P2), 45 hari, dan (P3) 60 hari. Faktor yang kedua yaitu dosis pupuk N terdiri dari (Dl) 150 kg N /ha/th, (D2) 200 kg N /ha/th, (D3) 250 kg N /ha/th. Variabel yang diukur adalah kecernaaan bahan kering (KcBK) dan bahan organik (KcBO). Data yang diperoleh diolah dengan analisis ragam dan diuji lanjut menggunakan uji Duncan’s multiple-area test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan umur potong yang semakin lama menurukan (P<0,05) KcBK dan KcBO. Perlakuan dosis pupuk tidak memengaruhi KcBK dan KcBO. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan umur potong lebih berpengaruh terhadap KcBK dan KcBO rumput Meksiko. Kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan kering tertinggi dicapai pada umur potong 30 hari disusul 45 dan 60 hari.
Kata kunci: rumput Meksiko, kecernaan bahan kering, kecernaan bahan organik
Saúde mental da mulher
Authors: Ribeiro Christiane Carvalho , Rennó Junior Joel , Neves Maila de Castro Lourenço das 
Published: September 2023

As doenças psiquiátricas atingem todas as faixas etárias, gêneros e classes sociais. Mas é sabido, no entanto, que as mulheres possuem tendências ao surgimento de alguns transtornos em específico de forma mais frequente que os homens, principalmente devido aos aspectos genéticos e às flutuações hormonais naturais do sexo feminino. Durante o mês de março, a atenção de diversos setores da sociedade está voltada para as mulheres, devido à instituição do dia 08 de março como Dia Internacional da Mulher. Dando continuidade ao tema iniciado na semana anterior, a ABP apresentam mais um programa voltado ao tema, discutindo "Saúde mental da mulher" na próxima terça-feira, 10 de março. Quais os transtornos mais comuns em mulheres? Quais os fatores que as colocam como grupo de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças psiquiátricas? Estas e outras perguntas serão respondidas no ABP TV que vai ao ar nesta terça-feira, às 20h30, pelos doutores Christiane Ribeiro, Joel Rennó Jr e Maila de Castro.
Strategic Triangles, Actors and Agency: Georgia and Abkhazia in a Changing Regional Context
Authors: Blakkisrud Helge , Kemoklidze Nino 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In scholarly debates as well as in public discourse, Georgia is often reduced to being one of the states “in-between” Russia and the European Union (EU), and part of a “contested neighbourhood”. The breakaway region of Abkhazia is usually not even credited with that, being treated as a mere appendage to Russia. In this special issue we challenge such approaches by analyzing the forging of Georgia’s and Abkhazia’s strategic paths as much more complex processes than are often assumed. In a context defined by the crisis in Russia–West relations, we explore actorness and agency – in the case of Georgia, within the strategic triangle of Georgia, the EU and Russia; in the case of Abkhazia, within the Abkhazia–Georgia–Russia triangle. Our aim is to expand the scope of analysis in two directions: first, by exploring what actors are shaping Georgia’s and Abkhazia’s strategic orientation, and second, by examining how these actors operate and interact in forging these entities’ strategic paths.
Retrospective review of rates of sexually transmitted and blood-borne infection (STBBI) testing in provincial corrections facilities in Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors: Whitten Cindy , Turner Alison , Howell Brittany , Sparkes Brooklyn , Ricciardelli Rosemary , Daley Peter 
Published: September 2023

Background:Sexually transmitted and blood borne infection (STBBI) testing is recommended for people who are incarcerated (PWAI). We sought to determine the rate of STBBI testing during admissions to provincial correctional institutions in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL).Methods:This retrospective cohort study collected the identification of all admissions records in provincial correctional facilities in NL between July 1, 2020 and June 31, 2021 using the Provincial Corrections Offender Maintenance System database. Admissions to provincial detention centers were excluded. Records were linked with STBBI results, when available, within the electronic medical record (Meditech) using demographics. Testing rates, STBBI positivity rates, and univariate analysis of predictors for STBBI testing were completed.Results:Of the 1,824 admissions identified, 1,716 were available for linkage to laboratory results. Admissions to detention centers ( n = 105) were excluded. Any STBBI test result was available for 72 (4.5%) of admissions. No admission had complete testing for all STBBI. Facility testing rates ranged from 1.9 to 11.2% and 37.5% of STBBI tests had any positive results. Sixteen out of the 21 (76.2%) hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody positives received HCV RNA testing, and 11/16 (88.8%) were HCV RNA positive. Institution ( p = 0.001) and sex ( p = 0.004) were found to be significant predictors of STBBI testing, while age was not significant ( p = 0.496).Conclusions:STBBI testing rates were low in provincial correctional facilities in NL, and STBBI prevalence, especially for HCV, was high among those tested. Strategies to increase the rate of testing could contribute to STBBI control in corrections facilities.
Population-based study of Morganella-Proteus-Providencia group bloodstream infections
Authors: Laupland Kevin B , Pasquill Kelsey , Steele Lisa , Parfitt Elizabeth C 
Published: September 2023

Background: There is a paucity of studies investigating the population-based epidemiology of Morganella-Proteus-Providencia (MPP) group infections. Our objective was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of MPP group bloodstream infections (BSI), and explore species-specific differences. Methods: Population-based surveillance was conducted in the western interior of British Columbia, Canada, between April 1, 2010 and March 30, 2020. Results: Sixty-two incident MPP group BSI occurred for an annual incidence of 3.4 per 100,000 residents; rates for Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis, and Providencia species were 0.5, 2.6, and 0.3 per 100,000 population, respectively. The median year of age was 72.5 and was different ( p = 0.03) among the groups. Most (92%) MPP group BSIs were of community-onset. Significant differences were observed in the distribution of clinical focus of infection, with most notably 81% of P. mirabilis BSI due to genitourinary focus as compared to 60% and 22% for Providencia species and M. morganii, respectively. Comorbid illnesses that increased the risk for development of MPP group BSI (incidence rate ratio; 95% CI) were HIV infection (37.0; 4.4–139.6), dementia (11.5; 6.1–20.7), cancer (6.4; 3.2–11.9), stroke 6.5 (2.8–13.3), and diabetes 2.7 (1.3–5.0). Thirteen, one, and none of the cases with P. mirabilis, M. morganii, and Providencia species BSI died within 30 days of index culture for respective all cause case-fatalities of 27%, 11%, and 0% ( p = 0.1). Conclusions: Although collectively responsible for a substantial burden of illness, the epidemiology of MPP group BSI varies significantly by species.
Die Rolle der strukturierten Nachbesprechung und des selbstgesteuerten Lernens bei der simulations-basierten Lehre klinischer Fertigkeiten in der Nutztierreproduktionsmedizin
Authors: Schlesinger Samira L. , Heuwieser Wolfgang , Fischer-Tenhagen Carola 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungSelbstgesteuertes Lernen wird mit mehreren Vorteilen bei der simulations-basierten Lehre klinischer Fertigkeiten in Verbindung gebracht und kann durch Feedback in Form einer Nachbesprechung nach der Veranstaltung ergänzt werden. In dieser Studie wurden Studierende der Veterinärmedizin im letzten Studienjahr ( n = 111) in eine von drei Gruppen eingeteilt und übten vier klinische Fertigkeiten aus dem Bereich der Nutztierreproduktionsmedizin in einem Labor für klinische Fertigkeiten (Skills Lab). Gruppe 1 absolvierte eine von einer Dozentin geleiteten Übung ( instructor, I), Gruppe 2 absolvierte eine selbstgesteuerte Übung mit Nachbesprechung ( debriefing, D), und Gruppe 3 absolvierte eine selbstgesteuerte Übung ohne Nachbesprechung (Kontrolle, C). Jede Übung umfasste zwei klinische Fertigkeiten, die als direkt patientenbezogen eingestuft wurden (Patient), und zwei klinische Fertigkeiten, die Labordiagnostik oder den Zusammenbau von Geräten beinhalteten (technisch). Die Studierenden bewerteten die Übungseinheiten anhand von Likert-Skalen. Zwei Tage nach der Übung nahmen 93 Studierende an einer Leistungskontrolle im Format objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) teil. Die Leistungen der Studierenden wurden für jede Lernstation einzeln analysiert. Der Prozentsatz der Studierenden, die die OSCE bestanden, unterschied sich bei keiner Lernstation signifikant zwischen den drei Gruppen. Während der/die Prüfende an einer Lernstation einen Einfluss auf die absoluten OSCE-Ergebnisse (in %) hatte, unterschied sich der Prozentsatz der Studierenden, die die OSCE bestanden, nicht zwischen den Prüfenden. Die Patienten-Lernstationen waren bei den Studierenden beliebter als die technischen Lernstationen, und der Prozentsatz der Studierenden, die die OSCE bestanden, war bei den Studierenden, die gerne an der jeweiligen Station übten, signifikant höher (90.9%) als bei denen, die dies nicht taten (77.8%).This translation was provided by the authors. To view the original article visit: https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme-2021-0060
SISTEM REKOMENDASI PERJALANAN WISATA BERBASIS EXPERT SYSTEM DAN ALGORITMA GENETIKA
Authors: Suputra I Putu Gede Hendra , Putri Luh Arida Ayu Rahning 
Published: September 2023

The development of tourism cannot be separated from the use of E-Tourism technology as a medium for disseminating and promoting tourism information through the media of certain sites. The existence of these sites is still considered static and simple. Site providers are considered not prioritizing responsiveness and interactivity to users. Users need a system that is able to respond and iteratively is able to provide recommendations for the needs of tourists personally. The problem of responsive and interactive concepts on tourist sites has been tried to solve previously through several previous studies. These studies have given good results. However, the implementation of the previous methods is seen as still having weaknesses. For example, it has not been able to meet the personal aspects of the specific tourist needs. considering that each tourist has different characteristics. Seeing these problems, the researchers developed a system that is able to provide a travel recommendation by combining the Genetic algorithm and the Rule Base Expert System (RBES). Users are given a recommended travel route based on the location and time that is suitable by the Genetic algorithm. Furthermore, RBES is tasked with perfecting the results of these recommendations by adjusting them to tourist characteristics. The results of the combination of the two methods show that the improvement of the route and travel time can be improved personally by RBES in accordance with the characteristics of tourists.
Keywords: E-Tourism, Genetika, Rule Base Expert System, Recommendation System
Humanitarian technologies of trust
Authors: Billaud Julie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
What is trust, and how is it established in humanitarian operations? Why do humanitarians consider trust a vital resource in their work? Building on the International Committee of the Red Cross’ response to urban violence and the anthropological literature that conceives trust both as a modern social virtue and a technology of power, I examine the ways in which trust is enacted and practiced in humanitarian settings. While the organisation's legalistic logic has traditionally led to a conceptualisation of trust as the end result of a ‘moral contract’ rooted in the Geneva Conventions and operationalised through ‘confidential dialogue’ and face-to-face interactions, more recent concerns for accountability have surprisingly led to the establishment of technocratic procedures where trustworthiness is achieved through the emptying out of social relations.
Generation Enraged
Authors: Peretz Dekel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
How does the increasing diversification of both the Jewish and general population in Germany influence Jewish self-positioning in German society? It seems that especially young Jews no longer perceive themselves in a binary relationship to the majority society alone, but as part of a heterogeneous, post-migrant society. The journal Jalta – Positionen zur jüdischen Gegenwart [Yalta – Positions on the Jewish Present], published between 2017 and 2020, served as an important mouthpiece for the young generation's rage and desires. This study identifies and expounds upon three sets of relationships within German society that Jalta wishes to redefine: relationships within Jewish communities, relationships between Jews and the majority society, and relationships of Jews to other minorities.