bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tigliane and daphnane diterpenoids from Thymelaeaceae family: chemistry, biological activity, and potential in drug discovery
Authors: Otsuki Kouharu , Li Wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTigliane and daphnane diterpenoids are characteristically distributed in plants of the Thymelaeaceae family as well as the Euphorbiaceae family and are structurally diverse due to the presence of polyoxygenated functionalities in the polycyclic skeleton. These diterpenoids are known as toxic components, while they have been shown to exhibit a wide variety of biological activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-HIV, and analgesic activity, and are attracting attention in the field of natural product drug discovery. This review focuses on naturally occurring tigliane and daphnane diterpenoids from plants of the Thymelaeaceae family and provides an overview of their chemical structure, distribution, isolation, structure determination, chemical synthesis, and biological activities, with a prime focus on the recent findings.
The Luckiest of All Possible Beings: Divine Perfections and Constitutive Luck
Authors: Rusavuk Andre Leo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Many theists conceive of God as a perfect being, i.e., as that than which none greater is metaphysically possible. On this grand view of God, it seems plausible to think that such a supreme and maximally great being would not be subject to luck of any sort. Given the divine perfections, God is completely insulated from luck. However, I argue that the opposite is true: precisely because God is perfect, he is subject to a kind of luck called constitutive luck. In this paper, first I provide an analysis of luck and then explain the concept of constitutive luck. I proceed to defend constitutive luck from charges of incoherence and examine a different approach to make sense of this luck. Furthermore, I distinguish between two kinds of constitutive luck and argue that even if God isn’t subject to one kind, evading the second kind is unsuccessful. I offer two ways that God is constitutively lucky and reach a surprising conclusion: a perfect being is the luckiest of all possible beings.
Large time asymptotics for the fractional modified Korteweg-de Vries equation of order $$\alpha \in \left[ 4,5\right) $$
Authors: Carreño-Bolaños Rafael , Naumkin Pavel I. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe study the large time asymptotics of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the fractional modified Korteweg-de Vries equation $$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{l} \partial _{t}w+\frac{1}{\alpha }\left| \partial _{x}\right| ^{\alpha -1}\partial _{x}w=\partial _{x}\left( w^{3}\right) ,\text { }t>0,\, x\in {\mathbb {R}}\textbf{,}\\ w\left( 0,x\right) =w_{0}\left( x\right) ,\,x\in {\mathbb {R}} \textbf{,} \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}$$

∂
t

w
+

1
α

∂
x

α
-
1

∂
x

w
=

∂
x

w
3

,

t
>
0
,

x
∈
R
,

w

0
,
x

=

w
0

x

,

x
∈
R
,

where $$\alpha \in \left[ 4,5\right) ,$$

α
∈

4
,
5

,

and $$\left| \partial _{x}\right| ^{\alpha }={\mathcal {F}}^{-1}\left| \xi \right| ^{\alpha }{\mathcal {F}}$$

∂
x

α

=

F

-
1

ξ

α

F

is the fractional derivative. The case of $$\alpha =3$$

α
=
3

corresponds to the classical modified KdV equation. In the case of $$\alpha =2$$

α
=
2

it is the modified Benjamin–Ono equation. Our aim is to find the large time asymptotic formulas for the solutions of the Cauchy problem for the fractional modified KdV equation. We develop the method based on the factorization techniques which was started in our previous papers. Also we apply the known results on the $${\textbf{L}}^{2}$$

L

2

—boundedness of pseudodifferential operators.
Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Grundeken Maik J. , Claessen Bimmer E. P. M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose of review
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an overburdened healthcare system. While an increased rate of ACS is expected due to the pro-thrombotic state of COVID patients, observed ACS incidence and admission rates were paradoxically decreased during the (first wave of the) pandemic. In this narrative review, we will discuss potential reasons for this decrease in ACS incidence. Furthermore, we will discuss ACS management during the COVID-19 pandemic, and we will discuss outcomes in ACS.

Recent findings
A reluctance to seek medical contact (in order not to further overburden the health system or due to fear of being infected with COVID-19 while in hospital) and unavailability of medical services seem to be important factors. This may have led to an increased symptom onset to first medical contact time and an increased rate of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. A trend towards less invasive management was observed (less invasive coronary angiography in NSTEMI patients and more “fibrinolysis-first” in STEMI patients), although a large variation was observed with some centers having a relative increase in early invasive management. Patients with ACS and concomitant COVID-19 infection have worse outcomes compared to ACS patients without COVID-19 infection. All of the above led to worse clinical outcomes in patients presenting with ACS during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interestingly, staffing and hospital bed shortages led to experimentation with very early discharge (24 h after primary PCI) in low-risk STEMI patients which had a very good prognosis and resulted in significant shorter hospital duration.

Summary
During the COVID-19 pandemic, ACS incidence and admission rates were decreased, symptom onset to first medical contact time prolonged, and out-of-hospital rates increased. A trend towards less invasive management was observed. Patients presenting with ACS during the COVID-19 pandemic had a worse outcome. On the other hand, experimental very early discharge in low-risk patients may relieve the healthcare system. Such initiatives, and strategies to lower the reluctance of patients with ACS symptoms to seek medical help, are vital to improve prognosis in ACS patients in future pandemics.
Compound from Magnolia officinalis Ameliorates White Matter Injury by Promoting Oligodendrocyte Maturation in Chronic Cerebral Ischemia Models
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Shu Xin , Cao Qian , Xu Lushan , Wang Zibu , Li Chenggang , Xia Shengnan , Shao Pengfei , Bao Xinyu , Sun Liang , Xu Yuhao , Xu Yun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChronic cerebral hypoperfusion leads to white matter injury (WMI), which subsequently causes neurodegeneration and even cognitive impairment. However, due to the lack of treatment specifically for WMI, novel recognized and effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. In this study, we found that honokiol and magnolol, two compounds derived from Magnolia officinalis, significantly facilitated the differentiation of primary oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes, with a more prominent effect of the former compound. Moreover, our results demonstrated that honokiol treatment improved myelin injury, induced mature oligodendrocyte protein expression, attenuated cognitive decline, promoted oligodendrocyte regeneration, and inhibited astrocytic activation in the bilateral carotid artery stenosis model. Mechanistically, honokiol increased the phosphorylation of serine/threonine kinase (Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by activating cannabinoid receptor 1 during OPC differentiation. Collectively, our study indicates that honokiol might serve as a potential treatment for WMI in chronic cerebral ischemia.
Numerical study of turbulent flow in USBR VI stilling basin
Authors: Behnamtalab Ehsan , Maskani Vahidreza , Sarkardeh Hamed 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe USBR VI stilling basin is one of the oldest basins designed to dissipate the energy at the outlet of pipes. In this study, the effect of two parameters including the Froude number (Fr) of inlet flow to the basin and the ratio of basin width to equivalent depth of the inlet flow (W/D) on the characteristics of mean and turbulent flow inside the USBR VI stilling basin were investigated, numerically. Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations were solved with Re-Normalization Group (RNG) k-ε turbulence model. Results showed that by increasing W⁄D, from 3.50 to 9.23, decreasing rate of the average velocity at the end of the basin to the average velocity of the inflow increases from 80 to 97% and decreasing rate of the maximum velocity at the end of the basin to the average velocity of the inflow increases from 40 to 87%. Also, by increasing W⁄D, from 3.50 to 9.23, the average turbulent dissipation rate in the whole basin increases to 4.5 times, moderately. Moreover, by increasing W⁄D, from 3.50 to 9.23, the dissipation of turbulent flow energy in the basin becomes four times. Therefore, to design a USBR VI stilling basin based on the existing conditions, W⁄D recommended to increase as much as possible until nearly 10.
Bamboo Winding Composite Utility Tunnels: a case study on mechanical behavior with WSN monitoring and numerical simulation
Authors: Wang Hengdong , Wang Jiawei , Xie Xin , Wang Fei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBamboo Winding Composite Pipes (BWCPs) have many advantages such as good mechanical properties, low cost, low carbon, environmental friendliness, thermal insulation and easy installation et al. At present, BWCP is widely used in urban water supply, drainage, communication cable protection, farmland irrigation etc. It is obvious that the Bamboo Winding Composite materials have good application prospects in the field of utility tunnels. However, considering that the size of utility tunnels is much larger than that of normal pipelines, the wide application of Bamboo Composite Utility Tunnels (BCUTs) is still a challenge. In this paper, the force performance of BCUT in Datong Shanxi Province, was studied using two methods: real time monitoring and numerical simulation. Wireless sensor networks were used for monitoring, and the real time monitoring data of horizontal convergence and strains under the condition of backfill were obtained. The monitoring data indicated that the horizontal convergence can meet the requirement of relevant technical standards. A three-dimensional numerical model of the utility tunnel was established using FEM software. The influence of soil parameters on the deformation and strain of the BCUT was studied using the numerical method. The simulation results were compared with real-time monitoring data. The soil parameters K0 and ksh have significant effects on the deformation, stress and strain of the utility tunnel. This kind of utility tunnel is recommended to use in areas with relatively good geological conditions.
Experimental wind-tunnel study of the dynamics of inverted foils for energy harvesting
Authors: Flores Salinas M. , Botez R.M. , Tavallaeinejad M. , Païdoussis M.P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper describes the methodology used to analyse oscillations of foils of a wide range of aspect ratios, 0.5 ≤ AR ≤ 4, and Reynolds numbers, 104 ≤ Re ≤ 105, for energy harvesting purposes. The foils were fixed at their trailing edge, and their dynamical behaviour was captured as the wind speed was varied. The foil response was then analysed as a function of velocity, Reynolds number, oscillation amplitude and frequency. Additionally, the forces and moments acting on the foils were measured, utilising an aerodynamic scale, designed and built in-house. An empirical power generation equation was derived to determine the foil characteristics for maximum energy harvesting production. The results show that a flexible foil with AR = 3 with oscillations in the large-amplitude regime is the most effective for energy harvesting.
No arbitrage and multiplicative special semimartingales
Authors: Platen Eckhard , Tappe Stefan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConsider a financial market with nonnegative semimartingales which does not need to have a numéraire. We are interested in the absence of arbitrage in the sense that no self-financing portfolio gives rise to arbitrage opportunities, where we are allowed to add a savings account to the market. We will prove that in this sense the market is free of arbitrage if and only if there exists an equivalent local martingale deflator which is a multiplicative special semimartingale. In this case, the additional savings account relates to the finite-variation part of the multiplicative decomposition of the deflator.
Barriers and Enablers to Using an Emergency Operations Center in Public Health Emergency Management: A Scoping Review
Authors: Allen Tammy , Spencer Rosalie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to review the role of public health emergency operations centers in recent public health emergencies and to identify the barriers and enablers influencing the effective use of a public health emergency operations center (PHEOC) in public health emergency management.

Methods:
A systematic search was conducted in 5 databases and selected grey literature websites.

Results:
Forty-two articles, consisting of 28 peer-reviewed studies and 14 grey literature sources matched the inclusion criteria. Results suggest that PHEOCs are used to prepare and respond to a range of public health emergencies, including coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Factors found to influence the use of a PHEOC include the adoption of an incident management system, internal and external communications, data management, workforce capacity, and physical infrastructure.

Conclusions:
PHEOCs play an important role in public health emergency management. This review identified several barriers and enablers to using a PHEOC in public health emergency management. Future research should focus on addressing the barriers to using a PHEOC and looking at ways to evaluate the impact of using a PHEOC on public health emergency outcomes.
In Defense of Evidential Minimalism: Varieties of Criticizability
Authors: Hofmann Frank 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper will critically engage with Daniel Buckley's argument against “evidential minimalism” (EM), i.e., the claim that necessarily, bits of evidence (are or) provide epistemic reasons for belief. Buckley argues that in some cases, a subject has strong evidence that p (and fulfills further minimal conditions), does not believe p, but nevertheless is not epistemically criticizable and has no epistemic reason to believe p. I will defend EM by pointing out that Buckley's argument trades on an ambiguity between a strong and a weak notion of criticizability.
Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Dem. Rep. Congo v. Uganda) (Reparations Judgment) (I.C.J.)
Authors: Ventura Manuel J. 
Published: June 2023

On February 9, 2022, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) handed down its reparations judgment in the Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda) case. This followed from its December 19, 2005 merits judgment, which found that Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) had violated international law vis-à-vis each other and were obliged to make reparations to each other. The ICJ ultimately held that, over five annual instalments of US$65 million from September 1, 2022 until September 1, 2026, Uganda was to pay the DRC a total of US$325 million for damage to persons, damage to property, and damage related to natural resources.
TOWARDS A RADIOCARBON-BASED CHRONOLOGY OF URBAN NORTHERN MESOPOTAMIA IN THE EARLY TO MID-SECOND MILLENNIUM BC: INITIAL RESULTS FROM KURD QABURSTAN
Authors: Webster Lyndelle C , Smith Alexia , Dee Michael W , Hajdas Irka , Schwartz Glenn M 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTRadiocarbon (14C) data for 2nd millennium BC urban sites in northern Mesopotamia have been lacking until recently. This article presents a preliminary dataset and Bayesian model addressing the Middle and early Late Bronze Age (Old Babylonian and pre/early Mittani) strata of Kurd Qaburstan—one of the largest archaeological sites on the Erbil plain of Iraqi Kurdistan. The results place the large, densely occupied and fortified Middle Bronze Age city in the first part of the 18th century BC, an outcome consistent with the site’s tentative identification as ancient Qabra. A long occupation gap (up to two centuries) probably ensued, before a smaller town confined to the high mound and part of the northeastern lower town resumed in the late 16th and early 15th centuries BC, possibly before this region became part of the Late Bronze Age kingdom of Mittani.
THE ILLEGALITY DEFENCE AND SANCTION-SHIFTING: IN DEFENCE OF GRAY V THAMES TRAIN LTD
Authors: Sin Ivan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article considers the rule that a claimant who has been wronged will be denied recovery where the damage flowed from a sanction imposed as a result of their own illegal acts such that compensating the claimant would divert a sanction intended to be imposed on the claimant to the defendant. The article has two purposes. The first aim is to provide a counterweight to the overwhelming body of academic literature critical of Gray v Thames Trains Ltd. in which the House of Lords, in applying the illegality bar found it unnecessary to examine the purpose of the criminal sanction against the claimant, preferring to treat its existence as sufficient to lead to a denial of recovery. The article argues that academic support for adoption of an alternative test of “significant personal responsibility” rests on precarious grounds, depending, as it does, on the “unsatisfactory state of law” and “different policies” arguments. This article reconceptualises the rule in Gray and systematically examines the role played by the theme of consistency between the civil law and criminal law in judicial decision-making. The second aim is to evaluate Gray in light of Patel v Mirza. The article critiques the Supreme Court's inconsistent treatment of deterrence in Henderson v Dorset University NHS Foundation Trust and Stoffel v Grondona, and argues that the way the court in Henderson conceptualised the relationship between Gray and Patel discloses an approach which is more closely aligned with that adopted by the minority in Patel.
Enhancing the Right to Health in Nigeria through Judicial Intervention
Authors: Mike Jennifer Heaven 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHuman rights are best protected when they enjoy the binding enforceability of the law. Recognizing the binding status of human rights in national constitutions and legal systems is central to demanding accountability, compelling actions and sanctioning violations. Conferring human rights with legal recognition also empowers people and provides the option of pursuing remedies. Furthermore, the duty of the state to protect and respect human rights is triggered when they receive prescription under the law. In Nigeria, however, certain rights pertaining to economic, social and cultural rights do not receive the binding force of constitutional law. This article argues that the judiciary can act as an alternative and complementary recourse to advance and secure the commitment to the right to health. Drawing on a comparative perspective from countries where the judiciary has proactively upheld this right, it maintains that the Nigerian judiciary can take action to enhance the legal and judicial implementation of the right to health.
Judges Guarding Judges: Investigating Regional Harbours for Judicial Independence in Africa
Authors: Adjolohoun Sègnonna Horace 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA body of jurisprudence is emerging in Africa's most active regional courts on the independence of national judiciaries. This article reveals that while regional case law relevantly echoes efforts by municipal courts to safeguard themselves, circumstances demonstrate that such case law requires greater contextualization across systems. In this regard, the traditional paradigm of linking independence to executive appointments does not empirically stand the test of the multiplicity of independence factors, executive-free regimes have not proved effective in safeguarding independence, and legal traditions or judicial systems have increasingly become irrelevant to the effectiveness of any independence regime. Factors that transcend the traditional determinants of executive control include the nature and functions of the court involved, and the history and background of the judicial structure of the country or region. Notably, the discussion also reveals the need to strike a critical balance between individual rights to a fair trial and inter-state directive policy towards judicial independence as set out in the African Charter.
Relation analysis of ship speed & environmental conditions: Can historic AIS data form a baseline for autonomous determination of safe speed?
Authors: Dreyer Leif Ole 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs no internationally agreed-upon method for determining safe speed values currently exists, collecting vast amounts of information on conventional ship behaviour could be used to train autonomous ship intelligence in determining safe speeds in different conditions. This requires speed data collected from conventional ships to resemble what can be described as safe speeds. To test this, the Automatic Identification System (AIS) and environmental data – namely visibility, mean wind speed and significant wave height – were collected and merged for two study areas in Norway in the period between 27 March 2014 and 1 January 2021. Regression analyses based on 47,490 unique vessel transits were conducted and supplemented by two graphical methods for revealing relationships between variables. Contrary to the contemporary understanding of safe speed, reduced visibility did not lead to significantly reduced transit speeds. Wind and waves caused a reduction in speed in the open ocean, but not in coastal waters. Transit speeds were lower in coastal waters than in the open ocean.
A coherence framework for fact-finding before the International Court of Justice
Authors: Devaney James Gerard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt is the task of the International Court of Justice to establish the operative facts from which to draw normative conclusions in all contentious cases that come before it. This task, however, is complicated where those facts necessitate engagement with specialized epistemic fields other than law such as science. Drawing on legal theory and epistemology I propose a coherence framework for the establishment of the facts in such cases. In essence, this means that the Court need not show that its factual determinations have been established beyond all doubt, nor even that they satisfy a certain standard of probability. Rather, what the Court must show is that a factual determination it has made has been arrived at through a rational process and that it is coherent. The coherence framework also has both descriptive and normative value as it both maps neatly on to the current (best) practice of the Court and provides a justification for why it should operate this way in the future.