bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Evaluation of Global Precipitation Products and Their Accuracy in Drought Detection in Mainland China
Authors: Zhang Huihui , Loaiciga Hugo A. , Du Qingyun , Sauter Tobias 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Thorough evaluations of satellite precipitation products are necessary for accurately detecting meteorological drought. A comprehensive assessment of 15 state-of-the-art precipitation products (i.e., IMERG_cal, IMERG_uncal, GSMaP-G, CPC-Global, TRMM3B42, CMORPH-CRT, PERSIANN-CDR, PERSIANN, PERSIANN-CCS, SM2RAIN, CHIRPS, ERA5, ERA-Interim, MERRA-2, and GLDAS) is herein conducted for the period 2010–19 giving special attention to their performance in detecting meteorological drought over mainland China at 0.25° spatial resolution. The cited precipitation products are compared against China’s gridded gauge-based Daily Precipitation Analysis (CGDPA) product, derived from 2400 meteorological stations, and their quality is assessed at daily, seasonal, and annual precipitation time scales. Meteorological droughts in the datasets are determined by calculating the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The performance of the precipitation products for drought detection with respect to the SPEI is assessed at three time scales (1, 3, and 12 months). The results show that the GSMaP-G outperforms other satellite-based datasets in drought detection and precipitation estimation. The MERRA-2 and the ERA5 are on average closer to the CGDPA reference data than other reanalysis products for precipitation estimation and drought detection. These products capture well the spatial and temporal pattern of the SPEI in southern and eastern China having a probability of detection (POD) above 0.6 and a correlation coefficient (CC) above 0.65. CPC-Global, IMERG, and the ERA5 reanalysis product are ideal candidates for application in western China, especially in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and the Xinjiang Province. Generally, the accuracy of precipitation products for drought detection is improved with longer time scales of the SPEI (i.e., SPEI-12). This study contributes to drought-hazard detection and hydrometeorological applications of satellite precipitation products.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the quality of 15 global satellite-based, gauge-based, and reanalysis precipitation products for meteorological drought detection at 1-, 3-, and 12-month time scales. This work systematically evaluates these products’ capacity to capture precipitation occurrence and intensity in different seasons. This is followed by a comparison of the precipitation products’ performance in drought detection. This work’s findings and evaluation results will improve the ability of those who develop precipitation products in identifying error sources and further improving retrieval algorithms. This paper’s results will serve as a valuable reference for end users seeking to better understand the application of precipitation products to drought detection.
The impact of COVID-19 on acute psychiatric admissions for first and repeated episode psychosis
Authors: Kelbrick Marlene , da Silva Ksenija , Griffiths Chris , Ansari Saba , Paduret Gabriela , Tanner James , Mann Nick , Johnson Sara 
Published: August 2023

Background: There is limited evidence of the longer-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on acute admissions for psychosis in the UK. Aims: We examined the impact of COVID-19 on rates of admissions for first and repeated episode psychosis, and changes in patient profile and seasonal patterns, over a period of 12 months. Method: We conducted a retrospective case note review of all patients admitted with a primary psychosis (F20-29 ICD 10 diagnosis) to an NHS psychiatric inpatient unit. We compared the 12 months pre-COVID-19 period between 1 March 2019 and 28 February 2020, and the 12 months post-COVID-19 period between 1 March 2020 and 28 February 2021. Results: The results showed increase rates of admissions post-COVID-19 in both first and repeated episode psychosis, the patient profile had more females and older age in the repeated episode group, with increased employment rates. Combined group data for both pre- and post-COVID-19 periods showed an increased trend in spring and summer admissions, and even though not statistically significant, more pronounced post-COVID-19. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on acute psychosis admissions over a 12-month period. The results provide evidence for the ‘stress-pathogenesis’ in the context of genetic vulnerability in psychosis. Preventative strategies in the context of the ‘stress-pathogenesis model’, improved access to and responsiveness within NHS transformation efforts needs to be adjusted to fit local need and environmental changes.
Late adverse events to iodinated contrast media in patients treated with IL-2: a safety report from the Danish Renal Carcinoma Group (DaRenCa) study – 1
Authors: Drljevic-Nielsen Aska , Skou Nikolaj , Mains Jill R , Pedersen Erik M , Rasmussen Finn , Donskov Frede 
Published: August 2023

Background A higher incidence of late adverse events (LAEs) to iodinated contrast media in interleukin-2 (IL-2)-treated patients has been reported. Purpose To assess the incidence of LAEs after administration of iodinated contrast media in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with IL-2. Material and Methods Patients were randomized to treatment with IL-2 and interferon-α with/without bevacizumab in the Danish Renal Carcinoma Group study – 1. Patients underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan at baseline, at one month, at three months, and every third month until RECIST 1.1 defined progression. LAEs due to iodinated contrast media were systematically registered according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events classification. Results In total, 89 patients were included and underwent a total of 507 contrast-enhanced CT scans. An overall incidence of 46 (9.1%) LAEs was observed in 38 of 89 (42.7%) patients; 3 LAEs at baseline (3.4% of all baseline scans), 39 (13.9%) LAEs during IL-2-based therapies, and 4 (2.9%) LAEs after termination of IL-based therapies. There was no difference in progression-free survival, overall survival, and treatment response in patients experiencing LAEs compared to patients without LAEs ( P = 0.2, P = 0.5, and P = 0.6, respectively). Conclusion Patients with mRCC demonstrated a higher incidence of LAEs after administration of iodinated contrast during ongoing IL-2 therapy, indicating that iodinated contrast media may cause a recall phenomenon of IL-2 toxicities in patients with mRCC. Treatment with IL-2 should not be a contraindication for contrast-enhanced scans in patients with mRCC but expertise and vigilance are required.
Association between Modic changes and intervertebral vacuum phenomenon severity in patients undergoing percutaneous cement discoplasty
Authors: Camino-Willhuber Gaston , Kido Gonzalo , Vildoza Santiago , Martinez Ezequiel , Tani Soji , Petracchi Matias , Gruenberg Marcelo , Sola Carlos , Bendersky Mariana 
Published: August 2023

Background Modic changes and intervertebral vacuum phenomenon (IVP) are considered spinal degenerative changes. The correlation between Modic and IVP has not been analyzed in the literature. Purpose To analyze the correlation between IVP severity, Modic changes, and subchondral sclerosis across the lumbar spine in patients with lumbar degeneration. Material and Methods This is a retrospective study analyzing patients who underwent percutaneous cement discoplasty at a single institution between 2015 and 2020. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans were analyzed to make the measurements. Modic type and grade as well as severity of IVP were preoperatively measured. The association between Modic type, grade, subchondral sclerosis, and the presence of IVP was analyzed. Results In total, 110 patients (mean age = 77.03 ± 7.1 years) were finally included in the study. Per level correlation analysis showed a significant positive association between IVP and Modic type, IVP and Modic grade, and IVP and subchondral sclerosis. Moreover, subchondral sclerosis was significantly associated with Modic type and grade. Conclusion Our study showed a significant positive correlation among Modic changes, IVP, and subchondral sclerosis throughout the lumbar spine. Our findings support the theory that endplate degeneration parameters are associated with the presence and severity of IVP.
High level of HIV viral suppression in a cross-sectional study of Ugandan men with urethritis and bacterial STI
Authors: Beck Evan J , Laeyendecker Oliver , Saraf Sharada , Ashokkumar Swetha , Onzia Annet , Melendez Johan H , Chan Justin , Kyambadde Peter , Gough Ethan , Parkes-Ratanshi Rosalind , Manabe Yukari C , Hamill Matthew M 
Published: August 2023

Background Urethritis associated with non-viral sexually transmitted infections (STI) increases the risk of HIV acquisition and transmission in those living with HIV (LWH) without viral load suppression (VLS). Compared to women, men typically have lower rates of HIV VLS. We assessed the prevalence of VLS and drug resistance mutations in men LWH and urethral discharge syndrome (UDS) in Kampala, Uganda. Methods Men with UDS were recruited in Kampala October 2019-November 2020. Medical, demographic, and behavioural data were collected with biological samples. All reactive HIV results (rapid, sequential algorithm) underwent confirmatory HIV antibody- and HIV incidence-testing, and viral load (VL) measurement. The pol and gp41 regions were sequenced on samples with VLs >1000 cpm, phylogenetic trees were generated, and resistance mutations were investigated. Results 50 of 250 participants (20%) had reactive HIV rapid tests and 48/50 (96%) were aware of their HIV status and using antiretroviral therapy (ART). The median age was 38 years (IQR 32-45), 27/50 (54%) had engaged in transactional sex, and 30/50 (60%) reported alcohol before sex. VLS was present in 46/50 (92%). There were no major resistance mutations present in any samples analyzed. Conclusions The prevalence of HIV and VLS was greater in these men than in the general Ugandan adult population. Most men LWH were on ART and thus less likely to transmit HIV despite demonstrating sexual behaviours associated with high-risk of STIs. These data emphasize that high levels of ART coverage and VLS are achievable among men with UDS in urban Kampala.
Red Flags for Early Referral for Infant Mental Health: Content Validation of a Tool
Authors: Narayan Shweta , Kishore M Thomas , Seshadri Shekhar P , Thippeswamy Harish 
Published: August 2023

Background: There is growing evidence about the psychological distress and mental health issues experienced by infants with developmental problems. Problems related to developmental issues can be mitigated with early identification and intervention. A simple screening measure is needed to identify infants at risk for mental health issues to make informed decisions about further assessment and interventions. In this background, the present study aimed to develop a checklist to identify infants with psychological distress and at risk for mental health issues without the need to administer full-scale socioemotional tools and intended to be used by primary care professionals for early identification of risk factors followed by intervention to reduce the risk. Early identification of infants at risk in view of the limited resources would help in reducing the impact of early trajectories on the socioemotional health of any infant. Aim: The present study aims to develop a checklist for rapid screening. In view of the limited resources of low-income countries, early identification of infants at risk is important. This would help in reducing the impact of early trajectories on the socioemotional health of infants. Methods: The checklist was based on the “functional and emotional developmental approach” and a literature review of early indicators of psychological distress and mental health issues in infants. The checklist was prepared using objective terms which were further evaluated by mental health experts using standard methods. Accordingly, a content validity index (CVI) was calculated to determine the relevance and clarity of the items. Result: Based on the CVI, 16 items were retained in the final checklist, which was reported to have excellent relevance (CVI = 0.91) and clarity (CVI = 0.84). Conclusion: The checklist is concise with adequate content validity and has the potential to be used in primary care settings to screen infants at risk for psychological distress and mental health issues and make appropriate referrals.
Risk Assessment of Sleep Disordered Breathing in Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Fisher Alec H. , Stanisce Luke , Nelson Zach J. , Cohen Marilyn A. , Matthews Martha S. 
Published: August 2023

Objective Children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) are at increased risk for Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB), particularly Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). At our institution, routine screening for SDB is performed using the Chevrin Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). This analysis is a practice audit looking at the outcomes of screening children with CL/P. Design/Setting/Patients/Participants A single-center, retrospective analysis was done of all non-syndromic patients with CL/P over the age of 36 months over a 4-year period. Children with known OSA were eliminated from analysis. Main Outcome Measures Univariate logistic regression was used to assess predictors for SDB (PSQ score > 8) amongst various patient, disease, and treatment characteristics. Outcomes of those screened were tracked. Results Of the 239 patients in the study cohort, 43 (18%) had positive PSQs. These subjects were more likely to have class III dental occlusion with maxillary retrusion (OR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.2–5.8, p = 0.02). There were no differences amongst age, type of cleft, Veau classification, BMI, or history of pharyngeal surgery. One third of the group did not complete recommended testing. Twenty-five subjects with positive sleep screening underwent subsequent polysomnography and 21 (84%) had OSA. Conclusion Routine screening reveals a significant proportion of patients with CL/P with symptoms suggestive of OSA. While several patients did not complete confirmatory testing, those who completed a PSG had a high rate of identification of OSA. After excluding children with known OSA, patients with SDB are also likely to have class III dental occlusion and maxillary retrusion.
Neonatal iatrogenic calcinosis cutis caused by calcium gluconate extravasation
Authors: Pu Changsheng , Li Junqiu , Wang Menglei , Xie Yan , Su Yuxi 
Published: August 2023

Background: Calcium gluconate is widely used to treat neonatal hypocalcemia, severe hyperkalemia, and convulsions. However, extravasation of calcium gluconate can lead to iatrogenic calcinosis, causing symptoms such as local redness and swelling, cutaneous plaque, soft tissue calcification, and cutaneous tissue necrosis. Therefore, this study retrospectively analyzed the conservative treatment results of neonatal iatrogenic calcinosis. Methods: Data of neonates diagnosed with iatrogenic calcinosis cutis caused by calcium gluconate exudation between December 2012 and June 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical data included medical history, physical examination, laboratory findings, and radiographs. All the patients were conservatively treated, and the curative effect and prognosis were followed up by evaluating radiographs and limb function. Patients with complications, such as recurrence or limb dysfunction, were further followed up. Results: Overall, 16 neonates (sex: 10 male and 6 female infants; age: 17.5 ± 7.8 days) were included. Iatrogenic calcinosis cutis was located around the left wrist, right wrist, left ankle, and right ankle in four, one, six, and five patients, respectively. Calcification healed within 1–3 months (mean: 1.6 ± 0.6 months). After a follow-up of 0.5–8.5 years (mean: 3.5 ± 2.8 years), the appearance, joint function, local growth, and development of the lesion of the neonates with iatrogenic calcinosis cutis were consistent with those of the healthy ones. Conclusion: For neonatal iatrogenic calcinosis cutis without cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue necrosis, symptomatic support treatment is effective and does not affect the limbs’ appearance and function. Level of evidence: IV.
Impact of cilostazol on prevention of late failure of autologous vein grafts
Authors: Mii Shinsuke , Guntani Atsushi , Kuma Sosei , Ishida Masaru , Yamashita Sho , Tanaka Kiyoshi , Okazaki Jin 
Published: August 2023

Objectives The effectiveness of postoperative medication for the prevention of late graft failure is controversial. We conducted the present study to investigate whether cilostazol improved the mid-term outcomes after infrainguinal autologous vein bypass for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). Methods From April 1994 to March 2022, we performed 590 de novo infrainguinal bypass procedures using autologous vein grafts (AVGs) in three hospitals. The bypass grafts were classified according to the postoperative prescription of cilostazol. The loss of graft patency and major adverse limb events (MALEs) were set as endpoints. Patients who died within 30 days and grafts that lost primary patency within 30 days after surgery were excluded. Data up to 3 years were analyzed. The cumulative primary patency (PP), assisted primary patency (AP), secondary patency (SP), and freedom from MALE (ffMALE) rates were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method and compared between the cilostazol group and the non-cilostazol group. After a propensity score matching, same statistical analyses were performed. In addition, a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis that included preoperative factors, intraoperative factors, and postoperative medications was performed to identify whether cilostazol is an independent predictor for the outcomes. Results A total of 523 AVGs met inclusion criteria. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that the cilostazol group was superior to the non-cilostazol group in all outcomes, while the cilostazol group was superior to the non-cilostazol group in AP and SP after a propensity score matching. A multivariable analysis showed that non-use of cilostazol was identified as an independent predictor for loss of AP, SP, and ffMALE. Conclusions Cilostazol improved the mid-term outcomes after infrainguinal autologous vein bypass.
Increased anti-thrombotic therapy is associated with decreased major adverse limb events in patients with low wound and foot infection scores
Authors: Png Chien Yi Maximilian , Beardsley Jenna G. , Khoury Mitri K. , Lee Sujin , Morrow Katherine L. , Bellomo Tiffany R. , Srivastava Sunita D. , Dua Anahita 
Published: August 2023

Introduction The optimal anti-thrombotic management of patients after lower extremity bypass has yet to be fully elucidated, in part due to significant heterogeneity in patient presentation and practice patterns. The Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) score is a validated scoring system to assist in the management of patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI). We hypothesized that performing a restriction analysis based on WIFI scores would assist in the postoperative anti-thrombotic management of patients undergoing infrainguinal bypass. Methods A retrospective cohort of infrainguinal bypass procedures completed at a single hospital system between January 2018 and January 2021 was selected, and preoperative WIfI scores were extracted for each patient. Patients with either Wound scores of 2 and 3, or Ischemia Scores of 0 and 1, or Foot Infection Scores of 3 were excluded. Based on the type of anti-thrombotic regimen on discharge, demographics, comorbidities, type of bypass, 30-day rates of graft occlusion, major amputation, mortality, and major adverse limb events (MALE) were analyzed. Statistical analysis included t-tests, chi square tests, and time-to-event survival analysis. Results 230 procedures were included in the study. 69 (30.0%) patients were discharged on single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT), compared to 161 (70.0%) who were discharged on either dual antiplatelet therapy or anticoagulation (DAPT/AC). There was a higher prevalence of bypasses using prosthetic conduit in the DAPT/AC group (45.9 vs 31.8%, p = .047); no other demographic or procedural variable analyzed had any significant differences. At 30-days postoperatively, there was no significant difference in postoperative reintervention rates, however, the DAPT/AC group had significantly lower rates of mortality (1.2 vs 7.2%, p = .01), major amputation (1.2% vs 5.8%, p = .04), and MALE (3.7 vs 13.0%, p < .01). There were no significant differences in bleeding complications. Survival analysis demonstrated that MALE-free survival was higher in the DAPT/AC group compared to the SAPT group ( p < .01). On Cox regression analysis, DAPT/AC was associated with significantly decreased rates of MALE + mortality (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.20 [0.06 – 0.66]). Conclusion Lower extremity bypasses patients with low Wound and low foot Infection scores who are discharged on DAPT/AC postoperatively have a significantly higher 30-day MALE-free survival rate compared to patients discharged on SAPT; consideration could be made to preferentially discharge such post-bypass patients on DAPT/AC.
Reducing Dietary Acid With Fruit and Vegetables Versus Oral Alkali in People With Chronic Kidney Disease (ReDACKD): A Clinical Research Protocol
Authors: Mollard Rebecca , Cachero Katrina , Luhovyy Bohdan , Martin Heather , Moisiuk Sharon , Mahboobi Sepideh , Balshaw Robert , Collister David , Cahill Leah , Tennankore Karthik K. , Tangri Navdeep , MacKay Dylan 
Published: August 2023

Background: Individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) can develop metabolic acidosis which, in turn, is associated with faster progression of CKD and an increased need for dialysis. Oral sodium bicarbonate (the current standard of care therapy for metabolic acidosis) is poorly tolerated leading to low adherence. Base-producing or alkalizing Fruit and vegetables have potential as an alternative treatment for metabolic acidosis as they have been shown to reduce acid load arising from the diet. Objective: This trial will evaluate the feasibility of providing base-producing fruit and vegetables as a dietary treatment for metabolic acidosis, compared with oral sodium bicarbonate. Design: A 2-arm, open-label, dual-center, randomized controlled feasibility trial. Setting: Two Canadian sites: a nephrology clinic in Winnipeg, Manitoba, and a nephrology clinic in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Participants: Adult participants with G3-G5 CKD and metabolic acidosis. Measurements: Participants will undergo baseline measurements and attend 5 study visits over 12 months at which they will have a measurement of feasibility criteria as well as blood pressure, blood and urine biochemistry, 5-repetition chair stand test (STS5), and questionnaires to assess quality of life and symptoms. Furthermore, participants fill out Automated Self-Administered 24-hour recalls (ASA-24) in the beginning, middle, and end of trial. Methods: A total of 40 eligible participants will be randomized 1:1 to either base-producing fruit and vegetables (experimental) group or sodium bicarbonate (control) group, beginning from a daily dose of 1500 mg. Limitations: Using self-administered dietary assessments, lack of supervision over the consumption of study treatments and the possible disappointment of the control group for not receiving fruit and vegetables would be considered as limitations for this study. However, we are planning to undertake proper practices to overcome the possible limitations. These practices are discussed throughout the article in detail. Conclusions: This study will generate data on base-producing fruit and vegetables consumption as a dietary treatment for metabolic acidosis in CKD. The data will be used to design a future multi-center trial looking at slowing CKD progression in people with metabolic acidosis. Trial Registration: This study is registered on clinicaltrials.gov with the identifier NCT05113641.