bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Frac-Plug Milling and Flowback Efficiency Through Multiphase Metering Application in Deep and Tight Carbonate Horizontal Gas Wells
Authors: Hashim Qassim I. , Ajmi Fahad M. , Sarac Sukru 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMulti-stage frac completions are frequently used to increase well productivity and meet the ever-growing energy demand. Commonly, each stage is isolated with a plug and these plugs need to be milled when the well is ready to be flowed back. Milling and flowback operations require extreme vigilance and close monitoring. This paper explains the use of a multiphase flowmeter to optimize milling and flowback operations and save water in deep, tight carbonate horizontal gas wells.Frac plug milling operations are best performed in balanced well conditions. Underbalance conditions cause unwanted gas flow with solids at surface, which will cause equipment damage, if not maanged well. Overbalance conditions result in excessive precious underground water loss and hinder wellbore clean-out. A multiphase flow meter was used at the wellhead to monitor fluid return rate during milling. By integrating coiled tubing pump rate, depth and pressure measurements with the multiphase meter readings, downhole well conditions were assessed and the milling parameters were optimized. Additinoally, flowback conditions were also measured and analyzed in real-time to optimize choke strategy to maximize water recovery and minimize flowback duration.Multiphase meters were used during milling and flowback operations for several horizontal gas wells with multistage frac completions. During milling, both water and Nitrogen were pumped into the wellbore to lighten the hydrostatic head and avoid fluid losses while circulating for wellbore clean-out. The operation efficiency was assessed based on the return rate of individual fluids at surface. Fluid losses into the formation and reservoir influx were quantified. The multiphase meter measurements allowed the operators to adjust choke size and wellhead pressure to maintain balanced conditions, and control the water-nitrogen pump rates.Accurately measuring oil, water and gas flow rates with high resolution also helped with determining the choke bean-up strategy to maximize frac fluid recovery for increased fracture conductivity, while minimizing the flowback duration. Monitoring the ratios of produced fluid rates helped evaluate the wellbore clean-up performance and take necessary action to increase clean-up efficiency. Changing well productivity over time was also quantified in real-time, which allowed to optimize the flowback end time with maximum achievable well productivity, without waiting to recover all the frac fluid. The data helped quantify the wellbore productivity with respect to the frac fluid recovery.The practices explained in this paper can improve frac plug milling and flowback operations. By closely monitoring surface returns through the multiphase meter, it will preserve valuable underground water resources, maximize fracture conductivity and wellbore productivity especially in sub-hydrostatic reservoirs, which are challenging to mill.
Dual Diversion System for HT Acid Fracturing Treatments
Authors: Alfakher Basil , Al Moajil Abdullah , Alhamad Luai , Aldarweesh Sajjad 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAcid fracturing is a common stimulation technique used on low permeability carbonate reservoirs to enhance the productivity and deliverability of hydrocarbons. The success of acid fracturing treatments ultimately depends on the created fracture geometry, complexity and surface area. To maximize these parameters, it is imperative to include a fluid diversion strategy in the treatment design. The use of high viscosity fluids and solid particles is well addressed in the literature as effective diversion methodologies. In this study, the benefits of a dual diversion system composed of solid polymer-based particulate diverters suspended in a viscoelastic surfactant (VES) fluid were investigated for high temperature acid fracturing.The degradation profile of the solid particulates was examined for different temperatures (ranging from 250 to 300°F) in different fluid systems (15 wt% HCl, spent HCl and KCl brine). The selection of fluids was also made to ensure the compatibility of the resulting diverter monomer solution with expected formation fluids. The viscosity of the VES system was examined at 275°F to ensure its thermal stability. The bridging capability of the dual diverter system was assessed using a filter press apparatus with a slotted metallic disk by measuring fluid leak-off as a function of time.Results showed degradation rates increased with increasing temperature where a soaking time of 4 hours at 300°F was enough to fully degrade the solid particles as opposed to only 8% weight loss at 250°F for the same soaking time. Results also indicated faster degradation in more acidic environments where almost full degradation was observed in 15 wt% HCl at 250°F and 4 hours soaking time. The VES fluid system maintained sufficient viscosity for solid diverter carry with approximately 94 cP at 275°F and 100 s-1 shear rate. Bridging tests indicated the capability of the dual diverter system to completely plug the slots on the metallic disks and stopping any fluid leak-off up to 800 psi in a filter press apparatus.This paper presents a full methodical study of an innovative dual diversion system for application in high temperature acid fracturing treatments. The paper also presents design optimization considerations in order to achieve successful diversion without causing any permanent formation damage.
Organic Solid Blocking Mechanism and Unblocking Technology for Ultra-Deep and High Pressure Oil Wells from Tarim Basin
Authors: Xu Haixia , Wang Shi , Cheng Chunjie , Li Qiang , Liu Yishi , Qi Jun , Wu Junyi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the Tarim Basin, the wellbore blockage problem of HTHP oil wells was very severe, especially in Fuman, Donghe 1 and Yudong 7 oil fields. The total number of blocked Wells is 95, Over 24% oil wells have organic solid phase plugging problem. More than 64% of the Wells in Donghe 1 oilfield were blocked, resulting in difficulties in testing, wellbore blockage and surface pipeline burst, affecting annual production of 8,500 tons.In this paper, a fast analysis method of blockage was established, and an organic solid phase deposition test device was innovated. The law of solid phase blocking under different reservoir conditions, development modes and crude oil properties was systematically analyzed. The dynamic prediction model of organic solid phase blocking was established to realize the visualization prediction of blocking position, and the unblocking measures technology of organic solid phase blocking was formed to comprehensively solve the organic solid phase blocking problem in oil Wells.It was shown that the blockages in the Fuman carbonate reservoirs were dominated by wax-asphalt organic compound and sand burial, and t he gas injection development in Donghe 1 Oilfield is dominated by asphalt deposition, while that in Yudong 7 Oilfield is dominated by asphalt and wax plugging. Gas injection extraction, crude oil composition change, pressure drop and sand production are the main factors of solid phase blockage, and organic solid phase blockage exists in "wellbore + reservoir near the wellbore "; The dynamic prediction model of composite plug deposition is established to realize the "visualization"of plug location and degree, and the prediction accuracy is ≥ 80 %. The efficient unblocking agent have been developed based on the understanding of the blockage composition, to achieve high-efficiency dissolution of the blockage (the dissolving rate 90%) and the effective inhibition (85.84%). Based on the understanding of the blockage law, 4 sets of unblocking processes had been developed with "plugging degree" and "whether there was a squeeze channel" as the main considerations, For the first time, the "system blockage unblocking "design method based on the composite plugging mode of "wellbore + reservoir near the wellbore " is proposed, which realizes the efficient plugging removal. The field application of 477 wells improves the success rate of reproduction from 53 % to 100 %, and effectively reduces the risk of plugging.This successful experience could provide guidance for blockage treatment in other oil fields with asphalt deposition and organic solid plugging such as wax.
Challenges and Best Practices for Recovering Stuck Coiled Tubing Pipe Conveying a Cable
Authors: Hassig Fonseca Santiago , Torres Richard , Liu Zhanke , Jahn Felix , Tagarot Gary , Baca Santiago , Guevara Hugo , Botan Jacqueline , Villacres Cristina , Boas Jeanette 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStuck coiled tubing (CT) is a main operational risk leading to delays, deferred production, or even loss of a well. Despite general commonalities, each CT recovery can face unique challenges including managing high pressure, working under limited spatial or lifting constraints, establishing well control, or handling a cable inside the CT.This study consolidates learnings and proposes a general workflow for a basic stuck pipe scenario, rig-up, recovery pressure control equipment and well control, CT free point evaluation, bottomhole assemblies (BHAs) and workflows for cutting and freeing the CT pipe downhole, and recovery of the CT at surface. A consolidation of published case studies provides specific examples of the hardware, workflows, and operational considerations. In addition, presentation of a recent case study extends the discussion to the challenges introduced by the presence of a cable in the stuck CT and its respective solution.This case study reviews the planning and execution of a CT recovery, including the use of decision trees to guide the decision-making process. It details fit-for-purpose hardware for safely anchoring the cable; packoffs for accessing, tensioning, and recovering it with slickline; an opening for deploying the wireline cutting BHA; and valves for pressure testing and well control. That workflow successfully freed 6,818 ft of stuck CT and allowed recovering the pipe without a workover rig on location, eliminating 11 days of rig time during subsequent tubing pulling. This is the first documented such recovery case worldwide based on a thorough literature review.
Subsurface Pressure and Temperature Survey Analysis for Wells on Intermittent Gas Lift: A Field Optimisation Case Study in Upper Assam Shelf Basin
Authors: Maut Partha Protim , Prakash Yerra 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Gas lift is the major artificial lift method for the wells of brownfields in the Upper Assam Shelf Basin. It is the best suited method for maintaining and extending the current production rate of the fields. In this gas lift optimization endeavour, we have selected Hapjan field, one of the brownfields of the Upper Assam Shelf Basin. This study comprises problem troubleshooting and optimization of 15 intermittent gas lift wells.
In the Hapjan field, intermittent gas lift wells operate with surface intermitters, as well as choke control intermittent lift in a closed rotative gas lift system. During the course of this project, all surface and subsurface diagnostic tools suitable for intermittent gas lift well optimization are utilized with special emphasis on pressure and temperature surveys. Tools and methodologies used are as follows: Surface recordings of tubing and casing pressures.Acoustic well sounding devices.Determination of optimal gas-lift gas injection rate.Multi-rate test interpretation.Gas lift surveillance software.Subsurface pressure and temperature surveys.
Subsurface pressure and temperature survey allows pinpointing of many malfunctions and provides a complete evaluation of how the well performs.
This paper presents an exceptionally detailed procedure for performing and analyzing a subsurface pressure and temperature survey in intermittent gas lift wells. In this type of subsurface survey, tandem Electronic Memory Gauges (EMG) are run in the well under flowing conditions while the well is being tested. In addition, static measurements are conducted where, once the EMG is run to depth, it remains there until the bottom hole pressure approaches the static value. When dynamic and static downhole surveys are correctly performed and analyzed, the following engineering considerations about gas lift wells can be gathered: Point of operation.Multi-point injection.Operating valve performance.Optimum cycle time.Productivity index.True fluid gradient in the production tubing.Dynamic fallback.Static Fluid Level.Static reservoir pressure and other reservoir properties.
The paper emphasizes the results of the surveys and the detailed adjustments to the wells operating mode based on well performance analysis. A 11% increase in production was obtained by implementing the survey results in 15 wells in the Hapjan gas lift field.
A great potential for low investment and rapidly increasing production and development of the reserve lies in the optimization of gas lift wells. As a result of this project, we have gathered valuable engineering experience that shows gas lift well optimization can substantially increase production in brownfields in the Upper Assam Shelf Basin and also other exploration and production (E&P) companies throughout the world.
Mujeres cuidadoras de familiares con esquizofrenia del occidente de México
Authors: Audiffred-Jaramillo Ricardo Ignacio 
Published: February 2023

La esquizofrenia es una enfermedad del neurodesarrollo que imposibilita a las personas a tener una vida independiente. Objetivo: Describir la percepción de la mujer sobre su papel como cuidadora principal de familiares con esquizofrenia. Método: El diseño fue cualitativo, con un método descriptivo-transversal, para estudios etnológicos. La muestra tuvo un cálculo probabilístico con un nivel de confianza de 95%, con un muestreo simple aleatorizado, en el cual se incluyeron 42 familiares de usuarios del SALME. Originalidad: La utilización del método etnológico para la comprensión del papel de las mujeres como cuidadoras de personas con esquizofrenia es innovador. Conclusiones: El control del medicamento, la comprensión y el apoyo, fueron consideradas las actividades más importantes que las cuidadoras primarias realizan. La mujer es quien asume el cuidado del paciente con esquizofrenia como un compromiso moral, natural, marcado por el afecto. Mientras que en el sexo masculino el cuidado se da como una opción. Esta circunstancia debe atenderse con un enfoque de paridad de género y con el establecimiento de límites adecuados con los demás miembros de la familia.
JENIS PERNYATAAN KALA ABSOLUT DALAM BAHASA JAWA NGOKO
Authors: Sumadi NFN 
Published: February 2023

The statement of absolute tense is one of the elements of language that has an important role because its existence tells the time of the occurrence of certain actions, events, or circumstances. This study discusses the types of absolute tense statements in ngoko Javanese with a structural linguistic approach that to the author's knowledge has never been studied. This study uses structural linguistic theory in describing the elements and structures of absolute tense statements in ngoko Javanese. The method used descriptive qualitative method, which seeks to explain the object of research as it is and it does not consider the frequency of one type of data. The data of this research are sentences containing absolute tense statements in Javanese which are collected from Javanese printed media, magazines, and data created by the author as a Javanese native speaker whose grammar has been tested with other speakers. Based on its meaning, absolute tense statements in ngoko Javanese can be divided into present tense statements marked with the word saiki 'now'; the past tense is marked by the words mau 'earlier', wingi 'yesterday', wingine 'two days before yesterday ', mbiyen 'a long time ago'; and the future is marked by the words mengko 'later', sesuk 'tomorrow', sesuke 'the day after tomorrow', and mbesuk 'in the future'. Phrases which are statements of absolute tenses are formed from the words, a word, or a group of words as attributes or core elements. Pernyataan kala absolut adalah satu di antara unsur bahasa yang mempunyai peranan penting sebab keberadaannya memberitahukan waktu terjadinya tindakan, peristiwa, atau keadaan tertentu. Penelitian ini membicarakan jenis pernyataan kala absolut dalam bahasa Jawa ngoko dengan pendekatan linguistik struktural yang sepengetahuan penulis belum pernah diteliti. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori linguistik struktural dalam mendeskripsikan unsur dan struktur jenis prnyataan kala absolut dalam bahasa Jawa ngoko. Metode yang digunakan ialah metode deskriptif kualitatif, yakni berupaya menjelaskan objek penelitian sebagaimana adanya dan tidak mempertimbangkan kefrekuentatifan satu jenis data. Data penelitian ini berwujud kalimat berunsur pernyataan kala absolut dalam bahasa Jawa yang bersumber dari media cetak berbahasa Jawa berwujud majalah dan data hasil kreasi penulis sebagai penutur asli bahasa Jawa yang kegramatikalannya telah diuji dengan penutur-penutur lain. Berdasarkan maknanya, pernyataan kala absolut pada bahasa Jawa ngoko bisa dipilah atas pernyataan kala kini ditandai kata saiki ‘sekarang’; kala lampau ditandai kata mau ‘tadi’, wingi ‘kemarin’, wingine ‘kemarin dulu’, mbiyen ‘dulu’; dan kala mendatang ditandai kata mengko ‘nanti’, sesuk ‘besuk’, sesuke ‘lusa’, dan mbesuk ‘kelak’. Frasa yang merupakan pernyataan kala absolut terbentuk dari kata-kata itu dan kata atau kelompok kata sebagai atribut atau unsur inti.
PEMANFAATAN BAHASA PADA PENOKOHAN NADIRA DALAM NOVEL NADIRA KARYA LEILA S. CHUDORI
Authors: Sukesti, M.Hum. Restu 
Published: February 2023

Language is used to represent the characters in a novel. The novel Nadira by Leila S. Chudori has a central character, namely Nadira, the same name as the novel's title. The character Nadira told in the novel is quite dominant compared to other characters, from the beginning to the end of the story even though the plot is quite complicated. For this reason, this study focuses on language marking as the character builder of the character Nadira in Leila S' novel Nadira. With what problems: (1) the form of language in the characterizations; (2) types of linguistic markers. There are three stages of research, namely data collection and classification, data analysis, and presentation of data analysis results. This study uses the theory of stylistic and conceptual analysis of language in the morphological, syntactic, and discourse domains, as well as a qualitative descriptive approach. The results are (1) Nadira's character image builder in the form of descriptive (narrative) and conversational forms; (2) characterizations are shown in the form of express or implied; (3) markers of interpretation of characterizations in the form of text and context; and (4) there are ten characters that appear dominantly in Nadira's characterization. The results of this study are very useful for revealing the power of language in literature so that language studies and literary studies are two sides of the same coin as a scientific collaboration.Bahasa digunakan untuk merepresentasikan karakter tokoh dalam sebuah novel. Novel Nadira karya Leila S. Chudori memiliki tokoh sentral, yaitu Nadira, nama yang sama seperti judul novel tersebut. Tokoh Nadira diceritakan dalam novel tersebut cukup dominan dibandingkan dengan tokoh lain, mulai dari awal hingga akhir cerita meskipun alurnya berputar cukup rumit. Untuk itu, kajian ini berfokus pada penandaan bahasa sebagai pembangun karakter tokoh Nadira dalam novel Nadira karya Leila S. Dengan permasalahan seperti apa: (1) bentuk bahasa dalam penokohan; (2) jenis penanda kebahasaan. Ada tiga langkap penelitian, yaitu penjaringan dan pengklasifikasian data, penganalisisan data, dan penyajian hasil analisis data. Dalam kajian ini digunakan teori analisis stilistika dan konseptual kebahasaan dalam domain morfologis, sintaktis, dan wacana, serta pendekatan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasilnya ialah (1) pembangun imaji karakter Nadira berbentuk deskriptif (naratif) dan percakapan; (2) penokohan ditampilkan dalam bentuk tersurat maupun tersirat; (3) penanda penafsiran penokohan dalam bentuk teks dan konteks; dan (4) ada sepuluh karakter yang muncul secara dominan pada penokohan Nadira. Hasil kajian ini sangat bermanfaat untuk mengungkap daya bahasa dalam sastra sehingga studi bahasa dan studi sastra sebagai dua sisi mata uang yang sama pentingnya sebagai sebuah kolaborasi ilmiah.
PERUBAHAN ANTROPONIMI DALAM MASYARAKAT JAWA
Authors: Atmawati Dwi , Purnami Wening , Izzak Arif 
Published: February 2023

This anthroponymic research is focused on studying the proper names of Javanese people living in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). DIY was designated as the research location because it is one of the places that have historical value in Javanese civilization. In addition, in DIY there is also a palace which is rich in Javanese cultural values. This study aims to determine the proper name contained in DIY, whether there are still retaining Javanese elements or Javanese elements have been lost and replaced with proper names originating from other regions. The theory used in this study is the theory of anthroponymy by Crystal (2008). The data was collected by using the method of documentation, sampling technique, and interviews. This documentation method is used to obtain proper name data from written sources, such as print, electronic, and internet media. The informants were selected based on the criteria of being married and having children; Javanese ethnic; come from low, middle, and high social status. Data analysis used the contextual method. Based on this research, it is known that cultural acculturation and technological advances affect the choice of the proper name for the Javanese people in Yogyakarta. There has been a shift in naming children, from traditional Javanese to 'modern' names and to people's names of Arabic origin.Penelitian antroponimi ini difokuskan pada nama diri orang Jawa yang tinggal di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). DIY ditetapkan sebagai lokasi penelitian karena merupakan salah satu tempat yang me-miliki nilai sejarah dalam peradaban Jawa. Selain itu, di DIY juga terdapat keraton yang kaya nilai-nilai budaya Jawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan nama diri yang terdapat di DIY, apakah masih ada yang mempertahankan unsur Jawa atau unsur Jawa telah hilang dan diganti dengan nama diri yang berasal dari daerah lain. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori antroponimi oleh Crystal (2008). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode dokumentasi, teknik sampling, dan wawancara. Metode dokumentasi ini digunakan untuk memperoleh data nama diri dari sumber tulis, seperti media cetak, elektronik, dan internet. Informan dipilih berdasarkan kriteria sudah menikah dan memiliki anak; bersuku Jawa; berasal dari status sosial rendah, menengah, dan tinggi. Dalam nalisis data digunakan metode kontekstual. Berdasarkan penelitian ini diketahui bahwa akulturasi budaya dan kemajuan teknologi berpengaruh pada pemilihan nama diri pada masyarakat Jawa di DIY. Telah terjadi pergeseran dalam penamaan anak, dari nama tradisional Jawa ke modern dan ke nama orang yang berasal dari bahasa Arab.