bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The value of molecular testing in the evaluation and management of patients with pancreatic cysts
Authors: Selvaggi Suzanne M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundMolecular testing aids in the work up and management of patients with pancreatic cysts. This study reports on the value of PancreaSeq® in the evaluation of pancreatic cyst aspirates.MethodsPancreaSeq® testing at our institution was implemented June 1, 2022. Over a 7‐month period (June 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022) 50 cyst aspirates of which 26 (52%) were non‐diagnostic 4 (8%) negative 1 (2%) atypical, 17 (34%) suspicious for a mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) and 2 (4%) positive for a MCN on cytology were sent for testing.ResultsKRAS/GNAS gene mutations were present in 15 non‐diagnostic cases and 5 cases suspicious for an MCN. The type of cyst was interpreted as mucinous (IPMN) and the risk of progression to high grade dysplasia/adenocarcinoma as low. KRAS mutations were present in 8 non‐diagnostic cases, 1 atypical case, 8 cases suspicious for a MCN and one case positive for an MCN; findings interpreted as a mucinous cyst (IPMN/MCN) with a low risk of progression. BRAF mutations were present in 2 cases; one suspicious and the second positive for an MCN; both interpreted as a mucinous cyst (IPMN) with a low risk of progression. One non‐diagnostic case was positive for several gene mutations and copy number alterations; findings interpreted as a mucinous (IPMN) cyst with an elevated risk of progression. VHL mutations were present in 2 negative cases interpreted as serous cystadenomas. Two non‐diagnostic, 2 negative and 2 cases suspicious for a MCN were negative for gene mutations.ConclusionImplementation of PancreaSeq® has led to improvements in clinical management of patients with pancreatic cysts.
Eco‐evolutionary contributions to community trait change in floating aquatic plants
Authors: Jewell Mark Davidson , Bell Graham 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn entire community of organisms may become modified when its environment changes. These modifications can happen through physiological processes (plasticity), evolutionary processes (adaptation) or shifts in species composition (sorting). The outcome of these three sources of change constitutes the community's phenotypic response, but how they combine to drive community trait dynamics is not currently well understood. We have conducted a community selection experiment in which communities of short‐lived floating aquatic plants were grown in a range of stressful conditions, and measured changes in their body size. Determinants of phenotypic change were assessed with a full community reciprocal transplant which led to estimates of the contributions of plasticity, adaptation, and sorting. Species were modified during the experiment by both plasticity and adaptation, but in either case the magnitude and direction of change differed among species. Sorting and adaptation were of equal magnitude but tended to act in opposite directions: in conditions where species with large fronds prevailed, each species evolved smaller fronds, and vice versa. We conclude that community trait dynamics cannot be understood simply by extrapolating the adaptive response of any single species to the whole community.
Bayesian geostatistical modeling for discrete‐valued processes
Authors: Zheng Xiaotian , Kottas Athanasios , Sansó Bruno 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe introduce a flexible and scalable class of Bayesian geostatistical models for discrete data, based on nearest‐neighbor mixture processes (NNMP), referred to as discrete NNMP. To define the joint probability mass function (pmf) over a set of spatial locations, we build from local mixtures of conditional pmfs using a directed graphical model, with a directed acyclic graph that summarizes the nearest neighbor structure. The approach supports direct, flexible modeling for multivariate dependence through specification of general bivariate discrete distributions that define the conditional pmfs. In particular, we develop a modeling and inferential framework for copula‐based NNMPs that can attain flexible dependence structures, motivating the use of bivariate copula families for spatial processes. Moreover, the framework allows for construction of models given a pre‐specified family of marginal distributions that can vary in space, facilitating covariate inclusion. Compared to the traditional class of spatial generalized linear mixed models, where spatial dependence is introduced through a transformation of response means, our process‐based modeling approach provides both computational and inferential advantages. We illustrate the methodology with synthetic data examples and an analysis of North American Breeding Bird Survey data.
Employing novel wireless agricultural sensors for real‐time monitoring of fluvial bank erosion
Authors: van Rooijen Erik , Dietze Michael , Lotsari Eliisa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBank erosion impacts sediment transport and river morphology, both important processes for river managers. Some important factors, such as timing and causes of bank erosion, are difficult to assess with established techniques. We explore the capability of smart sensors, actually developed for the agricultural sector, to measure soil moisture and temperature as well as movement in real time on banks of northern rivers in different geographical, climatological and landscape settings. Soil movement and its timing were easy to identify from the measurements, and in many cases, the reason for the onset of movement could be inferred. The sensors automatically upload data with a high temporal resolution for a long period of time, while only minimally disturbing the bank itself. However, the sensor approach has a low spatial resolution (point measurements), and therefore, complementing the measurements with approaches with a high spatial resolution, such as spatially continuous digital elevation models of differencing techniques or seismic sensors, is advised. Overall, the measurement approach using new agricultural sensors has several unique advantages and disadvantages and can be a good tool for the monitoring of river bank erosion and could lead to new insights.
Latent heat storage composites composed of Al‐Si microencapsulated phase change material and alumina matrix
Authors: Kawaguchi Takahiro , Shimizu Yuto , Dong Kaixin , Kurniawan Ade , Nomura Takahiro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLatent heat storage (LHS) using phase change materials (PCMs) is expected for application to heat utilization at high‐temperature because it can provide a heat source of high density and constant temperature. Even among PCMs, metals/alloys are promising for high‐temperature operation. However, metals and alloys PCM are concerned about corrosion reactions with structural materials. As a result, micro‐encapsulated PCMs (MEPCMs) have been created in which the surface of alloy PCM is encased in a stable oxide coating. Since the surface of MEPCM is an oxide, the creation of structures with the function of LHS in a variety of shapes by combining MEPCM with sintering aids is also possible. In this study, composite PCMs were prepared by combining Al‐25 mass% Si MEPCM with fine α‐Al2O3 particles as a sintering aid. Consequently, PCM composites containing 70‐90 vol.% of the MEPCM and heat‐treated at 1200°C or 1300°C were successfully fabricated. In particular, a high heat storage density of 0.47 GJ m−3 was obtained under conditions containing 90 vol.% of the MEPCM and a heat treatment temperature of 1200°C, which is 1.6‐fold higher than that of existing sensible heat storage materials. Additionally, the composite PCM retained its shape and the latent heat capacity even after 300 cycles of cyclic testing. Thus, the high heat storage density and high durability of the composite PCM are expected to further promote the expansion of high‐temperature heat utilization in future studies.
Parametric studies of mixed convective fluid flow around cylinders of different cross‐sections
Authors: Olayemi Olalekan Adebayo , Obalalu Adebowale Martins , Ibitoye Segun Emmanuel , Al‐Farhany Khaled , Jolayemi Temidayo Samsudeen , Jinadu Abdulbaqi , Ajide Tomisin Favour , Adegun Isaac Kayode 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA numerical study of mixed convective heat transfer in a lid‐driven square enclosure containing a hot elliptic cylinder is conducted. The impacts of the Grashof number , Reynolds number , cylinder tilt angle , and aspect ratio have been examined for a fluid of of 0.71. The horizontal enclosure walls are insulated, while its vertical walls are restricted to a nonvarying temperature Tc, whereas a sinusoidal temperature of is imposed on the wall of the elliptical cylinder. The governing equations are solved using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6 software. The fluid dynamic and the heat transport profiles between the enclosure and the elliptical cylinder walls are represented by the stream function, isothermal contours, and average Nusselt number. Results established that for all the considered aspect ratios, the thermal heating range of is predominantly a conduction mechanism. The critical position of the ellipse where the inclination effect becomes insignificant is determined by the Grashof number and aspect ratio when the Re = 100. The strength of vortices and cell numbers are significantly influenced by the aspect ratio, particularly when the . When , the average heat transfer from the cylinder remains the same regardless of the cylinder's orientation. The impact of cylinder orientation on heat transfer from the cylinder wall is minimal for . For AR values of , increasing the inclination angle does not result in improved heat transfer. The influence of the increasing inclination angle on the right wall diminishes as the angle increases, except when the Grashof number is greater than 105, where the rate of heat transfer is enhanced for inclination angles beyond 45°.
Methods, progresses, and opportunities of materials informatics
Authors: Li Chen , Zheng Kun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs an implementation tool of data intensive scientific research methods, machine learning (ML) can effectively shorten the research and development (R&D) cycle of new materials by half or even more. ML shows great potential in the combination with other scientific research technologies, especially in the processing and classification of large amounts of material data from theoretical calculation and experimental characterization. It is very important to systematically understand the research ideas of material informatics to accelerate the exploration of new materials. Here, we provide a comprehensive introduction to the most commonly used ML modeling methods in material informatics with classic cases. Then, we review the latest progresses of prediction models, which focus on new processing–structure–properties–performance (PSPP) relationships in some popular material systems, such as perovskites, catalysts, alloys, two‐dimensional materials, and polymers. In addition, we summarize the recent pioneering researches in innovation of material research technology, such as inverse design, ML interatomic potentials, and microtopography characterization assistance, as new research directions of material informatics. Finally, we comprehensively provide the most significant challenges and outlooks related to the future innovation and development in the field of material informatics. This review provides a critical and concise appraisal for the applications of material informatics, and a systematic and coherent guidance for material scientists to choose modeling methods based on required materials and technologies.
Salivary analysis: An emerging paradigm for non‐invasive healthcare diagnosis and monitoring
Authors: Liao Caizhi , Chen Xiaofeng , Fu Ying 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs an emerging non‐invasive and easy‐to‐use toolkit, salivary analysis has garnered significant attention recently. By leveraging the latest discoveries in salivary biomarkers, salivary analysis has the potential to revolutionize the field of healthcare by providing valuable information for monitoring an individual's health status, diagnosing disease progression, and enabling personalized treatment. However, the transitional development of breakthrough salivary analysis remains an intriguing challenge. Only a few innovations have progressed to new transformative healthcare diagnosis and monitoring tools. In this review, we attempt to illustrate a bird's eye view of the emerging field of salivary analysis by exploring an assorted selection of seminar progress that can potentially shape the developing trajectory of the field of salivary analysis. The fundamental nature of saliva and the versatile robust uses of salivary analysis as a novel non‐invasive method in various healthcare diagnostic and monitoring fields will be thoroughly discussed. To inspire next‐stage development in this thriving and fruitful field, we also crystalize key findings, pinpoint challenges that remain to be addressed and present an outlook on the future transitional development of salivary analysis, invigorating future research of groundbreaking non‐invasive healthcare diagnosis and monitoring strategies, and beyond.
Functional β‐TCP/MnO2/PCL artificial periosteum promoting osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by reducing locally reactive oxygen species level
Authors: Qian Feng , Huang Zongwang , Liu Wenbin , Liu Yanling , He Xi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSegmental bone defects caused by trauma, tumor resection or congenital malformations are often reconstructed with autologous, allogeneic bone grafts or artificial bone materials, of which, about 5% ~ 10% will have delayed healing or even nonunion of fractures. The loss of periosteum and excessive accumulation of ROS in fracture site leads to the aging of osteoblasts and the decline of their proliferation and differentiation, thus affecting the fracture healing process. In this study, we prepared a functional modified artificial periosteum β‐TCP/MnO2/PCL(β‐TMP) by electrospinning with a function of catalyzing decomposition of H2O2. We examined the surface morphology of β‐TMP, the concentration of Ca, P and Mn of β‐TMP, as well as the diameter distribution range of nanofibers on β‐TMP. Through X‐ray diffraction patterns and Fourier transform infrared spectra, β‐TMP was characterized and its hydrophilicity was tested. The release of Mn2+ and Ca2+ of 0.1 and 0.05% β‐TMP in different pH values (7.4 and 5.5) determined by ICP. We also identified that β‐TMP could reduce the level of ROS in cells by lowering the level of H2O2. 0%, 0.05% and 0.1% β‐TMP displayed good cell compatibility, cell adhesion and cellular morphology in the condition with or without H2O2. 0.5% β‐TMP showed compromised cell compatibility in normal condition, however, the compromised phenotypes could be partially rescued in the present of H2O2. Compared with 0%, 0.05% and 0.1% β‐TMP displayed higher osteoblastic differentiation with or without H2O2 in BMSCs as well as in MG‐63. In sum, β‐TMP helped osteogenesis and promoted repair of bone defects.
Defining success in healthcare education: US dental student and faculty perspectives
Authors: Cruz Walma David Alexandre , Cruz Walma Alexander Mathieu , Khoynezhad Shirin , Park Sang E. , McKenzie Carly Timmons 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurpose/objectivesAcademic metrics and clinical performance are necessary but alone insufficient in describing success in dental education. This paper identifies themes critical for dental student success as commonly cited by both dental students and faculty.MethodsDental faculty interviews and pre‐doctoral D2/D3/D4 student focus groups at two dental institutions generated data for thematic analysis. Themes were individually identified then merged, compared, and contrasted to establish a definitive list of key themes reflected in student and faculty comments.ResultsTwenty‐five pre‐doctoral students participated in one of four focus groups (two focus groups at each dental institution). Thirteen dental education faculty across two institutions participated in structured interviews. Thematic analysis produced five overlapping themes identified by both students and faculty across the two institutions: seeking understanding, collaborative spirit, personal ownership, organization, and broadened perspective. Faculty‐specific themes identified long‐term retention, a strong moral compass, and self‐sufficiency as critical for student success. Student‐specific themes identified their most successful peers to have a positive attitude, a perspective focused on personal investment and self‐care, as well as access to professional mentors.Conclusion(s)Both faculty and students in dental education perceive behaviors illustrative of a growth mindset as hallmarks of success in the oral healthcare profession. Relatedly, students exemplifying resilience and/or grit must believe their efforts to be worthwhile and impactful.
PACT inhibits the replication of SARS‐CoV‐2 through the blockage of GSK‐3β‐N‐nsp3 cascade
Authors: Lin Ying‐Ying , Yao Roubin , Zhuang Jiaxin , Wang Bo , Du Liubing , Guo Deyin , Pan Ji‐An , Peng Xiaoxue 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe protein activator of protein kinase R (PKR) (PACT) has been shown to play a crucial role in stimulating the host antiviral response through the activation of PKR, retinoic acid‐inducible gene I, and melanoma differentiation‐associated protein 5. Whether PACT can inhibit viral replication independent of known mechanisms is still unrevealed. In this study, we show that, like many viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) hijacks GSK‐3β to facilitate its replication. GSK‐3β‐induced phosphorylation on N protein increased the interaction between N protein and nsp3. Thus, GSK‐3β‐N‐nsp3 cascade promotes viral replication. Although SARS‐CoV‐2 can sabotage the activation of AKT, the upstream proteins suppressing the activation of GSK‐3β, we found that the host can use PACT, another protein kinase, instead of AKT to decrease the activity of GSK‐3β and the interaction between PACT and GSK‐3β is enhanced upon viral infection. Moreover, PACT inhibited the activity of GSK‐3β independent of its well‐studied double‐stranded RNA binding and PKR activating ability. In summary, this study identified an unknown function of PACT in inhibiting SARS‐CoV‐2 replication through the blockage of GSK‐3β‐N‐nsp3 cascade.
New‐onset type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents as postacute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Rahmati Masoud , Yon Dong Keon , Lee Seung Won , Udeh Raphael , McEVoy Mark , Kim Min Seo , Gyasi Razak M. , Oh Hans , López Sánchez Guillermo F. , Jacob Louis , Li Yusheng , Koyanagi Ai , Shin Jae Il , Smith Lee 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection in children and adolescents may increase risk for a variety of post‐acute sequelae including new‐onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Therefore, this meta‐analysis aims to estimate the risk of developing new‐onset type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents as post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and EMBASE were systematically searched up to March 20, 2023. A systematic review and subsequent meta‐analyses were performed to calculate the pooled effect size, expressed as risk ratio (RR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) of each outcome based on a one‐stage approach and the random‐effects estimate of the pooled effect sizes of each outcome were generated with the use of the DerSimonian‐Laird method. Eight reports from seven studies involving 11 220 530 participants (2 140 897 patients with a history of diagnosed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and 9 079 633 participants in the respective control groups) were included. The included studies reported data from four U.S. medical claims databases covering more than 503 million patients (IQVIA, HealthVerity, TriNetX, and Cerner Real‐World Data), and three national health registries for all children and adolescents in Norway, Scotland, and Denmark. It was shown that the risk of new‐onset T1DM following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children and adolescents was 42% (95% CI 13%−77%, p = 0.002) higher compared with non‐COVID‐19 control groups. The risk of developing new‐onset T1DM following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was significantly higher (67%, 95% CI 32 %–112%, p = 0.0001) in children and adolescents between 0 and 11 years, but not in those between 12 and 17 years (RR = 1.10, 95% CI 0.54–2.23, p = 0.79). We also found that the higher risk for developing new‐onset T1DM following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection only exists in studies from the United States (RR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.37−2.11, p = 0.00001) but not Europe (RR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.67−1.55, p = 0.93). Furthermore, we found that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was associated with an elevation in the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children and adolescents compared with non‐COVID‐19 control groups (RR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.07−6.11, p = 0.03). Our findings mainly obtained from US medical claims databases, suggest that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is associated with higher risk of developing new‐onset T1DM and diabetic ketoacidosis in children and adolescents. These findings highlight the need for targeted measures to raise public health practitioners and physician awareness to provide intervention strategies to reduce the risk of developing T1DM in children and adolescents who have had COVID‐19.
Planting and mowing cover crops as livestock feed to synergistically optimize soil properties, economic profit, and environmental burden on pear orchards in the Yangtze River Basin
Authors: Fu Haoran , Chen Hong , Ma Qingxu , Chen Bo , Wang Feiyang , Wu Lianghuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDPears, as an important cash crop, are currently facing great issues due to unsustainable management practices. Cover cropping is a sustainable management strategy that can improve soil fertility and increase fruit yield, while it may also stimulate greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, synergizing multiple indicators to achieve sustainable development is critical. This study introduces a new management system, namely the planting and mowing of ryegrass as a livestock feed system (PRSS), and analyzes its impact on soil quality, economic benefits, and environmental burdens.RESULTSOur results indicated that PRSS could increase soil pH from 5.08 to 5.48 and decrease the content of soil alkali‐hydrolyzable nitrogen, total phosphate, and available phosphate (26.96–59.89%) while also enhancing yield (+38.51%) compared with the traditional natural grass management system (TMS). The average soil methane fluxes in PRSS were 72.67 μg m−2 day−1, higher than those of TMS (61.28 μg m−2 day−1). However, the gross primary production was lower than TMS (−37.24%), and no significant difference was observed in soil nitrous oxide fluxes. In different scenarios, the total profit of PRSS mode 1 (mowing ryegrass and selling to a livestock company) and PRSS mode 2 (mowing ryegrass and feeding own sheep) were 10 706.21 $ ha−1 and 26 592.87 $ ha−1 respectively. These values are respectively2.36 times and 5.85 times higher than that of TMS. The total global warming potential of TMS (18.19 t CO2‐eq ha−1) was 1.29 t CO2‐eq ha−1 higher and 2.89 t CO2‐eq ha−1 lower than that of PRSS mode 1 and mode 2 respectively.CONCLUSIONCompared with traditional natural grass, planting and mowing ryegrass in pear orchards can optimize soil properties, increase fruit yield, and reduce global warming potential. Different modes can greatly increase revenue but have varying impacts on environmental burdens. These findings can help rebuild the links between farmland and specialized livestock production, contributing to sustainable development in the pear industries. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.