bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KONSUMEN TERKAIT PEREDARAN PERDAGANGAN TELUR AYAM NEGERI YANG TIDAK MEMILIKI SERTIFIKAT NOMOR KONTROL VETERINER (NKV) DI TINJAU DARI PERATURAN YANG BERLAKU
Authors: Keysiah Leonita  , Bernadetta Tjandra Wulandari  
Published: July 2023

Protein merupakan suatu unsur yang diperlukan tubuh manusia untuk tumbuh kembang. Protein tersebut dapat diperoleh dari banyak sumber, yang salah satunya adalah dari telur ayam. Di pasaran banyak ditemukan dan beredar beragam jenis telur, namun yang secara umum dikonsumsi masyarakat adalah telur ayam negeri. Seperti halnya komoditas perdagangan yang lain, perdagangan telur ayam negeri juga harus tunduk pada beberapa peraturan yang berlaku serta diawasi oleh lembaga yang diberi wewenang dan bertugas untuk itu. Selain itu dalam hal peredaran dan perdagangan telur ayam negeri di Indonesia, para pelaku usaha wajib memenuhi persyaratan yang telah ditentukan yakni memiliki sertifikat Nomor Kontrol Veteriner (NKV). Kewajiban tersebut sebagai bentuk kepastian akan kualitas/mutu telur yang diperdagangkan dan juga merupakan bukti jaminan keamanan produk hewan yang sudah memenuhi persyaratan higiene dan sanitas. Keamanan dan keselamatan dalam menggunakan suatu produk barang atau jasa tertentu -termasuk dalam hal ini telur ayam negeri- merupakan hal yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian sekaligus merupakan hak konsumen yang wajib dipenuhi oleh pelaku usaha. Hal ini sesuai dengan ketentuan sebagaimana terdapat dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen dan beberapa peraturan lain yang bersifat sektoral.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN FLI PBOOK MAKER DENGAN METODE STORYTELLING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KESADARAN DIRI ANAK USIA 4 - 5 TAHUN
Authors: Asiyah Siti , Dewi Anita Chandra , Sulianto Joko 
Published: July 2023

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) bagaimana validitas Media Pembelajaran Flipbook Maker dengan Metode Storytelling untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kesadaran diri anak usia 4-5 Tahun?, (2) bagaimana kepraktisannya?, (3) bagaimana efektifitasnya?. Tujuan dari penelittian ini adalah (1) untuk mendriskripsikan validitas Media Pembelajaran Flipbook Maker dengan Metode Storytelling untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kesadaran diri anak usia 4-5 Tahun, (2) untuk mendiskripsikan kepraktisannya, (3) untuk menganilisa keefktifannya. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah Research and Development yang mengacu pada ADDIE. Tahap validasi melibatkan 3 orang subjek (1 orang ahli materi, 1 orang ahli media dan 1 orang ahli bahasa ) dilibatkan untuk menilai kelayakan oleh para ahli menggunakan lembar validasi. Tahap uji coba dilakukan secara skala terbatas dengan subyek uji coba anak kelas A yang berjumlah 20 anak, dan uji lapangan melibatkan 5 guru TK M NU Masyithoh 05 Banyurip Alit Kota Pekalongan. Metode Pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket, wawancara, non tes (observasi), dan dokumentasi. Analisis yang melalui uji normalitas, uji perbedaan dan uji N-gain dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS versi 16.0. Dari hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Media Pembelajaran Flipbook Maker dengan Metode Storytelling yang dikembangkan sangat layak digunakan dan efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kesadaran diri anak usia 4-5 Tahun.
BREEDING AND GENETIC PARAMETERS OF GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND BODY TYPE OF ABERDEEN ANGUS BREED REPLACEMENT HEIFERS AND THEIR BLACK-AND-WHITE CROSSBREEDS
Authors: БАТАНОВ С.Д. , СТАРОСТИНА О.С. , АТНАБАЕВА Н.А. , ДЯКИН С.И. 
Published: July 2023

Исследованы особенности роста, развития и селекционно-генетических параметров телосложения ремонтных телок абердин ангусской породы и помесей первого и второго поколений с черно-пестрой породой. Отмечена мелкоплодность чистопородных телок, живая масса которых при рождении достоверно ниже, чем у телок-помесей первого и второго поколений, на 3,6 кг (12,2%) и 2,1 кг (7,55%) соответственно. К 6 мес живая масса помесей первого поколения составила 171,5 кг, что ниже, чем масса сверстниц чистопородных абердин ангусских и помесей второго поколения, на 5,4% и 4,9%, к возрасту 10 мес — ниже на 3,7% и 1,8% соответственно. Наиболее интенсивное проявление эффекта скрещивания отмечено у помесей первого поколения в возрасте 18 мес: живая масса 394,2 кг, что на 1,2% и 2,8% выше, чем у сверстниц чистопородных абердин ангусских и помесей второго поколения. У чистопородных телок отмечен гармоничный тип телосложения с относительно невысоким ростом, хорошо развитыми областями туловища, а помесные телки имеют промежуточный тип наследования параметров телосложения.
The features of growth, development, breeding and genetic parameters of body type of Aberdeen Angus breed replacement heifers and their crossbreeds of the first and second generation with a black-and-white breed were investigated. The low fertility of purebred heifers was noted, their live birth weight was significantly lower than in first- and second-generation hybrid heifers by 3.6 kg (12.2%) and 2.1 kg (7.55%), respectively. The live weight of first—generation crossbreeds was 171.5 kg by 6 months, it is lower than the weight of purebred Aberdeen Angus heifers and second-generation crossbreeds by 5.4% and 4.9%. By the age of 10 months, it was lower by 3.7% and 1.8%, respectively. The most intense manifestation of the crossing effect was observed in first-generation crossbreeds at the age of 18 months: the live weight was 394.2 kg; it is 1.2% and 2.8% higher than in purebred Aberdeen Angus and second-generation crossbreeds. Purebred heifers have a harmonious type of physique with relatively short stature, well-developed areas of the trunk, and crossbred heifers have an intermediate type of body parameters inheritance.
САДОВОДСТВО В УСЛОВИЯХ ИЗМЕНЕНИИ КЛИМАТА ЮГО-ВОСТОЧНОГО КАЗАХСТАНА С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ ПРИЕМОВ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ (при выращивании яблони)
Authors: Сулейменова Назия , Тогисбаева Айнура 
Published: July 2023

В статье рассмотрена задачи развития садоводства в условиях изменения климата с использованием водосберегающих инновационных приемов технологий выращивания яблони. Нами изучены влияние водоудерживающего полимера-гидрогеля "АКВАСОРБ" на агро-экологическую обстановку экосистемы производственного сада, в зонах подверженный к засухе Юго-Восточного Казахстана.
Выявлено, что полимер увеличивает общий и продуктивный запас влаги в почве и улучшает агрофизические свойства, где создается более благоприятные экологические условия для адаптации плодовой культуры – яблони при глобальной изменении климата. Присутствие гидрогеля в корневом слое увеличивает влагообеспеченность листьев, что повышает гидратацию и содержание подвижной влаги в каждом варианте по сравнению с контролем. Где повышается засухоустойчивость деревьев с точки зрения термостойкости, удержания воды, общей гидратации и содержания подвижной влаги в тканях листьев яблони.
В условиях изучения в плодовом саду лучшие показатели влагаудержания листьев и гидратации были установлены при норме внесения полимера - 1,5 кг/м3, а в более суровых засушливых условиях исследуемого года лучшими нормами является 2,0 кг/м3 гидрогеля в корневом слое. Высокая степень удержания воды и удовлетворительная гидратация тканей яблони указывает на их способность адаптироваться к изменяющимся условиям изменения климата.
Indicateurs Des Mutations Spatiotemporelle Et Démographique Dans La Commune De Sèmè-Podji
Authors: Pathos ALI Guy Pépin , BIAOU CHABI Luc Ogousinya , Sabi TASSIGUI SIO , VIGNINOU Toussaint 
Published: July 2023

Les villes tropicales au sud du Sahara, tout comme ailleurs dans les pays en développement, sont soumises de nos jours à un défi majeur qui est celui de la gestion de l’espace et des ressources naturelles en adéquation avec le cadre de vie des populations en croissance rapide. La présente recherche a pour but d’étudier les indicateurs des mutations spatiotemporelle et démographique dans la commune de Sèmè-Podji au Sud-Est du Bénin.Pour atteindre cet objectif, des méthodes d’analyse cartographique, statistique et des graphiques ont été utilisées pour le traitement, l’analyse et l’interprétation des données (statistiques démographiques, modes d’occupations de sol, etc.). Les observations directes et les entretiens ont été mis à contribution dans le cadre de cette étude. La statistique descriptive a été également utilisée. Au total, 341 personnes ont été enquêtées sur l’ensemble du territoire du secteur d’étude.Il résulte de ce travail que de 1979 à 1999, les formations naturelles (FG, FD, FCSB, PE, ZS, FM, SOL NU) sont passées de 462,8 ha à 88,7 ha, soit une diminution de 67,83 % de l’ensemble du secteur de recherche. Cette diminution s’est faite au profit des formations anthropiques (MCJP, MJC et PLAN,) qui sont passées de 7796,1 à 7926,2 ha soit une extension de 0,83 % et les agglomérations qui sont passées de 43,5 à 105,7 ha. Toutefois, il est à constater que les marécages ont passées de 10380,5 à 14432,5 ha soit une augmentation de 4052 ha. Par ailleurs, la superficie des agglomérations passe de 1378,14 ha en 2019 à 2863,922 ha en 2030. Dans le même temps, les mosaïques de cultures et jachères sous palmiers passent de 2245,14 ha en 1988 à 1610,68 ha en 2008 ; elle rechute à 1324,37 ha en 2018. Ces données montrent que la superficie des cultures et jachères sous palmeraies diminue au profit de celle des agglomérations. Elles ont connu une progression en l’espace de 11 ans.Pendant la même période, les formations naturelles (FG, FD, FCSB, PE, ZS, FM, SOL NU, MAR) passent de 13659,8 ha en 2019 à 11080,39 ha en 2030 ; elles diminueront et atteigneront 2579,41 ha en 2030. Cela montre que les habitations sont de plus en plus construites dans les espaces occupés par les formations naturelles. La densité du bâti a évolué de 0,002 ha en 1979, elle a atteint 0,005 ha en 1999 et 0,060 ha en 2019. Cette densité ne cesse de croître au cours du temps et sera 0,125 ha en 2030. Il est à remarquer que dans la commune de Sèmè-Podji, l’évolution des agglomérations demeurent le principal facteur de la dynamique de l’espace depuis les années 1979. Elle y restera toujours la principale cause des mutations territoriales jusqu’à l’horizon 2030.Tout ceci a été à la base de l’installation des infrastructures structurantes qui ont aussi contribué à la croissance de plusieurs quartiers dans le secteur d’étude. Ils sont également des facteurs explicatifs de développement du commerce de rue (selon les 65 % des enquêtés).
Introduction
Authors: Baselski Vickie S. , Weissfeld Alice S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Laboratories are subject to a wide array of regulatory compliance issues, including those impacting laboratory test performance, those related to laboratory safety, and those relating to privacy, security, and integrity of health information. Most hospital laboratories generally performed services for their own inpatients and occasionally for affiliated outpatients, and tests were billed according to a formula established by the business office. This chapter seeks to provide guidance on developing a laboratory program to ensure that reimbursement practices are compliant with payor rules and regulations. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) interprets statutes and regulations and issues these interpretations through a variety of official documents. CMS is responsible for establishing payment amounts for clinical diagnostic laboratory services on the Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule. A key component of the billing compliance process is attention to correct coding.
Processing, Isolation, Detection, and Interpretation of Aerobic Bacteriology Cultures
Authors: Harrington Amanda T. , Yarbrough Melanie L. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter focuses on processing of specimens for aerobic bacteriology and interpretation and rapid identification of bacterial growth on primary culture media. The initial processing of clinical specimens for aerobic bacteriology is a multifaceted endeavor involving a number of decision‐making steps, including assessing the need for processing the specimen for anaerobic bacteriology, mycology, virology, and parasitology, depending on the nature of the specimen and requests from clinicians. First, one must consider the specimen type and its anatomic origin. The second step is the selection of primary isolation medium to be used for each specimen type. The initial interpretation of aerobic bacterial growth on primary culture media is an opportunity for the medical laboratory scientist or clinical microbiologist to make a preliminary identification and decide what additional tests and procedures must be performed to arrive at a definitive identification. The chapter presents a list of commonly used primary plating media.
Body Fluid Cultures (Excluding Blood, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Urine)
Authors: Moore Nicholas M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Infection of normally sterile body fluids often results in severe morbidity and mortality; therefore, rapid and accurate microbiological assessment of these samples is important for successful patient management. Care must be taken during specimen collection and transport to ensure that the specimen is not contaminated. Causes of prosthetic joint infection vary depending on the joint infected and the time between implantation and infection. Peritoneal fluid can be contaminated with numerous mixed gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota in cases of perforation of the GI tract, but in patients with peritonitis secondary to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, the likely pathogen may be present in very low numbers. In peritonitis secondary to CAPD, the typical pathogens are staphylococci; viridans group streptococci; non‐glucose‐fermenting, Gram‐negative bacilli;
Candida albicans
and other
Candida
spp.; and fungi.
Fecal and Other Gastrointestinal Cultures
Authors: Pillai Dylan R. , Griener Thomas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Fecal cultures should not be performed for patients being treated with broad‐spectrum antimicrobial agents, because it is likely that the antimicrobial therapy is responsible for the diarrhea.
Campylobacter
is the most commonly identified bacterial pathogen isolated from fecal cultures.
Campylobacter
,
Arcobacter
, and
Helicobacter
species are Gram‐negative curved, gull‐winged, or spiral‐shaped bacilli which are motile by polar flagella and exhibit diverse growth requirements that can make them difficult to culture by routine methods.
Arcobacter
organisms are considered emerging enteropathogens and identified as the causative agents in outbreaks of gastroenteritis, though they can be isolated from stool of asymptomatic people and their significance as human pathogens has not been definitively established. For pediatric patients admitted with gastroenteritis and on bowel rest, it may take several days to collect a stool specimen.
Detection of Human Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas from Clinical Specimens by Culture and PCR
Authors: Bébéar Cécile , Waites Ken B. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
is a common cause of upper and lower respiratory infections in persons of all ages. Tracheobronchitis is the most common clinical syndrome, but pneumonia commonly occurs and extrapulmonary infections have been described.
Mycoplasma hominis
and
Ureaplasma
species are recoverable by culture from the human urogenital tract.
Mycoplasma genitalium
causes male nongonococcal urethritis and has been associated with salpingitis endometritis and cervicitis in women. Susceptibility testing is useful mainly for systemic infections caused by
Mycoplasma hominis
or
Ureaplasma spp.
, particularly in immunosuppressed hosts or when treatment failure raises suspicion of acquired resistance, as in the case of macrolide resistance in
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
is a common cause of respiratory tract infections, involved in tracheobronchitis and community‐acquired pneumonia in children and adults.
Guidelines for Biochemical Identification of Aerobic Bacteria
Authors: Dunn James J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The identification of aerobic bacteria has traditionally been based on assessment of biochemical characteristics, and many laboratories continue to rely on these methods. The biochemical tests that are most useful to laboratories have been selected, with an emphasis on rapid testing. Depending on the type of organism, a set of substrates is selected for their positive and negative reactions. The pattern of reactivity for a particular organism can then be compared to charts or databases of expected reactions to identify the genus and/or species. Commercial biochemical identification systems can provide accurate identifications of the most commonly encountered bacterial pathogens with little hands‐on time. One of the main limitations of most biochemical identification methods is the time required to generate results, since gauging reactivity may require a number of hours of incubation. A potential limitation of commercial biochemical test systems is the breadth of organisms that can be identified and taxonomic updates maintained by the manufacturer.
Lysis Centrifugation
Authors: McElvania Erin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Isolator system consists of Vacutainer tubes for blood collection that contain lysing, antifoaming, and anticoagulating agents. The lysis of red blood cells followed by centrifugation results in concentration of microorganisms from the blood and bone marrow specimen. The lysis centrifugation method can be used to culture routine bacterial pathogens and yeast, but the concentration step makes it particularly suited to detection of slowly growing and fastidious microorganisms, including Bartonella, Malassezia, and Mycobacterium species as well as thermally dimorphic and filamentous fungi. The limitations of lysis centrifugation are the requirement of specialized equipment and the high degree of manual processing. Due to the use of agar plates and manual processing, the lysis centrifugation method is prone to high rates of contamination with environmental and cutaneous microorganisms. The Isolator system can be used for quantitative assessment of microorganisms in the blood or bone marrow.
Staining, Culture, and Identification Methods for Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria Recovered from Positive Blood Cultures
Authors: Hilt Evann E. , Jean Sophonie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Use of continuously monitored blood culture systems reduces the time to detection of bacteremia and candidemia and reduces contamination rates compared to manual methods. Ideally, processing of positive blood cultures for subculture and Gram stain with immediate reporting of Gram stain results should be performed around the clock, 24/7. Blood culture contamination is associated with negative patient outcomes and significant cost. Culture procedures for positive blood cultures should focus on rapid identification of true pathogens. If multitarget molecular panels are not available, laboratories may use a variety of rapid biochemical testing methods for presumptive identification and reporting, followed by confirmatory testing on recovered isolates. Additionally, laboratories may utilize matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry for rapid identification directly from positive blood culture bottles. Rapid, presumptive identification of true pathogens, particularly those with infection control risks, should be prioritized.
Blood Cultures: Postanalytical Considerations
Authors: Kamboj Kamal , Balada‐Llasat Joan‐Miquel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Blood cultures represent a critical tool for health care professionals as a means of detecting the presence of microbial organisms in the bloodstream of an infected individual. The presence of microorganisms in the bloodstream constitutes a serious situation that warrants timely and accurate identification of the microorganism(s) present. The Gram stain result of a positive blood culture is the important initial information that helps the clinician optimize empiric antimicrobial treatment. Blood culture contaminants are a major source of frustration for the clinician and laboratory personnel alike. The increased use of central venous catheters and other indwelling devices puts patients at elevated risk for bacteremia, often due to contamination or colonization of the line or hardware with cutaneous microbiota or environmental organisms. Interpretation of culture results for patients with indwelling devices in place is challenging. This procedure will address postanalytical processing for blood cultures, including reporting of results, interpretation, limitations, report archiving, consultation, and specimen storage.
Broad‐Range PCR and Emerging Technologies for the Direct Detection of Microorganisms from Blood Specimens
Authors: Green Daniel A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Broad‐range PCR methods that amplify and sequence the 16S rRNA gene have been used for bacterial identification both from blood culture bottles and directly from whole blood. Applied to residual positive blood culture broth, broad‐range PCR has been shown to increase the detection of clinically significant bacteria when combined with routine culture, although higher rates of contaminating organisms may also be detected. Broad‐range PCR has also been demonstrated to have high concordance with conventional blood culture when performed on blood culture bottles incubated for 8 h prior to analysis. Multiple studies have evaluated the use of broad‐range PCR directly from whole blood samples. While blood culture remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of bloodstream infections, its sensitivity is influenced by several variables, including the volume of blood collected, the timing of blood collection, and the growth characteristics of the microorganism(s).
MALDI‐TOF MS for Bacterial and Yeast Identification
Authors: Fisher Mark A. , Powers‐Fletcher Margaret 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter presents the procedure of MALDI‐TOF MS for bacterial and yeast identification. Identification of bacteria and yeasts in the clinical microbiology laboratory has traditionally relied on a combination of phenotypic characteristics, including Gram stain results, colony morphology, growth characteristics, and biochemical reactions. Sequencing of genes with both conserved and variable regions, such as rRNA genes, has enhanced the laboratory's capacity to accurately identify microorganisms with greater resolution for species‐level identification. The FDA‐cleared MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry databases for bacteria and yeasts are largely composed of aerobic species with much smaller subsets of anaerobes and yeasts. This procedure describes protocols for the application of MALDI‐TOF MS to routine bacterial and yeast identification in the clinical microbiology laboratory. The chapter also covers proper quality control principles for analytical tests. With postanalytical considerations, it provides attention to common test limitations, interpretive challenges, and results reporting.
Disk Diffusion from Positive Blood Culture
Authors: Kahlmeter Gunnar , Campeau Shelley 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Methodologies from the CLSI and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) for performing disk diffusion directly from positive blood culture broth are based on standard disk diffusion, but with significant modifications to one or more of the following: inoculum, incubation times, reading instructions, and breakpoints. This procedure provides information for performing both the CLSI direct disk diffusion test and the EUCAST rapid antimicrobial susceptibility test (RAST) methods. For both CLSI and EUCAST, the identification of the genus and/or species, depending on which method is used, must be known before interpreting results, since breakpoints apply to specified organisms or organism groups. Positive blood culture broth with
Enterobacterales
or
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, within 0 to 18 h after blood culture has signaled positive. Positive bottles should be processed promptly, but if not, they should remain in the instrument until ready to proceed with the RAST method.