bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Oboe Concerto, K. 314 (1777)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines Mozart’s sole Oboe Concerto, K. 314, within a historical and analytical context. Mozart was exceptionally musically precocious, and his father, Leopold, played an instrumental role in developing Mozart’s innate musical abilities. Discussing Mozart’s development and early influences, this chapter traces the composition’s genesis, drawing on primary source letters. The concerto, written in 1777 for oboist Giuseppe Ferlendis, and championed by oboist Friedrich Ramm, disappeared for over a century until its rediscovery by Bernhard Paumgartner when he was director of the Mozarteum at Salzburg. Musically, the piece reflects both the galant style and the evolving Mannheim tradition. Furthermore, this chapter explores stylistic nuances of the concerto to convey the piece’s operatic characteristics, the handling of formal conventions, and the contrast between technical virtuosity and lyricism. It establishes the Allegro aperto, Adagio non troppo, and Allegretto movements within the broader Classical concerto format and discusses technical and interpretive decisions faced by performers.
Paul Hindemith, Sonata for Oboe and Piano (1938)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores Paul Hindemith’s Sonata for Oboe and Piano (1938) in a historical and analytical context. The narrative traces Hindemith’s development as an artist against the backdrop of sociopolitical upheavals in Germany. His performance experience, interest in expanding the audience for contemporary music, role as an influential educator, commitment to early music performance, desire to compose practical music for nonprofessionals, and move to the United States are highlighted as defining traits. Discussion of his sonatas reveals stylistic transformation across two compositional periods. This chapter discusses Hindemith’s concept of “harmonic fluctuation” and shows how it is applied in the two-movement Sonata for Oboe and Piano. His innovative approach to composition offers an exciting confluence of the traditional and modern elements, where familiar formal devices meld with Hindemith’s unique harmonic and tonal languages.
William Grant Still, Incantation and Dance (1941)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores the musical work of William Grant Still (1895–1978), with a focus on his composition, Incantation and Dance for oboe and piano (1941). Positioned within the nexus of American Modernism, American Nationalism, and the Harlem Renaissance, Still drew on his multicultural background and experiences of racial segregation to shape his notion of a “universal idiom.” The chapter discusses the cultural and historical factors that influenced Still’s work, revealing a sophisticated blend of various cultural traditions. The analysis of Incantation and Dance demonstrates Still’s innovative use of harmonic and rhythmic elements, notably his incorporation of the blues scale, call-and-response structures, and avant-garde dissonance. Additionally, this chapter considers how Still drew on his “universal idiom” to contribute to the development of “authentic American voices,” within the modernist movement, and highlights Still’s contributions to American music and broader cultural discourse.
Benjamin Britten, Six Metamorphoses after Ovid, Op. 49 (1951)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines Benjamin Britten’s pivotal work, Six Metamorphoses after Ovid, Op. 49, its genesis, and its historical importance in the repertoire for solo oboe. Born into a middle-class family in England, Britten emerged as a dominant force in English art music, navigating the tensions between modernity and tradition in his compositions. His approach to modernism diverged from typical norms, which presents a challenge for scholars to historically situate his works. In his Six Metamorphoses, Britten explores his deep interest in Classical mythology and innovatively portrays six characters from Ovid’s Metamorphoses, using the oboe’s expressive range to depict transformations, while maintaining a predominantly tonal aesthetic. This chapter also discusses the work’s premiere, Britten’s working methods, and possible connections with other composers’ interpretations of the same myths. This chapter addresses the debates surrounding the interpretation of the tempo markings and the ways performance practices have developed through time.
Alyssa Morris, Four Personalities (2007)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter offers an overview of the life and musical journey of Alyssa Morris, a renowned American composer, oboist, and pianist, and features her piece Four Personalities (2007). Born in Texas in 1984 and raised in Utah, Morris’s childhood affinity for the piano and oboe led to a lifelong pursuit of musical composition and performance, influenced by classical composers like Chopin and Liszt, and jazz artists such as John Coltrane. The chapter also discusses her professional journey and her significant contributions to expanding the oboe repertoire. Four Personalities reflects Morris’s love of jazz and features the distinct characteristics of the Hartman personality test’s color representations. Morris’s depictions of the personality types are subtle yet complex, as the contrast of character from movement to movement effectively reveals the distinctions between them. The pieces are cleverly programmatic, reflecting her interest in conveying the human experience through music.
Jenni Brandon, Wood Song for Solo Oboe (2019)
Authors: Lewis Nora Anderson 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter offers musicological context and analysis of Wood Song (2019), a composition for solo oboe by American composer Jenni Brandon. This chapter situates Brandon’s work within the broader historical context of contemporary classical music and examines the musical techniques employed in Wood Song. Born in Hershey, Pennsylvania, in 1977, Brandon’s composition reflects her various musical experiences, including singing, songwriting, choir conducting, and yoga teaching and practice, among others. Wood Song exemplifies Brandon’s lyrically driven style, her affinity for nature, and her collaborative compositional approach. The chapter provides an analysis of the piece’s musical structure, thematic development, and Brandon’s innovative use of the oboe to mimic the wood thrush. The analysis highlights Brandon’s use of a loose rondo form, tonal modulations, rhythmic variations, and her ability to create a rich soundscape that crosses between natural and musical worlds.
The Role of Fractional Radiofrequency in Long-term Acne Remission and Reduction of Acne Scar Load
Authors: Hamadani Fadi , Vranis Neil M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Acne is an inflammatory skin disease afflicting the majority of the world's population at some point in their lifetime, and is seen to be chronic in about 50% of cases. Acne leads to significant social withdrawal, depression, and disfiguring scars in many cases. Available treatments are characterized by high rates of relapse, dangerous side effects, and social stigma, which often leads to poor patient compliance and treatment failure.

Objectives
The aim of this article was to discuss and share the authors’ experiences utilizing fractional radiofrequency (RF) (Morpheus8; InMode Ltd., Lake Forest, CA) in the treatment of both active acne and acne scars.

Methods
A retrospective review was conducted comparing 3 treatment modalities. In total, 356 patients received acne scar treatments. The cohort comprised a high-dose isotretinoin topical therapy series (n = 128, 36%), a 6-session ablative laser series (n = 89, 25%), and a 3-session fractional RF microneedling series (n = 139, 44).

Results
Of the patients with extended 3-year follow-up, the relapse rates were: isotretinoin group, 36 of 54 (67%); laser group, 12 of 16 (75%), and fractional RF microneedling group, 7 of 29 (24%).

Conclusions
In treating older acne scars, fractional RF microneedling technology has served as an effective tool to tighten skin and fill in atrophic scars when used in conjunction with other techniques. This technology is very effective and very safe for treating all skin types with acne and acne scars.
Explainable deep neural networks for predicting sample phenotypes from single-cell transcriptomics
Authors: Martorell-Marugán Jordi , López-Domínguez Raúl , Villatoro-García Juan Antonio , Toro-Domínguez Daniel , Chierici Marco , Jurman Giuseppe , Carmona-Sáez Pedro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recent advances in single-cell RNA-Sequencing (scRNA-Seq) technologies have revolutionized our ability to gather molecular insights into different phenotypes at the level of individual cells. The analysis of the resulting data poses significant challenges, and proper statistical methods are required to analyze and extract information from scRNA-Seq datasets. Sample classification based on gene expression data has proven effective and valuable for precision medicine applications. However, standard classification schemas are often not suitable for scRNA-Seq due to their unique characteristics, and new algorithms are required to effectively analyze and classify samples at the single-cell level. Furthermore, existing methods for this purpose have limitations in their usability. Those reasons motivated us to develop singleDeep, an end-to-end pipeline that streamlines the analysis of scRNA-Seq data training deep neural networks, enabling robust prediction and characterization of sample phenotypes. We used singleDeep to make predictions on scRNA-Seq datasets from different conditions, including systemic lupus erythematosus, Alzheimer’s disease and coronavirus disease 2019. Our results demonstrate strong diagnostic performance, validated both internally and externally. Moreover, singleDeep outperformed traditional machine learning methods and alternative single-cell approaches. In addition to prediction accuracy, singleDeep provides valuable insights into cell types and gene importance estimation for phenotypic characterization. This functionality provided additional and valuable information in our use cases. For instance, we corroborated that some interferon signature genes are consistently relevant for autoimmunity across all immune cell types in lupus. On the other hand, we discovered that genes linked to dementia have relevant roles in specific brain cell populations, such as APOE in astrocytes.
A deep learning feature importance test framework for integrating informative high-dimensional biomarkers to improve disease outcome prediction
Authors: Zou Baiming , Xenakis James G , Xiao Meisheng , Ribeiro Apoena , Divaris Kimon , Wu Di , Zou Fei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Many human diseases result from a complex interplay of behavioral, clinical, and molecular factors. Integrating low-dimensional behavioral and clinical features with high-dimensional molecular profiles can significantly improve disease outcome prediction and diagnosis. However, while some biomarkers are crucial, many lack informative value. To enhance prediction accuracy and understand disease mechanisms, it is essential to integrate relevant features and identify key biomarkers, separating meaningful data from noise and modeling complex associations. To address these challenges, we introduce the High-dimensional Feature Importance Test (HdFIT) framework for machine learning models. HdFIT includes a feature screening step for dimension reduction and leverages machine learning to model complex associations between biomarkers and disease outcomes. It robustly evaluates each feature’s impact. Extensive Monte Carlo experiments and a real microbiome study demonstrate HdFIT’s efficacy, especially when integrated with advanced models like deep neural networks. Our framework shows significant improvements in identifying crucial features and enhancing prediction accuracy, even in high-dimensional settings.
Artificial intelligence in cryo-EM protein particle picking: recent advances and remaining challenges
Authors: Dhakal Ashwin , Gyawali Rajan , Wang Liguo , Cheng Jianlin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has revolutionized structural biology by enabling the determination of high-resolution 3-Dimensional (3D) structures of large biological macromolecules. Protein particle picking, the process of identifying individual protein particles in cryo-EM micrographs for building protein structures, has progressed from manual and template-based methods to sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI)-driven approaches in recent years. This review critically examines the evolution and current state of cryo-EM particle picking methods, with an emphasis on the impact of AI. We conducted a comparative evaluation of popular AI-based particle picking methods, using both general machine learning metrics and specific cryo-EM structure determination metrics. This analysis involved constructing the 3D density map from the picked protein particles and assessing the obtained resolution and particle orientation diversity, underscoring the significant impact of AI on cryo-EM particle picking. Despite the advancements, we also identified key obstacles, such as handling complex micrographs with small proteins. The analysis provides insights into the future development of more sophisticated and fully automated AI methods in cryo-EM particle recognition.
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction causes recurrent and transient failures of perceptual inference
Authors: Weilnhammer Veith , Rothkirch Marcus , Yilmaz Deniz , Fritsch Merve , Ptasczynski Lena Esther , Reichenbach Katrin , Rödiger Lukas , Corlett Philip , Sterzer Philipp 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Perception integrates external sensory signals with internal predictions that reflect prior knowledge about the world. Previous research suggests that this integration is governed by slow alternations between an external mode, driven by sensory signals, and an internal mode, shaped by prior knowledge. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over experiment in healthy human participants, we investigated the effects of the N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist S-ketamine on the balance between external and internal modes. We found that S-ketamine causes a shift of perception toward the external mode. A case-control study revealed that individuals with paranoid Scz, a disorder repeatedly associated with NMDAR hypofunction, spend more time in the external mode. This NMDAR-dependent increase in the external mode suggests that the symptoms of schizophrenia are caused by recurring dissociations of perception from prior knowledge about the world.
CYP24A1 is overexpressed in keloid keratinocytes and its inhibition alters profibrotic gene expression
Authors: Hahn Jennifer M , Combs Kelly A , Phillips Caitlin M , Warner Petra M , Qazi Uzair A , Powell Heather M , Supp Dorothy M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Keloids are disfiguring, fibrotic scar-like lesions that are challenging to treat and commonly recur after therapy. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms driving keloid formation is necessary for the development of more effective therapies. Reduced vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression has been observed in keloids, implicating vitamin D signaling in keloid pathology. Vitamin D exhibits anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting it could have therapeutic utility in keloid disorder. The current study investigated vitamin D-regulated gene expression in keloid keratinocytes and the effects of inhibiting an enzyme involved in vitamin D metabolism on the phenotype of keloid-derived keratinocytes.

Methods
Normal and keloid-derived primary keratinocytes were isolated from normal skin and keloid lesions, respectively, and were cultured in the absence or presence of vitamin D. In some experiments, inhibitors of the vitamin D metabolizing enzyme CYP24A1, ketoconazole or VID400 were added in the absence or presence of vitamin D. Cellular proliferation, migration and gene expression were measured.

Results
We observed significant overexpression of CYP24A1 mRNA in keloid versus normal keratinocytes and increased CYP24A1 protein levels in keloids versus normal skin. CYP24A1 encodes 24 hydroxylase and is induced by vitamin D in a feedback loop that regulates vitamin D levels; thus, inhibition of CYP24A1 activity may locally increase active vitamin D levels. Ketoconazole, a non-specific cytochrome P-450 inhibitor, reduced proliferation of keloid and normal keratinocytes, but VID400, a specific CYP24A1 inhibitor, only significantly affected keloid keratinocyte proliferation. Neither inhibitor significantly reduced keratinocyte migration. The two inhibitors had different effects on vitamin D target gene expression in keratinocytes. Specifically, ketoconazole treatment reduced CYP24A1 expression in normal and keloid keratinocytes, whereas VID400 increased CYP24A1 expression. Both inhibitors decreased expression of profibrotic genes, including periostin and hyaluronan synthase 2, in keloid-derived cells. Combined treatment of keloid keratinocytes with vitamin D and ketoconazole or VID400 increased the effects of vitamin D treatment on target genes, although the effects were gene- and cell type-specific.

Conclusions
The data suggest that reduction of vitamin D inactivation with CYP24A1 inhibitors may reduce profibrotic gene expression in keloid-derived cells. Therefore, CYP24A1 inhibitors may serve as adjunctive therapies to suppress keloid-associated gene expression changes.
Choroid plexus-targeted viral gene therapy for alpha-mannosidosis, a prototypical neurometabolic lysosomal storage disease
Authors: Choi Eun-Young , Wolfe John H , Kaler Stephen G 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The choroid plexuses (CP) are highly vascularized structures that project into the ventricles of the vertebrate brain. The polarized epithelia of the CP produce cerebrospinal fluid by transporting water and ions into the ventricles from the blood and normally secrete a large number of proteins. We assessed the feasibility of selective CP transduction with recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) gene therapy vectors for treatment of lysosomal storage disease (LSD), a broad category of neurometabolic illness associated with significant burdens to affected patients and their families. There are no ideal or complete therapeutic options currently available, especially for the central nervous system manifestations of LSDs. Alpha-mannosidosis (AMD) is an autosomal recessive prototypical LSD caused by deficiency of lysosomal alpha-mannosidase and characterized by cerebellar ataxia, neurocognitive disability, facial and skeletal abnormalities, hearing impairment, and mild immune deficiency. In a murine model of AMD, we compared the biochemical effects of CSF-directed rAAV serotypes 1, 4, 5, 6, and 9. Recombinant AAV1 and rAAV6, two closely related serotypes whose capsid sequences differ by only six amino acids, showed the most robust transduction of CP in mouse brain, consistent with their transduction of CPE in nonhuman primates and cats, as well as in other structures. We found restoration of LAMAN enzyme activity comparable to or higher than AMD heterozygote levels in the brain globally (olfactory bulb, cortex, cerebellum, brainstem). Further IND-generating preclinical experiments will advance rAAV6-LAMAN, which appears to be the most promising choroid plexus-targeting candidate serotype for future clinical translation to treat AMD.
Rare and common genetic variants underlying the risk of Hirschsprung’s disease
Authors: Xiao Jun , Feng Chenzhao , Zhu Tianqi , Zhang Xuan , Chen Xuyong , Li Zejian , You Jingyi , Wang Qiong , Zhuansun Didi , Meng Xinyao , Wang Jing , Xiang Lei , Yu Xiaosi , Zhou Bingyan , Tang Weibing , Tou Jinfa , Wang Yi , Yang Heying , Yu Lei , Liu Yuanmei , Jiang Xuewu , Ren Hongxia , Yu Mei , Chen Qi , Yin Qiang , Liu Xiang , Xu Zhilin , Wu Dianming , Yu Donghai , Wu Xiaojuan , Yang Jixin , Xiong Bo , Chen Feng , Hao Xingjie , Feng Jiexiong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR) is a congenital enteric neuropathic disorder characterized by high heritability (&gt;80%) and polygenic inheritance (&gt;20 genes). The previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified several common variants associated with HSCR and demonstrated increased predictive performance for HSCR risk in Europeans using a genetic risk score, there remains a notable gap in knowledge regarding Chinese populations. We conducted whole exome sequencing in a HSCR case cohort in Chinese. By using the common controls (505 controls from 1KG EAS and 10 588 controls from ChinaMAP), we conducted GWAS for the common variants in the exome and gene-based association for rare variants. We further validated the associated variants and genes in replicated samples and in vitro and vivo experiments. We identified one novel gene PLK5 by GWAS and suggested 45 novel putative genes based the gene-based test. By using genetic variant at RET and PLK5, we constructed a genetic risk score that could identify the individuals with very high genetic risk for HSCR. Compared with patients with zero or one risk allele from the three variants, the risk for HSCR was 36.61 times higher with six alleles. In addition, we delineated a HSCR risk gene landscape that encompasses 57 genes, which explains 88.5% and 54.5% of HSCR in Chinese and European, respectively. In summary, this study improved the understanding of genetic architecture of HSCR and provided a risk prediction approach for HSCR in the Chinese.
Adaptive kernel conditional density estimation
Authors: Zhao Wenjun , Tabak Esteban G 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A methodology is proposed for the determination of factor-dependent bandwidths for the kernel-based estimation of the conditional density $\rho (x|z)$ underlying a set of observations. The adaptive determination of the bandwidths is based on a $z$-dependent effective number of samples and variance. The procedure extends to categorical factors, where a non-trivial ‘bandwidth’ can be designed that optimally uses across-class information while capturing class-specific traits. A hierarchy of algorithms is developed, and their effectiveness is demonstrated on synthetic and real-world data.
A World of Difference: Overcoming Normative Limits of the ECHR Framework through a Legally Binding Recognition of the Human Right to a Healthy Environment
Authors: Kobylarz Natalia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article argues that while the Strasbourg human rights system provides a level of environmental protection through existing rights and their evolutive interpretation by the European Court of Human Rights, adopting an additional Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights (‘ECHR’) on the right to a healthy environment (‘R2HE’) would strengthen safeguarding of environmental human rights. By comparing R2HE with the green human rights doctrine, I identify six normative limits within the current ECHR framework, which, as shown through an analysis of the historic and most recent case law, stem from the lack of legally binding recognition of an autonomous R2HE. In this vein, this study argues that the Protocol could enable forward-looking environmental adjudication and resolution of a wide range of situations affecting both the environment and human rights, foster a more consistent, predictable adjudication process, as well as support the Council of Europe’s goal of strengthening human rights protection in response to the triple planetary crisis.