bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colchicine usage for prevention of post atrial fibrillation ablation pericarditis in patients undergoing high‐power short‐duration ablation
Authors: Iqbal Arshad Muhammad , Li Kai Yu , Gautam Sandeep 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) has been associated with variable incidence (0.88%–10%) of pericarditis manifested as chest pain, possibly more prevalent with the advent of high‐power short‐duration (HPSD) ablation. This has led to the widespread use of colchicine in preventative protocols for postablation pericarditis. However, the efficacy of preventative colchicine has not been validated yet.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of a routine postoperative colchicine regimen (0.6 mg twice a day for 14 days post‐AF ablation) for prevention of postablation pericarditis in patients undergoing HPSD ablation.MethodWe retrospectively evaluated consecutive single‐operator HPSD AF ablation procedures at our institution from June 2019 to July 2022. A colchicine protocol was introduced in June 2021 for the prevention of postablation pericarditis. All ablations were performed with 50 watts. Patients were divided into colchicine and noncolchicine groups. We recorded incidence of postablation chest pain, emergency room (ER) visit for chest pain, pericardial effusion, pericardiocentesis, any ER visit, hospitalization, AF recurrence, and cardioversion for AF within the first 30 days following ablation. We also recorded colchicine‐related side effects and medication compliance.ResultsTwo hundred and ninety‐four consecutive HPSD AF ablation patients were screened for the study. After implementing the prespecified exclusion criteria, a total of 205 patients were included in the final analysis, yielding 101 patients in the colchicine group and 104 patients in the noncolchicine group. Both groups were well‐matched for demographic and procedural parameters. There was no significant difference in postablation chest pain (9.9% vs. 8.6%, p = .7), pericardial effusion (2.9% vs. 0.9%, p = .1), ER visits (11.9% vs. 12.5%, p = .2), 30‐day hospitalization for AF recurrence (0.9% vs. 0.96%, p = .3), and 30‐day need for cardioversion for AF (3.9% vs. 5.7%, p = .2). Fifteen (15) patients had severe colchicine‐related diarrhea, out of which 12 discontinued it prematurely. There were no major procedural complications in either group.ConclusionIn this single‐operator retrospective analysis, prophylactic colchicine was not associated with significant reduction in the incidence of postablation chest pain, pericarditis, 30 day hospitalization, ER visits, or AF recurrence or need of cardioversion within first 30 days after HPSD ablation for AF. However, its usage was associated with significant diarrhea. This study concludes no additional advantage of prophylactic use of colchicine after HPSD AF ablation.
Efficacy of selected botanical oils against the cassava whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and their effects on its feeding behaviour
Authors: Amour Massoud , Wosula Everlyne N. , Mrisho Latifa , Hoskins Clare , Buss David , Bruce Toby , Stephano Flora , Legg James P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe control of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci relies heavily on the use of synthetic insecticides. There is a need to develop alternative control strategies due to concerns about impact of these insecticides on the environmental and human health, and the threat of insecticide resistance. Botanical oil extracts could potentially be used for the management of whiteflies and other pests. The study reported here therefore aimed to evaluate the efficacy of selected botanical oils against the cassava whitefly, B. tabaci and test their effect on its feeding behaviour. Patchouli oil treatment was the most effective at repelling whiteflies in no choice and choice experiments with up to 85% of whiteflies being repelled. Oviposition was also reduced 50–89% in patchouli. Neem was found to be effective at reducing oviposition, nymph and adult emergence by 50%, 70% and 80%, respectively, in a screenhouse no choice experiment. Patchouli significantly reduced the phloem ingestion phase (E2) by 40% and potential drops (pd) by 46% compared to control plants. Neem significantly increased the non‐probing duration by 48% and reduced pd by 50% compared to the control. Patchouli and neem were found to be the most effective among the selected botanical oils. These two oils should be further evaluated for efficacy under field conditions to determine suitability for recommendation as biopesticides against the cassava B. tabaci whitefly.
Impact of first‐line systemic therapy with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tada Toshifumi , Kumada Takashi , Hiraoka Atsushi , Hirooka Masashi , Kariyama Kazuya , Tani Joji , Atsukawa Masanori , Takaguchi Koichi , Itobayashi Ei , Fukunishi Shinya , Tsuji Kunihiko , Ishikawa Toru , Tajiri Kazuto , Ochi Hironori , Yasuda Satoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Ogawa Chikara , Nishimura Takashi , Hatanaka Takeshi , Kakizaki Satoru , Shimada Noritomo , Kawata Kazuhito , Tada Fujimasa , Ohama Hideko , Nouso Kazuhiro , Morishita Asahiro , Tsutsui Akemi , Nagano Takuya , Itokawa Norio , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Imai Michitaka , Kosaka Hisashi , Naganuma Atsushi , Matono Tomomitsu , Koizumi Yohei , Nakamura Shinichiro , Kaibori Masaki , Iijima Hiroko , Hiasa Yoichi ,   the Real‐life Practice Experts for HCC (RELPEC) Study Group and the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Experts from 48 clinics in Japan (HCC 48) Group
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimThe study goal was to compare the outcomes of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who received atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atezo/Bev) as either first‐ or later‐line systemic therapy.MethodsA total of 430 patients with HCC treated with Atezo/Bev at 22 institutions in Japan were included. Patients treated with Atezo/Bev as first‐line therapy for HCC were defined as the first‐line group (n = 268) while those treated with Atezo/Bev as second‐ or later‐line therapy were defined as the later‐line group (n = 162).ResultsThe median progression‐free survival times in the first‐ and later‐line groups were 7.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.7–9.2) and 6.2 months (95% CI, 5.0–7.7) (P = 0.021). Regarding treatment‐related adverse events, hypertension of any grade was more common in the first‐line group than in the later‐line group (P = 0.025). Analysis adjusted by inverse probability weighting, including patient and HCC characteristics, showed that the later‐line group (hazard ratio, 1.304; 95% CI, 1.006–1.690; P = 0.045) was significantly associated with progression‐free survival. In patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B, the median progression‐free survival times in the first‐ and later‐line groups were 10.5 months (95% CI, 6.8–13.8) and 6.8 months (95% CI, 5.0–9.4) (P = 0.021). Among patients with a history of lenvatinib therapy, the median progression‐free survival times in the first‐ and later‐line groups were 7.7 months (95% CI, 6.3–9.2) and 6.2 months (95% CI, 5.0–7.7) (P = 0.022).ConclusionThe use of Atezo/Bev as first‐line systemic therapy in patients with HCC is expected to prolong survival.
Transgender and nonbinary young adults' depression and suicidality is associated with sibling and parental acceptance‐rejection
Authors: Bosse Jordon D. , Clark Kristen D. , Dion Kimberly A. , Chiodo Lisa M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionTransgender and nonbinary young adults (TNB YA) report high rates of depression and more suicidality than their cisgender counterparts. Parental rejection is a known predictor of worse mental health among TNB YA; however, less is known about TNB YA experiences of sibling acceptance‐rejection. The purpose of this study was to determine how TNB YA perception of sibling and parental acceptance‐rejection are related to TNB YA depression and suicidality.DesignCross‐sectional.MethodsTNB YA (ages 18–25) who had disclosed their gender identity to an adult sibling were recruited to take part in an online study and completed measures of sibling and parent acceptance‐rejection, depression, as well as lifetime and past year suicidality. Stepwise regressions were conducted to evaluate associations between acceptance‐rejection and TNB YA depression and suicidality.ResultsThe sample consisted of 286 TNB YA (Mage = 21.5, SD = 2.2) who were predominantly White (80.6%) and assigned female sex at birth (92.7%). Each family member's acceptance‐rejection was associated with increased TNB YA depression scores when considered independently and combined. Independently, high rejection from each family member was associated with greater odds of reporting most suicidality outcomes. When all family members were considered together, only high rejection from a male parent was associated with four times greater odds of reporting lifetime suicidality. High rejection from both parents was associated with greater odds of reporting past year suicide attempt (OR: 3.26 female parent; 2.75 male parent).ConclusionRejection from family members is associated with worse depression and suicidality, and rejection from male parents may be particularly damaging. Sibling acceptance uniquely contributes to TNB YA's depression symptoms alone and in the context of parental support.
Holistic Evaluation of Language Models
Authors: Bommasani Rishi , Liang Percy , Lee Tony 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLanguage models (LMs) like GPT‐3, PaLM, and ChatGPT are the foundation for almost all major language technologies, but their capabilities, limitations, and risks are not well understood. We present Holistic Evaluation of Language Models (HELM) to improve the transparency of LMs. LMs can serve many purposes and their behavior should satisfy many desiderata. To navigate the vast space of potential scenarios and metrics, we taxonomize the space and select representative subsets. We evaluate models on 16 core scenarios and 7 metrics, exposing important trade‐offs. We supplement our core evaluation with seven targeted evaluations to deeply analyze specific aspects (including world knowledge, reasoning, regurgitation of copyrighted content, and generation of disinformation). We benchmark 30 LMs, from OpenAI, Microsoft, Google, Meta, Cohere, AI21 Labs, and others. Prior to HELM, models were evaluated on just 17.9% of the core HELM scenarios, with some prominent models not sharing a single scenario in common. We improve this to 96.0%: all 30 models are now benchmarked under the same standardized conditions. Our evaluation surfaces 25 top‐level findings. For full transparency, we release all raw model prompts and completions publicly. HELM is a living benchmark for the community, continuously updated with new scenarios, metrics, and models https://crfm.stanford.edu/helm/latest/.
A systematic review of patient barriers and facilitators for implementing lifestyle interventions targeting weight loss in primary care
Authors: de Jong Maxim , Jansen Núria , van Middelkoop Marienke 
Published: May 2023

SummaryNumerous barriers are experienced by people with overweight and obesity that play a role in the implementation of lifestyle interventions. This systematic review aims to investigate the barriers and facilitators for children and adults with overweight or obesity when implementing lifestyle interventions targeting weight loss in primary care. A systematic review was conducted by searching four databases to identify eligible studies (1969–2022). The Critical Appraisal Skills Program was used to assess the study quality. A total of 28 studies were included, of which 21 focused on adults and seven on children and their parents. Thematic synthesis of the 28 studies included identified nine key themes, of which support, role of the general practitioner, structure of the lifestyle intervention program, logistics, and psychological factors were the most common. This review shows that a strong support system and a personalized lifestyle intervention are essential components for successful implementation. Additional research is needed to identify whether future lifestyle interventions can take these barriers and facilitators into account and still be feasible for losing weight.
Mid‐Term Outcomes of Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Zhang Jie‐chao , Tang Xiao‐ye , Zhang Qian , Wang Xue‐peng , Guo Zi‐cheng , He Yong 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveThe effectiveness of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients remains a controversial topic. This study investigates the mid‐term outcomes of ARCR in RA patients and identifies the factors influencing clinical efficacy.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled RA patients with small or medium rotator cuff tears (RCTs) between February 2014 and February 2019. Visual Analog Scale (VAS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), and Constant–Murley scores were collected at each follow‐up time. Ultimately, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X‐ray were employed to assess rotator cuff integrity and progression of shoulder bone destruction, respectively. Statistical methods used two‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA or generalized estimation equations.ResultsA total of 157 patients were identified and divided into ARCR (n = 75) and conservative treatment (n = 82) groups. ARCR group continued to be divided into small tear (n = 35) and medium tear (n = 40) groups. At the final, all scores were better in ARCR group than in the conservative treatment group (p < 0.05). A radiographic evaluation of the final follow‐up demonstrated that the progression rate in ARCR group (18.67%) was significantly lower than that of the conservative treatment group (39.02%, p < 0.05). In the comparison of the small tear and medium tear groups, all scores increased significantly after surgery (p < 0.05), and the final follow‐up scores were better than preoperative scores (p < 0.05) but worse than those of the 6‐month postoperative follow‐up (p < 0.05). Comparison between the two groups revealed that all scores of the small tear group were significantly better than those of the medium tear group at 6‐month postoperative follow‐up (p < 0.05). Although the scores of small tear group remained better than those of the medium group at the final postoperative follow‐up, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Radiographic assessment of the final follow‐up demonstrated that the progression rate in the small tear group (8.57%) was significantly lower than that in the medium group (27.50%, p < 0.05), and the retear rate of small tear group (14.29%) was significantly lower than that of the medium tear group (35.00%, p < 0.05).ConclusionARCR could effectively improve the quality of life for RA patients with small or medium RCTs, at least in the medium term. Despite the progression of joint destruction in some patients, postoperative retear rates were comparable to those in the general population. ARCR is more likely to benefit RA patients than conservative treatment.
Orofacial characteristics in a child with Hajdu‐Cheney syndrome
Authors: Saji Seba , Devi K Pavithra , Morankar Rahul , Tewari Nitesh , Mathur Vijay Prakash , Bansal Kalpana 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHajdu‐Cheney syndrome (HCS) also known as Cranio‐skeletal dysplasia is a rare genetic disorder of bone metabolism. It is mainly characterized by acro‐osteolysis and generalized osteoporosis. The other distinctive features include a dysmorphic face, short stature, aplasia of facial sinuses, and persistent cranial sutures. Although the condition begins to manifest since birth, the characteristic features become more prominent with age. This syndrome is usually recognized by dentists due to these craniofacial abnormalities. This case report aims to highlight a case of 6‐year‐old girl HCS who presented with aberrant facial features, premature exfoliation of teeth, unusual mobility of teeth and atypical root resorption in primary dentition.
A scalable school‐based intervention to increase early adolescents' motor competence and health‐related fitness
Authors: Huhtiniemi Mikko , Sääkslahti Arja , Tolvanen Asko , Lubans David R. , Jaakkola Timo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSchools are key settings for the promotion of students' physical activity, fitness, and motor competence. The purpose of our study was to investigate the efficacy of a 5‐month‐long intervention program that aimed to increase students' motor competence and health‐related fitness during school days. We conducted a quasi‐experimental study with 325 Finnish Grade 5 (Mage = 11.26, SD = 0.33) students from five schools. Two schools were allocated to the intervention group and three schools to the control group. The intervention consisted of three components: (a) weekly 20 min session during regular PE lessons, (b) weekly 20 min session during recess, and (c) daily 5‐minute‐long classroom activity breaks. All activities were designed to systematically develop different elements of motor competence and fitness. The following assessments were conducted at baseline and 5‐months: cardiorespiratory fitness levels were measured by 20‐meter shuttle run test, muscular fitness by curl‐up and push‐up tests, and motor competence by 5‐leaps and throwing–catching combination tests. We analyzed the data using a multi‐group latent change score modeling. Results showed that students in the intervention group developed significantly better in 20‐meter shuttle run test (β = 0.269, p = 0.000, 95% CI [0.141, 0.397]; +5.0 laps), push‐up (β = 0.442, p = 0.000, 95% CI [0.267, 0.617]; +6.5 repetitions), curl‐up (β = 0.353, p = 0.001, 95% CI [0.154, 0.552]; +7.8 repetitions), and throwing–catching combination tests (β = 0.195, p = 0.019, 95% CI [0.033, 0.356]; +1.1 repetitions) than students in the control group. The intervention program appeared to be feasible and effective in increasing students' cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, and object control skills. This indicates that guided school‐based physical activity programs can be influential in promoting physical fitness and motor competence among early adolescent students.
Mobile user identification based on road networks and multiple distance measures
Authors: Fan Yue , Wang Huiwen , Wang Lihong , Guo Shu , Liu Jing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMobile user identification aims at matching different mobile devices of the same user using trajectory data, which has attracted extensive research in recent years. Most of the previous work extracted trajectory features based on regular grids, which will lead to incorrect feature representation due to lack of geographic information. Besides, most trajectory similarity models only considered one single distance measure to calculate the similarity between users, which ignore the connection between different distance measures and may lead to some false matches. In light of this, we present a novel user identification method based on road networks and multiple distance measures in this article. The proposed method segments a city map into several grids and road segments based on road networks. Then it extracts location and road information of trajectories to jointly construct user features. Multiple distance measures are fused by a discriminant model to improve the effect of user identification. Experiments on real GPS trajectory datasets show that our proposed method outperforms related similarity measure methods and is stable for mobile user identification. Meanwhile, our method can also achieve good identification results even on sparse trajectory datasets.
International investment agreements and foreign direct investment: A survey
Authors: Egger Peter , Pirotte Alain , Titi Catharine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper reviews the relationship between international investment agreements (IIAs) and foreign direct investment (FDI). It is organised in two parts. The first part explores the generic structure of IIAs and highlights the components that are particularly relevant to FDI. It then gives an overview of the specific content of investment treaties using a representative treaty sample over the period 1980–2020. The second part is devoted to surveying theoretical and empirical work on the impact of IIAs on FDI, while highlighting issues with the measurement of FDI, missing FDI data and effect identification due to endogeneity problems. A key difference from earlier surveys is that this article differentiates between IIAs depending on their content and takes this differentiation into account in the measurement of IIAs and their effects on FDI.
Keratinase Production by Bacillus sp. MD24 in Sub-merge and Solid State Fermentation
Authors: Suharti Suharti , Rozaq Hanif Nur , Qisti Aulia , Alvionita Mieke , Wonorahardjo Surjani 
Published: May 2023

Chicken feathers are valuable solid waste that mainly contains insoluble proteins called keratin. Naturally, keratin is degraded by microbes that produce a specific protease called keratinase. Many reports have been addressed to study Bacillus species as keratin-degrading microbes. However, most reported works were using pathogenic soil Bacillus. Our work has been concentrated on keratinase produced by a soil bacterium, Bacillus sp. MD24 and we confirmed it as a non-pathogenic bacterium. This report describes the different profiles of keratinase fermentation between sub-merged fermentation (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) using chicken feathers as a sole carbon and nitrogen source. Keratinase production and weight loss were followed for 10 consecutive days, the keratinase molecular weight was investigated, the type and concentration of 18 amino acids were determined using LC-MS/MS after 10 days to seek its potential as the amino acid source, and protein by-product concentration was measured. The results showed that keratinase production as well as weight loss in SmF was better compared to SSF with different optimum production times. Surprisingly, L-arginine was a dominant amino acid in SmF hydrolysate which contained 42.06% of total amino acids and made Bacillus sp. MD24 is a potential organism for L-arginine production. As protein by-product concentration was relatively low in both conditions showing effective utilization of chicken feathers as matter and energy source, consequently, cell-free keratinase should be applied to degrade chicken feathers into valuable materials.
Molybdenum isotope signature of microbial nitrogen utilization in siboglinid tubeworms
Authors: Wang Xudong , Xu Ting , Peckmann Jörn , Bayon Germain , Jia Zice , Gong Shanggui , Li Jie , Cordes Erik , Sun Yanan , Tao Jun , Chen Duofu , Feng Dong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Many chemosynthesis-based communities prospering in deep-sea environments rely on the metabolic activity of sulfide-oxidizing bacteria. This is the case for vestimentiferan siboglinid tubeworms, whose demand for nutrition is satisfied predominantly by their endosymbiotic bacteria harbored in a specialized organ called the trophosome. Such chemosymbiosis leads to a significantly lower nitrogen isotope composition of the trophosome than in other types of soft tissue. However, the specific process of nitrogen utilization by siboglinids remains unclear. As a key element in the relevant enzymes (nitrogenase and nitrate reductase), molybdenum (Mo) is indispensable in the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen. The Mo isotope composition (δ98Mo) of siboglinids is thus a potential proxy for decoding the processes involved in nitrogen metabolism. In this study, we found δ98Mo values along the chitinous tube of the vestimentiferan siboglinid Paraescarpia echinospica from the Haima seeps of the South China Sea as negative as −4.59‰ (−1.13‰ ± 1.75‰, 1SD, n = 19)—the lowest δ98Mo value ever reported for any kind of natural material. It is suggested that this extremely negative Mo isotope composition is caused by preferential utilization of isotopically light Mo by the tubeworm’s endosymbionts or epibionts during nitrate reduction. Such Mo isotope signature could provide a means for identifying siboglinid tubeworms, a group of annelids that has previously escaped unambiguous identification due to the lack of mineralized skeleton, in the rock record.