bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐scale elastic full‐waveform inversion in a hybrid domain based on deconvolution objective function
Authors: Zhang Huixing , Wang Xin , Wang Wangyang , He Bingshou , Yang Tao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHigh‐precision P‐wave and S‐wave velocity models are very important for seabed exploration. Elastic full‐waveform inversion is an effective way to obtain the velocity models. Full‐waveform inversion is strongly dependent on source wavelet, and inaccurate wavelet estimation will severely affect the inversion results. Furthermore, elastic full‐waveform inversion is a highly non‐linear problem and has larger calculation and memory cost. Based on the deconvolution method, we develop a multi‐scale source‐independent elastic full‐waveform inversion method in a hybrid domain to alleviate the non‐linearity, to improve computation efficiency and decrease memory cost and to reduce the influence of source wavelet. We reconstruct the deconvoluted objective function and further derive the adjoint source and gradient formulas for elastic full‐waveform inversion with the adjoint‐state method. We can obtain good inversion results by using this objective function, adjoint source and gradient even if the source wavelet is unknown. In order to illustrate the influence of different reference traces on the objective function, we provide the theoretical formula of the objective function changing with the variation of reference traces. Experiments show that the deconvolution objective function cannot completely eliminate the influence of inaccurate source wavelet on the inversion, and the inversion effect depends on the selection of reference trace. Different inversion results of the Marmousi2 model indicate that the minimum offset trace is the best reference trace. Comparison of the inverted Marmousi2 model by the proposed method and the conventional elastic full‐waveform inversion method using correct wavelet shows that the two inversion results are very close, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method and indicates a potential application of the method in seabed exploration.
Sevoflurane induces neurotoxic effects on developing neurons through theWNK1/NKCC1/Ca2+/Drp‐1 signalling pathway
Authors: Bai Ya‐Fan , Li Wen‐Jing , Ji Yu‐Wei , An Li‐Xin , Zhang Li , Li Jun‐Fa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChildren repeatedly exposed to anaesthesia have a high risk of cognitive impairment, but the mechanism of its regulation in this context is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible toxic mechanism of sevoflurane through the WNK1/NKCC1/Ca2+/Drp‐1 signalling pathway. The hippocampal neuronal HT22 cell line was used in this study. The intervention group was treated with the WNK1 inhibitor WNK‐463, CaN inhibitor FK506 and Drp‐1 inhibitor Mdivi‐1 respectively in the medium for 30 min before sevoflurane anaesthesia. The sevofluane group and all intervention group treated with 4.1% sevoflurane for 6 h. Compared with the control group, sevoflurane treatment decreased cell viability and increased cellular apoptosis. Our study found that WNK‐463, FK506 and Mdivi‐1 can all alleviate the sevoflurane‐induced reduction in cell viability, decrease the cell apoptosis. In addition, WNK‐463 pretreatment could inhibit the increase of WNK1 kinase and NKCC1 protein concentration caused by sevoflurane. Further, sevoflurane anaesthesia causes intracellular calcium overload, increases the expression of CaN and induces the dephosphorylation of Drp‐1 protein at ser637, while CaN inhibitor FK506 pretreatment could reduce the dephosphorylation of Drp‐1. Therefore, the WNK1/NKCC1/Ca2+/Drp‐1 signalling pathway plays an important role in sevoflurane‐related neurotoxicity. Reducing intracellular calcium influx may be one of the important mechanism to ameliorate sevoflurane toxicity.
Decision‐making modes regarding the inclusive dilemmas of students with educational challenges in mainstream classrooms
Authors: Shauli Sophie , Heiman Tali , Olenik‐Shemesh Dorit 
Published: February 2023

In the last 20 years, increasing numbers of students with educational challenges (SECs) have been included in mainstream schools. Inclusion creates complex classroom situations for mainstream teachers who need to have excellent decision‐making skills and the ability to face and resolve ethical dilemmas. College students and pre and in‐service teachers were asked about their attitudes towards SEC inclusion, as well as three open‐ended dilemmas during vignettes depicting challenging situations in inclusive class forcing decision‐making. An online closed and open‐ended questionnaire was administered (n = 489). The analysis revealed significant differences in the type of solution to these dilemmas in the three groups. There was a significant interaction between high sensitivity to the feelings of the inclusive students and the participants' overall tendency to support the inclusion of the SECs, positive attitudes towards inclusion, low expression of stigma and a higher sense of self‐efficacy. Implications and practical offers are discussed.
Physician patient sharing relationships within insurance plan networks
Authors: Graves John A. , Lee Dennis , Leszinsky Lena , Nshuti Leonce , Nikpay Sayeh , Richards Michael , Buntin Melinda B. , Polsky Daniel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify shared patient relationships between primary care physicians (PCPs) and cardiologists and oncologists and the degree to which those relationships were captured within insurance networks.Data SourcesSecondary analysis of Vericred data on physician networks, CareSet data on physicians' shared Medicare patients, and insurance plan attributes from Health Insurance Compare. Data validation exercises used data from Physician Compare and IQVIA.Study DesignCross‐sectional study of the PCP‐to‐specialist in‐network shared patient percentage (primary outcome). We also categorized networks by insurance market segment (Medicare Advantage [MA], Medicaid managed care, small‐group or individually purchased), insurance plan type, and network breadth.Data ExtractionWe analyzed data on 219,982 PCPs, 29,400 cardiologists, and 22,745 oncologists who, in 2021, accepted MA (n = 941 networks), Medicaid managed care (n = 293), and individually‐purchased (n = 332) and small‐group (n = 501) plans.Principal FindingsNetworks captured, on average, 64.6% of PCP‐cardiology shared patient ties, and 61.8% of PCP‐oncologist ties. Less than half of in‐network ties (44.5% and 38.9%, respectively) were among physicians with a common organizational affiliation. After adjustment for network breadth, we found no evidence of differences in the shared patient percentage across insurance market segments or networks of different types (p‐value >0.05 for all comparisons). An exception was among national versus local and regional networks, where we found that national plans captured fewer shared patient ties, particularly among the narrowest networks (58.4% for national networksvs. 64.7% for local and regional networks for PCP‐cardiology).ConclusionsGiven recent trends toward narrower networks, our findings underscore the importance of incorporating additional and nuanced measures of network composition to aid plan selection (for patients) and to guide regulatory oversight.
The price‐to‐rent ratio: A macroprudential application
Authors: Gilbukh Sonia , Haughwout Andrew , Landau Rebecca J. , Tracy Joseph 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe examine the potential for the price‐to‐rent ratio to be used as a macroprudential tool. In addition to using standardized appraisal methods, appraisers could estimate the current market rent for a property. The resulting price‐to‐rent ratio would provide a useful signal for speculative pressures. We show this by estimating price‐to‐rent ratios using the American Housing Survey. The distribution of price‐to‐rent ratios shifted up dramatically during the housing boom with the 75th and 95th percentile reaching a historic peak in 2006 at 22 and 44, respectively. We propose a lending policy that incorporates the price‐to‐rent ratio to generate countercyclical loan‐to‐value ratios.
Heat and let dye: Part II – Rapid heat‐fixing of blood traces
Authors: Grimberg Ziv , Zinger Alex , Mero On , Sirota Noam , Wiesner Sarena 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBlood‐contaminated shoeprints and footmarks contain valuable operational information as they may bind an individual who stepped in the crime scene with the incident and not merely with the location. As determining the age of a bloodstain remains a challenge, while processing the scene, it is difficult to determine whether the blood is completely, or partially, dry. Thus, executing a dye staining protocol may wash these marks away as they might still be soluble. However, to meet this challenge, it is possible to fix blood marks using heat. This study aims to find a solution for floor surfaces covered by heavier blood traces (shoeprints and footmarks). For this purpose, a new pseudo‐operating device was constructed for examining the blood‐fixing process of both mentioned trace types. Two trials were performed with depletion marks. The results revealed that fully developed fresh and heavily blood deposits were obtained by heating to 200°C for 7.5 min using the fixing device, followed by a staining protocol using amido black solution. The achieved sharp resolution of the examined bloody prints demonstrates that in certain cases the dehydration mechanism of heating is preferred over precipitating the proteins attributed to 5‐sulfosalycilic acid; thus, reducing the risk of washing blood evidence while processing the crime scene.
Remnant cholesterol is independently associated with diabetes, even if the traditional lipid is at the appropriate level: A report from the REACTION study
Authors: Li Binqi , Zhou Xin , Wang Weiqing , Gao Zhengnan , Yan Li , Qin Guijun , Tang Xulei , Wan Qin , Chen Lulu , Luo Zuojie , Ning Guang , Mu Yiming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe association between remnant cholesterol (RC) and diabetes remains unclear because of limited study and data. This study attempted to explore the association between RC and diabetes in a large sample, multicenter general population.MethodsThe current study included 36 684 participants from eight provinces across China. Subjects were quartered according to the RC quartile. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between RC and diabetes.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounding factors, RC was still significantly associated with diabetes (Q4: odds ratio [OR]:1.147, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.049–1.254, p = .003). In addition, RC and diabetes were still significantly associated when triglycerides (TG) were <1.7 mmol/L (Q4: OR: 1.155, 95% CI: 1.005–1.327, p = .042), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) <3.4 mmol/L (Q4: OR: 1.130, 95% CI: 1.011–1.264, p = .032), or HDL‐C (high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol) ≥1.0 mmol/L (Q4: OR: 1.116, 95% CI: 1.007–1.237, p = .037). In the stratification analysis, elevated RC was significantly associated with diabetes in subjects with systolic blood pressure (SBP) <140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) <90 mm Hg, 60 ≤ estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≤90 ml/min per 1.73 m2, younger than 55 years old and female.ConclusionIn the Chinese community, RC is significantly correlated with diabetes, even when TG, LDL‐C, or HDL‐C were controlled within the appropriate range recommended by the guidelines.
The effect of a pharmaceutical ghrelin agonist on lifespan in C57BL/6J male mice: A controlled experiment
Authors: Kaiser Kathryn A. , Kadish Inga , van Groen Thomas , Smith Daniel L. , Dickinson Stephanie , Henschel Beate , Parker Erik S. , Brown Andrew W. , Allison David B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInterventions for animal lifespan extension like caloric restriction (CR) have identified physiologic and biochemical pathways related to hunger and energy‐sensing status as possible contributors, but mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Prior studies using ghrelin agonists show greater food intake but no effect on lifespan in rodent models. This experiment in male C57BL/6J mice tested the influence of ghrelin agonism for perceived hunger, in the absence of CR, on longevity. Mice aged 4 weeks were allowed to acclimate for 2 weeks prior to being assigned (N = 60/group). Prior to lights off daily (12:12 cycle), animals were fed a ghrelin agonist pill (LY444711; Eli Lilly) or a placebo control (Ctrl) until death. Treatment (GhrAg) animals were pair‐fed daily based on the group mean food intake consumed by Ctrl (ad libitum feeding) the prior week. Results indicate an increased lifespan effect (log‐rank p = 0.0032) for GhrAg versus placebo Ctrl, which weighed significantly more than GhrAg (adjusted for baseline weight). Further studies are needed to determine the full scope of effects of this ghrelin agonist, either directly via increased ghrelin receptor signaling or indirectly via other hypothalamic, systemic, or tissue‐specific mechanisms.
Emerging and Near Future Challenges of Higher Education in East Asia
Authors: Horta Hugo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractContinuing the advances made in the later parts of the 20th century, East Asian economies and their higher education systems rapidly evolved in the first two decades of the twenty‐first century. Most East Asian countries are categorized as advanced economies with developed societies; however, issues such as aging populations, debt levels, and decreasing salary premiums for education are becoming increasingly apparent. Many of the higher education systems have reached or will soon reach a peak of massification, and a new set of challenges may emerge. In addition to ongoing challenges, for example, the need to foster further equity and internationalization, this study identifies three emergent or near future challenges for policymakers and higher education institution strategists to reflect on: the need to consolidate the system in view of decreasing enrollments; the need to reform higher education institutions to cope with potentially decreasing resources and the emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and automation; and the need to realign academic research systems to ensure that the knowledge produced is more sustainable, collaborative, and meaningful.
Talk May Be Cheap, but Deeds Seldom Cheat: On Political Liberalism and the Assurance Problem
Authors: Wong Baldwin , Li Man‐Kong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn a well‐ordered society, democratic officials face an assurance problem. They want to ensure that others will act reasonably when they do the same. According to political liberals, public reason can solve this problem, but the details of how assurance is generated are unclear. This article explains the assurance mechanism in political liberalism. Apart from public reason, mutual assurance is also provided by a long‐term record of civic deeds. By performing civic deeds over time, officials signal their reasonableness to each other. This record of civic deeds is costly to unreasonable officials and thus represents a reliable way to differentiate trustworthy fellows from others. The article also shows that a recent critique of political liberalism, which argues that public reason is merely cheap talk and thus political liberalism fails to provide mutual assurance, misses the point. It overlooks that assurance is created through talks and deeds together.
Stage, treatment and survival of low‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma in the Netherlands: A nationwide study
Authors: De Decker Koen , Wenzel Hans H. B. , Bart Joost , van der Aa Maaike A. , Kruitwagen Roy F. P. M. , Nijman Hans W. , Kruse Arnold‐Jan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionSerous ovarian carcinomas constitute the largest group of epithelial ovarian cancer (60%–75%) and are further classified into high‐ and low‐grade serous carcinoma. Low‐grade serous carcinoma (LGSC) is a relatively rare subtype (approximately 5% of serous carcinomas) and epidemiologic studies of large cohorts are scarce. With the present study we aimed to report trends in stage, primary treatment and relative survival of LGSC of the ovary in a large cohort of patients in an effort to identify opportunities to improve clinical practice and outcome of this relatively rare disease.Material and MethodsPatients diagnosed with LGSC between 2000 and 2019 were identified from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (n = 855). Trends in FIGO stages and primary treatment were analyzed with the Cochran–Armitage trend test, and differences in and trends of 5‐year relative survival were analyzed using multivariable Poisson regression.ResultsOver time, LGSC was increasingly diagnosed as stage III (39.9%–59.0%) and IV disease (5.7%–14.4%) and less often as stage I (34.6%–13.5%; p < 0.001). Primary debulking surgery was the most common strategy (76.2%), although interval debulking surgery was preferred more often over the years (10.6%–31.1%; p < 0.001). Following primary surgery, there was >1 cm residual disease in only 15/252 patients (6%), compared with 17/95 patients (17.9%) after interval surgery. Full cohort 5‐year survival was 61% and survival after primary debulking surgery was superior to the outcome following interval debulking surgery (60% vs 34%). Survival following primary debulking surgery without macroscopic residual disease (73%) was better compared with ≤1 cm (47%) and >1 cm residual disease (22%). Survival following interval debulking surgery without macroscopic residual disease (51%) was significantly higher than after >1 cm residual disease (24%). Except FIGO stage II (85%–92%), survival did not change significantly over time.ConclusionsOver the years, LGSC has been diagnosed as FIGO stage III and stage IV disease more often and interval debulking surgery has been increasingly preferred over primary debulking in these patients. Relative survival did not change over time (except for stage II) and worse survival outcomes after interval debulking surgery were observed. The results support the common recommendation to perform primary debulking surgery in patients eligible for primary surgery.
Randomised clinical trial: Safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of zastaprazan (JP‐1366), a novel potassium‐competitive acid blocker, in healthy subjects
Authors: Hwang Inyoung , Ji Sang Chun , Oh Jaeseong , Kim Hyojin , Cha Hyunju , Kim John , Lee Chang‐Seok , Yu Kyung‐Sang , Lee SeungHwan 
Published: February 2023

SummaryBackgroundZastaprazan (JP‐1366) is a novel potassium‐competitive acid blocker with favourable preclinical safety and efficacy profile being developed for the treatment of acid‐related diseases.AimsTo investigate the safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of zastaprazan.MethodsA randomised, open‐label, placebo‐ and active‐controlled, single and multiple ascending dose clinical trial was conducted in healthy Korean male subjects. Intragatric pH and serum gastrin were measured to assess the pharmacodynamics, while serial blood and urine samples were collected to assess the pharmacokinetics. Pharmacogenomic evaluation was conducted to explore genetic variants, which can affect the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Safety and tolerability including hepatotoxicity were evaluated.ResultsSuppression of gastric acid secretion increased as the dose of zastaprazan increased. The percentage of time that gastric pH was over 4 (%Time pH >4) with zastaprazan 20 mg (85.19%) and 40 mg (91.84%) were similar to or greater than that with esomeprazole 40 mg (72.06%). Zastaprazan was rapidly absorbed within 2 h and eliminated with a half‐life of 6–10 h. Pharmacogenomic analysis found no genetic variant of drug metabolising enzymes including CYP2C19 or drug transporters associated with the exposure of zastaprazan. Zastaprazan was well tolerated with no clinically significant changes in safety and tolerability assessments.ConclusionsZastaprazan was safe and well tolerated after a single oral dose up to 60 mg and multiple oral doses up to 40 mg. It also showed rapid, potent suppression of gastric acid secretion. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile of zastaprazan was suitable for treatment of patients with acid‐related diseases.
Plasma protein and venous thromboembolism: prospective cohort and mendelian randomisation analyses
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Titova Olga E. , Zhang Ke , Gou Wanglong , Schillemans Tessa , Natarajan Pradeep , Chen Jie , Li Xue , Åkesson Agneta , Bruzelius Maria , Klarin Derek , Damrauer Scott M. , Larsson Susanna C. 
Published: February 2023

SummaryWe conducted cohort and Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses to examine the associations of circulating proteins with risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) to provide evidence basis for disease prevention and drug development. Cohort analysis was performed in 11 803 participants without baseline VTE. Cox regression was used to estimate the associations between 257 proteins and VTE risk. A machine‐learning model was constructed to compare the importance of identified proteins and traditional risk factors. Genetic association data on VTE were obtained from a genome‐wide meta‐analysis (26 066 cases and 624 053 controls) and FinnGen (14 454 cases and 294 700 controls). The cohort analysis, including 353 incident VTE cases diagnosed during a 6.6‐year follow‐up, identified 21 proteins associated with VTE risk after false discovery rate correction. The machine‐learning model indicated that body mass index and von Willebrand factor (vWF) made the same as well as most of the contributions to the overall model prediction. MR analysis found that genetically predicted levels of vWF, SERPINE1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, known as PAI‐1), EPHB4 (ephrin type‐B receptor 4), TYRO3 (tyrosine‐protein kinase receptor TYRO3), TNFRSF11A (tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11A), and BOC (brother of CDO) were causally associated with VTE risk.
Mixture‐modelling‐based Bayesian MH‐RM algorithm for the multidimensional 4PLM
Authors: Guo Shaoyang , Chen Yanlei , Zheng Chanjin , Li Guiyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSeveral recent works have tackled the estimation issue for the unidimensional four‐parameter logistic model (4PLM). Despite these efforts, the issue remains a challenge for the multidimensional 4PLM (M4PLM). Fu et al. (2021) proposed a Gibbs sampler for the M4PLM, but it is time‐consuming. In this paper, a mixture‐modelling‐based Bayesian MH‐RM (MM‐MH‐RM) algorithm is proposed for the M4PLM to obtain the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates. In a comparison of the MM‐MH‐RM algorithm to the original MH‐RM algorithm, two simulation studies and an empirical example demonstrated that the MM‐MH‐RM algorithm possessed the benefits of the mixture‐modelling approach and could produce more robust estimates with guaranteed convergence rates and fast computation. The MATLAB codes for the MM‐MH‐RM algorithm are available in the online appendix.
Toward an Atlas of Canonical Cognitive Mechanisms
Authors: Pirrone Angelo , Tsetsos Konstantinos 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA central goal in Cognitive Science is understanding the mechanisms that underlie cognition. Here, we contend that Cognitive Science, despite intense multidisciplinary efforts, has furnished surprisingly few mechanistic insights. We attribute this slow mechanistic progress to the fact that cognitive scientists insist on performing underdetermined exercises, deriving overparametrized mechanistic theories of complex behaviors and seeking validation of these theories to the elusive notions of optimality and biological plausibility. We propose that mechanistic progress in Cognitive Science will accelerate once cognitive scientists start focusing on simpler explananda that will enable them to chart an atlas of elementary cognitive operations. Looking forward, the next challenge for Cognitive Science will be to understand how these elementary cognitive processes are pieced together to explain complex behavior.