bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidirectional pharmacological effects of saponins in light of clinical trials: a systematic review of literature
Authors: Galas Adam , Niemiec Rafał , Matysek Mikołaj , Olszanicka Anna , Kołodziejczyk Kacper , Hop Izabela , Branewska Justyna , Ostrowska Barbara , Imioło Jan , Maciąg Anna 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Saponins are secondary metabolites widely distributed in higher plants with multidirectional pharmacological effects. We distinguish between steroidal and triterpenoidal saponins, which are composed of glycone and aglycone. The varied medicinal properties of saponins are influenced by the presence of different substituents in the polycyclic aglycone, e.g. hydroxyls, hydroxymethyls, carboxyls and acyl groups, as well as the difference in bonding, composition and number of sugar chains. It is noteworthy that foods rich in these compounds can reduce the risk of developing various diseases, and the isolation of these compounds from the plant matrix provides new opportunities to create potential and effective drugs.
Purpose of the work: Conduct a literature review on the basis of available clinical studies on the pharmacological effects of saponins extracted from medicinal plants and their potential application in medicine.
Materials and methods: The work was based on a literature review of available medical publications from clinical trials conducted for the multidirectional therapeutic effects of saponins. Reports available in publications and scientific studies posted in medical information databases such as Pubmed and Google Scholar were summarised.
Results: Clinical studies confirm the pharmacological effect of saponins in the treatment of sports injuries and trauma, type II diabetes, abnormal glycemic state fasting glucose, ischemic heart disease, pancytopenia and aplastic anemia.
Conclusions: With the advancement of scientific research on saponins, it is possible to use them to produce potential drugs and dietary supplements with pharmacological effects. However, before saponins can be used for medical treatment, further research on their efficacy and safety is needed.
Common orthodontic indices and classification
Authors: Mohan Ashwini , Batley Haris Ahmed 
Published: June 2023

An orthodontic index is a rating or categorizing system that assigns a numeric score or alphanumeric label to a person's occlusion. Indexing of malocclusions and their correction is important in epidemiology, diagnosis, communication between clinicians as well as with their patients, and assessing treatment outcome. Many useful indices have been put forward, but no one method appears to be equally suitable for the use of epidemiologists, public health programme planners and clinicians. This article describes the common clinical orthodontic indices and classifications used in the UK. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Readers can gain an insight into the advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used orthodontic indices and classifications in the UK.
Comprehensive management of a child with multiple dens invaginatus
Authors: Premathilaka LKN , Vasantha S , Herath EMUCK 
Published: June 2023

‘Dens invaginatus’ (DI) is a developmental anomaly of teeth, where an infolding of the enamel occurs into the dentine, creating a pocket or a dead space, as a result of the invagination of the enamel organ into the dental papilla prior to calcification. DI have been reported in 0.3–10% of the population. This case describes the comprehensive management of a 9-year-old child with multiple dens invaginatus. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Early diagnosis and early intervention of DI is important to avoid dental caries, pulpitis and pulp death.
Global incidence in hospital-associated infections resistant to antibiotics: An analysis of point prevalence surveys from 99 countries
Authors: Balasubramanian Ruchita , Van Boeckel Thomas P. , Carmeli Yehuda , Cosgrove Sara , Laxminarayan Ramanan 
Published: June 2023

Background
Hospital-associated infections (HAIs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Many HAIs are caused by drug-resistant bacterial pathogens, but there are major gaps in our understanding of the number of hospital-associated drug-resistant infections (HARIs) worldwide. As such, we estimated trends in prevalence of HARIs caused by high priority pathogens (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter spp., and Pseudomonas spp.) in 195 countries.

Methods and findings
Resistance prevalence estimates were extracted from 474-point prevalence surveys (PPS) from 99 countries published between 2010 and 2020 coupled with country-level estimates of hospitalization rates and length of stay. Prevalence estimates were transformed in yearly incidence of HARIs per year by country and income group. We estimate the global number of HARIs per year to be 136 million (95% credible interval (CI) 26 to 246 million) per year, with the highest burden in China (52 million, 95% CI 10 to 95 million), Pakistan (10 million, 95% CI 2 to 18 million), and India (9 million, 95% CI 3 to 15 million). Among income groups, middle-income countries bore the highest burden of HARIs per year (119 million, 95% CI 23 to 215 million). Our analysis was constrained by the limited number of PPS for HARIs, lack of community-associated data on antibiotic-resistant infections, and our population level analysis.

Conclusions
In this study, we observe, in the absence of systematic surveillance systems for HARIs, a baseline overview of their rates. Our yearly estimates highlight the global threat of HARIs and may help define strategies to tackle resistance in hospital settings.
Relationship between anthropometric and body composition parameters and anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG titers in females vaccinated against COVID-19 according to the heterologous vaccination course: A cohort study
Authors: Golec Marlena , Zembala-John Joanna , Fronczek Martyna , Konka Adam , Bochenek Aneta , Wystyrk Karolina , Botor Hanna , Zalewska Marzena , Chrapiec Martyna , Kasperczyk Sławomir , Brzoza Zenon , Bułdak Rafał J. 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionThe aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the relationship between anthropometric and body composition parameters and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers in a group of females who were vaccinated against COVID-19 with two doses of ChAdOx1 vaccine and then boosted with the BNT162b2 vaccine.Materials and methodsThe study group consisted of 63 women. Basic demographic and clinical data were collected. To assess the anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G titers following the vaccination, five blood draws were performed: 1) before the first dose, 2) before the second dose, 3) 14–21 days after the primary vaccination, 4) before the booster, and 5) 21 days after the booster. Blood samples were analyzed using a two-step enzymatic chemiluminescent assay. Body mass index and body composition were evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. To select the most distinguishing parameters and correlations between anthropometric and body composition parameters and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers, factor analysis using the Principal Component Analysis was conducted.ResultsSixty-three females (mean age: 46.52 years) who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. 40 of them (63.50%) participated in the post-booster follow-up. After receiving two doses of the ChAdOx1 vaccine, the study group’s anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers were 67.19 ± 77.44 AU/mL (mean ± SD), whereas after receiving a heterologous mRNA booster, the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers was about three-times higher and amounted to 212.64 ± 146.40 AU/mL (mean ± SD). Our data shows that seropositivity, obesity, non-fat-related, and fat-related body composition parameters all had a significant effect on the level of IgG titer after a two-dose vaccination of ChAdOx1. However, only non-fat-related and fat-related body composition parameters had a significant effect on the IgG titer after booster vaccination.ConclusionCOVID-19 infection before the first dose of vaccination is not related to IgG titer after booster administration. Body composition has a significant effect on the production of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG after booster vaccination in females.
كۆيە لە شاڵاوى ئەنفالى چواردا
Authors: عولا کۆسرەت اکرم , مەحمود هۆشمەند 
Published: June 2023

ئەم توێژینەوەیە، تیشک دەخاتە سەر ئەنفالی کۆیە و ناحیە و گوندەکانی، کە حکومەتی عێراق لە ٢٣ شوبات تا ٦ ئەیلولی ساڵی ١٩٨٨ شاڵاوەكانى ئەنفالی بە چەند قۆناغێک بەرامبەر بە گەلى کورد ئەنجامداوە، لە ٣- ٧ ئايارى ١٩٨٨ لە چوارچێوەی شاڵاوى قۆناغی ئەنفالی چواردا، هەمو گوندەکانی قەزای کۆیە بەر شاڵاوى ئەنفال کەوتون و لەگەڵ زەوی تەختکراون، هەندێک لە دانیشتوانی گوندەکانی (کڵێسە، گۆمەشین، کانی ڕەش)خەڵکەکەی لە گوندەکانی خۆیان دەستگیرکراون و کەوتونەتە بەرشاڵاوى ئەنفال، لە چوارچێوەی ئەنفالی کۆیە تاکە بەرگريی هێزی پێشمەرگە لە شەڕی چیای سیتەغار بووە، کە نۆ پێشمەرگە کوژاون، لە ڕۆژی 9ئايارى 1988يشدا کۆیە وەک یەکەمین شار لە کوردستان بەر شاڵاوى ئەنفال کەوتووە، خەڵکێکی زۆری هەمو گوندەکان کە پێشتر ڕویان لە شارەكە کردووە، لە ئەنجامی پشکنینی گەڕەکەکانی کۆیە و ماڵی سەرۆك جاشەكان دەستگیركراون، کە ئەو ڕۆژە بە ڕۆژی ڕەشبگیریيەکەی ئەنفال لە کۆیە ناسراوە، ئەنفالکراوانی سنوری کۆیە لە چەند وێستگەیەک کۆکراونەتەوە، پاشان بردراون بۆ تۆبزاوای کەرکوک و لەوێشەوە ڕەوانەی نوگرە سەلمان کراون، لە ئەنجامی ئەنفالی سنوری کۆیە ٨٥١ کەس بێ سەر و شوێن کراون ، بەوهۆیەوە کێشەیەکی زۆری ئابوريی، کۆمەڵایەتی، دەرونی بۆ کەسوکاری ئەنفالکراوان دروستبووە، کە تا ئێستاش کاریگەریيەکانی هەرماون.
Antagonistic Mechanism of Entomopathogenic Fungi Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, The Causal Agents of Banana’s Panama Disease
Authors: Listiyowati Sri , Rustiani Tya , Rahayu Gayuh 
Published: June 2023

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense merupakan cendawan tular tanah penyebab penyakit panama pada tanaman pisang. Agens hayati dari kelompok cendawan telah banyak dilakukan untuk mengendalikan penyakit tanaman. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi empat koleksi cendawan entomopatogen berdasarkan pada ciri morfologinya dan mengevaluasi mekanisme antagonismenya terhadap F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense IPBCC 19 1472. Galur cendawan entomopatogen dengan kode PS 4, PS 9, PS 11 berasal dari kawasan Situ Gunung, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat dan galur KRC berasal dari Kebun Raya Cibodas, Jawa Barat. Identifikasi cendawan dilakukan berdasarkan ciri morfologi pada medium agar-agar dekstrosa kentang. Mekanisme antagonistik diteliti menggunakan metode biakan ganda dan sebagai kontrol digunakan biakan tunggal F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap daya hambat cendawan entomopatogen dan pertumbuhan koloni F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Semua cendawan entomopatogen tidak dapat diidentifikasi secara morfologi karena tidak bersporulasi. Pertumbuhan koloninya lebih lambat daripada F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Semua cendawan entomopatogen menghambat F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense melalui mekanisme kompetisi ruang. Galur KRC memiliki aktivitas antagonisme paling besar, diikuti berturut-turut oleh galur PS 9, PS 11, dan PS 4. F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense membentuk klamidospora sebagai respons terhadap cendawan entomopatogen galur PS9 dan vakuolisasi ketika berinteraksi dengan tiga galur cendawan entomopatogen lainnya.
Multiplicity results for fractional Schrödinger-Kirchhoff systems involving critical nonlinearities
Authors: Fareh Soraya , Akrout Kamel , Ghanmi Abdeljabbar , Repovš Dušan D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this article, we study certain critical Schrödinger-Kirchhoff-type systems involving the fractional

p

p

-Laplace operator on a bounded domain. More precisely, using the properties of the associated functional energy on the Nehari manifold sets and exploiting the analysis of the fibering map, we establish the multiplicity of solutions for such systems.
An automated reading of semi-quantitative hemagglutination results in microplates: Micro-assay for plant lectins
Authors: Gulzar Haseena , Pervez Sidra , Nawaz Muhammad Asif , Ullah Rahim , Jan Tour , Kan Farhat Ali , Jan Asad , Zahoor Muhammad , Ali Essam A. , Umar Muhammad Naveed 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
An automated, qualitative and semi-quantitative micro-assay for the detection of plant lectins also known as phyto-agglutinins (glycoproteins; have exciting applications in medicines) is described as an alternative to conventional assays. The method developed in this work is based on hemagglutination (HA) assay that can simultaneously detect the presence and concentration (titer) of lectins in as many as 96 different samples without the aid of an expert eye. We used rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds for making clarified lectin extracts and Arabic gum as positive control in phosphate buffer saline; the method is applicable to all kinds and parts of the plants. Rabbit red blood cells were used in order to carry out the HA assay in a miniaturized experiment using U-welled microplates (MPs). 25 µL of plant extract is sufficient to carry out HA micro-assay at incubation temperature of 38°C for 20 min. The method was standardized with an expert eye and automated by using MP reader. Moreover, a standard curve for the direct interpretation of lectin concentration is also developed by conversion of absorbance values into titer. The method described will save time, material, labor, and simplify the rapid semi-quantification of plant lectins.
Creative and Research Segments of European Humanism: Development of a Single Cultural Space
Authors: Onishchenko Olena , Kholodynska Svitlana , Muratova Iryna , Myropolska Yevheniia , Ternova Maryna 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The relevance of the mentioned topic of research consists in the definition of the phenomenon “metamodernism”, which in modern humanitarian knowledge and in literary and artistic practice determines the need to distinguish and analyze “segments” of European humanism as means of in-depth reproduction. The main goal of this study, considering the creative and research potential of “segments” that contributed to the gradual layering of specific features of European humanism, is the reconstruction of “for” and “against” those processes that caused the development of a single cultural space. The basis of the methodological approach in this study is the principles of historicism with the assignment of analytical, comparative, and chronological approaches to the determination of a wide range of issues that are of significant importance in the context of the stated topic. The results obtained during the implementation of this research, and the conclusions formulated on their basis, are of significant importance in the context of determining the key trends in the recognition of the creative and searching tendencies of European humanism, which play an important role in the process of forming a single cultural space.
An Interview with Wei Ma on Audio Description Script Writing for Blind-Accessible Films in China
Authors: Deng Yunke , Ma Wei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Blind-accessible films offer blind and visually impaired individuals the opportunity of enjoying a cinematic experience alongside the rest of the audience. Wei Ma is a member of the China Film and Television Association of Higher Education Institutions. His book, How to Make Blind-accessible Films in China, provides an overview of the evolution of blind-accessible films in Europe and the United States, elaborates on the growth and development of blind-accessible films in China, and provides a comprehensive exploration of the theory behind audio description (AD) and AD script-writing methods for blind-accessible films. In this interview, Ma Wei elaborates on blind-accessible film AD script-writing skills from both practical and theoretical perspectives and discusses some creative rules, methods, and techniques in AD. This interview was conducted online in January 2022 and is based on the final interview transcript in Chinese, which Wei Ma confirmed in May 2022.
Out-of-plane uniaxial loading of paperboard: experimental procedure and evaluation
Authors: Robertsson Kristofer , Engqvist Jonas , Wallin Mathias , Ristinmaa Matti , Tryding Johan , Borgqvist Eric 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Development of three-dimensional continuum models for paperboard is an active field and the need for reliable measurements to calibrate and validate such models is evident. An experimental device and protocol for cyclic out-of-plane loading is developed. This loading sequence is present during converting operations of paperboard. The experimental tests reveals that the commonly observed soft initial non-linear response during out-of-plane compression is a structural effect that stems from the surface roughness rather than being an inherent material behavior. A gluing procedure, used to perform cyclic out-of-plane loading, is mitigating the effect of the surface roughness. Several novel cyclic loading experiments are performed, alternating between compression and tension which indicates that fiber bonds are not recovered in compression after they have been broken through delamination. Measurements also show that the transition in compression and tension is continuous, hence the use of a switch function present in a number of constitutive continuum models for paperboard is deemed questionable.
Regulations for food packaging materials
Authors: Amirullah Nur Amalina , Samsudin Mohd Hafif , Norrrahim Mohd Nor Faiz , Ilyas Rushdan Ahmad , Nurazzi Norizan Mohd , Jenol Mohd Azwan , Hawanis Husain Siti Nor , Gunny A. A. N. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Food safety and quality are essential concerns for consumers worldwide. One way to ensure that the food we consume meets these standards is through proper food regulation. While there are various aspects of food regulation, one critical aspect is the regulations for food packaging materials. As such, this book chapter has been written to provide an in-depth overview of the regulations for food packaging materials in different continents, namely Asia, Europe, and America. The chapter delves into several countries in each continent, such as Malaysia, Japan, Australia, China, the United States, and South Africa, and discusses their specific food packaging regulations. This chapter also emphasizes the importance of considering the composition, migration properties, and potential for contamination of food packaging materials. It highlights the need for regulations to ensure that food packaging materials do not adversely affect the safety and quality of food products. In light of the evolving food packaging industry, the chapter further underscores the need for continuous evaluation and improvement of food packaging regulations. This is crucial to keep up with emerging risks and new technologies that may arise and impact the safety and quality of food.
LaNiIn1–x
Sn
x
and CeNiIn1–x
Sn
x
solid solutions at T = 870 K
Authors: Nychyporuk Galyna , Dominyuk Nataliya , Muts Ihor , Zelinskiy Anatoliy , Pöttgen Rainer , Zaremba Vasyl 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The solid solutions LaNiIn1–x
Sn
x
and CeNiIn1–x
Sn
x
were studied by means of X-ray powder diffraction and EDX analyses in the full concentration range for samples annealed at T = 870 K. The limited solubility of the fourth component in the starting compounds with equiatomic composition, and the limits and the unit cell parameters of the solid solutions have been determined. The crystal structure of CeNiIn0.57Sn0.43 was refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data: ZrNiAl-type structure; hexagonal space group P

6
‾

$\overline{6}$

2m, a = 0.74213(10), c = 0.40825(8) nm, R
1 = 0.0155, wR
2 = 0.0303, 282 independent hkl reflections and 15 refined parameters. The existence ranges within the solid solutions are discussed.
TAX4U Pilot Trial: Addressing Material Needs in the Pediatric Hospital Setting
Authors: van den Heuvel Meta , Zaffar Nusrat , Shah Bindra , Brownstone David , Birken Catherine S. 
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE
Interventions to address poverty and food insecurity in pediatric hospital care have been scarce. Access to government support is based on the completion of taxes. Medical-financial partnerships are defined as novel cross-sector collaborations in which health care systems and financial service organizations work collaboratively to improve health by reducing financial stress. The objective of our pilot study was to assess the feasibility of implementing a “free tax service” within a pediatric academic hospital setting.

METHODS
A pilot randomized controlled trial “TAX4U” was conducted from November 2020 until April 2021 in the general inpatient setting of an academic pediatric hospital. Eligible families were randomly assigned to receive either “free tax services” according to the Canada Revenue Agency-funded Community Volunteer Income Tax Program (CVITP) or “care as usual.”

RESULTS
A total of 140 caregivers filled in the 8-question recruitment survey. We found that 101 (72%) families were not eligible to participate in the study. Reasons for ineligibility were not meeting CVITP criteria (n = 59, 58%), already filed tax (n = 25, 25%), and families did not sign the consent form (n = 17, 17%). Thirty-nine families were randomly assigned, with 20 (51.3%) families assigned to the intervention and 19 (48.7%) families receiving care as usual. Ultimately, 7 (35%) families received the tax intervention.

CONCLUSIONS
Offering free tax services may be feasible and reached vulnerable families in a pediatric hospital setting; however, the inclusion criteria of the CVITP program did not meet the needs of caregivers. Further research should explore offering a full-scope medical-financial partnership that meets the needs of low-income families in a hospital setting.
Safety and Tolerability of V114 Pneumococcal Vaccine in Infants: A Phase 3 Study
Authors: Banniettis Natalie , Horn Michael , Sadarangani Manish , Patel Shrita M. , Greenberg David , Oberdorfer Peninnah , Klein Nicola P. , Rupp Richard , Dagan Ron , Richmond Peter , Lumley Jessie , Zhou Wei , Shi Yaru , Tamms Gretchen , Feemster Kristen , Lupinacci Robert , Musey Luwy , Bickham Kara ,   V114-031 (PNEU-LINK) study group
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality in children. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are well tolerated and effective at reducing pneumococcal disease caused by vaccine serotypes. VAXNEUVANCE (V114) is a 15-valent PCV containing 13 serotypes in Prevnar 13 (PCV13), plus serotypes 22F and 33F. This large phase 3 study evaluated safety and tolerability of V114 in infants.

METHODS
In total, 2409 infants were randomized to receive V114 or PCV13 at 2, 4, 6, and 12 to 15 months of age. Safety was evaluated as the proportion of participants with adverse events (AEs). Solicited and unsolicited injection-site and systemic AEs were collected for 14 days after each study vaccination, and serious AEs up to 6 months after the last PCV dose.

RESULTS
The proportions of participants with injection-site, systemic, vaccine-related, and serious AEs were generally comparable between recipients of V114 and PCV13. The most frequently reported AEs were solicited, with irritability and somnolence being the most frequent in both groups. Although the incidence of some AEs was higher in the V114 group, the between-group differences were small. The majority of experienced AEs were of mild-to-moderate intensity and lasted ≤3 days. There were 2 vaccine-related serious AEs of pyrexia in the V114 group, and 2 nonvaccine-related deaths, 1 in each group. No participant discontinued study vaccine because of AEs.

CONCLUSIONS
V114 is well tolerated and has a generally comparable safety profile to that of PCV13. These study results support routine use of V114 in infants.