bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of kangaroo mother care in lowering postpartum depression in mothers of preterm and low birth weight babies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Anwar Farah , Warsi Arshia , Ahmed Jawad , Zaidi Butool , Turab Areeba , Khan Muhammad A. , Khan Khalid S. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Kangaroo mother care (KMC) intervention involves skin-to-skin contact between mother and infant. Some studies have shown a decrease in postpartum depression (PPD) in mothers of preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants. However, the literature is scattered and of variable quality.

Aims:
To conduct a systematic review of available literature and provide a comprehensive picture of the effect of KMC on PPD among mothers of preterm and LBW infants.

Methods:
The study was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Guidelines. After PROSPERO registration, a systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Central Library, and Google Scholar from the inception of the databases till 14 June 2021. Of the 2944 studies assessed for titles and abstracts, nine studies with 2042 participants were included in the review. Included articles targeted mothers with LBW (<2500 g) or preterm infants (<37 weeks), used an authentic PPD tool, and had standard care or an incubator as the control group. Studies not published in English and in which mothers had a previous psychiatric illness were excluded. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomized control trials and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for observational studies. All the results were converted to standard mean deviation and pooled together using a random-effects model with a 95% CI. A P-value of less than 0.05 is considered significant.

Results:
KMC Intervention was significantly associated with a lower depression score than control groups. The reduction in depression in the intervention (KMC) group was moderate: SMD=−0.38 (−0.68 to −0.08; 95% CI; I
2=86%; P=0.013). No significant difference was found between the PPD scores of both groups using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale score.

Conclusions:
The authors conclude that the negative effects of LBW and preterm birth experience on maternal mental health can be avoided to a moderate degree by KMC. Due to a lack of methodological uniformity, different scales for outcome measurement, and discrepancies in intervention features, significantly high heterogeneity was detected. The authors need further larger-scale studies with a uniform study design to better predict the efficacy of KMC better.
Effect of cementing technique on aseptic stem loosening in cemented primary total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hanif Muhammad , Arshad Naveed , Habib Yasir , Shami Ali Miraj , Rehman Obaid Ur , Rehman Muhammad , Reyaz Muddasir , Mumtaz Hassan 
Published: August 2023

Background and objective:
Aseptic stem loosening after total hip arthroplasty surgery is the commonest complication, whether stem is cemented or uncemented. The aseptic cemented stem loosening has been a challenging problem over the years and a leading cause for revision since the inception of total hip arthroplasty. The objective of systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the impact of cementing technique on aseptic stem loosening in total hip arthroplasty.

Methods:
Cochrane, CINAHL, Embase, Google scholar, Medline, PubMed were searched in 13 December 2020. Two independent investigators extracted the data and a third investigator’s involvement was reached on consensus. A total of 37 studies of revision rate due to aseptic loosening were reviewed by using fixed/random effects size and were grouped by cementing technique and studies’ characteristics. The data were analyzed through Meta-Essentials and RStudio.

Results:
In revision total hip arthroplasty, retained femoral components revisions rate due to aseptic loosening were recorded in 37 studies involving 6167 cases. Aseptic loosening rate collectively was 5.8% (CI 95%, 0.03–0.08) and mean follow-up of study was 12.5 years. The average follow-up period, mean age at index revision surgery and percentage of aseptic loosening were insignificantly associated with revision rate (P≥0.05), in meta-regression univariant analyses.

Conclusion:
This investigative analysis showed that there is a minimal difference between results of cementing techniques of total hip arthroplasty in femoral components in long-term follow-ups, and usually have a low risk of failure.
Use of eradication therapy in adjunction to periodontal therapy versus alone for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections: a mini review
Authors: Rahat Manahil , Saqib Muhammad , Ahmed Muhammad , Suleman Muhammad , Ismail Syed M. , Mumtaz Hassan , Khalid Hamna 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Approximately 50% of the human population on the Earth is estimated to be affected by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. which causes disease manifestations ranging from peptic ulcer disease to chronic gastritis to gastric cancer. It has been a struggle to contain this bacterium using conventional antibiotics due to rising antimicrobial resistance, which has made its eradication an even bigger challenge. Due to this major issue, scientists have ventured to use alternative approaches to bring about the eradication of H. pylori colonization.

Aim:
The main aim of this review was to update previous studies that investigated periodontal therapy’s effect on H. pylori eradication.

Method:
A systematic electronic search of the currently available research was conducted to identify all the relevant trials and original studies that compared the clinical effect of periodontal therapy in conjunction with eradication therapy.

Results:
The newly updated review of the literature did not change the conclusion previously reached and instead reinforced the fact with more power and more recent studies that the addition of periodontal therapy to eradication therapy for H. pylori is superior to the use of eradication therapy alone for H. pylori.

Core Tip:
The addition of periodontal therapy to the standard eradication therapy may be a clinically viable option and pave the way for tackling the H. pylori burden as well as aiding in the prevention of antimicrobial resistance to an extent, along with immensely increasing the efficacy of the standard eradication therapy for H. pylori that is currently in use around the world.
Hepatitis-E-induced cholestasis in a child: a case report
Authors: Pokhrel Sagar , Bhusal Amrit , Kumari Neelam , Bhattarai Himal Bikram , Banjade Aneeta 
Published: August 2023

Introduction and importance:
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of epidemic water-borne hepatitis in tropical and subtropical countries in areas with poor sanitary conditions. The infection by HEV in children is frequent but typically asymptomatic or manifested only as a very mild disease without jaundice, and usually, it often goes undiagnosed. In this case report, the authors describe a case of hepatitis-E-induced cholestasis in a child.

Case presentation:
An 8-year-old male child presented to a Pediatrics emergency with fever and features of acute cholestasis. On abdominal examination, there was non-tender hepatomegaly. The rest of the systemic examinations were normal. Ultrasonography findings were suggestive of acute hepatitis. The liver biopsy report showed hepatic cholestasis and hepatitis. The serological test for hepatitis E IgM was positive. The child was managed symptomatically.

Conclusion:
Although cholestasis is uncommon in children with HEV infection, it should be considered for non-improving clinical status in children with hepatitis. Also, patients with jaundice and Hepatitis E should be followed up by treating physicians until resolution occurs. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report from Nepal describing cholestasis in a child due to HEV infection.
Efficacy and safety of inhaled nitric oxide administered during cardiopulmonary bypass for pediatric cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Elnaiem Walaa , Mohamed Elnour Abdulhay , Koko Abubaker E.A. , Madany Maysa , Hemmeda Lina 
Published: August 2023

Background and aims:
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) utilized for cardiac surgeries has been associated with significant mortality and adverse outcomes. The benefits of incorporating nitric oxide (NO) into the CPB circuit have been reported in terms of reduced inflammation, enhanced dynamic circulation, oxygenation, and end-organ function. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of inhaled NO introduced to the CPB circuit among pediatric patients undergoing various cardiac surgeries.

Methods:
A systematic literature search was conducted on 26 July 2022, using the electronic databases of PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science to include randomized controlled trials, with no restriction regarding the date of study conduction. The quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane tool. RevMan 5.3 software was used to analyze data in the inverse variance method, with pooling data as mean difference (MD), risk ratio, and 95% CI.

Results:
Six trials were included comprising 1666 children who had undergone the interventions of interest. All studies amenable to assessment were of good quality. NO was significantly superior to the control treatments regarding ventilation time (MD=−8.34; 95% CI [−14.50 to −2.17], P=0.008), postoperative interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (MD=−0.50; 95% CI [−0.54 to −0.46], P<0.001), 24-h IL-6 levels (MD=−0.30; 95% CI [−0.32 to −0.20], P<0.001), and 24-h tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels (MD=−1.72; 95% CI [−3.44 to −1.00], P=0.05). The side effects of NO and the control treatments were comparable (P=0.9).

Conclusion:
NO administered as part of the CPB circuit during cardiac surgeries is efficacious in terms of reducing ventilation time, postoperative IL-6, and TNF-α levels compared to control, with a comparable safety profile.
Prevalence of childhood obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and its role in daytime sleepiness in Syria: a large-scale school-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Alchallah Mhd Obai , Safiah Mhd Homam , Belah Kajjoun Mohamed Motsem , Kalalib Al Ashabi Khaled , Ataya Sham , Mohsen Fatema , Bakdounes Duaa , ElHomsi Muhammad Omar , Alolabi Homam , Alistwani Dima , Alzein Andrya , Ayash Ahmad , Youzbashi Lamaat , Darjazini Nahas Louei 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) has become vastly conceded in the last decade as a possible reason for significant morbidity in childhood. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of OSAS among school children and to assess the interrelationship between OSAS and daytime sleepiness.

Methods and materials:
This cross-sectional study was conducted with 1029 children and adolescents aged 6–15 years attending elementary and secondary schools in Damascus, Syria. The questions involved 19 sleep problems items using the children sleep habits questionnaire, and 4 sleep disorder items (loud snoring, having snorts or gasps, breathing pauses, daytime sleepiness). Total sleep time (TST) was determined by sleep habits. Severe possible OSAS (p-OSAS) was addressed as having all OSA symptoms “frequently”, and mild p-OSAS was defined as having any of the symptoms “sometimes”. Severe and mild daytime sleepiness were rated as being very sleepy during the day “frequently”, and “sometimes”, respectively. Logistic regression was applied to predict risk factors of severe and mild daytime sleepiness.

Results:
The prevalence of p-OSAS was 22.2%, of them 15.8% were mild, and 6.3% were severe. p-OSAS was more recognized in males 15.2% children (P<0.05). Most p-OSAS children sleep less than 6 h of TST; however; the mean TST was significantly lower at the secondary school level (P≤0.001). Predicted risk factors for severe and mild daytime sleepiness were students’ grade level (P<0.05), severe and mild p-OSAS (P≤0.001), and TST less than 6 h (P≤0.001).

Conclusions:
A significant number of children have p-OSAS, affecting daytime sleepiness in school age. Physicians should consider loud snoring, and breathing pauses as marked symptoms of severe daytime sleepiness. Moreover, raising parents awareness about OSAS and daytime sleepiness is essential to ensure early access to primary care.
Primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a retrospective study in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Thang , Vu Thang Hong , Vo Hoan Quoc , Thi Nguyen Hoa , Van Nguyen Hung 
Published: August 2023

Background:Although primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (GI NHL) is a rare hematopoietic malignancy, it is the most common extranodal site involved by lymphoma. Treatment methods are chosen based on many factors, including site of lesion, histopathology, symptoms, and patients’ choice.Objectives:To evaluate the clinical characteristics, treatment results and prognosis for primary GI NHL in Vietnamese patients.Patients and methods:This was a retrospective descriptive study on 126 patients with primary GI NHL treated at our hospital from 2010 to 2015. Data of all patients were collected and analyzed.Results:B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma was the major pathology with rate of 93.7%, in which Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma type accounted for 58.7%, followed by Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma type 22.2%. Less common forms were cystic type, Burkitt’s lymphoma, Mantle cell, T cell. The majority of patients receiving chemotherapy achieved a complete response, up to 70%. Overall survival and 5-year disease-free survival were 74.1% and 59.3%, respectively. Overall, stomach lymphoma had a longer survival rate than those in the small intestine. Factors including Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score of 2–4, elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase levels at baseline, stage of widespread illness (III/IV), high malignancy histopathology, and lesion size of more than 10 cm were poor prognostic indicators.Conclusions:Gastric lesion was the most frequent site and has better prognosis than other locations. Other prognostic factors for overall survival included Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score, Lactate Dehydrogenase levels, stage, histopathology, and lesion size.
Utility of Serum Amylase in Children With Abdominal Pain in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Friend Rachel , Hash David , Rivera-Sepulveda Andrea 
Published: August 2023

Objectives
Abdominal pain is among the most common chief complaints seen in pediatric emergency departments (PEDs). This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic utility of amylase and lipase in the evaluation of abdominal pain in the PED.

Methods
Retrospective, cross-sectional study of patients aged 0 to 18 years with amylase and/or lipase while in the PED in 2019. Diagnostic utility of amylase and lipase was analyzed with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and likelihood ratio (LR). The χ2 or Fisher exact test was used when appropriate.

Results
We identified 496 PED visits with tests for amylase (0.2%), lipase (53%), or both (46.8%). Abnormal levels for amylase and lipase were 4.6% and 5.6%, respectively. Amylase use in abdominal pain evaluation showed sensitivity of 30%, specificity of 92%, PPV of 26%, NPV of 93%, and LR of 7.1 (P = 0.008). Lipase use in abdominal pain evaluation showed sensitivity of 7.5%, specificity of 94.5%, PPV of 10.7%, NPV of 92%, and LR of 0.251 (P = 0.616). Amylase at 3 times its normal level showed sensitivity of 10%, specificity of 99.5%, PPV of 66.7%, NPV of 92.2%, and LR of 6.35 (P = 0.012), whereas lipase showed a sensitivity of 5%, specificity of 99.3%, PPV of 40%, NPV of 92.2%, and LR of 3.9 (P = 0.048). Identification of a clinically significant diagnosis via coordering of amylase and lipase versus lipase alone was not significant.

Conclusions
Although serum amylase and lipase testing may be suitable for abdominal pain screening, the concurrent use of both does not seem to add any clinically significant value to diagnosis.
A dose-finding study to guide use of verapamil as an adjunctive therapy in tuberculosis
Authors: Padmapriyadarsini Chandrasekaran , Szumowski John D. , Akbar Nabila , Shanmugasundaram Prema , Jain Anilkumar , Bathragiri Marasamy , Pattnaik Manoranjan , Turuk Jyotirmayee , Karunaianantham Ramesh , Balakrishnan Senthilkumar , Pati Sangamitra , Agibothu Kupparam Hemanth K. , Rathore Manoj Kumar , Raja Jegadeesh , Raghu Naidu K. , Horn John , Whitworth Laura , Sewell Roger , Ramakrishnan Lalita , Swaminathan Soumya , Edelstein Paul H. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTInduction of mycobacterial efflux pumps is a cause ofMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) drug tolerance, a barrier to shortening antitubercular treatment. Verapamil inhibits Mtb efflux pumps that mediate tolerance to rifampin, a cornerstone of tuberculosis treatment. Verapamil’s mycobacterial efflux pump inhibition also limits Mtb growth in macrophages in the absence of antibiotic treatment. These findings suggest that verapamil could be used as an adjunctive therapy for TB treatment shortening. However, verapamil is rapidly and substantially metabolized when co-administered with rifampin. We determined in a dose-escalation clinical trial that rifampin-induced clearance of verapamil can be countered without toxicity by the administration of larger than usual doses of verapamil. An oral dosage of 360 mg sustained-release (SR) verapamil given every 12 hours concomitantly with rifampin achieved median verapamil exposures of 903.1 ng.h/ml (AUC 0-12h), similar to those in persons receiving daily doses of 240 mg verapamil SR but not rifampin. Norverapamil:verapamil, R:S verapamil and R:S norverapamil AUC ratios were all significantly greater than those of historical controls receiving SR verapamil in the absence of rifampin, suggesting that rifampin administration favors the less-cardioactive verapamil metabolites and enantiomers. Finally, rifampin exposures were significantly greater after verapamil administration. Our findings suggest that a higher dosage of verapamil can be safely used as adjunctive treatment in rifampin-containing treatment regimens.
A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Syncytiotrophoblast Membrane Extracellular Vesicles Derived Transcriptomic Biomarkers in Preeclampsia
Authors: Awoyemi Toluwalase , Zhang Wei , Rahbar Maryam , Cribbs Adam , Logenthiran Prasanna , Jiang Shuhan , Collett Gavin , Cerdeira Ana Sofia , Vatish Manu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPreeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific hypertensive disorder affecting 2-8% of pregnancies worldwide. Biomarker(s) for PE exists, but while these have excellent negative predictive value, their positive predictive value is poor. Extracellular vesicles released by the placenta into the maternal circulation, syncytiotrophoblast membrane extracellular vesicles - STB-EVs-have been identified as being involved in PE with the potential to act as liquid biopsies.ObjectiveTo identify differences in STB-EV and placenta transcriptome between PE and normal pregnancy (NP).MethodsWe performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) on placental tissue, medium/large and small STB-EVs from PE (n=6) and NP (n=6), followed by bioinformatic analysis to identify targets that could be used in the future for EV-based diagnostic tests for preeclampsia. Some of the identified biomarkers were validated with real-time polymerase chain reactions.ResultsOur analysis identified and verified the differential expression of FLNB, COL17A1, SLC45A4, LEP, HTRA4, PAPP-A2, EBI3, HSD17B1, FSTL3, INHBA, SIGLEC6, and CGB3. Our analysis also identified interesting mechanistic processes via an in-silico prediction of STB-EV-based mechanistic pathways.ConclusionsIn this study, we identified potential biomarkers and mechanistic gene pathways that may be important in the pathophysiology of PE and could be further explored in future studies.FundingThis research was funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC Programme Grant (MR/J0033601) and the Medical & Life Sciences translational fund (BRR00142 HE01.01)
Passive sensing data predicts stress in university students: A supervised machine learning method for digital phenotyping
Authors: Shvetcov Artur , Kupper Joost Funke , Zheng Wu-Yi , Slade Aimy , Han Jin , Whitton Alexis , Spoelma Michael , Hoon Leonard , Mouzakis Kon , Vasa Rajesh , Gupta Sunil , Venkatesh Svetha , Newby Jill , Christensen Helen 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTUniversity students are particularly susceptible to developing high levels of stress, which occur when environmental demands outweigh an individual’s ability to cope. The growing advent of mental health smartphone apps has led to a surge in use by university students seeking ways to help them cope with stress. Use of these apps has afforded researchers the unique ability to collect extensive amounts of passive sensing data including GPS and step detection. Despite this, little is known about the relationship between passive sensing data and stress. Further, there are no established methodologies or tools to predict stress from passive sensing data in this group. In this study, we establish a clear machine learning-based methodological pipeline for processing passive sensing data and extracting features that may be relevant in the context of mental health. We then use this methodology to determine the relationship between passive sensing data and stress in university students. In doing so, we offer the first proof-of-principle data for the utility of our methodological pipeline and highlight that passive sensing data can indeed digitally phenotype stress in university students.
Characterization of an extreme phenotype of schizophrenia among women with homelessness
Authors: Menon Jayakumar , Kantipudi Suvarna Jyothi , Mani Aruna , Radhakrishnan Rajiv 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies of schizophrenia and homelessness are often confounded by comorbid substance use. Women with schizophrenia and homelessness in India have very low rates of substance use and provide a unique opportunity to disentangle the effects of illness from that of substance use. We examined the clinical characteristics of women with schizophrenia and homelessness and compared it to an age-matched group of women with schizophrenia living with their family.Methods36 women with schizophrenia and homelessness, and 32 women with schizophrenia who were illness living with family were evaluated for psychopathology using Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS)/ Scale for assessment of negative symptoms (SANS) scales, cognitive difficulties using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA)/Rowland Universal Dementia Scale (RUDAS), and Frontal Assessment Battery(FAB), disability using World Health Organization - Disability assessment Scale (WHO-DAS) and psychosocial factors using a semi-structured proforma. The groups were compared using t-tests and chi-square for continuous and categorical variables respectively.ResultsWomen with schizophrenia and homelessness were found to have significantly higher scores on measures of psychopathology, significantly lower cognitive functioning, and much higher disability, and were also on higher doses of antipsychotics. The mean scores on measures of psychopathology, cognition and disability for women with schizophrenia and homelessness differed by 2-3 standard deviations with the mean for women living with family (i.e. z scores) suggesting that they represented an extreme phenotype. Rates of past employment were higher among women with schizophrenia and homelessness. Hence these differences were not accounted for by premorbid functioning.ConclusionsThe study raises the possibility of an extreme phenotype of schizophrenia with severe and persistent psychopathology non-responsive to dopamine blocking drugs, cognitive impairment, and disability, which needs further exploration.