bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GLP‐1 agonists for people living with HIV and obesity, is there a potential?
Authors: Zino L. , Tack C. J. , Richel O. , Burger D. M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and objectivesObesity trends and metabolic dysregulation are rising in people living with HIV using antiretrovirals (ARVs). Underlying causes and preventive strategies are being investigated. Two glucagon like‐peptide 1 (GLP‐1) agonists, liraglutide and semaglutide, were formerly approved as glucose‐lowering drugs and have been recently approved for long‐term weight loss in people with obesity. Due to the lack of therapeutic guidelines or clinical trials in people with HIV, we discuss the potential benefits, safety aspects and pharmacological considerations of prescribing liraglutide and semaglutide in people with HIV.ResultsClinical experience is limited to two clinical cases of diabetic people with HIV using liraglutide after which a successful weight loss and glycaemic control were observed. None of the adverse events associated with liraglutide and semaglutide usage indicate an additional risk for people with HIV. Extra caution showed be warranted when initiating GLP‐1 agonist therapy in people with HIV taking protease inhibitors who have pre‐existing risk factors for heart rate variability to reduce the incidence of RP interval prolongation. GLP‐1 agonists are metabolized by endopeptidases, and thus do not generate major drug–drug interactions with most drugs, including ARVs. GLP‐s agonists are known to inhibit gastric acid secretion, which warrants caution and close monitoring when combined with atazanavir and oral rilpivirine, two ARVs that require low gastric pH for an optimal absorption.ConclusionTheoretical considerations and a few available clinical observations support semaglutide and liraglutide prescription in people with HIV, with, thus far, no indications of concern regarding efficacy, safety or pharmacological interactions with ARVs.
The effects of trade liberalization on tax avoidance
Authors: Pan Rui , Zeng Dao‐Zhi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDoes trade liberalization aggravate tax avoidance? We build a three‐country model of tax competition consisting of two nonhaven countries and one tax haven in which goods are traded between the nonhavens and firms may shift profits to the tax haven. When the nonhavens cooperate, the reduction in trade costs does not change the degree of tax avoidance. In contrast, when the nonhavens do not cooperate, the equilibrium tax rates become higher, resulting in more tax avoidance. Furthermore, trade liberalization strengthens the tax competition between nonhavens, which further increases the tax‐avoidance activities.
Prognostic impact of the radiological infiltrative feature of primary renal tumor in metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Yamaguchi Yoshitomo , Tanaka Hajime , Kimura Koichiro , Fukuda Shohei , Fukushima Hiroshi , Waseda Yuma , Yoshida Soichiro , Yokoyama Minato , Hirakawa Akihiro , Tateishi Ukihide , Campbell Steven C. , Fujii Yasuhisa 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesRecent studies suggest that the radiological infiltrative feature (r‐IF) of renal tumors is strongly correlated with poor oncologic outcomes in locally advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This study investigated the prognostic impact of r‐IF of primary renal tumors in metastatic RCC (mRCC) in comparison with International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) risk model.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 91 patients with previously untreated mRCC. Dynamic computed tomography of the primary renal tumor was reviewed to assess r‐IF, defined as a focally/extensively ill‐defined tumor interface with normal renal parenchyma.ResultsThe median age was 67 years, and 69 patients (76%) were men. Prior nephrectomy was performed in 47 patients (52%). The median size of the primary renal tumor was 6.7 cm, and 50 patients (55%) presented with cT3–4 stage. Overall, 25 (28%)/52 (57%)/14 (15%) patients were classified into IMDC favorable/intermediate/poor‐risk groups, respectively. An image review identified r‐IFs in the primary renal tumor in 40 patients (44%). The incidences of r‐IFs were 28%/46%/64% in IMDC favorable/intermediate/poor‐risk groups, respectively. During a median follow‐up of 2.6 years, 31 patients (34%) died of RCC. On multivariable analysis, r‐IF and IMDC intermediate‐poor risks were independently associated with poor cancer‐specific survival (CSS). Two‐year CSS were 64%/87% in patients with/without r‐IF, respectively. C‐index was improved from 0.73 to 0.81 by adding r‐IF to the IMDC risk factors.ConclusionsR‐IF of the primary renal tumor was an independent risk factor for poor CSS in patients with mRCC, which may improve the prognostic accuracy when combined with the IMDC risk model.
βhCG mediates immune suppression through upregulation of CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid derived suppressor cells, CD206+M2 macrophages, and CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T‐cells in BRCA1 deficient breast cancers
Authors: Varghese Geetu Rose , Patra Dipyaman , Jaikumar Vishnu Sunil , Rajan Arathi , Latha Neetha R. , Srinivas Priya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBRCA1 mutation is reported in about 70% of all triple negative breast cancers (TNBC), while BRCA1 defect due to promoter hypermethylation is seen in about 30%–60% of sporadic breast cancers. Although PARP inhibitors and platinum‐based chemotherapy are used to treat these cancers, more efficient therapeutic approaches are required to overcome the resistance to treatment. Our previous findings have reported elevated βhCG expression but not αhCG in BRCA1 deficient breast cancers. As βhCG causes immune suppression in pregnancy, this study explored the immunomodulatory effect of βhCG in BRCA1mutated/deficient TNBC. We observed that Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines are upregulated in the presence of βhCG in BRCA1 defective cancers. In NOD‐SCID and syngeneic mouse models, βhCG increases the frequency of Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells in tumour tissues and contributes to macrophage reprogramming from antitumor M1 to pro‐tumour M2 phenotype. βhCG reduces the CD4+T‐cell infiltration while increasing the density of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+regulatory T‐cell in BRCA1 deficient tumour tissues. In contrast, xenograft tumours with βhCG knocked down TNBC cells did not show these immune suppressive effects. We have also shown that βhCG upregulates pro‐tumorigenic markers arginase1(Arg1), inducible nitric oxide synthase, PD‐L1/PD‐1, and NFκB in BRCA1 defective tumours. Thus, for the first time, this study proves that βhCG suppresses the host antitumor immune response and contributes to tumour progression in BRCA1 deficient tumours. This study will help develop new immunotherapeutic approaches for treating BRCA1 defective TNBC by regulating βhCG.
Enhanced electrostrains in PMN–xPZN solid solutions driven by a rather small electric field
Authors: Huang Yunyao , Shi Wenjing , Jing Ruiyi , Tran Nguyen‐Minh‐An , Zhang Haibo , Shur Vladimir , Wei Xiaoyong , Jin Li 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN) relaxors have gained a lot of interest due to their unusual dielectric relaxation and high electrostrictive electrostrain. However, the Tm (temperature associated with maximum permittivity) of PMN is lower than room temperature, which limits their future development of electrostrain and practical applications. In this study, we increased the Tm by incorporating a relaxor ferroelectric (FE) end member Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PZN) rather than a conventional high Curie temperature FE end member to create (1−x)PMN–xPZN solid solutions with x = 0.2–0.5. Their dielectric, FE, and electrostrain properties were systematically investigated. In x = 0.4 composition, we get a maximum electrostrain of 0.134% and an equivalent piezoelectric coefficient of 936 pm/V under a rather small driving field of 5 kV/cm. Furthermore, the electrostrain of the x = 0.5 is greater than 0.1% between 20 and 80°C, indicating its possible applicability in precision displacement actuators. Our findings not only clarify the electrostrain and electrostrictive properties of (1 − x)PMN–xPZN system but also show an innovative way to improve electrostrain properties by constructing relaxor–relaxor type solid solutions that can be applied to other FE systems.
How a Conversation Between EU Studies and Critical‐Constructivist IR Norm Research Illuminates a Union in Crisis: A Research Note
Authors: Speyer Johanna , Stockmann Nils 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHistorically, crises have been lauded for fostering European Union (EU) integration. Conversely, it has recently been predicted that the current ‘polycrisis’ will precipitate the EU's demise. However, this dichotomous perspective on crises is oversimplified. In this research note, we argue that a critical‐constructivist approach to norm contestation is uniquely placed to illuminate the shades of grey populating the continuum between these two extremes. As contestation effects may occur on both normative and institutional levels, a norm contestation approach has the potential to open the black box of crises by investigating the prerequisites, actors and processes of crisis and reminding us that these stages are linked in a circular way. Therefore, we argue that a conversation between EU studies and critical‐constructivist norm contestation research is crucial to advancing our understanding of the myriad effects crises have on the EU beyond the dichotomous distinction between integration and demise.
Resistance monitoring in field populations of Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Hubei Province to four insecticides in 2019–2022
Authors: Su Chunyan , Li Chengyue , Cai Tingwei , Xie Yuanli , He Shun , Ma Kangsheng , Wan Hu , Zhou Huazhong , Li Jianhong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChilo suppressalis is a highly destructive insect pest of rice crops. Chemical insecticides have been used as an effective method for controlling this pest. In this study, we evaluated the susceptibility of seven field populations of C. suppressalis from three regions in Hubei Province, China, to four different insecticides over a period of 4 years (2019–2022). Our results showed that the populations of C. suppressalis in these areas have evolved low to high levels of resistance to abamectin (Resistant Ratio, RR = 8.5–413.4). Furthermore, the field populations were susceptible to high levels of resistance to chlorantraniliprole (RR = 2.0–401.6) and showed moderate levels of resistance to triazophos (RR = 56.9–78.7) and chlorpyrifos (RR = 10.6–54.5). Correlation analysis indicated significant positive correlations between the susceptibility of abamectin and chlorantraniliprole and chlorpyrifos, as well as chlorpyrifos and chlorantraniliprole, and triazophos. This study provides valuable information on the current resistance status of field populations of C. suppressalis, which can aid in the judicious use of these insecticides and serve as an important reference for effective resistance management strategies.
Social innovations and drivers in flood early warning systems: A community‐based transboundary perspective from Elegu flood plain in Northern Uganda
Authors: Canwat Vincent 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEarly warning systems play significant roles in disaster risk reduction and management. However, a global picture of how they function on the ground, especially in developing countries, is lacking. This study assessed social innovations and drivers in the community‐based transboundary flood early warning systems in the Ugandan context. The study found that the community‐based transboundary flood early warning system generated three social innovations: new inter‐community relations, new community‐local resource relations, and new housing and bedding structures. New inter‐community relations were driven by the transboundary nature of the flood and kinship. New community‐local resource relations were driven by the lack of government support for the early warning system. New housing and bedding structures were driven by the uncertainty about the flood at night. The study confirms the importance of social market failure in driving social innovations and the role of community‐based flood early warning systems in promoting the utilisation of local resources. The effectiveness of transboundary early warning systems in extending lead time and reducing losses was also confirmed. However, the early warning system was found to be effective only during day time. The study, therefore, recommends government intervention in bridging the early warning system gap by installing telemetry.
Nerve sheath tumor in the forearm of a common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Kezar Sarah , Fowlkes Natalie W. , Hensel Martha E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTumors of the skin and subcutaneous tissues are uncommon in marmosets. In this report, we describe the gross, histopathology, and immunohistochemical findings of a nerve sheath tumor that arose in the left forearm of an adult female marmoset (Callthrix jacchus).
European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society 2023 guidance paper for functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour syndromes
Authors: Hofland Johannes , Falconi Massimo , Christ Emanuel , Castaño Justo P. , Faggiano Antongiulio , Lamarca Angela , Perren Aurel , Petrucci Simona , Prasad Vikas , Ruszniewski Philippe , Thirlwell Christina , Vullierme Marie‐Pierre , Welin Staffan , Bartsch Detlef K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis ENETS guidance paper aims to provide practical advice to clinicians for the diagnosis, treatment and follow‐up of functioning syndromes in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NET). A NET‐associated functioning syndrome is defined by the presence of a clinical syndrome combined with biochemical evidence of inappropriately elevated hormonal levels. Different hormonal syndromes can be encountered in pancreatic NET patients, including insulinoma, gastrinoma as well as the rare glucagonoma, VIPoma, ACTHoma, PTHrPoma, carcinoid syndrome, calcitoninoma, GHRHoma and somatostatinoma. The recommendations provided in this paper focus on the biochemical, genetic and imaging work‐up as well as therapeutic management of the individual hormonal syndromes in well‐differentiated, grade 1‐3, functioning NET with the primary tumour originating in the pancreas, and for specific subtypes also in the duodenum.
Vacuum and electromagnetic field in synergy for skin rejuvenation: A retrospective study on 217 patients
Authors: Laura Simona , Veronese Sheila , Alberti Giovanni , Bacci Pier Antonio , Beatini Annalisa , Fulgione Elisabetta , Urbani Claudio , Sbarbati Andrea 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere are many aesthetic treatments aimed at combating aging. In the most common and frequently used ones there are often side effects, albeit minor ones. However, sometimes it is necessary to use medications before or after treatments.ObjectivesTo evaluate the anti‐aging efficacy and application safety of a therapy based on the combination of vacuum and electromagnetic fields (EMFs).MethodsA retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the aesthetic effects of the treatment on 217 subjects. Before treatment (T0) and after the last session (T1), skin hydration levels, the amount of sebum present and the pH were measured. The presence of discomfort during the sessions and side effects at T1 was verified. At T1, the levels of satisfaction of the patients and of the doctors who performed the treatment were assessed. At 3 and 6 months of follow‐up the aesthetic results were re‐evaluated.ResultsFor all treated subjects, an evident qualitative improvement was observed in the quality of the skin of the neck and face, with an increase in tone and a reduction in wrinkles. The instrumental tests highlighted a normalization of skin hydration, pH, and sebum values. High levels of satisfaction at T0 and good stability of results up to 6 months of follow‐up were reported. No discomfort was referred during the treatment sessions, nor any side effects after the entire treatment.ConclusionsThe treatment that exploits the synergy between vacuum and EMFs is very promising given the effectiveness and safety of the technique.
Platelet‐rich plasma injections for the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Haddad Camille , Zoghbi Amine , El Skaff Emilsa , Touma Joseph 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to investigate and examine whether intra‐articular injections of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) after arthrocentesis are beneficial for the treatment of temporomandibular disorders, when compared to other treatments, such as injections of hyaluronic acid (HA) or saline after arthrocentesis.MethodsAn electronic search on PubMed was performed using combinations of the terms ‘temporomandibular’ and ‘platelet rich plasma’, to identify studies reported in English and published up until 2017. The initial screening identified 222 records, of which only seven fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Of these studies, three compared injection of PRP after arthrocentesis with the injection of HA after arthrocentesis, while two compared injection of PRP after arthrocentesis with Ringer's lactate after arthrocentesis and one compared injection of PRP after arthrocentesis to sodium chloride.ResultsFive of the studies found that PRP injections have led to significant improvements in mandibular range of motion and pain intensity up to 12 months after treatment, while the remaining two studies found similar results for the different treatments.ConclusionHowever, a standardized protocol for PRP preparation and application needs to be established.
Business dynamism, educational attainment, and residential location choice
Authors: Wertz Sydney Schreiner 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUsing individual‐level, geocode data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth's 1997 cohort, I ask whether business dynamism in local labor markets, defined as the rates of job creation and establishment entry, affects the location decisions of labor force participants, and I examine how effects differ for highly and less educated labor force participants. I find that a one standard deviation increase in business dynamism is associated with a 2%–4% increase in the probability a college graduate chooses a metropolitan statistical area and an 8%–15% decrease for high school graduates with no college experience. These results support recent findings documenting a decrease in responsiveness to local labor market conditions and suggest that incentivizing job creation in local labor markets may not be enough to offset the trend of declining internal migration in the United States.
Policy on sexual abuse: A survey study amongst managers of care facilities for individuals with intellectual disability in the Netherlands
Authors: Smit Manon J. , Scheffers Mia , Emck Claudia , van Busschbach Jooske T. , Engelsman Lara , Beek Peter J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIndividuals with intellectual disability living in a care facility are at high risk of sexual abuse. Formal policies on sexual abuse within these care facilities and their effective implementation are a prerequisite to reducing the risk of sexual abuse in this group. The present study aimed to determine the state of affairs in this regard in the Netherlands and identify areas of improvement regarding both policy formulation and implementation. An online survey was sent to the management boards of 129 Dutch care facilities for individuals with intellectual disability. Sixty‐nine managers completed the survey on behalf of their care facility. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the state of affairs regarding policies on sexual abuse. Areas of improvement reported by the managers were examined qualitatively by thematic analysis. Most care facilities complied with the national legal requirements on sexual abuse, which include the availability of a protocol on sexual abuse and mandatory reporting. It varied across the care facilities to what extent the protocols on sexual abuse are brought to the staff's attention and used in practice. About half of them provided no staff training on the protocol on sexual abuse, while nearly one‐third of the care facilities provided no organizational protective factors on sexual abuse, such as a special‐task official on sexual abuse, sexuality or sexual abuse department, or cooperation with the vice squad. Most areas of improvement reported by the managers pertained to the need for staff training and the improvement of practical use of policies and protocols on sexual abuse. In conclusion, the availability of policies and protocols on sexual abuse in care facilities for individuals with intellectual disability does not guarantee a caring culture in which these policies and protocols are implemented effectively, and in which sexual abuse is prevented and detected in a timely way.
Anti‐inflammatory and pro‐regenerative effects of a monoterpene glycoside on experimental periodontitis in a rat model of diabetes
Authors: Kuzu Turan Emre , Öztürk Kübra , Gürgan Cem A. , Yay Arzu , Göktepe Özge , Kantarcı Alpdoğan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivePaeoniflorin (Pae) is a monoterpene glycoside with immune‐regulatory effects. Several studies have already demonstrated the impact of Pae on periodontitis, but its effect on diabetic periodontitis is unclear. In this study, our aim was to test the hypothesis that Pae had a strong anti‐inflammatory effect that prevented bone loss in diabetic periodontitis.MethodsThirty male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into control (healthy, n = 10), periodontitis (PD) + diabetes (DM; n = 10), and PD + DM + Pae (n = 10) groups. Ligature‐induced periodontitis was created by placing 4–0 silk ligatures around the lower first molars on both sides of the mandibulae. Experimental DM was created via an injection of 50 mg/kg and streptozotocin (STZ). Hyperglycemia was confirmed by the blood glucose levels of rats (>300 mg/dL). The bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular number, trabecular thickness, and bone loss were measured by micro‐CT. The expression levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α were measured in tissue homogenates by ELISA.ResultsThe PD + DM + Pae group had significantly less alveolar crest resorption when compared to the PD + DM group. There was also a significant difference between the PD + DM + Pae group compared to PD + DM group in trabecular thickness, BMD, and the number of trabeculae. Pae application led to a statistically significant decrease in IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α levels in diabetic periodontitis.ConclusionSystemic application of Pae suppressed inflammation caused by PD and DM, leading to reduced bone loss and enhanced bone quality.