bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entwöhnung von der Langzeitbeatmung nach ARDS auf einer spezialisierten Weaning-Einheit – ein retrospektiver Vergleich von Patienten mit und ohne SARS-CoV-2 Infektion
Authors: Müller Tobias , Lennemann Pascal , Mannschreck Jan , Daher Ayham , Bergs Ingmar , Marx Gernot , Simon Tim Philip , Dreher Michael 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung Bislang sind nur wenige Daten über den Verlauf von Patienten mit COVID-19 im prolongierten Weaning vorhanden. Die aktuelle Arbeit vergleicht deshalb Patienten mit einem COVID-19-assoziierten ARDS (cARDS) mit Patienten mit einem ARDS anderer Genese (ncARDS), die aufgrund von prolongierter Beatmungspflichtigkeit auf einer spezialisierten Weaning-Station behandelt wurden.
Methoden Es wurde eine retrospektive Analyse aller Patienten mit prolongierter Beatmungspflichtigkeit infolge eines ARDS vorgenommen, die vom 21. November 2013 bis zum 23. Juli 2021 auf die Weaning-Station der Uniklinik RWTH Aachen aufgenommen wurden. Dabei erfolgte ein Vergleich von Patienten mit und ohne SARS-CoV-2-Infektion.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden im untersuchten Zeitraum n=129
Patienten mit prolongierter Beatmungspflichtigkeit aufgrund eines ARDS auf der Weaning-Einheit
betreut, davon n=38 mit cARDS und n=91 mit ncARDS. Insgesamt ergaben sich zwischen den Gruppen
in Bezug auf demografische Parameter, chronische Nebenerkrankungen, den Schweregrad des ARDS
und die Beatmungsdauer vor Verlegung auf die Weaning-Station keine wesentlichen Unterschiede.
Patienten mit cARDS wurden allerdings auf der Intensivstation häufiger mit Steroiden und mit
Lagerungstherapie behandelt. Bei Übernahme benötigten Patienten mit cARDS häufiger eine
Therapie mit Katecholaminen (cARDS: 42,1% vs. ncARDS 12,1%; p=0,0003) und wiesen im Vergleich
zu Patienten mit ncARDS eine geringere Urinausscheidung (cARDS: 1980 ml vs. ncARDS: 2600 ml;
p=0,0037) auf. Der weitere Weaning-Prozess verlief dann in beiden Patientengruppen ähnlich,
Komplikationen traten in ähnlichem Ausmaß auf und die Beatmungsdauer insgesamt und auf der
Weaning-Station war nicht unterschiedlich. Insgesamt verstarben 5 Patienten (13,2%) mit cARDS
und 15 Patienten mit ncARDS (16,5%) während des stationären Aufenthalts. Bei einem Patienten
war eine außerklinische invasive Beatmung, bei n=4 Patienten eine Langzeit nicht-invasive
Beatmung notwendig (alle in der ncARDS-Gruppe).
Schlussfolgerung Die Prognose bezüglich Entwöhnbarkeit von der invasiven Beatmung nach COVID-19-assoziiertem ARDS ist nach überstandener akuter Phase als günstig zu betrachten. Wesentliche Unterschiede im Weaning-Prozess zu Patienten mit einem ARDS anderer Genese scheinen nicht zu bestehen.
Extrapulmonale Tuberkulose: Therapie mit Hindernissen
Authors: Lüers Arne 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese Ein 37-jähriger Patient wurde aufgrund von seit 4 Wochen
bestehendem Fieber zugewiesen. Er berichtete über einen Gewichtsverlust, nächtliches Schwitzen
sowie unproduktiven Husten. Er hatte zur Fiebersenkung zunächst wiederholt Paracetamol und bei
fehlendem Effekt folgend Ibuprofen eingenommen.
Untersuchungen und Diagnose In der Aufnahmesituation sahen wir
einen übergewichtigen jungen Mann in deutlich reduziertem Allgemeinzustand mit Fieber. Im EKG
fiel eine Sinustachykardie auf. Laborchemisch zeigte sich bereits bei Aufnahme eine mäßige
Erhöhung der Lebertransaminasen. In der radiologischen Diagnostik wurde eine rechtszentrale
große Raumforderung pulmonal nachgewiesen, welche sich in der CT-Untersuchung als zentraler, die Gefäße
ummauernder, einschmelzender Tumor darstellte. Die weitere Diagnostik wurde im Folgenden durch
eine schwere, rasch progrediente und mit Blutungen einhergehende Thrombozytopenie
verkompliziert. In den Biopsien des Punktats aus der mediastinalen Raumforderung und des
Knochenmarks wiesen wir eine mediastinale Lymphknotentuberkulose und eine
Knochenmarksinfiltration durch eine Tuberkulose nach. Unter antituberkulöser Therapie kam es
zu einer akuten weiteren Verschlechterung der medikamentös induzierten Hepatitis, welche im
Zusammenhang mit der Thrombozytopenie mit einer kritischen klinischen Zustandsverschlechterung
des Patienten einherging.
Therapie und Verlauf Nach Umstellung der antituberkulösen
Behandlung und Einleitung einer Prednisolon-Therapie unter der Annahme einer D-ITP
stabilisierte sich der Zustand des Patienten. Wiederholte Thrombozytentransfusionen waren
erforderlich.
Folgerung Eine medikamentös induzierte Hepatitis ist eine unter
Umständen schwere Komplikation einer antituberkulösen Behandlung. In unserem Fall kam es
aufgrund der zusätzlich aufgetretenen, a.e. medikamentös induzierten Thrombozytopenie zu einer
kritischen Zustandsverschlechterung des Patienten. Eine rasche Therapieeinleitung und
Überprüfung der Komedikation sind erforderlich. Insbesondere bei persistierendem Fieber und
schwer reduziertem Allgemeinzustand sollte bei Patienten aus Hochinzidenzländern an seltenere
Manifestationen einer Tuberkulose und an eine Knochenmarksinfiltration gedacht werden.
Does club convergence matter? Empirical evidence on inequality in the human development index among Indian states
Authors: Nag Ajit , Pradhan Jalandhar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Human Development Index (HDI) is recognised as the most commonly used composite index to assess the socio-economic progress of a country. To preserve its pioneering role in development, there has to be a reduction in inequalities and cross-state convergence by adding a sustainable dimension. This paper investigates the convergence hypothesis for the HDI in 36 Indian states and union territories (UTs) from 1990 to 2019. For that purpose, the study used the club convergence technique of Phillips and Sul (2007) and Kernel Density estimates to assess whether states converge towards a single steady-state equilibrium or multiple groups. The paper also considers the relative performance of Indian states and UTs and the comprehension of inter-regional inequality in the HDI by employing the Gini and Theil indices. Using the Phillips and Sul technique, the results reveal that all the states converged into two final clubs (i.e., Club 1 and Club 2). The rate of convergence of HDI is approximately 0.112% for club 1 and 1.135% for club 2. The findings indicate that states with the lowest HDI converge faster than those with higher HDI. The kernel density estimates demonstrate that HDI stratifies, polarises, and becomes unimodal over time, albeit with a common steady state. Further, the Gini and Theil indices suggest a significant decline trend in HDI inequality across the Indian states and UTs from 1990 to 2019. From a policy perspective, the study recommends promoting regional development and reducing inequality, considering the unique convergence paths of the clustering states. The study’s findings could provide the government with a new perspective on attaining “horizontal equity” in HDI across Indian states and UTs.
Structure–transport correlations in Na11Sn2SbSe12 and its sulfide solid solutions
Authors: Ramos Erika P. , Assoud Abdeljalil , Zhou Laidong , Shyamsunder Abhinandan , Rettenwander Daniel , Nazar Linda F. 
Published: January 2023

We report a new ion conductor—Na11Sn2SbSe12—as a possible candidate for a solid catholyte in composite cathodes for all-solid state Na-batteries, which exhibits a room temperature ionic conductivity of 0.15 ± 0.03 mS cm−1 and an activation energy of 0.39 ± 0.02 eV. The sulfide solid solutions of Na11Sn2SbSe12, namely, Na11Sn2SbS12−xSex (x = 1 and 6), were also investigated through a combination of Rietveld refinement against powder x-ray diffraction data and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to reveal the complex structure–property relationships governing ion transport in this class of materials. Meanwhile, broadening of the Na-ion diffusion pathways in Na11Sn2SbSe12 is expected to facilitate Na-ion transport compared to the sulfide-rich member of the solid solution, the opposite holds: increasing the Se fraction in Na11Sn2SbS12−xSex leads to a little change in the activation energy but a reduction in the ionic conductivity. We ascribe this to the lowering of the prefactor, σ0, in the Arrhenius relationship with increasing lattice “softening” as a function of higher Se content.
High pressure behavior of ethylene and water: From clathrate hydrate to polymerization in solid ice mixtures
Authors: Berni S. , Scelta D. , Fanetti S. , Bini R. 
Published: January 2023

Among the ice mixtures that can be found in our universe, those involving ethylene are poorly studied even though ethylene reportedly exists in the presence of water in several astrochemical domains. Here, we report on the chemistry of ethylene and water mixtures in both pressure (0–15 GPa) and temperature (300–370 K) ranges relevant to celestial bodies conditions. The behavior of the binary mixture has been tracked, starting from the ethylene clathrate hydrate and following its evolution through two different crystalline phases up to 2.10 GPa, where it decomposes into a solid mixture of water ice and crystalline ethylene. The pressure and temperature evolution of this mixture has been studied up to the complete transformation of ethylene into polyethylene and compared with that of the pure hydrocarbon, reporting here for the first time its spectroscopic features upon compression. The spectroscopic analysis of the recovered polymers from the ice mixtures provided hints about the reactivity of the monomer under the environmental stress exerted by the water network. The results of this study are expected to be significant in a variety of fields ranging from astrochemistry to material science and also to fundamental chemistry, particularly regarding the study and modelization of the behavior of complex mixtures.
Recent and future declines of a historically widespread pollinator linked to climate, land cover, and pesticides
Authors: Janousek William M. , Douglas Margaret R. , Cannings Syd , Clément Marion A. , Delphia Casey M. , Everett Jeffrey G. , Hatfield Richard G. , Keinath Douglas A. , Koch Jonathan B. Uhuad , McCabe Lindsie M. , Mola John M. , Ogilvie Jane E. , Rangwala Imtiaz , Richardson Leif L. , Rohde Ashley T. , Strange James P. , Tronstad Lusha M. , Graves Tabitha A. 
Published: January 2023

The acute decline in global biodiversity includes not only the loss of rare species, but also the rapid collapse of common species across many different taxa. The loss of pollinating insects is of particular concern because of the ecological and economic values these species provide. The western bumble bee (
Bombus occidentalis
) was once common in western North America, but this species has become increasingly rare through much of its range. To understand potential mechanisms driving these declines, we used Bayesian occupancy models to investigate the effects of climate and land cover from 1998 to 2020, pesticide use from 2008 to 2014, and projected expected occupancy under three future scenarios. Using 14,457 surveys across 2.8 million km
2
in the western United States, we found strong negative relationships between increasing temperature and drought on occupancy and identified neonicotinoids as the pesticides of greatest negative influence across our study region. The mean predicted occupancy declined by 57% from 1998 to 2020, ranging from 15 to 83% declines across 16 ecoregions. Even under the most optimistic scenario, we found continued declines in nearly half of the ecoregions by the 2050s and mean declines of 93% under the most severe scenario across all ecoregions. This assessment underscores the tenuous future of
B. occidentalis
and demonstrates the scale of stressors likely contributing to rapid loss of related pollinator species throughout the globe. Scaled-up, international species-monitoring schemes and improved integration of data from formal surveys and community science will substantively improve the understanding of stressors and bumble bee population trends.
High-performance infrared photodetection beyond bandgap limitation based on surface plasmon resonance in sub-stoichiometry molybdenum oxide nanostructures
Authors: Yu Yuanfang , Zhong Fan , Li Ruizhi , Cui Yueying , Wu Jianfeng , Zhang Jialin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
High-performance photodetectors in the near-infrared (NIR) regime are essential for many advanced applications, such as optical communication, intelligent driving, and imaging system. However, conventional photoconductive infrared detectors commonly suffer from slow response speed and narrow spectral response. Here, we demonstrate a high performance NIR photodetector based on plasmonic sub-stoichiometry molybdenum oxide (MoO3−x) nanostructures/graphene heterostructure. Empowered by surface plasmon resonance induced near-field enhancement in MoO3−x
and the subsequent hot-electron injection (HEI), a fast response time (rise time ∼6.7 μs, decay time ∼12.5 μs), high responsivity (3.3 A/W), low noise equivalent power (∼4.9 pW/Hz1/2), as well as wide response range from visible light to NIR is obtained at room temperature. The weak carrier–phonon interaction in graphene prevents the relaxation of injected hot electrons and enables efficient electron extraction. The response speed is nearly four orders of magnitude improved compared with other graphene-based hybrid devices with similar device structures. Moreover, the interfacial HEI breaks the bandgap limits of molybdenum oxide and further extends the response spectrum of the device to conventional band (C-band) of optical communication. Our proposed device architecture offers new strategy for developing high-performance infrared photodetectors.
Evaluation of silicone rubber-lead shield's effectiveness in protecting the breast during thoracic CT
Authors: Lestari Yulianti M , Anam Choirul , Sutanto Heri , Arifin Zaenal , Alkian Ilham , Suyudi Imam , Dougherty Geoff 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Radiation of thoracic computed tomography (CT) involves the breast although it is not considered an organ of interest. According to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) No. 103, the breast is an organ with a high level of sensitivity when interacting with x-rays, increasing the potential risk of breast cancer. Therefore, the radiation dose must be optimized while maintaining image quality. The dose optimization can be accomplished using a radiation shield. This study aims to determine the effect of silicone rubber (SR)-lead (Pb) in various thicknesses as an alternative protective material limiting dose and preserving the image quality of the breast in thoracic CT. SR-Pb was made from SR and Pb by a simple method. The SR-Pb had thicknesses of 3, 6, 9, and 12 mm. The breast dose was measured using a CT dose profiler on the surface of the breast phantom. The CT number and the noise level of the resulting image were determined quantitatively. The dose without the radiation shield was 5.4 mGy. The doses measured using shielding with thicknesses of 3, 6, 9, and 12 mm were 5.2, 4.5, 4.3, and 3.3 mGy, respectively. Radiation shielding with a thickness of 12 mm reduced breast surface dose by up to 38%. The CT numbers and noise levels for the left and right breast phantom images were almost the same as those ​​without radiation shields indicating there were only slight artifacts in the image. Therefore, SR-Pb is considered a good shielding material which can be pplied in a clinical setting by placing it directly on the breast surface for dose optimization.
Tracking the same fast-LGSO crystals by changing surface treatments for better coincidence timing resolution in PET
Authors: Kiyokawa Miho , Kang Han Gyu , Yamaya Taiga 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Achieving fast coincidence timing resolution (CTR) is an important issue in clinical time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) to improve the reconstructed image quality. One of the major factors affecting the CTR is the crystal surface treatment, which is often parameterized as surface roughness. However, previous studies on the crystal surface treatment optimization had two limitations of crystal-by-crystal variation and worse CTR over 200 ps. Here, we report the effects of the crystal surface treatment on the performance of a 20 mm long fast-LGSO crystal based TOF detector by tracking the same crystals in the sub-180 ps CTR regime. The light collection efficiency (LCE), energy resolution (ER) and CTR of the TOF detector were evaluated with six different crystal surface treatments of chemically polished (C.P), C.P half side roughened (1/2S) treatment, and then the C.P one side roughened (1S) treatment, mechanically polished (M.P) treatment, M.P 1/2S treatment, and M.P 1S treatment. The four lateral surfaces of each crystal were wrapped by using enhanced specular reflector film while the top surface was covered by using Teflon tape. The bottom surface of the crystal was optically coupled to a silicon photomultiplier. The timing and energy signals were extracted by using a custom-made high-frequency readout circuit, and then digitized by using a waveform digitizer. All the experimental conditions were same except the crystal surface treatment. Among the six different crystal surface treatments, the M.P 1S would be the optimal crystal surface treatment which balanced enhancements in the CTR (165 ± 3 ps) and ER (10.5 ± 0.5%). Unlike the M.P 1S, the C.P 1S did not enhance the CTR and ER. Hence, the C.P without roughening would be the second-best optimal crystal surface treatment which balanced the CTR (169 ± 3 ps) and ER (10.5 ± 0.5%).
Doping carbon electrodes with sulfur achieves reversible sodium ion storage
Authors: de Tomas Carla , Alabidun Sarat , Chater Luke , Darby Matthew T , Raffone Federico , Restuccia Paolo , Au Heather , Titirici Magda M , Cucinotta Clotilde S , Crespo-Ribadenyra Maria 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We present a combination of experiments and theory to study the effect of sulfur doping in hard carbons anodes for sodium-ion batteries. Hard carbons are synthesised through a two step process: hydrothermal carbonisation followed by pyrolysis of a biomass-derived carbon precursor. Subsequent sulfur doping is introduced via chemical-vapour deposition. The resulting sulfur-doped hard carbon shows enhanced sodium storage capacity with respect to the pristine material, with significantly improved cycling reversibility. Atomistic first principles simulations give insight into this behaviour, revealing that sulfur chemisorbed onto the hard carbon increases the sodium adsorption energies and facilitates sodium desorption. This mechanism would increase reversible Na storage, confirming our experimental observations and opening a pathway towards more efficient Na-ion batteries.
CONTRABASS: exploiting flux constraints in genome-scale models for the detection of vulnerabilities
Authors: Oarga Alexandru , Bannerman Bridget P , Júlvez Jorge 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Despite the fact that antimicrobial resistance is an increasing health concern, the pace of production of new drugs is slow due to the high cost and uncertain success of the process. The development of high-throughput technologies has allowed the integration of biological data into detailed genome-scale models of multiple organisms. Such models can be exploited by means of computational methods to identify system vulnerabilities such as chokepoint reactions and essential reactions. These vulnerabilities are appealing drug targets that can lead to novel drug developments. However, the current approach to compute these vulnerabilities is only based on topological data and ignores the dynamic information of the model. This can lead to misidentified drug targets.

Results
This work computes flux constraints that are consistent with a certain growth rate of the modelled organism, and integrates the computed flux constraints into the model to improve the detection of vulnerabilities. By exploiting these flux constraints, we are able to obtain a directionality of the reactions of metabolism consistent with a given growth rate of the model, and consequently, a more realistic detection of vulnerabilities can be performed. Several sets of reactions that are system vulnerabilities are defined and the relationships among them are studied. The approach for the detection of these vulnerabilities has been implemented in the Python tool CONTRABASS. Such tool, for which an online web server has also been implemented, computes flux constraints and generates a report with the detected vulnerabilities.

Availability and implementation
CONTRABASS is available as an open source Python package at https://github.com/openCONTRABASS/CONTRABASS under GPL-3.0 License. An online web server is available at http://contrabass.unizar.es.

Supplementary information
A glossary of terms are available at Bioinformatics online.
An instrumental variable method for point processes: generalized Wald estimation based on deconvolution
Authors: Jiang Zhichao , Chen Shizhe , Ding Peng 
Published: January 2023

SummaryPoint processes are probabilistic tools for modelling event data. While there exists a fast-growing literature on the relationships between point processes, how such relationships connect to causal effects remains unexplored. In the presence of unmeasured confounders, parameters from point process models do not necessarily have causal interpretations. We propose an instrumental variable method for causal inference with point process treatment and outcome. We define causal quantities based on potential outcomes and establish nonparametric identification results with a binary instrumental variable. We extend the traditional Wald estimation to deal with point process treatment and outcome, showing that it should be performed after a Fourier transform of the intention-to-treat effects on the treatment and outcome, and thus takes the form of deconvolution. We refer to this approach as generalized Wald estimation and propose an estimation strategy based on well-established deconvolution methods.
Partial-year continuous light treatment reduces precocious maturation in age 1+ hatchery–reared male spring Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Authors: Hoffman Nick F , Medeiros Lea R , Graham Neil D , Nuetzel Hayley M , Pierce Andrew L , Nagler James J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Hatchery programs designed to conserve and increase the abundance of natural populations of spring Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha have reported high proportions of males precociously maturing at age 2, called minijacks. High proportions of minijacks detract from hatchery supplementation, conservation and production goals. This study tested the effects of rearing juvenile Chinook Salmon under continuous light (LL) on minijack maturation in two trials. The controls were maintained on a simulated natural photoperiod for both trials. For trial 1, LL treatment began on the summer solstice 2019 or the autumn equinox 2019 and ended in late March 2020 (LL-Jun-Apr and LL-Sep-Apr, respectively). A significant reduction in the mean percent of minijacks (%MJ) was observed versus control (28.8%MJ) in both LL-Jun-Apr (5.4%MJ) and LL-Sep-Apr (9.3%MJ). Trial 2 was designed to evaluate whether stopping LL treatment sooner was still effective at reducing maturation proportions relative to controls. LL treatments began on the summer solstice 2020 and continued until the winter solstice (LL-Jun-Dec) or the final sampling in April 2021 (LL-June-Apr). LL-Jun-Dec tanks were returned to a simulated natural photoperiod after the winter solstice. Both photoperiod treatments showed a significant reduction in mean %MJ from the control (66%MJ): LL-Jun-Dec (11.6%MJ), LL-Jun-Apr (10.3%MJ). In both trials, minijacks had higher body weights, were longer and had increased condition factor when compared to females and immature males in all treatment groups at the final sampling. In both trials, there was little or no effect of LL treatment on fork length or body weight in immature males and females versus controls, but an increase in condition factor versus controls was observed. This study shows that continuous light treatment reduces minijack maturation in juvenile male spring Chinook Salmon and could provide an effective method for Spring Chinook Salmon hatcheries interested in reducing minijack production.