bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward Sub‐Terahertz: Space‐Time Coding Metasurface Transmitter for Wideband Wireless Communications
Authors: Liu Yujie , Wang Yu , Fu Xiaojian , Shi Lei , Yang Fei , Luo Jiang , Zhou Qun Yan , Fu Yuan , Chen Qi , Dai Jun Yan , Zhang Lei , Cheng Qiang , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA space‐time coding metasurface (STCM) operating in the sub‐terahertz band to construct new‐architecture wireless communication systems is proposed. Specifically, a programmable STCM is designed with varactor‐diode‐tuned metasurface elements, enabling precise regulation of harmonic amplitudes and phases by adjusting the time delay and duty cycle of square‐wave modulation signal loaded on the varactor diodes. Independent electromagnetic (EM) regulations in the space and time domains are achieved by STCM to realize flexible beam manipulations and information modulations. Based on these features, a sub‐terahertz wireless communication link is constructed by employing STCM as a transmitter. Experimental results demonstrate that the STCM supports multiple modulation schemes including frequency‐shift keying, phase‐shift keying, and quadrature amplitude modulations in a wide frequency band. It is also shown that the STCM is capable of realizing wide‐angle beam scanning in the range of ±45o, which offers an opportunity for user tracking during the communication. Thus, the STCM transmitter with high device density and low power consumption can provide low‐complexity, low‐cost, low‐power, and low‐heat solutions for building the next‐generation wireless communication systems in the sub‐terahertz frequency and even terahertz band.
The Optimized Catalytic Performance of Single‐Atom Catalysts by Incorporating Atomic Clusters or Nanoparticles: In‐Depth Understanding on Their Synergisms
Authors: Mo Fan , Zhou Qixing , Xue Wendan , Liu Weitao , Xu Shizhe , Hou Zelin , Wang Jianling , Wang Qi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe performance optimization of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) is important but remains challenging. Taking advantage of accompanying in situ formation of atomic clusters (ACs)/nanoparticles (NPs) during the preparation of SACs can be a promising solution. The coupled ACs/NPs and single atoms (SAs) can be highly efficient in catalyzing various reactions (e.g., oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), N2 oxidation reaction (NOR), etc), showing superior activity, selectivity, and stability. The mechanisms can be mainly categorized as ACs/NPs intensified SAs, SAs intensified ACs/NPs, and reactions proceeding on both ACs/NPs and SAs. The proposed mechanisms may be applicable to rationalize the excellent catalysts consisting of ACs/NPs and SAs. In the end, the existing issues and further development directions are put forward. This review is expected to simultaneously contribute to the development and application of highly efficient SACs and the in‐depth understanding of the single‐atom catalysis (SAC).
Mitochondrial sensitive probe with aggregation‐induced emission characteristics for early brain diagnosis of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Huang Liwen , Zhou Yutong , Jiao Di , Ren Jing , Qi Yilin , Wang Heping , Shi Yang , Ding Dan , Xue Xue 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) provides opportunities for early intervention to slow the progression of neurological degeneration in patients, particularly as the aging population increases in our society. Among a series of pathological features of PD, mitochondria abnormalities have been identified as central event that occurs at the early stage of PD. However, the method for detecting mitochondrial abnormalities‐associated early PD has not been fully developed. We herein report a specifically mitochondrial targeting probe (named TPA‐BT‐SCP) that is able to characterize mitochondria abnormalities for early diagnosis of PD and monitor PD neurodegenerative progress. The probe is an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) probe with a strong positive charge, a 3D distorted molecular structure, and a separated HOMO‐LUMO distribution, designed with unique molecular design guidelines. Our research demonstrated that TPA‐BT‐SCP could emit stable and strong fluorescence, and rapidly accumulate in mitochondria due to the negative charge. After intranasal administration of 1‐methy‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐induced PD mice, TPA‐BT‐SCP successfully bypassed the blood−brain barrier to light up the brain, allowing the grading of PD severity based on its high sensitivity. Taken together, this work develops a novel AIE probe that exhibits dramatically high sensitivity to mitochondrial changes and enables noninvasive diagnosis of early PD in the brain.
The impact of thawing duration on leptin and adiponectin levels in frozen human milk samples
Authors: Harries Victoria , Corley Margaret , Bribiescas Richard G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMeasurements of hormone concentrations in human milk from understudied populations across the world is of growing scientific interest. Due to limited access to suitable laboratory facilities at many research sites, human milk samples are often shipped frozen to distant laboratories for analysis. Shipping and handling exposes samples to the risk of thawing and degradation as the results of delays, mishandling, or other unforeseen circumstances. Similar degradation risk factors are well known in serum samples. However, the vulnerability of hormone degradation in human milk to thawing during transportation is largely unexplored. Leptin and adiponectin are of particular importance due to their roles in feeding behavior and metabolism in infants, hence our focus on these two hormones. In addition, leptin and adiponectin have been shown to be vulnerable to pasteurization temperature degradation in human milk samples.AimsWe tested the degradation of human milk metabolic hormones – leptin and adiponectin – in a controlled environment in response to a variety of freeze/thaw conditions that are reflective of potential temperature fluctuations during transportation.Materials & MethodsHuman milk samples were experimentally subjected to thaw durations ranging from 4 to 16 h and assayed for hormonal levels to observe changes from baseline. Samples were also subjected to two additional experimental conditions, re‐freezing after an extended period outside freezers or remaining thawed with additional ice packs, to investigate the impact of common transportation conditions.ResultsWe found the assayed levels of leptin were not significantly impacted by an extended thaw cycle of 16 h. However, leptin levels were impacted by the extended period of 40 h outside of the freezer. Adiponectin showed a decrease in concentration percentage after the initial 16‐h thaw period, but the increased degradation between 0–16 h and 16–40 h was not as severe as that seen in the leptin samples.Discussion & ConclusionThe results of this experiment can be used to inform hormone measurement consistency given different thawing lengths or freezing conditions during transportation. Additionally, this research informs decisions regarding transportation, storage/handling, and data analysis in human milk research.
Bio composite of porous hydroxyapatite and collagen extracted from eggshell membrane and Oreochromis niloticus fish skin for bone tissue applications
Authors: Ingwattanapok Nutchaya , Sakunrak Yosita , Tangboriboon Nuchnapa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPorous hydroxyapatite (HA) was prepared by a chemical reaction between eggshell and phosphoric acid mixed with a foaming agent. Hydroxyapatite was composited with collagen prepared from a fermentation process of Acetobacter xylinum with eggshell membranes, extraction process of Oreochromis niloticus fish skin, and commercial‐grade collagen. Results of physical‐mechanical‐thermal properties of the bio composite materials yielded them as potential candidates for bone tissue engineering, drug delivery through the body, as well as tissue regeneration. The porous hydroxyapatite added foaming agent namely 64HA‐1NaHCO3‐500 and 64HA‐1NaHCO3‐600 having pore size and pore volume suitable for good adhering of collagen fiber types prepared from the fermentation process of Acetobacter xylinum of eggshell membrane and freeze‐drying process of Oreochromis niloticus. Because after reinforcing with collagen gave the highest compressive strength and three‐point bending strength values higher than HA samples without collagen three to five magnitudes. Furthermore, both bio composite samples served as positive thermal shock absorbers with significantly strong scanning electron microscope adhesion microstructures of collagen fibers within the porous HA matrices.
The path increasingly travelled: Vocational entry qualifications, socioeconomic status and university outcomes
Authors: Dilnot Catherine , Macmillan Lindsey , Wyness Gill 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMany countries have introduced flexibility in their admissions equivalents for tertiary education, allowing students to apply with vocational rather than academic qualifications at upper secondary level. However, entrants with vocational qualifications are generally less likely to succeed at university. Students from disadvantaged backgrounds are also, on average, less likely to succeed: they are more likely to drop out, or graduate with a lower class degree, even when they have the same prior attainment scores and take the same university course. Rich individual‐level data in England drawn from administrative records allow us to link outcomes at university with social background and attainment and qualification routes at school, going back to lower secondary level, before academic and vocational pathways diverge. We can thus use the English example to explore whether the relative lack of success of students from low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds is in part because they are more likely to enter university with non‐traditional qualifications that offer less effective preparation for study. Our results reveal a significant penalty associated with entering university with these vocational qualifications. Controlling for qualification type reduces the SES gradient in dropping out of university by 42%, and graduation with a lower class degree by 28%, although significant SES gradients in success still remain. There is a tension between allowing students from lower SES backgrounds to use vocational routes to enter university and these persistent gaps in university outcomes. Countries using both vocational and academic routes as pathways to university should be aware of this potential conflict.
Measuring and Manipulating the Rhine River Branches: Interactions of Theory and Embodied Understanding in Eighteenth Century River Hydraulics
Authors: Kleinhans Maarten G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEighteenth century river hydraulics used both theory and measurement to address problems of flood safety, navigation and defense related to the rivers. In the late eighteenth century the Dutch overseer of the rivers, Christiaan Brunings, integrated hydraulic theory and meteorological practices, which enabled him to design a unique instrument for measuring river flow. The question is whether the unprecedented detail of measurements fits the putative empirical stance in the eighteenth century. The interactions between theory, instrument, measurement, and other knowledge practices are here assessed using experiences in similar measurement practices. I argue that Brunings had theoretical and embodied understanding of hydrodynamics, as he knew how to design an instrument for flow measurement of sufficient accuracy for his purpose in the sociopolitical context of river management.
Glass microspargers as effective frit spargers in single use bioreactors
Authors: Tran William , Seamans T. Craig , Bowers John S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFor multiple‐use bench scale and larger bioreactors, sintered stainless steel frit spargers are commonly used as microspargers. For bench‐scale single‐use bioreactors (SUBs), existing microspargers are sintered plastics, such as polyethylene. However, though plastics are readily sterilized by irradiation making them convenient for single use, these designs overlook surface energy properties of the materials of construction. For these sintered plastic spargers, forces at the water‐air‐surface interface cause bubble coalescence, leading to lower effective mass transfer, higher gas flow rates, and differing pCO2 profiles in cell culture. Alternative materials of construction were evaluated based on contact angle information and bubble formation observations. Sintered glass was chosen over thermoplastic polymers for higher surface wettability as described in the glass/water contact angle, its history as a commonly sintered material, and availability at costs suitable for single use applications. Glass sintered spargers and traditional stainless steel frit spargers were compared by porosity, bubble size, and kLa studies. Mass transfer (kLa) and cell culture performance equal or greater than a standard 20 μm stainless steel microsparger mass transfer efficiency was achieved by a glass frit sparger, of international porosity standard “P40” according to ISO 4793‐80, which corresponds to a range of 16–40 μm.
Degradation of Penicillinic Antibiotics and β‐Lactamase Enzymatic Catalysis in a Biomimetic Zn‐Based Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Escamilla Paula , Bartella Lucia , Sanz‐Navarro Sergio , Percoco Rita Maria , Di Donna Leonardo , Prejanò Mario , Marino Tiziana , Ferrando‐Soria Jesús , Armentano Donatella , Leyva‐Pérez Antonio , Pardo Emilio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Jesús Ferrando‐Soria, Donatella Armentano, Antonio Leyva‐Pérez, Emilio Pardo and co‐workers at University of Valencia, Technical University of Valencia and University of Calabria. The image depicts the crystal structure of a novel ZnII biological metal–organic framework that mimics β‐lactamase enzymes. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202301325.
The Unique Ambiphilicity of Tellurium in the [MesitylTe(I)(I2)(I3)]−Anion
Authors: Matos Vinícius , Zimmermann Londero Ana Júlia , Roca Jungfer Maximilian , Abram Ulrich , Schulz Lang Ernesto 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA first example of an aryltellurium(II) compound with three different bonding modes to iodine featuring covalent and non‐covalent bonds such as two orthogonal, ambiphilic σ‐hole interactions is introduced: [MesTe(I)(I2)(I3)]−. It is a member of a series of mesityltellurenyl anions, which are formed during reactions of (MesTe)2with ZnI2, phenanthroline (phen) and iodine. [Zn(phen)3][MesTe(I)2] (1), [Zn(phen)3][{MesTe(I)‐(I)…Te(I)Mes}{MesTeI2}] (2) and [Zn(phen)3][MesTe(I)(I2)(I3)][MesTeI2] (3) are isolated depending on the amount of iodine used. The products contain tellurium atoms bonded to a variety of iodine species (I−, μ2‐I−, I2and I3−) and are, thus, perfectly suitable to explore the amphiphilic behavior of tellurium(II) and its relevance for the formation of non‐covalent bonds, where tellurium acts as both donor and acceptor simultaneously. The character of chalcogen and halogen bonds are evaluated by the combination of crystallographic data and computational methods.
Dioxygen‐Triggered β‐Hydroxysulfonylation of Terminal Olefins Controlled by DABCO
Authors: Gong Hang , Zhao Yuhan , Meng Xia , Cai Changqun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA dioxygen‐triggered selectively difunctionalization of olefins to achieve β‐hydroxysulfones has been developed. Particularly, the mechanism of this reaction can be controlled by DABCO, which act as a single electron transfer reagent, to selectively obtain ketosulfone or hydroxysulfone. The reaction was conducted in a clean, safe, mild, and catalyst‐free conditions. Moreover, as a proof‐of‐concept, two bioactive molecules were synthesized easily using this method.
Dual‐purpose crops for grain and fodder to improve nutrition security in semi‐arid sub‐Saharan Africa: A review
Authors: Akplo Tobi Moriaque , Faye Aliou , Obour Augustine , Stewart Zachary P. , Min Doohong , Prasad P. V. Vara 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAddressing the challenge of food and nutrition insecurity in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) will require innovative agriculture production systems that support multiple objectives. In recent years, several high‐yielding, and nutrient‐dense varieties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) have been developed purposely as dual‐purpose (DP) varieties in SSA to meet human nutrition and livestock feed needs. This review synthesized published data on DP varieties from cowpea, pearl millet, and sorghum. Findings showed that DP crops and varieties were largely grown by smallholder farmers in a variety of soil and climatic conditions with production systems characterized by large gaps between attainable and actual crop yields which varied significantly among regions. While the grain and fodder yield of traditional varieties (TV) of cowpea averaged 700 kg ha−1 and 860 kg ha−1, respectively, the reported grain yield of DP varieties was 1100 kg ha−1 and 2150 kg ha−1 for fodder. The average grain yield of TV millet varieties was 750 kg ha−1 and 2500 kg ha−1 for fodder. Similarly, average grain yield for DP millet varieties was 2000 kg ha−1 and 4200 kg ha−1 fodder. Dual‐purpose sorghum varieties yielded greater grain (>3000 kg ha−1) and fodder (3500 kg ha−1) compared to TV. Little data were obtained on the nutritive qualities of cowpea, millet, and sorghum DP varieties. However, DP millet varieties were reported to be more digestible than TV varieties. Furthermore, adoption of DP varieties improves fertilizer use efficiency, profitability, environmental sustainability, and resilience of the whole farm system compared to TV. Considering fertilizer's high prices, availability, and quality in semi‐arid countries in addition to farmer poverty level, economic evaluation and environmental impact assessment are critical before wide dissemination.
Early screening of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Yuan Yue , Ye Fei , Wu Jian‐Hui , Fu Xiao‐Yan , Huang Zhong‐Xi , Zhang Tao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe low positive predictive value (PPV) of early screening of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the problems that need to be solved urgently. The combination of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) methylation testing and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) serological testing is the key to solve this problem. This paper reviews recent advances in early screening for NPC and cfDNA methylation, with future perspectives. Pubmed was searched for the literature related to early screening of NPC and cfDNA methylation in the past 5 years. The results of these studies were summarized. Despite these efforts, the PPV is still low (10%). Previous studies have shown that cfDNA methylation analysis has good specificity and accuracy across a variety of tumors. The combination of cfDNA methylation and EBV detection helps to improve the PPV for early screening of NPC. The combination of cfDNA methylation and EBV serological testing is key to addressing the low PPV of NPC early screening.
Comprehensive interrogation of gene lists from genome‐scale cancer screens with oncoEnrichR
Authors: Nakken Sigve , Gundersen Sveinung , Bernal Fabian L. M. , Polychronopoulos Dimitris , Hovig Eivind , Wesche Jørgen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGenome‐scale screening experiments in cancer produce long lists of candidate genes that require extensive interpretation for biological insight and prioritization for follow‐up studies. Interrogation of gene lists frequently represents a significant and time‐consuming undertaking, in which experimental biologists typically combine results from a variety of bioinformatics resources in an attempt to portray and understand cancer relevance. As a means to simplify and strengthen the support for this endeavor, we have developed oncoEnrichR, a flexible bioinformatics tool that allows cancer researchers to comprehensively interrogate a given gene list along multiple facets of cancer relevance. oncoEnrichR differs from general gene set analysis frameworks through the integration of an extensive set of prior knowledge specifically relevant for cancer, including ranked gene‐tumor type associations, literature‐supported proto‐oncogene and tumor suppressor gene annotations, target druggability data, regulatory interactions, synthetic lethality predictions, as well as prognostic associations, gene aberrations and co‐expression patterns across tumor types. The software produces a structured and user‐friendly analysis report as its main output, where versions of all underlying data resources are explicitly logged, the latter being a critical component for reproducible science. We demonstrate the usefulness of oncoEnrichR through interrogation of two candidate lists from proteomic and CRISPR screens. oncoEnrichR is freely available as a web‐based service hosted by the Galaxy platform (https://oncotools.elixir.no), and can also be accessed as a stand‐alone R package (https://github.com/sigven/oncoEnrichR).
Methadone administered to rat dams during pregnancy and lactation affects the circadian rhythms of their pups
Authors: Pačesová Dominika , Spišská Veronika , Novotný Jiří , Bendová Zdeňka 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe circadian clock is one of the most important homeostatic systems regulating the majority of physiological functions. Its proper development contributes significantly to the maintenance of health in adulthood. Methadone is recommended for the treatment of opioid use disorders during pregnancy, increasing the number of children prenatally exposed to long‐acting opioids. Although early‐life opioid exposure has been studied for a number of behavioral and physiological changes observed later in life, information on the relationship between the effects of methadone exposure and circadian system development is lacking. Using a rat model, we investigated the effects of prenatal and early postnatal methadone administration on the maturation of the circadian clockwork in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and liver, the rhythm of aralkylamine N‐acetyltransferase (AA‐NAT) activity in the pineal gland, and gene expression in the livers of 20‐day‐old rats. Our data show that repeated administration of methadone to pregnant and lactating mothers has significant effect on rhythmic gene expression in the SCN and livers and on the rhythm of AA‐NAT in the offspring. Similar to previous studies with morphine, the rhythm amplitudes of the clock genes in the SCN and liver were unchanged or enhanced. However, six of seven specific genes in the liver showed significant downregulation of their expression, compared to the controls in at least one experimental group. Importantly, the amplitude of the AA‐NAT rhythm was significantly reduced in all methadone‐treated groups. As there is a strong correlation with melatonin levels, this result could be of importance for clinical practice.