bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the blockchain hype: addressing legal and regulatory challenges
Authors: Zhuk Alesia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Blockchain technology has gained widespread attention and adoption in various industries. However, despite its potential benefits, there are still numerous challenges and issues that need to be addressed. This paper provides an overview of the legal, regulatory, and technical challenges related to the use of blockchain technology. It explores the challenges associated with privacy, data protection, and data security, and analyses the regulatory challenges and implications. Additionally, it identifies future challenges and issues that may arise in the field of blockchain technology, including the integration with emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and big data. The paper concludes by discussing the need for collaboration among stakeholders and the development of comprehensive legal and regulatory frameworks to address the challenges and ensure the successful implementation of blockchain technology in various sectors.
Ärzt:innen in Weiterbildung als Near-Peer Teachers: Umsetzung, Hürden und Erfolge
Authors: Rau Antje , Geier Anne-Kathrin , Hochsieder Steffi , Bleckwenn Markus 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
Studentische Lehre durch Ärzt:innen in Weiterbildung (ÄiW), sogenanntes Near-Peer Teaching, bietet Vorteile für Studierende und ÄiW gleichermaßen. Studierende profitieren durch bedürfnisorientierte Lehre und ein hierarchiearmes Lernumfeld, ÄiW durch eigenen Wissenszuwachs und Selbstreflektion. Zum Near-Peer Teaching in der Allgemeinmedizin liegen vor allem aus anglosächsischen Ländern Erkenntnisse vor, die überwiegend die Lehre im Praxissetting betreffen. Im Rahmen eines neu konzipierten Seminarprogramms für das Praktische Jahr (PJ) im Onlineformat wurden ÄiW hauptsächlich aus dem Kompetenzzentrum Weiterbildung Allgemeinmedizin Sachsen als Dozierende rekrutiert. Im Berichtszeitraum von März 2022 bis Dezember 2023 wurden insgesamt 22 Seminare zu 4 verschiedenen Praxisfällen ausgearbeitet und durchgeführt. Vorbereitungsaufgaben im Sinne der Flipped-classroom-Methode ergänzten die Termine und ermöglichten eine Verzahnung mit der praktischen Tätigkeit in den Lehrpraxen. Die Konzeption der Seminare erforderte eine kontinuierliche Unterstützung durch Mitarbeiterinnen des Instituts für Allgemeinmedizin mit Erfahrung in der Hochschullehre. Um die Vorteile des Near-Peer Teaching in diesem Format für alle Beteiligten nutzbar zu machen, führten wir ergänzende Seminarformate ein. Strukturierte didaktisch-methodische Schulungen für die Dozierenden sollen in Zukunft ergänzt werden. Eine aussagekräftige Evaluation steht derzeit noch aus.
Legal mobilization in a global context: the transnational practices and diffusion of rights-based climate litigation
Authors: Jodoin Sébastien , Wewerinke-Singh Margaretha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Our article offers an in-depth account of the role of the transnational practices of collaboration, storytelling, and learning in the diffusion of rights-based climate litigation (RBCL). Drawing on semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and quantitative data, we trace how the performance of these practices by lawyers, litigants, communities, scholars, and NGOs have fostered and sustained the transnational generation, exchange, and flow of resources, relationships, narratives, and knowledge underlying the field of RBCL. We argue that all three practices have fostered the diffusion of RBCL by influencing the local determinants of legal mobilization through enabling, discursive, and relational pathways. Finally, we show that these practices have had structural effects that have shaped the ideas and identities of the practitioners in the field of RBCL. Over time, the discursive and relational dimensions of practices have given rise to and have been strengthened by the formation of multiple communities of practice. The emergence of distinct communities provides the possibility for deeper forms of socialization and acculturation among their members, but they also make conflict and competition between different communities more likely. Overall, our article emphasizes the importance of understanding legal mobilization for climate justice as a set of practices that are shaped by the transnational social-legal context in which they are performed.
Radiocarbon measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in sediment porewater and seawater at AWI MICADAS
Authors: Grotheer Hendrik , Hammes Jens S , Gentz Torben , Castrillejo Maxi , Wacker Lukas , Hansman Roberta L , Mollenhauer Gesine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Radiocarbon (14C) measurements on dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) are a powerful tool to trace water masses and carbon cycling in the ocean. Existing methodologies to determine the 14C content of seawater DIC requires large volumes of sample (usually >100 mL) and specialized graphitization techniques to achieve the accuracy and precision needed for meaningful data interpretation. The advancement of the CO2 gas ionization accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) technique today allows routine 14C measurements on small samples (<100 µgC) and may thus permit reducing the sample volumes needed to determine 14C content of seawater DIC to ∼2 mL. The proposed method utilizes the carbonate handling system (CHS), gas interface system (GIS) and MICADAS AMS, and provides good accuracy but reduced precision compared to established methods. Good accuracy is shown by comparing results for a marine in-house DIC standard and a DIC seawater profile from Antarctica between the proposed CHS-GIS-MICADAS approach and reference measurements conducted on the same material at established laboratories (ETH and NOSAMS). Further, two sedimentary porewater profiles from a fjord system in Svalbard are presented. Despite good agreement, the precision of the CHS-GIS-MICADAS approach is reduced, potentially limiting possible interpretations on seawater DIC. Nonetheless, the reduction of sample volumes proves particularly helpful to analyze porewater DIC from sediment cores, where sample material is notoriously limited, reduces the required amounts of toxic HgCl2 and simplifies expedition logistics.
Optimal design of a generalized single-loop parallel manipulator with RCM characteristic considering motion/force transmissibility
Authors: Li Luquan , Tian Chunxu , Xia Zhihao , Zhang Dan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In certain scenarios, the large footprint of a robot is not conducive to multi-robot cooperative operations. This paper presents a generalized single-loop parallel manipulator with remote center of motion (GSLPM-RCM), which addresses this issue by incorporating a reconfigurable base. The footprint of this RCM manipulator can be adjusted by varying the parameters of the reconfigurable base. First, utilizing configuration evolution, a reconfigurable base is constructed based on the principle of forming RCM motion. Then, according to the modular analysis method, the inverse kinematics of this parallel RCM manipulator is analyzed, and the workspace is also analyzed. Subsequently, the motion/force transmissibility of this RCM manipulator is analyzed by considering its single-loop and multi-degree of freedom characteristics. Leveraging the workspace index and transmissibility indices, dimension optimization of the manipulator is implemented. Finally, the influence of the reconfigurable base on the workspace and the transmissibility performance of the optimized manipulator is studied.
Prostate-specific antigen screening at low thresholds of men with pathogenic BRCA1/2 variants
Authors: Stroomberg Hein V. , Brasso Klaus , Blak Anna A. , Byrjalsen Anna , Hansen Thomas van Overeem , Røder Andreas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Men with pathogenic BRCA1/2 variants are at higher risk of prostate cancer We included men with likely pathogenic/pathogenic (LP/P) variants in BRCA1/2 in a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening program after cascade germline testing since 2014. PSA was tested yearly and an age-specific low PSA threshold for biopsy was used, to determine if a low PSA threshold for biopsy is justified for men with pathogenic BRCA1/2 variants.

Methods
From 2014 to 2023 a total of 340 men were included in the program. We report demographics, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes at 7 years.

Results
The cumulative incidence of a primary biopsy was 37% (95CI: 31‒43) after 7 years. Incidence of prostate cancer diagnosis was 11% (95CI: 7.1‒15). Men referred were 7.8 (95CI: 5.3‒11, p < 0.001) times more likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer than the general Danish male population. The cumulative incidence of biochemical failure (PSA > = 0.2 ng/ml) 4 years after RP was 22% (95CI: 2.3‒41). The main limitation is that not all men underwent a pre-biopsy MRI.

Conclusion
We found a high incidence of prostate cancer in men with LP/P BRCA1/2 variants, but this may be explained by the low PSA threshold for scheduling biopsies. More studies are needed to compare this patient population to men with other germline features. The high risk of recurrence after curative therapy is worrisome and requires further evaluation as to whether this is a biological phenomenon.
Anomalous entropy-driven kinetics of dislocation nucleation
Authors: Bagchi Soumendu , Perez Danny 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The kinetics of dislocation reactions, such as dislocation multiplication, controls the plastic deformation in crystals beyond their elastic limit, therefore critical mechanisms in a number of applications in materials science. We present a series of large-scale molecular dynamics simulations that shows that one such type of reactions, the nucleation of dislocation at free surfaces, exhibit unconventional kinetics, including unexpectedly large nucleation rates under compression, very strong entropic stabilization under tension, as well as strong non-Arrhenius behavior. These unusual kinetics are quantitatively rationalized using a variational transition state theory approach coupled with an efficient numerical scheme for the estimation of vibrational entropy changes. These results highlight the need for a variational treatment of the kinetics to quantitatively capture dislocation reaction kinetics, especially at low-to-moderate strains where large deformations are required to activate reactions. These observations suggest possible explanations to previously observed unconventional deformation kinetics in both molecular dynamics simulations and experiments.
Internal electric field steering S-scheme charge transfer in ZnIn2S4/COF boosts H2O2 photosynthesis from water and air for sustainable disinfection
Authors: Zhuo Linlin , Dong Shaofeng , Sham Yik Tung , Zhang Jinpeng , Xu Xiaoying , Ho Kenrick Chun Kiu , Pan Min , Chen Qiaoshan , Huang Guocheng , Bi Jinhong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The global need for clean water and sanitation drives the development of eco-friendly and efficient water treatment technologies to combat biological pollution from pathogens. In this study, a novel heterojunction photocatalyst was synthesized by incorporating ZnIn2S4 into covalent organic frameworks (COFs) to enable environmentally friendly hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) photosynthesis and explore its potential for in situ disinfection. The ZnIn2S4/COF photocatalyst achieved remarkable H2O2 yields of 1325 µmol∙g−¹∙h−¹, surpassing pristine COF and ZnIn2S4 by factors of 3.12 and 16.2, respectively. The produced H2O2 was efficiently activated into hydroxyl radicals (·OH) through reaction with Fe(II), enabling rapid sterilization via a photocatalysis-self-Fenton system. Mechanistic insights, supported by physicochemical characterizations and theoretical calculations, highlighted the role of the internal electric field (IEF) in enhancing carrier separation and transfer, thereby boosting photosynthesis efficiency. This work presents a sustainable approach to H2O2 photosynthesis and activation for disinfection, offering a promising solution to global water treatment challenges.
Upstreamness and downstreamness in input–output analysis from local and aggregate information
Authors: Bartolucci Silvia , Caccioli Fabio , Caravelli Francesco , Vivo Pierpaolo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ranking sectors and countries within global value chains is of paramount importance to estimate risks and forecast growth in large economies. However, this task is often non-trivial due to the lack of complete and accurate information on the flows of money and goods between sectors and countries, which are encoded in input–output (I–O) tables. In this work, we show that an accurate estimation of the role played by sectors and countries in supply chain networks can be achieved without full knowledge of the I–O tables, but only relying on local and aggregate information, e.g., the total intermediate demand per sector. Our method, based on a rank-1 approximation to the I–O table, shows consistently good performance in reconstructing rankings (i.e., upstreamness and downstreamness measures for countries and sectors) when tested on empirical data from the world input–output database. Moreover, we connect the accuracy of our approximate framework with the spectral properties of the I–O tables, which ordinarily exhibit relatively large spectral gaps. Our approach provides a fast and analytically tractable framework to rank constituents of a complex economy without the need of matrix inversions and the knowledge of finer intersectorial details.
Development and validation of PCR marker array for molecular selection towards spring, vernalization-independent and winter, vernalization-responsive ecotypes of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.)
Authors: Surma Anna , Książkiewicz Michał , Bielski Wojciech , Kozak Bartosz , Galek Renata , Rychel-Bielska Sandra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is an ancient grain legume that is still undergoing improvement of domestication traits, including vernalization-responsiveness, providing frost tolerance and preventing winter flowering in autumn-sowing agriculture, and vernalization-independence, conferring drought escape by rapid flowering in spring-sowing. A recent genome-wide association study highlighted several loci significantly associated with the most contrasting phenotypes, including deletions in the promoter of the FLOWERING LOCUS T homolog, LalbFTc1, and some DArT-seq/silicoDArT loci. The present study aimed to develop and validate a versatile PCR marker array enabling molecular selection of spring- and winter-type white lupin ecotypes. Candidate DArT-seq and silicoDArT loci were transformed into cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) or derived CAPS markers. Developed markers, together with those previously published for LalbFTc1 INDELs and quantitative trait loci from linkage maps, were implemented for screening of white lupin germplasm panel subjected to 2-year phenotyping of phenology traits. Three DArT-seq, two silicoDArT and seven LalbFTc1 INDEL markers were positively validated, constituting a convenient PCR-based marker assay for rapid and accurate reselection of white lupin germplasm towards early flowering and thermoneutrality or late flowering and vernalization-responsiveness, as well as for tracking high genetic and phenotypic diversity within white lupin landraces, revealed in the present study.
Investigation of the validity, reliability and psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Ottawa sitting scale in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Yetiş Aysu , Canli Mehmet , Yildiz Nazım Tolgahan , Kocaman Hikmet , Yildirim Hasan , Kuzu Şafak , Valamur İrem , Duran Selcen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Ottawa Sitting Scale is a tool for the multidimensional assessment of sitting balance. This study aimed to investigate the validity, reliability, and psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Ottawa Sitting Scale (OSS-TR) in Turkish-speaking patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The study included 56 patients diagnosed with PD based on the UK Brain Bank Criteria. Construct validity of the OSS-TR was established through the evaluation of structural and convergent validity. Explanatory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were carried out to determine the structural validity. Convergent validity was analysed by examining the relationships between OSS-TR with the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS). The test-retest reliability of the scale was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The good fit determined according to the model fit criteria based on the CFA results confirmed the structural validity. Furthermore, the high associations between OSS-TR with the BBS (r = 0.766) and TIS (r = 0.720) supported convergent validity (p < 0.05). Test-retest reliability of the OSS-TR was excellent (ICC = 0.867). Moreover, internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.948). The OSS-TR is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing sitting balance in Turkish-speaking PD patients. Regarding the results of the study, OSS-TR can be considered useful in the evaluation of sitting balance among PD patients in clinical and research settings.
Preclinical assessment of splicing modulation therapy for ABCA4 variant c.768G>T in Stargardt disease
Authors: Karjosukarso Dyah W. , Bukkems Femke , Duijkers Lonneke , Tomkiewicz Tomasz Z. , Kiefmann Julia , Sarlea Andrei , Bervoets Sander , Vázquez-Domínguez Irene , Molday Laurie L. , Molday Robert S. , Netea Mihai G. , Hoyng Carel B. , Garanto Alejandro , Collin Rob W. J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Stargardt disease type 1 (STGD1) is a progressive retinal disorder caused by bi-allelic variants in the ABCA4 gene. A recurrent variant at the exon-intron junction of exon 6, c.768G>T, causes a 35-nt elongation of exon 6 that leads to premature termination of protein synthesis.

Methods
To correct this aberrant splicing, twenty-five 2′-O-methoxyethyl antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) were designed, spanning the entire exon elongation.

Results
Testing of these AONs in patient-derived photoreceptor precursor cells and retinal organoids allow the selection of a lead candidate AON (A7 21-mer) that rescues on average 52% and 50% expression of wild-type ABCA4 transcript and protein, respectively. In situ hybridization and probe-based ELISA demonstrate its distribution and stability in vitro and in vivo. No major safety concerns regarding off-targets, immunostimulation and toxicity are observed in transcriptomics analysis, cytokine stimulation assays in human primary immune cells, and cytotoxicity assays.

Conclusions
Additional optimization and in vivo studies will be performed to further investigate the lead candidate. Considering the high prevalence of this variant, a substantial number of patients are likely to benefit from a successful further development and implementation of this therapy.
Gemcitabine and ATR inhibitors synergize to kill PDAC cells by blocking DNA damage response
Authors: Höfer Stefanie , Frasch Larissa , Brajkovic Sarah , Putzker Kerstin , Lewis Joe , Schürmann Hendrik , Leone Valentina , Sakhteman Amirhossein , The Matthew , Bayer Florian P , Müller Julian , Hamood Firas , Siveke Jens T , Reichert Maximilian , Kuster Bernhard 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The DNA-damaging agent Gemcitabine (GEM) is a first-line treatment for pancreatic cancer, but chemoresistance is frequently observed. Several clinical trials investigate the efficacy of GEM in combination with targeted drugs, including kinase inhibitors, but the experimental evidence for such rationale is often unclear. Here, we phenotypically screened 13 human pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines against GEM in combination with 146 clinical inhibitors and observed strong synergy for the ATR kinase inhibitor Elimusertib in most cell lines. Dose-dependent phosphoproteome profiling of four ATR inhibitors following DNA damage induction by GEM revealed a strong block of the DNA damage response pathway, including phosphorylated pS468 of CHEK1, as the underlying mechanism of drug synergy. The current work provides a strong rationale for why the combination of GEM and ATR inhibition may be useful for the treatment of PDAC patients and constitutes a rich phenotypic and molecular resource for further investigating effective drug combinations.
Late Talkers' Language, Metaphor, Theory of Mind, and Reading Skills at 9 Years of Age
Authors: Crawshaw Camilla E. , Lüke Carina , Ritterfeld Ute 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
Prior work has found that “late talkers” (LTs) as a group continue to demonstrate lower language and reading outcomes compared to their typically developing (TD) peers even into young adulthood. Others identified that children diagnosed with developmental language disorder (DLD) show difficulties later with theory of mind (ToM) tasks and metaphor comprehension, but there is a shortage of research specifically investigating these advanced skills in LTs. The current study therefore compared language-related skills of former LTs with their TD peers at school age.

Method:

A longitudinal sample (
N
= 35) of monolingual German-speaking children was observed from age 1 until 9, comprising TD children (
n
= 27) and children identified as LTs at age 2 (
n
= 8), of which two met criteria for DLD between ages 3 and 6. Children's language (productive vocabulary, productive and receptive grammar), reading, metaphor comprehension, and ToM skills (ToM scale and Strange Stories) were investigated, and group comparisons were conducted.

Results:
Former LTs performed worse than the TD children on measures of productive vocabulary, receptive grammar, metaphor comprehension, and the ToM Strange Stories task at the age of 9, but not on measures of productive grammar, reading, or the ToM scale.

Conclusions:
The findings indicate that LTs can catch up with their TD peers in some areas of language and ToM but that subtle differences remain across other complex areas. Further research is needed to pinpoint possible explanations for why certain skills are more strongly impacted and the potential developmental interactions between these competencies.
The impact of entrapped air bubbles on cell integration in porous metallic biomaterials
Authors: Migita Satoshi , Tsushima Reno , Kishita Tomotaka , Suyalatu  
Published: January 2025

AbstractAdditive manufacturing has enabled the creation of 3D porous metallic medical materials, crucial for enhancing cell ingrowth and tissue integration. However, despite extensive research on optimising pore size, inconsistencies persist in achieving optimal cells and tissues adhesion. In this study, the authors show that cell attachment and proliferation are hindered by the formation of bubbles within the pores, which may act as physical barriers. The authors fabricated porous titanium (Ti) and tantalum (Ta) scaffolds by selective laser melting and investigated the effects of bubble entrapment on cell adhesion and proliferation. The authors’ results demonstrate that bubble removal significantly enhanced cell integration. These results indicate the importance of both geometrical design and microenvironmental conditions to prevent bubble formation, ensuring cell adhesion and tissue integration in the development of next‐generation porous metallic scaffolds.