bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive transcriptomic profiling reveals complex molecular mechanisms in the regulation of style-length dimorphism in Guettarda speciosa (Rubiaceae), a species with “anomalous” distyly
Authors: Luo Zhonglai , Zhao Zhongtao , Xu Yuanqing , Shi Miaomiao , Tu Tieyao , Pei Nancai , Zhang Dianxiang 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe evolution of heterostyly, a genetically controlled floral polymorphism, has been a hotspot of research since the 19th century. In recent years, studies on the molecular mechanism of distyly (the most common form of heterostyly) revealed an evolutionary convergence in genes for brassinosteroids (BR) degradation in different angiosperm groups. This floral polymorphism often exhibits considerable variability that some taxa have significant stylar dimorphism, but anther height differs less. This phenomenon has been termed “anomalous” distyly, which is usually regarded as a transitional stage in evolution. Compared to “typical” distyly, the genetic regulation of “anomalous” distyly is almost unknown, leaving a big gap in our understanding of this special floral adaptation strategy.MethodsHere we performed the first molecular-level study focusing on this floral polymorphism in Guettarda speciosa (Rubiaceae), a tropical tree with “anomalous” distyly. Comprehensive transcriptomic profiling was conducted to examine which genes and metabolic pathways were involved in the genetic control of style dimorphism and if they exhibit similar convergence with “typical” distylous species.Results“Brassinosteroid homeostasis” and “plant hormone signal transduction” was the most significantly enriched GO term and KEGG pathway in the comparisons between L- and S-morph styles, respectively. Interestingly, homologs of all the reported S-locus genes either showed very similar expressions between L- and S-morph styles or no hits were found in G. speciosa. BKI1, a negative regulator of brassinosteroid signaling directly repressing BRI1 signal transduction, was identified as a potential gene regulating style length, which significantly up-regulated in the styles of S-morph.DiscussionThese findings supported the hypothesis that style length in G. speciosa was regulated through a BR-related signaling network in which BKI1 may be one key gene. Our data suggested, in species with “anomalous” distyly, style length was regulated by gene differential expressions, instead of the “hemizygous” S-locus genes in “typical” distylous flowers such as Primula and Gelsemium, representing an “intermediate” stage in the evolution of distyly. Genome-level analysis and functional studies in more species with “typical” and “anomalous” distyly would further decipher this “most complex marriage arrangement” in angiosperms and improve our knowledge of floral evolution.
Integrated transcriptome, metabolome and phytohormone analysis reveals developmental differences between the first and secondary flowering in Castanea mollissima
Authors: Qin Cai , Du Tingting , Zhang Ruiyu , Wang Qiujie , Liu Yang , Wang Tianyi , Cao Hongyan , Bai Qian , Zhang Yu , Su Shuchai 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionChestnut (Castanea mollissima BL.) is an important woody grain, and its flower formation has a significant impact on fruit yield and quality. Some chestnut species in northern China re-flower in the late summer. On the one hand, the second flowering consumes a lot of nutrients in the tree, weakening the tree and thus affecting flowering in the following year. On the other hand, the number of female flowers on a single bearing branch during the second flowering is significantly higher than that of the first flowering, which can bear fruit in bunches. Therefore, these can be used to study the sex differentiation of chestnut.MethodsIn this study, the transcriptomes, metabolomes, and phytohormones of male and female chestnut flowers were determined during spring and late summer. We aimed to understand the developmental differences between the first and secondary flowering stages in chestnuts. We analysed the reasons why the number of female flowers is higher in the secondary flowering than in the first flowering and found ways to increase the number of female flowers or decrease the number of male flowers in chestnuts.ResultsTranscriptome analysis of male and female flowers in different developmental seasons revealed that EREBP-like mainly affected the development of secondary female flowers and HSP20 mainly affected the development of secondary male flowers. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that 147 common differentially-regulated genes were mainly enriched from circadian rhythm-plant, carotenoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Metabolome analysis showed that the main differentially accumulated metabolites in female flowers were flavonoids and phenolic acids, whereas the main differentially accumulated metabolites in male flowers were lipids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. These genes and their metabolites are positively correlated with secondary flower formation. Phytohormone analysis showed that abscisic and salicylic acids were negatively correlated with secondary flower formation. MYB305, a candidate gene for sex differentiation in chestnuts, promoted the synthesis of flavonoid substances and thus increased the number of female flowers.DiscussionWe constructed a regulatory network for secondary flower development in chestnuts, which provides a theoretical basis for the reproductive development mechanism of chestnuts. This study has important practical implications for improving chestnut yield and quality.
Significance of organizational health features during the COVID-19 pandemic for the well-being of Lithuanian healthcare workers
Authors: Kukulskienė Milda , Argustaitė-Zailskienė Gita , Griciūtė Aušra , Miglinė Vilma , Kubilienė Loreta , Žemaitienė Nida 
Published: March 2023

SummaryDuring various emergencies, especially pandemics, there is a heavy burden on healthcare workers and pharmacists. Organizational support plays a significant role in protecting their mental health. Though the study aimed analyze the subjectively perceived difficulties and challenges of healthcare workers related to organizing work in the context of a pandemic.MethodsTwenty seven subjects (20 women, 7 men) participated in the qualitative research 30–45 min. Duration semi-structured interviews were performed, and thematic data analysis was applied.ResultsDuring the first wave of the COVD-19 pandemic, research participants experienced an avalanche of change in all significant areas of life: experienced general overall uncertainty, confusion in working order, and intense changes in work functions, responsibilities, and workload. These changes reduced the scope for control and predictability, there was a lack of structure and clarity. The avalanche of change caused by the COVID-19 pandemic provoked a strong and controversial emotional response. The contradiction was revealed between helplessness, disruption, loss of control experienced by staff and the internal and external pressure to adapt as quickly as possible to the functions of caregivers. The threats posed by the pandemic reinforced the need for active and engaged leadership and highlighted the key features of an employee supporting organization.ConclusionSurviving the avalanche of change caused by the pandemic, healthcare workers and pharmacists emphasized the importance of management decisions about managing patient and employee health threats, clear work organization, active and inclusive leadership, change planning, and organizational concern for employee sustainability and emotional well-being. Regular, systematic, clear and understandable, timely, open and sincere, uncontroversial, and consistent communication of administration provides security for employees and can contribute to better physical and psychological well-being of employees.
Disrupted structural connectivity and less efficient network system in patients with the treatment-naive adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Ohnishi Takashi , Toda Wataru , Itagaki Shuntaro , Sato Aya , Matsumoto Junya , Ito Hiroshi , Ishii Shiro , Miura Itaru , Yabe Hirooki 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder whose primary symptoms are hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. Historically, ADHD was recognized as a disease of childhood and adolescence. However, many patients are known to have persistent symptoms into adulthood. Many researchers consider the neuropathology of ADHD to be based on abnormalities in multiple parallel and intersecting pathways rather than a single anatomical area, but such alterations remain to be clarified.MethodsUsing diffusion tensor imaging, we investigated differences in the global network metrics estimated by graph theory and the degree of connectivity between adjacent voxels within a white matter (WM) fascicle defined by the density of the diffusing spins (connectometry) between 19 drug-naive Japanese patients with adult ADHD and 19 matched healthy controls (HCs). In adult patients with ADHD, we examined the relationships between the symptomatology of ADHD and global network metrics and WM abnormalities.ResultsCompared with HCs, adult patients with ADHD showed a reduced rich-club coefficient and decreased connectivity in widely distributed WMs such as the corpus callosum, the forceps, and the cingulum bundle. Correlational analyses demonstrated that the general severity of ADHD symptoms was associated with several global network metrics, such as lower global efficiency, clustering coefficient, small worldness, and longer characteristic path length. The connectometry revealed that the severity of hyperactive/impulsive symptoms was associated with overconnectivity in the corticostriatal, corticospinal, and corticopontine tracts, the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and the extreme capsule but dysconnectivity in the cerebellum. The severity of inattentive symptoms was associated with dysconnectivity in the intracerebellar circuit and some other fibers.ConclusionThe results of the present study indicated that patients with treatment-naive adult ADHD showed disrupted structural connectivity, which contributes to less efficient information transfer in the ADHD brain and pathophysiology of ADHD.Trial registrationUMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) UMIN000025183, Registered: 5 January 2017.
Camouflage and masking behavior in adult autism
Authors: Alaghband-rad Javad , Hajikarim-Hamedani Arman , Motamed Mahtab 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts. Social camouflaging was first shown to be a characteristic of autistic persons, who actively try to disguise and compensate for their autism features in social contexts in an effort to socially blend in better. Recently, an increasing, though still insufficient, number of studies has been conducted on the concept of camouflage; however, different aspect of it, from psychopathology and etiology to its complications and consequences, are not clearly defined. We aimed to systematically review the existing literature on camouflage in autistic adults to describe the correlates of camouflage, motivations for exhibiting camouflage behavior, and the potential impacts of camouflage on the mental health of autistic individuals.MethodsWe followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist guidelines to conduct a systematic review. The databases of PubMed and Scopus, and PsycInfo were searched for eligible studies. Studies were published between January 1st, 1980, to April 1st, 2022.ResultsWe included 16 articles, of which four studies were qualitative and 11 were quantitative. One study used a mix method. The assessment tools used for camouflage, the correlates of camouflage including autism severity, gender, age, cognitive profile and neuroanatomical correlates, reasons for camouflage and the impacts of camouflaging behavior on mental health are discussed in this review.DiscussionIn synthesizing the literature, we conclude that camouflage seems to be more common among females who report more autistic symptoms themselves. There may also be some differences between men and women in reasons of exhibiting it and its neuroanatomical correlates. Further research is needed as to why this phenomenon is more prevalent in females with implications for gender related cognitive and neuroanatomical differences. Effects of camouflage on mental health and daily life measures of individuals such as employment, university graduation, relationship, financial status, and quality of life should be studied with more details in future studies.
Accuracy of Raman spectroscopy in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Xu Yanmei , Pan Xinyu , Li Huan , Cao Qiongfang , Xu Fan , Zhang Jianshu 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the accuracy of Raman spectroscopy in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.MethodsDatabases including Web of Science, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMbase, CBM, CNKI, Wan Fang Data, and VIP were electronically searched for studies on Raman spectroscopy in diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease from inception to November 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed using Meta-Disc1.4 and Stata 16.0 software.ResultsA total of eight studies were finally included. The pooled sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy was 0.86 [95% CI (0.80–0.91)], specificity was 0.87 [95% CI (0.79–0.92)], positive likelihood ratio was 5.50 [95% CI (3.55–8.51)], negative likelihood ratio was 0.17 [95% CI (0.09–0.34)], diagnosis odds ratio and area under the curve of SROC were 42.44 [95% CI (19.80–90.97)] and 0.931, respectively. Sensitivity analysis was carried out after each study was excluded one by one, and the results showed that pooled sensitivity and specificity had no significant change, indicating that the stability of the meta-analysis results was great.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that Raman spectroscopy had high accuracy in the diagnosis of AD, though it still did not rule out the possibility of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. Limited by the quantity and quality of the included studies, the above conclusions need to be verified by more high-quality studies.
Quantified multidimensional public sentiment characteristics on social media for public opinion management: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ma Ning , Yu Guang , Jin Xin , Zhu Xiaoqian 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundPublic sentiments arising from public opinion communication pose a serious psychological risk to public and interfere the communication of nonpharmacological intervention information during the COVID-19 pandemic. Problems caused by public sentiments need to be timely addressed and resolved to support public opinion management.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the quantified multidimensional public sentiments characteristics for helping solve the public sentiments issues and strengthen public opinion management.MethodsThis study collected the user interaction data from the Weibo platform, including 73,604 Weibo posts and 1,811,703 Weibo comments. Deep learning based on pretraining model, topics clustering and correlation analysis were used to conduct quantitative analysis on time series characteristics, content-based characteristics and audience response characteristics of public sentiments in public opinion during the pandemic.ResultsThe research findings were as follows: first, public sentiments erupted after priming, and the time series of public sentiments had window periods. Second, public sentiments were related to public discussion topics. The more negative the audience sentiments were, the more deeply the public participated in public discussions. Third, audience sentiments were independent of Weibo posts and user attributes, the steering role of opinion leaders was invalid in changing audience sentiments.DiscussionSince the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increasing demand for public opinion management on social media. Our study on the quantified multidimensional public sentiments characteristics is one of the methodological contributions to reinforce public opinion management from a practical perspective.
Impacts of short-term air pollution exposure on appendicitis admissions: Evidence from one of the most polluted cities in mainland China
Authors: Ji Yanhu , Su Xuefeng , Zhang Fengying , Huang Zepeng , Zhang Xiaowei , Chen Yueliang , Song Ziyi , Li Liping 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundEmerging evidence indicates that air pollutants contribute to the development and progression of gastrointestinal diseases. However, there is scarce evidence of an association with appendicitis in mainland China.MethodsIn this study, Linfen city, one of the most polluted cities in mainland China, was selected as the study site to explore whether air pollutants could affect appendicitis admissions and to identify susceptible populations. Daily data on appendicitis admissions and three principal air pollutants, including inhalable particulate matter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were collected in Linfen, China. The impacts of air pollutants on appendicitis were studied by using a generalized additive model (GAM) combined with the quasi-Poisson function. Stratified analyses were also performed by sex, age, and season.ResultsWe observed a positive association between air pollution and appendicitis admissions. For a 10 μg/m3 increase in pollutants at lag01, the corresponding relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were 1.0179 (1.0129–1.0230) for PM10, 1.0236 (1.0184–1.0288) for SO2, and 1.0979 (1.0704–1.1262) for NO2. Males and people aged 21–39 years were more susceptible to air pollutants. Regarding seasons, the effects seemed to be stronger during the cold season, but there was no statistically significant difference between the seasonal groups.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that short-term air pollution exposure was significantly correlated with appendicitis admissions, and active air pollution interventions should be implemented to reduce appendicitis hospitalizations, especially for males and people aged 21–39 years.
Initiating free-flow communication in trust games
Authors: Babin J. Jobu , Chauhan Haritima S. 
Published: March 2023

Theory suggests a first-mover advantage in many strategic bargaining situations, yet often the first to make an offer is not the first to communicate. We report the results of experimental trust games conducted on mobile devices allowing free-flow computer-mediated communication (CMC) rather than pre-play. Free-flow CMC leads to increased trust and overall welfare, where the majority of increased benefit goes to second movers. Using timestamps in chat logs, we find that first-movers most often initiate communication, but there is no direct benefit to doing so. Linguistic analysis of chat logs reveals significant bargaining and screening/signaling content.JEL codesC78, C91, C92, D8, D63, D71.
The association between the composition of the early-life intestinal microbiome and eczema in the first year of life
Authors: Leo Stefano , Cetiner Omer Faruk , Pittet Laure F. , Messina Nicole L. , Jakob William , Falquet Laurent , Curtis Nigel , Zimmermann Petra 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe early-life intestinal microbiome plays a crucial role in the development and regulation of the immune system. Perturbations in its composition during this critical period have been linked to the development of allergic diseases.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association between the composition of the early-life intestinal microbiome and the presence of eczema in the first year of life using shotgun metagenomic sequencing and functional analyses (metabolic pathways).MethodsStool samples from 393 healthy term infants collected at 1 week of age were analyzed with shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Environmental and clinical data were prospectively collected using 3-monthly validated questionnaires. Participants were clinically assessed during study visits at 12 months of age. Eczema was diagnosed by the UK diagnostic tool and by a research nurse. Data analysis was stratified by delivery mode.ResultsEczema was diagnosed in 16.4% (60/366) of participants by nurse diagnosis. Infants born by cesarean section (CS) with nurse-diagnosed eczema had a higher relative abundance of Escherichia, Shigella, Enterobacter, and Citrobacter and a lower relative abundance of Veillonella than CS-born infants without eczema. In addition, CS-born infants without eczema had a higher abundance of genes involved in lactic fermentation. Vaginally born infants with eczema had a higher relative abundance of Bacteroides and a lower abundance of Streptococcus.ConclusionThere is an association between the bacterial composition of the intestinal microbiome at 1 week of age and the presence of eczema in the first 12 months of life.
Mixed-reality-based human-animal interaction can relieve mental stress
Authors: Na Heewon , Dong Suh-Yeon 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionInteracting with animals has been demonstrated to possess the healing benefits to humans. However, there are limitations in physical interaction due to COVID-19 and safety issues. Therefore, as an alternative, we created mixed-reality (MR)-based human-animal interaction (HAI) content and experimentally verified its effect on mental stress reduction.MethodsWe created three types of interactive content: observing the movement of a non-reactive virtual cat, interacting with a virtual cat whose responses can be seen, and interacting with a virtual cat whose responses can be both seen and heard. The experiment was performed by 30 healthy young women, and a mental arithmetic task was used to induce mild mental stress before experiencing each content. During the experiment, the subject's electrocardiogram was continuously recorded, and the psychological state was evaluated through a questionnaire.ResultsThe results showed that MR-based virtual cat content significantly reduces mental stress and induces positive emotions after stressful situations. In particular, when the virtual cat provided audiovisual feedback, the activation amount of the parasympathetic nervous system and the increase of positive emotions were the greatest.DiscussionBased on this encouraging research result, this method should be further investigated to see if it can replace real HAI for human mental health management.