bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crush syndrome: a review for prehospital providers and emergency clinicians
Authors: Usuda Daisuke , Shimozawa Shintaro , Takami Hiroki , Kako Yoshinobu , Sakamoto Taigo , Shimazaki Junya , Inoue Junichi , Nakayama Shinichi , Koido Yuichi , Oba Jiro 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Disasters and accidents have occurred with increasing frequency in recent years. Primary disasters have the potential to result in mass casualty events involving crush syndrome (CS) and other serious injuries. Prehospital providers and emergency clinicians stand on the front lines of these patients’ evaluation and treatment. However, the bulk of our current knowledge, derived from historical data, has remained unchanged for over ten years. In addition, no evidence-based treatment has been established to date.

Objective
This narrative review aims to provide a focused overview of, and update on, CS for both prehospital providers and emergency clinicians.

Discussion
CS is a severe systemic manifestation of trauma and ischemia involving soft tissue, principally skeletal muscle, due to prolonged crushing of tissues. Among earthquake survivors, the reported incidence of CS is 2–15%, and mortality is reported to be up to 48%. Patients with CS can develop cardiac failure, kidney dysfunction, shock, systemic inflammation, and sepsis. In addition, late presentations include life-threatening systemic effects such as hypovolemic shock, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Immediately beginning treatment is the single most important factor in reducing the mortality of disaster-situation CS. In order to reduce complications from CS, early, aggressive resuscitation is recommended in prehospital settings, ideally even before extrication. However, in large-scale natural disasters, it is difficult to diagnose CS, and to reach and start treatments such as continuous administration of massive amounts of fluid, diuresis, and hemodialysis, on time. This may lead to delayed diagnosis of, and high on-site mortality from, CS. To overcome these challenges, new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities in the CS animal model have recently been advanced.

Conclusions
Patient outcomes can be optimized by ensuring that prehospital providers and emergency clinicians maintain a comprehensive understanding of CS. The field is poised to undergo significant advances in coming years, given recent developments in what is considered possible both technologically and surgically; this only serves to further emphasize the importance of the field, and the need for ongoing research.
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals multiple chemoresistant properties in leukemic stem and progenitor cells in pediatric AML
Authors: Zhang Yongping , Jiang Shuting , He Fuhong , Tian Yuanyuan , Hu Haiyang , Gao Li , Zhang Lin , Chen Aili , Hu Yixin , Fan Liyan , Yang Chun , Zhou Bi , Liu Dan , Zhou Zihan , Su Yanxun , Qin Lei , Wang Yi , He Hailong , Lu Jun , Xiao Peifang , Hu Shaoyan , Wang Qian-Fei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Cancer patients can achieve dramatic responses to chemotherapy yet retain resistant tumor cells, which ultimately results in relapse. Although xenograft model studies have identified several cellular and molecular features that are associated with chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), to what extent AML patients exhibit these properties remains largely unknown.

Results
We apply single-cell RNA sequencing to paired pre- and post-chemotherapy whole bone marrow samples obtained from 13 pediatric AML patients who had achieved disease remission, and distinguish AML clusters from normal cells based on their unique transcriptomic profiles. Approximately 50% of leukemic stem and progenitor populations actively express leukemia stem cell (LSC) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) signatures, respectively. These clusters have a higher chance of tolerating therapy and exhibit an enhanced metabolic program in response to treatment. Interestingly, the transmembrane receptor CD69 is highly expressed in chemoresistant hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-like populations (named the CD69+ HSC-like subpopulation). Furthermore, overexpression of CD69 results in suppression of the mTOR signaling pathway and promotion of cell quiescence and adhesion in vitro. Finally, the presence of CD69+ HSC-like cells is associated with unfavorable genetic mutations, the persistence of residual tumor cells in chemotherapy, and poor outcomes in independent pediatric and adult public AML cohorts.

Conclusions
Our analysis reveals leukemia stem cell and OXPHOS as two major chemoresistant features in human AML patients. CD69 may serve as a potential biomarker in defining a subpopulation of chemoresistant leukemia stem cells. These findings have important implications for targeting residual chemo-surviving AML cells.
Effects of host species on microbiota composition in Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia sand flies
Authors: Tabbabi Ahmed , Mizushima Daiki , Yamamoto Daisuke S. , Kato Hirotomo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Blood-sucking phlebotomine sand flies are vectors of the protozoan parasites Leishmania spp. Although the intestinal microbiota is involved in a wide range of biological and physiological processes and has the potential to alter vector competence, little is known about the factors that modify the gut microbiota composition of sand flies. As a key step toward addressing this issue, we investigated the impact of host species on the gut bacterial composition in Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia sand flies reared under the same conditions.

Methods
Bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplification and Illumina MiSeq sequencing were used to characterize the overall bacterial composition of three laboratory-reared sandflies: Phlebotomus papatasi, Ph. duboscqi, and Lutzomyia longipalpis.

Results
Our results showed that the larvae of the three sand fly species harbored almost the same microbes but had different relative abundances. Adult Ph. papatasi and Ph. duboscqi revealed similar microbiome compositions, which were distinct from that of adult Lu. longipalpis. Furthermore, we showed that Ph. papatasi and Ph. duboscqi are hosts for different bacterial genera. The experiment was repeated twice to improve accuracy and increase reliability of the data, and the same results were obtained even when a distinct composition of the microbiome among the same species was identified probably because of the use of different larvae food batch.

Conclusions
The present study provides key insights into the role of host species in the gut microbial content of different sand fly species reared under the same conditions, which may influence their susceptibility to Leishmania infection.

Graphical Abstract
Academic performance and social networks of adolescents in a caribbean city in Colombia
Authors: López-Sánchez Milton , Arango-Paternina Carlos Mario , Petro-Petro Jose , Lema-Gómez Lucía , Eusse-López Cleiber , Petro Jorge Luis , Watts-Fernández Willinton , Perea-Velásquez Fabio 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Social factors and networks of friends can influence an adolescent’s behavior, including academic performance (AP) in school. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between AP and adolescents’ social networks in a Caribbean city in Colombia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out with 806 schoolchildren from 12 to 17 years old of both sexes (52.7% girls), selected by multi-stage sampling from schools in the rural and urban areas of the city of Montería, Colombia. The AP was obtained from the school records; the sociodemographic variables included the location of the school (rural or urban), family structure, family functioning (Apgar score), and family affluence scale. Social network variables included social activity, popularity, reciprocity, homophily, friends’ academic performance, network size, network density, cluster of friends, and centrality.

Results
The AP was inversely associated with the Apgar score in boys. No associations of AP with the school location, family structure, family affluence scale, and age were observed. In social network variables, AP was positively associated with popularity and friends’ academic performance in girls and boys, and negatively associated with homophily in boys.

Conclusions
AP was associated with social network variables. These results could help implement interventions to improve adolescents’ social environment and AP.
Real-World Use of Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography and Reported Deauville Scores in Advanced-Stage Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Community Oncology Practice Perspective
Authors: Yasenchak Christopher , Liu Nicholas , Beeks April , Fanale Michelle , Robert Nicholas , He Ding , Yu Kristina S. 
Published: August 2023

PURPOSE To evaluate the use of interim positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scans and Deauville 5-point scale (5PS) score reporting for stage III/IV classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) treated frontline (1L) in community oncology settings. METHODS This retrospective, observational study included adults with stage III/IV cHL initiating 1L doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD), brentuximab vedotin, doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine, or an escalated dosing regimen of bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone within the US Oncology Network between January 2017 and October 2019. Data were collected from electronic health records and chart reviews and summarized descriptively. RESULTS A total of 262 patients were included; 48.9% were age 39 years or younger. Most were male (57%), White (59%), had an International Prognostic Score <4 (76%), and received 1L ABVD (74%). Forty-nine percent of patients had stage III and 51% had stage IV cHL. Of 258 patients with ≥1 PET-CT scan, 71% (n = 184) had an interim scan and 64% received ≥1 scan at an off-site location. Of patients treated 1L with ABVD who received a baseline and interim scan, Deauville 5PS scores were not documented for 45% of patients; in 90% of these cases, a standardized uptake value (SUV) was reported. CONCLUSION In community oncology settings, under-reporting of Deauville 5PS scores for interim PET-CT scans was observed. In the absence of Deauville 5PS scores, SUV results were generally provided. These results highlight educational opportunities that exist for PET-adapted ABVD, including consistency in reporting/utilization of Deauville 5PS scores to de-escalate or escalate treatment.
Defining Priorities in Value-Based Cancer Care: Insights From the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology National Cooperative Group Survey
Authors: Allen Casey J. , Snyder Rebecca A. , Horn Danea Marie , Hudson Matthew F. , Barber Anne , Smieliauskas Fabrice , Spears Patty A. , Edge Stephen , Greenup Rachel A. 
Published: August 2023

PURPOSE We determine how stakeholders prioritize the importance of oncologic outcomes, patient-reported outcomes (PROs), and cancer-related health care costs. METHODS A survey was distributed to the National Clinical Trials Network Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology cooperative group membership from May 14 to June 30, 2022. Respondents were asked to rate (5-point Likert scale) and rank (1-9) evidence-based value domains: overall survival, treatment toxicities/complications, quality of life (QOL), financial toxicity, access to care, compliance with evidence-based care, health system performance, scientific discovery and innovation, and cost to the health care system. RESULTS A total of 514 members responded, including researchers (24.7%), nurses (19.5%), medical oncologists (17.9%), administrators (9.3%), surgical and radiation oncologists (9.1%), patient advocates (3.1%), and nonphysician providers (16.4%). Participants represented various practice settings including National Cancer Institute–designated cancer centers (29.8%), university-affiliated academic cancer centers (21%), hospital-owned oncology practices (21.8%), and others (27.4%). There was agreement in how respondents prioritized value domains (W = 0.39, P < .001). Respondents ranked patient QOL (mean rank: 2.6 ± 1.9) as most important above all other metrics including survival (mean rank: 3.5 ± 0.3) and access to care (mean rank: 3.5 ± 2.1; P < .001). Members engaged in direct patient care also ranked access to care of higher importance than nonclinicians ( P = .026). Cost to the health care system (mean rank: 7.5 ± 2.1) and health system performance (mean rank: 7 ± 2) were ranked as least important ( P < .001). Inclusion of PROs into therapeutic assessment (59.3%) was the most frequently selected priority of future cooperative group initiatives. CONCLUSION Oncology community stakeholders deemed patient-centered value domains as most important and considered patient QOL the highest priority. Inclusion of PROs into clinical trials was endorsed as an important component of therapeutic assessment. These findings can be taken into consideration when creating a value framework for inclusion in cancer clinical trials.
Elevated Blood Pressure and Aldosterone Dysregulation in Young Black Women Versus White Women on Controlled Sodium Diets
Authors: Yuan Yan Emily , Haas Andrea V , Rosner Bernard , Adler Gail K , Williams Gordon H 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Context
Black women have a higher prevalence of hypertension as compared to White women. Differences in dietary sodium intake have been implicated as a contributing factor for the disparities in hypertension.

Objective
Our objective was to understand whether young Black women would have higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) than White women even on controlled sodium diets and to determine whether SBP differences were due to differences in dietary sodium intake and/or aldosterone regulation.

Design
The analyses included 525 hypertensive and normotensive women (ages 18-71) from the International Hypertensive Pathotype consortium, who were maintained on liberal sodium (LIB; &gt;200 mEq sodium/day) and restricted sodium (RES; 10 mEq sodium/day) diets.

Results
Multivariate regression analyses (adjusted for age, race, study site, body mass index) found that Black women (ages 18-50) had significantly higher SBP than White women on both sodium diets: +8.7 ± 2.7 mmHg (P-value = .002) on a LIB diet and +8.5 ± 2.5 mmHg (P-value = .001) on a RES diet. Even among 18- to 35-year-olds—who were normotensive and nonobese—Black women had higher SBP: +7.9 ± 2.4 mmHg (P-value = .001) on a LIB diet and +7.6 ± 2.7 mmHg (P-value = .005) on a RES diet. Younger Black women also had higher plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity ratio (ARR) on both LIB and RES diets as well as a higher sodium-modulated aldosterone suppression-stimulation index—an indicator of aldosterone dysregulation. In younger Black women—but not in White women—there was a significant association between SBP and ARR on both LIB and RES diets.

Conclusion
Young Black women had increased SBP and ARR as compared to White women on LIB and RES diets, which offers insights into the possible mechanisms for the increased hypertension and cardiovascular disease risk in an at-risk and understudied population.
Haemorrhagic pericardial effusion as the presenting symptom of scurvy
Authors: Joulal Hajar , Yousfi Jaouad , Benjilali Laïla , Zahlane Mouna , Essaadouni Lamiaa 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Vitamin C deficiency (or scurvy) usually takes weeks to become apparent as cutaneous signs and impaired wound healing. Haemorrhagic pericarditis remains a rare complication of scurvy, which has never been reported as an isolated condition. We report the case of a haemorrhagic pericarditis revealing a vitamin C deficiency in a 56-year-old patient. Case description: A 56-year-old woman presented with a 2-week history of worsening chest pain and dyspnoea, with no significant medical history. Upon admission, the patient exhibited tachycardia, tachypnoea, low blood pressure, elevated jugular venous pressure, muffled heart sounds and multiple petechiae on her lower limbs. An ultrasound revealed a large pericardial effusion, and an emergency pericardiocentesis was performed, which yielded haemorrhagic fluid without atypical cells. An initial workup including haemoculture, PT and PTT, tuberculosis workup, autoantibodies, tumour markers and infectious disease was negative. A whole-body CT scan showed no evidence of tuberculosis or lymphoma. Additional testing showed that her vitamin C level was <3 umol/L. Following stabilisation, high-dose vitamin C therapy was initiated. Subsequently, she showed continued clinical improvement and remained asymptomatic upon her discharge. Discussion: While uncommon, it is crucial to investigate vitamin C deficiency when confronted with an unexplained haemorrhagic pericardial effusion, particularly in patients with risk factors. Conclusion: Our case highlights the significance of early detection of this condition in promptly addressing the diverse complications of scurvy, thereby enhancing the prognosis of a potentially fatal condition.
Assessing the Effects of Microwave Treatments on Rice Quality and Mortality of Adult Maize Weevil, Sitophilus zeamais
Authors: McKay Tanja , Luthra Kaushik , Starkus Laura A. , Owusu Evans Ameyaw , Siebenmorgen Justin W. , Atungulu Griffiths 
Published: August 2023

Highlights

The study provides insight to microwave technology and the effects of Sitophilus zeamais mortality on rough rice and brown rice that has been previously dried.

The mortality of S. zeamais was highest at 5 kW at 90 s, with 98 and 100% mortality for rough rice and brown rice, respectively.

Using a microwave power of 5 kW for 90 s on rough rice did not affect head rice yield (HRY), color, or pasting characteristics.

For brown rice, a shorter duration of 34 or 60 s at 5 kW or 3 kW for 90 s is recommended to avoid a reduction in HRY.

Abstract. A laboratory study was conducted to determine if an industrial microwave could kill Sitophilus zeamais infesting rough rice and brown rice. The rough rice and brown rice samples were comprised of previously air-dried long-grain hybrid (RT 7521 FP) cultivars at initial moisture contents of 11.3 and 12.7% wet basis (w.b.), respectively. Samples (250 g) were infested with ten S. zeamais adults and heated with a microwave power of 3 and 5 kW for 34, 60, and 90 s. The effects of microwave treatments on moisture, head rice yield (HRY), rice color, and pasting characteristics were evaluated. The mortality of S. zeamais was highest at 5 kW at 90 s, with 98% and 100% mortality for rough rice and brown rice, respectively. Rough rice treated at 5 kW at 90 s did result in significantly lower moisture content than the control; however, HRY, color, and pasting characteristics were not significantly different than the controls. Brown rice treated at 5 kW for 90 s resulted in lower moisture content, and there was a significant decrease in the HRY (28.4%) compared to the control (56.2%). No differences in color and some variations in pasting characteristics were observed when compared to the controls. For brown rice, we recommended a shorter duration of 34 or 60 s at 5 kW or 3 kW for 90 s be used to avoid a reduction in HRY and pasting characteristics. Keywords: Brown rice, Maize weevil, Microwave drying, Rough rice.
How do middle-aged patients and their healthcare providers manage multimorbidity? Results of a qualitative study
Authors: Dinh Truc Sophia , Brünn Robin , Schwarz Christine , Brueckle Maria-Sophie , Dieckelmann Mirjam , González González Ana I. , van den Akker Marjan 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundIt is particularly difficult for healthcare providers to deliver optimal medical care to multimorbid middle-aged persons because patients’ professional activities, family lives, and other everyday responsibilities hinder them from making necessary lifestyle changes. Our aim was to find out how patients and healthcare providers view and manage the problems of dealing with multimorbidity in middle age.Methods and findingsThis qualitative study consisted of three steps. First, we conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with 15 purposively sampled middle-aged persons living with multimorbidity to explore the experiences of care in the context of their leisure time, family lives, and work. Second, further individual interviews were carried out to find out the views of 14 healthcare providers. Third, the results of the interviews with patients and healthcare providers were presented to and discussed with four healthcare providers at an interprofessional workshop. Interview data was coded using an inductive-deductive approach and analyzed using content analysis. While patients reflected on challenges in several life domains, healthcare providers differentiated between levels of challenges. Both shared recommendations for better care including i) helping patients cope, ii) providing relief in activities of daily living, iii) continuity of care, iv) interprofessional cooperation, v) health promotion/prevention, vi) expansion of health services and vii) general system-level changes. Furthermore, the healthcare provider workshop highlighted the importance of increasing patient-centeredness, reducing complexity through a care coordinator and promoting interprofessional cooperation/networking.ConclusionsTo further improve the care of patients living with multimorbidity, barriers to managing multiple chronic conditions and facilitators to navigating complex care scenarios should be explored not only for people beyond working age, but for individuals in their mid-life specifically.
Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Terminalia coriacea (Roxb.) Wight and Arn. Leaves against Foodborne Pathogens
Authors: PATEL JITENDRA , SHIVA KUMAR G. , PATEL VIJAY K. 
Published: August 2023

Pathogens spread on food items during the stages of storage, transit and processing. Thus, the eradication of these microorganisms holds significant importance. Ethanolic extract of Terminalia coriacea was used against Escherichia coli NCIM2134, Pseudomonas aeroginosa NCIM2037, Klebsiella pneumonia NCIM2706, Bacillus subtilis NCIM2920, Staphylococcus aureus NCIM5345 and Staphylococcus epidermidis NCIM5755 by disk diffusion and microdilution methods to evaluate the antibacterial activity. The ethanolic extract of Terminalia coriacea (Roxb.) leaves gave significant activity against all tested species of bacteria, which was compared to the standard disinfectant of 0.1% of commercial chlorhexidine. The inhibitions zones ranged from 6.45 ± 0.82 to 9.52 ± 0.30 for different bacterial strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was observed, ranging from 0.73 mg/mL to 1.35 mg/mL and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was observed, ranging from 0.73 mg/mL to 2.50 mg/mL. Based on the obtained results, it is suggested that the T. coriacea demonstrates antimicrobial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains commonly encountered in food products. This plant extract can be further developed for the sanitizing of food items.
Solubility Studies of Sulfates of Copper, Zinc and Cobalt in Phosphoric Acid at 30 ºC
Authors: Samadiy Murodjon , RAMAZONOVA DILBAR , UMAROV SHAVKAT , SHAMISHOVA AISHOLPAN , MAMATOVA KHILOLA , AYAKULOV NURBEK , SAMADIY MURODJON 
Published: August 2023

Present study reports the isothermal experiments conducted at 30 ºC to ascertain the solubility of copper, zinc and cobalt sulfates in phosphoric acid. The solubility diagram of CuSO4-H3PO4-H2O system is shown to have one branch, this is equivalent to the discharge of copper sulfate pentahydrate into the equilibrium solid phase. The solubility diagrams of zinc and cobalt sulfates have two branches of salt crystallization, corresponding to the release of hexahydrates and monohydrates of zinc and cobalt with increasing phosphoric acid content, saturated solutions in the ZnSO4-H3PO4-H2O and CoSO4-H3PO4-H2O systems become more viscous and denser, reaching a maximum at the transition point, while these indicators in the CuSO4-H3PO4-H2O system only increase.