Analysis of exclusive breastfeeding and history of infectious diseases for wasting in children aged 12 - 59 months
Authors: Farida Jauharotul , Salimo Harsono , Sumardiyono Sumardiyono 
Published: January 2025

<p dir="ltr"><span><strong>ABSTRAK</strong> </span></p><p dir="ltr"><span>Latar Belakang: </span><span>Indonesia menghadapi beban tinggi wasting pada anak. Secara global pada tahun 2018, 1 dari 10 balita mengalami berat badan di bawah normal atau status gizi terlalu kurus</span><span>untuk seusianya. Berdasarkan Survei Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2023, prevalensi status gizi (BB/TB) pada anak usia 0-59 bulan di Indonesia mencapai 8,5%. Di Jawa Tengah prevalensi BB/TB tercatat sebesar 7,1% (wasting = 5,5% dan severely wasting = 1,6%), sementara Kudus memiliki prevalensi 8,7% di atas rata-rata </span><span>Jawa</span><span> Tengah. Banyak faktor yang diketahui berkontribusi terhadap wasting diantaranya: pemberian ASI eksklusif dan asupan vitamin A yang tidak memadai; pemberian MP-ASI yang kurang berkualitas; balita yang menderita sakit seperti diare, ISPA, kecacingan, dan penyakit infeksi lainnya; imunisasi tidak lengkap; keterlambatan penanganan balita yang sakit; dan lingkungan rumah yang kurang bersih.</span></p><p dir="ltr"><span>Tujuan: </span><span>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pemberian ASI eksklusif dan riwayat penyakit infeksi (diare, ISPA, dan tuberkulosis) dengan kejadian wasting pada anak usia 12</span><span>-</span><span>59 bulan.</span></p><p dir="ltr"><span>Metode: </span><span> Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah case control dengan 150 anak balita sebagai subjek penelitian (50 wasting dan 100 gizi normal). Pengambilan data dilakukan pengukuran BB dan TB menggunakan alat ukur digital, serta wawancara kepada orang tua/wali menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan bivariat menggunakan chi-square.</span></p><p dir="ltr"><span>Hasil: </span><span>Variabel yang mempunyai hubungan dan secara signifikan dengan kejadian Wasting pada anak usia 12-59 bulan adalah pemberian ASI eksklusif (p-value=0.018). Sedangkan riwayat penyakit infeksi Diare (p-value=0.271), ISPA (p-value=0.950), dan Tuberkulosis (p-value=1.000) tidak mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian Wasting di Kabupaten Kudus. </span></p><p dir="ltr"><span>Kesimpulan: </span><span>Pemberian ASI eksklusif pada anak balita mempunyai korelasi dengan kejadian wasting. Pemenuhan nutrisi balita dengan ASI eksklusif dapat menguatkan imunitas tubuh pada anak terhadap berbagai macam penyakit infeksi.</span></p><span><span><br /></span></span><p dir="ltr"><span>KATA KUNCI</span><span>: </span><span>wasting; ASI eksklusif; diare; ISPA; tuberkulosis </span></p><span><span><br /></span></span><p dir="ltr"> </p><p dir="ltr"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p dir="ltr"><span>Background: </span><span>Indonesia faces a high burden of wasting among children. Globally, 1 in 10 toddlers were underweight or wasting for their age in 2018. According to the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey, the prevalence of nutritional status (weight/height) among children aged 0-59 months in Indonesia reached 8.5%. In Central Java, the prevalence was 7.1% (wasting = 5.5% and severely wasting = 1.6%), while Kudus had a prevalence of 8.7%, above the Central Java average. Many factors are known to contribute to wasting, including inadequate exclusive breastfeeding and vitamin A intake; poor-quality complementary feeding (MP-ASI</span><span>; </span><span>illnesses such as diarrhea, acute respiratory infections (ARI), worm infections, and other infectious diseases; incomplete immunization; delayed treatment of sick toddlers; and poor household hygiene. </span><span>Objectives: </span><span>This study aims to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and a history of infectious diseases (Diarrhea, ARI, and Tuberculosis) with the incidence of wasting in children aged 12-59 months.</span></p><p dir="ltr"><span>Methods: </span><span>This case-control study involved 150 children (50 with wasting and 100 with normal nutrition status). Data was collected through Weight measurement using digital scales, Height measurement using digital TB measuring instruments, and interviews with parents/guardians using questionnaires. The data analysis used was univariate using frequency distribution and bivariate using chi-square.</span></p><p dir="ltr"><span>Results: </span><span>The variable that has a significant relationship with the incidence of wasting in children aged 12-59 months is exclusive breastfeeding (p-value = 0.018). In comparison, the history of infectious diseases diarrhea (p-value = 0.271), ARI (p-value = 0.950), and tuberculosis (p-value = 1.000) did not have a significant relationship with the incidence of Wasting in Kudus Regency.</span></p><p dir="ltr"><span>Conclusions: </span><span>Exclusive breastfeeding in toddlers correlates with the incidence of wasting. Fulfilling toddler nutrition with exclusive breastfeeding can strengthen the child's body's immunity against various infectious diseases.</span></p><span><span><br /></span></span><p dir="ltr"><strong>KEYWORDS</strong><span><strong>:</strong> <em><span id="docs-internal-guid-e44c3fac-7fff-7cb1-707f-6d5082d64978">wasting; exclusive breastfeeding; diarrhea; ARI; tuberculosis </span></em></span></p><p dir="ltr"><span><br /></span></p><div><p><em>Received: Nov 26, 2024; Revised: Nov 12 2024; Accepted: Nov 28, 2024; Available online: Nov 30, 2024; Published: Nov 30, 2024.</em></p><div><em><br /></em></div></div><p dir="ltr"><span><br /></span></p>