bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orbital Compartment Syndrome in Severe Burns: Predictive Factors, Timing, and Complications of Intervention
Authors: Echalier E. Lacey , Larochelle Ryan D. , Patnaik Jennifer L. , Echalier Benjamin R. , Wagner Anne , Hink Eric M. , Subramanian Prem S. , Liao Sophie D. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
Severe burn patients require high-volume fluid resuscitation, which increases risk for orbital compartment syndrome (OCS). We aimed to understand surgeons’ practice patterns and to examine risk factors for OCS, timing of lateral canthotomy and cantholysis (LCC), and complications of intervention.

Methods:
A survey of American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and North American Society of Academic Orbital Surgeons’ practice patterns in burn patients was undertaken. In addition, a retrospective analysis was conducted of 107 patients with burns greater than 20% total body surface area at 1 institution from January 1, 2009, to June 1, 2018. Patients with Stevens–Johnson Syndrome or Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, frostbite, or no ophthalmologic consultation were excluded. Risk factors for OCS, timing of LCC, and complications of the intervention were examined.

Results:
In the survey, 37 of 54 respondents had treated burn patients, of which 29 followed no protocol. Threshold intraocular pressure for intervention varied widely, and nearly all reported having seen complications from LCC in burn patients. For the retrospective analysis, 107 patients met criteria, of which 22 (20.6%) required LCC. Renal failure, inhalation injury, eyelid burns, higher total body surface area, elevated lactate, increased number of escharotomies, and greater total fluid required were significantly associated with the clinical decision that the patient was at risk for OCS requiring LCC. Fluid resuscitation in excess of the Ivy Index (250 ml/kg) increased odds of LCC 8.6 times. Average time of LCC was 15.8 hours after burn. LCC patients experienced higher rates of complications including eyelid retraction, exposure keratopathy, and corneal ulceration.

Conclusions:
Severe burn patients should be monitored closely by an ophthalmologist during the first 48 hours for signs of OCS. Further studies should aim to recommend protocols guiding evaluation and intervention.
SS-OCT–based ocular biometry in an adult Korean population with cataract
Authors: Kim Seonghwan , Oh Richul , Kim Mee Kum , Yoon Chang Ho 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the characteristics of ocular biometric parameters in adult Korean patients with cataract.

Setting:
Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.

Design:
Retrospective case series.

Methods:
Ocular biometric values of 5273 eyes of 5273 Korean patients undergoing cataract surgery measured with the IOLMaster 700 at the Seoul National University Hospital between November 2019 and December 2021 were reviewed.

Results:
A total of 5273 eyes of 5273 Korean patients were analyzed. The mean ± SD age was 66.1 ± 12.8 years, and 62% were female. Overall, age and ocular biometric parameters were correlated with each other. Particularly, age showed a negative correlation with anterior chamber depth (ACD; r = −0.357), axial length (AL; r = −0.344), and posterior keratometry (PK; r = −0.054) and a positive correlation with lens thickness (LT; r = 0.484), angle α (r = 0.194), total keratometry (TK; r = 0.137), anterior keratometry (AK; r = 0.129), and angle κ (r = 0.071). AL showed a positive correlation with ACD (r = 0.503) and PK (r = 0.339) and a negative correlation with AK (r = −0.342), TK (r = −0.334), LT (r = −0.288), angle α (r = −0.220), and angle κ (r = −0.040). With age, anterior and total corneal astigmatism changed from with-the-rule (WTR) to against-the-rule (ATR) astigmatism. Posterior corneal astigmatism was ATR regardless of age; however, the magnitude decreased with age.

Conclusions:
Age showed a significant correlation in the order of LT, ACD, and AL. With age, angle α and κ increased, and total corneal astigmatism changes from WTR to ATR, which is mainly affected by changes in anterior corneal astigmatism. AL showed a significant correlation in the order of ACD, AK, PK, and TK. These data are pertinent for improving the result after cataract surgery, especially when using premium intraocular lenses.
Visual outcomes and postoperative complications of eyes with dropped lens fragments during cataract surgery: multicenter database study
Authors: Fouad Yousef A. , Jabbehdari Sayena , Neuhouser Adam , Soliman Mohamed K. , Chandra Aman , Yang Yit C. , Sallam Ahmed B. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
To analyze the visual outcomes and postoperative complications of phacoemulsification cataract surgery in eyes with posterior capsule rupture (PCR) and dropped lens fragments (DLFs) in comparison with a reference group with uneventful surgery.

Setting:
8 UK National Health Service departments.

Design:
Retrospective comparative nonrandomized study.

Methods:
Demographic, medical history, and ocular examination data were automatically extracted from the electronic records. The main outcome variables were postoperative visual acuity (VA), and the development of postoperative cystoid macular edema (CME) as well as rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and epiretinal membrane (ERM) requiring surgery.

Results:
The analysis included 175 589 eyes in the reference group, 2751 eyes in the PCR group, and 519 eyes in the DLF group. During all postoperative intervals, the mean VA in the DLF and PCR groups was significantly worse than the reference group (P < .001). On multivariate analysis, the odds of having a VA ≤0.3 logMAR at 4 to 12 weeks postoperatively among eyes with DLF and PCR were 88% and 73% lower than the reference group (P < .001). More eyes developed CME in the DLF and PCR groups (P < .001). The odds of requiring RRD and ERM surgery were 3.6 and 2.1 times higher in the DLF group, and 1.8 and 1.3 times higher in the PCR group, respectively, as compared with the reference group.

Conclusions:
Eyes undergoing phacoemulsification complicated by PCR, and more so with DLF, have worse visual outcomes and higher chances of CME, ERM, and RRD when compared with uneventful surgery.
Evaluation of implantable collamer lens sizing developed by reviewing the horizontal compression-vault coefficient
Authors: Nakamura Tomoaki , Nishida Tomoya , Isogai Naoki , Kojima Takashi , Sugiyama Yasuo , Yoshida Yoko 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the implantable collamer lens (ICL)–sizing method using the partial regression coefficient of the implanted ICL size to review the conventional horizontal compression coefficient and match the results of clinical observation.

Setting:
Nagoya Eye Clinic, Nagoya, Japan.

Design:
Interventional case series.

Methods:
Patients who underwent ICL V4c implantation to correct myopia and myopic astigmatism were enrolled. The stepwise multiple regression analysis used achieved vault as a dependent variable and preoperative biometric parameters as explanatory variables. The partial regression coefficient of the implanted ICL size was obtained to develop the optimal ICL-sizing formula, the Nakamura-Kojima formula version 3 (NK-formula V3). 85 eyes of 45 patients were implanted with an ICL size recommended by the NK-formula V3. At 3 months postoperatively, the achieved vault was measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography to validate the NK-formula V3.

Results:
The study enrolled 174 patients (174 eyes). The partial regression coefficient of the implanted ICL size adopted as the compression-vault coefficient in the multiple regression equation predicting the vault was 0.729. To validate the NK-formula V3, 77 (90.6%), 7 (8.2%), and 1 (1.2%) eyes were in the moderate-vault, low-vault, and high-vault categories, respectively. The mean difference between the achieved and predicted vaults was 0.064 ± 0.190 (range: −0.264 to 0.742) mm for the NK-formula V3 and 0.176 ± 0.217 (range: −0.254 to 0.907) mm for the NK-formula V2.

Conclusions:
As in vivo coefficient measurement experiments are not possible, the partial regression coefficient is the best option for developing a formula to predict the optimal ICL size.
Efficacy and safety of the eight-chop technique in phacoemulsification for patients with cataract
Authors: Sato Tsuyoshi 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to estimate the efficacy of the 8-chop technique in phacoemulsification surgeries of patients with cataract.

Setting:
Sato Eye Clinic, Chiba-ken, Japan.

Design:
Prospective study.

Methods:
Patients were classified into 3 groups (Grade II, Grade III, and Grade IV; n = 50 each) according to the firmness of their lens nuclei. The Eight-chopper I was used for Grade II, Eight-chopper II for Grade III, and Lance-chopper for Grade IV. The best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), and endothelial cell density were evaluated at 7 and 19 weeks postoperatively. The primary outcome measures were the mean operative time, mean phaco time, cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), and volume of fluid used.

Results:
150 cataract surgeries were performed. The operative time (minutes), phaco time (seconds), CDE, and volume of fluid used (milliliters) differed significantly among the 3 groups, increasing in the following order: Grade II, Grade III, and Grade IV (P < .01). The corneal endothelial cell density did not decrease significantly in the 3 groups at 19 weeks postoperatively (P = .09). The rate of endothelial cell loss was 0.9% ± 5.9%, 1.0% ± 10.3%, and 5.3% ± 11.1% in the Grade II, III, and IV groups at 19 weeks postoperatively, respectively. There were significant reductions in the IOP at 7 and 19 weeks postoperatively compared with the preoperative IOP in the 3 groups (P < .01).

Conclusions:
The 8-chop technique was effective and safe in phacoemulsification for patients with cataracts with lens nuclei of varying hardness.
Two-surgeon, two-center evaluation of a new combined EDOF intraocular lens approach
Authors: Mastropasqua Leonardo , Pedrotti Emilio , Ruggeri Maria Ludovica , Vecchiarino Luca , Bonacci Erika , Guarini Daniele , Falconio Gennaro , Toto Lisa , Marchini Giorgio 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate visual performance and quality of life after bilateral implantation of 2 extended depth-of-focus intraocular lenses (EDOF IOLs).

Setting:
Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Italy, and Ophthalmic Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy.

Design:
Prospective clinical study.

Methods:
60 eyes of 30 patients with senile cataract were enrolled in this study. Patients underwent phacoemulsification and bilateral implantation of the Mini WELL IOL in the dominant eye and the Mini WELL PROXA IOL in the nondominant eye within a month. The main outcome measures over a 3-month follow-up period were uncorrected and corrected visual acuity at different distances (33 cm, 60 cm, and 4 m), defocus curve, contrast sensitivity, and patient satisfaction (evaluated by mean of the National Eye Institute Refractive Error Quality-of-Life instrument-42 questionnaire).

Results:
Binocular uncorrected visual acuity at 90 days was 0.03 ± 0.11 logMAR for long distance, 0.05 ± 0.10 logMAR for intermediate distance, 0.03 ± 0.08 logMAR at 40 cm, and 0.06 ± 0.08 logMAR at 33 cm. Statistically significant differences between the 2 EDOF IOLs in favor of Mini WELL PROXA IOL were observed for uncorrected near visual acuity at 40 and 33 cm (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively) and for distance-corrected near visual acuity at 40 cm (P < .001). Significant differences between the 2 IOLs in the defocus curves were reported.

Conclusions:
In this small pilot study, bilateral implantation of Mini WELL IOL and Mini WELL PROXA IOL achieved good quantity and quality of vision.
Acupuncture for cancer patients with nausea and vomiting: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Sung-A , Lim Sabina , Won Tiana , Yeo Sujung 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Nausea and vomiting are among the most common adverse effects experienced by cancer patients undergoing treatment worldwide. Their treatment with pharmacologic therapy can often be complicated by medication interactions and other unwanted side effects. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis protocol is to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture therapy for treating nausea and vomiting in patients with cancer.

Methods:
Three electronic databases and 2 clinical registry platforms will be searched from inception to May 2022: the MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase via Ovid, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials via the Cochrane Library, the World Health Organisation International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and National Institutes of Health Clinical trials.gov. Search terms will include nausea, vomiting, cancer, and acupuncture. Two researchers will independently select studies, extract data and assess the risk of bias. The primary outcome will be the incidence of nausea and/or vomiting or other validated outcome measures. Meta-analysis will be carried out using RevMan V.5.4. The quality of evidence from randomized clinical trials will be evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation System tool.

Results:
The results will provide a high-quality synthesis of evidence for clinicians in the field of oncology.

Conclusion:
The conclusion is expected to provide evidence to determine whether acupuncture is an effective and safe treatment for cancer patients with nausea and vomiting.
Effects of traditional Chinese exercise on vascular function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Jin , Wang Chen , Zhang Peizhen 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with an insidious onset, usually characterized by memory impairment, visual-spatial skill impairment, executive dysfunction and personality behavioral changes. Studies have confirmed that vascular dysfunction may precede AD pathological changes and can present as vascular malformations, atherosclerosis, and impaired self-regulation, and can affect oxidative stress and amyloidosis. Therefore, it is important to improve or prevent vascular dysfunction in AD patients. Regular exercise can effectively inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species during the occurrence of AD and can improve the reduction of cerebral blood flow due to AD. Previous studies have shown that exercise can achieve superior clinical results in improving vascular function in AD patients. Therefore, we hypothesize that traditional Chinese exercises (TCEs) may have a good clinical effect in improving vascular function in patients with AD.

Methods:
We will search “PubMed,” “the Cochrane Library,” “Embase,” “Web of Science,” “CINAHL,” “ProQuest Dissertations and Theses,” and “ProQuest-Health & Medical Collection,” “CNKI,” “SinoMed,” “VIP,” and “Wanfang Data” to find randomized controlled trials of the effects of TCEs on AD vascular function from the creation of the database to the present, including at least 1 indicator in carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), middle cerebral artery mean flow velocity (MFV), blood indicators [Heme Oxidase-1 (HO-1), angiopoietin I (Ang I), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)], and arterial stiffness [(Ankle Brachial Index (ABI), pulse wave velocity (PWV)]. For the included literature, Excel 2019 will be used for data extraction and collection. For the indicators that can be netted for network meta-analysis, Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking for each exercise modality will be calculated with the help of Stata 16.0 and rank, where the higher the SUCRA score, the higher the ranking. For the indicators that cannot be netted, Review Manager 5.4 will be used for meta-analysis will be performed to evaluate the improvement effect of TCEs on AD patients.

Results:
This meta-analysis will further determine the efficacy and safety of TCEs on vascular function in AD patients.

Conclusion:
In this study, randomized controlled trials of the effects of TCEs on vascular function in AD patients will be selected to provide evidence-based medical evidence for promoting the application of TCEs by observing the order of advantages and disadvantages of various exercise modalities through network meta-analysis.
Blood glucose control with different treatment regimens in type 2 diabetes patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection: A retrospective study
Authors: Chertok Shacham Elena , Maman Nimra , Ishay Avraham 
Published: January 2023

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is closely associated with hyperglycemia and a worse prognosis in patients with a previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A few studies investigated the effects of diabetes treatment regimens in these patients during hospitalization. Here, we evaluate the impact of insulin and non-insulin therapy on glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes admitted with COVID-19.
This is a retrospective study including 359 COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to diabetes treatment during hospitalization. The first group included patients treated with insulin only, and the second group patients treated with other antidiabetic agents with or without insulin. Average blood glucose was higher in the insulin-only treatment group (201 ± 66 mg/dL vs 180 ± 71 mg/dL, P = .004), even after excluding mechanically ventilated patients (192 ± 69 vs 169 ± 59 mg/dL, P = .003). In patients with moderate severity of COVID-19, average blood glucose was also significantly higher in the insulin-only treated group (197 ± 76 vs 168 ± 51 mg/dL, P = .001). Most patients (80%) in the combination treatment group received metformin. Moderately affected COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes could safely be treated with antihyperglycemic medications with or without insulin.
Monochorea after acute contralateral pontine infarction: A case report
Authors: Hwang Yun Su , Shin Byoung-Soo , Ryu Han Uk , Kang Hyun Goo 
Published: January 2023

Rationale:
Chorea is a hyperkinetic movement characterized by random, brief, and involuntary muscle contractions. In stroke, a common cause of chorea, basal ganglia are anatomical locations that can cause chorea when a stroke occurs, and chorea is less frequently triggered by a stroke in other anatomical brain regions. Herein, we report a rare case of monochorea after acute contralateral pontine infarction.

Patient concerns:
A 32-year-old man visited the emergency room due to dysarthria and right hemiparesis that occurred approximately 6 hours and 30 minutes before the visit. A brain magnetic resonance image confirmed a diffusion restriction lesion in the left pons. The patient was initially diagnosed with acute infarction at the left pons and began to receive medical treatment with an antiplatelet agent and statin with admission.

Diagnosis:
Approximately 14 hours after the onset of the initial stroke symptoms, the patient complained of involuntary movement in the right arm for the first time. Intermittent, irregular involuntary movements were observed in the distal part of the right arm. This symptom was unpredictable and random, and a similar symptom was not observed in other parts of the patient’s body. Clinically, post-stroke monochorea was suspected.

Interventions and outcomes:
The symptom improved from day 5 without specific medical treatment for chorea.

Lessons:
The monochorea caused by the pontine lesion in this case was triggered by the direct lesions of the corticospinal tract, and its underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. However, abnormal movements can occur due to inadequate downstream activation or inhibition of the corticospinal tract, which is induced by functional abnormalities of the motor cortex. This case suggests that further investigation is needed on the mechanisms of direct corticospinal tract lesions for chorea.
The impact of wearing powered air purifying respirators or N95 masks on the olfactory function in healthcare workers: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xia Xiao , Liu Shixu , Xia Kun , Liu Yanyi , Zhang Jinzhi , Liu Xiaohong , Yao Yuhao , Li Guangxi 
Published: January 2023

Background:
With the Coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, wearing a mask has become routine to prevent and control the virus’s spread, especially for healthcare workers. However, the impact of long-term mask wear on the human body has not been adequately investigated. This study aimed to investigate whether Powered Air Purifying Respirators and N95 masks impact the olfaction in healthcare workers.

Methods:
We recruited fifty-six healthcare workers and randomly divided them into 2 groups, wearing a powered air purifying respirator (PAPR) (experiment group, N = 28) and an N95 mask (control group, N = 28). Olfactory discrimination and threshold tests were performed before and after wearing the masks. SPSS 26.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois) software was used for the statistical analyses.

Results:
There was a statistical difference in the olfactory threshold test after wearing the mask in both PAPR Group (Z = –2.595, P = .009) and N95 Group (Z = –2.120, P = .034), with no significant difference between the 2 (χ
2 = 0.29, P = .589). There was no statistical difference in the discrimination test scores in both 2 groups after wearing the masks.

Conclusion:
Wearing a mask affects the healthcare workers’ olfaction, especially odor sensitivity. Healthcare workers have a higher olfactory threshold after long-term mask wear, whether wearing PAPRs or N95 masks.
Synchronous cutaneous malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and jejunal gastrointestinal stromal tumor and submucosal angiomyolipoma in type 1 neurofibromatosis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Kim Kyung Jong , Kim Min Sung , Hong Ran , Lim Sung-Chul 
Published: January 2023

Rationale:
Type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1) is one of the most prevalent genetic conditions. NF1 is characterized by cutaneous plexiform neurofibromas and café au lait skin pigmentation, and is inherited in an autosomal dominant trait with mutation in the neurofibromin 1 gene on chromosome 17. Neurofibromin is involved in Ras proto-oncogene regulation. Accordingly, NF1 may lead to malignancies, with a lifetime cancer risk of 60%. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is the leading cause of mortality due to NF1. The relevance of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in NF1 is increasingly being reported in the literature and NF1-associated GIST has been identified to have an alternative molecular pathogenesis.

Patient concerns:
A 62-years-old female had a 7 × 5 cm growing back mass in the background of various sized cutaneous neurofibromas with café au lait spots. Computed tomography performed in the workup revealed a 4.1 cm enhancing mass near the ileal mesentery.

Diagnoses:
NF1 affected by cutaneous MPNST of the back, and synchronous GIST and submucosal angiomyolipoma (AML) of the jejunum.

Interventions:
The patient underwent laparoscopic jejunal mass excision, and excision and flap coverage for the back mass owing to the suspicion of multiple MPNSTs. However, the abdominal masses were diagnosed as GIST and AML following confirmation of the immunohistochemical profiles. Accordingly, the patient was administered adjuvant radiotherapy to the MPNST after surgery.

Outcomes:
Symptomatic improvements were achieved, and no subsequent relapses were observed.

Lessons:
Although MPNST and GIST are not rare neoplasm in NF1, only 2 case reports have been published on the synchronous occurrence of these tumors. Moreover, no case report has been published on AML in NF1, except 1 renal AML in segmental neurofibromatosis. Identifying the clinical and pathologic significances of the NF1 is important to achieve improved diagnostic accuracy.