bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unified dark energy from Chiral-Quintom model with a mixed potential in Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmology
Authors: Paliathanasis Andronikos 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFor a spatially Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmology, we propose a multi-scalar field gravitational model. Specifically, we consider a two-scalar field cosmological model in which the kinetic components of the scalar fields establish a two-dimensional sphere of Lorentzian signature. For our Chiral-Quintom model we choose a mixed potential term $$V\left( \phi ,\psi \right) =V_{0}e^{\lambda \phi }+U_{0}e^{\kappa \phi }\psi ^{\frac{1}{\sigma } }$$

V

ϕ
,
ψ

=

V
0

e

λ
ϕ

+

U
0

e

κ
ϕ

ψ

1
σ

and we investigate the asymptotic limits of the cosmological parameters. This model for $$U_{0}=0$$

U
0

=
0

, provides a generalization of the hyperbolic inflation where the equation of the state parameter can cross the phantom divide line. When $$U_{0}\ne 0$$

U
0

≠
0

we observe that this cosmological model exhibits asymptotic solutions that encompass accelerated universes, big rip singularities, and dust-like solutions. Hence, this multi-scalar field model it can be regarded as as a dark energy unify model which describes a variety of asymptotic cosmological scenarios.
Multimodality Representation Learning: A Survey on Evolution, Pretraining and Its Applications
Authors: Manzoor Muhammad Arslan , Albarri Sarah , Xian Ziting , Meng Zaiqiao , Nakov Preslav , Liang Shangsong 
Published: August 2023

Multimodality Representation Learning, as a technique of learning to embed information from different modalities and their correlations, has achieved remarkable success on a variety of applications, such as Visual Question Answering (VQA), Natural Language for Visual Reasoning (NLVR), and Vision Language Retrieval (VLR). Among these applications, cross-modal interaction and complementary information from different modalities are crucial for advanced models to perform any multimodal task, e.g., understand, recognize, retrieve, or generate optimally. Researchers have proposed diverse methods to address these tasks. The different variants of transformer-based architectures performed extraordinarily on multiple modalities. This survey presents the comprehensive literature on the evolution and enhancement of deep learning multimodal architectures to deal with textual, visual and audio features for diverse cross-modal and modern multimodal tasks. This study summarizes the (
i
) recent task-specific deep learning methodologies, (
ii
) the pretraining types and multimodal pretraining objectives, (
iii
) from state-of-the-art pretrained multimodal approaches to unifying architectures, and (
iv
) multimodal task categories and possible future improvements that can be devised for better multimodal learning. Moreover, we prepare a dataset section for new researchers that covers most of the benchmarks for pretraining and finetuning. Finally, major challenges, gaps, and potential research topics are explored. A constantly-updated paperlist related to our survey is maintained at
https://github.com/marslanm/multimodality-representation-learning
.
The Landscape of Alterations from 1407 Ultra-Rare Sarcomas from the AACR GENIE Database: Clinical Implications
Authors: Denu Ryan A. , Moyers Justin T. , Gouda Mohamed A. , Conley Anthony P. , Lazar Alexander J. , Subbiah Vivek 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurpose:Ultra-rare sarcomas (URS) comprise a group of orphan diseases with an incidence of ≤1/1,000,000 people per year. We aimed to assess clinically actionable genomic alterations in URS.Experimental Design:Data were extracted from the GENIE database using cBioPortal. OncoKB was used to assess for clinical actionability of mutations. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was inferred from clinical sequencing data.Results:Soft tissue (ST) URS made up 23.5% of ST sarcoma cases, and bone URS made up 16.5% of bone sarcoma cases. The most commonly mutated gene in all four groups was TP53. The most common fusions involved EWSR1. The most common copy-number variations included deletions of CDKN2A and CDKN2B and amplifications of MDM2 and CDK4. TMB was generally low across all four categories of sarcoma, though there was considerable heterogeneity, with 3.8% of ST URS and 0.55% of bone URS having high TMB. We find Level 1 alterations (FDA-recognized biomarker predictive of response to an FDA-approved drug) in 10.0% of ST URS compared with 7.1% of ST non-URS, 1.1% of bone URS, and 4.5% of bone non-URS. Level 1–3 alterations (also include alterations for which there are standard-of-care drugs or clinical evidence supporting a drug) were seen in 27.8% of ST URS, 25.2% of ST non-URS, 20.9% of bone URS, and 17.4% of bone non-URS.Conclusions:Clinically actionable genomic alterations are seen in a substantial fraction of URS. Clinical sequencing in advanced URS has the potential to guide the treatment of a significant portion of patients with URS.
Cardiac Vagal Nerve Activity Increases During Exercise to Enhance Coronary Blood Flow
Authors: Shanks Julia , Pachen Mridula , Chang Joshua W-H. , George Bindu , Ramchandra Rohit 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
The phrase complete vagal withdrawal is often used when discussing autonomic control of the heart during exercise. However, more recent studies have challenged this assumption. We hypothesized that cardiac vagal activity increases during exercise and maintains cardiac function via transmitters other than acetylcholine.

METHODS:
Chronic direct recordings of cardiac vagal nerve activity, cardiac output, coronary artery blood flow, and heart rate were recorded in conscious adult sheep during whole-body treadmill exercise. Cardiac innervation of the left cardiac vagal branch was confirmed with lipophilic tracer dyes (DiO). Sheep were exercised with pharmacological blockers of acetylcholine (atropine, 250 mg), VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide; [4Cl-D-Phe6,Leu17]VIP 25 µg), or saline control, randomized on different days. In a subset of sheep, the left cardiac vagal branch was denervated.

RESULTS:

Neural innervation from the cardiac vagal branch is seen at major cardiac ganglionic plexi, and within the fat pads associated with the coronary arteries. Directly recorded cardiac vagal nerve activity increased during exercise. Left cardiac vagal branch denervation attenuated the maximum changes in coronary artery blood flow (maximum exercise, control: 63.5±5.9 mL/min, n=8; cardiac vagal denervated: 32.7±5.6 mL/min, n=6,
P=
2.5×10
−7
), cardiac output, and heart rate during exercise. Atropine did not affect any cardiac parameters during exercise, but VIP antagonism significantly reduced coronary artery blood flow during exercise to a similar level to vagal denervation.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study demonstrates that cardiac vagal nerve activity actually increases and is crucial for maintaining cardiac function during exercise. Furthermore, our findings show the dynamic modulation of coronary artery blood flow during exercise is mediated by VIP.
Optical Coherence Tomography–Guided or Intravascular Ultrasound–Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The OCTIVUS Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kang Do-Yoon , Ahn Jung-Min , Yun Sung-Cheol , Hur Seung-Ho , Cho Yun-Kyeong , Lee Cheol Hyun , Hong Soon Jun , Lim Subin , Kim Sang-Wook , Won Hoyoun , Oh Jun-Hyok , Choe Jeong Cheon , Hong Young Joon , Yoon Yong-Hoon , Kim Hoyun , Choi Yeonwoo , Lee Jinho , Yoon Young Won , Kim Soo-Joong , Bae Jang-Ho , Park Duk-Woo , Park Seung-Jung ,   for the OCTIVUS Investigators
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
Intravascular imaging–guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) or optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed superior clinical outcomes compared with angiography-guided PCI. However, the comparative effectiveness of OCT-guided and IVUS-guided PCI regarding clinical outcomes is unknown.

METHODS:
In this prospective, multicenter, open-label, pragmatic trial, we randomly assigned 2008 patients with significant coronary artery lesions undergoing PCI in a 1:1 ratio to undergo either an OCT-guided or IVUS-guided PCI. The primary end point was a composite of death from cardiac causes, target vessel–related myocardial infarction, or ischemia-driven target-vessel revascularization at 1 year, which was powered for noninferiority of the OCT group compared with the IVUS group. Safety outcomes were also assessed.

RESULTS:

At 1 year, primary end point events occurred in 25 of 1005 patients (Kaplan-Meier estimate, 2.5%) in the OCT group and in 31 of 1003 patients (Kaplan-Meier estimate, 3.1%) in the IVUS group (absolute difference, −0.6 percentage points; upper boundary of one-sided 97.5% CI, 0.97 percentage points;
P
<0.001 for noninferiority). The incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy was similar (14 patients [1.4%] in the OCT group versus 15 patients [1.5%] in the IVUS group;
P
=0.85). The incidence of major procedural complications was lower in the OCT group than in the IVUS group (22 [2.2%] versus 37 [3.7%];
P
=0.047), although imaging procedure-related complications were not observed.

CONCLUSIONS:
In patients with significant coronary artery lesions, OCT-guided PCI was noninferior to IVUS-guided PCI with respect to the incidence of a composite of death from cardiac causes, target vessel–related myocardial infarction, or ischemia-driven target-vessel revascularization at 1 year. The selected study population and lower-than-expected event rates should be considered in interpreting the trial.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique number: NCT03394079.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Versus Computed Tomography to Guide Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Randomized, Open-Label, Noninferiority Trial
Authors: Reindl Martin , Lechner Ivan , Holzknecht Magdalena , Tiller Christina , Fink Priscilla , Oberhollenzer Fritz , von der Emde Sebastian , Pamminger Mathias , Troger Felix , Kremser Christian , Laßnig Elisabeth , Danninger Kathrin , Binder Ronald K. , Ulmer Hanno , Brenner Christoph , Klug Gert , Bauer Axel , Metzler Bernhard , Mayr Agnes , Reinstadler Sebastian J. 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
Computed tomography (CT) is recommended for guiding transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). However, a sizable proportion of TAVR candidates have chronic kidney disease, in whom the use of iodinated contrast media is a limitation. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is a promising alternative, but randomized data comparing the effectiveness of CMR-guided versus CT-guided TAVR are lacking.

METHODS:
An investigator-initiated, prospective, randomized, open-label, noninferiority trial was conducted at 2 Austrian heart centers. Patients evaluated for TAVR according to the inclusion criteria (severe symptomatic aortic stenosis) and exclusion criteria (contraindication to CMR, CT, or TAVR, a life expectancy <1 year, or chronic kidney disease level 4 or 5) were randomized (1:1) to undergo CMR or CT guiding. The primary outcome was defined according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium–2 definition of implantation success at discharge, including absence of procedural mortality, correct positioning of a single prosthetic valve, and proper prosthetic valve performance. Noninferiority was assessed using a hybrid modified intention-to-treat/per-protocol approach on the basis of an absolute risk difference margin of 9%.

RESULTS:

Between September 11, 2017, and December 16, 2022, 380 candidates for TAVR were randomized to CMR-guided (191 patients) or CT-guided (189 patients) TAVR planning. Of these, 138 patients (72.3%) in the CMR-guided group and 129 patients (68.3%) in the CT-guided group eventually underwent TAVR (modified intention-to-treat cohort). Of these 267, 19 patients had protocol deviations, resulting in a per-protocol cohort of 248 patients (121 CMR-guided, 127 CT-guided). In the modified intention-to-treat cohort, implantation success was achieved in 129 patients (93.5%) in the CMR group and in 117 patients (90.7%) in the CT group (between-group difference, 2.8% [90% CI, −2.7% to 8.2%];
P
<0.01 for noninferiority). In the per-protocol cohort (n=248), the between-group difference was 2.0% (90% CI, −3.8% to 7.8%;
P
<0.01 for noninferiority).

CONCLUSIONS:
CMR-guided TAVR was noninferior to CT-guided TAVR in terms of device implantation success. CMR can therefore be considered as an alternative for TAVR planning.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03831087.
Long‐Term Impact of Additional Ablation After Pulmonary Vein Isolation: Results From EARNEST‐PVI Trial
Authors: Masuda Masaharu , Inoue Koichi , Tanaka Nobuaki , Watanabe Tetsuya , Makino Nobuhiko , Egami Yasuyuki , Oka Takafumi , Minamiguchi Hitoshi , Miyoshi Miwa , Okada Masato , Kanda Takashi , Mano Toshiaki , Matsuda Yasuhiro , Uematsu Hiroyuki , Sakio Takashige , Kawasaki Masato , Sunaga Akihiro , Sotomi Yohei , Dohi Tomoharu , Nakatani Daisaku , Hikoso Shungo , Sakata Yasushi ,   the Osaka Cardiovascular Conference (OCVC)‐Arrhythmia Investigators
Published: August 2023

Background
An optimal strategy for left atrial ablation in addition to pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) has not been determined.

Methods and Results

We conducted an extended follow‐up of the multicenter randomized controlled EARNEST‐PVI (Efficacy of Pulmonary Vein Isolation Alone in Patients With Persistent Atrial Fibrillation) trial, which compared 12‐month rhythm outcomes in patients with persistent AF between patients randomized to a PVI‐alone strategy (n=248) or PVI‐plus strategy (n=248; PVI followed by left atrial additional ablation, including linear ablation or ablation targeting areas with complex fractionated electrograms). The present study extended the follow‐up period to 3 years after enrollment. Outcomes were compared not only between randomly allocated groups but also between on‐treatment groups categorized by actually created ablation lesions. Recurrence rate of AF or atrial tachycardia (AT) was lower in the randomly allocated to PVI‐plus group than the PVI‐alone group (29.0% versus 37.5%,
P
=0.036). On‐treatment analysis revealed that patients with PVI+linear ablation (n=205) demonstrated a lower AF/AT recurrence rate than those with PVI only (26.3% versus 37.8%,
P
=0.007). In contrast, patients with PVI+complex fractionated electrograms ablation (n=37) had an AF/AT recurrence rate comparable to that of patients with PVI only (40.5% versus 37.8%,
P
=0.76). At second ablation in 126 patients with AF/AT recurrence, ATs excluding common atrial flutter were more frequent in patients with PVI+linear ablation than in those with PVI only (32.6% versus 5.7%,
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions
Left atrial ablation in addition to PVI was efficacious during 3‐year follow‐up. Linear ablation was superior to other ablation strategies but may increase iatrogenic ATs.

Registration

URL:
http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index‐j.htm
; Unique identifier: UMIN000019449.
Total and Regional Fat/Muscle Mass Ratio and Risks of Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality
Authors: Zhou Rui , Chen Hao‐Wen , Lin Yang , Li Fu‐Rong , Zhong Qi , Huang Yi‐Ning , Wu Xian‐Bo 
Published: August 2023

Background
To evaluate the sex‐specific associations of total and regional fat/muscle mass ratio (FMR) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality, and to explore the underlying mechanisms driven by cardiometabolites and inflammatory cells. We compared the predictive value of FMRs to body mass index.

Methods and Results

This population‐based, prospective cohort study included 468 885 UK Biobank participants free of CVD at baseline. Fat mass and muscle mass were estimated using a bioelectrical impedance assessment device. FMR was calculated as fat mass divided by muscle mass in corresponding body parts (total body, trunk, arm, and leg). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and mediation analyses were used. During 12.5 years of follow‐up, we documented 49 936 CVD cases and 4158 CVD deaths. Higher total FMR was associated with an increased risk of incident CVD (hazard ratios [HRs] were 1.63 and 1.83 for men and women, respectively), ischemic heart disease (men: HR, 1.61; women: HR, 1.81), myocardial infarction (men: HR, 1.72; women: HR, 1.49), and congestive heart failure (men: HR, 2.25; women: HR, 2.57). The positive associations of FMRs with mortality from total CVD or its subtypes were significant mainly in trunk and arm for male patients (
P
for trend <0.05). We also identified 8 cardiometabolites and 5 inflammatory cells that partially mediated FMR‐CVD associations. FMRs were modestly better at discriminating cardiovascular mortality risk.

Conclusions
Higher total and regional FMRs were associated with an increased risk of CVD and mortality, partly mediated through cardiometabolites and inflammatory cells. Early monitoring of FMR should be considered to alleviate CVD risk. FMRs were superior to body mass index in predicting CVD mortality.
Prognostic Value of Hospital Frailty Risk Score and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Revascularization for Critical Limb–Threatening Ischemia
Authors: Majmundar Monil , Patel Kunal N. , Doshi Rajkumar , Mehta Harsh , Vindhyal Mohinder R. , Hance Kirk A , Ali Adam , Gupta Kamal 
Published: August 2023

Background
The impact of medical record‐based frailty assessment on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing revascularization for critical limb‐threatening ischemia (CLTI) is unknown.

Methods and Results

This study included patients with CLTI aged ≥18 years from the nationwide readmissions database 2016 to 2018 who underwent endovascular revascularization (ER) or surgical revascularization (SR). The hospital frailty risk score, a previously validated
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition, Clinical Modification (ICD‐10‐CM
) claims‐based score, was used to categorize patients into low‐ (<5), intermediate‐ (5–15), and high‐risk (>15) frailty categories. Primary outcomes were in‐hospital mortality and major amputation at 6 months. A total of 64 338 patients were identified who underwent ER (82.3%) or SR (17.7%) for CLTI. The mean (SD) age of the cohort was 69.3 (11.8) years, and 63% of patients were male. This study found a nonlinear association between hospital frailty risk score and in‐hospital mortality and 6‐month major amputation. In both ER and SR cohorts, the intermediate‐ and high‐risk groups were associated with a significantly higher risk of in‐hospital mortality (high‐risk group: ER: odds ratio [OR], 7.2 [95% CI, 4.4–11.6],
P
<0.001; SR: OR, 28.6 [95% CI, 3.4–237.6],
P
=0.002) and major amputation at 6 months (high‐risk group: ER: hazard ratio [HR], 1.6 [95% CI, 1.5–1.7],
P
<0.001; SR: HR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.4–2.2],
P
<0.001) compared with the low‐risk group.

Conclusions
The hospital frailty risk score, generated from the medical record, can identify frailty and predict in‐hospital mortality and 6‐month major amputation in patients undergoing ER or SR for CLTI. Further studies are needed to assess if this score can be incorporated into clinical decision‐making in patients undergoing revascularization for CLTI.
Addressing Linguistic Inequality in Higher Education: A Proactive
Model
Authors: Wolfram Walt 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Although most institutions of higher education in the United States have now developed diversity, equity, and inclusion centers, programs, and initiatives, language equality tends to be excluded from the typical “canon of diversity.” Language remains an overlooked or dismissed issue in higher education while it insidiously serves as an active agent for promoting inequality in campus life. Based on two empirical studies, one of students from Southern Appalachia attending a large urban university in the South, and one of tenured faculty at the same university, I establish the need for the awareness of language inequality in higher education. I then describe a proactive “campus-infusion” program that includes activities and resources for student affairs, academic affairs, human resources, faculty affairs, and offices of institutional equity and diversity. As an interdisciplinary team from different administrative and disciplinary programs within the university, we used a variety of venues, resources, and techniques to educate the faculty, students, and staff about the significance of language inequality on campus that has had an ongoing effect on higher education.
Inventing “the White Voice”: Racial Capitalism,
Raciolinguistics & Culturally Sustaining Pedagogies
Authors: Alim H. Samy 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this essay, I explore how paradigms like raciolinguistics and culturally sustaining pedagogies can offer substantive breaks from mainstream thought and provide us with new, just, and equitable ways of living together in the world. I begin with a deep engagement with Boots Riley and his critically acclaimed, anticapitalist, absurdist comedy Sorry to Bother You, in hopes of demonstrating how artists, activists, creatives, and scholars might: 1) cotheorize the complex relationships between language and racial capitalism and 2) think through the political, economic, and pedagogical implications of this new theorizing for Communities of Color. In our current sociopolitical situation, we need to continue making pedagogical moves toward freedom that center and sustain Communities of Color in the face of the myriad ways that white settler capitalist terror manifests. As we continue to theorize the relationships between language and racial capitalism, frameworks like raciolinguistics and culturally sustaining pedagogies provide fundamentally critical, antiracist, anticolonial approaches that reject the capitalist white settler gaze and its kindred cisheteropatriarchal, English-monolingual, ableist, classist, xenophobic, and other hegemonic gazes. What they offer us, instead, is a break from the assimilationist politics of the past and a move toward abolitionist frameworks of the future.
Dynamic modelling of the impact of community-based acute mental health services for children and adolescents
Authors: Skinner Adam , Occhipinti Jo-An , Song Yun Ju Christine , Scott Elizabeth M , Hickie Ian B 
Published: August 2023

Objective: To evaluate the potential impact of the recently announced ‘Safeguards’ initiative on mental health-related emergency department presentation rates for children and adolescents (0−17 years). This state-funded initiative aims to establish 25 Child and Adolescent Acute Response Teams across New South Wales. Methods: We estimated the effects of the ‘Safeguards’ initiative using a state-level dynamic model of child and adolescent acute mental health care. Potential reductions in total numbers of mental health-related emergency department presentations and re-presentations (i.e. presentations within 3 months of an initial presentation) were assessed via a series of simulation experiments in which we systematically varied the total number of Child and Adolescent Acute Response Teams and the mean duration of care per patient. Results: Assuming a mean treatment duration of 6 weeks per patient, 25 Child and Adolescent Acute Response Teams are projected to reduce total numbers of mental health-related emergency department presentations and re-presentations over the period 2022–2031 by 15.0% (95% interval, 12.0−18.2%) and 31.7% (26.2−37.8%), respectively. Increasing the total number of Child and Adolescent Acute Response Teams above 25 has minimal additional impact on projected reductions in numbers of emergency department presentations and re-presentations, provided the mean duration of care is no more than 8 weeks. However, where the mean duration of care is greater than 4 weeks, a decrease in the number of Child and Adolescent Acute Response Teams below 25 reduces the potential effectiveness of the ‘Safeguards’ initiative significantly. Conclusion: Our simulation results indicate that full and timely implementation will be critical if the potentially substantial impact of the ‘Safeguards’ initiative on demand for hospital-based emergency mental health care is to be realised.