bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Widening participation – recruitment methods in mental health randomised controlled trials: a qualitative study
Authors: Iflaifel Mais , Hall Charlotte L , Green Heidi R , Willis Andrew , Rennick-Egglestone Stefan , Juszczak Edmund , Townsend Mark , Martin Jennifer , Sprange Kirsty 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Barriers to mental health research participation are well documented including distrust of services and research; and stigma surrounding mental health. They can contribute to a lack of diversity amongst participants in mental health research, which threatens the generalisability of knowledge. Given the recent widespread use of the internet in medical research, this study aimed to explore the perspectives of key partners on the use of online (e.g. social media) and offline (e.g. in-person) recruitment as an approach to improving diversity in mental health randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods
Face-to-face and online interviews/focus groups with researchers working in mental health and Patient and Public Involvement partners in the United Kingdom. Recordings were transcribed and analysed using a combination of inductive and deductive thematic analysis.

Results
Three focus groups and three interviews were conducted with a total N = 23 participants. Four overarching themes were identified: (1) recruitment reach; (2) Demographic factors that affect selection of recruitment method; (3) safety of technology, and; (4) practical challenges. Five main factors were identified that affect the choice of recruitment method: age, complexity of mental health problem and stigma, cultural and ethnicity differences and digital divide. The use of online methods was considered more accessible to people who may feel stigmatised by their mental health condition and with a benefit of reaching a wider population. However, a common view amongst participants was that online methods require closer data monitoring for quality of responders, are not fully secure and less trustworthy compared to offline methods that enable participants to build relationships with health providers. Funding, staff time and experience, organisational support, and technical issues such as spam or phishing emails were highlighted as practical challenges facing online recruitment. All participants agreed that using a hybrid approach tailored to the population under study is paramount.

Conclusions
This study highlighted the importance of offering a flexible and multifaceted recruitment approach by integrating online with offline methods to support inclusivity and widening participation in mental health research. The findings will be used to develop considerations for researchers designing RCTs to improve recruitment in mental health research.
Clinical features of retinopathy after cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Park Su Hwan , Kim Sang Yoon , Park Sung Who , Byon Iksoo , Lee Seung Min 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the clinical patterns of retinopathy in patients who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) using wide-field fundus photography and slit-lamp fundus examination.

Methods
The medical records of patients aged ≥ 18 years who survived after receiving CPR and underwent wide-field fundus photography and slit-lamp fundus examination within 3 months were retrospectively analyzed. Fundus findings, including retinal hemorrhage and cotton wool spots, were investigated. The subjects were categorized into the retinopathy and non-retinopathy groups based on the presence of fundus findings. Systemic and CPR-related factors were analyzed to compare the two groups.

Results
Twenty eyes (10 patients) and 28 eyes (14 patients) were included in the retinopathy and non-retinopathy groups, respectively. The retinopathy group had longer CPR time than the non-retinopathy group (15 ± 11 min vs. 6 ± 5 min, p = 0.027). In the retinopathy group, retinal nerve fiber layer hemorrhage was observed in all eyes, and intraretinal hemorrhage was observed in 55% of the eyes. 80% of hemorrhages were located in the peripapillary or posterior pole. There were no interval changes in visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and central retinal thickness for 6 months. The average remission periods of retinal hemorrhage and cotton wool spots were 6.8 ± 2.6 month and 5.6 ± 2.1 months, respectively. No retinopathy progression was observed.

Conclusion
The signs of retinopathy, such as retinal hemorrhages and cotton wool spots, which are found after CPR, mainly occur in patients who receive longer time of CPR and improve over time.
Associations of socioeconomic status and obesity with hypertension in tibetan adults in a Chinese plateau area
Authors: Li Yajie , Li Jianbo , Nima Qucuo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have identified that socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity are associated with hypertension. However, their interaction on hypertension risk has not yet been assessed.

Methods
The study used data from 6,069 Tibetan residents in Chengguan District in Lhasa, the Chinese Tibetan autonomous region’s capital, based on a cohort study conducted from May 2018 to September 2019 in five provinces in southwest China. We used logistic regression models to assess the complex relations of SES and obesity with hypertension.

Results
Compared with individuals of high SES, low and moderate SES were positively associated with high risk of hypertension. SES and obesity have significant additive interaction on hypertension (general obesity by BMI: RERI = 1.33, P < 0.001; abdominal obesity by WC: RERI = 0.76, P < 0.001; abdominal obesity by WHtR: RERI = 0.96, P < 0.001). In people from the low and moderate SES segments, obesity was linked to an increased risk of hypertension, but the correlations were stronger in people from the moderate SES category. Compared with people of high SES and non obese, those with moderate SES and obesity had a higher risk of hypertension, and ORs were 4.38 (2.80, 6.84) for general obesity by BMI, 3.38 (2.05, 5.57) for abdominal obesity by WC, and 3.18 (1.57, 6.42) for abdominal obesity by WHtR.

Conclusion
There is an independent and additive interaction effect of obesity and SES on the risk of hypertension. People with obesity, especially those of moderate and low SES, should reduce weight and waist circumference, and pay more attention to blood pressure. Moreover, the government, health administration departments, and society should prioritize improving the socioeconomic status of the Tibetan population and addressing risk factors like obesity.
Clinical outcomes of minimally invasive duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection
Authors: Zu Guangchen , Chen Weibo , Wu Di , Zhang Yue , Chen Xuemin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The procedure of total duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection (DPPHRt) has been reported frequently, but rare in minimally invasive procedure, especially robotic-assisted operation. Here we share our experience and analyze the clinical outcomes of minimally invasive DPPHRt in the treatment of benign lesions or low-grade malignant tumors of the pancreatic head in this study.

Materials and methods
From October 2016 to January 2022, three patients received robot-assisted DPPHRt(RA-DPPHRt), and seventeen patients received laparoscopic DPPHRt(LDPPHRt). Data were retrospectively collected in terms of demographic characteristics (age, gender, body mass index, and pathological diagnosis), intraoperative variables (operative time, estimated blood loss), and post-operative variables (post-operative hospital stay, and complications).

Results
All 20 patients received minimally invasive total duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection successfully without conversion, including 8 males and 12 females. Pathological diagnosis suggested 1 case of serous cystadenoma (SCA), 4 cases of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) ,5 cases of mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN), 4 cases of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (PNET), 2 cases of chronic pancreatitis (CP),4 case of solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT). The average operation time was (285.35 ± 95.13 min), ranging from 95 to 420 min. The average estimate blood loss was (196.50 ± 174.45ml) ,ranging from 10 to 600ml.The average post-operative hospital stay was(20.90 ± 14.44days),ranging from 8 to 54 days. Postoperative complications occurred in 10 patients (50%). A total of 5 patients (20%) suffered grade B or C pancreatic fistula. Two patients (10%) suffered from biliary fistula. Two patients (10%) suffered from delayed gastric emptying. One patient (5%) suffered from abdominal bleeding. The 90-day mortality was 0. No patient was observed tumor recurrence and new-onset diabetes but one developed diarrhea.

Conclusion
RA-DPPHRt or LDPPHRt provided a minimally invasive approach with good organ-preservation for patients with benign and low-grade malignant pancreatic head tumor. It is only recommended to be performed in high-volume pancreatic centers by experienced pancreatic surgeons.
The changes of neuroactivity of Tui Na (Chinese massage) at Hegu acupoint on sensorimotor cortex in stroke patients with upper limb motor dysfunction: a fNIRS study
Authors: Chen Yu-Feng , Mao Meng-Chai , Zhu Guang-Yue , Sun Cheng-Cheng , Zhao Jing-Wang , He Hao-Xiang , Chen Yu-Hui , Xu Dong-Sheng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Tui Na (Chinese massage) is a relatively simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive intervention, and has been used to treat stroke patients for many years in China. Tui Na acts on specific parts of the body which are called meridians and acupoints to achieve the role of treating diseases. Yet the underlying neural mechanism associated with Tui Na is not clear due to the lack of detection methods.

Objective
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to explore the changes of sensorimotor cortical neural activity in patients with upper limb motor dysfunction of stroke and healthy control groups during Tui Na Hegu Point.

Methods
Ten patients with unilateral upper limb motor dysfunction after stroke and eight healthy subjects received Tui Na. fNIRS was used to record the hemodynamic data in the sensorimotor cortex and the changes in blood flow were calculated based on oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb), the task session involved repetitive Tui Na on Hegu acupoint, using a block design [six cycles: rest (20 seconds); Tui Na (20 seconds); rest (30 seconds)]. The changes in neural activity in sensorimotor cortex could be inferred according to the principle of neurovascular coupling, and the number of activated channels in the bilateral hemisphere was used to calculate the lateralization index.

Result
1. For hemodynamic response induced by Hegu acupoint Tui Na, a dominant increase in the contralesional primary sensorimotor cortex during Hegu point Tui Na of the less affected arm in stroke patients was observed, as well as that in healthy controls, while this contralateral pattern was absent during Hegu point Tui Na of the affected arm in stroke patients. 2. Concerning the lateralization index in stroke patients, a significant difference was observed between lateralization index values for the affected arm and the less affected arm (P < 0.05). Wilcoxon tests showed a significant difference between lateralization index values for the affected arm in stroke patients and lateralization index values for the dominant upper limb in healthy controls (P < 0.05), and no significant difference between lateralization index values for the less affected arm in stroke patients and that in healthy controls (P = 0.36).

Conclusion
The combination of Tui Na and fNIRS has the potential to reflect the functional status of sensorimotor neural circuits. The changes of neuroactivity in the sensorimotor cortex when Tui Na Hegu acupoint indicate that there is a certain correlation between acupoints in traditional Chinese medicine and neural circuits.
Psychosocial work characteristics and sleep quality among early career registered nurses: a cross-sectional latent profile analysis
Authors: Lönnqvist Katri , Sinervo Timo , Kaihlanen Anu-Marja , Vehviläinen-Julkunen Katri , Elovainio Marko 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Individual psychosocial work characteristics have been associated with health and well-being of registered nurses. However, it is yet to be determined whether different types of psychosocial work characteristics form patterned profiles and how these profiles are associated with the health and well-being. The purpose of this study was to identify latent psychosocial work characteristic profiles, including procedural, interactional and distributive justice, job demand and job control, and examine whether the profiles are associated with sleep quality among early career registered nurses.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study comprising 632 early career registered nurses. Data were collected between November and December 2018 using an electronic survey with internationally validated measures including the Organizational Justice Scale, the Nurse Stress Index Scale, the Job Content Questionnaire, and the Sleep Problems Questionnaire. Latent profile analysis was used to identify groups with similar psychosocial work characteristic profiles. Multinomial and linear regression analyses were used to examine the association between latent work characteristics profiles and sleep quality.

Results
Analysis yielded four profiles. The profiles were named based on the descriptions of classes as high strain/low justice, medium strain/high justice, medium strain/medium justice, and low strain/high justice. The low strain/high justice profile group (p = < 0.001) and the medium strain/high justice profile group (p = 0.002) had statistically significantly better sleep quality compared to the high strain/low justice profile group.

Conclusions
High procedural and interactional justice may alleviate strain in early career registered nurses and protect them against sleep problems. Promoting organizational justice in early career stages seems an efficient way to enhance registered nurses’ well-being and sleep quality.
Healthcare professionals’ perceptions of using a digital patient educational programme as part of cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary artery disease – a qualitative study
Authors: Danielsbacka Jenny , Feldthusen Caroline , Bäck Maria 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Participation in cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) remains underutilised. Digital educational programmes, as part of cardiac rehabilitation, are emerging as a means of increasing accessibility, but healthcare professionals’ perceptions of implementing and using these programmes are not known. The aim of the study was therefore to explore healthcare professionals ̓ perceptions and experiences of implementing and using a digital patient educational programme (DPE) as part of cardiac rehabilitation after acute CAD.

Methods
Individual semi-structured interviews were performed with 12 nurses and physiotherapists, ten women with a median age of 49.5 (min 37- max 59) years, with experience of using the DPE as part of a phase II cardiac rehabilitation programme in Region Västra Götaland, Sweden. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed with inductive content analysis according to Graneheim and Lundman.

Results
An overall theme was identified throughout the unit of analysis: “Digital patient education – a complement yet not a replacement”. Within this theme, three main categories were identified: “Finding ways that make implementation work”, “Accessibility to information for confident and involved patients” and “Reaching one another in a digital world”. Each main category contains a number of sub-categories.

Conclusions
This study adds new knowledge on healthcare professionals’ perceptions of a digital patient educational programme as a valuable and accessible alternative to centre-based education programmes as part of cardiac rehabilitation for patients with CAD. The participants highlighted the factors necessary for a successful implementation, such as support through the process and sufficient time from the employer to learn the system and to create new routines in daily practice. Future research is needed to further understand the impact of digital education systems in the secondary prevention of CAD. Ultimately, hybrid models, where the choice of delivery depends on the preferences of the individual patient, would be the optimal model of care for the future.
Patterns of presentation of adults with hearing impairment in a peri-urban community in South Africa: a qualitative study
Authors: Mtimkulu Thobekile Kutloano , Khoza-Shangase Katijah 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
There is a wealth of research, globally, on the help-seeking behavior patterns of individuals with a variety of chronic medical conditions. Contextually relevant findings have been reported describing the influence of a disease and/or disorder together with the related personal, social, environmental, and region-specific factors. However, research related to help-seeking behavior patterns in hearing impairment is mostly found in high income countries (HICs) and tells a one-sided story indicating a knowledge gap in other contexts. As part of a bigger study titled “In pursuit of preventive audiology: Help-seeking behavior patterns of adults with hearing impairment in a peri-urban community in South Africa”, the main aim of this study was to describe the patterns of presentation of symptoms in adults with hearing impairment from a peri-urban community in South Africa.

Methods
Through a non-probability purposive sampling method, 23 adults with hearing impairment participated in semi-structured interviews using an interview guide from April – June 2021. Thematic analysis through a deductive analysis approach was adopted for data analysis.

Results
Participants’ patterns of presentation indicated a belief in a Western bio-medical causation to explain their hearing impairment. Help-seekers sought help mostly from healthcare workers at all levels of healthcare in the public (primary, secondary, and tertiary) and private healthcare sectors, followed by a few participants consulting their social networks. Only one participant used a traditional healthcare provider to resolve his hearing difficulties.

Conclusions
In a diverse country like South Africa, with a majority African population, the influence of cultural practices and beliefs proved to have a minimal influence on participants’ help-seeking behavior for their ear and hearing challenges. However, an interplay of factors related to one’s context at the time played a significant role in the patterns of presentation to the ear and hearing clinic. There is therefore a need to understand the perspectives of adults with hearing impairment from their environments to facilitate more contextual relevancy in healthcare provision within the preventive audiology field. Hearing health policymakers should also endeavor to consider the realities of health-seeking in each context and environment.
Interaction of the AKT and β-catenin signalling pathways and the influence of photobiomodulation on cellular signalling proteins in diabetic wound healing
Authors: Jere Sandy Winfield , Abrahamse Heidi , Houreld Nicolette Nadene 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe induction of a cells destiny is a tightly controlled process that is regulated through communication between the matrix and cell signalling proteins. Cell signalling activates distinctive subsections of target genes, and different signalling pathways may be used repeatedly in different settings. A range of different signalling pathways are activated during the wound healing process, and dysregulated cellular signalling may lead to reduced cell function and the development of chronic wounds. Diabetic wounds are chronic and are characterised by the inability of skin cells to act in response to reparative inducements. Serine/threonine kinase, protein kinase B or AKT (PKB/AKT), is a central connection in cell signalling induced by growth factors, cytokines and other cellular inducements, and is one of the critical pathways that regulate cellular proliferation, survival, and quiescence. AKT interacts with a variety of other pathway proteins including glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) and β-catenin. Novel methodologies based on comprehensive knowledge of activated signalling pathways and their interaction during normal or chronic wound healing can facilitate quicker and efficient diabetic wound healing. In this review, we focus on interaction of the AKT and β-catenin signalling pathways and the influence of photobiomodulation on cellular signalling proteins in diabetic wound healing.
Sterilized Anopheles funestus can autodisseminate sufficient pyriproxyfen to the breeding habitat under semi-field settings
Authors: Kunambi Hamisi J. , Ngowo Halfan , Ali Ali , Urio Naomi , Ngonzi Amos J. , Mwalugelo Yohana A. , Jumanne Mohamed , Mmbaga Augustino , Tarimo Felista S. , Swilla Joseph , Okumu Fredros , Lwetoijera Dickson 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Anopheles funestus, the main malaria vector, prefer to oviposit in permanent and/or semi-permanent breeding habitats located far from human dwellings. Difficulties in identifying and accessing these habitats jeopardize the feasibility of conventional larviciding. In this way, a semi-field study was conducted to assess the potential of autodissemination of pyriproxyfen (PPF) by An. funestus for its control.

Methods
The study was conducted inside a semi-field system (SFS). Therein, two identical separate chambers, the treatment chamber with a PPF-treated clay pot (0.25 g AI), and the control chamber with an untreated clay pot. In both chambers, one artificial breeding habitat made of a plastic basin with one litre of water was provided. Three hundred blood-fed female An. funestus aged 5–9 days were held inside untreated and treated clay pots for 30 min and 48 h before being released for oviposition. The impact of PPF on adult emergence, fecundity, and fertility through autodissemination and sterilization effects were assessed by comparing the treatment with its appropriate control group.

Results
Mean (95% CI) percentage of adult emergence was 15.5% (14.9–16.1%) and 70.3% (69–71%) in the PPF and control chamber for females exposed for 30 min (p < 0.001); and 19% (12–28%) and 95% (88–98%) in the PPF and control chamber for females exposed for 48 h (p < 0.001) respectively. Eggs laid by exposed mosquitoes and their hatch rate were significantly reduced compared to unexposed mosquitoes (p < 0.001). Approximately, 90% of females exposed for 48 h retained abnormal ovarian follicles and only 42% in females exposed for 30 min.

Conclusion
The study demonstrated sterilization and adult emergence inhibition via autodissemination of PPF by An. funestus. Also, it offers proof that sterilized An. funestus can transfer PPF to prevent adult emergence at breeding habitats. These findings warrant further assessment of the autodissemination of PPF in controlling wild population of An. funestus, and highlights its potential for complementing long-lasting insecticidal nets.