bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct-collapse black hole formation induced by internal radiation of host haloes
Authors: Chiaki Gen , Chon Sunmyon , Omukai Kazuyuki , Trinca Alessandro , Schneider Raffaella , Valiante Rosa 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTWe estimate the fraction of haloes that host supermassive black holes (SMBHs) forming through the direct-collapse (DC) scenario by using cosmological N-body simulations combined with a semi-analytic model for galaxy evolution. While in most of earlier studies, the occurrence of DC is limited only in chemically pristine haloes, we here suppose that DC can occur also in haloes with metallicity below a threshold value Zth = 0–10−3 Z⊙, considering the supercompetitive accretion pathway for DC black hole (DCBH) formation. In addition, we consider for the first time, the effect of Lyman–Werner (LW) radiation from stars within host haloes, i.e. internal radiation. We find that with low threshold metallicities of Zth ≤ 10−4 Z⊙, the inclusion of internal radiation rather reduces the number density of DCBHs from 0.2–0.3 to 0.03–0.06 Mpc−3. This is because star formation is suppressed due to self-regulation, and the LW flux emitted by neighbouring haloes is reduced. Only when Zth is as high as 10−3 Z⊙, internal radiation enhances the number density of DCBHs from 0.4 to 1 Mpc−3, thereby decreasing the threshold halo mass above which at least one DCBH forms from 2 × 109 to 9 × 108 M⊙. We also find that haloes with Mhalo ≳ 1011–1012 M⊙ can host more than one DCBH at z = 0. This indicates that the DC scenario alone can explain the observed number of SMBH-hosting galaxies.
Statistical analysis of the total magnetic flux decay rate in solar active regions
Authors: Plotnikov Andrei A , Abramenko Valentina I , Kutsenko Alexander S 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
We used line-of-sight magnetograms acquired by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory to derive the decay rate of total unsigned magnetic flux for 910 ephemeral and active regions (ARs) observed between 2010 and 2017. We found that (i) most of the ARs obey the power law dependence between the peak magnetic flux and the magnetic flux decay rate, DR, so that DR ∼ Φ0.70; (ii) larger ARs lose smaller fraction of their magnetic flux per unit of time than the smaller ARs; (iii) there exists a cluster of ARs exhibiting significantly lower decay rate than it would follow from the power law and all of them are unipolar sunspots with total fluxes in the narrow range of (2–8) × 1021 Mx; and (iv) a comparison with our previous results shows that the emergence rate is always higher than the decay rate. The emergence rate follows a power law with a shallower slope than the slope of the decay-rate power law. The results allowed us to suggest that not only the maximum total magnetic flux determines the character of the decaying regime of the AR, some of the ARs end up as a slowly decaying unipolar sunspot; there should be certain physical mechanisms to stabilize such a sunspot.
Diving into the magnetosphere of the Of?p star HD 108
Authors: Rauw Gregor , Nazé Yaël , ud-Doula Asif , Neiner Coralie 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
We analyse optical and X-ray spectroscopy of the Of?p star HD 108, known for its strong dipolar magnetic field and its optical line profile variability with a time-scale of 54 ± 3 yrs, interpreted as the stellar rotation period. Optical emission lines have now recovered from their minimum emission state reached in 2007–2008. The variations of the equivalent width of the Hα emission provide constraints on the inclination of the rotation axis (i) and the obliquity of the magnetic axis (β). The best agreement between model and observations is found for (i, β) pairs with i + β ≃ 85° and i ∈ [30°, 55°]. The Balmer emission lines display stochastic variability at the ∼5 per cent level on time-scales of a few days. TESS photometry unveils transient modulations on similar time-scales in addition to prominent red noise variations. A Chandra X-ray observation of December 2021, when the star was at a higher emission level, indicates a slight increase of the flux and a spectral hardening compared to the August 2002 XMM-Newton observation, taken near minimum emission state. Magnetohydrodynamic simulations are used to compute synthetic X-ray spectra. With our current best estimate of the $\dot{M}_{B=0}$ mass-loss rate, the simulated X-ray luminosity and spectral energy distribution agree very well with the observations. Finally, the radial velocities vary on a period of 8.5 yr with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 10–11 km s−1, suggesting orbital motion with an unseen companion of at least 4 M⊙.
Confirmation and Keplerian motion of the gap-carving protoplanet HD 169142 b
Authors: Hammond Iain , Christiaens Valentin , Price Daniel J , Toci Claudia , Pinte Christophe , Juillard Sandrine , Garg Himanshi 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the re-detection of a compact source in the face-on protoplanetary disc surrounding HD 169142, using VLT/SPHERE data in YJH bands. The source is found at a separation of 0${_{.}^{\prime\prime}}$319 (∼37 au) from the star. Three lines of evidence argue in favour of the signal tracing a protoplanet: (i) it is found in the annular gap separating the two bright rings of the disc, as predicted by theory; (ii) it is moving at the expected Keplerian velocity for an object at ∼37 au in the 2015, 2017, and 2019 data sets; and (iii) we also detect a spiral-shaped signal whose morphology is consistent with the expected outer spiral wake triggered by a planet in the gap, based on dedicated hydrodynamical simulations of the system. The YJH colours we extracted for the object are consistent with tracing scattered starlight, suggesting that the protoplanet is enshrouded in a significant amount of dust, as expected for a circumplanetary disc or envelope surrounding a gap-clearing Jovian-mass protoplanet.
Massive Somatic and Germline Chromosomal Integrations of Polydnaviruses in Lepidopterans
Authors: Heisserer Camille , Muller Héloïse , Jouan Véronique , Musset Karine , Periquet Georges , Drezen Jean-Michel , Volkoff Anne-Nathalie , Gilbert Clément 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIncreasing numbers of horizontal transfer (HT) of genes and transposable elements are reported in insects. Yet the mechanisms underlying these transfers remain unknown. Here we first quantify and characterize the patterns of chromosomal integration of the polydnavirus (PDV) encoded by the Campopleginae Hyposoter didymator parasitoid wasp (HdIV) in somatic cells of parasitized fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). PDVs are domesticated viruses injected by wasps together with their eggs into their hosts in order to facilitate the development of wasp larvae. We found that six HdIV DNA circles integrate into the genome of host somatic cells. Each host haploid genome suffers between 23 and 40 integration events (IEs) on average 72 h post-parasitism. Almost all IEs are mediated by DNA double-strand breaks occurring in the host integration motif (HIM) of HdIV circles. We show that despite their independent evolutionary origins, PDV from both Campopleginae and Braconidae wasps use remarkably similar mechanisms for chromosomal integration. Next, our similarity search performed on 775 genomes reveals that PDVs of both Campopleginae and Braconidae wasps have recurrently colonized the germline of dozens of lepidopteran species through the same mechanisms they use to integrate into somatic host chromosomes during parasitism. We found evidence of HIM-mediated HT of PDV DNA circles in no less than 124 species belonging to 15 lepidopteran families. Thus, this mechanism underlies a major route of HT of genetic material from wasps to lepidopterans with likely important consequences on lepidopterans.
Coupling metal stable isotope compositions and X-ray absorption spectroscopy to study metal pathways in soil–plant systems: a mini review
Authors: Aucour Anne Marie , Sarret Géraldine , Blommaert Hester , Wiggenhauser Matthias 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Excess and limited trace metal contents in soils and plants can limit crop yields and pose a risk for the environment and human health. This mini-review reports on the emerging approach of combining X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) with isotope analyses to improve the understanding of metal speciation and dynamics in soil–plant systems. In soils and their components, shifts in isotope compositions could be in some cases linked to changing metal speciation and thereby provide information on processes that control the phytoavailability of metals. In plants, the XAS-isotope approach has potential to improve the understanding of how complex interactions of metal speciation, redox processes, and membrane transport control metal uptake and translocation to edible plant parts. Yet, the XAS-isotope approach proves to be in a rather exploratory phase, and many research gaps remain. Such limitations can be overcome by methodological improvements and combining the approach with molecular biology and modelling approaches.
Human and bacterial TatD enzymes exhibit apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease activity
Authors: Dorival Jonathan , Eichman Brandt F 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTatD enzymes are evolutionarily conserved deoxyribonucleases associated with DNA repair, apoptosis, development, and parasite virulence. Three TatD paralogs exist in humans, but their nuclease functions are unknown. Here, we describe the nuclease activities of two of the three human TatD paralogs, TATDN1 and TATDN3, which represent two phylogenetically distinct clades based on unique active site motifs. We found that in addition to 3′-5′ exonuclease activity associated with other TatD proteins, both TATDN1 and TATDN3 exhibited apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease activity. The AP endonuclease activity was observed only in double-stranded DNA, whereas exonuclease activity was operative primarily in single-stranded DNA. Both nuclease activities were observed in the presence of Mg2+ or Mn2+, and we identified several divalent metal cofactors that inhibited exonuclease and supported AP endonuclease activity. Biochemical analysis and a crystal structure of TATDN1 bound to 2′-deoxyadenosine 5′-monophosphate in the active site are consistent with two-metal ion catalysis, and we identify several residues that differentiate nuclease activities in the two proteins. In addition, we show that the three Escherichia coli TatD paralogs are also AP endonucleases, indicating that this activity is conserved across evolution. Together, these results indicate that TatD enzymes constitute a family of ancient AP endonucleases.
Diagnostic accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid liquid biopsy and MRI for leptomeningeal metastases in solid cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nakasu Yoko , Deguchi Shoichi , Nakasu Satoshi , Yamazaki Mutsumi , Notsu Akifumi , Mitsuya Koichi , Hayashi Nakamasa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology remains the gold standard approach for diagnosing of leptomeningeal metastases (LM), but has clinical problems due to its low sensitivity. This systemic review and meta-analysis evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the novel CSF biomarkers of liquid biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting LM in patients with solid cancers.MethodsA systematic search of electronic databases was conducted to identify all published diagnostic accuracy studies on CSF liquid biopsies and MRI since January 2000 with registration for PROSPERO (#CRD42022301988). Articles were selected based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria following the PRISMA 2020 statement.ResultsThe search yielded 3790 citations, and 10 studies with 668 patients were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of LM was 50.9% (340/668). The respective sensitivity and specificity for index tests were as follows: circulating tumor cells (CTC), 87.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 77.9–92.6%) and 93.8% (86.9–97.2%); cell-free tumor DNA, 97.9% (19.3–100%) and 89.0% (25.3–99.5%); MRI 59.4% (60.7–76.9%) and 97.6% (77.3–99.8%); cytology, 71.9% (54.7–82.9%) and 100%. The diagnostic odds ratio was 100.6 (29.38–344.09) for CTC and 93.3 (88.42–1034.05) for MRI.ConclusionNovel CSF liquid biopsies and MRI may offer improved diagnostic accuracy for LM from solid cancers; however, further research is required to specify the threshold values and to construct standards for individual primary cancers.
Sonocatalytic hydrogen/hole-combined therapy for anti-biofilm and infected diabetic wound healing
Authors: Xu Qingqing , Chen Shengqiang , Jiang Lingdong , Xia Chao , Zeng Lingting , Cai Xiaoqing , Jin Zhaokui , Qin Shucun , Ding Wenjiang , He Qianjun 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
It is a great challenge to effectively eradicate biofilm and cure biofilm-infected diseases because dense extracellular polymeric substance matrix prevents routine antibacterial agents from penetrating into biofilm. H2 is an emerging energy-regulating molecule possessing both high biosafety and high tissue permeability. In this work, we propose a concept of sonocatalytic hydrogen/hole-combined ‘inside/outside-cooperation’ anti-biofilm for promoting bacteria-infected diabetic wound healing based on two-dimensional piezoelectric nanomaterials. Proof-of-concept experiments using C3N4 nanosheets as a representative piezoelectric catalyst with wide band gap and high biosafety have verified that sonocatalytically generated H2 and holes rapidly penetrate into biofilm to inhibit bacterial energy metabolism and oxidatively deprive polysaccharides/NADH in biofilm to destroy the bacterial membrane/electron transport chain, respectively, inside/outside-cooperatively eradicating biofilm. A bacteria-infected diabetic wound model is used to confirm the excellent in vivo antibacterial performance of sonocatalytic hydrogen/hole-combined therapy, remarkably improving bacteria-infected diabetic wound healing. The proposed strategy of sonocatalytic hole/hydrogen-combined ‘inside/outside-cooperation’ will make a highway for treatment of deep-seated biofilm infection.
Age, Period, and Cohort Analysis of Smoking Intensity Among Current Smokers in Malaysia, 1996–2015
Authors: Teh Chien Huey , Rampal Sanjay , Lim Kuang Hock , Azahadi Omar , Tahir Aris 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Tobacco use is one of the major preventable risk factors for premature death and disability worldwide. Understanding the trend of tobacco use over time is important for informed policy making.

Aims and Methods
The present study aimed to examine the changes in mean daily cigarette consumption among random samples of the Malaysian current smoker population over 20 years using an age-period-cohort (APC) approach. We conducted APC analysis using a multilevel hierarchical age-period-cohort model and data from four nationally representative, repeated cross-sectional surveys (National Health and Morbidity Survey) conducted in 1996, 2006, 2011, and 2015 among individuals aged 18 to 80 years. Analyses were also stratified by gender and ethnicity.

Results
Overall, mean daily cigarette consumption (smoking intensity) among current smokers increased with age until 60, after which a drop was observed. There were increases in daily cigarette consumption across birth cohorts. Age and cohort trends did not vary by gender but by ethnicity. The decreasing cigarette consumption after age 60 among the current smoker population was consistent with those observed among the Chinese and Indians, a trend that was not observed in Malays and other aborigines. In contrast, the increasing cohort trend was consistent with those observed among the Malays and other bumiputras.

Conclusions
The present study highlighted important ethnic-specific trends for mean daily cigarette consumption among the current smoker population in Malaysia. These findings are essential in guiding the formulation of interventional strategies or implementation of national tobacco control policies and help achieve the Ministry of Health Malaysia’s 2025 and 2045 targets for smoking prevalence.

Implications
This is the first APC study on smoking intensity among current smokers in a multiracial, middle-income nation. Very few studies had performed gender- and ethnic-stratified APC analyses. The ethnic-stratified APC analyses provide useful insights into the overall age and cohort trends observed among the current smoker population in Malaysia. Therefore, the present study could add evidence to the existing literature on the APC trends of smoking intensity. The APC trends are also important in guiding the government to develop, implement, and evaluate antismoking strategies.
Community-Onset Bacterial Coinfection in Children Critically Ill With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Authors: Moffitt Kristin L , Nakamura Mari M , Young Cameron C , Newhams Margaret M , Halasa Natasha B , Reed J Nelson , Fitzgerald Julie C , Spinella Philip C , Soma Vijaya L , Walker Tracie C , Loftis Laura L , Maddux Aline B , Kong Michele , Rowan Courtney M , Hobbs Charlotte V , Schuster Jennifer E , Riggs Becky J , McLaughlin Gwenn E , Michelson Kelly N , Hall Mark W , Babbitt Christopher J , Cvijanovich Natalie Z , Zinter Matt S , Maamari Mia , Schwarz Adam J , Singh Aalok R , Flori Heidi R , Gertz Shira J , Staat Mary A , Giuliano John S , Hymes Saul R , Clouser Katharine N , McGuire John , Carroll Christopher L , Thomas Neal J , Levy Emily R , Randolph Adrienne G 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundCommunity-onset bacterial coinfection in adults hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is reportedly uncommon, though empiric antibiotic use has been high. However, data regarding empiric antibiotic use and bacterial coinfection in children with critical illness from COVID-19 are scarce.MethodsWe evaluated children and adolescents aged &lt;19 years admitted to a pediatric intensive care or high-acuity unit for COVID-19 between March and December 2020. Based on qualifying microbiology results from the first 3 days of admission, we adjudicated whether patients had community-onset bacterial coinfection. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics of those who did and did not (1) receive antibiotics and (2) have bacterial coinfection early in admission. Using Poisson regression models, we assessed factors associated with these outcomes.ResultsOf the 532 patients, 63.3% received empiric antibiotics, but only 7.1% had bacterial coinfection, and only 3.0% had respiratory bacterial coinfection. In multivariable analyses, empiric antibiotics were more likely to be prescribed for immunocompromised patients (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 1.34 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.01–1.79]), those requiring any respiratory support except mechanical ventilation (aRR, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.05–1.90]), or those requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (aRR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.36–2.47]) (compared with no respiratory support). The presence of a pulmonary comorbidity other than asthma (aRR, 2.31 [95% CI, 1.15–4.62]) was associated with bacterial coinfection.ConclusionsCommunity-onset bacterial coinfection in children with critical COVID-19 is infrequent, but empiric antibiotics are commonly prescribed. These findings inform antimicrobial use and support rapid de-escalation when evaluation shows coinfection is unlikely.
PECTIN METHYLESTERASE INHIBITOR18 functions in stomatal dynamics and stomatal dimension
Authors: Zhang Xianwen , Guo Huimin , Xiao Chuanlei , Yan Zhiqiang , Ning Nina , Chen Gang , Zhang Jumei , Hu Honghong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Pectin methylesterification in guard cell (GC) walls plays an important role in stomatal development and stomatal response to external stimuli, and pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs) modulate pectin methylesterification by inhibition of pectin methylesterase (PME). However, the function of PMEIs has not been reported in stomata. Here, we report the role of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PECTIN METHYLESTERASE INHIBITOR18 in stomatal dynamic responses to environmental changes. PMEI18 mutation increased pectin demethylesterification and reduced pectin degradation, resulting in increased stomatal pore size, impaired stomatal dynamics, and hypersensitivity to drought stresses. In contrast, overexpression of PMEI18 reduced pectin demethylesterification and increased pectin degradation, causing more rapid stomatal dynamics. PMEI18 interacted with PME31 in plants, and in vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated that PMEI18 directly inhibits the PME activity of PME31 on pectins. Genetic interaction analyses suggested that PMEI18 modulates stomatal dynamics mainly through inhibition of PME31 on pectin methylesterification in cell walls. Our results provide insight into the molecular mechanism of the PMEI18–PME31 module in stomatal dynamics and highlight the role of PMEI18 and PME31 in stomatal dynamics through modulation of pectin methylesterification and distribution in GC walls.
Store-operated Ca2+ entry regulatory factor alters murine metabolic state in an age-dependent manner via hypothalamic pathways
Authors: Gataulin Diana , Kuperman Yael , Tsoory Michael , Biton Inbal E , Nataniel Tomer , Palty Raz , Karbat Izhar , Meshcheriakova Anna , Reuveny Eitan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is a vital process aimed at refilling cellular internal Ca2+ stores and a primary cellular signaling driver for transcription factors’ entry to the nucleus. SOCE-associated regulatory factor (SARAF)/TMEM66 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident transmembrane protein that promotes SOCE inactivation and prevents Ca2+ overfilling of the cell. Here, we demonstrate that mice deficient in SARAF develop age-dependent sarcopenic obesity with decreased energy expenditure, lean mass, and locomotion without affecting food consumption. Moreover, SARAF ablation reduces hippocampal proliferation, modulates the activity of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, and mediates changes in anxiety-related behaviors. Interestingly, selective SARAF ablation in the hypothalamus's paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons reduces old age-induced obesity and preserves locomotor activity, lean mass, and energy expenditure, suggesting a possible central control with a site-specific role for SARAF. At the cellular level, SARAF ablation in hepatocytes leads to elevated SOCE, elevated vasopressin-induced Ca2+ oscillations, and an increased mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity (SPC), thus providing insights into the cellular mechanisms that may affect the global phenotypes. These effects may be mediated via the liver X receptor (LXR) and IL-1 signaling metabolic regulators explicitly altered in SARAF ablated cells. In short, our work supports both central and peripheral roles of SARAF in regulating metabolic, behavioral, and cellular responses.
Combinatorial classification of (±1)-skew projective spaces
Authors: Higashitani Akihiro , Ueyama  Kenta 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The non-commutative projective scheme $\operatorname{\mathsf{Proj_{nc}}} S$ of a $(\pm 1)$-skew polynomial algebra S in n variables is considered to be a $(\pm 1)$-skew projective space of dimension n − 1. In this paper, using combinatorial methods, we give a classification theorem for $(\pm 1)$-skew projective spaces. Specifically, among other equivalences, we prove that $(\pm 1)$-skew projective spaces $\operatorname{\mathsf{Proj_{nc}}} S$ and $\operatorname{\mathsf{Proj_{nc}}} S^{\prime}$ are isomorphic if and only if certain graphs associated with S and Sʹ are switching (or mutation) equivalent. We also discuss invariants of $(\pm 1)$-skew projective spaces from a combinatorial point of view.