bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fungi in hair roots of Vaccinium spp. (Ericaceae) growing on decomposing wood: colonization patterns, identity, and in vitro symbiotic potential
Authors: Vohník Martin , Réblová Martina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMost of our knowledge on the ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) symbiosis comes from temperate heathlands characterized by acidic peaty soils and many experiments with a few ascomycetous fungi. However, ericaceous plants thrive in many other ecosystems and in temperate coniferous forests, their seedlings often prosper on decomposing wood. While wood is typically exploited by basidiomycetous ectomycorrhizal (EcM) and saprobic fungi, the role of ErM fungi (ErMF) is much less clear. We explored the cultivable mycobiota of surface sterilized hair roots of Vaccinium spp. growing on decomposing wood in two coniferous forests in Mid-Norway (Scandinavia) and Northern Bohemia (Central Europe). Obtained isolates were identified using molecular tools and their symbiotic potential was tested in vitro. While the detected community lacked the archetypal ErMF Hyaloscypha hepaticicola and the incidence of dark septate endophytes and EcM fungi was negligible, it comprised other frequent asexual ascomycetous ErMF, namely H. variabilis and Oidiodendron maius, together with several isolates displaying affinities to sexual saprobic H. daedaleae and H. fuckelii. Ascomycete-suppressing media revealed representatives of the saprobic basidiomycetous genera Coprinellus, Gymnopilus, Mycena (Agaricales), and Hypochnicium (Polyporales). In the resyntheses, the tested basidiomycetes occasionally penetrated the rhizodermal cells of their hosts but never formed ericoid mycorrhizae and in many cases overgrew and killed the inoculated seedlings. In contrast, a representative of the H. daedaleae/H. fuckelii-related isolates repeatedly formed what morphologically appears as the ErM symbiosis and supported host's growth. In conclusion, while basidiomycetous saprobic fungi have a potential to colonize healthy-looking ericaceous hair roots, the mode(-s) of their functioning remain obscure. For the first time, a lineage in Hyaloscypha s. str. (corresponding to the former Hymenoscyphus ericae aggregate) where sexual saprobes are intermingled with root symbionts has been revealed, shedding new light on the ecology and evolution of these prominent ascomycetous ErMF.
Clinical, cognitive, and morphometric profiles of progressive supranuclear palsy phenotypes
Authors: Campagnolo Marta , Weis Luca , Fogliano Carmelo , Cianci Valeria , Garon Michela , Fiorenzato Eleonora , Carecchio Miryam , Ferreri Florinda , Bisiacchi Patrizia , Antonini Angelo , Biundo Roberta 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe International Parkinson’s and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) criteria for progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) have broadened the clinical spectrum of the disease and established phenotypic characterization according to the predominant manifestation at onset. The objective of this study is to describe clinical/cognitive and imaging features of a monocentric cohort of PSP patients, highlighting different patterns of functional disability according to the assigned phenotype. We retrospectively reviewed clinical/imaging data of 53 PSP patients diagnosed with probable PSP according to the MDS criteria and 40 age/sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Neurological/neuropsychological assessments were performed using standardized scales, as well as comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphometric measurements. In our cohort, there were 24/53 PSP-RS (Richardson’s syndrome), 13/53 PSP-P (Parkinsonism), 7/53 PSP-PGF (Progressive gait freezing), and 9/53 PSP-Cog (Cognitive impairment). PSP-Cog presented the worst motor profiles, the highest percentages of dementia and impaired functional autonomy; 4/9 PSP-Cog and 2/7 PSP-PGF died. PSP-P had the lowest motor/cognitive burden. All MRI parameters had good discriminative efficacy vs. HCs, with P/M 2.0 discriminating PSP-PGF from PSP-RS and PSP-Cog. We highlighted discrete clinical and imaging patterns that best characterize different PSP phenotypes. PSP-Cog and PSP-PGF/RS manifest greater incidence of dementia and motor disability, respectively, while PSP-P has a more benign course. The identification of different phenotypes may be the expression of different progression patterns requiring tailored approaches in terms of follow-up and treatment. These findings support the concept of discrete patterns of Tau pathology within the PSP spectrum and encourage research for phenotype-specific outcome measures.
Objective climatology and classification of the Mediterranean cyclones based on the ERA5 data set and the use of the results for the definition of seasons
Authors: Kotsias G. , Lolis C. J. , Hatzianastassiou N. , Bakas N. , Lionello P. , Bartzokas A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAn objective cyclone detection and tracking analysis is performed for the Mediterranean region with the use of 6-hourly (00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC) 1° × 1° mean sea-level pressure data obtained from the ERA5 database for the period 1950–2018. At first, the main cyclogenesis and high-density areas of cyclones are identified. Next, principal component analysis and cluster analysis are performed, classifying the detected cyclone trajectories into 12 clusters. In the following step, the application of the above methodology, this time on the intra-annual variations of the 12 cyclone clusters’ frequencies leads to the objective definition of four seasons, which generally correspond to the conventional ones, but they present differences in their limits and duration. The results of this method are also compared with the ones of two other methods for defining the seasons, which are based (i) on the long-term mean intra-annual variations of various meteorological parameters and (ii) on the intra-annual variations of the frequencies of defined weather types, revealing larger winter and shorter spring seasons. Finally, a composition of all three aforementioned approaches is attempted, leading to the following seasons: “winter” (November 16–March 25) which lasts more than 4 months, “spring” (March 26–June 11) with a duration of approximately 2.5 months, “summer” (June 12–September 12) which lasts about 3 months, and “autumn” (September 13–November 15) with a duration of about 2 months. The long-term changes of the above seasons’ characteristics are also examined.
A Stirling-Type Formula for the Distribution of the Length of Longest Increasing Subsequences
Authors: Bornemann Folkmar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe discrete distribution of the length of longest increasing subsequences in random permutations of n integers is deeply related to random matrix theory. In a seminal work, Baik, Deift and Johansson provided an asymptotics in terms of the distribution of the scaled largest level of the large matrix limit of GUE. As a numerical approximation, however, this asymptotics is inaccurate for small n and has a slow convergence rate, conjectured to be just of order $$n^{-1/3}$$

n

-
1
/
3

. Here, we suggest a different type of approximation, based on Hayman’s generalization of Stirling’s formula. Such a formula gives already a couple of correct digits of the length distribution for n as small as 20 but allows numerical evaluations, with a uniform error of apparent order $$n^{-2/3}$$

n

-
2
/
3

, for n as large as $$10^{12}$$

10
12

, thus closing the gap between a table of exact values (compiled for up to $$n=1000$$

n
=
1000

) and the random matrix limit. Being much more efficient and accurate than Monte Carlo simulations, the Stirling-type formula allows for a precise numerical understanding of the first few finite size correction terms to the random matrix limit. From this we derive expansions of the expected value and variance of the length, exhibiting several more terms than previously put forward.
Analysis of 3D crack patterns in a free plate caused by thermal shock using FEM-bifurcation
Authors: Jesch-Weigel Nico , Zielke Reiner , Hofmann Martin , Wallmersperger Thomas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDamage to components made of brittle material due to thermal shock represents a high safety risk. Predicting the degree of damage is therefore very important to avoid catastrophic failure. An energy-based linear elastic fracture mechanics bifurcation analysis using a three-dimensional finite element model is presented here, which allows the determination of crack length and crack spacing for a defined thermal load in a free plate. It is assumed that a hierarchical crack pattern is formed due to cooling penetration. The constant growth of the ideal regular pattern of hexagons can change into a pattern with a different symmetry by slightly changing the cooling conditions. This bifurcation point is determined by the second derivative of the mechanical potential with respect to the geometry of the crack front. The very high computational effort for the second derivative is reduced by describing the three-dimensional crack front with a limited number of Fourier coefficients. A one-dimensional transient temperature field at a sufficient distance from the plate edge is assumed. For alumina, the crack length and crack spacing curves are computed for different quenching temperatures and heat transfer coefficients. The corresponding final crack lengths are also calculated as a measure of damage. Comparison with a two-dimensional model confirms the expected 1/2 difference in crack spacing. Data from thermal shock experiments are also presented. However, due to the cracks caused by the strong cooling at the edge, these correspond to the results of the two-dimensional model.
Test-data generation and integration for long-distance e-vehicle routing
Authors: Barauskas Andrius , Brilingaitė Agnė , Bukauskas Linas , Čeikutė Vaida , Čivilis Alminas , Šaltenis Simonas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAdvanced route planning algorithms are one of the key enabling technologies for emerging electric and autonomous mobility. Large realistic data sets are needed to test such algorithms under conditions that capture natural time-varying traffic patterns and corresponding travel-time and energy-use predictions. Further, the time-varying availability of charging infrastructure and vehicle-specific charging-power curves may be necessary to support advanced planning. While some data sets and synthetic data generators capture some of the aspects mentioned above, no integrated testbeds include all of them. We contribute with a modular testbed architecture. First, it includes a semi-synthetic data generator that uses a state-of-the-art traffic simulator, real traffic volume distribution patterns, EV-specific data, and elevation data. These elements support the generation of time-dependent travel-time and energy-use weights in a road-network graph. The generator ensures that the data satisfies the FIFO property, which is essential for time-dependent routing. Next, the testbed provides a thin layer of services that can serve as building blocks for future advanced routing algorithms. The experimental study demonstrates that the testbed can reproduce travel-time and energy-use patterns for long-distance trips similar to commercially available services.
Predictors of Mother and Infant Emergency Department Attendance and Admission: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Mason-Jones Amanda J. , Beltrán Luis , Keding Ada , Berry Vashti , Blower Sarah L. , Whittaker Karen , Bywater Tracey 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective
To explore the predictors of emergency department attendance and admission for mothers and their infants.

Methods
Self-reported emergency department (ED) attendance and admission, sociodemographic, mental health, and other measures were recorded at baseline and at 12 months at 4 sites in England between May 2017 and March 2020.

Results
Infants’ gestational age (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.88, p = 0.001), mothers’ mental health (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.30 to 4.41, p = 0.005) and mothers’ attendance at ED (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.13 to 4.84, p = 0.022) predicted infant ED attendance. Frequency of attendance was predicted by ED site (IRR 0.46, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.73, p = 0.001) and mothers’ age (IRR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.00, p = 0.028). Infant hospital admissions were predominantly for respiratory (40%) and other infectious diseases (21%) and were predicted by previous health problems (OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.76 to 6.01, p < 0.001).
Mothers’ ED attendance was predicted by mixed or multiple ethnic origin (OR 9.62, 95% CI 2.19 to 42.27, p = 0.003), having a male infant (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.20, p = 0.042), and previous hospitalisation (OR 4.15, 95% CI 1.81 to 9.56, p = 0.001). Hospital admission was largely for reproductive health issues (61%) with frequency predicted by having attended the ED at least once (IRR 3.39, 95% CI 1.66 to 6.93, p = 0.001), and being anxious or depressed (IRR 3.10, 95% CI 1.14 to 8.45, p = 0.027).

Conclusions for Practice
Improving the reproductive and mental health of mothers may help to avoid poor maternal and infant health outcomes and reduce emergency service utilisation and hospitalisation.
Proper modelling of industrial production systems with unintended outputs: a different perspective
Authors: Dyckhoff Harald 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The question of how to properly model production systems with unintended outputs has proven both controversial and of particular interest to the productivity and efficiency community. The paper explains why some of the arguments put forward in these controversies are hardly convincing for industrial and other processes. Among other things, there is a lack of clear conceptual labelling of the different types of joint production, especially coupled production, which is the main source of undesirable and other unintended outputs, unless neglected. It is largely ignored that the desirability of such by-products may depend on the quantity produced. This is also true for reduction processes such as waste incineration or end-of-life vehicle dismantling, which in turn generate new unintended outputs. As a rule, industrial material and energy balances are modelled implicitly. Koopmans’ activity analysis is the standard approach in modelling production systems with undesirable outputs in the literature of business economics on sustainable production and supply chain management. With data envelopment analysis (DEA), instead of entire production possibilities, it is sufficient to know only certain local properties in the relevant range of input and output quantities of the observed activities. This lowers the challenge to verify their empirical validity.
Life satisfaction 18 months and 10 years following spinal cord injury: results from a New Zealand prospective cohort study
Authors: Dixon Ruby , Derrett Sarah , Samaranayaka Ari , Harcombe Helen , Wyeth Emma H. , Beaver Carolyn , Sullivan Martin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To examine the life satisfaction outcomes after spinal cord injury (SCI) and to identify the factors associated with life satisfaction at 18 months and 10 years post-SCI in New Zealand (NZ).

Methods
Adults (16–64 years) were recruited between 2007 and 2009 from NZ’s two spinal units following first admission for SCI. Interviews at 6 months, 18 months, and 10 years post-SCI examined demographic, physical, psychosocial, economic, and environmental characteristics. Multivariable regression models were used to identify predictors of life satisfaction at each timepoint.

Results
Overall, 118 people participated at 6 months, 103 at 18 months, and 63 at 10 years post-SCI. Pre-SCI, 90% of participants were satisfied with life, 67% were satisfied at 18 months, and 78% at 10 years. At 18 months post-SCI, participants who reported: never or sometimes using a wheelchair, no problems with self-care, no problems with anxiety or depression, no/lesser disability, or fewer secondary health conditions (SHCs) at 6 months post-SCI were more likely to be satisfied (p < 0.05), compared to those without these characteristics. Participants who experienced considerable disability at 6 months post-SCI were 22% less likely to be satisfied 10 years post-SCI compared to those experiencing no/lesser disability (p = 0.028).

Conclusions
A higher proportion of participants were satisfied at both 18 months and 10 years post-SCI than not satisfied. To improve the likelihood of satisfaction with life, increased focus on reducing disability and providing supports for those using wheelchairs, experiencing anxiety/depression or problems with self-care, and effects of SHCs are promising for future potential interventions.
Investigation of the properties of a water-based acrylic dispersion modified with an ionic liquid, surfactant, and thickener
Authors: Zalewska Anna , Kowalik Joanna , Tworek Magdalena 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The sustainable development of the paint and varnish industry is a prerequisite for action to minimize the negative environmental impact of paint products. They consist not only in reducing the emission of harmful VOC substances into the atmosphere but also in modifying the composition of the paint material in order to improve the properties of the coatings and at the same time reduce the amount of waste. Selection of the appropriate composition of the water-borne composition is still a problem to be solved. Therefore, aqueous polymer dispersions of Arlberdingk AC 2514 containing an acrylic resin modified with an ionic liquid of didecyldimethylammonium nitrate (DDANO3) were tested. Non-ionic surfactants (Rokanol L-10 and Rokacet S-24), polyurethane thickener (DSX 1514), and mineral thickener (bentonite) were also used for stabilization. The influence of individual components on changes in the stability and particle size of dispersion systems was investigated. Physicomechanical tests of coatings obtained from polymer dispersion systems were also performed. Studies have shown that with the increase in the amount of DDANO3 in the system, the particle size of the varnish composition decreases and the gloss and relative hardness of the coatings decrease. The optimal amount of DDANO3 in the dispersion is 1.5% w/w. DSX 1514 increased the stability, reduced the migration rate of the dispersion particles, and improved the elasticity and impact resistance of the protective membranes. It has been shown that the stability varies depending on the type of thickener and surfactant (SAA) used. SAA increases the value of the TSI (Turbiscan Stability Index), which takes the values of 3.8 (0.3 g bentonite) and 3.6 (0.6 g bentonite), respectively, with Rokanol L-10 16% w/w. Water-soluble acrylic resin with the tested additives can be potentially used for the production of stable dispersions with extended life.
Customizable tubular model for n-furcating blood vessels and its application to 3D reconstruction of the cerebrovascular system
Authors: Chlebiej Michal , Zurada Anna , Gielecki Jerzy , Pawlak Mikolaj A. , Szkulmowski Maciej 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the 3D cerebral vascular network is one of the pressing issues impacting the diagnostics of various systemic disorders and is helpful in clinical therapeutic strategies. Unfortunately, the existing software in the radiological workstation does not meet the expectations of radiologists who require a computerized system for detailed, quantitative analysis of the human cerebrovascular system in 3D and a standardized geometric description of its components. In this study, we show a method that uses 3D image data from magnetic resonance imaging with contrast to create a geometrical reconstruction of the vessels and a parametric description of the reconstructed segments of the vessels. First, the method isolates the vascular system using controlled morphological growing and performs skeleton extraction and optimization. Then, around the optimized skeleton branches, it creates tubular objects optimized for quality and accuracy of matching with the originally isolated vascular data. Finally, it optimizes the joints on n-furcating vessel segments. As a result, the algorithm gives a complete description of shape, position in space, position relative to other segments, and other anatomical structures of each cerebrovascular system segment. Our method is highly customizable and in principle allows reconstructing vascular structures from any 2D or 3D data. The algorithm solves shortcomings of currently available methods including failures to reconstruct the vessel mesh in the proximity of junctions and is free of mesh collisions in high curvature vessels. It also introduces a number of optimizations in the vessel skeletonization leading to a more smooth and more accurate model of the vessel network. We have tested the method on 20 datasets from the public magnetic resonance angiography image database and show that the method allows for repeatable and robust segmentation of the vessel network and allows to compute vascular lateralization indices.
Graphical abstract
Current topics and challenges in geoAI
Authors: Richter Kai-Florian , Scheider Simon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTaken literally, geoAI is the use of Artificial Intelligence methods and techniques in solving geo-spatial problems. Similar to AI more generally, geoAI has seen an influx of new (big) data sources and advanced machine learning techniques, but also a shift in the kind of problems under investigation. In this article, we highlight some of these changes and identify current topics and challenges in geoAI.
Gender Identity Discrimination and Religious Freedom
Authors: Parkinson Patrick 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIs there a legitimate basis for religious exemptions from laws that prohibit gender identity discrimination on the basis of people’s beliefs? The author argues that much depends upon how gender dysphoria is understood. If it is seen as a problem requiring medical diagnosis and treatment, then arguably there is no religious basis for discrimination, except in a few situations where being a biological male or female is theologically essential to a particular role. Transgender identification, understood as a medical issue, fits within a belief system that God created two sexes of human beings, male and female. Within that belief system one can make room for an understanding that there are those who experience disorders of sex development and those who have such a profound sense of being born in the wrong body that they undertake steps toward medical transition to align their bodies, as far as possible, with the opposite sex. However, recent reinterpretations of what it means to be transgender involve an assertion that it should not be seen as a medical issue, that affirmation of a person’s self-declared gender identity, with or without having hormonal treatment or surgery, is a matter of human rights and that the law should recognize that people may have a gender that, however described, is nonbinary. These views rely on certain beliefs and positions that have a very weak basis in science. They challenge religious beliefs, which accord with mainstream scientific understanding, that human beings are intrinsically a sexually dimorphic species. People of faith need the freedom to reject beliefs that are incompatible with their worldviews. That does not mean that ill-treatment of someone on the basis of their gender identity can ever be justified; but it does support a religious exemption from a legal obligation to accept someone else’s self-declared gender identity. It is one thing to ask me to respect your beliefs about yourself. It is another to ask me to act toward you as if I share your beliefs.