bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from patients in COVID-19 wards and ICUs in a Bulgarian University Hospital
Authors: Savova Dobromira , Niyazi Denis , Bozhkova Milena , Stoeva Temenuga 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany studies report an increase in antimicrobial resistance of Gram – negative bacteria during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our aim was to evaluate the epidemiological relationship between carbapenem-resistant (CR) Enterobacteriaceae isolates from patients in COVID-19 wards and to investigate the main mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in these isolates during the period April 2020–July 2021. A total of 45 isolates were studied: Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 37), Klebsiella oxytoca (n = 2), Enterobacter cloacae complex (n = 4) and Escherichia coli (n = 2). Multiplex PCR was used for detection of genes encoding carbapenemases from different classes (blaKPC, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaNDM, blaOXA-48). For epidemiological typing and analysis, ERIC PCR was performed. Two clinical isolates of E. cloacae, previously identified as representatives of two dominant hospital clones from the period 2014–2017, were included in the study for comparison. In the CR K. pneumoniae group, 23 (62.2%) carried blaKPC, 13 (35.1%) blaNDM, 10 (27.0%) blaVIM, and 9 (24.3%) were positive for both blaKPC and blaVIM. The blaKPC was identified also in the two isolates of K. oxytoca and blaVIM in all E. cloacae complex isolates. The two CR isolates of E. coli possessed blaKPC and blaOXA-48 genes. Epidemiological typing identified 18 ERIC profiles among K. pneumoniae, some presented as clusters of identical and/or closely related isolates. The carbapenem resistance in the studied collection of isolates is mediated mainly by blaKPC. During the COVID-19 pandemic intrahospital dissemination of CR K. pneumoniae, producing carbapenemases of different molecular classes, as well as continuing circulation of dominant hospital clones of multidrug-resistant E. cloacae complex was documented.
PCK1 Protects against Mitoribosomal Defects in Diabetic Nephropathy in Mouse Models
Authors: Hasegawa Kazuhiro , Sakamaki Yusuke , Tamaki Masanori , Wakino Shu 
Published: May 2023

Significance Statement
Renal gluconeogenesis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Proximal tubular phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase1 (PEPCK1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis. However, the functions of PEPCK1 have not been elucidated. We describe the novel role of PEPCK1 as a mitoribosomal protector using Pck1 transgenic (TG) mice and knockout mice. Pck1 blocks excessive glycolysis by suppressing the upregulation of excess HK2 (the rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis). Notably, Pck1 overexpression retains mitoribosomal function and suppresses renal fibrosis. The renal and mitoribosomal protective roles of Pck1 may provide important clues for understanding DN pathogenesis and provide novel therapeutic targets.

Background
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is part of the gluconeogenesis pathway, which maintains fasting glucose levels and affects renal physiology. PEPCK consists of two isoforms—PEPCK1 and PEPCK2—that the Pck1 and Pck2 genes encode. Gluconeogenesis increases in diabetic nephropathy (DN), escalating fasting and postprandial glucose levels. Sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors increase hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis. We used genetically modified mice to investigate whether renal gluconeogenesis and Pck1 activity are renoprotective in DN.

Methods
We investigated the expression of Pck1 in the proximal tubule (PTs) of streptozotocin (STZ)-treated diabetic mice. We studied the phenotypic changes in PT-specific transgenic (TG) mice and PT-specific Pck1 conditional knockout (CKO) mice.

Results
The expression of Pck1 in PTs was downregulated in STZ-treated diabetic mice when they exhibited albuminuria. TG mice overexpressing Pck1 had improved albuminuria, concomitant with the mitigation of PT cell apoptosis and deposition of peritubular type IV collagen. Moreover, CKO mice exhibited PT cell apoptosis and type IV collagen deposition, findings also observed in STZ-treated mice. Renal fibrotic changes in CKO mice were associated with increasing defects in mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes). The TG mice were protected against STZ-induced mitoribosomal defects.

Conclusion

PCK1 preserves mitoribosomal function and may play a novel protective role in DN.
Need For Career Guidance in the Almajiri School System in Nigeria: Implication for in-School Adolescents
Authors: Bolu-Steve Foluke Nike , Okesina Falilat Anike 
Published: May 2023

The study investigated the need for career guidance in the Almajiri school system as perceived by teachers in Kebbi State, Nigeria. The population consisted of all teachers within the state. The researchers purposively selected six large schools in Brinin Kebbi which is the state capital, and another six large secondary schools in Argungu. Fifty teachers were picked in each of the schools using simple random sampling technique. Thus, a total of six hundred respondents partook in this study. Need for Career Guidance in Almajiri schools (NCGASQ) was the instrument used in this study. The questionnaire was the major instrument used to gather data from the respondents. This instrument was divided into two sections. Section A contains respondents’ demographic data, similarly, Section B comprises information that elicits responses on the need for career guidance among the Amanjiri in Kebbi State. The findings showed that the perception of the respondents based on gender and educational level were the same. However, respondents’ career perceptions differed according to age and religion. The information given by respondents between the age group of 42 years and above differed significantly from those of the other groups, while the differences were noted in the responses of those practicing African traditional religion. It was however recommended that the government should employ trained career counsellors in the Almanjiri school system this will equally assist these students.
Study on barriers of early detection of cervical cancer & breast cancer in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Sweekrati Solanki  , Agarwal Manisha , Chaudhary Ekta 
Published: May 2023

One of the leading cause of death in the entire world is cancer. More than 10 millions of people die from cancer every year but with early identification and leading to prompt treatment could relieve people from suffering and death. There are several types of cancer among which 30% are preventable. Mostly women suffer from breast cancer and cervical cancer which are preventable with early diagnosis. This research was conducted to identify the opportunities and barriers in using current screening services for the early detection of cervical and breast cancer among rural women in tertiary care centre in Sitapur, U.P.: The systemic study was planned to perform at the Hind institute of medical sciences Sitapur. At the centre the research was performed through systemic sampling procedure and with the help of academic research and industry professionals. A statistical analysis was conducted to determine the comparison of factors associated with awareness of breast and cervical cancer among study population.: We observed and concluded that breast cancer is more common than cervical cancer in India. The knowledge about cervical cancer is relatively low among women which is revealed in this research.: This study is concluded by stating that the women in this study population have less knowledge about cervical cancer than breast cancer due to lack of education.Therefore, promoting awareness among people about cervical and breast cancer would lead to early identification and diagnosis which would help women with less suffering and cost effective treatment.
A descriptive study to assess the experiences of mothers of infants (42 days-6 months of age) on respectful maternity care residing in Dadu Majra Colony, UT, Chandigarh (2021-2022)
Authors: Saini Sushma Kumari , Kumari Anita , Sindhi Aslam Khan , Geeta  , Mayuri  , Samyal Nidhi , Kaur Damanpreet 
Published: May 2023

Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) is right to receive dignified and respectful care by health care worker and right to freedom from harm. “The relationship between the lack of quality care and adverse maternal outcome has been highlighted globally. RMC include respect for women autonomy, dignity, feelings, privacy choices and freedom from ill-treatment, coercion, consideration for personal preference include option for companionship during maternity care.”To assess the experiences of mothers of infants (42 days- 6 months of age) regarding RMC residing in Dadu Majra colony UT. Chandigarh.This descriptive study was conducted on 133 mother of infants (42 days-6 month of age) residing in one semi urban area of Chandigarh, by using total enumeration sampling technique. The ethical clearance was given by the Ethics committee of NINE, PGIMER, Chandigarh. Tool used for data collection was interview schedule comprised of three parts : 1) Socio demographic profile of participants 2) Obstetrical profile of participants 3) Interview schedule to assess RMC, in the form of Likert scale in which 43 items scored into 5 categories i.e All the times (5). Sometimes (4). Often (3), Rarely (2) and Never (1). Data was collected by interviewing the participants as per interview schedule after taking informed written consent. Data was analysed by SPSS 20 version.Majority of the participants (90.2%) received very good RMC, other 7.3% received RMC and 2.3% received fair RMC. Most of the mothers received very good care in domain of dignified care (91.7%), equitable care (100.0%), highest attainable level of care (78.9%). freedom from harm (89.5%) and informed consent (88%) while the domain of privacy and confidential care 52.6% mothers received good respectful maternity care.Majority of the participant received the very good RMC, only few of the participants reported abusive cares such as yelling by the HCW and the security guards, slapped on the thighs etc.
Comparision of intravenous iron sucrose and intravenous ferric carboxymaltose for treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women: in a tertiary care hospital in Chengalpattu district
Authors: Gopalan Ushadevi , Mounika Malgari 
Published: May 2023

Anaemia is the most common manageable problem among pregnant women worldwide, which contribute to maternal and perinatal mortality.The aim is to compare the efficacy, safety and compliance of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose with intravenous iron sucrose in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy. It is a randomized prospective study conducted in department of obstetrics and Gynecology at Shri Sathya Sai Medical College, constituting of 100 pregnant women. 50 pregnant anemic patients were treated with intravenous ferric carboxymaltose and other 50 patients were treated with intravenous iron sucrose. Hemoglobin, packed cell volume and blood indices were measured before and 3 weeks after treatment. The efficacy and safety of both intravenous compounds were studied.Anaemia in pregnancy was more prevalent among 20-24 years of age groups, it is more common in multigravida in 22-28 weeks of gestational age. The mean difference of hemoglobin 3 weeks after treatment was 2.34 g/dl for ferric carboxymaltose and 1.32g/dl for iron sucrose. The other parameters also increased significantly for ferric carboxymaltose than iron sucrose.: ferric carboxymaltose is an efficient and better alternative in iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy with fewer side effects and has the added advantage of single dose regime.
Nutritional deficiency and MTHFR gene polymorphism in obstetrics
Authors: Sinha Shourabh , Kaur Navkiran , Sehgal Alka 
Published: May 2023

: This study was carried out to determine the association of folic acid deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphism with obstetrical events linked to folic acid deficiency like neural tube defects (NTD); unexplained abruption placentae (AP), recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and preterm labour(PTL).: In the present study 87 pregnant females with past or present history of either neural tube defect (NTD), abruptio placentae, recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) or preterm labour and 100 pregnant females without any such history were enrolled. Serum levels of folic acid, vitamin B12 and homocysteine in these females were estimated using chemiluminescence and Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was used to detect MTHFR gene polymorphism.: No significant association was observed between serum folic acid levels and NTD (p = 0.495), RPL (p = 0.832) or preterm labour (p = 0.724). However, folic acid deficiency had significant association with the occurrence of abruptio placenta (p = 0.001). Serum vit B12 deficiency was found to be a significant risk factor only in patients with RPL. Increased homocysteine revealed significant association with RPL (p= 0.024), abruption placentae (p=0.002) and preterm labour (0.015). No polymorphism in MTHFR gene could be revealed in the above pregnancy complications.: In the present study, deficiency of folic acid was uncommon probably due to its routine supplementation throughout the first trimester. However, preconceptional folic acid supplementation still needs to be emphasized to build up adequate folic acid levels required during embryogenesis. The relationship between vit B12 and RPL needs studies on larger number to establish the association before supplementation is suggested. MTHFR677 gene polymorphism may have remained undetected due to small sample size.
Combined use of pulse therapy and molecular hydrogen in rats with experimental rheumatoid arthritis: Clinical and histological evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness
Authors: Berezhnova Tatyana A. , Shishkina Viktoriya V. , Esaulenko Dmitry I. , Lunyova Yelena A. , Goryushkina Yelena S. , Abramyan Angelina A. , Dyadina Kseniya S. , Chechelnitsky Anastasia I. , Samoilenko Tatiana V. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Glucocorticosteroid therapy is the basic therapeutic option for rheumatoid arthritis; however, long-term treatment with low and medium doses is associated with the development of negative side effects. As reported, oxidative stress is crucial in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, pharmacotherapy that combines application of methylprednisolone pulse therapy and an aqueous molecular hydrogen solution seems to be a reasonable treatment option in these cases.
Materials and Methods: The study of the effectiveness of combined pharmacotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis was carried out on mature male rats. Rheumatoid arthritis was simulated by introducing bovine type II collagen into the right knee joint. Animals of the 1st – control – group received placebo; animals of the 2nd group received molecular hydrogen-enriched water intragastrically; animals of the 3rd group received methylprednisolone solution intravenously by catheterization of the tail vein, and animals of the 4th group received water enriched with molecular hydrogenintragastrically and methylprednisolone solution intravenously. After withdrawal of animals from the experiment, microsections of their joint tissues were analysed histologically and biomarkers of the joint inflammation were detected immunohistochemically.
Results and Discussion: Morphological analysis of microsections taken from animals of the 4th group evidenced effectiveness of the combined therapy based on quantitative estimation of the inflammatory biomarker expression. Dynamic polarization of M1/M2 macrophage was manifested with high quality in animals of this group.
Conclusion: The search for new therapeutic options for rheumatoid arthritis is expanded due to major antioxidant substances that can reduce duration of treatment, while ensuring positive dynamics of the course of the disease.
Graphical abstract:
Effect of Graded Levels of Dried Orange (Citrus sinensis) Byproducts on Production Efficiency, Blood Parameters and Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Readh CHAIB EDDOUR Ahmed , Miloud LITIM , Abdelkarim LARBAOUI , Kaddour BOUDEROUA , Chaima BELHOCINE 
Published: May 2023

Background: Orange wastes are bioactive compounds produced during the industrial transformation.The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding dried sweet orange byproducts (DOP) on broiler growth performance, serum metabolites and antioxidant status. Methods: A total of 200 of 20-day experimental broiler chicks were distributed into a completely randomized design which included 4 dietary treatments with 5 replicates of 10 birds fed each. The dietary treatments included a control diet with no corn substitution and three diets containing 5, 10 and 15% Dried Orange Pulp. Feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass traits, serum components, and blood antioxidant status were measured. Result: FCR and BWG of chickens were improved when using graded levels of DOP compared to the control group (P less than 0.05). Serum total protein and glucose were significantly increased (P less than 0.0001) in DOP groups compared to the control. Serum Cholesterol and triglyceride decreased significantly (P less than 0.0001) in the DOP groups. Higher Aspartate amino transferase, Lactate Dehydrogenase and Creatine Phospho Kinase activities were observed in Control group compared to the other treatments.
Short and long-term acclimation to water status at leaf and plant level of fungus-tolerant genotypes
Authors: Wilhelm de Almeida Luciana , Pellegrino Anne , Fontez Bénédicte , Torregrosa Laurent , Ojeda Hernán 
Published: May 2023

Today’s viticulture faces the double challenge of reducing chemical input while adapting plant material to future climate conditions. Adopting fungus disease-tolerant varieties appears to be a long-term solution as long as they are performant under abiotic constraints, such as drought. This study aimed to study the effects of water deficit (WD) and characterise the different strategies adopted to cope with drought in six new fungus disease-tolerant varieties selected by INRAE compared to Syrah. During five consecutive seasons (2018 to 2022), a gradient of WD was applied in field conditions and monitored through vine predawn water potential measurements. Grape development was non-destructively tracked by imaging to determine the arrest of berry phloem unloading. All variables were collected at the single plant level. The impacts of WD on leaf gas exchange and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi), vegetative development and yield components were assessed, as well as the genotypic sensitivity to WD at the leaf, vegetative and reproductive levels. All variables were negatively impacted by WD, except for intrinsic water use efficiency and total non-structural carbohydrate concentrations. Genotypes were differently impacted by WD at the physiological and vegetative levels, while no genotype-dependent response was observed for most reproductive variables. Generally, genotypes with the highest potential (highest intercept) in a certain variable were also the most sensitive to water deficit (higher slope). The most sensitive genotype regarding physiological and reproductive variables was G5, which showed higher reductions in berry weight, photosynthesis and WUEi, contrasting with Syrah, 3159B and Floreal. In this study, we observed a diversity of strategies to cope with WD in the long term, where some genotypes opted to reduce most variables (G5 and Artaban) or to maintain functioning at higher levels (Syrah and 3176N). Others displayed mixed responses: either reducing vegetative growth more than yield (3159B) or vice-versa (G14).
Cytosolic DNA sensing combined with differentiation therapy induces irreversible differentiation and cell growth arrest in myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Baba Tomohisa , Tomaru Utano , Hirao Atsushi , Mukaida Naofumi , Johmura Yoshikazu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that various oncogenic mutations interfere with normal myeloid differentiation of leukemogenic cells during the early process of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) development. Differentiation therapy is an ideal therapeutic strategy capable of terminating leukemic expansion by reactivating the differentiation potential; however, the plasticity and instability of leukemia cells counteract the establishment of curative treatment for AML. Thus, the viable strategy for irreversible differentiation is urgently required. Based on our previous observation that autophagy inhibitor treatment induces the accumulation of cytosolic DNA and activation of cytosolic DNA-sensor signaling selectively in leukemia cells, we herein examined the synergistic effect of cytosolic DNA-sensor signaling activation with conventional differentiation therapy on AML. The combined treatment succeeded in inducing irreversible differentiation in AML cells. Mechanistically, cytosolic DNA was sensed by absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), a cytosolic DNA sensor. Activation of the AIM2 inflammasome resulted in the accumulation of p21 through the inhibition of its proteasomal degradation, thereby facilitatingthe myeloid differentiation. Importantly, the combined therapy dramatically reduced the total leukemia cell counts and proportion of blast cells in the spleens of AML mice. Collectively, these findings indicate that the activation of cytosolic DNA-sensor signaling in combination with conventional differentiation therapy can be an effective approach to drive the irreversible differentiation of leukemia cells.
Niche modelling and molecular phylogenetics unravel the colonisation biology of three species of the freshwater planarian genus Girardia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida)
Authors: Benítez-Álvarez Lisandra , Leria Laia , Sluys Ronald , Leal-Zanchet Ana María , Riutort Marta 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Freshwater planarians of the genus Girardia have been introduced all over the world, but little is known about the species involved and their possible impact on autochthonous ecosystems. Using molecular phylogenetics and niche modelling under different climatic scenarios we examine the human-induced spread of alien Girardia species from their original areas of distribution in the Americas to other areas. Our results corroborate that Girardia populations spreading worldwide belong to three species: G. dorotocephala, G. sinensis, and G. tigrina. Our study emphasizes that G. sinensis is native to North America and shows that G. dorotocephala has a broader range of introduced localities than previously known. Niche modelling revealed that the three species have a broad range of potential distribution in extensive regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Regardless of the future climatic scenario, their distributional range will increase towards northern Europe, without diminishing the high suitability of regions in the south. Their environmental requirements, being generalists with high suitability for human-modified habitats, and fissiparous reproduction explain their successful colonization. In the Iberian Peninsula, G. tigrina and G. sinensis have extensive areas of high suitability, overlapping with the more limited suitable areas of autochthonous planarians, pointing to potential detrimental effects of Girardia invaders.