bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medicare Beneficiaries’ Perspectives on the Quality of Hospital Care and Their Implications for Value-Based Payment
Authors: Trenaman Logan , Harrison Mark , Hoch Jeffrey S. 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceMedicare’s Hospital Value-Based Purchasing (HVBP) program adjusts hospital payments according to performance on 4 equally weighted quality domains: clinical outcomes, safety, patient experience, and efficiency. The assumption that performance on each domain is equally important may not reflect the preferences of Medicare beneficiaries.ObjectiveTo estimate the relative importance (ie, weight) of the 4 quality domains in the HVBP program from the perspective of Medicare beneficiaries and the impact of using beneficiary value weights on incentive payments for hospitals enrolled in fiscal year 2019.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsAn online survey was conducted in March 2022. A nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries was recruited through Ipsos KnowledgePanel. Value weights were estimated using a discrete choice experiment that asked respondents to choose between 2 hospitals and indicate which they preferred. Hospitals were described using 6 attributes, including (1) clinical outcomes, (2) patient experience, (3) safety, (4) Medicare spending per patient, (5) distance, and (6) out-of-pocket cost. Data analysis was performed from April to November 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAn effects-coded mixed logit regression model was used to estimate the relative importance of quality domains. HVBP program performance was linked to Medicare payment data in the Medicare Inpatient Hospitals by Provider and Service data set and hospital characteristics from the American Hospital Association Annual Survey data set, and the estimated impact of using beneficiary value weights on hospital payments was estimated.ResultsA total of 1025 Medicare beneficiaries (518 women [51%]; 879 individuals [86%] aged ≥65 years; 717 White individuals [70%]) responded to the survey. A hospital’s performance on clinical outcomes was most highly valued by beneficiaries (49%), followed by safety (22%), patient experience (21%), and efficiency (8%). Nearly twice as many hospitals would see a payment reduction when using beneficiary value weights than would see an increase (1830 vs 922 hospitals); however, the average net decrease was smaller (mean [SD], −$46 978 [$71 211]; median [IQR], −$24 628 [−$53 507 to −$9562]) than the comparable increase (mean [SD], $93 243 [$190 654]; median [IQR], $35 358 [$9906 to $97 348]). Hospitals seeing a net reduction with beneficiary value weights were more likely to be smaller, lower volume, nonteaching, and non–safety-net hospitals located in more deprived areas that served less complex patients.Conclusions and RelevanceThis survey study of Medicare beneficiaries found that current HVBP program value weights do not reflect beneficiary preferences, suggesting that the use of beneficiary value weights may exacerbate disparities by rewarding larger, high-volume hospitals.
Effectiveness of a Lifestyle Intervention for People With a Severe Mental Illness in Dutch Outpatient Mental Health Care
Authors: Walburg Florine Sanna , van Meijel Berno , Hoekstra Trynke , Kol Jelle , Pape Laura Michelle , de Joode Johanna Willemina , van Tulder Maurits , Adriaanse Marcel 
Published: June 2023

ImportancePeople with a severe mental illness (SMI) have a life expectancy reduced by 10 to 20 years compared with the general population, primarily attributable to cardiometabolic disorders. Lifestyle interventions for people with SMI can improve health and reduce cardiometabolic risk.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a group-based lifestyle intervention among people with SMI in outpatient treatment settings compared with treatment as usual (TAU).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Severe Mental Illness Lifestyle Evaluation (SMILE) study is a pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial performed in 8 mental health care centers with 21 flexible assertive community treatment teams in the Netherlands. Inclusion criteria were SMI, age of 18 years or older, and body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 27 or greater. Data were collected from January 2018 to February 2020, and data were analyzed from September 2020 to February 2023.InterventionsWeekly 2-hour group sessions for 6 months followed by monthly 2-hour group sessions for another 6 months, delivered by trained mental health care workers. The intervention targeted overall lifestyle changes, emphasizing establishing a healthy diet and promoting physical activity. TAU (control) did not include structured interventions or advice on lifestyle.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCrude and adjusted linear mixed models and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. The main outcome was body weight change. Secondary outcomes included changes in body mass index, blood pressure, lipid profiles, fasting glucose level, quality of life, self-management ability, and lifestyle behaviors (physical activity and health, mental health, nutrition, and sleep).ResultsThe study population included 11 lifestyle intervention teams (126 participants) and 10 TAU teams (98 participants). Of 224 included patients, 137 (61.2%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 47.6 (11.1) years. From baseline to 12 months, participants in the lifestyle intervention group lost 3.3 kg (95% CI, −6.2 to −0.4) more than those in the control group. In the lifestyle intervention group, people with high attendance rates lost more weight than participants with medium and low rates (mean [SD] weight loss: high, −4.9 [8.1] kg; medium, −0.2 [7.8] kg; low, 0.8 [8.3] kg). Only small or no changes were found for secondary outcomes.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this trial, the lifestyle intervention significantly reduced weight from baseline to 12 months in overweight and obese adults with SMI. Tailoring lifestyle interventions and increasing attendance rates might be beneficial for people with SMI.Trial RegistrationNetherlands Trial Register Identifier: NTR6837
Brain imaging signatures in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Correlation with peripheral motor degeneration
Authors: Hsueh Sung‐Ju , Chao Chi‐Chao , Chen Ta‐Fu , Chen Ya‐Fang , Hsueh Hsueh‐Wen , Tsai Li‐Kai , Wu Wen‐Chau , Hsieh Sung‐Tsang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the clinical significance of brain imaging signatures in the context of clinical neurological deficits in association with upper and lower motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).MethodsWe performed brain MRI examinations to quantitatively evaluate (1) gray matter volume and (2) white matter tract fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and mean diffusivity (MD). Image‐derived indices were correlated with (1) global neurological deficits of MRC muscle strength sum score, revised amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale (ALSFRS‐R), and forced vital capacity (FVC), and (2) focal scores of University of Pennsylvania Upper motor neuron score (Penn score) and the summation of compound muscle action potential Z scores (CMAP Z sum score).ResultsThere were 39 ALS patients and 32 control subjects matched for age and gender. Compared to controls, ALS patients had a lower gray matter volume in the precentral gyrus of the primary motor cortex, which was correlated with FA of corticofugal tracts. The gray matter volume of the precentral gyrus was correlated with FVC, MRC sum score, and CMAP Z sum score, while the FA of the corticospinal tract was linearly associated with CMAP Z sum score and Penn score on multivariate linear regression model.InterpretationThis study indicated that clinical assessment of muscle strength and routine measurements on nerve conduction studies provided surrogate markers of brain structural changes for ALS. Furthermore, these findings suggested parallel involvement of both upper and lower motor neurons in ALS.
Adaptive decentralized prescribed performance control for a class of large‐scale stochastic nonlinear systems subject to input saturation and full state constraints
Authors: Li Na , Du Yang , Wang Dong‐Mei , Zhu Shan‐Liang , Han Yu‐Qun 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThis paper focuses on an adaptive decentralized prescribed performance control problem for a class of large‐scale stochastic nonlinear systems with asymmetric input saturation and full state constraints. Firstly, the obstacle of input saturation is overcome by introducing the Gaussian error functions. Secondly, the transient performance of the system output is realized by introducing the asymmetric error transfer functions. Thirdly, the full state constraints are considered in the backstepping control process, and the boundary of state constraints is ensured by constructing barrier Lyapunov functions. Then, the multidimensional Taylor network is employed to approximate the unknown nonlinearity, and an adaptive decentralized controller is designed. Finally, it is shown that the proposed control strategy can ensure that the closed‐loop system is semi‐global ultimately uniformly bounded in probability, and the tracking error of the system can be kept within an adjustable neighborhood of the origin. Two simulation examples are provided to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed control strategy.
Bio‐Metamaterials for Mechano‐Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Munding Natalie , Fladung Magdalena , Chen Yi , Hippler Marc , Ho Anthony D. , Wegener Martin , Bastmeyer Martin , Tanaka Motomu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCell behaviors significantly depend on the elastic properties of the microenvironments, which are distinct from commonly used polymer‐based substrates. Artificial elastic materials called metamaterials offer large freedom to adjust their effective elastic properties as experienced by cells, provided (i) the metamaterial unit cell is sufficiently small compared to the biological cell size and (ii) the metamaterial is sufficiently soft to deform by the active cell contraction. Thus, metamaterials targeting bio‐applications (bio‐metamaterials) appear as a promising path toward the mechanical control of stem cells. Herein, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are cultured on three different types of planar periodic elastic metamaterials. To fulfill the above two key requirements, microstructured bio‐metamaterials have been designed and manufactured based on a silicon elastomer‐like photoresist and two‐photon laser printing. In addition to the conventional morphometric and immunocytochemical analysis, the traction force that hMSCs exert on metamaterials are inferred by converting the measured displacement‐vector fields into force‐vector fields. The differential responses of hMSCs, both on the cellular level and the sub‐cellular level, correlate with the calculated effective elastic properties of the bio‐metamaterials, suggesting the potential of bio‐metamaterials toward mechanical regulation of cell behaviors by the arrangement of unit cells.
Fluorinated Ni‐O‐C Heterogeneous Catalyst for Efficient Urea‐Assisted Hydrogen Production
Authors: Xu Xuefei , Ullah Habib , Humayun Muhammad , Li Linfeng , Zhang Xia , Bououdina Mohamed , Debecker Damien P. , Huo Kaifu , Wang Deli , Wang Chundong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConstructing multiple heterogeneous structures allows for improving the electrocatalytic activity of NiO by incorporating multiple active sites. Unfortunately, the poor conductivity of NiO makes efficient charge transfer within the heterogeneous structures difficult, thereby inhibiting the improvement of its intrinsic activity. Herein, F‐doped NiO/Ni@C heterogeneous catalyst (F‐NiO/Ni@C) is fabricated via a new organic‐inorganic hybrid approach, showing both advanced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR) activity. The targeted F‐doping increases electron delocalization, and facilitates electron transfer from Ni to NiO at the nano‐interfaces. This interphase synergy provides ready‐to‐use F‐NiO active sites, allowing F‐NiO/Ni@C to achieve optimum H* adsorption Gibbs free energy for HER and a lower energy barrier for UOR. As a result, the as‐configured F‐NiO/Ni@C || F‐NiO/Ni@C cell requires an ultra‐low cell voltage of 1.37 V to achieve 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline media (with 0.3 M urea), outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art benchmark Pt/C|| RuO2 cell (1.45 V). This study reveals the positive impact of anion doping on interphase synergy and provides useful guidelines for designing monometallic catalysts for UOR as well as hydrogen generation.
Surface Functional Modification by Ti3C2Tx MXene on PLLA Nanofibers for Optimizing Neural Stem Cell Engineering
Authors: Zhu Yi‐Dan , Ma Xi‐Ying , Li Lin‐Peng , Yang Quan‐Jun , Jin Fei , Chen Zheng‐Nong , Wu Cui‐Ping , Shi Hai‐Bo , Feng Zhang‐Qi , Yin Shan‐Kai , Li Chun‐Yan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOptimizing cell substrates by surface modification of neural stem cells (NSCs), for efficient and oriented neurogenesis, represents a promising strategy for treating neurological diseases. However, developing substrates with the advanced surface functionality, conductivity, and biocompatibility required for practical application is still challenging. Here, Ti3C2Tx MXene is introduced as a coating nanomaterial for aligned poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) nanofibers (M‐ANF) to enhance NSC neurogenesis and simultaneously tailor the cell growth direction. Ti3C2Tx MXene treatment provides a superior conductivity substrate with a surface rich in functional groups, hydrophilicity, and roughness, which can provide biochemical and physical cues to support NSC adhesion and proliferation. Moreover, Ti3C2Tx MXene coating significantly promotes NSC differentiation into both neurons and astrocytes. Interestingly, Ti3C2Tx MXene acts synergistically with the alignment of nanofibers to promote the growth of neurites, indicating enhanced maturation of these neurons. RNA sequencing analysis further reveals the molecular mechanism by which Ti3C2Tx MXene modulates the fate of NSCs. Notably, surface modification by Ti3C2Tx MXene mitigates the in vivo foreign body response to implanted PLLA nanofibers. This study confirms that Ti3C2Tx MXene provides multiple advantages for decorating the aligned PLLA nanofibers to cooperatively improve neural regeneration.
Plasmonic Coupling on an Optical Microfiber Surface: Enabling Single‐Molecule and Noninvasive Dopamine Detection
Authors: Huang Yunyun , Chen Pengwei , Zhou Luyan , Zheng Jiaying , Wu Haotian , Liang Jiaxuan , Xiao Aoxiang , Li Jie , Guan Bai‐Ou 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOptical fibers can be effective biosensors when employed in early‐stage diagnostic point‐of‐care devices as they can avoid interference from molecules with similar redox potentials. Nevertheless, their sensitivity needs to be improved for real‐world applications, especially for small‐molecule detection. This work demonstrates an optical microfiber biosensor for dopamine (DA) detection based on the DA‐binding‐induced aptamer conformational transitions that occur at plasmonic coupling sites on a double‐amplified nanointerface. The sensor exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity when detecting DA molecules at the single‐molecule level; additionally, this work provides an approach for overcoming optical device sensitivity limits, further extending optical fiber single‐molecule detection to a small molecule range (e.g., DA and metal ions). The selective energy enhancement and signal amplification at the binding sites effectively avoid nonspecific amplification of the whole fiber surface which may lead to false‐positive results. The sensor can detect single‐molecule DA signals in body‐fluids. It can detect the released extracellular DA levels and monitor the DA oxidation process. An appropriate aptamer replacement allows the sensor to be used for the detection of other target small molecules and ions at the single‐molecule level. This technology offers alternative opportunities for developing noninvasive early‐stage diagnostic point‐of‐care devices and flexible single‐molecule detection techniques in theoretical research.
Fluorinated Substrates as Michael Acceptors Towards Fine Chemicals
Authors: Huang Xin , Besset Tatiana , Jubault Philippe , Couve‐Bonnaire Samuel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMichael addition reaction, known since the 19th century, appeared as a relevant method with a great potential to design new organofluorinated fine chemicals and enlarged their structural diversity. In the Michael addition reaction for the synthesis of organofluorine compounds, the fluorinated blocks can be both used as the Michael donors and acceptors, but the latter is relatively rare. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the use of fluorinated substrates as Michael acceptors in Michael reactions.
Real‐Time Monitoring of Multitarget Antimicrobial Mechanisms of Peptoids Using Label‐Free Imaging with Optical Diffraction Tomography
Authors: Kim Minsang , Cheon Yeongmi , Shin Dongmin , Choi Jieun , Nielsen Josefine Eilsø , Jeong Myeong Seon , Nam Ho Yeon , Kim Sung‐Hak , Lund Reidar , Jenssen Håvard , Barron Annelise E. , Lee Seongsoo , Seo Jiwon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising therapeutics in the fight against multidrug‐resistant bacteria. As a mimic of AMPs, peptoids with N‐substituted glycine backbone have been utilized for antimicrobials with resistance against proteolytic degradation. Antimicrobial peptoids are known to kill bacteria by membrane disruption; however, the nonspecific aggregation of intracellular contents is also suggested as an important bactericidal mechanism. Here,structure‐activity relationship (SAR) of a library of indole side chain‐containing peptoids resulting in peptoid 29 as a hit compound is investigated. Then, quantitative morphological analyses of live bacteria treated with AMPs and peptoid 29 in a label‐free manner using optical diffraction tomography (ODT) are performed. It is unambiguously demonstrated that both membrane disruption and intracellular biomass flocculation are primary mechanisms of bacterial killing by monitoring real‐time morphological changes of bacteria. These multitarget mechanisms and rapid action can be a merit for the discovery of a resistance‐breaking novel antibiotic drug.
Risk of venous thromboembolism or hemorrhage among individuals with chronic kidney disease on prophylactic anticoagulant after hip or knee arthroplasty
Authors: Wang Tzu‐Fei , Grubic Nicholas , Carrier Marc , Canney Mark , Delluc Aurélien , Hundemer Gregory L. , Knoll Gregory , Lazo‐Langner Alejandro , Massicotte‐Azarniouch David , Tanuseputro Peter , Sood Manish M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) confers a high risk of thrombosis and bleeding. However, little evidence exists regarding the optimal choice of postoperative thromboprophylaxis in these patients. We conducted a population‐based, retrospective cohort study among adults ≥66 years old with CKD undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty who had filled an outpatient prophylactic anticoagulant prescription between 2010 and 2020 in Ontario, Canada. The primary outcomes of venous thrombosis (VTE) and hemorrhage were identified by validated algorithms using relevant diagnoses and billing codes. Overlap‐weighted cause‐specific Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) on the 90‐day risk of VTE and hemorrhage compared with low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH). A total of 27  645 patients were prescribed DOAC (N = 22  943) or LMWH (N = 4702) after arthroplasty. Rivaroxaban was the predominant DOAC (94.5%), while LMWH mainly included enoxaparin (67%) and dalteparin (31.5%). DOAC users had higher eGFRs, fewer co‐morbidities, and surgery in more recent years compared to LMWH users. After weighing, DOAC (compared with LMWH) was associated with a lower risk of VTE (DOAC: 1.5% vs. LMWH: 2.1%, weighted hazard ratio [HR] 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59–0.94) and a higher risk of hemorrhage (DOAC: 1.3% vs. LMWH: 1.0%, weighted HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.04–1.99). Additional analyses including a more stringent VTE defining algorithm, different eGFR cut‐offs, and limiting to rivaroxaban and enoxaparin showed consistent findings. Among elderly adults with CKD, DOAC was associated with a lower VTE risk and a higher hemorrhage risk compared to LMWH following hip or knee arthroplasty.
Recent Progress in Gold‐Catalyzed Reactions of Alkynes for the Construction of Indole Frameworks
Authors: Das Suven 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIndole heterocycles hold an important position in chemical landscape because of their prominence in natural products and pharmaceuticals. Consequently, development of new and efficient strategies to access indole scaffold are of continuous interest. For the past few years, gold‐catalyzed activation of alkyne has emerged as a powerful strategy for constructing the heterocyclic skeleton. The present review highlights recent advances (2018–2023) toward synthesis of indole skeletons via gold‐catalyzed annulations of alkynes. A variety of alkynes, such as, ynamides, azido alkynes, ortho‐alkynyl anilines, propargylic alcohols, ortho‐alkynyl phenylimines, and miscellaneous alkynes are employed affording various indole architectures under gold catalysis. Moreover, mechanisms are included in most of the cases for better understanding of the reaction pathway.
Transient intussusception – What the sonographer needs to know
Authors: Necas Martin , Thomas Stacey , Prout Kara 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntussusception is typically considered an acute emergency; however, the increased utilisation of medical imaging has revealed that intussusceptions can also be transient, asymptomatic and possibly physiologic. Sonographers should be aware of three categories of intussusceptions: (i) persistent intussusceptions resulting in acute abdomen and requiring urgent intervention, (ii) transient symptomatic intussusceptions which may be amenable to a ‘wait‐and‐see’ strategy and (iii) transient asymptomatic intussusceptions which almost always involve the small bowel. In particular, the incidental discovery of enteroenteric intussusceptions in children should not be confused with acute pathology. In adults, sonographers should be mindful of the frequent presence of pathological lead points and further investigations may be warranted. In this literature review, we provide an overview of transient intussusceptions, highlight important differences between children and adults and describe sonographic appearances of various intussusceptions and their mimics.
Anodic and Cathodic Platinum Dissolution Processes Involve Different Oxide Species
Authors: Fuchs Timo , Briega‐Martos Valentín , Drnec Jakub , Stubb Natalie , Martens Isaac , Calle‐Vallejo Federico , Harrington David A. , Cherevko Serhiy , Magnussen Olaf M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe degradation of Pt‐containing oxygen reduction catalysts for fuel cell applications is strongly linked to the electrochemical surface oxidation and reduction of Pt. Here, we study the surface restructuring and Pt dissolution mechanisms during oxidation/reduction for the case of Pt(100) in 0.1 M HClO4 by combining operando high‐energy surface X‐ray diffraction, online mass spectrometry, and density functional theory. Our atomic‐scale structural studies reveal that anodic dissolution, detected during oxidation, and cathodic dissolution, observed during the subsequent reduction, are linked to two different oxide phases. Anodic dissolution occurs predominantly during nucleation and growth of the first, stripe‐like oxide. Cathodic dissolution is linked to a second, amorphous Pt oxide phase that resembles bulk PtO2 and starts to grow when the coverage of the stripe‐like oxide saturates. In addition, we find the amount of surface restructuring after an oxidation/reduction cycle to be potential‐independent after the stripe‐like oxide has reached its saturation coverage.