bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shock-shock, shock-vortex interaction and aerodynamic heating in hypersonic corner flow
Authors: Qin Ning , Scriba Karl W. , Richards Bryan E. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryA symmetric Mach 12·76 hypersonic flow in a 90° corner, formed by 30° swept back intersecting 8° wedges, was investigated in detail through numerical simulation using locally conical Navier-Stokes equations. Three different numerical schemes for spatial discretisation, MacCormack central differencing, van Leer’s flux vector splitting and Osher’s flux difference splitting, were studied to compare their capabilities to capture both strong shock waves and thin shear layers. Comparison with experimental data was made to validate the simulation. The numerical simulation provided further insight into the flowfield and a pair of counter-rotating vortices were discovered near the junction of the corner.
High enthalpy, hypervelocity flows of air and argon in an expansion tube
Authors: Neely A. J. , Stalker R. J. , Paull A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn expansion tube with a free piston driver has been used to generate quasi-steady hypersonic flows in argon and air at flow velocities in excess of 9 km/s. Irregular test flow unsteadiness has limited the performance of previous expansion tubes, and it has been found that this can be avoided by attention to the interaction between the test gas accelerating expansion and the contact surface in the primary shock tube. Test section measurements of pitot pressure, static pressure and flat plate heat transfer are reported. An approximate analytical theory has been developed for predicting the velocities achieved in the unsteady expansion of the ionising or dissociating test gas.
Jet inflow simulation and its downwash effect on lifting surfaces
Authors: Soviero P. A. O. , Wanderley J. B. V. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryA turbulent hot jet is calculated and its entrainment effect is modelled by a line sink with the objective of estimating the downwash effect on rectangular lifting surfaces of various aspect ratios. The line sink density is determined by numerical solution of the free shear layer equations with a turbulent kinetic energy model. The ‘incompressible equivalent jet’ concept is verified within the context of practical engineering calculations.
Holographic techniques for whole-field thermal and fluid measurements
Authors: Collins M. W. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryMeasurement methods using holography are non-invasive, whole-field and can be applied in real-time. They are particularly appropriate for experimental validation of current CFD (computational fluid dynamics) codes which have 3-dimensional, transient, irregular geometry capabilities.In holographic interferometry, the fringes formed by refractive index changes represent lines of constant Mach number in isentropic compressible flows and isotherms in convection. Examples are given of two-dimensional inter-ferograms in these areas, and their quantitative interpretation.Automatic fringe and data processing is a necessity, and the method is extendable to three dimensions using tomographical reconstruction. These issues are discussed, together with the general question of comparison with flow predictions.Fluid fields may also be treated on a three-dimensional time-dependent basis, using HCV (holocinematographic velocimetry), a holographic extension of PIV (particle image velocimetry). It is proposeds to run an experiment to measure both fluid and thermal fields, and surface temperatures simultaneously, using HCV or PIV, holographic interferometry and liquid crystal methods respectively.
A parametric study of the aeroelastic stability of a binary wing-with-engine nacelle flutter system in incompressible flow
Authors: Försching H. , Senft A. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryA systematic parametric investigation of the flutter behaviour of a binary wing-with-engine nacelle system in inviscid incompressible flow is performed. The equations of motion in coupled bending and torsion are initially set up and the aerodynamic model for the calculation of the motion-induced unsteady airloads is described. The aeroelastic stability equations are then derived in non-dimensional form and the procedure used for the numerical solution of these equations is outlined. For a typical large commercial aircraft configuration, numerical results are presented for a variety of systematic parameter variations with special emphasis on the effects of the location of the elastic axis and the motion-induced unsteady airloads on the engine nacelle.
International standardisation of regulations for gust loading calculations
Authors: Saucray J.M. , Artigues C. , Squeglia G. , Guillot J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Analysing the action of atmospheric turbulence on aircraft for the determination of limit and fatigue loads is an essential stage in the structural design process. These calculations are governed by regulations, the evolution of which is of great importance to the aeronautical industry. The aim of this paper is to present the various calculation methods used for the preliminary dimensioning, substantiation and certification of aircraft, and to assess, on the basis of aircraft response studies and comparisons of loads calculated, the repercussions of the progress which has been made in recent years. Moreover, the regulatory requirements currently in force internationally, though often disparate and unbalanced, are now aimed at standardisation as a result of the impetus of both the airworthiness authorities and the aeronautical industry. Against this background, we propose a new calculation method developed on the basis of results obtained at Aerospatiale.
Gust effects on a flexible aircraft
Authors: Santini P. , Gasbarri P. 
Published: March 2023

Aircraft response to atmospheric turbulence is a basic problem in aeronautical design. Several uncertainties still exist about the most adequate mathematical model for it. A recent investigation conducted by AGARD revealed that different users follow very different criteria.The reasons for this diversity in analysis methods is only partially due to the randomness of the phenomenon. Three elements are the ingredients: structure, aerodynamics and turbulence distribution. No special problems arise from the first element, since structural dynamics and programs relevant to it are well established. For the aerodynamic model, the only choice is between quasi-steady and unsteady formulation, the latter being by far heavier than the former. For turbulence distribution, as is well known(2-4), two different approaches are used, time history and power spectral density (PSD); both are used in the regulations of national certifying agencies. For the latter the turbulence power spectrum must be given, and the aircraft response is evaluated through the classical theory of random vibrations.
CICERO'S TREATMENT OF SULLA IN THEPRO ROSCIO AMERINO
Authors: Coates Gregory 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article addresses the view that Cicero'sPro Roscio Amerinocontains ‘criticism’ of Sulla (the ‘anti-Sulla’ thesis). It argues that there is no evidence of criticism, that Cicero had no incentive to criticize Sulla, and that his attack is aimed solely against Chrysogonus. In particular, the article draws attention to the methodological implications of the ‘anti-Sulla’ thesis, arguing that it is unsound to second-guess Cicero's meaning, to project ‘sarcasm’ onto his words, or to suggestpost euentumrewrites; these views, it is argued, owe more to preconceived scholarly notions of Sulla as a tyrant than to actual indications in the text. In addition, the notion that the speech was ‘courageous’ or ‘political’ is challenged, with emphasis being placed on the identity of thenobilessupporting Cicero: these Sullans had nothing to fear from Sulla but, equally, there is little reason to suppose that they were trying to attack him.1
Associations of polygenic risk scores with posttraumatic stress symptom trajectories following combat deployment
Authors: Campbell-Sills Laura , Papini Santiago , Norman Sonya B. , Choi Karmel W. , He Feng , Sun Xiaoying , Kessler Ronald C. , Ursano Robert J. , Jain Sonia , Stein Murray B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIdentification of genetic risk factors may inform the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study evaluates the associations of polygenic risk scores (PRS) with patterns of posttraumatic stress symptoms following combat deployment.MethodUS Army soldiers of European ancestry (n = 4900) provided genomic data and ratings of posttraumatic stress symptoms before and after deployment to Afghanistan in 2012. Latent growth mixture modeling was used to model posttraumatic stress symptom trajectories among participants who provided post-deployment data (n = 4353). Multinomial logistic regression models tested independent associations between trajectory membership and PRS for PTSD, major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia, neuroticism, alcohol use disorder, and suicide attempt, controlling for age, sex, ancestry, and exposure to potentially traumatic events, and weighted to account for uncertainty in trajectory classification and missing data.ResultsParticipants were classified into low-severity (77.2%), increasing-severity (10.5%), decreasing-severity (8.0%), and high-severity (4.3%) posttraumatic stress symptom trajectories. Standardized PTSD-PRS and MDD-PRS were associated with greater odds of membership in the high-severity v. low-severity trajectory [adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, 1.23 (1.06–1.43) and 1.18 (1.02–1.37), respectively] and the increasing-severity v. low-severity trajectory [1.12 (1.01–1.25) and 1.16 (1.04–1.28), respectively]. Additionally, MDD-PRS was associated with greater odds of membership in the decreasing-severity v. low-severity trajectory [1.16 (1.03–1.31)]. No other associations were statistically significant.ConclusionsHigher polygenic risk for PTSD or MDD is associated with more severe posttraumatic stress symptom trajectories following combat deployment. PRS may help stratify at-risk individuals, enabling more precise targeting of treatment and prevention programs.
Glottalizing at word junctures: Exploring bidirectional transfer in child and adult Spanish heritage speakers
Authors: Repiso-Puigdelliura Gemma 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhile research in heritage language phonology has found that transfer from the majority language can lead to divergent attainment in adult heritage language grammars, the extent to which language transfer develops during a heritage speaker's lifespan is understudied. To explore such cross-linguistic transfer, I examine the rate of glottalization between consonant-to-vowel sequences at word junctures produced by child and adult Spanish heritage speakers (i.e., HSs) in both languages. My results show that, in Spanish, child HSs produce greater rates of vowel-initial glottal phonation than their age-matched monolingually-raised Spanish counterparts, suggesting that the Spanish child HSs’ grammars are more permeable to transfer than those of the adult HSs. In English, child and adult HSs show similarly low rates of glottal phonation when compared to their age-matched monolingually-raised English speakers’ counterparts. The findings for English can be explained by either an account of transfer at the individual level or the community level.
A CATEGORICAL QUANTUM TOROIDAL ACTION ON THE HILBERT SCHEMES
Authors: Zhao Yu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe categorify the commutation of Nakajima’s Heisenberg operators
$P_{\pm 1}$
and their infinitely many counterparts in the quantum toroidal algebra
$U_{q_1,q_2}(\ddot {gl_1})$
acting on the Grothendieck groups of Hilbert schemes from [10, 24, 26, 32]. By combining our result with [26], one obtains a geometric categorical
$U_{q_1,q_2}(\ddot {gl_1})$
action on the derived category of Hilbert schemes. Our main technical tool is a detailed geometric study of certain nested Hilbert schemes of triples and quadruples, through the lens of the minimal model program, by showing that these nested Hilbert schemes are either canonical or semidivisorial log terminal singularities.
Energy Mechanism of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Development Over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhao Cailing , Meng Xianhong , Zhao Lin , Guo Jianping , Li Yueqing , Liu Huizhi , Li Zhaoguo , Han Bo , Lyu Shihua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe distinct thermodynamic characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) significantly affect regional and global climate. It is well recognized that the ABL depth over the western TP can exceed 4,000 m. However, the energy mechanism of its development is less understood. In this study, the energy mechanism of ABL development of three sites on the TP was analyzed using intensive sounding observation data from the Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Scientific Experiment. The results showed that the surface sensible heat flux, boundary layer entrainment energy, and heat flux at the top of the ABL affected ABL growth. The ABL depths at the Shiquanhe and Gerze stations were relatively higher, with a mean height of approximately 2,500 m above ground level (agl) and a maximum of 4,500 m agl. The ABL grew to its highest height at 20:00 Beijing Time, and its residual layer was also deep. The ABL depths at the Jiulong station were mainly below 1,200 m agl. The accumulated surface sensible heat flux (62.5%) and residual layer entrainment energy (9.7%) significantly affected the ABL development at Shiquanhe station. In addition to the accumulated sensible heat flux and residual layer entrainment energy, the latent heat flux at the top of the boundary layer also significantly impacted the ABL development at Gerze station. The energy required for the ABL growth at Jiulong station was also the smallest, owing to its lowest depth here. The accumulated sensible heat flux played the most crucial role in boundary layer development over the TP. The influences of wind shear on ABL growth cannot be ignored.
Particle Number Size Distribution of Wintertime Alpine Aerosols and Their Activation as Cloud Condensation Nuclei in the Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China
Authors: Chen Yukun , Wang Xin , Dai Wenting , Wang Qiyuan , Guo Xiao , Liu Yali , Qi Weining , Shen Minxia , Zhang Yifan , Li Lu , Cao Yue , Wang Yueshe , Li Jianjun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe particle number size distribution (PNSD) and hygroscopicity on alpine sites can directly reflect the interaction between aerosol and cloud in the free troposphere, and narrow the errors caused by extrapolation from the ground observation. In this study, PNSD and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration (NCCN) were observed at the summit of Mt. Hua from December 16, 2020, to January 23, 2021. The result showed that the modes and hygroscopicity parameters (κ) of aerosols were significantly affected by the height and direction of the originated air masses. The particle in nucleation mode from new particle formation erupted frequently in 13:00–18:00 local time due to the intense photochemistry and had a potential contribution to CCN through the process of the growth with the ratio of 0.83 nm·h−1, which was affected by air masses, meteorological conditions, and gaseous pollutants. Subsequently, the hygroscopicity κ varied from 0.22 to 0.13 with the supersaturation from 0.2% to 1.0% as more components that were difficult to dissolve or had low hygroscopicity. The comprehensive analysis of PNSD and hygroscopicity showed that smaller k from two‐parameter power model corresponded to particles with higher hygroscopicity or larger diameter, while larger k matched to the hydrophobic or ultrafine particles. In addition, the interactions between aerosol and cloud were estimated more accurately and the uncertainty of indirect effect was shrunk. Overall, we provided insights into PNSD and hygroscopicity of alpine aerosol particles by direct observation on Mt. Hua, which may be important to other elevated regions as well.
Cold‐Season Surface Energy Balance on East Rongbuk Glacier, Northern Slope of Mt. Qomolangma (Everest)
Authors: Liu Weigang , Yang Xingguo , van den Broeke Michiel R. , Huai Baojuan , Yang Diyi , Zhang Dongqi , Qin Xiang , Yue Ping , Wang Heling , Ding Minghu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs the highest peak on the earth, Mt. Qomolangma provides an unparalleled platform to study glacier‐atmosphere interaction. Although glacier surface energy balance (SEB) on Mt. Qomolangma was examined during warm season, relevant knowledge during cold season is still unknown, which prevents a complete understanding of all‐season glacier SEB on it. Based on an in‐situ observation from October 2007 to January 2008, this study presents a cold‐season glacier SEB result at 6,523 m above sea level on Mt. Qomolangma and identifies its atmospheric control. Our results show that the observational period experienced strong winds and deficient clouds. Near‐surface wind speeds usually exceeded 10 m s−1, resulting in a substantial sensible heat transport toward glacier and thus enhancing outgoing longwave radiation, which, under the combined effect of deficient clouds, eventually caused an increase in longwave radiative loss. The large solar zenith angle and relatively high albedo of the glacier surface led to a small absorption of solar irradiance, which, in combination with the strong longwave radiation loss, resulted in a semi‐permanent surface radiative loss. Uncommon over the highly reflective glacier surface, clouds decreased the incident solar radiation more than increased the longwave radiation, demonstrating that the clouds' shading effect surpassed its greenhouse effect. As a vital heat sink, the turbulent latent heat induced an average sublimation rate of 0.8 mm water equivalent per day. This study provides valuable insights into the atmospheric control on the cold‐season glacier‐atmosphere interaction at high altitudes on Mt. Qomolangma when meteorological variables are subject to the westerlies.
Mechanisms underlying capsulotomy for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: neural correlates of negative affect processing overlap with deep brain stimulation targets
Authors: Cui Hailun , Zhang Yingying , Zhao Yijie , Zhao Ying , Ding Qiong , Chen Ruiqin , Manssuer Luis , Zhang Chencheng , Liu Wenjuan , Li Dianyou , Sun Bomin , Voon Valerie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAblative procedures such as anterior capsulotomy are potentially effective in refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Converging evidence suggests the ventral internal capsule white matter tracts traversing the rostral cingulate and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and thalamus is the optimal target for clinical efficacy across multiple deep brain stimulation targets for OCD. Here we ask which prefrontal regions and underlying cognitive processes might be implicated in the effects of capsulotomy by using both task fMRI and neuropsychological tests assessing OCD-relevant cognitive mechanisms known to map across prefrontal regions connected to the tracts targeted in capsulotomy. We tested OCD patients at least 6 months post-capsulotomy (n = 27), OCD controls (n = 33) and healthy controls (n = 34). We used a modified aversive monetary incentive delay paradigm with negative imagery and a within session extinction trial. Post-capsulotomy OCD subjects showed improved OCD symptoms, disability and quality of life with no differences in mood or anxiety or cognitive task performance on executive, inhibition, memory and learning tasks. Task fMRI revealed post-capsulotomy decreases in the nucleus accumbens during negative anticipation, and in the left rostral cingulate and left inferior frontal cortex during negative feedback. Post-capsulotomy patients showed attenuated accumbens-rostral cingulate functional connectivity. Rostral cingulate activity mediated capsulotomy improvement on obsessions. These regions overlap with optimal white matter tracts observed across multiple stimulation targets for OCD and might provide insights into further optimizing neuromodulation approaches. Our findings also suggest that aversive processing theoretical mechanisms may link ablative, stimulation and psychological interventions.
Hematopoietic cell transplantation and cellular therapies in Europe 2021. The second year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. A Report from the EBMT Activity Survey
Authors: Passweg Jakob R. , Baldomero Helen , Ciceri Fabio , Corbacioglu Selim , de la Cámara Rafael , Dolstra Harry , Glass Bertram , Greco Raffaella , McLornan Donal P. , Neven Bénédicte , de Latour Régis Peffault , Perić Zinaida , Ruggeri Annalisa , Snowden John A. , Sureda Anna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn 2021, 47,412 HCT (19,806 (42%) allogeneic and 27,606 (58%) autologous) in 43,109 patients were reported by 694 European centers. 3494 patients received advanced cellular therapies, 2524 of which were CAR-T treatments, an additional 3245 received DLI. Changes compared to the previous year were CAR-T treatment (+35%), allogeneic HCT +5.4%, autologous HCT +3.9%, more pronounced in non-malignant disorders. Main indications for allogeneic HCT were myeloid malignancies 10,745 (58%), lymphoid malignancies 5127 (28%) and non-malignant disorders 2501 (13%). Main indications for autologous HCT were lymphoid malignancies 22,129 (90%) and solid tumors 1635 (7%). In allogeneic HCT, use of haploidentical donors decreased by −0.9% while use of unrelated and sibling donors increased by +4.3% and +9%. Cord blood HCT decreased by −5.8%. Pediatric HCT increased overall by +5.6% (+6.9% allogeneic and +1.6% autologous). Increase in the use of CAR-T was mainly restricted to high-income countries. The drop in HCT activity reported in 2020 partially recovered in 2021, the second year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The transplant community confronted with the pandemic challenge, continued in providing patients access to treatment. This annual EBMT report reflects current activities useful for health care resource planning.
Autoantibodies against chemokines post-SARS-CoV-2 infection correlate with disease course
Authors: Muri Jonathan , Cecchinato Valentina , Cavalli Andrea , Shanbhag Akanksha A. , Matkovic Milos , Biggiogero Maira , Maida Pier Andrea , Moritz Jacques , Toscano Chiara , Ghovehoud Elaheh , Furlan Raffaello , Barbic Franca , Voza Antonio , De Nadai Guendalina , Cervia Carlo , Zurbuchen Yves , Taeschler Patrick , Murray Lilly A. , Danelon-Sargenti Gabriela , Moro Simone , Gong Tao , Piffaretti Pietro , Bianchini Filippo , Crivelli Virginia , Podešvová Lucie , Pedotti Mattia , Jarrossay David , Sgrignani Jacopo , Thelen Sylvia , Uhr Mario , Bernasconi Enos , Rauch Andri , Manzo Antonio , Ciurea Adrian , Rocchi Marco B. L. , Varani Luca , Moser Bernhard , Bottazzi Barbara , Thelen Marcus , Fallon Brian A. , Boyman Onur , Mantovani Alberto , Garzoni Christian , Franzetti-Pellanda Alessandra , Uguccioni Mariagrazia , Robbiani Davide F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 associates with diverse symptoms, which can persist for months. While antiviral antibodies are protective, those targeting interferons and other immune factors are associated with adverse coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. Here we discovered that antibodies against specific chemokines were omnipresent post-COVID-19, were associated with favorable disease outcome and negatively correlated with the development of long COVID at 1 yr post-infection. Chemokine antibodies were also present in HIV-1 infection and autoimmune disorders, but they targeted different chemokines compared with COVID-19. Monoclonal antibodies derived from COVID-19 convalescents that bound to the chemokine N-loop impaired cell migration. Given the role of chemokines in orchestrating immune cell trafficking, naturally arising chemokine antibodies may modulate the inflammatory response and thus bear therapeutic potential.