bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PATTERN OF COVID-19 ASSOCIATED MAXILLARY MUCORMYCOTIC OSTEOMYELITIS
Authors: Ahmad Khan  , Atta Ur Rehman  , Sertaj Khan  , Muhammad Sohail  , Muhammad Tariq Khan  , Syed Ayaz Ali  , Syed Asad Shah  , Muhammad Hussain  
Published: July 2023

Objective:To evaluate the occurrence of mucormycotic osteomyelitis in our area regarding age, gender, side of involvement of maxilla and any associated systemic diseases and treatment modality adopted in our centre.
Materials and Methods:Data of 21 patients presented with the features of mucormycotic osteomyelitis at Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Bacha Khan Medical College Mardan from June 2020 to May 2021 was recorded. Non probability, convenience sampling technique was used. History, clinical, radiographic and hsitopathologcal examination was performed for diagnosis. Treatment included antibiotic, antifungal and serial debridement. Defects were closed by local flaps and by prosthetic obturator. Data regarding the age, gender, side of involvement of maxilla and any associated systemic diseases and treatment modality were evaluated and analyzed by Spss Version 22.
Results:
The mean age was 58.90 ± 21.5 years, with an age range of 35-78 years. Age group 61-70 years were most commonly affected (38.1%).The ratio of male and female was 2.5:1. Left maxilla (62.1%) was commonly affected in both male and female. Diabetes as associated disease (52%) dominated followed by diabetes and hypertension (33.3%). One case (4.9%) has no associated disease. All cases were treated by antibiotic and antifungal therapy and serial debridement. Defects were closed in 14 cases (66.6%) by local flaps and 7 cases (33.4%) by prosthetic obturators
Conclusion:
COVID-19 is associated with significant incidence of secondary opportunistic infections due to immune dysregulation. The treatment of COVID-19 itself pre-disposes the patients to development of fungal diseases.
FREQUENCY OF TRAUMATIC ULCERATION IN TISSUES UNDERNEATH NEW CONVENTIONAL COMPLETE DENTURES
Authors: Ehtesham Khan  , Asifullah Khan  , Akbar Khalil  , Amir Syed  , Asif Ullah Qureshi  , Shafi Ullah Khan  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To determine the frequency of traumatic ulceration in denture supporting tissues following the provision of new complete dentures.
Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed at the Prosthodontics Department of Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar over a period of 18 months. With the method of history and clinical examination and using a structured data collection sheet presence of traumatic ulcers in tissues underneath conventional complete dentures was recorded in 184 patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria and who had not been previously wearing CD in both jaws. Patients were examined 3 to 4 days following the placement of their complete dentures, on their first recall appointment, for the presence of traumatic ulceration.
Results:
Patients (N=184) had mean age of 55.85±2.22 (SD) years with male to female ratio of 1:1.9. Patients returning with one or more traumatic ulcers 3 to 4 days following the placement of their complete dentures were 141 (76.6%) while 43 (23.4%) patients developed no ulcers. Ulcers were more commonly found in older age groups and in females.
Conclusion:
Traumatic ulcers were reported in majority of the patients who received conventional complete dentures. Thus the role of a prosthodontist does not end with the placement of the prosthesis. Regular follow up visits and adjustments need to be carried out following placement of complete dentures to ensure patient comfort and acceptance of the prosthesis.
FREQUENCY OF MALOCCLUSION IN GOVERNMENT HIGH SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN AGED 13-17 IN PESHAWAR
Authors: Khan Arif ullah , Asif Rehman  , Aamir Hameed  , Shadab Adil  , Muhammad Salman Khan  , Ayesha Malik  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To determine the frequency of malocclusion in Govt. high school children of District Peshawar.
Materials and Methods:
About eight hundred and fifty school children of both genders were randomly selected through random cluster sampling, from Government High Schools of District Peshawar. The study participants were examined in their school staff rooms using wooden spatulas, disposable gloves, millimeter ruler, and torchlight. Angle’s classification was used for recording various traits of malocclusion besides overbite, overjet, maxillary midline diastema, crowding, open bite, and crossbite. A special proforma was used for recording the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS-20 while Chi-square test was applied for association.
Results:
A total of 850 subjects were included in the study, of which there were 600 (70%) males, and 250 (30%) were females. The mean age of the participants was 15 + 1.37 years. The overall frequency of malocclusion was 73.1%. Angle’s class I malocclusion had the highest frequency of 372 (43.8%) followed by normal occlusion 229 (26.9%), class II division 1 as 88(10.4%), class II division 2 as 59(6.9%), class III as 64(7.5%). Angle’s Class I malocclusion (43.8%) and crowding (37.9%) was more frequently found followed by normal occlusion (26.9%) among the school going children of the Peshawar, Pakistan.
Conclusion:
Angle’s Class I malocclusion and crowding were more frequently found, followed by normal occlusion among the school going children of the Peshawar, Pakistan.
COMPARISON OF EFFECTIVENESS OF GC TOOTH MOUSSE WITH FLUORIDE VARNISH FOR TREATMENT OF DENTINAL HYPERSENSITIVITY
Authors: Bushra Irum  , Anser Maxood  , Javeria Ali Khan  , Rooshanay Haroon  , Gul Panrah Arbab  , Khalid Rehman  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To compare the efficacy of two desensitizing agents in relieving dentinal hypersensitivity.
Materials and Methods:
A Randomized clinical trial including 84 patients of age range between 18 – 65 years was carried out and patients having hypersensitive lesions were divided into two groups by the flip of coin. Tooth mousse TM was applied to patients in Group A and Dura shield TM to patients in group B. visual analog scale was used to assess patient’s pain response to compressed air and tactile stimuli and recorded at baseline, one week and 30 days after application of agents. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17. The study was done at Department of Operative Dentistry, PIMS Islamabad from January 2011 to January 2012.
Results:
There was a statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups at seven days (p-value 0.008 )with tactile stimulus and at thirty days (p-value 0.046) with air blast stimulus and (p value= 0.016) with tactile stimulus after application with tooth mousse showing pain relief in more number of patients as compared to fluoride varnish group.
Conclusion:
The comparison of two agents in this study showed that Tooth mousse TM showed better results in relieving dentinal hypersensitivity than Dura shield TM.
PREDICTIVE HEIGHT FROM ULNA LENGTH OF THE MEDICAL STUDENTS OF GAJJU KHAN MEDICAL COLLEGE USING MUST EQUATIONS
Authors: Motasim Billah  , Muhammad Junaid  , Rubina Gul  , Arooj Amjad  , Nayab Motasim  , Hira Motasim  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To assess the height of the medical students of Gajju khan medical college using MUST equations for predicting height from the length of the ulna.
Materials and Methods:
Cross sectional descriptive survey was piloted in Gajju Khan Medical College Swabi from March 2019 to May 2019. Informed verbal consent was taken. Students present on the day of the interview included. Height of students and length of the ulna was measured and using MUST equation predicted height was calculated. Data were analyzed with an online Google form.
Results:
Out of total two hundred and sixteen students (216) participated in the study, of which 128 (59.25%) were female and 88 (40.74%) were male respondents. A strong association was found between actual height and ulna length in male medical students while a moderate positive relationship was found in females. There was a difference of 8.2 and -1.3 in predictive and actual height by using MUST equation.
Conclusion:
It is concluded that there is a strong association of ulna length and actual height in males and a moderate association in female students.
COMPARISON BETWEEN EFFICACY OF MIXTURE OF 2% CHLORHEXIDIENE AND CALCIUM HYDROXIDE VS PLACEBO
Authors: Sumyya Saleh  , Huma Zahir  , Samina Zahir  , Nawaal Ajaz  , Faiqa Ashraf  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To compare the effect of mixture of 2% chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide vs placebo on mean postoperative pain after endodontic treatment.
Materials and Methods:
Two groups(30 patients ineach group) were made to conduct this study. 2% Chlorhexidine in combination with calcium hydroxide was given to group a and placebo was administered to group b as intracanal medicament.
Results:
There were 18 males in group-a and 15 males (50%) in group-b. In group-a, females were 12 (40%) and in group-b females were 15 (50%). Difference in mean postoperative score of group-a vs group-b (1.57±1.07 Vs 7.17±1.17) With p value <0.001 Was significant. Age and gender stratification was also done.
Conclusion:
2% chlorhexidine in combination with calcium hydroxide has significantly reduced postoperative endodontic pain (p<0.001) When used as intracanal medicament.
XEROSTOMIA AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE REMOVABLE DENTURES PROPERTIES AND ORAL FUNCTIONS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Afsheen Akhtar  , Asifullah Khan  , Amira Qadeer  , Sohrab Khan  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To determine the frequency of xerostomia in elderly patients and its effects on removable dentures retention, stability, support and its effects on the functions of removable dentures at the Department of Prosthodontics, Khyber College of Dentistry.
Materials and Methods:
This Cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Prosthodontics, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar from 1st January to 31st December 2018. A total of 207 subjects were recruited who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Xerostomia and satisfaction with oral functions with removable dentures were evaluated by using shortened xerostomia inventory questionnaire. Patients satisfaction with oral functions of dentures was assessed by questionnaire and its retention, support and stability were checked clinically. The data was analysed using SPSS 2017.
Results:
In this study the frequency of xerostomia was 18.34%.The frequency of xerostomia in females and males was 25.5% and 12.38% respectively. Subjects with age above 60 years were more prone to dry mouth i.e.; 39.13%. The most frequent complaint in the patients with removable dentures was soreness (18%) and movement of dentures with function (17%). There was a significant association (p=0.000) of xerostomia (18.34%) with dissatisfaction of speech (61%), mastication (87%), soreness (68.2%) and inadequate retention stability and support of removable dentures (89.47%).
Conclusion:
This study concluded that xerostomia was more frequent in females than males, It was found that it is more frequent in the age group above 60 years. The patients with xerostomia were found to be more dissatisfied with the functions of the removable dentures like speech, mastication, comfort and retention of the prosthesis.
COMPARISON IN ANXIETY LEVELS AMONG DENTISTS/ DENTAL STUDENTS AND NON-DENTAL PATIENTS UNDERGOING MANDIBULAR THIRD MOLAR SURGICAL REMOVAL
Authors: Maria Nizam  , Junaid Nadeem  , Naveed Pervez  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To compare the age, reasons for surgical removal, awareness about impacted mandibular third molar, anxiety & panic factor, and the type of dental setup preferred among the patients when they are dentists/dental students or otherwise, nondental patients in Peshawar.
Materials and Methods:
A sample of ten dentists and forty non dental patients was selected using stratified sampling techniques. The data was collected in local hospitals and dental clinics from January 2017 to January 2018. Preoperative factors such as depth of impaction, tooth position, and bony coverage were considered using orthopantomograms and intraoral periapical radiographs.
Results:
The results showed that anxiety and panic factor is high among dentists/dental students when undergoing surgical removal of the impacted mandibular third molar. The results further suggested that dentists themselves believe in the quality and techniques of the hospitals, as 50% of the dentist/dental students opted for dental hospitals for their impactions.
Conclusion:
The finding concluded that 100% of the nondental patients did their surgical removal after facing problems because of the impacted mandibular third molars.
POLYMERIZATION SHRINKAGE, DEGREE OF CONVERSION, DEPTH OF CURE, AND HEAT GENERATION OF NOVEL EXPERIMENTAL AND COMMERCIAL COMPOSITE
Authors: Saad Liaqat  , Humaira Jabeen  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To compare and characterise commercial and control composites. By characterising these composites, target properties for new experimental dental composites can be outlined.
Materials and Methods:
Three commercial, and two experimental composites were compared and investigated. The composition of commercial materials were provided from published literature and manufacturer’s information. The changes in intensity of spectral peaks that were involved in free radical addition polymerization were used to determine the degree of conversion using FTIR (n=6). The samples were prepared in 1 mm, and 4 mm thickness and cured for 40 s from top. Depth of cure, Polymerization shrinkage and heat generation were determined using conversion data, and equations.
Results:
The conversion for Gradia, and Z250 were significantly lower than the flowable Vertise flow, and experimental composites C-HEMA, and C-4 META in both 1 mm, and 4 mm depth. The shrinkage, and heat generation values suggests opposite trends to conversion. With the highest shrinkage, and heat generation associated with Vertise flow. Depths of cure of all materials were in the range of 2.28 to 2.49 mm at 20 s, and 40 s cure.
Conclusion:
The experimental composite with added monomers had the potential to compete with commercially available composites, without compromising the properties.
COVID-19 SURVEILLANCE IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF DISTRICT NOWSHERA, PAKISTAN
Authors: Sobia Haris  , Muhammad Haris  , Farah Deeba  , Muhammad Jehangir Khan  
Published: July 2023

Objective:To find out the frequency of COVID-19 in the population of district Nowshera, Pakistan.
Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which data was collected through non probability convenient sampling for about 02 months. Sample size was 358. All those who were suspected of having COVID-19 regardless of their age and gender were included in the study whereas those with other medical problems were excluded.
Results: The study participants ranged from 1 to 85 years of age, with a mean age of 35±16 years. Of the total of 358, 259 (72.3%) were males and 99 (27.7%) females. The mean duration of exposure to someone suspected of having or confirmed to have COVID-19 was 6±2 days. Highly statistically significant but weakly positive correlation of a positive PCR test with COVID-19 exposure (rs = 0.23, p = 0.001) was observed. Travel history to a known outbreak was also weakly correlated (rs = 0.12, p = 0.02.
Conclusions: We concluded from our study that elderly adults were more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection than young. Furthermore, travel history to an epidemic area, as well as intimate contact with COVID-19 patients or those suspected of having the virus, is strongly linked with the development of COVID-19 infection.
COMPARISON OF GC TOOTH MOUSSE WITH FLUORIDE VARNISH TO TREAT DENTINAL HYPERSENSITIVITY
Authors: Bushra Irum  , Anser Maxood  , Javeria Ali Khan  , Rooshanay Haroon  , Gul  panrah  Arbab  , Khalid Rehman  
Published: July 2023

Objective: To compare the effect of two desensitizing agents in treating dentinal hypersensitivity.Materials and Methods: A Randomized clinical trial including 84 individuals aged 18 – 65 years was conducted. By flipping a coin, patients with hypersensitive lesions were split into two groups. Patients in Group A received Tooth mousseTM, while patients in Group B received Dura shieldTM. Patients’ pain responses to compressed air and tactile stimuli were measured using a visual analogue scale at baseline, one week, and 30 days following treatment. SPSS version 17 was used to analyze the data. The study was done at Department of Operative Dentistry, PIMS Islamabad from January 2011 to January 2012.
Results: A statistically significant difference existed between the two groups at seven days (p-value 0.008 )with tactile stimulus and at thirty days (p-value 0.046) with air blast and (p value= 0.016) tactile stimulus after application with tooth mousse showing pain relief in more number of patients as compared to fluoride varnish group.Conclusion: The comparison of two agents in this study showed that Tooth mousseTM showed better efficacy as compared to Dura shield TM in relieving dentinal hypersensitivity
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FRONTAL SINUS WIDTH AND SKELETAL JAW PATTERN: A LATERAL CEPHALOMETRIC STUDY
Authors: Kiran Ijaz  , Aymen Babar  , Ghulam Rasool  , Muska Ijaz  , Farhad Ali  
Published: July 2023

Objective:To determine the association between frontal sinus width and skeletal jaw pattern.
Materials and Methods:Study sample include lateral cephalometric radiographs of 42 patients, 48% were male and 52% were female. Recorded measurements were as follow: maximum width of the frontal sinus, maxilla relationship to anterior cranial base (SNA), mandible relationship to anterior cranial base (SNB) ,anteroposterior maxillary and mandibular relationship (ANB), maxillary and mandibular base length. SPSS version 22 was used for analyzing the data.
Results: Frontal sinus width was greater in class I subjects (9.29 mm) as compare to class II (8.50 mm) and class III (9.14 mm) subjects. Mean diff erence in frontal sinus width between the three skeletal classes was found to be insignifi cant (p=0.596). The correlation between frontal sinus width and length of maxillary base (r=0.23) and length of mandibular base (r=0.24) was positive. Frontal sinus width in male was greater i.e (9.60±2.64 mm) than females which was (8.41±1.37 mm).
Conclusion:Frontal sinus as visualized on cephalometric radiograph cannot be utilized as an aid for diagnosing skeletal jaw discrepancy. Further studies need to be done assessing a three dimensional CBCT scan of frontal sinus dimension.
ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES FORMATION AND MEDICINAL HERBS
Authors: Majid Hingoro  , Benish Aleem  , Shah Murad  , Abdul Qadir  , Abdul Ghaffar  , Aamna Khokhar  
Published: July 2023

Objective: The aim of the study was to find the hypolipidemic effect of natural herbs such as Curcuma longa, Fenugreek leaves and Lemon on the cholesterol level of the body for prevention against atherosclerotic plaques.
Materials & Methods: In this study, we have compared the hypolipidemic effects of Fenugreek, Curcuma longa, and Lemon. The study was conducted at Jinnah Hospital Lahore-Pakistan from August to December 2018. Ninety hyperlipidemic patients of age group 19years to 70years were included in the study. Diabetic, alcoholics, hypertensive patients and those with impaired renal or liver functions were excluded from the study. After taking consent from all the participants. their base line lipid profile was taken in the biochemistry laboratory of the hospital. They were divided into three groups i.e. 30 patients in each group. Group-I was advised to take 500 mg of Curcuma longa (haldi) mixed in fresh milk without cream, thrice daily for two months. GroupII patients were advised to take 100 grams of Fenugreek leaves mixed with salad in each meal (thrice daily) for a period of two months. Group-III patients were advised to take 40 ml of fresh lemon juice mixed with 40 ml mineral water thrice daily for two months. They all were advised not to take heavy meal rich with any type of fat, etc. One hour daily brisk walk was advised to all participants. 15 days follow up visit was scheduled for them. After two months their lipid profile was re-determined.
Results: When results were compiled and statistically analyzed by applying paired ‘t’ test, it revealed that Curcuma longa decreased total cholesterol, TG, LDL cholesterol 16.10, 20.01, and 17.59 mg/dl respectively. Fenugreek decreased total cholesterol, TGs, and LDL cholesterol 14.70, 17.33, and 17.06 mg/dl respectively. Lemon in two months therapy decreased total cholesterol, TGs, and LDL cholesterol 15.45, 10.13, and 11.97 mg/dl respectively. None of the above mentioned herbs raised HDL cholesterol significantly.
Conclusion: It can be concluded from this research work that Curcuma longa, Fenugreek leaves and Lemon are mild to moderately effective hypolipidemic herbs to lower total plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol.
FREQUENCY OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS AND HEPATITIS C VIRUS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING VARIOUS DENTAL PROCEDURES
Authors: Sultan Zeb Khan  , Syed Umer Farooq  , Khurshid Ali  , Sofia Shehzad  , Sofia Haider Durrani  , Abdul Hameed  
Published: July 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in patients undergoing various dental procedures at Tokyo Yaesu Dental Clinic and Tokyo Dental College Japan. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive study, we determined the frequency of HBV and HCV by screening the patients for HBs antigen and HCV antibody in blood serum before going for any dental procedures. Data were recorded from December 1999 to 2009(9 years & 8 months) in the Tokyo Yaesu Dental Clinic whereas in Tokyo Dental College Japan from October 2006 up to May 2008 (1 year and 8 months).
Results: In this study, we assessed 2,181 patients for HBs, out of which 13 (0.60%) cases were found positive for HBs at Tokyo Yaesu Dental Clinic, and out of 3216 patients 33 (1.02%) patients were found positive for HBs antigen at Tokyo Dental College. On another hand 31 (1.42%) patients out of 2181 were found positive of HCV antibody at Tokyo Yaesu Dental Clinic and 45 numbers of cases (1.43%) were found positive for HCV antibody at Tokyo Dental College. Most of the patients were found to be in the 6th and 7th decade of life.
Conclusion: Screening for HBV and HCV should be mandatory for every patient going through any invasive and non- invasive dental procedures. Furthermore, sterilizations and standard precautionary protocols must also be observed at Dental clinics and hospitals.