bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Psychometric Properties of the Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale Through Classical Test Theory, Item Response Theory, and Network Analysis
Authors: Dias Sofia Fontoura , Gomes Ana Allen , Espie Colin A. , Ruivo Marques Daniel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale was developed with the aim of measuring sleep effort. The present study evaluates the psychometric properties of the European Portuguese version of the scale through classical test theory (specifically confirmatory factor analysis), item response theory, and network analysis.

Methods
It was used an existing database comprising a community sample of 227 Portuguese adults, aged 20–74 (M = 42.99; SD = 12.44) years old, comprising 49.8% women and 50.2% men.

Results
In confirmatory factor analysis, a well-adjusted to data one-factor model was identified, with sleep effort as the single factor. Item response theory analysis indicated an adequate performance of all items and satisfactory coverage of the latent trait, with items 3 (a = 3.37), 4 (a = 3.18), and 6 (a = 3.02) as the most discriminative ones. Considering network analysis, items 4 and 7 presented the strongest edge weight (.48). Item 1 was displayed at the centre of the networks and accounted for the largest number of connections with the remaining items.

Conclusion
The results suggest that the Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale is a reliable measure, comprising highly discriminative items with good centrality indices.
Selbstberichtete Gründe für die (Nicht‑)Nutzung von Familiensprachen beim mehrsprachigkeitssensiblen Reziproken Lehren
Authors: Reitenbach V. , Decristan J. , Rauch D. P. , Bertram V. , Schneider K. M. 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Einbezug von Familiensprachen der Schüler*innen im Unterricht lässt sich aus kognitiver sowie aus anerkennungstheoretischer Perspektive begründen. Dennoch zeigen erste Studien, dass mehrsprachige Schüler*innen ihre Familiensprachen vergleichsweise selten nutzen, selbst wenn sie dazu angeregt werden. In diesem Beitrag werden aus der Perspektive der Schüler*innen Gründe für die (Nicht‑)Nutzung ihrer Familiensprachen beim Reziproken Lehren im Grundschulunterricht dargestellt.Für die Analysen wurden Daten aus einer Leseinterventionsstudie mit 667 Viertklässler*innen verwendet. Die Lehrkräfte nahmen an einer Fortbildung teil, in die eine Sensibilisierung für Mehrsprachigkeit und die kooperative Methode des Reziproken Lehrens in eine Unterrichtseinheit eingebettet waren. Anschließend setzten die Lehrkräfte diese in ihrem Deutschunterricht um. Neben der Zuordnung von Sprachpartner*innen in Kleingruppen wurden Sprachenportraits, zweisprachiges Unterrichtsmaterial und Sprachlernstifte eingesetzt, um mehrsprachige Interaktion anzuregen. Die Schüler*innen beantworteten am Ende der Einheit im Rahmen eines Fragebogens die Frage, ob sie während der Intervention eine andere Sprache als Deutsch gesprochen haben und wurden gebeten, ihre Antwort zu begründen.Von den mehrsprachigen Schüler*innen gaben 63 % an, dass sie eine andere Sprache als Deutsch gesprochen haben. Mithilfe der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse wurden fünf Hauptkategorien der selbstberichteten Gründe für die (Nicht‑)Nutzung des Sprachangebots identifiziert: Individuum, Gruppe, Sprachangebot, Material und Zeit. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Schüler*innen sowohl für die Nutzung als auch für die Nicht-Nutzung ihrer Familiensprachen während der Unterrichtseinheit hauptsächlich individuelle und gruppenbezogene Gründe angaben, die sich jeweils auf Sprachkompetenzen bezogen. Für individuumsbezogene Begründungen der Nutzung waren darüber hinaus sprachbezogene Emotionen bedeutsam. Aus den Ergebnissen lassen sich Implikationen für die Umsetzung einer mehrsprachigkeitssensiblen und -aktivierendenden Lernumgebung ableiten.
Progress in thermal energy storage technologies for achieving carbon neutrality
Authors: Zhao Changying , Yan Jun , Tian Xikun , Xue Xinjie , Zhao Yao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChina is committed to the targets of achieving peak CO2 emissions around 2030 and realizing carbon neutrality around 2060. To realize carbon neutrality, people are seeking to replace fossil fuel with renewable energy. Thermal energy storage is the key to overcoming the intermittence and fluctuation of renewable energy utilization. In this paper, the relation between renewable energy and thermal energy storage is first addressed. Then, the classifications of thermal energy storage and Carnot batteries are given. The aim of this review is to provide an insight into the promising thermal energy storage technologies for the application of renewable energy in order to realize carbon neutrality. Three types of heat storage methods, especially latent heat storage and thermochemical heat storage, are analyzed in detail. The application of thermal energy storage is influenced by many heat storage properties, such as temperature range, heat storage capacity, cost, stability, and technical readiness. Therefore, the heat storage properties for different heat storage technologies are reviewed and compared. The advantage and challenge of different heat storage technologies and Carnot batteries for carbon neutrality processes are analyzed. Finally, the prospects of different heat storage technologies are summarized.
Interaction of mode-one internal solitary waves of opposite polarity in double-pycnocline stratifications
Authors: Lamb Kevin G. 
Published: April 2023

Numerical simulations of the interaction of internal solitary waves (ISWs) of opposite polarity are conducted by solving the incompressible Euler equations under the Boussinesq approximation. A double-pycnocline stratification is used. A method to determine when ISWs of both polarities exist is also presented. The simulations confirm previous work that the interaction of waves of the same polarity are soliton-like; however, here it is shown that when a fast ISW with the same polarity as a Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) solitary wave catches up and interacts with a slower ISW of opposite polarity, the interaction can be far from soliton-like. The energy in the fast KdV-polarity wave can increase by more than a factor of 5 while the energy in the slower negative-KdV-polarity wave can decrease by 50 %. Large trailing wave trains may be generated and in some cases multiple ISWs with KdV polarity may be formed by the interaction.
Relatio: Text Semantics Capture Political and Economic Narratives
Authors: Ash Elliott , Gauthier Germain , Widmer Philine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSocial scientists have become increasingly interested in how narratives—the stories in fiction, politics, and life—shape beliefs, behavior, and government policies. This paper provides an unsupervised method to quantify latent narrative structures in text documents. Our new software package relatio identifies coherent entity groups and maps explicit relations between them in the text. We provide an application to the U.S. Congressional Record to analyze political and economic narratives in recent decades. Our analysis highlights the dynamics, sentiment, polarization, and interconnectedness of narratives in political discourse.
Foraminifers and conodonts in the Danlu section, South China: implications for the Viséan–Serpukhovian boundary (Mississippian)
Authors: Liu Chao , Cózar Pedro , Coronado Ismael , Liang Tian , Liu Xiaoxiao , Chen Hao , Li Xin , An Haihua , Zhang Fukai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Viséan–Serpukhovian boundary is poorly defined in South China, hampering regional and global stratigraphical correlations. The foraminiferal and conodont distribution of the Baping Formation in the carbonate-slope Danlu section permits the recognition of an interval from the middle Viséan to the uppermost Serpukhovian in a continuous succession. The base of the Serpukhovian in Danlu is recognized by the first occurrences of Janischewskina delicata, Howchinia subplana and questionable ‘Millerella’ tortula. At a slightly younger level, the conodont Lochriea ziegleri is first recorded. A calibration on the first occurrence of L. ziegleri in different basins at a global scale has been revised compared to auxiliary markers within the ammonoids and foraminifers. The late occurrence of L. ziegleri in the Danlu section also supports a lack of synchronicity in the global first occurrence of this taxon. This study calls for the recognition of a new base for the Serpukhovian under a far better correlation between different zonal schemes and fossil groups.
Is cognition integral to psychopathology? A population-based cohort study
Authors: Rotstein Anat , Fund Suzanne , Levine Stephen Z. , Reichenberg Abraham , Goldenberg Judy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundLower cognitive functioning has been documented across psychiatric disorders and hypothesized to be a core deficit of mental disorders. Situating psychopathology and cognition as part of a unitary construct is therefore important to understanding the etiology of psychiatric disorders. The current study aims to test competing structural models of psychopathology and cognition in a large national cohort of adolescents.MethodsThe analytic sample consisted of 1189 participants aged 16–17 years, screened by the Israeli Draft Board. Psychopathology was assessed using a modified version of the Brief Symptom Inventory, and cognition was assessed based on four standardized test scores ((1) mathematical reasoning, concentration, and concept manipulation; (2) visual-spatial problem-solving skills and nonverbal abstract reasoning; (3) verbal understanding; (4) categorization and verbal abstraction). Confirmatory factor analysis was implemented to compare competing structural models of psychopathology with and without cognition. Sensitivity analyses examined the models in different subpopulations.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis indicated a better model fit of psychopathological symptoms without cognition (RMSEA = 0.037; TLI = 0.991; CFI = 0.992) than with cognition (RMSEA = 0.04–0.042; TLI = 0.987–0.988; CFI = 0.988–0.989). Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of these results with a single exception. Among participants with low cognitive abilities (N= 139), models that integrated psychopathological symptoms with cognition had a better fit compared to models of psychopathology without cognition.ConclusionsThe current study suggests that cognition and psychopathology are, generally, independent constructs. However, within low cognitive abilities, cognition was integral to the structure of psychopathology. Our results point toward an increased vulnerability to psychopathology in individuals with low cognitive abilities and may provide valuable information for clinicians.
The Limits of Judicial Reforms: How and Why China Failed to Centralize Its Court System
Authors: Meng Ye 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the implementation effects of China's recent reforms to centralize its court system and offers an explanation of why such centralization efforts largely failed. Drawing upon in-depth interviews with judicial personnel from four localities, the study shows that local courts’ structural dependence upon same-level party-states is perpetuated or, in some cases, is even exacerbated, despite the unprecedented reform plans to centralize the budgetary and personnel management of the judicial system. Further investigation finds that, contrary to what existing assessments suggest, implementation failure is less a result of regional disparities in resources than of the party-state's own reliance on its horizontal line of power concentration and hierarchy, which is a core feature of the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) one-party rule and hinders the party-state's own attempts to strengthen both judicial autonomy and centralization. The article thus challenges two extant notions on recent political-legal developments in China – that the CCP regime has substantially centralized its judiciary along the vertical line, and that judicial autonomy can continue to increase and manifest both under the conditions of, and serving the purpose of, deepening one-party authoritarianism.
Measuring ideation effectiveness in bioinspired design
Authors: Sharma Sunil , Gururani Suraj , Sarkar Prabir 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Analogies provide better concept generation in engineering design. This ideation can be measured by metrics such as usefulness, novelty, variety, quality, completeness, and quantity. In bioinspired design, biological analogies are used to inspire design concepts. Biological analogies have been provided in earlier studies to measure ideation effectiveness. Tools like IDEA-INSPIRE, DANE, etc., allow designers to search analogies using functions, behaviors, and structures. However, we wanted to inquire about the effect of providing a very large number of biological analogies (26), fulfilling the same function to develop bioinspired solutions. In this paper, an empirical study has been performed to analyze the effect of biological analogies on ideation. The designers are exposed to provided multiple biological analogies and generate concepts for which four ideation metrics: novelty, variety, quality, and quantity metrics are evaluated. The results are compared to the unaided condition where other designers are given the same task. A new method to measure variety using a 2D matrix has been presented. The results suggest that designers can generate bioinspired solutions when multiple biological analogies performing similar functions are provided in a presentable format. Statistically, exposure to multiple biological analogies in idea generation can significantly increase the variety of design ideas. The novelty, quality, and quantity for the biological group and control group remain the same.
Data‐Driven Gap Filling and Spatio‐Temporal Filtering of the GRACE and GRACE‐FO Records
Authors: Gauer Louis‐Marie , Chanard Kristel , Fleitout Luce 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGravity Recovery And Climate Experiment and Follow On (GRACE/‐FO) global monthly measurements of Earth's gravity field have led to significant advances in quantifying mass transfer. However, a significant temporal gap between missions hinders evaluating long‐term mass variations. Moreover, instrumental and processing errors translate into large non‐physical North‐South stripes polluting geophysical signals. We use Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis (M‐SSA) to overcome both issues by exploiting spatio‐temporal information of Level‐2 GRACE/‐FO solutions, filtered using the DDK7 decorrelation and a new complementary filter, built based on the residual noise between fully processed data and a parametric fit to observations. Using an iterative M‐SSA on Equivalent Water Height (EWH) time series processed by Center of Space Research, GeoForschungsZentrum, Institute of Geodesy at Graz University of Technology, and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, we replace missing data and outliers to obtain a combined evenly sampled solution. Then, we apply M‐SSA to retrieve common signals between each EWH time series and its same‐latitude neighbors to further reduce residual spatially uncorrelated noise. Comparing GRACE/‐FO M‐SSA solution with Satellite Laser Ranging and Swarm low‐degree Earth's gravity field and hydrological model demonstrates its ability to satisfyingly fill missing observations. Our solution achieves a noise level comparable to mass concentration (mascon) solutions over oceans (3.0 mm EWH), without requiring a priori information nor regularization. While short‐wavelength signals are challenging to capture using highly filtered spherical harmonics or mascons solutions, we show that our technique efficiently recovers localized mass variations using well‐documented mass transfers associated with reservoir impoundments.
Viscoelastic Response of a Self‐Gravitational Spherical Earth to Shear Dislocation Obtained Using the Fixed‐Talbot Method
Authors: Zhou Xin , Wang Kelin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractViscoelastic dislocation theory is important to understanding fundamental geodynamics and validating numerical models in the study of earthquake deformation. Available mathematical solutions differ in assumed Earth geometry and formulation of gravity terms, but the main challenge they commonly face is Inverse Laplace Transform (ILT). Limitations in previously used ILT methods tend to degrade the performance and/or accuracy of the solutions. To overcome these limitations, we have derived new Green's functions for a layered spherical Earth based on the Fixed‐Talbot ILT method. The new solution uses a precise density‐gravity relation, includes pre‐stress advection, buoyancy, and self‐gravitation, invokes the bi‐viscous Burgers rheology, and yields deformational and gravitational changes both at the surface and in the interior of the Earth. The Fixed‐Talbot ILT method, which involves a left‐open parabolic integration path in the complex plane, greatly improves computing efficiency and allows convenient use of a large number of Earth layers. Comparison with other existing solutions demonstrates the excellent performance of the new solution. Taking the postseismic deformation of the 2004 Sumatra Mw 9.2 earthquake as an example, we illustrate how to integrate numerically our Green's functions to represent realistic slip distribution over a three‐dimensionally curved fault. The combination of computational efficiency, mathematical completeness in modeling gravitational effects, adaptability to any radial structure of the Earth, and ability to provide results at any depth including the surface enables a powerful tool for forward and inverse modeling of viscoelastic earthquake cycles in a self‐gravitating spherical Earth.
Paleomagnetic Evidence for Pre‐21 Ma Independent Drift of South Sardinia From North Sardinia‐Corsica: “Greater Iberia” Versus Europe
Authors: Siravo Gaia , Speranza Fabio , Mattei Massimo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIt is unanimously acknowledged that the Corsica‐Sardinia microplate rotated counterclockwise (CCW) by 40–50° between 21 and 15 Ma, synchronous with Liguro‐Provençal Basin oceanic spreading. Conversely, 60–120° CCW rotations with respect to Europe from Sardinia (Permian dykes, volcanics and sediments, Mesozoic carbonates, and lower Eocene limestones) have been interpreted to be related to (a) late Permian intra‐Pangea shear events, (b) Aptian Iberia rotation, and (c) Eocene Valais Ocean closure. We report paleomagnetic data from 31 red‐bed sites from the mid‐late Eocene (45–32 Ma) Cixerri Fm. exposed in SW Sardinia. Characteristic paleomagnetic directions from 25 dual polarity sites (240 samples) define an 86 ± 7° CCW rotation. We suggest that a S Sardinia block located NE of Balearic Islands rotated 30° CCW during the 30–21 Ma Liguro‐Provençal rifting, and was decoupled from N Sardinia along the left‐lateral Nuoro fault. After 21 Ma, Corsica‐Sardinia underwent a drift‐related 60° CCW rotation as a whole. A re‐analysis of available paleomagnetic results shows that Permian data from N Sardinia‐Corsica align with European directions considering a 60° CCW rotation, whereas Permian and mid Jurassic data from S Sardinia match European directions only after considering a ∼35° CCW Iberia rotation besides the 90° post‐Eocene event. We suggest that S Sardinia was part of Iberia, and rotated CCW during both Aptian Iberia drift and Oligo‐Miocene Liguro‐Provençal opening. Our data, along with recent paleomagnetic results from Calabria, suggest that S Sardinia, Balearic Islands, Calabria, Peloritan, Kabylies, and Alboran were fragments of “Greater Iberia,” joined to Iberia before 30 Ma Liguro‐Provençal rifting.
Overcoming resistance to immunotherapy by targeting GPR84 in myeloid-derived suppressor cells
Authors: Qin Guohui , Liu Shasha , Liu Jinyan , Hu Hongwei , Yang Li , Zhao Qitai , Li Congcong , Zhang Bin , Zhang Yi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMyeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were found to gradually accumulate in the orthotopic esophageal cancer mouse model during tumor progression. Although the roles of MDSCs in promoting tumor growth and inhibiting immune response have been extensively explored, currently, there are still no effective means for targeting MDSCs clinically. The deficiency of specific markers of MDSCs was responsible for the limited strategy to eliminating in clinic. This study identified that GPR84 was exclusively overexpressed on MDSCs. It was further found that GPR84 was prominently expressed on MDSCs in clinical samples and tumor mouse models, which drives the immunosuppression on CD8+T cells by inhibiting PD-L1 degradation in lysosomes. Furthermore, G-CSF and GM-CSF were found to induce GPR84 expression through the STAT3/C/EBPβ signaling pathway. In addition, GPR84+MDSCs and PD-L1+MDSCs were highly accumulated in anti-PD-1 therapy-resistant patients with esophageal cancer, and high GPR84 signature risk was verified as a negative factor for the overall survival of patients with anti-PD-1 treatment. Finally, GPR84 antagonism combined with an anti-PD-1 antibody enhanced the antitumor responses. Therefore, targeting GPR84 enhanced anti-PD-1 efficacy in esophageal cancer and other malignant tumors. This combination therapy has the potential for tumor therapy in clinics.
Clinical and radiographic evaluation of NeoMTA versus conventional white mineral trioxide aggregate in revascularization of non-vital immature permanent anterior teeth (A randomized controlled trial)
Authors: Tawfeek Hala Ahmed , El-Bardissy Adel Abdel-Azim , Abou El-Yazeed Mohammed , Youssef Randa , Abd Alsamad Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate and compare clinically and radiographically the effect of using two different coronal plug materials (NeoMTA versus Conventional White mineral trioxide aggregate) in revascularization of non-vital immature permanent anterior teeth, with special reference to the assessment and evaluation of discoloration potential over a period of one year.

Methods
Revascularization procedure was performed in (30) immature permanent non-vital anterior teeth which were randomly allocated to two equal groups (n = 15). NeoMTA was used as coronal plug material in the Experimental Group (N), while conventional White mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) was used as a coronal plug material in the Control Group (W). All treated teeth were evaluated clinically at 1 week, 1, 3, and 12 months and radiographically at 12 months.

Results
The overall clinical and radiographic success rate of Groups (N) and (W) at the end of the 12-month follow-up period was 100%. The discoloration was detected in a single tooth (9.1%) in Group (N) and three teeth (27.3%) in Group (W) but the difference between groups was not statistically significant.

Conclusions
Both NeoMTA and conventional WMTA were successful coronal plug materials in the revascularization of non-vital immature permanent teeth achieving a high level of clinical and radiographic success. NeoMTA is a promising coronal plug material that can be used for revascularization procedures in the esthetic zone as it showed less discoloration potential compared with conventional WMTA, however, there was no statistically significant difference between both materials.
A brief history of the development and use of vulcanised rubber in dentistry
Authors: Stephens Christopher 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUntil the late nineteenth century, denture baseplates and removable orthodontic appliances were usually made of gold. Though now largely forgotten, the discovery of vulcanised rubber was instrumental in making these forms of dental treatment widely available to the general public. While Charles Goodyear is recognised for his role in the development of vulcanite in America, that of Thomas Hancock in the UK is less well-known.