bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity in defining multiple trauma: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Jeanmougin Thomas , Cole Elaine , Duceau Baptiste , Raux Mathieu , James Arthur 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
While numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been conducted in the field of trauma, a substantial portion of them are yielding negative results. One potential contributing factor to this trend could be the lack of agreement regarding the chosen definitions across different trials. The primary objective was to identify the terminology and definitions utilized for the characterization of multiple trauma patients within randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods
A systematic review of the literature was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE and clinicaltrials.gov between January 1, 2002, and July 31, 2022. RCTs or RTCs protocols were eligible if they included multiple trauma patients. The terms employed to characterize patient populations were identified, and the corresponding definitions for these terms were extracted. The subsequent impact on the population recruited was then documented to expose clinical heterogeneity.

Results
Fifty RCTs were included, and 12 different terms identified. Among these terms, the most frequently used were “multiple trauma” (n = 21, 42%), "severe trauma" (n = 8, 16%), "major trauma" (n = 4, 8%), and trauma with hemorrhagic shock" (n = 4, 8%). Only 62% of RCTs (n = 31) provided a definition for the terms used, resulting a total of 21 different definitions. These definitions primarily relied on the injury severity score (ISS) (n = 15, 30%), displaying an important underlying heterogeneity. The choice of the terms had an impact on the study population, affecting both the ISS and in-hospital mortality. Eleven protocols were included, featuring five different terms, with "severe trauma" being the most frequent, occurring six times (55%).

Conclusion
This systematic review uncovers an important heterogeneity both in the terms and in the definitions employed to recruit trauma patients within RCTs. These findings underscore the imperative of promoting the use of a unique and consistent definition.
An automated ash dispersion forecast system: case study Popocatépetl volcano, Mexico
Authors: García Agustin R. , Zavala-Hidalgo J. , Delgado-Granados H. , Garcia-Escalante J. , Gómez-Ramos O. , Herrera-Moro D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn operational volcanic ash dispersion forecast system was developed for Popocatépetl. It runs automatically every day developing 108 possible scenarios of ash dispersion for the following 36 h. Scenarios are simulated for three eruption column heights: 3 km, 5 km, and 10 km above the volcano’s crater level, every hour for eruptions lasting 1 h. For each hypothetical eruption that starts every hour, the dispersion during the following 8 h is modelled. The system uses the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for weather data and the Fall3D model. It includes a visualization website that displays, among other products: ground accumulation, deposit load, and concentration at relevant flight levels. Popocatépetl volcano, located ~ 60 km from Mexico Megacity was selected as a case study. A comparison from ash forecast system results and satellite observations is presented. The system developed and tested here can be adapted to be operative at any volcano.
Forward invariant set preservation in discrete dynamical systems and numerical schemes for ODEs: application in biosciences
Authors: Anguelov Roumen , Lubuma Jean M.-S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present two results on the analysis of discrete dynamical systems and finite difference discretizations of continuous dynamical systems, which preserve their dynamics and essential properties. The first result provides a sufficient condition for forward invariance of a set under discrete dynamical systems of specific type, namely time-reversible ones. The condition involves only the boundary of the set. It is a discrete analog of the widely used tangent condition for continuous systems (viz. the vector field points either inwards or is tangent to the boundary of the set). The second result is nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) scheme for dynamical systems defined by systems of ordinary differential equations. The NSFD scheme preserves the hyperbolic equilibria of the continuous system as well as their stability. Further, the scheme is time reversible and, through the first result, inherits from the continuous model the forward invariance of the domain. We show that the scheme is of second order, thereby solving a pending problem on the construction of higher-order nonstandard schemes without spurious solutions. It is shown that the new scheme applies directly for mass action-based models of biological and chemical processes. The application of these results, including some numerical simulations for invariant sets, is exemplified on a general Susceptible-Infective-Recovered/Removed (SIR)-type epidemiological model, which may have arbitrary large number of infective or recovered/removed compartments.
Intelligent intrusion detection framework for multi-clouds – IoT environment using swarm-based deep learning classifier
Authors: Nizamudeen Syed Mohamed Thameem 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the current era, a tremendous volume of data has been generated by using web technologies. The association between different devices and services have also been explored to wisely and widely use recent technologies. Due to the restriction in the available resources, the chance of security violation is increasing highly on the constrained devices. IoT backend with the multi-cloud infrastructure to extend the public services in terms of better scalability and reliability. Several users might access the multi-cloud resources that lead to data threats while handling user requests for IoT services. It poses a new challenge in proposing new functional elements and security schemes. This paper introduces an intelligent Intrusion Detection Framework (IDF) to detect network and application-based attacks. The proposed framework has three phases: data pre-processing, feature selection and classification. Initially, the collected datasets are pre-processed using Integer- Grading Normalization (I-GN) technique that ensures a fair-scaled data transformation process. Secondly, Opposition-based Learning- Rat Inspired Optimizer (OBL-RIO) is designed for the feature selection phase. The progressive nature of rats chooses the significant features. The fittest value ensures the stability of the features from OBL-RIO. Finally, a 2D-Array-based Convolutional Neural Network (2D-ACNN) is proposed as the binary class classifier. The input features are preserved in a 2D-array model to perform on the complex layers. It detects normal (or) abnormal traffic. The proposed framework is trained and tested on the Netflow-based datasets. The proposed framework yields 95.20% accuracy, 2.5% false positive rate and 97.24% detection rate.
A novel CAR-T cell product targeting CD74 is an effective therapeutic approach in preclinical mantle cell lymphoma models
Authors: Chan Wing Keung , Williams Jessica , Sorathia Kinnari , Pray Betsy , Abusaleh Kaled , Bian Zehua , Sharma Archisha , Hout Ian , Nishat Shamama , Hanel Walter , Sloan Shelby L. , Yasin Aneeq , Denlinger Nathan , Zhang Xiaoli , Muthusamy Natarajan , Vasu Sumithira , de Lima Marcos , Yang Yiping , Baiocchi Robert , Alinari Lapo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtype which remains incurable despite multimodal approach including chemoimmunotherapy followed by stem cell transplant, targeted approaches such as the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib, and CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. CD74 is a nonpolymorphic type II integral membrane glycoprotein identified as an MHC class II chaperone and a receptor for macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Our group previously reported on CD74's abundant expression in MCL and its ability to increase via pharmacological inhibition of autophagosomal degradation. Milatuzumab, a fully humanized anti-CD74 monoclonal antibody, demonstrated significant activity in preclinical lymphoma models but failed to provide meaningful benefits in clinical trials mainly due to its short half-life. We hypothesized that targeting CD74 using a CAR-T cell would provide potent and durable anti-MCL activity.

Methods
We engineered a second generation anti-CD74 CAR with 4-1BB and CD3ζ signaling domains (74bbz). Through in silico and rational mutagenesis on the scFV domain, the 74bbz CAR was functionally optimized for superior antigen binding affinity, proliferative signaling, and cytotoxic activity against MCL cells in vitro and in vivo.

Results
Functionally optimized 74bbz CAR-T cells (clone 42105) induced significant killing of MCL cell lines, and primary MCL patient samples including one relapse after commercial CD19 CAR-T cell therapy with direct correlation between antigen density and cytotoxicity. It significantly prolonged the survival of an animal model established in NOD-SCIDγc−/− (NSG) mice engrafted with a human MCL cell line Mino subcutaneously compared to controls. Finally, while CD74 is also expressed on normal immune cell subsets, treatment with 74bbz CAR-T cells resulted in minimal cytotoxicity against these cells both in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions
Targeting CD74 with 74bbz CAR-T cells represents a new cell therapy to provide a potent and durable and anti-MCL activity.
Assessing food security performance from the One Health concept: an evaluation tool based on the Global One Health Index
Authors: Gu Si-Yu , Chen Fu-Min , Zhang Chen-Sheng , Zhou Yi-Bin , Li Tian-Yun , Qiang Ne , Zhang Xiao-Xi , Liu Jing-Shu , Wang Shu-Xun , Yang Xue-Chen , Guo Xiao-Kui , Hu Qin-Qin , Deng Xiao-Bei , Han Le-Fei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Food systems instantiate the complex interdependencies across humans, physical environments, and other organisms. Applying One Health approaches for agri-food system transformation, which adopts integrated and unifying approaches to optimize the overall health of humans, animals, plants, and environments, is crucial to enhance the sustainability of food systems. This study develops a potential assessment tool, named the global One Health index-Food Security (GOHI-FS), aiming to evaluate food security performance across countries/territories from One Health perspective and identify relevant gaps that need to be improved for sustainable food systems.

Methods
We comprehensively reviewed existing frameworks and elements of food security. The indicator framework of GOHI-FS was conceptualized following the structure-process-outcome model and confirmed by expert advisory. Publicly available data in 2020 was collected for each indicator. The weighting strategy was determined by the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process. The data for each indicator was normalized and aggregated by weighted arithmetic mean. Linear regressions were performed to evaluate the associations of GOHI-FS with health and social-economic indicators.

Results
The GOHI-FS includes 5 first-level indicators, 19 second-level indicators and 45 third-level indicators. There were 146 countries/territories enrolled for evaluation. The highest average score of first-level indicators was Nutrition (69.8) and the lowest was Government Support and Response (31.3). There was regional heterogeneity of GOHI-FS scores. Higher median scores with interquartile range (IQR) were shown in North America (median: 76.1, IQR: 75.5–76.7), followed by Europe and Central Asia (median: 66.9, IQR: 60.1–74.3), East Asia and the Pacific (median: 60.6, IQR: 55.5–68.7), Latin America and the Caribbean (median: 60.2, IQR: 57.8–65.0), Middle East and North Africa (median: 56.6, IQR: 52.0–62.8), South Asia (median: 51.1, IQR: 46.7–53.8), and sub-Saharan Africa (median: 41.4, IQR: 37.2–46.5). We also found significant associations between GOHI-FS and GDP per capita, socio-demographic index, health expenditure and life expectancy.

Conclusions
GOHI-FS is a potential assessment tool to understand the gaps in food security across countries/territories under the One Health concept. The pilot findings suggest notable gaps for sub-Saharan Africa in numerous aspects. Broad actions are needed globally to promote government support and response for food security.
Mentalizing in a movie for the assessment of social cognition (MASC): the validation in a taiwanese sample
Authors: Huang Yu-Lien , Chen Tzu-Ting , Dziobek Isabel , Tseng Huai-Hsuan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The present study evaluated the psychometrics properties of a sensitive video-based test used in the evaluation of mentalizing skills, that is, the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition-Taiwanese version (MASC-TW).

Methods
We recruited two independent samples of nonclinical participants (N = 167) and adult patients with schizophrenia (N = 41). The MASC-TW and two other social cognition measures, namely the Chinese version of Theory of Mind task (ToM) and the Taiwanese version of the Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy-2 (DANAV-TW-2), and an executive function measure of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), were administered to both groups.

Results
The MASC proved to be a reliable measure of mentalizing capacity, high Cronbach’s α value of 0.87. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the MASC-TW total correct scores was 0.85 across three waves of data collection. Across the entire sample, the scores on the MASC-TW were significantly correlated with verbal and nonverbal scores for the ToM task and recognition of facial and prosodic emotion on the DANAV-TW-2. Both executive function and emotion recognition emerged as noteworthy predictors of mentalizing, indicating that these two variables might play crucial roles in the development of mentalizing capacities. Finally, a receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that in patients with schizophrenia, the MASC was the most accurate discriminator of diagnostic groups, highlighting the validity of the MASC.

Conclusions
Overall, the MASC-TW is an ecologically valid and useful tool for assessing mentalizing abilities in a Taiwanese population.
TDP43 pathology in chronic traumatic encephalopathy retinas
Authors: Phansalkar Ragini , Goodwill Vanessa S. , Nirschl Jeffrey J. , De Lillo Chiara , Choi Jihee , Spurlock Elizabeth , Coughlin David G. , Pizzo Donald , Sigurdson Christina J. , Hiniker Annie , Alvarez Victor E. , Mckee Ann C. , Lin Jonathan H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with repetitive head trauma. Brain pathology in CTE is characterized by neuronal loss, gliosis, and a distinctive pattern of neuronal accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and phospho-TDP43 (p-TDP43). Visual anomalies have been reported by patients with CTE, but the ocular pathology underlying these symptoms is unknown. We evaluated retinal pathology in post-mortem eyes collected from 8 contact sport athletes with brain autopsy-confirmed stage IV CTE and compared their findings to retinas from 8 control patients without CTE and with no known history of head injury. Pupil-optic nerve cross sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), p-tau, p-TDP43, and total TDP43 by immunohistochemistry. No significant retinal degeneration was observed in CTE eyes compared to control eyes by H&E. Strong cytoplasmic p-TDP43 and total TDP43 staining was found in 6/8 CTE eyes in a subset of inner nuclear layer interneurons (INL) of the retina, while only 1/8 control eyes showed similar p-TDP43 pathology. The morphology and location of these inner nuclear layer interneurons were most compatible with retinal horizontal cells, although other retinal cell types present in INL could not be ruled out. No p-tau pathology was observed in CTE or control retinas. These findings identify novel retinal TDP43 pathology in CTE retinas and support further investigation into the role of p-TDP43 in producing visual deficits in patients with CTE.
Overcoming delamination in two-photon lithography for improving fabrication of 3D microstructures
Authors: Ha Cheol Woo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTwo-photon lithography has emerged as a highly effective method for fabricating intricate three-dimensional (3D) microstructures. It enables the rapid fabrication of 3D microstructures, unlike conventional two-dimensional nanopatterning. Researchers have extensively investigated two-photon polymerization (TPP) for the fabrication of diverse 3D micro/nanodevices with high resolution. TPP can be applied in cell cultures, metamaterials, optical materials, electrical devices, and fluidic devices, to name a few. In this study, we investigate the applications and innovative research pertaining to TPP, which is an effective fabrication technique with significant advancement in various fields. In particular, we attempt to determine the reasons that cause the detachment or delamination of 3D microstructures during the development process and propose some solutions. A step-by-step fabrication process for a glass substrate, from photoresist deposition to laser scanning and the dissolution of the uncured photoresist, is presented. Defects such as pattern delamination are discussed, with emphasis on the cell scaffold structure and microlens array. Understanding and addressing these defects are vital to the success of 3D microstructure fabrication via TPP.
The influence of contralateral circulation on computational fluid dynamics of intracranial arteries: simulated versus measured flow velocities
Authors: Oh SuJeong , Song YunSun , Lim HyunKyung , Ko YoungBae , Park SungTae 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the influence of contralateral anterior circulation on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of intracranial arteries, by comparing the CFD values of flow velocities in unilateral anterior circulation with the measured values from phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography (PC-MRA).

Methods
We analyzed 21 unilateral anterior circulation models without proximal stenosis from 15 patients who performed both time-of-flight MRA (TOF-MRA) and PC-MRA. CFD was performed with the inflow boundary condition of a pulsatile flow of the internal carotid artery (ICA) obtained from PC-MRA. The outflow boundary condition was given as atmospheric pressure. Simulated flow velocities of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and anterior cerebral artery (ACA) from CFD were compared with the measured values from PC-MRA.

Results
The velocities of MCA were shown to be more accurately simulated on CFD than those of ACA (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.773 and 0.282, respectively). In four models with severe stenosis or occlusion of the contralateral ICA, the CFD values of ACA velocities were significantly lower (< 50%) than those measured with PC-MRA. ACA velocities were relatively accurately simulated in the models including similar diameters of both ACAs.

Conclusion
It may be necessary to consider the flow condition of the contralateral anterior circulation in CFD of intracranial arteries, especially in the ACA.

Relevance statement
Incorporating the flow conditions of the contralateral circulation is of clinical importance for an accurate prediction of a rupture risk in Acom aneurysms as the bidirectional flow and accurate velocity of both ACAs can significantly impact the CFD results.

Key points
• CFD simulations using unilateral vascular models were relatively accurate for MCA.
• Contralateral ICA steno-occlusion resulted in an underestimation of CFD velocity in ACA.
• Contralateral flow may need to be considered in CFD simulations of ACA.

Graphical Abstract
Renal resistive index as a marker of histopathological damage in diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kuttancheri Theertha , Das Sudha Kiran , Shetty Manjunath Sanjeeva , Satish Suchitha , Bathrenathh B. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide public health problem with diabetes being the leading cause. Renal resistive index derived by Duplex Doppler sonography, has been in use clinically to examine intrarenal hemodynamic abnormalities. However, renal biopsy remains the gold standard for the evaluation of intrarenal damage. In this study we correlated the renal resistive index in diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease patients with the established parameters of renal dysfunction i.e. histopathological changes.

Results
The conducted study was a cross-sectional comparative study on 114 patients (58 diabetic and 56 non-diabetic patients) over a period of 18 months. Evaluated histopathological indices and renal resistive index had a statistically significant positive correlation (glomerulosclerosis, arterial damage and tubulo-interstitial damage scores) in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. The highest correlation was observed with tubulo-interstitial score in our study.

Conclusions
Renal resistive index could be considered a marker of histological damage in both diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease. Inclusion of resistive index in the routine diagnostic protocol of chronic kidney disease can help in the accurate assessment of intrarenal damage. Hence, it is of utmost importance as a radiologist to determine resistive index in chronic kidney disease patients and guide the clinicians for efficient management.
Imaging findings of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma invading orbital apex and middle cranial fossa: a case report
Authors: Castellana Roberto , Fanelli Gianluca , Lunardi Gianmarco , Rosset Massimo , Piccolo Stefano , Ariozzi Irene , Oggero Mara , Castellana Roberto , Petti Pierpaolo , Alessi Monica , Natrella Massimiliano 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is an infrequent, highly vascular tumor that predominantly affects male adolescents. Although benign, it rarely may exhibit invasive growth, leading to significant morbidity, as in our case presentation. Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation and imaging, with MR and CT playing vital roles in confirming the tumor's presence, determining its extent, and aiding in treatment planning. MR shows a mass with signal voids at T2-weighted images and intense contrast enhancement at T1-weighted images, while CT shows bone remodeling and destruction. A biopsy is usually avoided due to bleeding risks.

Case presentation
We present a case of a 16-year-old male with nasal obstruction and recurrent epistaxis from the right nostril, headache, and mucopurulent rhinorrhea. Furthermore, he had vision impairment in the right eye for one week associated with proptosis and periorbital swelling. MR and CT imaging evidenced the presence of JNA with extensive involvement in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, pterygopalatine fossa, and infratemporal fossa. Moreover, the mass invaded the orbital apex and middle cranial fossa contacting the cavernous sinus and internal carotid artery. Preoperative embolization and complete surgical resection were performed. No complications occurred in the postoperative period and histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of JNA. No recurrences were found at 12 months MR follow-up.

Conclusions
Early detection and accurate imaging evaluation are essential for the effective management of JNA. Regular post-treatment MR follow-ups are crucial to detect recurrences or assess fibrosis stability. MR and CT continue to be indispensable tools in the diagnosis and follow-up of JNA.