bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Same-day testing with initiation of antiretroviral therapy or tuberculosis treatment versus standard care for persons presenting with tuberculosis symptoms at HIV diagnosis: A randomized unblinded trial
Authors: Dorvil Nancy , Rivera Vanessa R. , Riviere Cynthia , Berman Richard , Severe Patrice , Bang Heejung , Lavoile Kerlyne , Devieux Jessy G. , Faustin Mikerlyne , Saintyl Giovanni , Mendicuti Maria Duran , Pierre Samuel , Apollon Alexandra , Dumond Emelyne , Forestal Guyrlaine Pierre-Louise , Rouzier Vanessa , Marcelin Adias , McNairy Margaret L. , Walsh Kathleen F. , Dupnik Kathryn , Reif Lindsey K. , Byrne Anthony L. , Bousleiman Stephanie , Orvis Eli , Joseph Patrice , Cremieux Pierre-Yves , Pape Jean William , Koenig Serena P. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundSame-day HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation is being widely implemented. However, the optimal timing of ART among patients with tuberculosis (TB) symptoms is unknown. We hypothesized that same-day treatment would be superior to standard care in this population.Methods and FindingsWe conducted an open-label randomized trial among adults with TB symptoms at initial HIV diagnosis at GHESKIO in Haiti. Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to same-day treatment (same-day TB testing with same-day treatment [TB medication if TB; ART if no TB]) vs. standard care. In both groups, ART was initiated two weeks after TB treatment. The primary outcome was retention in care with 48-week HIV-1 RNA <200 copies/mL, with intention to treat analysis. From November 6, 2017 to January 16, 2020, 500 participants were randomized (250/group). Baseline TB was diagnosed in 40 (16.0%) in the standard and 48 (19.2%) in the same-day group; all initiated TB treatment. In the standard group, 245 (98.0%) initiated ART at median of 9 days; 6 (2.4%) died, 229 (91.6%) were retained, and 220 (88.0%) received 48-week HIV-1 RNA testing; 168 had <200 copies/mL (among randomized: 67.2%; among tested: 76.4%). In the same-day group, 249 (99.6%) initiated ART at median of 0 days; 9 (3.6%) died, 218 (87.2%) were retained, and 211 (84.4%) received 48-week HIV-1 RNA; 152 had <200 copies/mL (among randomized: 60.8%; among tested: 72.0%). There was no difference between groups in the primary outcome (60.8% vs. 67.2%; risk difference: -0.06; 95% CI: -0.15, 0.02; p=0.14). The main limitation of this study is that it was conducted at a single urban clinic, and the generalizability to other settings is uncertain.ConclusionsIn patients with TB symptoms at HIV diagnosis, same-day treatment is not associated with superior retention and viral suppression. A short delay in ART initiation, which facilitates more feasible TB testing, does not compromise outcomes.Trial RegistrationThis study is registered withClinicalTrials.govNCT03154320
Leveraging intelligent optimization for automated, cardiac-sparing accelerated partial breast treatment planning
Authors: Pogue Joel , Cardenas Carlos , Cao Yanan , Popple Richard , Soike Michael , Boggs Drexel , Stanley Dennis , Harms Joseph 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) yields similar rates of recurrence and cosmetic outcomes as compared to whole breast radiation therapy (RT) when patients and treatment techniques are appropriately selected. APBI combined with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a promising technique for precisely delivering high levels of radiation while avoiding uninvolved breast tissue. Here we investigate the feasibility of automatically generating high quality APBI plans in the Ethos adaptive workspace with a specific emphasis on sparing the heart.MethodsNine patients (10 target volumes) were utilized to iteratively tune an Ethos APBI planning template for automatic plan generation. Twenty patients previously treated on a TrueBeam Edge accelerator were then automatically replanned using this template without manual intervention or reoptimization. The unbiased validation cohort Ethos plans were benchmarked via adherence to planning objectives, a comparison of DVH and quality indices against the clinical Edge plans, and qualitative reviews by two board-certified radiation oncologists.Results85% (17/20) of automated validation cohort plans met all planning objectives; three plans did not achieve the contralateral lung V150cGy objective, but all other objectives were achieved. Compared to the Eclipse generated plans, the proposed Ethos template generated plans with greater evaluation planning target volume (PTV_Eval) V100% coverage (p= 0.01), significantly decreased heart V1500cGy (p< 0.001), and increased contralateral breast V500cGy, skin D0.01cc, and RTOG conformity index (p= 0.03,p= 0.03, andp= 0.01, respectively). However, only the reduction in heart dose was significant after correcting for multiple testing. Physicist-selected plans were deemed clinically acceptable without modification for 75% and 90% of plans by physicians A and B, respectively. Physicians A and B scored at least one automatically generated plan as clinically acceptable for 100% and 95% of planning intents, respectively.ConclusionsStandard left- and right-sided planning templates automatically generated APBI plans of comparable quality to manually generated plans treated on a stereotactic linear accelerator, with a significant reduction in heart dose compared to Eclipse generated plans. The methods presented in this work elucidate an approach for generating automated, cardiac-sparing APBI treatment plans for daily adaptive RT with high efficiency.
Lung cancer mortality in the wake of the changing smoking epidemic: a descriptive study of the global burden in 2020 and 2040
Authors: Wéber András , Morgan Eileen , Vignat Jerome , Laversanne Mathieu , Pizzato Margherita , Rumgay Harriet , Singh Deependra , Nagy Péter , Kenessey István , Soerjomataram Isabelle , Bray Freddie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in 2020, responsible for almost one in five (18.0%) deaths. This paper provides an overview of the descriptive epidemiology of lung cancer on the basis of national mortality estimates for 2020 from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and in the context of recent tobacco control policies.MethodsAge-standardized mortality rates per 100,000 person-years of lung cancer for 185 countries by sex were obtained from the GLOBOCAN 2020 database and stratified by Human Development Index (HDI). Lung cancer deaths were projected to 2040 based on demographic changes alongside scenarios of annually increasing, stable or decreasing rates from the baseline year of 2020.ResultsLung cancer mortality rates exhibited marked variations by geography and sex. Low HDI countries, many of them within sub-Saharan Africa, tend to have low levels of mortality and an upward trend in lung cancer deaths is predicted for both sexes until 2040 according to demographic projections, irrespective of trends in rates. In very high HDI countries, including Europe, Northern America and Australia/New Zealand, there are broadly decreasing trends in men whereas in women, rates are still increasing or reaching a plateau.ConclusionThe current and future burden of lung cancer in a country or region largely depends on the present trajectory of the smoking epidemic in its constituent populations, with distinct gender differences in smoking patterns, both in transitioning and transitioned countries. Further elevations in lung cancer mortality are expected worldwide, raising important social and political questions, especially in low- and middle-income countries.Strengths and limitations of this studyStrengthsThis studypresents a detailed profile of the present LC burden in men and women worldwide according to national levels of human development.applies a simple projection to estimate the future lung cancer mortality burden in 2040.discusses the results in the context of key risk factors for lung cancer, particularly the continually evolving smoking epidemic.LimitationsThis studyis hampered by the limited availability of local cause of death information from national vital registration sources, particularly in transitioning countries.
Integrating end-to-end learning with deep geometrical potentials forab initioRNA structure prediction
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Chengxin , Feng Chenjie , Freddolino Peter L. , Zhang Yang 
Published: December 2022

SummaryRNAs are fundamental in living cells and perform critical functions determined by the tertiary architectures. However, accurate modeling of 3D RNA structure remains a challenging problem. Here we present a novel method, DRfold, to predict RNA tertiary structures by simultaneous learning of local frame rotations and geometric restraints from experimentally solved RNA structures, where the learned knowledge is converted into a hybrid energy potential to guide subsequent RNA structure constructions. The method significantly outperforms previous approaches by >75.6% in TM-score on a nonredundant dataset containing recently released structures. Detailed analyses showed that the major contribution to the improvements arise from the deep end-to-end learning supervised with the atom coordinates and the composite energy function integrating complementary information from geometry restraints and end-to-end learning models. The open-source DRfold program allows large-scale application of high-resolution RNA structure modeling and can be further improved with future release of RNA structure databases.
Concrete made from waste paper sludge (WPS): a sustainable material
Authors: Kore Sudarshan Dattatraya , Rajput Babalu , Agarwal Anil , Pawar Amol 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThe growing quantity of waste is a worrying reality that has resulted in environmental sustainability challenges. Waste paper sludge (WPS) in large quantities from paper mill industry are produced every year. Their disposal in landfills, in general, pollutes the environment. Cement manufacture also contributes to global warming by emitting carbon dioxide. As a result, a novel use of industrial wastes as a supplemental cementitious ingredient in concrete formulation can help to mitigate the environmental problem. This paper aims to study the possibility of usage of WPS as partial replacements of cement for sustainable development of concrete.Design/methodology/approachThis study aims at testing the mechanical properties of concrete that has been mixed with WPS. Between 5% and 20% of the weight of cement, WPS was used to substitute it. The water binder ratios of 0.55, 0.50, 0.45 and 0.42 were all considered for an experiment to better understand the impact of WPS on concrete. In terms of workability, density, water absorption (WA), compressive strength (CS) and flexural strength (FS), concrete mixtures were created, tested and compared to traditional concrete mixes.FindingsAccording to the findings, the initial and final setting times of the concrete mixtures were both significantly delayed, and the workability and density of the concrete mixtures were both significantly lowered at all water binder ratios and replacement levels. Both compressive and FS of concrete made with WSP declined significantly at all water binder ratio. Substitution of cement by WPS enhanced the WA of all the concrete mixes. The mechanical performance of concrete mixtures that were made with a replacement level of 5% exhibited noticeable improvements. Whereas the more is the replacement levels the more the loss in the mechanical properties were noted. The ideal replacement levels for the WPS are up to 5% only.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature by exploring the ecological and sustainable effects of using WPS in construction materials.
BmTBP upregulates the transcription of BmSuc1 in silkworm (Bombyx mori) by binding to BmTfΙΙA‐S
Authors: Zhang Xinwei , Yang Liangli , Gan Quan , Jiang Song , Liang Dan , Gao Junshan , Meng Yan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe BmSuc1 gene, which encodes a novel animal‐type β‐fructofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.26), was first cloned and identified in silkworm (Bombyx mori). As an essential sucrase, the activity of BmSUC1 is unaffected by alkaloidal sugar mimics in mulberry leaves. This enzyme may also directly regulate the degree of sucrose hydrolysis in the silkworm midgut. In addition, BmSUC1 is involved in the synthesis of sericin 1 in the silk gland tissue. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of BmSuc1 transcription remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the BmSuc1 promoter activity using a dual‐luciferase reporter assay and identified 4 regions that are critical for transcriptional activation. The gene encoding a predicted transcription factor (TATA‐box‐binding protein; BmTBP) capable of binding to the core promoter regions was cloned. A quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated the gene was highly expressed in the midgut. Downregulating BmTBP expression via RNA interference decreased the expression of BmSuc1 at the transcript and protein levels. An electrophoretic mobility shift analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation indicated that BmTBP can bind to the TATA‐box cis‐regulatory element in the BmSuc1 promoter. Furthermore, a bioinformatics‐based analysis and a far‐western blot revealed the interaction between BmTBP and another transcription factor (BmTfIIA‐S). The luciferase reporter gene assay results confirmed that the BmTBP–BmTfIIA‐S complex increases the BmSuc1 promoter activity. Considered together, these findings suggest that BmTBP regulates BmSuc1 expression through its interaction with BmTfIIA‐S.
AI‐based runoff simulation based on remote sensing observations: A case study of two river basins in the United States and Canada
Authors: Parisouj Peiman , Mohammadzadeh Khani Hadi , Islam Md Feroz , Jun Changhyun , Bateni Sayed M. , Kim Dongkyun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractData‐driven techniques are used extensively for hydrologic time‐series prediction. We created various data‐driven models (DDMs) based on machine learning: long short‐term memory (LSTM), support vector regression (SVR), extreme learning machines, and an artificial neural network with backpropagation, to define the optimal approach to predicting streamflow time series in the Carson River (California, USA) and Montmorency (Canada) catchments. The moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow‐coverage dataset was applied to improve the streamflow estimate. In addition to the DDMs, the conceptual snowmelt runoff model was applied to simulate and forecast daily streamflow. The four main predictor variables, namely snow‐coverage (S‐C), precipitation (P), maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin), and their corresponding values for each river basin, were obtained from National Climatic Data Center and National Snow and Ice Data Center to develop the model. The most relevant predictor variable was chosen using the support vector machine‐recursive feature elimination feature selection approach. The results show that incorporating the MODIS snow‐coverage dataset improves the models' prediction accuracies in the snowmelt‐dominated basin. SVR and LSTM exhibited the best performances (root mean square error = 8.63 and 9.80) using monthly and daily snowmelt time series, respectively. In summary, machine learning is a reliable method to forecast runoff as it can be employed in global climate forecasts that require high‐volume data processing.
Altered profile of plasma phospholipids in woman with recurrent pregnancy loss and recurrent implantation failure treated with lipid emulsion therapy
Authors: Canella Paula Renata Bueno Campos , Vinces Salvador Sánchez , Silva Álex Aparecido Rosini , Sanches Pedro Henrique Godoy , Barini Ricardo , Porcari Andréia de Melo , Razolli Daniela Soares , Carvalho Patrícia de Oliveira 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) and Recurrent Implantation Failure (RIF) are highly heterogeneous condition and many of the mechanisms involved still require elucidation. The aim was to analyze the lipidomic profile in plasma of women with RPL and RIF before and after receiving the Lipid Emulsion Therapy (LET) containing 10% fish oil (SMOFlipid® 20%).MethodsThis study included twenty‐six women with RPL or RIF from immunological or inflammatory causes, with elevated natural killer cell levels and divided into a Pregnancy Loss or a Live Birth group according to the outcome. The women received intravenous LET and sample collecting was done before the first, third and fifth dose of LET in the pregnant women. Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QTOF MS) and multivariate statistical methods were performed to evaluate the profile of phospholipids present in the women's plasma.ResultsAn increase of phosphatidylcholines (PC) 40:8 and 36:5 levels with predominance of n6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was observed in plasma lipids of the Pregnancy Loss Group compared to Live Birth Group. We also observed an increase in the relative abundance of n3 PUFA‐PC species (42:10 and 36:6) and LysoPC 15:0 with the long term use of LET.ConclusionThe greater availability of n3 PUFA in plasma of the pregnant women stemming from LET use can be considered advantageous regarding the alteration of the phospholipid profile and its postulated anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory role.
Role of pontine sub‐laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (SLD) in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, cataplexy, and emotion
Authors: Fan Fang‐Fang , Vetrivelan Ramalingam , Yang Yi , Guo Zhen‐Ni , Lu Jun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPontine sub‐laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (SLD) is crucial for REM sleep. However, the necessary role of SLD for REM sleep, cataplexy that resembles REM sleep, and emotion memory by REM sleep has remained unclear. To address these questions, we focally ablated SLD neurons using adenoviral diphtheria‐toxin (DTA) approach and found that SLD lesions completely eliminated REM sleep accompanied by wake increase, significantly reduced baseline cataplexy amounts by 40% and reward (sucrose) induced cataplexy amounts by 70% and altered cataplexy EEG Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) from REM sleep‐like to wake‐like in orexin null (OXKO) mice. We then used OXKO animals with absence of REM sleep and OXKO controls and examined elimination of REM sleep in anxiety and fear extinction. Our resulted showed that REM sleep elimination significantly increased anxiety‐like behaviors in open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze test (EPM) and defensive aggression and impaired fear extinction. The data indicate that in OXKO mice the SLD is the sole generator for REM sleep; (2) the SLD selectively mediates REM sleep cataplexy (R‐cataplexy) that merges with wake cataplexy (W‐cataplexy); (3) REM sleep enhances positive emotion (sucrose induced cataplexy) response, reduces negative emotion state (anxiety), and promotes fear extinction.
Inflammatory profile of apical periodontitis exacerbated by cigarette smoke inhalation: Histological and immunohistochemical analysis in rats
Authors: Vasques Ana Maria Veiga , da Silva Ana Claudia Rodrigues , Bueno Carlos Roberto Emerenciano , Cury Marina Tolomei Sandoval , Ervolino Edilson , Cintra Luciano Tavares Angelo , Dezan Junior Eloi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI) on inflammation, pro‐inflammatory mediators and haematological parameters in rats with induced apical periodontitis (AP).MethodologyThirty‐two 3‐month‐old male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups (n = 8): C—Control; S—rats with CSI; AP—rats with AP; and SAP—rats with CSI + AP. Animals in groups S and SAP inhaled cigarette smoke by remaining inside a smoking chamber for 8 min, three times daily, for 50 days. After 20 days of smoke inhalation, animals in AP and SAP groups had the pulps of the lower right first molar exposed to oral environment for 30 days to induce AP. In these subsequent 30 days, animals in group S and SAP continued with CSI. On Day 50, animals were euthanized and mandibles were histologically processed to assess inflammatory infiltrate, immunohistochemical interleukins (IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α), and blood samples collected for laboratory analysis. The Mann–Whitney test was performed for non‐parametric data and the pairwise analyses of Student's t‐test for parametric data, with a significance level of p < .050.ResultsInflammatory infiltrate was moderate in AP group and more severe in the SAP (p = .010). The interleukins IL‐6, IL‐1β and TNF‐α were higher in SAP group (p < .001) when compared to the AP group. A greater number of red blood cells (p = .010), haemoglobin (p = .007) and neutrophils (p = .014) were observed in the SAP group in comparison with the AP group.ConclusionCigarette smoke inhalation induced a more severe inflammatory infiltrate, with increased levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and changes in haematological parameters in rats with induced AP. Thus, CSI aggravated AP, exacerbating the inflammatory response.
Attitudinal stance toward translanguaging in Saudi Arabia: A mixed method case study
Authors: Alharbi Majed Abdullah , Alqefari Abdulrahman Nasser 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith the global demand to engage in a reflexive critique of using English‐only as a medium of instruction, teachers of English in higher education need to find ways to support and scaffold students in the process of learning, and translanguaging (TL), as defined by García and Lin, could be a useful tool for this purpose. Teaching English in Saudi higher education is a worthwhile context to investigate the pervasive practices of TL due to the immense variety of Englishes spoken, varying Arabic dialects spoken in the classes, and the fact that English students are seen as emerging bilingual/cultural students. This study aims to unpack teachers’ attitudes toward TL in Saudi Arabia as well as the ideological underpinnings of those attitudes in order to gauge the openness of teachers to this potentially useful practice. We sought to understand how TL is used as a practice and theory that empowers English language students while tapping into their available resources in the process of learning. Data were collected through a survey and then followed by semi‐structured interviews of five university English language professors. Findings of the current study, especially the interviews, suggested that teachers of English in the Saudi context realize that incorporating more than one cultural, dialectal, and linguistic code in the classroom is a natural, humanistic phenomenon. Results also showed that participants in the present study were ambivalent about its use for ideological, institutional, and pedagogical reasons. The study concludes that TL is viewed favorably by English as a foreign language teachers when both teachers and students share common linguistic and cultural backgrounds. The study implies that teachers and stakeholders can embrace a rhetoric of differences in their classrooms rather than a unitary, one‐sided way of meaning‐making.