bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malnutrition risk, outcomes, and costs among older adults undergoing elective surgical procedures: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Le Bill , Flier Suzanne , Madill Janet , Joyes Catherine , Dawson Emily , Wellington Chris , Adekunte Shadia , Cheng Davy , John‐Baptiste Ava 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe examine here the association between malnutrition risk and adverse health outcomes among older adult patients undergoing elective surgical procedures.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study using linked clinical and administrative databases. Malnutrition risk was assessed prior to surgery, defined by unintentional weight loss and decreased food intake. We performed a logistic regression analysis of the primary outcome, a composite adverse outcome measure, including death, bleeding, pneumonia, and other surgical complications. We conducted Fine‐Gray proportional hazard regression analysis of hospital length of stay (LOS). We performed a generalized linear regression analysis of in‐hospital cost data. All regression analyses controlled for frailty, age, sex, surgical category, and comorbidities.ResultsOf a total of 3457 older adult elective surgical patients (65–102 years), 310 (9.0%) screened positive for malnutrition risk. In multivariable regression analyses, malnutrition risk was associated with an increased risk of the composite adverse outcome (odds ratio [OR] = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.25–2.39), higher hospitalization costs (relative cost = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.59–2.13), and a decreased risk of discharge from the hospital (hazard ratio = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.59–0.77) compared with those who screened negative.ConclusionOlder adult patients with malnutrition risk were at an increased risk of adverse surgical outcomes, had longer LOS in the hospital, and incurred higher costs of care. It is important to screen for malnutrition risk and refer older adults for dietetic consults prior to elective surgery.
Challenges and career consequences of internationally educated nurses: Empirical research qualitative
Authors: Miyata Chiharu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo explore challenges, and career consequences of internationally educated nurses, and considerations of development policy, education, and support for them from the perspective of nursing administrators.DesignThis study applied a qualitative description design.MethodsA semi‐structured interview guideline were used, interviewed eight internationally educated nurses and nine nursing administrators were chosen based on a purposive sampling method. Each interview was recorded and transcribed, after which it was analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method.ResultsThree categories were extracted as the challenges and career consequences, and the support they expect to organization of internationally educated nurses: “Language barrier,” “Transition to recover their confidence and increase motivation,” and “Close support from many quarters”. Four categories were extracted as key considerations of support to internationally educated nurses that nursing administrators had recognized: “Clarification of career path”, “Support for insufficient language skills”, “Support for their career reconstruction”, “Comprehensive support”. This research found that nursing administrators had recognized necessity of adequate work‐related support, it almost met the needs of internationally educated nurses. we need to make a clear policy how to develop internationally educated nurses as valuable human resource based on the evidence of further research relate to support practiced at each facility.Patient or Public ContributionThere was no patient and public involvement since I only conducted interview to nurses in this study.
Structuring group work to provide a more positive student learning experience
Authors: Boerngen Maria A. , Rickard Justin W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGroup projects enable students to build valuable critical thinking and communication skills that are increasingly required for success in the agricultural industry. Group projects provide well‐documented benefits; however, associated challenges lead to student and instructor reluctance to engage in group work in the college classroom. Well‐structured group projects may allow greater focus on achieving learning objectives and less on conflict management. Therefore, this study examines how group project structure may affect students’ learning experiences and perception of group work. Students enrolled in a senior‐level agribusiness management course complete a semester‐long group project, working in instructor‐assigned groups, to design a business plan for an agri‐food industry start‐up company. It is structured to encourage teamwork and soft skill development, and to discourage social loafing. Questionnaires administered prior to, halfway through, and at the end of the project during seven face‐to‐face semesters preceding the COVID remote learning period identify students’ prior group project experiences, evaluate their groups’ progress, and measure their perception of the project's structural elements upon completion. Responses indicated 98% of students agreed that scaffolding the project into smaller components increased group success, 96% agreed that they clearly understood professor expectations, and 85% reported that this project provided more structure than they previously experienced in other group projects in college. A paired‐samples t‐test found a significantly positive increase in students’ mean opinion about group projects upon the completion of this project (p < 0.001). This study suggests structural elements that can provide students with a more positive learning experience through group work.
STARC OSTEOARCH: An open access resource for recording and sharing human osteoarchaeological data
Authors: Caruso Antonio , Karligkioti Anna , Selempa Gkampriella , Nikita Efthymia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces an open access resource for recording and sharing macroscopic data on archaeological human skeletal remains: STARC OSTEOARCH. The resource was developed using a cloud collaboration service, Airtable, and it accommodates data collection on individual skeletons as well as disassociated commingled remains. The attributes covered include key information on demography (sex and age‐at‐death), taphonomy (zonation, anatomical preservation, weathering, fragmentation, and other types of post‐mortem alteration), diet (dental diseases and dental wear), mechanical stress (entheseal changes, osteoarthritis, Schmorl's nodes, and vertebral arthritis), biodistances (cranial metrics and nonmetrics and dental metrics and nonmetrics), and various pathological lesions. References and key descriptions of the categories per attribute have been incorporated in the resource to facilitate raw data sharing, which can be achieved using Airtable's sharing functionality. This initiative aims at promoting standard practices in the field and facilitating data collection and sharing.
Long‐term cancer outcomes after bariatric surgery
Authors: Adams Ted D. , Meeks Huong , Fraser Alison , Davidson Lance E. , Holmen John , Newman Michael , Ibele Anna R. , Playdon Mary , Hardikar Sheetal , Richards Nathan , Hunt Steven C. , Kim Jaewhan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveObesity is associated with increased cancer risk. Because of the substantial and sustained weight loss following bariatric surgery, postsurgical patients are ideal to study the association of weight loss and cancer.MethodsRetrospectively (1982–2019), 21,837 bariatric surgery patients (surgery, 1982–2018) were matched 1:1 by age, sex, and BMI with a nonsurgical comparison group. Procedures included gastric bypass, gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy, and duodenal switch. Primary outcomes included cancer incidence and mortality, stratified by obesity‐ and non‐obesity‐related cancers, sex, cancer stage, and procedure.ResultsBariatric surgery patients had a 25% lower risk of developing any cancers compared with a nonsurgical comparison group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.75; 95% CI 0.69–0.81; p < 0.001). Cancer incidence was lower among female (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.62–0.74; p < 0.001) but not male surgery patients, with the HR lower for females than for males (p < 0.001). Female surgery patients had a 41% lower risk for obesity‐related cancers (i.e., breast, ovarian, uterine, and colon) compared with nonsurgical females (HR 0.59; 95% CI 0.52–0.66; p < 0.001). Cancer mortality was significantly lower after surgery in females (HR 0.53; 95% CI 0.44–0.64; p < 0.001).ConclusionsBariatric surgery was associated with lower all‐cancer and obesity‐related cancer incidence among female patients. Cancer mortality was significantly lower among females in the surgical group versus the nonsurgical group.
How images of food become cravingly salient in obesity
Authors: Devoto Francantonio , Ferrulli Anna , Banfi Giuseppe , Luzi Livio , Zapparoli Laura , Paulesu Eraldo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis case‐control study was aimed at testing two main hypotheses: (i) obesity is characterized by neurofunctional alterations within the mesocorticolimbic reward system, a brain network originating from the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA); and (ii) these alterations are associated with a bias for food‐related stimuli and craving.MethodsNormal‐weight individuals and individuals with obesity underwent a resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan and the assessment of impulsivity, food craving, appetite, and implicit bias for food and non‐food stimuli. The VTA was used as a seed to map, for each participant, the strength of its functional connections with the rest of the brain. The between‐group difference in functional connectivity was then computed, and brain‐behavior correlations were performed.ResultsIndividuals with obesity showed hyper‐connectivity of the VTA with part of the ventral occipitotemporal cortex, recently found to be specialized for food images, and hypo‐connectivity with the left inferior frontal gyrus, devoted to cognitive control. VTA–ventral occipitotemporal cortex connectivity was positively associated with food craving and food‐related bias; the reverse correlation was observed for VTA–inferior frontal gyrus connectivity.ConclusionsThese findings reveal that, in obesity, food‐related visual stimuli become cravingly salient through an imbalanced connectivity of the reward system with sensory‐specific regions and the frontal cortex involved in cognitive control.
Diagnostic and Management Applications of ChatGPT in Structured Otolaryngology Clinical Scenarios
Authors: Qu Roy W. , Qureshi Uneeb , Petersen Garrett , Lee Steve C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical applications and limitations of chat generative pretrained transformer (ChatGPT) in otolaryngology.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.SettingTertiary academic center.MethodsChatGPT 4.0 was queried for diagnoses and management plans for 20 physician‐written clinical vignettes in otolaryngology. Attending physicians were then asked to rate the difficulty of the clinical vignettes and agreement with the differential diagnoses and management plans of ChatGPT responses on a 5‐point Likert scale. Summary statistics were calculated. Univariate ordinal regression was then performed between vignette difficulty and quality of the diagnoses and management plans.ResultsEleven attending physicians completed the survey (61% response rate). Overall, vignettes were rated as very easy to neutral difficulty (range of median score: 1.00‐4.00; overall median 2.00). There was a high agreement with the differential diagnosis provided by ChatGPT (range of median score: 3.00‐5.00; overall median: 5.00). There was also high agreement with treatment plans (range of median score: 3.00‐5.00; overall median: 5.00). There was no association between vignette difficulty and agreement with differential diagnosis or treatment. Lower diagnosis scores had greater odds of having lower treatment scores.ConclusionGenerative artificial intelligence models like ChatGPT are being rapidly adopted in medicine. Performance with curated, easy‐to‐moderate difficulty otolaryngology scenarios indicate high agreement with physicians for diagnosis and management. However, a decreased quality in diagnosis is associated with decreased quality in management. Further research is necessary on ChatGPT's ability to handle unstructured clinical information.
A novel PVA/MWCNTs hydrogel with high toughness and electromagnetic shielding properties
Authors: Xu Yuhuan , Tan Yanyan , Xue Yu , Pei Meng , Zhang Daohai , Liu Shan , Qin Shuhao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are widely utilized as conductive fillers due to their high conductivity, lightweight, and ease of modification. However, their poor dispersion limits their otherwise excellent performance. In this study, we successfully prepared a high toughness, strong electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding hydrogel by blending polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified by anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (KH550). We found that the modifiers can not only promote the uniform dispersion of MWCNTs but also improve the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. The results demonstrate that the stress (≈14.86 MPA), elongation at break (233.9%), and compressive strength (≈2.89 MPA) of PVA/MWCNTs composite hydrogel with 1 wt% MWCNTs and 5 wt% PVA were increased by 533.6%, 241.4%, and 206.5%, respectively. Encouragingly, the total electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SET) is 123.6 dB at a thickness of 5 mm. In summary, this work provides a general approach to functionalizing MWCNTs, which has great potential for developing EMI shielding materials with high toughness.
Eosinophilic plastic bronchitis: Case series and review of the literature
Authors: Gipsman Alexander I. , Feld Lance , Johnson Brandy , Needleman Joshua P. , Boas Heather , Lin Nancy , DePasquale Brittany , Pogoriler Jennifer , McDowell Karen M. , Piccione Joseph C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPlastic bronchitis is a term used to describe group of life‐threatening disorders characterized by the presence of large obstructing casts in the airways. Eosinophilic plastic bronchitis is a subtype of plastic bronchitis that occurs mainly in children and has not been well‐described in the literature. Patients may have a history of asthma or atopy, but many do not. They often present with cough and wheezing, and frequently have complete collapse of one lung seen on imaging. The severity of presentation varies depending on the location of the casts, ranging from mild symptoms to severe airway obstruction and death. Bronchoscopy is often required to both diagnose and treat this condition. A variety of medical therapies have been used, although no formal studies have evaluated their efficacy. Symptoms may resolve after initial cast removal, but in some patients, cast formation recurs. Here, we report a case series of nine patients with eosinophilic plastic bronchitis and review the existing literature of this condition.
Comparative analysis of sublimation and thermal decomposition of TATB
Authors: Koroglu Batikan , Burnham Alan K. , Mashiana Imren , Racoveanu Ana , Arose Christopher , Crowhurst Jonathan C. , Reynolds John G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis experimental study investigated the effects of confinement, starting mass, and heating rate on TATB thermal decomposition and sublimation using a combined Thermo‐Gravimetric Analyzer and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TGA/DSC) instrument. The confinement of volatile products was varied using different pinhole sizes with TGA/DSC pans. The measurements showed the open pan experiments without lids/pinholes resulted in complete sublimation of TATB between 320 °C and 360 °C. The heat of sublimation was determined to be 176 kJ/mol (42 kcal /mol), consistent with literature data obtained from other experimental techniques. The use of pinholes suppressed the sublimation of TATB such that the decrease in pinhole size resulted in 1) an increase in the enthalpy of reaction and an increase in the amount of carbonaceous material remaining at the end of decomposition, and 2) convergence of the two peak temperatures corresponding to maximum heat flow and maximum weight loss. Also, a transition from a two‐exotherm thermal decomposition behavior towards a single‐exotherm occurred as the pinhole size was decreased for a given starting mass or as the starting mass was increased for a given pinhole size. These results indicate the kinetics of TATB sublimation, TATB thermal decomposition, and gas diffusion out of a TGA/DSC pan can all compete and result in significantly different enthalpies, amounts of remaining materials, and peak temperatures depending on the pinhole size and starting mass used in the measurements. The results also indicate precise control of process variables (pinhole size, starting mass, and heating rate) in TGA/DSC measurements is required for thermal safety assessment of explosives.
The difference in multifidus muscle morphology and motor control in non‐specific low back pain with clinical lumbar instability and healthy subjects: A case‐control study
Authors: Abdelaty Eman Masry , Shendy Salwa , Lotfy Osama , Hassan Karima Abdelaty 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundLow back pain (LBP) with clinical lumbar instability (CLI) is considered a subgroup of back pain. Poor core stability function and/or lack of motor controls are thought to play a role in inappropriate inter‐segmental movements and pain. There is no study investigating the changes in the lumbar multifidus muscle (LMM) morphology and motor control in this subgroup of patients.ObjectiveTo assess motor control components and morphological changes of LMM in the patients suffering from chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP) with CLI.DesignObservational case‐control study.MethodsThirty‐two patients suffering from (CNSLBP) with CLI and 32 healthy individuals were included. The muscle force element of lumbar motor control was assessed by using (the active straight‐leg raise test, leg lowering test, and Trendelenburg test). Ultrasonography was used to assess changes in the LMM morphology.ResultsThere was a significant decrease in motor control (p = 0.0001), an increase in LMM fatty infiltration (p = 0.002), and a decrease in the thickness of LMM in patients suffering from CNSLBP during contraction (p = 0.006), during rest (p = 0.018). The cross‐section area of the LMM showed no statistically significant differences during rest on the right and left sides (p = 0.827, 0.220 respectively) and contraction (p = 0.160, 0.278 respectively) between patients and healthy subjects.ConclusionMotor control and the morphology of LMM in patients with CNSLBP with CLI may provide insight into the mechanisms of underlying pain and their effect on muscle function and structure.
New and rapid visual detection assay for Trogoderma granarium everts based on recombinase polymerase amplification and CRISPR/Cas12a
Authors: Zeng Lingyu , Zheng Sizhu , Stejskal Vaclav , Opit George , Aulicky Radek , Li Zhihong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDKhapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts), one of the most important quarantine pests globally, is capable of causing severe infestation and huge economic loss to stored grain, and its interception rate has increased in major global trade countries over the past few years. However, difficulties remain in distinguishing this species with similar ones. In order to assist border ports and warehouses in khapra beetle's effective rapid identification as well as pest control at the early stages of monitoring or interception, we herein developed a new and rapid visual detection assay for T. granarium based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and the CRISPR/Cas12a system.RESULTSWe designed and selected the first khapra beetle‐specific RPA primers and crRNA, and optimized the visualization reaction system (Cas12a/CrRNA = 100 nM/500 nM). With only a 37 °C‐heat‐source and a blue light torch, RPA and CRISPR/CAS12a‐based visualization assays can be completed within 40 min to differentiate between khapra beetle and nine similar Dermestidae species. After DNA extraction using a kit (4–5 h) or a simple method (5 min), the specific amplicons were obtained after a 15 min RPA reaction at 37 °C, followed by a 15 min color reaction under 37 °C in dark conditions using a CRISPR/CAS12a system and a fluorescent probe (5′‐FAM/3′‐BHQ1 labeled). This method is ingenious to low levels of DNA (10−1 ng μL−1) and meets the sensitivity requirements for detecting a single khapra beetle's egg (≈0.7 mm).CONCLUSIONOur specificity and sensitivity analysis inferred that the present visualization system is effective to quickly and uniquely detect khapra beetle at room temperature (37 °C), thereby preventing this species before they spread widely. Our study is suitable for being pushed forward in storage pest management, and provides value as a reference for monitoring and identification of other pests. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Pharmacokinetic evaluation of 24 representative components of Ling‐Gui‐Zhu‐Gan decoction in acute myocardial infarction model rats via a validated ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method
Authors: Li Jing , Ge Ruirui , Wang Feng , Gu Jinfan , Zuo Mengyu , Tang Tongjuan , Ge Xinru , Niu Yingchao , Wang Liang , Huang Jinling , Chen Jian 
Published: August 2023

RationaleLing‐Gui‐Zhu‐Gan decoction (LGZGD), one of the 100 herbal classic formulas, is clinically used to treat chronic heart failure with remarkable curative effect. However, LGZGD pharmacokinetic parameters in pathological model rats are poorly understood, in particular for special components. As physicochemical properties are specific to each representative component, no standard sample preparation is available for absolute quantification of representative components of LGZGD in rat plasma.MethodsA specific, sensitive and high‐throughput ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS) method capturing 24 representative components was developed and applied to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of LGZGD in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rat plasma after intragastric administration (2.4, 4.8 and 9.6 g/kg). Precipitation and extraction were selected and optimized for plasma preparation, and isopropanol precipitation could offer higher recovery and broader coverage.ResultsIt was expected that AMI could cause less absorption and slower elimination of most of active components of LGZGD. Most of newly reported special components absorbed quickly and eliminated slowly. The average elimination half‐life of the 24 representative components was 10.09 h, which is consistent with the dosage of LGZGD (twice daily).ConclusionsThe specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy, recovery, matrix effect and stability were validated according to Food and Drug Administration guidance. The validation results demonstrated that the method could be applied to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of LGZGD in AMI rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters showed substantial improvement in quality research of LGZGD, thereby laying the groundwork for preclinical and clinical trials in chronic heart failure clinical efficacy.