bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonhuman Primates in Public Health: Between Biological Standardization, Conservation and Care
Authors: Druglitrø Tone 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBy the mid-1960s, nonhuman primates had become key experimental organisms for vaccine development and testing, and was seen by many scientists as important for the future success of this field as well as other biomedical undertakings. A major hindrance to expanding the use of nonhuman primates was the dependency on wild-captured animals. In addition to unreliable access and poor animal health, procurement of wild primates involved the circulation of infectious diseases and thus also public health hazards. This paper traces how the World Health Organization (WHO) became involved in the issue of primate supply, and shows how by the late 1960s concerns for vaccine development and the conservation of wildlife began to converge. How did the WHO navigate public health and animal health? What characterized the response and with what implications for humans and animals? The paper explores how technical standards of care were central to managing the conflicting concerns of animal and human health, biological standardization, and conservation. While the WHO’s main aim was to prevent public health risks, I argue that imposing new standards of care implied establishing new hierarchies of humans and animals, and cultures of care.
The Legal and the Literary: Cultural Perspectives on Brexit
Authors: Nicolini Matteo , Fiorato Sidia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe essay introduces a special issue on Brexit. Instead of merely focusing on its legal implications, this issue undertakes an examination of the UK leaving the EU from a law-and-humanities perspective. The legal analysis is therefore complemented by a broader assessment of the social and cultural features of Brexit, also extending over the complexity of the present and the incertitude posed by its future. Brexit is also a matter of reimagination; constitutional and literary issues thus coalesce towards a transdisciplinary dialogue. To this extent, the collected essays engage with Brexlit, i.e. novels and essays, political pamphlets, and other writings prompted by Brexit. The aim is to explore the doubts, fears, and threats that still haunt the UK after leaving the EU, paying particular attention to the development of new narrative strategies and forms capable of reflecting and giving expression to the new Brexit identities.
The Logic of Lexical Connectives
Authors: Sbardolini Giorgio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNatural language does not express all connectives definable in classical logic as simple lexical items. Coordination in English is expressed by conjunction and, disjunction or, and negated disjunction nor. Other languages pattern similarly. Non-lexicalized connectives are typically expressed compositionally: in English, negated conjunction is typically expressed by combining negation and conjunction (not both). This is surprising: if $$\wedge $$
∧
and $$\vee $$
∨
are duals, and the negation of the latter can be expressed lexically (nor), why not the negation of the former? I present a two-tiered model of the semantics of the binary connectives. The first tier captures the expressive power of the lexicon: it is a bilateral state-based semantics that, under a restriction, can express all and only the distinctions that can be expressed by the lexicon of natural language (and, or, nor). This first tier is characterized by rejection as non-assertion and a Neglect Zero assumption. The second tier is obtained by dropping the Neglect Zero assumption and enforcing a stronger notion of rejection, thereby recovering classical logic and thus definitions for all Boolean connectives. On the two-tiered model, we distinguish the limited expressive resources of the lexicon and the greater combinatorial expressive power of the language as a whole. This gives us a logic-based account of compositionality for the Boolean fragment of the language.
Secrets of the clouded leopard: abundance, habitat use and carnivore coexistence in tropical forest of Manas National Park, Assam, India
Authors: Bhatt Urjit , Lyngdoh Salvador 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe mainland clouded leopardNeofelis nebulosais categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and considered at high risk of extinction in the wild. Despite this, knowledge of its ecology and population status remains limited. We investigated the population density, habitat utilization and spatial and temporal ecology of the clouded leopard in Manas National Park, north-east India. We deployed camera traps across the forested habitats of Manas for 11,388 trap-nights, resulting in images of 12 clouded leopard individuals. The estimated population density was 1.73 individuals per 100 km2and the relative abundance index was 0.18 per 100 trap-nights. The availability of small prey species and primary forests influenced clouded leopard habitat use significantly, highlighting the potential conservation importance of species such as hares, gallinaceous birds, porcupines and primates. We observed a high degree of temporal overlap (> 0.70), with distinct activity peaks, between clouded leopards and sympatric carnivores. We observed no spatial co-occurrence pattern between clouded leopards and sympatric carnivores. This study contributes to our understanding of the mainland clouded leopard population and its behavioural ecology in Manas National Park.
Effectiveness and safety of caplacizumab in acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: health technology assessment and classification according to the methodology established in Colombia
Authors: Soto-Mora Jahir A. , Gómez-Espitia Lina M. , Lasalvia Pieralessandro , Castellanos Moreno Camilo A. , Casallas Vanegas Carol A. , Londoño Gutiérrez Sergio A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP) is a rare hematological disease whose clinical management includes caplacizumab along with plasma exchange and immunosuppression, according to international guidelines. Caplacizumab has been available in Colombia since 2022. This study seeks to determine the therapeutic classification of caplacizumab according to the methodology of the Instituto de Evaluación Tecnológica en Salud.

Methods
The classification was carried out through a deliberative process following the modified Delphi technique, with a panel of experts, made up of four hemato-oncologists, a pharmaceutical chemist, and a patient. The results of effectiveness and safety obtained through a systematic review, therapeutic thresholds (clinical significance), and degree of acceptability (willingness to use the technology) were used for the classification.

Results
Fourteen effectiveness and safety outcomes were submitted for the classification process. Caplacizumab showed clinical significance for some effectiveness outcomes, was not considered inferior in terms of safety, and displayed acceptability of use. Through consensus, the panel determined that caplacizumab plus the standard regimen is superior to the standard regimen in terms of treatment response and composite outcome, and no different for the other effectiveness and safety outcomes. Likewise, in overall terms, the panel determined that caplacizumab together with the standard regimen is superior to the standard regimen.

Conclusion
Treatment with caplacizumab together with the standard regimen was considered superior to the standard regimen for the treatment of patients with aTTP, as it showed clinically significant benefits in critical outcomes for decision making, and a safety profile no different to its comparator.
Infrastructural Thinking in China: A Research Agenda
Authors: Rippa Alessandro , Oakes Tim 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite China's leading role in the construction of infrastructure over the past decades, the most influential paradigms for the study of infrastructure in the social sciences originate from research conducted elsewhere. This introduction to the special section “Chinese Infrastructure: Techno-politics, Materialities, Legacies” seeks to address this apparent gap, and contributes to building an innovative research agenda for an infrastructural approach in the China studies field. To do so, it pushes forward an understanding of infrastructure as both an empirically rich material object of research and an analytical strategy for framing research questions. We draw from two strands of inquiry: recent efforts to rethink the materiality of infrastructures not as an inert or stable basis upon which more dynamic social processes emerge, but rather as unstable assemblages of human and non-human agencies; and scholarship that explores the often hidden (techno-)political dimensions of infrastructures, through which certain intended and unintended outcomes emerge less from the realms of policy and implementation and more from the material dispositions and effects of infrastructural formations. These strands of inquiry are brought together as part of our effort to recognize that the infrastructural basis of China's approach to development and statecraft deserves a more concerted theorizing of infrastructure than we have seen thus far.
AN EXAMINATION OF THE “LANIER WING” DESIGN
Authors: STOKES Y. M. , SWEATMAN W. L. , HOCKING G. C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSix patents were secured by E. H. Lanier from 1930 to 1933 for aeroplane designs that were intended to be exceptionally stable. A feature of five of these was a flow-induced “vacuum chamber” which was thought to provide superior stability and increased lift compared to typical wing designs. Initially, this chamber was in the fuselage, but later designs placed it in the wing by replacing a section of the upper skin of the wing with a series of angled slats. We report upon an investigation of the Lanier wing design using inviscid aerodynamic theory and viscous numerical simulations. This took place at the 2005 Australia–New Zealand Mathematics-in-Industry Study Group. The evidence from this investigation does not support the claims but, rather, suggests that any improvement in lift and/or stability seen in the few prototypes that were built was, most probably, due to thicker airfoils than were typical at the time.
Diversity in Indian wheat (T. aestivumL.) germplasm for various agro-morphological traits
Authors: Sabhyata Sabhyata , Gupta Arun , Aggarwal Diwakar , Tiwari Ratan , Singh Gyanendra , Singh Gyanendra Pratap 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA better understanding of diversity in landraces is essential for planning crosses for the development of trait specific varieties with better adaptability and stability. In the present study, 120 wheat genotypes comprised of landraces, genetic stocks, released varieties and improved genotypes were evaluated in randomized block design for 14 agro-morphological traits. The clustering method and principal component analysis (PCA) programme of Statistical Package for Agricultural Research (SPAR1) was used for grouping the genotypes. These 120 genotypes were grouped into nine clusters based on agro-morphological traits. These nine clusters differed significantly on the basis of mean values for 14 agro-morphological traits. PCA showed that the two principal components (PC1 to PC2) exhibited about 49% of the total variability. Scatter plot was constructed by plotting scores of PC1 and PC2. Based on mean values obtained over two years, the diverse superior genotypes were identified for utilization in hybridization programme. From the present study, we conclude that cluster analysis grouped the landraces with greater agro-morphological similarity into one group rather than geographical isolation indicating that geographical origin may not be the only factor causing diversity. Further, released varieties exhibited superiority for grain yield, while many landraces had higher values for number of tillers in a meter, biomass and thousand-grain weight (TGW). Thus, for the improvement in TGW in released varieties, the hybridization between superior landraces for TGW from cluster ‘E’ and released wheat varieties from cluster ‘C’ could give desirable segregates.
Clergy-lay political (mis)alignment in 2019–2020
Authors: Roso Joseph , Chaves Mark 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe use data from the new and nationally representative National Survey of Religious Leaders, supplemented with the 2018 General Social Survey, to examine the extent to which clergy are politically aligned with people in their congregations. Two assessments of alignment—clergy reports of how their political views compare to the political views held by most people in their congregations, and comparisons between clergy and lay voting preferences in the 2016 election—yield the same findings. Clergy in Black Protestant and predominantly white evangelical churches are much more likely to be politically aligned with their people than are Catholic or, especially, white mainline Protestant clergy, who often are more liberal than their people. Contrary to media reports suggesting that evangelical clergy are now likely to be less conservative than their people, the vast majority are either politically aligned with, or more conservative than, their members.
A systematic review exploring the association between the human gut microbiota and brain connectivity in health and disease
Authors: Mulder Danique , Aarts Esther , Arias Vasquez Alejandro , Bloemendaal Mirjam 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA body of pre-clinical evidence shows how the gut microbiota influence brain functioning, including brain connectivity. Linking measures of brain connectivity to the gut microbiota can provide important mechanistic insights into the bi-directional gut-brain communication. In this systematic review, we therefore synthesized the available literature assessing this association, evaluating the degree of consistency in microbiota-connectivity associations. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a PubMed search was conducted, including studies published up to September 1, 2022. We identified 16 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Several bacterial genera, including Prevotella, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Blautia, and Collinsella were most frequently reported in association with brain connectivity. Additionally, connectivity of the salience (specifically the insula and anterior cingulate cortex), default mode, and frontoparietal networks were most frequently associated with the gut microbiota, both in terms of microbial diversity and composition. There was no discernible pattern in the association between microbiota and brain connectivity. Altogether, based on our synthesis, there is evidence for an association between the gut microbiota and brain connectivity. However, many findings were poorly replicated across studies, and the specificity of the association is yet unclear. The current studies show substantial inter-study heterogeneity in methodology and reporting, limiting the robustness and reproducibility of the findings and emphasizing the need to harmonize methodological approaches. To enhance comparability and replicability, future research should focus on further standardizing processing pipelines and employing data-driven multivariate analysis strategies.
Highly efficient production and purification of fructoseviaglucose isomerization by calcium chloride and triethylamine
Authors: Guo Zhaohui , Pedersen Christian Marcus , Chang Honghong , Wang Yingxiong , Qiao Yan 
Published: July 2023

CaCl2and Et3N promoted glucose isomerization cooperatively, the generated fructose with CaCl2 and Et3N form the α-fructofuranose complex, which shifted the reaction equilibrium towards fructose formation and precipitated fructose from the mixture.
The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph for the James Webb Space Telescope. III. Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy
Authors: Albert Loïc , Lafrenière David , Doyon René , Artigau Étienne , Volk Kevin , Goudfrooij Paul , Martel André R. , Radica Michael , Rowe Jason , Espinoza Néstor , Roy Arpita , Filippazzo Joseph C. , Darveau-Bernier Antoine , Talens Geert Jan , Sivaramakrishnan Anand , Willott Chris J. , Fullerton Alexander W. , LaMassa Stephanie , Hutchings John B. , Rowlands Neil , Begoña Vila M. , Zhou Julia , Aldridge David , Maszkiewicz Michael , Beaulieu Mathilde , Cook Neil J. , Piaulet Caroline , Roy Pierre-Alexis , Lamontagne Pierrot , Morel Kim , Frost William , Salhi Salma , Coulombe Louis-Philippe , Benneke Björn , MacDonald Ryan J. , Johnstone Doug , Turner Jake D. , Fournier-Tondreau Marylou , Allart Romain , Kaltenegger Lisa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph instrument (NIRISS) is the Canadian Space Agency contribution to the suite of four science instruments of the James Webb Space Telescope. As one of the three NIRISS observing modes, the Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy (SOSS) mode is tailor-made to undertake time-series observations of exoplanets to perform transit spectroscopy. The SOSS permits observing point sources between 0.6 and 2.8 μm at a resolving power of 650 at 1.25 μm using a slitless cross-dispersing grism while its defocussing cylindrical lens enables observing targets as bright as J = 6.7 by spreading light across 23 pixels along the cross-dispersion axis. This paper officially presents the design of the SOSS mode, its operation, characterization, and its performance, from ground-based testing and flight-based commissioning. On-sky measurements demonstrate a peak photon conversion efficiency of 55% at 1.2 μm. The first time series on the A-type star BD+60°1753 achieves a flux stability close to the photon-noise limit, so far tested to a level of 20 parts per million on a 40 minute timescale after simply subtracting a long-term trend. Uncorrected 1/f noise residuals underneath the spectral traces add an extra source of noise equivalent to doubling the readout noise. Preliminary analysis of an HAT-P-14b transit time series indicates that it is difficult to remove all of the noise in pixels with partially saturated ramps. Overall, the SOSS delivers performance at the level required to tackle key exoplanetary science programs such as detecting secondary atmospheres on terrestrial planets and measuring abundances of several chemical species in gas giants.
Association of physician burnout with perceived EHR work stress and potentially actionable factors
Authors: Tai-Seale Ming , Baxter Sally , Millen Marlene , Cheung Michael , Zisook Sidney , Çelebi Julie , Polston Gregory , Sun Bryan , Gross Erin , Helsten Teresa , Rosen Rebecca , Clay Brian , Sinsky Christine , Ziedonis Douglas M , Longhurst Christopher A , Savides Thomas J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
Physicians of all specialties experienced unprecedented stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic, exacerbating preexisting burnout. We examine burnout’s association with perceived and actionable electronic health record (EHR) workload factors and personal, professional, and organizational characteristics with the goal of identifying levers that can be targeted to address burnout.

Materials and Methods
Survey of physicians of all specialties in an academic health center, using a standard measure of burnout, self-reported EHR work stress, and EHR-based work assessed by the number of messages regarding prescription reauthorization and use of a staff pool to triage messages. Descriptive and multivariable regression analyses examined the relationship among burnout, perceived EHR work stress, and actionable EHR work factors.

Results
Of 1038 eligible physicians, 627 responded (60% response rate), 49.8% reported burnout symptoms. Logistic regression analysis suggests that higher odds of burnout are associated with physicians feeling higher level of EHR stress (odds ratio [OR], 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–1.25), having more prescription reauthorization messages (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.04–1.47), not feeling valued (OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.69–7.22) or aligned in values with clinic leaders (OR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.87–4.27), in medical practice for ≤15 years (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.63–4.12), and sleeping for &lt;6 h/night (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.12–2.67).

Discussion
Perceived EHR stress and prescription reauthorization messages are significantly associated with burnout, as are non-EHR factors such as not feeling valued or aligned in values with clinic leaders. Younger physicians need more support.

Conclusion
A multipronged approach targeting actionable levers and supporting young physicians is needed to implement sustainable improvements in physician well-being.
Differences of semen microbiota among breeding boars with different reproductive ages
Authors: Li Desheng , Xu Yunhe , Wang Mi , Fang Shan , Li Shi Han , Cui Yan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this study, we investigated 18 healthy and fertile Duroc boars, dividing them into two groups based on their reproductive age: 9 boars aged 18 mo and 9 boars aged 36 mo. Prior to semen sampling, all boars were raised together under identical management conditions for a period of 3 mo. Our findings revealed that older boars exhibited lower sperm motility and a higher proportion of abnormal sperm morphology compared to younger boars. Furthermore, older boars demonstrated lower anti-oxidant capacity in their semen, as indicated by elevated levels of malondialdehyde and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Microbiota analysis utilizing the 16S rRNA technique showed that the semen microbiota of older boars had reduced alpha-diversity and beta-diversity in comparison to younger boars. We identified the Streptococcus genus and Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp macedonicus species served as biomarkers for semen from younger breeding boars, while the Bacteroides pyogenes species as a biomarker for semen from older breeding boars. Additionally, the semen from older boars exhibited a higher abundance of Aerococcus, Gallicola, Ulvibacter, and Proteiniphilum compared to younger boars. Spearman correlation analysis showed that these four bacteria were negatively correlated with semen quality. The abundance of Gallicola and Proteiniphilum were negatively correlated with semen anti-oxidant capacity. Additionally, the reduction of semen anti-oxidant capacity was correlated to the decrease of semen quality. Based on these findings, we concluded that the semen of older boars contains a higher abundance of harmful bacteria, which contributes to the observed reduction in semen anti-oxidant capacity and overall semen quality in this group.
Why Prosecuting Aggression in Ukraine as a Crime Against Humanity Might Make Sense
Authors: Mégret Frédéric 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The idea that aggression can and maybe should be prosecuted in some instances as a crime against humanity is a marginal one that has nonetheless been floated for a while. This article revisits the idea in the context of efforts to prosecute the leaders of the Russian aggression in Ukraine. It argues that the case that aggression is a crime against humanity has been framed along excessively reductionist lines focusing on ‘other inhumane acts’ as a predicate offence. Instead, the article suggests that there can be a deep overlap between the notion of an armed attack against a state as defining aggression, and the notion of a ‘widespread or systematic attack against a civilian population’ as the chapeau of crimes against humanity. Working at this intersection, it is suggested, makes sense of the special place of aggression as an offence generative of many others, as well as the particular sovereign deliberateness involved in launching an attack. The article explores some of the concerns that such a prosecution might trigger, including that it misses the opportunity to prosecute aggression as such, is in bad faith, or does not cover significant portions of what is rightly considered wrong about aggression. The article concludes in favor of an imaginative take on the substantive law resources that are there rather than the search for new jurisdictional solutions.