bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning accelerated approach to infer nuclear magnetic resonance porosity for a middle eastern carbonate reservoir
Authors: Mustafa Ayyaz , Tariq Zeeshan , Mahmoud Mohamed , Abdulraheem Abdulazeez 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCarbonate rocks present a complicated pore system owing to the existence of intra-particle and interparticle porosities. Therefore, characterization of carbonate rocks using petrophysical data is a challenging task. Conventional neutron, sonic, and neutron-density porosities are proven to be less accurate as compared to the NMR porosity. This study aims to predict the NMR porosity by implementing three different machine learning (ML) algorithms using conventional well logs including neutron-porosity, sonic, resistivity, gamma ray, and photoelectric factor. Data, comprising 3500 data points, was acquired from a vast carbonate petroleum reservoir in the Middle East. The input parameters were selected based on their relative importance with respect to output parameter. Three ML techniques such as adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), artificial neural network (ANN), and functional network (FN) were implemented for the development of prediction models. The model’s accuracy was evaluated by correlation coefficient (R), root mean square error (RMSE), and average absolute percentage error (AAPE). The results demonstrated that all three prediction models are reliable and consistent exhibiting low errors and high ‘R’ values for both training and testing prediction when related to actual dataset. However, the performance of ANN model was better as compared to other two studied ML techniques based on minimum AAPE and RMSE errors (5.12 and 0.39) and highest R (0.95) for testing and validation outcome. The AAPE and RMSE for the testing and validation results were found to be 5.38 and 0.41 for ANFIS and 6.06 and 0.48 for FN model, respectively. The ANFIS and FN models exhibited ‘R’ 0.937 and 0.942, for testing and validation dataset, respectively. Based on testing and validation results, ANFIS and FN models have been ranked second and third after ANN. Further, optimized ANN and FN models were used to extract explicit correlations to compute the NMR porosity. Hence, this study reveals the successful applications of ML techniques for the accurate prediction of NMR porosity.
Analysis of sequence diversity in Plasmodium falciparum glutamic acid-rich protein (PfGARP), an asexual blood stage vaccine candidate
Authors: Rojrung Rattanaporn , Kuamsab Napaporn , Putaporntip Chaturong , Jongwutiwes Somchai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGlutamic acid-rich protein of Plasmodium falciparum (PfGARP) binds to erythrocyte band 3 and may enhance cytoadherence of infected erythrocytes. Naturally acquired anti-PfGARP antibodies could confer protection against high parasitemia and severe symptoms. While whole genome sequencing analysis has suggested high conservation in this locus, little is known about repeat polymorphism in this vaccine candidate antigen. Direct sequencing was performed from the PCR-amplified complete PfGARP gene of 80 clinical isolates from four malaria endemic provinces in Thailand and an isolate from a Guinean patient. Publicly available complete coding sequences of this locus were included for comparative analysis. Six complex repeat (RI-RVI) and two homopolymeric glutamic acid repeat (E1 and E2) domains were identified in PfGARP. The erythrocyte band 3-binding ligand in domain RIV and the epitope for mAB7899 antibody eliciting in vitro parasite killing property were perfectly conserved across isolates. Repeat lengths in domains RIII and E1-RVI-E2 seemed to be correlated with parasite density of the patients. Sequence variation in PfGARP exhibited genetic differentiation across most endemic areas of Thailand. Phylogenetic tree inferred from this locus has shown that most Thai isolates formed closely related lineages, suggesting local expansion/contractions of repeat-encoding regions. Positive selection was observed in non-repeat region preceding domain RII which corresponded to a helper T cell epitope predicted to be recognized by a common HLA class II among Thai population. Predicted linear B cell epitopes were identified in both repeat and non-repeat domains. Besides length variation in some repeat domains, sequence conservation in non-repeat regions and almost all predicted immunogenic epitopes have suggested that PfGARP-derived vaccine may largely elicit strain-transcending immunity.
Preparation of Fe3O4/vine shoots derived activated carbon nanocomposite for improved removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions
Authors: Bagherzadeh Maryam , Aslibeiki Bagher , Arsalani Nasser 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, Fe3O4/activated carbon nanocomposite was successfully synthesized for removal of Chromium from aqueous solutions. The Fe3O4nanoparticles were decorated on vine shoots-derived activated carbon using co-precipitation method. The atomic absorption spectrometer was used to evaluate the removal of Chromium ions by the prepared adsorbent. The effect of various parameters such as adsorbent dose, pH, contact time, reusability, electric field, and initial Chromium concentration were examined to find the optimum conditions. According to the results, the synthesized nanocomposite showed a high ability to remove Chromium at an optimized pH of 3. At optimum conditions, a high removal efficiency of 90% and an excellent adsorption capacity of 305.30 mg/g was obtained. In addition, adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics were studied in this research. The results showed that the data are well fitted with the Freundlich isotherm and the adsorption process is spontaneous and follows the pseudo-second-order model.
Diversity of life history and population connectivity of threadfin fish Eleutheronema tetradactylum along the coastal waters of Southern China
Authors: Xuan Zhongya , Wang Wen-Xiong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the diversity of life history, life stage connectivity and population is essential to determine the spatial scale over which fish populations operate. Otolith microchemistry analysis is a powerful tool to elucidate the life history and population connectivity of fish, providing important insights to the natal origin and population structure. In this study, we used laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to analyze the chemical composition of otoliths throughout the entire lifetime of endangered fourfinger threadfin species, Eleutheronema tetradactylum. We reconstructed the life history of E. tetradactylum from Southern China collected from different locations over a spatial scale of 1200 km. Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca ratios profiles from otolith core-to-edge analysis suggested two contrasting life history patterns. Based on the differences in early life stages, we identified some fish spending their first year in an estuarine environment with subsequent movement to marine coastal systems, while some fish remaining in the coastal systems throughout their entire early life history stages. The non-metric multi-dimensional scaling showed a strong overlap in otolith core elemental composition, indicating a large-scale connectivity in the life history of E. tetradactylum. The immature fish from different natal origins mixed to a large extent when they fed and overwintered in the extensive offshore waters. Clustering of near core chemistry pointed to three possible sources of nursery for the threadfin fish. This study demonstrated the diversity of life history patterns of E. tetradactylum in Southern Chinese waters. Restoration in egg and larvae densities in coastal waters and estuaries may enhance their population abundances.
Association between exercise habit changes and incident dementia after ischemic stroke
Authors: Cheon Dae Young , Han Kyung do , Kim Chi-hun , Oh Mi Sun , Lee Byung-Chul , Kim Yerim , Lee Sang-Hwa , Kim Chulho , Lim Jae-Sung , Lee Minwoo , Yu Kyung-Ho 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the effects of exercise habit changes on the risk of incident dementia after ischemic stroke using the Korean National Health Insurance Services Database. This study included 223,426 patients with a new diagnosis of ischemic stroke between 2010 and 2016 who underwent two serial ambulatory health checkups. The participants were divided into four categories according to their habit change or regular exercise: persistent non-exercisers, new exercisers, exercise dropouts, and exercise maintainers. The primary outcome was new diagnosis of dementia. Multivariate Cox proportional models were used to assess the effects of changes in exercise habits on the risk of incident dementia. After a median of 4.02 years of follow-up, 22,554 (10.09%) dementia cases were observed. After adjusting for covariates, exercise dropouts, new exercisers, and exercise maintainers were significantly associated with a lower risk of incident dementia than persistent non-exercisers (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.937; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.905–0.970, aHR 0.876; 95% CI 0.843–0.909, aHR 0.705; 95% CI 0.677–0.734, respectively). The impact of changes in exercise habit was more prominent in the 40–65 years age group. An energy expenditure ≥ 1000 metabolic equivalents of task-min/wk post-stroke, regardless of pre-stroke physical activity status, was mostly associated with a lower risk of each outcome. In this retrospective cohort study, initiating or continuing moderate-to-vigorous exercise after ischemic stroke was associated with a lower risk of dementia development. Further, pre-stroke regular physical activity also reduced the risk of incident dementia. The promotion of exercise in ambulatory stroke patients may reduce their future risk of incident dementia.
Substantial role of check dams in sediment trapping and carbon sequestration on the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Fang Nufang , Zeng Yi , Ran Lishan , Wang Zhen , Lu Xixi , Wang Zhengang , Yang Xiankun , Jian Jinshi , Yu Qiang , Ni Lingshan , Liu Chun , Yue Chao , Shi Zhihua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the processes governing lateral terrestrial organic carbon transfer is confounded by the fact that organic carbon deposits on land have not yet been fully explored. Despite recent advances in understanding organic carbon deposition in aquatic ecosystems, the burial of organic carbon in dry depositional environments remains unclear. Here, combining large-scale field surveys and remote sensing techniques, we provide a robust estimate for sediment retention and organic carbon burial of check dams on the Chinese Loess Plateau. We find that the 50,226 active check dams have intercepted 10.2 ± 0.6 Pg eroded sediment during 1970-2020, which equals to 46% of the sediment load of Yellow River. Based on 86 deep sediment cores, we estimate that 21.6 ± 9.9 Tg of organic carbon was buried over the past 50 years by check dams with a burial rate of 468 ± 204 g C m−2 yr−1, approximately one order of magnitude higher than that of global lakes/reservoirs. We also find that the organic carbon burial efficiency of check dams (~80%) is significantly higher than in other depositional environments. We argue that organic carbon burial by check dams represents a significant terrestrial carbon sink and must be accounted for in global carbon budget.
Motivation in Aphasia Treatment: Self-Determination Theory Applied to the FOURC Model
Authors: Biel Michael , Haley Katarina L. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:Although the importance of motivation to successful rehabilitation is frequently acknowledged in the aphasia literature, little evidence-based guidance has been provided on how to support it. The purpose of this tutorial is to introduce a well-validated theory of motivation, self-determination theory (SDT); explain its role as the foundation for the FOURC model of collaborative goal setting and treatment planning; and explain how it may be applied during rehabilitation to support the motivation of people with aphasia.Method:We provide an overview of SDT, explore the link between motivation and psychological wellness, and discuss how psychological needs are addressed in SDT and the FOURC model. Concrete examples from aphasia therapy are used to illustrate main concepts.Conclusions:SDT offers tangible guidance for supporting motivation and wellness. SDT-based practices support positive forms of motivation, which is one of the targets of FOURC. An understanding of SDT's theoretical foundation will help clinicians maximize the impact of collaborative goal setting and aphasia therapy more generally.
Optimal placement of STATCOM using a reduced computational burden by minimum number of monitoring units based on area of vulnerability
Authors: Jalalat Hamed , Liasi Sahand , Bina Mohammad Tavakoli , Shahirinia Amir 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVarious Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices are used to improve the power quality and reliability of power system. In addition to the technical constraints, the installation and maintenance costs limit the exploitation of such devices. To maximize the efficiency of FACTS, the least possible number of devices must be placed optimally in the network. In this vein, many types of research have been conducted to offer optimal placement solutions. Although these methods lead to optimal placement, they usually suffer from a huge amount of computational burden. Therefore, here, an intelligent optimal placement approach is presented, focusing on reducing computational volume. For this aim in the suggested method, the monitoring buses are limited, while monitoring other buses is carried out using an estimation approach. To avoid increasing calculations for this selection, applying the worst fault condition instead of all fault types, the least number of monitoring buses are selected. Moreover, high‐risk zones are indicated for each monitoring bus so that by applying different fault conditions in only these areas, the study is conducted, which results in an additional decrement in computational burden. Finally, the optimal placement problem is solved by employing the genetic algorithm.
Characterisation of stellar activity of M dwarfs
Authors: Mignon L. , Meunier N. , Delfosse X. , Bonfils X. , Santos N. C. , Forveille T. , Gaisné G. , Astudillo-Defru N. , Lovis C. , Udry S. 
Published: March 2023

Context. M dwarfs are active stars that exhibit variability in chromospheric emission and photometry at short and long timescales, including long cycles that are related to dynamo processes. This activity also impacts the search for exoplanets because it affects the radial velocities.
Aims. We analysed a large sample of 177 M dwarfs observed with HARPS during the period 2003-2020 in order to characterise the long-term variability of these stars. We compared the variability obtained in three chromospheric activity indices (Ca II H & K, the Na D doublet, and Hα) and with ASAS photometry.
Methods. We focused on the detailed analysis of the chromospheric emission based on linear, quadratic, and sinusoidal models. We used various tools to estimate the significance of the variability and to quantify the improvement brought by the models. In addition, we analysed complementary photometric time series for the most variable stars to be able to provide a broader view of the long-term variability in M dwarfs.
Results. We find that most stars are significantly variable, even the quietest stars. Most stars in our sample (75%) exhibit a long-term variability, which manifests itself mostly through linear or quadratic variability, although the true behaviour may be more complex. We found significant variability with estimated timescales for 24 stars, and estimated the lower limit for a possible cycle period for an additional 9 stars that were not previously published. We found evidence of complex variability because more than one long-term timescale may be present for at least 12 stars, together with significant differences between the behaviour of the three activity indices. This complexity may also be the source of the discrepancies observed between previous publications.
Conclusions. We conclude that long-term variability is present for all spectral types and activity level in M dwarfs, without a significant trend with spectral type or mean activity level.
Muons in the aftermath of neutron star mergers and their impact on trapped neutrinos
Authors: Loffredo Eleonora , Perego Albino , Logoteta Domenico , Branchesi Marica 
Published: March 2023

Context. In the upcoming years, present and next-generation gravitational wave observatories will detect a larger number of binary neutron star (BNS) mergers with increasing accuracy. In this context, improving BNS merger numerical simulations is crucial to correctly interpret the data and constrain the equation of state (EOS) of neutron stars (NSs).
Aims. State-of-the-art simulations of BNS mergers do not include muons. However, muons are known to be relevant in the microphysics of cold NSs and are expected to have a significant role in mergers, where the typical thermodynamic conditions favour their production. Our work is aimed at investigating the impact of muons on the merger remnant.
Methods. We post-process the outcome of four numerical relativity simulations of BNS mergers performed with three different baryonic EOSs and two mass ratios considering the first 15 milliseconds after merger. We compute the abundance of muons in the remnant and analyse how muons affect the trapped neutrino component and the fluid pressure.
Results. We find that depending on the baryonic EOS, the net fraction of muons is between 30% and 70% the net fraction of electrons. Muons change the flavour hierarchy of trapped (anti-)neutrinos such that deep inside the remnant, muon anti-neutrinos are the most abundant, followed by electron anti-neutrinos. Finally, muons and trapped neutrinos modify the neutron-to-proton ratio, affecting the remnant pressure by up to 7% when compared with calculations neglecting them.
Conclusions. This work demonstrates that muons have a non-negligible effect on the outcome of BNS merger simulations, and they should be included to improve the accuracy of a simulation.
Advanced Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease and Lung Transplantation in the Era of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Modulators
Authors: O'Carroll Mark 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators have changed the clinical landscape of cystic fibrosis (CF) by improving clinically significant outcome measures and quality of life of people with CF (pwCF). There are now long-term data showing improved 5-year survival with the use of ivacaftor, and the field continues to evolve at a rapid pace with the continued development of highly effective CFTR modulators. While the randomized controlled trials of CFTR modulators excluded patients with severe lung disease (forced expiratory volume in 1 second <40% predicted), observational data based on case reports and registry data show similar benefits in those with advanced lung disease. This has altered clinical practice particularly as it pertains to the role of lung transplantation in CF. This article describes the impact of highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT) on the natural history of CF and the influence on the timing of referral and consideration of listing for lung transplantation. CF clinicians play a pivotal role to ensure that the impetus of the CF foundation consensus guidelines to facilitate timely referral for lung transplantation is not lost among the excitement of anticipated sustained benefit from HEMT. While the widespread availability of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor over the past 2 years has been associated with a sharp drop in the number of people referred for consideration for lung transplantation and the number of people wait-listed for lung transplantation, it is difficult to accurately determine the true impact due to the confounding effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. It is expected that lung transplantation will remain an important treatment for a smaller number of pwCF. Lung transplantation offers survival benefits in CF, and there remains an imperative to ensure timely consideration of lung transplantation in patients with advanced disease to further reduce the number of pwCF dying without consideration of lung transplant.
Visualizing cell–cell communication using synthetic notch activated MRI
Authors: Wang TianDuo , Chen Yuanxin , Nystrom Nivin N. , Liu Shirley , Fu Yanghao , Martinez Francisco M. , Scholl Timothy J. , Ronald John A. 
Published: March 2023

Cell–cell communication plays a fundamental role in multicellular organisms. Cell-based cancer immunotherapies rely on the ability of innate or engineered receptors on immune cells to engage specific antigens on cancer cells to induce tumor kill. To improve the development and translation of these therapies, imaging tools capable of noninvasively and spatiotemporally visualizing immune-cancer cell interactions would be highly valuable. Using the synthetic Notch (SynNotch) system, we engineered T cells that upon interaction with a chosen antigen (CD19) on neighboring cancer cells induce the expression of optical reporter genes and the human-derived, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reporter gene organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (OATP1B3). Administration of engineered T cells induced the antigen-dependent expression of all our reporter genes in mice bearing CD19-positive tumors but not CD19-negative tumors. Notably, due to the high spatial resolution and tomographic nature of MRI, contrast-enhanced foci within CD19-positive tumors representing OATP1B3-expressing T cells were clearly visible and their distribution was readily mapped. We then extended this technology onto human natural killer-92 (NK-92) cells, observing similar CD19-dependent reporter activity in tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, we show that when delivered intravenously, engineered NK-92 cells can be detected via bioluminescence imaging in a systemic cancer model. With continued work, this highly modular imaging strategy could aid in the monitoring of cell therapies in patients and, beyond this, augment our understanding of how different cell populations interact within the body during normal physiology or disease.
KMT2D acetylation by CREBBP reveals a cooperative functional interaction at enhancers in normal and malignant germinal center B cells
Authors: Vlasevska Sofija , Garcia-Ibanez Laura , Duval Romain , Holmes Antony B. , Jahan Rahat , Cai Bowen , Kim Andrew , Mo Tongwei , Basso Katia , Soni Rajesh K. , Bhagat Govind , Dalla-Favera Riccardo , Pasqualucci Laura 
Published: March 2023

Heterozygous inactivating mutations of the KMT2D methyltransferase and the CREBBP acetyltransferase are among the most common genetic alterations in B cell lymphoma and co-occur in 40 to 60% of follicular lymphoma (FL) and 30% of EZB/C3 diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cases, suggesting they may be coselected. Here, we show that combined germinal center (GC)–specific haploinsufficiency of
Crebbp
and
Kmt2d
synergizes in vivo to promote the expansion of abnormally polarized GCs, a common preneoplastic event. These enzymes form a biochemical complex on select enhancers/superenhancers that are critical for the delivery of immune signals in the GC light zone and are only corrupted upon dual
Crebbp
/
Kmt2d
loss, both in mouse GC B cells and in human DLBCL. Moreover, CREBBP directly acetylates KMT2D in GC-derived B cells, and, consistently, its inactivation by FL/DLBCL-associated mutations abrogates its ability to catalyze KMT2D acetylation. Genetic and pharmacologic loss of CREBBP and the consequent decrease in KMT2D acetylation lead to reduced levels of H3K4me1, supporting a role for this posttranslational modification in modulating KMT2D activity. Our data identify a direct biochemical and functional interaction between CREBBP and KMT2D in the GC, with implications for their role as tumor suppressors in FL/DLBCL and for the development of precision medicine approaches targeting enhancer defects induced by their combined loss.