bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical fitness of primary school children differs depending on their timing of school enrollment
Authors: Teich Paula , Fühner Thea , Granacher Urs , Kliegl Reinhold 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPrevious research has shown that children who were enrolled to school according to the legal key date (i.e., keyage children, between eight and nine years in third grade) exhibited a linear physical fitness development in the ninth year of life. In contrast, children who were enrolled with a delay (i.e., older-than-keyage children [OTK], between nine and ten years in third grade) exhibited a lower physical fitness compared to what would be expected for their age. In these studies, cross-sectional age differences within third grade and timing of school enrollment were confounded. The present study investigated the longitudinal development of keyage and OTK children from third to fifth grade. This design also afforded a comparison of the two groups at the same average chronological age, that is a dissociation of the effects of timing of school enrollment and age. We tested six physical fitness components: cardiorespiratory endurance, coordination, speed, power of lower and upper limbs, and static balance. 1502 children (i.e., 1206 keyage and 296 OTK children) from 35 schools were tested in third, fourth, and fifth grade. Except for cardiorespiratory endurance, both groups developed from third to fourth and from fourth to fifth grade and keyage children outperformed OTK children at the average ages of 9.5 or 10.5 years. For cardiorespiratory endurance, there was no significant gain from fourth to fifth grade and keyage and OTK children did not differ significantly at 10.5 years of age. One reason for a delayed school enrollment could be that a child is (or is perceived as) biologically younger than their chronological age at the school entry examination, implying a negative correlation between chronological and biological age for OTK children. Indeed, a simple reflection of chronological age brought the developmental rate of the chronologically youngest OTK children in line with the developmental rate observed for keyage children, but did not eliminate all differences. The mapping of chronological and biological age of OTK children and other possible reasons for lower physical fitness of OTK children remain a task for future research.
Extended depth of field in augmented reality
Authors: Kim Sung Kyu , Kwon Yongjoon , Yoon Ki-Hyuk 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe 3D display device shows an image with depth information. Conventional 3D display devices based on binocular parallax can focus accurately only on the depth of a specific screen. Because the human eye has a narrow depth of field (DOF) under normal circumstances, 3D displays that provide a relatively wide range of virtual depth areas have limitations on the DOF where clear 3D images are seen. To resolve this problem, it is necessary to find the optical conditions to extend the DOF and analyze the phenomena related to it. For this, by using the Rayleigh criterion and the Strehl ratio, a criterion for this extension of the DOF is suggested. A practical optical structure that can effectively extend the DOF is devised using a flat panel display. This optical structure could be applied to AR, VR, and MR in the field of near-eye displays. From the results of this research, the fundamental optical conditions and standards are proposed for 3D displays that will provide 3D images with extended DOF in the future. Furthermore, it is also expected that these conditions and criteria can be applied to optical designs for the required performance in the development of 3D displays in various fields.
Selection and validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR normalization of porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) for PRRSV studies
Authors: Oh Dayoung , De Spiegelaere Ward , Nauwynck Hans J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPorcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) are widely used for in vitro studies of porcine respiratory viruses. Gene expression in these cells is altered by viral infection and cellular immune response. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a powerful technique for analyzing these changes. In order to obtain reliable quantitative RT-qPCR data and come to sound conclusions, stable reference genes are needed for normalization of target gene expression. In the present study, we evaluated the expression stability of nine reference genes in PAMs during cultivation and upon porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) inoculation. Using geNorm and NormFinder algorithms, we identified PSAP and GAPDH as the most stable reference genes under all experimental conditions. The selected reference genes were used for the normalization of CD163 expression under different conditions. This study demonstrates that selection of appropriate reference genes is essential for normalization and validation of RT-qPCR data across all experimental conditions. This study provides a new set of stable reference genes for future studies with porcine respiratory viruses in PAMs.
Ensemble heterogeneity mimics ageing for endosomal dynamics within eukaryotic cells
Authors: Korabel Nickolay , Taloni Alessandro , Pagnini Gianni , Allan Viki , Fedotov Sergei , Waigh Thomas Andrew 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTransport processes of many structures inside living cells display anomalous diffusion, such as endosomes in eukaryotic cells. They are also heterogeneous in space and time. Large ensembles of single particle trajectories allow the heterogeneities to be quantified in detail and provide insights for mathematical modelling. The development of accurate mathematical models for heterogeneous dynamics has the potential to enable the design and optimization of various technological applications, for example, the design of effective drug delivery systems. Central questions in the analysis of anomalous dynamics are ergodicity and statistical ageing which allow for selecting the proper model for the description. It is believed that non-ergodicity and ageing occur concurrently. However, we found that the anomalous dynamics of endosomes is paradoxical since it is ergodic but shows ageing. We show that this behaviour is caused by ensemble heterogeneity that, in addition to space-time heterogeneity within a single trajectory, is an inherent property of endosomal motion. Our work introduces novel approaches for the analysis and modelling of heterogeneous dynamics.
Effects of normal aging on the mouse retina assessed by full-field flash and flicker electroretinography
Authors: Park Jason C. , Persidina Oksana , Balasubramanian Giri , Nguyen Tara , Pradeep Anubhav , Hetling John R. , McAnany J. Jason 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChanges in the full-field flash and flicker electroretinogram (ERG) that accompany normal aging were evaluated in mice. ERGs were recorded from a single cohort of C57BL/6J mice from 5 to 70 weeks of age using conventional techniques. Dark-adapted ERGs were recorded for flash luminances of − 3.0 to 1.5 log cd-s-m−2; a- and b-wave amplitude and implicit time (IT) were calculated from these responses. In addition, light-adapted flicker ERGs elicited by sinusoidally modulated light were measured for temporal frequencies of 2 to 31 Hz. Amplitudes and phases were extracted from the flicker responses using Fourier analysis. Linear quantile mixed models were used for statistical comparisons of the effects of age on amplitude and timing. There was a significant decrease in a-wave amplitude (p < 0.001) and b-wave amplitude (p < 0.001) over the 65 week study. From 5 to 70 weeks, the a- and b-wave amplitudes decreased by a factor of approximately 2. There was a small (2–14 ms), but significant (p < 0.001), delay in a- and b-wave IT over the 65 week study. There was also a significant decrease in fundamental amplitude (factor of 1.8, p < 0.001) and second harmonic amplitude (factor of 1.5, p < 0.001) over time. There were no significant age-related effects on the phase of these components (both p > 0.06). These results indicate that age scales the single flash and flicker ERG similarly, reducing response amplitude by a factor of approximately 2, from 5 to 70 weeks, with small or no effect on response timing. These data may be useful for guiding future longitudinal pre-clinical therapeutic studies.
Comparative genome features and secondary metabolite biosynthetic potential of Kutzneria chonburiensis and other species of the genus Kutzneria
Authors: Chanama Manee , Prombutara Pinidphon , Chanama Suchart 
Published: May 2023

AbstractActinobacteria are well known as a rich source of diversity of bioactive secondary metabolites.Kutzneria, a rare actinobacteria belonging to the familyPseudonocardiaceaehas abundance of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and is one of important source of natural products and worthy of priority investigation. Currently,Kutzneria chonburiensisSMC256Thas been the latest type-strain of the genus and its genome sequence has not been reported yet. Therefore, we present the first report of new complete genome sequence of SMC256T(genome size of 10.4 Mbp) with genome annotation and feature comparison between SMC256Tand other publicly availableKutzneriaspecies. The results from comparative and functional genomic analyses regarding the phylogenomic and the clusters of orthologous groups of proteins (COGs) analyses indicated that SMC256Tis most closely related toKutzneriasp. 744,Kutzneria kofuensis, Kutzneriasp. CA-103260 andKutzneria buriramensis. Furthermore, a total of 322 BGCs were also detected and showed diversity among theKutzneriagenomes. Out of which, 38 clusters showing the best hit to the most known BGCs were predicted in the SMC256Tgenome. We observed that six clusters responsible for biosynthesis of antimicrobials/antitumor metabolites were strain-specific inKutzneria chonburiensis. These putative metabolites include virginiamycin S1, lysolipin I, esmeraldin, rakicidin, aclacinomycin and streptoseomycin. Based on these findings, the genome ofKutzneria chonburiensiscontains distinct and unidentified BGCs different from other members of the genus, and the use of integrative genomic-based approach would be a useful alternative effort to target, isolate and identify putative and undiscovered secondary metabolites suspected to have new and/or specific bioactivity in theKutzneria.
Effects of three microtubule-associated proteins (MAP2, MAP4, and Tau) on microtubules’ physical properties and neurite morphology
Authors: Nishida Kohei , Matsumura Kosuke , Tamura Miki , Nakamichi Takuto , Shimamori Keiya , Kuragano Masahiro , Kabir Arif Md. Rashedul , Kakugo Akira , Kotani Susumu , Nishishita Naoki , Tokuraku Kiyotaka 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe physical properties of cytoskeletal microtubules have a multifaceted effect on the expression of their cellular functions. A superfamily of microtubule-associated proteins, MAP2, MAP4, and tau, promote the polymerization of microtubules, stabilize the formed microtubules, and affect the physical properties of microtubules. Here, we show differences in the effects of these three MAPs on the physical properties of microtubules. When microtubule-binding domain fragments of MAP2, tau, and three MAP4 isoforms were added to microtubules in vitro and observed by fluorescence microscopy, tau-bound microtubules showed a straighter morphology than the microtubules bound by MAP2 and the three MAP4 isoforms. Flexural rigidity was evaluated by the shape of the teardrop pattern formed when microtubules were placed in a hydrodynamic flow, revealing that tau-bound microtubules were the least flexible. When full-length MAPs fused with EGFP were expressed in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells, the microtubules in apical regions of protrusions expressing tau were straighter than in cells expressing MAP2 and MAP4. On the other hand, the protrusions of tau-expressing cells had the fewest branches. These results suggest that the properties of microtubules, which are regulated by MAPs, contribute to the morphogenesis of neurites.
Portable, high speed blood flow measurements enabled by long wavelength, interferometric diffuse correlation spectroscopy (LW-iDCS)
Authors: Robinson Mitchell B. , Renna Marco , Ozana Nisan , Martin Alyssa N. , Otic Nikola , Carp Stefan A. , Franceschini Maria Angela 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDiffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is an optical technique that can be used to characterize blood flow in tissue. The measurement of cerebral hemodynamics has arisen as a promising use case for DCS, though traditional implementations of DCS exhibit suboptimal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and cerebral sensitivity to make robust measurements of cerebral blood flow in adults. In this work, we present long wavelength, interferometric DCS (LW-iDCS), which combines the use of a longer illumination wavelength (1064 nm), multi-speckle, and interferometric detection, to improve both cerebral sensitivity and SNR. Through direct comparison with long wavelength DCS based on superconducting nanowire single photon detectors, we demonstrate an approximate 5× improvement in SNR over a single channel of LW-DCS in the measured blood flow signals in human subjects. We show equivalence of extracted blood flow between LW-DCS and LW-iDCS, and demonstrate the feasibility of LW-iDCS measured at 100 Hz at a source-detector separation of 3.5 cm. This improvement in performance has the potential to enable robust measurement of cerebral hemodynamics and unlock novel use cases for diffuse correlation spectroscopy.
Estimating urban spatial structure based on remote sensing data
Authors: Kii Masanobu , Tamaki Tetsuya , Suzuki Tatsuya , Nonomura Atsuko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the spatial structure of a city is essential for formulating a spatial strategy for that city. In this study, we propose a method for analyzing the functional spatial structure of cities based on satellite remote sensing data. In this method, we first assume that urban functions consist of residential and central functions, and that these functions are measured by trip attraction by purpose. Next, we develop a model to explain trip attraction using remote sensing data, and estimate trip attraction on a grid basis. Using the estimated trip attraction, we created a contour tree to identify the spatial extent of the city and the hierarchical structure of the central functions of the city. As a result of applying this method to the Tokyo metropolitan area, we found that (1) our method reproduced 84% of urban areas and 94% of non-urban areas defined by the government, (2) our method extracted 848 urban centers, and their size distribution followed a Pareto distribution, and (3) the top-ranking urban centers were consistent with the districts defined in the master plans for the metropolitan area. Based on the results, we discussed the applicability of our method to urban structure analysis.
Individual-specific functional connectivity improves prediction of Alzheimer’s disease’s symptoms in elderly people regardless of APOE ε4 genotype
Authors: Hua Lin , Gao Fei , Xia Xiaoluan , Guo Qiwei , Zhao Yonghua , Huang Shaohui , Yuan Zhen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo date, reliable biomarkers remain unclear that could link functional connectivity to patients’ symptoms for detecting and predicting the process from normal aging to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in elderly people with specific genotypes. To address this, individual-specific functional connectivity is constructed for elderly participants with/without APOE ε4 allele. Then, we utilize recursive feature selection-based machine learning to reveal individual brain-behavior relationships and to predict the symptom transition in different genotypes. Our findings reveal that compared with conventional atlas-based functional connectivity, individual-specific functional connectivity exhibits higher classification and prediction performance from normal aging to AD in both APOE ε4 groups, while no significant performance is detected when the data of two genotyping groups are combined. Furthermore, individual-specific between-network connectivity constitutes a major contributor to assessing cognitive symptoms. This study highlights the essential role of individual variation in cortical functional anatomy and the integration of brain and behavior in predicting individualized symptoms.
The utility of historical records for hazard analysis in an area of marginal cyclone influence
Authors: Switzer Adam D. , Christensen Joseph , Aldridge Joanna , Taylor David , Churchill Jim , Watson Holly , Fraser Matthew W. , Shaw Jenny 
Published: May 2023

AbstractShark Bay Marine Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Property located in a region of marginal tropical cyclone influence. Sustainable management of this unique environment as the climate changes requires a quantified understanding of its vulnerability to natural hazards. Here, we outline a structured analysis of novel historical archive information that has uncovered reports of an extreme storm surge associated with a Tropical Cyclone in 1921 that generated remarkable overland flow which left fish and sharks stranded up to 9.66 km (6 miles) inland. Weighted information from historical archives is placed in a new framework and provide inputs to modelling of this event which improves the understanding of its magnitude and furnishes records of the impacts of what occurred on that day and notably also in the years following. The suite of plausible tracks that reproduce the historical data contextualise the storm as a marginal Category 4 or 5 storm and its return interval as equivalent or slightly greater than the current local planning level for coastal flooding in the region. The outcome underscores the global importance of examining the probable maximum event for risk management in areas of marginal cyclone influence where vulnerable ecosystems or vital regional infrastructure of key economic importance are located, and the need to factor in TC risk in marine conservation and planning in the Shark Bay World Heritage Property.
Artistic representations of data can help bridge the US political divide over climate change
Authors: Li Nan , Villanueva Isabel I. , Jilk Thomas , Van Matre Brianna Rae , Brossard Dominique 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVisual art has been used to revamp the portrayal of climate change with the aims of engaging emotions and expanding nonexperts’ psychological capacity to perceive its relevance. However, empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of artistic representation of data as a tool for public communication is lacking. Using controlled experiments with two national samples of U.S. adults (total N = 671), here we found that artistic visualizations elicited stronger positive emotions than informationally equivalent data graphs but did not differ in their perceived credibility or effectiveness as visual aids for learning. When used to prompt individual reflection, artistic visualizations appeared to mitigate the political division in viewers’ perceived relevance of climate change that could otherwise be exacerbated by exposure to data graphs.
Exposure to and learning from the IPCC special report on 1.5 °C global warming, and public support for climate protests and mitigation policies
Authors: Doran Rouven , Ogunbode Charles A. , Böhm Gisela , Gregersen Thea 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBased on national survey data from Norway, this study assesses if exposure to the IPCC special report on global warming of 1.5 °C can be associated with support for climate protests and mitigation policies. Respondents were asked if they had heard about the report (closed-ended question) and what they had learned from or about the report (open-ended question). Analyses of the closed-ended question showed that those who had heard about the report were also more likely to express their support for, as well as to plan on engaging in, protest for increased action by the government against climate change. A similar pattern was observed with respect to support for policy changes that can assist in mitigating climate change. Complementary analyses of the open-ended question revealed that evaluative statements formed the largest category of responses. This category included both references to the seriousness of the evolving climate crisis and comments questioning the credibility of the presented information, with the former being the most frequent response. The findings from this study are discussed in the context of public engagement with climate change, with a particular scope on the potential impacts of making the insights from scientific reports known to the general public.
Circular RNAs and acute kidney injury: a Clinical Science commentary on Cao et al.
Authors: Mohamed Riyaz , Ryan Michael J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a significant clinical problem with a high mortality rate. Thus, the need for early recognition and treatment of AKI is an important goal. Clinical Science has a history of publishing high impact work across a breadth of scientific disciplines to improve understanding of disease mechanisms, including nephrology. This commentary spotlights a paper from more recent history that is highly cited. The work focuses on the mechanistic role of circular RNA in the pathobiology of AKI using approaches that include both in vivo experimental models and human cell culture experiments to delineate a potentially novel cellular pathway.
Analyzing Language in the Picnic Scene Picture and in Conversation: The Type of Discourse Sample We Choose Influences Findings in People With Aphasia
Authors: Leaman Marion C. , Edmonds Lisa A. 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
People with aphasia express that improved conversational discourse is a primary rehabilitation goal. Discourse is usually assessed using monologue, such as a picture description task, but research shows that language in monologue varies from language in everyday conversation. Consequently, we investigated the relationship of language in unstructured conversation and in the picnic scene picture because it is a part of the most often used aphasia battery (Western Aphasia Battery–Revised) and thus is frequently used to inform therapy. Second, because previous research suggests people with severe aphasia may not demonstrate language production variability between types of monologue-level discourse, we evaluated the relationship of severity and the difference in scores between conversation and the picnic scene task.

Method:
Thirty-four people with mild-to-severe aphasia described the picnic scene and provided a conversation sample. We measured language production and communicative success using seven measures with established psychometrics in conversation/monologue. We conducted correlations to answer the research questions.

Results:
Correlations were moderate and weaker for the measures in the two conditions. A strong negative relationship was demonstrated between aphasia severity and global coherence. All other relationships were moderate and weaker for the remaining measures when correlated with aphasia severity (also negative).

Conclusions:
Results are consistent with other studies indicating that language varies in different types of discourse. We conclude that for accurate, meaningful assessment, discourse sampling needs to include the specific type of discourse the individual wishes to address in therapy, because discourse samples and their findings are not interchangeable.