bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal and Forced Migration and Economic Development in South Asia
Authors: Chowdhury Mehdi , Wadood Syed Naimul 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter looks at the current human migration scenario of all the eight South Asian countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) by country, origin and destination through the analysis of available data and recent publications. The aim is to provide a description of internal migration, the role of human migration in economic development and also of forced migration. Following this aim the chapter first looks at the incidence of internal migration inside the countries of South Asia. The chapter then addresses the issue of migration and development in South Asia. The penultimate section covers forced or involuntary migration and specifically addresses occurrences of forced migration in South Asia. The chapter concludes with some observations.
International Migration in Bangladesh: A Political Economic Overview
Authors: Mahmud Hasan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter presents a political-economic analysis of migration from Bangladesh. Based on a review of available literature, it discusses the role of the state in migration out of Bangladesh to various destinations. It locates the origin of this migration in its history of population movement during the colonial era and recognizes the role of the late-colonial state in managing migration. It presents a brief overview of contemporary migration in Bangladesh classifying them in terms of composition of the flows, their stated goals and observed consequence both in the destination and origin countries. Finally, it explores the role of the state in Bangladesh by discussing particular laws and policy instruments with their effectiveness and challenges to make those more efficient in achieving the expected policy outcomes. It concludes with a brief overview of the response of Bangladesh government and also by reiterating the need for more research exploring the role of the state in migration origin and its potential benefits.
Labour Migration from Nepal: Trends and Explanations
Authors: Adhikari Jagannath , Rai Mahendra Kumar , Baral Chiranjivi , Subedi Mahendra 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter argues that a combined impact of both global and national political economies has propelled out-migration in the last two centuries in Nepal, which also calls for revisiting migration theories. In the past, Nepal’s out-migration was linked to British colonial interest to expand territory under its control. National governments at that time also created conditions – for their own political interests – that forced people to work for the British expansionist interest. This forced migration led to circumstances creating networks for other types of migration. Even at present, Nepal’s high level of migration for long-term contract work in other countries, especially to Malaysia and Gulf countries, are linked to the migration drivers that are rooted in present political-economic situation like conflict, climate change, disasters, and global forces that make local livelihood opportunities like farming precarious. On the other hand, livelihoods supported by migration and remittances further beget more migration. This situation means that traditional labour migration theories that give more attention to differences in wage rates or economic circumstances in different geographical locations need to be revisited. Networks among the migrating families or individuals and trans-national families, institutions and policies, and perceived status that come from migration explain why migration is continuing. This paper also reveals that a single theory cannot explain migration from Nepal as a whole because of different types of migration to different destination.
Navigating Between Nation and Civilization: Regimes of Citizenship and Migration Under Bharatiya Janata Party
Authors: Das Samir Kumar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper seeks to understand the complicated nature of the relation of ‘nation’ to ‘civilization’ and vice versa and most importantly the implications that these relations have for the evolution of official migration regimes in India since Independence. While civilization continues to be one of the abiding elements of Indian State’s world-view in general and foreign policy in particular, the country is still grappling as it were with the reality of the nation(-state) and its twin imperatives of territorial enclosure and restriction on free movement of people across borders. The paper concentrates on how Indian State’s self-understanding as a ‘civilizational nation’ in the immediate aftermath of Independence gives way to the present stage when the nation is understood as a self-contained civilization itself. It proposes to view the evolution with reference to a few stages and focuses mainly on how the evolving nature of our State ideology might help explain the variation in State’s responses to cross-border migration over the decades.
Exploratory Analysis of Building Stock: A Case Study for the City of Esch-sur-Alzette (Luxembourg)
Authors: Marvuglia Antonino , Laib Mohamed 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOne of the main steps in developing urban building energy models (UBEM) is the classification of the building stock according to building archetypes. Different approaches have been proposed to accomplish this task, some based on the application of clustering techniques, or a combination of expert knowledge, deterministic classification, and data driven approaches. This paper proposes the utilization of a hybrid approach where exploratory data analysis is combined with feature extraction and feature selection to support clustering. The proposed methodology was applied to the building stock of the city of Esch-sur-Alzette (Grand Duchy of Luxembourg). The used data set includes buildings’ geometrical and physical characteristics, preassigned occupancy estimates, and final energy use simulated with a quasi-steady-state model. According to the variables’ combination and deterministic building stock fragmentation schemes used, the number of archetypes identified varied between 12 and 89. The paper shows the potential of clustering techniques for the development of archetypes, even though this must be combined with other (deterministic) fragmentation methods because clustering alone does not allow for the differentiation of building use typologies and construction periods, both of which must be considered to characterize buildings properly.
Methodologies for Sustainable Development of TEN-T/RFC Corridors and Core Ports: Economic Impacts Generated in Port-Related Areas
Authors: Russo Francesco , Musolino Giuseppe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractContainer ports were born with the container revolution in the last decades of the 20th century. Their evolution is represented by the third-generation ports, playing a crucial role in the global supply chain, becoming generators of value added. One of the measures that facilitates the increase of value added in a third-generation ports is the Special Economic Zone (SEZ). The economic impacts of SEZs is amplified in smart ports, where the three pillars of smartness (ICT, Transport and Energy) are present, and in a core ports connected to TEN-T/RFC corridors. The paper describes the method and the application to quantify the indirect and induced economic impact of a SEZ inside a third-generation port in terms of employment by means of an aggregated model. A case study is reported considering a SEZ in an undeveloped UE region. The results are obtained from a comparative analysis of representative case studies of port impact studies, estimated by means of a specific class of econometric (input-output) models.
Methodologies for Sustainable Development of TEN-T/RFC Corridors and Core Ports: Workers Mobility between Urban and Port-Related Areas
Authors: Rindone Corrado , Panuccio Paola , Sgro Domenico 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper concerns the passenger mobility generated by a SEZ area near to a core port connected to Trans European Network-Transport (TEN-T) and Rail Freight Corridors (RFC). The SEZ area and the port represent the places where workers perform their daily activities. Transport connections between the port and the corridor can be a bottleneck that produces externalities for the areas around. This paper examines spatial and temporal connections identifying strategies to achieve sustainability according to the UNs Agenda 2030.
Methodologies for Sustainable Development of TEN-T/RFC Corridors and Core Ports: The Role of Governance in the Export Time Optimization
Authors: Russo Francesco , Pellicanò Domenica Savia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPorts are a key element of the economic development of a country but have to face with many problems of different nature, above all, linked to the governance process. In particular, some ports, due to a slow and complex bureaucracy, find difficult to become competitive on a European and international level.The paper investigates the critical issues related to port nodes and proposes a model that allows to understand which variables at governance level, can be modified to intervene in order to improve the competitiveness of a port and therefore encourage the economic development of his country. A European comparison is presented in which the individual components of the costs are analyzed.
Präoperative Nüchternheit bei Kindern – Erfahrungen bei Einführung eines liberalen Nüchternheitsgebotes
Authors: Gerth Mathias Alexander , Mußmann Yannick Maximilian , Büchler Britta , Hartmann Erik Kristoffer , Wittenmeier Eva 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das traditionelle präoperative Nüchternheitsgebot für Kinder („6‑4‑2-Regel“) führt häufig zu langen Nüchternzeiten mit unerwünschten Ereignissen (Unwohlsein, Hypoglykämie, metabolische Entgleisungen und Agitation/Delir). An unserer Universitätsklinik wurde daher eine liberale Nüchternheitsregelung mit klarer Flüssigkeit bis zum OP-Abruf („6‑4‑0“) eingeführt.

Fragestellung
Evaluation der realen Nüchternzeiten (Erfolg und Nachhaltigkeit der Umstellung) sowie Einfluss auf verschiedene Parameter wie Zufriedenheit, Agitation, Hypotension und postoperative Übelkeit und Erbrechen (PONV).

Material und Methode
Retrospektive Analyse aus QM-Daten einen Monat vor bis 6 Monate nach Einführung (Juni bis Dezember 2020). Anwendung von deskriptiver Statistik, Odds Ratio und Chi-Quadrat-Test.

Ergebnisse
Es konnten 216 Bögen (44 vorher, 172 danach) ausgewertet werden. Die Nüchternzeit konnte signifikant von 6,1 auf 4,5 h reduziert werden (p = 0,034). Bei 47 % der Patienten wurde eine Nüchternzeit ≤ 2h erreicht. Bei zunehmenden Nüchternzeiten im Verlauf war eine erneute Erinnerung nötig. Die Zufriedenheit konnte mit kürzerer Nüchternzeit verbessert werden (Schulnote 2,8 auf 2,2; p = 0,004), und präoperative Agitation nahm ab (mod. PAED Skala 1–2 in 34,5 % vs. 50 %, p = 0,032). Hypotension trat nichtsignifikant seltener auf (7 % vs. 14 %, p = 0,26), während PONV insgesamt zu selten auftrat für statistische Analysen.

Schlussfolgerung
Unsere Auswertung zeigt, dass mit Einführung eines liberalen Nüchternheitsgebots die effektiven Nüchternzeiten reduziert und die kindliche bzw. elterliche Zufriedenheit gesteigert werden können. Ein Monitoring der Nüchternzeiten ist jedoch ratsam, da nach 5 Monaten erneut an die Änderungen erinnert werden musste, um den Erfolg zu bewahren.
Two-scale optimization of graded lattice structures respecting buckling on micro- and macroscale
Authors: Hübner Daniel , Wein Fabian , Stingl Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInterest in components with detailed structures increased with the progress in advanced manufacturing techniques in recent years. Parts with graded lattice elements can provide interesting mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties compared to parts where only coarse features are included. One of these improvements is better global buckling resistance of the component. However, thin features are prone to local buckling. Normally, analyses with high-computational effort are conducted on high-resolution finite element meshes to optimize parts with good global and local stability. Until recently, works focused only on either global or local buckling behavior. We use two-scale optimization based on asymptotic homogenization of elastic properties and local buckling behavior to reduce the effort of full-scale analyses. For this, we present an approach for concurrent local and global buckling optimization of parameterized graded lattice structures. It is based on a worst-case model for the homogenized buckling load factor, which acts as a safeguard against pure local buckling. Cross-modes residing on both scales are not detected. We support our theory with numerical examples and validations on dehomogenized designs, which show the capabilities of our method, and discuss the advantages and limitations of the worst-case model.
Assessing attention and impulsivity in the variable stimulus duration and variable intertrial interval rodent continuous performance test schedules using dopamine receptor antagonists in female C57BL/6JRj mice
Authors: Klem L. , Nielsen M. M. , Gestsdóttir S. B. , Frandsen S. L. , Prichardt S. , Andreasen J. T. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Rationale
Dopaminergic dysfunction is implicated in disorders of impulsivity and inattention. The rodent continuous performance test (rCPT) has been used to quantify changes in attention and impulsivity.

Objective
To examine the roles of dopamine receptors in attention and impulsivity behaviours measured in the rCPT variable stimulus duration (vSD) and the variable intertrial interval schedules (vITI) using DA receptor antagonists.

Methods
Two cohorts of 35 and 36 female C57BL/6JRj mice were examined separately in the rCPT, vSD, and vITI schedules, respectively. Both cohorts received antagonists of the following receptors: D1/5 (SCH23390, SCH: 0.01, 0.02, 0.04 mg/kg) and D2/3 (raclopride, RAC 0.03, 0.10, 0.30 mg/kg) in consecutive balanced Latin square designs with flanking reference measurements. The antagonists were subsequently examined for effects on locomotor activity.

Results
SCH showed similar effects in both schedules, and the effects were reference-dependent in the vITI schedule. SCH reduced responding, but improved response accuracy, impulsivity, discriminability, and locomotor activity. RAC showed mixed effects on responsivity, but improved accuracy and discriminability. The discriminability improvement was driven by an increase in hit rate in the vITI schedule and a reduction in false alarm rate in the vSD schedule. RAC also decreased locomotor activity.

Conclusion
Both D1/5 and D2/3 receptor antagonism reduced responding, but the outcome on discriminability differed, stemming from individual effects on hit and false alarm rate, and the weight of omissions within the calculation. The effects of SCH and RAC suggest that endogenous DA increases responding and impulsivity, but reduces accuracy and shows mixed effects on discriminability.
Warm to neutral white light emissions from Dy3+–Eu3+ co-doped glass ceramics containing NaBSiO4 crystalline phase for W-LEDs applications
Authors: Monisha M. , Saravanan M. , Mazumder Nirmal , Sayyed M. I. , Almuqrin Aljawhara H. , Aloraini Dalal Abdullah , Kamath Sudha D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper reports on the structural, optical and luminescence studies of Dy3+–Eu3+ co-doped glass ceramics that are obtained via thermal treatment method. The initial confirmation on glass ceramics with the formation of NaBSiO4 crystalline phase was made through XRD study. The FTIR study showed the vibrations of network formers (B2O3, SiO2) and other functional groups. The quantity of non-bridging oxygens (NBOs) are increased in the glass ceramics with increase in annealing temperature. The absorption spectra (UV–visible-NIR) showed the possible transitions of Dy3+ and Eu3+ ions in the glass ceramics. A red-shift in the absorption band-edge and reduction in the optical band gap values were obtained for glass ceramics owing to their heating temperatures. Photoluminescence studies showed the excitations of Dy3+ and Eu3+ ions under 575 nm and 613 nm emission wavelengths. The obtained NaBSiO4 crystalline phase in the glass ceramics has enhanced the luminescence intensity, and lifetimes of Dy3+ and Eu3+ ions compared to unheated precursor glass when excited under 350 nm and 393 nm. Color chromaticity diagram and correlated color temperature (CCT) values showed a shift in the color of light from warm white of precursor glass to neutral white of glass ceramics. The overall results justify the possibility of considering the Dy3+-Eu3+ co-doped glass ceramics as efficient materials for solid-state lighting applications like W-LEDs.
Are sleep disorders associated with the risk of gastrointestinal cancer?—A case–control study
Authors: Loosen Sven , Krieg Sarah , Krieg Andreas , Leyh Catherine , Luedde Tom , Vetter Céline , Kostev Karel , Roderburg Christoph 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Sleep disorders are among the most common health problems worldwide and are linked to a variety of physical and mental health problems. Recently, there has been increasing evidence of an association between sleep disorders and cancer risk. We aimed to investigate this association specifically for cancers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Methods
Using the DA database (IQVIA), adult patients diagnosed with GI cancer between January 2010 and December 2022 were retrospectively compared to a 1:1 propensity score-matched cohort of patients without cancer. The outcome of the study was the association between sleep disorders and subsequent diagnosis of GI cancer. To determine whether sleep disorders were more common in patients with GI cancer than in patients without GI cancer, logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results
After matching, 37,161 cases with GI cancer and 37,161 controls without cancer were available for analysis. No association with cancer was found for sleep disorders in the overall history before the index date (OR 1.04; 95% CI 0.96–1.12), but considering sleep disorders documented within 1 year before the index date showed a positive association with GI cancer overall (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.08–1.34). Stratified analyses by cancer site revealed higher odds of sleep disorders prior to diagnosis of gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that sleep disorders might be indicative of short-term health outcomes, including GI cancer, suggesting a role for sleep disorder screening in the context of cancer prevention efforts.
Behavioral and Electrophysiological Study on Eight Japanese Papilio Species with Five Hostplant Volatiles and Linalool
Authors: Inoue Takashi A. , Suetake Mami , Nishidzu Narumi , Yokohari Fumio , Niihara Kinuko , Fukuda Tatsuya 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
An electroantennogram (EAG) technique compared the antennal olfactory responses by both sexes of eight Japanese Papilio species with known host plants in laboratory experiments. Papilio species were collected from Honshû and Kyûshû (Japanese islands). The behavioral responses to volatile leaf substances from Citrus deliciosa, Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, Phellodendron amurense, Orixa japonica, and Foeniculum vulgare were examined in laboratory experiments. Individual EAG reactions were recorded. The results were very similar to the empirical field observations. The electrophysiological results of both sexes showed that the volatile substances released from non-preferred plants mainly elicited more significant EAG responses than the volatile substances from preferred host plants. Moreover, we performed behavioral experiments using eight female butterflies and their responses to five host plant species. An association between host plant selection behavior and taxonomical classification exists within the Papilio genus. The EAG responses were small when exposed to the plants with high scores in the behavioral experiments. Host plant preference patterns seem to be related to the volatile substances within the host plants. The butterflies responded to Linalool in both the behavioral and electrophysiological experiments.
Development of PVA/GO Nanocomposites Membranes for Air-Filtration and Purification
Authors: Mohamed Elham F. , Mohamed F. , El-Mekawy Asmaa , El Hotaby W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractClimate change due to the air pollution is actually one of the largest environmental challenges worldwide. Preparation and development of stable and highly efficient nanocomposite membranes remain a significant goal because of its enormous importance of controlling the environment. This study investigated a simple synthesis of poly (vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide (PVA/GO) nanocomposite membrane for air pollutant remediation. The chemical and physical structures, morphologies, and conductivities were investigated as a function of the GO loading. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of novel PVA/GO membranes in the removal of both formaldehyde (FA) as a pollutant VOCs model and SO2 as a model of greenhouse gases. Furthermore, the purpose of this study is to identify good predictors for selecting the appropriate optimal GO content in GO/PVA nanocomposites that exhibit higher air pollutant removal performance as well as design an economical GO/PVA nanocomposite air purification system for removal of the air pollutants in the field. To our knowledge, field application of GO/PVA nanocomposite volatile organic compound (VOCS) filters and control of SO2 gas pollutants from indoor air has not yet been realized. The nanocomposite membranes with an optimum GO content exhibited higher removal performance for the FA gas pollutant, this enhancement reached 90% in the laboratory scale. However, during the application in the field, it showed 75% FA removed from the indoor air. These new nano-membranes reveal also wide efficiencies of SO2 removal (80%) when applied in the field. Therefore, this filter system proved an excellent efficacy in the removal of air pollutants and could be more promising in various industrial applications.
Adherence to oral endocrine therapy in racial/ethnic minority patients with low socioeconomic status before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rahimi Sama , Ononogbu Onyebuchi , Mohan Anjana , Moussa Daniel , Abughosh Susan , Trivedi Meghana V. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Adherence to oral endocrine therapy (OET) is crucial in ensuring its maximum benefit in the prevention and treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR +) breast cancer (BC). Medication use behavior is suboptimal especially in racial/ethnic minorities with lower socioeconomic status (SES).

Aim
We aimed to assess the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on OET adherence and identify demographic and/or clinical characteristics associated with nonadherence in racial/ethnic minorities with lower SES.

Method
A retrospective study was conducted at the Harris Health System in Houston, Texas. Data were collected during the 6 months before and 6 months after the start of the pandemic. The adherence was assessed using the prescription refill data using the proportion of days covered. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify demographic/clinical characteristics associated with nonadherence. Eighteen years or older patients on appropriate doses of OET for prevention or treatment of BC were included.

Results
In 258 patients, adherence was significantly lower during the pandemic (44%) compared to before the pandemic (57%). The demographic/clinical characteristics associated with OET nonadherence before the pandemic were Black/African American, obesity/extreme obesity, prevention setting, tamoxifen therapy, and 4 or more years on OET. During the pandemic, prevention setting and those not using home delivery were more likely to be nonadherent.

Conclusion
OET adherence was significantly reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic in racial/ethnic minority patients with low SES. Patient-centered interventions are necessary to improve OET adherence in these patients.