bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL DEPRIVATION ON COVID-19 INFECTIONS IN NURSING HOMES
Authors: Weech-Maldonado Robert , Lord Justin , Davlyatov Ganisher , Ghiasi Akbar , Orewa Gregory 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Health inequities vary along social and economic gradients. The COVID-19 pandemic and nursing home infections have highlighted this fact. Using the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ Nursing Home COVID-19 Public File, Brown University’s LTCFocus, Robert Graham Center’s Social Deprivation Index, and CMS Nursing Home Payroll Based Journal Staffing Data. We examined the relationship between community resource scarcity, as conceptualized by the Social Deprivation Index (SD) and COVID-19 incidence rates in nursing homes. After controlling for interstate differences, organizational enabling factors, as well as, facility-level resident and community-level characteristics, nursing homes located in communities with medium levels of social deprivation had 4.4% more COVID-19 infection rates (Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR] = 1.04; p &lt; 0.05) and communities with high levels of social deprivation had 7.5% higher COVID-19 infection rates (Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR] = 1.07; p &lt; 0.01) as compared to nursing facilities located in areas of low social deprivation. From a policy perspective, nursing homes, that are located in socially deprived communities, may need additional resources, such as, funding for staffing and personal protective equipment in the face of the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has sharpened the focus on healthcare disparities and societal inequalities in the delivery of long-term care.
EMOTION REGULATION AND POSITIVE AFFECT IN SPOUSAL DEMENTIA CARE DYADS
Authors: Piechota Amanda , Novak Joshua , Vu Thi , Monin Joan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The early stages of dementia can be a time of stress and uncertainty for spouses, yet little attention is paid to positive experiences. It is important to understand whether there are individual differences in emotion regulation that impact the positive affect of the individual and the partner. Drawing from interdependence theory, we hypothesized that one spouse’s greater difficulty regulating emotions would be associated with their spouses lower positive emotions over time. We used self-report data from an intervention study with three assessment points (baseline, two weeks, and three months) of 45 older adult married couples (N=90) where one spouse has early-stage dementia. Both partners completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. Results from the longitudinal actor partner interdependence model showed that when care partners were high in difficulty regulating emotions, their partner’s positive affect decreased (β = -0.343, p &lt;.01), controlling for intervention arm and covariates.
INFORMAL DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS' EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCES DURING CONFLICT AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS
Authors: Brown Casey , Chen Yuxuan , Levenson Robert 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Emotional interactions may change as a result of dementia and negatively impact caregivers’ mental health. We examined 62 dementia caregivers’ emotional experiences during conflict with their partners, including 22 individuals with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), 20 with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and 20 with a language variant of frontotemporal dementia (language variant). Dyads engaged in a 10-minute conversation involving conflict. Caregivers watched recordings of their conversation while rating their emotional valence using a rating dial. Caregivers of individuals with bvFTD reported greater decreases in positive emotion across the conversation relative to caregivers of individuals with AD and language variants. Caregivers who reported greater decreases in positive emotion across the conversation had higher levels of depressive symptoms, even after accounting for their partner’s diagnosis and level of cognitive impairment. Findings suggest bvFTD caregivers experience the greatest declines in positive emotion during conflict, with potential implications for depression.
KINLESSNESS AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION AMONG EUROPEAN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Mair Christine , Ornstein Katherine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
So-called “kinless” older adults (unpartnered and childless) are a growing population across the globe who may be at higher risk for social isolation and cognitive decline. Yet, this group of older adults is understudied in dementia-related research and their risk of cognitive decline likely varies by country context. We analyze data from the Survey of Health, Ageing & Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to explore cognitive decline by family structure and country. We assess cognitive decline along a gradient of “kinlessness” by comparing older adults with a) partner and child, b) partner and no child, c) no partner and child, and d) no partner and no child across 20 European countries. Results of this study will outline the dementia risks faced by the growing population of older adults with non-traditional family structures and highlight characteristics of country context that might enhance or reduce risk of cognitive decline for “kinless” older adults.
I-CONECT RESULTS: ENHANCING SOCIAL INTERACTIONS IMPROVES COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN SOCIALLY ISOLATED PARTICIPANTS
Authors: Dodge Hiroko , Wu Chao-Yi , Yu Kexin , Lichtenberg Peter , Struble Laura , Potempa Kathleen , Silbert Lisa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that social isolation is a risk factor of dementia although the underlying mechanisms are not well known. A core component of social isolation is a lack of conversational interactions. We recently completed a NIH-funded multi-center randomized controlled trial called Internet-Based Conversational Engagement Clinical Trial (I-CONECT, ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02871921), which aimed to examine whether social engagement, specifically conversational interactions through webcam and internet, could improve cognitive function in socially isolated older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or normal cognition. The data was un-blinded in August, 2021. We found strong evidence of efficacy in the primary (global cognitive function, Cohen’s d = 0.73, p=0.03) and secondary (memory function, Cohen’s d=0.67, p=0.03) outcomes at Month 6 (high-dose post-trial endpoint) and Month 12 (maintenance-dose post-trial-endpoint), respectively, using the mixed model for repeated measures. We will present the background, COVID-19 pandemic related protocol modifications and the primary results of this intervention project.
RISK FACTORS AND IMPACT OF FINANCIAL FRAUD ON OLDER ADULTS AND DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITIES
Authors: DeLiema Marguerite , Witt Paul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In 2021, Americans age 80 and older reported median fraud losses of $1,300 per incident, substantially higher than younger age groups (Federal Trade Commission, 2022). Using data from the Federal Trade Commission’s Sentinel Fraud Complaint Database and the Area Deprivation Index, this study assesses the demographic and contextual correlates of consumer fraud victimization in the United States. Models show a positive association between living in a disadvantaged community and reporting victimization (versus reporting no losses after being targeted). Black and Hispanic consumers are significantly more likely report victimization, although non-Hispanic White victims report higher average fraud losses. Results also show that older adults are significantly less likely to report fraud victimization relative to people age 30 and younger, but older victims lose hundreds of dollars more, on average. Applying a sentiment analysis to the consumer complaint narratives, we find that compared to emotionally neutral complaints, emotionally positive and emotionally negative complaints are positively associated with reporting victimization versus reporting no losses. Gift cards are the most common method of payment demanded by fraud criminals overall, but victims who pay using cash, wire transfer, or cryptocurrency lose significantly more money, on average. To limit the impact of fraud on the aging population, consumer protection agencies need to focus their efforts on educating older adults and members of socially and economically disadvantaged communities about scams, as well as enforce greater controls on cryptocurrency exchanges and retail gift card sales.
BODY WEIGHT INFLUENCES MUSCULOSKELETAL ADAPTATION TO LONG-TERM VOLUNTARY WHEEL RUNNING DURING AGING
Authors: Kitase Yukiko , Julian Vallejo , Xie Yixia , Dallas Mark , Dallas Sarah , Johnson Mark , Wacker Michael , Bonewald Lynda 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Frailty is a key hallmark of aging and exercise has been shown to delay aging effects. This study was initiated based on the hypothesis that voluntary wheel running (VWR) starting at 12 mo until 18 or 22 mo of age would benefit the female murine musculoskeletal system. Based on the final body weight, the mice were separated into high (HBW) and low body weight (LBW) subgroups. Beneficial effects of VWR were observed on soleus muscle mass and contractile force at both ages, although HBW led to greater increases at 22 mo. VWR increased fiber cross-sectional area by 20%, leading to more type I and fewer IIA fibers in soleus. HBW mice were resistant to age-related decline in Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) mass and contractile force. EDL in 18 mo HBW also showed 15% higher contractile force following VWR while muscle from 18 & 22 mo LBW responded to VWR with greater osteocyte protective factor secretion. Skeletal adaptation to VWR was also dependent on body weight, with HBW showing higher femoral cortical thickness and area under sedentary conditions. VWR maintained osteocyte dendrite number in HBW. VWR increased periosteal and endosteal circumferences in HBW, suggesting compensation for loss of material strength. Consistent with this, VWR maintained higher bone mechanical properties in 18mo LBW. In summary, VWR alters musculoskeletal parameters depending on body weight with HBW contributing to more muscle mass and strength to prevent sarcopenia while bone retains better mechanical properties in LBW but HBW contributes structural modification to prevent osteopenia.
AN INNOVATIVE MODEL OF CARE FOR SUBJECTS WITH DEMENTIA IN ITALY—IL PAESE RITROVATO—THROUGH THE SARS-COV-2 PANDEMIC
Authors: Mazzola Paolo , Ferraguzzi Gaia , Zanetti Mariella , Bellelli Giuseppe 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
“Il Paese Ritrovato” is an innovative long-term facility dedicated to subjects with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease or other dementias, located in Monza (Lombardia, Italy).By living in a village that resembles a community neighborhood, it aims at people’s wellbeing and represents a shift in the paradigm of traditional nursing home care, allowing the guests to visit the hair stylist, the supermarket, and various activities according to their personal habits, always supported by trained professionals.We performed a retrospective cohort study on 60 subjects, comparing their characteristics before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, from June 2018 to December 2020. We collected demographic information, cognition, comorbidity, functional status, engagement in the activities through Popularity Index (PI) and Engagement Social Index (ISE), and use of psychoactive medications.The follow-up is performed every 6 months from admission: T0, T6, T12, and T18 are the time-points. The assessment performed during the pandemic is called Tcovid.Compared to a relative stability in cognition before the pandemic, the assessment at Tcovid showed an accelerated worsening of MMSE and CDR scales. We observed an increase in the prescription of antipsychotics (+5%), antidepressants (+11.7%), and benzodiazepines (+1.7%). As expected, engagement in activities dropped (lower PI and ISE). Functional status gradually worsened during the follow-up, according to the natural progression of dementias, but Tcovid slightly accelerated this process and overall worsened the balance performances.Although we are currently unable to quantify the negative effect of this reorganization, future studies need to address the real impact of pandemic on the guests’ performances.
IDENTIFYING ASSISTED LIVING SAFETY PRIORITIES: A DELPHI PANEL WITH RESIDENT, FAMILY, AND PROFESSIONAL STAKEHOLDERS
Authors: Dictus Cassandra , Cho Youngmin , Bartoldus Victoria , Hoben Matthias , Chamberlain Stephanie , Beeber Anna 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
While assisted living (AL) communities emphasize resident safety, one barrier to resident safety is a lack of information about AL stakeholders’ safety priorities. As part of a larger research project to create a toolkit to foster resident and family engagement in safety in AL, we created a stakeholder panel that includes 13 AL residents, family members, and professionals (i.e., direct care workers, administrators, researchers, and policymakers). This paper describes a web-based Delphi process to create a ranked safety priority list with stakeholders. After three rounds involving online surveys and Zoom group discussions, the stakeholder group came to a consensus on a final list of 14 ranked safety priorities. Using verbatim transcripts of the Zoom discussions and chat, we conducted content analysis to highlight the rationales for the 14 ranked safety priorities on the final list. Reasons to prioritize safety concerns included the seriousness of the impact on AL residents and system-level root causes. These findings will be used to guide the development of a toolkit to improve resident and family engagement in the safety of AL. This list can also help AL communities and researchers at large to better understand what safety priorities are most important to a broad range of AL stakeholders and why.
THE SHORT- AND LONG-TERM IMPACTS OF DEMENTIA ON PREVENTIVE CARE UTILIZATION AND HEALTH BEHAVIORS
Authors: Lin Zhuoer , Chen Xi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Identifying early and consistent signals of dementia risk may offer people more time to prepare for the future, helping to delay the onset or slow the progression of dementia. Using the 1995-2018 waves of Health and Retirement Study, we offered novel evidence on the impacts of dementia and its precursors on a rich set of preventive care utilization and health behaviors in a longitudinal sample of Americans aged 50 and older. Leveraging both within- and between-individual variations in an event study, we characterized short- and long-term dynamic changes in preventive care and health behaviors relative to the incidence of dementia, suggesting early behavioral indicators of the disorder. 3,488 persons with incidence of dementia were identified and 22,619 consecutive person-waves around the incidence of dementia were included to estimate short-term effect. Individuals who never developed dementia were further included as the comparison group for long-term estimation. Results from statistical models showed that incidental dementia was associated with significant reductions in preventive care utilization, including cholesterol test, flu shot, mammogram, prostate test, and dental visit. Significant declines were also found in physical activities and body weights. Moreover, growing declines were observed in preventive care utilization, physical activities, and body weight 4-6 years prior to the incidence of dementia, with escalating impact over time. These findings highlight vulnerability and costs dementia risk may accrue to disrupt preventive care utilization and health behaviors. Targeted interventions are needed to detect signals associated with dementia risk to shield individuals from adverse behavioral and health consequences.
VIGILANCE, STRESS COPING, AND DISPARITIES IN METABOLIC HEALTH OVER THE LIFE COURSE
Authors: Kalesnikava Viktoryia , Evans Michele , Zonderman Alan , Mezuk Briana 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recent investigations of the mechanisms through which stress may impact cardiometabolic health point to the potential importance of cognitive tendencies (e.g., vigilance, coping strategies) in this relationship. This study examined the associations between vigilance and stress coping with metabolic risk, and whether these associations varied by race and life course socioeconomic status (SES). Data come from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study, a cohort of urban adults (n=3720, baseline age 30-64 years; balanced by race, sex, age and household income). Vigilance was measured by the MacArthur Reactive Responding subscale; stress coping was measured by the Brief Cope scale. Metabolic risk was operationalized by metabolic syndrome z-scores (MetS-Z). Linear mixed models were used to examine longitudinal associations between cognitive tendencies and MetS-Z; interaction terms were used to examine effect modification by race and life course SES. Black participants reported higher adaptive coping; participants experiencing persistent poverty or downward mobility reported higher vigilance and avoidant coping and lower adaptive coping. Overall, vigilance was not associated with metabolic risk. Avoidant and adaptive coping were inversely associated with baseline MetS-Z and further varied by sociodemographic factors. Higher adaptive coping was associated with lower MetS-Z among White adults, while higher avoidant coping was associated with lower MetS-Z among Black adults. Lower stress coping were associated with higher MetS-Z among White participants with low lifecourse SES or downward socioeconomic mobility. In sum, stress coping may modulate the stress-health relationship, but these associations must be interpreted within the intersection of contextual factors.
LATE-LIFE CARE FOR OLDER ADULTS: FINDINGS FROM NHATS AND NSOC
Authors: Hu Mengyao , Patterson Sarah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
With the aging of the U.S. population, caregiving has become an emerging public health issue that affects the health and quality of life for millions of care recipients and their caregivers. An increasing number of older adults rely on their family caregiver networks and home-based clinical services for physical, social and emotional support. Caregiving plays an important role in health and wellbeing of older adults both in daily life and in the context of health care, e.g., in post-acute caregiving after hospital discharge. There is a growing interest in identifying caregivers in greatest need of support and developing programs and interventions to help these caregivers. This symposium describes caregiver network and examines the roles of the caregiver network and family caregiving support on care recipients’ and caregivers’ quality-of-life outcomes using the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) and linked National Study on Caregiving (NSOC). This symposium will 1) evaluate typologies of the structures and compositions of caregiver network and examine their effects on care recipients’ well-being; 2) describe findings on associations between caregiving network and caregiver supports with unmet needs among older adults; 3) describe the role of unpaid caregivers after hospital discharge; 4) evaluate effects of family caregiving support in facilitating the use of home-based clinical services by older adults; 5) examine the effects of family disagreement on caregivers’ emotional difficulty and overload in dementia caregiving. Together, these presentations suggest important public health implications for research, policy and practice for improving late-life caregiving.
WHEN FAMILIES DISAGREE: CORRELATES AND STRESS PROCESS OUTCOMES OF FAMILY CAREGIVER DISAGREEMENT
Authors: Leggett Amanda , Koo Hyun Jung , Lee Hannah , Baker Elaina 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Dementia caregiving is a family affair, yet prior research suggests that families often disagree about care provision. We explore correlates of such disagreements and how disagreements relate to stress process outcomes of care. The current study examines 552 family caregivers for Medicare-eligible older adults with dementia from the 2017 National Study of Caregiving. We consider demographic and care characteristics as predictors of family disagreement in a multinomial logistic model, and family disagreement as the key predictor of caregiving overload, emotional difficulty, and gains in linear regressions. Females had greater odds of disagreement, while those with friends and family to talk to and providing assistance with household care activities had lower odds of disagreement. Family disagreement was significantly associated with overload (B=0.95, p&lt;.001) and emotional difficulty (B=0.45, p&lt;.05), but not gains. Interventions to help families manage care disagreements and coordinate care may have great impact on caregiver well-being.
OLDER ADULT ENGAGEMENT IN AGE-FRIENDLY COMMUNITY WORK
Authors: Pope Natalie , Cao Katy (Qiuchang) , Greenfield Emily 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Drawing on 22 interviews with older adults across four states, this qualitative study explores how older adults perceive their age-friendly community work and the personal meaning they derive from participation. Based on iterative coding, findings indicate ways in which geographic differences in the structure and framing of local age-friendly community initiatives set the boundaries, scope, and potential customization of older adult engagement. Across geographies, motivations for starting and sustaining engagement included: perceived personal growth; social connectivity; outlets for advancing skills and passions; and satisfaction from making a difference in the lives of older adults and their broader community. These findings highlight the importance of conceptualizing older adult engagement in age-friendly community work as a dynamic process embedded within intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, and community contexts. Demonstrating multiple ways older adults contribute to placemaking, the findings have implications for older adult engagement at various levels and stages of age-friendly community initiatives.
DUALS AND ASSISTED LIVING: EXAMINING ACCESS AND OUTCOMES
Authors: Thomas Kali , Kim Hyunjee 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Assisted living, a popular long-term care option for older adults needing personal care assistance, is increasingly serving a vulnerable population of low-income older adults dually-enrolled in Medicare and Medicaid (duals). However, we know very little about the needs of this population, their access to assisted living, the quality of care duals are receiving, and how this varies across states and assisted living providers. This symposium will include five presentations using national data and focused on access to assisted living for duals and the quality of care that duals in assisted living settings receive. The first two presentations take different approaches to investigate access to assisted living and how it relates to Medicaid policy: one examines Medicaid policies and their relationship to geographic access, and the other presents results from an analysis examining the association between Medicaid financing and segregation of duals. The next three presentations highlight important findings related to the quality of care for duals in assisted living: one focuses on concentration of duals in assisted living and its relationship with hospitalization and nursing home placement, one examines injury-related emergency department visits among duals, and the final presentation discusses the ability of duals in assisted living to age in place toward the end of life. The discussant, an expert in Medicaid policy, will conclude with a discussion of states’ different approaches for covering services in assisted living through their Medicaid programs, highlighting the opportunities for increasing equitable access and ensuring high quality care is delivered to this vulnerable population.