bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Damage mode identification in carbon/epoxy composite via machine learning and acoustic emission
Authors: Qiao Shuai , Huang Man , Liang Yu‐jiao , Zhang Shuan‐zhu , Zhou Wei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCombining acoustic emission (AE) and machine learning algorithms to understand damage and failure of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) under bending loads is a challenging task in their practical applications. This work aims to identify different characteristics of the signal induced by damage patterns of carbon/epoxy composites using machine learning model. By carrying out wavelet packet analysis of the AE signals allowing the identification of four macroscopic damage modes. Four types of signals corresponding to matrix cracking, delamination, fiber/matrix debonding and fiber breakage are characterized by the frequency bands of the main energy distribution in the original waveform. The frequency bands are (62.5–125 kHz) or (125–187.5 kHz), (187.5–250 kHz), (250–312.5 kHz) and (312.5–375 kHz) and above, respectively. To test the actual performance of the established model, called support vector machine (SVM) classifier, several precracked and untreated specimens have been fabricated and subjected to three‐point bending test. The classification result of constructed classifier was compared with the k‐means algorithm, which is widely accepted for classifying AE signals, and the similarity of the two results is analyzed. The results indicated that the similarity of different clusters exceeded 92%, 84%, 83% and 77%, respectively. It can be seen that the SVM classifier was considered promising to provide new ideas for the health monitoring of composite structures.
Preparation and characterization of toughened polyurea aerogels incorporating linear long‐chain in the structure
Authors: Luo Yumei , Zhou Yi , Bai Xiaodong , Cai Xuetong , Luo Xiuling , Deng Xifeng , Wu Di 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn order to reduce the brittleness of polyurea (PUA) aerogel, reactive incorporation of linear long‐chain poly‐1,4‐butanediol bis(4‐aminobenzoate) (P1000) into PUA backbone was made by reacting mixed diamines with triisocyanates. The mixed diamines were composed of 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA) and P1000. PUA aerogels were produced by freeze‐drying. The effect of P1000 percentage and solid content on the properties of PUA aerogel was investigated. It was found that the little addition of P1000 has a reinforcing and toughening effect on PUA aerogels, where the samples maintain a high extent of hydrogen bonding and low linear shrinkage, with a more compact and homogeneous microstructure. The resulting aerogels show apparent density between 0.05 and 0.18 g/cm3, surface area between 41 and 179 m2/g, and initial decomposition temperature of about 300°C. At 10% solid content and 15 mol % P1000 (in mixed diamines), the overall performance is optimal, with low apparent density (0.113 g/cm3), low thermal conductivity (0.021 W/m K), and high modulus (compressive modulus 7.4 MPa; flexural modulus 18.8 MPa).
Chitin nanocrystals supported copper: a new nanomaterial with high activity with P. syringae pv. Tabaci
Authors: Cao Zhe , Ma Xiaozhou , Zou Aihong , Shi Zhenxu , Xiang Shunyu , Xu Jingyun , Cai Lin , Huang Jin , Sun Xianchao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe application of chemical pesticides in control of plant bacterial disease may cause potential environmental pollution. Herein, based on the resistance‐inducing ability and the special rod‐like structure with high aspect ratio of bio‐derived chitin nanocrystals (ChNC), a new Cu composite rod‐like nanoparticle was fabricated (ChNC@Cu). The antibacterial activity of the composite nanoparticle was systematically studied, and its safety was evaluated.RESULTSTEM, FTIR, ICP and other characterization methods proved that ChNC@Cu is a nano rod‐like structure, with a Cu2+ loading capacity of 2.63%. In vitro experiments showed that the inhibition rate of ChNC@Cu to P. syringae pv. tabaci was more than 95% when the copper content was 41.6 μg mL−1. In vivo experiments showed that ChNC@Cu had a good protective effect on P. syringae pv. tabaci of tobacco. In addition, ChNC@Cu exhibited stronger antibacterial activity than Thiodiazole copper (TC) at the same copper content. The study on the antibacterial mechanism of ChNC@Cu proved that ChNC@Cu caused bacterial death by destroying the bacterial cell membrane structure and damaging the DNA bacteria. And ChNC@Cu is highly safe for plants and can promote seed germination and plant growth.CONCLUSIONThe special rod‐like structure of ChNC can enrich Cu2+ to form ChNC@Cu. ChNC@Cu has a good protective effect on bacterial infection of tobacco, and achieves a great antibacterial activity at low Cu2+ concentration, which indicated that ChNC@Cu has induced resistance and antibacterial effect. As a novel green nanofungicide, ChNC@Cu has high potential application value in control of agricultural bacterial diseases. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Re‐randomization tests as sensitivity analyses to confirm immunological noninferiority of an investigational vaccine: Case study
Authors: Grassano Luca , Ranzato Giulia , Pellegrini Michele , Costantini Marco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHere we present as case study how re‐randomization tests were performed in two randomized, controlled clinical trials as sensitivity analyses, as recommended by the United States Food and Drug Administration in the context of adaptive randomization. This was done to confirm primary conclusions on immunological noninferiority of an investigational new fully liquid presentation of a quadrivalent cross‐reacting material conjugate meningococcal vaccine (MenACWY‐CRM), over its licensed lyophilized/liquid presentation. In two phase 2b studies (Study #1: NCT03652610; Study #2: NCT03433482), noninferiority of the fully liquid presentation of MenACWY‐CRM to the licensed presentation was assessed and demonstrated for immune responses against meningococcal serogroup A (MenA), the only vaccine component modified from lyophilized to liquid in the new presentation. The original vaccine assignment algorithm, with a minimization procedure accounting for center or center within age strata, was used to re‐randomize participants belonging to the fully liquid and licensed vaccine groups while keeping antibody responses, covariates and entry order as observed. Test statistics under re‐randomization were generated according to the ANCOVA model used in the primary analysis. To confirm immunological noninferiority following re‐randomization, the corresponding p‐values had to be <0.025. For both studies and all primary objective evaluations, the re‐randomization p‐values were well below 0.025 (0.0004 for Study #1; 0.0001 for the two co‐primary endpoints in Study #2). Re‐randomization tests performed to comply with a regulatory request confirmed the primary conclusions of immunological noninferiority for the MenA of the fully liquid compared to the licensed vaccine presentation.
Impact of climate change on public health in Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Mariana Abou Mourad , Leite Yuri Luiz Reis , Junior Crispim Cerutti , Vicente Creuza Rachel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBrazil is South America's largest country and economy, represented mainly by agricultural commodities. Its vast rainforest and biodiversity are at constant risk from human actions that are seen by scientists contributing to climate change. This article dissects how Brazil influences and is directly and indirectly affected by climate change and possible strategies to control the current situation. Climate change impacts Brazilian public health in multi‐scenarios and is influenced by socioeconomical and geopolitical aspects, such as urbanization, access to sanitation and sewage, precipitation intensity and frequency, and public health policies. Therefore, surveillance and control measures, alongside socioeconomic policies, must be orchestrated to minimize human actions that impact climate change.
Noninvasive determinants of pulmonary hypertension in interstitial lung disease
Authors: Joseph Phillip , Savarimuthu Stella , Zhao Jiayi , Yan Xiting , Oakland Hannah T. , Cullinan Marjorie , Heerdt Paul M. , Singh Inderjit 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPulmonary hypertension (PH) in interstitial lung disease (ILD) is associated with increased mortality and impaired exertional capacity. Right heart catheterization is the diagnostic standard for PH but is invasive and not readily available. Noninvasive physiologic evaluation may predict PH in ILD. Forty‐four patients with PH and ILD (PH‐ILD) were compared with 22 with ILD alone (non‐PH ILD). Six‐min walk distance (6MWD, 223 ± 131 vs. 331 ± 125 m, p = 0.02) and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO, 33 ± 14% vs. 55 ± 21%, p < 0.001) were lower in patients with PH‐ILD. PH‐ILD patients exhibited a lower gas‐exchange derived pulmonary vascular capacitance (GXCAP, 251 ± 132 vs. 465 ± 282 mL × mmHg, p < 0.0001) and extrapolated maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) (56 ± 32% vs. 84 ± 37%, p = 0.003). Multivariate analysis was performed to determine predictors of VO2max. GXCAP was the only variable that predicted extrapolated VO2max among PH‐ILD and non‐PH ILD patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis assessed the ability of individual noninvasive variables to distinguish between PH‐ILD and non‐PH ILD patients. GXCAP (area under the curve [AUC] 0.85 ± 0.04, p < 0.0001) and delta ETCO2 (AUC 0.84 ± 0.04, p < 0.0001) were the strongest predictors of PH‐ILD. A CART analysis selected GXCAP, estimated right ventricular systolic pressure (eRVSP) by echocardiogram, and FVC/DLCO ratio as predictive variables for PH‐ILD. With this analysis, the AUC improved to 0.94 (sensitivity of 0.86 and sensitivity of 0.93). Patients with a GXCAP ≤ 416 mL × mmHg had an 82% probability of PH‐ILD. Patients with GXCAP ≤ 416 mL × mmHg and high FVC/DLCO ratio >1.7 had an 80% probability of PH‐ILD. Patients with GXCAP ≤ 416 mL × mmHg and an elevated eRVSP by echocardiogram >43 mmHg had 100% probability of PH‐ILD. The incorporation of GXCAP with either eRVSP or FVC/DLCO ratio distinguishes between PH‐ILD and non‐PH‐ILD with high probability and may therefore assist in determining the need to proceed with a diagnostic right heart catheterization and potential initiation of pulmonary arterial hypertension‐directed therapy in PH‐ILD patients.
Neuroadptive quantization tracking control with accelerate convergence rate for self‐restructuring systems
Authors: Gao Zhen , Wen Changyun , Song Yongduan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the tracking control problem for a class of self‐restructuring systems with quantized input. The underlying system model is different from the one with fixed structure, and is able to reflect the impact arising from subsystem failure, system switching, and subsystem self‐expansion and so forth. Furthermore, the system is driven with quantized input. For such systems we develop a neural network‐based adaptive quantization control method with several attractive features including: (1) it is a less model‐dependent based control approach with which little information on the system model is required; (2) the quantized input does not require exact knowledge of quantization parameters; (3) the tracking error is ensured to be ultimately uniformly bounded and convergence rate of the tracking error is adjustable via the introduced rate function in the control algorithm, and the tracking error converges into a specific compact set. The benefits and feasibility of the proposed control method are also validated and confirmed by numerical simulations.
Flow resistance law in channels with fully submerged and rigid vegetation
Authors: Nicosia Alessio , Carollo Francesco G. , Di Stefano Costanza , Pasquino Vittorio , Ferro Vito 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe estimate of flow resistance in vegetated channels is a challenging topic for programming riparian vegetation management, controlling channel conveyance and flooding propensity, for designing soil bioengineering practices. In this paper, measurements collected by Gualtieri et al. (2018), in a flume where rigid cylinders were set in two arrangements (staggered, aligned) at high submergence ratios (ratio between the water depth and the vegetation height greater than 5), were used to study the effect of rigid submerged vegetation on estimating flow resistance. The theoretical flow resistance equation, obtained by integrating the power flow velocity distribution, was first summarized. Then, this flow resistance equation was calibrated and tested by measurements of Gualtieri et al. (2018). In particular, a relationship between the Γ function of the power velocity distribution, the channel slope, the flow Froude number, and the submergence ratio was established by using the available measurements carried out for the two arrangements with different stem concentrations. The calibration of this relationship was carried out by (i) distinguishing measurements corresponding to different vegetation arrangements (staggered, aligned), (ii) joining all available data, and (iii) using only a scale factor representing the effect of vegetation arrangements. For the cases (ii) and (iii), the analysis demonstrated that the theoretical flow resistance equation allows an accurate estimate of the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor, which is characterized by errors that are always less than 5% and less than or equal to 2.5% for 88% of the investigated cases.
Particle size distribution of growing media constituents using dynamic image analysis: Parametrization and comparison to sieving
Authors: Durand Stan , Jackson Brian E. , Fonteno William C. , Michel Jean‐Charles 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGrowing media constituents have heterogeneous particle size and shape, and their physical properties are partly related to them. Particle size distribution is usually analyzed through sieving process, segregating the particles by their width. However, sieving techniques are best describing more granular shapes and are not as reliable for materials exhibiting large varieties of shapes, like growing media constituents. A dynamic image analysis has been conducted for a multidimensional characterization of particle size distribution of several growing media constituents (white and black peats, pine bark, coir, wood fiber, and perlite), from particles that were segregated and dispersed in water. Diameters describing individual particle width and length were analyzed, then compared to particle size distribution obtained by dry and wet sieving methods. This work suggests the relevance of two parameters, FeretMAXand ChordMINdiameters for assessing particle length and width, respectively. They largely varied among the growing media constituents, confirming their non‐spherical (i.e., elongated) shapes, demonstrating the advantages of using dynamic image analysis tools over traditional sieving methods. Furthermore, large differences in particle size distribution were also observed between dynamic image analysis and sieving procedures, with a finer distribution for dynamic image analysis. The discrepancies observed between methodologies were discussed (particle segregation, distribution weighing, etc.), while describing in details methodological limitations of dynamic image analysis.
Subaqueous pedology and soil‐landscape model evaluation in South River, Maryland, USA
Authors: Park Cedric Evan , Wessel Barret M. , Rabenhorst Martin C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUsing a subaqueous soil‐landscape conceptual model previously developed in an adjacent subestuary, a subaqueous soil survey was undertaken for the South River subestuary of Chesapeake Bay. Using available bathymetry, subaqueous landforms and soil map units were delineated prior to the initiation of any field work. To evaluate the predictive usefulness of the conceptual model, the study area was subsequently sampled at 52 points along specified transects. The soils were described and classified, and the observed soils were compared to the predicted soils from the model using a bootstrapping analysis approach. We concluded that the conceptual model did provide significant positive guidance to generate a useful soil map in South River, by successfully predicting the distribution of soil material types. It did not, however, address the distribution of hypersulfidic materials prevalent in South River soils. The additional information gained on the soils and pedogenic processes gained during this study were incorporated into the final soil survey for the subestuary, and they were also used to refine the soil‐landscape conceptual model to improve its potential usefulness in future mapping of western shore subestuaries of Chesapeake Bay.
Cover crop composition in long‐term no‐till soils in semi‐arid environments do not influence soil health measurements after one year
Authors: Bielenberg Hunter , Clark Jason D. , Sanyal Debankur , Wolthuizen John , Karki David , Rahal Amin , Bly Anthony 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEvaluating the influence of grass or broadleaf cover crops on soil health measurements is common in the northern US Midwest. However, the comparison among different cover crop mixtures, including blends of both grass and broadleaf species is limited. In 2018–2020, cover crop experiments were conducted in South Dakota at 11 site‐years. Cover crops were planted in the summer after small grains harvest as mixtures of dominantly grasses or broadleaves, a 50/50 grass/broadleaf mixture, and a no cover crop control. Soil and above‐ground plant residue samples were collected in the fall before winter termination and in the spring before corn planting. Soil samples were analyzed for permanganate oxidizable carbon, potentially mineralizable nitrogen, and soil respiration. Fall and spring above‐ground plant biomass in the cover crop plots were similar to the no cover crop control plots in seven of 11 site‐years. Thus, growing cover crop mixes may accelerate decomposition of above‐ground plant residue, possibly due to higher microbial diversity and activity under cover crops. However, including cover crops regardless of the mixture did not improve selected biological soil health indicators. Weather and soil properties (precipitation, soil organic matter, and pH) were related to differences in soil health measurements among site‐years. Overall, in the first year of planting a multi‐species mixture of grasses and/or broadleaves after small grain harvest, growers should not expect to find differences in soil health measurements. Long‐term trials are needed to determine whether these different cover crop mixtures change soil health over time.
Facile Fabrication of Monodisperse Micron‐Sized Dual Janus Silica Particles with Asymmetric Morphology and Chemical Environment
Authors: Wang Chenyang , Ma Shujuan , Wei Yinmao , Ou Junjie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractJanus particles are a kind of materials with asymmetric morphology or surface chemical environment. But so far, the preparation of particles with dual asymmetry is still a challenging problem. Hence the cation surfactant hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and co‐surfactant octadecylamine are applied to improve the Pickering emulsion stability, and the micron‐sized silica particles are arranged in a single layer at the toluene–water interface through electrostatic interaction. Furthermore, organosilane reagents are added in the preparation process, resulting in the construction of asymmetric hydrophilic or hydrophobic mesoporous precisely onto the micron‐sized silica particles surface. The cation surfactant‐assisted Pickering emulsion method is simple, effective, and convenience, which can be applied in the synthesis of various dual Janus silica particles for specific applications.
Shear and interface shear of semi‐precast slabs with lattice girders under monotonic loading
Authors: Hillebrand Matthias , Hegger Josef 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSemi‐precast slabs, where lattice girders serve both as reinforcement in the construction and in the final state, are characterized by a high flexibility and cost efficiency. Due to their technical and economic advantages, they are widely employed in constructions all over the world. In Germany, for example, they are used in about 70% of all floor slabs. To address this economic potential and to improve the design concept for shear and interface shear, theoretical and experimental investigations were conducted at the Institute of Structural Concrete (IMB), RWTH Aachen University. In addition to presenting the general structural behavior of the 16 tests, particular attention is paid to the increase in shear and interface shear resistance at the inner support of continuous slabs and the positive influences of the investigated support detail. The findings illustrate further potential for optimization under monotonic loading, which will also have a positive effect on the fatigue behavior under cyclic loading.
Experimental cyclic behavior of concrete interfaces with postinstalled reinforcing bars or alternative connectors
Authors: Palieraki Vasiliki , Oikonomopoulou Erato , Genesio Giovacchino , Vintzileou Elizabeth 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this experimental campaign, concrete‐to‐concrete interfaces were examined under cyclic actions, crossed by postinstalled reinforcing bars or industrial steel screws. In addition, the effect of the embedment length and the roughness was investigated. It was observed that different failure modes occur, depending on the different connector types and embedment depths. The positive effect of roughness on the interface resistance was confirmed, but the results indicate that, for very high roughness values, the resistance may be smaller than for moderate values. It was also noticed that the behavior of interfaces crossed by mechanical anchors was less stiff in the ascending branch and exhibited a less steep falling branch. The extension of the project on testing thin overlays showed that the resistance was significantly affected in case of cyclic loading, suggesting that the use of any type of anchor in seismic conditions needs to be supported by adequate experimental evidence.
Seismic damage identification of moment frames based on random forest algorithm and enhanced gray wolf optimization
Authors: Nourizadeh Hadi , Seyedpoor Seyed Mohammad 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThe present study aims to identify damage in two‐dimensional (2‐D) moment frames using seismic responses by combining the random forest (RF) machine classifier and the enhanced gray wolf optimizer (EGWO) metaheuristic algorithm. First, a 2‐D moment frame for the dynamic analysis is simulated using the finite element method (FEM). Then, the placement of sensors is optimized using a proposed optimal sensor placement (POSP) method, which is a combination of the iterated improved reduced system (IIRS) and the binary differential evolution (BDE) optimization algorithm. The acceleration responses of the moment frame having damaged elements under 1995 Kobe earthquake are measured at the optimal sensor placement. Then, the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the structure are extracted using the auto‐regressive model with exogenous input method (ARX) as a system identification method. The natural frequencies are exploited to train an RF machine learning network that can find the damaged story of the moment frame. Then, EGWO is employed to accurately locate and quantify the damaged elements of the structure. The efficiency of the proposed method is assessed through considering a six‐story frame with 18 elements, a seven‐story frame with 49 elements, and the experimental data of an eight‐story frame for various conditions. The results show that the RF algorithm has an outstanding performance to correctly find a damaged story. Furthermore, the location and severity of damaged elements are precisely determined by EGWO algorithm. As a final outcome, it is demonstrated that the two‐step proposed method is very effective in seismically identifying damage to such structures.