bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobbing calls of seven species of Parids under the paradigm of the FME-D combination
Authors: Salis Ambre , Lengagne Thierry , Miele Vincent , Sieving Kathryn , Henry Hannah , Léna Jean-Paul 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The combinatorial properties of birds’ mobbing calls provide a focus for understanding signal evolution in the higher vertebrates. Indeed, when mobbing a predator, several Parids produce a combinatorial call: first, frequency-modulated elements (FME) followed by broadband frequency notes (D notes). No quantitative data is present in the literature to confirm the ubiquity of this combinatorial call in Parids’ mobbing calls. In the present study, we recorded sequences of seven species and analyzed whether (1) the dichotomy between FME and D notes stands for all species despite the large variation in acoustic properties found between species, and (2) whether the FME-D call is pervasive in mobbing situations. FME and D notes were efficiently labelled and clustered in each species because of their large differences in peak frequency and bandwidth. Modulation and duration, in contrast, were not useful for all species. With the help of a machine learning program, we analyzed the organization of the calls produced by the seven species. Six of them used FME-D calls more than chance but the coal tit P. ater rarely produced FME-D calls. No other particular call combination was predominant in all of the seven species (e.g. D-FME calls). These results pave the way for comparative research on combinatoriality in Parids to better understand to which extent birds process combinatorial rules.
Female sex and overweight are associated with a lower quality of life in patients with myasthenia gravis: a single center cohort study
Authors: Wilcke Hannah , Glaubitz Stefanie , Kück Fabian , Anten Christoph , Liebetanz David , Schmidt Jens , Zschüntzsch Jana 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background:
Myasthenia gravis (MG) affects individuals as a chronic paraneoplastic or autoimmune disease for many years. Commonly, chronic diseases significantly reduce the patients’ quality of life. Aiming to improve the future quality of life in MG, this study assessed the key determinants relevant for living with MG. As gender-specific medicine is becoming increasingly important, this study also focused on understanding gender differences in the outcome of MG.
Methods:
The study is a combined monocentric, retrospective and prospective database analysis of patient records based on 2,370 presentations of 165 patients with clinically, serologically and/or electrophysiologically confirmed MG over an observation period of up to 47 years. The data collection included the following parameters: antibody status, disease severity, age, medication use, gender, and disease duration. In addition, a prospective survey was conducted on the quality of life using the Myasthenia gravis-specific 15-item Quality of Life scale (MG-QoL15) and on the activities of daily living using the MG-specific Activities of Daily Living scale (MG-ADL).
Results:
Of the 165 patients, 85 were male (51.5%) and 80 were female (48.5%). The remaining baseline characteristics (e.g. age and antibody status) were consistent with other myasthenia gravis cohorts. A high body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.005) and a high disease severity (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with lower disease-specific quality of life. Additionally, the quality of life in women with MG was significantly reduced compared to male patients (19.7 vs. 13.0 points in the MG-QoL15, p = 0.024). Gender differences were also observable in terms of the period between initial manifestation and initial diagnosis and women were significantly more impaired in their activities of daily living (MG-ADL) than men (4.8 vs. 3.0 points, p = 0.032).
Conclusion:
Women with MG had significantly poorer disease specific quality of life compared to men as well as patients with a higher BMI. In order to improve the quality of life, gender-specific medicine and a normal BMI are essential.
Trial registration
Study approval by the Ethics Committee of the University Medical Center Göttingen was granted (number 6/5/18).
Prolonging somatic cell proliferation through constitutive hox gene expression in C. elegans
Authors: Heinze Svenia , Berger Simon , Engleitner Stefanie , Daube Michael , Hajnal Alex 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
hox genes encode a conserved family of homeobox transcription factors that are essential to determine the identity of body segments during embryogenesis and maintain adult somatic stem cells competent to regenerate organs. In contrast to higher organisms, somatic cells in C. elegans irreversibly exit the cell cycle after completing their cell lineage, and the adult soma cannot regenerate.
Here, we show that hox gene expression levels in C. elegans determine the temporal competence of somatic cells to proliferate. Down-regulation of the central hox gene lin-39 in dividing vulval cells results in their premature cell cycle exit, whereas constitutive lin-39 expression causes precocious Pn.p cell and sex myoblast divisions and prolongs the proliferative phase of the vulval cells past their normal point of arrest. Furthermore, ectopic expression of hox genes in the quiescent anchor cell re-activates the cell cycle and induces proliferation until young adulthood. Thus, constitutive expression of a single hox transcription factor is sufficient to prolong somatic cell proliferation beyond the restriction imposed by the cell lineage. The down-regulation of hox gene expression in most somatic cells at the end of larval development is one cause for the absence of cell proliferation in adult C. elegans.
Trusting Young Children Causes Them to Cheat Less
Authors: Zhao Li , Harris Paul , Mao Haiying , Lee Kang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Trust and honesty are essential for human interactions. Philosophers since antiquity have long posited that they are causally linked. Evidence shows that honesty elicits trust from others but little is known about the reverse: Does trust lead to honesty? Here we investigated whether trusting young children can cause them to become more honest using a naturalistic field study design (total N = 328 across five studies; 168 boys; Mage = 5.67, SDage = 0.28). We observed kindergarten children’s cheating behavior after they had been entrusted by an adult to help her with a task. We found that children who were trusted cheated less than children who were not trusted. Our study provides novel evidence for the causal effect of trust on honesty and contributes to the understanding of how social factors influence morality. This finding also points to the potential of using adult trust as an effective method to promote honesty in children.
Risk of epilepsy in gonadal teratoma: A nationwide population- based study
Authors: Kim Seonghoon , Kim Hasung , Lee Jungkuk , Lee Si Baek , Hong Yun Jeong , Oh Yoon-Sang , Park Jeong Wook 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder. Systemic tumors are associated with an increased risk of epileptic events. Paraneoplastic encephalitis related to gonadal teratoma is frequently accompanied by seizures and life-threatening status epilepticus (SE). However, the risk of epilepsy in gonadal teratoma has not been studied. This study aims to investigate the relationship between epileptic events and gonadal teratoma. This retrospective cohort study used the Korean National Health Insurance (KNHI) database. The study population was divided into two study arms (ovarian teratoma vs. control and testicular teratoma vs. control) with 1:2 age and gender-matched control groups without a history of gonadal teratoma or other malignancy. Participants with other malignancies, neurologic disorders, and metastatic brain lesions were excluded. We observed the occurrence of epileptic events during the observation period (2013–2018) and investigated the risk of epileptic events in each gonadal teratoma group compared to controls. In addition, the influence of malignancy and tumor removal was investigated. The final analysis included 94,203 women with ovarian teratoma, 2,314 men with testicular teratoma, and controls. Ovarian teratoma is associated with a higher risk of epilepsy without SE (HR, 1.244; 95% CI, 1.112–1.391) and epilepsy with SE (HR, 2.012; 95% CI, 1.220–3.318) compared to the control group. The risk of epilepsy without SE was higher in malignant ovarian teratoma (HR, 1.661; 95% CI, 1.358–2.033) than in benign (HR, 1.172; 95% CI, 1.037–1.324). Testicular teratoma did not show significant relations with epileptic events. The risk of epileptic events showed a tendency to decrease after removing the ovarian teratoma. This study found that ovarian teratoma is associated with a higher risk of epileptic events, especially in malignant tumors, whereas testicular teratoma did not show significant differences in epileptic events compared to the control group. This study adds to the current understanding of the association between gonadal teratoma and epileptic events.
Double Boron–Oxygen-Fused Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Skeletal Editing and Applications in Organic Optoelectronic Materials
Authors: Xu Kewei , Zheng Jianbing , Fang Xiaoli , Yang Yun-Fang , Lou Weiwei , Chu Qingshan , Dai Jianxin , Chen Qidong , Yang Yuning , She Yuan-Bin , Li Guijie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We developed an efficient one-pot strategy for the facile synthesis of novel double boron–oxygen-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (dBO-PAHs) with high regioselectivity and efficient skeletal editing. The BO-fused rings exhibit low aromaticity, endowing the dBO-PAHs with high chemical and thermal stabilities. The incorporation of the B–O units enables the dBO-PAHs to show single-component, low-temperature ultralong afterglow of up to 20 s after UV excitation. Moreover, the dBO-PAHs can also serve as ideal n-type host materials for high-brightness and high-efficiency deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs); compared to single host, BO1b:mCBP co-hosts-based deep-blue OLEDs exhibited dramatically brightness and efficiency enhancements with significantly reduced efficiency roll-offs; device 7 using PtON1 as emitter achieved a maximum brightness (Lmax) of 15722 cd/m2 with a peak EQE of 27.1%, which represented the record-high Lmax among Pt(II)-based deep-blue OLEDs with CIEy < 0.20; device 9 employing PtON-TBBI as emitter demonstrated a 4.6-fold Lmax enhancement with a high color-purity (CIEy = 0.104), and also achieved a record-high EQE (28.0%) among Pt(II)-based deep-blue OLEDs. This work demonstrates the great potential of the dBO-PAHs as ultralong afterglow and novel n-type host materials in optoelectronic applications.
Multidisciplinary prehabilitation to improve frailty and functional capacity in high-risk elective surgical patients: a retrospective pilot study
Authors: Wong Henry MK , Qi Ding , Ma Bosco HM , Hou PY , Kwong Calvin KW , Lee Anna , Group* Prehab Study 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Frailty is associated with worse outcomes and higher healthcare costs. The long waiting time for surgery is a potential “teachable” moment. We examined the feasibility and safety of a pilot prehabilitation program on high-risk frail patients undergoing major elective surgery.
Methods
A single-centre, retrospective pilot study (Dec 2020-Nov 2021) on a one-stop prehabilitation program (structured exercise training, nutritional counselling/therapy and psychological support) in collaboration with geriatricians and allied health professionals. At least 4 weeks before surgery, patients at high risk of frailty or malnutrition, or undergoing major hepatectomy, esophagectomy, pancreaticoduodenectomy or radical cystectomy were referred for prehabilitation (2–3 sessions/week). The primary outcomes were the feasibility and safety of prehabilitation. The secondary outcomes were changes in functional, emotional, and nutritional status, and days alive and at home within 30 days after surgery (DAH30) associated with prehabilitation.
Results
Over a 12-month period, 72 out of 111 patients (64.9%) from the Perioperative Medicine Clinic were eligible for prehabilitation, of which 54 (75%) were recruited. Mean (standard deviation) age was 71.9 (6.9) years. The adherence rate to three-weeks of prehabilitation was high in 52 (96.3%) participants. Prehabilitation improved exercise capacity (P = 0.08), enhanced some functional mobility measures (P = 0.02), and increased nutritional energy (P = 0.04) and protein intakes (P < 0.01). However, prehabilitation-related changes in muscle strength, cognitive function and emotional resilience were minimal. The median (interquatile range) DAH30 was 19 (14–23) days. No adverse events were reported
Conclusions
This outpatient based, one-stop multidisciplinary prehabilitation program was feasible, safe, and improved several measures of patient’s physiological reserve and functional capacity.
Clinical trial registration ID:
NCT05668221
Causal associations between hand grip strength and pulmonary function: A two-sample mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhao Xianghu , Xu Wenyuan , Gu Yanchao , Li Zhanghua , Sun Guiju 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Several observational studies have reported an association between hand grip strength (HGS) and pulmonary function (PF). However, causality is unclear. To investigate whether HGS and PF are causally associated, we performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.
Methods: We identified 110 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for right-hand grip strength (RGHS) and 103 independent SNPs for left-hand grip strength (LGHS) at the genome-wide significant threshold (P < 5 × 10−8) from MRC-IEU Consortium and evaluated these related to PF. MR estimates were calculated using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method and multiple sensitivity analyses were further performed.
Results: Genetical liability to HGS was positively causally associated with forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), but not with FVC/FEV1. In addition, there was positive causal association between RGHS and FVC (OR=1.519; 95% CI, 1.418-1.627; P=8.96E-33), and FEV1 (OR=1.486; 95% CI, 1.390-1.589; P=3.19E-31); and positive causal association between LGHS and FVC (OR=1.464; 95% CI, 1.385-1.548; P=2.83E-41) and FEV1 (OR=1.419; 95% CI, 1.340-1.502; P=3.19E-33). Nevertheless, no associations were observed between RGHS and FEV1/FVC (OR=0.998; 95% CI, 0.902-1.103; and between LGHS and FEV1/FVC (OR=0.966; 95% CI, 0.861-1.083; P=5.52E-01). Similar results were shown in several sensitivity analyses.
Conclusion: Our study provides support at the genetic level that GHS is positively causally associated with FVC and FEV1, but not with FVC/FEV1. Interventions for HGS in PF impairment deserve further exploration as potential indicators of PF assessment.
A Mathematical Model for Simulating Photoacoustic Signal Generation Process in Biological Tissues
Authors: GadAllah Mohammed Tarek , Mohamed Abd El-Naser A. , Hefnawy Alaa , Zidan Hassan , El-Banby Ghada , Badawy Samir Mohamed 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Biomedical photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a hybrid imaging modality based on the laser-generated ultrasound waves due to the photoacoustic (PA) effect physical phenomenon that has been reported firstly by A. G. Bell in 1880. Numerical modeling based simulation for PA signal generation process in biological tissues helps researchers for decreasing error trials in-vitro and hence decreasing error rates for in-vivo experiments. Numerical modeling methods help in obtaining a rapid modeling procedure comparable to pure mathematics. However, if a proper simplified mathematical model can be founded before applying numerical modeling techniques, it will be a great advantage for the overall numerical model. More scientific theories, equations, and assumptions through the biomedical PA imaging research literature have been proposed trying to mathematically model the complete PA signal generation and propagation process in biological tissues. However, most of them have so complicated details. Hence, the researchers, especially the beginners, will find a hard difficulty to explore and obtain a proper simplified mathematical model describing the process. That’s why this paper is introduced.
Methods
In this paper we have tried to simplify understanding for the biomedical PA wave’s generation and propagation process, deducing a simplified mathematical model for the whole process. The proposed deduced model is based on three steps: a- pulsed laser irradiance, b- diffusion of light through biological tissue, and c- acoustic pressure wave generation and propagation from the target tissue to the ultrasound transducer surface.
Real-time monitoring method for surface roughness of γ-TiAl alloy based on deep learning of time-frequency diagram
Authors: Wu Yongxian , Liu Linyan , Huang Lei , wang zhenhua 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
γ-TiAl alloy is a typically difficult material to machine, and machining defects such as grain pull-out and material spalling are common during machining, resulting in component scrap. As a result, it is critical to investigate the real-time monitoring method of surface roughness during milling. A new model for predicting surface roughness is proposed in this article. Based on the idea of deep learning, the prediction problem of surface roughness is turned into a classification problem. The features of the force signal are extracted using a continuous wavelet transform, and the one-dimensional signal is converted into a two-dimensional time-frequency diagram to obtain more information. The transfer learning mechanism is introduced to make the model run faster and improve prediction accuracy. The overfitting problem is solved and the model's generalization ability is improved through batch normalization and dropout layer, and the prediction accuracy is increased by 3%. The results show that the method has high recognition accuracy, with a maximum classification accuracy of 98% and an average accuracy of 96.12%, a 6% improvement over the traditional model, allowing it to accurately realize real-time monitoring of surface quality in milling processing.
Comparison of Efficacy and Safety between Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy and Tubular Microdiscectomy for Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Shichao , Wang Rui , Chen Haodong , Zhuang Yuandong , Chen Chunmei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Existing studies suggested that the efficacy and safety of tubular microdiscectomy (TMD) and percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (TED) for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) was similar to open microdiscectomy (OMD). No head-to-head randomized controlled trials (RCTs) between TMD and TED for LDH have been reported, however, making room for indirect, integrated comparisons. Network meta-analysis (NMA) based on RCTs was used to comparing the clinical efficacy and safety of TMD and TED for LDH.
Methods
We systematically searched online databases of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase from inception through March 2023 for eligible literature. The following search terms were used: “transforaminal endoscopic discectomy,” “microdiscectomy,” “endoscopic,” “minimally invasive,” “tubular microdiscectomy,” “spinal disease,” and “randomized clinical trial”. Primary outcomes were Oswestry disability index (ODI), visual analogue scale (VAS) for leg pain, complications, and reoperation. Direct comparison meta-analyses and NMA were carried out.
Results
Eight RCTs (1391 patients) met the inclusion criteria. NMA indicated that there was no significant difference in any of the outcomes between TED and TMD. Trend analyses of rank probabilities showed that cumulative probabilities of being the most effective treatment, as measured by primary outcomes (VAS, ODI, reoperation, complications), were: TED (95%, 77%, 23%, 58%), TMD (4%, 22%, 54%, 36%), OMD (1%,1%, 23%, 6%).
Conclusion
This NMA showed no significant differences between TED and TMD in efficacy and safety for LDH.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020156123.
Incidence of congenital tracheal stenosis in left pulmonary artery sling diagnosed by bronchoscopy
Authors: Tsuji Emi , Morita Keiichi , Matsuhisa Hironori , Bitoh Yuko , Hatakeyama Tadashi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose Congenital tracheal stenosis (CTS) has been reported to occur in 50–65% of cases of left pulmonary artery sling (LPAS), but the exact incidence rate is unknown. This study aimed to determine the actual rate by using bronchoscopy and to elucidate morphological features in computed tomography (CT) diagnosis.Methods We performed a single institutional retrospective review of all patients with LPAS between January 2010 and March 2022. The percentage of complete tracheal rings in patients with LPAS was evaluated using bronchoscopy. The anteroposterior/lateral diameter ratios at the smallest and largest diameters of each CTS patient’s trachea were measured on CT. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze the differences between the two parts.Results Fifty-two patients with LPAS were enrolled. All patients had complete tracheal rings on bronchoscopy. CT analysis of 32 patients with CTS was performed. The median anteroposterior/lateral diameter ratio at the smallest diameter was 1.05 (interquartile range [IQR], 0.95–1.15); the median ratio at the largest diameter was 0.94 (IQR, 0.89–0.99). There was a significant difference between the two parts (p = 0.013).Conclusion CTS might be universally associated with LPAS. The circular tracheal cross-section on CT might imply the existence of a complete tracheal ring.
Design, synthesis, and characterization of novel Xc- transport inhibitors: Inhibition of microglial glutamate release and neurotoxicity
Authors: Gajewski Mariusz , Barger Steven 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Neuroinflammation appears to involve some degree of excitotoxicity promulgated by microglia, which release glutamate via the system Xc- cystine-glutamate antiporter. With the aim of mitigating this source of neuronal stress and toxicity, we have developed a panel of inhibitors of the Xc- antiporter. The compounds were based on L-tyrosine, as elements of its structure align with those of glutamate, a primary physiological substrate of the Xc- antiporter. In addition to 3,5-dibromotyrosine, ten compounds were synthesized via amidation of that parent molecule with a selection of acyl halides. These agents were tested for the ability to inhibit release of glutamate from microglia activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an activity exhibited by eight of the compounds. Two of these were further tested for the ability to inhibit death of primary cortical neurons in the presence of activated microglia. While both showed some neuroprotective activity, they were quantitatively distinct with a compound we refer to as “35DBTA7” showing the greatest efficacy. This agent may hold promise in reducing the neurodegenerative effects of neuroinflammation in conditions such as encephalitis, traumatic brain injury, stroke, or neurodegenerative diseases.