bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cost of firearm violent crime in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Rajabali Fahra , Turcotte Kate , Zheng Alex , Pauls Nick , Nguyen Tony , Kalman Evelyn , Covic Vedrana , Pike Ian 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThis study aimed to quantify the total cost of violent firearm-related offenses in British Columbia in 2016 Canadian dollars over a five-year period, 2012 to 2016. The purposes of this study were to estimate the direct costs to the health care system and indirect costs to society for violent firearm injuries and deaths; and to estimate criminal justice system costs pertaining to firearm incidents.MethodsHuman and economic costs to the health care system and productivity losses were calculated using health administrative datasets such as B.C. Vital Statistics and Discharge Abstract Database. Criminal justice system costs pertaining to firearm incidents were estimated by applying weighted average costs to aggregate expenditures using methodology consistent with that used by Statistics Canada.ResultsThere was a total of 108 deaths and 245 hospitalizations resulting from violent firearm injuries. The total estimated cost of all violent firearm crime averaged $294,378,985 per year; human costs averaged $188,416,841 per year, where health care costs averaged $3,910,317 per year, productivity losses from workforce and household averaged $17,299,054 and $4,559,470 per year, respectively, and loss of life averaged $162,648,000; and $105,021,145 in criminal justice system costs, and $941,000 in programming costs.ConclusionThis study clearly demonstrates the significant cost of violent firearm injury in British Columbia and the impacts on the health care system, criminal justice system, and to society at large, particularly within the criminal justice system where the costs were significantly higher than health care.
The mental health of Asian American adolescents and young adults amid the rise of anti-Asian racism
Authors: Huynh James , Chien Jessie , Nguyen Amy T. , Honda Delanie , Cho Emily EunYoung , Xiong Maliya , Doan Tran T. , Ngo Thoai D. 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesWe describe the perceptions and experiences of anti-Asian racism and violence and depression severity prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic among a sample of Asian American (AA) adolescents and young adults.MethodsWe used data from the Young Asian American Health Survey (YAAHS), an online-recruited sample of AA adolescents (ages 13–17) and young adults (ages 18–29 years) conducted during May 2021 to March 2022. We presented descriptive statistics examining the univariate distribution and bivariate relationships of depression severity, sociodemographic characteristics, and experiences and perceptions of anti-Asian violence.ResultsOur sample (n = 176) comprised AA adolescents and young adults from 17 Asian ethnicities. A quarter said that the frequency and/or severity of their personal experiences of anti-Asian harassment had increased since the pandemic started. 76% indicated feeling less safe now than before the pandemic. Two-thirds reported that their depressive symptoms have increased since the pandemic started. Participants who reported feeling less safe now than before the pandemic were more likely to report increased personal experiences with anti-Asian harassment and increased depression severity since the pandemic started than those who reported feeling as safe or safer before the pandemic (p &lt; 0.01 for both).DiscussionFindings illustrate AA adolescent and young adults are experiencing multiple health and social crises stemming from increased anti-Asian racism during the COVID-19 pandemic. We urge policymakers to strengthen data systems that connect racial discrimination and mental health and to institute prevention measures and anti-racist mental health services that are age- and culturally-appropriate for AA adolescent and young adults.
Digital maturity and its determinants in General Practice: A cross-sectional study in 20 countries
Authors: Teixeira Fábia , Li Edmond , Laranjo Liliana , Collins Claire , Irving Greg , Fernandez Maria Jose , Car Josip , Ungan Mehmet , Petek Davorina , Hoffman Robert , Majeed Azeem , Nessler Katarzyna , Lingner Heidrun , Jimenez Geronimo , Darzi Ara , Jácome Cristina , Neves Ana Luísa 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThe extent to which digital technologies are employed to promote the delivery of high-quality healthcare is known as Digital Maturity. Individual and systemic digital maturity are both necessary to ensure a successful, scalable and sustainable digital transformation in healthcare. However, digital maturity in primary care has been scarcely evaluated.ObjectivesThis study assessed the digital maturity in General Practice (GP) globally and evaluated its association with participants' demographic characteristics, practice characteristics and features of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) use.MethodsGPs across 20 countries completed an online questionnaire between June and September 2020. Demographic data, practice characteristics, and features of EHRs use were collected. Digital maturity was evaluated through a framework based on usage, resources and abilities (divided in this study in its collective and individual components), interoperability, general evaluation methods and impact of digital technologies. Each dimension was rated as 1 or 0. The digital maturity score was calculated as the sum of the six dimensions and ranged between 0 to 6 (maximum digital maturity). Multivariable linear regression was used to model the total score, while multivariable logistic regression was used to model the probability of meeting each dimension of the score.ResultsOne thousand six hundred GPs (61% female, 68% Europeans) participated. GPs had a median digital maturity of 4 (P25–P75: 3–5). Positive associations with digital maturity were found with: male gender [B = 0.18 (95% CI 0.01; 0.36)], use of EHRs for longer periods [B = 0.45 (95% CI 0.35; 0.54)] and higher frequencies of access to EHRs [B = 0.33 (95% CI 0.17; 0.48)]. Practicing in a rural setting was negatively associated with digital maturity [B = −0.25 (95%CI −0.43; −0.08)]. Usage (90%) was the most acknowledged dimension while interoperability (47%) and use of best practice general evaluation methods (28%) were the least. Shorter durations of EHRs use were negatively associated with all digital maturity dimensions (aOR from 0.09 to 0.77).ConclusionOur study demonstrated notable factors that impact digital maturity and exposed discrepancies in digital transformation across healthcare settings. It provides guidance for policymakers to develop more efficacious interventions to hasten the digital transformation of General Practice.
High and low inferior mesenteric artery ligation in laparoscopic low anterior rectal resections: A retrospective study
Authors: Yu Jun , Chen Yi , Li Tong , Sheng Bo , Zhen Zhuo , Liu Chang , Zhang Jianbo , Yan Qian , Zhu Peng 
Published: January 2023

BackgroudThe high or low inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) ligation in rectal cancer remains a great debate. This study retrospectively discussed the outcomes of the perioperative period, defecation and urinary function and long-term prognosis in rectal cancer patients with high or low IMA ligation.MethodsThis study enrolled 220 consecutive rectal cancer cases, including 134 with high IMA ligation and 86 with low ligation. A comparison between the two groups was made for anastomotic leakage, low anterior resection syndrome (LARS), international prostate symptom score (IPSS), 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and 5-year overall survival (OS).ResultsLow-ligation group had a longer operative time, and larger intraoperative blood loss. No significant difference was noted in anastomotic leakage incidence. In multivariable analysis, the male gender and tumor located at the lower rectum were identified as risk factors for anastomotic leakage. No significant differences were observed between groups in their LARS and IPSS questionnaire responses. The high-ligation vs. the low-ligation 5-year OS and DFS were 78.3% vs. 82.4% and 72.4% vs. 76.6%, respectively, which were not statistically different.ConclusionThe ligation level of the IMA had no significant effect on the anastomotic leakage incidence, defecation, urinary function, and long-term prognosis.
Intradural lumbar disc herniation of L2–L3: A case report and literature review
Authors: Chen Xipeng , Cheng Yuanpei , Wu Han 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundIntradural lumbar disc herniation (ILDH), especially upper lumbar intradural disc herniation, is a rare type of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). However, it may have severe and complex symptoms, causing serious impact on the patients. Additionally, it is difficult to be diagnosed with limited experience. Few studies on L2–L3 ILDH have been reported in the literature. This study presents such a case and reviews the incidence, etiology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of this disease, so as to provide guidance and experience for clinicians.Case presentationA 27-year-old male patient had a one-month history of severe lower back pain and left lower extremity weakness after lumbar sprain. He could not walk due to progressive symptoms. Physical examination revealed that straight leg raising and femoral nerve stretch tests on the left side were positive. Magnetic resonance imaging of lumbar showed an intradural disc protruding into the ventral dural sac at the L2–L3 level. He was diagnosed ILDH of L2–L3, finally. An urgent operation was performed to remove the intradural disc fragment. The patient's symptoms improved significantly, postoperatively. After eight months of follow-up, he returned to normal life with only slight lower back pain.ConclusionsILDH at the L2–L3 level is an extremely rare type of LDH. Its diagnosis often requires a combination of symptom, physical examination, and imaging examination due to no typical symptoms or imaging features. A detailed preoperative plan including the definition of the position, calcification, migration, and adhesion of intradural intervertebral discs to decrease the risk of surgery, prevent the occurrence of complications, and promote postoperative prognosis of patients.
Copenhagen index (CPH-I) is more favorable than CA125, HE4, and risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA): Nomogram prediction models with clinical-ultrasonographic feature for diagnosing ovarian neoplasms
Authors: Song Zixuan , Wang Xiaoxue , Fu Jiajun , Wang Pengyuan , Chen Xueting , Zhang Dandan 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundWe aimed to analyze the benign and malignant identification efficiency of CA125, HE4, risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA), Copenhagen Index (CPH-I) in ovarian neoplasms and establish a nomogram to improve the preoperative evaluation value of ovarian neoplasms.MethodsA total of 3,042 patients with ovarian neoplasms were retrospectively classified according to postoperative pathological diagnosis [benign, n = 2389; epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), n = 653]. The patients were randomly divided into training and test cohorts at a ratio of 7:3. Using CA125, HE4, ROMA, and CPH-I, Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves corresponding to different truncation values were calculated and compared, and optimal truncation values were selected. Clinical and imaging risk factors were calculated using univariate regression, and significant variables were selected for multivariate regression analysis combined with ROMA and CPH-I. Nomograms were constructed to predict the occurrence of EOC, and the accuracy was assessed by external validation.ResultsWhen the cutoff value of CA125, HE4, ROMA, and CPH-I was 100 U/ml, 70 pmol/L, 12.5/14.4% (premenopausal/postmenopausal) and 5%, respectively, the AUC was 0.674, 0.721, 0.750 and 0.769, respectively. From univariate regression, the clinical risk factors were older age, menopausal status, higher birth rate, hypertension, and diabetes; imaging risk factors were multilocular tumors, solid nodules, bilateral tumors, larger tumor diameter, and ascites. The AUC of the nomogram containing ROMA and CPH-I was 0.8914 and 0.9114, respectively, which was better than the prediction accuracies of CA125, HE4, ROMA, and CPH-I alone. The nomogram with CPH-I was significantly better than that with ROMA (P &lt; 0.001), and a nomogram decision curve analysis (DCA) containing CPH-I seemed to have better clinical benefits than ROMA. For external validation of this nomogram containing ROMA and CPH-I, the C-indices were 0.889 and 0.900, and the calibration curves were close to 45°, showing good agreement with the predicted values.ConclusionWe conclude that CPH-I and ROMA have higher diagnostic values in the preoperative diagnosis of EOC than other single tumor markers like CA125 or HE4. A nomogram based on CPH-I and ROMA with clinical and ultrasonic indicators had a better diagnostic value, and the CPH-I nomogram had the highest diagnostic efficacy.
Comparison of arthroscopic debridement and microfracture in the treatment of osteochondral lesion of talus
Authors: Zhang Minghua , Chen Daohua , Wang Qiang , Li Ying , Huang Shiming , Zhan Peng , Lai Jiajing , Jiang Jianqing , Chen Dongfeng 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveThis study was performed to compare the clinical effect of arthroscopic debridement vs. arthroscopic microfracture in the treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients with osteochondral lesion of talus who were admitted to our hospital from April 2020 to April 2021. The patients were divided into Group A (arthroscopic debridement group, n = 39) and Group B (arthroscopic microfracture group, n = 42), and the intraoperative details in the two groups were analyzed. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and visual analogue scale (VAS) score were compared between the two groups before surgery and at the last follow-up.ResultsThe postoperative AOFAS score (Group A, 40.9–82.26; Group B, 38.12–87.38), VAS score (Group A, 6.44–3.92; Group B, 6.38–2.05) significantly improved in both groups, but the improvement was significantly greater in Group B than in Group A (P &lt; 0.05). Among all patients, the AOFAS and VAS scores of men aged ≤30 years and patients with a low body mass index (BMI) improved more significantly (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThe arthroscopic microfracture for the treatment of osteochondral lesion of talus is superior to joint debridement in terms of improving ankle function, especially in relatively young men with a relatively low BMI.
Study of double button plate and cannulated screw fixation for posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture
Authors: Sun Kai , Fan Meng 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThe posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the knee joint. To date, researchers have not reached agreement on which type of ﬁxation material should be used to treat PCL tibial avulsion fractures. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of double button plate and cannulated screw fixation in the treatment of PCL avulsion fractures.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed our database, which was collected prospectively. From January 2019 to January 2020, 46 patients with posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fractures who were treated with double button plate and cannulated screw fixation. The primary outcomes of this study were surgical complications (fixation failure/displacement, implant breakage, nonunion, infection), radiological parameters, and knee function and secondary outcomes included reoperation rates for the fixation methods and the prevalence of symptomatic hardware causing soft tissue irritation outcomes were included. Values were analysed using multiple comparisons, where P-values of 0.05 or less were considered significant.ResultsDouble button plate fixation had significantly higher values than cannulated screw fixation. The results showed that double button plate fixation was related to greater decreases in the length of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, hospital days, full weight bearing time, and incidence of complications, as well as greater increases in postoperative range of motion and Knee Society Score function and Lysholm scores.ConclusionCompared with cannulated screw fixation, the use of double button plate fixation technology has the following advantages: less trauma, shorter operation time, convenient use of instruments and fixtures, and it does not need to be removed, thus avoiding secondary trauma. Moreover, double button plate fixation under direct vision is safe and reliable without the need for additional equipment.
PENENTUAN JUMLAH TENAGA KERJA OPTIMAL BERDASARKAN WAKTU BAKU PADA PROSES PRODUKSI BATIK CAP DI WORKSHOP BATIK KARAWANG
Authors: Nana Rahdiana  , Ari Kusumawardani  
Published: January 2023

Workshop Batik Karawang merupakan salah satu UKM batik tradisional yang memproduksi batik cap dan batik tulis, dengan berbagai jenis motif khas Karawang. Strategi produksi yang dijalankan yakni make to order, belum ada pedoman waktu produksi untuk setiap stasiun kerjanya. Pada bulan Januari 2020 jumlah pesanan batik yang diterima sudah masuk antrian produksi bulan Juli 2020, dengan kata lain sudah terjadi penumpukan pesanan dengan antrian 7 bulan. Jika hal ini terus dibiarkan, dapat memiliki dampak buruk pada UKM tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan waktu baku dan jumlah tenaga kerja optimal pada setiap tahapan proses, dengan menggunakan metode pengukuran waktu langsung “metode jam henti”. Dari hasil penelitian dan perhitungan didapatkan waktu baku untuk masing-masing stasiun kerja, yaitu pemotongan 2,05 menit, pengecapan 34,03 menit, pewarnaan 22,10 menit, penglorodan 10,12 menit, dan Pengemasan 8,11 menit. Dan usulan tenaga kerja yang optimal untuk masing-masing stasiun kerja adalah pemotongan 1 orang, pengecapan 4 orang, pewarnaan 3 orang, penglorodan 2 orang, dan pengemasan 1 orang.
Kata Kunci: metode jam henti, waktu baku, tenaga kerja

Workshop of Batik Karawang is one of UKM traditional batik that produces stamp batik and written batik, with various types of typical motifs (legacy) from Karawang. The production strategy undertaken for making orders, there is no production schedule for each work station. In January 2020 the number of batik orders received had entered the queue in July 2020, in other words there had been a buildup of orders with a queue of 7 months. If this continues, it can have a bad impact on the UKM.

The purpose of this research is to determine the optimal standard time and workforce at each stage of the process, using the direct time measurement with stopwatch time study. From the results of research and calculations obtained standard time for each work station, ei cutting 2,05 minutes, tasting 34,03 minutes, coloring 22,10 minutes, washing 10,12 minutes, and packaging 8,11 minutes. And the optimal workforce proposal for each work station is cutting 1 people, tasting 4 people, coloring 3 people, washing 2 people, and packing 1 people.
Keywords: stopwatch time sudy, standard time, manpower
Obesidad como factor de riesgo en enfermedades cardiovasculares: un impacto en la sociedad
Authors: Urdánigo Cedeño Johnny Jesús , Orellana Rosado Joshua Misael , Pérez Valle Gladys Patricia , Castro Jalca Jazmín Elena 
Published: January 2023

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) son un conjunto de desórdenes del corazón y de los vasos sanguíneos que se ve incrementada por la baja ingesta de frutas, vegetales, consumo alto de sal, azucares y grasas. Por otra parte, la obesidad es una enfermedad sistémica, crónica y de múltiples causas considerada como un cuadro progresivo que afecta la salud general y la calidad de vida del individuo. En el mundo, cada cuatro segundos ocurre un infarto agudo de miocardio y cada cinco segundos un evento vascular cerebral, y por lo menos una de cada tres personas pierde la vida por alguna enfermedad relacionada con patologías cardiovasculares. El riesgo de sufrir una muerte súbita en los obesos es tres veces mayor que en los no obesos, y es el doble para el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, es por eso que esta revisión bibliográfica sistemática tuvo como objetivo: Indagar sobre obesidad como factor de riesgo en enfermedades cardiovasculares: un impacto en la sociedad. Se realizó la búsqueda de artículos publicados dentro de los años 2011-2021 en las bases de datos: PubMed, ScienDirect, SemanticScholar, Scielo, Google Academico, Redaclyc, Dialnet, y Elsevier. De los artículos analizados se evidencio una alta prevalencia de la obesidad en comparación con los otros estados nutricionales, por cada estudio. Siendo este el principal factor de riesgo para las ECV, concluyendo que el impacto de la obesidad tiene un efecto significativo en la tasa de enfermedades del tipo ECV y que representa un riesgo significativamente elevado de morbilidad.
Prevalencia y factores de riesgo de dislipidemias: un estudio de la situación actual
Authors: Moreira Cevallos Wendy Jessenia , López Bailón Alisson Nahomi , Moreira Loor Cindy Stefany , Castro Jalca Jazmin Elena 
Published: January 2023

La dislipidemia es una enfermedad asintomática causada por la alteración de lípidos en sangre, está caracterizada por hipercolesterolemia, el cual es un incremento de los niveles de colesterol y por hipertrigliceridemia, cuando se incrementan los niveles de triglicéridos, de la misma manera también se caracteriza por una disminución de los niveles de colesterol asociado a lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL).
El objetivo en este artículo fue demostrar la prevalencia y factores de riesgo de dislipidemias: un estudio de la situación actual. Se empleó como metodología un diseño narrativo documental. Mediante una elaboración de tablas y base de datos, se realizó la selección de artículos científicos, se tomó en cuenta artículos de Scielo, Elsiver, Pubmed, Redalyc.
Los resultados demostraron como factor de riesgo la prevalencia de obesidad, seguida por sobrepeso, sedentarismo, diabetes, cambios hormonales, abuso de alcohol, enfermedades renales, hipertensión, entre otros. El país con mayor prevalencia en el año 2019, fue España con un porcentaje de 85,3%, no obstante, Ecuador se encuentra en el segundo lugar con un porcentaje muy cercano del 82%, además, se determinó, que Colombia es el país con el porcentaje más bajo de prevalencia con el 1,3%.
Metodologías de testeo de redes de datos
Authors: Villa Palma Cristhian Marcony , Morales Carrillo Jessica 
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de esta investigación es proporcionar un enfoque general de las metodologías de testo de redes de datos que permitan identificar errores de seguridad y vulnerabilidad de las redes y definir la metodología que mejor se adapte. La metodología de trabajo utilizada fue la Revisión Sistémica de Literatura. En primer lugar, se definieron los criterios de búsqueda, luego se efectuó la búsqueda seleccionando los trabajos que cumplían con estos criterios, para luego identificar los campos que se analizarían y clasificarlos en una tabla, por último, se analizaron los criterios identificados en las metodologías y herramientas de testeo. Como resultado se pudo identificar que la metodología más empleada y efectiva para realizar testeo de redes es la OSSTMM (Open Source Security Testing Methodology Manual) con uso del 66,67% de los artículos analizado en esta revisión. La metodología OSSTMM, es la más usada entre las metodologías de testeo de redes y análisis de vulnerabilidades, siendo esta de uso libre y permite evaluar riesgo, que ayudan diferenciar y clasificar los diferentes problemas de seguridad de las organizaciones, así mismo permite a los profesionales contribuir con nuevas seguridades basadas en la metodología.