bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with the Gaps in the Knowledge of Diabetic Patients Attending Primary Health Care Center in Aseer Region, KSA
Authors: Riaz Fatima 
Published: June 2023

Objectives:
To know the factors associated with the gaps in knowledge of diabetic patients about their disease attending a primary health-care center.

Methodology:
At the primary health-care center, this cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 type 2 diabetic patients, selected by simple random sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was employed for the data collection.

Results:
Mean percent score of knowledge was found to be 30.4% among diabetic patients. About 52.5% of participants were 40–60 years of age, 53% were male, 76.3% were married, 16.5%, 24.5%, 21.5%, and 17.5% had illiteracy, primary, secondary, and university education, respectively. Almost half of the participants had a government job, while 37.1% were homemakers. Monthly income was 11,000–15,000 SR for 41.5% of participants. The duration of diabetes was <5 years among 30% of participants. About 53.8% were using oral hypoglycemic, while 48.3% were using insulin. Regarding comorbids, 37.3%, 32.3%, and 4% were hypertensive, dyslipidemic, and had ischemic heart disease, respectively. Regarding the factors, participants' mean knowledge percent scores significantly differed according to their age, education and monthly income (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P < 0.036 respectively). According to gender, social status, and occupation, knowledge percent scores were not statistically significant.

Conclusion and Recommendations:
Patients with type 2 diabetes had poor knowledge which differs significantly according to age, education, and monthly income. It is recommended to implement interventional programs that would enforce health education, keeping in mind the factors associated with gaps in the knowledge of diabetic patients.
Burden and Risk Factors Associated with Bronchial Asthma among Secondary School Children in Abha City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshaikh Ayoub Ali , Assiri Abdulhakeem Ahmad , Al-Shehri Ibrahim Ahmad , Alshehery Maied , Riaz Fatima , Farag Shehata , Bharti Rishi K , Alahmary Alanood , Mahmood Syed Esam 
Published: June 2023

Background and Objective:
Certain regional demographic factors, such as high altitude, may serve as an aggravating factor that may further jeopardize the already burdened airways of asthmatic children. Abha city is located at a high altitude in the Aseer Province of Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study explored the prevalence of bronchial asthma among secondary school students residing in Abha city and the associated risk factors for the same.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study used a simple random sampling technique to collect the data. The study enrolled 487 students (243 males and 244 females). A self-designed questionnaire was used to interview the students regarding personal, family, and environmental characteristics that could be associated with asthma.

Results:
The prevalence of bronchial asthma among secondary school students in Abha city was found to be 9%. 40% of cases of asthma were seasonal. The most frequent allergens were dust (95.6%), smoke (80%), incense (65.9%), perfumes (29.5%), and some food items. Only 37.8% of cases regularly took treatment and just 24.4% regularly visited asthma clinics. Cigarette smoking, the presence of overcrowding, and cockroaches in house were significantly associated with asthma in comparison to nonasthmatics.

Conclusions:
It is recommended that asthmatic students must quit smoking and avoid exposure to dust, smoke, and animal pets. Proper house cleaning and insect control measures must be adopted. Health education and awareness about triggers of bronchial asthma should be increased. People must be educated about the harmful effects of incense burning in asthma.
Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Foot Self-Care among Diabetic Patients Attending Different Diabetic Clinics in Najran, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsareii Saeed Ali 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
Diabetic foot syndrome is a significant hurdle for the health-care profession, with substantial economic outcomes for diabetic patients, their families, and society, affecting the quality of care and quality of life.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess diabetic patients' knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding foot care.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out at various diabetic clinics in Najran, Saudi Arabia. All attending diabetic patients were subjects of the study. The investigators developed the survey instrument based on prior surveys and guidelines. The survey explored the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients and evaluated attitudes toward diabetic patients and the level of knowledge of foot self-care practices.

Results:
The mean awareness score was 9.68 (standard deviation [SD]: 2.65) out of 16 points, with low, satisfactory, and high awareness scores identified in 28.7%, 60.6%, and 10.7% of patients, respectively. With regard to attitude, the mean score was 3.18 (SD: 1.55) out of 6 points, where, negative, neutral, and positive attitudes were found in 34.9%, 41.1%, and 23.9% of patients, respectively. The most commonly known risk factors of diabetes mellitus (DM) were neuropathy, followed by retinopathy. Antiglycemic control, duration of diabetes, and educational level were associated with neuropathy, retinopathy, vasculopathy, and foot deformity. On the other hand, uneducated patients, on monotherapy with insulin, with no diet plan, those with uncontrolled glycosylated hemoglobin levels, and with more than 10 years of DM significantly had poor awareness and negative attitude toward foot self-care.

Conclusion:
There were moderate awareness and attitudes concerning foot self-care among diabetic patients. Diabetic patients and physicians have an essential role to play in preventing diabetic foot syndrome. The health-care institutions should nurture diabetic patients with better knowledge and a positive attitude toward foot self-care.
Eyes as the windows into cardiovascular disease in the era of big data
Authors: Chan Yarn Kit , Cheng Ching-Yu , Sabanayagam Charumathi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and imposes significant socioeconomic burdens, especially with late diagnoses. There is growing evidence of strong correlations between ocular images, which are information-dense, and CVD progression. The accelerating development of deep learning algorithms (DLAs) is a promising avenue for research into CVD biomarker discovery, early CVD diagnosis, and CVD prognostication. We review a selection of 17 recent DLAs on the less-explored realm of DL as applied to ocular images to produce CVD outcomes, potential challenges in their clinical deployment, and the path forward. The evidence for CVD manifestations in ocular images is well documented. Most of the reviewed DLAs analyze retinal fundus photographs to predict CV risk factors, in particular hypertension. DLAs can predict age, sex, smoking status, alcohol status, body mass index, mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, chronic kidney disease, and hematological disease with significant accuracy. While the cardio-oculomics intersection is now burgeoning, very much remain to be explored. The increasing availability of big data, computational power, technological literacy, and acceptance all prime this subfield for rapid growth. We pinpoint the specific areas of improvement toward ubiquitous clinical deployment: increased generalizability, external validation, and universal benchmarking. DLAs capable of predicting CVD outcomes from ocular inputs are of great interest and promise to individualized precision medicine and efficiency in the provision of health care with yet undetermined real-world efficacy with impactful initial results.
The future application of artificial intelligence and telemedicine in the retina: A perspective
Authors: Wu Chu-Ting , Lin Ting-Yi , Lin Cheng-Jun , Hwang De-Kuang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The development of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning provided precise image recognition and classification in the medical field. Ophthalmology is an exceptional department to translate AI applications since noninvasive imaging is routinely used for the diagnosis and monitoring. In recent years, AI-based image interpretation of optical coherence tomography and fundus photograph in retinal diseases has been extended to diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and retinopathy of prematurity. The rapid development of portable ocular monitoring devices coupled with AI-informed interpretations allows possible home monitoring or remote monitoring of retinal diseases and patients to gain autonomy and responsibility for their conditions. This review discusses the current research and application of AI, telemedicine, and home monitoring devices on retinal disease. Furthermore, we propose a future model of how AI and digital technology could be implemented in retinal diseases.
The prevalence, pattern, and clinical correlate of Internet gambling disorder in a tertiary care hospital – A cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Shankar S. , Rahamathulla M. Mohamed Ilyas 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Internet gambling disorder is the fastest-growing mode of gambling addiction.

Materials and Methods:
It is a cross-sectional study. A total of 31 cases were chosen as per the DSM 5. The Online Gambling Symptoms Assessment Scale (OGSAS) was used to assess the severity, and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used for assessing the psychiatric morbidity. Personality profiles were assessed using the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE).

Results:
The prevalence rate of Internet gambling disorder was 0.16%. The majority were under 35 years of age, married, and unemployed. Sports, followed by cards, and the stock market, were the more common types of Internet gambling addiction. As per DSM 5, 25% had severe, 48% had moderate, and 25% had mild addiction. Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) (7), suicidality (5), and depression (3) were the common psychiatric morbidities found in these 31 cases. A fairly strong correlation was observed with Dissocial (0.9), Impulsive (0.8), Borderline (0.9), and Anxious (0.8) personalities with Internet Gambling Disorder. On Logistic Regression, there was a significant association between Internet Gambling Disorder and Psychiatric illness (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.1591, 4.2867 P = 0.0091).

Conclusion:
Internet gambling disorder is very common and is being ignored in clinical practice. Internet gambling is significantly associated with psychiatric morbidity. Awareness strategies targeting all levels are very important.
Resilience and work and social adjustment in patients of end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Sreelatha P. , Rajamani Monisha 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a typical chronic, irreversible, and life-threatening illness. Hemodialysis is one of the most common treatments for renal patients. People who face chronic renal illness suffer a devastating impact on the social and psychological state. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the levels of resilience and work and social adjustment in these patients.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was a cross-sectional study on 60 ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis. Patients were selected using the purposive sampling method. The data gathering tools in this study included demographic information form, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the work and social adjustment scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentage, mean, and standard deviation) as well as Chi-square test in SPSS version 20.

Results:
In 60 patients, 90% had low resilience. The significant difference was found between the resilience scores and gender, marital status, and income. In 60 patients, all 100% had their work and social adjustment significantly impaired.

Conclusion:
People with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis were significantly found to have low resilience. Many who had low resilience were males, in the age group of 40–60 years and the majority had co-morbidities and all the patients had significantly impaired work and social adjustment.
Patterns of alcohol withdrawal during COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Akula Vishal , Kumar Siva CH , Reballi Rajashekar , Soorinedu Rajendhar , Kasimahanti Siva Prasad , Reddy Arun , Reddy Pranavi , Vamsi Madhu , Innamuri Raviteja 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
Alcohol is a common substance that is legally available in India. Its prevalence varies across geographical and cultural boundaries. There were sudden restrictions on the supply of alcohol use during the COVID-19 lockdown. We conducted this study to understand the pattern of alcohol withdrawal among COVID-19-positive patients admitted for isolation.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2020 to May 2020 at the District Government General Hospital, Nizamabad, Telangana, India. Seventy consenting patients admitted to the COVID isolation ward with a history of alcohol use were included in the study. A structured pro forma was used to collect sociodemographic and clinical profiles from the case sheets. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score was calculated to understand the problems with alcohol use.

Results:
Eighty-eight percent of the patients consumed local adulterated toddy. The majority were male (88%), with a mean age of 45 years. The median AUDIT score was high (30). They presented with a significantly higher incidence of complications related to alcohol withdrawal including seizures, delirium, and psychosis. The mortality rate was 11%.

Conclusions:
There was a high prevalence of alcohol use and related complications in the study population. Adulteration of toddy with long-acting benzodiazepines may have been a reason for the higher incidence of complicated withdrawals. Primary care and family physicians must be cognizant of the problem and must take adequate capacity-building measures to manage the complications.
An operational solution to supplemental instruction session design and quality control
Authors: Sowell Hunter , McInturff Lindsey M. , Collier Sarah P. 
Published: June 2023

Background: Supplemental Instruction (SI) is a peer-led academic support program and form of pre-remediation assistance. One challenge to SI adoption is the absence of session design recommendations and mechanisms of quality control. Herein, a data-informed operational framework is presented resulting in consistent weekly session design and an increase in collaboration between SI leaders and their course faculty.
Methods: Sessions in the fall of 2020 were hosted on Zoom in support of a Microbiology and Immunology course. Greater than 44% of program year one (PY1) students voluntarily attended an SI session. Pre-and post-quiz assessments used Mentimeter, an audience polling platform.
Results: A mean of 25.2% aggregate performance improvement was found between the pre-quiz and post-quiz assessment data.
Conclusion: The quiz assessment results immediately informed personalised content review during each session and empowered feedback integration between the peer leader and faculty. The framework described improves a well-established program and is widely adaptable to any course offering.
One-pot synthesis and molecular docking study of pyrazoline derivatives as an anticancer agent
Authors: Fitri Tengku Anggia , Hendra Rudi , Zamri Adel 
Published: June 2023

Background: Pyrazoline is a series of heterocyclics with an N–N bond linkage, which is the determining factor in their biological activities, including anticancer.
Objectives: This research aims to synthesise pyrazoline derivative compounds with anticancer potential.
Method: 4-Metoxyacetophenon, halogen-substituted benzaldehyde, and phenylhydrazine were used to prepare pyrazoline derivatives (4a, b) under basic conditions using a microwave-assisted, one-pot, three-component reaction method. UV, FTIR, 1H-NMR, and HRMS spectrometers were used to confirm the molecular structure of pyrazolines (4a, b) using their UV, FTIR, 1H-NMR, and HRMS spectra. The anticancer activity of the compounds (4a, b) was evaluated using molecular docking studies to observe the receptor-ligand interaction of the compounds with the Estrogen Receptor Erα.
Result: The pyrazoline (4a, b) produced positive results, with approximately 40% yield. It can be used as an anticancer agent due to its binding free energy values of -9.74 and -9.29 respectively, and a receptor-ligan interaction.
Discussion and Conclusion: New pyrazolines (4a, b) have been successfully synthesised with good yields through the one-pot three-component reaction and have potential as anti-breast cancer agents because of their good affinity for the ERα evidenced by the negative binding free energy values and receptor-ligand interactions that are similar to natural ligand, 4OHT.
Vnímanie náročnosti poskytovania ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti študentmi ošetrovateľstva
Authors: Mrosková Slávka , Tkáčová Ľubomíra , Cuperová Jana 
Published: June 2023

Cieľ. Posúdiť vnímanie náročnosti poskytovania ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti z pohľadu študentov ošetrovateľstva a analyzovať vplyv vybraných faktorov na úroveň náročnosti. Metódy. Výskum bol realizovaný u 173 študentov priemerného veku 21 rokov. Študenti, ktorí absolvovali klinickú prax na pediatrických, chirurgických a interných oddeleniach hodnotili náročnosť poskytovania ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti (0 = žiadna, 10 = extrémna) a prípravu na klinickú prax v demonštračných podmienkach (1 = najlepšia, 6 = nedostatočná). Výsledky. Vnímanie náročnosti poskytovania starostlivosti pacientom z pohľadu študentov bola na úrovni 3,56 (SD – 1,88). K najkomplikovanejším oblastiam patrila realizácia invazívnych výkonov (M – 4,47), zaistenie bezpečnosti pacienta (M – 4,27), práca s prístrojovou technikou (M – 4,06). Študenti vykonávajúci prax na pediatrických oddeleniach vnímajú poskytovanie starostlivosti detskému pacientovi ako najnáročnejšie, v komparácii s chirurgickými a internými oddeleniami. Preukázali sme signifikantnú asociáciu medzi náročnosťou poskytovania starostlivosti a prípravou študenta na klinickú výučbu (r: 0,462). Teoretická laboratórna príprava na klinickú prax na detských oddeleniach bola z pohľadu študentov signifikantne najhoršia (p=0,001). Závery. Pri znižovaní percepcie náročnosti poskytovania starostlivosti študentmi zohráva dôležitú úlohu ich adekvátnejšia príprava na klinické vzdelávanie v laboratórnych podmienkach. Dominantne je potrebná modifikácia vzdelávacieho procesu zameraného na klinickú výučbu na pediatrických pracoviskách.
Language Assessment of the Literacy Level of Ethiopian EFL Instructors: A Focus on South West Ethiopian Public Universities
Authors: Zeleke Yitayal Damtew , Irku Amare Ayalew 
Published: June 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate Language Assessment literacy (LAL) level of EFL instructors who are teaching communicative English language courses in three South West Ethiopian public higher educational institutions.
Approach/Methodology/Design: The study employed a descriptive research design, which involves quantitative data gathering tool. Accordingly, a questionnaire was used to collect the appropriate data. The target population of the study was 42 Male and 9 female totally 51 instructors who were teaching Communicative English Language Skills courses in Jimma university, Wollega university and Mizan Tepi universities, and all of these instructors were chosen as samples of the study through comprehensive sampling technique
Results: For measuring the instructors’ Language assessment literacy level, an Assessment Literacy Test (ALT) consisting of 59 items with eight components was given for all 51 instructors. There score in assessment literacy test rests between minimum of 26 and maximum of 44.
Conclusions: Though their performance is average and low in some of the components of assessment literacy their overall performance is above average.
Management Awareness of Performance Contracting in State Corporations
Authors: Kiboi Anne Wanjiru , Maalu Jackson .K. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Drastic and fundamental changes are increasingly occurring in the environment in which organizations operate. An obvious manifestation of the responses towards this turbulent environment is the introduction of performance contracting as part of the broader public sector reforms aimed at improving efficiency and effectiveness in the management of the services. Managers form a major stakeholder group in an enterprise. However, their productivity and performance is dependent on their degree of motivation. This can be influenced by how they perceive and interpret various initiatives that may be introduced by the organization; a critical one in this regard being introduction of performance contracting. Performance contracting is a devolved management by outcome rather than management by processes. It provides a range of management instruments used within the public sector to define responsibilities and expectations between parties to achieve mutually agreed result. This research work sought to investigate the disconnect that may arise between management awareness of performance contracting in state corporations, based on their initial expectations from such a plan. The main objectives investigated during the study were to establish management’s level of awareness of the performance contracts adopted by the state corporations.
Methodology: A sample of 160 respondents was used in the study. The data collected was presented using tables and analyzed using descriptive statistics i.e. frequencies, percentages, mean scores and standard deviations.
Findings: The major findings were: There is a very high level of awareness of performance contracting in the organizations and that the organization’s capacity to achieve its objectives has greatly improved. To a moderate extent, the managers felt that there was mutual support and trust at all levels of the organization and empowerment of employees in their jobs. General conclusions drawn are that the organizations were very successful in implementing performance contracting, and that to a moderate extent, the organizations have developed a reasonable sense of direction.
Unique contributions to theory, practice and policy: Recommendations made were that, all employees need to be stakeholders in the future direction of the organization, even if it be in varying degrees. Their daily performance and activities should be measured along the specific milestones and core values identified by the contract, since what cannot be measured cannot be managed.