bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Backsliding among indicators of democratic stability relevant to public health: Risks in OECD nations
Authors: Willison Charley E. , Falkenbach Michelle , Greer Scott L. , Singer Phillip M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOppression and inequality, as critical social and structural determinants of health, are key threats to public health. Democratic stability provides institutional measures to mitigate oppression and inequality. We investigate trends in democratic backsliding in the Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) nations, overall, and compare trends in backsliding among specific indicators of democracy relevant to public health based on protections against oppression and inequality. We leverage a comprehensive, longitudinal, data set (V‐DEM), capturing key indicators of democracy in OECD nations from 2010 to 2020. Indicators were selected from the scholarly literature on democracy and health for their effects on oppression and inequality. We observe trends over time in democratic stability among OECD nations, overall, and then compare trends in democratic stability or backsliding across OECD nations within categories of democratic indicators established to mitigate oppression and inequality. Democracy is declining across all OECD nations. Broad democratic declines are shown between types of OECD member states. Country income is not necessarily protective for democratic stability. We find specific declines in two measures with immediate implications for public health—Civil Liberties and Integrity of the Courts—across at least half of all OECD nations and a particularly alarming level of change in the United States. Politics shape and limit public health. Declining components of democracy can have both short‐ and long‐term consequences for population health by increasing inequality and reducing mechanisms to protect against oppressive tactics. Public health can play an important role in improving democracy by strengthening accountability.
The mortality burden of frailty in hip fracture patients: a nationwide retrospective study of cause-specific mortality
Authors: Forssten Maximilian Peter , Mohammad Ismail Ahmad , Ioannidis Ioannis , Wretenberg Per , Borg Tomas , Cao Yang , Ribeiro Marcelo A. F. , Mohseni Shahin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Frailty is a condition characterized by a reduced ability to adapt to external stressors because of a reduced physiologic reserve, which contributes to the high risk of postoperative mortality in hip fracture patients. This study aims to investigate how frailty is associated with the specific causes of mortality in hip fracture patients.

Methods
All adult patients in Sweden who suffered a traumatic hip fracture and underwent surgery between 2008 and 2017 were eligible for inclusion. The Orthopedic Hip Frailty Score (OFS) was used to classify patients as non-frail (OFS 0), pre-frail (OFS 1), and frail (OFS ≥ 2). The association between the degree of frailty and both all-cause and cause-specific mortality was determined using Poisson regression models with robust standard errors and presented using incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for potential sources of confounding.

Results
After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 127,305 patients remained for further analysis. 23.9% of patients were non-frail, 27.7% were pre-frail, and 48.3% were frail. Frail patients exhibited a 4 times as high risk of all-cause mortality 30 days [adj. IRR (95% CI): 3.80 (3.36–4.30), p < 0.001] and 90 days postoperatively [adj. IRR (95% CI): 3.88 (3.56–4.23), p < 0.001] as non-frail patients. Of the primary causes of 30-day mortality, frailty was associated with a tripling in the risk of cardiovascular [adj. IRR (95% CI): 3.24 (2.64–3.99), p < 0.001] and respiratory mortality [adj. IRR (95% CI): 2.60 (1.96–3.45), p < 0.001] as well as a five-fold increase in the risk of multiorgan failure [adj. IRR (95% CI): 4.99 (3.95–6.32), p < 0.001].

Conclusion
Frailty is associated with a significantly increased risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality at 30 and 90 days postoperatively. Across both timepoints, cardiovascular and respiratory events along with multiorgan failure were the most prevalent causes of mortality.
Ultrasound evaluation of a new surface reference line to describe sural nerve location and safe zones to consider in posterior leg approaches
Authors: Ruiz-Riquelme Pablo , Poggio-Cano Daniel , Sala-Blanch Xavier , Cuéllar Bernal Daniel , Baduell Albert , Garcia-Elvira Rubén , Testa Enrique Adrián 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose

Several authors have described methods to predict the sural nerve pathway with non-proportional numerical distances, but none have proposed a person-proportional, reproducible method with anatomical references. The aim of this research is to describe ultrasonographically the distance and crossing zone between a surface reference line and the position of the sural nerve.

Methods

Descriptive cross-sectional study, performed between January and April 2022 in patients requiring foot surgery who met inclusion criteria. The sural nerve course in the posterior leg was located and marked using ultrasound. Landmarks were drawn with a straight line from the medial femoral condyle to the tip of the fibula. Four equal zones were established in the leg by subdividing the distal half of the line. This way, areas based on simple anatomical proportions for each patient were studied. The distance between the marking and the ultrasound nerve position was measured in these 4 zones, creating intersection points and safety areas. Location and distances from the sural nerve to the proposed landmarks were assessed.

Results

One-hundred and four lower limbs, 52 left and 52 right, assessed in 52 patients were included. The shortest median distance of the nerve passage was 2.9 mm from Point 2. The sural nerve intersection was 60/104 (57.7%) in Zone B, 21/104 (20.1%) in Zone C and 19/104 (18.3%) in Zone A. Safety zones were established. Average 80.5% of coincidence in sural nerve localization was found in the distal half of the leg, in relation to the surface reference line when comparing both legs of each patient.

Conclusions
This study proposes a simple, reproducible, non-invasive and, for the first time, person-proportional method, that describes the distance and location of the main areas of intersection of the sural nerve with points and zones (risk and safe zones) determined by a line guided by superficial anatomical landmarks. Its application when surgeons plan and perform posterior leg approaches will help to avoid iatrogenic nerve injuries.

Level of evidence
IV.
Artificial intelligence-based diagnosis of asbestosis: analysis of a database with applicants for asbestosis state aid
Authors: Groot Lipman Kevin B. W. , de Gooijer Cornedine J. , Boellaard Thierry N. , van der Heijden Ferdi , Beets-Tan Regina G. H. , Bodalal Zuhir , Trebeschi Stefano , Burgers Jacobus A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives
In many countries, workers who developed asbestosis due to their occupation are eligible for government support. Based on the results of clinical examination, a team of pulmonologists determine the eligibility of patients to these programs. In this Dutch cohort study, we aim to demonstrate the potential role of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based system for automated, standardized, and cost-effective evaluation of applications for asbestosis patients.

Methods
A dataset of n = 523 suspected asbestosis cases/applications from across the Netherlands was retrospectively collected. Each case/application was reviewed, and based on the criteria, a panel of three pulmonologists would determine eligibility for government support. An AI system is proposed, which uses thoracic CT images as input, and predicts the assessment of the clinical panel. Alongside imaging, we evaluated the added value of lung function parameters.

Results
The proposed AI algorithm reached an AUC of 0.87 (p < 0.001) in the prediction of accepted versus rejected applications. Diffusion capacity (DLCO) also showed comparable predictive value (AUC = 0.85, p < 0.001), with little correlation between the two parameters (r-squared = 0.22, p < 0.001). The combination of the imaging AI score and DLCO achieved superior performance (AUC = 0.95, p < 0.001). Interobserver variability between pulmonologists on the panel was estimated at alpha = 0.65 (Krippendorff’s alpha).

Conclusion
We developed an AI system to support the clinical decision-making process for the application to the government support for asbestosis. A multicenter prospective validation study is currently ongoing to examine the added value and reliability of this system alongside the clinic panel.

Key Points
• Artificial intelligence can detect imaging patterns of asbestosis in CT scans in a cohort of patients applying for state aid.
• Combining the AI prediction with the diffusing lung function parameter reaches the highest diagnostic performance.
• Specific cases with fibrosis but no asbestosis were correctly classified, suggesting robustness of the AI system, which is currently under prospective validation.
Pooled analysis of epigenome-wide association studies of food consumption in KORA, TwinsUK and LLS
Authors: Hellbach Fabian , Sinke Lucy , Costeira Ricardo , Baumeister Sebastian-Edgar , Beekman Marian , Louca Panayiotis , Leeming Emily R. , Mompeo Olatz , Berry Sarah , Wilson Rory , Wawro Nina , Freuer Dennis , Hauner Hans , Peters Annette , Winkelmann Juliane , Koenig Wolfgang , Meisinger Christa , Waldenberger Melanie , Heijmans Bastiaan T. , Slagboom P. Eline , Bell Jordana T. , Linseisen Jakob 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Examining epigenetic patterns is a crucial step in identifying molecular changes of disease pathophysiology, with DNA methylation as the most accessible epigenetic measure. Diet is suggested to affect metabolism and health via epigenetic modifications. Thus, our aim was to explore the association between food consumption and DNA methylation.

Methods
Epigenome-wide association studies were conducted in three cohorts: KORA FF4, TwinsUK, and Leiden Longevity Study, and 37 dietary exposures were evaluated. Food group definition was harmonized across the three cohorts. DNA methylation was measured using Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip in KORA and Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip in the Leiden study and the TwinsUK study. Overall, data from 2293 middle-aged men and women were included. A fixed-effects meta-analysis pooled study-specific estimates. The significance threshold was set at 0.05 for false-discovery rate-adjusted p values per food group.

Results
We identified significant associations between the methylation level of CpG sites and the consumption of onions and garlic (2), nuts and seeds (18), milk (1), cream (11), plant oils (4), butter (13), and alcoholic beverages (27). The signals targeted genes of metabolic health relevance, for example, GLI1, RPTOR, and DIO1, among others.

Conclusion
This EWAS is unique with its focus on food groups that are part of a Western diet. Significant findings were mostly related to food groups with a high-fat content.
Evaluation of independent risk factors associated with surgical site infections from caesarean section
Authors: Erritty Matthew , Hale Joann , Thomas James , Thompson Anna , Wright Ria , Low Anna , Carr Megan , George Richard , Williams Lisa , Dumitrescu Alexandra , Rees Jacqui , Irukulla Shashi , Robin Jonathan , Fry Christopher H. , Fluck David , Han Thang S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The present study assessed factors associated with the risk of surgical site infections (SSI) after a caesarean section (C-section).

Methods
Data were collected in 1682 women undergoing elective (53.9%) and emergency (46.1%) C-sections between 1st August 2020, and 30th December 2021, at a National Health Service hospital (Surrey, UK).

Results
At the time of C-section, the mean age was 33.1 yr (SD ± 5.2). Compared to women with BMI < 30 kg/m2, those with a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 had a greater risk of SSI, OR 4.07 (95%CI 2.48–6.69). Women with a history of smoking had a greater risk of SSI than those who had never smoked, OR 1.69 (95%CI 1.05–2.27). Women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and had a smoking history or emergency C-section had 3- to tenfold increases for these adverse outcomes. Ethnic minority, diabetes or previous C-section did not associate with any of the outcomes.

Conclusions
High BMI, smoking, and emergency C-section are independent risk factors for SSI from C-section. Women planning conception should avoid excess body weight and smoking. Women with diabetes and from ethnic minority backgrounds did not have increased risks of SSI, indicating a consistent standard of care for all patients.
Investigating task preparation and task performance as triggers of the backward inhibition effect
Authors: Prosser Laura Joy , Yamaguchi Motonori , Swainson Rachel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackward inhibition is posited to aid task switching by counteracting the tendency to repeat a recent task. Evidence that factors such as cue transparency affect backward inhibition seems to imply that it is generated during task preparation, making its absence following trials on which a prepared task was not performed (nogo trials) surprising. However, the nogo method used in previous studies might have prevented detection of preparation-driven effects. We used a truncated-trial method instead, omitting stages of a trial with no need for a nogo signal. In Experiment 1, an n − 2 repetition cost (suggested to indicate backward inhibition) followed trials truncated after response selection, indicating that response execution is not necessary to trigger backward inhibition. In Experiments 2 and 3, no n − 2 repetition cost was obtained following trials truncated after cue presentation. To ensure some task preparation on cue-only trials, Experiment 4 used a double-registration procedure where participants responded to the task cue and the target on each trial. In contrast to Experiments 2 and 3, a small n − 2 repetition cost followed trials truncated after cue responses, affecting cue responses on the current trial. In addition, the n − 2 repetition cost was increased at cue responses and became evident at target responses when the preceding trial also involved a target response. These results imply that backward inhibition might be generated by processes occurring up to and including a cue response, affecting subsequent cue responses, as well as during task performance itself, affecting subsequent cue and target responses.
Roadmap to recovery revealed through the reintroduction of an IUCN Red List species
Authors: Wilson Belinda A. , Evans Maldwyn J. , Gordon Iain J. , Pierson Jennifer C. , Brockett Brittany M. , Wimpenny Claire , Batson William G. , Newport Jenny , Manning Adrian D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractReintroductions are powerful tools for tackling biodiversity loss, but the resulting populations can be intrinsically small and vulnerable. It is therefore critical to maximise the number of individuals that are available to contribute to recovery efforts. To address this, we investigated how demographic parameters from a reintroduced population can reveal threats to long-term persistence, inform thresholds for management interventions, and create targets for removing an endangered species from the IUCN Red List. We calculated capture-mark-recapture population estimates for eastern quolls (Dasyurus viverrinus) which had been reintroduced to a fenced reserve in the Australian Capital Territory. We then incorporated the resulting demographic parameters into population viability analyses (PVAs) to estimate probabilities of persistence under several scenarios, including supplementations and harvests (removal of individuals for translocation to other locations). After determining sustainable harvest rates, we then ‘back-cast’ the population size and occupancy area required to remove the species from the IUCN Red List within 10 years. Our demographic results indicated high mean apparent survival (90% ± 5), and PVAs revealed the probability of persistence over a 50-year time horizon was 50.5% with no interventions, 0% when the population was harvested of > 6 individuals, and 100% if harvests ≤ 54 juveniles were combined with an annual supplementation of ten maternal females (with ≤ 6 young each). Based on this model, a total harvest area of 413 km2 and an occupancy area of 437 km2 would be needed to recover the species within 10 years (i.e., 90 similar fenced reserves, not accounting for edge effects). Due to the inherent difficulty in securing large areas for species recovery, we see these ambitious targets as a call to create coordinated and collaborative sanctuary networks where species can be managed as a metapopulation across multiple sites. By taking advantage of a rapid life history and harvesting the ‘doomed surplus’, managers can achieve their stretch goals for species recovery in the long term.
Kinetic study and real-time monitoring strategy for TEMPO-mediated oxidation of bleached eucalyptus fibers
Authors: Mazega André , Santos Alexandre F. , Aguado Roberto , Tarrés Quim , Fiol Núria , Pèlach M. Àngels , Delgado-Aguilar Marc 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe present work aims at glimpsing the rate-determinant process parameters of TEMPO-mediated oxidation of bleached kraft cellulose for developing kinetic models and real-time monitoring tools. This may contribute to the scaling up of this reaction, frequently used as precursor of the production of cellulose nanofibers. For this, the effect of temperature, TEMPO and NaBr contents, and surface area of the fibers was assessed by means of a total experimental batch of 18 combinations, monitoring the carboxyl content (CC) of the samples and the NaOH consumption during oxidation. The obtained data was used to calculate the kinetic constant as a function of the conditions, as well as correlating the CC with the NaOH consumption, obtaining a strong linear correlation between these parameters. It was found that similar correlations could be used regardless process conditions, except for the case of TEMPO, which was found to protect the fibers from depolymerization and, thus, having different behavior at increasing TEMPO contents. Overall, the obtained results in the present study reveal the suitability of upscaling TEMPO-mediated oxidation, as well as having a deeper understanding on how the key parameters involved in the reaction affect the reaction path and, thus, contributing to the industrial deployment of oxidized cellulose and nanofibers.
Importance of the perceived quality of touchpoints for customer journey analysis – evidence from the B2B sector
Authors: Koch Christian , Hartmann Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe investigate how the perceived quality influences touchpoint performance to provide a more nuanced understanding for analysing customer journeys. To answer the research questions, a survey in a real life online setting was carried out. The setting contained complex service solutions that were offered in a business-to-business context. The quantitative study shows that the perceived quality of a website has an influence on consumers’ buying intention. This correlation increases as the customer journey progresses. The perceived quality influences the website’s impact on visitors’ buying intention with a medium to strong effect size and the influence of a website’s quality on the impact on visitors’ buying intention varies significantly at different customer journey phases. While extant research focusses either on customer experience at touchpoints or touchpoints’ effects on buying behavior, we combine insights from both streams of research to highlight the role of website quality in determining touchpoint performance along the customer journey. Practitioners can use these insights to allocate resources in marketing and sales more efficiently.
Introduction to a Culturally Sensitive Measure of Well-Being: Combining Life Satisfaction and Interdependent Happiness Across 49 Different Cultures
Authors: Krys Kuba , Haas Brian W. , Igou Eric Raymond , Kosiarczyk Aleksandra , Kocimska-Bortnowska Agata , Kwiatkowska Anna , Lun Vivian Miu-Chi , Maricchiolo Fridanna , Park Joonha , Šolcová Iva Poláčková , Sirlopú David , Uchida Yukiko , Vauclair Christin-Melanie , Vignoles Vivian L. , Zelenski John M. , Adamovic Mladen , Akotia Charity S. , Albert Isabelle , Appoh Lily , Mira D. M. Arévalo , Baltin Arno , Denoux Patrick , Domínguez-Espinosa Alejandra , Esteves Carla Sofia , Gamsakhurdia Vladimer , Fülöp Márta , Garðarsdóttir Ragna B. , Gavreliuc Alin , Boer Diana , Igbokwe David O. , Işık İdil , Kascakova Natalia , Klůzová Kráčmarová Lucie , Kosakowska-Berezecka Natasza , Kostoula Olga , Kronberger Nicole , Lee J. Hannah , Liu Xinhui , Łużniak-Piecha Magdalena , Malyonova Arina , Barrientos Pablo Eduardo , Mohorić Tamara , Mosca Oriana , Murdock Elke , Mustaffa Nur Fariza , Nader Martin , Nadi Azar , Okvitawanli Ayu , van Osch Yvette , Pavlopoulos Vassilis , Pavlović Zoran , Rizwan Muhammad , Romashov Vladyslav , Røysamb Espen , Sargautyte Ruta , Schwarz Beate , Selim Heyla A. , Serdarevich Ursula , Stogianni Maria , Sun Chien-Ru , Teyssier Julien , van Tilburg Wijnand A. P. , Torres Claudio , Xing Cai , Bond Michael Harris 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHow can one conclude that well-being is higher in country A than country B, when well-being is being measured according to the way people in country A think about well-being? We address this issue by proposing a new culturally sensitive method to comparing societal levels of well-being. We support our reasoning with data on life satisfaction and interdependent happiness focusing on individual and family, collected mostly from students, across forty-nine countries. We demonstrate that the relative idealization of the two types of well-being varies across cultural contexts and are associated with culturally different models of selfhood. Furthermore, we show that rankings of societal well-being based on life satisfaction tend to underestimate the contribution from interdependent happiness. We introduce a new culturally sensitive method for calculating societal well-being, and examine its construct validity by testing for associations with the experience of emotions and with individualism-collectivism. This new culturally sensitive approach represents a slight, yet important improvement in measuring well-being.
Performance evaluation of multi-exaflops machines using Equality network topology
Authors: Liang Chi-Hsiu , Cheng Chun-Ho , Wu Hong-Lin , Li Chao-Chin , Huang Po-Lin , Hwang Chi-Chuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn modern computing architectures, graph theory is the soul of the play due to the rising core counts. It is indispensable to keep finding a better way to connect the cores. A novel chordal-ring interconnect topology system, Equality, is revisited in this paper to compare with a few previous works. This paper details the procedures for constructing the Equality interconnects, its special routing procedures, the strategies for selecting a configuration, and evaluating its performance using the open-source cycle-accurate BookSim package. Four scenarios representing small- to large-scale computing facilities are presented to assess the network performance. This work shows that in 16,384-endpoint systems, the Equality network turns out to be the most efficient system. The results also show the steady scalability of Equality networks extending to 48–320K, and a million endpoints. Equality networks are adjustable to fit with commodity hardware and resilient under ten common traffic models. It is suggested that Equality network topology can be used in constructing efficient multi-exaflops supercomputers and data centers.