bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mindfulness in Persons with Mild Dementia and Their Caregivers: Exploring Trait Rumination as a Clinical Outcome Measure
Authors: Keune Philipp M. , Bernard Franziska , Meister Regina , Keune Jana , Springer Romy , Arlt Rüdiger , Holmerová Iva , Auer Stefanie , Oschmann Patrick , Hansen Sascha 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been successfully applied to persons with dementia (PwD) and their caregivers and may yield beneficial effects on depression and quality of life. However, due to inconsistent results, it may be beneficial to re-examine mindfulness in PwD cross-sectionally to identify further potential therapeutic target variables. Rumination, the maladaptive disposition to excessively think about causes and consequences of symptoms and negative mood, may represent such a target. The current study sought to confirm the validity of trait rumination and the antagonistic relationship between mindfulness, rumination, and depression in PwD and their caregivers, as this may qualify rumination as a potential process and outcome variable in future MBIs.

Method
Forty patients with mild dementia completed a neuropsychological examination and provided self-report data on trait mindfulness, depression, and rumination. Self-report measures were also obtained from 30 caregivers. Regression analyses were used to examine the relation between mindfulness, depression, and rumination. We used clinical cutoffs for depression and rumination to estimate the practical implications of the opposing relationships between these variables.

Results
For PwD, mindfulness was significantly negatively correlated with depression and rumination, explaining 37% and 25% of variance, respectively. In PwD with low mindfulness scores, clinical depression and rumination syndromes occurred more frequently than in those with high mindfulness. Caregiver results were compatible.

Conclusion
Mindfulness shows an antagonistic relationship with clinically relevant rumination in PwD. Rumination may represent a relevant clinical outcome variable for future MBIs that can be reliably measured in PwD through validated self-report measures.

Preregistration
This study is not preregistered.
Attention as a patchwork concept
Authors: Taylor Henry 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper examines attention as a scientific concept, and argues that it has a patchwork structure. On this view, the concept of attention takes on different meanings, depending on the scientific context. I argue that these different meanings vary systematically along four dimensions, as a result of the epistemic goals of the scientific programme in question and the constraints imposed by the scientific context. Based on this, I argue that attention is a general reasoning strategy concept: it provides general, non-specific guidance that aids scientific work. As well as shedding light on attention as a scientific concept, this theory has two wider consequences. First, it demonstrates that the patchwork approach is a fruitful way to think about psychological concepts. Second, it provides novel resources to resist eliminativism about attention.
Plant-derived nanomaterials (PDNM): a review on pharmacological potentials against pathogenic microbes, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and some metabolic diseases
Authors: Okeke Emmanuel Sunday , Nweze Ekene John , Anaduaka Emeka Godwin , Okoye Charles Obinwanne , Anosike Chioma Assumpta , Joshua Parker Elijah , Ezeorba Timothy Prince Chidike 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPlant-derived nanomaterials (PDNM) have gained significant attention recently due to their potential pharmacological applications against pathogenic microbes, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and certain metabolic diseases. This review introduces the concept of PDNMs and their unique properties, including their small size, high surface area, and ability to penetrate biological barriers. Besides various methods for synthesizing PDNMs, such as green synthesis techniques that utilize plant extracts and natural compounds, the advantages of using plant-derived materials, such as their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity, were elucidated. In addition, it examines the recent and emerging trends in nanomaterials derived from plant approaches to combat antimicrobial resistance and metabolic diseases. The sizes of nanomaterials and their surface areas are vital as they play essential roles in the interactions and relationships between these materials and the biological components or organization. We critically analyze the biomedical applications of nanoparticles which include antibacterial composites for implantable devices and nanosystems to combat antimicrobial resistance, enhance antibiotic delivery, and improve microbial diagnostic/detection systemsIn addition, plant extracts can potentially interfere with metabolic syndrome pathways; hence most nano-formulations can reduce chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, lipid profile, and antimicrobial resistance. As a result, these innovative plant-based nanosystems may be a promising contender for various pharmacological applications.
Predictors of Clostridium difficile infection after stoma reversal following TaTME surgery
Authors: Tirelli Flavio , Lorenzon Laura , Biondi Alberto , Langellotti Lodovica , Santoro Gloria , Agnes Annamaria , Pezzuto Roberto , Persiani Roberto , D’Ugo Domenico 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of Clostridium Difficile infection (CDI) after stoma reversal in patients who underwent transanal Total Mesorectal Excision (TaTME) and to evaluate variables correlated with this post-operative infection. Methods: Patients who underwent stoma reversal surgery following TaTME for rectal cancer between 2015 and 2023 at a high-volume Institution, were retrospectively reviewed for the post-operative occurrence of diarrhea and in-hospital CDI (positive toxin in the stools). Patients were divided into the following subgroups according to the post-operative course: Group A-no clinical symptoms; Group B-mild diarrhea (< 10 evacuations/day); Group C-severe watery diarrhea (> 10 evacuations/day) with CDI negative; and Group D-severe watery diarrhea (> 10 evacuations/day) CDI positive. Clinical and laboratory data were analyzed for their correlation with CDI. A machine learning approach was used to determine predictors of diarrhea following stoma reversal. Results: A total of 126 patients were selected, of whom 79 were assessed as Group A, 16 Group B, 25 Group C and 6 (4.8%) Group D. Univariable analysis documented that delayed stoma reversal correlated with CDI (Group A mean interval 44.6 weeks vs. Group D 68.4 weeks, p 0.01). The machine learning analysis confirmed the delay in stoma closure as a probability factor of presenting diarrhea; also, diarrhea probability was 80.5% in males, 77.8% in patients who underwent neoadjuvant therapy, and 63.9% in patients who underwent adjuvant therapy. Conclusions: Stoma reversal surgery can result in moderate rate of in-hospital CDI. Time-to stoma reversal is a crucial variable significantly related with this adverse outcome.
Walsh’s Conformal Map Onto Lemniscatic Domains for Polynomial Pre-images II
Authors: Schiefermayr Klaus , Sète Olivier 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe consider Walsh’s conformal map from the exterior of a set $$E=\bigcup _{j=1}^{\ell }E_j$$

E
=

⋃

j
=
1

ℓ

E
j

consisting of $$\ell $$
ℓ
compact disjoint components onto a lemniscatic domain. In particular, we are interested in the case when E is a polynomial preimage of $$[-1,1]$$

[
-
1
,
1
]

, i.e., when $$E=P^{-1}([-1,1])$$

E
=

P

-
1

(

[
-
1
,
1
]

)

, where P is an algebraic polynomial of degree n. Of special interest are the exponents and the centers of the lemniscatic domain. In the first part of this series of papers, a very simple formula for the exponents has been derived. In this paper, based on general results of the first part, we give an iterative method for computing the centers when E is the union of $$\ell $$
ℓ
intervals. Once the centers are known, the corresponding Walsh map can be computed numerically. In addition, if E consists of $$\ell =2$$

ℓ
=
2

or $$\ell =3$$

ℓ
=
3

components satisfying certain symmetry relations then the centers and the corresponding Walsh map are given by explicit formulas. All our theorems are illustrated with analytical or numerical examples.
Wie kommen Tierlaute in einen Text?
Authors: Böhm Felix , Böhnert Martin 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungIn der empirischen Tierforschung spielen Tierlaute eine entscheidende Rolle für die Zuschreibung geistiger Fähigkeiten. In diesem Zusammenhang werden die flüchtigen und einmaligen Lautereignisse tierlicher Vokalisation in wiederholt rezipierbare textuelle Zeichen transformiert und fixiert. Am Beispiel der Forschungen von Anne Marijke Schel et al. (2013a) zur Intentionalität von Schimpansen zeigt der Beitrag, wie die Sichtbarmachung von Lauten mit der Zuschreibung dieser geistigen Fähigkeiten einhergeht. Um dieses Zusammenspiel zu analysieren, greifen wir auf den Begriff der Inskription (Latour) und die Theorie der Transkriptivität (Jäger) zurück. Die Verbindung dieser Zugänge ermöglicht es, die epistemische Dimension von transkriptiven Prozessen und die intermedial-transkriptive Dimension von epistemischen Prozessen als wechselseitig verwobenes Geschehen zu begreifen. Auf diese Verwobenheit verweisen wir mit dem Begriff der epistemischen Transkription, der die einzelnen transkriptiven Handlungen und die dazu verwendeten Inskriptionsmittel in ihrer bedeutungsgenerierenden Funktion berücksichtigt.
Förderung von motorischen Basiskompetenzen über das Können, Wissen und Wollen der Schulkinder. Effekte einer 8-wöchigen Unterrichtsreihe in der zweiten und vierten Schulstufe.
Authors: Niederkofler Benjamin , Amesberger Günter 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungSobald Kinder an der Bewegungs- und Sportkultur teilhaben möchten, benötigen sie motorische Basiskompetenzen (MB). Der Erwerb von MB wird auch deshalb in vielen Grundschulcurricula als wichtiges Mindestziel genannt. Doch ein beachtlicher Teil europäischer Schulkinder baut im Verlauf der Grundschulzeit keine hinreichenden MB auf. Es benötigt daher Interventionsstudien, die Rückschlüsse auf die Ausgestaltung von Sportunterricht zur Förderung von MB zulassen. Ziel der Studie war es, die unmittelbaren und langfristigen Effekte einer 8‑wöchigen kompetenzorientierten Unterrichtsreihe auf die MB von Schulkindern der zweiten und vierten Schulstufe zu untersuchen. Es wurde die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass sich eine Unterrichtsreihe mit kompetenzorientierten Maßnahmen zur motorisch-aktiven (Können), kognitiv-reflexiven (Wissen) und selbstregulierten (Wollen) Auseinandersetzung mit den eigenen MB positiv auf den Erwerb der MB auswirkt. Im quasi-experimentellen, randomisierten und kontrollierten Design wurden die Kinder der zweiten (NIG = 71, NKG = 56) sowie vierten Schulstufe (NIG = 65, NKG = 51) prä, post und follow-up in ihren MB getestet. Ko-Varianzanalysen mit den Faktoren Gruppe und Zeit und den Kovariaten BMI und Geschlecht ergaben mittlere Gruppeneffekte, starke Zeiteffekte und schwache bis mittlere ZeitxGruppen-Interaktionseffekte für die Gesamtkompetenz sowie die Teilkompetenzen Etwas-Bewegen und Sich-Bewegen. Für Etwas-Bewegen wurde in der vierten Schulstufe lediglich ein Zeiteffekt beobachtet. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass kompetenzorientierte Unterrichtsmaßnahmen die MB im Sportunterricht der Grundschule gezielt fördern können. Dass diese Effekte nicht generell sind, zeigt der ausgebliebene Interaktionseffekt zu Etwas-Bewegen in der vierten Schulstufe. Demnach sind weitere Studien notwendig, um die Effekte von kompetenzorientierten Unterrichtsmaßnamen auf die Kompetenzentwicklung der Schulkinder zu untersuchen.
Experimental Analysis of Macrocontingencies and Metacontingencies Between Group Competition
Authors: Couto Kalliu Carvalho , Bahari Mohsen , Stokken Anne-Lise , de Carvalho Lucas Couto , Sandaker Ingunn 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMetacontingencies describe a functional relationship between interlocking behavioral contingencies that produce an aggregate product and a selecting environment. Various metacontingency procedures employ operant contingencies and metacontingencies concurrently to investigate participant’s choices to engage in a behavior as a function of either the magnitude or frequency of consequences. However, little research attention has been given to evaluate macrocontingencies to metacontingencies in the context of between-group competition. The present study compared the results of three experimental groups. In experimental group 1, participants responded to the task together and were allowed to use vocal communication. In experimental group 2, participants responded to the task individually. In experimental group 3, participants responded to the task together but were not allowed to use vocal communication. The results showed that some participants in group 2 reached a high percentage of correct responses, but the sum of their performance (macrocontingency) was not significantly better than chance. The performance of participants who cooperated (groups 1 and 3) was significantly better than chance. We discuss the role of between-group selection, within-group variability and social contingencies in the adaptive value of cooperation.
Thermal DLTS study of the defect states of PELLE polymer
Authors: Rusnák Jaroslav , Pecz Michal , Škoviera Ján , Klbik Ivan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe thermal deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) technique was applied to study the defect states and their activation energies of a polyurethane-based polymer network (PELLE) insulator. It was demonstrated that decomposition analysis of exponential transients allows a more accurate determination of the activation energy of the defective states. Two groups of activation energies for the PELLE polymer were observed, ranging from 0.49 eV to 1.9 eV and − 7.84 eV to − 2.53 eV, which were assigned to changes in the bond properties in the hard and soft segments of the studied polymer, respectively. The applicability of the DLTS method for the characterization of polymers was demonstrated. It was shown that the DLTS technique could contribute to a more comprehensive picture of the properties of polymers.
Comparative performance investigation of a dual evaporator cycle using an ejector with the conventional cycle using a pressure reducing valve
Authors: Sachdeva Gulshan , Jaiswar Ajay , Anuradha Parinam , Jain Vaibhav 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe performance of a dual evaporator cycle using ejector is compared with a conventional cycle employing pressure reducing valve. In both the systems, high temperature evaporator is considered as a flooded evaporator, thus a separator is employed after the high temperature evaporator. However, low temperature evaporator is a kind of conventional dry evaporator. The comparison of both systems, i.e., conventional and ejector assisted, is done for the same cooling capacities and same dryness fraction at the exit of high temperature evaporator with R134a, R152a, and R1234yf refrigerants. The effects of varying the states of refrigerant at the exit of flooded evaporator, and temperatures of both the evaporators and the condenser are analyzed using Engineering Equation Solver. It is found that the compressor work is reduced in both the cycles with the rise in low temperature evaporator temperature; however, a little variation is observed in the total cooling effect. The cooling effect in high temperature evaporator is increased with the increase in dryness fraction at the exit of the high temperature flooded evaporator, but it is decreased in low temperature evaporator.
A combined rapid clinical and lung ultrasound score for predicting bronchiolitis severity
Authors: Camporesi Anna , Morello Rosa , Guzzardella Amedeo , Pierucci Ugo Maria , Izzo Francesca , De Rose Cristina , Buonsenso Danilo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Lung ultrasound (LUS) has demonstrated a good correlation with clinical severity scores in bronchiolitis but should be combined with clinical data to achieve the best results. The aim of the study is to create a quick and reliable clinical-ultrasound score to predict the risk of paediatric intensive care (Picu) admission as soon as the patient enters the emergency department (ED).

Methods
A retrospective study conducted at two paediatric EDs. The lung was divided into six zones and scanned with ultrasound; every zone received a score. Clinical data were obtained. For the outcomes “PICU admission” and “CPAP support”, a multivariate analysis was conducted and the significant factors resulting were used to create a 3-item score to predict PICU admission. Area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) for specificity and sensibility of the score was obtained.

Results
Seventy-four patients were enrolled; 34% were admitted to PICU. Thirty-one percent were treated with CPAP. For the outcome “PICU admission”, multivariate analysis demonstrated the presence of wheezing and reduced oral intake to be significant together with ultrasound involvement of the right posterior upper zone and left posterior basal zone. For the outcome “CPAP support”, same clinical factors plus involvement of the right posterior upper zone were significant. A 3-item score (1: presence of wheezing; 2: reduced oral intake; 3: LUS involvement of right posterior upper zone) for prediction of PICU admission was created which presents an AUC of 0.8249.

Conclusions
We were able to create a simple and quick score to predict the need for PICU admission in bronchiolitis.
Developing a diagnosis calculator to estimate the probability of bacterial pneumonia
Authors: Baghdadi Jonathan D. , Tripathi Ravi , Pineles Lisa , Harris Anthony D. , Palacio Danica , Charles Drew , Claeys Kimberly C. , Heil Emily , Bork Jackie , Morgan Daniel J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Misdiagnosis of bacterial pneumonia increases risk of exposure to inappropriate antibiotics and adverse events. We developed a diagnosis calculator (https://calculator.testingwisely.com) to inform clinical diagnosis of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia using objective indicators, including incidence of disease, risk factors, and sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests, that were identified through literature review.
Ex Ante Costs Versus Ex Post Costs of the Large Municipal Waste Combustor Rule
Authors: Morgan Cynthia , Pasurka Carl A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article compares the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) ex ante cost analysis of its 1995 Large Municipal Waste Combustor (MWC): New Source Performance Standards and Emissions Guidelines rule to an ex post assessment of its cost. Unlike many retrospective cost analyses, where ex post assessments are limited due to lack of data on compliance costs, this case study is unique because we located and used plant-level survey data from the U.S. Department of Energy and Governmental Advisory Associates in a comparison of ex ante and ex post costs of individual MWCs. We find the ex post capital expenditures for nitrogen oxide control systems are typically lower than the EPA ex ante estimates, while the ex post capital expenditures for mercury control systems tend to be higher than the EPA ex ante estimates. Finally, while we find a few outliers, the average ratio of ex post to ex ante capital expenditures for particulate matter and sulfur dioxide emissions control is near unity.
Chaos in the Sporting World over Russia’s War of Aggression: Political Neutrality in Light of Human Rights Protection
Authors: Wiater Patricia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
There is currently disagreement in the international sports world about whether Russian and Belarusian athletes should be admitted to international competitions. While initially proposing to ban these athletes, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) is now recommending that sports federations readmit Russian and Belarusian athletes under certain conditions. The IOC believes that this is unavoidable in order to respect human rights. Sports federations are invoking their autonomy on this issue, with some following the IOC’s advice, some maintaining a ban, and others allowing unconditional participation. This piece seeks to correct the IOC’s interpretation of the applicable human rights standard. It asserts that sporting bodies must respect human rights, and that the principles of autonomy and neutrality of sport must be considered in light of internationally recognised human rights standards. If these are used as a yardstick, it becomes clear that collective exclusion can be justified in the extreme case of a war of aggression.
The RIC Recruitment & Retention Materials Toolkit – a resource for developing community-informed study materials
Authors: Mayers Stephanie A. , Cook Sarah K. , Rantala Caitlin , Israel Tiffany , Helmer Tara , Schorr Matt , Campos Guadalupe , Hahn David , Pimentel Pamela , Wynn Mysha , Edwards Terri L. , Stroud Mary , Harris Paul A. , Wilkins Consuelo H. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Clinical trials face many challenges with meeting projected enrollment and retention goals. A study’s recruitment materials and messaging convey necessary key information and therefore serve as a critical first impression with potential participants. Yet study teams often lack the resources and skills needed to develop engaging, culturally tailored, and professional-looking recruitment materials. To address this gap, the Recruitment Innovation Center recently developed a Recruitment & Retention Materials Content and Design Toolkit, which offers research teams guidance, actionable tips, resources, and customizable templates for creating trial-specific study materials. This paper seeks to describe the creation and contents of this new toolkit.
Evaluation of prostate cancer tissue metabolomics: would clinics utilise it for diagnosis?
Authors: Bansal Navneeta , Kumar Manoj , Sankhwar Satya N. , Gupta Ashish 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe difficulty of diagnosing prostate cancer (PC) with the available biomarkers frequently leads to over-diagnosis and overtreatment of PC, underscoring the need for novel molecular signatures. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of the currently available cellular metabolomics for PC molecular signatures. A comprehensive search on PubMed was conducted to find studies published between January 2004 and August 2022 that reported biomarkers for PC detection, development, aggressiveness, recurrence and treatment response. Although potential studies have reported the presence of distinguishing molecules that can distinguish between benign and cancerous prostate tissue. However, there are few studies looking into signature molecules linked to disease development, therapy response or tumour recurrence. The majority of these studies use high-dimensional datasets, and the number of potential metabolites investigated frequently exceeds the size of the available samples. In light of this, pre-analytical, statistical, methodological and confounding factors such as antiandrogen therapy (NAT) may also be linked to the identified chemometric multivariate differences between PC and relevant control samples in the datasets. Despite the methodological and procedural challenges, a range of methodological groups and processes have consistently identified a number of signature metabolites and pathways that appear to imply a substantial involvement in the cellular metabolomics of PC for tumour formation and recurrence.