bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective effects of Descurainia sophia seeds extract and its fractions on pulmonary edema by untargeted urine and serum metabolomics strategy
Authors: Zhang Jinying , Zhou Ning , Wang Yongxiang , Liu Tong , Cao Yumin , Feng Weisheng , Zheng Xiaoke 
Published: February 2023

Background:Descurainia sophia seeds (DS) is a herbal medicine in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating lung diseases. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of DS and five of its fractions upon pulmonary edema (PE) through metabolomics analysis (MA) of urine and serum samples of rats.Methods: A PE model was established by intrathoracic injection of carrageenan. Rats were pretreated with DS extract or its five fractions (polysaccharides (DS-Pol); oligosaccharides (DS-Oli); flavonoid glycosides (DS-FG); flavonoid aglycone (DS-FA); fat oil fraction (DS-FO)) for seven consecutive days. Forty-eight hours after carrageenan injection, lung tissues were subjected to histopathology. MA of urine and serum was done by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, respectively. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis were operated for the MA of rats and potential biomarkers related to treatment. Heatmaps and metabolic networks were constructed to explore how DS and its five fractions act against PE.Results: DS and its five fractions could all attenuate pathologic lung injury to different degrees, and DS-Oli, DS-FG, and DS-FO had a more potent effect compared with DS-Pol and DS-FA. DS-Oli, DS-FG, DS-FA, and DS-FO could regulate the metabolic profiles of PE rats, but DS-Pol was less potent. According to MA, the five fractions could improve PE to some degree due to their anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and renoprotective activities by mediating the metabolism of taurine, tryptophan, and arachidonic acid. However, DS-Oli, DS-FG, and DS-FO had more important roles in edema-fluid reabsorption, and reduction of vascular leakage through regulating the metabolism of phenylalanine, sphingolipid and bile acid. Finally, heatmaps and hierarchical clustering analysis indicated DS-Oli, DS-FG, and DS-FO to be more efficacious than DS-Pol or DS-FA against PE. The five fractions of DS had a synergistic effect on PE from different aspects, thereby constituting the entire efficacy of DS. DS-Oli, DS-FG, or DS-FO could be used as an alternative to DS.Conclusion: MA combined with use of DS and its fractions provided novel insights into the mechanism of action of TCM.
Perspectives of PDE inhibitor on treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Yang Xudan , Xu Zhihao , Hu Songhua , Shen Juan 
Published: February 2023

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD) without an identifiable cause. If not treated after diagnosis, the average life expectancy is 3–5 years. Currently approved drugs for the treatment of IPF are Pirfenidone and Nintedanib, as antifibrotic drugs, which can reduce the decline rate of forced vital capacity (FVC) and reduce the risk of acute exacerbation of IPF. However these drugs can not relieve the symptoms associated with IPF, nor improve the overall survival rate of IPF patients. We need to develop new, safe and effective drugs to treat pulmonary fibrosis. Previous studies have shown that cyclic nucleotides participate in the pathway and play an essential role in the process of pulmonary fibrosis. Phosphodiesterase (PDEs) is involved in cyclic nucleotide metabolism, so PDE inhibitors are candidates for pulmonary fibrosis. This paper reviews the research progress of PDE inhibitors related to pulmonary fibrosis, so as to provide ideas for the development of anti-pulmonary fibrosis drugs.
Polyphyllin VI screened from Chonglou by cell membrane immobilized chromatography relieves inflammatory pain by inhibiting inflammation and normalizing the expression of P2X3 purinoceptor
Authors: Luo Zhenhui , Wang Tingting , Zhang Zhenglang , Zeng Hekun , Yi Mengqin , Li Peiyang , Pan Jiaqin , Zhu Chunyan , Lin Na , Liang Shangdong , Verkhratsky Alexei , Nie Hong 
Published: February 2023

Objective: Inflammatory pain is one of the most common diseases in daily life and clinic. In this work, we analysed bioactive components of the traditional Chinese medicine Chonglou and studied mechanisms of their analgesic effects.Material and methods: Molecular docking technology and U373 cells overexpressing P2X3 receptors combined with the cell membrane immobilized chromatography were used to screen possible CL bioactive molecules interacting with the P2X3 receptor. Moreover, we investigated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Polyphyllin VI (PPIV), in mice with chronic neuroinflammatory pain induced by CFA (complete Freund’s adjuvant).Results: The results of cell membrane immobilized chromatography and molecular docking showed that PPVI was one of the effective compounds of Chonglou. In mice with CFA-induced chronic neuroinflammatory pain, PPVI decreased the thermal paw withdrawal latency and mechanical paw withdrawal threshold and diminished foot edema. Additionally, in mice with CFA-induced chronic neuroinflammatory pain, PPIV reduced the expression of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and downregulated the expression of P2X3 receptors in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord.Conclusion: Our work identifies PPVI as a potential analgesic component in the Chonglou extract. We demonstrated that PPVI reduces pain by inhibiting inflammation and normalizing P2X3 receptor expression in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord.
Bone age recognition based on mask R-CNN using xception regression model
Authors: Liu Zhi-Qiang , Hu Zi-Jian , Wu Tian-Qiong , Ye Geng-Xin , Tang Yu-Liang , Zeng Zi-Hua , Ouyang Zhong-Min , Li Yuan-Zhe 
Published: February 2023

Background and Objective: Bone age detection plays an important role in medical care, sports, judicial expertise and other fields. Traditional bone age identification and detection is according to manual interpretation of X-ray images of hand bone by doctors. This method is subjective and requires experience, and has certain errors. Computer-aided detection can effectually enhance the validity of medical diagnosis, especially with the fast development of machine learning and neural network, the method of bone age recognition using machine learning has gradually become the focus of research, which has the advantages of simple data pretreatment, good robustness and high recognition accuracy.Methods: In this paper, the hand bone segmentation network based on Mask R-CNN was proposed to segment the hand bone area, and the segmented hand bone region was directly input into the regression network for bone age evaluation. The regression network is using an enhancd network Xception of InceptionV3. After the output of Xception, the convolutional block attention module is connected to refine the feature mapping from channel and space to obtain more effective features.Results: According to the experimental results, the hand bone segmentation network model based on Mask R-CNN can segment the hand bone region and eliminate the interference of redundant background information. The average Dice coefficient on the verification set is 0.976. The mean absolute error of predicting bone age on our data set was only 4.97 months, which exceeded the accuracy of most other bone age assessment methods.Conclusion: Experiments show that the accuracy of bone age assessment can be enhancd by using the Mask R-CNN-based hand bone segmentation network and the Xception bone age regression network to form a model, which can be well applied to actual clinical bone age assessment.
Successive harvests affect the aromatic and polyphenol profiles of novel catnip (Nepeta cataria L.) cultivars in a genotype-dependent manner
Authors: Gomes Erik Nunes , Patel Harna , Yuan Bo , Lyu Weiting , Juliani H. Rodolfo , Wu Qingli , Simon James E. 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionCatnip (Nepeta cataria L.) produces volatile iridoid terpenes, mainly nepetalactones, with strong repellent activity against species of arthropods with commercial and medical importance. Recently, new catnip cultivars CR3 and CR9 have been developed, both characterized by producing copious amounts of nepetalactones. Due to its perennial nature, multiple harvests can be obtained from this specialty crop and the effects of such practice on the phytochemical profile of the plants are not extensively studied.MethodsIn this study we assessed the productivity of biomass, chemical composition of the essential oil and polyphenol accumulation of new catnip cultivars CR3 and CR9 and their hybrid, CR9×CR3, across four successive harvests. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and the chemical composition was obtained via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Individual polyphenols were quantified by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography- diode-array detection (UHPLC-DAD).ResultsAlthough the effects on biomass accumulation were independent of genotypes, the aromatic profile and the accumulation of polyphenols had a genotype-dependent response to successive harvests. While cultivar CR3 had its essential oil dominated by E,Z-nepetalactone in all four harvests, cultivar CR9 showed Z,E-nepetalactone as the main component of its aromatic profile during the 1st, 3rd and 4th harvests. At the second harvest, the essential oil of CR9 was mainly composed of caryophyllene oxide and (E)-β-caryophyllene. The same sesquiterpenes represented the majority of the essential oil of the hybrid CR9×CR3 at the 1st and 2nd successive harvests, while Z,E-nepetalactone was the main component at the 3rd and 4th harvests. For CR9 and CR9×CR3, rosmarinic acid and luteolin diglucuronide were at the highest contents at the 1st and 2nd harvest, while for CR3 the peak occurred at the 3rd successive harvest.DiscussionThe results emphasize that agronomic practices can significantly affect the accumulation of specialized metabolites in N. cataria and the genotype-specific interactions may indicate differential ecological adaptations of each cultivar. This is the first report on the effects of successive harvest on these novel catnip genotypes and highlights their potential for the supply of natural products for the pest control and other industries.
The 9-item Concise Health Risk Tracking – Self-Report (CHRT-SR9) measure of suicidal risk: Performance in adult primary care patients
Authors: Nandy Karabi , Rush A. John , Carmody Thomas J. , Mayes Taryn L. , Trivedi Madhukar H. 
Published: February 2023

PurposeTo evaluate the psychometric properties of a 9-item Concise Health Risk Tracking Self-Report (or CHRT-SR9) to assess suicidal risk in adult primary care outpatients.MethodsOverall, 369 adults completed the original 14-item version of CHRT-SR at baseline and within 4 months thereafter, from which the CHRT-SR9 was extracted using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. Measurement invariance (across age and sex) and classical test theory characteristics of the CHRT-SR9 were evaluated. Concurrent validity was assessed by comparing CHRT-SR9 responses to those of the suicide item in the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), both cross-sectionally and as a change measure over time.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis identified the CHRT-SR9 as the optimal solution. Factors included pessimism, helplessness, despair (2 items each) and suicidal thoughts (3 items). Measurement invariance held across sex and age groups, indicating that mean differences among sub-groups were real and not attributable to measurement bias. Classical test theory revealed acceptable item-total correlations overall (0.57–0.79) and internal consistency (Spearman–Brown from 0.76 to 0.90). Concurrent validity analyses revealed that the CHRT-SR9 can measure both improvement and worsening of suicidality over time. A PHQ-9 response of 0, 1, 2, and 3 on the suicide item corresponded to 7.82 (5.53), 16.80 (4.99), 20.71 (5.36), and 25.95 (7.30) (mean and SD) on CHRT-SR9 total score, respectively.ConclusionThe CHRT-SR9 is a brief self-report evaluating suicidality with excellent psychometric properties that is sensitive to change over time.
Association of thyroid function with abnormal lipid metabolism in young patients with first-episode and drug naïve major depressive disorder
Authors: Hu Jieqiong , Ji Yunxin , Lang Xiaoe , Zhang Xiang-Yang 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionAbnormal lipid metabolism in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) has received increasing attention. The coexistence of MDD and abnormal thyroid function has been intensively studied. Moreover, thyroid function is closely related to lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between thyroid function and abnormal lipid metabolism in young patients with first-episode and drug naïve (FEDN) MDD.MethodsA total of 1,251 outpatients aged 18–44 years with FEDN MDD were enrolled. Demographic data were collected, and lipid and thyroid function levels were measured, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free tetraiodothyronine (FT4), anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TG-Ab), and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab). The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive subscale were also assessed for each patient.ResultsCompared with young MDD patients without comorbid lipid metabolism abnormalities, patients with comorbid lipid metabolism abnormalities had higher body mass index (BMI) values, HAMD score, HAMA score, PANSS positive subscale score, TSH levels, TG-Ab levels, and TPO-Ab levels. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that TSH level, HAMD score and BMI were risk factors for abnormal lipid metabolism. TSH levels were an independent risk factor for abnormal lipid metabolism in young MDD patients. Stepwise multiple linear regression showed that both TC and LDL-C levels were positively correlated with TSH levels, HAMD and PANSS positive subscale scores, respectively. HDL-C levels were negatively correlated with TSH levels. TG levels were positively correlated with TSH and TG-Ab levels and HAMD score.DiscussionOur results show that thyroid function parameters, especially TSH levels, are implicated in abnormal lipid metabolism in young patients with FEDN MDD.
Measuring symptoms of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders using a single dimensional self-report scale
Authors: Moreno-Amador Beatriz , Piqueras José A. , Rodríguez-Jiménez Tíscar , Martínez-González Agustín E. , Cervin Matti 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundObsessions and compulsions are heterogenous but can be classified into obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), hoarding disorder (HD), hair-pulling disorder (HPD), and skin-picking disorder (SPD). OCD is in itself heterogenous, with symptoms clustering around four major symptom dimensions: contamination/cleaning, symmetry/ordering, taboo obsessions, and harm/checking. No single self-report scale captures the full heterogeneity of OCD and related disorders, limiting assessment in clinical practice and research on nosological relations among the disorders.MethodsTo provide a single self-report scale of OCD and related disorders that respects the heterogeneity of OCD, we expanded the DSM-5-based Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders-Dimensional Scales (OCRD-D) so that is also includes the four major symptom dimensions of OCD. A psychometric evaluation and an exploration of the overarching relations among the dimensions were conducted using an online survey which was completed by 1,454 Spanish adolescents and adults (age span = 15–74 years). Approximately 8 months after the initial survey, 416 participants completed the scale again.ResultsThe expanded scale showed excellent internal psychometric properties, adequate test-retest correlations, known groups validity, and correlations in the expected directions with well-being, depression/anxiety symptoms, and satisfaction with life. The higher-order structure of the measure indicated that harm/checking and taboo obsessions formed a common disturbing thoughts factor and that HPD and SPD formed a common body-focused repetitive behaviors factor.ConclusionThe expanded OCRD-D (OCRD-D-E) shows promise as a unified way to assess symptoms across the major symptom dimensions of OCD and related disorders. The measure may be useful in clinical practice (e.g., screening) and research, but more research on construct validity, incremental validity, and clinical utility is needed.
Association between interpersonal relations and anxiety, depression symptoms, and suicidal ideation among middle school students
Authors: Zheng Meixin , Guo Xiaoyan , Chen Zhiyan , Deng Jing , Hu Mi 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the relationship between different types of interpersonal relationships and anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation and discusses the impact of different grades among middle school students.MethodsThe Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale, the Chinese version of the Generalized Anxiety Scale, suicidal ideation questions, and interpersonal relations items were used to measure the depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, suicidal ideation, and interpersonal relations of the participants. The variables of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and interpersonal relations were screened using the Chi-square test and principal component analysis. AMOS17.0 constructs the path of the association between interpersonal relations and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and suicidal ideation.ResultsThe mother-child relationship had direct impacts of −0.06, −0.07, and −0.06 on anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. On anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation, the direct impacts of the father-child relationship were −0.09, −0.03, and −0.08. Moreover, the direct effects of peer relationships on depressive symptoms were −0.04, whereas the direct impact of teacher-student relationships on anxiety and depressive symptoms were −0.10 and −0.09. Further pathway analysis based on grade level showed that in the junior high school model, the direct effect of the mother-child relationship on anxiety and depressive symptoms was −0.18 and −0.16. The direct impact of the father-child relationship on depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation was −0.08 and 0.09. The direct effect of peer relationships on depressive symptoms was −0.08, and the direct impact of the teacher-student relationship on anxiety symptoms was −0.06. In the high school model, the direct effect of the mother-child relationship on suicidal ideation was −0.07, while the direct impact of the father-child relationship on anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation was −0.10, −0.07, and −0.12, respectively. In addition, the direct effects of peer relationships on anxiety and depression were −0.06 and −0.05, and the direct impact of teacher-student relationships on anxiety and depression was −0.10 and −0.11.ConclusionThe father-child relationship affects suicidal ideation and depression the most, followed by the mother-child relationship, the teacher-student interaction, and the peer relationship. The teacher-student relationship influences anxiety symptoms the most, followed by the father-child and mother-child relationships. The association between interpersonal interactions and anxiety, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation varied significantly across grade levels.
Association between caring for grandchildren based on living arrangements and cognitive function among Chinese middle-aged and older adults: The mediating roles of social activities and depressive symptoms
Authors: Hou Xuebei , Xiong Yuan , Qiao Guiyuan , Zhou Jing 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionIn the context of an aging population and age-related conditions increasing, the increasing number of middle-aged and older adults are involved in grandchildren care. This study aimed to 1) explore the association between caring for grandchildren based on living arrangements and cognitive function among Chinese middle-aged and older adults; and 2) investigate the mediating roles of social activities and depressive symptoms in the aforementioned association.MethodsThis study selected 5490 Chinese people (≥45 years old) from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Participants answered questions related to socio-demographics, the Mini-mental State Examination, the intensity of grandchildren care, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and social activity.ResultsThe results showed that caring for grandchildren and cohabiting with a spouse was positively associated with cognitive function among Chinese middle-aged and older adults (B = 0.829, p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, there was a positive association between providing intensive or no-intensive grandchildren care and cognitive function. In contrast, caring for grandchildren but not cohabiting with a spouse was negatively associated with cognitive function (B = −0.545, p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, directly and indirectly, caring for grandchildren was significantly associated with cognitive function among Chinese middle-aged and older adults, as mediated by social activities and depressive symptoms.DiscussionThe findings emphasize that living arrangements, social engagement, and psychological health could be considered when encouraging grandparent care as formal care.
Changes in prescription drug abuse during the COVID-19 pandemic evidenced in the Catalan pharmacies
Authors: Perelló Maria , Rio-Aige Karla , Rius Pilar , Bagaría Guillermo , Jambrina Anna M. , Gironès Montse , Pérez-Cano Francisco José , Rabanal Manel 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThe impact of a pandemic on the mental health of the population is to be expected due to risk factors such as social isolation. Prescription drug abuse and misuse could be an indicator of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. Community pharmacists play an important role in addressing prescription drug abuse by detecting signs and behaviors that give a clearer indication that a drug abuse problem exists.MethodsA prospective observational study to observe prescription drug abuse was conducted from March 2020 to December 2021 to compare with data obtained in the previous 2 years, through the Medicine Abuse Observatory, the epidemiological surveillance system set up in Catalonia. Information was obtained through a validated questionnaire attached on a web-based system and data collection software. A total of 75 community pharmacies were enrolled in the program.ResultsThe number of notifications during the pandemic period (11.8/100.000 inhabitants) does not indicate a significant change compared with those from pre-pandemic period, when it was 12.5/100.000 inhabitants. However, the number of notifications during the first wave when lockdown was in place stood at 6.1/100,000 inhabitants, significantly lower than in both the pre-pandemic and the whole of the pandemic periods. Regarding the patient's profile, it was observed that the proportion of younger patients (&lt;25 and 25–35) rose in contrast to older ones (45–65 and &gt;65). The use of benzodiazepines and fentanyl increased.ConclusionsThis study has made it possible to observe the impact of the pandemic caused by COVID-19 on the behavior of patients in terms of use of prescription drugs through analysis of the trends of abuse or misuse and by comparing them with the pre-pandemic period. Overall, the increased detection of benzodiazepines has pointed out stress and anxiety generated by the pandemic.