bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The New Definition and Epidemiology of Extensive Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in 2020
Authors: Sterlikov S. A. , Vasilyeva I. A. , Mikhaylova Yu. V. , Kudrina V. G. , Testov V. V. 
Published: April 2023

The objective: to study the epidemiology and incidence of XDR tuberculosis given the updated definition.Subjects and Methods. The results of replies to the specialized inquiry by the Russian Ministry of Health about results of microbiological diagnostics and MTB drug susceptibility tests were studied. To assess the incidence of pre-extensive drug resistance, general population data were used, and for extensive drug resistance, data from 8 regions of Russia were used.Results. The incidence of pre-extensive drug resistance was 39,1% [95% CI 38,4–39,8] among tuberculosis cases with rifampicin resistance including 26,8% in new cases [95% CI 25,8–27,9]; among all cases receiving treatment for whom DST results were available, it made 20,2%, including primary resistance in 9,7%. The incidence of XDR among cases with pre-extensive drug resistance was 3,0% [95% uncertainty interval 1,8–5,3] for all cases, including primary resistance in 1,6% [95% uncertainty interval 0,2–5,7].Conclusion. Despite the low incidence of pre-extensive drug resistance, it is expected to increase primarily due to growing resistance to fluoroquinolones. Resistance to innovative drugs, in particular XDR, is not yet a serious problem.
Epidemic Patterns and Effectiveness of Treatment of Tuberculosis Patients with Different Drug Resistance Profiles in the Republic of Tajikistan
Authors: Bobokhodzhaev O. I. , Sirodzhidinova U. Yu. , Nurov R. M. , Pirmakhmadzoda B. P. , Abdurakhimov A. A. , Saydaliev S. M. , Bobokhodzhaev F. O. , Makhmudov M. O. 
Published: April 2023

The objective: study of the burden and effectiveness of treatment of multiple drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR TB) with different chemotherapy regimens in the Republic of Tajikistan.Subjects and Methods. To achieve this objective, the prevalence of drug resistant tuberculosis in 2009–2020 was studied by analyzing statistical documents on drug resistant tuberculosis, official reporting data from the Center for Medical Statistics and Republican TB Control Center by the Ministry of Health and Population Social Welfare of the Republic of Tajikistan.Results. The analysis of official statistics indicates a stable trend towards a decrease in tuberculosis incidence from 2014 to 2019, annually on average up to 1% – from 60,8 to 56,5 per 100,000 population. During the pandemic in 2019–2020, this trend increased, according to statistics the incidence made 39.7 per 100,000 population. From 2014 to 2019, tuberculosis mortality also declined steadily from 3,9 to 2,2 per 100,000 population. During the pandemic in 2019–2020, a rapid decline was noted – from 2,2 to 1,4, while in 2020–2022, it decreased from 1,4 to 1,0 per 100,000 population. From 2013 to 2020 treatment success reached 90%. The detection of drug resistant tuberculosis is close to 900 cases per year, and more than 90% of them were covered with treatment. In 2018–2020, successful treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis increased from 72,5% to 80,6% due to the introduction of new and repurposed anti-tuberculosis drugs.
Efficacy and safety of bedaquiline in treatment regimens in patients TB/HV co-infection in the Udmurt Republic
Authors: Russkikh O. E. , Savintseva E. V. , Kudlay D. A. , Krivosheeva Zh. I. 
Published: April 2023

The objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bedaquiline in new chemotherapy regimens in HIV-positive tuberculosis patients.Subjects and Methods. Treatment results of 60 patients with TB/HIV co-infection using treatment regimens containing bedaquiline were analyzed.Results. Patients with TB/HIV co-infection demonstrated poor adherence to treatment, so 46/60 (76.6%) patients did not complete the intensive phase of chemotherapy. The use of bedaquiline did not cause a critical prolongation of the QT according to ECG results, manifestations of arrhythmia, and it was well combined with ART. Sputum conversion (by culture) was registered in the following cases: by the end of the 2nd month of chemotherapy in 36/60 (60.0%) patients, by the end of the 6th month of chemotherapy – in 11/14 (78.6%) patients.
ХХ. YÜZYIL ÖZBEK EDEBİYATINDA MUAMMA TÜRÜ
Authors: JURAEV Jalolıddın 
Published: April 2023

Özbek edebiyatında muamma türünün tarihi, edebi cereyanlardaki yeri, tarihsel gelişimi, muamma türünde yazılan şiirlerdeki anlam ve edebi yönleri meselesi yeterli derecede incelenmemiştir.
Nevaî’ye kadar eser yazan Atayi, Harezmli Hafız, Haydar Harezmî gibi şairler de muamma türünün özelliklerinden haberdar olmuşlardır. Şeyh Ahmed Terâzî “Fünunü’l-belaga” eserinde muamma türüne özel bir bölüm ayırmıştır.
Ali Şir Nevaî’nin Türkçe yazdığı muammaların sayısı, anlamı, edebi özelliği ve işlediği konuların genişliği şairin bu şiir türüne verdiği önemi anlamak için yeterlidir. Bu dönemin edebi ekolunda çok sayıda muamma türünde şiirler yazan şairler yetişti.
Nevaî’den sonra Türk dilinde Babur (1483-1530) 54 adet, Ubeydî (1486-1540) 8 adet, Munis (1778-1829) 68 adet, onun kardeşi Muhammedrıza Âgehî (1809-1894) 80 adet muamma yazdığı bilinmektedir.
ХХ. yüzyıldan itibaren bazı klasik şiir türleri şairler tarafından az önem verilmeye başladı. Böyle türlerin sırasına muamma türünü de katabiliriz.
XX. yüzyılda Özbek edebiyatında az da olsa muamma türündeki şiirlere bazı şairlerin eserleri arasında rastlayabiliriz. İşbu şairlerin eserleri örneğinde muamma türünün Özbek edebiyatında devamı görülmektedir. Bu şiirlerde muammaya özgü geleneksel unsurların dışında yeni özelliklerde göze çarpmaktadır. Bugüne kadar konunun bu yönleri yeterli derecede incelenmemiştir. İşbu makalede ХХ. yüzyılda yaşamış Özbek şairlerinin muammalarını incelemek vasıtasıyla şiirlerin tür özellikleri, işlenen gaye ve edebi yönleri gibi konuları ortaya koymaya çalışılmıştır.
Host genetic markers associated with severe COVID-19: A systematic review
Authors: Butti Matias , Menazzi Sebastian , Fernández Francisco , Correa Jorge Correa Jorge , Grzona Esteban Grzona Esteban 
Published: April 2023

Background: Severity of COVID-19 has been linked to several factors. As any other polygenic-multifactorial phenotype, genotype is not determinant in this prediction but may add actionable information. There is no consensus yet as to which genetic markers are useful, but several studies have been published that postulate different hypotheses acknowledging the relevance of including host genetics among the variables that predict the risk for severe forms of the disease. Objective: The objective of this study is to perform a systematic review that summarizes the projects, studies and postulated markers in order to establish if their application in clinical practice is currently feasible. Materials and methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in Pubmed. The inclusion criterion was studies of patients with COVID-19 who had germinal genetic markers of interest sequenced. The selected studies had to include at least a group of patients with the severe form of the disease. Results: 7 studies that met the criteria were included, which involved 6347 individuals. Markers for 19 genes have been postulated as relevant. Conclusion: The performed analysis indicates that multiple markers may be correlated with worse evolution of COVID-19; however, great heterogeneity has been found among the studies, which still precludes their translation into clinical practice.
Sculpting micro-, meio-, and macrofauna
Authors: Maric Filip , Poto Margherita , Zimmermann Heike Jane , Panieri Giuliana 
Published: April 2023

Focus:
To appreciate the biodiversity of the Arctic Ocean and ocean floor, with a particular focus on lesser-known species. What kind of micro- meio-, and macrofauna (species) live on the ocean floor and what do they look like?
Learning objectives:
In this activity, pupils will identify (one, two, or more) species living at or close to the Arctic Ocean floor and sculpt them using modelling clay. Through this activity, pupils will hopefully begin to understand difference between Arctic Ocean micro-, meio-, and macrofauna.
Key words:
Arctic ocean biodiversity, species, fauna.
Human impact: Ecological footprints
Authors: Maric Filip , Poto Margherita , Panieri Giuliana 
Published: April 2023

Focus:
To understand the meaning of the human ecological footprint. Pupils will think about questions like how do our actions (e.g., research) affect the environment around us and, what can we do to reduce the human impact on the oceans?
Learning objectives:
In this activity, pupils will learn to develop an understanding of their relationship with the oceans and the marine environment and hopefully be inspired to turn their knowledge into action.
Key words:
Human impact, footprints, action.
Editorial
Authors: Solomon Paul 
Published: April 2023

I am very happy to introduce the 2010 issue of 'Forum: The Journal of the New Zealand Association of Psychotherapists'. We open with Paraire Huata's keynote address from the 2009 conference, which was hosted in partnership between NZAP and Te Puna Wanaka, Christchurch. Paraire invited us to enter Te Ao Māori; and that was the conference that saw us vote members of Waka Oranga onto Council. I hope that Māori psychotherapists will feel encouraged to contribute to future issues of the Forum.
Organouranium Chemistry
Authors: Walter Marc D. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Major research topics in organouranium chemistry during the calendar period 2014–2021 entail (i) the development of uranium complexes featuring the oxidation state +2, which has not been available in organic media until recently, (ii) the application of organouranium complexes in small molecule activation including multi‐electron processes, (iii) preparation of novel complexes featuring uranium‐element multiple bonds and uranium–metal bonds, (iv) new carbocycles in the coordination sphere of uranium, (v) the synthesis of well‐defined uranium metallacycles and their intrinsic reactivity, and (vi) applications in catalysis.
Structural Basis of
Escherichia coli
YtfE Iron Donor Properties
Authors: Silva Liliana SO , Lourenço Frederico M , Almeida Mafalda R , Saraiva Lígia M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Escherichia coli
YtfE was first discovered due to the very high induction of the encoded gene in bacterial cells exposed to nitrosative stress conditions. The subsequent studies show that YtfE is a di‐iron protein with ability to: (i) protect cells under nitrosative and/or oxidative stress; (ii) repair damaged iron–sulfur clusters; (iii) donate iron for the formation of
de novo
iron–sulfur clusters; and (iv) its di‐iron center binds and reduces nitric oxide (NO) to nitrous oxide (N
2
O). This article focuses on the structural basis of the iron‐donating properties of
Escherichia coli
YtfE.
The Molybdenum Storage Protein
Authors: Baars Tonie , Aziz Iram , Poppe Juliane , Brünle Steffen , Schneider Klaus , Ermler Ulrich 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

For synthesing the FeMo cofactor of nitrogenase N
2
‐fixing bacteria continuously demand molybdate nonconstantly available in their habitats. Significant selection advantages have those species containing the molybdenum storage protein (MoSto) due to its capability to deposit ca. 130 Mo compactly as polynuclear Mo(VI)‐O or polyoxometalate (POM) clusters. Due to similar physicochemical properties, W can be stored in a related fashion. Heterododecameric MoSto is built up of two heterohexameric (αβ)
3
cages each containing 5 distinct locations for POM clusters. The complex interplay of self‐assembly and protein‐promoted processes creates a great diversity of POM clusters varying between 2 and 16 Mo atoms. Starting from smaller core species multiply linked with protein templates larger aggregates are synthesized that contain as a component an archetypical POM cluster found in solution. Mechanistically, POM cluster formation proceeds within a two‐step process. Molybdate is, at first, pressed through the cage shell in an ATP‐consuming fashion and then spontaneously polymerizes in the cage to POM clusters. Molybdate appears to be activated in the first step by phosphorylation in an ATP kinase reaction. The formed instable phosphoric‐molybdic anhydride intermediate is afterward, instantaneously, hydrolyzed in a locked chamber and the energized molybdate penetrates the protein shell at a thin place.
Self‐Targeted Co‐Delivery of an Antibiotic and a Cancer‐Chemotherapeutic from Synthetic Liposomes for the Treatment of Infected Tumors
Authors: Wang Da‐Yuan , Cao Yuanlong , Yang Guang , Zhang Siyu , van der Mei Henny C. , Ren Yijin , van Kooten Theo G. , de Groot Derk‐Jan A. , de Haan Jacco J. , Shi Linqi , Busscher Henk J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntra‐tumor bacteria promote tumor growth and inactivate cancer‐chemotherapeutics, causing poor treatment prognoses. Combined administration of cancer‐chemotherapeutics and antibiotics may disturb the oral and intestinal microflora in critically‐ill patients. To establish intra‐tumor co‐delivery of cancer‐chemotherapeutics and antibiotics, gemcitabine and ciprofloxacin are loaded in so‐called “self‐targeting”, highly blood‐compatible, synthetic DCPA‐H2O liposomes equipped with complexed water for pH‐responsiveness. Liposomal pH‐responsiveness can be maintained by in‐shell loading of gemcitabine and in‐core loading of ciprofloxacin. These dual‐loaded liposomes are stealthily transported in the blood circulation to accumulate in the acidic environment of an infected tumor. Upon tumor self‐targeting, liposomes are fused with tumor cells and infecting bacteria and are disassembled to simultaneously release gemcitabine and ciprofloxacin. Treatment of mice with these self‐targeting liposomes yields significantly higher responses of Escherichia coli infected tumors with respect to both infection and tumor volume than gemcitabine and ciprofloxacin co‐delivered from non‐self‐targeting liposomes or free gemcitabine with or without ciprofloxacin in solution.
Stretchable Organic Transistor Based Pressure Sensor Employing a Porous Elastomer Gate Dielectric
Authors: Song Runqiao , Ren Ping , Liu Yuxuan , Zhu Yong , Dong Jingyan , O'Connor Brendan T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCompliant pressure sensors are a key technology for wearable electronics and haptic interfaces. Making transistors pressure‐sensitive provides an opportunity to combine sensing and matrix readout characteristics. However, there is typically a trade‐off in pressure sensitivity, complexity of fabrication, and mechanical resilience. To overcome these challenges, an all solution‐processed kirigami‐inspired stretchable organic thin film transistor (OTFT) based pressure sensor array is introduced. The OTFTs integrate several novel processing and design strategies that include electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet‐printed Ag nanowire (NW) electrodes that are partially embedded in a polyimide (PI) matrix. The EHD printing provides fine pattern control and the NW/PI composite improves mechanical stability. The OTFTs are made pressure sensitive by employing a porous styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene gate dielectric achieved using a breath figure method. The pore density can be controlled to achieve tunable pressure sensitivity. The OTFTs are shown to maintain performance under a small bending radius (1 mm) and can sense applied pressure from 0.75 to 25 kPa. Finally, a cut pattern is introduced into the substrate that imparts stretchability while maintaining pressure sensor functionality. The integration of the design features and processing methods introduced in this work enables mechanically resilient stretchable pressure sensors.
Creating Wavelength‐Selective Polarization Digital Numbers
Authors: Intaravanne Yuttana , Ansari Muhammad Afnan , Ahmed Hammad , Chen Xianzhong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolarization and wavelength are two important properties of light for understanding optics. Engineered polarization and wavelength profiles have received considerable interest due to their unusual optical features and more degrees of freedom. However, to simultaneously control polarization and wavelengths, conventional methods suffer from big pixel size, complicated fabrication process, and limited levels in phase control. The unprecedented capability of metasurfaces in the light control has shown much promise to tackle these challenges. Polarization digital numbers with ten different wavelengths are proposed and experimentally realized. A geometric metasurface is used to simultaneously realize wavelength multiplexing, phase multiplexing, and polarization rotation, creating wavelength‐selective polarization digital numbers. A deep learning approach is used to increase the identification accuracy of the digital numbers. The approach can simultaneously control wavelength and polarization, providing more design flexibility. This work may find applications in many fields such as virtual reality, image steganography, and anti‐counterfeiting.
Unlocking Genetic Profiles with a Programmable DNA‐Powered Decoding Circuit
Authors: Liu Junlan , Zhang Chao , Song Jinxing , Zhang Qing , Zhang Rongjun , Zhang Mingzhi , Han Da , Tan Weihong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHuman genetic architecture provides remarkable insights into disease risk prediction and personalized medication. Advances in genomics have boosted the fine‐mapping of disease‐associated genetic variants across human genome. In healthcare practice, interpreting intricate genetic profiles into actionable medical decisions can improve health outcomes but remains challenging. Here an intelligent genetic decoder is engineered with programmable DNA computation to automate clinical analyses and interpretations. The DNA‐based decoder recognizes multiplex genetic information by one‐pot ligase‐dependent reactions and interprets implicit genetic profiles into explicit decision reports. It is shown that the DNA decoder implements intended computation on genetic profiles and outputs a corresponding answer within hours. Effectiveness in 30 human genomic samples is validated and it is shown that it achieves desirable performance on the interpretation of CYP2C19 genetic profiles into drug responses, with accuracy equivalent to that of Sanger sequencing. Circuit modules of the DNA decoder can also be readily reprogrammed to interpret another pharmacogenetics genes, provide drug dosing recommendations, and implement reliable molecular calculation of polygenic risk score (PRS) and PRS‐informed cancer risk assessment. The DNA‐powered intelligent decoder provides a general solution to the translation of complex genetic profiles into actionable healthcare decisions and will facilitate personalized healthcare in primary care.
Erector spinae plane block for peri‐operative analgesia in a patient undergoing surgery for Ewing's sarcoma of the clavicle
Authors: Theja R. S. , Gupta N. , Panwar V. , Kumar N. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThe erector spinae plane block is a regional anaesthetic technique originally developed to manage thoracic neuropathic pain. It is popular because of its ease of learning and its applicability in various types of surgeries, providing both cutaneous and visceral analgesia. We report a case of a 30‐year‐old man who underwent excision of Ewing's sarcoma of the clavicle with brachiocephalic vein repair and pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction under general anaesthesia, with bilateral erector spinae plane block, with catheter insertion on the side of the lesion. The operation necessitated peri‐operative anticoagulation, and so erector spinae blocks were performed to provide analgesia where epidural insertion was contraindicated. Adequate pain relief was achieved during the entire postoperative stay. The erector spinae plane block is thought to work due to the direct spread and diffusion of local anaesthetic into the posterior rami of spinal nerves located deep to the erector spinae muscles, and anterior spread into paravertebral space with additional effect potentially due to systemic absorption This case highlights the role of the erector spinae plane block in complex clavicular surgery requiring peri‐operative anticoagulation, and potentially obviates the need for neuraxial analgesia.
Alkylated chitosan nanomaterials for enhanced antimicrobial activity and delivery of fusidic acid: Preparation and preliminary in vitro investigation
Authors: Bostanudin Mohammad F. , Salam Aisha , Kayed Kawthar , Jan Nasrullah 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNanomaterials manufactured of amphiphilically‐altered polysaccharides have sparked a great deal of interest due to their capability to elevate drug transport across the skin. The study presents the fabrication of alkylated chitosan through 2‐tert‐butoxymethyloxirane alteration (alkylation degree 29.7%), that was typified by spectroscopic, chromatographic, and thermal analysis approaches before being constructed into nanomaterials for the analysis of their capability in governing fusidic acid diffusion percutaneously. The nanomaterials were constructed via the ionic interaction of positively charged chitosan and negatively charged cross linker sodium tripolyphosphate, with a loading degree of fusidic acid of ca. 20% reported. Fusidic acid release was slower in nanomaterials constructed of alkylated chitosan than in neat chitosan. Under application‐relevant conditions, in vitro incubation with HaCaT cells exhibited insignificant toxicity. Using Franz diffusion cells, the alkylated chitosan nanomaterials induced fusidic acid to infiltrate the Strat‐M® membrane at a 2‐fold greater rate than the neat chitosan nanomaterials. Based on the agar diffusion test, fusidic acid was shown to have better antimicrobial activity when loaded into alkylated chitosan nanomaterials than when loaded into neat chitosan nanomaterials. Ultimately, the in vitro results revealed that alkylated chitosan nanomaterials offer a great deal of potential for percutaneous delivery, which merits greater analysis.
A novel method for long‐term preserving of urine microstructure using poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Farhan Mohammed Alwan , Al‐Garawi Zahraa S. , Ali Wassan Baqir , Nief Olfat Abaid 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor urinalysis teaching and routine clinical imaging of urine, urine microscopic test needs slides that can be clearly examined for long term, which is still under focus. This study hypothesized, that poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and polystyrene (PS) could be able to reserve the urine components for a long time. Therefore, we explored, for the first time upon our knowledge, the potential of PVC and PS polymers to adhere the cover slide. The physical properties, viscosity, average molecular weight, the tensile strength and intrinsic viscosity of the polymers were determined. A normal slide (8 × 3 cm × 1 mm) was used to test a urine sample in the presence of either 3% PVC in tetra hydro‐furan(THF) or 3% PS. The results of imaging the PVC and PS slide indicate a clear and transparent vision. The PVC urine slide maintains normal components of urine up to a year, which did not observe in the PS slide. These results suggest that PVC is an effective polymer to protect urine compositions from hydrolyses or decomposition, which makes this novel urine slide a successful candidate for long‐term teaching of urinalyses.