bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of direct S-wave and coda-wave site amplification determined from aftershocks of the Little Skull Mountain earthquake
Authors: Su Feng , Anderson John G. , Brune James N. , Zeng Yuehua 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Site amplifications of direct S waves and coda waves are studied and compared using high-quality, three-component digital data from aftershocks of the Little Skull Mountain, Neveda, earthquake. We use data from 12 stations installed on a variety of geological and topographic site conditions, distributed widely in space with different azimuths and epicentral distances. S-wave site amplifications are obtained in the frequency range from about 0.5 to over 30 Hz, while coda-wave site amplifications are obtained in a frequency range from about 1.5 to over 30 Hz. A thorough statistical analysis of these results was performed. We find that (1) for S waves, all three components at a station follow a similar frequency-dependent trend. The amplitudes of the two horizontal components match more closely, while the vertical component shows consistently lower amplification than the horizontal components at low frequencies. (2) For coda waves, all three components share both similar frequency-dependent trends and amplification level. (3) S-wave and coda-wave site amplification are consistent for stations with epicentral distance greater than about 10 km (which is about the average focal depth of the earthquakes we used). Within the epicentral distance of 10 km, however, some stations show discordant S-wave and coda-wave site amplifications. Possible factors are that the direct S waves are affected by particular wave propagation paths and that at short distance SV is partitioned with more energy on the horizontal components and less on the vertical components than at larger distances.
The possiblity of observing nonlinear path effect in earthquake-induced seismic wave propagation
Authors: Beresnev Igor A. , Wen Kuo-Liang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Observations of the dependence of elastic-wave velocities on stress in the lithosphere, ultrasonic modeling, and field experiments using controllable sources reveal that significant nonlinear elastic effects may occur in seismic wave propagation. Theoretical modeling involving nonlinear wave equation shows that the most pronounced and practically observable implication of the nonlinear elasticity in broadband-signal propagation is the gradual enrichment of the spectra in high-frequency components. We check the significance of nonlinear path effects using the strong ground motion data from two accelerograph arrays in Taiwan. The data cover the motions with peak ground accelerations from 1 to 161 Gal (cm/sec2) and peak surface strains from 10−4 to 10−7. The differences between the average spectra of seismic waves recorded by groups of stations separated by distances of 20 to 40 km are examined to identify the possible nonlinear path effect. Mixed results have been obtained. In the SMART2 array, the increase in high-frequency energy is detected in compliance with the theory, which corroborates elastic nonlinearity. On the other hand, in the NCCU array, no symptoms of nonlinear wave propagation are found. Poor signal-to-noise conditions and restrictions imposed by the frequency band of standard instrumentation might be accountable for the negative result.
Aftershocks of nuclear explosions compared to natural aftershocks
Authors: Gross Susanna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Aftershocks of seven large nuclear explosions that were detonated at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) from 1968 through 1976 have been modeled with with different aftershock decay functions. Four natural aftershock sequences from the area have also been studied. The aftershocks of nuclear explosions are different from most natural aftershocks, because they decay more rapidly, and their decay is more often fit by variants of exponential functions. The aftershocks of nuclear explosions generally have shallower focus than natural aftershocks, in keeping with the relatively shallow depths at which the nuclear explosions were detonated. Rapid decay is also observed in shallow-focus aftershocks of natural earthquakes near the Nevada Test Site, suggesting that conditions at the hypocenters of the aftershocks influence the temporal decay of aftershocks. A theory of aftershock decay proposed by Dieterich (1994) predicts more rapid decay at shallow depths and offers one possible explanation of the results. Because aftershocks of nuclear explosions decay rapidly, the activity currently observed in the Nevada Test Site has most likely decayed fully, and so the current level of activity should persist into the future.
An analysis of simulated and observed blast records in the Salt Lake Basin
Authors: Olsen Kim B. , Pechmann James C. , Schuster Gerard T. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We have simulated 0.2 to 1.2-Hz 3D elastic wave propagation in the Salt Lake Basin from a blast at a nearby open-pit mine. A fourth-order staggered-grid finite-difference method was used to simulate the blast in a two-layer basin model (58 × 43 × 9 km) consisting of semiconsolidated sediments up to 1.3-km thick surrounded by bedrock.
Data from four blasts in the mine pit, recorded by a network of 10 digital three-component instruments, were compared to the results of the simulation. The simulation reproduces the overall pattern of ground-motion amplification at basin sites relative to a rock site, as measured by ratios of peak particle velocities, cumulative kinetic energies, and spectral magnitudes. Considering the simple two-layer basin model used in the 3D simulation, this finding suggests that the deep 3D basin structure significantly contributes to low-frequency ground-motion amplification in the Salt Lake Basin.
Compared to the records from the simple two-layer 3D simulation, the records from a 2D P/SV-wave simulation that includes processes (1) through (3) provide a better match to the blast data—especially the observed durations of shaking. At five of the six stations along the profile, the 2D simulation reproduces the normalized radial and vertical peak particle velocities to within a factor of 2 and the normalized cumulative kinetic energies and spectral amplitudes on these components to within generally a factor of 3.
Our results suggest that deep-basin resonance, reverberations in the near-surface low-velocity layer, attenuation, and topographic scattering significantly influence site amplification in the Salt Lake Basin. Future studies of site amplification in the Salt Lake Basin should include the effects of all of these mechanisms.
Simulating seismic wave propagation in 3D elastic media using staggered-grid finite differences
Authors: Graves Robert W. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article provides an overview of the application of the staggered-grid finite-difference technique to model wave propagation problems in 3D elastic media. In addition to presenting generalized, discrete representations of the differential equations of motion using the staggered-grid approach, we also provide detailed formulations that describe the incorporation of moment-tensor sources, the implementation of a stable and accurate representation of a planar free-surface boundary for 3D models, and the derivation and implementation of an approximate technique to model spatially variable anelastic attenuation within time-domain finite-difference computations. The comparison of results obtained using the staggered-grid technique with those obtained using a frequency-wavenumber algorithm shows excellent agreement between the two methods for a variety of models. In addition, this article also introduces a memory optimization procedure that allows large-scale 3D finite-difference problems to be computed on a conventional, single-processor desktop workstation. With this technique, model storage is accommodated using both external (hard-disk) and internal (core) memory. To reduce system overhead, a cascaded time update procedure is utilized to maximize the number of computations performed between I/O operations. This formulation greatly expands the applicability of the 3D finite-difference technique by providing an efficient and practical algorithm for implementation on commonly available workstation platforms.
Stability of the P-to-S energy ratio in the diffusive regime
Authors: Papanicolaou George C. , Ryzhik Leonid V. , Keller Joseph B. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We use the transport equations for elastic waves derived in Ryzhik et al. (1995) to obtain results about mode conversion that are of interest in seismology. These transport equations take into account the S-wave polarization and the P-to-S mode conversion. We also discuss the regime of deep coda waves where the diffusion approximation is valid. We show that the ratio of the P- and S-wave energy density equilibrates in a unique way that is independent of the details of the scattering. We note the relevance of this to the P/Lg energy stabilization observed in Hansen et al. (1990).
TheMD5.0 earthquake of 29 January 1995 in the Puget Lowland of western Washington: An event on the Seattle fault?
Authors: Dewberry Shawn R. , Crosson Robert S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe magnitude MD = 5.0 Robinson Point earthquake occurred on 29 January 1995 at 03:11 UTC approximately 25 km south of Seattle, Washington. We investigate the single foreshock, the mainshock, and the weak aftershock sequence using sport-period and broadband data recorded by the Pacific Northwest Seismograph Network. P-wave first motions from the mainshock indicate reverse faulting with east-west trending nodal planes. Aftershock epicenters cluster about the main-shock with aftershock hypocenters exhibiting a nearly vertical distribution, possibly an effect of depth error. The mainshock, at a depth of 19.6 km, is the deepest event in the sequence. An empirical Green's function analysis indicates that the mainshock source time function (STF) is impulsive with a 0.3- to 0.4-sec duration. A minimum stress drop of 430 bars is inferred, identifying this as a high-stress-drop event. Comparison with five other moderate-sized Pacific Northwest mainshock-aftershock sequences suggests that mainshocks with depths greater than about 18 km have few, relatively small aftershocks that are confined to small source regions.
Influence of the transition section shape on the cavitation characteristics at the bottom outlet
Authors: Lei Gang , Huang Hongbao , Fan Xiongan , Su Junan , Wang Qingxiang , Wang Xiaoliang , Peng Kai , Zhang Jianmin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The hydraulic characteristics of the lock chamber section in a bottom outlet are complex. Particularly, cavitation is a prominent problem when the flow in the tunnel transitions from pressurized to unpressurized conditions. As a countermeasure, sidewall contractions are often installed at the end of the pressurized section. In this paper, with numerical simulations and vacuum tank experiments, we analyzed the design parameters of several prototype projects and studied the flow properties and cavitation characteristics of the transition section. The four main factors that influence cavitation risks are the contraction ratio of the transition section, the top press slope, the length of the transition section, and the shape of the orifice. The study of a real-world project demonstrates that by implementing a severe constriction degree, the top press slope can be slowed down, and the pressurized transition section can be extended, thereby reducing cavitation risks and improving flow patterns. These research results provide a reference for the optimal design of hydraulic structures.
Preferences of Patients With Musculoskeletal Disorders Regarding the Timing and Channel of eHealth and Factors Influencing Its Use: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: van der Ven Jeffrey , van den Bemt Bart J F , van Dijk Liset , Opdam Merel , Haegens Lex L , Vriezekolk Johanna E , Verhoef Lise M 
Published: July 2023

Background
Implementation of eHealth is progressing slowly. In-depth insight into patients’ preferences and needs regarding eHealth might improve its use.

Objective
This study aimed to describe when patients want to use eHealth, how patients want to communicate and receive information digitally, and what factors influence the use of eHealth in clinical practice.

Methods
A multimethod study was conducted. Two meetings of ~5.5 hours with plenary information sessions and focus groups were held with 22 patients from the rheumatology, orthopedics, and rehabilitation departments of a Dutch hospital specialized in musculoskeletal disorders. Assignments were performed during the focus groups in which qualitative (eg, semistructured interview questions) and quantitative (ie, voting and ranking factors) data were collected.

Results
The way patients want to use eHealth varies between patients and moments of a patient’s care pathway. Patients’ digital channel preferences depended on the need for interaction with a health care provider (HCP). The interaction need is in turn influenced by the degree to which information or communication is specific to an individual patient and leads to consequences for the patient. The 5 most important factors influencing the use of eHealth were access to medical information (eg, electronic health records), perceived control over disease management, correctness and completeness of information, data security, and access to information or an HCP at any time. The 5 least important factors influencing eHealth use were help with using digital devices, having internet or equipment, digital skills, attitude or emotions toward eHealth, and societal benefits.

Conclusions
Patients identified opportunities for using eHealth during all moments of their care pathway. However, preferences for eHealth varied between patients and phases in the care pathway. As a consequence, eHealth should be tailored to fit individual patients’ preferences but also the need for interaction regarding different topics by offering a variety of digital channels with a gradient of interaction possibilities. Furthermore, digital skills and access to the internet might become less important to focus on in the future. Improving eHealth use by patients may be achieved by providing patients access to correct and safe (medical) information and more control over their care.
The Schrödinger Equation and the Time-Ordering Operator T of the Quantum Field Theory as Viewed in the Planck Vacuum Theory
Authors: Daywitt William C. 
Published: July 2023

This paper derives the Schrödinger equation and examines the corresponding time-ordering operator T of the quantum field theory. Results show that the equation supports a particle spin while the quantum field does not. This difference is to be expected as the quantum field result describes a field rather than a particle core. It appears that both the spin and the mass of the particle are created in the zero-point Planck vacuum (PV) oscillations of the PV state.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ARIAS TIPE JIGSAW TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPS PADA SISWA KELAS IV SDN SUSUKAN 02 KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Sitepu Melyani Sari , Wijayanti Atrianing Yessi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract : Effect of Jigsaw Type ARIAS learning model Implementation on Social Studies Learning Outcomes At Four Class Elementary School Students Susukan 02 Semarang District. The background of this research is the low of social study result at SD Negeri 02 Susukan. The goal of this research is to know the influence of Jigsaw Type ARIAS Learning Model on result of IPS study result at the fourth grade students of SD Negeri 02 Susukan. This type of research is quasi-experimental research design. Subjek in this research is 64 students , 28 students from SDN 2 Susukan for experimental class and 36 students of SDN 04 Susukan to control classes. Data collection techniques of this study was test with multiple choice type. Data analysis using t-test formula. The results showed the pretes maksimal score at control class is 33 and postes maksimal score social studies learning outcomes is 77, while pretes score maksimum at ekpseiment is 30 and posttes score maksmimum is 90. Difference in pretes and postes at eksperimen class is 13. Influences learning model implemntasi was shown by sign t-tes score is smaller than score α . (0,000 < 0,05)Keywords : Jigsaw Type ARIAS Learning Model, Social Studies Learning OutcomesAbstrak : Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran ARIAS Tipe Jigsaw Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPS Pada Siswa Kelas IV SDN Susukan 02 Kabupaten Semarang. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi rendahnya hasil belajar IPS siswa SD Negeri 02 Susukan . Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran ARIAS tipe Jigsaw terhadap hasil belajar IPS pada siswa SDN Susukan 02 Kec. Ungaran Timur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu (quasi eksperiment). Subjek berjumlah 64 siswa yang terdiri dari 28 siswa SDN Susukan 02 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan 36 siswa SDN Susukan 04 sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah tes berbentuk pilihan ganda. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukan nilai maksimal pretes di kelas kontrol 33 dan maksimum postes kelas kontrol 77 sedangkan nilai maksimum pretes di kelas eksperimen 33 dan nilai maksimum postes sebesar 90. Perbedaan antara nilai pretes dan postes untuk kelas eksperimen sebesar 13. Pengaruh penerapan model juga dapat dilihat dari nilai sig t-test lebih kecil dari α. (0,000 < 0,05). Kata Kunci : Model Pembelajaran ARIAS Tipe Jigsaw, Hasil Belajar IPS
PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI MODEL PROBLEM POSING PADA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM KELAS IV SDN 269 RANTOBI
Authors: Nasution Sukri 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT : Increasing Student Learning Activity Through Problem PosingModel In Islamic Religious Education Elementary Class IV SDN 269 Rantobi. The subjects of class IV SDN 269 Rantobi with the number of students 14 people. This research was conducted by applying Problem Posing learning model for two cycles and each cycle consisted of two meetings. By applying the learning model Problem Posing student learning outcomes from cycle to next cycle experience improvement. Student learning result of KKM is complete in formative I 9 (64,2%) student and formative II 13 (92,8%) student. The average score of students' understanding on the subject at cycle I 57.1 and in cycle II increased to 80.Keywords : Problem Posing, Learning ActivityABSTRAK : Peningkatan Aktivitas Belajar Siswa Melalui Model Problem Posing Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Kelas IV SDN 269 Rantobi. Subjek penelitian kelas IV SDN 269 Rantobi dengan jumlah siswa 14 orang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Problem Posing selama dua siklus dan masing-masing siklus terdiri dari dua kali pertemuan. Dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Problem Posing hasil belajar siswa dari siklus ke siklus berikutnya mengalami peningkatan. Hasil belajar siswa tuntas KKM pada formatif I 9 (64,2%) siswa dan formatif II 13 (92,8%) siswa. Nilai rata-rata pemahaman siswa pada materi pada siklus I 57,1 dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 80.Kata Kunci : Problem Posing, Aktivitas Belajar
PENERAPAN MODEL MAKE A MATCH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN PKN KELAS V SDN 04 KEBONGEMBONG KECAMATAN PAGERUYUNG KABUPATEN KENDAL TP 2017/ 2018
Authors: Wijayanti Anjar , Maryadi Maryadi , Wijayanti Arfilia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Application of Make a Match Model to Increase Learning Outcomes in Class VII Subjects SDN 04 Kebongembong Pageruyung District Kendal TP 2017/2018. The purpose of this study is to improve learning outcomes PKn with Make A Match learning model for grade V students SDN 04 Kebongembong Pageruyung District Kendal Regency, in the second semester of the academic year 2017/2018 (October to December 2017) this class is all students of class V SDN 04 Kebongembong Pageruyung District Kendal regency in 2017/2018, amounting to 11 students consisting of 8 men and 3 women. This research is conducted in 2 (two) cycles, each cycle 3 (three) meetings, with research procedure include: planning, observation, and reflection. Result of research indicate that there is improvement of learning result PKn Material of legislation with Learning Model Make A Match on grade V student SDN 04 Kebongembong Pageruyung District Kendal Regency Semester II year lesson 2017/2018. Keyword : PKn Learning Reult, Learning Model Make A Match Abstrak : Penerapan Model Make a Match untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar pada Mata Pelajaran PKn Kelas V SDN 04 Kebongembong Kecamatan Pageruyung Kabupaten Kendal TP 2017/2018. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar PKn dengan model pembelajaran Make A Match bagi siswa kelas V SDN 04 Kebongembong Kecamatan Pageruyung Kabupaten Kendal, pada semester II tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 (Oktober s.d. Desember 2017). Sebjek penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah semua siswa kelas V SDN 04 Kebongembong Kecamatan Pageruyung Kabupaten Kendal tahun pelajaran 2017/2018, berjumlah 11 siswa yang terdiri atas 8 laki-laki dan 3 perempuan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam 2 (dua) siklus, setiap siklus 3 (tiga) kali pertemuan, dengan prosedur penelitian meliputi: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar PKn Materi peraturan perundang undangan dengan Model Pembelajaran Make A Match pada siswa kelas V SDN 04 Kebongembong kecamatan Pageruyung Kabupaten Kendal Semester II tahun pelajaran 2017/2018. Kata Kunci : Hasil Belajar PKn, Model Pembelajaran Make A Match
PENGARUH MODEL PAIR CHECKS BERBANTU MEDIA PANBILBUL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KELAS IV SDN 5 KARANGGONDANG JEPARA
Authors: Murpratiwi Yessica 
Published: July 2023

Abstract: The Influence of Media Assisted Pair Model Panbilbul on Class IV Learning Outcomes of SDN 5 Karanggondang Jepara. This study aims to determine the effect of Media Assisted Pair Checks Model to improve mathematics learning outcomes of fourth grade students of SDN 5 Karanggondang Jepara. This type of research is quantitative research, this study uses a Pre-Experimental Design research design, One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The population in this study were all fourth grade students of SDN 5 Karanggondang Jepara academic year 2017/2018. The acquisition of the average posttest results in the fourth grade of SDN 5 Karanggondang Jepara after using the pair-assisted media Pair Checks model is better than the average score of the pretest before using the pair-assisted media Pair Checks model. Based on the tests that have been carried out using the t-test, H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, meaning the use of Pair-assisted Checks media model influences the learning outcomes of fourth grade students of SDN 5 Karanggondang Jepara. Keywords: Pair Checks Model, Mathematics, Panbilbul Abstrak: Pengaruh Model Pair Checks Berbantu Media Panbilbul terhadap Hasil Belajar Kelas IV SDN 5 Karanggondang Jepara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Model Pair Checks Berbantu Media Panbilbul untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas IV SDN 5 Karanggondang Jepara. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif, penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian Desain Pra-Eksperimental yaitu One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas IV SDN 5 Karanggondang Jepara tahun akademik 2017/2018. Perolehan nilai rata-rata hasil posttest pada kelas IV SDN 5 Karanggondang Jepara sesudah menggunakan model Pair Checks berbantu media panbilbul lebih baik dari pada nilai hasil pretest sebelum menggunakan model Pair Checks berbantu media panbilbul. Berdasarkan pengujian yang telah dilakukan menggunakan uji-t, H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima, artinya penggunaan model Pair Checks berbantu media panbilbul berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas IV SDN 5 Karanggondang Jepara. Kata Kunci : Model Pair Checks, Matematika, Panbilbul