bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Reflection on Motor Overflow, Mirror Phenomena, Synkinesia and Entrainment
Authors: Quattrone Andrea , Latorre Anna , Magrinelli Francesca , Mulroy Eoin , Rajan Roopa , Neo Ray Jen , Quattrone Aldo , Rothwell John C. , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn patients with movement disorders, voluntary movements can sometimes be accompanied by unintentional muscle contractions in other body regions. In this review, we discuss clinical and pathophysiological aspects of several motor phenomena including mirror movements, dystonic overflow, synkinesia, entrainment and mirror dystonia, focusing on their similarities and differences. These phenomena share some common clinical and pathophysiological features, which often leads to confusion in their definition. However, they differ in several aspects, such as the body part showing the undesired movement, the type of this movement (identical or not to the intentional movement), the underlying neurological condition, and the role of primary motor areas, descending pathways and inhibitory circuits involved, suggesting that these are distinct phenomena. We summarize the main features of these fascinating clinical signs aiming to improve the clinical recognition and standardize the terminology in research studies. We also suggest that the term “mirror dystonia” may be not appropriate to describe this peculiar phenomenon which may be closer to dystonic overflow rather than to the classical mirror movements.
Characterization of a diode dosimeter for UHDR FLASH radiotherapy
Authors: Rahman Mahbubur , Kozelka Jakub , Hildreth Jeff , Schönfeld Andreas , Sloop Austin M. , Ashraf M. Ramish , Bruza Petr , Gladstone David J. , Pogue Brian W. , Simon William E. , Zhang Rongxiao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundUltra‐high dose rate (UHDR) FLASH beams typically deliver dose at rates of >40 Gy/sec. Characterization of these beams with respect to dose, mean dose rate, and dose per pulse requires dosimeters which exhibit high temporal resolution and fast readout capabilities.PurposeA diode EDGE Detector with a newly designed electrometer has been characterized for use in an UHDR electron beam and demonstrated appropriateness for UHDR FLASH radiotherapy dosimetry.MethodsDose linearity, mean dose rate, and dose per pulse dependencies of the EDGE Detector were quantified and compared with dosimeters including a W1 scintillator detector, radiochromic film, and ionization chamber that were irradiated with a 10 MeV UHDR beam. The dose, dose rate, and dose per pulse were controlled via an in‐house developed scintillation‐based feedback mechanism, repetition rate of the linear accelerator, and source‐to‐surface distance, respectively. Depth‐dose profiles and temporal profiles at individual pulse resolution were compared to the film and scintillation measurements, respectively. The radiation‐induced change in response sensitivity was quantified via irradiation of ∼5kGy.ResultsThe EDGE Detector agreed with film measurements in the measured range with varying dose (up to 70 Gy), dose rate (nearly 200 Gy/s), and dose per pulse (up to 0.63 Gy/pulse) on average to within 2%, 5%, and 1%, respectively. The detector also agreed with W1 scintillation detector on average to within 2% for dose per pulse (up to 0.78 Gy/pulse). The EDGE Detector signal was proportional to ion chamber (IC) measured dose, and mean dose rate in the bremsstrahlung tail to within 0.4% and 0.2% respectively. The EDGE Detector measured percent depth dose (PDD) agreed with film to within 3% and per pulse output agreed with W1 scintillator to within −6% to +5%. The radiation‐induced response decrease was 0.4% per kGy.ConclusionsThe EDGE Detector demonstrated dose linearity, mean dose rate independence, and dose per pulse independence for UHDR electron beams. It can quantify the beam spatially, and temporally at sub millisecond resolution. It's robustness and individual pulse detectability of treatment deliveries can potentially lead to its implementation for in vivo FLASH dosimetry, and dose monitoring.
Metabolic consequences of gender‐affirming hormone therapy in transgender adult persons
Authors: Vloemans Nadia , Al‐Mrayat Ma'en 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs more individuals seek to align their physical characteristics with their gender identity, transgender health care is a growing medical field which is no longer the remit of a few selected clinicians. Gender‐affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is a mainstay treatment in gender reassignment and its medium‐ to long‐term metabolic sequelae are gradually emerging. Although hampered by the scarcity of prospective controlled studies involving large diverse cohorts, evidence suggests a potential adverse impact for at least some cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. If left unmanaged, this could manifest in a higher CVD events rate for this treatment group. Increased vigilance and awareness among health care professionals about the consequential risks of GAHT are important for proactive mitigation of this. Copyright © 2023 John Wiley & Sons.
Gender diversity, inclusive innovation and firm performance
Authors: del Mar Fuentes‐Fuentes Mª , Quintana‐García Cristina , Marchante‐Lara Macarena , Benavides‐Chicón Carlos G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study delves into intra‐organizational dimensions that might impact inclusive innovation. Based on the expectation states theory, we explore how gender diversity in management positions and on the board of directors affects inclusive innovation. Furthermore, drawing on the signaling theory, we examine the relationship between inclusive innovation and a firm's performance. Using a comprehensive panel data of European manufacturing companies for a period of 10 years, we provide evidence that gender diversity in management positions and the presence of at least one woman on the board of directors have a positive effect on inclusive innovation. Our results also reveal the economic value of such strategy, showing that inclusive innovation positively influences performance. Implications for theory and managerial practice are discussed.
States of faḍl or stating faḍl: On the value of indebtedness for Iraqi exiles in Jordan
Authors: Majeed Abdulla 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTA condition of excess characterizes Iraqi exiles' everyday life in Jordan: excesses of waiting and anticipation, bureaucratic work, and aspirations for future benevolent governance. To grapple with this excess, they have had to develop strategies that render their lives in exile more manageable. Despite being hosted as “guests” of the Hashemite monarchy—an ambitious status evoking notions of pan‐Arab solidarity and Arab traditions of hospitality—this status does not guarantee or grant them access to substantive citizenship rights. In light of this, Iraqi exiles who arrived in Jordan following the US‐led invasion of Iraq in 2003 have often found themselves dependent on potentially injurious ways to navigate their presence. One of these strategies are relations and practices of faḍl, a form of exchange governed by a foreclosure of reciprocity and necessity of public recognition. Based on ethnographic fieldwork among what I refer to as the Iraqi exilic milieu in Jordan, this article examines how, in the absence and denial of expected forms of exchange, the circulation of stately faḍl and its cooptation by ordinary people articulate new notions and practices of valuable yet nevertheless wounding citizenship.
Taxation and the Polanyian forms of integration in socialist and postsocialist Hungary
Authors: Hann Chris 
Published: May 2023

AbstractReciprocity, redistribution, and (market) exchange were the “forms of integration” put forward by Karl Polanyi as a “special tool box” to investigate relations between economy and society where the principle of price‐forming markets is not (yet) dominant. Though intended as the basis for a comparative alternative to the universalist assumptions of mainstream (neoclassical) economics, Polanyi did not make significant use of these concepts to analyze the noncapitalist societies of his day. This article investigates his Hungarian homeland, which in four decades of socialism evolved from Stalinist central planning to a mixed economy in which (re)distribution was supplemented by the expansion of market exchange, with personal taxation playing a negligible role. The constellation of (re)distribution and market has changed significantly in the postsocialist (neoliberal) era, but Scandinavian‐type societal reciprocity has remained elusive. Long after admission to the European Union, Hungarian fiscal and social policy regimes are distinctive as the market form of integration combines with low taxation and political interventions to (re)distribute resources (including transfer income from the EU) to support the formation of a national bourgeoisie. Theoretically, the perspective of the socialist Karl Polanyi is contrasted with that of the liberal institutionalist economist János Kornai.
The value of values: Sufficiency among single‐person businesses in the United States
Authors: Rivers Dawn R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAccording to the cultural consensus model of business ownership in the United States, business entities seek to grow both in organization size and in revenues. To borrow the framing used by Patrick Bigger and Morgan Robertson (2017), business firms create value for their owners and/or shareholders through growth and maximization of profit, but the underlying societal value of business growth is the foundational semiotic value of the orderly conduct of US society, which, it could be argued, flows from the moralized, economic value (Braverman, [1974] 1998) of human material well‐being. In this article, I examine nonemployer (single‐person) businesses in the context of the economic values of capitalism and the fundamental societal values underlying the capitalist values. In doing so, I ask: What is the noneconomic value contributed to the United States by its 27 million nonemployer business firms? What value does the operation of a nonemployer business firm offer to its owner? My research suggests that nonemployer business firms, through practices of sufficiency, create both economic and social value for their owners. Their foundational societal semiotic value is self‐produced, material self‐sufficiency, which flows from the almost‐mythically American values of independence, freedom, and humility.
Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives of ZnO Nanostructure Materials Towards Energy Applications
Authors: Saeed Mohsin , Marwani Hadi M. , Shahzad Umer , Asiri Abdullah M. , Rahman Mohammed M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this approach, zinc oxide (ZnO) is a multipurpose substance with remarkable characteristics such as high sensitivity, a large specific area, non‐toxicity, excellent compatibility, and a high isoelectric point, which make it attractive for discussion with some limitations. It is the most favorable possible option for the collection of nanostructures in terms of structure and their characteristics. The development of numerous ZnO nanostructure‐based electrochemical sensors and biosensors used in health diagnosis, pharmaceutical evaluation, food hygiene, and contamination of the environment monitoring is described, as well as the production of ZnO nanostructures. Nanostructured ZnO has good chemical and temperature durability as an n‐type semiconducting material, making it useful in a wide range of uses, from luminous materials to supercapacitors, batteries, solar cells, photocatalysis, biosensors, medicinal devices, and more. When compared to the bulk materials, the nanosized materials have both a higher rate of disintegration and a higher solubility. Furthermore, ZnO nanoparticles are regarded as top contenders for electrochemical sensors due to their strong electrochemical behaviors and electron transmission characteristics. The impact of many factors, including selectivity, sensitivity, detection limit, strength, and structures, arrangements, and their respective functioning processes, has been investigated. This study concentrated a substantial amount of its attention on the recent advancements that have been made in ZnO‐based nanoparticles, composites, and modified materials for use in the application areas of energy storage and conversion devices as well as biological applications. Supercapacitors, Li‐ion batteries, dye‐sensitized solar cells, photocatalysis, biosensors, medicinal, and biological systems have been studied. ZnO‐based materials are constantly analyzed for their advantages in energy and life science applications.
E-Cigarettes and the Burdens of History: Children, Bystanders and the American War on Nicotine
Authors: Bayer Ronald , Fairchild Amy L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough e-cigarettes arrived on the American market in 2006, they remained unregulated at the federal level until 2022, when the Food and Drug Administration issued an order that JUUL, which once commanded some 75 per cent of the vaping market be removed from the American market. The period between introduction of e-cigarettes and FDA regulation was marked by fierce debate as states and cities sought to fill the regulatory void. Proponents of e-cigarettes embraced a harm reduction perspective, seeing in the new products a safer albeit not safe alternative to combustible cigarettes. Yet virtually the entire American public health establishment asserted that e-cigarettes threatened the 40-year effort to bring smoking to an end. In the battles over evidence and ethics, adolescents and non-vaping bystanders, as opposed to smokers, emerged as focus of concern.
Scope for Agency
Authors: Kvalnes Øyvind 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter presents scope for agency as the fourth of five qualities that characterises well-functioning communication climates. Human agency engages with the past, responds to the present, and is directed towards the future. When individuals face situations where a verbal initiative can make a positive difference, their agency is formed by routines and scripts developed in the past and their plans, desires, and wishes for the future. Roald Nygård’s distinction between agent and pawn helps to clarify how self-understanding among group members can affect their decision-making and behaviour in critical quality moments. Scope for agency means that group members can provide constructive verbal responses to events that deviate from established routines and scripts.
Communication Ethics
Authors: Kvalnes Øyvind 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFreedom of speech and speech responsibility are the two main concepts of communication ethics. The former addresses people’s freedom to say what they want or to remain silent, while the latter concerns the responsibilities people may have for speaking up and for the consequences of saying something or remaining silent. The traditions of consequentialist ethics and duty ethics provide conflicting normative advice about how to cope with communication dilemmas, where the alternatives can be to prioritise outcomes (the good) or conduct (the right). This chapter uses examples of decisions regarding transparency or secrecy about confidential information and i-deals at work to illustrate ethical challenges and dilemmas regarding communication.
The Invisible Gorilla
Authors: Kvalnes Øyvind 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe invisible gorilla experiment demonstrates that people can be blind to aspects of a situation even when such aspects are placed well within their field of vision. Inattention blindness can be an obstacle to spotting important aspects of ongoing projects and workplace processes. People tend to see what is in front of them only if they deliberately direct their attention towards it, which means they can be blind to ethical and other questionable aspects of their work. A significant purpose of having a well-functioning communication climate is to make identifying and speaking up about invisible gorillas the norm. Newcomers in an organisation can be a phenomenal resource in spotting and drawing attention to blind spots. They see things differently because they have not yet been socialised into observing the environment in the same way as everyone else in the workplace.
Blind Spots
Authors: Kvalnes Øyvind 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Johari Window is a figure Luft and Ingham (Human Relations Training News 5:6–7, 1961) developed to stimulate self-awareness and examine social relations. It distinguishes between aspects of a person’s attitudes, behaviours, and habits known and unknown to a person and to others. The most interesting quadrant in the Johari Window from a communication climate perspective is the blind spot. There we find the aspects that are unknown to a person but known to others. The communication climate at work affects the time it takes for information to move from the blind spot into the arena, where it is known both to the person and to others. The figure can also be applied more broadly to what goes on in the workplace or in a particular project. The information about the progress and obstacles in a project should be in the arena but may be hidden away in one of the other three quadrants of the Johari Window for various reasons.
Help
Authors: Kvalnes Øyvind 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe communication climate at work is put to the test when people contemplate seeking or offering help. These can be critical quality moments. A silence mystery can occur when employees refrain from seeking help even when help is at hand and they are struggling to cope on their own. The social cost of admitting they are unable to manage on their own can lead them to keep silent. They take pride in being independent of others, and they are reluctant to admit their limitations. The reasons people remain bystanders and do not offer help when they witness colleagues who clearly need it can also be a silence mystery. Breaking the silence in both domains can mobilise positive behaviours of helping and supporting others that in turn influence the helping and supporting behaviours of others.
Tolerance for False Alarms
Authors: Kvalnes Øyvind 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter introduces the second of five qualities inherent in well-functioning and productive communication climates: tolerance for false alarms. It draws a distinction between active and passive speech mistakes, or between saying something that should have remained unsaid and refraining from saying something that should have been said. In organisations, fear of sounding a false alarm can cause people to remain silent in situations where voicing a concern could make a positive difference. A tolerance for false alarms at work can create a platform for constructive initiatives in critical quality moments.
Psychological Safety
Authors: Kvalnes Øyvind 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResearch on organisational life widely uses the concept of psychological safety to describe the circumstances under which people sense they can take interpersonal risks and challenge assumptions and beliefs in the group to which they belong. Here, I introduce it to describe one of the five qualities found in well-functioning communication climates. High levels of psychological safety indicate that people can express their disagreement with other group members without fear of repercussions. Individuals may have different perceptions of the psychological safety in the group, and some group members may act and speak in ways that weaken other members’ safety.
Einleitung
Authors: Becker-Hingst Nadine 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Jahr 2004 veröffentlichte Morley im Journal of Gerontology eine Auflistung von Erkrankungen, die im Bereich der Gerontopsychiatrie und -psychotherapie für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Praxis in den kommenden Jahren eine relevante Rolle spielen sollten. Das Krankheitsbild der Depression nahm, nach den dementiellen Erkrankungen, Platz 2 ein. Die Relevanz und das Interesse an dem Thema sind berechtigt.
Maturation of trauma systems in Europe
Authors: Scharringa Samantha , Dijkink Suzan , Krijnen Pieta , Schipper Inger B. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To provide an overview of trauma system maturation in Europe.

Methods
Maturation was assessed using a self-evaluation survey on prehospital care, facility-based trauma care, education/training, and quality assurance (scoring range 3–9 for each topic), and key infrastructure elements (scoring range 7–14) that was sent to 117 surgeons involved in trauma, orthopedics, and emergency surgery, from 24 European countries. Average scores per topic were summed to create a total score on a scale from 19 to 50 per country. Scores were compared between countries and between geographical regions, and correlations between scores on different sections were assessed.

Results
The response rate was 95%. On the scale ranging from 19 to 50, the mean (SD, range) European trauma system maturity score was 38.5 (5.6, 28.2–48.0). Prehospital care had the highest mean score of 8.2 (0.5, 6.9–9.0); quality assurance scored the lowest 5.9 (1.7, 3.2–8.5). Facility-based trauma care was valued 6.9 (1.4, 4.1–9.0), education and training 7.0 (1.2, 5.2–9.0), and key infrastructure elements 10.3 (1.6, 7.6–13.5). All aspects of trauma care maturation were strongly correlated (r > 0.6) except prehospital care. End scores of Northern countries scored significantly better than Southern countries (p = 0.03).

Conclusion
The level of development of trauma care systems in Europe varies greatly. Substantial improvements in trauma systems in several European countries are still to be made, especially regarding quality assurance and key infrastructure elements, such as implementation of a lead agency to oversee the trauma system, and funding for growth, innovation and research.
Sublinear scalarizations for proper and approximate proper efficient points in nonconvex vector optimization
Authors: García-Castaño Fernando , Melguizo-Padial Miguel Ángel , Parzanese G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe show that under a separation property, a $${{{\mathcal {Q}}}}$$
Q
-minimal point in a normed space is the minimum of a given sublinear function. This fact provides sufficient conditions, via scalarization, for nine types of proper efficient points; establishing a characterization in the particular case of Benson proper efficient points. We also obtain necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of scalarization for approximate Benson and Henig proper efficient points. The separation property we handle is a variation of another known property and our scalarization results do not require convexity or boundedness assumptions.
Transverse Domain Walls in Thin Ferromagnetic Strips
Authors: Morini M. , Muratov C. B. , Novaga M. , Slastikov V. V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe present a characterization of the domain wall solutions arising as minimizers of an energy functional obtained in a suitable asymptotic regime of the micromagnetics for infinitely long thin film ferromagnetic strips in which the magnetization is forced to lie in the film plane. For the considered energy, we provide the existence, uniqueness, monotonicity, and symmetry of the magnetization profiles in the form of 180 $$^\circ $$

∘

and 360 $$^\circ $$

∘

walls. We also demonstrate how this energy arises as a $$\Gamma $$
Γ
-limit of the reduced two-dimensional thin film micromagnetic energy that captures the non-local effects associated with the stray field, and characterize its respective energy minimizers.