bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Case for the Ex-Post Valuation of Damages Under International Investment Law
Authors: Ziegler Pacôme , Gallorini Cristian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article addresses the question of the date of valuation and whether and how post-breach developments and information can and should be taken into account under international investment law. We will first show that, contrary to the claim that is sometimes made in arbitral practice and commentaries, tribunals approach these issues in four different ways. We will then critically analyse each one of these approaches. Our conclusion will be that, for unlawful expropriations and other international wrongs, the best approach is the one whereby damages are valued as at the date of the award or a proxy date for it and based on the information available at that time, provided it is sufficiently reliable. We will notably explain how this conclusion tallies with the Permanent Court of International Justice’s judgment in Factory at Chorzów, considered by many the cornerstone of the international investment law of damages.
The Legal Status of Muslim Women in Turkestan: on the Divorce Process (Late 19th-Early 20th Centuries)
Authors: Shadmanova Sanobar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to study the legal status of Turkestan’s Muslim women before, during, and after the transition to Russian Imperial rule. In particular, it will analyze changes to the rights of women in the divorce process and in widowhood over this period. Through examination of various cases concerning family practices among sedentary and nomadic people over time, the author argues that Muslim women retained financial and other rights in divorce proceedings typical of the pre-Imperial period, and extending into the period of Imperial rule. This article further argues that Muslim women had the continuing right to demand a divorce if their husbands would not comply with the terms of their marriage contracts. Also, Muslim women could claim financial support from their husbands after divorce in the period of the Russian empire as in the period of the Central Asian khanates.
The Role of the Russian Political Agency in Diplomatic Relations between the Emirate of Bukhara and the Russian Empire
Authors: Oybek Klichev 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The article analyzes the foundation of the Russian Imperial Political Agency (Politicheskoe agentstvo) in the Emirate of Bukhara, and initial activities in diplomatic relations between the Russian Empire and the Emirate. Based on existing correspondence between the chancellery of the qushbegi and the Agency, the structure and growth of the latter agency is analyzed. The diplomatic character of this correspondence is revealed through an in-depth study of the works of the chancellery, archives, and staff. The timeframe of the article starts from November 12, 1885 when the Russian State Council passed a decision on the establishment of the “Political Agency of the Russian Emperor in Bukhara”. This lasted until March 17, 1917.
The Russian Colonial Economy in Central Asia
Authors: Pasilov Bakhodir 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The article addresses selected problems of the colonial economy in Central Asia which appeared following the Russian conquest of this region. The basis of this economy was the cultivation of a new, American cotton variety across the region and the subsequent development of cotton growing on an industrial scale. As a result of the large-scale introduction of this agricultural-technical culture, significant changes occurred in the structure of the region’s economy. One negative consequence of this transition to a colonial economy was the demise of the manufacture of finished products that had been common prior to Russian conquest of the region. This development reconfigured trade relations of the Bukhara Emirate, Khiva, and Kokand Khanates (Turkestan) with Russia, as following colonization the bulk of cotton exports to Russia was made up of raw materials, primarily cotton and cotton fiber.
Cotton also played an important role in the regional geopolitics of Russia, particularly with regard to Afghanistan. Accordingly, it was more important for Russia to expand Afghanistan’s cotton production than to be dependent on cotton supplied from the United States.
Railways became important elements of the colonial economy by providing a vital connection between urban centers and rural agricultural areas. This not only accelerated the delivery of raw materials, primarily cotton, to Russian industrial-textile centers, but also significantly reduced the delivery costs of goods. However, the unilateral development of this regional colonial economy ultimately aggravated social conditions among local populations. After the establishment of Soviet control in Central Asia, the agricultural policy of the Tsarist government became the prototype for the Bolsheviks in defining this region’s economic role in the Soviet economic system.
Political Organizations of Russian Turkestan at the Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors: Rovshan Abdullaev 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The article highlights the most important aspects of the political history of Russian Turkestan at the beginning of the 20th century. It deals with the formation of a multi-party system in the Russian Empire and the activities of the first national political organizations in the Central Asian region. The author reveals the underpinnings of a national movement taking place under the colonial regime. The article analyzes the main provisions of the political programs of all-Russian parties and national organizations, such as Shuroi-Islomiya, Alash, Shuroi-Ulamo, Turk Adami Markaziyat Firkasi (Party of Turkic Federalists), and others. Sections examine the origins of the ideological confrontation between progressive Jadids and Muslim traditionalists, and provide a brief history of the formation, and ensuing liquidation, of Turkestan as an autonomous entity. Despite the existence of ideological differences in the national movement, the author uncovers how many representatives of national political organizations were devoted to the idea of independence and sought a way out of cultural isolationism.
Linee di conflitto, economia politica e stratificazione sociale nel Kurdistan iracheno
Authors: Degli Esposti Nicola , Tinti Alessandro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The article follows the history of Iraqi Kurdistan from the achievement of regional autonomy in 1991 to the most recent protest movements, tracing the origin of a neo-patrimonial system tied to the dynastic power of the two ruling parties and outlining its current crisis. The authors analyze the popular protests that have inflamed the region since 2015 within the processes of institutional formation, social stratification, and economic transformation of the Iraqi-Kurdish region. By questioning the dominant scholarly approach, which tends to present the Kurds exclusively in ethno-national terms, the authors propose an original sociological reading with the aim of shedding light on the complexity of the social and political conflicts running through Kurdish society.
Bodily Articulation through K-pop in Latin America. Audiovisual Narratives, Aesthetics, and Creative Reproduction
Authors: Koeltzsch Grit Kirstin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
K-pop cover dance is one of the key activities within Hayllu culture in Latin America. This paper examines the video performances of the ten finalist groups of the ‘Cover Dance bts’ contest, a K-pop dance competition performing the choreographies of exclusively bts songs, which was organized in 2021 by the Korean Cultural Center (Buenos Aires) for participants from Latin American countries. The research focuses on the corporal expressions in the videos that go beyond a mere reproduction of movements behind a camera, including aesthetic-creative qualities, and considers dance performances as a multisensory articulation, which are also socio-cultural narratives, and I interpret as urban corpographies. To achieve a broader understanding, I apply a specific methodology as I engage the videos based on a multi-sensory and embodied analysis, arguing that the meaning of dance goes beyond mere visual aspects.
Music in Digital Media: a Study with Brazilian Youth on Global Consumption
Authors: Riegel Viviane , Pellerano Joana A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
One of the spheres of transnational consumption of young Brazilians today is the consumption of music in digital media, mainly in different audiovisual formats. Music, which is the main cultural product consumed by young people everyday, is listened to and watched, with different software, apps and devices, mainly through the use of smartphones. In this digital relationship with music, young individuals present different forms of consumption, both in relation to formats – listening only to music, watching a video clip, watching a video with a performance related to the song, recording videos using the song as background or as content – as well as in relation to frequency/speed – in the variety of formats used for consumption, in the edition of songs to micro formats. Based on these perspectives, we present a study developed with Brazilian youth that sought to understand music consumption, analyzing quantity, frequency and diversity, through the application of a questionnaire (N=450), three focus groups (N=24) and an interactive game technique developed by the research team (N=180). Music consumption by Brazilian youth is omnivorous, due to the different musical genres, from different parts of the world, and in different formats, elements that go beyond the idea of transnational taste. It is also the cultural product that is mostly connected to local culture, with local influencers, which show a strong relation to popular culture and also draw possibilities of interaction of local culture with global elements. Voracity is one key element that explains the audiovisual consumption of music by Brazilian youth, in a combination of playlists and videos suggested by algorithms that form an almost endless quantity of references, which are both desired by individuals and recommended by global or local cultural influencers.
Westernization of Musical Culture and Cultural Stratification in Northeast India: Role of Western Music on the Consumption of Music among Youth
Authors: Laskar Mahmudul Hasan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The musical culture in Northeast India is assimilated to Western music. The influence of Western music in the Northeast is more than in any other region of India. Folk music, regional film music, and Indian film music are developed as popular culture. The study revealed that Western music genres like rock, rap, and pop are integral to Northeast India’s music culture. In line with global music culture, rock bands in Northeast India are in operation that molded the music culture. Youths, particularly students, are ardent followers of Western music culture and developed a youth sub-culture. But a unique phenomenon also occurred, e. g. cultural stratification among sections of youths. The study revealed that the tribal youths are more attached to Western music than their non-tribal counterpart. It is highlighted that rural youths are more attached to regional and Indian film music, but urban youths prefer Western music.
Prevalence and correlates of child maltreatment among mothers in the Kurdistan province, Western Iran
Authors: Khazaei Sahel , Salehi Alireza , Molavi Vardanjani Hossein 
Published: March 2023

Objective Parental child maltreatment is a serious public health issue worldwide. As mothers take on a significant proportion of parenting duties in two-parent families, knowledge of maternal risk factors for child maltreatment is essential. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 135 mothers with their last child under 18 years in Kurdistan province were enrolled. A validated Persian version of the ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool-Parent version, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory were administered. Results The prevalence of severe and moderate physical punishment was 78.5% and 71.9%, respectively. Psychological punishment was reported by 99.3% of respondents, and 48.9% reported neglect. A relationship was found between child physical and emotional abuse and low maternal education ( p < 0.01), domestic violence ( p = 0.02), maternal exposure to maltreatment during childhood ( p = 0.03), maternal depression ( p < 0.01), and maternal anxiety ( p < 0.01). A relationship was also found between child neglect and residence in rural areas ( p < 0.01), domestic violence, and low maternal education ( p = 0.02). Conclusion Maternal child maltreatment in Iran is increased in mothers with psychological disorders and those with certain demographic characteristics. Clinicians should be alert to these potential risk factors.
Boreas: A multi-season autonomous driving dataset
Authors: Burnett Keenan , Yoon David J , Wu Yuchen , Li Andrew Z , Zhang Haowei , Lu Shichen , Qian Jingxing , Tseng Wei-Kang , Lambert Andrew , Leung Keith YK , Schoellig Angela P , Barfoot Timothy D 
Published: March 2023

The Boreas dataset was collected by driving a repeated route over the course of 1 year, resulting in stark seasonal variations and adverse weather conditions such as rain and falling snow. In total, the Boreas dataset includes over 350 km of driving data featuring a 128-channel Velodyne Alpha-Prime lidar, a 360° Navtech CIR304-H scanning radar, a 5MP FLIR Blackfly S camera, and centimetre-accurate post-processed ground truth poses. Our dataset will support live leaderboards for odometry, metric localization, and 3D object detection. The dataset and development kit are available at boreas.utias.utoronto.ca.
Efficient generation of random fiber distributions in fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Kou Guangjie , Feng Shuaixing , Zhang Wei , Chen Jiawei , Xiao Junling , Cai Hui , Yang Zhengwei 
Published: March 2023

This paper proposes a new algorithm to generate representative volume elements (RVEs) with random fiber distribution in fiber reinforced composites (FRC). The proposed algorithm is straightforward and easy to implement based on judging the maximum and minimum distances between a new fiber and existing fibers. The generation results demonstrate that the maximum fiber volume fraction gradually increases and oscillates violently before reaching 78.54% as the fiber radius rises. Moreover, with the increase of RVE size, the maximum fiber volume fraction changes gently when the fiber radius does not exceed 6.5 μm, but it changes dramatically at other fiber radii. Then, the fiber distributions of the generated RVEs are evaluated using the nearest neighbor distance, Ripley’s K function, and pair distribution function. The evaluation results indicate that the fiber distributions present randomness. Lastly, the effective elastic properties of the Carbon/Epoxy unidirectional FRC are predicted using the RVEs generated by the proposed algorithm, the RVEs generated by regularization, and the Mori–Tanaka method. It is found that the prediction using the RVEs generated by the proposed algorithm is more accurate than the regularization, compared with the Mori–Tanaka and experiment results. The proposed algorithm contributes to microstructure modeling in computational micromechanics.
Framing doctor-managers’ resilience during Covid-19 pandemic: A descriptive analysis from the Italian NHS
Authors: Leonelli Simona , Morandi Federica , Giancipoli Romina G , Di Vincenzo Fausto , Calcagni Maria L 
Published: March 2023

With the aim of providing evidence about doctor-managers’ resilience during the Covid-19 pandemic, this study analyzes the characteristics of 114 doctor-managers operating within the Italian National Health Service (NHS). During the emergency, doctor-managers had to show adaptive capacities to deal with unexpected situations and develop new paradigms, procedures, and quick responses to patients’ needs. This is in line with resilience, and in this perspective, it is crucial to investigate resilience determinants. The paper, therefore, provides an identikit of the resilient doctor-manager. The research was conducted between November and December 2020. Primary data were collected through an online questionnaire consisting of six sections. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. Data were analyzed using quantitative techniques and employing Stata 16. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was employed to test construct validity and scale reliability. Results show that increasing levels of individual resilience are related to increasing levels of managerial identity. Moreover, physicians’ individual resilience has a positive association with commitment, knowledge diffusion, and Evidence-Based Medicine adoption. Finally, physicians’ individual resilience has a negative association with their role in the university, their specialty, and their gender. The study suggests some practical implications for healtcare organizations. In general, career paths are decided primarily on competency assessment, while an important role should be devoted to behavioral characteristics. Furthermore, organizations should take care of the levels of individual commitment and encourage professional networking because both help doctor-managers cope with uncertainty. The originality of the study relies on a fresh look at all previous work. There are currently few contributions in the literature to explore and investigate resilience elements in doctor-managers during the pandemic era.
Genistein attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury via ADORA2A pathway
Authors: He HY , Shan HZ , Li SQ , Diao RG 
Published: March 2023

Background Studies have shown oxidative stress and apoptosis are the main pathogenic mechanisms of renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury (IRI). Genistein, a polyphenolic non-steroidal compound, has been extensively explored in oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Our research aims to reveal the potential role of genistein on renal IRI and its potential molecular mechanism both in vivo and in vitro. Methods In vivo experiments, mice were pretreated with or without genistein. Renal pathological changes and function, cell proliferation, oxidative stress and apoptosis were measured. In vitro experiments, overexpression of ADORA2A and knockout of ADORA2A cells were constructed. Cells proliferation, oxidative stress and apoptosis were analyzed. Results Our results in vivo showed that the renal damage induced by IR was ameliorated by genistein pretreatment. Moreover, ADORA2A was activated by genistein, along with inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis. The results in vitro showed that genistein pretreatment and ADORA2A overexpression reversed the increase of apoptosis and oxidative stress in NRK-52E cells induced by H/R, while the knockdown of ADORA2A partially weakened this reversal from genistein treatment. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that genistein have a protective effect against renal IRI by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis via activating ADORA2A, presenting its potential use for the treatment of renal IRI.
Efficacy of skin preparation solutions in patients with total knee replacement: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cho Myung-Rae , Choi Won-Kee , Che Sug-Hun , Song Suk-Kyoon 
Published: March 2023

Purpose Surgical site infection following total knee replacement is considered as one of the most severe postoperative complications. The presence of bacteria at the surgical site is the most important risk factor and therefore it is essential to prevent infection through appropriate preoperative skin preparation. The purpose of this study was to examine the presence and type of native bacteria on the incision site and to assess which skin preparation is most effective to sterilize those native bacteria. Methods Scrub-and-paint 2 step method was used for standard preoperative skin preparation. 150 patients who underwent total knee replacement were grouped into 3 groups- Group 1 (povidone-iodine scrub-and-paint), Group 2 (chlorhexidine gluconate paint after povidone-iodine scrub), and Group 3 (povidone-iodine paint after chlorhexidine gluconate scrub). 150 specimens of post-preparation swabs were obtained and cultured. To analyze the native bacteria at the total knee replacement incision site, 88 additional swaps were performed before skin preparation and cultured. Results The positive rate of bacterial culture after skin preparation was 5.3% (8/150). Positive rates of the groups were 12% (6/50) in group 1, 2% (1/50) in group, 2 and 2% (1/50) in group 3 and positive rates of bacterial culture after skin preparation in group 2 and group 3 were lower than in group 1 ( p = 0.037). Among the 55 patients who had positive bacterial culture prior to skin preparation, 26.7% (4/15) in group 1, 5.6% (1/18) in group 2, and 4.5% (1/22) in group 3 were positive. Group 1 showed 7.64 times higher positive bacterial culture rate after skin preparation than group 3 ( p = 0.084) Conclusion During skin preparation prior to total knee replacement surgery, chlorhexidine gluconate paint after povidone-iodine scrub or povidone-iodine paint after chlorhexidine gluconate scrub had a superior effect on sterilizing native bacteria compared to povidone-iodine scrub-and-paint method.
Decent Work, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Posttraumatic Growth From the Psychology of Working Perspective: A Three-Wave Study of Military Personnel
Authors: Seol Jeong Hoon , Sohn Young Woo , Yoo Minjun , Park Yonguk 
Published: March 2023

Scholarly interest in the relationship between decent work and mental health based on the Psychology of Working Theory has recently increased. This study evaluated the indirect effects of survival, social contribution, and self-determination needs satisfaction on the relationship between decent work and trauma-related mental health among military personnel. We conducted a three-wave survey over 1 year. Results showed that decent work predicted satisfaction of the three basic needs. Additionally, survival needs directly predicted posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, while social contribution and self-determination needs directly predicted posttraumatic growth. Finally, decent work had a significant indirect effect on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms via survival needs, whereas decent work had significant indirect effects on posttraumatic growth via social contribution and self-determination needs. Our findings suggest that the more military personnel perceive their work as decent and feel that their three basic needs are fulfilled, the more posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms diminish, and posttraumatic growth increases. We discuss the implications and need for follow-up studies.