bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dead or alive: Distinguishing active from passive particles using supervised learning
(a)
Authors: Janzen Giulia , Smeets Xander L. J. A. , Debets Vincent E. , Luo Chengjie , Storm Cornelis , Janssen Liesbeth M. C. , Ciarella Simone 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A longstanding open question in the field of dense disordered matter is how precisely structure and dynamics are related to each other. With the advent of machine learning, it has become possible to agnostically predict the dynamic propensity of a particle in a dense liquid based on its local structural environment. Thus far, however, these machine-learning studies have focused almost exclusively on simple liquids composed of passive particles. Here we consider a mixture of both passive and active (i.e., self-propelled) Brownian particles, with the aim to identify the active particles from minimal local structural information. We compare a state-of-the-art machine learning approach for passive systems with a new method we develop based on Voronoi tessellation. Both methods accurately identify the active particles based on their structural properties at high activity and low concentrations of active particles. Our Voronoi method is, however, substantially faster to train and deploy because it requires fewer, and easy to compute, input features. Notably, both become ineffective when the activity is low, suggesting a fundamentally different structural signature for dynamic propensity and non-equilibrium activity. Ultimately, these efforts might also find relevance in the context of biological active glasses such as confluent cell layers, where subtle changes in the microstructure can hint at pathological changes in cell dynamics.
Demographic, Healthcare Access, and Dietary Factors Associated With Thyroid Hormone Treatments for Hypothyroidism
Authors: Ettleson Matthew D , Ibarra Sabrina , Wan Wen , Peterson Sarah , Laiteerapong Neda , Bianco Antonio C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Context
Clinical guidelines have recommended a trial of liothyronine (LT3) with levothyroxine (LT4) in select patients with hypothyroidism. However, little is known about the real-world use of LT3 and desiccated thyroid extract (DTE) and the characteristics of patients treated with LT3 and DTE.

Objectives
(1) Determine national trends of new LT4, LT3, and DTE prescriptions in the United States; (2) determine whether sociodemographic, healthcare access, and dietary factors are associated with different thyroid hormone (TH) therapies.

Methods
Parallel cross-sectional studies were conducted using 2 datasets: (1) a national patient claims dataset (2010-2020) and (2) the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) dataset (1999-2016). Included participants had a diagnosis of primary or subclinical hypothyroidism. Study outcomes included the impact of demographics and healthcare access on differences in the proportion of TH therapies consisting of LT4, LT3, and DTE (patient claims) and differences in dietary behaviors between DTE-treated participants and LT4-treated matched controls (NHANES).

Results
On an average annual basis, 47 711 adults received at least 1 new TH prescription, with 88.3% receiving LT4 monotherapy, 2.0% receiving LT3 therapy, and 9.4% receiving DTE therapy. The proportion receiving DTE therapy increased from 5.4% in 2010 to 10.2% in 2020. In the analysis between states, high primary care and endocrinology physician densities were associated with increased use of LT4 monotherapy (odds ratio 2.51, P &lt; .001 and odds ratio 2.71, P &lt; .001). DTE-treated NHANES participants (n = 73) consumed more dietary supplements compared to LT4-treated participants (n = 146) (4.7 vs 2.1, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
The proportion of new TH therapies containing DTE for hypothyroidism doubled since 2010 while LT3 therapies remained stable. DTE treatment was associated with decreased physician density and increased dietary supplement use.
Does Internal Migration Contribute to the Intergenerational Transmission of Socioeconomic Inequalities? The Role of Childhood Migration
Authors: Bernard Aude 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe widening of socioeconomic inequalities in most developed countries makes it essential to improve understanding of the mechanisms underpinning social reproduction—that is, the transmission of advantage and disadvantage between generations. This article proposes that internal migration plays a role in transmitting socioeconomic inequalities. Theoretically, the article formulates a conceptual framework building on three lines of inquiry: (1) the intergenerational transmission of internal migration behavior, (2) the role of internal migration in social mobility, and (3) the educational selectivity of internal migration. Empirically, the article quantifies the links between long-distance internal migration and social reproduction in 15 European countries by using a structural equation model on retrospective life history data. The results show that children from higher socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to migrate, increasing their chances of migrating in adulthood, which is associated with higher socioeconomic status later in life. In addition, advantaged children are more likely to migrate to urban centers with their greater educational and employment opportunities. These results illuminate the socioeconomic impact of internal migration across generations, highlight the importance of conceptualizing internal migration as a life course trajectory, and emphasize the lifelong legacy of childhood migration.
Challenges in the application of the Tshivenda scientific register for physical sciences classrooms
Authors: Netshivhumbe Ndivhuwo P , Mudau Awelani V. 
Published: June 2023

Background: This paper investigated some of the challenges in the application of Tshivenda scientific register (TSR) during classroom practices of some physical sciences teachers in some of the public secondary schools in the Vhembe West District, South Africa. Methods: It was an interpretative qualitative case study wherein three physical sciences teachers and 40 learners took part in the study. The study conducted at schools of Vhuronga 2 circuit in Vhembe West District between January 2022 to November 2022. Interviews and classroom observations were used for data collections. Researchers analyzed their data through Data Analysis Scheme (DAS) which comprised of themes, categories, and characteristics in this qualitative study. Texts that belong to a particular theme were highlighted using same colour and track changes was also used to codify categories and characteristics of a theme. Results: The research findings had shown numerous challenges in the teaching and learning of physical sciences including teachers and learners not used to physical sciences being taught and learnt through TSR, not familiar with some scientific words in TSR, difficulties in understanding scientific term in TSR as well as absence of Tshivenda physical sciences resources beside TSR. Consequently, this has impacts on teacher and learner’s ability to implement TSR in the teaching and learning of Physical Sciences. Moreover, the findings also show that teachers and learners participated in the study sometimes switch from Tshivenda Scientific words to English Scientific words during Physical Sciences lessons. Conclusions: Therefore, it is suggested that the above-mentioned challenges in the development and application of TSR for Physical Sciences teaching need to be addressed so that teachers can teach learners Physical Sciences through language they know best. Hence, physical sciences teachers must be developed, trained, and furnished with essential language skills for them to develop Tshivenda scientific language registers on other sciences topics.
Determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding in children under 59 months' old in northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Meikena Henok Kumsa , Yimer Nigus Bililign , Liben Misgan Legesse 
Published: June 2023

Background/Aims Early initiation of breastfeeding takes place within the first hour of life and has maternal and fetal benefits. Despite this, late initiation is prevalent in Ethiopia. This study's aim was to investigate early initiation of breastfeeding and its associated factors in children under 59 months' old in north Wollo, Ethiopia. Methods This institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December 2020 in the north Wollo zone. A total of 385 women who had a child aged 0–59 months and attended selected health institutions (one hospital and nine health centres) were included in the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Results Overall, 58.2% of women began breastfeeding within the recommended timeframe. Number of antenatal care visits, mode and place of birth and radio use were significantly associated with early initiation of breastfeeding. Conclusions Despite the crucial benefits of early initiation of breastfeeding for mothers and neonates, the prevalence of early initiation in the study area was below recommended levels. Therefore, the authors recommend that health professionals inform mothers to start breastfeeding as early as possible, particularly after a caesarean section. Early initiation should be promoted to all women during the antepartum and intrapartum periods. Understanding the in-depth causes of delayed breastfeeding initiation requires further study.
Hybrid amplifier placement in mesh DWDM networks using integer linear programming models
Authors: Pedro João , Costa Nelson 
Published: June 2023

Hybrid erbium-doped fiber (EDF)/Raman amplifiers (HFAs) can be utilized to improve the performance of specific fiber spans in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) networks, aiming to extend the reach and/or increase the capacity of optical channels, thereby reducing the total number of line interfaces required to satisfy a given set of traffic demands. However, HFAs are costlier than simpler EDF amplifiers (EDFAs) since they include Raman pumps in addition to an EDFA. Consequently, it is paramount to place them only at selected fiber spans of the network so as to maximize their impact while keeping their number limited. It has been shown that HFA placement can be a complex task in mesh DWDM networks in view of optical channel diversity, with each fiber span traversed by multiple channels with different source and destination nodes. Building on the approximation that noise adds up incoherently along the transmission path, this paper proposes optimal methods to solve the problem of placing hybrid amplifiers in mesh networks. Particularly, it describes two integer linear programming models, one to determine the minimum number and location of HFAs required to reach a target set of feasible optical channels (i.e., without intermediate 3R regenerators) and another to maximize the number of feasible optical channels given a limited number of HFAs to be deployed. A comprehensive set of network simulations using three reference optical network topologies is reported, providing insight into the effectiveness of the proposed models when compared to existing approaches.
Illicit COVID-19 products online: A mixed-method approach for identifying and preventing online health risks
Authors: Catalani Valeria , Townshend Honor D. , Prilutskaya Mariya , Chilcott Robert P. , Metastasio Antonio , Banayoti Hani , McSweeney Tim , Corazza Ornella 
Published: June 2023

Aims
The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a demand for vaccines, cures, and the need of related documentation for travel, work and other purposes. Our project aimed to identify the illicit availability of such products across the Dark Web Markets (DWMs).

Methods
A retrospective search for COVID-19 related products was carried out across 118 DWMs since the start of the pandemic (March 2020-October 2021). Data on vendors as well as advertised goods such as asking price, marketplace, listed date were collected and further validated through additional searches on the open web to verify the information relating to specific marketplaces. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used for data analysis.

Results
Forty-two listings of unlicenced COVID-19 cures and vaccination certificates were identified across 8 marketplaces sold by 25 vendors with significant variation in prices. The listings were found to be geographically specific and followed the progression of the pandemic in terms of availability. Correlations between vendor portfolios of COVID-19 products and variety of goods of other illicit nature such as illegal weaponry, medication/drugs of abuse also emerged from our analysis.

Conclusion
This study is one of the first attempts to identify the availability of unlicenced COVID-19 products on DWMs. The easy accessibility to vaccines, fake test certificates and hypothetical/illegal cures poses serious health risks to (potential) buyers due to the uncontrolled nature of such products. It also exposes buyers to an unwanted contact with vendors selling a variety of other dangerous illicit goods. Further monitoring and regulatory responses should be implemented to protect the health and safety of citizens especially at times of global crisis.
Changes in hospitalizations and emergency department respiratory viral diagnosis trends before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Habbous Steven , Hota Susy , Allen Vanessa G. , Henry Michele , Hellsten Erik 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionPopulation-level surveillance systems have demonstrated reduced transmission of non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we examined whether this reduction translated to reduced hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) visits associated with influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus, human parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus/enterovirus, and common cold coronavirus in Ontario.MethodsHospital admissions were identified from the Discharge Abstract Database and exclude elective surgical admissions and non-emergency medical admissions (January 2017-March 2022). Emergency department (ED) visits were identified from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System. International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes were used to classify hospital visits by virus type (January 2017-May 2022).ResultsAt the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitalizations for all viruses were reduced to near-trough levels. Hospitalizations and ED visits for influenza (9,127/year and 23,061/year, respectively) were nearly absent throughout the pandemic (two influenza seasons; April 2020-March 2022). Hospitalizations and ED visits for RSV (3,765/year and 736/year, respectively) were absent for the first RSV season during the pandemic, but returned for the 2021/2022 season. This resurgence of hospitalizations for RSV occurred earlier in the season than expected, was more likely among younger infants (age ≤6 months), more likely among older children (aged 6.1–24 months), and less likely to comprise of patients residing in higher areas of ethnic diversity (p<0.0001).ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a reduced the burden of other respiratory infections on patients and hospitals. The epidemiology of respiratory viruses in the 2022/23 season remains to be seen.
«La Enciclopedia Escolar Argentina. Periódico quincenal de educación» (1879‒1881)
Authors: López García María 
Published: June 2023

El artículo, enmarcado en el enfoque glotopolítico, estudia las condiciones histórico‒políticas de surgimiento de la revista infantil «La Enciclopedia Escolar Argentina», publicada en Buenos Aires entre 1879 y 1881. Busca demostrar que la publicación puede entenderse como parte de un programa de gestión de un modelo educativo para la Nación que su director, Adolfo van Gelderen, también implementó desde el ejercicio administrativo y legislativo.
Las hipótesis de base son, por un lado, que las lecciones publicadas en «La Enciclopedia» (entre ellas, las de gramática) operan como estrategia para generar representaciones en favor de imponer un curriculum escolar moderno. Por otro, que la pauta lingüística expresada en las lecciones de gramática no respondía tanto a razones de soberanía lingüística como al sostenimiento de la red de gestores de la política educativa nacional de la que van Gelderen participaba. Para demostrarlo, en primer lugar, el artículo presta atención a algunos agentes centrales de la política del período, como Domingo Sarmiento o los hermanos Estrada, quienes tienen incidencia directa en gestión de «La Enciclopedia». Luego analiza las condiciones materiales y genéricas de publicación a través de las cuales se advierten las pujas por la instalación de una pauta educativa nacional.
Review on adherence of the literature to official recommendations on albuminuria harmonization and standardization
Authors: Mussap Michele , Sortino Morena , Monteverde Elena , Tomaiuolo Rossella , Banfi Giuseppe , Locatelli Massimo , Carobene Anna 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Albuminuria standardization is a key issue to produce reliable and equivalent results between laboratories. We investigated whether official recommendations on albuminuria harmonization are followed in the literature. The PubMed database was searched from June 1 to September 26, 2021. The search terms included urine albumin, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR), and albuminuria. A total of 159 articles were considered eligible; 50.9 % reported the type of urine collection. Specifically, 58.1 % collected a random spot urine specimen, 21 % collected a first morning void, and 6.2 % collected a 24-h specimen. Overall, 15 % of articles reported data on sample shipping, storage, and centrifugation and 13.3 % mentioned the preanalytical phase without any data on albuminuria. The method for albuminuria was properly described in 31.4 % of articles; of these, 54.9 % used immunological methods, and 8.9 % contained errors or missing data. Most articles (76.7 %) expressed test results as albuminuria-to-creatininuria ratio. Different decision levels were utilized in 130 articles; of these, 36 % used a decision level of ≤30 mg/g creatininuria and 23.7 % used three decision levels (≤30, 30–300, and ≥300 mg/g). The failure to follow guidelines on albuminuria harmonization was mainly found in the preanalytical phase. The poor awareness of the importance of preanalytical steps on test result may be a possible explanation.
Quality standards and internal quality control practices in medical laboratories: an IFCC global survey of member societies
Authors: Wheeler Sarah E. , Blasutig Ivan M. , Dabla Pradeep Kumar , Giannoli Jean-Marc , Vassault Anne , Lin Ji , Cendejas Kandace A. , Perret-Liaudet Armand , Bais Renze , Thomas Annette , Amann Egon P. , Meng Qing H. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The trueness and precision of clinical laboratory results are ensured through total quality management systems (TQM), which primarily include internal quality control (IQC) practices. However, quality practices vary globally. To understand the current global state of IQC practice and IQC management in relation to TQM the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Task Force on Global Laboratory Quality (TF-GLQ) conducted a survey of IFCC member countries on IQC practices and management.

Methods
The survey included 16 questions regarding IQC and laboratory TQM practices and was distributed to IFCC full and affiliate member countries (n=110). A total of 46 (41.8 %) responses were received from all regions except North America.

Results
Of the responding countries, 78.3 % (n=36) had legislative regulations or accreditation requirements governing medical laboratory quality standards. However, implementation was not mandatory in 46.7 % (n=21) of responding countries. IQC practices varied considerably with 57.1 % (n=28) of respondents indicating that they run 2 levels of IQC, 66.7 % (n=24) indicating they run IQC every 24 h and 66.7 % (n=28) using assay manufacturer IQC material sources. Only 29.3 % (n=12) of respondents indicated that every medical laboratory in their country has written IQC policies and procedures. By contrast, 97.6 % (n=40) of responding countries indicated they take corrective action and result remediation in the event of IQC failure.

Conclusions
The variability in TQM and IQC practices highlights the need for more formal programs and education to standardize and improve TQM in medical laboratories.
The Mirror Image of Sino-Western in America’s First Work on Travel to China
Authors: Yang Jing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
American travel writing on China, The Journals of Major Samuel Shaw, the First American Consul at Canton With a Life of the Author, not only reflects the image of China in the mid-Qing dynasty from a Western perspective, but also presents the self-conception and identity construction of early Americans. Shaw’s understanding of China prior to his arrival in China was influenced by public opinion, his community, and his reading experiences, leading him to approach his observations of China through a complex filter of romantic imagination and grandiose expectations, and commercial incentives, as well as malicious misinterpretations. While in China, his idealized vision of the Chinese market was tempered by his critical stance toward the Qing government and legal culture, which were closely linked to American interests. Shaw’s journals deconstructed the image of China as a utopia and marked an important turning point in the history of American perception of China. This study explores the trajectory of this transition and reflects on the discursive construction of American national identity in the process, tracing Samuel Shaw’s evolving perceptions of China and his influence on American politicians, businessmen, and the general public.
Nrf2 protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic rats by inhibiting Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission
Authors: Wang Xiao-Li , Zhu Qian-Qian , Simayi Alimujiang , Xu Gui-Ping 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are considered to be two main drivers of diabetic myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (DM + MIRI). Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) play central roles in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and regulating oxidative stress, but the effects of the Nrf2-Drp1 pathway on DM-MIRI have not been reported. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of the Nrf2-Drp1 pathway in DM + MIRI rats. A rat model of DM + MIRI and H9c2 cardiomyocyte injury were constructed. The therapeutic effect of Nrf2 was assessed by detecting myocardial infarct size, mitochondrial structure, levels of myocardial injury markers and oxidative stress, apoptosis, and Drp1 expression. The results showed that DM + MIRI rats had increased myocardial infarct size and Drp1 expression in myocardial tissue, accompanied by increased mitochondrial fission and oxidative stress. Interestingly, Nrf2 agonist dimethyl fumarate (DMF) could significantly improve cardiac function, mitochondrial fission, and decrease oxidative stress levels and Drp1 expression after ischemia. However, these effects of DMF would be largely counteracted by the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385. Additionally, Nrf2 overexpression significantly suppressed Drp1 expression, apoptosis, and oxidative stress levels in H9c2 cells. Nrf2 attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in DM rats by reducing Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and oxidative stress.