bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative observational study on intrasphincteric injections with Botulinum toxin vs. non-invasive sacral neuromodulation in chronic refractory constipation
Authors: Walther Mona , Müller Hanna , Weiß Christel , Carbon Roman , Diez Sonja , Besendörfer Manuel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Botulinum toxin injections in the anal sphincter apparatus (Botox) and non-invasive sacral neuromodulation (niSNM) are options for treatment of refractory chronic constipation. We present a retrospective comparative observational study.
Patients and Methods: From 2014 to 2022, pediatric patients with chronic constipation were either treated with Botox or niSNM with continuation of conservative treatment. Comparison was conducted regarding the primary outcome variables defecation frequency, stool consistency, and abdominal pain. Secondary outcomes were fecal incontinence, enuresis, change of medication and safety of treatment.
Results: 19 Botox patients (10 boys, 9 girls, 12 patients with Hirschsprung disease (HD), 7 patients with functional constipation (FC)) were compared to 24 niSNM patients (18 boys, 6 girls, 12 HD patients, 7 FC patients). Groups differed significantly in age (5.0 years (Botulinum toxin) and 6.5 years (niSNM), mean values, p-value 0.008). Improvement of constipation was seen in 68 % (n = 13/19) of Botox and 88 % (n = 21/24) of niSNM patients (p = 0.153). Influence of etiology on therapeutic effects was not observed. Complications were minor.
Conclusion: Botox and niSNM can be considered as valuable and effective treatment options in refractory chronic constipation. Prospective, large-population studies should be designed to enable improved evidence.
Neuritin restores auditory following cochlear spiral ganglion neuron denervation of gerbils
Authors: gui fei , Dandan Song , Haiyan Wang , Shuai Zhang , Xiaopin Sun , Yu Hong , Yi Yang , Rong Chen , Jin Huang , Xiaoming Song , Lei Yang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) transmit sound signals received by hair cells to the auditory center to produce hearing. The quantity and function are important for maintaining normal hearing function. Limited by the regenerative capacity, SGNs are unable to regenerate spontaneously after injury. Various neurotrophic factors play an important role in the regeneration process. Neuritin, a neurite outgrowth factor, is a neurotrophic factor closely related to neural plasticity. In this study, we used bioinformatics analysis to show that neuritin was negatively correlated with cochlear damage. Then, we aimed to establish a cochlear spiral ganglion-specific sensorineural deafness model in gerbils using ouabain and determine the effects of exogenous neuritin protein in protecting damaged cochlear SGNs and repairing damaged auditory nerve function. The provides a new research strategy and scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of sensorineural deafness caused by the loss of SGNs. We found that neuritin is expressed throughout the development of the gerbil cochlea, primarily in the SGNs and Corti regions. The expression of neuritin was negatively correlated with the sensorineural deafness model. In vitro and in vivo revealed that neuritin significantly maintained the number and arrangement of SGNs and nerve fibers in the damaged cochlea and effectively protected the high-frequency listening function of gerbils.
Detection of IoT Botnet using Machine learning and Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: W Regis Anne , G Kirubavathi , UK Sridevi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In recent years, there has been a proliferation of IoT (Internet of Things) devices and its enabling technologies in industries, product flow management, healthcare, transportation and other smart environments. The provision of IoT devices with IP (Internet Protocol) address allows for communication between these cyber-physical systems without any intervention. Lack of security on these end devices has led to many attacks like denial-of-service, Botnets, identity theft and data theft attacks. Mirai, Torii, Emotet, Dridex, Trickbot, Glupteba and QBots are all example of IoT vulnerabilities. Artificial intelligence enables to build strong secure cyber-physical systems. Machine learning and Deep learning techniques combats cyber-attacks by detection and prevention of these Botnets. In this paper, we explore on Botnet attacks that is prevalent in IoT devices because of lack of standards in security when manufacturing or illiteracy of security awareness by the users. Machine learning and Deep learning are prospective solutions to detect and prevent cyber intrusions on IoT devices using anomaly detection. In this paper, firstly we present a framework for Botnet detection to detect an attack on real time traffic. Secondly, we compare and contrast different machine learning and deep learning algorithms for detection of Botnets on the standard features using the Aposemat IoT-23 dataset. Among the deep learning models Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) efficiently detects Botnets with 99.87% accuracy. Thirdly, the raw packet captured (pcap) files form Aposemat IoT-23 dataset are analyzed for attacks using Wireshark tool. Then deep learning model GRU is used to detect the malware attacks with accuracy of 99.89 and better time complexity. Finally, we compare the models based on performance metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, F1-Score and time complexity to deduce the best model on both feature based and featureless IoT traffic.
FAP expression in alpha cells of Langherhans insulae – implications for FAPI radiopharmaceuticals’ use
Authors: Kirienko Margarita , Centonze Giovanni , Sabella Giovanna , Sollai Mauro , Sollini Martina , Lan Xiaoli , Chen Haojun , Terracciano Luigi , Seregni Ettore , Milione Massimo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Radiopharmaceuticals targeting fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP) are increasingly studied for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. We discovered FAP expression at immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the alpha cells of the Langerhans insulae of few patients. Therefore, we planned an investigation aimed at describing FAP expression in the pancreas and discussing the implications for radioligand applications.
Methods
We retrospectively included 40 patients from 2 institutions (20 pts each) according to the following inclusion/exclusion criteria: i) pathology proven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors (NET), 10 pts per each group at each center; ii) and availability of paraffin-embedded tissue and iii) clinical-pathological records. We performed IHC analysis and applied a semiquantitative visual scoring system (0, negative staining; 1, present in less than 30%; 2, present in more than 30% of the area). FAP expression was assessed according to histology – NET(n = 20) vs ductal adenocarcinoma(n = 20) - and to previous treatments within the adenocarcinoma group. Local ethics committee approved the study (No. INT 21/16, 28 January 2016).
Results
The population consisted of 24 males, 16 females, median age 68, range (14–84) years; 8/20 adenocarcinoma patients received chemotherapy. In all the Langerhans insulae (40/40) pancreatic alpha cells were found to express FAP, with a score of 2. No difference was found among NET(20/20) and adenocarcinoma(20/20); nor according to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the adenocarcinoma cohort (received or not received).
Conclusion
Pancreatic Langerhans islets alpha cells normally express FAP. This is not expected to influence the diagnostic accuracy of FAP-targeting tracers. In the therapeutic setting, our results suggest the need to better elucidate FAPI radioligands’ effects on the Langerhans insulae function.
Surgical management of spinal arachnoid web in case of syringomyelia: Strategies and outcomes
Authors: Adib Sasan Darius , Schittenhelm Jens , Kurucz Peter , Hauser Till-Karsten , Tatagiba Marcos 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Spinal arachnoid web (SAW) is a rare disease entity characterized as band-like arachnoid tissue that can cause spinal cord compression and syringomyelia. This study aimed to analyze the surgical management of spinal arachnoid web in patients with syringomyelia, focusing on surgical strategies and outcomes.
A total of 135 patients with syringomyelia underwent surgery at our department between November 2003 and December 2022. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with a special syringomyelia protocol (including TrueFISP and cine), and electrophysiology. Among these patients, we searched for patients with SAW with syringomyelia following careful analysis of neuroradiological data and surgical reports. The criteria for SAW were as follows: displacement of the spinal cord, disturbed but preserved CSF flow, and intraoperative arachnoid web. Patients were evaluated for initial symptoms, surgical strategies, and complications by reviewing surgical reports, patient documents, neuroradiological data, and follow-up data.
Of the 135 patients, 3 (2.22%) fulfilled the SAW criteria. The mean patient age was 51.67 ± 8.33 years. Two patients were male, and one was female. The affected levels were TH2/3, TH6, and TH8. Excision of arachnoid web was performed in all cases. No significant change in intraoperative monitoring was noted. Postoperatively, none of the patients presented new neurological symptoms. The MRI 3 months after surgery revealed that the syringomyelia improved in all cases, and caliber variation of the spinal cord could not be detected anymore. All clinical symptoms improved.
In summary SAW can be safely treated by surgery. Even syringomyelia usually improves inMRI and symptoms also improves, residual symptoms might be observed.
Ballistic performance of an FRP helmet-head system
Authors: Liu Y. J. , Xin S. H. , Wen H. M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to make an assessment on the performance of an FRP helmet-head system subjected to ballistic impact. Firstly, an FE model for human head is developed in which it mainly consists of scalp, skull, meanings, cerebrospinal fluid, brain tissue, falx, tentorium, face and neck. Constitutive models for each component of the head are determined and, in particular, strain rate effects of the compact bone of skull and the hyperelastic property of scalp are taken into account for the first time. Secondly, an FE model for Kevlar fibre reinforced phenolic helmet are constructed based on PASGT helmet. Recently developed dynamic constitutive models for metals and FRP laminates are employed for FMJ bullet and the KFRP helmet, respectively in the present study. Finally, both the head and helmet models are validated against available test data. Furthermore, effects of padding system (strap-netting and OA foam), impact position (top, front, lateral and rear), and projectile type (FSP and FMJ) on the ballistic performance of the helmet-head system have been systematically investigated with special attention being paid to the severity of head injury. It is found that the performance of the helmet with OA foam is advantageous over that of the helmet with strap-netting in head injury prevention; that the most harmful impact positions are different for helmets with different liner systems. It is also found that a lower velocity (358m/s) FMJ bullet pose more threats to head injury than a higher velocity (610m/s) FSP for the PASGT helmet-head system.
Conjugation of doxorubicin and carbon based-nanostructures for drug delivery against HT-29 colon cancer cells
Authors: Aghdam Kaveh Jafari , Sabeti Bahare , Chekin Fereshteh , Mashreghi Maral 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Many nanomaterials have been used as novel carriers for cancer therapy. Among them, carbon based-nanomaterials have been extensively used in biological applications. We reported platforms based on graphene oxide (GO), ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) to conjugate with doxorubicin (DOX). The conjugation of DOX with carbon nanomaterial was investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods. We showed that graphene oxide was a highly efficient matrix. Efficient loading of DOX, 89%, 78%, and 73.5% at pH 7.0 was seen onto GO, OMC and CNT, respectively. Upon pH 4. 0 after 15 h, 69%, 61% and 61% of DOX could be released from the DOX-GO, DOX-OMC and DOX-CNT, respectively, which illustrated the significant benefits of the developed approach for carbon nanomaterial applications. In addition, the study evaluated the cytotoxicity effect of DOX-GO, DOX-OMC and DOX-CNT on HT29 colon cancer cell lines. Cytotoxicity tests showed significantly higher toxicity of DOX/GO, DOX/OMC and DOX/CNT in comparison with GO, OMC and CNT against HT29 colon cancer cells with cell viability of 22%, 40% and 44% after 48 h for DOX-GO, DOX-OMC and DOX-CNT, respectively. Thus, developing nanohybrids based on carbon nanomaterial conjugated to DOX will remarkably enhance the anti-cancer activity.
Clinicopathologic analysis of pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation: a multi-institutional cohort study by the Kyushu Neuro-Oncology Study Group
Authors: Yamashita Shinji , Takeshima Hideo , Hata Nobuhiro , Uchida Hiroyuki , Shinojima Naoki , Yokogami Kiyotaka , Nakano Yoshiteru , Sakata Kiyohiko , Fudaba Hirotaka , Enomoto Toshiyuki , Nakahara Yukiko , Ujifuku Kenta , Sugawara Kenichi , Iwaki Tooru , Sangatsuda Yuhei , Yoshimoto Koji , Hanaya Ryousuke , Mukasa Akitake , Suzuki Kohei , Yamamoto Junkoh , Negoto Tetsuya , Nakamura Hideo , Momii Yasutomo , Fujiki Minoru , Abe Hiroshi , Masuoka Jyun , Abe Tatsuya , Matsuo Takayuki , Ishiuchi Shogo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation (PPTIDs), which were recognized in the 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) classification, are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all central nervous system tumors. This rarity and novelty complicate the diagnosis and treatments of PPTID. We therefore aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological significance of this tumor.
Methods
At 11 institutions participating in the Kyushu Neuro-Oncology Study Group, data for patients diagnosed with PPTID were collected. Central pathology review and KBTBD4 mutation analysis were applied to attain the diagnostically accurate cohort.
Results
PPTID was officially diagnosed in 28 patients: 11 (39%) with WHO grade 2 and 17 (61%) with WHO grade 3 tumors. Median age was 49 years, and the male:female ratio was 1:2.1. Symptom was headache in 50% (14/28). Surgery was attempted in all 28 patients, and gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 46% (13/28). Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy were administered to, respectively, 82% (23/28) and 46% (13/28). The 5-year progression-free and overall survival rates were 64.9% and 70.4% respectively. Female sex (p = 0.02) and GTR (p < 0.01) were found to be independent prognostic factors. Initial and second recurrences were most often leptomeningeal (67% and 100% respectively). 80% (20/25) of patients harbored a KBTBD4 mutation.
Conclusions
Female sex and GTR were independent prognostic factors in our patients with PPTID. Leptomeningeal recurrence was observed to be particularly characteristic of this tumor. The rate of KBTBD4 mutation observed in our cohort was acceptable and this could prove the accuracy of our PPTID cohort.
Changes in Left Ventricular Systolic Function after Transcatheter Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure in Premature Infants
Authors: Karunanandaa Aravinth , Paolillo Joseph , Cook Amanda , Swayampakala Kamala , Schwartz Matthew C. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Changes in left ventricular (LV) systolic function have not been well described in premature neonates after transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure.
Methods
We retrospectively identified all premature neonates < 3kg who underwent transcatheter PDA closure at our center between 1/1/15 and 1/31/21. LV indices before and after closure were extracted and analysis performed.
Results
23 patients were included with a mean procedural weight of 1894 ± 622 gm. At 24 hrs after closure, the median LVEF (66% IQR 12 vs. 61% IQR 12, p< 0.001) and median LV end diastolic dimension z-score (3.3 IQR 1.8 vs. 1.4 IQR 2.6, p<0.001) both decreased and 5 (22%) patients had an LVEF < 55%. Patients who had an LVEF < 55% at 24 hrs had a higher pre-procedure LV end-diastolic dimension z-score (4.2 IQR 1.2 vs 2.8 IQR 1.6, p=0.01), a higher pre-procedure LV end-diastolic volume (19 ml IQR 4 vs. 11 ml IQR 11, p=0.03), a higher birth weight (940 gm IQR 100 vs. 760 gm IQR 140, p=0.04), and were more likely to receive intravenous calcium during the procedure (60% vs. 11%, p=0.04) compared to those with an LVEF ≥ 55% at 24 hrs after closure. Of those with LVEF < 55% at 24 hrs, all normalized before discharge.
Conclusion
In preterm neonates who underwent successful transcatheter PDA closure, 23% developed abnormal LVEF after closure and those with significant LV dilation prior to the procedure were at increased risk for the development of LVEF < 55% after closure.
Maternal hypercholesterolemia during gestation is associated with elevated lipid levels of two- day-old neonates
Authors: VS¹ Jayalekshmi , RS¹ Jagannath , S³ Sreelekshmi , P³ Rafeekha , R³ Vidyalekshmy , Ramachandran Surya 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Maternal hypercholesterolemia (MHC) during pregnancy is associated with the risk of developing aortic lesions in fetuses. There is also a possibility of faster progression of atherosclerosis in offspring born to hypercholesterolemic mothers (HCM) during their adulthood. We investigated whether elevated maternal cholesterol levels during pregnancy influence the lipid levels in offspring. We analyzed the lipid profile of mothers during the three trimesters, cord blood (CB) at birth, and neonatal blood (NB) on Day 2 postpartum in the offspring. Cholesterol levels of HCM significantly increased throughout gestation when compared to normocholesterolemic mothers (NCM). CB lipid levels of newborns of HCM were similar to the newborns of NCM. While NB of offsprings of HCM had elevated levels of triglycerides (TG) (p<0.01) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (p<0.01) when compared to the offspring of NCM. MHC also resulted in low newborn birthweight (p<0.05) and low placental efficiency (ratio of newborn birth weight to placental weight) (p<0.01) but no change was observed in umbilical cord length or placental weight. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed no significant changes in the protein expression of genes involved in TG metabolisms such as LDLR, VLDLR, CETP, and PPARG. We report that MHC in mothers decreases placental efficiency and newborn birthweight while increasing lipid levels in neonates on the second postpartum day. Given that TG levels modulate the circulating Low-Density lipoproteins, the increase in these levels in neonates gains importance. Whether these consistently high levels cause atherosclerosis in early adulthood warrants further investigation.
Association between ROX index with 28-day mortality in sepsis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Dong Yukang , huang rui , Fu Jiangquan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: The ROX index (peripheral oxygen saturation / fraction of inspired oxygen to respiratory rate) can help clinicians assessing patients' conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of time-weighted average ROX (ROX-TWA) index on short-term mortality in sepsis patients.
Methods: In this retrospective study, clinical data of patients diagnosed as sepsis was extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-III database (version 1.4). The septic patients were further categorized by quartiles of their ROX-TWA levels. The associations between ROX-TWA levels and 28-day mortality were assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards model and verified by two-piecewise linear regression model.
Main results: By smooth curve fitting, we find that a non-linear relationship between ROX-TWA index and 28-day mortality in sepsis patients, and inflection point was 8. The risk of developing mortality decreased significantly with an increase in ROX-TWA value until plateaued at a level of 8 (HR 0.75 (0.71, 0.80), P<0.001). Moreover. Subgroup analysis showed, a similar relationship between ROX-TWA index and 28-day mortality in patients using or not using mechanical ventilator.
Conclusion: The relationship between ROX-TWA index and 28-day mortality in sepsis patients is non-linear. ROX-TWA index is an independent risk factor of 28-day mortality in sepsis patients when ROX-TWA is less than 8.
A Feature Selection Committee Method Using Empirical Mode Decomposition for Multiple Fault Classification in a Wind Turbine Gearbox
Authors: Felix Leonardo Oldani , Martins Dionísio Henrique Carvalho de Sá Só , Monteiro Ulisses Admar Barbosa Vicente , Castro Brenno Moura , Pinto Luiz Antônio Vaz , Martins Carlos Alfredo Orfão 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Gearboxes are widely used in various industries such as aircrafts, automobiles, wind turbines, ship industries among others. Due its complex configuration, it is a challenging task to identify fault and failures patterns. Its internal components, such as bearings and gears, have different fault patterns, that can appear in one or in both components. The vibration signals were processed using the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) to select the significant IMFs and then 18 features were extract from this IMFs. Four features ranking techniques (ReliefF, Chi-Square, Max Relevance Min Redundancy (mRMR) and Decision Tree) were used in a committee to select the best feature set, among the 10 with the highest rank, that appears at least in 3 of the 4 methods. The new feature set was used as an input to Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) algorithms. The results showed that the use of the PCC value as a tool for selecting the significant IMFs, combined with the feature committee led to good results for this classification problem. In this case study, the ANN model outperformed the SVM and the RF algorithms, by using only 4 features to achieve 95.42% of accuracy and 6 features to achieve 100% of accuracy.