bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review study on Ayurveda treatment protocol for diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Kamaliya Sangita O. , Vaghela Dharmendra S. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious hurdle seen in diabetic patients and major problem of visual impairment in developed nations. DR is essentially a microangiopathy affecting arterioles, venules, and capillaries of the retina. Recently, available treatments for DR have some obstacles; taking this into consideration best treatments from other streams are being searched.

Materials and Methods:
The present study is aimed to review research works carried out in Shalakya Department, Jamnagar. This study is planned to establish the effect of different Ayurvedic treatment protocols, viz., Panchakarma therapy like Nasya (use of medicated drugs through nostrils) and Virechana/Koshta Shodhana (therapeutic purgation) and ocular procedures (Netra Kriya Kalpa) like Takra Shirodhara (pouring of medicine-mixed buttermilk to the head) and Takra Shirolepa (application of buttermilk-mixed paste to the head) in DR. The numbers of patients in trials 1, 2, and 3 are 33, 46, and 100, respectively. Duration of treatment in trials 1 and 2 was 2 months and in trial 3 it was 3 months. Follow-up in all the trials was 1 month.

Results:
These treatment protocols were found to be significantly effective and safe. During the treatment and follow-up period, no any adverse drug reactions were reported.

Conclusion:
It can be said that selected intervention was found to be safe, having appreciative, effective, and helpful results for DR as a conventional treatment protocol and other choice of treatment for patients’ better quality of life.
A comprehensive review of Pratinidhi Dravya from commentaries of Sharangdhara Samhita
Authors: Badyal Sakshi , Tambe Ganesh A. , Yadav Pramod R. , Prajapati Pradeep K. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Substitutes (Pratinidhi Dravya) is a known concept since Samhita period but became popular during 16th–17th century. Substitutes are important in the present scenario where the availability of raw drug is a big concern. The current available published data focuses on substitutes described by Bhavpraksha and Yogratnakara. But before these texts, commentators of Sharangdhara Samhita have explained Abhava Dravya under different formulations. No work has been done to highlight their contribution.

Materials and Methods:
A thorough review of entire Sharangdhara Samhita along with its two commentaries, i.e., Deepika and Gudhartha Deepika, has been done along with databases and published literature.

Result and Conclusion:
Through this review, a clear insight of the seers was observed in choosing substitutes by prioritizing the therapeutic profile of the drug or formulation.
A narrative review on use of virgin coconut oil in dermatology
Authors: Umate Nishigandha , Kuchewar Vaishali , Parwe Shweta 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Coconut oil is of two varieties: virgin and refined oil. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is made by cold-pressing the liquid from the fresh part of coconut meat. It has a milky appearance. This oil extraction method prevents the loss of vitamin E, pro-vitamin A, and polyphenols. It has various properties such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer. Skin is the general structure of the body. It is the first line of protection against traumatic injuries and microorganisms.

Aim:
This review is focussed on the existing data on the effect of VCO on the skin.

Materials and Methods:
PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for citations for keywords “virgin coconut oil and dermatology” and “virgin coconut oil and skin.” In search of the various databases, 13 articles were found on VCO related to skin.

Result:
Virgin coconut oil is used as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, as skin protector, in Alzheimer's disease, in wound healing and as moisturizer.

Conclusion:
From this review, it can be concluded that VCO is beneficial for various dermatological disorders. It is antifungal and antibacterial and also acts as an immunomodulator. It also has anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, wound-healing, and skin protective properties.
A critical review of Vishaghna Dravya mentioned in Madanpal Nighantu
Authors: Pandey Chandradev , Kadu Amol Sharma , Sharma Anita , Patel Narsingh 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Agada Tantra is the branch of Ayurveda that deals with food poisoning, snakebites, dog bites, insect bites, etc. Envenoming is an important public health problem in India. In modern, there are various treatments including anti-venoms for poisoning. But still, there is a lacuna in treatment due to the side effect of contemporary treatment. But in Ayurveda, various drugs are described, having antitoxic properties, without any side effects.

Aim:
To provide comprehensive information about Vishaghna Dravya (anti-toxic drug) mentioned in Madanpal Nighantu which is used as a medicine for the treatment of different animate, inanimate poison, and metallic poison.

Materials and Methods:
Ayurveda text Madanpal Nighantu in Sanskrit as well as Hindi where the Dravya (drug) of different origins and their antitoxic property are mentioned have been referred for this literary work. Knowing the relevance of drugs in the form of Visha Chikitsa (treatment of poison) and their Vishaghna Guna (antitoxic property). For the discussion, all of the gathered information has been reorganized and critically reviewed, and an attempt has been made to draw certain meaningful insights.

Results and Conclusion:
In this article, we focused on various Vishahar Dravya mentioned in Madanpal Nighantu, based on Rasa, Guna, Virya, and Vipaka, and out of 500 drugs in Madanpal Nighantu there are 74 drugs having Vishaghna properties. This Nighantu generally describe drugs having action against different type of poisons such as Jangam, Sthavar, and Dhatu Visha. Visha-Upavisha Dravyas from the therapeutic point of view are considered highly valuable in accordance with their quick effectiveness even in smaller doses.
External applications of Shigru (Moringa oleifera Lam)
Authors: Gavadiya Swati K. , Sharma Tarun , Bapna Vidhi M. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Plants are the main source of medicine in traditional system of medicines like Ayurveda. In Ayurvedic literature, there are indications of Basti (drug administration through anal route) and Nasya (drug administration through nasal route) along with oral route. Similarly, for external application, there were many forms such as lepa (external application of paste), Aschyotana (eye drops), Anjana (collyrium), etc. The Ayurveda literature is a treasure of many formulations that can be therapeutically used through various routes in Netra roga (eye disorders), Karna roga (ear disorders), Kustha (skin diseases), Apsmara (epilepsy), Galganda (goitre), and Slipada (elephantiasis). Systematic monographs of single drugs can be very useful for clinical application. Moringa oleifera is a single drug, which is abundantly available as well as therapeutically efficacious; this review is an appraisal to compile and present the external therapeutic uses of Shigru (Moringa oleifera Lam).

Aim:
The aim of the study was to review the Ayurvedic literature to collect information regarding the external therapeutic use of various parts of Shigru.

Materials and Methods:
Extensive review of Shigru involves the study of Veda, Samhita, Chikitsa granth, Ayurvedic compendia, and various databases like database of India, etc., regarding various formulations, dosage form, indications, and useful parts.

Result:
During the literature survey, a total of 149 formulations in 145 dosage forms of Shigru have been recommended for 24 diseases.

Conclusions:

Shigru is extensively useful for external application, and based on the information presented in this literature survey, it can be therapeutically used in many diseases as well as novel formulations and dosage forms using Shigru (Moringa oleifera Lam).
The formulations in Rasayogsagar for treating toxicity
Authors: Pandey Narayan , Sharma Anita , Kadu Amol S. , Das Kishore , Itani Naresh , Pokhrel Saroj M. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
In the current era, different toxicants are a major problem for human Owing to industrialization and civilization, people are embedded in the test-tube of toxins. Different kinds of toxicants, which are called xenobiotics, found in the form of chemicals, pesticides, coloring agents, and antibiotics, which enter into the body through different routes such as oral, dermal, and inhalation, play an important role as a etiological factor for the pathology of different diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cancer, and so on. All these artificial poisons are considered to be Kritrim Visha, which are also called Gara Visha in Ayurveda, which is described to be one of the causative factors to cause disease conditions. So, it is necessary to identify those preparations or formulations which act as an anti-toxic action. The classical text, i.e., Rasayogsagar, has mentioned thousands of preparations, among them about 74 are Vishaghna Yoga (anti-toxic preparations) which have been specifically indicated either in animate or in inanimate toxicity or in both. These formulations in the modern era have a great importance to reduce the toxicity level in human beings. So, these preparations must be prepared and made available everywhere following the guidelines of preparation mentioned in Rasayogsagar, which could play to pacify the toxic substance and prevent the harmful effects in human beings.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of this study is as follows: (i) To study the indication of different preparations mentioned in Rasayogsagar for different toxic manifestations. (ii) A detailed literary study of contents and methods of preparations of Vishaghna (anti-toxic) with doses and route of administration.

Materials and Methods:
The article is based on literary review regarding anti-toxic action (Vishaghna) of various kinds of preparations, which has been collected and compiled from Ayurvedic compendium (i.e., Rasayogsagar).

Results and Conclusion:
In total, 74 anti-toxic (Vishaghna) formulations have been found in Rasayogsagar. Most of them have found to be specifically indicated in anti-toxic action-specific (Visha Rogadhikar) and some of them have been indicated in other disease conditions but have anti-toxic properties (Vishaghna) also.
Low back pain
Authors: Verma Piyush , Kanaujia Shiwangi , Pathak Ashutosh K. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Low back pain affects 70–85% of the adult population at some point in life. In total 45–75% of patients continue to experience pain after 12 months of onset. Low back pain is a major health hazard in today’s technological era. The history of low back pain is as ancient as human civilization. There are pieces of evidence of low back pain and sciatica in the past era, which was a problematic concern for the population of that time. There was a practical approach of different cultures toward the low back and sciatic pain at that time. The rich history of Indian medicine guides us to the classic developments and thoughts of that era.

Aims and Objectives:
This study aims to illuminate descriptions and understandings of low back pain from previous historical reviews as well as fill gaps in previous reviews that ignored the hidden knowledge of low back pain from ancient Indian literature.

Materials and Methods:
Here published scientific articles in reputed journals regarding the historical background of low back pain, sciatica, and lumbar radiculopathy have been reviewed from PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and so on, and low back pain conditions from ayurveda classics have been extracted and conceptual understanding to low back pain by ancient Indian ayurvedic scholars have been revealed. The lacunae in previous reviews of missing the knowledge of ancient Indian ayurvedic texts have been tried to fill by this work.

Observations and Results:
The review showed that the understanding of various conditions associated with low back pain such as katishoola, katigraha, gridhrasi, trikshoola, trikvedna, and so on. and its pathophysiology was well developed in ancient Indian culture.

Conclusion:
Numerous earlier studies on low back and sciatic pain have overlooked the historical significance of the Indian subcontinent. The existing information must therefore be revealed along with these crucial descriptions. The world’s focus will be directed toward ayurvedic medicines and low back pain management solutions when the concepts of ayurveda are revealed historically. As a result, this article will aid in promoting the traditional Ayurvedic medical method.
Management of Vicharchika through Panchakarma
Authors: Kavita Kumari , Meher Alok K. , Bhatted Santosh K. 
Published: August 2023

Background:

Vicharchika is a type of skin disorder; as per our ancient Acharyas, all skin disorders are described under Kushtha, which is further divided into two subcategories MahaKushtha and KshudraKushtha. Vicharchika is one of the types of KshudraKushtha as mentioned in Ayurveda texts. The clinical presentation of Vicharchika is similar to that of atopic dermatitis.

Aim:
As modern system of medicines is no safe and permanent solution, Ayurveda provides a wide range of treatment protocols such as Shamana (medication of disease), Shodhana (purification), and Rasayana (rejuvenation) therapies. In this single case study, Ayurveda Panchakarma treatment was used to understand its effectiveness and safety.

Materials and Methods:
The patient was given treatment for a period of 15 days along with a follow-up period of 15 days. The treatment protocol included DeepanaPachana, Snehpana, Sarvanga Abhyanga, SarvangaBaspaSwedana followed by Virechana (purgation therapy) through NimbamruthadiErandaTaila, Triphala, and TrivrutChurna.

Results:
A significant improvement was seen in all assessment criteria, i.e., Eczema Area and Severity Scale, Scoring Atopic Dermatitis, and Ayurveda Signs and Symptoms. An average improvement of 86.87%was recorded in all assessment criteria.

Conclusion:
Ayurveda Panchakarma procedures have immense potential even in chronic cases and can be used as a treatment plan for skin disorders. Considering the chronicity of the case and substantial improvement found, this case was worth sharing with scientific domain for betterment of science.
Venous Thromboembolism and Cardiopulmonary Involvement in Covid 2019 Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Kumar Viveka , Anand Reena , Dhir Sangeeta , Aggarwal Bharat 
Published: August 2023

Context:
The context of the study was venous thromboembolism (VTE) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.

Aim:
The purpose of the study was to understand the prevalence of thrombotic events (pulmonary embolism [PE] and deep-vein thrombosis [DVT]) and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction (RVD) in patients with COVID-19.

Settings and Design:
Retrospective observational study, Max Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Materials and Methods:
This study was undertaken in 504 diagnosed COVID-19 adult patients of both genders in the age groups (>40 years and 40 years) during the COVID first and second waves in India. The hospital EMR database of the admitted COVID patients was extracted. Based on the study criteria, the parameters assessed were: D-dimer, CTSS scoring, DVT, RVD, and nature of hospitalization.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Quantitative variables were expressed in terms of mean and standard deviation. The significance of the association between different variables was evaluated by the Chi-square test. The significance of the difference in age and CTSS score between different categories of PE and DVT was tested by the Student’s t-test.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 57.13 years. The mean D-dimer level was 502.95 ng/mL. A PE was reported in 101 patients. The severity of the lung involvement as assessed on computed tomography pulmonary angiography was predominant in the bilateral segmental branch (70%), with a mean CTSS score of 14.47, 7.37. DVT was reported in 48 (9.5%) patients. RVD was observed in 14 (2.8%) patients. A significant correlation was found between PE and hospitalization (83.2%, P = 0.003), CTSS (20.07%, P = 0.037, confidence interval 0.10–3.31), and DVT (33.7%, P = 0.001). The prevalence of PE (20.03%) and VTE was 6.7%. RVD was reported in 2.8% of the cases.

Conclusion:
Our study validates the increased risk of VTE in COVID-19 patients. These findings will be useful to researchers and medical practitioners caring for COVID-19 patients.
Platelet Parameters May be Predictors of Coronary Artery Disease in Prediabetes: Rural Hospital-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Talwar Dhruv , Kumar Sunil , Acharya Sourya , Wanjari Anil , Bawankule Shilpa , Agrawal Sachin 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Prediabetes is a state of impaired glucose tolerance that often precedes overt diabetes mellitus and is frequently underdiagnosed. Glycation of platelet proteins leads to increased platelet reactivity which can be an essential predisposing event in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Although research has been conducted to diagnose CAD in prediabetes and to assess platelet indices in prediabetes, there has been no attempt to assess platelet indices in prediabetic patients who have CAD.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was carried out in a rural tertiary care center in Central India from September 2019 to August 2021. A total of 180 patients were enrolled in this study, having documented CAD in coronary angiography (CAG) and blood glucose levels in the diagnostic range of prediabetes by the criteria set by the World Health Organization. Platelet indices, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood sugar levels, and CAG findings were documented for all participants.

Results:
The mean platelet volume (MPV) in our study population was 9.58 ± 1.14 fL, platelet distribution width (PDW) was 15.69% ± 1.36%, plateletcrit was 0.3% ± 0.07%, and platelet count was 319 ± 44 × 103 cells/mm3. PDW was the best tool to predict double-vessel disease (P < 0.0001), while MPV (P = 0.6146) and PDW (P = 0.0266) were best predictors of triple-vessel disease.

Conclusion:
Platelet indices that are readily available investigations prescribed by clinicians routinely are significantly associated with blood sugar levels and can predict the severity of CAD in prediabetics in terms of the number of vessels involved. Early assessment of platelet indices in prediabetics can aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of CAD, thereby helping in planning early intervention.
Acute Coronary Syndrome in Young (≤45 Years) Patients: An Observational Study
Authors: Pandey Chandrashekhara , Singh Reena , Talokar Pankaj Kumar Vasantrao , Parikh Rujuta , Singh Gaurav 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is witnessing a demographic transition with increasing prevalence among younger individuals (≤45 years). Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the clinical features, risk factors, and angiographic profile of young (aged ≤ 45 years) patients with ACS and to compare it with the older (aged >45 years) patients with ACS.

Materials and Methods:
An observational study was conducted at a tertiary care center in India from July 2020 to December 2021. A total of 157 patients were enrolled, among which 90 patients were included in cases (group-I). The inclusion criteria were patients presenting with ACS aged between 18 and 45 years. There were two control groups, including 34 patients with ACS (aged >45 years) in Group II and 33 healthy volunteers in Group III (aged 18–45 years). Baseline demographic details, risk factors, and angiographic profile of patients with ACS in each group were recorded and compared.

Results:
Mean age of Group I was 39.79 ± 5.15 years and of Group II was 59.74 ± 8.21 years. Smoking (P = 0.027) and family history of coronary artery disease (P = 0.022) were the significant risk factors of ACS in Group I. Compared to non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (16.7%), ST-elevation myocardial infarction (83.3%) was predominant among younger patients with ACS. Single-vessel disease was prevalent among younger patients (62.2%) as compared to older patients with ACS (41.20%).

Conclusion:
Younger patients with ACS exhibited a distinct clinical and angiographic profile compared to older patients with ACS.
Efficacy and Safety of Rivaroxaban in Prevention and Therapy of Thromboembolic Events in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Preradović Tamara Kovačević , Miljković Siniša , Kos Ljiljana , Šukalo Aziz , Glamočlija Una , Avdić Amna Tanović , Mehić Meliha 
Published: August 2023

Context:
Rivaroxaban is an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor reducing the risk of systemic embolism and stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.

Aims:
The primary objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of rivaroxaban therapy in reducing the risk of systemic embolism and stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, whereas secondary objectives were to monitor therapy safety and the patients’ adherence to treatment.

Settings and Design:
The prospective, postmarketing clinical trial was conducted on patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation with one or more risk factors, such as congestive heart failure, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, who suffered a stroke or a transient ischemic attack.

Subjects and Methods:
At the baseline visit, the CHA2DS2 score was determined, and therapy was introduced. At three control visits (1, 3, and 6 months after baseline), systemic embolism, stroke, bruises, or bleeding occurrences were recorded. Furthemore, adverse events were monitored, and the Morisky score (MMAS-8) for treatment compliance was determined. Results were compared to previous studies.

Results:
The study included 471 patients. The incidence rate in events per 100 patient-years (95% confidence interval) was 2.6 (0.1–5.1) for systemic embolism and 4.3 (1.6–7.0) for stroke. The most common form of bleeding during rivaroxaban therapy was epistaxis. Adverse events were reported in 12 (2.7%) patients. Therapy adherence was in the range of medium adherence for the entire study period, with the average score decreasing significantly from the 1st to 6th months (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Rivaroxaban showed good efficacy and safety in reducing the risk of systemic embolism and stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation including patients with comorbidities.