bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An effective stereo SLAM with high-level primitives in underwater environment
Authors: Xu Shuo , Ma Teng , Li Ye , Ding Shuoshuo , Gao Jingxuan , Xia Jiahao , Qi Haodong , Gu Huayu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms face challenges in complex underwater scenarios, such as turbidity, dynamism, and low texture, where point features are unreliable and can lead to weakened or even failed systems. To overcome these issues, high-level object features are considered due to their accuracy and robustness. In this paper, we introduce an effective object-level SLAM method that employs a stereo camera to enhance the navigation robustness of autonomous underwater vehicles and generates a detailed semantic map. Point features and object features are integrated to serve the proposed approach. We begin by detecting 2D objects in images using a state-of-the-art neural network, followed by obtaining 3D objects described by the general model through the principle of multi-view geometry and eventually constructing semantic landmarks. To account for object data association, we present an object match method that takes into consideration the stereo camera characteristics in a single stereo frame and a filter-based approach to track the landmarks in odometry. Experiments are also conducted using the KITTI dataset and our sequences collected from the pool and coast. The evaluation results indicate that the proposed method can improve the performance of ORBSLAM2 in terms of both navigation robustness and mapping information in underwater scenarios.
An efficient method of pavement distress detection based on improved YOLOv7
Authors: Yi Cancan , Liu Jun , Huang Tao , Xiao Han , Guan Hui 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Pavements play a pivotal role in infrastructure construction, so pavement distress detection (PDD) will greatly affect pavement service life and vehicle operation safety. Traditional manual detection and computer detection methods have such disadvantages as low efficiency, high cost and error-proneness. Thus, they are not suitable for high-speed detection tasks due to a large number of defects. Defect detection methods based on deep learning can achieve end-to-end target detection, generalize and monitor targets in real time. On such a basis, this paper has proposed an efficient method of PDD based on improved YOLOv7. YOLOv7, which is the best-performing object detection model in the YOLO series, is known for its high efficiency, strong scalability, and support for panoramic detection. It lays a solid foundation for enhancing PDD models. In this paper, this model will be improved based on model speed and accuracy. Firstly, SimAM attention module is employed to weight feature images, which has greatly improved model accuracy. Secondly, Ghost module in place of a partial deep convolution module is used to improve model running speed. Then, SIoU, instead of the original localization loss function, is performed to optimize the model training process. Finally, the proposed improved YOLOv7 model is applied to different road defect datasets and compared with other methods, such as Faster R-CNN, CenterNet, DETR, YOLOv6 and the original YOLOv7 model. The results show that the proposed method has ubiquitous advantages over the above-mentioned methods, with the average mAP, F1 value and FPS value of 85.8%, 0.697 and 62.13 fps respectively. Furthermore, the values of the parameters Params and FLOPs also decrease to some degree.
CMOS design of a capacitively isolated AC switch driver for auto-turning frequency
Authors: Zhang M , Llaser N 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Benefiting from technological advances, new approaches for treatment are being proposed, studied and tested. High intensity focused ultrasounds (HIFU) is one of them. To further improve the performance of such a system, using integrated driver to ultrasound transducers is one step forward. To reach this goal, several design challenges must be overcome: the driver design must be compatible with complementry metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology; it also must be compatible with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) equipment used for treatment monitoring; and it should be immune to the floating ground necessary for AC-switch implementation for some specific implementation. In this article, a new AC-switch driver used within a HIFU system for a resonant circuit autotuning is proposed. A capacitive isolation is chosen so that the designed driver is compatible with both CMOS technology and MRI. It is designed in a CMOS HV 0.35 μm. The simulation results have shown that with just a 10 ns delay, or 1% of the control signal cycle, this system may run with a floating ground that can reach 180 Vpp with respect to the main ground, leading to a relative inaccuracy of 0.065% of the resonance frequency of the tank circuit. The design is well balanced so that it minimizes the carrier frequency, power consumption, and created signal latency. By using the proposed active biasing circuit, the system’s power usage is further cut in half while still maintaining a floating ground voltage of 160 Vpp, which is sufficient for our needs.
Invariant measures for stochastic conservation laws on the line
Authors: Drivas Theodore D , Dunlap Alexander , Graham Cole , La Joonhyun , Ryzhik Lenya 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We consider a stochastic conservation law on the line with solution-dependent diffusivity, a super-linear, sub-quadratic Hamiltonian, and smooth, spatially-homogeneous kick-type random forcing. We show that this Markov process admits a unique ergodic spatially-homogeneous invariant measure for each mean in a non-explicit unbounded set. This generalises previous work on the stochastic Burgers equation.
Generalist dietary responses to individual versus combined plant toxin odors: an African elephant study
Authors: Bester Twané , Schmitt Melissa H , Shrader Adrian M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The detoxification limitation hypothesis posits that, unless plant defense compounds interact synergistically or additively to increase their harmful effects, generalist herbivores will prefer consuming combinations of these compounds more than singular compounds. Monoterpenes are odoriferous defense compounds that may be toxic to mammalian herbivores when ingested in sufficient quantities. Previous research has shown that the addition of individual monoterpenes to food sources reduces consumption by generalist mammalian herbivores. By using African elephants as a case study, we aimed to determine whether odors from monoterpene combinations (i.e., two or more monoterpenes) also deter generalist mammalian herbivory, and whether generalist herbivores prefer the odors of monoterpene combinations more than individual monoterpenes. First, we tested whether the odor of monoterpene combinations that resemble the monoterpene profiles of a high-acceptability, intermediate-acceptability, and low-acceptability plant deter herbivory. We found that elephants preferred plants without the added odors of the monoterpene combinations. Second, we explored how elephants responded to individual monoterpenes found within the combinations compared with the combinations at the same set concentration, and found that the elephants did not always prefer the combinations more than the individual monoterpenes. Moreover, the more diverse the combination, the less frequently it was preferred when compared with the individual monoterpene odors. Our results imply that generalist herbivores do not necessarily prefer combinations of plant chemical defenses at comparatively lower concentrations and that, consequently, the composition and diversity of monoterpene profiles in plants likely determine the efficacy of these compounds as an olfactory defense against mammalian herbivory.
Insights from managing clinical issues in distal pancreatectomy with en bloc coeliac axis resection: experiences from 626 patients
Authors: Nakamura Toru , Okada Ken-Ichi , Ohtsuka Masayuki , Higuchi Ryota , Takahashi Hidenori , Nagai Kazuyuki , Unno Michiaki , Murakami Yoshiaki , Oba Atsushi , Tomikawa Moriaki , Kato Atsushi , Horiguchi Akihiko , Nakamura Masafumi , Yagi Shintaro , Satoi Sohei , Endo Itaru , Amano Ryosuke , Matsumoto Ippei , Ito Yoichi M , Nagakawa Takukazu , Hirano Satoshi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Distal pancreatectomy with en bloc coeliac axis resection (DP-CAR) for pancreatic body cancer has been reported increasingly. However, its large-scale outcomes remain undocumented. This study aimed to evaluate DP-CAR volume and mortality, preoperative arterial embolization for ischaemic gastropathy, the oncological benefit for resectable tumours close to the bifurcation of the splenic artery and coeliac artery using propensity score matching, and prognostic factors in DP-CAR.

Methods
In a multi-institutional analysis, 626 DP-CARs were analysed retrospectively and compared with 1325 distal pancreatectomies undertaken in the same interval.

Results
Ninety-day mortality was observed in 7 of 21 high-volume centres (1 or more DP-CARs per year) and 1 of 41 low-volume centres (OR 20.00, 95 per cent c.i. 2.26 to 177.26). The incidence of ischaemic gastropathy was 19.2 per cent in the embolization group and 7.9 per cent in the no-embolization group (OR 2.77, 1.48 to 5.19). Propensity score matching analysis showed that median overall survival was 33.5 (95 per cent c.i. 27.4 to 42.0) months in the DP-CAR and 37.9 (32.8 to 53.3) months in the DP group. Multivariable analysis identified age at least 67 years (HR 1.40, 95 per cent c.i. 1.12 to 1.75), preoperative tumour size 30 mm or more (HR 1.42, 1.12 to 1.80), and preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level over 37 units/ml (HR 1.43, 1.11 to 1.83) as adverse prognostic factors.

Conclusion
DP-CAR can be performed safely in centres for general pancreatic surgery regardless of DP-CAR volume, and preoperative embolization may not be required. This procedure has no oncological advantage for resectable tumour close to the bifurcation of the splenic artery, and should be performed after appropriate patient selection.
Baseline left atrial low-voltage area predicts recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation: WAVE-MAP AF results
Authors: Starek Zdenek , Di Cori Andrea , Betts Timothy R , Clerici Gael , Gras Daniel , Lyan Evgeny , Della Bella Paolo , Li Jingyun , Hack Benjamin , Zitella Verbick Laura , Sommer Philipp 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
Electro-anatomical mapping may be critical to identify atrial fibrillation (AF) subjects who require substrate modification beyond pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). The objective was to determine correlations between pre-ablation mapping characteristics and 12-month outcomes after a single PVI-only catheter ablation of AF.

Methods and results
This study enrolled paroxysmal AF (PAF), early persistent AF (PsAF; 7 days–3 months), and non-early PsAF (&gt;3–12 months) subjects undergoing de novo PVI-only radiofrequency catheter ablation. Sinus rhythm (SR) and AF voltage maps were created with the Advisor HD Grid™ Mapping Catheter, Sensor Enabled™ for each subject, and the presence of low-voltage area (LVA) (low-voltage cutoffs: 0.1–1.5 mV) was investigated. Follow-up visits were at 3, 6, and 12 months, with a 24-h Holter monitor at 12 months. A Cox proportional hazards model identified associations between mapping data and 12-month recurrence after a single PVI procedure. The study enrolled 300 subjects (113 PAF, 86 early PsAF, and 101 non-early PsAF) at 18 centres. At 12 months, 75.5% of subjects were free from AF/atrial flutter (AFL)/atrial tachycardia (AT) recurrence. Univariate analysis found that arrhythmia recurrence did not correlate with AF diagnosis, but LVA was significantly correlated. Low-voltage area (&lt;0.5 mV) &gt;28% of the left atrium in SR [hazard ratio (HR): 4.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.08–11.18; P = 0.0003] and &gt;72% in AF (HR: 5.66, 95% CI: 2.34–13.69; P = 0.0001) was associated with a higher risk of AF/AFL/AT recurrence at 12 months.

Conclusion
Larger extension of LVA was associated with an increased risk of arrhythmia recurrence. These subjects may benefit from substrate modification beyond PVI.
Manual vs. automatic assessment of the QT-interval and corrected QT
Authors: Neumann Benjamin , Vink A Suzanne , Hermans Ben J M , Lieve Krystien V V , Cömert Didem , Beckmann Britt-Maria , Clur Sally-Ann B , Blom Nico A , Delhaas Tammo , Wilde Arthur A M , Kääb Stefan , Postema Pieter G , Sinner Moritz F 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is challenging to predict. Electrocardiogram (ECG)-derived heart rate-corrected QT-interval (QTc) is used for SCD-risk assessment. QTc is preferably determined manually, but vendor-provided automatic results from ECG recorders are convenient. Agreement between manual and automatic assessments is unclear for populations with aberrant QTc. We aimed to systematically assess pairwise agreement of automatic and manual QT-intervals and QTc.

Methods and results
A multi-centre cohort enriching aberrant QTc comprised ECGs of healthy controls and long-QT syndrome (LQTS) patients. Manual QT-intervals and QTc were determined by the tangent and threshold methods and compared to automatically generated, vendor-provided values. We assessed agreement globally by intra-class correlation coefficients and pairwise by Bland–Altman analyses and 95% limits of agreement (LoA). Further, manual results were compared to a novel automatic QT-interval algorithm. ECGs of 1263 participants (720 LQTS patients; 543 controls) were available [median age 34 (inter-quartile range 35) years, 55% women]. Comparing cohort means, automatic and manual QT-intervals and QTc were similar. However, pairwise Bland–Altman-based agreement was highly discrepant. For QT-interval, LoAs spanned 95 (tangent) and 92 ms (threshold), respectively. For QTc, the spread was 108 and 105 ms, respectively. LQTS patients exhibited more pronounced differences. For automatic QTc results from 440–540 ms (tangent) and 430–530 ms (threshold), misassessment risk was highest. Novel automatic QT-interval algorithms may narrow this range.

Conclusion
Pairwise vendor-provided automatic and manual QT-interval and QTc results can be highly discrepant. Novel automatic algorithms may improve agreement. Within the above ranges, automatic QT-interval and QTc results require manual confirmation, particularly if T-wave morphology is challenging.
The MillenniumTNG project: the galaxy population at z ≥ 8
Authors: Kannan Rahul , Springel Volker , Hernquist Lars , Pakmor Rüdiger , Delgado Ana Maria , Hadzhiyska Boryana , Hernández-Aguayo César , Barrera Monica , Ferlito Fulvio , Bose Sownak , White Simon D M , Frenk Carlos , Smith Aaron , Garaldi Enrico 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
The early release science results from JWST have yielded an unexpected abundance of high-redshift luminous galaxies that seems to be in tension with current theories of galaxy formation. However, it is currently difficult to draw definitive conclusions form these results as the sources have not yet been spectroscopically confirmed. It is in any case important to establish baseline predictions from current state-of-the-art galaxy formation models that can be compared and contrasted with these new measurements. In this work, we use the new large-volume ($L_\mathrm{box}\sim 740 \, \mathrm{cMpc}$) hydrodynamic simulation of the MillenniumTNG project, suitably scaled to match results from higher resolution – smaller volume simulations, to make predictions for the high-redshift (z ≳ 8) galaxy population and compare them to recent JWST observations. We show that the simulated galaxy population is broadly consistent with observations until z ∼ 10. From z ≈ 10–12, the observations indicate a preference for a galaxy population that is largely dust-free, but is still consistent with the simulations. Beyond z ≳ 12, however, our simulation results underpredict the abundance of luminous galaxies and their star-formation rates by almost an order of magnitude. This indicates either an incomplete understanding of the new JWST data or a need for more sophisticated galaxy formation models that account for additional physical processes such as Population III stars, variable stellar initial mass functions, or even deviations from the standard ΛCDM model. We emphasize that any new process invoked to explain this tension should only significantly influence the galaxy population beyond z ≳ 10, while leaving the successful galaxy formation predictions of the fiducial model intact below this redshift.
Numerical quantification of the wind properties of cool main sequence stars
Authors: Chebly Judy J , Alvarado-Gómez Julián D , Poppenhäger Katja , Garraffo Cecilia 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
As a cool star evolves, it loses mass and angular momentum due to magnetized stellar winds that affect its rotational evolution. This change has consequences that range from the alteration of its activity to influences over the atmosphere of any orbiting planet. Despite their importance, observations constraining the properties of stellar winds in cool stars are extremely limited. Therefore, numerical simulations provide a valuable way to understand the structure and properties of these winds. In this work, we simulate the magnetized winds of 21 cool main-sequence stars (F-type to M-dwarfs) using a state-of-the-art 3D MHD code driven by observed large-scale magnetic field distributions. We perform a qualitative and quantitative characterization of our solutions, analysing the dependencies between the driving conditions (e.g. spectral type, rotation, and magnetic field strength) and the resulting stellar wind parameters (e.g. Alfvén surface size, mass-loss rate, angular momentum loss rate, and stellar wind speeds). We compare our models with the current observational knowledge on stellar winds in cool stars and explore the behaviour of the mass-loss rate as a function of the Rossby number. Furthermore, our 3D models encompass the entire classical Habitable Zones (HZ) of all the stars in our sample. This allows us to provide the stellar wind dynamic pressure at both edges of the HZ and analyse the variations of this parameter across spectral type and orbital inclination. The results here presented could serve to inform future studies of stellar wind-magnetosphere interactions and stellar wind erosion of planetary atmospheres via ion escape processes.
Glycidamide-induced hypermutation in yeast single-stranded DNA reveals a ubiquitous clock-like mutational motif in humans
Authors: Hudson Kathleen M , Klimczak Leszek J , Sterling Joan F , Burkholder Adam B , Kazanov Marat D , Saini Natalie , Mieczkowski Piotr A , Gordenin Dmitry A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Mutagens often prefer specific nucleotides or oligonucleotide motifs that can be revealed by studying the hypermutation spectra in single-stranded (ss) DNA. We utilized a yeast model to explore mutagenesis by glycidamide, a simple epoxide formed endogenously in humans from the environmental toxicant acrylamide. Glycidamide caused ssDNA hypermutation in yeast predominantly in cytosines and adenines. The most frequent mutations in adenines occurred in the nAt→nGt trinucleotide motif. Base substitutions A→G in this motif relied on Rev1 translesion polymerase activity. Inactivating Rev1 did not alter the nAt trinucleotide preference, suggesting it may be an intrinsic specificity of the chemical reaction between glycidamide and adenine in the ssDNA. We found this mutational motif enriched in published sequencing data from glycidamide-treated mouse cells and ubiquitous in human cancers. In cancers, this motif was positively correlated with the single base substitution (SBS) smoking-associated SBS4 signature, with the clock-like signatures SBS1, SBS5, and was strongly correlated with smoking history and with age of tumor donors. Clock-like feature of the motif was also revealed in cells of human skin and brain. Given its pervasiveness, we propose that this mutational motif reflects mutagenic lesions to adenines in ssDNA from a potentially broad range of endogenous and exogenous agents.
Introduction
Authors: Bradley Miriam 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The introduction provides a brief critical analysis of the concept of the humanitarian emergency and of the main types of contemporary humanitarian crisis, namely, disasters, famine, health crises, and conflict and violence. Humanitarian emergencies are invariably at least partially human-made because the impacts of even the most natural phenomena are shaped by the economic, political, and social context. However, the Western public imagination generally does not understand humanitarian emergencies as political in nature, and the complexity of their economic, political, and social causes is rarely well understood. Humanitarian emergencies are socially constructed and viewing a disaster, famine, conflict, or other event through a humanitarian emergency lens implies a particular understanding of the problem and the corresponding solution. Through a process of humanitarianization, certain privileged actors—above all, humanitarian agencies and the media—convince international publics and donors that, as the result of a particular event, a group of people face serious threats to their lives or well-being and that their suffering can, and should, be alleviated by distant others. Often using visual imagery that emphasizes the suffering victim, this process tends to decontextualize and depoliticize. Invoking pity, it mobilizes a charitable response focused on addressing the symptoms rather than the causes of crisis. While the boundaries of what constitutes a humanitarian emergency or response are not entirely clear, the charitable imperative distinguishes humanitarianism from human rights work, with its focus on accountability, and from development programming, with its focus on addressing the structural causes of suffering over the longer term.
Indian Ocean Tsunami, 2004
Authors: Bradley Miriam 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Chapter 7 examines the international humanitarian response to the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, with particular attention to the two worst-affected countries—Indonesia and Sri Lanka. The tsunami was one of the deadliest natural disasters in living memory, and the response from the global public was unprecedented, with many humanitarian agencies receiving more funding than they knew how to spend. The huge amounts of funding were matched by huge numbers of organizations and relief workers arriving in the affected countries, although the need for such a large-scale international response was not self-evident nor grounded in needs assessment. Instead, it reflected preconceptions among international aid agencies and media about humanitarian needs and local capacity and overestimated both the need for emergency assistance and the ability of humanitarian agencies to go beyond that to recovery and rehabilitation. There was a rapid transition from relief to recovery and rehabilitation, which was widely seen as the right thing in principle but as not working so well in practice, raising questions about whether humanitarian agencies are the right actors beyond emergency response. Promises to ‘build back better’ (BBB) went mostly unfulfilled, with replacement assets sometimes poorly targeted and not always appropriate for local conditions, and recovery efforts overall following a technocratic approach which was insensitive to the wider social and economic context and risked exacerbating inequality, poverty, and conflict.