bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing safety in CT-guided lung biopsies: correlation of MinIP imaging with pneumothorax risk prediction
Authors: Brönnimann Michael P. , Manser Leonie , Gebauer Bernhard , Auer Timo A. , Schnapauff Dirk , Collettini Federico , Pöllinger Alexander , Komarek Alois , Krokidis Miltiadis E. , Heverhagen Johannes T. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate whether minimum-intensity projection (MinIP) images could predict complications in CT-guided lung biopsies.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 72 procedures from January 2019 to December 2023, categorizing patients by pneumothorax and the severity of hemorrhage (grade 2 or higher). Radiodensity measurements were performed using lung window (LW) and MinIP (10-mm slab) images. Regions of interest (ROIs) were placed at sites of the lowest density along the biopsy pathway. Absolute values were recorded, categorized by a radiodensity level of −850 HU, and assessed using our bridged radiological observations with measurement-optimized model (BROM-OLB) model with validation from three additional ROIs. Emphysema was visually scored. Statistical analysis included univariate analysis (Fisher’s exact and Mann–Whitney U-tests) and binomial logistic regression to identify confounders.

Results
Lower radiodensity values in MinIP images in the access route, particularly with the BROM-OLB MinIP method, were significantly associated with a higher risk of pneumothorax (5/39, 13% vs 27/33, 82%, p < 0.01; Sensitivity 81.8% and Specificity 87.2%). Pneumothorax was more common with longer procedures (p < 0.05). Lower LW density values correlated with higher pulmonary hemorrhage rates (p < 0.01). Binomial logistic regression identified positive BROM-OLB MinIP results (OR 28.244, 95% CI: 7.675–103.9, p < 0.01) and lower LW density (OR 0.992, 95% CI: 0.985–0.999, p = 0.025) as independent risk factors. The optimal threshold values to predict pneumothorax were −868 HU in MinIP images and −769 HU in LW.

Conclusion
The assessment of MinIP images is superior, and in combination with relative quantitative measurement of radiodensity for access route planning, it can reduce the risk of pneumothorax in CT-guided lung biopsies.

Critical relevance statement
This article critically evaluates the risk factors for complications in CT-guided lung biopsies, highlighting the potential of MinIP images for predicting pneumothorax risk, thereby advancing clinical radiology practices to improve patient safety and reduce healthcare costs.

Key Points

This work investigates if MinIP images efficiently predict CT-guided lung biopsy complications.

MinIP imaging identified higher pneumothorax risk post-CT lung biopsy with superior accuracy.

Our method detects high-risk lung changes linked to pneumothorax without additional software.

Graphical Abstract
Critical reflection on the indication for computed tomography: an interdisciplinary survey of risk and benefit management in patients with sepsis
Authors: Opper Hernando Maria Isabel , Witham Denis , Stahl Ann-Christine , Steinhagen Peter Richard , Angermair Stefan , Bauer Wolfgang , Compton Friederike , Edel Andreas , Kruse Jan Matthias , Kühnle York , Lachmann Gunnar , Marz Susanne , Müller-Redetzky Holger , Nee Jens , Paul Oliver , Praeger Damaris , Skurk Carsten , Stegemann Miriam , Uhrig Alexander , Wolf Stefan , Bolanaki Myrto , Rubarth Kerstin , Seybold Joachim , Zimmermann Elke , Dewey Marc , Pohlan Julian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To survey physicians’ views on the risks and benefits of computed tomography (CT) in the management of septic patients and indications for and contraindications to contrast media use in searching for septic foci.

Methods
A web-based questionnaire was administered to physicians at a large European university medical center in January 2022. A total of 371 questionnaires met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed with physicians’ work experience, workplace, and medical specialty as independent variables. Chi-square tests were used for exploratory analysis.

Results
While physicians with all levels of work experience were included, the largest group (35.0%, n = 130/371) had 3–7 years of experience. Most physicians agreed that the benefits of CT outweigh its potential adverse effects in septic patients (90.5%, n = 336/371). Responders saw the strongest indication for contrast media administration in septic patients for (1) CT examinations of the abdomen (92.7%, n = 333/359) and (2) combined CT examinations of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis (94.1%, n = 337/358). While radiologists were most likely to consider manifest hyperthyroidism an absolute contraindication to contrast media administration (43.8%, n = 14/32), most other groups of physicians opted for appropriate preparation before contrast media administration in this subset of septic patients.

Conclusion
In this survey, most participating physicians considered CT an essential diagnostic modality to detect an infectious focus in septic patients. Whereas the risk of ionizing radiation was regarded as justifiable by most physicians, different specialties varied in their assessment of the risks of contrast media administration.

Key Points

Physicians recognize CT as a relevant imaging modality in the diagnostic management of patients with sepsis.

There is an interdisciplinary consensus that the use of ionizing radiation is justified in septic patients.

There is disagreement about indications for and contraindications to contrast media administration among physicians from different medical specialties.

Graphical Abstract
Uncomplicated Amyand’s hernia in a setting of abdominal wall insufficiency: a case report
Authors: Upadrasta Vasishtha Avadhani , Koul Avinash , Chauhan Vikrant Singh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Amyand’s hernia, an uncommon condition characterized by the presence of the appendix within an inguinal hernial sac (< 1% incidence), poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Often it is an intraoperative finding, with almost no clinical symptoms.

Case presentation
This is a case of an Indian male in his early 80 years, diagnosed with bilateral direct inguinal hernias, one of which contained a noninflamed appendix. Given the thinned out abdominal wall, dense adhesions, and no demarcation between layers, the decision to proceed with a modified Bassini’s with Lichtenstein mesh repair without appendectomy, guided by intraoperative findings and the Losanoff–Basson Classification, reflecting the complex interplay between individual patient factors and intraoperative considerations. The patient did well during his postoperative stay and was in good health on a 45 day follow-up, with no complaints suggestive of recurrence or obstruction.

Conclusion
This case underscores the importance of tailored management strategies and highlights, especially in cases where recurrence and postoperative wall integrity are in question, the ongoing need for research to refine treatment guidelines for Amyand's hernia, especially in cases of appendicitis not diagnosed preoperatively.
Fragmenstein: predicting protein–ligand structures of compounds derived from known crystallographic fragment hits using a strict conserved-binding–based methodology
Authors: Ferla Matteo P. , Sánchez-García Rubén , Skyner Rachael E. , Gahbauer Stefan , Taylor Jenny C. , von Delft Frank , Marsden Brian D. , Deane Charlotte M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Current strategies centred on either merging or linking initial hits from fragment-based drug design (FBDD) crystallographic screens generally do not fully leaverage 3D structural information. We show that an algorithmic approach (Fragmenstein) that ‘stitches’ the ligand atoms from this structural information together can provide more accurate and reliable predictions for protein–ligand complex conformation than general methods such as pharmacophore-constrained docking. This approach works under the assumption of conserved binding: when a larger molecule is designed containing the initial fragment hit, the common substructure between the two will adopt the same binding mode. Fragmenstein either takes the atomic coordinates of ligands from a experimental fragment screen and combines the atoms together to produce a novel merged virtual compound, or uses them to predict the bound complex for a provided molecule. The molecule is then energy minimised under strong constraints to obtain a structurally plausible conformer. The code is available at https://github.com/oxpig/Fragmenstein.

Scientific contribution

This work shows the importance of using the coordinates of known binders when predicting the conformation of derivative molecules through a retrospective analysis of the COVID Moonshot data. This method has had a prior real-world application in hit-to-lead screening, yielding a sub-micromolar merger from parent hits in a single round. It is therefore likely to further benefit future drug design campaigns and be integrated in future pipelines.

Graphical Abstract
Scoring of swine lung images: a comparison between a computer vision system and human evaluators
Authors: Valeris-Chacin Robert , Garcia-Morante Beatriz , Sibila Marina , Canturri Albert , Ballarà Rodriguez Isaac , Bernal Orozco Ignacio , Jordà Casadevall Ramon , Muñoz Pedro , Pieters Maria 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cranioventral pulmonary consolidation (CVPC) is a common lesion observed in the lungs of slaughtered pigs, often associated with Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae infection. There is a need to implement simple, fast, and valid CVPC scoring methods. Therefore, this study aimed to compare CVPC scores provided by a computer vision system (CVS; AI DIAGNOS) from lung images obtained at slaughter, with scores assigned by human evaluators. In addition, intra- and inter-evaluator variability were assessed and compared to intra-CVS variability. A total of 1050 dorsal view images of swine lungs were analyzed. Total lung lesion score, lesion score per lung lobe, and percentage of affected lung area were employed as outcomes for the evaluation. The CVS showed moderate accuracy (62–71%) in discriminating between non-lesioned and lesioned lung lobes in all but the diaphragmatic lobes. A low multiclass classification accuracy at the lung lobe level (24–36%) was observed. A moderate to high inter-evaluator variability was noticed depending on the lung lobe, as shown by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC: 0.29–0.6). The intra-evaluator variability was low and similar among the different outcomes and lung lobes, although the observed ICC slightly differed among evaluators. In contrast, the CVS scoring was identical per lobe per image. The results of this study suggest that the CVS AI DIAGNOS could be used as an alternative to the manual scoring of CVPC during slaughter inspections due to its accuracy in binary classification and its perfect consistency in the scoring.
Implementation strategies: lessons learned during an e-learning intervention to improve dietary behaviors and feeding practices in early childhood education and care
Authors: Lian Henrik , Øverby Nina Cecilie , Vik Frøydis Nordgård , Medin Anine Christine , Osorio Natalie Garzon , Helle Christine , Bjørkkjær Tormod , Love Penelope , Rutter Harry , Barker Mary Elizabeth , Hillesund Elisabet Rudjord , Helland Sissel Heidi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) centers play an important role in fostering healthy dietary habits. The Nutrition Now project focusing on improving dietary habits during the first 1000 days of life. Central to the project is the implementation of an e-learning resource aimed at promoting feeding practices among staff and healthy dietary behaviours for children aged 0–3 years in ECEC. Implementing new interventions often presents challenges. This study explores ECEC staff views and experiences with selected strategies for implementing an e-learning resource in ECEC centers in a municipality in Southern Norway.

Methods
The study is a part of the Nutrition Now study, a hybrid type 1 non-randomized controlled trial. The implementation process followed the Dynamic Integrated Evaluation Model (DIEM). Implementation strategies were selected from the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) project and included identify and prepare champions, conduct educational meetings, distribute educational materials, create a learning collaborative, and remind clinicians. ECEC teachers from participating ECEC centers in the intervention municipality were recruited as champions. Brief (5–7 min minutes), semi-structured phone interviews, covering key points, were conducted with the champions 8 times, evenly distributed over six months. The interviews were analysed using qualitative thematic analysis.

Results
In total, 29 of the invited ECEC centers (53%) participated, and 260 brief interviews (88%) were conducted with champions (n = 37). An evaluation of the feedback from the champions suggests that the five selected implementation strategies were acceptable. Five main themes were developed by qualitative analysis: 1) Being a champion resembles what I already do. 2) Educational meetings are fine but take time. I prefer when peers share experiences. 3) Newsletters were helpful and reminded me, but I do not always have enough time to read. 4) Evaluations have increased my awareness, and we do them informally and formally. 5) The regular phone calls reminded me I could receive support and express my opinion.

Conclusion
This study’s findings suggest that several implementation strategies are acceptable for stakeholders in an ECEC e-learning healthy eating intervention. However, time constraints among champions may hinder deep engagement. These results provide valuable insights into how the selected implementation strategies may function in practice and how they are perceived and experienced by the ECECs staff.

Trial registration
Trial registration on June 6, 2022: ISRCTN10694967.
Risk prediction tools for pressure injury occurrence: an umbrella review of systematic reviews reporting model development and validation methods
Authors: Hillier Bethany , Scandrett Katie , Coombe April , Hernandez-Boussard Tina , Steyerberg Ewout , Takwoingi Yemisi , Velickovic Vladica , Dinnes Jacqueline 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Pressure injuries (PIs) place a substantial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Risk stratification of those who are at risk of developing PIs allows preventive interventions to be focused on patients who are at the highest risk. The considerable number of risk assessment scales and prediction models available underscores the need for a thorough evaluation of their development, validation, and clinical utility.
Our objectives were to identify and describe available risk prediction tools for PI occurrence, their content and the development and validation methods used.

Methods
The umbrella review was conducted according to Cochrane guidance. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, EPISTEMONIKOS, Google Scholar, and reference lists were searched to identify relevant systematic reviews. The risk of bias was assessed using adapted AMSTAR-2 criteria. Results were described narratively. All included reviews contributed to building a comprehensive list of risk prediction tools.

Results
We identified 32 eligible systematic reviews only seven of which described the development and validation of risk prediction tools for PI. Nineteen reviews assessed the prognostic accuracy of the tools and 11 assessed clinical effectiveness. Of the seven reviews reporting model development and validation, six included only machine learning models. Two reviews included external validations of models, although only one review reported any details on external validation methods or results. This was also the only review to report measures of both discrimination and calibration. Five reviews presented measures of discrimination, such as the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivities, specificities, F1 scores, and G-means. For the four reviews that assessed the risk of bias assessment using the PROBAST tool, all models but one were found to be at high or unclear risk of bias.

Conclusions
Available tools do not meet current standards for the development or reporting of risk prediction models. The majority of tools have not been externally validated. Standardised and rigorous approaches to risk prediction model development and validation are needed.

Trial registration
The protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/tepyk).
Implication of the endogenous midgut microbiota on cell genotoxicity and biological fitness of Culex pipiens complex (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Fouaad Alaa , Rashdan Nagwa A. , Gabre Refaat M. , Abdel-Samie Emtithal M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background

Culex pipiens is one of the most important mosquito transmitter of diseases that attains its greatest impact as a vector through spreading out several serious arboviral, protozoal and filarial diseases. Furthermore, it is a native in Europe, Asia and Africa.

Results
The current study aimed to find a new mosquito biocontrol agents through using the isolated endogenous midgut microbiota, Atlantibacter hermannii, Klebsiella sp. and Enterobacter cloacae, that were isolated from Culex pipiens complex females’ gut. The genotoxical effect of the isolated bacteria was estimated through using alkaline comet assay and related to the impact on mosquito longevity and reproductive potential that might be observed. A distinguish increase in cell DNA damage accompanied with an outstanding effect on life span and reproductive fitness was clear in case of vectors under investigation.

Conclusions
Data in this research suggest the use of the endogenous bacteria as a potential control techniques that could be integrated in to the environmentally friendly mosquito control strategies.
Functional and aesthetic outcomes of alar base reduction
Authors: Ali Abd ELAziz Ali Fahem , Shehata Emad Mohammed , Hegazy Hassan Mustafa , Ebeid Kamal Abd Elmonem 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The surgical step of alar base reduction (ABR) is often done as the last stage of rhinoplasty surgery. However, it may also be done independently if the main concern is alar flare. This work was designed to assess the functional as well as aesthetic results among cases who undergo ABR which is so important to find out a better way to increase the functional, aesthetic consequences of patients.

Methods
This prospective study included 20 consecutive cases arranged for reduction rhinoplasty. All cases were categorized into three groups: group A (n = 6): patients with thick alar base had ABR, group B (n = 5): patients with wide nostrils had nostril size reduction, and group C (n = 9): patients with thick alar base with wide nostrils had combined alar base and nostril size reduction.

Results
Regarding nasal score post 1 month, levels of trouble sleeping, unable to get enough air through my nose during exercise, and total nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) score was significantly different among all groups. Regarding nasal score post 3 month, trouble sleeping, unable to get enough air through my nose during exercise, and total NOSE score showed a significant variance among all groups (p < 0.05). Regarding standardized cosmesis and health nasal outcomes survey (SCHNOS) score post 1 month, breathing through my nose during sleep and how well my nose suits my face were significantly different among all groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Effectiveness of ABR in improving nasal function and alleviating symptoms associated with congestion, blockage, and trouble breathing. The procedure resulted in significant improvements in various dimensions, including nasal breathing during sleep, mood, self-esteem related to the nose, and overall symmetry of the nose, as assessed by the SCHNOS score.
Healthy at home for COPD: an integrated digital monitoring, treatment, and pulmonary rehabilitation intervention
Authors: O’Connor Laurel , Behar Stephanie , Tarrant Seanan , Stamegna Pamela , Pretz Caitlin , Wang Biqi , Savage Brandon , Scornavacca Thomas , Shirshac Jeanne , Wilkie Tracey , Hyder Michael , Zai Adrian , Toomey Shaun , Mullen Marie , Fisher Kimberly , Tigas Emil , Wong Steven , McManus David D. , Alper Eric , Lindenauer Peter K. , Dickson Eric , Broach John P. , Kheterpal Vik , Soni Apurv 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Frequent exacerbations result in higher use of emergency services and hospitalizations, leading to poor patient outcomes and high costs. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of a multimodal, community-based intervention in treating acute COPD exacerbations.

Results
Over 18 months, 1,333 patients were approached and 100 (7.5%) were enrolled (mean age 66, 52% female). Ninety-six participants (96%) remained in the study for the full enrollment period. Fifty-five (55%) participated in tele-pulmonary-rehabilitation. Participants wore the smartwatch for a median of 114 days (IQR 30–210) and 18.9 h/day (IQR16-20) resulting in a median of 1034 min/day (IQR 939–1133). The rate at which participants completed scheduled survey instruments ranged from 78–93%. Nearly all participants (85%) performed COPD ecological momentary assessment at least once with a median of 4.85 recordings during study participation. On average, a 2.48-point improvement (p = 0.03) in COPD Assessment Test Score was observed from baseline to study completion. The adherence and symptom improvement metrics were not associated with baseline patient activation measures.

Conclusions
A multimodal intervention combining preventative care, symptom and biometric monitoring, and MIH services was feasible in adults living with COPD. Participants demonstrated high protocol fidelity and engagement and reported improved quality of life.

Trial Registration
The study is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov NCT06000696 (Registered on 08/14/2023).