bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Unforeseen Developments’ Before and AfterUS – Safeguard Measure on PV Products: High Standard or New Standard?
Authors: Zhou Weihuan , Fang Mandy Meng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper offers a comprehensive study of the jurisprudence on the ‘as a result of unforeseen developments’ test under the WTO's safeguards (SG) rules. It contributes to the existing scholarship by making three fresh arguments. First, the Appellate Body's decision to ‘revive’ this test as a prerequisite for the application of SG measures is not necessarily incompatible with the drafting record of the SG Agreement, even though this agreement does not make explicit reference to the test. Second, the test is not excessively difficult to satisfy under the standard of review established by case law, even though governments failed to pass it in almost all SG disputes to date. Third, in sharp contrast, the recentUS–Safeguard Measure on PV Productsdecision took a strikingly more deferential approach which fell far short of the established standard of review, leading to the first and only decision in which the test was found to be satisfied. This decision has arguably created a new standard which could lead to abuse of SG measures and damage to the dispute settlement system and hence should be avoided in future disputes.
Which civil religion? Partisanship, Christian nationalism, and the dimensions of civil religion in the United States
Authors: Vegter Abigail , Lewis Andrew R. , Bolin Cammie Jo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCivil religion has been described as the “common elements of religious orientation that the great majority of Americans share”. In an age of partisan division, there have been calls for a revitalized civil religion, but the idea that civil religion can be unifying has been debated. In this paper, we investigate whether civil religion can be unifying, or is it fractured by partisanship? To address this, we use two strategies. First, we created a civil religion battery and deployed it on two different cross-sectional surveys. The results indicate that there are two dimensions to civil religion. These dimensions are distinct from Christian nationalism and structured along partisan lines. Second, we developed two survey experiments to understand the dimensions of civil religion and improve on the causal mechanisms that link civil religion to political behavior. Results indicate that, rather than promoting unity, civil religion is interpreted through partisan lenses.
Impact of Parameterized Topographic Drag on a Simulated Northeast China Cold Vortex
Authors: Xu Xin , Li Mingshan , Zhong Shuixin , Wang Yuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNortheast China cold vortex (NECV) is the major influencing weather system in northern China. Yet the impacts of complex terrain on the evolution of NECV remains poorly understood. This work studies the influence of subgrid orographic drag (SOD) on a heavy‐rain‐producing NECV occurred in July 2011 using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. A series of numerical experiments are conducted with different parameterizations of SOD including turbulent orographic form drag (TOFD), flow blocking drag (FBD), and mountain wave drag (MWD). Results show that the NECV intensity is overestimated in the absence of SOD parameterization, accompanied with too‐low geopotential height (GPH) and too‐strong horizontal winds. The parameterization of TOFD can significantly decelerate the 10‐m winds, whereas the FBD and MWD play a minor role. However, the influence of TOFD is overwhelmed by FBD and MWD in the troposphere, especially the latter. This implies that the breaking of mountain waves play a more important role in weakening the NECV than the low‐level flow blocking. The lower‐tropospheric MWD directly weakens the convergence and ascent motion of the NECV, producing an anti‐cyclonic circulation that uplifts the GPH under the constraint of quasi‐geostrophic vertical vorticity. This MWD‐induced circulation indirectly weakens the NECV in the mid‐upper troposphere by producing a warm advection that counters the low‐level cold advection to the southwest of the NECV. The findings provide useful insights into the impacts of complex terrain on the NECV and highlight the importance of topographic drag parameterization in the simulation and short‐range forecast of NECV.
Biomass Burning Is a Non‐Negligible Source for Ammonium During Winter Haze Episodes in Rural North China: Evidence From High Time Resolution 15N‐Stable Isotope
Authors: Feng Xinxin , Chen Yingjun , Du Huiyun , Feng Yanli , Mu Yujing , Chen Jianmin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe refined source apportionment of ammonium (NH4+), especially for biomass burning emissions, is unclear. Hourly resolution δ15N‐NH4+ values for three winter haze episodes (EP1–EP3) were determined in the North China Plain (NCP) in 2019 to identify and quantify the contribution of biomass burning. A reasonable source‐resolved structure of NH4+ was obtained after using the corrected source signatures of 15N and considering biomass burning emissions. The time‐series variation in biomass burning and vehicle sources identified by δ15N was more reasonable and matched better with their tracers (e.g., levoglucosan). The non‐negligible contribution of biomass burning in the NCP was found and contributed 13.0% ± 11.4% to NH4+ in haze episodes, but in special stages was as high as 29% ± 11% in local emission of EP1 and 23% ± 15% in southwest transportation of EP2. The redistribution of NH4+ sources further emphasize the contribution of biomass burning to haze episodes, as its contribution to PM2.5 increased up to 5% (without considering SO42− and NO3−). Considering NH4+ uniqueness in the formation of new particles, the role of biomass burning during haze episodes should be considered. This study indicates that further studies need to be conducted to reduce biomass burning emissions in the NCP.
Placental syndromes and long-term risk of hypertension
Authors: Fraser Abigail , Catov Janet M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHigher blood pressure prior to pregnancy is associated with increased risk of placental abruption, hypertension and preeclampsia, preterm delivery and fetal growth restriction. These conditions are jointly termed placental syndromes as they are characterised by impaired placentation and early placental vascularization. Placental syndromes are associated with an increased maternal risk of progression to hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in later life. Women affected by both a clinical placental syndrome and with evidence of placental maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) have a particularly high risk of hypertension and CVD. Yet whether placental impairment and clinical syndromes are causes or consequences of higher blood pressure in women remains unclear. In this review, we address the relationship between blood pressure and maternal health in pregnancy. We conclude that there is a pressing need for studies with a range of detailed measures of cardiac and vascular structure and function taken before, during and after pregnancy to solve the ‘chicken and egg’ puzzle of women’s blood pressure and pregnancy health, and to inform effective precision medicine prevention and treatment of both placental syndromes and chronic hypertension in women.
Label-free imaging of red blood cells and oxygenation with color third-order sum-frequency generation microscopy
Authors: Ferrer Ortas Júlia , Mahou Pierre , Escot Sophie , Stringari Chiara , David Nicolas B. , Bally-Cuif Laure , Dray Nicolas , Négrerie Michel , Supatto Willy , Beaurepaire Emmanuel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMapping red blood cells (RBCs) flow and oxygenation is of key importance for analyzing brain and tissue physiology. Current microscopy methods are limited either in sensitivity or in spatio-temporal resolution. In this work, we introduce a novel approach based on label-free third-order sum-frequency generation (TSFG) and third-harmonic generation (THG) contrasts. First, we propose a novel experimental scheme for color TSFG microscopy, which provides simultaneous measurements at several wavelengths encompassing the Soret absorption band of hemoglobin. We show that there is a strong three-photon (3P) resonance related to the Soret band of hemoglobin in THG and TSFG signals from zebrafish and human RBCs, and that this resonance is sensitive to RBC oxygenation state. We demonstrate that our color TSFG implementation enables specific detection of flowing RBCs in zebrafish embryos and is sensitive to RBC oxygenation dynamics with single-cell resolution and microsecond pixel times. Moreover, it can be implemented on a 3P microscope and provides label-free RBC-specific contrast at depths exceeding 600 µm in live adult zebrafish brain. Our results establish a new multiphoton contrast extending the palette of deep-tissue microscopy.
Perceptions of a self-guided web-based exercise programme for shoulder pain after spinal cord injury: A qualitative study
Authors: Stavric Verna , Saywell Nicola L. , Kayes Nicola M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Study design
Qualitative study.

Objectives
The benefits of exercise to reduce shoulder pain in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) are well documented. Digital health interventions offer a potential solution to overcome barriers to access rehabilitation support for exercise. The aim of this project was to gain people’s perspectives to inform the development of a self-guided web-based exercise intervention. Shoulder Pain Intervention delivered over the interNet (SPIN) is a self-guided web-based intervention to prescribe, monitor, and progress evidence-based exercises for people living with SCI and shoulder pain.

Setting
Community in Auckland, New Zealand.

Methods
The Person-Based Approach was used as the framework. Using an Interpretive Descriptive methodology, data were collected in individual and focus group interviews, exploring participants’ perceptions of this intervention idea. Data were analysed using conventional content analysis.

Results
Sixteen participants took part and asked Is it right for me?. This had three main sub-themes. Should I use it?, whether I believe it will work for me right now; Can I use it?, whether I can operate the intervention competently and confidently and Will I use it?, whether it will be responsive to my unique needs, and keep me coming back.

Conclusions
Participants expressed their expectations and tipping points when considering using an intervention like this. These findings will inform and guide design and development of an acceptable technology-based intervention to increase the likelihood of engagement with a self-guided web-based exercise programme. The model developed from these themes could be used to inform future self-guided intervention development.
A truncated and catalytically inactive isoform of KDM5B histone demethylase accumulates in breast cancer cells and regulates H3K4 tri-methylation and gene expression
Authors: Di Nisio Elena , Licursi Valerio , Mannironi Cecilia , Buglioni Valentina , Paiardini Alessandro , Robusti Giulia , Noberini Roberta , Bonaldi Tiziana , Negri Rodolfo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractKDM5B histone demethylase is overexpressed in many cancers and plays an ambivalent role in oncogenesis, depending on the specific context. This ambivalence could be explained by the expression of KDM5B protein isoforms with diverse functional roles, which could be present at different levels in various cancer cell lines. We show here that one of these isoforms, namely KDM5B-NTT, accumulates in breast cancer cell lines due to remarkable protein stability relative to the canonical PLU-1 isoform, which shows a much faster turnover. This isoform is the truncated and catalytically inactive product of an mRNA with a transcription start site downstream of the PLU-1 isoform, and the consequent usage of an alternative ATG for translation initiation. It also differs from the PLU-1 transcript in the inclusion of an additional exon (exon-6), previously attributed to other putative isoforms. Overexpression of this isoform in MCF7 cells leads to an increase in bulk H3K4 methylation and induces derepression of a gene cluster, including the tumor suppressor Cav1 and several genes involved in the interferon-alpha and -gamma response. We discuss the relevance of this finding considering the hypothesis that KDM5B may possess regulatory roles independent of its catalytic activity.
Mapping lesion-specific response and progression dynamics and inter-organ variability in metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhou Jiawei , Cipriani Amber , Liu Yutong , Fang Gang , Li Quefeng , Cao Yanguang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAchieving systemic tumor control across metastases is vital for long-term patient survival but remains intractable in many patients. High lesion-level response heterogeneity persists, conferring many dissociated responses across metastatic lesions. Most studies of metastatic disease focus on tumor molecular and cellular features, which are crucial to elucidating the mechanisms underlying lesion-level variability. However, our understanding of lesion-specific heterogeneity on the macroscopic level, such as lesion dynamics in growth, response, and progression during treatment, remains rudimentary. This study investigates lesion-specific response heterogeneity through analyzing 116,542 observations of 40,612 lesions in 4,308 metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. Despite significant differences in their response and progression dynamics, metastatic lesions converge on four phenotypes that vary with anatomical site. Importantly, we find that organ-level progression sequence is closely associated with patient long-term survival, and that patients with the first lesion progression in the liver often have worse survival. In conclusion, our study provides insights into lesion-specific response and progression heterogeneity in mCRC and creates impetus for metastasis-specific therapeutics.
Evolution of giant pandoravirus revealed by CRISPR/Cas9
Authors: Bisio Hugo , Legendre Matthieu , Giry Claire , Philippe Nadege , Alempic Jean-Marie , Jeudy Sandra , Abergel Chantal 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGiant viruses (GVs) are a hotspot of unresolved controversies since their discovery, including the definition of “Virus” and their origin. While increasing knowledge of genome diversity has accumulated, GV functional genomics was largely neglected. Here, we describe an experimental framework to genetically modify nuclear GVs and their host Acanthamoeba castellanii using CRISPR/Cas9, shedding light on the evolution from small icosahedral viruses to amphora-shaped GVs. Ablation of the icosahedral major capsid protein in the phylogenetically-related mollivirus highlights a transition in virion shape and size. We additionally demonstrate the existence of a reduced core essential genome in pandoravirus, reminiscent of their proposed smaller ancestors. This proposed genetic expansion led to increased genome robustness, indicating selective pressures for adaptation to uncertain environments. Overall, we introduce new tools for manipulation of the unexplored genome of nuclear GVs and provide experimental evidence suggesting that viral gigantism has aroused as an emerging trait.
Regions of hepatitis C virus E2 required for membrane association
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Rohe Tiana C. , Elrod Elizabeth J. , Khan Abdul G. , Dearborn Altaira D. , Kissinger Ryan , Grakoui Arash , Marcotrigiano Joseph 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) uses a hybrid entry mechanism. Current structural data suggest that upon exposure to low pH and Cluster of Differentiation 81 (CD81), the amino terminus of envelope glycoprotein E2 becomes ordered and releases an internal loop with two invariant aromatic residues into the host membrane. Here, we present the structure of an amino-terminally truncated E2 with the membrane binding loop in a bent conformation and the aromatic side chains sequestered. Comparison with three previously reported E2 structures with the same Fab indicates that this internal loop is flexible, and that local context influences the exposure of hydrophobic residues. Biochemical assays show that the amino-terminally truncated E2 lacks the baseline membrane-binding capacity of the E2 ectodomain. Thus, the amino terminal region is a critical determinant for both CD81 and membrane interaction. These results provide new insights into the HCV entry mechanism.
Cross center single-cell RNA sequencing study of the immune microenvironment in rapid progressing multiple myeloma
Authors: Pilcher William , Thomas Beena E. , Bhasin Swati S. , Jayasinghe Reyka G. , Yao Lijun , Gonzalez-Kozlova Edgar , Dasari Surendra , Kim-Schulze Seunghee , Rahman Adeeb , Patton Jonathan , Fiala Mark , Cheloni Giulia , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Dhodapkar Madhav V. , Vij Ravi , Mehr Shaadi , Hamilton Mark , Cho Hearn Jay , Auclair Daniel , Avigan David E. , Kumar Shaji K. , Gnjatic Sacha , Ding Li , Bhasin Manoj 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite advancements in understanding the pathophysiology of Multiple Myeloma (MM), the cause of rapid progressing disease in a subset of patients is still unclear. MM’s progression is facilitated by complex interactions with the surrounding bone marrow (BM) cells, forming a microenvironment that supports tumor growth and drug resistance. Understanding the immune microenvironment is key to identifying factors that promote rapid progression of MM. To accomplish this, we performed a multi-center single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) study on 102,207 cells from 48 CD138- BM samples collected at the time of disease diagnosis from 18 patients with either rapid progressing (progression-free survival (PFS) < 18 months) or non-progressing (PFS > 4 years) disease. Comparative analysis of data from three centers demonstrated similar transcriptome profiles and cell type distributions, indicating subtle technical variation in scRNA-seq, opening avenues for an expanded multicenter trial. Rapid progressors depicted significantly higher enrichment of GZMK+ and TIGIT+ exhausted CD8+ T-cells (P = 0.022) along with decreased expression of cytolytic markers (PRF1, GZMB, GNLY). We also observed a significantly higher enrichment of M2 tolerogenic macrophages in rapid progressors and activation of pro-proliferative signaling pathways, such as BAFF, CCL, and IL16. On the other hand, non-progressive patients depicted higher enrichment for immature B Cells (i.e., Pre/Pro B cells), with elevated expression for markers of B cell development (IGLL1, SOX4, DNTT). This multi-center study identifies the enrichment of various pro-tumorigenic cell populations and pathways in those with rapid progressing disease and further validates the robustness of scRNA-seq data generated at different study centers.
Neutron star mass estimates from gamma-ray eclipses in spider millisecond pulsar binaries
Authors: Clark C. J. , Kerr M. , Barr E. D. , Bhattacharyya B. , Breton R. P. , Bruel P. , Camilo F. , Chen W. , Cognard I. , Cromartie H. T. , Deneva J. , Dhillon V. S. , Guillemot L. , Kennedy M. R. , Kramer M. , Lyne A. G. , Sánchez D. Mata , Nieder L. , Phillips C. , Ransom S. M. , Ray P. S. , Roberts M. S. E. , Roy J. , Smith D. A. , Spiewak R. , Stappers B. W. , Tabassum S. , Theureau G. , Voisin G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractReliable neutron star mass measurements are key to determining the equation of state of cold nuclear matter, but such measurements are rare. Black widows and redbacks are compact binaries consisting of millisecond pulsars and semi-degenerate companion stars. Spectroscopy of the optically bright companions can determine their radial velocities, providing inclination-dependent pulsar mass estimates. Although inclinations can be inferred from subtle features in optical light curves, such estimates may be systematically biased due to incomplete heating models and poorly understood variability. Using data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope, we have searched for gamma-ray eclipses from 49 spider systems, discovering significant eclipses in 7 systems, including the prototypical black widow PSR B1957+20. Gamma-ray eclipses require direct occultation of the pulsar by the companion, and so the detection, or significant exclusion, of a gamma-ray eclipse strictly limits the binary inclination angle, providing new robust, model-independent pulsar mass constraints. For PSR B1957+20, the eclipse implies a much lighter pulsar (1.81 ± 0.07 solar masses) than inferred from optical light curve modelling.
A symbolic Neanderthal accumulation of large herbivore crania
Authors: Baquedano Enrique , Arsuaga Juan L. , Pérez-González Alfredo , Laplana César , Márquez Belén , Huguet Rosa , Gómez-Soler Sandra , Villaescusa Lucía , Galindo-Pellicena M. Ángeles , Rodríguez Laura , García-González Rebeca , Ortega M.-Cruz , Martín-Perea David M. , Ortega Ana I. , Hernández-Vivanco Lucía , Ruiz-Liso Gonzalo , Gómez-Hernanz Juan , Alonso-Martín José I. , Abrunhosa Ana , Moclán Abel , Casado Ana I. , Vegara-Riquelme Marina , Álvarez-Fernández Ana , Domínguez-García Ángel C. , Álvarez-Lao Diego J. , García Nuria , Sevilla Paloma , Blain Hugues-Alexandre , Ruiz-Zapata Blanca , Gil-García M. José , Álvarez-Vena Adrián , Sanz Teresa , Quam Rolf , Higham Tom 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis work examines the possible behaviour of Neanderthal groups at the Cueva Des-Cubierta (central Spain) via the analysis of the latter’s archaeological assemblage. Alongside evidence of Mousterian lithic industry, Level 3 of the cave infill was found to contain an assemblage of mammalian bone remains dominated by the crania of large ungulates, some associated with small hearths. The scarcity of post-cranial elements, teeth, mandibles and maxillae, along with evidence of anthropogenic modification of the crania (cut and percussion marks), indicates that the carcasses of the corresponding animals were initially processed outside the cave, and the crania were later brought inside. A second round of processing then took place, possibly related to the removal of the brain. The continued presence of crania throughout Level 3 indicates that this behaviour was recurrent during this level’s formation. This behaviour seems to have no subsistence-related purpose but to be more symbolic in its intent.
Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy with enhanced axial resolution
Authors: Li Xuesong , Wu Yicong , Su Yijun , Rey-Suarez Ivan , Matthaeus Claudia , Updegrove Taylor B. , Wei Zhuang , Zhang Lixia , Sasaki Hideki , Li Yue , Guo Min , Giannini John P. , Vishwasrao Harshad D. , Chen Jiji , Lee Shih-Jong J. , Shao Lin , Liu Huafeng , Ramamurthi Kumaran S. , Taraska Justin W. , Upadhyaya Arpita , La Riviere Patrick , Shroff Hari 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe axial resolution of three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D SIM) is limited to ∼300 nm. Here we present two distinct, complementary methods to improve axial resolution in 3D SIM with minimal or no modification to the optical system. We show that placing a mirror directly opposite the sample enables four-beam interference with higher spatial frequency content than 3D SIM illumination, offering near-isotropic imaging with ∼120-nm lateral and 160-nm axial resolution. We also developed a deep learning method achieving ∼120-nm isotropic resolution. This method can be combined with denoising to facilitate volumetric imaging spanning dozens of timepoints. We demonstrate the potential of these advances by imaging a variety of cellular samples, delineating the nanoscale distribution of vimentin and microtubule filaments, observing the relative positions of caveolar coat proteins and lysosomal markers and visualizing cytoskeletal dynamics within T cells in the early stages of immune synapse formation.