bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of parental and practitioner’s acceptance for dental treatment under general anaesthesia in paediatric patients
Authors: Djalali Talab Yassamin , Geibel Margrit-Ann 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPractitioner’s knowledge and parental perspectives on dental general anaesthesia (GA) have been surveyed separately in the past. But in daily routine both need to collaborate for the benefit of the child. The aim of this paper was to compare parental and practitioner’s acceptance of GA with special focus on identifying factors which influence their differences in decision making.MethodsQuestionnaires were conducted among 142 participants in a specialized paediatric dental clinic in Germany from February 2020 to February 2021. 51 German practitioners from private practices and clinics participated. Data collection included: age, gender, experience with GA, fear of GA, risk evaluation and indications for GA.ResultsThere were no gender related differences in decision making. Emotional factors are present in parents of younger children. Parents are more likely to express fear and uncertainty regarding GA than dentists. Prior experience with GA significantly decreases fears in GA for parents. Both agree that extent of the treatment and low compliance are a suitable indication for GA. Dentists are more likely to accept GA due to a mental disability than parents. Parents were more likely to accept GA than dentists when multiple extractions were needed (regardless of compliance) or acute pain was present.ConclusionsA significant divergence in risk evaluation, acceptance and decision-making could be found in parents compared to dentists. Influencing factors are previous experience, younger age of the child, lack of knowledge and indication for GA.
Attitudes towards schizophrenia and associated factors among community members in Hossana town: a mixed method study
Authors: Shanko Ayano , Abute Lonsako , Tamirat Temesgen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundMental health disorders have been identified as being one of the public health issues throughout the world. More than 24 million people worldwide suffer from schizophrenia. However, there is little information about the attitude toward people with Schizophrenia in Ethiopia.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess attitudes toward people with Schizophrenia and associated factors among residents of Hossana town, Southern Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with qualitative and quantitative data collection approaches among 417 households and three FGDs. The interviewer-administered standard tool was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics like frequency, mean, and median are computed. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors affecting community perception and attitude toward people with schizophrenia.ResultsOf the study participants, 194 (46.5%) had positive attitudes toward people with schizophrenia. Eccentric behavior and wandering were the most commonly mentioned manifestation. Besides, Substance misuse, loss of loved ones, and conflict with family as the perceived cause, and spiritual or traditional methods as the preferred treatment for people with schizophrenia. Moreover, participants with no family history of schizophrenia were six times [6.3(2.55–15.77)] more likely to develop a negative attitude towards schizophrenia than those with a family history of schizophrenia.ConclusionIn this study, the findings of this study indicate more than half of the participants had a negative attitude toward people with schizophrenia.Eccentric behavior and wandering were the most commonly mentioned manifestation. Substance misuse, loss of loved ones, and conflict with family have been perceived causes of schizophrenia. Spiritual/traditional places were preferred places for the treatment. Having a family history of schizophrenia was the only factor associated with attitude towards schizophrenia. Therefore, due attention should be given to changing negative attitudes towards schizophrenia, reducing potential schizophrenia-predisposing factors, and enhancing community awareness to seek medical help as early as possible when such kinds of events occur.
Episodic future thinking and compassion reduce non-compliance urges regarding public health guidelines: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: van Baal Simon T. , Verdejo-García Antonio , Hohwy Jakob 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeople often feel urges to engage in activities that violate pandemic public health guidelines. Research on these urges has been reliant on measures of typical behaviour, which fail to capture these urges as they unfold. Guideline adherence could be improved through interventions, but few methods allow for ecologically valid observation of the range of behaviours that pandemic guidelines prescribe.MethodsIn this preregistered parallel randomised trial, 95 participants aged 18–65 from the UK were assigned to three groups using blinded block randomisation, and engaged in episodic future thinking (n = 33), compassion exercises (n = 31), or a control procedure (n = 31). Following an ecological momentary assessment procedure, participants report on the intensity of their occurrent urges (min. 1, max. 10) and their ability to control them. The study further investigates whether, and through which mechanism, state impulsivity and vaccine attitudes affect guideline adherence.ResultsEpisodic future thinking (b = -1.80) and compassion exercises (b = -1.45) reduced the intensity of urges. State impulsivity is associated with stronger urges, but we found no evidence that vaccine hesitancy predicts lesser self-control.ConclusionsWe conclude that episodic future thinking exercises and compassion training may be used to decrease non-compliance urges of individuals who are an acute public health risk for the community, such as those in voluntary isolation.
Protocol for the effectiveness evaluation of an antenatal, universally offered, and remotely delivered parenting programme ‘Baby Steps’ on maternal outcomes: a Born in Bradford’s Better Start (BiBBS) study
Authors: Mooney Kate E. , Bywater Tracey , Dickerson Josie , Richardson Gerry , Hou Bo , Wright John , Blower Sarah 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Poor perinatal mental health and maternal sensitivity towards a child in the early years can carry a long-term cost to individuals and to society, and result in negative child outcomes such as poor mental health and social emotional issues. Despite the recognition of early intervention and prevention, there is mixed evidence regarding antenatal parenting interventions that aim to enhance perinatal mental health and maternal sensitivity to prevent negative child outcomes. ‘Baby Steps’ is a relationship-based antenatal and postnatal parenting programme. The service evaluated in this study is delivered in a low-income and ethnically diverse community via Better Start Bradford.
This study aims to assess whether the universally, and remotely delivered Baby Steps programme is effective in improving postnatal maternal sensitivity (primary outcome) and postnatal maternal mental health (secondary outcome) when compared to services as usual 6–10 weeks post-birth. It will also assess differences in birth outcomes, and differences in the prevalence of poor perinatal mental ill health through routine data. The feasibility of collecting cost and health related resource use data for a future economic evaluation will be explored.

Methods
The study is a quasi-experimental evaluation in a single centre. All participants are drawn from Born in Bradford’s Better Start (BiBBS) interventional family cohort study. Intervention participants will be matched to a demographically comparable control group using propensity score matching. The required minimum sample is n = 130 (ratio 1:1) to detect a medium effect (± 2.35, d = .50) on the primary outcome—maternal-child sensitivity, using the Mothers Object Relations Scale Short Form (MORS-SF). Secondary outcomes include the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), Generalised Anxiety Disorder assessment 7 (GAD-7), identification of poor perinatal mental health through routine data, and birth outcomes (delivery method, gestation period, low birth weight). Service delivery costs and health resource use will be gathered from routine data.

Discussion
This study will evaluate the effectiveness of Baby Steps for enhancing maternal-child sensitivity and maternal mental health when delivered universally and remotely. The findings regarding programme effectiveness, process, and costs will be relevant for researchers, service commissioners, and service staff.

Trial registration
This study was prospectively registered with ISRCTN (22/04/2022, ISRCTN12196131).
Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine among sub-Saharan Africans (SSA): a comparative study of residents and diasporan dwellers
Authors: Miner Chundung Asabe , Timothy Chikasirimobi G. , Percy Khathutshelo , Mashige  , Osuagwu Uchechukwu Levi , Envuladu Esther Awazzi , Amiebenomo Onyekachukwu Mary-Anne , Ovenseri-Ogbomo Godwin , Charwe Deborah Donald , Goson Piwuna Christopher , Ekpenyong Bernadine N. , Abu Emmanuel Kwasi , Langsi Raymond , Oloruntoba Richard , Ishaya Tanko , Agho Kingsley E. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 vaccines are being rolled out across all the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries, with countries setting targets for achieving full vaccination rates. The aim of this study was to compare the uptake of, resistance and hesitancy to the COVID-19 vaccine between SSA locally residents and in the diasporan dwellers.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study conducted using a web and paper-based questionnaire to obtain relevant information on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. The survey items included questions on demography, uptake and planned acceptance or non-acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccines among SSAs. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine probabilities of outcomes for factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination resistance and hesitancy among SSA respondents residing within and outside Africa.

Results
Uptake of COVID-19 vaccines varied among the local (14.2%) and diasporan (25.3%) dwellers. There were more locals (68.1%) who were resistant to COVID-19 vaccine. Participants’ sex [adjusted relative risk (ARR) = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.58 – 0.93], education [primary/less: ARR = 0.22, CI:0.12 – 0.40, and bachelor’s degree: ARR = 0.58, CI: 0.43 – 0.77]), occupation [ARR = 0.32, CI: 0.25—0.40] and working status [ARR = 1.40, CI: 1.06—1.84] were associated with COVID-19 vaccine resistance among locals. Similar proportion of local and diasporan dwellers (~ 18% each) were hesitant to COVID-19 vaccine, and this was higher among health care workers [ARR = 0.25, CI: 0.10 – 0.62 and ARR = 0.24, CI:0.18—0.32, diaspora and locals respectively]. After adjusting for the potential confounders, local residents aged 29–38 years [ARR = 1.89, CI: 1.26—2.84] and lived in East Africa [ARR = 4.64, CI: 1.84—11.70] were more likely to report vaccine hesitancy. Knowledge of COVID vaccines was associated with hesitancy among local and diasporan dwellers, but perception was associated with vaccine resistance [ARR = 0.86,CI: 0.82 – 0.90] and hesitancy [ARR = 0.85, CI: 0.80 – 0.90], only among the local residents.

Conclusions
Differences exist in the factors that influence COVID-19 vaccine acceptance between local SSA residents and thediasporan dwellers. Knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines affects the uptake, resistance, and hesitancy to the COVID-19 vaccine. Information campaigns focusing on the efficacy and safety of vaccines could lead to improved acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines.
Risk factors for hyponatremia in acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD): a multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Xiao Min , Wang Xiaoyu , Wang Hanchao , Du Fawang , Yao Yu , Wang Xiaochuan , Wang Jiajia , Yang Juan , Xiong Wei , Wang Qin , Ren Xubin , Zhu Tao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Hyponatremia is an independent predictor of poor prognosis, including increased mortality and readmission, in COPD patients. Identifying modifiable etiologies of hyponatremia may help reduce adverse events in patients with AECOPD. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the risk factors and underlying etiologies of hyponatremia in AECOPD patients.

Methods
A total of 586 AECOPD patients were enrolled in this multicenter cross-sectional study. Finally, 323 had normonatremia, and 90 had hyponatremia. Demographics, underlying diseases, comorbidities, symptoms, and laboratory data were collected. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to select potential risk factors, which were substituted into binary logistic regression to identify independent risk factors. Nomogram was built to visualize and validate binary logistics regression model.

Results
Nine potential hyponatremia-associated variables were selected by LASSO regression. Subsequently, a binary logistic regression model identified that smoking status, rate of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), anion gap (AG), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and serum magnesium (Mg2+) were independent variables of hyponatremia in AECOPD patients. The AUC of ROC curve of nomogram was 0.756. The DCA curve revealed that the nomogram could yielded more clinical benefits if the threshold was between 10% and 52%.

Conclusions
Collectively, our results showed that smoking status, CAP, AG, ESR, and serum Mg2+ were independently associated with hyponatremia in AECOPD patients. Then, these findings indicate that pneumonia, metabolic acidosis, and hypomagnesemia were the underlying etiologies of hyponatremia in AECOPD patients. However, their internal connections need further exploration.
Does lower educational attainment increase the risk of osteoarthritis surgery? a Swedish twin study
Authors: Lindéus Maria , Turkiewicz Aleksandra , Magnusson Karin , Englund Martin , Kiadaliri Ali 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have reported an inverse association between educational attainment and different osteoarthritis (OA) outcomes. However, none of the previous studies have accounted for potential confounding by early-life environment and genetics. Thus, we aimed to examine the association between educational attainment and knee and hip OA surgery using twin data.

Methods
From the Swedish Twin Registry (STR), we identified dizygotic (DZ) and monozygotic (MZ) twins. All twins in the STR aged 35 to 64 years were followed from January the 1st 1987 or the date they turned 35 years until OA surgery, relocation outside Sweden, death or the end of 2016 (18,784 DZ and 8,657 MZ complete twin pairs). Associations between educational attainment and knee and hip OA surgery were estimated in models matched on twin pairs, using Weibull within-between (WB) shared frailty model.

Results
For knee OA surgery, the analysis matched on MZ twins yielded a within-estimate hazard ratio (HR) per 3 years of education, of 1.06 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.32), suggesting no association between the outcome and the individual´s education. Rather, there seemed to be a so called familial effect of education, with a between-pair estimate of HR = 0.71 (95% CI: 0.41, 1.01). For hip OA surgery, the within- and between-pair estimates for MZ twins were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.69, 1.14) and 1.15 (95% CI: 0.87, 1.42), respectively.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the inverse associations between education and knee/hip OA surgery observed in cohort studies are potentially confounded by unobserved familial factors like genetics and/or early life exposures.
Anatomy features of the shoulder joint in asymptomatic chinese Han adults
Authors: Zeng Zheng , Liu Miaomiao , Liu Yang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the shoulder anatomical characteristics in asymptomatic Chinese adults.

Methods
The prospective study enrolled individuals without shoulder pain at Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University between January 2019 and January 2020. Six radiographic parameters were measured and analyzed, including glenoid plane to the acromion (GA), glenoid plane to the lateral aspect of the humeral head (GH), acromion index (AI), lateral acromial angle (LAA), acromion-humeral interval (AHI), and critical shoulder angle (CSA).

Results
103 participants (51 males and 52 females) were enrolled. The mean values of GA, GH, AI, CSA, LAA, and AHI were 32.88 ± 5.68 mm, 47.16 ± 4.82 mm, 0.70 ± 0.11, 37.45 ± 6.00°, 6.32 ± 3.99°, and 9.611.86 mm, respectively. Females had lower GA (30.78 ± 5.06 vs. 35.01 ± 5.51 mm, P < 0.001) and GH (44.28 ± 3.67 vs. 50.11 ± 4.02 mm, P < 0.001) than males and LAA was significantly smaller in the Bigliani flat type compared with the curved type and the hooked type (5.07 ± 2.31° vs 12.33 ± 5.46°vs 10.00 ± 3.37, P = 0.001).

Conclusions
Females had lower GA and GH than males in asymptomatic Chinese Han adults. Asymptomatic Chinese Han subjects with Bigliani flat type had lower LAA. CSA appears lager in Chinese Han individuals. Curve type of acromion performed lager LAA. The results may help establish an anatomical model of the shoulder joint and elucidate the anatomy features of the shoulder joint in asymptomatic Chinese Han adults.
Transrectal versus transperineal prostate biopsy in detection of prostate cancer: a retrospective study based on 452 patients
Authors: Lu Mengxin , Luo Yi , Wang Yongzhi , Yu Jingtian , Zheng Hang , Yang Zhonghua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundTransrectal (TR) ultrasound guided prostate biopsy and transperineal (TP) ultrasound guided prostate biopsy are the two most commonly used methods to detect prostate cancer, the detection rate of the two biopsy approaches may differ in patients with different clinical characteristics. Here we aimed to compare the prostate cancer detection rate and positive rate of biopsy cores between TR and TP prostate biopsy in patients with different clinical characteristics.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed and compared the clinical data of 452 patients underwent TR or TP prostate biopsy in our hospital from June 2017 to September 2021. And patients were stratified according to several clinical characteristic (serum PSA level, prostate volume, PSA density, T stage and ISUP grade), cancer detection rate and positive rate of biopsy cores were compared in different stratified groups.ResultsThere was no significant difference in age, PSA level, prostate volume, and PSA density between the TR and TP groups. TR group had a higher overall cancer detection rate and positive rate of biopsy cores than TP group. Further subgroup analysis showed that TR group had a higher cancer detection rate in patients with prostate volumes 30–80 mL, and that the TR group had a higher positive rate of biopsy cores among the patients with T3–T4 stages, while TP group had a higher positive rates of biopsy cores among the patients with T1–T2 stages. There were no significant differences between the TR and TP groups for each subgroup when stratified by PSA level, PSA density and ISUP grade.ConclusionsTR approach may have advantage in patients with prostate volumes 30–80 mL and T3–T4 stages, while TP approach may have advantage in patients with T1–T2 stages.
Dental anomalies in an Albanian orthodontic sample: a retrospective study
Authors: Vinjolli Franceska , Zeqaj Megi , Dragusha Edi , Malara Arianna , Danesi Carlotta , Laganà Giuseppina 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the prevalence and the distribution of dental anomalies in an Albanian orthodontic sample.

Methods
For this retrospective study, a sample of panoramic radiographs (PR) of n. 779 (456 F and 323 M, mean age of 15.1 ± 5.5 years) Albanian subjects with no genetic syndromes or craniofacial malformations (e.g., cleft lip/palate), history of extraction, trauma or previous orthodontic treatment drawn from the archives of the University Dental Clinic Our Lady of Good Counsel, was examined. The inclusion criteria were: subjects from 8 to 30 years of age, good quality of PRs in order to allow the assessment of crown and root development. For different dental anomalies, both the prevalence and the association were evaluated by using Chi-square test (p < 0.05).

Results
24.4% of the sample had at least one dental anomaly and 4.6% had more than one. The following dental anomalies were most prevalent: hypodontia (9.8%), dental impaction (7.6%), and ectopic eruption (5.3%). No statistically significant correlation was found between males and females (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
The most common anomalies in this group are found to be those of number and position, and only radiological investigations can reveal either of these anomalies. Early diagnosis of dental anomalies can contribute to prevent their complications and to establish the most suitable therapy to achieve a functional occlusion.
“Studying cognitive reappraisal as an antidote to the effect of negative emotions on medical residents’ learning: a randomized experiment”
Authors: Kremer Telma , Mamede Silvia , do Nunes Maria P. T. , van den Broek Walter W. , Schmidt Henk G. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Medical trainees often encounter situations that trigger emotional reactions which may hinder learning. Evidence of this effect on medical trainees is scarce and whether it could be counteracted is unclear. This study investigated the effect of negative emotions on medical residents’ learning and whether cognitive reappraisal counteracts it.

Methods
Ninety-nine medical residents participated in a three-phase experiment consisting of: (1) watching a video, either a neutral or an emotion-induction version, the latter either followed by cognitive reappraisal or not (2) learning: all participants studied the same medical text; study-time and cognitive engagement were measured; (3) test: a recall-test measured learning. Data was analysed using Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA.

Results
Study time significantly varied between conditions (p = 0.002). The two emotional conditions spent similar time, both significantly less than the neutral condition. The difference in test scores failed to reach significance level (p = 0.053). While the emotional conditions performed similarly, their scores tended to be lower than those of the neutral condition.

Conclusion
Negative emotions can adversely affect medical residents’ learning. The effect of emotions was not counteracted by cognitive reappraisal, which has been successfully employed to regulate emotions in other domains. Further research to examine emotion regulation strategies appropriate for medical education is much needed.