bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of dual‐band OAM beam using planar uniform circular array for vehicular communications
Authors: Rao M. Venkateswara , Modugu Yaswanth B. , Mondal Debasish , Yuvaraj S. , Kartikeyan M. V. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this article, a novel compact dual‐band uniform circular array (UCA) is proposed to generate the conical‐shaped orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam with high azimuthal symmetry for vehicular communication. Most antenna designs proposed in the past for obtaining conical‐shaped radiation patterns have complex structures and are very expensive. However, the generation of conical‐shaped patterns by an OAM antenna provides simplicity in the structural realization and is compact for integrating with transceiver circuits. By selecting circularly polarized (CP) patches as array elements of a UCA, conical‐shaped OAM beams can be generated. The proposed UCA consists of a simple feed network with eight dual‐band CP elements. The required phase delay for generating OAM beam ( = +1 mode) is obtained by rotating the CP elements in clock wise direction. The UCA is 150 mm 140 mm in size, fabricated on a FR4 substrate, and experimentally tested. The measured results confirm that the generated OAM beam has conical‐shaped radiation patterns at 5.3 and 5.77 GHz. The generated OAM beam has a peak gain of 10 dBi with high mode purity and a divergence angle of in both simulated and measured findings.
An adaptive targeting algorithm for magnetic resonance‐guided high‐intensity focused ultrasound controlled hyperthermia
Authors: Wong Suzanne M. , Luo Phoebe , Keunen Benjamin , Pichardo Samuel , Drake James M. , Waspe Adam C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundMild hyperthermia has been demonstrated to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy in various cancer types. One localized, non‐invasive method of administering mild hyperthermia is magnetic resonance‐guided high‐intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU). However, challenges for ultrasound such as beam deflection, refraction and coupling issues may result in a misalignment of the HIFU focus and the tumor during hyperthermia. Currently, the best option is to stop the treatment, wait for the tissue to cool, and redo the treatment planning before restarting the hyperthermia. This current workflow is both time‐consuming and unreliable.PurposeAn adaptive targeting algorithm was developed for MRgHIFU controlled hyperthermia treatments for cancer therapeutics. This algorithm executes in real time while hyperthermia is being administered to ensure that the focus is within our target region. If a mistarget is detected, the HIFU system will electronically steer the focus of the HIFU beam to the correct target. The goal of this study was to quantify the accuracy and precision of the adaptive targeting algorithm's ability to correct a purposely misplanned hyperthermia treatment in real‐time using a clinical MRgHIFU system.MethodsA gelatin phantom with acoustic properties matched to the average speed of sound in human tissue was used to test the adaptive targeting algorithm's accuracy and precision. The target was purposely offset 10 mm away from the focus at the origin, in four orthogonal directions, allowing the algorithm to correct for this mistarget. In each direction, 10 data sets were collected for a total sample size of 40. Hyperthermia was administered with a target temperature set at 42°C. The adaptive targeting algorithm was run during the hyperthermia treatment and 20 thermometry images were collected after the beam steering occurred. The location of the focus was quantified by calculating the center of heating on the MR thermometry data.ResultsThe average calculated trajectory passed to the HIFU system was 9.7 mm ± 0.4 mm where the target trajectory was 10 mm. The accuracy of the adaptive targeting algorithm after the beam steering correction was 0.9 mm and the precision was 1.6 mm.ConclusionThe adaptive targeting algorithm was implemented successfully and was able to correct the 10 mm mistargets with high accuracy and precision in gelatin phantoms. The results demonstrate the capability to correct the MRgHIFU focus location during controlled hyperthermia.
Efficacy and safety of zinc in the prevention of oral mucositis in children with cancer receiving intensified chemotherapy: A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Shah Dinesh , Gupta Aditya , Meena Jagdish Prasad , Kumar Gupta Aditya , Velpandian Thirumurthy , Pandey Ravindra Mohan , Makkar Harshita , Seth Rachna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and aimsA limited number of safe and effective preventive options for oral mucositis (OM) are available. This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of zinc in preventing OM in children with cancer receiving intensified chemotherapy.MethodsChildren aged 3–18 years were randomized to receive oral zinc at 1 mg/kg/dose daily for 14 days or a placebo at the same doses and schedule. The primary outcome of this study was to determine the effect of oral zinc in the prevention of OM, and secondary outcomes included any adverse effect of oral zinc, the severity and duration of OM, and the need for hospitalizations.ResultsA total of 90 children were randomized to either the oral zinc (n = 44) or placebo group (n = 46). The incidence of OM in the zinc group was 20.5%, while that in the placebo group was 19.6% (p = .91; risk ratio: 1.04, 95% CI 0.45–2.30). There were no significant adverse events of the drug observed. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the severity (p = .79), the mean time of onset (p = .09), the mean duration of OM (p = .18), and the need for hospitalizations (p = 1.0).ConclusionsAmong children on cancer chemotherapy, there was no decrease in the incidence of OM observed with oral zinc at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day. No significant adverse events were observed with administering oral zinc. Further research is warranted to test higher doses of oral zinc with longer duration for a clinically significant effect.
Cerebral revascularization surgery reduces cerebrovascular events in children with sickle cell disease and moyamoya syndrome: Results of the stroke in sickle cell revascularization surgery retrospective study
Authors: Aldana Philipp R , Hanel Ricardo A , Piatt Joseph , Han Sabrina H , Bansal Manisha M , Schultz Corinna , Gauger Cynthia , Pederson John M , III John C Wellons , Hulbert Monica L , Jordan Lori C , Qureshi Adnan , Garrity Kelsey , Robert Adam P , Hatem Asmaa , Stein Jennifer , Beydler Emily , Adelson P. David , Greene Stephanie , Grabb Paul , Johnston James , Lang Shih‐Shan , Leonard Jeffrey , Magge Suresh N , Scott Alex , Shah Sanjay , Smith Edward R , Smith Jodi , Strahle Jennifer , Vadivelu Sudhakar , Webb Jennifer , Wrubel David 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies suggest that cerebral revascularization surgery may be a safe and effective therapy to reduce stroke risk in patients with sickle cell disease and moyamoya syndrome (SCD–MMS).MethodsWe performed a multicenter, retrospective study of children with SCD–MMS treated with conservative management alone (conservative group)—chronic blood transfusion and/or hydroxyurea—versus conservative management plus surgical revascularization (surgery group). We monitored cerebrovascular event (CVE) rates—a composite of strokes and transient ischemic attacks. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare CVE occurrence and multivariable Poisson regression was used to compare incidence rates between groups. Covariates in multivariable models included age at treatment start, age at moyamoya diagnosis, antiplatelet use, CVE history, and the risk period length.ResultsWe identified 141 patients with SCD–MMS, 78 (55.3%) in the surgery group and 63 (44.7%) in the conservative group. Compared with the conservative group, preoperatively the surgery group had a younger age at moyamoya diagnosis, worse baseline modified Rankin scale scores, and increased prevalence of CVEs. Despite more severe pretreatment disease, the surgery group had reduced odds of new CVEs after surgery (odds ratio = 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.08–0.94, p = .040). Furthermore, comparing surgery group patients during presurgical versus postsurgical periods, CVEs odds were significantly reduced after surgery (odds ratio = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.08–0.58, p = .002).ConclusionsWhen added to conservative management, cerebral revascularization surgery appears to reduce the risk of CVEs in patients with SCD–MMS. A prospective study will be needed to validate these findings.
A tailored physical education program enhances elementary students' self‐efficacy, attitudes, and motivation to engage in physical activity
Authors: Dutrisac Shannah , Bearden Anomi G. , Borgel Jazmyn , Weddell Rob , Jones Mark , Oddie Scott 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAchieving adequate physical activity is an important health goal that many elementary school students are not meeting during the school day. The physical activity leadership (PAL) Program was designed to provide individually tailored supports to improve the quantity and quality of physical activity in schools, as well as promote improvements in self‐efficacy, attitudes, and motivation for physical activity. Self‐efficacy, attitudes, and motivation are three key factors in predicting increases in physical activity, and consequently serve as the cognitive‐affective variables examined in the present study. A sample of 117 fourth‐ and fifth‐grade students and 22 teachers completed several quantitative and open‐ended feedback measures before and after a district‐wide physical activity intervention. Results indicated the PAL Program was highly beneficial to all participants, and several key measures (negative attitudes, motivation to exercise, and perceptions of physical ability) were significantly impacted in the anticipated direction. Open‐ended feedback data collected from teachers involved also suggests that the program was well‐received and was perceived as beneficial. This study provides additional evidence in support of individually tailored physical education interventions.
Biobased composites of poly(butylene furanoate) copolymers and hemp
Authors: Deng Zhengyu , Liubchak Iryna , Holness F. Benjamin , Shahrokhi Farshid , Price Aaron D. , Gillies Elizabeth R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere is growing interest in biodegradable and bio‐based materials that can replace conventional plastics in applications such as packaging. Polymers based on 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) have been proposed as bio‐based analogues for polymers based on terephthalic acid. However, they tend to be brittle, exhibit limited biodegradability, and there are few examples of biocomposites from these polymers. Described here is the preparation of a small library of copolyesters based on FDCA, 1,4‐butanediol, and either succinic, adipic or sebacic acid. By incorporating different dicarboxylic acids in varying ratios, the glass transition temperature was tuned from −30 to 41°C and the melting temperature from 104–171°C while maintaining high stability up to ~300°C. Incorporation of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids facilitated blending of the copolymers with hemp powder, with up to 30 wt% hemp incorporated into the polymer containing 60:40 FDCA:sebacic acid. Incorporation of hemp did not substantially alter the thermal properties but increased the moduli of the composites. The copolyesters were susceptible to degradation by Rhizopus oryzae lipase, with the sebacic acid‐containing polyester having higher degradability than the succinic acid‐containing polyester. Overall, the results demonstrate the promise of the copolyester‐hemp blends for applications where they can replace conventional non‐degradable plastics.
Association between oncologists' death anxiety and their end‐of‐life communication with advanced cancer patients
Authors: Harnischfeger Nele , Rath Hilke M. , Alt‐Epping Bernd , Brand Hannah , Haller Karl , Letsch Anne , Rieder Nicola , Thuss‐Patience Peter , Bokemeyer Carsten , Oechsle Karin , Bergelt Corinna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveEarly and open communication of palliative care (PC) and end‐of‐life (EoL)‐related issues in advanced cancer care is not only recommended by guidelines, but also preferred by the majority of patients. However, oncologists tend to avoid timely addressing these issues. We investigated the role of oncologists' personal death anxiety in the rare occurrence of PC/EoL conversations.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter cross‐sectional study assessing oncologists' strengths and difficulties in self‐reported and externally rated PC/EoL communication skills as well as their association with death anxiety. Death anxiety was assessed via the Thanatophobia‐Scale. PC/EoL communication skills were assessed via validated questionnaires and study‐specific items plus an external rating of videotaped medical consultation with simulated patients. A general linear model was conducted to analyze associations.ResultsOne hundred fifty‐three oncologists participated (age: M(SD) = 32.9 years (6.9), 59.5% female). Both from the external and from their own perspective, oncologists had difficulties in addressing PC and the EoL. They avoided those aspects more than other topics in consultations with advanced cancer patients. Death anxiety was associated with more avoidant self‐reported communication strategies, lower self‐efficacy, less confidence in discussing the EoL and less confidence in discussing patients' goals and wishes, but was not associated with externally rated PC/EoL communication.ConclusionsOncologists have experienced and externally observable difficulties in addressing PC and the EoL. Oncologists with higher death anxiety subjectively experience more difficulties. Group supervision and consultation offers might be means to empower oncologists, increase awareness of personal fears and enhance confidence and self‐efficacy. This might facilitate earlier PC/EoL communication.
Developmental changes in obstructive sleep apnea and sleep architecture in Down syndrome
Authors: Kahanowitch Ryan , Aguilar Hector , Weiss Miriam , Lew Jenny , Pan Qi , Ortiz‐Vergara Maria Camila , Rodriguez Oscar , Nino Gustavo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundDown syndrome (DS, also known as Trisomy 21) is a condition associated with abnormal neurodevelopment and a higher risk for sleep apnea. Our study sought to better understand and characterize the age‐related developmental differences in sleep architecture and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity in children with DS compared to euploid individuals.MethodsRetrospective review of polysomnograms in over 4151 infants, children, and adolescents in the pediatric sleep center at Children's National Hospital in Washington D.C. (0–18 years) including 218 individuals with DS.ResultsThe primary findings of our study are that: (1) severe OSA (obstructive apnea‐hypopnea index ≥ 10/h) was more prevalent in the DS group (euploid 18% vs. DS 34%, p < 0.001) with the highest OSA severity being present in young children (<3 years old) and adolescents (>10 years old), (2) abnormalities in sleep architecture in children with DS were characterized by a prolonged rapid‐eye movement (REM) sleep onset latency (SOL) (euploid 119 min vs. DS 144 min, p < 0.001) and greater arousal indexes (euploid 10.7/h vs. DS 12.2/h, p < 0.001), (3) developmental changes in the amount of REM sleep or slow wave sleep were not different in DS individuals relative to euploid children, (4) multivariate analyses showed that OSA and REM sleep latency differences between DS and euploid individuals were still present after adjusting by age, biological sex, and body mass index.ConclusionSevere OSA is highly prevalent in children with DS and follows an age‐dependent “U” distribution with peaks in newborns/infants and children >10 years of age. Children with DS also have disturbances in sleep architecture characterized by a longer REM SOL and elevated arousal indexes. As sleep cycle generation and continuity play crucial roles in neuroplasticity and cognitive development, these findings offer clinically relevant insights to guide anticipatory guidance for infants, children, and adolescents with DS.
Exploring m6A‐RNA methylation as a potential therapeutic strategy for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Faraj Reem , Liang Ying , Feng Anlin , Wu Jialin , Black Stephen M. , Wang Ting 
Published: April 2023

AbstractN6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common methylation modification in mammalian messenger RNA (mRNA) and noncoding RNAs. m6A modification plays a role in the regulation of gene expression and deregulation of m6A methylation has been implicated in many human diseases. Recent publications suggest that exploitation of this methylation process may possess utility against acute lung injury (ALI). ALI and its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are acute, inflammatory clinical syndromes characterized by poor oxygenation and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. This syndrome is associated with microvascular endothelial dysfunction, subsequent pulmonary hypertension and may ultimately lead to mortality without rigorous and acute clinical intervention. Over the years, many attempts have been made to detect novel therapeutic avenues for research without much success. The urgency for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents has become more pronounced recently given the current pandemic infection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐2019), still ongoing at the time that this review is being written. We review the current landscape of literature regarding ALI and ARDS etiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutics and present a potential role of m6A methylation. Additionally, we will establish the axiomatic principles of m6A methylation to provide a framework. In conclusion, METTL3, or methyltransferase‐like 3, the selective RNA methyltransferase for m6A, is a hub of proinflammatory gene expression regulation in ALI, and using a modern drug discovery strategy will identify new and effective ALI drug candidates targeting METTTL3.
Low Forces Push the Maturation of Neural Precursors into Neurons
Authors: De Vincentiis Sara , Baggiani Matteo , Merighi Francesca , Cappello Valentina , Lopane Jakub , Di Caprio Mariachiara , Costa Mario , Mainardi Marco , Onorati Marco , Raffa Vittoria 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMechanical stimulation modulates neural development and neuronal activity. In a previous study, magnetic “nano‐pulling” is proposed as a tool to generate active forces. By loading neural cells with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), a precise force vector is remotely generated through static magnetic fields. In the present study, human neural stem cells (NSCs) are subjected to a standard differentiation protocol, in the presence or absence of nano‐pulling. Under mechanical stimulation, an increase in the length of the neural processes which showed an enrichment in microtubules, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria is found. A stimulation lasting up to 82 days induces a strong remodeling at the level of synapse density and a re‐organization of the neuronal network, halving the time required for the maturation of neural precursors into neurons. The MNP‐loaded NSCs are then transplanted into mouse spinal cord organotypic slices, demonstrating that nano‐pulling stimulates the elongation of the NSC processes and modulates their orientation even in an ex vivo model. Thus, it is shown that active mechanical stimuli can guide the outgrowth of NSCs transplanted into the spinal cord tissue. The findings suggest that mechanical forces play an important role in neuronal maturation which could be applied in regenerative medicine.
A Simplified Amplification‐Free Strategy with Lyophilized CRISPR‐CcrRNA System for Drug‐Resistant Salmonella Detection
Authors: Bao Qi , Sun Jiadi , Fu Xuran , Sheng Lina , Ye Yongli , Ji Jian , Zhang Yinzhi , Wang Jiasheng , Ping Jianfeng , Sun Xiulan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDrug resistance in pathogenic bacteria has become a major threat to global health. The misuse of antibiotics has increased the number of resistant bacteria in the absence of rapid, accurate, and cost‐effective diagnostic tools. Here, an amplification‐free CRISPR‐Cas12a time‐resolved fluorescence immunochromatographic assay (AFC‐TRFIA) is used to detect drug‐resistant Salmonella. Multi‐locus targeting in combination crRNA (CcrRNA) is 27‐fold more sensitive than a standalone crRNA system. The lyophilized CRISPR system further simplifies the operation and enables one‐pot detection. Induction of nucleic acid fixation via differentially charged interactions reduced the time and cost required for flowmetric chromatography with enhanced stability. The induction of nucleic acid fixation via differentially charged interactions reduces the time and cost required for flowmetric chromatography with enhanced stability. The platform developed for the detection of drug‐resistant Salmonella has an ultra‐sensitive detection limit of 84 CFU mL−1 within 30 min, with good linearity in the range of 102–106 CFU mL−1. In real‐world applications, spiked recoveries range from 76.22% to 145.91%, with a coefficient of variation less than 10.59%. AFC‐TRFIA offers a cost‐effective, sensitive, and virtually equipment‐independent platform for preventing foodborne illnesses, screening for drug‐resistant Salmonella, and guiding clinical use.
Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Formate on Polypyrrole‐Modified Oxygen Vacancy‐Rich Bi2O3 Nanosheet Precatalysts by Local Microenvironment Modulation
Authors: Xu You , Guo Yiyi , Sheng Youwei , Yu Hongjie , Deng Kai , Wang Ziqiang , Li Xiaonian , Wang Hongjing , Wang Liang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChallenges remain in the development of highly efficient catalysts for selective electrochemical transformation of carbon dioxide (CO2) to high‐valued hydrocarbons. In this study, oxygen vacancy‐rich Bi2O3 nanosheets coated with polypyrrole (Bi2O3@PPy NSs) are designed and synthesized, as precatalysts for selective electrocatalytic CO2reduction to formate. Systematic material characterization demonstrated that Bi2O3@PPy precatalyst can evolve intoBi2O2CO3@PPy nanosheets with rich oxygen vacancies (Bi2O2CO3@PPy NSs) via electrolyte‐mediated conversion and function as the real active catalyst for CO2 reduction reaction electrocatalysis. Coating catalyst with a PPy shell can modulate the interfacial microenvironment of active sites, which work in coordination with rich oxygen vacancies in Bi2O2CO3 and efficiently mediate directional selective CO2 reduction toward formate formation. With the fine‐tuning of interfacial microenvironment, the optimized Bi2O3@PPy‐2 NSs derived Bi2O2CO3@PPy‐2 NSs exhibit a maximum Faradaic efficiency of 95.8% at −0.8 V (versus. reversible hydrogen electrode) for formate production. This work might shed some light on designing advanced catalysts toward selective electrocatalytic CO2 reduction through local microenvironment engineering.