bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthy eating interventions conducted in small, local restaurants and hot food takeaways: a systematic review
Authors: Jostock Cinja , Forde Hannah , Roberts Nia , Jebb Susan A , Pechey Rachel , Bandy Lauren 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective:
This systematic review investigates the characteristics, effectiveness and acceptability of interventions to encourage healthier eating in small, independent restaurants and takeaways.

Design:
We searched five databases (CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Science Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index) in June 2022. Eligible studies had to measure changes in sales, availability, nutritional quality, portion sizes or dietary intake of interventions targeting customer behaviour or restaurant environments. We evaluated study quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Results are synthesised narratively, and interventions’ impact on personal autonomy is assessed using the Nuffield intervention ladder.

Setting:
Small, independent or local restaurants or hot food takeaway outlets, with no restrictions by year or country.

Participants:
Anyone selling or purchasing food in intervention settings (e.g. restaurant staff/owners, customers).

Results:
We screened 4624 records and included 12 studies describing 13 interventions in 351 businesses. Most studies were of poor quality. Customer-level intervention components mostly operated on the lower rungs of the Nuffield ladder, and most had limited positive effects on increasing demand, measured as sales or orders of healthy options. Whilst rare, most interventions measuring business outcomes operated on higher ladder rungs and showed small positive results. There was insufficient evidence to investigate differences in impact by intervention intrusiveness. Acceptability was greater for interventions that were low-effort, inexpensive and perceived as not negatively impacting on customer satisfaction.

Conclusions:
Despite some evidence of small positive effects of healthy eating interventions on healthier purchases or restaurant/hot food takeaway practices, a weak evidence base hinders robust inference.
The Role of Orogenic Collapse on Tectonic Inheritance of Passive Continental Margins
Authors: Pollock Jeffrey 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe break‐up and drift of continents is governed by the reactivation of structures in the lithosphere that occur in preference to formation of new structures during rifting. Numerical analyses indicate that mantle heterogeneities should be a first‐order control on tectonic inheritance; however, the importance of mantle relative to crustal structures has not been tested by observation in the geological record. Seismic anisotropy analysis using shear wave splitting of seismic waves are a useful tool to constrain past episodes of lithospheric deformation in the upper mantle. Analysis of published SKS directions colinear to orogenic trends, geometry of intracratonic faults and rift basins, and prolongation of basement structures into oceanic lithosphere all suggest a role of the mantle in controlling tectonic inheritance and crustal orogenesis. The geometry of the continental margin and temporal constraints point to a process involving lithosphere‐scale structures mimicked in the oceanic lithosphere due to orogenic collapse. The occurrence of fracture zones of the Labrador Sea that correspond with major structures in the Grenville, Appalachian, and older orogens suggest that deformation of the lithosphere and propagation of oceanic transforms are influenced by rheology in the upper mantle that formed during previous episodes of continental collision. If inheritance occurs at a lithospheric scale and is rooted in the mantle, it implies that orogenic collapse is an important mechanism for ocean opening along rifted continental margins. The geometry and morphology of the modern Atlantic Ocean may have been predetermined by Archean plate tectonic processes.
Observations of the Electromagnetic Electron Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability and Its Impact on the Dynamics Inside a Flux Rope
Authors: Jiang K. , Huang S. Y. , Lu Q. M. , Yuan Z. G. , Xiong Q. Y. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe electromagnetic electron Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability (EM EKHI) and its impact on the dynamics inside a flux rope (FR) is investigated through observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. The convection term dominated electric field drives E × B drift in the FR, which supports a strong electron shear flow. The electron shear flow is unstable to the EM EKHI, which results in an electron velocity vortex and many current filaments in the FR. In one of the current filaments, ion and electron demagnetization and strong energy conversion are observed. The continuous radial nulls and obvious reconstructed X‐line topology indicate that magnetic reconnection may occur in this current filament.
Field‐Aligned Currents Induced by Magnetopause Motions Under Pressure Perturbations
Authors: Wang Boyi , Xu Xinyu , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Wu Yen‐Jung , Xu Zhonghua , Kajdic Primož , Han De‐Sheng , Wang Yi , Feng Xueshang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this work, we identified 65 auroral arcs that stretched out from the equatorward boundary of auroral oval with azimuthal extensions, and investigated their upstream triggering, by utilizing conjunctions between the THEMIS probes and the all‐sky imagers at AGO P1 and South Pole stations. The results show that the magnetopause motions induced by pressure enhancements associated with IMF discontinuities or foreshock cavities likely generate upward FACs in the closed field lines near the magnetopause. The inward and azimuthal motions of magnetopause caused equatorward‐moving auroral arcs, which extended westward or eastward, centered in the prenoon (12–13 MLT) or postnoon (9–10 MLT) sectors, respectively. The dawn‐dusk asymmetry in this distribution may be due to the contribution from foreshock activities. Furthermore, stronger compression can push the magnetopause further inward, causing FACs and the corresponding discrete auroras to be distributed over a wider region extending further in both latitude and local time.
Assessing the Impact of Cumulus Convection and Turbulence Parameterizations on Typhoon Precipitation Forecast
Authors: Wang Yueya , Li Haobo , Shi Xiaoming , Fung Jimmy C. H. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractImproving typhoon precipitation forecast with convection‐permitting models remains challenging. This study investigates the influence of cumulus parameterizations and turbulence models, including the Reconstruction and Nonlinear Anisotropy (RNA) turbulence scheme, on precipitation prediction in multiple typhoon cases. Incorporating the cumulus and RNA schemes increases domain‐averaged precipitation, improves recall scores, and lowers relative error across various precipitation thresholds, which is substantial in three out of four studied typhoon cases. Applying appropriate cumulus parameterization schemes alone also contributes to enhancing heavy precipitation forecasts. In Typhoon Hato, the RNA and Grell‐3 schemes demonstrated a doubled recall rate for extreme rainfall compared to simulations without any cumulus scheme. The improved forecasting ability is attributed to the RNA's capacity to model dissipation and backscatter. The RNA scheme can dynamically reinforce typhoon circulation with upgradient momentum transport in the lower troposphere and enhance the buoyancy by favorable heat flux distribution, which is conducive to developing heavy precipitation.
Reply to Comment by A. G. Davies on “Io Hot Spot Distribution Detected by Juno/JIRAM”
Authors: Zambon F. , Mura A. , Tosi F. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractZambon et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gl100597) presented a catalog of Io hot spots based on JIRAM M‐band images acquired in Juno orbits 10 to 33. They identified 242 hot spots, including 23 not previously reported in other catalogs, observing a higher hot spot number density in the northern polar region. Davies (2024) disputes location and counting of part of these hot spots, attributing the differences between the Zambon et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gl100597) results and those obtained by Davies et al. (2024, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550‐023‐02123‐5) to a misregistration of the JIRAM images. Here we reply to Davies (2024) showing that discrepancies in the results are due to the different methodologies, assumptions, and goals considered in the two works.
Vertical Mixing, Light Penetration and Phosphorus Cycling Regulate Seasonal Algae Blooms in an Ice‐Covered Dimictic Lake
Authors: Ghane Alireza , Boegman Leon 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMany temperate lakes accumulate sediment derived orthophosphate (PO4) in their hypolimnion during late‐summer deep‐water hypoxia. In dimictic lakes, fall turnover will mix the PO4 through the water column. However, the fate and transport of this primary production limiting nutrient, during winter, is unknown. Does it remain available for the spring bloom, and why does it not trigger a fall bloom in many dimictic lakes? We conducted field observations and supplemented these with three‐dimensional physical biogeochemical numerical simulations to gain a deeper understanding of PO4 transport and cycling within a small dimictic lake from 2011 to 2020. Our focus was particularly on the often‐ice‐covered winter season. We found, the sediment derived PO4 to be only a small portion (∼1%) of the total PO4 load, with most of the load from mineralization (49% ice free, 29% ice covered) and tributary inflows (22%). The accumulated hypolimnetic PO4 increased the water column concentration during fall turnover, but a fall bloom was not initiated, because the associated mixing transported phytoplankton beneath the photic zone. This PO4 remained available in the water column during winter and was combined with under‐ice mineralized PO4 to initiate the spring bloom, in a thin stable layer beneath the ice, as solar radiation increased seasonally during spring.
Associations between per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and county-level cancer incidence between 2016 and 2021 and incident cancer burden attributable to PFAS in drinking water in the United States
Authors: Li Shiwen , Oliva Paulina , Zhang Lu , Goodrich Jesse A. , McConnell Rob , Conti David V. , Chatzi Lida , Aung Max 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been linked with various cancers. Assessment of PFAS in drinking water and cancers can help inform biomonitoring and prevention efforts.

Objective
To screen for incident cancer (2016–2021) and assess associations with PFAS contamination in drinking water in the US.

Methods
We obtained county-level age-adjusted cancer incidence (2016–2021) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Data on PFAS levels in public drinking water systems were obtained from the Third (UCMR3; 2013–2015) and Fifth (UCMR5; 2023–2024) Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule. UCMR3 measured PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS, PFHpA, and PFBS. UCMR5 expanded measurements to include PFBA, PFHxA, PFPeA, and PFPeS. We created indicators of PFAS detection and, for UCMR5, concentrations above Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs). MCLs for PFOA and PFOS are 4 ng/L, and for PFNA and PFHxS are 10 ng/L. We used Poisson regression models to assess associations between PFAS detection or MCL violation and cancer incidence, adjusting for potential confounders. We estimated the number of attributable cancer cases.

Results
PFAS in drinking water was associated with increased cancer incidence in the digestive, endocrine, oral cavity/pharynx, and respiratory systems. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) ranged from 1.02 to 1.33. The strongest association was observed between PFBS and oral cavity/pharynx cancers (IRR: 1.33 [1.04, 1.71]). Among males, PFAS was associated with cancers in the urinary, brain, leukemia, and soft tissues. Among females, PFAS was associated with cancers in the thyroid, oral cavity/pharynx, and soft tissue. PFAS in drinking water is estimated to contribute to 4626 [95% CI: 1,377, 8046] incident cancer cases per year based on UCMR3 data and 6864 [95% CI: 991, 12,804] based on UCMR5.

Impact statement
The ecological study examined the associations between PFAS in drinking water measured in two waves (2013–2015 and 2023–2024) and cancer incidence between 2016 and 2021. We found that PFAS in drinking water was associated with cancers in the organ system including the oral cavity/pharynx, lung, digestive system, brain, urinary system, soft tissue, and thyroid. Some cancers have not been widely studied for their associations with PFAS. We also observed sex differences in the associations between PFAS and cancer risks. This is the first ecological study that examined PFAS exposure in drinking water and various cancer risks.
Psychological outcomes of extended reality interventions in spinal cord injury rehabilitation: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Williamson Samuel David , Aaby Anders Orup , Ravn Sophie Lykkegaard 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Study design
Systematic scoping review.

Objectives
Extended reality (XR) is becoming a recognisable tool for assisting in spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation. While the success of XR mediated interventions is often evaluated based on improvements in physical and functional performance, the present systematic scoping review aimed to identify and synthesize evidence on reported psychological outcomes of XR interventions in SCI rehabilitation. In doing so, we aimed to contribute towards an adaptation of XR that is meaningful for individuals living with SCI.

Methods
Seven bibliometric databases were systematically searched. Included studies needed to be peer-reviewed, test structured and targeted XR interventions in an adult (≥ 16 years) SCI population, and assess any psychological construct. Individual double-screening against a pre-defined eligibility criteria was performed. Data from the included studies were extracted, tabulated, and analysed.

Results
A total of 964 unique studies were initially identified. 13 studies were included in the analysis. The psychological outcomes most frequently quantified were depression, self-esteem, and anxiety. Among other things, qualitative evidence suggests VR-based interventions provided enjoyment, relaxation, and a source of positive distraction.

Conclusion
Immersive XR interventions in SCI rehabilitation have been positively evaluated, both qualitatively and quantitatively, based on the psychological outcomes of participants. While further research is needed, we find immersive XR to be an emerging treatment option with promise for maintaining and improving psychological health during SCI rehabilitation.
Alkaline phosphatase decline and pain response as predictors of overall survival benefit in patients treated with radium-223: a post hoc analysis of the REASSURE study
Authors: O’Sullivan Joe M. , Heinrich Daniel , Castro Elena , George Saby , Dizdarevic Sabina , Baldari Sergio , Essler Markus , Jong Igle Jan de , Lastoria Secondo , Hammerer Peter G. , Tombal Bertrand , James Nicholas D. , Meltzer Jeff , Sandström Per , Sartor Oliver 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) declines and pain responses can occur during radium-223 (223Ra) treatment, but their association with treatment outcomes is unclear.

Methods
For patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with 223Ra in the REASSURE study, we investigated whether ALP decline (Week 12) and/or pain response (during treatment) are associated with improved overall survival (OS). The Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) was used to assess pain at baseline and pain response (in patients with baseline BPI-SF score ≥2).

Results
Of 785 patients with baseline and Week 12 ALP measurements, 779 were eligible for the OS analyses. Overall, 80% of patients had an ALP decline. Median OS was longer in patients with than without an ALP decline (18.1 versus 14.2 months; HR 0.74; 95% CI 0.60–0.92). In patients with an ALP decline, there was no clear OS difference between those with versus without a pain response. For patients without ALP decline, median OS was longer in those with versus without a pain response (16.2 versus 10.9 months; HR 0.50; 95% CI 0.32–0.77).

Conclusions
Decreases in ALP and/or pain during 223Ra treatment are associated with improved OS. This may help support clinical decisions.

Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02141438.
Spatial control of doping in conducting polymers enables complementary, conformable, implantable internal ion-gated organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Wisniewski Duncan J. , Ma Liang , Rauhala Onni J. , Cea Claudia , Zhao Zifang , Ranschaert Alexander , Gelinas Jennifer N. , Khodagholy Dion 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Complementary transistors are critical for circuits with compatible input/output signal dynamic range and polarity. Organic electronics offer biocompatibility and conformability; however, generation of complementary organic transistors requires introduction of separate materials with inadequate stability and potential for tissue toxicity, limiting their use in biomedical applications. Here, we discovered that introduction of source/drain contact asymmetry enables spatial control of de/doping and creation of single-material complementary organic transistors from a variety of conducting polymers of both carrier types. When integrated with the vertical channel design and internal ion reservoirs of internal ion-gated organic electrochemical transistors, we produced matched complementary IGTs (cIGTs) that formed high-performance conformable amplifiers with 200 V/V uniform gain and 2 MHz bandwidth. These amplifiers showed long-term in vivo stability, and their miniaturized biocompatible design allowed implantation in developing rodents to monitor network maturation. cIGTs expand the use of organic electronics in standard circuit designs and enhance their biomedical potential.
The Psu protein of phage satellite P4 inhibits transcription termination factor ρ by forced hyper-oligomerization
Authors: Gjorgjevikj Daniela , Kumar Naveen , Wang Bing , Hilal Tarek , Said Nelly , Loll Bernhard , Artsimovitch Irina , Sen Ranjan , Wahl Markus C. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMany bacteriophages modulate host transcription to favor expression of their own genomes. Phage satellite P4 polarity suppression protein, Psu, a building block of the viral capsid, inhibits hexameric transcription termination factor, ρ, by presently unknown mechanisms. Our cryogenic electron microscopy structures of ρ-Psu complexes show that Psu dimers clamp two inactive, open ρ rings and promote their expansion to higher-oligomeric states. ATPase, nucleotide binding and nucleic acid binding studies revealed that Psu hinders ρ ring closure and traps nucleotides in their binding pockets on ρ. Structure-guided mutagenesis in combination with growth, pull-down, and termination assays further delineated the functional ρ-Psu interfaces in vivo. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that Psu is associated with a wide variety of phage defense systems across Enterobacteriaceae, suggesting that Psu may regulate expression of anti-phage genes. Our findings show that modulation of the ρ oligomeric state via diverse strategies is a pervasive gene regulatory principle in bacteria.
Controlling few-body reaction pathways using a Feshbach resonance
Authors: Haze Shinsuke , Li Jing-Lun , Dorer Dominik , D’Incao José P. , Julienne Paul S. , Tiemann Eberhard , Deiß Markus , Hecker Denschlag Johannes 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Gaining control over chemical reactions at the quantum level is a central goal of cold and ultracold chemistry. Here we demonstrate a method for coherently steering the reaction flux across different product spin channels for a three-body recombination process in a cloud of trapped cold atoms. We use a magnetically tunable Feshbach resonance to admix, in a controlled way, a specific spin state to the reacting collision complex. This allows us to control the reaction flux into the admixed spin channel, which can be used to alter the reaction products. We also investigate the influence of an Efimov resonance on the reaction dynamics, observing a global enhancement of three-body recombination without favouring particular reaction channels. Our control scheme can be extended to other reaction processes and could be combined with other methods, such as quantum interference of reaction paths, to achieve further tuning capabilities of few-body reactions.
Impact of RSVpreF vaccination on reducing the burden of respiratory syncytial virus in infants and older adults
Authors: Du Zhanwei , Pandey Abhishek , Moghadas Seyed M. , Bai Yuan , Wang Lin , Matrajt Laura , Singer Burton H. , Galvani Alison P. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes a substantial health burden among infants and older adults. Prefusion F protein-based vaccines have shown high efficacy against RSV disease in clinical trials, offering promise for mitigating this burden through maternal and older adult immunization. Employing an individual-based model, we evaluated the impact of RSV vaccination on hospitalizations and deaths in 13 high-income countries, assuming that the vaccine does not prevent infection or transmission. Using country-specific vaccine uptake rates for seasonal influenza, we found that vaccination of older adults would prevent hospitalizations by a median of 35–64% across the countries studied here. Vaccination of pregnant women could avert infant hospitalizations by 5–50%. Reductions in RSV-related mortality mirrored those estimated for hospitalizations. While substantial hospitalization costs could be averted, the impact of vaccination depends critically on uptake rates. Enhancing uptake and accessibility is crucial for maximizing the real-world impact of vaccination on reducing RSV burden among vulnerable populations.
Indirect evidence of an early mating advantage in wild cooperatively breeding male banded mongooses
Authors: Birch Graham , Cant Michael A. , Nichols Hazel J. , Meniri Magali , Businge Robert , Mwanguhya Francis , Blount Jonathan D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPromiscuous females reduce male reproductive control. Males can attempt to monopolise access to these females, but distractions and sneaky rivals mean extra copulations cannot always be blocked. By mating first, males can obtain a headstart in sperm competition, but this may be negated by sperm storage and cryptic female choice mechanisms. We carry out an indirect rare test of an early mating advantage in a population of free-living wild animals. Using Bayesian GLMM analysis of a long-term life history database spanning 17 years, we show that banded mongoose males who interacted with females in earlier days of oestrus had a higher chance of siring their offspring compared with later rivals. An early mating advantage would intensify initial male-male competition and hence selection for male choice, as any initial mistake identifying preferred mating partners could see paternity lost to rivals.