bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jet-environment interplay in magnetized binary neutron star mergers
Authors: Pavan Andrea , Ciolfi Riccardo , Kalinani Jay V , Mignone Andrea 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
GRB 170817A, the first short gamma-ray burst (sGRB) to be detected in coincidence with a gravitational wave signal, demonstrated that merging binary neutron star (BNS) systems can power collimated ultra-relativistic jets, and in turn, produce sGRBs. Moreover, it revealed that sGRB jets possess an intrinsic angular structure that is imprinted in the observable prompt and afterglow emission. Advanced numerical simulations represent the leading approach to investigate the physical processes underlying the evolution of sGRB jets breaking out of post-merger environments, and thus connect the final angular structure and energetics with specific jet launching conditions. In a previous paper, we carried out the first 3D special-relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of incipient (top-hat) sGRB jets propagating across the realistic environment resulting from a general-relativistic (GR) hydrodynamic BNS merger simulation. While the earlier work marked an important step toward a consistent end-to-end description of sGRB jets from BNS mergers, those simulations did not account for the presence of magnetic fields, which are expected to play a key role. Here, we overcome this limitation, reporting the first 3D special-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of a magnetized (structured and rotating) sGRB jet piercing through a realistic magnetized post-merger environment, wherein the initial conditions of the latter are directly imported from the outcome of a previous GRMHD BNS merger simulation.
Multi-epoch machine learning 2: identifying physical drivers of galaxy properties in simulations
Authors: McGibbon Robert J , Khochfar Sadegh 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Using a novel machine learning method, we investigate the buildup of galaxy properties in different simulations, and in various environments within a single simulation. The aim of this work is to show the power of this approach at identifying the physical drivers of galaxy properties within simulations. We compare how the stellar mass is dependent on the value of other galaxy and halo properties at different points in time by examining the feature importance values of a machine learning model. By training the model on IllustrisTNG, we show that stars are produced at earlier times in higher density regions of the universe than they are in low density regions. We also apply the technique to the Illustris, EAGLE, and CAMELS simulations. We find that stellar mass is built up in a similar way in EAGLE and IllustrisTNG, but significantly differently in the original Illustris, suggesting that subgrid model physics is more important than the choice of hydrodynamics method. These differences are driven by the efficiency of supernova feedback. Applying principal component analysis to the CAMELS simulations allows us to identify a component associated with the importance of a halo’s gravitational potential and another component representing the time at which galaxies form. We discover that the speed of galactic winds is a more critical subgrid parameter than the total energy per unit star formation. Finally, we find that the Simba black hole feedback model has a larger effect on galaxy formation than the IllustrisTNG black hole feedback model.
Cosmic evolution of radio-AGN feedback: confronting models with data
Authors: Kondapally Rohit , Best Philip N , Raouf Mojtaba , Thomas Nicole L , Davé Romeel , Shabala Stanislav S , Röttgering Huub J A , Hardcastle Martin J , Bonato Matteo , Cochrane Rachel K , Małek Katarzyna , Morabito Leah K , Prandoni Isabella , Smith Daniel J B 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Radio-mode feedback is a key ingredient in galaxy formation and evolution models, required to reproduce the observed properties of massive galaxies in the local Universe. We study the cosmic evolution of radio-active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback out to z ∼ 2.5 using a sample of 9485 radio-excess AGN. We combine the evolving radio luminosity functions with a radio luminosity scaling relationship to estimate AGN jet kinetic powers and derive the cosmic evolution of the kinetic luminosity density, Ωkin (i.e. the volume-averaged heating output). Compared to all radio-AGN, low-excitation radio galaxies dominate the feedback activity out to z ∼ 2.5, with both these populations showing a constant heating output of $\Omega _{\rm {kin}} \approx (4\!-\!5) \times 10^{32}\, \rm {W\, Mpc^{-3}}$ across 0.5 &lt; z &lt; 2.5. We compare our observations to predictions from semi-analytical and hydrodynamical simulations, which broadly match the observed evolution in Ωkin, although their absolute normalization varies. Comparison to the Semi-Analytic Galaxy Evolution (sage) model suggests that radio-AGN may provide sufficient heating to offset radiative cooling losses, providing evidence for a self-regulated AGN feedback cycle. We integrate the kinetic luminosity density across cosmic time to obtain the kinetic energy density output from AGN jets throughout cosmic history to be $\sim 10^{50}\, \rm {J\, Mpc^{-3}}$. Compared to AGN winds, the kinetic energy density from AGN jets dominates the energy budget at z ≲ 2; this suggests that AGN jets play an important role in AGN feedback across most of cosmic history.
Broad-emission-line dominated hydrogen-rich luminous supernovae
Authors: Pessi P J , Anderson J P , Folatelli G , Dessart L , González-Gaitán S , Möller A , Gutiérrez C P , Mattila S , Reynolds T M , Charalampopoulos P , Filippenko A V , Galbany L , Gal-Yam A , Gromadzki M , Hiramatsu D , Howell D A , Inserra C , Kankare E , Lunnan R , Martinez L , McCully C , Meza N , Müller-Bravo T E , Nicholl M , Pellegrino C , Pignata G , Sollerman J , Tucker B E , Wang X , Young D R 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Hydrogen-rich Type II supernovae (SNe II) are the most frequently observed class of core-collapse SNe (CCSNe). However, most studies that analyse large samples of SNe II lack events with absolute peak magnitudes brighter than −18.5 mag at rest-frame optical wavelengths. Thanks to modern surveys, the detected number of such luminous SNe II (LSNe II) is growing. There exist several mechanisms that could produce luminous SNe II. The most popular propose either the presence of a central engine (a magnetar gradually spinning down or a black hole accreting fallback material) or the interaction of supernova ejecta with circumstellar material (CSM) that turns kinetic energy into radiation energy. In this work, we study the light curves and spectral series of a small sample of six LSNe II that show peculiarities in their H α profile, to attempt to understand the underlying powering mechanism. We favour an interaction scenario with CSM that is not dense enough to be optically thick to electron scattering on large scales – thus, no narrow emission lines are observed. This conclusion is based on the observed light curve (higher luminosity, fast decline, blue colours) and spectral features (lack of persistent narrow lines, broad H α emission, lack of H α absorption, weak, or non-existent metal lines) together with comparison to other luminous events available in the literature. We add to the growing evidence that transients powered by ejecta–CSM interaction do not necessarily display persistent narrow emission lines.
Understanding the progenitor formation galaxies of merging binary black holes
Authors: Srinivasan Rahul , Lamberts Astrid , Bizouard Marie Anne , Bruel Tristan , Mastrogiovanni Simone 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
With nearly a hundred gravitational wave detections, the origin of black hole mergers has become a key question. Here, we focus on understanding the typical galactic environment in which binary black hole (BBH) mergers arise. To this end, we synthesize progenitors of BBH mergers as a function of the redshift of progenitor formation, present-day formation galaxy mass, and progenitor stellar metallicity for 240 star formation and binary evolution models. We provide guidelines to infer the formation galaxy properties and time of formation, highlighting the interplay between the star formation rate and the efficiency of forming merging BBHs from binary stars, both of which strongly depend on metallicity. We find that across models, over 50 per cent of BBH mergers have a progenitor metallicity of a few tenths of Solar metallicity, however, inferring formation galaxy properties strongly depends on both the binary evolution model and global metallicity evolution. The numerous, low-mass black holes (≲ 15 M⊙) trace the bulk of the star formation in galaxies heavier than the Milky Way (MGal ≳ 1010.5 M⊙). In contrast, heavier BBH mergers typically stem from larger black holes forming in lower metallicity dwarf galaxies (MGal ≲ 109 M⊙). We find that the progenitors of detectable BBHs tend to arise from dwarf galaxies at a lower formation redshift (≲1). We also produce a posterior probability of the progenitor environment for any detected gravitational wave signal. For the massive GW150914 merger, we show that it likely came from a very low-metallicity (Z ≲ 0.025 Z⊙) environment.
Classification of the Fermi-LAT blazar candidates of uncertain type using extreme gradient boosting
Authors: Tolamatti A , Singh K K , Yadav K K 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Machine learning based approaches are emerging as very powerful tools for many applications including source classification in astrophysics research due to the availability of huge high quality data from different surveys in observational astronomy. The Large Area Telescope on board Fermi satellite (Fermi-LAT) has discovered more than 6500 high energy gamma-ray sources in the sky from its survey over a decade. A significant fraction of sources observed by the Fermi-LAT either remains unassociated or has been identified as Blazar Candidates of Uncertain type (BCUs). We explore the potential of eXtreme Gradient Boosting – a supervised machine learning algorithm to identify the blazar subclasses among a sample of 112 BCUs of the 4FGL catalogue whose X-ray counterparts are available within 95 per cent uncertainty regions of the Fermi-LAT observations. We have used information from the multiwavelength observations in IR, optical, UV, X-ray, and γ-ray wavebands along with the redshift measurements reported in the literature for classification. Among the 112 uncertain type blazars, 62 are classified as BL Lacertae objects and six have been classified as flat spectrum radio quasars. This indicates a significant improvement with respect to the multiperceptron neural network based classification reported in the literature. Our study suggests that the gamma-ray spectral index, and IR colour indices are the most important features for identifying the blazar subclasses using the XGBoost classifier. We also explore the importance of redshift in the classification BCU candidates.
Do the Current Poor Owe Anything to Future Persons? The Transgenerational Community Principle and Prioritarianism
Authors: de-Shalit Avner 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The transgenerational community is based on moral similarity between contemporary and future people, referring to an ongoing moral deliberation across generations. It justifies obligations of justice towards the not yet born. Prioritarianism gives extra weight to the wellbeing of the least advantaged. I argue that both sentiments are egalitarian, and ask whether there is any tension between them. If we assume economic growth, and/or technological improvements and/or inflation, then prioritarianism prima facie implies that we should prefer to spend any dollar on today’s disadvantaged than on future generations, hence is in tension with the demands of the transgenerational community. Analyzing four ways of meeting this challenge, I argue that the two principles are not in tension.
Generationality: On Intergenerationality, Transgenerationality, and the ‘Generation War’
Authors: Comaroff John , Comaroff Jean 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
How are relations between generations shifting? As anthropologists, our take on intergenerational relations and the rationalities on which they are based—i.e., generationality—is historically situated. In many parts of the world, generation has become a major axis of social and political struggle, sometimes of bitter conflict. This, we argue, is a corollary of post-Cold War transformations in economy and society—and a radical rupture in processes of social reproduction. These transformations have conduced to the perception of a rising ‘generation war.’ How, then, in these circumstances, are we to think anew of intergenerational relations—and justice?
Prognostic improvement and treatment of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases until December 2022: Analysis of the JCR COVID-19 registry in Japan
Authors: Kashiwado Yusuke , Kimoto Yasutaka , Oku Kenji , Yamamoto Mari , Ohshima Shiro , Ito Satoshi , Horiuchi Takahiko , Takeuchi Tsutomu 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The aim is to evaluate the treatment and prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) according to the time of onset and dominant strain in patients with rheumatic diseases.

Methods
This study analysed a nationwide COVID-19 registry of Japanese patients with rheumatic diseases compiled between June 2020 and December 2022. The primary endpoints of the study were hypoxaemia incidence and mortality. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess differences according to the period of onset.

Results
A total of 760 patients were compared across four periods. Hypoxaemia rates were 34.9, 27.2, 13.8, and 6.1% and mortality rates were 5.6, 3.5, 1.8, and 0% until June 2021, between July and December 2021, January and June 2022, and July and December 2022, respectively. History of vaccination (odds ratio, 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.18–0.84) and onset during the July to December 2022 Omicron BA.5–dominant period (odds ratio, 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.07–0.41) were negatively associated with hypoxaemia in the multivariate model, adjusting for age, sex, obesity, glucocorticoid dose, and comorbidities. Over the Omicron-dominant period, antiviral treatment was administered in 30.5% of patients with a low probability of hypoxaemia.

Conclusions
COVID-19 prognosis improved over time in patients with rheumatic diseases, especially in the Omicron BA.5–dominant period. In the future, treatment of mild cases should be optimised.
Deducing the internal interfaces of twisted multilayer graphene via moiré-regulated surface conductivity
Authors: Wang Huan , Wang Sen , Zhang Shuai , Zhu Mengzhen , Ouyang Wengen , Li Qunyang 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The stacking state of atomic layers critically determines the physical properties of twisted van der Waals materials. Unfortunately, precise characterization of the stacked interfaces remains a great challenge as they are buried internally. With conductive atomic force microscopy, we show that the moiré superlattice structure formed at the embedded interfaces of small-angle twisted multilayer graphene (tMLG) can noticeably regulate surface conductivity even when the twisted interfaces are 10 atomic layers beneath the surface. Assisted by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, a theoretical model is proposed to correlate surface conductivity with the sequential stacking state of the graphene layers of tMLG. The theoretical model is then employed to extract the complex structure of a tMLG sample with crystalline defects. Probing and visualizing the internal stacking structures of twisted layered materials is essential for understanding their unique physical properties, and our work offers a powerful tool for this via simple surface conductivity mapping.
Respiratory, Cardiac, and Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Postacute Sequelae of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Lima, Peru
Authors: Rahman Rifat S , Tovar Marco A , Peinado Jesús , Palomino J Santiago , Ramirez Claudio , Llanos-Zavalaga Fernando , Peralta Ernesto , Valderrama Gissela , Ramos Cordova Lourdes B , Sanchez Cortez Lucero I , Rodriguez German , LaHood Allison N , Franke Molly F , Mitnick Carole D , Lecca Leonid , Velásquez Gustavo E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Few studies have examined the burden of postacute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (PASC) in low- and middle-income countries. We sought to characterize PASC with self-reported questionnaires and clinical examinations of end-organ function in Lima, Peru.

Methods
From January to July 2021, we recruited participants at least 8 weeks after COVID-19 diagnosis from a case registry in Lima, Peru. We evaluated participants for PASC with questionnaires, neuropsychiatric evaluations, chest X-ray, spirometry, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram. We used multivariable models to identify risk factors for PASC.

Results
We assessed 989 participants for PASC at a median 4.7 months after diagnosis. Clinically significant respiratory symptoms were reported by 68.3% of participants, particularly those who had been severely ill during acute COVID-19, and were associated with cardiac findings of ventricular hypertrophy or dilation on echocardiogram. Neuropsychiatric questionnaires were consistent with depression in 20.7% and cognitive impairment in 8.0%. Female sex and older age were associated with increased risk of respiratory (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.36 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.69–3.31] and aOR, 1.01 [95% CI, 1.00–1.03], respectively) and neuropsychiatric sequelae (aOR, 2.99 [95% CI, 2.16–4.18] and aOR, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.01–1.03], respectively).

Conclusions
COVID-19 survivors in Lima, Peru, experienced frequent postacute respiratory symptoms and depression, particularly among older and female participants. Clinical examinations highlighted the need for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation among persons with severe COVID-19; psychosocial support may be required among all COVID-19 survivors.
Struggling to Keep Up and Have a Good Life: A Qualitative Study of Living With Impaired Balance Control Due to Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Wallin Andreas , Franzén Erika , Ekman Urban , Johansson Sverker 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
We aimed to explore and describe the experiences of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) living with impaired balance control and how balance impairment can be managed in everyday life.

Methods
A qualitative design was used. Data were collected through semistructured interviews. Transcripts were analyzed using qualitative inductive content analysis. Sixteen participants (12 women) with MS and variation in level of balance control were interviewed. Age ranged between 35 and 64 years, and overall MS-disability ranged between 2.0 (mild) and 5.5 (moderate) according to the Expanded Disability Status Scale.

Results
Five main categories emerged: Balance is an automatic skill that now requires attention; contributors to balance impairment; burdens of balance impairment; management of balance impairment; and negotiation between capacity and ambition for continuing the good life. Body functions emphasized as central to keeping balance were somatosensory-motor functions, vision, and management of fatigue. Day-to-day variation in capacity and being in stimuli-rich environments were conditions highlighted as impacting balance. The main categories yielded the overarching theme of being restrained by impaired balance control and struggling to keep up.

Conclusion
Participants with MS described balance impairment as balance no longer being an automatic skill and having an adverse impact on everyday life. A strong effort was shown to not let shortcomings control and determine quality of life. To manage limitations and restrictions and to move forward in the struggle to keep up a good life, an extensive toolbox of strategies aiming to minimize the impact of balance impairment was used to maintain quality of life.

Impact
This study highlights the importance of person-centered health care in MS, with increased awareness of the individual perspective of how balance impairment is perceived. The person-centered focus increases both quality and efficiency in therapy since it involves the individual’s thoughts of a life where participation in valued activities is less restricted.
Mandatory Financial Disclosure and M&A Activity
Authors: Ortiz Marcelo , Peter Caspar David , Urzúa I Francisco , Volpin Paolo F 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Taking advantage of the implementation of the 2003 European Commission (EC) directive on financial reporting, we explore the impact of mandatory financial disclosure on mergers and acquisitions (M&A). We find robust evidence that the number (and volume) of private firms becoming an M&A target increases with mandatory disclosure. Analyses of cross-industry differences, deal-level data, and post-deal performance indicate that financial disclosure increases M&A activity by reducing information frictions in the market for corporate control.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online
Banks as Liquidity Multipliers
Authors: Carré Sylvain , Klossner Damien 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We characterize the interaction between banks’ liquid assets purchases and deposit issuance decisions. Using global games, we derive a liquidity multiplier: the amount of deposits a bank can create when endowed with one additional unit of liquid asset to maintain a given level of liquidity risk. In our central theorem, we prove it is larger than unity. This entails that banks have a special role in enhancing liquidity provision, “multiplying” liquid assets into a larger quantity of deposits. Our theory has implications for banks’ balance sheet choices, the pricing of liquid securities, and the role of public liquidity provision.
Herding in policy responses to coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Guo Jianfeng , Zhang Xuemei , Gu Fu , Zhu Jiannan , Deng Chao , Zhao Xinze , Yang Xiaohan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Governments have proposed various policy responses to contain the spread of coronavirus disease 2019, but there is little available knowledge about how these policies are formulated. Here we quantify the herding effect in the pandemic containment policies issued by governments of different regions during the period of 18 January 2020 to 29 May 2020, using a modified Lakonishok–Shleifer–Vishny approach. The results show that all the policies exhibit some degree of herding, and the policy herding in the USA is significantly stronger than that of China but weaker than that of the rest of the world. Specifically, the overall herding intensity in the policy responses of the Northern China is greater than that of the Southern China. We believe that policy herding is linked with risk aversion, which is triggered by perceived uncertainty associated with significant risk events. This work highlights the significance of resource sufficiency and preparedness.
Atmospheric Atomic Testing in Nevada, Shot Harry, and the Agency of Nature
Authors: Rice James 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Harry, a 32-kiloton tower shot in May of 1953, was the dirtiest atmospheric detonation ever conducted at the Nevada Test Site in terms of population exposure to radioactive contamination. Fallout descended upon St. George, Utah, and residents were instructed to shelter in place for approximately two hours. The timeline regarding Harry’s arrival in St. George and when the shelter in place directive was issued, however, remains the subject of controversy, as do the potential health effects. Harry not only illustrated the inadequacies of the Atomic Energy Commission’s (AEC) management of offsite fallout, but also called into question modernist assumptions of the command and control of nature. Based on archival analysis of AEC memorandum and reports as well as documents associated with civil litigation against the federal government, I more fully articulate the events surrounding shot Harry and highlight the implications for historical analysis more broadly.