bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schizophrenia as a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic health outcomes: a comparative risk assessment
Authors: Ali S. , Santomauro D. , Ferrari A. J , Charlson F. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Aims
Cardiometabolic diseases are responsible for the majority of premature deaths in people with schizophrenia. This study aimed to quantify the fatal burden of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), stroke and diabetes attributable to schizophrenia.

Methods
Comparative Risk Assessment methodology from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study was used to calculate attributable burden; pooled relative risks (RRs) for IHD, stroke and diabetes were estimated via meta-regression, which were combined with GBD schizophrenia prevalence estimates to calculate the deaths and years of life lost (YLLs) caused by these health outcomes that were attributable to schizophrenia. The proportion of explained all-cause fatal burden and corresponding unexplained burden was also calculated.

Results
The pooled RRs for IHD, stroke and diabetes mortality were 2.36 [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 1.77 to 3.14], 1.86 (95% UI 1.36 to 2.54) and 4.08 (95% UI 3.80 to 4.38) respectively. Schizophrenia was responsible for around 50 000 deaths and almost 1.5 million YLLs globally in 2019 from these health outcomes combined. IHD, stroke and diabetes together explained around 13% of all deaths and almost 11% of all YLLs attributable to schizophrenia, resulting in 320 660 (95% UI 288 299 to 356 517) unexplained deaths and 12 258 690 (95% UI 10 925 426 to 13 713 646) unexplained YLLs.

Conclusions
Quantifying the physical disease burden attributable to schizophrenia provides a means of capturing the substantial excess mortality associated with this disorder within the GBD framework, contributing to an important evidence base for healthcare planning and practice.
Hubble Detects the Start of a New Saturn Ring Spoke Season
Authors: Simon Amy A. , Hedman Matthew M. , Nicholson Philip D. , Tiscareno Matthew S. , Showalter Mark R. , McDonald Troy , Callos Samantha 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSaturn's ring spokes typically appear over an 8‐year duration centered on equinox. Hubble Space Telescope observations in 2021 indicate the beginning of a new spoke season as Saturn approaches equinox in 2025. The spokes show increased contrast and longevity in 2022, persisting for up to 11 hours. The spokes are visible from UV to near‐IR and are slightly bluer (i.e., less red) than the rings, but we find no significant wavelength dependence in the spectral contrast, which approximates their optical depth). Spoke rotation rates are between 606 and 626 min, consistent with either Keplerian rotation or possibly the variable rotation rate of Saturn's kilometric radiation. Spoke activity is expected to increase over the next several years.
Large‐Scale Disturbances in the Upper Thermosphere Induced by the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Li Ruoxi , Lei Jiuhou , Kusche Jürgen , Dang Tong , Huang Fuqing , Luan Xiaoli , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Yan Maodong , Yang Ziyi , Liu Feifan , Dou Xiankang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe effects of volcanic eruptions on the ionosphere have been well studied, however, evidence for the anticipated upper atmospheric neutral variations and their exact extents of change are rarely available. Here, we report dramatic thermospheric disturbances following the 15 January 2022 Tonga eruption. The GRACE‐FO and Swarm‐C observations from the accelerometers exhibited three successive thermospheric density waves at ∼500 km altitudes propagating concentrically across the globe at 200–450 m/s phase speed and two of the three waves converged at the antipode of the epicenter. A large‐scale and long‐lasting neutral density depletion within a radius of approximately 10,000 km around the epicenter occurred, along with the density enhancement around the antipode of the epicenter. Such an enhancement is comparable in the relative intensity with respect to the no‐eruption condition, to the effect of a moderate geomagnetic storm. This study offers observational evidence of substantial global upper thermospheric perturbations well above their origin near the Earth's surface due to a volcanic eruption.
Hourly Periodic Variations of Ultralow‐Frequency (ULF) Waves in Jupiter's Magnetosheath
Authors: Gu W. D. , Yao Z. H. , Pan D. X. , Xu Y. , Zhang B. , Delamere P. A. , Fu S. Y. , Xie L. , Ye S. Y. , Chen Y. N. , Dunn W. R. , Wei Y. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPeriodic variations are widely identified in the Jovian system, varying from 10 s of seconds to several days or even longer. These processes are strongly influenced by solar wind conditions, planetary rotation and Io's volcanic activity. Ultralow‐frequency (ULF) waves at 10 s of minutes, which are the typical time scale of field‐line resonance, are considered as a crucial process in driving the Jovian energy circulation. The longer time‐scale periodicities are likely associated with global mass circulation. In this study, we focus on multihour variations of the ULF wave energy, which are difficult to identify within the magnetosphere due to the rapid planetary rotation modulation. Using the magnetic field observations from Juno and Galileo in Jupiter's magnetosheath, we found multiple significant multihour periodicities, widely distributed from 2 to 10 hr, peaked at different values from case to case. The most common periodicities were between 3 and 5 hr, existing in both the dawn and dusk sides. These common periodicities are likely associated with the energy transport from the inside to the magnetosheath.
ERdj5 protects goblet cells from endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis under inflammatory conditions
Authors: Jeong Hyunjin , Hong Eun-Hye , Ahn Jae-Hee , Cho Jaewon , Jeong Jae-Hyeon , Kim Chae-Won , Yoon Byung-Il , Koo Ja Hyun , Park Yun-Yong , Yang Yoon Mee , Iwawaki Takao , Vallance Bruce A. , Chang Sun-Young , Ko Hyun-Jeong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum stress is closely associated with the onset and progression of inflammatory bowel disease. ERdj5 is an endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein disulfide reductase that mediates the cleavage and degradation of misfolded proteins. Although ERdj5 expression is significantly higher in the colonic tissues of patients with inflammatory bowel disease than in healthy controls, its role in inflammatory bowel disease has not yet been reported. In the current study, we used ERdj5-knockout mice to investigate the potential roles of ERdj5 in inflammatory bowel disease. ERdj5 deficiency causes severe inflammation in mouse colitis models and weakens gut barrier function by increasing NF-κB-mediated inflammation. ERdj5 may not be indispensable for goblet cell function under steady-state conditions, but its deficiency induces goblet cell apoptosis under inflammatory conditions. Treatment of ERdj5-knockout mice with the chemical chaperone ursodeoxycholic acid ameliorated severe colitis by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. These findings highlight the important role of ERdj5 in preserving goblet cell viability and function by resolving endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Association of maternal snuff use and smoking with Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: a national register study
Authors: Gunnerbeck Anna , Lundholm Cecilia , Rhedin Samuel , Mitha Ayoub , Chen Ruoqing , D’Onofrio Brian M. , Almqvist Catarina 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The aim was to study whether non-combustible nicotine (Swedish snuff) use in pregnancy is associated with elevated risk of post neonatal mortality, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), and Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID) and to study how cessation before the antenatal booking influenced these risks.

Methods
This was a population-based register study of all infants with information on tobacco exposure in early pregnancy born in Sweden 1999–2019, n = 2,061,514. Self-reported tobacco use in early pregnancy was categorized as nonuse, snuff use, and moderate and heavy smoking. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
Maternal snuff use was associated with increased risks of post neonatal mortality, SIDS, and SUID. The risks of snuff use and moderate smoking were of similar magnitude. Heavy smoking was associated with the highest risks. Cessation of smoking and snuff use before the antenatal booking was associated with lower risks of SIDS and SUID compared to that of continuous usage.

Conclusions
Maternal snuff use was associated with increased risks of post neonatal mortality, SIDS, and SUID. Nicotine is the common substance in cigarette smoke and snuff. These findings support the hypothesis that nicotine contributes to an elevated risk of SIDS.

Impact

Maternal snuff use and smoking in early pregnancy were associated with increased risks of post neonatal mortality, SIDS, and SUID.

Cessation of smoking and snuff use before the first antenatal visit was associated with reduced risks of SIDS and SUID.

The common substance in cigarette smoke and snuff is nicotine. Our findings suggest that nicotine contributes to an elevated risk of SIDS and SUID.

The implication of our findings is that all forms of nicotine should be avoided in pregnancy.
Multilayer networks of plasmid genetic similarity reveal potential pathways of gene transmission
Authors: Shapiro Julie Teresa , Zorea Alvah , Kav Aya Brown , Ontiveros Vicente J , Mizrahi Itzhak , Pilosof Shai 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant threat to public health. Plasmids are principal vectors of AMR genes, significantly contributing to their spread and mobility across hosts. Nevertheless, little is known about the dynamics of plasmid genetic exchange across animal hosts. Here, we use theory and methodology from network and disease ecology to investigate the potential of gene transmission between plasmids using a data set of 21 plasmidomes from a single dairy cow population. We constructed a multilayer network based on pairwise plasmid genetic similarity. Genetic similarity is a signature of past genetic exchange that can aid in identifying potential routes and mechanisms of gene transmission within and between cows. Links between cows dominated the transmission network, and plasmids containing mobility genes were more connected. Modularity analysis revealed a network cluster where all plasmids contained a mobM gene, and one where all plasmids contained a beta-lactamase gene. Cows that contain both clusters also share transmission pathways with many other cows, making them candidates for super-spreading. In support, we found signatures of gene super-spreading in which a few plasmids and cows are responsible for most gene exchange. An agent-based transmission model showed that a new gene invading the cow population will likely reach all cows. Finally, we showed that edge weights contain a non-random signature for the mechanisms of gene transmission, allowing us to differentiate between dispersal and genetic exchange. These results provide insights into how genes, including those providing AMR, spread across animal hosts.
Immortal-time bias in older vs younger age groups: a simulation study with application to a population-based cohort of patients with colon cancer
Authors: Pilleron Sophie , Maringe Camille , Morris Eva J. A. , Leyrat Clémence 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
In observational studies, the risk of immortal-time bias (ITB) increases with the likelihood of early death, itself increasing with age. We investigated how age impacts the magnitude of ITB when estimating the effect of surgery on 1-year overall survival (OS) in patients with Stage IV colon cancer aged 50–74 and 75–84 in England.

Methods
Using simulations, we compared estimates from a time-fixed exposure model to three statistical methods addressing ITB: time-varying exposure, delayed entry and landmark methods. We then estimated the effect of surgery on OS using a population-based cohort of patients from the CORECT-R resource and conducted the analysis using the emulated target trial framework.

Results
In simulations, the magnitude of ITB was larger among older patients when their probability of early death increased or treatment was delayed. The bias was corrected using the methods addressing ITB. When applied to CORECT-R data, these methods yielded a smaller effect of surgery than the time-fixed exposure approach but effects were similar in both age groups.

Conclusion
ITB must be addressed in all longitudinal studies, particularly, when investigating the effect of exposure on an outcome in different groups of people (e.g., age groups) with different distributions of exposure and outcomes.
Johann Gregor Mendel: the victory of statistics over human imagination
Authors: Raudenska Martina , Vicar Tomas , Gumulec Jaromir , Masarik Michal 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn 2022, we celebrated 200 years since the birth of Johann Gregor Mendel. Although his contributions to science went unrecognized during his lifetime, Mendel not only described the principles of monogenic inheritance but also pioneered the modern way of doing science based on precise experimental data acquisition and evaluation. Novel statistical and algorithmic approaches are now at the center of scientific work, showing that work that is considered marginal in one era can become a mainstream research approach in the next era. The onset of data-driven science caused a shift from hypothesis-testing to hypothesis-generating approaches in science. Mendel is remembered here as a promoter of this approach, and the benefits of big data and statistical approaches are discussed.
2022 Renal denervation therapy for the treatment of hypertension: a statement from the Thai Hypertension Society
Authors: Roubsanthisuk Weranuj , Kunanon Sirisawat , Chattranukulchai Pairoj , Panchavinnin Pariya , Wongpraparut Nattawut , Chaipromprasit Jarkarpun , Pienvichitr Pavit , Ayudhya Rapeephon Kunjara Na , Sukonthasarn Apichard ,   on behalf of Thai Hypertension Society
Published: February 2023

AbstractHypertension remains a significant risk factor for major cardiovascular events worldwide. Poor adherence to treatment is extremely common in clinical practice, leading to uncontrolled hypertension. However, some patients with resistant hypertension still have uncontrolled blood pressure despite good medical compliance. A specific group of patients also develop adverse reactions to many blood pressure-lowering medications. These scenarios indicate that innovative strategies to lower blood pressure in challenging cases of hypertension are needed. The blood pressure-lowering efficacy of catheter-based renal denervation therapy to decrease sympathetic tone has been confirmed in many publications in recent years. Apart from both the invasiveness and the expensiveness of this technology, appropriate case selection to undergo this procedure is still developing. The utilization of renal denervation therapy for hypertension treatment in Thailand has lasted for 10 years with a good response in most cases. Currently, only certain interventionists at a few medical schools in Thailand can perform this procedure. However, more physicians are now interested in applying this technology to their patients. The Thai Hypertension Society Committee has reviewed updated information to provide principles for the appropriate utilization of renal denervation therapy. The blood pressure-lowering mechanism, efficacy, suitable patient selection, pre- and postprocedural assessment and procedural safety of renal denervation are included in this statement.
Interfacial solute flux promotes emulsification at the water|oil interface
Authors: Colón-Quintana Guillermo S. , Clarke Thomas B. , Dick Jeffrey E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEmulsions are critical across a broad spectrum of industries. Unfortunately, emulsification requires a significant driving force for droplet dispersion. Here, we demonstrate a mechanism of spontaneous droplet formation (emulsification), where the interfacial solute flux promotes droplet formation at the liquid-liquid interface when a phase transfer agent is present. We have termed this phenomenon fluxification. For example, when HAuCl4 is dissolved in an aqueous phase and [NBu4][ClO4] is dissolved in an oil phase, emulsion droplets (both water-in-oil and oil-in-water) can be observed at the interface for various oil phases (1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, chloroform, and nitrobenzene). Emulsification occurs when AuCl4– interacts with NBu4+, a well-known phase-transfer agent, and transfers into the oil phase while ClO4– transfers into the aqueous phase to maintain electroneutrality. The phase transfer of SCN– and Fe(CN)63– also produce droplets. We propose a microscopic mechanism of droplet formation and discuss design principles by tuning experimental parameters.
Mitotic DNA synthesis in response to replication stress requires the sequential action of DNA polymerases zeta and delta in human cells
Authors: Wu Wei , Barwacz Szymon A. , Bhowmick Rahul , Lundgaard Katrine , Gonçalves Dinis Marisa M. , Clausen Malgorzata , Kanemaki Masato T. , Liu Ying 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOncogene activation creates DNA replication stress (RS) in cancer cells, which can generate under-replicated DNA regions (UDRs) that persist until cells enter mitosis. UDRs also have the potential to generate DNA bridges in anaphase cells or micronuclei in the daughter cells, which could promote genomic instability. To suppress such damaging changes to the genome, human cells have developed a strategy to conduct ‘unscheduled’ DNA synthesis in mitosis (termed MiDAS) that serves to rescue under-replicated loci. Previous studies have shown that MiDAS proceeds via a POLD3-dependent pathway that shows some features of break-induced replication. Here, we define how human cells utilize both DNA gap filling (REV1 and Pol ζ) and replicative (Pol δ) DNA polymerases to complete genome duplication following a perturbed S-phase. We present evidence for the existence of a polymerase-switch during MiDAS that is required for new DNA synthesis at UDRs. Moreover, we reveal that, upon oncogene activation, cancer cell survival is significantly compromised when REV1 is depleted, suggesting that REV1 inhibition might be a feasible approach for the treatment of some human cancers.
Field programmable spin arrays for scalable quantum repeaters
Authors: Wang Hanfeng , Trusheim Matthew E. , Kim Laura , Raniwala Hamza , Englund Dirk R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe large scale control over thousands of quantum emitters desired by quantum network technology is limited by the power consumption and cross-talk inherent in current microwave techniques. Here we propose a quantum repeater architecture based on densely-packed diamond color centers (CCs) in a programmable electrode array, with quantum gates driven by electric or strain fields. This ‘field programmable spin array’ (FPSA) enables high-speed spin control of individual CCs with low cross-talk and power dissipation. Integrated in a slow-light waveguide for efficient optical coupling, the FPSA serves as a quantum interface for optically-mediated entanglement. We evaluate the performance of the FPSA architecture in comparison to a routing-tree design and show an increased entanglement generation rate scaling into the thousand-qubit regime. Our results enable high fidelity control of dense quantum emitter arrays for scalable networking.
Visualizing RNA conformational and architectural heterogeneity in solution
Authors: Ding Jienyu , Lee Yun-Tzai , Bhandari Yuba , Schwieters Charles D. , Fan Lixin , Yu Ping , Tarosov Sergey G. , Stagno Jason R. , Ma Buyong , Nussinov Ruth , Rein Alan , Zhang Jinwei , Wang Yun-Xing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRNA flexibility is reflected in its heterogeneous conformation. Through direct visualization using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the adenosylcobalamin riboswitch aptamer domain as an example, we show that a single RNA sequence folds into conformationally and architecturally heterogeneous structures under near-physiological solution conditions. Recapitulated 3D topological structures from AFM molecular surfaces reveal that all conformers share the same secondary structural elements. Only a population-weighted cohort, not any single conformer, including the crystal structure, can account for the ensemble behaviors observed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). All conformers except one are functionally active in terms of ligand binding. Our findings provide direct visual evidence that the sequence-structure relationship of RNA under physiologically relevant solution conditions is more complex than the one-to-one relationship for well-structured proteins. The direct visualization of conformational and architectural ensembles at the single-molecule level in solution may suggest new approaches to RNA structural analyses.
Enhanced charge density wave with mobile superconducting vortices in La1.885Sr0.115CuO4
Authors: Wen J.-J. , He W. , Jang H. , Nojiri H. , Matsuzawa S. , Song S. , Chollet M. , Zhu D. , Liu Y.-J. , Fujita M. , Jiang J. M. , Rotundu C. R. , Kao C.-C. , Jiang H.-C. , Lee J.-S. , Lee Y. S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSuperconductivity in the cuprates is found to be intertwined with charge and spin density waves. Determining the interactions between the different types of order is crucial for understanding these important materials. Here, we elucidate the role of the charge density wave (CDW) in the prototypical cuprate La1.885Sr0.115CuO4, by studying the effects of large magnetic fields (H) up to 24 Tesla. At low temperatures (T), the observed CDW peaks reveal two distinct regions in the material: a majority phase with short-range CDW coexisting with superconductivity, and a minority phase with longer-range CDW coexisting with static spin density wave (SDW). With increasing magnetic field, the CDW first grows smoothly in a manner similar to the SDW. However, at high fields we discover a sudden increase in the CDW amplitude upon entering the vortex-liquid state. Our results signify strong coupling of the CDW to mobile superconducting vortices and link enhanced CDW amplitude with local superconducting pairing across the H − T phase diagram.
A CpG island-encoded mechanism protects genes from premature transcription termination
Authors: Hughes Amy L. , Szczurek Aleksander T. , Kelley Jessica R. , Lastuvkova Anna , Turberfield Anne H. , Dimitrova Emilia , Blackledge Neil P. , Klose Robert J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTranscription must be tightly controlled to regulate gene expression and development. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that influence transcription and how these are coordinated in cells to ensure normal gene expression remains rudimentary. Here, by dissecting the function of the SET1 chromatin-modifying complexes that bind to CpG island-associated gene promoters, we discover that they play a specific and essential role in enabling the expression of low to moderately transcribed genes. Counterintuitively, this effect can occur independently of SET1 complex histone-modifying activity and instead relies on an interaction with the RNA Polymerase II-binding protein WDR82. Unexpectedly, we discover that SET1 complexes enable gene expression by antagonising premature transcription termination by the ZC3H4/WDR82 complex at CpG island-associated genes. In contrast, at extragenic sites of transcription, which typically lack CpG islands and SET1 complex occupancy, we show that the activity of ZC3H4/WDR82 is unopposed. Therefore, we reveal a gene regulatory mechanism whereby CpG islands are bound by a protein complex that specifically protects genic transcripts from premature termination, effectively distinguishing genic from extragenic transcription and enabling normal gene expression.