bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-occurring homelessness, justice involvement, opioid dependence and psychosis: a cross-sectoral data linkage study
Authors: Tweed Emily J , Leyland Alastair H , Morrison David S , Katikireddi S Vittal 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdministrative data offer unique opportunities for researching experiences which pose barriers to participation in primary research and household surveys. Experiencing multiple social disadvantages is associated with very poor health outcomes, but little is known about how often this occurs and what combinations are most common. We linked administrative data across public services to create a novel population cohort containing information on experiences of homelessness, justice involvement, opioid dependence and psychosis.MethodsWe securely linked administrative data from (i) a population register derived from general practitioner registrations; (ii) local authority homelessness applications; (iii) prison records; (iv) criminal justice social work reports; (v) community dispensing for opioid substitution therapy; and (vi) a psychosis clinical register, for people aged ≥18 years resident in Glasgow, Scotland between 01 April 2010 and 31 March 2014. We estimated period prevalence and compared demographic characteristics for different combinations.ResultsOf 536 653 individuals in the cohort, 28 112 (5.2%) had at least one of the experiences of interest during the study period and 5178 (1.0%) had more than one. Prevalence of individual experiences varied from 2.4% (homelessness) to 0.7% (psychosis). The proportion of people with multiple co-occurring experiences was highest for imprisonment (50%) and lowest for psychosis (14%). Most combinations showed a predominance of men living in the most deprived areas of Scotland.ConclusionsCross-sectoral record linkage to study multiple forms of social disadvantage showed that co-occurrence of these experiences was relatively common. Following this demonstration of feasibility, these methods offer opportunities for evaluating the health impacts of policy and service change.
Regional variations in multimorbidity burden among office-based physicians in Germany
Authors: Geiger Isabel , Flemming Ronja , Schüttig Wiebke , Sundmacher Leonie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundMultimorbidity is associated with higher utilization of healthcare services. However, many countries do not consider multimorbidity when estimating physician supply. The main aim of this study was to assess how regional multimorbidity levels can be integrated when estimating the need for office-based physician supply.MethodsClaims data were used to measure and compare the proportions of multimorbid patients of GPs, ophthalmologists, orthopaedic specialists and neurologists, and examine spatial variations through Bernoulli cluster analysis of regional multimorbidity levels. To explore the interrelationship between current capacities and spatial occurrence of high-rate clusters, clusters were compared with the current supply of physicians.ResultsAbout 17 239 488 individuals out of approximately 67 million records were classified as multimorbid. Multimorbidity levels varied greatly between physician disciplines (31.5–60.1%). Bernoulli cluster analysis demonstrated that many high-rate areas were found for all specialized physicians, but clusters varied partially by size and location. The comparison with current physician supply at cluster level showed that more than a third of clusters with a significantly higher share of morbid patients seeing a GP are met, on an average, by GP supply below targeted values. In turn, clusters with significantly higher multimorbidity levels of specialized physicians were met, on an average, by supply that exceeded targeted values.ConclusionOur study offers an approach to how to include discipline-specific multimorbidity at area level when estimating physician supply and discusses its relevance. The outcomes of our article can be used by policymakers to advance current planning strategies and to improve the quality of office-based care.
Connective tissue presentation in two families expands the phenotypic spectrum of PYROXD1 disorders
Authors: Evesson Frances J , Dziaduch Gregory , Bryen Samantha J , Moore Francesca , Pittman Sara , Devanapalli Beena , Waddell Leigh B , Ryan Monique M , Menezes Manoj P , Weihl Conrad C , Tolun Adviye Ayper , Zaidman Craig , Young Helen , Adès Lesley C , Cooper Sandra T 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Recessive variants in the oxidoreductase PYROXD1 are reported to cause a myopathy in 22 affected individuals from 15 families. Here, we describe two female probands from unrelated families presenting with features of a congenital connective tissue disorder including osteopenia, blue sclera, soft skin, joint hypermobility and neuromuscular junction dysfunction in addition to known features of PYROXD1 myopathy including respiratory difficulties, weakness, hypotonia and oromotor dysfunction. Proband AII:1 is compound heterozygous for the recurrent PYROXD1 variant Chr12(GRCh38):g.21452130A&gt;G;NM_024854.5:c.464A&gt;G;p.(N155S) and Chr12(GRCh38):g.21462019_21462022del;NM_024854.5:c.892_895del;p.(V298Mfs*4) and proband BII:1 is compound heterozygous for Chr12(GRCh38):g.21468739-21468741del;NM_024854.5:c.1488_1490del;p.(E496del) and Chr12(GRCh38):g.21467619del;NM_024854.5:c.1254+1del. RNA studies demonstrate c.892_895del;p.(V298Mfs*4) is targeted by nonsense mediated decay and c.1254+1delG elicits in-frame skipping of exon-11. Western blot from cultured fibroblasts shows reduced PYROXD1 protein levels in both probands. Testing urine from BII:1 and six individuals with PYROXD1 myopathy showed elevated levels of deoxypyridinoline, a mature collagen crosslink, correlating with PYROXD1-disorder severity. Urine and serum amino acid testing of the same individuals revealed no reportable changes. In contrast to PYROXD1 knock-out, we find no evidence for disrupted tRNA ligase activity, as measured via XBP1 splicing, in fibroblasts expressing PYROXD1 variants. In summary, we expand the clinical spectrum of PYROXD1-related disorders to include an overlapping connective tissue and myopathy presentation, identify three novel, pathogenic PYROXD1 variants, and provide preliminary evidence that elevated urine DPD crosslinks may provide a clinical biomarker for PYROXD1 disorders. Our results advocate consideration of PYROXD1 variants in the differential diagnosis for undiagnosed individuals presenting with a connective tissue disorder and myopathy.
Generalized Logarithmic Sheaf on Smooth Projective Surfaces
Authors: Huh S , Marchesi S , Pons-Llopis J , Vallès J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We define the notion of generalized logarithmic sheaves on a smooth projective surface, associated to a pair consisting of a reduced curve and some fixed points on it. We then set up the study of the Torelli property in this setting, focusing mostly in the case of the blow-up of the projective plane on a reduced set of points and, in particular, in the case of the cubic surface. We also study the stability property of generalized logarithmic sheaves as well as carrying out the description of their moduli spaces.
Burn Injury Cutaneous Functional Units: Allocating Occupational Therapy Resources and Influencing Practice
Authors: Hartl Grace , Fletchall Sandra , Velamuri Sai Ramakrishna 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Burn injury severity is currently determined by estimating the total body surface area (TBSA) burned, but this method fails to capture the severity of subsequent functional consequences. Alternatively, cutaneous functional units (CFUs)––skin segments that accommodate for movement and commonly become contracted––can be used to more accurately estimate burn severity based on functional consequences. Bilateral hands account for 81.3% of the body’s CFUs, though only account for 5% of TBSA. However, hand burn survivors can have worse physical outcomes (ie, contractures, deformities) after burn injury, leading to subsequent loss of function, global occupational participation deficits, and poor psychosocial outcomes. This study, conducted at a verified American Burn Association burn center, explores how CFU involvement among adult burn survivors with uni and bilateral hand and upper extremity burns influenced occupational therapy practice in regards to time spent completing scar and soft tissue elongation techniques from the elbow to the digit tips per patient. The data showed, on average, burn occupational therapists require 0.8 minutes per CFU for an average total of 38.7 (SD = 29.5) minutes each session to complete scar and soft tissue elongation techniques to the upper extremities. The results of this study can be used to educate burn centers on the clinical utility of CFUs, burn occupational therapists regarding best-practice in terms of utilization of therapist time and resources, as well as support the justification for increasing occupational therapy services for patients with upper extremity and hand burns, and increasing staffing to meet patient need.
Heat challenge elicits stronger physiological and gene expression responses than starvation in symbiotic Oculina arbuscula
Authors: Rivera Hanny E , Tramonte Carlos A , Samaroo Jason , Dickerson Hayden , Davies Sarah W 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Heterotrophy has been shown to mitigate coral–algal dysbiosis (coral bleaching) under heat challenge, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain largely unexplored. Here, we quantified coral physiology and gene expression of fragments from 13 genotypes of symbiotic Oculina arbuscula after a 28-d feeding experiment under (1) fed, ambient (24 °C); (2) unfed, ambient; (3) fed, heated (ramp to 33 °C); and (4) unfed, heated treatments. We monitored algal photosynthetic efficiency throughout the experiment, and after 28 d, profiled coral and algal carbohydrate and protein reserves, coral gene expression, algal cell densities, and chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-c2 pigments. Contrary to previous findings, heterotrophy did little to mitigate the impacts of temperature, and we observed few significant differences in physiology between fed and unfed corals under heat challenge. Our results suggest the duration and intensity of starvation and thermal challenge play meaningful roles in coral energetics and stress response; future work exploring these thresholds and how they may impact coral responses under changing climate is urgently needed. Gene expression patterns under heat challenge in fed and unfed corals showed gene ontology enrichment patterns consistent with classic signatures of the environmental stress response. While gene expression differences between fed and unfed corals under heat challenge were subtle: Unfed, heated corals uniquely upregulated genes associated with cell cycle functions, an indication that starvation may induce the previously described, milder “type B” coral stress response. Future studies interested in disentangling the influence of heterotrophy on coral bleaching would benefit from leveraging the facultative species studied here, but using the coral in its symbiotic and aposymbiotic states.
Genome assemblies and comparison of two Neotropical spiral gingers: Costus pulverulentus and C. lasius
Authors: Harenčár Julia , Vargas Oscar M , Escalona Merly , Schemske Douglas W , Kay Kathleen M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The spiral gingers (Costus L.) are a pantropical genus of herbaceous perennial monocots; the Neotropical clade of Costus radiated rapidly in the past few million years into over 60 species. The Neotropical spiral gingers have a rich history of evolutionary and ecological research that can motivate and inform modern genetic investigations. Here, we present the first 2 chromosome-level genome assemblies in the genus, for C. pulverulentus and C. lasius, and briefly compare their synteny. We assembled the C. pulverulentus genome from a combination of short-read data, Chicago and Dovetail Hi-C chromatin-proximity sequencing, and alignment with a linkage map. We annotated the genome by mapping a C. pulverulentus transcriptome and querying mapped transcripts against a protein database. We assembled the C. lasius genome with Pacific Biosciences HiFi long reads and alignment to the C. pulverulentus genome. These 2 assemblies are the first published genomes for non-cultivated tropical plants. These genomes solidify the spiral gingers as a model system and will facilitate research on the poorly understood genetic basis of tropical plant diversification.
Formulations of essential oils obtained from plants traditionally used as condiments or traditional medicine active againstStaphylococcus aureusisolated from dairy cows with mastitis
Authors: Albuquerque Kamylla Rafaella Sena , Purgato Gislaine Aparecida , Píccolo Mayra Soares , Rodrigues Fábio Feres , Pizziolo Virgínia Ramos , Muñoz Gaspar Diaz , Rossi Ciro César , Diaz Marisa Alves Nogueira 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe prophylactic and therapeutic overuse of antimicrobials on the farm has contributed to the emergence of hard-to-fight bacterial strains causing bovine mastitis. Aiming at alternative therapies, this study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of 20 essential oils against clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains. Of them, five with strong activities were selected and evaluated for their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in culture medium and milk, cytotoxicity against bovine mammary cells (MAC-T), antiadhesive properties, and interactions among themselves and with cefoperazone. The oils remained active on milk, were not cytotoxic, and some concentrations stimulated MAC-T cells growth, suggesting healing potential. Subinhibitory concentrations of Coriandrum sativum, Origanum vulgare, Syzygium aromaticum, and Thymus vulgaris reduced biofilm formation by at least 80%. Several oil and cefoperazone combinations displayed additive interaction, with O. vulgare and C. sativum showing the most promising results. We developed formulations for being used as prophylactic postdipping solutions in the field, containing different concentrations (1% or 3%) of the active oils, alone or in combination, with 3% glycerin, 1% Tween 80, and water. The formulations showed strong antimicrobial activity in milk and enhanced antiadhesive properties, specially when two oils were combined in the formula, indicating promising biotechnological and therapeutical applications.
The Garden as Interior: Reading Schoenberg’s Gardens in Context
Authors: Menicanin Sadie 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
This article offers a new reading of the garden in Schoenberg’s Erwartung, a domestic retreat wistfully remembered by the Woman as she wanders in a nocturnal forest. Theorizing interiority as a defining facet of the monodrama’s garden, the article traces this quality across literal and metaphorical dimensions. Through considerations of early twentieth-century Viennese urban planning and garden design, women’s horticultural professionalization, and discourses around the relevance of green space for psychological wellness, the guiding interpretative notion of a garden interior is grounded in context. Gardens in two other of Schoenberg’s works roughly contemporary with Erwartung—Das Buch der hängenden Gärten and Herzgewächse—are similarly shown to engage with interior space in sounding and textual-thematic domains. Moving past Freudian symbolic interpretations, Erwartung’s garden is instead understood as a sounding space and a social and material entity embedded in the practices and anxieties of modern Viennese life.
Is green the new black? Black-backed Woodpecker vital rates do not differ between unburned and burned forests within a pyrodiverse landscape
Authors: Kerstens Mark E , Rivers James W 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWoodpeckers often reflect rapid changes to forest health and serve as indicator species to help guide forest management decisions. The Black-backed Woodpecker (Picoides arcticus) is known for its strong association with recently burned forests and is a species of conservation concern due to habitat loss stemming from post-fire management of burned forest. Several studies have found the Black-backed Woodpecker occupying extensive areas of unburned (i.e., green) forests in the western part of its range during the breeding season, raising questions about whether green forests can support viable nesting populations in this region. We studied breeding Black-backed Woodpeckers in southern Oregon, USA to evaluate whether 2 vital rates critical to population recruitment—nest survival and post-fledging survival—differed between green and burned forests. During 2018, 2019, and 2021, we monitored 91 Black-backed Woodpecker nests (n = 34 in green forest, n = 57 in burned forest) and found that neither daily nest survival rate nor reproductive output (i.e., the number of fledglings per successful nest) differed between nests located in green and burned forest; however, nestling body condition was slightly enhanced in green forest. We also quantified survival of recently fledged individuals using VHF radio telemetry and found that the survival rate of birds in green forest was nearly identical to those in burned forest, with most mortalities occurring within 4 weeks of fledging. Our results indicate that Black-backed Woodpeckers in green forests were equally successful at breeding as conspecifics in recently burned forest, although densities of nesting pairs in green forest were lower than those in burned forest. Our findings indicate certain types of green forest, particularly mature lodgepole pine, can support viable populations of the Black-backed Woodpecker in the western portion of its range. This finding has conservation implications given that green forest occupies much of the forested landscape in this region and is often juxtaposed to areas subjected to high severity fire. Therefore, practices that promote pyrodiversity—landscape-level spatial and temporal variability in fire effects—as well as connectivity between green and burned forest within fire-prone landscapes are likely to provide the greatest conservation benefit for this species.
Impacts of Taxon-Sampling Schemes on Bayesian Tip Dating Under the Fossilized Birth-Death Process
Authors: Luo Arong , Zhang Chi , Zhou Qing-Song , Ho Simon Y W , Zhu Chao-Dong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Evolutionary timescales can be inferred by molecular-clock analyses of genetic data and fossil evidence. Bayesian phylogenetic methods such as tip dating provide a powerful framework for inferring evolutionary timescales, but the most widely used priors for tree topologies and node times often assume that present-day taxa have been sampled randomly or exhaustively. In practice, taxon sampling is often carried out so as to include representatives of major lineages, such as orders or families. We examined the impacts of different densities of diversified sampling on Bayesian tip dating on unresolved fossilized birth-death (FBD) trees, in which fossil taxa are topologically constrained but their exact placements are averaged out. We used synthetic data generated by simulations of nucleotide sequence evolution, fossil occurrences, and diversified taxon sampling. Our analyses under the diversified-sampling FBD process show that increasing taxon-sampling density does not necessarily improve divergence-time estimates. However, when informative priors were specified for the root age or when tree topologies were fixed to those used for simulation, the performance of tip dating on unresolved FBD trees maintains its accuracy and precision or improves with taxon-sampling density. By exploring three situations in which models are mismatched, we find that including all relevant fossils, without pruning off those that are incompatible with the diversified-sampling FBD process, can lead to underestimation of divergence times. Our reanalysis of a eutherian mammal data set confirms some of the findings from our simulation study, and reveals the complexity of diversified taxon sampling in phylogenomic data sets. In highlighting the interplay of taxon-sampling density and other factors, the results of our study have practical implications for using Bayesian tip dating to infer evolutionary timescales across the Tree of Life. [Bayesian tip dating; eutherian mammals; fossilized birth-death process; phylogenomics; taxon sampling.]
The selective drivers of allometry in sharks (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii)
Authors: Gayford Joel H , Whitehead Darren A , Ketchum James T , Field Daniel J 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn addition to the selective importance of interspecific morphological variation, ontogenetic morphological variation may reflect different selective regimes to which successive developmental stages are subjected. The typical body form of carcharhiniform sharks is considered relatively conserved, yet sharks exhibit a wide range of body sizes and shapes, representing adaptations to distinct ecological niches. Previous investigations of ontogenetic shifts in shark body form have provided evidence for both isometric and allometric changes, depending on the morphological characters and species investigated. These findings have led to suggestions of a relationship between body size and allometric growth in sharks. In this study we present evidence of ontogenetic allometric shifts in two species of carcharhiniform sharks (Sphyrna lewini and Rhizoprionodon longurio) from novel measurements. Our results are generally consistent with previous suggestions of body form conservatism across shark phylogeny, yet also suggest potential selective factors underlying observed instances of ontogenetic allometric shifts, and highlight where additional studies are required. We propose the ‘allometric niche shift’ hypothesis for interspecific differences in scaling trends, suggesting that long-distance movements and ontogenetic trophic niche shifts represent key drivers of allometry in sharks.