bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuberculosis treatment outcomes of retreated pulmonary tuberculosis patients with isoniazid-resistant and rifampicin-resistant
Authors: Zhang Lijie , Han Xiqin , Ge Qiping , Shu Wei , Sun Yuxian , Gao Jingtao , Xie Shiheng , Wang Jingping , Gao Weiwei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background About 8% of TB cases worldwide are estimated to have rifampicin-susceptible, isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis (Hr-TB), ranging from 5 to 11% regions. However, Hr-TB has not received much attention while comparing to be given high priority to the management of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB). This study aimed to compare the differences of treatment effects for Hr-TB and RR-TB retreated pulmonary tuberculosis, so as to intensify the treatment and management of Hr-TB.
Methods A retrospective study was used to collect bacteriologically positive retreated pulmonary tuberculosis patients with isoniazid-resistant and rifampicin-resistant, who were conducted at 29 tuberculosis control institutions in China from July 2009 to June 2021. We assessed effectiveness and safety of retreated pulmonary tuberculosis patients with isoniazid-resistant and rifampicin-resistant.
Results A total of 147 with either positive smear or cultures were enrolled, and 80 cases were in Hr-TBgroup and 67 cases were in RR-TB group. There was no significant difference in terms of age, sex, body mass, type of retreatment and comorbid diabetes between the two groups (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference (P=0.166) with regard to the treatment outcomes of the two groups, the cure rates were 54.7% (41/75) and 53.6% (30/56), respectively, and the failure rate in Hr- TB group 22.7% (17/75) was 10% higher than RR-TBgroup 10.7% (6/56). The rate of negative sputum smear at the end of the second month (65.7%) in the Hr-TB group was significantly lower than that in the RR-TB group (85.7%) (P=0.025). There were no significant differences in the incidences of serious adverse reactions and chest X-ray changes between the two groups (P>0.05). During the 5-year follow-up, recurrence in the Hr-TB group (7 cases, 14.9%) was no significantly lower than that in the RR-TB group (4 cases, 11.8%) (P=0.754).
Conclusion The negative conversion rate and success rate of treatment in retreated Hr-TB patients were lower than RR-TB patients. The treatment outcomes of retreated Hr-TB patients with needs to improve and should receive the same level of attention as rifampicin resistance does.
Anticipatory Prescribing of Injectable Controlled Drugs (ICDs) in Care Homes: a qualitative observational study of Staff Role, Uncertain Dying and Hospital Transfer at the End-of-Life
Authors: Teggi Diana , Woodthorpe Kate 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background: The anticipatory prescribing of injectable controlled drugs (ICDs) by general practitioners (GPs) to care home residents is common practice and is believed to reduce emergency hospital transfers at the end-of-life. However, evidence about the process of ICD prescribing and how it affects residents’ hospital transfer is limited. The study examined how care home nurses and senior carers (senior staff) describe their role in ICDs prescribing and identify that role to affect residents’ hospital transfers at the end-of-life.
Methods: 1,440 hours of participant observation in five care homes in England between May 2019 and March 2020. Semi-structured interviews with a range of staff. Interviews (n = 25) and fieldnotes (2,761 handwritten A5 pages) were analysed thematically.
Results: Senior staff request GPs to prescribe ICDs ahead of residents’ expected death and review prescribed ICDs for as long as residents survive. Senior staff use this mechanism to ascertain the clinical appropriateness of withholding potentially life-extending emergency care (which usually led to hospital transfer) and demonstrate safe care provision to GPs certifying the medical cause of death. This enables senior staff to facilitate a care home death for residents experiencing uncertain dying trajectories.
Conclusion: Senior staff use GPs’ prescriptions and reviews of ICDs to pre-empt hospital transfers at the end-of-life. Policy should indicate a clear timeframe for ICD review to make hospital transfer avoidance less reliant on trust between senior staff and GPs. The timeframe should match the period before death allowing GPs to certify death without triggering a Coroner’s referral.
A retrospective descriptive analysis of community-engaged research projects improving rural health outcomes
Authors: Nasir Bushra , Chater Bruce , McGrail Matthew , Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan Srinivas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background:
Most rural populations experience significant health disadvantages. Community-engaged research can facilitate the translation of scientific knowledge to improving their health status. Connecting scholars with community based frontline practices address local health and medical needs helps establish a robust pipeline for research that can inform community priorities. This study aims to provide an understanding of the health status of the local rural communities through community-engaged Rural Health Projects (RHPs) conducted as part of a Doctor of Medicine program. The RHPs identify issues of health concern, to then develop future localised solutions.
Methods:
This study conducted a retrospective analysis of RHPs conducted between 2011 and 2021 in rural and remote Australian communities. Descriptive analyses were used to present RHP locations by their geographical classification and disease/research categorisation using the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems – 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes and the Human Research Classification System (HRCS) categories.
Results:
There were a total of 2806 eligible RHPs conducted between 2011 and 2021, predominantly in Queensland (n=2728, 97·2%). These were mostly conducted in small rural towns (under 5,000 population, n=1044, 37·2%) or other rural towns up to 15,000 population (n=842, 30·0%). Projects mostly addressed individual care needs (n=1233, 43·9%) according to HRCS categories, or were related to factors influencing health status and contact with health services (n=1012, 36·1%) according to ICD-10 classification.
Conclusions:
Conducting community focused RHPs demonstrates a valuable approach to foster improved rural health outcomes by engaging medical students in research projects while simultaneously enhancing their research skills.
Well-constructed a water stable Cu-BTC@TpPa-1 binary composite with excellent capture ability toward malachite green
Authors: Zou Jiaying , Li Yan , Dong Haotian , Ma Na , Dai Wei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The water instability of copper-based metal organic-framework (e.g. Cu-BTC) restricts its potential utilization, such as the elimination of hazardous malachite green (MG) from water. In present paper, we have developed a novel metal/covalent-organic frameworks (Cu-BTC@TpPa-1) binary composite by solvothermal method. This composite serves as a multifunctional platform for the effective removal of MG from water. This Cu-BTC@TpPa-1 obviously keeps structural integrity soaked in water for 7 days. And its heat resistant performance can achieve 360 oC because of the TpPa-1 protection, which is outdistance to that of Cu-BTC. The adsorbed capacity of MG over Cu-BTC@TpPa-1 is exceptionally high, with an uptake of up to 1024 mg/g, which is superior compared to previous adsorbents, highlighting its superior adsorption capabilities. The adsorptive performance was controlled by the associative effects of Cu-BTC and TpPa-1 with an association effects of π-complexation and electrostatic attraction. The Cu-BTC@TpPa-1 might be a prospective adsorbent for MG capture from industrial waste water.
Study of changes in the aging process, microstructure, and mechanical properties of AA2024-AA1050 nanocomposites created by the accumulative roll bonding process, with the addition of 0.005 vol.% of alumina nanoparticles
Authors: Roghani Hamed , Ahmadi Ehsan , Borhani Ehsan , Jafarian Hamid Reza 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We created AA2024-AA1050 and AA2024-AA1050/0.005 vol.% Al2O3 nanocomposites by six accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process stages. AA2024 and AA1050 sheets with a thickness of 0.7 mm were used to create a composite. Also, plate-shaped alumina nanoparticles were used in the composites. The two AA1050 and one AA2024 sheets (among the two AA1050 sheets) were ARB-ed up to six cycles with and without adding alumina nanoparticles. Also, a sample of the AA1050 without composite making was ARB-ed up to six cycles. Some composites were aged after the ARB process in the furnace at 110, 150, and 190°C. SEM, TEM, and EDS-MAP analyses, tensile strength, microhardness, and Pin-on-Disc tests were performed to study the ARB-ed sheets. The results of the tensile tests showed that the tensile strength of AA2024-AA1050 created by the six stages ARB process was two times more than primary AA1050. Also, the wear resistance of this composite was 74% more than six cycles ARB-ed the AA1050. Using 0.005 vol.% alumina nanoparticles in AA2024-AA1050 composite improved its wear resistance by 30%. In the following, the aging process caused to improvement in tensile strength and total elongation of AA2024-AA1050/Al2O3 nanocomposites.
The diagnostic value and validation of Th17-related cytokines in tuberculosis pleural effusion
Authors: Xu Yuzhen , Wu Jing , Yao Qiuju , Liu Qianqian , Huaxin Chen , Zhang Bingyan , Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Sen , Shao Lingyun , Zhang Wenhong , Ou Qinfang , Gao Yan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
There has been a great deal of evidence indicating that cytokines participate in tuberculosis immune defense. This study aimed to evaluated the levels of Th17-related cytokines in pleural effusion to discriminate tuberculosis pleurisy with malignant pleurisy.
Methods
82 patients with pleural effusion were included in training cohort and 76 patients with pleural effusion were included in validation cohort. Individuals were divided into tuberculosis and malignant pleurisy group. The concentrations of Th17-related cytokines in pleural effusion were detected using multiplex cytokine assay. The threshold value was calculated according the ROC analysis to help diagnose tuberculosis pleurisy. Furthermore, the combination diagnosis was validated in validation cohort.
Results
The pleural effusion levels of Th17-related cytokines among the patients with tuberculosis infection were all higher than malignant pleurisy group (all P < 0.05). The AUC was ≥ 0.920 for the IL-22, sCD40L, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-31 found significantly increased in TPE in training cohort. A threshold value of 95.80 pg/mL in IFN-γ, 41.80 pg/mL in IL-31 and 18.87 pg/mL in IL-22 could be used to obtain sensitivity and specificity ≥ 90% to discriminate between tuberculosis pleurisy and malignant pleurisy in training cohort. IL-22 associated with sCD40L had the best sensitivity and specificity (94.0% and 96.9%) in diagnosis of tuberculosis pleurisy and was validated in validation cohort.
Conclusion
We demonstrated that the level of Th17-related cytokines in pleural effusion had significant difference between tuberculosis pleurisy and malignant pleurisy. IL-22 ≥ 18.87 pg/mL and sCD40L ≥ 53.08 pg/mL can be clinically utilized as an efficient diagnosis strategy for tuberculosis pleurisy.
A Comprehensive Multi-Omics Analysis Identifies a Robust Scoring System for Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Intervention Targets in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wang Feng , Li Zhenlin , Xu Tianlei , Zhang Qian , Li Sijia , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) play a critical role in promoting tumor growth, metastasis, and immune evasion. While numerous studies have investigated CAF, there remains a paucity of research on their clinical application in colorectal cancer (CRC).
Methods
In this study, we collected differentially expressed genes between CAF and normal fibroblasts (NF) from previous CRC studies, and utilized machine learning analysis to differentiate two distinct subtypes of CAF in CRC. To enable practical application, a CAF-related genes (CAFGs) scoring system was developed based on multivariate Cox regression. We then conducted functional enrichment analysis, Kaplan-Meier plot, consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) classification, and Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) algorithm to investigate the relationship between the CAFGs scoring system and various biological mechanisms, prognostic value, tumor microenvironment, and response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Moreover, single-cell transcriptomics and proteomics analyses have been employed to validate the significance of scoring system related molecules in the identity and function of CAF.
Results
We unveiled significant distinctions in tumor immune status and prognosis not only between the CAF clusters, but also across high and low CAFGs groups. Specifically, patients in CAF cluster 2 or with high CAFGs scores exhibited higher CAF markers and were enriched for CAF-related biological pathways such as such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis. Additionally, CAFGs score was identified as a risk index and correlated with poor overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS). High CAFGs scores were observed in patients with advanced stages, CMS4, as well as lymphatic invasion. Furthermore, elevated CAFG scores in patients signified a suppressive tumor microenvironment characterized by the upregulation of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), T cell dysfunction, exclusion, and TIDE score. And high CAFGs scores can differentiate patients with lower response rates and poor prognosis under ICB therapy. Notably, single-cell transcriptomics and proteomics analyses identified several molecules related to CAF identity and function, such as FSTL1, IGFBP7, and FBN1.
Conclusion
We constructed a robust CAFGs score system with clinical significance using multiple CRC cohorts. Additionally, we identified several molecules related to CAF identity and function that could be potential intervention targets for CRC patients.
Genome-Wide Identification and In-silico Expression Analysis of CCO Gene Family in Sunflower (Helianthus annnus)
Authors: Sami Adnan , Haider Muhammad Zeshan , Shafiq Muhammad , Sadiq Saleh , Ahmad Farooq 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (CCOs) enzymes play an important role in plant growth and development by producing a wide array of apocarotenoids and their derivatives. These compounds are vital for colouring flowers and fruits and synthesizing plant hormones such as abscisic acid and strigolactones. Despite their importance, the gene family responsible for CCOs in sunflowers has not been studied. In this study, we identify the CCO genes of the sunflower plant to fill this knowledge gap. Phylogenetic and synteny analysis indicated that the Helianthus annnus CCO (HaCCO) proteins are conserved in different plant species and they can be divided into three subgroups based on their conserved domains. MEME analysis and multiple sequence alignment showed that conserved motifs exist in the sequence of HaCCO genes. Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) analysis of the HaCCO genes revealed the presence of multiple plant hormones and abiotic and biotic responsive elements in their promoters, suggesting that these genes might be responsive to plant hormones, developmental and drought stress, which could be utilized to develop more resilient crops. Genes belonging to the 9-cis-epoxy carotenoid dioxygenases (NCED) subgroups predominantly exhibit chloroplast localization, whereas the genes found in other groups are primarily localized in the cytoplasm. These 21 identified HaCCOs were regulated by 60 miRNAs indicating the crucial role of microRNAs in gene regulation in sunflowers. Gene expression analysis under drought stress revealed significant up-regulation of HaNCED16 and HaNCED19 genes that provide pivotal role in ABA hormone biosynthesis. While during organ-specific gene expression analysis HaCCD12 and HaCCD20 genes exhibit higher activity in leaves, indicating a potential role in leaf pigmentation. These studies provide a foundation for future research on the regulation and functions of this gene family. It could potentially be utilized to develop molecular markers that could be used in breeding programs to develop new sunflower lines.
Retrospective clinical study on treatment of early femoral head necrosis with bone erosion pill combined with tonifying kidney and strengthening bone therapy
Authors: dengchen Li , xiaojun dong , ling mei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective: To retrospectively study the patients with early stage osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) and evaluate the clinical efficacy of "bone erosion" Pill combined with tonifying kidney and strengthening bone therapy in the treatment of this disease and explore its mechanism of action. Methods: A retrospective clinical study was used to collect the clinical data of patients who met the diagnostic criteria for early femoral head necrosis in Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2022 to June 2023 (all cases were unilateral ischemic necrosis of femoral head). These patients were included in the treatment group (60 cases, 60 hips), and the control group (60 cases, 60 hips), and were required to insist on walking with a cane and non-weight-bearing exercise during the treatment. And any other medications or treatments associated with this treatment were discontinued as required. The patients in the two groups had been receiving treatment continuously for 12 months, and the clinical efficacy evaluation and imaging efficacy evaluation after treatment were recorded once every 3 months. Then statistical methods were used to study and analyze the obtained data, and the clinical and imaging effects of two groups were analyzed. Results: The total effective rate of the treatment group ("bone erosion" Pill combined with Tonifying kidney and strengthening bone Method < Jintiange Capsule > in clinical efficacy) was higher than that of the control group (oral "bone erosion" Pill). Besides, the clinical and imaging efficacy scores of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group. Conclusion: "bone erosion" Pill combined with Tonifying kidney and strengthening bone (Jintiange capsule) has significant curative effect in the treatment of early femoral head necrosis in patients with a course of six months or more, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
Investigating the mechanism of auxin-mediated fulvic acid-regulated root growth in Oryza sativa through physiological and transcriptomic analyses
Authors: Tang Yi , Chen Ke , Guo Yanan , Liu Zhixuan , Yang Haona 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Rice is one of the most important staple dietary constituents worldwide, so improving cultivated rice yields is crucial for global food security. Fulvic acid (FA) is a plant growth promoter and organic fertilizer, and investigating its effects on rice root growth is of great practical significance for improving rice yield and quality.
Results
This study examined the effects of different FA concentrations on the growth of rice seedlings. Low FA concentrations (0.05 g/L) promoted rice seedling growth, whereas high FA concentrations (0.5 g/L) inhibited root growth, reduced cell activity and enzyme activity in the root tip, and accumulated reactive oxygen species in root cells. To investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms, we performed transcriptomic analysis and found that auxin (Aux) may participate in FA-mediated growth. Furthermore, transcriptome heatmap analysis showed a significant upregulation of the Aux/indoleacetic acid (Aux/IAA) gene family after FA treatment, suggesting that this gene family plays an important role in the effects of FA on root growth. Moreover, changes in endogenous Aux content and addition of exogenous Aux inhibitors confirmed the involvement of FA in rice seedling root growth and in the synthesis and transduction pathway of Aux.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that the effects of FA on rice root growth may be achieved through the Aux synthesis and transduction pathway. We constructed a transcriptome landscape of the Aux synthesis and transduction pathway in FA-treated rice and identified a possible candidate gene family, IAA/Aux. These findings provide valuable clues for further understanding the mechanisms underlying the effects of FA on root growth in rice seedlings and offer new insights into the development of strategies for enhancing rice production.
Effect of low-intensity interval training on physical performance and blood parameters among junior handball players
Authors: Marai Rasmi , Triki Raoua , Hammami Amri , Bougrine Houda , Basma² Bellili , Abderrahman Abderraouf Ben 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Aims: the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of low-intensity interval training program (LIIT) on physical fitness and blood parameters among junior handball players.
Methods: Thirty young players participated in this study and were divided into two groups: an experimental group (n=15) which underwent a low-intensity interval training program, and a control group (n=15) which underwent a traditional training program. Blood parameters (hemoglobin (g/dl), mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCH (pg), and hematocrit (%)) and physical capacities (flexibility, speed, endurance, agility, upper body muscle strength, and power) were evaluated before and after eight weeks of training in the two groups.
Results and Conclusions: At the beginning and end of the eight-week program, significant differences between the groups were observed. The experimental group exhibited better development compared to the control group in the following parameters: endurance (2.77%, p=0.03), speed (6.8%, p=0.001), power (17.09%, p=0.02), agility (4.22%, p=0.01), flexibility (29.25%, p=0.01), and upper body strength capacity (8.82%, p=0.02). The MCH was significantly higher in the experimental group (p=0.01). However, no significant differences were observed for hemoglobin and hematocrit (p>0.05). Our findings demonstrate that the low-intensity interval training intervention was more effective than the traditional program in improving physical parameters and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. The suggested low-intensity interval training program could serve as a viable fitness strategy for aerobic sports.