bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Bananas to Large Civil Aircraft: An On-Going Quest for Value-Added in the Computation of Countermeasures at the WTO
Authors: Couet Marc-Antoine 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
This article discusses the methodology used in the quantification of the level of authorized countermeasures in trade disputes settled under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO)’s dispute settlement system. It discusses the legal framework pertaining to the quantification of the level of the remedies provided for under the WTO agreements in case of failure by the respondent to timely comply with the rulings and recommendations of the Dispute Settlement Body and where no agreement on compensation is reached: suspension of concessions and countermeasures. It analyzes whether the current understanding of ‘damage’ in WTO law is consistent with the prevailing economic reality and suggests an alternate interpretation that would account for value actually added on the territory of the complainant as a basis for quantification of the level of countermeasures. Finally, the article responds to ‘pragmatic’ arguments advanced by those who conceptually oppose to a methodological reform that would authorize countermeasures based on the share of value-added attributable to the complainant rather than on the gross amount of exports of the good affected by the impugned measure.
Clonal heamatopoiesis and associated cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Tajiri Kazuko , Suehara Yasuhito , Suzuki Toshio , Sekine Ikuo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCancer and cardiovascular disease share several risk factors. Clonal heamatopoiesis, a novel risk factor associated with both diseases, has received increasing attention in the fields of cardiology, heamatology and oncology. Clonal heamatopoiesis of indeterminate potential refers to the presence of at least one driver mutation in the heamatopoietic cells of peripheral blood without heamatological malignancy. Clonal heamatopoiesis of indeterminate potential is a common age-related condition that affects up to 60% of individuals aged &gt; 80 years. Importantly, clonal heamatopoiesis of indeterminate potential carriers have a 2- to 4-fold higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease than non-carriers. Therefore, we performed an up-to-date review of clonal heamatopoiesis and its association with various forms of cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerotic disease, heart failure, aortic stenosis and pulmonary hypertension. In addition, we reviewed experimental studies that examined the causality and directionality between clonal heamatopoiesis and cardiovascular disease. Lastly, we discussed future research directions that will aid in the design of personalized therapies and preventive strategies for individuals with clonal heamatopoiesis. This review showed that clonal heamatopoiesis of indeterminate potential is a common condition, especially in older patients, and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and worse prognosis. However, further research is needed to determine whether anti-inflammatory therapies or therapies that can reduce or eliminate clone size are effective in preventing cardiovascular disease in patients with clonal heamatopoiesis of indeterminate potential.
Public Procurement and Supplier Job Creation: Insights from Auctions
Authors: Srhoj Stjepan , Dragojević Melko 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Public procurement contracts (PPCs) of goods, services, and works are about one-tenth of the global gross domestic product. Much research has been conducted on government spending and its aggregate effects, but the evidence is scarce at the micro-level. We exploit sealed-bid PPC auctions of construction works, discontinuity in bidders’ win margin, and firms’ daily employment variation to provide a causal estimate of winning a PPC on firms’ employment. Winning a PPC has a small positive impact on a firm’s short-run employment. We investigate mechanisms and heterogeneity that can explain the small initial magnitudes. We find no compelling evidence in favor of political connections, an information leakage channel, or PPC size as explanations for the small magnitude. Our investigation of a longer period shows that the impact phases out in less than a year. The lack of a long-term impact is due to runners-up winning more PPCs and runners-up substituting for more market revenue in the year after closely losing a PPC. Finally, the impacts are concentrated in construction firms that conduct most contracted work in-house. The final estimation shows the effect is 3.7 new employees per PPC with a public cost per job created at €58,600 (€49,800–€65,100).
Dialects in North American elk bugle calls: comparisons between source and translocated elk populations
Authors: Nelson-Reinier Tracee , Clarke Jennifer A 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIdentifying the factors shaping dialects can reveal selective pressures and cultural influences on acoustic signals. Translocations of species have been considered the “gold standard” for identifying population differences in vocalizations, including dialects. The North American elk (Cervus canadensis) is a species that has experienced numerous translocations, but no published studies exist on dialects in elk or any other ungulate species. Adult male North American elk utter an iconic vocalization during the breeding season, which is termed the bugle call due to the power, duration, and pitch of the sound. We investigated if dialect differences existed between three populations: a source population in Wyoming (N = 10 bulls, 132 calls) and translocated populations in Colorado (N = 13 bulls, 92 calls) and Pennsylvania (N = 20 bulls, 160 calls). Dialect differences existed between the populations in 9 of 10 measured variables, in both the frequency domain and time domain. Habitat factors (acoustic adaptation hypothesis) affecting sound transmission were inconsistently related to dialects in the populations. Genetic factors may be related to dialects, as the historically bottlenecked Pennsylvania population, with low heterozygosity and low allelic richness, exhibited the least variability in acoustic measures. Cultural transmission and vocal learning may also contribute to dialect development in this highly vocal, social ungulate species.
Different protective capability of chlorogenic acid and quercetin against indomethacin-induced gastrointestinal ulceration
Authors: Boonyong Cherdsak , Angkhasirisap Wannee , Kengkoom Kanchana , Jianmongkol Suree 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The study compared the protective effects against indomethacin-induced GI ulceration of chlorogenic acid with quercetin in rats.

Methods
Rats were orally given chlorogenic acid or quercetin (100 mg/kg; 5 days), followed by indomethacin (40 mg/kg; single dose). After 24 h, GI tissues were assessed for histopathological damages, then analysed by ELISA and western blot methods. Cell viability was measured in vitro by MTT assay.

Key findings
Unlike quercetin, chlorogenic acid could not prevent gastric ulcers in indomethacin-treated rats. The levels of gastric prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in the chlorogenic acid-treated group were not different from those receiving indomethacin alone. Nevertheless, both compounds alleviated jejunum ulcers through suppression of PERK/eIF-2/ATF-4/CHOP-related endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and decrease Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Moreover, at 100 µM, they abolished the cytotoxicity of tunicamycin (an ER stress inducer) in gastric (AGS) and intestinal (Caco-2) cells. In silico docking studies suggested that both compounds could interact with key amino acid residues in the ­catalytic domain of PERK.

Conclusion
Chlorogenic acid and quercetin exerted comparable protective effects against indomethacin-induced intestinal ulcer through suppression of ER stress-mediated apoptosis but, unlike quercetin, chlorogenic acid offered no protection against gastric ulceration due to its ­inability to increase PGE2 production.
3D-printed long-acting 5-fluorouracil implant to prevent conjunctival fibrosis in glaucoma
Authors: Ioannou Nicole , Luo Jinyuan , Qin Mengqi , Di Luca Matteo , Mathew Essyrose , Tagalakis Aristides D , Lamprou Dimitrios A , Yu-Wai-Man Cynthia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To develop a sustained release 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) implant by three-dimensional (3D) printing to effectively prevent conjunctival fibrosis after glaucoma surgery.

Methods
3D-printed implants composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and chitosan (CS) were fabricated by heat extrusion technology and loaded with 1% 5-FU. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the surface morphology. The 5-FU concentration released over 8 weeks was measured by ultraviolet visible spectroscopy. The effects on cell viability, fibroblast contractility and the expression of key fibrotic genes were assessed in human conjunctival fibroblasts.

Key findings
The PCL–CS-5-FU implant sustainably released 5-FU over 8 weeks and the peak concentration was over 6.1 μg/ml during weeks 1 and 2. The implant had a smooth surface and its total weight decreased by 3.5% after 8 weeks. The PCL–CS–5-FU implant did not affect cell viability in conjunctival fibroblasts and sustainably suppressed fibroblast contractility and key fibrotic genes for 8 weeks.

Conclusions
The PCL–CS–5-FU implant was biocompatible and degradable with a significant effect in suppressing fibroblast contractility. The PCL–CS–5-FU implant could be used as a sustained release drug implant, replacing the need for repeated 5-FU injections in clinic, to prevent conjunctival fibrosis after glaucoma surgery.
Overview and analysis of internal radiation dose estimates in experimental animals in a framework of international studies of the sprayed neutron-induced 56Mn radioactive microparticles effects
Authors: Stepanenko Valeriy , Kaprin Andrey , Ivanov Sergey , Shegay Peter , Bogacheva Viktoria , Hoshi Masaharu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The aim of overview is to present the pooled data of published internal dose estimates and the results of corresponding analysis of internal irradiation features of experimental mice and rats after exposure to sprayed neutron activated radioactive 56MnO2. These dose estimates were conducted in a framework of multicenter international study to investigate biological effects as a result of exposure to sprayed radioactive 56MnO2 microparticles. Radionuclide 56Mn (T1/2 = 2.58 h) is one of the main gamma-beta emitters during the first hours after neutron activation of soil following nuclear explosion. It was concluded that there are three groups of organs of mice and rats, the radiation doses of which differ by approximately an order of magnitude: the group with the highest radiation doses (large and small intestine, stomach, skin and lungs), the group with lowered radiation doses (eyes, esophagus, trachea), the group with the lowest radiation doses (liver, heart, kidneys). The radiation doses to organs are proportional to the activity of the sprayed radioactive powder. The distribution of internal radiation doses among organs of experimental mice of different strains but of the same age was practically the same in case of exposure to the same activity of sprayed 56MnO2 powder. Doses of internal irradiation of experimental mice substantially exceed the doses of internal irradiation of experimental rats exposed to the same activities of the sprayed 56MnO2 powder. The data presented in the overview can be helpful for further investigation and for interpretation of the biological effects of this type of irradiation.
Pathological observation of the effects of exposure to radioactive microparticles on experimental animals
Authors: Shichijo Kazuko , Takatsuji Toshihiro 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Internal radiation exposure from neutron-induced radioisotopes that were environmentally activated following an atomic bombing or nuclear accident should be considered for a complete picture of the pathologic effects on survivors. Inhaled hot particles expose neighboring tissues to very high doses of particle beams, which can cause local tissue damage. Experimentally, a few μm of 55MnO2 powder was irradiated with neutrons at a nuclear reactor in order to generate 56MnO2 that emits β-rays. Rats were irradiated via inhalation. Pathological changes in various rat tissues were examined. In addition, the 56Mn β energy spectrum around the particles was calculated to determine the local dose rate and the cumulative dose. This review focuses on our latest pathological findings in lungs with internal radiation injury and discusses the pathological changes of early event damage caused by localized, very high-dose internal radiation exposure, including apoptosis, elastin stigma, emphysema, hemorrhage and severe inflammation. The pathological findings of lung tissue due to internal radiation exposure of 0.1 Gy were severe, with no pathological changes observed due to external exposure to γ radiation at a dose of 2.0 Gy. Therefore, it is suggested that new pathological analysis methods for internal exposure due to radioactive microparticles are required.
No evidence of thyroid consequences in seven nuclear workers at the Tokyo Electric Power Company Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident: 10-year follow-up results of thyroid status
Authors: Tatsuzaki Hideo , Kishimoto Riwa , Kurihara Osamu , Tominaga Takako , Yamashita Shunichi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSeven emergency nuclear workers, who had internal exposure due to an intake of radionuclides, mainly I-131, during the emergency response operation in March 2011, after the accident at the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP), visited the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) outpatient clinic for medical evaluation. They were followed up after their first visit for 10 years. The estimated committed equivalent doses to the thyroid were distributed between 3.2 to 1.2 × 10 Sv. This group thought to be received highest exposure at the accident. None of the workers had symptoms related to abnormal thyroid function. The examinations, including thyroid function tests and ultrasound, detected no abnormalities related to radiation exposure. However, there is a need for continuous monitoring of their thyroid status for longer periods in the future.
Post-treatment haemolysis is common following oral artemisinin combination therapy of uncomplicated malaria in travellers
Authors: Kurth Florian , Tober-Lau Pinkus , Lingscheid Tilman , Bardtke Lara , Kim Johanna , Angheben Andrea , Gobbi Federico G , Mbavu Lena , Stegemann Miriam S , Heim Katrin M , Pfäfflin Frieder , Menner Nikolai , Schürmann Mariana , Mikolajewska Agata , Witzenrath Martin , Sander Leif E , Mayer Beate , Zoller Thomas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for the treatment of malaria is highly effective, well tolerated and safe. Episodes of delayed haemolysis occur in up to 57.9% of patients with severe malaria treated with intravenous artesunate, mainly caused by ‘pitting’ of infected red blood cells in the spleen and the delayed loss of these once-infected RBCs (oiRBCs). Several reports indicate that post-treatment haemolysis (PTH) also occurs in uncomplicated malaria treated with oral ACT, calling for systematic investigation.

Methods
A prospective observational study to identify the incidence of PTH after oral ACT, defined as increased lactate dehydrogenase activity and low haptoglobin level on Day 14 after treatment. Patients were enrolled at two study centres in Germany and Italy. Study visits took place on Days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28. Laboratory investigations included extended clinical routine laboratory tests, quantitative PfHRP2, anti-RBC antibodies and oiRBCs. The state of semi-immunity to malaria was assessed from childhood and ongoing exposure to Plasmodium spp. as per patient history.

Results
A total of 134 patients with uncomplicated malaria and 3-day ACT treatment were recruited. Thirty-seven (37.4%) of 99 evaluable patients with Pf and none of 9 patients with non-Pf malaria exhibited PTH on d14. Patients with PTH had higher initial parasitaemia, higher oiRBC counts on d3 and a 10-fold decrease in oiRBCs between d7 and d14 compared with patients without PTH. In patients with PTH, loss of haemoglobin was 4-fold greater in non-Africans than in Africans (−1.3 vs −0.3 g/dl). Semi-immune African patients with PTH showed markedly increased erythropoiesis on d14 compared with not semi-immune African and non-African patients with PTH.

Conclusions
PTH is common in patients with uncomplicated malaria and oral ACT. While the observed loss of haemoglobin will often not be clinically relevant, it could aggravate pre-existing anaemia, warranting follow-up examinations in populations at risk.
Hydrogen market development: lessons from the LNG sector
Authors: Atkin James , Hernandez Drake , Cheung Nicole 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The evolution of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) market, and LNG sale and purchase arrangements, can provide insights to how sale contracts required to underpin the development of regional hydrogen markets around the world may develop. This article explores how LNG markets have developed and considers the lessons which may be learned for project sponsors looking to develop the first wave of low-carbon hydrogen production projects.
Inter-tissue communication of mitochondrial stress and metabolic health
Authors: Zhang Hanlin , Li Xinyu , Fan Wudi , Pandovski Sentibel , Tian Ye , Dillin Andrew 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Mitochondria function as a hub of the cellular metabolic network. Mitochondrial stress is closely associated with aging and a variety of diseases, including neurodegeneration and cancer. Cells autonomously elicit specific stress responses to cope with mitochondrial stress to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Interestingly, mitochondrial stress responses may also be induced in a non-autonomous manner in cells or tissues that are not directly experiencing such stress. Such non-autonomous mitochondrial stress responses are mediated by secreted molecules called mitokines. Due to their significant translational potential in improving human metabolic health, there has been a surge in mitokine-focused research. In this review, we summarize the findings regarding inter-tissue communication of mitochondrial stress in animal models. In addition, we discuss the possibility of mitokine-mediated intercellular mitochondrial communication originating from bacterial quorum sensing.
A Combination System of a Thin Atomic Force Microscope and an Upright Raman Microscope for Position-Controllable Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Lu Nianhang , Wang Yilin , Xiao Shasha , Zhang Rui , Xue Tao , Hu Xiaodong , Wu Sen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this study, we propose a novel atomic force microscope (AFM) combined with a Raman microscope for fabricating position-controllable surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates. The head of the AFM is designed with an effective thickness of 7.3 mm and reserved an open space above the cantilever probe for the objective with high NA. Benefitti from the thin head, the homemade AFM can be easily integrated with the upright Raman microscope. The Raman microscope and AFM share the same XY piezo scanner and allow to a complimentary mapping of Raman mapping images. The new combination system is equipped with automated nano-manipulation functions which help to precisely assemble one-dimensional (1D) materials such as noble metal nanowires into the desired patterns. The experimental results demonstrate that our developed AFM-Raman system can be applied to fabricating and investigating position-controllable SERS substrates. The optical geometry of this new system also shows potential in other combinational applications.
Improvement of Quantitative STEM/EDXS Analyses for Chemical Analysis of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells with Zn(O,S) Buffer Layers
Authors: Jin Xiaowei , Schneider Reinhard , Müller Erich , Falke Meiken , Terborg Ralf , Hariskos Dimitrios , Bauer Andreas , Witte Wolfram , Powalla Michael , Gerthsen Dagmar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) in a transmission electron microscope is frequently used for the chemical analysis of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells with high spatial resolution. However, the quantification of EDXS data is complicated due to quantification errors and artifacts. This work shows how quantitative EDXS analyses of CIGS-based solar cells with Zn(O,S) buffer and ZnO-based window layers can be significantly improved. For this purpose, CIGS-based solar cells and a reference sample with a stack of Zn(O,S) layers with different [O]/[S] ratios were analyzed. For Zn(O,S), the correction of sample-thickness-dependent absorption of low-energy O–Kα X-rays significantly improves the results of quantitative EDXS. Absorption of characteristic X-rays in CIGS is less relevant. However, for small transmission electron microscopy (TEM) sample thicknesses, artifacts can occur due to material changes by focused-ion-beam (FIB)-based preparation of TEM samples, electron-beam-induced damage, and oxidation of the sample surface. We also show that a Pt-protection layer, deposited on the sample surface before FIB preparation of TEM lamellae, can induce artifacts that can be avoided by first depositing a carbon layer.
The Presence of Hip Joint Effusion on MRI Is Predictive of a Grade 4 Femoral Neck Stress Injury
Authors: Barkley Colleen , Wong William K , Knapik Joseph J , Westrick Richard B 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
One of the most debilitating types of bone stress injuries is those occurring at the femoral neck. This problem occurs in the military population with much higher incidence than in the normal population and is of great concern to military medical providers. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are key in protecting soldiers and recruits from sustaining a potentially career-ending fracture. In a case study, a 16-year-old elite male distance runner presented with hip pain. MRI found hip joint effusion but was unremarkable for marrow edema and a low-signal fracture line. The initial diagnosis was acute arthritis; however, a follow-up radiograph 1 month later, after the patient had been refraining from running, confirmed a significant non-displaced compression-side Grade 4 femoral neck stress injury (FNSI). In light of the case study and our similar clinical experience, we tested the hypothesis that an MRI study positive for an FNSI, combined with the evidence of a hip joint effusion, is indicative of a Grade 4 FNSI, even without visualization of a low-signal intensity fracture line on T1 or short tau inversion recovery images.

Materials and Methods
Recruits in Army Basic Combat Training were included in the investigation if 1) diagnosed with a unilateral FNSI, 2) had an initial positive MRI for an FNSI, 3) had a positive bone scan for uptake in the femoral neck area (to validate the diagnosis), 4) had no other hip/pelvis injuries, and 5) had a follow-up MRI within 60 days. Hip joint effusion was defined as 1) ≥2-mm measurable difference in the thickness of fluid along the length of the involved femoral neck when compared to the contralateral uninvolved femoral neck on the initial MRI; 2) visibly assessed as a prominent collection of fluid distending the posterior hip joint capsule on the initial MRI coronal short tau inversion recovery sequence (called the “flash sign”).

Results
A total of 162 recruits met the study inclusion criteria. For the detection of a Grade 4 FNSI on the first MRI, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of the measured joint effusion criteria were 0.52, 0.94, and 0.89, respectively. or the non-measured flash sign, these values were 0.70, 0.83, and 0.80, respectively.

Conclusions
Both the measured hip joint effusion criteria and the non-measured flash sign were predictive of a Grade 4 FNSI and may be useful in clinical evaluation.