bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early home learning support and home mathematics environment as predictors of children's mathematical skills between age 4 and 6: A longitudinal analysis using video observations and survey data
Authors: Zhao Yiran Vicky , Gibson Jenny Louise 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis large‐scale and longitudinal study examines early home support for learning, formal/informal home mathematics activities, and their associations with children's mathematical development between age two and six. Data were collected in Germany between 2012 and 2018, N = 1184 (49% girls, 51% boys), and 15% of children had parents with a migration history. Linguistically and mathematically stimulating, attentive, and responsive parent–child engagement at age two predicted children's mathematical skills at age four and six (small‐to‐medium effect size). Both formal and informal home mathematical activities at age five predicted children's mathematical skills at age six (small effect size), and were associated with children's prior mathematics attainment. This study also provides indicators where individual differences and social circumstances are relevant to understanding different early mathematics outcomes.
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of Mendelian disorders for consanguineous couples by relative genotype dosage
Authors: Fokstuen Siv , Quteineh Lina , Schwitzgebel Valérie M. , Köhler‐Ballan Bettina , Blouin Jean‐Louis , Abramowicz Marc , Nouspikel Thierry 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNoninvasive prenatal diagnosis relies on the presence in maternal blood of circulating cell‐free fetal DNA released by apoptotic trophoblast cells. Widely used for aneuploidy screening, it can also be applied to monogenic diseases (NIPD‐M) in case of known parental mutations. Due to the confounding effect of maternal DNA, detection of maternal or biparental mutations requires relative haplotype dosage (RHDO), a method relying on the presence of SNPs that are heterozygous in one parent and homozygous in the other. Unavoidably, there is a risk of test failure by lack of such informative SNPs, an event particularly likely for consanguineous couples who often share common haplotypes in regions of identity‐by‐descent. Here we present a novel approach, relative genotype dosage (RGDO) that bypasses this predicament by directly assessing fetal genotype with SNPs that are heterozygous in both parents (frequent in regions of identity‐by‐descent). We show that RGDO is as sensitive as RHDO and that it performs well over a large range of fetal fractions and DNA amounts, thereby opening NIPD‐M to most consanguineous couples. We also report examples of couples, consanguineous or not, where combining RGDO and RHDO allowed a diagnosis that would not have been possible with only one approach.
Platelet‐activating factor antagonist‐based intensive antiplatelet strategy in acute ischemic stroke: A propensity score matched with network pharmacology analysis
Authors: Han Xiaoyan , Li Youjia , Chen Xuemin , Pan Dong , Mo Junning , Qiu Jiaming , Li Yi , Chen Yan , Huang Yan , Shen Qingyu , Tang Yamei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection (DGMI) is a platelet‐activating factor receptor (PAFR) antagonist that can be used to treat acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of an intensive antiplatelet strategy based on PAFR antagonists and explored the underlying mechanisms of PAFR antagonists in AIS treatment.MethodsThis is a retrospective study applying propensity score methods to match AIS patients treated with DGMI to nontreated patients. The primary outcome was functional independence (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0–2) at 90 days. The safety outcome was bleeding risk. We used McNemar test to compare the efficacy outcome. Subsequently, the network pharmacology analysis was performed.Results161 AIS patients treated with DGMI in the study were matched with 161 untreated patients. Compared with untreated patients, DGMI‐treated patients had a significantly higher rate of mRS ranking 0–2 at 90 days (82.0% vs. 75.8%, p < 0.001), without increased risk of bleeding. The gene enrichment analysis showed that the overlap genes of DGMI targeted and AIS‐related enriched in thrombosis and inflammatory‐related signaling pathways.ConclusionsAn intensive antiplatelet strategy of DGMI plus traditional antiplatelet agents is effective in treating AIS and may work by mediating post‐stroke inflammation and thrombosis.
Mind the gap! Gender differences in alcohol consumption among Swedish ninth graders 1989–2021
Authors: Raninen Jonas , Ramstedt Mats , Thor Siri , Törrönen Jukka 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionTo examine gender differences in drinking habits among Swedish ninth graders over the period 1989–2021.MethodsAnnual school surveys with nationally representative samples of ninth‐grade students in Sweden covering the period 1989–2021, total sample of 180,538 students. Drinking habits were measured with self‐reports of frequency and quantity of use and frequency of heavy episodic drinking. Differences between genders were compared annually and differences were tested using logistic and ordinary least square regression models with cluster robust standard errors.ResultsSmall gender differences in the prevalence of alcohol use during the first part of the study period were followed by an increasing gap over the past decade with girls being more likely to drink alcohol than boys. Boys consumed larger amounts of alcohol than girls during the first three decades of the studied period but no gender differences were found in later years. Binge drinking was more prevalent among boys during 1989 to 2000 but no systematic gender difference was found during the past 15 years.Discussion and ConclusionsThere used to be clear gender differences in drinking habits among ninth graders in Sweden with boys drinking more than girls. This gap has narrowed over the past three decades and among contemporary adolescents, no gender differences are found neither in binge drinking nor volume of drinking and the prevalence of drinking is even higher among girls.
Neuroethics and cultural context: The case of electroconvulsive therapy in Argentina
Authors: Castelli Paula , Guinjoan Salvador M. , Wajnerman‐Paz Abel , Salles Arleen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs neuroethics continues to grow as an established discipline, it has been charged with not being sufficiently sensitive to the way in which the identification, conceptualization, and management of the ethical issues raised by neuroscience and its applications are shaped by local systems of knowledge and structures. Recently there have been calls for explicit recognition of the role played by local cultural contexts and for the development of cross‐cultural methodologies that can facilitate meaningful cultural engagement. In this article, we attempt to fill this perceived gap by providing a culturally situated analysis of the practice of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in Argentina. ECT was introduced as a psychiatric treatment in Argentina in the 1930s but it is largely underutilized. While the use of ECT remains low in several countries, what makes the Argentinian case interesting is that the executive branch of government has taken a stance regarding both the scientific and moral appropriateness of ECT, recommending its prohibition. Here, we begin with a recent controversy over the use of ECT in Argentina and explain the legal recommendation to ban its application. Next, we offer an overview of some of the salient aspect of the international and local discussions on ECT. We argue that the governmental recommendation to ban the procedure should be rethought. While acknowledging the role that contexts and local conditions play in shaping the identification and assessment of the relevant ethical issues, we caution against using contextual and cultural considerations to avoid a necessary ethical debate on controversial issues.
Testing for associations between HbA1c levels, polygenic risk and brain health in UK Biobank (N = 39 283)
Authors: Ranglani Sanskar , Ward Joey , Sattar Naveed , Strawbridge Rona J. , Lyall Donald M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate whether continuous HbA1c levels and HbA1c‐polygenic risk scores (HbA1c‐PRS) are significantly associated with worse brain health independent of type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosis (vs. not), by examining brain structure and cognitive test score phenotypes.MethodsUsing UK Biobank data (n = 39 283), we tested whether HbA1c levels and/or HbA1c‐PRS were associated with cognitive test scores and brain imaging phenotypes. We adjusted for confounders of age, sex, Townsend deprivation score, level of education, genotyping chip, eight genetic principal components, smoking, alcohol intake frequency, cholesterol medication, body mass index, T2D and apolipoprotein (APOE) e4 dosage.ResultsWe found an association between higher HbA1c levels and poorer performance on symbol digit substitution scores (standardized beta [β] = −0.022, P = .001) in the fully adjusted model. We also found an association between higher HbA1c levels and worse brain MRI phenotypes of grey matter (GM; fully‐adjusted β = −0.026, P < .001), whole brain volume (β = −0.072, P = .0113) and a general factor of frontal lobe GM (β = −0.022, P < .001) in partially and fully adjusted models. HbA1c‐PRS were significantly associated with GM volume in the fully adjusted model (β = −0.010, P = .0113); however, when adjusted for HbA1c levels, the association was not significant.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that measured HbA1c is associated with poorer cognitive health, and that HbA1c‐PRS do not add significant information to this.
National soil data in EU countries, where do we stand?
Authors: Cornu Sophie , Keesstra Saskia , Bispo Antonio , Fantappie Maria , van Egmond Fenny , Smreczak Bozena , Wawer Rafał , Pavlů Lenka , Sobocká Jaroslava , Bakacsi Zsófia , Farkas‐Iványi Kinga , Molnár Sándor , Møller Anders Bjørn , Madenoglu Sevinc , Feiziene Dalia , Oorts Katrien , Schneider Florian , da Conceição Gonçalves Maria , Mano Raquel , Garland Gina , Skalský Rastislav , O'Sullivan Lilian , Kasparinskis Raimonds , Chenu Claire 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAt the European scale, soil characteristics are needed to evaluate soil quality, soil health and soil‐based ecosystem services in the context of the European Green Deal. While some soil databases exist at the European scale, a much larger wealth of data is present in individual European countries, allowing a more detailed soil assessment. There is thus an urgent and crucial need to combine these data at the European scale. In the frame of a large European Joint Programme on agricultural soils launched by the European Commission, a survey was conducted in the spring of 2020, in the 24 European participating countries to assess the existing soil data sources, focusing on agricultural soils. The survey will become a contribution to the European Soil Observatory, launched in December 2020, which aims to collect metadata of soil databases related to all kind of land uses, including forest and urban soils. Based upon a comprehensive questionnaire, 170 soil databases were identified at local, regional and national scales. Soil parameters were divided into five groups: (1) main soil parameters according to the Global Soil Map specifications; (2) other soil chemical parameters; (3) other physical parameters; (4) other pedological parameters; and (5) soil biological features. A classification based on the environmental zones of Europe was used to distinguish the climatic zones. This survey shows that while most of the main pedological and chemical parameters are included in more than 70% of the country soil databases, water content, contamination with organic pollutants, and biological parameters are the least frequently reported parameters. Such differences will have consequences when developing an EU policy on soil health as proposed under the EU soil strategy for 2023 and using the data to derive soil health indicators. Many differences in the methods used in collecting, preparing, and analysing the soils were found, thus requiring harmonization procedures and more cooperation among countries and with the EU to use the data at the European scale. In addition, choosing harmonized and useful interpretation and threshold values for EU soil indicators may be challenging due to the different methods used and the wide variety of soil land‐use and climate combinations influencing possible thresholds. The temporal scale of the soil databases reported is also extremely wide, starting from the '20s of the 20th century.
Do Subject Matter Experts’ Judgments of Multiple‐Choice Format Suitability Predict Item Quality?
Authors: Berenbon Rebecca F. , McHugh Bridget C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo assemble a high‐quality test, psychometricians rely on subject matter experts (SMEs) to write high‐quality items. However, SMEs are not typically given the opportunity to provide input on which content standards are most suitable for multiple‐choice questions (MCQs). In the present study, we explored the relationship between perceived MCQ suitability for a given content standard and the associated item characteristics. Prior to item writing, we surveyed SMEs on MCQ suitability for each content standard. Following field testing, we then used SMEs’ average ratings for each content standard to predict item characteristics for the tests. We analyzed multilevel models predicting item difficulty (p value), discrimination, and nonfunctioning distractor presence. Items were nested within courses and content standards. There was a curvilinear relationship between SMEs’ ratings and item difficulty such that very low MCQ suitability ratings were predictive of easier items. After controlling for item difficulty, items with higher MCQ suitability ratings had higher discrimination and were less likely to have one or more nonfunctioning distractors. This research has practical implications for optimizing test blueprints. Additionally, psychometricians may use these ratings to better prepare for coaching SMEs during item writing.
Longitudinal associations between quality of diet and disability over 7.5 years in an international sample of people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Simpson‐Yap Steve , Neate Sandra L. , Nag Nupur , Probst Yasmine C. , Yu Maggie , Jelinek George A. , Reece Jeanette C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeModifiable lifestyle factors, including diet, have been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) progression, but prospective evidence is limited. The aim of this study was to examine prospective relationships between quality of diet and subsequent disability over 7.5 years in an international cohort of people living with MS (pwMS).MethodsData from 602 participants in the HOLISM (Health Outcomes and Lifestyle In a Sample of people with Multiple sclerosis) study were analysed. Quality of diet was assessed using the modified Diet Habits Questionnaire (DHQ). Disability was assessed using the Patient‐determined MS Severity Score (P‐MSSS). Characteristics of disability were assessed by log‐binomial, log‐multinomial and linear regression, adjusted for demographic and clinical covariates, as appropriate.ResultsHigher baseline total DHQ scores (>80–89, >89%) were associated with lower risks of increased P‐MSSS at 7.5 years (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23, 0.91 and aRR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26, 0.89, respectively), and with less P‐MSSS accrual (aβ = −0.38, 95% CI −0.78, 0.01 and aβ = −0.44, 95% CI −0.81, −0.06). Of the DHQ domains, fat subscore was most strongly associated with subsequent disability. Participants with reducing baseline‐to‐2.5‐ years total DHQ scores had greater risk of increased P‐MSSS at 7.5 years (aRR 2.77, 95% CI 1.18, 6.53) and higher P‐MSSS accrual (aβ = 0.30, 95% CI 0.01, 0.60). Participants reporting baseline meat and dairy consumption had greater risk of increased P‐MSSS at 7.5 years (aRR 2.06, 95% CI 1.23, 3.45 and aRR 2.02, 95% CI 1.25, 3.25) and higher P‐MSSS accrual (aβ = 0.28, 95% CI 0.02, 0.54 and aβ = 0.43, 95% CI 0.16, 0.69, respectively). However, reported meat consumption was confounded by quality of diet. Changes in meat or dairy consumption from baseline were inconsistently associated with subsequent disability.ConclusionsWe show for the first time robust long‐term associations between quality of diet and subsequent disability progression in pwMS. Subject to replication, dietary modification may represent a point of intervention for reducing disability in pwMS.
A sustainable circular supply chain network design model for electric vehicle battery production using internet of things and big data
Authors: Tavana Madjid , Sohrabi Mahsa , Rezaei Homa , Sorooshian Shahryar , Mina Hassan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDesigning and developing sustainable circular supply chain networks for electric vehicle (EV) lithium‐ion battery recycling and production requires complex environmental sustainability and economic viability assessment. EVs use a lot of data for battery management and delivering optimum performance, and the Internet of Things (IoT) plays a major role in managing this data. This study develops a bi‐objective mixed‐integer linear programming model for designing a sustainable circular supply chain to manage the manufacturing, remanufacturing, and distribution of EV lithium‐ion batteries under uncertainty using the IoT and big data. The proposed model simultaneously minimizes total costs and CO2 emissions and uses IoT to improve network performance and create a traceable and secure environment. A fuzzy multi‐objective method solves the bi‐objective optimization model under uncertainty, and a simulation algorithm examines the effectiveness of the proposed model through simulated problems.
Lysosome pH‐regulated H+/K+ switching channel involved in maintaining lysosomal homeostasis
Authors: Wang Yizhen , Li Wei , Wang Qiaochu 
Published: July 2023

Lysosomal pH setpoint and H+ homeostasis is key to the lysosome's functions. The Parkinson's disease‐risk protein TMEM175, originally identified as lysosomal K+ channel, works as a H+‐activated H+ channel and discharges the lysosomal H+ store when it is hyper‐acidified. Yang et al. indicate that TMEM175 is permeable for both K+ and H+ in the same pore and charges the lysosome with H+ under certain conditions. The charge and discharge functions are under regulation of the lysosomal matrix and glycocalyx layer. Their presented work indicates that TMEM175 performs as a multi‐functional channel regulating lysosomal pH in response to physiological conditions.
Prediction of potential fishing grounds of swordtip squid (Uroteuthis edulis) based on a physical–biochemical coupled model
Authors: Ito Takeshi , Takayama Katsumi , Hirose Naoki 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSwordtip squid (Uroteuthis edulis), which is sometimes eaten alive (lively squid) in northwest Kyushu, Japan, is an economically important fish species in the region. However, the total catch of this species in Japan has declined by more than 80% in the last three decades. To understand and predict the spatio‐temporal distribution of fish species, we developed a one‐dimensional ecosystem (NPZD) model and a habitat suitability index (HSI) model for southwest Iki Island, northwest Kyushu, Japan. Subsequently, we conducted three numerical experiments with the HSI model, with and without the NPZD model data (with the NPZD model data: phytoplankton or zooplankton concentrations, without the NPZD model data: only the physical data of the ocean). In the HSI model with zooplankton concentrations, we found a stronger positive relationship between the HSI model values and the daily fisheries catch data of U. edulis than that using only the physical variables of the ocean as the environmental parameters. Our study thus indicates that the performance of the fishing ground prediction model will improve by utilizing the lower trophic ecosystem model such as zooplankton concentrations. Furthermore, our results would provide important implications for the efficiency of fishing operations and the conservation and management of this species.
Human‐induced salinity changes impact marine organisms and ecosystems
Authors: Röthig Till , Trevathan‐Tackett Stacey M. , Voolstra Christian R. , Ross Cliff , Chaffron Samuel , Durack Paul J. , Warmuth Laura M. , Sweet Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractClimate change is fundamentally altering marine and coastal ecosystems on a global scale. While the effects of ocean warming and acidification on ecology and ecosystem functions and services are being comprehensively researched, less attention is directed toward understanding the impacts of human‐driven ocean salinity changes. The global water cycle operates through water fluxes expressed as precipitation, evaporation, and freshwater runoff from land. Changes to these in turn modulate ocean salinity and shape the marine and coastal environment by affecting ocean currents, stratification, oxygen saturation, and sea level rise. Besides the direct impact on ocean physical processes, salinity changes impact ocean biological functions with the ecophysiological consequences are being poorly understood. This is surprising as salinity changes may impact diversity, ecosystem and habitat structure loss, and community shifts including trophic cascades. Climate model future projections (of end of the century salinity changes) indicate magnitudes that lead to modification of open ocean plankton community structure and habitat suitability of coral reef communities. Such salinity changes are also capable of affecting the diversity and metabolic capacity of coastal microorganisms and impairing the photosynthetic capacity of (coastal and open ocean) phytoplankton, macroalgae, and seagrass, with downstream ramifications on global biogeochemical cycling. The scarcity of comprehensive salinity data in dynamic coastal regions warrants additional attention. Such datasets are crucial to quantify salinity‐based ecosystem function relationships and project such changes that ultimately link into carbon sequestration and freshwater as well as food availability to human populations around the globe. It is critical to integrate vigorous high‐quality salinity data with interacting key environmental parameters (e.g., temperature, nutrients, oxygen) for a comprehensive understanding of anthropogenically induced marine changes and its impact on human health and the global economy.