bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parapapillary drusen of the retinal pigment epithelium
Authors: Jonas Jost B. , Jonas Rahul A. , Jonas Shefali B. , Panda‐Jonas Songhomitra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeTo describe the occurrence, morphology and associations of parapapillary drusen of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE‐drusen).MethodsUsing light microscopy, we histomorphometrically examined enucleated human eyes.ResultsThe study included 83 eyes (axial length: 25.9 ± 3.2 mm; range: 20.0–35.0 mm). Eyes with parapapillary RPE‐drusen (n = 29 (35%) eyes) as compared to those without drusen had a significantly shorter axial length (24.0 ± 1.8 mm vs 27.0 ± 3.3 mm; p < 0.001), higher prevalence (27/29 vs 12/54; p < 0.001) and longer width (213 ± 125 μm vs 96 ± 282 μm; p < 0.0001) of parapapillary alpha zone, and thicker BM in parapapillary beta zone (8.4 ± 2.7 μm vs 3.9 ± 2.0 μm; p < 0.001) and alpha zone (6.6 ± 3.9 μm vs 4.4 ± 1.5 μm; p = 0.02). Prevalence of parapapillary RPE‐drusen was 27 (69%) out of 39 eyes with alpha zone. Beneath the RPE‐drusen and in total alpha zone, choriocapillaris was open, while it was closed in the central part of parapapillary beta zone. BM thickness was thicker (p = 0.001) in alpha zone than beta zone, where it was thicker (p < 0.001) than in the region outside of alpha/beta zone. BM thickness outside of alpha/beta zone was not correlated with prevalence of parapapillary RPE‐drusen (p = 0.47) or axial length (p = 0.31). RPE cell density was higher in alpha zone than in the region adjacent to alpha zone (22.7 ± 7.3 cells/240 μm vs 18.3 ± 4.1 cells/240 μm; p < 0.001). In the parapapillary RPE‐drusen, RPE cells were connected with a PAS‐positive basal membrane.ConclusionsParapapillary RPE‐drusen as fibrous pseudo‐metaplasia of the RPE were associated with shorter axial length, higher prevalence and larger size of alpha zone, and thicker BM in alpha zone and beta zone. The RPE‐drusen may be helpful to differentiate glaucomatous parapapillary beta zone from myopic beta zone.
Detecting and exploiting the circadian clock in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Wilantri Siska , Grasshoff Hanna , Lange Tanja , Gaber Timo , Besedovsky Luciana , Buttgereit Frank 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOver the past four decades, research on 24‐h rhythms has yielded numerous remarkable findings, revealing their genetic, molecular, and physiological significance for immunity and various diseases. Thus, circadian rhythms are of fundamental importance to mammals, as their disruption and misalignment have been associated with many diseases and the abnormal functioning of many physiological processes. In this article, we provide a brief overview of the molecular regulation of 24‐h rhythms, their importance for immunity, the deleterious effects of misalignment, the link between such pathological rhythms and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and the potential exploitation of chronobiological rhythms for the chronotherapy of inflammatory autoimmune diseases, using RA as an example.
Drivers of jaguar (Panthera onca) and puma (Puma concolor) predation on endangered primates within a transformed landscape in southern Mexico
Authors: Shedden‐González Aralisa , Solórzano‐García Brenda , White Jennifer Mae , Gillingham Phillipa K. , Korstjens Amanda H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHuman pressures have increasingly placed keystone species, such as large cats, under threat. Together with forest loss, prey depletion is one of the main threats to the survival of jaguars (Panthera onca) and pumas (Puma concolor) throughout the Neotropics. Generally, primates are not considered main prey for jaguar and puma, and their inclusion in the diet could be indicative of ongoing prey species decline. Here, we investigate the effect of habitat type and disturbance on primate predation by large cats. Surveys took place during the dry seasons (March to June) of 2010 and 2011, covering a total of 608.5 km across 24 localities in the Uxpanapa Valley, Mexico. We found 65 felid scat samples with the aid of a wildlife scat detection dog, and then examined them to identify predator species and classify the prey remains they contained. Primates represented the most frequent prey (35%) for both jaguar and puma in our study site and constituted approximately half of the biomass consumed by these felines in the area. Primate remains were more likely to be found in scats surrounded by the lowest percentage of conserved forest or in areas surrounded by more villages, showing the potential effects of human activities on these species' populations. The high proportion of primates found in scats within our study site could be an early indication that populations of ungulates and other “typical” prey are beginning to collapse, and urgent conservation interventions are needed for both large cats and primates before they become locally extinct.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Promotion of squamous cell carcinoma tumorigenesis by oncogene‐mediated THG‐1/TSC22D4 phosphorylation
Authors: Goto Nohara , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Zheng Ling , Okano Yasuhito , Okita Yukari , Watanabe Yukihide , Kato Yukinari , Kato Mitsuyasu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCarcinoma cells possess high proliferative and invasive potentials and exhibit a resilience against stresses, metabolic disorder, and therapeutic efforts. These properties are mainly acquired by genetic alterations including driver gene mutations. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we provide a novel mechanism connecting oncogenic signaling and the tumorigenic properties by a transforming growth factor‐β1‐stimulated clone 22 (TSC‐22) family protein, THG‐1 (also called as TSC22D4). THG‐1 is localized at the basal layer of normal squamous epithelium and overexpressed in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). THG‐1 knockdown suppressed SCC cell proliferation, invasiveness, and xenograft tumor formation. In contrast, THG‐1 overexpression promoted the EGF‐induced proliferation and stratified epithelium formation. Furthermore, THG‐1 is phosphorylated by the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)‐RAS‐ERK pathway, which promoted the oncogene‐mediated tumorigenesis. Moreover, THG‐1 involves in the alternative splicing of CD44 variants, a regulator of invasiveness, stemness, and oxidative stress resistance under the RTK pathway. These findings highlight the pivotal roles of THG‐1 as a novel effector of SCC tumorigenesis, and the detection of THG‐1 phosphorylation by our established specific antibody could contribute to cancer diagnosis and therapy.
A multicomponent health care intervention is associated with improved glycaemic control in subjects with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes compared with routine care: The INTEGRA study
Authors: Molló Àngels , Vlacho Bogdan , Gratacòs Mònica , Mata‐Cases Manel , Rubinat Esther , Berenguera Ossó Anna , Cos Francesc Xavier , Franch‐Nadal Josep , Khunti Kamlesh , Mauricio Dídac ,   the INTEGRA research group
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimThe INTEGRA study evaluated whether a specially designed multicomponent health care intervention improved glycaemic control in subjects with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes compared with standard of care practice.Research Design and MethodsPragmatic study in subjects from primary care centres with type 2 diabetes and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) >9% (75 mmol/mol). The multifaceted intervention (N = 225 subjects) included a diabetes‐focused visit encouraging therapeutic intensification by health care professionals. Retrospective data from matched controls (N = 675) were obtained from electronic medical records of a primary care database. The primary outcome was to compare the change in HbA1c values between the groups at 12 months of follow‐up.ResultsThe mean HbA1c decreased substantially in both groups after 3 months, and the mean reduction was significantly greater in the intervention group than in the usual care group after 12 months [mean difference −0.66% (−7 mmol/mol), 95% CI −0.4, −1.0; p < .001]. A larger percentage of participants in the intervention group achieved HbA1c <7% and <8% goals (15.5% vs. 5.3% and 29.3% vs. 13.5%, respectively; p < .001). The improvement in HbA1c levels was sustained throughout the study only in the intervention arm. Glucose‐lowering therapy was more frequently intensified in patients in the intervention group at the initial and final time points of the study (between 0‐3 and 6‐12 months; p < .001), with a significant increase in the number of patients prescribed ≥2 antidiabetic therapies (p < .001).ConclusionsA multifaceted intervention oriented at reducing therapeutic inertia by primary care physicians was associated with greater improvement in glycaemic control compared with patients treated as per usual care.
The relationship between the school as a learning organisation and staff outcomes: A case study of Wales
Authors: Kools Marco , Gouëdard Pierre , George Bert , Steijn Bram , Bekkers Victor , Stoll Louise 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDoes the school as a learning organisation affect staff outcomes? This article examines the relationship between the school as a learning organisation and staff job satisfaction and the school's responsiveness to staff needs using a purposefully designed “Schools as Learning Organisations Survey” completed as part of an OECD study in Wales. A positive and significant relationship is found between the school as a learning organisation and both job satisfaction of staff—that is school leaders, teachers and teaching support staff—and the school's responsiveness to staff needs. The article proposes ways of realising these outcomes and identifies areas for further research. Policy makers, school staff and other stakeholders in education and other public sectors internationally can use these findings as supporting evidence in recommending people to develop their organisations into learning organisations, given the potential benefits for employees and the organisation at large.
Kant's missing analytic of artistic beauty
Authors: Reiter Aviv , Geiger Ido 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Analytic of the Beautiful in Kant's Critique of Aesthetic Judgment is a text of unparalleled importance in the history of philosophical aesthetics. Its main claims are adopted by some and rejected by others. A significant number of responses, of both kinds, take the Analytic to apply to all experiences of beauty—most notably, to the beauty of both nature and fine art. Our principal claim is that this assumption is mistaken. The analysis in the misleadingly titled Analytic of the Beautiful applies paradigmatically to judgments of natural beauty. The experience of the beauty of most artworks is different and requires a separate analysis. We detail the modifications required in all four moments of the Analytic and thereby explicate the experience of artistic beauty. This reveals that Kant holds an interesting and historically consequential account of the experience of artistic beauty, which is significantly different from the experience of natural beauty. The analysis further reveals that despite these significant differences, the experiences are both species of a single genus.
Membership‐based aircraft parking stand allocation system with time window constraints: An event‐based time–space separated algorithm
Authors: Zhou Tianwei , Zhang Churong , Yao Xizhang , Niu Ben 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOutsourcing maintenance service providers are vital to guarantee safe operation in airline industry. To reduce the workload and avoid incompatible arrangement schemes in traditional manual arrangement, this article constructs an intelligent system with a novelly designed model and algorithm for membership‐based aircraft parking stand allocation problem. This problem arises from outsourcing maintenance service providers. They need to first serve membership orders, while guaranteeing punctual delivery of other orders. In particular, mutual collision should be strictly avoided between aircrafts. To solve this problem, first, a mathematical model is constructed to optimize timetable and aircraft parking stand allocation scheme. Second, to quickly obtain feasible scheduling scheme, three kinds of mechanisms, including information guidance mechanism, boundary arrangement mechanisms and local optimal adjustment mechanism, are novelly proposed. Moreover, event‐based time–space separated heuristic algorithm is subtly designed based on time–space separation characteristics. In addition, coding schemes are proposed through problem analysis. Finally, three cases with different scales are utilized and six comparison algorithms are selected to illustrate the superiority of our proposed algorithm.
Relevance of shrinkage versus fragmented response patterns in rectal cancer
Authors: Kus Ozturk Sonay , Graham Martinez Cristina , Sheahan Kieran , Winter Desmond C , Aherne Susan , Ryan Éanna J , van de Velde Cornelis JH , Marijnen Corrie AM , Hospers Geke AP , Roodvoets Annet GH , Doukas Michail , Mens David , Verhoef Cornelis , van der Post Rachel S , Nagtegaal Iris D 
Published: August 2023

AimsPartial response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) presents with one of two main response patterns: shrinkage or fragmentation. This study investigated the relevance of these response patterns in rectal cancer, correlation with other response indicators, and outcome.Methods and resultsThe study included a test (n = 197) and a validation cohort (n = 218) of post‐CRT patients with rectal adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified and a partial response. Response patterns were scored by two independent observers using a previously developed three‐step flowchart. Tumour regression grading (TRG) was established according to both the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and Dworak classifications. In both cohorts, the predominant response pattern was fragmentation (70% and 74%), and the scoring interobserver agreement was excellent (k = 0.85). Patients with a fragmented pattern presented with significantly higher pathological stage (ypTNM II‐IV, 78% versus 35%; P < 0.001), less tumour regression with Dworak (P = 0.004), and CAP TRG (P = 0.005) compared to patients with a shrinkage pattern. As a predictor of prognosis, the shrinkage pattern outperformed the TRG classification and stratified patients better in overall (fragmented pattern, hazard ratio [HR] 2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–3.50, P = 0.008) and disease‐free survival (DFS; fragmented pattern, HR 2.50, 95% CI 1.23–5.10, P = 0.011) in the combined cohorts. The multivariable regression analyses revealed pathological stage as the only independent predictor of DFS.ConclusionsThe heterogeneous nature of tumour response following CRT is reflected in fragmentation and shrinkage. In rectal cancer there is a predominance of the fragmented pattern, which is associated with advanced stage and less tumour regression. While not independently associated with survival, these reproducible patterns give insights into the biology of tumour response.
Ki67 assessment protocol as an integral biomarker for avoiding radiotherapy in the LUMINA breast cancer trial
Authors: Nielsen Torsten O , Leung Samuel C Y , Riaz Nazia , Mulligan Anna M , Kos Zuzana , Bane Anita , Whelan Timothy J 
Published: August 2023

AimsThe LUMINA trial demonstrated a very low local recurrence rate in women ≥55 years with low‐risk luminal A breast cancer (defined as grade I‐II, T1N0, hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative and Ki67 index ≤13.25%) treated with breast‐conserving surgery and endocrine therapy (but no other systemic therapy), supporting the safe omission of radiation in these women. Here we describe the protocol for Ki67 assessment, the companion diagnostic used to guide omission of adjuvant radiotherapy.MethodsKi67 immunohistochemistry was performed on full‐face sections at one of three regional labs. Pathologists trained in the International Ki67 in Breast Cancer Working Group (IKWG) method demarcated tumour areas on scanned slides and scored 100 nuclei from each of at least five randomly selected 1‐mm fields. For cases with high Ki67 heterogeneity, further virtual cores were selected and scored in order to confidently assign a case as luminal A (≤13.25%) or B (>13.25%). Interlaboratory variability was assessed through an annual quality assurance programme during the study period.ResultsFrom the quality assurance programme, the mean Ki67 index across all cases/labs was 13%. The observed intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and kappa statistics were ≥0.9 and ≥0.7, respectively, indicating a substantial level of agreement. Median scoring time was 4 min per case. The IKWG‐recommended scoring method, performed directly from slides, requiring up to four scored fields, is concordant with the LUMINA scoring method (ICC ≥ 0.9).ConclusionKi67 is a practical, reproducible, and inexpensive biomarker that can identify low‐risk luminal A breast cancers as potential candidates for radiation de‐escalation.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01791829
Sentinel lymph node biopsy for lentigo maligna melanoma under local anaesthesia
Authors: Huynh Julia , Leiter Ulrike , Garbe Claus , Shiderova Galina , Walter Vincent , Eigentler Thomas , Scheu Alexander , Häfner Hans‐Martin , Schnabl Saskia Maria 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundLentigo maligna melanoma is mainly localized in the head and neck region in elderly patients. Due to its slow horizontal growth, it has a good prognosis compared to other melanoma subtypes, but specific data are rare.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate sentinel lymph node biopsy in lentigo maligna melanoma under local anaesthesia and to discuss the benefit.MethodsInvestigation of patients with lentigo maligna melanoma and tumour thickness ≥1 mm treated at the Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Tuebingen, between January 2008 and October 2019.ResultsIn total, 204 patients (126 SLNB, 78 non‐SLNB) with a median age of 75.7 years (SLNB: 73.3 years, non‐SLNB: 79.7 years) could be included. Sixteen of 126 (12.7%) sentinel lymph nodes were positive. Five‐year overall survival was 87.9% (88.5% SLNB; 87.4% non‐SLNB) and 5‐year distant metastasis‐free survival was 85.8% (85.4% SLNB; 86.7% non‐SLNB). There was no significant difference for distant metastasis‐free survival (p = 0.861) and overall survival (p = 0.247) between patients with and without sentinel lymph node biopsy.ConclusionsSentinel lymph node biopsy in lentigo maligna melanoma under local anaesthesia is a safe and simple method, even in very old patients. However, LMM has a very good 5‐year overall survival. In high‐risk patients with high tumour thickness and/or ulceration, adjuvant immunotherapy can now be offered without the need to perform this procedure.
Establishing and sustaining an acute care for elders unit: An incremental journey to success
Authors: Lynch David H. , Mournighan Kimberly , Dale Maureen , Spangler Hillary B. , Gotelli John , Davis Ronald , Felton Kittra , Lingley‐Brown Kara , Busby‐Whitehead Jan , Batsis John A. , Hanson Laura C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAcute Care for Elders (ACE) units reduce hospital‐associated delirium, functional decline, and lengths of stay. However, establishing and sustaining such units have proven difficult. There are only 43 ACE units among the >3500 hospitals in the United States. This study describes an iterative quality improvement process, which allowed us to establish and sustain an ACE unit care model in a modern academic hospital. This continuous process was centered on implementing the key principles of the ACE unit model of care: patient‐centered care assessments, medical care review, specialized prepared environment, early mobilization, physical therapy, and early planning for discharge to home. Quality of care and patient outcomes data for older adults admitted to our ACE unit includes mortality index (observed/expected) consistently <1 (FY22 = 0.86), 30‐day readmission rate of <10% (FY22 9.31%), and length of stay index of ~1 (FY22 1.07). We describe how work on our ACE unit has led to hospital‐wide initiatives, including dementia‐friendly hospital certification. Our hope is that others can use this process to enhance the dissemination of the ACE unit model of care.
Structural attribution of emissions along the global supply chain and implications for climate policy
Authors: Tokito Shohei , Hanaka Tesshu , Nagashima Fumiya 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo develop and implement effective policies to mitigate climate change, it is important to understand the emission profile of sectors that comprise the network of global supply chains. Focusing on the relationship between sectors’ positions in the global supply chain, this study develops a structural position analysis framework based on input–output analysis. Our framework reveals the highest‐priority sectors and transactions, and the best strategies for CO2 emission reduction in the global supply chain. The strategies identified focus on cross‐border transactions and highlight the need for inter‐sectoral and international collaboration. The results indicate that the United States and China have different priorities and characteristics (even vis‐à‐vis the same industry), and that joint emission reduction policies should be coordinated to take advantage of each country's emission reduction potential. Our findings suggest that, in the United States and Europe, policies to promote the reduction of direct emissions from production of goods for exports through carbon taxes are important. Contrarily, in Asian countries, carbon emissions originate mainly from intermediate goods trades, suggesting the need for mandatory life cycle assessment reporting and emissions disclosure. Our analytical framework thus proposes specific policies that could effectively reduce specific sectors' and transactions’ carbon footprints.
Oil Shocks, External Adjustment, and Country Portfolio
Authors: SHENG LIUGANG , ZHAO HONGYAN 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study examines the intertemporal nature of countries’ external adjustment by using two oil income shocks with different timings: giant oil discovery news shocks and contemporaneous oil revenue shocks from international oil price changes. Empirical estimates using a large panel of countries support the intertemporal theory. Net foreign assets hike immediately upon oil revenue shocks, but decline for the first 5 years after oil discoveries and rebound subsequently. These adjustments are largely through the current account but partially stabilized by valuation effects for oil revenue shocks. Oil discoveries attract FDI inflows, while oil revenue shocks increase foreign debt assets holdings.