bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery: A review
Authors: Warren Alexis , Wang Daniel W. , Lim Jennifer I. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a serious surgical condition with significant ocular morbidity if not managed properly. Once untreatable, approaches to the repair of RRD have greatly evolved over the years, leading to outstanding primary surgical success rates. The management of RRD is often a topic of great debate. Scleral buckling, vitrectomy and pneumatic retinopexy have been used successfully for the treatment of RRD. Several factors may affect surgical success and dictate a surgeon's preference for the technique employed. In this review, we provide an overview and supporting literature on the options for RRD repair and their respective preoperative and postoperative considerations in order to guide surgical management.
Spontaneous recovery rate of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chaushu Hen , Ungar Omer J. , Abu Eta Rani , Handzel Ophir , Muhanna Nidal , Oron Yahav 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeSteroids comprise the mainstay of treatment for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). Since steroidal treatment was integrated to clinical practice guidelines, newly published no‐treatment or placebo arms in clinical trials are scarce. To evaluate the effectiveness of steroidal treatment ± hyperbaric oxygen therapy, the data should be compared to spontaneous recovery. The aim of this paper is to find the most accurate spontaneous recovery rate, in the light of which, other treatment modalities should be judged.Materials and MethodsEligible studies published until July 2021 were identified through systematic searches of ‘PubMed’, ‘Web of Science’ and ‘Google Scholar’. Retrospective studies and randomised/non‐randomised control trials involving only adult participants (≥18 years) with ISSNHL, and placebo/no treatment were included. Only articles that used the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery's diagnostic criteria for ISSNHL were included.Results942 records initially identified, 166 duplicates and 753 articles were excluded based on article subject, title, and abstract. The full texts of 13 articles were reviewed. Seven studies were included for qualitative synthesis, five papers included in quantitative synthesis. 180 ears were included in pooled statistics. The pooled spontaneous recovery was 60.28% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 38.88%–79.94%) with a heterogeneity of 86.0% (95% CI = 69.4%–93.6%).ConclusionsSpontaneous recovery of ISSNHL should not be over‐looked, as it may be close to 60%. This may have both clinical and research implications.
Uncovering the Structure of Semantic Representations Using a Computational Model of Decision‐Making
Authors: Ramotowska Sonia , Steinert‐Threlkeld Shane , van Maanen Leendert , Szymanik Jakub 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAccording to logical theories of meaning, a meaning of an expression can be formalized and encoded in truth conditions. Vagueness of the language and individual differences between people are a challenge to incorporate into the meaning representations. In this paper, we propose a new approach to study truth‐conditional representations of vague concepts. For a case study, we selected two natural language quantifiers most and more than half. We conducted two online experiments, each with 90 native English speakers. In the first experiment, we tested between‐subjects variability in meaning representations. In the second experiment, we tested the stability of meaning representations over time by testing the same group of participants in two experimental sessions. In both experiments, participants performed the verification task. They verified a sentence with a quantifier (e.g., “Most of the gleerbs are feezda.”) based on the numerical information provided in the second sentence, (e.g., “60% of the gleerbs are feezda”). To investigate between‐subject and within‐subject differences in meaning representations, we proposed an extended version of the Diffusion Decision Model with two parameters capturing truth conditions and vagueness. We fit the model to responses and reaction times data. In the first experiment, we found substantial between‐subject differences in representations of most as reflected by the variability in the truth conditions. Moreover, we found that the verification of most is proportion‐dependent as reflected in the reaction time effect and model parameter. In the second experiment, we showed that quantifier representations are stable over time as reflected in stable model parameters across two experimental sessions. These findings challenge semantic theories that assume the truth‐conditional equivalence of most and more than half and contribute to the representational theory of vague concepts. The current study presents a promising approach to study semantic representations, which can have a wide application in experimental linguistics.
Abstracts of randomized controlled trials in the field of dentofacial trauma: Reporting quality and spin
Authors: Fang Xiaolin , Guo Feiyang , Chen Zhi , Hua Fang , Zhang Lu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground/AimAbstracts of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) provide a summary of the entire trial report. Their transparent, detailed, and accurate reporting is essential for clinical decision‐making and evidence‐based dental practice. The aim of this study was to assess the reporting quality and prevalence of spin in abstracts of RCTs in the field of dentofacial trauma.Materials and MethodsThe PubMed database was searched to identify RCT reports published between 2017 and 2021 in the field of dentofacial trauma. The reporting quality of abstracts was assessed according to the 16‐item CONSORT for Abstracts checklist and measured with an overall quality score (OQS, range: 0–16). Linear regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with reporting quality. Among the included RCTs, parallel‐group RCTs with non‐significant primary outcomes were selected for spin assessment using predefined spin strategies.ResultsOne hundred and twelve eligible abstracts were identified and included. The mean OQS was 4.51 (SD, 1.35; 95% CI, 4.26–4.76). Abstracts with more than 250 words (p = .004) and a structured format (p = .032) had significantly better reporting quality. Of the 30 abstracts that were eligible for spin assessment, spin was identified in 23 (76.7%). Among these, spin was observed in the Conclusions sections of 22 abstracts (73.3%) and the Results sections of 9 abstracts (30.0%).ConclusionsAmong RCT abstracts in the field of dentofacial trauma, the reporting quality was sub‐optimal and the prevalence of spin was relatively high. Strict adherence to the CONSORT for Abstracts guidelines is needed to ensure complete and transparent reporting. Relevant stakeholders need to make concerted efforts to avoid spin.
Social support buffers young men's resilient coping to psychological distress
Authors: Sharp Paul , Oliffe John L. , Kealy David , Rice Simon M. , Seidler Zac E. , Ogrodniczuk John S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimSocial support and resilient coping can aid mental health. The aim of this study was to examine age effects of social support on men's resilient coping for psychological distress.MethodsThe sample consisted of 434 help‐seeking Canadian men who completed standardized measures. Regression analyses tested a moderated moderation model, controlling for COVID‐19 pandemic impact.ResultsGreater resilient coping was associated with lower psychological distress and this relationship was moderated by social support. Higher levels of social support had a significant positive effect on men's resilient coping for psychological distress. Findings indicated that younger men (18–24 years) were most positively buffered by social support.ConclusionsSocial support appears to be particularly important for young men's coping response to psychological distress. This is an important finding in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic, where social support networks have been challenged. Community‐based and clinical programs and initiatives that proactively target young men's development of social connections and robust supportive networks, while bolstering their individual resilient coping skills, are likely to provide protections from psychological distress.
Dominant temperate and subalpine Japanese trees have variable photosynthetic thermal optima according to site mean annual temperature
Authors: Kobayashi Yuta , Haga Chihiro , Shinohara Naoto , Nishizawa Keita , Mori Akira S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimGlobal flux data analyses have shown a significant positive and linear relationship between site‐scale photosynthetic optimum temperature (Topt‐s) and averaged temperature variables. However, as existing studies have not fully considered species composition, it remains unclear to what extent the change in Topt‐s is derived from intraspecific plasticity or from a difference in species with a consistent species‐specific Topt‐s. We tested these two hypotheses using the satellite‐derived enhanced vegetation index (EVI).LocationSubalpine and temperate forests in Japan.Time period2001–2020.Major taxa studiedThirty‐three tree species.MethodsBased on an in situ vegetation survey dataset, we identified 1814 EVI cells (250 m × 250 m) that were characteristic of the spectral reflectance of a single dominant species. For each cell, we pooled EVIs from 2001 to 2020 and estimated the temperature at the time of EVI peak as a species‐specific Topt‐s. We tested our hypotheses by fitting linear regression models to the Topt‐s and mean annual temperature (MAT). A positive slope indicated support for the intraspecific plasticity hypothesis.ResultsFor 32 of the 33 tree species, the Topt‐s increased with an increase in MAT. A linear mixed‐effect model provided a good explanation of the variation in the Topt‐s based on the MAT (intercept = 14.63, slope = 0.58, marginal R2 = .78), with minimal effect of species difference (conditional R2 = .75).Main conclusionsOur results support the intraspecific plasticity hypothesis. At least in East Asian subalpine and temperate forests, the Topt‐s can be estimated from the MAT, irrespective of the dominant canopy species. The observed MAT–Topt‐s relationship is consistent with the findings of previous photosynthetic studies and has important implications for the establishment of new algorithms for estimating gross primary productivity that can account explicitly for spatial and temporal differences in temperature‐dependent photosynthetic responses.
Greasing the wheels of policy reversal: Discursive engineering and public opinion management during the relaxation of China's family planning policy
Authors: Yan Xiaojun , Li La 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHow do autocratic regimes use political propaganda to facilitate policy reversals of major significance? In this article, we demonstrate how the authoritarian regime in China dynamically uses propaganda to accomplish rapid discursive shifts in the context of major policy changes. Using a structural topic model for unsupervised machine learning to analyze extensive propaganda materials, we explore how the Chinese Communist Party facilitated the reversal of its One‐Child Policy in 2015 by deploying a systematic, precise, multi‐dimensional, and multi‐layered discursive engineering project. Our findings demonstrate that instead of a monolithic and rigid operation, China's state propaganda is a strategic and flexible discursive engineering project tailored to contingent factors, such as the nature of the policy being advocated, the level of the propaganda venue, and the needs, mentality, and tastes of carefully targeted audiences. This coordinated maneuver of state narrative is key for the effective and smooth policy reversal of major significance.
Cross‐sectional study evaluating the association of haemophilia‐related distress and clinically relevant outcomes
Authors: Guasch Sara , Scott Lia C. , Figueroa Janet , Buckner Tyler W. , Mattis Shanna , Tran Duc Q. , Kempton Christine L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn chronic diseases, disease‐related distress can impact disease outcomes. Distress and haemophilia‐related distress has been demonstrated in people with haemophilia (PwH). The association of haemophilia‐related distress on disease outcomes among PwH is unknown.AimTo study the association of haemophilia‐related distress with haemophilia specific outcomes, including adherence to prophylactic therapy, the presence of a target joint, healthcare utilization and work‐impairment.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, adults with haemophilia A or B were enrolled in a study to validate the haemophilia‐related distress questionnaire (HRDq). In this planned analysis, univariate and multivariate associations between the HRDq total score and disease outcomes were explored.ResultsThe 114 participants in this analysis were male, mostly with haemophilia A (92%) and severe disease (52%) with a median age of 31.9 years. On univariate analysis, HRDq total score (5‐point change) was associated with the presence of a target joint (P = .002), high healthcare utilization (P = .011), poor adherence (P = .033) and work‐impairment (P ≤ .001). After adjustment for age, race, severity and other potential confounders, adherence (aβ 0.33, 95% CI .17, .49) and work‐impairment (aβ 4.69, 95% CI 3.27‐6.1) remained statistically significantly associated with HRDq total score.ConclusionHaemophilia‐related distress is associated with poor adherence to factor prophylaxis and work‐impairment. The direction of the association (causation) is yet to be determined and requires future study.
Access to novel drugs and therapeutics for children and youth: Eliciting citizens' values to inform public funding decisions
Authors: Gauvreau Cindy L. , Wight Lisa , Subasri Mathushan , Palmer Antonia , Hayeems Robin , Croker Alysha , Abelson Julia , Fraser Brent , Bombard Yvonne , Moore Hepburn Charlotte , Wilson Michael G. , Denburg Avram 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe unique evidentiary, economic and ethical challenges associated with health technology assessment (HTA) of precision therapies limit access to novel drugs and therapeutics for children and youth, for whom such challenges are amplified. We elicited citizens' perspectives about values‐based criteria relevant to the assessment of paediatric precision therapies to inform the development of a child‐tailored HTA framework.MethodsWe held four citizen panels virtually in May–June 2021, informed by a plain‐language citizen brief summarizing global and local evidence about the challenges, policy and programmatic options and implementation strategies related to enhancing access to precision therapies for Canadian children and youth. Panellists were recruited through a nationally representative database, medical/patient networks and social media. We inductively coded and thematically analysed panel transcripts to generate themes and identify priority values.ResultsThe perspectives of panellists (n = 45) coalesced into four overlapping themes, with attendant subthemes, relevant to a child‐tailored HTA framework: (1) Childhood Distinctions: vulnerability, ‘fair innings’, future potential, family impacts; (2) Voice: agency of children and youth; lived versus no lived experience; (3) One versus Many: disease severity, rarity, equity, unmet need and (4) Health System Governance: funding, implementation inequities, effectiveness and safety. Participants broadly agreed that childhood distinctions, particularly family impacts, justify child‐tailored HTA. Dissent arose over whose voice should inform HTA and how such perspectives are best incorporated.ConclusionsCitizens can offer unique insights into criteria relevant to the development or revision of HTA frameworks to capture holistic, societally responsive dimensions of value attached to unique contexts or populations, including children. Balancing the hopes and expectations of patients and caregivers for access to expensive but potential life‐altering therapies against the opportunity costs borne by encompassing health systems is a fundamental challenge that will require rigorous methods to elicit, weigh and reconcile varied views.Patient or Public ContributionA patient advocate served on the steering committee of this study and co‐authored this article. Key informants for the Citizen Brief included patient advocates and caregivers; a separate patient advocate reviewed the Brief before dissemination. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from the general public and caregivers of children, with written consent.
Exploring COVID‐19 experiences for persons with multiple sclerosis and carers: An Australian qualitative study
Authors: Correia Helen , Martin‐Lynch Pamela , Finlayson Marcia , Learmonth Yvonne C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe COVID‐19 pandemic continues to impact communities around the world. In this study, we explored the COVID‐19 experiences of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and carers.MethodsUsing a qualitative approach, interviews were undertaken with 27 participants residing in Australia (10 persons with MS, 10 carers and 7 MS service providers). Demographic and background data were also collected. Interviews were analysed using an inductive iterative thematic analysis.ResultsAcross all groups, participants consistently recognized pandemic challenges and impacts for persons with MS and carers, especially due to disruption to routines and services. Emotional and mental health impacts were also highlighted, as anxiety, fear of contracting COVID‐19 and stress, including relationship stress between persons with MS and carers and family members. Some persons with MS also mentioned physical health impacts, while for carers, the challenge of disruptions included increased demands and reduced resources. In addition to acknowledging challenges, persons with MS and carers also gave examples of resilience. This included coping and adapting by finding new routines and creating space through rest and breaks and through appreciating positives including the benefits of access to telehealth.ConclusionAdditional support is required for persons with MS and carers in navigating the impacts of COVID‐19 as the pandemic progresses. In addition to addressing challenges and disruptions, such support should also acknowledge and support the resilience of people with MS and carers and enhance resilience through supporting strategies for coping and adaptation.Patient and Public ContributionService user stakeholders were consulted at the beginning and end of the study. They provided feedback on interview questions and participant engagement, as well as service user perspectives on the themes identified in the current study. Participants were provided with summaries of key themes identified and invited to provide comments.
The impact of climate change on atopic dermatitis and mental health comorbidities: a review of the literature and examination of intersectionality
Authors: Kam Sharon , Hwang Barrington J. , Parker Eva R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractClimate change, fueled by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, is associated with rising temperatures, extreme weather events, increased aeroallergen production, and air pollution. Our understanding that many inflammatory cutaneous diseases carry important mental health comorbidities is expanding. Simultaneously, the detrimental impacts of climate change on human health are now widely recognized as a global public health crisis. Importantly, these climate‐associated phenomena exacerbate the environmental triggers of atopic dermatitis (AD) and are also associated with amplification of comorbid mental health conditions in AD including depression, anxiety, trauma‐related disorders, and psychotic spectrum disorders. This review is the first to examine the nexus of climate change, atopic dermatitis, and mental health comorbidities and emphasizes the disproportionate impacts of climate change in vulnerable and marginalized populations.
Soluble programmed death ligand‐1‐induced immunosuppressive effects on chimeric antigen receptor‐natural killer cells targeting Glypican‐3 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Lin , Liu Siyuan , Adah Dickson , Sun Qingyang , Liang Zhaoduan , Ho Mitchell , Sun Beicheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough the pre‐clinical study of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐natural killer (NK) cell was effective against various tumours, immunosuppression mediated by tumour microenvironment hampers their application and several efforts have been explored to improve their effect in combating solid tumours. Glypican 3 (GPC3) is a promising target for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and CAR‐T cells targeting GPC3 have been tested in clinical trials. Based on an affinity‐enhanced antibody (hYP7) targeting GPC3, we constructed GPC3‐CAR‐NK cells to explore their potential function in the treatment of HCC. We found that patients with HCC secreted high levels of soluble programmed death‐ligand 1 (sPD‐L1), which inhibits the function of CAR‐NK cells targeting GPC3. In addition, we combined high‐affinity sPD‐L1 variant (L3C7c‐Fc) with GPC3‐CAR‐NK cells to solve the problem of GPC3‐CAR‐NK inhibition. Our studies demonstrated that L3C7c‐Fc could enhance the therapeutic effect of CAR‐NK cells by reversing the suppression of sPD‐L1, which provides the experimental evidence for the subsequent development of HCC immunotherapy strategies.
How to introduce a livestreaming channel: a case of the hotel at a fixed capacity
Authors: Guo Qiang , Cheng Shengyan , Zhao Pengfei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractConsidering two hotels that sell substitutable rooms through the same online travel agency (OTA), we study the optimal supply chain structure for a fixed‐capacity hotel to introduce a livestreaming channel (LC). First, ideal pricing and room allocation are explored through four scenarios: (a) a single channel with no introduction, (b) a dual channel with a hotel‐operated LC, (c) a dual channel with an OTA‐operated LC, and (d) a dual channel involving an influencer retailer. Upon comparing each model's supply chain performance, we find that small and large hotels prefer influencer retailers, while medium‐sized hotels favor a self‐operated LC when influencers cannot demonstrably extend the market. An OTA‐operated livestreaming service is only appropriate for a declining economy because the platform's reputation and livestream presentation can inform consumers’ travel intentions after recovery. Furthermore, OTAs may only suffer during the introductory period, whereas a supply chain system will benefit from celebrities’ charisma and impulsive consumption.