bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining Therapy Duration in Adults With Voice Disorders
Authors: Fujiki Robert Brinton , Thibeault Susan L. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:This study examined the number of voice therapy sessions and the number of weeks in treatment to achieve desired voice outcomes in adults with voice disorders. Factors that may predict therapy duration were examined, as was the percentage of patients returning to the clinic for additional voice therapy after initial discharge.Method:An observational cohort design was utilized. Data from 558 patients were extracted from the University of Wisconsin–Madison Voice and Swallow Outcomes Database. Patients diagnosed with muscle tension dysphonia, vocal fold paralysis, benign vocal fold lesions, laryngospasm/irritable larynx, and presbyphonia were examined. Patient demographics, auditory-perceptual assessments, acoustics, aerodynamics, videostroboscopy ratings, self-reported scales, and medical comorbidities were collected.Results:Patients required an average of 5.32 (SD= 3.43) sessions of voice therapy before voice outcomes were sufficiently improved for discharge. Average number of sessions ranged from 4.3 for presbyphonia to 6.7 for benign vocal fold lesions. Baseline overall Grade Roughness Breathiness Asthenia and Strain rating (p< .001), Dysphonia Severity Index (p< .001), Voice Handicap Index score (p< .01), age (p= .006), and occupational voice user status (p< .001) significantly predicted the number of therapy sessions required. Overall, 14.5% of patients returned for additional voice therapy following an initial discharge from treatment.Conclusions:Findings inform our understanding of how many sessions patients with voice disorders require to achieve desired voice outcomes. Additional research is needed to optimize the efficacy of voice treatment and determine how recurrence of dysphonia might best be prevented.
Wohin sollte sich der Innovationsfonds nach einer Verstetigung
entwickeln?
Authors: Hecken Josef 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungAusgehend von der erklärten Absicht der Regierungsparteien, den
Innovationsfonds zu verstetigen, legt dieser Beitrag dar, welche gesetzlichen
Änderungen an den Förderprozessen und Förderstrukturen
aus Sicht des Vorsitzenden des Innovationsausschusses beim Gemeinsamen
Bundesausschuss notwendig sind. Zudem werden einige der aktuellen gesetzlichen
Vorgaben beleuchtet, die nach ihrer Einführung im Jahr 2020 beibehalten
werden sollten.
Does Time to Initiation of Adjuvant Radiotherapy Affect Reconstruction Outcomes after Endoscopic Resection of Skull Base Malignancies?
Authors: Rubino Franco , Brahimaj Bledi , Hanna Ehab Y. , Su Shirley Y. , Phan Jack , Grosshans David R. , DeMonte Franco , Raza Shaan M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction and Objective It is unclear if the length of the time interval to initiation of adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) after endoscopic endonasal surgery affects reconstruction outcomes. In this study we present our experience with adjuvant RT after endoscopic endonasal procedures, to determine if the time to RT after surgery impacts post-RT reconstruction complication rates.
Methods A retrospective cohort study of 164 patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal surgery between 1998 and 2021 was conducted. Using Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs), we evaluated several variables and the complications that occurred during the 1-year period after starting RT.
Results Seventy-eight (47.5%) and eighty-six patients (52.5%) received RT before and after the sixth postoperative week, respectively. The overall post-RT complication rates were 28%, most of these were severe infections (n = 20, 12.2%) and delayed CSF leak (n = 4, 2.5%). There was no significant difference in the post-RT complications between the patients who received postoperative RT before or after the sixth operative week (HR: 1.13; 95% confidence interval: 0.63–2.02; p = 0.675). Univariate analysis demonstrated negative impact associated with smoking history (p = 0.015), the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.0001), and the use of photon therapy (p = 0.012); and we found a positive impact with the use of multilayer reconstruction techniques (overall, p = 0.041; with fat, p = 0.038; and/or fascia graft, p = 0.035). After a multivariate analysis only, smoking history was an independent risk factor for post-RT complications (p = 0.012).
Conclusion Delaying RT for more than 6 weeks after endoscopic endonasal surgery does not provide a significant benefit for reconstruction outcomes. However, special attention may be warranted in patients with smoking history who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, or in patients who will receive photon-based RT after surgery as these groups were found to have increased complication rates post-RT.
A New One-Pot Synthesis of 3,6-Disubstituted Pyridazines Starting from β-Nitro-β,γ-Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Palmieri Alessandro , Khan Muhammad E. I. , Yuan Lixia , Petrini Marino 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA new one-pot preparation of 3,6-disubstituted pyridazines starting from β-nitro-β,γ-unsaturated ketones and hydrazine monohydrate is presented. The protocol entails two sequential steps, leading to the isolation of the title targets in satisfactory overall yields tolerating a good variety of additional functionalities.
Missing targets: which entities are affected by UN counter-terrorism sanctions?
Authors: Quirós-Fons Antonio , Kruiper Thomas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe United Nations targeted sanctions against terrorist organizations are administrated under the Security Council Consolidated List. Apart from listing terrorist organizations and individuals that are linked to Al-Qaida, ISIL, and the Taliban, the list also includes non-terrorist entities that allegedly support listed organizations. This paper studies 7 businesses and 22 humanitarian organizations that are currently listed, resulting in two insights. First, listing these entities effectively pushes them out of business by rendering them illegal. Even when entities succeed in getting delisted, the damage is already done. Ironically, the impact on non-terrorist entities is bigger than on some terrorist organizations, who carry their listing as a badge of honor to attract recruits. Second, by comparing the UNSC consolidated list to related Interpol’s Special Notices, we find that there are several inconsistencies between the lists, both in terms of the details provided and the updating of unlisted entities.
Light as matter: natural structural colour in art
Authors: Finet Cédric 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStructural coloration is the production of colour by micro- or nano-structures fine enough to interfere with visible light. Structural colouration is responsible for the blues and greens of many animals, as well as for the gold, silver, and some purple-pink colours. These are often saturated and might be extremely shimmering and/or iridescent. The study of structural coloration is an active and interdisciplinary field of research where biology, physics and engineering meet. However, the fascination of humans for stunning structural colours is broader than the framework of science. Here, I provide a series of examples of the use of natural structurally coloured materials in art across the ages and places. I argue that the view from ethnozoology is necessary to gain a comprehensive understanding and appreciation of structural coloration.
Fate of fertiliser nitrogen in a ryegrass–kikuyu dairy pasture system
Authors: Fitzgerald Michael , Harvey Deirdre , Friedl Johannes , Rowlings David , Condon Jason , Dougherty Warwick 
Published: June 2023

Context Dairy pasture production is reliant on fertiliser to supply nitrogen (N); however, fertiliser N-use efficiency (FNUE) is low and N can be lost to the environment. Aims The aim of this study was to track the fate of N fertiliser applied in a pasture system of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum, temperate grass) oversown into kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum, tropical grass). Methods We used 15N-labelled urea to track the residual plant uptake of a one-off application of 15N over three pasture cuts subsequent to the first cut in the kikuyu growing season from February 2018 to April 2018 (Experiment 1), followed by total soil and plant recoveries of 15N over a 12-month period (Experiment 2). Total N treatment rates were 0, 120, 240 and 480 kg N ha−1 year−1, consisting of application events of 40 kg N ha−1. In Experiment 1, 15N was applied only at the first fertilisation, whereas in Experiment 2, 15N-labelled urea was applied at each fertilisation event. Key results In Experiment 1, uptake of residual 15N fertiliser in the pasture biomass was <6%. In Experiment 2, FNUE was 29–32% and unaccounted 15N fertiliser was 22–142 kg N ha−1, across the 120, 240 and 480 kg N ha−1 year−1 treatments. Conclusions Recovery of 15N residual fertiliser did not increase with N rate and was attributed to the mass increase in soil 15N recovery. FNUE in the pasture did not decrease with N rate. Unaccounted 15N increased with N rate. Implications Existing and alternative N and pasture management strategies such as clover and multi-species pasture need to be implemented and explored to reduce the amount of unaccounted N in dairy pasture production.
Attitudes and behaviours of family physicians towards clinical practice around intimate partner violence: a view from the Çankaya district of Ankara, Turkey
Authors: Sarıca Çevik Hüsna , Tekiner Selda , Ceyhun Peker Ayşe Gülsen , Ungan Mehmet 
Published: June 2023

Background Although family physicians (FPs) often encounter patients who have been subjected to intimate partner violence (IPV), the data on FPs’ response to IPV is limited. This study aimed to determine FPs’ attitudes towards IPV survivors in the Çankaya district of Ankara, Turkey. Methods An online questionnaire designed to elicit sociodemographic information and FPs’ attitudes towards IPV was distributed between 20 August 2021 and 20 October 2021. Results Eighty-nine FPs participated in the study. Of the participants, 71.9% had a patient diagnosed with IPV during their practice. Of these physicians, 100% diagnosed physical, 56.3% sexual, 71.9% psychological, 53.1% economic, and 10.9% cyber violence. Among these physicians, sexual, psychological, and economic violence were determined at higher rates by family medicine specialists (FMSs) compared to general practitioners (GPs), by FPs who had received IPV training compared to those who were untrained, and by female physicians compared to males (P < 0.05). Despite diagnosing IPV, some physicians did not intervene/guide their patients, and some only consoled their patients because they thought the situation was inevitable. The reasons for not taking official action included insufficient time, feeling uncomfortable talking about violence, lack of information about the detection and reporting, and the thought that the woman would not leave her abusive partner. Conclusions The results showed that among the physicians who encountered IPV, female sex, family medicine speciality training, and IPV training resulted in acting more consciously in diagnosing violence, implementing referral and notification systems, and approaching IPV survivors. The prevention of IPV could be made possible by supporting FPs with ongoing training, breaking down stereotypes and prejudices about gender roles, and changing the structures that maintain unequal power relationships.
General practitioner assessment of lifestyle risk factors for chronic disease: a cross-sectional study in urban, rural and remote South Australia
Authors: Liddell Antoinette , Brown Lucy , Williams Susan , Gonzalez-Chica David 
Published: June 2023

Background The assessment and management of the SNAP lifestyle risk factors (smoking, nutrition, alcohol intake and physical activity) is fundamental to primary prevention of chronic disease. This study investigates the prevalence of SNAP assessments conducted in South Australian general practice, according to patient risk profiles, and across urban, rural and remote locations. Methods A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted in South Australia in 2017. Survey data included information on health characteristics, lifestyle risks and general practitioner (GP) assessments for 2775 participants, aged ≥18 years, who visited a GP in the past 12 months. The main outcome measure was assessment for two or more (≥2) SNAP risks in this time. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the prevalence of ≥2 SNAP assessments by remoteness area, using the Modified Monash Model (MMM) classifications for urban (MMM), rural (MMM3-4) and remote (MMM5-6), and adjusting for sociodemographic, SNAP lifestyle risks and clinical variables. Results Of the 2775 participants (mean age 49.1 ± 18.7 years; 52.7% women), 32% were assessed for ≥2 SNAP in the past 12 months. The adjusted prevalence of assessments was higher in rural (43.8%; 95% CI 36.4–51.2%) than urban (29.7%; 95% CI 27.2–32.2%) or remote (34.7%; 95% CI 28.4–41.0%) areas. Depending on rurality, ≥2 SNAP assessments were 2.5–3.4 times more likely among participants with existing cardiovascular disease, and two to seven times more likely among participants with three or four SNAP risk factors (P < 0.05 in all cases). Conclusion Greater attention to GP SNAP assessments is warranted to match the prevalence of SNAP risks across South Australia.
Person marking in Longxi Qiang
Authors: Zheng Wuxi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In Longxi Qiang, a Tibeto-Burman language, the verb agreement system is not marking a syntactic function or semantic role. Previous studies of the Qiang language have argued that person markings reflect the person and number of the agent. My analysis based on a large amount of natural data, however, reveals several different uses of person marking. First, person marking does not always agree with the agent. It can also be used to mark non-agent, such as the possessor, recipient, beneficiary, or patient. Second, the person markings in imperatives differ from those in non-imperatives. Finally, person marking may be omitted in certain contexts.
Numerical and experimental investigation of thermal regimes of thermionic cathodes of arc plasma torches
Authors: Cunha M D , Sargsyan M A , Kh Gadzhiev M , Tereshonok D V , Benilov M S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The modelling method based on decoupling the simulation of the cathodic part of the arc (the cathode and the near-cathode non-equilibrium plasma layer) from the simulation of the arc on the whole has been extended to cathodes of arc plasma torches, consisting of an insert with a conical tip, made of pure or doped tungsten, and a surrounding water-cooled copper holder. The method was validated by comparison with the experiment, performed on a 200 A DC arc in atmospheric-pressure argon. Standard work function of polycrystalline tungsten of 4.54 eV was used for modelling of pure-tungsten insert and a good agreement with the experiment was found with respect to both the insert tip shape and the temperature distribution in the tip, recorded in the stable operation mode. There are no unambiguous data on the work function for arc cathodes made of doped tungsten, although in situ measurements of the effective work function of cathodes of high-pressure arc discharges provide useful hints. On the other hand, the experiments reported in this work show that the tip temperatures of inserts made of tungsten doped with

1.5
%

of thorium, or lanthanum, or yttrium, recorded during the stable-mode operation at the arc current of 200 A, vary in a rather narrow range 3100–3200 K. This suggests that the work functions of doped tungsten inserts, operated in the stable mode, are close to each other as well. Indeed, the results of modelling with the same value of the work function of 3 eV give a reasonably good agreement with the experiment in all three cases.
Research on driving force and dynamic characteristics of pantograph–catenary arc
Authors: Qian Pengyu , Gao Guoqiang , Dong Keliang , Wang Qingsong , Peng Wei , Ma Yaguang , Zhou Chufan , Chen Shijie , Yang Zefeng , Xiao Song , Wu Guangning 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Pantograph–catenary (PC) system is the key current collection equipment for electrified rail vehicles. The PC arc ages the contact line and pantograph abnormally, which is a limiting factor for rail transit to increase the speed of operation. To reduce the harm caused by the PC arc, in this article, a new PC arc chain model was established, which considered the arc current element mass and the acceleration process, updating the control equations. Meanwhile, a PC arc experimental platform was built in order to verify this model. It is demonstrated that the simulation results obtained by this work fit the arc and are suitable to describe the arc in the field. Experiments have found that the evolution of PC arc can be divided into three distinct processes: arc initial process, rapid stretching process and violent oscillation process. Combined with the model, the driving force and dynamic characteristics of the PC arc root and column in each process have been studied. The electromagnetic force dominates the arc evolution in the first two processes, and then the wind load dominates the last process. Besides, thermal buoyancy dominates the arc root jumping behavior. The driving mechanism for the movement of arc has been revealed. The arc root first suppresses the arc column, and then the arc column pulls the arc root. It is helpful for controlling PC arcs in the field.
A dielectric metasurface for controllable generation of tightly focused vector beams
Authors: Wang Jun , Jiang Qiao , Han Dezhuan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Tightly focused vector beams (TFVBs) play an important role in optical microscopy, laser processing and optical micromanipulation due to their unique polarization and intensity distribution. Conventional implementation of TFVBs requires a series of bulky optical elements, increasing the complexity and possibility of optical loss. Here, we present a method for directly generating TFVBs under illumination of linearly polarized lights based on a single dielectric metasurface. The metasurface is designed using geometric phase of anisotropic dielectric meta-atoms with identical shape but varying rotation angles. Under illumination of horizontally and vertically polarized lights, it is demonstrated that TFVBs with pure longitudinal and transverse fields can be generated respectively. In addition, more different TFVBs can be generated by simply altering the polarization of incident light. Furthermore, the metasurface is demonstrated to work well within a broad band ranging from 530 to 730 nm. The proposed strategy provides a minimalist design of a metasurface for controllably generating TFVBs, which offers promising opportunities to generate more complex vector beams for advanced applications in particle trapping and data storage.
ULS4US: universal lesion segmentation framework for 2D ultrasound images
Authors: Wu Xinglong , Jiang Yan , Xing Hanshuo , Song Wenbo , Wu Peiyan , Cui Xin-wu , Xu Guoping 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective. Deep learning (DL) methods have been widely utilized in ultrasound (US) image segmentation tasks. However, current DL segmentation methods for US images are typically developed only for lesion segmentation of specific organs; e.g. breast or thyroid US. So far, there is currently no general-purpose lesion segmentation framework for US images that can be implemented across various organs in computer aided diagnosis scenarios. Considering that most lesion locations in US images have abnormal ultrasonic echo intensities or patterns that may be visually distinct from surrounding normal tissues or organs, it is thus possible to develop a universal lesion segmentation framework for US images (named as ULS4US), focusing on effectively identifying and segmenting lesions of various sizes in different organs. Approach. The proposed ULS4US framework comprises three components: (1) a multiple-in multi-out (MIMO) UNet that incorporates multiscale features extracted from the US image and lesion, (2) a novel two-stage lesion-aware learning algorithm that recursively locates and segments the lesions in a reinforced manner, and (3) a lesion-adaptive loss function for the MIMO-UNet that integrates two weighted components and one self-supervised component designed for intra- and inter-branches of network outputs, respectively. Main Results. Compared to six state-of-the-art segmentation models, ULS4US has achieved superior performance (accuracy of 0.956, DSC of 0.836, HD of 7.849, and mIoU of 0.731) in a unified dataset consisting of two public and three private US image datasets, which include over 2200 images of three specific types of organs. Comparative experiments on both individual and unified datasets suggest that ULS4US is likely scalable with additional data. Significance. The study demonstrates the potential of DL-based universal lesion segmentation approaches in clinical US, which would substantially reduce clinician workload and enhance diagnostic accuracy.
Exploring ab initio machine synthesis of quantum circuits
Authors: Meister Richard , Gustiani Cica , Benjamin Simon C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Gate-level quantum circuits are often derived manually from higher level algorithms. While this suffices for small implementations and demonstrations, ultimately automatic circuit design will be required to realise complex algorithms using hardware-specific operations and connectivity. Therefore, ab initio creation of circuits within a machine, either a classical computer or a hybrid quantum–classical device, is of key importance. We explore a range of established and novel techniques for the synthesis of new circuit structures, the optimisation of parameterised circuits, and the efficient removal of low-value gates via the quantum geometric tensor. Using these techniques we tackle the tasks of automatic encoding of unitary processes and translation (recompilation) of a circuit from one form to another. Using emulated quantum computers with various noise-free gate sets we provide simple examples involving up to 10 qubits, corresponding to 20 qubits in the augmented space we use. Further applications of specific relevance to chemistry modelling are considered in a sister paper, ‘Exploiting subspace constraints and ab initio variational methods for quantum chemistry’. The emulation environments used were QuEST, QuESTlink and pyQuEST. All resources will be made openly accessible and are currently available upon request.
Multiwave interaction solutions of the partial reverse Space-time nonlocal Mel’nikov equation
Authors: Yang Yan , Liu Yinping 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce appropriate rational and logarithmic transformations to transfer the partial reverse space-time nonlocal Mel’nikov equation in (2+1)-dimensions into its bilinear form. Then we extend the N-soliton decomposition algorithm and the inheritance solving strategy proposed by us to construct the higher order interaction solutions among solitons, periodic waves and rational waves for such type equation.