bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional species gains outpace losses across North American continental shelf regions
Authors: Kitchel Zoë J. , Pinsky Malin L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimAlthough species richness globally is likely to be declining, patterns in diversity at the regional scale depend on species gains within new habitats and species losses from previously inhabited areas. Our understanding of the processes associated with gains or losses remains poor, including whether these events exhibit immediate or delayed responses to environmental change.LocationThe study focuses on nine temperate marine ecosystems in North America.Time periodThe study period varies by region, but overall encompasses observations from 1970 to 2014.Major taxa studiedWe identified regional gains and losses for 577 marine fish and invertebrate species.MethodsFrom a total of 166,213 sampling events from bottom trawls across North America that informed 17,997 independent observations of species gains and losses, we built generalized linear mixed effects models to test whether lagged temperature can explain instances of gains and losses of marine fishes and invertebrates in North American continental shelf habitats.ResultsWe found that gains were less likely in years with high seasonality, consistent with seasonal extremes as a strong constraint on species occurrence. Losses were also negatively associated with high seasonality, but the response was delayed by 3 years.Main conclusionsEnvironmental conditions play a role in species occupancy across diverse temperate marine ecosystems. Immediate gains paired with delayed losses can drive transient increases in species richness during times of environmental change. Identifying the dynamics behind regional species gains and losses is an important step towards prediction of biodiversity changes across ecosystems.
DNA content abnormality frequently develops in the right/proximal colon in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease and is highly predictive of subsequent detection of dysplasia
Authors: Zhang Ruth , Rabinovitch Peter S. , Mattis Aras N. , Lauwers Gregory Y. , Choi Won‐Tak 
Published: April 2023

AimsPatients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, termed PSC‐IBD) have a higher risk of harbouring nonconventional and/or invisible dysplasias, especially in the right/proximal colon, than those with IBD alone. We postulated that DNA content abnormality may be frequently detected in the right/proximal colon in PSC‐IBD patients, even in the absence of dysplasia, and that this may predispose to progression to nonconventional and/or invisible dysplasias that are often associated with increased rates of aneuploidy and advanced neoplasia.Methods and resultsDNA flow cytometry was performed on 96 morphologically benign colon biopsies taken throughout the colon from 25 PSC‐IBD patients during the surveillance colonoscopy that preceded the next procedure that detected dysplasia. Thirty (31%) of the 96 benign colon biopsies in this dysplasia group demonstrated abnormal DNA content, with a propensity for the right/proximal colon (70%) (P < 0.001). In contrast, only one (1%) of 87 benign colon biopsies from 20 IBD patients without neoplasia (control group) demonstrated DNA content abnormality, and it was from the left colon. For analysis per patient, 48% (12 of 25) of the patients in the dysplasia group had abnormal DNA content compared with 5% (1 of 20) of the control group (P = 0.002). Of the 12 PSC‐IBD patients with DNA content abnormality, invisible dysplasia was detected in 10 (83%) patients on follow‐up, nine (75%) of whom had nonconventional dysplasia.ConclusionPSC‐IBD patients have an increased risk of developing abnormal DNA content in the right/proximal colon, predating the detection of dysplasia.
The effect of pomegranate peel extracts coated with Spirulina microalgae supplementation on physicochemical, microbiological and sensorial properties of yoghurts during storage
Authors: Yağmur Nuray , Şahin Saliha , Akyıldız Gönül 
Published: April 2023

SummaryPomegranate peel is a by‐product rich in phytochemicals with proven therapeutic effects. On the other side, Spirulina microalgae contains high protein, vitamins, minerals and various carotenoids in its structure. This is a study in which extracts of hydroalcoholic/aqueous pomegranate peel and Spirulina are combined in yoghurt medium. Six different yoghurts were produced in which microencapsules containing these two products of natural origin, extracts and microalgae itself were added. During storage at +4°C for 21 days, its physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties were regularly monitored. Microalgae content and controlled release of phenolic compounds have been an excellent nutrient medium for yoghurt bacteria. According to the control yoghurt (YC), the number of viable bacteria was higher in all yoghurts. Microalgae increased the nutritional value of yoghurts, especially protein. While the protein level was 4.82% in control yoghurt, it increased to 5.48% in YM‐coded yoghurt. YPH and YC‐coded yoghurts have the highest general acceptability with 4.21 points, while YM‐coded yoghurt is in the last place with 2.79 points. It is thought that these green‐coloured and aromatic‐smelling yoghurts will attract attention when presented to the consumer's taste.
The impact of apple destructuring and thermal treatment on bioactive compounds: the fate of dietary fibre and polyphenols in puree and homogenate
Authors: Alongi Marilisa , Manzocco Lara , Comuzzi Clara , Gorassini Andrea , Verardo Giancarlo , Rossi Anna , Anese Monica , Nicoli Maria Cristina 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThe present study aimed at understanding the response of dietary fibres and phenolic compounds to apple matrix disintegration and thermal treatment. Apple was processed by mimicking industrial operations of blanching, destructuring by high‐speed homogenisation (HSH) or high‐pressure homogenisation (HPH), and pasteurisation. A viscous puree (0.73 Pa × s), made of juice embedding intact cells and large cell clusters, was obtained by HSH. Conversely, HPH completely disrupted apple tissue leading to a fluid homogenate (0.27 Pa × s) in which the fibrous matrix was suspended. Despite these differences, apple puree and homogenate presented similar content of total and soluble dietary fibre, with no significant differences in the chemical structure of apple pectin, as demonstrated by FT‐IR and NMR analyses. Apple puree and homogenate retained more than 80% of the phenolic content originally present in apple pulp (about 2125 mg/gdw) without detriment to radical scavenging activity. This minor phenolic depletion, regardless of the different extent of mechanical disintegration, was mainly due to the decrease of thermolabile flavanols upon application of analogous heat treatments.
Healthy lifestyles are associated with a better response to periodontal therapy: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Marruganti Crystal , Romandini Mario , Gaeta Carlo , Cagidiaco Edoardo Ferrari , Discepoli Nicola , Parrini Stefano , Graziani Filippo , Grandini Simone 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the association between lifestyle behaviours and clinical periodontal outcomes following Steps 1/2 of periodontal therapy.MethodsA total of 120 subjects with untreated Stage II/III periodontitis participated in this study. At baseline, questionnaires were administered to assess the following lifestyle behaviours: adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD), physical activity (PA) and stress levels, sleep quality, smoking and alcohol use. Participants received Steps 1/2 of periodontal therapy and were re‐evaluated after 3 months. A composite outcome of the endpoint of therapy (i.e., no sites with probing pocket depth [PPD] ≥4 mm with bleeding on probing, and no sites with PPD ≥ 6 mm) was regarded as the primary outcome. Simple and multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between lifestyle behaviours and clinical periodontal outcomes. Disease severity at baseline, body mass index, diabetes, household disposable income and plaque control were considered as confounders.ResultsMultiple regression analyses showed significantly lower odds of achieving the endpoint of therapy in subjects with poor sleep quality (odds ratio [OR] = 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03–0.47; p < .01), smoking (OR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.06–0.52; p < .05) and alcohol use above the suggested intake (OR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.07–0.63; p < .01). Subjects with a combination of ‘unhealthy lifestyles’ (low adherence to MD and low PA levels and high levels of stress and poor sleep quality) showed higher proportions of residual PPD≥6 mm (MD = 1.51; 95% CI: 0.23–2.80; p < .05) and lower odds of achieving the endpoint of therapy (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.33–0.99; p < .05) at re‐evaluation.ConclusionsSubjects with unhealthy lifestyle behaviours showed worse clinical outcomes 3 months after Steps 1/2 of periodontal therapy.
Lysophosphatidylcholine facilitates the pathogenesis of psoriasis through activating keratinocytes and T cells differentiation via glycolysis
Authors: Liu Panpan , Zhou Youyou , Chen Chao , Yan Bei , Li Lei , Zhu Wu , Li Jie , Chen Mingliang , Su Juan , Kuang Yehong , Chen Xiang , Peng Cong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough abnormal metabolism plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, the details are unclear.ObjectivesHere, we identified to explore the role and mechanism of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) on the pathogenesis of psoriasis.MethodsThe level of LPC in plasma and skin lesions and the expression of G2A on skin lesions of psoriasis patients were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, or immunohistochemistry, respectively. The glycolysis in the skin lesions of imiquimod (IMQ)‐induced psoriasis‐like mouse model was detected by extracellular acidification rate. LPC was subcutaneously injected into IMQ‐treated mouse ears, and the phenotype as well as the glycolysis were evaluated. Exploring the effects and mechanism of LPC on keratinocytes and CD4+ T cells by culturing primary keratinocytes and CD4+ T in vitro.ResultsWe found that LPC was significantly increased both in the plasma and skin lesions of psoriatic patients, while G2A, exerting an essential role in LPC‐inducing biological functions, was increased in psoriatic lesions. The abundance of LPC was positively correlated with glycolytic activity in the psoriasis‐like mouse model. LPC treatment facilitated psoriasis‐like inflammation and glycolytic activity in skin lesions. Mechanistically, the LPC/G2A axis significantly triggered glycolytic activity and produced inflammatory factors in keratinocytes, and blockade of glycolysis abrogated LPC‐induced expression of inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes. LPC activated STAT1, resulting in recognition and binding to the promoters of GCK and PKLR, which are glycolytic rate‐limiting enzymes. Furthermore, the LPC/G2A axis directly benefited Th1 differentiation, which was dependent on LPC‐induced glycolytic activity. Notably, LPC indirectly facilitated Th17 differentiation by inducing the secretion of IL‐1β in keratinocytes‐T cells coculture system.ConclusionsTaken together, our findings revealed the role of the LPC/G2A axis in the pathogenesis of psoriasis; targeting LPC/G2A is a potential strategy for psoriasis therapy.
Adalimumab combined with methotrexate versus adalimumab monotherapy in psoriasis: Three‐year follow‐up data of a single‐blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: van Huizen Astrid M. , van der Kraaij Gayle E. , Busard Celine I. , Ouwerkerk Wouter , van den Reek Juul M. P. A. , Menting Stef P. , Prens Errol P. , Rispens Theo , de Vries Annick , de Jong Elke M. G. J. , Lambert Jo , van Doorn Martijn B. A. , Spuls Phyllis I. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐drug antibodies (ADA) are formed in patients treated with adalimumab (ADL). This might increase clearance of ADL, potentially causing a (secondary) non‐response. Combination therapy of ADL and methotrexate (MTX) reduces ADA levels and has a clinical benefit in rheumatologic diseases. In psoriasis however, the long‐term effectiveness and safety have not been studied.ObjectivesTo investigate the three‐year follow‐up data of ADL combined with MTX compared to ADL monotherapy in ADL‐naive patients with moderate to severe plaque type psoriasis.MethodsWe conducted a multicentre RCT in the Netherlands and Belgium. Randomization was performed by a centralized online randomization service. Patients were seen every 12 weeks until week 145. Outcome assessors were blinded. We collected data on drug survival, effectiveness, safety, pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity of patients that started ADL combined with MTX compared to ADL monotherapy. We present descriptive analysis and patients were analysed according to the group initially randomized to. Patients becoming non‐adherent to the biologic were excluded from analyses.ResultsSixty‐one patients were included and 37 patients (ADL group n = 17, ADL + MTX group n = 20) continued in the follow‐up study after 1 year. After 109 weeks and 145 weeks, there was a trend towards longer drug survival in the ADL + MTX group compared to the ADL group (week 109: 54.8% vs. 41.4%; p = 0.326, week 145: 51.6% vs. 41.4%; p = 0.464). At week 145, 7/13 patients were treated with MTX. In the ADL group, 4/12 patients that completed the study developed ADA, and 3/13 in the ADL + MTX group.ConclusionsIn this small study, there was no significant difference in ADL overall drug survival when it was initially combined with MTX, compared to ADL alone. Discontinuation due to adverse events was common in the combination group. To secure accessible healthcare, combination treatment of ADL and MTX can be considered in individual patients.
Infrared and hot drying of saffron petal (Crocus sativus L.): Effect on drying, energy, color, and rehydration
Authors: Sharifian Faroogh , Gharkhloo Zahra Rostami , Yamchi Abolfazl Akhoundzadeh , Kaveh Mohammad 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, the effect of infrared (IR) and hot air dryers on the drying properties of saffron petals was investigated. Drying of saffron petals was done under three level temperature 40, 50, and 60°C and distance from IR lamps 10, 14, and 20 cm and the main physical and thermal properties were measured. The highest value effective moisture diffusion (Deff) was evaluated for IR‐dried samples at 60°C and 10 cm with 5.57 × 10−7 m2/s. The lowest value of color changes is related to the sample dried at 40°C at a distance of 20 cm with a color change of 11.99 in the IR dryer. Increasing the drying temperature reduced the drying time and energy consumption and increased the drying rate and Deff. Also, the results showed that Midilli model was selected as the best model for drying saffron petals with an IR and hot air dryer.Practical ApplicationsDue to the importance and sensitivity of saffron petals to the application of heat in the drying process, it is necessary to dry this product like other medicinal plants scientifically. Theoretical research, with the help of mathematical modeling and numerical simulation, provides a powerful and fast tool for analyzing the process of mass and heat transfer under natural drying conditions. Careful study of the drying kinetics of the product, evaluation of parameters affecting the physical quality properties, and the concomitant and reciprocal effects of these parameters is necessary. It can be used in the drying industry of medicinal plants.
Factors affecting the recruitment of Hispanic/Latinx American older adults in clinical trials in the United States: A scoping review
Authors: Rodriguez Dulce K. , Hewage Sumali A. , Periyakoil Vyjeyanthi S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveParticipation of Hispanic/Latinx American older adults (HLAOA) in clinical trials is fundamental to health equity in aging research. However, information on strategies for the successful recruitment of this population in clinical trials is limited.DesignThis scoping review aims to identify hindering and facilitating factors that impact the recruitment of HLAOA in clinical trials in the United States.MethodsTwo databases (PubMed, EMBASE) were searched for original research articles from inception until March 2022 reporting on factors that engaged HLAoa (≥65) in clinical trials. One thousand and thirteen studies were scrutinized to identify 31 eligible articles.ResultsMost articles were from cancer clinical trials (14 studies). Hindering factors that impacted the recruitment of HLAoa in clinical trials were related to (i) study design and logistics challenges, (ii) challenges imposed by social determinants of health, (iii) communication barriers, and (iv) patients' mistrust, and (v) family issues. Facilitating factors include (i) effective modes of outreach, (ii) strategic clinical trial design, (iii) incorporating culturally‐respectful approaches that are tailored to the participants' sociocultural background, and (iv) bridging language barriers.ConclusionsSuccessful recruitment of HLAOA into clinical trials requires identifying the study question, co‐designing the trial design, implementation, and evaluation in respectful collaboration with the Hispanic/Latinx community with careful attention to their needs and minimizing the study burden on this vulnerable population. Factors identified here may guide researchers to better understand the needs of HLAOA and successfully recruit them into clinical trials, leading to more equitable research that increases their representation in clinical research.
The trade‐offs of co‐ruminating with friends: A profile analysis
Authors: Tilton‐Weaver Lauree , Rose Amanda 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAdolescents' co‐ruminating with friends has been tied to trade‐offs: having higher quality friendships but experiencing more depressive symptoms. To determine if individual youth experience these trade‐offs, we applied a person‐centered approach to Swedish adolescents' self‐reports of co‐rumination with friends, depressive symptoms, and friend support (n = 2767, aged 12–16, 52% girls; 88% Swedish). We found four latent profiles: Two high in co‐rumination and two low. One high co‐rumination profile exhibited the proposed trade‐offs; the other reported high friendship support and fewer depressive symptoms. Comparisons indicated that the trade‐offs profile were primarily girls and exhibited comparatively more difficulties with stress regulation, conceptions of their parents and themselves, and relations with peers. Focusing on the complexity of co‐rumination could reveal further nuances.
Dietary intake and quality for young adolescents in sub‐Saharan Africa: Status and influencing factors
Authors: Madzorera Isabel , Bromage Sabri , Mwanyika‐Sando Mary , Vandormael Alain , Sherfi Huda , Worku Amare , Shinde Sachin , Noor Ramadhani Abdallah , Baernighausen Till , Sharma Deepika , Fawzi Wafaie W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAdolescents face the risk of the triple burden of malnutrition—the co‐existence of micronutrient deficiencies, underweight and overweight and obesity and related noncommunicable diseases. Poor‐quality diets are a modifiable risk factor for all forms of malnutrition in adolescents. However, there is limited knowledge about diet quality for African adolescents. We analyzed data from 4609 school‐going adolescents aged 10–15 years in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Sudan and Tanzania. Dietary intake was assessed using food frequency questionnaires, and diet quality computed using the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS). Generalized estimating equations linear regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with adolescent diet quality. Mean adolescent age was 12.4 (±1.4) years and 54% of adolescents were female. Adolescents reported physical activity on 1.5 (±1.7) days/week. The mean GDQS (±SD) was 20.6 (±4.0) (maximum 40). Adolescent consumption of vegetables, fruit, nuts and seeds, eggs, fish and poultry was low, and refined grain consumption was relatively high. Boys consumed unhealthy foods less frequently but consumed fewer cruciferous vegetables and deep orange tubers. Older adolescents had higher fish and lower red meat consumption. Having an unemployed mother versus farmer (estimate −2.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −4.81, −0.39), and having 3–4 days of physical activity per week versus none (estimate 0.64, 95% CI: 0.11, 1.17) were associated with GDQS. We found evidence of poor‐quality adolescent diets and gender and age differences in the consumption of healthy diets. Programs to address poor‐quality diets should consider tailoring interventions for adolescent girls and boys of different ages and also consider the role of physical activity in these contexts.
Portfolio management: A new direction in public sector strategic management research and practice
Authors: Roberts Patrick , Hamilton Edwards Lauren 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPortfolio management is widely used by large government agencies and nonprofits, but it is rarely discussed in public administration scholarship. Portfolio management tools can illuminate groups of projects that should be considered as priority investments by highlighting the relationship of risk to outcomes. This article explores historical and theoretical reasons for the neglect of portfolio management, and then proposes using portfolio management to update a classic strategic management framework to guide organizational choices in public administration. Though portfolio management ideas originated in the private sector, public sector portfolio management differs from its private sector counterpart by trading off risk with public value or mission outcomes rather than financial outcomes. Portfolio management is a tool to incorporate risk to mission in investment decisions. It holds promise for adding an intermediate‐level implementation tool to develop theories of public value. The paper concludes with hypotheses for future investigation.
The comparative achievement explanation of artistic value
Authors: Dunkle Ian D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere is broad agreement in aesthetics that some artworks are greater than others despite bearing equivalent (or lesser) aesthetic value. One explanation of this difference in artistic value is that creation of the greater artwork represents a greater achievement. The aim of this article is to refine this explanation and to defend it against recent criticisms. First, I present a prima facie case in favor of the achievement explanation. Second, I draw on the history of photography to motivate three objections to it: namely, that it wrongly excludes (1) lucky, (2) easy, and (3) failed creations from being artistically great. Third, I present my refined version of the achievement explanation and show how it avoids these objections. On my view, an artistic achievement consists in creating a work it would have been especially hard for comparable artists to create. Finally, I raise and address several additional objections. In responding these objections, I argue, among other things, that my explanation of artistic value enhances our understanding of good‐bad art: specifically, it allows us to see how good‐bad art is artistically great despite being aesthetically flawed.