bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Am I a good enough therapist?’: Self‐doubt among speech and language therapists
Authors: Gold Rinat , Gold Azgad 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe therapeutic process is fraught with various feelings. This research focused on a specific type of negative feeling, namely self‐doubt (SD).AimTo explore and characterize the nature of SD among speech and language therapists (SLTs) (the frequency of SD, situations that trigger SD, emotions and thoughts related to SD, and coping strategies) in various stages of occupational experience.Methods & ProceduresA total of 267 SLTs answered an online survey. Respondents represented SLTs in all stages of vocational experience, with varying academic degrees, from a variety of employment settings. The survey addressed situations that trigger SD, thoughts, and emotions associated with SD and the background information of the respondents. Frequency distributions of the responses of the participants were determined, and independent‐samples Kruskal–Wallis tests were conducted to examine if there were differences between groups that differed in their occupational experience on the frequency of SD, attitudes towards SD and emotions related to SD.Outcomes & ResultsDifferences were found between SLTs in various stages of professional development in several aspects of SD. Novice SLTs reported significantly higher levels of SD compared with experienced SLTs. In the face of SD, novice SLTs consider career abandonment significantly more than do experienced SLTs. They perceive themselves as a failure when experiencing SD to a significantly greater extent than do more experienced SLTs. In addition, SD is associated with various negative emotions.Conclusions & ImplicationsSelf‐doubt is a natural professional feeling. It may be harmful especially in the early stages of professional development. Our findings call for support and guidance in the face of SD.WHAT THIS PAPER ADDSWhat is already known on the subject
Healthcare professionals report feeling SD. This feeling may have deleterious effects on well‐being and career satisfaction and is especially harmful in young therapists.What this paper adds to existing knowledge
This study characterizes the nature of SD among SLTs in various stages of occupational experience. Our findings indicate that SD is reported among SLTs at all career stages, especially in novice SLTs. Self‐doubt is associated with a range of negative thoughts and emotions, and it may be triggered by various situations. Nonetheless, it is a topic that our respondents rarely learn about.What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?
Normalising and validating SD is important to SLTs’ resilience and may facilitate coping. This may be achieved by learning about the subject of SD in graduate programmes. In addition, mentors should create a safe learning culture to allow sharing SD and challenging situations, especially in the first years of occupational experience.
A Double machine learning trend model for citizen science data
Authors: Fink Daniel , Johnston Alison , Strimas‐Mackey Matt , Auer Tom , Hochachka Wesley M. , Ligocki Shawn , Oldham Jaromczyk Lauren , Robinson Orin , Wood Chris , Kelling Steve , Rodewald Amanda D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Citizen and community science datasets are typically collected using flexible protocols. These protocols enable large volumes of data to be collected globally every year; however, the consequence is that these protocols typically lack the structure necessary to maintain consistent sampling across years. This can result in complex and pronounced interannual changes in the observation process, which can complicate the estimation of population trends because population changes over time are confounded with changes in the observation process.

Here we describe a novel modelling approach designed to estimate spatially explicit species population trends while controlling for the interannual confounding common in citizen science data. The approach is based on Double machine learning, a statistical framework that uses machine learning (ML) methods to estimate population change and the propensity scores used to adjust for confounding discovered in the data. ML makes it possible to use large sets of features to control for confounding and to model spatial heterogeneity in trends. Additionally, we present a simulation method to identify and adjust for residual confounding missed by the propensity scores.

To illustrate the approach, we estimated species trends using data from the citizen science project eBird. We used a simulation study to assess the ability of the method to estimate spatially varying trends when faced with realistic confounding and temporal correlation. Results demonstrated the ability to distinguish between spatially constant and spatially varying trends. There were low error rates on the estimated direction of population change (increasing/decreasing) at each location and high correlations on the estimated magnitude of population change.

The ability to estimate spatially explicit trends while accounting for confounding inherent in citizen science data has the potential to fill important information gaps, helping to estimate population trends for species and/or regions lacking rigorous monitoring data.
Employer ratings in social media and firm performance: Evidence from an explainable machine learning approach
Authors: Ylinen Mika , Ranta Mikko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study examines the ability of crowdsourced employee opinions about their workplace to reveal value‐relevant information about corporate culture. We investigate the employee‐friendly (EF) corporate culture values that are strongly associated with firm value and operating performance using a unique social media dataset of approximately 250,000 crowdsourced employee reviews to evaluate 18 distinct characteristics of a firm's corporate culture. The explainable machine learning model is used to examine the nonlinear associations and relative importance of employee‐friendly cultural values. We find that several employee‐friendly corporate culture features are associated with firms' value (Tobin's Q) and operating performance (ROA). Our findings reveal two features whose association is clearly superior to other EF culture variables in our explainable machine learning model: pride in the company for Tobin's Q and job security for ROA. Based on the SHAP values, their effects are positive, significant, and relatively linear.
Defibrillation strategies for refractory ventricular fibrillation out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Abuelazm Mohamed T. , Ghanem Ahmed , Katamesh Basant E. , Hassan Abdul Rhman , Abdalshafy Hassan , Seri Amith Reddy , Awad Ahmed K. , Abdelnabi Mohamed , Abdelazeem Basel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveDouble sequential external defibrillation (DSED) and vector‐change defibrillation (VCD) have been suggested to enhance clinical outcomes for patients with ventricular fibrillation (VF) refractory of standard defibrillation (SD). Therefore, this network meta‐analysis aims to evaluate the comparative efficacy of DSED, VCD, and SD for refractory VF.MethodsA systematic review and network meta‐analysis synthesizing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and comparative observational studies retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, WOS, SCOPUS, and Cochrane through November 15th, 2022. R software netmeta and netrank package (R version 4.2.0) and meta‐insight software were used to pool dichotomous outcomes using odds ratio (OR) presented with the corresponding confidence interval (CI). Our protocol was prospectively published in PROSPERO with ID: CRD42022378533.ResultsWe included seven studies with a total of 1632 participants. DSED was similar to SD in survival to hospital discharge (OR: 1.14 with 95% CI [0.55, 2.83]), favorable neurological outcome (modified Rankin scale ≤2 or cerebral performance category ≤2) (OR: 1.35 with 95% CI [0.46, 3.99]), and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) (OR: 0.81 with 95% CI [0.43; 1.5]). In addition, VCD was similar to SD in survival to hospital discharge (OR: 1.12 with 95% CI [0.27, 4.57]), favorable neurological outcome (OR: 1.01 with 95% CI [0.18, 5.75]), and ROSC (OR: 0.88 with 95% CI [0.24; 3.15]).ConclusionDouble sequential external defibrillation and VCD were not associated with enhanced outcomes in patients with refractory VF out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest, compared to SD. However, the current evidence is still inconclusive, warranting further large‐scale RCTs.
Donor, patient age and exposure to antibiotics are associated with the outcome of faecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Baunwall Simon M. D. , Hansen Mette M. , Andreasen Sara E. , Eriksen Marcel K. , Rågård Nina , Kelsen Jens , Grosen Anne K. , Mikkelsen Susan , Erikstrup Christian , Dahlerup Jens F. , Hvas Christian L. 
Published: July 2023

SummaryBackgroundFaecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is effective for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI), but its effect varies inexplicably.AimsTo optimise the effectiveness of FMT for rCDI and validate determinants for effectMethodsWe conducted a cohort study, including all patients treated with FMT for rCDI between October 2018 and June 2020. Statistical process control was used to evaluate the impact of prospective quality improvement on the effect of single FMT treatments per 10–11 patients. Targeting an 80% effect, optimisations included changes to processing procedures, preparation and clinical application of FMT. The primary outcome was the resolution of Clostridioides difficile‐associated diarrhoea at week 8. If CDI recurred, FMT was repeated. All patients were followed for 8 weeks after their latest FMT.Results183 patients with rCDI received 290 FMT treatments. A single FMT achieved resolution at week 8 in 127 (69%, 95% CI: 62%–76%), while repeated FMT cumulatively achieved resolution in 167/183 (91%, 95% CI: 86%–95%). The single FMT effect varied between 36% and 100% over time. In a mixed‐effect model, patient age above 65 years, non‐rCDI antibiotics at week 1 post‐FMT, and donor were associated with effect. Neither increasing the dosages of faecal microbes nor standardising the processing improved outcomes.ConclusionFMT has a high cumulative effectiveness in patients with rCDI following multiple administrations, but the single FMT effect is variable and may be optimised using statistical process control. Optimising FMT by considering patient age, post‐FMT antibiotics, donor and multiple administrations may improve the treatment outcomes.ClinicalTrials.gov (Study identifier: NCT03712722).
Reflections into Ptolemaic Glass II: Characterizing Yellow, Yellowish‐orange, Red, and Brown Inlays from Tebtynis
Authors: Bettineschi Cinzia , Angelini Ivana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA systematic and extensive analytical study was carried out on the loose inlays discovered in the Ptolemaic workshop of Tebtynis (Fayum oasis, Egypt). This paper presents data derived from the multi‐methodological archaeometric investigations (optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, electron probe microanalysis, micro‐Raman spectroscopy) performed on a set of intentionally colored and opacified glasses. In particular, we will discuss the textural, chemical, and mineralogical results related to the study of the yellow, yellowish‐orange, red, and brown inlays and semi‐finished/waste products now preserved at the Museo Egizio, Torino. The results highlight the presence of natron (low‐magnesium glasses, LMG) and plant ash (high‐magnesium glasses, HMG) base glass, coexisting with intermediate composition. Yellow samples are opacified using lead antimonates doped with iron and sometimes tin; conversely, yellowish‐orange specimens and the only brown sample are characterized by nanocrystals of cuprite. Red glasses are found in two variants: Dull reds are HMG with colloidal metallic copper particles, while sealing‐wax reds show LMG composition, associated with dendritic cuprite dispersed in a transparent, greenish matrix.
Early mediaeval lead glass bangles from Czermno, Poland: Results of elemental and lead isotopes analyses
Authors: Wajda Sylwia , Merkel Stephen W. , Florkiewicz Iwona , Jansen Moritz , Marciniak‐Maliszewska Beata , Wagner Barbara , Wołoszyn Marcin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the results from analysis of thirty 12th to 13th century glass bangles from Czermno, eastern Poland. Study of the primary glass composition was carried out by laser ablation ICP‐MS and electron probe microanalysis. Lead isotope analyses were conducted to determine the origin of the glass's main raw material. Two types of lead glass were distinguished, high‐lead glass and Slavic lead ash glass, both of which were common in Central and Eastern Europe in the early Middle Ages. Isotopic investigations show that the lead flux for the Slavic glass likely came from the Cracow–Upper Silesia region in southern Poland.
Metal‐free laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy using transpancreatic mattress suture with polyglycolic acid sheet and fibrin glue: A case report
Authors: Yamasaki Yoichi , Kurahara Hiroshi , Oi Hideyuki , Hozaka Yuto , Idichi Tetsuya , Kawasaki Yota , Mataki Yuko , Ohtsuka Takao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLaparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) is the standard surgery for malignant and premalignant tumors of the pancreatic body and tail. A stapler is commonly used to close the pancreatic stump due to its simplicity; however, the use of a stapler is associated with the risk of metal allergy and postoperative pancreatic fistula, especially in thick pancreases. Here, we present a case of LDP without metal instruments, including staplers and clips, in a 54‐year‐old woman with a metal allergy and a thick pancreas. The pancreatic stump was closed using the transpancreatic mattress suture method with a polyglycolic acid sheet (PGA) and fibrin glue. The postoperative course was uneventful. Metal‐free LDP is useful and can be adopted regardless of the patient's background, such as a metal allergy or pancreatic thickness.
Is polypharmacy associated with difficulty taking medicines in people aged ≥85 living at home? Findings from the Newcastle 85+ Study
Authors: Davies Laurie E. , Todd Adam , Sinclair David R. , Robinson Louise , Kingston Andrew 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIt is unclear whether polypharmacy is associated with difficulty taking medications amongst people aged ≥85 living at home. This is despite the projected decline in availability of family carers, who may support independent living. Using Newcastle 85+ Study data and mixed‐effects modelling, we investigated the association between polypharmacy and difficulty taking medications amongst 85‐year‐olds living at home, over a 10‐year time period. Polypharmacy was not associated with difficulty taking medications as either a continuous (OR = 0.99 [0.91–1.08]) or categorical variable (5–9 medications, OR = 0.69 [0.34–1.41]; ≥10 medications, OR = 0.85 [0.34–2.07]). The significant predictors included disability, visual impairment and cognitive impairment. Our results suggest that people aged ≥85 living at home with disability, visual impairment and/or cognitive impairment will have difficulty taking their medications, regardless of how many they are prescribed. Therefore, healthcare professionals should routinely ask about, assess and address problems that these patient groups may have with taking their medicines, independent of the number of drugs taken.
Constructing Time-Invariant Dynamic Surveillance Rules for Optimal Monitoring Schedules
Authors: Dong Xinyuan , Zheng Yingye , Lin Daniel W. , Newcomb Lisa , Zhao Ying-Qi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Dynamic surveillance rules (DSRs) are sequential surveillance decision rules informing monitoring schedules in clinical practice, which can adapt over time according to a patient's evolving characteristics. In many clinical applications, it is desirable to identify and implement optimal time-invariant DSRs, where the parameters indexing the decision rules are shared across different decision points. We propose a new criterion for DSRs that accounts for benefit-cost tradeoff during the course of disease surveillance. We develop two methods to estimate the time-invariant DSRs optimizing the proposed criterion, and establish asymptotic properties for the estimated parameters of biomarkers indexing the DSRs. The first approach estimates the optimal decision rules for each individual at every stage via regression modeling, and then estimates the time-invariant DSRs via a classification procedure with the estimated time-varying decision rules as the response. The second approach proceeds by optimizing a relaxation of the empirical objective, where a surrogate function is utilized to facilitate computation. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to demonstrate the superior performances of the proposed methods. The methods are further applied to the Canary Prostate Active Surveillance Study (PASS).
Immune modulation in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients treated with nilotinib and interferon‐alpha
Authors: Irani Yazad D. , Hughes Amy , Kok Chung H. , Clarson Jade , Yeung David T. , Ross David M. , Branford Susan , Hughes Timothy P. , Yong Agnes S. M. 
Published: July 2023

SummaryThe addition of interferon to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), to improve deep molecular response (DMR) and potentially treatment‐free remission (TFR) rates in chronic‐phase chronic myeloid leukaemia (CP‐CML) patients is under active investigation. However, the immunobiology of this combination is poorly understood. We performed a comprehensive longitudinal assessment of immunological changes in CML patients treated with nilotinib and interferon‐alpha (IFN‐α) within the ALLG CML11 trial (n = 12) or nilotinib alone (n = 17). We demonstrate that nilotinib+IFN transiently reduced absolute counts of natural killer (NK) cells, compared with nilotinib alone. Furthermore, CD16+‐cytolytic and CD57+CD62L−‐mature NK cells were transiently reduced during IFN therapy, without affecting NK‐cell function. IFN transiently increased cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte (CTL) responses to leukaemia‐associated antigens (LAAs) proteinase‐3, BMI‐1 and PRAME; and had no effect on regulatory T cells, or myeloid‐derived suppressor cells. Patients on nilotinib+IFN who achieved MR4.5 by 12 months had a significantly higher proportion of NK cells expressing NKp46, NKp30 and NKG2D compared with patients not achieving this milestone. This difference was not observed in the nilotinib‐alone group. The addition of IFN to nilotinib drives an increase in NK‐activating receptors, CTLs responding to LAAs and results in transient immune modulation, which may influence earlier DMR, and its effect on long‐term outcomes warrants further investigation.
Solidarity with atypical workers? Survey evidence from the General Motors versus United Auto Workers strike in 2019
Authors: Lima Aranzaes Carla , Lyhne Ibsen Christian , DeOrtentiis Philip S. , Tapia Maite 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this article, we examine the extent to which typical workers act in solidarity with atypical workers. We collected unique survey data from United Auto Workers striking against General Motors in 2019 during the strike and after the ratification vote. Although solidarity was generally high, we do find that typical workers with longer tenure exhibit less solidarity with atypical workers and that they are more prone to be on strike due to material reasons. In the second survey, after workers had voted on the proposed contract, we find that typical workers were more prone to vote yes to the agreement for self‐interested, material reasons and that solidarity with atypical workers had a significant, negative effect on the probability of voting yes to the agreement. Our findings support notions that insiders strike and vote according to self‐interests. We discuss these findings in light of the insider/outsider, dualization and union strategy literature.
Impresarios of identity: How the leaders of Czechoslovakia's ‘Candlelight Demonstration’ enabled effective collective action in a context of repression
Authors: Jurstakova Klara , Ntontis Evangelos , Reicher Stephen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of identity leadership (Haslam et al., The new psychology of leadership: Identity, influence and power, Routledge, 2020) in the 1988 ‘Candlelight Demonstration’ in Bratislava which was a precursor to the 1989 Velvet Revolution. The analysis is based on interviews with the five remaining leaders of the demonstration and addresses three core issues. First, how leaders use performative means (identity impresarioship) as well as limited rhetorical means (identity entrepreneurship) to assemble protestors and create a sense of shared identity amongst them. Second, how these strategies of mobilization are linked to the highly repressive context in which the demonstration took place. Third, we analyse the extent to which these strategies are rooted in a psychological understanding of the processes of mobilization. We conclude by addressing the implications for our general understanding of leadership and the mobilization of collective action and the need for more research into these processes under conditions of repression.
Disruption of tonic endocannabinoid signalling triggers cellular, behavioural and neuroendocrine responses consistent with a stress response
Authors: Petrie Gavin N. , Balsevich Georgia , Füzesi Tamás , Aukema Robert J. , Driever Wouter P. F. , van der Stelt Mario , Bains Jaideep S. , Hill Matthew N. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeEndocannabinoid (eCB) signalling gates many aspects of the stress response, including the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is controlled by corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) producing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). Disruption of eCB signalling increases drive to the HPA axis, but the mechanisms subserving this process are poorly understood.Experimental ApproachUsing an array of cellular, endocrine and behavioural readouts associated with activation of CRH neurons in the PVN, we evaluated the contributions of tonic eCB signalling to the generation of a stress response.Key ResultsThe CB1 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist AM251, neutral antagonist NESS243 and NAPE PLD inhibitor LEI401 all uniformly increased Fos in the PVN, unmasked stress‐linked behaviours, such as grooming, and increased circulating CORT, recapitulating the effects of stress. Similar effects were also seen after direct administration of AM251 into the PVN, while optogenetic inhibition of PVN CRH neurons ameliorated stress‐like behavioural changes produced by disruption of eCB signalling.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese data indicate that under resting conditions, constitutive eCB signalling restricts activation of the HPA axis through local regulation of CRH neurons in the PVN.