bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the X-Ray Re-brightening Signature of GRB 220117A
Authors: Zhao Li-Tao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Swift/XRT detected the X-ray afterglow of long burst GRB 220117A, which began to rebrighten 300 s after triggering and followed a single power-law decay segment after thousands of seconds of the orbital observation gap. This segment is different from the shallow decay segment (plateau) and flare, and may belong to a giant X-ray bump. We investigated this segment by the fall-back accretion model and found that the model can interpret this segment with reasonable parameter values. Within this physical model scenario, the fall-back accretion rate reaches a peak value ∼1.70 × 10−5
M
⊙ s−1 around 300 s in the central engine frame, which is compatible with the late mass supply rate of some low-metallicity massive progenitor stars. The initial black hole (BH) spin is

a

0

=

0.64

−
0.26

+
0.24

and implies that this re-brightening signature requires a larger BH spin. The total accretion mass during the fall-back process is M
acc = (3.09 ± 0.02) × 10−2
M
⊙. The jet energy from the fall-back accretion is (9.77 ± 0.65) × 1052 erg, with a ratio of 0.066 to the isotropic-equivalent radiation energies of the GRB prompt phase in the 1–104 keV band. The fall-back radius r

p
corresponding to the peak time of fall-back t

p
is (3.16 ± 0.05) × 1010 cm, which is consistent with the typical radius of Wolf–Rayet stars. In summary, our results provide additional support for the origin of the long burst from the core collapse of Wolf–Rayet stars, and its late central engine activity is likely due to the fall-back accretion process.
Detection of Cu(II) in water by using N, S co-doped carbon dots
Authors: Bisauriya Ramanand , Antonaroli Simonetta , Cabibbo Marcello , Pizzoferrato Roberto 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Determination of Cu(II) ions in surface and drinking water is a high-priority issue both for the environment and human health. Here, we report on the preparation via a hydrothermal method of stable water suspensions of N and S co-doped carbon dots. This material demonstrated selective sensitivity to the presence of copper in water with the appearance of a characteristic absorption band at 658 nm resulting in a visual color variation from orange to dark brown. The colorimetric measurement, carried out by recording the difference between the absorbance at two wavelengths, showed a good linear dependence on the ion concentration from 1 to 100 μM with a lower limit of detection of 300 nM, significantly below the values set by health and environmental organizations. The sensing method is simply based on the addition of the contaminated sample to the carbon dot solution without any other reagents or previous treatment. Moreover, the sensing solution showed stability for at least 6 months after preparation.
Hydrophilic silver nanoparticles for the treatment of water polluted by heavy metals
Authors: Bertelà F. , Bellingeri A. , Burratti L. , Prosposito P. , Di Vona M. L. , Sgreccia E. , Corsi I. , Marsotto M. , Iucci G. , Battocchio C. , Venditti I. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Hydrophilic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in advanced biotechnologies, due to their versatile, easy, cheap preparations and due to their peculiar physico-chemical properties. It is well known that their surface functionalization plays a key role in defining the chemical-physical behaviour of AgNPs. If used for monitoring and remediation of heavy metals polluted water, the surface functionalization can direct the selectivity and sensitivity of the nanomaterial. Moreover, different capping agents can also induce different ecotoxicity. In this framework AgNPs are synthetises and properly functionalized using different capping agent, such as citrate (Cit), sodium 3 mercapto-1-propansulphonate (3MPS), L-cysteine (Lcys) and glutathione (GSH). The opportune choice of these capping agents induces size control (in the range of Ø = 2-30 nm) and make available selectively detection of heavy metal ions, such as Co(II), Hg (II) or Fe (III). These investigations confirmed that the multiple functionalized AgNPs are amazing and promising systems for monitoring and treatment of heavy metals polluted water.
Monitoring drug stability by label-free fluorescence lifetime imaging: a case study on liposomal doxorubicin
Authors: Carretta Annalisa , Cardarelli Francesco 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In a previous report, we demonstrated that Doxorubicin (DOX) intrinsic fluorescence can be exploited in combination with the phasor approach to fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and quantitative absorption/fluorescence spectroscopy to resolve the supramolecular organization of the drug within its FDA-approved nanoformulation, Doxil®. The resulting ‘synthetic identity’ comprises three co-existing physical states of the drug within Doxil®: a dominating fraction of crystallized DOX (DOXc >98%), and two minor fractions of free DOX (DOXf∼1%), and DOX associated with the liposomal membrane (DOXb <1%). This result serves as a benchmark here to address the time evolution of Doxil® synthetic identity. We probe the effect of temperature for a total duration of 6 months in a non-invasive way by FLIM. We confirm Doxil® stability if stored at 4°C, while we detect marked changes in its synthetic identity at 37°C: crystallized DOX gets progressively disassembled in time, in favor of the other two physical states, free and membrane-associated DOX. Our phasor-FLIM-based approach paves the way to time-resolved biochemical assays on the supramolecular organization of encapsulated fluorescent drugs potentially all the way from the production phase to their state within living matter.
Development of modular backpack silage equipment control system
Authors: Zhang Yongliang , Cai Sikang , Shan Shizhuang , Li Yingjun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Silage equipment can crush crops into small materials, which can be used as feed for livestock farms to achieve efficient and reasonable utilization of resources. In this paper, based on the completion of the overall scheme design of a modular backpack silage equipment, the integration of crop crushing, bundling and coating is realized. At the same time, a control system suitable for the silage equipment based on programmable logic controller (PLC) and touch screen is developed to improve the working efficiency of the equipment. In the production experiment, the technical parameters of the prototype and the indicators of the product meet the design objectives.
Image enhancement based on improved pulse coupled neural network
Authors: Ding Huan , Li Tong , Liu Zelong , Feng Ziwei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Image is the main source of information acquisition and exchange. Image processing technology can realize man-machine dialogue, but it still faces many challenges, such as the lack of image edge information. In order to better realize the neural network image processing, this paper builds two kinds of neural network models based on memristor on the MATLAB platform. Then these two neural network models are used to enhance the image. The image is illustrated by the comparison of the histogram, the enhanced image and some objective criteria through the pulse coupled neural network and the improved neural network. The improved neural network is more efficient than the pulse coupled neural network in processing the edges and internal details of the image, highlighting the outline of the key part of the image, and effectively realizing the image enhancement. The advantages of the neural network with memristor in image processing are illustrated.
Dual-mimic learning for occluded pedestrian detection
Authors: Pan Xiaofeng , Han Shoudong , Ding Huilin , Wang Yukun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
It is still a great challenge to detect pedestrians in crowded scenes. Recent works mainly focus on enhancing the feature representation of the visible region. Although this strategy is effective, it fails to fully exploit the appearance information contained in the full-body region. To this end, we propose a Dual-Mimic learning model, which consists of the occluded to unoccluded (Occ-Unocc) and the full-body to visible (Full-Vis) mimic learning branches. Both branches can reduce the intra-class feature variances of pedestrians by different mimicking strategies. Besides, we define an occlusion attribute to describe the occlusion pattern of each detection. Based on the occlusion attribute, we propose the Occlusion-aware NMS (Occ-NMS), which can effectively remain the occluded instance with low confidence. We conduct extensive experiments on standard benchmarks of CityPersons and Caltech, and our method achieves a new state-of-the-art performance at 36.34% MR−2 and 25.07% MR−2 on heavy occlusion sets.
Study of the Effect of Drainage and the Distance Between Drippers on Soil Construction
Authors: Al-Asadi Read A. A. , Nayyef Hussein Razzaq , Hameed Hasanen Saeed 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in Al-Rifai District - Dhi Qar Governorate during the spring season 2022 on soil with a clay texture, for the purpose of studying three water discharges, which included (4, 12 and 20) liters per hour -1. Overlapping with the distance factor between drippers, represented by (20 and 40) cm. The yellow corn crop (Zea mays L.) (Buhuth 106) was used as a growth indicator. The dripper drainage of 12 liters per hour-1 showed an improvement in the physical properties of the soil at the end of the experiment compared to the values of these characteristics before planting, as it led to a decrease in the bulk density values and an increase in both the values of the weighted diameter average and the total porosity compared with other drainages (4, 20) liters Hour-1, as the results showed that the use of the distance between the drippers of 20 cm preserved the soil structure as a result of the increase in the average weighted diameter and the total porosity as well as the reduction of the bulk density values compared to the distance between the drippers (40) cm.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of the Inoculum Prepared from the Two Local Isolates enterobacter colacae and enterobacter ludwigii on Soybean (glycine max l.) Growth and Yield in Gypsiferous Soil under Different Molybdenum Levels
Authors: Alkurtany A. E. , Hamada Ayad A. , Bahjat Mahdi F. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
With the aim of reducing chemical fertilizers and relying on environmentally friendly natural biofertilizers that promote plant growth and increase yield, especially in gypsiferous soils spread in arid and semi-arid regions, which suffer from physical, chemical, fertility, and biological problems, which in turn affect the density of microorganisms, This experiment was conducted to study the efficiency of the inoculum prepared from the bacteria E. cloacae and E. ludwigii isolated from gypsiferous soils and molecularly characterized in improving the growth and yield of soybeans under different levels of molybdenum in gypsiferous soil, possibly due to its absence, particularly the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation. The results showed that the two treatments inoculated with E. cloacae and E. ludiwgii were significantly superior to the uninoculated treatment in all studied growth and yield traits and the percentage of nitrogen and protein in the seeds, and that the treatment inoculated with E. cloacae bacteria was superior to the treatment inoculated with E. ludiwgii bacteria in all traits, as well as the treatment fertilized at the level of 2 kg Mo ha-1 was significantly superior to the non-fertilized in all traits and showed The results of the interaction between inoculation and fertilization with molybdenum showed that the E. cloacae + 2 kg Mo ha-1 treatment was superior to the comparison treatment in all traits and gave values of 278 pod plant-1, 127.66 g plant-1, 6.23 tons ha-1, 6.27%, and 39.13%. 0.36%, 0.071% for the number of pods, weight of pods, grain yield, concentrations of nitrogen, protein, and molybdenum in the seeds, and the concentration of molybdenum remaining in the soil after harvest, respectively, compared to the comparison treatment that gave the values 150.67 pod plant-1, 68.33 g plant-1, 3.43 tons ha-1, 5.42%, 33.83%, 0.33%, and 0.068 for the aforementioned characteristics, respectively.
Mineral Analysis and Percentages of Oxides (Hematite and Magnetite) in Two Cultivated and Uncultivated Soils in the Governorates of Al-Qadisiyah, Babylon and Najaf / Iraq
Authors: Al-Ramly Noor M. , Jarallah Raid SH. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The aim of the research is to study the mineral analysis and oxides ratios in two cultivated and uncultivated soils in the governorates of Qadisiyah, Babylon and Najaf. And the determination of the proportions of hematite and magnetite oxide minerals, the following results showed that there is a great predominance of minerals (quartz and calcite) in all the soils of the middle Euphrates, and the proportions of the following minerals were diagnosed in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, calcite 32.8%, which came in the first place for the uncultivated soils, while the cultivated soils prevailed Quartz mineral by 47.1%, while the province of Babylon showed the predominance of the mineral calcite at a greater rate than the rest of the minerals, by 33.6%, 30.8% for cultivated and uncultivated soils, respectively, while Najaf governorate recorded the highest prevalence of quartz mineral, which amounted to 38.1%, 34.8% for cultivated soils The oxide minerals (hematite and magnetite) recorded ratios of (2.0, 1.4, 1.0, 1.7, 0.9, 1. 1) The magnetite mineral reached (2.1, 2.5, 0.9, 2.7, 2.0, 1.0) for the governorates of (Al-Qadisiyah, Babylon, Najaf) for the cultivated and uncultivated soils, respectively.
Impact of Sedimentary Conditions and Relative Distribution of Sand Sedimentary Minerals in Iraqi Soils
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Ghada Kamal Hamza , Alabadi Luma Abdalalah Sagban 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study investigated the relative distribution of sand-separating minerals and the effect of sedimentary and climatic conditions on their distribution in some soils from northern and southern Iraq. The samples were collected from four Iraqi governorates: Erbil (included the soils from areas of Shaqlawa, Soran, and Juman), Sulaymaniyah (included the soils from Dokan, Sayed Sadeq, and Halabja), Maysan (included the soils of Al-Kahla, Ali Al-Sharqi, Awasha, Kumit, Ali Al-Gharbi, and Al-Tayyib), and Wasit Governorate (included the soils of Zurbatiya, Badra, Jassan, Al-Muwafiqiyah, Al-Numaniyah, and Zubaidiyah). The results indicated that the percentages of light sand minerals were higher than the percentages of heavy sand minerals in all the soils of the study sites. It is attributed to the nature of the mineral composition and the intensity of the weathering factor’s influence on the sedimentation sites or during transportation. The results also indicated the dominance of the quartz group, followed by the group of carbonate rock pieces and the group of feldspar minerals in terms of dominance within the light part of sand minerals in all soil samples in southern Iraq (Wasit and Maysan). The rock-cut minerals group was dominant, followed by the quartz and feldspar minerals group in all soil samples in northern Iraq (Erbil and Sulaymaniyah). The other light minerals of the group were found in varying proportions and distribution in all soil samples, which included (mudstone, lime, evaporites, igneous and metamorphic rocks, clay-coated grains, and other minerals). The results showed that the percentages of the opaque minerals were higher in all soil samples than the group of non-opaque minerals, which included minerals (zircon, tourmaline, rutile, strolite, epidote, and kyanite) with irregularity and a significant difference in the proportions as the large percentages indicate that they bear transportation over long distances and their resistance to weathering processes. These ratios were more evident in the northern regions of Erbil and Sulaymaniyah, which indicate the intensity of weathering processes (wet climate) compared to the soils of Wasit and Maysan in southern Iraq. The low percentages appeared in the soil samples due to the short transportation distance and the diversity of the source rocks.
Assessment of the Organic Pollution in Sawa Lake
Authors: Al-Fanharawi Ali Abdulhamza , Al-Khafaji Ansam Saad 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
One of the primary issues that harms both man and his environment is water pollution. This study was carried out to assess the level of organic pollutants in Sawa lake water. Water Sampling collected from October 2021 to February 2022, monthly, samples taken from three different sites. Biological oxygen demand (BOD5) measured by the BOD Sensor after calibration and processing, and some related environmental parameters were also measured. The results showed that BOD5 values ranged between (5.9-7.6) mg/l, higher value was 12.5 mg/l recorded in S1 and S2 during February, and lower concentration (3 mg/l) recorded in S2 during November. The value of BOD5 in all periods of study was 6.67 mg/l. The findings of the statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between the sites and months (p≤ 0.05). Monthly changes in the physicochemical properties of lake water and the autochthonous organic matter may be a reason for increasing the concentration of organic content, in addition to the wastes that arrives from near area. According to the Hynes classification, the river water in all sites classified as doubtful to bad. Negative significant correlations were founds between BOD5 and DO (r= -0.75) and positive significant correlations between BOD5, EC and nitrate (r= 0.54, r=0.42), respectively.
Prediction of Biodegradability Possibility for Sewage of the Dairy Industry
Authors: Flayyih Ahmed Imad , Ali Sura Kareem 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe dairy industry is one of the industrial activities classified within the food industries in all phases of the dairy industry, which leads to an increase in the amount of wastewater discharged from this industry. The study was conducted in the Abu Ghraib dairy factory, classified as one of the central factories in Iraq, located in the west of Baghdad governorate, with a design capacity of 22,815 tons of dairy products. The characteristics of the liquid waste generated from the factory were determined for the following parameters biological oxygen demand (BOD5), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), pH, nitrate, phosphate, chloride, and sulfate with an average value of (1079, 1945, 323, 9.2, 24, 23, 429, 235 mg/litre), respectively, and the biodegradation rate of wastewater (BOD5/COD) was determined, which amounted to 0.58. A model was created to predict the rate of biodegradation, which was 0.58. The results indicate that the generated wastewater is highly polluted with high concentrations of pollutants and causes considerable environmental damages that lead to the deterioration of aquatic life in the receiving water bodies and that the sewage generated by dairy factories is biodegradable and can be effectively treated through biological treatments.
Effect of Foliar Spray of Zinc and Irrigating with Smoking-Water on Growth of Citrus Rootstock C35
Authors: Salih Ausama Y. , Al-Jeboory Mayada Tariq 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in fruit production lathe house of the Department Of Horticulture And Landscape Gardening, in the station (B), College Of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University Of Baghdad, Al-Jaadria for 8 months, began from 1/3/2019 to 1/9/2019 to investigate the responses of C35 Citrus rootstock to influence of foliar spraying of zinc and irrigation with smoking-water at 2 years old saplings. the study included two factors, first factor was three concentrations of Zinc Element Z0(0 mg.l-1), Z1(50 mg.l-1) and Z2(75 mg.l-1) that sprays at leave. The second factor was watering saplings with smoke-water in three concentrations S0(0 vol.vol-1), S1(0.1 vol.vol-1) and (0.2vol.vol-1), and their interaction. The experiment was factorial in RCBD design, Treatments were replicated 3 times, number of saplings were 54. Results showed that zinc at 75 mg.l-1 and smoke-water at 0.2vol.vol-1 Significantly gave the highest vegetative, root and chemical content in the leaves respectively. the lowest value of these parameters was found in control treatment.
Improving the Chemical Content and Mineral Elements of Drought Stressed (Moringa Oleifera L.) by Application of Glutathione and Bio-Fertilizer
Authors: Khalaf Raad Abbas , Abdullah Kadum Mohammed , Khalaf Asaad Abbas , Al-Fatlawi Murtadha Matai 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The experiment was carried out in pots with a capacity of 28 kg in the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering - College of Agriculture - the University of Karbala in order to know the extent of the effect of glutathione and biofertilizer and to determine the best concentration of these treatments in reducing the harmful effect of water stress in terms of the content of enzyme antioxidants and active substances and determine The best irrigation level for this plant without harming the plant and determining the best concentration of glutathione and biofertilizer in reducing the harmful effects of water stress on the Moringa plant, as the study included three factors: glutathione with three concentrations (0, 100, 200) mg. L-1 and biofertilizer (Algacell) at two levels (0 and 10) mg. L-1 and water stress have three field capacity levels (60%, 50%, and 40%). The experiment was carried out using Dunkin’s multinomial test at a probability level of 0.05. The data were analyzed according to the statistical program (SAS 2003), where the results showed that there is a significant effect of glutathione on Most botanical characteristics and mineral element content. Glutathione is an antioxidant that plays a role in plant growth, cell division, and elongation, which protects cells. Water stress affects the dissolution of nutrients and their transfer from soil to plants. The more a plant is exposed to water stress, the more leaves will drop due to the increased ABA concentration. Moreover, the root was longer. Where water stress leads to an increase in the levels of ROS within the plant cells, which stimulates the plant to resist and remove the effect of these free radicals. Moringa is a plant gaining much attention due to its many benefits is a drought-tolerant crop, great for areas lacking water, that can grow in drought-prone regions. It is also a plant that can be used in many different ways, including food, medicine, environmental restoration, and textile products.
Effect of Foliar Application of Nano-Fertilizer NPK and Yeast Suspension on some Chemical Properties of Leaves and Fruits of Eggplant Solanum melongena L.
Authors: Al-Kaby Aman Hameed , Al-Jarah Talib M. M. , Alzubaydi Hayder Mohsin Jebur 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in the season (2020-2021) in one of the greenhouses in the second research station of the College of Agriculture at the University of Al-Muthanna, this study was carried out to find out the effect of adding yeast fodder at three concentrations (0, 5.0, 10.0 gL−1) as well as nano fertilizer at three concentrations as well (0, 0.5, 1.0 ml L−1). Where this experiment was conducted on eggplant planted in greenhouses, the irrigation system in these houses was drip irrigation technology, the experiment was carried out with three random replications (complete plots). The results had a significant positive effect for both yeast and nano fertilizer, as well as a positive effect at the interaction between them and in all chemical properties and for each of the leaves and fruits of the eggplant plant (content of nitrogen, phosphorous and chlorophyll in leaves, proteins and carbohydrates in eggplant, fruits and dry weight of the plant). The leaves content of nitrogen, phosphorous, protein and carbohydrates (5.678%, 0.454%, 35.48%, & 61.00 gm 100 gm−1) dry weight, respectively.