bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraspecific diversity in the mechanisms underlying abamectin resistance in a cosmopolitan pest
Authors: Villacis‐Perez Ernesto , Xue Wenxin , Vandenhole Marilou , De Beer Berdien , Dermauw Wannes , Van Leeuwen Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPesticide resistance relies on a myriad of mechanisms, ranging from single mutations to a complex and polygenic architecture, and it involves mechanisms such as target‐site insensitivity, metabolic detoxification, or a combination of these, with either additive or synergistic effects. Several resistance mechanisms against abamectin, a macrocyclic lactone widely used in crop protection, have been reported in the cosmopolitan pest Tetranychus urticae. However, it has been shown that a single mechanism cannot account for the high levels of abamectin resistance found across different mite populations. Here, we used experimental evolution combined with bulked segregant analyses to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with abamectin resistance in two genetically unrelated populations of T. urticae. In these two independent QTL mapping experiments, three and four QTLs were identified, of which three were shared between experiments. Shared QTLs contained genes encoding subunits of the glutamate‐gated chloride channel (GluCl) and harboured previously reported mutations, including G314D in GluCl1 and G326E in GluCl3, but also novel resistance candidate loci, including DNA helicases and chemosensory receptors. Surprisingly, the fourth QTL, present only in only one of the experiments and thus unique for one resistant parental line, revealed a non‐functional variant of GluCl2, suggesting gene knock‐out as resistance mechanism. Our study uncovers the complex basis of abamectin resistance, and it highlights the intraspecific diversity of genetic mechanisms underlying resistance in a cosmopolitan pest.
Climatic oscillation promoted diversification of spinous assassin bugs during Pleistocene glaciation
Authors: Du Zhenyong , Zhao Qian , Wang Xuan , Sota Teiji , Tian Li , Song Fan , Cai Wanzhi , Zhao Ping , Li Hu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInsect speciation is among the most fascinating topics in evolutionary biology; however, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Allopatric speciation represents one of the major types of speciation and is believed to have frequently occurred during glaciation periods, when climatic oscillation may have caused suitable habitats to be fragmented repeatedly, creating geographical isolation among populations. However, supporting evidence for allopatric speciation of insects in East Asia during the Pleistocene glaciation remains lacking. We aim to investigate the effect of climatic oscillation during the Pleistocene glaciation on the diversification pattern and evolutionary history of hemipteran insects and to test the hypothesis of Pleistocene species stability using spinous assassin bugs Sclomina (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), a small genus widely distributed in southern China but was later found to have cryptic species diversity. Here, using the whole mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) and nuclear ribosomal RNA genes, we investigated both interspecific and intraspecific diversification patterns of spinous assassin bugs. Approximate Bayesian computation, ecological niche modeling, and demographic history analyses were also applied to understand the diversification process and driven factors. Our data suggest that the five species of Sclomina are highly diverged, despite three of them currently being cryptic. Speciation occurred during the Pleistocene when suitable distribution areas were possibly fragmented. Six phylogeographic groups in the type species S. erinacea were identified, among which two groups underwent expansion during the early Last Glacial Period and after Last Glacier Maximum. Our analyses suggest that this genus may have experienced climate‐driven habitat fragmentation and postglacial expansion in the Pleistocene, promoting allopatric speciation and intraspecific diversification. Our results reveal underestimated species diversity in a small insect group and illustrate a remarkable example of allopatric speciation of insects in East Asia promoted by Pleistocene climatic oscillations. These findings provide important insights into the speciation processes and aid the conservation of insect species diversity.
Parameter identification of elastoplastic model for CuCrZr alloy by the neural network‐aided Bayesian inference
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Jin Ping , Li Ruizhi , Qi Yaqun , Cai Guobiao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe constitutive model serves as the foundation for executing structure analysis to obtain the deformation and stress/strain. In this paper, a neural network‐assisted Bayesian parameter identification framework is presented to calibrate parameters of the constitutive model while considering the unavoidable uncertainties. The low‐cycle fatigue test of the CuCrZr alloy at 700 K is first performed to provide realistic data. The posterior distributions are obtained by applying the transitional Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. To accelerate the identification, the neural network is adopted to directly predict the likelihood function value given material parameters. The effect of prior distributions on the identification parameters is also studied. The characteristic parameters of the normal distribution have almost no effect on the identification results. In the absence of prior information, uniform prior distributions can be used to perform Bayesian identification of material parameters, and satisfactory identification parameters can also be acquired.
Bcat1 is controlled by Tsc2/mTORC1 pathway at expression levels and its deficiency together with Bcat2 inactivation suppresses the growth of a Tsc2−/− tumor cell line
Authors: Nishikawa Keiko , Mezawa Yoshihiro , Kobayashi Toshiyuki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) gene products (TSC1/TSC2) negatively regulate mTORC1. Although mTORC1 inhibitors are used for the treatment of TSC, incomplete tumor elimination and the adverse effects from long‐term administration are problems that need to be solved. Branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism is involved in the growth of many tumor cells via the mTORC1 pathway. However, it remains unclear how BCAA metabolism affects the growth of mTORC1‐dysregulated tumors. We show here that the expression of branched‐chain amino transferase1 (Bcat1) was suppressed in Tsc2‐deficient murine renal tumor cells either by treatment with rapamycin or restoration of Tsc2 expression suggesting that Bcat1 is located downstream of Tsc2‐mTORC1 pathway. We also found that gabapentin, a Bcat1 inhibitor suppressed the growth of Tsc2‐deficient tumor cells and increased efficacy when combined with rapamycin. We investigate the functional importance of Bcat1 and the mitochondrial isoform Bcat2 by inhibiting each enzyme separately or both together by genome editing and shRNA in Tsc2‐deficient cells. We found that deficiency of both enzymes, but not either alone, inhibited cell growth, indicating that BCAA‐metabolic reactions support Tsc2‐deficient cell proliferation. Our results indicate that inhibition of Bcat1 and Bcat2 by specific drugs should be a useful method for TSC treatment.
Arginine vasopressin deficiency and conivaptan (a V1a–V2 receptor antagonist) treatment reverses liver damage and fibrosis in rats with chronic portocaval anastomosis
Authors: Navarro‐Gonzalez Yesenia Danyeli , Ventura‐Juarez Javier , Muñoz‐Ortega Martín Humberto , González‐Blas Daniel , Calvillo‐Robedo Argelia , Avila‐Blanco Manuel‐Enrique , Valdez‐Urias Fernando , Quintanar‐Stephano Andrés 
Published: March 2023

AbstractArginine vasopressin (AVP) is a naturally occurring hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus. AVP demonstrates pro‐fibrotic effects as it stimulates hepatic stellate cells to secrete transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) and collagen. Previous work in liver cirrhotic (CCL4‐induced) hamsters demonstrated that AVP deficiency induced by neurointermediate pituitary lobectomy (NIL) can restore liver function. Therefore, we hypothesized that liver fibrosis would decrease in portocaval anastomosis (PCA) rats, which model chronic liver diseases, when they are treated with the V1a–V2 AVP receptor antagonist conivaptan (CV). In this study, changes in liver histology and gene expression were analysed in five experimental groups: control, PCA, NIL, PCA + NIL and PCA + CV, with NIL surgery or CV treatment administered 8 weeks after PCA surgery. Body weight gain was assessed on a weekly basis, and serum liver function, liver weight and liver glycogen content were assessed following euthanasia. Most PCA‐induced phenotypes were reverted to normal levels following AVP‐modelled deficiency, though hypoglycemia and ammonium levels remained elevated in the PCA + CV group. Liver histopathological findings showed a significant reversal in collagen content, less fibrosis in the triad and liver septa and increased regenerative nodules. Molecular analyses showed that the expression of fibrogenic genes (TGF‐β and collagen type I) decreased in the PCA + CV group. Our findings strongly suggest that chronic NIL or CV treatment can induce a favourable microenvironment to decrease liver fibrosis and support CV as an alternative treatment for liver fibrosis.
MODELING INTERREGIONAL PATIENT MOBILITY: THEORY AND EVIDENCE FROM SPATIALLY EXPLICIT DATA
Authors: Irlacher Michael , Pennerstorfer Dieter , Renner Anna‐Theresa , Unger Florian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article provides theory and evidence on the spatial determinants of regional patient flows. We develop a theoretical model that explains a patient's choice to consult a general practitioner by a measure of spatial accessibility. We empirically test this gravity‐type model using regional patient flows and detailed data on the spatial distribution of residents and physicians in Austria. Our measure of spatial accessibility is a crucial determinant of patient flows that substantially increases the explanatory power of regular gravity models. Counterfactual simulations show heterogeneous effects of exiting physicians on health‐care accessibility and patient mobility.
Effects of pictorial warnings on parents' purchases and perceptions of sugar‐sweetened beverage categories
Authors: D'Angelo Campos Aline , Taillie Lindsey Smith , Vatavuk‐Serrati Gabriela , Grummon Anna H. , Higgins Isabella C. A. , Hall Marissa G. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryBackgroundSugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption remains high among US children. Warning labels on SSBs hold promise for reducing consumption, but their impact may differ by SSB category.ObjectivesThis study examined the effects of pictorial warnings on parents' beverage purchases and perceptions across SSB categories.MethodsParents of children ages 2–12 (n = 326) visited a convenience store laboratory in North Carolina. Participants were randomly assigned to see SSBs carrying either pictorial warning labels or control labels. Parents purchased a beverage for their child and completed a survey.ResultsResponses from parents in the control arm suggest underlying perceptions of flavoured milk (2.8 on scale ranging from 1 to 5), flavoured water (2.6), and fruit‐flavoured drinks (2.5) as the most healthful SSB categories. Compared to the control, pictorial warnings led to the largest reductions in purchases of fruit drinks (−61%), soda (−36%) and flavoured milk (−32%). Warnings also lowered the perceived healthfulness of flavoured water (d = −0.34), flavoured milk (d = −0.28), sports drinks (d = −0.25), and a reduction in intentions to give one's child sports drinks (d = −0.30), flavoured water (d = −0.24) and sweet tea (d = −0.22, all p < 0.05).ConclusionsWarning labels may have heterogeneous effects across SSB categories. Future research should assess the psychological mechanisms underlying these heterogeneous effects.
Trade union strategies to tackle labour market insecurity: Geography and the role of Sheffield TUC
Authors: Etherington David , Jeffery Bob , Thomas Peter , Jones Martin , Ledger‐Jessop Ben 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper analyses the role of trades councils and trade unions in organising within local and regional contexts around the challenges facing and potential union strategies for addressing the needs of insecure and precarious workers. We deploy a case study on the Sheffield Trade Union Council and the Sheffield Needs A Pay Rise campaign as a way of exploring innovations and challenges for the trade union movement for organising the unorganised. We explore the potentials as well as limitations of local organising and campaigning around insecurity and marginalisation by trade unions to demonstrate theoretically and empirically within industrial relations research the role of strategic spaces for action by workers and trade unions and the set of institutional, economic, social and cultural resources that workers can draw on in developing their respective strategies.
Multicriteria sorting method based on global and local search for supplier segmentation
Authors: Barrera Felipe , Segura Marina , Maroto Concepción 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe aim of this research is to develop a robust multicriteria method to classify suppliers into ordered categories and its validation in real contexts. The proposed technique is based on a property of net flows of the PROMETHEE method and uses global and local search concepts, which are common in the optimisation field. The results obtained are compared to those from the most cited sorting algorithm, and an empirical validation and sensitivity analysis is performed using real supplier evaluation data. Furthermore, it does not require additional information from decision‐makers as other sorting algorithms do for assigning incomparable or indifferent alternatives to groups. An extension of the silhouette concept from data mining is also contributed to measure the quality of ordered classes. Both contributions are easy to apply and integrate into decision support systems for automated decisions in the supply chain management. Finally, this practical approach is also useful to classify customers and any type of alternatives or actions into ordered categories, which have an increasing number of real applications.
RETRACTED: Effect of instant surgery compared with traditional management on paediatric complicated acute appendicitis post‐surgery wound: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Cao Xiansheng , Geng Xuejing , Zhang Chunlei , Chen Jun , Zhang Chao , Liu Qi , Wu Tianyu , Li Lei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA meta‐analysis study to assess the influence of instant surgery (IS) compared with conservative therapy (CT) on paediatric complicated acute appendicitis (CAA) post‐surgery wounds. A comprehensive literature examination until January 2023 was implemented, and 2098 linked studies were appraised. The picked studies contained 66 674 subjects with paediatric CAA post‐surgery wounds in the picked studies' baseline; 64 643 of them were using IS, and 2031 were using CT. The odds ratio (OR) in addition to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to calculate the consequence of the IS compared with the CT on paediatric CAA post‐surgery wounds using the dichotomous and continuous styles and a fixed or random model. The IS had a significantly higher wound infection (OR, 4.97; 95% CI, 2.35–10.54, P < .001) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 57%) compared with the CT in a paediatric CAA post‐surgery wound. However, no significant difference was found between IS and CT in total antibiotic duration (MD, −5.34; 95% CI,−12.67 to −1.98, P = .15) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 95%) in paediatric CAA post‐surgery wounds. The IS had a significantly higher wound infection; however, no significant difference was found in total antibiotic duration compared with the CT in paediatric CAA post‐surgery wounds. Although precautions should be taken when commerce with the consequences because most of the studies picked for this meta‐analysis had low sample sizes.
The effects of carbonaceous inclusions and their distributions on dynamic failure processes in boron carbide ceramics
Authors: Zare Arezoo , Malhotra Pinkesh , Yang Qirong , Christian Kent , Du Jun , Haber Richard A. , Shaeffer Matthew , Ramesh K.T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCommercially available boron carbide ceramics typically have heterogeneous microstructures that contain distributions of processing‐induced inclusions. The inclusions that are rich in carbon (i.e., carbonaceous) govern the underlying mechanisms of brittle fracture through wing crack formation, and thus dictate the mechanical response of the ceramic. In this study, we investigate the dynamic failure of five boron carbide ceramic materials with different inclusion populations. All of the materials were prepared by hot‐pressing; four of these boron carbides contained different sizes and concentrations of carbonaceous inclusions, while one contained no carbonaceous inclusions. The heterogeneity distributions were characterized in some detail for statistical analysis using scanning electron microscopy and quantitative image analysis. A modified compression Kolsky bar setup with in situ ultra‐high‐speed microscopic imaging (10 million frames per second) was then used to study the influence of the inclusion distributions on the dynamic failure processes in these materials, at nominal high strain rates of 102–103 s−1. The in situ ultra‐high‐speed microscopy highlighted the link between micro and macroscale failure processes and demonstrated that the carbonaceous inclusions are indeed the preferential sites for nucleation of wing cracks, as previously hypothesized based on post‐mortem observations. The relative orientation of an inclusion with respect to the compression axis was shown to affect the likelihood that it would participate in crack nucleation. All of the ceramics were also found to have orientation‐dependent peak compressive stress, regardless of the presence of carbonaceous inclusions, suggesting that grain orientation distributions are also important.
Random regression models to estimate genetic parameters for milk yield, fat, and protein contents in Tunisian Holsteins
Authors: Soumri N. , Carabaño Maria J. , González‐Recio O. , Bedhiaf‐Romdhani S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to find the parsimonious random regression model (RRM) to evaluate the genetic potential for milk yield (MY), fat content (FC), and protein content (PC) in Tunisian Holstein cows. For this purpose, 551,139; 331,654; and 302,396 test day records for MY, FC, and PC were analysed using various RRMs with different Legendre polynomials (LP) orders on additive genetic (AG) and permanent environmental (PE) effects, and different types of residual variances (RV). The statistical analysis was performed in a Bayesian framework with Gibbs sampling, and the model performances were assessed, mainly, on the predictive ability criteria. The study found that the optimal model for evaluating these traits was an RRM with a third LP order and nine classes of heterogeneous RV. In addition, the study found that heritability estimates for MY, FC, and PC ranged from 0.11 to 0.22, 0.11 to 0.17, and 0.12 to 0.18, respectively, indicating that genetic improvement should be accompanied by improvements in the production environment. The study also suggested that new selection rules could be used to modify lactation curves by exploiting the canonical transformation of the random coefficient covariance (RC) matrix or by using the combination of slopes of individual lactation curves and expected daily breeding values.
Reductions in systolic blood pressure achieved by hypertensives with three isometric training sessions per week are maintained with a single session per week
Authors: Cohen Daniel D , Aroca‐Martinez Gustavo , Carreño‐Robayo Javier , Castañeda‐Hernández Alvaro , Herazo‐Beltran Yaneth , Camacho Paul A , Otero Johanna , Martinez‐Bello Daniel , Lopez‐Lopez Jose P , Lopez‐Jaramillo Patricio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIsometric handgrip or (wall) squat exercise performed three times per week produces reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) in adults with hypertension. We aimed to compare these interventions and the potential to retain benefits with one exercise session per week. We compared blood pressure changes following handgrip and squat isometric training interventions with controls in a randomized controlled multicentre trial in 77 unmedicated hypertensive (SBP ≥ 130 mmHg) adults. Exercise sessions were performed in the workplace and consisted of four repetitions—three sessions per week for the first 12 weeks (phase 1), and one session per week for the subsequent 12 weeks (phase 2). Office blood pressure (BP) was measured at baseline, post‐phase 1 and post‐phase 2. Post‐phase 1, mean reductions in SBP were significantly greater in handgrip (–11.2 mmHg, n = 28) and squat (–12.9 mmHg, n = 27) groups than in controls (–.4 mmHg; n = 22) but changes in DBP were not. There were no significant within‐group changes during phase 2 but SBP was 3.8 mmHg lower in the wall squat than the handgrip group—a small magnitude but clinically important difference. While both interventions produced significant SBP reductions, the wall squat appears to be more effective in maintaining benefits with a minimal training dose. The low time investment to achieve and retain clinically significant SBP reductions—42 and 12 min, respectively—and minimal cost, particularly of the wall squat, make it a promising intervention for delivery in public health settings.
Nocturnal hypoglycemia is underdiagnosed in older people with insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes: The HYPOAGE observational study
Authors: Boureau Anne‐Sophie , Guyomarch Béatrice , Gourdy Pierre , Allix Ingrid , Annweiler Cédric , Cervantes Nathalie , Chapelet Guillaume , Delabrière Isabelle , Guyonnet Sophie , Litke Rachel , Paccalin Marc , Penfornis Alfred , Saulnier Pierre‐Jean , Wargny Matthieu , Hadjadj Samy , de Decker Laure , Cariou Bertrand 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of real‐life data regarding the frequency and predictive factors of hypoglycemia in older patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to determine the frequency and predictors of hypoglycemia in older patients with insulin‐treated T2D.MethodsThis prospective multicenter study included 155 insulin‐treated T2D patients aged 75 years and older with ≥2 self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) daily controls. Participants underwent a geriatric and diabetic assessment and received ambulatory blinded continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for 28 consecutive days with FreeStyle Libre Pro® sensor. Study population (n = 141) has >70% CGM active time. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with SMBG confirmed hypoglycemia (≥70 mg/dL) and with nocturnal level 2 time below range (glucose concentration <54 mg/dL during ≥15 consecutive min between 0.00 and 6.00 am).ResultsThe mean age of the 141 analyzed patients was 81.5 ± 5.3 years and 56.7% were male. The mean baseline HbA1c was 7.9% ± 1.0%. After geriatric assessment, 102 participants (72.3%) were considered as complex and 39 (27.7%) as healthy. The primary endpoint (confirmed SMBG <70 mg/dL) occurred in 37.6% patients. In multivariable analysis, the risk of SMBG‐confirmed hypoglycemia was positively associated with a longer duration of diabetes (OR (+1 year) =1.04, (1.00–1.08), p = 0.04) and glycemic variability assessed by CGM (CV %) (OR (+1%) = 1.12, [1.05–1.19], p = <0.001). Nighty‐two patients (65.2%) experienced nocturnal time in hypoglycemia (i.e., <54 mg/dL during ≥15 consecutive min between midnight and 6 a.m.). In multivariable analyses, cognitive impairment (OR: 9.31 [2.59–33.4]), heart failure (OR: 4.81 [1;48–15.6]), and depressive disorder (OR: 0.19 [0.06–0.53]) were associated with nocturnal time in hypoglycemia.ConclusionNocturnal hypoglycemia is very common and largely underdiagnosed in older patients with insulin‐treated T2D. CGM is a promising tool to better identify hypoglycemia and adapt diabetes management in this population.