bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid Biopsies for Circulating Tumor DNA Detection May Reveal Occult Hematologic Malignancies in Patients With Solid Tumors
Authors: Aldea Mihaela , Tagliamento Marco , Bayle Arnaud , Vasseur Damien , Vergé Véronique , Marinello Arianna , Danlos François-Xavier , Blanc-Durand Felix , Bernard Elsa , Cerbone Luigi , Mosele Maria Fernanda , Renneville Aline , Hadoux Julien , Loriot Yohann , Sakkal Madona , Vozy Aurore , Sarkozy Clementine , Smolenschi Cristina , Nicotra Claudio , Martin-Romano Patricia , Boccon-Gibod Clementine , Habza Wafikaamira , Lazarovici Julien , Ponce Santiago , Hollebecque Antoine , Marzac Christophe , Lacroix Ludovic , Barlesi Fabrice , André Fabrice , Besse Benjamin , Rouleau Etienne , Italiano Antoine , Micol Jean-Baptiste 
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE High-risk clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is frequently incidentally found in patients with solid tumors undergoing plasma cell–free DNA sequencing. Here, we aimed to determine if the incidental detection of high-risk CH by liquid biopsy may reveal occult hematologic malignancies in patients with solid tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult patients with advanced solid cancers enrolled in the Gustave Roussy Cancer Profiling study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04932525 ) underwent at least one liquid biopsy (FoundationOne Liquid CDx). Molecular reports were discussed within the Gustave Roussy Molecular Tumor Board (MTB). Potential CH alterations were observed, and patients referred to hematology consultation in the case of pathogenic mutations in JAK2, MPL, or MYD88, irrespective of the variant allele frequency (VAF), or in DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1, IDH1, IDH2, SF3B1, or U2AF1 with VAF ≥ 10%, while also considering patient cancer-related prognosis. TP53 mutations were discussed case-by-case. RESULTS Between March and October 2021, 1,416 patients were included. One hundred ten patients (7.7%) carried at least one high-risk CH mutation: DNMT3A (n = 32), JAK2 (n = 28), TET2 (n = 19), ASXL1 (n = 18), SF3B1 (n = 5), IDH1 (n = 4), IDH2 (n = 3), MPL (n = 3), and U2AF1 (n = 2). The MTB advised for hematologic consultation in 45 patients. Overall, 9 patients of 18 actually addressed had confirmed hematologic malignancies that were occult in six patients: two patients had myelodysplastic syndrome, two essential thrombocythemia, one a marginal lymphoma, and one a Waldenström macroglobulinemia. The other three patients were already followed up in hematology. CONCLUSION The incidental findings of high-risk CH through liquid biopsy may trigger diagnostic hematologic tests and reveal an occult hematologic malignancy. Patients should have a multidisciplinary case-by-case evaluation.
The present value of human life losses associated with COVID-19 and likely cost savings from vaccination in Kenya
Authors: Kirigia Joses , Mwabu Germano , Muthuri Rose Nabi Deborah Karimi 
Published: March 2023

Background: The study estimates the total present value (TPVKENYA ) of human lives lost due to COVID-19, total indirect costs attributed to COVID-19 mortality, total direct costs of all COVID-19 cases, and projected cost savings due to COVID-19 vaccination as of 25 July 2022. Methods: We used a human capital approach (HKA) model to estimate TPVKENYA . The indirect cost of COVID-19 (ICi=1,..,6) for each of the six productive age groups equals the present value multiplied by the relevant employment-to-population ratio. The direct cost (DCi=1,..,4) for each of the four disease severity categories (asymptomatic, mild/moderate, severe, critical) is the product of the number of COVID-19 cases in a severity category and the average total direct cost per patient. The total direct cost saving equals the number of infections averted with vaccination multiplied by the average total direct cost per patient treated. The total indirect cost saving equals the number of COVID-19 deaths prevented with vaccination multiplied by the average total indirect cost per death. Results: The cumulative 5670 human life losses had a TPVKENYA of Int$268,408,687 and an average total present value of Int$47,338 per human life. A re-run of the HKA model with (a) discount rates of 5% and 10% reduced TPVKENYA by 16% and 39%, respectively; (b) Africa's highest life expectancy of 78.76 years and world's highest life expectancy of 88.17 years increased TPVKENYA by 79% and 129%, respectively; (c) excess mortality of 180,215 increased TPVKENYA by 3,078%. Total indirect and direct costs of COVID-19 were Int$36,833 per death and Int$1,648.2 per patient/case, respectively. The 30% target population's COVID-19 vaccination coverage may have saved Kenya a total cost of Int$ 1,400,945,809. Conclusions: The pandemic continues to erode Kenya's human health and economic development. However, scaling up COVID-19 vaccination coverage would save Kenya substantial direct and indirect costs.
Personality typologies of smokers and excessive drinkers: a cross-sectional survey of respondents in the BBC Lab UK Study
Authors: Perski Olga , Nikiel Astrid , Brown Jamie , Shahab Lion 
Published: March 2023

Background: Several personality traits have been linked to addictive behaviours, including smoking and excessive drinking. We hypothesised that the combination of low conscientiousness, high extraversion and high neuroticism would be synergistically associated with smoking, excessive drinking and both behaviours combined. Methods: Respondents aged 16+ years (N=363,454) were surveyed between 2009-2013 as part of the BBC Lab UK Study, with no restrictions on geographical location. Respondents provided information about sociodemographic characteristics, personality traits, and smoking and alcohol consumption. A series of multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: No significant three-way but significant two-way interactive effects were observed. The association of high extraversion with smoking was more pronounced in those with high (vs. low) conscientiousness (ORadj=1.51, 95% CI=1.46, 1.56, p<.001; ORadj=1.38, 95% CI=1.35, 1.42, p<.001). The association of high extraversion with excessive drinking was more pronounced in those with low (vs. high) conscientiousness (ORadj=1.70, 95% CI=1.67, 1.74, p<.001; ORadj=1.60, 95% CI=1.56, 1.63, p<.001). The association of high extraversion with both behaviours combined was more pronounced in those with high (vs. low) conscientiousness (ORadj=1.74, 95% CI=1.65, 1.83, p<.001; ORadj=1.62, 95% CI= 1.56, 1.68, p<.001). Results remained largely robust in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: In a large international survey, we identified two-way ‘personality typologies’ that are associated with greater odds of smoking, excessive drinking and both behaviours combined. The results may be useful for the tailoring of behaviour change interventions to at-risk individuals.
Uncertainty Quantification and Exploration for Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Zhu Yi , Dong Jing , Lam Henry 
Published: March 2023

Quantify the uncertainty to decide and explore better In statistical inference, large-sample behavior and confidence interval construction are fundamental in assessing the error and reliability of estimated quantities with respect to the data noises. In the paper “Uncertainty Quantification and Exploration for Reinforcement Learning”, Dong, Lam, and Zhu study the large sample behavior in the classic setting of reinforcement learning. They derive appropriate large-sample asymptotic distributions for the state-action value function (Q-value) and optimal value function estimations when data are collected from the underlying Markov chain. This allows one to evaluate the assertiveness of performances among different decisions. The tight uncertainty quantification also facilitates the development of a pure exploration policy by maximizing the worst-case relative discrepancy among the estimated Q-values (ratio of the mean squared difference to the variance). This exploration policy aims to collect informative training data to maximize the probability of learning the optimal reward collecting policy, and it achieves good empirical performance.
Cone contrast test-HD: sensitivity and specificity in red–green dichromacy and the impact of age
Authors: Iizuka Tatsuya , Kawamorita Takushi , Handa Tomoya , Ishikawa Hitoshi 
Published: March 2023

We report normative cone contrast sensitivity values, right–left eye agreement, and sensitivity and specificity values for the cone contrast test-HD (CCT-HD). We included 100 phakic eyes with color vision normal (CVN) and 20 dichromatic eyes (10 with protanopia and 10 with deuteranopia). The CCT-HD was used to measure L, M, and S-CCT-HD scores, and the right and left eyes were evaluated for agreement using Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Bland–Altman analysis to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of the CCT-HD based on diagnosis with an anomaloscope device. All cone types were in moderate agreement with the CCC (L-cone: 0.92, 95% CI, 0.86–0.95; M-cone: 0.91, 95% CI, 0.84–0.94; S-cone: 0.93, 95% CI, 0.88–0.96), whereas the Bland–Altman plots showed that the majority of cases (L-cone: 94%; M-cone: 92%; S-cone: 92%) fell within the 95% limits of agreement and showed good agreement. The mean±standard error L, M, and S-CCT-HD scores for protanopia were 0.6±1.4, 74.7±2.7, and 94.6±2.4, respectively; for deuteranopia, these were 84.0±3.4, 40.8±3.3, and 93.0±5.8, respectively; and for age-matched CVN eyes (mean±standard deviation age, 53.1±5.8 years; age range, 45–64 years), these were 98.5±3.4, 94.8±3.8, and 92.3±3.4, respectively, with significant differences between the groups except for S-CCT-HD score (Bonferroni corrected α=0.0167, p<0.0167). The sensitivity and specificity of the CCT-HD were 100% for protan and deutan in diagnosing abnormal types in those aged 20 to 64 years; however, the specificity decreased to 65% for protan and 55% for deutan in those aged >65 years. The CCT-HD is comparable to the diagnostic performance of the anomaloscope in the 20–64-year-old age group. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously in those ≥65 years, as these patients are more susceptible to acquired color vision deficiencies due to yellowing of the crystalline lens and other factors.
Synchronization and coexistence in quantum networks
Authors: Burenkov Ivan A. , Semionov Alexandra , Hala  , Gerrits Thomas , Rahmouni Anouar , Anand DJ , Li-Baboud Ya-Shian , Slattery Oliver , Battou Abdella , Polyakov Sergey V. 
Published: March 2023

We investigate the coexistence of clock synchronization protocols with quantum signals in a common single-mode optical fiber. By measuring optical noise between 1500 nm to 1620 nm we demonstrate a potential for up to 100 quantum, 100 GHz wide channels coexisting with the classical synchronization signals. Both “White Rabbit” and pulsed laser-based synchronization protocols were characterized and compared. We establish a theoretical limit of the fiber link length for coexisting quantum and classical channels. The maximal fiber length is below approximately 100 km for off-the-shelf optical transceivers and can be significantly improved by taking advantage of quantum receivers.
Der Wandel von Vertrauen in eine digitale Identität? – Einblicke in eine Nutzerstudie
Authors: Kostic Sandra , Poikela Maija 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungAusweisdokumente ermögliche es Personen vor Ort eindeutig zu identifizieren. Um bestimmte online Dienste wahrzunehmen zu können, bedarf es auch einer Identifikation im Internet. Hierfür wird eine digitale Identität benötigt.Dieser Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse von zwei Studien mit Nutzenden (mit jeweils 16 und 12 Teilnehmenden) vor, die auf einem neu entwickelten Konzept einer sogenannten Identity Wallet basieren. Dieses Konzept veranschaulicht, wie Nutzende selbstständig diverse digitale Identitäten, sowohl hoheitliche wie der Personalausweis als auch nicht-hoheitliche wie der Bibliotheksausweis, in einer einzigen App speichern. Somit ist es den Nutzenden möglich ihre Identität mit einer einzigen App bei Dienstanbietern mit unterschiedlichsten Anforderungen an das Ausweisdokument nachzuweisen. Neben der Speicherung von Ausweisen oder auch Nachweisdokumenten, zeigt dieses Identity Wallet Konzept ebenso die Option auf Schlüssel (Fahrzeugschlüssel, Hotelzimmer, etc.) in derselben App zu hinterlegen.Das Konzept wurde 2020 ausgearbeitet und mit 16 Studienteilnehmenden getestet, um nicht nur die Einsatzbereitschaft der Nutzenden, sondern auch das Vertrauen in solch ein Konzept zu evaluieren. Die Teilnehmenden waren offen für den Einsatz der Wallet und vom Konzept überzeugt. In Bezug auf das Thema Vertrauen wiesen die Ergebnisse der Studie daraufhin, dass der Anbieter der Wallet Anwendung Einfluss darauf nimmt, inwieweit Nutzende beschließen, der Anwendung zu vertrauen. Etwa die Hälfte der Teilnehmenden bevorzugten den Staat als Betreiber der Wallet, während die übrigen Teilnehmenden ein privates Unternehmen präferierten.Ein überarbeitetes Konzept der Identity Wallet wurde 2022 erneut mit 12 Studienteilnehmenden getestet. Auch hier wurde die Frage der Einsatzbereitschaft der Nutzenden sowie des Vertrauens evaluiert. Die Studienteilnehmenden zeigten weiterhin eine große Bereitschaft zum Einsatz der Wallet. Allerdings veränderten sich die Ergebnisse zum Thema Vertrauen. Sie weisen darauf hin, dass nur eine Person ein privates Unternehmen als Betreiber der Wallet bevorzugt, während die übrigen Teilnehmenden den Staat favorisieren.
Predictors of post-stroke cognitive impairment at three-month following first episode of stroke among patients attended at tertiary hospitals in Dodoma, central Tanzania: A protocol of a prospective longitudinal observational study metadata
Authors: Baraka Alphonce , Meda John , Nyundo Azan 
Published: March 2023

Introduction
Neurocognitive deficits after stroke are a common manifestation and pose a significant impact on the quality of life for patients and families; however, little attention is given to the burden and associated impact of cognitive impairment following stroke. The study aims to determine the prevalence and predictors of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) among adult stroke patients admitted to tertiary hospitals in Dodoma, Tanzania.

Methodology
A prospective longitudinal study is conducted at tertiary hospitals in the Dodoma region, central Tanzania. Participants with the first stroke confirmed by CT/MRI brain aged ≥ 18 years who meet the inclusion criteria are enrolled and followed up. Baseline socio-demographic and clinical factors are identified during admission, while other clinical variables are determined during the three-month follow-up period. Descriptive statistics are used to summarize data; continuous data will be reported as Mean (SD) or Median (IQR), and categorical data will be summarized using proportions and frequencies. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis will be used to determine predictors of PSCI.
Do verbal coaching cues and analogies affect motor skill performance in youth populations?
Authors: Moran Jason , Hammami Raouf , Butson Joshua , Allen Matt , Mahmoudi Abdelkader , Vali Norodin , Lewis Ieuan , Samuel Phil , Davies Mike , Earle James , Klabunde Megan , Sandercock Gavin 
Published: March 2023

PurposeThe way coaching cues are worded can impact on the quality with which a subsequent motor skill is executed. However, there have been few investigations on the effect of coaching cues on basic motor skill performance in youths.MethodAcross several international locations, a series of experiments were undertaken to determine the effect of external coaching cues (EC), internal coaching cues (IC), analogies with a directional component (ADC) and neutral control cues on sprint time (20 m) and vertical jump height in youth performers. These data were combined using internal meta-analytical techniques to pool results across each test location. This approach was amalgamated with a repeated-measures analysis to determine if there were any differences between the ECs, ICs and ADCs within the different experiments.Results173 participants took part. There were no differences between the neutral control and experimental cues in any of the internal meta-analyses except where the control was superior to the IC for vertical jump (d = -0.30, [-0.54, -0.05], p = 0.02). Just three of eleven repeated-measures analyses showed significant differences between the cues at each experimental location. Where significant differences were noted, the control cue was most effective with some limited evidence supporting the use of ADCs (d = 0.32 to 0.62).ConclusionThese results suggest the type of cue or analogy provided to a youth performer has little subsequent effect on sprint or jump performance. Accordingly, coaches might take a more specific approach that is suited to the level or preferences of a particular individual.
Radiation-induced alterations in multi-layered, in-vitro skin models detected by optical coherence tomography and histological methods
Authors: Bromberger Luisa , Heise Bettina , Felbermayer Karoline , Leiss-Holzinger Elisabeth , Ilicic Katarina , Schmid Thomas Ernst , Bergmayr Alexandra , Etzelstorfer Tanja , Geinitz Hans 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundInflammatory skin reactions and skin alterations are still a potential side effect in radiation therapy (RT), which also need attention for patients’ health care.MethodIn a pre-clinical study we consider alterations in irradiated in-vitro skin models of epidermal and dermal layers. Typical dose regimes in radiation therapy are applied for irradiation. For non-invasive imaging and characterization optical coherence tomography (OCT) is used. Histological staining method is additionally applied for comparison and discussion.ResultsStructural features, such as keratinization, modifications in epidermal cell layer thickness and disorder in the layering—as indications for reactions to ionizing radiation and aging—could be observed by means of OCT and confirmed by histology. We were able to recognize known RT induced changes such as hyper-keratosis, acantholysis, and epidermal hyperplasia as well as disruption and/or demarcation of the dermo-epidermal junction.ConclusionThe results may pave the way for OCT to be considered as a possible adjunctive tool to detect and monitor early skin inflammation and side effects of radiotherapy, thus supporting patient healthcare in the future.
Choice behavior in autistic adults: What drives the extreme switching phenomenon?
Authors: Zeif Dana , Yakobi Ofir , Yechiam Eldad 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundPrevious studies reported that autistic adolescents and adults tend to exhibit extensive choice switching in repeated experiential tasks. However, a recent meta-analysis showed that this switching effect was non-significant across studies. Furthermore, the relevant psychological mechanisms remain unclear. We examined the robustness of the extreme choice-switching phenomenon, and whether it is driven by a learning impairment, feedback-related aspects (e.g., avoiding losses), or alternatively a different information sampling strategy.MethodsWe recruited an online sample of 114 US participants (57 autistic adults and 57 non-autistic). All participants performed the Iowa Gambling task, a four-option repeated choice task. Standard task blocks were followed by a trial block with no feedback.ResultsThe findings replicate the extreme choice switching phenomenon (Cohen’sd= 0.48). Furthermore, the effect was found with no difference in average choice rates denoting no learning impairment, and was even observed in trial blocks with no feedback (d= 0.52). There was no evidence that the switching strategy of autistic individuals was more perseverative (i.e., that similar switching rates were used in subsequent trial blocks). When adding the current dataset to the meta-analysis, the choice switching phenomenon is significant across studies,d= 0.32.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the increased choice switching phenomenon in autism may be robust and that it represents a distinct information sampling strategy and not poor implicit learning (or a bias in the sensitivity to losses). Such extended sampling may underlie some of the phenomena previously attributed to poor learning.
10-year follow-up study on medical expenses and medical care use according to biological age: National Health Insurance Service Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HealS 2002~2019)
Authors: Bae Chul-young , Kim Bo-seon , Cho Kyung-hee , Kim In-hee , Kim Jeong-hoon , Kim Ji-hyun 
Published: March 2023

Objectives
The world is witnessing a sharp increase in its elderly population, accelerated by longer life expectancy and lower birth rates, which in turn imposes enormous medical burden on society. Although numerous studies have predicted medical expenses based on region, gender, and chronological age (CA), any attempt has rarely been made to utilize biological age (BA)—an indicator of health and aging—to ascertain and predict factors related to medical expenses and medical care use. Thus, this study employs BA to predict factors that affect medical expenses and medical care use.

Materials and methods
Referring to the health screening cohort database of the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS), this study targeted 276,723 adults who underwent health check-ups in 2009−2010 and kept track of the data on their medical expenses and medical care use up to 2019. The average follow-up period is 9.12 years. Twelve clinical indicators were used to measure BA, while the total annual medical expenses, total annual number of outpatient days, total annual number of days in hospital, and average annual increases in medical expenses were used as the variables for medical expenses and medical care use. For statistical analysis, this study employed Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis.

Results
Regression analysis of the differences between corrected biological age (cBA) and CA exhibited statistically significant increases (p<0.05) in all the variables of the total annual medical expenses, total annual number of outpatient days, total annual number of days in hospital, and average annual increases in medical expenses.

Conclusions
This study quantified decreases in the variables for medical expenses and medical care use based on improved BA, thereby motivating people to become more health-conscious. In particular, this study is significant in that it is the first of its kind to predict medical expenses and medical care use through BA.