bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating status-neutral and targeted HIV testing in Zimbabwe: A complementary strategy
Authors: D. Mugauri Hamufare , Mugurungi Owen , Chirenda Joconiah , Takarinda Kudakwashe , Mangwiro Prosper , Tshimanga Mufuta 
Published: February 2025

Introduction
Zimbabwe exclusively implemented targeted HIV testing until 2022 when Status-neutral testing was embraced. Whilst targeted testing aims to expand access and uptake of testing among high-risk individuals, status-neutral testing emphasizes post-test linkage to prevention and treatment services. To address how the two concepts relate in practice, we explored how status-neutral and targeted testing concepts correlate, in developing a double-edged strategy for effective case identification and linkage to prevention and treatment.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study on 36 multi-stage sampled sites across 4/10 provinces of Zimbabwe. A national screening algorithm was used to determine patient risk profiling and eligibility for testing. Screened-out patients were offered HIVST. Both screened and non-screened patients were tested and analysed for positivity ratios and linkage to post-test services. Epicollect5 was used to collect data and analysed using EpiData software and Stata. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted at a 5% significance level.

Results
Of 23,058 HIV tests done, females constituted 55% (n = 12,698), whilst 63.5% (n = 14,650) were retested. Through screening, at-risk patients contributed 75.1% to the overall positivity (1,296/1,727), from 66% (n = 15,289) of the total HIV tests conducted. All screened-out patients were non-reactive on HIVST: 1,182/1,182. The 45–49-year category was 3.6 times more likely to test positive (a95%CI:2.67,4.90). Males were 3.09 times more likely to test positive in adjusted analysis (a95%CI: 2.74, 3.49). First tests were 65% more likely to test HIV positive (a95%CI: 1.43, 1.91) whilst screened patients were 3.89 times more likely to link to HIV prevention services (a95%CI: 3.05, 4.97), against 25.5% (n = 1,871) linkage among patients not screened.

Conclusion
The complementarity of the status-neutral and targeted testing approaches is evident from our results. By prioritizing high-risk individuals for testing and ensuring comprehensive linkage to both prevention and treatment services, these integrated strategies can effectively identify and manage people living with HIV. This combined approach optimizes resource use, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, and contributes to improved health outcomes and reduced HIV transmission rates.
Delayed hepatic response and impaired cytokine dynamics in aged mice following burn injury: Implications for elderly patient care
Authors: Muro Israel , Qualman Andrea C. , Meza Monge Kenneth , Pratap Akshay , Kovacs Elizabeth J. , Idrovo Juan-Pablo 
Published: February 2025

Introduction
Burn injuries in elderly patients result in higher morbidity and mortality compared to younger individuals. This study investigates age-related differences in inflammatory hepatic responses to burn injuries.

Method
Young (8–10 weeks) and aged (20-21 months) female C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a 15% total body surface area burn or sham injury. Serum and liver samples collected at 3, 6-, 9-, 12-, and 24-hours post-injury were analyzed for serum amyloid A (SAA) levels, SAA1 and SAA2 hepatic gene expression, serum cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10), and hepatic STAT3 activation.

Results
Aged mice showed a delayed and dysregulated response. In young mice, SAA levels rose significantly at 6 hours postburn (5.09 ±  0.2-fold), while in aged mice, SAA increased at 12 hours (39.1 ±  2.06-fold), p <  0.01. Hepatic expression of SAA1 and SAA2 also peaked early in young mice (8.357 ±  1.257-fold and 5.91 ±  0.664-fold at 3 hours) but was delayed until 12 hours in aged mice. Young mice demonstrated early IL-6 peaks at 3 hours (990 ±  83.2 pg/ml), while aged mice reached a delayed, higher IL-6 peak at 24 hours (3804 ±  1408 pg/ml, p <  0.05). Similar age-related delays occurred for IL-1β and TNF-α. Aged mice had significantly elevated IL-10 at 6 hours (993.9 ±  99.41 pg/ml vs. 67.69 ±  6.635 pg/ml in young, p <  0.001). STAT3 activation peaked at 3 hours in young mice (2.686 ±  0.226-fold) but was delayed until 24 hours in aged mice (0.5958 ±  0.0368-fold, p <  0.05).

Conclusions
This study identifies age-related variations in inflammatory markers and acute hepatic responses to burn injuries, with aged mice showing delayed and reduced inflammatory responses compared to younger counterparts. These findings underscore the importance of age-specific strategies in burn injury management to enhance outcomes for elderly burn patients.
Effectiveness of a school-based physical activity intervention on overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Pakistan
Authors: Tanveer Moazzam , Asghar Ejaz , Badicu Georgian , Batrakoulis Alexios , Tanveer Umar , Brand Serge , de Sousa Fernandes Matheus Santos , Ardigò Luca Paolo 
Published: February 2025

Background
Childhood obesity poses a significant public health challenge, yet effective school-based physical activity (PA) interventions remain scarce, especially in Pakistan. There is a lack of data assessing the impact of such interventions on obesity and related health outcomes in Pakistani school children.

Methods
This study aimed to design and implement a school-based intervention targeting multiple levels of the socio-ecological model to increase physical activity and reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Pakistani youth. Conducted from October 2022 to January 2023 in Lahore, Pakistan, the 12-week, non-randomized controlled trial involved 1,200 students from eight schools, with four schools (n = 570) in the intervention group and four (n = 630) in the control group. Primary outcomes included changes in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and the prevalence of overweight/obesity, measured through anthropometric assessments. Secondary outcomes involved alterations in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity duration. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, general linear mixed models, and repeated measures ANOVA were used for analysis.

Results
The intervention showed significant improvements across various socio-ecological levels. Intrapersonal factors saw a reduction in fast food consumption from 11.9% to 7.9% (F(1,1198) = 90.39, p < 0.001; η² = 0.074) and an increase in physical activity frequency from 11.9% to 39.6% (F(1,1198) = 465.25, p < 0.001; η² = 0.028). Screen time decreased from 27.0% to 7.4% (F(1,1198) = 219.83, p = 0.015; η² = 0.15), and normal sleep duration increased from 44.6% to 71.8% (F(1,1198) = 242.73, p < 0.001; η² = 0.16). At the interpersonal level, parental involvement in encouraging sports and providing financial support for sports activities significantly increased. School-level factors also showed positive changes, including improved sports facilities and equipment access. Community-level factors revealed increased opportunities for physical activity and a more supportive community environment. The intervention group’s BMI change (−0.06 ± 0.07 kg·m²) significantly differed from the control group’s (0.19 ± 0.09 kg·m²).

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a multi-level intervention in boosting physical activity and addressing obesity among Pakistani school-aged children, supporting the implementation of similar school-based interventions.
The alteration of uterine microbiota participated in the activation of the decidual inflammatory response in early spontaneous abortion
Authors: Liu Ping , Chen Ge , Zhao Shitong , Kong Linglingli , Liao Xin , Cheng Meng 
Published: February 2025

Background
Early spontaneous abortion (ESA) is one of the most common clinically recognized pregnancy complications. While multiple factors such as embryo abnormalities and maternal conditions may contribute to ESA, early identification and screening of maternal risk factors are increasingly important to explore the potential etiologies and improve prevention and treatment strategies for ESA. This study investigates the changes in uterine microbiota and the decidual immune response in ESA patients without embryo abnormalities.

Methods
ESA patients without embryo abnormality and artificial abortion (AA) controls were enrolled for clinical characteristics analysis. The decidual endometrium was subsequently collected for histological evaluation and inflammatory indicator detection. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of uterine secretions was performed to investigate the differences in uterine microorganisms between the ESA and AA groups.

Results
Clinical analysis showed higher inflammatory response with elevated neutrophil counts in ESA patients. The increase in leukocytes, including neutrophils, was positively correlated with ESA. ESA patients presented significantly increased IL-1β expression in decidual stromal cells. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed greater diversity in the uterine microbiota of the ESA group, which presented decreased Lactobacillus abundance and increased abundance of other bacteria at the genus and species levels.

Conclusions
Changes in the uterine microbiome are likely related to inflammatory response and lead to early pregnancy loss.
Enrichment of rare CFTR variants in Finnish patients with congenital chloride diarrhea
Authors: Wedenoja Satu , Ritari Jarmo , Partanen Jukka , Kere Juha , Kolho Kaija-Leena 
Published: February 2025

Objective
The autosomal recessive disease congenital chloride diarrhea (CLD), caused by loss-of-function mutations in the solute carrier family 26 member 3 (SLC26A3) gene, shows association with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, it is unclear whether IBD risk is associated with genetic or immune signatures. SLC26A3 interacts with several ion transporters linked to intestinal inflammation, such as cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and solute carrier family 9 member 3 (SLC9A3) causing congenital sodium diarrhea. We hypothesized that other epithelial channels affecting intestinal salt balance might modulate CLD phenotype or IBD risk.

Materials and methods
We analyzed 495 gene variants within 33 ion transporters among 28 patients with CLD and 44,443 population controls.

Results
We found three intronic variants at or near the CFTR locus (rs17132543, rs2283054 and rs76622533) showing statistically significant (P < 1.42x10-5) associations with CLD.

Conclusions
These data demonstrate enrichment of rare variants at the CFTR locus in chromosomes harboring the Finnish founder mutation for CLD.
Histomorphology of placentae of women with sickle cell disease during pregnancy – A case control study
Authors: Mumuni Mohammed , Adutwum-Ofosu Kevin Kofi , Arko-Boham Benjamin , Hottor Bismarck Afedo , Koney Nii Koney-Kwaku , Adu-Bonsaffoh Kwame , Oppong Samuel Antwi , Appiah Peter Ofori , Ahenkorah John 
Published: February 2025

Background
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is known to exert multifaceted effects on pregnancy, potentially influencing placental structure and function.

Aim
Our aim was to utilize stereology as a precise analytical tool to evaluate the histo-morphologic and functional changes in term placentae of women with SCD against those of non-SCD women.

Method
A case control study was conducted at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital’s labour unit and included 38 pregnant women, comprising 19 cases and 19 controls. Placenta samples were paired and matched with gestational age and taken at term (38 weeks + 2 weeks). Tissue sections were prepared, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and volume densities of syncytial knots, foetal capillaries, syncytial denuded areas, and intervillous spaces estimated by stereological methods. Statistical analysis was performed to compare mean values between the SCD and control groups.

Results
Among the study participants with SCD, 13.16% (5) had sickle cell haemoglobin S (HbSS), 34.21% (13) had haemoglobin C (HbSC) and 2.63% (1) had β-thalassemia (HbS). On stereological assessment, there were statistically significant differences in mean volume densities of syncytial knots (p = < 0.0034), foetal capillaries (p = < 0.0001), syncytial denudations (p = < 0.0028), and intervillous space (p = < 0.0113) between term placentae of women with SCD and those without SCD.

Conclusion
SCD placentae may result in a substantial increase in syncytial knot formation, possibly because of hypermaturation of the chorionic villi, significant increase in foetal capillaries potentially due to the hypoxic nature of the SCD placentae, syncytial denuded areas as a result of alteration of the placental syncytium and reduced intervillous spaces which may be due to villous congestion. These findings suggest the need for heightened monitoring of placental function and fetal well-being in pregnancies complicated by SCD to reduce adverse perinatal outcomes.
The effect of labour hopscotch framework on maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Askari Saeedeh , Iravani Mina , Abedi Parvin , Cheraghian Bahman , Mohammadi Eesa , Jahanfar Shayesteh 
Published: February 2025

The Labour Hopscotch Framework (LHF) is a practical tool designed for women to use with the support of their birthing partners throughout labor and birth. It was specifically developed to help midwives support women in achieving a physiological birth. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of the LHF on maternal and neonatal outcomes. The study took place from March 2023 to October 2023 in Ahvaz, Iran. A total of 124 primiparous women with full-term pregnancies were recruited and randomly allocated to either the intervention or control group. Eligible participants for the study included women who were 18 years of age or older, had cephalopelvic proportions within normal limits, were carrying low-risk singleton pregnancies, and had attended childbirth education classes. Women were excluded if they had contraindications for vaginal birth, were carrying a fetus with abnormalities, or had medical conditions that could complicate childbirth. Birth mode, average duration of the labor phases, maternal and neonatal outcomes, and overall childbirth satisfaction were assessed as outcomes.
Women who used the LHF experienced shorter labor durations compared to the control group (d =  -1.3 min, 95% CI: -1.6 to -0.8). Women using the LHF were 10.3 times more likely to experience a vaginal birth (OR =  10.3, 95% CI: 1.3-88.5, p = 0.030). Women in the LHF group initiated breastfeeding earlier than those in the control group (OR = 20.4, 95% CI:7.7-53.3, p < 0.001), but no difference between the two groups for exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.496). Two groups did not show any significant difference in neonatal outcomes. The mean satisfaction score was higher among women with LHF compared to women in the control group (d = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.8 to 2.8), p < 0.001). The LHF can increase the rate of physiological births and reduce the duration of the labor phases. Also, women were more satisfied with their birth experiences.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov IRCT20161106030750N2
Revisiting CPSF30-mediated alternative polyadenylation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Hao Guijie , Zhou Lichun , Liu Huazhen , Kachroo Pradeep , Hunt Arthur G. 
Published: February 2025

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is an important contributor to the regulation of gene expression in plants. One subunit of the complex that cleaves and polyadenylates mRNAs in the nucleus, CPSF30 (for the 30 kD subunit of the mammalian Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor), has been implicated in a wide-ranging network of regulatory events. CPSF30 plays roles in root development, flowering time, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. CPSF30 also is a conduit that links cellular signaling and RNA modification with alternative RNA processing events and transcriptional dynamics. While much is known about CPSF30 and its roles in plants, questions remain regarding the connections between CPSF30-mediated APA and the downstream events that lead to specific phenotypic outcomes. To address these, we conducted a detailed analysis of poly(A) site usage in the CPSF30 mutant. Our results corroborate earlier reports that link CPSF30 with a distinctive cis element (AAUAAA) that is present 10-30 nts upstream of some, but not all, plant pre-mRNAs. Interestingly, our results reveal a distinctive shift in poly(A) site in mutants deficient in CPSF30, resulting in cleavage and polyadenylation at the location of motifs similar to AAUAAA. Importantly, CPSF30-associated APA had at best a small impact on mRNA functionality. These results necessitate the formulation of new hypotheses for mechanisms by which CPSF30-mediated APA influences physiological processes.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant genomic variation associations with immune evasion in Northern California: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nugent Joshua R. , Wood Mariah S. , Liu Liyan , Bullick Teal , Schapiro Jeffrey M. , Arunleung Phacharee , Gautham Gautham , Getabecha Shiffen , Morales Christina , Amsden Laura B. , Hsiao Crystal A. , Wadford Debra A. , Wyman Stacia K. , Skarbinski Jacek 
Published: February 2025

Background
The possibility of association between SARS-CoV-2 genomic variation and immune evasion is not known among persons with Omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods
In a retrospective cohort, using Poisson regression adjusting for sociodemographic variables and month of infection, we examined associations between individual non-lineage defining mutations and SARS-CoV-2 immunity status, defined as a) no prior recorded infection, b) not vaccinated but with at least one prior recorded infection, c) complete primary series vaccination, and/or d) primary series vaccination and ≥1 booster. We identified all non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions and deletions in SARS-CoV-2 genomes with ≥5% allelic frequency and population frequency of ≥5% and ≤95%. We also examined correlations between the presence of SNPs with each other, with subvariants, and over time.

Results
Seventy-nine mutations met inclusion criteria. Among 15,566 persons infected with Omicron SARS-CoV-2, 1,825 (12%) were unvaccinated with no prior recorded infection, 360 (2%) were unvaccinated with a recorded prior infection, 13,381 (86%) had a complete primary series vaccination, and 9,172 (58%) had at least one booster. After examining correlation between SNPs, 79 individual non-lineage defining mutations were organized into 38 groups. After correction for multiple testing, no individual SNPs or SNP groups were significantly associated with immunity status levels.

Conclusions
Genomic variation identified within SARS-CoV-2 Omicron specimens was not significantly associated with immunity status, suggesting that contribution of non-lineage defining SNPs to immune evasion is minimal. Larger-scale surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 genomes linked with clinical data can help provide information to inform future vaccine development.
Message framing materials applied to healthy eating decision-making for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: An exploratory study
Authors: Han Xia , Xu Nuo , Chen Sijing , Zhang Jingjing , Gu Ping 
Published: February 2025

Aims
To develop and initially validate message framing materials for promoting healthy dietary decisions in GDM populations.

Methods
The Delphi survey involved 17 experts, and consensus was obtained after two rounds. In Pre-survey I, 30 participants randomly selected one material (gain framing vs. loss framing) and complete a manipulation check item to ensure that the stimulus material manipulation was valid. Pre-survey II involved 60 participants who rated all messages using a Likert 5 rating questionnaire, a Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was used to examine the message framing effects.

Results
After two rounds of Delphi surveys, experts reached consensus on the final materials, which contained two message framings, each containing 11 entries. The manipulation test for materials achieved 100% validity. The findings indicated significant message framing effects on healthy eating decisions among GDM populations, with loss-framed messages proving more persuasive.

Conclusion
Scientifically valid message framing materials were developed and initially applied, providing an empirical basis and direction for future related research.
Erratum for "Resisting Alternative Images"
Authors: Editorial Team Cultural Anthropology 
Published: February 2025

Leaha, Mihai Andrei, and Roger Canals. 2024. “Resisting Alternative Images: An Ethnography of Visual Disinformation in Brazil.” Cultural Anthropology 39, no. 4: 533–563. https://doi.org/10.14506/ca39.4.03.
The authors have identified the following error in the published article:
On p. 534 and on p. 535 in the caption for Figure 3, the correct date of the invasion of the Brazilian Congress is January 8, 2023.
What Do Science and Historical Denialists Deny – If Any – When Addressing Certainties in Wittgenstein’s Sense?
Authors: Ariso Jose Maria 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this article, I show that, when denialists attempt to deny a certainty in Wittgenstein’s sense, they do not even deny anything at all because they are articulating mere nonsense. To clarify this point, I start by providing a brief introduction to Wittgenstein’s conception of “certainty,” paying particular attention not only to the distinction between seeming and genuine doubt, but also to the nonsense generated when violating a certainty. Then, I analyze why we cannot even understand denialists when they try to deny certainties about the existence of the Holocaust and the sphericity of Earth. To this end, I consider the consequences of delegitimizing research procedures, regarding the case of doubt as the normal case, and formulating the denialist doubt through words whose use is incompatible with such doubt. Subsequently, I describe the main tactics used by denialists to try to substitute scientific certainties with alternative ones. Lastly, although denialism concerning certainties cannot even be refuted because it is nonsense, I propose to make deniers as well as the general public aware of such nonsense by asking questions that revolve around incongruences such as those I have previously noted concerning Holocaust denialism and the flat-Earth “theory.”
Analysis of Software Requirement Specification and Use Case Diagram of Metaverse Museum Muhammadiyah
Authors: Umar Rusydi , Robiin Bambang , Erviana Vera Yuli , Taruna Muhammad Iqbal , Kurniawan Afan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article presents a detailed analysis of the Software Requirement Specification (SRS) and Use Case Diagram for the Metaverse Museum Muhammadiyah, a virtual museum platform designed to offer an immersive and interactive user experience. The study aims to assess the alignment between the functional requirements defined in the SRS and their representation in the Use Case Diagram, ensuring that all critical functionalities are accurately captured and adequately addressed in the system design. The analysis identifies key functional requirements such as user navigation, interaction, content management, and customization features, evaluating their presence and clarity within the Use Case Diagram. Additionally, the study examines the non-functional requirements, including availability, portability, response time, safety, security, and ergonomic design, highlighting their importance in delivering a reliable and user-friendly system. The findings reveal a strong correlation between the SRS and the Use Case Diagram, with most functionalities well-represented. However, the analysis also uncovers certain gaps such as the omission of features like link sharing which require further refinement in the diagram. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for continuous improvement in both the SRS and Use Case Diagram to ensure comprehensive coverage of user needs and to meet the high standards expected in a metaverse environment. This analysis serves as a critical step in guiding the successful development and implementation of the Metaverse Museum Muhammadiyah.