bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptance of Public Health Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Swiss Population’s Beliefs, Attitudes, Trust, and Information-Seeking Behavior
Authors: Fiordelli Maddalena , Rubinelli Sara , Diviani Nicola 
Published: June 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to advance the understanding of the factors associated with population acceptance of public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: In January 2022, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of the Swiss population (N = 2,587). Questionnaires were administered through computer-assisted web interviewing. Measures covered included information-seeking behavior, attitudes towards and beliefs about public health measures enacted, and trust in institutions.Results: Television and newspapers were the most used information sources. Those with higher education levels were more likely to use channels from public institutions, newspapers, and television. The most important criterion for reliable information was scientific evidence. Trust was highest for doctors, healthcare workers, universities, research institutes, and public health institutions. Acceptance of public health measures was high overall, and attitudes, beliefs, information-seeking behavior, and trust were positively related to acceptance. Trust in science remained stable, while trust in public health institutions decreased slightly.Conclusion: While nurturing a two-way dialogue with the population, institutions should target communication considering age and culture, improve risk communication, ground messages in scientific evidence, and ensure mass media presence.
Exploring the Potential Role of ADAM 17 and ADAM 22 in the Etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Al-Mazidi Sarah H. , El-Ansary Afaf , Abualnaja Amani , AlZarroug Abdullah , Alharbi Turki , Al-Ayadhi Laila Y. 
Published: June 2023

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses a group of disorders characterized by difficulties with social interaction and repetitive behavior. The condition is supposed to originate from early shifts in brain development, while the underlying processes are unknown. Moreover, a considerable number of patients with ASD experience digestive difficulties. Metalloproteases (ADAMs) are a class of enzymes capable of cleaving membrane-bound proteins. Members of this family, ADAM17 and ADAM22, have the ability to cleave proteins like the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-ά and glutamate synaptic molecules, which are both engaged in neuro-inflammation and glutamate excitotoxicity as crucial etiological mechanisms in ASD. ADAM17 and ADAM22 may also have a role in ASD microbiota–gut–brain axis connections by regulating immunological and inflammatory responses in the intestinal tract. Subjects and Methods: Using ELISA kits, the plasma levels of ADAM17 and ADAM22 were compared in 40 children with ASD and 40 typically developing children. All of the autistic participants’ childhood autism rating scores (CARS), social responsiveness scales (SRS), and short sensory profiles (SSP) were evaluated as indicators of ASD severity. Results: Our results showed that plasma levels of ADAM17 were significantly lower in ASD children than in control children, while ADAM22 demonstrated non-significantly lower levels. Our data also indicate that while ADAM17 correlates significantly with age, ADAM22 correlates significantly with CARS as a marker of ASD severity. Conclusions: Our interpreted data showed that alteration in ADAM17 and ADAM22 might be associated with glutamate excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and altered gut microbiota as etiological mechanisms of ASD and could be an indicator of the severity of the disorder.
Artemisia arborescens and Artemisia inculta from Crete; Secondary Metabolites, Trace Metals and In Vitro Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Lantzouraki Dimitra Z. , Amerikanou Charalampia , Karavoltsos Sotirios , Kafourou Vasiliki , Sakellari Aikaterini , Tagkouli Dimitra , Zoumpoulakis Panagiotis , Makris Dimitris P. , Kalogeropoulos Nick , Kaliora Andriana C. 
Published: June 2023

Background: Currently, the use of medicinal plants has increased. Artemisia species have been used in several applications, including medicinal use and uses in cosmetics, foods and beverages. Artemisia arborescens L. and Artemisia inculta are part of the Mediterranean diet in the form of aqueous infusions. Herein, we aimed to compare the secondary metabolites of the decoctions and two different extracts (methanolic and aqueous-glycerolic) of these two species, as well as their antioxidant capacity and trace metal levels. Methods: Total phenolic, total flavonoid, total terpenes, total hydroxycinnamate, total flavonol, total anthocyanin contents and antioxidant/antiradical activity were determined, and GC/MS analysis was applied to identify and quantify phenolics and terpenoids. Trace metals were quantified with ICP-MS. Results: Aqueous-glycerolic extracts demonstrated higher levels of total secondary metabolites, greater antioxidant potential and higher terpenoid levels than decoctions and methanolic extracts. Subsequently, the aqueous-glycerolic extract of a particularly high phenolic content was further analyzed applying targeted LC-MS/MS as the most appropriate analytic tool for the determination of the phenolic profile. Overall, twenty-two metabolites were identified. The potential contribution of infusions consumption to metal intake was additionally evaluated, and did not exceed the recommended daily intake. Conclusions: Our results support the use of these two species in several food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical applications.
Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Piper tuberculatum Jacq. Fruits against Multidrug-Resistant Strains: Inhibition of Efflux Pumps and β-Lactamase
Authors: da Silva Lucas Yure Santos , Paulo Cicera Laura Roque , Moura Talysson Felismino , Alves Daniel Sampaio , Pessoa Renata Torres , Araújo Isaac Moura , de Morais Oliveira-Tintino Cícera Datiane , Tintino Saulo Relison , Nonato Carla de Fatima Alves , da Costa José Galberto Martins , Ribeiro-Filho Jaime , Coutinho Henrique Douglas Melo , Kowalska Grażyna , Mitura Przemysław , Bar Marek , Kowalski Radosław , Menezes Irwin Rose Alencar de 
Published: June 2023

Antimicrobial resistance has become a growing public health concern in recent decades, demanding a search for new effective treatments. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the phytochemical composition and evaluate the antibacterial activity of the essential oil obtained from the fruits of Piper tuberculatum Jacq. (EOPT) against strains carrying different mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Phytochemical analysis was performed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antibacterial activity of EOPT and its ability to inhibit antibiotic resistance was evaluated through the broth microdilution method. The GC-MS analysis identified 99.59% of the constituents, with β-pinene (31.51%), α-pinene (28.38%), and β-cis-ocimene (20.22%) being identified as major constituents. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EOPT was determined to assess its antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (IS-58, 1199B, K2068, and K4100). The compound showed a MIC of ≥ 1024 μg/mL, suggesting a lack of intrinsic antibacterial activity. However, when the EOPT was associated with antibiotics and EtBr, a significant decrease in antibiotic resistance was observed, indicating the modulation of efflux pump activity. This evidence was corroborated with the observation of increased fluorescent light emission by the bacterial strains, indicating the involvement of the NorA and MepA efflux pumps. Additionally, the significant potentiation of ampicillin activity against the S. aureus strain K4414 suggests the β-lactamase inhibitory activity of EOPT. These results suggest that the essential oil from P. tuberculatum fruits has antibiotic-enhancing properties, with a mechanism involving the inhibition of efflux pumps and β-lactamase in MDR S. aureus strains. These findings provide new perspectives on the potential use of EOPT against antibiotic resistance and highlight the importance of Piper species as sources of bioactive compounds with promising therapeutic activities against MDR bacteria. Nevertheless, further preclinical (in vivo) studies remain necessary to confirm these in vitro-observed results.
An Analysis of Critical Cybersecurity Controls for Industrial Control Systems
Authors: Sekonya Nkata , Sithungu Siphesihle 
Published: June 2023

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) comprise software, hardware, network systems, and people that manage and operate industrial processes. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems (SCADA) and Distributed Control Systems (DCS) are two of the most prevalent ICS. An ICS facilitates the effective and efficient management and operation of industrial sectors, including critical infrastructure sectors like utilities, manufacturing, and water treatment facilities. An ICS collects and integrates data from various field controllers deployed in industrial contexts, enabling operators to make data-driven decisions in managing industrial operations. Historically, ICS were isolated from the internet, functioning as part of air-gapped networks. However, the efficiency improvements brought about by the emergence of Information Technology necessitated a shift towards a more connected industrial environment. The convergence of Information and Operational Technology (IT/OT) has made ICS vulnerable to cyberattacks. Due to the crucial nature of the infrastructure that ICS manage, cyberattacks against ICS may cause critical infrastructure sectors to experience downtime. This may have a crippling impact on a country's well-being and essential economic activities. Given the proliferation of cyber warfare, cyberattacks against ICS are increasingly significant at present, as was the case during the 2015 attack on Ukraine's power infrastructure, which was successful in causing a blackout that affected over 200 000 persons. The threat actors used malicious software known as "BlackEnergy3", which was created to interfere with the regular operation of the ICS in charge of controlling electrical substations. This was the first known instance of malicious software causing blackouts. In response to increasing cyberattacks against ICS, the SANS Institute, in a whitepaper titled “The Five ICS Cybersecurity Critical Controls”, present five critical controls for an ICS cybersecurity strategy. This paper discusses ICS and the increased convergence of IT and OT. The paper also outlines significant cyberattacks directed at ICS. The paper then follows an exploratory research methodology done in response to the Five ICS Cybersecurity Critical Controls to determine the state of ICS literature that can help ICS operators secure their environments in accordance with the framework. Additionally, the ICS Cybersecurity Critical Controls are mapped to the NERC CIP standards, which provide guidance on the security of the Bulk Electric System (BES) and associated critical assets in North America.
Participants Prefer Technical Hands-on Cyber Exercises Instead of Organisational and Societal Ones
Authors: Päijänen Jani , Salonen Jarno , Karinsalo Anni , Sipola Tuomo , Kokkonen Tero 
Published: June 2023

The current shortage of cybersecurity professionals is about 2 million people worldwide, and in Europe the industry is seeking for about 350 000 skilled professionals. There is also an enormous need for dedicated cybersecurity training courses for existing professionals who wish to acquire completely new skills or maintain their current ones. Due to the lack of new skilled workforce, the current cybersecurity personnel are overworked in their work. In order not to waste the valuable time of cybersecurity professionals with unnecessary training, cyber exercises should be well prepared. This article is based on research conducted in a European collaborative project and more specifically, a cyber exercise organised in early 2022. The purpose of our research was to conduct a preliminary assessment of the participants to learn about their skills and expectations before the cyber exercise. This assessment was used for fine-tuning the exercise. To achieve this, we identified common trends in the participants’ interests during the cyber exercise. The preliminary assessment was carried out as a web survey. The responses were cross tabulated to find meaningful indicators related to skills and interests of the participant group. We identified the most and least preferred knowledge areas for both the industry and public sector participants. Our findings show that the most interesting knowledge areas of all respondents were primarily technical in nature (Data Security, Connection Security, System Security), but Organisational Security was also reported. The least interesting knowledge areas were mostly non-technical in nature (Human Security, Organisational Security, Societal Security) but also Component Security was reported. We also enquired about the preferred team size. The majority of the respondents preferred a team size of three to four persons. The preferred single session duration was 46–60 minutes. The results help cybersecurity professionals to match their knowledge needs with the existing cybersecurity proposition and to determine the right and most beneficial training for them. The results also assist the providers of cyber training and other exercises to describe the targeted development of specific cybersecurity and other knowhow in a coherent, standard-like, way.
How Does the Tallinn Manual 2.0 Shed Light on the Threat of Cyber Attacks against Taiwan?
Authors: Chang Chih-Hsiang 
Published: June 2023

This paper will identify possible unsettled issues when applying jus ad bellum and jus in bello to case scenarios based on China's cyber operations against Taiwan, pursuant to the rules of international law governing cyber or military operations attributable to States reflected in Tallinn Manual 2.0. This paper will argue that because of Taiwan’s legal international status as a sovereign State, the different responsive actions it may take, should it be faced with any such aggressive cyber or military attack, may be considered controversial. This paper will then identify the possible legal issues that may pertain under current international law, should any such armed conflict occur between China and Taiwan.
Known Unknowns: The Inevitability of Cyber Attacks
Authors: Greiman Virginia 
Published: June 2023

As described by Former U.S. Secretary of Defense, Donald Rumsfeld in his 2011 book, Known and Unknown, “there are many things of which we are completely unaware—in fact, there are things of which we are so unaware, we don’t even know we are unaware of them. Throughout history the world has faced numerous catastrophic events that were not foreseen but in hindsight were discoverable including the devastating effects of Pearl Harbor, and the September 11 terrorist attacks. More recently, the potential for catastrophic loss has been magnified in the 2020 Solar Winds and 2021 Colonial Pipeline cyber-attacks. We may not know when or how these events will occur or how much damage or destruction will occur, but we do know that these events are possible. The literature differentiates between events that occur totally by surprise, and outcomes or events that actors have identified as possibly existing but do not know whether they will take place or not. The aim of this paper is to provide insight, based on an empirical review of selected attacks both within and outside the cyber space literature to uncover the underlying risk, uncertainty, and complexity that may have been known but not seriously considered by those who had the knowledge and capability to investigate the warning signs. Based on the case study analysis, this paper will present the reasons for inaction and how we can learn from these experiences. The following two theories – institutionalization and rationalization have been found to provide some reasons for the occurrence of behaviors which increase the possibility of unobserved risks. In this paper we explore these theories through case study analysis and propose a framework consisting of four concepts for increasing awareness of these situations.
تقويم النتاجات النحتية لطلبة قسم التربية الفنية على وفق المنهج البنيوي
Authors: أ. م. د. صلاح لازم حسن  , عدي علي حماد  
Published: June 2023

لقد كانت مشكلة البحث الحالي هي :

تقدير مكامن القوة والضعف في نتاجات الطلبة النحتية على وفق المنهج البنيوي .
تنمية الذائقة الفنية لدى الطلبة وزيادة وعيهم في إنجاز أعمالهم النحتية.
توظيف المنهج البنيوي في وضع معيار لتقويم أعمال طلبة قسم التربية الفنية النحتية .

وبرزت اهميته من خلال :

قد يفيد البحث طلبة قسم التربية الفنية لتطوير نتاجاتهم وفقاً للمنهج البنيوي .
قد يفيد البحث طلبة الدراسات العليا لإتخاذ خطوات تطبيقية في مادة مناهج النقد الفني.

وكان هدف البحث هو بناء معيار لتقويم النتاجات النحتية لطلبة قسم التربية الفنية على وفق المنهج البنيوي .
وظيفة اغاني تنويم الطفل وخصائصها الموسيقية
Authors: د. أحمد جهاد البدر  
Published: June 2023

يتناول هذا البحث دور ووظيفة غناء الطفل بشكل عام ويعرج على الحالة العراقية في هذا الميدان. ويناقش البحث في اولى مراحله موضوع المصطلح لهذا القالب الغنائي وكما يقترح ويتبنى مصطلح تنويمة للدلالة على هذا الشكل الفني.
ويرتكز البحث على ثلاثة مواضيع اساس، الاول " غناء التنويمة، ودورها في نمو الطفل" والذي ناقش انتشار هذا القالب الفني في كل الثقافات وناقش دور المرأة فيه. كما تناول دور التنويمة على الطفل وماتحدثه فيه سايكولوجيا وطبيا فضلا عن دوره في تنمية العلاقة مع الام.
وقد تناول الموضوع الثاني "التنويمة في العراق"، ويبدأ هذا الموضوع من زاوية تاريخية، ومن ثم يناقش دوره في توطيد العلاقة بين الام وطفلها فضلا عن وصف عام للطقس والعناصر المشتركة في اكماله واتمامه.
El cambio político en el México pos-neoliberal
Authors: Espejel Mena Jaime , Sánchez Ramos Miguel Ángel 
Published: June 2023

¿Qué sucede con el cambio político dirigido por un gobierno populista? El artículo analiza el cambio político e institucional en la administración pública y presenta el caso mexicano en el contexto de la cuarta transformación. El análisis de las decisiones políticas se confrontan con los aportes teóricos sobre el cambio político e institucional, recuperando que la alternancia no es suficiente para al cambio político e institucional. Se concluye planteando que los populistas en el gobierno apuntan a estructuras, recursos, personal, normas y relaciones de rendición de cuentas. Los ejemplos sugieren que las políticas de administración pública populistas pueden tener un profundo impacto en la formulación de políticas y la democracia, lo que subraya la necesidad de una agenda de investigación más amplia en esta área temática.
ACRITICAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH ON NEGOTIATION OF MEANING INSECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING
Authors: Hartono Rudi 
Published: June 2023

Negotiation of meaning is generally defined as conversational modifications or adjustments that take place in communicative interactions when learners and their interlocutors experience difficulty in understanding messages. In a conversation, a speaker may employ a communication strategy to communicate effectively using negotiation of meaning. There is a need to examine the impact of negotiation for meaning in classroom interaction and the extent to which negotiation of meaning contribute to L2 learning. This paper reports on a critical review of research conducted on negotiation of meaning strategies used by second language learners in EFL/ESL contexts. Thispaper specifically discusses the ways in which learners of English employ negotiation of meaning strategies in conversation in the studies reviewed. This paper focuses on the functions of negotiation of meaning strategies. This paper concludes by addressing pedagogical implication of negotiation of meaning in second language classrooms.Â Key words : negotiation of meaning strategies, second language learning,conversation
USING PICTURES SERIES IN INCREASING STUDENTâ€™S WRITING SKILL TO THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA PGRI 2 PALEMBANG
Authors: Pratiwi Etty 
Published: June 2023

This research investigated Â of using pictures series in increasing studentâ€™s writing skillÂ to the eleventh grade students of SMA PGRI 2 Palembang. The objective of this study was to identify whether or not by using pictures series can increase the students â€˜ writing skill. This study was conducted in experimental research to 165 students from the eleventh grade students of SMA PGRI 2 Palembang of the academic years of 2016-2017. This study could be concluded that pictures series strategy gave a significant increase for the studentsâ€™ writing skill than the studentsâ€™ writing skill by using conventional strategy to the eleventh grade students of SMA PGRI 2 Palembang.Â Key words: Pictures stories, Writing skill, Experimental research
Analisis Keharmonisan Antara Agama Hindu Dan Buddha Pada Candi Jawi
Authors: Adhitama Satria 
Published: June 2023

The phenomenon of intolerance and conflict with religious nuances is currently commonly found in the lives of Indonesian people. Even though the temples describe the life of the Archipelago in harmony between adherents of religions, one of which is the Jawi Temple. This research aims to dig deeper into the harmony between the Shiva religion (Hindu) and Buddhism in Jawi Temple. A qualitative descriptive approach is an approach used with a constructionist strategy that describes in detail about Jawi Temple which is a symbol of harmonization of Hinduism and Buddhism. Data collected by interview, observation, and documentation. The selection of informants or research subjects was carried out purposively. Evidence that Jawi Temple is a symbol of harmony between Hinduism and Buddhism is that in Jawi Temple there are statues of Hinduism, namely the statues of the God Tri Murti (Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva), Lord Ganesha, Goddess Durga, Ardhanari, and Kalki. Besides that, there are mythological animals from Hinduism, namely Kala and Makara. Buddhism is represented by a stupa at the top of the temple and there was once an Aksobhya statue in Jawi Temple. The relief on Jawi Temple tells of Prince Sutasoma who is proposing to Princess Candrawati. Prince Sutasoma is a prince from the Astina Kingdom of India who is Buddhist but respects Hinduism very much. In the reliefs of Jawi Temple there are also images of Shiva (Hindu) and Buddhist people living peacefully and peacefully while studying together. So, the value that can be taken from Jawi Temple is the strong value of tolerance between Shiva (Hindu) and Buddhist religions. The implication of this research is to strengthen the spirit of tolerance for diversity in Indonesia and one of the factors that determines tolerance in a society is the policies adopted by moderat leaders.