bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide impact of cytosine methylation and DNA sequence context on UV‐induced CPD formation
Authors: Wilson Hannah E. , Wyrick John J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExposure to ultraviolet (UV) light is the primary etiological agent for skin cancers because UV damages cellular DNA. The most frequent form of UV damage is the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), which consists of covalent linkages between neighboring pyrimidine bases in DNA. In human cells, the 5′ position of cytosine bases in CG dinucleotides is frequently methylated, and methylated cytosines in the TP53 tumor suppressor are often sites of mutation hotspots in skin cancers. It has been argued that this is because cytosine methylation promotes UV‐induced CPD formation; however, the effects of cytosine methylation on CPD formation are controversial, with conflicting results from previous studies. Here, we use a genome‐wide method known as CPD‐seq to map UVB‐ and UVC‐induced CPDs across the yeast genome in the presence or absence in vitro methylation by the CpG methyltransferase M.SssI. Our data indicate that cytosine methylation increases UVB‐induced CPD formation nearly 2‐fold relative to unmethylated DNA, but the magnitude of induction depends on the flanking sequence context. Sequence contexts with a 5′ guanine base (e.g., GCCG and GTCG) show the strongest induction due to cytosine methylation, potentially because these sequence contexts are less efficient at forming CPD lesions in the absence of methylation. We show that cytosine methylation also modulates UVC‐induced CPD formation, albeit to a lesser extent than UVB. These findings can potentially reconcile previous studies, and define the impact of cytosine methylation on UV damage across a eukaryotic genome.
Modeling medium dense cellular network and evaluation of probability of coverage
Authors: Vaddi Sai Satwik , Venkatesh T. G. , Gupta Ankit Kumar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIt is well known that cellular networks are continuously densifying at an enormous rate everywhere around the globe. Much work has been done in modeling ultra‐dense cellular (UDC) network. However, at present, there are no satisfactory models for medium dense cellular (MDC) network. Motivation of our work is to fill this gap in the literature. In particular, we propose to develop a model for the MDC network and derive the coverage probability. In this article, an optimization problem based on sparse dictionary learning (SDL) has been used to find a linear dependency between the UDC region and MDC region with respect to the base stations. A model for the MDC network is defined based on the linear dependency produced using SDL. The linear dependency allows us to define a relation connecting the distance metric between the MDC and UDC regions. Different terms in the expression for the equivalent distance metric have been identified, and the most relevant terms have been used to evaluate the coverage probability of the MDC network. Validation of our model has been done by comparing the correlation graph between the proposed model and the ideal model. Our proposed network model opens up the scope for more accurate modeling and analysis of medium‐dense cellular networks.
Unveiling the Threats Beneath: Fish Mislabeling in the Brazilian Amazon Coast and its Impacts on the Critically Endangered Daggernose Shark
Authors: Wosnick Natascha , Charvet Patricia , Hauser-Davis Rachel Ann , Rincon Getulio , Nunes Ana Rita Onodera Palmeira , Nunes Jorge Luiz Silva 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Fish mislabeling is a global issue with far-reaching consequences for both food security and biodiversity conservation. This practice involves the intentional or unintentional misidentification of fish species sold in markets and restaurants, often driven by economic gain or cultural preferences. The mislabeling of threatened fish species further exacerbates the problem. This manuscript focuses on an emerging mislabeling practice in the Brazilian Amazon coast, which impacts a critically endangered elasmobranch species, the Daggernose Shark Isogomphodon oxyrhynchus. More specifically, the mislabeling of the Atlantic Tripletail Lobotes surinamensis as the Acoupa Weakfish Cynoscion acoupa has led to intensified fishing activities and incidental capture of the Daggernose Shark. Traditional enforcement approaches have shown limited effectiveness, and alternative conservation interventions, including participatory management and education programs for artisanal fishers, are needed to address this complex issue.
Stadttunnel Feldkirch – ein Generationenprojekt
Authors: Seidl Hans‐Peter , Braza Bernhard , Kitzler Christian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe topography of Feldkirch is shaped by hills, local mountains and the Ill gorge, therefore various districts are separated and all local, regional and international traffic in the tripoint of Austria, Liechtenstein and Switzerland passes through the inner‐city streets of L190 and L191a. The intention of this project is the long‐term relief of the historic center of Feldkirch and the surrounding settlement areas from transit traffic and to improve the overall quality of life of the local population through the reduction of traffic‐related pollution (air pollutants and noise).
Retinotopic connectivity maps of human visual cortex with unconstrained eye movements
Authors: Tangtartharakul Gene , Morgan Catherine A. , Rushton Simon K. , Schwarzkopf D. Samuel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHuman visual cortex contains topographic visual field maps whose organization can be revealed with retinotopic mapping. Unfortunately, constraints posed by standard mapping hinder its use in patients, atypical subject groups, and individuals at either end of the lifespan. This severely limits the conclusions we can draw about visual processing in such individuals. Here, we present a novel data‐driven method to estimate connective fields, resulting in fine‐grained maps of the functional connectivity between brain areas. We find that inhibitory connectivity fields accompany, and often surround facilitatory fields. The visual field extent of these inhibitory subfields falls off with cortical magnification. We further show that our method is robust to large eye movements and myopic defocus. Importantly, freed from the controlled stimulus conditions in standard mapping experiments, using entertaining stimuli and unconstrained eye movements our approach can generate retinotopic maps, including the periphery visual field hitherto only possible to map with special stimulus displays. Generally, our results show that the connective field method can gain knowledge about retinotopic architecture of visual cortex in patients and participants where this is at best difficult and confounded, if not impossible, with current methods.
A comparative study of scientific collaborations in medical informatics, health information management, medical librarianship, and information sciences among Iranian research communities: A bibliometric study
Authors: Siamian Hasan , Ramezani‐Pakpour‐Langeroudi Fatemeh , Ramezani Aboozar , Mehdizadeh Hamed 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimScientific collaborations play a vital role in advancing research in various disciplines, including medical informatics, health information management, medical librarianship, and information sciences. This study aims to provide an overview of Iranian researchers' scientific output in three disciplines and their collaboration networks.MethodsThe study utilized data from Scopus database and analyzed 2086 records of Iranian researchers' research outcomes over 10 years. Each article's citations were averaged to determine its impact factor. The study also reviewed the number of articles and citations in the past decade.ResultsThe findings show that scientific output in the disciplines of medical informatics, health information management, medical librarianship, and information sciences has significantly increased among Iranian researchers in the past decade. The analysis of collaboration networks indicates a strong connection between these disciplines, with medical informatics having the highest degree of collaboration.ConclusionThis study provides valuable insights into the scientific collaborations among Iranian researchers in medical informatics, health information management, medical librarianship, and information sciences. The findings can be used to inform future research and collaboration initiatives in these disciplines. The results suggest that Iranian researchers in these disciplines have made significant progress in scientific output and collaboration. However, further efforts are required to improve the quality and impact of their research.
Curcumin alleviates imiquimod‐induced psoriasis‐like inflammation and regulates gut microbiota of mice
Authors: Cai Zhenguo , Wang Wuqing , Zhang Yao , Zeng Yibin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs a polyphenolic compound originated from the food spice turmeric, curcumin (CUR) has various pharmacological effects, such as anti‐inflammatory, antioxidation, antiproliferative, and antiangiogenic activities. Psoriasis is centered on the overproduction of Th1‐ and Th2‐related cytokines (e.g., interleukin [IL]‐23, IL‐17, TNF‐α, IL‐22), which is involved in the occurrence and development of its pathogenesis. However, whether CUR is involved in the treatment of psoriasis and its specific mechanisms are not fully understood.MethodsIn this study, we detected the therapeutic effect of CUR (100 mg/kg/day) on IMQ‐induced dermatitis in mice, analyzed by PASI scores, ELISA, HE staining, immunofluorescence. Moreover, we further confirmed the alteration in the relative abundance of the gut microbiota through 16sRNA to explore whether CUR could regulate the gut microbiota of IMQ‐induced mice.ResultThrough intragastric administration, CUR can alleviate psoriasis‐like lesions of mice by decreasing PASI scores, reducing the level of IL‐6, IL‐17A, IL‐22, IL‐23, TNF‐α, and TGF‐β1, promoting the expression of IL‐10. Moreover, 16sRNA sequencing revealed that CUR could regulate the alteration in the abundance alteration of gut microbiota related to inflammation, such as Alistipes, Mucispirillum, and Rikenella at genus level. The correlation analysis further confirmed the close association between important microflora and psoriasis‐like inflammation indicators.ConclusionsCUR exerts the effect of alleviating dermatitis of psoriatic mice by regulating Th‐17 related inflammatory factors. Moreover, the changes in gut microbiota via CUR may be another factor of relieving IMQ‐induced lesions in mice. Therefore, CUR may be a highly promising candidate for the treatment of psoriasis.
Aspirin and nonaspirin nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use and occurrence of colorectal adenoma in Black American women
Authors: Barber Lauren E. , Bertrand Kimberly A. , Sheehy Shanshan , White Laura F. , Roy Hemant K. , Rosenberg Lynn , Palmer Julie R. , Petrick Jessica L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEvidence suggests that aspirin use reduces the occurrence of colorectal neoplasia. Few studies have investigated the association among Black Americans, who are disproportionately burdened by the disease. We assessed aspirin use in relation to colorectal adenoma among Black women. The Black Women's Health Study is a prospective cohort of self‐identified Black American women established in 1995. Participants reported regular aspirin use on baseline and follow‐up questionnaires. Beginning in 1999, participants reported undergoing a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, the only procedures through which colorectal adenomas can be diagnosed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between aspirin use and colorectal adenoma among 34 397 women who reported at least 1 colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy. From 1997 through 2018, 1913 women were diagnosed with an adenoma. Compared to nonaspirin users, regular users had 14% (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.78‐0.95) lower odds of adenoma. The odds of adenoma decreased with increasing duration of aspirin use (≥10 years: OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.66‐0.96). Initiating aspirin at a younger age was associated with a reduced adenoma occurrence (age < 40 years at initiation: OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.55‐0.86). Regular aspirin use was associated with a decreased odds of colorectal adenoma in our study of Black women. These findings support evidence demonstrating a chemopreventive impact of aspirin on colorectal neoplasia and suggest that aspirin may be a useful prevention strategy among US Black women.
The femtech revolution—A new approach to pregnancy management: Digital transformation of maternity care—The hybrid e‐health perinatal clinic addressing the unmet needs of low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Hod Moshe , Divakar Hema , Kihara Anne B. , Geary Michael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrenatal care and infant mortality rates are crucial indicators of healthcare quality. However, millions of women in low‐income countries lack access to adequate care. Factors such as high‐risk pregnancies and unmanaged diet increase the risk of developing complications during pregnancy, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring of maternal health. The increasing burden of non‐communicable diseases represents a significant threat to fragile health systems. The lack of access to appropriate prenatal care and poor maternal and newborn health outcomes are major concerns in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). It emphasizes the need for innovative, integrative approaches to healthcare delivery, especially in pregnant women. The health services need to be reorganized holistically and effectively, focusing on factors that directly impact maternal, neonatal, and infant mortality, resulting in improved access to maternity services and survival of “at‐risk” mothers and their offspring in many LMICs. Based on the FIGO (the International Federation of Gynecology & Obstetrics) recommendations of extending preconception care to the postpartum stage, the authors of this review have developed a new model of care—PregCare—based on the triple‐intervention‐based holistic and multidisciplinary maternal and fetal medicine model for low‐risk pregnancies. This model will help transform the traditional model's high visitation frequency into a safe and reduced office visit, while increasing virtual connections, point of care and self‐care with doctors, nurses, and community‐based providers of self‐care. This shall be based on a sophisticated central PregCare call center powered by innovative technologies combined with experienced personnel in perinatal management (doctors and nurses/midwives).
Relapsed urachal carcinoma responding to first‐line chemotherapy with capecitabine‐oxaliplatin plus bevacizumab
Authors: Hatano Akihiko , Wakaki Kunihiko , Miyajima Norio , Komatsu Shuichi 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionAdvanced urachal carcinoma has a poor prognosis; however, a standard systemic treatment has not been established. We treated a patient with relapsed urachal carcinoma with capecitabine‐oxaliplatin plus bevacizumab, a standard regimen for colon cancer, and obtained favorable responses.Case presentationA 47‐year‐old woman presented with hematuria. Under the diagnosis of non‐metastatic urachal carcinoma, an extended partial cystectomy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed adenocarcinoma with negative surgical margins and lymph nodes. Thirty‐two months postoperatively, lung metastases and local recurrence were confirmed, along with elevated carcinoembryonic antigen levels, and nine chemotherapy cycles were administered. Subsequently, the recurrent lesion regressed, and tumor marker levels normalized. Fourteen months after treatment discontinuation, the disease remained stable without progression.ConclusionThis is the first report of advanced urachal carcinoma treated with capecitabine‐oxaliplatin plus bevacizumab, demonstrating the potential of this treatment as first‐line chemotherapy for this disease.
Indocyanine green‐based fluorescence imaging improved by deep learning
Authors: Xiong Xiao , He Li , Ma Qingchao , Wang Yihan , Li Ke , Wang Zhongliang , Chen Xueli , Zhu Shouping , Zhan Yonghua , Cao Xu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntraoperative identification of malignancies using indocyanine green (ICG)‐based fluorescence imaging could provide real‐time guidance for surgeons. Existing ICG‐based fluorescence imaging mostly operates in the near‐infrared (NIR)‐I (700–1000 nm) or the NIR‐IIa′ windows (1000–1300 nm), which is not optimal in terms of spatial resolution and contrast as their light scattering is higher than the NIR‐IIb window (1500–1700 nm). It is highly desired to achieve ICG‐based fluorescence imaging in the NIR‐IIb window, but it is hindered by its ultra‐low NIR‐IIb emission tail of ICG. Herein, we employ a generative adversarial network to generate NIR‐IIb ICG images directly from the acquired NIR‐I ICG images. This approach was investigated by in vivo imaging of sub‐surface vascular, intestine structure, and tumors, and their results demonstrated significant improvement in spatial resolution and contrast for ICG‐based fluorescence imaging. It is potential for deep learning to improve ICG‐based fluorescence imaging in clinical diagnostics and image‐guided surgery in clinics.
Large field of view aberrations correction with deformable lenses and multi conjugate adaptive optics
Authors: Furieri T. , Bassi A. , Bonora S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOptical microscopes can have limited resolution due to aberrations caused by samples and sample holders. Using deformable mirrors and wavefront sensorless optimization algorithms can correct these aberrations, but the correction is limited to a small area of the field of view. This study presents an adaptive optics method that uses a series of plug‐and‐play deformable lenses for large field of view wavefront correction. A direct wavefront measurement method using the spinning sub‐pupil aberration measurement technique is combined with correction based on the deformable lenses. Experimental results using fluorescence microscopy with a wide field and a light sheet fluorescence microscope show that the proposed method can achieve detection and correction over an extended field of view with a compact transmissive module placed in the detection path of the microscope. This method could improve the resolution and accuracy of imaging in a variety of fields, including biology and materials science.
Unlocking the transformative power of mentoring for youth development in communities, schools, and talent domains
Authors: Luo Linlin , Stoeger Heidrun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMentoring is a highly individualized educational measure that can support youth development in communities, schools, and talent domains. Depending on the target population, goals, structure, and medium, mentoring for youths can differ considerably. This article first reviews the main types of mentoring programs and practices for youth development in communities, schools, and talent domains. Despite the popularity of mentoring programs, many programs fail to realize the full potential of mentoring as meta‐analyses consistently show relatively small effects of mentoring. The discrepancy between the potential and actual effect of mentoring is referred to as the mentoring paradox. Crucial aspects that are held responsible for the mentoring paradox, such as adequate planning and implementation of mentoring programs, adherence to research‐based mentoring practices, as well as quality assurance of mentoring programs through systematic program research and evaluation are described. Finally, implications on how to professionalize mentoring are provided for different stakeholders.
Breastfeeding lifespan control of growth, maintenance, and metabolism of small intestinal epithelium
Authors: Costa Aline Vasques da , Rattes Isadora Campos , Goes Carolina Purcell , Lobo Larissa Honda Greco , Barreto Laylla Barreto e , Gama Patricia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGastrointestinal epithelial cells respond to milk‐born molecules throughout breastfeeding, influencing growth, and development. The rapid renewal of the small intestine depends on the proliferation in the crypt that drives cell fates. We used early weaning model to investigate immediate and late effects of breastfeeding on proliferation, differentiation of jejunal epithelial cells. Wistar rats were either allowed to suckle (S) until 21 postnatal days or submitted to early weaning (EW) at 15 days. By comparing ages (18, 60, and 120 days), we found that EW decreased Ki67 indices and villi height at 18 and 60 days (p < 0.05), and at 120 days they were similar between diets. Proliferative reduction and augmented expression of Cdkn1b (p27 gene) were parallel. In the stem cell niche, EW increased the number and activity (Defa24) of Paneth cells at 18 and 60 days (p < 0.05), and Lgr5 and Ascl2 genes showed inverted responses between ages. Among target cells, EW decreased goblet cell number at 18 and 60 days (p < 0.05) and increased it at 120 days (p < 0.05), whereas enteroendocrine marker genes were differentially altered. EW reduced enterocytes density at 18 days (p < 0.05), and at 120 days this population was decreased (vs. 60 days). Among cell fate crypt‐controlling genes, Notch and Atoh1 were the main targets of EW. Metabolically, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance was immediately reduced (18 days), being reverted until 120 days (p < 0.05). Currently, we showed that breastfeeding has a lifespan influence on intestinal mucosa and on its stem cell compartment. We suggest that, although jejunum absorptive function is granted after early weaning, the long lasting changes in gene expression might prime the mucosa with a different sensitivity to gut disorders that still have to be further explored.
Medically ready for discharge: A multisite “point‐in‐time” assessment of hospitalized patients
Authors: Bann Maralyssa , Meo Nicholas , Lopez J. P. , Ou Amy , Rosenthal Molly , Khawaja Hussain , Goodman Leigh A. , Barone Melanie , Coleman Bernice , High Heidi J. , Overbeek Lori , Shelbourn Pam , VerMaas Lisa , Baughman Amy , Sekaran Adith , Cyrus Rachel , O'Dorisio Nathan , Beatty Lane , Loica‐Mersa Silvia , Kubey Alan , Jaffe Rebecca , Vokoun Chad , Koom‐Dadzie Kwame , Graves Kencee , Tuck Matthew , Helgerson Paul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundTime spent awaiting discharge after the acute need for hospitalization has resolved is an important potential contributor to hospital length of stay (LOS).ObjectiveTo measure the prevalence, impact, and context of patients who remain hospitalized for prolonged periods after completion of acute care needs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsWe conducted a cross‐sectional “point‐in‐time” survey at each of 15 academic US hospitals using a structured data collection tool with on‐service acute care medicine attending physicians in fall 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcomes were number and percentage of patients considered “medically ready for discharge” with emphasis on those who had experienced a “major barrier to discharge” (medically ready for discharge for ≥1 week). Estimated LOS attributable to major discharge barriers, contributory discharge needs, and associated hospital characteristics were measured.ResultsOf 1928 patients sampled, 35.0% (n = 674) were medically ready for discharge including 9.8% (n = 189) with major discharge barriers. Many patients with major discharge barriers (44.4%; 84/189) had spent a month or longer medically ready for discharge and commonly (84.1%; 159/189) required some form of skilled therapy or daily living support services for discharge. Higher proportions of patients experiencing major discharge barriers were found in public versus private, nonprofit hospitals (12.0% vs. 7.2%; p = .001) and county versus noncounty hospitals (14.5% vs. 8.8%; p = .002).ConclusionsPatients experience major discharge barriers in many US hospitals and spend prolonged time awaiting discharge, often for support needs that may be outside of clinician control.