bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Model for Plaque Induction in Rat Carotid Arteries
Authors: Wakako Akira , Sadato Akiyo , Oeda Motoki , Higashiguchi Saeko , Hayakawa Motoharu , Oshima Marie , Hirose Yuichi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective Plaque induction through intimal injury using a balloon catheter in small animals and by artificial ligation of the carotid artery in large animals have been reported. However, these reports have not yet succeeded in inducing stable plaques nor creating a high degree of intimal thickening to be used as animal models. We have previously developed a plaque induction model in rats but have failed to obtain a plaque incidence frequency that can be used as a model. Thus, in the current study, we aimed to create a versatile disease model to examine the pharmacokinetics of drug administration, determine the efficacy of treatment, and examine the process of intimal thickening. We also attempted to create an improved model with shorter, more frequent, and more severe intimal thickening.
Materials and Methods The common carotid artery of male Wistar rats was surgically exposed and completely ligated with a wire and 6–0 nylon thread. Then, the wire was removed to create a partial ligation. To create a high frequency and high degree of intimal thickening, 72 rats were divided into two groups: a single lesion group with a 0.25-mm wire and a single ligature point, and a tandem lesion group with a 0.3-mm wire and two ligature points. Each group was further divided into normal diet and high cholesterol diet groups. The presence and frequency of intimal thickening were examined for each group after 4, 8, and 16 weeks of growth.
Results In the single lesion group, intimal thickening was observed in 42% of the 4-week group and 75% of the 8-week group. In the tandem lesion group, intimal thickening was observed in 75% of the 4-week group and 50% of the 8-week group. In addition, 50% of the individuals reared for 16 weeks developed intimal thickening.
Conclusion We successfully induced intimal thickening in the carotid arteries of rats with high frequency in the single lesion and tandem lesion groups. The results also showed that the tandem lesion group tended to induce intimal thickening earlier than the single lesion group.
Study to Determine the Effect of Diaper-Based Wound Care Method in Reducing Wound Contamination Period in Patients Suffering from Perianal Burn Wound
Authors: Chalwade Chandrashekhar Subhash , Sawant Abhijeet D. , Katyal Ishita 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Local wound care in perianal burn wounds is difficult owing to the risk of contamination from fecal soiling. The problem is aggravated in small children and bedridden critical patients who are unable to convey passage of stools. We used diaper-based wound care to reduce contamination.
Materials and Methods We used ethylene trioxide sterilized diaper-based dressings in such patients. These were changed at 6-hour interval. Total and mean prevented period of contamination was noted as primary objective parameters. Time to heal, maceration of surrounding skin, and wound culture swab results were noted as other parameters.
Result The diaper-based wound care led to reduced mean daily and total contamination period.
Conclusion This diaper-based wound care method reduces contamination period of perianal wounds in patients suffering from perianal burn.
Assessment of Anxiety among People with Various Physical Activity Levels during Lockdown in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Ain Noor ul , Arif Muriam , Dar Mariam Sultan , Habiba Umm e , Shah Mahjabeen , Naseeb Uzma 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background The purpose of this study is to make it easier to counsel the general public on how to promote their psychological health and better lifestyle by boosting their physical activity in the event of more devastating future waves of coronavirus disease 2019. Coronavirus disease is a viral infection first reported in Wuhan, China, which led to a worldwide pandemic and lockdown. In addition to physical health, the uncertainty of situation and fear of infection have further affected the mental health of the individuals. Lockdown has also halted the physical activity of people further adding into the stress and anxiety.
Methods A sample size of 376 was required, but a convenient sampling technique collected 400 responses due to overwhelming Participation. A well-structured questionnaire was used for data collection, which contained sections such as a demographics section. We used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire scale to measure various physical activity levels and the generalized anxiety disorder scale to measure anxiety levels, because of their considerate validity and feasibility. Later both of our variables were compared to find out the correlation of anxiety levels with different physical activity levels.
Results Mean Anxiety and its prevalence rates in the sample were 7.32 ± 5.767 and 33%. On performing Pearson correlation, increasing age was found to be a risk factor for Anxiety. One-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference between Physical Activity and Anxiety. In the post-hoc Tukey test, a considerable difference in anxiety level was found between people with no physical activity and vigorous physical activity.
Conclusion During the lockdown period, the mean anxiety was found to be 7.0 ± 5.56 with prevalence rate of 33% among the people with no, low, moderate or vigorous physically active levels was found to be associated with better perceived mental health status which suggests the need to promote physically active style to cope with anxiety and awareness sessions to be conducted especially among those who could not maintain a physically active lifestyle. Also, among the general population e-Health programs could provide an appropriate way to promote a physically active lifestyle.
Effectiveness of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the Management of Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaw: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mohandas Rahul , Mohapatra Subhashree , Narkhede Rutuja , Kheur Supriya 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOsteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaws is the most dangerous long-term side effect of head and neck radiation therapy that can significantly affect the quality of life of the patients. In ORN of the jaw, the bone within the radiation field becomes devitalized and gets exposed via the overlying skin or mucosa, which remains unhealed. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is used as an adjunctive therapy along with surgical debridement for the management of ORN of the jaws. HBOT promotes angiogenesis, neovascularization, fibroblast and osteoblast proliferation, and collagen production. However, the benefit of HBOT in improving the healing of tissues in patients with ORN remains controversial because of low evidence. The present systematic review aimed to compare the available data on the efficacy of HBOT on the healing of ORN of the jaw. Databases like PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Science Direct, Lilac, and Web of Science were searched without any date filter to obtain the relevant articles. A total of six articles met the eligibility criteria and were further processed for data extraction. Two retrospective studies observed that HBOT combined with surgical debridement promoted wound healing in patients with early stages of ORN of the jaws. Similarly, a prospective study reported that prophylactic HBOT reduced the risk of the development of ORN of the jaws following surgery to irradiated jaws. In contrast, three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported that HBOT did not improve the healing outcome of patients with advanced lesions of ORN of the jaws. Based on the scope of this review, we concluded that the routine use of HBOT for the prevention or management of ORN of the jaws is not recommended. Adjunctive HBOT may be considered in patients who have failed conservative therapy and subsequent surgical resection and are regarded to be at high risk.
Identification of factors influencing entrepreneurial behavior: unveiling start-up business initiatives in Indonesia
Authors: Paranata Ade , Pahrudin  , Muzayyanah Syamsiyatul , Trinh Thi Ha 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study aims to identify the factors influencing the intention of people to launch business in Indonesia, using theory of planned behavior (TPB). The implemented methods included binomial logistic regression, classification and regression tree, and structural equation modeling. To examine this issue, data were obtained through Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) from 2015–2018. The results demonstrated that TPB construct was relevant to the launch initiative of business. This emphasized the significant functions of self-efficacy, business opportunity, and role models in the plans of people, regarding the establishment of an enterprise. Therefore, this study advanced the understanding of the factors influencing entrepreneurial behavior concerning the establishment of business, as well as provided strategies and plans for its development in Indonesia.
Ideologies underlying language policy and planning in the Philippines
Authors: Zeng Jie , Li Xiaolong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study utilizes Cobarrubias’ (1983. Ethical issues in status planning. In: Progress in language planning: international perspectives. pp. 41–85) taxonomy of language ideologies as the framework to uncover the ideologies underlying language policy and planning (LPP) in the Philippines. We discuss the different language ideologies, including linguistic assimilation, vernacularization, linguistic pluralism, and internationalization, through a historical analysis of the mandated LPP in the Philippines and how they have influenced the country’s LPP. Our findings reveal that legislation and administrative measures have played a crucial role in the process of linguistic assimilation, which has historically been the dominant ideology underlying LPP in the Philippines. Furthermore, we highlight that various language ideologies can coexist and be present simultaneously within a language policy or society. We also posit that Cobarrubias’ (1983. Ethical issues in status planning. In: Progress in language planning: international perspectives. pp. 41–85) framework has the potential to aid in the analysis and enhancement of LPP in other countries facing similar linguistic scenarios. Additionally, multilingual and multicultural countries must continually adapt their LPP to emphasize inclusive language policies, language maintenance initiatives, and national identity construction that values and respects linguistic diversity, empowers local communities, and strives for social inclusivity and cohesion within the context of neocolonialism and globalization.
Indigenous facility of the unipolar pulsed power generation for gas flow sputtering of titania films
Authors: Alktash Nivin , Muydinov Ruslan , Erfurt Darja , Hartig Manuel , Gajewski Wojciech , Szyszka Bernd 
Published: July 2023

Gas flow sputtering is a sputter deposition method that enables soft and high-rate deposition even for oxides or nitrides at high pressure (in the mbar range). A unipolar pulse generator with adjustable reverse voltage was used to optimize thin film growth by the hollow cathode gas flow sputtering system. In this regard, we describe our laboratory Gas Flow Sputtering (GFS) deposition system, which has been recently assembled at the Technical University of Berlin. Its technical facilities and suitability for various technological tasks are explored. The first experimental efforts are presented by the example of TiOx films on glass substrates obtained at various deposition conditions with forced Argon flow. The influence of pulsing parameters, power, and oxygen gas flow on the plasma generated is studied. The films were characterized by ellipsometry, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and x-ray reflectivity. Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) was also used to characterize the remote plasma, and the substrate temperature was measured. The pulsing frequency (f) is a significant factor that provides additional substrate heating by about 100 °C when the plasma regime changes from f = 0 (DC) to 100 kHz. Such a change in frequency provides a significant increase in the OES signals of Ti and Ar neutrals as well as of Ti+ ions. With pulsed operation at high power, the GFS plasma is capable of heating the glass substrate to more than 400 °C within several minutes, which allows for crystalline anatase TiOx film deposition without external heating. For deposition below 200 °C substrate temperature, low power DC operation can be used.
Research on the cooling performance of gas generators by porous wire mesh
Authors: Cui Xiaoting , Huang Yong , Zhao Jinyu , Wang Hao 
Published: July 2023

The gas bladder is essential to the submunition delivery system, performing high-temperature and high-pressure gas scouring and ablation. In this paper, a new gas generator device containing wire mesh is designed to prevent ablation and breakage of the gas bladder. To verify the cooling effect of the device, simulation software is used to simulate the gas flow process and the gas cooling effect of the gas generator. The comparison with the experimental results shows that the error of the calculation results is small and the simulation model is accurate and reliable. Based on the method mentioned earlier, simulations were conducted for different wire porosities and filling thicknesses. The results showed that the cooling effect of the gas generator increased and then decreased with the thickness of the wire mesh and the cooling performance of the wire mesh was the best when the filling thickness was 10 mm. When the filling thickness is 10 mm, the temperature drop and the pressure drop decrease with increasing wire porosity.
Strategies for the Biological Control of
Parthenium hysterophorus
L. in Eastern Pakistan
Authors: Rehman Abdul , Kalaugher Liz 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The arrival of the invasive agricultural weed parthenium,
Parthenium hysterophorus
, in Pakistan was first noted in the Gujrat district of the Punjab Province in 1980. The plant has now spread further in the Punjab Province as well as into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), the Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT) and Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The heartlands of parthenium infestation are in the central and northern districts of Punjab, the ICT and KP, and the weed is moving into the southern parts of Punjab and north-eastern KP. Given parthenium’s highly invasive nature, it is likely that it has already spread into the southern parts of Punjab, especially as the area is home to extensive irrigated farming, and it is possible that the plant has even reached Sind and Baluchistan provinces in the south and south-west of Pakistan. To date, two biological control agents for parthenium have reached Pakistan without being introduced deliberately, most likely arriving from India or Nepal:
Zygogramma bicolorata
– the Mexican or parthenium leaf beetle – and
Puccinia abrupta partheniicola
, or winter rust.

This case study assesses the effectiveness of these existing biological control agents in Pakistan, the potential of redistribution projects to increase their impact and whether artificially inducing
Z. bicolorata
to emerge from diapause early could further stem parthenium growth in spring. The second part of the case describes the importation of the stem-boring weevil
Listronotus setosipennis
into a quarantine facility for host range testing. The plan is to boost Pakistan’s biological control programme by releasing the weevil in areas where parthenium occurs. Finally, the case also recommends additional biological control agents and strategies for the future.

Adapted from:

The biological control of Parthenium hysterophorus L. in Pakistan: Status quo and future prospects'. Management of Biological Invasions (2021), Volume 12, Issue 3: pages 509-526. This is an open access article distributed under terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License (Attribution 4.0 International - CC BY 4.0).

Information
© CAB International 2023
Stable reconstruction of simple Riemannian manifolds from unknown interior sources
Authors: de Hoop Maarten V , Ilmavirta Joonas , Lassas Matti , Saksala Teemu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Consider the geometric inverse problem: there is a set of delta-sources in spacetime that emit waves travelling at unit speed. If we know all the arrival times at the boundary cylinder of the spacetime, can we reconstruct the space, a Riemannian manifold with boundary? With a finite set of sources we can only hope to get an approximate reconstruction, and we indeed provide a discrete metric approximation to the manifold with explicit data-driven error bounds when the manifold is simple. This is the geometrization of a seismological inverse problem where we measure the arrival times on the surface of waves from an unknown number of unknown interior microseismic events at unknown times. The closeness of two metric spaces with a marked boundary is measured by a labeled Gromov–Hausdorff distance. If measurements are done for infinite time and spatially dense sources, our construction produces the true Riemannian manifold and the finite-time approximations converge to it in the metric sense
Scientific consensus views are useful, but dangerous, without a code of ethics
Authors: Murakami Michio , Yagihashi Mao , Sada Ryuichi Minoda 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Using the Fukushima accident experience, this letter discusses recent efforts on measuring scientific consensus views—that is, quantifying the agreement among scientists. In the field of radiological protection, the efforts to measure scientific consensus views deserve attention, because hoaxes have been spreading even after the Fukushima nuclear accident. We discussed two points. First, the visualization of the diversity of scientific opinions shatters the diversity illusion caused by the mass media’s irresponsible dissemination of pro and con arguments. Second, the use of scientific consensus views without an ethical code is dangerous. Measuring scientific consensus views should be accompanied with the development of ethical guidelines on using it.
Radiological study of a wastewater treatment plant associated with radioiodine therapy at a hospital in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Puspita Tita Dewi , Moersidik Setyo Sarwanto , Pratama Mochamad Adhiraga 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Nuclear medicine (NM) services in Indonesia have rapidly developed due to the increasing number of patients, and this growth has been supported by standardized regulations in the field, including the management of solid waste generated. However, multiple reports indicate that licensing control does not regulate liquid waste disposal from patient excretions to protect personnel and the community from radiopharmaceutical exposure. One of the radiopharmaceuticals commonly used in NM and having the longest half-life among the radiopharmaceuticals used in NM is iodine 131(I-131). Thus, this study used a high-purity germanium detector to measure iodine-131 (I-131) activity in liquid waste from decay tanks, temporary collection channels, the hospital’s wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) outlet, and six points around the NM service and liquid waste treatment unit. Concentration measurements in three decay tanks were carried out sequentially every 12 h for 3 d, corresponding to the therapy period. The results showed that the I-131 activity levels in the decay tanks and temporary collection channels, before being mixed with liquid waste from other units, were 95.9 × 106 ± 4.4 × 106 Bq m−3. At the point where the liquid waste from other units was mixed, the activity level decreased significantly to 472 680 ± 22 160 Bq m−3, which was below the clearance level of 107 Bq m−3. However, the recorded concentration exceeded the standard for environmental radioactivity at the hospital’s WWTP outlet, namely 37 670 ± 2040 Bq m−3. The measurement results for I-131 in the air in the open space for two nuclear buildings was above the standard at 1.3 ± 0.27 Bq m−3. According to the RESRAD simulation, based on the initial dose taken from the liquid waste treatment outlet point, the accumulation of doses and the risk of cancer among workers and the community decreased within 3 months after the maximum exposure.
Metal-organic framework derived CdSe wrapped with rGO for enhanced lithium storage performance
Authors: Wang Fengqin , Ren Qian , Sun Zhenyu , Dong Caifu , Wang Xiaoqing , Wang Yihui 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Considering the advantages of MOF-based, CdSe-based, and rGO-based materials, CdSe nanoparticles encapsulated with rGO (CdSe@rGO) were synthesized by a metal-organic framework derived method. CdSe nanoparticles encapsulated with rGO can effectively tolerate volume expansion and improve electrical conductivity, leading to excellent cycling stability (396 mAh g−1 at 0.3 A g−1 after 200 cycles, 311 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 500 cycles), and rate performance (562 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and 122.2 mAh g−1 at 4 A g−1) for lithium-ion storage. This strategy for preparing metal selenides protected by carbon layers can be extended to the design of other high-performance materials.
Numerical modelling of HTS tapes under arbitrary external field and transport current via integral method: review and application to electrical machines
*
Authors: Chow Calvin C T , Grilli Francesco , Chau K T 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Superconductors in practical use can be subjected to spatially non-uniform and time-varying external magnetic field as well as carrying a transport current, for example, in an electrical machine. This paper verifies that the integral method can be used in situations in which the external field is spatially non-uniform, by providing both theoretical reasoning and simulation results. Variations in the integral method are reviewed, such as how to impose transport current. Further, the integral method is applied to calculate ac loss in superconducting tapes in an air-cored electrical machine in a two-stage process: the external field is calculated in a COMSOL model without superconducting tapes, and exported into the integral method model that consists of the tapes only. The time taken by the integral method is a small fraction of the time taken by the full machine model in COMSOL, which uses the T-A formulation. There are good agreements between the full COMSOL model and two-stage method incorporating the integral method.
Broadband sub-diffraction focusing of oblique radially polarized wave by a high-numerical-aperture metalens
Authors: Wu Zhixiang , Zou Yiyang , Li Xinyu , Deng Hu , Xiong Liang , Liu Quancheng , Shang Liping 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Lenses with sub-diffraction focusing are extensively used in advanced optical imaging and microscope. Due to the longitudinal electric component, the radially polarized beam could offer sub-diffraction focusing by high-numerical-aperture (NA) lenses. However, slightly oblique incidence light could pose serious off-axis aberrations for high-NA metalens. ​Here, we demonstrate that a high NA (0.97) metalens design approach can simultaneously provide sub-diffraction focusing for oblique incidence and broadband operation. Simulation results demonstrate that the metalens with an aperture stop, R
stop, of 7 μm have the operating angle range of [–15°, +15°] for sub-wavelength focusing. For the case of R
stop = 9 μm, sub-diffraction focusing is realized in the oblique angle range at ±6°. Significantly, the metalens is able to realize a sub-diffraction focusing over the wavelength range 600–750 nm. These types of metalens have the important advantages of sub-diffraction focusing and broadband operation. They are also ultra-thin and easy to integrate, allowing such metalens could be used in miniaturized and integrated optical systems.