bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A retrospective study on antibacterial treatments for koalas infected with Chlamydia pecorum
Authors: Chen Chien-Jung , Casteriano Andrea , Green Alexandra Clare , Govendir Merran 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChlamydiosis remains the leading infectious disease and is one of the key factors responsible for the dramatic reduction of koala populations in South-East Queensland (SEQ) and New South Wales (NSW) regions of Australia. Possible infection outcomes include blindness, infertility, painful cystitis, and death if left untreated. Studies have reported the treatment efficacy of chloramphenicol and doxycycline, which are the two most commonly administered treatments in diseased koalas, in clinical settings. However, none have directly compared the treatment efficacy of these antibacterials on koala survival. A retrospective study was essential to identify any relationships between the demographical information, and the animals’ responses to the current treatment regimens. Associations were explored between six explanatory (sex; maturity; location; clinical signs, treatment; treatment duration) and two outcome variables (survival; post-treatment PCR). Results showed that female koalas had a statistical trend of lower odds of surviving when compared to males (OR = 0.36, p = 0.05). Koalas treated with chloramphenicol for ≥ 28 days had greater odds of surviving than when treated for < 28 days (OR = 8.8, p = 0.02), and those koalas administered doxycycline had greater odds of testing PCR negative when compared to chloramphenicol treatments (OR = 5.45, p = 0.008). There was no difference between the antibacterial treatments (chloramphenicol, doxycycline, and mixed/other) and the survival of koalas. Female koalas had greater odds of exhibiting UGT signs only (OR = 4.86, p < 0.001), and also greater odds of having both ocular and UGT clinical signs (OR = 5.29, p < 0.001) when compared to males. Of the koalas, 28.5% initially had no clinical signs but were PCR positive for C. pecorum. This study enables further understanding of the complex nature between chlamydial infection and response to antibacterial treatment.
Electromagnetic drag forces between HTS magnet and tube infrastructure for hyperloop
Authors: Choi Suyong , Cho Minki , Lim Jungyoul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMaglevs are typically accelerated using electromagnetic propulsion and levitation. High-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets along with electrodynamic suspension (EDS) and linear synchronous motors are one of the best options for Hyperloop. However, the strong magnetic fields generated by HTS magnets on the pods inevitably interact with the magnetic and conductive structures in the vacuum tubes, along with the tube itself, while the pods move through the tubes. This interaction is observed as a drag force on the pods, significantly reducing the propulsion efficiency. This study comprehensively analyzes the electromagnetic drag force (EDF) generated by HTS magnets on pods, which accounts for most of the drag forces faced by Hyperloop. Theoretical analysis and 3D FEA simulations are performed to analyze the propulsion forces with HTS magnets and all the drag forces on the pods. The EDF generated by AISI 1010 steel rebars in concrete guideways is even greater than the designed propulsion forces of 40 kN. Consequently, high-manganese (Hi-Mn) steel and insulated steel rebars are adopted and analyzed using 3D FEA simulations. The EDFs generated by the AISI 1010 steel and Hi-Mn steel vacuum tubes are determined by varying the distance between the HTS magnets and tubes at 50 and 1200 km/h, respectively; a minimum distance of 0.75 m is determined by a drag force below 8 kN within their operating velocities. Lastly, the total EDFs of the AISI 1010 steel and Hi-Mn steel tubes with EDS rails are obtained through the optimal design of rebars and tubes. The simulation results show that the total EDFs can be significantly reduced to below 10 kN (approximately 25% of the designed propulsion force after the levitation of pods).
Prediction model and demonstration of regional agricultural carbon emissions based on Isomap–ACO–ET: a case study of Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Qi Yanwei , Liu Huailiang , Zhao Jianbo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractScientific analysis of regional agricultural carbon emission prediction models and empirical studies are of great practical significance to the realization of low-carbon agriculture, which can help revitalize and build up ecological and beautiful countryside in China. This paper takes agriculture in Guangdong Province, China, as the research object, and uses the extended STIPAT model to construct an indicator system for the factors influencing agricultural carbon emissions in Guangdong. Based on this system, a combined Isomap–ACO–ET prediction model combing the isometric mapping algorithm (Isomap), ant colony algorithm (ACO) and extreme random tree algorithm (ET) was used to predict agriculture carbon emissions in Guangdong Province under five scenarios. Effective predictions can be made for agricultural carbon emissions in Guangdong Province, which are expected to fluctuate between 11,142,200 tons and 11,386,000 tons in 2030. And compared with other machine learning and neural network models, the Isomap–ACO–ET model has a better prediction performance with an MSE of 0.00018 and an accuracy of 98.7%. To develop low-carbon agriculture in Guangdong Province, we should improve farming methods, reduce the intensity of agrochemical application, strengthen the development and promotion of agricultural energy-saving and emission reduction technologies and low-carbon energy sources, reduce the intensity of carbon emissions from agricultural energy consumption, optimize the agricultural planting structure, and develop green agricultural products and agro-ecological tourism according to local conditions. This will promote the development of agriculture in Guangdong Province in a green and sustainable direction.
HER3 targeting augments the efficacy of panobinostat in claudin-low triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Lyu Hui , Hou Defu , Liu Hao , Ruan Sanbao , Tan Congcong , Wu Jiande , Hicks Chindo , Liu Bolin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPatients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have a poor prognosis and high relapse rate due to limited therapeutic options. This study was conducted to determine the mechanisms of action of panobinostat, a pan-inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and FDA-approved medication for multiple myeloma, in TNBC and to provide a rationale for effective drug combinations against this aggressive disease. RNA sequencing analyses of the claudin-low (CL) TNBC (MDA-MB-231) cells untreated or treated with panobinostat were performed to identify the differentially expressed genes. Adaptive alterations in gene expression were analyzed and validated in additional CL TNBC cells. Tumor xenograft models were used to test the in vivo antitumor activity of panobinostat alone or its combinations with gefitinib, an EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Panobinostat potently inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in all TNBC cells tested. However, in CL TNBC cells, this HDAC inhibitor markedly enhanced expression of HER3, which interacted with EGFR to activate both receptors and Akt signaling pathways. Combinations of panobinostat and gefitinib synergistically suppressed CL TNBC cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Upregulation of HER3 compromises the efficacy of panobinostat in CL TNBC. Inactivation of HER3 combined with panobinostat represents a practical approach to combat CL TNBC.
3D cell segregation geometry and dynamics are governed by tissue surface tension regulation
Authors: Méhes Elod , Mones Enys , Varga Máté , Zsigmond Áron , Biri-Kovács Beáta , Nyitray László , Barone Vanessa , Krens Gabriel , Heisenberg Carl-Philipp , Vicsek Tamás 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTissue morphogenesis and patterning during development involve the segregation of cell types. Segregation is driven by differential tissue surface tensions generated by cell types through controlling cell-cell contact formation by regulating adhesion and actomyosin contractility-based cellular cortical tensions. We use vertebrate tissue cell types and zebrafish germ layer progenitors as in vitro models of 3-dimensional heterotypic segregation and developed a quantitative analysis of their dynamics based on 3D time-lapse microscopy. We show that general inhibition of actomyosin contractility by the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 delays segregation. Cell type-specific inhibition of non-muscle myosin2 activity by overexpression of myosin assembly inhibitor S100A4 reduces tissue surface tension, manifested in decreased compaction during aggregation and inverted geometry observed during segregation. The same is observed when we express a constitutively active Rho kinase isoform to ubiquitously keep actomyosin contractility high at cell-cell and cell-medium interfaces and thus overriding the interface-specific regulation of cortical tensions. Tissue surface tension regulation can become an effective tool in tissue engineering.
Five Additional Evidence-Based Principles to Facilitate Grammar Development for Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Finestack Lizbeth H. , Ancel Elizabeth , Lee HaeJi , Kuchler Kirstin , Kornelis Miriam 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
Because the development of grammatical forms is difficult for many children with developmental language disorder (DLD), language interventions often focus on supporting children's use of grammatical language. This article proposes five additional principles to those suggested by Fey et al. (2003) to facilitate the development of grammatical forms by children with DLD. Three of the five additional principles address the selection and presentation of linguistic contexts to be used with target grammatical forms (Principles 11–13); two principles encourage the incorporation of additional intervention components: auditory bombardment and explicit instruction (Principles 14 and 15, respectively).

Method:

We present empirical evidence and, when available, describe the theoretical motivations to support each of the five additional principles. We then describe how we have integrated the five principles into 20- to 30-min intervention sessions that target regular past tense
–ed
, third-person singular
–s
, present progressive
is/are
verb
+ing
, or
do/does
questions for 4- to 8-year-olds with DLD. Each session includes four activities: sentence imitation, story retell, structured play, and auditory bombardment. We provide details of each activity, relevant materials, and illustrative examples that highlight the incorporation of each of the principles.

Results:
When targeting the development of grammatical forms in intervention, current evidence supports the use of a high degree of linguistic variability (Principle 11), the presentation of target forms in contexts that vary in difficulty (Principle 12), the presentation of target forms in sentences that vary in syntactic structure (Principle 13), the use of auditory bombardment (Principle 14), and the incorporation of explicit instruction (Principle 15). Clinicians can use these principles when targeting a range of grammatical forms in relatively short intervention sessions comprising a variety of activities.

Conclusions:
This article encourages the employment of five additional principles into grammatical language intervention. Descriptions, materials, and examples demonstrate how the principles can all be addressed within a single intervention session.
Teacher Vocabulary Use and Student Language and Literacy Achievement
Authors: Wanzek Jeanne , Wood Carla , Schatschneider Christopher 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
We sought to examine second grade teachers' word use throughout the school day to identify the amount and type of teacher vocabulary use across content areas as well as to examine relationships between this teacher talk and student language and literacy achievement.

Method:

Second grade teachers (
n
= 64) and a random sample of half of their students (
n
= 619) participated. Teachers recorded instruction during the school day throughout the year, and students were assessed on vocabulary, grammar, and reading measures in the fall and spring.

Results:
Findings reveal second grade students hear thousands of words spoken by the teacher each hour of the school day, including more than a thousand different words per hour on average. The large majority of words were the most common words in the English language. On average, there were few academic or curriculum vocabulary words used, but this varied widely between teachers. The proportion of academic words used by teachers during the school day significantly predicted students' end-of-year vocabulary. Teachers who used more academic words had students with higher vocabulary achievement at the end of the school year. There were no other significant relationships between teachers' language and student achievement.

Conclusions:
This correlational evidence adds to the existing knowledge of the importance of academic language to student school outcomes and provides implications for further research in the area of academic language at the early elementary level.
Determining the proper number of proposals for individual images
Authors: He Zihang , Li Yong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe region proposal network is indispensable to two‐stage object detection methods. It generates a fixed number of proposals that are to be classified and regressed by detection heads to produce detection boxes. However, the fixed number of proposals may be too large when an image contains only a few objects but too small when it contains much more objects. Considering this, the authors explored determining a proper number of proposals according to the number of objects in an image to reduce the computational cost while improving the detection accuracy. Since the number of ground truth objects is unknown at the inference stage, the authors designed a simple but effective module to predict the number of foreground regions, which will be substituted for the number of objects for determining the proposal number. Experimental results of various two‐stage detection methods on different datasets, including MS‐COCO, PASCAL VOC, and CrowdHuman showed that equipping the designed module increased the detection accuracy while decreasing the FLOPs of the detection head. For example, experimental results on the PASCAL VOC dataset showed that applying the designed module to Libra R‐CNN and Grid R‐CNN increased over 1.5 AP50 while decreasing the FLOPs of detection heads from 28.6 G to nearly 9.0 G.
TTN‐FCN: A Tangut character classification framework by tree tensor network and fully connected neural network
Authors: Ma Ziping , Ma Jinlin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe classification of Tangut characters plays a significant role in Western Xia research, and yet it is still a great challenge to recognize Tangut characters accurately due to the less inter‐class similarity and smaller intra‐class variation of Tangut character images. The main reason is that Tangut characters possess an extremely intricate construct despite some other character recognition methods emerging. For this reason, the authors propose a novel framework for Tangut character classification, named tree tensor network‐fully connected neural network (TTN‐FCN), in which TTN is embedded to fully connect neural network. Firstly, Tangut images are encoded into quantum product states without entanglement in pre‐processing. Then the TTN is adopted to contract quantum product states to intermediate low dimensional quantum states. Finally, low dimensional quantum states are input to the FCN network to perform classification tasks. The Model is evaluated on the Tangut character dataset that is constructed from Tangut character‐related documents by scanning and consists of 30,293 Tangut character images with 6077 categories. Experimental results show that TTN‐FCN has a faster convergence speed and achieves classification precision (AC) of 99.98% and loss of 0.688% with the max batch size 2042, which outperforms 30 compared networks. Moreover, the proposed model can also be generalized to other character recognition, which enhances its potential for cultural relic research and development.
Acetyl-11-Keto-Beta-Boswellic Acid Activates the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in Schwann Cells to Reduce Oxidative Stress and Promote Sciatic Nerve Injury Repair
Authors: Zhou Chong , Wang Yao , Zhang Qiyuan , Zhou Guanghu , Ma Xianglin , Jiang Xiaowen , Yu Wenhui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBoswellia is a traditional medicine for bruises and injuries. Its main active ingredient, acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid, has antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects. In this experiment,
we used Sprague-Dawley rats to make a sciatic nerve injury model to detect the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathway and apoptosis, combined with
clinical indicators, for testing whether acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid can reduce oxidative stress and promote sciatic nerve repair. Our results showed that
acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid administration promoted myelin regeneration and functional recovery in the rat sciatic nerve, reduced lipid peroxidation levels, upregulated the expression
of various antioxidant enzymes and enhanced enzyme activity, decreased the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins, and promoted nuclear translocation of the transcription factor
NF-E2-related factor 2 protein. In vitro studies revealed that acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid reduced H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species production,
restored mitochondrial membrane potential, upregulated the expression of various antioxidant enzymes, and downregulated apoptosis-related indicators in Schwann cells, and these therapeutic
effects of acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid were reversed after ML385 treatment in Schwann cells. In summary, acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid alleviates oxidative stress and apoptosis
caused by sciatic nerve injury in rats by activating the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathway, promotes the recovery of sciatic nerve function in
rats, and is a promising therapeutic agent to promote sciatic nerve repair by alleviating excessive oxidative stress.
Building Relationships: Advanced Practice Providers and Fellows in Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine
Authors: Forman Katie , Bruno Christie J. , Izatt Susan , Fuloria Mamta , Adams Aaron , Kim Mimi , Zuber Jennifer , Cano Nefertiti , LaTuga Mariam S. 
Published: August 2023

Objective Advanced practice providers (APPs) are a critical component of health care teams, especially in the neonatal intensive care unit. At times, APPs and neonatal-perinatal medicine (NPM) fellows may experience tension in their professional relationship. They may perceive the other's performance and abilities differently. We hypothesized that satisfaction with the APP–NPM fellow interprofessional relationship would be associated with higher perception of APP competence by NPM fellows.
Study Design We surveyed 274 medical providers: NPM fellows (24.8%), NPM program directors (24.5%), and APPs (50.7%). APPs were defined as neonatal nurse practitioners, pediatric nurse practitioners, physician assistants, or neonatal hospitalists. We obtained demographic data, information about sources of conflict in the APP–NPM fellow relationship, level of satisfaction with the relationship, and targeted interventions for improvement. NPM fellow perception of APP competence as well as APP self-assessed competence were elicited. Statistical analyses were performed with chi-square tests and Fisher's exact tests.
Results Overall, APPs and NPM fellows were generally satisfied with their relationship. All groups reported APP competence as equivalent to a third-year NPM fellow. NPM fellow perception of APP competence increased with year of fellow training. Higher perceived APP competence by NPM fellows correlated with higher relationship satisfaction scores. Difficulties with teamwork, communication and respect were associated with lower satisfaction within the APP–NPM fellow relationship.
Conclusion The professional working dynamic between these two groups is viewed positively by all. Satisfaction with the APP–NPM fellow relationship correlated with higher perception of APP competence by NPM fellows. Targeted interventions that increase NPM fellow perception of APP competence and ameliorate the difficulties encountered in the APP–NPM fellow relationship may improve this interprofessional relationship.
Key Points
Radiological Assessment of Sarcopenia and Its Clinical Impact in Patients with Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic, and Gastrointestinal Diseases: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Farook Shameema , Soni Saumya , Shantagiri Arpit , Gupta Pankaj , Sinha Anindita , Prakash Mahesh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSarcopenia is defined as a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with a risk of adverse outcomes such as physical disability, poor quality of life, and death. The diagnosis of sarcopenia is based on documentation of two of the three criteria: low muscle mass, low muscle strength, and low physical performance. Imaging-based assessment of muscle mass is preferred in both clinical and research settings. Anthropometry for the evaluation of muscle mass is prone to errors and is not recommended in the clinical setting.There is a lack of literature on the radiological assessment of sarcopenia and its association with prognosis in hepatobiliary, pancreatic, and gastrointestinal diseases. Thus, we aim to provide a review of studies that utilized radiological methods to assess sarcopenia and evaluate its impact on outcomes in patients with these diseases.
The threatened Gouldian finch preferentially forages in prescribed burnt savannas
Authors: Collett Sydney J. , Radford Ian J. , Kaestli Mirjam , Crewe Tara L. , Garnett Stephen T. , Campbell Hamish A. 
Published: August 2023

Background The granivorous finches of Australia’s tropical savannas heavily rely on a sequence of perennial and annual grass seed production to feed throughout the year. An increase in late dry season wildfires has been suggested to detrimentally effect seed production sequence and has been attributed to poor physiological condition and a reduction in fitness of granivorous finches. Early dry season prescribed burning is an asset protection management strategy often implemented to reduce the incidence of late dry season wildfire, but has also been shown to improve the abundance and nutritional quality of grass seed Aims To assess whether the Gouldian finch (Chloebia gouldiae) preferentially used areas that were subject to early dry season prescribed burning over areas that were not burnt. Methods The creation of a landscape mosaic across the landscape with varying fire histories. Then the assessment of individual finch movement and site utilisation using VHF-radio telemetry transmitters, detected by an array of static receivers deployed across the landscape. Key results Finches significantly preferred to forage in areas burnt in the early season every 2–3 years. Conclusions The study demonstrates that early dry season prescribed burning creates preferred foraging habitat patches for Gouldian finches within savanna fire mosaics.