bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of phosphate coatings on carbon steel protection from corrosion in a chloride-contaminated alkaline solution
Authors: Girčienė Olga , Ramanauskas Rimantas , Gudavičiūtė Laima , Martušienė Aldona 
Published: January 2025

The protective abilities of four crystalline Zn (PZn), Zn-Ca (PZnCa), Zn-Ni (PZnNi) and Zn-Ni-Mn (PZnNiMn) phosphate coatings on carbon steel in a chloride-contaminated alkaline solution have been studied. The chemical composition and the morphology of the phosphate coating were evaluated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, while the corrosion and porosity parameters of samples were determined by electrochemical measurements. According to XRD analysis data all investigated coatings were composed of three phases: hopeite Zn3(PO4)2 · 4H2O, phospho­phyl­lite Zn2Fe(PO4)2 · 4H2O and the substrate metal Fe. The results of electrochemical measurements revealed that after immersion into a saturated Ca(OH)2 + 1 M NaCl solution for 1 h carbon steel samples covered with the phosphate coatings possessed from four- to seventeen-fold higher Rp values in comparison to those of bare steel samples. The porosity values obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were in total agreement with the values evaluated by linear polarization measurements. To summarize the results of measurements, the low porosity medium weight PZnNiMn coating on carbon steel demonstrated effective protective properties in the chloride-contaminated alkaline solution.
Sol-gel synthesis of calcium phosphate coatings on Ti substrate using dip-coating technique
Authors: Stankevičiūtė Živilė , Malakauskaitė Milda , Beganskienė Aldona , Kareiva Aivaras  
Published: January 2025

The sol-gel chemistry route has been developed to prepare calcium phosphate / hydroxy­apatite thin films on titanium substrate by dip-coating technique. The final composites were obtained by calcination of coatings for different time at 1 000 °C. It was shown that adjustment of heating time and dip-coating conditions can be used to control the synthesis processing, phase purity and morphology of thin films. It was concluded that the formation of calcium phosphate / hydroxyapatite composites in some cases is promoted by dipping time.
Analysis of free fatty acids in soap samples by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Berneckė Simona , Maruška Audrius 
Published: January 2025

In this work a new, accurate and reliable method, which has been applied to determine the quantitative and qualitative composition of free fatty acids in samples of laundry and toilet soap, is described. Silylation as a derivatization method for analysis of free fatty acids in soap samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, using ammonium sulfate as a catalyst, a low-cost silylating agent hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and chloroform as a solvent, was evaluated. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was carried out using a DB-5 capillary column. The method was validated for linearity, precision and limits of detection and quantification. It was found that the validated method had an acceptable linearity with the determination coefficient >0.999 within the concentration range 0.005–2 mg/ml. The limits of detection and quantification were obtained from the regressive analysis and were 2.5 and 8 μg/ml, respectively. The validated method was applied for analysis of four samples of different quality soaps. The determined amount of free fatty acids in the soaps was ranging between 1.24 and 5.09%. This method can be applied to the analysis of the composition of free fatty acids in different soap samples.
Evaluation of Chemical and Sensory Properties of Fruit Bar from Blends of Banana and Paw-Paw Fortified with Protein Concentrate from African Yam Bean
Authors: Onyekwelu Chinyere Nkemakonam , Nwafor Clementina Ngozi 
Published: January 2025

This study aimed at evaluating chemical and sensory properties of fruit bar from blends of banana and paw- paw fortified with protein content from African yam bean Fruit bar samples were prepared with blends of ripe bananas and pawpaw, and protein concentrate from African yam bean in the ratios of 100:0:0, 70:25:5, 60:30:10 and 50:35:15 respectively, which were labeled as BPA1, BPA2, BPA3, and BPA4. The formulated samples were used to produce fruit bar. The proximate and vitamin composition were determine using standard methods. Sensory properties were evaluated using 9-point Hedonic scale. The results showed that the proximate composition of fruit bar samples ranged from 18.83 to18.19 % for moisture, 1.5 to 9.38 % for protein, 14.61 to 16.77 % for fat, 0.23 to 0.23% for fibre, 1.49 to 1.99 % for Ash, 63.37 to 53.45% for carbohydrate. Vitamin B2 content ranged from 0.014 to 0.022 mg/100g. Increasing proportion of protein concentrate from African yam bean in fruit bar significantly (p<0.05) increases protein, fat, ash and fibre content of fruit bar. The sensory score showed that all the samples were generally accepted but the sample with 100% banana (BPA1) was the most preferred, followed by sample produced from 70% Banana, 25% Pawpaw and 5% African yam bean. Protein content of fruit bar from blends of banana and paw- paw was improved due to addition of African Yam bean.
Self Confidence Pada Mahasiswa yang Aktif Berorganisasi dan Mahasiswa yang Tidak Berorganisasi di Kampus X
Authors: Firdaus Surya  
Published: January 2025

Students who have various challenges while living their student life. Thus self-confidence becomes important for college students. College students' self-confidence needs to be formed through various activities on college, both activities in the classroom and other activities such as college student organizations. This research aims to find differences in self-confidence between students who are active and who are not active in organizations. This research used asimple random sampling with 116 respondents. This research shows that the self-confidence of students who are not active in organizations is higher with an mean 70.948, while the self-confidence of students who are active in organizations is lower with an mean 69.465. With these results it can be concluded that the self-confidence of students at campus X does not have any significant differences so that the visible aspects are not much different.
Revisit Perito Implant® Technique : A Narrative Review
Authors: M M Afif  , Nabil Dhiya Ulhaq  
Published: January 2025

Infrapubic penile implant surgery is a viable option for patients with severe penile curvature, shortening, and impaired penile rigidity due to fibrosis of the corpora cavernosa (Sadeghi-Nejad, 2007). Studies have shown that patients who undergo penile implant surgery, particularly the infrapubic approach, experience significantly better erectile function and treatment satisfaction compared to those receiving other treatments such as sildenafil citrate and intracavernous prostaglandin E1 (Rajpurkar & Dhabuwala, 2003). The infrapubic approach offers advantages such as ease of reservoir placement, rapid implantation, and direct vision during the procedure, as well as avoiding an extra incision on the scrotum, which can hinder rehabilitation (Montague & Angermeier, 2000; Vollstedt et al., 2017). Additionally, it has been noted that the infrapubic approach can be quickly learned by urologists who are already comfortable with the transscrotal approach (Kramer & Chason, 2010). However, it is important to consider the drawbacks associated with the infrapubic approach, such as the higher risk of surgical errors during the placement of the device in the corpora (Kramer et al., 2010)
البنية التصويرية للاستعارة المكنية وإشكاليتها عند البلاغيين
Authors: شعيب يحيى 
Published: January 2025

يتحدَّثُ هذا البحثُ عن اختلافِ البلاغيين في مفهوم الاستعارة المكنية، ويحاولُ أنْ يحلِّلَ كلَّ مفهومٍ منها ورؤيَتَهُ في تحديدِ عناصِرِهَا المساهِمَةِ في بنيتها التصويرية، كالتخييل الذي يلازمُ قَرِينَتَها. ثم يطرُقُ البحثُ ظاهرة التزاحم أو التعدُّد في التحليل البياني، بين الاستعارة المكنية وغيرها من الصور. ويهدف البحث إلى تجلية التحليلات الأخرى للاستعارة المكنية، كما يهدف إلى حصر التحليلات المزاحمة لها، لتكون أداة حاضرة في ذهن المحلل البلاغي. وقد اعتمَدَ البحثُ في ذلك المنهجَ الوصفيّ التحليليّ، ومقاربة بعض التمثيلات اليسيرة.
Pengaruh Caring Perawat terhadap Tingkat Kepuasan Klien Rawat Inap dalam Pelayanan Keperawatan di Puskesmas Lendang Nangka
Authors: Kusmandi Didik 
Published: January 2025

Perilaku caring merupakan suatu sikap rasa peduli, hormat dan menghargai orang lain artinya memberikan perhatian yang lebih kepada seseorang dan bagaimana seseorang itu bertindak, karna perilaku caring merupakan perpaduan perilaku manusia yang berguna dalam meningkatkan derajat kesehatan dalam membantu pasien yang sakit, perilaku caring sangat penting untuk mengembangkan, memperbaiki dan meningkatkan kondisi atau cara hidup manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada Pengaruh caring Perawat Terhadap Tingkat Kepuasan Klien Rawat Inap Dalam Pelayanan Keperawatan Di Pusksmas Lendang Nangka dengan populasi 20 orang klien rawat inap. Teknik pengambilan sempel total sampel dengan jumlaha sample 20 orang berdasarkan cirri inklusi dan ekslusi yang telah di tetapkan. Dari hasil uji statistik dengan menggunakan uji korelasi rank sperman rho di dapatkan nilai dapatkan nilai significancy 0,105 ( p > 0,05 ) yang berarti tidak ada pengaruh sikap caring perawat terhadap tingkat kepuasan klien
ЭПИКАРДИАЛЬНЫЙ ЖИР КАК ПРОГНОСТИЧЕСКИЙ МАРКЕР ПРИ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ
Authors: Ким A , Срожидинова Н , Шек А , Фозилов Х 
Published: January 2025

The leading cause of death worldwide is cardiovascular disease. In addition to the known factors leading to CVD, in recent years much attention has been paid to obesity as one of the components of cardiometabolic syndrome. In this case, visceral obesity serves the development of various heart pathologies, leading to myocardial ischemia, the appearance of cardiac arrhythmias, as well as the progression or development of chronic heart failure. In addition to the typical sites of fatty tissue deposition, there is an area of accumulation that directly contributes to the progression of CVD - epicardial fat (EAT). Normally, EAT serves as a mechanical barrier and protects the heart from external influences. However, when it accumulates excessively, a meta-inflammatory process occurs, similar to that which develops in adipose tissue of any localization, leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and disruption of endothelial dysfunction, thereby being a trigger for destabilization.
Perlindungan Hukum Kreditur Dan Pemilik Jaminan Dalam Pelaksanaan Perjanjian Kredit Dengan Jaminan Tanah Milik Orang Lain
Authors: Istighfarin Meralda Amala 
Published: January 2025

Problems in society are growing as time goes on. One of the most popular issues right now is banking and security. The authors took research on the implementation of credit agreements for the parties with the insurance of other people's land and made it a research title. The author explains how legal protection is intended for creditors and bail owners when debitors of awanprestation and turns out the land guaranteed cannot be executed because the bailee doesn't know if the land is charged with charge rights. The new creditors found out that the debtors listed in the credit agreement weren't real people. The owner also knew the land had been charged with rights when his property was to be executed. This research is a normative legal study with a support of empirical data. Study data collected through library study, document studies and interviews. Analysis is done using qualitative data analysis method.This research shows the use of credit and legal protection for creditors and the owner of bail that is with an altruistic and restitution lawsuit that creditors can do. Other than that, An attempt to obtain creditors' legal protection can also do by filing a criminal report on fraud committed by debtors. Then, after the court issued a legal verdict, it remained, Creditors can file a lawsuit against the law and compensate for the fraud committed by debtors. his research is a normative legal study with a support of empirical data. Study data collected through library study, document studies and interviews. Analysis is done using qualitative data analysis method.This research shows the use of credit and legal protection for creditors and the owner of bail that is with an altruistic and restitution lawsuit that creditors can do. Other than that, An attempt to obtain creditors' legal protection can also do by filing a criminal report on fraud committed by debtors.Then, after the court issued a legal verdict, it remained, Creditors can file a lawsuit against the law and compensate for the fraud committed by debtors.
Keywords : Credit-Execution, Guarantee, Land, Legal Protection
Akibat Hukum Notaris Menggunakan Website Pribadi Dalam Memberikan Pelayanan Jasa Kepada Masyarakat
Authors: Kinasih Nadia Pitra , Himma Azizahtul 
Published: January 2025

The use of Notary websites is now widely used by Notary Public groups in various regions. As we know, it has not been specifically regulated in the Law on the Position of Notaries or the Code of Ethics regarding websites as intermediaries between clients and Notaries. This legal vacuum has caused Notaries to start opening services via personal websites. However, there are still pros and cons related to the use of electronic media in Notary services through websites that are currently being carried out, whether the use of websites or other electronic media is allowed or not in Notary Services and their legal consequences. The type of research used is the normative legal research method. The approach used is the statutory and conceptual approach which is analyzed using qualitative methods. The results of this study indicate that first, the use of electronic media in Notary services through websites is permitted as long as it only provides legal consultation or counseling in the civil field. While the use of electronic media in Notary services through websites that is prohibited is on the Notary's personal website containing elements of self-promotion such as including the name and title of office, exposing Notary activities on the website such as photos with clients. Second, the legal consequences for Notaries regarding the use of electronic media in Notary services are the imposition of sanctions on Notaries if they are proven to have carried out self-publication which can bring down the honor and dignity of the Notary's position in the form of a written warning and can even be subject to punitive sanctions, namely in the form of temporary dismissal, even honorable dismissal. or disrespect.
Keywords : Notary; Website; Services.
Legal Utility of Consumer Protection Law For Bread Containing Hazardous Substances
Authors: Safirah Asharin Sindy 
Published: January 2025

Food is a basic need of society which is included in primary needs. Food needs are one of the human rights that must be fulfilled, both processed and unprocessed food. Processed food such as bread is also a public choice. The distribution of bread from producers as business actors to the hands of consumers certainly goes through a series of processes to detect the presence or absence of hazardous ingredients in the bread. The role of BPOM is very important in monitoring food circulating in the community. However, there are still many business actors who use hazardous materials to produce their products. The process of registering products with BPOM does not guarantee that business actors will continue to use ingredients that are safe for consumption. In practice, business actors use ingredients that are not in accordance with the composition at the time of product registration. Although BPOM has carried out its duties in monitoring the circulation of food in the community, the product has been circulating for a certain period of time which will certainly cause harm to consumers. This raises questions related to the expediency of the Consumer Protection Law as a consumer protector where the law should make people feel happiness and pleasure in consuming products, not sadness due to losses, as the theory of expediency put forward by Jeremy Bentham. Normative juridical research type as well as statutory and conceptual approaches will be used to find the benefits of consumer protection law for consumers of bread containing hazardous ingredients and ways to achieve these benefits. The benefits of consumer protection law will be achieved if supervision, enforcement of consumer protection law and BPSK empowerment are maximized in litigation dispute resolution to increase consumer satisfaction.
Keywords : Legal Utility, Jeremy Bentham, Consumer
Keabsahan Perkawinan Beda Agama Pasca Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2 Tahun 2023
Authors: Assegaf Muhammad , Rato Dominikus , Ali Moh. 
Published: January 2025

Marriage is a sacred and noble procession to build a household that is considered legitimate from a religious and state perspective. Positive law prohibits interfaith marriages as stated in SEMA No. 2 of 2023 concerning Judges' Instructions in Adjudicating Cases of Applications for Registration of Marriages Between People of Different Religions and Beliefs. However, the judge in Stipulation Number 423/PDT.P/2023/PN.Jkt.Utr granted the request for registration of interfaith marriage applications. The legal research used in this article is normative juridical, based on an internal perspective that is able to provide legal arguments when conflicts, ambiguities, or legal gaps are found. The results of the study show that the judge's considerations in Stipulation Number 423/PDT.P/2023/PN.Jkt.Utr are inappropriate in using the legal basis. The judge is of the view that Catholicism and Protestant Christianity are still within the same scope of faith so that they are in harmony. However, the judge did not refer to SEMA Number 2 of 2023 as a legal basis for deciding the case, did not consider the norm of Article 2 paragraph 1 of the Marriage Law, did not consider the rejection from the Dukcapil Office, did not consider evidence in the form of the Applicants' Identity Cards, and finally the Judge did not consider the prohibitions of each of the Applicants' religions. The Judge should have made a decision based on the correct legal basis as a consideration so that in the future there would be no more inappropriate decisions.
Keywords : Marriage; Different Religion; Judge Consideration
Tanggung Jawab Asuransi Astra Terhadap Tertanggung Atas Kehilangan Sepeda Motor Yang Masih Dalam Proses Kredit
Authors: Purwasaputri Bella Adinda , Yasa I Wayan , Kusuma Ajeng Pramesthy Hardiani 
Published: January 2025

The Insured receives goods in the form of a motorbike on credit and then installments are made to complete the payment in full in accordance with the policy agreement between the Astra Insurance Company and the Insured. The Insurer's guarantee for loss or damage to motor vehicles provided to the Insured in the policy is coverage for collision, impact, overturning, falling over, wrongdoing, malicious acts, theft preceded or followed by acts of violence, fire, wheel damage due to accidents, and reasonable costs incurred for maintenance or transportation to a repair shop. The responsibility provided by Astra Insurance is based on the Standard Indonesian Motor Vehicle Insurance Policy based on partial loss or total loss. The insurance claim given is in cash, according to the market price of the motorbike at the time of the incident minus the amount of outstanding installment debt. The method used in this research is normative juridical legal research. The focus of legal research is by examining the application of rules or norms in applicable positive law. The author uses a statutory regulatory approach and a conceptual approach. The result of study is the liability given based on partial loss is calculated based on the cost of repairs required or replacement of damaged vehicle parts, and the total loss given is calculated based on the actual price, namely the market price of the motor vehicle at the time of the loss. Insurance claims given by Astra Insurance are in the form of cash, not in the form of vehicle units according to the initial installment contract. Astra Insurance will replace a number of losses with money based on the market price of the motorbike at the time of the incident minus the amount of installment debt still owed.
Keywords : Astra Insurance ; Credit; Insurance Rerponsibility.
La présélection informelle comme stratégie organisationnelle pour contrer la pénurie de directions d’école franco-ontariennes
Authors: Foka Marthe , IsaBelle Claire 
Published: January 2025

Depuis quelques décennies, plusieurs contextes scolaires mettent en évidence une pénurie de directions d’école. Des études suggèrent que la pratique de la présélection informelle, communément appelée la « tape sur l’épaule », influencerait l’accès au poste de direction d’école. Cette pratique a cependant fait l’objet de peu de recherches. Notre étude vise à mieux comprendre la pratique de la présélection informelle dans les écoles francophones de l’Ontario afin de répondre au défi de la pénurie des directions d’école. Les résultats d’un sondage, auquel ont participé 60 personnes, indiquent que la présélection informelle est mise en place dans le contexte scolaire franco-ontarien, et comporte des avantages qui pourraient servir de levier contre la pénurie de directions d’école. Ces résultats apportent un éclairage nouveau sur les apports de la présélection informelle et contribuent à enrichir la réflexion sur les stratégies de gestion à déployer afin d’endiguer la pénurie de directions d’école.
Effets des mutations des structures déconcentrées de l’éducation au Sénégal en contexte de gestion axée sur les résultats
Authors: Anne Abdoulaye , Sall Amadou Diop , Sakho Ibrahima 
Published: January 2025

Depuis 2012, le Sénégal a adopté la gestion axée sur les résultats (GAR) comme stratégie de gouvernance de l’éducation, en lien avec les évolutions organisationnelles imposées par un contexte international postbureaucratique visant l’amélioration des pratiques et de la performance. Le présent article analyse les effets des mutations organisationnelles des Inspections de l’Éducation et de la Formation (IEF), structures intermédiaires déconcentrées, et parties prenantes importantes des contrats de performance signés entre les paliers central, intermédiaire et local. À la lumière des changements organisationnels opérés, les performances des IEF ont été étudiées en vue de voir si ces dernières ont influencé l’environnement de ces structures. Le cadre théorique, inspiré du modèle de production de la performance de Van Dooren et de ses collaborateurs, a permis d’identifier les objectifs, les intrants et les activités mobilisés par les IEF pour produire des résultats et des effets sur l’environnement de la gouvernance de l’éducation. La méthodologie suit deux étapes : d’abord, une analyse textuelle relative à l’organisation et au fonctionnement des IEF en vue d’étudier les mutations organisationnelles; ensuite, des entrevues individuelles menées auprès de treize actrices et acteurs, soit un du Ministère et douze d’un échantillon de quatre IEF, en vue de recueillir leurs impressions sur les mutations organisationnelles et leurs effets sur l’environnement de ces IEF.