bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychomotor Skills of Domestic and Internationally Trained Dental Students in Pre‐Clinical Dental Education
Authors: Rainu Mandeep Kaur , Linke Bernard , Heo Giseon , Kebbe Maryam , Berlin‐Broner Yuli , Amin Maryam , Garcia Arnaldo Perez 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionEvidence on the pre‐clinical and clinical performance of internationally trained dental students compared with domestic students and competency standards is limited. The aim of this study was to compare, relatively and normatively, the psychomotor skills of domestic and internationally trained dental students who participated in the same pre‐clinical, 9‐week, fixed prosthodontics course.Materials and MethodsCourse grades were collected for a total of 224 domestic and 66 internationally trained dental students between 2014 and 2020. Descriptive statistics, t‐tests and chi‐square tests were used to describe and compare the two groups.ResultsAt the start of the course, slightly developed or underdeveloped psychomotor skills were observed in 47.8% of domestic students and 34.8% of internationally trained dental students; however, at the end of the course, 78.1% of domestic students and 69.7% of internationally trained dental students had developed or very developed psychomotor skills. Internationally trained dental students had significantly higher psychomotor skills at the start (p = 0.009), but not at the end (p = 0.285) of the course compared to their domestic counterparts. The improvement in psychomotor skills observed in domestic students was significantly greater than that of internationally trained dental students (p = 0.003). At the start of the course, 85.7% of domestic students and 75.5% of internationally trained dental students exhibited training needs. Training needs decreased at the end of the course in both groups but remained sizable.ConclusionsWhile internationally trained dental students outperformed domestic students at baseline, no significant differences were observed between the two groups by the end of the course. Both groups exhibited training needs at both time points, underscoring the necessity for continued scaffolded support.
Longitudinal analysis of anthropometric measures over 5 years in patients with Friedreich ataxia in the EFACTS natural history study
Authors: Lischewski Stella Andrea , Konrad Kerstin , Dogan Imis , Didszun Claire , Costa Ana Sofia , Schawohl Sara Annabelle , Giunti Paola , Parkinson Michael H. , Mariotti Caterina , Nanetti Lorenzo , Durr Alexandra , Ewenczyk Claire , Boesch Sylvia , Nachbauer Wolfgang , Klopstock Thomas , Stendel Claudia , de Rivera Garrido Francisco Javier Rodríguez , Schöls Ludger , Fleszar Zofia , Klockgether Thomas , Grobe‐Einsler Marcus , Giordano Ilaria , Rai Myriam , Pandolfo Massimo , Schulz Jörg B. , Reetz Kathrin ,   the EFACTS study group
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundFriedreich ataxia is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by frataxin deficiency. Both underweight and overweight occur in mitochondrial disorders, each with adverse health outcomes. We investigated the longitudinal evolution of anthropometric abnormalities in Friedreich ataxia and the hypothesis that both weight loss and weight gain are associated with faster disease progression.MethodsParticipants were drawn from the European Friedreich's Ataxia Consortium for Translational Studies (EFACTS). Age‐ and sex‐specific BMI and height scores were calculated using the KIGGS‐BMI percentiles for children. Height correction was applied for scoliosis. Longitudinal data were analysed using linear mixed effects models and incremental standard deviation scores and growth mixture models identified subclasses with varying BMI trajectories.ResultsFive hundred and forty‐three adults and fifty‐nine children were assessed for up to 5 years. In children, severe underweight (26%), underweight (7%), severe short stature (16%) and short stature (23%) were common. The corrected BMI percentile was stable in children, although 48% had negative incremental BMI scores over 1 year and 63% over 3 years versus 10%/year in a normal reference cohort. Overweight was common in adults (19%), with a slight increase in BMI over time. Longer GAA repeat size was linked to lower BMI in adults. Weight trajectory was not associated with ataxia progression in adults.ConclusionSignificant anthropometric abnormalities were identified, with underweight and short stature prevalent in children and overweight in adults. These findings highlight the need for regular nutritional monitoring and interventions to manage underweight in children and promote healthy weight in adults.
Progressive central cardiorespiratory rate downregulation and intensifying epilepsy lead to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy in mouse model of the most common human ATP1A3 mutation
Authors: Hunanyan Arsen S. , Verma Amitesh , Bidzimou Minu‐Tshyeto , Biswas Debolina D. , Da Cruz Emily , Srour Meredith K. , Marek Joshua , Hume Cordelia , Elmallah Mai K. , Landstrom Andrew P. , Mikati Mohamad A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to test the following hypotheses in the Atp1a3Mashl/+ mouse (which carries the most common human ATP1A3 (the major subunit of the neuronal Na+/K+–adenosine triphosphatase [ATPase]) mutation, D801N): sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) occurs during seizures and is due to terminal apneas in some and due to lethal cardiac arrhythmias in others; and Atp1a3Mashl/+ mice have central cardiorespiratory dysregulation and abnormal respiratory drive.MethodsComparison was made of littermate wild‐type and Atp1a3Mashl/+ groups using (1) simultaneous in vivo video‐telemetry recordings of electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, and breathing; (2) whole‐body plethysmography; and (3) hypoglossal nerve recordings.ResultsIn Atp1a3Mashl/+ mice, (1) SUDEP consistently occurred during seizures that were more severe than preterminal seizures; (2) seizure clustering occurred in periods preceding SUDEP; (3) slowing of breathing rate (BR) and heart rate was observed preictally before preterminal and terminal seizures; and (4) the sequence during terminal seizures was as follows: bradypnea with bradycardia/cardiac arrhythmias, then terminal apnea, followed by terminal cardiac arrhythmias. Compared to wild‐type, mutants showed (1) abnormal resting BR variability but no difference in cardiac PR, QRS, QTc, or RR intervals; (2) abnormal hypoglossal nerve firing in response to hypoxia; and (3) abnormal whole‐body plethysmography, consisting of baseline predisposition to apnea and abnormal responses to respiratory challenge.SignificanceAtp1a3Mashl/+, an alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) model, is also a revealing SUDEP model of Na+/K+‐ATPase mutation resulting in abnormal central respiratory drive and in progressive cardiorespiratory dysregulation concurrent with worsening epilepsy. SUDEP results from seizure‐triggered bradypnea/bradycardia followed by terminal apnea, then terminal cardiac arrhythmias. Because many epilepsy/SUDEP models of other etiologies manifest secondary ATPase deficiency, future studies in those models may benefit from considering possible contributions of ATPase dysfunction to SUDEP in those models too.
Efficacy of neuromodulation of the pulvinar nucleus for drug‐resistant epilepsy
Authors: Chandran Arjun Suresh , Joshi Stuti , Suresh Surya , Savarraj Jude , Snyder Kathryn , Vasconcellos Fernando De Nigris , Vakilna Yash S. , Modiano Yosefa A. , Pati Sandipan , Tandon Nitin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveThe pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus has extensive cortical connections with the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the pulvinar nucleus, therefore, carries the potential for therapeutic benefit in patients with drug‐resistant posterior quadrant epilepsy (PQE) and neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Here, we present a single‐center experience of patients managed via bilateral DBS of the pulvinar nucleus.MethodsA single‐institution retrospective review of five patients who underwent bilateral pulvinar DBS for drug‐resistant TLE or PQE was performed. Stimulation parameters were adjusted monthly as needed, and side effects were monitored. The primary outcome was the percentage reduction in patient‐reported seizure frequency in comparison to the preimplant baseline. The location of the active electrode contacts in relation to pulvinar thalami that produced the best seizure outcome was identified. Chronic sensing of the pulvinar local field potentials (LFPs) and circadian pattern of modulation of the LFP amplitudes were analyzed.ResultsFour patients (80%) experienced a >70% reduction in seizure frequency, whereas one patient had >50% reduction in seizure. Mean seizure reduction was 79% at a median follow‐up of 13 months (range = 9–21 months). No significant side effects were noted. Of all the pulvinar subnuclei, stimulation of the medial pulvinar nucleus (MPN) produced the best seizure outcome in all patients except for two, in whom active contacts in the MPN but also in more lateral and inferior locations resulted in the most significant reduction in seizures. Chronic timeline data identified changes in LFP amplitude associated with stimulation and seizure occurrences.SignificanceIn this first ever report on a series of patients undergoing bilateral pulvinar DBS for drug‐resistant epilepsy, we demonstrate that stimulation of the pulvinar and in particular the MPN is a safe and viable option for patients with nonlesional PQE or TLE. The optimal target for stimulation and relative merits of open versus closed loop stimulation should be delineated in future studies.
Partnership trajectories toward childlessness in China
Authors: Wang Yanwen , Mu Zheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveDrawing on the life course perspective, this study examined partnership trajectories of childless individuals to understand the drivers and processes of becoming childless in China.BackgroundDespite the rise in childlessness in China, little is known about the within‐group heterogeneity in partnership trajectories leading to childlessness and their sociodemographic correlates.MethodThe study employed sequence analysis and multinomial and ordinary least squares regressions using a sample of 778 childless men and women aged 40 and above from the China Family Panel Studies in 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018.ResultsFive clusters of partnership trajectories were identified: never partnered (51.8%), early marriage (24.8%), late marriage (9.4%), on‐time marriage (9.3%), and unpartnered via divorce or widowhood (4.9%). Men with low socioeconomic status were most likely to become childless through never being married, and their privileged counterparts were mostly through on‐time or late marriage. The early‐marriage and unpartnered clusters mostly consisted of women, and among women, those with an urban hukou or low education were more likely to be divorced. The overall heterogeneity in partnership trajectories to childlessness declined, and most complexity observed was limited to the unpartnered cluster.ConclusionPartnership trajectories to childlessness in China are heterogenous and stratified but increasingly homogenous.ImplicationsDue to the persistent connections between marriage and childbearing, Chinese individuals become childless through more standardized life course trajectories than before.
Long‐Term Mobility of a Harvested, Rocky‐Reef Gastropod
Authors: Seinor Kate , Purcell Steven W. , Malcolm Hamish A. , Creese Robert G. , Smith Stephen D. A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTStocks of Turbo militaris (Turbinidae) are under increasing harvesting pressure, but management is currently hampered by data deficiency. Management decisions for rocky‐reef gastropod fisheries should consider long‐term species mobility, yet this is often poorly understood. Therefore, mark‐recapture was used to evaluate annual displacement and upshore‐to‐downshore movement of T. militaris in Eastern Australia. Tags were glued onto 676 snails, their positions georeferenced and recapture surveys were conducted after 6 and 12 months. Overall, 25% of tagged snails were recaptured. Snails moved an average of 20–21 m year−1 at subtropical sites and 34–44 m year−1 at temperate sites. Movement was non‐directional, limited in upshore‐to‐downshore mixing and unrelated to animal size. T. militaris is neither sedentary nor site‐attached, and small and large snails move similarly. Our findings suggest a limited capacity for adults to repopulate other tidal zones, thus recreational harvesting could impact intertidal snails.
Risk factors associated with 30‐day mortality following COVID‐19 infection in patients receiving kidney replacement therapy in Australian and New Zealand
Authors: Kolovos Peter , Davies Christopher E. , Kholmurodova Feruza , Irish Georgina , Kulkarni Hemant , Polkinghorne Kevan R. , Dendle Claire , Pilmore Andrew , Potter Daniela , Roberts Matthew , Thomas Subi , Kotwal Sradha , Menahem Solomon 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground and AimsThe COVID‐19 pandemic impacted greatest among patients with pre‐existing chronic health conditions, including chronic kidney disease. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the 30‐day mortality of patients receiving kidney replacement therapy (KRT) after infection with COVID‐19, living in Australia and New Zealand between 2020 and 2022, including patients on haemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD) and renal transplant (KT) recipients.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study using data from the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA). Patients were included if they tested positive for COVID‐19 infection while receiving KRT between the first reported infection in January 2020 and the end of November 2022. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between KRT modality and 30‐day mortality following COVID‐19 infection, with all potential confounders included.ResultsA total of 9828 patients requiring KRT tested positive for COVID‐19 within Australia and New Zealand between 2020 and 2022. The crude mortality rate by KRT modality was 3.0% for HD, 3.8% for PD and 2.4% for KT. In the adjusted model, there was a significant increase in the odds of mortality for increasing age, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, having ever smoked and having received dialysis for ≥5 years. Relative to HD, KT recipients had increased odds of death in 2021 and 2022 but not 2020.ConclusionsThe 30‐day mortality rate following COVID‐19 infection in patients requiring KRT was significantly higher than the general population, with several risk factors identified associated with increased mortality rates.
Developing Empathy and Motivation Through an Arts‐Based Project: A Mixed‐Methods Study on Addressing Gaps in Nursing Education for Suicide
Authors: Jefferies Diana , You Wenpeng , Lane Aileen Pamonag , Ramjan Lucie , Glew Paul , Mcnally Stephen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe World Health Organisation (WHO) reports that 700 000 people die every year by suicide. An Arts Health education program was co‐designed for pre‐registration nursing students to conduct a risk assessment for self‐harm and suicide with empathy and compassion. Nursing researchers collaborated with clinicians, a theatre professional and filmmakers to develop an engaging, authentic and evidence‐based short film to be embedded in a nursing program. The education program was evaluated by second‐year pre‐registration students in a multiple‐methods study. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected concurrently. Quantitative data were collected using surveys and revealed that the debriefing session which followed the education program fostered reflection, peer learning and critical thinking. To explore the students' perceptions of the short film, qualitative data were collected using five open‐ended questions. This data was analysed to identify common themes from the qualitative data on student engagement with the short film. Four themes emerged: (1) The importance of asking risk assessment questions; (2) Making connections; (3) Developing empathy; and (4) Wanting to learn more. This Arts Health education program deepened the student's understanding of the importance of risk assessment and provided an opportunity to practice these skills in a safe environment. Conducting a risk assessment to identify the potential for self‐harm and suicide is an important clinical skill that should be mastered by all nurses. It requires communication skills that show empathy and compassion so that the person develops trust to disclose their thoughts of harm.
Cross‐Cultural Validation of Knowledge About Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Prevention Questionnaire: A Cross‐Sectional Study Among Chinese Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Wang Jizhe , Lu Xiaohong , Zhang Yan , Wang Maojing , Han Shu , Zhao Menglu , Cao Lihua , Zhao Yunxia , Wei Lili 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo cross‐culturally adapt the Knowledge about Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Prevention Questionnaire (KAFSP‐Q) for Chinese AF patients and validate its effectiveness.DesignInstrument adaptation and cross‐sectional validation.MethodsThe KAFSP‐Q was translated into Chinese by using the forward and back translation method. Experts and patients were invited to revise the questionnaire domains and items. The psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the KAFSP‐Q were evaluated, that is, its construct validity, discriminant validity, convergent validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability.FindingsThe Chinese version of the KAFSP‐Q consists of 41 items and six domains, namely, bleeding knowledge, AF complications, stroke risk and stroke prevention, stroke symptoms, AF symptoms and general AF knowledge. The Chinese version of the KAFSP‐Q demonstrated acceptable content validity (scale‐content validity index = 0.859). The exploratory factor analysis revealed six factors, which accounted for 65.725% of the total variance, and the confirmatory factor analysis revealed acceptable fit indices. The convergent validity was poor, because the average variance extracted coefficient of the six domains was lower than 0.500. The square root of the average variance extracted coefficients was higher than the bivariate correlation between the domains, which indicated an acceptable discriminant validity. Meanwhile, the internal consistency and test–retest reliability were satisfactory (Cronbach's α coefficient = 0.973, intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.872).ConclusionsThe Chinese version of the KAFSP‐Q demonstrates acceptable validity and reliability and can be used as a valuable instrument for AF and stroke prevention knowledge evaluation.ImpactIn clinical practice, the Chinese version of the KAFSP‐Q can be used to help patients increase their disease management knowledge and engage in effective disease management behaviour. Future research is necessary to confirm the psychometric properties of the questionnaire with samples that are highly representative.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
FT538, iPSC‐derived NK cells, enhance AML cell killing when combined with chemotherapy
Authors: Eckstrom Amanda , Tyagi Anudishi , Mahmood Sajid , Wong Lilly , Valamehr Bahram , Rao Adishwar , Agrawal Akriti , Siddiqui Maryam , Battula V. Lokesh 
Published: January 2025

AbstractInduced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)–derived natural killer (NK) cells offer an opportunity for a standardized, off‐the‐shelf treatment with the potential to treat a wider population of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients than the current standard of care. FT538 iPSC‐NKs express a high‐affinity, noncleavable CD16 to maximize antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity, a CD38 knockout to improve metabolic fitness, and an IL‐15/IL‐15 receptor fusion preventing the need for cytokine administration, the main source of adverse effects in NK cell–based therapies. Here, we sought to evaluate the potential of FT538 iPSC‐NKs as a therapy for AML through their effect on AML cell lines and primary AML cells. We observed that FT538 iPSC‐NKs induce effector‐to‐target cell ratio dependent apoptosis in cell lines and primary AML cells, including cells from high‐risk patients. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that FT538 iPSC‐NKs induce AML cell death when combined with the AML therapies: cytarabine, venetoclax and gilteritinib. Moreover, cytarabine did not affect FT538 iPSC‐NK viability, suggesting that iPSC‐derived NK therapies and chemotherapy may be a promising treatment combination. This study provides the basis for further study of iPSC‐derived NK cell therapies as a treatment option for high‐risk AML patients, particularly those with disease resistant to standard therapies.
Association Between Serum Levels of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Dental Floss Use: The Double‐Edged Sword of Dental Floss Use—A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Jiao Yan , Fu Zhuo , Ni Xiaofei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough evidence suggests that dental floss contains perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), it is still uncertain whether the use of dental floss contributes to an increased risk of PFAS exposure.MethodsWe analysed data on serum PFAS concentrations and dental floss usage in a cohort of 6750 adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2020. In our study, we used logistic regression, a survey‐weighted linear model, item response theory (IRT) scores, inverse probability weights (IPWs) and sensitivity analysis to assess the potential impact of dental floss usage on human serum PFAS levels.ResultsThe analysis of six PFASs revealed that dental floss users had higher serum concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) compared with non‐users, while serum concentrations of other PFASs were lower. Dental floss users recorded a lower level of overall PFAS burden score compared with non‐users. Sensitivity analysis showed a statistically significant increase in serum PFOA concentration among dental floss users.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the use of dental floss may be associated differently with serum concentrations of specific PFASs. Among a large representative sample of U.S. adults, individuals reporting the use of dental floss had lower levels of serum PFASs overall, with the exception of PFOA, which was slightly elevated. Dental floss is an important oral hygiene tool, and further research is needed to clarify its role in PFAS exposure.