bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Polymethine Dyes for Near‐Infrared Organic Photodiodes†
Authors: He Jin , Xiao Qi , Shao Ming , Li Zhong'an 
Published: January 2023

Comprehensive SummaryNear‐infrared organic photodiodes (NIR OPDs) have tremendous potential in industrial, military, and scientific applications, due to their unique features of lightweight, low toxicity, high structural flexibility, cooling‐system‐free, etc. However, the overall performance of currently available NIR OPDs still lags behind the commercial inorganic photodetectors, ascribed to the critical challenge of realizing organic semiconductors with sufficiently low optical bandgap and excellent optoelectronic properties simultaneously. Among various types of NIR‐absorbing organic semiconductors, polymethine dyes not only possess advantages of simple synthesis and structural diversity, but also show fascinating optical and aggregation features in the solid state, making them attractive material candidates for NIR OPDs. In this review, after a brief introduction of NIR OPDs and polymethine dyes, we comprehensively summarize the advances of polymethine dyes for broadband and narrowband NIR OPDs, and further introduce their applications in all‐organic optical upconversion devices and photoplethysmography sensors. In particular, the relationship between the chemical structure and the aggregation behaviors of polymethine dyes and the device performance is carefully discussed, providing some important molecular insights for developing high performance NIR OPDs.
Understanding the Target Search by Multiple Transcription Factors on Nucleosomal DNA
Authors: Kumar Mishra Sujeet , Bhattacherjee Arnab 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe association of multiple Transcription Factors (TFs) in the cis‐regulatory region is imperative for developmental changes in eukaryotes. The underlying process is exceedingly complex, and it is not at all clear what orchestrates the overall search process by multiple TFs. In this study, by developing a theoretical model based on a discrete‐state stochastic approach, we investigated the target search mechanism of multiple TFs on nucleosomal DNA. Experimental kinetic rate constants of different TFs are taken as input to estimate the Mean‐First‐Passage time to recognize the binding motifs by two TFs on a dynamic nucleosome model. The theory systematically analyzes when the TFs search their binding motifs hierarchically and when simultaneously by proceeding via the formation of a protein‐protein complex. Our results, validated by extensive Monte Carlo simulations, elucidate the molecular basis of the complex target search phenomenon of multiple TFs on nucleosomal DNA.
Tailored Charge Transfer Kinetics in Precursors for Organic Radical Batteries: A Joint Synthetic‐Theoretical Approach
Authors: Zens Clara , Friebe Christian , Schubert Ulrich S. , Richter Martin , Kupfer Stephan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Stephan Kupfer at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena. The image shows the charge transfer from TEMPO to thiophene in organic radical batteries. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202201679.
The functional anatomy of the cornea of the Shorthead lamprey, Mordacia mordax (Mordaciidae, Agnatha): A comparison between downstream and upstream migrants
Authors: Collin Hermann Barry , Ratcliffe Julian , Collin Shaun P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Shorthead lamprey Mordacia mordax (Mordaciidae, Agnatha) represents one of the earliest stages of vertebrate evolution. This study investigates the ultrastructural anatomy of the cornea, iris and anterior chamber in the eyes of this species in both the downstream and upstream migrant phases of its protracted lifecycle to assess the morphological and quantitative changes associated with growth, corneal function and vision. Using light and both scanning and transmission electron microscopy, the cornea is found to be divided into dermal and scleral components separated by a mucoid layer. A range of distinguishing corneal features are compared in the two adult phases of the lifecycle, including epithelial microprojections, mucus‐secreting epithelial cells, the number, thickness, formation and level of branching and anastomosing of collagen lamellae, the type and distribution of vertical sutures, the structure of the mucoid layer and annular ligament and the number and distribution of a large number of basement membranes throughout the cornea. Significant differences are found between the two phases, which are thought to reflect adaptations to the variable environmental conditions encountered throughout this species' lifecycle. The study provides insights into the evolutionary pressures on extant representatives of the earliest stages in the evolution of the vertebrate eye.
National trends in physical activity among adolescents in South Korea before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic, 2009−2021
Authors: Kwon Rosie , Koo Min Ji , Lee Seung Won , Choi Yong Sung , Shin Youn Ho , Shin Jung U. , Koyanagi Ai , Jacob Louis , Smith Lee , Rhee Sang Youl , Kim Hyug‐Gi , Min Chanyang , Cho Seong Ho , Yeniova Abdullah Özgür , Kim So Young , Lee Jinseok , Yeo Seung Geun , Il Shin Jae , Yon Dong Keon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic, several previous studies from different countries showed that physical activity (PA) decreased during the COVID‐19 outbreak. However, few studies have examined the recent tendency of PA in the adolescent population. Thus, we aimed to investigate the long‐term trend of PA in Korean youth and the prevalence changes between before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Data from Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web‐Based Survey (KYRBS) was collected for consecutive years between 2009 and 2021. The period was separated into prepandemic (2009−2019), early‐pandemic (2020), and mid‐pandemic (2021). Self‐reported amount of PA was categorized into four groups (insufficient, aerobic, muscle strengthening, and both physical activities) according to World Health Organization (WHO) PA guidelines. A total of 840 488 adolescents aged 12−18 who fully responded to the survey were selected (response rate: 95.2%). The 13‐year trends in the proportion of adolescents who reported aerobic and muscle‐strengthening activities met or exceeded 2020 WHO exercise guidelines for adolescents plateaued (11.9% from 2009 to 2011, 14.2% from 2018 to 2019, 14.4% from 2020, and 14.0% from 2021); however, the slope decreased during the pandemic (βdiff, −0.076; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.123 to −0.029). Proportion of sufficient aerobic exercise among adolescents sharply decreased midst the pandemic (28.0% from 2009 to 2011, 29.4% from 2018 to 2019, and 23.8% from 2020; βdiff, −0.266; 95% CI, −0.306 to −0.226) but increased again in 2021 (26.0% from mid‐COVID 19; 95% CI, 25.4−26.7). Similar patterns were observed in Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET) score (MET‐min/week; 804.1 from 2018 to 2019, 720.9 from 2020, and 779.6 from 2021). The mean difference in MET score between pre‐COVID and post‐COVID was −55.4 MET‐min/week (95% CI, −70.5 to −40.3). Through a nationwide representative study, there was no significant difference with regard to the number of Korean adolescents who achieved the PA guidelines (pre and postpandemic); however, the prevalence of recommended levels of PA needs to increase more based on the trend before the COVID‐19 outbreak. The findings of this study suggest reinforcement of the importance of public health policies for Korean youths to be more physically active, especially during and after the pandemic.
Memory impairment among recovered COVID‐19 patients: The prevalence and risk factors, a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Merza Muayad A. , Almufty Hind B. , Younis Heewa A. , Rasool Suzan O. , Mohammed Shinah A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to demonstrate the prevalence of the long‐term side effects of COVID‐19, namely memory impairment among recovered patients, and obtaining the associated factors that link with memory impairment. It is a cross‐sectional retrospective cohort study, that has been conducted from September to November 2022 in Iraq. People who were previously infected with COVID‐19 were included. The study was performed by asking people to complete a questionnaire platform by either online or face‐to‐face interview. The Memory Assessment Clinic‐Q (MAC‐Q) test was utilized, scores that are equal or higher than 25 are indicative of memory decline. Thousand two hundred and eighty‐seven participated in this study. However, only 1157 were included in the final analysis. Three hundred ninety‐nine (34.49%) have memory impairment after COVID‐19 recovery. Female gender, older age group, repeated exposure to COVID‐19 infections, severe diseases, and exposure to multiple SARS‐CoV‐2 variants were independent risk factors of memory deficit in post‐COVID‐19 survivors with a p‐value of 0.0001, 0.02, 0.0001, 0.001, 0.0001 respectively. It is crucial to pay particular attention to psychosocial rehabilitation of such risky groups. COVID‐19 vaccine administrations with booster shots are necessary steps to decrease the disease incidence and avoid subsequent post‐COVID‐19 symptoms.
Infection by SARS‐CoV‐2 with alternate frequencies of mRNA vaccine boosting
Authors: Townsend Jeffrey P. , Hassler Hayley B. , Dornburg Alex 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOne of the most consequential unknowns of the COVID‐19 pandemic is the frequency at which vaccine boosting provides sufficient protection from infection. We quantified the statistical likelihood of breakthrough infections over time following different boosting schedules with messenger RNA (mRNA)‐1273 (Moderna) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer‐BioNTech). We integrated anti‐Spike IgG antibody optical densities with profiles of the waning of antibodies and corresponding probabilities of infection associated with coronavirus endemic transmission. Projecting antibody levels over time given boosting every 6 months, 1, 1.5, 2, or 3 years yielded respective probabilities of fending off infection over a 6‐year span of >93%, 75%, 55%, 40%, and 24% (mRNA‐1273) and >89%, 69%, 49%, 36%, and 23% (BNT162b2). Delaying the administration of updated boosters has bleak repercussions. It increases the probability of individual infection by SARS‐CoV‐2, and correspondingly, ongoing disease spread, prevalence, morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality. Instituting regular, population‐wide booster vaccination updated to predominant variants has the potential to substantially forestall—and with global, widespread uptake, eliminate—COVID‐19.
Development and validation of a deep learning model to diagnose COVID‐19 using time‐series heart rate values before the onset of symptoms
Authors: Chung Heewon , Ko Hoon , Lee Hooseok , Yon Dong Keon , Lee Won Hee , Kim Tae‐Seong , Kim Kyung Won , Lee Jinseok 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOne of the effective ways to minimize the spread of COVID‐19 infection is to diagnose it as early as possible before the onset of symptoms. In addition, if the infection can be simply diagnosed using a smartwatch, the effectiveness of preventing the spread will be greatly increased. In this study, we aimed to develop a deep learning model to diagnose COVID‐19 before the onset of symptoms using heart rate (HR) data obtained from a smartwatch. In the deep learning model for the diagnosis, we proposed a transformer model that learns HR variability patterns in presymptom by tracking relationships in sequential HR data. In the cross‐validation (CV) results from the COVID‐19 unvaccinated patients, our proposed deep learning model exhibited high accuracy metrics: sensitivity of 84.38%, specificity of 85.25%, accuracy of 84.85%, balanced accuracy of 84.81%, and area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) of 0.8778. Furthermore, we validated our model using external multiple datasets including healthy subjects, COVID‐19 patients, as well as vaccinated patients. In the external healthy subject group, our model also achieved high specificity of 77.80%. In the external COVID‐19 unvaccinated patient group, our model also provided similar accuracy metrics to those from the CV: balanced accuracy of 87.23% and AUROC of 0.8897. In the COVID‐19 vaccinated patients, the balanced accuracy and AUROC dropped by 66.67% and 0.8072, respectively. The first finding in this study is that our proposed deep learning model can simply and accurately diagnose COVID‐19 patients using HRs obtained from a smartwatch before the onset of symptoms. The second finding is that the model trained from unvaccinated patients may provide less accurate diagnosis performance compared with the vaccinated patients. The last finding is that the model trained in a certain period of time may provide degraded diagnosis performances as the virus continues to mutate.
The effect of synbiotic adjunct therapy on clinical and paraclinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients: A randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Vaezi Mahsa , Ravanshad Sahar , Akbari Rad Mina , Zarrinfar Hossein , Kabiri Mona 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTherapeutic approaches with immune‐modulatory effects such as probiotics and prebiotics adjuvant therapy may be essential to combat against COVID‐19 pandemic. The present trial aimed to reveal the efficacy of synbiotic supplementation on clinical and paraclinical outcomes of hospitalized COVID‐19 patients. The current randomized placebo‐controlled trial enrolled 78 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID‐19 infection. Participants were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups that received synbiotic or placebo capsules twice daily for 2 weeks, respectively. The synbiotic capsule contains multi‐strain probiotics such as Lactobacillus (L.) rhamnosus, L. helveticus, L. casei, Bifidobacterium (B.) lactis, L. acidophilus, B. breve, L. bulgaricus, B. longum, L. plantarum, B. bifidum, L. gasseri, and Streptococcus (S.) thermophilus (109 CFU), as well as fructooligosaccharides prebiotic agent. Besides COVID‐19 clinical features, levels of proinflammatory interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), C‐reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), liver and renal function markers, as well as hematological parameters, were assessed during follow‐up. The serum level of IL‐6 was significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to the placebo after 2 weeks of intervention (p = 0.002). A significant difference was found regarding the count of white blood cells (WBC) within the synbiotic group from pre to post‐treatment (p = 0.004). The levels of ESR (p = 0.935) and CRP (p = 0.952) had a higher reduction trend in the synbiotic group relative to the placebo, with no significant between‐group differences. Other findings had no statistical differences between groups. Our results provide the support that synbiotic adjuvant therapy for 2 weeks can be effective to modulate inflammatory responses against COVID‐19 infection.
Neurocognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis and its association with thiol‐disulfide homeostasis and ischemia‐modified albumin
Authors: Can Demirdöğen Birsen , Kiliç Osman Oğuzhan , Yilmaz Ata Ayhan , Mungan Semra , Neşelioğlu Salim , Erel Özcan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the possible association between cognitive impairment and two important biochemical biomarkers of oxidative stress, thiol‐disulfide homeostasis (TDH), and ischemia‐modified albumin (IMA) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). This study included 85 patients with MS (38 treatment‐naïve relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS), 31 RRMS on fingolimod therapy, and 16 secondary progressive MS (SPMS)) and 33 healthy controls. Cognitive evaluation was carried out by applying the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) test battery and the scores were adjusted for age and years of education. Plasma TDH was assessed using an automated method and plasma IMA levels were determined using the cobalt‐albumin binding assay. Plasma native thiol and total thiol levels were significantly decreased in patients with SPMS when compared with the naïve patients and healthy controls. Cognitive impairment was detected in 47.4% of naïve patients, 64.5% of patients on fingolimod therapy, and 80% of patients with SPMS. Naïve patients or patients on fingolimod therapy who were cognitively impaired had significantly decreased levels of native thiol and total thiol compared to the cognitively normal patients. Logistic regression analysis revealed total thiol and native thiol to be significantly associated with cognitive impairment in naïve patients and patients on fingolimod therapy. Significant correlations were determined between BICAMS scores, TDH, IMA, clinical indices of disease severity (EDSS and MSSS), and magnetic resonance imaging parameters. This study has shown for the first time that plasma TDH parameters are associated with cognitive impairment in MS.
Casual Observers' Perception on the Aesthetics of the Butterfly Graft
Authors: Mims Mark M. , Shockley William W. , Clark Joseph Madison 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveThe butterfly graft is an effective technique for improving the internal nasal valve, however, there is hesitancy among surgeons due to possible aesthetic changes. This study aims to determine if average observers rated the post‐operative appearance of the butterfly graft negatively.MethodsAn online survey was distributed by social media to non‐medical observers in which they rated either the pre‐operative or post‐operative appearance of 22 patients' noses (11 butterfly graft, 11 spreader graft). A heat map was used to determine if the supratip region was rated as the least aesthetically appealing. Post‐operative ratings and heat maps of the butterfly graft patients were compared to pre‐operative ratings as well as ratings of the spreader graft group.Results226 observers responded. There was no difference in the pre‐operative and post‐operative rating of the butterfly graft group (58.27 vs. 58.00, p = 0.88) or the number of supratip regions selected as least attractive (165 vs. 169, p = 0.60). Similarly, there was no difference in post‐operative ratings between the butterfly graft group and spreader graft group (58.00 vs. 58.21, p = 0.63) or in selection of the supratip as the least attractive region (169 vs. 172, p = 0.74).ConclusionThe butterfly graft did not negatively affect observers' opinion of patients' noses.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:2578–2583, 2023
Does resident leverage volatility affect corporate profitability?: An empirical study from Chinese A‐share listed companies
Authors: Xie Guo , Li Kai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe increase in resident leverage is expected to promote the growth of retail consumption, thereby creating favorable macro conditions for companies to reduce leverage and destock. However, the increase in resident leverage in China has been accompanied by a continuous decline in the growth of retail consumption, which has a negative impact on the external environment of enterprises. The unbalanced panel data of 2218 nonfinancial listed companies in China from 2010 to 2018 were used to investigate the relationship and mechanism between resident leverage and corporate profitability. The empirical results show that the increase in resident leverage has a negative impact on the profitability of Chinese companies. In addition to the direct impact, resident leverage has a transmission mechanism that affects corporate profitability through debt level, degree of financialization, and degree of zombification. In order to avoid the heterogeneity of research results caused by differences in corporate characteristics, the heterogeneity test was conducted by distinguishing the nature of enterprise ownership, innovation input, and financing constraints. The test of the heterogeneity of enterprise ownership shows that residents' increased leverage has a greater restraint on the profitability of state‐owned enterprises than private enterprises. The test of the heterogeneity of enterprise innovation investment shows that residents' increasing leverage reduces the profitability of high‐innovation enterprises more strongly than low‐innovation enterprises. The heterogeneity test of financing constraints shows that residents' increasing leverage has a more obvious effect on reducing the profitability of companies with high financing constraints than with low financing constraints.
Performance investment and price decisions of two‐sided platforms under multiple quality regulation strategies
Authors: Jing Chang , Ke Hou , Yangpeng Zhu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractQuality regulation is an important issue in platform governance. Quality regulation strategies can be targeted either to the platform or to the complementors. Different from a large number of previous studies on a single strategy, this paper investigates the combination of several quality regulation strategies for two‐sided platforms. This paper constructs a profit maximization model to explore the optimal performance investment and price decisions of the platform under multiple quality regulation strategies. Based on the existing research, this study considers the proportion of high‐quality complementors on the optimal performance decision, so that the two types of quality regulation strategies, platform‐oriented and complementor‐oriented, can be combined. This study finds that the optimal performance investment decision is influenced by the implementation effect of other quality regulation strategies for complementors. Therefore, platform owners should combine subsidies with quality regulation strategies when making performance investments. In addition, our results demonstrate that the combination of several quality regulation strategies can eliminate the problem caused by a certain single strategy, such as free‐riding and closed platforms.
A compact 5G band N77 bandpass filter with multiple zeros based on GaAs integrated passive device process
Authors: Hu Xiao‐Jing , Yang Tao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a compact 5G band N77 bandpass filter (BPF) with multiple zeros is designed based on GaAs integrated passive device (IPD) process. The BPF consists of lumped capacitors and inductors. Hybrid resonator technology which consists of a combination of shunt and series resonant tanks are proposed to produce six transmission zeros in the stopband and significantly improve the filter selectivity. In addition, a series resonator at the output port of the filter was introduced to produce another transmission zero at the upper stopband and further improve the stopband suppression. Meanwhile, to reduce the area and insertion loss of the filter, a stacked inductor is designed by using IPD technology, which can greatly reduce the area and size of the filter. The minimum insertion loss is 1.782 dB. The size of the entire BPF is 1.3 mm × 0.7 mm.