bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulations Governing Student Internship Programme in Ghana: A Sequential Explanatory Multi-Stakeholder Approach
Authors: Arthur P. , Boampong G.T. , Dare G. A. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This paper seeks to ascertain the regulations governing students’ internship programmes in Selected Technical Universities in Ghana.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The sequential explanatory mixed methods approach was utilised. Two separate structured questionnaires were administered to 481 students and 299 senior members (lecturers and administrators) of six selected technical universities (TUs); whereas members of industry, executives of business associations and government regulatory bodies in the tertiary sector of Ghana’s education system were interviewed, using an interview guide. Data was analysed through descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and Constant Comparative Analysis.
Findings: There was no well-defined enforceable law requiring TUs to secure internship placement for students, although, some regulatory bodies insisted that TUs showed evidence of their ability to secure placements for their students for industrial training before awarding programme accreditation.
Research Limitation/Implication: The study focuses on regulations governing student internship programmes in Ghana. The study concentrated on selected Technical Universities in Ghana.
Practical Implication: The knowledge advanced in this study underscores the need for proper synergy between Technical Universities regarding regulation governing student internship which should be spearheaded by the government of Ghana through the Ministry of Education, Ghana Tertiary Education Commission acting as a facilitator, creating interfaces and providing funding and incentives.
Social Implication: The Government of Ghana can allow companies some tax exemptions or make the environment business-friendly for companies so that they can expand their operation to accept more interns.
Originality/Value: This paper synchronises the perspectives of multiple actors on the regulations governing student internship programmes.
Anatomy of Nigeria’s Economic Crisis
Authors: Onyekpe J.G.N. 
Published: January 2023

The economic and social crisis in Nigeria cannot be adequately understood outside the organisation of the political economy as a dependent capitalist one. Political independence did not lead to economic liberation from imperialism as the structural and institutional foundations of imperialism were strengthened at independence and over the post-independence period. The crisis is aggravated by the continuous haemorrhage of resources from the country to the metropolitan world, lack of perspective macro-economic planning, non-diversification of the economy, and the use of the state and its organs and agencies by the ruling political elite to plunder the resources of the state. All efforts towards resolving the crisis have been a disastrous failure because most of the blueprints are formulated by the metropolitan states and their agencies with the ultimate aim to keep the state in unequal relations with the metropolitan states. Internally formulated policy instruments and economic measures have had little or no impact because they have mostly been wrongheaded. It is our argument in this paper that, the choice before the ruling elite is between the minimum programme of reforms to expand production and meet the basic needs of the people or the maximum programme of popular democratic revolutionary change of the existing political and social order.
The Contribution of The Language Use in The Outdoor Advertisements: Evidence From SMEs in Dar Es Salaam
Authors: Ojwang’ E. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This study focused on the contribution of language use in outdoor advertisements through analysis of both linguistics and paralinguistics features.
Design/Methodology/Approach: An explanatory research design was employed to enable the researcher to integrate both quantitative and qualitative data to explain the contribution of language use for effective outdoor advertisements. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and interviews. The sampling technique was stratified where forty outdoor advertisements were identified from four clusters of SMEs: macro, micro, medium, and large enterprises, and 12 respondents for both interviews and 108 respondents for questionnaires.
Findings: The findings prove that both small and micro enterprises place their outdoor advertisements along the road and near their working place (bus stands), while medium and large enterprises go for billboards and wall painting. Linguistic features found are adjectives, exaggeration, repetition, assonance, slogans, commands, and catchy phrases. While paralinguistics founds were colour, images, names, size, and numbers. The appropriate use of language attract, influence, assure, and encourage customers to act by purchasing, seeking clarity, concentrating, or others. Finally, the study established that language uses contribute to the effectiveness of outdoor advertisements by enabling a message to be well sent to the customers.
Research Limitation: The researcher found some problems such as unwillingness to respond to the questions which reduced the number of respondents.
Practical Implication: The findings will encourage SMEs to use appropriate language for better output and customers will have the assurance of the product.
Social Implication: This study will add new knowledge to producers, suppliers, and customers.
Originality/Value: This study assessed the contribution of language use in an outdoor advertisement by focusing on both linguistics and paralinguistic features. The finding provides evidence of the influence of language use on attracting customers to purchase or ignore the product or service.
Fetal-Maternal Outcomes of Induction of Labour Among Women Delivered at Regional Referral Hospitals In Dar Es Salaam Tanzania
Authors: Chuwa S. , Chiduo M. , Sylvester B. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Africa has a very low rate of induction of labour with high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. However fetal-maternal outcomes following induction of labour are not well documented in Tanzania. This study aimed to assess fetal-maternal outcomes following induction of labour among women delivered at Dar es Salaam regional referral hospitals in Tanzania.
Design/methodology/Approach: A total of 301 expectant mothers were recruited in a prospective observational study conducted at all regional referral hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Data on fetal-maternal outcomes were collected using a pre-designed clinical sheet. Demographic data, obstetric history, methods as well as outcomes of labour induction were recorded. The continuous variables were summarized using the median and corresponding interquartile range. Categorical variables were summarized using frequency and proportions and the significance of differences were assessed using Chi-square at P<0.05.
Results: The leading methods for induction of labour were Oxytocin (48.5%) and a combination of Folley’s catheter with Oxytocin (28.4%). Induction of labour significantly improved fetal outcomes at birth P<0.05. Induction of labour associated with improved Apgar scores in newborn babies. Failure of induction of labour was the largest contributor to the increased Caesarean Section rate observed in this study.
Research limitation/Implication: This study has therefore explored the fetal-maternal outcomes following induction of labour in Tanzanian regional referral hospitals.
Practical implication: Induction of labour improves and minimizes neonatal complications in referral regional hospitals in Dar es Salaam.
Originality/Value: These findings fill a gap of information which was missing on the fetal-maternal outcomes following induction of labour among expectant mothers in Dar es Salaam regional referral hospitals.
Concept of Equivalent Stress Criterion For Predicting Failure of Brittle Materials
Authors: Sackey S. M. , Ngewana T. Z. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: A paucity of proven failure criteria for brittle engineering materials exists, and this paper intends to present and validate a novel concept of equivalent stress criterion for predicting the failure of brittle isotropic homogeneous materials based on the concept of effective causative failure stress.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Mathematical modelling is first performed based on strain-state equivalence, followed by conversion to the equivalent causative stress. The model is then validated with experimental and other data and with comparisons to traditional models. The material studied is BS 1452 Grade 250 continuous-cast grey cast iron with a Young’s Modulus of 39 000 MPa and ultimate tensile strength of 290 MPa. The test samples were prepared square in shape 12 mm x 12 mm to enable stresses in two perpendicular directions. Data is generated from uniaxial and bi-axial tests, performed using a standard universal testing machine, INSTRON 880, improvised to enable bi-axial recordings.
Findings: Results point consistently to higher fidelity and transparency of the new model in representing the state of stress, especially in the second and fourth quadrants of the principal stress diagram, where Rankine’s criterion completely ignores stress differences and Mohr handles shear stresses in a suboptimal fashion. Both the maximum principal stresses and maximum shear stresses predicted by the proposed model are found to be somewhat greater than those from the traditional models, indicating higher accuracy and greater aggressiveness in prediction. The findings have further revealed that shearing effects play a greater role in the failure of engineering brittle materials than traditional failure theories have considered.
Research Limitation: The study involved improvisation to enable biaxial stress recordings. This process was not perfect, resulting in smaller-than-ideal values of the lateral stresses.
Practical implication: The study recommended process and equipment development toward perfecting multiaxial tests.
Social implication: The survey will enrich the literature with pertinent design methodology to help in product design, including social-interest products.
Originality / Value: Since truly homogeneous materials are known to withstand very high hydrostatic pressures, direct stresses alone do not constitute valid failure criteria for all loading conditions.
Friendship and Courtship in The Era of Smartphone: Experience from Youths in Higher Learning Institutions in Dodoma Municipality Tanzania
Authors: Churk J. P. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: As technological advancement in terms of digital communication is increased, the use of smartphones among individuals as a source of information and community practices also increased. The study examined the role of the smartphone in building friendships and courtships among youth in public academic institutions in Dodoma Municipality.
Design/ Methodology/ Approach: The study used mixed methods including surveys and interviews to understand the way youths utilise smartphones in building friendships and courtship. Descriptive and content data analysis were used to analyse the data.
Findings: The findings revealed that smartphone has significantly enabled youth to access valuable information about their intimate friends and courting partners. It also revealed that functions provided by smartphone enabled youth to keep their partners closer by utilising social media networks.
Research Limitation: The study focused only on youths in Higher Learning Institutions in Dodoma City, Tanzania thus limiting generalisations.
Practical implications: The study recommends the need for a policy that protects personal information shared through a smartphone for the wellbeing of youths and society’s digital practices.
Social implications: The personal data protection policy will help to protect the privacy rights of youths and all members of the community in general, against any possible abuse which has gained unprecedented attention, especially in the current information age.
Originality/ Value: The study will contribute to improving policy decisions to protect the current digital generation against the violation of personal data shared via digital communication.
Assessing The Acceptability of Packaged Yam Strips as Convenient Food
Authors: Kplorlanyuie D. M. , Cowther S. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The aim of the study was to process, package and store yam strips as frozen food for use as convenient food. Two cultivars of white yam (Discorea rotundata), were used for the study.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The cultivars were processed into strips and packaged in a 1.5kg polyethylene bag which was designed and labelled for the purpose. The packaged product was frozen using an Ocean freezer at a temperature of -18oC for storage studies over four weeks at the chemistry laboratory of the CSIR- Food Research Institute Accra. The frozen yam strips were fried and presented to 50 evaluators every week for four weeks for assessment in order of preference concerning their sensory attributes (size, colour, aroma, taste, moistness, hardness, crispiness, sogginess and overall acceptability). Purposive and random sampling techniques were employed in selecting the respondents.
Findings: The result of the sensory evaluation showed that fried yam strips were found to be acceptable as most of the evaluators indicated that they were satisfied.
Research Limitation: Due to time factors and finance the laboratory analysis was carried out for only four weeks. However, it is ideal to conduct the storage studies over a year to determine the shelf life of the yam samples for at least one year.
Practical implication: Hotels, restaurants, and takeaway food operators including domestic users can benefit a lot since the yam is minimally processed and require no preparation before frying. It saves time and labour.
Social implication: The development of yam into a convenient food product and high-quality packaging can contribute immensely by adding value to the crop thereby increasing yam availability in all seasons. This can boost yam production and improve the livelihood of the people in rural and urban centres.
Originality/Value: This study is the creative work of the authors and it has not been conducted and published by any Technical university in Ghana. We are in an era where consumer demand for minimally processed food is high and the need for reduced preparation and cooking time of food, it is becoming unattractive to sell whole yam tubers to the working class since the yam could be processed and used as convenient food.
Navigating and Creating Virtual Art Exhibition
Authors: CSEA Contributors  
Published: January 2023

During the various stages of the Covid 19 pandemic, artistic practices have become increasingly important in managing the complexity of the impacts of the pandemic (Sabol, 2022). From simple rainbow drawings to musicians performing from their balconies, creating art has been essential to navigating these unprecedented times as we encounter our lives through different lenses due to new and shifting realities. In 2021, Dr. Julie Ethridge, Vice President of the CSEA/SCÉA invited artists of all artistic backgrounds to submit work that was shaped and created during the first 12 months of the global pandemic that addressed how (if) the pandemic intersected with their artistic practice. The works that were included in the virtual exhibit that ran from July to October 2021 are shown here, with the artist’s statements.
MAKNA ZONASI LITURGI GEREJA KATOLIK SANTO IGNATIUS LOYOLA
Authors: Florida da Cunha Clara , Salura Purnama 
Published: January 2023

Abstrak - Setelah diadakan Konsili Vatikan ke-II, Gereja Katolik yang cenderung hangat dengan identitas langgam gotik kini bentuknya semakin beragam karena gereja mulai menerima keragaman dimuka bumi. Bentuk bangunan gereja yang beragam ini tidak memperlihatkan fungsinya sebagai rumah Tuhan. Bentuk gereja ada yang terlihat seperti mall, museum, stadion, dan sebagainya. Sedangkan fungsi utama gereja adalah untuk menampung kegiatan liturgi yang merupakan aktivitas simbolik untuk memuji dan menyembah Tuhan. Aktivitas dalam ruang mempengaruhi kebutuhan ruang, sama halnya dengan aktivitas liturgi yang bergerak secara linear sehingga mempengaruhi bentuk gereja yang linear. Paus Benediktus XVI menjadi khawatir dengan pemudaran makna pada gereja katolik, sehingga membuat kongregasi untuk membahas makna sakralitas pada gereja. Hal ini menjadi penting dibahas untuk melihat makna bentuk Gereja Katolik yang memusat apakah serupa dengan makna gereja yang sesuai dengan aktivitas linearnya. Dengan itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkap makna zonasi liturgi Gereja Katolik Santo Ignatius Loyola dengan pendekatan Spektrum Makna.
Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif-deduktif. Metode pertama adalah, mengumpulkan data kolektif dengan merekam data objek studi dan membuka bangunan menjadi 3 zona ruang liturgi, yakni Narthex, Nave dan Sanctuary dengan teori property komposisi. Kedua, membuat acuan denah dan ruang liturgi Gereja Katolik dengan pendekatan Martasudjita, Eliade, Hoffman, Jones, dan Barrie. Ketiga, pengumpulan data analisis dengan wawancara triangulasi sumber kepada arsitek, pengguna gereja, dan pengunjung gereja dengan skala semantik. Keempat, menggunakan teori Spektrum Makna untuk mengungkap makna yang terdapat pada tiap zona ruang liturgi.
Hasil yang ditemukan adalah makna zonasi liturgi Gereja Santo Ignatius Loyola didominasi pada makna kesepakatan kolektif dengan adanya hubungan sebab-akibat buatan manusia. Makna dari hubungan sebab akibat buatan manusia menciptakan kesepakatan universal sehingga komposisi ruang dan elemen-elemen arsitektur membentuk gereja yang sangat erat dengan makna simbolik yang mendukung kegiatan liturgi dengan baik dan mengungkapkan makna nilai simbolik yang melandasi perayaan iman kegiatan liturgi. Dengan penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi untuk para arsitek teoritisi maupun praktisi, pengelola gereja, dan masyarakat awam untuk memahami komposisi ruang dan elemen-elemen arsitektural yang membentuk makna arsitektur Gereja Katolik.

Kata Kunci: Gereja Katolik, Makna, Bentuk, Liturgi, Spektrum Makna
TATA RUANG DAN BENTUK ARSITEKTUR JAWA PADA RESTORAN PLATARAN DHARMAWANGSA DI JAKARTA
Authors: Widhianingtyas Audy , Aly Sudianto 
Published: January 2023

Abstrak - Salah satu cerminan kekayaan budaya Indonesia adalah arsitektur tradisional, tak terkecuali arsitektur Jawa yang sarat makna. Sayangnya, eksistensi arsitektur tradisional di era modern kian memudar. Adanya Plataran Dharmawangsa sebagai contoh pelestarian arsitektur Jawa meski telah mengalami penyesuaian pada fungsi dan desain menimbulkan ketertarikan untuk mempelajari bagaimana tata ruang dan bentuk arsitektur Jawa pada restoran Plataran Dharmawangsa di Jakarta.
Untuk memperoleh jawaban dari pertanyaan, dilakukan kajian teori untuk mendasari penelitian ini. Teori yang dikaji adalah teori tata ruang dan bentuk arsitektur Jawa, ditinjau dari aspek orientasi, zonasi dan ruang-ruang, bentuk bangunan tradisional, elemen pembentuk ruang (konsep kepala-badan-kaki), struktur dan konstruksi, serta ornamen, hingga diperoleh rangkuman sebagai alat analisis.
Pada Bab 3, dipaparkan data-data terkait dengan objek penelitian yaitu Plataran Dharmawangsa berkaitan dengan teori arsitektur Jawa yang telah dipelajari pada bab 2, dimulai dari aspek orientasi, zonasi, ruang, massa, elemen pembentuk ruang, struktur, dan ornamen yang ada lewat foto-foto dan deskripsi. Pemaparan ini berfokus pada Ruang Sedap Malam, Ruang Kenanga, Ruang Melati, Ruang Kantil, dan Surau.
Pada Bab 4, tata ruang dan bentuk arsitektur Jawa pada objek dianalisis dari keenam aspek, menggunakan alat analisis di bab 2. Hasilnya ditentukan dengan parameter ‘sesuai’, ‘penyesuaian’, atau ‘tidak sesuai’, dan kemudian dirangkum.
Pada Bab 5, disimpulkan bahwa dapat ditemukan tata ruang dan bentuk arsitektur Jawa pada restoran Plataran Dharmawangsa di Jakarta dengan adanya penyesuaian pada tiga aspek. Dari segi ruang, aspek orientasi dan zonasi ruang telah mengalami pergeseran akibat faktor geografis dan penyesuaian fungsi. Dari segi bentuk, penyesuaian terdapat pada aspek elemen pembentuk ruang, khususnya variabel pelingkup yang kini dikombinasikan dengan material dinding yang lebih transparan. Hal ini mendukung keharmonisan dengan alam dan menyatukan keragaman fasad pada Plataran Dharmawangsa. Tata ruang dan bentuk arsitektur Jawa ini kini menjadi karakteristik dan nilai tambah bagi restoran Plataran Dharmawangsa, dengan aktivitas restoran yang tetap dapat terwadahi dengan baik.
Kata Kunci: tata ruang, bentuk, arsitektur Jawa, restoran, Plataran Dharmawangsa, Jakarta
Impacts of Covid-19 on Global Inflation and Unemployment
Authors: Fatima Bushra , Maqbool Fareeha , Maqbool Hina 
Published: January 2023

Objective: The COVID-19 virus disrupted the international system and trade patterns, resulting in panic and public health crises throughout the globe. The COVID-19 epidemic sparked a financial catastrophe with far-reaching consequences that outstripped the global financial crisis. The goal of this research is to see how the changes brought on by the COVID-19 epidemic affect global inflation and the jobs of individuals causing unemployment. This article is divided into two sections, considering inflation and unemployment the COVID-19 globally. Methodology: The methodology adopted for this study is empirical documentary research selecting first-hand research produced by international governmental and non-governmental organizations, newspapers, research articles of all categories as well as research published in scholarly journals available at online databases such as Taylor and Francis and JSTOR. The analysis has been done by applying the technique of content analysis.
Findings: According to estimates, the virus slowed global economic growth in 2020 to roughly -3.2 percent on an annualised basis, with a recovery of 5.9 percent expected in 2021.
Implications: According to consensus projections, the economic slump in 2020 will be less severe than previously anticipated, thanks in part to the fiscal and monetary policies implemented by governments in 2020.