bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Science under Sanctions: the Experience of Iranian Universities
Authors: Dezhina I. G. 
Published: January 2023

The research article analyzes how science in Iranian universities has evolved during years of sanctions, and what Russian universities can learn from this experience. The study focuses on the periods, goals, and outcomes of the state science policy in Iran toward universities. The author has developed the typology of sanctions affecting scientific research in universities and systematized measures used to overcome them. This typology applies to Russian universities as well. The practices of Iranian universities aimed at overcoming sanctions have been verified and clarified using the data from an expert survey conducted among researchers of Iranian origin working in Russian universities.The analysis has shown that the government policy was oriented towards achieving quantitative goals, related mostly to publication activity and the inclusion of universities in international rankings. Later the emphasis shifted to strengthening the practical impact of university science, as well as to the development of international cooperation. Universities were able to increase the publication output but barely contributed to economic growth. Sanctions are the limiting factor, especially since universities had to find by themselves ways to overcome them. Iranian academic diaspora, especially in the United States, played an important role in this process, and Iranian universities manage to remain included in international scientific cooperation.The article may be of interest to researchers studying the problems of scientific development under sanctions, as well as to university managers dealing with international scientific cooperation.
Structure of comorbidity in ascending aortic aneurysm
Authors: Goncharova I. A. , Panfilov D. S. , Belyaeva S. A. , Kozlov B. N. , Nazarenko M. S. 
Published: January 2023

Aim. To analyze the comorbidity structure in patients with ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) in the Siberian Federal District (SFD).Material and methods. The study included 163 patients (114 men (56,8±12,1 years) and 49 women (59,4±10,4 years)) with ascending TAA, who underwent open surgical treatment at the Cardiology Research Institute of the Tomsk National Research Medical Center. Concomitant pathologies were assessed on the basis of anamnesis and paraclinical investigations. Comparison of the prevalence of concomitant diseases in the group of patients with ascending TAA between men and women, as well as between patients ascending TAA in the SFD, other groups of patients with this pathology, population samples and patients with other cardiovascular diseases was performed using the χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test in the Statistiсa 12 program.Results. In patients with ascending TAA, hypertension (67,5%), bicuspid aortic valve (44,2%), coronary artery disease (38,6%), arrhythmia (31,3%), and heart failure (27,6%). Atherosclerosis of the aorta, coronary and carotid arteries occur with a prevalence of 12,9%, 16,6% and 5,5%, respectively. Among other forms of pathologies, the most common are connective tissue dysplasia (65,6%), obesity (12,3%), and chronic obstructive bronchitis (9,8%). In men with ascending TAA, myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation are detected more often than women (11,4% and 20,2% vs 2% and 6,1%; p<0,05), and in women — carotid atherosclerosis and impaired cerebral circulation (12,2% and 18,4% vs 2,6% and 5,3%, p<0,05). Compared to other compared groups, aortic, coronary and carotid atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, and type 2 diabetes were less frequently recorded in patients with ascending TAA in the SFD.Conclusion. Patients with ascending TAA in the SFD are characterized by a complex structure of comorbidity, including both cardiovascular pathologies and related risk factors, and other pathologies, including diseases of the lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, infectious and cancer diseases. To confirm the presence of inverse comorbidity between ascending TAA, atherosclerosis of other location, and type 2 diabetes, large-scale epidemiological, morphological, and molecular genetic studies are needed, which will reveal the fundamental mechanisms underlying it.
Social and communicative adaptation of first-year students at a medical university
Authors: Chumakov V. I. , Shishkina E. V. , Chumakov I. V. 
Published: January 2023

Aim. The article is devoted to the analysis of social and communicative of first-year students at a medical university. The aim was to generalize and systematize scientific views on adaptation of first-year students, highlight the criteria for student adaptation, substantiate the prospects for further research.Material and methods. The use of methods for studying scientific and methodological literature, evaluating information obtained during theoretical analysis, comparison, grouping of data, generalization, made it possible to form the original questionnaire "Assessment of socio-communicative adaptation of first-year students in a medical university." The study involved 338 first-year full-time and part-time students of the Volgograd State Medical University.Results. The theoretical analysis of literature made it possible to identify the features of the functioning of a first-year student at a medical university, to substantiate the social and communicative adaptation of the individual as a necessary condition for the formation of a future specialist.The role of mental health of an individual in the process of achieving the necessary level of adaptation in the conditions of the educational process of the medical university is indicated. We have explicated the external and internal criteria for the adaptation of a university student, on the basis of which a questionnaire was compiled. The survey of students, the interpretation of the data obtained indicates both positive results and the fact that many first-year students question their academic success at the beginning of their studies and note their insufficient home preparation, as well as lack of time for various extracurricular activities.Conclusion. Socio-cultural adaptation of a first-year student is a long multifactorial process of changing the nature of connections, the student’s attitude to the content and organization of the educational process in a medical university. On the other hand, modern professional standards require a high level of communicative competence formation from a specialist. The relationship between the academic performance of a student and the degree of adaptation in the specific conditions of the pedagogical process at a medical university is revealed. We consider the development of a student community model with the involvement of professional psychologists to organize psychosocial assistance to maladjusted students as a prospect for the study.
Monitoring the quality of training programs for internists and general practitioners
Authors: Drapkina O. M. , Astanina S. Yu. , Shepel R. N. 
Published: January 2023

The article considers the problem of monitoring the quality of training programs for internists and general practitioners, conducted during 2020-2022. The aim was to develop a methodology for monitoring the quality of programs implemented by internal medicine departments of universities in subjects of the Russian Federation.Monitoring the quality of educational programs is determined by the compliance of their content with the requirements of professional standards, federal educational standards, healthcare delivery procedures and clinical guidelines. Evaluation of the quality of programs makes it possible to identify promising areas. Targeted methodological recommendations contribute to the development of a unified educational space for the training of internists.
Classification of Some Barley Cultivars with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: BAYRAM Fatih , YILDIZ Mustafa 
Published: January 2023

The homogeneity of the seeds is an important factor in terms of processing, transportation, storage, and product quality of agricultural products. It is possible to classify the grain polymorphism of barley cultivars, which are economically important among cereal crops, in a short time with computer vision methods with high accuracy rate and almost zero cost. In this research, a novel image database consisting of 2800 images were created to classify 14 barley cultivars. Six different deep convolutional neural network models were designed based on a transfer learning method with pretrained DenseNet-121, DenseNet-169, DenseNet-201, InceptionResNetV2, MobileNetV2 and Xception networks. The models were trained and evaluated with test-time augmentation method, the best performance was obtained from DenseNet-169 model with average 96.07% recall, 96.29% precision, 96.07% F1-score, and 96.07% accuracy on a test set independent of the training set. The results showed that the transfer learning method performed using additional layers such as dropout and data augmentation with sufficient data samples in these images with high similarities prevented overfitting by increasing the model performance. As a result, it can be suggested that the provided web tool based on the transfer model has an encouraging performance in identifying seedswith a high number of cultivars such as barley.
The relationship between the use of orthotics and foot deformity in cerebral palsy
Authors: KOCA Tuba Tülay 
Published: January 2023

Aim: Foot deformities are seen in more than 50% of children with cerebral palsy (CP). These deformities may cause gait deviations and mobility disorders over time. We aimed to examine the relationship between orthosis use, gait disturbances, and foot deformities in patients with cerebral palsy. Here, we aimed to analyze the relationship between orthosis use and foot deformities.
Materials and Methods: The study was designed as cross-sectional, descriptive. One hundred and two patients who were admitted to Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Health Care Committee were included. All patients were questioned about their age, birth history, maternal education level, orthosis use, surgery, and botulism toxin application.
Detailed neurological examination of all participants (including walking analysis and spasticity) was performed by the same experienced physiatrist.

Results: A total of 102 patients (41 males/61 females; mean age 10.1 ± 6.8 years) were included in the study. The most common type of CP was spastic tetraparesis (37.3%). Most commonly, crouch gait was observed in 23.5% of the patients.
The rate of orthosis use in the lower extremity was 21.6%. The median duration of the use was 60 min/day, and the most frequent orthosis type was knee ankle foot orthosis (6.9%). Foot deformities were found in 84.3% of the patients (29.4%), and the most common foot deformity type was equinovarus. Also, 15.7% of the patients had botulism toxin application, and 9.8% had surgery. Foot deformity was observed less frequently in orthosis users (P= 0.042). Foot deformity was observed in 54.5% (n = 12) of the patients using orthosis. A negative correlation was found between spasticity score and ambulation (P= 0.00).

Conclusion: Foot deformities were found high in non daily orthosis use group. With the widespread use of orthosis in children with CP, the development of foot deformities can be prevented.
Forecasts of the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake
Authors: Harris Ruth A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The magnitude (Mw) 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake struck the San Francisco Bay area of central California at 5:04 p.m. local time on 17 October 1989, killing 62 people and generating billions of dollars in property damage. Scientists were not surprised by the occurrence of a destructive earthquake in this region and had in fact been attempting to forecast the location of the next large earthquake in the San Francisco Bay area for decades. This article summarizes more than 20 scientifically based predictions made before the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake for a large earthquake that might occur in the Loma Prieta region. The predictions geographically closest to the actual earthquake primarily specified slip on the San Andreas fault northwest of San Juan Bautista. A number of the predictions did encompass the magnitude of the actual earthquake and at least one approximately encompassed the along-strike rupture length. Post-Loma Prieta studies of the 1906 San Francisco, California, earthquake in the Loma Prieta region of the San Andreas fault zone show the Loma Prieta and 1906 events with different senses of slip and fault-plane dip. Therefore, some have argued that the 1989 earthquake was not foreseen, even though (1) this earthquake appears to have released much of the horizontal strain accumulated since 1906, and (2) not all of the forecasts were based on 1906 behavior.
Maximum spectral energy for seismic magnitude estimation. Part I: Rayleigh-wave magnitude
Authors: Yacoub Nazieh K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A method for accurate estimation of surface-wave magnitudes is presented as an alternative to Ms, the classical time-domain magnitude. The salient features of the method are the use of velocity and frequency windows to isolate seismic phases and the use of maximum spectral energy to characterize ground motion for magnitude estimation. Rayleigh-wave ground motion estimated by the new method is generally consistent, but not identical, to that measured in the time domain. The estimated ground motion is used to determine Rayleigh-wave spectral magnitudes for 27 presumed nuclear explosions, from several test sites. These magnitudes are studied for their accuracy and for their transportability between nuclear explosion test sites. For accuracy, we compare spectral magnitudes MR with their corresponding time-domain-measured magnitudes Ms. The comparison encompasses network magnitudes and their standard deviations and magnitude residuals. For transportability, we studied the variations in mb (body-wave magnitude), Ms (time-domain magnitude), and MR (spectral magnitude) for network-averaged mb-equivalent presumed nuclear explosions at the Shagan River and the Qingger test sites. These studies showed that this spectral magnitude has a smaller error than classical time-domain Ms and that it is transportable between the two test sites.
An evolutionary programming method for estimating layered velocity structure
Authors: de Groot-Hedlin Catherine D. , Vernon Frank L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFor most geophysical inverse problems, one solves for an Earth model that minimizes the misfit between the observed data and observational predications determined from forward modeling. However, the solutions to such problems are almost always nonunique, as some of the model parameters are poorly resolved by the data. We have developed a novel form of evolutionary programming (EP) that solves directly for a broad cluster of models that adequately fit the data. We obtain improved performance of the EP algorithm by rotating the model parameter axes at each generation so that the axes are aligned perpendicular and parallel to long valleys in the misfit surface. The rotated axes are defined by the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix of the set of models; the mutation rate in each new direction varies with the square root of the corresponding eigenvalue. This modified EP method finds a wide range of models satisfying the data, allowing one to determine the uncertainty in the model parameters. We illustrate this EP method by applying it to the problem of determining velocity structure from regional travel-time data. Application of this method to a travel-time data set generated from a model that includes a low-velocity zone (LVZ) illustrates that it successfully finds a wide range of models within the broad minimum that includes the initial solution. We apply the method to regional travel-time data recorded at the Kyrgyz broadband network (KNET) and find that velocities are well resolved, except at depths of 25 to 50 km.
A hybrid numerical technique, combining the finite-element and boundary-element methods, for modeling the 3D response of 2D scatterers
Authors: Zhang Bin , Papageorgiou Apostolos S. , Tassoulas John L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA hybrid formulation of the 2.5D elastodynamic scattering problem combining the finite-element method and boundary integral equation method is presented and validated. The formulation of the 2.5D boundary integral equation method that is used was presented in detail by Papageorgiou and Pei (1998) and is an extension of the discrete wavenumber boundary integral equation method originally proposed by Kawase (1988) for 2D scattering problems. Modeling of the wave field in the domain of the scatterer is based on the variational principle of virtual displacements, and discretization of the domain is accomplished using the finite-element method.The formulation may be used to study the wave field in models of sedimentary deposits (e.g., valleys) or topography (e.g., canyons or ridges) with a 2D variation in structure but obliquely incident plane waves. The hybrid method exploits the versatility of the finite element method for modeling the scatterer and the effectiveness of the boundary integral equation method for taking care of the radiation condition in the half-space. The advantage of the 2.5D formulation is that it provides the means for calculations of 3D wave fields in scattering problems by requiring a storage comparable to that of the corresponding 2D calculations.
Breast asymmetry classification and diagnostics
Authors: Mnikhovich M. V. , Fedorova A. S. , Romanov A. V. 
Published: January 2023

Breast asymmetry is a polyetiological condition, which may be caused by congenital characteristics, developmental abnormalities, hormonal changes, traumas or surgery. The estimation of breast symmetry should be performed by the plastic surgeon while planning the augmentation or reduction mammoplasty as well as reconstructive surgery. Breast asymmetry is a widespread condition, according to some reports, it can be found in more than half of women. Anthropometric methods, as well as radiology methods, are used to diagnose and estimate breast asymmetry. There are many classification systems of breast asymmetry. The first ones were based on breast appearance or etiology of asymmetry, while modern classifications combine morphologic and etiologic principles. Today there is no conventional diagnostic protocol for breast asymmetry, where it would be listed, which breast parameters should be measured during breast asymmetry estimation. The first attempts were made in the middle of the XX century. Works of Penn, Smith and Westreich are considered to be basic in this field. Generally, relationships between major breast soft-tissue reference points (nipple, areola, submammary fold, lateral border) and bone structures (breastbone, jugular notch, clavicle) are estimated.Mathematic formulas for counting breast volume depending on its linear measurements were developed as well. Nowadays the importance of skeleto-muscular system state (the presence of scoliosis or rib cage deformation) estimation is emphasized, while these conditions can also cause breast asymmetry.
Formation and informative content of photoplethysmographic signal under the conditions of controllable external compression
Authors: Bekshaev A. Ya. 
Published: January 2023

The physical nature and quantitative characteristics of the photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal under conditions of external compression of the studied tissue area are theoretically investigated. Dependences of the constant and variable components of the PPG signal on the applied pressure are revealed, which have maxima at certain compression values. The physical model of the PPG signal formation process takes into account the optical and mechanical properties of biological tissues. The model is based on the consideration of the diffuse propagation of light in a two-component scattering medium (blood + surrounding tissues) and employs the Kubelka – Munk two-stream theory; in this case, the amount of blood in the tissues is determined by the conditions of mechanical equilibrium and the laws of tissue deformation.
It is shown that the developed model correctly describes the observed qualitative features of the PPG signal, and the condition for the best agreement between theoretical and experimental curves allows real-time determination of the peripheral microcirculation quantitative characteristics (mean value and amplitude of the blood pressure fluctuations in precapillaries, erythrocyte concentration, average degree of blood oxygenation, the vessel walls elasticity, etc.). The developed methods for determining the blood circulation parameters can be used as the basis for inexpensive and effective express methods of research and medical diagnostics, which are especially useful in mass surveys or in environmental monitoring.
Employment of astronomical cameras ZWO ASI120MM for investigation of molecular light scattering
Authors: Fudulei N.O. , Gorbanev Yu.M. 
Published: January 2023

Molecular light scattering – the method allow to determine the intensity and coefficient of scattering of the substance. For most of aqueous solutions, the value of this coefficient is comparable to that for benzene, but an order of magnitude more than for water. Therefore, it is necessary to register the emitting intensity of the order of . For provide such experiments it has been proposed to used the high sensitive astronomical cameras, for eliminate interference, which allowed with physical-chemical processes. The aim of this work is to apply the high sensitive cameras ZWO ASI120MM in the investigation of molecular light scattering. In astronomical research for study the objects with weak light flows (comets, meteors, asteroids), usually used the CCD-cameras. For comparison three types of cameras, which used in the astronomical observations, are given. The CCD-camera VIDEOSCAN-415-2001 has been used for observation of the comets and asteroids, it has a small sizes and can to accumulate the signal without a system of refrigeration. The camera Watec WAT-902H2 ULTIMATE has high sensitive, that allow to fix the fast flying astronomical objects, meteors for example. The CCD-camera DMK 21AU04.AS, which is an analogue of ZWO ASI120MM, has been used for registration of fast processes. This article shows a successful application of the astronomical cameras ZWO ASI120MM in the investigation of molecular light scattering. The scheme of experimental setup using that camera is presented. It is shown that as a result of the experiments, it is possible to determine the intensity of the refracted and main ray and calculate the scattering coefficient for the solutions under study. For work with images obtained as a result of experiments, special software has been created. The developed program “Light” is allowed to conduct to measure the average value of the intensity. In the course of subsequent experiments, when setting new tasks, the software will be refined and improved. In the future, it is planned to use this technique for investigation the water-protein solutions.