bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilidad del recuento de unidades formadoras de colonia de Cryptococcus sp en líquido cefalorraquídeo de pacientes con criptococosis meníngea asociada al SIDA
Authors: Messina Fernando , Romero María de las Mercedes , Arechavala Alicia , Juárez Fernanda , Marin Emmanuel , Depardo Roxana , Santiso Gabriela 
Published: April 2023

Antecedentes. El recuento de unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC) de Cryptococcus en el líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) sería un marcador fiable para el pronóstico del paciente y una herramienta simple y económica. Objetivo. Evaluar la utilidad del recuento de UFC de Cryptococcus spp. y compararlo con las variaciones de antígeno capsular de Cryptococcus (AgCr) en LCR.
Materiales y métodos. Se realizó la revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes con meningoencefalitis por Cryptococcus asociada con el sida en nuestro centro, entre febrero de 2016 y julio de 2020. Se evaluaron los valores de UFC y AgCr en LCR durante la evolución de la micosis.
Resultados y Discusión. Se analizaron datos de 94 episodios clínicos de 85 pacientes con un total de 297 observaciones de muestras de LCR.
Se evidenció el valor del recuento de UFC por ser un marcador de viabilidad y de carga fúngica.
El recuento de UFC bajo no necesariamente coexistió con un nivel bajo de AgCr.
Con respecto a la evolución en el tiempo, la mayoría de los pacientes fueron diagnosticados con una alta carga fúngica y su descenso ocurrió más rápido que el del AgCr por lo que reflejaría la mejora del paciente permitiendo tomar conductas al respecto.
الأحاديث التي أُعلت باختلاف متونها في كتاب «العلل» لابن أبي حاتم نماذج تطبيقية من خلال كتاب الطَّهارة
Authors: الشيبي د/ جعفر بن عبدالمحسن بن عمر 
Published: April 2023

تناول هذا البحث نماذج من الأحاديث التي أُعلت باختلاف متونها مع اتحاد مخرجها، وقد اختار الباحث ثلاثة نماذج من كتاب العلل لابن أبي حاتم من باب الطهارة، وتناولها بالبحث والدراسة والتحليل، مستعينا بكلام أهل هذا الفن ومناهجهم في تعليل الأحاديث، وهدف البحث إلى إبراز منهج العلماء الدقيق في قبول الحديث والحكم عليه سندا ومتنا، وكيف أنهم لا يقتصرون في تعليل الأحاديث على النظر في الإسناد دون المتن، وظهر من خلال البحث أنهم يعللون متون الأحاديث ويرجحون بعضها على بعض، ويتطلبون لذلك علة في الإسناد، ويسندون الخطأ إلى من هو أهله من الرواة وإن كان ثقة، فالثقة قد يخطئ ويهم، فاتضح لنا أنَّ المنهج النَّقدي عند أئمة العلل شامل للأسانيد والمتون لا كما زعم المستشرقون ومن قلَّدهم من جهلة المسلمين أنَّ المحدثين لم يلتفتوا لنقد المتون.
وقد أبان الباحث في بحثه عن معاني مفرداته وما يتعلق بجذورها اللغوية والمصطلحية، وذكرت نماذج تطبيقية من علل المتون، وحددت المدار، وصورت الخلاف في المتن، وخرجت أوجه الإسناد على مقتضى صناعة التَّخريج، ودرست أسانيد أوجه الخلاف، ثم كان النَّظر في الخلاف على حسب ما تقتضيه القرائن سواء من ناحية الجمع بين الأوجه، أو الترجيح فيما بينها، ثم حكمت على المرويات من وجهها الرَّاجح، وذكرت نماذج تطبيقية مصورة لعناية أئمة النَّقد الحديثي بعلل المتون، وعلى رأسهم أبو حاتم الرازي وابنه عبد الرَّحمن وأبو زُرعة الرازي، وذلك من خلال كتاب العلل لابن أبي حاتم، ثم ذيلت البحث بخاتمة وفهرس بأهم المصادر والمراجع.
وظهر من خلال البحث أنَّ علم العلل من أدق علوم الحديث وأغمضها ولا يمكن للمشتغل فيه أن يتوصل إلى نتائج هي أقرب إلى الصَّواب، إلا باستفراغ الوسع في جمع الطرق من مصادرها المختلفة، ويستلزم هذا وجود أكبر قدر ممكن من مصادر السُّنة مطبوعها ومخطوطها عند الباحث والوقوف على أقوال العلماء، والتبصر في أحوال الرِّجال جرحًا وتعديلًا، والتَّنبه إلى بعض الأمور التي قد تخفى، كأن يكون الرَّاوي ثقة في بعض الشُّيوخ، أو من أكثرهم ملازمة له، وأنَّ الأخطاء في الأسانيد أكثر من الأخطاء في المتون؛ لأنَّ الأسانيد مُتشابهة متداخلة بخلاف المتون، وأنَّ إعلال الأئمة للأخبار مبني في الغالب على الاختصار والإجمال والإشارة فيقولون مثلًا: «الصَّواب رواية فلان»، أو «رواية فلان أشبه»، ولا يذكرون الأدلة والأسباب التي دعتهم إلى ذلك القول؛ لأنَّ كلامهم في الغالب موجَّهٌ إلى أناس يفهمون الصِّناعة الحديثية، والعلل، فيدركون المراد بمجرد إشارة الإمام.
Morphological Growth of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Treated with Soil Application of Humic Acid under Different Cultivation Periods
Authors: Chnar Hama Noori Meerza  , Salih Ali Shara 
Published: April 2023

The demand of organic cultivation of plants is increasing and soil application of organic fertilizer reduces the hazardous usage of inorganic fertilizer and Humic acid is an organic compound derived from plant and animal residues and microbial cells with long-term physical, chemical, and biological processes. In addition, ultivation of soybean in Kurdistan region is not in a wide value therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the impact of soil application of different rates of Humic acid as an organic fertilizer on the growth characteristic of soybean cultivated and determining the best cultivation period for soybean growth. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with two factor treatments and 3 replication, the first factor was one dose soil application of four different Humic Acid rates (HAR) which were (0 (control), 2,4,6,8 g/L) and two cultivation period (CP) which were cultivation Period 1 (CP1) on 15 May 2022 and cultivation Period 2 (CP2) on 1st of June 2022. Observations were made against the growth parameters of plant height number of branches, leaf area, root length, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight. The effect of soil application of humic acid rates (HAR) was highly significant on the plant height and root length and significant on the No. of branches, shoot fresh and dry weight. While, cultivation period insignificantly affected the growth parameter except for leaf area. was significant. The maximum plant height, number of branches, leaf area, root length, shoot fresh and dry weight were observed with soil application of 8 g/L of humic acid which were (82.83 (cm), 23.33, 8815 (mm2), 68.83 (cm), 503.33 (g) and 190.00 (g) respectively. The highest plant height (72 cm), number of branches (18.87), leaf area (7714 mm2), root length (57.13 g), shoot fresh (263.67 g) and dry weight (102.93 g) were observed when the planted cultivated in 1st period (CP1) compared to CP2.
Tata Laksana Croup pada Anak
Authors: Susanto Wenly 
Published: April 2023

Diagnosis infeksi saluran napas pada anak membutuhkan kewaspadaan klinis untuk memahami risiko obstruksi jalan napas dan kemungkinan perlunya intervensi cepat. Croup adalah infeksi saluran napas obstruktif yang paling umum pada anak-anak, sedangkan supraglotitis dan trakeitis bakteri adalah entitas klinis yang jarang. Pengenalan tanda dan gejala sangat penting untuk pencegahan morbiditas dan mortalitas.

Diagnosis of respiratory tract infection in children requires keen clinical vigilance to understand the risk of airway obstruction and the possible need for prompt intervention. Croup is the most common obstructive airway infection in children, whereas supraglottitis and bacterial tracheitis are rare clinical entities. Recognition of signs and symptoms is very important to prevent morbidity and mortality. Wenly Susanto. Management of Croup in Children.
Combining Bacteriophage Lysin LYSGH15 and Celery (Apium graveolens L.) Apigenin for Treating Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia in Children
Authors: Habiburrahman Muhammad , Sutopo Stefanus , Lestari Delly Chipta 
Published: April 2023

Pneumonia is one of the devastating diseases that affect children under five and can result in high incidence and significant mortality rates. A substantial subset of these cases is caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a Gram-positive bacteria that can cause severe complications and even death. Additionally, antibiotic resistance complicates this problem further. In order to combat this issue, combining flavonoids and bacteriophage products may be a critical solution in decreasing morbidity and mortality rates of pneumonia. Apigenin, extracted from celery (Apium graveolens L.), which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Combined with bacteriophage lysin, it can work synergistically against infections and inflammation without being easily resisted by bacteria. This literature review focuses on the use of apigenin and phage lysin, LysGH15, as a treatment for children’s pneumonia, sourced from Google Scholar and PubMed, using several combined keywords such as “new treatment”, “children pneumonia”, “Staphylococcus aureus”, “MRSA”, “new antibacterial”, and “therapy”. Combination therapy shows potential as a new treatment candidate for children’s pneumonia.

Pneumonia dikenal sebagai salah satu penyakit paling mematikan pada anak di bawah 5 tahun, dengan insiden 156.000.000 kasus per tahun, dan angka kematian yang signifikan. Salah satu penyebab penting penyakit ini adalah bakteri Gram-positif Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), yang sering menyebabkan komplikasi dan kematian. Peningkatan resistensi S. aureus terhadap antibiotik juga memperumit kondisi ini. Kombinasi perawatan yang berasal dari produk flavonoid dan bakteriofag mungkin dapat menjadi kunci untuk menurunkan morbiditas dan mortalitas. Apigenin adalah salah satu jenis flavonoid yang dapat diekstrak dari seledri (Apium graveolans L.). Bersama dengan lisin dari bakteriofag, kedua komponen ini bekerja secara sinergis dalam kasus infeksi dan peradangan, dengan keunggulan berupa tidak mudah mengalami resistensi oleh bakteri. Tinjauan literatur berasal dari Google Scholar dan PubMed menggunakan beberapa kata kunci: “pengobatan baru”, “pneumonia anak”, “Staphylococcus aureus”, “MRSA”, “antibakteri baru”, dan “terapi” berfokus pada penggunaan apigenin dan lisin bakteriofag, LysGH15, sebagai pengobatan untuk pneumonia anak. Terapi kombinasi ini diharapkan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai pengobatan pneumonia anak.
Governance by numbers: risico’s verbonden aan de internationale benchmarking en ranking van pensioensystemen
Authors: Peeters Hans , Verschraegen Gert 
Published: April 2023

Governance by numbers: risks associated with international benchmarking and ranking of pension systems
This article points out some of the pitfalls and ambiguities involved in quantified cross-national policy comparisons by looking at the construction and use of standardized indicators in the field of pension policy. The empirical analysis looks at three cases where the OESO and EU use standardized pension indicators to score and rank the performance of national pension systems. The cases illustrate some of the problems associated with scoring and ranking the outcomes of unique and complex pension systems by means of internationally standardized indicators. Our results show that internationally standardised indicators for pension systems are not neutral in the sense that they favor countries with certain institutional pension policy mixes over others. When particular institutional characteristics are treated differently under the same metric, systematically distorted conclusions about the performance of national pension systems may, and likely do, result. Consequently, these observed biases hinder reliable cross-national comparison that is based on these indicators. The article concludes with some recommendations on the construction and use of international indicators in the field of pension policy. It also discusses where research on the process of commensuration – transforming qualities into quantities − in a comparative context should go from here.
Het perspectief van de werkvloer op ambtelijk vakmanschap
Authors: van der Meulen Corné , van Nunen Gerard 
Published: April 2023

Professional expertise according to civil servants
Professional expertise is crucial to the functioning of government. Although the vast majority of civil servants strive to do their work well in the interest of society, this does not always guarantee success. For years, civil servants have faced growing challenges in their work. Professional expertise is increasingly undervalued, and their work seems to be obstructed by a tangle of rules and unwieldy structures. This article discusses the results of a survey on professionalism among civil servants. During the survey, civil servants were asked to reflect on various themes related to professional expertise. The authors subsequently discuss the results on (1) civil servant involvement and civil service values; (2) transparency and the interplay with politics; (3) factors that put professional expertise under pressure; and (4) civil servant socialisation through reflection.
Continuing powers of attorney - different legal rules, similar problems and solutions: What can the Netherlands learn from Belgium, England and Wales, Germany and Switzerland?
Authors: Stelma-Roorda Rieneke 
Published: April 2023

Continuing powers of attorney - different legal rules, similar problems and solutions: What can the Netherlands learn from Belgium, England and Wales, Germany and Switzerland?
The Dutch levenstestament allows adults in the Netherlands to make their own provisions for a future period of incapacity. Although this instrument is becoming increasingly popular, the current regulation and application of the levenstestament are not without problems. The levenstestament has been designed and conceptualised by the Dutch notariate within the framework of the existing law. This regulatory framework has not been designed with a setting of future incapacity in mind and compliance with international human rights norms and principles, such as Article 12 UNCRPD, is therefore not sufficiently guaranteed. Moreover, empirical research indicates that the application of the levenstestament, in practice, does not run smoothly in all cases. Across Europe there are countries where the possibility to make instruments, similar to the Dutch levenstestament, has already been in place for quite some time and where such instruments are regulated by law. This article presents the results of a comparative study of the legal regulation and practical application of enduring documents in four European jurisdictions (Belgium, Germany, England and Wales and Switzerland). Recommendation CM/Rec(2009)11 on Principles concerning continuing powers of attorney and advance directives for incapacity has been used as a frame of reference to look at the regulation on the form, content, entry into force, registration and/or certification of each enduring document as well as the appointment and role of attorneys, the preservation of legal capacity, conflicts of interests and supervision. The aim has also been to gain an impression of the law in action. Based on this information best practices have been identified which provide a solution to the problems with the regulation and application of the levenstestament in the Netherlands. The adoption of specific legislation incorporating these best practices in Book 1 of the Dutch Civil Code is recommended.
ANALISIS PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN, HARGA DAN LOKASI TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN (Studi Kasus pada Bengkel Mobil Eko Autocare di Sleman)
Authors: Pradata Dicky Kurniawan , Ratnaningtyas Endah Marendah , Nurani RR. Putri Ana 
Published: April 2023

Persaingan di dunia bisnis saat ini semakin ketat. Hal ini juga dirasakan para pelaku bisnis di bidang jasa perbaikan mobil seperti pemilik-pemilik bengkel di Sleman. Bengkel mobil Eko Autocare adalah salah satu bengkel yang ada di Sleman saat ini. Bengkel mobil Eko Autocare harus mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasan pelanggannya. Eko Autocare harus membuat beberapa perbaikan dan inovasi yang dapat meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggannya.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh kualitas pelayanan, harga dan lokasi terhadap kepuasan pelanggan di bengkel mobil Eko Autocare Sleman. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Sumber data penelitian ini merupakan data primer yang berasal dari sampel yaitu para pelanggan bengkel mobil Eko Autocare Sleman. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan purposive sampling dengan menyebar kepada 100 responden. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis Regresi Linier Berganda.
Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa 1) Kualitas layanan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan, 2) Harga berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan 3) Lokasi berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan dan 4) Kualitas layanan, harga dan lokasi berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Dari hasil analisis regresi linier berganda diperoleh koefisien masing-masing dari variabel kualitas layanan (0,029) , harga (0,000) dan lokasi (0,001), semua berpengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan pelanggan.
PENERAPAN METODE FUN TEACHING PADA PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK KELAS III DI SD ASSUNNAH ASSALAFIYYAH SURALAGA KECAMATAN SURALAGA
Authors: Gazali Munawir , Pransisca Made Ayu , Efendi Lalu Juwita 
Published: April 2023

In this research discusses the aplication of the Fun Teaching method in thematic learning in grade III SD Assunnah Assalafiyyah Suralaga. The purpose of this research is to find out the aplication of the Fun Teaching method in thematic learning at SD Assunnah Assalafiyyah Suralaga and to find out the factors that support and hinder learning in progress. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with data sources comng from observations, interviews, and documentation. Techniques to guarantee the validity of the data using extend observations increase persistence, and triangulation. This study found that applying the fun teaching method was very successful, seen from their seriousness in doing the task, their activeness in asking questions and not being afraid when the teacher taught, so that passive students were actively involved during the learning process. By applying this fun teaching method, students are challenged when given assignments by teacher, their active role is seen from when doing assignments both individually and in groups. Based on the discussion, it was concluded that the application of the Fun Teaching method in thematic learning at SD Assunnah Assalafiyyah Suralaga which was carried out by the teacher while in grade III wen well. Supporting factors in learning in grade III SD Assunnah Assalafiyyah Suralaga are adequate or complete facilities and infrastructure, and increased teacher-student interaction. As for the inhibiting factors in thematic learning for grade III SD Assunnah Assalafiyyah Suralaga, namely in terms of teachers and students regarding theatic learning in class, constraints of limited time, and incomplete facilities and infrastructure.
PERAN MAHASISWA DALAM PEMBANGUNAN DESA MELALUI KULIAH KERJA NYATA TEMATIK DI DESA GENTAN SUKOHARJO
Authors: Kusuma Nanda Ihsan Pradana Rian , Asriel Endo Muhammad , Prabowo Satria Perdana Putra , Addany As’ad Syafriyal , Muddin Ibnu Nizha , Turmudi Hadis 
Published: April 2023

Dalam pembangunan desa diperlukan sinergitas berbagai pihak agar mampu berjalan dengan baik dan lancar. Salah satunya dengan adanya kolaborasi antara lembaga Pendidikan Tinggi dengan pemerintahan desa yang diwujudkan melalui Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN). KKN merupakan bentuk nyata dari Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi yang mencakup Pengajaran, Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat. Melalui kegiatan KKN di harapkan para mahasiswa mampu berkontribusi nyata terhadap pembangunan daerah pedesaan melalui pengabdian kepada masyarakat secara langsung. Metode Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat di lakukan melalui KKN-Tematik dalam bidang Teknologi Informasi yang dilakukan dengan cara sosialisasi, penyuluhan, pendampingan dan pembuatan sistem di Pemerintahan Desa Gentan Kecamatan Bendosari Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Sedangkan hasil kegiatan didapatkan suatu kesimpulan kegiatan KKN-Tematik yang dilakukan kelompok mahasiswa STMIK AMIKOM Surakarta berjalan dengan baik dan lancar sesuai dengan program yang telah direncanakan sebelumnya. Selain itu kegiatan KKN tersebut memiiki arti penting bagi masyarakat desa setempat karena mampu memberikan edukasi terhadap warga masyarakat akan pentingnya teknologi informasi di pedesaan, dimana pada masa sekarang warga telah bergantung dengan perkembangan teknologi informasi. Selain itu KKN-Tematik yang dijalankan juga mampu berkontribusi terhadap Pemerintahan Desa Gentan dengan dibuatkannya sistem yang bermanfaat bagi Pemerintah Desa setempat.
Escola do campo: é possível falar de pertencimento e identidade do professor?
Authors: De Brito Barra Nova Taynah , Bezerra Machado Laêda 
Published: April 2023

Este artigo, resultado de pesquisa mais abrangente, explora a função identitária e de pertencimento de professores ao representarem a escola do campo. Desenvolvemos um estudo qualitativo delineado como pesquisa de campo e contamos com a participação de 35 docentes de um munícipio no interior do estado de Pernambuco. Como instrumento de coleta, utilizamos a entrevista semiestruturada. A análise dos depoimentos revelou que as representações sociais de Escola do Campo dos professores são marcadas por um conteúdo simbólico que coloca em oposição o campo e a cidade, privilegiando-a em detrimento da cultura campesina. Coerente com as representações identifcadas, constatamos que o professor da Escola do Campo não revela identificação e/ou pertencimento com a realidade em que atua. Esse não pertenciemnto está vinculado a rotatividade docente entre as escolas, modo de designação dos professores para essas instituições, contratação temporária e ainda por serem pessoas radicadas na cidade. Em face dos resultados, sinalizamos a necessidade de reflexões e intervenções conjuntas por parte da gestão da educação municipal e dos povos do campo no sentido do cumprimento dos princípios legais e do ideário da Educação do Campo, para impedir que a Escola do Campo esteja a contribuir para inferiorizar a vida no campo.
Developing Criteria to Identify Transformative Participatory Evaluators
Authors: Harnar Michael A. 
Published: April 2023

Background: The evaluation discipline continues to evolve as more and more researchers study practice. The research described in this article further defines Transformative Participatory Evaluation (T-PE) by focusing on the key elements that practitioners and theorists agree define this evaluation practice.
Purpose: A multi-stage, mixed-method approach was used to develop and examine a set of statements that serve two purposes: First, they can help identify a subset of participatory practitioners from others and, second, they further theory development by showing how T-PE practitioners differ from other evaluation practitioners on key indicators.
Setting: In the first phase of this research, three prominent evaluation theorists comprised an expert panel to develop a set of statements that would identify T-PE practitioners. The American Evaluation Association membership was used to test the statements in the research’s subsequent phases.
Intervention: NA
Research Design: A multi-stage, mixed-method approach was used to develop and test the statements.
Data Collection and Analysis: The panel was engaged in a web-based wiki to jointly edit the statements; an online questionnaire with mostly closed-ended items was used to gather AEA member input; a unique online modeling software and webinars were used to further understand findings. Analysis of variance was used to assess differences between groups and Rasch modeling and Wald tests were used to analyze the modeling data.
Findings: The eight core statements that emerged had acceptable internal reliability and limited construct validity. Though the statements’ discrimination strength was tenuous, quantitative comparisons of preferred evaluation practice models showed congruence with the predicted underlying philosophies and therefore supports the statements’ ability to discern T-PE evaluators from P-PE evaluators.
Successful School Leadership: Linking with Learning and Achievement
Authors: Silpe Shane , Bista Krishna 
Published: April 2023

A review of the book Successful School Leadership: Linking with Learning and Achievement by Christopher Day, Ken Leithwood, Pam Sammons, David Hopkins, Qing Gu, Eleanor Joanne Brown, & Elpida Ahtaridou, published in 2011 by Open University Press.