bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Error suppression method of SINS/CNS integrated navigation based on diametrical stargazing
Authors: Xu Zhihao , Zhou Zhaofa , Pang Shaolong , Chang Zhenjun , Liang Zhe 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The strap-down inertial navigation system (SINS)/celestial navigation system (CNS) integrated navigation system has been extensively employed in the aerospace field owing to its unique advantages. The internal parameter errors of the star sensor constitute one of the primary factors that affect the navigation accuracy. In this paper, an error suppression method based on diametrical stargazing has been designed to suppress the navigation errors caused by the internal parameter errors of the star sensor. First, a SINS/CNS integrated navigation model based on Kalman filter has been established. Then the influence of the principal point error, image-plane tilt error, and distortions of the optical system on the measurement accuracy of the star sensor have been analyzed. Further, the process of introducing the errors into the measurement equation has been obtained. Finally, for multiple errors, two stargazing methods have been designed to suppress the impact of these errors on the navigation accuracy, whereas the constant errors of the inertial device can be modulated. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can improve the positioning accuracy of the system, and verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.
A reinforcement double deep Q-network with prioritised experience replay for rolling bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Li Zhenning , Jiang Hongkai , Liu Yunpeng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In recent years, deep learning has been increasingly applied to fault diagnosis and has attracted significant attention and research interest. Deep reinforcement learning (RL), with its capabilities in feature extraction and interactive learning, is highly suitable for fault diagnosis problems because it can acquire knowledge solely via system feedback. Despite its advantages, this method also has limitations, such as low training efficiency and unstable performance. Therefore, this study presents a novel diagnostic approach based on system feedback for rolling bearing fault diagnosis. This approach builds upon the original deep Q-network (DQN) approach, which incorporates an interactive dual network structure and experience replay optimisation for RL intelligence. This method introduces two major improvements. First, a dual network cyclic update scheme is implemented, assigning each dual network specific responsibilities to ensure training stability. Second, a novel experience playback system is introduced, which improves the efficiency of experience utilisation while circumventing the risk of overfitting. Compared with the original DQN method, the proposed approach and its two enhancement strategies provide significant advances in training efficiency, stability and diagnostic accuracy. Our experimental results indicate that this novel methodology has the potential to make valuable contributions in the area of rotating machinery fault diagnosis.
Vibrational resonance in a multistable system with position-dependent mass
Authors: Roy-Layinde T O , Omoteso K A , Kolebaje O T , Ogunmefun F O , Fasasi R A , Laoye J A , Vincent U E 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The occurrence of vibrational resonance (VR) in a dual-frequency-driven multistable system with a spatially varying mass modelling particle with position-dependent mass (PDM) and evolving in a one-dimensional symmetric periodic potential has been investigated and reported in this paper. We numerically compute and analyze the response amplitude, the effects of the PDM parameters (m
0, a) on the potential structure, the occurrence of VR and the bifurcation of the equilibrium points. It is shown that the PDM parameters, besides controlling VR, can induce unconventional resonance patterns through the variation of the potential well depth. The resonant states can be influenced through the cooperation of the PDM parameters and the external forcing leading the system from multiresonance state into single and double resonance states. The contributions of the fixed rest mass m
0 on the VR and the PDM-induced resonance are determined by threshold conditions imposed by the magnitude of the mass nonlinear strength a.
Study on the FeCoCrNiMnTix High Entropy Alloys Fabricated by Laser Cladding
Authors: Zhang Yuanbin , Zhang Meisheng , Wu Zhihong , Zhang Ping , Zhai Tongguang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Because of the high entropy effect, a simple solid solution structure can be obtained in high entropy alloys (HEAs), giving the HEAs greater overall properties than conventional alloys. Cladding layers of FeCoCrNiMnTix HEAs were prepared on Q355 steel by laser cladding technology. X-ray diffraction (XRD), metallographic microscope (OM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to examine the microstructure of the cladding layers. The microhardness and wear resistance were tested using a Vickers microhardness tester and wear testing machine, respectively. The FeCoCrNiMn HEAs consisted of a face-centered cubic (FCC) solid solution. The addition of Ti promoted the formation of body-centered cubic (BCC) and hexagonal solid solution. When Ti content was higher than x=0.8, the Laves phase formed. The addition of Ti increased the microhardness of the FeCoCrNiMnTix (x=0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) HEAs, which is due to the effect of solution strengthening, microstructure strengthening, and grain refinement. When Ti content was less than x=0.6, the alloy’s wear resistance was positively correlated with its hardness, and the Ti0.6 alloy had the best wear resistance. However, as Ti content exceeded x=0.6, the brittle and hard Laves phase formed, which resulted in reduced wear resistance.
StarPep Toolbox: an open-source software to assist chemical space analysis of bioactive peptides and their functions using complex networks
Authors: Aguilera-Mendoza Longendri , Ayala-Ruano Sebastián , Martinez-Rios Felix , Chavez Edgar , García-Jacas César R , Brizuela Carlos A , Marrero-Ponce Yovani 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising molecules to treat infectious diseases caused by multi-drug resistance pathogens, some types of cancer, and other conditions. Computer-aided strategies are efficient tools for the high-throughput screening of AMPs.

Results
This report highlights StarPep Toolbox, an open-source and user-friendly software to study the bioactive chemical space of AMPs using complex network-based representations, clustering, and similarity-searching models. The novelty of this research lies in the combination of network science and similarity-searching techniques, distinguishing it from conventional methods based on machine learning and other computational approaches. The network-based representation of the AMP chemical space presents promising opportunities for peptide drug repurposing, development, and optimization. This approach could serve as a baseline for the discovery of a new generation of therapeutics peptides.

Availability and implementation
All underlying code and installation files are accessible through GitHub (https://github.com/Grupo-Medicina-Molecular-y-Traslacional/StarPep) under the Apache 2.0 license.
Aspects of human uterine creatine metabolism during the menstrual cycle and at term pregnancy
Authors: Philip Mamatha , Snow Rodney J , Della Gatta Paul A , Callahan Damien L , Bellofiore Nadia , Salamonsen Lois A , Palmer Kirsten R , Ellery Stacey J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Creatine metabolism likely contributes to energy homeostasis in the human uterus, but whether this organ synthesizes creatine and whether creatine metabolism is adjusted throughout the menstrual cycle and with pregnancy are largely unknown. This study determined endometrial protein expression of creatine-synthesizing enzymes arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT), creatine kinase (CKBB), and the creatine transporter (SLC6A8) throughout the menstrual cycle in fertile and primary infertile women. It also characterized creatine metabolism at term pregnancy, measuring aspects of creatine metabolism in myometrial and decidual tissue. In endometrial samples, AGAT, GAMT, SLC6A8, and CKBB were expressed in glandular and luminal epithelial cells. Except for SLC6A8, the other proteins were also located in stromal cells. Irrespective of fertility, AGAT, GAMT, and SLC6A8 high-intensity immunohistochemical staining was greatest in the early secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. During the proliferative phase, staining for SLC6A8 protein was greater (P = 0.01) in the primary infertile compared with the fertile group. Both layers of the term pregnant uterus contained creatine, phosphocreatine, guanidinoacetic acid, arginine, glycine, and methionine; detectable gene and protein expression of AGAT, GAMT, CKBB, and ubiquitous mitochondrial CK (uMt-CK); and gene expression of SLC6A8. The proteins AGAT, GAMT, CKBB, and SLC6A8 were uniformly distributed in the myometrium and localized to the decidual glands. In conclusion, endometrial tissue has the capacity to produce creatine and its capacity is highest around the time of fertilization and implantation. Both layers of the term pregnant uterus also contained all the enzymatic machinery and substrates of creatine metabolism.
Resident cutaneous memory T cells: a clinical review of their role in chronic inflammatory dermatoses and potential as therapeutic targets
Authors: Pham James P , Wark Kirsty J L , Woods Jane , Frew John W 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Resident memory T cells (T-RMs) remain in epithelial barrier tissues after antigen exposure and the initial effector phase. These T-RMs provide effective antimicrobial and anticancer immunity; however, pathogenic T-RMs have been shown to mediate various chronic inflammatory disorders in a variety of tissue types. In the skin, T-RMs are referred to as resident cutaneous memory T cells (cT-RMs). Understanding the mechanisms leading to the development and establishment of these cT-RMs populations may allow for targeted treatments that provide durable responses in chronic immune-mediated skin diseases, even after cessation. In this review, we summarize the evidence on cT-RMs as drivers of chronic inflammatory dermatoses, including psoriasis, vitiligo, atopic dermatitis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus and alopecia areata, among others. Data from in vitro, animal model and ex vivo human studies are presented, with a focus on the potential for cT-RMs to trigger acute disease flares, as well as recurrent disease, by establishing an immune ‘memory’ in the skin. Furthermore, the available data on the potential for existing and novel treatments to affect the development or survival of cT-RMs in the skin are synthesized. The data suggest a dynamic and rapidly growing area in the field of dermatology; however, we also discuss areas in need of greater research to allow for optimal treatment selection for long-term disease control.
MOY 1 Variation in decision making around high-risk emergency laparotomy over time
Authors: Javanmard-Emamghissi Hannah , Doleman Brett , Lund Jon , Hare Sarah , Moug Susan , Tierney Gillian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
There have been huge improvements in the ten years of the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit (NELA), notably in the assessment and recognition of high-risk emergency laparotomy patients, with associated improvements in outcomes. However, guidance around emergency laparotomy multi-disciplinary decision making remains sparse. The aim of this work was to examine the NELA database for variation in emergency laparotomy patient demographics over time.

Method
All patients enrolled in the NELA database December 2012-2020 were included. Patients were grouped according to their year of entry into the database (Years 1-7) and were assessed for NELA score, futile surgery (death in &lt;72 hours of emergency laparotomy), and their admitting hospital.

Results
A total of 161,337 patient enrolled in the database had a documented NELA risk score. The mean NELA score decreased over time: 11.6% in Year 1 compared to 8.9% in Year 7. The number of extreme-risk patients decreased accordingly; overall 3.2% (n=5196) had a 30-day mortality risk of ≥50%, accounting for 4.3% of surgeries in Year 1, and only 2.2% in Year 7 (p&lt;0.001). Although extreme-risk laparotomies were carried out in 183 hospitals, 1 in 5 were carried out in just 16 participating hospitals. The number of futile surgeries also decreased over time from 5% (n=1034) in Year 1 to 3.2% (n=705) in Year 7 (p&lt;0.001).

Conclusion
High-risk, extreme risk and futile surgeries have decreased significantly annually since NELA began auditing surgical outcomes, however the missing puzzle piece remains patients that do not have emergency laparotomy.
SP2.7 Is routine nasogastric tube placement following pancreatoduodenectomy really necessary?
Authors: Muhammad Qazi Rahim , Bledge Henry Kwami , Russell Thomas , Ahmad Jawad , Khan Saboor , Marangoni Gabriele ,   RAW Study Collaborators
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Traditionally, pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) patients would leave theatre with a nasogastric tube (NGT) in situ. Recent evidence has suggested that the potential drawbacks of routine placement may outweigh the potential gains. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of PD patients who received a NGT intra-operatively to those did not.

Methods
Data taken from Recurrence After Whipple’s (RAW) study, a multicentre retrospective cohort study of outcomes of PD performed for pancreatic head malignancy (29 centres from 8 countries, n=1484). The following outcome measures were used: median length of stay (LoS), incidence of delayed gastric emptying (DGE), incidence of grade B/C DGE, and the provision of postoperative nutritional support. Analyses were performed using Fisher’s exact test and the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results
Out of 1484 patients who underwent PD for malignancy, 1098 (74.0%) had data on their NGT status. 91.6% of patients received an intra-operative NGT. The median length of time until tube removal was four days (range: 1-64, interquartile range: 3). in comparison to the group with no NG tube, median length of stay (both 14 days, p=0.9), as well as incidence of DGE (14.3% vs 7.6%, p=0.08) grade B/C DGE (8.3% vs 4.3%, p=0.2) were similar. Patients who did not receive a tube less often received postoperative nutritional support (any form, 30.4% vs 49.8%, p=0.0004).

Conclusion
Most patients underwent PD had NG placed intraoperatively. Had no affect length of stay or incidence of DGE. Patients who received a NGT more often received postoperative nutritional support. NGTs should only be placed when they are clinically indicated.
SP3.2 Where are all the nurses in the UK?
Authors: Bhatnagar Meghna , Gambhir Raghvinder Pal Singh 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aim
There is a worldwide shortage of nurses and midwifes according to World Health Organisation (WHO). Aim of the present study was to analyse the nursing crisis in the UK.

Methods
Google search was done for the number of nurses registered with Nursing medical council UK. NHS England and NMC reports on workforce were accessed and analysed.

Results
WHO recommends a minimum nurse to population of ratio of 3: 1000. Among the OECD countries, UK has 8.2 nurses per 1000 compared to 18/1000 in Switzerland and 1.1/1000 in south Africa. NMC has 771500 registered nurses but all are not practising full time. Around 40 % of these have been registered for &lt; 10 and are probably in Band 5 or 6 and still in near full time active direct clinical nursing roles. The remaining 60% who have been on the register for &gt;10 years would probably be doing more managerial roles. That makes it even worse. In addition a large number of registered nurses are in administrative roles in regulatory bodies like GMC. NMC, CQC etc.
In addition what the nurses do with their time also has changed. It is estimated that only &lt;40% of the nursing time is spent in direct clinical care.

Conclusion
If all the registered nurses were available to do Direct clinical care we would be one of the best resourced country among OECD but where are these registered practitioners is the question.
SP3.3 Digital Consent: a review of two years of implementation & its impact on the perioperative workflow
Authors: Hart Patrick , Moore Connor , Loughran Dafydd , John Edward St 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aims
Paper consent processes have been demonstrated to contain errors of omission, illegibility and unwarranted variation. Missing paper-consent forms can cause delays, cancellations and poor theatre efficiency. Digital consent is known to reduce errors, empower patients in clinical decision discussions and improve patient perception of Shared Decision Making. This study evaluates the roll-out of Concentric Health’s digital consent application over a two year period.

Methods
Consent episode data was assessed from a two year period (27th January 2021 - 26th January 2023) using Concentric analytics. Qualitative data was obtained via optional patient satisfaction surveys.

Results
96,710 consent episodes were created during the period, amounting to 79,476 completed consent episodes for 3029 unique procedures by 1193 clinicians, across 27 specialties from 43 healthcare providers. Of the completed episodes, 44.1% were completed in advance of the day-of-surgery. 22.5% of episodes were remote. Patients were aged 0-105 years, (median 60, IQR 43). Treatment information was shared digitally with 77.1% of patients. The average patient satisfaction rating was 4.61 out of 5 (1 very poor - 5 very good, n = 10007).

Conclusions
Concentric is being used in practice across multiple hospitals and clinical environments, with patients reporting high satisfaction scores. Digital consent enables consent in advance of the day-of-surgery, affording patients sufficient time for consideration, and possibly optimising theatre efficiency. Remote consent is feasible, used by over a fifth of patients. Digital consent applications can be considered for adoption in all units to capitalise on these benefits.
SP3.6 Does a novel preservation solution improve organ performance in an ex-vivo perfusion of porcine liver?
Authors: Williams Paul , Quyn Aaron , Corps Claire , Lodge Peter 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aims
This project aims to compare LS-A (Leeds solution for abdomen) to a gold standard solution, IGL-1 (Institute George-Lopez solution) at clinically acceptable CIT (Cold ischaemic time) in a DCD (Donation after cardiac death) model of porcine liver transplant. An ex-vivo Perfusion device will then provide normothermic machine perfusion to simulate the immediate post-transplant stage.

Methods
DCD livers retrieved from landrace pigs, were preserved at 4-hours CIT in LS-A or IGL-1. They were re-perfused on a normothermic machine perfusion device, using autologous blood as a perfusate. Biochemical analysis was performed hourly for various markers of tissue and hepatocyte damage.

Results
Livers stored in LS-A (n=6) and IGL-1 (n=6) have no significant differences when compared for ALT, AST, ALP, LDH and glucose. Perfusate lactate was significantly lower in the LS-A group (p=0.008) as was the perfusate potassium(p=0.001) across the perfusion period.

Conclusions
Analysis has shown significantly lower lactate and potassium in LS-A preserved livers, in DCD retrieval, with 4-hours CIT. There are no other observed significant differences between LS-A and IGL-1 when comparing liver function tests and LDH production. This suggests better tissue preservation with LS-A in the setting of very high risk donor livers. The next stage of the project will look at LS-A vs IGL-1 in an extended preservation period (&gt;14 hours) in a DBD (Donation after brainstem death) model.
SP3.7 Regional Outcomes of Paediatric Renal Transplantation in the UK. A Machine Learning Analysis: An Epidemiology In Transplant Study Group (ETrSG) Initiative
Authors: Sharma Hemant , Khoo Rebecca , Ohia Ernest , Whitley Sarah , Mehra Sanjay , Sharma Abhishek 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose
&lt;25%of UK children commencing RRT receive a pre-emptive transplant in the UK. Paediatric patients on the waiting list have increased over the last 5 years. This study assesses the paediatric renal transplant rates in the UK since the year 2000 and the regional graft outcomes of paediatric renal transplant in the UK and determine the predictors of survival at 1, 3, and 5 years.

Methods
We harmonized the NHSBT-Data to shortlist the paediatric renal transplants performed in the UK from the year 2000-2019. The Predictors of Transplant outcomes were evaluated by five classifiers including logistic regression, SVM, random forest, K-Nearest neighbour matching, and adaptive boosting. Random Forest Model had the best performance validated by RMSE. Rattle R/ JASP was used to derive Variables of importance. Survival outcomes and predictors data mined from MLA were further mined with Cox-Regression.

Results
A total of 2610 paediatric transplants were reported to NHSBT (the year 2000-2019). London region did the maximum transplants (N= 854) followed by Northern & Yorkshire (N=347) and North-West region (N= 340). High-Volume center doing living donors had considerably better survival compared to others. On Regression-analysis, the better graft survival was correlated to recipient age group &gt;8 years (p &lt;0.001), CIT &lt;12 hr (p= 0.02), Transplant year -2010 onwards (p &lt;0.01), ethnically matched donor-recipient (p= 0.01), HLA NHSBT group 1 and 2 (p=0.04) and high volume centers (&gt; 15 paediatric transplants/annually).

Conclusions
Superior outcomes were reported from high-volume centers and transplants done after the year 2010. Immunologically well-matched kidneys and low Cold-Ischemia-time (CIT) predict better survival.
SP4.1 Outcomes of Patient Reported Experience Measures (PREM) in Diabetic foot clinic
Authors: Singh Gambhir Raghvinder Pal , Sreeramulu Pradhay , Bates Maureen , Manu Chris , Slim Hani , Vas Prash 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aims
No PREMs exist for diabetic foot (DF) patients. The aim of the study was to develop and validate a DF PREM questionnaire and assess the outcomes in a Diabetic foot clinic.

Methods
PREM Questionnaire was developed through consensus using pre validated questionnaire from other specialty PREMS. Suitable questions were chosen and modified for use in the DF care. The questionnaire was piloted on 10 patients in the multi disciplinary Diabetic foot clinic (DFC) and results were evaluated and presented to the core group and trust Patient experience and involvement team. The suggested changes were incorporated and again piloted on 10 patients and the results were re-presented to the core team. The final version was then approved for use among patients.
The questionnaire consisted of 12 sections and had 37 questions with 7 point grading system (1 being the lowest and 7 being the highest ranking). The patients attending the DFC were then offered the questionnaire.

Results
Among those offered, 85% (68/80) accepted to fill the questionnaire either themselves or with help. Majority were aged 41-74 years, with 60% White British ethnicity. The M:F ratio was 1.3:1. Among the 12 domains the highest scoring domains were ‘Access to the clinic’, ‘information provided’, ‘privacy and dignity’ and ‘scheduling and planning’. The worst scoring domains were ‘hospital parking’ and ‘provision of transport’ over which the clinic had no direct control.

Conclusions
The DF treatment process is long and tedious and patients are required to make multiple visits to the DFC. PREMs allow us to measure their experience and target service improvement.