bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical and Sensory Analysis of Sorghum, Rice, and Teff Flours Blending With Flaxseed Flour for Better Quality Injera
Authors: Amtataw Moges , Kassahun Estifanos , Tibebu Solomon , Andargie Tadele , Ayanaw Takele , Agazie Agimassie , Wogayehu Mesfin , Teshome Abebaw , Jemal Sadik , Teferi Deginet 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the optimization of four gluten free flours namely sorghum, rice, teff flours, and 3% flaxseed flour blends to enhance the quality injera, which was traditionally baked with only pure teff. Utilizing a D‐optimal mixture design, ratios were varied (sorghum 43%–50%, rice 20%–27%, teff 23%–30%). Methods followed AOAC and AACC standards, analyzed using Minitab 19.2 software with one‐way and two‐way ANOVA. Results show flaxseed supplementation significantly improves sorghum‐based injera's texture and sensory attributes, approaching teff injera quality. Hedonic ratings (color, rollability, softness, taste, eye distribution, mouthfeel, and overall acceptability) were favorable. Physical texture remained stable during storage, with variable titratable acidity among blends. This research supports integrating flaxseed flour in grain blends to enhance injera's nutritional and sensory qualities, proposing applications in both household and industrial settings. The purpose of this study is to investigate the supplementation of flaxseed flour in a blend of sorghum, rice, and teff flours, for its performance to improve the overall acceptability, and sensory appeals of the produced injera.
Bioactive Compounds and Antimicrobial Activities in Iranian Crataegus persica Ecotypes for Potential Food and Medicinal Uses
Authors: Eghlima Ghasem , Aghamir Fateme , Mohammadi Meisam , Seyed Hajizadeh Hanifeh , Kaya Ozkan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe genus Crataegus, belonging to the Rosaceae family, exhibits widespread distribution across Iran, comprising 17 species. Hawthorn has garnered significant attention in recent years as a prominent herbal remedy in phytotherapy and culinary applications. Various plant parts, including flowers, leaves, and fruits, have been traditionally employed to address cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, hypotension, palpitations, and cardiac arrhythmias. The presence of bioactive phytochemicals, notably polyphenols and anthocyanins, confers antispasmodic and analgesic properties to hawthorn. This study investigated the bioactive capacity of mature fruits from five Crataegus persica ecotypes indigenous to Iran. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was utilized to elucidate the phenolic profile, although morphological characteristics and antimicrobial properties were also assessed. The ecotypes under investigation were sourced from elevations ranging from 1205 to 1681 m above sea level. Morphological analysis revealed that fruit weight varied from 0.84 to 2.53 g, whereas pericarp weight ranged from 0.21 to 1.19 g. The number of seeds per fruit fluctuated between 1 and 3. HPLC analysis identified the primary phenolic compounds in C. persica as catechin, p‐coumaric acid, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, and rutin. Biochemical characterization of the ecotypes yielded the following ranges: total soluble solids (TSS) 10.31°Brix–18.53°Brix, total soluble carbohydrates (TSC) 8.34%–16.65%, vitamin C content 4.24–12.38 mg g−1 DW, total carotenoid content 185.32–294.4 μg g−1 DW, and total anthocyanin content 43.21–85.34 mg C3G g−1 DW. Total phenolic compounds ranged from 170.52 to 254.31 mg GAE g−1 DW, whereas total flavonoid content varied between 59.28 and 84.41 mg RE g−1 DW. Antioxidant activity, as determined by IC50 values, ranged from 14.47 to 37.51 μg mL−1. Antimicrobial assays demonstrated that the C. persica extract exhibited maximum efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, with the CP3 ecotype extract displaying a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.125 mg mL−1. In conclusion, this comprehensive analysis of five distinct C. persica ecotypes (CP1, CP2, CP3, CP4, and CP5) revealed substantial diversity in terms of morphological traits, functional bioactive compounds, and antimicrobial potential. These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge regarding the phytochemical composition and potential therapeutic applications of Crataegus persica.
Modified Technique for Difficult Secondary Tracheoesophageal Puncture
Authors: Yoon Michelle , Joseph Justin , Ramirez Ricardo , Ganz Cindy , Smith Michael S. , Urken Mark L. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) with voice prosthesis (VP) placement is commonly used to restore voice in laryngectomy patients. The conventional procedure utilizes a rigid esophagoscope to open and visualize the pharyngeal inlet. However, this approach is challenging in patients with postradiation changes, reduced neck extension, or trismus. Here, we demonstrate a modified technique involving flexible endoscopy and endotracheal tube placement to reestablish the TEP tract in a patient with a challenging anatomic profile. This step‐by‐step video demonstrates retrieval of a dislodged prosthesis and TEP/VP placement under general anesthesia, which results in effective voice restoration. This modified technique can safely and effectively restore voice in patients with difficult exposure.
Effect of π‐Electron Conjugation on the Chiroptical Properties of Helicene Carbon Nanohoops
Authors: Kovida Kovida , Malinčík Juraj , Šolomek Tomáš 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe designed, synthesized, and investigated a new chiral carbon nanohoop that formally incorporates a benzothiadiazole and [5]helicene units into the structure of [6]cycloparaphenylene. The connection of these units in the chiral nanohoop is designed to allow for π‐electron conjugation between the benzothiadiazole chromophore and the chirality‐inducing [5]helicene. We resolved the enantiomers of the highly fluorescent, near‐IR light emitting benzothiadiazole helicene nanohoop. Electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy then allowed us to investigate whether the selected molecular design leads to an increase in the lowest singlet excited state delocalization to improve the compound's electronic dissymmetry factor in comparison to the previously studied benzothiadiazole carbon nanohoop with planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane unit with pseudo‐meta connection.
Whole exome sequencing reveals an FCGBP variant associated with spontaneous intraabdominal hemorrhage in severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Tang Qiu‐Yi , Hu Yue‐Peng , Yang Qi , Zhou Jing , Zhang Jing‐Zhu , Yang Jie , Hao Hai‐Bin , Li Gang , Li Bai‐Qiang , Ke Lu , Tong Zhi‐Hui , Liu Yu‐Xiu , Yu Evan Yi‐Wen , Li Wei‐Qin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study investigated the genetic basis of spontaneous intraabdominal hemorrhage (SIH) in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) to facilitate the development of more effective treatments for this life‐threatening complication. A four‐phase study was conducted with a large cohort of acute pancreatitis (AP) patients (n = 600). In the first phase, whole‐exome sequencing identified a specific exonic variant (rs1326680184) in the human Fc gamma binding protein (FCGBP) gene consistently associated with SIH. The second phase employed serum ELISA tests, revealing that this variant altered FCGBP protein levels, increasing susceptibility to SIH. In the third phase, functional validation was performed through: (i) in vivo experiments using a Fcgbp‐knockdown mouse model demonstrated that reduced Fcgbp expression exacerbated AP severity and increased the risk of hemorrhage; and (ii) in vitro experiments with FCGBP‐knockdown in human vascular fibroblasts showed that decreased FCGBP expression destabilized the vascular wall, leading to vascular injury in SAP. Finally, the fourth phase compared clinical characteristics of FCGBP rs1326680184 carriers and non‐carriers, finding that carriers exhibited higher risks of severe complications, worse AP prognosis, and demonstrated enhanced diagnostic utility as a predictive indicator. These findings provide critical insights into the genetic basis of SIH in SAP, paving the way for precision therapies and effective prognostic tools to improve AP management and early intervention.
“Due to These Restrictions, Girls Think of Themselves as Nothing”: A Qualitative and Quantitative Description of Menstrual Restrictions and Stigma Among Adolescent Girls Across Religious and Other Sociocultural Contexts
Authors: King Aisha S. , Sikkema Kathleen J. , Rubli Jennifer , DeVries Britt , Cherenack Emily M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionGirls in Tanzania often experience menstrual restrictions (i.e., expectations about behaviors prohibited during menstruation) and menstrual stigma (i.e., negative attitudes toward people who menstruate). A better understanding of sociocultural contexts contributing to menstrual stigma and restrictions is needed.MethodsIn 2018, two conceptually linked quantitative and qualitative studies were conducted to describe menstrual restrictions and stigma among girls in Tanzania, examine how sociocultural contexts influence menstrual restrictions and stigma, and investigate the relationship between menstrual restrictions and stigma. A cross‐sectional survey of 509 post‐menarche girls from five schools assessed associations between religion, religion‐based menstrual restrictions, and menstrual stigma while controlling for differences between schools. In‐depth interviews with 10 adolescent girls and 10 adult key informants explored broader menstrual experiences. We analyzed themes pertaining to sociocultural contexts and other mechanisms that shape menstrual restrictions and stigma, their impacts on girls, and opportunities for intervention.ResultsIn the surveys, 52% of Christian girls and 76% of Muslim girls experienced religion‐based menstrual restrictions. Some restrictions, such as prohibitions against praying during menstruation, were more common among Muslim girls, who also had higher menstrual stigma. Menstrual stigma differed by school. Although menstrual restrictions did not show an association with stigma in the surveys, interview participants described how menstrual restrictions contribute to stigma and indicated that religion, tribe, education, family support, and menstrual resources influence menstrual restrictions and stigma.ConclusionSociocultural contexts influence menstrual restrictions and stigma. Working with religious, school, and family leaders may provide opportunities to implement interventions to reduce menstrual stigma.
Adeno‐Associated Virus 8 and 9 Myofibre Type/Size Tropism Profiling Reveals Therapeutic Effect of Microdystrophin in Canines
Authors: Burke Matthew J. , Blatt Braiden M. , Teixeira James A. , Pérez‐López Dennis O. , Yue Yongping , Pan Xiufang , Hakim Chady H. , Yao Gang , Herzog Roland W. , Duan Dongsheng 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAdeno‐associated virus (AAV) 8 and 9 are in clinical trials for treating neuromuscular diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Muscle consists of myofibres of different types and sizes. However, little is known about the fibre type and fibre size tropism of AAV in large mammals.MethodsWe evaluated fibre type‐ and size‐specific transduction properties of AAV8 and AAV9 in 17 dogs that received systemic gene transfer (dose 1.94 ± 0.52 × 1014 vg/kg; injected at 2.86 ± 0.30 months; harvested at 20.79 ± 3.30 months). For AAV8, two DMD dogs and three carrier dogs received an alkaline phosphatase (AP) reporter vector, and five DMD dogs received a four‐repeat microdystrophin (uDys) vector. For AAV9, one normal and one DMD dog received the AP vector, and five DMD dogs received a five‐repeat uDys vector. Association between AAV transduction and the fibre type/size was studied in three muscles that showed mosaic transgene expression, including the biceps femoris, teres major and latissimus dorsi.ResultsTransgene expression was detected in 30%–45% of myofibres. In the AP reporter vector–injected dogs, neither AAV8 nor AAV9 showed a statistically significant fibre type preference. Interestingly, AP expression was enriched in smaller fibres. In uDys‐treated DMD dogs, slow and fast myofibres were equally transduced. Notably, uDys‐expressing myofibres were significantly larger than uDys‐negative myofibres irrespective of the AAV serotype (p < 0.0001). In AAV8 uDys vector–injected dogs, the mini‐Feret diameter was 15%, 16% and 23% larger in uDys‐positive slow, fast and hybrid fibres, respectively; the cross‐sectional area was 30%, 34% and 46% larger in uDys‐positive slow, fast and hybrid fibres, respectively. In AAV9 uDys vector–injected dogs, the mini‐Feret diameter was 12%, 13% and 25% larger in uDys‐positive slow, fast and hybrid fibres, respectively; the cross‐sectional area was 25%, 28% and 59% larger in uDys‐positive slow, fast and hybrid fibres, respectively.ConclusionsOur studies suggest that AAV8 and AAV9 transduce fast and slow myofibres at equivalent efficiency. Importantly, uDys therapy effectively prevented dystrophic myofibre atrophy. Our study provides important insight into systemic muscle AAV delivery in large mammals and supports further development of uDys gene therapy for DMD.
The Norwegian version of the Norwich Patellar Instability score has good validity and moderate reproducibility
Authors: Hysing‐Dahl T. , Faleide A. G. , Magnussen L. H. , Inderhaug E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeTo translate and adapt the Norwich Patellar Instability (NPI) score into Norwegian, and second, to examine the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version (NPI‐No).MethodsNPI was translated according to international guidelines. A cohort of 107 patients surgically treated for recurrent patellofemoral instability completed NPI‐No, related questionnaires and functional tests prior to and six months post‐surgery. Validity (face, content and construct validity), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha [α]), test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]], measurement error (standard error of measurement [SEM] and smallest detectable change at individual [SDCind] and group level [SDCgroup]) and construct validity (hypotheses testing; independent t tests, Pearson's r) were examined.ResultsNPI‐No had good face and content validity. Internal consistency was satisfactory (α = 0.88), test–retest reliability was moderate ICC2.1 0.65 (95% confidence interval = 0.47–0.77) and measurement error low (SEM = 7.8). SDCind was 21.7 points and SDCgroup was 2.8. Seven of the 10 hypotheses about construct validity were confirmed. While there was no ceiling effect pre‐ or post‐operatively, a substantial floor effect (28%) was observed at the 6‐month follow‐up.ConclusionThe NPI‐No is valid for assessment of self‐perceived patellar instability before and after surgery in Norwegian patients. However, reproducibility was found to be only moderate. This study adds further knowledge about the measurement properties of the NPI.Level of EvidenceLevel II.
Health conditions seen frequently in hospitalized United States Veterans who served after 9/11/2001: A scoping review
Authors: Boggan Joel C. , Allaudeen Nazima , Shaw Heather , Cantrell Sarah , Akwe Joyce 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundHospitalists working outside the Veterans Affairs (VA) system frequently will serve Veterans receiving care for acute conditions and/or awaiting transfer to VA facilities.ObjectiveTo perform a scoping review of health conditions and associated outcomes relevant to hospital medicine in US Veterans who served in active duty or reserve deployed roles after November 9, 2001.MethodsA search of MEDLINE and Embase was performed using a combination of terms related to military service period and health conditions, yielding 5634 citations published after January 1, 2013.Study Selection and Data ExtractionTwo reviewers performed independent screening at the title/abstract and later at the full‐text levels. Conflicts at both stages were resolved through discussion. Single reviewers extracted data and synthesized results into three categories: (1) mental health and nonblast trauma, (2) neurologic outcomes, and (3) other conditions, including cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes.ResultsOf 85 included studies, 19 focused on cardiovascular, respiratory, autoimmune, and multisystem outcomes; 38 focused on mental health and nonblast trauma; and 28 focused on traumatic brain injury and neurologic outcomes. Studies showed high rates of comorbid mental health diagnoses and suicide‐related behaviors relative to non‐Veteran populations, as well as relatively younger incidence of cardiovascular and respiratory chronic conditions, such as atrial fibrillation.ConclusionsMost studied health conditions among Veterans of post‐9/11 conflicts have focused on areas of particular importance to the VA. However, significant gaps remain, particularly in understanding the correlation between specific exposures and clinical outcomes currently observed and to be anticipated in the future in this population.
Dental Anomalies and Cranio‐Dental Ontogeny in a Captive Wild Boar Population From France
Authors: Gomes Rodrigues Helder , Le Gouellec Clémence , Ortiz Katia , Locatelli Yann , Neaux Dimitri , Cucchi Thomas 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDental anomalies are frequent in boars and pigs, and they generally affect the first premolar loci. The prevalence of these dental anomalies was investigated in a large number of populations around the world. These studies mainly focused on the influence of domestication, size, sexual dimorphism or food hardness on these anomalies. However, they rarely considered ontogenetic aspects, while these are crucial for understanding their aetiology during animal growth and how the dental row‐jaw complex is affected. Here, we studied the incidence of missing first upper and lower premolars in a French population of captive wild boars to discuss the functional and developmental reasons for missing teeth and to assess the impact of missing teeth on the growth of the dental row‐jaw complex. Using the CT‐scan data of the cranium and mandible of 24 wild boars investigated six times each during their growth, and presenting a balanced sex ratio, we recorded the number of missing teeth. We then quantified the shape of the upper and lower jaws using 3D geometric morphometrics. We found a similar prevalence of missing first premolar (37.5%) between the upper and the lower jaws, which is higher than the frequencies observed in most continental populations of wild boars. The increasing number of anomalies during ontogeny suggests a relaxed constraint on the dentition associated with a different feeding behaviour in captivity. The absence of first premolars does not appear to be associated with size variation or sexual dimorphism, nor does it affect the place of the dentition within the jaw, the latter being more influenced by the dimorphic shape of the canines and the timing of dental eruption.
Impact of Reaching the Medicare Part D Drug Benefit Threshold on Surgical Care and Health Outcomes Among Patients Newly Diagnosed With Gastrointestinal Cancer
Authors: Worku Eshetu , Woldesenbet Selamawit , Khalil Mujtaba , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundMedicare Part D covers outpatient prescription drugs for elderly beneficiaries, but requires full cost coverage once the coverage gap threshold is reached. We assessed the impact of reaching Medicare Part D threshold on out‐of‐pocket costs (OOP), timely treatment, and outcomes for patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.MethodsIndividuals newly diagnosed with GI cancer between 2007 and 2019 were identified from the SEER‐Medicare database. OOP costs were calculated for the year of diagnosis. Multivariable regression models compared timely surgical care and mortality risk among patients who did and did not reach the coverage gap threshold.ResultsAmong 35 745 Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with colorectal (50.7%), pancreatic (19%), and liver (30.4%) cancer, median age was 76 years (IQR: 71–82), and 56.6% were female. Notably, 48.9% (17 479) of patients reached the Medicare Part D threshold in the year of cancer diagnosis. Mean OOP cost for patients who reached the threshold was $1060 (SD: $1417) vs. $268 (SD: $270, p < 0.0001) for individuals who did not. On multivariable analysis, patients who reached the threshold were more likely to delay [OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03–1.24] or not receive surgery [OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.27–1.54], and had a higher risk of 5‐year mortality [HR 5‐year: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.09–1.15, p < 0.0001] regardless of comorbidity status, cancer site, and disease stage.ConclusionReaching the coverage gap threshold was associated with delayed or non receipt of surgical treatment, which resulted in increased long‐term mortality. Lowering the Part D threshold through policy adjustments may reduce financial strain and improve health outcomes for cancer patients.
Climate change–induced terrestrial matter runoff may decrease food web production in coastal ecosystems
Authors: Rowe Owen F. , Paczkowska Joanna , Brutemark Andreas , Brugel Sonia , Traving Sachia J. , Lefébure Robert , Miranda Fernanda , Guleikova Liudmyla , Griniene Evelina , Jurgensone Iveta , Byström Pär , Riemann Lasse , Andersson Agneta 
Published: January 2025

AbstractClimate change is projected to cause elevated precipitation in northern Europe, leading to increased runoff of terrestrial matter to coastal areas. The consequences for food web production and ecosystem function remain unclear. A mesocosm experiment was performed to investigate the impacts of elevated terrestrial matter input, using a natural plankton community from the northern Baltic Sea with added young‐of‐the‐year perch as planktivorous top consumer. Addition of terrestrial matter caused water browning and increased dissolved organic carbon and inorganic nutrient concentrations. Phytoplankton primary production showed a negative response to terrestrial matter due to decreased light availability, while heterotrophic bacterial production increased. The trophic balance, calculated as the difference between primary production and heterotrophic bacterial production, indicated that net‐heterotrophy was triggered by terrestrial matter enrichment. Primary production was identified as the main basal energy source for fish. Addition of terrestrial matter reduced the food web efficiency, calculated as the ratio between fish production and basal production (primary production + heterotrophic bacterial production). Furthermore, stable isotope analysis of seston and fish indicated that the added terrestrial matter was not efficiently incorporated in the food web and only marginally altered the food web trophic positions. The results suggest that the main food chain consisted of phytoplankton, mesozooplankton, and fish, and that the ecosystem production was overall light driven. Under a changing climate, several negative effects can be expected, including a poorer light climate, reduced ecosystem production and net‐heterotrophy. These alterations have potentially significant consequences for ecosystem functioning, fish production, and thus ecosystem services.
Calcium carbonate cycling in the Southern Ocean: insights from dissolved calcium and potential alkalinity tracers
Authors: Sun Yaojia , Ellwood Michael J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe cycling of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) plays a significant role in deep‐water carbon sequestration and affects the buffer capacity of the upper ocean for absorbing atmospheric CO2. This study investigates the role of dissolved calcium (Ca) and potential alkalinity (PA) as tracers for CaCO3 cycling in the Southern Ocean. The correlation between PA and Ca concentrations in subantarctic and polar waters supports their use as effective tracers of the process of CaCO3 dissolution and precipitation. Estimates of particulate inorganic carbon export flux based on Ca concentration reveals substantial contributions in the Southern Ocean, with higher values in the subantarctic waters. These findings highlight the value of Ca and PA as tracers for understanding CaCO3 cycling and its role in carbon sequestration and buffering atmospheric CO2.