bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Single-Column Method to Identify Sea and Land Breezes in Mesoscale-Resolving NWP Models
Authors: Hallgren Christoffer , Körnich Heiner , Ivanell Stefan , Sahlée Erik 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
One of the most prominent mesoscale phenomena in the coastal zone is the sea-breeze/land-breeze circulation. The pattern and its implications for the weather in coastal areas are well described, and with mesoscale-resolving operational NWP models the circulation can be captured. In this study, a straightforward method to identify sea and land breezes based on the change in wind direction in the column above a grid point on the coastline is presented. The method was tested for southern Sweden using archived output from the HARMONIE-AROME model with promising results, describing both the seasonal and diurnal cycles well. In areas with a complex coastline, such as narrow straits, the concept of the land–sea breeze becomes less clear, and several ways to address this problem for the suggested method are discussed. With an operational index of the sea and land breezes, the forecaster can better understand and express the weather situation and add value for people in the coastal zone. Further, the indices can be used to study systematic biases in the model and to create climatologies of the sea and land breezes.

Significance Statement
A wind pattern that is frequently occurring in the coastal zone is the sea-breeze/land-breeze circulation, and the purpose of this study is to test a new method to automatically identify sea breezes and land breezes in weather forecasts. Knowing if a sea breeze or a land breeze is occurring is helpful for the operational weather forecaster in understanding the weather situation. It can also be used to study systematic model behavior, for example, errors in the forecast temperature during sea-breeze conditions. The method has been tested for seven coastal sites in Sweden and shows promising results both in case studies and multiyear statistics.
Indigenous suicide rates in the United States, Australia and New Zealand between 2006 and 2019
Authors: Nguyen Teresa , Ullah Shahid , Looi Jeffrey CL , Allison Stephen , Mulder Roger , Bastiampillai Tarun 
Published: April 2023

Objective: Indigenous suicide prevention is an important focus for national health policies. Indigenous suicide rates in formerly colonial English-speaking countries such as the United States, Australia and New Zealand are considerably higher than the general population, particularly in young males. Given the similarities in their sociocultural history, a time series analysis was conducted to assess recent sex and age trends of suicide in the Indigenous and general populations in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. Methods: Using the number of deaths by intentional self-harm and estimated resident population, suicide incidence rates were calculated for the years 2006–2019 and stratified by Indigenous status, year, time period, sex and age group (above 15 years). Incidence rates were plotted. Using the Poisson regression model, calculated suicide incidence rate ratios were used to make comparisons for sex and age. Results: Across all countries studied, Indigenous suicide rates have increased over time, with Indigenous males having higher suicide rates than Indigenous females. However, the increase in Indigenous female suicides was greater than that for Indigenous males in Australia and New Zealand. Indigenous males aged 15–44 years have the highest suicide rates across all countries. Conclusion: Indigenous suicide rates have remained consistently high in the United States, Australia and New Zealand, with Indigenous males aged 15–44 years showing the highest rate. However, suicide rates for Indigenous females in Australia and New Zealand are increasing more rapidly than males. Given this, it is critical that further research is dedicated to understanding and addressing the issues driving this problem, particularly in youth.
Long-term mental health care in Portugal: A portrait of the first years of activity
Authors: Santos Martins Filipa , Feldens Tallys , Guerra Cátia , Santos João Vasco 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: In Portugal, a reform to implement Long-term mental health care (LTMHC) started in 2017 allowing patients with severe mental illness receiving psychosocial rehabilitation to regain their autonomy and be reintegrated into their communities. Aim: To describe the first steps of the Portuguese LTMHC implementation and to assess the relationship between the LTMHC’s demand (referrals) and supply (vacancies and occupancy). Methods: We conducted a national retrospective observational study to analyse the LTMHC referrals, vacancies and occupancy between mid-2017 (LTMHC establishment) and December 2022. We described and analysed the associated indicators through time and geography, as well as performed a simultaneous regression model to evaluate the relationship between supply and demand. Results: There were 1,192 referrals to the LTMHC, of which 99 (8.3%) were made for childhood and adolescence structures. The maximum support residence (RAMa, ‘Residência de apoio máximo’), designed for patients with higher disabilities, had the highest number of referrals. Additionally, since the opening of vacancies in different institutions, residential structures became quickly saturated. On the other hand, domiciliary services were those with the lowest occupancy. Our estimates support that the vacancies (supply) are induced by the referrals (demand), and referrals are also related to the location of LTMHC facilities. Conclusion: LTMHC is still in the initial stage of development in Portugal, and it is expected to receive financial support through the Recovery and Resilience Programme. According to the occupancy rates and referrals made, residential structures seem to be a priority, being also important to explore the partial use of domiciliary services. The geographical distribution of vacancies can also be a concern, considering the important proximity to the community in LTMHC.
Impact of MW-CNT/polymer composites matrix type on the electrical and gas-sensitive properties
Authors: Huseynov Asgar , Israfilov Aydin , Mammadova Samira , Zeynalov Eldar 
Published: April 2023

In this paper, polyurethane/MW-CNT, silicone/MW-CNT, and epoxy/MW-CNT nanocomposites were prepared, and their electrical and gas-sensitive properties were investigated. The aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition method was used to synthesize MW-CNTs from acetonitrile as a carbon source. These nanocomposites were prepared by an irreversible dispersion method that was developed by our group. SEM analysis results proved that smooth-surfaced, less defective MW-CNTs with 30–60 nm diameter and 60-50 μm length were synthesized successfully. The electrical conductivity of the prepared nanocomposites reveals the correspondence between the degree of uniformity of distribution of MW-CNTs inside polymers and the electrical conductivity of nanocomposites. The electrical conductivity graphs for Epoxy/x MW-CNTs and PU/x MW-CNTs nanocomposites have the same shape, and there is a sharp increase in electrical conductivity from 4% of MW-CNTs, but the values are different: Epoxy/x MW-CNTs (x = 8%) (1000 S/m) and PU/x MW-CNTs (x = 8%) (24.39 S/m). The electrical conductivity graph of silicone/x MW-CNT has a different shape, and percolation began at 2% of MW-CNT and increased sharply till 4%, then there was observed saturation. These results proved that the nanocomposite’s electrical conductivity properties depend on the polymer matrix nature. Simultaneously, the gas-sensitive properties of these nanocomposites were discovered. Thus, it was determined that the highest resistance change was observed for PVAc/x MW-CNT (x = 4%) nanocomposite under CO gas. Except for PVAl/x-MW-CNT (x = 4%), other nanocomposites show a gas-sensitive effect depending on gas types. Moreover, the resistance of all nanocomposites decreases with increasing temperature (from 20 to 120°C) and their behavior as semiconductors. However, the shapes of the graphs of the resistance depending on temperature are different depending on the nanocomposites, and their values are also different, some of them in the Om, KOm, and MOm ranges.
Understanding the relationship between WASH and malnutrition: Analysis of anthropometric data of children attending WASH-supported schools in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Mogaji Hammed Oladeji , Adekunle Oladunni Nimota , Omitola Olaitan Olamide , Yaro Clement Ameh , Babalola Ayodele Samuel , Odoemene Simon Nnayere , Adeaga Dorcas Olufunke , Adubi Taiwo Oluwakemi , Ekpo Uwem Friday 
Published: April 2023

Background There has been a growing interest in better understanding the association between water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and malnutrition. Aim We analysed anthropometric data of children attending WASH intervention schools and those from non-intervention schools in Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods A total of 353 children across six schools (three interventions and three non-interventions) participated in this study. WASH conditions were assessed using WHO standardized tools and anthropometric data of children were analysed in WHO AnthroPlus and R Software. Results The prevalence of stunting was 26.2% in the intervention group, and 29.4% in the control group ( p = 0.045). Underweight was lower in the intervention group (3.9% vs. 10.1%) ( p = 0.45). However, wasting was higher in the intervention group (32.3% vs. 8.2%) ( p = 0.001). Of the variables included in our multivariate model (age, gender, and school category, i.e. intervention/control and class grade), only age was selected, and negatively associated with underweight, stunting and wasting ( p = 0.000). Conclusion Regardless of WASH programming status, nutritional outcomes were significantly influenced by age of the children. Children are more likely to have lower z-scores as they grow older.
Navigating (un)certainty in ‘downhill’ trajectories: An ethnographic study about rehabilitees’ and professionals’ experiences of goal-setting in Parkinson's disease rehabilitation
Authors: Tonnesen Merete , Nielsen Claus V 
Published: April 2023

Objective To explore rehabilitees’ and professionals’ experiences of goal-setting in a context of (un)certainty with a progressive neurodegenerative disease and how they navigate this (un)certainty in Parkinson's disease rehabilitation. Design A long-term multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork (2019−2020) following 20 rehabilitees and their goals over time and settings. Observation at 30 goal-setting meetings. Participants Rehabilitees and professionals in Danish Parkinson's disease rehabilitation. Two randomly chosen groups of rehabilitees attending a Parkinson's disease course at a rehabilitation centre participated. Methods Semi-structured interviews and participant observation. Results Living with Parkinson's disease holds a certainty that the condition will progress yet an uncertainty regarding the pace and severity, as indicated by the notion (un)certainty. The (un)certainty challenges goal-setting. Reflecting on goal-setting, rehabilitees brought forth existential, economical, and societal considerations. Some expressed an ambivalent view, questioning the value of goal-setting with a progressive condition, yet finding own rehabilitation goals relevant. Others expressed a pragmatic view, attuning goals to fit the situation. Professionals found that the visible and invisible symptoms and the uncertain pace of Parkinson's made goal-setting challenging. They had to strike a balance between mentioning symptoms to come, yet not rendering the future too bleak. Conclusions Rehabilitees and professionals found that setting goals in a condition that progresses is no easy task. They made use of strategies such as observation, repetition, future-proofing strategies, and attuning goals to navigate the (un)certainty. In goal-setting, to maintain functioning with progressive Parkinson's disease was a viable goal. Participants found they just do the best they can to navigate (un)certainty.
‘The palliative care ambulance’: A qualitative study of patient and caregiver perspectives of an ambulance service
Authors: Collier Aileen , Dadich Ann , Jeffs Cathie , Noble Andrew , Crawford Gregory B 
Published: April 2023

Background: The need for home-based palliative care is accelerating internationally. At the same time, health systems face increased complexity, funding constraints and global shortages in the healthcare workforce. As such, ambulance services are increasingly tasked with providing palliative care. Where paramedics with additional training in palliative care have been integrated into models of care, evaluations have been largely positive. Studies of patient and family carer experiences of paramedic involvement, however, are limited. Aim: To explore patient and family caregiver experiences of paramedics’ contribution to palliative care at home. Design: Qualitative interview study. We analysed data within a social constructionist epistemology using reflexive thematic analysis. Setting/participants: Participants receiving specialist palliative care in the community of a metropolitan city of Australia who requested an ambulance between January and August 2018, inclusive. Results: Participants considered paramedics with expertise and experience in palliative care as an extension of the specialist community palliative care team and held them in high regard. Participants highlighted the importance of: critical palliative care at home and a timely, responsive approach; person-centred paramedics; as well as safety and security. Conclusion: Patients and carers feel safe and secure when they know that highly responsive skilled professional support is available when an unexpected problem or sudden change arises, especially out-of-hours, and that support is delivered in an empathic and person-centred manner.
Deaths at home, area-based deprivation and the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic: An analysis of mortality data across four nations
Authors: Leniz Javiera , Davies Joanna M , Bone Anna E , Hocaoglu Mevhibe , Verne Julia , Barclay Stephen , Murtagh Fliss E M , Fraser Lorna K , Higginson Irene J , Sleeman Katherine E 
Published: April 2023

Background: The number and proportion of home deaths in the UK increased during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is not known whether these changes were experienced disproportionately by people from different socioeconomic groups. Aim: To examine the association between home death and socioeconomic position during the Covid-19 pandemic, and how this changed between 2019 and 2020. Design: Retrospective cohort study using population-based individual-level mortality data. Setting/participants: All registered deaths in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The proportion of home deaths between 28th March and 31st December 2020 was compared with the same period in 2019. We used Poisson regression models to evaluate the association between decedent’s area-based level of deprivation and risk of home death, as well as the interaction between deprivation and year of death, for each nation separately. Results: Between the 28th March and 31st December 2020, 409,718 deaths were recorded in England, 46,372 in Scotland, 26,410 in Wales and 13,404 in Northern Ireland. All four nations showed an increase in the adjusted proportion of home deaths between 2019 and 2020, ranging from 21 to 28%. This increase was lowest for people living in the most deprived areas in all nations, with evidence of a deprivation gradient in England. Conclusions: The Covid-19 pandemic exacerbated a previously described socioeconomic inequality in place of death in the UK. Further research to understand the reasons for this change and if this inequality has been sustained is needed.
The emotional effects on professional interpreters of interpreting palliative care conversations for adult patients: A rapid review
Authors: Hancox Jennifer A , McKiernan Clare F , Martin Alice L , Tomas Jon , MacArtney John I 
Published: April 2023

Background: Professional interpreters working in palliative contexts improve patient care. Whilst literature identifies psychological distress in other healthcare professionals, research into emotional effects on professional interpreters in this highly emotive setting is limited. Isolating emotional responses may enable targeted interventions to enhance interpreter use and improve wellbeing. Timely evidence is needed to urgently familiarise the profession with issues faced by these valuable colleagues, to affect practice. Aim: Describe the emotional effects on professional interpreters of interpreting adult palliative care conversations. Collate recommendations to mitigate negative emotional effects. Design: We performed a rapid review of studies identifying emotional effects on professional interpreters of interpreting adult palliative conversations. Rapid review chosen to present timely evidence to relevant stakeholders in a resource-efficient way. Thematic analysis managed using NVivo. Quality appraisal evaluated predominantly using CASP checklists. Reported using PRISMA guidelines. PROSPERO registration CRD42022301753. Data sources: Articles available in English on PubMed [1966–2021], MEDLINE [1946–2021], EMBASE [1974–2021], CINAHL [1981–2021] and PsycINFO [1806–2021] in December 2021. Results: Eleven articles from the USA (5), Australia (3), Canada (2) and UK (1). Eight interview-based, two online surveys and one quality improvement project. Themes included (1) Identifying diversity of emotional effects: emotions including stress, discomfort, loneliness. (2) Identifying factors affecting interpreters’ emotional responses: impact of morals, culture and role expectations; working with patients and families; interpreter experience and age. (3) Recommendations to mitigate negative emotional effects: pre-briefing, debriefing and interpreter/provider training. Conclusion: Professional interpreters experience myriad emotional responses to palliative conversations. Role clarity, collaborative working and formal training may alleviate negative effects.
Return to Sport in Middle-aged and Older Athletes After Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty at a Mean 10-Year Follow-up: Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Plancher Kevin D. , Voigt Clifford , Bernstein David N. , Briggs Karen K. , Petterson Stephanie C. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Return to sport is essential information when an athlete contemplates surgical intervention. Young athletes, <30 years of age, may undergo complex cartilage procedures or femoral/tibial osteotomies to successfully treat single-compartment knee osteoarthritis. Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) may offer an attractive alternative option to middle-aged/older athletes with timely return to the same sport without a lengthy rehabilitation. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if athletes are able to return to the same level of vigorous and moderate sports after fixed-bearing intramedullary nonrobotic UKA and the specific sports activities that these athletes continued to participate in at a minimum of 5 years. We hypothesized that UKA in the appropriately selected middle-aged/older athlete would yield high return to sport after UKA with high patient satisfaction. We also hypothesized that UKA would allow athletes to return to their sports of choice. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We identified 245 patients who underwent a UKA by a single surgeon between 2003 and 2017. Athletes were included if they participated in vigorous or moderate sports, as defined by the American College of Sports Medicine, and had minimum 5-year follow-up. The primary outcome was return to vigorous or moderate sports after UKA. Secondary outcomes included the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) Activities of Daily Living score, KOOS Sport and Recreation score, Lysholm score, Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) analysis, and radiographic analysis. Results: An overall 169 athletes met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated for return to sports. A total of 98% (165/169) returned to vigorous or moderate sports participation. The mean ± SD time to return to sport was 5.2 ± 2.3 months in the 39- to 50-year-old cohort, 5.8 ± 3.2 months in athletes aged 51 to 64 years, and 5.2 ± 3.0 months in athletes aged ≥65 years. A total of 143 athletes had minimum 5-year clinical and radiographic follow-up (mean, 10 years; range, 5-19 years). Maintenance of vigorous and moderate sport was seen in 99% (142/143) of athletes at a mean 10 years. In athletes who participated in vigorous sports, the mean Lysholm score was 85 ± 17, and 83% reached the PASS for KOOS Sport and Recreation. Radiographic analysis revealed no evidence of implant loosening (ie, subsidence, radiolucency) or osteolysis, and limb alignment and posterior slope of the implant were within normal limits. Conclusion: Athletes returned to sport at a mean 5 months after UKA implantation, with 98% (165/169) participating in vigorous or moderate sports. UKA is recommended as an alternative procedure in middle-aged and older athletes with single-compartment osteoarthritis who are contemplating a return to vigorous or moderate sport.
Peroneus Longus Split Versus Semitendinosus Tendon Autograft Size: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Wierer Guido , Gwinner Clemens , Scheffler Sven 
Published: April 2023

Background: The anterior half of the peroneus longus tendon (AHPLT) has been reported to be a suitable autograft for ligament reconstruction with low donor-site morbidity. However, clinical data on graft size are limited. Purpose: To determine (1) if there is any difference in size between the AHPLT and semitendinosus tendon (ST) and (2) whether anthropometric measurements can predict autograft size. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 128 consecutive patients scheduled for knee ligament reconstruction were prospectively enrolled. Patients were treated with AHPLT (50%) or ST (50%). Data included anthropometric measurements and intraoperatively recorded graft size. A Student t test was used to determine differences between the groups. Bivariate correlation coefficients and multivariate regression analyses were calculated to identify relationships between graft size and anthropometric measurements. Results: The AHPLT and ST groups were equally distributed according to age, sex, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). The quadrupled graft length for the AHPLT was 7.3 ± 0.6 cm as compared with 7.5 ± 0.7 cm for the ST ( P < .05). The quadrupled graft diameter was 7.7 ± 0.8 mm for the AHPLT and 8.0 ± 0.7 mm for the ST ( P < .05). Height had a moderate ( r = 0.57) to high ( r = 0.68) correlation with AHPLT and ST length, respectively ( P < .01). Weight had a moderate correlation ( r = 0.43) with AHPLT diameter ( P < .01) but only a weak correlation ( r = 0.19) with ST diameter ( P > .05). A significant interaction effect of BMI and thigh circumference on ST graft diameter was found, which showed that the effect of thigh circumference on ST graft diameter decreased significantly as BMI increased ( P < .05). This moderating effect of BMI could not be observed for the coefficient of shank circumference on AHPLT graft diameter ( P > .05). Conclusion: (1) The peroneus longus split tendon provides a reliable autograft size for knee ligament reconstructions. It was prone to be slightly shorter and thinner than the ST. (2) Patient height was the strongest predictor for AHPLT and ST graft length. However, predicting graft diameter based on thigh or shank circumference was more challenging, with higher BMIs affecting the ability to predict ST more than AHPLT.