bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumer perceptions and antioxidant profiling of acidified cold‐brewed sorghum bran beverages
Authors: Ardoin Ryan , Smith Brennan , Lea Jeanne , Boue Stephen , Smolensky Dmitriy , Santana Adina L. , Peterson Jaymi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSumac sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) bran contains polyphenolic compounds with health‐promoting properties. Functional food product development can add economic value to sorghum bran, but acceptability may be limited by bitter taste. An acidified cold‐brewed sorghum bran beverage was developed, and simplified sweetened (SB) and unsweetened (UB) versions were analyzed for antioxidant profiles (total phenolic content, phenolic profiling via HPLC, condensed tannins, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging) and sensory properties. Beverages contained condensed tannins (average of 0.33 mg catechin equivalents per milliliter) along with other flavonoids and demonstrated in vitro antioxidant capacity (3.32–3.96 mmol Trolox equivalents per milliliter). One hundred fourteen consumers, grouped by 6‐n‐propylthiouracil (bitterness) taster status, rated acceptability (9‐point hedonic scales), bitterness intensity (5‐point scale), and purchase intent (PI; yes/no) of model beverages. Although the concept was novel, SB was clearly more acceptable to consumers regardless of preference for sweet versus unsweet tea (as a reference product concept). Mean mouthfeel and flavor liking scores were significantly higher for SB (6.2 and 5.1, respectively) than UB (4.8 and 3.0, respectively). Bitterness was suppressed by the sweetness in SB (mean bitterness intensity of 1.8 vs. 2.6 for UB), although 21% of consumers still found it “too bitter.” However, consumers’ taster status did not affect beverage acceptability nor bitterness perceptions at present phenolic levels (0.53 gallic acid equivalents per milligram). After a sorghum/antioxidant information message, positive PI increased to 56% for SB, impacting more females than males. Enhanced familiarity and effective product messaging can improve acceptability of acidified cold‐brewed sorghum bran beverages as a novel functional food product concept.Practical ApplicationNew food applications of cereal bran can provide value in terms of byproduct utilization and delivery of health‐promoting ingredients. Sorghum bran beverages demonstrated antioxidant activity, and the sweetened formulation showed decreased bitterness and increased acceptability. Consumers were positively influenced by antioxidant information, although most had not previously consumed sorghum.
Glomerular filtration rate estimated by differing measures and risk of all‐cause mortality among Chinese individuals without or with diabetes: A nationwide prospective study
Authors: Liu Yu‐Jie , Li Fu‐Rong , Chen Cai‐Long , Wan Zhong‐Xiao , Chen Jin‐Si , Yang Jing , Liu Rong , Xu Jia‐Ying , Zheng Yan , Qin Li‐Qiang , Chen Guo‐Chong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhether estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) by differing biomarkers are differentially associated with mortality or whether the associations differ by diabetes status remains unclear, especially in Chinese population.MethodsWe included 6995 participants without diabetes (mean age: 60.4 years) and 1543 with diabetes (mean age: 61.8 years). Each eGFR measure was divided into normal (≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2), modestly declined (60 to <90 mL/min/1.73 m2), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (<60 mL/min/1.73 m2) groups. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) of all‐cause mortality associated with each eGFR.ResultsOver a follow‐up of 7 years, 677 and 215 deaths occurred among individuals without or with diabetes, respectively. Among those without diabetes, all measures of modestly declined eGFR were not associated with mortality, whereas CKD defined by eGFR cystatin C (eGFRcys) and eGFR creatinine (eGFRcr)‐cys (HRs were 1.71 and 1.55, respectively) but not by eGFRcr were associated with higher risk of mortality. Among diabetes, all measures of modestly declined eGFR (HRs: 1.53, 1.56, and 2.09 for eGFRcr, eGFRcys, and eGFRcr‐cys, respectively) and CKD (HRs: 2.57, 2.99, and 3.92 for eGFRcr, eGFRcys, and eGFRcr‐cys, respectively) were associated with higher risk of mortality. Regardless of diabetes status, an addition of eGFRcys or eGFRcr‐cys to traditional risk factors lead to a larger improvement in the prediction of all‐cause mortality risk than adding eGFRcr.ConclusionsThe association of eGFR with mortality risk appeared to be varied by its measures and by diabetes status among middle‐aged and older Chinese, which needs to be considered in clinical practice.
Petroleum Retention, Intraformational Migration and Segmented Accumulation within the Organic‐rich Shale in the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation of the Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin, Northeast China
Authors: HUANGFU Yuhui , ZHANG Jinyou , ZHANG Shuichang , WANG Xiaomei , HE Kun , GUAN Ping , ZHANG Huanxu , ZHANG Bin , WANG Huajian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, organic geochemical and petrological analyses were conducted on 111 shale samples from a well to understand the retention, intraformational migration and segmented accumulation (shale oil enrichment in different intervals is unconnected) features of shale oil within the organic‐rich shale in the Qingshankou Formation of the Gulong Sag. Our study shows that retained petroleum characteristics in the investigated succession are mainly influenced by three factors: organic richness, intraformational migration and segmented accumulation. Organic matter richness primarily controls the amount of retained petroleum, especially the ‘live’ component indicated by the S2 value rather than the total organic carbon (TOC) figure alone. The negative expulsion efficiencies determined by mass‐balance calculations of hydrocarbons reveal that petroleum from adjacent organic‐rich intervals migrates into the interval of about 2386–2408 m, which is characterized by high free hydrocarbon (S1), OSI and saturated hydrocarbons content, along with a greater difference in δ13C values between polar compounds (including resins and asphaltenes) and saturated hydrocarbons. The depth‐dependent heterogeneity of carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of mud methane gas, δ13C of extracts gross composition (SARA), δ13C of kerogen and SARA content of extracts suggest that the studied succession can be subdivided into four intervals. The shale oil sealing enrichment character in each interval is further corroborated by the distinct δ13C values of mud methane gas in different intervals. Due to the migration of petroleum into the 2386–2408 m interval, the S1, OSI and saturated hydrocarbons content of the interval show higher relative values. The maturity of organic matter in the 2471–2500 m interval is at the highest with the smaller size molecular components of the retained petroleum. Thus, favorable ‘sweet spots’ may be found in the 2386–2408 m interval and the 2471–2500 m interval, according to the experiment results in this study.
Mechanism of Structure Variations at Rifted Margins in the Central Segment of South Atlantic: Insights from Numerical Modeling
Authors: WANG Zhichen , LI Jianghai , FENG Zhiqiang , WANG Lijie , LIU Chen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRifted margins in the central South Atlantic portray spatial variability in terms of preserved width and thickness, which relates to complex rift‐related fault activities. However, there is still a lack of systematic and quantitative explanations for the causes of the variations that are observed along the paired rifts. To elucidate this issue, 2D viscous‐plastic thermomechanical numerical models are applied to capture the behavior of deformation, in which we investigate the effects of extensional rate, crustal strength and thickness on crust‐mantle coupling, and timing of transition from rifting to breakup. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that crust‐mantle decoupling accounts for crustal hyperextension, and that incorporating moderate‐intensity rheology into lower crust may yield insights into the hyper‐extended crust and asymmetric architecture observed in the central South Atlantic. The results also suggest that undulations in lithospheric basement cause asymmetric mantle upwelling. The lower crust of fold belts takes priority to be thermally weakened over craton and induces rift migration simultaneously. A new mechanism for the formation of failed rift is described, where the mechanical decoupling derived from thermally weakened lower crust gives access to dual rift migration. These results reinforce the interpretation on how crustal rheology shapes margins architectures and highlight the first‐order effects of crust‐mantle coupling.
Surface Processes Driving Intracontinental Basin Subsidence in the Context of India–Eurasia Collision: Evidence from Flexural Subsidence Modeling of the Cenozoic Southern Tarim Basin along the West Kunlun Foreland, NW Tibetan Plateau
Authors: HUANG Hao , LIN Xiubin , AN Kaixuan , ZHANG Yuqing , CHEN Hanlin , CHENG Xiaogan , LI Chunyang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe India–Eurasia collision has produced a number of Cenozoic deep intracontinental basins, which bear important information for revealing the far‐afield responses to the remote collision. Despite their significance, their subsiding mechanism remains the subject of debate, with end‐member models attributing it to either orogenic or sedimentary load. In this study, we conduct flexural subsidence modeling with a two‐dimensional finite elastic plate model on the Hotan–Mazatagh section along the southern Tarim Basin, which defines a key region in the foreland of the West Kunlun Orogen, along the NW margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The modeling results indicate that the orogenic load of West Kunlun triggers the southern Tarim Basin to subside by up to less than ∼6 km, with its impact weakening towards the basin interiors until ∼230 km north from the Karakax fault. The sedimentary load, consisting of Cenozoic strata, forces the basin to subside by ∼2 to ∼7 km. In combination with the retreat of the proto‐Paratethys Sea and the paleogeographic reorganization of the Tarim Basin, we propose that surface processes, in particular a shift from an exorheic to an endorheic drainage system associated with the consequent thick sedimentary load, played a decisive role in forming deep intracontinental basins in the context of the India–Eurasia collision.
Can global trade rules cope with changing nutrition challenges?
Authors: Thow Anne Marie , Wijkström Erik , Wolff Christiane 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMalnutrition remains a global challenge and is hampering the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals. At the United Nations, governments have committed to taking action on food systems and nutrition. Government intervention in this space will necessarily intersect trade and health policy. This Practitioner Commentary considers the implications for policymakers in the trade and health communities. We argue that there is an opportunity for ‘soft guidance’ to play an important role in helping governments navigate potential tensions between trade and nutrition policies.
Naïve no more: Foreign direct investment screening in the European Union
Authors: Bauerle Danzman Sarah , Meunier Sophie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper asks what explains the creation and comparative features of national Investment Screening Mechanisms (ISMs) in Europe. After providing a brief history and definition of ISMs, we provide descriptive patterns about the similarities and differences in the investment screening features of national ISMs in EU member states. We then explain differences in national screening policies by focusing on the role of public debt, Chinese investment, R&D expenditures and various geographic groupings. Finally, we make three policy arguments about the rise of ISMs in Europe: (1) ISMs have not been designed as protectionist instruments, (2) the politics of inward investment screening reflects a shift from economic to security logic in addressing the fundamental tension between the benefits and vulnerabilities of open markets and (3) the EU can use the ‘commercialisation’ of security to extend its own competence in the security sphere. We conclude by considering how the rapid expansion of investment screening in Europe could affect economic openness, as well as the role of the EU as a global actor.
Short‐ and medium‐term outcomes of video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery versus thoracotomy for carinal lung resection combined with carina reconstruction in locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Pan Hanbo , Zou Ningyuan , Huang Jia , Tian Yu , Jia Yunxuan , Zhu Hongda , Gu Zenan , Jiang Long , Yao Feng , Luo Qingquan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe application of video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for complex carina surgeries in treating non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with involved carina is controversial. This study compared short‐ and medium‐term outcomes of VATS versus thoracotomy for carinal lung resection with carina reconstruction in treating locally advanced NSCLC, aiming to assess the potential benefit of VATS over thoracotomy for these patients.MethodsA total of 37 consecutive NSCLC cases receiving VATS (n = 14) or thoracotomy (n = 23) for carinal lung resection with carina reconstruction from 2016 to 2021 were retrospectively identified. Baseline clinicopathological characteristics, perioperative outcomes, and survival profiles were investigated.ResultsPatients in the VATS and thoracotomy groups had comparable baseline clinicopathological characteristics (all p > 0.050). VATS decreased postoperative drainage volume compared with thoracotomy (1280 [1170–1510] vs. 1795 [1510–1905] mL, p = 0.012). Regarding surgical‐related pains, VATS reduced numeric rating scale scores on the postoperative day 1 (4 [3, 4] vs. 5 [4, 5], p = 0.021) and day 2 (3 [3, 4] vs. 5 [3–5], p = 0.023) than thoracotomy. No difference was found between the VATS and thoracotomy groups in other perioperative outcomes, postoperative complications, and assessment of lymph nodes (LNs) and LN stations (all p > 0.050). Moreover, patients in the two groups had comparable 3‐year disease‐free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and recurrence and mortality patterns. Further subgroup and Cox hazards regression analyses also observed no difference in DFS or OS between the two groups.ConclusionsVATS reduced postoperative drainage volume and ameliorated surgical‐related pain, and achieved comparable medium‐term survival compared to thoracotomy for carinal lung resection with carina reconstruction in treating locally advanced NSCLC.
Mild induced hypothermia and coagulation and platelet function in patients with septic shock: Secondary outcome of a randomized trial
Authors: Itenov Theis S. , Kromann Maria E. , Ostrowski Sisse R. , Bestle Morten H. , Mohr Thomas , Gyldensted Louise , Lindhardt Anne , Thormar Katrin , Sessler Daniel I. , Juffermans Nicole P. , Lundgren Jens D. , Jensen Jens‐Ulrik 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCoagulation abnormalities and microthrombi contribute to septic shock, but the impact of body temperature regulation on coagulation in patients with sepsis is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that mild induced hypothermia reduces coagulation and platelet aggregation in patients with septic shock. Secondary analysis of randomized controlled trial. Adult patients with septic shock who required mechanical ventilation from eight intensive care units in Denmark were randomly assigned to mild induced hypothermia for 24 h or routine thermal management. Viscoelastography and platelet aggregation were assessed at trial inclusion, after 12 h of thermal management, and 24 h after inclusion. A total of 326 patients were randomized to mild induced hypothermia (n = 163) or routine thermal management (n = 163). Mild induced hypothermia slightly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombus initiation time (R time 8.0 min [interquartile range, IQR 6.6–11.1] vs. 7.2 min [IQR 5.8–9.2]; p = .004) and marginally inhibited thrombus propagation (angle 68° [IQR 59–73] vs. 71° [IQR 63–75]; p = .014). The effect was also present after 24 h. Clot strength remained unaffected (MA 71 mm [IQR 66–76] with mild induced hypothermia vs. 72 mm (65–77) with routine thermal management, p = .9). The proportion of patients with hyperfibrinolysis was not affected (0.7% vs. 3.3%; p = .19), but the proportion of patients with no fibrinolysis was high in the mild hypothermia group (8.8% vs. 40.4%; p < .001). The mild induced hypothermia group had lower platelet aggregation: ASPI 85U (IQR 50–113) versus 109U (IQR 74–148, p < .001), ADP 61U (IQR 40–83) versus 79 U (IQR 54–101, p < .001), TRAP 108 (IQR 83–154) versus 119 (IQR 94–146, p = .042) and COL 50U (IQR 34–66) versus 67U (IQR 46–92, p < .001). In patients with septic shock, mild induced hypothermia slightly impaired clot initiation, but did not change clot strength. Platelet aggregation was slightly impaired. The effect of mild induced hypothermia on viscoelastography and platelet aggregation was however not in a range that would have clinical implications. We did observe a substantial reduction in fibrinolysis.
Exercise is associated with younger methylome and transcriptome profiles in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Voisin Sarah , Seale Kirsten , Jacques Macsue , Landen Shanie , Harvey Nicholas R. , Haupt Larisa M. , Griffiths Lyn R. , Ashton Kevin J. , Coffey Vernon G. , Thompson Jamie‐Lee M. , Doering Thomas M. , Lindholm Malene E. , Walsh Colum , Davison Gareth , Irwin Rachelle , McBride Catherine , Hansson Ola , Asplund Olof , Heikkinen Aino E. , Piirilä Päivi , Pietiläinen Kirsi H. , Ollikainen Miina , Blocquiaux Sara , Thomis Martine , Coletta Dawn K. , Sharples Adam P. , Eynon Nir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExercise training prevents age‐related decline in muscle function. Targeting epigenetic aging is a promising actionable mechanism and late‐life exercise mitigates epigenetic aging in rodent muscle. Whether exercise training can decelerate, or reverse epigenetic aging in humans is unknown. Here, we performed a powerful meta‐analysis of the methylome and transcriptome of an unprecedented number of human skeletal muscle samples (n = 3176). We show that: (1) individuals with higher baseline aerobic fitness have younger epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles, (2) exercise training leads to significant shifts of epigenetic and transcriptomic patterns toward a younger profile, and (3) muscle disuse “ages” the transcriptome. Higher fitness levels were associated with attenuated differential methylation and transcription during aging. Furthermore, both epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles shifted toward a younger state after exercise training interventions, while the transcriptome shifted toward an older state after forced muscle disuse. We demonstrate that exercise training targets many of the age‐related transcripts and DNA methylation loci to maintain younger methylome and transcriptome profiles, specifically in genes related to muscle structure, metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Our comprehensive analysis will inform future studies aiming to identify the best combination of therapeutics and exercise regimes to optimize longevity.
G protein‐coupled receptor 158 modulates sensitivity to the sedative‐hypnotic effect of ethanol in male mice
Authors: Wei Shoupeng , Zheng Lei , Chang Jinlong , Jiang Jian , Zhou Zhiyu , Liao Huanquan , Song Kun , Liu Xiaoma , Chi Xinjin , Li Huiliang , Kuang Xin , Li Ningning 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundSensitivity to ethanol provides an index of the predisposition to recover from unconsciousness induced by a dose of ethanol. The role of the G protein‐coupled receptor 158 (GPR158) in modulating sensitivity to the sedative‐hypnotic effect of ethanol has not been investigated.MethodsLoss of righting reflex (LORR) is a behavioral indicator of hypnosis in rodents. In this study, Gpr158−/− mice and wild‐type (WT) littermates (n = 8/genotype) were tested using LORR induced by a dose of 3.5 g/kg ethanol, an open‐field test (OFT), and a measure of blood ethanol concentration. The OFT was used to examine the role of GPR158 in the ethanol effect on motor activity in Gpr158−/− mice (n = 6/genotype). We also tested CamK2A‐Cre;Gpr158fl/fl (n = 9) and Vgat‐Cre;Gpr158fl/fl mice (n = 10) using the LORR test and OFT to compare with controls (n = 9 and 8, respectively).ResultsGpr158 deficiency prolonged the LORR duration by 110.6%, t(14) = −5.241, p = 0.0001, without altering spontaneous activity, t(14) = −0.718, p = 0.485, or ethanol metabolism, F(1, 8) = 0.259, p = 0.625. Gpr158 knockout did not change the ethanol effect on locomotion, F(1, 10) = 0.262, p = 0.62. The LORR duration increased by 69% in the conditional knockouts of Gpr158 within calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II alpha‐positive (CamK2A+) neurons, t(16) = −2.914, p = 0.01, and by 92% in the vesicular GABA transporter‐positive (Vgat+) neurons, t(9.802) = −2.519, p = 0.023. Locomotion was not altered in Camk2A‐Cre;Gpr158fl/fl, t(16) = 0.49, p = 0.631 or Vgat‐Cre;Gpr158fl/fl mice, t(16) = 0.035, p = 0.972.ConclusionsThis study reveals the key role of neuronal GPR158 in shaping sensitivity to the sedative‐hypnotic effect of ethanol. These findings contribute to our understanding of the neurobiology of ethanol intoxication.
The Children's Dual Emotion Regulation Strategy scale: An integrated perspective of Western and East Asian cultures
Authors: Wang Li‐fei , Wei Meifen , Chang Jen‐Ho , Chiao Hung 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe literature on emotion regulation in general lacks cultural and contextual sensitivity and is mainly focused on adult participants. Therefore, we developed the Children's Dual Emotion Regulation Strategy (CDERS) scale as a scenario‐based measurement that integrates Western and East Asian cultural perspectives. In Study 1 (N = 1120), six interpersonal conflict scenarios were generated, and each scenario consisted of four emotion regulation strategies (i.e., expression, forbearance, impulsiveness, and suppression), thereby including 24 items in total. A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four‐factor structure. Concurrent validity revealed that the four strategies in the CDERS accounted for 18%–20% of the variance in predicting positive self‐concept and life adjustment. In Study 2 (N = 319), predictive validity revealed that CDERS accounted for 12%–16% of the variance in predicting six outcomes. Incremental validity showed that the CDERS significantly accounted for an additional 3%–11% of the variance in predicting all outcomes above and beyond the existing Western and East Asian emotion regulation measures. The CDERS subscales showed acceptable internal and test–retest reliability. In summary, these studies suggest that the CDERS is a reliable and valid measure. The implications of the results point out suggestions for culturally sensitive practices.