bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccination in immunocompromised patients
Authors: Song Jin-Wen , Hu Wei , Shen Lili , Wang Fu-Sheng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a great threat to public health. Individuals who are immunocompromised because of the progression of the primary disease or receiving immunosuppressive medications are prone to severe COVID-19 complications and poor outcomes. Abundant data have shown that many COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective in large-scale populations; however, these clinical trials have excluded immunocompromised populations. Available evidence indicates that immunocompromised populations have a blunted immune response to other vaccines, raising concerns regarding the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination in these populations. Thus, there is an urgent need to delineate the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in these vulnerable populations. Here, we review the characteristics of specific humoral and cellular responses to COVID-19 vaccination in immunocompromised populations, including HIV-infected patients and those receiving immunosuppressive treatment, especially solid organ transplant recipients and those undergoing anti-CD20 treatment. We also addressed the challenges that immunocompromised populations are facing in the future pandemic and the need for basic and clinical translational studies to highlight the best vaccination strategies for these populations.
Acute kidney injury development and impact on clinical and economic outcomes in patients with cirrhosis: an observational cohort study over a 10-year period
Authors: Alshogran Osama Y. , Altawalbeh Shoroq M. , Almestarihi Eman M. 
Published: January 2023

Objectives
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe complication that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in hospitalized cirrhotic patients. Data about AKI incidence and outcomes in patients with cirrhosis is scarce in the Middle East region. This study explored the incidence and impact of AKI on clinical and economic outcomes in cirrhosis.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of cirrhosis patients admitted to an educational hospital in Jordan during the years 2012–2022. Demographics, clinical and biochemical information, and charges were retrieved from medical electronic records. Logistic regression models were conducted to evaluate predictors of AKI and mortality in cirrhosis adjusting for covariates. Hospital charges were also described.

Results
A total of 380 cirrhosis patients were included with an AKI incidence of 27.9%. Male sex, elevated baseline serum creatinine, presence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and higher comorbidity score were independently associated with AKI development (P < 0.05). The hospital mortality rate was markedly higher for patients with AKI versus those without AKI (51.9% vs. 6.2%, respectively; P < 0.001). AKI was associated independently with higher odds of hospital death (OR = 5.83, P < 0.001), prolongation of the median hospital stays by 5 days (P < 0.001), more clinical complications, and increased total hospital charges per admission by $2500.

Conclusion
AKI is prevalent in cirrhosis patients, and it is associated with increased mortality, hospitalization, and cost. This burden in cirrhosis emphasizes the need for early identification of patients at high risk of AKI and applying prompt and effective management approaches, aiming at improving outcomes.
Impact of Preoperative Extramammary Findings in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer
Authors: Gleckler Lauren , Roy Nikita , Bernstein Michelle , Balija Tara M , LaPlaca Caroline , Port Elisa , Bernik Stephanie 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Breast MRI has been associated with significant rates of false positive findings. We aimed to determine the frequency of extra-mammary findings (EMFs) in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients on breast MRI with contrast and assess the significance of these findings and need for additional imaging and follow up.

Study Design:
Retrospective review of patients diagnosed with breast cancer from October 2018 – October 2019 was performed. Clinico-pathologic features were collected, including type of breast cancer, size, stage, and whether the patients had a breast MRI. Those who had MRI were included and MRI was reviewed to determine if EMFs were identified. Further imaging and follow up were assessed and recorded.

Results:
Of the 480 patients included in this cohort, 353 (74%) had invasive cancer while the remainder had DCIS. Two hundred and ninety patients (60%) underwent MRI, and 53/290 (18%) had EMFs on MRI. Of these, 28/53 (53%) underwent additional imaging to further evaluate findings. Two invasive procedures were performed (fine needle aspiration and thymectomy), and one malignancy was identified in the thymus. No metastatic breast cancer was identified in any patient.

Conclusions:
MRIs are frequently obtained for newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, and additional findings, especially extra-mammary, can be stressful for patients, and potentially lead to treatment delay if further evaluation is warranted. Our results demonstrate that incidental EMFs discovered via breast MRI are common and often lead to additional imaging studies. However, no metastatic lesions were found and only one separate malignancy was identified which did not affect breast cancer management. In patients with early-stage breast cancer, EMFs yield a very low rate of malignancy, providing high levels of reassurance and supporting the option of proceeding with surgery or treatment without delay.
Acoustic trapping and navigation of microrobots in the mouse brain vasculature
Authors: Fonseca Alexia Del Campo , Glück Chaim , Droux Jeanne , Ferry Yann , Frei Carole , Wegener Susanne , Weber Bruno , El Amki Mohamad , Ahmed Daniel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMany cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases are currently challenging to treat due to the complex and delicate anatomy of the brain. The use of microrobots can create new opportunities in brain research due to their ability to access hard-to-reach regions and empower various biological applications; however, little is known about the functionality of microrobots in the brain, owing to their limited imaging modalities and intravascular challenges such as high blood flow velocities, osmotic pressures, and cellular responses. Here, we present an acoustic, non-invasive, biocompatible microrobot actuation system, forin vivonavigation in the bloodstream, in which microrobots are formed by lipid-shelled microbubbles that aggregate and propel under the force of acoustic irradiation. We investigated their capacitiesin vitrowithin a microfluidic 3D setup andin vivoin a living mouse brain. We show that microrobots can self-assemble and navigate upstream in the brain vasculature. Our microrobots achieved upstream velocities of up to 1.5 μm/s and overcame blood flows of ~10 mm/s. Our results prove that microbubble-based microrobots are scalable to the complex 3D living milieu.Significance StatementNumerous brain diseases, including ischemic stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, and glioblastoma, may benefit from local and targeted therapies. Although they show great promise, microrobots have not yet demonstrated successfulin vivonavigation inside the brain, as the challenging flow conditions and the complex 3D vascular network in the brain pose fundamental limitations. Here, we apply acoustically driven microrobots with the capacity for self-assembly and real-time navigation, including navigation against blood flow up to 10 mm/s, used for the first time inside the brain vasculature of a living mouse. The ultrasound manipulation of microrobots inside animal models provides a much-needed pathway for the advancement of preclinical research.
Talk To A Scientist: A Framework for a Webinar-Based Science Outreach Platform for Children
Authors: Mhade Shreeya , Kadam Snehal , Kaushik Karishma S 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGiven their future roles as citizens and decision makers, science outreach focused on children is important and relevant. We describe a scientist-led outreach platform (Talk To A Scientist), that uses a webinar-based approach to discuss a range of science topics with children (6-16 years). Based in India and led by two working scientists, Talk To A Scientist has been running for nearly 3 years, with a large and diverse reach across school students. In addition to webinars, the platform regularly hosts archived video content and weekly science activities, along with occasional summer family quizzes and age-specific webinars. We outline the framework used to build Talk To A Scientist, and discuss key considerations and challenges in the development and expansion of the program. We believe that the Talk To A Scientist outreach model focused on children can serve as a guideline for the implementation of similar platforms across diverse settings, and is amenable to a range of modifications to enhance engagement, sustain interest, and tailor outreach to specific groups.
Modeling the HIV epidemic in MSM in Cyprus: Reaching only the 95-95-95 cascade of care targets fails to reduce HIV incidence by 90% in 2030
Authors: Gountas I. , Pantavou K. , Siakalis G. , Demetriou A. , Demetriades I. , Nikolopoulos G. K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesNational responses should be improved and accelerated to meet the target of ending the Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic by 2030. In the Republic of Cyprus, Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), accounting approximately for half of all annual HIV diagnoses. This study aims to assess the evolution of HIV incidence in MSM in Cyprus until 2030 under different scenarios.MethodsA model of HIV transmission and progression was calibrated to Cypriot epidemiological data. Four scenarios were examined: status quo, two scenarios focusing on introducing Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), and a 90% HIV incidence reduction scenario.ResultsReaching only the 95-95-95 HIV cascade of care (CoC) targets among MSM fails to achieve the 90% reduction in HIV incidence: the estimated reduction in 2030 compared to 2015 would be 48.6%. Initiating a PrEP intervention only for high risk MSM would cause a modest further reduction in HIV incidence. To meet the 90% HIV reduction target, PrEP should be expanded to both high and medium risk MSM and, after 2025, behavioral interventions should be implemented so as high risk MSM gradually move to the medium risk category.ConclusionsCyprus will not reach the HIV incidence reduction target by 2030 unless PrEP is gradually promoted and delivered to all high and medium risk MSM along with awareness and behavioral interventions.
Structure of the Native Chemotaxis Core Signalling Unit from E-gene lysedE. colicells
Authors: Cassidy C. Keith , Qin Zhuan , Frosio Thomas , Gosink Khoosheh , Yang Zhengyi , Sansom Mark S. P. , Stansfeld Phillip J. , Parkinson John S. , Zhang Peijun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMotile bacteria detect ambient chemical gradients and control their locomotion via conserved chemotaxis signaling networks, enabling cells to locate nutrients, potential hosts and other important biological niches. The sensory apparatus of the chemotaxis pathway is an array of core-signaling units (CSU) composed of transmembrane chemoreceptors, the histidine kinase CheA and an adaptor protein CheW. Although chemotaxis pathways represent the best understood signaling systems, a detailed mechanistic understanding of signal transduction has been hindered by the lack of a complete structural picture of the CSU and extended array. In this study, we present the structure of the complete CSU from phage E-gene lysedE. colicells, determined using cryo-electron tomography and sub-tomogram averaging to 12 Å resolution. Using AlphaFold2, we further predict the atomic structures of the CSU’s constituent proteins as well as key protein-protein interfaces, enabling the assembly an all-atom CSU model, which we conformationally refine using our cryoET map. Molecular dynamics simulations of the resulting model provide new insight into the periplasmic organization of the complex, including novel interactions between neighboring receptor ligand binding domains. Our results further elucidate previously unresolved interactions between individual CheA domains, including an anti-parallel P1 dimer and non-productive binding mode between P1 and P4, enhancing our understanding of the structural mechanisms underlying CheA signaling and regulation.
Mapping the 3D position of battery cathode particles in Bragg coherent diffractive imaging
Authors: Shabalin A. G. , Zhang M. , Yao W. , Rysov R. , Ren Z. , Lapkin D. , Kim Y.-Y. , Assalauova D. , Mukharamova N. , Sprung M. , Vartanyants I. A. , Meng Y. S. , Shpyrko O. G. 
Published: January 2023

In Bragg coherent diffractive imaging, the precise location of the measured crystals in the interior of the sample is usually missing. Obtaining this information would help the study of the spatially dependent behavior of particles in the bulk of inhomogeneous samples, such as extra-thick battery cathodes. This work presents an approach to determine the 3D position of particles by precisely aligning them at the instrument axis of rotation. In the test experiment reported here, with a 60 µm-thick LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 battery cathode, the particles were located with a precision of 20 µm in the out-of-plane direction, and the in-plane coordinates were determined with a precision of 1 µm.
Preferences and challenges towards the adoption of the fourth industrial revolution technologies by hotels: a multilevel concurrent mixed approach
Authors: Osei Benjamin Appiah , Cheng Michael 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThe aim of this mixed methods study sought to investigate the preferences and challenges towards fourth industrial revolution (FIR) technologies adoption at hotels in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted partially-mixed concurrent quantitative-dominant mixed methods. The quantitative part of the study examined the preferred FIR technologies for hotels; whiles the qualitative part explored the challenges towards their adoption.FindingsThe results revealed that Internet of things, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and cyber physical systems were the preferred FIR technologies for hotels. The findings revealed significant relationships between respondents' socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, working experience, etc.) and preferred FIR technologies. Penultimately, challenges that affect the adoption of FIR technologies including investment cost, migration cost, trust, etc., were discussed.Originality/valueIn effect, findings from this study provide valuable information for policy makers (i.e. hotel owners, management, technology providers and future researchers). Most especially, the study unearths specific FIR technologies preferred by the hospitality and tourism industry. Also, the significant interplay of these preferences vis a vis respondents' socio-demographic characteristics, as well as challenges influencing their adoption also have major implications for policy makers. Another valuable contribution of this study lies in the research method utilised, since most studies on technology adoption either use quantitative or qualitative. These contributions for theory and practice have been thoroughly discussed.
Intersex is required for female sexual development in Hermetia illucens
Authors: Chen Bihui , Kou Zongqing , Jiang Yuguo , Luo Xingyu , Li Peili , Sun Kaiji , Wang Weiwei , Huang Yongping , Wang Yaohui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSex‐determination pathways are extremely diverse. Understanding the mechanism of sex determination in insects is important for genetic manipulation of the pest population and for breeding of economically valuable insects. Although sex determination has been well characterized in the model species Drosophila melanogaster, little is known about this pathway in Stratiomyidae. In the present study, we first identified the Drosophila intersex (ix) homolog in Hermetia illucens, also known as the black soldier fly, which belongs to the Stratiomyidae family and which is an important insect for the conversion of various organic wastes. Phylogenetic analyses and multiple sequence alignment revealed that Hiix is conserved compared with Drosophila. We showed that Hiix is highly expressed in internal genitalia. Disruption of the Hiix gene using CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in female‐specific defects in external genitalia and abnormal and undersized ovaries. Taken together, our study furthers our understanding of sex determination in insects and could facilitate breeding of H. illucens.
How to choose the appropriate cannulation technique for vascular access in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Sousa Clemente Neves , Teles Paulo , Ribeiro Olga Maria Pimenta Lopes , Sousa Rui , Lira Marta Nunes , Delgado Elisabete , Oliveira Debora , Campos Luís , Fernandes Filipa , Moura Sandra Cristina Mendo , Delgado Millena Freire , Sá Tiago Gomes , Teixeira Sílvia Mónica Pereira , Souza Lara Helk , Ribeiro Rita Cássia Helú Mendonça , Oliveira Gabriela Fernanda Neves , Mendonça Ana Elza Oliveira , Ozen Nurten 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe cannulation technique is important for the survival of the arteriovenous access. Choosing the appropriate technique is a complex decision. Such choice must be customized to patients, considering their characteristics, the type of arteriovenous access and the experience of the hemodialysis team. We describe seven items that can help nurses to identify the appropriate cannulation technique: type of arteriovenous access; drainage vein; hygienic self‐care profile; experience of the nursing staff in the cannulation technique and nurse‐to‐patient ratio; hemodialysis treatment method; patient's condition; and patient's decision. Such items can help nurses in decision‐making on the “ideal” cannulation technique for each patient.
Insight into property, function, and digestion of potato starch modified by phenolic compounds with varying structures
Authors: Chen Nan , Gao Hao‐Xiang , He Qiang , Zeng Wei‐Cai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInfluences of structural characteristics of phenolic compounds on the properties of potato starch were investigated, and their effects on the quality, function, and digestion of potato starch noodles were further determined. All testing phenolic compounds (including protocatechuic acid [PA], naringin [NA], and tannic acid [TA]) exhibited the significant capability to modify the thermal properties, rheological properties, and enzymatic hydrolysis of potato starch. The high amount of hydroxyl groups, the presence of glycoside structure, appropriate molecular size, and steric hindrance were beneficial to enhance their effects on potato starch. In addition, by changing the microstructure of starch hydrocolloids, PA, NA, and TA could affect the color, texture properties, and cooking properties of potato starch noodles. Meanwhile, PA and TA could endow potato starch noodles with remarkable antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the in vitro digestion of potato starch noodles was obviously inhibited by phenolic compounds, especially for TA. All present results suggested that structural characteristics of phenolic compounds affected their interaction affinity and combination degree with potato starch molecules, so as to modify the properties of starch and affect the quality, function, and digestion of starchy foods, which showed the valuable applications in food and chemical industries.Practical ApplicationThe property, function, and digestion characteristics of potato starch show the significant effects on the quality of potato starch products in food industry. In present study, the thermal properties, rheological properties, and enzymatic hydrolysis of potato starch were modified by different phenolic compounds (including protocatechuic acid, naringin, and tannic acid) in varying degrees, whereas the quality, antioxidant activity, and digestion characteristic of potato starch noodles were modified by phenolic compounds with different structures. All results showed the potential application and interaction regularities of phenolic compounds as natural additives for potato starch processing in food industry.
A quantitative analysis of the perceived barriers to implementation of multisource feedback in surgical training
Authors: Pan Tzong‐Yang (Oliver) , Piscioneri Frank , Owen Cathy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe adoption and integration of work‐based assessments by surgical units and training programs continues to increase, it is important to identify challenges in their implementation. The authors evaluated the barriers involved in the deployment of a supervisor assessment tool in Australia.MethodsA questionnaire was created based on existing literature from international, and non‐surgical contexts. The questionnaire covered areas known to impact multisource feedback assessments. The questionnaire was delivered in September 2019 to 34 trainees and 25 supervisors. Participants then rated each item within the questionnaire on a Likert scale.ResultsDuring the survey period, 23 of 25 (92%) supervisors and 31 of 34 (91.1%) trainees completed the questionnaire. The results show that an assessment form is well received and there is a difference between trainees and supervisors on perspectives surrounding impact on trainee‐supervisor relationships, how a trainee manages negative feedback, consequences of poor scores, the importance of anonymity, and acceptability of input from allied health and nursing staff.ConclusionThe results provide reassurance that the perception of supervisors who felt that negative ratings may affect trainee‐supervisor relationships is unfounded. A digital distribution format of self‐assessment and supervisor assessment forms is well received by participants. This method of assessment should provide trainees an additional source of feedback, and opportunities for self‐reflection during their training.
One for all or all for one: Does the category captain play favourites
Authors: Kim Myongjin , Shen Leilei , Basuroy Suman , Beldona Sri 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the consumer packaged goods industry, category captain is the company (e.g., Pepsi) that retailers (e.g., Kroger) designate as the leader of an entire product category (e.g., carbonated beverages) and collaborate with to manage the product category through the process of category management. Much uncertainty exists about the consequences of category management. We use a unique data set on the ready‐to‐eat cereals category in which the retailer designated a category captain. In this paper, we find that category captain does not have more to gain in terms of market shares than other products within the ready‐to‐eat cereals category, alleviating antitrust concerns related to category management. In addition, we find that category captain increases the market share of products that are more price competitive, not necessarily that of its own products, which points to a category captain focusing on growing the category's market as it is incentivized to do so.