bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Room‐Temperature Polarized Light‐Emitting Diode‐Based on a 2D Monolayer Semiconductor
Authors: Shi Xiuqi , Li Wenfei , Lan Xinhui , Guo Qianqian , Zhu Guangpeng , Du Wei , Wang Tao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenide (TMD)‐based 2D monolayer semiconductors, with the direct bandgap and the large exciton binding energy, are widely studied to develop miniaturized optoelectronic devices, e.g., nanoscale light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). However, in terms of polarization control, it is still quite challenging to realize polarized electroluminescence (EL) from TMD monolayers, especially at room temperature. Here, by using Ag nanowire top electrode, polarized LEDs are demonstrated based on 2D monolayer semiconductors (WSe2, MoSe2, and WS2) at room temperature with a degree of polarization (DoP) ranging from 50% to 63%. The highly anisotropic EL emission comes from the 2D/Ag interface via the electron/hole injection and recombination process, where the EL emission is also enhanced by the polarization‐dependent plasmonic resonance of the Ag nanowire. These findings introduce new insights into the design of polarized 2D LED devices at room temperature and may promote the development of miniaturized 2D optoelectronic devices.
Failure Mechanism, Electrolyte Design, and Electrolyte/Electrode Interface Regulation for Low‐Temperature Zinc‐Based Batteries
Authors: Zhang Weiqi , Dong Qiujiang , Wang Jiajun , Han Xiaopeng , Hu Wenbin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith more renewable energy developed to satisfy the human need in the energy crisis, electricity storage is critical in power utilization and storage. Due to its high safety, high nature reserve, and high energy density, the zinc‐based battery is drawing increasing attention. Together with the expansion of human activities, the low‐temperature battery is developed to satisfy the power demand in extreme environments, and as a critical component, electrolytes shall have a low freezing point and satisfying electrochemical properties in cold conditions. In this review, the development of low‐temperature electrolytes for zinc‐based batteries will be comprehensively introduced. First, the failure mechanism of zinc‐based battery at low temperature will be illustrated. Second, five main types of low‐temperature electrolytes will be introduced in detail. Finally, the regulation of electrolyte/electrode surface at low temperature will be discussed. This review aims to provide a guideline for low‐temperature electrolyte design from the perspective of molecular behavior regulation.
On the relative value of imbalanced learning for code smell detection
Authors: Li Fuyang , Zou Kuan , Keung Jacky Wai , Yu Xiao , Feng Shuo , Xiao Yan 
Published: June 2023

SummaryMachine learning‐based code smell detection (CSD) has been demonstrated to be a valuable approach for improving software quality and enabling developers to identify problematic patterns in code. However, previous researches have shown that the code smell datasets commonly used to train these models are heavily imbalanced. While some recent studies have explored the use of imbalanced learning techniques for CSD, they have only evaluated a limited number of techniques and thus their conclusions about the most effective methods may be biased and inconclusive. To thoroughly evaluate the effect of imbalanced learning techniques for machine learning‐based CSD, we examine 31 imbalanced learning techniques with seven classifiers to build CSD models on four code smell data sets. We employ four evaluation metrics to assess the detection performance with the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test and Cliff's . The results show that (1) Not all imbalanced learning techniques significantly improve detection performance, but deep forest significantly outperforms the other techniques on all code smell data sets. (2) SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Over‐sampling TEchnique) is not the most effective technique for resampling code smell data sets. (3) The best‐performing imbalanced learning techniques and the top‐3 data resampling techniques have little time cost for code smell detection. Therefore, we provide some practical guidelines. First, researchers and practitioners should select the appropriate imbalanced learning techniques (e.g., deep forest) to ameliorate the class imbalance problem. In contrast, the blind application of imbalanced learning techniques could be harmful. Then, better data resampling techniques than SMOTE should be selected to preprocess the code smell data sets.
Performance of co‐culture strategy on nutrient removal and biogas upgrading by strigolactone induction
Authors: Shu Lixing , Wang Zhengfang , Li Yaguang , Zheng Zheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the performance and elucidated the synergistic effects of microalgae–fungi symbionts co‐cultured with 10−7 and 10−9 mol L−1 of GR24 and supplemented with endophytic bacteria, multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) or vitamin B12 (VB12), on nutrient removal and biogas upgrading. The results showed that the microalgae–fungi–bacteria symbiotic system co‐cultured with 10−9 mol L−1 GR24 presented the optimal growth performance of 0.368 ± 0.04 d−1, chlorophyll a of 249.36 ± 22.31 μg L−1, and extracellular carbonic anhydrase activity of 42.55 ± 3.755 enzyme units. In this co‐culture system, the organic matter, nutrients, and CO2 purification obtained the highest removal efficiency, with 81.35 ± 7.96% for chemical oxygen demand, 83.56 ± 7.91% total nitrogen, 84.17 ± 7.95% total phosphorus, and 63.72 ± 6.06% CO2. The symbiont system also greatly increased the methane content in the biogas by 30.67%. The remarkable performance of the microalgae–fungi–bacteria symbiotic system shows its ability to be broadly applied in simultaneous biogas upgrading and wastewater treatment.Practitioner Points
The optimal GR24 concentration for microalgae–fungi consortia was 10−9 M.
Endophytic bacteria were superior to MWCNTs and VB12.
Fungi–algae–bacteria consortia presented excellent growth and removal performance.
Removal efficiencies of COD, TN, and TP were about 81% under optimum treatment.
Trirefringence and the M5-brane
Authors: Bandos Igor , Lechner Kurt , Sorokin Dmitri , Townsend Paul K. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Hamiltonian formulation for nonlinear chiral 2-form electrodynamics in six-dimensional Minkowski spacetime is used to show that small-amplitude plane-wave perturbations of a generic uniform constant ‘magnetic’ background exhibit trirefringence: all three independent wave-polarisations have distinct dispersion relations. While two coincide for Lorentz invariant theories, all three coincide uniquely for the chiral 2-form theory on the worldvolume of the M5-brane of M-theory. We argue that this is because, in this M-theory context, the waves propagate in a planar M5-M2-M2 bound-state preserving 16 supersymmetries. We also show how our results imply analogous results for nonlinear electrodynamics in a Minkowski spacetime of five and four dimensions.
On the Design of Global-in-Time Newton-Multigrid-Pressure Schur Complement Solvers for Incompressible Flow Problems
Authors: Lohmann Christoph , Turek Stefan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this work, a new global-in-time solution strategy for incompressible flow problems is presented, which highly exploits the pressure Schur complement (PSC) approach for the construction of a space–time multigrid algorithm. For linear problems like the incompressible Stokes equations discretized in space using an inf-sup-stable finite element pair, the fundamental idea is to block the linear systems of equations associated with individual time steps into a single all-at-once saddle point problem for all velocity and pressure unknowns. Then the pressure Schur complement can be used to eliminate the velocity fields and set up an implicitly defined linear system for all pressure variables only. This algebraic manipulation allows the construction of parallel-in-time preconditioners for the corresponding all-at-once Picard iteration by extending frequently used sequential PSC preconditioners in a straightforward manner. For the construction of efficient solution strategies, the so defined preconditioners are employed in a GMRES method and then embedded as a smoother into a space–time multigrid algorithm, where the computational complexity of the coarse grid problem highly depends on the coarsening strategy in space and/or time. While commonly used finite element intergrid transfer operators are used in space, tailor-made prolongation and restriction matrices in time are required due to a special treatment of the pressure variable in the underlying time discretization. The so defined all-at-once multigrid solver is extended to the solution of the nonlinear Navier–Stokes equations by using Newton’s method for linearization of the global-in-time problem. In summary, the presented multigrid solution strategy only requires the efficient solution of time-dependent linear convection–diffusion–reaction equations and several independent Poisson-like problems. In order to demonstrate the potential of the proposed solution strategy for viscous fluid simulations with large time intervals, the convergence behavior is examined for various linear and nonlinear test cases.
Dangerous passage: the utility and accuracy of modern chest computed tomography in penetrating thoracic injuries with potential transmediastinal trajectory
Authors: Sozzi Marco , Inaba Kenji , Schellenberg Morgan A. , Matsushima Kazuhide , Martin Matthew J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Aim
The aim of this study is to evaluate utility and reliability of chest CT as a standalone screening modality for stable patients with thoracic GSWs and potential transmediastinal trajectories.

Methods
All patients with thoracic GSWs over a 5-year period were identified. Unstable patients requiring immediate surgery were excluded and the remaining underwent chest CT with intravenous contrast. Sensitivity and specificity for clinically significant injuries were tested against an aggregate gold standard of discharge diagnosis including imaging, operative and clinical findings.

Results
A total of 216 patients met inclusion criteria and underwent chest CT. After imaging, 65 (30.1%) had indication for immediate surgery, of which 10 (4.6%) underwent a thoracic procedure for chest injuries while 151 (69.9%) were selected for nonoperative management (NOM). 11 (5.1%) required a delayed thoracic operation, none due to injuries missed on CT. The remaining 140 (64.8%) underwent successful NOM. Up to 195 (90.3%) patients had successful NOM of thoracic injuries. Only 9.2% required additional imaging, all negative. CT identified a cardiac injury in one case and a vascular injury in two cases, all confirmed by surgery, while one thoracic IVC injury missed on CT was found intraoperatively. 2 patients had CT suspicious for esophageal injury, ruled out by following investigations. There was one death in the total cohort, none in the NOM group.

Conclusions
Modern high-quality CT provides highly accurate and reliable screening modality for penetrating chest and mediastinal injuries and can be used as a standalone study in most patients or to guide further tests. Chest CT facilitated successful NOM.
Change of boundary: towards a mathematical foundation of global gravity models
Authors: Sansò Fernando , Bucha Blažej 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChange of boundary is a method that iteratively downward continues data from a star-shaped boundary to a regular surface, such as the sphere or the ellipsoid of revolution, and then solves a boundary value problem using the downward continued data on the changed boundary. Although the method belongs to concepts involved in the development of recent high-degree Earth’s gravity models, it is still unclear whether the iterations converge to the true solution for boundaries as complex as, for instance, the Earth’s surface. In this paper, we revisit the method and show that convergence in terms of the Cesaro limit can be achieved under the assumption that the operator performing the iterations is non-expansive. The validity of the assumption is, however, still not proved. Therefore, we examine the hypothesis numerically using boundaries of various complexity. We start with a simple synthetic topography defined by a Legendre polynomial and move to more realistic finite-degree shapes of the asteroids Bennu and Eros. The numerical experiments indicate that the assumption is valid as long as the boundary deviates not too far from a sphere and the truncation degree of the gravity model is not too high (the experiments with the synthetic topography and Bennu). Otherwise, the hypothesis seems to be false (the Eros case). Finding an analytical condition to separate between shapes for which the change of boundary method converges/diverges remains an open issue.
Next-generation PET/CT imaging in meningioma—first clinical experiences using the novel SSTR-targeting peptide [18F]SiTATE
Authors: Unterrainer Marcus , Kunte Sophie C. , Unterrainer Lena M. , Holzgreve Adrien , Delker Astrid , Lindner Simon , Beyer Leonie , Brendel Matthias , Kunz Wolfgang G. , Winkelmann Michael , Cyran Clemens C. , Ricke Jens , Jurkschat Klaus , Wängler Carmen , Wängler Björn , Schirrmacher Ralf , Belka Claus , Niyazi Maximilian , Tonn Joerg-Christian , Bartenstein Peter , Albert Nathalie L. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Somatostatin-receptor (SSTR)-targeted PET/CT provides important clinical information in addition to standard imaging in meningioma patients. [18F]SiTATE is a novel, 18F-labeled SSTR-targeting peptide with superior imaging properties according to preliminary data. We provide the first [18F]SiTATE PET/CT data of a large cohort of meningioma patients.

Methods
Patients with known or suspected meningioma undergoing [18F]SiTATE PET/CT were included. Uptake intensity (SUV) of meningiomas, non-meningioma lesions, and healthy organs were assessed using a 50% isocontour volume of interest (VOI) or a spherical VOI, respectively. Also, trans-osseous extension on PET/CT was assessed.

Results
A total of 107 patients with 117 [18F]SiTATE PET/CT scans were included. Overall, 231 meningioma lesions and 61 non-meningioma lesions (e.g., post-therapeutic changes) were analyzed. Physiological uptake was lowest in healthy brain tissue, followed by bone marrow, parotid, and pituitary (SUVmean 0.06 ± 0.04 vs. 1.4 ± 0.9 vs. 1.6 ± 1.0 vs. 9.8 ± 4.6; p < 0.001). Meningiomas showed significantly higher uptake than non-meningioma lesions (SUVmax 11.6 ± 10.6 vs. 4.0 ± 3.3, p < 0.001). Meningiomas showed significantly higher uptake than non-meningioma lesions (SUVmax 11.6±10.6 vs. 4.0±3.3, p<0.001). 93/231 (40.3%) meningiomas showed partial trans-osseous extension and 34/231 (14.7%) predominant intra-osseous extension. 59/231 (25.6%) meningioma lesions found on PET/CT had not been reported on previous standard imaging.

Conclusion
This is the first PET/CT study using an 18F-labeled SSTR-ligand in meningioma patients: [18F]SiTATE provides extraordinary contrast in meningioma compared to healthy tissue and non-meningioma lesions, which leads to a high detection rate of so far unknown meningioma sites and osseous involvement. Having in mind the advantageous logistic features of 18F-labeled compared to 68Ga-labeled compounds (e.g., longer half-life and large-badge production), [18F]SiTATE has the potential to foster a widespread use of SSTR-targeted imaging in neuro-oncology.
Treatment with idelalisib in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia – real world data from the registry of the German CLL Study Group
Authors: von Tresckow Julia , Heyl Nikola , Robrecht Sandra , Giza Adam , Aldaoud Ali , Schlag Rudolf , Klausmann Martine , Linde Hartmut , Stein Wolfgang , Schwarzer Andreas , Fischer Kirsten , Cramer Paula , Eichhorst Barbara , Hallek Michael , Fink Anna Maria 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Idelalisib in combination with rituximab is an efficacious treatment for patients suffering from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with known limitations due to toxicities. However, the benefit after prior Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) therapy remains unclear. For this analysis, 81 patients included in a non-interventional registry study of the German CLL study group (registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as # NCT02863692) meeting the predefined criteria of a confirmed diagnosis of CLL and being treated with idelalisib containing regimens outside clinical trials were considered. 11 patients were treatment naïve (13.6%) and 70 patients (86.4%) pretreated. Patients had median of one prior therapy line (range 0–11). Median treatment duration with idelalisib was 5.1 months (range 0–55.0 months). Of 58 patients with documented treatment outcome, 39 responded to idelalisib containing therapy (67.2%). Patients treated with the BTKi ibrutinib as last prior treatment prior to idelalisib responded in 71.4% compared to a response rate of 61.9% in patients without prior ibrutinib. Median event free survival (EFS) was 15.9 months with a 16 versus 14 months EFS in patients with ibrutinib as last prior treatment or not, respectively. Median overall survival was 46.6 months. In conclusion, treatment with idelalisib appears to have a valuable impact in patients being refractory to prior ibrutinib therapy even though there are limitations in our analysis due to the low number of patients included.
Impact of AI system on recognition for anatomical landmarks related to reducing bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Endo Yuichi , Tokuyasu Tatsushi , Mori Yasuhisa , Asai Koji , Umezawa Akiko , Kawamura Masahiro , Fujinaga Atsuro , Ejima Aika , Kimura Misako , Inomata Masafumi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
According to the National Clinical Database of Japan, the incidence of bile duct injury (BDI) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy has hovered around 0.4% for the last 10 years and has not declined. On the other hand, it has been found that about 60% of BDI occurrences are due to misidentifying anatomical landmarks. However, the authors developed an artificial intelligence (AI) system that gave intraoperative data to recognize the extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD), cystic duct (CD), inferior border of liver S4 (S4), and Rouviere sulcus (RS). The purpose of this research was to evaluate how the AI system affects landmark identification.

Methods
We prepared a 20-s intraoperative video before the serosal incision of Calot’s triangle dissection and created a short video with landmarks overwritten by AI. The landmarks were defined as landmark (LM)-EHBD, LM-CD, LM-RS, and LM-S4. Four beginners and four experts were recruited as subjects. After viewing a 20-s intraoperative video, subjects annotated the LM-EHBD and LM-CD. Then, a short video is shown with the AI overwriting landmark instructions; if there is a change in each perspective, the annotation is changed. The subjects answered a three-point scale questionnaire to clarify whether the AI teaching data advanced their confidence in verifying the LM-RS and LM-S4. Four external evaluation committee members investigated the clinical importance.

Results
In 43 of 160 (26.9%) images, the subjects transformed their annotations. Annotation changes were primarily observed in the gallbladder line of the LM-EHBD and LM-CD, and 70% of these shifts were considered safer changes. The AI-based teaching data encouraged both beginners and experts to affirm the LM-RS and LM-S4.

Conclusion
The AI system provided significant awareness to beginners and experts and prompted them to identify anatomical landmarks linked to reducing BDI.
A novel Physarum-inspired competition algorithm for discrete multi-objective optimisation problems
Authors: Awad Abubakr , Coghill George M. , Pang Wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany real-world problems can be naturally formulated as discrete multi-objective optimisation (DMOO) problems. We have proposed a novel Physarum-inspired competition algorithm (PCA) to tackle these DMOO problems. Our algorithm is based on hexagonal cellular automata (CA) as a representation of problem search space and reaction–diffusion systems that control the Physarum motility. Physarum’s decision-making power and the discrete properties of CA have made our algorithm a perfectly suitable approach to solve DMOO problems. Each cell in the CA grid will be decoded as a solution (objective function) and will be regarded as a food resource to attract Physarum. The n-dimensional generalisation of the hexagonal CA grid has allowed us to extend the solving capabilities of our PCA from only 2-D to n-D optimisation problems. We have implemented a novel restart procedure to select the global Pareto frontier based on both personal experience and shared information. Extensive experimental and statistical analyses were conducted on several benchmark functions to assess the performance of our PCA against other evolutionary algorithms. As far as we know, this study is the first attempt to assess algorithms that solve DMOO problems, with a large number of benchmark functions and performance indicators. Our PCA has confirmed our assumption that individual skills of competing Physarum are more efficient in exploration and increase the diversity of the solutions. It has achieved the best performance for the Spread indicator (diversity), similar performance results compared to the strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA2) and even outperformed other well-established genetic algorithms.
Psychological and reproductive decision-making experiences of young women after breast cancer diagnosis: a qualitative study
Authors: Qiu Jiajia , Tang Lichen , Li Ping , Liu Guangyu , Rong Xinyi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer has the highest incidence rate among malignant tumors in China, with a trend of affecting younger women. The treatment has short- and long-term adverse effects such as damage to the ovaries, which may result in infertility. Such consequences then increase patients’ concerns over future reproduction. At present, nor do medical staffs continuously assess their overall well-being, or ensure that they have the knowledge necessary to manage their reproductive concerns. This qualitative study aimed to explore psychological and reproductive decision-making experiences of young women who had experienced childbirth after their diagnosis.

Methods
The phenomenological research, as a kind of qualitative study, was conducted on 12 young women who experienced childbirth after breast cancer diagnosis. Data collection was from September 2021 to January 2022 and content analysis method was used to analyze the data.

Results
Five main themes were identified: (1) desire for childbearing from individual, familial, and social aspects after the diagnosis of breast cancer; (2) emotional experiences through pregnancy till raising children; (3) support needs from professionals, family, and peer; (4) self and doctors’ influencing factors on reproductive decision-making; and (5) satisfaction with the outcome of reproductive decision-making.

Conclusions
The desire for childbearing of young women should be considered during the reproductive decision-making process. A multidisciplinary team is suggested to be set up to provide professional support. During the reproductive process, professional and peer support should be strengthened to improve decision-making abilities, alleviate negative emotional experience, and smoothen the process of reproductive experience for young patients.