bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting in-hospital mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement using administrative data and machine learning
Authors: Alhwiti Theyab , Aldrugh Summer , Megahed Fadel M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is the gold standard treatment for patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis. The utility of existing risk prediction tools for in-hospital mortality post-TAVR is limited due to two major factors: (a) the predictive accuracy of these tools is insufficient when only preoperative variables are incorporated, and (b) their efficacy is also compromised when solely postoperative variables are employed, subsequently constraining their application in preoperative decision support. This study examined whether statistical/machine learning models trained with solely preoperative information encoded in the administrative National Inpatient Sample database could accurately predict in-hospital outcomes (death/survival) post-TAVR. Fifteen popular binary classification methods were used to model in-hospital survival/death. These methods were evaluated using multiple classification metrics, including the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). By analyzing 54,739 TAVRs, the top five classification models had an AUC ≥ 0.80 for two sampling scenarios: random, consistent with previous studies, and time-based, which assessed whether the models could be deployed without frequent retraining. Given the minimal practical differences in the predictive accuracies of the top five models, the L2 regularized logistic regression model is recommended as the best overall model since it is computationally efficient and easy to interpret.
Semantic Aspects of Verb Production in Various Discourse Tasks in People With Nonfluent Aphasia
Authors: Park Hyejin , Obermeyer Jessica , Kornisch Myriam , Hall Jessica , Ontario Chase 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to investigate how people with nonfluent aphasia produce semantically weighted verbs compared to people without aphasia, as well as how a discourse elicitation task affects verb production in people with nonfluent aphasia and people without aphasia.

Method:

This study included 30 people with nonfluent aphasia and 32 age-matched people without aphasia from AphasiaBank. Language samples of five different discourse tasks were obtained and coded for heavy, light, and
be
-copular verbs. The number of verbs per utterance and the proportion of heavy, light, and
be
-copular verbs were compared between groups and between tasks.

Results:

People with nonfluent aphasia showed a similar proportion of heavy verbs but reduced verbs per utterance and proportion of light verbs compared to people without aphasia. With regard to discourse task effects, we found a trend for a higher proportion of heavy verbs in sequential picture descriptions, and a higher proportion of
be
-copular verbs and lower proportion of heavy verbs for a recount compared to other tasks in people without aphasia. The discourse task effects were minimally found in people with nonfluent aphasia.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that people with nonfluent aphasia present with relatively preserved heavy verb production but with impaired production of light verbs in discourse. In addition, it appears that discourse tasks do not significantly influence the type of verbs produced by people with nonfluent aphasia possibly due to the floor effects and wide range of individual variability. This study is a preliminary effort to evaluate methodological factors that impact verb production; future studies are needed to develop a framework for clinical decision making when selecting a discourse elicitation task for people with aphasia.
Investigation of the effect of viscosity and fluid flow on buckling behaviour of non‐local nanoplate with surface energy
Authors: Arpanahi Reza Ahmadi , Abdehvand Ashkan Zaheri , Sheykhi Meysam , Eskandari Ali , Mohammadi Bijan , Hashemi Shahrokh Hoseini 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe buckling of a nanoplate at the bottom of a channel over which the fluid passes with a one‐dimensional flow is investigated in this article. Navier–Stokes equations were used to obtain the applied force from the fluid to the nanoplate. Non‐local elasticity theories and surface effects were used to consider nanoscale effects. By solving this problem using Galerkin's weighted residual method, interesting results were obtained. Applying non‐locality increases the fluid's impact on the buckling of a nanoplate. The lower modes are more noticeably affected by being placed in a fluid environment. Also, the presence of fluid and surface effects both increase the buckling capacity of the system. The obtained results are very helpful for developing and improving the performance of fluid‐coupled nanostructures that have buckling potential.
Werden Netzhautablösungen häufiger? Daten von 2 Universitätsaugenkliniken und Literaturübersicht
Authors: Radeck Viola Maria Margarete , Helbig Horst , Barth Teresa , Gamulescu Andreea , Maerker David , Wolf Armin 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungAusgehend vom subjektiven Eindruck vieler vitreoretinaler Chirurgen und der Beobachtung stark steigender Zahlen von Patienten mit Netzhautablösungen an einzelnen Zentren in den letzten
Jahren, wurde die jüngere Literatur zu Veränderungen der Inzidenz der Netzhautablösungen weltweit gesichtet. Dabei zeigten sich ganz erhebliche methodische Unterschiede der Studien, die
einen Vergleich und klare Schlussfolgerungen zur Entwicklung der Häufigkeit von Netzhautablösungen erschweren. Trotz dieser Einschränkungen sprechen alle Daten aus aktuellen Untersuchungen
für eine Zunahme der Zahl der Netzhautablösungen. Die Ablatio-Inzidenz in der westlichen Welt scheint derzeit bei über 20 Fällen pro 100 000 Personenjahren zu liegen, somit deutlich höher
als in früheren Jahrzehnten beschrieben. Ursächlich kann vermutet werden, dass ein Anstieg der Prävalenz der Myopie, eine demografische Zunahme der Patienten im typischen Ablatio-Alter und
eine steigende Zahl an Kataraktoperationen, insbesondere bei jüngeren Patienten, für die steigende Inzidenz der Ablatio verantwortlich sind.
Spectrum, Clinicopathologic Profile, and p16 Expression Pattern of Nonmalignant Cervical Tissues in Enugu, South-East Nigeria
Authors: Eni Anthony Onyeka , Ndukwe Chinedu O. , Olusina Daniel Bankole , Nnakenyi Nnaemeka Francis , Nzegwu Martin Arinze , Eluke Chidubem Chidiebere , Ukekwe Francis Ikechukwu , Chiemeka Michael Emeka , Aniume Itohan Onyekachi , Nwokoro Onyekachi Chikezie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background p16 is a marker for p16-induced transformation of high-risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV)-infected cervical epithelium. HPV is a known etiologic agent of cervical cancer. Persistent hrHPV infection of cervical epithelium causes transformation of the infected epithelial cells resulting in increased proliferative potential of the cells and subsequent progression to frank malignancy. Early detection of transformation in cervical cells is crucial in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with cervical cancer.
Materials and Methods We aimed to study the clinicopathologic profile of nonmalignant cervical lesions and their p16 staining pattern. Histopathology requisition forms, blocks, and slides of cases containing cervical tissue with nonmalignant diagnosis received into the morbid anatomy department of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, from 2009 to 2018 were studied. Fresh sections from the blocks were immunohistochemically stained with p16 and examined.
Results One-hundred and ninety-one cases were studied. Majority of the cases are normal cervical epithelium. Chronic nonspecific cervicitis was the major non-neoplastic lesion present and accounted for 33.3% of the biopsy and the mean age was 50.5 years. Other lesions were nabothian cyst (8.4%), cervical polyp (10.5%), low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL and HSIL; 6.3 and 2.6%, respectively). The mean age for LSIL was 40.3 years, while that of HSIL was 45.2years. Four LSIL, two HSIL, one polyp, one chronic nonspecific cervicitis, and one lobular endocervical hyperplasia stained positively with p16.
Conclusion The most common benign lesion of the cervix is cervicitis. Chronic cervicitis is negative to p16 immunoreactivity. There are more low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) than high-grade CIN. The low-grade CIN overexpress p16 in one-third of cases. There are more cases of p16-negative high-grade CIN in this study.
Measurement and calculation of CO (7–0) overtone line intensities
Authors: Balashov Aleksandr A. , Bielska Katarzyna , Li Gang , Kyuberis Aleksandra A. , Wójtewicz Szymon , Domysławska Jolanta , Ciuryło Roman , Zobov Nikolay F. , Lisak Daniel , Tennyson Jonathan , Polyansky Oleg L. 
Published: June 2023

Intensities of 14 lines in the sixth overtone (7–0) band of carbon monoxide (12C16O) are measured in the visible range between 14 300 and 14 500 cm−1 using a frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectrometer. This is the first observation of such a high and weak overtone spectrum of the CO molecule. A theoretical model is constructed and tested based on the use of a high accuracy ab initio dipole moment curve and a semi-empirical potential energy curve. Accurate studies of high overtone transitions provide a challenge to both experiment and theory as the lines are very weak: below 2 × 10−29 cm molecule−1 at 296 K. Agreement between theory and experiment within the experimental uncertainty of a few percent is obtained. However, this agreement is only achieved after issues with the stability of the Davidson correction to the multi-reference configuration interaction calculations are addressed.
Emission of spacetime waves from the partial collapse of a compact object
Authors: Avila-Vargas Emmanuel , Moreno Claudia , Hernández-Jiménez Rafael 
Published: June 2023

In this work, we describe the partial collapse of a compact object and the emission of spacetime waves as a result of back-reaction effects. As a source mass term, we propose a non-smooth continuous function that describes a mass-loss, and we then obtain the solution of such setting. We present three distinct examples of the evolution of the norm |Rnl(t, r*)| in terms of t, and four different results are shown for the parameter l = 1, 2, 5, 10; here, r* is the fixed radius of an observer outside the compact object. In all cases, the decay behavior is actually present at t ≫ 1 and becomes more evident for larger l. In addition, for the results that have smaller l’s, their amplitudes are larger when the asymptotic character of |Rnl(t, r*)| clearly appears. Finally, the farther away an observer is set, the fewer oscillations are perceived; however, from our particular fixed set of parameters, the best spot to observe the wiggles of the emitted spacetime waves is close to r* ≃ α.
A quantitative assessment of deformation energy in intermolecular interactions: How important is it?
Authors: Sargent Caroline T. , Kasera Raina , Glick Zachary L. , Sherrill C. David , Cheney Daniel L. 
Published: June 2023

Dimer interaction energies have been well studied in computational chemistry, but they can offer an incomplete understanding of molecular binding depending on the system. In the current study, we present a dataset of focal-point coupled-cluster interaction and deformation energies (summing to binding energies, De) of 28 organic molecular dimers. We use these highly accurate energies to evaluate ten density functional approximations for their accuracy. The best performing method (with a double-ζ basis set), B97M-D3BJ, is then used to calculate the binding energies of 104 organic dimers, and we analyze the influence of the nature and strength of interaction on deformation energies. Deformation energies can be as large as 50% of the dimer interaction energy, especially when hydrogen bonding is present. In most cases, two or more hydrogen bonds present in a dimer correspond to an interaction energy of −10 to −25 kcal mol−1, allowing a deformation energy above 1 kcal mol−1 (and up to 9.5 kcal mol−1). A lack of hydrogen bonding usually restricts the deformation energy to below 1 kcal mol−1 due to the weaker interaction energy.
A novel bearing diagnosis method under random impact disturbance based on the nonlinear convolutional sparse filtering
Authors: Yao Shunxiang , Zhang Zongzhen , Han Baokun , Bao Huaiqian , Wang Jinrui , Zheng Jiansong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The fault diagnostic approach based on sparse optimization has been receiving considerable attention. Which shows superior robustness and noise adaptability. However, in the real working environment, the collected bearing signals are often accompanied by random impact interference owing to alterations in working circumstances and load mutations. In this paper, the nonlinear sparse metric is used to reduce the interference of random shock excitation (FNCSF). The nonlinear activation has different activation coefficients for different amplitudes, which can change the sparsity distribution of the raw data. Firstly, the influence of different nonlinear activation functions on the diagnostic performance is studied. Then, in order to solve the scale inconsistency caused by nonlinear activation, the nonlinear function is created to the generalized form to further improve the noise adaptability of feature extraction. The second-order Gaussian fitting is used to improve the performance of the learning filter. Simulation and experimental results verify the performance of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the suggested technique can significantly reduce the interference of random impact components.
Measuring defects in high-speed production lines—a three-phase convolutional neural network model
Authors: Wang Kung-Jeng , Lee Ya-Xuan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Conventional automatic optical inspection (AOI) systems using rule-based image processing suffer from precision and velocity issues, particularly when simultaneously measuring multiple defects of a product in a high-speed production line. Such AOI stations usually become a bottleneck in the line. This paper presents a three-phase model for defect detection based on convolutional neural network to release the cycle time of the line. The phase I model using a deep residual network (ResNet50) performs defect classification of products with high accuracy. The phase II model is another independent ResNet50 that classifies defect products into defect categories, rescuing good products that have been mistakenly killed in the previous stage and replacing the conventional re-inspection labors. The phase III model is a you only look once—based network that detects multiple defects and their positions simultaneously in a single product, providing informative quality data for continuous improvement. The proposed model successfully resolves the issue of multiple-defect and multiple-len quality inspection in a high-speed production line. The proposed model resolved defect inspection by integrating object detection and defect classification simultaneously. By deploying the three-phase model in a tiny electronic connector component production line, the present model has demonstrated that it reaches high precision and facilitates prompt quality correction for high-speed production lines.
Modeling ultra-high dose rate electron and proton FLASH effect with the physicochemical approach
Authors: Tan Hai Siong , Teo Kevin Boon Keng , Dong Lei , Friberg Andrew , Koumenis Constantinos , Diffenderfer Eric , Zou Jennifer Wei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective. A physicochemical model built on the radiochemical kinetic theory was recently proposed in (Labarbe et al
2020) to explain the FLASH effect. We performed extensive simulations to scrutinize its applicability for oxygen depletion studies and FLASH-related experiments involving both proton and electron beams. Approach. Using the dose and beam delivery parameters for each FLASH experiment, we numerically solved the radiochemical rate equations comprised of a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations to obtain the area under the curve (AUC) of radical concentrations. Main results. The modeled differences in AUC induced by ultra-high dose rates appeared to correlate well with the FLASH effect. (i) For the whole brain irradiation of mice performed in (Montay-Gruel et al
2017), the threshold dose rate values for memory preservation coincided with those at which AUC started to decrease much less rapidly. (ii) For the proton pencil beam scanning FLASH of (Cunningham et al
2021), we found linear correlations between radicals’ AUC and the biological endpoints: TGF-β1, leg contracture and plasma level of cytokine IL-6. (iii) Compatible with the findings of the proton FLASH experiment in (Kim et al
2021), we found that radicals’ AUC at the entrance and mid-Spread-Out Bragg peak regions were highly similar. In addition, our model also predicted ratios of oxygen depletion G-values between normal and UHDR irradiation similar to those observed in (Cao et al
2021) and (El Khatib et al
2022). Significance. Collectively, our results suggest that the normal tissue sparing conferred by UHDR irradiation may be due to the lower degree of exposure to peroxyl and superoxide radicals. We also found that the differential effect of dose rate on the radicals’ AUC was less pronounced at lower initial oxygen levels, a trait that appears to align with the FLASH differential effect on normal versus tumor tissues.
A novel three-phase excitation piezoelectric motor for macro-micro actuation: integration design, systematic modeling, and experimental evaluation
Authors: Qiu Jianmin , Yang Ying , Jin Jiamei , Wang Liang , Wang Yiping , Zhang Jiyang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Macro-micro actuators require complex feedback control systems to obtain high positioning cooperativeness. However, the mechanical connections of macro-micro actuators are generally redundant in terms of their size, which is highly unfavorable for both miniaturization and integration. This paper presents an approach to address this problem based on a novel integration design for a three-phase excitation piezoelectric motor (TPM) that is capable of performing macro-micro actuation by switching its operating mode from resonant to nonresonant. The load capacity of the proposed TPM can reach 0.39 Nm with a maximum speed of 3.82 rad s−1 (36.5 rpm). This performance is achieved by using a unique triangular flexible stator that contains three piezoelectric stack actuators acting as vibrators and is excited by a three-phase electrical signal. A time-domain electromechanical coupling dynamic model is developed to determine the dynamic behavior of the proposed motor, and the modeling results are validated successfully by experimental results obtained from a fabricated prototype. The proposed motor is expected to be helpful for integration design of piezoelectric devices that require macro-micro actuation.
Effect of training on the cyclic behaviour of SMA wire
Authors: Davarnia Danial , Cheng Shaohong , Engelen Niel Van 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are a new generation of smart metallic materials with numerous unique and widely applicable characteristics. With their superelasticity and ability to dissipate energy under cyclic loading, SMAs are an excellent choice for passive vibration energy dissipation systems. However, due to functional fatigue, the energy dissipation and re-centring capacity of virgin SMA dwindles at a decreasing rate during cyclic loading and eventually reaches a stable level. Since for vibration control applications stable mechanical properties with predictable responses to vibrational forces are preferred, preloading SMA wires for mechanical training is proposed to overcome this drawback. Nevertheless, the effect of training conditions on the mechanical behaviour of SMA wires has only been investigated in a few studies. To fill this research gap, the influence of different training parameters, such as strain amplitude, frequency, number of cycles and prestrain, on the mechanical behaviour of SMA wires is examined. The results show that while a sufficient number of cycles and certain level of strain amplitude are required to reach a stable stress–strain relation, training frequency is the most important parameter for eliminating residual strain.
Bending characteristics of stacked REBCO cable under different stacking modes
Authors: Yuan Songzhen , Ma Tao , Dai Shaotao , Song Meng , Li Li 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
High-temperature superconducting tapes provide new materials for various high-current applications. The stacked tape cable (STC) is one of the promissing structure, which is based on the idea to stack single REBCO tapes. However, stacking the tapes increases the thickness of the cable and reduces its bending performance. In order to study the bending behavior of stacked tapes, bending tests of single tape was first made to analyze the strain of the REBCO layer at different bending radii, and the strain-current curves were obtained by empirical equations. The cables were stacked in both back-to-back and face-to-face modes. The strains of the REBCO layers in the tapes are calculated, and the critical currents of the cables are experimentally measured at various bending radii. The bending characteristics of the cable are analyzed using the fitted equation, and the experimental results demonstrate good agreement with the calculated results. The results indicate that the REBCO layer exhibits improved bending performance under compression, and thinner cables perform better. Therefore, we added copper tape to adjust the position of the neutral axis to optimize the bending performance. The results show that this method can effectively reduce the bending radius of the stacked cable.
Fiber grating sensors and their recent applications in biomedical domain
Authors: B S Kavitha , Pant Shweta , Sood A K , Asokan S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Sensors play an important role in measuring various physio-chemical and biological parameters. Biomedical applications of sensors include early level diagnosis of diseases, treatment technique enhancement and also monitoring the effect of medical techniques using suitable biomedical devices. The sensors which are deemed suitable for biomedical applications need to be fast, accurate, flexible, small, and most importantly, biocompatible. The inherent advantages of fibre optic sensors, such as small foot print, electrical passiveness, multiplexing capability and fast response make them the most preferred for biomedical sensing applications. Fibre optics sensors are generally used in the measurement of parameters such as temperature, strain, pressure, displacement, angle, and force. And find applications in diverse regimes like structural health monitoring, shape sensing, seismic sensing; in the bio medical domain, they have been deployed in gait analysis, pulse rate monitoring, body joint angle measurements, acquisition of respiratory parameters, cardiovascular parameters and many more. Despite being a topic of significant interest in biomedical applications, the adoptablility of optical sensors in clinical practice is not very encouraging. Hence, there is a need to address the reasons for the same, and the present review aims to highlight some critical areas. The present review paper primarily discusses the optical fibre grating techniques: their fabrication methods, the applications of these sensors in biophysical and biomechanical measurements, bio proteins and biomarker detection in body fluids. The review also discusses the bottlenecks in the clinical application of these sensors. The comparison of the performance of the optical fibre sensors with other sensing techniques is also discussed in this review paper.