bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size‐Controlled Boron‐Based Bifunctional Photocathodes for High‐Efficiency Photo‐Assisted Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Li Ling , Ma Fuquan , Jia Congying , Li Qi , He Xuexia , Sun Jie , Jiang Ruibin , Lei Zhibin , Liu Zong‐Huai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhoto‐assisted Li–O2 batteries are introduced as a promising strategy for reducing severe overpotential by directly employing photocathodes. Herein, a series of size‐controlled single‐element boron photocatalysts are prepared by the meticulous liquid phase thinning methods by combining probe and water bath sonication, and their bifunctional photocathodes in the photo‐assisted Li–O2 batteries are systematically investigated. The boron‐based Li–O2 batteries have shown incremental round‐trip efficiencies as the sized reduction of boron under illumination. It is noteworthy that the completely amorphous boron nanosheets (B4) photocathode not only delivers an optimizing round‐trip efficiency of 190% on the basis of the ultra‐high discharge voltage (3.55 V) and ultra‐low charge voltage (1.87 V) but also gives a high rate performance and ultralong durability with a round‐trip efficiency of 133% after 100 cycles (200 h) compared with the other‐sized boron photocathodes. This remarkable photoelectric performance of the B4 sample can be attracted to the synergistic effect on the suitable semiconductor property, high conductivity, and strengthened catalytic ability of boron nanosheets coated with ultrathin amorphous boron‐oxides overlayer. This research can open a new avenue to facilitate the rapid development of high‐efficiency photo‐assisted Li–O2 batteries.
Toward High Efficiency Water Processed Organic Photovoltaics: Controlling the Nanoparticle Morphology with Surface Energies
Authors: Laval Hugo , Holmes Alexandre , Marcus Matthew A. , Watts Benjamin , Bonfante Gwenaël , Schmutz Marc , Deniau Elise , Szymanski Robin , Lartigau‐Dagron Christine , Xu Xiaoxue , Cairney Julie M. , Hirakawa Kazuhiko , Awai Fumiyasu , Kubo Takaya , Wantz Guillaume , Bousquet Antoine , Holmes Natalie P. , Chambon Sylvain 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHere efficient organic photovoltaic devices fabricated from water‐based colloidal dispersions with donor:acceptor composite nanoparticles achieving up to 9.98% power conversion efficiency (PCE) are reported. This high efficiency for water processed organic solar cells is attributed to morphology control by surface energy matching between the donor and the acceptor materials. Indeed, due to a low interfacial energy between donor and the acceptor, no large phase separation occurs during the nanoparticle formation process as well as upon thermal annealing. Indeed, synchrotron‐based scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy reveals that the internal morphology of composite nanoparticles is intermixed as well as the active layer morphology after thermal treatment. The PCE of this system reaches 85% that of devices prepared from chlorinated solvent. The gap between water‐based inks and organic solvent‐based inks gets narrower, which is promising for the development of eco‐friendly processing and fabrication of organic photovoltaics.
In Situ Built Nanoconfined TiO2 Particles in Robust‐Flexible MXene@rGO Conductive Framework Enabling High‐Performance Hybrid Magnesium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Guo Miao , Yuan Chongyang , Xu Tian , Zhong Shulin , Wang Wenbin , Zou Tongxin , Zhang Tengfei , Yu Xuebin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe exploration of new and efficient sulfur cathodes through nanostructured materials design is vital for the development of high‐performance metal–sulfur batteries, which is a promising candidate for next‐generation energy storage systems. However, the shuttle behavior and sluggish reaction kinetics of polysulfides hinder the application of sulfur cathodes. Herein, a 3D MXene/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite conductive framework with superior specific surface area, structural stability, and ionic/electronic conductivity is constructed. On this basis, the TiO2 nanoparticles, in situ grown in the interlayer between MXene and rGO can be used as adsorptive and catalytic active site for polysulfides to accelerate the electrochemical reaction kinetics and alleviate the shuttle effect, thereby improving cycle stability. Consequently, the sulfur‐loaded MXene‐TiO2@rGO composite electrodes present a high reversible capacity of 1052.0 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C after 200 cycles, favorable high‐rate capability, and splendid long‐term performance, retaining 445.6 mAh g−1 capacity after 1000 cycles at 2 C in hybrid Mg/Li–S batteries. This work provides a new insight for using MXene as the sulfur host with high performance for metal–sulfur batteries.
Solvent‐Free Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation of Polyesters to Diols
Authors: Mi Rongli , Zeng Lingzhen , Wang Maolin , Tian Shuheng , Yan Jie , Yu Shixiang , Wang Meng , Ma Ding 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe utilization of carbon resources stored in plastic polymers through chemical recycling and upcycling is a promising approach for mitigating plastic waste. However, most current methods for upcycling suffer from limited selectivity towards a specific valuable product, particularly when attempting full conversion of the plastic. We present a highly selective reaction route for transforming polylactic acid (PLA) into 1,2‐propanediol utilizing a Zn‐modified Cu catalyst. This reaction exhibits excellent reactivity (0.65 g gcat−1 h−1) and selectivity (99.5 %) towards 1,2‐propanediol, and most importantly, can be performed in a solvent‐free mode. Significantly, the overall solvent‐free reaction is an atom‐economical reaction with all the atoms in reactants (PLA and H2) fixed into the final product (1,2‐propanediol), eliminating the need for a separation process. This method provides an innovative and economically viable solution for upgrading polyesters to produce high‐purity products under mild conditions with optimal atom utilization.
T‐shaped Ni0 Systems Featuring Cationic Tetrylenes: Direct Observation of L/Z‐type Ligand Duality, and Alkene Hydrogenation Catalysis
Authors: Schulz Annika , Kalkuhl Till L. , Keil Philip M. , Hadlington Terrance J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe report a facile synthetic method for accessing rare T‐shaped Ni0 species, stabilised by low‐coordinate cationic germylene and stannylene ligands which behave as Z‐type ligands toward Ni0. An in‐depth computational analysis indicates significant Nid→Ep donation (E=Ge, Sn), with essentially no E→Ni donation. The tetrylene ligand's Lewis acidity can be modulated in situ through the addition of a donor ligand, which selectively binds at the Lewis acidic tetrylene site. This switches this binding centre from a Z‐type to a classical L‐type ligand, with a concomitant geometry switch at Ni0 from T‐shaped to trigonal planar. Exploring the effects of this geometry switch in catalysis, isolated T‐shaped complexes 3 a–c and 4 a–c are capable of the hydrogenation of alkenes under mild conditions, whilst the closely related trigonal planar and tetrahedral Ni0 complexes 5, D, and E, which feature L‐type chloro‐ or cationic‐tetrylene ligands, are inactive under these conditions. Further, addition of small amounts of N‐bases to the catalytic systems involving T‐shaped complexes significantly reduces turnover rates, giving evidence for the in situ modulation of ligand electronics for catalytic switching.
Controlled Genetic Encoding of Unnatural Amino Acids in a Protein Nanopore
Authors: Wu Xue‐Yuan , Li Meng‐Yin , Yang Shao‐Jun , Jiang Jie , Ying Yi‐Lun , Chen Peng R. , Long Yi‐Tao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractConventional protein engineering methods for modifying protein nanopores are typically limited to 20 natural amino acids, which restrict the diversity of the nanopores in structure and function. To enrich the chemical environment inside the nanopore, we employed the genetic code expansion (GCE) technique to site‐specifically incorporate the unnatural amino acid (UAA) into the sensing region of aerolysin nanopores. This approach leveraged the efficient pyrrolysine‐based aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase‐tRNA pair for a high yield of pore‐forming protein. Both molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and single‐molecule sensing experiments demonstrated that the conformation of UAA residues provided a favorable geometric orientation for the interactions of target molecules and the pore. This rationally designed chemical environment enabled the direct discrimination of multiple peptides containing hydrophobic amino acids. Our work provides a new framework for endowing nanopores with unique sensing properties that are difficult to achieve using classical protein engineering approaches.
Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,2‐Benzothiazine 1‐Imines via RuII/Chiral Carboxylic Acid‐Catalyzed C−H Alkylation/Cyclization
Authors: Huang Long‐Tao , Kitakawa Yuta , Yamada Kodai , Kamiyama Futa , Kojima Masahiro , Yoshino Tatsuhiko , Matsunaga Shigeki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSulfondiimines are diaza‐analogues of sulfones with a chiral sulfur center. Compared to sulfones and sulfoximines, their synthesis and transformations have so far been studied to a lesser extent. Here, we report the enantioselective synthesis of 1,2‐benzothiazine 1‐imines, i.e., cyclic sulfondiimine derivatives from sulfondiimines and sulfoxonium ylides via C−H alkylation/cyclization reactions. The combination of [Ru(p‐cymene)Cl2]2 and a newly developed chiral spiro carboxylic acid is key to achieving high enantioselectivity.
Efficacy and Safety of the TYK2/JAK1 Inhibitor Brepocitinib for Active Psoriatic Arthritis: A Phase IIb Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mease Philip , Helliwell Philip , Silwinska‐Stanczyk Paula , Miakisz Malgorzata , Ostor Andrew , Peeva Elena , Vincent Michael S. , Sun Qiankun , Sikirica Vanja , Winnette Randall , Qiu Ruolun , Li Gang , Feng Gang , Beebe Jean S. , Martin David A. 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveBrepocitinib is a TYK2/JAK1 inhibitor in development for the treatment of several immunologic diseases. The efficacy and safety of oral brepocitinib were assessed in participants with moderately‐to‐severely active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) for up to 52 weeks.MethodsIn this placebo‐controlled, dose‐ranging, phase IIb study, participants were randomized to receive 10 mg, 30 mg, or 60 mg of brepocitinib once daily or placebo, advancing to 30 mg or 60 mg of brepocitinib once daily at week 16. The primary endpoint was the response rate according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria for 20% improvement (ACR20) in disease activity at week 16. Secondary endpoints included response rates according to the ACR50/ACR70 response criteria, 75% and 90% improvement in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI75/PASI90) score, and minimal disease activity (MDA) at weeks 16 and 52. Adverse events were monitored throughout the study.ResultsOverall, 218 participants were randomized and treated. At week 16, the brepocitinib 30 mg and 60 mg once daily groups had significantly greater ACR20 response rates (66.7% [P = 0.0197] and 74.6% [P = 0.0006], respectively), versus the placebo group (43.3%), and significantly higher ACR50/ACR70, PASI75/PASI90, and MDA response rates. Response rates were maintained or improved through week 52. Adverse events were mostly mild/moderate; serious adverse events (15) in 12 participants (5.5%) included infections in 6 participants (2.8%) in the brepocitinib 30 mg and 60 mg once daily groups. No major adverse cardiovascular events or deaths occurred.ConclusionTreatment with brepocitinib at dosages of 30 mg and 60 mg once daily was superior to placebo at reducing signs and symptoms of PsA. Brepocitinib was generally well tolerated throughout the 52‐week study, with a safety profile consistent with those found in other brepocitinib clinical trials.
Collaborative museum heist with reinforcement learning
Authors: Evripidou Eleni , Aristidou Andreas , Charalambous Panayiotis 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNon‐playable characters (NPCs) play a crucial role in enhancing immersion in video games. However, traditional NPC behaviors are often hard‐coded using methods such as Finite State Machines, Decision and Behavior trees. This has a few limitations; namely, it is quite difficult to implement complex cooperative behaviors and secondly this makes it easy for human players to identify and exploit patterns in behavior. To overcome these challenges, Reinforcement learning (RL) can be used to generate dynamic and real‐time NPC responses to human player actions. In this paper, we report on first results of applying RL techniques to a Non‐Zero Sum, adversarial asymmetric game, using a multi‐agent team. The game environment simulates a museum heist, where the objective of the successfully trained team of robbers with different skills (Locksmith, Technician) is to steal valuable items from the museum without being detected by the scripted security guards and cameras. Both agents were trained concurrently with separate policies and received both individual and group reward signals. Through this training process, the agents learned to cooperate effectively and use their skills to maximize both individual and team benefits. These results demonstrate the feasibility of realizing the full game where both robbers and security guards are trained at the same time to achieve their adversarial goals.
Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid (NDGA) Inhibits CsgA Polymerization, Bacterial Amyloid Biogenesis, and Biofilm Formation
Authors: Visser Joshua A. , Yager Deborah , Chambers Schuyler A. , Lim Ji Youn , Cao Xujun , Cegelski Lynette 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEscherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae thrive in robust biofilm communities through the coproduction of curli amyloid fibers and phosphoethanolamine cellulose. Curli promote adhesion to abiotic surfaces and plant and human host tissues and are associated with pathogenesis in urinary tract infection and food‐borne illness. The production of curli in the host has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. We report that the natural product nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is effective as a curlicide in E. coli. NDGA prevents CsgA polymerization in vitro in a dose‐dependent manner. NDGA selectively inhibits cell‐associated curli assembly and inhibits uropathogenic E. coli biofilm formation. More broadly, this work emphasizes the ability to evaluate and identify bioactive amyloid assembly inhibitors by using the powerful gene‐directed amyloid biogenesis machinery in E. coli.
Boronic Acid Moieties Stabilize Adhesion of Microalgal Biofilms on Glassy Substrates: A Chemical Tool for Environmental Applications
Authors: Vona Danilo , Cicco Stefania Roberta , Labarile Rossella , Flemma Annarita , Garcia Cesar Vicente , Giangregorio Maria Michela , Cotugno Pietro , Ragni Roberta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhotosynthetic organisms such as diatoms microalgae provide innovative routes to eco‐friendly technologies for environmental pollution bioremediation. Living diatoms are capable to incorporate in vivo a wide variety of chemical species dispersed in seawater, thus being promising candidates for eco‐friendly removal of toxic contaminants. However, their exploitation requires immobilization methods that allow to confine microalgae during water treatment. Here we demonstrate that a biofilm of Phaeodactylum tricornutum diatom cells grown on the surface of a glassy substrate bearing boronic acid protruding moieties is stably anchored to the substrate resisting mechanical stress and it is suitable for removal of up to 80 % metal ions (As, Cr, Cu, Zn, Sn, Pb, Sb) in a model polluted water sample. Control experiments also suggest that stabilization of the biofilm adhesion occurs by interaction of boronic acid surface groups of the substrate with the hydroxyl groups of diatoms extracellular polysaccharides.
Design of Cu‐Substituted O3‐Type NaFe0.5Mn0.5O2 Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Jia‐Lin , Wu Lin‐Rong , Zhang Hai‐Xia , Wang Hao‐Rui , Zhang Ding , Duan Xiao‐Chuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractO3‐type Fe/Mn‐based layered oxide cathode materials with abundant reserves have a promising prospect in sodium‐ion batteries. However, the electrochemical reversibility of most O3‐type Fe/Mn‐based oxide cathode materials is still not high enough. Herein, the effect of different Cu contents on the electrochemical properties of O3‐NaFe0.50Mn0.50O2 materials is systematically investigated. The as‐prepared NaFe0.30Mn0.50Cu0.20O2 cathode achieves the synergistic optimization of the interface and bulk phase. It shows superior electrochemical performance, with an initial discharge specific capacity of 114 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, a capacity retention rate of 94 % after 100 cycles at 0.5 C, and excellent chemical stability in air and water. In addition, the sodium ion full battery based on NaFe0.30Mn0.50Cu0.20O2 cathode and hard carbon anode has a capacity retention rate of 81 % after 100 cycles. This research provides a useful approach for the preparation of low‐cost and high‐performance O3‐type layered cathode materials.
An efficient and secure key management with the extended convolutional neural network for intrusion detection in cloud storage
Authors: Ahmad Shahnawaz , Mehfuz Shabana , Beg Javed 
Published: May 2023

SummaryCloud computing aids users for storing and recovering their information everywhere in the world. Security and efficiency are the two main issues in cloud service. Numerous intrusion detection techniques for the cloud computing environment were proposed, but those techniques do not effectively and accurately detect the attacks. Hence, an efficient and secure key management using extended convolutional neural network, that is, hybrid Enhanced Elman Spike convolutional Neural Network optimized with improved COOT optimization algorithm (Hyb EESCCNN) is proposed for intrusion detection in cloud system. Furthermore, the novel Adaptive Tangent Brakerski‐Gentry Vaikuntanathan Homomorphic Encryption (ATBGVHE) method is proposed for providing the security of the system. At first, SHA‐512 is used for authenticating cloud users to store its own information in to the cloud server. Then for Intrusion Detection (ID) the input data from the NSL‐KDD, UNSWNB15, CICIDS2018, and ToN‐IoT datasets are pre‐processed. The most relevant features are extracted using Fast Independent Component Analysis (Fast ICA) from the pre‐processed output. These extracted data are classified into malicious and non‐malicious data using Hyb EESCCNN. After classification, the non‐malicious data is secured using an ATBGVHE technique. The outcomes of the proposed methods shows that the NSL‐KDD datasets attains 99.9% higher accuracy, UNSW‐NB15 datasets offer 99.89% higher accuracy, CSE‐CIC‐IDS2018 datasets attains 99.8% higher accuracy, ToN‐IoT datasets attains 99.8% higher accuracy and 0.02 s lower encryption time compared with existing methods. Finally, case study with real time applications is also analyzed to prove the efficiency of the proposed method.
Emerging imaging and liquid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Gill Alexander J. , Schorr Emily M. , Gadani Sachin P. , Calabresi Peter A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe advent of highly effective disease modifying therapy has transformed the landscape of multiple sclerosis (MS) care over the last two decades. However, there remains a critical, unmet need for sensitive and specific biomarkers to aid in diagnosis, prognosis, treatment monitoring, and the development of new interventions, particularly for people with progressive disease. This review evaluates the current data for several emerging imaging and liquid biomarkers in people with MS. MRI findings such as the central vein sign and paramagnetic rim lesions may improve MS diagnostic accuracy and evaluation of therapy efficacy in progressive disease. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of several neuroglial proteins, such as neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein, show potential to be sensitive biomarkers of pathologic processes such as neuro‐axonal injury or glial‐inflammation. Additional promising biomarkers, including optical coherence tomography, cytokines and chemokines, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicles/exosomes, are also reviewed, among others. Beyond their potential integration into MS clinical care and interventional trials, several of these biomarkers may be informative of MS pathogenesis and help elucidate novel targets for treatment strategies.
Salting‐out extraction of recombinant κ‐carrageenase and phage T7 released fromEscherichia colicells
Authors: Chen Da , Dong Yue‐Sheng , Bao Yong‐Ming , Xiu Zhi‐Long 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTraditional technology of cell disruption has become one of the bottlenecks restricting the industrialization of genetic engineering products due to its high cost and low efficiency. In this study, a novel bioprocess of phage lysis coupled with salting‐out extraction (SOE) was evaluated. The lysis effect of T7 phage on genetically engineeredEscherichia coliexpressing κ‐carrageenase was investigated at different multiplicity of infection (MOI), meanwhile the phage and enzyme released into the lysate were separated by SOE. It was found that T7 phage could lyse 99.9% of host cells at MOI = 1 and release more than 90.0% of enzyme within 90 min. After phage lysis, 87.1% of T7 phage and 71.2% of κ‐carrageenase could be distributed at the middle phase and the bottom phase, respectively, in the SOE system composed of 16% ammonium sulfate and 20% ethyl acetate (w/w). Furthermore, κ‐carrageenase in the bottom phase could be salted out by ammonium sulfate with a yield of 40.1%. Phage lysis exhibits some advantages, such as mild operation conditions and low cost. While SOE can efficiently separate phage and intracellular products. Therefore, phage lysis coupled with SOE is expected to become a viable alternative to the classical cell disruption and intracellular product recovery.
Cooperative caching strategy based mobile vehicle social‐aware in internet of vehicles
Authors: Kan Chaonan , Wu Honghai , Xing Ling , Ma Huahong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe dramatic growth of smart in‐vehicle applications in the Internet of Vehicles and the increasing quality of experience for vehicle users have put a huge traffic load on the mobile core network. Mobile edge caching has been proposed to place content at the edge of the network to serve users in close proximity to them. However, the dynamic topology of existing edge networks and the inherent storage limitations of edge devices pose a serious challenge to vehicular edge caching. Therefore, in this article, we propose a cooperative caching strategy based on mobile prediction and social awareness that allows collaborative content decision making among edge devices. Specifically, the long short‐term memory network is used to predict vehicle trajectories, social relationships are computed using content similarity and contact rates among vehicle users to select vehicles that can serve as caching nodes, and deep reinforcement learning is employed to achieve the final caching decision. Simulation results show that the caching strategy proposed in this article achieves up to 7.7%, 24.2%, and 27.3% gains, respectively, in terms of content acquirement delay compared to the reinforcement learning algorithm, the algorithm without considering mobility, and the non‐cooperative algorithm.