bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroimaging of complications arising after CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy: A review
Authors: Pinto Soniya N. , Liu Chia‐Shang J. , Nelson Marvin D. , Bluml Stefan , Livingston David , Tamrazi Benita 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting the CD19 (cluster of differentiation 19) cell surface glycoprotein have emerged as a highly effective immunologic therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory B‐cell malignancies. The engagement of CAR T cells with CD19 on the surface of neoplastic B cells causes a systemic cytokine release, which can compromise the blood‐brain barrier and cause an immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). In a small proportion of ICANS patients who demonstrate neuroimaging abnormalities, certain distinct patterns have been recognized, including signal changes in the thalami, external capsule, and brainstem, the subcortical and/or periventricular white matter, the splenium of the corpus callosum, and the cerebellum. On careful review of the underlying pathophysiology of ICANS, we noticed that these changes closely mirror the underlying blood‐brain barrier disruption and neuroinflammatory and excitotoxic effects of the offending cytokines released during ICANS. Furthermore, other uncommon complications of CD19 CAR T‐cell therapy such as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, ocular complications, and opportunistic fungal infections can be catastrophic if not diagnosed in a timely manner, with neuroimaging playing a significant role in management. In this narrative review, we will summarize the current literature on the spectrum of neuroimaging findings in ICANS, list appropriate differential diagnoses, and explore the imaging features of other uncommon central nervous system complications of CD19 CAR T‐cell therapy using illustrative cases from two tertiary care institutions.
Modulation of reflex responses of the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle in freely moving rats
Authors: Chotirungsan Titi , Tsutsui Yuhei , Saka Nobuaki , Kawada Satomi , Dewa Nozomi , Suzuki Taku , Magara Jin , Tsujimura Takanori , Inoue Makoto 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundChewing and licking are primarily activated by central pattern generator (CPG) neuronal circuits in the brainstem and when activated trigger repetitive rhythmic orofacial movements such as chewing, licking and swallowing. These CPGs are reported to modulate orofacial reflex responses in functions such as chewing.ObjectiveThis study explored the modulation of reflex responses in the anterior and posterior bellies (ant‐Dig and post‐Dig, respectively) of the digastric muscle evoked by low‐intensity trigeminal stimulation in conscious rats.MethodsThe ant‐Dig and post‐Dig reflexes were evoked by using low‐intensity electrical stimulation applied to either the right or left inferior alveolar nerve. Peak‐to‐peak amplitudes and onset latencies were measured.ResultsNo difference was observed between threshold and onset latency for evoking ant‐Dig and post‐Dig reflexes, suggesting that the latter was also evoked disynaptically. The peak‐to‐peak amplitude of both reflexes was significantly reduced during chewing, licking and swallowing as compared to resting period and was lowest during the jaw‐closing phase of chewing and licking. Onset latency was significantly largest during the jaw‐closing phase. Inhibitory level was similar between the ant‐Dig and post‐Dig reflex responses and between the ipsilateral and contralateral sides.ConclusionThese results suggest that both the ant‐Dig and post‐Dig reflex responses were significantly inhibited, probably due to CPG activation during feeding behaviours to maintain coordination of jaw and hyoid movements and hence ensure smooth feeding mechanics.
Intra‐articular injections in the TMJ inferior joint space: A scoping review
Authors: De Nordenflycht Diego , Ayala Anaís , Orellana Luis , Tesch Ricardo de Souza 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo perform a scoping review to identify the available evidence regarding intra‐articular injections in the inferior joint space (IJS) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).MethodsAn electronic search of the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases was performed using the following terms: “Arthrocentesis”, “injection”, “joint injection”, “technique”, “Temporomandibular joint”, “Temporomandibular joint disorder”. Full‐text articles were obtained from the records after applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Only articles with full‐text access were included.ResultsThirteen articles were included for analysis—one technical note, three cadavers studies, one animal study, two case reports, five randomised clinical trials and one retrospective study; studies were classified as ‘patients‐based studies’ and ‘non‐patients‐based studies’. Most ‘patients‐based studies’ show moderate or high risk of bias. Techniques were categorised as ‘anatomical technique’ and ‘image‐guided technique’. Most ‘patients‐based studies’ show favourable outcomes such as pain reduction, increase in maximum mouth opening, improvement in quality of life and improvement in TMJ dysfunction indexes for the treatment of arthrogenic TMDs. Comparisons between superior and IJS injections are scarce. On the other hand, ‘non‐patients‐based’ studies show that image‐guided or ultrasound‐checked injection techniques achieved a higher effectiveness for needle location than anatomical (or blind) techniques.ConclusionThe amount of available evidence is scarce, heterogeneous in design, and most ‘patients‐based studies’ show moderate or high risk of bias, which demands the generation of new research to obtain definitive conclusions. The tendency observed suggests that intra‐articular injections for the IJS of the TMJ are able to relieve TMJ pain, increase mouth opening and improve TMJ dysfunction, and image‐guided injection techniques seem to be more effective than anatomical techniques to locate the needle in the IJS.
Sepsis awareness and understanding in Australian parents: A National Child Health Poll survey
Authors: Peters Emma , Rhodes Anthea , Measey Mary‐Anne , Babl Franz E , Long Elliot 
Published: June 2023

AimThe primary aim of the study was to assess parental awareness and understanding of childhood sepsis. Secondary aims included parental knowledge of the signs and symptoms of sepsis, and what parents would do if they suspected sepsis in their own child.MethodsAn online questionnaire was administered as part of The Royal Children's Hospital National Child Health Poll. The Poll is a quarterly online survey of a sample of Australian families with at least one child aged 0–17 years old, representative by age, sex and state of residence. The questionnaire collected information on parental sepsis awareness, and for those defined as sepsis aware, information was gathered on sepsis knowledge, signs and symptoms, and how they would respond if they thought their child had sepsis. Signs and symptoms highly likely to be suggestive of sepsis were predefined based on published sepsis guidelines and awareness campaigns.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 3352 parents. Of those, 2065 (61.6%) had heard of the term sepsis and 2818 (84.1%) had heard of at least one alternate term for sepsis and were classified as ‘sepsis aware’. Of the ‘sepsis aware’ parents, 82.9% knew that sepsis was a life‐threatening condition, but only 33.8% knew that once diagnosed, sepsis may not be curable. Only 27.8% thought that they could recognise the signs of sepsis in their own child. Less than half of respondents correctly identified signs and symptoms that were highly likely to be suggestive of sepsis. Seventy‐one per cent of parents said they would seek urgent care at a hospital emergency department or other facility if they thought their child had sepsis, but only 37.3% said they would consider calling an ambulance.ConclusionThere are considerable knowledge gaps in parental awareness and knowledge of sepsis, particularly sepsis recognition. Parental education should target these knowledge gaps in order to improve healthcare‐seeking behaviour and communication between parents and healthcare providers in order to facilitate early sepsis diagnosis and treatment.
How firms realign to tackle the grand challenge of climate change: An innovation ecosystems perspective
Authors: Falcke Lukas , Zobel Ann‐Kristin , Comello Stephen D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study investigates how, why, and under which conditions incumbents and new entrants realign in innovation ecosystems to collectively tackle the grand challenge (GC) of climate change. The discussion on innovation and GCs is still lacking sufficient theoretical underpinnings and empirical insights to make sense of the role of for‐profit firms and their collaborative innovation efforts to address the GCs of our times. We introduce innovation ecosystems as a theoretical lens for understanding the combinations of technological interfaces and strategic relations that firms can employ to craft value propositions with high potential for tackling GCs. Empirically, this study focuses on the GC of climate change that requires a transformation of the electricity sector. We investigate collaborative pilot projects between 10 international electric utilities and 57 clean‐tech startups. In these pilots, incumbents and new entrants explore low‐carbon value propositions through novel technological interfaces and strategic relations. Via qualitative comparative analysis, we identify three configurations of ecosystem realignment with high climate impact: an incumbent‐led digital platform realignment, a device complementor and customer‐enabling realignment, and a new orchestrator realignment. Based on a multiple case analysis, we uncover three innovation mechanisms that explain why these specific configurations unlock climate impact: they enhance resource efficiency, the flexibility and resilience of infrastructure, and the trading and leveraging of information and resources. On this basis, we contribute to the literature at the intersection of innovation management and GCs by developing theory that explicates (1) how the realignment of incumbents and startups in innovation ecosystems changes existing industry structures; (2) why specific configurations of such ecosystems are associated with high climate impact and are thus effective in addressing GCs; and (3) the boundary conditions under which collective innovation efforts in ecosystems can translate into climate impact.
Reducing diarrhoea in an adult surgical intensive care unit: A quality improvement study
Authors: Occhiali Emilie , Rodrigues Bastien , Prieur Wendy , Tiarci Safia , Carmon Nicolas , Veber Benoit , Achamrah Najate 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough diarrhoea is a real source of morbidity for critically ill patients, this issue has been little studied, making it difficult to understand its mechanisms and management.AimsWe conducted a quality improvement study in an adult surgical intensive care unit before/after the implementation of a specific protocol to firstly improve diarrhoea management for patient benefit and secondly to understand the impact on caregivers.Study designThe first part of this before/after study consisted in assessing the proportion of patients receiving an anti‐diarrheal treatment before (phase I)/after (phase II) the implementation of the protocol. The second part of the study was to survey the caregivers on this topic.ResultsSixty four adults were included (33 in phase I; 31 in phase II) with 280 diarrheal episodes (129 in phase I; 151 in phase II). The proportion of patients who received at least one anti‐diarrheal treatment was similar between the two phases (79% (26/33) vs. 68% (21/31), p = .40). Diarrhoea incidence was also similar (9% (33 patients/368 admissions) vs. 11% (31 patients/275 admissions), p = .35). The delay to initiate at least one treatment was significantly shorter in phase II (2 days [1–7] vs. 0 day [0–2]; p < .001). The patients' rehabilitation was no longer impacted by the occurrence of a diarrheal episode in phase II (39% (13/33) vs. 0% (0/31), p < .001). Eighty team members completed the surveys in phase I and 70 in phase II. Caregivers perceived diarrhoea like a burden and its economic impact remained high.ConclusionsThe implementation of a protocol for the management of ICU diarrhoea did not increase the proportion of patients treated, but it did significantly improve the delay to initiate a treatment. The patients' rehabilitation was no longer affected by diarrhoea.Relevance to clinical practiceThe use of specific anti‐diarrhoea guidelines may help to reduce the burden of diarrhoea in an ICU.
The physiological role of thiol‐based redox sensors in plant defense signaling
Authors: Chae Ho Byoung , Bae Su Bin , Paeng Seol Ki , Wi Seong Dong , Phan Kieu Anh Thi , Kim Min Gab , Kim Woe‐Yeon , Yun Dae‐Jin , Lee Sang Yeol 
Published: June 2023

SummaryPlants have developed multilayered defense strategies to adapt and acclimate to the kaleidoscopic environmental changes that rapidly produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce redox changes. Thiol‐based redox sensors containing the redox‐sensitive cysteine residues act as the central machinery in plant defense signaling. Here, we review recent research on thiol‐based redox sensors in plants, which perceive the changes in intracellular H2O2 levels and activate specific downstream defense signaling. The review mainly focuses on the molecular mechanism of how the thiol sensors recognize internal/external stresses and respond to them by demonstrating several instances, such as cold‐, drought‐, salinity‐, and pathogen‐resistant signaling pathways. Also, we introduce another novel complex system of thiol‐based redox sensors operating through the liquid–liquid phase separation.
A shorter R wave peak time in left bundle branch pacing may not be a marker of more physiological ventricular activation: A case report
Authors: Zhang Yuelin , Jiang Longfu , Shen Jiabo , Zhang Lu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLeft bundle branch pacing (LBBp) is a promising alternative to conventional biventricular pacing cardiac resynchronization therapy. The left anterior fascicle (LAF) is adjacent to the left ventricular outflow tract, while the left posterior fascicle (LPF) dominates a broader area of the left ventricle. Whether LAF or LPF dominates ventricular activation has not been determined. We present the case of a 76‐year‐old man who underwent LBBp implantation and propose the left ventricular activation domination in LPF pacing, an alternative when LBBp is unavailable.
Detection of atrial fibrillation in real world setting in patients with cryptogenic stroke and an implantable loop recorder
Authors: Kim Seulgi Erica , Khawaja Muzamil , Kim Jitae Alex , Safavi‐Naeini Payam , Pickett June , Molina‐Razavi Joanna , Saeed Mohammad , Razavi Mehdi , Rasekh Abdi , Chelu Mihail 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionImplantable loop recorders (ILR) are used to screen for atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with cryptogenic stroke (CS). However, there is limited real‐world data regarding the long‐term rate of AF detection using ILR and management consequences in patients with CS. The objective is to assess the rate of AF detection in patients with CS in a real‐world study over 36 months of follow‐up and its consequences on stroke prevention.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients with an ILR placed for CS at Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center between January 2014 and July 2021. The primary outcome was AF detection in patients with ILR. The secondary outcome was the rate of subsequent strokes after ILR placement in patients with or without diagnosed AF. The AF detection rate in our cohort was compared to the rate in CRYSTAL‐AF Trial at 36‐month follow‐up. The impact of AF detection on clinical management was examined.ResultsWe identified 225 patients. 51.1% were women and 38.2% African American. Among 85 patients with ILR labeled AF, 43 patients had true AF, and 42 had incorrectly labeled AF (48.3% false positive). The estimated AF detection rate at 36 months follow‐up was 28.6% (95% CI, 26.6%–30.6%). 58.1% of patients with AF were initiated on oral anticoagulation, 80.0% of whom were started on a direct oral anticoagulant. 13.8% of patients had recurrent strokes after ILR implantation; 4 of whom were diagnosed with AF.ConclusionCompared to CRYSTAL‐AF, the AF detection rate in our cohort is similar, but this cohort includes a higher proportion of female and African American patients. Most patients with recurrent strokes after ILR implant did not have AF during 36 months of monitoring.
Intraoperative fluid administration volumes during pediatric liver transplantation and postoperative outcomes: A multicenter analysis
Authors: Efune Proshad N. , Hoyt Matthew J. , Saynhalath Rita , Ahn Chul , Pearsall Matthew F. , Khan Umar H. , Feehan Thomas , Desai Dev M. , Szmuk Peter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionFluid administration is an important aspect of the management of children undergoing liver transplantation and may impact postoperative outcomes. Our aim was to evaluate the association between volume of intraoperative fluid administration and our primary outcome, the duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation following pediatric liver transplantation. Secondary outcomes included intensive care unit length of stay and hospital length of stay.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, retrospective cohort study using electronic data from three major pediatric liver transplant centers. Intraoperative fluid administration was indexed to weight and duration of anesthesia. Univariate and stepwise linear regression analyses were conducted.ResultsAmong 286 successful pediatric liver transplants, the median duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation was 10.8 h (IQR 0.0, 35.4), the median intensive care unit length of stay was 4.3 days (IQR 2.7, 6.8), and the median hospital length of stay was 13.6 days (9.8, 21.1). Univariate linear regression showed a weak correlation between intraoperative fluids and duration of ventilation (r2 = .037, p = .001). Following stepwise linear regression, intraoperative fluid administration remained weakly correlated (r2 = .161, p = .04) with duration of postoperative ventilation. The following variables were also independently correlated with duration of ventilation: center (Riley Children's Health versus Children's Health Dallas, p = .001), and open abdominal incision after transplant (p = .001).DiscussionThe amount of intraoperative fluid administration is correlated with duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation in children undergoing liver transplantation, however, it does not seem to be a strong factor.ConclusionsOther modifiable factors should be sought which may lead to improved postoperative outcomes in this highly vulnerable patient population.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated simultaneous mutation of three salicylic acid 5‐hydroxylase (OsS5H) genes confers broad‐spectrum disease resistance in rice
Authors: Liu Xiong , Yu Yan , Yao Wei , Yin Zhongliang , Wang Yubo , Huang Zijian , Zhou Jie‐Qiang , Liu Jinling , Lu Xuedan , Wang Feng , Zhang Guilian , Chen Guihua , Xiao Yunhua , Deng Huabing , Tang Wenbang 
Published: June 2023

SummarySalicylic acid (SA) is an essential plant hormone that plays critical roles in basal defence and amplification of local immune responses and establishes resistance against various pathogens. However, the comprehensive knowledge of the salicylic acid 5‐hydroxylase (S5H) in rice‐pathogen interaction is still elusive. Here, we reported that three OsS5H homologues displayed salicylic acid 5‐hydroxylase activity, converting SA into 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5‐DHBA). OsS5H1, OsS5H2, and OsS5H3 were preferentially expressed in rice leaves at heading stage and responded quickly to exogenous SA treatment. We found that bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) strongly induced the expression of OsS5H1, OsS5H2, and OsS5H3. Rice plants overexpressing OsS5H1, OsS5H2, and OsS5H3 showed significantly decreased SA contents and increased 2,5‐DHBA levels, and were more susceptible to bacterial blight and rice blast. A simple single guide RNA (sgRNA) was designed to create oss5h1oss5h2oss5h3 triple mutants through CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated gene mutagenesis. The oss5h1oss5h2oss5h3 exhibited stronger resistance to Xoo than single oss5h mutants. And oss5h1oss5h2oss5h3 plants displayed enhanced rice blast resistance. The conferred pathogen resistance in oss5h1oss5h2oss5h3 was attributed to the significantly upregulation of OsWRKY45 and pathogenesis‐related (PR) genes. Besides, flg22‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst was enhanced in oss5h1oss5h2oss5h3. Collectively, our study provides a fast and effective approach to generate rice varieties with broad‐spectrum disease resistance through OsS5H gene editing.
Accelerating gene discovery in climate‐resilient and nutrient‐rich major and minor millets through genome‐wide association studies: Progress and prospects
Authors: Vellaichamy Gandhimeyyan Renganathan , Chockalingam Vanniarajan , Muthurajan Raveendran , Raman Renuka 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMillets are known for their resilience and nutritional benefits and hence believed to have a promising role in ensuring food and nutritional security under changing climatic conditions. Research on millets has intensified in recent years, especially in dissecting the genetic components of yield, stress tolerance and nutritional quality traits. Recent advances in next‐generation sequencing, bioinformatics and associated statistical procedures for genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have provided wide opportunities to resolve the genetic complexity of polygenic traits by measuring historical and evolutionary recombination events in the natural population(s). During the past decade, GWAS has been successfully employed to identify key genes controlling growth, development, stress tolerance, nutrient use efficiency and nutritional quality traits in sorghum, pearl millet, foxtail millet and finger millet. However, progress in other minor millets is still in its infancy. Genetic dissection of these complex traits in millets may pave the way for genetic alteration of climate resilience, photosynthesis and nutrient accumulation in rice and wheat. In this review, progress in GWAS analysis in detecting QTLs underlying complex traits in sorghum and other millets is highlighted.
Vaccines and use of immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapy in a pediatric dermatology clinic—A single institution experience
Authors: Tran Jacqueline , Trinh Dylan L. , Pan Amy Y. , Humphrey Stephen R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractVaccine type and timing are critical issues to prevent unintended infections in those on immunosuppressive therapies. We retrospectively chart reviewed patients at Children's Wisconsin Pediatric Dermatology Clinic on immunosuppressives and immunomodulators between 11/1/2012 and 6/1/2020 and found that approximately 76% of patient encounters do not have documented vaccine counseling in the medical chart before initiation of immunosuppressives and immunomodulators. As age increased, vaccine counseling was less likely to be documented (odds ratio: 0.89; 95% confidence interval: 0.84–0.95, p = .001). In addition, 13 patient encounters (4%) were not up to date with live vaccines before immunosuppressive or immunomodulating therapy. There is an opportunity to improve clinical processes to ensure documentation of vaccination status and vaccine counseling before starting immunosuppressive and immunomodulator medications in a pediatric dermatology clinic.