bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trichloroacetic Acid With Microneedling Versus Trichloroacetic Acid Alone for Treating Melasma
Authors: Hofny Eman R. , Abdel-Motaleb Amira A. , Hamed Safaa Ahmed , Twisy Howida Omar 
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND
Melasma is a common acquired disorder of hyperpigmentation which is difficult to treat.

OBJECTIVE
We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined microneedling with trichloroacetic acid in the treatment of melasma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Forty women with facial melasma were included and randomly classified into 2 groups. Group A included 20 patients treated with bimonthly session of trichloroacetic acid 25% peeling (8 sessions) combined with a monthly session of microneedling (4 sessions). Group B included the other 20 patients that were treated by bimonthly trichloroacetic acid 25% peeling session (8 sessions) alone.

RESULTS
After 1 and 3 months of treatment, the mean melasma area and severity index, modified melasma area and severity index, and melasma severity index scores showed significant improvement in each group (p < .05 for each). At 1 and 3 months, the mean percentages of change of all scores were significantly higher in group A than group B (p < .05).

CONCLUSION
Combined trichloroacetic acid peel with microneedling is effective and a safe option for treating melasma.
Lockdown period during SARS COVID-19 endemic outbreak in Taiwan did not cause an increase of the complications nor mortality of patients received endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: A single-center retrospective study
Authors: Li Chia-Ju , Chang Tien-En , Hou Ming-Chih , Huang Yi-Hsiang , Lee Pei-Chang , Chang Nai-Wen , Chen Yu-Jen , Lee Fa-Yuah 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019, known as a widespread, aerosol spreading disease, has affected >549 000 000 people since 2019. During the lockdown period, dramatic reduction of elective endoscopic procedures, including endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, had been reported worldwide, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Nevertheless, whether patients’ hospital stays and complication rate of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) during the lockdown period were influenced by the pandemic still remains controversial.

Methods:
Patients who diagnosed with obstructive jaundice and acute cholangitis in the lockdown period, May 16 to July 26, 2021, were compared to the same prepandemic period in 2019.

Results:
A total of 204 patients in 2019 and 168 patients in 2021 were diagnosed with acute biliary cholangitis or obstructive jaundice, and 82 of the patients in 2019 and 77 patients in 2021 underwent ERCP (p = 0.274). Patients whose quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score was ≥ 2 occurred more during the lockdown period than during the normal period (24/77, 31.1% vs 12/82, 14.6%; p = 0.013). The initial laboratory data, including, total bilirubin (4.12 in 2021 vs 3.08 mg/dL in 2019; p = 0.014), gamma-glutamyl transferase (378 in 2021 vs 261 U/L in 2019; p = 0.009), and alkaline phosphatase (254 in 2021 vs 174 U/L in 2019; p = 0.002) were higher during the lockdown period compared to 2019. Hospital stay was statistically significant longer in the lockdown period (11 days [7.00–22.00] in 2021 vs 8 days in 2019 [6.00–12.00]; p value = 0.02). Multivariate analysis showed that qSOFA ≥ 2 (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.837, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.471–10.003; p = 0.006), and malignant etiology (HR = 2.932, 95% CI = 1.271–6.765; p = 0.012) were the statistically significant factors for a prolonged hospital stay, which was defined as hospital stay >21 days. ERCP-related complications and mortality rate were not statistically different between the two periods.

Conclusion:
Patients from May 16 to July 26, 2021, the lockdown period, had longer hospital stays and higher biliary tract enzyme levels, which indicated more severe disease. Nevertheless, ERCP could be safely and successfully performed even during the medical level 3 alert lockdown period without causing an increase in procedure-related complications and mortality.
The Reversed Flow Hemisoleus Propeller Muscle Flap
Authors: Saleh Dalia Mohammed Galal , Shaker Ayman A. , Alrefahi Mahmoud , Estawrow Mina Agaiby 
Published: December 2022

Background
Soleus muscle flap can be used in different modifications to reconstruct lower limb defects. It can be proximally based, distally based, island or reversed flow flap. The first description of the soleus muscle as an island flap supplied by one distal perforator was reported by Yajima et al (Plast Reconstr Surg. 1995;96:1162–1168). However, its use as a propeller flap supplied by the distal perforators and rotated for more than 90 degrees was not described yet.

Obejectives
The aims of the study are to study the detailed vascular anatomy of the distal perforators of the soleus muscle flap and to demonstrate the applicability of using it as a propeller flap.

Patients and Methods
A total number of 42 patients were included in this study. These patients had various distal leg and foot defects. All patients were assessed preoperatively by Doppler study and computed tomography angiography to define the vascular status of the leg. The muscle was raised as a reversed flow flap, based on 1 or more distal perforators and its feeding vessel (posterior tibial artery) after being dissected and divided proximally. The muscle was rotated for more than 90 degrees to reach distal leg defects and approximately 180 degrees to reach the foot defects.

Results
All flaps survived completely with good and durable coverage. The vascularity of the limb was not affected in all patients. There was no functional donor site morbidity.

Conclusions
The reversed flow hemisoleus muscle flap supplied by the distal perforators and the posterior tibial artery has a great arc of rotation that can cover all distal leg, ankle, and foot defects. Therefore, it can be used as alternative to free flap in lower extremity reconstruction. A new nomenclature is suggested for this flap which is the propeller hemisoleus muscle flap.
SULFORAPHANE ADMINISTRATION AFTER HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK/RESUSCITATION IN MICE REDUCES THE SECRETION OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND INCREASES THE IMMUNOCOMPETENCE OF SPLENIC MACROPHAGES
Authors: Qin Kang , Li You , Liang Weiqiang , Lichte Philipp , Zhang Xing , Zhao Qun , Fragoulis Athanassios , Pufe Thomas , Kobbe Philipp , Ma Chunxia , Meng Hongzheng , Balmayor Elizabeth R. , Hildebrand Frank , Greven Johannes 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of sulforaphane (SFN), a nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor (Nrf2) pathway activator, on splenic macrophages’ immunocompetence after hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation (HS/R). Methods: Male C57/BL6 wild-type mice (n = 6 per group) were subjected to either pressure-controlled HS (MAP, 35–45 mm Hg) or a sham procedure surgery (without HS). After 90 minutes of HS, fluid resuscitation with withdrawn blood and 0.9% NaCl was performed. Sulforaphane (50 mg/kg of body weight) was applied intraperitoneally immediately after the resuscitation phase as well as 24 and 48 h thereafter, depending on group allocation. The mice were killed at 6, 24, and 72 h after resuscitation. After killing, spleens were harvested to perform Nrf2 immunofluorescence histology. Splenic macrophages were isolated and cultured to measure cytokine secretion in the cell culture supernatant. Furthermore, macrophages isolated after 24-hour resuscitation were treated with 100 ng/mL of bacterial LPS to measure immunocompetence. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging was performed to verify the distribution of SFN in the spleen after intraperitoneal injection. Results: We showed that administered SFN reached the spleen within the first hour after administration. Furthermore, we identified that SFN increased splenic Nrf2 activation and decreased cytokine expression in splenic macrophages after HS/R. In addition, we showed that SFN exhibited splenic anti-inflammatory properties of macrophages in vitro (IL-6/IL-10-ratio of the HS/R group: 51.79 ± 9.99 [at 6 h] and 15.70 ± 3.35 [at 24 h] vs. HS/R + SFN group: 20.54 ± 5.35 [at 6 h] and 8.60 ± 2.37 [at 24 h], P < 0.05). Furthermore, SFN improved in vitro splenic macrophage immunocompetence after HS/R, as evidenced by the increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines in response to LPS stimulation in vitro. Conclusions: Our study shows that SFN can reduce inflammatory cytokines secreted by splenic macrophages after HS/R and increase their immunocompetence toward a more anti-inflammatory profile.
The Radiogenomic and Spatiogenomic Landscapes of Glioblastoma, and their Relationship to Oncogenic Drivers
Authors: Kazerooni Anahita Fathi , Akbari Hamed , Hu Xiaoju , Bommineni Vikas , Grigoriadis Dimitris , Toorens Erik , Sako Chiharu , Mamourian Elizabeth , Ballinger Dominique , Sussman Robyn , Singh Ashish , Verginadis Ioannis I. , Dahmane Nadia , Koumenis Constantinos , Binder Zev A. , Bagley Stephen J. , Mohan Suyash , Hatzigeorgiou Artemis , O’Rourke Donald M. , Ganguly Tapan , De Subhajyoti , Bakas Spyridon , Nasrallah MacLean P. , Davatzikos Christos 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is well-known for its molecular and spatial heterogeneity, which poses a challenge for precision therapies and clinical trial stratification. Here, in a comprehensive radiogenomics study of 358 GBMs, we investigated the associations between the imaging and spatial characteristics of the tumors with their cancer gene mutation status, as well as with the cross-sectionally inferred likely order of mutational events. We show that cross-validated machine learning analysis of multi-parametric MRI scans results in distinctivein vivoimaging signatures of several mutations, which are relatively more distinctive in homogeneous tumors which harbor only one of these mutations. These imaging signatures offer mechanistic insights into how various mutations influence the phenotype of the tumor and its surrounding infiltrated brain tissue via neovascularization and vascular leakage, increased cell density, invasion and migration, and other characteristics captured by respective imaging features. Furthermore, we found that spatial location and tumor distribution vary, depending on the GBM’s molecular characteristics. Finally, distinct imaging and spatial characteristics were associated with cross-sectionally estimated evolutionary trajectories of the tumors. Collectively, our study establishes a panel ofin vivoand clinically accessible imaging-AI biomarkers of GBM that reflect their molecular composition and oncogenic drivers.
Establishment of a novel set of vectors for transformation of the dinoflagellateAmphidinium carterae
Authors: Nimmo I.C. , Geisler K. , Barbrook A.C. , Kleiner F.H. , Scarampi A. , Kosmützky D. , Nisbet R.E.R. , Howe C.J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPeridinin-containing dinoflagellate algae have a chloroplast genome formed from plasmid-like minicircles. This fragmented genome has allowed us to develop a genetic modification methodology involving the use of biolistics to introduce artificial minicircles inAmphidinium carterae(Nimmo et al., 2019). The previously reported artificial minicircles were based on native minicircles containing either thepsbAoratpBgene. Each artificial minicircle allowed expression of a single selectable marker instead ofpsbAoratpB. Here, we present two further artificial minicircles for use in transformation ofA. carterae. One is based on thepetDminicircle, allowing the expression of a single selectable marker. The second is based on the two-gene minicircle originally containingatpAandpetB, and allows the dual expression of a selectable marker and a gene of interest. Our research suggest that all of the 20 or so minicircles inA. carteraeare suitable for adaptation as artificial minicircles, allowing for the simultaneous introduction of multiple genes.
A receptor tyrosine kinase regulated by the transcription factor VAB-3/PAX6 pairs with a pseudokinase to trigger immune signalling upon oomycete recognition inC. elegans
Authors: Drury Florence , Grover Manish , Hintze Mark , Saunders Jonathan , Fasseas Michael K , Constantinou Charis , Barkoulas Michalis 
Published: December 2022

SummaryOomycetes were recently discovered as natural pathogens ofCaenorhabditis elegansand pathogen recognition alone was shown to be sufficient to activate a protective transcriptional program in the host characterised by the expression of multiplechitinase-like(chil) genes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying oomycete recognition in animals remain fully unknown. We performed here a forward genetic screen to uncover regulators ofchilgene induction and found several independent loss-of-function alleles ofold-1andflor-1,which encode receptor tyrosine kinases belonging to theC. elegans-specific KIN-16 family. We present evidence that OLD-1 is an active kinase mounting the immune response, and FLOR-1 a pseudokinase that is also required for the response and regulates the distribution of OLD-1 at the epidermal membrane. Interestingly, theold-1locus is adjacent to thechilgenes in the nematode genome, thereby revealing a genetic cluster important for oomycete-resistance. Furthermore, we identify the VAB-3/PAX-6 transcription factor known for its role in visual system development to regulateold-1expression, and consequently the spatial pattern of the response to oomycete recognition. Taken together, our study reveals both conserved and species-specific factors shaping the response to oomycete recognition.
Interleukin 31 receptor alpha induces airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma
Authors: Akkenepally Santoshi , Yombo Dan JK , Yerubandi Sanjana , Geereddy Bhanuprakash R. , McCormack Francis X. , Madala Satish K 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTAsthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), inflammation, and goblet cell hyperplasia. Both Th1 and Th2 cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-13 have been shown to induce asthma; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We observed a significant increase in the expression of IL-31RA, but not its cognate ligand IL-31 during house dust mite- andSchistosoma mansonisoluble egg antigen-induced allergic asthma. In support of this, IFN-γ and Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13, upregulated IL-31RA but not IL-31 in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC). Importantly, the loss of IL-31RA attenuated AHR but had no effects on inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia in allergic asthma or mice treated with IL-13 or IFNγ. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that IL-31RA functions as a positive regulator of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 3 (CHRM3) expression and calcium signaling involved in the contractility of ASMC. Together, these results identified a novel role for IL-31RA in ASMC contractility and AHR distinct from airway inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia in asthma.SummaryThe study identified an important role for the IL-31RA-CHRM3 axis in inducing airway hyperresponsiveness with limited changes in inflammation in allergic asthma. IL-31RA, whose expression is regulated by both Th1 and Th2 cytokines, augments the CHRM3-dependent contractility of ASMC and AHR.
A microbial community growth model for dynamic phenotype predictions
Authors: Freiburger Andrew P. , Dewey Jeffrey A. , Foflonker Fatima , Babnigg Gyorgy , Antonopoulos Dionysios A. , Henry Christopher 
Published: December 2022

1AbstractMicrobial communities are increasingly recognized as key drivers in animal health, agricultural productivity, industrial operations, and ecological systems. The abundance of chemical interactions in these complex communities, however, can complicate or evade experimental studies, which hinders basic understanding and limits efforts to rationally design communities for applications in the aforementioned fields. Numerous computational approaches have been proposed to deduce these metabolic interactions – notably including flux balance analysis (FBA) and systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) – yet, these methods either fail to capture the dynamic phenotype expression of community members or lack the abstractions required to fit or explain the diverse experimental omics data that can be acquired today.We therefore developed a dynamic model (CommPhitting) that deduces phenotype abundances and growth kinetics for each community member, concurrent with metabolic concentrations, by coupling flux profiles for each phenotype with experimental growth and -omics data of the community. These data are captured as variables and coefficients within a mixed integer linear optimization problem (MILP) designed to represent the associated biological processes. This problem finds the globally optimized fit to all experimental data of a trial, thereby most accurately computing aspects of the community: (1) species and phenotype abundances over time; (2) a linearized growth kinetic constant for each phenotype; and (3) metabolite concentrations over time. We exemplify CommPhitting by applying it to study batch growth of an idealized two-member community of the model organisms (Escherichia coliandPseudomonas flourescens) that exhibits cross-feeding in maltose media. Measurements of this community from our accompanying experimental studies – including total biomass, species biomass, and metabolite abundances over time – were parameterized into a CommPhitting simulation. The resultant kinetics constants and biomass proportions for each member phenotype would be difficult to ascertain experimentally, yet are important for understanding community responses to environmental perturbations and therefore engineering applications: e.g. for bioproduction. We believe that CommPhitting – which is generalized for a diversity of data types and formats, and is further available and amply documented as a Python API – will augment basic understanding of microbial communities and will accelerate the engineering of synthetic communities for diverse applications in medicine, agriculture, industry, and ecology.
Search for Medical Information and Treatment Options for Musculoskeletal Disorders through an Artificial Intelligence Chatbot: Focusing on Shoulder Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Kim Jun-hee 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence chatbot that processes natural language text learned through reinforcement learning based on the GPT-3.5 architecture, a large-scale language model. Natural language processing models are being used in various fields and are gradually expanding their use in the medical field.PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the medical information and treatment options that ChatGPT can provide for SIS.MethodUsing ChatGPT, which is provided as a free beta test, messages related to SIS were entered, and responses to medical information and treatment options were received and analyzed.ResultChatGPT not only provided answers to the definition, prevalence, and risk factors of SIS, but also symptoms, diseases with similar symptoms, and orthopedic tests according to the messages input. Additionally, a list of treatment options and exercises were provided.ConclusionChatGPT will be able to provide overall useful medical information and treatment options to patients unfamiliar with SIS. However, caution is required as it contains content that may be biased or inappropriate information for patients with SIS. Nevertheless, if natural language processing technology develops further, it is expected to be able to express more detailed medical information and treatment options.
Association of Graph-based Spatial Features with Overall Survival Status of Glioblastoma Patients
Authors: Lee Joonsang , Narang Shivali , Martinez Juan , Rao Ganesh , Rao Arvind 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor with less than 15 months median survival. To aid prognosis, there is a need for decision tools that leverage diagnostic modalities such as MRI to inform survival. In this study, we examine higher-order spatial proximity characteristics from habitats and propose two graph-based methods (minimum spanning tree and graph run-length matrix) to characterize spatial heterogeneity over tumor MRI-derived intensity habitats and assess their relationships with overall survival as well as immune signature status of patients with GBM.Material and methodsA data set of 74 patients was studied based on the availability of post-contrast T1-weighted and T2-weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) image data in The Cancer Image Archive (TCIA). We assessed the predictive value of MST- and GRLM-derived features from 2D images for prediction of 12-month survival status and immune signature status of patients with GBM via a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsFor 12-month survival prediction using MST-based method, sensitivity and specificity were 0.82 and 0.79 respectively. For GRLM-based method, sensitivity and specificity were 0.73 and 0.77 respectively. For immune status, sensitivity and specificity were 0.91 and 0.69, respectively, for the GRLM-based method with an immune effector.ConclusionOur results show that the proposed MST- and GRLM-derived features are predictive of 12-month survival status as well as the immune signature status of patients with GBM. To our knowledge, this is the first application of MST- and GRLM-based proximity analyses for the study of radiologically-defined tumor habitats in GBM.
Understanding the impact of mobility on COVID-19 spread: a hybrid gravity-metapopulation model of COVID-19
Authors: Iyaniwura Sarafa A. , Ringa Notice , Adu Prince A. , Mak Sunny , Janjua Naveed Z. , Irvine Michael A. , Otterstatter Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 started in Wuhan, China, towards the end of 2019 and spread worldwide. The rapid spread of the disease can be attributed to many factors including its high infectiousness and the high rate of human mobility around the world. Although travel/movement restrictions and other non-pharmaceutical interventions aimed at controlling the disease spread were put in place during the early stages of the pandemic, these interventions did not stop COVID-19 spread. To better understand the impact of human mobility on the spread of COVID-19 between regions, we propose a hybrid gravity-metapopulation model of COVID-19. Our model explicitly incorporates time-dependent human mobility into the disease transmission rate, and has the potential to incorporate other factors that affect disease transmission such as facemasks, physical distancing, contact rates, etc. An important feature of this modeling framework is its ability to independently assess the contribution of each factor to disease transmission. Using a Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework, we calibrate our model to the weekly reported cases of COVID-19 in thirteen local health areas in metro Vancouver, British Columbia (BC), Canada, from July 2020 to January 2021. We consider two main scenarios in our model calibration: using a fixed distance matrix and time-dependent weekly mobility matrices. We found that the distance matrix provides a better fit to the data, whilst the mobility matrices have the ability to explain the variance in transmission between regions. This result shows that the mobility data provides more information in terms of disease transmission than the distances between the regions.