bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bupivacaine improves surgical field and postoperative pain control in endoscopic sinus surgery: a clinical trial
Authors: Janakan S. R. , Thakur Jagdeep S. , Azad Ramesh K. , Dadwal Madhuri , Chauhan Gian , Thakur Anamika 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Endoscopic sinus surgery is often challenging because of bleeding and pain. A variety of techniques have been explored to reduce surgical function and pain, with the sphenopalatine ganglion block showing the most promising results. All of these researches, however, had methodological flaws since saline was used as a placebo injection, which could have irritated the ganglion and produced less-than-ideal results, in accordance with our theory.

Aim and objective
To determine the effect of sphenopalatine ganglion block with bupivacaine on intraoperative endoscopic surgical field and postoperative pain.

Patients and methods
A prospective double blind, randomized study was conducted in 50 subjects undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with or without polyp. The case group received 1.5 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine in sphenopalatine ganglion block while control group didn’t receive any drug in ganglion. The intra-operative surgical field grade and postoperative pain score was recorded to analyze the effect of the block.

Results
We discovered a statistically significant difference in the endoscopic surgical field between the case and control groups. In comparison to the control group, the surgical field was more visible in the sphenopalatine ganglion block group. The case group significantly outperformed the control group in terms of pain visual analogue score throughout the observation period, with the exception of the first day following surgery.

Conclusion
Sphenopalatine ganglion block with bupivacaine 0.5% is a straightforward, efficient, and secure way to improve the endoscopic surgical field and lessen postoperative pain in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery.
Effects of semaglutide on body weight in clozapine-treated people with schizophrenia and obesity: study protocol for a placebo-controlled, randomised multicentre trial (COaST)
Authors: Siskind Dan , Baker Andrea , Russell Anthony , Warren Nicola , Robinson Gail , Parker Stephen , Medland Sarah , Kisely Steve , Hager Tineka , Arnautovska Urska 
Published: July 2023

Background
People with schizophrenia die almost 20 years earlier than the general population, most commonly from avertable cardiometabolic disease. Existing pharmacological weight-loss agents including metformin have limited efficacy. Recently available glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) receptor agonists such as semaglutide have shown promise for weight loss but have yet to be trialled in this population.

Aims
To examine the efficacy of semaglutide to ameliorate antipsychotic-induced obesity in people with schizophrenia who have been treated with clozapine for more than 18 weeks.

Method
This is a 36-week, double-blinded, randomised placebo-controlled trial. We will recruit 80 clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, aged 18–64 years, with a baseline body mass index ≥26 kg/m2, who will be randomised to subcutaneous semaglutide of 2.0 mg once a week or placebo for 36 weeks. The primary endpoint will be percentage change in body weight from baseline.

Results
This trial will assess the efficacy and side-effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide on body weight and provide evidence on the possible clinical utility of semaglutide in patients with inadequate response to metformin. The study is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (www.anzctr.org.au) with clinical trial registration number ACTRN12621001539820.

Conclusion
This research could benefit individuals with schizophrenia who experience significant health issues, leading to premature mortality, owing to antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.
Liver Fat, Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue, and Bone Mineral Density in Children With Overweight
Authors: Labayen Idoia , Cadenas-Sánchez Cristina , Idoate Fernando , Medrano María , Tobalina Ignacio , Villanueva Arantxa , Rodríguez-Vigil Beatriz , Álvarez de Eulate Natalia , Osés Maddi , Cabeza Rafael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Context
Hepatic steatosis is associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Bone marrow fat fraction (BMFF) could play a role in this relationship in children with obesity.

Objective
The objectives of this work were (i) to examine the relationship between the lumbar spine (LS) BMFF and BMD, and (ii) to explore the mediating role of LS-BMFF on the relationship between percentage hepatic fat with LS-BMD in preadolescent children with overweight/obesity.

Methods
Hepatic fat and LS-BMFF (magnetic resonance imaging) and areal LS-BMD (LS-aBMD, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) were measured in 106 children (aged 10.6 ± 1.1 years, 53.8% girls) with overweight/obesity.

Results
LS-BMFF was inversely associated with LS-aBMD (r = −0.313; P = .001) and directly related with percentage hepatic fat (r = 0.276; P = .005). LS-BMFF was significantly greater in children with than without hepatic steatosis (P = .003; Cohen's d: 0.61; 95% CI, −0.21 to 1.0), while no significant difference was seen between children with overweight and those with obesity (P = .604; Cohen's d: 0.16; 95% CI, −0.21-0.55). Mediating analysis indicated that LS-BMFF is an important mediator (50%) in the association of hepatic fat with lower LS-aBMD (indirect effect: β = −.076; 95% CI, −0.143 to −0.015).

Conclusion
These findings suggest that hepatic steatosis, rather than overall excess adiposity, is associated with greater bone marrow adipose tissue in preadolescent children with overweight/obesity, which in turn, is related to lower BMD. Hepatic steatosis could be a potential biomarker of osteoporosis risk, and a therapeutic target for interventions that aim to reduce not only hepatic steatosis, but for those designed to improve bone health in such children.
Exposure to Armed Conflict and HIV Risk Among Rwandan Women
Authors: Schmeer Kammi K. , Echave Paola Andrea , Nzitatira Hollie Nyseth 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article focuses on the link between past exposure to violence and a critical public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa: HIV-positive status in women of reproductive age. Specifically, we use biosocial data from the Rwandan Demographic and Health Survey (2005‒2014) to assess how the timing and intensity of women's exposure to the war and genocide in Rwanda (1990‒1994) may be associated with their HIV status. We find significant differences in risk across age cohorts, with the late adolescence cohort (women born in 1970‒1974, who were aged 16‒20 at the start of the conflict) having the highest risk of being HIV positive 10‒20 years after the violence, even after controlling for current socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Women who reported two or more sibling deaths, excluding those related to maternal mortality, during the conflict years also had higher odds of being HIV positive, net of cohort and control variables. Age at first sexual intercourse and number of lifetime sexual partners partially—but not fully—explain the associations between cohort and sibling deaths and HIV. These findings advance research related to armed conflict and population health and indicate that experiencing conflict during key stages of the life course and at higher intensity may affect women's long-term sexual health.
Comparative biology of sleep in diverse animals
Authors: Lakhiani Rhea , Shanavas Sahana , Melnattur Krishna 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Sleep is a familiar, periodic occurrence in our lives. Despite its place in everyday experience, the existence of this suspended state of consciousness has intrigued and puzzled philosophers and scientists for decades. For much of its history, sleep science has focused on humans and mammals. In contrast, in the last 20 years or so, it has become increasingly clear that sleep is essentially universal. Sleep states have been observed in animals from mammals to cnidaria. Here, we review recent progress in sleep science through the lens of comparative physiology. We highlight broad insights into sleep phenomenology, physiology and function that have come from this comparative approach. These include the plasticity of sleep in response to environmental challenges and ecological niches, the discovery of distinct sleep stages in diverse taxa and conserved functions of sleep. Indeed, we argue, a comparative approach is essential to any comprehensive account of sleep.
Analysis of gender differences of the sternum in population of 240 adult patients – original article
Authors: Wokurka Wojciech , Węgrzyniak Agata , Drobek Dominik , Winiarz Aleksandra , Szlendak Paula , Toś Katarzyna , Wojtala Kacper , Turek Michał , Wąsala Katarzyna , Grosman Sylwia 
Published: July 2023

Introduction and purpose: The sternum is one of the bones that build up the anterior chest wall. It consists of three parts: manubrium, body and xiphoid process. It has been observed that this bone exhibits sexual dimorphism, which can be used in many fields of science. The aim of the study was to find morphological parameters showing sexual dimorphism that allow unambiguous sex identification.
Material and method: 240 patients (140 women and 100 men) underwent chest CT and the following measurements were taken: angle of the sternum, length of the manubrium, body and xiphoid process, sum of the length of the manubrium and body, total length of the sternum. The thickness of all three parts of it and the width of the manubrium and body were also measured. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney "U" test. Values of p < 0. 05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: The results of all statistical analyses did not show statistical significance as a basis for the definitive determination of gender. However, some trends between the sexes have been observed, but these cannot be regarded as universal principles of gender identification.
Conclusions: There is a need for further researches on finding metric parameters of the sternum allowing gender identification, carried out on large population groups. To achieve this goal, the results of imaging tests, which are often used in diagnostics, including post-mortem examinations - Vitropsy, may be useful.
Gastrointestinal tract carcinoid with carcinoid syndrome in 63-year-old diver – a case report
Authors: Dominik Hanna , Pawęska Wojciech , Dominik Barbara 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Carcinoid is a tumor that originates from neuroendocrine cells.[1] It was primarily named and described in 1907 by Siegfried Oberndorfer to characterize neoplasms located in GIST with a relatively indolent course.[2] Term “carcinoid” is now used to describe. neuroendocrine neoplasms, a subset of rare tumors, mostly sporadic, which are typically located in gastrointestinal tract but they may also appear beyond it (e.g. in thymus or lungs).[2,3] NET’s are highly differentiated and usually hormonally active. Biochemical proof of their presence can consist of a measurement of the released substances – serotonin, bradykinin, histamine, etc. [3]Carcinoid tumors derive from serotonin-producing enterochromaffin cells.[1] They contain high quantities of tryptophane that is transformed later into serotonin. This biogenic amine is responsible for occurrence of so called- carcinoid syndrome. It manifests with hot flushes, diarrhea, tachycardia, vertigo and excessive sweating.[3] The attacks usually last from 0,5 minutes up to half an hour and they can be triggered by food or alcohol consumption, liver palpation or general anesthesia. Due to excessive serotonin production, long lasting carcinoid might lead to right endocardial fibrosis with tricuspid valve and pulmonary valve dysfunction. [4] Description of the case: The following case describes the clinical history, diagnostic process, imaging studies and treatment applied to 63-year-old male professional diver who was admitted to University Hospital of Zielona Góra with a clinical picture that resembled carcinoid syndrome. The final diagnosis- carcinoid originating from the ileum- was settled after performing multiple studies. The patient was referred to the department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors in Silesian University Center in Katowice. He initiated therapy with Somatuline Autogel. The Tumor Board was conducted in order to determine the optimal treatment for the patient.
effect of uterine artery embolization on fertility preservation in the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids
Authors: Zapała Magdalena , Środoń Agnieszka , Łapaj Monika , Wilk Joanna , Cholewa Małgorzata Maria , Chyćko Małgorzata , Kromer Agata , Cichoń Katarzyna , Gawryś Agnieszka , Czarnota Julia 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors of the uterus. Most often they are asymptomatic, but in their course there may be ailments such as: abnormal bleeding, anaemia, pain, constipation, problems with urination. These tumors are also one of the many causes of infertility. They are most often detected during a standard ultrasound examination. Pharmacological, minimally invasive and surgical treatment is currently available.
Aim: The aim of our study was to review scientific articles in order to demonstrate whether the treatment of uterine fibroids with uterine artery embolization has an impact on fertility and pregnancy outcomes.
Materials and methods: Review of the latest PubMed literature, Google Scholar in the period 2017 - 2023 and evaluation of available randomized controlled trials using uterine artery embolization in terms of fertility preservation by assessing ovarian reserve, number of pregnancies, miscarriages and perinatal complications.
Conclusions: Uterine artery embolization is a safe and effective method in reducing symptoms associated with uterine fibroids. This procedure shortens hospitalization and recovery time compared to myomectomy or hysterectomy. Unfortunately, for women who want children, this method is not recommended due to the risk of reduced ovarian reserve and miscarriage, premature birth, placental abnormality, and severe postpartum hemorrhage.
Summary of hospitalizations related to medicational poisoning groups in a cardiological and toxicological department from 04.2013 to 12.2021
Authors: Zając Marlena , Gruca Dariusz , Wais Marcin , Antoniak Krzysztof , Tchórz Michał 
Published: July 2023

Introduction and purpose: Drug poisoning is one of the more common reasons for patients being hospitalized in toxicology wards. The wide availability and ease of obtaining a wide variety of drugs and supplements are the cause of adverse reactions associated with their use. Increasing life expectancy and emerging chronic diseases also require the use of sometimes many drugs to control people's health. This can lead to poly-pragmasy, which is an undesirable condition and leads to poisoning. The purpose of our work is to demonstrate the most common causes of drug poisoning considering the criterion of division according to ICD-10.

Brief description of the state of knowledge: Any preparation, drug, supplement can cause negative effects on the organism. This depends on the dose, improper use, or cross-reactions of the relevant substances. The study compiled statistics on the cause of hospitalization of drug-poisoned patients based on ICD-10. 5433 patients were included in the study.

Conclusions: Our work shows that the most common causes of hospitalization due to drug poisoning are those caused by antiepileptic drugs, sedative-hypnotics and antiparkinsonism medications. The data compiled in this article agree with scientific reports from different countries compiling the most common reason for hospitalization related to drug poisoning.
Comunicación durante situaciones extraordinarias en quiebra: Cuando las fuentes oficiales mienten y las redes sociales desinforman
Authors: Fernández Alcaide Fernando 
Published: July 2023

Los principios elementales de la comunicación en emergencias se sustentan sobre la verdad, la transparencia y la utilidad. Con los años, la experiencia a la hora de afrontar catástrofes de todo tipo, y en un futuro inmediato, han llevado a enfocar la comunicación de emergencias en la prevención, para hacer frente a los desafíos y promover sociedades más resilientes. Durante una emergencia o una catástrofe, los especialistas colocan a la fuente oficial como portavoz principal para canalizar el mensaje más adecuado en todo momento bajo unas premisas elementales y atendiendo criterios lógicos de liderazgo y de servicio público. Sin embargo, la responsabilidad aplicada al deber de información pública se ve amenazada cuando son los propios líderes quienes mienten. Este artículo pretende exponer la gravedad que —incluso sobre la vida de las personas— llega a suponer este tipo de prácticas y cómo las redes sociales y los portavoces oficiales pueden dejar de ser aliados en emergencias para convertirse en los principales focos de la catástrofe. Mediante una revisión narrativa bibliográfica sobre hechos relevantes, se exploran los riesgos y el alcance de determinadas estrategias de comunicación pública y se establece como objetivo plantear preguntas para posteriores investigaciones.
Scheduling with Testing of Heterogeneous Jobs
Authors: Levi Retsef , Magnanti Thomas , Shaposhnik Yaron 
Published: July 2023

This paper studies a canonical general scheduling model that captures the fundamental trade-off between processing jobs and performing diagnostics (testing). In particular, testing reveals the required processing time and urgency of need-to-schedule jobs to inform future scheduling decisions. The model captures a range of important applications. Prior work focused on special cases (e.g., jobs with independent and identically distributed processing time) to devise optimal policies. In contrast, the current paper studies the most general form of the model and describes two simple heuristics to solve it; adaptive weighted shortest processing time is an adaptive generalization of Smith’s rule that optimally solves several important extensions of previously studied models, whereas index policy optimally solves a closely related stochastic optimization bandit problem. The latter achieves an approximation guarantee that quickly approaches a constant factor that is bounded by two as the number of jobs grows and approaches optimally when the testing time decreases. Extensive numerical experiments suggest that our policies effectively solve the general setting (under 0.1% from optimal on average and under 10% from optimal in rare, worst-case instances). This paper was accepted by Jeannette Song, operations management. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4833 .
Numerical and analytical analysis of an ultrahigh sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor based on a black phosphorene/graphene heterostructure
Authors: Nourizad Abolfazl , Golmohammadi Saeed , Tohidkia Mohammad Reza , Aghanejad Ayuob 
Published: July 2023

In this study, a surface plasmon resonance biosensor using angular interrogation based on a black phosphorene (BP) and graphene (G) heterostructure as two-dimensional materials are designed to enhance the sensitivity of conventional biosensors. The proposed structure is composed of eight layers: FK51A coupling prism, silver (Ag) thin film as the plasmonic metal, gold (Au) nanolayer in a protective role, BP nanosheets as an evanescent field enhancer, G monolayer as an immobilization process facilitator, DNA aptamer as biorecognition element, and phosphate buffered saline as a running buffer and sensing medium. To evaluate the performance of the proposed biosensor, analytical parameters such as minimum reflectivity (Rmin), sensitivity, as well as the full width at half-maximum (FWHM), detection accuracy (DA), and quality factor (QF) are systematically assessed by the use of the transfer matrix method analytically and the finite-difference time-domain method numerically, to validate each other. It is observed that the structure has been optimized with 1.49 (RIU) for the coupling prism and the heterostructure TiO2/Ag/Au/BP/G thicknesses of 65/35/1/3.18/0.34 nm, respectively. It was revealed that the proposed biosensor offered the sensitivity of 356 (°/RIU), QF of 42.4 (RIU−1), Rmin of 0.07 (a.u), FWHM of 8.3 (degree), and DA of 0.22 (unitless) and outperformed those of other results published up to now from the sensitivity point of view.
Low prevalence of current and past SARS-CoV-2 infections among visitors and staff members of homelessness services in Amsterdam at the end of the second wave of infections in the Netherlands
Authors: Generaal Ellen , van Santen D. K. (Daniela) , Campman Sophie L. , Booij Marjolein J. , Price Dylan , Buster Marcel , van Dijk Christa , Boyd Anders , Bruisten Sylvia M. , van Dam Alje P. , van der Lubben Mariken , van Duijnhoven Yvonne T. H. P. , Prins Maria 
Published: July 2023

Background
People experiencing homelessness (PEH) may be at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19. The Dutch government established emergency shelters and introduced preventive measures for homelessness services. There were no major SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks noticed among PEH during the first two waves of infections. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of current and past infections among PEH and staff by conducting an on-site COVID-19 screening project at homelessness services in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Methods
We assessed the proportion of visitors and staff members of four homelessness services at two locations in Amsterdam with positive SARS-CoV-2 qPCR and antibody results (IgG/IgM Rapid Test/Biozek) in May 2021. We also assessed sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle characteristics, compliance with basic prevention measures and intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 among PEH and staff.

Results
A total of 138 visitors and 53 staff members filled out a questionnaire and were tested. Among PEH, the SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate was 0% (0/133;95%CI = 0–1.9) and the antibody positivity rate was 1.6% (2/131;95%CI = 0.8–7.5) among those without prior COVID-19 vaccination. Among staff, these percentages were 3% (1/32;95%CI = 0.1–16.2) and 11% (5/53;95%CI = 3.6–23.6), respectively. Most participants were often compliant with the basic preventive measures ‘not shaking hands’, ‘wearing a face mask’ and ‘washing hands’, but not with ‘physical distancing’. High vaccination intent was more common among staff members (55%) than among visitors (42%), while high trust in the governmental COVID-19 policies was more common among visitors (41%) than among staff (30%).

Conclusions
We observed a low prevalence of past and current SARS-CoV-2 infections among PEH, which may be explained by instated shelter policies, limited daily activities of PEH and compliance with prevention measures. Vaccine hesitancy and mistrust among visitors and staff could hinder vaccination uptake, suggesting that interventions towards homelessness services are needed.