bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to Head-of-Bed Elevation in Traumatic Brain Injury: An Audit
Authors: Chitteti Pragnitha , George Ajish Sam , Nair Shalini , Karuppasamy Reka , Joseph Mathew 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background An important factor affecting the outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the early management of raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Head-of-bed elevation (HBE) is a simple and effective method to reduce ICP and prevent aspiration in head injury.
Methods This audit was carried out in a level one trauma center. All adult TBI patients were included in the study except patients who had relative contraindication to HBE, managed in prone or Trendelenburg position or who were able to be seated themselves. Patients were observed twice daily, to check adherence to HBE. Adequate HBE angle was referred as an angle of 20 to 30 degrees. A digital protractor was used to measure the head-end angle. Following the first audit cycle, after discussion with nursing staff, a bedside checklist was formulated and two postintervention audit cycles were carried out.
Results The first cycle showed that 40.35% of patients had inadequate HBE. Following implementation of the checklist, this percentage dropped to 11.27 and 7.5% in the second and third cycles, respectively. Agitation (p-value = 0.038) and Glasgow coma scale at admission (p-value = 0.028) were found to be confounders for adherence to HBE.
Conclusion Agitation among mild and moderate TBI patients contributed to noncompliance for HBE. There was an increasing trend in adherence to maintaining adequate HBE following the use of a bedside checklist. Sustainability of improvement was confirmed with third audit cycle.
A Novel Homozygous Splice Site Variant in AIMP1 Gene Causing Hypomyelinating Leukodystrophy: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Quental Rita , Sampaio Mafalda , Alonso Isabel , Quental Sofia , Leão Miguel , Sousa Raquel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground Biallelic pathogenic variants in AIMP1 gene cause hypomyelinating leukodystrophy type 3, a severe neurodegenerative disorder with early onset characterized by microcephaly, axial hypotonia, epilepsy, spasticity, and developmental delay.Methods Clinical exome sequence was performed on patient's DNA and Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the candidate variant. To better characterize the effect of the genetic variant, functional analysis based on Sanger sequencing of the proband's complementary DNA (cDNA) was performed.Results We report a case of 2-year-old girl with microcephaly, significant global developmental delay, refractory epilepsy, flaccid paralysis, hypomyelination, leukodystrophy, and cerebral atrophy on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Clinical exome sequencing revealed a novel splice site variant c.603 + 1G > A in homozygosity in the AIMP1 gene. Studies on patient's cDNA showed that the variant disrupts the canonical donor splice site of intron 5, with the recognition of a cryptic splice site within exon 5, leading to the skipping of the last 24 nucleotides of this exon together with the flanking intron. This alteration is predicted to cause an in-frame deletion of eight amino acids (p.Val194_Gln201del) belonging to the tRNA-biding domain of the protein.Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a splice site variant in the AIMP1 gene causing hypomyelinating leukodystrophy. The description of this patient not only expands the mutational spectrum of AIMP1 but also provides deeper insights on genotype–phenotype correlation by comparing the clinical features of our patient with previously reported affected individuals.
Performance of Phenotypic Tests to Detect β-Lactamases in a Population of β-Lactamase Coproducing Enterobacteriaceae Isolates
Authors: Perera Vindya , Silva Nelun de , Jayatilleke Kushlani , Silva Sara de , Corea Enoka 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the performance of routinely used phenotypic tests to detect β-lactamase production in isolates coproducing multiple β-lactamase types.
Methods Commonly used phenotypic tests for the detection of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), AmpC β-lactamase, and carbapenemases were compared with detection and sequencing of β-lactamase genes (as the reference test) in 176 uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae coproducing multiple β-lactamases from two hospitals in the Western Province of Sri Lanka.
Results Majority of the isolates (147/176, 83.5%) carried β-lactamase genes with (90/147, 61%) harboring multiple genes. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute screening method using cefotaxime (sensitivity [Se], 97; specificity [Sp], 93; accuracy [Ac], 94) and ceftriaxone (Se, 97; Sp, 91; Ac, 93) was the most effective to detect ESBLs. The modified double disc synergy test (Se, 98; Sp, 98; Ac, 97) and combined disc test (Se, 94; Sp, 98; Ac, 96) showed good specificity for confirmation of ESBLs. Cefoxitin resistance (Se, 97; Sp, 73; Ac, 85) and the AmpC disc test (Se, 96; Sp, 82; Ac, 86) were sensitive to detect AmpC β-lactamase producers coproducing other β-lactamases but showed low specificity, probably due to coproduction of carbapenemases. Meropenem was useful to screen for New Delhi metallo β-lactamases and OXA-48-like carbapenemases (Se, 97; Sp, 96; Ac, 96). The modified carbapenem inactivation method showed excellent performance (Se, 97; Sp, 98; Ac, 97) in identifying production of both types of carbapenemases and was able to distinguish this from carbapenem resistance due to potential mutations in the porin gene.
Conclusion Microbiology laboratories that are still depend on phenotypic tests should utilize tests that are compatible with the types of β-lactamase prevalent in the region and those that are least affected by coexisting resistance mechanisms.
Automated Detection of Lesions in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury using Brain CT Images: Concept Note and Proposed Method
Authors: Agrawal Amit , Mishra Rakesh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAccurate and early interpretation of CT scan images in TBI patients reduces the critical time for diagnosis and management. As mentioned in other studies, automated CT interpretation using the feature extraction method is a rapid and accurate tool. Despite several studies on the machine and deep learning employing algorithms for automated CT interpretations, it has its challenges. This study presents a concept note and proposes a feature-based computer-aided diagnostic method to perform automated CT interpretation in TBI. The method consists of preprocessing, segmentation, and extraction. We have described a simple way of classifying the CT scan head into five circumferential zones in this method. The zones are identified quickly based on the anatomic characteristics and specific pathologies that affect each zone. Then, we have provided an overview of different pathologies affecting each of these zones. Utilizing these zones for automated CT interpretation will also be a helpful resource for concerned physicians during the odd and rush hours.
Comparison of Disk Diffusion and Agar Dilution Method for the Detection of Mupirocin Resistance in Staphylococcal Isolates from Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Authors: Shivanna Vijaya , Dasegowda Venkatesha 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Aims and Objectives Mupirocin is a widely used topical antibiotic for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. This has resulted in resistance leading to treatment failure. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of mupirocin resistance among staphylococcal isolates obtained from the skin and soft tissue infections. Also, comparison of disc diffusion and agar dilution method in detecting mupirocin resistance was done.
Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology of a tertiary health care center in Karnataka from January to December, 2018. Clinical samples such as wound swabs, tissues, and pus were included in the study. All staphylococcal isolates were screened for mupirocin resistance using 5 µg and 200 µg discs for low-level (MuL) and high-level mupirocin resistance (MuH), respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the agar dilution method.
Results Out of 100 staphylococcal isolates, 68 were Staphylococcus aureus and 32 were CoNS. MuH was detected in 11 isolates. MuH was more common in CoNS (10/11) compared with S. aureus (1/11). MuL was not found in the study.
Discussion In our study, 10 out of 11 mupirocin-resistant isolates were methicillin resistant, which is statistically significant (p < 0.05). The correlation between results of disc diffusion and MIC were appropriate in this study.
Conclusion Judicial prescription of mupirocin after knowing the susceptibility report should become the standard practice. Screening for mupirocin resistance can be done by disc diffusion in resource-limited settings.
Outcomes of Evacuating Subacute Extradural Hematoma Through a Minicraniectomy: A 5-Year Study
Authors: Usman Babagana , Mohammed Babagana , Daibu Usman 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background Extradural hematoma (EDH) is a hematoma between the dura and the inner surface of the skull, found in 1 to 3% of all head-injured patients, rising to 9% among the unconscious ones. It is said to be subacute when about 2 to 4 days old. Further enlargement of the burr hole to about 3 to 5 cm wide (minicraniectomy) may allow its total evacuation.
Objective To recommend it as a treatment option, this study aims to evaluate the surgical outcomes of evacuating a subacute EDH through a minicraniectomy.
Method This was a 5-year prospective study in a Nigerian tertiary health institution.
Results In total, 108 patients, consisting of 96 males and 12 females with a male to female ratio of 8:1 were included. Their ages ranged from 10 to 69 years. Etiologies were road traffic accident (RTA, 73.2%), assault (18.5%), and falls (8.3%). Hematoma ages were 2 days (61.1%), 3 days (25%), 4 days (13.9%). GCS were mild (11%), moderate (56%), and severe (33%). Locations were right-sided (59.3%), left-sided (40.7%) with 73.1% in parietotemporal area. Active bleeding was encountered in 15% only. Postoperative complications were seizure (13.9%), death (12%), and surgical site infection (4.6%) among others. Outcomes at 2 weeks were good (83, 76.9%), moderate disability (12, 11.1%), severe disability (10, 9.3%), vegetative (1, 0.9%), and death (2, 1.9%).
Conclusion Considering the significant morbidity and mortality and the need for urgent interventions in EDH, most patients presenting in the subacute acute (2–4 days) stage can be evacuated via a minicraniectomy with good outcomes.
Sign reversal in anomalous Hall effect at two Sn compositions in Mn4−xSnxN films on MgO(001) substrates
Authors: Yasuda Tomohiro , Komori Taro , Hirose Taku , Horiuchi Takumi , Toko Kaoru , Suemasu Takashi 
Published: January 2023

Rare-earth-free Mn4N has attracted increasing attention as a spintronic material thanks to its ferrimagnetism, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, and controllability of magnetic properties by partial replacement of Mn atoms with other elements. Here, we grew ∼25-nm-thick Mn4−xSnxN epitaxial films (x = 0–1.4) on MgO(001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy and investigated their lattice constants and magneto-transport properties. The ratio of the out-of-plane lattice constant c to the in-plane lattice constant a in the Mn4−xSnxN films, c/a, was less than 1 for x &lt; 0.9, but it changed to more than 1 for x = 1.0. Amazingly, the sign of the anomalous Hall effect changed twice with increasing x. These results suggest that the magnetic structure of the Mn4−xSnxN films varies with Sn composition. Possible mechanisms of the magnetic structure change include magnetic compensation, ferrimagnetic–ferromagnetic phase transition, and the formation of noncollinear magnetic structures.
Propagating spatiotemporal activity patterns across macaque motor cortex carry kinematic information
Authors: Liang Wei , Balasubramanian Karthikeyan , Papadourakis Vasileios , Hatsopoulos Nicholas G. 
Published: January 2023

Propagating spatiotemporal neural patterns are widely evident across sensory, motor, and association cortical areas. However, it remains unclear whether any characteristics of neural propagation carry information about specific behavioral details. Here, we provide the first evidence for a link between the direction of cortical propagation and specific behavioral features of an upcoming movement on a trial-by-trial basis. We recorded local field potentials (LFPs) from multielectrode arrays implanted in the primary motor cortex of two rhesus macaque monkeys while they performed a 2D reach task. Propagating patterns were extracted from the information-rich high-gamma band (200 to 400 Hz) envelopes in the LFP amplitude. We found that the exact direction of propagating patterns varied systematically according to initial movement direction, enabling kinematic predictions. Furthermore, characteristics of these propagation patterns provided additional predictive capability beyond the LFP amplitude themselves, which suggests the value of including mesoscopic spatiotemporal characteristics in refining brain–machine interfaces.
The effect of temperature on the coefficient of elasticity of a spring: construction of a device for its determination and calculation of its internal energy as a training practice
Authors: Salomone Horacio D , Cyrulies Ernesto 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
An experimental work carried out within the framework of research on the development of devices for teacher training in physics at the National University of General Sarmiento is presented. The device allows the determination of the coefficient of elasticity ‘K’ of a metallic spring when its temperature is modified. The variation of the coefficient has as a direct consequence a variation in the internal energy. It is established, from the theoretical model, the way to calculate it. Finally, the construction of the device used is described and the results obtained are presented.
Electron–positron pair creation from the vacuum by the Feshbach resonance
Authors: Zhou X X , Li C K , Cao X N , Fu M , Lin N S , Li Y J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Electron–positron pair (EPP) creation under Gaussian and super-Gaussian potential wells is studied using the computational quantum field theory. We find that the EPP creation rate decreases, while the positron spectra have better monochromaticity when the potential well is wider and gentler. The phenomenon is explained by the Feshbach resonance using the complex scaling method. The width of the Feshbach resonance is narrower in the wider and gentler potential well, and the narrower Feshbach resonance can lead to a lower creation rate and better energy monochromaticity. This study indicates that the width of the Feshbach resonance plays an important role in the EPP creation, and the Gaussian-type potential well has an advantage in tuning the Feshbach resonance width.
Cavitation state recognition for control valve using AlexNet-type neural networks with three-channel images transformed by time series
Authors: Wei Jianqiu , Liu Xiumei , Li Beibei , Zhang Yujia , Shang Ximing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The control valve is a crucial component with high switching frequency in coal liquefaction systems. Its performance exerts a great influence on the long-term operations in the coal chemical technology. Cavitation is a key factor affecting the control accuracy and surface morphology of the control valve; hence, it will further shorten the service life of the control valve. A cavitation state recognition model based on vibration acceleration time series is proposed in this paper, and the cavitation stage in the valve is identified accurately. Three vibration acceleration sensors are attached to the valve seat to measure cavitation-induced vibration data. The collected time series is divided into fragments based on the non-overlap moving window method, and these fragments are converted into feature maps using the Gramian angular field transform. These feature maps are then input into AlexNet to train the cavitation state recognition model. The experimental results show that recognition accuracy could be improved effectively upon the increase in the length of the time series fragment, and the proposed model has a similar prediction accuracy on unfamiliar datasets. Compared with no noise, the recognition accuracy could reach to 95% when the moving window length is 150 and the signal-to-noise ratio is equal to 5 dB. Furthermore, the proposed model could still achieve good recognition results under mixed open conditions.
Leak detection method for the jet fuel pipeline based on IUPEMD and DTWSVM
Authors: Zhu Yongqiang , Lang Xianming , Cai Zefeng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Jet fuel pipeline leakage will cause environmental pollution and safety-related accidents; therefore, the leak detection of jet fuel pipeline is a crucial for pipeline management. Compared with negative pressure waves, acoustic waves exhibit better attenuation resistance and longer propagation distance. However, acoustic waves are easily disturbed by noise, causing the acoustic signals to mix with a large amount of noise and reducing the detection system’s accuracy to identify pipeline leaks. An improved uniform phase empirical mode decomposition (IUPEMD) denoising method is proposed in this paper. Compared with other denoising methods, intrinsic modal functions with more leakage information can be selected according to the similarity coefficient for signal reconstruction. The reconstructed signal retains the leak information to a greater extent, making the noise content extremely low, which can effectively improve the leak identification accuracy of the leak detection system. To accurately determine the leakage of pipeline and solve the problem of low accuracy of recognition model, this paper establishes a deep learning twin support vector machine (DTWSVM) for identifying the state of pipeline based on deep learning and twin support vector machine, which can automatically extract the leakage feature information and accurately determine the leakage of pipeline based on the feature information. The experimental analysis demonstrates that the IUPEMD denoising method can effectively filter the noise in the signal. The DTWSVM model showed very high recognition accuracy, and its leakage recognition accuracy can reach 99.6%.
Probing interlayer van der Waals strengths of two-dimensional surfaces and defects, through STM tip-induced elastic deformations
Authors: Sarkar N , Bandaru P R , Dynes R C 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A methodology to test the interlayer bonding strength of two-dimensional (2D) surfaces and associated one (1D)- and two (2D)- dimensional surface defects using scanning tunneling microscope tip-induced deformation, is demonstrated. Surface elastic deformation characteristics of soft 2D monatomic sheets of graphene and graphite in contrast to NbSe2 indicates related association with the underlying local bonding configurations. Surface deformation of 2D graphitic moiré patterns reveal the inter-layer van der Waals strength varying across its domains. These results help in the understanding of the comparable interlayer bonding strength of 1D grain boundary as well as the grains. Anomalous phenomena related to probing 2D materials at small gap distances as a function of strain is discussed.
Operational space and performance limiting events in the first physics campaign of MAST-U
Authors: Berkery J W , Sabbagh S A , Kogan L , Gibson S , Ryan D , Zamkovska V , Butt J , Harrison J , Henderson S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The MAST-U fusion plasma research device, an upgrade to the Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak, has recently completed its first campaign of physics operation. MAST-U operated with Ohmic, or one or two neutral beams for heating, at 400–800 kA plasma current, in conventional or ‘SuperX’ divertor configurations. Equilibrium reconstructions provide key plasma physics parameters vs. time for each discharge, and diagrams are produced which show where the prevalence of operation occurs as well as the limits in various operational spaces. When compared to stability limits, the operation of MAST-U so far has generally stayed out of the low q, low density instability region, and below the high density Greenwald limit, high beta global stability limit, and high elongation vertical stability limit. MAST-U still has the potential to reach higher elongation, which could benefit the plasma performance. Despite the majority of operations happening below established stability limits, disruptions do occur in the flat-top phase of MAST-U plasmas. The reasons for these disruptions are highlighted, and possible strategies to avoid them and to extend the operational space of MAST-U in future campaigns are discussed.
Intelligent recognition and location of the edge coherence mode in EAST
Authors: Liu Xiaotao , Liu Ying , Ye Yang , Zhou Jijun , Liao Shengdi , Liu Chen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the study of multiple pedestal coherent modes in EAST, the high-precision intelligent recognition and location of the edge coherent modes (ECM) is a very meaningful work. In this study, a convolutional neural network (CNN) feature extraction model based on the attention mechanism was constructed to classify and localize the ECM in the EAST experiment. The classifier identified ECM on the test dataset with an accuracy of 0.970; the localizer detected the ECM with an average precision (AP) of 0.956. In addition, we found a strong correlation between the stored energy and current in plasma and the excitation of the ECM during EAST discharge; the triangularity may affect the relative amplitude of the ECM.
Universal conductance fluctuations in a Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.8Se1.2 topological insulator nano-scaled Hall bar structure
Authors: Zimmermann Erik , Kölzer Jonas , Schleenvoigt Michael , Rosenbach Daniel , Mussler Gregor , Schüffelgen Peter , Heider Tristan , Plucinski Lukasz , Schubert Jürgen , Lüth Hans , Grützmacher Detlev , Schäpers Thomas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We present low-temperature magnetotransport measurements characterizing the promising quaternary Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.8Se1.2 topological insulator material. The measurements performed on a nano-Hall bar grown by selective-area molecular beam epitaxy revealed pronounced universal conductance fluctuations. It is shown that these fluctuations originate from phase-coherent loops within the topologically protected surface states. Furthermore, the decay of the fluctuation amplitude with increasing temperatures suggests a quasi one-dimensional transport regime.
Picosecond random Raman lasing in the spectral range of 360–630 nm using powders of potassium, sodium and strontium nitrates
Authors: Yu Pyatyshev A , Skrabatun A V , Vodchits A I , Larkina A V , Khodasevich I A , Orlovich V A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) of picosecond laser radiation at 532 and 355 nm in microcrystalline powders of potassium, sodium, and strontium nitrates has been studied. One anti-Stokes and three Stokes components were generated in all samples when pumping at 532 nm. For the first time to our knowledge, random Raman lasing in the used nitrates has been obtained upon their excitation at 355 nm. In this case, the multifrequency Stokes SRS is also observed in all nitrates. We have analyzed all possible loss channels when ultraviolet radiation is used for excitation of SRS. In general, picosecond random SRS generation has been obtained at 19 spectral lines in the spectral range of 360–630 nm. In all cases, the SRS process is due to the internal symmetric mode of the (NO3)− ion with the frequency shifts of 1050 cm−1 (KNO3), 1069 cm−1 (NaNO3), and 1057 cm−1 (Sr(NO3)2).