bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative complications and secondary retethering after pediatric tethered cord release surgery
Authors: Pan James , Boop Scott H. , Barber Jason K. , Susarla Srinivas M. , Durfy Sharon , Ojemann Jeffrey G. , Goldstein Hannah E. , Lee Amy , Browd Samuel , Ellenbogen Richard G. , Hauptman Jason S. 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE
Tethered cord syndrome refers to a constellation of symptoms characterized by neurological, musculoskeletal, and urinary symptoms, caused by traction on the spinal cord, which can be secondary to various etiologies. Surgical management of simple tethered cord etiologies (e.g., fatty filum) typically consists of a single-level lumbar laminectomy, intradural exploration, and coagulation and sectioning of the filum. More complex etiologies such as lipomyelomeningoceles or scar formation after myelomeningocele repair involve complex dissection and dural reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate operative complications and long-term outcomes of secondary retethering related to pediatric tethered cord release (TCR) at a tertiary children’s hospital.

METHODS
Medical records of children who underwent surgery for TCR from July 2014 to March 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Data collected included demographics, perioperative characteristics, surgical technique, and follow-up duration. Primary outcomes were 60-day postoperative complications and secondary retethering requiring repeat TCR surgery. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors associated with complications and secondary retethering.

RESULTS
A total of 363 TCR surgeries (146 simple, 217 complex) in 340 patients were identified. The mean follow-up was 442.8 ± 662.2 days for simple TCRs and 733.9 ± 750.3 days for complex TCRs. The adjusted 60-day complication-free survival rate was 96.3% (95% CI 91.3%–98.4%) for simple TCRs and 88.7% (95% CI 82.3%–91.4%) for complex TCRs. Lower weight, shorter surgical times, and intensive care unit admission were associated with complications for simple TCRs. Soft-tissue drains increased complications for complex TCRs. The secondary retethering rates were 1.4% for simple TCRs and 11.9% for complex TCRs. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year progression-free survival rates in complex cases were 94.7% (95% CI 89.1%–97.4%), 77.7% (95% CI 67.3%–85.3%), and 62.6% (95% CI 46.5%–75.1%), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that prior detethering (OR 8.15, 95% CI 2.33–28.50; p = 0.001) and use of the operative laser (OR 10.43, 95% CI 1.36–80.26; p = 0.024) were independently associated with secondary retethering in complex cases.

CONCLUSIONS
This is the largest series to date examining postoperative complications and long-term secondary retethering in TCR surgery. Simple TCR surgeries demonstrated safety, rare complications, and low secondary retethering rates. Complex TCR surgeries presented higher risks of complications and secondary retethering. Modifiable risk factors such as operative laser use influenced secondary retethering in complex cases.
Transformasi Rezim Internasional: Kasus International Whaling Commission dalam Menghentikan Perburuan Ikan Paus
Authors: Rahmarilla Mawaddah Dhuha , Rijal Najamuddin Khairur , Rosyida Hamdan Nafiatur 
Published: August 2023

This study analyzes why international regimes are undergoing transformation, with a study on the transformation of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) in stopping whaling. There has been a development of the focus and objectives of the IWC which has caused the IWC to transform from a whaling regulatory regime to a whale conservation regime. The theoretical foundation of Oran R. Young is used to identify the factors that lead to regime transformation, which include Internal Contradiction, Underlying Structure of Power, and Exogenous Forces. The research method used is qualitative-descriptive. Data collection techniques used literature studies obtained through organizational documents, journal articles, research results, and information from the media. The results show that the transformation of the IWC from a regime that regulates whaling to a regime of whale conservation is influenced by several things that are constantly running such as the implementation of a moratorium on commercial whaling, the dominance and influence of anti-poaching states in IWC policies, polarization of IWC membership, and pressure from environmental-based organizations.

Penelitian ini menganalisis mengapa rezim internasional mengalami transformasi, dengan studi pada transformasi International Whaling Commission (IWC) dalam menghentikan perburuan paus. Dalam perjalanannya, telah terjadi perkembangan fokus dan tujuan IWC yang menyebabkan IWC bertransformasi dari rezim pengatur perburuan paus menjadi rezim konservasi paus. Landasan teori dari Oran R. Young digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan transformasi rezim, yang meliputi kontradiksi internal, pergeseran struktur kekuasaan, dan kekuatan eksternal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif-deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi kepustakaan yang diperoleh melalui dokumen organisasi, artikel jurnal, hasil penelitian, maupun informasi dari media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transformasi IWC dari rezim yang mengatur perburuan paus menjadi rezim konservasi paus dipengaruhi oleh beberapa hal yang berjalan konstan seperti implementasi moratorium perburuan paus komersial, dominasi dan pengaruh negara anti perburuan dalam kebijakan IWC, polarisasi keanggotaan IWC, serta tekanan dari organisasi berbasis lingkungan.
Взаємозв’язок різних триместрів вагітності і ризику COVID-19
Authors: Shumilina Tetiana , Tsmur Olga 
Published: August 2023

у статті узагальнено питання в рамках наукової дискусії щодо взаємозв’язку різних триместрів вагітності і ризику COVID-19. Основна мета цього дослідження це оцінка впливу ризику COVID-19 від часу зараження, а саме від різних триместрів, зрозуміти ризики ускладнень на різних термінах вагітності, оцінити вплив триместру інфікування COVID-19 на прогресування захворювання, визначити чи збільшується частота прогресування захворювання COVID-19 зі збільшенням терміну вагітності. Завдяки детальному вивченню літературних джерел, їхній систематизації та підходів до вирішення проблеми, було виявлено, що спалах пандемії COVID-19 у США призвів до понад 97 мільйонів заражень і понад 1,06 мільйона смертей. Зареєстровано приблизно 182 000 випадків захворювання серед вагітних жінок, і 285 випадків материнської смерті. Нормальна вагітність в основному пов'язана зі зниженням функціональної залишкової ємності легень на 20-30 % і збільшенням споживання кисню на 20 %. В результаті інфекції нижніх дихальних шляхів погано переносяться, особливо в третьому триместрі. Актуальність дослідження даної патології полягає в тому, що вагітні мають вищий ризик інфікування коронавірусом 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) у важкій або критичній формі порівняно з жінками того ж віку. Крім того, ця невідповідність посилилася під час сплеску варіанту Дельта. Підвищений ризик несприятливих наслідків для новонароджених і матерів пов’язаний із тяжким перебігом COVID-19 під час вагітності. Однак мало відомо про вплив часу зараження під час вагітності на такі ризики, тому це може призвести до помилок у лікуванні таких вагітних, що перешкоджає своєчасному, правильному лікуванню і профілактиці. У дослідженні використано методи бібліографічного та контент-аналізу літератури, порівняльного підходу та синтезу, а також семантичного групування відносно особливостей взаємозв’язку різних триместрів вагітності і ризику COVID-19. Усі документи, знайдені на різноманітних офіційних веб-сайтах були проаналізовані, а зібрану інформацію порівняли і згрупували. В статті наведено результати досліджень, які показали, що частота прогресування захворювання COVID-19 не відрізняється від триместру діагностики. Захворювання середнього, важкого або критичного ступеня розвивається майже у 10% вагітних, інфікованих вірусом SARS-CoV-2. Ці результати підкреслюють важливість профілактичних заходів, включаючи вакцинацію проти COVID-19 до або якомога раніше під час вагітності. Оскільки рівень вакцинації серед вагітних зростає, необхідні подальші дослідження, щоб зрозуміти прогресування захворювання. Подібним чином тяжкість захворювання та прогресування слід вивчати далі в умовах розвитку медичної терапії та еволюції нових варіантів SARS-CoV-2 і рецидивуючої інфекції. Тому необхідно й надалі досліджувати це питання, щоб отримати дані, орієнтовані на пацієнта та економічну ефективність. Результати даного дослідження можуть бути цікавими для лікарів первинної ланки, гінекологів та терапевтів
Symbiosis as a method in architectural morphology in the beginning of the ХХІ century
Authors: Sharovatov Valentyn 
Published: August 2023

This article explores the processes of form making, which relate to the design of the overall shape and mass, volume of a building or group of buildings, usually carried out in the early stages of the architectural design process. They involve the creation of physical or digital models that are used to explore different options for forming and iterations of them. Architects use a number of specific form making techniques, which are divided into types and subtypes according to their building properties. This paper aims to study the concept of building form creation based on biological principles of forming and interaction between certain morphological types: commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism. The search for forms in architecture is a process of research and identification of the most suitable form for a building or structure, taking into account functional, aesthetic and environmental requirements. It is an iterative process that involves the analysis and synthesis of information from various sources, including context, program requirements. The theory of architectural morphology includes the concepts of commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism as methods of finding form.
Biological analogues in architectural form-making reflect the idea of using biological principles and mechanisms to create new methods of design and form-making. One such method is symbiotic architecture, a design concept based on the idea of a mutually beneficial interaction between buildings and their environment. This concept is based on the idea of symbiosis, where different organisms work together and benefit from each other.
In the context of formwork, symbiotic architecture can take many forms and manifest itself in different aspects of formwork design. In this work, the main attention is paid to the form-forming aspect of design.
INTEGRATED RESIDENTIAL AND COMMUNITY COMPLEXES OF MEDIUM FLOORS
Authors: Korobko Katerina 
Published: August 2023

Setting the problem - designing the construction objects of the centers of small towns and historical areas is problematic because their construction must accommodate residential and public functions at the same time. The complexity of their integration implies the search and use of special techniques.
Publications on integrated residential and community centers cover different stages of design, starting with the study of traditional medieval cities, ending with more recent examples of urban center formation, especially in areas with regulated building heights.
The article examines the peculiarities of the architectural and planning organization of housing depending on the component of social tasks of the territory, and options for solving the problems related to this.
The purpose of the article is to identify trends and define approaches to the formation of integrated residential and public complexes of average storeys.
It was revealed that as a result of changes in the way of life of people, as a result of various types of disasters, a large percentage of qualified workers began to prefer working at home or within walking distance to housing. The need for housing that can provide freedom and flexibility in the life schedule began to appear.
The expediency of combining two environments with different purposes is substantiated and the factors of mutual influence are taken into account. The international and national experience was analyzed, differences in the architectural and planning organization of integrated medium-story housing were revealed.
It is proposed to consider housing as a complex that can satisfy various needs of a person and raise his standard of living, provide social services, security, leisure and health care facilities.
It was found that the determined trend is becoming relevant at this time and for the coming years. Further research should clarify the methods of architectural and planning organization of such buildings.
PROTECTION OF CIVILIAN POPULATION IN PUBLIC TERRITORY
Authors: Zhydkova Tetyana , Hleba Viktor , Chepurna Svіtlana 
Published: August 2023

In the conditions of modern war, the protection of the civilian population has become the biggest problem. Contrary to all the rules of warfare, the enemy's main goal is not victory on the battlefield, but the destruction of the entire population of Ukraine. To do this, rocket strikes are carried out at night against residential buildings and during the day at places of population concentration in the territory of cities. Shelters on the territory of cities are not provided for in the legislative and regulatory documentation. In these conditions, the city authorities of many cities in Ukraine took responsibility for people's lives. Within the limits of their authority, representatives of the city government and public organizations made significant efforts to ensure the protection of citizens in parks and squares, at public transport stops, and in children's playgrounds. The existing condition of the shelters installed at public transport stops in the cities of Ukraine, their structural and operational properties were analysed. The analysis of the existing shelters showed that to provide protection against small arms, missile fragments and air waves, the original shelters are quite suitable, but none of the structures that should become protection for citizens, first for the less mobile part of society, does not meet the requirements of accessibility Unprofessionalism of designers, lack of regulatory documentation, failure to take into account operating conditions eventually led to the gradual transformation of these shelters into public toilets and places for homeless people to sleep. The planning properties of a typical shelter project were analysed, non-compliance with accessibility conditions was pointed out, and the correction of design decisions was suggested. Changes are proposed to ensure the availability of shelters and their intended use; namely, the blocking of the specified buildings with trade and public catering establishments and public toilets.
THE INFLUENCE OF PARAMETERS OF EARTHMOVING MACHINES ON THE DESIGN SOLUTIONS OF BARRETTE PILES
Authors: Makhynia Oleksandr , Yaremko Nazar 
Published: August 2023

The article deals with the analysis of publications on the arrangement of barrette foundations. It indicates that the bearing capacity of a barrette is determined mainly by the resistance behind its lateral surface, and if it is larger, maybe, it will increase the bearing capacity of the barrette. The use of barrettes with a cross-sectional shape is more relevant than rectangular (square) one. Nowadays, rectangular (square), X-shaped, T-shaped, L-shaped, H-shaped, Y-shaped and C-shaped barrettes can be used in construction. The geometric dimensions of the barrettes depend on the size of a grab unit or a milling unit. A theoretical study of the parameters of the most common types of earthmoving machines, namely a hydraulic grab and a hydromill, was carried out. The technical characteristics of hydraulic grabbers were analyzed: KHD series (CASAGRANDE S.P.A.), GB series (BAUER Maschinen GmbH), HSG series (LIEBHERR Maschinen GmbH), GH series (SOILMEC S. P.A.) and technical characteristics of hydromills: FD series (CASAGRANDE S.P.A.), BC series (BAUER Maschinen GmbH), LSC series (LIEBHERR Maschinen GmbH), SH series (SOILMEC S.P.A.). The intervals of variations were determined in the geometric dimensions of a single gripper, which is arranged with the help of a grab unit and milling unit. It allowed to determine the possible variations in the geometric dimensions of rectangular (square), X-shaped, T-shaped, L-shaped, H-shaped, Y-shaped, and C-shaped barrettes with cross-sectional dimensions. According to the obtained results, the width of a separate linear element of the barrette can vary from 420 to 1800 mm during the use of a grab unit and from 64 to 2000 mm during the use of a milling unit. The length of a single line element of barrette can vary from 2200 mm to 4200 mm during the use of a grab unit and from 2200 mm to 3200 mm during the use of a milling unit. The obtained results will allow to optimize the design process of barrette foundations and avoid additional specification of their dimensions at the installation stage.
Pengaruh Jenis Sawi Terhadap Produksi
Authors: Samudi Samudi 
Published: August 2023

Budidaya komoditas hortikultura pertanian merupakan salah satu usaha yang memiliki prospek ekonomi yang menjanjikan. Nutrisi AB mix adalah pupuk atau nutrisi yang terdiri dari unsur mikro dan makro, dalam formula secara umum yang terdiri dari 12 unsur yaitu : Mikro : Fe, Mn, Cu, B, Zn, Mo dan Makro : N, Ca, K, Mg, S, P. Karena Beranekaragamnya jenis sawi maupun nutrisi racik AB mix maka perlu dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis sawi terhadap produksi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Banjarejo Kec. Ngadiluwih Kab. Kediri tepatnya lokasi greenhouse pokmas parasku hijau. Waktu yang diperlukan untuk penelitian selama 45 hari pada bulan Januari – Februari 2022. Terdapat pengaruh sangat nyata pada perlakuan tunggal macam nutrisi ab mix (N3) dengan nama nutrisi ab mix premium grade mampu memberikan hasil produksi bobot segar terbaik
SPECIAL AND DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT (SDT) IN THE WTO AGREEMENTS: A RULE-BASED APPROACH
Authors: Ine Maulia Martwenty 
Published: August 2023

Members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) hold varying opinions regarding the status of developing countries as WTO members and Special and Differential Treatment (SDT), which reflects various perspectives on what constitutes fair treatment in the WTO. These discrepancies have now became more noticeable, which presents a problem for the organization. The definition of a developing country member, graduation, the efficacy of SDT, and technical support and capacity building have all been complicated topics explored in SDT discussions. Some of the WTO develop country members have suggested modifying the definition of developing country in regard to the Special and Differential Treatment (SDT) in the WTO agreements using a political and economic perspective. As the forum for negotiating agreements aimed at reducing barriers to international trade and ensuring a level playing field for all, the World Trade Organization (WTO) must be able to contribute to economic growth and development regardless of a country member's constitutional or socioeconomic structure, as well as foster peaceful cooperation among nations. The initiative of these members must, of course, be supported by the WTO, which role as the guarantor of the multilateral trading system, and as a bulwark against all forms of protectionism, while recognizing the developmental needs, as well as, the full WTO rights and obligations of members. The WTO can also, among other things, encourage all WTO members participating in plurilateral and multilateral initiatives to take a new approach to SDT in ongoing and future negotiations. Affirming that disputes concerning treaties, like other international disputes, should be settled by peaceful means and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law. By reviewing all laws and regulations that are connected to the status of developing countries as WTO members and Special and Differential Treatment (SDT), the author employs a "rule-based approach" in this article as set forth in article 31 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, to analyze and respond to the question of what constitutes a member from a developing country as a beneficiary of SDT in order to achieve the goal of the World Trade Organization (WTO) which primary purpose is to open trade for the benefit of all
PELAKSANAAN PEMBATALAN PERKAWINAN MENURUT KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM DAN AKIBAT HUKUMNYA (Studi Kasus di Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Kediri)
Authors: Heriyanto Heriyanto , Makhali Imam 
Published: August 2023

Masalah pembatalan perkawinan adalah wewenang dari suatu Pengadilan yang bagi masyarakat yang beragama Islam di Indonesia wewenang dari Pengadilan Agama hal ini sesuai dengan bunyi Pasal 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1989 tentang Peradilan Agama, ketentuan ini dimaksudkan untuk menghindari terjadinya pembatalan perkawinan oleh instansi di luar pengadilan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) Untuk menganalisa akibat hukum yang timbul dengan adanya pembatalan perkawinan di Pengadilan Kabupaten Kediri berdasarkan Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI). 2) Untuk menganalisa akibat hukum terhadap harta bersama dengan adanya pembatalan nikah berdasarkan Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI). Lokasi penelitian ini adalah di Pengadilan Agama Kab. Kediri yang berada di Jl. Sekartaji No.12 Telp. (0354) 682175 Kec. Ngasem Kab. Kediri. Jenis penelitian menggunakan yuridis normatif, teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan data sekunder, analisis data menggunakan kualitatif, yaitu disajikan sekaligus menganalisis. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa pertimbangan hukum pembatalan perkawinan di Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Kediri ialah dimana perkawinan tersebut tidak memenuhi syarat-syarat dan rukun untuk melakukan perkawinan, kurang telitinya pemeriksaan administrasi calon suami istri, kurang pahamnya masyarakat terhadap ketentuan hukum islam dan Undang-Undang Perkawinan, bahwa untuk melakukan perkawinan poligami menurut hukum islam harus ada izin dari Pengadilan, dan dikehendaki oleh suami istri. Dari pembatalan perkawinan tersebut dapat menimbulkan suatu akibat hukum terhadap suami isteri itu sendiri, anak-anak yang dilahirkan, serta harta kekayaan yang ada selama perkawinan itu berlangsung
PENGGANTIAN KERUGIAN NEGARA BERDASARKAN PERSPEKTIF UNDANG-UNDANG RI NOMOR 20 TAHUN 2001 TENTANG PERUBAHAN ATAS UNDANG-UNDANG RI NOMOR 31 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG PEMBERANTASAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DAN PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 38 TAHUN 2016 (STUDI KASUS DI IN
Authors: Fatahuddin Kurniawan , Nurbaedah Nurbaedah 
Published: August 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) Menganalisa penggantian kerugian negara dari perspektif Undang-Undang RI Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang RI Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi. 2) Menganalisa penggantian kerugian Negara dari perspektif Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 38 Tahun 2016 tentang Tata Cara Tuntutan Ganti Kerugian Negara/Daerah Terhadap Pegawai Negara Bukan Bendahara atau Pejabat Lain. 3) Menganalisa tanggapan perbedaan perspektif antara Undang-Undang RI Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang RI Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 38 Tahun 2016 tentang Tata Cara Tuntutan Ganti Kerugian Negara/Daerah Terhadap Pegawai Negara Bukan Bendahara atau Pejabat Lain. Lokasi penelitian ini adalah di Inspektorat Pemkab Kediri di Jl. Soekarno-Hatta No. 1 Telp. (0354) 687038 Kec. Ngasem Kab. Kediri. Jenis penelitian menggunakan yuridis normatif, teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan data sekunder, analisis data menggunakan kualitatif, yaitu disajikan sekaligus menganalisis.