bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malignancy rates in Crohn's disease patients with perianal fistula: A German retrospective cohort study
Authors: Podmore Bélène , Beier Dominik , Burisch Johan , Genestin Elisabeth , Haeckl Dennis , Nagel Oliver , Qizilbash Nawab , Schwartz David A. , Vavricka Stephan R. , Bennett Dimitri , Dignass Axel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with inflammatory bowel disease are at increased risk of colorectal and extra‐intestinal cancer. However, the overall cancer risk in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) with perianal fistulas (PF) (CPF) and those with CD without PF (non‐PF CD) is unclear.ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence and incidence of cancer in patients with CPF and non‐PF CD, and to estimate incidence rate ratio (IRR) of cancer between CPF and non‐PF CD groups.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using the German InGef (Institute for Applied Health Research Berlin) research database. Patients with a CD record and PF from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2014 were identified and followed up from 1 January 2015 until the first occurrence of cancer, end of health insurance contributing data, death, or end of study period (31 December 2020). Prevalence of any type of cancer including patients with CD diagnosed with cancer in the selection period and incidence of cancer excluding patients with CD diagnosed with cancer in the selection period were calculated.ResultsIn total, 10,208 patients with CD were identified. Of 824 patients with CPF (8.1%), 67 had had a malignancy (6‐year period crude malignancy prevalence 8.13% [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.36%–10.21%]), which was lower than patients with non‐PF CD (19.8% [95% CI 19%–20.6%]). Incidence (per 100,000 person‐years) in patients with CPF was 1184 (95% CI 879–1561) and in non‐PF CD was 2365 (95% CI 2219–2519). There was no significant difference in the adjusted IRR of cancer for the CPF group compared with the non‐PF CD group (0.83 [95% CI 0.62–1.10]; p = 0.219).ConclusionThere was no significant difference in the incidence of any cancer in patients with CPF compared with non‐PF CD. However, patients with CPF had a higher numerical risk of cancer than the general German population.
Reference interval, longitudinal variability and reliability of activated clotting time in healthy dogs using a point‐of‐care analyser
Authors: Hellemans Arnaut , Devriendt Nausikaa , De Somer Filip , Marynissen Sofie , Daminet Sylvie , Paepe Dominique , Smets Pascale 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundActivated clotting times (ACTs) are used to screen for coagulopathies and monitor heparin therapy.ObjectivesTo determine a reference interval (RI) for ACT in dogs using a point‐of‐care analyser, to quantify intra‐subject within‐ and between‐day variability, to quantify analyser reliability and inter‐analyser agreement and to study the influence of a delay in measurement.MethodsForty‐two healthy dogs were included. Measurements were performed on fresh venous blood using the i‐STAT 1 analyser. The RI was determined using the Robust method. Intra‐subject within‐day variability and between‐day variability were quantified between baseline and 2 h (n = 8) or 48 h (n = 10) later. Analyser reliability and inter‐analyser agreement were studied by duplicate measurements (n = 8) on identical analysers. The influence of measurement delay was studied before and after a delay of one analytical run (n = 6).ResultsMean, lower and upper reference limits for ACT were 92.9 ± 9.1, 74.4 and 111.2 s, respectively. Coefficients of variation of intra‐subject within‐ and between‐day variability were 8.1% and 10.4%, respectively, resulting in a significant between‐day measurement difference. Analyser reliability assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient and coefficient of variation were 0.87% and 3.3%, respectively. Significantly lower ACT values were observed after a measurement delay compared to direct analysis.ConclusionsOur study provides an RI for ACT in healthy dogs using the i‐STAT 1 and suggests low intra‐subject within‐ and between‐day variability. Analyser reliability and inter‐analyser agreement were good; however, analysis delay and between‐day differences could significantly influence ACT results.
Conducting polymer‐based nanostructured materials for brain–machine interfaces
Authors: Ziai Yasamin , Zargarian Seyed Shahrooz , Rinoldi Chiara , Nakielski Paweł , Sola Antonella , Lanzi Massimiliano , Truong Yen Bach , Pierini Filippo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs scientists discovered that raw neurological signals could translate into bioelectric information, brain–machine interfaces (BMI) for experimental and clinical studies have experienced massive growth. Developing suitable materials for bioelectronic devices to be used for real‐time recording and data digitalizing has three important necessitates which should be covered. Biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, and having mechanical properties similar to soft brain tissue to decrease mechanical mismatch should be adopted for all materials. In this review, inorganic nanoparticles and intrinsically conducting polymers are discussed to impart electrical conductivity to systems, where soft materials such as hydrogels can offer reliable mechanical properties and a biocompatible substrate. Interpenetrating hydrogel networks offer more mechanical stability and provide a path for incorporating polymers with desired properties into one strong network. Promising fabrication methods, like electrospinning and additive manufacturing, allow scientists to customize designs for each application and reach the maximum potential for the system. In the near future, it is desired to fabricate biohybrid conducting polymer‐based interfaces loaded with cells, giving the opportunity for simultaneous stimulation and regeneration. Developing multi‐modal BMIs, Using artificial intelligence and machine learning to design advanced materials are among the future goals for this field.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease
Multidisciplinary Assessment of Nature-Based Strategies to Address Groundwater Overexploitation and Drought Risk in Medina Del Campo Groundwater Body
Authors: Mayor Beatriz , de la Hera-Portillo África , Llorente Miguel , Heredia Javier , Calatrava Javier , Martínez David , Manzano Marisol , del Mar García-Alcaraz María , Robles-Arenas Virginia , Borowiecka Gosia , Mediavilla Rosa , de la Orden José Antonio , López-Gutiérrez Julio , Aguilera-Alonso Héctor , Basco-Carrera Laura , Faneca Marta , Trambauer Patricia , Hermawan Tiaravani , Giordano Raffaele , Gómez Eulalia , Zorrilla-Miras Pedro , Rica Marta , Vay Laura , Rubio Félix , Marín-Lechado Carlos , Ruíz-Constán Ana , Bohoyo-Muñoz Fernando , Marcos Carlos , López Gunn Elena 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFive decades of intensive groundwater exploitation have brought important economic, social and environmental changes in Medina del Campo Groundwater Body (MCGWB). Declining piezometric levels have worsened water quality, increased the costs of water supply and abstraction, and drained connected wetlands and rivers. This chapter presents the different methods and tools developed to assess the impacts and effectiveness for adaptation to droughts of the selected NAS strategies in biophysical, economic and social terms. It follows the methodologies presented in Chaps. 4, 5 and 6. It also summarizes the approaches for integrating all these assessments, as well as the main conclusions and lessons learnt. Important progress has been achieved on understanding and modelling the aquifer-system dynamics and functioning. First, geological and geophysical data analysis, debugging and integration have provided a basis for constructing a set of geological models of the MCGWB. Second, water balance components need to be updated through a deeper analysis of the recharge and groundwater abstractions (pumping). Third, a trend analysis of critical groundwater-related ecosystem services (GRES) and piezometric levels points at groundwater abstraction reductions as the most effective measure for a widespread recovery of the groundwater levels and storage. Fifth, the proposed managed artificial recharge would have limited effects on the recovery of the surface water bodies and no effect on the groundwater bodies. Sixth, the environmental reconstruction from a sedimentary record of the main wetland bed (Lagunas Reales) provides a reference knowledge base to understand the system response to human and climate changes. Finally, different barriers for design and implementation of NAS strategies have been identified and evaluated. Particularly, the lack of effective interaction mechanisms among the different actors involved/interested in the process could play a key role in the future.
Graphical Abstract
Can NBS Address the Challenges of an Urbanized Mediterranean Catchment? The Lez Case Study
Authors: Le Coent Philippe , Marchal Roxane , Hérivaux Cécile , Maréchal Jean-Christophe , Ladouche Bernard , Moncoulon David , Farina George , Forey Ingrid , Zi-Xiang Wao , Graveline Nina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Lez catchment is characterized by a rapid urbanization, due to the attractiveness of the city of Montpellier, and is exposed to a typical Mediterranean weather with high risk of flash flood and other emerging issues, such as air pollution, heat island effects and biodiversity losses. We present the evaluation of two types of NBS to address these challenges, (i) urbanization strategies that have an impact on the conservation of agricultural and natural land and (ii) a network of green infrastructure (GI), with a focus on the economic analysis. Our results reveal that our most ambitious GI strategy can reduce up to a 20% of the mean annual damages due to annual flood damages. The largest share of the economic value of our NBS however lies in the co-benefits they generate. Overall, the two GI strategies present a positive cost-benefit analysis. We finally identify a pathway towards implementation in terms of financing and organizational challenges.
Enabling Effective Engagement, Investment and Implementation of Natural Assurance Systems for Water and Climate Security
Authors: Weinberg Josh , Thakar Kanika , Marchal Roxane , Nanu Florentina , Mayor Beatriz , López Gunn Elena , Piton Guillaume , Pengal Polona , Moncoulon David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter investigates the enabling conditions and policy settings that are more conducive to the uptake of NAS and discusses how to effectively engage with the insurance sector as part of that process. It covers frequently cited issues that limit NBS implementation that also directly relate to NAS and offers insights on how to address them. It highlights opportunities and challenges to further support the mobilization of green infrastructure as part of NAS schemes by building on the relevant learnings and resources from the NAIAD project.
A Reader’s Guide to Natural Assurance Schemes
Authors: López Gunn Elena , Vay Laura , Marcos Carlos 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides a Reader’s Guide for the book based on the different elements to develop a natural assurance scheme, from its conceptual frame in this section (Sect. 2.1). The chapter is structured based on the different targeted audiences and the process of developing a natural assurance scheme (or NAS). The first section is addressed to Technical Experts and Researchers looking at the methodological assessment (physical, social and economic) needed to be undertaken to design a natural assurance scheme. These physical impacts of a NAS and the its value in monetary and non-monetary terms are outlined in Sect. 2.2 of the book. The next audience is focused on planners, business and financial experts integrating the natural assurance schemes into the planning framework that guides the logic and sequence to ensure the adoption and implementation of natural assurance schemes, the development of viable business models and financial arrangements. All these paves the way on how these NAS can be turned into NBS strategies to be fully developed and implemented as bankable projects (as outlined in Sect. 2.3 of the book). Finally practitioners and others can learn from the implementation of the methodology in 9 case studies across Europe at different scales addressing a range of water hazards (Sect. 2.4 of the book). The final section is particularly suitable for policy makers, insurers and others drawing on lessons learnt, key findings, and recommendations. and transferability to other locations (Sect. 2.5). Thus this Reader’s guide places special emphasis on the perspective and interest of the different readers, guiding them by summarising and outlining what sections and parts of the book might be of more interest and relevance.
Methodologies to Assess and Map the Biophysical Effectiveness of Nature Based Solutions
Authors: Mulligan Mark , Burke Sophia , Douglas Caitlin , van Soesbergen Arnout 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNature based solutions to mitigate flooding (Natural Flood Management, NFM) can help address persistent flooding on smaller rivers that are beyond the reach of governmental grey infrastructure flood protection schemes and can also contribute to ‘green-grey’ solutions for larger rivers, recognising the many co-benefits of such nature-based solutions for nature and society. It is, however, vital that NFM interventions are carefully designed and fully tested for their effectiveness and cost-effectiveness so as not to waste valuable flood mitigation resources and to ensure that these solutions do not themselves exacerbate risks or become expensive to scale or maintain. Only through accessible, low cost approaches can this be achieved since each NFM project is usually rather small scale, low budget and unique in design and context.This chapter introduces newly developed methods for assessing the effectiveness of NFM with a focus on low-cost and open-access solutions. It highlights the opportunities and challenges of different monitoring and modelling methods, from physically-based spatial scenario models for assessing impacts of NFM interventions on flood risk to downstream assets, to using networks of low-cost environmental monitoring stations for direct measurement of effectiveness of specific interventions. Modelling is best suited to large scale strategic assessment of the optimal type, magnitude and locations of interventions, whereas assessment of the effectiveness of specific interventions is best achieved through a measurement approach or – where that is not possible – space-for-time substitution with comparable sites for which the intervention has already been applied and its effectiveness tested.
Designing Natural Assurance Schemes with Integrated Decision Support and Adaptive Planning
Authors: Basco-Carrera Laura , Van Cauwenbergh Nora , Gebremedhin Eskedar T. , Piton Guillaume , Tacnet Jean-Marc , Altamirano Mónica A. , Benítez Ávila Camilo A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDefining and managing integrated urban, river basin and climate adaptation plans towards sustainable development, good ecological status as well as reduced water-related risk is challenging. Uncertainties regarding the future of cities and river basins require these plans to be adaptive. NBS are increasingly put forward as relevant measures to cope with climate related risks and challenges. However, the greening of climate adaptation planning with NBS in a context of risk, requires a well-structured decision-making process that enables the integration of NBS into national, regional and catchment planning processes and financing structures. To facilitate this integration, it is important to connect NBS with Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) frameworks, amongst others. Decision-making, however, is not a one-off action. To ensure the implementability of NBS, it is necessary to take key decisions in different steps of the planning, design and management phases. The use of tools and methods in these different steps can help informed decision-making, and as a result the formulation of evidence-based, reliable and well accepted solutions.
China und Deutschland vor globalen Herausforderungen
Authors: Lian Yu-ru 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungAus der Perspektive der Struktur der internationalen Beziehungen lässt sich das Verhältnis zwischen China und Deutschland seit 1949 als eine „natürliche Partnerschaftsbeziehung“ charakterisieren, die sich auf die jeweils eigene Entwicklung der zwei Beziehungsakteure, ihre Stellung und Rolle in den internationalen Beziehungen und die Relation ihrer Werte und Interessenlage bezieht. Ihre Entwicklung hängt von drei intervenierenden Variablen ab: 1) dem chinesischen Primat der Innenpolitik und deren Perzeption durch Deutschland; 2) der deutschen Europapolitik und deren Akzeptanz durch die EU-Mitgliedstaaten und schließlich 3) der US-amerikanische Chinapolitik.
Neue Rahmenbedingungen für den internationalen Kulturaustausch
Authors: Grätz Ronald 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungWeltweite radikale Umwälzungen stellen den internationalen Kulturaustausch vor neue Herausforderungen. Der Beitrag beleuchtet die acht wichtigsten Elemente für einen gelingenden Kulturdialog, verstanden als Friedensarbeit auf der Basis von Verstehen, Verständigung, Respekt und Würde: Koproduktion, Plattformen, post-nationalstaatliches Denken, die Rolle der Zivilgesellschaft, Kulturarbeit in verschiedenen Situationen des Konflikts, Multilateralismus, Begegnungen und Beratung.
Zur Entwicklung der Forschungszusammenarbeit mit China
Authors: Schreiterer Ulrich 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht die Entwicklung der Forschungszusammenarbeit zwischen Deutschland und China. Dabei stehen nicht Förderprogramme und quantitative Indikatoren im Zentrum, sondern bisher wenig untersuchte „Innenansichten“ solcher internationaler Kooperationen: Motive, persönliche Erfahrungen und Narrative der beteiligten Wissenschaftler:innen. Die hier vorgestellten Befunde basieren auf dem Projekt „Globalisierung der Forschung“, das 2011 bis 2015 vom Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB) gefördert wurde. Wie beschreiben und bewerten die jeweiligen Partner ihre Forschungszusammenarbeit? Haben sie ein gemeinsames Verständnis von Wissenschaft, ähnliche Vorstellungen von „guter Wissenschaft“ und guter wissenschaftlicher Praxis? Unterscheiden sich ihre Arbeitsstile, und falls ja, wie und wodurch? Was treibt ihre Zusammenarbeit an, und wie beschreiben sie deren Ergebnisse? Unsere „Sondierungen“ zeigten, dass die Kooperation von großem gegenseitigem Respekt geprägt war, aber zugleich auch von ganz unterschiedlichen Interessen, Fähigkeiten und Wünschen der Partner. Die hochgelobte Erfolgsgeschichte der Kooperation beruhte insoweit ironischerweise in nicht geringem Maße auf der Kapitalisierung von solchen Unterschieden.
Non-traditional Stable Isotope Geochemistry of Seep Deposits
Authors: Jin Meng , Feng Dong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNon-traditional stable isotope geochemistry is a useful tool for revealing element migration, transformation and circulation in geological processes. A series of biogeochemical processes result in special and variable sedimentary environments in seep systems. Many elements are impacted and involved in different biogeochemical processes in seep systems, especially the formation of authigenic minerals, making seep deposits archives for studying elemental and isotopic behaviors in natural environments. Iron (Fe) and molybdenum (Mo) are involved in the formation of pyrite, and magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) are closely related to the precipitation of authigenic carbonate. Research on the Fe, Mo, Mg and Ca isotopic compositions of different seep deposits from the South China Sea has been conducted in recent years. Preliminary studies have provided new insights into the mechanisms of isotopic fractionation and element cycling during early diagenesis. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the Fe, Mo, Mg and Ca isotope geochemistry of seep deposits from the South China Sea, targeting authigenic minerals, sediments and pore fluids.
Muon g − 2 and non-thermal leptogenesis in $$ \textrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $$ model
Authors: Eijima Shintaro , Ibe Masahiro , Murai Kai 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The gauged $$ \textrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $$
U

1

L
μ

−

L
τ

symmetry is the simplest possibility to explain the observed muon g − 2, while being consistent with the neutrino oscillations through the seesaw mechanism. In this paper, we investigate if leptogenesis can work at the same time. At first glance, leptogenesis seems challenging because the right-handed neutrino masses are related to the $$ \textrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $$
U

1

L
μ

−

L
τ

breaking scale of 10 – 100 GeV as required from the muon g − 2. Contrary to this expectation, we find that non-thermal leptogenesis with the right-handed neutrino masses of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(107) GeV is possible. The successful scenario results in strict predictions on the neutrino oscillation parameters, which will be tested in future experiments.
Inflation and primordial gravitational waves in scale-invariant quadratic gravity with Higgs
Authors: Ghoshal Anish , Mukherjee Debangshu , Rinaldi Massimiliano 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In scale-invariant models of fundamental physics all mass scales are generated via spontaneous symmetry breaking. In this work, we study inflation in scale-invariant quadratic gravity, in which the Planck mass is generated classically by a scalar field, which evolves from an unstable fixed point to a stable one thus breaking scale-invariance. We investigate the dynamics by means of dynamical system standard techniques. By computing the spectral indices and comparing them with data, we put some constraints on the three dimensionless parameters of the theory. We show that certain regions of the parameter space will be within the range of future CMB missions like CMB-S4, LiteBIRD and STPol. The second half of the paper is dedicated to the analysis of inflationary first-order tensor perturbations and the calculation of the power spectrum of the gravitational waves. We comment on our results and compare them with the ones of mixed Starobinsky-Higgs inflation.
One loop mass renormalization of massive states using pure spinor formalism
Authors: Kashyap Sitender Pratap , Verma Mritunjay 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As a check of the first massive integrated vertex operator in the pure spinor formalism constructed in arXiv:1802.04486, we compute the one loop 2-point function of the stable non BPS massive states in SO(32) heterotic string theory. This allows us to compute the one loop renormalized mass of these states using the pure spinor formalism. Our results are in agreement with the corresponding results obtained by Sen using the RNS formalism. This provides an instance of the equivalence between the RNS and the pure spinor formalism for the massive states at loop level.
First look at the evaluation of three-loop non-planar Feynman diagrams for Higgs plus jet production
Authors: Henn Johannes M. , Lim Jungwon , Torres Bobadilla William J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We present new computations for Feynman integrals relevant to Higgs plus jet production at three loops, including first results for a non-planar class of integrals. The results are expressed in terms of generalised polylogarithms up to transcendental weight six. We also provide the full canonical differential equations, which allows us to make structural observations on the answer. In particular, we find a counterexample to previously conjectured adjacency relations, for a planar integral of the tennis-court type. Additionally, for a non-planar triple ladder diagram, we find two novel alphabet letters. This information may be useful for future bootstrap approaches.