bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The validity of ultrasound and shear wave elastography to assess the quality of the rotator cuff
Authors: Peeters Nina H. C. , van der Kraats Annick M. , van der Krieken Thomas E. , van Iersel Dave , Janssen Esther R. C. , Heerspink Frederik O. Lambers 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives
US with shear wave elastography (SWE) could reduce the burden and costs of the diagnostic process for patients with rotator cuff disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the validity of US and SWE in preoperative assessment of fatty infiltration (FI) and muscle atrophy of the supraspinatus (SSP) and infraspinatus (ISP) muscles.

Methods
Patients with a rotator cuff disorder and a recent shoulder CT or MRI scan were eligible to participate. Goutallier and Warner stages of the SSP and ISP muscle were measured on the scan, for assessment of FI and muscle atrophy, respectively. These findings were compared with shear wave velocities (SWVs) assessed on US. Visual assessment of FI on US was compared with the Goutallier stage. To quantify the amount of muscle atrophy, the occupation ratio between SSP fossa and muscle was measured on MRI and US.

Results
Seventy-eight shoulders were included in the analysis. The correlation found between the occupation ratio on US and Warner and Goutallier stage and ratio on MRI ranged between r =  − 0.550 to 0.589. The Goutallier stage of ISP and SSP muscle assessed on US showed a fair correlation with the Goutallier stage on a scan of r = 0.574 and r = 0.582, respectively. There was a poor correlation between the SWVs and scan results (r =  − 0.116 to 0.07).

Conclusion
SWE is not a valid method to measure the amount of FI or muscle atrophy in the SSP muscle. Therefore, SWE is not a suitable alternative for MRI in standard preoperative diagnostics in rotator cuff pathologies.

Clinical relevance statement
Shear wave elastography should not be used in the diagnostics of rotator cuff pathologies.

Key Points
• There is a fair correlation between the Goutallier stage of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle assessed on MRI and CT and visual assessment of fatty infiltration achieved on US.
• Shear wave elastography is not a valid tool for the determination of the amount of fatty infiltration or muscle atrophy.
• Shear wave elastography should not be used as a cheaper and less burdensome alternative for diagnostics in rotator cuff pathologies.
Determination of the absorption function of laser-heated soot particles from spectrally resolved laser-induced incandescence signals using multiple excitation wavelengths
Authors: Lang Peter , Braeuer Phillipp A. B. , Müller Marcel N. , Faderl Sebastian R. , Huber Franz J. T. , Bauer Florian J. , Will Stefan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this work, the optical properties of soot particles from a Gülder burner fueled with both ethylene or propane gas were investigated in situ using laser-induced incandescence. The particles in the flame were irradiated with four different laser wavelengths, namely 450 nm, 532 nm, 600 nm and 650 nm. The resulting laser-induced emissions were detected spectrally and temporally resolved by means of a spectrograph and an intensified camera at different delay times with respect to the laser pulse. To determine the optical properties of the particles from the data, the emitted spectra were simulated using a spectroscopic model with variable input parameters, and a regression was performed against the measured data. On the basis of an functional approach of the absorption function on wavelength, the dispersion exponent for soot was evaluated for a reference position on the centre axis at 40 mm height above the burner. It was found that the different fuel gases lead to similar values with regard to the absorption function, which can be expressed by a mean dispersion exponent with a value of 1.75 for ethylene and 1.68 for propane.
Endoscopic trans-sphenoidal pituitary surgery does not impact postoperative nasal quality of life
Authors: Weiland Thomas , Gellner Verena , Pondorfer Prisca , Hortobagyi David , Maitz Emanuel , Kiss Peter , Borenich Andrea , Reininghaus Eva Z. , Thurnher Dietmar , Tomazic Peter Valentin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this prospective longitudinal study was to assess both subjective quality of life using questionnaires and objective examination of nasal function with regard to olfaction, nasal air flow and mucociliary clearance in patients after minimally invasive, turbinate-preserving endoscopic transnasal trans-sphenoidal pituitary surgery.

Methods
Patients undergoing endoscopic transnasal pituitary surgery were recruited prospectively and examined during three study visits, preoperatively and 3 and 6 months postoperatively. We examined nasal function using sniffin' sticks test, rhinomanometry, saccharin transit time test, and endoscopic and radiological scores. In addition, the influence on subjective quality of life and mental health was recorded using the Sinonasal-Outcome-Test-20 (SNOT-20) and the Hospital-Anxiety-and-Depression-Scale (HADS).

Results
20 patients undergoing endoscopic pituitary tumor resections were included. No significant changes in olfaction or mucociliary clearance were noted. Nasal air flow showed a tendency to increase in the postoperative course lacking significance. Both the endoscopy and the radiological scores showed a significant deterioration, especially after 3 months, with a trend towards improvement over time. However, neither the SNOT-20 nor the HADS showed significant changes compared to baseline.

Conclusions
Our concept of minimally invasive endoscopic tumor resections on the pituitary gland with preservation of nasal turbinates shows low morbidity for the patient. Despite objectifiable surgery-associated changes in the nose, nasal physiology in terms of smell, airflow and mucociliary clearance can be preserved and the subjective quality of life of our patients remains stable.
Cytotoxic peripheral T-cell lymphomas and EBV-positive T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative diseases: emerging concepts, recent advances, and the putative role of clonal hematopoiesis. A report of the 2022 EA4HP/SH lymphoma workshop
Authors: Climent Fina , Nicolae Alina , de Leval Laurence , Dirnhofer Stefan , Leoncini Lorenzo , Ondrejka Sarah L. , Soma Lorinda , Wotherspoon Andrew , Zamo Alberto , Quintanilla-Martinez Leticia , Ng Siok-Bian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCytotoxic peripheral T-cell lymphomas and EBV-positive T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative diseases were discussed at the 2022 European Association for Haematopathology/Society for Hematopathology lymphoma workshop held in Florence, Italy. This session focused on (i) primary nodal EBV-positive T and NK-cell lymphomas (primary nodal-EBV-TNKL), (ii) extranodal EBV-positive T/NK lymphoproliferative diseases (LPD) in children and adults, (iii) cytotoxic peripheral T-cell lymphomas, NOS (cPTCL-NOS), EBV-negative, and (iv) miscellaneous cases. Primary nodal-EBV-TNKL is a newly recognized entity which is rare, aggressive, and associated with underlying immune deficiency/immune dysregulation. All cases presented with lymphadenopathy but some demonstrated involvement of tonsil/Waldeyer’s ring and extranodal sites. The majority of tumors are of T-cell lineage, and the most frequent mutations involve the epigenetic modifier genes, such as TET2 and DNMT3A, and JAK-STAT genes. A spectrum of EBV-positive T/NK LPD involving extranodal sites were discussed and highlight the diagnostic challenge with primary nodal-EBV-TNKL when these extranodal EBV-positive T/NK LPD cases demonstrate predominant nodal disease either at presentation or during disease progression from chronic active EBV disease. The majority of cPTCL-NOS demonstrated the TBX21 phenotype. Some cases had a background of immunosuppression or immune dysregulation. Interestingly, an unexpected association of cPTCL-NOS, EBV-positive and negative, with TFH lymphomas/LPDs was observed in the workshop cases. Similar to a published literature, the genetic landscape of cPTCL-NOS from the workshop showed frequent mutations in epigenetic modifiers, including TET2 and DNMT3A, suggesting a role of clonal hematopoiesis in the disease pathogenesis.
Open surgical treatment of unicameral bone cysts
Authors: Döring Kevin , Sturz Géraldine D. , Hobusch Gerhard , Puchner Stephan , Windhager Reinhard , Chiari Catharina 
Published: August 2023

Summary
Background
A variety of treatment options for unicameral bone cysts (UBC) exist. The controversy of open management of UBC is discussed. The aim of this study was to analyze a single institution’s experience in the open surgical treatment of UBC.

Patients and methods
By retrospective analysis of the Vienna Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Registry, 119 patients with open surgery and histologically verified UBC with a mean follow up of 4.8 years (range 1–30 years) were included. Lesion treatment failure was defined as surgically addressed UBC undergoing revision surgery due to persistence or recurrence.

Results
Local revision-free survival for lesion treatment failure was 93% after 1 year, 80% after 2 years, 60% after 5 years and 57% after 10 years. Of the patients 34 (29%) had at least 1 revision surgery due to lesion treatment failure. We found that patients with lesion treatment failure were younger (p = 0.03), had UBC with less minimal distance to the growth plate (p = 0.02) and more septation chambers in radiologic imaging (p = 0.02). Patients with open revision surgery were less likely to require a second revision due to lesion treatment failure than patients with percutaneous revision surgery (p = 0.03).

Conclusion
Open surgery for UBC can only be recommended as reserve treatment in younger children with actively growing lesions. Open UBC surgery carries a relatively high risk of almost 30% of lesion treatment failure and therefore the indications should be limited to extensive osteolysis with high risk of pathological fractures, lesions with displaced pathological fractures, and lesions with an ambiguous radiological presentation that require tissue collection.
New analytical model for thermomechanical responses of multi-layered structures with imperfect interfaces
Authors: Shaat M. , Gao X.-L. , Li K. , Littlefield A. G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA new analytical model is developed for thermomechanical responses of multi-layered structures with an arbitrary number of layers and subjected to general thermal and mechanical loading. The formulation is based on an extended Bernoulli–Euler beam theory and a slip-interface model. The former includes Poisson’s effect and covers both the plane stress and plane strain deformations, and the latter allows slipping between two adjacent layers but no jump in the normal displacement or traction. An analytical solution for a multi-layered structure under general thermomechanical loading is derived by using a new approach that first determines one interfacial shear stress and the curvature of the deformed structure. To illustrate the newly developed model, three example problems for two-, three- and five-layer structures respectively are analytically solved by directly applying the new model. In all three cases, the solutions are obtained in closed-form expressions by considering both temperature changes and mechanical loads including body forces, distributed normal and shear stresses on the top and bottom surfaces, and normal forces, transverse shear forces and bending moments at the two ends, unlike existing ones. It is shown that the current solution for two-layer structures recovers an existing solution without considering Poisson’s effect and mechanical loading and the classical solution of Timoshenko for perfectly bonded bi-metal thermostats as two special cases. The closed-form solution for five-layer structures with imperfect interfaces is derived here for the first time. In addition, numerical results are provided for five- and seven-layer transistor stacks to quantitatively demonstrate the new model. It is found that the current results for the five-layer transistor stack agree well with those obtained by others, thereby further validating the new model.
Exploiting ZnO nanoparticles as a modifier for carbon paste electrodes for determination of difloxacin HCl
Authors: Farhan Mona K. , Ismail Nahla S. , Tamam Marwa H. , Abdel-Mottaleb Mohamed S. , Saif Mona 
Published: August 2023

AbstractZinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are used to modify carbon paste electrodes for a fast, stable, and sensitive electrochemical determination of difloxacin HCl in pharmaceutical formulation and their photodegradation rate. The small particle size and large surface area of ZnONPs enhance the diffusion rates of the chosen target analyte to many accessible binding sites, increasing the range of the linear structure with a low detection limit and improving the stability and lifetime of the electrode. An initial optimization study included sixteen modified carbon paste electrodes to achieve optimal electrode composition in carbon paste composition, plasticizer type, and the amount of ZnO nanoparticles added as a modifier. We studied the performance parameter of two electrodes, one with ZnONPs (E11) and the other without (E5) to evaluate using ZnONPs as a modifier. The optimized electrode is electrode number eleven (E11), with a paste composition of 39% graphite powder, 39% dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as a plasticizer, 15% difloxacin HCl-sodium tetraphenylborate (DIF-TPB) ion-pair as an ion exchanger, and 7% zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) as a modifier, it maintained a Nernstian response over 4 months, with a slope of (57.0 ± 0.4) over the linearity concentration range 6.3$$\times$$×10−6–10−2M with a correlation coefficient (r2) ≥ 0.998 and detection limit 6.3$$\times$$×10−6M within pH range 2–5. The applications of the proposed electrodes are the determination of difloxcine HCl pharmaceuticals formulation and their photocatalytic degradation rate in water samples. The statistical comparison shows no significant difference in accuracy or precision between the reported and the proposed methods.Graphical Abstract
Idiopathic cervical dystonia and non-motor symptoms: a pilot case-control study on autonomic nervous system
Authors: Colucci Fabiana , Pugliatti Maura , Casetta Ilaria , Capone Jay Guido , Diozzi Enrica , Sensi Mariachiara , Tugnoli Valeria 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Non-motor symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, neuropsychiatric manifestations, cognitive impairment, and sensory abnormalities, have been widely reported in patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia (ICD). This study aimed to clarify the autonomic nervous system (ANS) involvement in ICD patients, which is still unclear in the literature.

Methods
We conducted a pilot case-control study to investigate ANS in twenty ICD patients and twenty age-sex-matched controls. The Composite Autonomic System Scale 31 was used for ANS clinical assessment. The laser Doppler flowmetry quantitative spectral analysis, applied to the skin and recorded from indices, was used to measure at rest, after a parasympathetic activation (six deep breathing) and two sympathetic stimuli (isometric handgrip and mental calculation), the power of high-frequency and low-frequency oscillations, and the low-frequency/high-frequency ratio.

Results
ICD patients manifested higher clinical dysautonomic symptoms than controls (p < 0.05). At rest, a lower high-frequency power band was detected among ICD patients than controls, reaching a statistically significant difference in the age group of ≥ 57-year-olds (p < 0.05). In the latter age group, ICD patients showed a lower low-frequency/high-frequency ratio than controls at rest (p < 0.05) and after mental calculation (p < 0.05). Regardless of age, during handgrip, ICD patients showed (i) lower low-frequency/high-frequency ratio (p < 0.05), (ii) similar increase of the low-frequency oscillatory component compared to controls, and (iii) stable high-frequency oscillatory component, which conversely decreased in controls. No differences between the two groups were detected during deep breathing.

Conclusion
ICD patients showed ANS dysfunction at clinical and neurophysiological levels, reflecting an abnormal parasympathetic-sympathetic interaction likely related to abnormal neck posture and neurotransmitter alterations.
Heaps of modules and affine spaces
Authors: Breaz Simion , Brzeziński Tomasz , Rybołowicz Bernard , Saracco Paolo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA notion of heaps of modules as an affine version of modules over a ring or, more generally, over a truss, is introduced and studied. Basic properties of heaps of modules are derived. Examples arising from geometry (connections, affine spaces) and algebraic topology (chain contractions) are presented. Relationships between heaps of modules, modules over a ring and affine spaces are revealed and analysed.
Statistical indicators based on mobile phone and street maps data for risk management in small urban areas
Authors: Perazzini Selene , Metulini Rodolfo , Carpita Maurizio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe use of new sources of big data collected at a high-frequency rate in conjunction with administrative data is critical to developing indicators of the exposure to risks of small urban areas. Correctly accounting for the crowding of people and for their movements is crucial to mitigate the effect of natural disasters, while guaranteeing the quality of life in a “smart city” approach. We use two different types of mobile phone data to estimate people crowding and traffic intensity. We analyze the temporal dynamics of crowding and traffic using a Model-Based Functional Cluster Analysis, and their spatial dynamics using the T-mode Principal Component Analysis. Then, we propose five indicators useful for risk management in small urban areas: two composite indicators based on cutting-edge mobile phone dynamic data and three indicators based on open-source street map static data. A case study for the flood-prone area of the Mandolossa (the western outskirts of the city of Brescia, Italy) is presented. We present a multi-dimensional description of the territory based on the proposed indicators at the level of small areas defined by the Italian National Statistical Institute as “Sezioni di Censimento” and “Aree di Censimento”.
Simulation of Isolated and Installed Jet Noise at Mach = 0.9: Influence of Numerical Mesh and Physical Insights
Authors: Huet Maxime , Gand Fabien , Rahier Gilles 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe noise radiated by an isothermal, single-stream jet with a Mach number M = 0.9 and diameter-based Reynolds number ReD = 106 is investigated numerically without and with the presence of a flat plate. Noise sources are predicted with Zonal Detached Eddy Simulations yielding Wall Modelled LES in attached boundary layers (so called ZDES mode 3) together with turbulence tripping inside the nozzle to recover an initially turbulent flow, while radiated pressure is extrapolated with integral methods. Numerical methodology, namely grid and statistical convergence of the signals, is assessed for the isolated jet. Noise levels are accurately simulated at least up to St = 8 and integrated pressure levels collapse within 1 dB with the experiments. In the presence of the plate, a noise radiation methodology based on both Ffowcs Williams Hawkings and Kirchhoff integral methods is proposed to reconstruct the pressure signals at microphone locations with a reduced numerical cost. The simulation compares very favorably with the experimental data, azimuthal noise variations induced by the plate are correctly captured and noise levels collapse within 1 dB. It is concluded the numerical methodology is mature enough for application in an industrial context.
Spatial distribution of indigenous climate indicator development for rural smallholder farmers in Nkomazi local municipality, South Africa
Authors: Ubisi Nomcebo , Kolanisi Unathi , Jiri Obert , Tshitangano Frederick 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aimed at smallholder farmers to use their indigenous knowledge in combination with modern climate indicators when making farming decisions in Nkomazi Local Municipality, South Africa. Twelve villages were sampled in Nkomazi municipality based on their use of IKS with 100 participants applying both qualitative and quantitative research methods. ArcMap v10.7.1 software was used to map the distribution of indigenous climate indicators in these villages, and SPSS v25.0 software was used to analyse the quantitative data. Qualitative data was analysed through thematic analysis which is used to interpret patterns of meaning within qualitative data. The most used indicators smallholder farmers relied on for weather predictions included animals (31%) followed by plants (26%). The Poynton model predicted negative results with a 50C temperature increase, meaning that if the hot temperatures continue rising, the farmers' indigenous indicators will decline or disappear, making it difficult for rural smallholder farmers to make informed farm-level decisions. Therefore, the study suggests an integration of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) and local knowledge to adapt to climate change, have access to updated agricultural information and ability to make informed farm-level decisions.
The influence of stormwater infiltration on downslope groundwater chemistry
Authors: Arora Meenakshi , Fletcher Timothy D. , Burns Matthew J. , Western Andrew W. , Yong Chui Fern , Poelsma Peter J. , James Robert B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStormwater infiltration basins have been used extensively around the world to restore urban hydrology towards more natural flow and water quality regimes. There is, however, significant uncertainty in the fate of infiltrated water and accompanying contaminants that depends on multiple factors including media characteristics, interactions with downslope vegetation, legacy contaminants, and presence of underground infrastructure. Understanding the influence of such factors is thus central to the design and siting of infiltration basins. An extensive field program was established to collect monthly data on ground water quality, including nutrients and major ion concentrations, in a bore network downstream of a stormwater infiltration basin in Victoria, Australia. The groundwater samples were analysed for temperature, pH, EC, turbidity, major ions (Na+, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, CO32−, HCO3−), NOx and heavy metals. The collected data were used to understand the origin and fate of water and solutes in the subsurface and their interactions with the soil matrix. The results revealed that Ca–HCO3, Na–Cl water types predominate in the study area, grouped in 3 clusters; shallow fresh groundwater in the vicinity of the basin (near basin), deep saline groundwater further downstream of the basin (near-stream) and a mid-section where rock-water interaction (Na–HCO3 water) through cation exchange control the chemistry of groundwater. The results also suggest that as the water moves downstream of the basin, it experiences significant evapotranspiration and concentration due to the presence of deep-rooted vegetation. The results suggest that while infiltration basins can remove infiltrated contaminants, the infiltrated stormwater can mobilise legacy contaminants such as nitrate. Overall, the efficacy of infiltration basins in urban regions depends substantially on the downstream vegetation, urban underground infrastructure and the presence of legacy contaminants in the soils. These all need to be considered in the design of stormwater infiltration basins.