bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of Acquired Defects of the External Genitalia
Authors: Weisberger Joseph S. , Park John B. , Cortes Ricardo , Pizzo Dane , Van Kouwenberg Emily A. , Agag Richard L. , Sinkin Jeremy C. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
Patients undergoing resection of the external genitalia are often faced with significant deformity and decreased quality of life. Plastic surgeons are tasked with the challenge of reconstructing these defects to minimize morbidity and increase patients' quality of life. The authors have set out to investigate the efficacy of local fasciocutaneous and pedicled perforator flaps in external genital reconstruction.

Methods
A retrospective review was conducted of all patients undergoing reconstruction of acquired defects of the external genitalia from 2017 to 2021. In total, 24 patients met inclusion criteria for the study. Patients were allocated into 2 cohorts: patients with defects reconstructed using local fasciocutaneous flaps (FF) versus patients with defects reconstructed using pedicled islandized perforator flaps (PF). Comorbid conditions, ablative procedures, operative times, flap size, and complications were compared across all groups. Fisher exact test was used to analyze differences in comorbidities, while independent t tests were used to analyze age, body mass index, operative time, and flap size. Significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results
Of the 24 patients included in the study, 6 underwent reconstruction with islandized PFs (either profunda artery perforator or anterolateral thigh), and 18 underwent reconstruction with FFs. The most common indication for reconstruction was vulvectomy for vulvar cancer, followed by radical debridement for infection, and lastly penectomy for penile cancer. The PF cohort had a significantly higher percentage of previously irradiated patients (50% vs 11.1%, P = 0.019). Although mean flap size was larger in the PF cohort, this difference did not reach statistical significance (176 vs 143.4 cm2, P = 0.5). Perforator flaps had significantly longer operative times when compared with FFs (237.33 vs 128.99 minutes, P = 0.003). Average length of stay was 6.88 days in FF and 5.33 days in PF (P = 0.624). Complication profile including flap necrosis, wound healing delays, and infection were similar between groups despite a significantly higher rate of prior radiation in the PF cohort.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that PFs such as profunda artery perforator and anterolateral thigh flaps are associated with longer operative times but may offer a suitable option for reconstruction of acquired defects of the external genital compared with local FFs, especially in the setting of prior radiation.
“Cutoff Clipping” Technique as a Tentative Clipping Alternative for Large Aneurysms: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Zhang Weihua , Huang Gaoming , Zhang Jian , Bai Zennan , Yang Kaichuang 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Intraoperative rupture of an aneurysm is potentially devastating. The thin-walled regions (TIWRs) of an aneurysm are associated with rupture risk. This study aimed to describe the feasibility and concerns of the “cutoff clipping” technique for TIWRs disposition of certain complex aneurysms.

Methods:
Three cases were reported to illustrate the “cutoff clipping” technique which was applied to clip a large aneurysm. This study emphasized the exposure and clipping of the aneurysm fundus. The fundus was dissected according to the TIWRs size threshold the author proposed and was clipped transversely by a temporary clip to achieve size reduction and blood flow disconnection. The authors called this the “cutoff clipping” technique. After the cutoff clip was placed, the neck of the aneurysm was further dissected and clipped.

Results:
After successfully placing the cutoff clip, the surgeon achieved to reduce the size of the fundus, decrease the TIWRs proportion, and disconnect the blood flow from the neck to the distal thin-walled dome. Sequentially, three aneurysms were clip-ligated without complications.

Conclusion:
The “cutoff clipping” technique applied under suitable conditions is a potential choice to dissect and clip a complex aneurysm with an adhesive neck and thin-walled dome.
Correlation of Obesity and Clinical Characteristics in Drug-Naive First-Episode Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Li Na , Xue Hua , Li Yong , Gao Minglong , Yu Ming , An Cuixia , Wang Chaomin 
Published: July 2023

Objectives
This study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of obesity in drug-naive first-episode (DNFE) patients with schizophrenia and its association with metabolic parameters, psychopathological symptoms, and cognitive function.

Methods
We collected general information on 411 DNFE schizophrenia patients and divided them into obese and nonobese groups according to body mass index (BMI). Glucolipid metabolic parameters of patients were collected. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was performed for assessing patients' psychopathological symptoms. Cognitive function was observed and evaluated in both groups. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to assess factors related to BMI, while we conducted multiple stepwise regression analysis for determining risk factors for obesity.

Results
Obesity occurred in 60.34% of DNFE patients with schizophrenia, whereas the obese group had notably higher BMI value and waist-to-hip ratio than the nonobese group (P < 0.05). Obese patients had markedly higher levels of blood glucose, insulin, apolipoprotein B, total triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol versus nonobese patients (P < 0.05). Besides, the disease severity and cognitive function were dramatically lower in the obese group. Results of multiple stepwise regression analysis demonstrated negative symptoms, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood glucose levels as the risk factors for comorbid obesity in DNFE patients with schizophrenia.

Conclusions
The detection rate of obesity was high in DNFE patients with schizophrenia, and there was an intrinsic association between obesity and glucolipid metabolism, clinical symptoms, and cognitive function among them. Our study will provide a theoretical foundation for the diagnosis of obesity in DNFE patients with schizophrenia and the development of effective early interventions.
Amantadine for Refractory Tremor in Parkinson Disease and Other Indications: A Chart Review With Long-Term Follow-up
Authors: Friedman Joseph H. 
Published: July 2023

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine how amantadine was used in a movement disorders clinic and how effective it was.

Methods
A chart review over a 2-month period in 2022 of all patients in a movement disorders clinic who had ever taken amantadine was undertaken.

Results
One hundred six charts were included. Amantadine was initiated primarily for tremor and secondly for l-dopa–induced dyskinesias (LIDs). Sixty-two percent of tremor patients improved and tolerated amantadine; 74% of those with LID improved and tolerated the drug. Hallucinations occurred in 23%. Initiating amantadine as a syrup allowed a more conservative titration than other formulations, which is attractive given the high percentage of hallucinations that may occur. Patients who tolerated drug initiation were generally kept on the drug for many years.

Conclusions
Amantadine should be considered as adjunctive therapy in Parkinson disease patients with refractory tremor as well as for LIDs.
“Current Practices and Attitudes towards Magnetic Resonance Imaging Safety during Pregnancy in Egyptian Healthcare Facilities: A Survey Study”
Authors: Ibrahim Moataz 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used diagnostic tool, but its safety during pregnancy remains a topic of concern. This study aimed to assess the current practices and attitudes towards MRI safety during pregnancy in Egypt.MethodsA survey was conducted among 41 MRI facilities across the country, with a response rate of 85%. The survey assessed patient load, safety protocols, screening procedures, administration of contrast agents, follow-up assessments, and consent requirements for MRI during pregnancy.ResultsThe majority of facilities (45%) reported a patient load between 100 and 200 exams per month. Regarding safety protocols, only 28% of facilities had a written policy on the exposure of pregnant patients to magnetic fields, while a mere 12% had a written policy on the exposure of pregnant health workers to MRI. Although 86% of facilities had a special MRI screening form, 27% did not consistently inquire about pregnancy during the screening procedure. Only 32% of facilities administered MRI contrast agents to pregnant patients when necessary. None of the facilities conducted regular follow-up assessments for babies exposed to the magnetic field in utero. Approximately 62% of facilities required special consent for MRI during pregnancy, with the patient herself (38%) and the husband (28%) being the common signatories.ConclusionThe study highlights the need for enhanced awareness and implementation of MRI safety guidelines during pregnancy in Egyptian healthcare facilities. Standardized protocols, improved screening procedures, regular follow-up assessments, and informed consent are crucial to ensure the safety and well-being of pregnant patients and healthcare workers. These findings provide a basis for future research and policy development to optimize MRI safety practices in Egypt.
The irregular fruit green netting: An eggplant domestication trait controlled by theSmGLK2gene with implications in fruit colour diversification
Authors: Arrones Andrea , Manrique Silvia , Baraja-Fonseca Virginia , Plazas Mariola , Prohens Jaime , Portis Ezio , Barchi Lorenzo , Giuliano Giovanni , Gramazio Pietro , Vilanova Santiago 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe distribution of chlorophylls in the eggplant (Solanum melongena) fruit peel can be uniform or display an irregular green netting pattern. The fruit green netting phenotype, manifested as a gradient of dark green netting, more intense in the proximal part of the fruit on a pale green background, is commonly present in eggplant wild relatives as well as in some eggplant landraces. During domestication and modern breeding of eggplant, uniform fruit colour has been selected. However, the fruit green netting contributes to a greater diversity of fruit colours. Here, we have used over 2,300 individuals from several germplasm and experimental populations, including a multi-parental MAGIC population for candidate genomic region identification, an F2population for BSA-Seq, and advanced backcrosses for edges-to-core fine mapping, to determine thatSmGLK2is the gene underlying the irregular netting in eggplant fruits. We have also analysed the gene sequence of 178S. melongenaaccessions and 22 wild relative species for tracing the evolutionary changes that the gene has undergone over the course of domestication. Three different mutations were identified leading to the absence of netting. The main causative indel results in the appearance of a premature stop codon disrupting the protein conformation and function, which was confirmed by Western blotting analysis and confocal microscopy observations.SmGLK2has a major role in the regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis in eggplant fruit peel, and therefore in eggplant fruit photosynthesis.
DDASR: Domain-Distance Adapted Super-Resolution Reconstruction of MR Brain Images
Authors: Cong Shan , Cui Kailong , Yang Yuzun , Zhou Yang , Wang Xinxin , Luo Haoran , Zhang Yichi , Yao Xiaohui 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHigh detail and fast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences are highly demanded in clinical settings, as inadequate imaging information can lead to diagnostic difficulties. MR image super-resolution (SR) is a promising way to address this issue, but its performance is limited due to the practical difficulty of acquiring paired low- and high-resolution (LR and HR) images. Most existing methods generate these pairs by down-sampling HR images, a process that often fails to capture complex degradations and domain-specific variations. In this study, we propose a domain-distance adapted SR framework (DDASR), which includes two stages: the domain-distance adapted down-sampling network (DSN) and the GAN-based super-resolution network (SRN). The DSN incorporates characteristics from unpaired LR images during down-sampling process, enabling the generation of domain-adapted LR images. Additionally, we present a novel GAN with enhanced attention U-Net and multi-layer perceptual loss. The proposed approach yields visually convincing textures and successfully restores outdated MRI data from the ADNI1 dataset, outperforming state-of-the-art SR approaches in both perceptual and quantitative evaluations. Code is available athttps://github.com/Yaolab-fantastic/DDASR.
Disentangling gene expression burden identifies generalizable phenotypes induced by synthetic gene networks
Authors: Hasnain Aqib , Borujeni Amin Espah , Park Yongjin , Becker Diveena , Maschhoff Paul , Urrutia Joshua , Rydell Linus , Balakrishnan Shara , Dorfan Yuval , Voigt Christopher A. , Yeung Enoch 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLarge-scale genetic circuits are rapidly becoming critical components for the next generation of biotechnologies and living therapeutics. However, the relationship between synthetic and host gene expression is poorly understood. To reveal the impact of genetic circuits on their host, we measure the transcriptional response of wild-type and engineeredE. coliMG1655 subject to seven genomically integrated circuits and two plasmid-based circuits across 4 growth time points and 4 circuit input states resulting in 1007 transcriptional profiles. We train a classifier to distinguish profiles from wild-type or engineered strains and use the classifier to identify synthetic construct burdened genes, i.e., genes whose dysregulation is dependent on the presence of a genetic circuit and not what is encoded on the circuit. We develop a deep learning architecture, capable of disentangling influence of combinations of perturbations, to model the impact that synthetic genes have on their host. We use the model to hypothesize a generalizable, synthetic cell state phenotype and validate the phenotype through antibiotic challenge experiments. The synthetic cell state results in increased resistance toβ-lactam antibiotics in gram-negative bacteria. This work enhances our understanding of circuit impact by quantifying the disruption of host biological processes and can guide the design of robust genetic circuits with minimal burden or uncover novel biological circuits and phenotypes.
Mitochondria Exhibit Changes in Morphology/Function to Support Increased Glutamate Release in TauP301LNeurons Prior to Reduction in Presynaptic Vesicle Release
Authors: Cotter Rachel , Hellums Morgan , Gray Delaney , Batista David , Pfitzer Jeremiah , Reed Miranda N. , Gramlich Michael W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe have shown that tauopathy models display early-stage hyperexcitability due to increased presynaptic glutamate release that is mediated by an increase in vesicular glutamate transporter-1 (VGlut1). This hyperexcitability increases energy demand which in turn would increase demand on mitochondria. It is unclear, however, how early-stage presynaptic changes in glutamate release are supported by or influence the function of mitochondria. Using Large Area Scanning Electron Microscopy (LA-SEM) and fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate that mitochondrial changes in morphology, structure, and function in CA1/CA3 hippocampal neurons decrease resting mitochondrial membrane potential in P301L mice. However, P301L mitochondria maintain a high membrane potential during levels of high activity, suggesting that they can support increased energy demand during hyperexcitability. These activity-dependent differences in membrane potential can be rescued by inhibiting ATP-dependent VGlut1 vesicle refilling. This indicates that the increased VGlut1 per vesicle observed in P301L mice contributes to the differences in mitochondria membrane potential. Notably, the mitochondrial dysfunction in P301L mice occurs before any observable alterations in presynaptic release mechanics, suggesting these changes may represent early therapeutic targets. Finally, we propose a model of increased glutamate-mediated changes in mitochondrial morphology and function in P301L neurons that represents a potentially targetable pathway to reduce or arrest neurodegeneration.
Delineation of the Trigeminal-Lateral Parabrachial-Central Amygdala Tract in Humans: An Ultra-High Field Diffusion MRI Study
Authors: Kaya Batu , Cioffi Iacopo , Moayedi Massieh 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTOrofacial pain is thought to be more unpleasant than pain elsewhere in the body due to the importance of the face in social, feeding, and exploratory behaviors. Nociceptive information from the orofacial region is carried to the brain via the trigeminal nerve (CNV) via the trigeminal brainstem sensory nuclear complex (VBSNC). Pre-clinical evidence revealed a monosynaptic circuit from CNV to the lateral parabrachial nucleus (latPB), which underlies the greater unpleasantness elicited by orofacial pain. The latPB further projects to the central amygdala (CeA), which contributes to the affective component of pain in rodents. However, this circuit has yet to be delineated in humans. Here, we aimed to resolve this circuit using 7T diffusion-weighted imaging from the Human Connectome Project (HCP). We performed probabilistic tractography in 80 participants to resolve the CNV-latPB-CeA circuit. The basolateral amygdala (BLAT) was used as a negative control, given that we did not anticipate CNV-latPB-BLAT connectivity. Connectivity strengths were compared using a repeated-measures ANOVA with factors ‘hemisphere’ (left; right), and ‘target’ (CeA; BLAT), with sex included in the model for both pilot and validation samples. Only the ‘target’ factor was significant in both samples (FPilot= 11.4804,p= 0.005;FValidation= 69.113, p < .001).Post hoctests showed that the CeA had significantly stronger connectivity strength than the BLAT (pTukey-Pilot= 0.005;pTukey-Validation< 0.001). □This study delineates the human CNV-latPB-CeA circuit for the first timein vivo.This circuit may provide a neuroanatomical substrate for the affective dimensions of orofacial pain.SUMMARYThis study delineates the human trigeminal-parabrachio-amygdalar circuitin vivo.This circuit may provide a neuroanatomical substrate for the affective dimension of orofacial pain.
Maternal adaptations in mouse lactation are vulnerable to diet-induced excess adiposity
Authors: Breznik Jessica A. , Ribeiro Tatiane A. , Yeo Erica , Kennelly Brianna K. E. , Wang Xuanyu , Quin Candice , Cowbrough Braeden , Verdú Elena F. , Bowdish Dawn M. E. , Sloboda Deborah M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLifetime maternal risk of obesity is increased by excess gestational weight gain, which alters maternal metabolic adaptations in pregnancy, but the effects of excess weight retention/adiposity in the early postpartum period have not been extensively studied. The pathophysiology of excess adiposity and its accompanying immunometabolic dysregulation are associated with impaired intestinal barrier function in both non-pregnant and pregnant contexts. Using a mouse model, we investigated effects of diet-induced excess adiposity on maternal physiological adaptations during lactation. We report that in lactation, excess adiposity altered maternal intestinal morphology, influenced local immune cell composition and phenotype, increased intestinal permeability, and altered whole-body glucose metabolism as well as peripheral inflammation and immune cell composition. Many of these effects persisted two months post-lactation in mice with excess adiposity. Our findings have important implications for the development of interventions for periconceptual/perinatal excess adiposity and emphasize that further studies are needed to better understand effects of excess adiposity on maternal postpartum health.
Melatonin Targets MoIcl1 and Works Synergistically with Fungicide Isoprothiolane in Rice Blast Control
Authors: Bi Ruiqing , Li Renjian , Xu Zhenyi , Cai Huanyu , Zhao Juan , Zhou Yaru , Wu Bangting , Sun Peng , Yang Wei , Zheng Lu , Chen Xiao-Lin , Luo Chao-Xi , Teng Huailong , Li Qiang , Li Guotian 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTMelatonin-a natural harmless molecule-displays versatile roles in human health and crop disease control such as for rice blast. Rice blast, caused by the filamentous fungusMagnaporthe oryzae, is one devastating disease of rice. Application of fungicides is one of the major measures in the control of various crop diseases. However, fungicide resistance in the pathogen and relevant environmental pollution are becoming serious problems. By screening for possible synergistic combinations, here, we discovered an eco-friendly combination for rice blast control, melatonin and the fungicide isoprothiolane. These compounds together exhibited significant synergistic inhibitory effects on vegetative growth, conidial germination, appressorium formation, penetration, and plant infection byM. oryzae. The combination of melatonin and isoprothiolane reduced the effective concentration of isoprothiolane by over 10-fold as well as residual levels of isoprothiolane. Transcriptomics and lipidomics revealed that melatonin and isoprothiolane synergistically interfered with lipid metabolism by regulating many common targets, including the predicted isocitrate lyase-encoding geneMoICL1. Furthermore, we show that melatonin and isoprothiolane interact with MoIcl1 using different techniques. This study demonstrates that melatonin and isoprothiolane function synergistically and can be used to reduce the dosage and residual level of isoprothiolane, potentially contributing to the environment-friendly and sustainable control of crop diseases.
Peripheral vascular strand development in nodules is controlled by a bHLH/HLH heterodimer
Authors: Srivastava Deevita , Ghosh Asim , Udvardi Michael , Ranjan Aashish , Sinharoy Senjuti 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOnly the Leguminosae family can develop root nodules with peripheral vasculature, an adaptation that grants them an advantage in optimizing nitrogen fixation efficiency.Medicago truncatuladevelops indeterminate nodules that possess peripheral vascular-strands encircling the central infection zone. How vascular-strands shifted from the nodule central part to the periphery remains unresolved. Here we show, MtbHLH1 (renamed as Nodule Vascular bundle Development 1) is required for the proper organization of vascular strands. Innvd1nodules, vascular strands pass through the infection zone.NVD2, an HLH transcription factor that lacks a DNA-binding domain, is activated by NVD1. Mutantnvd2nodules display a similar partially central vasculature.NVD2is expressed along the nodule vascular bundle and NVD2:GFP fusion protein localizes to the nodule vascular endodermis. The formation of the peripheral vasculature is dependent on the proper stoichiometry of NVD1 and NVD2 heterodimers, as NVD2 controls NVD1-mediated transcriptional activation by sequestering NVD1. Transcription ofNVD1is activated by auxin and Auxin Responsive transcription Factor (MtARF5). Transcriptome sequencing ofnvd1andnvd2nodules and visualization ofin situauxin and cytokinin signal outputs indicated aberrant auxin/cytokinin balance in these nodules. Our findings showed that the NVD1-NVD2 heterodimer plays a key role in the formation of an orderly peripheral vascular bundle around Medicago nodules.