bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actual folivory in bats: whole leaves as a formerly dismissed trophic item and a potential avenue for self-medication
Authors: Muñoz-Romo Mariana , Cohen Gregg , Page Rachel A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To date, leaf consumption in bats has not been considered ‘true folivory’ because bats chew bits of leaves, extract and swallow their juices, and discard their fibre. The term ‘leaf fractionation’ is used to distinguish this behaviour from true folivory, or the consumption of full leaves, such as exhibited by herbivores. For over three decades, it has been posited that the consumption of entire leaves — leaf fibre included — would require a digestive system incompatible with bats’ ability to fly. Natural history observations can amend long-accepted assumptions, however. We observed a common Neotropical frugivorous bat consuming mature leaves in their entirety, without discarding any part. This anecdotal observation begs further investigation, opening the possibility for a shift in our current understanding of bat feeding behaviour. Because the consumption and digestion of whole leaves leave no readily observable trace (i.e., no dropped remains below the roost), this behaviour may be more prevalent than previously appreciated. While feeding exclusively on leaves remains unlikely in bats, our anecdotal observation reveals that true folivory does indeed take place. Our objective in publishing this observation is to invite research on the role of whole leaves in the diets of bats and their physiological implications. Exploring the effect of leaf consumption on potential self-medication is also paramount. Bats, long recognized for their spectacular dietary diversity, may now be known to feed not only on insects, fruit, nectar, pollen, vertebrates, and blood, but also on entire leaves.
Cosmic Flow and Human Action: Philosophical Intersections between the Yijing and Whitehead’s Process Cosmology
Authors: Hon Tze-ki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article explores the philosophical framework underpinning the Yijing (Book of Changes) and its resonance with the thought of Arthur North Whitehead, whose process cosmology has been well received within scholarship on Chinese philosophy. It examines sinologists’ interpretations of the Yijing through the lens of Whitehead’s process cosmology, highlighting key similarities in their metaphysical view of reality as dynamic and interwoven. However, while Whitehead’s philosophy, like other Western frameworks such as modern physics, focuses on understanding the fundamental “stuff” of the universe, the Yijing’s cosmology of change shifts attention to human action within this unpredictable world. Through analysis of the Xici zhuan commentary, the article investigates the role of symbolic representation, divination, and moral choice in the Yijing’s guidance on how one perceives, lives, and acts within this ever-unfolding universe, thereby encompassing not just cosmology but also epistemology and ethics.
Українське шули(я)к: трансформація семантики лексичного архаїзму
Authors: Гороф’янюк [Horofianiuk] Інна [Inna] 
Published: January 2025

The Ukrainian shulу(a)k: Transformation of the Semantics of a Lexical Archaism
This article explores the semantic field of the lexeme shulу(a)k, which in Ukrainian dialects is known with the meanings ‘bird of prey from the hawk family’, ‘ceremonial cake’, ‘holiday’, ‘underdeveloped head of cabbage’. Based on the lexical material of Podilian and other Ukrainian dialects, the study traces their etymological and denotative connection and identifies our ancestors’ common idea about the denotations which are distant from one another today. It also reveals a connection between the name of the dish shulу(a)ky and the historical Podilian custom of “chasing the shulу(a)k”. The analysis of Ukrainian dialectal lexemes with the element shu- makes it possible to classify them into two groups of names. The first one are words with the sememe ‘defectiveness’ – names for people, animals, plants and clothes. The second group includes words with the sememe ‘sudden movement downwards’. We assign the name of a bird of prey from the hawk family to the second group and consider it to be primary in the semantic chain ‘bird’ → ‘holiday’ → ‘dish’.

Ukraiński шули(я)к: zmiany semantyki archaizmu leksykalnego
Artykuł jest poświęcony badaniu pola semantycznego leksemu шули(я)к, który w gwarach ukraińskich znany jest w znaczeniu ‘ptak drapieżny z rodziny jastrzębiowatych’, ‘ciasto obrzędowe’, ‘święto’, ‘niedorozwinięta główka kapusty’. Na materiale słownictwa podolskiego i słownictwa innych gwar ukraińskich prześledzono związek etymologiczny i denotacyjny, ustalono jedność wyobrażeń naszych przodków o oddalonych obecnie denotatach. Prześledzono związek nazwy potrawy шули(я)ки z dawnym podolskim zwyczajem гонити шуляка ‘przeganiać szulaka’. Po przeanalizowaniu znanych w gwarach ukraińskich leksemów, w których występuje element шу-, zdefiniowano dwie grupy nazw. Pierwsza łączy wyrazy z sememem ‘niepełnowartościowość’ i reprezentuje nazwy ludzi, zwierząt, roślin i ubrań. Druga grupa nazw łączy wyrazy z sememem ‘nagły ruch z góry na dół’. To do niej przypisujemy nazwę ptaka drapieżnego z rodziny jastrzębiowatych, którą uważamy za pierwotną w łańcuchu semantycznym ‘ptak’ → ‘święto’ → ‘potrawa’.
Unstable Relationship between Tropical Indian Ocean SST and Spring Drought on the Loess Plateau Modulated by Interdecadal Variability of ENSO
Authors: Li Hua , Wang Junyu , Yuan Xing , Liu Yong , Li Huixin , Ma Feng , Zhou Botao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Loess Plateau (LP) is recognized as a region highly vulnerable to climate change, particularly susceptible to spring droughts. Spring drought intensity is crucial as it significantly impacts crop growth and the occurrence of dust storms. However, the underlying mechanisms of spring droughts in the LP remain unclear. This study investigates the relationship between spring drought intensity in the LP and interannual sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the tropical Indian Ocean (SST_TIO). We found that this relationship is negatively correlated but exhibits instability. It was significant during 1963–2001, a time characterized by homogeneous SST_TIO changes, and became insignificant during 2002–21, during which SST_TIO changes were inhomogeneous. Homogeneous SST_TIO changes appear to stimulate atmospheric wave trains emanating from North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, influencing precipitation patterns in the LP via the anomalous height in Northeast Asia. In contrast, inhomogeneous SST_TIO changes do not have this effect. Additionally, the impact of homogeneous SST_TIO changes on LP’s spring precipitation during 1963–2001 was slightly enhanced by synergistic SSTAs in the tropical eastern Pacific–Atlantic Oceans; sensitivity experiments of numerical model confirm the above physical processes. Moreover, these synergistic changes in the TIO and tropical Pacific–Atlantic are modulated by the interdecadal variability of the preceding winter El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). SSTAs in the Indian Ocean exhibit more homogeneous distributions and a closer linkage with the tropical Pacific–Atlantic during the periods with stronger ENSO variability. Conversely, when the ENSO variability is weak, inhomogeneous SSTAs of the Indian Ocean have a weaker relation with the tropical Pacific–Atlantic regions.
Impact of Downwelling-Favorable Winds on Eddy Formation in the West Greenland Current
Authors: Shu Ruiqi , Gou Ruijian , Pennelly Clark , Deng Yaocheng , Wu Lixin , Xiao Ke , Huang Yitian , Myers Paul G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Downwelling-favorable winds off the west Greenland coast induce onshore Ekman transport, thereby limiting freshwater influx into the interior of the Labrador Sea. Although the eddies shed by the West Greenland Current (WGC) provide an important freshwater source, the role of the downwelling-favorable winds in eddy formation is still largely unknown. Using the output of a very-high-resolution (1/60°) model, combined with idealized model experiments, we find that the downwelling-favorable winds push denser water over lighter water, which leads to a gain in available potential energy (APE). Although symmetric instability attenuates eddy formation by flattening isopycnals, the net effect of downwelling-favorable wind is a more baroclinic front along the WGC and increased buoyant eddy formation, which provides an additional freshwater flux into the convective interior of the Labrador Sea.
Behavior of waste tire rubber composites reinforced with waste fibers
Authors: Haddaji Khadija , Rim Cheriaa , Boubaker Jaouachi 
Published: January 2025

In the present study, two types of waste tire rubber particles, powder (TRP) and granules (TRG), are characterized to evaluate their behavior as a matrix in reinforced composite samples based on waste wool fibers (WWF) and waste glass fibers (WGlF). Waste tire rubber was first characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry. Wasted fibers were characterized in terms of surface morphology, length, diameter and correspondent FTIR spectrums were also analyzed. Composites were then prepared using a Taguchi experimental design to evaluate the influence of the size of particles (powder and granules), the reinforcement rate (0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6%) and the consolidation time (45 min, 60 min and 75 min) on composite porosity, tensile strength and hardness. Samples were prepared using a thermopressing process at 180°C, under a compression force of 2 MPa. The optimum process parameters ensuring high tensile strength of the composite were: TRP as matrix and WWF (0.6%) as reinforcement during 75 min consolidation time. 0.6% WWF reinforcement rate contributes to a 64.7% increase in tensile strength and to a 19.5% increase in hardness. Reinforcement of waste tire rubber (WTR) with waste fibers reduces the porosity of composite materials, especially using WGlF.
Evaluation and analysis of the transmission route of sigmoid sinus tinnitus by HRCT of the temporal bone: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Kang Houyong , Ouyang Xi , Xiang Bin , Wen Xiaodong , Xiao Jing , Hou Jie , Yang Dongbao 
Published: January 2025

Objective This study aims to analyze anatomical parameters of the transmission route of sigmoid sinus tinnitus (SST) to explore its mechanism and speculate on possible responsible anatomical abnormalities. Methods Clinical data were retrospectively collected from SST and sigmoid sinus wall dehiscence (SSWD) patients suggested by temporal bone high resolution computed tomography (HRCT), with and without tinnitus, at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2015 to August 2022. Patients were divided into SSWD tinnitus ( n = 61), and non-tinnitus ( n = 60) groups based on HRCT features. Mimics Medical 22.0 and 3-matic Medical 13.0 software measured curvature of the sigmoid sinus bone wall, defect distribution, related parameters, distance to the tympanic sinus and cochlear window, degree of mastoid pneumatization, temporal bone air chamber surface area, volume, and S/V value. Mechanisms were analyzed by comparing clinical data and imaging anatomical parameters between groups. Results The tinnitus group was significantly younger and had more severe low-frequency hearing loss ( P = 0.002). The degree of mastoid pneumatization was significantly lower in the tinnitus group ( P = 0.032). The volume of the temporal bone air chamber was smaller ( P = 0.020), and the S/V value was higher in the tinnitus group ( P = 0.001). Bone wall defects in the lower curvature were protective against tinnitus ( P = 0.007, OR = 0.071). Larger maximum transverse diameter of the defect increased tinnitus risk ( P = 0.030, OR = 1.875). Higher S/V value was also a significant risk factor ( P = 0.009, OR = 24.210). Conclusions SST patients exhibit significant female and right-sided predominance, with low-frequency hearing loss. Defects in the superior curvature and descending part of the sigmoid groove are more likely to cause tinnitus. Larger transverse diameters and higher S/V values are independent risk factors for tinnitus. Over-pneumatized temporal bones do not facilitate transmission of sigmoid sinus blood flow murmur, highlighting the importance of specific anatomical features in SST development.
Association between weight-adjusted waist index and obstructive sleep apnea among adults in the United States: data from NHANES (2005–2008 and 2015–2018)
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhai Yong , Wang Jing , Han Xu , Si Wurong , Zhou Yizhong 
Published: January 2025

Objective We aimed to examine the relationship between the weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition often caused by obesity, which remains unclear. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey among adults in the United States (US) aged 20 to 65 years, covering the periods 2005 to 2008 and 2015 to 2018. The study included 8278 participants; we used multivariate logistic regression, restricted cubic splines, and subgroup analyses to explore the relationship between WWI and OSA. Results After adjusting for all covariates, each unit increase in WWI was associated with a 30% increase in OSA prevalence (odds ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval: 1.20–1.40). Conclusions These findings suggest that WWI, an index reflecting abdominal obesity, can provide important insights into OSA risk assessment. Its strong association with OSA highlights its potential utility in predicting OSA prevalence, particularly among diverse subpopulations. The WWI was associated with a higher prevalence of OSA among US adults and may serve as a valuable tool for risk assessment, early screening, and intervention strategies in clinical practice.
Regional Patellar Tendon Strain in the Short- and Long-term After ACL Reconstruction Using Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone Autograft
Authors: Durigan João Luiz Quaglioti , Ito Naoaki , Scattone Silva Rodrigo , Grävare Silbernagel Karin 
Published: January 2025

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) often involves harvesting a bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) autograft. How graft harvest affects tendon strain across the 3 distinct regions (medial, lateral, and central) is not known. Purpose: To (1) quantify strain in the 3 regions of the patellar tendon during 60% of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in 90° of knee flexion and (2) assess how effort level in 2 different knee joint angles (60° and 90°) impacts strain in the medial and lateral regions of the patellar tendon, in 2 cohorts of patients after ACLR using a BPTB autograft (one group <24 months after surgery and another group ≥24 months after surgery). Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Effort levels ranging from 20% to 100% of MVIC were performed at 90° and 60° of knee flexion on an isokinetic dynamometer, with simultaneous ultrasound imaging of tendon length to calculate regional strain. Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate regional strain at 60% of MVIC in 90° of knee flexion. The fixed effects of percentage of MVIC, joint angles, and time from surgery groups on patellar tendon strain were evaluated using separate models for the medial and lateral regions. Results: Fourteen participants in the short-term group (7.5 ± 1.9 months from surgery) and 15 participants in the long-term group (71.5 ± 16.5 months from surgery) were included. At 60% of MVIC in 90° of knee flexion, the short-term group demonstrated lower patellar tendon strain than the long-term group regardless of region ( P < .01). The central region also had lower strain than the medial and lateral regions regardless of group (both P < .01). Finally, the rate at which strain increased with increasing effect levels differed between time from surgery groups in both medial and lateral regions. Conclusion: The short-term group had lower strain in all regions of the patellar tendon after ACLR using BPTB autograft. The medial and lateral regions showed varying strain based on time from surgery and effort level. Varying knee joint angles and effort levels for graft site rehabilitation may have to be considered to target specific regions of the patellar tendon. Clinical Relevance: Clinicians should consider the time elapsed since surgery and the manipulation of knee angle as factors that can exert varying levels of strain on different regions of the patellar tendon after ACLR. Accelerating quadriceps strengthening to enhance strain distribution across the patellar tendon to promote tendon healing may be of benefit for optimizing postsurgery rehabilitation.
Hepatitis nursing robot based on RP-lidarA1 sensor
Authors: Dai Yunxia , Xue Bei , Zhang Qian , Shao Juxiang 
Published: January 2025

Background To alleviate the workload of medical staff and provide personalized care for hepatitis patients, this study focuses on developing a hepatitis care robot. Objective The objective of this study is to integrate the RP-lidarA1 sensor into a hepatitis care robot to achieve high-precision environmental perception, mapping, and navigation, thereby improving healthcare services. Methods The RP-lidarA1 sensor was utilized for environmental scanning, and the MPU6050 chip was used to collect attitude data. An improved RBPF-SLAM algorithm was employed for high-precision map construction. For positioning and navigation, a combination of the A* algorithm and Dynamic Window Approach (DWA) algorithm was used to optimize path planning and obstacle avoidance. Results Simulation experiments demonstrated that the improved algorithm reduced the number of particles to 50 in a 140 m2 area and shortened the map construction time to 1200 s. The A* algorithm effectively planned optimal paths, while the DWA algorithm improved navigation efficiency. Satisfaction surveys indicated that 92.4% of hepatitis patients and 81.8% of nurses were highly satisfied with the robot's performance. Conclusions The hepatitis care robot integrating the RP-lidarA1 sensor showed excellent performance in autonomous navigation, map construction, and obstacle avoidance, significantly enhancing the quality and efficiency of medical services.
Vitamin K Antagonist Use and Level of Anticoagulation Control Among Patients at a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Tanzania
Authors: Gharib Sarah K. , Sadiq Abid M. , Raza Faryal M. , Muhali Sophia S. , Marandu Annette A. , Kyala Norman J. , Ndale Eliasa K. , Maro Venance P. , Howlett William P. , Mkwizu Elifuraha W. , Chamba Nyasatu G. , Lyamuya Furaha S. , Shao Elichilia R. , Kilonzo Kajiru G. 
Published: January 2025

Background Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) continue to be the principal anticoagulants for both the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism. The use of VKA often requires regular monitoring to avoid over-anticoagulation and prevent thromboembolic complications. The aim was to determine the indication for VKA use and factors associated with suboptimal anticoagulation control among patients in northern Tanzania. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study that examined the anticoagulation data of patients on long-term VKA from 1st January 2020 to 31st December 2022. Eligible participants were those on VKAs for at least 7 days and with at least 3 international normalized ratio (INR) results. The level of anticoagulation control was determined through the calculation of the time-in-therapeutic range (TiTR) using the Rosendaal and the percent of INR in therapeutic range methods. Results TiTR was found to be 17% using the direct method and 16% using the Rosendaal formula. 102 tests out of 365 were within the target range (28%). Absence of health insurance (aRR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.06-1.44, P = .007), alcohol consumption (aRR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.15-1.62, P < .001), and prolonged intervals between tests of 14 to 28 days (aRR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.05-1.74, P = .018) showed association with INR being out of range. Conclusion Patients who achieved target therapeutic anticoagulation control were less than the acceptable 65%. Anticoagulation outcomes were better in patients with frequent INR monitoring and those with health insurance. Alcohol consumption carries a high risk of poor anticoagulation control. Further studies are needed to enforce better INR control.
Association of Fibrinogen Aα Thr312Ala (rs6050) Polymorphism with Venous Thrombosis and Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cheng Han , Yang Haozhe , Zhang Yantong , Wei Zhanxu , Xia Lei , Yang Jing 
Published: January 2025

Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) comprises deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) typically arises from acute pulmonary embolism. The pathogenesis of them involves multiple risk factors such as genetic predisposition. However, the findings from these studies are not entirely consistent. This study aims to investigate the association between FGA rs6050 polymorphism and susceptibility to thrombotic diseases. Methods We searched PubMed, OVID, Web of Science, Academic Search Ultimate, CNKI, and Wan Fang database. To assess the strength of associations, we calculated pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in different genetic models. Additionally, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analysis, and assessment of publication bias were also carried out. Results A total of 11 studies, including 9 reported results on VTE (3856 individuals [1545 cases]) and 3 on CTEPH (761 participants [350 cases]), revealed a significant association between the rs6050 polymorphism and susceptibility to both VTE and CTEPH. The A allele was consistently linked to an elevated risk of VTE across all genetic models (allele, homozygote, heterozygote, recessive, and dominant model), while it was also associated with an increased risk of CTEPH under all genetic models excluding the recessive model. Furthermore, subgroup analysis among ethnic groups revealed a significant association between rs6050 polymorphisms and VTE in both Caucasians and Asians under all genetic models. In Africans, the association with VTE was only observed for rs6050 polymorphisms in dominant and heterozygous models. Conclusions The FGA rs6050 polymorphism is positively associated with susceptibility to VTE and CTEPH.
Plasma glucagon-like peptide-2 in cats with chronic enteropathies
Authors: Jugan Maria C , Plattner Brandon L , Ford Alexandra K , Freilich Leah , Bieberly Zackery , Schermerhorn Thomas 
Published: January 2025

Objectives The objective of this study was to compare plasma glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) concentrations in cats with chronic enteropathies (CE) with those of healthy cats. Methods Nineteen client-owned cats with a histopathologic diagnosis of either idiopathic chronic enteropathy (CIE) or low-grade lymphoma and six healthy client-owned cats were enrolled in a prospective study between 2 December 2021 and 9 June 2023. Fasted and postprandial plasma GLP-2 concentrations were measured via ELISA in CE cats at the time gastrointestinal biopsies were obtained and before CE treatment. In cats with a histopathologic diagnosis of CIE, plasma GLP-2 concentrations were re-evaluated after 1 month of CE treatment. Results There was no significant difference in plasma GLP-2 concentrations between healthy cats (0.53 ng/ml) and cats with CE (0.52 ng/ml). GLP-2 concentrations in cats with CIE were not significantly different following 1 month of treatment (0.43 ng/ml) from those at initial presentation (0.44 ng/ml). Conclusions and relevance GLP-2 can be successfully detected in the plasma of cats with CE. Based on the lack of differences observed between this population of CE cats and healthy cats, GLP-2 cannot be recommended as a biomarker of feline CE using this ELISA method. Further investigation of larger CE cat populations and analytic methods would be needed to determine the overall utility of GLP-2 evaluation in feline CE.