bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic structure and first genome‐wide insights into the adaptation of a wild relative of grapevine, Vitis berlandieri
Authors: Blois Louis , de Miguel Marina , Bert Pierre‐François , Girollet Nabil , Ollat Nathalie , Rubio Bernadette , Segura Vincent , Voss‐Fels Kai P. , Schmid Joachim , Marguerit Elisa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn grafted plants, such as grapevine, increasing the diversity of rootstocks available to growers is an ideal strategy for helping plants to adapt to climate change. The rootstocks used for grapevine are hybrids of various American Vitis, including V. berlandieri. The rootstocks currently use in vineyards are derived from breeding programs involving very small numbers of parental individuals. We investigated the structure of a natural population of V. berlandieri and the association of genetic diversity with environmental variables. In this study, we collected seeds from 78 wild V. berlandieri plants in Texas after open fertilization. We genotyped 286 individuals to describe the structure of the population, and environmental information collected at the sampling site made it possible to perform genome–environment association analysis (GEA). De novo long‐read whole‐genome sequencing was performed on V. berlandieri and a STRUCTURE analysis was performed. We identified and filtered 104,378 SNPs. We found that there were two subpopulations associated with differences in elevation, temperature, and rainfall between sampling sites. GEA identified three QTL for elevation and 15 QTL for PCA coordinates based on environmental parameter variability. This original study is the first GEA study to be performed on a population of grapevines sampled in natural conditions. Our results shed new light on rootstock genetics and could open up possibilities for introducing greater diversity into genetic improvement programs for grapevine rootstocks.
Human land use is comparable to climate as a driver of global plant occurrence and abundance across life forms
Authors: McKeon Caroline M. , Kelly Ruth , Börger Luca , De Palma Adriana , Buckley Yvonne M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimHistorically, climate has been a dominant driver of global vegetation patterns. Recently, ecological understanding has been updated to acknowledge the influence of human land use (the dominant driver of biodiversity change) in shaping global vegetation patterns. We test whether Raunkiær's life form, a plant classification system designed to reflect climatic drivers, affects how plants respond to both land use and climate.LocationForty‐one countries across six continents.Time period1990 to 2013.Major taxa studiedTerrestrial plants.MethodsCombining data from the biodiversity and land use database PREDICTS, and plant trait databases TRY and BIEN, we use generalized linear mixed models with weighted effects coding to test whether Raunkiær's life form affects plant response to land use and climate in over 4800 species at over 300 sites globally.ResultsWe provide evidence that human land use is comparable to climate in influencing life form occurrence and that land use produces divergent outcomes across life forms.Main conclusionsCombined with climatic suitability, land use acts as a filter contracting the realized niche of trees and expanding the realized niche of disturbance‐tolerant species. Our results highlight the fundamental role of human activity in shaping species' distribution.
All inside our heads? A critical discursive review of unconscious bias training in the sciences
Authors: Möller Christian , Passam Saffron , Riley Sarah , Robson Martine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn response to persistent systemic gendered and racial exclusions in the sciences, unconscious or implicit bias training is now widely established as an organizational intervention in Higher Education (HE). Recent systematic reviews have considered the efficacy of unconscious bias training (UBT) but not the wider characteristics and effects of the interventions themselves. Guided by feminist scholarship in critical psychology and post‐structuralist discourse theory, this article critically examines UBT across STEMM and in HE institutions with a discursive analysis of published studies. Drawn from systematic searches in 4 databases, we identify three types of UBT reported in 22 studies with considerable variation in intervention types, target groups, and evaluation methods. Guided by limited cognitive problematizations of unconscious bias as a problem located inside individual minds, interventions follow established patterns in neoliberal governmentality and make available specific feeling rules and subject positions. These current Equality, Diversity & Inclusion practices present a new technology of power through which organizations may regulate affect and behavior but leave structural inequalities and barriers to inclusion intact.
‘An extra level of kind of torment’: Views and experiences of recurrent miscarriage care during the initial phases of COVID‐19 in Ireland—A qualitative interview study
Authors: Dennehy Rebecca , Hennessy Marita , Dhubhgain Jennifer Ui , Lucey Con , O′Donoghue Keelin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionMaternity services underwent much change during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Research on the impact on miscarriage care and experiences during this time is sparse. Within a national evaluation of recurrent miscarriage care, we qualitatively explored stakeholder views and experiences of recurrent miscarriage services in Ireland. This study describes the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on those experiences and perceptions of care.MethodsPeople with professional and lived experience of recurrent miscarriage and service engagement were actively involved in this qualitative study from idea generation to analysis and reporting. We recruited women and men with two or more consecutive first‐trimester miscarriages, and people involved in the management/delivery of recurrent miscarriage services and supports. We used purposive sampling to ensure that perspectives across disciplinary or lived experience, geographical, and health service administrative areas, were included. We conducted semi‐structured interviews, virtually all due to COVID‐19 restrictions, between June 2020 and February 2021. These were audio‐recorded, and data were transcribed, and subsequently analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsWe interviewed 42 service providers and 13 women and 7 men with experience of recurrent miscarriage. We actively generated two central themes during data analysis. The first—‘Disconnected’—describes how many women navigated miscarriage diagnosis and management and care in subsequent pregnancies alone; many felt that this resulted in increased trauma. At the same time, men struggled with not being present to support their partners and described feeling disconnected. The second theme highlighted ‘The perceived dispensability of recurrent miscarriage services and supports’. Some service providers felt that service reduction and redeployment demonstrated a lack of value in the service. Virtual clinics facilitated access to services, but a preference for in‐person care was highlighted.ConclusionOur analysis provides rich insights into the significant impacts that the COVID‐19 pandemic has had on the way recurrent miscarriage care is provided and experienced, with important implications for early pregnancy, miscarriage and recurrent miscarriage care. Services have undergone significant changes and, while these may be temporary, how services should be delivered in the future requires consideration, particularly given the deficits in care and care experiences highlighted prepandemic.Patient or Public ContributionMembers of the multidisciplinary RE:CURRENT Project Research Advisory Group (including four parent advocates, two of whom are co‐authors on this article) were actively involved throughout the study, including the generation of topic guides and the refining of themes.
Phytochemical characterisation and antioxidant capacities of pomegranate peel
Authors: Kafeel Sadia , Inam‐ur‐Raheem Muhammad , Khan Moazzam Rafiq , Faisal Muhammad Naeem 
Published: June 2023

SummaryPomegranate peel, a biological waste, is of great interest due to its higher gallic acid, catechin and quercetin contents and their therapeutic action. The current research focuses on the evaluation of pomegranate peel extracts of two cultivars, Badana and Kandhari. Polyphenols from various concentrations of ethanol were extracted and analysed by modern techniques. Results indicated that the extract of Badana showed the highest phenolics (667.14 ± 7.48 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (151.54 ± 2.01 mg CE/g), antioxidant activity by DPPH (87.77% ± 0.16% inhibition) and FRAP (70.54 ± 0.25 mmol/100 g). Also, the 70% hydroalcoholic Kandhari extract exhibited the highest flavonoids in comparison to 50% and 100% extracts. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy spectra indicated numerous functional groups such as alkyl halides, alcohols, polyphenols, alkenes, carbonyl and carboxylic acid. The HPLC chromatogram revealed the presence of gallic acid, quercetin, ferulic acid, benzoic acid, caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid and sinapic acid with the highest concentration of gallic acid in Badana extract. So, here we concluded that 70% hydroethanolic Badana extract is an excellent source of bioactive components and can further be utilised for value addition and curative attributes.
The relationship between critical thinking and job performance among nurses: A descriptive survey study
Authors: Ateş Nimet , Erdal Nurgül , Harmancı Seren Arzu Kader 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimThis study investigated the relationship between nurses' critical thinking skills and job performance and whether critical thinking and its subdomains predict job performance.BackgroundIt is expected that nurses may use critical thinking skills to provide evidence‐based quality patient care in health care settings. However, there is limited evidence about whether critical thinking is related to job performance among nurses.DesignThis was a descriptive, cross‐sectional survey study.MethodsThe study included 368 nurses working in the inpatient wards of a university hospital in Turkey. The survey included a demographic information questionnaire, the Critical Thinking Scale in Clinical Practice for Nurses and the Nurses' Job Performance Scale. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics, comparisons, reliability and normality tests, correlation and regression analysis.ResultsParticipating nurses got average scores from the critical thinking and job performance scale and sub‐scales, and there was a positive, mid‐level and statistically significant correlation between the scale scores. According to the multiple linear regression analysis results, personal critical thinking, interpersonal and self‐management critical thinking and the total critical thinking scores positively affected the job performance scores of nurses.ConclusionAs critical thinking predicts nurses' job performance, managers of hospitals and nursing services should consider training programs or activities to increase nurses' essential thinking competencies, thus improving clinical nurses' performances.
Methods used to assess sleep in children who attend community‐based mental health programmes: A systematic review
Authors: Priftis A. , Cruickshank M. , Smith S. M. S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSleep quality and sleep duration are important for children's physical and mental health. Mental health diagnoses and sleep disturbances may be interlinked. We sought to identify the methods used to assess sleep in paediatric community‐based mental health programmes. A systematic review was conducted using an a priori protocol to ascertain the sleep assessment methods used in paediatric community‐based mental health programmes. Children for this review were defined as any person under the age of 19. Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, ProQuest, APA PsycInfo, and PubMed databases were searched from January 2021 to March 2022. Of the 320 records screened, 314 records were excluded. Six studies were included for analysis. A variety of validated and non‐validated sleep instruments were used to measure sleep quality and a range of sleep disturbances in community health programmes for children. There were a limited number of studies associated with sleep assessment in paediatric community‐based settings suggesting this is an area of research that may be understudied. Sleep questionnaires were predominately completed by parents or guardians. Further research is required to establish the most effective method for screening sleep behaviour in paediatric community mental health programmes to understand the impact of sleep in the recovery of children and adolescents with mental health disorders.
Salinity effects on the activities of ROS scavenging enzymes in leaves of two sweet potato clones
Authors: Mondal Shimul , Burgert Susane , Asch Julia , Rahaman Ebna Habib Md Shofiur , Asch Folkard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSweet potato production, particularly in coastal areas is often prone to salinity. Salt‐tolerant clones will be needed to maintain production, but to date, little is known about salt tolerance traits in sweet potato. Salt stress may result in excessive uptake of unwanted ions into plant tissues leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn may destroy membranes and reduce photosynthesis and growth. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) scavenge ROS and early changes in the activities of such enzymes could be used to identify salinity tolerant genotypes. Therefore, cuttings of two contrasting cultivars of sweet potato, BARI SP 8 (tolerant) and BARI SP 4 (sensitive) were greenhouse‐cultivated in nutrient solution for 21 days and then exposed to 100 mmol NaCl for 7 days. Three, five and seven days after salt application the youngest leaves were sampled individually and enzyme activities, potassium (K) and sodium (Na) concentrations, and SPAD (as a proxy for chlorophyll content) were determined. In both varieties leaf growth was not affected by salinity and young leaves grown under salinity had higher SPAD values than older leaves. Na concentration increased over time, particularly in earlier and in older leaves, whereas K was reduced in younger leaves. In general, enzyme activities were strongly affected by leaf age and leaf position. SOD and APX showed varietal but no salinity effects, CAT increased under salinity in both varieties, whereas POX was strongly reduced and GR was strongly increased under salinity in BARI SP 8 with no effect in BARI SP 4. Enzyme activities were not correlated to leaf Na, neither in relation to leaf age, nor leaf number or duration of salt stress in both varieties. However, varietal differences were observed regarding leaf K. Activities of SOD were highly positive and of CAT highly negatively correlated with leaf K under salinity in BARI SP 8 but not in BARI SP 4, whereas activities of GR and POX were strongly positively correlated with leaf K in BARI SP 4 under salinity but not in BARI SP 8. We conclude that potassium may have a strong regulating role on leaf stress levels and therefore on the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Varieties may differ in their tolerance strategy and we have shown that salinity does not generally increase levels of ROS‐scavenging enzymes in sweet potato leaves under salt stress. Confounding factors such as leaf age and leaf position as well as maintaining high leaf level K concentrations need to be considered when evaluating metabolic traits for salinity tolerance traits.
Microstructure and strengthening behavior in high content SiC nanowires reinforced SiC composites
Authors: Yang Jiahao , Ahmad Zahoor , Zhu Mingming , Chen Jianjun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, the high‐content SiCnw reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites (SiCnw/SiC CMC) were successfully fabricated by hot pressing β‐SiC and sintering additive (Al2O3‐Y2O3) with boron nitride interphase modification SiCnw. The effects of sintering additive content and mass fraction (5–25 wt%) of SiCnw on the density, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The results showed that with the increase of sintering additives from 10 wt% to 12 wt%, the relative density of the SiCnw/SiC CMC increased from 97.3% to 98.9%, attributed to the generated Y3Al5O12 (YAG) liquid phase from the Al2O3‐Y2O3 that promotes the rearrangement and migration of SiC grains. The comprehensive performance of the obtained composite with 15 wt% SiCnw possessed the optimal flexural strength and fracture toughness of 524 ± 30.24 MPa and 12.39 ± 0.49 MPa·m1/2, respectively. Besides, the fracture mode of the composites with 25 wt% SiCnw content revealed a pseudo‐plastic fracture behavior. It concludes that the 25 wt% SiCnw/SiC CMC was toughened by the fiber pull‐outs, debonding, bridging, and crack deflection that can consume plenty of fracture energy. The strategy of SiC nanowires worked as a main bearing phase for the fabrication of SiC/SiC CMC providing critical information for understanding the mechanical behavior of high toughness and high strength SiC nanoceramic matrix composites.
High‐entropy oxides: Harnessing crystalline disorder for emergent functionality
Authors: Kotsonis George N. , Almishal Saeed S. I. , Marques dos Santos Vieira Francisco , Crespi Vincent H. , Dabo Ismaila , Rost Christina M. , Maria Jon‐Paul 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHigh‐entropy materials defy historical materials design paradigms by leveraging chemical disorder to kinetically stabilize novel crystalline solid solutions comprised of many end‐members. Formulational diversity results in local crystal structures that are seldom found in conventional materials and can strongly influence macroscopic physical properties. Thermodynamically prescribed chemical flexibility provides a means to tune such properties. Additionally, kinetic metastability results in many possible atomic arrangements, including both solid‐solution configurations and heterogeneous phase assemblies, depending on synthesis conditions. Local disorder induced by metastability, and extensive cation solubilities allowed by thermodynamics combine to give many high‐entropy oxide systems utility as electrochemical, magnetic, thermal, dielectric, and optical materials. Though high‐entropy materials research is maturing rapidly, much remains to be understood and many compositions still await discovery, exploration, and implementation.
Novel color tunable LaCaGaO4:Bi3+,Eu3+ phosphors for high color rendering warm white LEDs
Authors: Lu Zheng , Sun Dashuai , Lyu Zeyu , Shen Sida , Luo Pengcheng , Wei Shuai , Zhou Luhui , You Hongpeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA series of LaCaGaO4:xBi3+,yEu3+ (x = 0.002–0.04, y = 0.02–0.45) phosphors with adjustable emission colors were synthesized by high‐temperature solid‐state reaction. The samples were identified as pure phases by X‐ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement, and the crystal structures were analyzed in detail. The LaCaGaO4:xBi3+ phosphor shows an intense blue emission under near‐ultraviolet excitation, originating from the 3P1 → 1S0 transition. The spectrum analysis reveals that the Bi3+ ions occupy two luminescence centers in the LaCaGaO4 host and that energy transfer can occur. A model of the energy transfer between the Bi3+ and Eu3+ ions was also created and studied in detail. As the Eu3+‐concentration increased, the emission color of the LaCaGaO4:0.005Bi3+,yEu3+ phosphor changed from blue to pink to red. In addition, the fluorescence lifetime, quantum yield, thermal stability, and other properties of the phosphors were characterized and analyzed. Finally, two white light‐emitting diode devices with Ra values of 96.6 and 95 and correlated color temperatures of 4578 and 3324 K were fabricated, indicating the potential of phosphors for warm white lighting applications.
Solubility behavior and thermodynamic modeling of sodium monosulfoaluminate (“U‐phase”) in cementitious systems
Authors: Collin Marie , Prentice Dale P. , Arnold Ross A. , Ellison Kirk , Balonis Magdalena , Simonetti Dante , Sant Gaurav N. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe “U‐phase,” a sodium‐containing (alumino‐ferrite‐monosubstituent) AFm phase, has been observed to form in sodium‐enriched highly alkaline cementitious systems, for example, of relevance to nuclear waste, and saline industrial brine management. But, minimal information is available of the U‐phase's (e.g., solubility or thermodynamic properties) due to its limited stability and its tendency to transform into ettringite or monosulfoaluminate. Herein, the U‐phase was systematically synthesized at four temperatures (5, 15, 25, and 50°C) and fully characterized in terms of its thermochemical properties. The average composition of the synthesized U‐phase (4CaO·Al2O3·1.85SO3·0.85Na2O·12H2O) deviates slightly from typical disclosures in the literature. The solubility product of the U‐phase formation was measured from conditions of oversaturation. The measured thermodynamic data accurately predicted experimental observations of U‐phase formation in cementitious environments. In general, it was noted that the U‐phase forms and persists (i.e., remains stable) at pH > 13.7 and [Na+] concentrations superior to 1 mol/L.
NIMBYism and Legitimate Expectations
Authors: Quigley Travis 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTAn increasing portion of contemporary politics revolves around a set of claims made by those (typically derisively) referred to as NIMBYs. Despite its practical significance, NIMBYism has not received significant attention in academic philosophy. I attempt a charitable but limited reconstruction of NIMBYism in terms of legitimate expectations. I argue that, despite NIMBY expectations being somewhat vague and at least moderately unjust, they may be legitimate. This does not imply that they are decisive, or entail a conclusion about their overall normative force. I close by developing some tentative details in institutional design, focusing on the possibility of monetary compensation as a way of recognizing, but limiting the force of, NIMBY expectations.