bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dexamethasone induces different cellular protein synthetic responses in PNA+ and PNA- mouse thymocyte subpopulations.
Authors: Khalid B A , Pearce P , Barr I G , Fraillon D , Toh B H , Funder J W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Thymocytes from adrenalectomized BALB/c male mice were separated by peanut agglutination (PNA) into cortical, corticosensitive, PNA+ cells and larger, medullary, corticoresistant, PNA- cells; the extent of cross-contamination of PNA+ and PNA- cells, and vice versa, was checked by flow microfluorometry. Glucocorticoid receptor profiles were established with 3H-dexamethasone as probe; no differences in receptor affinity or cellular concentration, or in cytoplasmic and nuclear compartmentalization were seen between PNA+ and PNA- cells. On two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, PNA+ and PNA- thymocytes from oil-injected (control) adrenalectomized mice showed patterns of incorporation of 35S-methionine into protein that differed in at least 12 spots, as revealed by autoradiography. PNA+ and PNA- cells from mice treated with submaximal (6 micrograms/day) or near-maximal thymolytic doses of dexamethasone (20 micrograms/day) were also examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Both PNA+ and PNA- cells showed substantial, overlapping dexamethasone-induced changes in protein synthetic profiles.
C-reactive protein- (CRP) mediated modulation of human B cell colony development.
Authors: Whisler R L , Newhouse Y G , Mortensen R F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ability of human C-reactive protein (CRP) to modulate Staph protein A-(SpA) induced human B cell colony formation in semisolid cultures was investigated. Maximal augmentation was observed with 10 and 25 micrograms/ml CRP and was independent of the SpA concentration used to stimulate colony formation. Optimal facilitation of colony numbers was noted when CRP was present during the initial stages of colony formation and the facilitation represented an early increase in colony numbers. At later incubation intervals, however, the colony responses of cultures containing 25 and 50 micrograms/ml CRP were considerably diminished when compared to controls that appeared secondary to the focal disintegration of colony clusters rather than the actual suppression of certain colony progenitors with delayed colony-forming kinetics. Other experiments showed the 18-hr pre-exposure of cells to CRP facilitated colony formation, and that after preincubation, a small frequency of CRP binding cells could be detected by flow microcytofluorometry. Therefore, these studies indicate that a possible biologic function of CRP is the ability to modulate the activities of the B cell system.
Release of a lymphokine-like plasminogen activator by stimulated B lymphocytes.
Authors: Toullet F , Maillard J L , Favreau C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This report extends to the guinea pig the discovery of a lymphocyte plasminogen activator (LPA) previously described in the mouse. In the guinea pig, we have identified enzymatic activity similar to that in the mouse, but which has two distinct components: first, as in the mouse, a membrane-bound molecule present even in the quiescent lymphocyte (mLPA), and second, a previously unreported soluble molecule appearing in the culture medium after appropriate cell stimulation (sLPA). This sLPA, like most known lymphokines, was released by in vitro recall of sensitized lymphocytes by the antigen and by direct contact with a mitogen. There was a parallel evolution in the culture for sLPA and for some other well-known lymphokines (LT, LIF), and their detection thresholds were of the same order. A possible activation of plasminogen (Pg) by macrophages contaminating the lymphocyte cultures was carefully rule out. sLPA was produced by lymph node lymphocytes as well as by blood lymphocytes, but not by spleen cells, thymocytes, or peritoneal lymphocytes. A study of the kinetics of the release of sLPA, together with that of metabolic modifiers, suggested that an intracellular synthesis precedes the secretion of the molecule. Data obtained from the use of B- and T-enriched subpopulations or B- or T-dependent antigens and mitogens point to the B lymphocytes as the major, if not exclusive, source of sLPA. The choice of synthetic chromogenic substrates S 2251, S 2444, and S 2288 in some experiments led us to confirm most of the above properties of sLPA with still greater precision and reliability.
Analysis of the oligosaccharides on the HLA-DR and DC1 B cell antigens.
Authors: Shackelford D A , Strominger J L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The types of N-linked oligosaccharides on the HLA-DR and DC1 antigens were determined by their sensitivity to endoglycosidase H or endoglycosidase D. The DR and DC1 heavy chains each have two carbohydrate moieties, one high-mannose and one complex-type glycan. The DR and DC1 light chains have one complex-type oligosaccharide. During the biosynthesis of the DR antigens, the oligosaccharides on both subunits are initially high-mannose-type glycans, as has been found for other membrane glycoproteins. The light chain oligosaccharide and one of the two heavy chain carbohydrates are later processed to complex-type glycans. Inhibition of N-linked glycosylation with tunicamycin does not inhibit chain association of the DR and DC1 subunits, transport to the cell surface, or expression of the alloantigenic determinants.
Stable hamster-mouse hybridomas producing IgG and IgM hamster monoclonal antibodies of defined specificity.
Authors: Sanchez-Madrid F , Szklut P , Springer T A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Specific antibody-secreting hybridomas have been obtained by fusing Syrian or Armenian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus or Cricetulus migratorius) spleen cells with mouse myeloma cells. The hamsters were immunized to mouse cytolytic T lymphocytes. Hybrids were selected either by an indirect binding assay using an 125I-monoclonal antibody (MAb) reactive with hamster kappa-chains or by their ability to block T cell-mediated cytolysis. Three hybridoma clones were obtained that secreted intact IgM-like and IgG-like hamster MAb as shown by SDS-PAGE. The clones were stable as shown by subcloning. Two MAb recognized antigens of wide tissue distribution; the third bound specifically to T lymphocytes, gave strong inhibition of T cell-mediated cytolysis, and immunoprecipitated the Lyt-2,3 molecule.
Biochemical evidence for expression of a semi-allogeneic, H-2 antigen by a murine adenocarcinoma.
Authors: Callahan G N , Pardi D , Giedlin M A , Allison J P , Morizot D M , Martin W J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
LT-85 is an alveolegenic adenocarcinoma induced in mutant C3HfB/HeN (C3Hf) mice. This tumor, however, grows preferentially in allogeneic, wild-type C3H/HeN (C3H) mice. The tumor-associated transplantation antigen has been mapped to the K end of the major histocompatibility complex. H-2K antigens were isolated from detergent extracts of LT-85 cells by immunoprecipitation with monoclonal antibody. The tryptic peptides of these antigens were compared, by using high-pressure liquid chromatography, with the tryptic peptides of H-2K antigens isolated from syngeneic mutant C3Hf and ancestral wild-type C3H spleen cells. We found that the H-2K antigens of the LT-85 tumor cells were very similar to, but distinct from, those present on syngeneic C3Hf lymphoid cells. We also found, however, that the H-2K antigens of LT-85 tumor cells were clearly different from the H-2K antigens of allogeneic C3H spleen cells. The H-2K antigens of LT-85 cells are therefore foreign to syngeneic C3Hf cells, but do not represent expression by the tumor cells of the allogeneic H-2K antigens expressed by normal C3H cells. Furthermore, the nature of the differences observed between the H-2K antigens of LT-85 cells and C3Hf and C3H spleen cells strongly suggests that the structure of the H-2K molecule of LT-85 cells is identical in some regions to the H-2K molecule of C3Hf cells, and in other regions to the H-2K molecule of C3H cells.
Evidence for cytostatic T cell activity in the effector mechanism against syngeneic TMT mammary tumor cells in mice.
Authors: Kurata S , Tsuchiya T , Norimura T , Yamashita U 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effector mechanism of immune spleen cells against syngeneic TMT mammary tumor cells was analyzed in vitro. C3H/He mice were first inoculated with TMT tumor cells, and then the tumors were x-irradiated with 2000 rad 1 wk after the inoculation. Spleen cells from these treated mice inhibited the growth of tumor cells in vitro when assessed by (3H)-TdR incorporation by tumor cells (cytostatic activity). The same spleen cells did not have any cytotoxic activity on TMT tumor cells detected by a 51Cr-release assay. The cytostatic activity was mediated by Lyt-1+23- T cells. The purified T cells alone could not inhibit the growth of tumor cells, but accessory cells were required for the induction of cytostatic T cell activity. The accessory cells were Ia-positive, macrophage-like adherent cells. Furthermore, both T cells and macrophages were also required for the inhibition of tumor growth even after the spleen cells were activated in vitro. These results suggest T cells and macrophages play an important role in the effector mechanism against TMT mammary tumor cells. The mechanism of cytostasis by T cells and macrophages was discussed from the standpoint of the cellular interaction.
Immunologic suppression of carcinogenesis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with T cell depression.
Authors: Takeichi N , Ba D , Koga Y , Kobayashi H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A strain of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) showed a selective depression of T cell functions brought about by aging. Conversely, this strain had a high NK cell activity as compared to other normal rat strains. This SHR strain was found to be much more sensitive to the carcinogenic activity of low doses of MCA than were WKA rats with normal T cell functions. Allogeneic thymus grafts almost completely restored the T cell functions of SHR, whereas injection of an immunopotentiator, NSP, enhanced NK cell activity and also caused a partial recovering of T cell functions. When immunologic restoration was achieved, generation of killer T cells to syngeneic SMT-5 tumor cells was induced and the cytotoxic activity of NK cells to K-562 cells was also enhanced. But the cytotoxic activity to the SMT-5 cells of NK cells and macrophages from the treated or untreated SHR was not detected. Allogeneic thymus grafts induced a significant transplantation resistance against a syngeneic SMT-5 tumor and injection of NSP enhanced only the survival days of the rats. Allogeneic thymus grafts also significantly suppressed the incidence of tumors induced by MCA, whereas the injection of NSP was not effective in the prevention of tumor development but was effective in prolongation of latency periods. These results support the hypothesis that immune surveillance mediated by T cells is an important mechanism for the control of tumor development.
Fine-specificity of the contact sensitivity to 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl (NP).
Authors: Matoso-Ferreira A , Mäkelä O 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Dorf and colleagues (1-4) found that the contact sensitivity (CS) primed with (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) could be elicited as easily with the iodoanalog (NIP) as with NP when studied in Igh-1b mice but could only be elicited with NP, not NIP, in Igh-1j mice. Since this fine-specificity was parallel to the fine-specificity of anti-NP antibodies in the two types of mice and since anti-NP antibodies of Igh-1b mice are controlled by gene Igh-NPb the authors concluded that CS also was controlled by the Igh-NPb gene. The aim of this study was to confirm their findings with a more quantitative method (5). We confirmed equality of NP and NIP as elicitors of NP-primed CS in Igh-1b mice when the priming antigen was given subcutaneously into non-cyclophosphamide-treated mice (their method). We also found that this priming induced an anti-NP antibody response detectable at the time of challenge. Most experiments were carried out with a method that does not induce a detectable antibody response (pretreatment of mice with 200 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide; application of the sensitizing compound on skin). Since the NP-primed (and NBrP-primed) CS reactions exhibited "expected specificities," the immunizing compound was clearly the most efficient elicitor (relative efficiencies of homologs varied from 2 to 4). The Igh-NPb gene appears not to have a role in "antibody-free" reactions.
Immunoglobulin idiotype and anti-anti-idiotype utilize the same variable region genes irrespective of antigen specificity.
Authors: Margolies M N , Wysocki L J , Sato V L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Idiotypic determinants characterizing certain antibody specificities have been proven valuable structural and genetic markers in studies of antibody diversity and regulation. The heritable predominant idiotype associated with the response to p-azophenylarsonate in A/J mice consists of a set of highly homologous (greater than 95%) heavy and light chain variable region amino acid sequences probably arising by somatic mutation from one or a few V region genes. We examined a peculiar set of monoclonal antibodies that have been defined as CRI by serologic analysis, but that have no affinity for the hapten Ars. These antibodies were elicited by immunization with anti-CRI rather than by the conventional immunization with antigen. The amino acid sequences of the amino terminal half of the V regions of these anti-(anti-CRI) antibodies are indistinguishable from those of conventional Ars-binding CRI antibodies. Thus, Ars-binding CRI and Ars-nonbinding anti-(anti-CRI) are derived from similar or identical VH and VL genes.
Helper cell-independent cytolytic T lymphocytes specific for a minor histocompatibility antigen.
Authors: Roopenian D C , Widmer M B , Orosz C G , Bach F H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have isolated several anti-H-2Db-restricted cytolytic T cell clones specific for the minor histocompatibility antigen, H-1, from a long-term B10.129(5M) anti-C57BL/6 mixed leukocyte culture. All proliferate significantly, in the absence of exogenously added lymphokine, and in a specific manner to H-2Db-compatible stimulator cells that carry the appropriate H-1 minor antigen. Moreover, significant proliferation also occurs when T cell-depleted stimulator cells are used as the antigenic stimulus, indicating that the proliferative capacity of these clones is not the result of T cell factors produced by the stimulator cells. After concanavalin A stimulation, IL 2-like lymphokine activity can be detected from the one clone tested, 5M/B6-5. These data demonstrate the existence of antigen-driven, helper T cell-independent cytolytic T cell clones responsive to a single minor histocompatibility antigen. The implications of this finding are discussed.
Mechanisms of idiotype suppression. V. Anti-idiotype antibody inhibits early B cell triggering induced by antigen.
Authors: Kim B S , Massey P B , Hui K M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To investigate the relationship between antigen-mediated B cell commitment and induction of idiotype (id) suppression, anti-id antibody directed against the major id (TEPC-15 idiotype or T15id) of the anti-phosphorylcholine (PC) antibody was added at various time intervals to BALB/c spleen cell cultures stimulated with a T-independent PC antigen, R36a. The suppressive effect of anti-T15id antibody on the anti-PC response was rapidly decreased as addition of the antibody was delayed; when anti-T15id antibody was added 6 hr after the initiation of the cultures, only partial suppression was induced, whereas the addition of anti-id antibody after 24 hr did not result in significant suppression of the anti-PC response when compared with similar cultures treated with mock anti-id antibody. This acquisition of resistance to id suppression was completely inhibited by treatment with either sodium azide or colchicine, as well as at temperatures below 20 degrees C. The induction of resistance to id suppression during the preincubation period was dependent on the presence of an immunogenic level of specific antigen. This antigen-mediated B cell commitment did not appear to require macrophages because preincubation of macrophages with antigen did not affect the sensitivity of the B cells to anti-id antibody. These results support the possibility that anti-id antibody inhibits early B cell triggering, which involves an energy-dependent, epitope-mediated, lateral mobility of antigen receptors possibly followed by repolymerization of microtubules.
The ontogeny and distribution of B cells in normal and mutant immune-defective CBA/N mice: two-parameter analysis of surface IgM and IgD.
Authors: Scher I , Titus J A , Finkelman F D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A dual-laser fluorescence-activated cell sorter was utilized to study the distribution of the surface IgM and IgD on individual B cells of normal and immune-defective CBA/N mice. Cells from different lymphoid organs and from developing mice were studied. Two major populations of cells were seen. Those with low densities of surface IgM and intermediate-high densities of surface IgD were relatively or totally absent from the bone marrow, spleens, and lymph nodes of adult, immune-defective (CBA/N x DBA/2)F1 male mice, and developed late in ontogeny in the lymphoid organs of normal F1 female mice. By contrast, the second major population, with intermediate-high surface IgM and low surface IgD, was found in highest frequency in the lymphoid organs of immature mice, the bone marrow of adult mice, and the lymphoid organs of F1 male mice compared to F1 female mice at any age. These two major populations of B cells were further subdivided into five groups of cells to better define the surface IgM and IgD characteristics of developing B cells of immune-defective and normal mice. The relationship of these groups of cells to populations defined by other criteria are discussed.
Phenotypic characteristics of peripheral blood T cells regulating colony growth by nontransformed human B lymphocytes.
Authors: Whisler R L , Wajda K J , Newhouse Y G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The phenotypic characteristics of peripheral blood T cell subpopulations regulating human B cell colony growth stimulated by Staph protein A were investigated. Colony growth was facilitated by OKT4 cells, and T cells expressing DR antigens were found to be partially responsible for colony facilitation. A linear increase in the magnitude of colony growth was observed with greater T cell numbers, and maximal colony enhancement occurred when T cells were present during the early stages of colony formation. OKT8 cells did not enhance colony growth and also inhibited the facilitation of colony formation by OKT4 cells. Other experiments showed that the functional activities of OKT4 and OKT8 cells differed in their requirements for DNA synthesis. Although active T cell DNA synthesis was absolutely required for the facilitation of colony growth at all concentrations tested, DNA synthesis was not needed for OKT8 inhibition of OKT4 promotion of colony formation. Thus, distinct T cell subsets whose functional properties differ in their requirements for DNA synthesis regulate human colony growth.
IgG subclass expression by human B lymphocytes and plasma cells: B lymphocytes precommitted to IgG subclass can be preferentially induced by polyclonal mitogens with T cell help.
Authors: Mayumi M , Kuritani T , Kubagawa H , Cooper M D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The human IgG subclasses expressed by circulating B lymphocytes, tissue plasma cells, and plasma cells generated from B cell precursors in response to the polyclonal mitogens LPS and PWM were examined by immunofluorescence using subclass-specific monoclonal antibodies. The subclass distribution observed for circulating B lymphocytes was IgG2 (48%) greater than IgG1 (40%) greater than IgG3 (8%) greater than IgG4 (1%), while the distribution among IgG plasma cells in bone marrow, blood, spleen, and tonsils was IgG1 (64%) greater than IgG2 (26%) greater than IgG3 (8%) greater than IgG4 (1%). Multiple IgG isotypes were not observed on B cells or in plasma cells. Although IgG plasma cell responses to both LPS and PWM were T cell dependent, the distributions of IgG subclasses elicited were strikingly different. In control and LPS-stimulated cultures of blood mononuclear cells, the induced plasma cells expressed the IgG subclass distribution: IgG2 greater than 80%, IgG1 less than 20%, IgG3 less than 1%, IgG4 less than 1%. In PWM-stimulated cultures, the subclass distribution, IgG1 approximately 65%, IgG2 approximately 25%, IgG3 approximately 7%, IgG4 approximately 1%, was in perfect concordance with the in vivo subclass distribution of IgG plasma cells. Selective inhibition of suppressor T cell activity by x-irradiation and mitomycin C treatment did not alter the IgG subclass distribution pattern induced by LPS and PWM. Monoclonal antibodies were used to deplete selectively the B cell precursors bearing IgG1, IgG2, or IgG3 before PWM stimulation of blood mononuclear cells. In each instance, a reduction was observed only in the subpopulation of plasma cells producing the homologous IgG subclass. The results indicate that T cells can preferentially influence the terminal differentiation of B cells that are precommitted to different IgG subclasses.
Granulocyte activation by endotoxin. I. Correlation between adherence and other granulocyte functions, and role of endotoxin structure on biologic activity.
Authors: Dahinden C , Galanos C , Fehr J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Reminiscent of high concentrations of formylated chemotactic peptides, another group of bacteria-derived products, the lipopolysaccharides and lipid A, stimulate PMN adherence to petri dishes. Attachment and spreading of PMN is accompanied by intense release of secondary granule constituents and marked stimulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt activity. Dose-response studies with endotoxin preparations of diverse activity show that induction of PMN adherence, enzyme release, and respiratory burst activation are highly correlated, suggesting that this functional triad is mediated by a common mechanism. Hyperadhesiveness inducing concentrations of the chemotactically inert endotoxin lead to marked inhibition of PMN migration without affecting the direction-finding mechanism of the cell toward formylated peptides and C-derived chemotaxin(s). Endotoxin preparations at a lower grade of aggregation are more active, and the polysaccharide chains of the molecule are not essential with respect to PMN stimulation. Under our experimental conditions, endotoxin-induced stimulation of PMN is not inhibited by indomethacin, suggesting independence of cyclooxygenase-derived products. This type of PMN activation may play an important role in endotoxin-mediated tissue damage in vivo. Furthermore, hyperadhesion-induced inhibition of PMN migration to inflammatory sites during endotoxemia might hamper host resistance.