bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic Classification and Clinical Examination of Anemia in Iraqi Water Buffalo in Nasiriyah Governorate
Authors: Lateaf Khitam , Allawi Manar Hadi , Akmoosh Nuha Jameel 
Published: September 2023

This research aims to classify anemia cases in the Iraqi water buffalo population by collecting 140 blood samples from buffaloes in Nasiriyah Governorate pastures. These samples were collected randomly from three age groups: > 1 year, 1-4 years, and < 5 years. Blood sample analysis revealed 45 anemia cases (32.12%) and 95 healthy cases (67.88%). Phenotypic classification of anemia encompassed microcytic hypochromic (12.14%), macrocytic hypochromic (7.85%), normocytic hypochromic (6.42%), and normocytic normochromic (5.71%) cases. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) notably increased in anemic buffaloes, displaying a statistically significant disparity (P< 0.05) compared to healthy counterparts. Anemia cases exhibited higher neutrophil counts in white blood cell relative differentials. For the three age groups, hemoglobin (Hb), packed blood cell volume (PCV), and total red blood cell count (RBC) values indicated significant decreases from normal levels, showcasing statistical significance (P< 0.05) between healthy and anemic buffaloes. While anemia cases generally displayed normal iron concentrations, microcytic anemia demonstrated lower iron levels in the 1-4 and >5 years age groups, with iron levels reaching the minimum global normal range in the <1 year age group. Copper concentrations remained normal in all healthy cases and anemia cases, except for microcytic anemia, which showed reduced levels across age groups.
In conclusion, this study comprehensively characterizes anemia in Iraqi water buffaloes through clinical, hematological, and elemental analyses. The findings underscore the prevalence of various anemia types, their age-related variations, and significant hematological deviations in anemic buffaloes compared to healthy counterparts. This research enhances our understanding of anemias' impact on this population and provides valuable insights for future diagnostic and management strategies.
कोविड-19 एवं जनसंख्या प्रवासन
Authors: शुक्ल विजय कुमार 
Published: September 2023

विगत कई दशकों से भारत में आन्तरिक प्रवासन की दर लगातार बढ़ रही है। 1991 में जहाँ आन्तरिक प्रवासियों की संख्या जहाँ 232 मिलियन थी वही 2001 में 315 तथा 2011 में बढ़कर 450 मिलियन हो गई। कोविड-19 के समय जहाँ शहरों से रिवर्स माइग्रेशन हुआ और लोग पुनः गॉव को लौट आए। इस तरह गॉव की जनसंख्या में एकाएक वृद्धि हो गई। लेकिन कोविड-19 की लहर खत्म होने के बाद पुनः प्रवासी मजदूर शहरों की और लौट गए। इससे एक ओर यह पता चलता है कि दुर्खीम ने यद्यपि यह सिद्धान्त दिया था कि जैसे-जैसे श्रम विभाजन बढ़ेगा वैसे-वैसे लोग एक दूसरे के ऊपर निर्भर होते जाएगे और समाज में एकाएक परिवर्तन होने से एनामी की स्थिति आ गई, और शहर के नियोजकों ने प्रवासी मजदूरों का साथ नही दिया और मजदूरों को रिवर्स माइग्रेशन करना पड़ा लेकिन गॉव में रोजगार की सुविधाएॅ न होने के कारण तथा शहर के नियोजकों द्वारा पुनः बुलावा आने पर प्रवासी मजदूरों को पुनः वापस शहर जाना पड़ा जिससे गॉव की जनसंख्या में फिर से कमी आ गई।
IDEAL STATE AND HUMAN NATURE
Authors: Dwivedi Bharti 
Published: September 2023

Human life in usually consumed in – eating, sleeping and being involved in epicurean feasts and pleasures, or worrying, bothering, stressing, fighting or troubling, etc. Most of our time and efforts are centered just for the body to have opulent comfort and not for the soul. But this is not the purpose of human life, is it? Humans are the intellectual, spiritual andintelligent beings. They have prominent responsibilities withhigher potential and abilities, so for ideal statesuch kind of values are required for eradication of evils,vices, agonies, miseries andsufferings, establishent of righteousness and extension of the enlightened values of humanities is the primary purpose of the ideal state.
संस्कृत साहित्य में नाटिका साहित्य
Authors: यादव मुलायम सिंह , गुप्ता* लक्ष्मी देवी 
Published: September 2023

दशरूपक के अनुसार नाटक और प्रकरण के मिश्रण को ‘नाटिका’ कहते हैं, जिसका नायक नाटक से लिया गया है और कथावस्तु प्रकरण से। अतः नाटिका के नायक इतिहास प्रसिद्ध व्यक्ति होते हैं। परन्तु इसका वृत्त कवि की कल्पना से प्रसूत होता है। नाटिका के प्रणयन का प्रारम्भ महाराज हर्षवर्धन (सप्तम शती) से होता है।
महाराज हर्षवर्धन की तीन रचनायें हैं-(1) प्रियदर्शिका, (2) रत्नावली तथा (3) नागानन्द। ये तीनों रूपक एक ही लेखक की रचनायें हैं इसमें सन्देह करने के लिए स्थान नहीं है। तीनों में घटनाओं का आश्चर्यजनक साम्य है। रत्नावली में सागरिका अपने चित्तविनोद के लिए राजा का चित्र खींचती है। नागानन्द में जीमूतवाहन उसी उद्देश्य से मलयवती का चित्र बनाता है। दोनोें स्थानों पर चित्रों के द्वारा ही पात्रों के स्निग्ध हृदय तथा प्रणय की कथा का परिचय दर्शकों को मिलता है। रत्नावली में अपमानित होने पर सागरिका अपने गले में लतापाश से बाँधकर प्राण देने का उद्योग करती है। नागानन्द में भी यही घटना है- नायिका मलयवती प्रणय में अनादृत होने से लतापाश से अपने गले को जकड़कर मरने का प्रयास करती है। दोनों स्थानों पर नायक के द्वारा उनके प्राणों की रक्षा होती है। इतना ही नहीं, बहुत से पद्य इनमें परस्पर उद्धृत किये गये हैं। फलतः ये दोनों ही लेखक की लेखनी की सुचारु रचनायें हैं।
The South African government’s COVID-19 response: protecting lives and livelihoods
Authors: Blecher Mark S. , Davén Jonatan , Meyer-Rath Gesine , Silal Sheetal P. , Makrelov Konstantin , van Niekerk Marle 
Published: September 2023

This chapter brings together aspects of the impact of COVID-19 on lives and livelihoods in South Africa. As at 15 August 2021, the epidemic is reported to have led to 77 141 deaths and been associated with 229 850 excess deaths. At the same time, the national economy has been severely affected with Gross Domestic Product decline of 7% in 2020/21, job losses exceeding 2 million, and sharp reductions in national revenue. The chapter takes a case study approach to provide an overview of the Government’s budgetary support to the health and income protection responses as well as the modelling that informed these. It also reviews some of the carry-through implications of the economic down-turn on public finances, including health budgets. The authors draw primarily on their experiences and subsequent reflection, with particular focus on the period 1 March 2021 to 28 February 2022. The budget provision for the health response to COVID-19 exceeded R20 billion, which was achieved through additional allocations and reprioritisation. Income protection measures exceeded R100 billion. However, suboptimal attention was given to how prolonged lockdowns would affect businesses, jobs, livelihoods and the economy over the medium and long term, with job losses initially exceeding 2.2 million and 1.4 million by the first quarter of 2021. As these effects fed through to public finances, growth and tax revenue declined substantially, resulting in reductions in virtually all government budgets. Over the 2021 Medium-term Expenditure Framework period, the economic effects of the epidemic and stringent lockdown measures have resulted in the reduction of provincial health budget projections by as much as R76 billion. The chapter emphasises the need to consider both lives and livelihoods in pandemic decision-making, ideally bringing together various dimensions of epidemiological and economic modelling in a multi-criteria decision framework.
Managing therapeutic uncertainty in the COVID-19 pandemic: rapid evidence syntheses and transparent decision-making
Authors: Leong Trudy D. , Gray Andy L. , Kredo Tamara , de Waal Renee , Cohen Karen , Parrish Andy G. , Dawood Halima 
Published: September 2023

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic posed challenges to the practice of evidence-informed decision-making. Soon after the index case was identified in South Africa, the first local clinical guidelines were developed, reliant on preliminary evidence. Quick decisions were essential to inform practice and procurement at a time of exceptional global demand for medicine supply. This chapter describes how a rapid review mechanism was implemented to enable the development of evidence-informed and context-specific clinical treatment and prevention recommendations for COVID-19 in South Africa. The chapter reflects on the extent to which there is evidence for the implementation of these recommendations in clinical practice, using medicinesutilisation data from the public sector. In order to manage the ‘infodemic’ of research evidence of variable quality, a robust mechanism of rapid evidence review, transparent decision-making, and dissemination of trustworthy, accurate and context-specific recommendations was developed. Rapid evidence syntheses were produced by a sub-committee of the National Essential Medicines List Committee, supported by the South African GRADE Network and SAMRC Cochrane Centre. A generic rapid review protocol was developed, relying on GRADE principles and an evidence-to-decision framework. Consensus recommendations informed the National Department of Health/National Institute for Communicable Diseases clinical guidelines. Reviews were published on the National Department of Health website to advance transparency and were updated as new evidence emerged. Medicinesutilisation data showed increased use of corticosteroids, but there was also evidence of increased use of medicines not recommended. Further investment in technical capacity and support is needed to strengthen implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of clinical guidelines.
The impact of COVID-19 on children: insights from the Western Cape experience
Authors: Shung-King Maylene , Lake Lori , Hendricks Michael , Delany Aislinn , Baker Yolande , Berry Lizette , Biersteker Linda , Goeiman Hilary , Mathews Shanaaz , Morden Erna , Murray Jaco , Scott Chris , Shand Lesley , van Stormbroek Ben , Wessels Thandi 
Published: September 2023

In the initial phases of the COVID-19 epidemic in South Africa, children experienced relative neglect, as they were deemed to be at low risk for contracting and spreading COVID-19 infection. Overwhelmed by adult infections, the health system responded slowly to children’s complex needs brought about by the epidemic. This in-depth case study outlines the impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic on child health in the Western Cape, and the subsequent remediating responses. The case study draws on multiple data sources including routine data, case examples of health system and organisational responses, and experiential evidence from practitioners across the health system. It draws substantially on a series of advocacy briefs that examine the multi-dimensional impacts of COVID-19 on children in the Western Cape. Approximately 12 000 children (persons under 18) contracted COVID-19 in the province (March 2020 to March 2021). Thousands more were affected by the illness and death of relatives, and by the collateral effects of the epidemic including increased hunger, violence, injury and mental health problems, coupled with the disruption of healthcare services, schooling, early childhood development programmes, and social support networks. Essential child health services were de-escalated and child-health resources were re-allocated for adult COVID-19 care, with both immediate and long-term consequences for child health. A proactive response from child health services, aided by the Western Cape’s relative socio-economic advantage, a strong civil society response, and a stable, well-functioning health system, helped to mitigate harm, but not before significant damage was done. The Western Cape experience signals that, even in a well-resourced setting, children’s needs may be overlooked in times of crisis and there is a critical need for ‘voices’ speaking for and alongside children in all decision-making spaces, and for pro-active, well-planned, child-focused responses.
The SACCESS network for COVID-19 wastewater surveillance: a national collaboration for public health responsiveness
Authors: Bust Lynn , Berkowitz Natacha , Archer Edward , Davies Mary-Ann , Preiser Wolfgang , Street Renée , Suchard Melinda , London Leslie 
Published: September 2023

The global COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for stronger health systems, and the potential role of networks in this strengthening. In the early phase of the pandemic, wastewater surveillance as a predictive and monitoring tool for COVID-19 was identified internationally. This realisation alerted researchers in South Africa, who through various pathways formed the South African Collaborative COVID-19 Environmental Surveillance System (SACCESS) network. Made up of a wide range of actors, SACCESS has progressed rapidly in a field with many unknowns. This qualitative case study aimed to explore the lessons that the SACCESS network provides in terms of network governance and bottom-up collaboration, and to apply this to health system strengthening. Key informant interviews (n=12) were conducted with purposively selected members of the SACCESS network. Data were analysed thematically. Four main themes emerged: the enabling factors of network formation in the time of COVID-19; the importance of relationships; strengths and challenges of an informal network; and lessons for building health systems. Several lessons emerged for health system strengthening in the time of COVID-19 and beyond: the importance of informal networks, and bottom-up collaboration; recognition that individuals, not institutions, are key in informal networks; and the time required for building trust. It is important for network governance to be flexible as it evolves, particularly in times of crisis. It may be difficult for an informal network to interact with more formal, bureaucratic structures. There is need to explore how to create a recognised role and space for informal networks, such as the SACCESS network, to move towards stronger health systems.
“Even if I’m well informed, I will never get it”: COVID-19 vaccine beliefs, intentions and acceptability among adolescents and young people in South Africa
Authors: Gittings Lesley , Casale Marisa , Kannemeyer Natasha , Rayalo Nokubonga , Cluver Lucie , Kelly Jane , Logie Carmen , Toska Elona 
Published: September 2023

Vaccines are an essential public health intervention in response to global emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19. South Africa aims to vaccinate 67% of its population in 2021 to contain the transmission and effects of COVID-19. While evidence suggests that younger South African adults may be less likely to accept vaccines than older adults, little is known about vaccine hesitancy among South African adolescents and young people. This chapter discusses findings on vaccine-related beliefs, intentions and acceptability from participatory work with South African adolescents and young people ages 17 to 29 years, conducted through online closed-group activities. Findings highlight vaccine hesitancy among adolescents and young people that, if not addressed, may undermine the effectiveness of the vaccine-based COVID-19 response. Reasons provided for reluctance to use vaccines include: mistrust of government and scientists; low illness vulnerability perceptions; conspiracy-related beliefs; fear of injections and potential side-effects, and a preference for non-biomedical (traditional and/or natural) remedies. Potential enablers of vaccine acceptability and uptake include: receiving information from trusted sources; the desire for safety; perceived vaccine effectiveness, and observing the safe uptake among trusted people such as peers and family members. Access to accurate information is important, but may in itself be insufficient. We suggest a multi-dimensional approach aimed at addressing perceptions of low vulnerability to disease, mistrust and the perceived effectiveness and safety of vaccines. Ensuring accurate information from trustworthy sources, meaningfully engaging traditional and alternative health practitioners, developing family- and peer-based initiatives, and building trust in government and international health infrastructure may support vaccine uptake, thus strengthening social and health outcomes for South Africa’s next generation.
Le témoignage de la pierre qui a entendu
Authors: Doane Sébastien 
Published: September 2023

Les études bibliques, en phase avec les enjeux contemporains, développent une herméneutique écologique. Cet article utilise le cadre théorique développé par Norman Habel (2008) — suspicion, identification, retrieval — pour l’appliquer à la pierre dressée en Jos 24,26-27. Cet élément naturel inanimé a la faculté d’entendre les paroles de YHWH et de témoigner contre les destinataires du récit. Cette pierre est sujet à part entière d’une communauté écologique. Lire Jos 24 à partir de son point de vue permet une posture critique de résistance devant l’anthropocentrisme et la stigmatisation de l’autre.
Le Livre de Josué dans les manuscrits de la mer Morte
Authors: Duhaime Jean 
Published: September 2023

Parmi les documents découverts près de la mer Morte, principalement dans les grottes de Qumrân entre 1947 et 1956, figurent des fragments de quelques manuscrits du Livre de Josué et de textes qui s’en inspirent. Après un inventaire de ces manuscrits et de leur contenu, on examine deux extraits représentatifs de leur intérêt pour les chercheurs. Le premier, provenant d’un manuscrit biblique (4Q47 1-2), fait mention d’une cérémonie de lecture de la Loi après la traversée du Jourdain (Josué 4), ce qui remet en question sa localisation au mont Ébal selon la tradition massorétique (Jos 8,30-35) et la version grecque (Jos 9,3-8) du Livre de Josué. Le second, tiré d’un Apocryphe de Josué (4Q379 22 ii 7-15), comporte une interprétation de la malédiction proférée après la prise de Jéricho (Jos 6,26) qui témoigne de la réception de ce texte vers la fin de la période du Second Temple.
Extrême liminarité : l’impossible cohabitation de la grâce et du péché dans l’âme du moine (IVe-VIe siècle)
Authors: Vecoli Fabrizio 
Published: September 2023

La doctrine ascétique du monachisme primitif se présente comme une série d’enseignements qui visent à transformer celui qui les met en pratique. L’objectif final est la perfection de l’être humain, dont le caractère transcendant est une constante qui pose un problème général lorsqu’il s’agit de segmenter et de cartographier le parcours ascétique censé y mener. Les textes proposent une technique très concrète, mais leur but relève de l’incompréhensible. Il y a, de toute évidence, une incompatibilité ontologique entre le lieu de départ — la condition humaine prise en compte par la technique ascétique — et la destination convoitée – l’expérience d’une transcendance définie par la réflexion théologique. La question qui se pose est donc celle du changement, c’est-à-dire de la relation dynamique entre deux conditions totalement distinctes. Or, le changement, qui peut être compris comme progrès, devrait logiquement inclure une phase où le mal qui doit être rejeté et le bien qui doit être accueilli se trouvent à cohabiter dans la même personne. Mais cela, bien qu’évident au niveau de la pratique, pose une difficulté d’ordre théologique : le divin peut-il cohabiter avec le terrestre. Dans cet article, nous proposons d’examiner la tension qui parcourt les textes monastiques de l’Antiquité tardive quant à ce problème : la variété des positions révèle, entre autres, le poids des contraintes imposées par l’orthodoxie doctrinale, qui influence la théorisation de la praxis ascétique et de l’expérience mystique.
Les effets des coupes budgétaires et des réductions de personnel sur la satisfaction au travail des employés
Authors: Kaboré Tigawendé Prosper , Charbonneau Étienne 
Published: September 2023

Des effets négatifs sur le bien-être des employés sont présumés dans la foulée des coupes. Ces présupposés sont avancés de manière répétée dans la littérature, bien que les preuves empiriques restent encore assez limitées. La présente étude tente de déterminer si les coupes budgétaires et réductions de personnel des ministères touchés ont eu les répercussions pressenties dans la littérature sur la satisfaction au travail des fonctionnaires fédéraux au Canada. Des restrictions budgétaires de 5 %, mais inférieures à 10 %, sans réduction de personnel, ont été la norme. Des coupes budgétaires se sont rarement ajoutées aux réductions de personnel. Les résultats montrent que seules les réductions budgétaires d’au moins 10 % affectent négativement, mais marginalement, la satisfaction des fonctionnaires. Globalement, une légère baisse de satisfaction au travail a été observée, alors que la théorie prévoyait une perte de satisfaction plus prononcée. Pour de prochains épisodes d’austérité, des coupes paramétriques de 5 % du budget ou des effectifs pourraient être maintenues afin de minimiser les effets pervers sur la satisfaction au travail des fonctionnaires fédéraux.
An observational study on the adherence to study registrations in German interventional and observational studies from various fields
Authors: Thiele Christian , Hirschfeld Gerrit 
Published: September 2023

Background
The registration of studies, especially in the case of clinical trials, is required by the declaration of Helsinki and the policies of various scientific journals. However, numerous analyses have found considerable discrepancies between published articles and accompanying trial registrations. The aim of this study is to assess such discrepancies for a sample of studies with recruiting locations in Germany. Additionally, the association between the adherence to registrations and possible involvement of Coordinating Centers for Clinical Studies (KKS) as well as Universities of Excellence was tested.

Methods
For a sample of 376 interventional or observational study registrations, we found 115 published articles. Subsequently, we searched for discrepancies in the study design, the key inclusion criteria, the interventions, the blinding, and a primary and a secondary outcome.

Results
We found discrepancies in 26% of all studies, most frequently in the secondary outcomes, where 16.5% of the secondary outcomes per study that were registered in most detail had discrepancies. When running regression models for adherence discrepancies, the only variable that had a statistically significant association with better adherence was registration on ClinicalTrials.gov. The association of potential involvement of a KKS with adherence ratings was positive, too, but statistically insignificant.

Conclusions
In summary, the amount of discrepancies between registrations and published articles remains elevated.