bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prehospital stroke management and mobile stroke units
Authors: Fassbender Klaus , Lesmeister Martin , Merzou Fatma 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
Delayed presentation at the hospital contributes to poorer patient outcomes and undertreatment of acute stroke patients. This review will discuss recent developments in prehospital stroke management and mobile stroke units aimed to improve timely access to treatment within the past 2 years and will point towards future directions.

Recent findings
Recent progress in research into prehospital stroke management and mobile stroke units ranges from interventions aimed at improving patients’ help-seeking behaviour, to the education of emergency medical services team members, to the use of innovative referral methods, such as diagnostic scales, and finally to evidence of improved outcomes by the use of mobile stroke units.

Summary
Understanding is increasing about the need for optimizing stroke management over the entire stroke rescue chain with the goal of improving access to highly effective time-sensitive treatment. In the future, we can expect that novel digital technologies and artificial intelligence will become relevant in effective interaction between prehospital and in-hospital stroke-treating teams, with beneficial effects on patients’ outcomes.
Generalized fractional Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation for electron tunnelling across rough metal interface
Authors: Ramzan M. W. , Riaz K. , Mehmood M. Q. , Zubair M. , Massoud Y. 
Published: February 2023

The conductive rough surfaces act as an integral part of several electron devices and systems. Electron tunnelling through the potential barrier imposed by the rough metal-vacuum interface is an important mechanism of charge transport in vacuum electron devices. Here, we analytically derive a generalized current–voltage relationship with a fractional image potential barrier that considers the reduced space-dimensionality encountered by the tunnelling electrons at a rough interface, in an effective manner. The traditional Schottky–Nordhiem equation based on the Schottky image potential barrier is shown to be a limiting case of our model for a perfectly flat surface. The fractional-dimension parameter used in this model accounts for the barrier reduction due to the geometrical roughness and it can be determined by fitting our model to a given current–voltage measurement. It is shown that the application of this model could reduce the error between measured current–voltage response and theoretical estimates based on the conventional model. This work provides an analytical framework for efficient design and engineering of quantum tunnelling in practical electron devices.
Sneathiella marina sp. nov., isolated from a sea anemone in the Western Pacific Ocean
Authors: Wei Mengjiao , Li Guizhen , Lai Qiliang , Liu Tianqi , Shao Zongze 
Published: February 2023

A novel marine bacterium designated strain PHK-P5T was isolated from a sea anemone (Actinostolidae sp. 1). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain PHK-P5T belonged to the genus

Sneathiella

. The bacterium was Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase- positive, oval- to rod-shaped, and motile. Growth was observed at pH 6.0–9.0, salinities of 2.0–9.0 % and temperatures of 4–37 °C. The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was 49.2 %. The respiratory quinone was determined to be Q-10. The principal fatty acids of strain PHK-P5T were C19 : 0cyclo ω8c (25.19 %), C16 : 0 (22.76 %), summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω7c/ω6c; 16.14 %), C14 : 0 (8.81 %), C17 : 0cyclo (8.10 %), summed feature 2 (C12 : 0 aldehyde and/or unknown 10.928; 7.19 %) and C18 : 1
ω7c 11-methyl (5.03 %). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values among the genomes of strain PHK-P5T and the reference strains were 68.7–70.9 % and 17.4–18.1 %, respectively. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data showed that strain PHK-P5T represents a novel species within the genus

Sneathiella

, for which the name Sneathiella marina sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain PHK-P5T (=MCCC M21824T=KCTC 82924T).
Monitoring transmission intensity of trachoma with serology
Authors: Tedijanto Christine , Solomon Anthony W. , Martin Diana L. , Nash Scott D. , Keenan Jeremy D. , Lietman Thomas M. , Lammie Patrick J. , Aiemjoy Kristen , Amza Abdou , Aragie Solomon , Arzika Ahmed M. , Callahan E. Kelly , Carolan Sydney , Dawed Adisu Abebe , Goodhew E. Brook , Gwyn Sarah , Hammou Jaouad , Kadri Boubacar , Kalua Khumbo , Maliki Ramatou , Nassirou Beido , Seife Fikre , Tadesse Zerihun , West Sheila K. , Wittberg Dionna M. , Zeru Taye , Arnold Benjamin F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTrachoma, caused by ocularChlamydia trachomatisinfection, is targeted for global elimination as a public health problem by 2030. To provide evidence for use of antibodies to monitorC. trachomatistransmission, we collated IgG responses to Pgp3 antigen, PCR positivity, and clinical observations from 19,811 children aged 1– 9 years in 14 populations. We demonstrate that age-seroprevalence curves consistently shift along a gradient of transmission intensity: rising steeply in populations with high levels of infection and active trachoma and becoming flat in populations near elimination. Seroprevalence (range: 0–54%) and seroconversion rates (range: 0–15 per 100 person-years) correlate with PCR prevalence (r: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.97). A seroprevalence threshold of 13.5% (seroconversion rate 2.75 per 100 person-years) identifies clusters with any PCR-identified infection at high sensitivity (>90%) and moderate specificity (69-75%). Antibody responses in young children provide a robust, generalizable approach to monitor population progress toward and beyond trachoma elimination.
Kinetics and efficacy of antibody drug conjugates in 3D tumour models
Authors: Palma Chaundler Chloe S , Lu Haonan , Fu Ruisi , Wang Ning , Lou Hantao , de Almeida Gilberto Serrano , Hadi Layla Mohammad , Aboagye Eric O , Ghaem-Maghami Sadaf 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTAntibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are emerging targeted agents against cancer. Current studies of ADCs are performed on monolayer cultures which do not mimic the biophysical property of a tumour. Hence,in vitromodels that can better predict the efficacy of ADCsin vivoare needed. In this study, we aim to optimise 3-dimentional cancer spheroid systems, which preserve the features of the tumour structure, to test the efficacy of two ADCs (T-DM1 and T-vcMMAE). Firstly, a set of reproducible spheroid models using epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines were established. Subsequently, phenotypic changes in spheroids were characterised upon ADC treatment. The penetration dynamics of ADCs into 3D tumour structure were also studied. Our data revealed that spheroids are less sensitive to ADCs compared to monolayer cultures. Interestingly, the small molecule component of ADCs-the cytotoxic payload-showed a similar decrease in efficacy in spheroids compared to monolayer cultures. Furthermore, we also gained new insight into ADC penetration dynamics and showed that ADCs can fully penetrate a tumour-like spheroid within 24h. The results suggest that although ADCs, as large molecule biological drugs, are likely to have slower penetration dynamics than small molecule compounds such as their cytotoxic payload, they could have comparable capability to kill cancer cells in 3D structures. This may be explained by the fact that multiple cytotoxic payloads are conjugated with each single antibody, which compensates the penetration deficiency of the large molecules. In conclusion, our work confirms that the tumour 3D structure could limit the therapeutic efficacy of ADCs. Nevertheless, optimising ADC design such as adjusting drug-to-antibody ratios could help to overcome this hurdle.
Post-COVID syndrome is associated with capillary alterations, macrophage infiltration and distinct transcriptomic signatures in skeletal muscles
Authors: Aschman Tom , Wyler Emanuel , Baum Oliver , Hentschel Andreas , Legler Franziska , Preusse Corinna , Meyer-Arndt Lil , Büttnerova Ivana , Förster Alexandra , Cengiz Derya , Teixeira Alves Luiz Gustavo , Schneider Julia , Kedor Claudia , Rust Rebecca , Bellmann-Strobl Judith , Aminaa Sanchin , Vajkoczy Peter , Goebel Hans-Hilmar , Landthaler Markus , Corman Victor , Roos Andreas , Heppner Frank L. , Radbruch Helena , Paul Friedemann , Scheibenbogen Carmen , Stenzel Werner , Dengler Nora F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic not only resulted in millions of acute infections worldwide, but also caused innumerable cases of post-infectious syndromes, colloquially referred to as “long COVID”. Due to the heterogeneous nature of symptoms and scarcity of available tissue samples, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. We present an in-depth analysis of skeletal muscle biopsies obtained from eleven patients suffering from enduring fatigue and post-exertional malaise after an infection with SARS-CoV-2. Compared to two independent historical control cohorts, patients with post-COVID exertion intolerance had fewer capillaries, thicker capillary basement membranes and increased numbers of CD169+macrophages. SARS-CoV-2 RNA could not be detected in the muscle tissues, but transcriptomic analysis revealed distinct gene signatures compared to the two control cohorts, indicating immune dysregulations and altered metabolic pathways. We hypothesize that the initial viral infection may have caused immune-mediated structural changes of the microvasculature, potentially explaining the exercise-dependent fatigue and muscle pain.
Evolution of Life-Threatening COVID-19 as the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Has Progressed
Authors: Murthy Sudish C. , Lowry Ashley M. , Gordon Steven M. , Blackstone Eugene H. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTRationaleAs the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic progressed, hospital mortality among patients admitted with COVID-19 decreased; however, its mechanism remains unclear.ObjectiveTo determine underlying factors that might explain the declining observed mortality of hospitalized patients with COVID-19.MethodsThis observational study used a prospective COVID-19 clinical database compiled by a 15-hospital health system. Participants were persons testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 (n=185,636), among whom 26,872 were hospitalized for COVID-19 from 3/1/2020 to 6/1/2022.MeasurementsEndpoints were hospital and 60-day mortality assessed by randomForests-for-survival machine learning using patient demographics, medical history, symptoms, and admission laboratory test results.Main ResultsMortality of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 fell from 11% in 3/2020 to 3.7% in 3/2022; 60-day mortality was 17% in 5/2020 and 4.7% in 5/2022. Advanced age was the most important predictor of mortality, followed by admission laboratory test results. Risk-adjusted 60-day mortality was 15% had all patients been admitted in 3/2020, minimally unchanged at 12% had they been admitted in 5/2022. Dissociation between observed and predicted mortality was largely explained by change in admission patient profile, particularly admission laboratory test results. Transition to intensive care occurred rapidly for those predicted to do poorly.ConclusionMortality from COVID-19 requiring hospitalization has declined as the pandemic has evolved, but surprisingly, persists for 60 days following admission. Demographics, medical history, and at-admission laboratory results continue to accurately predict mortality despite reduction of observed mortality and in spite of therapeutic advances. Importantly, rapid escalation of care can be predicted at admission using standardly obtained information. There has been a subtle but perceptible change in the at-risk population that explains these findings.
The influence of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on skeletal muscle fatigue and recovery in older women
Authors: Zoughaib William S. , Hoffman Richard L. , Yates Brandon A. , Moorthi Ranjani N. , Lim Kenneth , Coggan Andrew R. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTOlder individuals fatigue more rapidly during, and recover more slowly from, dynamic exercise. Women are particularly vulnerable to these deleterious effects of aging, which increases their risk of falling. We have shown that dietary nitrate (NO3-), a source of nitric oxide (NO) via the NO3-→ nitrite (NO2-) → NO pathway, enhances muscle speed and power in older individuals in the non-fatigued state; however, it is unclear if it reduces fatigability and/or improves recoverability in this population. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, we studied 18 older (age 70 ± 4 y) women who were administered an acute dose of beetroot juice (BRJ) containing either 15.6±3.6 or <0.05 mmol of NO3-. Blood samples were drawn throughout each ∼3 h visit for plasma NO3-and NO2-analysis. Peak torque was measured during, and periodically for 10 min after, 50 maximal knee extensions performed at 3.14 rad/s on an isokinetic dynamometer. Ingestion of NO3--containing BRJ increased plasma NO3-and NO2-concentrations by 21±8 and 4±4 fold, respectively. However, there were no differences in muscle fatigue or recovery. Dietary NO3-increases plasma NO3-and NO2-concentrations but does not reduce fatigability during or enhance recoverability after high intensity exercise in older women.
Water, Sanitation and Cholera in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Sikder Mustafa , Deshpande Aniruddha , Hegde Sonia T. , Malembaka Espoir Bwenge , Gallandat Karin , Reiner Robert C. , Lessler Justin , Lee Elizabeth C. , Azman Andrew S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractImprovements in water and sanitation should reduce cholera risk. But it is unclear which water and sanitation access are associated with cholera risk. We estimated the association between eight water and sanitation measures and annual cholera incidence access across sub-Saharan Africa (2010-2016) for data aggregated at the country and district-level. We fit random forest regression and classification models to understand how well these measures combined might be able to predict cholera incidence rates and identify high cholera incidence areas. Across spatial scales, piped or “other improved” water access was inversely associated with cholera incidence. Access to piped water, piped sanitation, and piped or “other improved” sanitation were associated with decreased district-level cholera incidence. The classification model had moderate skill in identifying high cholera incidence areas (cross-validated-AUC 0.81 95%CI 0.78–0.83) with high negative predictive values (92.5–100.0%) indicating the utility of water and sanitation measures for screening out areas that are unlikely to be cholera hotspots. While comprehensive cholera risk assessments must incorporate other data sources (e.g., historical incidence), our results suggest that water and sanitation measures could alone be useful in narrowing the geographic focus for detailed risk assessments.SynopsisWe quantified the relationship between high-resolution estimates of water and sanitation access and cholera incidence and assessed the utility of water and sanitation measures in identifying high risk geographic areas in sub-Saharan Africa.
Simultaneous measurement of nascent transcriptome and translatome using 4-thiouridine metabolic RNA labeling and translating ribosome affinity purification
Authors: Imai Hirotatsu , Utsumi Daisuke , Torihara Hidetsugu , Takahashi Kenzo , Kuroyanagi Hidehito , Yamashita Akio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRegulation of gene expression in response to various biological processes, including extracellular stimulation and environmental adaptation requiresde novoRNA synthesis and translation. Analysis of the coordinated and circular regulation of dynamic RNA synthesis and translation is required to determine functional protein production. However, reliable methods for the simultaneous measurement of nascent RNA synthesis and translation at the gene level are limited. Here, we developed a novel method for the simultaneous assessment of nascent RNA synthesis and translation by combining 4-thiouridine (4sU) metabolic RNA labeling and translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) using a monoclonal antibody against evolutionarily conserved ribosomal P-stalk proteins. The P-stalk-mediated TRAP (P-TRAP) technique recovered endogenous translating ribosomes, allowing easy translatome analysis of various eukaryotes. We validated this method in mammalian cells by demonstrating that acute unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induces dynamic reprograming of nascent RNA synthesis and translation. Our method can serve as a simple and powerful tool for analyzing the coordinated regulation of transcription and translation of individual genes in various eukaryotes.
De novofatty-acid synthesis protects invariant NKT cells from cell death, thereby promoting their homeostasis and pathogenic roles in airway hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Koh Jaemoon , Woo Yeon Duk , Yoo Hyun Jung , Choi Jun-Pyo , Kim Sae Hoon , Chang Yoon-Seok , Jung Kyeong Cheon , Kim Ji Hyung , Jeon Yoon Kyung , Kim Hye Young , Chung Doo Hyun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInvariant natural-killer T (iNKT) cells play pathogenic roles in allergic asthma in murine models and possibly also humans. While many studies show that the development and functions of innate and adaptive immune cells depend on their metabolic state, the evidence for this iniNKT cells is very limited. It is also not clear whether such metabolic regulation ofiNKT cells could participate in their pathogenic activities in asthma. Here, we showed that acetyl-coA-carboxylase 1 (ACC1)-mediatedde novofatty-acid synthesis is required for the survival ofiNKT cells and their deleterious functions in allergic asthma. ACC1, which is a key fatty-acid synthesis enzyme, was highly expressed by lungiNKT cells from WT mice that were developing asthma.Cd4-CreAcc1fl/flmice failed to develop OVA-induced and HDM-induced asthma. Moreover,iNKT cell-deficient mice that were reconstituted with ACC1-deficientiNKT cells failed to develop asthma, unlike when WTiNKT cells were transferred. ACC1 deficiency iniNKT cells associated with reduced expression of fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, but increased glycolytic capacity that promotediNKT-cell death. Furthermore, circulatingiNKT cells from allergic-asthma patients expressed higherACC1andPPARGlevels than the corresponding cells from non-allergic-asthma patients and healthy individuals. Thus,de novofatty-acid synthesis preventsiNKT-cell deathviaan ACC1-FABP-PPARγ axis, which contributes to their homeostasis and their pathogenic roles in allergic asthma.
Comprehensive Multi-omics Analysis Reveals the Core Role of Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis Development
Authors: Jian Congcong , Wei Lingli , Wu Tong , Li Shilin , Wang Tingting , Chen Jianghua , Chang Chengjia , Zhang Jie , He Binhan , Wu Jianhong , Su Jiang , Zhu Jing , Wu Min , Zhang Yan , Zeng Fanxin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with complex causes and recurrent attacks that can easily develop into chronic arthritis. Our study aims to elucidate potential mechanism among control, new-onset RA (NORA) and chronic RA (CRA) with multi-omics analysis.MethodsA total of 162 subjects were included in our study, 121 subjects were used for 16S rRNA, ITS sequencing and metabolomics analysis and 41 subjects were used for transcriptomics analysis. Enrichment analysis was based on significant difference metabolites and genes. Protein-protein interaction network and correlation analyses were performed to interpret the interactions among intestinal flora, metabolites and genes. We applied three models to distinguish between NORA and CRA using computational OR values, LASSO and random forest, respectively.ResultsOur results demonstrated intestinal flora disturbance in RA development, with significantly increased abundance ofEscherichia-ShigellaandProteobacteriain NORA. We also found that the diversity was significantly reduced in CRA compared to NORA through fungi analysis. Moreover, we identified 28 differential metabolites between NORA and CRA. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant dysregulation of glycerophospholipid metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism pathways in RA patients. Next, we identified 40 differentially expressed genes between NORA and CRA, which acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) was the core gene and significantly enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway. Correlation analysis showed a strong negatively correlation between glycerophosphocholine and inflammatory characteristics.ConclusionsThese findings revealed that glycerophospholipid metabolism plays a crucial role in the development and progression of RA, providing new ideas for early clinical diagnosis and optimizing treatment strategies.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of major RNAi genes highlighting their regulatory factors in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp.)
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Nazmol , Mosharaf Md Parvez , Uddin Khandoker Saif , Das Keya Rani , Sultana Nasrin , Noorunnahar Mst. , Naim Darun , Mollah Md. Nurul Haque 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn different regions of the world, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is an important vegetable and an excellent source of protein. It lessens the malnutrition of the underprivileged in developing nations and has some positive effects on health, such as a reduction in the prevalence of cancer and cardiovascular disease. However, occasionally, certain biotic and abiotic stresses caused a sharp fall in cowpea yield. Currently, short RNAs (sRNAs) are thought to play a crucial role in controlling how stress-related genes are expressed in plants as they go through various developmental phases. Major RNA interference (RNAi) genes like Dicer-like (DCL), Argonaute (AGO), and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR) are essential for sRNA synthesis processes and shield plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, applying BLASTP search and phylogenetic tree analysis with reference to theArabidopsisRNAi (AtRNAi) genes, we discovered 28 VuRNAi genes, including 7VuDCL, 14VuAGO, and 7VuRDRgenes in cowpea. We looked at the domains, motifs, gene structures, chromosomal locations, sub-cellular locations, gene ontology (GO) terms and regulatory factors (transcription factors, micro-RNAs, andcis-acting factors) to characterize the VuRNAi genes and proteins in cowpea. PredictedVuDCL1,VuDCL2(a, b),VuAGO7,VuAGO10andVuRDR6genes might have an impact on cowpea growth, development of the vegetative and flowering stages and antiviral defense. The VuRNAi gene regulatory features miR395 and miR396 might contribute to grain quality improvement, immunity boosting, and pathogen infection resistance under salinity and drought conditions. Predictedcis-acting elements (CAEs) from the VuRNAi gene associated with light responsiveness (LR), stress responsiveness (SR) and hormone responsiveness (HR) might play a role in plant growth and development, improving grain quality and production and protecting plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, our study provides crucial information about the functional roles of VuRNAi genes and their regulatory components, which would aid in the development of future cowpeas that are more resilient to biotic and abiotic stress.