bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Content of phenol and stilbene compounds and gene expression related to fruit development during ripening in Ampelopsis
Authors: Lee Hae In , Kim Seung Heui , Yun Hae Keun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGrapes are used worldwide and are rich in polyphenols, such as anthocyanins and stilbene compounds. Wild grapes contain abundant stilbene compounds, which are beneficial to humans. This study examined the polyphenol content and gene expression involved in skin coloration in the ripening stage of Ampelopsis spp. Accession compared to ‘VC-1’ (Vitis coignetiae) and ‘Super Hamburg’ (V. labruscana). The flavonoid content was generally higher in the Ampelopsis fruit than in the other grape lines, and the highest content among Ampelopsis accessions was found in ‘YG10075’ at 9.67 mg quercetin equivalent (QE) per g fresh weight. The anthocyanin content was highest in ‘VC-1’ at 1.2% (w/w), and the Ampelopsis accession with the highest anthocyanin content was ‘YG10062’ with 0.27%. The resveratrol content was highest in ‘VC-1’ at 70.4 μg/g, and the Ampelopsis accession with the highest resveratrol content was ‘YG10075’ with 48.5 μg/g. Expression levels of genes involved in skin color development increased during maturation in ‘VC-1’ and ‘Super Hamburg’, but decreased with maturation in Ampelopsis ‘YG10042’, ‘YG10075’, and ‘YG10062’. The expression of the genes related to stilbene compound synthesis, skin coloration, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was high in the leaves of ‘YG10045’, young berries of ‘YG10075’, and ripe berries ‘YG-Songni4’. The gene expression showed different patterns depending on the accession of Ampelopsis, the organ, and the ripening stage. Our results indicate that ‘YG-Songni4’ is the most valuable Ampelopsis spp. accession with the highest expression of genes related to synthesis of stilbenic compounds throughout all organs. This accession could be a useful genetic resource in grape breeding programs.
Memory-Enhanced Transformer for Representation Learning on Temporal Heterogeneous Graphs
Authors: Li Longhai , Duan Lei , Wang Junchen , He Chengxin , Chen Zihao , Xie Guicai , Deng Song , Luo Zhaohang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTemporal heterogeneous graphs can model lots of complex systems in the real world, such as social networks and e-commerce applications, which are naturally time-varying and heterogeneous. As most existing graph representation learning methods cannot efficiently handle both of these characteristics, we propose a Transformer-like representation learning model, named THAN, to learn low-dimensional node embeddings preserving the topological structure features, heterogeneous semantics, and dynamic patterns of temporal heterogeneous graphs, simultaneously. Specifically, THAN first samples heterogeneous neighbors with temporal constraints and projects node features into the same vector space, then encodes time information and aggregates the neighborhood influence in different weights via type-aware self-attention. To capture long-term dependencies and evolutionary patterns, we design an optional memory module for storing and evolving dynamic node representations. Experiments on three real-world datasets demonstrate that THAN outperforms the state-of-the-arts in terms of effectiveness with respect to the temporal link prediction task.
Comparing South Africa’s Sustainability and Circular Economic Roadmap to The Rest of the World
Authors: Hoosain Mohamed Sameer , Paul Babu Sena , Doorsamy Wesley , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn 2015, the United Nations Member States developed a collective blueprint for sustainability and development. The 2030 Plan includes the 17 UN-SDGs, which are an immediate call for action from all countries in the form of a global collaboration. To date, a number of countries have made significant strides in achieving the goals. One solution is the transition from a linear economy to a circular economy. Together with this, new 4IR innovative technologies has helped many countries in their transition to a circular economy as well as achieving the SDGs. Countries and organizations have also adopted environmental, social, and governance reporting as another technique, and have become mandatory in some regions and organizations. The economy of South Africa is beset by poverty and inequality, considerable unemployment, carbon-intensive, water insecurity and slow GDP growth. Furthermore, the COVID-19 epidemic has caused the economic crisis to worsen further and emphasizes the need for a new development strategy to spur economic recovery. In this paper, we will compare South Africa’s sustainability and circular economic road map to the rest of the world, and we suggest solutions and policies that can be put in place for the future benefit of the country.
The phygital transformation: a systematic review and a research agenda
Authors: Mele Cristina , Spena Tiziana Russo , Marzullo Marialuiza , Di Bernardo Irene 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe label “phygital” (physical plus digital) has been proposed to describe how companies try to engage customers due to the exploitation of smart technologies. Although used mainly by practitioners, research into phygital’s theoretical development is lacking. We conduct a systematic literature review to obtain an overall vision of the phenomenon and to understand how the scientific debate uses the term. The in-depth analysis allows for the identification of four main aspects: (1) objects and applications, (2) context (space/place), (3) customer journey, and (4) shopping (retail) experience. Using the antecedents, decisions, and outcomes model, we offer an interpretation of the phenomenon in a more comprehensive framework. The development and use of physical and digital objects and applications (i.e., phygital resources) in a phygital context (i.e., spaces and places) affect the customer journey in a phygital manner to enable the development of new forms of phygital experience. We suggest specific research avenues to develop the phygital construct.
Common Elements Approaches to Implementation Research and Practice: Methods and Integration with Intervention Science
Authors: Engell Thomas , Stadnick Nicole A. , Aarons Gregory A. , Barnett Miya L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe propose that common elements approaches can advance implementation research and practice and facilitate pragmatic use of intervention and implementation evidence. Common elements are practices or processes frequently shared by interventions or implementations. Traditional common elements methodologies use synthesis, distillation, and statistics to describe and evaluate the merit of common ingredients in effective interventions. Recent developments include identifying and testing common configurations of elements, processes, and context variables across the literature of effective interventions and implementations. While common elements thinking has grown popular in intervention science, it has rarely been utilized in implementation science, and specifically, combined with the intervention literature. The goals of this conceptual methodology paper are to (1) provide an overview of the common elements concept and how it may advance implementation research and usability for practice, (2) give a step-by-step guide to systematic common elements reviews that synthesizes and distills the intervention and implementation literature together, and (3) offer recommendations for advancing element-level evidence in implementation science. A narrative review of the common elements literature was conducted with attention to applications to implementation research. A six-step guide to using an advanced common elements methodology was provided. Examples of potential results are presented, along with a review of the implications for implementation research and practice. Finally, we reviewed methodological limitations in current common elements approaches, and identified steps towards realizing their potential. Common elements methodologies can (a) synthesize and distill the implementation science literature into practical applications, (b) generate evidence-informed hypotheses about key elements and determinants in implementation and intervention processes and mechanisms, and (c) promote evidence-informed precision tailoring of intervention and implementation to context. To realize this potential, common elements approaches need improved reporting of details from both successful and unsuccessful intervention and implementation research, more data availability, and more testing and investigation of causal processes and mechanisms of change from diverse theories.
Measuring the unmeasurable: defining and rating precarity with the aid of EU-LFS data
Authors: Symeonaki Maria , Stamatopoulou Glykeria , Parsanoglou Dimitrios 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrecarity has been established as a central theoretical issue in labour market research and numerous attempts have been made in the past to provide indicators that measure it. Precarity has also been present in political discourse and linked to specific new forms of employment (temporary, part-time, insecure, and atypical amongst others) and certain social groups often defined as vulnerable groups (youth, women, ethnic minorities). However, precarity still remains a phenomenon that needs to be quantified with the use of reliable data. The present paper aims at providing a methodology for measuring individuals that are in precarious employment with data drawn from the EU-Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS). Thus, it presents a way of identifying individuals in the core of precarity and others that belong to this set to a lesser degree. More specifically, four different levels of precarity are identified and the methodology is illustrated and tested for a specific case study, that of Greece. However, the proposed technique can be applied with no or minor modifications to other data sets of EU member states, where the common EU-LFS questionnaire is used. An effort is also made to recognise the socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals that are identified as being precarious belonging to the four levels of precarity and to specify their differences. The analysis yields that as we move from the fist level of weak precarity to the last one of strong precarity the individuals become younger, worse paid and better educated.
European Union and the Right to Open Internet: To Boldly go where no One has Gone before
Authors: ROJSZCZAK Marcin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe discussion of the need to establish a ‘right to the internet’, ongoing now for over thirty years, has not brought about a clear resolution. Despite the growing importance of online services to both the economy and social life, there is no consensus on the limits of such a right, nor on the need to define it at all—not to mention controversy over its inclusion in the catalogue of fundamental rights.However, the discussion about the right to internet access in the context of the EU legal system now seems obsolete. This is so, because—not through the direct modernisation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights but as part of new telecommunications legislation—a new subjective right, called the right to open internet, has emerged.The aim of this Article is to clarify the content of this right and its relationship to the principle of network neutrality. Against this background, recent judgments of the Court of Justice will be examined and discussed. Although closely related to the telecommunications market, these judgments may serve as a starting point for further discussion on the meaning of the right to open internet in the EU legal system, including its relation to the protection of human rights.
A National Survey of Hospital Cyber Attack Emergency Operation Preparedness
Authors: Sullivan Natalie , Tully Jeffery , Dameff Christian , Opara Chibuzo , Snead Mackenzie , Selzer Jordan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective:
Cyberattacks on healthcare systems are increasing in frequency and severity. Hospitals need to integrate cybersecurity preparedness into their emergency operations planning and response to mitigate adverse outcomes during increasingly likely cyber events. No data currently exist regarding the level of preparedness of United States hospital systems for cybersecurity attacks. We surveyed hospital emergency managers to assess cybersecurity preparedness for these events.

Methods:
Fifty-seven emergency managers representing hospitals across the United States participated in an online Qualtrics survey regarding current preparedness and response procedures for cybersecurity hazards.

Results:
Survey responses between April 2019 and May 2021 demonstrated that a majority of hospital systems surveyed included cybersecurity disasters in their HVA (82.4%; 47/57), and most ranked it as 1 of their top 5 priorities (57.4%; 27/47). However, over half denied specifically mentioning cybersecurity in their Emergency Operations Plans (EOPs; 52.6%; 30/57). Fourteen of the 57 hospital systems (24.5%) endorsed previously activating an emergency response for a cybersecurity incident unrelated to information technology (IT) failure.

Conclusions:
The survey results suggest that American hospitals are currently underprepared for cybersecurity disasters. We emphasize the importance of prioritizing cybersecurity in Hazard Vulnerability Analyses (HVAs) and implementing specific EOP annexes for cybersecurity emergencies.
Unpacking the Black Box of China’s State Capitalism
Authors: Du Ming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMuch ink has been splashed on the ideological, conceptual, and practical challenges that China’s state capitalism has posed to global trade rules. There is a growing perception that the current international trade rules are neither conceptually coherent nor practically effective in tackling China’s state capitalism. This perception has not only led to the emergence of new trade rules in regional trade agreements, but also culminated in the US-China trade war, only further aggravated by the Covid-19 pandemic. This Article contributes to the debate of what trade rules may be needed to counteract China’s state capitalism by unpacking the black box of China’s state capitalism. Based on an analysis of the nature of China’s state capitalism, this Article provides a preliminary evaluation of current trade rules taken to counteract China’s state capitalism, in particular the new rules in the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, and explain why they are unlikely to be successful.
Single-frequency upconverted laser generation by phase summation
Authors: Zeng Xin , Cui Shuzhen , Jiang Huawei , Ruan Bowen , Cheng Xin , Zhou Jiaqi , Lin Zhiquan , Yang Xuezong , Chen Weibiao , Feng Yan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The phase summation effect in sum-frequency mixing process is utilized to avoid a nonlinearity obstacle in the power scaling of single-frequency visible or ultraviolet lasers. Two single-frequency fundamental lasers are spectrally broadened by phase modulation to suppress stimulated Brillouin scattering in fiber amplifier and achieve higher power. After sum-frequency mixing in a nonlinear optical crystal, the upconverted laser returns to single frequency due to phase summation, when the phase modulations on two fundamental lasers have a similar amplitude but opposite sign. The method was experimentally proved in a Raman fiber amplifier-based laser system, which generated a power-scalable sideband-free single-frequency 590 nm laser. The proposal manifests the importance of phase operation in wave-mixing processes for precision laser technology.
Design of control laws to implement ACT benefits
Authors: Jones J. G. 
Published: March 2023

The emergence of active control technology (ACT) as a design feature of future combat aircraft raises three fundamental requirements (a) the identification of those areas where active control is likely to make for more efficient designs (b) the development of a capability to produce system hardware and software satisfying the stringent integrity requirements which the envisaged ACT applications demand, and (c) the development of a capability to implement successfully the ACT benefits, emerging from (a), by means of appropriate control laws.This paper is concerned primarily with Item (c). Subjects considered include the design of control laws for fast target acquisition and precise tracking, the design of ride-smoothing systems, control laws for manoeuvre limiting at high angles of attack, and flying qualities problems associated with aerodynamically-unstable air-craft.The design of control laws takes place through a series of steps including initial computer-aided studies followed by ground-based simulation with the pilbt-in-the-loop and ultimate validation (probably with re-tuning of control-loop parameters) through flight test.
New technology in commercial aircraft design for minimum operating cost
Authors: Stewart D. J. , Campion B. S. 
Published: March 2023

Traffic growth and the replacement of the older, less efficient and noisier aircraft—60% of Western World capacity may be regarded as in this category—provide the opportunity for applying new technologies to subsonic commercial transports. Reduction of operating cost continues to provide the major incentive, though increasing emphasis is being placed on low fuel consumption and low noise.In this paper, the term ‘advanced technology’ is taken to embrace significant engineering advances which are not commonplace on aircraft flying today. In general, it is wrong to think of such advances as new inventions. Almost without exception they have evolved over the years, with few quantum jumps. There are, of course, exceptions to this and a recent example as regards engine development might be the introduction of high bypass ratio engines in the late 1960s, which brought about a 25% improvement in specific fuel consumption. However, even this major step could be regarded as an evolutionary development from engines of bypass ratio about 1·0, which themselves had conferred significant gains relative to the straight turbo-jet engines of the late 1950s.
Finite elements for honeycomb sandwich plates and shells
Authors: Holt P. J. , Webber J. P. H. 
Published: March 2023

The honeycomb sandwich type of construction in plate and shell shapes is playing an increasing role in aerospace structures where structural efficiency is important. In some applications, such as wing or control surface trailing edges, the core is of non-constant thickness, and in others, such as engine thrust reverser buckets, the shell shape is doubly curved. Faceplates are commonly manufactured from aluminium, stainless steel or other metals, but the use of anisotropic materials, such as carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) can be expected to increase in the future.In finite element analysis, as in analytical work, sandwich plates and shells have received far less attention than thin plates and shells. However, elements have been developed specifically for sandwich plates by Barnard, Cook and Bartelds and Ottens. Of these, only the latter allows a non-constant core thickness. Evidently, such elements could be used in a facet shell representation. Only two general (as opposed to axisymmetric) curved elements specifically formulated to deal with sandwich shells seem to have appeared in the literature. Both are subject to deficiencies as noted for thin shells by Morris, and Webber discusses certain geometrical errors in the doubly curved element of Reference 5. Furthermore, both are of limited practical application. It may be concluded, therefore, that there is a need for a honeycomb sandwich shell element which is easy to use and accurate while being capable of modelling the full range of materials and shapes found in practical structures. To this end, a family of elements for use in the linear elastic finite element method is formulated. They are of general doubly curved shape and can be used to approximate thick and thin shells of positive, zero and negative Gaussian curvature in a simple and straightforward manner. They also include anisotropic faces and non-constant core thickness. Degrees of freedom are limited to three displacements at each node, and this allows mixing with other element types.
The role of aircraft in the management of insect populations in crops in the year 2000
Authors: Schaefer G. W. 
Published: March 2023

Although 2000 AD is but 20 years away, even so this is a long period in terms of the rate of recent technological development. My remarks about the possible future state of this subject must therefore be somewhat speculative. The projections will be based, however, on research carried out over the past 10 years, and I hope this will provide an element of usefulness.I shall refer to both agricultural and forestry crops. Our most extensive agricultural experience has been with cotton and its pests in the Sudan, particularly the cotton bollworm moth; and with cereals in the UK, particularly cereal aphids. Our forestry experience has been with softwoods and the spruce budworm moth in eastern Canada, and with lodge-pole pine forests and the pine beauty moth in Scotland. In terms of techniques our experience has ranged over ground-based and airborne radars, a full range of ground and airborne meteorological instrumentation, the study of insect flight behaviour by sensitive infra-red opto-electronic devices, the turbulent dispersal of spray droplets and their deposition on foliage and insects, the study and quantification of insect population dynamics, and the use of many biological techniques, including suction traps and light traps.
Aerial photography as an aid to pest forecasting
Authors: Hooper A. J. 
Published: March 2023

Control of agricultural pests and diseases has been attempted for well over one thousand years, but it is only during the present century that the means have been available to combat the problems on a large scale by the use of pesticides. The contribution which pesticides have made to the reduction of crop losses is enormous. However, the fact that significant losses of production still occur shows that they are not a complete or simple answer to the problems.When used in the broadest sense the term ‘pest' applies to a wide range of plant and animal organisms which adversely affect the crops grown by man. Attention here will be restricted to invertebrate pests and crop diseases.
Developments in aircraft power flying control hydraulics
Authors: Honey N.J. 
Published: March 2023

As we are all aware, an aircraft in flight has six degrees of freedom. Three translational, that is, lateral, longitudinal and vertical and three rotational that is, rotation about the roll pitch and yaw axes. It is the actuation and control of the surfaces which cause rotation that will be discussed.For the vast majority of aircraft, control in the three axes of rotation is achieved by three distinct movable surfaces which are elevators for pitch control, ailerons for roll control and rudder for yaw control. The effects of these controls are as follows—Fig. 1 the elevators will alter the angle of attack of the aircraft to the air and unless power is increased will result in a reduction in airspeed. If the airspeed is allowed to drop too much there will be a loss of lift on the wing and eventually a stall will occur. The ailerons will cause the aircraft to roll and alter the angle of bank. In so doing however the aircraft will begin to side slip, thus as there is more surface area aft of the cg than before it, the aircraft will turn.
The development of the composite material engine nacelle
Authors: Bennett H. W. 
Published: March 2023

Design studies have shown that the successful application of carbon fibre composites to suitable components in the RB 211 engine nacelle could achieve initially a weight saving of 200 to 250 kg per power plant.In the future the employment of the long mixed flow nacelle, and possibly higher by-pass ratio cycles, aimed at optimising engine design for maximum fuel and operating economy, will emphasise even further the need for lightweight nacelle structures.