bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Industrial And Community Waste Management: Global Perspective
Authors: Godswill Awuchi Chinaza , Gospel Awuchi Chibueze , Otuosorochi Amagwula Ikechukwu , Somtochukwu Igwe Victory 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:The review focused on the management of industrial and communal wastes. Industrial and communal waste management practices are not uniform among countries; urban and rural areas, residential, and industrial sectors, all take different approaches.
Methodology: Industrial wastes can be classified on basis of their characteristics; Waste in dissolved and pollutant is in liquid form, e.g. dairy industry; Waste in solid form, but a number of pollutants within are in the liquid or fluid form, e.g. washing of minerals or crockery industry or coal.
Results: Industrial waste is produced as a result of industrial activities, including materials rendered useless during manufacturing process such as that of food and chemical industries, mills, factories, and mining operations. Dirt and gravel, concrete and masonry, solvents, chemicals, scrap lumber, scrap metal, oil, etc. are types of industrial waste. Industrial or community waste may be liquid, solid, or gaseous. It may be absolutely hazardous, mirror entry, or non-hazardous waste. Hazardous waste can be toxic, ignitable, corrosive, radioactive, or reactive. Industrial waste may pollute the soil, the air, or nearby water bodies, ending up in the sea.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Waste management is important component in a business' ability to maintain the ISO14001 accreditation. The ISO14001 standard encourages companies to ensure green environment and improve their environmental efficiencies every year by eliminating waste through the resource recovery practices. The principles of waste management puts some factors into consideration such as waste hierarchy, life-cycle of a product, resource efficiency, and polluter-pays principle. Common waste disposal and management methods include incineration, landfill, recycling, re-use, pyrolysis, resource recovery, composting, among others. An important method of waste management in industries and communities is the prevention of waste materials being created, better known as waste reduction. The waste management industry has adopted new technologies such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, GPS, etc., which enable the collection of better quality data without the using estimation or manual data entry.
Natural Radioactivity and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk Associated With Soil in Kargi Area, Marsabit – Kenya
Authors: O Aguko , R Kinyua , G Githiri 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The main aim of investigating activity concentrations together with distribution of radionuclides naturally in soil from Kargi was to evaluate radiological health hazard together with environmental radioactivity. Research shows radionuclides as one source of exposure due to radiation with detrimental effects health wise for populations found in areas considered high background radiation.
Methodology: After collecting 117 soil samples from the area, analysis was done in order to measure their natural radioactivities due to 40K, 232Th and 226Ra radionuclides. Measurements method of gamma spectrometry employing a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector was employed basically to evaluate the radiological hazard of radioactivities. For 40K, 232Th and 226Ra, mean calculated activities were 353.19±110.07, 7.98±3.98 and 7.37±2.60 Bqkg-1 respectively. Mean values of absorbed and effective dose rates, external and internal hazard indices together with radium equivalent activity were 23.82±6.59 nGyh-1 and 0.14±0.04 mSvy-1, 0.12±0.03 and 0.14±0.04 and 45.90±12.65 Bqkg-1 respectively. Comparing with approved global values, the values were found to be below the given global limits.
Findings: Evidence of involvement of metasomatic activity of the radioelements or fractionation during weathering is seen as calculations give a higher value Th/U. Excess cancer risk, calculated from the samples showed lower values as compared to global standard values hence minimal chance of getting cancer disease. The area is safe from cancer causing radionuclides.
Unique Contribution to theory, Practice and Policy: It is recommended that High Background Radiation Area (HBRA) are healthy and good for human settlement.
Graphite as Material for Production of Crucibles Using Clay Slip Casting Method (A Case study of Sama Borkno Graphite in Warji Local Government Area of Bauchi state)
Authors: F Bello , G. Wuritka , A. Tokan , S. Musa , E Dung 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: This research work investigated the use of graphite as material for production of crucibles by using clay slip casting method.
Methodology: The graphite used was sourced from a graphite deposit located at Sama Borkno in Warji Local Government Area of Bauchi state. Clay, kaolin, fireclay silica, lime were used to bind the materials together and to make the slip more plastics and to strengthen the crucible. The investigation covered the assessment of chemical compositions of the graphite sample obtained, processing of the graphite obtained into crucible, determination of physical properties of crucible such as shrinkage, porosity, refractoriness, shock resistance and heat conductivity by ASTM standard methods.
Findings: The result of the chemical analysis for the graphite sample showed that the beneficiated graphite has enough percentage of carbon content suitable for crucible production. The shrinkage tests conducted on the samples showed percentage shrinkage of the sample ranges from 2-17 %. The results of the thermal shock tests showed that all the samples can withstand sudden change in temperature when exposed to different temperatures. The refractoriness test for the sample showed that all the samples can withstand temperatures above 12000C. Conductivity test showed good heat conductance of the samples. After the tests, it was found that sample “B” possess all the requirements required for graphite crucible production. The Crucible was produced by slip casting forming method of ceramic bodies. The crucible produced was tested by melting a brass.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that government should encourage the full time mining of indigenous graphite by providing a conducive atmosphere and assistance to miners. Some additives such as grog should also be added to the samples mixtures so as to improve the properties.
The use of Electrical Resistivity Methods to Investigate Water Table Potentials of Awka South Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: I Onyenweife 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Geophysical exploration for water table characteristics were carried out in six (6) communities of Njikoka and environs through which water table depth, depth below the water table, thickness of the saturated zone, depth with reference to mean sea level (MSL) and types of aquifer were deduced. The proven geoelectric sections of the study area based on resisitivity from the subsurface and electrical log which confirmed that depth to water table of Njikoka and environs could range from 15 m – 100 m. Depth below the water table in the study area ranged 40 m (around Nimo, Enugu Agidi) to 200 m (Ifitedunu, Ukpo) while the thicknesses of the saturated zones (aquifers) varies from 25 m to 160 m within the respective communities. Depths to Mean Sea Level were delineated to range from – 20 m to – 198 m as obtained from the difference in the water table depths and the heights above sea level which is the elevations.
Methodology: Subsurface geophysical exploration was employed in the research of groundwater availability of Njikoka and environs. Schlumberger Vertical Electrical Sounding which is the subsurface geophysical method was carried out only on two locations in each of the communities. The geophysical investigation was made with Earth Resistivity equipment
Findings: From the revealed results the study area is dominated with low land topography and prominently composed of unconfined with less cases of confined aquifer as a result of the geological settings of the study area.
Climate Change Laws: The Catholicon to the Farmer-Herder Crises in Nigeria
Authors: Okpara Chizoba , Onwuchekwa Chinonso 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The weight of overwhelming scientific evidence indicates that human-induced climate change is occurring in Nigeria, with the northern areas of the country faced with massive desertification. This has forced the northern herders down south in search of green pastures and on the farms of southerners who depend on these crops for a living. The resultant incessant clashes, this time with more sophisticated arms and weapons, take their toll in lives and property. The major problem envisaged in this work is the erroneous belief by the Federal Government that the proposed establishment of cattle colonies - Rural Grazing Areas (RUGA) - and National Livestock Transformation Programme (NLTP) will curb the farmer-herder crises.
Methodology: The study used doctrinal method of research which involve review of existing literature
Findings: Major findings in this work include that Nigeria has joined very elite countries in the world in enacting climate change laws encapsulated in the Nigeria Climate Change Act, 2021. Effective implementation of this Act therefore remains the nepenthe to the farmer-herder crises in Nigeria.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that the Nigeria Climate Change Act should be fully implemented so that the farmer-herder crises can capsize.
Production, Proximate, Mineral and Sensory Evaluation of Non-Alcoholic Beverage from Tubers: Sweetpotato and Tigernut
Authors: Idris Kaida Zubairu , Mansir Abba , Ahmad Tijjani 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The production of sweet potato and Tigernut drink was conducted and sampled A, B, C, and D at ratios 100% TND: 0%SPD, 90% TND: 10% SPD, 80% TND: 20%SPD, and 70%TND: 30%SPD respectively.
Methodology: These were analyzed for proximate and mineral analysis using methods described by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists and sensory attributes using Lawless and Heymann (2010) method. The non-alcoholic beverage drinks were examined for moisture, carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber, and ash contents.
Results: The proximate analysis of the sweetpotato and Tigernut blended beverage drink revealed that the beverage is a nutrient dense commodity with health promoting ability and high level of fiber, fat, moisture, and protein at the same time low in carbohydrate and ash. The fat content ranged from 8.46% to 12.30%, the moisture, protein, fiber, carbohydrate, and ash had the range between 60.02% - 68.14%, 8.10% - 8.50%, 5.10% - 7.10%, 8.50% - 10.00%, and 0.46% - 1.04% respectively. The minerals include Zinc, Calcium, Sodium, and Potassium that were analyzed with values (mg/100g) ranged from 26.94-53.89, 42.65-63.32, 5.83-11.67, and 554.67-1166.67 mg/100 respectively. There were increase in the mineral contents especially Zn, Na, and K. The mineral content of this beverage is good for adolescence, infants, and groups facing macro-minerals impairments. The sensory attributes of the samples were evaluated for taste, aroma, colour, and general acceptability. Highest degree of preference for aroma and general acceptability were observed in sample D, followed by sample C. A high degree of preference for taste was also seen in sample B, C, and D. In conclusion, the sensory attributes were highly graded in terms of sensory quality. It was concluded that the processing this beverage drink has the potential of bridging the gap of extreme need for health supporting beverage drinks. It will also impact the marketing of sweetpotatoes, increase productivity and providing income for farmers more importantly sweetpotato growers.
Conflict Management and Conflict Resolution
Authors: Muriuki Charity 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Conflict management indicates in the first instance the perspective of the so called ―third party (a mediator, conflict advisor, conflict manager, or supervisor), which is called to help, or engages itself after its own incentive, in order to assists to both conflict parties (and eventually one of them). One can speak about conflict dealing also when during the conflict both parties look for a consensual solution, without asking for an external assistance. The forms of approaching and dealing with conflicts could be of very different nature.
Methodology: The research was purely qualitative. Desktop literature review was conducted. Critical analysis of the literature was conducted.
Findings: The study found out that most strategies incorporate a range of peaceful measures like negotiations, mediation or facilitation, as well as coercive measures as military, political or economic sanctions including the threat with them (power mediation). While latter measures usually are of short-term character, the peaceful measures are the basis for a long-term perspective of the conflict settlement.
Unique Contributions to Theory, Practice and Policy: There is need for a strong commitment to democratic change as the cement upon which any peace agreement should be built, and that in turn necessitates a comprehensive conception of peace
The Impact of High Population on Economic Development of Pakistan
Authors: Zahir Salma 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Population is an important factor which plays a double role in the economic development of Pakistan. From one side it is related to labor force. The larger size of the population has to produce more amount of the labor force. When resources are presented in sufficient amount, then labor force can become beneficial to economic development. From the other side, the labor cannot produce anything alone, if resources are in scarce amount the afterwards larger workforce can become the obstacle to economic growth and development of Pakistan. There is a different opinion about the population growth and economic development. Some viewer says it is a real problem while the other says it is not an actual and real problem. On the basis of these views in this paper studied the population growth impact on development of Pakistan economy.
Methodology: The study used secondary data by reviewing existing literature.
Findings: It is found that high population creates so many economic, social, environmental, and sociological problem which adversely affect the economic growth and development of Pakistan. The study also revealed that the relationship between high populations and economic development could be satisfied only when the population and resources are increasing at the same rate and all the resources are to be utilized at full capacity, effective and competent method through the expert, and capable human resources in the countries like Pakistan.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommended that the government should be well aware of the problem of population growth and make efforts to control through various population welfare programs like Family Welfare Centre, Mobile Service Units and Training Centers. These are significantly contribution in controlling population growth rate, fertility rate, maternal and infant mortality rate.
An Assessment of Internally Displaced Persons’ [IDPs] Needs in Flood Prone Areas of Kogi State
Authors: Samson Idoko , William Adah , E. Alkali 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The devastating effect of flooding has led to associated serious problems and socio-economic implications. Displaced people are faced with being over-crowded in camps with the attendant consequences which include displaced children facing many dangers, especially if they have become separated from their families. Poor nutrition, poor sanitary conditions and inability to access health services make displaced persons prey to a host of diseases, most of which could be preventable. The study aim is to identify the socio-economic impacts resulting to devastating flood among internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Nigeria.
Methodology: A cross sectional study involving 4 IDP camps in Kogi State. Information on social, economic and health impacts of the devastation was collected and data analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. A total of 660 respondents (100%) were interviewed in the study. The mean age was 37.1 years and 31.9% of respondents completed secondary school education. Majority were farmers (77.3%). Of the 357 (54.09%) who had children in school before the occurrence of the disaster, only 168 (25.46%) had children in school after the flooding. Over 61.4% lost their job, 51.2% were at risk of infectious diseases and 44.35% felt insecure in the camp. Only 19.72% IDPs had access to insecticide treated net.
Findings: This study shows that IDPs face diverse challenges including food shortages, threats to health, financial constraints and psychological trauma as well as poor access to educational facilities for the children involved.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Government should ensure that necessary facilities, first aid treatment and urgent medical treatment should never be denied to any internal displacement persons, regardless of the camps. To make funds available for the management of IDPs in Nigeria governments should solicit for donations and financial aids from more international bodies. They should also collaborate with more international humanitarian organizations for assistant.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan (Sak) Etap Pada Umkm Di Kecamatan Medan Denai
Authors: Rina Walmiaty Mardi 
Published: March 2023

Dewan Standar Akuntansi (DSAK) mengesahkan Standar Akuntansi untuk Entitas Tanpa Akuntabilitas Publik (SAK ETAP) pada 19 Mei 2009. Dengan adanya SAK ETAP ini memberikan kemudahan bagi para UMKM dalam penyusunan laporan keuangan. Dalam Penerapan SAK memberikan bukti bahwa Standar Akuntansi yang menjadi pedoman di dalam penyusunan laporan keuangan. Kendala yang dihadapin oleh para UMKM, Para UMKM masih banyak yang belum mengerti dan paham dalam penerapan SAK UMKM tersebut dan akhirnya menjadi sulit untuk mendapatkan akses ke Perbankan dalam mendapatkan tambahan modal usaha. Hal ini disebabkan banyak dari pemilik (UMKM) yang belum memahami pentingnya penyusunan laporan keuangan dan mempunyai latar belakang pendidikan yang berbeda.
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisa faktor-faktor penerapan SAK ETAP bagi para UMKM yang berada di daerah Kecamatan Medan Denai, yang terdapat di 6 Kelurahan. Terdapat empat variabel independen yaitu pendidikan, pemahaman teknologi informasi, kualitatif laporan keuangan dan ukuran usaha dan variabel dependennya penerapan SAK ETAP pada UMKM. Dengan tujuan membantu para UMKM dalam penyusunan laporan Keuangan berdasarkan SAK ETAP dalam mengajukan tambahan permodalan di Perbankan untuk kelangsungan usaha para UMKM. Dalam bentuk pelatihan penerapan laporan keuangan yang berdasarkan SAK ETAP.
Metode penelitian menggunakan metode analisis faktor dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Angket / kuesioner dan Observasi.deskriptif kuantitatif, yaitu data-data yang diperoleh dari hasil interview dan pengisian kuesioner akan dibahas secara menyeluruh berdasarkan kenyataan yang terjadi pada saat penelitian dilaksanakan.
Hasil yang diperoleh analisis data pada penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan bahwa pendidikan pemilik, pemahaman tehnologi informasi, memiliki pengaruh terhadap penerapan SAK ETAP. Semakin tinggi tingkat pendidikan pemilik, pemahaman tehnologi informasi, karakteristik kualitatif laporan dan ukuran usaha pada pemilik UMKM maka semakin tinggi juga pengetahuan akan akuntansinya mengenai penerapan SAK ETAP. Ada juga hasil dari wawancara para pemilik UMKM walaupun mereka sudah memiliki kemampuan dalam menyusun laporan keuangan berdasarkan SAK ETAP untuk pengajuan pembiayaan modal ke perbankan tetapi ada sebagaian dari mereka tidak mau menggunakan fasilitas tersebut dikarenakan ada penambahan bunga. Mereka tidak mau menggunakan bunga yang disebut dengan RIBA. Karena semakin bertambahnya ilmu para pemilik UMKM tentang agama
Analisis Tingkat Kepuasan Pembeli Ditinjau Dari Fasilitas Lokasi Perbelanjaan (Studi Kasus Di Pasar Pusat Pasar Medan)
Authors: Saragih Allan Simonsen , Rismayani Rismayani , Mulyani Sri 
Published: March 2023

The decreasing number of consumers are becoming a major factor sluggishness traditional market competitiveness . Some of the main reasons customers make the shift from traditional markets to modern markets among others , the existence of the decline of traditional markets is not entirely due to the modern market . Due to the fact that the declining traditional market turnover is also influenced by the availability of facilities given to the buyer . The facility consists of a non- physical facilities and physical facilities . The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of physical facilities and non-physical facilities to customer satisfaction in Pasar Pusat Pasar , and analyze the most dominant factor influencing customer satisfaction of shopping at Pasar Pusat Pasar Medan.
By using multiple regression analysis , the result showed that non- physical facilities and physical facilities of 45.8 % impact on customer satisfaction shopping at Pasar Pusat Pasar , while 54.2 % influenced by other factors not examined in this study . Factors of physical facilities provide the most dominant influence on customer satisfaction Market shopping at Pasar Pusat Pasar . Security during and after shopping , the air around the hot market , odorless , neat arrangement of goods as well as the friendliness of the seller into the factors affecting shopping convenience.
Pengaruh Supervisi Dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Siswa Di Lembaga Pendidikan Smect Sains Medan
Authors: Sirait Bernard V.O. 
Published: March 2023

Trade world competition today was really strict. The company was demand to compete with safe in order to get vision and mission of the company which is planned. Supervision to the occupation agent and the job that done, also operate with a good quality service was two things that should have by a company, to reach the main goal of the company it self. Achieving the goal of the company would make that company will be able to survive in the middle of the highest competition of the trade in Indonesia, especially in Medan Island.
The purpose that achieve by doing this research was is supervision and service quality significantly influencing toward student’s satisfaction to guidance institution of SMECT Sains Medan, even in partial or simultaneously.
Population of the research was all of students of SMECT Sains Medan with amount 168 people, from the population the researcher took sample that used in this research as respondent. Even, the technique of sampling was used simple random sampling. In used Slovin’s formula then the researcher got the amount of sampling as many as 116 students. The method of data accumulation was done by angket. Data analysis that the researcher used was double linier regression by used SPSS program.
The result of the research shows that supervision given and quality service was influenced toward students’ satisfaction in partial or simultaneously, even percentage of coefficient of determination (R2) was 0,250 or 25% even the others influenced by motivation and coaching as 25%, even the other was influenced unrevealed variable.