bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexural strength and ballistic performance of vinyl ester resin/aramid fiber composites toughened by graphene nanosheets
Authors: Dong Bin , Wei Rubin , Wang Xiaowei , Fu Siwei , Zhang Wenting , Zhai Wen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) armor composites are kinds of composite materials specially designed and manufactured to prevent the penetration of high-speed bullets and fragments. The FRP composites are commonly composed of reinforcing fibers, resin matrix and their interfacial structures. The vinyl ester resin (VER) is a kind of thermosetting resin commonly applied in the field of high performance bulletproof composites. However, the VER has the problem of insufficient toughness after curing, which seriously limits its application. In this research, the graphene nanosheets were homogeneously dispersed into VER matrix by ultrasonic-assisted dispersing process. The effects of graphene content on the mechanical and dynamic mechanical thermal properties of VER castings were investigated. The graphene-toughened VER/aramid fiber (AF) composites were prepared by hand layup-vacuum bag molding process. The influences of graphene content on the flexural strength and ballistic resistance of VER/AF composites were investigated. The results showed that the tensile strength, elongation at break, flexural strength and non-notch impact strength of VER casting filled with 0.1 wt.% graphene increased by 5.6%, 27.6%, 11.7% and 90.5%, respectively, compared with those of unfilled VER casting. The glass transition temperature Tg of VER casting gradually increased with the increase of graphene content. The hand layup-vacuum bag molding process effectively reduced the filtering effect of the fiber fabrics on graphene sheets. When the amount of graphene was 0.1 wt.%, the flexural strength of VER/AF composite was increased by 34.2%. Due to the improvement of fracture toughness of the resin matrix, the ballistic limit velocity V
50 and specific energy absorption of the VER/AF composites were both improved.
Experimental research on impact adiabatic relationship of 30CrMnSiNi2A steel
Authors: Yan Huadong , Hu Bing , Zhang Qidong , Qu Xiaoting 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
As an ultra-high strength steel, 30CrMnSiNi2A steel has good plasticity, toughness and fatigue resistance, and it has been widely used in components that withstand explosion and dynamic shock loads. Therefore, the mechanical behavior of 30CrMnSiNi2A steel under strong impact load is the focus of attention. In this paper, the flyer impact experiment of 30CrMnSiNi2A steel is carried out in the pressure range of 0~20 GPa by a one-stage light air gun, and the impact adiabatic relationship of 30CrMnSiNi2A steel is studied. The Hugoniot pressure and Hugoniot temperature of 30CrMnSiNi2A steel were obtained by fitting the valid experimental data. The research results provide a reference for the application of 30CrMnSiNi2A steel in the field of explosion and impact.
Parameters identification and forward rushing motion optimization for a big calibre soft recoil gun
Authors: Zhao W , Hou B L 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Aiming to deal with the problem of the forward rushing velocity reduction caused by the increase of the firing angle of the soft recoil gun, a dynamical model of the soft recoil gun during forward rushing motion is established, and an improved immune clone selection algorithm is proposed. The vaccination strategy is introduced into the immune clone selection algorithm to improve the convergence speed. The random crossover strategy and elite learning mechanism enhances the ability to escape from the local extremes and avoids premature algorithmic maturity. Based on the introduction of the above three strategies, the convergence speed and calculation accuracy of the algorithm are improved, and the convergence time is greatly shortened which saves a lot of time for subsequent parameter identification and optimization calculations. By using the improved immune clone selection algorithm, the unknown parameters in the dynamical model can be identified accurately and quickly. Then, the parameters are used to correct the dynamical model which increase the accuracy of the optimization results. Finally, the algorithm is used to optimize the initial pressure of the gas spring in the forward momentum generator, so as to ensure that different firing angles have the same maximum forward rushing velocity, which improves the stability of the forward rushing motion and the reliability of the firing. Through the optimization calculation, the pressure variation curve of the gas spring with the change of the firing angle is finally determined. The forward rushing velocity is stable at 5.65m/s with different firing angles.
Influence of High-temperature Environment on Cook-off Characteristics of Modular Charge
Authors: Qian H Y , Yu Y G 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to study the heating process of the modular charge loaded into the chamber after the continuous firing of the large caliber gun in the high-temperature environment, a 2D transient cook-off model of the modular charge retained in the chamber was established with cook-off method. When the ambient temperature is 323K and the critical temperature of the inner wall of the gun chamber is 443K, the wall temperature distribution of the gun is solved after 2 rounds/min of continuous firing. Taking this as the initial temperature condition, the cook-off process of the modular charge in the chamber is numerically simulated, and then the cook-off-odd characteristics of the modular charge in the high-temperature environment are analyzed. The results show that after 33 rounds of continuous firing at 2 rounds/min at 323K ambient temperature, the temperature of the inner wall of the gun chamber reaches 442.7K, and the modular charge would have a cook-off response after 107.5s after loading into the chamber, and the response temperature is 483.5K. The initial response position of the modular charge is located at the inner wall of the upper right corner of the module cartridge. The consistency between numerical calculation and experimental results shows that the model could analyze the cook-off problem of modular charge in bore well.
Experimental Study and Numerical Calculation of Projectile Dynamic Engraving Process
Authors: Yang M , Zhang X W 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The high temperature and pressure gas in the combustion chamber pushes the projectile towards the muzzle during the firing of the gun. The projectile belt is squeezed and deformed by the forcing cone. In order to study the dynamic engraving characteristics of the projectile, a short-barrel gun launcher was designed for experimental research. The projectile dynamics and projectile base pressure curves during the engraving process were obtained. Based on the experimental loading conditions, the J-C elastic-plastic model was used to numerically simulate the dynamic engraving process of the copper elastic belt. The deformation process of the elastic belt and the change characteristics of the resistance after the elastic were studied and the intrusion displacement obtained by the numerical calculation was compared with the experimental results and the results are consistent.
Design and experiment of broadband electric field sensor for high-power sub-nanosecond pulse measurements
Authors: Jiang Dan , Su Yun , Wang Yajie , Jin Zhaoxin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper briefly introduces the structure and working principle of the electric field sensor. And a conductive electric field sensor for measuring sub-nanosecond voltage pulse is designed. The sensor consists of coaxial transition section and integrated electric field probe. N-type connector and SMA connector are selected for input/direct output port and coupling output port respectively. The equivalent antenna area of electric field sensor measured by vector network analyzer is about 0.035cm2, and the 3dB bandwidth is more than 5GHz. The results show that the sensor can accurately measure the time-domain voltage pulse produced by the sub-nanosecond solid-state sources.
Engineering calculation and analysis of aerodynamic heating for hypersonic rocket sled
Authors: Hu Bing , Qu Xiaoting , Fu Liang , Yan Huadong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Aerodynamic heating and temperature distribution are one of the problems that must be considered in the design of hypersonic rocket sled. In order to evaluate the aerodynamic heating environment of hypersonic rocket sled, the typical monorail rocket sled with cone cylinder combination is taken as the research object, the aerodynamic heating calculation methods such as Modified Newton Theory, Reynolds Analogy Theory, Reference Enthalpy Method and Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction are used, and the temperature variation law of rocket sled conical surface under Mach 5 and Mach 7 ballistic is calculated and compared with the measured data in the literature to verify the accuracy of the calculation program. The engineering calculation method can provide a reliable design basis for the rocket sled structure and thermal protection configuration. The analysis of the calculation results shows that when the speed of hypersonic rocket sled exceeds Mach 5, serious thermal heating problem cannot be ignored, and protective measures such as thermal protective materials and helium channel should be taken.
A Fuzzy Controller for PFN Trigger Time Sequence in Electromagnetic Railgun System
Authors: Zhang Huayi , Tang Yilin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
For the electromagnetic launch system, how to realize the wide pulse, fast rise, and small fluctuation of pulse forming network output current is a core problem. A trigger time sequence control method based on fuzzy theory for the pulse forming network is proposed in this paper. First, circuit models of pulse forming unit, pulse forming network, and electromagnetic rail launcher is established. Second, a fuzzy trigger time sequence controller model for pulse forming network is designed by using Simulink. Third, fixed time sequence discharge tests consisting of 20 pulsed forming units on the linear simulation load are carried out to verify the accuracy of the simulation model. Finally, discharge tests on the linear simulation load and launch tests on the electromagnetic railgun are carried out to verify the precision of the fuzzy controller output respectively. The results show that the designed fuzzy trigger time sequence controller can obtain the ideal trigger time sequence, which demonstrates the pragmatic and reliability of fuzzy control algorithm.
Design and test of a compact capacitor-based energy storage pulsed power module with high repetitive discharge frequency
Authors: Wang Zhang-fei , Liu Jian , Feng Bo , Li Bao-ming 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Advance in electromagnetic launch have put forward higher requirements for the pulsed power supply(PPS). A capacitive PPS for electromagnetic launcher has been constructed in NJUST recently with a basic cell of 220kJ energy storage, which has a good scalability. Design of integrated 220kJ pulsed power unit (PFU) was demonstrated in the paper. To meet the requirement of compact structure of PPS, the device design and system layout are considered and combined with simulation to optimize the magnetic field distribution in the constrained space. In order to achieve the function of continuous discharge, the reliability of thermal management system, control system and safety protection system are focused on. System description was presented in the paper. A series of experiments were conducted to verify the performance of the module. The results show that the PFU shows good reliability in 10 consecutive burst-shot tests. Due to the modular setup of this pulse formation network, it can be extended to a larger-scale pulse forming network. Flexible current pulse shapes can be formed by controlling the charging voltage and the trigger time of the PFU.
Numerical simulation analysis of armature force under muzzle arc
Authors: Gao Yuan , Zhang Ya-zhou , Li Yan-ming , Zhao Bin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
the metal component arc plasma at the muzzle of railgun is simulated by magneto-hydro-dynamic(MHD) model, and the flow field under the interaction between armature and muzzle arc jet during the movement of muzzle position is modeled and simulated. The sheath model is considered in the plasma simulation near armature during the movement. According to the calculation results of the MHD model, the transient current curve through the armature is analyzed, and based on the results, the transient electromagnetic field simulation of the armature-arc-rail system is realized. The results show that during the launch process, the drastic change of armature current will produce eddy current in the armature, resulting in the component of electromagnetic force opposite to the launch direction.
Research on dynamic characteristics of gun turret under launching load
Authors: Li Y , Yang G W , Meng Q Z , Wang K Z 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to further study the dynamic characteristics of gun turret under firing load. Firstly, the relative motion between inner ring and outer ring was decomposed into axial translational motion, radial translational motion and rotational freedom in two orthogonal radial planes in order to solve the problem of large number of ball bearings and complex contact calculation in the actual structure of turret ring. Then, the equivalent dynamic mathematical model of turret ring was established. Based on the finite element method, the turret ring is equivalent to Bushing with body-body connection type, Multi-point constraints algorithm and Deformable Behavior attribute. The equivalent stiffness of the turret ring is set as linear stiffness, and the turret dynamic model is established. The dynamic response simulation of the turret under the action of firing load was carried out. The acceleration sensor was arranged at the left trunnion position of the turret, and the acceleration generated by the transient force during firing was measured at the left trunnion position. The results showed that the test value of the acceleration at the left trunnion position was 1304.38m /s2,the simulation value of the turret dynamic model is 1425 m/s2, and the error is 8.46%, which verifies the accuracy of the turret dynamic model and indicates that the turret dynamic model can reflect the dynamic characteristics of the turret well.
Study of seat dynamics under transient strong impact load
Authors: Li Y , Tian N , Wang H J , Dou X 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The turret seat ring assumes an important load transfer role in the gun firing process, and its stiffness has a great influence on the muzzle vibration response. Based on the basic theory of nonlinear finite element method, this paper establishes a high-precision refined finite element analysis model of the seat ring based on the contact and collision between the ring and the steel ball, the steel ball and the fixed ring, and the fitting gap between the steel ball and the ring and the fixed ring, and characterizes the equivalent stiffness of the seat ring by its axial equivalent stiffness, radial equivalent stiffness and overturning equivalent stiffness. The dynamic response is obtained by simulation. The results show that the axial equivalent stiffness, radial equivalent stiffness and overturning equivalent stiffness of the seat ring are non-linear in a certain load range, and the equivalent stiffness changes linearly and steadily with the increase of load, and fluctuates in a small range.
Design of initiating explosives for semiconductor bridge Primer for rapid-fire projectiles
Authors: Ren Wei , Li Hui , Yingke Chang , Chu En-yi , Chen Jian-hua , Li Jiao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Based on SCB (semiconductor bridge) chip technology, this paper designs a semiconductor bridge ignition component in the standard primer shell, and designs a primer prototype for the high instantaneous, high safety, and high consistency ignition requirements of the current rapid-fire projectiles for the primer of pyrotechnics. First of all, the design and study of a high instantaneous, insensitive SCB chip can meet the safety of 1A1W5min without fire, while reducing the fire time and fire energy; secondly, the research on the packaging technology of SCB chips is carried out. Combined with PCB or ceramic parts, a flat package structure is designed and matched with the standard primer structure. At the same time, the design and performance test of the semiconductor bridge primer for rapid-fire projectiles has been completed. The results show that the action time of the prototype the integrated primer is ≯200µs, and the dispersion is ≯30µs; compared with the current electric primer product, its safety, instantaneousness, and action time are more consistent, and the overall performance is better.
A magnetic field constrained type of multi-barrel common-rail railgun
Authors: Guo Wei , Zhang Tao , Mu Zeyuan , Zhu Wenfang , Li Mingtao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Adopting the simultaneous launch mode of small and medium caliber railgun is an important means to increase the firepower density, improve the hit probability and strike efficiency. Based on this requirement, this paper creatively proposed a new multi-barrel simultaneous launch EM railgun, named magnetic field constrained type of multi-barrel common-rail railgun. The basic idea is to integrate multiple single-turn rail launchers with a specific structure into one launcher, and “merge” one rail of each single-turn rail launcher with a tight structure combination and arrange it in the center to form the “common rail” of multi-barrel launcher. The other rail of each rail launcher is evenly distributed around the “common rail” in the form of petals, forming the “outer rail” of each rail launcher. “Common rail” and all “outer rails” together form a multi-barrel rail launcher. With the increase of the number of barrels, the current of each barrel is superimposed many times in the common-rail, which greatly improves the magnetic induction intensity of the inner bore, thus improving the launching efficiency of the system. In order to overcome the problem of high magnetic induction intensity near the common-rail and low magnetic induction intensity near the external rail caused, a magnetic field constrained structure is added to the external rail to form a magnetic field constrained type of multi-barrel common-rail railgun. The basic structure of electromagnetic railgun with different number of barrels is simulated, and the spatial distribution characteristics of magnetic field are analyzed. Based on the magnetic field analysis, the interior ballistic simulation of the multi-barrel common-rail railgun is carried out, and the interior ballistic characteristics and launching efficiency of various numbers of barrels are analyzed. The simulation results show that the magnetic field constrained type of multi-barrel common-rail railgun can effectively improve the magnetic induction intensity near the external rail, improve the uniformity of the magnetic induction intensity distribution in the inner bore, and improve the inductance gradient, thus increasing the system efficiency. The structure of the multi-barrel common-rail railgun provides a new idea for the engineering application of the multi-barrel simultaneous launch mode.
Research on Error Transfer Model and Simulation of Aircraft Gun Structure
Authors: Liu B , Liu J , Yan S B , Wang K 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to study the influence of structural motion and geometric error on the firing density during the firing of the aircraft gun, based on the multi-body dynamics theory, the structural topology of the aircraft gun was established, and the motion error coordinate relationship was constructed by the firing chain and the support chain of the aircraft gun. Establish motion transformation matrix and error transformation matrix between adjacent volumes. Further, the error transfer model of the aircraft gun firing process is constructed. The transmission law of the muzzle offset error caused during the firing of the aircraft gun is revealed. Then the model is simulated and analyzed, and the parameters such as test position error, motion error and muzzle vibration displacement under different firing rates are identified. Finally, the simulation results are compared with the experimental test results. The results show that the average error rate in the azimuth direction is 3.94%, and the average error rate in the pitch direction is 6.86%. The error rate in the pitch direction is significantly higher than that in the azimuth direction, and the measured offset values are higher than the simulated values, which verifies the validity and correctness of the model. It can meet the engineering design requirements and provide the basis for the structural design and optimization of the aircraft gun.
Titanium Alloy Artillery Barrel and Radial Precision Forging Technology Discussion
Authors: Jiayong Zhou , Fanzhe Meng , Xiaopu Wu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The application of titanium alloy barrel in artillery weapon system can effectively reduce the weight of artillery, which is significant to enhance its mobility, precision strike capability and battlefield survivability. Based on the review of relevant literature, the development and application of titanium alloy and titanium alloy barrel and barrel forging process are summarized, which lays the technical foundation for the research of titanium alloy barrel radial precision forging technology. At the same time, the current problems of titanium alloy artillery barrel radial precision forging are proposed, and the corresponding pre-solution is given, which has important research value and practical significance to effectively improve the comprehensive performance of titanium alloy barrel. It has an important research value and practical significance to effectively improve the comprehensive performance of titanium alloy barrel.
Application of Modular Expression of Bond Space in Muzzle Disturbance Analysis
Authors: He F , Wang M S , Liu Z L 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to simulate the complex dynamic behavior of automata system and analyze muzzle disturbance, a modular dynamic model of automata was established based on bond space theory. The bond space modules of the cradle, gun box, barrel and projectile were defined, and the state equations of each module of the automata were deduced in terms of momentum space vector and position change space vector and their first derivative. The whole model is established by connecting the generalized potential source and generalized flow source of each module. On this basis, the muzzle disturbance analysis is carried out by solving the model, and the simulation results are consistent with the test results of the continuous firing test. It shows that the muzzle disturbance analysis model based on the modular representation of bond space is correct, and provides a new method for the dynamic analysis of the projectile and gun coupling launching system.
Research on variable stiffness characteristics of turntable bearing under heavy load condition based on FEM
Authors: Kong Fan-kai , Zhao Jia-wei , Nie Chong-yang , Chen Fei , Zhang Nan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Based on ANSYS finite element analysis software, a method of extracting stiffness matrix of four-point contact ball bearing was proposed. The finite element model of four-point contact ball bearing was established, the stress and strain of the bearing under different loads were calculated, and the relationship between load and stress and strain was analyzed, The global stiffness matrices of turntable bearing with steel and aluminum as inner ring materials are extracted and compared, and the causes of large changes in the matrix are analyzed.