bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Distally Based Island Posterior-Interosseous Flap - An Experience
Authors: Singh Dr. A.K. , Sharan Dr. A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSoft tissue reoconstructions of the hand is an exciting challence for reconstructive surgeon. The choice is between using a distant flap, mono or biaxial with or without delays, a free flap with microvascular anastamosis or an Island flap.The advent of local flaps radial and other forearm flaps has solved problem admirably (Song et al, 1982; Biemer and Stock, 1983; Soutar and Tanner, 1984; Foucher et al, 1984). However it does involve sacrifice of a major artery to the hand.
Evaluation of Amino Acid (ALAMIN-SN) in Burns
Authors: Chowdhary Dr. Mrs Siti Roy , Sinha Dr. P.K. , Roy Dr. Collin , Ghatak Dr. R. , Karmakar Dr. S. , Roy Dr. A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract20 patients of burns in the control group and 20 in the ALAMIN group were enrolled in this open labelled clinical trial to determine the effect of amino acid infusion on selected parameters.It is observed that patients given 2 bottles a day of ALAMIN-SN for a period of 20 days (which provides 6.08 grams Nitrogen and 20.32 grams of protein per day) show significant improvement in Haemoglobin levels, Serum Albumin and reduction in Burn areas. There is s statistically significant improvement in the nitrogen balance in patients administered ALAMIN-SN.
Rotational energy transfer in the collision of N2O with He atom
Authors: Yang Hanwei , Liu Xinyang , Liu Yuqian , Xu Mohan , Li Zheng 
Published: September 2023

The quantum state-to-state rotationally inelastic quenching of N2O by colliding with a He atom is studied on an ab initio potential energy surface with N2O lying on its vibrational ground state. The cross sections for collision energies from 10−6–100 cm−1 and rate constants from 10−5–10 K are calculated employing the fully converged quantum close-coupling method for the quenching of the j = 1–6 rotational states of N2O. Numerous van der Waals shapes or Feshbach resonances are observed; the cross sections of different channels are found to follow the Wigner scaling law in the cold threshold regime and may intersect with each other. In order to interpret the mechanism and estimate the cross sections of the rotational energy transfer, we propose a minimal classical model of collision between an asymmetric double-shell ellipsoid and a point particle. The classical model reproduces the quantum scattering results and points out the attractive interactions and the potential asymmetry can affect the collision process. The resulting insights are expected to expand our interpretations of inelastic scattering and energy transfer in molecular collisions.
The CN(X 2Σ+) + C2H6 reaction: Dynamics study based on an analytical full-dimensional potential energy surface
Authors: Espinosa-Garcia Joaquin , Rangel Cipriano 
Published: September 2023

The hydrogen abstraction reaction of the cyano radical with molecules of ethane presents some interesting points in the chemistry from ultra-cold to combustion environments especially with regard to HCN(v) product vibrational distribution. In order to understand its dynamics, a new analytical full-dimensional potential energy surface was developed, named PES-2023. It uses a combination of valence bond and mechanic molecular terms as the functional form, fitted to high-level ab initio calculations at the explicitly correlated CCSD(T)-F12/aug-cc-pVTZ level on a reduced and selected number of points describing the reactive process. The new surface showed a continuous and smooth behavior, describing reasonably the topology of the reaction: high exothermicity, low barrier, and presence of intermediate complexes in the entrance and exit channels. Using quasi-classical trajectory calculations (QCT) on the new PES-2023, a dynamics study was performed at room temperature with special emphasis on the HCN(v1,v2,v3) product stretching and bending vibrational excitations, and the results were compared with the experimental evidence, which presented discrepancies in the bending excitation. The available energy was mostly deposited as HCN(v) vibrational energy with the vibrational population inverted in the CH stretching mode and not inverted in the CN stretching and bending modes, thus simulating the experimental evidence. Other dynamics properties at room temperature were also analyzed; cold rotational energy distribution was found, associated with a linear and soft transition state, and backward scattering distribution was found, associated with a rebound mechanism.
Green synthesis of dual-spinneret electrospun polyacrylonitrile–ZnO@β-cyclodextrin–chitosan nanofibrous nanocomposite as a novel nano-biosorbent
Authors: Hajmohammadi Sohrab , Ghazanfari Dadkhoda , Sheikhhosseini Enayatollah , Rastakhiz Nahid , Asadollahzadeh Hamideh 
Published: September 2023

A significant range of intriguing nanomaterials includes photocatalytic and antibacterial nanocomposites, which exhibit great efficacy in water treatment. In this work, Euphorbia hebecarpa extract was used as a novel natural reducing agent to investigate the environmentally friendly production of ZnO@β-cyclodextrin (CD) nanoparticles (NPs). In the following, polyacrylonitrile, ZnO@β-CD and chitosan nanofibers were electrospun concurrently using a dual-electrospinning process to create a unique nano-biosorbent made of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)–ZnO@β-CD–chitosan (CS) nanofibrous nanocomposite. Additionally, this nanocomposite’s effectiveness as a novel photocatalyst and antibacterial agent for eliminating organic dyes like methylene blue was evaluated. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy (RS) were used to analyze the structure of the nanocomposite. The outcomes verified the production of ZnO@β-CD, which had evenly shaped particles with an average size of 45 nm on the nanofibrous matrix. This nanocomposite exhibited removal efficiency of methylene blue of ~90% after 105 min at pH 7 and 2.5 g L−1 nanocomposite concentration. Furthermore, an antibacterial test revealed that PAN–ZnO@β-CD–CS nanofibrous nanocomposite with 6% ZnO showed over 80% reduction in colony-forming units per millilitre against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus iniae.
A passive ‘One Health’ surveillance system to track canine rabies in urban India
Authors: Vanak Abi Tamim , Panchamia Neha , Banerji Indrakshi , Nair Malvika 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Robust and widely implementable ‘One Health’ surveillance systems are required to detect and control the spread of zoonotic infectious diseases. Using technological tools coupled with a rapid field response and rapid diagnostics can help in the surveillance of deadly diseases such as rabies, even in densely populated urban areas. Here, we describe the use of an animal rescue system (Hawk Data Pro) that was adapted as a passive surveillance tool for rabies in a large metropolis in India. We used a Webline and helpline that reported injured or sick animals to an animal rescue facility to determine possible rabies cases in street animals in Pune city in western India. Suspected rabid animals were tested using lateral flow assays and this information was used to direct awareness materials on rabies as well as in conducting mass dog vaccinations in areas that reported multiple cases. Over a ~4-year period, we received over 90,700 calls or reports, of which 1162 calls were for suspected rabies cases in dogs, and 6 for other animals (cats, goats and cattle). Of these, 749 dogs and 4 other animals tested positive for rabies. Most of the cases were reported from the densely human-populated central Pune region. In response, ~21,000 people were provided with educational materials on post-bite management, and ~23,000 dogs were vaccinated. We show that the adoption of the Hawk Data Pro system as a passive surveillance tool allowed us to document an ongoing outbreak of rabies in a large metropolis in India. Such systems can be modified or adapted to other areas as well to meet the surveillance and reporting requirements of the WHO’s Zeroby30 strategy to eliminate rabies globally.

One Health impact statement
India is a priority country for the action plan for rabies elimination by 2030. Yet, systematic surveillance for rabies in the primary reservoir remains weak. Here, we showcase a collaboration with an animal welfare organization and adaptation of their bespoke animal rescue system for passive surveillance of rabies in dogs and other animals in Pune city in western India. This method allowed us to improve the detection of potentially rabid animals, rapidly ensure post-exposure prophylaxis and provide awareness materials for exposed human victims. To the best of our knowledge, this collaboration between scientists and civil society organizations resulted in the detection of the largest number of rabies cases reported in an urban area anywhere in the world. The use of this system highlights the scope of the problem in urban India and also provides practical guidance on how to improve surveillance using basic technological tools.
Empowering African Girls?
Authors: Bellows-Blakely Sarah 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In the 1980s and 1990s, actors from The African Women’s Development and Communication Network (FEMNET) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) created and internationalized frameworks for girl-focused economic policymaking. They successfully lobbied to include girl-centered programming in the 1995 UN World Conference on Women—the fourth and final event of its kind and one that cemented international norms for the linked UN movements for women’s rights and economic development. Yet this is not a tale of smooth circulation or easy alliances. Within the UNICEF-FEMNET network, ideas about girls and poverty were hotly contested; they did not couple seamlessly. As some frameworks internationalized, others disappeared. Combining histories of knowledge with intersectional and postcolonial methodologies shows how the creation of dominant policy frameworks has involved not only the diffusion of ideas but also their erasure. The article puts forth an alternative methodology that analyzes the interwoven processes of circulation and noncirculation, and of selective amplification and silencing, that have often driven the internationalization of knowledge and the writing of history.
Only CDT values knowledge
Authors: Nielsen Michael 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Causal decision theory is often motivated as a ‘revision of [decision theory] intended to solve Newcomb’s problem’ (Bacon 2022). In this paper, I give a direct argument for CDT by deriving it from a venerable decision-theoretic principle: the value of knowledge principle. The general framework that I use to deliver this result also supports a new argument for conditionalization.
Reduced gray matter volume in the default-mode network associated with insulin resistance
Authors: Asano Saki , Ogawa Akitoshi , Osada Takahiro , Oka Satoshi , Nakajima Koji , Oshima Yasushi , Tanaka Sakae , Kaga Hideyoshi , Tamura Yoshifumi , Watada Hirotaka , Kawamori Ryuzo , Konishi Seiki 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Insulin resistance may lead to structural and functional abnormalities of the human brain. However, the mechanism by which insulin resistance impairs the brain remains elusive. In this study, we used two large neuroimaging databases to investigate the brain regions where insulin resistance was associated with the gray matter volume and to examine the resting-state functional connectivity between these brain regions and each hypothalamic nucleus. Insulin resistance was associated with reduced gray matter volume in the regions of the default-mode and limbic networks in the cerebral cortex in older adults. Resting-state functional connectivity was prominent between these networks and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, a hypothalamic interface connecting functionally with the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, we found a significant correlation in these networks between insulin resistance-related gray matter volume reduction and network paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus resting-state functional connectivity. These results suggest that insulin resistance-related gray matter volume reduction in the default-mode and limbic networks emerged through metabolic homeostasis mechanisms in the hypothalamus.
A-009 Analytical Concordance of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I and T Assays in Patients From the CONTRAST Trial Presenting to an Emergency Department
Authors: Gunsolus I L , Schulz K M , Sandoval Y , Smith S W , Apple F S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
There are limited data on the analytical concordance of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) T and hs-cTnI assays. The goal of this study was to evaluate the concordance of one hs-cTnT and one hs-cTnI assay relative to each assay’s limit of quantitation (LoQ) and 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL).

Methods
The Comparison of Troponin I and T Assays Trial (CONTRAST) NCT03214029 is an observational study that evaluated the concordance of two FDA-cleared hs-cTn assay concentrations measured at presentation (0 h) and 2 h by the Abbott ARCHITETCT i2000 hs-cTnI (clinically used assay) and Roche cobas 601 Gen 5 hs-cTnT (measured for investigational purposes) from consecutively enrolled patients presenting to an urban US medical center with symptoms suggestive of ischemia. Concordance at presentation (0 h) was assessed relative to each assay’s FDA-cleared reporting concentration (LoQ), and FDA-cleared sex-specific 99th percentile URLs. The incidence of myocardial injury, defined as at least one concentration above the 99th percentile URL over serial sampling, was also evaluated.

Results
At presentation hs-cTn concentrations &lt;LoQs (Abbott 3.5 ng/L, Roche 6 ng/L) were 834/2270 (37%) and 530/2270 (23%), respectively. The concordance of results &lt;LoQ was 81%. The Abbott assay showed a higher percent of concentrations below both female and male URLs than did the Roche assay. For females, concentrations below the sex-specific 99th percentile URLs were 707/945 (75%) for Abbott hs-cTnI (16 ng/L) and 545/945 (58%) for Roche hs-cTnT (14 ng/L, P &lt; 0.03). For males, concentrations below the sex-specific 99th percentile URLs were 1100/1325 (83%) for Abbott hs-cTnI (34 ng/L) and 900/1325 (68%) for Roche hs-cTnT (22 ng/L). The concordance of results below the sex-specific 99th percentile URLs for both assays was 80%. Among males with presentation concentrations &lt;URL, the incidence of myocardial injury (hs-cTn &gt;URL at 2 h) was approximately two-fold greater for the Roche hs-cTnT (59/900, 6.2%) than Abbott hs-cTnI (31/1110, 2.8%). Females with presentation concentrations &lt;URL showed similar rates of myocardial injury at 2 h for the Roche (24/545 [4.4%]) and Abbott assays (36/707 [5.1%]).

Conclusion
We report a 20% discordance between Abbott hs-cTnI and Roche hs-cTnT assays in detecting myocardial injury at respective 99th percentile URLs and at each assays’ FDA allowed LoQ reporting limit.
A-013 Creation of a Commutable Cardiac Troponin I Reference Material Coined 8121 by the National Institute for Science and Technology and the IFCC Workgroup for Cardiac Troponin I Standardization
Authors: Christenson R H , Duh S , Payne R , Clapshaw S , Lowenthal M S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Harmonizing cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is needed because this biomarker is central to defining cardiac injury, and is essential for diagnosis and management of myocardial infarction (MI) and other cardiac conditions. cTnI measurements have evolved through several generations; state-of-the-art assays are coined “high-sensitivity cTnI” tests. We describe development and availability of commutable Reference Material (RM)8121, designed and created by the National institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the IFCC workgroup for cTnI standardization for availability to stakeholders.

Methods
RM8121 is a lithium heparinized series of four Levels of increasing cTnI concentration coined Levels A (lowest) to D (highest). Each RM8121 concentration resulted from combining an elevated cTnI pool from sample collections from 58 MI patients with a blending pool comprised of low cTnI samples from 15 healthy females and 15 males, all &lt;40-years old. All subjects donating collections were consented under an IRB-approved protocol at the University of Maryland. All enrolled subjects were confirmed negative for hepatitis A, B, C and HIV infection. Hemolyzed, lipemic and icteric samples were excluded from pooling. RM8121’s Levels A–D were homogenized, and 0.71 mL aliquots pipetted into 2-mL vials. hs-cTnI concentrations were measured at critical points throughout the recruitment, sample collection, blending and final aliquoting processes using the Atellica® IM TnIH assay (Siemens Healthineers).

Results
Approximately 3000 units of RM8121 are available. The table displays the hs-cTnI concentrations of the blending and high pools. Concentrations of RM8121 Levels A and B were designed to bracket the female and male 99th percentile URLs, with RM8121 Levels C and D in the range of 9-fold and 100-fold greater than the female 99th URL, respectively.

Conclusion
Values for FDA cleared hs-cTnI assays will be assigned for RM8121. Availability of this commutable cTnI RM is intended to assist in harmonizing current and future hs-cTnI assays.
A-046 Investigating the Role of RNase L in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Zame A A , Liu D , Zhou A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Metabolic syndrome is closely associated with the incidence of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and stroke. Though the exact cause of metabolic syndrome is not known, many features of the metabolic syndrome are caused by insulin resistance. Recent years, accumulating evidence has shown that dysregulation of insulin signaling leads to insulin resistance. Interestingly, we have observed that RNase L affects the insulin signaling pathway by regulating the activation of insulin receptor subtrate-1 (IRS-1) in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and primary mouse hepatocyte. RNase L is an enzyme that plays a critical role in interferon function against viral infection and cellular proliferation. How RNase L affects the insulin signaling pathway is still unknown.

Methods
Age-matched C57BL/6 background RNase L wild type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice (n = 6–8) were fed on a chow diet. Metabolic tolerance tests including glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were conducted on mice between 12 and 16 weeks old. Mice were subjected to either a morning (4 h) or an overnight (12 h) fast, then intraperitoneally injected with glucose (1.5 g/kg body weight) in PBS, pH 7.4, for GTT and insulin (1.0I U/kg body weight) for ITT. Blood was collected via tail vein at different time intervals over a span of 2 h and blood glucose was measured using a glucometer.

Results
We found that RNase L KO mice displayed significantly increased glucose tolerance in compared to RNase L WT mice as measured in the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. The glucose level in RNase L KO mice was 150% higher than that in RNase L WT mice after IP injection of glucose in 60 min. In the ITT experiment, the glucose level in RNase L KO mice was 130% higher than that in WT mice in 60 min post injection. Taken together, the results in GTT and ITT indicated that RNase L mediates the metabolism of glucose in vivo. Further investigation of molecular mechanisms is currently being conducted.

Conclusion
Our results suggests that RNase L plays a role in insulin sensitivity, which affects glucose metabolism.
A-050 Understanding the Complex Relationship Between TSH and Free Thyroxine
Authors: Lee D J , Che Rahim N S , Aw T C 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Guidelines suggest screening for thyroid disease using thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) first before free thyroxine (fT4) since there is an inverse log-linear relationship between them; the signal favors TSH over fT4 in a ratio of &gt;100:2. We reassessed this fT4 to TSH relationship following the improved 3rd generation TSH assay from Roche (since 09/2019).

Methods
Consecutive paired TSH/fT4 (n = 7484) from distinct ambulatory non-hospitalized subjects that were assayed on cobas e801 were retrieved from our laboratory information system and combined with similar data from Kuala Lumpur Hospital (n = 11 369) that were assayed on cobas e601. Reference intervals and measuring limits for the Roche assays were 0.4–4.0 μIU/L and 0.005–100 μIU/L for TSH, and fT4 10–20 pmol/L and 0.3–100 pmol/L for fT4, respectively. Values outside the reportable limits (n = 618) were excluded. Descriptive statistics, linear and nonparametric (kernel) regression were performed using the statistical software packages in R 4.2.0.

Results
Linear regression of logTSH against fT4 (n = 18 235) gave an r = −0.35. Nonparametric regression revealed two negative sigmoid curves merging into the euthyroxinemic region (see Graph). Three different segments can be discerned; hypothyroxinemic (fT4 &lt; 10): logTSH = 1.91–0.136fT4 (n = 422; r = −0.39, P &lt; 0.001), euthyroxinemic (fT4 10–20): logTSH = 0.672–0.028fT4 (n = 15 754, r = −0.13, P &lt; 0.001), and hyperthyroxinemic (fT4&gt;20): logTSH = 1.106–0.055fT4 (n = 2059, r = −0.33, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
The relationship between fT4 and TSH is complex. The widely accepted view of a constant gradient of logTSH against fT4 over the whole range of thyroid test values is inaccurate. Three distinct relationships correspond to each biochemical thyroid status. In the hypothyroxinemic and hyperthyroxinemic range, TSH increases almost 5-fold and 13-fold with a doubling of fT4, respectively. In the euthyroxinemic range, there is no relationship between logTSH and fT4. While a TSH first strategy is applicable in hypo/hyperthyroxinemia, both TSH/fT4 are still required to confirm diagnoses and for baseline assessment prior to commencing therapy.