bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative quantitative kinetic study of rapid iodination of thiazole and its methyl derivatives in aqueous medium
Authors: Kad Megha N. , Bhadane Ranjana P. , Walke Sandhya B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe study provides a quantitative framework for the assessment of the relative reactivity of thiazole and its two methyl derivatives namely 2‐methylthiazole and 4‐methylthiazole towards iodination reaction. Thiazole and its derivatives have a wide range of industrial and medicinal applications attributed to the ability of thiazole to manifest substituents around the core scaffold. The kinetic study of the iodination reactions of these substrates helps in the above applications since kinetics is an important investigational tool in configuring the mechanism of the reaction. In the present work, molecular iodine (I2) and iodine monochloride (ICl) were used as reagents for the iodination of thiazole, 2‐methylthiazole, and 4‐methylthiazole in aqueous medium. The iodination reactions are rapid electrophilic substitution reactions and hence special technique known as hydrodynamic voltammetry was employed for the kinetic study. Iodine is the only electro‐reducible species in the reactions. As the solution is devoid of iodide ions, a decrease in the concentration of iodine is measured in terms of diffusion current using a rotating platinum electrode with a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) as a reference electrode. The reactivity correlation of substrates towards iodination reaction was quantitively assessed by determining the reaction rate constants and thermodynamic parameters. The study shows overall rate of iodination of 4‐methylthiazole is faster than 2‐methylthiazole which is faster than thiazole. The study helps to develop a mechanistic approach considering the effect of substituent present on the thiazole ring. The order of reactivity of the reagents was determined based on obtained rate constants and explained owing to the nature of the reagent.
Artificial reseeding improves multiple ecosystem functions in an alpine sandy meadow of the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Tian Lihua , Yang Wen , Ji‐Shi Awei , Ma Yunhe , Zhao Wenxue , Chen Youjun , Zhou Qingping , Qu Guangpeng , Zhao Jingxue , Wu Gao‐Lin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDesertification in alpine grasslands is exacerbated by rapid climate change and intensive anthropogenic activity, which will substantially threaten the structure and function of alpine grassland ecosystems. Artificial reseeding was a widely used strategy for the restoration of alpine sandy grasslands. However, it is still unclear whether reseeding restoration can improve multiple ecosystem functions of sandy meadows. To narrow these knowledge gaps, we evaluated the changes in plant communities, soil conditions, and ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) across native meadow, sandy meadow, and restored meadow on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, and further identified the links between individual and multiple ecosystem functions. Artificial reseeding had contributed to the promotion of plant diversity, productivity, soil fertility, and soil carbon and nitrogen sequestrations. However, the recovery levels of plant diversity, productivity, and soil fertility in the restored meadow were still far lower than that in the native meadow. The results revealed that the EMF index of the restored meadow increased greatly compared with the sandy meadow, but it did not recover to that of the native meadow level. In addition, short‐term reseeding improved the aboveground EMF index more than the belowground EMF index. The EMF indexes and most individual ecosystem functions showed positive correlations with plant diversity and productivity. These findings indicated an important role of artificial reseeding in the restoration of ecosystem functions in the alpine sandy meadow, and it had critical implications for the regional ecological security and sustainable development of alpine grasslands.
UHRF1 plays an oncogenic role in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hou Jia , Li Wenyuan , Zhang Shirong , Tan Deli , Lv Kejia , Zhu Yue , Hou Yuzhu , Guo Hui , Jiang Lili 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a malignant tumor characterized by aggressiveness and dismal prognosis. The specific role of ubiquitin‐like PHD and RING finger domain (UHRF1), a frequently overexpressed cancer‐promoting gene in various tumors, is poorly understood in SCLC. Herein, we explored the potential carcinogenic role of UHRF1 in SCLC. First, public databases were used to analyze the expression of UHRF1 in SCLC, and tissue specimens in our center were examined to confirm the results while clinical outcomes were collected to analyze its relationship with UHRF1. Then, UHRF1 knockdown and overexpression cell lines were established to evaluate the carcinogenic function of UHRF1 in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of the biological consequences was determined by co‐inmunoprecipitation. Moreover, we also analyzed the influence of UHRF1 on cisplatin (DDP) sensitivity of SCLC. The expression of UHRF1 was significantly higher in SCLC tissues than in normal tissues, and high levels of UHRF1 suggested a poor prognosis for SCLC. Mechanistically, UHRF1 promoted SCLC growth through yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1). Specifically, UHRF1 bound to YAP1 and inhibited YAP1 ubiquitin degradation, thus stabilizing the YAP1 protein in SCLC cells. UHRF1 downregulation enhanced DDP sensitivity in SCLC cells and was correlated with a favorable prognosis in patients with SCLC treated with platinum‐based chemotherapy. UHRF1 plays an oncogenic role in SCLC by modulating YAP1. Therefore, UHRF1 could be used as a biomarker to predict the prognosis of SCLC patients and serve as a potential therapeutic target for SCLC patients.
Compound heterozygous splicing variants in KIAA0586 cause fetal short‐rib thoracic dysplasia and cerebellar malformation: Use of exome sequencing in prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Zhao Qianying , Xu Bocheng , Xiang Qinqin , Tan Yu , Xie Hanbing , Gao Qianqian , Wen Lingyi , Wang He , Yang Mei , Liu Shanling 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundShort‐rib thoracic dysplasia (SRTD) and Joubert syndrome (JS) are rare genetic ciliopathies, and individuals with either syndrome can manifest cerebellar malformation and variable developmental delays. However, neither of these conditions is easily diagnosed during pregnancy due to a limited fetal phenotype. Here, we investigated a fetus that was initially observed to have short limbs and polydactyly and discovered a compound heterozygous pathogenesis through exome sequencing (ES).MethodsSimultaneous trio‐ES and chromosome microarray analysis was provided for the fetus. The presence and effects of these variants on splicing were further validated at the DNA and RNA levels.ResultsOnly short limbs and post‐axial polydactyly of the fetus were detected during the second trimester. Two variants (c.3940+1G>A and c.3303G>A), affecting splicing of KIAA0586, were identified from amniocytes through ES and validated by Sanger sequencing. More intensive fetal monitoring was applied, and the fetus was also found to have deformed cerebellar malformation and a constricted thoracic cage.ConclusionsHerein, we report the genetic pathogenesis of SRTD and/or JS associated with KIAA0586 in a fetus. The novel splicing variants observed expand the spectrum of KIAA0586 in SRTD and/or JS. Based on the genetic data and the distinct corresponding phenotypes discovered by imaging examination, a comprehensive diagnosis was made during pregnancy and more valuable prognostic information was provided for the parents.
Protocatechuic Acid Delays Postovulatory Oocyte Ageing in Mouse
Authors: Li Li‐Jun , Chao Shuo , Zhao Shu‐Xian , Lu Jun , Zhang Xiao‐Yuan , Zhao Yong , Zhao Ming‐Hui , Huang Gui‐An , Yin Shen , Sun Qing‐Yuan , Zhao Lei , Ge Zhao‐Jia 
Published: December 2022

ScopeTea is a popular beverage worldwide and has many health functions. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is an important bioactive component of tea and has benefit to health. In some cases, oocytes after ovulation may miss the optimal fertilization time and enter a postovulatory ageing process. Therefore, to investigate the role of PCA in delaying oocyte ageing is aimed.Methods and resultsMetaphase II (MII) oocytes aged in vitro are randomly divided into three groups: control, aged, and aged + PCA. PCA treatment (30 µM) reduces the fragmentation rate and the incidence of abnormal spindle morphology and chromosome misalignment of oocytes aged 24 h in vitro. The mitochondrial dysfunction of aged oocytes, such as decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen (ROS), is also alleviated by PCA. PCA also delays apoptosis of aged oocytes, and improves the sperm binding capacity. Otherwise, aged oocytes treated with PCA have a higher fertilization rate and blastocyst rate compared with untreated aged oocytes in vitro.ConclusionPCA is an important bioactive ingredient of tea that improves aged oocyte quality, suggesting that PCA is available to improve the quality of aged oocytes in vitro.
Consistent transmitting boundaries for time‐domain analyses of wave propagation in layered anisotropic waveguides
Authors: Lee Jin Ho 
Published: December 2022

AbstractConsistent transmitting boundaries for time‐domain analyses of scalar‐ and elastic‐wave propagation in horizontally layered anisotropic or transversely isotropic waveguides are developed. Governing equations and corresponding consistent nodal forces are derived for scalar and elastic waves in layered waveguides for which finite‐element discretization is considered in the vertical layering direction. Auxiliary variables for the horizontal derivatives and integrals of displacements are introduced to modify the governing equations and the nodal forces. The desired consistent transmitting boundaries applicable to time‐domain analyses of scalar‐ and elastic‐wave propagation in isotropic and anisotropic waveguides are then derived. The transmitting boundary for a scalar wave satisfies the criteria for an accurate and well‐posed boundary condition and shows convergent, accurate, and stable behaviors for a variety of scalar‐wave propagation problems in waveguides. Although the boundary for an elastic wave is demonstrated as convergent and stable for elastic‐wave propagation problems in waveguides, limited accuracy is observed in the numerical examples. Nevertheless, the newly proposed approach is expected to provide another way to solve elastic‐wave propagation problems.
Gastrointestinal hormones and appetite ratings after weight loss induced by diet or bariatric surgery
Authors: Aukan Marthe Isaksen , Skårvold Silje , Brandsæter Ingrid Øfsti , Rehfeld Jens Frederik , Holst Jens Juul , Nymo Siren , Coutinho Silvia , Martins Catia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare changes in gastrointestinal hormones and appetite ratings after a similar weight loss induced by a very low‐energy diet alone or in combination with sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB).MethodsPatients with severe obesity scheduled for SG (n = 15) and RYGB (n = 14) and 15 controls (very low‐energy diet alone) were recruited. Body weight/composition, plasma concentrations of ß‐hydroxybutyric acid, acylated ghrelin, total glucagon‐like peptide‐1, total peptide YY, cholecystokinin, and ratings of hunger, fullness, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption were measured pre‐ and postprandially, before and after 10 weeks of intervention.ResultsChanges in body weight/composition and level of ketosis were similar across groups. In SG and RYGB, basal and postprandial acylated ghrelin declined, and postprandial glucagon‐like peptide‐1 increased, both significantly more compared with controls. Postprandial peptide YY increased in all groups. Overall, postprandial hunger decreased, and postprandial fullness increased. But ratings of desire to eat and prospective food consumption were more favorable after both surgeries compared with controls.ConclusionsWeight loss with SG and RYGB leads to more favorable changes in gastrointestinal hormones compared with diet alone, although ratings of appetite were reduced across all groups.
UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE IN SURVEY AND ADMINISTRATIVE DATA
Authors: Larrimore Jeff , Mortenson Jacob , Splinter David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUnemployment Insurance (UI) benefits were a central part of the social safety net during the COVID‐19 recession. UI benefits, however, are severely understated in surveys. Using administrative tax data, we find that over half of UI benefits were missed in major survey data, with a greater understatement among low‐income workers. As a result, 2020 official poverty rates were overstated by about 2 percentage points, and corrected poverty reached a six‐decade low. We provide data to correct underreporting in surveys and show that, compared to UI benefits, the UI exclusion tax expenditure was less targeted at low incomes.
Using CRL3BPM E3 ligase substrate recognition sites as tools to impact plant development and stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Al‐Saharin Raed , Mooney Sutton , Dissmeyer Nico , Hellmann Hanjo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCullin‐based RING E3 ligases that use BTB/POZ‐MATH (BPM) proteins as substrate receptors have been established over the last decade as critical regulators in plant development and abiotic stress tolerance. As such they affect general aspects of shoot and root development, flowering time, embryo development, and different abiotic stress responses, such as heat, drought and salt stress. To generate tools that can help to understand the role of CRL3BPM E3 ligases in plants, we developed a novel system using two conserved protein‐binding motifs from BPM substrates to transiently block CRL3BPM activity. The work investigates in vitro and in planta this novel approach, and shows that it can affect stress tolerance in plants as well as developmental aspects. It thereby can serve as a new tool for studying this E3 ligase in plants.
Antibiotic prophylaxis in cirrhosis patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wong Yu Jun , Tan Chin Kimg , Yii Yuen Lin , Wong Yoko , Tam Yew Chong , Chan Edwin , Abraldes Juan G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveEmerging evidence suggest that antibiotic prophylaxis may be omitted in early cirrhosis patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), which question the benefits of antibiotic prophylaxis on rebleeding, mortality related to ongoing bleeding, and the need for salvage therapy. As the management of UGIB has improved over time since the last review a decade ago, we performed an updated meta‐analysis to review the benefits of antibiotic prophylaxis in cirrhosis patients with UGIB.MethodSix electronic databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and ClinicalTrial.gov were systematically searched up to December 1, 2021. The primary outcome was 6 weeks mortality. Secondary outcomes include the risk of infection, rebleeding at 7 days and 6 weeks, mortality related to ongoing bleeding, need for salvage therapy, and infection‐related mortality.ResultEighteen studies (12 randomized controlled trials [RCT], 6 non‐RCT) from 3180 subjects were identified among 2129 citations. Antibiotic prophylaxis reduces mortality at 6 weeks, risk of infection, and infection‐related mortality (pooled relative risk: 0.72, 0.39, and 0.41, respectively). Although antibiotics reduce the risk of rebleeding and the amount of blood transfusion, they did not reduce the risk of mortality from ongoing bleeding nor the need for salvage therapy. Antibiotic prophylaxis may shorten the length of stay in the intensive care unit.ConclusionAntibiotic prophylaxis reduces rebleeding, 6‐week mortality, and infection‐related mortality. Due to the low risk of infection and death, dedicated studies are warranted to evaluate the benefit of antibiotic prophylaxis in early cirrhosis with UGIB.
Phase 1 study of safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing monoclonal antibody ABBV‐47D11 in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Shebley Mohamad , Wang Stanley , Ali Izna , Krishnan Preethi , Tripathi Rakesh , Reardon Joseph M. , Cafardi John , Rahav Galia , Caraco Yoseph , Slim Jihad , Al Akhrass Fadi , Yu Mengjia , Hu Yiran , Ferreira Rosa De Abreu , Alami Negar N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractABBV‐47D11 is a neutralizing monoclonal antibody that targets a mutationally conserved hydrophobic pocket distal to the ACE2 binding site of SARS‐CoV‐2. This first‐in‐human safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral pharmacodynamic assessment in patients with COVID‐19 provide an initial evaluation of this antibody that may allow further development. This multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, and placebo‐controlled single ascending dose study of ABBV‐47D11 (180, 600, or 2400 mg) as an intravenous infusion, was in hospitalized and non‐hospitalized (confined) adults with mild to moderate COVID‐19. Primary outcomes were grade 3 or higher study drug‐related adverse events and infusion‐related reactions. Secondary outcomes were pharmacokinetic parameters and concentration‐time profiles to Day 29, immunogenicity (anti‐drug antibodies), and antiviral activity (change in RT‐PCR viral load) from baseline to Days 15 and 29. ABBV‐47D11 single doses up to 2400 mg were safe and tolerated and no safety signals were identified. The pharmacokinetics of ABBV‐47D11 were linear and showed dose‐proportional increases in serum concentrations with ascending doses. The exploratory anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 activity revealed a reduction of viral load at and above the 600 mg dose of ABBV‐47D11 regardless of patient demographics and baseline characteristics, however; because of the high inter‐individual variability and small sample size a statistical significance was not reached. There is potential for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 activity with ABBV‐47D11 doses of 600 mg or higher, which could be evaluated in future clinical trials designed and powered to assess viral load reductions and clinical benefit.
Paraneoplastic Pemphigus: Diagnostic Mimics, Confounders and Management Challenges in a Series of Five Long-Term Survivors from a Single Centre
Authors: Emerson Jonathan S. , Schifter Mark , Dai Pei , Jiang Jocelyn , Taylor Mark S. , Kang Michelle , Kwong Kenelm , Clark Hadleigh , Cullican Suzanne , Campbell David , Lin Ming-Wei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We present a series of five cases who presented to our institution with treatment-refractory mucosal ulceration, all of whom were subsequently diagnosed with paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP). This case series highlights the diagnostic and treatment considerations for PNP – in particular, the steroid-dependent, recalcitrant, polymorphic manifestations; the combination of histopathological and clinical findings that may overlap with clinically similar diseases, for example, pemphigus vulgaris and lichen planus; the importance of immunopathological findings for its diagnosis, and the need for surveillance and management of life-threatening bronchiolitis obliterans.
3D Nanolithography by Means of Lipid Ink Spreading Inhibition
Authors: Berganza Eider , Boltynjuk Evgeniy , Mathew George , Vallejo Fabio Fernando , Gröger Roland , Scherer Torsten , Sekula‐Neuner Sylwia , Hirtz Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhile patterning 2D metallic nanostructures are well established through different techniques, 3D printing still constitutes a major bottleneck on the way to device miniaturization. In this work a fluid phase phospholipid ink is used as a building block for structuring with dip‐pen nanolithography. Following a bioinspired approach that relies on ink‐spreading inhibition, two processes are presented to build 2D and 3D metallic structures. Serum albumin, a widely used protein with an innate capability to bind to lipids, is the key in both processes. Covering the sample surface with it prior to lipid writing, anchors lipids on the substrate, which ultimately allows the creation of highly stable 3D lipid‐based scaffolds to build metallic structures.
Single‐Site Metal–Organic Framework and Copper Foil Tandem Catalyst for Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4
Authors: Yan Tingting , Wang Peng , Sun Wei‐Yin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTandem catalysis is a promising way to break the limitation of linear scaling relationship for enhancing efficiency, and the desired tandem catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) are urgent to be developed. Here, a tandem electrocatalyst created by combining Cu foil (CF) with a single‐site Cu(II) metal–organic framework (MOF), named as Cu–MOF–CF, to realize improved electrochemical CO2RR performance, is reported. The Cu–MOF–CF shows suppression of CH4, great increase in C2H4 selectivity (48.6%), and partial current density of C2H4 at −1.11 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. The outstanding performance of Cu–MOF–CF for CO2RR results from the improved microenvironment of the Cu active sites that inhibits CH4 production, more CO intermediate produced by single‐site Cu–MOF in situ for CF, and the enlarged active surface area by porous Cu–MOF. This work provides a strategy to combine MOFs with copper‐based electrocatalysts to establish high‐efficiency electrocatalytic CO2RR.
Salt‐Assisted Low‐Temperature Growth of 2D Bi2O2Se with Controlled Thickness for Electronics
Authors: Khan Usman , Nairan Adeela , Khan Karim , Li Sean , Liu Bilu , Gao Junkuo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBi2O2Se is the most promising 2D material due to its semiconducting feature and high mobility, making it propitious channel material for high‐performance electronics that demands highly crystalline Bi2O2Se at low‐growth temperature. Here, a low‐temperature salt‐assisted chemical vapor deposition approach for growing single‐domain Bi2O2Se on a millimeter scale with thicknesses of multilayer to monolayer is presented. Because of the advantage of thickness‐dependent growth, systematical scrutiny of layer‐dependent Raman spectroscopy of Bi2O2Se from monolayer to bulk is investigated, revealing a redshift of the A1g mode at 162.4 cm−1. Moreover, the long‐term environmental stability of ≈2.4 nm thick Bi2O2Se is confirmed after exposing the sample for 1.5 years to air. The backgated field effect transistor (FET) based on a few‐layered Bi2O2Se flake represents decent carrier mobility (≈287 cm2 V−1s−1) and an ON/OFF ratio of up to 107. This report indicates a technique to grow large‐domain thickness controlled Bi2O2Se single crystals for electronics.