bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolasi Dan Identifikasi Kafein Dari Daun Teh Hijau, Teh Hitam Dan Teh Olong Menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV Vis
Authors: Rahmah Siti , Setiawan Agus , Yusuf Anna L 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Teh merupakan salah salah satu minuman yang paling banyak dikonsumsi di dunia yang dibuat dari tanaman teh (Camellia sinensis L.) yang diambil bagian daun dan pucuknya. terdapat empat jenis teh utama yaitu teh hijau, teh hitam, teh oolng dan teh putih. Keempat jenis teh tersebut dibedakan berdasakan proses fermentasinya. Tanaman teh memiliki banyak manfaat diantaranya sebagai antikanker, antioksidan, antimikroba, antibakteri. Tanaman teh mempunyai kandungan salah satunya yaitu kafein. Meskipun kafein aman dikonsumsi, namun dapat menimbulkan reaksi yang tidak dikehendaki jika dikonsumsi secara berlebihan seperti insomnia, gelisah, delirium, takikardia, ektrasistole, pernapasan meningkat, tremor otot dan diuresis.
Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui kandungan kafein dari teh hijau, teh hitam dan teh oolong.
Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah menyiapkan sampel dengan proses refluks menggunakan aquades lalu di panaskan, kemudian dilakukan isolasi kafein untuk mendapatkan kristal kafein, setelah itu ditimbang kadar % (b/b) dari kafein. Selanjutnya di identifikasi menggunakan spektrofotometer uv-vis. Analisis data dilakukan secara statistik dengan Anova One Way.
Hasil: Hasil yang diperoleh dari proses ekstrakasi dan isolasi kafein dari daun teh hijau, teh hitam dan teh oolong, dengan melakukan reflikasi sebanyak tiga kali dan didapatkan hasil teh hijau sebesar 110 mg (0,055 %), 130 mg (0,065 %), 120 mg (0,060 %). Teh hitam sebesar 150 mg (0,075 %), 140 mg (0,070 %), 160 mg (0,080 %). Teh oolong sebesar 220 mg (0,110 %), 230 mg (0,115 %), 240 mg (0,120 %). Dari ketiga jenis teh kandungan kafein paling tinggi yaitu teh oolong sebanyak 240 mg (0,120 %), dan yang terendah ada pada teh hijau yaitu sebesar 110 mg (0,055 %).
Kesimpulan: Dari data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kandungan kafein pada masing-masing jenis teh berbeda yaitu pada teh hijau, teh hitam dan teh oolong.
DETERRENCE AND SMART SANCTIONS: THE RUSSO-UKRAINIAN QUESTION
Authors: IHARAGBON CHUKWUYEM 
Published: February 2023

The article examined Deterrence and smart sanctions in relation to the Russo-Ukrainian question. It adopted the qualitative methodology and applied the Deterrence theoretical framework as a basis for analysis. The study observed that existing literature concluded that deterrence by smart sanctions has been ineffective to the extent that only 30 percent of sanctions actually achieved their goal. We contend that most of those studies were not based on Russia, as such, they could not specifically discuss why current sanctions against Russia have not dissuaded Russia from invading Ukraine or coerced her to retrace her steps on such efforts. Furthermore, the study is going to present a more compelling argument on the constraints that militate against the effectiveness of ongoing measures to deter Russia such as national interest, the existence of sympathetic entities, lack of willpower to exploit the vulnerability of the target state and alternative options for the target state; and recommends that well-coordinated multilateral smart sanctions that address the above lacuna will deliver a better result.
Innovación educativa como estrategia del SNTSA 37 para favorecer la cultura organizacional en el Sistema de Salud de Guanajuato
Authors: Cano Martínez José Martín , Blancarte Fuentes Enrique , Ramírez Chávez María Inés , Tolentino Ferrel María del Rosario , Herrera Paredes José Manuel 
Published: February 2023

El coronavirus, genero severas exigencias al sector salud para salvaguardar la vida del ser humano. posicionándolo en las agendas políticas y sociales buscando un sistema sanitario que garanticen la prevención, detección y seguimiento para favorecer un estado de saludable y de bienestar, siendo esto un sinónimo de progreso de los países. Para qué una organización funcione y responda a las
necesidades del entorno, la cultura organizacional es fundamental, ya que a través de ella se cultiva en los integrantes de la organización; creencias, hábitos y costumbres que se forman por medio de la convivencia laboral impactando en la productividad. Ante este panorama el Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Secretaría de Salud Sección 37 Guanajuato, México (SNTSA 37) efectúa permanentemente procesos de capacitación continúa apoyados por Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC)proporcionando así habilidades, competencias y capacidades de manera holística a los profesionales sanitarios públicos. El objetivo de la presente investigación es realizar un análisis retrospectivo del periodo anual 2019 al 2021 de las capacitaciones realizadas en SNTSA 37. La metodología fue exploratoria, descriptiva y cuantitativa, para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el software SPSS versión 22. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran un incremento un 72% del personal capacitado, resalta que un 34% de las capacitaciones se ofertaron al público en general. En conclusión, SNTSA 37 le apuesta a la innovación y capacitación continua como base de la cultura organizacional, cumpliéndolas exigencias del entorno al ser una institución socialmente responsable convirtiéndose en un referente a nivel nacional e internacional.
Non-embolic outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease and atrial fibrillation treated with rivaroxaban
Authors: Marín Francisco , Fernández Marcelo Sanmartín , Barón-Esquivias Gonzalo , Barrios Vivencio , Lekuona Iñaki , Pérez-Cabeza Alejandro I , Masjuan Jaime , del Vigo Esther Recalde , Vázquez Rodríguez José Manuel , Freixa-Pamias Roman , Schilling Vanessa Roldán , Arribas Fernando , Priu Carles Rafols , Sánchez Manuel Anguita 
Published: February 2023

Aim:
It is not well known how comorbidities may change the prognosis of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. This study was aimed to analyze the impact of cardiovascular disease on this population.
Materials & methods:
EMIR was a multicenter, prospective study, including 1433 AF patients taking rivaroxaban for ≥6 months. Data were analyzed according to the presence of vascular disease.
Results:
Coronary artery disease was detected in 16.4%, peripheral artery disease/aortic plaque in 6.7%, vascular disease in 28.3%. Patients with coronary artery disease had higher rates (per 100 patient-years) of major adverse cardiovascular events (2.98 vs 0.71; p < 0.001) and cardiovascular death (1.79 vs 0.41; p = 0.004). Those with vascular disease had higher rates of thromboembolic events (1.47 vs 0.44; p = 0.007), major adverse cardiovascular events (2.03 vs 0.70; p = 0.004), and cardiovascular death (1.24 vs 0.39; p = 0.025). Patients with peripheral artery disease/aortic plaque had similar rates.
Conclusion:
AF patients with vascular disease have a higher risk of non-embolic outcomes.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL VELOCITY STRUCTURE OF THE CRUST IN CENTRAL LAKE BAIKAL FROM LOCAL SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Eponeshnikova L. Yu. , Duchkov A. A. , Sanzhieva D. P.-D. , Yaskevich S. V. 
Published: February 2023

This work deals with the importance of studying seismicity and deep structure of the Earth’s crust in the region of the Baikal rift zone. The study presents a three-dimensional velocity structure of the Earth’s crust in the central part of Lake Baikal, obtained from the results of tomographic inversion of the travel times of P- and S-waves from more than 800 seismic events. Synthetic tests provide substantiation for the resolution of the tomographic inversion algorithm. The seismic structure of the crust was obtained to a depth of 35 km and has a direct relationship with the geological structure. The three-dimensional distributions of seismic P- and S-wave velocity anomalies are in good agreement with each other.The sharp contrast between the anomalies may indicate a difference in the material composition of the basement of the Central Baikal basin. At a 15-km depth below the Selenga River delta, there is observed a strong low-velocity anomaly which confirms the presence of a thick sedimentary cover therein. In the basement (at depths of 20 km or greater), to the northeast of the intersection between the Delta fault and the Fofanov fault, there occurs a high-velocity anomaly elongated towards the Olkhon Island. This anomaly is probably related to a rigid block in the earth’s crust. The same depths, on the western side of the Baikal-Buguldeika fault, show a reduced Vp/Vs ratio: 1.56–1.65 versus 1.70–1.75 in the adjacent areas. This indicates another type of basement rock composition and the presence of consolidated matter there.Besides, there has been made a more accurate hypocenter determination for further comparison between seismic events and active fault structures. For the central part of Lake Baikal, the distribution of seismicity mainly corresponds to depths of 10–22 km. The situation is different below the Selenga Delta – the only area where seismicity is observed at depths greater than 22 km, – which can be attributed to complex fault interactions.The velocity anomalies discussed herein are confined to reliably identified active faults and correlate well with the distribution of seismicity and gas hydrate structures.
Use and waste management of restorative materials in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Callanan Aileen , Lynch Christopher D. , Harding Mairead , Burke Francis M. , Hayes Martina 
Published: February 2023

##Aim This study aimed to investigate the use and waste management of dental amalgam and mercury-free alternatives by general dental practitioners in Ireland. ##Methods A cross-sectional survey-based study was adopted. A 53-question survey was piloted and distributed to dentists working in general dentistry in Ireland. Participants were recruited from the Dental Council of Ireland Dental Register. ##Results A total of 285 dentists (12%) responded to the survey. The study found that resin composite was the most commonly placed restorative material by respondents (69%), followed by dental amalgam (20%). Compliance with waste management of dental amalgam was high, with 93% of respondents reporting having a waste management policy concerning the disposal of waste amalgam and 87% compliance with the fitting of amalgam separators. ##Conclusions The study found that dentists in Ireland are compliant with the Minamata Convention on Mercury, and identified training and remuneration as two of the main barriers to implementing a total phase-out of dental amalgam.
Evaluation Of The Use Of Cyclophosphamide In Children Diagnosed With Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome Treated In The 3rd Floor Treatment At Fatmawati Hospital
Authors: Sinukaban Satriani , Setiadi Darmawan Bobby 
Published: February 2023

A total of 32 children with nephrotic syndrome were treated with cyclophosphamide, the remissions and side effects that often occurred during therapy were counted. This research was conducted using a retrospective descriptive method. The results showed that the remission was 59.4%. The mean duration of the call to remission was 14 weeks and the mean dose of cyclophosphamide was 589 mg. As many as 59.4% of patients experienced no side effects, while 40.6% experienced side effects. Side effects that occurred included vomiting (3.1%); nausea (3.1%); hair loss (6.3%); nausea and vomiting (12.5%); vomiting and hair loss (6.3%); nausea and hair loss (6.3%); and nausea, vomiting, and hair loss (3.1%).
Keywords: Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome, Cyclophosphamide
Evaluasi Penggunaan Obat Kemoterapi Pada Pasien Kanker Payudara Di RSUP Fatmawati Periode Februari 2021
Authors: Haryani Setianti 
Published: February 2023

Kanker Payudara adalah keganasan yang berasal dari sel kelenjar, saluran kelenjar dan jaringan penunjang payudara tidak termasuk kulit payudara (PerMenKes, 2018). Pengobatan kanker payudara dapat menggunakan obat kemoterapi tunggal maupun kombinasi dari beberapa obat kemoterapi. Obat kemoterapi diberikan secara bertahap, umumnya sebanyak 6 – 8 siklus agar efek kuratif tercapai dan efek samping yang diterima pasien dapat dikurangi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan obat kemoterapi pada pasien kanker payudara di RSUP Fatmawati periode Februari 2021. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian non eksperimental dengan rancangan deskriptif evaluatif yang bersifat retrospektif dari rekam medis pasien dan dianalisa secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif observation yaitu dengan mengumpulkan data-data rekam medis pasien kanker payudara, penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling dan didapat 34 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Penelitian menunjukkan hasil bahwa usia pasien kanker payudara terbanyak yang menjalankan kemoterapi di RSUP Fatmawati pada Februari 2021 adalah pasien dengan rentang usia 46-55 tahun sebanyak 18 pasien (52.94%), jenis regimen obat kemoterapi terbanyak yang digunakan adalah regimen CAF (Cyclophosphamide + Doxorubicin + 5 FU) sebanyak 8 pasien (23.53%), terapi dengan regimen CAF diberikan mulai usia pasien pada rentang dewasa akhir (36-45 tahun) sampai melewati lansia akhir (>65 tahun), terapi obat dengan regimen CAF sebagai standar lini pertama (first line) paling banyak digunakan dengan dosis sesuai Pedoman Nasional Pelayanan Kedokteran Tata Laksana Kanker Payudara dan deviasi antara 1-13%, regimen lainnya kombinasi Carboplatin dan Paclitaxel sebanyak 5 pasien (14,71%) dengan dosis dan deviasi berkisar antara 0-79% lebih rendah dari literatur.
Kata kunci: Kanker Payudara, Kemoterapi, Regimen Obat Kemoterapi, CAF, CEF
Football as a means of integral development of intellectual abilities and physical fitness of middle school students
Authors: Pavlović Ratko , Siryi Oleksandr 
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the study is to scientifically substantiate the positive influence of football on the physical and intellectual development of athletes.
Material and methods. When conducting experimental research, a student questionnaire was first conducted to identify the success of studies and the specific interests of students who play football, play other sports, and students who do not play sports at all. 82 fifth-grade students of schools No. 38, 49 took part in the survey. The formative experiment was conducted on the basis of Kindergarten No. 38, in the fifth grades. It was found that the largest percentage of the total number of students are those engaged in other sports (58.5%). A large number are students who do not play any sports (34.10% of the total number of students). The smallest percentage was found among students who play football (7.3% of the total number of students).
Results. It has been established that among the students who play football, there are absolutely no students who study at the first level of competence (in the final grades there are grades of 1-3 points on a 12-point scale), 33.3% are those whose academic success is level 2 competence (among the final grades there are grades of 4-6 points), and the largest percentage are students studying at the third level of competence (66.7%) (among the final grades there are no grades below 7 points). Among the students who are engaged in other sports, there are also absolutely no students who study at the first level of competence. Among students who do not play sports, the largest number of those who study are dissatisfied and satisfied. This shows that playing sports, both football and other sports, provide conditions for improving academic performance
Conclusions. The obtained data indicate that the practice of sectional work on football provides conditions for the combined physical, intellectual and artistic development of children, about the possibility of a comprehensive all-round influence on the process of child development through the use of effective means of comprehensive development of children.
El papel del Tercer Sector: El voluntariado y las ONGS en las aulas hospitalarias en España
Authors: ASENSIO-RAMÓN PATRICIA 
Published: February 2023

La Pedagogía Hospitalaria, sus aulas, y el personal voluntario que desarrolla sus acciones en los hospitales españoles está avanzando progresivamente, pero no tan rápido como debiera. El objetivo de este artículo ha sido presentar, de una manera muy sintética, la disciplina que envuelve el entorno educativo-sanitario donde vive el escolar enfermo; las aulas hospitalarias. A su vez, se ha realizado un análisis comparativo entre dichas fundaciones, se ha pretendido comprobar si su objetivo es similar en todas las organizaciones objeto de estudio, o por el contrario, si existen discrepancias entre ellas. Finalmente, hemos querido constatar la importancia de dicho sector en el estado anímico de la persona enferma.

La metodología que se ha empleado se ha basado en un estudio cualitativo de las cinco Fundaciones objeto de estudio. Las convergencias y divergencias obtenidas nos han llevado a plantear conclusiones comparativas con unos argumentos y propuestas concluyentes de mejora.
Políticas Educativas en la Región Nordeste de Brasil en tiempos de Pandemia: ¿oportunidad para Edu-business?
Authors: Leandro da Silva Luciana , Moreira Hypolito Álvaro , Nascimento Rodrigues Alan 
Published: February 2023

El estudio busca comprender cómo políticas similares se han difundido y extendido a diferentes partes del mundo con la pandemia, siguiendo la lógica del Movimiento Global para la Reforma Educativa (GERM), un proceso que se expande en Brasil con fuertes acentos neoliberales y empresariales, articulados con intereses neoconservadores. Para ello, analizamos comparativamente las políticas educativas adoptadas en los nueve estados de la región Nordeste de Brasil en el contexto de la pandemia de Covid-19, buscando comprender los procesos de movilidad/transferencia de políticas, así como las influencias del sector privado sobre las decisiones que toman las instituciones y redes públicas. A través de la etnografía de redes, se mapeó las acciones de las Secretarías de Estado de Educación y sus principales “socios”. Se constató el papel del sector privado en la conducción de las políticas adoptadas por los estados, ofreciendo acciones de formación de directivos y docentes, la intensificación del control y seguimiento del trabajo docente, así como la preocupación por la reorganización curricular a través de la adecuación de los contenidos a las evaluaciones a la Base Nacional del Currículo Común. Así, el llamado edu-business ve en la pandemia una oportunidad para ampliar su influencia en la educación pública, por lo que la “nueva normalidad” tiende a reafirmar los viejos parámetros del mercado, al mismo tiempo que hay un crecimiento acelerado de las desigualdades.
Population biology of Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Dinh Quang Minh , Nguyen Ton Huu Duc , Truong Ngon Trong , Nguyen Tien Thi Kieu 
Published: February 2023

Ellochelon vaigiensis is widely distributed and plays a vital role in the fisheries in the Mekong Delta (MD), but data on its population biological traits have not been known. Consequently, this study was conducted to provide data on its population biology used for fishing status assessment and fish resources management. Fish specimens were collected using trawl nets in two regions of the Hau River mouth, including northern in Ben Tre and Tra Vinh (BTTV) and southern in Soc Trang and Bac Lieu (STBL). Fish population biological parameters were estimated using FiSAT II software based on the fish length-frequency data. The male and female length-frequency data in each ecoregion were pooled together. Data analysis of 1,383 individual fish showed the sex ratio of the species was 1.00:1.30 at BTTV (309 females and 402 males) and 1.00:1.25 STBL (299 females and 373 males). Most fish specimens were caught at 12–22 cm total length (914 individuals), accounting for 66.09% of the fish collection. The difference in salinity between these two regions could affect the population biological parameters of E. vaigiensis. There were five cohorts (e.g., five growth curves) in the BTTV and STBL. The von Bertalanffy curves of fish populations at BTTV and STBL were L = 33.6 (1 −e−0.46(t + 0.34)) L = 31.5 (1 −e−0.56(t + 0.29)), respectively. The growth index (Φ′) of this species at STBL (2.74) was higher than that at BTTV (2.72), whereas its longevity at BTTV (6.52 yrs) was higher than at STBL (5.36 yrs). The biomass and relative yield parameters, including E0.1, E0.5 and Emax were 0.358, 0.265 and 0.436 at BTTV; and 0.418, 0.293, and 0.513 at STBL, respectively. The fishing (F), natural (M), and total (Z) mortalities were 0.35/yr, 1.06/yr, and 1.41/yr at BTTV; and 0.55/yr, 1.24/yr, and 1.78/yr at STBL, respectively. The BTTV and STBL population was not overexploited because the exploitation rate (EBTTV = 0.25, ESTBL = 0.31) was lower than E0.1 (0.358 in BTTV and 0.418 in STBL).
Factors Influencing Knee Flexion Range of Movement after Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty : Study of a Consecutive Series over Ten Years
Authors: Atemkeng Tsatedem Faustin , Saidou Mohamadou Arabo , Jean Gustave Tsiagadigui , Maurice Douryang , C. Alain Djam , Marc Leroy Guifo , Handy Eone , Ibrahima Farikou , Pierre Watcho 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Knee flexion after total arthroplasty is not always satisfactory. Our hypothesis: many factors can influence it. Some of these factors have been studied, but with controversial results.
Methodology: It was a monocentric prospective and comparative study. All primary total knee replacement were included. For each factor, we compared a group of patients with above mean flexion to those with smaller flexion, using comparison of means, regression analysis and the chi square test.
Results: We had 110 arthroplasties from 88 patients. Three preoperative factors affected the outcome: pre-operative knee flexion < 110°, flexum deformity > 5° and a body mass index above 30kg/m2. The respective Pearson coefficient value for these three factors were +0.50, +0.05, and -0.13.The chi square values were respectively 12.019 (p<0.001) and 6.091 (p<0.02) for the first two ones. Mean postoperative flexion values were significantly low for the patients with high body mass index (p<0.03) and for those with knee flexion < 110° (p<0,001).
Conclusion: Such studies should be carried out in other settings to prepare later meta-analysis. The effect of early physiotherapy in knee arthritis treatment in preventing knee stiffness at the time of total knee replacement should be evaluated.