bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projecting Future Energy Production from Operating Wind Farms in North America. Part II: Statistical Downscaling
Authors: Coburn Jacob , Pryor Sara C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Capacity factors (CFs) derived from daily expected power at 22 operating wind farms in different regions of North America are used as predictands to train statistical downscaling algorithms using output from ERA5. The statistical downscaling models are then used to make CF projections for a suite of CMIP6 Earth System Models (ESMs). Downscaling is performed using a hybrid statistical approach that employs synoptic types derived using k-means clustering applied to sea level pressure fields with variance corrections applied as a function of the pressure gradient intensity. ESMs exhibit marked variability in terms of the skill with which the frequency of synoptic types and pressure gradients are reproduced relative to ERA5, and that differential skill is used to infer differential credibility in the associated CF projections. Projections of median annual mean CF [P50(CF)] in each 20-yr period from 1980 to 2099 show evidence of declines at most wind farms except in parts of the southern Great Plains, although the magnitude of the changes is strongly dependent on the ESM. For example, P50(CF) in 2080–99 deviate from those in 1980–99 by from −3.1 to +0.2 percentage points in the Northeast. The largest-magnitude declines in P50(CF) ranging from −3.9 to −2 percentage points are projected for the southern West Coast. CF trends exhibit marked seasonality and are strongly linked to changes in the relative intensity of future synoptic patterns, with much less impact from shifts in the occurrence of synoptic types over time. Internal climate modes continue to play a significant role in inducing interannual variability in wind power production, even under high radiative forcing scenarios.

Significance Statement
We describe how future climate changes may affect wind resources and wind power generation. Near-term changes in projected wind power electricity generation potential at operating wind farms over North America are small, but by the end of the current century electricity production is projected to decrease in many areas but may increase in parts of the southern Great Plains. The amount of change in projected wind power production is a strong function of the Earth system model that is downscaled and also depends on the continued presence of internally forced climate variability. An additional dependence on the amount of greenhouse gas–induced global warming indicates the transition of the energy sector to low-carbon sources may assist in maintaining the abundant U.S. wind resource.
Ex-Ante Evaluation of India’s Trade Alliance with Indo-Pacific Region: A General Equilibrium Analysis
Authors: Srivastava Archana , Mathur Somesh Kumar , De Prabir 
Published: January 2023

The study attempts to analyse the economy-wide impact of Indo-Pacific alliance between India and rest of the 45 participating members using computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. We introduce four simulation scenarios in the general equilibrium model. The first scenario is the one in which India bilaterally liberalises trade in terms of both tariffs liberalisation alone and then removal of tariffs and reduction of non-tariff barriers together with all the countries of Indo-Pacific region. The second scenario is when India bilaterally liberalises trade with all the Asian countries of the Indo-Pacific region. The third scenario is when India bilaterally liberalises trade with all the countries of the Indo-Pacific region but excludes China from the region because of the current geopolitical reasons. The fourth scenario is the one when free trade is considered among all the countries in the Indo-Pacific region. The Indo-Pacific alliance seems to go beyond strategic alliance with the 46 Indo-Pacific participating countries, wherein the members gain due to potential movement of capital and welfare and economic gains because of tariff and non-tariff liberalisation among the member countries. The article suggests the road map for maximum welfare gains for India, keeping strategic and economic engagements with other member countries and sub-regions. JEL Code: F15
Missed Antimicrobial Stewardship Opportunities for Hospitalized Patients with Urinary Tract Infections Receiving Ceftriaxone
Authors: Wells Drew A. , Cleveland Kerry O. , Jacobs Anna , Patterson Shanise , Mason Darius 
Published: January 2023

Background: Ceftriaxone is a commonly utilized antibiotic for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTI) despite the limited literature supporting its use. Opportunities for antimicrobial stewardship (ASP), including IV-to-PO conversions and de-escalation of therapy, are often missed in the hospital setting. Objective: The study reported here describes the utilization of ceftriaxone in patients admitted to the hospital and treated for UTIs in a large health system, focusing on opportunities for IV-to-PO conversion of antibiotic therapy. Methods: This was a multi-center, retrospective, descriptive study conducted in a large health system. Patients admitted from January 2019 to July 2019 were included for analysis if they were 18 years or older at admission, diagnosed with acute cystitis, acute pyelonephritis, or unspecified UTI, and received two or more doses of ceftriaxone. The primary outcome was to evaluate the percentage of patients who were eligible for conversion from IV ceftriaxone to oral antibiotics while admitted to the hospital based on the defined criteria for automatic pharmacist conversion in the health system. Percentage of urine cultures with susceptibility to cefazolin, the duration of antibiotic therapy in the hospital, and an evaluation of oral antibiotics prescribed at discharge were also recorded. Results: A total of 300 patients were included; 88% met the pre-specified criteria for IV-to-PO conversion, but only 12% were converted from IV-to-PO antibiotics during hospitalization. Approximately 65% of patients remained on IV ceftriaxone until discharge, at which time they were converted to a PO antibiotic, most commonly fluoroquinolones followed by third-generation cephalosporins. Conclusion: Patients admitted to the hospital and receiving treatment with ceftriaxone for UTI were infrequently converted to oral therapy prior to discharge despite meeting criteria for automatic pharmacist IV-to-PO conversion. Findings highlight opportunities to contribute to antimicrobial stewardship initiatives across the health system and the importance of tracking and reporting results to frontline providers.
Factors Associated With Poor Health Outcomes Among Vietnamese Americans After Hurricane Harvey, Houston, Texas, 2018-2019
Authors: Pham NhuNgoc K. , Do Mai , Diep Jannette 
Published: January 2023

Objective: Immigrants typically experience poor health outcomes after disasters but are often excluded in disaster studies. We assessed physical and mental health outcomes among Houston-area Vietnamese American residents after Hurricane Harvey and hurricane-related characteristics associated with poor health outcomes. Methods: We conducted in-person structured surveys among 120 Vietnamese Americans from November 2018 through February 2019. We used the physical and mental component scores of the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey to assess health outcomes. We used descriptive statistics for health outcomes and hurricane-related effects and examined the associations between hurricane-related characteristics and health outcomes. Results: Overall mean (95% CI) physical and mental component scores were 39.8 (29.7-49.9) and 32.6 (27.6-37.6), respectively. The odds of poor physical health poststorm were significantly higher among participants reporting ≥5 versus <5 depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 3.04; 95% CI, 1.11-8.29; P = .03) and significantly lower among participants with versus without health insurance (OR = 0.25; 95% CI, 0.09-0.71; P = .01). The odds of experiencing poor mental health more than a year after the hurricane were significantly higher among those sustaining versus not sustaining a serious injury/illness because of the hurricane (OR = 3.34; 95% CI, 1.12-9.94; P = .03) and among those who were married/partnered versus not married/partnered (OR = 4.16; 95% CI, 1.32-13.07; P = .02). Receiving versus not receiving free health care services after the hurricane and having high versus low levels of acculturation protected against poor mental health ( P < .05 for both). Conclusions: Our findings highlight the inequalities of postdisaster health outcomes in this immigrant population and emphasize the need for improved disaster recovery programs that account for these factors.
Who is Indigenous in Africa? The Concept of Indigeneity, its Impacts, and Progression
Authors: Werner Karolina 
Published: January 2023

The notion of indigeneity has risen to political prominence as Indigenous peoples have fought for recognition of their rights. When the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples was passed in 2007, it represented a transformative moment, despite its flaws. The meaning of the term Indigenous has been transformed by these international events and identifying as Indigenous is increasingly seen as positive. However, Indigenous peoples in certain regions of the world, specifically Africa and Asia, were late to the conversation. As a result, how the term Indigenous is understood and utilised in these regions remains a work in progress. This article explores the progression and impact of the term in Africa specifically, highlighting its unique effects, importance, and the ongoing struggles of Indigenous peoples on the continent. Qui est autochtone en Afrique ? Le concept d’autochtonie, ses impacts et sa progression
Evaluation of Dexmedetomidine as an Adjunct to Phenobarbital for Alcohol Withdrawal in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Ware Lydia R , Schuler Brian R , Goodberlet Melanie Z , Marino Kaylee K , Lupi Kenneth E , DeGrado Jeremy R 
Published: January 2023

Introduction Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is commonly used with benzodiazepines for the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), but limited data exist regarding its use with phenobarbital (PHB). This analysis evaluated the utility of DEX in addition to PHB for AWS in adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods This was a single-center, retrospective cohort analysis of critically ill adult patients who received PHB plus either DEX or different adjunctive therapies (NO-DEX) for AWS between 2018 and 2021. Patients were excluded if they had underlying altered mental status or seizure disorder unrelated to AWS or received PHB at outside hospitals. Coarsened exact matching (CEM) was performed to match patients on baseline characteristics in a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome was ICU length of stay (LOS). A multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to assess the effects of DEX on ICU LOS when accounting for confounders. Secondary outcomes included days with delirium and incidence of mechanical ventilation after PHB administration. Results Of the 606 encounters evaluated, 197 met criteria for inclusion. After CEM, 56 encounters remained in each group for analysis. The median ICU LOS was 97.2 [50.1:139.5] hours for the DEX group and 47.5 [28.8:88.1] hours for the NO-DEX group ( P = .002). The multivariate linear regression analysis showed the use of DEX ( P = .008) was independently associated with an increased ICU LOS by 49.8 h. The DEX group had higher rates of total delirium days (208 vs 143 days, P < .001) and a higher incidence of mechanical ventilation after PHB administration (32% vs 9%, P < .001). Conclusion This analysis suggests the use of adjunctive DEX with PHB for AWS was associated with a prolonged ICU LOS. Additional studies are needed to further understand the role of adjunctive DEX in the treatment of AWS in critically ill patients.
Parental anxiety/incompliance and patients’ complications during COVID-19 pandemic regarding nasoalveolar molding treatment of infants with cleft lip/palate
Authors: Sarmadi Sarvin , Shahroudi Atefe Saffar , Mohammadi Farnoush , Shamshiri Ahmad Reza , Safari Fatemeh 
Published: January 2023

Objectives The ideal time for nasoalveolar molding (NAM) of infants with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) is the first weeks after birth. The burden and responsibility that this method of treatment imposes on parents may result in incompliance. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the redirection of health resources can make the situation worse. Therefore, this study evaluated the anxiety, complications, and incompliance of parents undergoing NAM during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods Demographic data of 35 infants with CLP treated during the COVID-19 pandemic, compliance and level of anxiety of both parents in addition to their complications were reported. The association between different variables and incompliance was evaluated by simple and multiple logistic regressions. The level of significance was considered at P value less than 0.05. Results The highest level of parental anxiety related to the NAM process was the delay in ending the treatment. Meanwhile, the reason for the highest level of anxiety related to attending the treatment sessions was the probability of the infant's COVID-19 infection. Fathers expressed lower levels of anxiety than mothers, significantly. The most prevalent NAM complication was skin irritation. Parents of younger infants (≤28 days) and those with a history of COVID-19 infection were more compliant. Conclusions COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant increase in the level of anxiety in both parents, mainly due to the delay in treatment ending and the possibility of infant's infection. Moreover, considering the importance of treatment time, parents of younger infants were more compliant with the NAM process.
Caregiver burden in cat owners: a cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Spitznagel Mary Beth , Gober Margaret W , Patrick Karlee 
Published: January 2023

Objectives Caregiver burden has been found in owners of seriously ill pets; however, research to date has been heavily represented by dog owners. Prior caregiver burden work has neither intentionally focused on cat owners nor been appropriately powered to examine differences in owners of cats relative to owners of dogs. We expected that owners of an ill cat would exhibit greater caregiver burden than owners of a healthy cat but lower burden than owners of an ill dog. Methods A cross-sectional online assessment of caregiver burden was completed by 1085 pet owners through a pet demographic audience platform, including 333 owners reporting on a cat with current illness, 492 owners of a healthy cat and 260 owners of dogs with a current illness. Results Owners of an ill cat, examined across all illnesses represented, had greater burden ( P <0.001) than the owners of a healthy cat and somewhat lower burden ( P = 0.013) than owners of an ill dog. Conclusions and relevance Caregiver burden is present in owners of an ill cat and may differ from that of dog owners. Future work is needed to determine the reasons underlying this difference between species. Given that restricted sample sizes precluded examination across specific conditions, it will also be important to determine whether particular diseases yield greater burden in cat owners relative to dog owners.
Patient and technical contributors to periprosthetic fracture around the CPT stem
Authors: Khan Balaaj , McLauchlan George J 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The incidence of postoperative periprosthetic fracture has been reported to be higher in polished tapered femoral stems with the CPT stem possibly of greatest concern. We report on the patient and surgical factors in a consecutive cohort of 2892 CPT stems implanted as part of a total hip construct, either electively or for the treatment of a fractured neck of femur (NOF) over a 15-year period. Methods: The Bluespier departmental database was used to identify any patients who been treated for a Vancouver B periprosthetic fracture around a CPT stem from 2008 to 2021. Patient demographics, mechanism of injury and fracture type were recorded. X-rays were reviewed to identify technical issues that may have contributed to the fracture. Results: A total of 70 fractures were treated. For elective cases the fracture rate was 1.52% while for stems implanted for treatment of a neck of femur fracture (NOF) it was 2.86%. There was a male preponderance and almost all fractures were low energy. The majority (52.9%) were B1 fractures. Only 8 (11.4%) involved a truly loose construct (B2L). The presence of an undersized and varus stem increased the risk of fracture particularly in the NOF population. Discussion: The results in this series are consistent with the registry data regarding the rate of failure of the CPT stem related to periprosthetic fracture. The patient population is typical of those who sustain a proximal femoral fracture in terms of age although we report a male preponderance. The importance of surgical technique in the placement of a correctly sized and aligned stem, particularly in those patients undergoing hip replacement for a neck of femur fracture is highlighted.
30-day to 10-year mortality rates following total hip arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of the last decade (2011–2021)
Authors: Turan Oguz , Pan Xuankang , Kunze Kyle N , Rullan Pedro J , Emara Ahmed K , Molloy Robert M , Piuzzi Nicolas S 
Published: January 2023

Background: Mortality after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a rare but devastating complication. This meta-analysis aimed to: (1) determine the mortality rates at 30 days, 90 days, 1 year, 5 years and 10 years after THA; (2) identify risk factors and causes of mortality after THA. Methods: Pubmed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, EBSCO Host, and Google Scholar databases were queried for studies reporting mortality rates after primary elective, unilateral THA. Inverse-proportion models were constructed to quantify the incidence of all-cause mortality at 30 days, 90 days, 1 year, 5 years and 10 years after THA. Random-effects multiple regression was performed to investigate the potential effect modifiers of age (at time of THA), body mass index, and gender. Results: A total of 53 studies (3,297,363 patients) were included. The overall mortality rate was 3.9%. The 30-day mortality was 0.49% (95% CI; 0.23–0.84). Mortality at 90 days was 0.47% (95% CI, 0.38–0.57). Mortality increased exponentially between 90 days and 5 years, with a 1-year mortality rate of 1.90% (95% CI, 1.22–2.73) and a 5-year mortality rate of 9.85% (95% CI, 5.53–15.22). At 10-year follow-up, the mortality rate was 16.43% (95% CI, 1.17–22.48). Increasing comorbidity indices, socioeconomic disadvantage, age, anaemia, and smoking were found to be risk factors for mortality. The most commonly reported causes of death were ischaemic heart disease, malignancy, and pulmonary disease. Conclusions: All-cause mortality remains low after contemporary THA. However, 1 out of 10 patients and 1 out of 6 patients were deceased after 5 years and 10 years of THA, respectively. As expected, age, but not BMI or gender, was significantly associated with mortality.
Bedside visualisation tool for prediction of deviation from intended dosage in multi-infusion therapy
Authors: Gevers Robin JF , Konings Maurits K , van den Hoogen Agnes , Timmerman Annemoon MDE 
Published: January 2023

Background: In multi-infusion therapy, multiple infusion pumps are connected to one single vascular access point. Interaction between pressure changes from different pumps may result in temporary dosing errors, which can be very harmful to the patient. It is known that these dosing errors occur. However, clinicians tend to find it hard to estimate the order of magnitude of these errors. Methods: This research uses an existing mathematical model to create a bedside prediction tool that is able to provide clinicians with the dosing errors that will occur after flow rate changes in multi-infusion therapy. A panel of clinicians, consisting of both nurses and doctors, was formed, and, in order to assess the level of knowledge about dosing errors in multi-infusion, the panel was presented with four medication schedules in which a syringe exchange or change in flow rate took place. The panel was asked to predict the resulting dosing errors. Results: A prediction tool was developed that describes a two pump multi-infusion system and predicts dosing errors resulting from changing the flow rate at one pump. 44% of the panel members wrongly predicted the impact of changing the set flow of liquid A on the flow of liquid B that reaches the patient. Nobody was able to correctly predict the dosing deviation if a very small catheter was used. After the prediction tool was shown, the clinicians indicated they had a improved understanding of what deviations to expect and that the tool would be useful in understanding multi-infusion dosing errors. Conclusions: Using the predictive tool to visualise the deviations from the set flow rate is an effective method to allow clinicians to gain insight in dosing errors in multi-infusion therapy. This knowledge can be used to better anticipate future dosing errors in clinical situations.
A Systematic Review on the Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Neurophysiological, Molecular, and Behavioral Measures in Chronic Stroke
Authors: Sivaramakrishnan Anjali , Subramanian Sandeep K. 
Published: January 2023

Background A single bout of aerobic exercise (AE) can produce changes in neurophysiological and behavioral measures in healthy individuals and those with stroke. However, the effects of AE-priming effects on neuroplasticity markers and behavioral measures are unclear. Objectives This systematic review aimed to examine the effects of AE on neuroplasticity measures, such as corticomotor excitability (CME), molecular markers, cortical activation, motor learning, and performance in stroke. Methods A literature search was performed in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases. Randomized and non-randomized studies incorporating acute AE in stroke were selected. Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias and methodological rigor of the studies and extracted data on participant characteristics, exercise interventions, and neuroplasticity related outcomes. The quality of transcranial magnetic stimulation reported methods was assessed using a standardized checklist. Results A total of 16 studies were found suitable for inclusion. Our findings suggest mixed evidence for the effects of AE on CME, limited to no effects on intracortical inhibition and facilitation and some evidence for modulating brain derived neurotrophic factor levels, motor learning, and cortical activation. Exercise intensities in the moderate to vigorous range showed a trend towards better effects on neuroplasticity measures. Conclusion It appears that choosing a moderate to vigorous exercise paradigm for at least 20 to 30 minutes may induce changes in some neuroplasticity parameters in stroke. However, these findings necessitate prudent consideration as the studies were diverse and had moderate methodological quality. There is a need for a consensus on an exercise priming paradigm and for good-quality, larger controlled studies.