bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial transfer and biofilm formation in needleless connectors in a clinically simulated in vitro catheter model
Authors: Ryder Marcia , deLancey-Pulcini Elinor , Parker Albert E. , James Garth A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjective:Although needleless connectors (NCs) are widely used in clinical practice, they carry significant risk of bloodstream infection (BSI). In this study, we quantified differences in bacterial transfer and biofilm formation between various NCs.Design:Prospective, clinically simulated in vitro experimental study.Methods:We tested 20 NCs in a 5-day clinical simulation of Staphylococcus aureus inoculations onto NC septum surfaces, which were then flushed with saline and cultured for bacterial transfer. Biofilm formation was measured through destructive sampling of the connector-catheter system. Moreover, 8 NC design factors were evaluated for their influence on bacterial transfer and biofilm formation. This study was designed without a disinfection protocol to ascertain the intrinsic risk of each NC.Results:Clave Neutron and MicroClave had the lowest overall mean log density of bacteria in the flush compared to other NCs (P < .05), except there were no statistically significant differences between Clave Neutron, Microclave, SafeTouch, and SafeAccess (P ≥ .05). The amount of biofilm in the NC was positively associated with bacteria in the flush (P < .0005). Among 8 design factors, flow path was most important, with the internal cannula associated with a statistically significant 1 log reduction (LR) in bacteria in the flush (R2 = 49%) and 0.5–2 LR in the connector (R2 = 34%). All factors together best explained bacteria in the flush (R2 = 65%) and biofilm in the connector (R2 = 48%).Conclusions:Bacterial transfer and biofilm formation in the connector-catheter system varied statistically significantly between the 20 NCs, suggesting that NC choice can lower the risk of developing catheter-related BSIs.
Discontinuation of admission screening for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the impact on in-hospital clusters of COVID-19: Experience at a tertiary-care center
Authors: Honda Hitoshi , Nakagawa Masataka , Nisida Rie , Shintani Chiyo , Hamagishi Manami , Uehara Yuki , Iwata Mitsunaga , Doi Yohei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe evaluated the impact of discontinuing universal preadmission screening for severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the occurrence of nosocomial clusters of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the SARS-CoV-2 o (omicron) variant period. No increasing trend in nosocomial clusters was observed during community-based surges before and after discontinuation. This finding supports the safety of the practice change.
Self-normalized Cramér moderate deviations for a supercritical Galton–Watson process
Authors: Fan Xiequan , Shao Qi-Man 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLet
$(Z_n)_{n\geq0}$
be a supercritical Galton–Watson process. Consider the Lotka–Nagaev estimator for the offspring mean. In this paper we establish self-normalized Cramér-type moderate deviations and Berry–Esseen bounds for the Lotka–Nagaev estimator. The results are believed to be optimal or near-optimal.
Limiting shape for first-passage percolation models on random geometric graphs
Authors: Coletti Cristian F. , de Lima Lucas R. , Hinsen Alexander , Jahnel Benedikt , Valesin Daniel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLet a random geometric graph be defined in the supercritical regime for the existence of a unique infinite connected component in Euclidean space. Consider the first-passage percolation model with independent and identically distributed random variables on the random infinite connected component. We provide sufficient conditions for the existence of the asymptotic shape, and we show that the shape is a Euclidean ball. We give some examples exhibiting the result for Bernoulli percolation and the Richardson model. In the latter case we further show that it converges weakly to a nonstandard branching process in the joint limit of large intensities and slow passage times.
KATĚTOV ORDER ON MAD FAMILIES
Authors: GUZMÁN OSVALDO 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe continue with the study of the Katětov order on MAD families. We prove that Katětov maximal MAD families exist under
$\mathfrak {b=c}$
and that there are no Katětov-top MAD families assuming
$\mathfrak {s\leq b}.$
This improves previously known results from the literature. We also answer a problem form Arciga, Hrušák, and Martínez regarding Katětov maximal MAD families.
Poblamiento litoral de los archipiélagos patagónicos septentrionales: Cronología y estratigrafía de Puente Quilo-1, Isla Grande de Chiloé, Chile
Authors: Sierralta Navarro Simón , Delgado Orellana Ayelén , Rebolledo Canales Sandra , Cortés Rodríguez Constanza , Carrión Méndez Hugo , Hernández Castillo Daniel , González Rojas Rolando , Dávila Contreras Cristian , Inostroza Rojas Helga , Roa Solís Constanza 
Published: April 2023

ResumenLos modos de vida marítimos que caracterizaron a los archipiélagos occidentales de Patagonia comenzaron su desarrollo a mediados del Holoceno medio. El registro arqueológico sugiere posibles orígenes tanto en el extremo sur como en el extremo norte del territorio insular. La propuesta de un núcleo ecotonal septentrional de maritización se fundamentó en el hallazgo de sitios con tempranas ocupaciones de especialización litoral, entre los que destacó el conchal de Puente Quilo-1. Este artículo presenta resultados de nuevas excavaciones realizadas con el objeto de precisar su cronología, historia ocupacional y relevancia en la comprensión del proceso de maritización y colonización de los archipiélagos. A través de su integración con investigaciones previas en el sitio, los nuevos datos muestran una secuencia de reocupación estrechamente ligada a cambios en el paisaje producto de la variación en los niveles marinos, y caracterizan un campamento con diversidad funcional y diferenciación de áreas de actividad, inserto en un contexto de expansión regional de grupos cazadores-recolectores marinos. Los atributos culturales y su cronología permiten robustecer la hipótesis de un núcleo de maritización en el norte de la franja archipelágica.
Conservation tillage and microbially mediated integrated phosphorus management enhance productivity, profitability and energy use efficiency of maize
Authors: Kumar Amit , Behera U. K. , Dhar Shiva , Shukla Livleen , Singh Raghavendra , Babu Subhash , Sharma V. K. , Upadhyay P. K. , Bairwa Rakesh Kumar , Gupta Gaurendra , Kumar Adarsh , Singh Satyapriya , Bhandari Narendra , Qureshi Abdul Aziz , Gudade B. A. , Verma Gaurav , Kumar Ranjeet , Kumar Avneesh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSustainability of maize production systems is threatened by poor economic returns and resource intensiveness. Therefore, an experiment was conducted at the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during 2016–17 to 2017–18 to assess the effect of tillage and microbial inoculantsintegrated phosphorus (P) management on productivity, quality, economic outcome and energy dynamics of maize. Three tillage practices viz., CT–R (conventional tillage with no residue), ZT–R (zero tillage with no residue) and ZT + R (zero tillage with wheat crop residue at 2.5 Mg/ha) were assigned in main plots and five P management practices viz., P1 (control–NK as per recommendation, but no P), P2 (17.2 kg P/ha), P3 (17.2 kg P/ha + PSB), P4 (17.2 kg P/ha + compost inoculants) and P5 (34.4 kg P/ha) were allocated in subplots in three times replicated split-plot design. The maximum grain yield (5.96 Mg/ha), protein content (9.13%), protein yield (546 kg/ha) and gross energy returns (209 × 103MJ/ha) were recorded under ZT + R while higher benefit: cost ratio (B: C ratio – the amount of economic gain per unit investment) (1.53) and energy efficiency (12.5) was noticed under ZT–R. Among the P management practices, the application of 34.4 kg P/ha recorded the highest grain yield (6.45 Mg/ha), protein content (9.34%), protein yield (603 kg/ha), B: C ratio (1.65) and energy efficiency (10.1). The results suggested that the application of P at the rate of 34.4 kg/ha under ZT + R is an economically robust approach for the quality maize production in semi-arid region.
Functioning, symptom expression and risk along the psychosis continuum
Authors: Butter Sarah , Shevlin Mark , McBride Orla , Bentall Richard P. , Hyland Philip , Leavey Gerard , Murphy Jamie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe psychosis continuum implies that subclinical psychotic experiences (PEs) can be differentiated from clinically relevant expressions since they are not accompanied by a ‘need for care’.MethodsUsing data from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC; N = 34 653), the current study examined variation in functioning, symptomology and aetiological risk across the psychosis phenotype [i.e. variation from (i) no PEs, ‘No PEs’ to (ii) non-distressing PEs, ‘PE-Experienced Only’ to (iii) distressing PEs, ‘PE-Impaired’ to (iv) clinically defined psychotic disorder, ‘Diagnosed’].ResultsA graded trend was present such that, compared to those with no PEs, the Diagnosed group had the poorest functioning, followed by the PE-Impaired then PE-Experienced Only groups. In relation to symptom expression, the PE-Impaired group were more likely than the PE-Experienced Only and the Diagnosed groups to endorse most PEs. Predictors of group membership tended to vary quantitatively rather than qualitatively. Trauma, current mental health diagnoses (anxiety and depression) and drug use variables differentiated between all levels of the continuum, with the exception of the extreme end (PE-Impaired v. Diagnosed). Only a few variables distinguished groups at the upper end of the continuum: female sex, older age, unemployment, parental mental health hospitalisation and lower likelihood of having experienced physical assault.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the importance of continuum-based interpretations of the psychosis phenotype and afford valuable opportunities to consider if and how impairment, symptom expression and risk change along the continuum.
The Beautiful Public Danube: Water Uses, Water Rights, and the Habsburg Imperial State in the Mid-nineteenth Century
Authors: Gruffat Corentin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article analyzes an 1869 law from Cisleithania that defined all running waters as public goods. Economic and political actors debated the issue of water rights over several decades in the mid-nineteenth century, as is shown in contemporary publications, proceedings of assemblies, and administrative archives. The legal solution that was ultimately adopted established the management of water rights and uses according to a particular form of property which was intentionally preferred over a system of private appropriation. Looking in detail at what “public good” meant for the actors, this article argues that settling the legal status of rivers served to both consolidate the imperial state's power over society and to make water resources available to a productivist economic system. The new relationships to the environment that emerged during this time were inseparable from contemporary political and economic developments, and legislating was one way to bind these aspects together. Moreover, the case of water rights in the Habsburg Empire adds nuance to binary oppositions between private property and commons that dominate the study of property regimes and environment today. It invites us to consider how the establishment of a productivist economic system rested on a combination of different forms of property and strong state intervention.
Positive lower density for prime divisors of generic linear recurrences
Authors: JÄRVINIEMI OLLI 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLet
$d \ge 3$
be an integer and let
$P \in \mathbb{Z}[x]$
be a polynomial of degree d whose Galois group is
$S_d$
. Let
$(a_n)$
be a non-degenerate linearly recursive sequence of integers which has P as its characteristic polynomial. We prove, under the generalised Riemann hypothesis, that the lower density of the set of primes which divide at least one non-zero element of the sequence
$(a_n)$
is positive.
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and determinants for salivary seropositivity among pupils and school staff: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Merckx Joanna , Callies Milena , Kabouche Ines , Desombere Isabelle , Duysburgh Els , Roelants Mathieu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Representative school data on SARS-CoV-2 past-infection are scarce, and differences between pupils and staff remain ambiguous. We performed a nation-wide prospective seroprevalence study among pupils and staff over time and in relation to determinants of infection using Poisson regression and generalised estimating equations. A cluster random sample was selected with allocation by region and sociodemographic (SES) background. Surveys and saliva samples were collected in December 2020, March, and June 2021, and also in October and December 2021 for primary pupils. We recruited 885 primary and 569 secondary pupils and 799 staff in 84 schools. Cumulative seroprevalence (95% CI) among primary pupils increased from 11.0% (7.6; 15.9) at baseline to 60.4% (53.4; 68.3) in December 2021. Group estimates were similar at baseline; however, in June they were significantly higher among primary staff (38.9% (32.5; 46.4)) compared to pupils and secondary staff (24.2% (20.3; 28.8)). Infections were asymptomatic in 48–56% of pupils and 28% of staff. Seropositivity was associated with individual SES in pupils, and with school level, school SES and language network in staff in June. Associations with behavioural characteristics were inconsistent. Seroconversion rates increased two- to four-fold after self-reported high-risk contacts, especially with adults. Seroprevalence studies using non-invasive sampling can inform public health management.
Seasonal shifts in microbial diversity in the lakes of Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Maritime Antarctica
Authors: Bertoglio Florencia , Piccini Claudia , Urrutia Roberto , Antoniades Dermot 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFildes Peninsula, on King George Island, has been greatly influenced by recent rapid climate warming. Lakes are pervasive features of Fildes Peninsula landscapes, some of which are used as water sources for Antarctic stations. We studied seven Fildes Peninsula lakes to explore differences among lakes and between seasons in phytoplankton and bacterioplankton communities. We measured environmental variables, analysed pigments using high-performance liquid chromatography and examined bacterial DNA through high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The main driver structuring microbial communities was the season (i.e. spring vs autumn). Chlorophyceae were the dominant phytoplankton group in all lakes and both seasons. Indicator bacteria for each season were identified, including Flavobacterium, Polaromonas and Oxalobacteraceae as indicators of spring conditions under thick ice, whereas Frankiales and Verrucomicrobia were indicator species of autumn following the ice-free summer. The indicator species for spring are generally observed in oligotrophic conditions, whereas many of the autumn indicators are commonly found in soils. There were lesser between-lake differences in microbial communities in autumn, at the end of the open-water period, than in spring at the end of the ice-covered period. This study will act as the basis for future assessments of changes in aquatic microbial communities.
Landscape effects on the conservation of rear-edge populations of forest passerines (Passeriformes): current patterns and prospects
Authors: Hernández-Lambraño Ricardo Enrique , Tellería José Luis 
Published: April 2023

Summary
Landscape changes affect species abundance and drive biodiversity loss. Here we explored if habitat amount and patch aggregation shape the abundance of forest passerines within the south-western Palaearctic (Morocco). As forests in this region are affected by increasing drought and temperature, we also forecasted their trends according to current predictions of climate change and explored how landscape changes could affect bird distribution. We recorded geo-referenced occurrences of seven forest passerines that were modelled with a set of environmental variables with Maxent to predict their distribution. The occurrence probabilities provided by the models were used as surrogates for the current distribution of habitat amount and patch aggregation within the country. In addition, 190 500-m line transects scattered within the country were used to estimate local bird abundance. Results showed that bird abundance recorded in line transects was positively correlated with habitat amount and patch aggregation of landscape around transects. This supports the idea that changes in these landscape metrics affect the abundance of the study species. Climate-change projections suggest that habitat amount and patch aggregation will decline in southern sectors but will be maintained or will increase at higher elevations. Given their relationship to abundance, these landscape changes suggest that forest birds will have to shift to the northernmost and elevated sectors. These results showed that landscape management can play an important role in the conservation of rear-edge populations of forest birds and suggest that any increase in forest amount and connectivity will improve bird resilience under a global change scenario.
Disaster Medicine Education for Israeli Medical Response Teams to the Ukrainian Refugee Crisis
Authors: Ohana Sarna Cahan Lea , Meirson Gila , Kolitz Tamara , Alpert Evan Avraham , Naame Ahmed , Tavor Oren , Hashavya Saar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroduction:Disaster Medicine (DM) requires skills, knowledge, and prior experience that are rarely put to test by health care providers. Pediatric DM presents unique challenges in terms of both knowledge and practice.Methods:An anonymous survey consisting of demographic and five-point Likert scale questions was administered to physicians, nurses, and other medical personnel from Israel’s major medical emergency teams who were deployed to respond to the refugee crisis in Ukraine. This included teams from the Hadassah and Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Centers and the Israel Ministry of Health.Results:Of the 171 members of the medical teams deployed on the Ukraine border, a total of 105 responses were obtained (61.4%) from 61 physicians, 50 nurses, and 12 other health care providers. The teams were composed of pediatricians (31.6%), internal medicine physicians (21.6%), Emergency Medicine and intensive care physicians (18.0%), and 31.0% other specialties.For 60% of the participants, this was their first deployment, and 78% had received no training in DM. Members rated the need for DM training at 4/5 (IQR 3-5). Forty-nine (49) members (46.6%) were not briefed on situational awareness and 97 members (89.5%) were not trained in the recognition of acute stress reactions. The responders also rated their concerns about providing medical aid to children at 2/5 (IQR 1-3). A medical clown was part of the teams 42.8% of the time; the presence of clowns was rated at a median of 4/5 (IQR 4-5). The team members underscored the need for more targeted training in DM at 5/5 (IQR 3-5).Conclusion:The findings highlight the need for the formulation of a disaster education model that includes pediatric DM.
Weight self-misperception and obesity-related knowledge, attitudes, lifestyle behaviours and cardio-metabolic markers among Chinese school-aged children and adolescents
Authors: Liu Jieyu , Ma Qi , Wang Xinxin , Chen Manman , Ma Tao , Cui Mengjie , Jiang Jun , Li Yanhui , Gao Di , Ma Ying , Yuan Wen , Chen Li , Zhang Yi , Guo Tongjun , Ma Jun , Dong Yanhui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjective:The relationships between childhood weight self-misperception and obesity-related factors particularly health markers have not been extensively discussed. This study aims to examine the associations between weight self-misperception and obesity-related knowledge, attitudes, lifestyles and cardio-metabolic markers among Chinese paediatric population.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Data sourced from a national survey in Chinese seven provinces in 2013.Participants:Children and adolescents aged 5–19 years.Results:Of the total 14 079 participants, there were 14·5 % and 2·2 % participants over-estimated and under-perceived their weight, respectively. Multi-variable logistic regression was applied to calculate OR and 95 % CI (95 % Cl) of obesity-related behaviours and cardio-metabolic markers by actual and perceived weight status. Individuals who perceived themselves as overweight/obese were more likely to have prolonged screen time, insufficient dairy intake and over sugar-sweetened beverages consumption (allP< 0·05), regardless of their weight. Furthermore, actual overweight/obese individuals had higher odds of abnormal cardio-metabolic markers, but a smaller magnitude of association was found among weight under-estimators. Among non-overweight/obese individuals, weight over-estimation was positively associated with abdominal obesity (OR: 10·49, 95 % CI: 7·45, 14·76), elevated blood pressure (OR: 1·30, 95 % CI: 1·12, 1·51) and dyslipidemia (OR: 1·43, 95 % CI: 1·29, 1·58).Conclusions:Weight over-perception was more prevalent than under-estimation, particularly in girls. Weight over-estimators tended to master better knowledge but behave more unhealthily; both weight over-perception and actual overweight/obesity status were associated with poorer cardio-metabolic markers. Future obesity intervention programmes should additionally pay attention to the population with inaccurate estimation of weight who were easily overlooked.
Consumption of highly processed foods in relation to overall diet quality among Japanese adults: a nationwide study
Authors: Shinozaki Nana , Murakami Kentaro , Asakura Keiko , Masayasu Shizuko , Sasaki Satoshi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjective:To (i) examine the consumption of highly processed foods (HPF) in relation to diet quality among Japanese adults and (ii) compare the results when dishes prepared away home are disaggregated into food ingredients before classification by processing levels and the results when they are not.Design:Cross-sectional analysis using 4-day dietary record data. Foods were categorised by level of processing using the framework developed by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Specifically, dishes prepared away from home were classified at both the food level (classified after disaggregation into ingredients) and dish level (classified without disaggregation). Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Nutrient-Rich Food Index 9·3.Setting:Twenty areas in Japan.Participants:Adults aged 20–69 years (n 388).Results:Energy contribution of HPF was higher when dishes prepared away from home were classified at dish level than food level (48·3 % v. 32·9 %, P < 0·0001). Regardless of the classification method, cereals and starchy foods were the top food groups contributing to total energy intake from HPF. After adjusting for potential confounders, participants in higher tertiles of the energy contribution of HPF had lower total scores for Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Nutrient-Rich Food Index 9·3 (P for trend ≤ 0·007 for all), irrespective of the food- or dish-level classification.Conclusions:HPF accounted for at least one-third of energy intake of Japanese adults. Regardless of the classification methods for dishes prepared away from home, higher consumption of HPF was associated with lower diet quality.