bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Firms' responses to environmental misconduct accusations under the condition of contested practice complexity: Evidence from the palm oil production industry
Authors: Comyns Breeda , Meschi Pierre‐Xavier , Norheim‐Hansen Anne 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPublic accusations of misconduct by environmental organizations exert reputational pressure on firms. The targeted firms are thus faced with the decision of responding accommodatively or defensively. Situational crisis communication theory (SCCT) holds that such accusations require an accommodative response to reduce the reputational threat. However, defensive response behavior is frequently observed, and insights from the sociocognitive perspective explain that corporate conceptualizations of the contested practice (and hence threat) shape targets' responses. We integrate and extend prior research by (1) explicating the need for attention to the condition of contested practice complexity and (2) theoretically developing and empirically testing (using a sample of palm oil producers accused of illegal deforestation by Greenpeace) the impact of targeted firms' engagement in environmental alliances and past environmental misconduct experience, two key manifestation variables of practice meaningfulness. Overall, in line with calls for a more comprehensive understanding, we provide new insights into the question of when and why targeted firms respond accommodatively or defensively to environmental organizations' demands that they change their practices.
The changing landscape of interventional cardiology: A survival guide in the era of health system consolidation
Authors: Cigarroa Joaquin E. , Rooney Curtis , Blankenship James , Duffy Peter L. , Goldsweig Andrew M. , Krishnan Sandeep , Lata Kusum , Tukaye Deepali , Box Lyndon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPractice environments for interventional cardiologists have evolved dramatically and now include small independent practices, large cardiology groups, multispecialty groups, and large integrated health systems. Increasingly, cardiologists are employed by hospitals or health systems. Data from MedAxiom and the American College of Cardiology (ACC) demonstrate an exponential increase in the percentage of cardiologists in employed positions from 10% in 2009 to 87% in 2020. This white paper explores these profound changes, considers their impact on interventional cardiologists, and offers guidance on how interventional cardiologists can best navigate this challenging environment. Finally, the paper offers a potential model to improve the employed physician experience through greater physician involvement in decision making, which may increase jobs satisfaction.
High temperature confocal scanning laser microscopy analysis of dead‐burned magnesia aggregates
Authors: Richards Tyler , Athavale Viraj , Smith Jeffrey , O'Malley Ronald 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDead‐burned magnesia is a commonly used material in the manufacturing of refractories for the steelmaking industry. Aggregates of dead‐burned magnesia contain secondary phases due to the impurities within the magnesite rock used in its production. While these phases can aid in sintering magnesia, they may have some impact on the high‐temperature performance of the refractory product. High‐temperature confocal scanning laser microscopy was utilized to observe the behavior of dead‐burned magnesia aggregates at elevated temperatures (up to 1550°C). Liquid formation was detected even at temperatures below 1350°C. In some cases, this liquid quickly exuded from the aggregate surface. This liquid phase was characterized through microscopy and chemical analysis to determine the impact of impurity content on the formation and behavior of this liquid phase, and conclusions are drawn on its detrimental impact on the material's refractoriness in a steelmaking environment.
Metallic and Dimensional Optimization of Metal–Organic Frameworks for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Xinyi , Zhang Xuguang , Xu Yifan , Wang Yige , Huang Yang , Ma Mengtao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) have been considered as one of the most promising energy storage systems owing to their high theoretical energy density and abundant sulfuric resources. However, their commercial application is limited by rapid capacity decline and low Coulombic efficiency. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) made of metallic nodes and organic ligands can suppress polysulfide shuttling and promote redox kinetics. In this paper, the effects of crystallographic dimensions and metallic categories on chemical performance of LSBs have been meticulously explored electrochemical performance. As a result, exposed Ni active sites in a lamellar Ni‐MOF was found to deliver a superior electrochemical performance. The as‐assembled LSBs with 2D‐Ni‐MOF/CNTs cathode deliver a much superior initial discharge capacity, (820 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C), and exhibit excellent cycling stability over 550 cycles than those analogues of 3D stereoscopic Ni‐MOF and 2D lamellar Co‐MOF. This work proposed a perspective in elevating LSBs performance through synergistic optimization of the MOFs dimensions and the metallic nuclei in the cathodes.
Enhancing Photovoltaic Performance of Ladder‐Type Heteroarene‐Based Electron Acceptors by Modulating Molecular Packing†
Authors: Tao Hongxin , Tang Changquan , Ma Yunlong , Zhang Shu‐Quan , Liao Ruochuan , Tu Qisheng , Zheng Qingdong 
Published: April 2023

Comprehensive SummaryThe development of novel building blocks with sp3‐hybridized‐carbon‐free conjugated skeletons is important to further advance and enrich nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), but this remains a challenge due to the lack of strategies to effectively modulate the aggregation behavior of resulting NFAs. Herein, two novel nitrogen‐bridged octacyclic ladder‐type heteroarenes end‐capped with thiophene rings (BTPS) or selenophene rings (BTPSe) are designed and synthesized as the donor cores for constructing NFAs (MQX‐2 and MQX‐4). It is found that replacing the sulfur atoms (MQX‐2) at the outer positions of the heteroarene core with selenium atoms (MQX‐4) can effectively modulate the molecular packing mode of the NFAs. The incorporation of selenium atoms induces stronger O···Se noncovalent interaction than O···S, thus promoting the formation of mixed H/J‐type aggregates in MQX‐4. Benefiting from more electron hopping channels, MQX‐4 exhibits higher electron transport (more than 1‐fold enhancement) and photovoltaic properties compared to MQX‐2, which forms only H‐type aggregates.
A New Conformationally Symmetrical Calix[4]pyrrole Based Supramolecular System for Liquid Crystalline and Window Layer Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Sharma Vinay S. , Sharma Anuj S. , Rathod Suryajit L. , Mali Hitendra A. , Suthar Deepak , Dhaka Mahendra S. , Shrivastav Pranav S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe newly symmetrical liquid crystalline compounds (CPB1–CPB4) based on calix[4]pyrrole as central rigid core are synthesized via esterification reaction. All the four functionalized compounds exhibit columnar hexagonal phase (Colh) over a higher mesophase temperature range and further stabilized mesophase upto room temperature. The thermal behavior and optical texture are identified by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Polarizing optical microscopy (POM) while the molecular organization of compound in mesogenic state by X‐ray diffraction technique. The molecular system based on calix[4]pyrrole core with symmetrical nature exhibited columnar type self‐assembly at room temperature. All these four supramolecules with different side spacer show higher thermal stability. Based upon the optimization, compound CPB2 has been further tested to implicate as optical window layer in thin films solar cell devices. The calix[4]pyrrole functionalized supramolecular liquid crystalline compound based thin films showed suitable transmittance, optical energy band gap together with absorbance and extinction coefficient. The linear dependence of current on the voltage demonstrated Ohmic behavior of the CPB2 films. The surface morphology to the developed samples designated nearly uniform deposition of the CPB2 thin films together with grain growth. The findings warrant suitability of the films to implicate these as an eco‐friendly optical window layer in thin films based solar cells.
Effectiveness of forest density reduction treatments for increasing drought resistance of ponderosa pine growth
Authors: Young Derek J. N. , Estes Becky L. , Gross Shana , Wuenschel Amarina , Restaino Christina , Meyer Marc D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs the climate changes, it is increasingly important to understand how forests will respond to drought and how forest management can influence those outcomes. In many forests that have become unnaturally dense, “restoration treatments,” which decrease stand density using fire and/or mechanical thinning, are generally associated with reduced mortality during drought. However, the effects of such treatments on tree growth during drought are less clear. Previous studies have yielded apparently contradictory results, which may stem from differences in underlying aridity or drought intensity across studies. To address this uncertainty, we studied the growth of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) in paired treated and untreated areas before and during the extreme California drought of 2012–2016. Our study spanned gradients in climate and tree size and found that density reduction treatments could completely ameliorate drought‐driven declines in growth under some contexts, specifically in more mesic areas and in medium‐sized trees (i.e., normal annual precipitation > ca. 1100 mm and tree diameter at breast height < ca. 65 cm). Treatments were much less effective in ameliorating drought‐associated growth declines in the most water‐limited sites and largest trees, consistent with underlying ecophysiology. In medium‐sized trees and wetter sites, growth of trees in untreated stands decreased by more than 15% during drought, while treatment‐associated increases in growth of 25% or more persisted during the drought. Trees that ultimately died due to drought showed greater growth reductions during drought relative to trees that survived. Our results suggest that density reduction treatments can increase tree resistance to water stress, and they highlight an important pathway for treatments to influence carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services beyond mitigating tree mortality.
Sorting states of environmental DNA: Effects of isolation method and water matrix on the recovery of membrane‐bound, dissolved, and adsorbed states of eDNA
Authors: Kirtane Anish , Kleyer Hannah , Deiner Kristy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) once shed can exist in numerous states with varying behaviors including degradation rates and transport potential. In this study, we consider three states of eDNA: (1) a membrane‐bound state referring to DNA enveloped in a cellular or organellar membrane, (2) a dissolved state defined as the extracellular DNA molecule in the environment without any interaction with other particles, and (3) an adsorbed state defined as extracellular DNA adsorbed to a particle surface in the environment. Capturing, isolating, and analyzing a target state of eDNA provides utility for better interpretation of eDNA degradation rates and transport potential. While methods for separating different states of DNA have been developed, they remain poorly evaluated due to the lack of state‐controlled experimentation. We evaluated the methods for separating states of eDNA from a single sample by spiking DNA from three different species to represent the three states of eDNA as state‐specific controls. We used chicken DNA to represent the dissolved state, cultured mouse cells for the membrane‐bound state, and salmon DNA adsorbed to clay particles as the adsorbed state. We performed the separation in three water matrices, two environmental and one synthetic, spiked with the three eDNA states. The membrane‐bound state was the only state that was isolated with minimal contamination from nontarget states. The membrane‐bound state also had the highest recovery (54.11 ± 19.24%), followed by the adsorbed state (5.08 ± 2.28%), and the dissolved state had the lowest total recovery (2.21 ± 2.36%). This study highlights the potential to sort the states of eDNA from a single sample and independently analyze them for more informed biodiversity assessments. However, further method development is needed to improve recovery and reduce cross‐contamination.
Perceived unequal and unfair workplaces trigger lower job satisfaction and lower workers’ dignity via organizational dehumanization and workers’ self‐objectification
Authors: Sainz Mario , Moreno‐Bella Eva , Torres‐Vega Laura C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite the increasing wage disparities and the unfair distribution of resources in many organizations, there have not been enough academic explorations into the role of these contextual variables on dehumanization processes and psychosocial risk factors among employees. This project addresses how perceptions of economic inequality and unfairness in the distribution of resources can influence individuals’ perceptions of dehumanization and self‐objectification, and trigger detrimental consequences in the workplace. Using two correlational surveys in different cultural contexts (N = 748), and two experimental studies (N = 662), this research consistently shows that both high inequality and high unfairness perceptions decrease job satisfaction and dignity at work through dehumanization processes. Specifically, both inequality and unfairness increase perceived organizational dehumanization, which in turn increases participants’ self‐objectification. Self‐objectification is associated with lower job satisfaction and dignity at work. This paper discusses the consequences of economic disparities on individuals’ recognition of their own humanity.
Fabricated design of hydrotalcite embedded lanthanum organic frameworks for defluoridation of water
Authors: Jeyaseelan Antonysamy , Viswanathan Natrayasamy , Govindasamy Mani , Alsaiari N. S. , Katubi K. M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe surplus fluoride in drinking water leads to diseases namely fluorosis (dental, skeletal, and non‐skeletal). Hence, to overcome these problems, in this study, hydrotalcite (HT) integrated La‐based metal‐organic frameworks (LaMOFs) namely HT‐LaMOFs was fabricated for fluoride removal. The fabricated HT‐LaMOFs material was well characterized by various characterization methods (x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDAX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential thermal analysis (DTA)) to find the structural properties and stability of HT‐LaMOFs. To find the fluoride adsorption nature, the batch studies were employed towards fluoride adsorption such as reaction time, co‐ions, HT‐LaMOFs dosage, pH, initial fluoride concentration, selectivity, pHzpc, and temperature studies. The contact time studies results reveals that the defluoridation capacity (DC) of HT‐LaMOFs was towards fluoride was found as 4451 mgF− kg−1 at 30 min than HT (1030 mgF− kg−1 at 50 min). The DC had little influences in the presence of HCO3− ion compared to other ions. Fluoride adsorption mechanism of HT‐LaMOFs was initiated to be electrostatic interaction, ion‐exchange and complexation. Fluoride adsorption onto HT‐LaMOFs was well matched and followed with Langmuir model. Thermodynamic investigations exposed that the adsorption of fluoride onto HT‐LaMOFs followed by spontaneous and endothermic nature. Kinetic studies of HT‐LaMOFs on fluoride capture followed with pseudo‐second‐order and intraparticle diffusion models. Defluoridation by HT‐LaMOFs was followed endothermic with spontaneous nature of adsorption system. The regeneration study results of HT‐LaMOFs revealed that the developed HT‐LaMOFs was regenerable up to six cycles. In addition, field study outcomes revealed that the developed HT‐LaMOFs diminished fluoride concentration under the acceptable limit as 1.5 mg/L.
Influences of confining pressure and injection rate on breakdown pressure and permeability in granite hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Zhang Wenchong , Xie Heping , Li Minghui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHot dry rock (HDR) geothermal resource is a renewable green energy source with great exploitation potential. The burial depth of HDR generally exceeds 2500 m and is typically under high in situ stress conditions, resulting in an ultralow permeability of the rock formations. To enhance the permeability of these formations, hydraulic fracturing is widely used as a reservoir stimulation technique in HDR geothermal resource exploitation. The differences in burial depth, in situ stress, and geological environment require different engineering designs when implementing hydraulic fracturing. Therefore, the confining pressure and injection rate play significant roles in determining the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing, as they affect the propagation and distribution of fractures in the rock formation. To quantify the impact of these factors on the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing, simulation experiments, and permeability tests were conducted using granite specimens under various confining pressure and injection rate conditions. The results of these experiments revealed the relationships among the confining pressure, injection rate, breakdown pressure, and permeability enhancement of the granite. The breakdown pressure of granite increased with the confining pressure, while the injection rate had little effect on the breakdown pressure. The hydraulic fractured sample produced new penetrating fractures, which increased the reservoir permeability, and owing to the higher complexity of hydraulic fractures under low confining pressure, the increase of permeability is correspondingly higher. The research results can provide an important reference for efficient stimulation development technology of deep HDR geothermal resources.
Morphological change and its response to human activities in the estuary of Minjiang River, China, since last early century
Authors: Lu Huiquan , Wang Chengtao , Cai Feng , Wu Chengqiang , Bao Jingjing , Zheng Yongling , Cao Chao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe evolution of subaqueous deltas in mountain rivers is highly sensitive to variations in sediment load and hydrodynamic conditions, and human activities can rapidly alter these parameters. To better understand the evolution of the subaqueous Minjiang River Delta (MRD) under human activities, we investigated the effects of construction of reservoirs, channel training walls, land reclamation activities, and sand mining from 1910 to 2010. Analysis of bathymetric and fluvial discharge data revealed that the MRD shoals generally experienced slight development during the study period, but with alternating stages of erosion and deposition that were related closely to sediment discharge and the role of human activities. The northern MRD was more strongly affected by decreasing sediment load, while the southern MRD was more influenced by land reclamation. Human activities in the MRD can be divided into five stages: Weak (before 1935), blockage (1935–1950), slight strong (1950–1970), strong (1970–2000), and stable (since 2000). Correspondingly, the geomorphic evolution of the MRD can also be divided into five stages: Natural evolution, channel blockage, southern channel erosion, divergence, and degradation. Furthermore, the morphodynamic response time of MRD to a decrease in riverine sediment was found to be less than 10 years, which is much faster than the morphodynamic changes observed in large‐scale estuaries and deltas. These results provide further insight into interpreting morphodynamic changes in typical small/medium‐sized estuaries and deltas under various human activities.
Controls of local grain size distribution, bed structure and flow conditions on sediment mobility
Authors: Smith Heidi E. J. , Monsalve Angel D. , Turowski Jens M. , Rickenmann Dieter , Yager Elowyn M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSteep, boulder bed streams often contain sediment patches, which are areas of the bed with relatively well‐defined boundaries that are occupied by distinct grain size distributions (GSD). In sediment mixtures, the underlying GSD affects the critical Shields stress for a given grain size, which is commonly predicted using hiding functions. Hiding functions may vary with reach‐wide bed GSD, but the effect of local GSD on relative sediment mobility between sediment patches is poorly understood. We explore the effects of patch‐scale GSD on sediment mobility using tracer particles combined with local shear stresses to develop hiding functions for different patch classes within a steep stream. Hiding functions for all tested patch classes were similar, which indicates that the same hiding function can be used for different patches. However, the critical Shields stress for a given grain size generally decreased with lower patch median grain size (D50) suggesting that patches control the relative mobility of each size through both the underlying GSD and local shear stresses. The effects of the underlying GSD partly depend on grain protrusion, which we measured for all grain sizes present on each patch class. Protrusion was generally greater for larger grains regardless of patch class, but for a given grain size, protrusion was increased with smaller patch D50. For a given grain size, higher protrusion results in greater applied fluid forces and reduced resisting forces to partly explain our lower critical Shields stresses in finer patches. Patches therefore can importantly modulate relative sediment mobility through bed structure and may need to be included in reach‐scale sediment transport and channel stability estimates.
Characterization of various tandem solar cells: Protocols, issues, and precautions
Authors: Park Jae Hyun , Hwang Sun Kyung , Ji Su Geun , Kim Jin Young 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the search for a more efficient solar cell, various types of tandem solar cells (TSCs) have been actively developed worldwide as the performances of the single junction solar cells approach their theoretical limits. Meanwhile, various materials and structures are adopted in TSCs, which makes their characterizations and comparison difficult. Along with the classical monolithic TSC, which exhibits two electrical contacts, devices with three or four electrical contacts have been widely studied as a more performing alternative of commercialized solar cells. For a fair and accurate evaluation of the device performance of TSCs, understanding the effectiveness and limitations of the characterization of the different types of TSCs is crucial. In this paper, we summarize various types of TSCs and discuss their characterization methods.