bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of Photocathodes: A Review on Principles, Design, and Strategies
Authors: Wang Qinglong , Liu Jinfeng , Li Qiuye , Yang Jianjun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical devices based on semiconductor photoelectrode can directly convert and store solar energy into chemical fuels. Although the efficient photoelectrodes with commercially valuable solar‐to‐fuel energy conversion efficiency have been reported over past decades, one of the most enormous challenges is the stability of the photoelectrode due to corrosion during operation. Thus, it is of paramount importance for developing a stable photoelectrode to deploy solar‐fuel production. This Review commences with a fundamental understanding of thermodynamics for photoelectrochemical reactions and the fundamentals of photocathodes. Then, the commercial application of photoelectrochemical technology is prospected. We specifically focus on recent strategies for designing photocathodes with long‐term stability, including energy band alignment, hole transport/storage/blocking layer, spatial decoupling, grafting molecular catalysts, protective/passivation layer, surface element reconstruction, and solvent effects. Based on the insights gained from these effective strategies, we propose an outlook of key aspects that address the challenges for development of stable photoelectrodes in future work.
Hospital readmissions in children with new‐onset infantile epileptic spasms syndrome
Authors: Harini Chellamani , Yuskaitis Christopher J. , Singh Avantika , McHugh Trevor , Liu Shanshan , DeLeo Michelle , Gupta Nishtha , Marti Candice , Zhang Bo , Libenson Mark H. , Berry Jay G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe inpatient resource use in the 2 years following infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) diagnosis, examine the association between clinical/demographic variables and incidence of readmission, and identify risk factors/reasons for frequent readmissions.MethodsRetrospective cohort analysis of readmissions (scheduled/unscheduled) within the first 2 years following IESS diagnosis, details of readmissions (number/time between rehospitalizations, and length of stay), demographic/clinical variables, and reasons for readmissions were collected. Negative binomial regression analysis evaluated associations between incidence of readmissions (both scheduled/unscheduled and unscheduled alone) and demographic/clinical factors. Logistic regression assessed the risk of having recurrent readmissions (≥5 readmissions).ResultsAmong 93 (60% males) new‐onset IESS patients, there were 394 readmissions (56% scheduled and 44% unscheduled) within 2‐years following IESS diagnosis. Mean length of stay was 3.5 days (SD: 5.9). Readmissions occurred in 82 patients (88%) and 37 (40%) experienced ≥5 readmissions. On multivariate regression analysis, readmissions were increased with use of multiple first‐line treatments for IESS (P = 0.006), technology assistance (P ≤ 0.001), and multispecialty care (P = 0.01); seizure freedom (P = 0.015) and known etiology (P = 0.011) lowered the incidence of readmissions. Examining unscheduled readmissions separately, increased readmissions occurred with public insurance (P = 0.013), technology use (P ≤ 0.0.001), and multispecialty care (P = 0.013); seizure freedom decreased unscheduled readmissions (P = 0.006). Technology assistance (G‐tube, NG tube, VP shunt, and tracheostomy use) increased the odds (P = 0.007) for recurrent readmissions. Reasons for readmissions included EEG monitoring (protocol driven for verification of IESS remission/characterization of events/EEG surveillance/presurgical monitoring) (51%), acute medical issues (21%), and seizure exacerbation (15%). Protocol‐driven readmissions declined an estimated 52% following protocol modification during the study.SignificanceIn the 2 years following IESS diagnosis, there is substantial inpatient resource use with nearly 40% experiencing ≥5 readmissions (mostly epilepsy related). Since readmissions are increased by intrinsic patient characteristics such as medical complexity (technology use and multispecialty care) or epilepsy‐related issues, the preventability of readmissions is uncertain, except for protocol‐driven ones.
Modeling uncertainty in financial tail risk: A forecast combination and weighted quantile approach
Authors: Storti Giuseppe , Wang Chao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA novel forecast combination and weighted quantile‐based tail risk forecasting framework is proposed, aiming to reduce the impact of modeling uncertainty. The proposed approach is based on a two‐step estimation procedure. The first step involves the combination of value‐at‐risk (VaR) forecasts at a grid of quantile levels. A range of parametric and semiparametric models is selected as the model universe in the forecast combination procedure. The quantile forecast combination weights are estimated by optimizing the quantile loss. In the second step, the expected shortfall (ES) is computed as a weighted average of combined quantiles. The quantiles weighting structure for ES forecasting is determined by minimizing a strictly consistent joint VaR and ES loss function of the Fissler–Ziegel class. The proposed framework is applied to six stock market indices and its forecasting performance is compared to each individual model in the universe, a simple average approach and a weighted quantile approach. The forecasting results support the proposed framework.
Small‐diameter tunneling in difficult ground – Analysis of TBM performance in hard rock
Authors: Lehmann Gabriel , Käsling Heiko , Praetorius Steffen , Seng Frederic , Thuro Kurosch 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSmall‐diameter tunneling in hard rock is increasingly widespread due to the need for new and longer utility tunnels comprising sewer, stormwater, freshwater, or hydropower as well as cable tunnels and casings for pipelines transporting gas or hydrogen. Utility tunnels have to deal with a wide range of geological settings, like small overburden, weathered rock, rock–soil transitions, as well as fractured or intact hard rock with high strength and abrasivity. A database has been created including 35 hard rock projects with diameters between 1 and 5 m as well as more than 70,000 m of tunnel alignments, with a median drive length of less than 500 m. Challenges in creating it and some early interpretations based on the contents of the database are presented. Details about an exemplary pipe jacking project in basement rocks in Brittany, France, are given. The large variety in this small‐diameter range in hard rock includes different TBM types, cutterhead designs, cutter types, and geotechnical conditions. Potential pitfalls in small‐diameter TBM data analysis are shown and general drive parameter trends and penetration prediction approaches are presented and set in relation to the geotechnical conditions. Our analysis shows that difficult ground conditions do not only incorporate rocks with very high strength, but also generally weak rocks like schist or limestone could be responsible for low penetration rates and high thrust forces.
Dysregulation of ADAM10 shedding activity in naked mole‐rat fibroblasts is due to deficient phosphatidylserine externalization
Authors: Urriola‐Muñoz Paulina , Pattison Luke A. , Smith Ewan St. J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe naked mole‐rat (NMR, Heterocephalus glaber) is of significant interest to biogerontological research, rarely developing age‐associated diseases, such as cancer. The transmembrane glycoprotein CD44 is upregulated in certain cancers and CD44 cleavage by a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) regulates cellular migration. Here we provide evidence that mature ADAM10 is expressed in NMR primary skin fibroblasts (NPSF), and that ionomycin increases cell surface ADAM10 localization. However, we observed an absence of ADAM10 mediated CD44 cleavage, as well as shedding of exogenous and overexpressed betacellulin in NPSF, whereas in mouse primary skin fibroblasts ionomycin induced ADAM10‐dependent cleavage of both CD44 and betacellulin. Overexpressing a hyperactive form of the Ca2+‐dependent phospholipid scramblase ANO6 in NPSF increased phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, which rescued the ADAM10 sheddase activity and promoted cell migration in NPSF in an ADAM10‐dependent manner. These findings suggest that dysregulation of ADAM10 shedding activity is due to a deficient PS externalization in NMR.
The maladaptive alcohol self‐administration task: An adapted novel model of alcohol seeking with negative consequences
Authors: Carlson Hannah N. , Weiner Jeffrey L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe progression of recreational drinking to alcohol use disorder is characterized by loss of control over seeking, which involves continued use of alcohol despite negative consequences. The present study proposes a novel maladaptive alcohol self‐administration task in which animals are trained to withhold alcohol drinking in the presence of an auditory cue signaling consequence (conflict phase) but to drink freely when there is no consequence (neutral phase). These phases are performed within trial; successful performance involves waiting for the conflict phase to end and drinking during the neutral phase. We discuss the background and implementation of the task, its relation to existing models, and its relevance to the field of translational alcohol research. Importantly, we also present evidence of its efficacy. Both male and female Long–Evans rats are capable of performing the maladaptive alcohol self‐administration task for both sweetened and unsweetened alcohol solutions. Finally, we show that acute injection of a pharmacological stressor (yohimbine) significantly disrupted performance of the task in both sexes and reinforcers. We suggest the maladaptive alcohol self‐administration task may prove particularly useful in models of alcohol use disorder or vulnerability to this disorder where its application may reveal maladaptive neural circuit adaptations responsible for motivational perturbations associated with loss of control over alcohol seeking.
Role of herbicides in the decline of butterfly population and diversity
Authors: Mallick Buddhadev , Rana Sukanta , Ghosh Tuhin S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe herbicides not only produce a lethal effect on herbs but also indirectly harm those species which use herbs as host plants during their life cycle. The adverse effect of herbicide is comparatively more than any insecticide found in the agricultural industry. Herbicides act as enzyme inhibitors that block the synthesis of essential biomolecules in herbs. Action mechanisms in which herbicides act on the plant body as well as the classification of the herbicides according to their mode of action have been recorded. Lethal effects of herbicides cause qualitative and quantitative losses of herb‐weeds and associated beneficial herbs from crop fields that lead to the decline in diversity of butterfly population. Lack of food sources, alteration of life cycle and morphological anomalies are found as a result of herbicidal interference on enzymatic reactions in butterflies. Beneficial organisms and pollinators are included within the affected ones. We selected the butterfly as it is recognized as a good indicator species. The effects of two graminicide fluazifop‐p‐butyl and sethoxydim, and a surfactant (like ‘Preference’ that help to increase penetration) were evaluated on Icaricia icarioides blackmorei and Pieris rapae in the laboratory. Glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium (GLA) kill milkweed plants (Asclepias sp.) by blocking the 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3 phosphate synthase (EPSPS) enzyme. 2,4,5‐trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5‐T), an herbicide used in forest and nature reserves, is toxic to springtails (Onychiurus quadriocellatus) upon direct contact resulting a disastrous effect on Monarch. Fifth instar caterpillars of skipper butterfly Calpodes ethlius die when they are fed GLA‐treated host plants. Atrazine and S‐metolachlor are the two other herbicides which are thought to have a role on milkweed plant whose leaves are the food of the larvae. Triclopyr, sethoxydim, and imazapyr are the three herbicides that reduced the adult emergence of Behr's metalmark butterfly. The objective of the study is to provide precise information regarding the relationship between herbicides and butterflies as well as the recommendation of feasible strategies for butterfly conservation with respect to weed management.
More negative charges on roots enhanced manganese(II) uptake in leguminous and non‐leguminous poaceae crops
Authors: Lu Hai‐long , Nkoh Jackson Nkoh , Xu Ren‐kou , Dong Ge , Li Jiu‐yu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDManganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient for plants, whereas excess Mn(II) in soils leads to its toxicity to crops. Mn(II) is adsorbed onto plant roots from soil solution and then absorbed by plants. Root charge characteristics should affect Mn(II) toxicity to crops and Mn(II) uptake by the roots of the crops. However, the differences in the effects of root surface charge on the uptake of Mn(II) among various crop species are not well understood.RESULTSThe roots of nine legumes and six non‐legume poaceae were obtained by hydroponics and the streaming potential method and spectroscopic analysis were used to measure the zeta potentials and functional groups on the roots, respectively. The results indicate that the exchangeable Mn(II) adsorbed by plant roots was significantly positively correlated with the Mn(II) accumulated in plant shoots. Legume roots carried more negative charges and functional groups than non‐legume poaceae roots, which was responsible for the larger amounts of exchangeable Mn(II) on legume roots in 2 h and the Mn(II) accumulated in their shoots in 48 h. Coexisting cations, such as Ca2+ and Mg2+, were most effective in decreasing Mn(II) taken up by roots and accumulated in shoots than K+ and Na+. This was because Ca2+ and Mg2+ could compete with Mn(II) for active sites on plant roots more strongly compared to K+ and Na+.CONCLUSIONThe root surface charge and functional groups are two important factors influencing Mn(II) uptake by roots and accumulation in plant shoots. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assessing the distribution of elusive non‐game carnivores: are hunters valuable informants?
Authors: Descalzo Esther , Ferreras Pablo , Martínez‐Jauregui María , Soliño Mario , Glikman Jenny Anne , Díaz‐Ruiz Francisco , Delibes‐Mateos Miguel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPublic surveys can be valuable tools to collect information on wildlife distribution. Our objective was to improve the knowledge on the distribution and expanding areas of the Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon) in central Spain by using an on‐line questionnaire to hunters. We assessed the reliability of information that hunters provided by comparing it with reports from wildlife professionals. Our results show a high overall congruence but significantly different information provided by hunters and professionals on the distribution of the Egyptian mongoose, suggesting that both sources provide unique data for the management of non‐game species. For example, hunters reported greater mongoose presence than professionals in areas to the east of Toledo and Ciudad Real provinces, for the whole distribution and core area of the species, suggesting that hunters could help to detect other areas where the species exists. Overall, our findings stress the importance of engaging hunters in wildlife conservation, as they can share valuable information on wildlife species, including those that are not hunted.
RELA promotes the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma via TFAP2A‐Wnt/β‐catenin signaling
Authors: Yang Kaicheng , Zhao Jianguang , Liu Shenghui , Man Shasha 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has emerged as the most prevailing oral malignancy worldwide, characterized by cervical solid lymph node metastasis and strong local invasiveness. Overexpression of Transcription Factor AP‐2 alpha (TFAP2A) is observed in a significant proportion of OSCC cases. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the function of TFAP2A in the progression of OSCC and the related molecular signaling pathways. The role of RELA was predicted using bioinformatics analysis. The mRNA abundances of RELA, TFAP2A, and β‐catenin were assessed by Western blot and quantitative real‐timePCR. The relationship between RELA, TFAP2A, and β‐catenin and their correlation with clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC was evaluated. The target of RELA and TFAP2A was identified by the chromatin immunoprecipitation as well as luciferase reporter assay. The colony formation assay and MTS assay were performed to determine the proliferative level of OSCC cells. OSCC cell motility was determined by Transwell assay and wound‐healing assay. The protein expressions of epithelial–mesenchymal transition‐associated factors were evaluated by Western blot. The expressions of RELA and TFAP2A were elevated in OSCC, and their expressions displayed a positive correlation. The expression levels of RELA and TFAP2A were found to be associated with TNM staging and lymphatic metastasis of OSCC patients. RELA upregulation promoted OSCC progression, as manifested by increased levels of proliferation, invasion, and migration of OSCC cells. We also demonstrated that RELA was directly bound to the promoter of TFAP2A transcription, which activated multiple malignant and metastatic phenotypes. Furthermore, TFAP2A activated the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling by targeting the promoter regions of β‐catenin. The study found that RELA is critical for promoting the progression of OSCC via the RELA‐TFAP2A‐Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. The RELA‐TFAP2A‐Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway is a potential target for reducing the aggressiveness of OSCC.
Peer effect of proprietary information: A cost–benefit analysis of customer information disclosure
Authors: Cao Liangyan , Lau Wee‐Yeap , Shaharuddin Shahrin Saaid 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study examines how industry peer firms' information disclosures affect firms' customer disclosure. Using samples of Chinese A‐share companies from 2007 to 2019, our results show the following: first, the peer firms' customer disclosures have a positive and significant effect on firms' customer disclosures. The results remain robust after the instrumental variable alleviates the endogeneity problem. Second, firms refer to peer firms' disclosure decisions only when it is difficult to weigh the disclosure benefits and costs. Third, firms tend to imitate the disclosure decisions of industry leaders. The cost–benefit hypothesis of proprietary information disclosure proposed in this study contributes to the literature.
Regulation of RNase E during the UV stress response in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Watanabe Satoru , Stazic Damir , Georg Jens , Ohtake Shota , Sakamaki Yutaka , Numakura Megumi , Asayama Munehiko , Chibazakura Taku , Wilde Annegret , Steglich Claudia , Hess Wolfgang R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEndoribonucleases govern the maturation and degradation of RNA and are indispensable in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. A key endoribonuclease in Gram‐negative bacteria is RNase E. To ensure an appropriate supply of RNase E, some bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, feedback‐regulate RNase E expression via the rne 5′‐untranslated region (5′ UTR) in cis. However, the mechanisms involved in the control of RNase E in other bacteria largely remain unknown. Cyanobacteria rely on solar light as an energy source for photosynthesis, despite the inherent ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. In this study, we first investigated globally the changes in gene expression in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 after a brief exposure to UV. Among the 407 responding genes 2 h after UV exposure was a prominent upregulation of rne mRNA level. Moreover, the enzymatic activity of RNase E rapidly increased as well, although the protein stability decreased. This unique response was underpinned by the increased accumulation of full‐length rne mRNA caused by the stabilization of its 5′ UTR and suppression of premature transcriptional termination, but not by an increased transcription rate. Mapping of RNA 3′ ends and in vitro cleavage assays revealed that RNase E cleaves within a stretch of six consecutive uridine residues within the rne 5′ UTR, indicating autoregulation. These observations suggest that RNase E in cyanobacteria contributes to reshaping the transcriptome during the UV stress response and that its required activity level is secured at the RNA level despite the enhanced turnover of the protein.
Pathologic, cytogenetic, and molecular features of acute myeloid leukemia with megakaryocytic differentiation: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Chisholm Karen M. , Smith Jenny , Heerema‐McKenney Amy E. , Choi John K. , Ries Rhonda E. , Hirsch Betsy A. , Raimondi Susana C. , Wang Yi‐Cheng , Dang Alice , Alonzo Todd A. , Sung Lillian , Aplenc Richard , Gamis Alan S. , Meshinchi Soheil , Kahwash Samir B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) with megakaryocytic differentiation (AMkL) is a rare subtype of AML more common in children. Recent literature has identified multiple fusions associated with this type of leukemia.MethodsMorphology, cytogenetics, and genomic sequencing were assessed in patients from Children's Oncology Group trials AAML0531 and AAML1031 with central‐pathology review confirmed non‐Down syndrome AMkL. The 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS), and RR were evaluated in these AMkL subcategories.ResultsA total of 107 cases of AMkL (5.5%) were included. Distinct fusions were identified in the majority: RBM15::MRTFA (20%), CBFA2T3::GLIS2 (16%), NUP98 (10%), KMT2A (7%), TEC::MLLT10 (2%), MECOM (1%), and FUS::ERG (1%); many of the remaining cases were classified as AMkL with (other) myelodysplasia‐related changes (MRC). Very few cases had AML‐associated somatic mutations. Cases with CBFA2T3::GLIS2 were enriched in trisomy 3 (p = .015) and the RAM phenotype, with associated high CD56 expression (p < .001). Cases with NUP98 fusions were enriched in trisomy 6 (p < .001), monosomy 13/del(13q) (p < .001), trisomy 21 (p = .026), and/or complex karyotypes (p = .026). While different 5‐year EFS and OS were observed in AMkL in each trial, in general, those with CBFA2T3::GLIS2 or KMT2A rearrangements had worse outcomes compared to other AMkL, while those with RBM15::MRTFA or classified as AMkl‐MRC fared better. AMkL with NUP98 fusions also had poor outcomes in the AAML1031 trial.ConclusionGiven the differences in outcomes, AMkL classification by fusions, cytogenetics, and morphology may be warranted to help in risk stratification and therapeutic options.
Pulmonary artery sling: An overview
Authors: K. Rahmath Muhammed Riyas , Durward Andrew 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPulmonary artery sling is a rare childhood vascular tracheobronchial compression syndrome that is frequently associated with tracheal stenosis. Consequently, neonates or infants may present with critical airway obstruction if there is long segment airway narrowing and complete rings. Rapid diagnosis of this cardiac vascular malformation and evaluation of the extent and severity of airway involvement is essential to plan surgery, typically a slide tracheoplasty to relieve critical airway obstruction. Long term outcome can be excellent following surgical repair of the stenosed airway and reimplantation of the left pulmonary artery. In this review we focus on the embryology, diagnostic workup, airway investigations and management for this rare but challenging congenital condition.