bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Quantitative Analysis of the Impact of Well and Reservoir Parameters on Pseudo-Skin Due to Partial Penetration
Authors: Egbe E. P. , Hart A. F. , Omobolanle O. C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Pseudo-skin factor due to partial penetration (Spp) is a crucial parameter when evaluating oilwell deliverability. It creates an additional pressure drop at the near-wellbore region with inimical impact on well productivity. Conventionally, a fraction of the reservoir thickness is targeted for perforation to maximize production and reservoir drive thereby increasing Spp. This paper investigates the impact of changes to pseudo-skin’s intrinsic parameters on its behavior. A software application (SENDI 6.0) was developed to automate the calculation and sensitize on the parameters. The results were subsequently regressed and analyzed to monitor the fractional contribution and impact of each parameter. The results of the investigation revealed that in comparison to other key parameters, penetration ratio is the largest contributor to Spp, accounting for about 37% of the pseudo-skin factor.
Energy Transition in Mono-Economies, the Non-Participatory and Effect Mitigating Approach
Authors: Ekeregbe Merit Prince 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Energy transitioning has been phenomenal in terms of the energy and commitment to see the implementation of the lofty sway by the big economies and international partnerships like the 2016 Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) initiatives. The same enthusiasm cannot be said of small economies and developing Nations. The paper explores small economies’ approaches to domesticating or internalizing their transitioning and mitigating effects of the global energy transition.
A new definition of energy transition that covers key terms and pillars of any new energy concept is provided. The pillars provide a structured, organized energy transitioning approach to ensure effective participation. The pillars of energy transition underscore corporate and national rhetorics in enhancing or demarketing the transition. Approaches to participate effectively are presented to help mono-economies and small-resource economies domesticate their energy transitioning in light of capability and resource availability.
This paper approach provides guidelines for National and corporate organization self-appraisal of efforts towards ensuring effective energy transition. The self-appraisal is necessary to ensure that efforts are in the right perspective to create room for improvement and that areas that need further action in the energy transition are engendered. The right approach for energy transitioning investment is advocated considering capacity, resource availability, and the benefits to humanity. The mono-economies and small-resource economics approach must focus on domesticating the energy transition regarding local resource availability and garnering the people-process-policy trios to prepare for the forward-looking global energy transition. Monoeconomies and small economies must domesticate the availability of energy resources locally, given the global energy transition.
The review of the energy transition equips mono-and-small scale economies to harness available resources and domesticate their energy transition. The energy transition analysis reveals ineffective and aloof tendencies. It strengthens the role clarity of all Nations and how best to transition into the new energy or mitigate the global effect.
Polymeric Gel Treatment for Water Shutoff – A Case Study
Authors: Stephen Babagbemi Adetoye , Mofunlewi Samuel , Kayode Sote Olujimi , Onobrakpor Ochuko 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Production from several matured oil and gas fields is impacted by high water cut. Common causes of excess water production in wells are coning, inflow through fractures and poor cement quality behind casing. Operators always aim at increasing the recovery of oil and gas and prolong well life in the absence of or negligible water cut. Polymeric gel system is a clear fluid formulated with low-molecular-weight polymer which allows penetration into matrix pore spaces for complete shut-off. Its low viscosity prior to crosslinking aids its injectivity; after placement in small openings such as pore throats and channels in cement behind casing, the final product is a rubber-like ring gel which penetrates formation matrix to reduce permeability and eventual shut-off flow. This paper focuses on the application of polymeric gel solution designed to shut off water production in two wells in Niger Delta. The candidate wells were carefully selected following a comprehensive review of the well schematic, petrophysical information and the reservoir performance monitoring logs. Based on the results of the data analyzed, polymer gel system was recommended. The required laboratory tests were conducted to confirm gelation time prior to field deployment. Coiled tubing and thru tubing inflatable packer were the preferred deployment method for precise treatment placement. The wells were shut-in for five days and surface samples were collected and kept in the water bath under downhole temperature conditions to allow curing of the treatment. The wells were opened after the curing time, and pressure tested against cured treatment system downhole and held for 10mins. The positive results from the pressure tests in both wells showed that total shut-off of the existing perforations were successful. The wells were thereafter re-perforated at shallower depths and production sustained on both wells.
Dimensionless Pressures and their Derivatives for a Vertical Well Completed within a Pair of Inclined Constant-Pressure Boundaries
Authors: Ojukwu I. N. , Adewole E. S. , Taiwo O. A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Dimensionless pressure and their derivatives assist tremendously in understanding the reservoir boundary types, efficient well design, completion and production scheduling for optimum recovery from the reservoir. For a reservoir boundary as inimical as constant-pressure to oil or gas production, the need to adequately anticipate its presence and approach pattern towards the wellbore cannot be overemphasized. In this paper, dimensionless pressures and their derivatives are provided for a vertical well completed within a pair of inclined constant-pressure boundary (CPB) support. The angle of inclination of the constant-pressure boundaries is varied between 0 and 360 degrees. Hence, a generalized dimensionless pressure and derivatives expressions are derived by superposition of dimensionless pressures of all image wells on one object well. Therefore, distances of every individual well from the object well and the sign of every image, taken through a counterclockwise direction from the object well, are major inputs into the dimensionless pressures and dimensionless pressure derivatives derived. Only the object wellbore skin but not its storage is considered. The solutions are plotted as type curves.
Results show dependence of both dimensionless pressure and dimensionless derivatives on angle of inclination of the constant-pressure boundaries. The dimensionless pressures exhibit a unique gradient at late dimensionless times. There is a collapse of the derivatives to zero at late dimensionless times. The rapidity of the collapse depends on object well distance from the boundaries and the angle of inclination of the boundaries. Wells completed farther away from the CPBs exhibit unperturbed production for longer periods than nearer wells.
Machine Learning Techniques for Real-Time Prediction of Essential Rock Properties Whilst Drilling
Authors: Amadi K. W. , Alsaba M. T , Iyalla I. , Prabhu R. , Elgaddafi R. M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Wellbore instability is the most significant incident during the drilling of production sections of most wells. Common problems such as wellbore collapse, tight hole, mechanical sticking, cause major delays in drilling time due to extended reaming and sidetracking in worst-case scenario. Geomechanical property of rock such as Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) affects wellbore stability, drilling performance and formation in-situ stresses estimation. Conventional methods used to estimate UCS requires either laboratory experiments or derived from sonic logs and the main drawbacks of these methods are the data and samples availability, high costs and time This paper presents an alternative technique of utilizing real-time drilling parameters and machine learning (ML) algorithm in the prediction of UCS thereby enabling timely drilling decisions. ML algorithm enables a system to learn complex pattern from the dataset during the training (learning) phase without any specified mathematical model and afterwards the trained model can predict through a model input. In this work, five ML models were used to predict UCS using offset well data from an already drilled wells. The models include; artificial neural network (ANN), CatBoost (CB), Extra Tree (ET), Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The ML models were first trained with 1150 data points using a 70:30 percentage ratio for training and testing the model respectively. After that, 560 datapoints from a different well were used to validate the developed model. The real-time drilling parameters required included weight on bit, penetration rate, rotary speed, and torque. The analysis result revealed good match between the actual and predicted (UCS) with correlation coefficients for training and testing dataset; 0.970 and 0.70 and 0.85 and 0.77 for CatBoost and ANN respectively. The main added value of this approach is that these drilling parameters are readily available in real-time and timely drilling decisions can be modified to improve the drilling performance.
Decarbonization: Economic Analysis of Powering a Filling Station with Solar Panel System in Nigeria
Authors: Ayodele Emmanuel , Okoli Kingsley , Ibrahim Bilal , Ebere Emmanuella , Akinyemi Oluwaferanmi , Wosu Nwonodi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
From the refineries to the filling stations to the vehicles themselves, the transportation industry is responsible for one of the highest levels of emissions in the contemporary era. These emissions come from vehicles that run on diesel, gasoline oil, and premium motor spirit. This study is centred on the reduction of carbon emissions at filling stations for petroleum products as a means of lowering a facility's overall carbon footprint. Throughout the study, data on the overall energy output of the filling station was collected and the costs associated with solar energy systems were analysed. The cost of installation of a solar energy system, as well as the cost of maintenance and the life cycle of the alternative source of energy, in this case, solar energy, are factored into the study. During an investigation into the economic viability of substituting a solar system for diesel power generators, a total of one hundred (100) refuelling stations in Nigeria's Niger Delta region (Port Harcourt) were considered. The paper shows a breakeven period of 1-4 years for different filling station designs investigated when power is supplied with a solar system. The cost-failure theory was also evaluated and found to be 441 Naira for the cost of diesel if the system were termed inefficient. This paper presents a feasibility study that demonstrates an efficient method for lowering the carbon emissions footprint caused by diesel powered filling stations.
A Digitized Tool for Well Candidate Selection for Matrix Acidizing in Sandstone Reservoir
Authors: Okologumw W. C. , Onyeoru J. O. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Matrix acidizing is a well-stimulation that has evolved and is still used to increase productivity when the productivity index drastically decreases and the production rate declines. A candidate well-stimulation selection method and software are suggested in this work. The process is based on technical, workover complexity, production decline curve analysis (for future forecasting), and economics since candidate selection must be rigorous. Production data from four onshore Niger Delta stimulation candidate wells were used to validate the software developed. R-factor, productivity index, and flow efficiency were the technical parameters used, and eleven (11) indicators were used for workover complexity evaluation. The future forecast was done using the production decline curve analysis and different economic indicators such as the Internal Rate of Return (IRR), the Net present value (NPV), and the Payback time. Profitability Index (PI) was used for analysis and make decisions. All wells analyzed in this study met the technical parameter criteria, making each well a potential candidate; hence, further studies can be conducted. From further reviews based on the author selection criteria carried out with regard to production trend (decline curve analysis) and economics, it was seen that WELL XX-01 was ranked first due to its shortest payback time of 2.0899 months and highest NPV of $23,636,983, WELL XX-03 was ranked next, having a payback of 2.2472 months and an NPV of $9,627,221, WELL XX-02 was ranked following having NPV of $7,260,917 and a payback of 2.2560 months and lastly, WELL XX-04 having a payback time of 2.3615 months and NPV of $6,777,548.
Evaluation Studies of KCl and Amino Acid Mixtures for Clay Stabilization and Rheological Enhancement of Water-Based Fracturing Fluids
Authors: Duartey K. O. , Quainoo A. K. , Darko C. K. 
Published: July 2023

Summary
Conventional stabilizers such as inorganic salts in water-based fluids are restricted for use in gas and oil shales drilling and hydraulic fracturing for drilling due to environmental, economic and performance concerns. For example, 2% use of KCl, a commonly used inorganic salt, contains an excess of 9500ppm chloride. This is considered high and toxic. Apart from environmental problems, KCl inhibiting solutions tend to negatively affect the rheology of the water-based fluids, posing a dilemma for industry operators. The clay and rheological stabilizing effects of KCl and amino acid mixes for hydraulic fracturing operations were investigated in this study. The stabilizing and rheological potentials of mixes of KCl and organic compounds have proven to be superior to the separate compounds in studies. The KCl was used in the study at safe quantities (1%) to prevent toxicity concerns. In this study, the inhibition potentials of KCl+ Arginine and KCl + Alanine solutions, mixed approximately at ecologically safe quantities, were tested at different bentonite wafers using M4600 Linear swell at 25°C and 1000psi in the work. Furthermore, rheological studies on bentonite-based suspensions were carried out using a high-precision Discovery Hybrid Rheometer (DHR-1). This was done to monitor the flow parameters of the inhibiting suspensions and their anti-swelling effects on the bentonite component of the prepared fracturing fluid. The effects of the mixtures were also compared to that of KCl, Arginine and Alanine inhibition solutions. Herschel-Bulkley's model was also used to determine the flow characteristics. After 24 hours of testing, the swelling findings reveal that KCl+ Arginine/KCl + Alanine treated fracturing fluids significantly affect the clay stabilization and rheological properties of the fracturing fluid. The study provides basic information on the inhibition potentials of KCl and natural amino acid mixtures in water-based fracturing fluids for clean clay stabilization.
Determination of Non-Darcy Flow Coefficient and Completion Skin from Multi-Rate Test Data with a Decreasing Effective Skin
Authors: Ekeregbe Merit Prince 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Non-Darcy skin is always present in the gas, gas-condensate, and high Gas Oil Ratio (GOR) oil wells, increasing as the rate increases. However, the reverse is true in a well with a loading skin. This paper outlines the interpretation procedure and unmasking of the non-Darcy skin in a loading well with a new calculation approach.
A rate test for a gas or gas-condensate well with a pressure transient test (PTT) is required for well-test interpretation, and the diagnostic and the matched well production history plot provide the nominal or rate-dependent skin. The effective skin comprises completion, non-Darcy, and loading skins in a well with decreasing effective and loading skins. This approach focuses on matching the production history plot to provide the rate-dependent skins to determine the loading and completion skins.
It becomes impossible to determine reservoir parameters with a masked radial flow regime. When compounded with serious liquid-loading skin, non-Darcy skin determination becomes another challenge. In this scenario, Ramey's method and Spivey's for determining non-Darcy skin become insufficient because the former deals with an increasing non-Darcy skin only; in this case, we have a decreasing skin, and the latter does not account for a loading skin. This study resolves the limitation of both methods by accounting for the loading skin and unmasking the non-Darcy skin. With the new formulation for effective skin, the reservoir parameters can be determined from the general flow regime equations. The loading-skin rate-mitigation strategy proves successful in well recovery.
This approach is utilized with a loading-skin mitigating rate to recover well that would have quit on production. The non-Darcy skin effect and the loading-skin curves reveal a minimum loading-skin mitigating rate for improved productivity and overcoming Ramey and Spivey methods’ limitations.
Influence of Surface Modification on the Interfacial Tension Reduction and Wettability Alteration of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Under Reservoir Conditions
Authors: Yakassai F. , Jaafar M. Z. , Sidek M. A. , Agi A. , Gbonhinbor J. , Ridzuan N. , Mahat S. Q. A. , Ngouangna E. , Oseh J. , Al_Ani M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are at the forefront of advanced materials considered for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), due to their unique physicochemical properties. However, the major drawback is that IONPs quickly agglomerate to diminish their high surface energy, particularly in reservoir brine. Hence, losing their stability and beneficial characteristics which have a negative impact on oil recovery. In this study, these challenges have been circumvented by the functionalization of IONPs with 3-aminopropyltriethyloxysilane (APTES) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Herein, co-precipitation synthesis of bare IONPs and post-synthesis grafting of APTES (AIONPs) and TEOS (SIONPs) were carried out in the laboratory. Synthesis and functionalization were confirmed by examining the physical and chemical properties of the nanomaterials (NMs) using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The stability of the nanofluids (NFs) was examined using zetapotential and sedimentation analysis in the presence of reservoir brine (25,000ppm NaCl). The ability of the NFs to decrease interfacial tension (IFT) and alter the wettability of rock/fluid at reservoir conditions was examined using a K20 Easy Dyne Kruss tensiometer and Kruss drop shape analyzer, respectively. Based on the results, it was found that reservoir brine, decreased the electrostatic stability of IONFs, AIONFs, and SIONFs by 75.9%, 41.3%, and 68% respectively. The IFT reduction and wettability changes relative to the reference values of 25.53 ± 1.51 mN/m and 128 ± 3.4° at reservoir conditions were 11.6mN/m and 26° for IONFs, 7.7mN/m & 22.2° for AIONFs and 8.2mN/m& 15.5° for SIONFs. These findings contribute towards understanding the influence of functionalization on the oil recovery mechanism of IONPs under reservoir conditions.
The Effect of Low Salinity Flooding of Silica Nanoparticles Functionalized with (3 Aminopropyl) Triethoxysilane on Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Ngouangna E. , Jaafar M. Z. , Anam M. N. , Agi A. , Gbonhinbor J. , Ridzuan N. , Mahat S. Q. A. , Yakassai F. , Oseh J. , Al_Ani M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) have been widely employed in the oil and gas industry for drilling, well cementing, workover procedures, wastewater cleanup, and oil production. Due to their 1 to 100 nm particle sizes, large specific surface area, high dispersibility, and variable physico-chemical properties, they can change the wettability of reservoir rock and reduce interfacial tension between crude oil and low salinity brine phases. Functionalized SNPs has not been well-studied in amine-based oil recovery. This work functionalized the surface of SNPs with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) to improve dispersion stability, change the wettability of sandstone, lower the IFT between oil and water, displace oil in a sand pack flooding setup at low salinity and ambient temperature conditions. FTIR identified functional groups, which validated functionalization by changing surface morphology. EDX validated the elemental composition with added nitrogen and carbon. Zeta potential confirmed stability. Analysis increased from -16 mV to +36.4 mV, and contact angle changed from 46.4° to 115.5°. the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 1.0 %wt was achieved at IFT of 8.5mN/m and 76% of the oil was recovered after flooding with APTES-SNF. APTES deposited its molecules on the negatively charged hydroxyl (-OH) groups of SNPs, causing electrostatic attraction forces. This increases oil recovery by stabilizing dispersion.
Mega Project with High Shaping Complexity During Front End Loading: A Niger Delta Case Study
Authors: Obidike Peter , Ezekiel-Hart Elisha , Oluwafemi Akinwumi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The three dimensions of complexity of Mega projects according to Edward and Nandurdikar are about Scope, Organizational and Shaping. According to Edward and Nandurdikar in "Leading Complex Projects", there are instances where a Mega project with a regular scope can result to extra-ordinary scope and organizational complexity. The experience we intend to share in this paper demonstrates that a project with a simple scope can have a complex shaping process. In projects maturation, the shaping process is where the value is created, while in the execution and operation phases we realize the value. In the Niger Delta case study that we share in this paper, a simple upstream project that initially required drilling of 5 non-associated gas (NAG) wells (in a first phase of development), flowlines, and hookup to a manifold 100 meters away from the wells, manifested high shaping complexity. This was due to different reasons stemming from involvement of large number of stakeholders (internal and external), technical (subsurface and surface) and non-technical risks including commercials. This paper will discuss the early wins in the subsurface development strategy, changes in regulatory environment from introduction of Petroleum Industry Act (PIA). The PIA impacts on regulator availability, required different interfaces for upstream and downstream and risks to resource ownership within the projects contract period and the impact on the shaping process are discussed. The objective is to share these learnings on the key shaping issues and perspectives on things that could have been done differently for a more desirable shaping outcome. Some of these issues include subsurface uncertainties, risks, and the robustness of the development strategy to support the gas supply obligation, the phased development and confidence of external stakeholders to the operators planned development strategy and commercial aspects of a required update to the gas supply agreement.