bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simplified model for minor and major loop magnetic hysteresis and its application for inference of temperature in induction heated particle beds
Authors: Noble Jonathan P P , Bending Simon J , Muxworthy Adrian R , Hill Alfred K 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this work, a LangArc model is presented that successfully fits both major and minor hysteresis loops of a bed of magnetic particles in real time using instruments that detect changes in the magnetic field strength, such as in-situ pick-up coils. A novel temperature measurement application is demonstrated based on a real-time characterisation of a magnetic material, in this case magnetite, as a function of temperature. Magnetic hysteresis can be used to provide useful induction heating in a packed bed of magnetic materials. This can be used for general heating and to provide energy to chemical reactions in chemical processes. Accurate temperature measurement of magnetic particles under induction heating is a well-known challenge: conventional techniques give a single-point measurement, and are subject to inaccuracy due to self-heating of the instrument tip. Thermal lag can be problematic given the rapid heating rates that are characteristic of induction heating. The LangArc inferred temperature measurement technique is shown to detect heating rates in excess of 30 °C·s−1, under which circumstances an in-bed thermocouple was shown to lag by as much as 180 °C. This new method has significant importance for temperature measurement in applications involving the induction heating of magnetic materials as it avoids the location of an instrument inside the magnetic particle bed and is highly responsive under rapid heating where other techniques can give misleading results.
Research on point cloud simplification algorithm for ring forgings based on joint entropy evaluation
Authors: Zhang Yucun , Wu Zihao , Li Qun , Yang Zemeng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
There are numerous redundant points in the point cloud model of ring forgings obtained by 3D laser scanner. How to remove the redundant points while keeping the model characteristics unchanged is a critical issue. This paper proposes a point cloud simplification algorithm based on the joint entropy evaluation theory. Firstly, the K-D tree is used to search for the K-neighbors of the sampled points. Secondly, a surface is fitted to the spatial neighborhood of the sampled points using the least squares method. The curvature operator of the sampled points is derived on the fitted surface using Riemannian geometry theory. After that, an energy operator is defined by using the normal vectors and distances of the sampled points and their neighborhood points. The joint entropy values of all points in the model are determined based on the probability distributions of these two operators in the local neighborhood. Finally, the data points are sorted by entropy value. Data points with high entropy values are put into the data set U1. Data points with low entropy values are clustered through the K-Means algorithm of swarm optimization. The redundant points outside the cluster centers are removed, and the cluster centers are put into the data set U2. The final simplification results are obtained by integrating data sets U1 and U2. The experimental results show that the point cloud simplification algorithm proposed in this paper is effective and feasible.
Magnetic ‘Coulomb’ barrier
Authors: Walsh Ray 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Coulomb barrier is a classic introductory physics concept and one that is key to understanding nuclear fusion. Yet the idea that fusing nuclei within a single system could exhibit both far-range repulsion and short-range attraction can result in significant cognitive dissonance in students. There are no classical examples of this behaviour and no commercially available demonstration kits. The magnetic ‘Coulomb’ barrier allows a visual and tactile demonstration of the central challenge of nuclear fusion: overcoming the electrostatic forces inherent in the Coulomb barrier. Students directly determine the kinetic energy required to overcome the magnetic potential energy barrier. The Magnetic ‘Coulomb’ Barrier won first place at the 2023 American Academy of Physics Teacher Apparatus Competition in Sacramento, California, USA.
Analysis of vertical displacement events in tokamaks removing the evolutionary equilibrium assumption
Authors: Isernia Nicola , Villone Fabio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA key parameter for the vertical stabilisation system of future fusion devices like ITER is themaximum allowable vertical displacementwhich can be recovered by the magnetic control system (Gribov 2015Nucl. Fusion55073021). The computation of this figure of merit is based on MHD evolutionary equilibrium models: the perturbation of the vertical position implicitly considers a perturbation of the external passive currents which guarantees MHD equilibrium. In this paper, we quantify the consequences of considering non-equilibrium perturbations of the vertical position. In this case, one has to specify separately the initial perturbation of the vertical position and of the external currents. We show in particular under which circumstances the evolution of the vertical position, as predicted by the evolutionary equilibrium models, coincides with that obtained considering also plasma inertia.
Unpredictability and entanglement in open quantum systems
Authors: Kazemi Javad , Weimer Hendrik 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We investigate dynamical many-body systems capable of universal computation, which leads to their properties being unpredictable unless the dynamics is simulated from the beginning to the end. Unpredictable behavior can be quantitatively assessed in terms of a data compression of the states occurring during the time evolution, which is closely related to their Kolmogorov complexity. We analyze a master equation embedding of classical cellular automata and demonstrate the existence of a phase transition between predictable and unpredictable behavior as a function of the random error introduced by the probabilistic character of the embedding. We then turn to have this dynamics competing with a second process inducing quantum fluctuations and dissipatively driving the system to a highly entangled steady state. Strikingly, for intermediate strength of the quantum fluctuations, we find that both unpredictability and quantum entanglement can coexist even in the long time limit. Finally, we show that the required many-body interactions for the cellular automaton embedding can be efficiently realized within a variational quantum simulator platform based on ultracold Rydberg atoms with high fidelity.
Partial-norm of entanglement: entanglement monotones that are not monogamous
Authors: Guo Yu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Quantum entanglement is known to be monogamous, i.e. it obeys strong constraints on how the entanglement can be distributed among multipartite systems. Almost all the entanglement monotones so far are shown to be monogamous. We explore here a family of entanglement monotones with the reduced functions are concave but not strictly concave and show that they are not monogamous. They are defined by four kinds of the ‘partial-norm’ of the reduced state, which we call them partial-norm of entanglement, minimal partial-norm of entanglement, reinforced minimal partial-norm of entanglement, and partial negativity, respectively. This indicates that, the previous axiomatic definition of the entanglement monotone needs supplemental agreement that the reduced function should be strictly concave since such a strict concavity can make sure that the corresponding convex-roof extended entanglement monotone is monogamous. Here, the reduced function of an entanglement monotone refers to the corresponding function on the reduced state for the measure on bipartite pure states.
Magnetic pinching of relativistic particle beams: a new approach to strong-field QED physics
Authors: Zhu Xing-Long , Liu Wei-Yuan , Chen Min , Weng Su-Ming , Wu Dong , Yu Tong-Pu , Wang Wei-Min , Sheng Zheng-Ming , Zhang Jie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Quantum electrodynamics (QED) is a foundation of modern physics, yet access to the strong-field QED regime in the laboratory remains a formidable challenge. Currently, high-power lasers at the multi-petawatt level and above are generally believed to be an important approach to test QED physics. Here, we present a different approach by use of an electron beam self-pinched to near-solid-density. The beam self-pinching is realized while it transports through a properly designed hollow cone target, where strong azimuthal magnetic fields are generated by the beam-induced plasma return currents at the inner surface of the cone target. In this way, the beam diameter can be reduced by more than an order of magnitude down to submicron and its density is increased by hundreds of times. The produced ultradense electron beams can unlock a new regime of QED-dominated beam–plasma interactions, for example, more than 60% of the beam energy can be converted into GeV gamma-rays with unprecedented brilliance when such a beam passes through a thin solid foil. Moreover, with proper parameter design, this beam-focusing scheme can also be applied to positron beams and thus may find applications in broad areas, such as particle colliders and strong-field physics.
A modified least squares-based tomography with density matrix perturbation and linear entropy consideration along with performance analysis
Authors: Mondal Subhadeep , Dutta Amit Kumar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Quantum state tomography identifies target quantum states by performing repetitive measurements on identical copies. In this paper, we have two key contributions aimed at improving traditional post-processing computational complexity and sample complexity of quantum tomography protocols. In the first case, we propose a new low-cost positivity constraint method based on density matrix perturbation after the least squares (LS) estimation of the density matrix. In the second case, we propose a new cost function with the maximum linear entropy and LS method to improve the sample average trace distance with reasonably low sample complexity. We call it the LS with the maximum entropy (LSME) method. Our proposed algorithm does not follow the iterative optimization technique, which is true for existing maximum likelihood and entropy-based ones. Performance analysis is conducted for our proposed methods by studying how they compare to the existing techniques for different sample complexities and dimensionalities. Extensive numerical simulations have been conducted to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed tomography algorithms.
Effect of annealing onto physical properties of Co:ZnO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis technique
Authors: Aboud Ahmed A. , Al-Dossari M. , AbdEL-Gawaad N. S. , Magdi Ahmed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this work, the effect of annealing on the physical properties of Co-doped ZnO thin films has been explored. The Co doping level was fixed at 10 weight (wt) % and deposition has been performed using spray pyrolysis techniques. The deposited film was annealed at temperatures of 400, 450, and 500 °C under an air stream of 5 L min−1. The effect of annealing on the physical properties of the deposited film was investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM), x-ray dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and optical spectroscopy. XRD results revealed the formation of a single-phase ZnO thin film with no other phases even after annealing. The estimated crystallite size was found to be 34 nm for the un-annealed film which was reduced to 31 nm for film annealed at 400 °C. The SEM images show the formation of large grains which respond differently to the annealing process. Upon annealing the band gap value shows a reduction and the plasma fRequency shows an increase. The performance of all films as UV sensors shows the reduction in the response time for film annealed at 400 °C and the decay time, at the same voltage, for film annealed at 450 °C.
A dual-band dual-polarized low-side-lobe transmitarray using independent amplitude and phase controllable elements
Authors: Bian Chenge , Zhou Dongfang , Zhang Yi , Lv Dalong , Deng Hailin , Zhang Dewei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a novel transmitarray (TA) element with independent control capability of amplitude and phase under dual-band dual-polarized operation is proposed. By changing the physical size of the TA element, the phase variation of the element can cover 360° at two bands. Moreover, the phase change of the frequency band is less than 30° when the phase of the other band is changed. Meanwhile, a higher maximal transmission amplitude can be maintained when varying the phase. Amplitude modulation is achieved by rotating the TA element. Utilizing the proposed TA element, a dual-band dual-linear polarization (LP) TA with low side lobe level (SLL) operating at 12.5 GHz and 14.25 GHz is designed. The SLL can be decreased by amplitude modulation of the elements. The measured peak gains of the proposed TA are 25.96 dBi and 25.89 dBi at 12.5 GHz and 14.25 GHz. In addition, the measured SLLs of the yoz/xoz planes are −22.4 dB/−22.4 dB and −22.5dB/−22.3 dB at 12.5 GHz and 14.25 GHz, respectively. The proposed TA shows good SLL performances and great application potential in satellite communication systems.
Cloud-assisted quantum primitive protocols and applications
Authors: Fang Xia-qin , Shi Run-hua 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Security and privacy have always been key concerns for individuals in various cloud-assisted services. In order to enhance security, we focus on quantum cryptography in novel cloud-based applications. First, we present two quantum primitive protocols to compute XOR of two private bits and AND of two private bits with the assistance of a quantum cloud, respectively. Then, we generalize two-party protocols to the corresponding multi-party cases. These quantum primitive protocols can ensure information-theoretical security and provide long-term security, which are guaranteed by the principles of quantum mechanics. Furthermore, we present a grouping strategy to improve the communication efficiency of multiparty quantum protocols. In addition, we investigate privacy-preserving applications of these quantum primitive protocols in cloud-based environments, e.g., cloud-based Anonymous Voting and Multiparty Private Set Intersection. Finally, simulated experiments show our proposed quantum protocols are correct and feasible with the present quantum technology.
Spherical bispectrum: a novel visualization scheme for facilitating comparisons
Authors: Tomlinson Joseph , Jeong Donghui 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Recent developments of Perturbation Theory (PT), specifically the Effective Field Theory of Large Scale Structure (EFTofLSS) and its equivalents, have proven powerful in analyzing galaxy clustering statistics such as the galaxy power spectrum and bispectrum. To further this pursuit, we have devised a novel spherical-bispectrum visualization scheme that collapses configuration dependencies to highlight the scale dependence of the bispectrum. The resulting one-dimensional curves facilitate the comparison between different bispectra, for example, from simulation and PT calculation. Using the new scheme, we present a quantitative analysis of the accuracy of PT modeling by comparing PT's analytical prediction to the result from a suite of Quijote simulations. Specifically, we determine k
NL, the wavenunmber below which the analytical prediction matches well with the N-body result by inspecting
both leading order (LO) and next-to-leading order (NLO) power spectrum and bispectrum at redshifts z = 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3. We also quantify the binning effect in Fourier space and show that an appropriate correction must be applied to the analytic predictions in order to compare them with the discrete Fourier transform results obtained from N-body-simulation or real data.
Polarization formalism for ALP-induced X-ray emission from magnetars
Authors: Fortin Jean-François , Sinha Kuver 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Missions like NASA's Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) are poised to provide an unprecedented view of the Universe in polarized X-rays. Polarization probes physical anisotropies, a fact exploited by particle physicists to look for the anisotropic a
E·B operator in the axion-like-particle (ALP) Lagrangian. Such studies have typically focused on polarization in the radio and microwaves, through local or cosmic birefringence effects. To such polarization studies we add X-rays emanating from magnetars — a class of neutron stars with near-critical strength magnetic fields — that are important targets for IXPE. ALPs produced in the neutron star core convert to X-rays in the magnetosphere; such X-rays are polarized along the direction parallel to the dipolar magnetic field at the point of conversion. We develop the full theoretical formalism for ALP-induced polarization in the presence of dipolar magnetic fields. For uncorrelated photon and ALP production mechanisms, we completely disentangle the ALP contributions to the Stokes parameters in terms of the ALP intensity, the ALP-to-photon conversion probability, and the ALP-induced birefringence. In the proper limit, our results demonstrate that the inclusion of ALPs suppresses the observed degree of circular polarization compared to its pure astrophysical value. Our results can also be used to impose limits on ALP couplings with IXPE polarization data from magnetars 4U 0142+61 and 1RXS J170849.0-400910, the subject of upcoming work.
Challenges in the Detection and Attribution of Northern Hemisphere Surface Temperature Trends Since 1850
Authors: Connolly Ronan , Soon Willie , Connolly Michael , Baliunas Sallie , Berglund Johan , Butler C. J. , Gustavo Cionco Rodolfo , Elias Ana G. , Fedorov Valery M. , Harde Hermann , Henry Gregory W. , Hoyt Douglas V. , Humlum Ole , Legates David R. , Scafetta Nicola , Solheim Jan-Erik , Szarka László , Velasco Herrera Víctor M. , Yan Hong , Zhang Weijia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Since 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has heavily relied on the comparison between global climate model hindcasts and global surface temperature (ST) estimates for concluding that post-1950s global warming is mostly human-caused. In Connolly et al., we cautioned that this approach to the detection and attribution of climate change was highly dependent on the choice of Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) and ST data sets. We compiled 16 TSI and five ST data sets and found by altering the choice of TSI or ST, one could (prematurely) conclude anything from the warming being “mostly human-caused” to “mostly natural.” Richardson and Benestad suggested our analysis was “erroneous” and “flawed” because we did not use a multilinear regression. They argued that applying a multilinear regression to one of the five ST series re-affirmed the IPCC’s attribution statement. They also objected that many of the published TSI data sets were out-of-date. However, here we show that when applying multilinear regression analysis to an expanded and updated data set of 27 TSI series, the original conclusions of Connolly et al. are confirmed for all five ST data sets. Therefore, it is still unclear whether the observed warming is mostly human-caused, mostly natural or some combination of both.
Recycling and Reuse Production Technology of Waste Polyurethane Foam
Authors: Zhu Shangwen , Gu Xiaohua , Liu Yan , Zhu Yanwei , Wang Tong , Fan Anyu , Kang Li 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Waste polyurethane foam is a kind of manufacturing and construction industry waste used as raw material to produce polyol polymer with high added value. In this way, the recycling economy of waste polyurethane foam is developed. In this paper, a production process line for recycling waste polyurethane foam was designed and established. The economic benefits of the production line were evaluated with the production cost as the index and the actual production data. Compared with the price of commercial polyether polyol, the price of regenerated polyether polyol was 13, 920 CNY/t, which was reduced by 30.4%. The re-foaming of the regenerated polyether polyol was observed by scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the polyurethane foam foamed with regenerated polyether polyol had a complete bubble structure. The bubble structure is regular and completely hexagonal, with a strong skeleton, an excellent cross-linking structure, and a uniform and dense bubble distribution. Therefore, the production process can be widely promoted as a sustainable, green, and high-value-added waste polyurethane treatment process.
Properties of Cellulose/Polypropylene Nanocomposites Modified by KH550 Silane Coupling Agent
Authors: Cheng Fangyue , Yu Shuxian , Zhao Changjun , Guo Qing , Shao Ziqiang , Lyu Shaoyi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The effect of a 3-amino-propyltriethoxy-silane coupling agent on modified polypropylene (PP) matrix has been studied extensively. In this work, the effect of reinforced modification (KH550 of nano cellulose crystals, temporary cellulose nanofibers) on the final overall property of the PP composite system was investigated. PP was filled with 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% silane-treated and untreated cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNF) at different weight ratios to prepare a uniform mixture of PP and nano cellulose fillers. Finally, the mechanics, chemistry, and morphology of the composites were studied. The mechanical properties of CNC with 3% were the highest, and the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of pure PP matrix were increased by 12% and 34%, respectively. The effect of the liquid-modified CNC fiber sample as filler was better than that of the liquid-modified CNF sample (calculated by adding 3% nano cellulose), and Young’s modulus was increased by 13% and elongation at the break by 12%.
Using Structural Intensity Approach to Study the Energy Attenuation in Metamaterial Plate
Authors: Wang Yirui , Lei Jincheng , Liu Zishun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Metamaterials have been extensively studied because of their bandgap characteristics, which can be used in vibration isolation. Current studies on the effect of vibration attenuation in metamaterials mainly focus on vibration amplitude, velocity, and acceleration. The structure intensity is a more effective approach to evaluating vibration. In this study, the structural intensity method is adopted to describe the vibration suppression effect of elastic metamaterial plates. The energy flow density in the stop band and the passband in the metamaterial plate can be obtained, and the mechanism for the vibration blocking of the metamaterial plate in the stop band is revealed. The study demonstrates that the power flows around the vibration source, which is calculated by the loop integral of structure intensity around the vibration source, can be used to describe the attenuation and transmission characteristics of vibration.