bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An overview of intelligent construction and maintenance technology for highway subgrade engineering
Authors: Zhang Junhui , Liu Liyan , Yang Hao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn terms of quality, functionality, and services, smart highways are an improvement over conventional highways and a crucial part of the latest infrastructure development. The primary load-bearing component of roadways is the subgrade. Accidents brought on by low-grade illnesses have been more common in recent years, yet it has been challenging to correctly diagnose low-grade illnesses in their early stages. Digital construction technology, intelligent construction, information management and control, and high-quality development as opposed to high-speed development are now the main technical tools used in subgrade engineering construction in China. This paper, which is based on the background of smart highways, analyzes the necessity and development prospection of intelligent construction and maintenance of subgrade engineering, proposes the development direction of intelligent construction and maintenance of subgrade engineering, and summarizes the relevant intelligent technologies throughout the lifecycle of subgrade engineering.
Mitigation of N2O emission from granular organic fertilizer with alkali- and salt-resistant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria
Authors: Gao Nan , Yu Xinchun , Yang Siqi , Li Qing , Zhang Huanhuan , Rajasekar Adharsh , Shen Weishou , Senoo Keishi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aim
Organic fertilizer application significantly stimulates nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural soils. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains are the core of bio-fertilizer or bio-organic fertilizer, while their beneficial effects are inhibited by environmental conditions, such as alkali and salt stress observed in organic manure or soil. This study aims to screen alkali- and salt-resistant PGPR that could mitigate N2O emission after applying strain-inoculated organic fertilizer.

Methods and results
Among the 29 candidate strains, 11 (7 Bacillus spp., 2 Achromobacter spp., 1 Paenibacillus sp., and 1 Pseudomonas sp.) significantly mitigated N2O emissions from the organic fertilizer after inoculation. Seven strains were alkali tolerant (pH 10) and five were salt tolerant (4% salinity) in pure culture. Seven strains were selected for further evaluation in two agricultural soils. Five of these seven strains could significantly decrease the cumulative N2O emissions from Anthrosol, while six could significantly decrease the cumulative N2O emissions from Cambisol after the inoculation into the granular organic fertilizer compared with the non-inoculated control.

Conclusions
Inoculating alkali- and salt-resistant PGPR into organic fertilizer can reduce N2O emissions from soils under microcosm conditions. Further studies are needed to investigate whether these strains will work under field conditions, under higher salinity, or at different soil pH.
The evolution of contracting: evidence from the US freight rail industry
Authors: Macher Jeffrey T , Mayo John W , Sappington David E M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Although they lie at the very foundation of economic exchange, the primal questions of whether and when economic actors employ contracts and how the propensity to contract evolves over time have received relatively little empirical attention. We address these lacunas using an extensive database of spot market and contract shipments in the US freight rail industry. We find that the evolution of contracting is driven by many factors, including legislative changes, contracting experience, the extent and nature of prevailing competition, transaction complexity, asset specificity, and technological change (JEL L22, L24, L51, L92).
Radium-223 in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scanning to assess response
Authors: Parker Chris , Tunariu Nina , Tovey Holly , Alonzi Roberto , Blackledge Matthew D , Cook Gary J R , Chua Sue , Du Yong , Hafeez Shaista , Murray Iain , Padhani Anwar R , Staffurth John , Tree Alison , Stidwill Helen , Finch Jessica , Curcean Andra , Chatfield Peter , Perry Sophie , Koh Dow-Mu , Hall Emma 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Radium-223 is a bone-seeking, ɑ-emitting radionuclide used to treat men with bone metastases from castration-resistant prostate cancer. Sclerotic bone lesions cannot be evaluated using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Therefore, imaging response biomarkers are needed.

Methods
We conducted a phase 2 randomized trial to assess disease response to radium-223. Men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and bone metastases were randomly allocated to 55 or 88 kBq/kg radium-223 every 4 weeks for 6 cycles. Whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) was performed at baseline, at cycles 2 and 4, and after treatment. The primary endpoint was defined as a 30% increase in global median apparent diffusion coefficient.

Results
Disease response on DWI was seen in 14 of 36 evaluable patients (39%; 95% confidence interval = 23% to 56%), with marked interpatient and intrapatient heterogeneity of response. There was an association between prostate-specific antigen response and MRI response (odds ratio = 18.5, 95% confidence interval = 1.32 to 258, P = .013). Mean administered activity of radium-223 per cycle was not associated with global MRI response (P = .216) but was associated with DWI response using a 5-target-lesion evaluation (P = .007). In 26 of 36 (72%) patients, new bone metastases, not present at baseline, were seen on DWI scans during radium-223 treatment.

Conclusions
DWI is useful for assessment of disease response in bone. Response to radium-223 is heterogeneous, both between patients and between different metastases in the same patient. New bone metastases appear during radium-223 treatment.
The REASURE trial is registered under ISRCTN17805587.
Homoplantaginin attenuates high glucose-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction via inhibiting store-operated calcium entry channel and endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Zhou Yanyan , Wang Lei , Liu Yuchen , Fan Lili , Zhang Xueying , Shi Qingru , Li Xulu , Lin Yining , Wu Feihua 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The activation of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) channel and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) induced by high glucose (HG) is recognized as a major cause of vascular endothelial dysfunction. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of homoplantaginin (Hom) on HG-induced endothelial dysfunction.

Methods
HG-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction model in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rat-isolated thoracic aortas were established to observe the protective effect of Hom, further evaluated the mechanism of SOCE channel and ERS in the pathogenesis.

Key findings
Hom increased the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and phospho-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS) in HUVECs and isolated rat thoracic aortas in a dose-dependent manner, restored acetylcholine-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Network pharmacology showed that the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications may involve calcium (Ca2+) signal pathway. Hom reduced Ca2+ concentration via blocking SOCE channel in HUVECs, and resisted ERS activation by down-regulating ERS-related proteins expression. Importantly, SKF96365 (SOCE inhibitor) intervention experiment showed that Hom inhibited ERS activation by blocking the SOCE channel, further increased the levels of NO and p-eNOS.

Conclusion
Hom could alleviate HG-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting SOCE channel and ERS. This provided a potential pharmacological intervention strategy for the treatment of vascular endothelial dysfunction.
Azimuthal temperature variations in ISO-Oph 2 from multifrequency ALMA observations
Authors: Casassus Simon , Cieza Lucas , Cárcamo Miguel , Ribas Álvaro , Christiaens Valentin , Rodríguez-Jiménez Abigali , Arce-Tord Carla , Bhowmik Trisha , Chavan Prachi , González-Ruilova Camilo , Martínez-Brunner Rafael 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Environmental effects, such as stellar fly-bys and external irradiation, are thought to affect the evolution of protoplanetary discs in clustered star formation. Previous Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) images at 225 GHz of the ISO-Oph 2 binary revealed a peculiar morphology in the disc of the primary, perhaps due to a possible fly-by with the secondary. Here, we report on new ALMA continuum observations of this system at 97.5, 145, and 405 GHz, which reveal strong morphological variations. Multifrequency positional alignment allows us to interpret these spectral variations in terms of underlying physical conditions. ISO-Oph 2A is remarkably offset from the centroid of its ring, at all frequencies, and the disc is lopsided, pointing at gravitational interactions. However, the dust temperature also varies in azimuth, with two peaks whose direction connects with HD 147889, the earliest-type star in the Ophiuchus complex, suggesting that it is the dominant heat source. The stellar environment of ISO-Oph 2 appears to drive both its density structure and its thermal balance.
beorn: a fast and flexible framework to simulate the epoch of reionization and cosmic dawn
Authors: Schaeffer Timothée , Giri Sambit K , Schneider Aurel 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
In this study, we introduce beorn (Bubbles during the Epoch of Reionization Numerical Simulator), a publicly available python code that generates three-dimensional maps of the 21-cm signal from the cosmic dawn and the epoch of reionization. Built upon N-body simulation outputs, beorn populates haloes with stars and galaxies based on a flexible source model. It then computes the evolution of Ly α coupling, temperature, and ionization profiles as a function of source properties, and paints these profiles around each source on to a three-dimensional grid. The code consistently deals with the overlap of ionized bubbles by redistributing photons around the bubble boundaries, thereby ensuring photon conservation. It accounts for the redshifting of photons and the source look-back effect for the temperature and Ly α coupling profiles that extend far into the intergalactic medium to scales of order 100 cMpc. We provide a detailed description of the code and compare it to results from the literature. After validation, we run three different benchmark models based on a cosmological N-body simulation. All three models agree with current observations from ultravoilet luminosity functions and estimates of the mean ionization fraction. Due to different assumptions regarding the small-mass stellar-to-halo relation, the X-ray flux emission, and the ionizing photon escape fraction, the models produce unique signatures ranging from a cold reionization with deep absorption trough to an emission-dominated 21-cm signal, broadly encompassing the current uncertainties at cosmic dawn. The code beorn is publicly available at https://github.com/cosmic-reionization/BEoRN.
No plateau observed in late-time near-infrared observations of the underluminous Type Ia supernova 2021qvv
Authors: Graur O , Padilla Gonzalez E , Burke J , Deckers M , Jha S W , Galbany L , Karamehmetoglu E , Stritzinger M D , Maguire K , Howell D A , Fisher R , Fullard A G , Handberg R , Hiramatsu D , Hosseinzadeh G , Kerzendorf W E , McCully C , Newsome M , Pellegrino C , Rest A , Riess A G , Seitenzahl I R , Shara M M , Shen K J , Terreran G , Zurek D R 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Near-infrared (NIR) observations of normal Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) obtained between 150 and 500 d past maximum light reveal the existence of an extended plateau. Here, we present observations of the underluminous, 1991bg-like SN 2021qvv. Early, ground-based optical and NIR observations show that SN 2021qvv is similar to SN 2006mr, making it one of the dimmest, fastest evolving 1991bg-like SNe to date. Late-time (170–250 d) Hubble Space Telescope observations of SN 2021qvv reveal no sign of a plateau. An extrapolation of these observations backwards to earlier-phase NIR observations of SN 2006mr suggests the complete absence of an NIR plateau, at least out to 250 d. This absence may be due to a higher ionization state of the ejecta, as predicted by certain sub-Chandrasekhar-mass detonation models, or to the lower temperatures of the ejecta of 1991bg-like SNe, relative to normal SNe Ia, which might preclude their becoming fluorescent and shifting ultraviolet light into the NIR. This suggestion can be tested by acquiring NIR imaging of a sample of 1991bg-like SNe that covers the entire range from slowly evolving to fast-evolving events (0.2 ≲ sBV ≲ 0.6). A detection of the NIR plateau in slower evolving, hotter 1991bg-like SNe would provide further evidence that these SNe exist along a continuum with normal SNe Ia. Theoretical progenitor and explosion scenarios would then have to match the observed properties of both SN Ia subtypes.
Inferring reionization and galaxy properties from the patchy kinetic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich signal
Authors: Nikolić Ivan , Mesinger Andrei , Qin Yuxiang , Gorce Adélie 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The patchy kinetic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (kSZ) signal is an integral probe of the timing and morphology of the epoch of reionization (EoR). Recent observations have claimed a low signal-to-noise (S/N) measurement, with a dramatic increase in S/N expected in the near future. In this work, we quantify what we can learn about the EoR from the kSZ signal. We perform Bayesian inference by sampling galaxy properties and using forward-models of the kSZ as well as other EoR and galaxy observations in the likelihood. Including the recent kSZ measurement obtained by the South Pole Telescope ($\mathcal {D}_{3000}^{\textrm {pkSZ}} = 1.1_{-0.7}^{+1.1} \mu$ K2) shifts the posterior distribution in favour of faster and later reionization models, resulting in lower values of the optical depth to the cosmic microwave background: $\tau _e = 0.052_{-0.008}^{+0.009}$ with a 68 per cent confidence interval (CI). The combined EoR and ultraviolet luminosity function observations also imply a typical ionizing escape fraction of $0.04_{-0.03}^{+0.05}$ (95 per cent CI), without a strong dependence on halo mass. We show how the patchy kSZ power from our posterior depends on the midpoint and duration of reionization: a popular parametrization of EoR timing. For a given midpoint and duration, the EoR morphology only has a few per cent impact on the patchy kSZ power in our posterior. However, a physical model is needed to obtain tight constraints from the current low S/N patchy kSZ measurement, as it allows us to take advantage of complimentary high-z observations. Future high S/N detections of the patchy kSZ should decrease the current uncertainties on the timing of the EoR by factors of ∼2–3.
Orbital architectures of Kepler multis from dynamical instabilities
Authors: Ghosh Tuhin , Chatterjee Sourav 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The high-multiplicity exoplanet systems are generally more tightly packed when compared to the solar system. Such compact multiplanet systems are often susceptible to dynamical instability. We investigate the impact of dynamical instability on the final orbital architectures of multiplanet systems using N-body simulations. Our models initially consist of six to ten planets placed randomly according to a power-law distribution of mutual Hill separations. We find that almost all of our model planetary systems go through at least one phase of dynamical instability, losing at least one planet. The orbital architecture, including the distributions of mutual Hill separations, planetary masses, orbital periods, and period ratios, of the transit-detectable model planetary systems closely resemble those of the multiplanet systems detected by Kepler. We find that without any formation-dependent input, a dynamically active past can naturally reproduce important observed trends including multiplicity-dependent eccentricity distribution, smaller eccentricities for larger planets, and intra-system uniformity. On the other hand, our transit-detectable planet populations lack the observed sub-population of eccentric single-transiting planets, pointing towards the ‘Kepler dichotomy’. These findings indicate that dynamical instabilities may have played a vital role in the final assembly of sub-Jovian planets.
Initial mass function variability from the integrated light of diverse stellar systems
Authors: Cheng Chloe M , Villaume Alexa , Balogh Michael L , Brodie Jean P , Martín-Navarro Ignacio , Romanowsky Aaron J , van Dokkum Pieter G 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a uniform analysis of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) from integrated light spectroscopy of 15 compact stellar systems (11 globular clusters in M31 and 4 ultra compact dwarfs in the Virgo cluster, UCDs) and two brightest Coma cluster galaxies (BCGs), covering a wide range of metallicities (−1.7 &lt; [Fe/H] &lt; 0.01) and velocity dispersions (7.4 km s−1 &lt;σ &lt; 275 km s−1). The S/N ∼100 Å−1 Keck LRIS spectra are fitted over the range 4000 &lt; λ/Å &lt; 10 000 with flexible full-spectrum stellar population synthesis models. We use the models to fit simultaneously for ages, metallicities, and individual elemental abundances of the population, allowing us to decouple abundance variations from variations in IMF slope. We show that compact stellar systems do not follow the same trends with physical parameters that have been found for early-type galaxies. Most globular clusters in our sample have an IMF consistent with that of the Milky Way, over a wide range of [Fe/H] and [Mg/Fe]. There is more diversity among the UCDs, with some showing evidence for a bottom-heavy IMF, but with no clear correlation with metallicity, abundance, or velocity dispersion. The two Coma BCGs have similar velocity dispersion and metallicity, but we find the IMF of NGC 4874 is consistent with that of the Milky Way while NGC 4889 presents evidence for a significantly bottom-heavy IMF. For this sample, the IMF appears to vary between objects in a way that is not explained by a single metallicity-dependent prescription.
Spectropolarimetric variability in the repeating fast radio burst source FRB 20180301A
Authors: Kumar P , Luo R , Price D C , Shannon R M , Deller A T , Bhandari S , Feng Y , Flynn C , Jiang J C , Uttarkar P A , Wang S Q , Zhang S B 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
As the sample size of repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs) has grown, an increasing diversity of phenomenology has emerged. Through long-term multi-epoch studies of repeating FRBs, it is possible to assess which phenomena are common to the population and which are unique to individual sources. We present a multi-epoch monitoring campaign of the repeating FRB source 20180301A using the ultra-wideband low (UWL) receiver observations with Murriyang, the Parkes 64-m radio telescope. The observations covered a wide frequency band spanning approximately 0.7–4 GHz, and yielded the detection of 46 bursts. None of the repeat bursts displayed radio emission in the range of 1.8–4 GHz, while the burst emission peaked at 1.1 GHz. We discover evidence for secular trends in the burst dispersion measure, indicating a decline at a rate of $-2.7\pm 0.2\, {\rm pc\, cm^{-3}\, yr^{-1}}$. We also found significant variation in the Faraday rotation measure of the bursts across the follow-up period, including evidence of a sign reversal. While a majority of bursts did not exhibit any polarization, those that did show a decrease in the linear polarization fraction as a function of frequency, consistent with spectral depolarization due to scattering, as observed in other repeating FRB sources. Surprisingly, no significant variation in the polarization position angles was found, which is in contrast with earlier measurements reported for the FRB source. We measure the burst rate and sub-pulse drift rate variation and compare them with the previous results. These novel observations, along with the extreme polarization properties observed in other repeating FRBs, suggest that a sub-sample of FRB progenitors possess highly dynamic magneto-ionic environments.
Compact groups from semi-analytical models of galaxy formation – IV: Effect of group assembly on the evolution of their galaxies
Authors: Zandivarez A , Díaz-Giménez E , Taverna A , Mamon G A 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Using over 3000 compact groups (CGs) of galaxies extracted from mock catalogues built from semi-analytical models (SAMs) of galaxy formation, we study whether the CG assembly channel affects the z = 0 properties of galaxies and their evolution. The evolution of CG galaxy properties with time is a clear function of their stellar masses. For instance, high-stellar-mass CG galaxies have lived their last 8 Gyr with little cold gas content while maintaining their reservoir of hot gas, while low-mass CG galaxies still preserve some of their cold gas content at the present but they have completely drained their hot gas reservoir. Beyond that, we find that the evolution of CG galaxies is also a function of the assembly history of the CGs: with more extreme losses of gas content, faster mass gain rates for black holes and more marked suppression of star formation as a function of cosmic time as we go from recent to early CG assembly. Thus, CGs constitute another laboratory for galaxy assembly bias, as the later assembling groups have later star formation. Our results show that classifying CGs according to their assembly channel is a way of distinguishing different paths by which galaxies transform their properties throughout their history.
Organic solvents and Multiple Sclerosis: the doubled risk dilemma
Authors: Seaton A , Baker D , Hedstrom A K , Alfredsson L , Schmierer K 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Compensation for industrial disease in the UK may be obtained in two ways. A State scheme includes a list of accepted associations between occupations and diseases with evidence of a causative association. Epidemiological evidence of a doubled risk in the occupation concerned is usually required. This takes no account of variation of exposures within occupations, excluding many occupations where risk is less than doubled. In such cases, compensation for a perceived industrial illness may be obtained in Civil Courts, where excessive exposures can be considered.

Aims
To show that in the Civil Courts evidence of excessive exposure may lead to compensation for diseases which are not yet compensable as Industrial Injuries in the UK and to draw attention to the association of multiple sclerosis (MS) with solvent exposure.

Methods
We report the case of an industrial spray painter, who claimed his MS had been caused by high-level exposure to organic solvents, and our examination of the epidemiological evidence submitted.

Results
The painter received compensation by an out-of-court settlement, despite the overall epidemiological risk in relation to solvent exposure having been shown to be less than doubled. The evidence hinged on individual risk in relation to high exposure, genetic susceptibility and demonstration of a plausible mechanism.

Conclusions
High organic solvent exposure may lead to the development of MS. Those giving evidence in Court need to be able to discuss the epidemiological and toxicological issues in relation to exposure in the individual case.