bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guselkumab: A New Therapeutic Option for the Treatment of Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Bhat Shubha , Choi David 
Published: January 2025

Objective: To summarize the evidence and pharmacologic profile of guselkumab for moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC). Data sources: A PubMed search from inception to end of October 2024 using keywords guselkumab, UC, and interleukin (IL) was conducted. Additional information was obtained from abstracts and package insert. Study selection and data extraction: Phase 2/3 studies plus applicable literature on guselkumab pharmacologic and clinical profile were included. Data synthesis: Approval was based on the QUASAR program, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 trial assessing guselkumab’s efficacy and safety in adults with moderately to severely active UC who had inadequate response or intolerance to conventional therapies, biologics (excluding IL antagonists), or Janus Kinase inhibitors. Results indicated that guselkumab led to higher clinical remission rates at week 12 and 44 compared to placebo, along with improvements in clinical response, symptomatic remission, endoscopic improvement, and histologic normalization. Common adverse effects included respiratory tract infections, injection site reactions, and arthralgia. Relevance to patient care and clinical practice in comparison to existing drugs: Guselkumab is the fourth IL antagonist approved for UC, and the first to target CD64 (cells involved in IL-23 production). With its dual mechanism, guselkumab is hypothesized to neutralize IL-23 at production and reduce inflammatory response. The QUASAR findings suggest guselkumab can provide durable clinical remission and histologic normalization, addressing a significant gap in UC treatment. Conclusion: As the latest addition to UC therapies, guselkumab presents improved efficacy and dosing flexibility without introducing any new safety concerns compared to existing agents.
Comparison of intravenous dexmedetomidine and ketamine with femoral nerve block for positional pain before spinal anaesthesia in patients with fracture femur: A prospective randomised study
Authors: Ch V Jyotsna , Nikhar Sapna Annaji , Kar Akhya Kumar , Durga Padmaja 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Patient positioning for spinal anaesthesia in patients with femur fracture is extremely painful and various methods have been tried to reduce mobilisation pain. Aim: To compare the analgesic efficacy of intravenous dexmedetomidine, ketamine and femoral nerve block in patients posted for fractured femur for alleviating the positional pain before spinal anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 75 patients (25 per group) of American Society of Anaesthetists Grade I–III patients of age group 18–80 years with fractured femur scheduled for elective surgery. All patients in Group C (n = 25) were given the femoral nerve block, Group D (n = 25) were given intravenous dexmedetomidine 0.5µg/kg and Group K (n = 25) were given intravenous ketamine 0.3mg/kg. The parameters assessed were quantitative relief of pain by a numerical rating scale and patient satisfaction score, quality of patient positioning and time to perform spinal anaesthesia along with hemodynamics and sedation score. Results: The pain scores and patient satisfaction scores were significantly decreased in all three groups but were much significantly lower in Group K. Conclusion: Ketamine was found to be superior to the other two groups in terms of reducing positional pain.
Liquid Biopsy for Spinal Tumors: On the Frontiers of Clinical Application
Authors: Tan Sze Kiat , Bettegowda Chetan , Yip Stephen , Sahgal Arjun , Rhines Laurence , Reynolds Jeremy , Lazary Aron , Laufer Ilya , Gasbarrini Alessandro , Dea Nicolas , Verlaan J. J. , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Fisher Charles G. , Boriani Stefano , Cecchinato Riccardo , Goodwin Matthew L. , Goodwin C. Rory , Charest-Morin Raphaële 
Published: January 2025

Study Design Narrative review. Objectives This article aims to provide a narrative review of the current state of research for liquid biopsy in spinal tumors and to discuss the potential application of liquid biopsy in the clinical management of patients with spinal tumors. Methods A comprehensive review of the literature was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases, and the review was limited to articles of English language. All the relevant articles which were identified to be related to liquid biomarker study in spinal tumors, were studied in full text. Results Liquid biopsy has revolutionized the field of precision medicine by guiding personalized clinical management of cancer patients based on the liquid biomarker status. In recent years, more research has been done to investigate its potential utilization in patients with tumors from the spine. Herein, we review the liquid biomarkers that have been proposed in different spine malignancies including chordoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, astrocytoma and ependymoma. We also discuss the wide window of opportunity to utilize these liquid biomarkers in diagnosis, treatment response, monitoring, and detection of minimal residual disease in patients with spinal tumors. Conclusions Liquid biomarkers, especially blood-derived circulating tumor DNA, has a promising clinical utility as they are disease-specific, minimally invasive, and the procedure is repeatable. Prospective studies with larger populations are needed to fully establish its use in the setting of spinal tumors.
Nomogram for predicting nutritional risk of cognitive impairment
Authors: Chen Yuhang , Diao Junlin , Ren Xuezhuang , Wei Chunxiang , Zhou Xue 
Published: January 2025

Background Cognitive impairment patients are prone to malnutrition, which further promotes cognitive decline. Cognitive impairment patients are unable to accurately answer subjective questions in the nutrition screening scale. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a nutritional risk prediction model using objective evaluation indicators to evaluate the nutritional status of cognitive impairment patients during hospitalization. Objective To develop a nomogram for prediction of the nutritional risk in cognitive impairment patients. Methods The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used for regression analysis, and predictive factors were selected based on 10-fold cross validation. Then, using the selected predictive factors, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain the final clinical prediction model. Moreover, the performance of the model was evaluated from receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis. Further assessment was conducted through internal validation. Results Six predictive factors were selected from 20 variables through LASSO, including body mass index, age, triglyceride, taking cognitive-improving drugs, controlling nutritional status, and geriatric nutritional risk index. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the training cohort was 0.91, while the validation cohort was 0.88, indicating that the model constructed with 6 predictors had moderate predictive ability. The decision curve analysis showed that the threshold range for both groups was 0.00–0.80, with the highest net benefit 0.76 for training cohort, while 0.77 for validation cohort. Conclusions Introducing six predictive factors, the risk nomogram is useful for predicting nutritional risk of cognitive impairment.
Acute macular neuroretinopathy occurrence in a Behçet disease patient: a case report
Authors: Mabchour Ayman , Ould Hamou Moncef , Correa Simon , Willermain François , Kisma Nacima 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To report the occurrence of AMN (Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy) in a Behçet Disease (BD) patient during an active systemic inflammatory relapse and to describe the SD-OCT features of this entity.

Patients and methods
Retrospective observational case report of a patient who presented with an AMN during a BD associated ocular inflammation (Saint Pierre Hospital, Brussels, Belgium). Clinical record and imaging, including infrared reflectance image (IR) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), were analyzed.

Results
A 25-year-old man presented with an acute right eye scotoma due to AMN in the setting of active systemic BD. Oral corticosteroid therapy and corticosteroid sparing agents (azathioprine) were prescribed. Close observation revealed progressive lesion regression.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the association between AMN and BD may occur in the context of active systemic disease, though further studies are required to better establish this link. Vigilance appears warranted during inflammatory episodes in BD, as they might contribute to such manifestations. Clinicians could consider BD as a potential differential diagnosis in patients presenting with features suggestive of AMN, and neurological involvement may merit cerebral imaging to exclude other causes. Additionally, the management of posterior uveitis in BD, if present, may benefit from timely and targeted treatment. Further investigations are necessary to refine management strategies for AMN in patients with BD.
Genetic determinants of silver nanoparticle resistance and the impact of gamma irradiation on nanoparticle stability
Authors: Mahfouz Amira M. , Eraqi Walaa A. , El Hifnawi Hala Nour El Din , Shawky Alaa El Din , Samir Reham , Ramadan Mohamed A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
One of the main issues facing public health with microbial infections is antibiotic resistance. Nanoparticles (NPs) are among the best alternatives to overcome this issue. Silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) preparations are widely applied to treat multidrug-resistant pathogens. Therefore, there is an urgent need for greater knowledge regarding the effects of improper and excessive use of these medications. The current study describes the consequences of long-term exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of AgNPs on the bacterial sensitivity to NPs and the reflection of this change on the bacterial genome.

Results
Chemical methods have been used to prepare AgNPs and gamma irradiation has been utilized to produce more stable AgNPs. Different techniques were used to characterize and identify the prepared AgNPs including UV-visible spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed 50–100 nm spherical-shaped AgNPs. Eleven gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial isolates were collected from different wound infections. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of AgNPs against the tested isolates were evaluated using the agar dilution method. This was followed by the induction of bacterial resistance to AgNPs using increasing concentrations of AgNPs. All isolates changed their susceptibility level to become resistant to high concentrations of AgNPs upon recultivation at increasing concentrations of AgNPs. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on selected susceptible isolates of gram-positive Staphylococcus lentus (St.L.1), gram-negative Klebsiella pneumonia (KP.1), and their resistant isolates St.L_R.Ag and KP_R.Ag to detect the genomic changes and mutations.

Conclusions
For the detection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the identification of all variants (SNPs, insertions, and deletions) in our isolates, the Variation Analysis Service tool available in the Bacterial and Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center (BV-BRC) was used. Compared to the susceptible isolates, the AgNPs-resistant isolates St.L_R.Ag and KP_R.Ag had unique mutations in specific efflux pump systems, stress response, outer membrane proteins, and permeases. These findings might help to explain how single-nucleotide variants contribute to AgNPs resistance. Consequently, strict regulations and rules regarding the use and disposal of nano waste worldwide, strict knowledge of microbe-nanoparticle interaction, and the regulated disposal of NPs are required to prevent pathogens from developing nanoparticle resistance.
Fast, bioluminescent blinks attract group members of the nocturnal flashlight fish Anomalops katoptron (Bleeker, 1856)
Authors: Jägers Peter , Herlitze Stefan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
During their nighttime shoaling, the flashlight fish Anomalops katoptron produce fascinating, bioluminescent blink patterns, which have been related to the localization of food, determination of nearest neighbor distance, and initiation of the shoal’s movement direction. Information transfer e.g., via alarm signals is an important aspect in group living species especially when being under threat. In dark environments, bioluminescence has the potential to accurately transfer such information. Under threat A. katoptron show increased swimming speeds and a higher group cohesion accompanied by fast blink frequencies.

Results
In this study we used a two-choice paradigm to test the preferences for typical blink characteristics e.g., frequency and duration. Our data show that individuals decided within short periods (< 4 s) for faster blink frequencies of artificial light organs and the preference for the higher blink frequencies became more pronounced as the difference between the presented frequencies increased. The preference correlated with the frequency rather than the duration.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that fast, bioluminescent blinks of light organs lead to aggregations of A. katoptron.
Emotion dysregulation and impulsivity as overlapping symptoms in adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder: severity profiles and associations with childhood traumatization and personality functioning
Authors: Kenézlői Eszter , Balogh Lívia , Somogyi Szilvia , Lévay Evelyn E. , Halmai Zsuzsa , Nemoda Zsófia , Unoka Zsolt S. , Réthelyi János M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Increased levels of emotion dysregulation and impulsive behavior are overlapping symptoms in adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (aADHD) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), both symptom domains reflecting on inhibitory control, although from different angles. Our aims were to describe their differences in the above conditions, investigate their associations with childhood traumatization, and to explore the potential mediation of emotion dysregulation and impulsivity between childhood traumas and personality functioning.

Methods
Young adults between 18 and 36 years diagnosed with aADHD (n = 100) and BPD (n = 63) were investigated with structured clinical interviews, while age-matched healthy controls (n = 100) were screened for psychiatric disorders. Patients with aADHD-BPD comorbidity were excluded from further analyses. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, the Level of Personality Functioning Scale, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form were administered to investigate trait measures and childhood traumatization, respectively. Behavioral impulsivity and delay aversion were assessed using selected tests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, and a computerized decision-making paradigm based on the Rogers decision-making task, respectively.

Results
Significantly higher levels of emotion dysregulation and impulsivity were present both in the aADHD and BPD groups, however with different profiles. Waiting and stopping impulsivity was selectively higher among aADHD patients compared to healthy controls. The BPD group reported higher levels of emotion dysregulation in all domains, and demonstrated increased delay aversion among uncertain conditions in decision-making. Higher levels of childhood trauma were associated with emotion dysregulation, trait impulsivity, and delay aversion across groups. Emotion regulatory capacity played a significant mediating role between childhood traumatization and the level of personality functioning.

Conclusions
Inhibitory control profiles of the aADHD and BPD groups were divergent. Childhood traumatization was associated with lower levels of personality functioning in adulthood, independently of diagnosis, an effect mediated more by emotion dysregulation, rather than impulsivity. These findings have various clinical implications for the treatment of aADHD and BPD, including psychoeducation, pharmacological interventions, and psychotherapy targeting specific symptom domains.
Finding the right dose: a scoping review examining facilitation as an implementation strategy for evidence-based stroke care
Authors: Fasugba Oyebola , Cheng Heilok , Dale Simeon , Coughlan Kelly , McInnes Elizabeth , Cadilhac Dominique A. , Cheung Ngai W. , Hill Kelvin , Page Kirsty , Menendez Estela Sanjuan , Neal Emily , Pollnow Vivien , Slark Julia , Gilder Eileen , Ranta Anna , Levi Christopher , Grimshaw Jeremy M. , Middleton Sandy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Despite evidence supporting interventions that improve outcomes for patients with stroke, their implementation remains suboptimal. Facilitation can support implementation of research into clinical practice by helping people develop the strategies to implement change. However, variability in the amount (dose) and type of facilitation activities/facilitator roles that make up the facilitation strategies (content), may affect the effectiveness of facilitation. This review aimed to determine if, and how, facilitation dose is measured or reported and the type of facilitation strategies used to support adoption of stroke interventions in hospitals and subacute settings. We also assessed whether the included studies had reporting checklists or guidelines.

Methods
The scoping review was based on Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. Cochrane, CINAHL and MEDLINE databases were searched to identify randomised trials and quasi-experimental studies of stroke interventions published between January 2017 and July 2023. Accompanying publications (quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods or process evaluation papers) from eligible studies were also included. Narrative data synthesis was undertaken.

Results
Ten studies (23 papers) from 649 full-text papers met the inclusion criteria. Only two studies reported the total facilitation dose, measured as the frequency and duration of facilitation encounters. Authors of the remaining eight studies reported only the frequency and/or duration of varying facilitation activities but not the total dose. The facilitation activities included remote external facilitator support via ongoing telecommunication (phone calls, emails, teleconferences), continuous engagement from on-site internal facilitators, face-to-face workshops and/or education sessions from external or internal facilitators. Facilitator roles were broad: site-specific briefing, action planning and/or goal setting; identifying enablers and barriers to change; coaching, training, education or feedback; and network support. Only two studies included reporting checklists/guidelines to support researchers to describe interventions and implementation studies in sufficient detail to enable replication.

Conclusions
There is a paucity of information on the measurement of facilitation dose and reporting on specific details of facilitation activities in stroke implementation studies. Detailed reporting of dose and content is needed to improve the scientific basis of facilitation as strategic support to enable improvements to stroke care. Development of a standardised measurement approach for facilitation dose would inform future research and translation of findings.
Electroacupuncture alleviates paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy by reducing CCL2-mediated macrophage infiltration in sensory ganglia and sciatic nerve
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Xu Ruoyao , Chen Muyan , Zheng Kaige , Nie Huimin , Yin Chengyu , Liu Boyu , Tai Yan , Du Junying , Wang Jie , Fang Jianqiao , Liu Boyi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is prevalent among patients receiving paclitaxel chemotherapy, which results in sensory abnormality as well as neuropathic pain. Conventional medications lack effectiveness on PIPN. Clinical trials identified beneficial effects of acupuncture on PIPN among patients receiving chemotherapy. Here we explored the mechanisms underlying how acupuncture might alleviate PIPN.

Methods
A mouse model of PIPN was established by repeated paclitaxel application. Electroacupuncture (EA) was applied at ST36 and BL60 acupoints of model mice. Immunostaining, flow cytometry, behavioral assay, in vivo imaging were utilized for effects determination and mechanism exploration.

Results
EA ameliorated mechanical and cold pain hypersensitivities, reduced sensory neuron damage and improved loss in intra-epidermal nerve fibers (IENFs) in model mice. Macrophages infiltration were detected in DRG and sciatic nerve of model mice, which was reduced by EA. EA affected M1-like pro-inflammatory macrophage infiltration in DRG, whereas it did not affect M2-like macrophages. DRG neurons released chemoattractant CCL2 that recruited macrophages via CCR2 to DRG. EA reduced CCL2 overproduction by DRG neurons and reduced macrophage infiltration. Blocking CCR2 mimicked EA’s anti-allodynic effect, whereas exogenously applying recombinant CCL2 reversed the ameliorative effect of EA on macrophage infiltration and abolished EA’s anti-allodynia on model mice. EA ameliorated other signs of PIPN, including sensory neuron damage, sciatic nerve morphology impairment and IENFs loss. In mice inoculated with breast cancer cells, EA didn’t affect paclitaxel-induced antitumor effect.

Conclusions
These findings suggest EA alleviates PIPN by reducing CCL2/CCR2 mediated-pro-inflammatory macrophage infiltration into sensory ganglia as well as the sciatic nerve. Our study supports EA could be used as a potential non-pharmacological therapy for PIPN.
Management of female para-urethral cyst with dyspareunia: a case report
Authors: Deepak Manoj Kumar , Meyyappan R. M. , Kumar T. Senthil , Saravanan J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The diagnosis and management of female genital conditions (Rodriguez et al. in Clin Anat 34(1):103–107, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.23654) are often challenging. The atypical presentations, combined with patient hesitancy to be subjected to an examination by a male urologist, are factors that limit a timely diagnosis. Para-urethral cysts (Pastor and Chmel in Int Urogynecol J 29(5):621–629, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-017-3527-9) are often incidentally detected by gynecologists during pelvic examination for other reasons. Patients rarely present with complaints of lower urinary tract symptoms and dyspareunia affecting sexual life. Diagnosis in most instances can be made by physical examination but often a detailed evaluation with ultrasonography, voiding cystourethrogram, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging is needed. The definitive management of symptomatic para-urethral cysts is through surgical excision.

Objective
This report aims to reflect clinically upon a rare pathology of the female genital system.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 36-year-old, sexually active, Indian (Asian) woman with a 6-month history of progressively worsening lower urinary tract symptoms, consisting of dysuria, post-micturition dribble, increased urination frequency, and significant dyspareunia. Physical examination in the lithotomy position revealed a cystic lesion located in the midline slightly to the left of the anterior vaginal wall. Magnetic resonance imaging also revealed a T2/T1 hyperintense lesion located below the level of the pubic symphysis. The patient was posted for exploration under anesthesia and the cyst was excised completely. The histopathology findings were consistent with para-urethral gland cyst with ulceration and squamous metaplasia.

Conclusion
Any lower urinary tract symptoms in a woman needs thorough clinical examination. Association of para-urethral cyst with lower urinary tract symptoms and dyspareunia is rare, and if present, always warrants surgical excision.