bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic features help to identify the histopathological patterns of colorectal polyps in Cronkhite–Canada syndrome
Authors: Xu Qiu Shi , You Yan , Liu Shuang , You Wen , Zhang Sheng Yu , Li Jing Nan , Yang Ai Ming , Li Ji , Qian Jia Ming 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesCronkhite–Canada syndrome (CCS) is a rare nonhereditary gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis syndrome with a high risk of colorectal cancerogenesis. It is challenging to discriminate adenomas from nonneoplastic colorectal polyps macroscopically. This study aimed to explore the endoscopic features of different histopathological patterns of colorectal polyps in CCS.MethodsSixty‐seven lesions from 23 CCS patients were prospectively biopsied or resected during the colonoscopic examination for histopathological analysis. The Fisher's exact test and multivariate logistical analysis were conducted to reveal the predictive endoscopic features of CCS polyps with low‐grade dysplasia (LGD) and adenomas.ResultsThere were seven (10.4%) adenomas, 20 (29.9%) CCS‐LGD, and 40 (59.7%) nonneoplastic CCS polyps. Polyps were large (>20 mm) in none of the adenomas, 30.0% of CCS‐LGD polyps, and 2.5% of nonneoplastic CCS polyps (P < 0.001). The color of the polyps was whitish for 71.4% of adenomas, 10.0% of CCS‐LGD polyps, and 15.0% of nonneoplastic CCS polyps (P = 0.004). Pedunculated polyps were detected in 42.9% of adenomas, 45.0% of CCS‐LGD polyps, and 5.0% of nonneoplastic CCS polyps (P < 0.001). The proportions of types IV and VI in the Kudo classification were 42.9%, 95.0%, and 35.0% in adenomatous, CCS‐LGD, and nonneoplastic CCS polyps, respectively (P = 0.002). The endoscopic activity was in remission for 71.4% of adenomas, 5.0% of CCS‐LGD polyps, and 10.0% of nonneoplastic CCS polyps (P < 0.001).ConclusionEndoscopic features, including the size, color, sessility, Kudo's pit pattern classification of polyps, and endoscopic activity, help identify the histopathological patterns of colorectal polyps in CCS.
Cardiovascular risk factors among Jordanian patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A cohort study
Authors: Al Zo’ubi Mazen , Al Tarawneh Bushra , Al Zaydi Marwan , Al Daoud Shadi , Awida Majid Abu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo determine the frequency of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Jordan.MethodDuring this study, 158 patients with RA were enlisted from the outpatient rheumatology clinic at King Hussein Hospital of the Jordanian Medical Services, from 1 June 2021, to 31 December 2021. Demographic data and disease duration were recorded. After 14 h of fasting, venous blood samples were drawn to determine the levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, high‐density lipoprotein, and low‐density lipoprotein. History of smoking, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension was recorded. Body mass index and Framingham's 10‐year risk score (FRS) were calculated for each patient. Disease duration was noted.ResultsThe mean age of the male population was 49.29 years and that of the female population was 46.06 years. Most of the study population were female (78.5%) and 27.2% of the study population had one modifiable risk factor. The most frequent risk factors observed in the study were obesity (38%) and dyslipidemia (38%). Diabetes mellitus was the least frequent risk factor, with a frequency of 14.6%. The FRS differed significantly between the sexes, with the risk score of men being 9.80, whereas that of women was 5.34 (p < .00). Regression analysis revealed that age increased the odds ratio of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, and a high‐to‐moderate FRS by 0.7%, 10.9%, 0.33%, and 10.3%, respectively.ConclusionRheumatoid arthritis patients have increased chances of developing cardiovascular risk factors leading to cardiovascular events.
Avoidable hospital admissions depend on the primary healthcare governance model? A global health perspective from Europe countries
Authors: Magalhães João Paulo , Pestana Joana , Silva Renato Lourenço , Pereira António , Biscaia André 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrimary healthcare (PHC) governance model, namely its financing scheme, might impact the health outcomes, particularly in chronic conditions, through avoidable hospital admissions (AvH). Therefore, the study aims to assess how the PHC financial governance model determines AvH, as well as how this interacts with the health system financing (HSF) scheme. An observational study comparing the GP employment type (publicly and self/privately) with asthma and COPD, and Diabetes AvH per 100,000 habitants in 26 countries of the European Region, was performed. It considered 4 regression models with structural determinants, service delivery and HSF schemes. GP self/privately employed group associated with social health insurance scheme was significantly associated with higher total AvH (OR = 28.27 [CI 95% 2.34–77.54]), and for asthma and COPD AvH (OR = 21.88 [CI 95% 6.69–180.18]). Diabetes AvH were significantly associated with increasing GP outpatient coverage (model 1) and GP availability (model 2) under a GP self/privately employed group (respectively, OR = 17.01 [CI 95% 3.67–20.63] and OR = 17.80 [CI 95% 8.12–130.35]). The study evidenced that publicly employed GPs working in a tax‐based HSF scheme ensure better health outcomes for the population. Although some limitations of equity and categorisation, the results show that the governance model might influence population health outcomes.
Upper gastrointestinal series in healthy neonates with bilious vomiting—is it still obvious? A retrospective observational study
Authors: Eshel Fuhrer Audelia , Doyev Reut , Koppelmann Tal , Shiran Shelly I. , Herzlich Jacky , Mandel Dror , Sukhotnik Igor , Marom Ronella 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimDemand for upper gastrointestinal contrast series (UGI) to investigate bilious vomiting (BV) has increased in recent years, mostly due to greater awareness of the need to rule out malrotation and midgut volvulus (MGV). We aimed to examine predictive value of clinical parameters in the management of healthy neonates presenting with BV and re‐assess the role of UGI in their management.MethodsA retrospective cohort study including medical, imaging and surgical data of neonates who underwent UGI due to BV.ResultsA total of 157 term neonates, eight neonates (5.1%) had confirmed surgical diagnosis of malrotation, five of them had malrotation with MGV, including two neonates who underwent extensive intestinal resection due to necrosis. Neonates with a combination of abnormal plain radiograph and abdominal distention had 10 times higher odds of malrotation diagnosis, adjusting for age at first BV (p = 0.017). Neonates with a combination of abnormal plain radiograph, abdominal distention and abdominal tenderness had 25 times higher odds of MGV (p = 0.002).ConclusionThis study reaffirms the role of UGI as the current main diagnostic tool for malrotation and MGV. Physical examination and plain radiograph findings can help but cannot substitute UGI study.
Ultrasound‐assessed lung aeration, oxygenation and respiratory care in neonatal bile acid pneumonia: A nested case–control study
Authors: Regiroli Giulia , La Malfa Giulia , Loi Barbara , Vivanti Alexandre , Centorrino Roberta , De Luca Daniele 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimNeonatal bile acid pneumonia (NBAP) occurs in neonates following obstetric cholestasis. We aimed to study the lung aeration and respiratory support of NBAP.MethodsNested, case/control study enrolling age‐matched neonates with NBAP, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) or transient tachypnoea (TTN). Lung aeration and oxygenation were assessed with lung ultrasound score, oxygenation index and SpO2/FiO2.ResultsNineteen, 22 and 25 neonates with NBAP, RDS and TTN, respectively were studied (mean gestational age = 33 (2.2) weeks, 30 (45.5%) males). Upon admission, RDS patients had the worst lung ultrasound score (p = 0.022) and oxygenation index (p = 0.001), while NBAP and TTN neonates had similar values. At the worst time‐point, NBAP and RDS patients showed similar oxygenation index (NBAP: 4.6 [2], RDS: 5.7 [3]) and SpO2/FiO2 (NBAP: 3.1 [1.1], RDS: 2.7 [1]) which were worse than those of TTN patients (oxygenation index: p = 0.015, SpO2/FiO2: p = 0.001). RDS neonates needed the longest continuous positive airway pressure and highest mean airway pressure, but NBAP neonates needed invasive ventilation (26.3%, p = 0.01) and surfactant (31.6%, p = 0.003) more often than TTN patients who never needed these.ConclusionNBAP was a mild disorder in the first hours of life but subsequently worsened and became similar to RDS.
Use of deprescribing search filters in systematic review search strategies: A case study
Authors: Morel Thomas , Heinrich Clara H. , Zerah Lorène , Hurley Eoin , Christiaens Antoine , Fournier Jean‐Pascal 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTwo deprescribing search filters for MEDLINE and one deprescribing search filter for Embase have been recently developed, including objectively developed search filters. The objective of this case study was to implement these three deprescribing search filters in systematic review (SR) search strategies and to assess their effect on performances. SR that independently developed original search strategies (OSS) were selected. The deprescribing filters were implemented in each OSS, generating two implemented search strategies (ISS1 and ISS2) in MEDLINE and one ISS (ISS3) in Embase. OSS were re‐run on the same date as ISS. The performances of ISS and OSS were calculated and compared. Two SR were included (SR1 and SR2). For MEDLINE, SR1 included 12 articles. The sensitivity was 50% for OSS, 58% for ISS1 and 42% for ISS2. SR2 included four articles. The sensitivity of OSS, ISS 1 and 2 was 25%. For Embase, SR1 included 12 articles. The sensitivity was 33% for OSS and 58% for ISS3. SR2 included four articles. None of the four included articles were retrieved with OSS or ISS3. While sensitivity of OSS was moderate, the objectively developed deprescribing filters maintained or slightly improved this sensitivity when implementing.
A randomized controlled trial comparing myoinositol with metformin versus metformin monotherapy in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Nazirudeen Roshan , Sridhar Subbiah , Priyanka Raghavendran , Sumathi Baskaran , Natarajan Vasanthiy , Subbiah Eagappan , Raghavan Kasthuri Santharam , Sangumani Jayaraman 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveInsulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia plays an important role in pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Metformin, Myoinositol and d‐chiro‐inositol acts as insulin sensitizers and exerts a beneficial effects in PCOS. The objective is to compare the effect of metformin monotherapy versus a combination of metformin with Myoinositol and d‐chiro‐inositol in PCOS.DesignThis study is a randomized controlled trial conducted over a period of 6 months. All overweight and obese women with PCOS with the age group between 18 and 35 were included and randomized into two groups, 27 in the metformin monotherapy arm and 26 in the myoinositol combination arm.Patients and MeasurementsThe variables assessed were duration of menstrual cycle, anthropometric parameters, modified Ferriman Gallwey score, global acne score, Fasting insulin, HOMA‐IR, fasting lipid profile, serum testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, anti‐Mullerian hormone, and pelvic ultrasound to assess ovarian volume, PCOS Questionnaire score. Changes in the parameters from baseline at the end of 6 months of treatment were assessed and compared between the groups.ResultsMenstrual cycle regularity improved in both groups with significantly greater improvement in the group receiving myoinositol‐based therapy (p < .001). Pregnancy rate was equal in both the arms. There was a significant improvement in PCOSQ score in myoinositol‐based therapy group (p < .001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in other hormonal, metabolic parameters between two groups in spite of symptomatic benefits.ConclusionsThe addition of myoinositol to metformin exerts additional benefits in improving menstrual cycle regularity, and quality of life in women with PCOS.
rTMS ameliorates depressive‐like behaviors and regulates the gut microbiome and medium‐ and long‐chain fatty acids in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress
Authors: Zhou Cui‐Hong , Chen Yi‐Huan , Xue Shan‐Shan , Shi Qing‐Qing , Guo Lin , Yu Huan , Xue Fen , Cai Min , Wang Hua‐Ning , Peng Zheng‐Wu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a clinically useful therapy for depression. However, the effects of rTMS on the metabolism of fatty acids (FAs) and the composition of gut microbiota in depression are not well established.MethodsMice received rTMS (15 Hz, 1.26 T) for seven consecutive days after exposure to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). The subsequent depressive‐like behaviors, the composition of gut microbiota of stool samples, as well as medium‐ and long‐chain fatty acids (MLCFAs) in the plasma, prefrontal cortex (PFC), and hippocampus (HPC) were evaluated.ResultsCUMS induced remarkable changes in gut microbiotas and fatty acids, specifically in community diversity of gut microbiotas and PUFAs in the brain. 15 Hz rTMS treatment alleviates depressive‐like behaviors and partially normalized CUMS induced alterations of microbiotas and MLCFAs, especially the abundance of Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the hippocampus and PFC.ConclusionThese findings revealed that the modulation of gut microbiotas and PUFAs metabolism might partly contribute to the antidepressant effect of rTMS.
TL1A promotes the postoperative cognitive dysfunction in mice through NLRP3‐mediated A1 differentiation of astrocytes
Authors: Wang Genghuan , Shen Jian , Zhai Liping , Lin Yingcong , Guan Qiaobing , Shen Heping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimWe investigated the mechanism, whereby tumor necrosis factor‐like ligand 1A (TL1A) mediates the A1 differentiation of astrocytes in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).MethodsThe cognitive and behavioral abilities of mice were assessed by Morris water maze and open field tests, while the levels of key A1 and A2 astrocyte factors were detected by RT‐qPCR. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to examine the expression of GFAP, western blot was used to assay the levels of related proteins, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of inflammatory cytokines.ResultsThe results showed that TL1A could promote the progression of cognitive dysfunction in mice. Astrocytes differentiated into A1 phenotype, while unobvious changes were noted in astrocyte A2 biomarkers. Knockout of NLRP3 or intervention with NLRP3 inhibitor could inhibit the effect of TL1A, improving the cognitive dysfunction and suppressing the A1 differentiation.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that TL1A plays an important role in POCD in mice, which promotes the A1 differentiation of astrocytes through NLRP3, thereby exacerbating the progression of cognitive dysfunction.
Perceived economic prospects during the early stage of COVID‐19 breakout
Authors: Li Keyang , Qin Yu , Wu Jing , Yan Jubo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHow does a new epidemic affect individuals' expectations on economic prospects in the early stage of the breakout? We implemented an incentivized longitudinal online survey soon after the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) epidemic in China to answer this question. Results show that fewer new confirmed COVID‐19 cases significantly increase individuals' expectations on gross domestic product and consumer price index growth rates. Our finding provides evidence that at the early stage of an unfamiliar epidemic, containing the spread of the disease may help to maintain positive economic expectations among individuals.
Global patterns of phylogenetic relatedness of invasive flowering plants
Authors: Qian Hong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimThe ability of predicting which naturalized non‐native species are likely to become invasive can help manage and prevent species invasions. The goal of this study is to test whether invasive angiosperm (flowering plant) species are a phylogenetically clustered subset of naturalized species at global, continental and regional scales, and to assess the relationships of phylogenetic relatedness of invasive species with climate condition (temperature and precipitation).LocationGlobal.Time periodCurrent.TaxonAngiosperms (flowering plants).MethodsThe globe is divided into 290 regions, which are grouped into seven biogeographic (continental) regions. Two phylogenetic metrics (net relatedness index and nearest taxon index), which represent different evolutionary depths, are used to quantify phylogenetic relatedness of invasive angiosperms, with respect to different tailor‐made species pools. Phylogenetic relatedness of invasive angiosperms is related to climatic variables.ResultsThe global assemblage of invasive angiosperm species is a strongly phylogenetically clustered subset of the species of the entire global angiosperm flora. Most invasive angiosperm assemblages are a phylogenetically clustered subset of their respective naturalized species pools, and phylogenetic clustering reflecting shallow evolutionary history is greater than that reflecting deep evolutionary history. In general, the phylogenetic relatedness of invasive species is greater in regions with lower temperature and precipitation across the world.Main conclusionsThe finding that invasive angiosperm assemblages across the globe are, in general, phylogenetically clustered subsets of their respective naturalized species pools has significant implications in biological conservation, particularly in predicting and controlling invasive species based on phylogenetic relatedness among naturalized species.
Capacity allocation for producing age‐based products
Authors: Jahandideh Hossein , McCardle Kevin , Tang Christopher , Fahimnia Behnam 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTWe consider a firm's production and sales decisions for an age‐based product whose value increases with ageing (e.g., whisky, wine, and cheese). The firm has been selling ayounger‐agedproduct but is considering introducing anewproduct by setting some of its production aside to age longer (in the “maturation” process). With a fixed production capacity dictated by the “distilling” process that takes place before the maturation process, the firm needs to decide if and when to sell different aged products aspartial substitutes. Specifically, the firm must decide, period by period, how much, if any, of its younger‐aged product to set aside for additional ageing. Because the younger product has been selling for some time, the firm knows its market size. For the new product, we consider two scenarios in which the market size is either: (1) known (deterministic) or (2) not yet fully known (stochastic). For the deterministic market size scenario, we provide an analytic solution to the infinite horizon problem and show that the optimal fraction of production reserved for additional ageing increases and converges to a steady‐state solution with a closed‐form expression. Though our model is dynamic, we show that a static policy, which is easy to compute and is intuitively appealing, performs quite well. For the stochastic market size scenario, we show that a “certainty equivalence” policy is optimal under reasonable conditions, and near‐optimal when these conditions do not hold. Hence the stochastic problem is effectively equivalent to the deterministic market size case. We also examine the case when the production process is subject to a deterministic yield loss and obtain similar structural results.
Successful combination treatment of bilateral guttural pouch mycosis with salpingopharyngeal fistulation and potassium iodide
Authors: Rowe Áine , Duggan Vivienne , Kearney Clodagh 
Published: June 2023

SummaryA 9‐month‐old Thoroughbred colt was presented to the University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital for investigation of suspected neck pain. Clinical signs included severe dullness, bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge, ptosis of the right eyelid, reduced range of motion of the neck and ataxia. Endoscopy of the medial compartment of both guttural pouches showed fungal‐like plaques, from whichAspergilluswas cultured. Laser salpingopharyngeal fistulation was performed under standing sedation and the colt received treatment with oral potassium iodide. The colt developed bacteraemia post‐operatively which resolved after antimicrobial treatment. Serial endoscopic evaluation of the guttural pouches showed complete resolution of fungal plaques 4 months post‐operatively. Minimal neurologic deficits remained 6 months post‐operatively. This report highlights the importance of considering guttural pouch mycosis in young horses and those presenting with reduced range of neck motion and neck pain. It offers support for the use of salpingopharyngostomy as an effective treatment method for guttural pouch mycosis and documents its use in the case of bilateral disease confirmed by fungal culture. It also documents the recovery of a horse from GPM with associated severe neurological signs.
The faecal microbiome of Exmoor ponies shows step‐wise compositional changes with increasing levels of management by humans
Authors: Bull Katie , Davies Gareth , Jenkins Timothy P. , Peachey Laura 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundHorses can suffer from gastrointestinal (GI) disease in domestic environments, often precipitated by human‐led changes in management. Understanding the consequences of these changes on equine gut microbiota is key to the prevention of such disease episodes.ObjectiveProfile the faecal microbiota of adult female Exmoor ponies under three management conditions, representing increasing levels of management by humans, encompassing different diets; whilst controlling for age, breed and sex.Study designCross‐sectional descriptive.MethodsFaecal samples were collected from three populations of Exmoor ponies kept under contrasting management conditions: 29 adult female ponies in groups with low management (LM) (n = 10), medium management (MM) (n = 10) and high management (HM) (n = 9) levels, based on diet, drug use, handling and exercise. Faecal microbial composition was profiled via high‐throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, and functional metagenome predictions.ResultsWe observed profound step‐wise changes in microbiome structure in the transition from LM to MM to HM. A relatively high abundance of Proteobacteria and Tenericutes was associated with the HM group; higher abundance of Methanobacteria was observed in the LM group. The MM group had intermediate levels of these taxa and exhibited high ‘within group’ variation in alpha diversity. Functional predictions revealed increased amino acid and lipid metabolism in HM; energy metabolism in LM and carbohydrate metabolism and immune/metabolic disease pathways in MM.Main limitationsLow group sizes, incomplete knowledge of bacterial genomes in equine gut microbiota and it was not possible to assess the relative impact of diet, drug use, handling and exercise on the microbiome as variables were confounded.ConclusionsHuman‐led management factors had profound step‐wise effects on faecal microbial composition. Based on functional metagenome predictions, we hypothesise that dietary differences between groups were the major driver of observed differences.