bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can a rigid antipronation foot orthosis change the effects of prolonged standing on postural control in men with patellofemoral pain?
Authors: Orakifar Neda , Shahbazi Fatemeh , Mofateh Razieh , Seyedtabib Maryam , Esfandiarpour Fateme 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Pronated foot posture is known as a contributing factor for patellofemoral pain (PFP) development. Patients with patellofemoral pain often experience poor postural control. Implementation of optimal management strategies for enhancing their postural performance is important.

Objective(s):
The aim of this study was to determine whether a rigid antipronation foot orthosis changes prolonged standing effects on postural control in men with PFP.

Study Design:
Case–control study.

Methods:
Twenty-eight men with PFP and pronated foot and 28 healthy men were enrolled in this study. Center-of-pressure parameters were measured during short trials (60 seconds) of single-leg standing before and immediately after prolonged standing (20 minutes) using force platform. In patients with PFP, postural control was examined on 2 separate days with and without rigid antipronation foot orthosis.

Results:
Findings showed that the pre–post differences of sway area (t(48) = −2.22, p = 0.03), mediolateral (ML) displacement (t (48) = −2.51, p = 0.01), and mean velocity (t(48) = −2.01, p = 0.04) were significantly greater in patients with PFP without foot orthosis compared with those in the healthy group. Significant intervention main effect (p = 0.04) and time-by-intervention interaction (p = 0.006) for sway area were shown. Significant intervention main effects were noted for ML displacement (p = 0.007) and mean velocity (p = 0.003). For these variables, significant time-by-intervention interactions were found. Further analysis showed greater values of ML displacement and mean velocity parameters before the prolonged standing in patients with PFP without foot orthosis compared with patients with PFP with orthosis.

Conclusions:
Rigid antipronation foot orthosis can improve the postural performance after prolonged standing in young adult men with PFP.
Interspecific sociality alters the colonization and extinction rates of birds on subtropical reservoir islands
Authors: Martínez Ari E. , Si Xingfeng , Zhou Liping , Zeng Di , Ding Ping , Goodale Eben 
Published: April 2023

Island biogeography theory has proved a robust approach to predicting island biodiversity on the assumption of species equivalency. However, species differ in their grouping behaviour and are entangled by complex interactions in island communities, such as competition and mutualism. We here investigated whether intra- and/or interspecific sociality may influence biogeographic patterns, by affecting movement between islands or persistence on them. We classified bird species in a subtropical reservoir island system into subcommunities based on their propensity to join monospecific and mixed-species flocks. We found that subcommunities which had high propensity to flock interspecifically had higher colonization rates and lower extinction rates over a 10-year period. Intraspecific sociality increased colonization in the same analysis. A phylogenetically corrected analysis confirmed the importance of interspecific sociality, but not intraspecific sociality. Group-living could enable higher risk crossings, with greater vigilance also linked to higher foraging efficiency, enabling colonization or long-term persistence on islands. Further, if group members are other species, competition can be minimized. Future studies should investigate different kinds of island systems, considering positive species interactions driven by social behaviour as potential drivers of community assembly on islands.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Mixed-species groups and aggregations: shaping ecological and behavioural patterns and processes’.
Could non-native species boost their chances of invasion success by socializing with natives?
Authors: Camacho-Cervantes Morelia , Keller Reuben P. , Vilà Montserrat 
Published: April 2023

Most invasions start with the introduction of a few individuals and the majority fail to establish and become invasive populations. A possible explanation for this is that some species are subject to Allee effects—disadvantages of low densities—and fail to perform vital activities due to the low availability of conspecifics. We propose that ‘facilitation’ from native individuals to non-natives through heterospecific sociability could enhance chances of the latter establishing in novel environments by helping them avoid Allee effects and even reducing the minimum number of non-native individuals necessary to achieve the density for a viable population (the Allee effect threshold). There is evidence from experiments carried out with freshwater fish, snails, lizards, mussels and bird that supports the idea of heterospecific sociability between native and non-native species as a process to promote invasion success. We propose that to understand invasion success in social non-native species we need to investigate how they integrate into the recipient community. Furthermore, to manage them, it may be necessary to reduce population density not just below the Allee effect threshold but also to understand how natives could help them shift the conspecific Allee effect threshold to their benefit.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Mixed-species groups and aggregations: shaping ecological and behavioural patterns and processes’.
Mixed-species assemblages and disease: the importance of differential vector and parasite attraction in transmission dynamics
Authors: Trillo Paula A. , Bernal Ximena E. , Hall Richard J. 
Published: April 2023

Individuals from multiple species often aggregate at resources, group to facilitate defense and foraging, or are brought together by human activity. While it is well-documented that host-seeking disease vectors and parasites show biases in their responses to cues from different hosts, the influence of mixed-species assemblages on disease dynamics has received limited attention. Here, we synthesize relevant research in host-specific vector and parasite bias. To better understand how vector and parasite biases influence infection, we provide a conceptual framework describing cue-oriented vector and parasite host-seeking behaviour as a two-stage process that encompasses attraction of these enemies to the assemblage and their choice of hosts once at the assemblage. We illustrate this framework, developing a case study of mixed-species frog assemblages, where frog-biting midges transmit trypanosomes. Finally, we present a mathematical model that investigates how host species composition and asymmetries in vector attraction modulate transmission dynamics in mixed-species assemblages. We argue that differential attraction of vectors by hosts can have important consequences for disease transmission within mixed-species assemblages, with implications for wildlife conservation and zoonotic disease.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Mixed-species groups and aggregations: shaping ecological and behavioural patterns and processes’.
Acoustic similarity of flight calls corresponds with the composition and structure of mixed-species flocks of migrating birds: evidence from a three-dimensional microphone array
Authors: Gayk Zach G. , Mennill Daniel J. 
Published: April 2023

Animals that migrate in mixed-species groups may communicate with both conspecific and heterospecific individuals, providing a low-cost mechanism for navigation whenever individuals share similar migratory routes or destinations. Many migratory birds produce calls while flying, but the function of these calls, and the forces contributing to their evolution, are poorly known. We studied flight calls in mixed-species groups of wood warblers (Parulidae), a biodiverse group of migratory songbirds. We used a spatial approach to examine whether acoustic similarity of flight calls varies with group composition, recording flight calls of mixed-species flocks with a wireless microphone array and triangulating the positions of birds in three dimensions. We found that the acoustic similarity of flight calls was correlated with spatial proximity: birds with similar calls fly closer together during migration. We also found relationships between acoustic similarity, flock size and mixed-species flock diversity: birds with similar calls fly in smaller flocks and in flocks with lower species diversity. Our results support the idea that migrating birds use flight calls to maintain contact with acoustically similar individuals in mixed-species flocks, with communication transcending species boundaries. These results suggest that acoustically similar flight calls are used as cues of group assembly for migratory animals.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Mixed-species groups and aggregations: shaping ecological and behavioural patterns and processes’.
Relationships between body fat distribution and metabolic syndrome traits and outcomes: a Mendelian Randomization study
Authors: Huang Brian , DePaolo John , Judy Renae L. , Shakt Gabrielle , Witschey Walter R. , Levin Michael G. , Gershuni Victoria M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundObesity is a complex, multifactorial disease associated with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although overweight and obesity are frequently assessed using BMI, many epidemiological studies have shown links between body fat distribution and obesity-related outcomes. This study examined the relationships between body fat distribution and metabolic syndrome traits using Mendelian Randomization (MR).Methods and FindingsGenetic variants associated with visceral adipose tissue (VAT), abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT), and gluteofemoral adipose tissue (GFAT), as well as their relative ratios, were identified from a genome wide association study (GWAS) performed among participants of the United Kingdom BioBank. GWAS summary statistics for traits and outcomes related to metabolic syndrome were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS Project. Two-sample MR and multivariable MR (MVMR) controlling for BMI were performed to examine the relationships between each body fat measure and ratio with the selected outcomes.Increases in absolute GFAT were associated with a protective cardiometabolic profile, including lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol (β: -0.19, [95% CI: -0.28, -0.10], p < 0.001), higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol (β: 0.23, [95% CI: 0.03, 0.43], p = 0.025), lower triglycerides (β: - 0.28, [95% CI: -0.45, -0.10], p = 0.0021), and decreased systolic (β: -1.65, [95% CI: -2.69, -0.61], p = 0.0019) and diastolic blood pressures (β: -0.95, [95% CI: -1.65, -0.25], p = 0.0075). These relationships were largely maintained when controlling for BMI in MVMR analyses. Decreases in relative GFAT were linked with a worse cardiometabolic profile, with higher levels of detrimental lipids and increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures.ConclusionAn MR analysis of ASAT, GFAT, and VAT fat depots and their relative ratios with metabolic syndrome related traits and outcomes revealed that increased absolute and relative GFAT were associated with a favorable cardiometabolic profile independently of BMI. These associations highlight the importance of body fat distribution in obesity and supports developing more precise means to categorize obesity beyond BMI.
High Fidelity, CT on Rails-based Characterization of Total Delivered Dose Variation for Conformal Head and Neck Treatment: With evaluation of adaptive replanning time-point implications
Authors: Dai Haocheng , Sarkar Vikren , Dial Christian , Foote Markus D. , Joshi Sarang , Salter Bill J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to characterize dose variations from the original plan for a cohort of head-and-neck cancer (HNC) patients using high-quality computed tomography on rails (CTOR) datasets and evaluate a predictive model for identifying patients needing re-planning.Material and methods74 HNC patients treated on our CTOR equipped machine were evaluated in this retrospective study. Patients were treated at our facility using in-room, CTOR Image Guidance — acquiring CTOR kV fan beam CT (FBCT) images on a weekly to near-daily basis. For each patient, a particular day’s delivered treatment dose was calculated by applying the approved, planned beam set to the post image-guided alignment CT image-of-the-day. Total accumulated delivered dose distributions were calculated and compared to the planned dose distribution and differences were characterized by comparison of dose and biological response statistics.ResultsThe majority of patients in the study saw excellent agreement between planned and delivered dose distribution in targets — the mean deviations of D95 and D98 of the planning target volumes (PTVs) of the cohort are −0.7% and −1.3%, respectively. In critical organs, we saw a +6.5% mean deviation of mean dose in parotid glands, −2.3% mean deviation of maximum dose in brainstem, and +0.7% mean deviation of maximum dose in spinal cord. 10 of 74 patients experienced nontrivial variation of delivered parotid dose which resulted in a normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) increase compared to the anticipated NTCP in the original plan, ranging from 11% to 44%.ConclusionWe determined that a mid-course evaluation of dose deviation was not effective in predicting the need of re-planning for our patient cohorts. The observed non-trivial dose difference to parotid gland delivered dose suggest that even when rigorous, high quality image guidance is performed, clinically concerning variations to predicted dose delivery can still occur.
THREE STEPS NOVEL HARD MARGIN ENSEMBLE MACHINE LEARNING METHOD CLASSIFIES UNCERTAINMEFVGENE VARIANTS
Authors: Alay Mustafa Tarık , Demir İbrahim , Kirişçi Murat 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe International Study Group for Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases (INSAID) consensus criteria revealed that the clinical outcomes of more than half of the MEFV gene variants are uncertain. We aimed to detect more accurate classifications of MEFV variants while simultaneously reducing MEFV variant uncertainty.Material-MethodsWe extracted variants of the MEFV gene from the infevers database. We then determined the optimal number of in silico instruments for our model. On the training dataset, we implemented seven machine learning algorithms on MEFV gene variants with known clinical effects. We evaluated the effectiveness of our model in three steps: First, we performed machine-learning algorithms on the training dataset and implemented those with a prediction accuracy of greater than 90 percent. Second, we compared our gene-level and protein-level prediction results. Finally, we compared our prediction results to clinical outcomes.ResultsOur analysis included 266 of 381 MEFV gene variants and four computational tools (Revel, SIFT, MetaLR, and FATHMM). In our training dataset, the accuracy of three machine learning algorithms (RF: 100%, CRAT: 100%, and KNN: 91%) exceeded the threshold value. Thus, the dataset contained 134 likely pathogenic (LP) variants and 132 likely benign (LB) variants. We found that B30.2 domain variants were 2.5 times more likely to be LP than LB (χ2:12.693, p < 0.001, OR: 2.595 [1.532-4.132].DiscussionConsidering that the clinical effects of 60% of MEFV gene variants have not yet been determined, a combined evaluation of our methods and patients’ clinical manifestations significantly simplifies the interpretation of unknown variants.
Analysis of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Gene Expression Profiles in a Prospective, Community-based Cohort
Authors: Dahrendorff Jan , Wani Agaz , Keller Thomas E. , Armstrong Don , Qu Annie , Wildman Derek E. , Carmen Valero M. , Koenen Karestan C. , Aiello Allison E. , Uddin Monica 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common and debilitating psychiatric disorder that may occur in individuals exposed to traumatic events such as accidents, interpersonal violence, war, combat, or natural disasters. Additionally, PTSD has been implicated in the development of a variety of chronic conditions including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, suggesting that the biological alterations of the disorder can manifest themselves as chronic diseases in those suffering from PTSD. The biological underpinnings of the disorder are not well understood. Gene expression studies can illuminate the complex physiology of PTSD reflecting the embodiment of trauma, i.e. the process in which traumatic experiences in our social environments are manifested in our body by genomic mechanisms. To date, gene expression studies that examine the whole transcriptome are scarce and limited to single-timepoint assessments. Here we applied a transcriptome-wide gene expression screen with RNA-sequencing to whole blood samples to elucidate the gene expression signatures associated with the development of PTSD. The study participants (N=72, of whom 21 eventually developed PTSD) are a trauma exposed subsample of participants enrolled in a longitudinal and prospective cohort study of adults living in Detroit, Michigan. PTSD was assessed in a structured telephone interview and whole blood samples were taken both before and after trauma exposure. We found 45 differentially expressed genes associated with PTSD development with an estimated log2fold change > 1.5 at a nominal p value (p<0.05), however, none of these survived correction for multiple hypothesis testing. Six of the 37 upregulated genes includingPAX6,TSPAN7,PXDN,VWC2,SULF1andNFATC4were also ubiquitously expressed in all brain regions examined. Subsequent gene set enrichment analysis identified several pathways relating to brain and immune functioning to be enriched in individuals developing PTSD. Longitudinal sampling provides a promising mean to elucidate the pathophysiology underlying the embodiment of trauma.
Dasatinib nephrotoxicity correlates with patient-specific pharmacokinetics
Authors: Adegbite Benjamin O. , Abramson Matthew H. , Gutgarts Victoria , Musteata Marcel F. , Chauhan Kinsuk , Muwonge Alecia N. , Meliambro Kristin A. , Salvatore Steven P. , Ghaity-Beckley Sebastian El , Kremyanskaya Marina , Marcellino Bridget , Mascarenhas John O. , Campbell Kirk N. , Chan Lili , Coca Steven G. , Berman Ellin M. , Jaimes Edgar A. , Azeloglu Evren U. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionDasatinib has been associated with nephrotoxicity. We sought to examine the incidence of proteinuria on dasatinib and determine potential risk factors that may increase dasatinib-associated glomerular injury.MethodsWe examine glomerular injury via urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) in 101 chronic myelogenous leukemia patients who were on tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy for at least 90 days. We assay plasma dasatinib pharmacokinetics using tandem mass spectroscopy, and further describe a case study of a patient who experienced nephrotic-range proteinuria while on dasatinib.ResultsPatients treated with dasatinib (n= 32) had significantly higher UACR levels (median 28.0 mg/g, IQR 11.5 – 119.5) than patients treated with other TKIs (n=50; median 15.0 mg/g, IQR 8.0 – 35.0; p < 0.001). In total, 10% of dasatinib users exhibited severely increased albuminuria (UACR > 300 mg/g) versus zero in other TKIs. Average steady state concentrations of dasatinib were positively correlated with UACR (ρ = 0.54, p = 0.03) as well as duration of treatment (p=0.003). There were no associations with elevated blood pressure or other confounding factors. In the case study, kidney biopsy revealed global glomerular damage with diffuse foot process effacement that recovered upon termination of dasatinib treatment.ConclusionsExposure to dasatinib is associated a significant chance of developing proteinuria compared to other similar TKIs. Dasatinib plasma concentration significantly correlates with increased risk of developing proteinuria while receiving dasatinib. Screening for renal dysfunction and proteinuria is strongly advised for all dasatinib patients.
Factor Structure of the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire in a US-Based Cohort of Mothers
Authors: Lavallée Andréane , Warmingham Jennifer M. , Reimers Mark A. , Kyle Margaret H. , Austin Judy , Lee Seonjoo , Barker Tyson , Hussain Maha , Ettinger Sharon , Dumitriu Dani 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs research efforts in the field of pediatrics are oriented toward a better understanding of the synergistic relationship between different facets of early relational health (ERH) and child development and wellbeing, it is essential to focus on the quality of research instruments available for measuring different components of ERH. This study investigates the measurement characteristics of a widely used parent/caregiver-reported measure of bonding, the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ), in a US-based sample (n=610) of English-speaking biological mothers who completed the PBQ at 4 months postpartum. To evaluate the factor structure of the PBQ, confirmatory and exploratory statistical techniques were employed. The current study failed to replicate the PBQ’s original 4-factor structure. Exploratory factor analysis results supported the creation of a 14-item abbreviated measure, the PBQ-14. The PBQ-14 showed evidence of good psychometric properties, including high internal consistency (ω=.87) and correlation with depression (r=.44, p<.001) assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), as would be expected. The new unidimensional PBQ-14 is suitable for use in the US as a measure of general postnatal parent/caregiver-to-infant bonding.
Severe acute malnutrition promotes bacterial binding over pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by circulating innate immune cells
Authors: Phiri Tracy N. , Mutasa Kuda , Rukobo Sandra , Govha Margaret , Mushayanembwa Patience , Mwakamui Simutanyi , Haider Tafhima , Zyambo Kanekwa , Dumbura Cherlynn , Tome Joice , Runodamoto Thompson , Chidamba Leah , Majo Florence D. , Ngosa Deophine , Chandwe Kanta , Kapoma Chanda , Mwapenya Benjamin , Sturgeon Jonathan P. , Robertson Ruairi C. , Smuk Melanie , Ntozini Robert , Nathoo Kusum , Amadi Beatrice , Kelly Paul , Bwakura-Dangarembizi Mutsa , Prendergast Andrew J. , Bourke Claire D. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTChildren with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) are at high risk of infectious mortality and morbidity during and after hospital discharge. This risk persists despite nutritional and prophylactic antibiotic interventions among children with SAM, implicating persistent deficits in their immune defenses. Here we test the hypothesis that innate immune cells from children (0-59 months) hospitalized with SAM in Zambia and Zimbabwe (n=141) have distinct capacity to respond to bacteria relative to adequately-nourished healthy controls from the same communities (n=92). Neutrophils and monocytes from SAM inpatients had a higher capacity to bindE. colibut lower monocyte activation and pro-inflammatory mediator secretion in response toE. colilipopolysaccharide (LPS) or heat-killedSalmonella typhimurium(HKST) than controls. Bacterial binding capacity differentiated children with SAM from controls after adjusting for clinical and demographic heterogeneity and normalized with duration of hospital treatment. Wasting severity, HIV status, and age group were associated with LPS and HKST-induced cytokine secretion, monocyte activation, and myeloperoxidase secretion, respectively. Bacterial binding capacity and monocyte activation during hospitalization were associated with higher odds of persistent SAM at discharge; a risk factor for subsequent mortality. Thus, SAM shifts anti-bacterial innate immune cell function, favoring bacterial containment over pro-inflammatory activation upon challenge, which contributes to persistent health deficits among hospitalized children.TEASERChildren with severe acute malnutrition have distinct anti-bacterial innate immune cell function compared to healthy children which persists during their hospitalization and contributes to persistent wasting.