bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal diagnostics in multiple sclerosis: predicting disability and conversion from relapsing-remitting to secondary progressive disease course – protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Statsenko Yauhen , Smetanina Darya , Arora Teresa , Östlundh Linda , Habuza Tetiana , Simiyu Gillian Lylian , Meribout Sarah , Talako Tatsiana , King Fransina Christina , Makhnevych Iryna , Gelovani Juri George , Das Karuna M , Gorkom Klaus Neidl-Van , Almansoori Taleb M , Al Zahmi Fatmah , Szólics Miklós , Ismail Fatima , Ljubisavljevic Milos 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThe number of patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) has increased significantly over the last decade. The challenge is to identify the transition from relapsing-remitting to secondary progressive MS. Since available methods to examine patients with MS are limited, both the diagnostics and prognostication of disease progression would benefit from the multimodal approach. The latter combines the evidence obtained from disparate radiologic modalities, neurophysiological evaluation, cognitive assessment and molecular diagnostics. In this systematic review we will analyse the advantages of multimodal studies in predicting the risk of conversion to secondary progressive MS.Methods and analysisWe will use peer-reviewed publications available in Web of Science, Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Embase and CINAHL databases. In vivo studies reporting the predictive value of diagnostic methods will be considered. Selected publications will be processed through Covidence software for automatic deduplication and blind screening. Two reviewers will use a predefined template to extract the data from eligible studies. We will analyse the performance metrics (1) for the classification models reflecting the risk of secondary progression: sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, positive and negative predictive values; (2) for the regression models forecasting disability scores: the ratio of mean absolute error to the range of values. Then, we will create ranking charts representing performance of the algorithms for calculating disability level and MS progression. Finally, we will compare the predictive power of radiological and radiomical correlates of clinical disability and cognitive impairment in patients with MS.Ethics and disseminationThe study does not require ethical approval because we will analyse publicly available literature. The project results will be published in a peer-review journal and presented at scientific conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022354179.
Children Learning About Secondhand Smoke (CLASS III): a protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of a school-based smoke-free intervention in Bangladesh and Pakistan
Authors: Huque Rumana , Siddiqi Kamran , Khokhar Mariam , Jackson Cath , Kanaan Mona , Hewitt Catherine , Kellar Ian , Welch Charlie , Parrott Steve , Mishu Masuma Pervin , Sheikh Aziz , Iqbal Romaina 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionSecondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is a major cause of premature death and disease, especially among children. Children in economically developing countries are particularly affected as smoke-free laws are typically only partially implemented and private homes and cars remain a key source of SHS exposure. Currently, firm conclusions cannot be drawn from the available evidence on the effectiveness of non-legislative interventions designed to protect children from SHS exposure. Following the success of two feasibility studies and a pilot trial, we plan to evaluate a school-based approach to protect children from SHS exposure in Bangladesh and Pakistan—countries with a strong commitment to smoke-free environments but with high levels of SHS exposure in children. We will conduct a two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial in Bangladesh and Pakistan to assess the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a school-based smoke-free intervention (SFI) in reducing children’s exposure to SHS and the frequency and severity of respiratory symptoms.Methods and analysisWe plan to recruit 68 randomly selected schools from two cities—Dhaka in Bangladesh and Karachi in Pakistan. From each school, we will recruit approximately 40 students in a year (9–12 years old) with a total of 2720 children. Half of the schools will be randomly allocated to the intervention arm receiving SFI and the other half will receive usual education. Salivary cotinine concentration—a highly sensitive and specific biomarker of SHS exposure—is the primary outcome, which will be measured at month 3 post-randomisation. Secondary outcomes will include frequency and severity of respiratory symptoms, healthcare contacts, school absenteeism, smoking uptake and quality of life. Embedded economic and process evaluations will also be conducted.Ethics and disseminationThe trial has received ethics approval from the Research Governance Committee at the University of York. Approvals have also been obtained from Bangladesh Medical Research Council and Pakistan Health Research Council. If SFI is found effective, we will use a variety of channels to share our findings with both academic and non-academic audiences. We will work with the education departments in Bangladesh and Pakistan and advocate for including SFI within the curriculum.Trial registration numberISRCTN28878365
Association between socioecological factors and electronic cigarette use among Thai youth: an institution-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Seeherunwong Acharaporn , Tipayamongkholgul Mathuros , Angsukiattitavorn Suleemas , Muangsakul Wipanun , Singkhon Onnalin , Junda Sangdao , Sittichai Ruthaychonnee , Ondee Pasitta , Aekplakorn Wichai 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine cigarette use distribution, pattern of e-cigarette use and to determine socioecological model (SEM) factors associated with e-cigarette use among Thai youth (aged 15–24).DesignAn institution-based cross-sectional study.ParticipantsThe study conducted in five regions: the north, south, central, northeast and Bangkok area of Thailand from May to October 2021. An internet-based, self-administered questionnaire was developed based on the SEM. We enrolled 13 139 students who understood Thai and voluntarily consented to participate in the study. Hierarchical generalised estimating equations identified the related factors to e-cigarette use consistent with the SEM.ResultsOf 12 948 respondents (95.5%), 181 were excluded due to a lack of cigarette use status. Of 12 767, the prevalence of cigarette use was 4.3%, e-cigarette use was 3.5% and dual-use was 2.4%. E-cigarettes were a much more favourable choice among female youth than cigarettes. E-cigarette users tended to express more positive beliefs towards e-cigarettes than non-users. Although the use of e-cigarettes is illegal in Thailand, 66% of users obtained e-cigarettes from online markets and 4% from grocery stores. We found that having a girlfriend or boyfriend who uses e-cigarettes increased the odds of e-cigarette use by 3.239 times. Interestingly, higher odds of e-cigarette use were associated with peer use than with sibling use among e-cigarette users. (Adjusted OR 2.786, 95% CI 1.844 to 4.208 and 2.485, 95% CI 1.402 to 4.404, respectively). Exposure to e-cigarette use in school increased the odds of e-cigarette use by four times.ConclusionThis institution-based cross-sectional study revealed that youth e-cigarette use is a significant problem. To prevent the increasing rate of e-cigarette use, health literacy about e-cigarette use, including media and information literacy, should be launched across all levels of the school environment to enlist youth to stand against the negative impacts of e-cigarette use among all those of school age.
Development of an interprofessional person-centred care concept for persons with care needs living in their own homes (interprofHOME): study protocol for a mixed-methods study
Authors: Tetzlaff Britta , Scherer Martin , Balzer Katrin , Steyer Linda , Köpke Sascha , Friede Tim , Maurer Indre , Weber Clarissa E , König Hans-Helmut , Konnopka A , Ruppel Thomas , Mazur Ana , Hummers Eva , Mueller Christiane A 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionPeople receiving home care usually have complex healthcare needs requiring the involvement of informal caregivers and various health professionals. In this context, successful collaboration is an important element of person-centred care, which is often insufficiently implemented. Consequences might be found in avoidable hospitalisations. The aim of the study is to develop a care concept to improve person-centred interprofessional collaboration for people receiving home care considering the perspectives of all person groups involved.Methods and analysisThis study uses a mixed-methods design consisting of a literature review, several qualitative inquiries, a cross-sectional quantitative study and a final structured workshop. After a literature review (work package (WP) 1), we will explore the perspectives of people receiving home care (n=20), their relatives (n=20) and representatives of statutory health insurances (n=5) in semistructured interviews (WP2). Moreover, 100 individuals of each group (people receiving home care, relatives, registered nurses, general practitioners and therapists) involved in home care will answer a survey on collaboration that will be analysed descriptively (WP3). Additionally, monoprofessional focus groups (n=9) of registered nurses, general practitioners and therapists, respectively, will discuss current practices. Data will be analysed by qualitative content analysis. Best practice cases (n=8) will be analysed by a case-based qualitative content analysis based on data of observations of home visits and interviews (WP4). The findings of WP2 will be discussed in mixed focus groups (n=4) with 10 participants each (WP5). Considering the results of joint displays of WP3, WP4 and WP5, the interprofessional care concept and its implementation will be elaborated in an expert workshop (WP6).Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from all ethics committees of the project partners. Study results will be disseminated through publications, conference presentations, student education and advanced training of health professionals.Trial registration numberNCT05149937.
Reproductive concerns among young adult women with breast cancer: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Hu Li , Xu Binbin , Chau Pui Hing , Choi Edmond Pui Hang 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionReproductive concerns refer to worries about impaired or lost reproductive ability due to disease or/and treatment. Many young female patients with breast cancer experience reproductive concerns because they still desire to have children at the time of diagnosis. Reproductive concerns can impact patients’ treatment decision-making as well as their psychological health and quality of life. Understanding the situation, contributing factors and health-related consequences of reproductive concerns among patients with breast cancer is essential to minimise their impacts.Methods and analysisA systematic review will be conducted. We will search five English databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and APA PsycInfo) and four Chinese databases (Wang Fang database, VIP, CBM and CNKI) for pertinent studies. Other relevant studies will be identified from the reference lists of included studies. Two reviewers will independently perform study selection, data extraction and quality appraisal. Any discrepancies between the two reviewers will be resolved through consultation and discussion with the senior reviewer. A formal narrative synthesis will be performed to summarise the findings of individual studies. This review aims to improve understanding of the level of reproductive concerns, factors associated with reproductive concerns and health-related consequences of reproductive concerns among patients with breast cancer. The findings can contribute to the development of tailored interventions to alleviate reproductive concerns of patients with breast cancer, enhancing their psychological health and quality of life.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this review, as it will be based on published studies. The findings will be disseminated by publishing in a journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022375247.
Cohort analysis of child abuse and neglect cases treated during the initial 2 years of a programme to support hospital-based child protection work in Austria
Authors: Mora-Theuer Eva Anna , Klomfar Sophie , Ramazanova Dariga , Grylli Chryssa , Kletecka-Pulker Maria , Völkl-Kernstock Sabine , Otterman Gabriel , Simon Judit , Greber-Platzer Susanne 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo describe characteristics of suspected child abuse and neglect (CAN) cases associated with the decision of paediatric departments (PDs) in Vienna, Austria, to involve services of a regional tertiary child protection service programme (Forensische Kinder- und JugendUntersuchungsStelle, FOKUS).DesignRetrospective cohort analysis of a regional data collection of CAN cases over the first 2 years of FOKUS’s operational period (1 July 2015–30 June 2017).SettingAll CAN cases reported to the PDs of six public hospitals in Vienna. Five of these public hospitals were secondary heath care centres and one was a tertiary healthcare centre.ResultsOverall, 231 cases (59.1%) were treated without and 160 (40.9%) with additional involvement of the FOKUS service programme. The odds of a case to be treated without FOKUS involvement were higher if neglect was suspected (OR 3.233, 95% CI 2.024 to 5.279). In contrast, when sexual abuse was suspected, the odds for involvement with FOKUS were significantly higher (OR 7.577, 95% CI 4.580 to 12.879). The odds of being managed with FOKUS services nearly doubled when multiple forms of abuse were suspected (OR 1.926, 95% CI 1.136 to 3.285). The odds for additional FOKUS involvement were significantly lower for patients treated as inpatients (OR 0.239, 95% CI 0.151 to 0.373). CAN patients managed with FOKUS involvement were significantly more often reported to law enforcement (LE) (OR 3.234, 95% CI 2.078 to 5.002). Concurrently, suspected sexual abuse cases and cases reported to LE were more frequently treated in the PD of the tertiary centre than in other PDs (χ2p<0.001).ConclusionCAN case characteristics significantly influenced if PDs involved a tertiary child protection programme. Suspected sexual abuse, if more than one form of CAN was suspected and cases reported to LE required additional specialist expertise. For suspected neglect involvement of tertiary services seemed less important.
Associations of oxidative balance score and visceral adiposity index with risk of ischaemic heart disease: a cross-sectional study of NHANES, 2005–2018
Authors: Cheng Siyuan , Han Yuchen , Jiang Lie , Lan Ziyin , Liao Huanyan , Guo Jun 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveEvidence on the association of oxidative balance score (OBS) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) with risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is limited. We aimed to explore the association of OBS and VAI with risk of IHD, and then examined their potential interactive effects.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.ParticipantsA total of 27 867 individuals aged more than 20 years were included in this study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresMultivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs for the associations of OBS and VAI with risk of IHD, including coronary heart disease (CHD), heart attack and angina pectoris.ResultsCompared with those in the first quintile, participants with highest quintile of OBS had decreased risk of IHD (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.69), CHD (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.80), heart attack (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.66) and angina pectoris (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.82); meanwhile, those with highest quintile of VAI had increased risk of IHD (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.74), CHD (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.67), heart attack (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.94) and angina pectoris (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.87). Furthermore, we observed a stronger association between OBS and risk of IHD among participants with VAI ≥1.73 (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.62).ConclusionOur study found the negative association between OBS and risk of IHD, and positive association between VAI and risk of IHD. In addition, we found the interactive effects between VAI and OBS on the risk of IHD, underlining the importance of OBS in IHD prevention among participants with high VAI level.
Experience sampling methods for the personalised prediction of mental health problems in Spanish university students: protocol for a survey-based observational study within the PROMES-U project
Authors: Portillo-Van Diest Ana , Ballester Coma Laura , Mortier Philippe , Vilagut Gemma , Amigo Franco , Puértolas Gracia Beatriz , García-Mieres Helena , Alayo Itxaso , Blasco Maria Jesus , Carrasco Espi Paula , Falcó Raquel , Forteza-Rey Ines , Garcia-Pazo Patricia , Gili Margalida , Giménez-García Cristina , Machancoses Francisco H , Marzo Campos Juan Carlos , Navarra-Ventura Guillem , Piqueras Jose A , Rebagliato Marisa , Roca Miquel , Rodriguez Jiménez Tiscar , Roldan Lorenzo , Ruiz-Palomino Estefanía , Soto-Sanz Victoria , Alonso Jordi 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionThere is a high prevalence of mental health problems among university students. Better prediction and treatment access for this population is needed. In recent years, short-term dynamic factors, which can be assessed using experience sampling methods (ESM), have presented promising results for predicting mental health problems.Methods and analysisUndergraduate students from five public universities in Spain are recruited to participate in two web-based surveys (at baseline and at 12-month follow-up). A subgroup of baseline participants is recruited through quota sampling to participate in a 15-day ESM study. The baseline survey collects information regarding distal risk factors, while the ESM study collects short-term dynamic factors such as affect, company or environment. Risk factors will be identified at an individual and population level using logistic regressions and population attributable risk proportions, respectively. Machine learning techniques will be used to develop predictive models for mental health problems. Dynamic structural equation modelling and multilevel mixed-effects models will be considered to develop a series of explanatory models for the occurrence of mental health problems.Ethics and disseminationThe project complies with national and international regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki and the Code of Ethics, and has been approved by the IRB Parc de Salut Mar (2020/9198/I) and corresponding IRBs of all participating universities. All respondents are given information regarding access mental health services within their university and region. Individuals with positive responses on suicide items receive a specific alert with indications for consulting with a health professional. Participants are asked to provide informed consent separately for the web-based surveys and for the ESM study. Dissemination of results will include peer-reviewed scientific articles and participation in scientific congresses, reports with recommendations for universities’ mental health policy makers, as well as a well-balanced communication strategy to the general public.Study registrationosf.io/p7csq.
What does social participation mean? A qualitative study exploring the concept of participation from the perspectives of experts and parents
Authors: Hoffmann Laura , Völlm Carina , Bernard Marie , Fink Astrid , Richter Matthias , Dawal Britta 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the theoretical framework regarding social participation from the perspectives of experts and parents of youth aged between 10 and 17 years, and therefore, provides new insights into the concept of social participation.DesignA qualitative study was conducted to understand the construct of social participation in more detail. Eight focus groups were held with experts (n=21) and parents (n=24) and analysed based on content analysis.ParticipantsWe used purposive and snowball sampling to obtain a comprehensive sample of (A) parents of adolescents with and without chronic and/or physical-motor impairments and (B) experts involved in participatory research and/or treatment of adolescents with chronic and/or physical-motor impairments. The final sample consisted of 3 focus groups with a total of 21 experts and 5 focus groups with 24 parents. This included 10 parents who had disabled children.ResultsThe concept of social participation consists of subjective and objective components. The focus from the experts’ perspective is clearly on the subjective level; that is, revolving around the question ‘Does the adolescent feel involved?’ In contrast, the parents’ focus is more on normative expectations. The possibility of participation in all areas of life through the adjustment of environmental factors was identified as a central factor.ConclusionsThe results underline the importance of the subjective feelings of adolescents, as well as the significance of normative requirements. To capture the subjective component of participation, suitable measurements are needed.Trial registration numberDRKS00014739.
Effects of vitamins K2 and D3 supplementation in patients with severe coronary artery calcification: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hasific Selma , Øvrehus Kristian A , Hosbond Susanne , Lambrechtsen Jess , Kumarathurai Preman , Mejldal Anna , Ravn Emil Johannes , Rasmussen Lars Melholt , Gerke Oke , Mickley Hans , Diederichsen Axel 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionCoronary artery calcification (CAC) and especially progression in CAC is a strong predictor of acute myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality. Supplementation with vitamin K2 and D3 has been suggested to have a protective role in the progression of CAC. In this study, we will examine the effect of vitamins K2 and D3 in men and women with severe CAC. We hypothesise that supplementation with vitamins K2 and D3 will slow down the calcification process.Method and analysisIn this multicentre and double-blinded placebo-controlled study, 400 men and women with CAC score≥400 are randomised (1:1) to treatment with vitamin K2 (720 µg/day) and vitamin D3 (25 µg/day) or placebo treatment (no active treatment) for 2 years. Among exclusion criteria are treatment with vitamin K antagonist, coagulation disorders and prior coronary artery disease. To evaluate progression in coronary plaque, a cardiac CT-scan is performed at baseline and repeated after 12 and 24 months of follow-up. Primary outcome is progression in CAC score from baseline to follow-up at 2 years. Among secondary outcomes are coronary plaque composition and cardiac events. Intention-to-treat principle is used for all analyses.Ethics and disseminationThere are so far no reported adverse effects associated with the use of vitamin K2. The protocol was approved by the Regional Scientific Ethical Committee for Southern Denmark and the Data Protection Agency. It will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Positive as well as negative findings will be reported.Trial registration numberNCT05500443.