bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Artificial Intelligence Chatbot Responses to Top Searched Queries About Cancer
Authors: Pan Alexander , Musheyev David , Bockelman Daniel , Loeb Stacy , Kabarriti Abdo E. 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceConsumers are increasingly using artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots as a source of information. However, the quality of the cancer information generated by these chatbots has not yet been evaluated using validated instruments.ObjectiveTo characterize the quality of information and presence of misinformation about skin, lung, breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers generated by 4 AI chatbots.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study assessed AI chatbots’ text responses to the 5 most commonly searched queries related to the 5 most common cancers using validated instruments. Search data were extracted from the publicly available Google Trends platform and identical prompts were used to generate responses from 4 AI chatbots: ChatGPT version 3.5 (OpenAI), Perplexity (Perplexity.AI), Chatsonic (Writesonic), and Bing AI (Microsoft).ExposuresGoogle Trends’ top 5 search queries related to skin, lung, breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer from January 1, 2021, to January 1, 2023, were input into 4 AI chatbots.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were the quality of consumer health information based on the validated DISCERN instrument (scores from 1 [low] to 5 [high] for quality of information) and the understandability and actionability of this information based on the understandability and actionability domains of the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) (scores of 0%-100%, with higher scores indicating a higher level of understandability and actionability). Secondary outcomes included misinformation scored using a 5-item Likert scale (scores from 1 [no misinformation] to 5 [high misinformation]) and readability assessed using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level readability score.ResultsThe analysis included 100 responses from 4 chatbots about the 5 most common search queries for skin, lung, breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer. The quality of text responses generated by the 4 AI chatbots was good (median [range] DISCERN score, 5 [2-5]) and no misinformation was identified. Understandability was moderate (median [range] PEMAT Understandability score, 66.7% [33.3%-90.1%]), and actionability was poor (median [range] PEMAT Actionability score, 20.0% [0%-40.0%]). The responses were written at the college level based on the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level score.Conclusions and RelevanceFindings of this cross-sectional study suggest that AI chatbots generally produce accurate information for the top cancer-related search queries, but the responses are not readily actionable and are written at a college reading level. These limitations suggest that AI chatbots should be used supplementarily and not as a primary source for medical information.
Virtual Tumor Boards for Remote Learning in Head and Neck Surgical Oncology
Authors: Papazian Michael R. , Chow Michael , Weed Donald , Liu Jeffrey C. , Bewley Arnaud F. , Moore Michael G. , Givi Babak 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceIn addition to their patient management value, multidisciplinary tumor boards have been recognized as effective learning tools. However, the value of using a virtual tumor board as a learning tool for head and neck surgical oncology fellows has not been studied.ObjectiveTo describe the structure and content of the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) Virtual Tumor Board and assess its educational value as perceived by attendees.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsAll sessions of the AHNS Virtual Tumor Board from April 8, 2020, to June 1, 2022, were reviewed. Topics, presenters, participants, and viewership data were collected as of October 15, 2022, from session recordings posted to an online video sharing and social media platform. Additionally, an anonymous, 14-question online survey was designed to elicit feedback from head and neck surgery trainees on virtual tumor board engagement, strengths, and weaknesses. The survey was electronically distributed in June and July 2022 to the 101 fellows enrolled in AHNS-accredited programs between July 1, 2020, and June 30, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary aim was to tabulate online viewership of the sessions. The secondary aim was to qualitatively assess the experience of head and neck trainees with the AHNS Virtual Tumor Board using a survey.ResultsForty-two sessions of the virtual tumor board were held between April 8, 2020, and June 1, 2022. Almost all sessions (41 [98%]) were case based. One hundred and sixteen cases were presented, representing 2 to 3 cases per session, by 75 unique faculty members. Each session was viewed a mean of 217 times (range, 64-2216 views). In the 2021 to 2022 academic year, a mean of 60 viewers (range, 30-92 viewers) attended each live session. In all, 29 survey responses were collected from 101 fellows in AHNS-accredited programs (29% response rate). Most respondents felt the format allowed for excellent teaching (18 of 26 respondents [69%]) and discussion (19 of 26 respondents [73%]). Most respondents (22 of 29 respondents [76%]) believed that practicing head and neck surgeons would benefit from the sessions.Conclusions and RelevanceThis survey study found that the AHNS Virtual Tumor Board was well-attended and well-reviewed by head and neck surgical oncology trainees. The virtual tumor board format could be used as model of remote learning for other organizations.
Role of Epigenetics and Metabolomics in Predicting Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Di Pietrantonio Nadia , Cappellacci Ilaria , Mandatori Domitilla , Baldassarre Maria Pompea Antonia , Pandolfi Assunta , Pipino Caterina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a worldwide health problem and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in T2D patients, making the prevention of CVD onset a major priority. It is therefore crucial to optimize diagnosis and treatment to reduce this burden. Endothelial dysfunction is one of the most important prognostic factors for CVD progression, thus novel approaches to identify the early phase of endothelial dysfunction may lead to specific preventive measures to reduce the occurrence of CVD. Nowadays, multiomics approaches have provided unprecedented opportunities to stratify T2D patients into endotypes, improve therapeutic treatment and outcome and amend the survival prediction. Among omics strategies, epigenetics and metabolomics are gaining increasing interest. Recently, a dynamic correlation between metabolic pathways and gene expression through chromatin remodeling, such as DNA methylation, has emerged, indicating new perspectives on the regulatory networks impacting cellular processes. Thus, a better understanding of epigenetic‐metabolite relationships can provide insight into the physiological processes altered early in the endothelium that ultimately head to disease development. Here, recent studies on epigenetics and metabolomics related to CVD prevention potentially useful to identify disease biomarkers, as well as new therapies hopefully targeting the early phase of endothelial dysfunction are highlighted.
Comprehensive Review of Electrolyte Modification Strategies for Stabilizing Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Liang Yuxuan , Qiu Meijia , Sun Peng , Mai Wenjie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn response to the need of sustainable development, there is an increasing demand for electrical energy storage, leading to a stimulated pursuit of advanced batteries. Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted much attention due to their low cost, high safety, and environmental friendliness. Despite the great efforts made by researchers in designing and developing high‐performance AZIBs, several challenges remain. Particularly for Zn anode, the growth of zinc dendrites and occurance of various side reactions significantly hinder the advancement of AZIBs. This review article aims to discuss the principles of AZIBs, the electrolyte's structure and properties, the challenges faced by AZIBs anodesm and the strategies to improve battery performance through electrolyte modification in a systematic manner. In conclusion, potential future directions aimed at enhancing the stability of zinc anodes and cathodes by electrolyte modification strategies are proposed to ensure that research efforts are geared toward achieving realistic performance targets for commercializing AZIBs.
Reversible Information Storage Based on Rhodamine Derivative in Mechanochromic Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Elastomer
Authors: Zhang Shuoning , Sun Chang , Zhang Jianying , Qin Shengyu , Liu Jiale , Ren Yunxiao , Zhang Lanying , Hu Wei , Yang Huai , Yang Dengke 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWith the demand for the diversity and security of information deliveries increasing, advanced security tag for data encryption has attracted great interest from the scientific community. It is promising to achieve composite dynamic information storage by the combination of multisource stimuli‐responsive mechanism. Here, mechano‐ and chemochromism cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers (CLCEs) are prepared by introducing a rhodamine lactam‐based functional trigger by two different strategies, one of which is one‐pot method and another is postfunctionalization method. The performances of the CLCEs from two strategies are investigated, which are demonstrated to be effective methods in endowing material with new function, and suitable for different application scenarios. The composite material combines the force‐induced structural periodicity variation of CLCE and the pigmentary and fluorescent properties changes of the functional trigger caused by the chemical environment. The orthogonal construction of dynamic structural color pattern and reversible pigmentary and fluorescent colors pattern enable the information in the CLCE to display double encryption mode, which exhibits great potential in the information storage and anti‐counterfeiting.
Exposure to Polystyrene Nanoplastics Led to Learning and Memory Deficits in Zebrafish by Inducing Oxidative Damage and Aggravating Brain Aging
Authors: Zhou Weishang , Tong Difei , Tian Dandan , Yu Yingying , Huang Lin , Zhang Weixia , Yu Yihan , Lu Lingzheng , Zhang Xunyi , Pan Wangqi , Shen Jiawei , Shi Wei , Liu Guangxu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNanoplastics (NPs) may pass through the blood–brain barrier, giving rise to serious concerns about their potential toxicity to the brain. In this study, the effects of NPs exposure on learning and memory, the primary cognitive functions of the brain, are assessed in zebrafish with classic T‐maze exploration tasks. Additionally, to reveal potential affecting mechanisms, the impacts of NPs exposure on brain aging, oxidative damage, energy provision, and the cell cycle are evaluated. The results demonstrate that NP‐exposed zebrafish takes significantly longer for their first entry and spends markedly less time in the reward zone in the T‐maze task, indicating the occurrence of learning and memory deficits. Moreover, higher levels of aging markers (β‐galactosidase and lipofuscin) are detected in the brains of NP‐exposed fish. Along with the accumulation of reactive free radicals, NP‐exposed zebrafish suffer significant levels of brain oxidative damage. Furthermore, lower levels of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 and higher levels of p53 are observed in the brains of NP‐exposed zebrafish, suggesting that NPs exposure also results in a shortage of energy supply and an arrestment of the cell cycle. These findings suggest that NPs exposure may pose a severe threat to brain health, which deserves closer attention.
Oleic Acid‐Assisted Nucleation Growth of Highly Luminescent CsCu2I3 Single Crystals and Their Films for Flexible and Dynamic High‐Resolution X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Chen Tao , Li Xin , Lin Feng , Wu Haodi , Mu Dedan , Sun Ziwei , Chen Chen , Liu Ruliang , Yang Jie , Wang Rongfei , Zhao Zhenhuan , Meng Bin , Wen Xiaoming , Bao Jiming , Tang Jiang , Xu Xuhui , Wang Chong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMetal‐halide perovskites have emerged as one of the most promising contenders for the next‐generation X‐ray scintillators on account of their large absorption coefficients, high light yields, and low‐cost fabrication. However, the existing X‐ray scintillators are plagued either by poor stability or high toxicity. Here, highly stable and flexible CsCu2I3@polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) composite films are fabricated simply by a facile one‐step drop‐coating technique. Benefiting from the reasonable light yields (24 100 photons MeV−1), short photoluminescence decay time (207 ns), and flat surface, a low detection limit of 39 nGyair s−1 and a record‐high resolution of up to 25 lp mm−1 are demonstrated in these CsCu2I3@PMMA composite films. The X‐ray imaging tests show that the CsCu2I3@PMMA composite films display excellent properties in the dynamic and irregular objects imaging. In addition, the CsCu2I3@PMMA composite films exhibit a desirable endurance to the high‐energy X‐ray's irradiation and the water erosion (photoluminescence quantum yield remains up of 90% of its initial value even after submersion in water for 300 h). This work provides a potential to develop eco‐friendly and highly stable halide perovskite materials for high‐resolution X‐ray imaging.
Graphitic Carbon Nitride Emitter: From Structural Modification to Optoelectronics Applications
Authors: Wang Yunhu , Zhang Mingming , Wang Lei , Xing Jun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGraphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), as a non‐metallic two‐dimensional semiconductor material, has the advantages of low‐cost, simple synthesis, excellent chemical and thermal stability, etc. Due to its unique electronic band structure, g‐C3N4 exhibits attractive optoelectronic physical properties. In recent years, it has gained significant attention as a photocatalyst with advanced performance. While most of the current research focuses on the field of photo‐electrocatalysis, the material's fascinating optoelectronic physical properties hold great potential in the field of optoelectronic applications. This review highlights the research on the atom‐ and molecule‐modified g‐C3N4’s optoelectronics properties and its application in optoelectronics applications, such as light‐emitting diodes, photovoltaics, and photodetectors, with the aim of attracting more attention from researchers.
Fiber Integrated Metal‐Organic Frameworks as Functional Components in Smart Textiles
Authors: Eagleton Aileen M. , Ambrogi Emma K. , Miller Sophia A. , Vereshchuk Nataliia , Mirica Katherine A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOwing to high modularity and synthetic tunability, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) on textiles are poised to contribute to the development of state‐of‐the‐art wearable systems with multifunctional performance. While these composite materials have demonstrated promising functions in sensing, filtration, detoxification, and biomedicine, their applicability in multifunctional systems is only beginning to materialize. This review highlights the multifunctionality and versatility of MOF‐integrated textile systems. It summarizes the operational goals of MOF@textile composites, encompassing sensing, filtration, detoxification, drug delivery, UV protection, and photocatalysis. Building upon these recent advances, this review concludes with an outlook on emerging opportunities for the diverse applications of MOF@textile systems in the realm of smart wearables.
Ultra Robust and Highly Efficient Flexible Organic Solar Cells with Over 18 % Efficiency Realized by Incorporating a Linker Dimerized Acceptor
Authors: Song Wei , Ye Qinrui , Yang Shuncheng , Xie Lin , Meng Yuanyuan , Chen Zhenyu , Gu Qun , Yang Daobin , Shi Jingyu , Ge Ziyi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe wearable application of flexible organic solar cells (f‐OSCs) necessitates high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and mechanical robustness. However, photoactive films based on efficient non‐fullerene small molecule acceptors (NF‐SMAs) are typically brittle, leading to poor mechanical stability in devices. In this study, we achieved a remarkable PCE of 18.06 % in f‐OSCs while maintaining ultrahigh mechanical robustness (with a crack‐onset strain (COS) of higher than 11 %) by incorporating a linker dimerized acceptor (DOY‐TVT). Compared to binary blends, ternary systems exhibit reduced non‐radiative recombination, suppressed crystallization and diffusion of NF‐SMAs, and improved load distribution across the chain networks, enabling the dissipation of the load energy. Thus, the ternary f‐OSCs developed in this study achieved, high PCE and stability, surpassing binary OSCs. Moreover, the developed f‐OSCs retained 97 % of the initial PCE even after 3000 bending cycles, indicating excellent mechanical stability (9.1 % higher than binary systems). Furthermore, the rigid device with inverted structure based on the optimal active layer exhibited a substantial increase in efficiency retention, with 89.6 % after 865 h at 85 °C and 93 % after more than 1300 h of shelf storage at 25 °C. These findings highlight the potential of the linker oligomer acceptor for realizing high‐performing f‐OSCs with ultrahigh mechanical robustness.
Diaryl Dihydrophenazine‐Based Porous Organic Polymers Enhance Synergistic Catalysis in Visible‐Light‐Driven Organic Transformations
Authors: Cheng Yan , Li Yan‐Xiang , Liu Chun‐Hua , Zhu Yuan‐Yuan , Lin Wenbin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPorous organic polymers (POPs) have emerged as a novel class of porous materials that are synthesized by the polymerization of various organic monomers with different geometries and topologies. The molecular tunability of organic building blocks allows the incorporation of functional units for photocatalytic organic transformations. Here, we report the synthesis of two POP‐based photocatalysts via homopolymerization of vinyl‐functionalized diaryl dihydrophenazine (DADHP) monomer (POP1) and copolymerization of vinyl‐functionalized DADHP and 2,2′‐bipyridine monomers (POP2). The fluorescence lifetimes of DADHP units in the POPs significantly increased, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic performances over homogeneous controls. POP1 is highly effective in catalysing visible‐light‐driven C−N bond forming cross‐coupling reactions. Upon coordination with Ni2+ ions, POP2‐Ni shows strong synergy between photocatalytic and Ni catalytic cycles due to the confinement effect within the POP framework, leading to high efficiency in energy, electron, and organic radical transfer. POP2‐Ni displays excellent activity in catalysing C−P bond forming reactions between diarylphosphine oxides and aryl iodides. They increased the photocatalytic activities by more than 30‐fold in C−N and C−P cross‐coupling reactions. These POP catalysts were readily recovered via centrifugal separation and reused in six catalytic cycles without loss of activities. Thus, photosensitizer‐based POPs provide a promising platform for heterogeneous photocatalytic organic transformations.
Alternative splicing of chitin deacetylase 2 regulates chitin and fatty acid metabolism in Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri
Authors: Zhang Qin , Xia Tao , Wang Ai‐Yun , Liu Yan , Li Ning‐Yan , Yi Long , Lu Zhan‐Jun , Yu Hai‐Zhong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChitin plays an important role in the development and molting of insects. The key genes involved in chitin metabolism were considered promising targets for pest control. In this study, two splice variants of chitin deacetylase 2 (CDA2) from Diaphorina citri were identified, including DcCDA2a and DcCDA2b. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that DcCDA2a and DcCDA2b encoded 550 and 544 amino acid residues with a signal peptide, respectively. Spatio‐temporal expression patterns analysis showed that DcCDA2a and DcCDA2b were highly expressed in D. citri wing and nymph stages. Moreover, DcCDA2a and DcCDA2b expression levels were induced by 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E). Silencing DcCDA2a by RNA interference (RNAi) significantly disrupted the D. citri molting and increased D. citri mortality and malformation rate, whereas inhibition of DcCDA2b resulted in a semimolting phenotype. Furthermore, silencing DcCDA2a and DcCDA2b significantly suppressed D. citri chitin and fatty acid metabolism. Our results indicated that DcCDA2 might play crucial roles in regulating D. citri chitin and fatty acid metabolism, and it could be used as a potential target for controlling D. citri.
Population‐based prevalence and trend of birth defects in Costa Rica from 2000 to 2019
Authors: Benavides‐Lara Adriana , Barboza‐Argüello María de la Paz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to analyze the prevalence and trend of birth defects (BDs) in Costa Rica, where BDs are the second leading cause of infant and under‐five mortality.MethodsA descriptive analysis of selected BDs prevalence and trends from 2000 to 2019 was performed, based on data from the Costa Rican Birth Defects Register Center, the national BDs surveillance system with coverage of 98% of live births in the country. We used Joinpoint regression to identify any calendar year where a significant change in trend occurred; the annual percent change (APC) and the average annual percent change (AAPC) were determined. Marginal means and prevalence ratios by subperiod (2000–2009 as referent and 2010–2019) were estimated using Poisson regression, and compared using Wald's chi‐square tests (alpha ≤0.05).ResultsFrom 2000 to 2019, BDs occurred in 2.3% of live births (95% CI: 2.3–2.4); 73% of which were major BDs. Males presented a significantly higher prevalence (sex ratio 1.13 males/females). The trend showed an AAPC of +3.7 (p < .05) with two joinpoints, 2005 and 2013. A significant APC (+11.3) was observed during 2005–2013, within the context of improvements in the surveillance system, such as the increase in the reporting age, and the incorporation of other data sources in addition to maternity hospitals. Most of the BDs groups presented a significant upward trend. The highest AAPC was observed for the respiratory system (+11.7), congenital heart defects (+9.5), and nervous system (+8.5).ConclusionsThe BDs present a clear upward trend in the last two decades due, among other things, to a significant improvement in the surveillance system.
Accidental poisoning with aconite overdose: A case report and resuscitative emergency management in a tertiary level hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Majumder Mahabubul Islam , Mahadi Ashrafur Rahaman , Rahman Obayed Ur , Roy Biplob Kumar , Shihab Hossain Mohammad 
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical MessageIntoxication with aconite, a common over‐the‐counter herbal medicine in Asia, can result in ventricular tachycardia and cardiac arrest and requires heart rate monitoring in a critical care setting and aggressive use of antiarrhythmica. Educational efforts in the appropriate use of alternative medicine may help prevent intoxication.
mRNA vaccine in cancer therapy: Current advance and future outlook
Authors: Li Youhuai , Wang Mina , Peng Xueqiang , Yang Yingying , Chen Qishuang , Liu Jiaxing , She Qing , Tan Jichao , Lou Chuyuan , Liao Zehuan , Li Xuexin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMessenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines are a relatively new class of vaccines that have shown great promise in the immunotherapy of a wide variety of infectious diseases and cancer. In the past 2 years, SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccines have contributed tremendously against SARS‐CoV2, which has prompted the arrival of the mRNA vaccine research boom, especially in the research of cancer vaccines. Compared with conventional cancer vaccines, mRNA vaccines have significant advantages, including efficient production of protective immune responses, relatively low side effects and lower cost of acquisition. In this review, we elaborated on the development of cancer vaccines and mRNA cancer vaccines, as well as the potential biological mechanisms of mRNA cancer vaccines and the latest progress in various tumour treatments, and discussed the challenges and future directions for the field.