bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying optical loss of high‐voltage degradation modes in photovoltaic modules using spectral analysis
Authors: Miller David C. , Hurst Katherine E. , Sinha Archana , Qian Jiadong , Moffitt Stephanie L. , Uličná Soňa , Schelhas Laura T. , Hacke Peter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe direct current bias for photovoltaic (PV) modules interconnected in series‐strings may include both high voltage negative (“HV−”) and positive (“HV+”) polarity with respect to the electrical ground. Multiple degradation modes, resulting in quantifiable optical loss, were found to occur during HV−/HV+ sequential stress, including corrosion of the external glass surface, encapsulant delamination (at its interfaces with the glass and the PV cell), internal haze formation (resulting from a chemical interaction between the glass and the encapsulant), corrosion and migration of the gridlines, and corrosion of the silicon nitride (SixNy) antireflective coating on the cell. The effects of these separate modes were examined using monolithic (e.g., glass or PV cell) and laminated‐coupon (glass/encapsulant/glass or glass/encapsulant/cell/encapsulant/backsheet) specimens. Characterizations during and after unbiased accelerated testing at 85°C/85% relative humidity included spectrophotometry, optical microscopy, electron microscopy, and ellipsometry. For some module components (i.e., the glass and the SixNycoating), the optical performance was determined through iterative analysis of empirical measurements. Concentrating on just their spectral effect, a novel model was then developed to estimate the transfer of light to the PV cell and the return of light from the PV module with simultaneous degradation mechanisms, which was compared with a mini‐module previously subjected to HV−/HV+ stress. The model suggests that one third of the current loss observed for the mini‐module can be attributed to the optical degradation of the packaging materials. The dominant degradation modes include encapsulant delamination and corrosion of the SixNycoating. Recommendations are given so that the optical model may be improved relative to accelerated testing and validated relative to field aging.
Best practices in online education during COVID‐19: Instructors' perspectives on teaching and learning in higher education
Authors: Orozco Luis E. , Giraldo‐García Regina J. , Chang Bo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBy the end of 2019, the World Health Organization was informed about the first unknown pneumonia cases, later labeled the COVID‐19 global pandemic. Based on Mezirow's transformative learning theory, COVID‐19 has been the trigger event that challenged adult learners' values, beliefs, and expectations in higher educational institutions. The study sought to identify best practices across American higher education institutions (HEIs) to adapt their teaching approach to the online environment. It answered the question, “What are the best practices for higher education instructors to adapt their teaching approach to online environments?” This study uses a systematic literature review and an online survey for data collection across HEIs in the United States. The web‐based questionnaire includes fixed‐choice, closed‐ended, and open‐ended questions in four sections: demographic information, attitudes about online education, online teaching and learning strategies, and challenges. The study follows ethical procedures, thematic analysis, and discussion of the findings in the context of existing literature to outline best practices in online higher education during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
DiaPASEF proteotype analysis indicates changes in cell growth and metabolic switch induced by caspase‐9 inhibition in chondrogenic cells
Authors: Lapcik Petr , Vesela Barbora , Potesil David , Dadakova Katerina , Zapletalova Martina , Benes Petr , Bouchal Pavel , Matalova Eva 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCaspase‐9 is the major apical caspase responsible for triggering the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Our previous study indicated that specific inhibition of caspase‐9 caused microscopically evident alterations in appearance of the primary chondrogenic cultures which cannot be explained by decrease in apoptosis. To describe a complex molecular background of this effect, proteomics analysis of control and caspase‐9 inhibitor‐treated chondrogenic cultures were performed. Proteins were extracted, identified and quantified using LC‐MS in both data dependent and data independent acquisition (DIA) mode. While directDIA analysis of diaPASEF data obtained using timsTOF Pro LC‐MS system revealed 7849 protein groups (Q‐value <0.01), a parallel analysis of iTRAQ‐2DLC‐MS3 and conventional DIA‐MS data identified only 5146 and 4098 protein groups, respectively, showing diaPASEF a superior method for the study. The detailed analysis of diaPASEF data disclosed 236/551 significantly down‐/up‐regulated protein groups after caspase‐9 inhibition, respectively (|log2FC|>0.58, Q value <0.05). Classification of downregulated proteins revealed changes in extracellular matrix organization, collagen metabolism, and muscle system processes. Moreover, deregulations suggest a switch from glycolytic to lipid based metabolism in the inhibited cells. No essential changes were found in the proteins involved in apoptosis. The data indicate new non‐apoptotic participation of caspases in chondrocyte homeostasis with potential applications in cartilage pathophysiology.
Molecular engineering of Pyran‐fused acceptor–donor–acceptor‐type non‐fullerene acceptors for highly efficient organic solar cells—A density functional theory approach
Authors: Hassan Talha , Adnan Muhammad , Hussain Riaz , Hussain Fakhar , Khan Muhammad Usman 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe end‐capped modification proves that it is an excellent attempt to improve the solar cells performances. Therefore, nowadays, many researchers are working to design new molecules for potential use in organic photovoltaics. Herein, we have modified new molecules (SA1–SA5) from the reference (R) for fullerene‐free solar cells. These novel molecules have lower excitation energy levels that make the easier excitation in the excited state. Additionally, SA1 to SA5 molecules exhibit excellent charge mobility due to the modification of an efficient core units. Geometric and physiochemical investigations indicate that the modeled molecules are beneficial for efficient organic solar cells. The estimation of frontier molecular orbitals analysis, reorganizational energy, photovoltaic characteristics, and charge transmission calculations was done using density functional theory calculations with B3LYP/6‐31G (d, p) basis set. Among all designed molecules, SA3 has emerged as the preferred choice because of its outstanding photovoltaic characteristics, which include a minimal bandgap of 2.03 eV and reorganization energy of electron and holes of 0.0095 and 0.0077 eV, correspondingly. The designed materials (SA1–SA5) displayed a high λ max values, that is, 693.54 nm (in gas) and 679.63 nm (in chloroform). This theoretical framework suggests that the required photovoltaic properties may be efficiently obtained by remodeling the new molecules.
Ultrathin PdCu Nanosheet as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Formate Oxidation Reaction and Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Liu Zhipeng , Xue Jinling , Li Yinshi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe development of robust nonplatinum electrocatalysts to enhance the performance of formate oxidation reaction (FOR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one of the key issues for the commercialization of direct formate fuel cells (DFFCs), but still challenging. Herein, a structurally controlled 3D flower‐like PdCu nanosheet (NS) catalyst is synthesized by a method of oil bath reduction under mild conditions as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for DFFCs. Under the dual tuning on the composition and intermetallic phase, the PdCu nanosheet catalyst exhibits 8.67 times higher mass activity for anodic formate oxidation reaction than the commercial Pd/C. For the cathodic ORR, a positive shift half‐wave potential is obtained for PdCu nanosheets exceeding Pt/C. Moreover, after a long‐term stability test, the current density of the PdCu nanosheet catalyst for FOR and ORR can be well maintained with the least activity decay. When the PdCu NSs are used as optimized anode and cathode electrodes for DFFCs enable a peak power density as high as 53 mW cm−2at room temperature, which is about 1.3 times higher than that of the commercial Pd/C and Pt/C as anode and cathode electrodes. This work provides a potential strategy to improve the catalytic performance of non‐Pt‐based nanocatalysts.
Laminating Structure for Interlayer Corona Discharge Treatment Toward Ion‐Based Nanogenerators
Authors: Park Sang Hyeok , Lee Jeongwan , Kong Dae Sol , Choi Jinhyeok , Jung Hyeongjun , Park Yong Jun , Park Hyeong Min , Jung Jong Hoon , Lee Minbaek 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA corona discharge treatment (CDT) is utilized to maximize the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) by injecting extra electrons into the negative tribomaterials. Increased performance of CDT TENGs, however, exhibits rapid degradation due to the electron dissipation by air moisture or thermal emission. To overcome such drawbacks and circumvent such dissipation, the source of charges should be replaced with ionic charges. This study reports a Ag nanowires (NWs)‐embedded laminating structure (AeLS) with a unique fabrication procedure for ionic charge injection by CDT. The injection of ions is achieved by interlayer‐CDT (i‐CDT), in which positive charges are dissipated by Ag NWs, and the opposite negative ions can remain on the outmost surface. The AeLS TENGs with i‐CDT exhibit high performance, long‐term stability, and durability. It shows voltage, current, and maximum power outputs of 380 V, 15 µA, and 827 mW m−2, respectively. As a practical demonstration, rotational TENG integrated with a direct discharge system is realized, and its current and voltage reach 7.4 mA and 7800 V, respectively. This work can pave the way for the design of ion‐based TENGs with high performance and long‐lasting retention of triboelectric charges.
Recent Developments in Nanoparticle‐Based Photo‐Immunotherapy for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Guo Zhongyuan , Zhu Audrey T. , Fang Ronnie H. , Zhang Liangfang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhototherapy is an emerging approach for cancer treatment that is effective at controlling the growth of primary tumors. In the presence of light irradiation, photothermal and photodynamic agents that are delivered to tumor sites can induce local hyperthermia and the production of reactive oxygen species, respectively, that directly eradicate cancer cells. Nanoparticles, characterized by their small size and tunable physiochemical properties, have been widely utilized as carriers for phototherapeutic agents to improve their biocompatibility and tumor‐targeted delivery. Nanocarriers can also be used to implement various codelivery strategies for further enhancing phototherapeutic efficiency. More recently, there has been considerable interest in augmenting the immunological effects of nanoparticle‐based phototherapies, which can yield durable and systemic antitumor responses. This review provides an overview of recent developments in using nanoparticle technology to achieve photo‐immunotherapy.
Litchi‐derived platinum group metal‐free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline media
Authors: Mirshokraee Seyed Ariana , Muhyuddin Mohsin , Lorenzi Roberto , Tseberlidis Giorgio , Vecchio Carmelo Lo , Baglio Vincenzo , Berretti Enrico , Lavacchi Alessandro , Santoro Carlo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWithin the framework of the circular economy, the waste litchi's skins were upgraded and transformed into electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The waste litchi's skins were pyrolyzed, activated, and then used as carbon support for fabricating metal–nitrogen–carbons (M–N–Cs) which belong to a promising class of platinum group metal‐free electrocatalysts. The activated char was functionalized with transition metal (Fe, Ni, and Co)‐ phthalocyanine (Pc) in monometallic and bimetallic fashion by subjecting it to a thermal treatment at 600 and 900°C. The samples functionalized at 900°C showed higher performance for HER due to the formation of metal nanoparticles, whereas the samples functionalized at 600°C showed higher performance for ORR. Particularly, sample Ni–Co 900 had an overpotential of −0.38 V for HER, while the sample Fe 600 was the most active electrocatalyst for ORR by demonstrating the onset potential of ∼0.9 V (a half‐wave potential of ∼0.81 V) with the least production of unwanted peroxide anion.
Network modeling helps to tackle the complexity of drug–disease systems
Authors: Recanatini Maurizio , Menestrina Luca 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFrom the (patho)physiological point of view, diseases can be considered as emergent properties of living systems stemming from the complexity of these systems. Complex systems display some typical features, including the presence of emergent behavior and the organization in successive hierarchic levels. Drug treatments increase this complexity scenario, and from some years the use of network models has been introduced to describe drug–disease systems and to make predictions about them with regard to several aspects related to drug discovery. Here, we review some recent examples thereof with the aim to illustrate how network science tools can be very effective in addressing both tasks. We will examine the use of bipartite networks that lead to the important concept of “disease module”, as well as the introduction of more articulated models, like multi‐scale and multiplex networks, able to describe disease systems at increasing levels of organization. Examples of predictive models will then be discussed, considering both those that exploit approaches purely based on graph theory and those that integrate machine learning methods. A short account of both kinds of methodological applications will be provided. Finally, the point will be made on the present situation of modeling complex drug–disease systems highlighting some open issues.This article is categorized under:
Neurological Diseases > Computational Models
Infectious Diseases > Computational Models
Cardiovascular Diseases > Computational Models
Ultrasonographic and radiographic evaluation of gestation in golden lanceheads (Bothrops insularis) in ex situ breeding programs
Authors: Garcia Viviane Campos , Amorim Lígia Grazziely dos Santos , Esteves Rhaiza Gama , de Carvalho‐e‐Silva Ana Maria Paulino Telles , de Almeida‐Santos Selma Maria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe golden lancehead (Bothrops insularis) is a critically endangered snake endemic to Queimada Grande Island, southeastern Brazil. Captive breeding programs are vital for the conservation of this species. This study evaluates the gestation of two females golden lanceheads using radiography and ultrasonography. The first female was collected on the island while reproductively active (late vitellogenesis or early pregnancy) and kept in captivity. This female gave birth to five neonates after an 8‐month gestation period, which is longer than estimates based on specimens preserved in museums. The second female copulated in captivity in July and probably ovulated in October. In this case, no embryonic development was detected, and the female deposited 14 undeveloped eggs approximately 6 months after ovulation.
Transnational Circulation of Home Through Objects: A Multisited Ethnography in Peruvian ‘Homes’
Authors: Pérez Murcia Luis Eduardo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhat is the added value of visiting migrants’ current and previous houses when investigating the transnational circulation of home? This chapter addresses this question, drawing on ethnographic research in houses inhabited by Peruvian migrants in England and Spain and by their relatives in Peru. Through the analysis of how the domestic space is organised and how individuals interact with their everyday materialities we can better understand the transnational circulation of home. Some objects can help those living at both ends of a migration corridor to feel emotionally and symbolically connected. As my empirical findings show, ordinary materialities play multiple roles in keeping families connected across transnational spaces. Moreover, everyday materialities afford migrants to be connected not only to the family members who stayed put but also to those who passed away. More broadly, engaging with migrants and their significant others’ domestic spaces contributes to conceptualise transnational homemaking. By entering into people’s domestic space migration, researchers can better understand the emotional and even spiritual connections that migrants and those affected by the migration of others establish with those objects and with people that no longer dwell with them. In short, we can better understand the ‘secret life’ some individuals built with their objects.
Compatibility of Balanced and SKT Metrics on Two-Step Solvable Lie Groups
Authors: Freibert Marco , Swann Andrew 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
It has been conjectured by Fino and Vezzoni that a compact complex manifold admitting both a compatible SKT and a compatible balanced metric also admits a compatible Kähler metric. Using the shear construction and classification results for two-step solvable SKT Lie algebras from our previous work, we prove this conjecture for compact two-step solvmanifolds endowed with an invariant complex structure which is either (a) of pure type or (b) of dimension six. In contrast, we provide two counterexamples for a natural generalisation of this conjecture in the homogeneous invariant setting. As part of the work, we obtain further classification results for invariant SKT, balanced and Kähler structures on two-step solvable Lie groups. In particular, we give the full classification of left-invariant SKT structures on two-step solvable Lie groups in dimension six.
Auditory, tactile, and multimodal noise reduce balance variability
Authors: Carey Sam , Ross Jessica M. , Balasubramaniam Ramesh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAuditory and somatosensory white noise can stabilize standing balance. However, the differential effects of auditory and tactile noise stimulation on balance are unknown. Prior work on unimodal noise stimulation showed gains in balance with white noise through the auditory and tactile modalities separately. The current study aims to examine whether multimodal noise elicits similar responses to unimodal noise. We recorded the postural sway of healthy young adults who were presented with continuous white noise through the auditory or tactile modalities and through a combination of both (multimodal condition) using a wearable device. Our results replicate previous work that showed that auditory or tactile noise reduces sway variability with and without vision. Additionally, we show that multimodal noise also reduces the variability of sway. Analysis of different frequency bands of sway is typically used to separate open-loop exploratory (< 0.3 Hz) and feedback-driven (> 0.3 Hz) sway. We performed this analysis and showed that unimodal and multimodal white noise affected postural sway variability similarly in both timescales. These results support that the sensory noise effects on balance are robust across unimodal and multimodal conditions and can affect both mechanisms of sway represented in the frequency spectrum. In future work, the parameters of acoustic/tactile manipulation should be optimized for the most effective balance stabilization, and multimodal therapies should be explored for older adults with typical age-related balance instabilities.
Gluing constructions for Lorentzian length spaces
Authors: Beran Tobias , Rott Felix 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe introduce an analogue to the amalgamation of metric spaces into the setting of Lorentzian pre-length spaces. This provides a very general process of constructing new spaces out of old ones. The main application in this work is an analogue of the gluing theorem of Reshetnyak for CAT(k) spaces, which roughly states that gluing is compatible with upper curvature bounds. Due to the absence of a notion of spacelike distance in Lorentzian pre-length spaces we can only formulate the theorem in terms of (strongly causal) spacetimes viewed as Lorentzian length spaces.
Progressive erythrocytosis under lenvatinib treatment in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Legros Laurence , Pascale Alina , Guettier Catherine , Eftekhari Pirayeh , Merabet Yasmina Ben , Stang Maryse , Bossevot Rachel , Goldschmidt Emma , Ulusakarya Ayhan , Morisset Stephane , Lewin Maïté , Samuel Didier , Rosmorduc Olivier 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This manuscript reports on the occurrence of early and frequent erythrocytosis in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with lenvatinib.

Methods
A cohort of 23 patients with advanced HCC, treated with this antiangiogenic drug for at least one month, was retrospectively analyzed.

Results
These patients (82.7% men, median age 58.3, cirrhosis in 60.8%) were treated between October 2019 and September 2020 with lenvatinib, as first-line systemic therapy for 82.6% of them. For 20 patients (87%), an early and significant increase in hemoglobin (Hb) level, up to 1.41 g/dL (p < 0.001) was reported and remained elevated. Ten patients (43.5%), all men, reached erythrocytosis (Hb > 16.5 g/dL), 7 were treated with low-dose aspirin for primary thromboprophylaxis and 2 needed phlebotomy. None underwent thromboembolic complications. A significant Hb decrease was observed after treatment discontinuation (p < 0.05). Erythropoietin (EPO) serum levels also increased, which was attributed to HCC after immunostaining for EPO in liver biopsies. The Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale documented the relationship between erythrocytosis and lenvatinib and regression at treatment discontinuation. Erythrocytosis was hypothesized to be a class effect of anti-VEGF therapies, the magnitude of which might depend on the IC50 value of each molecule.

Conclusion
This report documents the frequent occurrence of erythrocytosis during lenvatinib treatment for advanced HCC, likely secondary to EPO secretion by tumor cells through the antiangiogenic activity levatinib. An early and close monitoring of hematologic parameters is, thus, recommended, together with thromboprophylaxis by low-dose aspirin and phlebotomy in case of symptomatic erythrocytosis.