bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S-05-4: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS AND BLOOD PRESSURE
Authors: Poulter Neil Reginald 
Published: January 2023

Pollution via air, land and water was estimated to cause over nine million deaths globally in 2019.
The vast majority of these deaths and associated economic losses occur in LMICs.
It is estimated that almost seven million of these annual deaths are due to air pollution, which is increasing, due to an increase in outdoor sources whilst there has been a global decrease in household air pollution since 2000.
Of deaths caused by air pollution, it is estimated that approximately half are caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD) with about one third due to coronary heart disease and one fifth due to stroke.
One of the mechanisms whereby air pollution impacts adversely on CVD health is via raised blood pressure (BP). Lead pollution which is thought to cause almost one million deaths per year globally is also linked to increased BP levels and thereby to adverse CV outcomes.
This presentation will focus on air pollution and BP, since air pollution from combined indoor and outdoor sources is the major contributor to pollution-induced mortality.
Air pollution is cause by a mixture of particles or particulate matter (PM) and gaseous compounds which consist of nitrogen oxides.
The PM which consists of solid and liquid particles is classified by its aerodynamic diameter across a wide range and those with a diameter < 2.5pm (PM2.5) are commonly used to evaluate this form of pollution.
Short and longer-term exposures to elevated outdoor PM2.5 have been shown to be associated with higher BP and incident and prevalent hypertension. The mechanisms involved are thought to include damage to the vascular endothelium, via inflammatory and pro-oxidative reactions.
Few high-quality data linking different parameters of air pollution and effects on BP are available from around the world, particularly those areas worst affected by pollution.
Using the May Measurement Month (MMM) database, associations between BP and pollution are under investigation in retrospective and prospective studies.
In the retrospective studies data collected on the bespoke MMM app from 29 countries in MMM18 and MMM19 allow linkage between longitudinal and latitudinal coordinates of where BP was screened and PM2.5 pollution, based on data collected from ground monitors, satellite observations, meteorological data and land use.
In prospective studies from MMM21 data arising from 12 cities in the Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand and Indonesia, BP results and PM2.5 levels are in progress using linear mixed models to evaluate cross-sectional associations at the individual and screen-site levels.
S-06-5: HYPERTENSION MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Authors: Whelton Paul Kieran 
Published: January 2023

High blood pressure is a major risk factor for new-onset and recurrent cardiovascular disease, including coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure. Most of the early event-based trials of antihypertensive medication were primarily secondary prevention studies. For example, in the first randomized controlled trial (RCT) of antihypertensive medication versus placebo, 62% of the 87 trial participants had CVD at baseline. In subsequent antihypertensive drug treatment trials, with much larger sample sizes, stratified analysis suggested similar treatment benefits in those with or without CVD at baseline. Further, individual trials and meta-analyses in participants with CVD but without hypertension demonstrated that antihypertensive drug therapy was effective for the prevention of recurrent CVD. In recent trials of more intensive BP reduction, stratified analysis identified no difference in treatment benefit between those with or without CVD at baseline or between those with a higher or lower level of CVD risk at baseline. Clinical practice guidelines generally recommend a final SBP target of less than 130 mm Hg in adults with CVD.
Diuretics, ACEI, ARB, and CCB are the best-proven drug classes for antihypertensive therapy in adults without a compelling indication for choice of a particular BP-lowering medication. However, specific combinations are recommended for the management of hypertension in adults with an underlying co-morbidity such as stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD), stroke, heart failure, or kidney disease. Beta-blockers are first-line agents in adults with SIHD, diuretics and CCBs are preferred agents in adults with prior stroke, and long-acting thiazide-like agents are especially useful in adults with heart failure. BP/hypertension clinical practice guidelines provide detailed recommendations for choice of agents and BP targets in adults with hypertension and co-morbidities, including various forms of CVD.
PS-BPB03-1: ASSOCIATION OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE EFFECTS OF ESAXERENONE WITH THE INTERNAL SODIUM BALANCE IN DAHL SALT-SENSITIVE HYPERTENSIVE RATS
Authors: Rahman Asadur , Rahman Asasur , Kidoguchi Satoshi , Nourin Jahan , Fujisawa Yoshihide , Hossain Akram , Steeve Akumwami , Nakano Daisuke , Kobara Hideki , Masaki Tsutomu , Kitada Kento , Nishiyama Akira 
Published: January 2023

Background:
We have recently shown that the nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor blocker, esaxerenone elicits effective blood pressure reduction in Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive (DSS) rats. Here, we investigated the potential contribution of alterations in sodium homeostasis to esaxerenone-induced blood pressure reduction.

Methods:
In the different experimental setups, we evaluated blood pressure by the radio-telemetry system and sodium homeostasis by an approach of sodium in (food intake) and out (urinary excretion) in a low-salt diet (LSD, 0.3% NaCl), high-salt diet (HSD, 8% NaCl), HSD with 0.001 % esaxerenone (w/w), and HSD with 0.05% furosemide fed DSS rats.

Results:
HSD-fed DSS rats exhibited a non-dipper type hypertension, while esaxerenone treatment but not furosemide significantly reduced the BP with a dipper pattern. The cumulative urinary sodium excretion was significantly elevated from day 6 onward both in esaxerenone- and furosemide-treated rats compared to their HSD-fed counterparts in the active period where a significant increase in Na+/K+ ratio was evident for only the esaxerenone treatment group. Sodium content in the skin, skinned carcass as well as total body level tended to reduce in esaxerenone-treated rats compared to the HSD-fed matching parts, while these values were not changed in furosemide-treated rats. Consistently, sodium balance tended to be reduced in esaxerenone-treated rats during the active period. Histological evaluation revealed that esaxerenone but not furosemide treatment significantly attenuated glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in HSD-fed DSS rats. Collectively, these findings suggest that esaxerenone-induced blood pressure reduction is associated with the body sodium homeostasis in salt-loaded DSS rats.
PS-BPB04-2: P2RX7 DEFICIENCY OR P2RX7 ANTAGONISM BLUNTS ANGIOTENSIN II-INDUCED HYPERTENSION, VASCULAR INJURY AND CD8+ T CELL ACTIVATION
Authors: Paradis Pierre , Shokoples Brandon , Berillo Olga , Comeau Kevin , Higaki Akinori , Caillon Antoine , Ferreira Nathanne S , Schiffrin Ernesto L 
Published: January 2023

Objectives:
Innate and adaptive immune cells contribute to hypertension and end-organ damage. High blood pressure (BP) causes cardiovascular injury and the release of damage-associated molecule patterns such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP can bind to the purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2RX7) on innate immune cells triggering interleukin-1β; release, which drives further immune activation. Elevated plasma ATP levels was observed in hypertensive patients. We hypothesized that P2rx7 knockout or P2RX7 antagonism would blunt angiotensin II (AngII)-induced BP elevation and cardiovascular injury through decreased immune activation.

Design and method:
Ten-to-12-week-old male C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and P2rx7-/-
mice were infused or not with AngII (1000 ng/kg/min) for 14 days. A second group of AngII-infused WT mice was also infused with the P2RX7 antagonist AZ10606120 (694 ng/kg/min) or vehicle. BP was determined by telemetry, plasma ATP using a bioluminescence assay, mesenteric artery function using pressurized myography, cardiac left ventricle (LV) function and mass by ultrasound and activated immune T cell infiltration in aortic perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) by flow cytometry.

Results:
Plasma ATP was 2.2 fold higher in AngII-infused compared to sham-treated mice (P < 0.05). AngII-induced systolic BP elevation was reduced by P2rx7 deficiency (12 mm Hg, P < 0.05) or P2RX7 antagonism (27 mm Hg, P < 0.01). AngII induced a 26% decrease in LV fractional shortening (FS, P < 0.05) and a 1.5 fold increase in LV mass/body weight (BW) in WT mice (P < 0.001), which were exaggerated in P2rx7-/-
mice (FS: 38% lower and LVmass/BW: 1.14 fold higher, P < 0.05), but not in mice receiving AZ10606120. AngII treatment caused a 26% reduction in the dilatation response of mesenteric arteries to acetylcholine in WT mice (P < 0.05), but not in P2rx7-/-
or AZ10606120-treated mice. AngII promoted a 3.8 fold increase in CD69+CD8+ T cell infiltration in aortic PVAT of WT mice (P < 0.001), but not in P2rx7-/-
or AZ10606120-treated mice.

Conclusion:

P2rx7 knockout or antagonism attenuates AngII-induced BP elevation, vascular injury, and infiltration of activated CD8+ T cells into aortic PVAT. P2rx7 knockout exacerbated AngII-induced cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy, whereas P2RX7 antagonism did not.
PS-BPB04-4: RENAL DENERVATION IMPROVES THE SURVIVAL RATE VIA A REDUCTION IN HEART RATE IN HIGH SALT-FED DAHL SALT-SENSITIVE RATS
Authors: Morisawa Norihiko , Kitada Kento , Fujisawa Yoshihide , Yamazaki Daisuke , Nakano Daisuke , Titze Jens , Nishiyama Akira 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
We reported that high salt intake decreases heart rates via a reduction in renal sympathetic activity in normal Sprague Dawley rats to compensate for high salt-driven catabolism. We also revealed that Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats cannot reduce heart rates during high salt intake because of the abnormal activation of renal sympathetic nerve activity. It is known that high heart rates are negatively associated with life span. Therefore, we hypothesized that renal denervation ontributes to the long life span in high salt-fed DSS rats.

Design and Method:
(Experiment 1) We performed renal denervation (n = 9) or sham operation (n = 9) on male DSS rats at 4 weeks of age. At the same time, we implanted a radiotelemetry transmitter for blood pressure measurements in the above rats (sham (n = 4), renal denervation (n = 5)). After two weeks of recovery, we started feeding them a 4% NaCl diet with 0.9% NaCl water to drink (HS). We observed the survival rates, blood pressure, and heart rates. (Experiment 2) Male, 4-week-old DSS rats were divided into three groups: i) sham operation + 0.2% NaCl diet with tap water to drink, ii) sham operation + HS, and iii) renal denervation + HS (n = 6 per group). At 2 weeks post-surgery, the rats were fed the respective diets for 6 weeks. We weekly measured systolic blood pressure by a tail-cuff method. After 6 weeks of observation, we harvested their skin and skinned carcass to measure their body.

Results:
The renal-denervated DSS rats showed a higher survival rate compared to the sham-operated DSS rats (p < 0.05). While renal denervation showed a decrease in heart rate, there was no significant decrease in mean arterial pressure throughout the experimental period. High salt intake significantly increased body Na content (mmol/g dry weight), whereas renal denervation did not alter body Na content in DSS rats.

Conclusion:
Renal denervation improved the survival rate in high salt-fed Dahl salt-sensitive rats, which may be mediated by a reduction in heart rate, but not body Na content nor blood pressure.
PS-BPB05-5: KIDNEY ENHANCEMENT OF ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN SUPPRESSES KIDNEY INFLAMMATION IN A MOUSE MODEL OF ARISTOLOCHIC ACID NEPHROPATHY
Authors: Uehara Tatsuki , Urate Shingo , Wakui Hiromichi , Tsukamoto Shunichiro , Taguchi Shinya , Tanaka Shohei , Abe Eriko , Suzuki Toru , Azushima Kengo , Tamura Kouichi 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
We previously reported that genetic knockdown of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R)-associated protein (ATRAP) exacerbated the aging-associated kidney tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mice (Uneda K, et al. J Am Heart Assoc 2017). However, little is known about whether enhancement of ATRAP expression could affect any pathological stimuli-induced kidney fibrosis and inflammation. Recently we proposed that aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) might be a useful model of kidney aging along with tubulointerstitial fibrosis (Urate S, et al. Int J Mol Sci 2021). The present study was designed to investigate the functional role of ATRAP in kidney fibrosis and inflammation, using ATRAP transgenic mice subjected to AAN.

Design and method:
We generated ATRAP transgenic (Tg19) mice under the control of chicken β;-actin promoter. (Wakui H, et al. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010). The level of kidney ATRAP protein expression was about 4-fold higher in the Tg19 mice compared with wild-type littermate control (LC) mice. The Tg19 mice and LC mice were administered either vehicle or aristolochic acid (AA) (3 mg/kg) for 4 weeks, followed by a 4-week remodeling period. Kidney fibrosis was examined by histopathology and macrophage infiltration was determined by immunohistochemistry. Expression levels of genes associated with inflammation, fibrosis, and senescence were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immuno blot analyses.

Results:
AA administration provoked kidney fibrosis and inflammation accompanied by decreased kidney function. There were no significant differences in AA-induced kidney fibrosis estimated by qRT-PCR and histological analysis between the Tg19 and LC mice. Creatinine clearance was similarly decreased in the Tg19 and LC mice with AAN. However, AA-induced macrophage infiltration was significantly suppressed in the kidney of Tg19 mice compared with that of the LC mice. In addition, inflammation-, aging-, and oxidative stress-related genes (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β;, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, wnt family member 9A, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2) in response to AA administration were significantly suppressed in the kidney of the Tg19 mice compared with that of the LC mice.

Conclusion:
These results indicate that the enhancement of ATRAP expression suppresses kidney inflammation despite no evident effects on kidney fibrosis in a mouse model of AAN. ATRAP may be a therapeutic target for inflammation associated with CKD.
PS-B12-2: ENDOTHELIN TYPE A RECEPTOR BLOCKADE ATTENUATES HEART FAILURE IN RATS WITH ANGIOTENSIN II-DEPENDENT HYPERTENSION.
Authors: Kala Petr , Gawrys Olga , Miklovic Matus , Vanourkova Zdenka , Skaroupkova Petra , Jichova Sarka , Sadowski Janusz , Jezierska Elzbieta Kompanowska , Walkowska Agnieszka , Veselka Josef , Taborsky Milos , Maxova Hana , Vaneckova Ivana , Cervenka Ludek 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Evaluation of the effects of endothelin type A (ETA) receptor blockade on the echocardiography, hemodynamic cardiac and renal parameters, and the course of high-output heart failure (HF) in rats with angiotensin II-dependent hypertension.

Design and Methods:
Eight-week-old male Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR) were used as a model of angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. HF was induced by creating an aorto-caval fistula (ACF). Two weeks later, rats were divided into four groups: placebo (water) or three therapeutic groups (initial n minimum of 31 rats), and the treatment was initiated: in the first group, selective ETA receptor blockade was achieved by atrasentan, the second group received trandolapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi), and the third was treated by combinational therapy (atrasentan + trandolapril), all in drinking water. The follow-up period was twenty weeks, then echocardiography, renal hemodynamics and albuminuria, invasive pressure-volume (P-V) analysis of left ventricle (LV), and organ weight measurement were done.

Results:
Eighteen days after creating ACF, untreated TGR began to die, and none was alive by day 79. Both atrasentan and trandolapril treatment improved the survival rate, ultimately to 56% (18 of 31 animals) and 69% (22 of 32 animals), respectively. Combined ACE and ETA receptor blockade improved the final survival rate to 52% (17 of 33 animals). The effects of the three treatment regimens on the survival rate did not significantly differ (Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) p = 0.345) (Figure 1, A). Untreated ACF TGR displayed marked renal dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, lung congestion, and impairment of LV contractility. None of the treatment regimens affected the progress of renal dysfunction, but they suppressed the albuminuria (Figure 1, B), development of cardiac hypertrophy and lung congestion and improved LV systolic function.

Conclusion:
The treatment with ETA receptor antagonist delays the onset of decompensation of volume-overload HF and improves the survival rate in hypertensive TGR similar to ACE inhibition.
PS-P12-8: THE PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN FACTORY EMPLOYEES, DETECTED DURING THE PERIODIC EXAMINATION AT THE FACTORY.
Authors: Soonthornvinit Warisa 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
To describe the prevalence of hypertension in factory employees, detected during the periodic examination at the factory.

Design and method:
A descriptive study using the secondary data, a 2-year database (2020–2021) of 1,769 factory workers.

Results:
There were data of 1,769 workers from 11 different factories, 953 males (53.9%) and 816 females (46.1%). The majority age group was 40–49 years old (30.8%). Most of the workers were in a production line (61.6%).
Referring to the Thai Hypertension Society 2019, the prevalence of hypertension (BP > 149/90 mmHg) in factory employees was 28.4%.
Males (36.7%), age group of 50–59 years old (39.6%), vehicle control workers (42.2%), and mechanicians (40.5%) were detected with hypertension more than others.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of hypertension (BP > 149/90 mmHg) in factory employees detected during the periodic examination at the factory was 28.4%.
The role of Fusobacteria in oral cancer and immune evasion
Authors: Harrandah Amani M. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
There is growing evidence that suggests a possible role for bacteria in the progression of cancer. Fusobacteria have been detected in different types of cancers, including colorectal and oral cancers. Fusobacteria are common opportunistic oral bacteria known to cause various infections. In this review, we focus on the association between Fusobacteria and cancer, specifically oral cancer, and provide insight into the role of Fusobacteria in carcinogenesis and immune evasion.

Recent findings
Recently, it has been suggested that Fusobacteria are among the bacteria that contribute to the progression of cancer and might affect disease prognosis and treatment outcome. Moreover, Fusobacteria might alter tumor microenvironment and have an impact on tumor immune response. Thus, understanding the effect of Fusobacteria on cancer cells and tumor microenvironment is crucial to improve treatment outcome.

Summery
Recent evidences suggest that Fusobacteria not only have an impact on tumor progression, but might also affect tumor immune response. Moreover, Fusobacteria presence in the tumor microenvironment might have an impact on treatment outcome and might be used as a prognostic factor.
2021 Survey of Keratoplasty Postoperative Steroid Management
Authors: Boychev Nikolay , De Arrigunaga Sofia , Zhao Yan , Ciolino Joseph B. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
The aim of the study is to investigate US-based ophthalmologists’ preferred corneal transplant techniques and postoperative steroid regimen.

Methods:
Ophthalmologists attending the 2021 Cornea and Eye Banking Forum and/or Cornea Subspecialty Day were surveyed in person.

Results:
Ninety-two ophthalmologists with a median of 13 years (range of 1–35; mean of 14.5; ±9.05 mean ± SD) of experience as attending clinicians were surveyed. One hundred percent of the surgeons performed penetrating keratoplasty, which was followed by 96.7% for Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty, 90.2% for Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty, and 72.8% for deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty. Prednisolone 1% for postoperative care was the preferred choice across all surveyed keratoplasty techniques and postsurgery time intervals. All surgeons reported steroid administration frequency of 4 times a day in the first month and once a day after 12 months postkeratoplasty. To manage ocular hypertension after corneal transplantation, the leading approach was adding a glaucoma medication (44.6%), and beta-adrenergic antagonists were ranked as the most preferred choice by 59 (66.3%) of the respondents. For graft rejection after corneal transplantation, topical steroids (79.8%) were the initial treatment of choice with hourly administration being the most common frequency prescribed (87.4%). Most surgeons either agreed or strongly agreed (78.4%) that a randomized clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of different steroid regimens after corneal transplantation would influence their clinical decision making.

Conclusions:
Prednisolone remains the predominantly used steroid across different keratoplasties. Steroid regimens are similar for non–high-risk penetrating keratoplasty, Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty, Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty, and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty. To treat graft rejection, surgeons tend to initially add a glaucoma medication than to reduce the potency or frequency of the steroid.
Clinical thresholds in pain-related facial activity linked to differences in cortical network activation in neonates
Authors: Bucsea Oana , Rupawala Mohammed , Shiff Ilana , Wang Xiaogang , Meek Judith , Fitzgerald Maria , Fabrizi Lorenzo , Pillai Riddell Rebecca , Jones Laura 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In neonates, a noxious stimulus elicits pain-related facial expression changes and distinct brain activity as measured by electroencephalography, but past research has revealed an inconsistent relationship between these responses. Facial activity is the most commonly used index of neonatal pain in clinical settings, with clinical thresholds determining if analgesia should be provided; however, we do not know if these thresholds are associated with differences in how the neonatal brain processes a noxious stimulus. The objective of this study was to examine whether subclinical vs clinically significant levels of pain-related facial activity are related to differences in the pattern of nociceptive brain activity in preterm and term neonates. We recorded whole-head electroencephalography and video in 78 neonates (0-14 days postnatal age) after a clinically required heel lance. Using an optimal constellation of Neonatal Facial Coding System actions (brow bulge, eye squeeze, and nasolabial furrow), we compared the serial network engagement (microstates) between neonates with and without clinically significant pain behaviour. Results revealed a sequence of nociceptive cortical network activation that was independent of pain-related behavior; however, a separate but interleaved sequence of early activity was related to the magnitude of the immediate behavioural response. Importantly, the degree of pain-related behavior is related to how the brain processes a stimulus and not simply the degree of cortical activation. This suggests that neonates who exhibit clinically significant pain behaviours process the stimulus differently and that neonatal pain-related behaviours reflect just a portion of the overall cortical pain response.