bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relating the microstructural and glass transition temperature evolution of a carbon–carbon composite precursor during pyrolysis using thermomechanical analysis
Authors: Muhammed Faheem , Lavaggi Tania , Advani Suresh , Gillespie John W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolybenzoxazine thermoset resins exhibit significant potential as precursors for carbon–carbon composites, owing to their high char yield upon pyrolysis. During pyrolysis, the resin is converted to an amorphous carbon‐rich material through a series of mechanisms, resulting in a linear increase of the glass transition temperature (TG) from 133 to 396°C at 0.48 pyrolytic conversion. To better understand this relationship, a non‐isothermal kinetic model was integrated, enabling the prediction of the TG onset, inflection, and endpoint based on the heat treatment protocol (process temperature (TP) vs. time) and the total volume of pyrolytic gases generated. By considering the TG behavior and anticipated gas effects, three distinct mechanisms were identified: (1) gas accumulation and matrix expansion leading to increased sample thickness (TG < TP), (2) crack network formation caused by gas‐pressure‐induced brittle failure (TG > TP), and (3) sample thickness reduction due to gas venting through the crack network (TG < TP). To validate this theory, thermal mechanical analysis was performed during pyrolysis, and changes in thickness (±ΔL/L0) were attributed to gas pressure‐related matrix deformation. Conversely, no change in ΔL/L0 indicated the formation of an interconnected crack network through which gases could vent without building a measurable internal pressure.
Preparation and properties of photothermal responsive fragrance microcapsules
Authors: Han Yun‐Bao , Shi Ling‐Ling , Chen Zheng‐Guo , Zhang Zhao‐Xia , Zhang Guo‐Qing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStimulus‐responsive fragrance microcapsules gradually bring about the attention of the people by using the external environment as the “on/off” switch to achieve intelligent release of aromatic compounds. In this paper, the photothermal responsive fragrance microcapsules are successfully synthesized by in situ polymerization using methyl methacrylate (MMA) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) as wall materials simultaneously doped with polyaniline (PANI). The results indicate that the synthesized fragrance microcapsules have good spherical shape and thermal stability, which can prevent the leakage of essential oil. Furthermore, the addition of PANI effectively promotes the release of fragrance under the stimulation of light source, achieving photothermal responsive release. Meanwhile, the prepared fragrance microcapsules are applied to fabricate fragrance silk fabrics through soaking‐rolling‐baking procedure. The obtained aromatic fabrics show interesting light stimulation release behavior and good washing fastness.
Positional isomeric effect of nitro group substituted indoles on the electropolymerization and the capacitance performances of their polymers
Authors: Ma Xiumei , Zhu Zhengyou , Lu Baoyang , Xu Jingkun , Zhou Weiqiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe isomers of conducting polymers usually have different properties, however, there are still few studies on the isomeric effect of conducting polymers in supercapacitors field. In this work, four isomers (4‐nitroindole, 5‐nitroindole, 6‐nitroindole, and 7‐nitroindole) were selected as the research objects to study the positional isomeric effect of nitro group substituted indoles on the electropolymerization and the capacitance performances of their polymers. The results show that the prepared poly(5‐nitroindole) (5‐PNI) and poly(6‐nitroindole) (6‐PNI) are in nanowires structure, poly(7‐nitroindole) (7‐PNI) is in dense structure, while poly(4‐nitroindole) (4‐PNI) fails to be prepared. In addition, the as‐prepared 5‐PNI, 6‐PNI nanowires and dense 7‐PNI exhibit very different electrochemical properties and capacitance performances. Taking into account the specific capacitance (364 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1), rate capability (58.5%) and cyclic stability (94% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles test), it can be concluded that 5‐PNI is the most suitable electrode material in the field of supercapacitors.
Double jeopardy: The objectification of women as mothers
Authors: Heru Alison M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWestern societies exact a tall order on women who choose to have children. Western norms include an unspoken critique of working women: Are you someone who prioritizes paid work over child caregiving, or do you prioritize child caregiving over work? This double objectification of women who are mothers is their double jeopardy. Although there are multiple jeopardies for those who are not of the dominant caste, for women, the greatest second jeopardy is that of a mother. I outline the jeopardy of being a woman in Western societies, focusing on the history of demonization, including a brief discourse on how psychiatry has perpetuated this demonization. I give historical reference to exceptional women of courage and strength, women who have not yet reached the public imagination. I outline the history of the idealization and vilification of mothers and its reach into the practices of parenting. I propose some solutions to resolve the problem of double jeopardy.
Regulation of three subtypes of SOD gene in Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Acari:Acaridae) under lead stress
Authors: Ai Hui , Xiong Wenhui , Zhu Peipei , Chen Yajuan , Ji Yueming , Jiang Xiantong , Xin Tianrong , Xia Bin , Zou Zhiwen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSuperoxide dismutase (SOD) is an important enzyme that acts as the first line of protection in the mite antioxidant defense system, involved in eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS) under harsh environmental conditions. Nevertheless, the SOD gene family was yet to be reported in stored grain pest mite (Aleuroglyphus ovatus). In this study, A. ovatus was used to evaluate the response of SOD gene during lead stress. A. ovatus were separately exposed to different concentration lead (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg), which induce the dynamic trend of SOD enzyme activity initially increased and then reduced with an increase in lead concentration, whereas they were still substantially higher than the control group. Moreover, after lead stress, it was found that all of the three SOD genes showed enhanced relative messenger RNA expression at high concentrations and decreased relative expression at low concentrations, which indicated that lead stress induces the expression of AoSODs. The present work implies that AoSODs play an important role in resisting oxidative damage caused by lead stress.
Impact and development of an Open Web Index for open web search
Authors: Granitzer Michael , Voigt Stefan , Fathima Noor Afshan , Golasowski Martin , Guetl Christian , Hecking Tobias , Hendriksen Gijs , Hiemstra Djoerd , Martinovič Jan , Mitrović Jelena , Mlakar Izidor , Moiras Stavros , Nussbaumer Alexander , Öster Per , Potthast Martin , Srdič Marjana Senčar , Megi Sharikadze , Slaninová Kateřina , Stein Benno , de Vries Arjen P. , Vondrák Vít , Wagner Andreas , Zerhoudi Saber 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWeb search is a crucial technology for the digital economy. Dominated by a few gatekeepers focused on commercial success, however, web publishers have to optimize their content for these gatekeepers, resulting in a closed ecosystem of search engines as well as the risk of publishers sacrificing quality. To encourage an open search ecosystem and offer users genuine choice among alternative search engines, we propose the development of an Open Web Index (OWI). We outline six core principles for developing and maintaining an open index, based on open data principles, legal compliance, and collaborative technology development. The combination of an open index with what we call declarative search engines will facilitate the development of vertical search engines and innovative web data products (including, e.g., large language models), enabling a fair and open information space. This framework underpins the EU‐funded project OpenWebSearch.EU, marking the first step towards realizing an Open Web Index.
Stability of a mean field game of production adjustment
Authors: Wang Yanying , Xin Baogui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe propose a mean field game model to study the stability of production adjustment by extending a kind of linear quadratic Gaussian game in large population systems. First, we present the model's equilibrium solutions by a backward HJB equation and a forward FPK equation. Second, we employ the local perturbation method to transform the nonlinear problem into a linear one to study the solutions' stability. Third, we use the spectrum and contraction analyses to study the stationary solutions' linear stability. At last, we validate the results by the numerical simulation. The results show that the additional cost coefficient and noise intensity affect the system's stability. If the additional cost coefficient and the noise intensity are large enough for firms to change their outputs, then firms will try to reduce their production adjustment and remain stable long‐term.
Exploration of mRNA nanoparticles based on DOTAP through optimization of the helper lipids
Authors: Ma Xueni , Wu Fanqi , Peng Caihong , Chen Huiling , Zhang Dekui , Han Tiyun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are one of the most efficient carriers for RNA packaging and delivery, and vaccines based on mRNA‐LNPs have received substantial attention since the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. LNPs based on 1,2‐dioleoyl‐3‐trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) have been widely used in preclinical and clinical settings. A novel non‐viral gene delivery system called LNP3 was previously developed, which was composed of DOTAP, 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), and cholesterol. One of the helper lipids in this carrier was DOPE, which belongs to phospholipids. Given that substituting DOPE with non‐phospholipids as helper lipids can increase the delivery efficiency of some LNPs, this study aimed to examine whether non‐phospholipids can be formulated with DOTAP as helper lipids. It was found that monoglycerides with C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, and C18:2 mediated mRNA transfection, and the transfection efficiency varied between C18:0, C18:1, and C18:2. Furthermore, substituting of the glycerol with other moieties such as the cholesterol or the ethanolamine similarly mediated mRNA transfection. The introduction of cholesterol can further improve the transfection capacity of some DOTAP‐based LNPs. One of the best‐performing formulations, LNP3‐MO, was used to mediate luciferase‐mRNA expression in vivo, and the luminescence signal was found to be mainly enriched in the lung and spleen. In addition, the level of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike antibody in the serum increased after three doses of LNP3‐MO mediated SARS‐CoV‐2 spike mRNA. Altogether, this study demonstrates that non‐phospholipids are promising helper lipids that can be formulated with DOTAP to facilitate efficient delivery of mRNAs in vitro and in vivo with organ‐specific targeting.
Electroacupuncture ameliorates pain in cervical spondylotic radiculopathy rat by inhibiting the CaMKII/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway and regulating spinal synaptic plasticity
Authors: Su Hong , Chen Haiyan , Zhang Xi , Su Shengyong , Li Jing , Guo Yanjun , Wang Qiongxiao , Xie Caiyun , Yang Pu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundCentral sensitization is one of the important mechanisms underlying neuropathic and radicular pain due to cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR). Recent studies have shown that the calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)/cAMP‐response element binding protein (CREB)/brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway mediates central sensitization through its involvement in spinal cord synaptic plasticity. Our group has previously found that electroacupuncture (EA) has a good analgesic effect on CSR. However, the central analgesic mechanism of EA for CSR is not yet clear.MethodsThe rats were randomly divided into Blank group, Sham‐operated group, CSR group, and EA group. We prepared the CSR rat model using the fish wire extrusion method. The behavioral and mechanical pain thresholds of the rats in each group were measured 5 days after successful modeling and 7 days after the intervention. The first intervention was started 5 days after successful modeling, and the EA group was treated by acupuncture at the bilateral LI4 and LR3 points on the same side as one group, connected to a G6805‐I electroacupuncture apparatus with continuous waves at 1.5 Hz. The remaining groups were not subjected to EA intervention. The treatment was administered once a day for 7 consecutive days and then executed. We used WB, immunofluorescence, and qRT‐PCR to detect the expression of CaMKII/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway‐related factors in the synaptic of rat spinal cord in each group.ResultsEA improved pain threshold and motor function in CSR rats, inhibited the expression of BDNF, P‐TrkB, CAMKII, and P‐CREB in spinal cord synapses, reduced the expression of pain factor c‐fos and postsynaptic membrane protein molecule neuroligin2, exerted a modulating effect on spinal cord synaptic plasticity in CSR rats, and suppressed the overactive synaptic efficacy.ConclusionEA mediates central sensitization and exerts analgesic effects on CSR by modulating spinal synaptic plasticity, which may be related to the inhibition of CaMKII/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway.
GPR30 agonist G1 combined with hypothermia alleviates cognitive impairment and anxiety‐like behavior after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats
Authors: Peng Jun , He Yang , He Jun , Zhang Ji‐kun , Yu Zheng‐tao , Xia Ying 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the treatment effect of G protein‐coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) agonist G1 combined with hypothermia (HT) on cognitive impairment and anxiety‐like behavior after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats.MethodsFifty male rats were randomly assigned to one of five groups: Sham group, SAH group, SAH + G1 group, SAH + HT group, and SAH + G1 + HT group. The SAH rat model was established by modified endovascular puncture in all groups except the Sham group. Neurological function after the operation was assessed by Garcia scoring. The degree of rat cerebral edema was determined using dry‐wet weighing method on the 28th day after operation. Moreover, the behavioral test was performed on rats on the 4th and 28th days after operation.ResultsCompared with Sham group, the Garcia score of each SAH rat model group decreased significantly on the first day and thereafter increased gradually. However, the recovery rate of each treatment group was higher than the SAH group (no treatment), and the Garcia score of SAH + G1 + HT group was much higher than the SAH group on the seventh day after operation. In addition, each treatment group could obviously reduce the cerebral edema degree of SAH rats, among which rats in SAH + G1 + HT group had lower cerebral edema degree than SAH + G1 group and SAH + HT group. Behavioral test results showed that the combination of GPR30 agonist G1 and HT markedly improved the learning and memory ability of SAH rats, alleviated their anxiety‐ and emotion‐related behavior, and enhanced their social interaction.ConclusionGPR30 agonist G1 combined with HT reduces cognitive impairment and anxiety‐like behavior in rats with SAH.
Association of PD‐L1 tumor proportion score ≥20% with early resistance to osimertinib in patients with EGFR‐mutated NSCLC
Authors: Hamakawa Yusuke , Agemi Yoko , Shiba Aya , Ikeda Toshiki , Higashi Yuko , Aga Masaharu , Miyazaki Kazuhito , Taniguchi Yuri , Misumi Yuki , Nakamura Yukiko , Shimokawa Tsuneo , Saigusa Yusuke , Kobayashi Nobuaki , Okamoto Hiroaki , Kaneko Takeshi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‐TKI) resistance, including osimertinib, and programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression status in EGFR‐mutated non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) remains unclear.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 64 patients with unresectable advanced or metastatic NSCLC carrying EGFR exon 19 deletions (ex19del) or EGFR exon 21 L858R substitutions (L858R) who received osimertinib as the first‐line treatment. We compared progression‐free survival (PFS) between eligible patients with PD‐L1 tumor proportion scores (TPS) ≥20% and PD‐L1 TPS <20% using the Kaplan–Meier survival plots with a log‐rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed to examine the poor prognostic factors of PFS.ResultsThe PD‐L1 TPS ≥20% group included 22 cases (median [range] age: 70.5 [33–86] years; 10 women [45.5%]; 11 current or ex‐smokers [50%]); ECOG performance status (PS) of 0–1/2/3/4 was noted in 16/4/1/1 patients, respectively. The PD‐L1 TPS <20% group included 42 patients (median [range] age 73 [43–88] years; 29 women [69%]; 12 current or ex‐smokers [28.6%]); ECOG PS of 0–1/2/3/4 was noted in 33/6/3/0 cases, respectively. The median PFS was 9.1 and 28.1 months in the PD‐L1 TPS ≥20% and PD‐L1 TPS <20% groups, respectively (log‐rank p = 0.013). Multivariate analysis revealed that PD‐L1 TPS ≥20% was associated with PFS (hazard ratio: 2.35, 95% confidence interval: 1.09–5.08, p = 0.030).ConclusionPD‐L1 TPS ≥20% in patients with EGFR‐mutated NSCLC may be associated with early resistance to osimertinib.
Aging characteristics of colorectal cancer based on gut microbiota
Authors: Wu Yinhang , Zhuang Jing , Zhang Qi , Zhao Xingming , Chen Gong , Han Shugao , Hu Boyang , Wu Wei , Han Shuwen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAging is one of the factors leading to cancer. Gut microbiota is related to aging and colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsA total of 11 metagenomic data sets related to CRC were collected from the R package curated Metagenomic Data. After batch effect correction, healthy individuals and CRC samples were divided into three age groups. Ggplot2 and Microbiota Process packages were used for visual description of species composition and PCA in healthy individuals and CRC samples. LEfSe analysis was performed for species relative abundance data in healthy/CRC groups according to age. Spearman correlation coefficient of age‐differentiated bacteria in healthy individuals and CRC samples was calculated separately. Finally, the age prediction model and CRC risk prediction model were constructed based on the age‐differentiated bacteria.ResultsThe structure and composition of the gut microbiota were significantly different among the three groups. For example, the abundance of Bacteroides vulgatus in the old group was lower than that in the other two groups, the abundance of Bacteroides fragilis increased with aging. In addition, seven species of bacteria whose abundance increases with aging were screened out. Furthermore, the abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia_coli, Butyricimonas_virosa, Ruminococcus_bicirculans, Bacteroides_fragilis and Streptococcus_vestibularis) increased with aging in CRCs. The abundance of probiotics (Eubacterium_eligens) decreased with aging in CRCs. The age prediction model for healthy individuals based on the 80 age‐related differential bacteria and model of CRC patients based on the 58 age‐related differential bacteria performed well, with AUC of 0.79 and 0.71, respectively. The AUC of CRC risk prediction model based on 45 disease differential bacteria was 0.83. After removing the intersection between the disease‐differentiated bacteria and the age‐differentiated bacteria from the healthy samples, the AUC of CRC risk prediction model based on remaining 31 bacteria was 0.8. CRC risk prediction models for each of the three age groups showed no significant difference in accuracy (young: AUC=0.82, middle: AUC=0.83, old: AUC=0.85).ConclusionAge as a factor affecting microbial composition should be considered in the application of gut microbiota to predict the risk of CRC.
Anticancer Potential of the Plant‐Derived Saponin Gracillin: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanistic Approaches
Authors: Bhuia Md. Shimul , Chowdhury Raihan , Sonia Fatema Akter , Kamli Hossam , Shaikh Ahmad , El‐Nashar Heba A. S. , El‐Shazly Mohamed , Islam Muhammad Torequl 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWith the increasing prevalence of cancer and the toxic side effects of synthetic drugs, natural products are being developed as promising therapeutic approaches. Gracillin is a naturally occurring triterpenoid steroidal saponin with several therapeutic activities. It is obtained as a major compound from different Dioscorea species. This review was designated to summarize the research progress on the anti‐cancer activities of gracillin focusing on the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, as well as its pharmacokinetic features. The data were collected (up to date as of May 1, 2023) from various reliable and authentic literatures comprising PubMed, Springer Link, Scopus, Wiley Online, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The findings demonstrated that gracillin displays promising anticancer effects through various molecular mechanisms, including anti‐inflammatory effects, apoptotic cell death, induction of oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, induction of genotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, anti‐proliferative effect, autophagy, inhibition of glycolysis, and blocking of cancer cell migration. Additionally, this review highlighted the pharmacokinetic features of gracillin, indicating its lower oral bioavailability. As a conclusion, it can be proposed that gracillin could serve as a hopeful chemotherapeutic agent. However, further extensive clinical research is recommended to establish its safety, efficacy, and therapeutic potential in cancer treatment.
Four Pairs of Neuroprotective Aryldihydronaphthalene‐Type Lignanamide Enantiomers from the Herbs of Solanum lyratum
Authors: Mi Si‐Hui , Chang Ye , Zhang Xin , Hou Jiao‐Yang , Niu Jia‐Qi , Hao Jin‐Le , Yao Guo‐Dong , Lin Bin , Huang Xiao‐Xiao , Bai Ming , Song Shao‐Jiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFour pairs of aryldihydronaphthalene‐type lignanamide enantiomers were isolated from Solanum lyratum (Solanaceae). The enantiomeric separation was accomplished by chiral‐phase HPLC, and five undescribed compounds were elucidated. Analysis by various spectroscopy and ECD calculations, the structures of undescribed compounds were illuminated. The neuroprotective effects of all compounds were evaluated using H2O2‐induced human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells and AchE inhibition activity. Among them, compound 4 a exhibited remarkable neuroprotective effects at high concentrations of 25 and 50 μmol/L comparable to Trolox. Compound 1 a showed the highest AchE inhibition with the IC50 value of 3.06±2.40 μmol/L. Molecular docking of the three active compounds was performed and the linkage between the compounds and the active site of AchE was elucidated.