bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between seasonal variation in isoprene emission and plant hormone profiles in the tropical plant Ficus septica
Authors: Iqbal M. A. , Miyamoto K. , Yumoto E. , Oogai S. , Mutanda I. , Inafuku M. , Oku H. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In Ficus septica, the short‐term control of isoprene production and, therefore, isoprene emission has been linked to the hormone balance between auxin (IAA) and jasmonic acid (JA). However, the relationship between long‐term changes in isoprene emission and that of plant hormones remains unknown.
This study tracked isoprene emissions from F. septica leaves, plant hormone concentrations and signalling gene expression, MEP pathway metabolite concentrations, and related enzyme gene expression for 1 year in the field to better understand the role of plant hormones and their long‐term control.
Seasonality of isoprenes was mainly driven by temperature‐ and light‐dependent variations in substrate availability through the MEP route, as well as transcriptional and post‐transcriptional control of isoprene synthase (IspS). Isoprene emissions are seasonally correlated with plant hormone levels. This was especially evident in the cytokinin profiles, which decreased in summer and increased in winter. Only 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methylbut‐2‐butenyl‐4‐diphosphate (HMBDP) exhibited a positive connection with cytokinins among the MEP metabolites examined, suggesting that HMBDP and its biosynthetic enzyme, HMBDP synthase (HDS), play a role in channelling of MEP pathway metabolites to cytokinin production.
Thus, it is probable that cytokinins have potential feed‐forward regulation of isoprene production. Under long‐term natural conditions, the hormonal balance of IAA/JA‐Ile was not associated with IspS transcripts or isoprene emissions. This study builds on prior work by revealing differences between short‐ and long‐term hormonal modulation of isoprene emissions in the tropical tree F. septica.
Prenatal and postnatal exposure to NO2 and rapid infant weight gain – A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Alterman Neora , Youssim Iaroslav , Nevo Daniel , Calderon‐Margalit Ronit , Yuval  , Broday David , Hauzer Michael , Raz Raanan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildhood overweight and obesity is a global public health problem. Rapid infant weight gain is predictive of childhood overweight. Studies found that exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with childhood overweight, and have linked prenatal exposure to air pollution with rapid infant weight gain.ObjectivesTo examine the association between prenatal and postnatal ambient NO2 exposure, a traffic‐related marker, with rapid weight gain in infants.MethodsWe carried out a population‐based historical cohort study using data from the Israeli national network of maternal and child health clinics. The study included 474,136 infants born at term with birthweight ≥2500 g in 2011–2019 in central Israel. Weekly averages of NO2 concentration throughout pregnancy (prenatal) and the first 4 weeks of life (postnatal) were assessed using an optimized dispersion model and were linked to geocoded home addresses. We modelled weight gain velocity throughout infancy using the SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation (SITAR) method, a mixed‐effects nonlinear model specialized for modelling growth curves, and defined rapid weight gain as the highest velocity tertile. Distributed‐lag models were used to assess critical periods of risk and to measure relative risks for rapid weight gain. Adjustments were made for socioeconomic status, population group, subdistrict, month and year of birth, and the alternate exposure period – prenatal or postnatal.ResultsThe cumulative adjusted relative risk for rapid weight gain of NO2 exposure was 1.02 (95% confidence intereval [CI] 1.00, 1.04) for exposure throughout pregnancy and 1.02 (95% CI 1.01, 1.04) for exposure during the first four postnatal weeks per NO2 interquartile range increase (7.3 ppb). An examination of weekly associations revealed that the critical period of risk for the prenatal exposure was from mid‐pregnancy to birth.ConclusionsPrenatal and postnatal exposures to higher concentrations of traffic‐related air pollution are each independently associated with rapid infant weight gain, a risk factor for childhood overweight and obesity.
The unvirtuous cycle of loss and damage: Addressing systemic impacts of climate change in small islands from a vulnerability perspective
Authors: Benjamin Lisa , Thomas Adelle 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHistorically, climate change vulnerability and loss and damage have been conceptualized as a narrow and linear pathway—with geographic and socioeconomic vulnerability leading to increasing incidents of loss and damage. However, this conceptualization falls short of considering how evolving and cumulative loss and damage affects the stability and economic security of island nations, contributes to development rollbacks and increases vulnerability to future climate impacts. We highlight the limitations of how relationships between vulnerability, loss and damage and development have been understood and applied by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and consequently in the United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to address these multi‐scalar, systemic and cumulative impacts. Other approaches consider relationships between climate change, vulnerability and larger developmental impacts, including the concept of a multidimensional vulnerability index (MVI). But experiences with MVI in other international forums have not been positive and may in fact put more pressure on developing countries to compete for limited financial resources. Introducing MVI into the UNFCCC system, may, therefore, be detrimental to Small Island Developing States and marginalize other developing countries. Instead, more pressure should be placed on developed countries to broaden their understanding of loss and damage and make more climate finance available to developing countries that are bearing the brunt of climate impacts. There may now be greater opportunity within the UNFCCC framework to address these cyclical and systemic aspects of loss and damage with new and enhanced financial arrangements for loss and damage, as well as the establishment of a loss and damage fund. We argue that these new institutional developments should include broader and cyclical concepts of loss and damage.
Marginal additive models for population‐averaged inference in longitudinal and cluster‐correlated data
Authors: McGee Glen , Stringer Alex 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe propose a novel marginal additive model (MAM) for modeling cluster‐correlated data with nonlinear population‐averaged associations. The proposed MAM is a unified framework for estimation and uncertainty quantification of a marginal mean model, combined with inference for between‐cluster variability and cluster‐specific prediction. We propose a fitting algorithm that enables efficient computation of standard errors and corrects for estimation of penalty terms. We demonstrate the proposed methods in simulations and in application to (a) a longitudinal study of beaver foraging behavior and (b) a spatial analysis of Loa loa infection in West Africa.
Antichain codes
Authors: Gunby Benjamin , He Xiaoyu , Narayanan Bhargav , Spiro Sam 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA family of sets is said to be an antichain if for all distinct , and it is said to be a distance‐ code if every pair of distinct elements of has Hamming distance at least . Here, we prove that if is both an antichain and a distance‐ code, then . This result, which is best‐possible up to the implied constant, is a purely combinatorial strengthening of a number of results in Littlewood–Offord theory; for example, our result gives a short combinatorial proof of Hálasz's theorem, while all previously known proofs of this result are Fourier‐analytic.
Canonical domains for coadjoint orbits
Authors: Martínez Torres David 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper describes two real analytic symplectomorphisms defined on appropriate dense open subsets of any coadjoint orbit of a compact semisimple Lie algebra. The first symplectomorphism sends the open dense subset to a bounded subset of a standard cotangent bundle. The second symplectomorphism has as target a bounded subset of a hyperbolic coadjoint orbit of an associated non‐compact semisimple Lie algebra. Therefore, coadjoint orbits of compact Lie algebras are symplectic compactifications of domains of cotangent bundles, and are in symplectic correspondence with hyperbolic orbits of non‐compact semisimple Lie algebras.
Expansion of the fundamental solution of a second‐order elliptic operator with analytic coefficients
Authors: Franceschini Federico , Glaudo Federico 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLet be a second‐order elliptic operator with analytic coefficients defined in . We construct explicitly and canonically a fundamental solution for the operator, that is, a function such that . As a consequence of our construction, we obtain an expansion of the fundamental solution in homogeneous terms (homogeneous polynomials divided by a power of , plus homogeneous polynomials multiplied by if the dimension is even) which improves the classical result of [6]. The control we have on the complexity of each homogeneous term is optimal and in particular, when is the Laplace–Beltrami operator of an analytic Riemannian manifold, we recover the construction of the fundamental solution due to Kodaira [8]. The main ingredients of the proof are a harmonic decomposition for singular functions and the reduction of the convergence of our construction to a nontrivial estimate on weighted paths on a graph with vertices indexed by .
Roton-Enabled Mechanical Diode at Extremely Low Frequency
Authors: Yang Tianzhi , Duan Zhonglei , Meng Xiangbo , Liu Shuanglong , Chen Li-Qun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a refined model for a mechanical diode based on a mass-spring system. The proposed model utilizes a bilinear spring to construct a frequency converter, which effectively disrupts the reciprocal transmission of acoustic waves. By employing a mass-spring-mass system as a filter, a nonlocal connection is introduced to generate an extremely low-frequency band gap (2–4 Hz), thereby achieving a mechanical diode with a lower operating frequency. The feasibility of these low-frequency mechanical diodes is demonstrated through comprehensive numerical simulations and experimental analyses. In addition, we evaluated the effect of bilinear springs and nonlocal connection parameters on the diode performance.
Exploring Robust Decisions in the Design of Coupled Engineered Systems
Authors: Sharma Gehendra , Allen Janet K. , Mistree Farrokh 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Engineered systems can be characterized by the inherent uncertainties and interactions in the system. To effectively design such engineered systems while improving the quality of design decisions, we contend that addressing the inherent interactions and uncertainties is critical. By addressing interactions, we incorporate the ability to account for the influence of one design decision over another in the decision-making process. Through uncertainty management, we design decisions that are relatively insensitive to uncertainty. In this article, we identify various elements required for designing engineered systems and address some key elements: (i) decision identification and classification, (ii) modeling decisions and their interactions, (iii) managing the effect of uncertainties in decisions, and (iv) solution space exploration. We utilize these key elements in the formulation and exploration of design problems using three design examples: (i) design of a fender, (ii) design of a gearbox, and (iii) design of a composite structure. As a contribution, we offer a generic method that enables designers to design engineered systems when interactions and uncertainties are prevalent in design decisions.
A GPU-Based Parallel Region Classification Method for Continuous Constraint Satisfaction Problems
Authors: Zhang Guanglu , Feng Wangchuan , Cagan Jonathan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Continuous constraint satisfaction is prevalent in many science and engineering fields. When solving continuous constraint satisfaction problems, it is more advantageous for practitioners to derive all feasible regions (i.e., the solution space) rather than a limited number of solution points, since these feasible regions facilitate design concept generation and design tradeoff evaluation. Several central processing unit (CPU)-based branch-and-prune methods and geometric approximation methods have been proposed in prior research to derive feasible regions for continuous constraint satisfaction problems. However, these methods have not been extensively adopted in practice, mainly because of their high computational expense. To overcome the computational bottleneck of extant CPU-based methods, this paper introduces a GPU-based parallel region classification method to derive feasible regions for continuous constraint satisfaction problems in a reasonable computational time. Using interval arithmetic, coupled with the computational power of GPU, this method iteratively partitions the design space into many subregions and classifies these subregions as feasible, infeasible, and indeterminate regions. To visualize these classified regions in the design space, a planar visualization approach that projects all classified regions into one figure is also proposed. The GPU-based parallel region classification method and the planar visualization approach are validated through two case studies about the bird function and the welded beam design. These case studies show that the method and the approach can solve the continuous constraint satisfaction problems and visualize the results effectively and efficiently. A four-step procedure for implementing the method and the approach in practice is also outlined.
Large-Range Rotation-to-Translation Compliant Transmission Mechanism
Authors: Archer Nigel C. , Hopkins Jonathan B. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A large-range-of-motion compliant transmission mechanism is introduced that uses the screw degrees-of-freedom (DOF) of a multi-DOF compliant module, sandwiched between two other single-DOF compliant modules, to convert a rotational input to a collinear translational output and vice versa. The geometric advantages (i.e., transmission ratios) of the mechanism when driven with a rotation to a translation or with a translation to a rotation can be tuned as desired. The freedom and constraint topologies (FACT) approach is used to design the mechanism, and stiffness matrices are used to explain why the transmission ratio of the mechanism is different depending on whether the mechanism is driven with its rotational or translational inputs. A version of the mechanism is fabricated and its transmission ratio is measured to be ∼1.36 mm/deg when the mechanism is driven with a rotation, and is measured to be the inverse of ∼1.89 mm/deg when the mechanism is driven with a translation. The transmission ratios both remain impressively constant over the mechanism’s full range of motion and only vary slightly when they are actuated in different directions (i.e., counterclockwise or clockwise if the mechanism is driven with a rotation, or pushing or pulling if the mechanism is driven with a translation).
Document Understanding-Based Design Support: Application of Language Model for Design Knowledge Extraction
Authors: Qiu Yunjian , Jin Yan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Design knowledge in the vast amount of design reports and documents can be an excellent resource for designers in their practice. However, capturing such domain-specific information embedded in long-length unstructured texts is always time-consuming and sometimes tricky. Therefore, it is highly desirable for a computer system to automatically extract the main knowledge points and their corresponding inner structures from given documents. In this study of document understanding for design support (DocUDS), a design-perspective knowledge extraction approach is proposed that uses phrase-level domain-specific labeled datasets to finetune a Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers (BERT) model so that it can extract design knowledge from documents. The BERT model finetuning attempts to blend in the domain-specific knowledge of well-recognized domain concepts and is based on the datasets generated from design reports. The model is utilized to map the captured sentences to the main design entities &lt;reguirement&gt;, &lt;function&gt;, and &lt;solution&gt;. In addition, this approach uncovers inner relationships among the sentences and constructs overall structures of documents to enhance understanding. The definitions of design perspectives, inter-perspective relations, and intra-perspective relations are introduced, which together capture the main design knowledge points and their relations and constitute an understanding of the design domain knowledge of a text. The case study results have demonstrated the proposed approach's effectiveness in understanding and extracting relevant design knowledge points.
Motion Performance Study of 2UPR-1RPS/2R Hybrid Robot Based on Kinematics, Dynamics, and Stiffness Modeling
Authors: Li Jing , Lu NingHe , Shen NanYan , Ma ZeHui , Zhao ZiQi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The unique structural characteristics of hybrid robots, such as few degrees-of-freedom (DOF) and redundant constraints, lead to a series of challenges in the establishment of theoretical models. However, these theoretical models are indispensable parts of motion control. Therefore, this paper focuses on establishing the kinematics, dynamics, and stiffness models for an Exechon-like hybrid robot, which are then used for error compensation and velocity planning to improve the robot’s motion performance. First, the kinematic model is derived through intermediate parameters and the kinematics equivalent chains. By analyzing the parasitic motion due to few DOF, the redundant equations in the model are eliminated to obtain the solution of inverse kinematics. Second, based on the beam element, the optimal equivalent configuration of the moving platform which connects the parallel part and serial part is determined, and then an entire equivalent structure of the robot is formed. It helps establish the stiffness model by using the matrix structure analysis method. Next, the dynamic model is established by combining the Newton–Euler method with co-deformation theory to solve the underdetermined dynamic equations caused by redundant constraints. Finally, the compensation method is designed based on the stiffness model and kinematic model to improve the end positioning accuracy of the robot; the velocity planning algorithm is designed based on the dynamic model and kinematic model to enhance the smoothness of the robot motion. The methods proposed in this paper are also of referential significance to other Exechon-like hybrid robots.
The Central Indian Tectonic Zone: A Rodinia supercontinent-forming collisional zone and analogy with the Grenville and Sveconorwegian orogens
Authors: Bhattacharya Abhijit , Banerjee Anwesa , Sequeira Nicole 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the paleogeographic reconstructions of the Rodinia supercontinent, the circum-global 1.1–0.9 Ga collisional belt is speculated to skirt the SE coast of India, incorporating the Rodinian-age Eastern Ghats Province. But the Eastern Ghats Province may not have welded with the Indian landmass until 550–500 Ma. Instead, the ~1500-km-long, E-striking Central Indian Tectonic Zone provides an alternate option for linking the 1.1–0.9 Ga circum-global collisional belt through India. The highly tectonized Central Indian Tectonic Zone formed due to the early Neoproterozoic collision of the North India and the South India blocks. Based on a summary of the recent findings in the different crustal domains within the Central Indian Tectonic Zone, we demonstrate that the 1.03–0.93 Ga collision involved thrusting that resulted in the emplacement of low-grade metamorphosed allochthonous units above the high-grade basement rocks; the development of crustal-scale, steeply dipping, orogen-parallel transpressional shear zones; syn-collisional felsic magmatism; and the degeneration of orogenesis by extensional exhumation. The features are analogous to those reported in the broadly coeval Grenville and Sveconorwegian orogens. We suggest that the 1.1–0.9 Ga circum-global collisional belt in Rodinia swings westward from the Australo-Antarctic landmass and passes centrally through the Greater India landmass, which for the most part welded at 1.0–0.9 Ga. It follows that the paleogeographic positions of India obtained from paleomagnetic data older than 1.1–0.9 Ga are likely to correspond to the positions of the North and South India blocks, respectively, and not to the Greater India landmass in its entirety.
cdem: A macOS program for discrete element modeling of tectonic structures
Authors: Cardozo Nestor , Hardy Stuart 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
cdem is a macOS document-based application for two-dimensional discrete element modeling of tectonic structures and their associated deformation. Documents encapsulate simulations that can be run and explored simultaneously. A document contains three main views: (1) Set-up view, to define the assembly size, element properties, anisotropy, boundary conditions (type of faulting), overburden stress, erosion, and syn-tectonic sedimentation; (2) Summary view, which displays the details of the model after initialization; and (3) Results view, which displays the geometry of the model while it is running or after the run and allows exploring the model’s evolution in terms of geometry, displacement, strain, or stress. We illustrate the use of the program for assembly calibration and the modeling of contractional and extensional structures without and with syn-tectonic sedimentation. In all these cases, cdem produces realistic incremental and finite deformation. cdem is less powerful than its precursor cdem2D, but it can import and visualize cdem2D results, making the combined use of these two programs a robust suite for mechanically modeling tectonic structures.