bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of an MR-based multimodal method for molecular composition and proton stopping power ratio determination using ex vivo animal tissues and tissue-mimicking phantoms
Authors: Marants Raanan , Tattenberg Sebastian , Scholey Jessica , Kaza Evangelia , Miao Xin , Benkert Thomas , Magneson Olivia , Fischer Jade , Vinas Luciano , Niepel Katharina , Bortfeld Thomas , Landry Guillaume , Parodi Katia , Verburg Joost , Sudhyadhom Atchar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. Range uncertainty in proton therapy is an important factor limiting clinical effectiveness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can measure voxel-wise molecular composition and, when combined with kilovoltage CT (kVCT), accurately determine mean ionization potential (I

m
), electron density, and stopping power ratio (SPR). We aimed to develop a novel MR-based multimodal method to accurately determine SPR and molecular compositions. This method was evaluated in tissue-mimicking and ex vivo porcine phantoms, and in a brain radiotherapy patient. Approach. Four tissue-mimicking phantoms with known compositions, two porcine tissue phantoms, and a brain cancer patient were imaged with kVCT and MRI. Three imaging-based values were determined: SPRCM (CT-based Multimodal), SPRMM (MR-based Multimodal), and SPRstoich (stoichiometric calibration). MRI was used to determine two tissue-specific quantities of the Bethe Bloch equation (I

m
, electron density) to compute SPRCM and SPRMM. Imaging-based SPRs were compared to measurements for phantoms in a proton beam using a multilayer ionization chamber (SPRMLIC). Main results. Root mean square errors relative to SPRMLIC were 0.0104(0.86%), 0.0046(0.45%), and 0.0142(1.31%) for SPRCM, SPRMM, and SPRstoich, respectively. The largest errors were in bony phantoms, while soft tissue and porcine tissue phantoms had <1% errors across all SPR values. Relative to known physical molecular compositions, imaging-determined compositions differed by approximately ≤10%. In the brain case, the largest differences between SPRstoich and SPRMM were in bone and high lipids/fat tissue. The magnitudes and trends of these differences matched phantom results. Significance. Our MR-based multimodal method determined molecular compositions and SPR in various tissue-mimicking phantoms with high accuracy, as confirmed with proton beam measurements. This method also revealed significant SPR differences compared to stoichiometric kVCT-only calculation in a clinical case, with the largest differences in bone. These findings support that including MRI in proton therapy treatment planning can improve the accuracy of calculated SPR values and reduce range uncertainties.
Impact energy assessment of sandwich composites using an ensemble approach boosted by deep learning and electromechanical impedance
Authors: Zhu Jianjian , Wen Jinshan , Han Zhibin , Ho Mabel Mei-po , Lan Zifeng , Wang Yishou , Qing Xinlin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Sandwich composites are prone to delamination and fracture during service when exposed to external low-velocity impact. One hindrance to overcome before a broader deployment of sandwich composites is the issue of impact energy assessment (IEA). To promote the solution to this issue, an ensemble deep learning approach is proposed in this study. The approach comprises data expansion, series-to-image conversion, and convolutional neural networks (CNN). The data expansion is implemented using vertical average interpolation. The enhanced data are transformed into images via the Gramian angular summation field to build an image dataset for the CNN model. To validate the developed ensemble approach, hammer-dropping impact experiments on the honeycomb sandwich composites are carried out based on the piezoelectric wafer active sensor network and electromechanical impedance measurement. Accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score indicators are introduced to evaluate the ensemble approach performance. The above indicator values are all above 0.9600, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed ensemble approach in settling the IEA issue.
Surfactant micellar induced aggregation control of an anionic fluorescent dye in Langmuir-Blodgett film
Authors: Biswas Nilima , Bhattacharjee Shyam Kumar , Debnath Chandan , Hussain Syed Arshad , Bhattacharjee Debajyoti 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This work reports the formation of stable Langmuir monolayer of an anionic water soluble fluorescent dye 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (abbreviated as CFS) by electrostatic interaction with a cationic monolayer. Formation of non-fluorescent H-dimeric sites of CFS molecules in Langmuir monolayer and Langmuir Blodgett films has been controlled by using cationic surfactant micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Thus the film can act as efficient fluorescence marker. Langmuir monolayer has been investigated by Surface Pressure versus Area per molecule (π-A) isotherm and in situ Brewster Angle Microscope (BAM) studies. Mono and multilayered Langmuir Blodgett films were characterized by using UV–vis absorption and steady state fluorescence spectroscopy.
Superposition of nondiffracting beams characterized by a caustic of the hyperbolic umbilical type
Authors: Julián-Macías Israel , Martínez-Niconoff Gabriel , Silva-Ortigoza Gilberto , Espíndola-Ramos Ernesto 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The aim of the present work is to introduce two monochromatic solutions to the scalar wave equation in free space, characterized by a caustic with a singularity of the hyperbolic umbilical type. The first solution, is a superposition of half-Mathieu beams, and the second one, is a superposition of parabolic beams. Since these solutions are determined by two particular complete integrals of the eikonal equation in free space, we compute their geometrical wavefronts, the caustic regions, and the corresponding Poynting vectors. Finally, we remark that, under certain conditions, these solutions describe three-dimensional accelerating beams in free space, propagating along semielliptical and parabolic paths, respectively.
An efficient scaling of WENO-JS weights for accuracy preserving and higher resolution schemes
Authors: Kumar Pandey Prashant , Kumar Dubey Ritesh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this short paper, we present efficient scaling of WENO-JS weights which results in robust and formal accuracy preserving high resolution WENO-JS schemes. The proposed scaling makes the WENO-JS schemes robust in the sense that schemes works well irrespective of the choice for the parameter ϵ used in classical WENO-JS weights to prevent division by zero. In smooth solution region the proposed scaling keeps the scaled WENO weights in the vicinity of critical weights thus resulting scheme retains formal accuracy. Numerical experiments show that the WENO schemes with scaled weights provide higher resolution for discontinuities as well for smooth solution with high gradients.
Newly formed center-controlled rouge wave and lump solutions of a generalized (3+1)-dimensional KdV-BBM equation via symbolic computation approach
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Mohan Brij , Kumar Raj 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this article, we investigate the generalized (3+1)-dimensional KdV-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation governed with constant coefficients. It applies the Painlevé analysis to test the complete integrability of the concerned KdV-BBM equation. The symbolic computational approach provides first-order, second-order rogue wave and lump solutions with center-controlled parameters. The rogue waves localized in space and time have a significant amplitude, and lumps are of rational form solution, localized decaying solutions in all space directions rationally. Utilizing a symbolic computation approach, we get the bilinear equation of the KdV-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation and show the center-controlled rogue waves and lumps. We employ the symbolic system software Mathematica to do the symbolic computations, form the first and second-order rogue waves, and lump solutions with appropriate values of constant coefficients. The KdV-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation analyses the evolution of long waves with modest amplitudes propagating in plasma physics and the motion of waves in fluids and other weakly dispersive mediums. Moreover, rogue waves and lumps occur in several scientific areas, such as fluid dynamics, optical fibers, dusty plasma, oceanography, water engineering, and other nonlinear sciences.
‘Life is about movement—everything that is alive moves’: a mixed methods study to understand barriers and enablers to inpatient mobility from the older patient’s perspective
Authors: Byrnes Angela , McRae Prue , Mudge Alison M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Mobility in hospital is important to maintain independence and prevent complications. Our multi-centre study aimed to measure mobility and identify barriers and enablers to mobility participation from the older patient’s perspective.

Methods
Mixed methods study including direct observation of adult inpatients on 20 acute care wards in 12 hospitals and semi-structured interviews with adults aged 65 years or older on each of these wards. Interviews were undertaken by trained staff during the inpatient stay. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively. Qualitative data were initially coded deductively using the theoretical domains framework (TDF), with an inductive approach then used to frame belief statements.

Results
Of 10,178 daytime observations of 503 adult inpatients only 7% of time was spent walking or standing. Two hundred older patient interviews were analysed. Most (85%) patients agreed that mobilising in hospital was very important. Twenty-three belief statements were created across the eight most common TDF domains. Older inpatients recognised mobility benefits and were self-motivated to mobilise in hospital, driven by goals of maintaining or recovering strength and health and returning home. However, they struggled with managing pain, other symptoms and new or pre-existing disability in a rushed, cluttered environment where they did not wish to trouble busy staff. Mobility equipment, meaningful walking destinations and individualised programmes and goals made mobilising easier, but patients also needed permission, encouragement and timely assistance.

Conclusion
Inpatient mobility was low. Older acute care inpatients frequently faced a physical and/or social environment which did not support their individual capabilities.
The Impact of Reduction Mammaplasty on Breast Sensation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Torresetti Matteo , Andrenelli Elisa , Peltristo Benedetta , Zavalloni Yasmine , Capecci Marianna , Ceravolo Maria Gabriella , Di Benedetto Giovanni 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Loss of sensation is one of the most feared complications of breast reduction surgery. Although several techniques have been proposed to maximize sensitivity preservation, the scientific literature still reports contradictory findings. This systematic review aimed to assess whether breast reduction mammaplasty is associated with measurable changes in breast sensation. This review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD), Scopus (Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands), and Web of Science (Clarivate, Philadelphia, PA) databases were searched for clinical studies investigating breast sensation after breast reduction mammaplasty. The initial search identified 1523 studies of which 22 articles met our specific inclusion criteria. Most of the included studies are consistent in describing only transient sensation decrease or even sensation improvement after surgery compared to the presurgery condition with any approach, except those investigating outcomes after superior or superolateral pedicle reduction mammaplasty. Nevertheless, the overall quality of evidence is low or very low due to the limited availability of randomized controlled trials or controlled studies and the high risk of bias.

Level of Evidence: 4
A method for measuring rents
Authors: Stemerding Arend 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A method for measuring rents has practical relevance for society in terms of improving competition, regulation, and taxation. This paper proposes a new way to measure rents for business corporations and at country-level: a method related to a cash flow tax (CFT). Theory, method and a proof of concept are presented and discussed. Publicly available data is used to validate the method, revealing that it yields a better indication of rents and rent-seeking compared to markup, profit, and free cash flow (FCF).
Byliny
Authors: Kononenko Natalie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the period of Romantic Nationalism when epic received attention across Europe, Russia still had a living oral tradition. Important collections of Russian epic, byliny, were made in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Most byliny sing about events in what is now Ukraine, indicating that they likely originated there and were carried northward by professional musicians. The performers in the Russian north were non-professionals and sang without instrumental accompaniment. Their songs were complex, dealing with human struggles and portraying powerful figures, both male and female. Communist authorities seized on byliny and Sovietized them to valorize the Soviet state. Efforts to create noviny, new epics about Soviet accomplishments, failed; but sanitized versions of traditional byliny were successful in popular culture as stories for children. Currently, the heroes Ilia Muromets, Dobrynia Nikitych, and Alesha Popovich represent the essence of Russian folklore and are especially popular in animated film.
The Goddesses of Jaina Tantra
Authors: Slouber Michael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with the nexus of three religious complexes in Indian civilization: goddesses, Jainism, and tantra. All three of these subjects have been posed, interpreted, and understood in widely varying ways. The chapter begins with a basic orientation to defining the key terms and their limits, reviews the history of the sources and categories leading up to Jaina tantra, and includes case studies of two of the most important Jaina goddesses from the Digambara sect with early tantric forms (Jvālāmālinī and Padmāvatī). It closes with a broad-scope review of the state of research and directions for any future study.
Exploring Metaphors and Conceptual Blending in Vaiṣṇava Sahajiyā Texts
Authors: Hayes Glen A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter will explore an important seventeenth-century Vaiṣṇava Sahajiyā text on transgressive ritual practices and visualization involving the divine body (deva-deha): the Amṛtaratnāvalī (Necklace of Immortality) of Mukunda-dāsa. Because the Bengali language used in this text is largely uninflected and enigmatic, and there are no extant written commentaries to guide its study, the chapter will demonstrate how approaching the translation based on the underlying metaphors can give us a richer understanding of this problematic, yet fascinating, text. As the Sahajiyās were influenced by traditions from both Tantra as well as bhakti, the chapter will use conceptual metaphor theory and conceptual blending theory to better understand this complex language. This approach utilizes insights from the study of conceptual metaphors first developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, as well as the process of conceptual blending first presented by Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner.
Tibetan Tantric Buddhist Literature
Authors: Hackett Paul 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Tantric Buddhism refers to a particular set of texts and practices that arose in India sometime during the middle of the first millennium ce. with its most prominent literature being produced from the eighth to twelfth centuries only ending with the Muslim invasion of India and the destruction of major centers of learning, after which tantric Buddhist theory and practice became the purview of scholars in Tibet. In general, tantric Buddhism can be distinguished from non-tantric Buddhism in that while the latter focuses on calming of mind and body—and in some traditions, doing so as a basis for subsequently engaging in precise analytical meditations—the former entails the utilization of mental and physical yogas designed to induce specific exalted states of mind declared to be of soteriological efficacy. The exact nature of those states, their textual origins, and their proper production and deployment constitutes the content of Tibetan tantric literature.
Modelling Cultural Transmission
Authors: Fogarty Laurel , Kandler Anne 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Humans are ‘cultural animals’. We pass our innovations and cultural traits to our children and to our peers in a huge variety of ways—from direct teaching to strategic imitation. Relying on these ‘transmission mechanisms’, we construct vast, almost all-encompassing cultural and physical environments that reflect our cultural biases. But what effect does this variety of transmission mechanisms have on the dynamics of cultural evolution? From its beginnings in the work of Luca Luigi Cavalli-Sforza and Marcus W. Feldman, and Robert Boyd and Peter J. Richerson, the field of cultural evolution has had solid theoretical foundations and the quantitative theory of cultural transmission has formed a large part of this foundation. Models of transmission mechanisms have drawn on work from genetic evolution, ecology, economics, and epidemiology, extending and adapting them to account for unique features of cultural transmission. Since the 1970s, researchers have continued to add to and develop models of cultural transmission. To this body of analytical theory, researchers have also added a suite of simulation models that can incorporate more complexity and nuance. These models generate insight that would be inaccessible to us without modern computational power. This chapter reviews some of the most important and commonly applied approaches to modelling cultural transmission alongside some recent developments and potential future directions.
UNILATERAL COVID-19–ASSOCIATED VASCULITIC CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION: PHLEBITIS WITH SUBHYALOID, INTRARETINAL, AND SUBRETINAL HEMORRHAGES
Authors: Dalla Shreeya , Mainster Martin A. , Dalla Kumar P. , Ledesma-Gil Gerardo , Ajlan Radwan S. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
To describe unilateral vasculitic central retinal vein occlusion in a young adult whose vision problems preceded systemic symptoms of COVID-19 infection.

Methods:
Observational clinical case report.

Results:
A 39-year-old immunocompetent man without prior ocular disease presented for vitreoretinal care complaining of decreasing vision in his right eye for 2 weeks. Headaches, pharyngitis, and coughing began 4 days after his visual symptoms. COVID-19 testing was negative before initial vitreoretinal evaluation and positive afterward. Dilated and tortuous major retinal veins in his right eye had prominent perivascular sheathing. A large subhyaloid hemorrhage spanned the macula. Subretinal hemorrhages were present in areas of sheathing, and diffuse nerve fiber layer hemorrhages were arrayed in the distribution of the radial peripapillary capillary plexus. Laboratory tests for inflammatory diseases were negative. The patient was hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia a few days after his initial vitreoretinal evaluation. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed for persistent subhyaloid hemorrhage 8 weeks after his hospitalization. The VA in the patient's right eye improved from counting-fingers to 20/30 postoperatively.

Conclusion:
The patient's findings are consistent with an atypical central retinal vein occlusion which we hypothesize to be of vasculitic origin because of prominent associated retinal phlebitis and venous sheathing. Concomitant subhyaloid, nerve fiber layer, and subretinal hemorrhages involved the superficial and deep retinal vascular complexes. The patient's COVID-19–related hospitalization and systemic management delayed surgical management of his subhyaloid hemorrhages, but a good visual result was achieved despite persistence of macular preretinal blood for 3 months.
SPONTANEOUS IMPROVEMENT OF MYOPIC RETINOSCHISIS AFTER A LONG-TERM OBSERVATIONAL PERIOD: A CASE SERIES
Authors: Hussein Musse , Adeleye Olufunmilola , Adams Olufemi E. , Sodhi Guneet S. , Haq Zeeshan , Quiram Polly A. , Tang Peter H. , Ryan Edwin H. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
To highlight spontaneous resolution or improvement of myopic retinoschisis (MR) in actively surveilled patients.

Methods:
Case series of five patients diagnosed with MR who did not undergo pars plana vitrectomy and were carefully monitored by a single retina specialist. Ocular and medical history were reviewed, and clinical characteristics including visual acuity and the status of the MR were monitored with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) at each clinic visit.

Results:
Five patients were identified to have MR without vitreomacular traction, or macular hole formation. Two patients exhibited spontaneous and complete resolution of MR without surgical intervention over an average observation time of 52.5 months. In these cases, a clinical posterior vitreous detachment was documented preceding the resolution of MR over an average time of 26.5 months. Snellen best-corrected visual acuity in these patients improved (Case 1 from 20/50 to 20/40, Case 2 from 20/30 to 20/25). The remaining three patients were monitored for an average of 52 months and showed improvement of MR via OCT imaging. Snellen best-corrected visual acuity either remained stable or improved from baseline (Case 3 stable at 20/30, Case 4 improved from 20/40 to 20/30, and Case 5 stable at 20/20).

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that conservative management of MR with observation can be considered especially in patients with challenging comorbidities (such as monocular status), and with a clinically identified posterior vitreous detachment without vitreomacular traction.
RSV Burden and Its Impact on Pediatric Inpatient Bed Occupancy in Belgium: An Analysis of National Hospital Claims Data
Authors: Bouckaert Nicolas , Lefèvre Mélanie , Van den Heede Koen , Van de Voorde Carine 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections represent a substantial burden on pediatric services during winter. While the morbidity and financial burden of RSV are well studied, less is known about the organizational impact on hospital services (ie, impact on bed capacity and overcrowding and variation across hospitals).

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of the population-wide Belgian Hospital Discharge Data Set for the years 2017 and 2018 (including all hospital sites with pediatric inpatient services), covering all RSV-associated (RSV-related International Classification of Diseases, 10th Version, Clinical Modification diagnoses) inpatient hospitalization by children under 5 years old as well as all-cause acute hospitalizations in pediatric wards.

Results:
RSV hospitalizations amount to 68.3 hospitalizations per 1000 children less than 1 year and 5.0 per 1000 children 1–4 years of age and are responsible for 20%–40% of occupied beds during the peak period (November–December). The mean bed occupancy rate over the entire year (2018) varies across hospitals from 22.8% to 85.1% and from 30.4% to 95.1% during the peak period. Small-scale pediatric services (<25 beds) are more vulnerable to the volatility of occupancy rates. Forty-six hospital sites have daily occupancy rates above 100% (median of 9 days). Only in 1 of 23 geographically defined hospital networks these high occupancy rates are on the same calendar days.

Conclusions:
Pediatric services tend to be over-dimensioned to deal with peak activity mainly attributable to RSV. RSV immunization can substantially reduce pediatric capacity requirements. Enhanced collaboration in regional networks is an alternative strategy to deal with peaks and reduce capacity needs.