bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
القَولُ المَقْبول فِيمَا يُدَّعى فيه بالمَجْهُولِ للعلَّامة صَالِح بن عُمَر بن رَسْلَان البلْقِيني الشَّافعي «المتوفى: 868هـ»
Authors: مصنوم مرتضى سعيد 
Published: January 2025

هدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة وتحقيق كتاب: [القَولُ المَقبول فِيمَا يُدَّعى فيه بالمَجْهُولِ] للعلامة صالح بن عمر بن رَسْلان الشافعي، ذكر فيه مسألة مهمة، وهي الدعوى بالمجهول؛ ومفادها: هل تقبل من المُدَّعِي أمْ لا؟ لأنّ الأصل أن الإنسان لا يدَّعي إلَّا بمعلوم.
انتظم هذا البحث في: مقدمة، وأربعة مباحث، مبحث للتعريف بالمؤلف، ومبحث آخر: كان لدراسة الكتاب، وثالث: للمنهج المتبع في التحقيق ووصف النسخة الخطية، والمبحث الرابع: للنص المحقق.
وتمّ استخدام ثلاثة مناهج بحثية اقتضتها طبيعة البحث ولأغراض متنوعة، وهي: المنهج التاريخي، والمنهج الوصفي، ومنهج تحقيق النص.
في ختام الدراسة والتحقيق تم التوصل لعدد من النتائج منها: أن ابن رسلان من المكثرين للتأليف مع انشغاله بالتدريس، وأن هذا الكتاب النفيس هو قطعا لمؤلفه لا لغيره، وخرج البحث بتوصيات أهمها: الحث على الاهتمام بتحقيق تراثنا العتيق وإخراجه في حلة قشيبة تليق بالكتاب وبصاحبه
The current research aimed at studying and investigating the entitled book (Al-Qawl Al-Maqbūl fīmā Yuddaʿá fīh Bilmajhūl) “Accepted Speech Regarding Claiming What is Unidentified” written by the scholar Saleh Bin Omar Raslan Al-Shaf'i. The author addressed a crucial issue about the unidentified claim: whether it is accepted or not, since a man can only claim what is identified. This research was divided into an introduction and four chapters, namely, introducing the author, studying the book, the methodology adopted for investigating and describing the handwritten copy of the book, and the text investigated. Depending on the research objectives, the study employed three approaches: the historical approach, the descriptive approach, and the approach used for investigating the text. The study concluded that Ibn Raslan has extensive literature despite being engaged in teaching; in addition, this invaluable book certainly belongs to its author and not anyone else. It was recommended to pay more attention to investigating our ancient literature and reproducing it in a good version worthy of the original book and its author.
مناهج تحليل الخطاب السياسيّ
Authors: البريدية رقية بنت سيف بن حمود 
Published: January 2025

إن اختلاف مناهج تحليل الخطاب قائم على أساس الموقف السياقيّ الذي أنتج فيه، وعلى الشكل الذي بُنيَ عليه، والهدف الذي قيل من أجله؛ لذلك فإنَّ المشتغلين بالسياسة في حاجة إلى استخدام لغة مؤثرة ومقنعة عند تقديم آرائهم للآخر، كما يحتاجون إلى الاتصال السياسي المخطط وفق أهداف مرسومة، ليكون له تأثير في الرأي العام والحياة العامّة للأفراد، ومنها وجدنا أن تعدديّة مناهج تحليل الخطاب السياسي قائمة على نوع المعالجة التي يراها الباحث أنسب في إظهار القيمة التي يقصدها، فكان المنهج اللساني، والمنهج البلاغي، والمنهج التداولي من أهمّ المناهج التي يمكن تطويعها في تحليل الخطاب السياسي، ولقد تحدثت في هذه المقاربة مبيّنة بعض الاختلافات المنهجيّة في تحليل الخطاب السياسيّ، والاستراتيجيات التي يقوم عليها كل منهج، وكيف يمكن الاستفادة من التنوّع المنهجي المتاح أمام الباحثين والناقدين والمهتمّين بفهم بنية الخطاب السياسي، كما أبيّن معايير اختيار المنهج المناسب الذي يتوافق مع أهداف الباحث.

The difference in discourse analysis methods is based on the contextual situation, where it was said, the form on which it was constructed and the purpose for which it was said. Therefore, politicians need to use an influential and persuasive language when they present their opinions to others. They also need a planned political communication according to specific goals, to have an impact on the public opinion and the public life of individuals.
Thus, we found out that, the diversity of political discourse analysis methods is based on the type of the solution that the researcher considers as more appropriate in showing the value he intended. Therefore, the linguistic approach, the rhetorical approach and the deliberative approach are the most important approaches that could be adopted in analyzing political discourse.
In this respect, the researcher explained some of the methodological differences in analyzing political discourse and their strategies. Moreover, the researcher showed how it is possible to benefit from the methodological diversity available to researchers, critics, and those interested in understanding the structure of the political discourse. Also, the researcher outlined the criteria for choosing the appropriate method that is compatible with the researcher’s objectives.
بنية العلامة غير اللفظية في مسرحية الفنار لفهد ردة الحارثي
Authors: العجمي درعة محمد مسفر 
Published: January 2025

فهد ردة الحارثي كاتب مسرحي سعودي، اهتم بالمسرح وأوقف عليه حياته، وسجل المشهد المسرحي المحلي والعربي له تفردًا وتميزًا في هذا المجال.
ومسرحية "الفنار" مناط البحث، الشخصية المركزية فيها "الفنار" ذلك الرمز البحري الذي تفقده جزيرة وسط محيط، وهذه الجزيرة، أنشأها خيال الكاتب، حاول سكانها البحث عن "الفنار"، لكن محاولتهم، باءت بالفشل، مع أنه معهم، ولا يتعرفون عليه، فتطرح المسرحية موضوعًا إنسانيًّا، فهي تتحدث عن الإنسان في أي زمان، وفي أي مكان، فلا يصل إلى الهدف إلا مَن يمتلك الرؤية.
وقد تبين من خلال البحث أن النص الدرامي مجال الدراسة، مليء بالرموز الدلالات، مما يجعله نصًّا يقبل أكثر من تأويل، وأكثر من قراءة.

Fahd Rada Al-Harthi is a Saudi playwright who gives interest to the theater and devotes his life to it. The local and Arab theater witnesses his uniqueness in this field.
The play "Al-Fanar”, is the central of the current research. The main character is the "lighthouse", where this marine symbol is missed on an island in the middle of an ocean. This island is created in the author’s imagination. The people of the island tried to search for the lighthouse. However, their attempts failed, although it was with them, but they did not recognize it. The play presents a human issue, as it talks about the human at any time and in any place, so only those, who have a vision, reach the goal.
The research finds this out, the current dramatic text is full of symbols and semantics, which makes it a text that accepts multiple interpretation and analysis.
الحاجات النفسية لدى أعضاء هيئة التدريس ومساعديهم بجامعة إقليم سبأ في ضوء نظرية (ماسلو)
Authors: المقدمي نبيل حسن صالح 
Published: January 2025

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى التعرف على الحاجات النفسية لدى أعضاء هيئة التدريس ومساعديهم بجامعة إقليم سبأ في ضوء نظرية ماسلو، ودرجة اختلاف الفروق في الحاجات النفسية باختلاف الجنس، والكلية، والخبرة التعليمية، وقد أجريت الدراسة على عينة تكونت من (110) أعضاء من جميع كليات الجامعة، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة اتبع الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وقد أسفرت نتائج الدراسة أن إشباع الحاجات النفسية لدى أعضاء هيئة التدريس ومساعديهم، جاء بحلاف ما أورده ماسلو في مثلثه الشهير، وبينت الدراسة أن هناك فروقا ذات دلالة إحصائية في بعض فقرات مقياس الحاجات النفسية التي يحتاجها الأعضاء ومساعدوهم ويفتقدونها بشدة في متغير الجنس لصالح الذكور، كما بينت ـ أيضًا ـ أنه لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في إشباع الحاجات النفسية لدى الأعضاء ومساعديهم بين الكليات، بينما أظهرت الدراسة أن هنالك فروقا ذات دلالة إحصائية في بعض فقرات المقياس يحتاجها الأعضاء ومساعدوهم في متغير الخبرة لصالح أقل من خمس سنوات.

The current study aimed to identify the psychological needs of faculty members and their assistants at the University of Saba Region in the light of Maslow's theory and the degree of the difference in the psychological needs according to gender, faculty, and educational experience. The study was conducted on a sample of (110) members from all faculties of the university. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher adopted the descriptive analytical method. The results of the study showed that, the satisfaction of psychological needs of faculty members and their assistants contrasts with what Maslow stated in his famous triangle. The study indicated that, there are statistically significant differences in some points of the psychological needs scale that members and their assistants need, while males are badly lack of the needs regarding the gender variable. The study also clarified that, there are no statistically significant differences in the satisfaction of psychological needs of members and their assistants among faculties, while the study showed that, there are statistically significant differences in some points of the scale that members and their assistants need in the experience variable in favor of less than five years.
Implications of Oral Candida Carriage in Clinical Practice - A Review
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, AJ Institute of Allied Health Sciences, NH-66, Kuntikana, Mangalore, Karnataka, India, Uchil Tripthi , Shetty Rachan , Sharma Prajna , Shantaram Manjula , Chand Attavar Pavan 
Published: January 2025

Oral candidiasis is a fungal infection that affects the oral cavity. Candida species are commensal organisms that reside in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary tract of humans without causing harm under normal circumstances. However, disruptions in the hosts immune defence mechanisms or alterations in the local microbiota can lead to the overgrowth of these fungi resulting in infection. Oral candidiasis is one of the common manifestations seen in immunocompromised individuals specially in HIV and cancer patients undergoing treatment. Emergence of antifungal drug resistance is of serious concern owing to the associated morbidity and patient outcomes. This review article provides an in-depth knowledge of oral Candidiasis, risk factors, diagnostic approaches, management strategies and patient outcomes. Understanding oral Candidiasis is essential for both clinicians and researchers to prevent and manage Candida-associated oral infections.
Alikasi Pupuk Organik Cair Daun Lamtoro (<i>Leucaena leucocephala</i>) Pada Bibit Tebu (<i>Saccharum officinarum L</i>.) Varietas VMC
Authors: Suprayogi  , Salim Abdurrahman 
Published: January 2025

Pendahuluan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Organik Cair Daun Lamtoro (Leucaena Leucocephala) Pada Bibit Tebu.
Metode Pengumpulan Data. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Politeknik Negeri Jember provinsi Jawa timur dan dilaksanakan pada September 2023 sampai dengan bulan Desember 2023. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan berupa rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 6 perperlakuan P0 = 0% , P1 = 10% ( 100 ml pupuk cair + 900 ml air ) , P2 = 20% ( 200 ml pupuk cair + 800 ml air ), P3 = 30% ( 300 ml pupuk cair + 700 ml air ), P4 = 40% ( 400 ml pupuk cair + 600 ml air ), P5 = 50% ( 500 ml pupuk cair + 500 ml air ), yang diulang 4 ulangan, sehingga terdapat 24 unit perlakuan dan setiap unit perlakuan terdiri dari 3 sampel. ANOVA digunakan untuk mengurangi keragaman data. Apa biladiperoleh hasil beda nyata lebih besar dari F-tabel 5% kemudian di uji lanjut menggunakan Uji Trend 5%. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah jumlah daun, diameter batang, tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, berat basah dan berat kering akar.
Hasil dan Diskusi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pemberian POC daun lamtoro tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap semua parameter pengamatan.
Simpulan. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi pupuk organik cair daun lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) pada bibit tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) varietas VMC berbeda tidak nyata (non signifikan) namun perlakuan P2 (20%) memberikan nilai rerata lebih baik apabila dibandingkan dengan perlakuan yang diujikan lainnya.
Pertumbuhan Bibit Vanili (<i>Vanilli planifolia </i>Andrews) Pada Berbagai Komposisi Media Tanam
Authors: Qomarul Huda Muhammad Yusuf , Setyoko Ujang 
Published: January 2025

Pendahuluan. Tanaman vanili (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) merupakan jenis tanaman dari keluarga Orchidaceae dan salah satu anggrek-tanaman keluarga. Pembibitan tanaman vanili yang optimal akan menghasilkan tanaman buah vanili yang berkualitas dengan tingkat hasil panen yang maksimal. Media tanam merupakan faktor penting sekaligus syarat utama pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh komposisi media tanam terhadap pembibitan tanaman vanili.
Metode Pengumpulan Data. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus-Desember 2023 di Rumah Kawat Kebun Koleksi Politeknik Negeri Jember. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak kelompok (RAK) non faktorial.
Analisa Data. Terdiri dari 5 Perlakuan komposisi media tanam P1 ( Top Soil: Pupuk Kandang Sapi: Pasir (1:1:1), P2 ( Top Soil: Pupuk Kandang Sapi: Arang Sekam (1:1:1), P3 ( Top Soil: Pupuk Kompos Kulit Kopi: Arang Sekam (1:1:1), dan P4 ( Top Soil: Pupuk Kompos Kulit Kopi: Arang Sekam (2:1:1), P5 ( Top Soil: Pupuk Kompos Kulit Kopi: Arang Sekam (1:2:1), serta P6 ( Top Soil: Pupuk Kompos Kulit Kopi: Arang Sekam (1:1:2) dengan sebanyak 144 bibit vanili.
Hasil dan Diskusi. Hasil terbaik penelitian serta parameter yang digunakan terjadi pada umur 56 HST pada perlakuan P3 yaitu dengan komposisi media ( Top Soil: Pupuk Kompos Kulit Kopi: Arang Sekam (1:1:1), parameter jumlah daun dengan rata-rata 1,60 helai, parameter diameter bibit dengan rata-rata 3,48 mm, parameter tinggi bibit dengan rata-rata 8,18 cm, berat basah total bibit dengan rata-rata 6,12 gram, berat kering bibit dengan rata-rata 0,36 gram, Panjang akar dengan rata-rata 4,6 cm, jumlah akar 1,5, berat basah akar dengan rata-rata 0,25 gram dan berat kering akar dengan rata-rata 0,17 gram.
Simpulan. Perlakuan yang terbaik yaitu perlakuan P3.
Analisis Kesiapan Madrasah Dalam Transformasi Digital Arsip di Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) Raudlatul Muta’allim Jember
Authors: Salsabila Raiska 
Published: January 2025

Pendahuluan. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena adanya penemuan bahwa madrasah ini merupakan madrasah swasta yang sedang mengusahakan untuk bertransformasi dalam digitalisasi arsip mengingat bahwa pentingnya digitalisasi arsip untuk menunjang sistem kearsipan yang mana sudah banyak lembaga-lembaga lain yang telah bertransformasi dalam digitalisasi arsip. Namun permasalahan yang menghambat sekolah dalam bertansformasi digital arsip adalah kurangnya sumber daya manusia, kurangnya pendanaan dalam membeli software penyimpanan yang besar, dan kurangnya kesadaran dalam tertib administrasi.
Metode Pengumpulan Data. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi sistematik, wawancara semi terstruktur dan studi dokumentasi. Kemudian, teknik analisis data menggunakan kondensasi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Teknik keabsahan data menggunakan uji kredibilitas, yaitu triangulasi data, seperti trianggulasi sumber, trianggulasi teknik dan trianggulasi waktu.
Hasil dan Diskusi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Dapat dikatakan bahwa sarana prasarana yang ada di madrasah ini masih belum memadai dan belum banyak melakukan perubahan. Sedangkan untuk transformasi arsiparis, kompetensi yang dimiliki arsiparis di MTs Raudlatul Muta’allim masih belum memadai dikarenakan arsiparis belum pernah mengikuti kegiatan pelatihan sebagai sarana meningkatkan kometensi arsiparis untuk mewujudkan digitalisasi arsip. 2) Faktor pendorong dari transformasi sarana dan prasarana arsip yang ada di MTs Raudlatul Muta’allim adalah jaringan internet yang cukup memadai dan faktor pendorong dari transformasi arsiparis adalah SDM yang memadai dibidang teknologi. Sedangkan faktor pengambat transformasi sarana dan prasarana yang ada di MTs Raudlatul Muta’allim adalah keterbatasan anggaran untuk pengadaan teknologi baru, pembaruan infrastruktur, dan kondisi infrastruktur yang belum mendukung.
Simpulan. Transformasi sarana prasarana arsip di MTs Raudlatul Muta’allim yang pertama kali dilakukan adalah meningkatkan jaringan informasi dan teknologi seperti jaringan internet. Bentuk perubahan yang dilakukan yaitu dengan mengubah bentuk arsip fisik menjadi digital, MTs Raudlatul Muta’allim belum memiliki software atau aplikasi kearsipan untuk menunjang program transformasi digital arsip.
Численное исследование естественной конвекции в кольцевом канале с подвижным внутренним цилиндром
Authors: Нарыгин Эдуард Игоревич , Зубков Павел Тихонович 
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a numerical study of the natural convection of a viscous incompressible fluid that completely fills a horizontal annular channel. The temperature difference at the outer boundary produces convection, which can cause the rotation of the inner cylinder around its axis. The cylinder is assumed to rotate without friction. The Boussinesq approximation is used as a mathematical model. The problem is solved numerically by the algorithm SIMPLER. The equation of motion of the inner cylinder is derived from the law of conservation of angular momentum. The choice of a numerical integration method for the equation of motion of the inner cylinder does not affect the result. The influence of the dimensionless parameters on the flow structure and the angular velocity of the inner cylinder was studied. Dimensionless parameters vary within the ranges: Grashof number 103...2·105, Prandtl number 0.5...15, the dimensionless thermal conductivity of the cylinder 0...∞, and the cylinder inner radius 0.05...0.9. Numerical simulations have shown that the flow structure affects the angular velocity of the inner cylinder, which reaches its maximum in the case of a single-cell flow and at a minimum internal radius. As the Grashof number increases, the maximum possible angular velocity of the inner cylinder increases monotonically and is realized at large inner radius values. The Prandtl number has an opposite effect on the cylinder rotation velocity. If it decreases, then the angular velocity becomes extremely high at smaller inner radius values. An increase in the dimensionless thermal conductivity leads to the growth of the angular velocity, but it reaches a maximum at a smaller inner radius. The influence of the considered parameters on the angular velocity is determined by the change in the structure of the flow in the annular channel. The research results may be useful in the development of technical devices with an annular channel and a rotating inner cylinder.
Assessing the readability, quality and reliability of responses produced by ChatGPT, Gemini, and Perplexity regarding most frequently asked keywords about low back pain
Authors: Ozduran Erkan , Hancı Volkan , Erkin Yüksel , Özbek İlhan Celil , Abdulkerimov Vugar 
Published: January 2025

Background
Patients who are informed about the causes, pathophysiology, treatment and prevention of a disease are better able to participate in treatment procedures in the event of illness. Artificial intelligence (AI), which has gained popularity in recent years, is defined as the study of algorithms that provide machines with the ability to reason and perform cognitive functions, including object and word recognition, problem solving and decision making. This study aimed to examine the readability, reliability and quality of responses to frequently asked keywords about low back pain (LBP) given by three different AI-based chatbots (ChatGPT, Perplexity and Gemini), which are popular applications in online information presentation today.

Methods
All three AI chatbots were asked the 25 most frequently used keywords related to LBP determined with the help of Google Trend. In order to prevent possible bias that could be created by the sequential processing of keywords in the answers given by the chatbots, the study was designed by providing input from different users (EO, VH) for each keyword. The readability of the responses given was determined with the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) and Gunning Fog (GFG) readability scores. Quality was assessed using the Global Quality Score (GQS) and the Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP) score. Reliability was assessed by determining with DISCERN and Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) scales.

Results
The first three keywords detected as a result of Google Trend search were “Lower Back Pain”, “ICD 10 Low Back Pain”, and “Low Back Pain Symptoms”. It was determined that the readability of the responses given by all AI chatbots was higher than the recommended 6th grade readability level (p < 0.001). In the EQIP, JAMA, modified DISCERN and GQS score evaluation, Perplexity was found to have significantly higher scores than other chatbots (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
It has been determined that the answers given by AI chatbots to keywords about LBP are difficult to read and have low reliability and quality assessment. It is clear that when new chatbots are introduced, they can provide better guidance to patients with increased clarity and text quality. This study can provide inspiration for future studies on improving the algorithms and responses of AI chatbots.
Analyzing Extension and Advisory Service Delivery Dynamics in Nepal through Social Network Analysis Lens: A Comparative Study
Authors: Subedi Arjun Prakash , Jaishi Mahesh , Parajuli Shikshit 
Published: January 2025

Aims: Amid the changes in extension and advisory service delivery after federalism in Nepal. The existing players and new players in the network influence the flow and accessibility of services, providing both opportunities and challenges. However, very few studies have been carried out. So, this research was designed to analyze the perception and diffusion flow dynamics/pattern (mediators) of public extension and advisory services at the local/municipal level in Nepal.
Study Design: A cross-sectional research approach with a convergent parallel mixed-method research design was used.
Methodology: A field survey was carried out by selecting 200 stakeholders using a simple random sampling method, 22 key informant interviews, and 4 focus group discussions at Chandragiri and Dakshinkali municipalities.
Results: The five-point Likert Scale (13 constructs), social network analysis, and community network map revealed that the EAS network with progressive farmers (CB= 2384.94), agriculture section (CB= 1134.8), input suppliers (CB= 855.21), farmers group (CB= 511.7), and social actors (CB= 452.58) as strong mediators, had a poor perception toward current public extension and advisory services. The EAS network with agriculture section (CB= 2292), farmers group (CB= 2199.5), input suppliers (CB= 584.32,) and progressive farmers (CB= 481.9) as their strong mediators in the EAS network perceive the public EAS slightly positively.
Conclusion: The research concludes that the stakeholders often neglected by government institutions but perceived strong mediators in the EAS network must be identified and prioritized for effective service delivery. The study could be a basis for the stakeholders' identification and management in the service delivery framework of public extension and advisory service delivery at the municipal/local level.