bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of adding fluoxetine to the treatment regimen of hospitalized patients with non‐critical COVID‐19 pneumonia: A double‐blind randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Sedighi Faranak , Zarghami Mehran , Alizadeh Arimi Fatemeh , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Ala Shahram , Ghasemian Roya , Mehravaran Hossein , Elyasi Forouzan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are considered the drugs, whose effectiveness in viral pandemics has been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate of adding fluoxetine to the treatment regimen of patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia.MethodsThis study was a double‐blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial .36 patients in the fluoxetine and 36 patients in the placebo group were enrolled. Patients in the intervention group were first treated with fluoxetine 10 mg for 4 days and then the dose of 20 mg was continued for 4 weeks. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS V. 22.0.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of clinical symptoms at the beginning of the study and also the score of anxiety and depression, oxygen saturation at the time of hospitalization, mid‐hospitalization and discharge periods. The need for mechanical ventilator support (p = 1.00), the need for admission in the intensive care unit (ICU) (p = 1.00), rate for mortality (p = 1.00), and discharge with relative recovery (p = 1.00) were not significantly different between the two groups. The distribution of CRP within the study groups showed a significant decrease during different time periods (p = 0.001), and although there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups on the first day (p = 1.00) and at discharge (p = 0.585), mid‐hospital CRP showed a significant decrease in the fluoxetine group (p = 0.032).ConclusionFluoxetine resulted in a faster reduction of patients' inflammation without association with depression and anxiety.
Weight gain patterns among pregnancies with obesity and small‐ and large‐for‐gestational‐age births
Authors: Petersen Julie M. , Hutcheon Jennifer A. , Bodnar Lisa M. , Parker Samantha E. , Ahrens Katherine A. , Werler Martha M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis case‐cohort study estimated associations between gestational weight gain (GWG) and small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) and large‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA) births stratified by obesity class (I: 30–34.9 kg/m2; II: 35–39.9 kg/m2; III: ≥40 kg/m2) (Magee‐Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 1998–2011).MethodsFirst‐trimester GWG was categorized as being below (<0.2 kg), within (0.2–2.0 kg), or above (>2.0 kg) the Institute of Medicine recommendations. For second‐ and third‐trimester GWG, four linear trajectories were derived: approximating maintenance (slope −0.05 ± 0.03 kg/wk), approximating the recommendations (0.27 ± 0.01 kg/wk; reference), higher than the recommendations (0.54 ± 0.01 kg/wk), and highest among those above the recommendations (0.91 ± 0.02 kg/wk).ResultsFor classes I, II, and III, respectively, there were 1290, 1247, and 1198 pregnancies in the subcohort; 262, 171, and 123 SGA cases; and 353, 286, and 257 LGA cases. First‐trimester GWG was not associated with SGA/LGA births. Second‐ and third‐trimester weight maintenance was associated with potentially lower LGA risk (risk ratio [RR]: 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55–1.1) but not higher SGA risk (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.64–1.5) for class III. In addition, some sensitivity analyses supported no increased SGA risk with second‐ and third‐trimester weight maintenance for classes I and II.ConclusionsSecond‐ and third‐trimester weight maintenance may be associated with more optimal birth weight for gestational age. However, how this could be achieved (e.g., through diet and exercise interventions) is unclear, given the observational design of our study.
School‐based psychologists in Lebanese schools: An exploratory analysis of their professional profile
Authors: Mansour Fatima , Mashmoushi Rasha , Dirani Leyla Akoury 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe increased interest in school psychology has been accompanied with an expansion of in‐house psychological and rehabilitation services worldwide and in Lebanon. This study aims to explore current practices of school‐based psychologists in Lebanese schools in an attempt to understand their role and inform the design of national strategies. A mixed methods design was used including a review of existing academic curricula, laws and regulations and published local research studies; interviews with stakeholders, and a survey filled by school‐based psychologists. In addition, 7 university curricula, 7 theses, and 3 dissertations were reviewed, 14 stakeholders were interviewed and 49 school‐based psychologists filled the survey. Conclusions suggest that there is no consensus about the title of this profession and its scope of practice, and the required knowledge and training to practice. This study highlighted the need to further make strategic decisions and establish this professional profile, in addition to making the needed amendments to the university curricula and the legal framework of the rules and regulations.
Synthesis and Application of Fluorescent Polymer Micro‐ and Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhong Hai , Zhao Biao , Deng Jianping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFluorescent polymer particles have witnessed an increasing interest in recent years, owing to their fascinating physicochemical properties as well as wide‐ranging applications. In this review, the state‐of‐the‐art research progress of fluorescent polymer particles in the past five years is summarized. First, the synthesis protocols for fluorescent polymer particles, including emulsion polymerization, precipitation polymerization, dispersion polymerization, suspension polymerization, nanoprecipitation, self‐assembly, and post‐polymerization modification, are presented in detail. Then, the applications of the resulting beguiling particles in anticounterfeiting, chemical sensing, and biomedicine, are illustrated. Finally, the challenges and opportunities that exist in the field are pointed out. This review aims to offer important guidance and stimulate more research attention to this rapidly developing field.
Neuroprotective mechanism of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles improving the phenotype polarization of microglia via the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway in vascular dementia
Authors: Wang Pengwei , Yi Tingting , Mao Senlin , Li Mingjie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVascular dementia (VaD) is a prevalent cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (hUCMSC‐Evs) are critical for VaD treatment. We explored the mechanism of hUCMSC‐Evs in VaD. VaD rat model was established by bilateral common carotid artery ligation and hUCMSC‐Evs were extracted. VaD rats were injected with Evs through the tail vein. Rat neurological scores, neural behaviors, memory and learning abilities, brain tissue pathological changes, and neurological impairment were evaluated by Zea‐Longa method, Morris water maze tests, HE staining, and ELISA (through acetylcholine [ACH] and dopamine [DA] assessment). Microglia M1/M2 polarization was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Pro‐/anti‐inflammatory factor levels in brain tissue homogenate, oxidative stress‐related indicators, and p‐PI3K, PI3K, p‐AKT, AKT, and Nrf2 protein levels were determined by ELISA, kits, and Western blot. VaD rats were jointly treated with PI3K phosphorylation inhibitor Ly294002 and hUCMSC‐Evs. VaD rats manifested increased neurological function injury scores, decreased cognitive function and learning ability, abnormal brain structure, obvious inflammatory infiltration, diminished ACH and DA levels, increased microglial cells and M1‐polarized cells, M1/M2 polarization ratio, inflammation, and oxidative stress. hUCMSC‐Evs alleviated the neurological damage of VaD rats, inhibited M1 polarization, inflammation, and oxidative stress of microglial cells in brain tissues of VaD rats, and activated the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway. Ly294002 partially averted the effects of hUCMSC‐Evs on microglial polarization, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Briefly, hUCMSC‐Evs activated the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway and inhibited microglial M1 polarization, inflammation, and oxidative stress, thus protecting VaD rat nerve functions.
Ideating task‐based designs for special education learners
Authors: Chan Hang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe task‐based language teaching (TBLT) approach has long drawn data from general learners and developed theories on the basis of those data. In this article, the author explores how to adapt TBLT materials for learners with special educational needs (LwSENs) who have difficulty learning, thinking, and communicating. TBLT conceptualizes proficiency‐oriented targets differently than SEN, which emphasizes remedial teaching methods. Using visual images and textual definitions, this study probes special educators' ideal learning tasks, a method derived from phenomenology, which studies things in the world by studying people's perceptions of them. Visuals and texts as eidetic tools enabled the researcher to collect data of perception from nine core participants, which showed their excitement and trepidation regarding using tasks to teach. Results showed that special educators preferred project‐like tasks with game plans and goal‐oriented outcomes and were pessimistic about the possibility of developing a fully proficiency‐targeted approach for teaching LwSENs. Their preference for simple materials may contradict the expectation that the TBLT approach will produce high‐quality outputs among LwSENs. As a means of closing these knowledge gaps, this article responds to the special educators’ task design ideas and proposes solutions for developing appropriate materials.
Online veterinary anatomy education during Covid‐19 pandemic in Iran: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Sadeghinezhad Javad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe covid‐19 pandemic changed veterinary anatomy in‐person training to inexperienced virtual training rapidly.ObjectivesThis survey was designed to assess the perceptions of first‐ and second‐year Iranian veterinary students on learning outcomes during the online transition.MethodsThe opinions of 684 students were examined using questionnaire.ResultsThe data showed that 23.8% of students were interested in learning anatomy online and 24.8% were satisfied with it. Only 13.5% of the students in the survey generally agree with replacing remote teaching with ordinary training. Less than 1% of students considered online education suitable for the practical part of anatomy. Most of the students' sources for theoretical part included professor's booklets, narrated PowerPoint lectures, in‐class notes, and anatomy books. Professors' dissection videos, YouTube videos and also anatomy atlases were the most used sources for practical part. Many students (69.3%) were comfortable using technology. Few numbers of the students (36.1%) were satisfied with the result of the online anatomy exam. Students commented missing dissection, lack of interaction and technology challenges as main negative‐points of E‐learning. While time management and reviewing the recorded lessons was described as one of the most important benefits.ConclusionsOnline education cannot replace face‐to‐face education in anatomy and it can be used along ordinary training as an additional educational tool. However, group online learning activities, using dissection videos and 3‐D software are suggested for online learning. The data of this study, collected for the first time in Iran, can be used for future decisions in veterinary anatomy.
Politics of climate change mitigation in Taiwan: International isolation, developmentalism legacy, and civil society responses
Authors: Liu John Chung‐En , Chao Chia‐Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis focus review summarizes climate politics in Taiwan at the global, the national, and the local level. The article begins with an introduction to Taiwan's emission profile, major actors, and recent policy development. At the global level, Taiwan's unique international status has limited its responses to climate change as mostly gesture policies, but recently corporate climate actions bloomed due to pressures from the supply chains. At the national level, Taiwan's developmental state legacy has locked the country in a “high‐carbon regime” and struggled with the debate on nuclear power. Finally, at the local level, Taiwan seeks to facilitate climate actions with the principle of energy democracy, yet public participation still falls short and local land use conflicts will present enormous challenges. The article ends with a discussion on current knowledge gaps and invites future research to put Taiwan into comparative perspectives.This article is categorized under:
Policy and Governance > National Climate Change Policy
Rotators and Snakes
Authors: Ptitsyn Vadim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis lecture introduces various kinds of spin rotating devices used in present particle accelerators. They include Siberian Snakes used for polarization preservation and spin rotators used for creating a specific polarization orientation in experimental locations. Following the analysis of spin rotation in different types of magnets, approaches for designing spin rotating devices are discussed. Considerations for appropriate design choices of spin rotating devices in dependence on the beam energy are given. Examples of Snakes and spin rotators used in past accelerators as well as designs considered for future ones are presented.
Spin Matching
Authors: Ptitsyn Vadim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhen spin rotating devices are used in an electron accelerator ring the stochastic depolarization caused by synchrotron radiation becomes an issue. Special design of the ring optics is required in order to minimize harmful effect of stochastic depolarization. Ring optics adjustments which help to minimize the depolarization are called spin matching. In this lecture the formalism for deriving spin matching conditions is presented. Then, spin matching conditions are derived for examples of a spin rotator based on solenoidal magnets and a spin rotator based on vertical and horizontal bending magnets.
Polarization in a GeV RLA
Authors: Roblin Yves 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolarized beam dynamics in a Recirculated Linear Accelerator (RLA) differ markedly from their behavior in circular machines. After giving a brief overview of the topology of a RLA we discuss the unique requirements for polarized beam physics experiments carried at these types of machines and their implications on the spin transport. The Thomas BMT equation will be rewritten to emphasize the relevant features and the relationship between spin transport and global accelerator parameters such as the accelerating profiles. We will consider scenarios for which one or more experimental hall has to be provided with longitudinal polarization and discuss how this is achieved. Finally, a review of possible depolarization and spin precession effects occurring in these machines will be presented. In order to illustrate this, we will examine the case of the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) where such effects were first observed.
A lightweight convolutional neural network to reconstruct deformation in BOS recordings
Authors: Mucignat Claudio , Manickathan Lento , Shah Jiggar , Rösgen Thomas , Lunati Ivan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe introduce a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) that is specifically designed and trained to post-process recordings obtained by Background Oriented Schlieren (BOS), a popular technique to visualize compressible and convective flows. To reconstruct BOS image deformation, we devised a lightweight network () that has comparatively fewer parameters to train than the CNNs that have been previously proposed for optical flow. To train , we introduce a novel strategy based on the generation of synthetic images from random-irrotational deformation fields, which are intended to mimic those provided by real BOS recordings. This allows us to generate a large number of training examples at minimal computational cost. To assess the accuracy of the reconstructed displacements, we consider test cases consisting of synthetic images with sinusoidal displacement as well as images obtained in the experimental studies of a hot plume in air and a flow past and inside a heated hollow hemisphere. By comparing the reconstructed deformation fields using the or conventional post-processing techniques used in Direct Image Correlation () or conventional image cross-correlation, we show that is more accurate and robust in the synthetic test case. When applied to experimental BOS recordings, all methods provide similar and consistent deformation fields. As is capable of achieving a comparable or better accuracy at a fraction of the computational costs, it represents a valuable alternative to conventional post-processing techniques for BOS experiments.
A pitchfork-like relationship between reduced Barents-Kara sea ice and Ural atmospheric circulation
Authors: Li Dongdong , Zhang Renhe , Huang Jianping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAtmospheric circulation monthly anomalies over the Ural region are key indicators of Eurasian climate anomalies. Here, whether there exists a one-to-two correspondence relationship that generally agrees with the supercritical pitchfork bifurcation model, referred to as a pitchfork-like relationship, between reduced sea ice concentration (SIC) in the Barents-Kara Seas in specific months and the lagging Ural circulation anomalies is explored. Based on the monthly observational SIC data and two reanalyses during 1979/1980 − 2020/2021, two typical examples are found by estimating the joint probability density function. Results show that when the gradually reduced SIC in September (January) passes a critical threshold, the preferred Ural circulation patterns in October (February) exhibit a regime transition from the flat zonal westerlies to wavy westerlies with a Ural trough and wavy westerlies with a Ural ridge. Because both the barotropic and baroclinic conversion of energy from the climatological-mean flow to Ural circulation anomalies exhibit a regime transition from one regime to two regimes. It might be associated with the increased both positive and negative shear vorticity of background westerly wind over the Ural region before the regime transition, contributed by the thermodynamic effect of the SIC reduction. After the regime transition, positive and negative anomaly events of Ural atmospheric circulation occur with equal probability under the same SIC. Our results suggest an increased incidence of both positive and negative anomalies of Ural atmospheric circulation and also the Siberian High, under the recent SIC reduction, which implies a low predictability of Eurasian climate anomalies in October and February.
Mummification in a forensic context: an observational study of taphonomic changes and the post-mortem interval in an indoor setting
Authors: Ceciliason Ann-Sofie , Käll Björn , Sandler Håkan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of mummification in an indoor setting, with an emphasis on the forensic perspective. A dataset of 102 forensic autopsy cases was assessed for distribution of desiccation of skin and soft tissue (i.e., subcutaneous fat and musculature) and for moist decompositional (i.e., putrefactive) changes. Further, possible correlation with the post-mortem interval (PMI) was evaluated, as well as the effects of clothing coverage of the body. The results indicated that yellow to orange parchment-like desiccated skin was found at significantly shorter PMIs than reddish brown to black leathery desiccated skin, even when soft tissue desiccation was included in the comparative analysis. Clothing appeared to have a significant decelerating effect on the extent of desiccation on the legs, but findings in regard to whole body or torso/arms were inconclusive. A large variation in PMIs was evident as regards fully desiccated skin (PMI 18–217 days), indicating difficulties in PMI estimation due to a variable repressive effect on the decompositional process per se in an indoor setting. For the specific case in forensic practice, no definite conclusion can be drawn from the observed desiccation changes to the PMI. One way forward might be creating a systematic and standardized method for describing different desiccation types, as well as other cooccurring decompositional changes and how they relate to the PMI, as a foundation for a future quantification model.
Controlling stick balancing on a linear track: Delayed state feedback or delay-compensating predictor feedback?
Authors: Nagy Dalma J. , Milton John G. , Insperger Tamas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA planar stick balancing task was investigated using stabilometry parameters (SP); a concept initially developed to assess the stability of human postural sway. Two subject groups were investigated: 6 subjects (MD) with many days of balancing a 90 cm stick on a linear track and 25 subjects (OD) with only one day of balancing experience. The underlying mechanical model is a pendulum-cart system. Two control force models were investigated by means of numerical simulations: (1) delayed state feedback (DSF); and (2) delay-compensating predictor feedback (PF). Both models require an internal model and are subject to certainty thresholds with delayed switching. Measured and simulated time histories were compared quantitatively using a cost function in terms of some essential SPs for all subjects. Minimization of the cost function showed that the control strategy of both OD and MD subjects can better be described by DSF. The control mechanism for the MD subjects was superior in two aspects: (1) they devoted less energy to controlling the cart’s position; and (2) their perception threshold for the stick’s angular velocity was found to be smaller. Findings support the concept that when sufficient sensory information is readily available, a delay-compensating PF strategy is not necessary.
Prenatal Sex Role Stereotypes: Gendered Expectations and Perceptions of (Expectant) Parents
Authors: Imhoff Roland , Hoffmann Lisa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPeople assign attributes to a different degree to other persons depending on whether these are male or female (sex role stereotypes). Such stereotypes continue to exist even in countries with lower gender inequality. The present research tested the idea that parents develop sex role consistent expectations of their babies’ attributes based on fetal sex (by ultrasound diagnostic), as well as gendered perceptions of their recently newborn babies. A total of 304 dyads of predominantly White expecting parents from Germany were followed over the course of pregnancy until after the birth and completed a sex role inventory on their babies’ expected (before birth) as well as perceived traits (after birth). Specifically, they rated to what extent they expected their babies to have normatively feminine traits (e.g., soft-spoken and warm) and normatively masculine traits (e.g., independent and assertive) twice before birth (first half of pregnancy, six weeks before due date) and to what extent they perceived their baby to have these traits eight weeks after birth. The results suggested that fathers held gendered expectations and perceptions, whereas mothers did not. These results suggest that male and female babies are likely to encounter sex role stereotypes about their alleged attributes as soon as their birth.