bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocides in Soils of Urban Stormwater Infiltration Systems—Indications of Inputs from Point and Non-point Sources
Authors: Linke Felicia , Edun Omoyemi , Junginger Tobias , Payraudeau Sylvain , Preusser Frank , Imfeld Gwenaël , Lange Jens 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUrban stormwater contains various micropollutants, such as biocides, which are washed off from facades during wind-driven rain events. Biocides can reach the groundwater via stormwater infiltration systems (SIS), although the soil layer acts as a reactive barrier preventing the leaching of biocides but producing transformation products (TPs). Little is known about the occurrence and concentration of biocides in SIS soils, their distribution and temporal behavior. Here, we present a first systematic screening of three commonly used biocides (diuron, octylisothiazolinone (OIT), terbutryn) and four TPs of terbutryn in 46 French and German SIS. Overall, biocide occurrence in SIS topsoils was ubiquitous but low, while point source inputs to specific SIS were high but rare. Low concentrations (< 2ng g-1) of terbutryn were detected in 78% of the SIS. Maximum concentrations occurred in recently constructed SIS, suggesting that this is due to higher biocide loads entering the SIS. The frequent detection of terbutryn supports the idea that it is a non-point source marker, as it is relatively stable in soil (t1/2 > 90 days) and widely used in renders and paints. In contrast, high concentrations of diuron (168 ng g-1) and OIT (58 ng g-1) were observed in only one sample, suggesting an urban point source contamination, possibly from a freshly repainted facade. The distinction between source types provides a basis for targeted measures to prevent biocide entry to groundwater. Altogether, this study opens the door to a more systematic consideration of micropollutant dissipation and ecotoxicological effects in SIS design and monitoring.
Effect of fruiting-related genes on the formation of volatile organic compounds in the mushroom Schizophyllum commune
Authors: Orban Axel , Schwab Lisa Janaina , Lugones Luis G. , Wösten Han A. B. , Rühl Martin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn fungi, little is known about connections between volatile organic compound (VOC) formation and developmental stages that are amongst others triggered by fruiting-related genes (FRGs). We analysed the volatilomes of Schizophyllum commune during different developmental stages in a variety of FRG-deletion strains and wild-type strains. The deletion strains Δtea1Δtea1, Δwc-2Δwc-2 and Δhom2Δhom2 were unable to develop fruiting bodies, and Δfst4Δfst4 formed only rudimentary fruiting body structures. Early developmental stages of these strains were dominated by esters, including methyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, isobutyl 2-methylpropionate, and 2-methylbutyl acetate, of which the last three were not found in the headspace (HS) of the wild-type samples. Compared to the wild type, in the HS of hom2con samples, that are able to form fruiting bodies, methyl 2-methylbutanoate was the most abundant substance at early stages (68–81% of the total peak area). In contrast to fruiting body forming strains, Δtea1Δtea1, Δwc-2Δwc-2, Δhom2Δhom2 and Δfst4Δfst4 showed less sesquiterpenes in the HS. However, the sesquiterpenes found in the HS of FRG-deletion strains, namely, (E)-nerolidol, δ-cadinene, L-calamenene, α-bisabolol and β-bisabolene, were not present in hom2con or wild-type strains that mainly formed fruiting bodies and barely mycelium. Several sesquiterpenes, including α-guaiene, chamigrene and γ-gurjunene, were only found in presence of fruiting bodies. Our results show remarkable connections between FRGs, fruiting body development and VOC production in S. commune, especially counting for sesquiterpenes. Future studies are needed to reveal whether FRGs directly regulates VOC formation or indirectly by changing the phenotype.
Experimental Determination of the Dependence Between Spectral Response and Current–Voltage Characteristics for MWIR HgCdTe Detectors
Authors: Kowalewski A. , Madejczyk P. , Manyk T. , Rutkowski J. , Martyniuk P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExperimental results are reported for a medium-wavelength infrared (MWIR) HgCdTe photodetector designed in a joint laboratory run by VIGO Photonics S.A. and the Military University of Technology. The parameters of the MWIR detectors fabricated with HgCdTe heterostructures were studied. Advances in the metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique enable the growth of HgCdTe epilayers with a wide range of composition and doping, used for uncooled infrared detectors. Device-quality HgCdTe heterostructures were deposited on 2-inch-diameter, low-cost (100) GaAs substrates. The heterostructures obtained were examined measuring the spectral response and current–voltage characteristics in different temperatures. Our intention here was to determine the relationship between electrical and optical results, using thermal analysis of dark current properties and photocurrent and spectral characteristics. The appearance of an additional signal source in certain ranges of reverse voltages was examined. Comparative analysis of the electrical and electro-optical characterization enabled us to isolate the photocurrent originating from different layers of the detector structure. Automated measurement techniques make it possible to correlate current responsivity with current–voltage curves measured as a function of temperature in a range from 10 K to 300 K with ±0.05 K resolution without human exertion. LabVIEW-aided data acquisition enables the averaging of each characteristic several hundred times, eliminates random and human errors, and decreases measurement uncertainty.
Graphical Abstract
Effects of Selected Plant Extracts on the Quality and Functional Properties of Gelatin and Furcellaran-Based Double-Layer Films
Authors: Nowak Nikola , Grzebieniarz Wiktoria , Cholewa-Wójcik Agnieszka , Juszczak Lesław , Konieczna-Molenda Anna , Dryzek Ewa , Sarnek Maciej , Szuwarzyński Michał , Mazur Tomasz , Jamróz Ewelina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, for the first time, double-layer films based on furcellaran and gelatin were obtained, in which the 1st layer of furcellaran was enriched with various plant extracts. The aim of this work was to improve the composition of the developed innovative packaging material by using two layers of biopolymer complexes and analysing the composites to determine the effect of different model plant extracts on the physicochemical properties of the double-layered materials. Furthermore, the hypothesis that positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) could be correlated with gas barrier properties was verified. The addition of plant extracts significantly influenced the physicochemical parameters of the obtained double-layered materials. The lowest solubility was noted in films with the addition of garlic extract (58.40%) and black pepper extract (59.26%) which also had the lowest water content (8.88%). The film with garlic extract also had the lowest oxygen transfer rate (OTR) value after 6 months of storage which is consistent with PALS. The presented data suggest the possibility of correlating PALS results with the gas barrier properties. Tests carried out using this method will facilitate the selection of new potential ingredients when designing packaging materials based on biopolymers, thus, making it possible to obtain new-generation matrices.
The Individual Victim. Hypogeneralization within a New Social Type
Authors: Mazur Lucas B 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOver the past several decades we have seen increased attention paid to victimhood. However, many of these dialogues are only tangentially related to actual experiences of victimization. They are better understood as reflections of a new Simmelian social type, that is, a new pattern emerging within psycho-social interaction—namely, the Victim. The current reflections focus on the meaning making processes within these broader discussions of victimhood. We first briefly review Georg Simmel’s understanding of social types and explore the Victim as a new social type. We then examine how the process of hypogeneralization appears within social types, including the Victim, whereby the patterned social interactions that constitute a social type are seen as a single individual or collective. Finally, we examine a recent example from popular discourse of the hypogeneralized Victim.
Fitting work? Students speak about campus employment
Authors: Taylor Alison , Bobadilla Sandoval Catalina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBalancing part-time work and studies has become commonplace for university students in Canada and other countries where the costs of education have risen over time. While there is a substantial literature on the impacts of term-time work on studies, little has been written about campus employment programs, which are becoming more commonplace in North American universities. This paper addresses this gap by considering students’ experiences in such a program at a western Canadian university. Focusing primarily on qualitative data from a longitudinal study, we examine the various reasons for the attractiveness of this program, which go beyond the promise of professional, career-related work experience. Our analysis draws on the academic literature on work-study roles, which examines whether term-time work has a more positive or negative effect on student outcomes as well as sociocultural literature that is more attentive to different contextual features of the work-study relationship. We find that university-sponsored jobs are highly valued by students for their workplace relationships, regulation, and flexibility. Positive relationships at work are facilitated by supervisors’ recognition of students’ academic priorities and opportunities to develop peer-support networks on campus. Other important features for students include the convenience of working where one studies, and the ability to build work schedules around academic schedules. However, the limited access to ‘good’ campus jobs raises concerns about equity.
Review on spatial downscaling of satellite derived precipitation estimates
Authors: Kofidou Maria , Stathopoulos Stavros , Gemitzi Alexandra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present work aims at reviewing and identifying gaps in knowledge and future perspectives of satellite-derived precipitation downscaling algorithms. Here, various aspects related to statistical and dynamical downscaling approaches of the precipitation data sets from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and its successor Intergraded Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG–GPM) mission are reviewed and the existing downscaling methods are categorized and analysed, to highlight the usefulness and applicability of the produced downscaled precipitation data sets. In addition, a critical comparison of the various statistical and dynamical methods for spatial or spatiotemporal downscaling of GPM and TRMM precipitation estimates was conducted, in terms of their advantages and disadvantages, simplicity of application and their suitability at different regional and temporal scales and hydroclimatic conditions. Finally, the adequacy of downscaling remotely sensed precipitation estimates as an effective way to obtain precipitation with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution is discussed and future challenges are highlighted.
Cooperative Dilemmas with Binary Actions and Multiple Players
Authors: Peña Jorge , Nöldeke Georg 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe prisoner’s dilemma, the snowdrift game, and the stag hunt are two-player symmetric games that are often considered as prototypical examples of cooperative dilemmas across disciplines. However, surprisingly little consensus exists about the precise mathematical meaning of the words “cooperation” and “cooperative dilemma” for these and other binary-action symmetric games, in particular when considering interactions among more than two players. Here, we propose definitions of these terms and explore their evolutionary consequences on the equilibrium structure of cooperative dilemmas in relation to social optimality. We show that our definition of cooperative dilemma encompasses a large class of collective action games often discussed in the literature, including congestion games, games with participation synergies, and public goods games. One of our main results is that regardless of the number of players, all cooperative dilemmas—including multi-player generalizations of the prisoner’s dilemma, the snowdrift game, and the stag hunt—feature inefficient equilibria where cooperation is underprovided, but cannot have equilibria in which cooperation is overprovided. We also find simple conditions for full cooperation to be socially optimal in a cooperative dilemma. Our framework and results unify, simplify, and extend previous work on the structure and properties of cooperative dilemmas with binary actions and two or more players.
Experimental and numerical analysis of the aerodynamics and vortex interactions on multi-swept delta wings
Authors: Werner M. , Rein M. , Richter K. , Weiss S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe flow field around a generic multi-swept delta wing configuration is investigated under transonic flow conditions, both experimentally and numerically. A special focus is on the analysis of vortex/vortex and vortex/shock interactions at moderate angles of attack. In the present study, the Mach number is varied between $$\textrm{Ma} = {0.50}$$

Ma
=

0.50

and $$\textrm{Ma} = {1.41}$$

Ma
=

1.41

and the angle of attack is varied between $$\alpha = 8^\circ$$

α
=

8
∘

and $$\alpha = 28^\circ$$

α
=

28
∘

. Numerical results are validated using experimental surface pressure data from pressure taps, as well as forces and moments based on strain gauge measurements. For selected cases, velocity field data from particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements are available as well. Over a broad range of angle of attack and Mach number, strong vortex/vortex interactions, including vortex braiding and vortex merging, occur. The location of vortex merging is moving downstream with increasing angle of attack and increasing Mach number. Additionally, at $$\textrm{Ma} = {0.85}$$

Ma
=

0.85

, vortex/shock interaction occurs above the wing. For moderate angles of attack, shock-induced vortex breakdown is observed.
Appraising the Methodological Quality of Sports Injury Video Analysis Studies: The QA-SIVAS Scale
Authors: Hoenig Tim , Rahlf Lina , Wilke Jan , Krauß Inga , Dalos Dimitris , Willwacher Steffen , Mai Patrick , Hollander Karsten , Fohrmann Dominik , Krosshaug Tron , Gronwald Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Video analysis (VA) is commonly used in the assessment of sports injuries and has received considerable research interest. Until now, no tool has been available for the assessment of study quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a valid instrument that reliably assesses the methodological quality of VA studies.

Methods
The Quality Appraisal for Sports Injury Video Analysis Studies (QA-SIVAS) scale was developed using a modified Delphi approach including expert consensus and pilot testing. Reliability was examined through intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC3,1) and free-marginal kappa statistics by three independent raters. Construct validity was investigated by comparing QA-SIVAS with expert ratings by using Kendall’s tau analysis. Rating time was studied by applying the scale to 21 studies and computing the mean time for rating per study article.

Results
The QA-SIVAS scale consists of an 18-item checklist addressing the study design, data source, conduct, report, and discussion of VA studies in sports injury research. Inter- and intra-rater reliability were excellent with ICCs > 0.97. Expert ratings revealed a high construct validity (0.71; p < 0.001). Mean rating time was 10 ± 2 min per article.

Conclusion
QA-SIVAS is a reliable and valid instrument that can be easily applied to sports injury research. Future studies in the field of VA should adhere to standardized methodological criteria and strict quality guidelines.
Higher education students’ learning perception in the blended learning community of inquiry
Authors: ElSayad Ghada 
Published: August 2023

AbstractScholars have asserted that the community of inquiry framework is a robust framework in which teaching presence, social presence, and cognitive presence integrate to attain successful learning experiences. Therefore, researchers have shown a growing interest in extending it by adding learning presence to reflect students’ self-regulation practices in online and blended learning environments, which is important in such learning environments. Despite this, there is an ongoing debate about whether the additional presence is structurally related to the existing community of inquiry counterparts. Furthermore, empirical evidence is required to investigate the contribution of the extended community of inquiry framework to fostering students’ learning experiences. Attempting to fill these gaps, this study examines the structural relationships among the extended community of inquiry components and investigates their impacts on students’ learning perceptions (as an outcome). This study’s data were collected from 198 students enrolled in courses taught using the blended learning approach. The results of structural equation modelling revealed that students’ learning presence is significantly influenced by teaching presence and social presence. Moreover, students’ cognitive presence is significantly influenced by the social presence and learning presence. Learning presence was found to be the most important driver of students’ learning perceptions. Furthermore, many significant mediation roles of social presence, learning presence, and cognitive presence were statistically proven. This study provides the literature with deep insights into the extended community of inquiry framework. Moreover, its findings provide practitioners with a better understanding of how to conduct a well-designed blended learning community of inquiry that fosters students’ learning perceptions.
Political Manipulation Behind the COVID-19 ‘Color Code’ in Italy?
Authors: Busetta Giovanni , Fiorillo Fabio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDuring the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Italian government implemented stringent containment measures (lockdown) to curb the spread of the virus. However, in the subsequent wave, a regional approach was adopted, categorizing areas into different colored zones with varying restrictions based on local risk levels. This study aims at investigating whether, in addition to health considerations, political factors such as the facilitation of mobility flows influenced the imposition of regional restrictions. The underlying premise is that if restrictions are solely driven by public health factors as mandated by law, the probability of assigning a particular color to a region should be determined solely by these health-related factors. Using probit and logit models on a regional panel dataset, our findings suggest potential indications of political manipulation.
Developmental dyslexia and culture: the impact of writing system and orthography
Authors: Lachmann Thomas , Bergström Kirstin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDevelopmental dyslexia is recognized worldwide. However, there are cultural differences between countries in dyslexia-related issues, including assessment practices and intervention. Language and orthography are essential cultural factors that influence both literacy acquisition and the possible manifestation of developmental dyslexia. These differences in orthographies impose different culturally specific demands on cognitive processes involved in reading acquisition and performance. This special issue focuses on the current research on different writing systems and orthographies and on the theoretical perspectives arising from findings from different orthographies. Thereby, the impact of writing systems and orthographies (e.g., English, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Chinese, Bahasa Melayu/Malaysian and braille script) on unimpaired and impaired reading acquisition is considered with regard to the following literacy-relevant issues: (1) the assessment of reading skills and reading-relevant cognitive functions, (2) neurobiological findings and (3) intervention. The findings and theoretical perspectives are discussed within the Multiple-level Framework of Developmental Dyslexia, which is described in detail in a contribution of the special issue.
Assessing Methane Emissions From Tropical Wetlands: Uncertainties From Natural Variability and Drivers at the Global Scale
Authors: Murguia‐Flores F. , Jaramillo V. J. , Gallego‐Sala A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMethane (CH4) emissions from tropical wetlands represent half of the global wetland emissions, but uncertainties remain concerning the extent of tropical methane sources. One limitation is to conceive tropical wetlands as a single ecosystem, especially in global land surface models. We estimate CH4 emissions and assess their environmental and anthropogenic drivers. We created a data set with 101 studies involving 328‐point measurements, classified the sites into four wetland types, and included relevant biological and environmental information. We estimate the global CH4 emission rate from tropical wetlands as 35 (5–160) mg CH4 m−2 d−1 (median, first and third quartile) and an annual global rate of 94 (56, 158) Tg y−1. Fluxes differed among the wetland types, but except for anthropogenic factors, significant environmental drivers at the global scale could not be quantitatively identified because of high flux variability, even within wetland types. Coastal wetlands generate median emissions of 12 (5–23) Tg y−1. Inland deep‐water wetlands emit 53 (32–114) Tg y−1, with highly variable areal extent. Emissions from inland shallow‐water wetlands are 52 (33–78) Tg y−1 with variation due to seasonal changes in water table level. Human‐made wetlands emit 17 (10–24) Tg y−1. Pollution and N inputs from agriculture are significant anthropogenic drivers of emissions from tropical wetlands. Specific drivers of change need to be considered according to wetland type when estimating global emissions as well as their specific vulnerability to global change. Additionally, these differences should be considered when implementing wetland management practices aimed at decreasing methane emissions.