bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIG-SLAM: an accurate RGB-D SLAM based on instance segmentation and geometric clustering for dynamic indoor scenes
Authors: Liang Rongguang , Yuan Jie , Kuang Benfa , Liu Qiang , Guo Zhenyu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) has emerged as a critical technology enabling robots to navigate in unknown environments, drawing extensive attention within the robotics research community. However, traditional visual SLAM ignores the presence of dynamic objects in indoor scenes, and dynamic point features of dynamic objects can lead to incorrect data correlation, making the traditional visual SLAM is difficult to accurately estimate the camera’s pose when the objects in the scenes are moving. Using only point features cannot fully extract geometric information in dynamic indoor scenes, reducing the system’s robustness. To solve this problem, we develop a RGB-D SLAM system called DIG-SLAM. Firstly, the objects’ contour regions are extracted using the YOLOv7 instance segmentation method, serving as a prerequisite for determining dynamic objects and constructing a semantic information map. Meanwhile, the line features are extracted using the line segment detector algorithm, and the redundant line features are optimized via K-means clustering. Secondly, moving consistency checks combined with instance partitioning determine dynamic regions, and the point and line features of the dynamic regions are removed. Finally, the combination of static line features and point features optimizes the camera pose. Meanwhile, a static semantic octree map is created to provide richer and higher-level scene understanding and perception capabilities for robots or autonomous systems. The experimental results on the Technische Universität München dataset show that the average absolute trajectory error of the developed DIG-SLAM is reduced by 28.68% compared with the dynamic semantic SLAM. Compared with other dynamic SLAM methods, the proposed system shows better camera pose estimation accuracy and system’s robustness in dynamic indoor environments and better map building in real indoor scenes.
Sub-10 nm HfZrO ferroelectric synapse with multiple layers and different ratios for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Chen Bo , Wang Chengcheng , Zhan Xuepeng , Wu Shuhao , Tai Lu , Mei Junyao , Wu Jixuan , Chen Jiezhi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
To break the von Neumann bottleneck, emerging non-volatile memories have gained extensive attention in hardware implementing neuromorphic computing. The device scaling with low operating voltage is of great importance for delivering a high-integrating and energy-efficient neuromorphic system. In this paper, we fabricated sub-10 nm ferroelectric capacitors based on HfZrO (HZO) film with varying HfO and ZrO components. Compared to the conventional HZO capacitors (a constant component of 1:1), the varying component ferroelectric capacitors show similar remnant polarization but a lower coercive electric field (Ec). This enables the partial domain switching processed at a lower pulse amplitude and width, which is essential for emulating typical synaptic features. In the MNIST recognition task, the accuracy of sub-10 nm ferroelectric artificial synapse can approach ∼85.83%. Our findings may provide great potential for developing next-generation neuromorphic computing-based ultra-scaled ferroelectric artificial synapses.
Electroactive poly(thionine) as imprinted polymer and reference probe simultaneously for ratiometric ion imprinted electrochemical Pb2+ sensor
Authors: Liu Jiawei , Zou Jin , Deng Linbo , Peng Guanwei , Liu Shuwu , Rui Peixin , Wang Xiaoqiang , Wang Linyu , Gao Yansha , Lu Limin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this work, an electrochemical sensor based on ion-imprinted polymer/Au nanoparticles/porous biochar (IIP/AuNPs/PBC) composite was proposed for the highly selective and sensitive detection of Pb2+. In this work, poly (thionine) (pTHI) served simultaneously as imprinted polymer and reference probe. It could not only realize the specific detection of Pb2+, but also provide an internal reference signal to eliminate the influence of human and environmental factors on the detection signal and further improve the stability of the sensor. In addition, the AuNPs/PBC composite with large specific surface area, excellent electron transport and electrocatalytic performance could effectively enhance the detection signal as a carrier material. At the same time, the AuNPs on the PBC surface would promote the formation of uniform and stable IIP through Au–S bonds. The synergistic effect between IIP, AuNPs/PBC and ratiometric signal mode gave the Pb2+ sensor excellent performance, including a wide linear range (0.1–1000 μg l−1), low detection limit (0.03 μg l−1, S/N = 3), excellent selectivity and stability. All these results indicate that the proposed sensor could provide a meaningful reference for highly selective detection of heavy metal ions (HMIs).
DC and AC characteristics of Si/SiGe based vertically stacked complementary-tunneling FETs
Authors: Thoti Narasimhulu , Li Yiming 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, electrical characteristics of a complementary tunneling field effect transistor (CTFET) is studied computationally for the first time. The design of CTFET is carried with 3D vertically stacked channels (multiple) of n-TFET on top of the p-TFET with gate-all-around (GAA) nanosheet SiGe options. The CTFET technology (using CFETs) is examined for emerging technology nodes as a potential alternative to conventional TFETs. Here, the device level design of CTFET is strictly monitored with DC characteristic behavior under the influence of process variability conditions (traps and temperature). The performance analysis is extended to analyze the scalability of CTFET under critical dimensions (n- to p-TFET separation, nanosheet pitch, and so on), and find that it is highly scalable. The circuit analysis of CTFET-inverter show high-noise margin (NM) and voltage gains compared to the conventional strained-Si GAA-TFETs at the supply range (V
D
D) from 0.7 ≥ V
D
D ≥ 0.2 V. In addition, the CTFET-inverter circuit performance is analyzed with miller capacitance, power delay product, and intrinsic delay, respectively. Improved circuit performance, followed by 12.5% and 21.5% improvements in low and high NMs (NML and NMH) are seen in CTFETs compared to conventional TFETs.
Directional dependence of band gap modulation via uniaxial strain in MoS2 and TiS3
Authors: Armstrong Alex , McKenna Keith P , Wang Yue 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Strain is widely employed to modulate the band structures of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials. Such band engineering with strain applied along different crystallographic directions, however, is less explored. Here, we investigate the band gap modulation of layered chalcogenides, MoS2 and TiS3, and the dependence of their band gaps on the directions of applied strain, using first-principles calculations. The band gap transition in MoS2 is found to reduce in energy linearly as a function of increasing tensile strain, with a weakly directional-dependent gradient, varying by 4.6 meV/% (from −52.7 ± 0.6 to −57.3 ± 0.1 meV/%) from the zigzag to armchair directions. Conversely, the band gap in TiS3 decreases with strain applied along the a lattice vector, but increases with strain applied in the perpendicular direction, with a non-linear strain-band gap relationship found between these limits. Analysis of the structure of the materials and character of the band edge states under strain helps explain the origins of the stark differences between MoS2 and TiS3. Our results provide new insights for strain engineering in 2D materials and the use of the direction of applied strain as another degree of freedom.
Adsorption of sulfur-containing contaminant gases by pristine, Cr and Mo doped NbS2 monolayers based on density functional theory
Authors: Wu Dandan , Ma Aling , Liu Zhiyi , Wang Zhenzhen , Xu Fang , Fan Guohong , Xu Hong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The adsorption and sensor performance of hazardous gases containing sulfur (SO2, H2S and SO3) on pristine, Cr and Mo doped NbS2 monolayers (Cr-NbS2 and Mo-NbS2) were investigated in detail based on density functional theory. The comparative analysis of the parameters such as density of states, adsorption energy, charge transfer, recovery time and work function of the systems showed that the pristine NbS2 monolayer have poor sensor performance for sulfur-containing hazardous gases due to weak adsorption capacity, insignificant charge transfer and insignificant changes in electronic properties after gas adsorption on the surface. After doping with Cr atoms, the adsorption performance of Cr-NbS2 was significantly improved, and it can be used as a sensor for SO2 and H2S gases and as an adsorbent for SO3 gas. The adsorption performance of Mo-NbS2 is also significantly improved by doping with Mo atoms, and it can be used as a sensor for H2S gas and as an adsorbent for SO2 and SO3 gas. Therefore, Cr-NbS2 and Mo-NbS2 are revealed to be sensing or elimination materials for the harmful gases containing sulfur (SO2, H2S and SO3) in the atmosphere.
Point-of-care AI-assisted stepwise ultrasound pneumothorax diagnosis
Authors: Kim Kyungsang , Macruz Fabiola , Wu Dufan , Bridge Christopher , McKinney Suzannah , Al Saud Ahad Alhassan , Sharaf Elshaimaa , Sesic Ivana , Pely Adam , Danset Paul , Duffy Tom , Dhatt Davin , Buch Varun , Liteplo Andrew , Li Quanzheng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective. Ultrasound is extensively utilized as a convenient and cost-effective method in emergency situations. Unfortunately, the limited availability of skilled clinicians in emergency hinders the wider adoption of point-of-care ultrasound. To overcome this challenge, this paper aims to aid less experienced healthcare providers in emergency lung ultrasound scans. Approach. To assist healthcare providers, it is important to have a comprehensive model that can automatically guide the entire process of lung ultrasound based on the clinician’s workflow. In this paper, we propose a framework for diagnosing pneumothorax using artificial intelligence (AI) assistance. Specifically, the proposed framework for lung ultrasound scan follows the steps taken by skilled physicians. It begins with finding the appropriate transducer position on the chest to locate the pleural line accurately in B-mode. The next step involves acquiring temporal M-mode data to determine the presence of lung sliding, a crucial indicator for pneumothorax. To mimic the sequential process of clinicians, two DL models were developed. The first model focuses on quality assurance (QA) and regression of the pleural line region-of-interest, while the second model classifies lung sliding. To achieve the inference on a mobile device, a size of EfficientNet-Lite0 model was further reduced to have fewer than 3 million parameters. Main results. The results showed that both the QA and lung sliding classification models achieved over 95% in area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC), while the ROI performance reached 89% in the dice similarity coefficient. The entire stepwise pipeline was simulated using retrospective data, yielding an AUC of 89%. Significance. The step-wise AI framework for the pneumothorax diagnosis with QA offers an intelligible guide for each clinical workflow, which achieved significantly high precision and real-time inferences.
Tomographic optical emission spectroscopy of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet and surface ionization waves on planar and structured surfaces
Authors: Bentz Brian Z 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, an approach for 3D plasma structure diagnostics using tomographic optical emission spectroscopy (Tomo-OES) of a nanosecond pulsed atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) is presented. In contrast to the well-known Abel inversion, Tomo-OES does not require cylindrical symmetry to recover 3D distributions of plasma light emission. Instead, many 2D angular projections are measured with intensified cameras and the multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique is used to recover the 3D distribution of light emission. This approach solves the line-of-sight integration problem inherent to optical diagnostics, allowing recovery of localized OES information within the plasma that can be used to better infer plasma parameters within complex plasma structures. Here, Tomo-OES was applied to investigate an APPJ operated with helium in ambient air and impinging on planar and structured dielectric surfaces. Surface charging caused the guided streamer from the APPJ to transition to a surface ionization wave (SIW) that propagated along the surface. The SIW experienced variable geometrical and electrical material properties as it propagated, leading to 3D configurations that were non-symmetric and spatially complex. Light emission from He, N

2
+

, and N2 were imaged at ten angular projections and the respective time-resolved 3D emission distributions in the plasma were then reconstructed. The spatial resolution of each tomographic reconstruction was 7.4 µm and the temporal resolution was 5 ns, sufficient to observe the guided streamer and the effects of the structured surface on the SIW. Emission from He showed the core of the jet and emission from N

2
+

and N2 indicated effects of entrainment of ambient air. Penning ionization of N2 created a ring or outer layer of N

2
+

that spatially converged to form the ‘plasma bullet’ or spatially diverged across a surface as part of a SIW. The SIW entered trenches of size 150 µm, leading to decreases in plasma light emission in regions above the trenches. The plasma light emission was higher in some regions with trenches, possibly due to effects of field enhancement.
Correlations between reverse bias leakage current, cathodoluminescence intensity and carbon vacancy observed in 4H-SiC junction barrier Schottky diode
Authors: Ho Lok-Ping , Li Si-hua , Lin Tianxiang , Cheung Jack , Chau Tony , Ling Francis Chi-Chung 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Reverse bias currents of ten commercial junction barrier Schottky diodes were measured, and the dies were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and cathodoluminescence (CL) after the de-capsulation of the diodes. Defect emissions (DEs) of 2.62 eV were observed in all the CL spectra. By comparing the SEM images, the integral CL intensity spatial mappings and the reverse bias leakage currents, correlations between the leakage current, the integral CL intensity and the Al-implantation process were established. The data of reverse bias leakage current against the reverse bias voltage taken at room temperature followed the Poole Frenkel emission from the Z
1/Z
2 carbon vacancy states to the conduction band. The DE at 2.62 eV is associated with the electronic transition from Z
1/Z
2 to the valence band. The current observation also opens up the feasibility of screening off SiC diodes with large leakage current during production by inspecting the CL intensity before the device fabrication is complete.
A novel interior seed addition to improve the levitation force and the trapped field of multi-seeded YBCO bulk superconductors
Authors: Abulaiti Abulizi , Wan-Min Yang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Top multi-seeded technique (TMS) is a cost-effective and time-saving method in fabricating larger size high-quality REBCO bulk superconductors. However, the physical properties of the samples prepared by the TMS technique are clearly reduced compared to the single domain samples, especially around the grain boundaries between the neighboring grains. Here we have proposed a novel Inner-Top Multiple-Seeding (IT-MS) technique, which can be used to design and optimize the shapes and space configuration of the single-domain YBCO grains, so as to improve the physical properties of multi-seeded REBCO bulk sample. These have been verified with 60 × 20 × 13 mm3 parallelepiped YBCO bulk superconductors. The levitation force of 112.8 N (77 K, 0.5 T) is achieved in the sample prepared by the IT-MS method with two top seeds and one interior seed, which is 25.2% and 16.9% higher than that of the samples prepared using the TMS method with only two and three top seeds. The trapped field of the IT-MS sample is not only higher than that of the TMS sample, but also the magnetic field coupling ratio is significantly enhanced from 44.2% to 65.1%. The results indicate that the IT-MS technique is helpful to improve the physical properties and homogeneities of the multi-seeded YBCO bulk samples, especially effective for the fabrication of high-quality larger size REBCO bulk superconductors.
Resonance fluorescence of noisy systems
Authors: Bogaczewicz Rafał A , Machnikowski Paweł 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Light scattering from resonantly or nearly resonantly excited systems, known as resonance fluorescence (RF), has been gaining importance as a versatile tool for investigating quantum states of matter and readout of quantum information, recently including also the inherently noisy solid state systems. In this work we develop a general theory of RF in the low excitation limit on systems in which the transition energy is subject to noise for two important classes of noise processes: white noise fluctuations that lead to phase diffusion and an arbitrary stationary Markovian noise process on a finite set of states. We apply the latter to the case of random telegraph noise (TN) and a sum of an arbitrary number of identical random TN contributions. We show that different classes of noise influence the RF spectrum in a characteristic way. Hence, the spectrum carries information on the characteristics of noise present in the physical system.
Creation and dynamics of spin fluctuations in a noisy magnetic field
Authors: Delpy J , Liu S , Neveu P , Roussy C , Jolicoeur Th , Bretenaker F , Goldfarb F 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We theoretically and numerically investigate the spin fluctuations induced in a thermal atomic ensemble by an external fluctuating uniaxial magnetic field, in the context of a standard spin noise spectroscopy (SNS) experiment. We show that additional spin noise is excited, which dramatically depends on the magnetic noise variance and bandwidth, as well as on the power of the probe light and its polarization direction. We develop an analytical perturbative model proving that this spin noise first emerges from the residual optical pumping in the medium, which is then converted into spin fluctuations by the magnetic noise and eventually detected using SNS. The system studied is a spin-1 system, which thus shows both Faraday rotation and ellipticity noises induced by the random magnetic fluctuations. The analytical model gives results in perfect agreement with the numerical simulations, with potential applications in future experimental characterization of stray field properties and their influence on spin dynamics.
Low lead inorganic Zn-based mixed-halide perovskites CsPb0.625Zn0.375I3−β
X
β
(X = Cl or Br) for energy generation with 23.5% efficiency
Authors: Kaur Navdeep , Madan Jaya , Mohammed Mustafa K A , Samajdar D P , Khalid Hossain M , Pandey Rahul 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Hybrid perovskite (HP) solar cells have garnered significant attention in recent years for their excellent light absorption, long carrier lifetime, and high diffusion length, resulting in high power conversion efficiency and superior optical performance compared to silicon solar cells. However, the organic component in HP solar cells is vulnerable to thermal variations and the presence of lead (Pb) poses a threat to the environment. To address these issues, this work proposes the use of all-inorganic halide perovskite (IHP) materials with low lead content as the absorber layer in four different perovskite solar cell configurations: CsPb0.625Zn0.375I2Br, CsPb0.625Zn0.375IBr2, CsPb0.625Zn0.375I2Cl, CsPb0.625Zn0.375ICl2. In addition, owing to the consideration novel IHP materials, it is important to identify the appropriate properties of transport layers since conventional transport layers are best suited to conventional organic–inorganic halide perovskites and may not work well with proposed IHP. Therefore, the appropriate electron transport layer (ETL) has also been investigated through optimization of electron affinity (4.0 eV − 4.23 eV), mobility (0.004 cm2/Vs to 4 cm2/Vs), and donor doping density (1015 cm−3 to 1018 cm−3). The device performance has been further analysed and optimized by varying the active layer thickness. The selected ETL is then combined with the absorber layers to evaluate performance. The effect of varying the thickness of the absorption layer is observed in all four device arrangements. Simulation results show that CsPb0.625Zn0.375ICl2 performed best among the mentioned absorber materials, with a power conversion efficiency of 23.5% with ETL parameters of 4.00 eV (electron affinity, χ), 4 cm2/Vs (electron mobility, μ
n), 1×1018 cm−3 (donor doping density, Nd) and absorber layer thickness of 500 nm. Proposed work may open a window for the development of a new class of environment friendly and stable perovskite solar cells in future.
Effect of Al addition on microstructure and wetting properties of quinary lead-free solder alloy systems
Authors: Oguz Serkan , Erer Ahmet Mustafa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this study, the wetting and microstructural properties of SACBi-xAl (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.6%) quinary lead-free solder alloys produced by adding various amounts of Al to the quaternary SAC-1Bi lead-free solder alloy (wt%) were investigated. The wetting and microstructural properties of Al-added quinary lead-free solder alloys on Cu substrate in an Ar gas atmosphere were investigated. It was reported that the best wetting angle (38.44° for the 325 °C temperature value) and melting temperature (212.5 °C) belonged to the SACBi-0.1Al solder alloy. When the microstructural properties are examined, it is seen with the help of SEM images that the CuAl IMC phase, which is rich in Al, has replaced Cu6Sn5 and Ag3Sn IMCs.
Asymmetric space-dependent systems: partial stabilization through the addition of noise and exact solutions for the corresponding nonlinear Langevin equations
Authors: Fa Kwok Sau , Ho Choon-Lin , Matos Y B , da Luz M G E 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In many instances, the dynamical richness and complexity observed in natural phenomena can be related to stochastic drives influencing their temporal evolution. For example, random noise allied to spatial asymmetries may induce stabilization of otherwise diverging trajectories in dynamical systems. However, to identify how exactly this takes place in actual processes usually is not a simple task. Here we unveil a few trends leading to dynamical stabilization and diversity of behavior by introducing Gaussian white noise to a class of exactly solvable non-linear deterministic models displaying space-dependent drifts. For the resulting nonlinear Langevin equations, the associated Fokker-Planck equations can be solved through the similarity method or the Fourier transform technique. By comparing the cases with and without noise, we discuss the changes in the systems dynamical characteristics. Simple examples of drift and diffusion coefficients are explicitly analyzed and comparisons with some other models in the literature are made. Our study illustrates the rich phenomenology originated from spatially heterogeneous dynamical systems under the influence of white noise.