bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2 Developing a militarily relevant ex-vivo model of traumatic injury and haemorrhagic shock
Authors: Cottey Laura , Stoll Alex , Stone John P , Entwistle Timothy R , Amin Kavit , Kerr Jak , Cowey William R , Corban JT Bowers , Smith Jason E , Watts Sarah , Fildes James E 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundTraumatic injury is a leading cause of death worldwide. There is a crucial need to develop therapies that improve critically injured patient outcomes. Current trauma research models are ethically and financially challenging, with poor translation. However, traumatic injury and haemorrhagic shock can be modelled using ex-vivo normothermic perfusion (EVNP), a methodology adapted from transplantation. The aim of this study was to develop a 24hr EVNP duel porcine limb and kidney model.MethodEight porcine forelimbs, bilateral kidneys and blood were retrieved via standard protocols. Following <4hrs cold storage, the kidneys were connected to a bespoke Ex-Vivo Research Centre circuit via the renal artery, and a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 80mmHg was maintained. The perfusate consisted of leukocyte-deplete blood and Ringer’s solution. Once the kidney was haemodynamically stable, the limb was connected via the brachial and radial collateral arteries. Haemodynamic parameters were continuously monitored, biochemical perfusate assessment performed hourly and histopathology baseline and end timepoints samples taken.ResultsPerfusion was maintained for 24hrs in all limbs, with blood flows of 345.03mls/min (±54.78 SD) and MAP of 77.57mmHg (±3.82 SD). Three kidneys achieved 24hr perfusion, with flows of 214.53mls/min (±41.6 SD) and MAP of 80.58mmHg (±0.51 SD). Biochemical analysis showed a statistically significant potassium elevation at 24hrs compared to baseline, p=0.0078. A further three kidneys were disconnected from the circuit at 7, 11 and 12hrs, and two kidneys showed decline in flow >15 hrs due to declining haemodynamics. Compared to baseline, evidence of cell death was observed in 24hr muscle samples. In the end-point kidney samples, tubular degeneration, protein loss and necrosis extended along the nephron.ConclusionsLimb EVNP can be successfully achieved for 24hrs, but further protocol improvements are required to sustain renal perfusion for 24hrs alongside adjustments to reduce the ischaemic insult and cell death.
Evidence-based practice models and frameworks in the healthcare setting: a scoping review
Authors: Dusin Jarrod , Melanson Andrea , Mische-Lawson Lisa 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesThe aim of this scoping review was to identify and review current evidence-based practice (EBP) models and frameworks. Specifically, how EBP models and frameworks used in healthcare settings align with the original model of (1) asking the question, (2) acquiring the best evidence, (3) appraising the evidence, (4) applying the findings to clinical practice and (5) evaluating the outcomes of change, along with patient values and preferences and clinical skills.DesignA Scoping review.Included sources and articlesPublished articles were identified through searches within electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus) from January 1990 to April 2022. The English language EBP models and frameworks included in the review all included the five main steps of EBP. Excluded were models and frameworks focused on one domain or strategy (eg, frameworks focused on applying findings).ResultsOf the 20 097 articles found by our search, 19 models and frameworks met our inclusion criteria. The results showed a diverse collection of models and frameworks. Many models and frameworks were well developed and widely used, with supporting validation and updates. Some models and frameworks provided many tools and contextual instruction, while others provided only general process instruction. The models and frameworks reviewed demonstrated that the user must possess EBP expertise and knowledge for the step of assessing evidence. The models and frameworks varied greatly in the level of instruction to assess the evidence. Only seven models and frameworks integrated patient values and preferences into their processes.ConclusionMany EBP models and frameworks currently exist that provide diverse instructions on the best way to use EBP. However, the inclusion of patient values and preferences needs to be better integrated into EBP models and frameworks. Also, the issues of EBP expertise and knowledge to assess evidence must be considered when choosing a model or framework.
Does knowledge have a half-life? An observational study analyzing the use of older citations in medical and scientific publications
Authors: Chow Natalie L.Y. , Tateishi Natalie , Goldhar Alexa , Zaheer Rabia , Redelmeier Donald A. , Cheung Amy H. , Schaffer Ayal , Sinyor Mark 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesIn the process of scientific progress, prior evidence is both relied on and supplanted by new discoveries. We use the term ‘knowledge half-life’ to refer to the phenomenon in which older knowledge is discounted in favour of newer research. By quantifying the knowledge half-life, we sought to determine whether research published in more recent years is preferentially cited over older research in medical and scientific articles.DesignAn observational study employing a directed, systematic search of current literature.Data sourcesBMJ,PNAS,JAMA,NEJM,The Annals of Internal Medicine,The Lancet,ScienceandNaturewere searched.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesEight high-impact medical and scientific journals were sampled examining original research articles from the first issue of every year over a 25-year span (1996–2020). The outcome of interest was the difference between the publication year of the article and references cited, termed ‘citation lag’.Data extraction and synthesisAnalysis of variance was used to identify significant differences in citation lag.ResultsA total of 726 articles and 17 895 references were included with a mean citation lag of 7.5±8.4 years. Across all journals, >70% of references had been published within 10 years of the citing article. Approximately 15%–20% of referenced articles were 10–19 years old, and articles more than 20 years old were cited infrequently. Medical journals articles had references with significantly shorter citation lags compared with general science journals (p≤0.01). Articles published before 2009 had references with significantly shorter citation lags compared with those published in 2010–2020 (p<0.001).ConclusionsThis study found evidence of a small increase in the citation of older research in medical and scientific literature over the past decade. This phenomenon deserves further characterisation and scrutiny to ensure that ‘old knowledge’ is not being lost.
Water-Soluble Ions and Heavy Metal Levels, Source Apportionment, and Health Risk of Indoor Dust in the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang, China
Authors: Ma Xiaoyi , Xia Dunsheng , Zhang Guobin , Chen Peiyuan , Liu Xinying , Liu Hui , Wang Wanfu , Zhan Hongtao , Zhang Yixiao , Yu Qiao 
Published: May 2023

The direct ingestion of indoor dust particles at historical heritage sites is a primary exposure pathway for employees to heavy metals. Water-soluble ions (WSIs) and heavy metal levels, sources, bioaccessibility, and health risks associated with indoor dust in the Mogao Grottoes were analyzed using comprehensive methods to determine the differences in the concentrations and distribution characteristics of WSIs and heavy metals between statue dust and floor dust. The concentrations of WSIs and heavy metals and the magnetic values of

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and SIRM in indoor dust were higher than those in street dust and topsoil. The mean

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, 15-fold higher than the background value, indicating the continual receipt of heavy metals with high magnetic minerals during dust deposition. WSIs mainly originate from the weathering of surrounding rocks and earthen plaster; Pb originates from the shedding of paint of murals and sculptures; and Zn, Cu, and magnetic minerals originate from traffic sources. The bioaccessibility of heavy metals is high in the gastrointestinal phases of indoor dust. Overall, the health risks posed by heavy metals in indoor dust were low, with moderate to high risks in individual caves. Ingestion presents the highest noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risk to employees. These results provide essential knowledge on indoor dust characteristics in the Mogao Grottoes, facilitating strategies for dust pollution mitigation and employee health risk control.
Art of the Counter-Archive: Rosângela Rennó's Books and the Secret Files of the Dictatorship
Authors: Bedran Marina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article examines Brazilian artist Rosângela Rennó's books 2005–510117385–5 and A01 [COD.19.1.1.43] – A27 [S | COD.23], which engage with photographs stolen from public collections in Rio de Janeiro. Both books triggered a conversation about institutional precarity and its effects on national memory and cultural heritage—one that took place a few years before the 2018 fire at Rio de Janeiro's Museu Nacional, which destroyed much of its invaluable archive of twenty million items and was understood as a national tragedy. It discusses Rennó's books in light of 1960s and 1970s Latin American Conceptualisms, arguing that they propose new ways of understanding the secret files of the 1964–85 dictatorship—a still unresolved issue in Brazil. Tackling the dynamics of public museums, private collections, and incentive laws and activating the generative potential of circulation, Rennó's work provides both a commentary on the role of institutions and national memory and at the same time a warning against the unregulated circulation of the neoliberal market. Ultimately, it offers a critique of the archive's potential to be coopted to authoritarian ends and a model for a public, circulating counter-archive of collective memories.
Diagnosing Perpetual High Corruption in Cameroon: From Colonial Antecedents to Neo-imperialism
Authors: Tiky Lembe M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Although every index of “perceived corruption” invariably ranks African nations amongst the most corrupt countries in the world, few studies have examined their particular situations to understand the causes of this “cancer.” This article analyses the causes of corruption in Cameroon, a country ranked twice as the most corrupt in the world. The analysis develops in theory triangulation to assess the following three hypotheses: (1) High Corruption in Cameroon is due to the weakness of its colonially inherited institutions and the country’s slow modernization; (2) High corruption results from the reinforcement of colonial institutions by postcolonial leaders in the context of the Cold War; and (3) The persistence of high corruption is due to path dependence and is linked to the structure of the world financial order that allows the laundering of ill-gotten wealth. Following the investigation of the causes and persistence of corruption is a discussion on its reduction, if not elimination. This research has implications for Cameroon institutions that must adopt the best-required policies to reduce corruption and boost economic development.
Mesoscale Factors Contributing to the Extreme Rainstorm on 20 July 2021 in Zhengzhou, China, as Revealed by Rapid Update 4DVar Analysis
Authors: Sun Juanzhen , Li Rumeng , Zhang Qinghong , Trier Stanley B. , Ying Zhuming , Xu Jun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to diagnose mesoscale factors responsible for the formation and development of an extreme rainstorm that occurred on 20 July 2021 in Zhengzhou, China. The rainstorm produced 201.9 mm of rainfall in 1 h, breaking the record of mainland China for 1-h rainfall accumulation in the past 73 years. Using 2-km continuously cycled analyses with 6-min updates that were produced by assimilating observations from radar and dense surface networks with a four-dimensional variational (4DVar) data assimilation system, we illustrate that the modification of environmental easterlies by three mesoscale disturbances played a critical role in the development of the rainstorm. Among the three systems, a mesobeta-scale low pressure system (mesolow) that developed from an inverted trough southwest of Zhengzhou was key to the formation and intensification of the rainstorm. We show that the rainstorm formed via sequential merging of three convective cells, which initiated along the convergence bands in the mesolow. Further, we present evidence to suggest that the mesolow and two terrain-influenced flows near the Taihang Mountains north of Zhengzhou, including a barrier jet and a downslope flow, contributed to the local intensification of the rainstorm and the intense 1-h rainfall. The three mesoscale features coexisted near Zhengzhou in the several hours before the extreme 1-h rainfall and enhanced local wind convergence and moisture transport synergistically. Our analysis also indicated that the strong midlevel south/southwesterly winds from the mesolow along with the gravity-current-modified low-level northeasterly barrier jet enhanced the vertical wind shear, which provided favorable local environment supporting the severe rainstorm.
Comparison of the “Tall and Fall” Versus “Drop and Drive” Pitching Styles: Analysis of Major League Baseball Pitchers During a Single Season
Authors: Beaudry Mason F. , Beaudry Anna G. , Bradley James P. , Haynes David E. , Holland Glenn , Edwards Audrene , Baker Brent A. , Jacobson Bradley R. , Chetlin Robert D. 
Published: May 2023

Background: Previous research has documented the proportion of “tall and fall” (TF) and “drop and drive” (DD) pitching styles among Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers who underwent ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR). The proportion of these 2 styles among all MLB pitchers remains unknown. Purpose: To determine the proportion of the TF and DD pitching styles in all rostered MLB pitchers during a single season as well as the proportion of TF and DD pitchers who sustained an upper extremity (UE) injury and those who underwent UCLR. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Pitcher demographic characteristics from the 2019 MLB season and pitching information were obtained via open-access sources. Two-dimensional video analysis was used to categorize the included pitchers into TF and DD groups. Statistical comparisons and contrasts were made using 2-tailed t tests, chi-square tests, and Pearson correlation analyses as appropriate. Results: Of the 660 MLB rostered pitchers in 2019 (age, 27.39 ± 3.51 years; body mass index, 26.34 ± 2.47 kg/m2; fastball velocity, 150.49 ± 3.99 kph [93.51 ± 2.48 mph]), 412 (62.4%) pitchers used the TF style and 248 (37.6%) pitchers used the DD style. Significantly more UE injuries were seen in the TF group compared with the DD group (112 vs 38 injuries, respectively; P < .001). Twelve pitchers underwent UCLR (TF, 10; DD, 2), representing a 1.8% UCLR rate among all pitchers. This was a second surgery for 2 pitchers, both of whom used the TF pitching style. Significantly more pitchers in the TF group than the DD group had undergone UCLR before 2019 (135 vs 56 pitchers, respectively; P = .005). Conclusion: The results of the present study demonstrated a higher prevalence of both UE injury and prior UCLR in TF pitchers. Further research is needed to explore the potential association between pitching style and UE injury.
Prevalence and risk factors for postnatal mental health problems in mothers of infants admitted to neonatal care: analysis of two population-based surveys in England
Authors: Gong Jenny , Fellmeth Gracia , Quigley Maria A. , Gale Chris , Stein Alan , Alderdice Fiona , Harrison Siân 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Previous research suggests that mothers whose infants are admitted to neonatal units (NNU) experience higher rates of mental health problems compared to the general perinatal population. This study examined the prevalence and factors associated with postnatal depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress (PTS), and comorbidity of these mental health problems for mothers of infants admitted to NNU, six months after childbirth.

Methods
This was a secondary analysis of two cross-sectional, population-based National Maternity Surveys in England in 2018 and 2020. Postnatal depression, anxiety, and PTS were assessed using standardised measures. Associations between sociodemographic, pregnancy- and birth-related factors and postnatal depression, anxiety, PTS, and comorbidity of these mental health problems were explored using modified Poisson regression and multinomial logistic regression.

Results
Eight thousand five hundred thirty-nine women were included in the analysis, of whom 935 were mothers of infants admitted to NNU. Prevalence of postnatal mental health problems among mothers of infants admitted to NNU was 23.7% (95%CI: 20.6–27.2) for depression, 16.0% (95%CI: 13.4–19.0) for anxiety, 14.6% (95%CI: 12.2–17.5) for PTS, 8.2% (95%CI: 6.5–10.3) for two comorbid mental health problems, and 7.5% (95%CI: 5.7–10.0) for three comorbid mental health problems six months after giving birth. These rates were consistently higher compared to mothers whose infants were not admitted to NNU (19.3% (95%CI: 18.3–20.4) for depression, 14.0% (95%CI: 13.1–15.0) for anxiety, 10.3% (95%CI: 9.5–11.1) for PTS, 8.5% (95%CI: 7.8–9.3) for two comorbid mental health problems, and 4.2% (95%CI: 3.6–4.8) for three comorbid mental health problems six months after giving birth. Among mothers of infants admitted to NNU (N = 935), the strongest risk factors for mental health problems were having a long-term mental health problem and antenatal anxiety, while social support and satisfaction with birth were protective.

Conclusions
Prevalence of postnatal mental health problems was higher in mothers of infants admitted to NNU, compared to mothers of infants not admitted to NNU six months after giving birth. Experiencing previous mental health problems increased the risk of postnatal depression, anxiety, and PTS whereas social support and satisfaction with birth were protective. The findings highlight the importance of routine and repeated mental health assessments and ongoing support for mothers of infants admitted to NNU.
Mapping the abundance of endemic mosquito-borne diseases vectors in southern Quebec
Authors: Ludwig Antoinette , Rousseu François , Kotchi Serge Olivier , Allostry Julie , Fournier Richard A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundClimate change is increasing the dispersion of mosquitoes and the spread of viruses of which some mosquitoes are the main vectors. In Quebec, the surveillance and management of endemic mosquito-borne diseases, such as West Nile virus or Eastern equine encephalitis, could be improved by mapping the areas of risk supporting vector populations. However, there is currently no active tool tailored to Quebec that can predict mosquito population abundances, and we propose, with this work, to help fill this gap.MethodsFour species of mosquitos were studied in this project for the period from 2003 to 2016 for the southern part of the province of Quebec:Aedes vexans(VEX),Coquillettidia perturbans(CQP),Culex pipiens-restuansgroup (CPR) andOchlerotatus stimulansgroup (SMG) species. We used a negative binomial regression approach, including a spatial component, to model the abundances of each species or species group as a function of meteorological and land-cover variables. We tested several sets of variables combination, regional and local scale variables for landcover and different lag period for the day of capture for weather variables, to finally select one best model for each species.ResultsModels selected showed the importance of the spatial component, independently of the environmental variables, at the larger spatial scale. In these models, the most important land-cover predictors that favored CQP and VEX were ‘forest’, and ‘agriculture’ (for VEX only). Land-cover ‘urban’ had negative impact on SMG and CQP. The weather conditions on the trapping day and previous weather conditions summarized over 30 or 90 days were preferred over a shorter period of seven days, suggesting current and long-term previous weather conditions effects on mosquito abundance.ConclusionsThe strength of the spatial component highlights the difficulties in modelling the abundance of mosquito species and the model selection shows the importance of selecting the right environmental predictors, especially when choosing the temporal and spatial scale of these variables. Climate and landscape variables were important for each species or species group, suggesting it is possible to consider their use in predicting long-term spatial variationsin the abundance of mosquitoes potentially harmful to public health in southern Quebec.
Outcomes of U-shaped internal fixation in the treatment of avulsion fracture of calcaneal tubercle
Authors: Lou Weigang , Liu Min , Xu Ding , Li Ming , Chen Jianming 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficacy of U-shaped internal fixation for calcaneal tubercle fracture after nearly 3 years of case follow-up and data collection.

Method
We retrospectively analyzed the collected data from 16 patients with avulsion fracture of calcaneal tubercle between December 2018 and February 2021 at our institute. All patients were required to conform to regular follow up postoperatively. X-ray film was applied to all cases. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Association (AOFAS) score, Cedell score and the visual analog scale (VAS) were used to evaluate functional results.

Results
All patients achieved bone union. The preoperative AOFAS score was 26.34 ± 3.34, which was significantly different from 91.38 ± 6.15 half a year after operation (p = 0.003). The preoperative Cedell score was 31.05 ± 4.18 and the score half a year after operation was 92.17 ± 5.39(p = 0.011). The VAS score was 8.91 ± 1.51 before operation and decreased to 0.58 ± 1.31 half a year after operation (p = 0.014).

Conclusions
In the treatments of calcaneal tubercle fracture, U-shaped internal fixation is a new attempt. Through the short-term follow-up study, we found that its therapeutic effect is excellent, which is a recommended treatment in clinic.