bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Childhood and Midlife Neighborhood Socioeconomic Position With Cognitive Decline
Authors: Kucharska-Newton Anna M. , Pike James Russell , Chen Jinyu , Coresh Josef , Sharret A. Richey , Mosley Thomas , Palta Priya 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceEarly-life socioeconomic adversity may be associated with poor cognitive health over the life course.ObjectiveTo examine the association of childhood and midlife neighborhood socioeconomic position (nSEP) with cognitive decline.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included 5711 men and women enrolled in the community-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study with repeated cognitive data measured over a median 27.0 years (IQR, 26.0-27.9 years) (1990-2019). Statistical analysis was performed from December 2022 through March 2023.ExposureResidence addresses for ARIC Study cohort participants were obtained at midlife (1990-1993) and as recalled addresses at 10 years of age (childhood). A composite nSEP z score was created as a sum of z scores for US Census–based measures of median household income; median value of owner-occupied housing units; percentage of households receiving interest, dividend, or net rental income; percentage of adults with a high school degree; percentage of adults with a college degree; and percentage of adults in professional, managerial, or executive occupations. Childhood nSEP and midlife nSEP were modeled as continuous measures and discretized into tertiles.Main Outcomes and MeasuresA factor score for global cognition was derived from a battery of cognitive tests administered at 5 in-person visits from baseline to 2019. The rate of cognitive decline from 50 to 90 years of age was calculated by fitting mixed-effects linear regression models with age as the time scale and adjusted for race, sex, birth decade, educational level, and presence of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele.ResultsAmong 5711 ARIC Study participants (mean [SD] baseline age, 55.1 [4.7] years; 3372 women [59.0%]; and 1313 Black participants [23.0%]), the median rate of cognitive decline was −0.33 SDs (IQR, −0.49 to −0.20 SDs) per decade. In adjusted analyses, each 1-SD-higher childhood nSEP score was associated with a slower (β, −9.2%; 95% CI, −12.1% to −6.4%) rate of cognitive decline relative to the sample median. A comparable association was observed when comparing the highest tertile with the lowest tertile of childhood nSEP (β, −17.7%; 95% CI, −24.1% to −11.3%). Midlife nSEP was not associated with the rate of cognitive decline.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of contextual factors associated with cognitive decline, childhood nSEP was inversely associated with trajectories of cognitive function throughout adulthood.
Cellulose and Chitin Twisted Structures: From Nature to Applications
Authors: da Rosa Rafaela R. , Fernandes Susete N. , Mitov Michel , Godinho Maria Helena 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTwisted structures are ubiquitous in plants and animals. Cellulose and chitin are natural polymers that form the structural skeleton of various twisted systems observed across different length scales, ranging from the molecular to the nano, micro, and macro scale. In addition, cellulose and chitin helicoidal structures are found to be responsible for structural coloration, enhanced mechanical properties, and motion. This review first addresses cellulose and chitin‐based chiral molecular systems and nanoscale helicoidal arrangements. Attention is given to cellulose nanocrystals, water interactions, out‐of‐equilibrium structural colorful structures formed by cellulose derivatives, and chitin's optical and mechanical properties. The discussion progresses to the micro and millimeter scales, where specific examples are presented to showcase specialized helical cellulose‐based organizations. The chosen examples illustrate the formation of different helicities, adaptative shapes, and movements at varying length scales, such as in vascular leaf petioles at the micro‐scale and millimeter‐scale in tendrils and awns of Erodium fruits. So far, the results indicate that significant work should be done on out‐of‐equilibrium systems. In addition, much must be learned from nature to produce novel twisted functional materials. This work aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the state‐of‐the‐art study of twisted cellulose and chitin‐based structures and their potential applications.
An Interfacial Material with Low Trap Density Enables Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Cells for Multi‐Scene Applications
Authors: Yu Yue , Cui Yong , Zhang Tao , Chen Zhihao , Xiao Yang , Wang Wenxuan , Yang Yi , Yang Ni , Hou Jianhui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOrganic photovoltaic (OPV) cells have great potential in multi‐scene applications because of their easily tunable optical absorption properties. However, the lagging development of the interlayer material limits the practicality of OPV cells. Herein, a naphthalene diimide‐based polymer cathode interlayer named PNDI‐Br is reported. The suitable energy level and improved light utilization enable the PNDI‐Br‐based cells to achieve a high power conversion efficiency of 18.7% under the illumination of AM 1.5G, representing the highest efficiency of inverted OPV cells. Under continuous illumination, PNDI‐Br‐based OPV cells can maintain an efficiency of over 80% after 1000 h, which reveals excellent stability of the cells. Furthermore, the decreased trap density and charge accumulation of PNDI‐Br‐based OPV cells results in limited charge recombination, which enables the cells to obtain a high fill factor and a low voltage loss in multi‐lighting conditions. This work provides a stimulus for multi‐scene applications of OPV cells.
Hybrid Crosslinked Solid Polymer Electrolyte via In‐Situ Solidification Enables High‐Performance Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Mu Kexin , Wang Dai , Dong Weiliang , Liu Qiang , Song Zhennuo , Xu Weijian , Yao Pingping , Chen Yin'an , Yang Bo , Li Cuihua , Tian Lei , Zhu Caizhen , Xu Jian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSolid‐state lithium‐metal batteries constructed by in‐situ solidification of cyclic ether are considered to be a critical strategy for the next generation of solid‐state batteries with high energy density and safety. However, the poor thermal/electrochemical stability of linear polyethers and severe interfacial reactions limit its further development. Herein, in‐situ ring‐opening hybrid crosslinked polymerization is proposed for organic/inorganic hybrid polymer electrolyte (HCPE) with superior ionic conductivity of 2.22 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 30 °C, ultrahigh Li+ transference number of 0.88, and wide electrochemical stability window of 5.2 V. These allow highly stable lithium stripping/plating cycling for over 1000 h at 1 mA cm−2, which also reveal a well‐defined interfacial stabilization mechanism. Thus, HCPE endows assembled solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries with excellent long‐cycle performance over 600 cycles at 2 C (25 °C) and superior capacity retention of 92.1%. More importantly, the proposed noncombustible HCPE opens up a new frontier to promote the practical application of high safety and high energy density solid‐state batteries via in‐situ solidification.
Vapor‐Phase Infiltrated Organic–Inorganic Positive‐Tone Hybrid Photoresist for Extreme UV Lithography
Authors: Subramanian Ashwanth , Tiwale Nikhil , Lee Won‐Il , Kisslinger Kim , Lu Ming , Stein Aaron , Kim Jiyoung , Nam Chang‐Yong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractContinuing extreme downscaling of semiconductor devices, essential for high performance and energy efficiency of future microelectronics, hinges on extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) and addressing associated challenges. One of such challenges is a need for improved EUV photoresists featuring simultaneously high sensitivity, resolution, and etch selectivity. Here, a new, positive‐tone, organic–inorganic hybrid EUV photoresist is demonstrated that delivers a high‐resolution EUVL and electron‐beam lithography (EBL) patterning capability combined with high sensitivity and etch resistance. The new resist, poly(methyl methacrylate) infiltrated with indium oxide (PMMA‐InOx), is synthesized via vapor‐phase infiltration (VPI), a material hybridization technique derived from atomic layer deposition. The weak binding of the gaseous indium precursor, trimethylindium, to the carbonyl group in PMMA allows the synthesis of hybrids with inorganic content distributed uniformly in the resist, enabling high EUVL and EBL sensitivities (18 mJ cm−2 and 300 µC cm−2, respectively) and high‐resolution positive‐tone EUVL patterning (e.g., 40 nm half‐pitch line‐space and 50 nm diameter contact hole patterns) with high Si etch selectivity (>30–40). The low exposure doses required to pattern the PMMA‐InOx hybrid resist, high etch resistance, and processing strategies, which are developed, can pave the way for using infiltration‐synthesized hybrid thin films as reliable positive‐tone EUV photoresists for future semiconductor patterning.
Nonlinear Metal–Organic Framework Crystals for Efficient Multicolor Coherent Optical Emission
Authors: Zhestkij Nikolaj A. , Efimova Anastasiia S. , Kenzhebayeva Yuliya , Dmitriev Maksim V. , Novikov Alexander S. , Yushina Irina D. , Krylov Alexander , Timofeeva Maria V. , Kulakova Alena N. , Glebova Nadezhda V. , Krasilin Andrei A. , Shipilovskih Sergey A. , Milichko Valentin A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNon‐centrosymmetric metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently emerged as a promising class of coordination polymers for nonlinear optics and light conversion. Nevertheless, achieving high endurance and efficiency for the light conversion within the whole visible range by a single crystal of MOF remains a challenge. This article reports on the design of two non‐centrosymmetric MOFs based on a 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid ligand and Er/Co ions, providing an efficient and simultaneous multiple second and third optical harmonic generations (SHG, THG) from 400 to 750 nm with a high endurance (over 100 cycles or 3 h of continuous operation). Optical experiments and quantum chemical modeling of the MOF single crystals confirm the polarization and chemistry‐dependent efficiency of SHG and THG, associated with the varied MOFs' symmetry and dipole moment. The observed coherent light conversion within the whole visible range by MOF single crystals at ambient conditions makes it possible to achieve the multicolor (up to three) coherent emission required for modern laser technologies, making MOFs highly competitive and sustainable materials for nonlinear optics.
A New Integrated GDL with Wavy Channel and Tunneled Rib for High Power Density PEMFC at Low Back Pressure and Wide Humidity
Authors: He Can , Wen Qinglin , Ning Fandi , Shen Min , He Lei , Li Yali , Tian Bin , Pan Saifei , Dan Xiong , Li Wei , Xu Pengpeng , Liu Yiyang , Chai Zhi , Zhang Yihuang , Liu Wenming , Zhou Xiaochun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractProton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have garnered significant attention due to their high efficiency and low emissions. However, PEMFC always suffers mass transfer and water management in performance improvement. Herein, an integrated gas diffusion layer (GDL) with wavy channel and micro‐tunneled rib is designed and prepared to achieve faster and gentler mass transfer and excellent water management capability by laser engraving. Outstandingly, the new integrated GDL can use the back pressure of air as low as 0 and 50 kPa to respectively achieve 80% and 90% of fuel cell performance realized under pure oxygen. Such high performance is mainly due to the turbulent flow caused by wavy channel and express removing pathway of liquid water provided by micro‐tunneled rib. Moreover, the new integrated GDL also shows wide humidity tolerance from 40% to 100% and a very high specific volume power density of 16,300 W L−1 due to the thin thickness of new integrated GDL. This new integrated GDL is expected to be widely used in PEMFC and other energy conversion devices.
Medical Gas Plasma Technology Combines with Antimelanoma Therapies and Promotes Immune‐Checkpoint Therapy Responses
Authors: Miebach Lea , Melo‐Zainzinger Gabriella , Freund Eric , Clemen Ramona , Cecchini Alessandra Lourenco , Bekeschus Sander 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStrategies to improve activity and selectivity are major goals in oncological drug development. Medical gas plasma therapy has been subject to intense research in dermatooncology recently. Based on partial gas ionization, this approach is exceptional in generating a variety of reactive oxygen species simultaneously that can be applied locally at the tumor side. It is hypothesized that combined gas plasma treatment can potentiate drug responses in the treatment of melanoma. Using a plasma jet approved as medical device in Europe, a systematic screening of 46 mitochondria‐targeted drugs identifies five agents synergizing in vitro and in vivo. Increased intratumoral leucocyte infiltration points to immunomodulatory aspects of the treatment, motivating to investigate responses to immune checkpoint blockade in combination with plasma. Tumor growth is monitored based on bioluminescent imaging, and single‐cell suspensions are retrieved from each tumor to characterize tumor‐infiltrating leucocytes using multicolor flow cytometry. Gene expression profiling is done using a validated NanoString panel targeting 770 genes specifically designed for immuno‐oncological research. Cell type abundancies are characterized from bulk RNA samples using the CIBERSORT computational framework. Collectively, the results indicate that local application of medical gas plasma technology synergizes with mitochondria‐targeted drugs and anti‐PD1 checkpoint therapy in treating melanoma.
Sulfur‐Containing Foldamer‐Based Artificial Lithium Channels
Authors: Shen Jie , R Deepa , Li Zhongyan , Oh Hyeonji , Behera Harekrushna , Joshi Himanshu , Kumar Manish , Aksimentiev Aleksei , Zeng Huaqiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnlike many other biologically relevant ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl−, etc) and protons, whose cellular concentrations are closely regulated by highly selective channel proteins, Li+ ion is unusual in that its concentration is well tolerated over many orders of magnitude and that no lithium‐specific channel proteins have so far been identified. While one naturally evolved primary pathway for Li+ ions to traverse across the cell membrane is through sodium channels by competing with Na+ ions, highly sought‐after artificial lithium‐transporting channels remain a major challenge to develop. Here we show that sulfur‐containing organic nanotubes derived from intramolecularly H‐bonded helically folded aromatic foldamers of 3.6 Å in hollow cavity diameter could facilitate highly selective and efficient transmembrane transport of Li+ ions, with high transport selectivity factors of 15.3 and 19.9 over Na+ and K+ ions, respectively.
High Throughput Multidimensional Kinetic Screening in Continuous Flow Reactors
Authors: Zhang Bo , Mathoor Ansila , Junkers Tanja 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn automated high throughput multidimensional reaction screening platform based on an inline Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy is presented. By combining flow chemistry, machine automation and inline analysis, the platform is able to screen reactions in multidimensions (residence time, monomer concentration, degree of polymerization, reaction temperature and monomer conversion) rapidly and efficiently way. Kinetic data libraries associated with high data precision (absolute error <4 %), high reproducibility and high data density are built with ease from the platform. To test the method, we screened the reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of methyl acrylate in unmatched detail, and the ring opening metathesis polymerization of methyl‐5‐norbornene‐2‐carboxylate. The method we introduce is a key step in providing “big data” for data driven research in the future, and already at present allows for precise prediction of reaction outcomes within the high‐dimensional chemical parameter space that is screened.
Augmented reality and education in electronics: Relationship between usability, academic performance, and emotions experienced in learning
Authors: Álvarez‐Marín Alejandro , Paredes‐Velasco Maximiliano , Velázquez‐Iturbide J. Ángel , Poblete‐Castro Julio C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStudents often find difficult to understand the concepts and working details of electricity because its mechanisms of operation are invisible. The visualization of electricity through an augmented reality (AR) app could assist students in understanding these concepts more intuitively and in improving their academic achievement. Due to the lack of studies on AR apps for electricity education, this study aimed to investigate the effects of an interactive AR app designed for teaching electrical circuits on students. The study investigates its impact on students' academic performance, explores its influence on their emotions, and examines the relationship between the perceived usability of the app and the student's learning outcomes and emotional experiences. The study was conducted in an electromagnetism laboratory with the participation of 28 engineering students. The findings revealed that the students who used the augmented reality application presented a better academic performance than those who participated in the traditional laboratory. Except for the students in the experimental group feeling less shame, there were no discernible variations between the students' feelings in the two groups. Anxiety increases in both groups. The AR application proved to have usability rated as good, but it was not evident that it correlated with academic performance, or the emotions students experienced. Only one relationship was determined between the perceived consistency of the system and hopelessness.
Quantifying mortality burden in patients with cancer due to COVID‐19 in the US: A national cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Jambunathan Bhaghyasree , Lang Jacob , Mays Malik , Ekwenna Obi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionThere is limited information on the impact of certain social factors on mortality outcomes in patients with cancer and COVID‐19 on a national scale. This study aims to characterize excess mortality and analyze a subset of sociodemographic trends in COVID‐19 and cancer mortality.MethodsPatients with cancer listed on their death certificates from 2018 to 2021 and patients with COVID‐19 and cancer listed on multiple cause of death certificates from the CDC Wide‐Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database from March 2020 to December 2021 were included. Age‐adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 1,000,000 population were compared across race/ethnicity groups, sex, and census regions. Crude mortality rates were compared across different age groups and regions based on urbanization status.ResultsAverage AAMR in patients with COVID‐19 and cancer was 41.7 in 2020 and 56.7 in 2021.ConclusionsMortality rates in patients with cancer and COVID‐19 were significantly higher in certain populations. Targeted interventions are necessary to improve outcomes.
Risk perception and adoption of digital innovation in mobile stock trading
Authors: Gupta Sunil , Dey Dipanjan Kumar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn increase in retail investors, trading platforms, and smartphones is facilitating digital transformation in stock trading. Investments in mobile‐centered digitalization by trading firms are rapidly becoming a source of competitive advantage. Distinctive psychological aspects involving risks, make stock trading a unique individual decision‐making behavior. The objective of the present research is to examine the determinants of retail investors' behavioral intentions (BI) for mobile stock trading (MoST). Across two studies using a mixed method approach we empirically test a framework comprising cognitive risk‐mitigation factors, perceived risk (PR), perceived financial cost (PFC), and technology acceptance model (TAM) constructs. The results indicate information quality, privacy, and security protection to mitigate the risk perception involved in trading on mobile platforms. Further, we report the mediation of PR in the relationship between the cognitive risk‐mitigating factors and BIs to adopt MoST. Moreover, we find PFC to moderate PR and the TAM constructs' relationship with BIs to adopt MoST. Our research has important theoretical contributions and managerial implications to understand digital adoption behavior by retail investors for MoST platforms.
Chemistry and Bioactivity of the Genus Persea ‐ A Review
Authors: Totini Carlos H. , Umehara Eric , Reis Isabella M. A. , Lago João Henrique G. , Branco Alexsandro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis review provides the first comprehensive appraisal of bioactive compounds and their biological activities in Persea species from 1950 to 2023. Relevant articles from reputable databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and Google Scholar were collected, leading to the isolation of about 141 metabolite compounds, mainly flavonoids, terpenoids, fatty alcohols, lignoids, and γ‐lactone derivatives. These compounds exhibit diverse biological activities, including insecticidal, antifeedant, nematicidal, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, cytotoxic, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The review emphasizes the significant chemical and pharmacological potential of different Persea species, encouraging further research in various fields and medicine. Valuable insights into potential applications of Persea plants are provided.
An Overview of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion on Stainless Steel
Authors: Rao Padmalatha , Mulky Lavanya 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDue to its excellent resistance to corrosion, stainless steel has a broad employment scope in oilfields. It is defenceless against microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). Here, organisms directly cause corrosion. Microorganisms release disruptive metabolites or organisms collect electrons from the metal for breathing to produce energy. They are responsible for the onset or escalation of corrosion caused by previously existing detrimental specialists such as water and carbon dioxide. However, only a few reports on their real success against MIC have been published. Numerous studies on stainless steel, in the presence of microorganisms, are discussed. An analysis of microbiological contamination is also detailed. It focuses on the general perspectives of the various microscopic species involved in biocorrosion. A review on this topic is necessary to understand the various factors considered to select a certain material for a specific purpose. This article combines the various grades of steel, their applications, their studies, and results all in one view making it easier for the reader to understand the importance of microbially influenced corrosion.