bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating a virtual reality sensory room for adults with disabilities
Authors: Mills Caroline J. , Tracey Danielle , Kiddle Ryan , Gorkin Robert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSensory processing difficulties can negatively impact wellbeing in adults with disabilities. A range of interventions to address sensory difficulties have been explored and virtual reality (VR) technology may offer a promising avenue for the provision of sensory interventions. In this study, preliminary evidence about the impact of Evenness, an immersive VR sensory room experience, for people with disabilities was investigated via a single intervention pre-post mixed methods design. Quantitative methodology included single intervention pre-post design (five month timeframe) with 31 adults with various developmental disabilities to determine the impact of use of aVR sensory room using a head mounted display (HMD) in relation to anxiety, depression, sensory processing, personal wellbeing and adaptive behaviour. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were also conducted with thirteen purposefully selected stakeholders following Evenness use. Results indicated significant improvements in anxiety, depression and sensory processing following Evenness use. Qualitative analysis corroborated the anxiety findings. No significant changes were observed in personal wellbeing or adaptive behaviour. Results are promising and indicate that a VR sensory room may have a positive impact on anxiety, depression and sensory processing for adults with disabilities. A longer study timeframe and a more rigorous experimental methodology is needed to confirm these findings.
Towing icebergs to arid regions to reduce water scarcity
Authors: Condron Alan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExpanding agriculture, rising global population, and shifts in climate are placing increasing demands on existing water resources, especially in regions currently experiencing extreme drought. Finding new and reliable water sources is an urgent challenge. A long-held idea is that icebergs could be towed to arid coastal regions and harvested to help alleviate water stress. Here, a numerical model is used to simulate the deterioration of icebergs towed to Cape Town, South Africa and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Moved at a speed of 0.5 m/s, an iceberg able to reach Cape Town must be at least ~ 300 m long and ~ 200 m thick at its time of capture. An iceberg this size would only require ~ 1 to 2 vessels to move and would deliver ~ 2.4 million liters of water. Placing an insulating material around the same iceberg to inhibit wave-induced erosion results in 4.5 billion liters of deliverable water. To reach the UAE, an unprotected iceberg needs to be at least ~ 2000 m long and 600 m thick, or 1250 m long and 600 m thick if insulated from wave-induced erosion. Icebergs of these dimensions would require ~ 10 to 20 vessels to move. Results are discussed in terms of the size and number of icebergs needed to help alleviate drought. In theory, small icebergs can easily be moved to South Africa; the challenge is likely to be harvesting the water as icebergs left offshore in a subtropical environment melt after a few days to weeks.
Classification and diagnostic prediction of breast cancer metastasis on clinical data using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Botlagunta Mahendran , Botlagunta Madhavi Devi , Myneni Madhu Bala , Lakshmi D. , Nayyar Anand , Gullapalli Jaithra Sai , Shah Mohd Asif 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMetastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) is one of the primary causes of cancer-related deaths in women. Despite several limitations, histopathological information about the malignancy is used for the classification of cancer. The objective of our study is to develop a non-invasive breast cancer classification system for the diagnosis of cancer metastases. The anaconda—Jupyter notebook is used to develop various python programming modules for text mining, data processing, and Machine Learning (ML) methods. Utilizing classification model cross-validation criteria, including accuracy, AUC, and ROC, the prediction performance of the ML models is assessed. Welch Unpaired t-test was used to ascertain the statistical significance of the datasets. Text mining framework from the Electronic Medical Records (EMR) made it easier to separate the blood profile data and identify MBC patients. Monocytes revealed a noticeable mean difference between MBC patients as compared to healthy individuals. The accuracy of ML models was dramatically improved by removing outliers from the blood profile data. A Decision Tree (DT) classifier displayed an accuracy of 83% with an AUC of 0.87. Next, we deployed DT classifiers using Flask to create a web application for robust diagnosis of MBC patients. Taken together, we conclude that ML models based on blood profile data may assist physicians in selecting intensive-care MBC patients to enhance the overall survival outcome.
Optimum processing conditions for the maximum crystallization rate of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)
Authors: Janchai Khunanya , Kida Takumitsu , Yamaguchi Masayuki , Sunagawa Takenobu , Okura Tetsuo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe effect of thermal and shear histories on the crystallization rate of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) was studied. As with other crystalline polymers, the shear history greatly affected the crystallization rate when the shear rate was beyond a critical value, i.e., the inverse of the Rouse relaxation time. Even after the formation of extended chain crystals, spherulite texture was clearly discernable. It grew from certain points on the extended chain crystals. Consequently, a row of spherulites appeared along the flow direction. The resin temperature in the molten state was also significant. When the sample was heated to 170 °C, which is beyond the main melting peak in the differential scanning calorimetry curve, unmolten crystals did not affect the linear viscoelastic properties. They acted as effective nucleating agents for the rest of the polymer during cooling. Therefore, the shear history hardly affected the crystallization rate and the number of spherulites.
The Pausing Strategies in Chinese Preschool Children's Narratives
Authors: Liu Jiehan , Yu Fan , Feng Chen , Li Su 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
Language production, a dynamic process involving real-time language processing, is crucial for children's language and communication development. To explore the early development of children's real-time language production, this study investigated Chinese preschool children's pausing strategies in narratives and their associations with verbal working memory and vocabulary abilities.

Method:

A picture-elicited narrative task was employed. Sixty Mandarin-speaking children aged 4–5 years were asked to tell a story according to the book
Frog, Where Are You?
The pausing types and positions in narratives were coded and analyzed. Additionally, children's verbal working memory and vocabulary were measured.

Results:
The results showed that 4- to 5-year-old children prefer to use silent pauses and tend to produce pauses within clauses. The total frequency of pausing decreases with age and shows a significant gender difference. Girls prefer to use within-clause pauses, whereas boys prefer to use between-clause pauses. More importantly, children's pausing frequency is closely associated with their verbal working memory and vocabulary, in which working memory plays a more important role.

Conclusions:
This study is a first-step exploration of pausing strategies in 4- to 5-year-old Chinese children's narratives. The developmental characteristics of pausing strategies shown in typically developing children serve as a crucial reference for interventions for children with language deficits.
Unbound stars hold the key to young star cluster history
Authors: Arunima Arunima , Pfalzner Susanne , Govind Amith 
Published: January 2023

Aims.Gaia delivers the positions and velocities of stars at an unprecedented precision. Therefore, for star clusters, there exists much higher confidence in whether a specific star is a member of a particular cluster or not. However, membership determination is still especially challenging for young star clusters. At ages 2−10 Myr, the gas is expelled, ending the star formation process and leading to their expansion, while at the same time, many former members become unbound. As a first step, we aim to assess the accuracy of the methods commonly used to distinguish between bound and unbound cluster members; after identifying the most suitable technique for this task, we wish to understand which of the two populations is more suited to provide insights into the initial configuration and the dynamical history of a cluster starting from its currently observed properties.
Methods. Here, we perform N-body simulations of the dynamics of such young star clusters. We investigate how cluster dynamics and observational limitations affect the recovered information about the cluster from a theoretical perspective.
Results. We find that the much-used method of distance and velocity cutoffs for membership determination often leads to false negatives and positives alike. Often observational studies focus on the stars remaining bound. However, bound stars quickly lose the memory of the pre-gas expulsion phase due to their ongoing interaction with their fellow cluster members. Our study shows that it is the unbound stars that hold the key to charting a cluster’s dynamic history. Backtracking unbound stars can provide the original cluster size and determine the time of gas expulsion – two parameters that are currently still poorly constrained. This information is lost in the bound population. In addition, former members are often better indicators for disc lifetimes or initial binary fractions. We apply the backtracking analysis, with varying success, to the clusters: Upper Scorpius and NGC 6530. For highly substructured clusters such as Upper Scorpius, backtracking to the individual subcluster centres will provide better results in future.
Urease and Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory Effect of Xanthones from Aspergillus nidulans, an Endophytic Fungus of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
Authors: Sana Talea , Khan Majid , Jabeen Almas , Shams Sidrah , Hadda Taibi Ben , Begum Sabira , Siddiqui Bina Shaheen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUrease plays a major role in the pathogenesis of peptic and gastric ulcer and also causes acute pyelonephritis and development of infection-induced reactive arthritis. Carbonic anhydrases
(CA) cause pathological disorders such as epilepsy (CA I), glaucoma, gastritis, renal, pancreatic carcinomas, and malignant brain tumors (CA II). Although various synthetic urease and
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are known, these have many side effects. Hence, present studies were undertaken on ethyl acetate extract of Aspergillus nidulans, an endophytic fungus
separated from the leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. and led to the isolation of five furanoxanthones, sterigmatin (1), sterigmatocystin (3),
dihydrosterigmatocystin (4), oxisterigmatocystin C (5), acyl-hemiacetal sterigmatocystin (6), and a pyranoxanthone (2). Acetylation of 3 gave compound
O-acetyl sterigmatocystin (7). Their chemical structures were elucidated by 1H and 13C NMR and MS. The inhibitory effect of isolated compounds was
evaluated on urease and carbonic anhydrase (bCA II) enzymes in vitro. Compounds 3 and 6 showed significant urease inhibition (IC50 19 and 21 µM), while
other compounds exhibited varying degrees of urease inhibition (IC50 33 – 51 µM). Compounds 4, 6 and 7 exhibited significant inhibition of bCA II
(IC50 values 21, 25 and 18 µM respectively), compounds 1–3 displayed moderate inhibition (IC50 61, 76 and 31 µM respectively) while 5 showed no
inhibition. A mechanistic study of the most active urease inhibitors was also performed using enzyme kinetics and molecular docking. All compounds were found non-toxic on the NIH-3T3 cell
line.
Synthesis and Properties of Methylene-Bridged [6]Cyclo-2,6-naphthylene
Authors: Kai Nobushige , Kono Hideya , Yagi Akiko , Itami Kenichiro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA novel structurally constrained nanobelt, methylene-bridged [6]cyclo-2,6-naphthylene ([6]MCN), has been synthesized by the nickel-mediated intramolecular aryl–aryl coupling of a triflated prism[6]arene. The structural and electronic properties of [6]MCN were revealed through NMR studies and photophysical measurements. In contrast to methylene-bridged [6]cycloparaphenylene, our previously synthesized benzene-based analogue, [6]MCN has a low strain energy (77.4 kcal·mol–1) and displays bright fluorescence (Φ = 0.20).
Divergent Functionalization of Alkynes Enabled by Organic Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Nicewicz David A. , Zhu Zhengbo , Qian Siran 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDirect functionalization of alkynes under oxidative conditions is challenging, as alkynes are usually recalcitrant towards typical oxidants. Herein, we communicate a strategy for the divergent functionalization of alkynes with photoexcited acridinium organic dyes, presumably via the formation of vinyl cation radicals as key intermediates. Based on the nature of the nucleophiles, different types of difunctionalized products were obtained in moderate to good yields. Addition of lithium Lewis acids resulted in a surprising reversal of diastereocontrol.
Nanomaterial Characterisation of Diluted Platina and Alcohol Control Samples
Authors: Rajendran E.S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground The healing effects of homeopathic ultra-high potencies (UHPs) have always been a puzzle for material science, though recent research papers have now characterised the nanomaterial nature of several such UHPs. This study aimed to analyse the material content of clinically used potencies of the homeopathic medicine Platina (platinum) compared with alcohol control samples.Methods Potencies of Platina were analysed under dynamic light scattering (DLS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) to identify the nanomaterial content. As control samples, both unsuccussed and potencies of alcohol were analysed by using DLS and HRTEM.Results Platina 30c to CM: Nanoparticles were identified under DLS (mean particle size varying from 1.3 nm in 30c to 6.5 nm in CM) and HRTEM (particle size varying from 3.31 to 12.7 nm in 30c to 1.94 to 8.54 nm in CM). EDS confirmed the presence of platinum in all the samples of Platina. SAED analysis of Platina 30c, 200c, 1M and 10M confirmed also the presence of platinum dioxide (PtO2). For control samples, DLS and the HRTEM analyses of pharmaceutical grade unsuccussed alcohol and potentized Alcohol (6c, 12c and 30c) did not show any particles.Conclusion Homeopathic potentization generated NPs of platinum in ultra-dilutions. NPs in potencies of Platina showed platinum in EDS and PtO2 in SAED. Importantly, control samples of alcohol did not show the presence of particles under DLS or HRTEM.
BAY 81-8973 Efficacy and Safety in Previously Untreated and Minimally Treated Children with Severe Hemophilia A: The LEOPOLD Kids Trial
Authors: Ljung Rolf , Chan Anthony K. C. , Glosli Heidi , Afonja Olubunmi , Becker Bastian , Tseneklidou-Stoeter Despina , Mancuso Maria Elisa , Saulyte-Trakymiene Sonata , Kenet Gili 
Published: January 2023

Introduction BAY 81–8973, a full-length recombinant factor VIII for hemophilia A treatment, has been extensively evaluated in previously treated patients in the LEOPOLD (Long-Term Efficacy Open-Label Program in Severe Hemophilia A Disease) clinical trials.
Aim To assess BAY 81–8973 efficacy and safety when used for bleed prophylaxis and treatment in previously untreated/minimally treated patients (PUPs/MTPs).
Methods In this phase III, multicenter, open-label, uncontrolled study, PUPs/MTPs (<6 years old) with severe hemophilia A received BAY 81–8973 (15–50 IU/kg) at least once weekly as prophylaxis. Primary efficacy endpoint was the annualized bleeding rate (ABR) within 48 hours after prophylaxis infusion. Adverse events and immunogenicity were assessed. Patients who developed inhibitors were offered immune tolerance induction (ITI) treatment in an optional extension phase.
Results Fifty-two patients were enrolled, with 43 patients (mean age: 13.6 months) treated. Median (interquartile range) ABR for all bleeds within 48 hours of prophylaxis infusion was 0.0 (0.0–1.8) among patients without inhibitors (n = 20) and 0.0 (0.0–2.2) among all patients. As expected, inhibitors were the most frequent treatment-related adverse event (high titer: 17 [39.5%] patients; low titer: 6 [13.9%] patients). Six of 12 patients who underwent ITI treatment in the extension phase (high titer [n = 5], low titer [n = 1]) achieved a negative inhibitor titer.
Conclusion BAY 81–8973 was effective for bleed prevention and treatment in PUPs/MTPs. The observed inhibitor rate was strongly influenced by a cluster of inhibitor cases, and consequently, slightly higher than in other PUP/MTP studies. Overall, the BAY 81–8973 benefit–risk profile remains unchanged and supported by ongoing safety surveillance. Immune tolerance can be achieved with BAY 81–8973.
The Saudi Consensus for the Management of Cancer-Associated Thromboembolism: A Modified Delphi-Based Study
Authors: Alsheef Mohammed , Bazarbashi Shouki , Warsi Ashraf , Alfraih Feras , Almoomen Abdualkreem , Osman Ahmed , Owaidah Tarek 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background Cancer is a well-known risk factor of preventable thromboembolic disease. This study aims to provide guidance on the prevention and management of cancer-associated thrombosis (CT) that tailors prophylactic and therapeutic options for medical and surgical oncology patients presenting to health care settings in Saudi Arabia.
Methods The present consensus was developed in concordance with the modified Delphi-based approach, which incorporates a face-to-face meeting between two voting rounds to gain experts' feedback on the proposed statements. All experts were either oncologists, hematologists, or hemato-oncologist with an active clinical and research profile in hemato-oncology.
Results The experts highlighted that the comparatively high incidence of inherited thrombophilia among the Saudi population may account for a higher CT burden in the Kingdom than in other parts of the world. However, due to the lack of literature that assesses CT in Saudi Arabia, primary venous thromboembolism prophylaxis should be tailored according to a valid risk assessment of cancer patients and should be implemented in routine practice. For hospitalized medical oncology patients, the experts agreed that prophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) should be offered, regardless of the presence of acute illness. For ambulatory medical oncology patients, LMWH or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) prophylaxis should be offered for high-risk patients. Concerning surgical patients, they agreed that all oncology patients undergoing surgery should be offered thromboprophylaxis. In terms of secondary prophylaxis, the experts recommended continuing a prophylactic dose of anticoagulant (LMWH or DOAC), for an appropriate period depending on the cancer type and stage. Finally, they also provided a set of statements on management of CT in Saudi Arabia.
Conclusion The present modified Delphi-based study combined the best available evidence and clinical experience with the current health care policies and settings in Saudi Arabia to build a consensus statement on the epidemiology, prevention, and management of CT.
Feasibility of seismic wave communication using electromagnetic vibrator under strong environmental noise interference: Field experimental research
Authors: Wang Kaikai , Jiang Tao , Li Shuang , Wang Xin , Hu Qiuyue , Qin Kai 
Published: January 2023

Although various wired or wireless communication facilities play a significant role in underground mine production monitoring and disaster warning, some communication nodes will be damaged when an accident occurs, resulting in unreliable emergency communications. Due to the excellent transmission characteristics of seismic waves in the earth channel, there is no need for the seismic wave communication system to set up relay nodes. Since seismic waves are not easily disturbed by the external environment, they can be used as a new type of emergency communication carrier to realize information transmission. However, under strong background noise interference in a real environment, the feasibility of seismic wave communication using an electromagnetic vibrator is not yet known. Therefore, a field experiment research on electromagnetic vibrator seismic wave communication was conducted. First, the model of electromagnetic vibrator seismic wave communication was established. In addition, the on–off keying modulation method, the cross-correlation segment threshold demodulation method, and the noise suppression method based on the time–frequency characteristics of the carrier were introduced. Finally, an electromagnetic vibrator seismic wave communication system was built, and binary data communication up to 72 m without deploying additional relay nodes was achieved successfully. The experimental results illustrate the feasibility of the electromagnetic vibrator seismic wave communication under strong background noise interference in a real environment. Furthermore, combined with the characteristics of the seismic wave, the time–frequency slice filtering can significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic wave and can further increase the communication distance with respect to the traditional methods.
Photofragment imaging differentiates between one- and two-photon dissociation pathways in MgI+
Authors: Lockwood Schuyler P. , Metz Ricardo B. 
Published: January 2023

The bond strength and photodissociation dynamics of MgI+ are determined by a combination of theory, photodissociation spectroscopy, and photofragment velocity map imaging. From 17 000 to 21 500 cm−1, the photodissociation spectrum of MgI+ is broad and unstructured; photofragment images in this region show perpendicular anisotropy, which is consistent with absorption to the repulsive wall of the (1) Ω = 1 or (2) Ω = 1 states followed by direct dissociation to ground state products Mg+ (2S) + I (2P3/2). Analysis of photofragment images taken at photon energies near the threshold gives a bond dissociation energy D0(Mg+-I) = 203.0 ± 1.8 kJ/mol (2.10 ± 0.02 eV; 17 000 ± 150 cm−1). At photon energies of 33 000–41 000 cm−1, exclusively I+ fragments are formed. Over most of this region, the formation of I+ is not energetically allowed via one-photon absorption from the ground state of MgI+. Images show the observed product is due to resonance enhanced two-photon dissociation. The photodissociation spectrum from 33 000 to 38 500 cm−1 shows vibrational structure, giving an average excited state vibrational spacing of 227 cm−1. This is consistent with absorption to the (3) Ω = 0+ state from ν = 0, 1 of the (1) Ω = 0+ ground state; from the (3) Ω = 0+ state, absorption of a second photon results in dissociation to Mg* (3P°J) + I+ (3PJ). From 38 500 to 41 000 cm−1, the spectrum is broad and unstructured. We attribute this region of the spectrum to one-photon dissociation of vibrationally hot MgI+ at low energy and ground state MgI+ at higher energy to form Mg (1S) + I+ (3PJ) products.