bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) as a Prognostic Marker in COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Salkar Akanksha Amit 
Published: April 2023

Objectives:
To determine the efficacy of Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a marker of the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. The neutrophilto-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in peripheral blood has been studied as a systemic inflammatory marker and various studies have shown that it is a valid prognostic factor in various solid tumours and other chronic diseases such as lung, cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Emerging evidences suggested that peripheral blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can be used as a marker of systemic inflammation. Furthermore, NLR has shown good predictive values on progression and clinical outcomes in Covid-19 severity. Our study aims at evaluating whether NLR can help clinicians identify potentially severe cases early, conduct early triage and initiate effective management in time, which may reduce the overall mortality of COVID-19.

Material and Methods:
This was a retrospective study done from January 2021 to August 2021 in Breach candy hospital Mumbai. A group of 100 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection hospitalised in our centre were retrospectively analysed. COVID-19 diagnosis was performed via RTPCR from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs. For each patient, demographic data, clinical history, laboratory tests specially CBC and treatment measures during hospitalisation were collected.

Results:
NLR can be used to determine on disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID infection.

Conclusion:
Evaluating NLR can help clinicians identify potentially severe cases early, conduct early triage and initiate effective management in time, which may reduce the overall mortality of COVID-19.
Prevalence Rate of Rheumatoid Arthritis among Patients Attending Rheumatology Consultation Clinic at Baquba Teaching Hospital
Authors: Kadhim  Rashid Muayad 
Published: April 2023

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease that causes progressive and painful of multiple joints damage. Objective: To explore the prevalence of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) among middle-aged and older of Iraqi patients attended the outpatients’ clinics.
Patients and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st February to 31st July 2022 at the rheumatology outpatient clinic at the Baquba teaching hospitals, Diyala province, Iraq. The eligible patients were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires. Diagnosis of RA is based on clinical and serological parameters in accordance with criteria issued by American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) guideline. Descriptive, bivariate, and logistic regression analysis was performed. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 16.0 software. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 417 patients with an average age of 55.05 (+10.31) (ranged 40-79 years) have been included in the study. More than half were females (57.8%), married (74.3%), unemployed (67.9%), and 41.0% doctor-diagnosed arthritis. The prevalence of RA in adults was 0.96% compared to 2.34% in doctor-diagnosed arthritis group (females 1.75% vs. males 0.59%, P= 0.011). Results of the multiple logistic regressions showed that older age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.100, 95% CI: 1.070 to 1.130) was associated significantly with "doctor-diagnosed arthritis" (p < 0.001). The female patients (OR = 4.928, 95% CI: 2.826 to 8.593), single or had no spouse (unmarried, widow, divorce) (OR = 5.076, 95% CI: 2.742 to 9.396) and had diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR = 7.251, 95% CI: 4.247 to 12.378) were associated significantly with "doctor-diagnosed arthritis" (p < 0.001). Conclusion: With aging, the Iraqi females who have no spouse and suffer from diabetes mellitus become more vulnerable to symptomatic arthritis.
Sociodemographic Risk Factors for Dermal Infections with Methi-cillin Sensitive and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Sheep Breeders in Diyala Governorate , Iraq
Authors: Bressam Fajer, Zainab , Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy, Ali , H  AL-Zuhairi Ahmed 
Published: April 2023

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the dominant pathogen among skin infections in human and animals.
Objective: To isolation and identification of S.aureus from sheep breeders by traditional method &Automated Vitek 2 system ,Detection of methicillin resistant gene (mecA) by conventional PCR. Evaluation of relationship between S.aureus in-fection and possible risk factors in human (age, sex, education level, economic statue, hospitalization in last four weeks contact with sheep skin lesions, and contact with pets).
Patients and Methods: A total of 44 skin swaps collected from sheep breeders suffered from variety of infected skin lesions (wounds, abscesses, atopic dermatitis, acne, chronic skin diseases etc.) recording; sex, age, education level, economic statue, hospitaliza-tion in last four weeks, contact with sheep skin lesions, and contact with pets to detect S. aureus, MRSA and estimating the risk factors, by employing traditional laboratories methods in addition to confirmatory techniques by VETEK2 sys-tem and PCR, using specific primers (Staur 4, 6), MRSA gene primers (mecA).
Results: Methicillin sensitive S. aureus was reported in 34.09% versus40% for MRSA among sheep breeders. Significant correlation reported between age groups and MRSA infections. Although, the rate of infection with methicillin sensitive S. aureus and MRSA was higher among males compared with females , no signifi-cant correlation reported between sex and infection with methicillin sensitive S. aureus and MRSA. Female breeders were at high risk for getting dermal MRSA infections compared with males. No significant correlation between the educa-tion level, economic status, contact with pets and methicillin sensitive S. aure-us , MRSA infections as Risk factors. Methicillin sensitive S. aureus infections among breeders significantly correlated with hospitalization in last four weeks .Significant correlation reported between contact with skin lesions of sheep and methicillin sensitive S. aureus , MRSA infections among breeders.
Conclusion: Methicillin resistant trait was common among S.aureus isolated from sheep breeders .MRSA infections correlated with age. Female sheep breeders were at high risk for getting S.aureus and MRSA infections. Sex , education level, eco-nomic status, contact with pet play no role in infection with S.aureus. hospitali-zation in last four weeks, contact with skin lesions correlated significantly with S. aureus, MRSA infections among breeders.
The Frequency of Rotavirus Infection among Children under the age 5 years in Erbil Province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, a hospital based study
Authors: Dawod Nasih, Lana , Sabir Ali Katan 
Published: April 2023

Background:Globally, rotavirus infection, which results in gastroenteritis, is one of the major health problems. Millions of children are infected with the disease. Viral gastroenteritis must be recognized early because it causes wasteful antibiotic use and hospitalizations for kids.
Objective: To investigate the frequency of rotavirus in stool samples from children with acute gastroenteritis.
Patients and Methods: Cross-sectional study consisting of one hundred fifty-three fresh stool samples collected from children less than 5 years were admitted to Raparin pediatric hospital in Erbil city between November 2021 and April 2022. Rotavirus antigens were detected by Rapid test.
Results: Rotavirus antigen was detected at an estimated rate of 61 (40%) in 153 studied cases. The frequency of rotavirus among male and female patients was 44.1% and 33.3% respectively. According to age of infants, rotavirus was detected most frequency in eight months of age. As well as the frequency rate among rural and urban patients was 40% and 39.8% respectively. Rotavirus was detected among vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients by the frequency 26.3% and 54.8% respectively. The highest frequency rate was detected in January 46.4%. Detection of rotavirus by age group was and vaccinations were significant in this study by p-value of 0.001. Conclusion: The most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children in our area is rotavirus . Rotavirus infection is most frequently occurring during the winter season and among children between 6 months to 24 months.
Conclusion: In this study we found cigarette smoking was more commonly practiced than water pipe .Nicotinic stomatitis is more prevalent in cigarette smoking and its incidence increased with duration and frequency of the habit.
Comparative Study of Topical 1% Terbinafine Cream Versus 1% Clotrimazole Cream in The Treatment of Tineapedis
Authors: Hasan Mohammed, Araz , Ahmed Omer Gulikhan 
Published: April 2023

Background:Tinea pedis (athletic foot) is the most common dermatophytic fungal infection of the body. It may last for a short or long time and may recur after treatment.
Objective: To assessed and compared the effectiveness and safety of 1% terbinafine cream and 1% clotrimazole cream for the treatment of tinea pedis.
Patients and Methods: Randomized control trial was done in the outpatient clinic of dermatology department in Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil. From March, 2019 to January, 2020. Sixty patients with tinea pedis diag-nosed clinically were included in this study. Thirty patients applied 1% terbinafine cream topically twice daily for one week and thirty patients applied 1% clotrimazole cream topically twice daily for four weeks. Scraping for fungi was performed before and after therapy. Efficacy was assessed by clini-cal cure and mycological cure. Clinical and mycological cure measured at weeks one, four and six.
Results: Mycological cure rates were 86.7% for terbinafine and 80% for clotrimazole at 4 weeks, 86.7% for terbinafine and 90% for clotrimazole at 6 weeks. At 4 weeks, terbinafine had an 83.3 percent clinical treatment rate and clotrimazole had a 76.67 percent clinical treatment rate; at 6 weeks, terbinafine had an 83.3 percent clinical treatment rate and clotrimazole had an 83.3 percent clinical treatment rate.
Conclusion: The study showed that one week terbinafine two times a day is as effective as four weeks clotrimazole two times a day as well as in terms of mycological treatments and efficient therapies.
TABUNGAN WADIAH PADA BANK SYARIAH DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN FATWA DSN NO. 2/DSN-MUI/IV/2000
Authors: Astiraga Hermansyah 
Published: April 2023

Simpanan dalam bentuk tabungan dengan akad wadiah telah diterapkan dalam operasional bank syariah baik bank umum syariah, unit usaha syariah ataupun bprs syariah. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui implementasi fatwa DSN No. 2/DSN MUI/IX/2000, mengenai pemberian bonus atau pemberian imbalan atas simpanan pemilik dana. Metode penelitian yang dipergunakan yaitu desktiptif kualitatif dengan penggunaan data sekunder dan primer. Hasil dari penelitian diperoleh bahwa dalam pemberian imbalan atau bonus atas simpanan pemilik dana sudah sesuai dengan prinsip syariah yaitu melalui alokasi dana dengan pembagian secara proporsional. ABSTRACTDeposits in the form of savings with wadiah contracts have been applied in the operations of Islamic banks, both Islamic commercial banks, Islamic business units or Islamic Bprs. This study aims to determine the implementation of DSN fatwa No. 2/DSN MUI/IX/2000, regarding the provision of bonuses or rewards for deposits of fund owners. The research method used is desktiptif qualitative with the use of secondary and primary data. The results of the study found that the provision of rewards or bonuses on the deposits of fund owners is in accordance with sharia principles, namely through the allocation of funds with proportional distribution
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM ATAS PENGUASAAN TANAH OLEH MASYARAKAT DI WILAYAH PESISIR TANJUNG BALAI KARIMUN KEPULAUAN RIAU
Authors: Heriaksa Andi 
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keabsahan terbitnya sertipikat hak milik atas tanah di wilayah pesisir Tanjung Balai Karimun dan untuk mengetahui perlindungan hukum terhadap masyarakat di wilayah pesisir Tanjung Balai Karimun. Tipe Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum empiris karena penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara turun langsung ke lapangan untuk memperoleh data yang akurat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Pantai Kuda Laut, Kelurahan Barang Timur, Kecamatan Meral, Kabupaten Karimun, Tanjung Balai Provinsi Riau. Bahan hukum yang telah berhasil dikumpulkan selanjutnya dianalisis secara kualitatif kemudian disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa penerbitan Sertipikat atas tanah di Wilayah Pesisir Sempadan Pantai Kuda Laut Kelurahan Barang Timur, Kecamatan Meral Tanjung Balai Karimun, Kabupaten Karimun atas wilayah Sempadan Pantai tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan Pasal 9 ayat (2) angka 2 huruf a juncto Pasal 10 angka 2 huruf a Peraturan Menteri Negara Agraria/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Nomor 9 Tahun 1999 dan tidak sesuai dengan Pasal 24 Angka II huruf a dan huruf b Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Karimun Nomor 7 Tahun 2012. Perlindungan Hukum masyarakat atas penguasaan tanah di Wilayah Sempadan Pantai Kuda Laut Meral atas terjadinya sengketa tanah antara masyarakat pesisir dengan pemilik Sertipikat diberikan oleh Lurah Baran Timur dengan melakukan mediasi antara pemilik lahan dan masyarakat pesisir. Dalam mediasi yang dilaksanakan meminta agar pemilik lahan tidak menutup sepenuhnya akses jalan ke Pantai Kuda Laut, sehingga masyarakat bisa memanfaatkan kembali kawasan pantai sebagaimana peruntukan awalnya. Kata Kunci : Perlindungan Hukum, Wilayah Pesisir, Tanjung Balai Karimun.
Tatbiiqu Tooriqoti al-Qiroah al-Jahriyah Lii Tarqiyati Aswat al-Arabiyah
Authors: Dimyati Muh , Niswah Choirotun 
Published: April 2023

The method in a learning has a very important role. Because through the learning method it can run smoothly. Likewise, learning qira'ah. In the implementation of qira'ah learning, it will not be separated from recognizing the hijyaiyyah letters and how to sound and place the letters correctly so that the qira'ah learning can be conveyed properly. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using the field research method. In collecting data, researchers used several methods including observation, interviews, tests, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of qira'ah jahriyyah in the classroom uses three methods and each method has its own purpose. This is so that qira'ah learning can improve students' abilities in saying makhraj and the sound of lafadz or Arabic sentences. From the test results, it was stated that the majority of students had mastered the pronunciation of Arabic lafadz sounds and only a small portion needed more practice in reading Arabic sentences in order to hone ashwat arabiyyah. Thus the jahriyyah method is considered effective and able to improve student fluency in speaking makhraj and Arabic sound and increase student confidence.
Pengaruh Media Sambung Huruf Terhadap Peningkatan Hafalan Mufrodat Bahasa Arab Bahasa Arab Peserta Kursusan Al-’Alam Asrama Darul Lughoh Al-‘Arabiyyah Pondok Pesantren Darussalam Putri Utara Blokagung Banyuwangi Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021
Authors: Himmah Ro’fat Hizmatul , Jannah Winda Khoritotul 
Published: April 2023

This research is motivated by a lack of confidence in themselves, lack of motivation in learning Arabic, often course participants hear mufrodat bahasa arab or sentences without knowing the correct writing, even though in Arabic there is a difference between pronunciation and writing, besides course participants al- Darul Lughoh al-'arabiyyah dormitory nature still uses the usual or manual memorization method without using the media. This research was conducted at the Darul Lughoh Al-'Arabiyyah Islamic Boarding School Darussalam Putri Utara, Blokagung Banyuwangi with the research object of the al-'alam course participants who were in the dormitory. A dapun objectives in this study are 1. To find out the application of letter-dial media in learning Arabic in the Al-Alam Darul Luhgoh Al-'Arabiyyah Dormitory course. 2. To find out the improvement of mufrodat bahasa arab memorization in the Al-'Alam Asrama Darul Luhoh Al-'Arabiyyah course. 3. To find out the effect of letter-dial media on improving mufrodat bahasa arab memorization in the Al-'Alam Darul Lughoh Al-'Arabiyyah Dormitory course
This research is a quantitative research. Which is used to find out how effective is the effect of letter-dial media on increasing mufrodat bahasa arab in al-'alam course participants. Data were taken using Question, questionnaires, and. Meanwhile, to test whether the items are valid or not, the product moment formula is used .
In this study, after testing the hypothesis, the following results can be obtained:
1) Improved memorization of mufrodat bahasa arab participants of the Darul Lughoh al-'arabiyyah boarding Arabic course with a positive correlation of 65.968 . The correlation with a value of 65.985 or 66 lies in the interval between 63 - 68 which is included in the fairly good category.
2) The effect of letter-dial media on increasing mufrodat bahasa arab (X) memorization on increasing mufrodat bahasa arab (Y) memorization. Based on the results of the f test, the result is that fcount is 53,259 compared to f table with N = 31 significance level 5% = 4.18 resulting in f test results > from f table, then Ha is accepted.
3) The research shows the results of 64 % the remaining 37 % . This means that when viewed from the index of significance value, the influence of letter-dial media has an effect on increasing memorization in the Al'- Alam Darul Lughoh Al-'Arabiyyah Dormitory course
Qashr dalam kitab Ihya Ulumuddin Rubu’ Ibadah karya Imam Al-Ghazali
Authors: Robiansyah Dodi , Rahmanudin Ii 
Published: April 2023

Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui metode Qashr dalam kitab Ihya Ulumuddin Rubu’ Ibadah karya Imam Al-Ghazali. Serta Mengetahui pembagian Qashr dan makna jumlah yang terkandung Qashr dalam kitab Ihya Ulumuddin Rubu’ Ibadah karya Imam Al-Ghazali. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah metode library reasaerch, dimana peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik. Adapun Langkah-langkah penelitiannya, menentukan sumber data penelitian, menentukan jenis data penelitian, dan Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian dengan Pustaka dan dokumentasi, serta untuk analisis dan mengolah data, terdapat tahap-tahap yang digunakan dalam penelitian, seperti Tahap Deskripsi Data, Tahap Klasifikasi Data Yaitu data-data yang telah dideskripsikan, kemudian digolongkan atau dikelompokkan sesuai dengan permasalahannya. Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan oleh peneliti terhadap kitab Ihya’ ‘Ulumuddin dengan pendekatan Qashr, maka hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa didalam kitab Ihya’ ‘Ulumuddin Rubu’ Ibadah dari bab ilmu sampai bab shalat terdapat 60 uslub qashr.
LITERASI SEKOLAH SEBAGAI PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PENDIDIKAN
Authors: ROFIQ ASNGADI 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
This study aims to find out that the growing level of school literacy can improve the quality of education. Library research method using a qualitative approach. It can be concluded that school literacy is very urgent for the world of education. The development of the world of science and technology is so fast in this era of globalization, for that it must be immediately balanced by mastering the science and technology, by learning (reading). Because by not immediately compensating automatically will soon be left behind. Seeing the weaknesses that exist for the Indonesian people, both the ability to read, the love of reading, the lack of reading materials for our students so that they lose or are left behind from other nations, it is only natural that efforts must be made to catch up. There are various efforts, including the promotion of the school literacy movement (SLS). As the Minister of Education and Culture Regulation No.23 of 2015 concerning School Literacy. In the implementation of the school literacy movement that went well by paying attention to the objectives, principles, stages, involving various parties, utilizing infrastructure, maximizing the literacy team, it turned out that it had an impact on improving the quality of education in general and the success of students in particular.
PERBEDAAN INDIVIDUAL DAN KONSEKUENSINYA BAGI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Hikmah Siti Nur Afifatul 
Published: April 2023

Setiap pembelajar memiliki cara yang berbeda untuk beradaptasi dan memahami petunjuk khususnya dalam pembelajaran bahasa. Kemampuan kognitif yang dimiliki setiap individu yaitu kecerdasan, bakat pembelajaran bahasa, atau kapasitas atau kecepatan mengingat. Selaian itu, kemampuan afektif seperti rasa takut, motivasi, dan emosi dari satu individu. Penelitian perbedaan individual dapat dilihat dari interaksi atau hubungan dari kedua aspek tersebut di dalam diri manusia dan juga terhadap konteks pembelajaran pemahaman individu secara alami terhadap suatu instruksi dapat diidentifikasi dengan baik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis studi pustaka. Adapun teknik pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini berupa data-data atau informasi yang disesuikan dengan literatur, baik dalam bentuk buku, majalah, dan catatan-catatan. Setiap pembelajar memiliki cara yang berbeda untuk beradaptasi dan memahami petunjuk khususnya dalam pembelajaran bahasa. Pertama, perbedaan individual terdiri atas dua faktor, yaitu faktor personal dan faktor umum. Faktor personal meliputi (1) dinamika kelompok, (2) sikap terhadap pengajar dan bahan ajar, dan (3) teknik belajar individual, sedangkan faktor umum meliputi (1) umur, (2) kecerdasan dan ketangkasan, (4) cognitive-style, (5) sikap dan (6) motivasi, dan (7) kepribadian. Kedua, konsekuensi perbedaan individual bagi pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia dalam pembahasan ini berkaitan dengan cara pendidik dalam mengajar. Ketiga, berkaitan dengan komponen belajar (sumber belajar, bahan ajar, strategi pembelajaran, dan penilaian).