bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
104 Exposure to Environmental Pollutant GenX Chemical Modulates Innate and Adaptive Immunity Genes in Cow Neutrophils
Authors: Adjei-Fremah Sarah , Pande Priyanka , Worku Mulumebet , Jagana Sowmya , Inupala Sree Navya , Sabater Therese , Deng Dongyang , Uzzaman Md Rasel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
GenX is an environmental contaminant with wide industrial use and found in drinking water. These chemicals have high bioaccumulation and cause adverse health effects in animals and humans. Previous study has shown that pre GenX perfluoroalkyl/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and GenX affect immune cells but there is limited study on their impact on innate immune cells (neutrophils) in livestock, such as cows. This study evaluated the effect of GenX exposure on innate and adaptive immune response gene transcription in bovine neutrophils ex vivo. Whole blood was collected using Acid citrate dextrose as a coagulant from cows (n = 5). Neutrophils were isolated using differential centrifugation and hypotonic lysis of red cells. Isolated neutrophils were treated with GenX (100 ng), or untreated (control group) for hour at 37oC, 5%CO2 and 85% relative humidity. After treatment, total RNA was extracted using Trizol reagent, reverse transcribed to cDNA, and quantitative PCR was performed using the innate and adaptive immunity RT2 profiler array (Qiagen) with 84 genes. The qPCR data were analyzed using Livak’s method to calculate fold change (FC) in gene expression between GenX-treated and control neutrophils, and FC &gt;2, (p &lt; 0.05) was considered significant. Normalization of data was performed with GAPDH and Beta Actin as an internal control. Out of the 84 genes tested, 78 were expressed, 25 were upregulated and4 were downregulated, in response to GenX exposure. Exposure to GenX upregulated the expression of TLR8 (FC = 24.75), NOD2 (FC = 7.65), STAT1 (FC = 49.35), HLA-A (FC = 14.07), and NKB1A (FC = 16.52). Treatment with GenX decreased the expression TICAM1 (FC = -2.30), CD86 (FC = -2.27) and RAG1 (FC = -2.50). These results indicate that GenX exposure can activate and modulate the expression of innate and adaptive immune response genes in cow neutrophils. STAT1 is involved in transcriptional regulation and activation of TLR7/8 shifts neutrophil function from phagocytosis to NETosis. Thus, the mechanism of action of GenX on identified gene targets and their function and possible animal health consequences warrants further study.
137 Replacement Heifer Gain, Feed Intake and Efficiency While Consuming an Unprocessed Hay Diet Followed by a Mixed Concentrate/Forage Diet
Authors: Briggs Emma A , Lalman David , Horton Kade , Moore Mikayla F 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency in beef heifers while consuming two diets divergent in energy density. Fifty-four yearling Angus and Angus cross heifers (initial body weight = 307.5 ± 30.35 kg) were subject to sequential intake trials using SmartFeed individual intake measuring technology (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD) in drylot pens at the Oklahoma State University Range Cow Research Center. The first intake period (HAY) was initiated on July 15 (d -21) with a 21-d adaptation period and a 70-d intake period. Bermudagrass hay (10.3% CP, 2.0 Mcal ME, and 56% TDN) and a salt/mineral/vitamin supplement was offered on an ad libitum basis throughout the experiment. The second intake period was initiated on d-92 and included 14 d of adaption with 42 d of data collection. A mixed diet (12.4% CP, 45% NDF, and 65% TDN) consisting of 50% chopped bermudagrass hay, concentrate feeds, and a liquid supplement containing minerals and vitamins (TMR) was offered on an ad libitum basis. In both periods, weights were recorded every 14 days, and ADG was calculated by regressing body weight over time. Dry matter intake (DMI) and residual feed intake (RFI) were calculated at the end of each feeding period. Statistical regression equations were used to predict RFI for both HAY and TMR, including average metabolic body weight and average daily gain for each of their respective trials. For RFI, cattle were classified as inefficient, average, or efficient based on 0.5 SD away from the mean RFI score. Descriptive statistics for HAY evaluated traits of DMI, ADG, and RFI (means ± SD) were 5.49 ± 0.84 kg, 0.15 ± 0.16 kg, and 0.0 ± 1.01 kg, respectively. Means ± SD for DMI, ADG, and RFI for TMR were 9.54 ±1.26 kg, 1.45 ± 0.38 kg, and 0.0 ± 0.15 kg. Spearman rank correlations for DMI, ADG, and RFI were 0.35 (P = 0.0089), 0.16 (P = 0.2367), and 0.52 (P &lt; 0.0001), respectively. This initial study suggests that intake of hay and a mixed diet may be modestly correlated, while there is no relationship of weight gain when consuming forage and weight gain consuming a mixed, processed diet.
127 Preliminary Effect of Cottonseed as a Source of Gossypol on the Artificial Infection of Meat does withHaemonchus Contortus
Authors: Brasher Hannah , Dearborn Lindsey , Nguyen Tina , Mooney Zeta , Pesato Michael , Torres-Acosta Felipe , Sandoval-Castro Carlos , Rios Leyla 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Gossypol is a polyphenolic aldehyde found in cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum). Cottonseed is a readily available feedstuff commodity in the southeast United States; therefore, it has the potential for usage as an inexpensive source of fat and protein and is promising for animal producers in this region. Gossypol has been studied for its negative effect on the reproduction of males. However, in the present study, we hypothesized a possible anthelmintic effect of cottonseed, a source of gossypol (polyphenolic compound) against Haemonchus contortus. For this purpose, 4-month-old Boer x Spanish cross does (n = 40) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments (n = 10/treatment), based on the supplementation (0.5% body weight-BW in kg), Cottonseed vs. pelleted feed (NC), and no parasite infection (NP) or artificial infection with 4,000 L3 of H. contortus (P). For 8 weeks, FAMACHA, BW, and eggs per gram of feces (EPG) using the McMaster technique were recorded from each animal. The experimental design used was a 2x2 factorial. Normality was tested using Wilk-Shapiro, followed by an ANOVA. Those variables not following normal distribution were analyzed using Kruskal - Wallis nonparametric test. Body weights were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4. Goats fed with Cottonseed had a similar BW to those fed with pellets, 29.14 and 29.80 kgs, respectively. Furthermore, the Cottonseed fed animals had greater EPG (1074.4 ± 473.4) compared with those eating pelleted feed (672.7 ± 297.07; P&lt; 0.05). Non-artificially infected animals presented minimum EPG (8.1± 8.9 and 3.7 ± 6.05 for NCNP and CNP, respectively) as part of natural infection. FAMACHA for both parasitized groups were similar, 2.77 and 2.84 for NCP and CP, respectively, but greater (P &lt; 0.05) than the FAMACHA of the non-infected animals of 2.29 and 2.41 for NCNP and CNP, respectively. From this study, the presence of cottonseed in the diet of female meat goats did not have a positive effect on reducing the parasite infection, contrary to what was expected.
156 The Impact of Sire Parasite Resistance on Offspring Gastrointestinal Nematode Indicators, and Relative Impact of Lamb Breeding Values on sale Value of Ram Lambs
Authors: Burke Joan M , Popp Michael P , Anderson John D , Miller James E , Notter David R 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Genetic selection of sheep for resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) has become a priority for pasture-based production of lambs to minimize the need for deworming. The first objective of this experiment was to determine the impact of sire weaning or post-weaning fecal egg count (FEC) estimated breeding value (EBV; WFEC and PFEC, respectively) from the National Sheep Improvement Program (NSIP) on GIN infection in Katahdin lambs born in fall (Oct – Nov; n = 459) or winter (Jan – Feb; n = 378) of 2018 through 2021 at the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS). FAMACHA scores were determined, and blood samples and feces were collected from the lambs to determine packed cell volume (PCV), and FEC at 60, 90, 120, and 150 days of age, and lambs were selectively dewormed if anemic. Data were analyzed using mixed models. The offspring FEC was positively (P &lt; 0.001) and the PCV negatively (P &lt; 0.001) related to the sire WFEC and PFEC. This implies that offspring parasitism would be less and survival greater from highly resistant sires. A second objective was to examine effects on sale prices of breeding-quality ram lambs from four farms, including ARS, of lamb EBV for WFEC and ewe productivity trait (EPT) designed to identify ewes with superior maternal ability. Sale price effects were dominated by sale type with a premium of $1,086/animal relative to direct sales from the farm for animals in NSIP or specialty sales. EPT EBV was impactful yielding a-SD increase of 2.3 units or an extra $39/animal. WFEC had no effect on sale value. Thus, while more parasite-resistant sires produced offspring with decreased FEC, the sale value of these ram lambs appeared to have been more strongly associated with EPT, or with a desire to obtain ram lambs with balanced EBV rather than elite EBV for parasite resistance.
7 Assessment of a Chew-Sensor Technology for Quantifying Feeding Behaviors in Sheep
Authors: Major Shelby L , Weinert-Nelson Jennifer R , Werner Jessica , Ely Donald , Hamilton Tracy , Hamilton Matthew , Jacks LeeAnn , Harlow Brittany 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Precision livestock management technologies for remote automated monitoring of feeding behavior can be utilized to improve animal health and production efficiency. The RumiWatch System (Itin+Hoch GmbH, Liestal, Switzerland) is a chew-sensor technology that has been validated for use in cattle and horses. The objective of this study was to validate the capability of the RumiWatch System to accurately quantify feeding behaviors in sheep. It was hypothesized that this chew-sensor technology would accurately report feeding and rumination time. Twelve Hampshire ewes (BW: 63 ± 2.0 kg; Age: 202 ±.1 d) were randomly assigned to four observational groups (n = 3 ewes∙group-1). Groups were pen-housed (4.8 x.5 m) and fed one concentrate meal (0.91 kg∙ewe-1∙d-1) in addition to ad libitum hay. One group per day was fitted with sheep-adapted prototype RumiWatch halters and observed over three 2-h periods using-min scan sampling, with each group observed for two days. Behaviors were classified as eating, ruminating, or other activity. Observations were recorded via Behavioral Observation Research Interactive Software (BORIS; v.7.13.8, Torino, Italy). Raw data collected using the prototype halters were converted using two versions of RumiWatch Converter software (v.7.3.2 and v.7.3.36). Agreement between visual observations and the RumiWatch output was evaluated in R (v. 4.0.1; R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). This included percent agreement and Cohen’s Kappa for-min behavior classifications and Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) for hourly eating and rumination time. Agreement between visual observation and the two converter versions for time spent performing other behaviors was also assessed. Percent agreement was 81.4% and 86.9% for v.7.3.2 and v.7.3.36, respectively. Cohen’s Kappa for both versions indicated substantial accordance of observations and classified behaviors (v.7.3.2: κ = 0.71; v.7.3.36; κ = 0.79). Pearson correlations for eating time were r = 0.95 (v.7.3.2) and r = 0.96 (v.7.3.36; P &lt; 0.0001). For rumination time, correlations were r = 0.88 (v.7.3.2) and r = 0.96 (v.73.36; P &lt; 0.0001). The CCC between observations and system-recorded eating time indicated very high agreement regardless of converter version (v.7.3.2: CCC = 0.92; v.7.3.36: CCC = 0.96). High or very agreement was also found for rumination time (v.7.3.2: CCC = 0.73; v.7.3.36: CCC = 0.92). Agreement was high for observations and time assigned as other activity regardless of converter version (v.7.3.2: r = 0.96 [P &lt; 0.0001], CCC = 0.90; v.7.3.36: r = 0.98 [P &lt; 0.0001], CCC = 0.94). Results of this study demonstrate that the RumiWatch System can accurately quantify time spent feeding and ruminating in sheep, with future applications for both researchers and producers.
The Protection of Animal Welfare vis-à-vis Recreational Fishing: The Judgment C-148/22 of the Colombian Constitutional Court
Authors: Lozada Gomez Marcelo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This analysis considers the recent ruling of the Colombian Constitutional Court, C-148/22, in which the Court banned recreational fishing in the country citing the prohibition of animal cruelty under the Colombian constitution and the precautionary principle. This unprecedented decision by a constitutional tribunal illustrates the growing importance of animal welfare as a justiciable standard of adjudication. It also underscores the complex role of judges when reconciling the extant human-centric concerns in constitutional thinking with the growing constitutional significance awarded to the lived experiences of animals. This analysis discusses the Court’s reasoning and highlights issues inviting further consideration.
Introduction: Healthcare Practitioners’ Emotions and the Politics of Well-Being in Twentieth Century Anglo-America
Authors: Moses Jacob D , Arnold-Forster Agnes , Schotland Samuel V 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
From the stress of burnout to the gratification of camaraderie, medicine is suffused with emotions that educators, administrators, and reformers have sought to shape. Yet historians of medicine have only begun to analyze how emotions have structured health care work. This introductory essay frames a special issue on health care practitioners’ emotions in the twentieth-century United Kingdom and United States. We argue that the massive bureaucratic and scientific changes in medicine after the Second World War helped to reshape affective aspects of care. The articles in this issue emphasize the intersubjectivity of feelings in healthcare settings and the mutually constitutive relationship between patients’ and providers’ emotions. Bridging the history of medicine with the history of emotion demonstrates how emotions are instilled rather than innate, social as well as personal, and, above all else, change over time. The articles reckon with the power dynamics of healthcare. They address the policies and practices that institutions, organizations, and governments have implemented to shape, govern, or manage the affective experiences and well-being of healthcare workers. And they point to important new directions in the history of medicine.
Healthcare-Associated Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children’s Hospitals
Authors: Saiman Lisa , Coffin Susan E , Kociolek Larry K , Zerr Danielle M , Milstone Aaron M , Aldrich Margaret L , Vargas Celibell Y , Zapata Giovanny , Zalot Morgan A , Reyna Megan E , Adler Amanda , Voskertchian Annie , Egbert Emily R , Alba Luis , Gollerkeri Sonia , Ruggieri Madelyn , Finelli Lyn , Choi Yoonyoung 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Outbreaks of healthcare-associated respiratory syncytial virus (HA-RSV) infections in children are well described, but less is known about sporadic HA-RSV infections. We assessed the epidemiology and clinical outcomes associated with sporadic HA-RSV infections.

Methods
We retrospectively identified hospitalized children ≤18 years old with HA-RSV infections in six children’s hospitals in the United States during the respiratory viral seasons October–April in 2016–2017, 2017–2018, and 2018–2019 and prospectively from October 2020 through November 2021. We evaluated outcomes temporally associated with HA-RSV infections including escalation of respiratory support, transfer to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), and in-hospital mortality. We assessed demographic characteristics and comorbid conditions associated with escalation of respiratory support.

Results
We identified 122 children (median age 16.0 months [IQR 6, 60 months]) with HA-RSV. The median onset of HA-RSV infections was hospital day 14 (IQR 7, 34 days). Overall, 78 (63.9%) children had two or more comorbid conditions; cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurologic/neuromuscular, respiratory, and premature/ neonatal comorbidities were most common. Fifty-five (45.1%) children required escalation of respiratory support and 18 (14.8%) were transferred to the PICU. Five (4.1%) died during hospitalization. In the multivariable analysis, respiratory comorbidities (aOR: 3.36 [CI95 1.41, 8.01]) were associated with increased odds of escalation of respiratory support.

Conclusions
HA-RSV infections cause preventable morbidity and increase healthcare resource utilization. Further study of effective mitigation strategies for HA-respiratory viral infections should be prioritized; this priority is further supported by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on seasonal viral infections.
Evaluation of endpoints for the study and diagnosis of mitochondrial toxicity and disease: a narrative review
Authors: Gharti Prashamsa , Fletcher Jessica F , Chapman Katherine E 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA mutation and toxicity have been linked to several inherited and acquired diseases; however, these are challenging to diagnose and characterize due to clinical and genetic heterogeneity. This review investigates current techniques for the analysis of mitochondrial perturbations, and novel, emerging endpoints for routine application within the clinical setting. Particular focus is given to the biochemistry of the mitochondria influencing each endpoint and the relation of these to toxicity. Current approaches such as the use of metabolic markers (e.g. lactate production), and muscle biopsies to measure mitochondrial proteins were found to lack specificity. Newly emerging identified endpoints were: fibroblast growth factor-21, glucose uptake, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial morphology, mtDNA heteroplasmy, and mutation of mtDNA and nuclear DNA. Owed to the advancement in genetic analysis techniques, it is suggested by this review that genotypic endpoints of mtDNA mutation and heteroplasmy show particular promise as indicators of mitochondrial disease. It is, however, acknowledged that any single endpoint in isolation offers limited information; therefore, it is recommended that analysis of several endpoints simultaneously will offer the greatest benefit in terms of disease diagnosis and study. It is hoped that this review further highlights the need for advancement in understanding mitochondrial disease.
The Drosophila gene encoding JIG protein (CG14850) is critical for CrebA nuclear trafficking during development
Authors: Bhuiyan Sayem H , Bordet Guillaume , Bamgbose Gbolahan , Tulin Alexei V 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Coordination of mitochondrial and nuclear processes is key to the cellular health; however, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating nuclear-mitochondrial crosstalk. Here, we report a novel molecular mechanism controlling the shuttling of CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) protein complex between mitochondria and nucleoplasm. We show that a previously unknown protein, herein termed as Jig, functions as a tissue-specific and developmental timing-specific coregulator in the CREB pathway. Our results demonstrate that Jig shuttles between mitochondria and nucleoplasm, interacts with CrebA protein and controls its delivery to the nucleus, thus triggering CREB-dependent transcription in nuclear chromatin and mitochondria. Ablating the expression of Jig prevents CrebA from localizing to the nucleoplasm, affecting mitochondrial functioning and morphology and leads to Drosophila developmental arrest at the early third instar larval stage. Together, these results implicate Jig as an essential mediator of nuclear and mitochondrial processes. We also found that Jig belongs to a family of nine similar proteins, each of which has its own tissue- and time-specific expression profile. Thus, our results are the first to describe the molecular mechanism regulating nuclear and mitochondrial processes in a tissue- and time-specific manner.
g:Profiler—interoperable web service for functional enrichment analysis and gene identifier mapping (2023 update)
Authors: Kolberg Liis , Raudvere Uku , Kuzmin Ivan , Adler Priit , Vilo Jaak , Peterson Hedi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
g:Profiler is a reliable and up-to-date functional enrichment analysis tool that supports various evidence types, identifier types and organisms. The toolset integrates many databases, including Gene Ontology, KEGG and TRANSFAC, to provide a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of gene lists. It also provides interactive and intuitive user interfaces and supports ordered queries and custom statistical backgrounds, among other settings. g:Profiler provides multiple programmatic interfaces to access its functionality. These can be easily integrated into custom workflows and external tools, making them valuable resources for researchers who want to develop their own solutions. g:Profiler has been available since 2007 and is used to analyse millions of queries. Research reproducibility and transparency are achieved by maintaining working versions of all past database releases since 2015. g:Profiler supports 849 species, including vertebrates, plants, fungi, insects and parasites, and can analyse any organism through user-uploaded custom annotation files. In this update article, we introduce a novel filtering method highlighting Gene Ontology driver terms, accompanied by new graph visualizations providing a broader context for significant Gene Ontology terms. As a leading enrichment analysis and gene list interoperability service, g:Profiler offers a valuable resource for genetics, biology and medical researchers. It is freely accessible at https://biit.cs.ut.ee/gprofiler.
Genomic Epidemiology of a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Outbreak in a US Major League Soccer Club: Was It Travel Related?
Authors: Carmola Ludy R , Turcinovic Jacquelyn , Draper Garrison , Webner David , Putukian Margot , Silvers-Granelli Holly , Bombin Andrei , Connor Bradley A , Angelo Kristina M , Kozarsky Phyllis , Libman Michael , Huits Ralph , Hamer Davidson H , Fairley Jessica K , Connor John H , Piantadosi Anne , Bourque Daniel L 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Professional soccer athletes are at risk of acquiring severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). United States Major League Soccer (MLS) uses protocol-based SARS-CoV-2 testing for identification of individuals with coronavirus disease 2019.

Methods
Per MLS protocol, fully vaccinated players underwent SARS-CoV-2 real-time polymerase chain reaction testing weekly; unvaccinated players were tested every other day. Demographic and epidemiologic data were collected from individuals who tested positive, and contact tracing was performed. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on positive specimens, and phylogenetic analyses were used to identify potential transmission patterns.

Results
In the fall of 2021, all 30 players from 1 MLS team underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing per protocol; 27 (90%) were vaccinated. One player who had recently traveled to Africa tested positive for SARS-CoV-2; within the following 2 weeks, 10 additional players and 1 staff member tested positive. WGS yielded full genome sequences for 10 samples, including 1 from the traveler. The traveler's sample was Delta sublineage AY.36 and was closely related to a sequence from Africa. Nine samples yielded other Delta sublineages including AY.4 (n = 7), AY.39 (n = 1), and B.1.617.2 (n = 1). The 7 AY.4 sequences clustered together; suggesting a common source of infection. Transmission from a family member visiting from England to an MLS player was identified as the potential index case. The other 2 AY.4 sequences differed from this group by 1–3 nucleotides, as did a partial genome sequence from an additional team member.

Conclusions
WGS is a useful tool for understanding SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in professional sports teams.