bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochar of Reed (Phragmites autralis) on Representative Locations in Mekong Delta of Vietnam
Authors: Dang Ngoc Thi Hong , Thai Luom Thanh , Danh Mo , Ngo Thien Van , Nguyen Bao Manh Ngoc 
Published: January 2025

This experiment purpose is finding that using biochar of reed plants (Phragmites autralis); it is a plant species grows a seasonal cycle, it also is a very high biomass in Mekong Delta (MD) of Vietnam. To evaluate fresh, dry biomass and made of reed plants biochar to use them provide bio-organic fertilizer for rice plant (ST 25) in experiment. To achieve this aims some experiments have done by methods in laboratory of The Forestry Institute of Southern Vietnam are contents follow as:(1) investigating biomass of fresh, dry reed plants and made of biochar by use the local method; (2) analyses the chemical indicators in 3 different locations tis area on trunks, leaves, flowers in study area; (3) identify chemical indicators of peat land on 3 different locations of MD; (4) adsorption with pig urine and chemical fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potash) to see the retention off chemical components dispersed into the environment in the adsorbed biochar; (5) use the formulas of reed plant biochar mixed peat and mineral inorganic fertilizer. The results showed: The reeds in 3 locations of MD can provide big amount of biomass to make of reed biochar fertilizer; reed biochar can adopted as ammonium, nitrate, nitrogen, phosphorus and kalium the pig urine and it also adopted inorganic fertilizer as nitrogen, phosphorus and Kalium. Thus it is possible to use for application treatment environment in the region polluted and planting local rice ST 25 in the experiment area in MD. Biomass and biochar of reed in MD are big amount for the material of environment treatment and agriculture fertilizer; in chemical indicators of trunks, leaves and flowers in locations have some indictors are difference and some are not differences; the chemical indicators of some location are not differences; the mixed biochar, peat and inorganic in formulas in 5 days and 10 days were not differences; biochar can adsorb some chemical components of pig urine and nitrogen, phosphorus and kalium fertilizer; biochar can mixed peat and inorganic mineral fertilizer to planting rice ST 25 in Mekong Delta.
A Case Report: Thoracotomy in 64 years old Women with Thoracic Empyema
Authors: Nugroho Sofian Aji  , Darmawan Ismail  
Published: January 2025

Background. Thoracic empyema, a serious complication of pneumonia, often begins with conservative treatments like thoracentesis and antibiotics in its early stages. However, the management of advanced empyema, particularly in stage II and III, remains contentious. Traditionally, open thoracotomy and decortication have been viewed as requiring lengthy recovery and extended hospital stays, leading some to favor thoracoscopic approaches for quicker outcomes.
Objective. This study reports on the management of thoracotomy in patients with thoracic empyema.
Case Report. A 64-year-old woman had been experiencing a cough with blood-streaked sputum for the past 2 months, which did not improve with medication. Further examination indicated thoracic empyema. An open thoracotomy was performed to manage the thoracic empyema.
Conclusion. Open thoracotomy proves to be a beneficial approach for managing thoracic empyema. The procedure facilitates effective drainage and resolution of the infection, leading to improved recovery outcomes.
PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TO IMPROVE STUDENTS WRITING ABILITY
Authors: Jenny Ika Misela  , Mahendra Puji Permana Aji  
Published: January 2025

This study is aimed at implementing PBL to improve the students’ writing ability. It was conducted by using classroom action research which has two cycles. Each cycle has 4 steps including planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The instrument used in this research was qualitative and quantitative instrument. Qualitative instruments that she used is observation check list and field notes. The quantitative data was gotten from the students’ score of posttests from cycle 1 and cycle 2. The questionnaire was used in this research as a preliminary study. The subject of the research was the students of tenth grade SMA Wahidiyah Kediri which consist of 29 students. Based on writing test scores, in the pre-liminary study, there were only 4 % of the students who passed the minimum standard score. After that, the score of the students who passed the test in cycle 1 was 13% and 78% of the students passed the test in cycle 2. Based on the observation sheet and field notes, it was found that the learning process of writing runs well. The students could follow the step of PBL orderly begin from (1) clarifying and agreeing on terms and concepts that are unclear¸ (2) formulating the problem, (3) analyzing the problem, (4) formulating hypothesis, (5) collecting data, (6) evaluating the hypothesis, (7) formulating the recommendation of problem solving. The result of the research shows that PBL method can improve the students writing ability and it is supported by using pictures and outline.
Кардиопротекторные эффекты ингибиторов NGLT-2
Authors: Тригулова Р , Мухтарова Ш , Насырова Х 
Published: January 2025

Background. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 (NGLT-2) inhibitors have gained significant attention for their cardioprotective properties. This review explores the cardiovascular benefits of NGLT-2 inhibitors, particularly their impact on heart health in patients with comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes and heart failure. The primary objective is to evaluate the mechanisms and effectiveness of these inhibitors in improving cardiovascular outcomes.
Methods. A comprehensive review of relevant literature was conducted, focusing on recent studies, including clinical trials and meta-analyses, to assess the impact of NGLT-2 inhibitors on heart failure, diabetes, and associated cardiovascular events. The review examines various approaches related to the use of NGLT-2 inhibitors in treating cardiovascular conditions.
Key Content and Findings. NGLT-2 inhibitors have been shown to significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, including heart failure hospitalizations and mortality. Their mechanisms of action include improving glucose control, reducing kidney burden, and mitigating endothelial dysfunction. The review highlights these mechanisms and the clinical benefits in treating patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes.
Conclusion. NGLT-2 inhibitors represent a valuable treatment option for improving heart health in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure. Further research is needed to optimize their use and fully understand their underlying mechanisms.
Disease and death: The shock wave of collective punishment against Gaza
Authors: Arana-Cedeño Marcos 
Published: January 2025

A few days after the South African government filed an indictment against Israel for genocide at the International Court of Justice in The Hague, and a hundred days into Israel's ongoing military offensive, the civilian death toll has surpassed 26,000 and the number of injured people has exceeded 60,000. Although the casualties continue to rise at an average rate of 125 deaths per day,1 the greatest threat comes not from shelling, but from hunger and disease.
Antagonistic Efficacy of Native Trichoderma Isolates Against Agricultural Plant Pathogens in India
Authors: Parida Rupali Shrivasini , Das Prittam , Sahoo Kartik Chandra 
Published: January 2025

Biological control agents (BCAs) becoming a key element of sustainable agriculture, which maintain ecological balance and shows antagonism against many major problematic plant diseases of world. It is considered as natural and environmentally acceptable alternative to chemical pesticide (Baker and Paulitz, 1996). Different species of Trichoderma used in agricultural fields act against large number of phytopathogens. It also helpful in plant growth–promotion, uptake of nutrition from the soil by mineral solubilization, the secretion of secondary metabolites, and production of phytohormones. Some species play important roles in biofortification, bioremediation, and phytoremediation, as well as contaminants from the environment.
Comparative Analysis of Growth Responses in Indian Mustard to Azotobacter Priming and Vermicompost for Sustainable Cultivation
Authors: Mukherjee Aritra , Baidya Ananya , Basak Achuyta , Mondol Md Sabir Ahmed 
Published: January 2025

A study investigating the responses of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) to biopriming with Azotobacter, incorporation of vermicompost and their comparative analysis was performed in 2024 Rabi season in new alluvial zone at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia district, West Bengal. The research involved ten genotypes of Indian mustard and four treatments in completely randomized design. Treatments were designed as seeds sown in field soil, Azotobacter-primed seeds in field soil, seeds sown in vermicompost mixed with field soil, and Azotobacter-primed seeds in vermicompost with field soil. Eight key parameters were considered i.e. germination rate, seedling fresh and dry weight, seedling length, vigour index I and II, proline, and chlorophyll content. Results established improvements in germination and other growth parameters, particularly with the treatment combining Azotobacter priming and vermicompost, which presented the highest values across most genotypes. The performance of TM 306 - 1 and TBM 143 genotypes had produced the best results. The results emphasize the potential for utilizing biofertilizers and organic amendments in sustainable mustard cultivation, providing an effective substitute for chemical fertilizers.
A methodology to abridge microdosimetric distributions without a significant loss of the spectral information needed for the RBE computation in carbon ion therapy
Authors: Parisi Alessio , Beltran Chris J. , Furutani Keith M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn order to compute the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of ion radiation therapy with the Mayo Clinic Florida microdosimetric kinetic model (MCF MKM), it is necessary to process entire microdosimetric distributions. Therefore, a posteriori RBE recalculations (i.e., for a different cell line or another biological endpoint) would require whole spectral information. It is currently not practical to compute and store all this data for each clinical voxel.PurposeTo develop a methodology that allows to store a limited amount of physical information without losing accuracy in the RBE calculations nor the possibility of a posteriori RBE recalculations.MethodsComputer simulations for four monoenergetic 12C ion beams and a 12C ion spread‐out Bragg peak (SOBP) were performed to assess lineal energy distributions as a function of the depth within a water phantom. These distributions were used in combination with the MCF MKM to compute the in vitro clonogenic survival RBE for human salivary gland tumor cells (HSG cell line) and human skin fibroblasts (NB1RGB cell line). The RBE values were also calculated with a new abridged microdosimetric distribution methodology (AMDM) and compared with the reference RBE calculations using the entire distributions.ResultsThe maximum relative deviation between the RBE values computed using the entire distributions and the AMDM was 0.61% (monoenergetic beams) and 0.49% (SOBP) for the HSG cell line, while 0.45% (monoenergetic beams) and 0.26% (SOBP) for the NB1RGB cell line.ConclusionThe excellent agreement between the RBE values computed using the entire lineal energy distributions and the AMDM represents a milestone for the clinical implementation of the MCF MKM.
Highly Conductive Hierarchical TiO2 Micro‐Sheet Enables Thick Electrodes in Sodium Storage
Authors: Wang Chunting , Yao Qian , Wang Mingyue , Zheng Cheng , Wang Nana , Bai Zhongchao , Yang Jian , Dou Shixue , Liu Huakun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTiO2‐based materials are considered to be the promising anodes of sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs) because of their high safety and good stability. However, their low specific capacity and high safety operating voltage plateau impose a severe challenge for high energy density batteries. Herein, interconnected micro‐sheets consisting of carbon nanotubes and sulfur doped TiO2 (CNT/S‐TiO2) are synthesized via an ultrasonic process and subsequent calcination, enabling the fabrication of high‐performance material. The utilization of SWCNT overcomes the structure instabilities during electrode preparation of thick electrodes. The incorporation of SWCNT and sulfur dopants in the CNT/S‐TiO2 composite not only enhances conductivity but also improves ion transport dynamics, resulting in rapid charge delivery and high specific capacity at the thick electrode level. Consequently, CNT/S‐TiO2 demonstrates excellent rate performance (from 0.3 to 15 C, with 72.4% capacity retention) and long cycling stability (10000 cycles at a load of 1.96 mg cm−2). More importantly, the high S‐TiO2 content (90%) in the thick electrode (21.2 mg cm−2) achieves a high areal capacity retention of 3.4 mA h cm−2 after 100 cycles, which surpasses the actual application requirements.
Ultra‐Narrow‐Bandwidth Deep‐Red Electroluminescence Based on Green Plant‐Derived Carbon Dots
Authors: Chen Renjing , Wang Zhibin , Pang Tao , Teng Qian , Li Chenhao , Jiang Naizhong , Zheng Song , Zhang Ruidan , Zheng Yuanhui , Chen Daqin , Yuan Fanglong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDeep‐red light‐emitting diodes (DR‐LEDs, >660 nm) with high color‐purity and narrow‐bandwidth emission are promising for full‐color displays and solid‐state lighting applications. Currently, the DR‐LEDs are mainly based on conventional emitters such as organic materials and heavy‐metal based quantum dots (QDs) and perovskites. However, the organic materials always suffer from the complicated synthesis, inferior color purity with full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) more than 40 nm, and the QDs and perovskites still suffer from serious problems related to toxicity. Herein, this work reports the synthesis of efficient and high color‐purity deep‐red carbon dots (CDs) with a record narrow FWHM of 21 nm and a high quantum yield of more than 50% from readily available green plants. Moreover, an exciplex host is further established using a polymer and small molecular blend, which has been shown to be an efficient strategy for producing high color‐purity monochrome emission from deep‐red CDs via Förster energy transfer (FET). The deep‐red CD‐LEDs display high color‐purity with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.692, 0.307). To the best of the knowledge, this is the first report of high color‐purity CD‐LEDs in the deep‐red region, opening the door for the application of CDs in the development of high‐resolution light‐emitting display technologies.
Photoinduced Arene C−H Amination with Ammonia: A Practical and Regioselective Strategy for Primary Amines
Authors: Tan Xiaobin , Xiong Wenfang , Zhu Baiyao , Liu Hongjian , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroducing the primary amino group into aromatic ring is one of the most important study issues in organic chemistry, particularly for the pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals chemistry. Herein, we describe a photoinduced direct C−H amination of arenes with ammonia via the site‐selective C−H thianthrenation that forms a new C−N bond with excellent regioselectivity. The reaction is carried out under mild conditions, and with a wide range of functional group tolerance, such as sensitive −Cl, −Br, and −OH groups which are poorly tolerated in conventional approaches. Moreover, the synthetic utility of our amination protocol has been confirmed through late‐stage modification and gram‐scale synthesis of complex drug‐like molecules.
Aggregation‐induced emission artificial enzyme (AIEzyme) with DNase‐like activity: Imaging and matrix cleavage for combating bacterial biofilm
Authors: Han Lei , Zhang Yucui , Huang Baojian , Bian Xuhui , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDNase‐catalyzed hydrolysis of extracellular DNA (eDNA) has been widely employed to eradicate intractable biofilms. Although aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) has become the ideal tool for killing planktonic bacteria, AIE luminogens (AIEgens) often lack DNase‐mimetic activity, so as to suffer from poor anti‐biofilm capacity. Here, an “AIEzyme”, a kind of AIE nanomaterial with enzyme‐like activity, is designed and synthesized, where the AIEgens are used as the ligands of Zr‐based coordination polymer nanoparticles. Not only does AIEzyme have enduring DNase‐mimetic activity with low activation energy, but also structural rigidity‐stabilized fluorescence. Due to the long‐acting hydrolysis for eDNA in biofilm, AIEzyme can efficiently disorganize the established biofilms with good penetrability and realize the healing of superbug‐infected wounds under only one dose of AIEzyme. This work provides a strategy to endow ordinary AIEgens with DNase‐like and anti‐biofilm activities. Moreover, AIEzymes can be observed by virtue of their own AIE character, facilitating the study on self‐positioning and residual amount of AIEzymes in wounds. The concept “AIEzyme” would hopefully stimulate the tremendous expansion for the tool kits and the application of AIEgens and artificial enzymes.
Is more prolonged sun exposure associated with healthier life habits and obesity indicators in Portuguese children?
Authors: dos Santos Elizabete A. , Cavalheiro Lígia Araújo Martini , Rodrigues Daniela , Machado‐Rodrigues Aristides , Silva Maria‐Raquel , Nogueira Helena , Padez Cristina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesSun exposure seems to have an indirect effect on the development of obesity through vitamin D synthesis in the skin, the primary source of this vitamin. The present study aimed to investigate associations among sun exposure time, obesity indicators, and lifestyle habits in children.MethodsA total of 4755 children (3–10 years; 49.86% boys) from the north, center and south‐central Portugal were included in the present study. During 2016/2017 children's sun exposure time, screen time, time devoted to the practice of physical activity and active play were collected through standard questionnaires answered by parents. Statistical analyses were conducted to investigate differences among sun exposure time according to the sex, age, obesity indicators and lifestyle habits.ResultsLinear regression analysis showed that sun exposure time presented a negative association with Body Mass Index (β = −0.09, 95% CI: −0.18; −0.003; p = .042), body fat % (β = −0.31, 95%; CI: −0.54; −0.07; p = .010), computer time (β = −0.08, 95% CI: −0.12; − 0.05; p < .0001) and a positive association with active play time (β = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.17; 0.27; p < .0001) and total time of physical activity practice (β = 10.01, 95% CI: 4.52; 15.20; p < .0001).ConclusionsThe results reinforce the need for future guidance on the ideal sun exposure time, especially in children, who are at risk for vitamin D deficiency. Standardization of criteria for classifying optimal sun exposure time in this age group, considering the parameters that affect vitamin D status, such as age and seasonality, should be considered when planning future guidelines.
A Lewis Base–Silyl Lewis Acid Cooperative Catalyst for the Iodochlorination of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes
Authors: Nagami Keigo , Ohmura Shuhei , Ishihara Kazuaki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe have developed a Lewis base‐silyl Lewis acid cooperative catalyst for the iodochlorination of alkenes. In the presence of 10–20 mol% of Ph3P=O, the iodochlorination of tetrasubstituted alkenes with N‐iodosuccinimide and tert‐butyldimethylchlorosilane proceeded efficiently at −40 °C to provide the corresponding 1,2‐iodochloroalkanes that cannot be easily obtained via conventional methods. A series of 31P NMR experiments suggests that the cooperative activation of the reaction components facilitates the generation of the active iodochlorinating species.
Ordered and Fast Ion Transport of Quasi‐solid‐state Electrolyte with Regulated Coordination Strength for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhang Qi , Liu Zewen , Song Xiaosheng , Bian Tengfei , Guo Zhijie , Wu Donghai , Wei Jun , Wu Sixin , Zhao Yong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPolymer based quasi‐solid‐state electrolyte (QSE) has attracted great attention due to its assurance for high safety of rechargeable batteries including lithium metal batteries (LMB). However, it faces the issue of low ionic conductivity of electrolyte and solid‐electrolyte‐interface (SEI) layer between QSE and lithium anode. Herein, we firstly demonstrate that the ordered and fast transport of lithium ion (Li+) can be realized in QSE. Due to the higher coordination strength of Li+ on tertiary amine (−NR3) group of polymer network than that on carbonyl (−C=O) group of ester solvent, Li+ can diffuse orderly and quickly on −NR3 of polymer, significantly increasing the ionic conductivity of QSE to 3.69 mS cm−1. Moreover, −NR3 of polymer can induce in situ and uniform generation of Li3N and LiNxOy in SEI. As a result, the Li||NCM811 batteries (50 μm Li foil) with this QSE show an excellent stability of 220 cycles at ≈1.5 mA cm−2, 5 times to those with conventional QSE. LMBs with LiFePO4 can stably run for ≈8300 h. This work demonstrates an attractive concept for improving ionic conductivity of QSE, and also provides an important step for developing advanced LMB with high cycle stability and safety.
Intermediate Formation of Macrocycles for Efficient Crystallization of 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks with Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Kuixing , Zhong Yuelin , Dong Wenbo , Xiao Yueyuan , Ren Shijie , Li Longyu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) have gained significant attention as key photocatalysts for efficient solar light conversion into hydrogen production. Unfortunately, the harsh synthetic conditions and intricate growth process required to obtain highly crystalline COFs greatly hinder their practical application. Herein, we report a simple strategy for the efficient crystallization of 2D COFs based on the intermediate formation of hexagonal macrocycles. Mechanistic investigation suggests that the use of 2,4,6‐triformyl resorcinol (TFR) as the asymmetrical aldehyde build block allows the equilibration between irreversible enol‐to‐keto tautomerization and dynamic imine bonds to produce the hexagonal β‐ketoenamine‐linked macrocycles, the formation of which could provide COFs with high crystallinity in half hour. We show that COF‐935 with 3 wt % Pt as cocatalyst exhibit a high hydrogen evolution rate of 67.55 mmol g−1 h−1 for water splitting when exposed to visible light. More importantly, COF‐935 exhibits an average hydrogen evolution rate of 19.80 mmol g−1 h−1 even at a low loading of only 0.1 wt % Pt, which is a significant breakthrough in this field. This strategy would provide valuable insights into the design of highly crystalline COFs as efficient organic semiconductor photocatalysts.