bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essential Competencies in Entry-Level Neurologic Physical Therapist Education
Authors: Bradford Elissa C. Held , Fell Nancy , Zablotny Cynthia M. , Rose Dorian K. 
Published: May 2023

Background and Purpose:
The Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy's (ANPT) 2021 Strategic Plan identified development of core competencies for neurologic physical therapy as a priority. The Curricular Competencies Task Force was appointed to establish competencies for entry-level neurologic physical therapist (PT) education to facilitate the delivery of current and consistent content across educational programs.

Summary of Key Points:
A sequential exploratory process was used. First, the task force chairs, utilizing an established conceptual framework for competency-based education and a review of the broader literature, established competency domains to specifically apply to neurologic PT practice. Second, Nominal Group Technique (NGT), a structured method for small group discussion to reach consensus, was adopted. Nominal Group Technique meetings focused on developing specific competencies within each domain of neurologic PT practice by the full task force. After competencies were identified through the NGT process, the task force chairs reviewed and refined the competencies to ensure they represented distinct and specific knowledge, skill, and/or attitude within neurologic PT practice. The domains and competencies were then submitted to ANPT membership via survey for review. Member comments were qualitatively analyzed, with edits made to the competencies prior to submission to ANPT Board of Directors for approval.

Recommendations for Entry-Level PT Neurologic Education:
Seven essential domains were identified: participation, communication and collaboration, health promotion and wellness, movement science, assistive technology and equipment, evidence-based practice, and provider health and wellness. Essential competencies operationalize each domain. Competencies are not prescriptive but provide guidance, allowing educators to determine how to best incorporate into their curricula.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A427).
The Clinical Efficacy Evaluation of Thigh Liposuction Based on 3-Dimensional Digital Technology
Authors: Li Zhifeng , Gu Yunpeng , Liu Yicheng , Lv Qianwen , Sun Jingjing , Qi Yue , Liu Zhenjun , Jin Ji , Ma Guie 
Published: May 2023

Background
There is a lack of convenient and accurate objective methods to evaluate the clinical efficacy of thigh liposuction.

Methods
This retrospective study involved the 3-dimensional images of 19 patients who underwent bilateral thigh liposuction. Data such as volume change and volume change rate before and after surgery, circumference change, and circumference change rate of 3 planes (upper, middle, and lower) were analyzed. The correlation between body mass index and volume change rate and between preoperative circumference and circumference change rate of different planes were determined.

Results
There were significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative volume and circumference of 3 planes of 19 patients (38 thighs). The rate of change in total volume (16.90 ± 5.55%) correlated with the circumference change rate at the top of the thigh. There was also a linear relationship between body mass index and volume change rate, but not between preoperative circumference and circumference change rate.

Conclusions
Three-dimensional imaging technology can accurately quantify the volume and circumference change of the thigh to objectively evaluate the clinical efficacy of thigh liposuction.
A scoping review of two decades of pediatric humanitarian care during wartime
Authors: Kocik Veronica I. , Borgman Matthew A. , April Michael D. , Schauer Steven G. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Humanitarian care is a vital component of the wartime mission. Children comprise a significant proportion of casualties injured by explosives and penetrating weapons. Children face a variety of unique injury patterns in the combat setting as high-powered firearms and explosives are rarely seen in the civilian setting. We sought to perform a scoping review of pediatric research from the recent US-led wars in Afghanistan, and Iraq conflicts beginning in 2001. We used Google Scholar and PubMed to identify pediatric combat literature published between 2001 and 2022. We utilized the PRISMA-ScR Checklist to conduct this review. We identified 52 studies that met inclusion for this analysis—1 prospective observational study, 50 retrospective studies, and 1 case report. All the original research studies were retrospective in nature except for one. We identified one prospective study that was a post hoc subanalysis from an overall study assessing the success of prehospital lifesaving interventions. Most of the articles came from varying registries created by the United States and British militaries for the purposes of trauma performance improvement. The deployed health service support mission often includes treatment of pediatric trauma patients. The deployed health service support mission often includes treatment of pediatric trauma patients. We found that available literature from this setting is limited to retrospective studies except for one prospective study. Our findings suggest that pediatric humanitarian care was a significant source of medical resource consumption within both of the major wars. Further, many of the lessons learned have directly translated into changes in civilian pediatric trauma care practices highlighting the need for collaborative scientific developments between the military and civilian trauma programs.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Systematic Review/Meta-Analyses; Level III.
Cytokine fluctuation during acute stress is correlated to life trauma
Authors: Speakman Storm , White Kelsey , LaPorta Anthony J. , Payton Mark E. , Gubler K. Dean , Ryznar Rebecca J. 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND
Multiple studies have demonstrated that human neurobiology and behavior are inextricably linked to the activity of our immune systems. Trauma is associated with a multitude of immune system changes; reflecting this, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often comorbid with immune-related conditions such as autoimmune disorders. To further investigate this phenomenon, we tested our hypothesis that cytokine fluctuations during and after an acute stress response correlates with experienced life trauma.

METHODS
Using a prospective observational approach, this cohort study measured biomarker profiles in firefighter participants (n = 63), with 9 participants having prior PTSD diagnoses and 54 without prior PTSD diagnoses. In addition, life trauma scores were determined from all participants using the Life Events Checklist 5 (LEC-5) survey. Baseline salivary biomarker concentrations were determined, along with levels immediately before, immediately after, and 1 hour following a standardized stressful training event. Biomarkers measured using these salivary samples included 42 cytokines and 6 steroid and thyroid hormones. The concentrations of these markers were then correlated, using Pearson correlation coefficients, with the participants' LEC-5 scores. t Tests were also performed to compare cytokine values between the populations with and without prior PTSD diagnosis.

RESULTS
Included in the cytokine panel were interleukin (IL)-8, IL-10, IL-1B, GCSF, IL1-Ra, Groα, IFNa2, PDGFAA, and VEGF, all of which demonstrated positive correlation at various time points in individuals with increased severity of LEC-5 scores (and thus increased experienced life trauma). Concentrations of Groα, PDGFAA, IL1-Ra, IL-1a, Mip1a, IL-1a, IL-6, Mip1b, TNFα, and TGFα were also found to be significantly altered at various time points in participants with prior PTSD diagnoses, demonstrating some overlap with the LEC-5 Pearson correlations.

CONCLUSION
The results support our hypothesis and demonstrate that LEC-5 scores are indeed significantly correlated to cytokine concentrations and fluctuations surrounding a stress test.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Diagnostic Tests or Criteria; Level IV.
Metabolic crosstalk between hydroxylated monoterpenes and salicylic acid in tomato defence response againstPseudomonas syringaepvtomato
Authors: Pérez-Pérez J , Minguillón S , Kabbas-Piñango E , Payá C , Campos L , Rodríguez-Concepción M , Rodrigo I , Bellés JM , López-Gresa MP , Lisón P 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTHydroxylated monoterpenes (HMTPs) are differentially emitted by tomato plants efficiently resisting a bacterial infection. We have studied the defensive role of these volatiles in the tomato response to bacteria, whose main entrance are stomata apertures. Treatments with some HMTPs resulted in stomatal closure andPR1induction. Particularly, α-terpineol induced stomatal closure in a salicylic (SA) and abscisic acid-independent manner, and conferred resistance to bacteria. Interestingly, transgenic tomato plants overexpressing or silencing the monoterpene synthaseMTS1,which displayed alterations in the emission of HMTPs, exhibited changes in the stomatal aperture but not in plant resistance. Measures of both 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclopyrophosphate (MEcPP) and SA levels, revealed a competition for MEcPP by the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway and the SA biosynthesis activation, thus explaining the absence of phenotype in transgenic plants. These results were confirmed by chemical inhibition or activation of the MEP pathway. Besides, treatments with BTH, a SA functional analogue, conferred enhanced resistance in transgenic tomato plants overexpressingMTS1.Finally, plants overexpressingMTS1inducedPR1and stomata closure in neighbouring plants. Our results confirm the role of HMTPs in both intra and inter-plant immune signalling, and reveal a metabolic crosstalk between the MEP and SA pathways in tomato plants.Graphical AbstractMetabolic crosstalk between hydroxylated monoterpenes and salicylic acid in tomato defence response against Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato.Created with BioRender.com.
Host inducible-HSP70A1A is an irresistible drug target to combat SARS-CoV2 infection and pathogenesis
Authors: Joshi Prerna , Garg Swati , Mani Shailendra , Jakhar Kamini , Marothia Manisha , Shoaib Rumaisha , Biswas Shreeja , Singhal Jhalak , Behl Ankita , Kahlon Amandeep Kaur , Shevtsov Maxim , Garg Pramod , Singh Shailja , Ranganathan Anand 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOne of the fundamental mechanisms developed by the host to contain the highly infectious and rapidly proliferating SARS coronavirus is elevation of body temperature, a natural fallout of which is Heat Shock Protein (HSP) over-expression. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate that the SARS-CoV-2 virus exploits the host Hsp70 chaperone for its entry and propagation and blocking it can combat the infection. SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as febrile temperature enhanced Hsp70 overexpression in host Vero E6 cells. In turn, Hsp70 overexpression elevated the host cell autophagic response that is a prerequisite for viral propagation. Suppressive and prophylactic treatment of Vero E6 cells with HSP70 inhibitor PES-Cl, a small molecule derivative of Pifithrin μ, abrogated viral infection more potently than the currently used drug Remdesivir by suppressing host HSP70 and autophagic response. In conclusion, our study not only provides a fundamental insight into the role of host Hsp70 in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, it paves the way for the development of potent and irresistible anti-viral therapeutics.
Robust identification of perturbed cell types in single-cell RNA-seq data
Authors: Nicol Phillip B. , Paulson Danielle , Qian Gege , Liu X. Shirley , Irizarry Rafael , Sahu Avinash D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSingle-cell transcriptomics has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding how different cells contribute to disease progression by identifying cell types that change across diseases or conditions. However, detecting changing cell types is challenging due to individual-to-individual and cohort-to-cohort variability and naive approaches based on current computational tools lead to false positive findings. To address this, we propose a computational tool,scDist, based on a mixed-effects model that provides a statistically rigorous and computationally efficient approach for detecting transcriptomic differences. By accurately recapitulating known immune cell relationships and mitigating false positives induced by individual and cohort variation, we demonstrate thatscDistoutperforms current methods in both simulated and real datasets, even with limited sample sizes. Through the analysis of COVID-19 and immunotherapy datasets,scDistuncovers transcriptomic perturbations in dendritic cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and FCER1G+NK cells, that provide new insights into disease mechanisms and treatment responses. As single-cell datasets continue to expand, our faster and statistically rigorous method offers a robust and versatile tool for a wide range of research and clinical applications, enabling the investigation of cellular perturbations with implications for human health and disease.
Outward-oriented sites within clustered CTCF boundaries are key for intraTAD chromatin interactions and gene regulation
Authors: Ge Xiao , Huang Haiyan , Han Keqi , Xu Wangjie , Wang Zhaoxia , Wu Qiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCTCF plays an important role in adjusting insulation at TAD boundaries, where clustered CBS (CTCF-binding site) elements are often arranged in a somewhat tandem array with a complex divergent or convergent orientation. Here usingcPcdhandHOXDloci as a paradigm, we look into the clustered CTCF TAD boundaries and find that, counterintuitively, outward-oriented CBS elements are crucial for inward enhancer-promoter interactions as well as for gene regulation. Specifically, by combinatorial deletions of a series of putative enhancer elementsin vivoor CBS elementsin vitro, in conjunction with chromosome conformation capture and RNA-seq analyses, we show that deletions of outward-oriented CBS elements weaken the strength of intraTAD promoter-enhancer interactions and enhancer activation of target genes. Our data highlight the crucial role of outward-oriented CBS elements within the clustered CTCF TAD boundaries and have interesting implications on the organization principles of clustered CTCF sites within TAD boundaries.
Dimeric Transmembrane Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 E Protein
Authors: Zhang Rongfu , Qin Huajun , Prasad Ramesh , Fu Riqiang , Zhou Huan-Xiang , Cross Timothy A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 E protein is a transmembrane (TM) protein with its N-terminus exposed on the external surface of the virus. Here, the TM structure of the E protein is characterized by oriented sample and magic angle spinning solid-state NMR in lipid bilayers and refined by molecular dynamics simulations. This protein has been found to be a pentamer, with a hydrophobic pore that appears to function as an ion channel. We identified only a symmetric helix-helix interface, leading to a dimeric structure that does not support channel activity. The two helices have a tilt angle of only 6°, resulting in an extended interface dominated by Leu and Val sidechains. While residues Val14-Thr35 are almost all buried in the hydrophobic region of the membrane, Asn15 lines a water-filled pocket that potentially serves as a drug-binding site. The E and other viral proteins may adopt different oligomeric states to help perform multiple functions.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Biomarkers Reveal an Extended RSAD2 Dependant Metabolic Pathway
Authors: Sala Samuele , Nitschke Philipp , Masuda Reika , Gray Nicola , Lawler Nathan , Wood James M. , Buckler Joshua N. , Berezhnoy Georgy , Bolaños Alejandro , Boughton Berin A. , Lonati Caterina , Rössler Titus , Singh Yogesh , Wilson Ian D. , Lodge Samantha , Morillon Aude-Claire , Loo Ruey Leng , Hall Drew , Whiley Luke , Evans Gary B. , Grove Tyler L. , Almo Steven C. , Harris Lawrence D. , Holmes Elaine , Merle Uta , Trautwein Christoph , Nicholson Jeremy K. , Wist Julien 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe present compelling evidence for the existence of an extended innate viperin dependent pathway which provides crucial evidence for an adaptive response to viral agents like SARS-CoV-2. We show the in vivo biosynthesis of a family of endogenous cytosine metabolites with potential antiviral activity. Two dimensional Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed a characteristic spin-system motif indicating the presence of an extended panel of urinary metabolites during the acute viral replication phase. Mass spectrometry additionally allowed the characterization and quantification of the most abundant serum metabolites showing potential diagnostic value of the compounds for viral infections. In total, we unveiled ten nucleoside (cytosine and uracil based) analogue structures, eight of which were previously unknown in humans. The molecular structures of the nucleoside analogues and their correlation with an array of serum cytokines, including IFN-α2, IFN-γ and IL-10, suggest an association with the viperin enzyme contributing to an endogenous innate immune defence mechanism against viral infection.
Nicotine reduces discrimination between threat and safety in the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens and amygdala
Authors: Mueller Madeleine , Fadai Tahmine , Rauh Jonas , Haaker Jan 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTNicotine intake by cigarettes is linked to the maintenance and development of anxiety disorders and impairs adaptive discrimination of threat and safety in humans. Yet, it is unclear if nicotine exerts a causal pharmacological effect on the affective and neural mechanisms that underlie aversive learning. We conducted a pre-registered, pseudo-randomly and double-blinded pharmacological fMRI study to investigate the effect of acute nicotine on Fear Acquisition and Extinction in non-smokers (n=88). Our results show that nicotine administration led to decreased discrimination between threat and safety in subjective fear. Nicotine furthermore decreased differential (threat vs. safety) activation in the hippocampus, which was functionally coupled with Nucleus Accumbens and amygdala, compared to placebo controls. Additionally, nicotine led to overactivation of the ventral tegmental area. This study provides mechanistic evidence that single doses of nicotine impair neural substrates of adaptive aversive learning in line with the risk for the development of pathological anxiety.
Emergency department visits and boarding for pediatric patients with suicidality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zipursky Amy R. , Olson Karen L. , Bode Louisa , Geva Alon , Jones James , Mandl Kenneth D. , McMurry Andrew 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the increase in pediatric patients presenting to the emergency department with suicidality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the subsequent impact on emergency department length of stay and boarding.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study from June 1, 2016, to October 31, 2022, identified patients presenting to the emergency department with suicidality using ICD-10 codes. Number of emergency department encounters for suicidality, demographic characteristics of patients with suicidality, and emergency department length of stay were compared before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Unobserved components models were used to describe monthly counts of emergency department encounters for suicidality.ResultsThere were 179,736 patient encounters to the emergency department during the study period, 6,168 (3.4%) for suicidality. There were, on average, more encounters for suicidality each month during the COVID-19 pandemic than before the COVID-19 pandemic. A time series unobserved components model demonstrated an initial drop in encounters for suicidality in April and May of 2020, followed by an increase starting in July 2020. The average length of stay for patients that boarded in the emergency department with a diagnosis of suicidality was 37.4 hours longer during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic.ConclusionsThe number of encounters for suicidality among pediatric patients and the emergency department length of stay for psychiatry boarders has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a need for acute care mental health services and solutions to emergency department capacity issues.
Asymmetric control of food intake by left and right vagal sensory neurons
Authors: de Araujo Alan Moreira , Braga Isadora , Leme Gabriel , Singh Arashdeep , McDougle Molly , Smith Justin , Vergara Macarena , Yang Mingxing , Lin M , Khoshbouei H , Krause Eric , de Oliveira Andre G , de Lartigue Guillaume 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe investigated the lateralization of gut-innervating vagal sensory neurons and their roles in feeding behavior. Using genetic, anatomical, and behavioral analyses, we discovered a subset of highly lateralized vagal sensory neurons with distinct sensory responses to intestinal stimuli. Our results demonstrated that left vagal sensory neurons (LNG) are crucial for distension-induced satiety, while right vagal sensory neurons (RNG) mediate preference for nutritive foods. Furthermore, these lateralized neurons engage different central circuits, with LNG neurons recruiting brain regions associated with energy balance and RNG neurons activating areas related to salience, memory, and reward. Altogether, our findings unveil the diverse roles of asymmetrical gut-vagal-brain circuits in feeding behavior, offering new insights for potential therapeutic interventions targeting vagal nerve stimulation in metabolic and neuropsychiatric diseases.One Sentence SummaryLateralized gut-brain circuits respond to different sensory modalities and control distinct feeding behaviors.
Analysis of ageing-dependent thiol oxidation reveals early oxidation of proteins involved in core proteostasis functions
Authors: Jonak Katarzyna , Suppanz Ida , Bender Julian , Chacinska Agnieszka , Warscheid Bettina , Topf Ulrike 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOxidants have a profound impact on biological systems in physiology and under pathological conditions. Oxidative post-translational modifications of protein thiols are well-recognized as a readily occurring alteration of proteins. Changes in protein thiol redox state can modify the function of proteins and thus can control cellular processes. However, chronic oxidative stress causes oxidative damage to proteins with detrimental consequences for cellular function and organismal health. The development of techniques enabling the site-specific and quantitative assessment of protein thiol oxidation on a proteome-wide scale significantly expanded the number of known oxidation-sensitive protein thiols. However, lacking behind are large-scale data on the redox state of proteins during ageing, a physiological process accompanied by increased levels of endogenous oxidants. Here, we present the landscape of protein thiol oxidation in chronologically aged wild-typeSaccharomyces cerevisiaein a time-dependent manner. Our data determine early oxidation targets in key biological processes governing thede novoproduction of proteins, folding, and protein degradation. Comparison to existing datasets reveals evolutionary conservation of early oxidation targets. To facilitate accessibility and cross-species comparison of the experimental data obtained, we created the OxiAge Database, a free online tool for the research community that integrates current datasets on thiol redoxomes in aged yeast, nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans,fruit flyDrosophila melanogaster, and mouseMus musculus. The database can be accessed through an interactive web application athttp://oxiage.ibb.waw.pl.