bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV-1 infection in South Kivu (Democratic Republic of Congo): high genotypic resistance to antiretrovirals
Authors: Duhant Alexandra , Kusinza Byabene , Tantet Claire , Bisimwa Basimane , Gare Mathilde , Masemo Bihehe , Alloui Chakib , Ntakwinjan Mukanire , Mechai Frédéric , Le Minh Patrick , Gerber Athenaïs , Muhigirwa Balthazar , Peytavin Gilles , Gordien Emmanuel , Brichler Ségolène , Mukwege Mukengere , Le Gal Frédéric 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Panzi General Reference Hospital (HGR Panzi) in the Democratic Republic of Congo follows a large number of patients living with HIV-1 (PLWHIV). Although antiretrovirals (ARVs) are available, HIV-1 viral load (HIV-VL) measurement has only been implemented in the hospital since 2018. No data on ARV resistance levels and ARV dosage in plasma have yet been published for this region. We determined the prevalence of virological failure due to ARV resistance amongst patients and assessed the degree of genotypic resistance of the viral strains.

Methods
We performed an HIV-VL test and determined dosage of ARVs on samples collected from 205 PLWHIV at HGR Panzi between 2017 and 2018, including 13 ARV-naive patients. Genotypic resistance testing was performed on all samples with detectable HIV-VLs, and interpreted with the Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida (ANRS) 2018 algorithm.

Results
Baseline resistance to NNRTIs was found in 2 of the 13 treatment-naive individuals (15%). ARV dosage was non-optimal for 44/192 of treated patients (22.9%), with an HIV-VL ≥1000 IU/mL for 40/192 (20.8%) of them. In particular, treatment-experienced viruses presented resistance to at least one NRTI (52.5%), to at least one NNRTIs (70%) or to at least one PIs (15%). Finally, two samples contained viruses with resistance polymorphism in the integrase gene.

Conclusions
The high level of resistance to ARVs observed during this study, mainly due to treatment compliance default, fully justifies the implementation of means for closer patient monitoring. The provision of VL tests and therapeutic education management tools in a PLWHIV follow-up remains an absolute necessity to best adapt the current treatment lines in this region.
Advances in antibacterial treatment of adults with high-risk febrile neutropenia
Authors: Contejean Adrien , Maillard Alexis , Canouï Etienne , Kernéis Solen , Fantin Bruno , Bouscary Didier , Parize Perrine , Garcia-Vidal Carolina , Charlier Caroline 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundHigh-risk febrile neutropenia (HR-FN) is a life-threatening complication in patients with haematological malignancies or receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy. Since the last international guidelines were published over 10 years ago, there have been major advances in the understanding and management of HR-FN, including on antibiotic pharmacokinetics and discontinuation/de-escalation strategies.ObjectivesSummarizing major advances in the field of antibacterial therapy in patients with HR-FN: empirical therapy, pharmacokinetics of antibiotics and antibiotic stewardship.SourcesNarrative review based on literature review from PubMed. We focused on studies published between 2010 and 2023 about the pharmacokinetics of antimicrobials, management of antimicrobial administration, and discontinuation/de-escalation strategies. We did not address antimicrobial prophylaxis, viral or fungal infections.ContentSeveral high-quality publications have highlighted important modifications of antibiotic pharmacokinetics in HR-FN, with standard dosages exposing patients to underdosing. These recent clinical and population pharmacokinetics studies help improve management protocols with optimized initial dosing and infusion rules for β-lactams, vancomycin, daptomycin and amikacin; they highlight the potential benefits of therapeutic drug monitoring. A growing body of evidence also shows that antibiotic discontinuation/de-escalation strategies are beneficial for bacterial ecology and patients’ outcome. We further discuss methods and limitations for implementation of such protocols in haematology.ImplicationsWe highlight recent information about the management of antibacterial therapy in HR-FN that might be considered in updated guidelines for HR-FN management.
Use of Cultured Epithelial Autograft in Conjunction with Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix in Massive Burns: A Case Series
Authors: Heard Jason , Sen Soman , Greenhalgh David , Palmieri Tina , Romanowski Kathleen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Intensive care for massively burn patients has increased survival and highlights the need for a solution to the problem of insufficient donor sites for autologous skin coverage. In this case series, we present 10 patients with average burn size of 81% TBSA and mean age of 24 years old, who underwent burn excision followed by either immediate or delayed biodegradable temporizing matrix (BTM) placement. After an integration period, the BTM was delaminated either the day before or immediately prior to placement of cultured epithelial autografts over a widely meshed (4:1 or 6:1) split thickness skin graft. One patient had cultured epithelial autografts alone, without split thickness skin graft, placed on integrated BTM and had successful take. Seven patients survived to discharge and had average 95% wound closure at 135 ± 35 days. The patients had on average 10.4 total operations and 8.7 excision and grafting operations. Five patients had complications related to the BTM requiring removal or replacement including three fungal infections, one bacterial infection and one with bleeding and a large clot burden. In conclusion, this surgical strategy is a viable option for patients with massive burns and insufficient donor for autologous skin grafting.
Impact of Alcohol and Methamphetamine Use on Burn Resuscitation
Authors: Kenney Connor L , Singh Pranav , Rizzo Julie A , Coates Elsa C , Serio-Melvin Maria L , Aden James K , Foster Kevin N , AbdelFattah Kareem R , Pham Tam N , Salinas Jose 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Mortality associated with burn injuries is declining with improved critical care. However, patients admitted with concurrent substance use have increased risk of complications and poor outcomes. The impact of alcohol and methamphetamine use on acute burn resuscitation has been described in single-center studies; however, has not been studied since implementation of computerized decision support for resuscitation. Patients were evaluated based presence of alcohol, with a minimum blood alcohol level of 0.10, or positive methamphetamines on urine drug screen. Fluid volumes and urine output were examined over 48 hours. A total of 296 patients were analyzed. 37 (12.5%) were positive for methamphetamine use, 50 (16.9%) were positive for alcohol use, and 209 (70.1%) with negative for both. Patients positive for methamphetamine received a mean of 5.30 ± 2.63 cc/kg/TBSA, patients positive for alcohol received a mean of 5.41 ± 2.49 cc/kg/TBSA, and patients with neither received a mean of 4.33 ± 1.79 cc/kg/TBSA. Patients with methamphetamine or alcohol use had significantly higher fluid requirements. In the first 6 hours patients with alcohol use had significantly higher urinary output (UO) in comparison to patients with methamphetamine use which had similar output to patients negative for both substances. This study demonstrated that patients with alcohol and methamphetamine use had statistically significantly greater fluid resuscitation requirements compared to patients without. The effects of alcohol as a diuretic align with previous literature. However, patients with methamphetamine lack the increased UO as a cause for their increased fluid requirements.
Smoking status and the association between patient-level factors and survival among lung cancer patients
Authors: Carroll Nikki M , Burnett-Hartman Andrea N , Rendle Katharine A , Neslund-Dudas Christine M , Greenlee Robert T , Honda Stacey A , Vachani Anil , Ritzwoller Debra P 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Declines in the prevalence of cigarette smoking, advances in targeted therapies, and implementation of lung cancer screening have changed the clinical landscape for lung cancer. The proportion of lung cancer deaths is increasing in those who have never smoked cigarettes. To better understand contemporary patterns in survival among patients with lung cancer, a comprehensive evaluation of factors associated with survival, including differential associations by smoking status, is needed.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with lung cancer between January 1, 2010, and September 30, 2019, were identified. We estimated all-cause and lung cancer-specific median, 5-year, and multivariable restricted mean survival time (RMST) to identify demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors associated with survival, overall and stratified by smoking status (never, former, and current).

Results
Analyses included 6813 patients with lung cancer: 13.9% never smoked, 54.2% formerly smoked, and 31.9% currently smoked. All-cause RMST through 5 years for those who never, formerly, and currently smoked was 32.1, 25.9, and 23.3 months, respectively. Lung cancer–specific RMST was 36.3 months, 30.3 months, and 26.0 months, respectively. Across most models, female sex, younger age, higher socioeconomic measures, first-course surgery, histology, and body mass index were positively associated, and higher stage was inversely associated with survival. Relative to White patients, Black patients had increased survival among those who formerly smoked.

Conclusions
We identify actionable factors associated with survival between those who never, formerly, and currently smoked cigarettes. These findings illuminate opportunities to address underlying mechanisms driving lung cancer progression, including use of first-course treatment, and enhanced implementation of tailored smoking cessation interventions for individuals diagnosed with cancer.
Altered 5-HT2A/C receptor binding in the medulla oblongata in the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): Part I. Tissue-based evidence for serotonin receptor signaling abnormalities in cardiorespiratory- and arousal-related circuits
Authors: Haynes Robin L , Trachtenberg Felicia , Darnall Ryan , Haas Elisabeth A , Goldstein Richard D , Mena Othon J , Krous Henry F , Kinney Hannah C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the leading cause of postneonatal infant mortality in the United States, is typically associated with a sleep period. Previously, we showed evidence of serotonergic abnormalities in the medulla (e.g. altered serotonin (5-HT)1A receptor binding), in SIDS cases. In rodents, 5-HT2A/C receptor signaling contributes to arousal and autoresuscitation, protecting brain oxygen status during sleep. Nonetheless, the role of 5-HT2A/C receptors in the pathophysiology of SIDS is unclear. We hypothesize that in SIDS, 5-HT2A/C receptor binding is altered in medullary nuclei that are key for arousal and autoresuscitation. Here, we report altered 5-HT2A/C binding in several key medullary nuclei in SIDS cases (n = 58) compared to controls (n = 12). In some nuclei the reduced 5-HT2A/C and 5-HT1A binding overlapped, suggesting abnormal 5-HT receptor interactions. The data presented here (Part 1) suggest that a subset of SIDS is due in part to abnormal 5-HT2A/C and 5-HT1A signaling across multiple medullary nuclei vital for arousal and autoresuscitation. In Part II to follow, we highlight 8 medullary subnetworks with altered 5-HT receptor binding in SIDS. We propose the existence of an integrative brainstem network that fails to facilitate arousal and/or autoresuscitation in SIDS cases.
Motivations underlying Latino Americans’ group-based social media engagement
Authors: Saleem Muniba , Mastro Dana , Docherty Meagan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Guided by the Social Identity Model of Collective Action, the current research utilizes a three-wave longitudinal study collected pre and post the 2020 U.S. Presidential election to examine the motivations underlying Latino Americans’ group-based social media engagement (N = 1,050). Results revealed that Time 1 group (Latino) identity increased Time 2 perceptions of social media as efficacious in improving group outcomes, which in turn increased Time 3 group-based social media engagement. Although T1 Latino identification was not significantly associated with T2 perceptions of personal or group-based injustice, the former (but not the latter) increased T3 group-based social media engagement. Our findings reflect that marginalized group members engage with social media in part because they believe it is efficacious in improving their disadvantageous group status. This may be an especially attractive strategy for those who face individual experiences of unjust treatment.
Forester and Logger Response to Emerald Ash Borer in Massachusetts and Vermont: A Secondary Disturbance
Authors: Markowski-Lindsay Marla , Catanzaro Paul , Robillard Amanda , Butler Brett J , Orwig David A , D’Amato Anthony W , Thompson Jonathan R , Laflower Danelle M , MacLean Meghan Graham , Itter Malcolm 
Published: May 2023

AbstractForester and logger responses to the invasive emerald ash borer (EAB) could substantially affect regions across the United States. We analyzed forester and logger responses to EAB in Massachusetts and Vermont, exploring characteristics associated with purposeful targeting of substantial ash properties; managing forests differently because of EAB; and regeneration goals. One-third of respondents increased timber sales on ash properties, motivated by ecological, not economic, impacts of EAB. Nearly 60% said EAB changed their management activity in stands with ash; changes influenced by the ecological impact of EAB and not economic factors. Those influenced by EAB’s ecological impact to choose properties with substantial ash were more likely to have increased harvest area size, sawtimber removal, and harvest intensity. Loggers were more likely than foresters to remove small-diameter ash and low-grade trees. Both rated regenerating economically valuable species well adapted to the site as their highest essential priority.
Effect of vinpocetine alone and in combination with enalapril in experimental model of diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats: possible involvement of PDE-1/TGF-β/ Smad 2/3 signalling pathways
Authors: Vishwakarma Vishal Kumar , Shah Sadia , Kaur Tajpreet , Singh Amrit Pal , Arava Sudheer Kumar , Kumar Niraj , Yadav Raj Kanwar , Yadav Sushma , Arora Taruna , Yadav Harlokesh Narayan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is one of the severe secondary complications of diabetes mellitus in humans. Vinpocetine is an alkaloid having pleiotropic pharmacological effects. The present study is designed to investigate the effect of vinpocetine in DC in rats.

Methods
Rats were fed a high-fat diet for nine weeks along with single dose of streptozotocin after the second week to induce DC. The haemodynamic evaluation was performed to assess the functional status of rats using the Biopac system. Cardiac echocardiography, biochemical, oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory cytokine level were analysed in addition to haematoxylin–eosin and Masson’s trichome staining to study histological changes, cardiomyocyte diameter and fibrosis, respectively. Phosphodiesterase-1 (PDE-1), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and p-Smad 2/3 expression in cardiac tissues were quantified using western blot/RT-PCR.

Key finding
Vinpocetine treatment and its combination with enalapril decreased the glucose levels compared to diabetic rats. Vinpocetine improved the echocardiographic parameters and cardiac functional status of rats. Vinpocetine decreased the cardiac biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine levels, cardiomyocyte diameter and fibrosis in rats. Interestingly, expressions of PDE-1, TGF-β and p-Smad 2/3 were ameliorated by vinpocetine alone and in combination with enalapril.

Conclusions
Vinpocetine is a well-known inhibitor of PDE-1 and the protective effect of vinpocetine in DC is exerted by inhibition of PDE-1 and subsequent inhibition of the expression of TGF-β/Smad 2/3.
(No) Spillovers in reporting domestic abuse to police
Authors: Vomfell Lara , Povala Jan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Spillover effects in crime are typically studied as a result of offender behaviour. This study investigates whether spillover effects can occur in the reporting of domestic abuse by victims. Domestic abuse is a particularly interesting context because of its high prevalence but low reporting rate. Extending existing spatio-temporal Hawkes process specifications, we test for the presence of two spillover channels in all domestic abuse calls in a major English city. We find no evidence to support such effects in the reporting of domestic abuse.
Association Plots: visualizing cluster-specific associations in high-dimensional correspondence analysis biplots
Authors: Gralinska Elzbieta , Vingron Martin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn molecular biology, just as in many other fields of science, data often come in the form of matrices or contingency tables with many observations (rows) for a set of variables (columns). While projection methods like principal component analysis or correspondence analysis (CA) can be applied for obtaining an overview of such data, in cases where the matrix is very large the associated loss of information upon projection into two or three dimensions may be dramatic. However, when the set of variables can be grouped into clusters, this opens up a new angle on the data. We focus on the question of which observations are associated to a cluster and distinguish it from other clusters. CA employs a geometry geared towards answering this question. We exploit this feature in order to introduce Association Plots for visualizing cluster-specific observations in complex data. Regardless of the data matrix dimensionality Association Plots are two-dimensional and depict the observations associated to a cluster of variables. We demonstrate our method on two small data sets and then use it to study a challenging genomic data set comprising &gt;10,000 samples. We show that Association Plots can clearly highlight those observations which characterise a cluster of variables.
Preventing thrombotic events in a case of postpartum ovarian artery aneurysm rupture: clinical challenges and management approaches
Authors: Rasti Sina , Zarean Elaheh , Jafarpisheh Mohammad S , Aria Amir 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ovarian artery aneurysm is a rare asymptomatic condition usually diagnosed when it ruptures. It causes massive bleeding, often in the peripartum period of multiparous women, who are already at an increased risk for thromboembolic events. Balancing the bleeding risk against the thrombotic complications remains unexplored in such cases. A 35-year-old woman presented with hemorrhagic shock 3 days after delivering her seventh healthy child. During the emergent exploratory laparotomy, she responded well to the blood transfusion; the stable retroperitoneal hematoma indicated no need to explore it. A subsequent episode of hemodynamic instability necessitated another laparotomy, during which the hematoma was evacuated and both ovarian arteries were ligated. Shortly thereafter, the patient suffered a pulmonary embolism (PE). In multiparous patients presenting with peripartum retroperitoneal hematoma and hemorrhagic shock, exploring the hematoma and ligating the ovarian and uterine arteries may reduce the risk of PE or the need for reoperation.
Atovaquone and Proguanil Hydrochloride for Prophylaxis of Malaria
Authors: Shanks G. Dennis , Kremsner Peter G. , Sukwa Thomas Y. , van der Berg J. Dirk , Shapiro Theresa A. , Scott Trevor R. , Chulay Jeffrey D. ,   for the Malarone Clinical Trials Study Group
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: The spread of drug-resistant malaria and appreciation of side effects associated with existing antimalarial drugs emphasize the need for new drugs to prevent malaria. The combination of atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride was previously shown to be safe and highly effective for treatment of malaria, including multi-drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum.
Methods: We reviewed results of clinical trials that evaluated either a fixed-dose combination of atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride for malaria prophylaxis or atovaquone alone for causal prophylactic activity against P. falciparum.
Results: In three placebo-controlled trials, 331 subjects received 250 mg atovaquone and 100 mg proguanil hydrochloride (or an equivalent dose based on body weight in children) once daily for 10 to 12 weeks. The overall efficacy for preventing parasitemia was 98%. Among 175 nonimmune volunteers taking the same dose of atovaquone/proguanil once daily for 10 weeks while temporarily residing in a malaria-endemic area, malaria developed in one patient who was non-compliant with therapy. Results of volunteer challenge studies indicate that both atovaquone and proguanil have causal prophylactic activity directed against the liver stages of P. falciparum. Adverse events occurred with similar or lower frequencies in subjects treated w i th atovaquone/proguanil compared to placebo. Less than 1 % of patients discontinued from these studies due to a treatment-related adverse event.
Conclusion: A fixed-dose combination of atovaquone and proguanil hydrocloride is a promising new alternative for malaria prophylaxis.
Targeting intracellular proteins with cell type-specific functions for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Carelock Madison E , Master Rohan P , Kim Myung-Chul , Jin Zeng , Wang Lei , Maharjan Chandra K , Hua Nan , De Umasankar , Kolb Ryan , Xiao Yufeng , Liao Daiqing , Zheng Guangrong , Zhang Weizhou 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) use antibodies that block cell surface immune checkpoint proteins with great efficacy in treating immunogenic or “immune hot” tumors such as melanoma, kidney, and lung adenocarcinoma. ICIs have limited response rates to other non-immunogenic cancers. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of many cell types that collectively promote tumor progression. Cancer therapeutics are commonly designed to target one molecule in one defined cell type. There is growing evidence that long-term therapeutic responses require the targeting of cancer cells and tumor-promoting populations within the TME. The question remains whether we can identify targetable molecules/pathways that are critical for multiple cell types. Here, we will discuss several molecular targets that may fit a “two or multiple birds, one stone” model, including the B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family pro-survival factors, transcriptional factors including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, the nuclear receptor 4A family (NR4A1, NR4A2, and NR4A3), as well as epigenetic regulators such as bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family proteins, histone deacetylase family, SET domain bifurcated histone lysine methyltransferase 1 (SETDB1), and lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A). We will focus on the rationale of these targets in immune modulation, as well as the strategies for targeting these important proteins for cancer therapy.