bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and commissioning of a new collaborative multi-modality radiotherapy platform
Authors: Wang Zhongfei , Sun Xiaohuan , Wang Wei , Zhang Te , Chen Liting , Duan Jie , Feng Siqi , Chen Yinzhu , Wei Zhiwei , Zang Jian , Xiao Feng , Zhao Lina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTaiChi, a new multi-modality radiotherapy platform that integrates a linear accelerator, a focusing gamma system, and a kV imaging system within an enclosed O-ring gantry, was introduced into clinical application. This work aims to assess the technological characteristics and commissioning results of the TaiChi platform. The acceptance testing and commissioning were performed following the manufacturer’s customer acceptance tests (CAT) and several AAPM Task Group (TG) reports/guidelines. Regarding the linear accelerator (linac), all applicable validation measurements recommended by the MPPG 5.a (basic photon beam model validation, intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)/volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) validation, end-to-end(E2E) tests, and patient-specific quality assurance (QA)) were performed. For the focusing gamma system, the absorbed doses were measured using a PTW31014 ion chamber (IC) and PTW60016 diode detector. EBT3 films and a PTW60016 diode detector were employed to measure the relative output factors (ROFs). The E2E tests were performed using PTW31014 IC and EBT3 films. The coincidences between the imaging isocenter and the linac/gamma mechanical isocenter were investigated using EBT3 films. The image quality was evaluated regarding the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), spatial resolution, and uniformity. All tests included in the CAT met the manufacturer’s specifications. All MPPG 5.a measurements complied with the tolerances. The confidence limits for IMRT/VMAT point dose and dose distribution measurements were achieved according to TG-119. The point dose differences were below 1.68% and gamma passing rates (3%/2 mm) were above 95.1% for the linac E2E tests. All plans of patient-specific QA had point dose differences below 1.79% and gamma passing rates above 96.1% using the 3%/2 mm criterion suggested by TG-218. For the focusing gamma system, the differences between the calculated and measured absorbed doses were below 1.86%. The ROFs calculated by the TPS were independently confirmed within 2% using EBT3 films and a PTW60016 detector. The point dose differences were below 2.57% and gamma passing rates were above 95.3% using the 2%/1 mm criterion for the E2E tests. The coincidences between the imaging isocenter and the linac/gamma mechanical isocenter were within 0.5 mm. The image quality parameters fully complied with the manufacturer’s specifications regarding the CNR, spatial resolution, and uniformity. The multi-modality radiotherapy platform complies with the CAT and AAPM commissioning criteria. The commissioning results demonstrate that this platform performs well in mechanical and dosimetry accuracy.
Introducing Routine Assessment of Adverse Childhood Experiences For Looked-After Children: The Use and Properties of the Trauma and Adverse Life Events (TALE) Screening Tool
Authors: Kerr-Davis Asa , Hillman Saul , Anderson Katharine , Cross Richard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe present study aims to illustrate the process of developing, implementing, and clinically validating a new assessment measure, the Trauma and Adverse Life Events (TALE) screening tool, to assess Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) among looked-after children. The TALE was developed by adapting existing ACEs measures to reflect the experiences of looked-after children. The TALE was completed by the local authority social worker for 218 children placed with Five Rivers Child Care (a UK fostering agency, residential, and educational care provider). Reliability was examined and exploratory factor analysis was conducted. Correlations between TALE scores, background variables, and psychosocial wellbeing using the carer-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Child Dissociative Checklist (CDC) were also explored. The TALE was found to have acceptable reliability (α = .71). A three-factor solution was found which explained 46.24% of the variance, with factors labelled ‘Direct Experience of Abuse’, ‘Witnessing Harm’, and ‘Household Dysfunction’. Exposure score was significantly associated with total difficulties score on the SDQ (rs = .24, p < .001) and Impact score was associated with the SDQ’s impact score (rs = .33, p < .001). Exposure and Impact scores were both positively correlated with CDC scores (rs = .16, p = .021 and rs = .22, p = .002). This paper presents evidence of the importance of screening looked-after children for ACEs and demonstrates that the TALE is a valid and reliable tool for this purpose. Adverse and traumatic experiences were highly prevalent in this population and appeared to be closely related with children’s psychosocial wellbeing. Results emphasise the importance of routine assessment of past experiences within trauma-informed psychological care and intervention planning for looked-after children.
Experimental investigation on the influence on mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of granite after heating and water-cooling cycles
Authors: Cui Yuan , Xue Lei , Zhai Mengyang , Xu Chao , Bu Fengchang , Wan Li 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study explores explore the failure characteristics of high temperature granite under different numbers of heating–cooling cycles. Combining a series of laboratory uniaxial compression tests with acoustic emission (AE) monitoring, it reveals the AE characteristics and damage behavior of high temperature granite in different damage stages. Increasing the number of heating–cooling cycles exponentially raised the mass-loss and volume-increase rates of the granite and exponentially decreased the P-wave velocity. These results indicate that multiple heating–cooling cycles irreversibly damaged the high temperature rock mass. Moreover, the variations in both the P-wave velocity and the stress threshold at each stage gradually plateaued after three thermal cycles. Under uniaxial compression, the evolution mechanism of microcracks in the rock was successfully described by the AE characteristic parameters and real-time spatial AE position. The cumulative AE counts and AE energy rates were consistent in different damage stages of the rock specimen. Both quantities began increasing after entering the unstable crack growth stage. As the number of heating–cooling cycles increased, the main fracture mechanism of rock rupture transitioned from mixed mode to shear mode, as evidenced by the distributions of rise angle and average frequency. Meanwhile, the gradually increasing b-value indicated that small-scale fracture events gradually dominated the rock damage. The present results can assist the design of deep geothermal-resource mining schemes and safe mining constructions.
Comparative study of the effective removal of hexavalent chromium via calcium alginate and calcium alginate/Ulva fasciata composite
Authors: Shobier Aida H. , El-Said Ghada F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe present study revealed for the first time the removal of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) with a high efficiency using an eco-friendly composite beads of alginate with the green alga Ulva fasciata compared to calcium alginate beads. This conclusion was reached in this study from the comparison of the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) by the well-known biosorbent material, calcium alginate (CA) with the studied calcium alginate/Ulva fasciata (CA/UF) biocomposite beads. The characterization of the prepared beads was achieved using several techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX). The Brunauer, Emmett, Teller (BET) and Barrett, Joyner, Halenda (BJH) analyses were also employed which indicated a three-fold increase in the surface area, a mean pore diameter of 2.3-fold and a total pore volume of 14-fold for calcium alginate/Ulva fasciata composite compared to calcium alginate beads. The results of batch experiments demonstrated the fast complete removal of Cr(VI) by the CA/UF composite compared to the maximum removal (75%) by CA. The Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm model reflected the physical pore volume filling of Cr(VI) rather than adsorption on the pore walls, giving an adsorption mean free energy (2.24 kJ/mol) for CA/UF greater than that of CA (0.13 kJ/mol). Furthermore, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller isotherm reflected the multilayer adsorption for CA and CA/UF. Flory–Huggins isotherm model showed the more spontaneous adsorption for CA/UF than CA, with negative Gibbs free energy ΔG0 values of − 4.76 and − 6.91 kJ/mol, respectively. Whereas, Temkin isotherm model showed a higher adsorption binding energy of Cr(VI) on CA/UF than CA beads. In this study, the Langmuir model of Cr(VI) adsorption on CA/UF beads was the least applied among all studied adsorption isotherm models, which also revealed the multilayer adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI) ions. The Intra-particle diffusion model was applied for CA/UF composite beads, and this application suggested that the intra-particle diffusion is a part of the rate-limiting steps. The regeneration study showed a decrease in the adsorption efficiency of CA/UF composite from 97.4 to 82.3% for three consecutive cycles.
Generating homozygous mutant populations of barley microspores by ethyl methanesulfonate treatment
Authors: Huang Linli , Gao Guangqi , Jiang Congcong , Guo Guimei , He Qiang , Zong Yingjie , Liu Chenghong , Yang Ping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInduced mutations are important for genetic research and breeding. Mutations induced by physical or chemical mutagenesis are usually heterozygous during the early generations. However, mutations must be fixed prior to phenotyping or field trials, which requires additional rounds of self-pollination. Microspore culture is an effective method to produce double-haploid (DH) plants that are fixed homozygotes. In this study, we conducted ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced mutagenesis of microspore cultures of barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivar ‘Hua30’ and landrace ‘HTX’. The EMS concentrations were negatively correlated with the efficiency of callus induction and the frequency of mutant plant regeneration. The two genotypes showed different regeneration efficiencies. The phenotypic variation of the regenerated M1 plants and the presence of genome-wide nucleotide mutations, revealed by whole-genome sequencing, highlight the utility of EMS-induced mutagenesis of isolated microspore cultures for developing DH mutants. Genome-wide analysis of the mutation frequency in the regenerated plants revealed that a considerable proportion of mutations resulted from microspore culture (somaclonal variation) rather than EMS-induced mutagenesis. In addition to producing a population of 1972 homozygous mutant lines that are available for future field trials, this study lays the foundation for optimizing the regeneration efficiency of DH plants and the richness of mutations (mainly by fine-tuning the mutagen dosage).
What Can Graffiti Tell Us About Emotions and Motivation? Some Key Points for Learning
Authors: Pérez-Izaguirre Elizabeth , Reglero Ana María Liñero 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper presents an ethnographic study on the Pamplona graffiti community and analyzes the emotions and motivation necessary for successful learning. The research methods are interviews and observations of graffiti-writing practice in the community. According to the writers, although the technical elements of graffiti can be learned, there is also an innate element that makes a person become a graffiti writer. The belief in that innate element generates a series of emotions that motivate the writer to continue painting. The article concludes that belief in one’s potential is of key importance for motivating learning, and that this insight can be used to create better conditions for teaching and learning.
Nurturing Curiosity Beyond Identity Labels to Find the Radical: Notes on What Encouraged Radical Youth to Participate in Transnational Qualitative Research
Authors: Benevento Ayşenur 
Published: June 2023

AbstractResearchers interested in expanding our understanding about individuals, who are silenced by majority societies or those who willingly position themselves close to condemned standpoints, need to also think about ways of approaching and encouraging potential research participants. The current paper frames that need as an act of curiosity and an ethical responsibility. With that framing in hand, the paper explains the process of overcoming difficulties related to recruiting radicalized subpopulations of youngsters (154 self-identified Muslim youth with migration backgrounds and 153 native youth who support movements labeled as far right) in a transnational qualitative research conducted in four different countries (Germany, France, Belgium, and the Netherlands) in 2020–2022. Because both groups are subject to the labels imposed on them by the majority societies (e.g., Muslim, Salafi, conservative, fascist, right wing, etc.), the researchers felt the need to be flexible in the ways they address and approach each participant. In the field, the purposeful efforts of recruitment wording for each individual appeared very useful in encouraging this by nature skeptical group of people. The current paper documents the development of this flexible strategy, which I hope will be useful to many qualitative researchers to facilitate their data collection efforts to identify and reach youth that is on the path of radicalization. We would like to encourage academics to stay curious about these two subpopulations of youth and other marginalized, singled out, and stigmatized groups, and consider interviewing as many individuals as possible in order to discoverthe radicals.
The technology triad: disruptive AI, regulatory gaps and value change
Authors: Hopster Jeroen K. G. , Maas Matthijs M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Disruptive technologies can have far-reaching impacts on society. They may challenge or destabilize cherished ethical values and disrupt legal systems. There is a convergent interest among ethicists and legal scholars in such “second-order disruptions” to norm systems. Thus far, however, ethical and legal approaches to technological norm-disruption have remained largely siloed. In this paper, we propose to integrate the existing ‘dyadic’ models of disruptive change in the ethical and legal spheres, and shift focus to the relations between and mutual shaping of values, technology, and law. We argue that a ‘triadic’ values-technology-regulation model—“the technology triad”—is more descriptively accurate, as it allows a better mapping of second-order impacts of technological changes (on values and norms, through changes in legal systems—or on legal systems, through changes in values and norms). Simultaneously, a triadic model serves to highlight a broader portfolio of ethical, technical, or regulatory interventions that can enable effective ethical triage of—and a more resilient response to—such Socially Disruptive Technologies. We illustrate the application of the triadic framework with two cases, one historical (how the adoption of the GDPR channeled and redirected the evolution of the ethical value of ‘privacy’ when that had been put under pressure by digital markets), and one anticipatory (looking at anticipated disruptions caused by the ongoing wave of generative AI systems).
Lessons Learned from Sudan Ebola Virus Disease (SUDV) Preparedness in Rwanda: A Comprehensive Review and Way Forward
Authors: Rwagasore Edson , Nsekuye Olivier , El-Khatib Ziad , Kabeja Adeline , Mucunguzi Valois H. , Nizeyimana Pacifique , Ruseesa Edward , Ruyange Laurent , Teta Isabelle B. , Uwamahoro Sandrine , Twahirwa Solange , Mugawaneza Denyse , Ishema Leandre , Shema Hugor , Rutagengwa Alfred , Ndagijimana Valens , Itanga Ines , Kapiteni Alexis , Benimana Jean Luc , Niyoyita Jean Claude , Rwagitinywa Bruce , Muvunyi Claude Mambo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is a severe and often fatal illness that affects humans and has significant public health implications, including high mortality rates, strain on healthcare systems, and social and economic disruption. On 20 September 2022, Uganda declared an Ebola disease outbreak caused by the Sudan ebolavirus species. The neighboring countries of Uganda were classified by World Health Organization (WHO) as being at high risk of Sudan Ebola Virus Disease (SUDV) importation. The country of Rwanda implemented different sustainable strategies and activities to prepare and ensure a timely and effective response to SUDV outbreaks once it has arrived in the country. We aimed to highlight the sustainable strategies and activities implemented for SUDV preparedness and the subsequent lessons learnt in Rwanda.

Methods
This paper reviewed the documentation on activities implemented for SUDV preparedness, with a focus on lessons learned from different countries. The paper analyzed the common themes and highlighted the key components of EVD preparedness in Rwanda after declaration of SUDV outbreak in Uganda.

Results
The key components of SUDV preparedness include its readiness assessment in Rwanda, effective coordination, collaboration and leadership mechanisms, enhancing the early detection and surveillance system, effective risk communication and community engagement, capacity building of healthcare providers on case management and infection prevention and control (IPC), and continual preparedness. These components were essential to ensure timely and effective preparation and response to SUDV related outbreaks.

Conclusion
A multi-sectoral approach involving all stakeholders was necessary to ensure timely and effective preparation and response. Continuous investment in preparedness, strengthening of health systems, and the review of preparedness components provided insights into the best practices for SUDV preparedness, which were essential to prevent future outbreaks and minimize their impact. This will inform other countries about the role of timely development of preparedness plans.
Chen, Zhaoyuan. (2023). Investing in state capacity: FDI structure and state building in the developing countries. Shanghai People's Publishing House
Authors: Luxin Liu 
Published: June 2023

Book
detailsLiu L, Investing in State Capacity: FDI Structure and State Building in the Developing Countries (in Chinese: 投资国家能力：外国直接投资结构与发展中世界的国家建设), by Chen Zhaoyuan, Shanghai People’s Press, 2023,328 pages, ¥85 (paperback)
Minimizing the Costs of Biorefinery Feedstock by Managing Perennial Crop Age: The Case of Brazilian Sugarcane
Authors: Tregeagle Daniel , Zilberman David 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe develop and analyze an unexplored mechanism to reduce biorefinery supply chain costs when the feedstock is a perennial crop: adjusting the age structure, and hence yield, of the perennial feedstock. The non-monotonicity of the age-yield function introduces a non-convexity to the cost minimization problem. We show that, despite this, the problem has a solution and present analytic and numeric comparative statics, finding that larger refineries are most likely to benefit from optimizing age structure. The model is calibrated to the sugarcane industry in Brazil. The cost reductions from optimizing age, compared to the observed regional average age, are less than 1%.
COVID-19, Religious Freedom and the Law: The United States’ Case
Authors: Houser Ryan , Constantin Andrés 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDuring the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 pandemic, public health officials exercised their police powers to combat the spread of the virus. The pandemic-related legal interventions adopted throughout the United States included lockdown orders and mask mandates. However, these policies and interventions meant to promote the general welfare of the public, in defense of common good, were met with legal challenges, especially in opposition to interventions’ impact on the exercise of religion. This article provides a legal analysis of the policies meant to curb the COVID-19 pandemic with a focus on legislative and judiciary actions and their implications for religious freedom. Ultimately, we hope this article will help inform future legal analyses on conflicts between public health and religious freedom in the context of pandemic legal preparedness efforts.
A Protected Class, An Unprotected Condition, and A Biomarker – A Method/Formula for Increased Diversity in Clinical Trials for the African American Subject with Benign Ethnic Neutropenia (BEN)
Authors: Ponder Regina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExpanding on previous industry guidance relative to increased clinical trial diversity, while honing more exacting treatments and better ways to fight diseases that have often disproportionately impacted people of color, is a topic being discussed by multidisciplinary public health experts across the nation.This writing draws attention to the African American demographic, which is continually subject to health care disparities. Any glimpses of knowledge or medical discovery that could potentially help to redress harm or reinforce a weakened familial-cultural infrastructure should be emphasized for sanative restoration of the impacted communities. The focus of this writing is the African American cohort and its nexus to Benign Ethnic Neutropenia as the diverse target population of discussion, hoping to convey a harmonized approach in the examination of (1) the African American Benign Ethnic Neutropenia cohort within the context of basic scientific understanding, (2) the interplay of applicable governing regulatory protections, and (3) increased clinical trial participation to enlarge the pathway for increased diversity in clinical trials.
The Fueter-Sce mapping and the Clifford–Appell polynomials
Authors: De Martino Antonino , Diki Kamal , Guzmán Adán Ali 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Fueter-Sce theorem provides a procedure to obtain axially monogenic functions, which are in the kernel of generalized Cauchy–Riemann operator in ${\mathbb{R}}^{n+1}$. This result is obtained by using two operators. The first one is the slice operator, which extends holomorphic functions of one complex variable to slice monogenic functions in $ \mathbb{R}^{n+1}$. The second one is a suitable power of the Laplace operator in n + 1 variables. Another way to get axially monogenic functions is the generalized Cauchy–Kovalevskaya (CK) extension. This characterizes axial monogenic functions by their restriction to the real line. In this paper, using the connection between the Fueter-Sce map and the generalized CK-extension, we explicitly compute the actions $\Delta_{\mathbb{R}^{n+1}}^{\frac{n-1}{2}} x^k$, where $x \in \mathbb{R}^{n+1}$. The expressions obtained is related to a well-known class of Clifford–Appell polynomials. These are the building blocks to write a Taylor series for axially monogenic functions. By using the connections between the Fueter-Sce map and the generalized CK extension, we characterize the range and the kernel of the Fueter-Sce map. Furthermore, we focus on studying the Clifford–Appell–Fock space and the Clifford–Appell–Hardy space. Finally, using the polyanalytic Fueter-Sce theorems, we obtain a new family of polyanalytic monogenic polynomials, which extends to higher dimensions the Clifford–Appell polynomials.