bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral analysis of laser speckle contrast imaging and infrared thermography to assess skin microvascular reactive hyperemia
Authors: Tang Yuanliang , Xu Fei , Lei Peng , Li Guixiang , Tan Zhongwei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPost‐occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) test with signal spectral analysis coupled provides potential indicators for the assessment of microvascular functions.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to investigate the variations of skin blood flow and temperature spectra in the PORH test. Furthermore, to quantify the oscillation amplitude response to occlusion within different frequency ranges.Materials and methodsTen healthy volunteers participated in the PORH test and their hand skin temperature and blood flow images were captured by infrared thermography (IRT) and laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) system, respectively. Extracted signals from selected areas were then transformed into the time‐frequency space by continuous wavelet transform for cross‐correlation analysis and oscillation amplitude response comparisons.ResultsThe LSCI and IRT signals extracted from fingertips showed stronger hyperemia response and larger oscillation amplitude compared with other areas, and their spectral cross‐correlations decreased with frequency. According to statistical analysis, their oscillation amplitudes in the PORH stage were obviously larger than the baseline stage within endothelial, neurogenic, and myogenic frequency ranges (p < 0.05), and their quantitative indicators of oscillation amplitude response had high linear correlations within endothelial and neurogenic frequency ranges.ConclusionComparisons of IRT and LSCI techniques in recording the reaction to the PORH test were made in both temporal and spectral domains. The larger oscillation amplitudes suggested enhanced endothelial, neurogenic, and myogenic activities in the PORH test. We hope this study is also significant for investigations of response to the PORH test by other non‐invasive techniques.
Profiling the imported human malaria in Sarawak, Malaysia in 2011–2019
Authors: Ooi Choo Huck , Phang Wei Kit , Liew Jonathan Wee Kent , Atroosh Wahib M. , Lau Yee Ling 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesMalaysia has achieved the status of zero indigenous human malaria cases. Nevertheless, imported human malaria has increasingly been reported in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. As zoonotic malaria caused by Plasmodium knowlesi remains a major public health problem in Sarawak, the threat of imported malaria must be addressed as it can cause human malaria reintroduction, sustain transmission, and lead to complications. The objectives of this study were to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases reported in Sarawak and to underline the challenge posed by imported malaria towards malaria elimination efforts.MethodsImported malaria cases reported in Sarawak from 2011 to 2019 were collected from Sarawak State Health Department and analysed in this longitudinal retrospective study.ResultsA total of 2058 imported malaria cases were registered in all districts in Sarawak. Highest number of cases were reported in Kapit (n = 559; 27.16%), followed by Sibu (n = 424; 20.6%), and Miri (n = 166; 8.07%). Based on the demographic profile, most of the patients constituted of either male sex (98.49%), age group of 40–49 years (39.6%), Iban ethnic (57.92%), worked in logging industry (88.58%), Malaysian nationals (91.84%), contracted malaria in Papua New Guinea (46.11%), uncomplicated disease (77.89%), or hospitalised cases (97.86%). The most prominent Plasmodium species diagnosed were P. vivax (52.67%) and P. falciparum (35.81%).ConclusionsSurveillance, disease detection, and medical follow‐up must be carried out thoroughly for individuals who returned from malaria‐endemic countries. It is also necessary to promote pre‐travel preventive education as well as chemoprophylaxis to travellers heading to endemic areas.
Adopting a culture of remote damage control resuscitation in the military: Insights from the Israel defense forces decade of experience
Authors: Talmy Tomer , Mitchnik Ilan Y. , Malkin Michael , Avital Guy , Benov Avi , Glassberg Elon , Almog Ofer , Gendler Sami 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundRemote damage control resuscitation (RDCR) aims to apply the principles of damage control resuscitation to prehospital and austere care, emphasizing early control of compressible hemorrhage, balanced volume resuscitation, and the prevention or correction of coagulopathy, acidosis, hypothermia, and hypocalcemia. Over the past decades, the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps (IDF‐MC) has made significant efforts to integrate the principles of RDCR into prehospital trauma care in the military.Study Design and MethodsIn this article, we reflect on the implementation of RDCR in the prehospital setting by the IDF‐MC, sharing successes, challenges, considerations on guideline changes, and their assessment over time.ResultsThe implementation of RDCR has resulted in changes in clinical practice guidelines and training programs, with increased awareness and adoption of RDCR principles among both medical and non‐medical military personnel. The implementation of these principles and adherence to guideline changes have been analyzed using the Israel Defense Forces Trauma Registry.DiscussionBy sharing our experiences, we hope to provide valuable insights for other military and civilian organizations seeking to adopt similar protocols for prehospital care. Continuous evaluation and refinement of guidelines and training programs will be essential for ongoing implementation and advancement of RDCR in the prehospital setting.
Information asymmetry and dynamic sourcing: Evidence from Chinese firms
Authors: Chen Renjing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInformation asymmetry can create substantial frictions when importing firms find it difficult to acquire information about foreign products. I use detailed China Customs Data to show that firms tend to import from countries with which they already have an importing relationship. This preference cannot be sorely explained by the sunk cost, and it still exists even if the firm, country, sector and year‐related fixed effects are controlled. Motivated by these facts, I develop a dynamic model describing firms' decisions on their choice of sourcing country. This model incorporates both communication cost and satisfaction uncertainty, which are lower for familiar countries than for unfamiliar ones. By using this model, I estimate the benefits of importing from familiar countries measured by the probability improvement of receiving satisfactory products. I find that this probability can be improved by a maximum of 89.0% when importing from familiar countries instead of from unfamiliar ones. These results also support the prediction that the effective unit cost of intermediates is lower when importing from familiar countries.
Laparoscopic extra‐abdominal transfascial suturing technique for diaphragmatic rupture repair in a cat
Authors: Cinti Filippo , Rubio David Garcia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the technique, complications, and outcome of the laparoscopic extra‐abdominal transfascial suturing method for diaphragmatic rupture repair in a cat.Study designCase report.AnimalsA 10 year old, female domestic shorthair cat.MethodsAn acute traumatic diaphragmatic rupture was diagnosed in a cat. Following initial stabilization, 3‐port laparoscopic surgery was performed. After the laparoscopic reduction of herniating organs, a circumferential diaphragmatic tear was diagnosed, which was repaired using a multiple extra‐abdominal transfascial suture technique. The total surgical time was 50 min with no intraoperative complications encountered.ResultsThe successful procedure was confirmed by normalization of chest radiography, clinical signs, and blood gas analysis in the perioperative and postoperative periods. Mild skin irritation occurred 3 weeks after surgery but was resolved following the removal of sutures. The cat recovered well without major complications; the final reexamination was performed 3 months postoperatively.ConclusionThe laparoscopic extra‐abdominal transfascial suturing technique appears to be a feasible, and effective technique for feline diaphragmatic circumferential rupture repair. This technique may be an alternative option to intracorporeal suturing for diaphragmatic rupture treatment in the cat.
Architected Piezoelectric Metamaterial With Designable Full Nonzero Piezoelectric Coefficients
Authors: Yu Bo , Lun Yingzhuo , Hou Zewei , Hong Jiawang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Piezoelectric metamaterials have received extensive attention in the fields of robotics, nondestructive testing, energy harvesting, etc. Natural piezoelectric ceramics possess only five nonzero piezoelectric coefficients due to the crystal symmetry of ∞mm, which has limited the development of related devices. To obtain nonzero piezoelectric coefficients, previous studies mainly focus on assembling piezoelectric ceramic units or multiphase metamaterials. However, only part of the nonzero piezoelectric coefficients or locally piezoelectric electromechanical modes are achieved. Additionally, it still remains a challenge for manipulating the piezoelectric coefficients in a wide range. In this work, full nonzero piezoelectric coefficients are obtained by symmetry breaking in the architected piezoelectric metamaterial. The piezoelectric coefficients are designable over a wide range from positive to negative through manipulating the directions of each strut for the three-dimensional architected lattice. The architected metamaterials exhibit multiple positive/inverse piezoelectric modes, including normal and shear deformation. Finally, a smart gradient architected piezoelectric metamaterial is designed to take advantage of this feature, which can sense the position of the normal and shear force. This work paves the way for the manipulation of piezoelectric metamaterial in a wide range with designable full nonzero piezoelectric coefficients, thereby enabling application potential in the fields of smart sensing and actuation.
Applications of Finite Element Modeling in Biomechanical Analysis of Foot Arch Deformation: A Scoping Review
Authors: Cen Xuanzhen , Song Yang , Sun Dong , Bíró István , Gu Yaodong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Excessive foot arch deformation is associated with plantar tissue overload and ligamentous injury pathologies. Finite element (FE) analysis, as an effective tool for modeling and simulation, has been utilized clinically for providing insights into arch biomechanics. This systematic scoping review aimed to summarize the current state of computational modeling techniques utilized in arch biomechanics from 2000 onwards and outline the main challenges confronting the further development of accurate models in clinical conditions. English-language searches of the electronic databases were conducted in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus until July 2022. Articles that investigated arch deformation mechanisms by FE modeling were included. The methodological quality was assessed utilizing the Methodological Quality Assessment of Subject-Specific Finite Element Analysis Used in Computational Orthopedics (MQSSFE). Seventeen articles were identified in this systematic scoping review, mostly focusing on constructing models for specific pathological conditions, such as progressive collapsing foot deformity, valgus foot, and posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. However, given the complexity of the arch problem, geometrical simplifications regarding the balance between accurate detail and computational cost and assumptions made in defining modeling parameters (material properties and loading and boundary conditions) may bring challenges to the accuracy and generalizability of models applied to clinical settings. Overall, advances in computational modeling techniques have contributed to reliable foot deformation simulation and analysis in modern personalized medicine.
Comparing Mechanical Neural-Network Learning Algorithms
Authors: Lee Ryan H. , Sainaghi Pietro , Hopkins Jonathan B. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to compare learning algorithms to identify which is the fastest and most accurate for training mechanical neural networks (MNNs). MNNs are a unique class of lattice-based artificial intelligence (AI) architected materials that learn their mechanical behaviors with repeated exposure to external loads. They can learn multiple behaviors simultaneously in situ and re-learn desired behaviors after being damaged or cut into new shapes. MNNs learn by tuning the stiffnesses of their constituent beams similar to how artificial neural networks (ANNs) learn by tuning their weights. In this work, we compare the performance of six algorithms (i.e., genetic algorithm, full pattern search, partial pattern search, interior point, sequential quadratic progression, and Nelder–Mead) applied to MNN leaning. A computational model was created to simulate MNN learning using these algorithms with experimentally measured noise included. A total of 3900 runs were simulated. The results were validated using experimentally collected data from a physical MNN. We identify algorithms like Nelder–Mead that are both fast and able to reject noise. Additionally, we provide insights into selecting learning algorithms based on the desired balance between accuracy and speed, as well as the general characteristics that are favorable for training MNNs. These insights will promote more efficient MNN learning and will provide a foundation for future algorithm development.
Effects of Gluteus Maximus Muscle Activity and Pelvic Width on Dynamic Frontal Plane Hip Joint Stiffness During Gait in Healthy Young Women
Authors: Takano Shogo , Iwamoto Yoshitaka , Fujii Norifumi , Konishi Rei , Ozawa Junya , Kito Nobuhiro 
Published: April 2023

Context: Excessive hip adduction and internal rotation are abnormal movements that may lead to the onset and progression of patellofemoral pain. Previous studies have reported that lower dynamic frontal plane hip joint stiffness in the gait of women is associated with the magnitude of hip adduction and internal rotation angles. However, the factors contributing to the lack of dynamic frontal plane hip joint stiffness in the gait of young women are unclear. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting dynamic frontal plane hip joint stiffness during the weight-acceptance phase of the gait of healthy young women. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: This study included 30 healthy women between the ages of 18 and 30 years. The pelvic width/femur length ratio was calculated by dividing the pelvic width by the femur length. Data on hip kinematics and kinetics and activation of the gluteus maximus and medius, tensor fasciae latae, and adductor longus muscles during gait were collected using a motion capture system, force plates, and surface electromyography. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the extent to which each independent factor affected dynamic frontal plane hip joint stiffness. Results: In healthy young women, decreased dynamic frontal plane hip joint stiffness was associated with decreased muscle activity of the gluteus maximus during the gait, as well as greater pelvic width/femur length ratio. Conclusions: Women with a relatively great pelvic width relative to femur length may have more difficulty in producing dynamic frontal plane hip joint stiffness. However, increasing the muscle activity of the gluteus maximus may contribute to increased dynamic frontal plane hip joint stiffness.
Paleoproteomic evidence reveals dairying supported prehistoric occupation of the highland Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Tang Li , Wilkin Shevan , Richter Kristine Korzow , Bleasdale Madeleine , Fernandes Ricardo , He Yuanhong , Li Shuai , Petraglia Michael , Scott Ashley , Teoh Fallen K.Y. , Tong Yan , Tsering Tinlei , Tsho Yang , Xi Lin , Yang Feng , Yuan Haibing , Chen Zujun , Roberts Patrick , He Wei , Spengler Robert , Lu Hongliang , Wangdue Shargan , Boivin Nicole 
Published: April 2023

The extreme environments of the Tibetan Plateau offer considerable challenges to human survival, demanding novel adaptations. While the role of biological and agricultural adaptations in enabling early human colonization of the plateau has been widely discussed, the contribution of pastoralism is less well understood, especially the dairy pastoralism that has historically been central to Tibetan diets. Here, we analyze ancient proteins from the dental calculus (
n
= 40) of all human individuals with sufficient calculus preservation from the interior plateau. Our paleoproteomic results demonstrate that dairy pastoralism began on the highland plateau by ~3500 years ago. Patterns of milk protein recovery point to the importance of dairy for individuals who lived in agriculturally poor regions above 3700 m above sea level. Our study suggests that dairy was a critical cultural adaptation that supported expansion of early pastoralists into the region’s vast, non-arable highlands, opening the Tibetan Plateau up to widespread, permanent human occupation.
A photon-recycling incandescent lighting device
Authors: Zhang Heng , Huang Zhequn , Ding Min , Wang Qixiang , Feng Yilin , Li Zhenghong , Wang Shan , Yang Lei , Chen Shuai , Shang Wen , Zhang Jian , Deng Tao , Xu Hongxing , Cui Kehang 
Published: April 2023

Energy-efficient, healthy lighting is vital for human beings. Incandescent lighting provides high-fidelity color rendering and ergonomic visual comfort yet is phased out owing to low luminous efficacy (15 lumens per watt) and poor lifetime (2000 hours). Here, we propose and experimentally realize a photon-recycling incandescent lighting device (PRILD) with a luminous efficacy of 173.6 lumens per watt (efficiency of 25.4%) at a power density of 277 watts per square centimeter, a color rendering index (CRI) of 96, and a LT70-rated lifetime of >60,000 hours. The PRILD uses a machine learning–designed 637-nm-thick visible-transparent infrared-reflective filter and a Janus carbon nanotube/hexagonal boron nitride filament to recycle 92% of the infrared radiation. The PRILD has higher luminous efficacy, CRI, and lifetime compared with solid-state lighting and thus is promising for high–power density lighting.
A versatile jellyfish-like robotic platform for effective underwater propulsion and manipulation
Authors: Wang Tianlu , Joo Hyeong-Joon , Song Shanyuan , Hu Wenqi , Keplinger Christoph , Sitti Metin 
Published: April 2023

Underwater devices are critical for environmental applications. However, existing prototypes typically use bulky, noisy actuators and limited configurations. Consequently, they struggle to ensure noise-free and gentle interactions with underwater species when realizing practical functions. Therefore, we developed a jellyfish-like robotic platform enabled by a synergy of electrohydraulic actuators and a hybrid structure of rigid and soft components. Our 16-cm-diameter noise-free prototype could control the fluid flow to propel while manipulating objects to be kept beneath its body without physical contact, thereby enabling safer interactions. Its against-gravity speed was up to 6.1 cm/s, substantially quicker than other examples in literature, while only requiring a low input power of around 100 mW. Moreover, using the platform, we demonstrated contact-based object manipulation, fluidic mixing, shape adaptation, steering, wireless swimming, and cooperation of two to three robots. This study introduces a versatile jellyfish-like robotic platform with a wide range of functions for diverse applications.
An RNA-based system to study hepatitis B virus replication and evaluate antivirals
Authors: Yu Yingpu , Schneider William M. , Kass Maximilian A. , Michailidis Eleftherios , Acevedo Ashley , Pamplona Mosimann Ana L. , Bordignon Juliano , Koenig Alexander , Livingston Christine M. , van Gijzel Hardeep , Ni Yi , Ambrose Pradeep M. , Freije Catherine A. , Zhang Mengyin , Zou Chenhui , Kabbani Mohammad , Quirk Corrine , Jahan Cyprien , Wu Xianfang , Urban Stephan , You Shihyun , Shlomai Amir , de Jong Ype P. , Rice Charles M. 
Published: April 2023

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects an estimated 300 million people, and standard treatments are rarely curative. Infection increases the risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and consequently, nearly 1 million people die each year from chronic hepatitis B. Tools and approaches that bring insights into HBV biology and facilitate the discovery and evaluation of antiviral drugs are in demand. Here, we describe a method to initiate the replication of HBV, a DNA virus, using synthetic RNA. This approach eliminates contaminating background signals from input virus or plasmid DNA that plagues existing systems and can be used to study multiple stages of HBV replication. We further demonstrate that this method can be uniquely applied to identify sequence variants that confer resistance to antiviral drugs.
Eocene–Oligocene glaciation on a high central Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xia Guoqing , Wu Chihua , Mansour Ahmed , Jin Xin , Yi Haisheng , Li Gaojie , Fan Qiushuang , Shi Zhiqiang , Murton Julian B. , Pei Junling , Rodríguez-López Juan Pedro 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The nature of glaciation (bipolar vs. unipolar) during the Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT) remains unresolved. Here, we report the occurrence of frost marks, ice-rafted debris (IRD), and glendonites from the Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene Niubao Formation (Fm.) deposited in a proglacial lake above glaciolacustrine conglomerates and diamictite facies in the Lunpola Basin, central Tibetan Plateau (CTP). Magnetostratigraphy dates these cryospheric deposits to ca. 36.2–31.8 Ma, synchronous with a stratigraphic interval containing IRD offshore of SE Greenland and in the Barents, Chukchi, and Laptev Seas, suggesting a strong continental-oceanic coupling. Our results provide robust continental evidence for intermittent cryospheric processes in the midlatitude Northern Hemisphere during the late Eocene and EOT. The global cold snap EOT-1 influenced already glacierized high-altitude mountains, lowering equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) of glaciers and leading to local development of ice fields, ice caps, and valley glaciers with proglacial lake systems, such as the one recorded in the Niubao Fm. The record of IRD, glendonites, and frost marks before the onset of EOT-1 points to an active cryosphere on a plateau already elevated by ca. 36.2 Ma.