bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary medicine: a review of online resources
Authors: Allerton Fergus , Russell James 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
An awareness of antimicrobial resistance and stewardship is important for all prescribers from a One-Health perspective. Educational resources have been created to help veterinary practitioners and encourage an optimized approach to their antimicrobial use.

Objectives
To support veterinarians to select the most appropriate educational resource to meet their personal learning goals in relation to veterinary antimicrobial stewardship (AMS).

Methods
Modular online platforms, developed to promote AMS in veterinary practice (farm and companion animal), were reviewed and key features highlighted, including the required time commitment, resource type, focus and source as well as a subjective evaluation of resource accessibility (according to prior knowledge base).

Results
Five different online courses are described in this educational resource review: Antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary practice; Farm Vet Champions; Farmed Animal Antimicrobial Stewardship Initiative (FAAST); the Pathway of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) for a veterinary services professional; and the VetAMS online learning program. Each of these tools introduces users to key themes of veterinary AMS. Upon completion of any of the courses practitioners should feel confident to assume an active role as proponents of rational antimicrobial use. Significant differences between resources, relating to the focus (companion or farm animal), scope and depth of material covered, are recognized reflecting their respective target audiences.

Conclusions
Several informative and accessible resources, centred on the core principles of veterinary AMS, were reviewed. Key features have been highlighted to inform and guide resource-users towards the most appropriate tool for them. Greater engagement with these educational resources will hopefully contribute to improved antimicrobial prescribing among veterinarians and greater awareness of the importance of stewardship for the profession.
Donor selection for fecal bacterial transplantation and its combined effects with inulin on early growth and ileal development in chicks
Authors: Song Yang , Cui Yibo , Wang Yumeng , Yu Jing , Wang Baolin , Wen Qiongyi , Zheng Xin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
To select the best donor and investigate its combined effects with inulin on growth performance, and ileal health of chicks.

Methods and results
The chicks (Hy-line Brown) were treated with fecal microbiota suspension from different breeder hens to select the best donor. Treatment with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) alone or in combination with inulin resulted in improvement in gut microbiome in chicks. The organ indexes were improved on day 7, especially the bursa of fabricius index (P &lt; 0.05). On day 14, immune performance, ileal morphology, and barrier were improved, and simultaneously, the concentration of short-chain fatty acids was also increased. In addition, for the expression of ileal barrier-related genes, Anaerofustis and Clostridium were positively correlated with them (P &lt; 0.05), Blautia, Prevotella, Veillonella, and Weissella showed a negative correlation (P &lt; 0.05), and RFN20 showed a positive correlation with gut morphology (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Combination of homologous FMT and inulin promoted early growth and intestinal health of chicks.
Copper-inducible expression system for metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli
Authors: Liu Lingrui , Zhang Lu , Wang Junyi , Cao Mingfeng , Yuan Jifeng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
The inducible expression system plays an important role in engineering Escherichia coli for chemical production. However, it still heavily relies on expensive chemical inducers, like IPTG. There is a pressing need to develop alternative expression systems with more affordable inducers.

Materials and results
We herein report a copper-inducible expression system in E. coli based on the two-component Cus system and T7 RNA polymerase (RNAP). By integrating the gene encoding T7 RNAP at the CusC locus, we managed to program eGFP expression under the T7 promoter in response to different concentrations of Cu2+ (0–20 μM). Subsequently, we demonstrated that the copper-inducible expression system was suitable for the metabolic engineering of E. coli toward protocatechuic acid overproduction, and the resulting strain with combined manipulation of the central metabolism via CRISPRi produced 4.12 g L−1 PCA under the optimal copper concentration and induction time.

Conclusions
We have established a copper-inducible T7 RNAP expression system in E. coli. The copper-inducible expression system could rationally control metabolic pathways in a temporal and dose-dependent manner. The gradient expression system based on copper inducer could be widely used in E. coli cell factories, and the design principle reported here would also be applicable in other prokaryotes.
The development and function of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells regulated by metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Zhao Ying , Gao Cuie , Liu Lu , Wang Li , Song Zhiqiang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) that develop from monocytes play a key role in innate inflammatory responses as well as T cell priming. Steady-state moDCs regulate immunogenicity and tolerogenicity by changing metabolic patterns to participate in the body's immune response. Increased glycolytic metabolism after danger signal induction may strengthen moDC immunogenicity, whereas high levels of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation were associated with the immaturity and tolerogenicity of moDCs. In this review, we discuss what is currently known about differential metabolic reprogramming of human moDC development and distinct functional properties.
Impact of jets on kilonova photometric and polarimetric emission from binary neutron star mergers
Authors: Shrestha Manisha , Bulla Mattia , Nativi Lorenzo , Markin Ivan , Rosswog Stephan , Dietrich Tim 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
A merger of binary neutron stars creates heavy unstable elements whose radioactive decay produces a thermal emission known as a kilonova. In this paper, we predict the photometric and polarimetric behaviour of this emission by performing 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations. In particular, we choose three hydrodynamical models for merger ejecta, two including jets with different luminosities and one without a jet structure, to help decipher the impact of jets on the light curve and polarimetric behaviour. In terms of photometry, we find distinct colour evolutions across the three models. Models without a jet show the highest variation in light curves for different viewing angles. In contrast to previous studies, we find models with a jet to produce fainter kilonovae when viewed from orientations close to the jet axis, compared to a model without a jet. In terms of polarimetry, we predict relatively low levels (≲0.3–0.4 per cent) at all orientations that, however, remain non-negligible until a few days after the merger and longer than previously found. Despite the low levels, we find that the presence of a jet enhances the degree of polarization at wavelengths ranging from 0.25 to $2.5\rm{\mu m}$, an effect that is found to increase with the jet luminosity. Thus, future photometric and polarimetric campaigns should observe kilonovae in blue and red filters for a few days after the merger to help constrain the properties of the ejecta (e.g. composition) and jet.
Tidal capture of an asteroid by a magnetar: FRB-like bursts, glitch, and antiglitch
Authors: Wu Qin , Zhao Zhen-Yin , Wang Fa-Yin 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Recently, remarkable antiglitch and glitch accompanied by bright radio bursts of the Galactic magnetar SGR J1935+2154 were discovered. These two infrequent temporal coincidences between the glitch/antiglitch and the fast radio burst (FRB)-like bursts reveal their physical connection of them. Here, we propose that the antiglitch/glitch and FRB-like bursts can be well understood by an asteroid tidally captured by a magnetar. In this model, an asteroid is tidally captured and disrupted by a magnetar. Then, the disrupted asteroid will transfer the angular momentum to the magnetar producing a sudden change in the magnetar rotational frequency at the magnetosphere radius. If the orbital angular momentum of the asteroid is parallel (or antiparallel) to that of the spinning magnetar, a glitch (or antiglitch) will occur. Subsequently, the bound asteroid materials fall back to the pericentre and eventually are accreted to the surface of the magnetar. Massive fragments of the asteroid cross magnetic field lines and produce bright radio bursts through coherent curvature radiation. Our model can explain the sudden magnetar spin changes and FRB-like bursts in a unified way.
Protection of Catalytic Cofactors by Polypeptides as a Driver for the Emergence of Primordial Enzymes
Authors: Gutierrez-Rus Luis I , Gamiz-Arco Gloria , Gavira J A , Gaucher Eric A , Risso Valeria A , Sanchez-Ruiz Jose M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Enzymes catalyze the chemical reactions of life. For nearly half of known enzymes, catalysis requires the binding of small molecules known as cofactors. Polypeptide-cofactor complexes likely formed at a primordial stage and became starting points for the evolution of many efficient enzymes. Yet, evolution has no foresight so the driver for the primordial complex formation is unknown. Here, we use a resurrected ancestral TIM-barrel protein to identify one potential driver. Heme binding at a flexible region of the ancestral structure yields a peroxidation catalyst with enhanced efficiency when compared to free heme. This enhancement, however, does not arise from protein-mediated promotion of catalysis. Rather, it reflects the protection of bound heme from common degradation processes and a resulting longer lifetime and higher effective concentration for the catalyst. Protection of catalytic cofactors by polypeptides emerges as a general mechanism to enhance catalysis and may have plausibly benefited primordial polypeptide-cofactor associations.
Systematic assessment of hexavalent chromium-induced damage to male fertility and the preventive role of melatonin: a longitudinal study from the translational point of view
Authors: Li Tianjiao , Lv Yinghua , Wu Zhili , Guo Ming , Liu Ruifang , Zeng Wenxian , Zheng Yi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chromium (Cr) and its compounds are closely associated with individuals’ lives and extensively used in industry. Excessive exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) induces oxidative damage of various organs including the testes, posing a serious threat to male reproductive fitness. As an endogenous antioxidant, melatonin holds potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, becoming a potential candidate for treatment of a variety of diseases, including reproductive disorders. Here, by using a mouse model, we systematically assessed Cr(VI)-induced damage to male fertility as well as the preventive role of melatonin. We analyzed the histology and pathology of the testis and epididymis, the density, viability, and malformation of caudal epididymal sperm, the proliferative activity and apoptosis of various spermatogenic subtypes and Sertoli cells, as well as the fertility of mice at five timepoints within one cycle of spermatogenesis (Days 0, 14, 21, 28, and 35) post 14 days of Cr(VI) and/or melatonin intraperitoneal injection. We identified that the testicular damage caused by Cr(VI) persisted to Day 21 after administration and then started to be alleviated, with clear alleviation on Day 35. Pretreatment with melatonin evidently reduced Cr(VI)-induced testicular damage and accelerated spermatogenic restoration, generating an almost normal phenotype on Day 35. Melatonin pretreatment also retained the sperm quality at all time points investigated. Moreover, melatonin to some extent preserved the fertility of Cr(VI)-treated mice without apparent side effects. The findings shed light on the future clinical application of melatonin as a therapeutic agent for environmental heavy metal toxicant-induced male subfertility or infertility.
Colchicine-responsive chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis associated with familial Mediterranean fever in the presence of MEFV mutation: A case report
Authors: Izumikawa Miharu , Kato Mikiya , Wakiya Risa , Kameda Tomohiro , Nakashima Shusaku , Shimada Hiromi , Miyagi Taichi , Sugihara Koichi , Ushio Yusuke , Mino Rina , Mizusaki Mao , Chujo Kanako , Hiraishi Takashi , Kadowaki Norimitsu , Dobashi Hiroaki 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
A 38-year-old female was referred with a history of fever, polyarthralgia, and bone pain. She was diagnosed with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis based on imaging and biopsy findings. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and bisphosphonate caused no improvement. Then, she developed recurrent diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Genetic testing revealed MEFV mutation. Based on the symptoms and genetic mutation results that emerged during the course of these events, she was diagnosed with familial Mediterranean fever. All symptoms, including bone pain, improved with daily colchicine administration. This case was considered familial Mediterranean fever complicated with a clinical diagnosis of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, which is included in the spectrum of pyrine autoinflammatory diseases. Considering this case, patients with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis with MEFV gene variants may respond to colchicine.
Visual comet scoring revisited: a guide to scoring comet assay slides and obtaining reliable results
Authors: Møller Peter , Azqueta Amaya , Sanz-Serrano Julen , Bakuradze Tamara , Richling Elke , Eyluel Bankoglu Ezgi , Stopper Helga , Claudino Bastos Victoria , Langie Sabine A S , Jensen Annie , Scavone Francesca , Giovannelli Lisa , Wojewódzka Maria , Kruszewski Marcin , Valdiglesias Vanessa , Laffon Blanca , Costa Carla , Costa Solange , Teixeira João Paulo , Marino Mirko , Del Bo Cristian , Riso Patrizia , Zheng Congying , Shaposhnikov Sergey , Collins Andrew 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Measurement of DNA migration in the comet assay can be done by image analysis or visual scoring. The latter accounts for 20%–25% of the published comet assay results. Here we assess the intra- and inter-investigator variability in visual scoring of comets. We include three training sets of comet images, which can be used as reference for researchers who wish to use visual scoring of comets. Investigators in 11 different laboratories scored the comet images using a five-class scoring system. There is inter-investigator variation in the three training sets of comets (i.e. coefficient of variation (CV) = 9.7%, 19.8%, and 15.2% in training sets I–III, respectively). However, there is also a positive correlation of inter-investigator scoring in the three training sets (r = 0.60). Overall, 36% of the variation is attributed to inter-investigator variation and 64% stems from intra-investigator variation in scoring between comets (i.e. the comets in training sets I–III look slightly different and this gives rise to heterogeneity in scoring). Intra-investigator variation in scoring was also assessed by repeated analysis of the training sets by the same investigator. There was larger variation when the training sets were scored over a period of six months (CV = 5.9%–9.6%) as compared to 1 week (CV = 1.3%–6.1%). A subsequent study revealed a high inter-investigator variation when premade slides, prepared in a central laboratory, were stained and scored by investigators in different laboratories (CV = 105% and 18%–20% in premade slides with comets from unexposed and hydrogen peroxide-exposed cells, respectively). The results indicate that further standardization of visual scoring is desirable. Nevertheless, the analysis demonstrates that visual scoring is a reliable way of analysing DNA migration in comets.
Association between CKD-MBD and mortality in older patients with advanced CKD—results from the EQUAL study
Authors: Magagnoli Lorenza , Cozzolino Mario , Caskey Fergus J , Evans Marie , Torino Claudia , Porto Gaetana , Szymczak Maciej , Krajewska Magdalena , Drechsler Christiane , Stenvinkel Peter , Pippias Maria , Dekker Friedo W , de Rooij Esther N M , Wanner Christoph , Chesnaye Nicholas C , Jager Kitty J ,   the EQUAL study investigators
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a common complication of CKD; it is associated with higher mortality in dialysis patients, while its impact in non-dialysis patients remains mostly unknown. We investigated the associations between parathyroid hormone (PTH), phosphate and calcium (and their interactions), and all-cause, cardiovascular (CV) and non-CV mortality in older non-dialysis patients with advanced CKD.

Methods
We used data from the European Quality study, which includes patients aged ≥65 years with estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤20 mL/min/1.73 m2 from six European countries. Sequentially adjusted Cox models were used to assess the association between baseline and time-dependent CKD-MBD biomarkers and all-cause, CV and non-CV mortality. Effect modification between biomarkers was also assessed.

Results
In 1294 patients, the prevalence of CKD-MBD at baseline was 94%. Both PTH [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.23, P = .01] and phosphate (aHR 1.35, 95% CI 1.00–1.84, P = .05), but not calcium (aHR 1.11, 95% CI 0.57–2.17, P = .76), were associated with all-cause mortality. Calcium was not independently associated with mortality, but modified the effect of phosphate, with the highest mortality risk found in patients with both hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. PTH level was associated with CV mortality, but not with non-CV mortality, whereas phosphate was associated with both CV and non-CV mortality in most models.

Conclusions
CKD-MBD is very common in older non-dialysis patients with advanced CKD. PTH and phosphate are independently associated with all-cause mortality in this population. While PTH level is only associated with CV mortality, phosphate seems to be associated with both CV and non-CV mortality.
Plasma arginine metabolites in health and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Au Amy Y M , Mantik Kevin , Bahadory Forough , Stathakis Paul , Guiney Hayley , Erlich Jonathan , Walker Robert , Poulton Richie , Horvath Andrea Rita , Endre Zoltan H 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Elevated plasma asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA and SDMA) are risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease. Using plasma cystatin C (pCYSC)-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) trajectories, we identified a cohort at high risk of poor kidney-related health outcomes amongst members of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study (DMHDS). We therefore examined associations between methylarginine metabolites and kidney function in this cohort.

Methods
ADMA, SDMA, L-arginine and L-citrulline were measured in plasma samples from 45-year-olds in the DMHDS cohort by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

Results
In a healthy DMHDS subset (n = 376), mean concentrations were: ADMA (0.40 ± 0.06 µmol/L), SDMA (0.42 ± 0.06 µmol/L), L-arginine (93.5 ± 23.1 µmol/L) and L-citrulline (24.0 ± 5.4 µmol/L). In the total cohort (n = 857), SDMA correlated positively with serum creatinine (Pearson's r = 0.55) and pCYSC (r = 0.55), and negatively with eGFR (r = 0.52). A separate cohort of 38 patients with stage 3–4 CKD (eGFR 15–60 mL/min/1.73 m2) confirmed significantly higher mean ADMA (0.61 ± 0.11 µmol/L), SDMA (0.65 ± 0.25 µmol/L) and L-citrulline (42.7 ± 11.8 µmol/L) concentrations. DMHDS members classified as high-risk of poor kidney health outcomes had significantly higher mean concentrations of all four metabolites compared with individuals not at risk. ADMA and SDMA individually predicted high-risk of poor kidney health outcomes with areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) of 0.83 and 0.84, and together with an AUC of 0.90.

Conclusions
Plasma methylarginine concentrations facilitate stratification for risk of CKD progression.
Associations with age and glomerular filtration rate in a referred population with chronic kidney disease: methods and baseline data from a UK multicentre cohort study (NURTuRE-CKD)
Authors: Taal Maarten W , Lucas Bethany , Roderick Paul , Cockwell Paul , Wheeler David C , Saleem Moin A , Fraser Simon D S , Banks Rosamonde E , Johnson Tim , Hale Lorna J , Andag Uwe , Skroblin Philipp , Bayerlova Michaela , Unwin Robert , Vuilleumier Nicolas , Dusaulcy Rodolphe , Robertson Fiona , Colby Elizabeth , Pitcher David , Braddon Fiona , Benavente Melissa , Davies Elaine , Nation Michael , Kalra Philip A 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common but heterogenous and is associated with multiple adverse outcomes. The National Unified Renal Translational Research Enterprise (NURTuRE)-CKD cohort was established to investigate risk factors for clinically important outcomes in persons with CKD referred to secondary care.

Methods
Eligible participants with CKD stages G3–4 or stages G1–2 plus albuminuria &gt;30 mg/mmol were enrolled from 16 nephrology centres in England, Scotland and Wales from 2017 to 2019. Baseline assessment included demographic data, routine laboratory data and research samples. Clinical outcomes are being collected over 15 years by the UK Renal Registry using established data linkage. Baseline data are presented with subgroup analysis by age, sex and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Results
A total of 2996 participants was enrolled. Median (interquartile range) age was 66 (54–74) years, eGFR 33.8 (24.0–46.6) mL/min/1.73 m2 and urine albumin to creatinine ratio 209 (33–926) mg/g; 58.5% were male. Of these participants, 1883 (69.1%) were in high-risk CKD categories. Primary renal diagnosis was CKD of unknown cause in 32.3%, glomerular disease in 23.4% and diabetic kidney disease in 11.5%. Older participants and those with lower eGFR had higher systolic blood pressure and were less likely to be treated with renin–angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) but were more likely to receive a statin. Female participants were less likely to receive a RASi or statin.

Conclusions
NURTuRE-CKD is a prospective cohort of persons who are at relatively high risk of adverse outcomes. Long-term follow-up and a large biorepository create opportunities for research to improve risk prediction and to investigate underlying mechanisms to inform new treatment development.