bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of gas breakdown characteristics in porous dielectric and theoretical analysis based on the capillary network model
Authors: Chen Kai , Yao Chenguo , Mao Yilong , Wu Feiyu , Chen Yue , Dong Shoulong , Wang Hao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Gas discharge in heterogeneous porous dielectric (PD) is becoming a reliable and popular low-temperature plasma technique in surface modification and plasma catalysis. However, the exact breakdown characteristics in the PD are not well studied due to experimental and diagnostic limitations. In this paper, a fluid model is then used to simulate the gas breakdown characteristics in real PD. It is found that the breakdown will selectively occur in PDs. The spatial distribution of PD determines regions of local breakdown. Variations in pressure result in the rearrangement of breakdown probability in each region of PD so that breakdown regions will change. In order to explain the selective breakdown phenomenon, based on the assumption that a PD can be simplified into a network consisting of multiple tortuous capillaries, we developed a theoretical model of the breakdown in a capillary network. Three geometrical factors, i.e. capillary tortuosity, capillary radius, and line porosity, are taken into the model to account for the effect of electric field distortion and electron loss on the dielectric walls in the presence of PD. The calculated results explain the selective breakdown phenomenon occurring in the numerical simulation. This paper simulates the breakdown in a real PD and provides a quantitative theoretical model to analyze the geometrical effect of PD on the breakdown. This paper will also provide insights into the design of optimal parameters for porous dielectric discharge in surface modification and plasma catalysis.
Classification of different post-hyperdoping treatments for enhanced crystallinity of IR-sensitive femtosecond-laser processed silicon
Authors: Paulus Simon , Roser Michael , McKearney Patrick , Will Matthias , Schäfer Sören , Kontermann Stefan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Crystalline silicon becomes photosensitive and absorbing in the sub-bandgap spectral region if hyperdoped, i.e. supersaturated to a level above the solubility limit in thermal equilibrium, by deep impurities, such as sulfur. Here we apply femtosecond laserpulses to crystalline silicon in a SF6 atmosphere as hyperdoping method. The ultrashort laser pulses cause crystal damage and amorphous phases that would decrease quantum efficiency in a potential optoelectronic device application. We investigate five different post-hyperdoping methods: three etching techniques (ion beam etching IBE, reactive ion etching RIE, and wet-chemical etching HNA) as well as ns-annealing and minute-long thermal annealing and study their impact on crystallinity by Raman spectroscopy and absorptance in the visible and near infrared wavelength regime. We use femtosecond laser hyperdoped silicon (fs-hSi) with two different levels of surface roughness to study a potential dependence on the impact of post-treatments. In our investigation, ns-annealing leads to the best results, characterized by a high Raman crystallinity and a high remaining absorptance in the sub-bandgap spectral region of silicon. Within the used etching methods IBE outperforms the other etching methods above a certain level of fs-hSi surface roughness. We relate this to the specific anisotropic material removal behavior of the IBE technique and back this up with simulations of the effect of the various etching processes.
High-performance flexible pentacene transistor memory with PTCDI-C13 as N-type buffer layer
Authors: Wu Lei , Yu Tianpeng , Liu Zhenliang , Wang Yiru , Wan ZuTeng , Yin Jiang , Xia Yidong , Liu Zhiguo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Flexible organic field-effect transistor nonvolatile memories (OFET-NVMs) with polymer electrets have aroused great attention for its important role in next-generation flexible data storage devices application. However, the OFET-NVMs to date still hardly reach the requirements for practical applications. In air environment, the positively charged defects formed in pentacene near the interface with polymer, result in unsatisfied high programming/erasing (P/E) voltages. Here, we propose an OFET memory structure, in which an n-type semiconductor N, N′-Bis(3-pentyl) perylene-3, 4, 9, 10-bis(dicarboximide) (PTCDI-C13) is inserted between pentacene and poly(4-vinyl phenol. Based on the electrostatic induction effect, electrons are induced on the surface of PTCDI-C13 due to the electrostatic field generated by the positive charges at the interface of pentacene/polymer, and compensate part of the positive charges at the interface, resulting in the reduction of the height of hole-barrier. The flexible memory device with PTCDI-C13 exhibits a memory window of larger than 7 V at P/E voltages (±20 V), fast switching speeds (0.5 ms), good P/E endurance (>400 cycles), large field-effect mobility (0.026 cm2 V−1 s−1), and long retention time (over 104 s).
Energy efficient ternary computation unit using differential spin Hall effect MRAM
Authors: Soni Sandeep , Verma Gaurav , Kaushik Brajesh Kumar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recent advances in quantized neural networks (QNNs) have paved the way for energy efficient hardware architectures for machine learning tasks. Binary and ternary QNNs are suitable for image classification and recognition applications on highly resource constrained hardware. Binary neural networks have low precision thus suffer a significant accuracy loss for dense networks and large datasets. This issue can be resolved through ternary neural networks (TNNs) with higher weight precision and better resource utilization. TNN implementation using conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor and memristive devices show limited improvement in area and energy efficiency. Spintronics based magnetic random access memory (MRAM) devices are the most prominent choice amongst the various non-volatile memories for neural networks. This work presents the implementation of differential spin Hall effect (DSHE) MRAM-based two and three input ternary computation units (TCUs) for TNN. Furthermore, a multilayer perceptron architecture with synaptic crossbar array using the proposed TCU is implemented for Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology data classification. The results show that DSHE-based TCU is 30% more energy efficient as compared with spin-transfer torque (STT)-MRAM based design. Furthermore, DSHE-MRAM based TNN shows improvement in energy and area by 82% and 9%, respectively, when compared to STT-based TNN.
Recessed-gate AlGaN/GaN MIS-FETs with dual 2DEG channels
Authors: Hsu Hao-Ching , Xie Hong-Gang , Hsin Yue-Ming 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, a normally-on AlGaN/GaN metal–insulator-semiconductor high electron mobility transistor (MIS-HEMT) and a normally-off AlGaN/GaN metal–insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MIS-FET) with recessed MIS gate are fabricated by dual-channel epitaxy structure. The recessed region is cleaned by dipping it into diluted buffered oxide etch (BOE), HCl, and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solutions. After cleaning, a 20 nm Al2O3 is deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Then, the post-deposition annealing is executed. Non-recessed MIS-HEMT demonstrates a threshold voltage of −9.81 V, a high drain current of 660.76 mA mm−1, and a small on-resistance of 6.47 Ω mm. Recessed gate MIS-FET shows a positive threshold voltage of 1.46 V with a drain current of 144.81 mA mm−1. In addition, the devices present a high gate breakdown voltage of 26.5 V by non-recessed MIS-HEMT and 18.5 V by recessed MIS-FET. Both devices show a low I–V hysteresis under double sweep I
D–V
GS measurement.
A low-cost flexible piezoresistive sensor with high sensitivity and broad detection range based on porous random microstructures for wearable electronics
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Zhang Xiaopeng , Zhang Xia , Li Liping 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Due to their simple structures and high sensitivity, flexible piezoresistive sensors have great potential for physiological monitoring, tactile recognition of prosthetics, and electronic skin. Here, a flexible piezoresistive sensor based on porous random microstructures and having high sensitivity and a wide detection range is proposed. Conductive carbon black was used as an active filler and thermoplastic expandable microspheres and sandpaper were used as templates for the fabrication of the pore structures and random microstructures of the substrates, respectively. Synergistic interactions between these two components in the sensor led to a high sensitivity of 11.02 kPa−1 (0–6 kPa), wide measuring range (0–30 kPa), rapid response time (<200 ms), and long-term durability (>2000 cycles). The sensor was effective for monitoring a variety of hand movements, including bending of the fingers and wrist. In addition, the sensors were effective when attached to a robotic hand to simulate the traditional Chinese medicine pulse diagnosis and to grasp objects. This device thus has broad application prospects in the field of human-machine interactions and robot teleoperation.
Monitoring mechanical behaviors of CLT connections under reciprocating loading based on PZT-enabled active sensing and machine learning algorithms
Authors: Gao Weihang , Zhang Caiyan , Chen Lin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Monitoring the mechanical behaviors of cross-laminated timber (CLT) connections is of great importance to the condition assessment of timber structures. To date, numerous research works have demonstrated that Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)-enabled active sensing approaches can achieve structural healthy state monitoring under monotonic loads, whereas their effectiveness for reciprocating loads still needs to be further studied. Moreover, traditional PZT-enabled active sensing approaches depend on prior knowledge and human judgment, restricting their field applications. Based on the above background, this research proposes an innovative method to monitor the mechanical behaviors of CLT connections under reciprocating loading by integrating PZT-enabled active sensing and eight machine learning (ML) approaches. Meanwhile, a new damage index based on wavelet packet decomposition and multiple signal path fusion is designed to improve the performance of ML methods. Finally, cyclic loading tests on CLT connections are conducted to demonstrate the outstanding capabilities of the proposed method than conventional PZT-enabled active sensing approaches.
Synergistic composites energy harvester beams based on hybrid ZnO/PZT piezoelectric nanomaterials
Authors: Furnes Simon , Al-Haik Marwan , Philen Michael 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study aims at elucidating the synergistic effect of the hybridization of two piezoelectric materials: zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) and a thin film of lead zirconium titanate (PZT), on the mechanical and energy harvesting performance of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites beams. Novel synthesis techniques were utilized to develop energy-harvesting composite beams with surface-grown ZnO NWs and sputtered PZT thin films. While not an extraordinarily strong piezoelectric material, ZnO NWs enhanced the strength and damping parameter of the composite due to the increased surface area and mechanical interlocking. The composite comprising two piezoelectric materials showed a substantial gain in stiffness, a 25.8% increase compared to plain composite without piezoelectric materials. The hybrid composite energy harvester based on PZT/ZnO NWs exhibited a significant electric power gain of 733.94% more than that for beams with ZnO NWs compared to 44% improvement for a beam utilizing only PZT. Using PZT thin films with ZnO NWs on carbon fiber could yield a high-performance hybrid composite with excellent mechanical properties and energy harvesting capabilities.
Auxeticity modifications and unit cell doubling in Yukawa fcc crystals with [001]-nanochannels filled by hard spheres
Authors: Tretiakov Konstantin V , Pigłowski Paweł M , Wojciechowski Krzysztof W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In recent years, the investigation of auxetic materials is receiving more and more attention due to their wide range of applications which follow enhancing indentation resistance, toughness, shear resistance, and other advantages of such materials. This work reports results of studies of models of auxetic metamaterials with nanoinclusions. Yukawa crystals with nanoinclusions in the form of nanochannels (NCs) in the [001] crystallographic direction, filled by hard spheres, were simulated by Monte Carlo in a wide range of pressures to determine their elastic properties. Particular attention has been devoted to the Poisson’s ratio (PR). It has been found that depending on the NCs’ type and pressure, the value of PR can vary from −0.302(12) to 1.083(14). The microscopic structures of the crystals were also examined in detail. A solid-solid phase transition in a host-guest system (the Yukawa crystal with hard spheres) was observed. Interestingly, this phase transition generates a unit cell doubling along the NCs. To localize this phase transition, apart from studies of the structure, the PR as a sensitive indicator of the phase transition was applied. In addition, it was found that the studied Yukawa systems with nanoinclusions for certain pressure values are completely non-auxetic, despite both the Yukawa and hard sphere crystals without inclusions are partially auxetic at the same conditions. This indicates that the presence of [001] NCs in the system not only can enhance auxeticity in comparison to the system without NCs but also, at some thermodynamic conditions, can lead to a completely non-auxetic behavior of the system which is partially auxetic without the NCs. Hence, one can use NCs to tune auxetic properties of crystals.
Anomalous temperature dependence of multiple Andreev reflections in a topological insulator Josephson junction
Authors: Schmitt Tobias W , Frohn Benedikt , Wittl Wilhelm , Jalil Abdur R , Schleenvoigt Michael , Zimmermann Erik , Schmidt Anne , Schäpers Thomas , Cuevas Juan Carlos , Brinkman Alexander , Grützmacher Detlev , Schüffelgen Peter 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As a promising platform for unconventional superconductivity, Josephson junctions (JJs) of tetradymite topological insulators (TIs) and s-wave superconductors have been investigated in recent years. This family of TI materials, however, often suffers from spurious bulk transport, which hampers the observation of the exotic physics of their topological surface states. Thus, disentangling the transport mechanism of bulk and surface contributions in TI JJs is of high importance when investigating proximity induced superconductivity in those crystals. In this work, we add to the insights regarding these contributions by studying the temperature-dependent behaviour of a Bi2Te3-based JJ with transparent interfaces. In electrical transport measurements, we investigate differential conductance spectra of multiple Andreev reflections (MARs) and find a qualitative temperature-dependent change from peak features at low temperatures to dip features at higher ones. The observation of both kind of MAR patterns in a single JJ suggests contributions of diffusive bulk and ballistic surface states and links to a similar finding in the temperature dependence of the critical current. Our work advances the research of induced superconductivity in TIs and offers new avenues to study the induced superconductivity in the topological surface states of these materials.
Effect of carbon doping on magnetic flux pinning and superconducting performance in FeSe0.5Te0.5 single crystals
Authors: Zhang J , Hänisch Jens , Yang X S , Zhao K , Zhao Y 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A series of carbon-doped single crystals with nominal composition FeSe0.5Te0.5 were synthesized by a self-flux method. X-ray diffraction indicated that the lattice parameter c increases with increasing carbon content, suggesting that carbon atoms enter the lattice. The critical current densities were measured and the flux pinning mechanism and its change with doping were analyzed. These samples showed a higher J
c in high magnetic fields as well as a narrower superconducting transition. We studied the impact of the introduction of carbon into FeSe0.5Te0.5 on the temperature dependence of the irreversibility field H
irr(T) and upper critical field (H
c2). The pinning mechanism for the system was obtained via analysis of J
c.
Shell-model Study of Two-neutrino Double-Beta Decay for Z = 40–50 Nuclei and their SSD Properties
Authors: Jia Juanjuan , Li Hantao , Dong Chengwei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, large-scheme shell-model calculations are carried out for two-neutrino double-beta decay of Z = 40–50 nuclei (94Zr, 96Zr, 98Mo, 104Ru, 108Cd, and 116Cd). Within this region, only the half-lives of nuclei 96Zr and 116Cd are experimentally known. The calculated results agree well with experimental data and we predict the half-lives for the remaining four nuclei. Among them, 94Zr and 104Ru have relatively short half-lives of 4.57 × 1023 and 9.83 × 1023 years, respectively, together with large abundance, and are expected to be detected in the near future. By analyzing the convergence of nuclear matrix elements, special attention is paid to their single-state dominance (SSD) property. Here, a new SSD nucleus, i.e., 94Zr, is found, which is a supplement to the previous SSD nuclei list.
Boron carbon oxynitride coated arc-shaped fiber as an optical modulator for passively mode-locked fiber lasers at 1.5 and 2 μm wavelength
Authors: Ahmad H , Nizamani B , Sekar S , Samion M Z , Yusoff N , Venkataprasad Bhat S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have recently been explored as potential saturable absorbers (SAs) due to their remarkable optoelectronic and nonlinear optical properties. In this work, we have experimentally reported 2D boron carbon oxynitride (BCNO) as a potential mode-locker in erbium-(EDFL) and thulium-doped fiber lasers (TDFL) for the first time. The BCNO-coated arc-shaped fiber was explored as a novel optical loss modulator and exhibited a modulation depth of 8.2% and 5% at 1.5 μm and 2 μm, respectively. Mode-locking was achieved by the BCNO-coated arc-shaped fiber in EDFL having a pulse width, repetition rate, and center wavelength of 1.56 ps, 19.14 MHz, and 1562.2 nm, respectively. Mode-locked pulses of 1.456 ps duration were achieved by incorporating BCNO-coated arc-shaped fiber in TDFL, operated at center wavelength, repetition rate, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 1944 nm, 13 MHz, and 70.3 dB, respectively. These results prove BCNO to be a promising low-cost 2D material to be further explored for laser-related applications.
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using pulsed laser ablation in liquid: a review
Authors: Ganash Entesar A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) is an important method for synthesizing metal nanoparticles (NPs). Recently, it has garnered increasing interest as it is simple, rapid, and ecofriendly. Herein, PLAL is proposed as an approach to produce varied sizes of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) because NP size plays a vital role in their characteristics and several applications in the physical, chemical, biological, and medical fields. In PLAL, metal NP size could be controlled by either adjusting the laser parameters, such as wavelength, energy, fluence, reptation rate, ablation time, and focusing lens, or by modifying the ablation solvent properties. Herein, PLAL is proved as an effective and simple method for fabricating Ag NPs. This can provide guidance for synthesizing nanomaterials in diverse sizes, types, and shapes for applications in different fields.
Internal combustion engine test plan execution order optimization using Travelling Salesman Problem heuristics approach
Authors: Mrdja Predrag , Kitanovic Marko , Miljic Nenad , Popovic Slobodan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
For a given internal combustion (IC) engine stationary test plan, significant time savings during its realization could be achieved if the sequence of test points execution is adequately determined. The criterion for stabilizing the engine operating point is determined by the magnitude of the change in the most inert parameter, and in the general case, it is the temperature of the engine exhaust gases. A certain level of prior knowledge about the examined object is necessary to conduct such an analysis. If there are no results from previous tests, simulation models, or experiences, the Slow Dynamic Slope (SDS) tests are a great way to quickly gather the necessary information. The task of finding the optimal sequence for a stationary engine testing plan can be set as Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). This paper will present the application of one of the heuristic methods for solving the TSP on the example of testing the IC engine, which is a very complex dynamic system. Following this model, it is possible to optimize the stationary test plan for any other dynamic system. The basic idea is to find such a sequence of stationary operating points, during the realization of which a minor deviation of the engine exhaust gas temperature is obtained, resulting in the operating point's shortest stabilization time.
Numerical analysis of intake port modification onto fluid flow pattern and flame propagation in particular combustion chamber
Authors: Masoničić Z , Grujić I , Davinić A , Savić S , Pešić R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It is known for a long time that inlet port geometry has a great influence onto fluid flow pattern and flame propagation in spark ignition IC engines. In this paper only the initial results of the very complex study on the effects that proposed inlet port modification has onto the in-cylinder flow processes including the combustion stage, in particular. The study mentioned below incorporates state of the art multidimensional numerical modelling of reactive flow in the inlet port and combustion chamber geometry layout with moving boundaries of spark ignition IC engine with two valves. The main objective of this study is to investigate the possibilities for improvement the IC engine output characteristics through the inlet port modifications. Bearing in mind that flame propagation through unburnt mixture of spark ignition IC engine is primarily controlled by dint of turbulence diffusion, it is of prime importance for engine optimization to correctly identify the influence of certain types of organized flows onto the fluid flow pattern and flame propagation. The efforts for improvement have to be aimed on the type of organized flow or eventually their combination that is of prime importance for further development of the in-cylinder processes and combustion stage.
A review of hypereutectic aluminum piston materials
Authors: Miladinovic Slavica , Stojanović Blaža , Gajević Sandra , Ivanović Lozica , Skulić Aleksandar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Demands of today’s automotive industry are increasing; there is a constant tendency of weight reduction and higher reliability of constructions. Pistons and piston liners for vehicles are mostly manufactured from aluminum-silicon alloys. With different manufacturing methods and/or the addition of some chemical elements, base alloy properties can be modified. Methods for hypereutectic aluminum alloys and composites manufacturing and their influence on material properties will be given in this paper. The influence of Si percentage in base alloy and how an addition of some chemical elements affects the properties of these materials will be observed as well.