bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steering the Selectivity of Electrocatalytic Glucose Oxidation by the Pt Oxidation State
Authors: van der Ham Matthijs P. J. M. , van Keulen Ellis , Koper Marc T. M. , Tashvigh Akbar Asadi , Bitter Johannes H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractElectrocatalytic glucose oxidation can produce high value chemicals, but selectivity needs to be improved. Here we elucidate the role of the Pt oxidation state on the activity and selectivity of electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose with a new analytical approach, using high‐pressure liquid chromatography and high‐pressure anion exchange chromatography. It was found that the type of oxidation, i.e. dehydrogenation of primary and secondary alcohol groups or oxygen transfer to aldehyde groups, strongly depends on the Pt oxidation state. Pt0 has a 7‐fold higher activity for dehydrogenation reactions than for oxidation reactions, while PtOx is equally active for both reactions. Thus, Pt0 promotes glucose dialdehyde formation, while PtOx favors gluconate formation. The successive dehydrogenation of gluconate is achieved selectively at the primary alcohol group by Pt0, while PtOx also promotes the dehydrogenation of secondary alcohol groups, resulting in more complex reaction mixtures.
Regio‐ and Z‐Selective Alkyne Hydroamination and Hydrophenoxylation using Tetrafluoro‐λ6‐Sulfanyl Alkynes under Superbasic, Naked Anion Conditions
Authors: Aggarwal Trapti , Hada Kenshiro , Murata Yusuke , Sumii Yuji , Tanagawa Kazuhiro , Niina Kiyoteru , Mori Soichiro , Escorihuela Jorge , Shibata Norio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlkyne hydroamination is an effective approach for the production of enamines and enamine‐containing N‐heterocycles. However, stereoselectivity control is a considerable challenge in this reaction because of the electronic repulsion between an incoming nitrogen lone pair and the alkyne π‐system. Herein, we propose a methodology involving β‐regio‐ and Z‐selective alkyne hydroamination by using tetrafluoro‐λ6‐sulfanyl (SF4) alkynes under superbasic, naked anion conditions. The reaction is compatible with a wide variety of N‐heterocycles, including indoles, carbazoles, pyrazoles, and imidazoles, and selectively furnishes SF4‐linked Z‐vinyl enamines with β‐regioselectively. Moreover, the method can be extended to the β‐ and Z‐controlled, base‐mediated alkyne hydrophenoxylation with phenols to provide SF4‐linked Z‐vinyl ethers in high yields. As the SF4 unit has attracted attention as a bioisostere for alkynes, p‐benzenes, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl (BCP) groups, and cubanes in medicinal chemistry, this chemistry represents an effective approach to creating novel drug candidates incorporating SF4‐containing molecules.
Achieving anti‐moisture absorption and high thermal properties in bio‐based polyamide 56/F‐based heat‐resistant agent composites through crystal regulation
Authors: He Lulu , An Taofang , He Min , Fan Qiao , Yang Jifei , Liu Yufei , Qin Shuhao , Yu Jie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe anti‐moisture absorption and thermal properties of bio‐based polyamide 56 (PA56) were improved by adding heat‐resistant agents to expand its application in the automotive field. Two macromolecular heat‐resistant agents, p(N‐(4‐F‐phenylmaleimide)‐alt‐styrene) (PFS) and p(N‐(4‐F‐phenylmaleimide)‐alt‐triallyl isocyanurate) (PFT), were synthesized via precipitation polymerization, and their effects on the thermal properties, mechanical properties, and anti‐moisture absorption of PA56 were studied. Compared with PA56, the heat deflection temperature of PA56/PFS and PA56/PFT composites was improved by 11.9% and 21.2%, with their anti‐moisture absorption increasing by 14.6% and 15.5%, respectively. This is due to the crystallization of PA56 has been promoted and its more complete crystal structure has been obtained.
Research on the thermal oxygen aging mechanism of the composite curing system epoxy asphalt with different curing agent proportions on the molecular scale
Authors: Li Mingyue , Min Zhaohui , Shi Zhiyong , Wang Qichang , Huang Wei , Shao Kaimo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo study the influence of the cross‐linking network on the thermal oxygen aging performance of the epoxy asphalt, the laser copolymerization microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and element analysis tests were used to characterize the changes in chemical components of epoxy asphalt with composite curing system during thermal oxygen aging. According to the changes in chemical components, the epoxy asphalt molecular models were constructed. The diffusion behavior of oxygen atoms was analyzed, the aging degree was determined. Moreover, the Tg and radial distribution function were calculated to determine the effect of aging on the low‐temperature performance and component distribution of epoxy asphalt. The results show that a proper proportion of curing agent helped to uniform distribution of the asphalt phase. The rise in anhydride curing agent content increased the density of crosslinking network, limited the diffusion of oxygen atoms, and contributed to the resistance of epoxy asphalt chemical components to thermal oxygen aging. However, the high proportion of anhydride aggravated the oxidation reaction of the asphalt phase due to the uneven coating of the asphalt phase. After thermal oxygen aging, the distribution of asphaltene and epoxy resin phase showed a concomitant phenomenon due to polarity adsorption.
Effects of using superheroes in an undergraduate human anatomy curriculum
Authors: Grachan Jeremy J. , Marek Mason , Cray James , Quinn Melissa M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStudents often find human anatomy courses to be difficult due to the large amount of content covered at a fast pace, which can result in students failing to retain pertinent information. Superheroes are at the forefront of today's popular culture, with many students identifying with specific characters. Utilizing aspects of students' lives, or their agency, that they can resonate with in the classroom, such as their interests in superheroes or personal connections to fictional characters, may help drive students' motivation to learn course content. This study investigated if the use of superheroes in an anatomy curriculum helped undergraduate students learn, apply, and improve their anatomical knowledge. Two courses at The Ohio State University—Columbus Campus, one with a superhero‐based curriculum and one with a traditional anatomy curriculum were compared over three semesters using quizzes and survey data. Results from this project found that the use of superheroes/pop culture in anatomy education is an effective way to teach content. The study also showed that most students found the use of superheroes increased their motivation to learn, helped them gain a deeper understanding of the material, and helped them find the content more approachable and enjoyable. In summary, anatomy curricula can still be taught and explained through these creative and “marvel”‐ous examples as it can help students connect the material to their own agency and drive motivation to learn.
Differences in self‐other control as cognitive mechanism to characterize theory of mind reasoning in autistic and non‐autistic adults
Authors: Schuwerk Tobias , Sodian Beate 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn cognitive science, altered Theory of Mind is a central pillar of etiological models of autism. Yet, recent evidence, showing comparable Theory of Mind abilities in autistic and non‐autistic people, draws a more complex picture and renders previous descriptions of Theory of Mind abilities in autism and their role in autistic symptomatology insufficient. Here, we addressed self‐other control as a potential candidate cognitive mechanism to explain subtle Theory of Mind reasoning differences between autistic and non‐autistic adults. We investigated flexible shifting between another's and one's own congruent or incongruent points of view, an ability that is important for reciprocal social interaction. Measuring response accuracy and reaction time in a multiple‐trial unexpected location false belief task, we found evidence for altered self‐other control in Theory of Mind reasoning in autistic adults, with a relative difficulty in flexibly considering the other's perspective and less interference of the other's incongruent viewpoint when their own perspective is considered. Our results add to previous findings that social cognitive differences are there but subtle and constitute one step further in characterizing Theory of Mind reasoning in autism and explaining communication and interaction difficulties with non‐autistic people in everyday life.
Biodiesel production from cagaite seeds (Eugenia dysentericaDC) oil: An alternative for biofuel production
Authors: Rial Rafael Cardoso , de Freitas Osmar Nunes , da Silva Fonseca Amanda Maria , Domingues João Manuel Hernandes Dorce , de Souza Maria Luiza Medeiros , de Almeida Silva Yasmin Alves , Santos Piter Hernanny Michalski , Melo Luiz Felipe Dias , Nazário Carlos Eduardo Domingues , Viana Luiz Henrique 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the present work, cagaite (Eugenia dysenterica DC.) seed oil was studied as a potential inedible raw material for biodiesel production. The oil was extracted using a Soxhlet extractor and the fatty acids acyl esters that make up biodiesel were obtained by alkaline transesterification using sodium hydroxide. The influence of reaction parameters was also evaluated: molar ratio, time, and amount of catalyst. The conversion of fatty acids into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), which make up biodiesel, was calculated using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1HNMR) spectra. In a 30 min reaction period, the molar ratio of oil to methanol was 1:4, resulting in a conversion of 63.57%. However, when the molar ratio was increased to 1:8, the conversion reached 81.74% during the same 30 min reaction period. After 60 min of reaction, additional increases in conversion were observed when molar ratios of 1:4, 1:6, and 1:8 were used. Under these conditions, the conversions achieved were 92.08%, 98.24%, and 98.78%, respectively. The physico‐chemical properties were evaluated and the results showed that cagaite seed oil biodiesel was similar to soybean biodiesel, which is the most commonly produced biodiesel in Brazil. It was thus an important substitute for soybean biodiesel.
Students at a crossroad: A cross‐sectional survey gauging the impact of COVID‐19 on medical and biomedical graduates in the United States and Sweden
Authors: Lange Stephan , Soták Matúš , Hagberg Carolina E. , Bagunu Grace , Vigmo Sylvi , Börgeson Emma 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGraduate programs in medicine and biomedical sciences have been severely impacted by the SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19 pandemic over the last 2 years. Following 2 years since beginning of the pandemic, data on student support, educational and academic performance as well as sentiment on changes to educational programs are starting to emerge. We performed and compared results of two cross‐sectional surveys of Swedish and U.S.‐based medical and biomedical graduate students on how the pandemic has affected their studies, research productivity and career trajectory. Students were also asked to assess support provided by the university and supervisors. The surveys also captured student demographics and a range of other factors, such as pressures brought on by caretaking and financial responsibilities. We analyzed answers from 264 and 106 students attending graduate programs in universities in Sweden and the United States, respectively. U.S.‐based students faced more severe restrictions on their research program compared to students in Sweden, reporting more delays in productivity, scientific output and graduation, and increased worries about their career trajectory. Swedish students had more caretaking responsibilities, although these did not cause any delays in graduation. While support by universities and supervisors was comparable between the countries, financial worries and mental health concerns were particularly prominent in the U.S. cohort. Student performance and outlook was hugely dependent on the breadth of the restrictions and the available support. Besides the governmental and university‐led approach to counter the pandemic, societal differences also played a role in how well students were handling effects of the pandemic.
Simultaneous quantitation of urine aldosterone and tetrahydroaldosterone in healthy Chinese subjects using a validated LC–MS/MS method
Authors: Cheng Jenny Yeuk Ki , Lo Clara Wai Shan , Chan Alan Shek Lun , Luk Yue Kin , Tsui Teresa Kam Chi , Ho Chung Shun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAldosterone (ALD) is excreted in urine mainly as glucuronide conjugates of ALD and tetrahydroaldosterone. Measuring these urinary metabolites might be an alternative screening test to plasma ALD for primary aldosteronism. We report a validated LC–MS/MS method to measure both analytes simultaneously. Urine samples underwent enzymatic hydrolysis to release the analytes from their glucuronide conjugates followed by organic solvent extraction and LC–MS/MS. The analytical performance of this method was evaluated. The within‐batch and between‐batch coefficients of variation for urine ALD and urine THA were all ≤5.2 and ≤3.7%. The lower limit of quantification was 0.5 nmol/L, and the linearity was up to at least 2770 nmol/L for both analytes. No significant matrix interference and carryover were observed. Both analytes in urine were stable for at least 48 h at 10°C and at least 18 months at −80°C. Local reference intervals were established from 126 healthy normotensive Chinese subjects (53% women, age: 20–65 years). Reference intervals for urine ALD and tetrahydroaldosterone were 2–38 and 9–139 nmol/day, respectively. This validated method can be applied to screening and diagnosing primary aldosteronism.
Secure reversal of immune evasion from refractory NSCLC and highly contagious CoV‐2 mutants by using 3D‐engineered multifunctional biologics
Authors: Zhang Yanna , Li Qian , Liu Nanxi , Hu Jianchuan , Lin Xiaojuan , Huang Meijuan , Wei Yuquan , Qi Xiaorong , Chen Xiancheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThere is an imperative choice to develop a secure feasible strategy to address evasion dynamics of refractory tumors and SARS‐CoV‐2‐variants, while stem cell‐based protocol may be more reliable as its unique ability for resetting multifunctional immunity to address progressive tumor and the constantly‐evolving virus. In this study, spheroid‐embryonoid stem cells from mature somatic cells were engineered as multifunctional biologics (3D‐E/BSC) and inoculated in senile rhesus to identify secure potential against immune‐evasion from viral‐variants. Meanwhile, a cohort of eligible patients with stage IV NSCLC were approved for phase I clinical trials. Subsequently, long‐lasting security and efficacy were validated by primate and clinical trials (p < 0.01) in that it could not only stimulate serological immunity, but also reset core immunity for hosts to address variant evasion after 3D‐E/BSC withdrawal. Particularly, illustrated by single‐cell evolving trajectory, 3D‐E/BSC had securely reset senile thymus of aging hosts to remodel core immunity by rearranging naive rhythm to evolve TRGC2+/JCHAIN+NKT clusters to abolish tumoral and viral evasion dynamics with path‐feedbacks of NSCLC and COVID‐19 simultaneously activated, leading to continuous blockade of breakthrough infection of viral‐mutants and long‐term survival in one‐third of terminal patients without adjuvant required. Our study may pioneer a practical multifunctional strategy to eliminate evasion of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and refractory NSCLC so as for victims to restart a new life‐equation.
Roles and implications of mRNA N6‐methyladenosine in cancer
Authors: Zeng Lingxing , Huang Xudong , Zhang Jialiang , Lin Dongxin , Zheng Jian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRNA N6‐methyladenosine modification is the most prevalent internal modification of eukaryotic RNAs and has emerged as a novel field of RNA epigenetics, garnering increased attention. To date, m6A modification has been shown to impact multiple RNA metabolic processes and play a vital role in numerous biological processes. Recent evidence suggests that aberrant m6A modification is a hallmark of cancer, and it plays a critical role in cancer development and progression through multiple mechanisms. Here, we review the biological functions of mRNA m6A modification in various types of cancers, with a particular focus on metabolic reprogramming, programmed cell death and tumor metastasis. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of targeting m6A modification or its regulatory proteins as a novel approach of cancer therapy and the progress of research on m6A modification in tumor immunity and immunotherapy. Finally, we summarize the development of different m6A detection methods and their advantages and disadvantages.
Development of a metabolite calculator for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Choi Munseok , Park Minsu , Lee Sung Hwan , Lee Min Jung , Paik Young‐Ki , Jang Sung Il , Lee Dong Ki , Lee Sang‐Guk , Kang Chang Moo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundCarbohydrate antigen (CA) 19–9 is a known pancreatic cancer (PC) biomarker, but is not commonly used for general screening due to its low sensitivity and specificity. This study aimed to develop a serum metabolites‐based diagnostic calculator for detecting PC with high accuracy.MethodsA targeted quantitative approach of direct flow injection‐tandem mass spectrometry combined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was employed for metabolomic analysis of serum samples using an Absolute IDQ™ p180 kit. Integrated metabolomic analysis was performed on 241 pooled or individual serum samples collected from healthy donors and patients from nine disease groups, including chronic pancreatitis, PC, other cancers, and benign diseases. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) based on characteristics of 116 serum metabolites distinguished patients with PC from those with other diseases. Sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (SPLS‐DA) was also performed, incorporating simultaneous dimension reduction and variable selection. Predictive performance between discrimination models was compared using a 2‐by‐2 contingency table of predicted probabilities obtained from the models and actual diagnoses.ResultsPredictive values obtained through OPLS‐DA for accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, balanced accuracy, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were 0.9825, 0.9916, 0.9870, 0.9866, and 0.9870, respectively. The number of metabolite candidates was narrowed to 76 for SPLS‐DA. The SPLS‐DA‐obtained predictive values for accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, balanced accuracy, and AUC were 0.9773, 0.9649, 0.9832, 0.9741, and 0.9741, respectively.ConclusionsWe successfully developed a 76 metabolome‐based diagnostic panel for detecting PC that demonstrated high diagnostic performance in differentiating PC from other diseases.
The combination of etoposide and platinum for the treatment of thymic neuroendocrine neoplasms: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Guan Yelan , Yao Qifeng , Hao Yue , Zeng Xiaohong , Wang Wenxian , Gu Xiadong , Xiang Jing , Sun Yan , Song Zhengbo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo provide real‐world outcomes for the combination of etoposide and platinum as a first‐line treatment for advanced thymic neuroendocrine neoplasms (TNENs).MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed on patients with advanced TNENs confirmed by pathology who received etoposide combined with platinum as a first‐line chemotherapy in our institution between 2010 and 2022.ResultsA total of 16 patients were included in this study. Twelve patients (75%) received etoposide combined with cisplatin, and four patients (25%) received etoposide combined with carboplatin. Efficacy was evaluated in all patients, with an objective response rate of 31.3%. One patient achieved a complete response, four achieved a partial response, and in eight patients the disease remained stable; the disease control rate was 81.3%. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 7.2 months with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 2.1–12.3 months. The median overall survival (OS) was 50.4 months with a 95% CI of 32.1–68.8 months. No significant difference in efficacy was observed between the treatment groups with regards to PFS (p = 0.095) and OS (p = 0.061). Treatment‐related adverse events were observed in all 12 patients when evaluated for toxicity, manifesting as hematologic toxicity. Grade 3–4 bone marrow suppression occurred in six patients (50%). No treatment‐related deaths were recorded.ConclusionThis retrospective analysis, conducted in a real‐life setting, suggests that the combination of etoposide and platinum has a promising anti‐tumor activity in advanced TNENs, with a clinically significant overall response rate.
Arterial stiffness is associated with cancer mortality: Insight from Kailuan study
Authors: Li Jiatian , Hidru Tesfaldet Habtemariam , Lin Yajuan , Wang Xinying , Lin Li , Chen Shuohua , Xia Yunlong , Yang Xiaolei , Wu Shouling 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited evidence on the association between arterial stenosis and the risk of all‐cause mortality in cancer patients (ACMC). This study investigated whether the status of arterial function and structure measured by brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is associated with ACMC.MethodsA total of 43,943 Chinese adults underwent a baPWV examination. Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the association between the baPWV values and ACMC.ResultsDuring a total follow‐up duration of 3.81 ± 2.50 years, there were 157 deaths among 553 cancer cases diagnosed during the follow‐up. Patients with baPWV ≥18 m/s showed an increased risk of ACMC compared to patients with ideal vascular function. In the multivariate‐adjusted model, we observed a significant association between arterial stiffness severity and ACMC with a hazard ratio (HR) 2.72 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.55–4.80; p < 0.001) in those with baPWV ≥18 m/s. With a 1‐SD increase in baPWV, the HR (95% CI) for ACMC in the entire cohort, men, and patients ≤60 years old were 1.20 (95% CI: 1.03–1.41; p < 0.05), 1.20 (95% CI: 1.01–1.43; p < 0.05), and 1.44 (95% CI: 1.10–1.44; p = 0.008), respectively.ConclusionsIncreased arterial stiffness measured by baPWV is associated with ACMC. The association between high baPWV (≥18 m/s) and risk of all‐cause mortality was prominent in men and those ≤60 years of age.