bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges and Opportunities in Academic Physiatry
Authors: Morgenroth David C. , Knowlton Tiffany , Apkon Susan , Blauwet Cheri A. , Burns Anthony S. , Vallejos Cecilia Córdova , Frontera Walter , Hearn Sandra L. , Jayabalan Prakash , Lim Peter A. , Moroz Alex , Perret Danielle , Powell Danielle , Puderbaugh Matt , Rivers W. Evan , Sowa Gwendolyn , Verduzco-Gutierrez Monica , Celnik Pablo A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Environmental scans determine trends in an organization’s or field’s internal and external environment. The results can help shape goals, inform strategic decision making, and direct future actions. The Association of Academic Physiatrists convened a strategic planning group in 2020, composed of physiatrists representing a diversity of professional roles, career stages, race and ethnicity, gender, disability status, and geographic areas of practice. This strategic planning group performed an environmental scan to assess the forces, trends, challenges, and opportunities affecting both the Association of Academic Physiatrists and the entire field of academic physiatry (also known as physical medicine and rehabilitation, physical and rehabilitation medicine, and rehabilitation medicine). This article presents aspects of the environmental scan thought to be most pertinent to the field of academic physiatry organized within the following five themes: (1) Macro/Societal Trends, (2) Technological Advancements, (3) Diversity and Global Outreach, (4) Economy, and (5) Education/Learning Environment. The challenges and opportunities presented here can provide a roadmap for the field to thrive within the complex and evolving healthcare systems in the United States and globally.
Development and Implementation of a Standard Assessment Battery Across the Continuum of Care for Patients After Stroke
Authors: Lien Peiting , Deluzio Sandra , Adeyemo Jessica , Langton-Frost Nicole , Lavezza Annette , Daley Kelly , Friedel Stacey , Pruski April , French Margaret A. , Raghavan Preeti 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Stroke rehabilitation occurs across the continuum of care starting in the acute hospital and through the inpatient and outpatient settings. Rehabilitation aims to minimize impairments and maximize function in individuals after stroke. Because patients often undergo rehabilitation for extended periods, longitudinal assessment of impairment, activity, and participation can facilitate the evaluation of patients’ progress toward recovery, as well as communication and decision making to guide clinical practice regarding the intervention(s) to be used and may also be leveraged for clinical research. However, the clinical implementation of a standard assessment battery that spans the continuum of care for patients after stroke is challenging because of operational and time constraints. Here, we describe the development and implementation of a standard assessment battery across the continuum of care by physical therapists, occupational therapists, and speech-language pathologists at the Sheikh Khalifa Stroke Institute. We specifically describe our experience in (1) identifying the core team to lead the process, (2) selecting the measures for the standard assessment battery, and the timeframe for administration, and (3) implementing the standard assessment battery in routine clinical practice.
Discovery, implications and initial use of semi-synthetic organisms with an expanded genetic alphabet/code
Authors: Romesberg Floyd E. 
Published: January 2023

Much recent interest has focused on developing proteins for human use, such as in medicine. However, natural proteins are made up of only a limited number of canonical amino acids with limited functionalities, and this makes the discovery of variants with some functions difficult. The ability to recombinantly express proteins containing non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) with properties selected to impart the protein with desired properties is expected to dramatically improve the discovery of proteins with different functions. Perhaps the most straightforward approach to such an expansion of the genetic code is through expansion of the genetic alphabet, so that new codon/anticodon pairs can be created to assign to ncAAs. In this review, I briefly summarize more than 20 years of effort leading ultimately to the discovery of synthetic nucleotides that pair to form an unnatural base pair, which when incorporated into DNA, is stably maintained, transcribed and used to translate proteins inEscherichia coli. In addition to discussing wide ranging conceptual implications, I also describe ongoing efforts at the pharmaceutical company Sanofi to employ the resulting ‘semi-synthetic organisms' or SSOs, for the production of next-generation protein therapeutics.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Reactivity and mechanism in chemical and synthetic biology’.
Delivery Characterization of SPL84 Inhaled Antisense Oligonucleotide
Authors: Ozeri-Galai Efrat , Friedman Lital , Ofra-Barchad-Avitzur  , Markovetz Matthew R , Boone William , Rouillard Kaitlyn R , Stampfer Chava D , Oren Yifat S , Hill David B , Kerem Batsheva , Hart Gili 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe last years have shown enormous advancement in the therapeutic potential of RNA-related treatments, specifically for antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-based drugs, leading to increased numbers of ASO regulatory approvals. In this study we focus on SPL84, an inhaled ASO-based drug, developed for the treatment of the pulmonary disease, Cystic Fibrosis (CF). Pulmonary drug delivery is challenging, due to a variety of biological, physical, chemical, and structural barriers, especially when aiming to target the cell nucleus. The efficient distribution of SPL84 in the lungs, penetration into the cells and nucleus, and stability are critical parameters that will impact drug efficacy in a clinical setting. In this study, we demonstrate the proper distribution and cell and nucleus penetration of SPL84 in mouse and monkey lungs. In vivo and in vitro studies confirmed the stability and mobility of our inhaled ASO drug through CF patient-derived mucus and in lung lysosomal extracts. Our results, supported by a promising pre-clinical pharmacological effect, emphasize the high potential of SPL84 as an effective drug for the treatment of CF patients.In addition, successfully tackling the lung distribution of SPL84 and specific cell targeting offers huge opportunities for further development of SpliSense inhaled ASO-based drugs for unmet pulmonary diseases.
Did COVID-19 or COVID-19 vaccines influence the patterns of Dengue in 2021: An exploratory analysis of two observational studies from North India
Authors: Kaur Upinder , Jethwani Parth , Mishra Shraddha , Dehade Amol , Yadav Ashish Kumar , Chakrabarti Sasanka , Chakrabarti Sankha Shubhra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDengue which is endemic in India and has been occurring for decades apparently witnessed a rise in disease burden in 2021 in specific regions of the nation. We aim to explore less studied risk factors of Dengue occurrence and severity in the post-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 vaccination era.MethodsThis was an exploratory analysis involving participants from two prior observational studies conducted during the period of Feb 2021-April 2022 in a tertiary hospital in North India. Healthcare workers constituted the majority of study participants. Individuals were stratified into five groups based on COVID-19 infection and timing of vaccination: CovidNoVaccine (CNV), VaccineNoCOVID (VNC), CovidAfterVaccine (CAV), VaccineAfterCOVID (VAC) and NoVaccineNoCovid (NVNC) groups. The occurrence of lab-confirmed Dengue and severe forms of Dengue were the main outcomes of interest. We tried to predict determinants of Dengue occurrence and severity with a particular focus on COVID-19 history and vaccination status.ResultsA total of 1520 vaccinated individuals and 181 unvaccinated individuals were included. Of these 1701 participants, symptomatic Dengue occurred in 133 (7.8%) and was of ‘severe’ category in 42 (31.6%). Individuals with a history of COVID-19 in 2020 had 2 times higher odds of developing symptomatic Dengue. The VAC group had 3.6, 2- and 1.9 times higher odds of developing Dengue than the NVNC, VNC, and CAV groups. The severity of dengue was not affected by COVID-19 or COVID-19 vaccination.ConclusionsCOVID-19 may enhance the risk of developing symptomatic dengue. Future research dealing with long COVID should explore the propensity of COVID-19 victims towards symptomatic forms of other viral illnesses. Individuals receiving the COVID-19 vaccine after recovering from COVID-19 particularly seem to be at greater risk of symptomatic dengue and need long-term watchfulness. Possible mechanisms, such as antibody-mediated enhancement or T-cell dysfunction, should be investigated in COVID-19-recovered and vaccinated individuals. Further large-scale, multicentric, robust studies with a better enrolment of unvaccinated people will help understand the interplay of factors involved in COVID-19 and Dengue.
Validation of a MALDI-TOF MS method for SARS-CoV-2 detection on the Bruker Biotyper and nasopharyngeal swabs. A Brazil - UK collaborative study
Authors: Lovison Otávio A. , Grigaitė Raminta , Volpato Fabiana C. Z. , Iles Jason K. , Lacey Jon , Barreto Fabiano , Pandiri Sai R. , Balzan Lisiane da Luz R. , Cantarelli Vlademir V. , Barth Afonso Luis , Martins Andreza F. , Iles Ray K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe had developed a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry method for detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus in saliva-gargle samples using Shimadzu MALDI-TOF mass spectrometers in the UK. This was validated in the USA to CLIA-LDT standards for asymptomatic infection detection remotely via sharing protocols, shipping key reagents, video conference and data exchange. In Brazil, more so than in the UK and USA, there is a need to develop non-PCR dependent rapid affordable SARS-CoV-2 infection screening tests, which also identify variant SARS-CoV-2 and other virus infections. Travel restrictions necessitated remote collaboration with validation on the available Clinical MALDI-TOF – the Bruker Biotyper (microflex® LT/SH) – and on nasopharyngeal swab samples, as salivary gargle samples were not available. The Bruker Biotyper was shown to be almost log10^3 more sensitive at detection of high molecular weight spike proteins. A protocol for saline swab soaks out was developed and duplicate swab samples collected in Brazil were analysed by MALDI-TOF MS. The swab collected sample spectra varied from that of gargle-saliva in three additional mass peaks in the mass region expected for IgG heavy chains and human serum albumin. A subset of clinical samples with additional high mass, probably Spike-related proteins, were also found. Spectral data comparisons and analysis, subjected to machine learning algorithms in order to resolve RT-qPCR positive from RT-qPCR negative swab samples, showed a 78% agreement with RT-qPCR scoring for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Using Neurocognitive Assessments to Predict and Differentiate Dementias: A Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Nguyen Ho Phuong Thuy , Chen Christopher Li-Hsian , Tan Eric Josiah 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTNeurocognitive impairment is the primary feature of all types of dementia. This article presents the protocol for a systematic review of the available literature on the associations between cognitive task performance and various aspects of dementia prediction, specification and intervention outcomes.
Preoperative functional connectivity by magnetic resonance imaging for refractory neocortical epilepsy
Authors: Johnson Emily A. , Lee John J. , Hacker Carl D. , Park Ki Yun , Rustamov Nabi , Daniel Andy G. S. , Shimony Joshua S. , Leuthardt Eric C. 
Published: January 2023

SummaryObjectivePatients with refractory epilepsy experience extensive and invasive clinical testing for seizure onset zones treatable by surgical resection. However, surgical resection can fail to provide therapeutic benefit, and patients with neocortical epilepsy have the poorest therapeutic outcomes. This case series studied patients with neocortical epilepsy who were referred for surgical treatment. Prior to surgery, patients volunteered for resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in addition to imaging for the clinical standard of care. This work examined the variability of functional connectivity in patients, estimated from rs-fMRI, for associations with surgical outcomes.MethodsThis work examined pre-operative structural imaging, pre-operative rs-fMRI, and post-operative structural imaging from seven epilepsy patients. Review of the clinical record provided Engel classifications for surgical outcomes. A novel method assessed pre-operative rs-fMRI from patients using comparative rs-fMRI from a large cohort of healthy control subjects and estimated Gibbs distributions for functional connectivity in patients compared to healthy controls.ResultsThree patients had Engel classification Ia, one patient had Engel classification IIa, and three patients had Engel classification IV. Metrics for variability of functional connectivity, including absolute differences of the functional connectivity of each patient from healthy control averages and probabilistic scores for absolute differences, were higher for patients classified as Engel IV, for whom epilepsy surgery provided no meaningful improvement.SignificanceThis work continues on-going efforts to use rs-fMRI to characterize abnormal functional connectivity in the brain. Preliminary evidence indicates that the topography of variant functional connectivity in epilepsy patients may be clinically relevant for identifying patients unlikely to have favorable outcomes after epilepsy surgery. Widespread topographic variations of functional connectivity also support the hypothesis that epilepsy is a disease of brain resting-state networks.
Construction of tongue image-based machine learning model for screening patients with gastric precancerous lesions
Authors: Ma Changzheng , Zhang Peng , Li Shao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractScreening patients with precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC) is important for gastric cancer prevention. It could improve the accuracy and convenience of PLGC screening to uncover and integrate valuable characteristics of noninvasive medical images involving in PLGC, by applying machine learning methodologies. In this study, based on unbiasedly uncovering potential associations between tongue image characteristics and PLGC and integrating gastric cancer-related canonical risk factors, including age, sex, Hp infection, we focused on tongue images and constructed a tongue image-based PLGC screening deep learning model (AITongue). Then, validation analysis on an independent cohort of 1,995 patients revealed the AITongue model could screen PLGC individuals with an AUC of 0.75, 10.3% higher than that of the model constructed with gastric cancer-related canonical risk factors. Of note, we investigated the value of the AITongue model in predicting PLGC risk by establishing a prospective PLGC follow-up cohort, reaching an AUC of 0.71. In addition, we have developed a smartphone-based App screening system to enhance the application convenience of the AITongue model in the natural population. Collectively, our study has demonstrated the value of tongue image characteristics in PLGC screening and risk prediction.Trial RegistrationChiCTR2100044006
Risk Factors Associated with Falls in Older Adults with Dementia and Alzheimer’s Diseases among Older Adults in the United States
Authors: Baniasadi Tayebeh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the risk of fall, fall injury, and fall numbers among older adults with dementia and Alzheimer diseases. Additionally, this study explored the relationship of falls by medication use of neurodegenerative diseases.MethodsThe survey data from the years 2020 of Health and Retirement Study Consumption and Activities Mail Survey (HRS CAMS) was used. The HRS CAMS includes information of demographic characteristics, fall information, and medical background including dementia and Alzheimer diseases, and medication record. A regression model was used to test whether neurodegenerative diseases and medications was associated with fall risk factors.ResultsThe sample (n = 8782) was predominately female (54.7%) and white (60.7%) with a mean age of 70.4 years. When controlled for covariates, the findings show 10 percent higher risk of fall for elderly people with dementia and Alzheimer. People with dementia were 9% more likely to have higher risk of injury by fall and those with dementia and Alzheimer’s had more than 7 times of higher chance of a higher number of falls. Using Alzheimer’s prescription was associated with lower 90% lower risk of fall than controls.ConclusionsDementia and Alzheimer diseases are significant risk factor for falls in older adults. This study suggests that older adults with neurodegenerative diseases have higher risk, and needs more regular medical checkups to decrease the risk of fall.
Microglia transcriptional profiling in major depressive disorder shows inhibition of cortical grey matter microglia
Authors: Scheepstra Karel W.F. , Mizee Mark R. , van Scheppingen Jackelien , Adelia Adelia , Wever Dennis , Mason Matthew R.J. , Dubbelaar Marissa L. , Hsiao Cheng-Chih , Eggen Bart J.L. , Hamann Jörg , Huitinga Inge 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundMicroglia have been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), but information on biological mechanisms is limited. Therefore, we investigated the gene expression profile of microglial cells in relation to neuronal regulators of microglia activity in well-characterized MDD and control autopsy brains.MethodsPure, intact microglia were isolated at brain autopsy from occipital cortex grey matter (GM) and corpus callosum white matter (WM) of 13 MDD and 10 age-matched control donors for RNA sequencing. Top differentially expressed genes were validated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Since gene expression changes were only detected in GM microglia, neuronal regulators of microglia were investigated in cortical tissue and synaptosomes from the cortex by RT-qPCR and Western blot.ResultsTranscriptome analysis revealed 92 genes differentially expressed in GM microglia of MDD, but none in WM compared to the control Of these, 81 genes were less abundantly expressed in GM MDD, including CD163, MKI67, SPP1, CD14, FCGR1A/C, andC1QA/B/C. Accordingly, pathways related to effector mechanisms, such as the complement system and phagocytosis were differentially regulated in GM microglia in MDD. IHC staining revealed significantly lower expression of CD163 protein in MDD. Whole tissue analysis showed an increase inCD200(p<0.001) andCD47(p=0.068) mRNA, and CD47 protein was significantly elevated (p<0.05) in synaptic fractions of MDD cases.ConclusionsTranscriptional profiling indicates an immune-suppressed microglial phenotype in MDD, possibly caused by neuronal regulation.
“The early years are like a foundation for the future”Perspectives, facilitators and challenges of Anganwadi Workers’ in supporting early child development interventions in Hyderabad, India: Qualitative findings from A Scalable Programme Incorporating Early Child Development Interventions (ASPIRE)
Authors: Lall Gitanjali , Roy Reetabrata , Chandrika Kunduru Sharath , Divan Gauri 
Published: January 2023

AbstractICDS, a large public health programme, addresses the needs of children with ‘Anganwadi Workers (AWW)’ as frontline agents of delivery. This paper describes formative work done with AWWs, as part of ASPIRE to assess their understanding of Early Child Development (ECD) and acceptability of a novel ECD intervention. Framework analysis of their responses from FGDs led to identification of three themes:1) time use 2) understanding of ECD and 3) delivering messages using videos. The findings suggest that AWWs tight schedules, often leave them feeling overburdened with work. They are aware of factors that can aid as well as hinder child growth and development, but their understanding of play is limited to games played by older children. They expressed acceptability in using a video intervention, specifying features that would increase relevance for families. These have implications for ECD intervention development, training needs of AWWs as well as policymakers in the field.What We Already KnowFrontline workers are one of the most effective agents for delivery of universal ECD interventions in the community, given their relationships with familiesAnganwadi Workers (AWW), are government frontline workers in India who work to improve the nutritional and health status of children, improve the capacity of the mothers to take care of their children’s health and nutritional needs and to support pre-school learning opportunitiesAWWs are overburdened with work and lack the time as well as proper facilities for intervention deliveryWhat This Article AddsIntegration of novel ECD interventions delivered by frontline workers need to take into account their existing work schedules and associated challengesTraining on ECD interventions will need to broaden AWWs understanding of the critical foundational experiences which responsive caregiving and early child stimulation can provideThe factors that are promoters in effective implementation of community-based ECD interventions
Fully Quantitative Measurements of Differential Antibody Binding to a Spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins: Wuhan, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron BA.1, BA.4, BA.5, BA.2.75 and BA.2.12.1
Authors: James-Pemberton Philip H. , Kohli Shivali , Westlake Aaron C. , Antill Alex , Hunt Jade , Olkhov Rouslan V. , Shaw Andrew M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA fully quantitative comparative analysis has been performed on the differential antibody binding to a spectrum of Spike proteins to the SARS-CoV-2 variants Wuhan, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron BA.1, BA.1, BA.4, BA.5, BA.2.75 and BA.2.12.1. The immunity profile was determined for four patient cohorts: pre-pandemic, the first infection in the pandemic, Wuhan(+), and two vaccinated cohorts, the initial double-vaccination with AstraZeneca (AZ) and Pfizer and a final boosted cohort including with known vaccination but unknown mixture of natural infection. A universal protection immunity endotype, U(+), with significant antibody levels to all ten variants was observed in with a incidence of 11% (95% CI 4% - 25%) in the Wuhan(+) cohort challenging directly the ‘one-and-done’ immunity claim. The U(+) incidence rises to 22% (95% CI 12% - 37%) in the double-vaccinated cohort and 54% (95% CI 39% - 68%) in the triple vaccinated cohort. The remaining patients in each cohort show a spectrum of immunity with some drop-out immunity endotypes, U(±), showing poor antibody response to one or more variants. The U(±) incidence in the triple vaccination cohort is 41% (95% CI 28% - 57%) suggesting patients with poor sterilising sera may not clear a SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to viral persistence and mobile microcolonies that may provide a pathophysiology for the symptoms of long Covid.FundingExeter University Alumni, Attomarker Ltd-funded PhD studentship (PJP) at the University of Exeter and Attomarker Ltd funding directly.