bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Approach for Screening Cochlear Implant Candidates: Comparing With the 60/60 Guideline
Authors: Patro Ankita , Perkins Elizabeth L. , Ortega Carlos A. , Lindquist Nathan R. , Dawant Benoit M. , Gifford René , Haynes David S. , Chowdhury Naweed 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo develop a machine learning–based referral guideline for patients undergoing cochlear implant candidacy evaluation (CICE) and to compare with the widely used 60/60 guideline.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingTertiary referral center.Patients772 adults undergoing CICE from 2015 to 2020.InterventionsVariables included demographics, unaided thresholds, and word recognition score. A random forest classification model was trained on patients undergoing CICE, and bootstrap cross-validation was used to assess the modeling approach's performance.Main Outcome MeasuresThe machine learning–based referral tool was evaluated against the 60/60 guideline based on ability to identify CI candidates under traditional and expanded criteria.ResultsOf 587 patients with complete data, 563 (96%) met candidacy at our center, and the 60/60 guideline identified 512 (87%) patients. In the random forest model, word recognition score; thresholds at 3000, 2000, and 125; and age at CICE had the largest impact on candidacy (mean decrease in Gini coefficient, 2.83, 1.60, 1.20, 1.17, and 1.16, respectively). The 60/60 guideline had a sensitivity of 0.91, a specificity of 0.42, and an accuracy of 0.89 (95% confidence interval, 0.86–0.91). The random forest model obtained higher sensitivity (0.96), specificity (1.00), and accuracy (0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.95–0.98). Across 1,000 bootstrapped iterations, the model yielded a median sensitivity of 0.92 (interquartile range [IQR], 0.85–0.98), specificity of 1.00 (IQR, 0.88–1.00), accuracy of 0.93 (IQR, 0.85–0.97), and area under the curve of 0.96 (IQR, 0.93–0.98).ConclusionsA novel machine learning–based screening model is highly sensitive, specific, and accurate in predicting CI candidacy. Bootstrapping confirmed that this approach is potentially generalizable with consistent results.
Isolation of Bioactive Compounds from Low-cost Agricultural Resources and its Utilization in Daily Life.
Authors: Debnath Anirban , Das Arpita 
Published: July 2023

The ethanolic, methanolic and aqueous decoction of whole plant of Oxalis corniculate Linn was evaluated for its anti‐microbial and antioxidant properties by in vitro methods. Methanolic and ethanolic decoctions showed significant antibacterial property against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi bacterial strains. In comparison to Chloramphenicol (C30) against bacteria, ethanolic decoctions showed significant effect, among the decoctions. Nowadays though the standard soap is in a huge demand but it’s also facing major backlashes due to the presence of synthetic compounds in it, which over long use may cause harmful effects on the skin health. Therefore, the organic soaps which are made up of natural ingredients, herbs or any sort ayurvedic compound have less side effects on the human skin and are much safer than standard daily soap. The formulated therapeutic soap exhibits significant amount of reducing potential (high FRAP and TAC values) and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS assay).The ethanolic, methanolic and aqueous decoction of whole plant of Oxalis corniculate Linn was evaluated for its anti‐microbial and antioxidant properties by in vitro methods. Methanolic and ethanolic decoctions showed significant antibacterial property against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi bacterial strains. In comparison to Chloramphenicol (C30) against bacteria, ethanolic decoctions showed significant effect, among the decoctions. Nowadays though the standard soap is in a huge demand but it’s also facing major backlashes due to the presence of synthetic compounds in it, which over long use may cause harmful effects on the skin health. Therefore, the organic soaps which are made up of natural ingredients, herbs or any sort ayurvedic compound have less side effects on the human skin and are much safer than standard daily soap. The formulated therapeutic soap exhibits significant amount of reducing potential (high FRAP and TAC values) and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS assay).
Cross-sectional study on Intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 in Benin and Senegal : a structural equation modelling (SEM)
Authors: Gaye Ibrahima , Ridde Valery , Avahoundjea Elías , Ba Mouhamadou F. , Dossoua Jean-Paul , Diallo Amadou I. , Faye Adama 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionVaccination is considered one of the solutions to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, a small proportion of the population was fully vaccinated in Benin (20.9%) and Senegal (7.6%) by December 2022. This study explores the determinants of intent to vaccinate.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study of 865 Beninese and 607 Senegalese aged 18 years and older. Marginal quota sampling by age, gender and region was adopted. Data collection, using a survey instrument based on the Random Digit Dialing (RDD) method, was conducted from December 24, 2020, to January 16, 2021, in Senegal and from March 29 to May 14, 2021, in Benin. The questionnaire used the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Health Belief Model (HBM). The influence of factors was tested using a structural equation model. All analyses were conducted in R.ResultsResults show that a good perception of the benefits of vaccination (βsen=0.33***; βBen=0.12***), a positive attitude (βsen=0.22***; βBen=0.20***), and sensitivity to subjective norms (βsen=0.19***; βBen=0.32***) positively influence the intention to vaccinate. Low trust in health care providers (βsen=-0.40***; βBen=-0.36***) amplifies the perceived risk of vaccination (βsen=-0.14***; βBen=-0.25***), which negatively impacts intention to vaccinate. Perceived vaccine efficacy was affected by perceived risk (βsen=-0.12***; βBen=-0.05***) of the disease and improved by good apprehension of the benefits of vaccination (βsen=0.60***; βBen=0.13***). Aspects related to behavioral control, vaccine information seeking, efficacy, or fairness did not appear as correlates of vaccine intention (P>0.05).ConclusionBeninese and Senegalese public health authorities could develop additional intervention strategies to improve immunization coverage by considering these influencing factors, the basis of which could be better understood through subsequent qualitative studies.
Population-based estimates of the prevalence of children with congenital heart disease and associated comorbidities
Authors: Parker Devin M. , Stabler Meagan E. , MacKenzie Todd A , Zimmerman Meghan S. , Shi Xun , Everett Allen D. , Bucholz Emily M. , Brown Jeremiah R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundCongenital heart defects (CHD) are the most common birth defects and are estimated to affect almost 1% of births annually in the US. CHDs are the leading cause of infant mortality associated with birth defects and can result in chronic disability, morbidity and increased healthcare costs. Most CHD prevalence estimates rely on data from population-based birth defects surveillance systems and these estimates are inconsistent due to varied definitions. It is therefore important to derive high-quality, population-based estimates of the prevalence of CHD to help care for this vulnerable population.MethodsWe performed a descriptive, retrospective 8-year analysis using all payer claims data (APCD) from Colorado (CO) from 2012 - 2019. Children with CHD were identified by applying ICD-9 and ICD-10 diagnoses codes from the American Heart Association-American College of Cardiology (AHA-ACC) harmonized cardiac codes. We included children with CHD <18 years of age who resided in CO, had a documented zip code, and had at least one healthcare claim. CHD type was categorized as simple, moderately complex and complex disease. Association with comorbid conditions and genetic diagnoses were analyzed using chi-square test. We used direct standardization to calculate adjusted prevalence rates, controlling for age, sex, primary insurance provider and urban-rural residence.ResultsWe identified 1,566,328 children receiving care in CO from 2012 – 2019. Of those, 30,512 children had at least one CHD diagnosis, comprising 1.9% (95% CI: 1.93 – 1.97) of the pediatric population. Over half of the children with CHD also had at least one complex chronic condition and 11% had a genetic diagnosis.ConclusionThe current study is the first population-level analysis of pediatric CHD in the US. Our study found a higher CHD prevalence than in previously reported studies and a high comorbidity burden. These findings can inform initiatives to improve screening, treatment and planning of care for this complex population.
Wnt signaling couples G2 phase control with differentiation during hematopoiesis
Authors: Goins Lauren M. , Girard Juliet R. , Mondal Bama Charan , Buran Sausan , Su Chloe C. , Tang Ruby , Biswas Titash , Banerjee Utpal 
Published: July 2023

SummaryDuring homeostasis, a critical balance is maintained between myeloid-like progenitors and their differentiated progeny, which function to mitigate stress and innate immune challenges. The molecular mechanisms that help achieve this balance are not fully understood. Using genetic dissection inDrosophila, we show that a Wnt6/EGFR-signaling network simultaneously controls progenitor growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Unlike G1-quiescence of stem cells, hematopoietic progenitors are blocked in the G2 phase by a β-catenin-independent Wnt6 pathway that restricts Cdc25 nuclear entry and promotes cell growth. Canonical β-catenin-dependent Wnt6 signaling is spatially confined to mature progenitors through localized activation of the tyrosine-kinases EGFR and Abl, which promote nuclear entry of β-catenin and facilitate exit from G2. This strategy combines transcription-dependent and - independent forms of both Wnt6 and EGFR pathways to create a direct link between cell-cycle control and differentiation. This unique combinatorial strategy employing conserved components may underlie homeostatic balance and stress response in mammalian hematopoiesis.
Fetal daily rhythms develop during pregnancy and entrain to the maternal circadian system
Authors: Bates Keenan , Sapiro Elizabeth , Amme Jacob L. , McCarthy Ronald , Nikhil K.L. , Speck Sarah , Vasireddy Varun , Roberts Ethan , Martin-Fairey Carmel , Domínguez-Romero Miguel-E. , Garcia Cardenas Sandra Paola , England Sarah K. , Herzog Erik D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCircadian rhythms in gene expression and hormones are ubiquitous across species and differentiated cell types. This study aimed to determine when daily rhythms begin in the fetus and synchronize to the mother. We developed methods to monitor the expression of fetal PERIOD2 (PER2), a core circadian clock protein, in mice longitudinally from embryonic day (E)8.5 to E17.5 throughin uterobioluminescence imaging. We found that embryonic PER2 expression increased rapidly throughout pregnancy and exhibited day-night rhythms from the start of our recordings at E8.5. The daily peak time of PER2 varied between pregnancies until it reliably peaked at night and synchronized to the mother starting around E15.5. Loss of fetal circadian rhythms associated with pregnancies that ultimately failed. Because maternal glucocorticoids have been implicated in fetal development and synchronizing circadian tissues, we tested their sufficiency to shift fetal daily rhythms in utero. Daily glucocorticoids injections over five days of late pregnancy advanced fetal PER2 rhythmsin uteroand blocking glucocorticoid signalingin vitroreduced PER2 synchrony between the maternal and fetal placenta by ∼40%. We conclude that fetal daily rhythms arise early in pregnancy and then synchronize with the maternal rhythm prior to birth depending, in part, on glucocorticoid signaling.
Optimal enzyme profiles in unbranched metabolic pathways
Authors: Noor Elad , Liebermeister Wolfram 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHow to optimize the allocation of enzymes in metabolic pathways has been a topic of study for many decades. Although the general problem is complex and non-linear, we have previously shown that it can be solved by convex optimization. In this paper, we focus on unbranched metabolic pathways with simplified enzymatic rate laws and derive analytic solutions to the optimization problem. We revisit existing solutions based on the limit of mass-action rate laws and present new solutions for other rate laws. Furthermore, we revisit a known relationship between flux control coefficients and enzyme abundances in optimal metabolic states. We generalize this relationship to models with density constrains on enzymes and metabolites, and present a new local relationship between optimal reaction elasticities and enzyme amounts. Finally, we apply our theory to derive simple kinetics-based formulae for protein allocation during bacterial growth.
Local Orchestration of Global Functional Patterns Supporting Loss and Restoration of Consciousness in the Primate Brain
Authors: Luppi Andrea I. , Uhrig Lynn , Tasserie Jordy , Signorelli Camilo M. , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Destexhe Alain , Jarraya Bechir , Cofre Rodrigo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA central challenge of neuroscience is to elucidate how the orchestration of brain function is modulated by different states of consciousness. Here, we investigate the link between distributed structural and functional brain organisation in functional MRI signals of non-human primates, through bi-directional causal manipulations of consciousness. During varying levels of propofol, sevoflurane, or ketamine anaesthesia, and subsequent restoration of responsiveness by deep brain stimulation of the central thalamus, we investigate how loss of consciousness impacts distributed patterns of structure-function organisation across scales. Combining the specificity of electrical stimulation with global fMRI coverage of the entire cortex, we report that distributed brain activity under anaesthesia is increasingly constrained by brain structure across scales, coinciding with anaesthetic-induced collapse of multiple dimensions of hierarchical cortical organisation. Crucially, we show that these distributed signatures of anaesthetic-induced loss of consciousness are observed across different anaesthetics, and they are reversed by electrical stimulation of the central thalamus, coinciding with recovery of behavioural markers of consciousness during propofol anaesthesia. No such effects were observed upon stimulation of a control anatomical site, ventral lateral thalamus, demonstrating specificity. Through causal manipulations of consciousness that integrate pharmacology and electrical intracranial stimulation of the thalamus, our results identify global signatures of consciousness that are under local causal control by specific nuclei of the thalamus. Overall, the present work broadens our understanding of the link between brain network organisation and distributed function in supporting consciousness, and the interplay between local and global functional architecture.
Incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of mannitol-induced acute kidney injury among acute stroke patients admitted to East Avenue Medical Center
Authors: Ramos Ralph Jefferson T. , Cabigas Karen S. , Rabara Elyzel C. , Lim Marissa Elizabeth 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn the Philippines, stroke is the second most common cause of mortality and is among the five leading causes of disability. Mannitol, a hyperosmolar agent, is a mainstay for the treatment of brain edema caused by elevated intracranial pressure in acute stroke patients. It is a potent diuretic that may trigger intravascular volume depletion, electrolyte imbalance, and renal tubular damage, which may lead to acute kidney injury in acute stroke.ObjectiveThis study aims to describe the incidence, identify the risk factors, and determine the clinical outcomes of mannitol-induced acute kidney injury among acute stroke patients admitted to East Avenue Medical Center from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021.MethodsThis is a retrospective study conducted at the East Avenue Medical Center, a tertiary training hospital in Quezon City, Philippines. A three-year chart review of acute stroke patients who developed mannitol-induced acute kidney injury (MI-AKI) was conducted.ResultA total of 348 eligible acute stroke patients were included in the study. Of these, 60 patients (17%) developed MI-AKI during confinement. There was a higher predominance among males than females with more than half of patients (65%) belonging to the 40 to 59 years age group. The risk factors identified were high National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, chronic kidney disease, possibly cardiovascular disease, such as heart failure, intraparenchymal type hemorrhagic stroke, and high mannitol infusion dose >0.40g/kg in more than 48 hours. A high mortality rate was observed among MI-AKI patients in the study as compared with those without AKI (61.67% vs 27.43%, P<0.001) whereas spontaneous resolution of AKI was seen in 25 patients (41.67%, P<0.001). Only 4 patients (6.67%, P=0.001) who had renal replacement therapy had worsening renal function compared to the 27 patients (45%, P<0.001) who did not receive renal replacement therapy.ConclusionRisk factors for MI-AKI include moderate to severe NIHSS score, chronic kidney disease 3 and above, cardiovascular disease, and high-dose mannitol infusion. Early nephrology referral among patients with mannitol infusion for stroke is a must among patients who have co-morbidities including chronic kidney disease stage 3 and above, and cardiovascular disease such as heart failure. Serial monitoring of renal function should be performed especially for those patients with moderate to severe NIHSS scores and high-dose mannitol infusion for appropriate dosing to prevent MI-AKI.
Trends in cognitive function before and after diabetes onset in China
Authors: Zhu Sijia , Chen Qingmei , Shang Jing , Hua Jianian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with prevalent diabetes were reported to have higher risk of dementia and lower cognitive function. However, the trends of cognitive function before diabetes and in the years following diabetes onset remain unclear.Methods and FindingsThis study included 12422 participants aged >45 years without baseline diabetes from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Cognitive function was assessed at baseline (Wave 1, 2011), and at least one time from Wave 2 (2013) to Wave 4 (2018). During the 7-year follow-up, 1207 (9.7%, 59.1 ± 8.6 years, 39.9% males) participants developed new-onset diabetes. The cognitive function of both the without-diabetes group and the diabetes group declined annually during the follow-up. The annual decline rate of the diabetes group before diabetes onset was similar to that of the without-diabetes group during the follow-up. After diabetes onset, participants experienced accelerated rates of cognitive decline in global cognition (β, −0.023 SD/year; 95% CI, −0.043 to −0.004) and visuospatial abilities (−0.036 SD/year; −0.061 to −0.011), but not in orientation abilities (0.001 SD/year; −0.018 to 0.020). We also observed a tendency that episodic memory (−0.018 SD/year; −0.041 to 0.004) and attention and calculation abilities (−0.017 SD/year; −0.037 to 0.003) declined faster after new-onset diabetes, although the results did not meet our threshold of significance. In subgroup analysis, compared with those who developed diabetes between 45–54 years old, those developing diabetes older showed similar increments in cognitive decline rate after diabetes.ConclusionsIndividuals experienced faster rate of cognitive decline after diabetes onset, but not during the pre-diabetes period. Age did not modify the effect of diabetes on future cognitive decline. Future studies are needed to learn the mechanisms of cognitive decline in a few years after new-onset diabetes.
Pan-genome and Haplotype Map of Cultivars and Their Wild Ancestors Provides Insights into Selective Evolution of Cassava (Manihot esculentaCrantz)
Authors: Xia Zhiqiang , Du Zhenglin , Zhou Xincheng , Jiang Sirong , Zhu Tingting , Wang Le , Chen Fei , Carvalho Luiz , Zou Meiling , Becerra López-Lavalle Luis Augusto , Zhang Xiaofei , Xu Liangye , Wang Zhenyu , Chen Meili , Feng Binxiao , Wang Shujuan , Li Mengtao , Li Yuanchao , Wang Haiyan , Liu Shisheng , Bao Yuting , Zhao Long , Zhang Chenji , Xiao Jianjia , Guo Fenguang , Shen Xu , Lu Cheng , Qiao Fei , Ceballos Henan , Yan Huabin , Zhang Huaifang , He Shuang , Zhao Wenmin , Wan Yinglang , Chen Yinhua , Huang Dongye , Li Kaimian , Liu Bin , Peng Ming , Zhang Weixiong , Muller Birger , Chen Xin , Luo Ming Cheng , Xiao Jingfa , Wang Wenquan 
Published: July 2023

SUMMARYCassava is the most important starch sources, a tropical model crop. We constructed nearly T2T genomes of cultivar AM560, wild ancestors FLA4047 and W14, pan-genome of 24 representatives and a clarified evolutionary tree with 486 accessions. Comparison of SVs and SNVs between the ancestors and cultivated cassavas revealed predominant expansion, contraction of genes and gene families. Significantly selective sweeping occurred in the cassava genomes in 122 footprints with 1,519 candidate domestication genes. We identified selective mutations inMeCSKandMeFNR3promoting photoreaction associated withMeNADP-MEof C4assimilation in modern cassava. Co-evolved retardation of floral primordia and initiation of storage roots arose fromMeCOL5mutants with altered bindings toMeFT1, MeFT2andMeTFL2. MebHLHsevolved to regulate the biosynthesis, transport and endogenous remobilization of cyanogenic glucosides, with new functionalities ofMeMATE1, MeGTRin selected sweet cassava. These findings enhanced comprehensive knowledge and database on the evolution and breeding of cassava.HIGHLIGHTSThree nearly T2T cassava genomes of cultivar AM560 and its wild ancestors FLA4047 and W14.A species-level cassava panSV haplotype map across 346,322 structural variations over 31,362 gene families and 96,032,008 SNPs and InDels variations globally and a clarified evolutionary tree with 486 accessions.Selective mutations inMeCSKandMeFNR3promoted photoreaction associated withMeNADP-MEof C4assimilation shaped the C3-C4intermediate photosynthesis of modern cassava.Coevolution of floral primordia contrary to initiated storage root is pivotal for the domestication of cassava, and arose fromMeCOL5mutants altered the binding withMeFT1, MeFT2(SP6A), andMeTFL2.
Natural Circulation of Tick-borne Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in the City Ecosystem, China
Authors: Zhang Xing , Zhao Chaoyue , Si Xiaoxi , Hu Qiang , Zheng Aihua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is rapidly expanding its range in China, because of the accelerated spread of the parthenogeneticHaemaphysalis longicornis, Asian long-horned tick (ALT). In this letter, we report the urban circulation of SFTSV between ALTs and hedgehogs in Beijing, China.HighlightsHedgehogs and ALTs can maintain the natural circulation of SFTSV in the city ecosystem.Hedgehogs and ALTs are becoming common in Beijing.Parthenogenetic ALTs are discovered in Beijing.