bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF VOICE INTERFACES FOR EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Rogers Wendy , Mois George , Blocker Kenneth , Mudar Raksha 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Successful human-technology interactions require that people be able to communicate their intentions to the technology. Emergent technologies such as virtual assistants, digital home assistant, smart phones, robots, and smart appliances are enabling voice activation and communication. This is potentially a positive trend as people often express a preference for using familiar methods of communicating with other people in their interactions with technologies. Presumably they expect these methods to be easier to learn and more effective. However, current voice technology interfaces are often dependent on specific language, cadence, and terminology that pose challenges for older adults to master. Moreover, age-related changes in voice characteristics, speech patterns, and the variability between individuals may lead to comprehension failures on the part of the technology. We have utilized research findings to develop implementation guidelines for use of voice interfaces with older adults. We also identify research gaps to provide a roadmap for future efforts.
TECHNOLOGY TO SUPPORT AGING ADULTS: FUTURE APPLICATIONS
Authors: Czaja Sara , Boot Walter , Charness Neil , Rogers Wendy , Sharit Joseph 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The aging of the population is projected to continue for the upcoming decades. Thus, innovative strategies are needed to support current and future cohorts of older adults. In this regard, there are exciting developments in technology that have the potential to meet the needs of population aging. This summary presentation will discuss emerging technology applications such as developments in artificial intelligence, sensing technologies, and robotics that can be used to foster everyday activities, cognitive, physical, and emotional health. A framework will be provided to characterize current and emerging technology applications for older adults within life domains. Current research examining the efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability of these technologies with older adult populations will be also summarized. Recommendations for needed future research in the aging and technology domain will also be provided to ensure that the emerging technology applications are designed to meet the needs, abilities, and preferences of aging adults.
RACE, GENDER, AND LATE-LIFE PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES AND DEMENTIA IN THE HEALTH ABC STUDY
Authors: Rooks Ronica , Tarraf Wassim , Ryan Lindsay , Antonucci Toni 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We hypothesized productive activities, e.g., working and volunteering, would reduce dementia risk and mitigate racial disparities using longitudinal Health, Aging, and Body Composition data (n=3,069). We ran gender-stratified logistic regression models for dementia with socio-demographic and APOE adjustments. Among older men, no significant relationships existed between dementia with work, volunteering, or race in any models. Among older women, in unadjusted models, working vs. not (Yr1) was significantly related to 30% lower odds of dementia (OR=0.70, p≤0.05), and volunteering vs. not (Yr1) was significantly related to 24% lower odds of dementia (OR=0.76, p≤0.05). But, these activities were not significant in other models. Black vs. White women had 35% (OR=1.35, p≤0.05) and 32% (OR=1.32, p=0.052) higher odds of dementia in working and volunteering models with socio-demographic adjustments, respectively, but race was not significant after APOE adjustment. Productive activities are possible contextual interventions to reduce racial disparities in incident dementia among older women.
GRANDPARENTS’ EDUCATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH GRANDCHILDREN’S EPIGENETIC AGE IN THE NGHS STUDY
Authors: Surachman Agus , Hamlat Elissa , Zannas Anthony , Laraia Barbara , Epel Elissa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We leveraged information solicited from three generations (grandparents, mothers, and grandchildren) to examine the association between mothers’ childhood SES (based on grandparents’ educational attainment) and their children’s epigenetic age and whether the association was mediated by mothers’ life course socioeconomic and health-related factors. Mothers were recruited to the NHLBI Growth and Health Study when they were 9 or 10 and followed for ten consecutive years (1987-1998). Grandparents reported their highest education during the baseline interviews. Mothers were then re-contacted three decades later (ages 37-42) to participate in the National Growth and Health Study (NGHS), and health information of their youngest children (i.e., grandchildren; N = 241, ages 2-17) were collected, including their saliva samples to calculate epigenetic age. Two epigenetic ages were estimated (Horvath and Hannum), and DNA methylation age accelerations (DNAmAAs) were calculated using residuals from regressing chronologic age on each epigenetic age metrics. Mothers’ life course socioeconomic and health-related mediators included childhood BMI trajectories (from age 9 to 19), highest education level, adult health behavior, and adult c-reactive protein (CRP). Adjusted for age and sex, grandchildren with college degree grandparents showed significantly slower Horvath’s DNAmAA than those with no college degree. The association between grandparent’s education level and grandchildren’s DNAmAA was partially mediated by mothers’ life course socioeconomic and health-related factors, especially mothers’ education, health behavior, and CRP. Grandparents’ educational attainment is a critical socioeconomic context of mothers’ early rearing, and it might have a long-lasting impact on their grandchildren’s epigenetic marker.
FRAILTY-FOCUSED COMMUNICATION (FCOM) FOR OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Maxwell Cathy , Miller Sally , Lee Deborah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Frailty-focused communication (FCOM) equips older adults with a better understanding of factors and biological mechanisms related to decline, frailty, and eventual end-of-life, while also empowering them to engage in proactive measures for healthy aging in 8 domains (physical activity, nutrition, safety, mind/body health, relationships/community, sleep/rest, finances, health care decision-making). We aimed to develop and test: 1) an educational tool targeted to older adults, and 2) a FCOM workshop to train health care clinicians on how to explain the concept of frailty and facilitate goal-setting for proactive aging. We tested the tool and workshop in 2 prospective observational studies among community-dwelling older adults (N= 126) and clinicians (N=29) who provide care to older adults. Testing of the FCOM tool revealed that content on bioenergetics of aging increased motivation to make a plan for proactive aging (N=60, 68%), particularly among adults age 55-64 as compared to other age groups (p=.024). Testing of the training workshop demonstrated increased knowledge of frailty (pre score: 5.8, post score: 7.6; d= .55, p=.006) and increased self-reported competency with patient/clinician interaction (pre score: 33.2, post score: 42.0; d=.63, p=.001). Post course evaluations regarding understanding of best practice empathic skills was rated 3.6 (range: 1-4). FCOM promotes awareness of the importance of measures to mitigate development of chronic conditions and frailty, and provides a resource for clinicians in multiple settings to engage in conversations with older adults while physiologic compensatory mechanisms are still intact. FCOM discussions can facilitate a shift from disease-oriented discussion to patient-centered, holistic care.
LESSONS ON LEARNING IN LATER LIFE WITH THE MIT AGELAB 85+ LIFESTYLE LEADERS
Authors: Patskanick Taylor , Miller Julie , Yoquinto Lucas , D'Ambrosio Lisa , Coughlin Joseph 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous research has established the role of lifelong learning in promoting psychological wellbeing and active aging. Population aging necessitates an understanding of the unique opportunities and challenges around formal and informal learning in later life. This paper will share findings from a mixed methods study with the MIT AgeLab 85+ Lifestyle Leaders, a panel comprised of octogenarians and nonagenarians from across the United States. Drawing on an online survey and virtual focus groups with 29 Lifestyle Leaders from January 2021, findings suggest the Lifestyle Leaders most often learned new things from talking with others (46%) and reading print (54%) or online (54%) sources. The majority were familiar with attending in-person lectures or classes (89.7%) and were now using videoconferencing to do these (78.6%). A majority (56.7%) had or are currently participating in a lifelong learning program. Most consider themselves lifelong learners and described this around remaining curious and engaged with life, choices around what one learns, and greater enjoyment of learning. In the survey, a plurality of Lifestyle Leaders indicated the top two challenges affecting their ability to learn were sensory burdens (e.g., hearing loss, declining eyesight) (35%) and their energy level (32.4%); focus group data revealed that recall also is a barrier. Focus group data further highlighted generational experiences around early life learning and career paths, specifically how gender roles, diagnoses of learning disabilities, and evolving digital technology have affected these and changed over the course of their lifetimes.
OLDER PEOPLE'S ACTIVITY PARTICIPATION (OPAP): FACTOR STRUCTURE AND PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF A SCALE
Authors: Gan Daniel Rong Yao , Cao Yuxin , Liu Wen , Fung John Chye , Ng Tze Pin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Older people’s participation in activities is critical to their health and well-being. Active lifestyle in old age reduces the risk of mortality, prevents chronic diseases, promotes physical and mental wellbeing, and is conducive to active and healthy aging. While various measures of participation have been proposed, a holistic measure that includes both social and individual activity participation is currently unavailable. To enable lifestyle medicine recommendations, we developed the Older People’s Activity Participation (OPAP) scale to understand the constituent factors of older people’s everyday activities. This study examined OPAP’s internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha, convergent validity using regression analysis, as well as factor structure using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in a dense urban setting. Preliminary items assessed engagement in 27 health-related, fitness, recreational, social, productive, and cognitive activities, and were administered to 270 community-dwelling adults aged 50 and older in Singapore. The 17-item OPAP showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha= .69), and demonstrated convergence with a validated measure of social cohesion (B=.27, p&lt;.001) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (B=.32, p&lt;.001). It has a 5-factor structure, namely socializing (alpha=.63), physical training (alpha=.56), listening (alpha=.69), home-making (alpha=.59), and outing (alpha=.58). Acceptable model fit was obtained (RMSEA=0.48, SRMR=0.06, CFI=.90). The OPAP scale is valid and reliable to assess activity participation in Asian older adults. It can be a useful tool to understand older people’s everyday life and lifestyles, relationships between activity participation and health outcomes, and further guide the development and use of effective interventions to promote active and healthy aging.
WELL-BEING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A FUNCTION OF PERSONALITY, AGE, AND URBANICITY
Authors: Ryan Lindsay 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has differentially impacted population sub-groups over the last two years. For example, engagement in social isolation may have been particularly difficult for extroverted adults. The virus spread widely in densely populated regions and is more risky to health with increasing age. This paper explores the ways in which personality, age, and urbanicity are associated with subjective well-being during the pandemic. Longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 4316; M age = 69.0, Range 31 - 99) investigates Big Five personality characteristics from 2016 and interactions with age on life satisfaction and loneliness during the pandemic. Models are then stratified by Beale Rural-Urban Continuum codes denoting urban, suburban, and ex-urban residence. Results indicate the benefit of high conscientiousness on life satisfaction is weaker among older adults (p&lt;.05) and associations of extroversion and age on loneliness are driven by individuals living in urban areas (p&lt;.05).
REHABILITATION OUTCOMES AS A FUNCTION OF PATIENTS' AND HEALTHCARE PERSONNEL'S VIEWS OF AGING
Authors: Shrira Amit 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effect of subjective views of aging (VoA) on health outcomes is well established, yet this effect was rarely examined among older adults undergoing hospitalization or rehabilitation. Moreover, the additive effect of healthcare personnel’s ageist attitudes on treatment outcomes is unknown. Accordingly, these effects were examined within older adults hospitalized for osteoporotic fractures – a frequent late-life condition with cardinal functional implications. Study 1 (N=147 patients, mean age=79.3) found that feeling younger at admission predicted better rehabilitation outcomes. The reverse effect of functional independence at admission on subjective age at discharge was non-significant. Study 2 (N=52 patients, mean age=81.8, and N=55 hospital staff members, mean age=32.3) replicated these findings with additional VoA indices, and further demonstrated that rehabilitation outcomes were better when occupational and physical therapists reported low levels of ageist attitudes. Findings suggest that successful rehabilitation may be promoted by reducing negative VoA among patients as well as healthcare personnel.
PERCEPTIONS OF DISCHARGE READINESS AND ENGAGEMENT IN DISCHARGE PLANNING FOR SPOUSAL VERSUS NONSPOUSAL CAREGIVERS
Authors: Elmore Catherine , Bristol Alycia , Barry Lisa , Iacob Eli , Johnson Erin , Wallace Andrea 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Informal caregivers are frequently excluded during hospital discharge planning, potentially impacting their ability to effectively care for older adults at home. Few studies have examined experiences of spousal versus non-spousal caregivers during hospital discharge planning. In a secondary analysis of a mixed-method study, we quantitatively examined how spousal relationships impact caregivers’ (n=266; 51.8% identified as a spouse or partner) scores of patient discharge readiness using the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale (RHDS-CG). We then conducted semi-structured interviews with a participant subset (n=23), and analyzed transcribed interviews using content analysis. First, comparing scores on the RHDS-CG, spouses/partners (88.4%) were more likely than non-spouses (75%) to report RHDS scores of 7+ corresponding with moderate to high readiness (X2 (1) = 8.070, p=.005). Among those interviewed, spouses/partners (65.2%) described their role as long-term, and shared strategies they had learned over time regarding how to seek involvement with healthcare professionals (HCPs). In contrast, non-spousal caregivers (34.8%) viewed their role as short term and struggled with how to communicate with HCPs, citing patient privacy rules and patient autonomy as perceived barriers. Overall, spousal caregivers had more experience with the healthcare system and felt better prepared to assume post-discharge care duties. Exploring the experiences of non-spousal caregivers, which make up more than one-third of our sample, is important since caregiving roles shift away from spouses to adult children and others as people age. Further consideration is necessary regarding how to support non-spousal caregivers in navigating the healthcare system.
COGNITIVE FUNCTION CONTRIBUTES TO THE NONLINEAR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE AND DUAL-TASK GAIT IN MID-AGED POPULATION
Authors: Zhou Junhong , Cattaneo Gabriele , Yu Wanting , Gouskova Natalia , Lipsitz Lewis , Pascual-Leone Alvaro , Bartres-Faz David , Manor Brad 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The capacity to maintain safe walking is critical to functional independence in older adults. However, the timing/stage when such capacity starts to diminish, and its potential contributors have not been well characterized. To explore that, we here conducted analysis based upon the data of 651 participants of age between 40 and 65 years from Barcelona Brain Health Initiative Study. Each participants completed: 1) one 45-second trial of walking normally (single-task) and while performing a serial-subtraction-by-three task (dual-task), of which gait was measured using a smartphone-based gait-assessment application; and 2) a battery of cognitive tests. The dual-task cost (DTC) (i.e., percent changes from single- to dual-task condition) to mean stride time (ST) and stride time variability (STV) and the score of global cognitive function were obtained. The LOESS analyses demonstrated nonlinear relationships between age and DTCs with a turning point at age of 54 years (R2&gt;3%). Regression models showed significantly greater associations (p=0.01~0.03) between age and DTCs (i.e., older age, worse gait) (β=0.22~0.28, p&lt; 0.006), as well as between global cognitive function and DTCs (β=-0.28~-0.18, p&lt; 0.002), in older group (i.e., age≥54 years) compared to younger group. The structural-equation-modeling suggested that in older group, cognitive function mediated the relationship between age and dual-task gait (p&lt; 0.02) with a contribution of 43~47% to such relationship. The observations here revealed that as early at age of 54 years, dual-task gait starts to significantly diminish, and its dependence on cognitive function dramatically increases, providing critical knowledge for the management of mobility and cognitive aging in mid-age population.
INTEGRATING HEALTH AND HOME CARE THROUGH TECHNOLOGY: ACTIONABLE SOLUTIONS FOR PROGRESS
Authors: Dunning Lauren , Servat Caroline , Super Nora 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Shifts toward virtual care driven by the pandemic have continued to blur the previously sharp lines between health care and home care. A new care ecosystem is emerging, bringing with it the opportunity to integrate health and home care through technology. Over the course of the pandemic, Medicare telehealth visits increased 63-fold between 2019 and 2020, innovative programs enabled acute hospital care at home using digital tools, and people in need of care could reach their providers through a broad range of devices and modalities. But many of the policy changes underlying these advancements and others were temporary, and permanent actions are needed to sustain momentum. To characterize the emerging landscape, the Milken Institute conducted informational interviews with over 40 experts representing health, technology, government and policy, research and academia, philanthropy, advocacy, and community-based organizations. From these interviews, themes emerged on barriers, innovations, and opportunities. Findings were further refined through a roundtable workshop and survey to develop guiding principles and consensus-built recommendations. Three sets of recommendations were then developed on: 1) pandemic-related and larger-scale policy and program design to support tech-enabled care, 2) practices and policies to develop a systems approach that integrates health and home care and bolsters equity, and 3) collaboration and coordination to accelerate efforts. This paper focuses on the interview themes and progress made to advance solutions in partnership with stakeholders.
SUPPORTING RESIDENTS WITH DEMENTIA LIVING AND DYING IN LONG-TERM CARE AND THEIR FAMILIES DURING COVID-19
Authors: Kaasalainen Sharon , Wickson-Griffiths Abigail , McCloskey Rose 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
TThis presentation will share research findings about experiences during COVID-19 about implementing a virtual palliative toolkit in long-term care in Canada. The toolkit includes tools and practices to: (a) engage residents and families with dementia within a palliative approach to care, (b) develop workforce capacity through online education modules, (c) reduce stress and improve psychological health of residents, families, and staff, and (d) develop organizational structures and processes to promote a palliative approach to care. Individual interviews were conducted with residents, family members, and staff before implementing a palliative toolkit and after using it. Findings highlighted the negative impacts of COVID-19 on resident health due to isolation within home, preventing family from being at the bedside and cancelling stimulatory activities especially at end of life that were exacerbated by the lack of resources and government supports. Families appreciated the virtual supports and stated that they helped prepare them for their loved ones’ death while feeling more empowered, engaged, and supported in their journey. Although feedback from families was mostly positive, stating the virtual toolkit improved accessibility to information and supports, it was clear that some misunderstood terms, particularly what a palliative approach to care means; and others had challenges navigating the virtual platform to use the toolkit. Future work is needed to make the virtual tools more user-friendly so that they can be scaled up more widely.
HOW HAS NARRATIVE BEEN USED IN GERONTOLOGY?: FINDINGS FROM A QUALITATIVE EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
Authors: de Medeiros Kate 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Narrative gerontology emerged as a concept in the 1990s to describe the ways that people age biographical as well as biologically. Since then, narratives and narrative approaches have gained popularity as methods and ways of knowing. This paper presents findings from a qualitative evidence synthesis (QES) of narrative within the gerontological literature. ). QES describes methods to systematically review qualitative evidence (e.g., extracted text). The purpose is to gain a deeper understanding of a concept rather than evaluate study designs or findings. An initial search returned 1,480 papers. Upon further analysis, the following three large categories with regards to narrative were identified: definitions, accounts, processes, and possibilities. Overall, findings provide an comprehensive overview of uses of narrative within gerontology.