bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre‐trained language models: What do they know?
Authors: Guimarães Nuno , Campos Ricardo , Jorge Alípio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLarge language models (LLMs) have substantially pushed artificial intelligence (AI) research and applications in the last few years. They are currently able to achieve high effectiveness in different natural language processing (NLP) tasks, such as machine translation, named entity recognition, text classification, question answering, or text summarization. Recently, significant attention has been drawn to OpenAI's GPT models' capabilities and extremely accessible interface. LLMs are nowadays routinely used and studied for downstream tasks and specific applications with great success, pushing forward the state of the art in almost all of them. However, they also exhibit impressive inference capabilities when used off the shelf without further training. In this paper, we aim to study the behavior of pre‐trained language models (PLMs) in some inference tasks they were not initially trained for. Therefore, we focus our attention on very recent research works related to the inference capabilities of PLMs in some selected tasks such as factual probing and common‐sense reasoning. We highlight relevant achievements made by these models, as well as some of their current limitations that open opportunities for further research.This article is categorized under:
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Key Design Issues in Data Mining
Technologies > Artificial Intelligence
Pediatric Malignancies
Authors: Nadel Helen , Shulkin Barry , Bar-Sever Zvi , Giammarile Francesco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe most common childhood malignancy is leukemia (30%), followed by brain tumors (20%), lymphomas, both Hodgkin’s (HL) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) (14%), neuroblastoma (7%), soft tissue sarcoma (7%), Wilms’ tumor (6%), bone tumors (5%), germ cell tumors (3%), melanoma (3%), and hepatic tumors (1%). Their incidence varies according to patient age. Less common pediatric malignancies include head and neck cancer, Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), germ cell tumors, neurofibromatosis type 1 with suspected malignant transformation, adrenocortical carcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, carcinoid, insulinoma, and pheochromocytoma (Steliarova-Foucher et al., Lancet Oncol 18(6):719–731, 2017; Institute, NC. https://nccrexplorer.ccdi.cancer.gov/). Neuroblastoma is the second most common solid tumor in young children. It is a NET derived from the primitive neural crest. Although currently MIBG is embedded and required by international therapy protocols for patients with neuroblastoma and has a large body of evidence proving its validity and usefulness, PET tracers such as FDOPA, FDG, and 68Ga-peptides are increasingly used in imaging of neuroblastoma (Pai Panandiker et al., Clin Nucl Med 40(9):737–739, 2015). Additional pediatric NETs include ganglioneuroma, bronchial carcinoid (most common primary malignant pulmonary tumor in children), abdominal carcinoid (rare), pheochromocytoma, and PPGL. Approximately 75% of juvenile nasopharyngeal carcinomas also express surface membrane SSTRs. FDG-PET/CT is the scintigraphic study of choice for the assessment of lymphoma and sarcoma.
QCD axion-mediated dark matter
Authors: Dror Jeff A. , Gori Stefania , Munbodh Pankaj 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A QCD axion with a decay constant below 1011 GeV is a strongly-motivated extension to the Standard Model, though its relic abundance from the misalignment mechanism or decay of cosmic defects is insufficient to explain the origin of dark matter. Nevertheless, such an axion may still play an important role in setting the dark matter density if it mediates a force between the SM and the dark sector. In this work, we explore QCD axion-mediated freeze-out and freeze-in scenarios, finding that the axion can play a critical role for setting the dark matter density. Assuming the axion solves the strong CP problem makes this framework highly predictive, and we comment on experimental targets.
AdS7 black holes from rotating M5-branes
Authors: Bobev Nikolay , David Marina , Hong Junho , Mouland Rishi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We construct a general asymptotically locally AdS7 stationary black hole solution of 7d maximal gauged supergravity with three angular momenta and two electric charges. When embedded in 11d supergravity the black hole describes the backreaction of N coincident rotating M5-branes. We study the thermodynamic properties of the black hole and present explicit expressions for its entropy, energy, electric charges, and angular momenta. We show that in the supersymmetric limit of the solution its entropy and on-shell action precisely agree with the result for the path integral of the holographically dual 6d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (2, 0) SCFT on S1× S5 to leading order in the large N limit.
Reduction of tumor volume during radiotherapy in patients with small-cell lung cancer and its prognostic significance
Authors: Kandler Christian , Elsayad Khaled , Evers Georg , Siats Jan , Kittel Christopher , Scobioala Sergiu , Bleckmann Annalen , Eich Hans Theodor 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Several studies have reported the potential prognostic significance of tumor volume reduction ratio (VRR) induced by radiotherapy (RT) in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. However, there are no data yet on the prognostic significance of volumetric shrinkage in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). This study aimed to demonstrate the correlation between tumor volume reduction ratio and treatment outcomes.

Materials and methods
The study included 61 patients with SCLC treated with fractionated RT of the primary tumor at our institution between 2013 and 2020. The relationship between volumetric changes in gross tumor volume (GTV) during radiotherapy and outcomes were analyzed and reported.

Results
The median radiation dose was 59.4 Gy (median fraction dose was 1.8 Gy). The median GTV before radiotherapy was 74 cm3, with a median GTV reduction of 48%. There was a higher VRR in patients receiving concurrent radiochemotherapy (p = 0.05). No volumetric parameters were identified as relevant predictors of outcome in the entire cohort. In multivariate analysis, only age had an impact on survival, while prophylactic whole-brain radiation influenced the progression-free survival significantly.

Conclusion
Concurrent chemotherapy was associated with a higher VRR than sequential chemotherapy. No significant impact of VRR on patients’ outcome or survival was detected.
Effect of applied standard wood machining fluid on colour and chemical composition of the machined wood surface
Authors: Chuchala Daniel , Sommer Agata , Orlowski Kazimierz A. , Staroszczyk Hanna , Mania Szymon , Sandak Jakub 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAppropriate monitoring of wood machining processes is a key issue to ensure the expected quality of the processed wood, expected efficiency and minimize energy consumption of production processes. A new trend is the design of environmentally friendly machining fluids. In this paper, as a preliminary study in this field, the effect of applied standard wood machining fluid on changes in the colour and chemical composition of the machined wood surface is presented. Scots pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) was used for this research. Colour measurements were carried out based on the three-axis CIELab system test in time intervals and coefficients such as: colour chroma (Cab*), colour saturation (Sab*), colour hue (h°), and total colour changes (ΔE*). Changes in chemical composition were analysed on the Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR). The results confirmed that standard machining fluids cause a significant change in the colour of the treated pine surface, which decreases over time but is still present even after 24 h. For the spectral analysis, no chemical changes were observed between the machining fluid and the wood. However, the fluid particles remained in the wood after 24 h. In order to reduce the effect of the machining fluid on the colour of the wood, its composition should be changed to allow and/or accelerate the evaporation of their components from the treated wood surface.
Neurosurgical treatment of pediatric brain tumors - results from a single center multidisciplinary setup
Authors: Schaumann A. , Hammar C. , Alsleben S. , Schulz M. , Grün A. , Lankes E. , Tietze A. , Koch Arend , Hernáiz Driever P. , Thomale U.-W. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
The challenge of pediatric brain tumor surgery is given due to a relative low prevalence but high heterogeneity in age, localization, and pathology. Improvements of long-term overall survival rates were achieved during the past decades stressing the importance of a multidisciplinary decision process guided by a national treatment protocol. We reviewed the entire spectrum of pediatric brain tumor surgeries from the perspective of an interdisciplinary pediatric neuro-oncology center in Germany.

Methods
Every patient who underwent brain tumor surgery from January 2010 to June 2017 in our Pediatric Neurosurgery department was retrospectively included and evaluated regarding the course of treatment. Perioperative data such as tumor localization, timing of surgery, extent of resection, neuropathological diagnosis, transfusion rates, oncologic and radiation therapy, and neurological follow-up including morbidity and mortality were evaluated.

Results
Two hundred ninety-three pediatric brain tumor patients were applicable (age: 8.28 ± 5.62 years, 1.22:1.0 m:f). A total of 531 tumor surgical interventions was performed within these patients (457 tumor resections, 74 tumor biopsies; mean interventions per patient 1.8 ± 1.2). Due to a critical neurologic status, 32 operations (6%) were performed on the day of admission. In 65.2% of all cases, tumor were approached supratentorially. Most frequent diagnoses of the cases were glial tumors (47.8%) and embryonal tumors (17.6%). Preoperative planned extent of resection was achieved in 92.7%. Pre- and postoperative neurologic deficits resolved completely in 30.7%, whereas symptom regressed in 28.6% of surgical interventions. New postoperative neurologic deficit was observed in 10.7%, which resolved or improved in 80% of these cases during 30 days. The mortality rate was 1%.

Conclusion
We outlined the center perspective of a specialized pediatric neuro-oncological center describing the heterogeneous distribution of cases regarding age-related prevalence, tumor localization, and biology, which requires a high multidisciplinary expertise. The study contributes to define challenges in treating pediatric brain tumors and to develop quality indicators for pediatric neuro-oncological surgery. We assume that an adequate volume load of patients within a interdisciplinary infrastructure is warranted to aim for effective treatment and decent quality of life for the majority of long-term surviving pediatric tumor patients.
The application of lasers in vital pulp therapy: a review of histological effects
Authors: Afkhami Farzaneh , Rostami Golriz , Xu Chun , Walsh Laurence J. , Peters Ove A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVital pulp therapy (VPT) is primarily intended to preserve the vitality of pulp tissues, which have been exposed for any reason. Various materials and techniques have been proposed to improve treatment outcomes, including the use of lasers. This study aimed to review the histological results of different dental lasers including low-level lasers, carbon dioxide (CO2), erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser (Er:YAG), neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG), erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) lasers, and diode lasers for VPT. This focused review included a comprehensive electronic search of Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from 2000 to 2022 by two independent investigators. Different combinations of keywords were used, and reference mining of related papers was done. The review included studies related to histologic evaluation of laser-assisted vital pulp therapy that stated the laser parameters that were used. Articles with radiographic or clinical assessments or articles lacking necessary data were excluded. Non-English articles were excluded unless their abstract was in English and encompassed the necessary data. Most studies indicated the efficacy of lasers for reduction of inflammation, acceleration of healing, and increasing the thickness of dentinal bridge. According to the evidence, lasers used in combination with pulp capping agents are beneficial to enhance the success rate of VPT.
Dipeptidyl-peptidase 3 and IL-6: potential biomarkers for diagnostics in COVID-19 and association with pulmonary infiltrates
Authors: Staudner Stephan T. , Leininger Simon B. , Vogel Manuel J. , Mustroph Julian , Hubauer Ute , Meindl Christine , Wallner Stefan , Lehn Petra , Burkhardt Ralph , Hanses Frank , Zimmermann Markus , Scharf Gregor , Hamer Okka W. , Maier Lars S. , Hupf Julian , Jungbauer Carsten G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spread worldwide, causing a respiratory disease known as COVID-19. The aim of the present study was to examine whether Dipeptidyl-peptidase 3 (DPP3) and the inflammatory biomarkers IL-6, CRP, and leucocytes are associated with COVID-19 and able to predict the severity of pulmonary infiltrates in COVID-19 patients versus non-COVID-19 patients. 114 COVID-19 patients and 35 patients with respiratory infections other than SARS-CoV-2 were included in our prospective observational study. Blood samples were collected at presentation to the emergency department. 102 COVID-19 patients and 28 non-COVID-19 patients received CT imaging (19 outpatients did not receive CT imaging). If CT imaging was available, artificial intelligence software (CT Pneumonia Analysis) was used to quantify pulmonary infiltrates. According to the median of infiltrate (14.45%), patients who obtained quantitative CT analysis were divided into two groups (> median: 55 COVID-19 and nine non-COVID-19, ≤ median: 47 COVID-19 and 19 non-COVID-19). DPP3 was significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients (median 20.85 ng/ml, 95% CI 18.34–24.40 ng/ml), as opposed to those without SARS-CoV-2 (median 13.80 ng/ml, 95% CI 11.30–17.65 ng/ml; p < 0.001, AUC = 0.72), opposite to IL-6, CRP (each p = n.s.) and leucocytes (p < 0.05, but lower levels in COVID-19 patients). Regarding binary logistic regression analysis, higher DPP3 concentrations (OR = 1.12, p < 0.001) and lower leucocytes counts (OR = 0.76, p < 0.001) were identified as significant and independent predictors of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as opposed to IL-6 and CRP (each p = n.s.). IL-6 was significantly increased in patients with infiltrate above the median compared to infiltrate below the median both in COVID-19 (p < 0.001, AUC = 0.78) and in non-COVID-19 (p < 0.05, AUC = 0.81). CRP, DPP3, and leucocytes were increased in COVID-19 patients with infiltrate above median (each p < 0.05, AUC: CRP 0.82, DPP3 0.70, leucocytes 0.67) compared to infiltrate below median, opposite to non-COVID-19 (each p = n.s.). Regarding multiple linear regression analysis in COVID-19, CRP, IL-6, and leucocytes (each p < 0.05) were associated with the degree of pulmonary infiltrates, as opposed to DPP3 (p = n.s.). DPP3 showed the potential to be a COVID-19-specific biomarker. IL-6 might serve as a prognostic marker to assess the extent of pulmonary infiltrates in respiratory patients.
The lost historical archives of the City of Szczecin
Authors: Gut Paweł , Gaziński Radosław 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe article is devoted to the historical archives of the city of Szczecin (Stettin), lost at the end of World War II. The authors try to recreate the circumstances of the disappearance of the Szczecin records, their internal structure, as well as indicate the limitations that the loss of these materials poses for contemporary historians. The paper also shows the process of shaping the municipal archives in Szczecin, as well as the reasons and conditions in which the municipal authorities transferred their historical records to the State Archives in Szczecin. The issue is considered against the background of changes taking place in Prussian archival science in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and taking into account the history of other selected municipal archives in Germany. The most important achievement of the presented material is the description of the lost historical archive of Szczecin.
Optimizing process flow diagrams to guide implementation of a colorectal cancer screening intervention in new settings
Authors: O’Leary Meghan C. , Hassmiller Lich Kristen , Reuland Daniel S. , Brenner Alison T. , Moore Alexis A. , Ratner Shana , Birken Sarah A. , Wheeler Stephanie B. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The goal of this study was to assess acceptability of using process flow diagrams (or process maps) depicting a previously implemented evidence-based intervention (EBI) to inform the implementation of similar interventions in new settings.

Methods
We developed three different versions of process maps, each visualizing the implementation of the same multicomponent colorectal cancer (CRC) screening EBI in community health centers but including varying levels of detail about how it was implemented. Interviews with community health professionals and practitioners at other sites not affiliated with this intervention were conducted. We assessed their preferences related to the map designs, their potential utility for guiding EBI implementation, and the feasibility of implementing a similar intervention in their local setting given the information available in the process maps.

Results
Eleven community health representatives were interviewed. Participants were able to understand how the intervention was implemented and engage in discussions around the feasibility of implementing this type of complex intervention in their local system. Potential uses of the maps for supporting implementation included staff training, role delineation, monitoring and quality control, and adapting the components and implementation activities of the existing intervention.

Conclusion
Process maps can potentially support decision-making about the adoption, implementation, and adaptation of existing EBIs in new contexts. Given the complexities involved in deciding whether and how to implement EBIs, these diagrams serve as visual, easily understood tools to inform potential future adopters of the EBI about the activities, resources, and staffing needed for implementation.
The Emotionally Sensitive Child-Adverse Parenting Experiences-Allostatic (Over)Load (ESCAPE-AL) Model for the Development of Secondary Psychopathic Traits
Authors: Kimonis Eva R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUnderstanding and treatment of antisocial behavior have improved through efforts to subtype individuals based on similar risk factors and outcomes. In particular, the presence of psychopathic traits is associated with distinct etiological factors and antisocial behavior that begins early in life, is aggressive, persistent, and less likely to normalize with traditional treatments, relative to individuals low on psychopathy or its childhood precursor, callous-unemotional (CU) traits. However, important distinctions can be made within individuals with CU/psychopathic traits according to the presence of elevated anxiety symptoms and/or adverse childhood experiences, known as secondary psychopathy/CU traits. This paper provides a broad and brief overview of theory and empirical literature supporting the existence of secondary psychopathy/CU variants as a distinct subtype of childhood antisocial behavior. It outlines the Emotionally Sensitive Child-Adverse Parenting Experiences-Allostatic (Over)Load (ESCAPE-AL) model for the developmental psychopathology of secondary psychopathic/CU traits and discusses research and theory supporting this perspective. Future research directions for testing this conceptual model and its implications for assessing and treating high-risk individuals with secondary CU/psychopathic traits are discussed.
Employing animation-based TE to activate Chinese children’ cognitive-involvement in L2 feature acquisition
Authors: Zhou Xiongjun , Xiao Yunxia , Zheng Mengxue , Liang Zhijie , Sun Bo , Yang Juan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA substantial amount of literature has shown that the input flooding and enhancement (Textual enhancement, TE) technique helps learners to perceive and acquire target features implicitly. Previous studies explored the efficacy of computer-assisted TE interventions in Second Language Acquisition with diverse techniques, but animation has not yet been sufficiently taken into consideration. In this paper, we developed an animation-based TE intervention to promote the primary school children’ acquisition of the linguistic features of English question sentences. The results suggested that learners in experimental group improved their performances in producing questions and statements with a large effect size, as they were found to spontaneously put extra efforts in exploring the related knowledge of the visually enhanced forms. The study presumed that the animation-based TE intervention would stimulate participants’ awareness and curiosity of the target forms, which consequently led to improved performance in tasks both involving precursor knowledge and newly acquired knowledge.
Impact of ICT and social networks on students: An analysis of gender-based attitudinal profiles
Authors: Mulero-Henríquez Itahisa , Pérez-Solís Rocío , Falcon Samuel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHigh levels of Internet usage are prevalent among young people. Alongside this increased use, dangerous attitudes and practices among students have been observed. This study aimed to analyse the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) among high school students, their attitudes, and the relationship with gender. A sample of 869 participants aged 11 to 18 was selected, and we developed the Internet Use and Attitudes Scale for Virtual Social Networks (VSN). This scale comprises subscales assessing VSN dependence, parental control, enhancement of social relationships, and engagement in violent behaviour and consumption of inappropriate content. After validating this scale, we employed latent profile analysis to discern unique behavioural and attitudinal profiles among the students. The analysis yielded three distinct groups. The majority (66%) fell into the “Positive Attitude” group (52% female, 48% male). The “Negative Attitude” group represented 29% (49.5% female, 50.5% male), and the “Dangerous Attitude” group comprised 5% (28.3% female, 71.7% male). The “Dangerous Attitude” profile exhibited the highest levels of VSN dependency, violence, and inappropriate content consumption. Males were overrepresented in this category. These findings provide greater insight into problematic Internet use among students, revealing gender disparities. Males were more likely to engage in dangerous online activities like cyberbullying and accessing inappropriate content. Targeted interventions addressing negative attitudes and violent cyberbehaviours are needed, especially for male students. This research enriches our understanding of youth’s online habits, attitudes, and risks.