bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of horizontal resolution and complexity of aerosol–cloud interactions on marine stratocumulus and stratocumulus‐to‐cumulus transition in HadGEM3‐GC3.1
Authors: Ekman Annica M. L. , Nygren Eva , Pérez Alejandro Baró , Schwarz Matthias , Svensson Gunilla , Bellouin Nicolas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStratocumulus (Sc) clouds and stratocumulus‐to‐cumulus transitions (SCTs) are challenging to represent in global models and they contribute to a large spread in modeled subtropical cloud feedbacks. We evaluate the impact of increasing the horizontal model resolution (∼135, 60 and 25 km, respectively) and increasing the complexity of the aerosol–cloud interaction parameterization (interactive versus non‐interactive at medium resolution) on springtime subtropical marine Sc properties and SCTs in the atmosphere‐only version of HadGEM3‐GC3.1. No significant impact on the spatial location of the SCT could be found between the different model versions. Increasing horizontal resolution led to small but significant increases in liquid water content and a stronger (more negative) shortwave (SW) cloud radiative effect (CRE), in particular over the southern‐hemisphere Sc regions. However, for two out of the four studied regions, the stronger SW CRE also brought the model outside the range of satellite‐derived values of the SW CRE. Applying non‐interactive aerosols instead of interactive aerosols also led to significantly higher liquid water content and a stronger SW CRE over the southern‐hemisphere Sc regions, while over the northern‐hemisphere Sc regions, a competition between a substantial increase in the cloud droplet number concentration and small changes in the liquid water content resulted in a weaker SW CRE or non‐significant changes. In general, using interactive instead of non‐interactive aerosol–cloud interactions brought the model closer to satellite‐retrieved mean values of the SW CRE. Our results suggest that increasing the horizontal resolution or the complexity of the aerosol–cloud parameterization has a small but statistically significant effect on the SW CRE of marine Sc, in particular over regions with high liquid water content. For these regions, the effect of introducing non‐interactive versus interactive aerosol–cloud interactions is about as large as increasing the horizontal resolution from medium to high.
Efficient Synthesis of Solketal from Glycerol and Acetone Catalyzed by FeCl3 /γ‐Al2O3**
Authors: Zhang Tiantian , Xin Xiulan , Liao Shan , Liu Hongqin , Yu Yang , Xu Baocai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe porous spherical alumina (γ‐Al2O3) as catalyst support was prepared by sol‐gel method, and FeCl3/γ‐Al2O3 materials were prepared by impregnation method. The FeCl3/γ‐Al2O3 materials were used as catalyst in the Solketal production process by acetalization of acetone and glycerol, showing considerable catalytic performance. When the molar ratio of glycerol and acetone was 1 : 10, 0.2 mol% FeCl3/γ‐Al2O3 was used as the catalyst, and the reaction was carried out at 25 °C for 30 min, the conversion of glycerol was 99.89 %, the selectivity of Solketal was 98.36 %, and the yield of Solketal reached 98.25 %. The mechanism is due to the spherical γ‐Al2O3 support has high thermal stability, large specific surface area, and rich pore structure, encouraging abundant active sites and high catalytic activity of FeCl3 for the acetalization reaction. Thereafter, the experimental results prove that the prepared FeCl3/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst can be easily recovered and reused many times, indicating its great value for large‐scale research and application in the future.
Investigation of Cardioprotective Activity of Silybin: Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and In Vivo Studies
Authors: Kumar Pasala Praveen , Donakonda Madhuri , Dintakurthi Prasanth S. N. B. K. , Rudrapal Mithun , Gouru Sampath A. , Ruksana Kolla 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe abundant health benefits of silybin are known to benefit people with myocardial infarction (MI). However, their mechanisms of action are not precise. To address this problem, network pharmacology was used to identify the various components that can be utilized to treat this condition, and an in vivo study was conducted to evaluate the cardioprotective effect in MI rats. Genes associated with silybin and MI targets were extracted, and overlapping genes between silybin‐associated genes and MI targets were identified using Venn diagrams. Using Cytoscape, we built, visualized, and analyzed a network of compounds and genes with pathways. Protein‐protein interaction network (PPI), gene ontology (GO) function enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes, and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of the core targets were performed to predict its mechanism. A molecular docking study assessed the affinity between silybin and the top three genes. ECG pattern, serum CK‐MB, LDH, serum and heart tissue antioxidants, SOD and catalase in isoproterenol‐induced MI rats were used to test the cardioprotective effect of silybin. Silybin‐related genes (114) and MI‐related genes (1800) were identified, and 74 genes overlapped, in which the degrees of AKT1, TNF‐α and IL‐6 were higher than those of other targets are the disease target precisely. The enrichment of the gene set‐based indicated that the PI3K‐Akt, TNF‐α, IL‐17, VEGF, and HIF‐1 signaling pathways were significantly involved in the mechanisms of silybin against MI. The QRS complex of the ECG of silybin‐treated MI rats was restored to normal ECG and significantly increased serum (p<0.0001***) and heart tissue (p<0.0001***) SOD and serum (p<0.001**) and heart tissue (p<0.001**) catalase compared to MI rats. This study embodies the complex network relationship of multi‐target and multiple pathways of silybin in the treatment of MI and provides a novel method for further research on the mechanism of silybin. It has been suggested that silybin alleviates the symptoms of MI by improving antioxidant levels through the PI3K‐Akt/HIF‐1 pathway.
An Expedient Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrazole‐Based Aurone Analogs
Authors: Myshko Andrii , Mrug Galyna , Kondratyuk Kostyantyn , Demydchuk Bohdan , Bondarenko Svitlana , Frasinyuk Mykhaylo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe efficient methods for the synthesis of pyrazole‐based aurones were developed. It was shown that reaction of benzofuran‐3(2H)‐ones with 1H‐pyrazole‐3(5)/4‐carboxaldehydes or 4‐[(dimethylamino)methylene]‐2,4‐dihydro‐3H‐pyrazol‐3‐ones led to formation of the 2‐pyrazolylmethylene‐1‐benzofuran‐3(2H)‐ones or 2‐[(3(5)‐hydroxy‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)methylene]‐1‐benzofuran‐3(2H)‐ones respectively while the reaction of 2‐[(dimethylamino)methylene]‐1‐benzofuran‐3(2H)‐ones with 1‐methyl‐5‐aminopyrazoles led to formation of 2‐[(5‐amino‐1‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)methylene]‐1‐benzofuran‐3(2H)‐ones and 1‐methyl‐1H‐[1]benzofuro[3,2‐b]pyrazolo[4,3‐e]pyridines as minor products.
Improved Electrochemical Performance of Ni2P2O7 and Mn‐doped Ni2P2O7 Electrode Materials for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Nivetha Somasundaram , Prabahar Subramaniam , Karunakaran Ramasamy Thiyagarajan , Ganth Murugesan Narendhera , Boobalan Thangavelu , Dhinesh Subramanian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe development of electrode materials for supercapacitors is really progressive and it still poses a huge challenge for researchers in many aspects. Doping of transition metals is indeed effective method because fast interfacial charge transfer kinetics has demonstrated their potential supercapacitive nature. The present work submits the structural, morphological and electrochemical performances of nickel pyrophosphate (Ni2P2O7) and manganese doped nickel pyrophosphate (Mn‐Ni2P2O7) thin film electrodes synthesized by chemical bath deposition method. The crystal structure of Ni2P2O7 obtained through X‐ray diffraction (XRD) is confirmed to be monoclinic which remains unaltered despite of Mn doping concentration. Morphological studies reveal that crystalline phase of Mn is intimately anchored on the surface of Ni2P2O7 which is beneficial for better charge transfer between transition metal and transition metal phosphates. A specific capacitance value of 603 F/g is obtained for 3 M concentration of Mn doped Ni2P2O7 from galvanostatic charge‐discharge curve at current density 1 A/g. This value is noticeably higher than what is obtained for the pure Ni2P2O7 indicating that Mn doping enhances the electrochemical performance of Ni2P2O7 thin films.
Heavy Metals in Tattoo Inks: Developing an Analytical Methodology for Accessing Customer Safety
Authors: Di Gaudio Francesca , Amorello Diana , Ferrara Marzia , Orecchio Santino , Orecchio Silvia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTattoo inks contains metal salts or different types of coloured organic molecules. To the best of our knowledge, there are few data on the concentration of hazardous metals in tattoo inks sold online or by makeshift hawkers. The aim of this work was to organize an analytical methodology to ensure the simultaneous quantitative determination of 18 elements in a complex matrix, like inks for tattooing, by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. The total concentrations of metals in the 16 analysed tattoo ink samples ranged from 0.060 to 16.9 g kg−1. Zinc is the most present metal in the samples, in fact it is in the range 3.4–13882 mg kg−1. In three of the 16 samples the zinc concentrations exceed those required by legislation (2000 μg g−1). Cr concentration in all cases is higher than allowed (0.5 μg g−1). The weight loss by heating the ink samples to 105 °C and, subsequently, to 550 °C showed that in all cases the volatile component (ethanol, solvents, etc.) varies from 48 (Wh1) to 95 %, while the percentages of the residue at 550 °C ranged from 0 % (BK0) to 47 % (Wh1). Considering values limit, four of analysed samples should not be used by tattoo artists.
Dickdarmerkrankungen in Computertomographie und Magnetresonanztomographie
Authors: Scharitzer Martina , Lampichler Katharina , Popp Sabine , Mang Thomas 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Eine frühzeitige Diagnose von luminalen Dickdarmerkrankungen ist von wesentlicher klinischer Bedeutung, um eine rechtzeitige optimierte Therapie beginnen und Komplikationen frühzeitig erkennen zu können.

Ziel der Arbeit
Diese Arbeit soll einen Überblick über den Einsatz radiologischer Methoden bei der Diagnose neoplastischer und entzündlicher luminaler Erkrankungen des Kolons vermitteln. Dabei werden charakteristische morphologische Merkmale diskutiert und gegenübergestellt.

Material und Methoden
Anhand einer ausführlichen Literaturrecherche wird der aktuelle Wissensstand bezüglich der bildgebenden Diagnostik luminaler Pathologien des Dickdarms und ihrer Bedeutung im Patientenmanagement dargestellt.

Ergebnisse
Durch die technologischen Fortschritte in der Bildgebung ist die Diagnose von neoplastischen und entzündlichen Kolonerkrankungen mittels abdominaler Computertomographie (CT) und Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) zum etablierten Standard geworden. Die Bildgebung erfolgt im Rahmen der Erstdiagnose bei klinisch symptomatischen Patienten, zum Ausschluss von Komplikationen, für eine Verlaufsbeurteilung unter Therapie sowie als optionale Screeningmethode bei asymptomatischen Personen.

Diskussion
Die genaue Kenntnis der radiologischen Erscheinungsformen der zahlreichen luminalen Krankheitsbilder, dem typischen Verteilungsmuster und den charakteristischen Darmwandveränderungen sind wesentlich, um die diagnostische Entscheidungsfähigkeit zu verbessern.
Geochemistry of indium in magmatic-hydrothermal tin and sulfide deposits of the Herberton Mineral Field, Australia
Authors: Kumar Avish A. , Sanislav Ioan V. , Cathey Henrietta E. , Dirks Paul H. G. M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Herberton Mineral Field in Northeast
Australia hosts world class magmatic-hydrothermal Sn–W polymetallic deposits that are enriched in In. The Baal Gammon and Isabel deposits from the Herberton Mineral Field contains early tin, as cassiterite, overprinted by sulfide mineralization as chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, pyrrhotite, and stannite. We investigated the distribution of In in the sulfide ores from these two deposits, calculated the temperature of formation via sphalerite-stannite geothermometer, and deduced the physicochemical conditions favorable for enriching In in this mineralizing environment. The Baal Gammon deposit is dominated by chalcopyrite, with In contained in chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and stannite. The average In concentrations measured by EPMA in chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and stannite are 0.10, 0.68, and 0.92 wt%, respectively. Chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and sphalerite textures indicate that In incorporation occurred during exsolution from an intermediate solid solution of cubanite composition. The Isabel deposit is dominated by sphalerite associated with galena and contains only minor amounts of chalcopyrite. The average concentration of In in sphalerite from the Isabel deposit is 0.11 wt%. The stannite-sphalerite geothermometer indicates mineralization temperatures of ~ 290 °C at the Baal Gammon deposit, and ~ 307 °C at the Isabel deposit. At these temperatures, the physicochemical modeling suggests that stable In chlorine complexes occur in acidic conditions (pH < 3). These results when combined with the Eh–pH phase model of the sulfide assemblage further constrain the redox conditions during mineralization.
Nutritional status of refugee children living in temporary settlements in Europe and MENA region: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Benjeddi Hanaâ , Kwee Derre , Gruppen Mariken , van der Kuip Martijn , van Hensbroek Michaël Boele , Furth Marceline Tutu-van 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
An estimated 41% of all forcibly displaced people are children [1]. Many of these children may live in refugee camps, under poor conditions, for years. The health status of children when arriving in these camps is often not recorded, nor is there a good insight into the impact of camp life on their health. We systematically reviewed the evidence concerning the nutritional status of children living in refugee camps in the European and Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regions. We searched Pubmed, Embase, and Global Index Medicus. The primary outcome was the prevalence of stunting, and the secondary outcome was the prevalence of wasting and being overweight. Out of 1385 studies identified, 12 studies were selected, covering 7009 children from fourteen different refugee camps in the Europe and MENA region. There was great heterogeneity among the included studies, which showed that there was a pooled prevalence of stunting of 16% (95% confidence interval 9.9–23%, I2 95%, p < 0.01) and of wasting of 4.2% (95% CI 1.82–6.49%, I2 97%, p < 0.01). Anthropometric measurements were done at random points in time during the children’s camp period. However, no study had a longitudinal design, describing the effect of camp life on the nutritional status. Conclusion: This review showed that there is a relatively high prevalence of stunting and a low prevalence of wasting among refugee children. However, the nutritional status of children when entering the camp and the effect of camp life on their health is not known. This information is critical in order to inform policymakers and to create awareness concerning the health of the most vulnerable group of refugees.

What is Known:

• Migration is a core determinant of health for children.

• There are risk factors at every stage of a refugee child’s journey that lead to compromised health.

What is New:

• There is a relatively high prevalence of stunting (16%) and a low prevalence of wasting (4.2%) among refugee children living in refugee camps in Europe and the Middle East and North Africa region.
The traits of Autism Spectrum Disorder and bullying victimization in an epidemiological population
Authors: Junttila Maria , Kielinen M. , Jussila K. , Joskitt L. , Mäntymaa M. , Ebeling H. , Mattila M.-L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAutistic children (Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD) show an increased risk of bullying victimization and often face challenges in communication and peer relationships. However, it is unclear to what extent the amount and quality of ASD traits are associated with bullying victimization. This study examined the association of bullying victimization and ASD traits in an epidemiological population of 8-year-old children (n = 4408) using parent and teacher completed Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaires (ASSQs), both separately and combined. The ASSQ items relating to loneliness and social isolation, lack of co-operating skills, clumsiness and lack of common sense were associated with victimization in the study population. The higher the ASSQ scores, the more the children were victimized: the ASSQ scores increased in parallel with victimization from 0 (0% victimized) to 45 (64% victimized). The victimization rate was 46% in ASD sample, 2% in the total population sample and 2% in the non-ASD population sample. The results enable more targeted means for recognizing potential victimization.
Causality of circular supply chain management in small and medium-sized enterprises using qualitative information: a waste management practices approach in Indonesia
Authors: Tseng Ming-Lang , Li Shu-Xian , Lim Ming K. , Bui Tat-Dat , Yuliyanto Muhamat Ridho , Iranmanesh Mohammad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCircular supply chain management (CSCM) is a promising way to achieve economic and environmental sustainability and address the waste problem. However, developing a fully circular supply chain system is costly and time-consuming, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs need to achieve better CSCM by implementing waste management practices. This study aims to (1) critically validate the hierarchical structure of CSCM for SMEs; (2) identify the causal interrelationships among the attributes; and (3) determine the practical attributes for SME improvement in Indonesia. An approach consisting of the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM), best worse method (BWM), and fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (FDEMATEL) is designed to fulfill the objectives of this study. The results show the hierarchical structure in CSCM implementation that benefit SMEs through performance improvement gains. Waste management practices and circular product design are causal aspects; in particular, waste management practices support SMEs in building CSCM as an alternative. The criteria to provide practical insights for CSCM in Indonesia are eco-design, sustainable product design, green technology, waste treatment capability, and designing for the environment.
A Carboxy-terminal Smarcb1 Point Mutation Induces Hydrocephalus Formation and Affects AP-1 and Neuronal Signalling Pathways in Mice
Authors: Brugmans Aliska K. , Walter Carolin , Moreno Natalia , Göbel Carolin , Holdhof Dörthe , de Faria Flavia W. , Hotfilder Marc , Jeising Daniela , Frühwald Michael C. , Skryabin Boris V. , Rozhdestvensky Timofey S. , Wachsmuth Lydia , Faber Cornelius , Dugas Martin , Varghese Julian , Schüller Ulrich , Albert Thomas K. , Kerl Kornelius 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe BAF (BRG1/BRM-associated factor) chromatin remodelling complex is essential for the regulation of DNA accessibility and gene expression during neuronal differentiation. Mutations of its core subunit SMARCB1 result in a broad spectrum of pathologies, including aggressive rhabdoid tumours or neurodevelopmental disorders. Other mouse models have addressed the influence of a homo- or heterozygous loss of Smarcb1, yet the impact of specific non-truncating mutations remains poorly understood. Here, we have established a new mouse model for the carboxy-terminal Smarcb1 c.1148del point mutation, which leads to the synthesis of elongated SMARCB1 proteins. We have investigated its impact on brain development in mice using magnetic resonance imaging, histology, and single-cell RNA sequencing. During adolescence, Smarcb11148del/1148del mice demonstrated rather slow weight gain and frequently developed hydrocephalus including enlarged lateral ventricles. In embryonic and neonatal stages, mutant brains did not differ anatomically and histologically from wild-type controls. Single-cell RNA sequencing of brains from newborn mutant mice revealed that a complete brain including all cell types of a physiologic mouse brain is formed despite the SMARCB1 mutation. However, neuronal signalling appeared disturbed in newborn mice, since genes of the AP-1 transcription factor family and neurite outgrowth-related transcripts were downregulated. These findings support the important role of SMARCB1 in neurodevelopment and extend the knowledge of different Smarcb1 mutations and their associated phenotypes.
Armed conflict and academic performance. A spatial approach for Colombia
Authors: Ariza John , Saldarriaga Juan Pablo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the incidence of the Colombian armed conflict on the academic performance of secondary students at the municipal level for the years 2003 and 2017. By using a General Nesting Spatial model, results suggest the conflict negatively affects academic performance. In 2003, a period of high conflict intensity, terrorist population attacks showed both direct and indirect negative effects on the test scores. In 2017, a period of low intensity, only direct negative effects were reported for the variables of forced displaced people, homicides, and victims of threat.
Proof of Concept for Fast Equation of State Development Using an Integrated Experimental–Computational Approach
Authors: Frotscher Ophelia , Martinek Viktor , Fingerhut Robin , Yang Xiaoxian , Vrabec Jadran , Herzog Roland , Richter Markus 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA multitude of industries, including energy and process engineering, as well as academia are researching and utilizing new fluid substances to further the aim of sustainability. Knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of these substances is a prerequisite, if they are to be utilized to their fullest potential. To date, the way to acquire reliable knowledge of the thermodynamic behavior is through measurements. The ensuing experimental data are then used to develop equations of state, which efficiently embody the gained knowledge of the behavior of the fluid substance, allow for interpolation and, to some extent, extrapolation. However, the acquisition of low-uncertainty experimental data, and thus the development of accurate equations of state, is often time-consuming and expensive. For substances for which suitable force field models exist, molecular modeling and simulation are well-suited to generate thermodynamic data or to augment experimental data, however, at the expense of larger uncertainties. The major goal of this work is to present a new approach for the development of equations of state using (1) symbolic regression, which is a machine learning based model development approach, (2) optimal experimental design, and (3) efficient data acquisition. We demonstrate this approach using the example of density data of an air-like binary mixture ($$0.2094\,\hbox {O}_{2}\,+\,0.7906\,\hbox {N}_{2}$$

0.2094

O
2

+

0.7906

N
2

) over the temperature range from $${100}\,{\textrm{K}}$$

100

K

to $${300}\,{\textrm{K}}$$

300

K

at pressures of up to $${8}\,{\textrm{MPa}}$$

8

MPa

, which covers the gaseous, liquid, and supercritical regions. For this purpose, an experimental data set published by von Preetzmann et al. (Int. J. Thermophys. 42, 2021) and molecular simulation data sampled in this work are used. The two data sets are compared in terms of acquisition time, cost, and uncertainty, showing that an optimized combination of experimental and simulation data leads to lower cost while maintaining low uncertainties.