bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Case of a Combination of Endocrine, Metabolic, and Mental
Pathologies: Hypopituitarism Associated with Organic Personality Disorder
Authors: Marzoog Basheer Abdullah 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Psychiatric disorders are difficult to assess, diagnose, and treat in most cases. The present case describes an extremely rare psychological disorder in combination with metabolic and endocrine insufficiency.

Case Presentation:
The condition of a 7-year-old child with inherited psychopathology from his father was found to be aggravated by his mother's alcoholism. The child was delivered in emergency from a primigravida/primipara mother due to preeclampsia and premature membrane rupture. The examinations involved clinical signs and symptoms and instrumental and laboratory findings. All laboratory results were compared with the normal range of the local laboratory. The results of the examination showed pronounced impairment in learning and controlling behavior, and communication, as well as moderate impairment in orientation.

Results:
The future consequences and complications are poorly understood. Management guidelines for such complicated cases are underdeveloped.

Conclusion:
The child was managed by diet correction, potassium iodide and hormone replacement therapy, calcium supplement, nootropics with 2 courses per year, examination by a urologist and pediatric endocrinologist 2 times a year, and hospitalization after 6 months of treatment.
Impact of Statin or Fibrate Therapy on Homocysteine Concentrations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Akbari Abolfazl , Islampanah Muhammad , Arhaminiya Hadise , Alvandi Fard Mohammad Mahdi , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:Statins and fibrates are two lipid-lowering drugs used in patients with dyslipidemia. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine the magnitude of the effect of statin and fibrate therapy on serum homocysteine levels.Methods:A search was undertaken of the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar electronic databases up to 15 July 2022. Primary endpoints focused on plasma homocysteine levels. Data were quantitatively analyzed using fixed or random- effect models, as appropriate. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the drugs and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of statins.Results:After screening 1134 papers, 52 studies with a total of 20651 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The analysis showed a significant decrease in plasma homocysteine levels after statin therapy (WMD: -1.388 μmol/L, 95% CI: [-2.184, -0.592], p = 0.001; I2 = 95%). However, fibrate therapy significantly increased plasma homocysteine levels (WMD: 3.459 μmol/L, 95% CI: [2.849, 4.069], p < 0.001; I2 = 98%). The effect of atorvastatin and simvastatin depended on the dose and duration of treatment (atorvastatin [coefficient: 0.075 [0.0132, 0.137]; p = 0.017, coefficient: 0.103 [0.004, 0.202]; p = 0.040, respectively] and simvastatin [coefficient: -0.047 [-0.063, -0.031]; p < 0.001, coefficient: 0.046 [0.016, 0.078]; p = 0.004]), whereas the effect of fenofibrate persisted over time (coefficient: 0.007 [-0.011, 0.026]; p = 0.442) and was not altered by a change in dosage (coefficient: -0.004 [-0.031, 0.024]; p = 0.798). In addition, the greater homocysteine- lowering effect of statins was associated with higher baseline plasma homocysteine concentrations (coefficient: -0.224 [-0.340, -0.109]; p < 0.001).Conclusion:Fibrates significantly increased homocysteine levels, whereas statins significantly decreased them.
An Investigation into the Effects of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and
Herbal Compounds on Neuroglobin: A Literature Review
Authors: Hamedani Sahar Golpour , Pourmasoumi Makan , Askari Gholamreza , Bagherniya Mohammad , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Neuroglobin (Ngb) is an oxygen-binding globin protein that is mainly expressed
in the neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system. However, moderate
levels of Ngb have also been detected in non-neural tissues. Ngb and Ngb modulating factors
have been increasingly studied over the last decade due to their neuroprotective role
in neurological disorders and hypoxia. Studies have shown that a number of chemicals,
pharmaceuticals, and herbal compounds can modulate the expression of Ngb at different
dose levels, indicating a protective role against neurodegenerative diseases. Iron chelators,
hormones, antidiabetic drugs, anticoagulants, antidepressants, plant derivatives and
short-chain fatty acids are among these compounds. Therefore, this study aimed to review
the literature focused on the possible effects and mechanisms of chemical, pharmaceutical,
and herbal compounds on Ngbs.
Advancing Tissue Factor-targeted Therapy for Osteosarcoma via Understanding
its Role in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Ichikawa Jiro , Schoenecker Jonathan G. , Tatsuno Rikito , Kawasaki Tomonori , Suzuki-Inoue Katsue , Haro Hirotaka 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Coagulation activation is associated with cancer progression and morbidity. Recently, mechanisms
through which coagulation proteases drive the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been elucidated. This review
aims to develop a new strategy dependent on the coagulation system for treating osteosarcoma (OS). We
focused on tissue factor (TF), the main initiator of the extrinsic coagulant pathway, as a target for OS treatment.
It was found that cell surface-TF, TF-positive extracellular vesicles, and TF-positive circulating tumor cells
could drive progression, metastasis, and TME in carcinomas, including OS. Thus, targeting tumor-associated
coagulation by focusing on TF, the principle catalyst of the extrinsic pathway, TF is a promising target for OS.
Apoptosis-inducing Plant-based Phenolic Compounds are Effective on Leukemia
Cell Lines
Authors: Soltani Amin , Shams Abadi Milad Shahini , Raeisi Mohammad , Kouhihabibidehkordi Golnoush , Eshaghi Farzane , Mohreh Omid , Rafieian-Kopaei Mahmoud 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Numerous natural compounds have been identified that are able to induce apoptosis in cancer cells.
These compounds have various chemical properties and are found in medicinal plants, vegetables, and fruits
that are commonly consumed by humans. Phenols represent important compounds, which have been demonstrated
to induce apoptosis in cancer cells, and some of the involved mechanisms have also been determined.
The most important and abundant phenolic compounds are tannins, caffeic acid, capsaicin, gallic acid, resveratrol,
and curcumin. Induction of apoptosis with the least or no toxicity to natural tissues is one of the useful effects
of many plant-based bioactive compounds. Phenols, with anticancer potency at different degrees, serve to
induce apoptosis through different pathways, including both extrinsic (Fas) and intrinsic (calcium release, ROS
increase, DNA degradation, and mitochondrial membrane impairment). In this review, we report these compounds
and their apoptosis-inducing mechanisms. Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a precise and systematic
mechanism that is aimed at removing damaged or abnormal cells and is very useful to control, treat, and
prevent cancer. Apoptotic cells are characterized by specific morphological features and molecular expression.
In addition to physiological stimuli, there are many external factors that can be useful for inducing apoptosis.
Also, these compounds can affect the regulatory proteins of the apoptotic pathways, such as the apoptotic proteins
(Bid and BAX) and antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2). Taking these compounds and their molecular mechanisms
into account can help use them in combination with chemical drugs and develop new drugs.
The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Value of NCAPG as a Proposed Biomarker
Candidate in Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Zhang Lu , Ma Tao , Yan Yang , Chen Yu-Yan , Zhu Xin-Hua , Ren Hao-Zhen 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Acute Liver Failure (ALF) is a difficult problem to solve in clinical practice.
The presence of non-SMC condensin I complex subunit G (NCAPG) has previously been
linked to vascular invasion of digestive system tumors, foreshadowing poor prognosis. Its role in
ALF biology, however, remains unknown. This article explores the role of NCAPG as a potential
biomarker candidate for the accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment of ALF.

Methods:
The study included transcription data (GSE14668, GSE38941, GSE62029, GSE96851,
and GSE120652) of ALF, normal tissues, and clinical samples, where NCAPG was selected as the
differential gene by the “DESeq2” R package to analyze the immune cell functions and signal
pathways. Furthermore, RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses were used to confirm the RNA and
protein levels of NCAPG in ALF cell models, respectively.

Results:
Bioinformatics analysis revealed that NACPG was up-regulated in ALF tissues, and the
functional signaling pathway was primarily associated with immune infiltration. Based on the results
of clinical samples, we suggest that NCAPG was overexpressed in ALF tissues. We also
found that the expression of NCAPG increased with the degree of liver injury in vitro. Enrichment
analysis suggested that NCAPG influenced ALF as a PI3K/AKT pathway activator.

Conclusion:
Our study suggests that NCAPG is a preliminary tool for the diagnosis of ALF. It can
affect ALF via the PI3K/AKT pathway and is a potential therapeutic target to improve prognosis.
An Investigation into the Potential Therapeutic Effects of the Qigu
Zhushui Decoction on Mouse Models of Malignant Ascites
Authors: Suo Wei , Wang Xixing , Liu Cong , He Shilin , Liu Likun , Hao Shulan 
Published: April 2023

Aim:
To determine whether or not a decoction made from Qigu Zhushui has a suppressive
impact on malignant ascites in mice.

Background:
Malignant ascites are one of the common complications of advanced malignant tumors.
Patients with malignant ascites typically have a poor prognosis, with only 12 to 20 weeks of
survival. Currently, the standard treatments for malignant ascites are systemic chemotherapy,
which is ineffective in eradicating the disease and is associated with issues such as safety, short duration
of sustained high-level drug concentration in localised regions, and drug resistance.

Objective:
To clarify the effect of Qigu Zhushui decoction on inhibiting malignant ascites in mice
and provide the experimental basis for further research.

Methods:
The ascites model of liver cancer in mice was established by intraperitoneal injection of
the H22-H8D8 cell line of liver cancer. ELISA detected the content of CEA, VEGF and TNF-α in
ascites.

Results:
Qigu Zhushui decoction combined with cisplatin group and Qigu Zhushui decoction highdose
group could significantly reduce the weight, abdominal circumference and ascites volume of
mice, and their survival days and survival rate were also greatly improved; The levels of CEA and
VEGF in the combination group decreased significantly, while the level of TNF-α increased; The
level of TNF-a in the high dose group of Qigu Zhushui decoction was significantly increased,
while the level of CEA and VEGF in the moderate dose group was decreased.

Conclusion:
Qigu Zhushui decoction can reduce the malignant ascites in mice, and the combination
of Qigu Zhushui decoction and cisplatin has a significant anti-malignant ascites effect, which
can significantly prolong the survival time and improve the survival rate.
DNA-based Nanomaterials in the Immunotherapy
Authors: Huang Hongxiao , Gao Shaojingya , Cai Xiaoxiao 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Nucleic acid is a genetic material that shows great potential in a variety of biological applications.
With the help of nanotechnology, the fabrication of DNA-based nanomaterials has emerged. From genetic
DNA to non-genetic functional DNA, from single-layer and flat structure to multi-layer and complex structure, and
from two-dimensional to three-dimensional structure, DNA-based nanomaterials have been greatly developed, bringing
significant changes to our lives. In recent years, the research of DNA-based nanomaterials for biological applications
has developed rapidly.

Methods:
We extensively searched the bibliographic database for a research article on nanotechnology and immunotherapy
and further discussed the advantages and drawbacks of current DNA-based nanomaterials in immunotherapy.
By comparing DNA-based nanomaterials with traditional biomaterials applied in immunotherapy, we found that
DNA-based nanomaterials are a promising candidate material in Immunotherapy.

Results:
Due to the unrivaled editability and biocompatibility, DNA-based nanomaterials are not only investigated as
therapeutic particles to influence cell behavior but also as drug delivery systems to treat a variety of diseases. Moreover,
when DNA-based nanomaterials are loaded with therapeutic agents, including chemical drugs and biomolecules,
which significantly enhance the therapeutic effects, DNA-based nanomaterials have great potential in immunotherapy.

Conclusion:
This review summarizes the structural development history of DNA-based nanomaterials and their
biological applications in immunotherapy, including the potential treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases, and
inflammatory diseases.
Reprogramming of Lipid Metabolism in Cancer: New Insight into
Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Saikia Surovi , Ahmed Firdush , Prajapati Bhupendra G. , Padma V. Vijaya , Chorawala Mehul R. , Postwala Humzah I. , Bhattacharya Sankha 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Lipids have received less attention than nucleic acids and proteins, which play a major
role in building up the cell. They are a complex group of biomolecules varying in structure and
function whose complexity can only be revealed by refining the present analytical tools. Lipogenesis
is critical for tumor growth as it has been observed that FA (Fatty Acid) synthesis increases in
many cancers. In this review, we have detailed the causes and concerns for considering lipids as a
trademark for cancer, including other events such as mutations, epigenetic changes, chromosomal
rearrangements, and hormonal stimulations. The process of biomarker development can be heightened
from the critical changes observed in lipid profiling that occur in the reprogramming of lipid
metabolism. The cancer alterations that occur during lipid metabolism and the expression of various
genes during this process have been discussed in detail. The routes through which cancer cells
source lipids for their nourishment and energy need and how FA synthesis contributes to this are
discussed. The various pathways involved in the metabolism of lipid, which has the potential to be
therapeutic targets, are highlighted. Also, the various driving factors critical for lipid metabolism
alterations and the major role played by lipids in cancer and ways of targeting it are critically analyzed.
Simultaneously Inhibiting P-gp Efflux and Drug Recrystallization
Enhanced the Oral Bioavailability of Nintedanib
Authors: Wang Jiandong , Zhang Shujuan , Tan Chunli , Wei Qi , Xiong Subin 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Nintedanib (NDNB) is a novel triple-angiokinase inhibitor for the treatment
of lung cancer. However, the oral bioavailability of NDNB is only 4.7% owing to the poor
solubility and the efflux of P-glycoprotein (P-gp).

Aim:
The aim was to explore the potential applications of a hydrogel of NDNB/hydroxypropyl-β-
cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) complex combined with a strong P-gp inhibitor Itraconazole (ITZ) for
augmenting the oral delivery of NDNB.

Methods:
The NDNB/HP-β-CD complex was prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction
(XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and molecular simulation and was subjected
to in vitro and in situ studies. Then the NDNB/HP-β-CD complex was dispersed in carbopol
934 hydrogel and the gel was evaluated for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics studies.

Results:
The HP-β-CD and NDNB formed complex by van der Waals and hydrogen bonding interaction
forces by XRD, FT-IR, and molecular simulation studies. When the molar ratio of
NDNB/HP-β-CD was 1:20, the complex exhibited high drug inclusion efficiency and excellent
stability. The in situ perfusion results revealed that the permeability of the combination of complex
and ITZ enhanced about 3.0-fold compared with the NDNB solution. The oral bioavailability
of the sequential administration of ITZ and NDNB/HP-β-CD complex gels was increased 3.5-fold
by preventing recrystallization, extending the residence time in the gastrointestinal tract, and inhibiting
P-gp in comparison with NDNB soft capsules. The co-therapy with NDNB/HP-β-CD
complex gels and ITZ exerted a strong anti-tumor effect.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, NDNB/HP-β-CD complex gels combined with P-gp inhibitor were a
potential strategy for enhancing the oral bioavailability and anti-tumor effect of NDNB.
Wnt/β-catenin Signaling in Lung Cancer: Association with Proliferation, Metastasis, and Therapy Resistance
Authors: Entezari Maliheh , Deldar Abad Paskeh Mahshid , Orouei Sima , Kakavand Amirabbas , Rezaei Shamin , Sadat Hejazi Elahe , Pashootan Parya , Nazdari Naghmeh , Tavakolpournegari Alireza , Hashemi Mehrdad , Salimimoghadam Shokooh , Mirzaei Sepideh , Taheriazam Afshin , Samarghandian Saeed 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:The capacity of cancer cells for abnormal growth and metastasis has made it difficult to find a cure for tumor. Both males and females suffer from lung tumors, and physicians still deem them incurable. The initiation and development of lung tumors can be forced by genomic mutations. Wnt is a critical pathway for regulating growth, differentiation and migration. However, its oncogenic function has been observed in lung cancer. Wnt is able to increase the proliferation of lung tumors. The metastasis potential of lung tumors can be accelerated by Wnt/EMT axis. Overexpression of Wnt/β-catenin prevents chemotherapy-mediated cell death in lung tumors. This pathway promotes cancer stem cell features in lung tumors which induce radioresistance. Anti-cancer agents, such as curcumin, are able to inhibit Wnt in lung tumor treatment. Wnt interaction with other factors in lung tumors is essential in controlling biological behavior, and non-coding RNA transcripts are the most well-known ones. It can be concluded from the current study that Wnt is an important regulator of lung tumorigenesis, and the translation of these findings into the clinic is vital.
Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: Current and Emerging Therapeutic
Strategies
Authors: Singh Ankita , Kumar Jitendra , Kumar Vijay 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
The chronic infection of the hepatitis B virus (CHB) represents a major public health problem worldwide. Despite the availability of an effective prophylactic vaccine, millions of hepati-tis B patients are at increased risk of developing chronic liver disease. The currently available treatments for HBV infection include interferon and nucleos(t)ide analogues that are effective at suppressing viral load and preventing or delaying the progression of liver disease. However, these treatments offer somewhat unsatisfactory clinical cures due to the persistence of the intrahepatic pool of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) that serves as a reservoir for viral progenies and a potential source of recurring infections. Elimination of viral cccDNA remains a challenge for sci-entists and pharmaceutical industries in order to achieve the eradication and control of HBV infec-tion. This would involve a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cccDNA for-mation, its intracellular stability, and regulation during replication and transcription. Recent ad-vances in drug therapy have heralded a new horizon of novel therapeutic approaches for CHB infec-tion, with several promising antiviral and immunomodulatory agents currently in preclinical or clin-ical testing. However, approval of any new curative therapy would involve rigorous evaluation of the efficacy and safety of each treatment and defining correct endpoints associated with improved clinical outcomes. This article summarizes the current landscape of HBV treatments, and drugs in clinical trials and highlights the most recent anti-HBV small molecules designed to directly target HBV or to improve immune response during chronic infection.
Restraint of Starch-hydrolyzing Enzyme in the Management of Postprandial Blood Glucose Level: An Alternative Approach
Authors: Sani Deedarul Hyder , Sarker Parth , Alam Md. Jahangir 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Diabetes is a multifaceted metabolic condition defined by postprandial hyperglycemia
with perturbances in the majority of the metabolic systems in the human body. α-amylase is a key
enzyme present in pancreatic juice and saliva that converts one of the common food sources i.e., starch
molecules into absorbable molecules and raises plasma glucose levels. Reducing starch digestion by the
inhibitors of starch hydrolyzing enzymes could be an intriguing strategy for improved postprandial hyperglycemia
management.

Objective:
The present research work was undertaken to evaluate the inhibition potential of natural inhibitors
of α-amylase from Trichosanthes dioica (pointed gourd) and Moringa oleifera (moringa leaves) extracts
in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo cytotoxicity assessment was also conducted through brine shrimp
lethality bioassay.

Methods:
Different organic solvents (namely acetone, ethanol, and methanol) were used to isolate plant
extracts. DNS (3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid) was used to conduct the α-amylase inhibition assay. The safety of
the natural inhibitors was determined by the most common technique i.e, brine shrimp lethality bioassay.

Results:
Among all the different organic solvent extracts, pointed gourd and its peel exhibited the highest
α-amylase inhibition activity (64.03 ± 7.33–69.40 ± 9.38%) which is very close to standard α-amylase
inhibitor acarbose (72.34 ± 4.23%) whereas moringa leaves showed moderate inhibition activities (59.10
± 5.25–62.03 ± 1.77%). The cytotoxicity of pointed gourd and its peel was higher while moringa leaves
demonstrated lower toxicity.

Conclusion:
Considering the inhibition rate and cytotoxicity, pointed gourd ethanol extract (Inhibition:
67.43 ± 11.80%; Cytotoxicity: 209.98 μg/mL) would be the best candidate for managing postprandial
hyperglycemia.