bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Blended Learning in Nursing Education at the Middle Region in Iraq
Authors: Murtadha Younes Mohammed  
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective(s): To evaluate blended learning in nursing education at the Middle Region in Iraq.
Methodology: A descriptive study, using evaluation approach, is conducted to evaluate blended learning in nursing education in Middle Region in Iraq from September 26th, 2021 to March 22nd, 2022. The study is carried out at two Colleges of Nursing at the University of Baghdad and University of Tikrit in Iraq. A convenient, non-probability, sample of (60) undergraduate nursing students is selected. The sample is comprised of (30) student from each college of nursing, Self-report questionnaire is constructed from the literature, for evaluating the blended learning in nursing education at these colleges of nursing. The instrument consists of two parts which they include students’ socio-demographic data and evaluation of blended learning in nursing education. A pilot study is conducted for the determination of the study instrument's content validity and internal consistency reliability.
Results: The findings indicate that Colleges of Nursing at the Middle Region in Iraq have experienced fair performance of blended learning relative to its domains in nursing education.
Conclusion: It is discovered, in the present study, that the blended learning program
application is not influenced by learners’ demographic characteristics of age, gender, grade, family monthly income and residency.
Recommendations: The study recommends that the implementation blended learning in nursing education should be seriously monitored for the benefits of the colleges of nursing, instructors and learners, supportive alternatives should be presented to both of the instructors and learners.
Effectiveness of the Health Action Process Approach on Promoting the Health Behaviors of Male High School Students in Al-Rusafa District
Authors: Jawad Fadhel 
Published: June 2023

Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate health behavior, evaluate Health Action Process Approach, determine the effectiveness of the Health Action Process Approach based the application of program on students’ engaging in regular physical exercise.
Methodology: The research design for this study was a quasi-experimental. The study sample included high school male students, the final sample size was(160 ) Non-probability sampling (convenience sample) are chosen, (80) students study group and (80) students control group.
Results: The results show there was no statistically significant difference in the HAPA constructs among family's socioeconomic class groups and less than a half of participants in the study group that perform exercise regularly with longer interruptions. More than a half of participants in the study group they perform exercise during the week at least three times or more often for 30 minutes, to the extent of sweating (n = 41; 51.25) were compared to the control group (n = 31; 38.75%). There was a significant difference in the students' Motivational Self-Efficacy for exercising regularly, Coping Self-Efficacy for staying physically active, Smoking Outcomes Expectancies, and Anti-Smoking Self-Efficacy.
Conclusions: The study concluded the Health Action Process Approach has positive effect on promoting health behavior, it is enhancing the study group students' motivation self-efficacy, coping self-efficacy for staying physically active.
Recommendations: Based on the results of the present study the researcher recommends applying the health process approach to enhance students’ healthy behaviors.
Development of a User-Informed Social Resource Guide to Improve Identification and Management of Psychosocial Concerns: A Model for the Free Clinic Setting
Authors: Peoples Nicholas , Fang Mary , Kontoyiannis Panayiotis , Andrews Colton , Clark Dana 
Published: June 2023

Background: Resource guides, which consolidate information on community resources, are an important tool for linking vulnerable patients to social and health services. Many existing guides, however, are 1) out-of-date, 2) lack user-friendly design features, and 3) lack instructions for how to access services. We describe an effort to optimize a social resource guide for people experiencing homelessness, where the process may serve as a model for other free clinic settings.
Methods: From April 2021 to April 2022, we launched a phased social liaison volunteer program at HOMES Clinic, driving the development of a unique community-informed social resource guide. Specifically, we 1) collected and verified word-of-mouth data from the userbase of various social services (i.e. “street smarts”), and 2) designed a user-friendly interface with easy-to-use deliverables for patients.
Results: The HOMES Social Resource Guide facilitates care coordination in both the clinic and street settings. A key design feature is that information for each resource is condensed into a 3.5x2.0” card that fits easily into pockets or wallets. The front contains logistic information (e.g., hours, location, phone) and the back describes how to qualify for and access each service. Cards are organized into a binder and provided to patients by trained volunteers in a need-based manner. Since qualifying for many services is contingent upon first meeting other milestones, the guide includes algorithms to ensure we provide all necessary information to meet any identified need. Information is re-verified/updated every six months. The platform is cost-effective: the raw materials together cost $20.
Discussion: While resource guides are not a new invention, we propose that our increased emphasis on simplicity, user-friendliness, community participation, and meeting end-user needs offer clear advantages over other common design paradigms. These principles may be relevant to other free clinics in meeting the diverse needs of underserved populations.
أثر وحدة دراسية في الرياضيات مصممة في ضوء مدخل (STEM) التكاملي في تنمية حل المشكلات الرياضية لدى الطلبة المتفوقين في المرحلة الثانوية
Authors: العاصمي فهد محمد غالب محمد 
Published: June 2023

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف إلى أثر وحدة دراسية في الرياضيات مصممة في ضوء مدخل (STEM) التكاملي في تنمية حل المشكلات الرياضية لدى الطلبة المتفوقين في المرحلة الثانوية، ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة استُخدم المنهج شبه التجريبي ذو التصميم القائم على المجموعتين المتكافئتين، تكونت عينة الدراسة من (60) طالباً من طلاب الصف الثاني الثانوي في ثانوية جمال الناصر للمتفوقين- بأمانة العاصمة، وقد اختيرت شعبتين: إحداهما تمثل المجموعة التجريبية، وعددها(30) طالباً، والأخرى تمثل المجموعة الضابطة، وعددها (30) طالباً، وصمم الباحث اختبار مهارات حل المشكلات، كما صمم الباحث الوحدة الدراسية في ضوء مدخل STEM.
وقد أظهرت الدراسة النتائج الآتية:

وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة (α≤05) بين متوسطي درجات طلاب المجموعة الضابطة، والمجموعة التجريبية في الاختبار البعدي لحل المشكلات الرياضية لصالح المجموعة التجريبية.
وجود أثر كبير للوحدة الدراسية المصممة في ضوء مدخل (STEM) في تنمية حل المشكلات.
تأثير مستخلصات بعض النباتات الطبية في إنبات وقوة البادرة لمحصول البرسيم Trifolium alexandreum L
Authors: Abdullhussein Taif M. , Al- Hasnawy Riyadh A. , AL-Selawy Razaq L . , Kashkool Haider R. , Alkanany Ahmad A. , Muhamed Mustafa 
Published: June 2023

نفذت تجربة مختبرية في مختبرات كلية الزراعة /جامعة كربلاء خلال العام 2015 بهدف تأثير المستخلصات المائية للنباتات الطبية في انبات وقوة البادرة لمحصول البرسيم وتحديد أفضل مستخلص نباتي. استخدم التصميم العشوائي الكامل CRD بثلاث مكررات وعامل واحد المستخلصات المائية T1) المقارنة= ماء مقطرو=T2 الحلبة وT3= الحبة الحلوة وT4= الحبة السوداء وT5=الكمون).اظهرت النتائج ان معاملة المستخلص T5 أدت الى زيادة معنوية في النسبة المئوية للإنبات بلغت 98.33% و طول الرويشة بلغت 4.21 ملغم والوزن الجاف للرويشة بلغ 22.70 ملغم .بينما أعطت المعاملتان T5وT4 اعلى سرعة انبات بلغت 5.03 بذرة.اليوم-1 و4.75 بذرة.اليوم-1 واعلى قوة بادرة بلغت 23.28 و21.88 و اعلى طول جذير بلغ 1.61سم و1.47 سم واعلى وزن جاف للجذير بلغ 8.13 ملغم و7.85 ملغم على التتابع في حين أعطت معاملة المقارنةT1 اقل متوسط لنسبة المئوية للإنبات و سرعة الانبات وقوة البادرة وطول الجذير وطول الرويشة والوزن الجاف للجذير والوزن الجاف للرويشة بلغت 92.33% و4.61 بذرة.اليوم-1و20.81 و1.22 سم و5.60 سم و 3.45 ملغم و21.40 ملغم . أدت المستخلصات T2 وT3 الى تثبيط كل الصفات.
الفاعلية الحيوية لبعض المستخلصات الطبيعية في حياتية مـﱠن الباقلاء الاسود Aphis fabae ( Scop). Aphidadae : Homptera
Authors: AL-Musaifer Mohsen 
Published: June 2023

أجريت دراسة حقلية ومختبرية لأختبار كفاءة المستخلص الايثانولي لنبات البابونجMatricaria chamomilla وصمغ النحل ( (Propolisفي الاداء الحياتي لحشرة ﻤﱠن الباقلاء الأسود، حيث أظهرت الدراسة تفوق صمغ النحل في منع الفقس وهلاك الحوريات والبالغات بمعدل تراكمي بلغ (37.46 ، 70,24 ، 62.45 ) % على التوالي . في حين أنخفض تاثير البابونج في منع الفقس وهلاك الحوريات والبالغات بمعدل تراكمي بلغ ( 60.22 ، 45.51 ، 52.72 ) % على التوالي .
كما اوضحت الدراسة وجود تفوق معنوي للتركيز 3% لصمغ النحل في منع الفقس والمعدل التراكمي لهلاك الحوريات والبالغات بلغ ( 10.0 ، 100.0 ، 97.70 ) % على التوالي . في حين كان للتركيز 3% للبابونج أقل تاثير في منع الفقس والمعدل التراكمي لهلاك الحوريات والبالغات بلغ ( 31.06 ، 77.73 ، 77.73 ) % على التوالي .مقارنة مع معاملة السيطرة والتي بلغ فيها معدل منع الفقس وهلاك الحوريات والبالغات ( 96.63 ، 3.3 ، 3.3 ) % على التوالي .
كما بينت الدراسة زيادة التاثير بزيادة الفترة الزمنية فكان لليوم الثالث بعد المعاملة للبابونج دورا واضحا في منع الفقس وهلاك الحوريات والبالغات بمعدل تراكمي بلغ ( 54.12 ، 49.12 ، 57.45 ) % على التوالي . في حين أعطت الفترة الزمنية نفسها لصمغ النحل أفضل تاثير في منع الفقس وهلاك الحوريات والبالغات بمعدل تراكمي بلغ ( 30.80 ، 74.12 ، 67.45 )% على التوالي . مقارنة مع معاملة السيطرة حيث أعطت معدلا تراكميا بلغ ( 100.0 ، 3.3 ، 3.3 ) % على التوالي .
تأثير حامض الجبرليك والبنزايل أدنين وفترة التعرض للموجات الصوتية فوق السمعية في إنبات البذور ونمو شتلات شجرة الغاف (Prosopis cineraria L.) .
Authors: Shareef Sabah Gazi , Alkeliby Chaseb Khazaal Jawad , Alsafar Iman Mohammad Abbas , Hamzah Roaa Mahdi 
Published: June 2023

نفذت التجربة وفق تصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة خلال الفترة من نهاية شهر نيسان 2016 ولغاية أذار 2017 في كلية الزراعة / جامعة كربلاء ، لدراسة تأثير محلول حامض الجبرليك بتركيز (0 و150 و300 ملغم . لتر-1) ومحلول حامض البنزايل أدنين بتركيز (0 و 50و100 ملغم . لتر-1) وفترة التعرض للموجات الصوتية فوق السمعية لمدة (0 و 120 دقيقة) في انبات البذور ونمو شتلات الغافProsopis cineraria L. . أظهرت النتائج تفوق معاملة محلول حامض الجبرليك (300 ملغم . لتر-1) معنوياً في جميع الصفات المدروسة قياساً إلى معاملة المقارنة وقد سجلت نسبة زيادة في انبات البذور بلغت 41.74 % عن معاملة المقارنة وتفوق معاملة محلول حامض البنزايل أدنين بتركيز (100 ملغم . لتر-1) معنوياً في جميع الصفات المدروسة عدا المحتوى الرطوبي النسبي ، في حين تفوقت معاملة التعرض للموجات الصوتية فوق السمعية لمدة (120 دقيقة) معنوياً في نسبة الانبات وقطر الساق ومحتوى أوراق الغاف من الكلوروفيل الكلي عن معاملة المقارنة وبنسبة زيادة بلغت على التوالي 26.01 و 12.91 و 28.94 % . تفوقت معاملة التداخل الثنائي بين حامض الجبرليك تركيز (300 ملغم . لتر-1) وحامض البنزايل أدنين تركيز (100 ملغم . لتر-1) في جميع الصفات المدروسة قياساً الى معاملة المقارنة ، في حين تفوقت معاملة التداخل الثنائي بين محلول حامض الجبرليك تركيز (300 ملغم . لتر-1) وفترة التعرض لشدة الموجات الصوتية فوق السمعية لمدة (120 دقيقة) في جميع الصفات المدروسة ما عدا صفة ارتفاع الشتلات وقطر الساق قياساً بمعاملة المقارنة . أظهرت نتائج التداخل الثلاثي بين حامض الجبرليك تركيز (300 ملغم . لتر-1) وحامض البنزايل أدنين تركيز(100 ملغم . لتر-1) وفترة التعرض للموجات الصوتية فوق السمعية لمدة (120 دقيقة) أعلى معدل معنوي في جميع الصفات المدروسة ما عدا المحتوى الرطوبي النسبي للأوراق قياساً إلى معاملة المقارنة وسجلت أعلى نسبة انبات في البذور بلغت 73.33 % قياساً إلى معاملة المقارنة التي أعطت أقل معدل بلغ 20.00 % .
Uso de refugios por murciélagos en la Reserva Ecológica Arenillas, El Oro, Ecuador
Authors: Molina-Moreira Natalia , Alava Leonardo 
Published: June 2023

Con el propósito de localizar refugios de murciélagos, identificar las especies que los habitan, su nicho trófico, describir el tipo de refugio y su entorno, desde el manglar hasta el bosque seco de la Reserva Ecológica Arenillas, en la provincia de El Oro, al suroeste del Ecuador, se realizaron cinco salidas de campo en cinco meses, de tres días cada una, con un esfuerzo de 120 horas/red. La búsqueda de refugios se hizo durante el día, mientras que durante la noche se establecieron seis puntos de muestreo con redes de neblina cerca de los refugios encontrados. Los murciélagos capturados en redes fueron identificados por medidas morfométricas, sexados y liberados en el sitio de muestreo. Se capturaron 122 individuos en los puntos de muestreo y en los refugios, más un individuo encontrado en la oficina de los guardaparques. Se identificaron ocho especies que pertenecen a cuatro gremios tróficos: nectarívoro, carnívoro, frugívoro e insectívoro. Las especies registradas en refugios naturales fueron tres: Glossophaga soricina, Carollia brevicauda y Vampyrum spectrum (Phyllostomidae). En refugios artificiales se registraron cinco especies: Glossophaga soricina, Artibeus fraterculus, Carollia brevicauda (Phyllostomidae), Molossus molossus (Molossidae) y Myotis nigricans (Vespertilionidae). Rhogeessa velilla y Sturnira bakeri no se observaron en ningún refugio. Se encontraron refugios compartidos entre A. fraterculus y G. soricina y entre C. brevicauda y G. soricina.
Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Ong Thida , Ramsey Bonnie W. 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceCystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder defined by variants in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, affects more than 30 000 individuals in the US and approximately 89 000 worldwide. Absent or decreased function of the CFTR protein is associated with multiorgan dysfunction and shortened life expectancy.ObservationsCFTR is an anion channel in the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Loss of function leads to obstructed exocrine glands. Of people with cystic fibrosis in the US, approximately 85.5% have the gene variant F508del. Manifestations of cystic fibrosis in patients with the F508del gene variant begin in infancy with steatorrhea, poor weight gain, and respiratory symptoms (coughing, wheezing). As people with cystic fibrosis age, chronic respiratory bacterial infections cause loss of lung function and bronchiectasis. With the availability of universal newborn screening in multiple countries including the US, many people with cystic fibrosis are asymptomatic at diagnosis. With multidisciplinary care teams that included dietitians, respiratory therapists, and social workers, treatment of cystic fibrosis can slow disease progression. Median survival has improved from 36.3 years (95% CI, 35.1-37.9) in 2006 to 53.1 years (95% CI, 51.6-54.7) in 2021. Pulmonary therapies for patients with cystic fibrosis consist of mucolytics (eg, dornase alfa), anti-inflammatories (eg, azithromycin), and antibiotics (such as tobramycin delivered by a nebulizer). Four small molecular therapies, termed CFTR modulators, that facilitate CFTR production and/or function have received regulatory approval. Examples are ivacaftor and elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor. For example, in patients with 1 F508del variant, the combination of ivacaftor, tezacaftor, and elexacaftor improved lung function from −0.2% in the placebo group to 13.6% (difference, 13.8%; 95% CI, 12.1%-15.4%) and decreased the annualized estimated rate of pulmonary exacerbations from 0.98 to 0.37 (rate ratio, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.25-0.55). Improved respiratory function and symptoms have lasted up to 144 weeks in postapproval observational studies. An additional 177 variants are eligible for treatment with the elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor combination.ConclusionCystic fibrosis affects approximately 89 000 people worldwide and is associated with a spectrum of disease related to exocrine dysfunction, including chronic respiratory bacterial infections and reduced life expectancy. First-line pulmonary therapies consist of mucolytics, anti-inflammatories, and antibiotics, and approximately 90% of people with cystic fibrosis who are 2 years or older may benefit from a combination of ivacaftor, tezacaftor, and elexacaftor.
Output voltage regulation of a fuel cell/boost converter system with uncertain load: An adaptive PI‐PBC approach
Authors: Cisneros Rafael , Ortega Romeo , Beltrán Carlo A. , Langarica‐Cordoba Diego , Díaz‐Saldierna Luis. H. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryIn this article, we consider the problem of voltage regulation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell connected to an uncertain load through a boost converter. We show that, in spite of the inherent nonlinearities in the current‐voltage behavior of the fuel cell, the voltage of a fuel cell/boost converter system can be regulated with a simple proportional‐integral (PI) action designed following the passivity‐based control approach. The system under consideration consists of a DC–DC converter interfacing a fuel cell with a resistive load. We show that the output voltage of the converter converges to its desired constant value for all the systems initial conditions—with convergence ensured for all positive values of the PI gains. This latter feature facilitates the, usually difficult, task of tuning the gains of the PI. An immersion and invariance parameter estimator is afterward proposed which allows the operation of the PI passivity‐based control when the load is unknown, maintaining the output voltage at the desired level. The stable operation of the overall system is proved and the approach is validated with extensive numerical simulations considering real‐life scenarios, where robust behavior in spite of load variations and the presence of noise is obtained.
Optical Engineering of FAPbBr3 Nanocrystals via Conjugated Ligands for Light‐Outcoupling Enhancement in Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: He Siwei , Lee Hock Beng , Ko Keum‐Jin , Kumar Neetesh , Jang Jee‐Hun , Cho Sung‐Ok , Song Myungkwan , Zhou Weiyang , Lee Bum‐Joo , Lee Jeong‐Hwan , Kang Jae‐Wook 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFormamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) nanocrystals (NCs) that exhibit ultra‐pure green emission are the most promising candidates for future displays. Despite the rapid development of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) based on perovskite NCs (PeNCs), there is limited research detailing their intrinsic light outcoupling. Herein, the use of a short‐chain fluoroaromatic ligand, 4‐fluoro‐phenethylammonium bromide (FPEABr), via a facile spin‐casting method is proposed to fine‐tune the refractive index (n) and horizontal dipole ratio values (ΘH) of the perovskite emitter layer and simultaneously suppress the defects formed during film deposition. After FPEABr ligand exchange, the FAPbBr3 NC films exhibit a refractive index n that is significantly lower (by about 0.4) than bulk (2D/quasi‐2D or 3D) perovskite films and show an enhanced ΘH value of 77%. Therefore, ultra‐pure green perovskite LEDs are successfully produced with a maximum current efficiency of ≈50 cd A−1, a maximum luminance of 21 304 cd m−2, and a peak external quantum efficiency of 11.34% at a high luminance of 2804 cd m−2, approaching the theoretical value of 11.90% given the structure, photoluminescence quantum yield, and ΘH.
Chemical Modification of Peptides and Proteins Using Spirooxindole Oxirane Derivatives
Authors: Chavan Santosh S. , Saze Hidetoshi , Tanaka Fujie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMethods for chemical modification of proteins and peptides at certain positions are required for the preparation of antibody‐drug conjugates, protein‐ or peptide‐biotin conjugates, and conjugates used as therapeutics or as tools in biomedical research. We have developed chemical modification methods that use spirooxindole oxirane derivatives for the synthesis of protein‐ and peptide‐conjugates. In most cases, the epoxide group of the spirooxindole oxirane derivatives reacted to form a covalent bond with certain histidine residues and/or the N‐terminal amino group of peptides and proteins. The modification reactions of various proteins resulted in the formation of proteins modified at only one or two positions.
Interlayer Nano‐Dots Induced High‐Rate Supercapacitors
Authors: Li Chunyan , Wang Xinkun , Ma Dongge , Yan Yan , Huo Pengwei , Yang Qingjun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe fast OH− transfer between hydroxide layers is the key to enhancing the charge storage efficiency of layered double hydroxides (LDH)‐based supercapacitors (SCs). Constructing interlayer reactive sites in LDH is much expected but still a huge challenge. In this work, CdS nano‐dots (NDs) are introduced to interlayers of ultra‐thin NiFe‐LDH (denoted CdSinter.‐NiFe‐LDH), promoting the interlayer ions flow for higher redox activity. The excellent performance is not only due to the enlarged layer spacing (from 0.70 to 0.81 nm) but also stems from anchored interlayer reactive units and the undamaged original layered structure of LDH, which contribute to the improvement of OH− diffusion coefficient (1.6 × 10−8 cm2 s−1) and electrochemical active area (601 mF cm−2) better than that of CdS NDs on the surface of NiFe‐LDH (2.1 × 10−9 cm2 s−1 and 350 mF cm−2). The champion CdSinter.‐NiFe‐LDH electrode displays high capacitance of 3330.0 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and excellent retention capacitance of 90.9% at 10 A g−1, which is better than the NiFe‐LDH with CdS NDs on the surface (1966.6 F g−1). Moreover, the assembled asymmetric SCs (ASC) device demonstrate an outstanding energy density/power density (121.56 Wh kg−1/754.5 W kg−1).
Stabilized Perovskite Quantum Dot Solids via Nonpolar Solvent Dispersible Covalent Ligands
Authors: Han Sanghun , Seo Gayoung , Yong Taeyeong , Choi Seongmin , Kim Younghoon , Choi Jongmin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe ligand exchange procedure of CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) enables the fabrication of thick and conductive PQD solids that act as a photovoltaic absorber for solution‐processed thin‐film solar cells. However, the ligand‐exchanged CsPbI3 PQD solids suffer from deterioration in photovoltaic performance and ambient stability due to the surface traps, such as uncoordinated Pb2+ sites on the PQD surface, which are generated after the conventional ligand exchange process using ionic short‐chain ligands dissolved in polar solvents. Herein, a facile surface stabilization is demonstrated that can simultaneously improve the photovoltaic performance and ambient stability of CsPbI3 PQD photovoltaic absorber using covalent short‐chain triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) ligands dissolved in a nonpolar solvent. It is found that the TPPO ligand can be covalently bound to uncoordinated Pb2+ sites and the nonpolar solvent octane can completely preserve the PQD surface components. Owing to their synergetic effects, the CsPbI3 PQD photovoltaic absorber stabilized using the TPPO ligand solution dissolved in octane exhibit higher optoelectrical properties and ambient stability than the control absorber. Consequently, CsPbI3 PQD solar cells composed of PQD photovoltaic absorbers fabricated via surface stabilization strategy provide an improved power conversion efficiency of 15.4% and an enhanced device stability.