bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Race/Ethnicity on United States FRAX Calculations and Treatment Qualification: A Registry-Based Study
Authors: Leslie William D ,   for the ASBMR Task Force on Clinical Algorithms for Fracture Risk
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Since 2008. the United States has had four race/ethnic fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) calculators: White (“Caucasian”), Black, Asian, and Hispanic. The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research Task Force on Clinical Algorithms for Fracture Risk has been examining the implications of retaining race/ethnicity in the US FRAX calculators. To inform the Task Force, we computed FRAX scores according to each US calculator in 114,942 White, 485 Black, and 2816 Asian women (self-reported race/ethnicity) aged 50 years and older. We estimated treatment qualification based upon FRAX thresholds (3% for hip fracture, 20% for major osteoporotic fracture [MOF]). Finally, we examined measures for a hypothetical population-based FRAX calculator derived as the weighted mean for the US population based upon US Census Bureau statistics. With identical inputs, the highest FRAX measurements were found with the White FRAX calculator, lowest measurements with the Black calculator, and intermediate measurements for the Asian and Hispanic calculators. The percentage of women with FRAX scores exceeding the hip fracture treatment threshold was 32.0% for White, 1.9% for Black, and 19.7% for Asian women; the MOF treatment threshold was exceeded for 14.9% of White, 0.0% of Black, and 3.5% of Asian women. Disparities in treatment qualification were reduced after considering additional criteria (fracture history and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [DXA] T-score −2.5 or lower). When fracture risk was recalculated for non-White women using the White FRAX calculator, mean values for Asian women slightly exceeded those for White women but for Black women remained substantially below those for White women. When using a single population–based FRAX calculator, the mean probability of fracture and treatment qualification increased for non-White women across the age range. In summary, use of a single population–based FRAX calculator, rather than existing US race/ethnic FRAX calculators, will reduce differences in treatment qualification and may ultimately enhance equity and access to osteoporosis treatment. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Buds of new bone formation within the Femoral Head of Hip Fracture Patients Coincide with Zones of Low Osteocyte Sclerostin
Authors: Sano Hiroshige , Whitmarsh Tristan , Skingle Linda , Shimakura Taketoshi , Yamamoto Noriaki , Compston Juliet E. , Takahashi Hideaki E. , Poole Kenneth E. S. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Romosozumab treatment reduces the rate of hip fractures and increases hip bone density, increasing bone formation by inhibiting sclerostin protein. We studied the normal pattern of bone formation and osteocyte expression in the human proximal femur because it is relevant to both antisclerostin treatment effects and fracture. Having visualized and quantified buds of new bone formation in trabeculae, we hypothesized that they would coincide with areas of (a) higher mechanical stress and (b) low sclerostin expression by osteocytes. In patients with hip fracture, we visualized each bud of active modeling-based formation (forming minimodeling structure [FMiS]) in trabecular cores taken from different parts of the femoral head. Trabecular bone structure was also measured with high-resolution imaging. More buds of new bone formation (by volume) were present in the higher stress superomedial zone (FMiS density, N.FMiS/T.Ar) than lower stress superolateral (p &lt; 0.05), and inferomedial (p &lt; 0.001) regions. There were fewer sclerostin expressing osteocytes close to or within FMiS. FMiS density correlated with greater amount, thickness, number, and connectivity of trabeculae (bone volume BV/TV, r = 0.65, p &lt; 0.0001; bone surface BS/TV, r = 0.47, p &lt; 0.01; trabecular thickness Tb.Th, r = 0.55, p &lt; 0.001; trabecular number Tb.N, r = 0.47, p &lt; 0.01; and connectivity density Conn.D, r = 0.40, p &lt; 0.05) and lower trabecular separation (Tb.Sp, r = −0.56, p &lt; 0.001). These results demonstrate modeling-based bone formation in femoral trabeculae from patients with hip fracture as a potential therapeutic target to enhance bone structure. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Observations on the ultrastructure of the oral appendages of Glenea cantor Fabricius (Coleoptera: Lamiinae)
Authors: Wu Yao , Li Zhixin , Ming Liangshan , Huang Zhongyan , Zhang Gaochuan , Lu Wen , Liu Hongning , Dong Zishu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUsing scanning electron microscopy, we examined the gross and ultrastructure morphology of the mandibles, labial palpi, and mandibular palpi of adult male and female Glenea cantor beetles. The morphology of these parts, both in their gross and ultrastructure, varied significantly between males and females. The lengths of the mandible, labial palpi, and mandibular palpi were clearly noticeably longer in females than in men, which is mostly related to the oviposition mechanism. In terms of the ultrastructural morphology of the mandibles, labial palpi, and mandibular palpi, seven types of sensilla were found on these parts: sensilla twig basiconica (STB I, II, III, and IV), sensilla chaetica (Scheme IV and V), Böhm's bristles (Bb), sensilla placodea (SP), sensilla trichodea (ST II), sensilla plate (SP), sensilla coeloconica (SC), and sensilla campaniformia (SCa). Females have significantly more ST I and Scheme III on their mandibles than males. The mechanical sensors SCh and Bb, olfactory sensor ST II, taste sensor STB IV, and carbon dioxide sensor and temperature and humidity sensors SC, SP, and SCa were much more developed on the labial and maxillary palpi of females compared to those of males, which further clarified the significance of the oral appendages in oviposition behavior. These findings will advance information‐based technique design and the creation of information‐based pest control strategies by assisting in our understanding of the host preference and oviposition behavior of adult G. cantor.Research Highlights
The external morphology and distribution of the oral appendages of Glenea cantor between sexes has been researched through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the first time.
Several significant differences between males and females have been found by analyzing the oral appendages of G. cantor with SEM.
The differences in the structure of oral appendages of G. cantor between sexes reflect functional differences in reproductive behaviors.
Effects of postovipositional hypoxia and hyperoxia on leatherback turtle reproductive success and hatchling performance
Authors: Williamson Sean A. , Hoover Aimee L. , Evans Roger G. , Shillinger George L. , Bailey Helen , Bruno Renato Saragoça , Bandimere Ashleigh , Reina Richard D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLeatherback egg clutches typically experience lower hatching success (~50%) than those of other sea turtle species (>70%). The majority of embryonic death (>50%) occurs at early stages of development, possibly because embryos fail to break preovipositional embryonic arrest after oviposition. The embryonic arrest is maintained by hypoxia in the oviduct and following oviposition increased availability of oxygen is the trigger that breaks arrest in all turtle species studied to date. We conducted an ex situ incubator experiment and an in situ hatchery experiment to examine the influence of oxygen availability on hatching success and hatchling traits in leatherbacks. After oviposition, eggs (n = 1005) were incubated in either normoxia (21% O2), hyperoxia (32%–42% O2) for 5 days, or hypoxia (1% O2) for 3 or 5 days. As with other turtles, hypoxic incubation maintained embryos in arrest, equivalent to the time spent in hypoxia. However, extending arrest for 5 days resulted in greater early‐stage death and a significant decrease in hatching success (4% 5‐day hypoxia vs. 72% normoxia). Eggs placed in incubators had greater hatching success than those placed into hatchery nests (67% vs. 47%, respectively). We found no impact of hyperoxia on the stage of embryonic death, hatching success, hatchling phenotype, exercise performance, or early dispersal. Our findings indicate that delayed nesting and the subsequent extension of embryonic arrest may negatively impact embryonic development and therefore the reproductive success of leatherbacks. They also indicate that incubation under hyperoxic conditions is unlikely to be a useful method to improve hatching success in this species.
Association between physical therapy frequency and postacute care for a national cohort of patients hospitalized with pneumonia
Authors: Young Daniel L. , Johnson Joshua K. , Guo Ning , Tereshchenko Larisa G. , Martinez Maylyn , Rothberg Michael B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnnually more than 300,000 patients hospitalized for pneumonia need postacute care. Patients and systems prefer home discharge, but physical limitations often necessitate postacute care. It is unknown whether frequency of physical therapy in the hospital affects postacute care discharges.ObjectiveExamine the relationship between physical therapy visit frequency and disposition among a national sample of patients hospitalized with pneumonia.DesignsObservational cohort study.SettingAcute care hospital.ParticipantsAdult patients with primary diagnosis of pneumonia in the Premier Data Set who received physical therapy in the hospital during a 5‐day window, with therapy on at least days 1 and 5.InterventionPhysical therapy visit frequency.Main Outcome and MeasuresDischarge disposition (home or postacute care).ResultsWe included 18,886 patients from 595 hospitals. Just over half were discharged home (n = 9638; 51.0%) and 558 (2.95%) died. Patients getting more frequent therapy were older, non‐Hispanic white, treated in small non‐teaching rural hospitals in the West, Midwest, or South, and had fewer severe illness indicators. In adjusted models, patients who received physical therapy on 100% of days were 7% [(95% confidence interval, 4.3–9.7), p < .0001] more likely to go home than patients who received physical therapy on 40% of days. As a falsification test, we found that there was no relationship between physical therapy frequency and all‐cause mortality. Physical therapy visit frequency was positively associated with discharge to home. Increasing visit frequency of physical therapy in hospitals might reduce the need for postacute care, but randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the effect.
Maleic acid is a biomarker for maleylacetoacetate isomerase deficiency; implications for newborn screening of tyrosinemia type 1
Authors: van Vliet K. , Dijkstra A. M. , Bouva M. J. , van der Krogt J. , Bijsterveld K. , van der Sluijs F. , de Sain‐van der Velden M. G. , Koop K. , Rossi A. , Thomas J. A. , Patera C. A. , Kiewiet M. B. G. , Waters P. J. , Cyr D. ,   The Québec NTBC Study Group, Boelen A. , van Spronsen F. J. , Heiner‐Fokkema M. R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDried blood spot succinylacetone (SA) is often used as a biomarker for newborn screening (NBS) for tyrosinemia type 1 (TT1). However, false‐positive SA results are often observed. Elevated SA may also be due to maleylacetoacetate isomerase deficiency (MAAI‐D), which appears to be clinically insignificant. This study investigated whether urine organic acid (uOA) and quantitative urine maleic acid (Q‐uMA) analyses can distinguish between TT1 and MAAI‐D. We reevaluated/measured uOA (GC–MS) and/or Q‐uMA (LC–MS/MS) in available urine samples of nine referred newborns (2 TT1, 7 false‐positive), eight genetically confirmed MAAI‐D children, and 66 controls. Maleic acid was elevated in uOA of 5/7 false‐positive newborns and in the three available samples of confirmed MAAI‐D children, but not in TT1 patients. Q‐uMA ranged from not detectable to 1.16 mmol/mol creatinine in controls (n = 66) and from 0.95 to 192.06 mmol/mol creatinine in false‐positive newborns and MAAI‐D children (n = 10). MAAI‐D was genetically confirmed in 4/7 false‐positive newborns, all with elevated Q‐uMA, and rejected in the two newborns with normal Q‐uMA. No sample was available for genetic analysis of the last false‐positive infant with elevated Q‐uMA. Our study shows that MAAI‐D is a recognizable cause of false‐positive TT1 NBS results. Elevated urine maleic acid excretion seems highly effective in discriminating MAAI‐D from TT1.
Gadolinium Retention and Nephrotoxicity in a Mouse Model of Acute Ischemic Stroke: Linear Versus Macrocyclic Agents
Authors: Wang Wei , Huang Xin‐Xin , Jiang Run‐Hao , Zhou Jiang , Shi Hai‐Bin , Xu Xiao‐Quan , Wu Fei‐Yun 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundGadolinium (Gd)‐based contrast agents (GBCAs) have been widely used for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. GBCAs or AIS alone may cause the adverse effects on kidney tissue, respectively. However, whether GBCAs and AIS would generate a synergistic negative effect remains undefined.PurposeTo evaluate synergistic negative effects of AIS and GBCAs on renal tissues in a mouse model of AIS, and to compare the differences of these negative effects between linear and macrocyclic GBCAs.Study TypeAnimal study.Animal ModelSeventy‐two healthy mice underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and sham operation to establish AIS and sham model (N = 36/model). 5.0 mmol/kg GBCAs (gadopentetate or gadobutrol) or 250 μL saline were performed at 4.5 hours and 1 day after model establishing (N = 12/group).AssessmentInductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) was performed to detect Gd concentrations. Serum biochemical analyzer was performed to measure the serum creatinine (Scr), uric acid (UA), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Pathological staining was performed to observe tubular injury, cell apoptosis, mesangial hyperplasia, and interstitial fibrosis.Statistical TestsTwo‐way analysis of variances with post hoc Sidak's tests and independent‐samples t‐tests were performed. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsAIS groups showed higher Gd concentration than sham group on day 1 p.i. regardless of gadopentetate or gadobutrol used. Increased total Gd concentration was also found in AIS + gadopentetate group compared with the sham group on day 28 p.i. Significantly higher rates for renal dysfunction, higher tubular injury scores, and higher numbers of apoptotic cells on days 1 or 28 p.i. were found for AIS mice injected with GBCA. AIS + gadopentetate group displayed more severe renal damage than the AIS + gadobutrol group.Data ConclusionAIS and GBCAs may cause increased total Gd accumulation and nephrotoxicity in a mouse, especially linear GBCAs were used.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 4
Polyphenols from whole millet grain (Setaria italica) alleviate glucose and lipid homeostasis in diet‐induced obese mice by increasing endogenous GLP‐1
Authors: Yuxuan An , Xiaoqin La , Songtao Li , Jinmiao Tian , Xiaxia Fan , Kaili Cui , Lichao Zhang , Zhuoyu Li 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDFoxtail millet (Setaria italica) is a whole millet grain that has been considered for improving the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism. The purpose of the work is to explore the extraction and enrichment of polyphenols from foxtail millets which can regulate the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism by increasing endogenous GLP‐1 (glucagon‐like peptide‐1).RESULTSThe optimum ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) of foxtail millet polyphenols (FMPs) was as follows: 70 °C and 400 W and 70% ethanol concentration, further purification using macroporous resin. In vitro, the FMP eluent of 60% ethanol (FMP‐60) has the best effect in promoting GLP‐1 secretion from L cells among the different active components of FMP. Millet polyphenols (MPs) were obtained from finishing foxtail millet with the bran removed by the same extraction and purification method. Compared with MP‐60, FMP‐60 mainly included eight active phenolic constituents and contained more ferulic acid, p‐coumaric acid, 2‐hydroxycinnamic acid, and coniferaldehyde. After gavage treatment of diet‐induced obese (DIO) mice with FMP‐60, FMP‐60 promoted endogenous GLP‐1 secretion in mice and ameliorated disorders of glucolipid metabolism in DIO mice.CONCLUSIONFMP‐60 could improve glucose homeostasis and ameliorates metabolic disease by promoting the endogenous GLP‐1 level and preventing weight gain in DIO mice. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Simultaneous determination of six α‑dicarbonyl compounds in traditional Chinese medicines using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐fluorescence detector with pre‐column derivatization
Authors: Xu Qianqian , Yin Yi , Liu Ye , Ma Qianyun , Chen Xiangming , Zhao Juanjuan 
Published: August 2023

A reliable method for determination of six α‐dicarbonyl compounds in traditional Chinese medicines was first developed and validated by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐fluorescence detector with pre‐column derivatization. α‐Dicarbonyl compounds in traditional Chinese medicines were extracted and derivatized with 2,3‐diaminaphthalene. The derivatization procedure of six α‐dicarbonyl compounds was confirmed by high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The limits of quantitation for six α‐dicarbonyl compounds ranged from 3.70 × 10−3 to 2.21 × 10−2 μM. The established method showed good linearity (regression coefficient > 0.9990), precision (relative standard deviation < 3.37%), and high recovery (97.8%∼113.1%). The developed method was successfully applied to detect the six α‐dicarbonyl compounds in traditional Chinese medicines. The result exhibited six α‐dicarbonyl compounds was found in the 15 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines, which suggested us that the determination of α‐dicarbonyl compounds should be paid more attention in the quality control of traditional Chinese medicines.
Exploring trajectories in transdiagnostic behavior therapy
Authors: Gros Daniel F. , Saulnier Kevin G. , Allan Nicholas P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTransdiagnostic treatments have been designed to target common processes for clusters of disorders. One such treatment, transdiagnostic behavior therapy (TBT), targets avoidance across emotional disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders, and has demonstrated efficacy in randomized controlled trials. The current study was designed to examine whether distinct treatment trajectories would emerge in a sample of 112 veterans receiving TBT and whether diagnostic comorbidity, baseline levels of several transdiagnostic risk factors, or treatment engagement influence trajectory membership. Growth mixture modeling revealed three distinct trajectories across depression, ds = 0.55–1.09; PTSD ds = −0.07–1.43; and panic disorder symptoms, ds = −0.13–1.09. Notably, for PTSD and panic disorder symptoms, separate classes for responders and nonresponders emerged among participants with high baseline symptom levels. Findings for the risk factors suggested that PTSD and panic nonresponders evidenced significantly higher behavioral avoidance at baseline and reduced engagement in treatment procedures and homework completion compared to responders. Together, the findings provide additional support for the use of TBT in the treatment of emotional disorders, including PTSD. Potential adaptations are discussed for patients with significantly elevated behavioral avoidance to improve treatment engagement and related outcomes.
Thermal regimes of groundwater‐ and lake‐fed headwater streams differ in their response to climate variability
Authors: Hudson Danielle T. , Leach Jason A. , Houle Daniel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStream thermal regimes are being altered by climate change with consequences for aquatic organisms. Most documented long‐term changes in stream temperature are from large rivers. We know less about water temperature trends for small headwater streams, especially those found in northern landscapes that contain small lakes. We analyzed 36 yr of stream temperature observations from a long‐term watershed study in Ontario, Canada, to understand how headwater streams are responding to climate variability. We found that groundwater‐fed (GWF) and lake‐fed (LF) streams exhibit contrasting responses, as GWF streams warmed in the spring (0.19–0.60°C per decade) and LF streams warmed in the fall (0.39–0.72°C per decade). Both stream types exhibited weak temperature trends in summer and winter. These results highlight that a stream network perspective that includes headwater streams and small lakes, and accounts for seasonal changes in thermal regimes, is important for understanding aquatic ecosystem response to climate variability.
∂H$\bm{\partial }\mathbf {H}$: Differentiable Holography
Authors: Chen Ni , Wang Congli , Heidrich Wolfgang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOver the past decade, the field of holography has gained significant ground due to advances in computational imaging. However, the utilization of computational tools is hampered by the mismatch between experimental setups and the conceptual model. Differentiable holography (), a novel framework for automatically self‐calibrating experimental imperfections in inverse holographic imaging, is presented here. The technique is demonstrated on auto‐focused complex field imaging from a single intensity‐only inline hologram.
Recyclability Studies on Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(butylene succinate‐co‐adipate) (PLA/PBSA) Biobased and Biodegradable Films
Authors: Coltelli Maria‐Beatrice , Aliotta Laura , Fasano Gianluca , Miketa Filip , Brkić Filip , Alonso Rafael , Romei Marco , Cinelli Patrizia , Canesi Ilaria , Gigante Vito , Lazzeri Andrea 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPoly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate‐co‐adipate) (PLA/PBSA) blends are found promising for film packaging applications because of their flexibility, resistance, and compostability. Industrially extruded granules and films based on PLA and containing different amounts of PBSA are reprocessed through mini‐extrusion, to simulate recycling, and tested in terms of their melt flow rate as a function of PBSA content. Moreover, pure PLA commercial granules and the film produced extruding the PLA/PBSA 60/40 blend are reprocessed several times by injection molding and characterized in terms of melt flow rate, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and color as a function of injection molding cycles. The variation in melt fluidity and thermo‐mechanical properties is negligible up to 3 injection molding cycles for both pure PLA granules and PLA/PBSA blend. In the case of blend the change in color (yellowing and darkening) is more evident and slight local compositional change in injection molded items can be evidenced as well as a slight decrease in PBS crystallinity as a function of injection molding cycles. Nevertheless, in applications where these aspects are not critical, these materials can be recycled by extrusion or injection molding before being composted, thus prolonging their life cycle and storing carbon in them as longer as possible.