bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Self-treatment of Recurrent Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Kim Hyo-Jung , Kim Ji-Soo , Choi Kwang-Dong , Choi Seo-Young , Lee Seung-Han , Jung Ileok , Park Jae Han 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceBenign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of vertigo with frequent recurrences.ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of a web-based diagnosis and treatment of BPPV when it recurs in patients with confirmed and treated BPPV.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized, controlled, parallel-group, double-blind trial took place in multiple referral-based university hospitals in South Korea between July 2017 and February 2020. Of 728 patients (age ≥20 years) with diagnosed and treated BPPV, 585 were enrolled after excluding 143 who declined participation, could not use the internet, or had spinal problems, multicanal BPPV, or cognitive dysfunction. Patients were followed up for recurrence at least for 2 years until February 2022.InterventionsPatients were randomly assigned (1:1) to the treatment or control group. The patients in the treatment group completed a questionnaire for diagnosis and received a video clip for self-administration of canalith repositioning maneuver (CRM) according to the type of BPPV diagnosed when they experienced positional vertigo again. Patients in the control group received a video clip for self-administration of CRM according to the type of BPPV that had been diagnosed on enrollment.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was self-reported resolution of positional vertigo post-CRM. Secondary outcomes included difficulties and requirement for assistance when using the program and any falls or other adverse events related to CRM. The primary outcome was analyzed using both intention-to-treat and per-protocol methods.ResultsOf 585 patients enrolled, 292 were randomized to the treatment group (mean [SD] age, 60.3 [12.8] years, 37 [64%] women) and 293 were randomized to the control group (mean [SD] age, 61.1 [13.2] years; 50 [71%] women). Overall, 128 (21.9%) had recurrence (58 in the treatment group and 70 in the control group), and 109 (85.2%) successfully used the web-based system. In the intention-to-treat analysis, 42 of 58 individuals (72.4%) in the treatment group and 30 of 70 individuals (42.9%) in the control group reported vertigo resolution (χ2 test: 95% CI, 0.13-0.46; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceThis trial proved the efficacy of a web-based system for the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent BPPV. Use of this system may play an important role in telemedicine for vestibular disorders.Trial RegistrationClinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0002364
Mitochondrial‐Targeted Delivery of Polyphenol‐Mediated Antioxidases Complexes against Pyroptosis and Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Zhang Jiaojiao , Gao Bingqiang , Ye Binglin , Sun Zhongquan , Qian Zhefeng , Yu Lisha , Bi Yanli , Ma Lie , Ding Yuan , Du Yang , Wang Weilin , Mao Zhengwei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExcess accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) is a key target for inhibiting pyroptosis‐induced inflammation and tissue damage. However, targeted delivery of drugs to mitochondria and efficient clearance of mtROS remain challenging. In current study, it is discovered that polyphenols such as tannic acid (TA) can mediate the targeting of polyphenol/antioxidases complexes to mitochondria. This affinity does not depend on mitochondrial membrane potential but stems from the strong binding of TA to mitochondrial outer membrane proteins. Taking advantage of the feasibility of self‐assembly between TA and proteins, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and TA are assembled into complexes (referred to as TSC) for efficient enzymatic activity maintenance. In vitro fluorescence confocal imaging shows that TSC not only promoted the uptake of biological enzymes in hepatocytes but also highly overlapped with mitochondria after lysosomal escape. The results from an in vitro model of hepatocyte oxidative stress demonstrate that TSC efficiently scavenges excess mtROS and reverses mitochondrial depolarization, thereby inhibiting inflammasome‐mediated pyroptosis. More interestingly, TSC maintain superior efficacy compared with the clinical gold standard drug N‐acetylcysteine in both acetaminophen‐ and D‐galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide‐induced pyroptosis‐related hepatitis mouse models. In conclusion, this study opens a new paradigm for targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress to inhibit pyroptosis and treat inflammatory diseases.
A Room‐Temperature Spin‐Valve with van der Waals Ferromagnet Fe5GeTe2/Graphene Heterostructure
Authors: Zhao Bing , Ngaloy Roselle , Ghosh Sukanya , Ershadrad Soheil , Gupta Rahul , Ali Khadiza , Hoque Anamul Md. , Karpiak Bogdan , Khokhriakov Dmitrii , Polley Craig , Thiagarajan Balasubramanian , Kalaboukhov Alexei , Svedlindh Peter , Sanyal Biplab , Dash Saroj P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe discovery of van der Waals (vdW) magnets opened a new paradigm for condensed matter physics and spintronic technologies. However, the operations of active spintronic devices with vdW ferromagnets are limited to cryogenic temperatures, inhibiting their broader practical applications. Here, the robust room‐temperature operation of lateral spin‐valve devices using the vdW itinerant ferromagnet Fe5GeTe2 in heterostructures with graphene is demonstrated. The room‐temperature spintronic properties of Fe5GeTe2 are measured at the interface with graphene with a negative spin polarization. Lateral spin‐valve and spin‐precession measurements provide unique insights by probing the Fe5GeTe2/graphene interface spintronic properties via spin‐dynamics measurements, revealing multidirectional spin polarization. Density functional theory calculations in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulations reveal significantly canted Fe magnetic moments in Fe5GeTe2 along with the presence of negative spin polarization at the Fe5GeTe2/graphene interface. These findings open opportunities for vdW interface design and applications of vdW‐magnet‐based spintronic devices at ambient temperatures.
Biomaterial‐Based In Situ Cancer Vaccines
Authors: Bo Yang , Wang Hua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCancer immunotherapies have reshaped the paradigm for cancer treatment over the past decade. Among them, therapeutic cancer vaccines that aim to modulate antigen‐presenting cells and subsequent T cell priming processes are among the first FDA‐approved cancer immunotherapies. However, despite showing benign safety profiles and the capability to generate antigen‐specific humoral and cellular responses, cancer vaccines have been limited by the modest therapeutic efficacy, especially for immunologically cold solid tumors. One key challenge lies in the identification of tumor‐specific antigens, which involves a costly and lengthy process of tumor cell isolation, DNA/RNA extraction, sequencing, mutation analysis, epitope prediction, peptide synthesis, and antigen screening. To address these issues, in situ cancer vaccines have been actively pursued to generate endogenous antigens directly from tumors and utilize the generated tumor antigens to elicit potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. Biomaterials‐based in situ cancer vaccines, in particular, have achieved significant progress by taking advantage of biomaterials that can synergize antigens and adjuvants, troubleshoot delivery issues, home, and manipulate immune cells in situ. This review will provide an overview of biomaterials‐based in situ cancer vaccines, either living or artificial materials, under development or in the clinic, and discuss the design criteria for in situ cancer vaccines.
Reaction Mechanisms and Kinetics of Nanozymes: Insights from Theory and Computation
Authors: Shen Xiaomei , Wang Zhenzhen , Gao Xuejiao J. , Gao Xingfa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract“Nanozymes” usually refers to inorganic nanomaterials with enzyme‐like catalytic activities. The research into nanozymes is one of the hot topics on the horizon of interdisciplinary science involving materials, chemistry, and biology. Although great progress has been made in the design, synthesis, characterization, and application of nanozymes, the study of the underlying microscopic mechanisms and kinetics is still not straightforward. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations compute the potential energy surfaces along the reaction coordinates for chemical reactions, which can give atomistic‐level insights into the micro‐mechanisms and kinetics for nanozymes. Therefore, DFT calculations have been playing an increasingly important role in exploring the mechanisms and kinetics for nanozymes in the past years. The calculations either predict the microscopic details for the catalytic processes to complement the experiments or further develop theoretical models to depict the physicochemical rules. In this review, the corresponding research progress is summarized. Particularly, the review focuses on the computational studies that closely interplay with the experiments. The relevant experimental results without DFT calculations will be also briefly discussed to offer a historic overview of how the computations promote the understanding of the microscopic mechanisms and kinetics of nanozymes.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Enabled by Fluorescent Nanodiamond Boronic Hydrogel
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zheng Yongjun , Lee Jimmy , Hoover Alex , King Sarah Ann , Chen Lifeng , Zhao Jing , Lin Qiuning , Yu Cunjiang , Zhu Linyong , Wu Xiaoyang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractContinuous monitoring of glucose allows diabetic patients to better maintain blood glucose level by altering insulin dosage or diet according to prevailing glucose values and thus to prevent potential hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. However, current continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) relies mostly on enzyme electrodes or micro‐dialysis probes, which suffer from insufficient stability, susceptibility to corrosion of electrodes, weak or inconsistent correlation, and inevitable interference. A fluorescence‐based glucose sensor in the skin will likely be more stable, have improved sensitivity, and can resolve the issues of electrochemical interference from the tissue. This study develops a fluorescent nanodiamond boronic hydrogel system in porous microneedles for CGM. Fluorescent nanodiamond is one of the most photostable fluorophores with superior biocompatibility. When surface functionalized, the fluorescent nanodiamond can integrate with boronic polymer and form a hydrogel, which can produce fluorescent signals in response to environmental glucose concentration. In this proof‐of‐concept study, the strategy for building a miniatured device with fluorescent nanodiamond hydrogel is developed. The device demonstrates remarkable long‐term photo and signal stability in vivo with both small and large animal models. This study presents a new strategy of fluorescence based CGM toward treatment and control of diabetes.
Multifunctional Integrated Nanozymes Facilitate Spinal Cord Regeneration by Remodeling the Extrinsic Neural Environment
Authors: Xiong Tiandi , Yang Keni , Zhao Tongtong , Zhao Haitao , Gao Xu , You Zhifeng , Fan Caixia , Kang Xinyi , Yang Wen , Zhuang Yan , Chen Yanyan , Dai Jianwu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHigh levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation create a complicated extrinsic neural environment that dominates the initial post‐injury period after spinal cord injury (SCI). The compensatory pathways between ROS and inflammation limited the efficacy of modulating the above single treatment regimen after SCI. Here, novel “nanoflower” Mn3O4 integrated with “pollen” IRF‐5SiRNA was designed as a combination antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory treatment after SCI. The “nanoflower” and “pollen” structure was encapsulated with a neutrophil membrane for protective and targeted delivery. Furthermore, valence‐engineered nanozyme Mn3O4 imitated the cascade response of antioxidant enzymes with a higher substrate affinity compared to natural antioxidant enzymes. Nanozymes effectively catalyzed ROS to generate O2, which is advantageous for reducing oxidative stress and promoting angiogenesis. The screened “pollen” IRF‐5SiRNA could reverse the inflammatory phenotype by reducing interferon regulatory factors‐5 (IRF‐5) expression (protein level: 73.08% and mRNA level: 63.10%). The decreased expression of pro‐inflammatory factors reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells, resulting in less neural scarring. In SCI rats, multifunctional nanozymes enhanced the proliferation of various neuronal subtypes (motor neurons, interneurons, and sensory neurons) and the recovery of locomotor function, demonstrating that the remodeling of the extrinsic neural environment is a promising strategy to facilitate nerve regeneration.
Bi2S3‐Cu3BiS3 Mixed Phase Interlayer for High‐Performance Cu3BiS3‐Photocathode for 2.33% Unassisted Solar Water Splitting Efficiency
Authors: Moon Subin , Park Jaemin , Lee Hyungsoo , Yang Jin Wook , Yun Juwon , Park Young Sun , Lee Jeongyoub , Im Hayoung , Jang Ho Won , Yang Wooseok , Moon Jooho 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo realize practical solar hydrogen production, a low‐cost photocathode with high photocurrent density and onset potential should be developed. Herein, an efficient and stable overall photoelectrochemical tandem cell is developed with a Cu3BiS3‐based photocathode. By exploiting the crystallographic similarities between Bi2S3 and Cu3BiS3, a one‐step solution process with two sulfur sources is used to prepare the Bi2S3–Cu3BiS3 blended interlayer. The elongated Bi2S3‐Cu3BiS3 mixed‐phase 1D nanorods atop a planar Cu3BiS3 film enable a high photocurrent density of 7.8 mA cm−2 at 0 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, with an onset potential of 0.9 VRHE. The increased performance over the single‐phase Cu3BiS3 thin‐film photocathode is attributed to the enhanced light scattering and charge collection through the unique 1D nanostructure, improved electrical conductivity, and better band alignment with the n‐type CdS layer. A solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency of 2.33% is achieved under unassisted conditions with a state‐of‐the‐art Mo:BiVO4 photoanode, with excellent stability exceeding 21 h.
Single‐Atom Metallophilic Sites for Liquid NaK Alloy Confinement toward Stable Alkali‐Metal Anodes
Authors: Cui Junya , Jin Bowen , Xu Annan , Li Jiale , Shao Mingfei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRoom temperature liquid NaK alloy is a promising candidate for high performance metal batteries, due to its dendrite‐free property and high energy density. However, its practical application is hindered by the high surface tension of liquid NaK, which causes difficulties in maintaining a stable contact with a current collector. Here, the authors demonstrate the extraordinary stable confinement of NaK alloy at room temperature by constructing a super‐wetting substrate, which is based on highly dispersed cobalt‐single‐atom carbon nanoarrays. The developed liquid anode electrode prevented successfully the leakage of NaK alloy even in harsh stress (>5 MPa) or sharp shock conditions. The symmetric cells achieved ultra‐long reversible plating/stripping cycling life in both Na‐ion (>1010 hrs) and K‐ion electrolytes (>4000 hrs) at 10 mA cm−2/10 mAh cm−2. Upon fitting with Na3V2(PO4)3, the NaK assembled full battery provided high energy density (332.6 kWh kg−1) and power density (11.05 kW kg−1) with excellent stability after >21600 cycles, which is the best value reported so far. The prepared pouch cell was able to drive a four‐axis aircraft, demonstrating a great prospect in practical application. This work offers a new approach in the preparation of advanced dendrite‐free liquid metal anodes with promising applications in electrochemical energy storage.
The economics of property rights in digital farming data: Implications for farmland markets
Authors: DeLay Nathan D. , Boehlje Michael D. , Ferrell Shannon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe emergence of precision farming technologies has increased the amount and detail of farming data collected by producers. Data increases farm profitability by complementing digitally connected equipment and improving on‐farm decision making. The value generated by farm data may be capitalized into the underlying farmland asset, potentially raising sale and rental prices. However, the absence of clear property rights over farmland and farm operating practice data limits the ability to capture this value. We explore the issue of farm data through a property rights and transaction costs lens, and propose a conceptual framework of farm data valuation to identify conditions under which landowners and tenant‐operators can engage in mutually beneficial negotiation over farm data. We conclude that establishing property rights to farm data within the farmland lease can facilitate welfare‐improving exchange, allowing farm data records to be allocated to their highest valued use.
Froth stability and entrainment evaluation of a novel frother for KCl/NaCl flotation
Authors: Wang Linjian , Xu Yanxia , Song Xingfu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe rate of KCl recovery by froth flotation using low‐grade carnallite is 70%–85%. Herein, a novel frother, dipropylene glycol butyl ether (DPNB), was prepared to increase the flotation efficiency of KCl recovery systems. DPNB could be applied at only half the dosage of the conventional frother methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC) and achieve a KCl recovery rate of 94.8%–98.6% with a high KCl grade (63.2%–66.5%). To date, these results are the best reported for pneumatic flotation. DPNB had a 10% higher maximum dynamic stability factor compared with MIBC; moreover, the apparent entrainment velocity of DPNB was half that of MIBC. The molecular structure of DPNB had hydroxyl and ether groups, which promoted interactions with water, thereby contributing to its excellent froth stability. DPNB is environment friendly owing to its low volatility and, thus, a promising frother for the green and highly efficient flotation of KCl/NaCl.
Process model structures for transverse direction gauge control of tentered polymeric film
Authors: Lightfoot Edwin J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOne of the most successful applications of multiple input multiple output control is the control of thickness in sheet forming processes including paper making and plastic film casting. While there are many similarities between film manufacture and other sheet forming processes, the physics differs from process to process. The choice of both process model and optimal control algorithm must reflect these differences. Here we consider how the basic physics of film manufacture a reflected in two classes of process models: phenomenological (interaction) models used in conventional gauge control algorithms and mechanistic models based on engineering science. Mechanistic models are more mathematically robust than purely statistical phenomenological models for some aspects of gauge control and may prove advantageous for other sheet forming applications.
One‐step purification of ethylene from acetylene and carbon dioxide by ultramicroporous carbons
Authors: Zhao Zhiwei , Liu Yueyue , Liu Xing , Liu Yuan , Chen Jingwen , Chen Shixia , Deng Shuguang , Wang Jun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe one‐step adsorptive separation of high‐purity ethylene (C2H4) from a ternary gas mixture (C2H2/C2H4/CO2) is challenging and has not been reported on porous carbons. Herein, we report camphor seeds husk‐derived ultramicroporous carbons (CSHs) show high affinities toward acetylene (C2H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) over C2H4. The optimized CSH‐2‐700 with high heteroatom contents and centered pore size distributions shows high C2H2 adsorption capacity (2.24 mmol g−1) and record ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) C2H2/C2H4 selectivity (10.2) among one‐step C2H4 purification adsorbents. Meanwhile, CSH carbons are the only carbon adsorbents that preferentially adsorb CO2 over C2H4, with a CO2/C2H4 selectivity of 1.9 under ambient conditions. Furthermore, dynamic breakthrough experiments verified its feasibility for one‐step C2H4 purification from a three‐component C2H2/C2H4/CO2 gas‐mixture.
Advanced 3D and 4D microstructure study of single granule formation for pharmaceutical powders using synchrotron x‐ray imaging
Authors: Zeinali Danalou Sima , Blocka Carter , Yang Jingsi , Zhu Ning , Emady Heather N. , Wasan Ellen , Zhang Lifeng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMonitoring the microstructure of the granule in the wet granulation process could play a decisive role in obtaining high‐quality granules. Due to the complex, fast and opaque nature of wet granulation, it cannot be captured by conventional methods. In this study, synchrotron x‐ray imaging was employed for the first time to investigate the internal real‐time pore evolution during the granule formation process, based on the single droplet impact method. It was found that granules from coarser and more homogenous powders experienced a higher rate of pore evolution during nucleation with a more uniform pore distribution. Dynamic wetting studies showed the granule formation mechanisms, the crater mechanism was found for most binary mixtures with 50 wt. % excipients. According to the physical tests, the granules with lower porosity and finer pores exhibited higher hardness and a slower dissolution rate.
Optimal combinations of CSF biomarkers for predicting cognitive decline and clinical conversion in cognitively unimpaired participants and mild cognitive impairment patients: A multi‐cohort study
Authors: Salvadó Gemma , Larsson Victoria , Cody Karly A , Cullen Nicholas C , Jonaitis Erin M , Stomrud Erik , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Wild Norbert , Palmqvist Sebastian , Janelidze Shorena , Mattsson‐Carlgren Niklas , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Johnson Sterling C , Ossenkoppele Rik , Hansson Oskar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONOur objective was determining the optimal combinations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for predicting disease progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases.METHODSWe included 1,983 participants from three different cohorts with longitudinal cognitive and clinical data, and baseline CSF levels of Aβ42, Aβ40, phosphorylated tau at threonine‐181 (p‐tau), neurofilament light (NfL), neurogranin, α‐synuclein, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), YKL‐40, S100b, and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) (Elecsys NeuroToolKit).RESULTSChange of modified Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (mPACC) in cognitively unimpaired (CU) was best predicted by p‐tau/Aβ42 alone (R2 ≥ 0.31) or together with NfL (R2 = 0.25), while p‐tau/Aβ42 (R2 ≥ 0.19) was sufficient to accurately predict change of the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. P‐tau/Aβ42 (AUC ≥ 0.87) and p‐tau/Aβ42 together with NfL (AUC ≥ 0.75) were the best predictors of conversion to AD and all‐cause dementia, respectively.DISCUSSIONP‐tau/Aβ42 is sufficient for predicting progression in AD, with very high accuracy. Adding NfL improves the prediction of all‐cause dementia conversion and cognitive decline.