bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical evidence for the contribution of citizen-led initiatives and projects to the energy transition in Europe
Authors: Schwanitz Valeria Jana , Wierling August , Arghandeh Paudler Heather , von Beck Constantin , Dufner Simon , Koren Ingrid Knutsdotter , Kraudzun Tobias , Marcroft Timothy , Mueller Lukas , Zeiss Jan Pedro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStatistical accounting of the impacts of citizen-led energy initiatives is absent, despite their impact on increased energy self-sufficiency and ramping up of renewable energies, local sustainable development, greater citizen engagement, diversification of activities, social innovation, and acceptance of transition measures. This paper quantifies the aggregate contributions of collective action in pursuit of the sustainable energy transition in Europe. We estimate the number of initiatives (10,540), projects (22,830), people involved (2,010,600), installed renewable capacities (7.2–9.9 GW), and investments made (6.2–11.3 billion EUR) for 30 European countries. Our aggregate estimates do not suggest that collective action will replace commercial enterprises and governmental action in the short or medium term without fundamental alterations to policy and market structures. However, we find strong evidence for the historical, emerging, and actual importance of citizen-led collective action to the European energy transition. Collective action in the energy transition is experimenting successfully with new business models in the energy sector. Continued decentralization of energy systems and more stringent decarbonization policies will increase the importance of these actors in the future.
Gaze onsets during naturalistic infant-caregiver interaction associate with ‘sender’ but not ‘receiver’ neural responses, and do not lead to changes in inter-brain synchrony
Authors: Marriott Haresign I. , Phillips E. A. M. , Whitehorn M. , Lamagna F. , Eliano M. , Goupil L. , Jones E. J. H. , Wass S. V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTemporal coordination during infant-caregiver social interaction is thought to be crucial for supporting early language acquisition and cognitive development. Despite a growing prevalence of theories suggesting that increased inter-brain synchrony associates with many key aspects of social interactions such as mutual gaze, little is known about how this arises during development. Here, we investigated the role of mutual gaze onsets as a potential driver of inter-brain synchrony. We extracted dual EEG activity around naturally occurring gaze onsets during infant-caregiver social interactions in N = 55 dyads (mean age 12 months). We differentiated between two types of gaze onset, depending on each partners’ role. ‘Sender’ gaze onsets were defined at a time when either the adult or the infant made a gaze shift towards their partner at a time when their partner was either already looking at them (mutual) or not looking at them (non-mutual). ‘Receiver’ gaze onsets were defined at a time when their partner made a gaze shift towards them at a time when either the adult or the infant was already looking at their partner (mutual) or not (non-mutual). Contrary to our hypothesis we found that, during a naturalistic interaction, both mutual and non-mutual gaze onsets were associated with changes in the sender, but not the receiver’s brain activity and were not associated with increases in inter-brain synchrony above baseline. Further, we found that mutual, compared to non-mutual gaze onsets were not associated with increased inter brain synchrony. Overall, our results suggest that the effects of mutual gaze are strongest at the intra-brain level, in the ‘sender’ but not the ‘receiver’ of the mutual gaze.
Cdk5 mediates rotational force-induced brain injury
Authors: Umfress Alan , Chakraborti Ayanabha , Priya Sudarsana Devi Suma , Adams Raegan , Epstein Daniel , Massicano Adriana , Sorace Anna , Singh Sarbjit , Iqbal Hossian M. , Andrabi Shaida A. , Crossman David K. , Kumar Nilesh , Shahid Mukhtar M. , Luo Huiyang , Simpson Claire , Abell Kathryn , Stokes Matthew , Wiederhold Thorsten , Rosen Charles , Lu Hongbing , Natarajan Amarnath , Bibb James A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMillions of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) occur annually. TBIs commonly result from falls, traffic accidents, and sports-related injuries, all of which involve rotational acceleration/deceleration of the brain. During these injuries, the brain endures a multitude of primary insults including compression of brain tissue, damaged vasculature, and diffuse axonal injury. All of these deleterious effects can contribute to secondary brain ischemia, cellular death, and neuroinflammation that progress for weeks, months, and lifetime after injury. While the linear effects of head trauma have been extensively modeled, less is known about how rotational injuries mediate neuronal damage following injury. Here, we developed a new model of repetitive rotational head trauma in rodents and demonstrated acute and prolonged pathological, behavioral, and electrophysiological effects of rotational TBI (rTBI). We identify aberrant Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) activity as a principal mediator of rTBI. We utilized Cdk5-enriched phosphoproteomics to uncover potential downstream mediators of rTBI and show pharmacological inhibition of Cdk5 reduces the cognitive and pathological consequences of injury. These studies contribute meaningfully to our understanding of the mechanisms of rTBI and how they may be effectively treated.
Spatial ecology of the invasive Asian common toad in Madagascar and its implications for invasion dynamics
Authors: Licata Fulvio , Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Falaschi Mattia , Muller Benjamin J. , Andreone Franco , Harison Rodino Fetrarijahona , Freeman Karen , Monteiro Antonio T. , Rosa Sophia , Crottini Angelica 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInvasion dynamics are determined, among other aspects, by the spatial behaviour of invasive populations. The invasive toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus is spreading inland from the eastern coast of Madagascar, causing considerable ecological impacts. Understanding the basic factors determining the spread dynamics can inform management strategies and provide insights into spatial evolutionary processes. We radio-tracked 91 adult toads in three localities along the invasion gradient to determine whether spatial sorting of dispersive phenotypes is occurring, and investigate intrinsic and extrinsic determinants of spatial behaviour. Overall, toads in our study appeared as habitat generalists, and their sheltering behaviour was tied to water proximity, with toads changing shelter more frequently closer to waterbodies. Toads showed low displacement rates (mean = 4.12 m/day) and quite a philopatric behaviour but were able to perform daily movements of over 50 m. We did not detect any spatial sorting of dispersal-relevant traits nor sex- or size-biased dispersal. Our results suggest that toads are more likely to expand their range during the wet season, and that the range expansion is probably dominated by short-distance dispersal at this stage of the invasion, although a future increase in invasion speed is expected, due to the capacity for long-distance movements of this species.
Mapping peripheral and abdominal sarcopenia acquired in the acute phase of COVID-19 during 7 days of mechanical ventilation
Authors: de Moura Pedro Henrique , de Souza Helga , Brandão Daniella Cunha , Barros Carlos , Correia Mario , Reinaux Cyda , Leite Wagner Souza , de Andrade Armele Dornelas , Campos Shirley Lima 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOur aim was to map acquired peripheral and abdominal sarcopenia in mechanically ventilated adults with COVID-19 through ultrasound measurements. On Days 1, 3, 5 and 7 after admission to critical care, the muscle thickness and cross-sectional area of the quadriceps, rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, tibialis anterior, medial and lateral gastrocnemius, deltoid, biceps brachii, rectus abdominis, internal and external oblique, and transversus abdominis were measured using bedside ultrasound. A total of 5460 ultrasound images were analyzed from 30 patients (age: 59.8 ± 15.6 years; 70% men). Muscle thickness loss was found in the bilateral anterior tibial and medial gastrocnemius muscles (range 11.5–14.6%) between Days 1 and 3; in the bilateral quadriceps, rectus femoris, lateral gastrocnemius, deltoid, and biceps brachii (range 16.3–39.1%) between Days 1 and 5; in the internal oblique abdominal (25.9%) between Days 1 and 5; and in the rectus and transversus abdominis (29%) between Days 1 and 7. The cross-sectional area was reduced in the bilateral tibialis anterior and left biceps brachii (range 24.6–25.6%) between Days 1 and 5 and in the bilateral rectus femoris and right biceps brachii (range 22.9–27.7%) between Days 1 and 7. These findings indicate that the peripheral and abdominal muscle loss is progressive during the first week of mechanical ventilation and is significantly higher in the lower limbs, left quadriceps and right rectus femoris muscles in critically ill patients with COVID-19.
Contributions of NR1H3 genetic polymorphisms to susceptibility and effects of narrowband UVB phototherapy to nonsegmental vitiligo
Authors: Xu Meifeng , Xu Qiuyu , Liu Yan , Li Xiaoli , Wang Mei , Dong Wei , Song Yuning , Xiao Shengxiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVitiligo is the most common depigmenting disorder to which both genetic and environmental factors contribute. The aim of the current work was to evaluate the relationship between polymorphisms of the gene nuclear receptor subfamily 1 Group H member 3 (NR1H3) and the risk of vitiligo and phototherapy effects in the Chinese Han population. Two independent samples were enrolled to form the discovery set (comprised of 1668 nonsegmental vitiligo [NSV] patients and 2542 controls) and the validation set (comprised of 745 NSV patients and 1492 controls). A total of 13 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in the samples from the discovery stage. SNPs that achieved nominal significance were validated in another independent sample set. The serum level of NR1H3 protein was assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits in the validation set. Genetic association analysis was carried out at allelic and genotypic levels. The therapeutic effects of significant SNPs were examined in the validation set. The SNP rs3758672 was significantly associated with NSV. The A allele was correlated with NSV risk and poorer therapeutic effects. The A allele was strongly correlated with the increased level of serum NR1H3 in both controls and patients. In summary, SNP rs3758672 in NR1H3 was significantly associated with both disease susceptibility and individualized therapeutic effects of NSV in study participants with Han Chinese ancestry.
Spin-flip-driven anomalous Hall effect and anisotropic magnetoresistance in a layered Ising antiferromagnet
Authors: Oh Dong Gun , Kim Jong Hyuk , Kim Mi Kyung , Jeong Ki Won , Shin Hyun Jun , Hong Jae Min , Kim Jin Seok , Moon Kyungsun , Lee Nara , Choi Young Jai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe influence of magnetocrystalline anisotropy in antiferromagnets is evident in a spin flip or flop transition. Contrary to spin flops, a spin-flip transition has been scarcely presented due to its specific condition of relatively strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy and the role of spin-flips on anisotropic phenomena has not been investigated in detail. In this study, we present antiferromagnet-based functional properties on an itinerant Ising antiferromagnet Ca0.9Sr0.1Co2As2. In the presence of a rotating magnetic field, anomalous Hall conductivity and anisotropic magnetoresistance are demonstrated, the effects of which are maximized above the spin-flip transition. Moreover, a joint experimental and theoretical study is conducted to provide an efficient tool to identify various spin states, which can be useful in spin-processing functionalities.
Potential benefits of a blend of essential oils on metabolism, digestibility, organ development and gene expression of dairy calves
Authors: Campolina Joana P. , Coelho Sandra Gesteira , Belli Anna Luiza , Neves Luiz F. Martins , Machado Fernanda S. , Pereira Luiz G. R. , Tomich Thierry R. , Carvalho Wanessa A. , Daibert Raquel M. P. , Reis Daniele R. L. , Costa Suely F. , Voorsluys Alessandra L. , Jacob David V. , Campos Mariana M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate blood cells and metabolites, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), digestibility, internal organs weight and histology, gene expression, and spleen cell proliferation of pre-weaned bull calves supplemented with a blend of essential oils in milk replacer (MR). Sixteen newborn Holstein × Gyr crossbred dairy bull calves, with body weight at birth of 33.3 ± 3.7 kg, were housed in individual sand bedded pens, blocked by genetic composition, and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments in a randomized complete block design: Control (CON, n = 8) and blend of essential oils supplementation (BEO, n = 8, 1 g/day/calf, Apex Calf, Adisseo, China). The commercial blend was composed by plant extracts derived from anise, cinnamon, garlic, rosemary, and thyme. Animals were fed 5 L of MR/day reconstituted at 15% (dry matter basis), divided into two equal meals. Water and starter were provided ad libitum. ß-hydroxybutyrate, urea, and glucose were evaluated weekly, IGF-1 was evaluated biweekly, and total blood cell count was performed every four weeks until the end of the trial at eight weeks of age. Feed samples were collected three times a week and polled for weekly analysis. Apparent total nutrient digestibility was determined from d 56 to 60 of age. On d 60 ± 1, animals were euthanized for organ weight, histology, spleen cell proliferation, and intestinal gene expression analysis. Data were analyzed independently using linear mixed models using the REML method in the nlme package in R for continuous outcomes. A non-parametric test was used for ordered categorical outcomes using the Artools package in R. There were no differences between groups for blood evaluations, digestibility, gene expression, and a spleen cell proliferation assay. However, BEO calves presented a heavier pancreas, heavier intestines, bigger ileum villi, and higher cecum butyrate levels (P < 0.05), demonstrating that the EO supplementation helped intestinal development and symbiotic bacteria. It was also observed in CON animals’ heavier respiratory tract and a higher eosinophil count (P < 0.05). Therefore, the organs where eosinophils are more active had a better response for BEO animals. No differences were found in the intestinal gene expression in the immune context. These results demonstrate that supplementing essential oils in MR could contribute to gut development and immune function. However, more research is needed to understand its impact on body development and define the best dosage and route of administration.
Cortical atrophy in chronic subdural hematoma from ultra-structures to physical properties
Authors: Familiari Pietro , Lapolla Pierfrancesco , Relucenti Michela , Battaglione Ezio , Cristiano Loredana , Sorrentino Veronica , Aversa Sara , D’Amico Alessia , Puntorieri Pierfabrizio , Bruzzaniti Lucia , Mingoli Andrea , Brachini Gioia , Barbaro Giuseppe , Scafa Anthony Kevin , D’Andrea Giancarlo , Frati Alessandro , Picotti Veronica , Berra Luigi Valentino , Petrozza Vincenzo , Nottola Stefania , Santoro Antonio , Bruzzaniti Placido 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSeveral theories have tried to elucidate the mechanisms behind the pathophysiology of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). However, this process is complex and remains mostly unknown. In this study we performed a retrospective randomised analysis comparing the cortical atrophy of 190 patients with unilateral CSDH, with 190 healthy controls. To evaluate the extent of cortical atrophy, CT scan images were utilised to develop an index that is the ratio of the maximum diameter sum of 3 cisterns divided by the maximum diameter of the skull at the temporal lobe level. Also, we reported, for the first time, the ultrastructural analyses of the CSDH using a combination of immunohistochemistry methods and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Internal validation was performed to confirm the assessment of the different degrees of cortical atrophy. Relative Cortical Atrophy Index (RCA index) refers to the sum of the maximum diameter of three cisterns (insular cistern, longitudinal cerebral fissure and cerebral sulci greatest) with the temporal bones' greatest internal distance. This index, strongly related to age in healthy controls, is positively correlated to the preoperative and post-operative maximum diameter of hematoma and the midline shift in CSDH patients. On the contrary, it negatively correlates to the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS). The Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (AUROC) showed that RCA index effectively differentiated cases from controls. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the newly formed CD-31 positive microvessels are higher in number than the CD34-positive microvessels in the CSDH inner membrane than in the outer membrane. Ultrastructural observations highlight the presence of a chronic inflammatory state mainly in the CSDH inner membrane. Integrating these results, we have obtained an etiopathogenetic model of CSDH. Cortical atrophy appears to be the triggering factor activating the cascade of transendothelial cellular filtration, inflammation, membrane formation and neovascularisation leading to the CSDH formation.
Social attention and social-emotional modulation of attention in Angelman syndrome: an eye-tracking study
Authors: Micheletti Serena , Vivanti Giacomo , Renzetti Stefano , Lanaro Matteo Paolo , Martelli Paola , Calza Stefano ,   Social Attention in Angelman Study Group, Accorsi Patrizia , Agostini Stefania , Alessandrini Anna , D’Adda Nicole , Ferrari Laura , Foresti Valentina , Galli Jessica , Giordano Lucio , Marras Melissa , Rizzi Alessandro , Fazzi Elisa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIndividuals with Angelman syndrome (AS) present with severe intellectual disability alongside a social phenotype characterised by social communication difficulties and an increased drive for social engagement. As the social phenotype in this condition is poorly understood, we examined patterns of social attention and social modulation of attention in AS. Twenty-four individuals with AS and twenty-one young children with similar mental age were shown videos featuring unfamiliar actors who performed simple actions across two conditions: a playful condition, in which the actor showed positive facial emotions, and a neutral condition, in which the actor showed a neutral facial expression. During the passive observation of the videos, participants’ proportion of time spent watching the two areas of interest (faces and actions) was examined using eye-tracking technology. We found that the playful condition elicited increased proportion of fixations duration to the actor’s face compared to the neutral condition similarly across groups. Additionally, the proportion of fixations duration to the action area was similar across groups in the two conditions. However, children with AS looked towards the actor’s face for a shorter duration compared to the comparison group across conditions. This pattern of similarities and differences provides novel insight on the complex social phenotype of children with AS.
A text mining analysis of human flourishing on Twitter
Authors: Cebral-Loureda Manuel , Hernández-Baqueiro Alberto , Tamés-Muñoz Enrique 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe power of social media in spreading the idea of wellbeing has already been addressed by several psychologists and scholars through the analysis of the vocabulary; however, the use of the human flourishing (HF) concept in such platforms has not yet been analyzed. This study addresses such a topic by analyzing more than 600 thousand Twitter messages posted by a community of users who associate themselves with HF and comparing them to more than 400 thousand messages in other Twitter lists. The study aims to identify the HF users’ interests, the richness in their vocabulary, the feelings and emotions that they share, and the grammar used in their constructions. Such an analysis was conducted through text mining computational methods, including sentiment analysis, natural language processing (NLP), and topic modeling. The results revealed that although HF users employ average vocabulary diversity, they share more positive emotions, and a greater variety of emojis. They also tended to discuss different topics, from more spiritual and health-related subjects to more practical matters related to work and success. Finally, they generally wrote from an empathetic state of mind, caring about people’s day-to-day feelings and about the world.
Subpial hemorrhages in neonates: imaging features, clinical factors and outcomes
Authors: Zhuang Xiamei , Jin Ke , Li Junwei , Yin Yan , He Siping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNeonatal subpial hemorrhage is a poorly understood type of intracranial hemorrhage. Herein, we reported on 34 neonates with subpial hemorrhages, focusing on the imaging features, clinical factors, and outcomes of this type of intracranial hemorrhage. This retrospective case series enrolled 34 neonates with subpial hemorrhages. We analyzed their magnetic resonance (MR) images, clinical manifestations, and prognoses. We categorized, for the first time, the MR images of patients with subpial hemorrhages into three imaging patterns; moreover, on the basis of a yin-yang sign, we added a sandwich sign, attaining an MR image feature that was easier to understand. MR Patterns A and B both have good prognoses, and most patients had normal clinical outcomes. Subpial hemorrhage in neonates may be diagnosed via imaging patterns. Recognizing this pattern of hemorrhage may help gain a better understanding of the associated risk factors.
Disentangling the mixed effects of soil management on microbial diversity and soil functions: A case study in vineyards
Authors: Pingel Martin , Reineke Annette , Leyer Ilona 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPromoting soil functioning by maintaining soil microbial diversity and activity is central for sustainable agriculture. In viticulture, soil management often includes tillage, which poses a multifaceted disturbance to the soil environment and has direct and indirect effects on soil microbial diversity and soil functioning. However, the challenge of disentangling the effects of different soil management practices on soil microbial diversity and functioning has rarely been addressed. In this study, we investigated the effects of soil management on soil bacterial and fungal diversity as well as soil functions (soil respiration and decomposition) using a balanced experimental design with four soil management types in nine vineyards in Germany. Application of structural equation modelling enabled us to investigate the causal relationships of soil disturbance, vegetation cover, and plant richness on soil properties, microbial diversity, and soil functions. We could show that soil disturbance by tillage increased bacterial diversity but decreased fungal diversity. We identified a positive effect of plant diversity on bacterial diversity. Soil respiration showed a positive response to soil disturbance, while decomposition was negatively affected in highly disturbed soils via mediated effects of vegetation removal. Our results contribute to the understanding of direct and indirect effects of vineyard soil management on soil life and aids designing targeted recommendations for agricultural soil management.