bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paleopopulations and ecological connectivity in the Natura 2000 Network: proposal for the serpentine-soil Spanish firs of Sierra Bermeja (Serranía de Ronda)
Authors: Gómez-Zotano José , Pardo-Martínez Rubén , Olmedo-Cobo José Antonio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOne of the conservation priorities of the Natura 2000 Network is the ecological connectivity of forests and species of community interest to facilitate compliance with the obligations of the EU Habitats Directive. The location of paleo-populations and past distribution areas is a first step towards creating an ecological corridor which, with the protection enjoyed by Special Areas of Conservation, could positively impact the resilience of forest species in the face of Climate Change. The endangered relict forests of Spanish fir (Abies pinsapo) are endemic in the Serranía de Ronda (Baetic Cordillera, Southern Spain) and form a highly fragmented habitat of community interest. Amongst these forests, the Spanish fir forests that grow on serpentine soils are particularly interesting. This ultramafic mountain range has suffered the highest recurrence of forest fires in all the Serranía de Ronda, and as a result, the Spanish fir forests have been subject to processes of local extinction throughout history. In this research, we used pedoanthracology to uncover ancient locations of Abies pinsapo; in this way, forest fires are the main cause of the disappearance of this emblematic species in Sierra Bermeja, and their charcoal remains allowed us to make a precise reconstruction of its past distribution area. On the basis of the data obtained, an ecological corridor linking these relict forests was proposed. This corridor has now begun to be implemented with the participation of public and private social agents.
Unique continuation for the Lamé system using stabilized finite element methods
Authors: Burman Erik , Preuss Janosch 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe introduce an arbitrary order, stabilized finite element method for solving a unique continuation problem subject to the time-harmonic elastic wave equation with variable coefficients. Based on conditional stability estimates we prove convergence rates for the proposed method which take into account the noise level and the polynomial degree. A series of numerical experiments corroborates our theoretical results and explores additional aspects, e.g. how the quality of the reconstruction depends on the geometry of the involved domains. We find that certain convexity properties are crucial to obtain a good recovery of the wave displacement outside the data domain and that higher polynomial orders can be more efficient but also more sensitive to the ill-conditioned nature of the problem.
An assessment method of rail corrugation based on wheel–rail vertical force and its application for rail grinding
Authors: Niu Liubin , Yang Fei , Deng Xiangyun , Zhang Pan , Jing Guoqing , Qiang Weile , Guo Yunlong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn practice, the assessment and treatment of rail corrugation are quantitatively based on the corrugation depth. Wheel–rail vertical forces (WRVF), as a direct reflection of wheel–rail interaction, can give expression to the corrugation depth and thus serve as a key parameter for assessing the corrugation. In this paper, we propose an evaluation method for rail corrugation based on the WRVF. First, a 3D wheel–rail dynamic finite element (FE) model was developed with typical parameters of CRTS II slab track and CRH3 vehicle for high-speed railways in China. The accuracy of the model was then validated with the measured WRVF data in the field. Second, using the validated model, the time–frequency domain distribution of WRVF (vehicle speed: 300 km/h) was obtained with consideration of the corrugation wavelength in the range of 40–180 mm. The non-linear least squares method and rational equation were used to fit the function between the large value of WRVF and the corrugation depth value under the conditions of different corrugation wavelengths. Next, effects of the Pinned–Pinned resonance frequency and vibration mode on the fitted parameters were analysed, by which an indicator for corrugation treatment (grinding) was proposed. Finally, the indicator was applied in the monitoring of rail corrugation for high-speed railway lines in the field. The results show that the misjudgement rate of rail grinding decisions (using the proposed indicator) is low with the accuracy at 92.5%. The proposed method can provide a basis for the rail corrugation evaluation and grinding decisions-making.
Detection of human neurotropic JCPyV DNA sequence in pediatric anaplastic xanthoastrocytoma
Authors: Passerini Sara , Prezioso Carla , Prota Annalisa , Babini Giulia , Bargiacchi Lavinia , Bartolini Daniela , Moens Ugo , Antonelli Manila , Pietropaolo Valeria 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDue to its peculiar histopathological findings, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA), a rare cerebral tumor of young adults with a slow growth and a good prognosis, resembles to the lytic phase of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). Therefore, the presence of JCPyV DNA was examined in an 11-year-old child with xanthoastrocytoma, WHO grade 3, by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and nested PCR (nPCR) using primers amplifying sequences encoding the N- and C-terminal region of large T antigen (LTAg), the non-coding control region (NCCR), and viral protein 1 (VP1) DNA. The expression of transcripts from LTAg and VP1 genes was also evaluated. In addition, viral microRNAs’ (miRNAs) expression was investigated. Cellular p53 was also searched at both DNA and RNA level. qPCR revealed the presence of JCPyV DNA with a mean value of 6.0 × 104 gEq/mL. nPCR gave a positive result for the 5ʹ region of the LTAg gene and the NCCR, whereas 3ʹ end LTAg and VP1 DNA sequences were not amplifiable. Only LTAg transcripts of 5ʹ end were found whereas VP1 gene transcript was undetectable. Although in most cases, either Mad-1 or Mad-4 NCCRs have been identified in association with JCPyV-positive human brain neoplasms, the archetype NCCR structure was observed in the patient’s sample. Neither viral miRNA miR-J1-5p nor p53 DNA and RNA were detected. Although the expression of LTAg supports the possible role of JCPyV in PXA, further studies are warranted to better understand whether the genesis of xanthoastrocytoma could depend on the transformation capacity of LTAg by Rb sequestration.
A side-channel attack on a masked and shuffled software implementation of Saber
Authors: Ngo Kalle , Dubrova Elena , Johansson Thomas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we show that a software implementation of IND-CCA-secure Saber key encapsulation mechanism protected by first-order masking and shuffling can be broken by deep learning-based power analysis. Using an ensemble of deep neural networks trained at the profiling stage, we can recover the session key and the secret key from $$257 \times N$$

257
×
N

and $$24 \times 257 \times N$$

24
×
257
×
N

traces, respectively, where N is the number of repetitions of the same measurement. The value of N depends on the implementation of the algorithm, the type of device under attack, environmental factors, acquisition noise, etc.; in our experiments $$N = 10$$

N
=
10

is sufficient for a successful attack. The neural networks are trained on a combination of 80% of traces from the profiling device with a known shuffling order and 20% of traces from the device under attack captured for all-0 and all-1 messages. “Spicing” the training set with traces from the device under attack helps us minimize the negative effect of inter-device variability.
Fluctuations for Some Nonstationary Interacting Particle Systems via Boltzmann–Gibbs Principle
Authors: Yang Kevin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Conjecture II.3.6 of Spohn in [47] and Lecture 7 of Jensen–Yau in [35] ask for a general derivation of universal fluctuations of hydrodynamic limits in large-scale stochastic interacting particle systems. However, the past few decades have witnessed only minimal progress according to [26]. In this paper, we develop a general method for deriving the so-called Boltzmann–Gibbs principle for a general family of nonintegrable and nonstationary interacting particle systems, thereby responding to Spohn and Jensen–Yau. Most importantly, our method depends mostly on local and dynamical, and thus more general/universal, features of the model. This contrasts with previous work [6, 8, 24, 34], all of which rely on global and nonuniversal assumptions on invariant measures or initial measures of the model. As a concrete application of the method, we derive the KPZ equation as a large-scale limit of the height functions for a family of nonstationary and nonintegrable exclusion processes with an environment-dependent asymmetry. This establishes a first result to Big Picture Question 1.6 in [54] for nonstationary and nonintegrable ‘speed-change’ models that have also been of interest beyond KPZ [18, 22, 23, 38].
Pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium lentiflavum at a general hospital in Japan
Authors: Nagano Yutaro , Kuronuma Koji , Kitamura Yasuo , Nagano Kanami , Yabe Hayato , Kudo Sayaka , Sato Toyotaka , Nirasawa Shinya , Nakae Mami , Horiuchi Motohiro , Yokota Shin-ichi , Fujiya Yoshihiro , Saito Atsushi , Takahashi Satoshi , Chiba Hirofumi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground:Mycobacterium lentiflavum is a slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacterium that is widely distributed in soil and water systems, but it is sometimes pathogenic to humans. Although cases of M. lentiflavum infections are rare, 22 isolates of M. lentiflavum were identified at a single hospital in Japan. We suspected a nosocomial outbreak; thus, we conducted transmission pattern and genotype analyses.Methods:Cases of M. lentiflavum isolated at Kushiro City General Hospital in Japan between May 2020 and April 2021 were analyzed. The patient samples and environmental culture specimens underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Additionally, we retrospectively collected clinical data from patient medical records.Results:Altogether, 22 isolates of M. lentiflavum were identified from sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples. Clinically, the instances with M. lentiflavum isolates were considered contaminants. In the WGS analysis, 19 specimens, including 18 patient samples and 1 environmental culture from the hospital’s faucet, showed genetic similarity. The frequency of M. lentiflavum isolation decreased after we prohibited the use of taps where M. lentiflavum was isolated.Conclusions:WGS analysis identified that the cause of M. lentiflavum pseudo-outbreak was the water used for patient examinations, including bronchoscopy.
Involvement of information specialists and statisticians in systematic reviews
Authors: Waffenschmidt Siw , Bender Ralf 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Systematic reviews (SRs) are usually conducted by a highly specialized group of researchers. The routine involvement of methodological experts is a core methodological recommendation. The present commentary describes the qualifications required for information specialists and statisticians involved in SRs, as well as their tasks, the methodological challenges they face, and potential future areas of involvement.

Tasks and qualifications
Information specialists select the information sources, develop search strategies, conduct the searches, and report the results. Statisticians select the methods for evidence synthesis, assess the risk of bias, and interpret the results. The minimum requirements for their involvement in SRs are a suitable university degree (e.g., in statistics or librarian/information science or an equivalent degree), methodological and content expertise, and several years of experience.

Key arguments
The complexity of conducting SRs has greatly increased due to a massive rise in the amount of available evidence and the number and complexity of SR methods, largely statistical and information retrieval methods. Additional challenges exist in the actual conduct of an SR, such as judging how complex the research question could become and what hurdles could arise during the course of the project.

Conclusion
SRs are becoming more and more complex to conduct and information specialists and statisticians should routinely be involved right from the start of the SR. This increases the trustworthiness of SRs as the basis for reliable, unbiased and reproducible health policy, and clinical decision making.
Prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a cohort of people living with HIV/AIDS from an urban area
Authors: Kesper Norival , Ignácio Junior Jose Carlos , Rocci Rafael Avila , Cunha Mirela A. , Lindoso José Angelo Lauletta 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The prevalence rate of coinfection Chagas disease (CD) and HIV in Brazil is between 1.3 and 5%. Serological tests for detecting CD use total antigen, which present cross reactivity with other endemic diseases, such as leishmaniasis. It is urge the use of a specific test to determinate the real prevalence of T. cruzi infection in people living with HIV AIDS (PLWHA). Here, we evaluated the prevalence of T. cruzi infection in a cohort of 240 PLWHA living in urban area from São Paulo, Brazil. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, using epimastigote alkaline extract antigen from T. cruzi (ELISA EAE), returned a 2.0% prevalence. However by Immunoblotting, using trypomastigote excreted-secreted antigen (TESA Blot) from T. cruzi, we detected a prevalence of 0.83%. We consider that the real prevalence of T. cruzi-infection in PLWHA is 0.83%, lower than reported in literature; this is due to TESA Blot specificity, probably excluding false positives for CD immunodiagnosis. Our results demonstrate a real need to apply diagnostic tests with high sensitivity and specificity that can help assess the current status of CD/HIV coinfection in Brazil in order to stratify the effective risk of reactivation and consequently decreasing mortality.
Adapting cognitive behaviour therapy for adults with autism: a lived experience-led consultation with specialist psychological therapists
Authors: Riches Simon , Hammond Neil , Bianco Marilla , Fialho Carolina , Acland James 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate, from a lived experience perspective, specialist psychological therapists’ views on therapeutic adaptations to cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for autism that are most helpful for service users and enable best practice. Psychological therapist participants took part in semi-structured interviews led by a researcher with lived experience of autism. A thematic analysis was carried out. Participants (n=8) reported that challenges for service users were anxiety about the therapeutic relationship; communication difficulties with understanding and being understood; emotion recognition difficulties impeding trust and development of the therapeutic relationship; relationships with family interfering with the intervention; information processing impairments, necessitating a slower pace to the intervention; and avoidance of therapy due to anxiety. Goals were forming relationships and building social confidence and skills. Demographic differences were age, with older service users deemed less open to change and younger service users less mature and more often accompanied by family; and gender, with female service users deemed more socially able than males. Therapeutic adaptations were to increase collaboration; support emotional literacy, to help service users understand their own and others’ emotions; focus on special interests; use visual prompts, to improve communication and understanding; be consistent, to build trust and reduce anxiety; accommodate sensory needs, to reduce anxiety and build engagement; avoid metaphors, to reduce communication difficulties; and use role-play, to build and enhance social skills. Therefore, adapting CBT may support clinicians and reduce challenges for people with autism, while lived experience perspectives ensure adaptations meet service users’ needs.

Key learning aims

(1)
To use a lived experience perspective to explore expert psychological therapists’ views of challenges and adaptations when delivering CBT for adults with autism.

(2)
To investigate the benefits of adapting CBT when working with adults with autism.

(3)
To understand the importance of involving people with lived experience in the development and co-production of psychological interventions.
Trade and Climate Mitigation Interactions Create Agro‐Economic Opportunities With Social and Environmental Trade‐Offs in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Yarlagadda Brinda , Wild Thomas , Zhao Xin , Clarke Leon , Cui Ryna , Khan Zarrar , Birnbaum Abigail , Lamontagne Jonathan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region plays key roles in both meeting global agricultural demands and maintaining carbon sinks due to its abundant land and water resources. In this study we use the Global Change Analysis Model to evaluate the opportunities and challenges posed by two global‐scale drivers: agricultural market integration (i.e., reduction of trade barriers) and land‐based climate mitigation policy. We evaluate their potential individual and combined impacts on agricultural production and trade revenues across LAC's economies through mid‐century, as well as the resulting impacts on agricultural consumers and integrated land‐water‐climate systems across LAC's diverse sub‐regions. Increased global market integration results in increased agricultural production and trade revenues for many LAC economies, driven by their evolving comparative advantages. Climate mitigation measures on CO2 and non‐CO2 greenhouse gases increase revenues due to increased agricultural prices from land competition and emissions abatement. The combined outcomes from both drivers are complex and sometimes non‐linear, highlighting the importance of understanding the interactions between multiple drivers. Our results show that increased agricultural production and trade opportunities, from either of the two drivers, pose significant trade‐offs that require careful multi‐sectoral planning, such as emissions reduction challenges, potential loss of livestock production when pursuing land‐based climate mitigation strategies, increased consumer expenditures, and changes in land‐use or water withdrawals, resulting in deforestation or water scarcity pressures. There is considerable heterogeneity in economic and environmental outcomes across LAC sub‐regions and agricultural commodities, illustrating the value of considering outcomes at finer scales.
Global Observations of the Short‐Term Disturbances in the Geomagnetic Field and Induced Currents During the Supersubstorms Events of Solar Cycle 24
Authors: Hajra Sritam , Dashora Nirvikar , Ivan J. Solomon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFour supersubstorms of the solar cycle 24 are analyzed to investigate the global variations in the H‐component and geomagnetically induced currents (GICs). The response to the storm sudden commencement (SSC) of the 2012 and 2017 events is observed differently over different latitude bands. Initially, the latitude band of 0°–45° shows a step‐like preliminary positive impulse (PPI), 45°–65° shows a Gaussian‐kind of PPI and 65°–90° shows a preliminary reverse impulse, followed by a main impulse all over. The H‐component variations during the supersubstorm periods show a strong north‐south asymmetry over the high latitudes which is attributed to the seasonal dependence of the growth and decay of ionospheric currents respectively in the summer and winter hemispheres. The co‐latitude band of ∼55°–65° shows a complete reversal of phase (i.e., global positive peak) of the H‐component compared to the maximum depression observed from the close‐by latitude bands and peak depressions in the SYM‐H, SML, and AE indices. The low latitude variations exhibit a dominant local time‐dependent control of the perturbation electric fields over the short and long terms during the geomagnetic events. The D‐component variations reflect complex ionospheric contributions during the SSC and the main phase with more asymmetries and variability. The GIC threat represented by the dB/dt peaks during the supersubstorms shows the highest magnitude (∼900 nT/min) in the latitude band of 60°–75° with a secondary peak over the dip equatorial regions. Further, some scattered and prominent peaks over the mid and high latitudes outside the supersubstorm periods are also observed.
Shifts, Trends, and Drivers of Lake Color Across China Since the 1980s
Authors: Cao Zhigang , Melack John M. , Liu Miao , Kutser Tiit , Duan Hongtao , Ma Ronghua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLakes are sentinels of global changes and integrators of processes in watersheds. Changes of lake water quality can be observed in shifts in lake color, however, the prevalence of shifts and trends in color and relevant factors remain elusive. Here, a comprehensive examination of color in 2,550 Chinese lakes from 1984 to 2021 revealed that color in 68% of the lakes shifted toward shorter visual wavelengths. Lakes in the Tibetan Plateau had larger declines in wavelength than lakes in other areas. The factors associated with reduced visual wavelengths varied in different ecoregions. A warmer and wetter climate in deep lakes in western China is associated with shifts toward blue. Increased vegetation in watershed and decreased wind are associated with green‐yellow shifting to green‐cyan color in shallow lakes of eastern China. Our study highlights the heterogeneous controls of climate and humans on changing patterns of lake colors.
The long non-coding RNA keratin-7 antisense acts as a new tumor suppressor to inhibit tumorigenesis and enhance apoptosis in lung and breast cancers
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Meng Mei , Yao Jun , Zhou Hao , Chen Yu , Liu Juntao , Wang Jie , Liu Yuxi , Qiao Yingnan , Zhang Mengli , Qi Jindan , Zhang Tong , Zhou Zhou , Jiang Tao , Shang Bingxue , Zhou Quansheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExpression of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) keratin-7 antisense (KRT7-AS) is downregulated in various types of cancer; however, the impact of KRT7-AS deficiency on tumorigenesis and apoptosis is enigmatic. We aim to explore the influence of KRT7-AS in carcinogenesis and apoptosis. We found that KRT7-AS was deficient in breast and lung cancers, and low levels of KRT7-AS were a poor prognostic factor in breast cancer. Cellular studies showed that silencing of KRT7-AS in lung cancer cells increased oncogenic Keratin-7 levels and enhanced tumorigenesis, but diminished cancer apoptosis of the cancer cells; by contrast, overexpression of KRT7-AS inhibited lung cancer cell tumorigenesis. Additionally, KRT7-AS sensitized cancer cells to the anti-cancer drug cisplatin, consequently enhancing cancer cell apoptosis. In vivo, KRT7-AS overexpression significantly suppressed tumor growth in xenograft mice, while silencing of KRT7-AS promoted tumor growth. Mechanistically, KRT7-AS reduced the levels of oncogenic Keratin-7 and significantly elevated amounts of the key tumor suppressor PTEN in cancer cells through directly binding to PTEN protein via its core nucleic acid motif GGCAAUGGCGG. This inhibited the ubiquitination-proteasomal degradation of PTEN protein, therefore elevating PTEN levels in cancer cells. We also found that KRT7-AS gene transcription was driven by the transcription factor RXRα; intriguingly, the small molecule berberine enhanced KRT7-AS expression, reduced tumorigenesis, and promoted apoptosis of cancer cells. Collectively, KRT7-AS functions as a new tumor suppressor and an apoptosis enhancer in lung and breast cancers, and we unraveled that the RXRα-KRT7-AS-PTEN signaling axis controls carcinogenesis and apoptosis. Our findings highlight a tumor suppressive role of endogenous KRT7-AS in cancers and an important effect the RXRα-KRT7-AS-PTEN axis on control of cancer cell tumorigenesis and apoptosis, and offer a new platform for developing novel therapeutics against cancers.