bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrograde intramedullary nailing or locked plating for stabilisation of distal femoral fractures? A comparative study of 193 patients
Authors: Howard Anthony , Myatt A. , Hodgson H. , Naeem H. , Pepple S. , Perumal A. , Panteli M. , Kanakaris N. , Giannoudis P. V. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of distal femoral fracture fixation of two different methods, lateral locking plate (LP) or an Intra-medullary nail (IMN), in patients managed in our institution. More specifically, to assess: (a) if there was a difference in functional outcomes between the LP and IMN groups; (b) whether the rate of complications was different between the two groups.

Methods
Between January 2009 and December 2018 adult patients with distal femoral fractures managed in our unit with either LP or IMN for extra and intra-articular fractures were eligible to participate. Demographic details, fracture type, procedures performed, time to union, complications and functional scores (Oxford Knee Score) were recorded and analysed. The mean follow up was 4 years (12–120 months).

Results
Out of 193 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 93 received an IMN whereas 100 patients were treated with LP. Mean age was 64.2 (18–99) and 70.1 (18–100) for the IMN and LP groups respectively. Overall, the two groups had similar demographics and there was no significant difference in the type of fractures sustained (p > 0.05). The Oxford Knee Score was highest for patients fixed with LP, mean 37.3 (6–48, SD 7.3) versus 28.4 (3–48, SD 14.4), (p =  < 0.02) compared to the IMN group. In terms of complications, the rate of non-union was higher in the LP group 8.6% versus 4% in those patients treated with an IMN, p value < 0.01.

Conclusion
While the rate of non-union was higher in the LP group and the functional results were superior in the plating group.
Enhancement effects of extracellular fluid viscosity and matrix stiffness on cancer cell mechanosensing
Authors: Cao Chunyu , Xu Zhao , Liu Yan , Cheng Bo , Xu Feng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCancer cells are in vivo situated in a complex and heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME) that includes various biochemical and biophysical cues, such as the elasticity of extracellular matrix (ECMwo) and the viscosity of extracellular fluid (ECF). ECF viscosity in TME is much higher than in normal tissue, but it is unclear how this increased viscosity works simultaneously with other biophysical cues (e.g., ECM stiffness) to influence cancer cell behavior. We experimentally observed that ECF viscosity can significantly enhance cellular mechanosensing behaviors (e.g., cell spreading, cell adhesion, and YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation) only on a stiff substrate, representing a novel enhancement of cell behaviors by distinct mechanical signals. To explore the mechanical mechanisms behind such enhancement phenomenon, we developed a viscosity-based motor-clutch model, with which we found that cells sense and respond to ECF viscosity and ECM stiffness by regulating integrin-ECM bonds in cell adhesion dynamics. These findings help us understand how different mechanical signals in the complex tumor microenvironment collaborate to influence cancer cell behaviors during the development of cancers.
Systematic review of distributed practice and retrieval practice in health professions education
Authors: Trumble Emma , Lodge Jason , Mandrusiak Allison , Forbes Roma 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo determine the effect of distributed practice (spacing out of study over time) and retrieval practice (recalling information from memory) on academic grades in health professions education and to summarise a range of interventional variables that may affect study outcomes. A systematic search of seven databases in November 2022 which were screened according to predefined inclusion criteria. The Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale-Education (NOS-E) were used to critically appraise eligible articles. A summary of interventional variables includes article content type, strategy type, assessment type and delay and statistical significance. Of 1818 records retrieved, 56 were eligible for inclusion and included a total of 63 experiments. Of these studies, 43 demonstrated significant benefits of distributed practice and/or retrieval practice over control and comparison groups. Included studies averaged 12.23 out of 18 on the MERSQI and averaged 4.55 out of 6 on the NOS-E. Study designs were heterogeneous with a variety of interventions, comparison groups and assessment types. Distributed practice and retrieval practice are effective at improving academic grades in health professions education. Future study quality can be improved by validating the assessment instruments, to demonstrate the reliability of outcome measures. Increasing the number of institutions included in future studies may improve the diversity of represented study participants and may enhance study quality. Future studies should consider measuring and reporting time on task which may clarify the effectiveness of distributed practice and retrieval practice. The stakes of the assessments, which may affect student motivation and therefore outcomes, should also be considered.
EEG Microstates in Mood and Anxiety Disorders: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Chivu Alina , Pascal Simona A. , Damborská Alena , Tomescu Miralena I. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo reduce the psycho-social burden increasing attention has focused on brain abnormalities in the most prevalent and highly co-occurring neuropsychiatric disorders, such as mood and anxiety. However, high inter-study variability in these patients results in inconsistent and contradictory alterations in the fast temporal dynamics of large-scale networks as measured by EEG microstates. Thus, in this meta-analysis, we aim to investigate the consistency of these changes to better understand possible common neuro-dynamical mechanisms of these disorders.In the systematic search, twelve studies investigating EEG microstate changes in participants with mood and anxiety disorders and individuals with subclinical depression were included in this meta-analysis, adding up to 787 participants.The results suggest that EEG microstates consistently discriminate mood and anxiety impairments from the general population in patients and subclinical states. Specifically, we found a small significant effect size for B microstates in patients compared to healthy controls, with larger effect sizes for increased B presence in unmedicated patients with comorbidity. In a subgroup meta-analysis of ten mood disorder studies, microstate D showed a significant effect size for decreased presence. When investigating only the two anxiety disorder studies, we found a significantly small effect size for the increased microstate A and a medium effect size for decreased microstate E (one study). However, more studies are needed to elucidate whether these findings are diagnostic-specific markers.Results are discussed in relation to the functional meaning of microstates and possible contribution to an explanatory mechanism of overlapping symptomatology of mood and anxiety disorders.
Encouraging Individual Contributions to Net-Zero Organizations: Effects of Behavioral Policy Interventions and Social Norms
Authors: Bastini Karola , Kerschreiter Rudolf , Lachmann Maik , Ziegler Matthias , Sawert Tim 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo contribute to a better understanding of the determinants of climate-friendly organizational behavior, we study the potential of behavioral policy interventions and social norms to foster individual contributions to organizational decarbonization initiatives. We investigate the effects of different types of behavioral policy interventions (default nudges vs. short-term boosts) in isolation and when they are combined with normative appeals to adopt climate-friendly behaviors in an organizational context. In a 2 × 2 between-subjects experiment, we find that default nudges generally induced higher individual contributions to organizational carbon compensation programs than short-term boosts. Moreover, injunctive social norm information decreased the effectiveness of both types of behavioral interventions but affected the effectiveness of short-term boosts to a stronger extent than the effectiveness of default nudges. Contributing to the nascent literature on motivating climate change mitigating behaviors in organizational contexts, we additionally explore whether factors such as personality traits, pro-social and pro-environmental beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors, and the degree of organizational identification exert an influence on the effectiveness of the interventions and provide qualitative insights into participants’ reasoning for their decisions.
Heterozygous FOXJ1 Mutations Cause Incomplete Ependymal Cell Differentiation and Communicating Hydrocephalus
Authors: Hou Connie C. , Li Danielle , Berry Bethany C. , Zheng Shaokuan , Carroll Rona S. , Johnson Mark D. , Yang Hong Wei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHeterozygous mutations affecting FOXJ1, a transcription factor governing multiciliated cell development, have been associated with obstructive hydrocephalus in humans. However, factors that disrupt multiciliated ependymal cell function often cause communicating hydrocephalus, raising questions about whether FOXJ1 mutations cause hydrocephalus primarily by blocking cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow or by different mechanisms. Here, we show that heterozygous FOXJ1 mutations are also associated with communicating hydrocephalus in humans and cause communicating hydrocephalus in mice. Disruption of one Foxj1 allele in mice leads to incomplete ependymal cell differentiation and communicating hydrocephalus. Mature ependymal cell number and motile cilia number are decreased, and 12% of motile cilia display abnormal axonemes. We observed decreased microtubule attachment to basal bodies, random localization and orientation of basal body patches, loss of planar cell polarity, and a disruption of unidirectional CSF flow. Thus, heterozygous FOXJ1 mutations impair ventricular multiciliated cell differentiation, thereby causing communicating hydrocephalus. CSF flow obstruction may develop secondarily in some patients harboring FOXJ1 mutations.
Graphical Abstract
Heterozygous FOXJ1 mutations impair motile cilia structure and basal body alignment, thereby disrupting CSF flow dynamics and causing communicating hydrocephalus.
Stranger Danger: The Political Debate on Crimmigrants
Authors: Heber Anita 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPoliticians are increasingly describing immigrants as dangerous and threatening criminals. The criminal immigrant, i.e., ‘crimmigrant’ has become a useful symbol, especially for the emerging radical-right parties in the Nordic countries. This article fuses crimmigration research with studies of political debates, to explore the current parliamentary debate on crimmigrants in Sweden. It looks at how, when, and why politicians link immigrants to crime, and strangers to danger. The empirical analysis identifies five narrative characters that are discussed in the Swedish political debate on immigrants and crime. The study shows that even firm stereotypes such as the crimmigrant have nuances. It highlights how and when radical-right and mainstream parties contribute to the crimmigrant stereotype, or dispute it. It shows how certain narrative characters are used in politics, and how politicians link immigrants to crime, and strangers to danger.
Influences of habitat and seasonal changes on gonadal maturation of Echinometra mathaei (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) and Tridacna squamosa (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the Red Sea, Egypt
Authors: El-Sokkary Samaa G. , El-Wakeil Khaleid F. Abd , Obuid-Allah Ahmad H. , Omer Mohsen Y. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present work is aimed at investigating the effects of seasonal changes and habitat conditions on reproductive state and gonadal development of two macrobenthic fauna. Echinometra mathaei and Tridacna squamosa were collected seasonally (summer and winter) in July 2019 and January 2020 from three sites along the Red Sea coast, Egypt: Hamraween, Sedy Malek, and Porto Ghalb. Sexual differences and gonadal maturation in the two species were determined by performing biopsies of their gonads followed by morphologic analyses. Hematoxylin and eosin–stained gonadal sections were examined and analyzed. In E. mathaei, reproductive behavior was more active in the summer than in the winter; in T. squamosa, reproductive behavior was active almost all the year, especially during the winter. The reproductive activity and gonadal maturation of both species were affected by environmental factors. The results indicated that temperature is a vital factor affecting the reproductive activity of both species. This study concluded that temperature fluctuations may pose significant challenges to coastal marine ecosystems.
Modelling fracture due to corrosion and mechanical loading in reinforced concrete
Authors: Alfaiate J. , Sluys L. J. , Costa A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCorrosion in reinforced concrete is an important feature which can lead to increased deformation and cracking, as well as to premature failure. In the present work, macro-mechanical modelling of corrosion is performed, namely the degradation of bond–slip between concrete and steel. A mixed-mode damage model is adopted, in which the interaction between the bond–slip law and the stress acting in the neighbourhood of the concrete–steel bar interface is taken into account. Bond–slip degradation is modelled using an evolutionary bond–slip relationship, which depends on the level of corrosion. Different relevant loading cases are studied. Special attention is given to the evolution of corrosion in time, under constant load. This is done by adopting a Total Iterative Approach, in which the structure is reevaluated each time step, upon damage increase due to corrosion. Pullout tests are presented to illustrate the performance of the model. Bending tests are also performed to evaluate the influence of corrosion at structural level.
Development of an LCA-based tool to assess the environmental sustainability level of cosmetics products
Authors: Rocca Roberto , Acerbi Federica , Fumagalli Luca , Taisch Marco 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The depletion of natural resources and the downgrading of the environment, driven by globalization and consumerism phenomena, are worldwide pushing the interest in sustainable manufacturing paradigm and environment preservation. It is moreover clear to academia and practitioners that the cosmetics industry needs to update its current operations to face new sustainable requirements and norms due to its ever-growing size and massive consumption of natural resources. Different methodologies, metrics, and indicators have been and are being proposed for solving the complex issues of environmental sustainability evaluation of cosmetics processes and products.

Methods
Among these approaches and methods, product-related assessment tools (e.g., life cycle assessment) are usually more focused on the environmental dimension of sustainability, and they are always based on the life cycle of the product. The core of this paper is on the development of a novel tool to classify cosmetics products based on the results of LCA: the eco-friendliness assessment tool (EFAT). The methodology of the work is structured into 5 main phases: definition of the scientific background of the work, definition of the tool requirements, tool development, testing of the tool, analysis of the results. The eco-friendliness assessment tool proposed is structured into two main parts: (i) process flow 1: environmental impact score and (ii) process flow 2: supplier environmental sustainability assessment.

Results
The tool has been tested on a cosmetics product manufactured in a cosmetics company located in Italy. The acquisition of raw material process and primary packaging process are the two most critical processes resulting from the impact analysis of LCA methodology. The application of the EFAT tool shows the two possible most sustainable improved scenarios are as follows: (i) exploiting transportation of the primary packaging by sea and (ii) adopting the European location of the primary packaging supplier. The results coming from the tool application allowed the definition of the company product eco-friendliness. The eco-friendliness is symbolized by an alphabetical letter and a color.

Conclusions
The paper proposes a practical tool to assess the environmental sustainability level of cosmetics products, with the intention to overcome two of the main literature gaps found in the state of the art: (i) absence of LCA methodology implementation in the cosmetics industry on makeup products, (ii) absence of tools that rely on the results of the LCA analysis of a cosmetic product for understanding its sustainability level of sustainability.
Thermal Analysis and Phase Equilibria of the Molten System Na3AlF6-NdF3-Nd2O3
Authors: Krishnan Dhiya , Korenko Michal , Šimko František , Kubíková Blanka , Rakhmatullin Aydar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhase diagrams of the systems Na3AlF6-NdF3 and (Na3AlF6-NdF3)eut-Nd2O3 were experimentally determined by thermal analysis up to 60 mol.% NdF3 and 45 mol.% Nd2O3, respectively. The Na3AlF6-NdF3 system was found to be a simple eutectic system with the eutectic point with the following approximate coordinates: 49 mol.% NdF3 and 905°C. This eutectic composition was then used for the thermal analysis of the (Na3AlF6-NdF3)eut-Nd2O3 system. The coordinates of the eutectic point of the (Na3AlF6-NdF3)eut-Nd2O3 system were found to be approximately 46 mol.% Nd2O3 and 733°C. After the thermal analysis, the x-ray diffraction analysis of the solidified samples of both systems was performed. The XRD analysis of the Na3AlF6-NdF3 system has shown the formation of two new compounds; NaNdF4 and NdOF. The formation of NdOF is probably the product of the high-temperature hydrolysis between the moisture in the atmosphere and NdF3. The XRD analysis of the solidified samples of the (Na3AlF6-NdF3)eut-Nd2O3 system has shown the formation of the following new compounds: NaNdF4, NdOF, NdAlO3, and NaF.
The Pandemic of Coronary Heart Disease in the Middle East and North Africa: What Clinicians Need to Know
Authors: Manla Yosef , Almahmeed Wael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurpose of ReviewCoronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and disability in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). While the prevention, diagnosis, and management of CHD have been detailed in international guidelines, we aimed in this review to quantify the pandemic of CHD in the MENA region and highlight regional patient characteristics, clinical challenges, and future directions to optimize CHD care in the region.Recent FindingsPatients with CHD in the MENA feature younger age at presentation and worse prognosis in women. Despite the high burden of CHD risk factors, many of these factors remain underrecognized, undertreated, and uncontrolled. Additionally, CHD care is hampered by poor patient awareness, inefficient preventive strategies, and limited access to guideline-recommended therapeutics.SummaryAll stakeholders involved in healthcare should work together to develop and execute strategies aimed at tackling the burden of CHD in the MENA.
Simultaneous Denoising and Heterogeneity Learning for Time Series Data
Authors: Jiang Xiwen , Shen Weining 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNoisy time series data are often collected in biomedical applications, and it remains an important task to understand the data heterogeneity. We propose an approach that combines the strength of trend filtering and distance-based clustering to simultaneously perform temporal mean denoising and subject-level clustering. We discuss an iterative algorithm that efficiently computes the cluster structure and clusterwise mean trends. Simulation studies confirm the excellent numerical performance of our method. We further consider two data application examples including an U.S. lung cancer mortality study and a suicide rate study.
Yielding and Flow in Aggregated Particulate Suspensions
Authors: Scales Peter J. , Usher Shane P. , Larsen Maria Barmar , Stickland Anthony D. , Teo Hui-En , de Kretser Ross G. , Buscall Richard 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe flow and consolidation of strongly flocculated particulate suspensions in water are common to a range of processing scenarios in the minerals, food, water and wastewater industries. Understanding the compressive strength or resistance to consolidation of these suspensions is relevant to processes such as filtration, centrifugation and gravity settling, where the compressive strength defines an upper boundary for processing. New data for the compressive strength of consolidating flocculated particulate suspensions in water, including alumina and calcium carbonate, are compared with earlier data from the literature and from our own laboratories for several systems, including two earlier sets of data for alumina. The three sets of data for the compressive strength of alumina agree well. Differences are noted for data measured in shear between our own laboratories and others. New data for the shear strength of AKP-30 alumina are also presented, and although the agreement is not as good, the difference is implied to be due to wall slip associated with a difference in measurement techniques. A simple nonlinear poro-elastic model of the compressive strength was applied to the eight sets of compressive strength data and was found to account for most features of the observed behaviour. The agreement strongly supports the mechanistic failure mode in compression for these systems to be one of simple strain hardening. The one feature that it does not account for without invoking a ‘ratchet’ is the irreversibility of consolidation. It is, however, suspected that wall adhesion might provide such a ratchet in reality, since wall adhesion has been neglected in the analysis of raw compressive strength until recently, notwithstanding the pioneering work of Michaels and Bolger (30). Overall, the data analysis and fitting presented herein indicate a new future for the characterisation of aggregated particulate suspensions in shear and compression whereby a limited data set in both compression and shear, albeit targeted across a wide concentration range, can now be used to predict comprehensive curves for the shear yield stress and compressive yield stress of samples using a simple poro-elastic model. The veracity of the approach is indicated through a knowledge that the behaviour of both parameters is scalar across a wide range of materials and across a wide range of states of aggregation.