bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1/glucagon receptor agonism associates with reduced metabolic adaptation and higher fat oxidation: A randomized trial
Authors: Corbin Karen D. , Carnero Elvis A. , Allerton Timothy D. , Tillner Joachim , Bock Christopher P. , Luyet Pierre‐Philippe , Göbel Britta , Hall Kevin D. , Parsons Stephanie A. , Ravussin Eric , Smith Steven R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study tested the hypothesis that treatment with the glucagon‐like peptide‐1/glucagon receptor agonist SAR425899 would lead to a smaller decrease in sleeping metabolic rate (SMR; kilocalories/day) than expected from the loss of lean and fat mass (metabolic adaptation).MethodsThis Phase 1b, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study was conducted at two centers in inpatient metabolic wards. Thirty‐five healthy males and females with overweight and obesity (age = 36.5 ± 7.1 years) were randomized to a calorie‐reduced diet (−1000 kcal/d) and escalating doses (0.06‐0.2 mg/d) of SAR425899 (n = 17) or placebo (n = 18) for 19 days. SMR was measured by whole‐room calorimetry.ResultsBoth groups lost weight (−3.68 ± 1.37 kg placebo; −4.83 ± 1.44 kg SAR425899). Those treated with SAR425899 lost more weight, fat mass, and fat free mass (p < 0.05) owing to a greater achieved energy deficit than planned. The SAR425899 group had a smaller reduction in body composition‐adjusted SMR (p = 0.002) as compared with placebo, but not 24‐hour energy expenditure. Fat oxidation and ketogenesis increased in both groups, with significantly greater increases with SAR425899 (p < 0.05).ConclusionsSAR425899 led to reduced selective metabolic adaptation and increased lipid oxidation, which are believed to be beneficial for weight loss and weight‐loss maintenance.
Association between classes and subclasses of polyphenol intake and 5‐year body weight changes in theEPIC‐PANACEAstudy
Authors: Castañeda Jazmin , Gil‐Lespinard Mercedes , Almanza‐Aguilera Enrique , Llaha Fjorida , Gómez Jesús‐Humberto , Bondonno Nicola , Tjønneland Anne , Overvad Kim , Katzke Verena , Schulze Matthias B. , Masala Giovanna , Agnoli Claudia , Santucci de Magistris Maria , Tumino Rosario , Sacerdote Carlotta , Skeie Guri , Brustad Magritt , Lasheras Cristina , Molina‐Montes Esther , Chirlaque María‐Dolores , Barricarte Aurelio , Sonestedt Emily , da Silva Marisa , Johansson Ingegerd , Hultdin Johan , May Anne M. , Forouhi Nita G. , Heath Alicia K. , Freisling Heinz , Weiderpass Elisabete , Scalbert Augustin , Zamora‐Ros Raul 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the associations among the intake of total polyphenols, polyphenol classes, and polyphenol subclasses and body weight change over 5 years.MethodsA total of 349,165 men and women aged 25 to 70 years were recruited in the Physical Activity, Nutrition, Alcohol, Cessation of Smoking, Eating Out of Home and Obesity (PANACEA) project of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort from nine European countries. Body weight was measured at baseline and at follow‐up after a median time of 5 years. Polyphenol intake, including four main polyphenol classes and eighteen subclasses, was estimated using validated dietary questionnaires and Phenol‐Explorer. Multilevel mixed linear regression models were used to estimate the associations.ResultsParticipants gained, on average, 2.6 kg (±5.0 kg) over 5 years. Total flavonoids intake was inversely associated with body weight change (−0.195 kg/5 years, 95% CI: −0.262 to −0.128). However, the intake of total polyphenols (0.205 kg/5 years, 95% CI: 0.138 to 0.272) and intake of hydroxycinnamic acids (0.324 kg/5 years, 95% CI: 0.267 to 0.381) were positively associated with body weight gain. In analyses stratified by coffee consumption, hydroxycinnamic acid intake was positively associated with body weight gain in coffee consumers (0.379 kg/5 years, 95% CI: 0.319 to 0.440), but not in coffee nonconsumers (−0.179 kg/5 years, 95% CI: −0.490 to 0.133).ConclusionsHigher intakes of flavonoids and their subclasses are inversely associated with a modest body weight change. Results regarding hydroxycinnamic acids in coffee consumers require further investigation.
Outcomes of Mesh Cranioplasty in Scalp‐Free Tissue Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Chang Katherine W. , Zhong Lydia M. , Lee David S. , Puram Sidharth V. , Jackson Ryan S. , Yaeger Lauren H. , Pipkorn Patrik 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review the literature to determine the prevalence and risk of the free flap and postoperative complications in scalp‐free tissue reconstruction with synthetic mesh cranioplasty.Data SourcesSearch strategies created with a medical librarian were implemented using multiple databases in May 2021.Review MethodsTwo reviewers independently performed the review, data extraction, and quality assessment. Cohort studies of patients with scalp‐free tissue reconstruction with or without mesh cranioplasty were included. Studies that did not report whether mesh was used or did not separate outcomes by mesh use were excluded. The primary outcomes were free flap failure and postoperative complications. A random‐effects model was used for the meta‐analysis to estimate prevalence and prevalence ratios (PRs).ResultsA total of 28 studies and 440 cases of scalp‐free tissue reconstruction were included. The pooled prevalence of free flap failures and postoperative complications in patients with mesh cranioplasty was estimated at 7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3%‐17%;p = .85,I2 = 0%) and 21% (95% CI, 14%‐31%;p = .44,I2 = 0%), respectively. In a subgroup analysis, mesh cranioplasty was not associated with a significantly increased risk of free flap failure or postoperative complications when compared to cases without mesh cranioplasty; pooled PR 1.21 (95% CI, 0.50‐2.88;p = .90,I2 = 0%) for free flap failure and PR 1.85 (95% CI, 0.89‐3.85;p = .28, I2 = 19) for postoperative complications.ConclusionSynthetic mesh cranioplasty does not significantly increase the risk of free flap compromise or postoperative complications. A higher prevalence of postoperative recipient site complications was observed in patients with mesh cranioplasty.
The viewer doesn't always seem to care—response to fake animal rescues on YouTube and implications for social media self‐policing policies
Authors: Harrington Lauren A. , Elwin Angie , Paterson Suzi , D'Cruze Neil 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Animal‐related content on social media is hugely popular but is not always appropriate in terms of how animals are portrayed or how they are treated. This has potential implications beyond the individual animals involved, for viewers, for wild animal populations, and for societies and their interactions with animals.

Whilst social media platforms usually publish guidelines for permitted content, enforcement relies at least in part on viewers reporting inappropriate posts. Currently, there is no external regulation of social media platforms.

Based on a set of 241 ‘fake animal rescue’ videos that exhibited clear signs of animal cruelty and strong evidence of being deliberately staged (i.e. fake), we found little evidence that viewers disliked the videos and an overall mixed response in terms of awareness of the fake nature of the videos, and their attitudes towards the welfare of the animals involved.

Our findings suggest, firstly, that, despite the narrowly defined nature of the videos used in this case study, exposure rates can be extremely high (one of the videos had been viewed over 100 million times), and, secondly, that many YouTube viewers cannot identify (or are not concerned by) animal welfare or conservation issues within a social media context.

In terms of the current policy approach of social media platforms, our findings raise questions regarding the value of their current reliance on consumers as watch dogs.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Ti(OBu)4 in combination with Sn(Oct)2: An efficient catalyst system for high molecular weight poly(butylene succinate) synthesis
Authors: Savitha K. S. , Senthil Kumar M. , Jagadish R. L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA new mild and efficient tin and titanium based catalyst combination have been explored for the synthesis of high molecular weight poly(butylene succinate). The new catalyst system is found to be more efficient and hydrolytically—as well as thermally—stable even at 250°C. Additionally, this new catalyst system is capable of producing very high molecular weight poly(butylene succinate) polymer in good yield even at lower temperatures.
Greener synthesis of lightweight, self‐standing PMMA/CoFe2O4 polymeric film for magnetic, electronic, and terahertz shielding applications
Authors: Mohamed Fathia , Ahmad Manal M. , Hameed Talaat A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis work aims to develop a multifunctional PMMA/CoFe2O4 polymeric film of low loss dielectric constant, high magnetic properties, and perceptible terahertz shielding effectiveness. Pure cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (CoFe2O4 MNPs) were prepared by a facile‐modified solution deposition method. Then, the nanoparticles were loaded to poly (methyl methacrylate) of different ratios (x = 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) to synthesize films by evaporative casting technique. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) evidenced the formation of CoFe2O4 MNPs in the cubic spinal structure. The FTIR confirmed the interaction of CoFe2O4 MNPs with PMMA chains. Compared to the pure PMMA, the PMMA/CoFe2O4 nanocomposites were more thermally stable, as evidenced by thermogravimetric analysis, (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The micrograph images by FESEM unraveled that CoFe2O4 MNPs have formed in different geometrical shapes (nanocubes, nanotubes, and nano oval). The values of the band gap energy were computed by the absorption spectra fitting (ASF) method. It varied from 4.94 to 4.68 eV, as the CoFe2O4 MNPs contents were changed from 0 to 20 wt%. Compared to host PMMA, the dielectric permittivity was enhanced, while the dielectric loss was slightly decreased. Therefore, the prepared film can be employed as a passive component in electronic circuits, namely capacitors and supercapacitors. The shielding effectiveness (SE) was found to be improved with frequency and CoFe2O4 content, reflecting the applicability of PMMA/CoFe2O4 MNPs films in terahertz shielding. The magnetic parameters were investigated by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and were found to increase with CoFe2O4 content, which could be used as a flexible film in magnetic applications.
Polymyxin B/chlorine e6 conjugated hyaluronate dot particles for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
Authors: Kim Yoonyoung , Oh Kyung Taek , Youn Yu Seok , Lee Eun Seong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this study, we report ultrafine‐sized antibiotic dot particles targeting gram‐negative bacteria. The water‐soluble ultrafine‐sized hyaluronate dot (dHA) was conjugated with polymyxin B (PMB, as a target material for lipopolysaccharide on a gram‐negative bacteria) and chlorine e6 (Ce6, as a model photosensitizer), and it was denoted as dHA‐(PMB/Ce6). These dot particles interacted with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on gram‐negative bacteria, which enabled PMB‐mediated docking to the outer membrane of gram‐negative cells. In the antimicrobial experiments using Escherichia coli cells, the phototoxic singlet oxygen generated from the dHA‐(PMB/Ce6) under light irradiation inhibited E. coli cell growth. This demonstrated that dHA‐(PMB/Ce6) can provide light‐activated selective phototoxicity against gram‐negative bacteria. We expect that the dot particle system can be used as an efficient method for improved antimicrobial treatment.
The adhesive energies between Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) and Polyvinylpyrrolidone for organic electronic devices: Hybrid‐exchange density‐functional‐theory studies
Authors: Du Xiaoyu , Wu Wei , Choy Kwang‐Leong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStudying the building blocks for organic electronics—molecules—is important for achieving a great performance for organic electronic devices. Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and povidone (PVP) are common molecules chosen for the semiconducting and dielectric layers of organic electronic devices, respectively. Here, we have applied the hybrid‐exchange density‐functional theory, taking into account empirical dispersion forces and basis set superposition errors, to study the adhesive energies and optimal geometries when integrating the two types of molecules. To ease the analysis of the molecular structures, we have simplified the polymer chain structure to the monomer, dimer and trimer for the P3HT and PVP. By using B3LYP and BLYP functionals in combination with dispersion forces, we have found that the optimal inter‐molecular vertical distances between P3HT and PVP are approximately 3.6, 6 and 5 Å for monomer, dimer and trimer, respectively, with the lowest adsorption energy of ~−0.35, −0.15 and −0.45 eV. However, the sliding effect for the molecular combination is relatively small. These computational results can be potentially compared with the relevant experiments on the molecular crystal structure. The molecular orbitals of the P3HT and PVP molecules show that the charge density is mainly on the five‐member rings rather than the polymer chains, which further supports our finite‐chain approximation. Our calculations, especially the potential curves, could be useful for the optimal design of molecular structures for organic electronic devices.
Surgical ligation, not transcatheter closure, associated with a higher severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely preterm infant intervened for patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: Wei Yu‐Jen , Ju Ying‐Tzu , Hsieh Min‐Ling , Kan Chung‐Dann , Lin Yung‐Chieh , Wang Jieh‐Neng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivePatent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common complication among premature infants, which may be responsible for prematurity‐related complications such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). It is unclear whether different interventional methods contribute to the severity of BPD, given the original National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) 2001 definition. To date, surgical ligation and the transcatheter approach have been equally successful in premature infants with hemodynamically significant PDA after medical treatment failure. Immediate improvement in the respiratory condition has been reported after transcatheter closure. However, the short‐term pulmonary outcome has not been clarified yet.MethodsThis retrospective study investigated infants born with a body weight <1000 g and who underwent either surgical ligation or transcatheter closure of PDA in a single tertiary institution. The infants were divided into groups according to the type of procedure (surgical ligation or transcatheter occlusion). The primary outcome was the severity of BPD at discharge or at a postmenstrual age of 36 weeks. The outcome was analyzed with logistic regression.ResultsForty‐four patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 14 underwent transcatheter occlusion and 30 underwent surgical ligation. The overall birth body weights and gestational age ranges were not different. The univariate model revealed an association between the procedure type and BPD severity. After adjusting for confounders, the multivariate model confirmed associations between BPD severity and procedure type and severe respiratory distress syndrome requiring surfactant.ConclusionCompared with the transcatheter approach, surgery for PDA in extremely preterm infants is associated with severe BPD at discharge. Further large‐scale studies are needed to determine the exact mechanism.
Effect of lockdowns on the epidemiology of pediatric respiratory disease—A retrospective analysis of the 2021 summer epidemic
Authors: Kruizinga Matthijs D. , Noordzij Jeroen G. , van Houten Marlies A. , Wieringa Jantien , Tramper‐Stranders Gerdien A. , Hira Vishal , Bekhof Jolita , Vet Nienke J. , Driessen Gertjan J. A. , van Veen Mirjam 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe imposition of lockdowns during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 pandemic led to a significant decrease in pediatric care utilization in 2020. After restrictions were loosened, a surge in pediatric respiratory disease was observed in pediatric wards. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of the lockdown(s) on the incidence of pediatric respiratory disease.MethodsFor this multicenter retrospective study, emergency department (ED) visit and admission data between January 2017 and September 2021 was collected from eight general hospitals in the Netherlands. Clinical diagnoses were extracted and categorized in groups (“communicable infectious disease,” “all respiratory infections,” “upper respiratory tract infection,” “lower respiratory tract infection,” and “asthma/preschool wheezing”). The incidence of admissions and ED visits during 2020 and 2021 was compared to the incidence in 2017–2019.ResultsSuccessive lockdowns resulted in a maximum decrease of 61% and 57% in ED visits and admissions, respectively. After loosening restrictions during the summer of 2021, a 48% overall increase in ED visits and 31% overall increase in admission numbers was observed in July compared to the average July in 2017–2019. This was explained by a 381% increase in ED visits and a 528% increase in ward admissions due to overall respiratory infections, mainly due to lower respiratory tract infections.ConclusionsSuccessive lockdowns in the spring and winter of 2020 and 2021 led to a decreased incidence of communicable infections, especially respiratory tract infections. The resulting lack of pediatric immunity resulted in an off‐season surge in care utilization at an unexpected moment.
Exclusion of Mediterranean ant species enhances biological control of the invasive mealybug Delottococcus aberiae in citrus
Authors: Plata Ángel , Gómez‐Martínez María A. , Beitia Francisco J. , Tena Alejandro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDDelottococcus aberiae is an invasive mealybug that produces severe damage in Spanish citrus. This mealybug has established a mutualistic relationship with native Mediterranean ant species that may limit biological control of this pest. Herein, we evaluated the effect of tending ants on the biological control of D. aberiae. To do this, we compared: (i) the density of D. aberiae, (ii) the density of its natural enemies, and (iii) the damage produced by the mealybug in trees with (control) and without ants (ants excluded with sticky barriers) in two citrus orchards across two consecutive years.RESULTSLasius grandis was the most abundant ant species in both orchards and represented more than 95% of the ants tending D. aberiae in control trees. Spiders and lacewings were the most abundant predators observed in mealybug colonies, and the exclusion of mutualistic ants increased their abundance. Moreover, in control trees, ant activity throughout the year was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of predators (number of predators per mealybug). No parasitoids were recovered during field experiments. Ant exclusion reduced the density of D. aberiae and the ratio of damaged fruit at harvest across years and orchards.CONCLUSIONSThis work corroborates the previous finding that D. aberiae benefits from its mutualistic relationship with L. grandis, probably because the presence of ants reduced the abundance of generalist predators. This mutualism can be disrupted using physical barriers on on the trunk. Further research should assess other methods of ant control that are more economic and feasible for citrus producers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The battle for trans rights: Political spectacle theory and its implications for education policy
Authors: Castillo Sherri 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the United States, an increasing political divide and an emphasis on culture war issues have increased legislation and policy targeting transgender and non‐binary students in public education systems. Transgender and non‐binary identities are weaponized by conservative politicians who seek to influence policies in schools. Local, state, and federal protections are the solution to end discriminatory policies and the weaponization of transgender and non‐binary identities for political gain.
Nanostructured MoS2 with Interlayer Controllably Regulated by Ionic Liquids/Cellulose for High‐Capacity and Durable Sodium Storage Properties
Authors: Tao Wenjie , Chen Jianqiang , Xu Chengjie , Liu Shuai , Fakudze Sandile , Wang Jie , Wang Chen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLow intrinsic conductivity and structural instability of MoS2 as an anode of sodium‐ion batteries limit the liberation of its theoretical capacity. Herein, density functional theory simulations for the first time optimize MoS2 interlayer distance between 0.80 and 1.01 nm for sodium storage. 1‐Butyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium acetate ([BMIm]Ac) induces cellulose oligomers to intercalate MoS2 interlayers for achieving controllable distance by changing the mass ratio of cellulose to [BMIm]Ac. Based on these findings, porous carbon loading the interlayer‐expanded MoS2 allowing Na+ to insert with fast kinetics is synthesized. A carbon layer derived from [BMIm]Ac and cellulose coating the composite prevents the MoS2 from contacting electrolytes, leading to less sulfur loss for a more reversible specific capacity. Meanwhile, MoS2 and carbon have a strong interfacial connection through MoN binding, contributing to enhanced structural stability. As expected, while cycling 250 times at 0.1 A g‐1, the MoS2‐porous carbon composite displays an optimal reversible capacity at 517.79 mAh g‐1 as a sodium‐ion batteries anode. The cyclic test of 1.0 A g‐1 also shows considerable stability (310.74 mAh g‐1 after 1000 cycles with 86.26% retentive capacity). This study will open up new possibilities of modifying MoS2 that serves as an applicable material as sodium‐ion battery anode.
Stable and Ordered Body‐Centered Cubic PdCu Phase for Highly Selective Hydrogenation
Authors: Li Peicai , Liu Xia , Guo Mingrui , Pi Yecan , Wang Ning , Bai Shuxing , Xu Yong , Sun Qi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPhase engineering of nanomaterials plays a crucial role for regulating the catalytic performance. Nevertheless, great challenges still remain for elucidating the structure–selectivity correlation. Herein, this study demonstrates that the body‐centered cubic phase of PdCu (bcc‐PdCu) can serve as a highly active and selective catalyst for 3‐nitrostyrene (NS) hydrogenation under mild conditions. In particular, bcc‐PdCu displays a 3‐nitro‐ethylbenzene (NE) selectivity of 93.8% with a turnover frequency (TOF) value of 4573 h−1 at 30 °C in the presence of H2. With the assistance of NH3∙BH3, the selectivity of 3‐amino‐styrene (AS) reaches 94.5% with a TOF value of 13 719 h−1. Detailed experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that improved NE selectivity is ascribed to the selective adsorption of the CC bond and desorption of NE on bcc‐PdCu. Moreover, the presence of NH3∙BH3 facilitates the selective hydrogenation of NO2 due to their strong interaction and thus leads to the formation of AS. This work provides an efficient selective catalyst for NS hydrogenation under mild conditions, which may attract immediate interests in the fields of materials, chemistry, and catalysis.