bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin K1 Intake and Incident Diabetes in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study
Authors: Pokharel Pratik , Bellinge Jamie W , Dalgaard Frederik , Murray Kevin , Sim Marc , Yeap Bu B , Connolly Emma , Blekkenhorst Lauren C , Bondonno Catherine P , Lewis Joshua R , Gislason Gunnar , Tjønneland Anne , Overvad Kim , Hodgson Jonathan M , Schultz Carl , Bondonno Nicola P 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Context
Observational studies have reported lower risks of type 2 diabetes with higher vitamin K1 intake, but these studies overlook effect modification due to known diabetes risk factors.

Objective
To identify subgroups that might benefit from vitamin K1 intake, we examined associations between vitamin K1 intake and incident diabetes overall and in subpopulations at risk of diabetes.

Methods
Participants from the prospective cohort, the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study, with no history of diabetes were followed up for diabetes incidence. The association between intake of vitamin K1, estimated from a food frequency questionnaire completed at baseline, and incident diabetes was determined using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional-hazards models.

Results
In 54 787 Danish residents with a median (interquartile range) age of 56 (52-60) years at baseline, 6700 individuals were diagnosed with diabetes during 20.8 (17.3-21.6) years of follow-up. Vitamin K1 intake was inversely and linearly associated with incident diabetes (P &lt; .0001). Compared to participants with the lowest vitamin K1 intake (median:57 µg/d), participants with the highest intakes (median:191 µg/d) had a 31% lower risk of diabetes (HR; 95% CI, 0.69; 0.64-0.74) after multivariable adjustments. The inverse association between vitamin K1 intake and incident diabetes was present in all subgroups (namely, men and women, ever and never smokers, low and high physical activity groups, and in participants who were normal to overweight and obese), with differences in absolute risk between subgroups.

Conclusion
Higher intake of foods rich in vitamin K1 was associated with a lower risk of diabetes. If the associations observed are causal, our results indicate that more cases of diabetes would be prevented in subgroups at higher risk (men, smokers, participants with obesity, and those with low physical activity).
The Association of Guideline-Directed Prophylaxis with Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Pediatric Patients: A Single-Center, Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Andrew Benjamin Y. , Habib Ashraf S. , Taicher Brad M. 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:
Guidelines for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) prophylaxis in pediatric patients recommend escalation of the number of antiemetics based on a preoperative estimate of PONV risk. These recommendations have been translated into performance metrics, most notably by the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group (MPOG), used at over 25 children’s hospitals. The impact of this approach on clinical outcomes is not known.

METHODS:
We performed a single-center, retrospective study of pediatric general anesthetic cases from 2018 to 2021. PONV risk factors were defined using MPOG definitions: age ≥3 years, volatile use ≥30 minutes, PONV history, long-acting opioids, female ≥12 years, and high-risk procedure. Adequate prophylaxis was defined using the MPOG PONV-04 metric: 1 agent for 1 risk factor, 2 agents for 2 risk factors, and 3 agents for 3+ risk factors. PONV was defined as documented postoperative nausea/emesis or administration of a rescue antiemetic. Given the nonrandomized allocation of adequate prophylaxis, we used Bayesian binomial models with propensity score weighting.

RESULTS:
A total of 14,747 cases were included, with PONV in 11% (9% adequate prophylaxis versus 12% inadequate). Overall, there was evidence for reduced incidence of PONV with adequate prophylaxis: weighted median odds ratio 0.82 (95% credible interval, 0.66–1.02; probability of benefit, 0.97) and weighted marginal absolute risk reduction 1.3% (−0.1% to 3.1%). In unweighted estimates, there was an interaction between sum of risk factors and the association of adequate prophylaxis with PONV, with reduced incidence in patients with 1 to 2 risk factors (probability of benefit 0.96 and 0.95) but increased incidence in patients with 3+ risk factors receiving adequate prophylaxis (probability of benefit 0, 0.01, and 0.03 for 3, 4, and 5 risk factors). This was attenuated by weighting, with persistent benefit in 1 to 2 risk factors (probability of benefit 0.90 and 0.94) but equalization of risk in 3+ risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS:
Guideline-directed PONV prophylaxis is inconsistently associated with incidence of PONV across the guideline-defined risk spectrum. This phenomenon, and its attenuation with weighting, is consistent with 2 points: dichotomous risk-factor summation ignores differential effects of individual components, and prognostic information might exist beyond these risk factors. PONV risk at a given sum of risk factors is not homogeneous, but rather is determined by the unique composition of risk factors and other prognostic attributes. These differences appear to have been identified by clinicians, prompting use of more antiemetics. Even after accounting for these differences, however, addition of a third agent did not further reduce risk.
Colson Whitehead's Paranoid Styles
Authors: Lem-Smith Timothy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article makes the case for a rejuvenated and multifaceted mode of paranoid reading. Eve Sedgwick famously used the term paranoid reading to signal critique's overblown, cynical, and alarmist tendencies and to provisionally create the space for a reparative alternative. Since then, the specific concept of paranoia has barely figured in the dispute over critique's usefulness, appearing only latently in, for example, Bruno Latour's “Why Has Critique Run Out of Steam?” when he evokes conspiracy theory as a symptom of the mainstream's oversaturation by the precepts of theory. It was thus that paranoia became once again the domain of political ideologues and their fervent supporters rather than a viable mode of literary critical engagement. Against recent postcritical dismissals of critique and other suspicious hermeneutics, the article argues that paranoia offers one of the most generative sites of potential collaboration between criticism and the novel. Circumscribing this potential, the article discovers three distinct but imbricated paranoid styles in Colson Whitehead's first novel, The Intuitionist: the racialized paranoid imperative, paranoid double consciousness, and what I tentatively call aleatory paranoia. These styles characterize a radical form of racialized paranoid thought whose diverse precepts constellate into a genuine mode of critique, not only of the structures of white supremacy but of the forms of fatalistic racial capitalist ideology that enable their persistence. The article thus serves to exemplify the expanded horizon of critical possibility enabled by a mode of reading that takes the novel as a site of the production of new ways of knowing.
Notes on the Novella
Authors: Frank Morgan Day 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLonger than a short story but shorter than a novel, the novella appears to occupy a clear formal niche. However, novellas have posed problems for even the most basic taxonomies of literary criticism and publishing. Though the novella is defined by its length, length alone has never been sufficient to determine whether a text counts as a novella. Though the novella is a global form, shared among many national literary cultures, its transnational history is muddled by terminological inconsistency. This article sets out to understand the novella as a slippery form, one that slides through the institutional machinery that administers literary production. It centers its investigation on the United States during a period in global cultural history when the literary field was slowly coming into existence. In this environment, a group of long short stories or short novels—Nathaniel Hawthorne's “The Scarlet Letter,” Herman Melville's “Benito Cereno,” and Frederick Douglass's The Heroic Slave—revealed the incoherence of “literature” as it gradually assumed its modern form.
Effect of Statin on Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes of Intracranial Aneurysms Treated With Pipeline Embolization: A Propensity Score–Matched Analysis
Authors: Salih Mira , Young Michael , Filo Jean , Shutran Max , Taussky Philipp , Ogilvy Christopher S. 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Studies have shown that use of statin can improve radiographic and clinical outcomes in patients receiving treatment for coronary artery or peripheral vascular stenosis. Statins are thought to be effective by reducing arterial wall inflammation. The same mechanism may have an influence on the efficacy of pipeline embolization device (PED) for intracranial aneurysm treatment. Although this question has been of interest, there is a lack of well-controlled data in the literature. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of statins on outcomes of aneurysms treated with pipeline embolization through propensity score matching.

METHODS:
Patients who underwent PED for unruptured intracranial aneurysms at our institution between 2013 and 2020 were identified. Patients on statin treatment vs those who were not were matched through propensity score by controlling for confounding factors including age, sex, current smoking status, diabetes, aneurysm morphology, volume, neck size, location of aneurysm, history of treatment for the same aneurysm, type of antiplatelet therapy, and elapsed time at last follow-up. Occlusion status at first follow up and last follow-up, and incidence of in-stent stenosis and ischemic complications during the follow-up period were extracted for comparison.

RESULTS:
In total, 492 patients with PED were identified, of whom 146 were on statin therapy and 346 were not. After one-to-one nearest neighbor matching, 49 cases in each group were compared. At last follow-up, 79.6%, 10.2%, and 10.2% of cases in the statin therapy group and 67.4%, 16.3%, and 16.3% in the nonstatin group were noted to have Raymond–Roy 1, 2, and 3 occlusions, respectively (P = .45). No significant difference was observed in immediate procedural thrombosis (P > .99), long-term in-stent stenosis (P > .99), ischemic stroke (P = .62), or retreatment (P = .49).

CONCLUSION:
Statin use does not affect occlusion rate or clinical outcomes in patients treated with PED treatment for unruptured intracranial aneurysms.
Prevalence and Predictors of Inappropriate Antithrombotic Prescription in Patients Presenting With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Blitz Sarah E. , Mashouf Leila A. , Nieves Amber , Matos Jason , Yaffe Michael , Davis Roger B. , Alterman Ron L. , Stippler Martina 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
A growing proportion of the US population is on antithrombotic therapy (AT), most significantly within the older subpopulation. Decision to use AT is a balance between the intended benefits and known bleeding risk, especially after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Preinjury inappropriate AT offers no benefit for the patient and also increases the risk of intracranial hemorrhage and worse outcome in the setting of TBI. Our objective was to examine the prevalence and predictors of inappropriate AT among patients presenting with TBI to a Level-1 Trauma Center.

METHODS:
A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients with TBI and preinjury AT who presented to our institution between January 2016 and September 2020. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Appropriateness of AT was determined through established clinical guidelines. Clinical predictors were determined by logistic regression.

RESULTS:
Of 141 included patients, 41.8% were female (n = 59) and the average age (mean ± SD) was 80.6 ± 9.9. The prescribed antithrombotic agents included aspirin (25.5%, n = 36), clopidogrel (22.7%, n = 32), warfarin (46.8%, n = 66), dabigatran (2.1%, n = 3), rivaroxaban (Janssen) (10.6%, n = 15), and apixaban (Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.) (18.4%, n = 26). The indications for AT were atrial fibrillation (66.7%, n = 94), venous thromboembolism (13.4%, n = 19), cardiac stent (8.5%, n = 12), and myocardial infarction/residual coronary disease (11.3%, n = 16). Inappropriate antithrombotic therapy use varied significantly by antithrombotic indication (P < .001) with the highest rates seen with venous thromboembolism. Predictive factors also include age (P = .005) with higher rates younger than 65 years and older than 85 years and female sex (P = .049). Race and antithrombotic agent were not significant predictors.

CONCLUSION:
Overall, 1 in 10 patients presenting with TBI were found to be on inappropriate AT. Our study is the first to describe this problem and warrants investigation into possible workflow interventions to prevent post-TBI continuation of inappropriate AT.
Accelerated Amidation of a Glycine Propargyl Ester on a Polymer and the Two-Way Use of One-Pot Double Postpolymerization Modification with Click Chemistry
Authors: Tanaka Tomonari , Iwamoto Shoichiro , Aso Yuji 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The glycine propargyl (GP) ester moiety, as a newly activated ester, is a candidate for amidation in modification reactions and can be combined with click chemistry. Here, the amidation of GP esters on a polymer side chain was investigated using various amino-group-containing compounds. The amidation on the GP ester proceeded well when n-alkyl, cycloalkyl, and aromatic-group-containing primary amines were used without a catalyst under neutral conditions. Hydrophilic amines containing hydroxy and carboxy groups provided no amidation products. The amidation on the polymer was accelerated by the neighboring group effect on the polymer side chain. One-pot double postpolymerization modification was achieved using a GP ester-bearing polymer by combining amidation with the Huisgen cycloaddition.
Serum angiopoietin 1 level in patients with severe COVID-19: An observational study
Authors: Turki Muhammed , A. Kasim Ali 
Published: May 2023

Background: Exocytosis of the endothelial storage granules, Weibel-Palade bodies, upon severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) invasion with the consequent release of P-selectin and Von Willebrand factor, as well as several chemokines, results in hypercoagulability. Angiopoietin-2 is a chemokine stored in Weibel-Palade bodies; it is a context-dependent competitive antagonist of angiopoietin-1. Disruption of the angiopoietin/Tie2 pathway contributes to vascular dyshomeostasis in sepsis. This study aimed to investigate serum levels of angiopoietin-1 in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: A total of 85 participants were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups: the first group included 45 patients with severe COVID-19, and the second group included 40 healthy individuals of comparable age and sex to serve as the control group. ELISA was used to measure serum angiopoietin-1 levels. Results: Serum angiopoietin-1 levels were significantly lower in patients with severe COVID-19 than in control subjects (14.52 (5.56) ng/ml and 30.56 (17.56) ng/ml, respectively; p < 0.001). Moreover, at a cut-off value ≤21.05 ng/ml, serum angiopoietin-1 level had 97.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity in differentiating between severe COVID-19 patients and non-infected individuals (p-value <0.001). Conclusions: Serum angiopoietin-1 levels were lower in patients with severe COVID-19 than in control subjects, and it has potential to be used as a diagnostic marker for patients with severe COVID-19.
Community engagement for the Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) program: an analysis of key stakeholder roles to promote a sustainable program in Zambia
Authors: Zulu Joseph M. , Mwamba Trevor , Rosen Alyssa , Matenga Tulani Francis L. , Mulawa Joseph Mulanda , Kaimba Mutale , Chilembo Masitano , Silondwa Madaliso , Kamboyi Royd L. , Simwanza Sylvia Chila , Sichone George , Chavula Malizgani Paul 
Published: May 2023

Background: Within the Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) programme, community engagement has been central in facilitating the acceptance of VMMC, especially in non-circumcising communities. We used the case of the development of community engagement plans for sustainability of VMMC in Zambia to illustrate diversity of stakeholders, their power, roles, and strategies in community engagement. Methods: Data were collected using document review, in-depth interviews (n=35) and focus group discussions (n=35) with community stakeholders, health workers, health centre committees, counsellors, teachers, community volunteers and parents/caregivers. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The analysis was guided by the power and interest model. Results: Differences were noted between the rural and urban sites in terms of power/influence and interest rating of community stakeholders who could be involved in the sustainability phase of the VMMC response in Zambia. For example, in the urban setting, neighbourhood health committees (NHCs), health workers, leaders of clubs, community health workers (CHWs), radio, television and social media platforms were ranked highest. From this list, social media and television platforms were not highly ranked in rural areas. Some stakeholders had more sources of power than others. Forms or sources of power included technical expertise, local authority, financial resources, collective action (action through schools, churches, media platforms, other community spaces), and relational power. Key roles and strategies included strengthening and broadening local coordination systems, enhancing community involvement, promoting community-led monitoring and evaluation, through the use of locally recognised communication spaces and channels, facilitating ownership of VMMC, and improving local accountability processes in VMMC activities. Conclusions: By consulting with the most relevant stakeholders, and considering community needs in programme development, the VMMC programme may be able to leverage the community structures and systems to reduce long term demand generation costs for VMMC and increase the acceptability and frequency of male circumcision.
Recovery of metagenomic data from the Aedes aegypti microbiome using a reproducible snakemake pipeline: MINUUR
Authors: Foo Aidan , Cerdeira Louise , Hughes Grant L. , Heinz Eva 
Published: May 2023

Background: Ongoing research of the mosquito microbiome aims to uncover novel strategies to reduce pathogen transmission. Sequencing costs, especially for metagenomics, are however still significant. A resource that is increasingly used to gain insights into host-associated microbiomes is the large amount of publicly available genomic data based on whole organisms like mosquitoes, which includes sequencing reads of the host-associated microbes and provides the opportunity to gain additional value from these initially host-focused sequencing projects. Methods: To analyse non-host reads from existing genomic data, we developed a snakemake workflow called MINUUR (Microbial INsights Using Unmapped Reads). Within MINUUR, reads derived from the host-associated microbiome were extracted and characterised using taxonomic classifications and metagenome assembly followed by binning and quality assessment. We applied this pipeline to five publicly available Aedes aegypti genomic datasets, consisting of 62 samples with a broad range of sequencing depths. Results: We demonstrate that MINUUR recovers previously identified phyla and genera and is able to extract bacterial metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) associated to the microbiome. Of these MAGS, 42 are high-quality representatives with >90% completeness and <5% contamination. These MAGs improve the genomic representation of the mosquito microbiome and can be used to facilitate genomic investigation of key genes of interest. Furthermore, we show that samples with a high number of KRAKEN2 assigned reads produce more MAGs. Conclusions: Our metagenomics workflow, MINUUR, was applied to a range of Aedes aegypti genomic samples to characterise microbiome-associated reads. We confirm the presence of key mosquito-associated symbionts that have previously been identified in other studies and recovered high-quality bacterial MAGs. In addition, MINUUR and its associated documentation are freely available on GitHub and provide researchers with a convenient workflow to investigate microbiome data included in the sequencing data for any applicable host genome of interest.
Immunocompetent hamsters as a model for orthobunyavirus-induced neuroinvasion and neuropathology
Authors: Groseth Allison , Gardner Don , Meade-White Kimberly , Amler Susanne , Ebihara Hideki 
Published: May 2023

Background
Bunyavirus infections, including those caused by Bunyamwera serogroup orthobunyaviruses, represent a significant and yet likely still vastly underappreciated cause of mild to moderate human febrile infections. In severe cases, these infections can also cause neurological disease, particularly meningitis and encephalitis, and infection can even be fatal. However, with a few exceptions, information regarding the mechanisms underlying the neuroinvasion and neuropathogenesis of such infections is limited. This is due in part to a lack of animal models to facilitate such studies.

Methodology/Principal findings
In an effort to develop an immunocompetent model of infection with Bunyamwera serogroup orthobunyaviruses, we infected 4-6-week-old female hamsters via either the intraperitoneal or subcutaneous route with 106 pfu/animal of Bunyamwera virus (BUNV), Batai virus or Ngari virus. Only BUNV infection resulted in clinical disease, which was characterized by weight loss, lethargy and neurological signs (i.e. tremor of the head or limbs, loss of righting reflex, “waltzing”). While symptoms were of similar severity for both routes, they occurred more frequently following subcutaneous inoculation. Consistent with these clinical signs, both antigen staining and histopathological abnormalities were found extensively throughout the brain.

Conclusions/Significance
The reported hamster model of BUNV infection provides a new tool for studying orthobunyavirus infection, and particularly neuroinvasion and the development of neuropathology. This model is particularly significant because it makes use of immunologically competent animals and relies on a subcutaneous inoculation route that more closely mimics the natural infection route for arboviruses, thereby providing a more authentic cellular and immunological context at the initial site of infection.