bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent reduced abyssal overturning and ventilation in the Australian Antarctic Basin
Authors: Gunn Kathryn L. , Rintoul Stephen R. , England Matthew H. , Bowen Melissa M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDense water formed near Antarctica, known as Antarctic bottom water (AABW), drives deep ocean circulation and supplies oxygen to the abyssal ocean. Observations show that AABW has freshened and contracted since the 1960s, yet the drivers of these changes and their impact remain uncertain. Here, using observations from the Australian Antarctic Basin, we show that AABW transport reduced by 4.0 Sv between 1994 and 2009, during a period of strong freshening on the continental shelf. An increase in shelf water salinity between 2009 and 2018, previously linked to transient climate variability, drove a partial recovery (2.2 Sv) of AABW transport. Over the full period (1994 to 2017), the net slowdown of −0.8 ± 0.5 Sv decade−1 thinned well-oxygenated layers, driving deoxygenation of −3 ± 2 μmol kg−1 decade−1. These findings demonstrate that freshening of Antarctic shelf waters weakens the lower limb of the abyssal overturning circulation and reduces deep ocean oxygen content.
Gene expression in African Americans, Puerto Ricans and Mexican Americans reveals ancestry-specific patterns of genetic architecture
Authors: Kachuri Linda , Mak Angel C. Y. , Hu Donglei , Eng Celeste , Huntsman Scott , Elhawary Jennifer R. , Gupta Namrata , Gabriel Stacey , Xiao Shujie , Keys Kevin L. , Oni-Orisan Akinyemi , Rodríguez-Santana José R. , LeNoir Michael A. , Borrell Luisa N. , Zaitlen Noah A. , Williams L. Keoki , Gignoux Christopher R. , Burchard Esteban González , Ziv Elad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe explored ancestry-related differences in the genetic architecture of whole-blood gene expression using whole-genome and RNA sequencing data from 2,733 African Americans, Puerto Ricans and Mexican Americans. We found that heritability of gene expression significantly increased with greater proportions of African genetic ancestry and decreased with higher proportions of Indigenous American ancestry, reflecting the relationship between heterozygosity and genetic variance. Among heritable protein-coding genes, the prevalence of ancestry-specific expression quantitative trait loci (anc-eQTLs) was 30% in African ancestry and 8% for Indigenous American ancestry segments. Most anc-eQTLs (89%) were driven by population differences in allele frequency. Transcriptome-wide association analyses of multi-ancestry summary statistics for 28 traits identified 79% more gene–trait associations using transcriptome prediction models trained in our admixed population than models trained using data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project. Our study highlights the importance of measuring gene expression across large and ancestrally diverse populations for enabling new discoveries and reducing disparities.
Targeting fibrotic signaling pathways by EGCG as a therapeutic strategy for uterine fibroids
Authors: Islam Md Soriful , Parish Maclaine , Brennan Joshua T. , Winer Briana L. , Segars James H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFibrosis is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, which is a key feature of uterine fibroids. Our prior research supports the tenet that inhibition of fibrotic processes may restrict fibroid growth. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea compound with powerful antioxidant properties, is an investigational drug for uterine fibroids. An early phase clinical trial showed that EGCG was effective in reducing fibroid size and its associated symptoms; however, its mechanism of action(s) has not been completely elucidated. Here, we probed effects of EGCG on key signaling pathways involved in fibroid cell fibrosis. Viability of myometrial and fibroid cells was not greatly affected by EGCG treatment (1–200 µM). Cyclin D1, a protein involved in cell cycle progression, was increased in fibroid cells and was significantly reduced by EGCG. EGCG treatment significantly reduced mRNA or protein levels of key fibrotic proteins, including fibronectin (FN1), collagen (COL1A1), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and actin alpha 2, smooth muscle (ACTA2) in fibroid cells, suggesting antifibrotic effects. EGCG treatment altered the activation of YAP, β-catenin, JNK and AKT, but not Smad 2/3 signaling pathways involved in mediating fibrotic process. Finally, we conducted a comparative study to evaluate the ability of EGCG to regulate fibrosis with synthetic inhibitors. We observed that EGCG displayed greater efficacy than ICG-001 (β-catenin), SP600125 (JNK) and MK-2206 (AKT) inhibitors, and its effects were equivalent to verteporfin (YAP) or SB525334 (Smad) for regulating expression of key fibrotic mediators. These data indicate that EGCG exhibits anti-fibrotic effects in fibroid cells. These results provide insight into mechanisms behind the observed clinical efficacy of EGCG against uterine fibroids.
Structural assessment of the full-length wild-type tumor suppressor protein p53 by mass spectrometry-guided computational modeling
Authors: Di Ianni Alessio , Tüting Christian , Kipping Marc , Ihling Christian H. , Köppen Janett , Iacobucci Claudio , Arlt Christian , Kastritis Panagiotis L. , Sinz Andrea 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe tetrameric tumor suppressor p53 represents a great challenge for 3D-structural analysis due to its high degree of intrinsic disorder (ca. 40%). We aim to shed light on the structural and functional roles of p53’s C-terminal region in full-length, wild-type human p53 tetramer and their importance for DNA binding. For this, we employed complementary techniques of structural mass spectrometry (MS) in an integrated approach with computational modeling. Our results show no major conformational differences in p53 between DNA-bound and DNA-free states, but reveal a substantial compaction of p53’s C-terminal region. This supports the proposed mechanism of unspecific DNA binding to the C-terminal region of p53 prior to transcription initiation by specific DNA binding to the core domain of p53. The synergies between complementary structural MS techniques and computational modeling as pursued in our integrative approach is envisioned to serve as general strategy for studying intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and intrinsically disordered region (IDRs).
Air quality characteristics during 2016–2020 in Wuhan, China
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Liu Hongtao , Alatalo Juha M. , Jiang Bo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractImplementation of a clean air policy in China has high national importance. Here, we analyzed tempo-spatial characteristics of the concentrations of PM2.5 (PM2.5_C), PM10 (PM10_C), SO2 (SO2 _C), NO2 (NO2 _C), CO (CO _C), and maximum 8-h average O3 (O3_8h_C), monitored at 22 stations throughout the mega-city of Wuhan from January 2016 to December 2020, and their correlations with the meteorological and socio-economic factors. PM2.5_C, PM10_C, SO2 _C, NO2 _C, and CO _C showed similar monthly and seasonal trends, with minimum value in summer and maximum value in winter. However, O3_8h_C showed an opposite monthly and seasonal change pattern. In 2020, compared to the other years, the annual average PM2.5_C, PM10_C, SO2 _C, NO2 _C, and CO _C were lower. PM2.5_C and PM10_C were higher in urban and industrial sites and lower in the control site. The SO2_C was higher in industrial sites. The NO2_C was lower, and O3_8h_C was higher in suburban sites, while CO showed no spatial differences in their concentrations. PM2.5 _C, PM10 _C, SO2 _C, NO2 _C, and CO _C had positive correlations with each other, while O3_8h_C showed more complex correlations with the other pollutants. PM2.5_C, PM10_C, SO2 _C, and CO _C presented a significantly negative association with temperature and precipitation, while O3 was significantly positively associated with temperature and negatively associated with relative air humidity. There was no significant correlation between air pollutants and wind speed. Gross domestic product, population, number of automobiles, and energy consumption play an important role in the dynamics of air quality concentrations. These all provided important information for the decision and policy-makers to effectively control the air pollution in Wuhan.
Exchange biased surface acoustic wave magnetic field sensors
Authors: Schell Viktor , Spetzler Elizaveta , Wolff Niklas , Bumke Lars , Kienle Lorenz , McCord Jeffrey , Quandt Eckhard , Meyners Dirk 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMagnetoelastic composites which use surface acoustic waves show great potential as sensors of low frequency and very low amplitude magnetic fields. While these sensors already provide adequate frequency bandwidth for most applications, their detectability has found its limitation in the low frequency noise generated by the magnetoelastic film. Amongst other contributions, this noise is closely connected to domain wall activity evoked by the strain from the acoustic waves propagating through the film. A successful method to reduce the presence of domain walls is to couple the ferromagnetic material with an antiferromagnetic material across their interface and therefore induce an exchange bias. In this work we demonstrate the application of a top pinning exchange bias stack consisting of ferromagnetic layers of (Fe90Co10)78Si12B10 and Ni81Fe19 coupled to an antiferromagnetic Mn80Ir20 layer. Stray field closure and hence prevention of magnetic edge domain formation is achieved by an antiparallel biasing of two consecutive exchange bias stacks. The set antiparallel alignment of magnetization provides single domain states over the complete films. This results in a reduction of magnetic phase noise and therefore provides limits of detection as low as 28 pT/Hz1/2 at 10 Hz and 10 pT/Hz1/2 at 100 Hz.
Dietary exposure to potentially harmful elements in edible plants in Poland and the health risk dynamics related to their geochemical differentiation
Authors: Wódkowska Agata , Gruszecka-Kosowska Agnieszka 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDifferences in the health risk values calculated for consumers of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) present in edible plants were investigated. Based on a comprehensive literature search, the highest PHE contents in plants were identified in the southern and western regions of Poland, that also revealed the highest geochemical enrichment with Zn, Pb, Cu, As, Cd, and Tl. The highest unacceptable non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) values for mean PHE contents in Poland were found for Pb: toddlers (2.80), pre-schoolers (1.80), and school-aged children (1.45) and for Cd for toddlers (1.42). The highest unacceptable carcinogenic risk (CR) values for mean As content was observed for adults (5.9 × 10–5). The highest non-carcinogenic risk values for consumers were reported in Silesia, Lower Silesia, Lublin, Lesser Poland, and Opole Provinces, indicating the impact of geochemical variability on risk values.
Quantifying generational and geographical inequality of climate change
Authors: Hadré Emma , Küpper Jonas , Tschirschwitz Janina , Mengert Melissa , Labuhn Inga 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe relate greenhouse gas emissions and global warming experienced over a lifetime by individual birth cohorts, resolved by world regions. We reveal outstanding geographical inequality between high- and low-emission regions corresponding to the nations of the Global North and Global South, respectively. Additionally, we highlight the inequality different birth cohorts (generations) experience regarding the burden of recent and ongoing warming temperatures as a time-delayed consequence of past emissions. We achieve precise quantification of the number of birth cohorts and populations who see a difference between Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), emphasizing the potential for action and the chances for improvement that exist under the different scenarios. The method is designed to realistically display inequality, as it is experienced by people while motivating action and change needed to achieve emission reduction to reduce climate change and generational and geographical inequality simultaneously.
Heart rate variability changes with respect to time and exercise intensity during heart-rate-controlled steady-state treadmill running
Authors: Brockmann Lars , Hunt Kenneth J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim of this work was to investigate the time and exercise intensity dependence of heart rate variability (HRV). Time-dependent, cardiovascular-drift-related increases in heart rate (HR) were inhibited by enforcing a constant heart rate throughout the exercise with a feedback control system. Thirty-two healthy adults performed HR-stabilised treadmill running exercise at two distinct exercise intensity levels. Standard time and frequency domain HRV metrics were computed and served as outcomes. Significant decreases were detected in 8 of the 14 outcomes for the time dependence analysis and in 6 of the 7 outcomes for the exercise intensity dependence analysis (excluding the experimental speed-signal frequency analysis). Furthermore, metrics that have been reported to reach an intensity-dependent near-zero minimum rapidly (usually at moderate intensity) were found to be near constant over time and only barely decreased with intensity. Taken together, these results highlight that HRV generally decreases with time and with exercise intensity. The intensity-related reductions were found to be greater in value and significance compared to the time-related reductions. Additionally, the results indicate that decreases in HRV metrics with time or exercise intensity are only detectable as long as their metric-specific near-zero minimum has not yet been reached.
An antioxidation strategy based on ultra-small nanobubbles without exogenous antioxidants
Authors: Zheng Jin , Qi Juncheng , Song Sanzhao , Yuan Kaiwei , Zhang Lijuan , Zhao Hongwei , Lü Junhong , Zhu Beien , Zhang Yi , Hu Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAntioxidation is in demand in living systems, as the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in organisms lead to a variety of diseases. The conventional antioxidation strategies are mostly based on the introduction of exogenous antioxidants. However, antioxidants usually have shortcomings of poor stability, non-sustainability, and potential toxicity. Here, we proposed a novel antioxidation strategy based on ultra-small nanobubbles (NBs), in which the gas–liquid interface was employed to enrich and scavenge ROS. It was found that the ultra-small NBs (~ 10 nm) exhibited a strong inhibition on oxidization of extensive substrates by hydroxyl radicals, while the normal NBs (~ 100 nm) worked only for some substrates. Since the gas–water interface of the ultra-small NBs is non-expendable, its antioxidation would be sustainable and its effect be cumulative, which is different to that using reactive nanobubbles to eliminate free radicals as the gases are consumptive and the reaction is unsustainable. Therefore, our antioxidation strategy based on ultra-small NB would provide a new solution for antioxidation in bioscience as well as other fields such as materials, chemical industry, food industry, etc.
Methamphetamine use increases the risk of cerebral small vessel disease in young patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhu Zhu , Vanderschelden Benjamin , Lee Sook Joung , Blackwill Haley , Shafie Mohammad , Soun Jennifer E. , Chow Daniel , Chang Peter , Stradling Dana , Qian Tianchen , Yu Wengui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMethamphetamine use causes spikes in blood pressure. Chronic hypertension is a major risk factor for cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). The aim of this study is to investigate whether methamphetamine use increases the risk of cSVD. Consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke at our medical center were screened for methamphetamine use and evidence of cSVD on MRI of the brain. Methamphetamine use was identified by self-reported history and/or positive urine drug screen. Propensity score matching was used to select non-methamphetamine controls. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the effect of methamphetamine use on cSVD. Among 1369 eligible patients, 61 (4.5%) were identified to have a history of methamphetamine use and/or positive urine drug screen. Compared with the non-methamphetamine group (n = 1306), the patients with methamphetamine abuse were significantly younger (54.5 ± 9.7 vs. 70.5 ± 12.4, p < 0.001), male (78.7% vs. 54.0%, p < 0.001) and White (78.7% vs. 50.4%, p < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis showed that methamphetamine use was associated with increased white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, and total burden of cSVD. The association was independent of age, sex, concomitant cocaine use, hyperlipidemia, acute hypertension, and stroke severity. Our findings suggest that methamphetamine use increases the risk of cSVD in young patients with acute ischemic stroke.
DsbA-L alleviates tubular injury in diabetic nephropathy by activating mitophagy through maintenance of MAM integrity
Authors: Yang Ming , Zhang Qin , Luo Shilu , Han Yachun , Zhao Hao , Jiang Na , Liu Yan , Li Li , Li Chenrui , Liu Chongbin , He Liyu , Zhu Xuejing , Liu Yu , Sun Lin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) regulate ATG14- and Beclin1-mediated mitophagy and play key roles in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). DsbA-L is mainly located in MAMs and plays a role in renoprotection, but whether it activates mitophagy by maintaining MAM integrity remains unclear. In the present study, we found that renal tubular damage was further aggravated in diabetic DsbA-L−/− mice compared with diabetic mice and that this damage was accompanied by disrupted MAM integrity and decreased mitophagy. Furthermore, notably decreased expression of ATG14 and Beclin1 in MAMs extracted from the kidneys of diabetic DsbA-L−/− mice was observed. In vitro, overexpression of DsbA-L reversed the disruption of MAM integrity and enhanced mitophagy in HK-2 cells, a human proximal tubular cell line, after exposure to high-glucose (HG) conditions. Additionally, compared with control mice, DsbA-L−/− mice were exhibited down-regulated expression of helicase with zinc finger 2 (HELZ2) in their kidneys according to transcriptome analysis; HELZ2 serves as a cotranscription factor that synergistically functions with PPARα to promote the expression of mitofusin 2 (MFN-2). Treatment of HK-2 cells with MFN-2 siRNA resulted in MAM uncoupling and decreased mitophagy. Moreover, HG notably reduced the expression of HELZ2 and MFN-2 and inhibited mitophagy, and these effects were partially blocked by overexpression of DsbA-L and altered upon cotreatment with HELZ2 siRNA, HELZ2 overexpression or MK886 (PPARα inhibitor) treatment. These data indicate that DsbA-L alleviates diabetic tubular damage by activating mitophagy through maintenance of MAM integrity via the HELZ2/MFN-2 pathway.
Research on a forward‐looking scanning imaging algorithm for a high‐speed radar platform
Authors: Liu Sijia , Pan Minghai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe range and azimuth information of a target can be obtained after coherent pulse accumulation of the traditional multiframe stepped‐frequency (SF) synthesis wideband echo and spectrum analysis, and high‐resolution two‐dimensional imaging of the target can be achieved. However, the accumulation of a certain number of pulses requires a long beam dwell time, which cannot meet real‐time imaging requirements for high‐speed radar moving platforms. To solve the above problems, a scanning imaging mode is proposed by combining forward‐looking imaging and scanning imaging, and a target echo signal model with the structure of scanning stepped‐frequency is constructed. The SF pulses are grouped and transmitted according to the scanning order, and the echo pulses are sorted and reorganised. After the timing compensation and range Doppler coupling compensation are completed, the target is located and projected. The proposed imaging mode can achieve high‐resolution scanning forward‐looking imaging and can basically attain an azimuth resolution of approximately 0.1° within the forward‐looking scanning range. This imaging mode has higher real‐time performance and a larger target imaging range than the traditional methods. Moreover, the simulation results showed good performance via the scanning imaging method.
Makrophthalmus imitiert Mikrophthalmus bei einem 8 Monate alten
Großen Schweizer Sennenhund
Authors: Schippers Paula Andrea , Walter Hanna , Michaely Lukas Mathias , Gerhauser Ingo , Raue Jonathan , Merhof Kristina , Busse Claudia 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungEin 8 Monate alter Großer Schweizer Sennenhund wurde mit Verdacht auf
rechtsseitigen Mikrophthalmus, Missbildung und Blindheit des Auges seit Geburt
vorgestellt. Im Magnetresonanztomogramm wurde ein ellipsoidförmiger
Makrophthalmus sowie das Fehlen der normalen retrobulbären Strukturen
festgestellt. Die histopathologische Untersuchung zeigte eine dysplastische Uvea
mit unilateraler Zystenbildung und assoziierter geringgradiger
lymphohistiozytärer Entzündung. Der Ziliarkörper
bedeckte halbseitig die Linsenhinterseite und zeigte fokal eine metaplastische
Knochenbildung. Es lag eine beginnende Kataraktbildung sowie eine mittelgradige
diffuse panretinale Atrophie und intravitreale Retinaablösung
vor. Bei Augen, die sich klinisch als Mikrophthalmus darstellen und
enukleiert werden sollen, ist präoperativ ein bildgebendes Verfahren zu
empfehlen. Wie in diesem Fallbericht dargestellt, kann ein Makrophthalmus
vorliegen, der eine Enukleation erschweren kann. Die Durchführung eines
derartigen Eingriffes an einem Standort mit ophthalmologischer und
weichteilchirurgischer Expertise ist anzuraten. Nach Wissen der Autoren handelt
es sich hierbei um den ersten Bericht über einen Fall mit Makrophthalmus
mit multiplen okulären Fehlbildungen eines Hundes.
Wie wirkt der Biofaktor Zink auf das Immunsystem?
Authors: Georg Classen Hans , Birkelbach Daniela , Reich Anna 
Published: May 2023

SummaryZink ist ein wichtiges Spurenelement im menschlichen Körper. Zu den Folgen von Zinkmangel gehören unter anderem eine erhöhte Infektanfälligkeit, Hauterkrankungen sowie Wachstums- und Fruchtbarkeitsstörungen. Das Spurenelement spielt eine wichtige Rolle für die Immunabwehr: Zink ist für die humorale und zelluläre Immun­antwort wichtig, unterstützt Bereiche der angeborenen und erworbenen Immunabwehr und führt zu einer direkten Aktivierung von Makrophagen. Typische Symptome, eine Patientenanamnese sowie Laborbefunde weisen einen Zinkmangel nach. Dieser wird durch den Einsatz hoch dosierter Zinkpräparate behoben.
Infektionskrankheiten – Ayurvedaperspektiven
Authors: Samir Chopra Ananda , Gupta Hedwig H. , Keßler Christian S. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryDie klassischen Werke des Ayurveda zeigen, dass man schon vor Jahrtausenden wusste, dass bestimmte Krankheiten von Mensch zu Mensch übertragen werden können. Die traditionellen ayurvedischen Konzepte haben sich im Laufe der Zeit weiterentwickelt, und so kombiniert der moderne Ayurveda heute das Wissen um Bakterien und Viren als Krankheitsverursacher mit Ayurveda-Behandlungen und Prophylaxe zur Förderung von Gesundheit und Resilienz.