bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Fifth amendment to the US Constitution as one of the fundamental norms for the protection of human and citizen rights
Authors: Hutiv B. 
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the legal norms contained in the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America and their significant importance for a number of fundamental human rights and freedoms. The author analyzed the genesis of the formation of constitutionalism in the USA, starting from the adoption of the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the US Constitution in 1787 until now. Since the original version of the Constitution had a number of shortcomings, in particular, it emphasized the separation of powers, the formation and functioning of state institutions, but described the rights and freedoms of citizens in a somewhat general way, 27 amendments were introduced to the Constitution, 26 of which are still in effect today. In 1791, the first 10 amendments were adopted, which later became known as the Bill of Rights, which was actually mainly devoted to human rights.
The author focused on a more detailed analysis of the Fifth Amendment to the US Constitution. It is indicated that, first of all, this amendment regulates the procedure for bringing a person to justice for serious crimes, namely with the participation of the Grand Jury. It has been established that the Grand Jury requirement applies only to criminal indictments in the federal court system. The author highlights that the next provision of this amendment is devoted to the prohibition of double prosecution of a person for the same crime. The article proves that it is very significant, given the two-tiered system of American legislation, according to which a person's actions can be subject to the legislation of several states, federal legislation, etc. at the same time. The author substantiates that the ban on forcing to testify against oneself, which is declared in the studied amendment, is of great importance in the protection of the rights of suspects and the inadmissibility of illegal actions by the police. And, finally, the author defined the concept of «due legal procedure», without which state authorities have no right to deprive anyone of life, liberty or property.
Contracts for the purchase of affordable housing: concepts, legal nature and features
Authors: Rudakov D. 
Published: June 2023

In Ukraine, the right of individuals – citizens to housing is constitutionally enshrined, which can be realized both by purchasing such an object of civil relations in ownership and in use. As of today, the issues of providing housing for the citizens of Ukraine have become particularly acute due to the fact that many of them lost it due to the criminal war against our state. These issues have become especially relevant due to the declaration of our state as a social state, because under such conditions, Ukraine must help its citizens to acquire rights to this category of property. For some reason, as of today, the most common basis for acquiring housing rights is the contract itself, which remains unique means of regulating legal relations in European private law.
The concept of housing in Ukraine is provided in a number of normative legal acts of various levels of legal force, among which, of course, the Civil Code of Ukraine and the Housing Code of Ukraine that occupy a special place. Affordable housing is built and those being built with state support, residential buildings (complexes) and apartments. State support for the construction of affordable housing consists in the payment by the state of 30 percent of the cost of construction (purchase) of affordable housing and/or the provision of a preferential mortgage housing loan.
Contracts for the purchase of this category of housing are sales contracts, that is, they belong to the group of transactions on the transfer of property into ownership. At the same time, by their legal nature, these are consensual, paid, bilateral and fixed-term (usually up to 12 months). In the case of investing in objects of unfinished construction, under certain conditions, such contracts may have a risky nature. Also, it is worth noting separately about: the specific subject composition of these contracts, the obligation to comply with the requirements regarding their form and specifics of execution.
Presenting Mechanism for Legal Regulation of Civil Relations
Authors: Cherneha V. 
Published: June 2023

The article presents the mechanism for legal regulation of civil relations. The standing of scientific thought as to the mechanism for legal regulation of civil relations was found to be inconsistent with the contemporary requests (needs). Therefore, in this article: first, the author improved the definition of the mechanism for legal regulation of civil relations; second, the architectonics of this field type of the legal regulation mechanism was presented to civil law community. The mechanism for legal regulation of civil relations was defined as the set of civil legal tools (civil legal means, ways, and forms) the coordinated interaction of which makes it possible to regulate civil relations to protect the interests of entities subject to civil law the best possible way.
It was determined that the mechanism for legal regulation of civil relations comprises the following elements: first, civil provisions, legal customs, deeds, and quasi deeds (civil arrangements); second, jural facts; third, civil relations; fourth, actions to ensure the exercise and protection of civil rights and fulfilment of obligations; fifth, legal consciousness; sixth, legal culture. The study is based on general scientific and special legal methods of cognition. The historical and legal method was used to describe the evolution of scholarly views toward the mechanism for legal regulation of civil relations. The formal and logical method contributed to the development of the author's definition of the mechanism for legal regulation of civil relations. Combining the systems analysis and structural and functional analysis enabled the author to determine the elements of the mechanism for legal regulation of civil relations. The legal and comparative method was applied to compare doctrinal ideas by the subject of research.
The procedure for exercising the right to participate in public works in the social insurance system in case of unemployment
Authors: Mokrytska N. 
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the procedure for exercising the right to participate in public works by persons in the social insurance system in case of unemployment. The analysis of normative acts of Ukraine, which regulate legal relations regarding the involvement of persons in public works on a voluntary basis, was carried out.
As a result of the study of the relevant legal framework, it is substantiated that public works in general are a temporary form of employment for citizens who are looking for work only on the referral of the territorial employment body in the order of mandatory conclusion of a fixed-term employment contract, which expresses the free will of both the employee and the employer in the event of employment relations.
An integral element of the selection of public works is the written consent of the person. Analyzing the procedure of giving consent by a person to participate in public works in the relevant legislative acts, it is possible to follow at least several stages of giving such consent in written form. The initial stage of approval for public works is related to the issuance of a personal card. Further, the consent is recorded in the individual service provision plan (for persons who are in a state of partial unemployment) and the individual employment plan (for the registered unemployed). The final stage of approval is characterized by the absence of a refusal to conclude an employment contract in the referral for employment.
On the basis of the studied provisions of the legislation of Ukraine, it has been proven that the Vacancy Information is a source of information about the proposed temporary jobs at the relevant employer under the terms of a fixed-term employment contract, which is provided by the employment center under the conditions and in the order provided for drawing up individual plans for the provision of services and employment. At the same time, it is mandatory to enter information about the vacancy with the serial number of the document that certifies the completeness and authenticity of the information provided by the employment center.
In the process of clarifying the procedure for the selection of public works, it is proposed to provide that a person must within 10 working days agree to employment or refuse to participate in public works based on the vacancies offered to him. What is noted in the individual plans for the provision of services and employment with an entry in the personal card after the decision of the employment center to issue a referral for employment. The basis for issuing an order to hire an employee, if none of the parties has refused to conclude an employment contract, is a referral for employment.
The right to information under the conditions of modern globalization: certain aspects
Authors: Petsa D. 
Published: June 2023

The article analyzes issues related to the content of the right to information in the modern context, limitations of the right to information and responsibility for information in the modern globalized society.
The realities of today's globalized world put another aspect of the issue of the right to information on the agenda. It is about limiting the right to information and responsibility for abusing freedom of information for the purpose of manipulating public opinion, and accordingly influencing the nature of social relations through it.
The outlined circle of certain problematic aspects of the realization of the right to information in modern conditions proves the obvious need for the systematization of national legislation in this area. A manifestation of this could be the adoption of the long-awaited Information Code of Ukraine. Talks about this code have been going on since 1995, when the National Agency for Informatization under the President of Ukraine initiated its development.
As it seems to us, in this basic legal act in the information sphere, it is necessary to synchronize all normative legal acts in the information sphere, to bring them into line with today's requirements. In it, among other things, issues related to the clear establishment of the circle of modern subjects of information relations and their basic rights and obligations, the only principles that regulate these relations, should find their legal consolidation. Taking into account modern realities, it is necessary to modernize a number of terms in the information field, first of all, those related to the information space, such as information war, cybercrime, etc.
All this, ultimately, will contribute to the practical implementation of the main purpose of the right to information - to expand the opportunities of each person to ensure his other subjective rights, and therefore to increase his confidence in his own abilities and the satisfaction of his interests, the interests of society and the state as a whole.
International legal standards regarding the fight against doping in professional sports
Authors: Zaborovskyy V.V. , Manzyuk V.V. 
Published: June 2023

The article discloses the theoretical and applied provisions on the actual issues of combating doping in ofessional sports at the international and national levels, as well as a comparative analysis of combating doping by the World Anti-Doping Organization and the provisions of the national legislation of foreign countries, and offers a solution to effectively combating the use of doping in within the framework of domestic Ukrainian legislation.Among the many problems of modern professional sports, the problem of doping is gaining more and more relevance. It is extremely complex, as it includes closely interrelated medical, legal, political, moral, organizational, social and pedagogical aspects. The effectiveness of combating doping in sports largely depends on the system of its organization. However, it should be noted that the organizational foundations of the fight against doping were not seen by scientists. The main efforts of sports and medical science were aimed at studying the impact of doping on the body of a professional athlete, finding methods for its detection, biochemical components, as well as reducing the cost of doping control procedures and finding the simplest and most effective procedures. In this regard, the study of the organizational foundations of the fight against doping is relevant both from a theoretical and a practical point of view.Within the framework of this article, anti-doping legislation was investigated in order to determine a reasonable assessment of the existing system of combating doping in sports, identified the shortcomings and positive aspects of this system, its influence on the education of athletes, which allow to determine ways of increasing its effectiveness, forming an understanding of the role of combating doping in sports , the main trends of development and ways of increasing its effectiveness among athletes, trainers and specialists of the physical culture and sports movement.The relevance of the specified issue determines the need for its solution, as well as the application of research results in law enforcement practice and law-making activities.Based on the conducted research, the authors conclude that the humanistic mission of sports regarding anti-doping measures should be taken into account in the processes of combating doping. It is clear that the current fight against doping, which focuses on bans, is not working effectively. The new regulator of anti-doping measures must make decisions taking into account the specifics of each sport.
Understanding the Economic Contributions of the Arboriculture & Commercial Urban Forestry Sector in New England
Authors: Lass Daniel A. , Harper Richard W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study details the results of a survey of firms that was conducted to establish a baseline for a further understanding of the value of the arboriculture/commercial urban forestry (ACUF) sector to the New England Economy, during February and March of 2022. The greatest percentage of responses came from Massachusetts firms (45 percent) followed by Connecticut (about 15 percent) and Maine (about 9 percent). Respondents from New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont represented 6-7 percent of the sample and firms from other states (and international firms) comprised 11 percent of the sample. The distribution of firms' business income earned in each state were consistent with the firm location distribution. Large firms dominated the distribution of 2021 gross income for ACUF firms in this sample with about 48 percent of the respondents reporting gross incomes greater than $500,000. There was also a relatively large number of small firms (about 10 percent) earning less than $25,000. The 2021 total gross income of the 119 firms in this sample was estimated to be over $252 million. Large firms earning over $1 million in gross income represent 91 percent of the total gross income for this sample. Just over 70 percent of firms' gross income was from private individuals, with about 18 percent from commercial sources. Only about 7 percent was from state and local government. Tree pruning and removal was the predominant activity (over 55 percent), followed by tree fertilization and tree health at about 17 percent. Other tree care activities represented less than 10 percent of gross income.
Ameliorative effect of different mesoporous bioactive glass materials in experimental tibial defects in rats
Authors: Ozmen Ozlem , Tomul Fatma , Sirin Yusuf Sinan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Enhancing the bone healing procedure would resultantly improve the post-recovery life quality, as well as the speed with which the patient returns to their former life quality. Porous structures can provide a large surface area and abundant channels to facilitate mass transfer.

Objective
To evaluate the application of mesoporous materials in the bone healing of surgically created defects on the tibiae of male adult Wistar rats.

Methods
The defect areas were evaluated after implantation of 4 types of bioactive glass histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Fifty adult rats were divided into 5 groups including a control group without material. The used products were mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG), Cu-MBG, Zn-MBG, and Cu–Zn-MBG. Unicortical bone defects with a 3 mm diameter were performed in both tibiae of the animals and filled with 4 types of glass particles. The rats were then euthanized at 15 d and 30 d. Tibial samples were collected and the tissues forwarded for histological processing, and examined using light microscopy. Additionally, bone healing was evaluated by assessing the levels of bone morphogenetic protein BMP2, collagen 1, osteocalcin (OST), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) using immunohistochemical methods.

Results
Within the 15th day, all groups presented connective tissue septa; at the 30th day, the new bone formation was more intense in the Cu–Zn-MBG group. Additionally, BMP2, collagen 1, OST, and VEGF immune expression were more prominent in the Cu–Zn-MBG group.

Conclusions
The study results indicated that MBG may be used for the repairing of bone defects. Cu–Zn-MBG may be the best choice for this purpose.
IMPLEMENTASI SADDU DZARIAH DALAM MEMBERIKAN KEAMANAN, PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN PADA E-COMMERCE LAZADA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Suryani Harahap Ermi , Harahap Nurhotia 
Published: June 2023

According to As-Syatibi saddu dzariah is an act done by someone who previously contained benefits, but ended up being damaged. The results of the implementation of the saddu dzariah methodology in the perspective of Islamic law prohibits transactions from leaving the system available on the Lazada platform because it causes crimes that are difficult to control and can rarely be overcome without harming platform business owners, platform owner users (store owners, expeditions and consumers). Incompatibility of goods out of the e-commerce system occurs via FB, WhatsApp, Instagram and telephone media. In this case, the government responds as technological advances meet the needs of the community, it is very important for e-commers even though many are misused by irresponsible people. The government protects e-commers users by issuing a save harbor policy to protect platform owners. The Safe Harbor Policy system is a government policy that separates the responsibilities of providers of online buying and selling sites with a User Generated Content (UGC) based marketplace concept from sellers who use their services. This policy is strengthened by the Circular Letter of the Minister of Communication and Information Technology No. 5 of 2016 concerning the limitations of the responsibilities of trading platforms and merchants through electronic means in the form of user generated ed content. Security, convenience of safe platform users when shopping follows the system normally. If the transaction is carried out abnormally, it cannot be controlled by the system provided by Lazada. .
AL JAZEERA FRAMING ON ARAB SPRING ISSUES IN MIDDLE EAST REGION
Authors: Minardi Anton , Auzan Hatfan Mohammad 
Published: June 2023

International Relations is a branch of political science is a study of the problems of foreign and global issues at among States in the International system, including the roles of the State, organizations exist between government and non-government organizations and companies on a multinational. One issue that has become a global phenomenal in international relations is the Arab Spring. Arab Spring, known as the Arab Spring is the wave of demonstrations and protests revolution is happening in the Arab world. Since December 18, 2010, to oppose the authoritarian regimes in the MENA region, namely Tunisia, Libya, Egypt and Yemen that lasted from 2010 until early 2012.
Methods to strengthen information obtained in support of this study is a qualitative descriptive way that is composed of several literature and informants indirectly so as to form a framework of analysis with factual evidence. Data were collected entirely by literature on framing analysis and reporting Arab Spring and is obtained in Arab online media sites www.aljazeera.com.
One issue that is influenced by the Findings of Media Framing is the "Arab Spring" which is where the media's role is important in changing the situation in the middle east region. Al Jazeera is one of the media play an active role in the problems that exist in the MENA region (Middle East and North Africa). Al Jazeera is one of the international media based in Doha, Qatar. The center is also focused to know the Role of Media Framing contained in the news becomes one of the strategic studies prepared by the events of a conflict and issues in the sphere of international relations in which Media Framing also merupkan the effect of the case of the analysis of authors.
The Sub-Saharan Refugee Crisis: Three Decades of Somali Refugees in Kenya, How did Kenya become the home of half a million Somali refugees?
Authors: Meharg Isobel Rose 
Published: June 2023

The case study seeks to unpack the origins of Somali displacement and the subsequent Kenyan policy responses to the unfolding crisis.
The Somali refugee crisis is unique. Somalia has been the site of one of the longest humanitarian crises in the world. There is not simply one reason for so many globally and internally displaced Somalis, but an accumulation of factors.
The research paper shall follow a threefold structure. Firstly, an outline of the context under which these people became refugees to aid understanding of the displacement from Somalia over three decades. Secondly, this paper shall address why Kenya is the predominant destination of those leaving Somalia. This section shall also focus on Kenyan policy in response to the evolving refugee situation. Finally, this paper will focus on the changing policy of Kenya, the attempts to resettle Somali refugees and to close the Dadaab complex. One will pose the question why this policy is not working.
Profil Pasien Glaukoma Juvenil di Poliklinik Mata RS Dr. M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2017-2020
Authors: Sari Hanny Vidya , Ilahi Fitratul , Susanti Restu 
Published: June 2023

Latar Belakang: Glaukoma juveinil adalah bagian dari glaukoma primer sudut terbuka atau primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) dengan karakteristik penurunan secara autosomal dominan dan terjadi pada usia muda, sekitar 4 hingga 35 tahun. Glaukoma juveinil berkaitan dengan peningkatan tekanan intraokular (TIO) akibat struktur trabecular meshwork yang abnormal sehingga menyebabkan gangguan aliran aqueous humor. Peningkatan tekanan intraokular dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan permanen pada saraf optik yang menyebabkan perubahan ukuran cup disk ratio (CDR) sehingga dapat berujung pada kebutaan.
Objektif: Untuk mengetahui profil pasien glaukoma juveinil di Poliklinik Mata RS Dr. M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2017-2020
Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien yang terdiagnosis glaukoma juveinil oleh klinisi di Polikinik Mata RS Dr. M. Djamil Padang dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 42 orang dengan total 84 mata pasien dari tanggal 1 Januari 2017 – 31 Desember 2020.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian didapatkan pasien glaukoma juvenil sebagian besar laki-laki sebanyak 52,4% dengan kelompok umur terbanyak ≤20 tahun sebanyak 50%. Faktor resiko terbanyak ditemukan adalah dengan ada riwayat keluarga 64,3%, miopia 33.3%, dan TIO ≤21 mmHg 77,4%. 47,6% sampel memiliki visus normal. Stadium terbanyak adalah stadium sedang sebesar 79,8%. Tatalaksana terbanyak yaitu dengan monoterapi 76,2%.
Kesimpulan: Karakteristik pasien glaukoma juveinil paling banyak yaitu laki-laki dan berada pada kelompok usia ≤20 tahun. Faktor resiko yang terbanyak adalah pada yang memilki riwayat keluarga dan miopia. Pasien terbanyak dengan visus normal dengan stadium sedang. Tatatalaksana yang paling banyak dilakukan adalah dengan monoterapi.