bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teori Belajar Perkembangan Kognitiv Lev Vygotsky dan Implikasinya dalam Pembelajaran
Authors: Wardani Ivo Retna Wardani , Putri Zuani Mirza Immama , Kholis Nur 
Published: July 2023

The Learning Process Cannot be separated from cognitive, social and cultural development. One of the figures who discussed cognitive devolopment was Lev Vygotsky, in which Lev Vygotsky argued that children’s knowledge is influenced by their environment,that knowledge is obtained by students from interactions with the surrounding environment. So it needs to be discussed about how cognitive development, the theory of cognitive development according to Vygotsky and the implications for learning. With the aim of being able to describe the theory of cognitive development according to Lev Vygotsky and the implications for learning. The method used in this writing is a qualitative method in the form of a description with a library research approach. The results of this study state that there are three theories of cognitive development according to Vygotsky, namely through the Zona of Proximal Development (ZPD), namely the distance between the actual level of development and potential development, scaffolding namely assistance from people who are more competent and language and thoughts which are the beginning of communication. Good quality so that the implications in a teacher’s learning adapt to the cognitive development of children and design collaborative and cooperative learning.
Keywords: Cognitive, Lygotsky, Learning
TRANSFORMASI PENDIDIKAN YANG MEMBENTUK BANGSA YANG TERDIDIK
Authors: Arnoltus Cornelius 
Published: July 2023

John Dewey mengungkapkan pemahamannya tentang pendidikan adalah sebuah proses pengalaman. Juga dalam beberapa kutipan-kutipan kata-kata bijak mengatakan bahwa pengalaman adalah guru terbaik. Pendidikan adalah hal yang penting bagi setiap individu. Individu memerlukan pendidikan untuk dapat berkembang, baik secara Fisik/biologis, Psikologi, Pengrtahuan dsb. Pendidikan yang baik akan memberikan dampak yang baik kepada si penerima pendidikan.
Dunia pendidikan selalu mengalami perubahan/perkembangan. Indonesia telah mengalami setidaknya 9 kali perubahan kurikulum. Tentu ini bukan tanpa penyebab perubahan tersebut, namun ada hal besar yang melatarbelakangi perubahan tersebut. Transformasi kurikulum bak pedang bermata dua. Masing-masing memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan. Namun terlepas dari hal tersebut, tulisan ini membahas secara singkat tentang transformasi kurikulum.

Kata Kunci: Kurikulum, Pendidikan, Perkembangan Pendidikan
PENGARUH EARNING PER SHARE (EPS), DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO (DER), DAN PRICE TO BOOK VALUE (PBV) TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM (Studi Pada Perusahaan Tekstil Dan Garmen Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2012-2017)
Authors: Yohana  , C Ingkak , Imelda Bela 
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara simultan maupun parsial Pengaruh Earning Per Share (EPS), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Price to Book Value (PBV) Terhadap Harga Saham Pada Perusahaan Tekstil Dan Garmen Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2012-2017.
Dalam penelitian ini, sampel yang diambil sebanyak 5 perusahaan. Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel yaitu purposive sampling. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan laporan keuangan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis statistik deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik, regresi linier berganda dan uji hipotesis.
Hasil penelitian yang diolah dengan program minitab versi 18 menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial Earning Per Share dan Price to Book Value berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham. Sedangkan Debt to Equity Ratio tidak berpengaruh terhadap harga saham. Secara simultan variabel Earning Per Share, Debt to Equity Ratio, Price to Book Value berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham.
SISTEM AKUNTANSI PENGELOLAAN DANA DESA DI DESA BALE KENCANA KECAMATAN MANCAK KABUPATEN SERANG
Authors: Pelinta  , Suheri  , Mastomi Burhanudin 
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui sistem akuntansi pengelolaan di Desa Bale Kencana Kecamatan Mancak Kabupaten Serang. Pada saat melakukan penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Variabel independen yaitu sistem akuntansi, dan variabel dependen yaitu pengelolaan dana desa.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa belum optimalnya sistem akuntansi dalam pengelolaan dana desa karena rendahnya pengetahuan dari pemerintah desa terkait pengelolaan keuangan desa berdasarkan Permendagri No. 113 Tahun 2014. Hal itu ditambah lagi dengan belum adanya tenaga pendamping dari Kabupaten Serang untuk membantu pengelolaan dana desa. Sedangkan sistem akuntansi pengelolaan dana desa di Desa Bale Kencana Kecamatan Mancak Kabupaten serang sudah menggunakan sistem yang berbasis komputerisasi, yaitu Sistem Keuangan Desa (SISKEUDES). Dengan sistem yang terkomputerisasi, pelaporan dana desa akan mampu dilakukan dengan cepat dan output laporan keuangannya juga akan lebih handal dibandingkan dengan pelaporan secara manual.
PENGARUH BOOK TAX DIFFERENCES, VOLATILITAS PENJUALAN, DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP PERSISTENSI LABA (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar Di Indeks LQ-45 Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2013 – 2017)
Authors: Yohana  , Pelinta  , Mutmainah Siti 
Published: July 2023

Persistensi merupakan salah satu alat ukur kualitas laba yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya kesinambungan laba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh book tax differences, volatilitas penjualan, danleverage terhadap persistensi laba.
Pada penelitian ini, populasi yang dipilih adalah perusahaan yang terdaftar di Indeks LQ-45 BEI tahun 2013-2017. Metode penentuan sampel yang digunakan adalah metode purposive sampling. Setelah melakukan seleksi maka terpilih sampel 6 perusahaan dengan total sampel 30. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan program Minitab 18.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial perbedaan permanen book tax difference dan leverage berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap persistensi laba. Sementara itu, secara parsial perbedaan temporer book tax differences dan volatilitas penjualan tidak berpengaruh terhadap persistensi laba. Keempat variabel independen tersebut berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap persistensi laba.
Response Surface Optimisation of the Mechanical Shock Testing for Advanced Ball Grid Array Package
Authors: Muhammad Syahmi Ahmad Tamili  
Published: July 2023

This research focuses on optimising mechanical shock testing for advanced ball grid array (BGA) packages using finite element analysis. This research aims to analyse the parameters in mechanical shock testing for advanced BGA packages and optimise their mechanical strength using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). This research employs two methods: Finite Element Analysis and RSM. The methodology involves investigating three parameters: impact frequency, stand-off height, and solder ball diameter through numerical experimentation. Three responses, namely stress, strain, and displacement, are obtained to achieve an optimal result using RSM. The numerical experiments are conducted using finite element software, specifically on advanced BGA packages. The findings of this study contribute to result optimisation and provide an understanding of the most significant parameters and responses. High displacement affects neighbouring circuit board parts and solder joints, leading to broken links and connections. Besides, high acceleration could lead to loose bolts, relay chattering, and slipping of the variable resistor in integrated circuit (IC) packages. The validation process is performed to verify the results obtained from the numerical experiments.
METABOLIC SYNDROME IN PATIENTS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PRESENTING TO THE NEPHROLOGY DEPARTMENT OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Saeed Muhammad Asad , Akhtar Mehwish , Munir Muhammad Abdullah , Ayub Kashif , Nazir Tamoor , Arshad Maria , Samad Hira 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is on rise and is proven to be a known factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, its association with chronic kidney disease is also emerging which can accentuate the risk of cardiovascular events in patients of CKD. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the frequency of metabolic syndrome and its related factors among patients with chronic kidney disease presenting to the Nephrology outdoor.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: it was a cross sectional study conducted at Nephrology department Jinnah hospital Lahore. About 110 patients of CKD diagnosed for atleast 6 months, aged 18-60 and fulfilling the selection criteria were enrolled after an informed consent by non-probability consecutive sampling. Measurement of blood pressure and central obesity was done as per standard protocol and all the information was recorded in proforma. A 5 ml of blood sample was taken for triglyceride, HDL, and fasting blood sugar levels after ensuring overnight fasting. Frequency percentages were calculated for qualitative variables by using SPSS26. Chi-square test was applied to check statistical significance between metabolic syndrome and effect modifiers.
RESULTS: The Mean age of patients was 42.46 + 5.580 with about 63(57%) being male. Majority had CKD stage-V 64(58%), and had the disease for more than 5 years i.e. 75(68%). The frequency of MetS was 39(35%) with that of high blood pressure 68(62%) being the most common among all components, followed by high fasting plasma glucose levels 52(47%), high triglyceride levels 35(32%), high HDL levels 32(29%) and central obesity 30(27%). A statistically insignificant relationship of MetS was seen on stratification for age, gender, duration, and stage of CKD.
CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that a considerable frequency of MetS 35% is present among patients with CKD. Thus, there is a dire need to screen all the patients with CKD for the presence of MetS as an essential component of their routine follow up. This will help in its early diagnosis and management which may halt the disease progression and decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with this lethal but manageable double burden of disease.
Correlation of actual time since death with estimated time of death by measuring proteins concentration in cadaveric cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Ahmad Arooj , Chaudhary Shabbir Hussain , Farooq Umar , Waheed Iqra , Junaid Ayesha , Ali Anam 
Published: July 2023

Background and Objective: Postmortem Interval (PMI) is the time interval from death upto conducting autopsy of deceased. PMI is an overbearing perspective of medical jurisprudence used to support beholders claim, corroborate the potential in provided proof and serve as evidence for further action. The objective of this study is to estimate the time since death by measuring proteins concentration in cadaveric cerebrospinal fluid.
Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted at Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department of Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore for 1 year from February 2022 to 2023 in 50 dead bodies included through non probability consecutive sampling. After informed consent, CSF sample was taken by using lumbar puncture technique and quantitative values of proteins were obtained automatically through auto-biochemical analyzer. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 25. The relation between time of death and time estimated on CSF proteins was measured by calculating Pearson’s correlation coefficient. P-value ≤ 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Results: Out of 50 bodies, 25 (50%) were male bodies and 25 (50%) were female bodies. The female to male ratio was 1: 1. Mean actual time of death was 73.46 ± 33.82 hours, while the estimated time of death on CSF protein assessment was 71.54 ± 31.92 hours. The mean CSF fluid level was observed was 170.26 ± 88.61 mm3. A significantly strong positive correlation was observed between time estimated by using protein level in CSF fluid and actual time of death i.e. r =0.952 (p-value <0.0001).
Conclusion: CSF proteins have good correlation value for postmortem interval. It can be beneficial in estimating time of death in unknown bodies.
Pattern of self-poisoning and toxicity in suicidal deaths presenting for autopsy at the teaching hospital of the cosmopolitan city of Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Arooj , Chaudhary Shabbir Hussain , Farooq Umar , Waheed Iqra , Junaid Ayesha , Ali Anam 
Published: July 2023

Background and objective: Suicide is a common cause of death among teenagers and young adults and day by day, an increase has been observed in this trend. In most cases, home-based materials are used for this purpose. Hence, we aim to determine the frequency of various poisonous agents used for suicide and the pattern of presentation of such suicidal death for autopsies at a teaching hospital in a cosmopolitan city of Pakistan.
Methods: This Cross-sectional study was conducted at the Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore over a 1-year period from 1-4-2022 to 1-4-2023. About 60 dead bodies of deceased committing suicide were included through non probability consecutive sampling. Poisonous material used for suicide was inquired from family or next of kin and was verified with a toxicology report. Data was then recorded in proforma and analyzed in SPSS version 25.
Results: The mean age of dead bodies at the time of death was 29.51 ± 14.92 years. There were 37 (61.7%) male bodies and 23 (38.3%) female bodies. The mean duration between death and body received for autopsy was 2.4 ± 1.7 days. Out of 60 cases, 37 (61.7%) cases had a history of depression before suicide, 6 (10.0%) were taking anti-psychiatric treatment, 2 (3.3%) had schizophrenia, 4 (6.7%) had depressive disorder, while 11 (18.3%) had no depressive symptoms or relatives were unaware of that. Out of 60 cases; 12 (20.0%) committed suicide with organophosphates, 10 (16.7%) took over-the-counter drugs, 8 (13.3%) ingested household chemicals or acid, 6 (10.0%) took kala pather, 6 (10.0%) ingested wheat pills, 5 (8.3%) took cocaine in overdose, 5 (8.3%) had methamphetamines overdose, 3 (5.0%) had cannabinoids, 2 (3.3%) had methadone, 2 (3.3%) benzodiazepines and 1 (1.7%) had alcohol overdose.
Conclusion: Organophosphate (pesticide) is the most commonly used suicidal poisoning agent, followed-by household acids in cosmopolitan cities (urban areas). Stringent regulations are needed to regulate the sale of these toxic materials to avoid unnatural deaths of our youth.
Socio-Cultural Barriers in Health Seeking Behaviors among Female Patients Of Tuberculosis in Southern Punjab
Authors: Anwar Muhammad , Iqbal Aftab , Anwar Muhammad Bilal , Dawood Hafiz Muhammad , Warraich Imtiaz , Anwar Muhammad Awais , Mirza Junaid 
Published: July 2023

Background: In Pakistani Society, it is generally considered that woman’s place is at home, and they are discouraged to visit outside, Due to their non-visit to health facility they might have various health problems which remain undiagnosed or untreated. According to latest TB trends the female ratio in smear positive cases is increasing each year in the world which is indeed a serious threat. Objective of study is to find out the socio- cultural barriers faced by the women while seeking the health care services for TB and determine the relationship, if any, between the socio-cultural barriers and health seeking behavior.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in two District Hospitals of the southern Punjab. This study provided snapshot of the current impact of socio-cultural factors on women health-care seeking behaviors. In-depth interview on a structured questionnaire was applied on 190 women TB Patients selected through simple random probability sampling technique.
Results: The results showed that a significant majority (58%) of the female TB patients were not satisfied of organizational management, (86%) with travelling cost, (77%) with non-availability of transport. Among female patients 95% were concerned for far distance of health care facility and 62% claimed to have less family support. The most (87%) of respondents were of the opinion that women associated with TB are more affected due to social stigma and community pressures and 59% think that delay in seeking treatment is due to social stigma. These concerns or barriers put the negative affect on treatment seeking behavior of the TB patient. The organizational factors, travelling, family, financial and social stigma related barriers plays a vital role in delay of the TB treatment for female patients.
Conclusion: This study concludes that health seeking behaviour of Female TB patients is related with the socio cultural barriers.
Prevalence of Anemia during 1st Trimester and Physiological symptoms of Pregnancy A Single Center Study
Authors: Jafar Zaeem Sohail , Ahmad Aniq , Ahtesham Khalida , Rasheed Momina , Hayat Anum 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
Background: Anemia in pregnancy accounts for one fifth maternal deaths worldwide and is associated with high maternal morbidity, mortality and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancy is associated with a variety of physiological symptoms, which can be distressing and need to be managed.
Objectives: To determine the frequency of anemia and frequency of physiological symptoms of pregnancy in the first trimester with a view to developing tools to increase awareness to prevent, and timely escalation of the care.
Methodology:
A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted on data for women attending a rural health center for their first antenatal visit from January to November 2021. A formal interview of eligible participants was conducted by on duty doctor to determine pregnancy related symptoms and demographic data. Hemoglobin, and urine analysis reports were obtained from the hospital’s laboratory. Data was entered in Microsoft excel Sheet and analyzed using SPSS 21 and reported as frequencies and percentages.
Results:
The mean age of participants was 27.2 ± 4.6 years and mean Hb levels were 9.82 ±0.66 g/dl. The overall frequency of anemia was 96.5%. Majority were mildly anemic (71.5%), 5.9% were moderately anemic, 0.3% were severely anemic. Nausea and vomiting were the most common symptoms reported in 190 (23.7%) females. Heart burn was reported in 117 (14.6%), urinary tract infection (UTI) in 97 (12.1%), constipation in 39 (4.9%), backache in 33 (4.1%) and 28 (3.5%) women reported pelvic pain in the first trimester.
Conclusion:
There was high prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in the first trimester which calls for awareness and education of the community. Most common symptoms found in our population were nausea and vomiting, followed by heart burn and urinary tract infection.
Outcome of delayed hysterectomy for placenta percreta in a tertiary care center of a third world country— a descriptive study
Authors: Asad Alia Zainab , Sial Humna Sajid , Masood Hina , Mukhtar Filza , Shahzad Fatima , Riaz Mobeen , Iqbal Noreen 
Published: July 2023

Objective: To analyze the amount of hemorrhage, damage to the surrounding structures, need for transfusions, PPH, sepsis and mortalities arising as a result of delayed hysterectomies for Placenta Percreta.
Material and method: It is a descriptve study. Data is taken from specially maintained registers for placenta accreta spectrum. Patients undergoing delayed hysterectomies for in operable placenta percretas were selected and their data regarding the mentioned outcome measures was collected and analysed in SPSS system for statistics. The study period is of one year.
Results: Thirteen patients underwent delayed hysterectomy in one year. More than half of the patients had four ltr or less blood loss. They showed better response to haemorrhage. No relationship of amount of bleeding with interval between the surgeries, previous surgeries or parity was noted. No ureterovesical damage. No sepsis. PPH was noted in 15% of patients and mild spotting in 15%. One mortality of a morbidly obese patient. No death could be attributed to retention of placenta.
Conclusion: Encouraging results were seen where patient survival was concerned. Excellent results were noted where collateral damage to bladder and ureters was concerned. Minimum complications were noted, making this a viable option for patients with placenta Percreta, the most serious placental condition within the placenta accreta spectrum.
OPEN REDUCTION AND INTERNAL FIXATION OF PROXIMAL HUMERUS FRACTURES WITH PROXIMAL HUMERUS LOCKING PLATE
Authors: Iqbal Shahid Muhammad Zafar , Ullah Sohaib Inaam , Muhammad Khalid  , Shair Naveed Ali , Mahmood Tahir , Iqbal Muhammad 
Published: July 2023

Background: Despite of conservative management for proximal humeral fractures, open reduction and internal fixation with proximal humeral locking plate has become the most frequent treatment for these fractures especially in elderly and osteoporotic population. Efforts have been made to improve the locking plate fixation technique and strengthen the fixation more resilient to head collapse, screws cut out, screw penetration and loss of fracture reduction.
Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted at Department of orthopaedic surgery Services Hospital Lahore after approval from the hospital ethical review board a total number of 30 patients with proximal humeral fractures having age between 40 - 75 years were treated at our institute with proximal humeral locking plate. There were Eight 2 – part, 15 with 3- part fractures and 7 with 4- part fractures. All these patients were followed at interval of 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and at one year.
Results: In all 30 patients, fracture united 3(10.0%) months after the surgery. In 05 (16.7%), patients there were screw penetration in the shoulder joint. In these 05(16.7%), patients , 3(10.0%) patients developed avascular necrosis( AVN) and underwent shoulder arthroplasty. Loss of reduction was present in 04 (13.3%) patients in whom the revision surgery was done with addition of bone graft. Range of movements were significantly less in patients with 4- part fracture( forward elevation was 95 degree and head shaft angle was 100 degree in these patients while external rotation was 22 to 30), in rest of 25(83.3%) patients it was within the normal range. Mean DASH score at baseline was 74.02+ 8.04, after 6 weeks was 58.4 + 3.38 while after one year at the end of final follow up it was 48.6 + 13.32. ( p = .000) (Table no:1)
Conclusion: PHILOS fixation technique is an acceptable stabilization procedure for proximal humeral fractures especially in 3- part and 4- part fractures in osteoprotic bone. But at the same time it has got high complication rate like screw penetration in the joint, loss of fracture reduction and varus malunion etc.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF FUEL SUBSIDY POLICY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDONESIA
Authors: Amanda Debby , Fadila Zuyyina Nur , Leonita Afriza , Uswatunnabila Anissa , Nurhaini Siti , Saputri Sandra 
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of fuel subsidy policy on economic growth in Indonesia. Fuel oil (BBM) is one of the energy needed by the community as fuel for vehicles, both private and for public vehicles. In Indonesia, the fuel price increased in September 2022, where one example is the price of pertalite fuel, which was originally IDR 7,650 per liter to IDR 10,000 per liter. One of the factors causing this is the conflict between Russia-Ukraine which affects world oil prices to increase. To overcome this, the government made several policies including providing fuel subsidies to the community to launch their activities to increase economic growth in Indonesia.
Keywords: Fuel, Subsidy Policy, Economic Growt