bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A robotic‐assisted simulation of kinematic alignment in TKA leads to excessive valgus and internal rotation in valgus knees
Authors: Ollivier Britt , Vandenneucker Hilde , Vermue Hannes , Luyckx Thomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeStrategies to further improve patient satisfaction after total knee arthroplasty include the introduction of new alignment philosophies and more precise instruments such as navigation and robotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a combination of image‐based robotic assistance and the use of modern alignment strategies on the resulting joint line obliquity as well as femoral component rotation and to compare this between varus, neutral and valgus knees.MethodsThis retrospective study included 200 patients who received a robotic‐assisted total knee arthroplasty (MAKO®, Stryker) using functional alignment between 2018 and 2020. The patients were divided into a varus (103 patients), neutral (57 patients) and valgus (40 patients) group. The intraoperatively recorded bone cuts and resulting joint line obliquity were identified and compared to values obtained with a robotic computer simulation of kinematic alignment.ResultsThe mean femoral coronal alignment of the varus, neutral and valgus group, respectively, equalled 0.5° (± 1.1°), 1.1° (± 0.8°) and 1.6° (± 0.7°) of valgus with functional alignment and 2.1° (± 2.1°), 4.1° (± 1.7°) and 6.2° (± 1.7°) of valgus with kinematic alignment. The mean femoral axial alignment of the valgus group resulted in 0.8° (± 2.0°) of internal rotation with functional alignment and 3.9° (± 2.8°) of internal rotation with kinematic alignment. Overall, 186 knees (93%) could be balanced while respecting certain safe zones by using functional alignment as opposed to 54 knees (27% and none in the valgus group) when applying kinematic alignment. Kinematic alignment led to a combination of femoral component valgus and internal rotation of more than 3° in 22 valgus knees (55%), 10 neutral knees (18%) and 3 varus knees (3%) compared to none in each group when applying functional alignment with safe zones.ConclusionsRobotic‐assisted kinematic alignment leads to a combination of excessive valgus and internal rotation of the femoral component in valgus and to a lesser extent also in neutral knees when compared with functional alignment.Level of evidenceIV.
Formulation and demonstrations of three-dimensional background-oriented schlieren using a mirror for near-wall density measurements
Authors: Akamine Masahito , Teramoto Susumu , Okamoto Koji 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThree-dimensional background-oriented schlieren (3D-BOS) is an effective method for reconstructing 3D density fields from optically measured data, but it has limitations in measuring near-wall regions, where most of the light paths are blocked. This paper proposes a new extension, 3D-BOS using Mirror, which uses a wall as a mirror to provide sufficient light paths. In this paper, first, the conventional formulations are modified for the proposed method to handle the mirror reflections of the light paths. Subsequently, the proposed method is validated using artificially generated model data of an ideal axisymmetric distribution. The proposed method can reconstruct the distribution as accurately as the conventional method for all the number of cameras examined. Finally, the proposed method is experimentally demonstrated using a candle plume. The proposed method can capture cylindrical low-density regions near the wall surface.
Graphical abstract
General classification of rhinopaties: the need for standardization according to etiology and nasal cytology
Authors: Gelardi M. , Fiore V. , Giancaspro R. , Di Canio F. M. , Fiorentino C. , Patruno S. , Ruzza A. , Cassano M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Rhinitis is as an inflammation of the nasal mucosa, characterized by high prevalence, widespread morbidity, and a significant financial burden on health care systems. Nevertheless, it is often considered as no more than a mere annoyance. This point of view has progressively led to underestimate and trivialize the disease. Therefore, there are numerous, mostly overlapping classifications of rhinopaties, but clear and standardized guidelines for diagnosis and treatment are still lacking. In the context of Precision Medicine, the development of a classification system focused on the endotypes of rhinitis to be widely adopted appears of utmost importance, also by virtue of study of the nasal immunophlogosis that, thanks to nasal cytology (NC), has recently allowed to better define the different forms of rhinitis, giving a new nosological dignity to several rhinopaties.

Aim
We aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding rhinitis and to propose a systematic classification of rhinitis, based on both etiology and cytological findings
Suspension-associated dislocation of the jaw in hanging
Authors: Glengarry Joanna , Beaugeois Megane , Bugeja Lyndal , Huggins Richard , O’Donnell Chris 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHanging is a common type of death, and the role of the medical investigation of such deaths by a forensic pathologist not only requires the determination of the cause of death but providing information to assist in the determination of the manner of death. The forensic pathologist should be well versed in the spectrum of injuries known to be associated with neck compression, to document injuries known to be associated with hanging, but also to identify those that are inconsistent with self-inflicted hanging or that may suggest the involvement of a third party in the death. Comprehensive identification and correct interpretation of external and internal injury are crucial for the appropriate degree of police and coroner/medical examiner investigation. We present two cases of deaths believed to be caused by self-inflicted hanging that were observed to have unexpected unilateral dislocation of the temporomandibular joint identified on routine post-mortem computed tomography, without any evidence of involvement of a third party. This injury was unexplained and had not been previously observed at our Forensic Institute nor was it identified after a review of the published biomedical research literature. Issues regarding the cause of this abnormality, possible mechanisms, and the medicolegal significance of this finding will be discussed.
Measuring cognitive impairment and monitoring cognitive decline in Huntington’s disease: a comparison of assessment instruments
Authors: Horta-Barba Andrea , Martinez-Horta Saul , Pérez-Pérez Jesús , Puig-Davi Arnau , de Lucia Natascia , de Michele Giuseppe , Salvatore Elena , Kehrer Stefanie , Priller Josef , Migliore Simone , Squitieri Ferdinando , Castaldo Anna , Mariotti Caterina , Mañanes Veronica , Lopez-Sendon Jose Luis , Rodriguez Noelia , Martinez-Descals Asunción , Júlio Filipa , Januário Cristina , Delussi Marianna , de Tommaso Marina , Noguera Sandra , Ruiz-Idiago Jesús , Sitek Emilia J. , Wallner Renata , Nuzzi Angela , Pagonabarraga Javier , Kulisevsky Jaime ,   the Cognitive Phenotype Working Group of the European Huntington’s Disease Network
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Progressive cognitive decline is an inevitable feature of Huntington’s disease (HD) but specific criteria and instruments are still insufficiently developed to reliably classify patients into categories of cognitive severity and to monitor the progression of cognitive impairment.

Methods
We collected data from a cohort of 180 positive gene-carriers: 33 with premanifest HD and 147 with manifest HD. Using a specifically developed gold-standard for cognitive status we classified participants into those with normal cognition, those with mild cognitive impairment, and those with dementia. We administered the Parkinson’s Disease-Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CRS), the MMSE and the UHDRS cogscore at baseline, and at 6-month and 12-month follow-up visits. Cutoff scores discriminating between the three cognitive categories were calculated for each instrument. For each cognitive group and instrument we addressed cognitive progression, sensitivity to change, and the minimally clinical important difference corresponding to conversion from one category to another.

Results
The PD-CRS cutoff scores for MCI and dementia showed excellent sensitivity and specificity ratios that were not achieved with the other instruments. Throughout follow-up, in all cognitive groups, PD-CRS captured the rate of conversion from one cognitive category to another and also the different patterns in terms of cognitive trajectories.

Conclusion
The PD-CRS is a valid and reliable instrument to capture MCI and dementia syndromes in HD. It captures the different trajectories of cognitive progression as a function of cognitive status and shows sensitivity to change in MCI and dementia.
Programmed death-ligand 1 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) – low TIL density may predict poorer long-term prognosis in T1 laryngeal cancer
Authors: Pakkanen Pihla , Ilmarinen Taru , Halme Elina , Irjala Heikki , Koivunen Petri , Pukkila Matti , Ventelä Sami , Almangush Alhadi , Birkman Eva-Maria , Lindgren Outi , Pohjolainen Virva , Sjöblom Nelli , Haglund Caj , Hagström Jaana , Aaltonen Leena-Maija 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe evaluated the prognostic role of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in T1 glottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). T1 glottic LSCC patients (n = 174) treated at five Finnish university hospitals between 2003 and 2013 were included. Tissue microarray (TMA) blocks were used for PD-L1 immunohistochemistry. TILs were scored from intratumoral and stromal regions in whole tissue sections. Of 174 patients, 92 (53%) had negative, 66 (38%) intermediate, and 16 (9%) high PD-L1 levels. Of 80 patients whose TILs were analyzed, 50 (63%) had low and 30 (38%) high stromal TIL density. Patients with a local recurrence or a new primary tumor of the larynx had lower TIL density than had other patients (p = 0.047). High PD-L1 expression with low stromal TIL density was associated with inferior 5-year disease-specific survival (85% vs. 100%, p = 0.02). In conclusion, in patients treated for T1 glottic LSCC, low stromal TIL density was associated with local recurrences and new primary tumors of the larynx. High PD-L1 expression with low stromal TIL density may be associated with worse survival in T1 glottic LSCC.
A randomized controlled trial of a home-based computerized executive function intervention for children with cerebral palsy
Authors: García-Galant María , Blasco Montse , Laporta-Hoyos Olga , Berenguer-González Alba , Moral-Salicrú Paula , Ballester-Plané Júlia , Caldú Xavier , Miralbell Júlia , Alonso Xènia , Medina-Cantillo Julita , Povedano-Bulló Elsa , Leiva David , Boyd Roslyn N. , Pueyo Roser 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChildren with cerebral palsy (CP) often show executive function (EF) impairments that are key to quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess whether a home-based computerized intervention program improves executive functions (EFs) compared to usual care. Sixty participants (30 females) with CP (8–12 years old) were paired by age, sex, motor ability, and intelligence quotient score and then randomized to intervention and waitlist control groups. The intervention group received a 12-week home-based computerized EF intervention (5 days/week, 30 min/day, total dose 30 h). Core and higher-order EFs were assessed before, immediately after, and 9 months after completing the intervention. The intervention group performed better than the waitlist control group in the three core EFs (immediately and 9 months after the intervention): inhibitory control (F = 7.58, p = 0.13 and F = 7.85, p = 0.12), working memory (F = 8.34, p = 0.14 and F = 7.55, p = 0.13), and cognitive flexibility (F = 4.87, p = 0.09 and F = 4.19, p = 0.08). No differences were found between the groups in higher-order EFs or EF manifestations in daily life.Conclusions: A home-based computerized EF intervention improved core EFs in children with CP, but further research is needed to identify strategies that allow the transfer of these improvements to everyday life.Trial registration: NCT04025749 retrospectively registered on 19 July 2019.

What is Known:• One in two children with cerebral palsy has an intellectual impairment. Visual perception and executive functions are the most reported specific cognitive deficits.• The majority of interventions for cerebral palsy focus on motor impairments, but only a few randomized controlled trials have explored the effect of interventions on executive functions.

What is New:• A home-based computerized cognitive intervention can improve the core executive functions of children with cerebral palsy.• Short- and long-term effects on core executive functions have been found.
Recent evolution of flowering time across multiple European plant species correlates with changes in aridity
Authors: Rauschkolb Robert , Durka Walter , Godefroid Sandrine , Dixon Lara , Bossdorf Oliver , Ensslin Andreas , Scheepens J. F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOngoing global warming and increasing drought frequencies impact plant populations and potentially drive rapid evolutionary adaptations. Historical comparisons, where plants grown from seeds collected in the past are compared to plants grown from freshly collected seeds from populations of the same sites, are a powerful method to investigate recent evolutionary changes across many taxa. We used 21–38 years old seeds of 13 European plant species, stored in seed banks and originating from Mediterranean and temperate regions, together with recently collected seeds from the same sites for a greenhouse experiment to investigate shifts in flowering phenology as a potential result of adaptive evolution to changes in drought intensities over the last decades. We further used single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to quantify relatedness and levels of genetic variation. We found that, across species, current populations grew faster and advanced their flowering. These shifts were correlated with changes in aridity at the population origins, suggesting that increased drought induced evolution of earlier flowering, whereas decreased drought lead to weak or inverse shifts in flowering phenology. In five out of the 13 species, however, the SNP markers detected strong differences in genetic variation and relatedness between the past and current populations collected, indicating that other evolutionary processes may have contributed to changes in phenotypes. Our results suggest that changes in aridity may have influenced the evolutionary trajectories of many plant species in different regions of Europe, and that flowering phenology may be one of the key traits that is rapidly evolving.
Defensive tolerance to parasitism is correlated with sexual selection in swallows
Authors: Soler Juan José , Møller Anders Pape 
Published: July 2023

AbstractParasite-mediated sexual selection has been the topic of extensive research and enthusiastic debate for more than three decades. Here, we suggest that secondary sexual characters may not only signal parasite resistance but also defensive tolerance. We exemplify this possibility by analysing information on two sexually selected traits, annual reproductive success, and ectoparasitism in a barn swallow Hirundo rustica population followed for more than 30 years. For each individual, we estimated the slope of the association between reproductive success and parasitism as an index of tolerance and subsequently explored the association with the expression of the sexually selected traits. In accordance with expectations of parasites playing a role in sexual selection, tail length was negatively related to load of chewing lice and nest size was positively related to tolerance to chewing lice. We discuss the importance of considering defensive tolerance for understanding the role of parasite-mediated sexual selection.
Relevance of charge interactions for contaminant transport in heterogeneous formations: a stochastic analysis
Authors: Muniruzzaman Muhammad , Rolle Massimo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe electrostatic properties of clay (or other charged) mineral surfaces play a significant role in the fate, transport, persistence, and remediation of subsurface contaminant plumes. This study presents a stochastic assessment of the impact and relevance of microscale electrostatic effects on macroscopic, field-scale contaminant transport in heterogeneous groundwater systems involving spatially distributed clay zones. We present Monte Carlo simulations in two-dimensional heterogeneous fields, comprising heterogeneous distributions of physical (i.e., hydraulic conductivity, porosity, tortuosity) and electrostatic (i.e., surface charge) properties, and compare scenarios with different combination and extent of physical and electrostatic processes. The simulations were performed with the multi-continua based reactive transport code, MMIT-Clay, and considering an explicit treatment of the diffuse layer processes. The results reveal that the microscopic electrostatic mechanisms within clay’s diffuse layer can significantly accelerate or retard a particular contaminant depending on its charge, leading to considerably different solute breakthroughs and mass loading/release behaviors in low permeability inclusions. Furthermore, we show that such variations in the macroscale transport behavior, solely driven by charge interactions, are statistically significant over the ensembles of Monte Carlo realizations. The simulations also demonstrate that the omission of electrostatic processes, which is still a common practice in subsurface hydrology, can lead to substantial over- or underestimation of contaminant migration.
Comparing the factor structures and reliabilities of the EPDS and the PHQ-9 for screening antepartum and postpartum depression: a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis
Authors: Stefana Alberto , Langfus Joshua A. , Palumbo Gabriella , Cena Loredana , Trainini Alice , Gigantesco Antonella , Mirabella Fiorino 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo evaluate and compare the factor structure and reliability of EPDS and PHQ in antepartum and postpartum samples. Parallel analysis and exploratory factor analysis were conducted to determine the structure of both scales in the entire sample as well as in the antepartum and postpartum groups. McDonald’s omega statistics examined the utility of treating items as a single scale versus multiple factors. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MCFA) was utilized to test the measurement invariance between the antepartum and postpartum groups. Two-factor models fit best for the EPDS in both the antepartum and postpartum groups; however, the most reliable score variance was attributable to a general factor for each scale. MCFA provided evidence of weak invariance across groups regarding factor loadings and partial invariance regarding item thresholds. PHQ-9 showed a two-factor model in the antepartum group; however, the same model did not fit well in the postpartum group. EPDS should be preferred to PHQ-9 for measuring depressive symptoms in peripartum populations. Both scales should be used as a single-factor scale. Caution is required when comparing the antepartum and postpartum scores.
Drug-CoV: a drug-origin knowledge graph discovering drug repurposing targeting COVID-19
Authors: Li Sirui , Wong Kok Wai , Zhu Dengya , Fung Chun Che 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDrug repurposing is a technique for probing new usages of existing medicines, but its traditional methods, such as computational approaches, can be time-consuming and laborious. Recently, knowledge graphs (KGs) have emerged as a powerful approach for graph-based representation in drug repurposing, encoding entities and relations to predict new connections and facilitate drug discovery. As COVID-19 has become a major public health concern, it is critical to establish an appropriate COVID-19 KG for drug repurposing to combat the spread of the virus. However, most publicly available COVID-19 KGs lack support for multi-relations and comprehensive entity types. Moreover, none of them originates from COVID-19-related drugs, making it challenging to identify effective treatments. To tackle these issues, we developed Drug-CoV, a drug-origin and multi-relational COVID-19 KG. We evaluated the quality of Drug-CoV by performing link prediction and comparing the results to another publicly available COVID-19 KG. Our results showed that Drug-CoV outperformed the comparing KG in predicting new links between entities. Overall, Drug-CoV represents a valuable resource for COVID-19 drug repurposing efforts and demonstrates the potential of KGs for facilitating drug discovery.
Generating missing patient anatomy from partially acquired cone-beam computed tomography images using deep learning: a proof of concept
Authors: Shields Benjamin , Ramachandran Prabhakar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe patient setup technique currently in practice in most radiotherapy departments utilises on-couch cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. Patients are positioned on the treatment couch using visual markers, followed by fine adjustments to the treatment couch position depending on the shift observed between the computed tomography (CT) image acquired for treatment planning and the CBCT image acquired immediately before commencing treatment. The field of view of CBCT images is limited to the size of the kV imager which leads to the acquisition of partial CBCT scans for lateralised tumors. The cone-beam geometry results in high amounts of streaking artifacts and in conjunction with limited anatomical information reduces the registration accuracy between planning CT and the CBCT image. This study proposes a methodology that can improve radiotherapy patient setup CBCT images by removing streaking artifacts and generating the missing patient anatomy with patient-specific precision. This research was split into two separate studies. In Study A, synthetic CBCT (sCBCT) data was created and used to train two machine learning models, one for removing streaking artifacts and the other for generating the missing patient anatomy. In Study B, planning CT and on-couch CBCT data from several patients was used to train a base model, from which a transfer of learning was performed using imagery from a single patient, producing a patient-specific model. The models developed for Study A performed well at removing streaking artifacts and generating the missing anatomy. The outputs yielded in Study B show that the model understands the individual patient and can generate the missing anatomy from partial CBCT datasets. The outputs generated demonstrate that there is utility in the proposed methodology which could improve the patient setup and ultimately lead to improving overall treatment quality.