bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substance use disorders among adults during imprisonment in a medium security prison: Prevalence and risk indicators
Authors: Donnir Gordon M. , Asare‐Doku Winifred , Boakye Kofi E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundResearch shows that the prevalence of substance use disorders among the prison population is high globally. Although prisons are highly controlled environments, access to drugs and other substances in prison remains a major problem. Yet, previous research is focussed mainly on the Western context, with the studies generally reporting on lifetime prevalence without reference to whether the disorders are manifest even within the controlled environment.AimsTo estimate the prevalence of substance use disorders evident while in prison in Ghana and associated risk indicators. For these purposes, substance use disorder was defined by any indication of dependency, or escalating use or socially problematic use during the 12 months of imprisonment prior to the interview.MethodsThe study involved 500 adults (443 men and 57 women) in a medium‐security prison in Ghana who had served at least 1 year of a prison sentence. Participants' alcohol use disorder was assessed separately from other substance use disorders which included cannabis, cocaine and other stimulants using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI); it is a structured interview and diagnostic tool for major psychiatric and substance use disorders in DSM‐5 and ICD‐10.ResultsTwo percent of the 500 participants had used alcohol to the level of alcohol use disorder, and 6% had other substance use disorders in 12 months prior to interview and while in prison. Cannabis (4%) and stimulants (3%) were the most frequently reported substance use disorders. Logistic regression model estimates indicate that younger age, prior offending and alcohol use dependence were significantly associated with such disorders in prison.ConclusionIn spite of efforts to prevent substance use in prison, nearly one in 10 of these prisoners were using alcohol or illicit drugs to a level indicative of substance use disorders. Our findings suggest that prioritising brief assessment may help identify those in most need of clinical help to limit their alcohol and illicit substance use problems.
Do kafirin bioplastic materials have unique functional characteristics?
Authors: Taylor John R. N. , Taylor Janet 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThere is considerable interest in kafirin, sorghum prolamin, as a bioplastic material because it apparently produces bioplastics with superior functional properties. This review evaluates the evidence, focussing on research directly comparing the properties of kafirin bioplastics (films and elastomers) with those from zein and gluten.FindingsKafirin and zein are more hydrophobic than gluten but there is little difference in hydrophobicity between them. Kafirin and zein films have better moisture barrier properties than gluten films. Films made from total kafirin (α‐, β‐, and γ‐kafirins) are stronger and take up less moisture than films from commercial zein (essentially α‐zein). However, total kafirin‐ and total zein films have similar moisture uptake. Also, there is little difference in oxygen barrier properties between total kafirin‐ and commercial zein films. Total kafirin elastomers have better elastic recovery than commercial‐ and total zein elastomers and similar elastic recovery to gluten.ConclusionsThe better functional properties of kafirin bioplastics compared to commercial zein bioplastics seems to be largely due to the greater disulfide bonded polymerization of kafirin polypeptides, involving the cysteine‐rich β‐ and γ‐kafirin classes.Significance and NoveltyThis work should stimulate research into disulfide‐bonded polymerization of prolamins to improve their bioplastic functionality.
Bi‐Reforming of Biogas for Hydrogen Production with Sulfur‐Resistant Multimetallic Catalyst
Authors: Poggio-Fraccari Eduardo , Mariño Fernando , Herrera Concepción , Larrubia-Vargas María Ángeles , Alemany Luis 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA multimetallic sample, NiCeSnRh/Al2O3, was tested in methane reforming with a CH4:H2O:CO2 molar ratio equal to 3:2:1. A very stable methane conversion with the time‐on‐stream was achieved during 20 h. Dimethyl sulfide served as a model sulfur molecule and a sulfurized sample was also tested. This achieved slightly lower conversion with a stable performance for more than 10 h and a minor but continuous decrease of its activity, after this period. The carbon dioxide conversion was always higher than the methane conversion in agreement with the lower H2/CO ratio observed with respect to the theoretical value, 2/1, indicating the sulfur might block the active sites for H2O activation. The analysis of the used catalysts showed graphitic and disordered carbon deposits.
Mechanoresponsive Metal‐Organic Cage‐Crosslinked Polymer Hydrogels
Authors: Küng Robin , Germann Anne , Krüsmann Marcel , Niggemann Louisa P. , Meisner Jan , Karg Matthias , Göstl Robert , Schmidt Bernd M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe report the formation of metal‐organic cage‐crosslinked polymer hydrogels. To enable crosslinking of the cages and subsequent network formation, we used homodifunctionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains terminally substituted with bipyridines as ligands for the Pd6L4 corners. The encapsulation of guest molecules into supramolecular self‐assembled metal‐organic cage‐crosslinked hydrogels, as well as ultrasound‐induced disassembly of the cages with release of their cargo, is presented in addition to their characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, rheology, and comprehensive small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) experiments. The constrained geometries simulating external force (CoGEF) method and barriers using a force‐modified potential energy surface (FMPES) suggest that the cage‐opening mechanism starts with the dissociation of one pyridine ligand at around 0.5 nN. We show the efficient sonochemical activation of the hydrogels HG3–6, increasing the non‐covalent guest‐loading of completely unmodified drugs available for release by a factor of ten in comparison to non‐crosslinked, star‐shaped assemblies in solution.
Prediction of survival with lower intensity therapy among older patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Sasaki Koji , Ravandi Farhad , Kadia Tapan M. , Borthakur Gautam , Short Nicholas J. , Jain Nitin , Daver Naval G. , Jabbour Elias J. , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Loghavi Sanam , Patel Keyur P. , Montalban‐Bravo Guillermo , Masarova Lucia , DiNardo Courtney D. , Kantarjian Hagop M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to develop a prognostic model for survival in older/unfit patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who were treated with lower‐intensity chemotherapy regimens.MethodsThe authors reviewed all older/unfit patients with newly diagnosed AML who received lower‐intensity chemotherapy from 2000 until 2020 at their institution. A total of 1462 patients were included. They were divided (3:1 basis) into a training (n = 1088) and a validation group (n = 374).ResultsIn the training cohort of 1088 patients (median age, 72 years), the multivariate analysis identified 11 consistent independent adverse factors associated with survival: older age, therapy‐related myeloid neoplasm, existence of previous myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative neoplasms, poor performance status, pulmonary comorbidity, anemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, cytogenetic abnormalities, and the presence of infection at diagnosis, and therapy not containing venetoclax. The 3‐year survival rates were 52%, 24%, 10%, and 1% in favorable, intermediate, poor, and very poor risk, respectively. This survival model was validated in an independent cohort. In a subset of patients in whom molecular mutation profiles were performed in more recent times, adding the mutation profiles after accounting for the effects of previous factors identified IDH2 (favorable), NPM1 (favorable), and TP53 (unfavorable) mutations as molecular prognostic factors.ConclusionThe proposed survival model with lower‐intensity chemotherapy in older/unfit patients with newly diagnosed AML may help to advise patients on their expected outcome, to propose different strategies in first complete remission, and to compare the results of different existing or future investigational therapies.Plain Language Summary

Lower intensity therapy can be considered for older patients to avoid severe toxicities and adverse events.

However, survival prediction in AML was commonly developed in patients who received intensive chemotherapy.

In this study, we have proposed a survival model to guide therapeutic approach in older patients who received lower‐intensity therapy.
Enhanced Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion Luminescence through Conformational Restriction Based on Donor–Acceptor–Heavy Atom Molecules
Authors: Lee Jae Moon , Park Jeong‐Min , Yoon Jun ho , Kim Jae‐Hyuk , Kim Jae Pil 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDesigning optimized systems for triplet‐triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA‐UC) with high UC emission efficiency at low power densities remains challenging. To improve the lifetime of triplet photosensitizers for TTA‐UC, donor‐acceptor‐heavy atoms were used to synthesize rotationally restricted PY‐MBD‐BR and unrestricted PY‐BD‐BR photosensitizers. The singlet oxygen quantum yields of both photosensitizers was ≈0.60 due to their structural similarity, except for the degree of rotation between the donor and acceptor. The triplet lifetime of PY‐BD‐BR and PY‐MBD‐BR was 352 μs and 1,503 μs, respectively. The latter may be among the highest reported for BODIPY photosensitizers. The prolonged triplet lifetime enabled excellent green‐to‐blue upconversion emission of PY‐MBD‐BR, with a high upconversion emission efficiency (ηUC) of 8.8 % and low threshold intensity (Ith) of 90 mW/cm2 compared to PY‐BD‐Br (low ηUC of 4.0 % and high Ith of 381 mW/cm2). The rigid molecular design of triplet photosensitizers based on donor‐acceptor‐heavy atom systems has potential for efficient TTA‐UC.
N‐Doped Carbon Shells Encapsulated Ru‐Ni Nanoalloys for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Shuang , Li Zhengrong , Shen Tao , Wang Deli 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of great significance for the large‐scale green H2 production. Currently, pressing challenges in the fabrication of cost‐effective HER electrocatalysts are related to their sluggish water dissociation kinetics. Herein, a facile strategy to accelerate the desorption of HER intermediates and water dissociation is proposed. RuNi nanoalloy confined within N‐doped carbon shells (Ru7Ni3@NC/C) with optimized Ru/Ni ratio and the dicyandiamide dosage was prepared. It displays an overpotential (η10) of 16 mV, Tafel slope of 29.9 mV dec−1, and long‐term stability over 10 000 cycles. The decent HER performance on Ru7Ni3@NC/C stems from the core‐shell structure that is favoring the exposure of dispersed active sites, and the synergistic effect to promote water capture and dissociation. This work provides insight into the relationship between the HER performance and the electrochemical behavior of the intermediate adsorbed state, and paves an avenue toward rational design efficient electrocatalysts for HER.
Selectively Permeable FeOOH Amorphous Layer Coating CdS for Enhancing Photocatalytic Conversion of Benzyl Alcohol and Selectivity to Benzaldehyde
Authors: Li Yan , Guo Yingxin , Pan Chengsi , Wang Guangli , Zhao Hui , Dong Yuming , Zhu Yongfa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe development of new strategies to improve reaction efficiency and light utilization is one of the biggest challenges in photosynthetic chemistry. Dynamics control, particularly tuning the adsorption/desorption of reactants and products, is an ideal way to improve the conversion and selectivity in catalytic reactions, but it is rarely studied for photocatalytic organic synthesis. This study concerns the design of an amorphous FeOOH coating to decorate CdS photocatalyst to control the adsorption and desorption of reactants and products to improve reaction efficiency for the photocatalytic conversion of benzyl alcohol (BA) into benzaldehyde (BAD). The best conversion of the core–shell photocatalyst is 74.1 % in 2 h, together with >99.9 % selectivity to BAD, and the photocatalyst exhibits response above 600 nm, which is the longest active wavelength reported for the reaction. Further data illustrate that the amorphous FeOOH coating enables selective sorption of BA/BAD molecules by H‐bonding interactions, which may result in the excellent performance. Construction of amorphous coating layers and understanding the selective permeability may provide a new strategy for the design of more efficient photocatalytic systems for organic synthesis.
Passive realization of the fractional‐order capacitor based on fractional‐order inductor and its application
Authors: Hao Chunling , Wang Faqiang 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThis paper investigates a new implementation of a passive fractional‐order capacitor (FOC) based on a single‐component fractional‐order inductor (FOI). The significance of this approach lies in providing the fractional‐order passive circuit to synthesize an FOC, which avoids the approximation that only depends on the integer‐order transfer function and reflects truly the infinite‐dimensional nature of fractional‐order impedance characteristic. For this purpose, the realizable conditions of this passive FOC are obtained and the main ideas of the proposed method are described by examples. The sensitivity of the impedance magnitude and phase angle on required components parameters is also analyzed in order to facilitate the design of the FOC emulator. Furthermore, the bandwidth is extended by modular structures connected in series, and the proposed approach shows an improvement over some previous methods in terms of accuracy. Also, based on the fractional calculus Grünwald–Letnikov definition, a single‐component FOI circuit element is packaged to build simulation circuit in Matlab/Simulink, and the effectiveness of the proposed method are validated by simulated and experimental results. In the application of an FOC, the results from in the series–parallel fractional‐order RLCβ bandreject filter circuit indicate that the fractional‐order counterpart can reduce the ripple and improve the suppression level at a certain frequency, and the peak amplitude and the overshoot decrease initially with decreasing order. Moreover, under the fixed inductance, capacitance, and resistance, the rise time varies almost inversely with order, whereas the setting time is on the decrease as the order is decreasing.
The first documented interaction between a long‐tailed weasel (Mustela frenata) and a plains spotted skunk (Spilogale interrupta) carcass
Authors: White Kara M. , Stafford Joshua D. , Lonsinger Robert C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA novel interaction between a long‐tailed weasel (Mustela frenata) and a plains spotted skunk (Spilogale interrupta) carcass is detailed. In November 2020, a farmer in Edmunds County in north‐central South Dakota sent in a video recording of a long‐tailed weasel with a spotted skunk carcass. Location of the event, carcass condition, and recorded behavior of the long‐tailed weasel offer probable, but unconfirmed, evidence that the spotted skunk was killed by the long‐tailed weasel.
When eating disorder attitudes and cognitions persist after weight restoration: An exploratory examination of non‐cognitive responders to family‐based treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa
Authors: Egbert Amy H. , Gorrell Sasha , Smith Kathryn E. , Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Hughes Elizabeth K. , Sawyer Susan M. , Yeo Michelle , Lock James , Le Grange Daniel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveFamily‐based treatment (FBT) is a well‐established intervention for adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN). Although FBT is efficacious in promoting weight gain and improvements in psychological symptoms, for some adolescents, cognitive/attitudinal recovery lags behind weight gain. This study conducted an exploratory post hoc analysis of outcomes of adolescents who achieved weight gain by the end of FBT but continued to experience elevated psychological symptoms post‐treatment.MethodsData were drawn from two randomised controlled trials (RCTs) testing two forms of FBT (conjoint/whole family and parent‐focussed). Descriptive statistics and generalised estimating equations were used to examine differences in treatment outcomes between non‐cognitive responders (NCRs) (those who regained weight but continued to experience psychological symptoms) and full responders (FRs) (those who achieved both weight and cognitive restoration by the end of treatment) (n = 80; 83.7% female, Agemean [SD] = 14.66 [1.73]).ResultsBy 12 months post‐treatment, there were no differences in weight between NCRs and FRs. However, NCRs had a slower trajectory of weight gain than FRs and continued to have elevated levels of psychological symptoms throughout the follow‐up period.ConclusionsA subset of adolescents appear to continue to experience clinically significant levels of eating pathology up to 12 months after FBT even when weight restoration is achieved.
Forecasting term structure of the Japanese bond yields in the presence of a liquidity trap
Authors: Tsui Albert K. , Wu Junxiang , Zhang Zhaoyong , Zheng Zhongxi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Nelson–Siegel (NS) model is widely used in practice to fit the term structure of interest rates largely due to its high efficacy in the in‐sample fit and out‐of‐sample forecasting of bond yields. In this paper, we compare forecasting performances of estimated yields from the Nelson–Siegel‐based models and some simpler time series models, using the daily, weekly, and monthly data during a prolong period of liquidity trap in Japan. We find that the out‐of‐sample expanding window forecasts by NS‐based models in general perform less satisfactory than the competitor models. However, the NS‐based models can be useful in forecasting yields over longer horizons and can work well with GARCH‐type structures in modeling the conditional volatility.
Suppressor‐type TERT mutations associated with recurrence in ovarian clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Kobayashi Tatsuya , Nishikimi Kyoko , Mitsuhashi Akira , Piao Hongying , Matsuoka Ayumu , Otsuka Satoyo , Tate Shinichi , Shozu Makio , Usui Hirokazu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSeveral cancers harbor “enhancer‐type” mutations of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter for immortalization. Here, we report that 8.6% (8/93) of ovarian clear cell carcinomas (OCCCs) possess the “suppressor‐type” TERT promoter mutation. The recurrence rate of OCCCs with “suppressor‐type” TERT promoter mutations was 62.5% (5/8) and was significantly higher than that of the “unaffected‐type” with no mutation (20.8%, 15/72) or “enhancer‐type” TERT promoter mutations (7.7%, 1/13). Our findings show that the acquired suppression of TERT is closely associated with OCCC development and recurrence, indicating the need for further research on telomerase suppression in cancers.
Can the genes communicate with each other after birth? An international cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hashim Hashim Talib , Hashim Ali Talib , Nazir Abubakar , Afzaal Usama , Nazir Awais , Al‐Obaidi Ahmed Dheyaa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundVarious factors contribute to the pathogenesis of a disease. These include genetic factors, family history, and some idiopathic causes. Genetic makeup has an important role in the progression of disease. This is due to mutations in genetic material, that is, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).MethodologyThis is a cross‐sectional study that involved 5000 participants distributed across 250 countries. All the participants were randomly selected and asked to fill out the online survey. All the participants were fully informed about the study's purpose before providing their consent.ResultsThe participants were distributed among 250 countries. Their age mean (standard deviation) is 46.7 (12.4). We discovered a significant difference between those who have genetic or congenital diseases and those who have a family history of the disease. Also, there is a statistically significant difference between the recurrence of the disease and the duration of the visits of close relatives who have the same disease.ConclusionThe study suggests that there might be some ways, through gene waves or the environment, in which a gene changes the expression of other genes of similar sequence in different individuals when the required period of contact is provided. In the future, this theory might explain the idiopathic nature of some diseases.
Relapse and its mitigation: Toward behavioral inoculation
Authors: Kimball Ryan T. , Greer Brian D. , Fuhrman Ashley M. , Lambert Joseph M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRelapse following the successful treatment of problem behavior can increase the likelihood of injury and the need for more intensive care. Current research offers some predictions of how treatment procedures may contribute to relapse, and conversely, how the risk of relapse can be mitigated. This review describes relapse‐mitigation procedures with varying levels of support, the quantitative models that have influenced the research on relapse mitigation, different experimental methods for measuring relapse mitigation, and directions for future research. We propose that by viewing the implementation of relapse‐mitigation procedures as a means of producing behavioral inoculation, clinicians are placed in the proactive and intentional role of exposing their client's behavior to an array of reinforcement and stimulus conditions during treatment with the goal of decreasing the detrimental impact of future treatment challenges.
Perioperative medical emergencies: The role of clinical pharmacists and a review of pharmacotherapy considerations
Authors: Hyland Sara J. , Wolfe Rachel C. , Patel Gourang , Johnson Eric G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMedical emergencies arising in the perioperative period can have unique etiologies, medication management, and care complexities. Clinical pharmacists have established roles and demonstrated value in resuscitative efforts elsewhere within acute care settings, but very little published description of pharmacist participation in perioperative emergency response is currently available. Furthermore, specialized clinical and operational knowledge may be needed to effectively optimize medication use during a perioperative medical crisis. This narrative review offers recommended pharmacist roles, concise pharmacotherapeutic considerations, and key resources to support clinical pharmacists in all facets of perioperative medical emergency management and preparedness. Specific medical crises discussed include malignant hyperthermia, local anesthetic systemic toxicity, intraoperative cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, carcinoid crisis, pheochromocytoma, and vasoplegia. Additional pharmacy practice studies are needed to validate clinical pharmacists as essential members of perioperative emergency response teams and delineate their associated impact on patient outcomes in this setting.