bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of testicular degeneration on expression of sperm protein at 22 kDa in stallions
Authors: Miller Lynda M. J. , Woodward Elizabeth M. , Campos Juliana R. , Squires Edward L. , Troedsson Mats H. T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundSperm protein at 22 kDa has been associated with fertility.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to determine (1) the localization pattern of SP22 on ejaculated and caudal epididymal equine spermatozoa and in epididymal fluid, and to (2) characterize SP22 protein and mRNA expression in testicular and epididymal tissues in response to heat‐induced testicular degeneration.Materials and methodsSemen was collected before and after hemi‐castration, as well as prior to and following insulation of the remaining testes, and tissue specimens were collected for analysis.ResultsHistopathology confirmed degeneration in insulated testes. Ejaculated and epididymal spermatozoa from samples collected prior to insulation of the testicles had a predominant staining pattern of SP22 over the equatorial region. However, the equatorial pattern in the pre‐insulation epididymal semen samples was significantly lower than in the pre‐insulation ejaculated semen samples (68 ± 3, 81 ± 2.6, respectively). Ejaculated and epididymal samples collected after insulation of the testicles showed a complete loss of staining as the predominant pattern. Western blot analysis verified the presence of SP22 on fresh ejaculated spermatozoa prior to and following heat‐induced degeneration, on epididymal spermatozoa after testicular insulation, and in testicular and epididymal tissues. Heat insulation significantly reduced messenger RNA expression in the head of the epididymis and testicular tissues. Immunohistochemistry of the testicular and epididymal tissues pre‐heating showed considerably weaker staining than the same tissues post‐heating.Discussion and conclusionIt was concluded that heat‐induced testicular damage causes both loss and relocation of SP22 on the sperm membrane. Future studies are warranted to determine the diagnostic value of these findings.
Using population pharmacokinetic analyses of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6 to study the genotype–phenotype translation
Authors: Frederiksen Trine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is an important drug‐metabolizing enzyme exhibiting extensive interindividual variability predominantly caused by genetic polymorphism. Predicting CYP2D6 function based on genotype may be used to personalize pharmacotherapy, but the process of translating CYP2D6 genotype into predicted phenotype is complex and has suffered from a lack of consensus. The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium and Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group have proposed a standardized translation scheme based on the activity score system aiming to facilitate more consistent CYP2D6 genotype–phenotype translation. However, this system remains suboptimal particularly with regards to decreased function alleles and substrate‐specific behaviour. This review summarizes the process and challenges for functional assignment of CYP2D6 alleles. We discuss population pharmacokinetics (popPK) as a tool for estimating CYP2D6 function and present findings from three popPK meta‐analyses quantifying the impact of individual CYP2D6 alleles in the metabolism of vortioxetine, tedatioxetine and brexpiprazole. Findings from these analyses indicate that the activity values currently assigned to decreased function alleles CYP2D6*9, *17 and *41 overestimate their function. Moreover, the CYP2D6*2 allele exhibited reduced activity in the metabolism of brexpiprazole, indicating substrate‐specific behaviour. Considering the totality of the evidence, the activity score system may be further refined to better reflect the enzyme function associated with these alleles.
Sildenafil attenuates oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in lead‐induced hypertension
Authors: Caetano Ediléia Souza Paula , Mattioli Sarah Viana , da Silva Maria Luiza Santos , Martins Laisla Zanetoni , Almeida Alaor Aparecido , da Rocha Ananda Lini Vieira , Nunes Priscila Rezeck , Grandini Núbia Alves , Correa Camila Renata , Zochio Gabriela Palma , Dias‐Junior Carlos Alan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLead (Pb) reduces NO bioavailability, impairs the antioxidant system, and increases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pb‐induced oxidative stress may be responsible for the associated endothelial dysfunction. Sildenafil has shown nitric oxide (NO)‐independent action, including antioxidant effects. Therefore, we examined the effects of sildenafil on oxidative stress, reductions of NO and endothelial dysfunction in Pb‐induced hypertension. Wistar rats were distributed into three groups: Pb, Pb + sildenafil and Sham. Blood pressure and endothelium‐dependent vascular function were recorded. We also examined biochemical determinants of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant function. ROS levels, NO metabolites and NO levels in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were also evaluated. Sildenafil prevents impairment of endothelium‐dependent NO‐mediated vasodilation and attenuates Pb‐induced hypertension, reduces ROS formation, enhances superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and antioxidant capacity in plasma and increases NO metabolites in plasma and HUVECs culture supernatants, while no changes were found on measurement of NO released from HUVECs incubated with plasma of the Pb and Pb + sildenafil groups compared with the sham group. In conclusion, sildenafil protects against ROS‐mediated inactivation of NO, thus preventing endothelial dysfunction and attenuating Pb‐induced hypertension, possibly through antioxidant effects.
Regulating liminality: Making sense of the vegetative state and defining the limits of end‐of‐life action
Authors: Zulato Edoardo , Montali Lorenzo , Castro Paula 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPersistently alive but unaware, vegetative state patients are stuck in the transition between life and death – that is, in a liminal hotspot. This condition raises complex ethical and legal dilemmas concerning end‐of‐life action. Drawing on social representations (SRs) and the liminality framework, our research investigated how the vegetative state was constructed within the Italian parliamentary debates discussing end‐of‐life bills (2009–2017). We aimed to understand (1) how political groups represented the vegetative state, (2) how they legitimised different end‐of‐life bills and (3) came to terms with the issue of liminal hotspots. By dialogically analysing three debates (No. of interventions = 98), we identified six themes and discursive aims allowing parliamentarians to differently represent the vegetative state and support different courses of action. In turn, we identified new features of the psycho‐social processes generating SRs: the dialogical tensions between anchoring and de‐anchoring. Results corroborated the idea that de‐paradoxifying liminality relies on group sense‐making and, thus, different political leanings differently addressed the liminality of the vegetative state. We also reveal a novel feature of dealing with liminal hotspots informing the psycho‐social literature that applies when a decision needs to be taken, such as in the case of crafting a law: moving from the paradox.
Forces exerted and transduced by cancer‐associated fibroblasts during cancer progression
Authors: Bates Madison E. , Libring Sarah , Reinhart‐King Cynthia A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough it is well‐known that cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a key role in regulating tumor progression, the effects of mechanical tissue changes on CAFs are understudied. Myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAFs), in particular, are known to alter tumor matrix architecture and composition, heavily influencing the mechanical forces in the tumor microenvironment (TME), but much less is known about how these mechanical changes initiate and maintain the myCAF phenotype. Additionally, recent studies have pointed to the existence of CAFs in circulating tumor cell clusters, indicating that CAFs may be subject to mechanical forces beyond the primary TME. Due to their pivotal role in cancer progression, targeting CAF mechanical regulation may provide therapeutic benefit. Here, we will discuss current knowledge and summarize existing gaps in how CAFs regulate and are regulated by matrix mechanics, including through stiffness, solid and fluid stresses, and fluid shear stress.
PAX5 and circ1857 affected DLBCL progression and B‐cell proliferation through regulating GINS1
Authors: Wang Ting , Chen Zhenfa , Li Cui , Zhang Wei , Huang Wenbin , Xue Jun , Wang Jundong , Li Shufeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPAX5, a member of the paired box gene family of transcription factors, is a B‐cell‐specific activator protein that plays important roles during B lymphopoiesis. Two putative PAX5 binding sites in the human GINS1 promoter region were identified. EMSA, ChIP and luciferase assay showed that PAX5 functions as a positive transcription factor for GINS1 expression. Furthermore, coordinated expression of PAX5 and GINS1 was observed in mice B cells under physiological conditions and LPS stimulation situations. A similar pattern was also observed in human DLBCL cell lines under differentiation‐inducing conditions. In addition, both PAX5 and GINS1 were highly expressed and significantly correlated in DLBCL specimens and cell lines. These findings suggested that dysregulation of PAX5 played an extremely important role in controlling the universal phenomenon of tumor progression through increased expression of GINS1 in DLBCL. In addition, circ1857 that was generated using back splicing of PAX5 pre‐mRNA could further stabilize GINS1 mRNA, modulate GINS1 expression and promote lymphoma progression. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to demonstrate the role of GINS1 in DLBCL progression, and the mechanism of GINS1 upregulation using both circ1857 and PAX5 in DLBCL was revealed. Our results suggested that GINS1 may be a possible therapeutic target for DLBCL.
White children's prosocial behavior toward White versus Black peers: The role of children's effortful control and parents' implicit racial attitudes
Authors: Xu Xiaoye , Spinrad Tracy L. , Xiao Sonya Xinyue , Xu Jingyi , Eisenberg Nancy , Laible Deborah J. , Berger Rebecca H. , Carlo Gustavo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhite children's effortful control (EC), parents' implicit racial attitudes, and their interaction were examined as predictors of children's prosocial behavior toward White versus Black recipients. Data were collected from 171 White children (55% male, Mage = 7.13 years, SD = 0.92) and their parent in 2017. Prosocial behavior toward White peers was predicted by children's higher EC. When predicting prosocial behavior toward Black peers and prosocial disparity (the difference between White and Black recipients), parents' implicit racial attitudes moderated the relation between children's EC and children's prosocial behavior. Specifically, children's EC was positively associated with prosocial behavior toward Black peers (and negatively related to inequity in prosocial behavior) only when parents exhibited less implicit racial bias.
Optimising vitrectomy operation note coding with machine learning
Authors: Lee Yong Min , Bacchi Stephen , Sia David , Casson Robert J. , Chan WengOnn 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe accurate encoding of operation notes is essential for activity‐based funding and workforce planning. The aim of this project was to evaluate the procedural coding accuracy of vitrectomy and to develop machine learning, natural language processing (NLP) models that may assist with this task.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study involved vitrectomy operation notes between a 21‐month period at the Royal Adelaide Hospital. Coding of procedures were based on the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS)—the Australian equivalent to the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) codes used in the United States. Manual encoding was conducted for all procedures and reviewed by two vitreoretinal consultants. XGBoost, random forest and logistic regression models were developed for classification experiments. A cost‐based analysis was subsequently conducted.ResultsThere were a total of 1724 procedures with individual codes performed within 617 vitrectomy operation notes totalling $1 528 086.60 after manual review. A total of 1147 (66.5%) codes were missed in the original coding that amounted to $736 539.20 (48.2%). Our XGBoost model had the highest classification accuracy (94.6%) in the multi‐label classification for the five most common procedures. The XGBoost model was the most successful model in identifying operation notes with two or more missing codes with an AUC of 0.87 (95% CI 0.80–0.92).ConclusionsMachine learning has been successful in the classification of vitrectomy operation note encoding. We recommend a combined human and machine learning approach to clinical coding as automation may facilitate more accurate reimbursement and enable surgeons to prioritise higher quality clinical care.
Growing up with disabled parents who use personal assistance (PA support): children's views and experiences
Authors: Jones Nicola 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper focuses on the experiences of children and young people whose parents employ personal assistant(s) (PAs). It describes findings from a UK‐based qualitative doctoral research study which explored the significance, influence and meaning of the PA role in supporting family life. Ten children and young adults aged 8–28 years with lived experience were interviewed face to face as part of this study, which also explored the perspectives of disabled parents and PAs. Findings reveal that PA support can alter both the quality and nature of the parent/child relationship. The provision of personal assistance can support family life and prevent children from becoming ‘young carers’; however, it can also create tension, anxiety and even destabilise family life.
Insights into the dyeing using natural indigo (Indigofera tinctoria): Toward an environmentally friendly garment
Authors: Silva Luciana M. C. , Silva Patrícia M. dos S. , Pagnan Caroline S. , Ayres Eliane 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCurrently, the use of natural indigo dye has been treated as an alternative to overcome the environmental pollution caused by synthetic indigo. Irrespective of the indigo dye source, it must be reduced to its soluble form by using reducing agents in a suitable alkaline environment. Herein, bio‐sugars such as glucose or fructose were used for this purpose. The results revealed that when fructose was used instead of glucose, colour strength (K/S) values increased. In this work, cotton was cationised with water‐soluble chitosan. Water‐soluble chitosan in a wide pH range extends the use of chitosan in textiles, which otherwise is limited due to its poor water solubility at pH above 6.0. Colour fastness washing test was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of cotton cationisation. The performance of cationised samples was around 30% higher in comparison to non‐cationised samples. Moreover, in this article we have focused on integrating materials and design. We propose a garment, using natural indigo‐dyed cotton and a zero‐waste modelling approach, as a sustainable fashion product.
Use of orcein as an adjunct stain in the evaluation of advanced liver fibrosis
Authors: Nguyen Eric D , Ding Chien‐Kuang Cornelia , Umetsu Sarah E , Choi Won‐Tak , Ferrell Linda D , Wen Kwun Wah 
Published: May 2023

AimsAdvanced liver fibrosis can regress following the elimination of causative injuries. Trichrome (TC) stain has traditionally been used to evaluate the degree of fibrosis in liver, although it is rarely helpful in assessing quality of fibrosis (i.e. progression and regression). Orcein (OR) stain highlights established elastic fibres, but its use in examining fibrosis is not well recognised. This study assessed the potential utility of comparing OR and TC staining patterns to evaluate the quality of fibrosis in various settings of advanced fibrosis.Methods and resultsThe haematoxylin and eosin and TC stains of 65 liver resection/explant specimens with advanced fibrosis caused by different elements were reviewed. Twenty‐two cases were scored as progressive (P), 16 as indeterminate (I) and 27 as regressive (R) using TC stain based on the Beijing criteria. The OR stains confirmed 18 of 22 P cases. The remaining P cases showed either stable fibrosis or mixed P and R. Of the 27 R cases, 26 were supported by OR stain, with many showing thin perforated septa typically seen in adequately treated viral hepatitis cases. The 16 I cases showed a variety of OR staining patterns, which allowed for further subclassification than using TC stain alone. Viral hepatitis cases were enriched for regressive features (17 of 27).ConclusionsOur data demonstrated the utility of OR as an adjunctive stain to evaluate the changes in fibrosis in cases of cirrhosis.
Eosinophil‐rich variant of nodal marginal zone lymphoma: a clinicopathological study of 11 cases
Authors: Miyake Misayo , Sakata Seiji , Tsuyama Naoko , Togashi Yuki , Noguchi Masaaki , Tsukada Nobuhiro , Kumagai Takashi , Mishima Yuko , Takeuchi Kengo 
Published: May 2023

AimsTissue eosinophilia is commonly observed in T‐cell and classic Hodgkin lymphomas, but rarely in B‐cell lymphomas. Herein, we present the first report of a case series on nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL) with tissue eosinophilia.Methods and resultsAll 11 patients in this study had nodal disease at primary presentation. The mean age at diagnosis was 64 years. The mean follow‐up period was 39 months, and all patients were alive. Nine of the 11 patients (82%) showed no recurrence, but the other two patients experienced recurrence in the lymph nodes or skin. Marked eosinophilic infiltration was observed in all biopsied lymph nodes. Nine of the 11 patients had a preserved nodular architecture with expanded interfollicular areas. The other two patients showed diffuse lymphoma cell infiltration with effacement of nodal architecture. One of them was diagnosed as having diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma transformed from NMZL because large cells accounted for >50% of the lymphoma cells and formed sheet‐like patterns. Cells were positive for CD20 and BCL2 and negative for CD5, CD10, and BCL6. Some patients showed myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) positivity. All patients showed B‐cell monoclonality via flow cytometry, southern blotting, and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ConclusionAll patients showed distinctive morphological features and could be misdiagnosed with peripheral T‐cell lymphoma due to their eosinophil‐rich backgrounds. The predominance of B cells, absence of histiocytes, and high endothelial venules in the interfollicular areas are key factors for diagnosis. B‐cell monoclonality is the most reliable evidence of differentiation. We designated this type of lymphoma as an eosinophil‐rich variant of NMZL.
Effect of intracanal cryotherapy on the inflammatory cytokine, proteolytic enzyme levels and post‐operative pain in teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Keskin C. , Aksoy A. , Kalyoncuoğlu E. , Keleş A. , İlik A. Arkan , Kömeç O. , Yüzgüleç E. , Akgün H. , Alak S. G. , Tokur O. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the changes in the biomarker levels related to inflammation and tissue destruction in the periapical exudate of mandibular pre‐molar teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis after receiving intracanal cryotherapy, to compare cryotherapy and control groups in terms of analgesic intake, interappointment, and post‐operative pain and evaluate the correlation between biomarker levels and interappointment pain.MethodologyMandibular pre‐molar teeth of 44 patients aged 18–35 years, diagnosed with asymptomatic apical periodontitis, were root canal treated in two visits (registered as NCT04798144). Baseline periapical exudate samples were obtained, and the patients were assigned to either control or intracanal cryotherapy group according to the final irrigation with distilled water either at room temperature or 2.5°C. The canals were dressed with calcium hydroxide. In the second visit, the calcium hydroxide was removed with passive ultrasonic irrigation, and the periapical exudate was sampled again. IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α, PGE2and MMP‐8 levels were determined with ELISA. Post‐operative pain levels were recorded for 6 days following both visits using a visual analogue scale. Data were analysed usingt‐test, the Mann–WhitneyUtest and correlation tests.ResultsThere was a significant correlation between the pain scores reported after first visit and IL‐1β and PGE2levels (p < .05). IL‐1β, IL‐2 and IL‐6 levels showed no significant difference in the cryotherapy group (p > .05), while they significantly increased in the control group (p < .05). There was a decrease in IL‐8, TNF‐α, PGE2and MMP‐8 levels, however, the difference was not significant (p > .05). Pain scores were significantly lower in the cryotherapy group for the first 3 days (p < .05), except for 24th hours (p > .05).ConclusionsThe positive correlation between interappointment pain and IL‐1β and PGE2levels might indicate that these biomarker levels can be used to predict the severity of post‐operative pain. Intracanal cryotherapy was effective in reducing post‐operative pain in the short term in teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Cryotherapy prevented an increase in IL‐1β, IL‐2 and IL‐6 levels compared with the control group.
Matching audio/video app features with young user preferences: An integrated approach
Authors: Lin Chin‐Feng , Fu Chen‐Su , Wu Chi‐Yun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAudio/video mobile applications (apps) enable people to engage in leisure activities without time and space restrictions, which gradually changed human leisure behaviours. This study is one of the first to integrate means‐end chain theory, Kano and conjoint analyses to reveal young user preferences for entertainment audio/video mobile apps. A preliminary qualitative survey with 36 young interviewees established the questionnaire items in the subsequent survey of 389 young respondents. Results show that ‘subtitle choice’, ‘resolution selection’, ‘top ranking list’ and ‘advertising mode and format’ are key attributes that directly influence young user willingness to download apps. In particular, ‘flashing banner ads’, ‘resolution ≤ 480 ppi’, ‘5 seconds to skip ads’, providing ‘subtitle choice’ and without ‘top ranking list’ is the best combination of attribute levels of audio/video apps that meet young users' desires. That is, young users prefer mobile apps with ‘resolution ≤ 480 ppi’ and ‘subtitle’ choices and expect that they can skip flashing banner ads in 5 s. Providing a top audio/video ranking list, however, is unnecessary for young app users. The findings can help marketers and app designers develop effective app designs and advertising strategies for young users to expedite the adoption of entertainment audio/video apps.
Audit of clinical follow‐up and complications after acute pulmonary embolism in an Australian Metropolitan Health Service
Authors: Agwan Sushil , Mansour Ibrahim , Nedunchezhian Ishvar , Upasena Shane , Shinwarie Malwand , Sriram Krishna B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe explored post–pulmonary embolism (post‐PE) follow‐up at a large Australian regional city hospital health service. Over a 12‐month period, we identified 195 (49% male) patients with a median age of 62 years. Post‐PE follow‐up was not organised for 23 patients and delayed for seven patients. Post‐PE complication occurred in 21% of all patients reviewed in the clinic after discharge. Follow‐up imaging was arranged in 28% of patients. To deliver high‐quality care, we recommend implementing a local post‐PE follow‐up pathway, which balances individual physician preference with available resources and expert recommendations.