bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zum Zusammenspiel von fachbezogenem und sprachlichem Lernen
Authors: Michalak Magdalena , Feigenspan Katja 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungSprachliche Bildung und Förderung gelten als Aufgabe aller Unterrichtsfächer. Dies kann jedoch nur dann in allen Fächern gelingen, wenn die Lehr-Lern-Prozesse verzahnt aus fach- und sprachdidaktischer Perspektive betrachtet werden bzw. wenn die Sprachbildung fachlich treffsicher ausgestaltet wird. Der Beitrag knüpft hier an und zeigt Bezüge zwischen fachlichem und sprachlichem Lernen am Beispiel der naturwissenschaftlichen Perspektive des Sachunterrichts auf. Präsentiert werden drei didaktische Annahmen für den sprachbewussten Unterricht, die im Kontext aktueller fachdidaktischer und spracherwerbstheoretischer Erkenntnisse diskutiert und an biologischen Themen konkretisiert werden.
A current mode instrumentation amplifier with high common-mode rejection ratio designed using a novel fully differential second-generation current conveyor
Authors: Ahmadi Soma , Mahmoudi Azad , Maddipatla Dinesh , Bazuin Bradley J. , Azhari Seyed Javad , Atashbar Massood Z. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study presents a high common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR), and high power-supply rejection ratio (PSRR) current-mode instrumentation amplifier (CMIA) to overcome the limitations of existing differential voltage second-generation current conveyors (DVCCII)-based CMIAs in achieving high CMRR. The design is based on a fully differential second-generation current conveyor block with a novel circuit design following by a current subtracting stage. The CMIA is designed and laid out in 130 nm CMOS technology operating under ± 1.2 V supply voltage in Cadence software. The post-layout simulation results show that the CMIA achieves low-frequency voltage and current CMRR- BW of 228.8 dB–10 kHz and 246 dB–10.6 kHz, respectively, with PSRR + /PSRR- of 108.2 dB/99.7 dB, power consumption of 507 µW, and a core area of 0.0015 mm2. The unique quality of the circuit is that, it does not need well-matched active blocks, but inherently improves CMRR, bandwidth, and PSRR; hence it gains an excellent choice for integration.
Emergency general surgery organization influences morbidity and mortality
Authors: Vallicelli Carlo , Agnoletti Vanni , Bova Raffaele , Coccolini Federico , Ansaloni Luca , Catena Rodolfo , Sartelli Massimo , Bravi Francesca , Catena Fausto 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe concept and the role of emergency general surgery (EGS) has progressively evolved over the last decades, and dedicated pathways are required for EGS, similarly to what has already been established for trauma. EGS patients, together with trauma patients, represent 20% of inpatient population in the USA, and 25% of inpatient costs. These patients have a high rate of health care utilization, higher mortality rates and longer hospital stay. International guidelines and current evidences show that organizational models improve the outcome of the patients in the EGS setting. The cornerstones of a structured and effective EGS organizational model are surgical expertise, quick decision making, organizational performance and clinical competence. There is a strong need for dedicated and “subspecialist” emergency surgeons. At the same time, emergency surgeons should be inserted in an effective system with the ability to be continuously enhanced and improved. The organization of such a dedicated system will improve the level of competence in the management of surgical emergency, guaranteeing to a vast amount of population an emergency surgical service with high skills, knowledge and a guidelines-guided treatment.
Variable ranking and selection with random forest for unbalanced data
Authors: Bradter Ute , Altringham John D. , Kunin William E. , Thom Tim J. , O’Connell Jerome , Benton Tim G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhen one or several classes are much less prevalent than another class (unbalanced data), class error rates and variable importances of the machine learning algorithm random forest can be biased, particularly when sample sizes are smaller, imbalance levels higher, and effect sizes of important variables smaller. Using simulated data varying in size, imbalance level, number of true variables, their effect sizes, and the strength of multicollinearity between covariates, we evaluated how eight versions of random forest ranked and selected true variables out of a large number of covariates despite class imbalance. The version that calculated variable importance based on the area under the curve (AUC) was least adversely affected by class imbalance. For the same number of true variables, effect sizes, and multicollinearity between covariates, the AUC variable importance ranked true variables still highly at the lower sample sizes and higher imbalance levels at which the other seven versions no longer achieved high ranks for true variables. Conversely, using the Hellinger distance to split trees or downsampling the majority class already ranked true variables lower and more variably at the larger sample sizes and lower imbalance levels at which the other algorithms still ranked true variables highly. In variable selection, a higher proportion of true variables were identified when covariates were ranked by AUC importances and the proportion increased further when the AUC was used as the criterion in forward variable selection. In three case studies, known species–habitat relationships and their spatial scales were identified despite unbalanced data.
Convicts and the Cultural Significance of Tattooing in Nineteenth-Century Britain
Authors: Alker Zoe , Shoemaker Robert 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article is based on a unique dataset of 75,448 written descriptions of tattoos on British criminal convicts who were either transported or imprisoned during the period from 1791 to 1925. Combining both quantitative evidence (provided as visualizations) and qualitative evidence, it shows that, rather than expressing criminal identities as criminologists and sociologists argued, convicts’ tattoos expressed a broad range of subjects, affinities, and interests from wider popular and even mainstream culture. The diverse occupations held by convicts, the contexts in which tattoos were created, and incidental references to tattooing in other parts of society all point to a growing phenomenon that was embedded in Victorian culture rather than constituting an expression of deviance or resistance. Indeed, in the late nineteenth century, tattooing became fashionable within elite society. These findings not only shed light on the significance of tattooing as a form of cultural expression but also undermine the myth that nineteenth-century criminality was the product of, as contemporary commentators termed it, a distinct “criminal class.”
“The Battle of the Bridges”: Temporal Modernity in the Reimagining of Interwar London's Cityscape
Authors: Heathorn Stephen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe impending collapse of Waterloo Bridge (built 1811–1817) in 1923 led to wide-ranging debate among professional and political elites about the need for preserving or replacing the bridge and about London's inadequate river crossings in general. Over a fifteen-year period, cabinet-level discussions on the problem of the Thames bridges occurred every year; the government struck a number of committees and a royal commission on solving cross-river traffic issues. A powerful elite lobby formed to fight for the preservation of old Waterloo Bridge, and the building of a new bridge at Charing Cross, a constitutional squabble arose over the respective authorities of Parliament and of London municipal government over the bridges, and a rancorous debate among politicians, town planners, architects, engineers, and the general public raged over the issue of the existing and proposed new bridges. A number of issues were at play and are discussed, but ultimately this article argues that it was competing, temporally connected conceptions of modernity that divided the two camps into preservationists and rebuilders.
Boolean modelling in plant biology
Authors: Karanam Aravind , Rappel Wouter-Jan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSignalling and genetic networks underlie most biological processes and are often complex, containing many highly connected components. Modelling these networks can provide insight into mechanisms but is challenging given that rate parameters are often not well defined. Boolean modelling, in which components can only take on a binary value with connections encoded by logic equations, is able to circumvent some of these challenges, and has emerged as a viable tool to probe these complex networks. In this review, we will give an overview of Boolean modelling, with a specific emphasis on its use in plant biology. We review how Boolean modelling can be used to describe biological networks and then discuss examples of its applications in plant genetics and plant signalling.
Is luxury tax justifiable?
Authors: Kim Hyunseop 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper examines whether, and if so when, luxury tax is justifiable. After a characterization of luxury tax, I critically examine several arguments that have been or can be made in defence of luxury tax, including Ng’s diamond good argument and a variation of Frank’s positional good argument. I put forward an alternative, expressive argument, according to which luxury tax can help to create and sustain social norms that discourage conspicuous luxury consumption and display of wealth. I explain several ways in which luxury tax fails to achieve the expressive goal and brings about unintended consequences.
Assessment of Summer Regional Outdoor Heat Stress and Regional Comfort in the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei Agglomeration Over the Last 40 Years
Authors: Huang Junwang , Shen Shi , Zhao Min , Cheng Changxiu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOutdoor thermal comfort (OTC) is critical for public health, labor productivity, and human life. Growing extreme heat events caused by climate change have a serious impact on OTCs, especially in urban areas. Quantitatively characterizing and evaluating the spatiotemporal changes in OTCs are essential, and more applications are needed in urban agglomerations. Therefore, taking the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration as the study area, this study aimed to quantitatively assess the summer regional OTC from 1981 to 2020. First, the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) was used as the indicator of daily thermal stress, and then a Composite Thermal Comfort Score was proposed to evaluate the long‐term, summertime, regional OTC considering the extent, duration, and intensity of daytime and nighttime thermal stress. The results showed that (a) the increase in UTCI (0.32°C/10a at daytime and 0.21°C/10a at nighttime) and heat stress frequency (0.88 at daytime and 0.39 d/10a at nighttime) were manifested over BTH, indicating a worse OTC. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity was also demonstrated. (b) The general OTC showed a decreasing north‐south gradient pattern. At daytime, the northern mountainous zone presented the best OTC, the southern plain zone, especially Hengshui, Langfang, and Cangzhou, showed the worst. At nighttime, the mountain‐plain transition zone showed the best OTC, the northern mountainous zone showed the worst since more cold stress occurred. Our findings will be useful in informing climate change adaptation strategies to ensure urban resilience as extreme heat increases in the context of climate change.
Ionospheric Response to the Coronal Hole Activity of August 2020: A Global Multi‐Instrumental Overview
Authors: Younas Waqar , Khan Majid , Amory‐Mazaudier C. , Amaechi P. O. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe have studied the ionospheric response to a coronal hole event of August 2020 using the data from global ionospheric maps, ground magnetometers and parameters from the instruments onboard SWARM and thermosphere, ionosphere, mesosphere energetics and dynamics satellites. The role of different physical drivers, responsible for observed ionospheric disturbance, has been identified. On the storm day (2 August), a steady southward directed interplanetary magnetic field Bz caused the penetration of magnetospheric convection electric field and positive storm effect in daytime sectors. As a result of prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) on 2 August, a polar‐ward expansion of day‐side ionospheric plasma. On 3 August, the signatures of both disturbance dynamo electric field (DDEF) caused by disturbed thermospheric winds and PPEF have been observed. The westward PPEF and eastward disturbance DDEF on the night‐side caused a strong enhancement in ionospheric plasma parameters at the corresponding sectors. The effect of disturbed thermospheric winds and resultant electric field persisted till the end of 7 August. The large decrease in O/N2 ratio at northern mid‐latitudes which is a consequence of the seasonal impact resulted in the negative storm effects at corresponding latitudinal regions. This study has shown that although the storm of August 2020 was a minor one, the associated high speed solar wind streams emanating from a coronal hole resulted in drastic changes in ionospheric parameters including global electron content, in situ electron density and total electron content at the equatorial ionization anomaly and equatorial electric field.
Automatic Regionalization of Model Parameters for Hydrological Models
Authors: Feigl Moritz , Thober Stephan , Schweppe Robert , Herrnegger Mathew , Samaniego Luis , Schulz Karsten 
Published: December 2022

AbstractParameter estimation is one of the most challenging tasks in large‐scale distributed modeling, because of the high dimensionality of the parameter space. Relating model parameters to catchment/landscape characteristics reduces the number of parameters, enhances physical realism, and allows the transfer of hydrological model parameters in time and space. This study presents the first large‐scale application of automatic parameter transfer function (TF) estimation for a complex hydrological model. The Function Space Optimization (FSO) method can automatically estimate TF structures and coefficients for distributed models. We apply FSO to the mesoscale Hydrologic Model (mHM, mhm-ufz.org), which is the only available distributed model that includes a priori defined TFs for all its parameters. FSO is used to estimate new TFs for the parameters “saturated hydraulic conductivity” and “field capacity,” which both influence a range of hydrological processes. The setup of mHM from a previous study serves as a benchmark. The estimated TFs resulted in predictions in 222 validation basins with a median NSE of 0.68, showing that even with 5 years of calibration data, high performance in ungauged basins can be achieved. The performance is similar to the benchmark results, showing that the automatic TFs can achieve comparable results to TFs that were developed over years using expert knowledge. In summary, the findings present a step toward automatic TF estimation of model parameters for distributed models.
MyCTC chip: microfluidic-based drug screen with patient-derived tumour cells from liquid biopsies
Authors: Schwab Fabienne D. , Scheidmann Manuel C. , Ozimski Lauren L. , Kling André , Armbrecht Lucas , Ryser Till , Krol Ilona , Strittmatter Karin , Nguyen-Sträuli Bich Doan , Jacob Francis , Fedier André , Heinzelmann-Schwarz Viola , Wicki Andreas , Dittrich Petra S. , Aceto Nicola 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCancer patients with advanced disease are characterized by intrinsic challenges in predicting drug response patterns, often leading to ineffective treatment. Current clinical practice for treatment decision-making is commonly based on primary or secondary tumour biopsies, yet when disease progression accelerates, tissue biopsies are not performed on a regular basis. It is in this context that liquid biopsies may offer a unique window to uncover key vulnerabilities, providing valuable information about previously underappreciated treatment opportunities. Here, we present MyCTC chip, a novel microfluidic device enabling the isolation, culture and drug susceptibility testing of cancer cells derived from liquid biopsies. Cancer cell capture is achieved through a label-free, antigen-agnostic enrichment method, and it is followed by cultivation in dedicated conditions, allowing on-chip expansion of captured cells. Upon growth, cancer cells are then transferred to drug screen chambers located within the same device, where multiple compounds can be tested simultaneously. We demonstrate MyCTC chip performance by means of spike-in experiments with patient-derived breast circulating tumour cells, enabling >95% capture rates, as well as prospective processing of blood from breast cancer patients and ascites fluid from patients with ovarian, tubal and endometrial cancer, where sensitivity to specific chemotherapeutic agents was identified. Together, we provide evidence that MyCTC chip may be used to identify personalized drug response patterns in patients with advanced metastatic disease and with limited treatment opportunities.
Primary radiation damage in bone evolves via collagen destruction by photoelectrons and secondary emission self-absorption
Authors: Sauer Katrein , Zizak Ivo , Forien Jean-Baptiste , Rack Alexander , Scoppola Ernesto , Zaslansky Paul 
Published: December 2022

AbstractX-rays are invaluable for imaging and sterilization of bones, yet the resulting ionization and primary radiation damage mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we monitor in-situ collagen backbone degradation in dry bones using second-harmonic-generation and X-ray diffraction. Collagen breaks down by cascades of photon-electron excitations, enhanced by the presence of mineral nanoparticles. We observe protein disintegration with increasing exposure, detected as residual strain relaxation in pre-stressed apatite nanocrystals. Damage rapidly grows from the onset of irradiation, suggesting that there is no minimal ‘safe’ dose that bone collagen can sustain. Ionization of calcium and phosphorous in the nanocrystals yields fluorescence and high energy electrons giving rise to structural damage that spreads beyond regions directly illuminated by the incident radiation. Our findings highlight photoelectrons as major agents of damage to bone collagen with implications to all situations where bones are irradiated by hard X-rays and in particular for small-beam mineralized collagen fiber investigations.
Morphological control enables nanometer-scale dissection of cell-cell signaling complexes
Authors: Dow Liam P. , Gaietta Guido , Kaufman Yair , Swift Mark F. , Lemos Moara , Lane Kerry , Hopcroft Matthew , Bezault Armel , Sauvanet Cécile , Volkmann Niels , Pruitt Beth L. , Hanein Dorit 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProtein micropatterning enables robust control of cell positioning on electron-microscopy substrates for cryogenic electron tomography (cryo-ET). However, the combination of regulated cell boundaries and the underlying electron-microscopy substrate (EM-grids) provides a poorly understood microenvironment for cell biology. Because substrate stiffness and morphology affect cellular behavior, we devised protocols to characterize the nanometer-scale details of the protein micropatterns on EM-grids by combining cryo-ET, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Measuring force displacement characteristics of holey carbon EM-grids, we found that their effective spring constant is similar to physiological values expected from skin tissues. Despite their apparent smoothness at light-microscopy resolution, spatial boundaries of the protein micropatterns are irregular at nanometer scale. Our protein micropatterning workflow provides the means to steer both positioning and morphology of cell doublets to determine nanometer details of punctate adherens junctions. Our workflow serves as the foundation for studying the fundamental structural changes governing cell-cell signaling.
The contribution of living organisms to rock weathering in the critical zone
Authors: Wild Bastien , Gerrits Ruben , Bonneville Steeve 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRock weathering is a key process in global elemental cycling. Life participates in this process with tangible consequences observed from the mineral interface to the planetary scale. Multiple lines of evidence show that microorganisms may play a pivotal—yet overlooked—role in weathering. This topic is reviewed here with an emphasis on the following questions that remain unanswered: What is the quantitative contribution of bacteria and fungi to weathering? What are the associated mechanisms and do they leave characteristic imprints on mineral surfaces or in the geological record? Does biogenic weathering fulfill an ecological function, or does it occur as a side effect of unrelated metabolic functions and biological processes? An overview of efforts to integrate the contribution of living organisms into reactive transport models is provided. We also highlight prospective opportunities to harness microbial weathering in order to support sustainable agroforestry practices and mining activities, soil remediation, and carbon sequestration.
Normal-state charge transport in YBa2Cu3O6.67 under uniaxial stress
Authors: Nakata S. , Yang P. , Barber M. E. , Ishida K. , Kim H.-H. , Loew T. , Tacon M. Le , Mackenzie A. P. , Minola M. , Hicks C. W. , Keimer B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo provide a foundation for theoretical models of high-temperature superconductivity, experimental research has sought to establish correspondences between macroscopic transport coefficients on the one hand, and atomic-scale correlation functions measured by spectroscopic and scattering probes on the other hand. This research avenue has been confounded by the gradual onset of electronic ordering phenomena and of the corresponding transport anomalies. We report measurements of the uniaxial-stress dependence of the normal-state resistivity and Hall coefficient of the underdoped high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O6.67. We observe a remarkable correspondence between the differential stress responses of the transport coefficients and resonant X-ray diffraction features indicative of charge ordering, which parallels the phenomenology of classical charge-density-wave compounds. However, our observations imply that static charge order is not responsible for a sign reversal of the Hall coefficient, and suggest that the interplay with liquid-like, dynamical charge correlations is essential for the prominent transport anomalies in the underdoped cuprates.