bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Pelvic Floor Disorders due to the Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Using Three-Dimensional Ultrasonography: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sartorão Filho Carlos Izaias , Barbosa Angélica Mércia Pascon , Calderon Iracema de Mattos Paranhos , Rudge Marilza Vieira Cunha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)is an entity with evolving conceptual nuances that deserve full consideration. Gestational diabetes leads to complications and adverse effects on the mother's and infants' health during and after pregnancy. Women also have a higher prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) related to the hyperglycemic status during pregnancy. However, the exact pathophysiological mechanism is still uncertain. We conducted a narrative review discussing the impact of GDM on the women's pelvic floor and performed image assessment using three-dimensional ultrasonography to evaluate and predict future UI.
Comparison of Clinical and Functional Outcomes after Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection and Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of de Quervain's Tenosynovitis
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Talwar Jatin , Rustagi Ashish , Krishna Loveneesh G. , Sharma Vinod Kumar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has local anti-inflammatory actions, which is being used as a treatment in various tendinopathies.
Purpose The aim of the study is to compare the clinical results of PRP injection and corticosteroid injection in the management of de Quervain's tenosynovitis (DQTSV).
Patients and Methods In this prospective study, 60 patients of DQTSV, fulfilling the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, were randomised into two groups. In group 1 (n = 30), patients received a single injection of autologous PRP and in group 2 (n = 30) they received a single injection of corticosteroid (methylprednisolone). All patients were followed up at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year for evaluation by Finkelstein test, visual analogue scale (VAS), DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) score, and Modified Mayo Wrist score (MMWS).
Results In both the groups improvement occurred in Finkelstein test, VAS score, DASH score, and MMWS which were found to be statistically significant at all points of follow-ups when compared to the pre-intervention values. Comparison of scores between the two groups did not show any statistical significance. No complications were reported in PRP group. Statistically significant complications (p-value = 0.026) like subcutaneous fat atrophy, depigmentation, and temporary increase in pain were seen in eight patients in the corticosteroid group with an overall complication rate of 26.67%.
Conclusion Both the modalities are equally effective in the management of DQTSV remittance. PRP is equally effective as corticosteroid in reducing symptoms of first dorsal compartment stenosing tenosynovitis. PRP may have a lower complication profile, however, this benefit should be weighed against the slight increase in cost and time of PRP preparation and injection.
Level of Evidence Level 2, prospective comparative study.
A corpus-based interpretation of the discourse–cognitive–society triangle on Chinese court judgments
Authors: Wu Jingjing , Cheng Le , Yang Yi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA court judgment is a common legal discourse and the final carrier of court trial activities. From the perspective of socio-cognitive discourse analysis, this study aims to describe and explore the Chinese court judgments in a corpus-based method, concentrating on the interactions among discourse, cognitive, and social dimensions. We have three key findings through an empirical qualitative analysis of the court judgments in China. First, the discourse dimension of Chinese court judgments is both society-oriented and cognition-oriented. The discourse components could mark the cognition sources in court judgments. Second, the cognitive source of faith is a part of social cognition on law and regulation, and induction and paraphrase provide the personal cognition to testimony, documentary, or hearsay evidence. Besides, the cognitive source of inference could change personal cognition into a social consensus through a reasoning process. Third, the social function of court judgments corresponds to the cognitive source and builds the surface structure with various discourse components. Moreover, a probe into the multi-dimensional relationship in court judgments can offer practical insights into the interpretation of legal texts in Chinese judicial decision-making.
Charge trap depth prediction of grafted polypropylene system using machine learning
Authors: Zhu Yujie , Li Chuanyang , Wang Shaojie , Li Manxi , Li Junluo , Hu Shixun , Li Qi , He Jinliang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Carbon neutrality is a state of dynamic equilibrium in carbon dioxide emissions. In insulation material aspect, polypropylene (PP) with grafted side chain segments possesses recyclability and may have better electrical property under high temperature compared with traditional norecyclable insulation insulation material like cross-linked polyethylene, which will reduce the carbon emission and help carbon neutrality processing. However, focused on the ideal grafted PP chain, the bandgap (

E

g

) parameter is no longer suitable for describing the electrical properties of this system for the small grafting ratio. The induced grafted monomer might generate new band energy level and reduce the bandgap but with improvement on the electrical properties, which is not consistent with the positive correlation of the bandgap and the electrical properties. Alternatively, the trap depth, as one of the important electrical performance parameters, can reflect its influence on conductivity and breakdown. In this paper, the trap depth of the grafted PP chain is predicted by machine learning method with recursive feature elimination-based fingerprints. The paper analyzes the influence of different component groups and the ratioes of PP monomers on the charge trap depth. The grafted monomers with strong positive correlations on the electron/hole trap depth are given, and the electrical conductivity of PP-g-VK polymer has been tested for validation from the side. This paper provides a predictable parameter for the analysis of grafted systems and accelerates future predictions of performance parameters such as conductivity and breakdown strength.
A method for constructing non-ideal geometric features of thermal insulation tiles based onmeasured data
Authors: Li Shuanggao , Wang Shuchun , Hou Guoyi , Huang Xiang , Jiang Yifan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the digital assembly of modern aircraft, to meet the higher requirements of aircraft assembly quality, the measurement data of geometric characteristics are used to replace the actual model of the parts for assembly calculation and analysis. However, when analyzing the assembly deviation of parts with complex assembly features, it is difficult to express the non-ideal model clearly by using traditional methods. At the same time, the amount of measured data is large, and the calculation efficiency is low. We propose methods to build geometric feature models based on measurement data to extract and optimize non-ideal features and reduce the data of discrete point sets to address this problem. The experimental results reveal the accuracy and computational efficiency of the geometric feature expression of the model and verify the feasibility of the proposed method.
Measurement of a radial flow profile with eddy current flow meters and deep neural networks
*
Authors: Gall Grayson , Lau Cornwall , Varma Venu , Cetiner Sacit , Ottinger Dustin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Eddy current flow meters (ECFMs) measure flows of conductive fluids. Recent interest in ECFMs has increased due to applications in advanced nuclear reactors. ECFMs are well suited for such applications, as they can provide non-invasive measurements of flow in fluids that are often difficult to measure. Traditionally, ECFMs are operated using an alternating current at a single frequency, limiting ECFMs to measure average fluid velocities, blockages, or voids. We expand the capabilities of ECFMs by measuring the fluid radial velocity profile of liquid mercury. To accomplish this, we made several ECFM sensitivity measurements at a range of frequencies. Different frequencies vary the electromagnetic skin depth of the device. By adjusting frequencies, we probed the fluid velocity at various radial locations and constructed a flow-velocity profile. The relationship between the ECFM measurements and velocity profile is nonlinear and requires solving an inverse problem. Using electromagnetic finite-element simulations to train a deep neural network (DNN), we created a model that provides a stable general relationship between the sensitivity measurements of an ECFM and the fluid velocity profile. Using ECFM measurements of liquid mercury, our DNN model calculates a flow profile that agrees well with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. This technique has potential to improve flow monitoring for optimization, safe operation of conductive fluid loops, and/or validating complex CFD models.
2D mapping of radiation dose and clonogenic survival for accurate assessment of in vitro X-ray GRID irradiation effects
Authors: Arous Delmon , Lie Jacob Larsen , Håland Bjørg Vårli , Børsting Magnus , Edin Nina Frederike Jeppesen , Malinen Eirik 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spatially fractionated radiation therapy (SFRT or GRID) is an approach to deliver high local radiation doses in an ‘on-off’ pattern. To better appraise the radiobiological effects from GRID, a framework to link local radiation dose to clonogenic survival needs to be developed. A549 lung cancer cells were irradiated in T25 cm2 flasks using 220 kV x-rays with an open field or through a tungsten GRID collimator with periodical 5 mm openings and 10 mm blockings. Delivered nominal doses were 2, 5, and 10 Gy. A novel approach for image segmentation was used to locate the centroid of surviving colonies in scanned images of the cell flasks. GafchromicTM film dosimetry (GFD) and FLUKA Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were employed to map the dose at each surviving colony centroid. Fitting the linear-quadratic (LQ) function to clonogenic survival data for open field irradiation, the expected survival level at a given dose level was calculated. The expected survival levels were then mapped together with the observed levels in the GRID-irradiated flasks. GFD and FLUKA MC gave similar dose distributions, with a mean peak-to-valley dose ratio of about 5. LQ-parameters for open field irradiation gave

α
=
0.24
±
0.02

Gy−1 and

β
=
0.019
±
0.002

Gy−2. The mean relative percentage deviation between observed and predicted survival in the (peak; valley) dose regions was (4.6; 3.1) %, (26.6; −1.0) %, and (129.8; −2.3) % for 2, 5 and 10 Gy, respectively. In conclusion, a framework for mapping of surviving colonies following GRID irradiation together with predicted survival levels from homogeneous irradiation was presented. For the given cell line, our findings indicate that GRID irradiation causes reduced survival in the peak regions compared to an open field configuration.
Comparison of automated full-body bone metastases delineation methods and their corresponding prognostic power
Authors: Schott Brayden , Weisman Amy J , Perk Timothy G , Roth Alison R , Liu Glenn , Jeraj Robert 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective. Manual disease delineation in full-body imaging of patients with multiple metastases is often impractical due to high disease burden. However, this is a clinically relevant task as quantitative image techniques assessing individual metastases, while limited, have been shown to be predictive of treatment outcome. The goal of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of deep learning-based methods for full-body delineation of skeletal metastases and to compare their performance to existing methods in terms of disease delineation accuracy and prognostic power. Approach. 1833 suspicious lesions on 37 18F-NaF PET/CT scans of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) were contoured and classified as malignant, equivocal, or benign by a nuclear medicine physician. Two convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures (DeepMedic and nnUNet) were trained to delineate malignant disease regions with and without three-model ensembling. Malignant disease contours using previously established methods were obtained. The performance of each method was assessed in terms of four different tasks: (1) detection, (2) segmentation, (3) PET SUV metric correlations with physician-based data, and (4) prognostic power of progression-free survival. Main Results. The nnUnet three-model ensemble achieved superior detection performance with a mean (+/- standard deviation) sensitivity of 82.9

±

ccc 0.1% at the selected operating point. The nnUnet single and three-model ensemble achieved comparable segmentation performance with a mean Dice coefficient of 0.80

±
0
.

12 and 0.79

±
0
.

12, respectively, both outperforming other methods. The nnUNet ensemble achieved comparable or superior SUV metric correlation performance to gold-standard data. Despite superior disease delineation performance, the nnUNet methods did not display superior prognostic power over other methods. Significance. This work showed that CNN-based (nnUNet) methods are superior to the non-CNN methods for mCRPC disease delineation in full-body 18F-NaF PET/CT. The CNN-based methods, however, do not hold greater prognostic power for predicting clinical outcome. This merits more investigation on the optimal selection of delineation methods for specific clinical tasks.
Probabilistic resumable quantum teleportation for an arbitrary two-qubit entangled state with different quantum channels
Authors: Meng Zuan , Zhang Shi-Feng , Cheng Liu-Yong , Wang Hong-Fu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We propose two probabilistic resumable quantum teleportation schemes for an arbitrary two-qubit entangled state with different quantum channels. The characteristic of our schemes is that the initial state in the sender’s hand can be recovered instead of being destroyed when teleportation fails, so we can improve the success probabilities by repeating the teleportation process more times. The analysis results show that the number of repetitions required for successful teleportation depends on the entanglement strength of the quantum channels, and even weak entanglement enables a high probability of success.
Tracer particle in a confined correlated medium: an adiabatic elimination method
Authors: Venturelli Davide , Gross Markus 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We present a simple and systematic procedure to determine the effective dynamics of a Brownian particle coupled to a rapidly fluctuating correlated medium, modeled as a scalar Gaussian field, under spatial confinement. The method allows us, in particular, to address the case in which the fluctuations of the medium are suppressed in the vicinity of the particle, as described by a quadratic coupling in the underlying Hamiltonian. As a consequence of the confinement of the correlated medium, the resulting effective Fokker–Planck equation features spatially dependent drift and diffusion coefficients. We apply our method to simplified fluid models of binary mixtures and microemulsions near criticality containing a colloidal particle, and we analyze the corrections to the stationary distribution of the particle position and the diffusion coefficient.
Where to leave fossil fuels underground? A multi-criteria analysis to identify unburnable carbon areas in the Ecuadorian Amazon region
Authors: Codato Daniele , Pappalardo Salvatore E , Facchinelli Francesco , Murmis Maria R , Larrea Carlos , Marchi Massimo De 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Despite the ongoing impacts of climate change around the world, fossil fuels continue to drive the global economy. The socio-environmental impacts of oil development at the local level are widely recognized, especially in high biocultural diversity areas, highlighting the need to develop and implement effective policies that protect both biodiversity and human rights. In consideration of the estimated remaining carbon budget to limit global warming at 1.5 °C, as well as Ecuador’s past attempts at limiting carbon extraction through the Yasuni-ITT Initiative, we adopt a new framework to identify ‘unburnable carbon areas’ with the goal of eventually phasing out fossil fuels. In the Ecuadorian Amazon—one of Earth’s high-biodiversity wilderness areas and home to uncontacted indigenous populations—50 years of widespread oil production is jeopardizing tropical ecosystems. Using the Ecuadorian Amazon as a paradigmatic case study, our research explores the feasibility of implementing energy transition paths based on unburnable carbon areas through spatial multicriteria decision analysis that is based on different approaches to territory management. We modeled interactions between oil development and areas with high biocultural sensitivities using environmental, socio-cultural, and oil-related geospatial information. We found that, for all simulations, concessions that should remain unburnable are mainly located in the south-central sector of Ecuadorian Amazon, surrounding the Yasuní National Park and the intangible zone for uncontacted indigenous people, where no reserves have been identified and oil infrastructure (wells, pipelines, etc) has not been deployed. In the Northern sector, particularly along the ‘Auca’ oil road system, the eventual continuation of fossil production requires best practices to minimize environmental impacts and respect human rights. Our spatial multicriteria approach based on geographical criteria can be replicated in different place contexts to explore different scenarios for effective climate mitigation policies.
Urban vegetation cooling potential during heatwaves depends on background climate
Authors: Zhao Jiacheng , Meili Naika , Zhao Xiang , Fatichi Simone 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The capacity of vegetation to mitigate excessive urban heat has been well documented. However, the cooling potential provided by urban vegetation during heatwaves is less known even though heatwaves have been projected to be more severe with climate change. Across 24 global metropolises, we combine 30 m resolution satellite observations with a theoretical leaf energy balance model to quantify the change of the leaf-to-air temperature difference and stomatal conductance during heatwaves from 2000 to 2020. We found the responses of urban vegetation to heatwaves differ significantly across cities and they are mediated by climate forcing and human management. During heatwaves, vegetation in Mediterranean and midlatitude-humid cities shows a significant decrease in cooling potential in most cases due to large stomatal closures, while vegetation in arid cities shows a cooling enhancement with an unmodified stomatal opening likely in response to intense irrigation. In comparison, the cooling potential of vegetation in high-latitude humid cities does not show significant changes. These responses have implications for future urban vegetation management strategies and urban planning.
Windthrow characteristics and their regional association with rainfall, soil, and surface elevation in the Amazon
Authors: Negron-Juarez Robinson , Magnabosco-Marra Daniel , Feng Yanlei , Urquiza-Muñoz Jose David , Riley William J , Chambers Jeffrey Q 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Windthrows (trees uprooted and broken by winds) are common across the Amazon. They range in size from single trees to large gaps that lead to changes in forest dynamics, composition, structure, and carbon balance. Yet, the current understanding of the spatial variability of windthrows is limited. By integrating remote sensing data and geospatial analysis, we present the first study to examine the occurrence, area, and direction of windthrows and the control that environmental variables exert on them across the whole Amazon. Windthrows are more frequent and larger in the northwestern Amazon (Peru and Colombia), with the central Amazon (Brazil) being another hot spot of windthrows. The predominant direction of windthrows is westward. Rainfall, surface elevation, and soil characteristics explain the variability (20%–50%) of windthrows but their effects vary regionally. A better understanding of the spatial dynamics of windthrows will improve understanding of the functioning of Amazon forests.
Influence of neutral gas supply position on wall erosion of Hall thruster studied by particle-in-cell simulation
Authors: CAO Xifeng , XIA Guojun , LIU Hui , CHEN Juhui , YU Daren 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this work, we have carried out a simulation study on the discharge process of Hall thrusters under the conditions of different neutral gas radial supply positions based on the particle-in-cell (PIC) and Monte Carlo collision (MCC) methods. This paper compares the two-dimensional (2D) distributions of neutral gas, plasma and wall erosion-related parameters under different neutral gas supply positions. The comparison results show that the change of the neutral gas supply position affects the radial distribution uniformity of the neutral gas and plasma in the channel. From the comparison of the density peaks, it can be found that the neutral gas density and the plasma density peak under the upper gas supply condition are relatively low, and the plasma density peak is 22.49% lower than the density peak under the middle gas supply condition. Meanwhile, as the radial position of the gas supply moves from the lower gas supply to the upper gas supply, the position of the ionization zone also gradually moves toward the anode. The results of erosion-related parameter distribution comparison show that the change of gas supply location has an obvious influence on erosion rate and erosion range. In terms of erosion rate, the wall erosion rate is relatively low under the upper gas supply condition, and the peak erosion rates of the inner and outer walls are 33.3% and 29.9% lower than those under the other two conditions. In terms of erosion range, as the gas supply position moves from the lower gas supply position to the upper gas supply position, the erosion range gradually increases from 5 to 7.5 mm.
Mood and physical activity are associated with appetite in hospitalised older men and women
Authors: Cox Natalie J , Howson Fiona , Ibrahim Kinda , Morrison Leanne , Sayer Avan A , Roberts Helen C , Robinson Sian M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
The anorexia of ageing is important in the development of malnutrition, frailty and sarcopenia amongst the older population and is a particular problem for hospital inpatients. This study assessed appetite-related factors in a group of hospitalised older adults, to identify potential preventive strategies.

Design
Cross sectional observational study.

Setting
Eleven wards in one large hospital in England.

Subjects
Older inpatients aged ≥70 years, admitted non-electively.

Methods
Appetite was assessed using the four-item Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ). Associations between SNAQ score and appetite-related factors present in the dataset were assessed in continuous analyses, including habitual physical activity, mood, medication, cognition and living circumstances.

Results
200 participants, mean age of 80.7 years (SD 6.9); 40% were women. Prevalence of poor appetite was 43%. In univariate analyses, lower medication count, higher habitual physical activity and better mood were associated with higher SNAQ scores during admission. In a multivariate analysis, independent associations of higher habitual physical activity and better mood with higher SNAQ scores during hospital admission remained.

Conclusion
In this group of older adults, better mood and higher habitual physical activity were independently associated with better appetite during hospital admission. These are potentially modifiable factors and could be targets for future research into interventions for the anorexia of ageing in the hospitalised older population.