bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rise of ternary quantity and its alignment with laryngeal articulations
Authors: Kuznetsova Natalia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The paper discusses languages with ternary quantity of vowels and consonants, analysing the evolutionary mechanisms of the rise of ternary quantity and its alignment with lexicalised laryngeal articulations. Six shared evolutionary mechanisms based on vowel coalescence and segment lengthening or shortening are distinguished, and a couple of alternative paths. Tonal stressless languages show a symmetric system where the voice quality contrast is “orthogonal” to both quantity and pitch. Stress languages manifest two types of asymmetric alignment between overlength (Q3) and laryngeal articulations: “synergistic” and “antagonistic”, the latter being more common across language groups. It appears that the synergistic alignment might instead reflect the situation in which the lexicalised laryngeal contrast is more recent and more dependent on the quantity contrast than in case of the antagonistic alignment. Additionally, an outline of an articulatory model which might account for the rise of the observed quantity-laryngeal-pitch templates in languages with ternary quantity is proposed.
Impact of diabetes on long-term survival in elderly liver cancer patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Chen Dan , Gao Xiaoxiao , Wang Yaqing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and aim
Liver cancer is a prevalent and life-threatening condition, particularly among elderly individuals. The association between diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder, and the onset and advancement of liver cancer has been widely acknowledged. However, the effect of diabetes on the survival of older patients with liver cancer has been a topic of debate. In light of this, we undertook a retrospective study to assess the impact of diabetes on the overall survival (OS) of elderly individuals diagnosed with liver cancer.

Methods
In this retrospective analysis, we examined clinical data from liver cancer patients aged 80 years or older who underwent diagnosis and treatment at a solitary medical center from January 2010 to December 2019. Comprehensive records encompassing baseline information, treatment protocols, diabetes history, and mortality during follow-up were meticulously documented. Employing the Kaplan–Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model, we sought to assess the influence of diabetes on both the OS and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in elderly individuals diagnosed with liver cancer.

Results
This study comprised 244 elderly liver cancer patients, with 68 individuals reporting a history of diabetes. In the unadjusted Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, the diabetes group exhibited a lower OS compared to the non-diabetes group. Utilizing a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, diabetes emerged as a prognostic factor influencing OS (hazard ratio, HR = 1.782 [1.163–2.743], P = 0.043). Regarding RFS, unadjusted Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed a diminished RFS in the diabetes group compared to the non-diabetes group. In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, diabetes remained a significant prognostic factor impacting RFS (HR = 1.742 [1.083–1.546], P = 0.041).

Conclusion
Our study indicates a significant impact of diabetes on both OS and RFS among elderly liver cancer patients. These insights may contribute to more precise guidance and recommendations for the treatment of this specific demographic, offering valuable information for healthcare practitioners working with elderly individuals diagnosed with liver cancer.
Impact of early and late morning supervised blood flow restriction training on body composition and skeletal muscle performance in older inactive adults
Authors: Peskett Logan E. , Thomson Amy M. , Arnason Julia K. , Paudel Yadab , Sénéchal Martin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the impact of a supervised blood-flow restriction (BFR) training program performed at different times of the morning on body composition and muscle performance in older, inactive adults.

Methods
A single-arm intervention of supervised BFR resistance training was performed three times per week for six weeks. Participants (n=24; aged 65+ years) were categorized into early morning (n=13; 05:00–08:59) or late morning (n=11; 09:00–12:00) groups. Primary outcomes were changes in body composition, total work, average peak power, average peak torque, muscle strength, and physical function.

Results
Mixed model analysis of variance revealed a significant within-subject effect of time for all strength measures (p ranging from 0.017 to <0.001) and some physical function measures including the 30 s chair stand test, 30 s bicep curl test, and grip strength (p ranging from 0.015 to <0.001). No between-group or time by group interaction effect was observed for all outcomes.

Conclusions
This study showed that only six weeks of BFR training, performed at different time of the morning, did not enhance muscle mass and performance, but provided similar changes in muscle strength and some physical function tests in older adults.
O papel da antropologia biológica na educação e na divulgação científica
Authors: Hubbe Mark , Inglez Mariana , Oldershaw Leigh 
Published: January 2025

O estudo de aspectos biológicos atrelados a fatores socioculturais na espécie humana tem sido o foco de várias pesquisas orientadas pela Antropologia Biológica. Com longo histórico de atuação e inúmeros laboratórios de pesquisa na Europa e nos Estados Unidos, a Antropologia Biológica ainda é menos representativa na América Latina e no contexto do Brasil particularmente. O potencial das pesquisas realizadas para promoção de impactos sociais positivos em nossa sociedade, em especial pensando-se na promoção de políticas públicas para inclusão, saúde humana e ambiental, e sustentabilidade, acaba sendo minimizado pelo cenário atual onde se observa distanciamento entre o conhecimento acadêmico o que é acessado pela população mais ampla. No presente artigo, os autores apresentam a importância da divulgação científica e do diálogo entre cientistas e a comunidade para além dos muros da academia, com foco em sua experiência em Antropologia Biológica. Compartilhando suas experiências no contexto norte-americano e brasileiro, os autores visam estimular atividades de disseminação do conhecimento entre os colegas de profissão. Destacando a importância de definir claramente os objetivos, a factibilidade e o potencial transformativo de cada proposta, defendemos que as atividades de divulgação científica podem fazer parte do cotidiano dos grupos de pesquisa na disciplina. Com base nas experiências dos autores, o principal objetivo deste artigo de opinião é oferecer estimular colegas Bioantropólogos a explorarem ativamente o potencial da divulgação científica em nesta área do conhecimento
Antropologia Biológica e Paleoantropologia: exemplos da pesquisa brasileira
Authors: Bernardo Danilo Vicensotto , Neves Walter Alves , Campos Tamires Carolina 
Published: January 2025

A paleoantropologia é um campo que apresenta baixa difusão na ciência brasileira. Esse fato pode ser explicado devido à complexidade e competitividade da área, além da dificuldade de acesso, caso o pesquisador não pertença a um grande centro de pesquisa. Pensando nisso, apresentamos dois caminhos viáveis para aqueles pesquisadores que se interessem em estudar Evolução Humana, mantendo-se vinculados as instituições brasileiras. O primeiro caminho apresentado, é a realização de sínteses teóricas críticas, aprofundando o conhecimento difundido pela disciplina. O segundo caminho apresentado, defende a produção de pesquisas competitivas, a partir do fundamento científico de falseabilidade e replicabilidade através da utilização de dados já publicados, objetivando colaborar com debates vigentes e possibilitar interpretações alternativas. Com o intuito de exemplificar esses caminhos, apresentamos uma síntese quanto as origens do gênero humano, e a primeira saída da África. Em seguida, realizamos uma análise com metodologia alternativa, baseada em dados presentes na literatura especializada, contribuindo para a discussão quanto a posição taxonômica do Australopithecus sediba. Por fim, demonstramos as possíveis contribuições que a Antropologia Biológica brasileira pode trazer para os estudos macroevolutivos humanos.
Modified ADRC for position lower-knee exoskeleton system: Rehabilitation case
Authors: Alawad Nasir Ahmed , Humaidi Amjad J. , Muslim Muhammed M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe goal of this study is to develop a linear disturbance rejection control (ADRC) based on transfer-function approach. The proposed control strategy is applied to control the angular position of knee joint for rehabilitation purpose. The Extended State Observer (ESO) is the core of ADRC strategy and the performance of all ADRC controllers are assessed based on tracking and estimations errors due to controller and observer, respectively. The transfer-based approach of ADRC (TFADRC) is characterized by simplicity and direct control design. A comparison study in performance between conventional linear ADRC (CLADRC) and TFADRC approach has been made. The results based on numerical simulation showed that the proposed approach gives better tracking performance compared to conventional one. Based on Root Mean Square of Error (RMSE) metric, the TFADRC gives less tracking error (0.0205 rad) under load disturbances than that based on CLADRC (0.0547 rad). Moreover, better noise rejection capability can be obtained by TFADRC as compared to the conventional one. However, the price of better performance gained by TFADRC is to actuate higher level of control signal compared to its counterpart.
Tempos redescobertos
Authors: Baptista Natalie Rachid , Guatelli Igor 
Published: January 2025

The fate of idle structures, which have had their original functions interrupted due to social, historical, or economic-productive changes, presents an opportunity to debate the architectural heritage value in cities. It is through the distorted return, stemming from the resignifications of these structures, that new paths can be opened. The dimension of property as something that is inherent and intrinsic is broken. Idle structures existing in urban areas cease to have their own characteristics, opening up to new possibilities and being available for inventive rehabilitations. In this process, an aesthetic based on addition through architectural couplings is highlighted, suggesting another ethic in the way of building sustainable landscapes and urban dynamics. The idea of reactivating obsolete and abandoned structures, ruined and not simply erased, becomes, around the concept of assemblage, the main vector of analysis and problematization of this article. We will start from the analysis of two works located in Paris for a critical problematization around the defense of the maintenance and reactivation of abandoned and ruined structures, namely the Cité de la Mode et du Design and the Entrepôt Macdonald.
Slow Fashion e sua relação com redes sociais
Authors: Silva Íris Malta , Ferroli Paulo Cesar Machado 
Published: January 2025

With a focus on the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030, specifically SDG 12: “Responsible Consumption and Production”, this article relates the connection between slow fashion and social media. It seeks to promote persuasive communication strategies and the impact of social media on consumer awareness, communication and behavior. Its general objective is to verify the relationship between the desires of consumers and brands in relation to sustainability, with aspects of economic, social and environmental influence. Finally, it presents design and marketing strategies for one of the paths to sustainability in fashion, with a socially just approach and low environmental impact.
Accounting for Embodied Emissions of Chemicals within the European Carbon Border Adjustment Measure
Authors: Bardow André , Minten Hannah , Hausweiler Julian , Probst Benedict , Reinert Christiane , Meys Raoul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) implemented by the European Union (EU) aims to avoid carbon leakage and drive the transition towards net-zero emissions. As the EU considers extending CBAM to the chemical sector by 2030, its effectiveness in this complex industry remains uncertain. Here, we assess the EU CBAM’s effectiveness using a Life-Cycle Assessment of 4,470 global chemical production facilities. We find that the current CBAM framework accounts for 50–60% of production emissions for key products like ethylene and polyethylene. This limited emission coverage risks compromising the policy’s ambition. To address this, CBAM would need to (1) include fossil feedstocks and refinery products, and (2) implement high fallback default values for embodied emissions to incentivize data reporting. Thus, our study underscores the importance of careful supply chain tracking. Furthermore, we recommend engaging chemical industry experts before policy implementation to ensure CBAM fosters an equitable net-zero transition without unintended consequences.
Neutron Imaging Investigation of AM Tungsten Nozzles for an Arcjet Deorbit System
Authors: Skalden Jonathan , Ehresmann Manfred , Becatti Giulia , Schulz Michael , Gustschin Alex , Kis Zoltán , Szentmiklósi László , Herdich Georg 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The Institute of Space Systems is currently developing a deorbit module based on thermal arcjet technology to allow fast orbit decay at end-of-life with a focus on mega constellation satellites. By employing additive manufacturing with tungsten, improved nozzle geometries can lead to a gain in overall performance. However, reproducibility is an ongoing concern for additive manufactured parts. Together with the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) and the Budapest Neutron Centre of the Centre for Energy Research, a study was conducted scanning additively manufactured arcjet nozzles prior and after standardized operation via neutron computer tomography. The results show a drop in performance over time, which can be related to an increased constrictor diameter and residual powder in the cooling channels.
Downscaling the 100 kW SX-3 AF-MPD to the 5 kW SUPREME Thruster
Authors: Winter Michael , Betancourt Manuel La Rosa , Bögel Elias , Bäcker Michael , Perepechkin Anatoliy , Keil Gregor , Umpiérrez Daniel , Herdrich Georg , Becatti Giulia , Behnke Alexander , Sperber Alessa , Wanke David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The SUPREME (Superconductor-Based Readiness Enhanced Magnetoplasmadynamic Electric Propulsion) thruster, in development by Neutron Star Systems DE GmbH (NSS) in collaboration with the Institute of Space Systems (IRS), University of Stuttgart, is designed for a nominal power level of 5 kW to have a wide range of commercial applications. Basis for the design is the SX3 thruster developed at IRS which is an engineering model operated between 2 and 100 kW with magnetic fields up to 400 mT. Both magnetic coil for the applied field and thruster anode are made of copper and are water-cooled. SUPREME will have a radiation cooled anode and a high temperature superconducting coil aiming at nominal maximal magnetic fields of 1.2 T. In the absence of a numerical simulation code for the plasma inside the thruster, the downscaling process described here relies on maintaining critical plasma parameters of the SX3 thruster to produce similar thruster performance with the smaller SUPREME. The downscaling to obtain a discharge unit geometry and the design process for the superconducting coil are described in detail, the SUPREME performance is estimated with a scaling code developed at IRS, and potential mission scenarios are investigated.
Does the Coronal and Sagittal Posture Affect the Risk of Falling in Older Adults with Pain?
Authors: Çelik Gülşah , Toraman Naciye Füsun , Akdağ Ali , Hindistan İbrahim Ethem 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose: Fall risk in older adults is linked to poor posture and pain, often focusing on sagittal alignment. This study examines the combined impact of coronal and sagittal posture on fall risk in individuals with pain.
Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 146 adults aged 65+ with pain, selected from 479 screened. Participants were categorized as fallers or non-fallers. Data collected included posture (sagittal, coronal, total), pain details, demographics, comorbidities, medication use, timed up-and-go test, Berg balance scale, four-step square test, and number of falls. Analyses used Mann-Whitney U, chi-square, univariate, and multivariate regression models.
Results: Of the 146 participants, 58% had a history of falls, and 71% were females. Neck pain was reported by 28% of participants, knee pain by 39%, and low back pain by 33%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Berg balance score and total posture score were independently associated with falls (odds ratio 0.8, and 0.9, respectively). This indicated that for every one-unit increase in the Berg score and total posture score, the odds of a fall decreased by about 20% and 10%, respectively.
Conclusion: The study results indicated that assessing the total posture, not just the sagittal posture is crucial when evaluating the risk of falls in older adults. Furthermore, the Berg test proved particularly valuable in assessing the risk of falls among older adults experiencing neck, low back, and knee pain.
Regional Analysis of Hospital Admission Authorizations for the Treatment of Facial Fractures in the State of Paraíba
Authors: Santana Ilan Hudson Gomes , Viana Mayara Rebeca Martins , Ferreira Anderson Jara , Guimarães Camila Coêlho , Zevallos Erick Andres Alpaca , Schwerz Paola Cassia Spessato , Félix Karolayne Dutra , Henriques Maria Eduarda Batista , Cardoso Felipe Germoglio , Ribeiro Eduardo Dias 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction: External fractures, often the result of traffic accidents and interpersonal violence, represent a public health problem that requires specialized treatment and hospital infrastructure. In Paraíba, the demand for Hospital Admission Authorizations (AIHs) for these injuries has increased over the years, concentrated in large hospitals. This study aims to analyze this demand between 2014 and 2024, providing subsidies for the planning and distribution of health resources.
Materials and Methods: Using AIH data from the DATASUS system, we analyzed types of industrial fractures in state hospitals, including the number of approvals, the average length of hospital stay, and the associated deaths. The methodology involved a descriptive analysis of the evolution of AIHs and the distribution between different hospital doors.
Results and Discussion: The data show a significant increase in AIHs over the period, with a greater concentration in referral hospitals, such as the Dom Luiz Gonzaga Fernandes Hospital and the Senador Humberto Lucena Hospital, which handle most of the complex cases. The mortality rate was low, but the rate of hospitalization varied between hospitals, reflecting the complexity of the cases. The results indicate the need to decentralize care and strengthen regional hospitals in order to improve access and reduce the overload on large centers.
Conclusions: The study highlights a growing demand for treatment of bone fractures and the importance of strategic planning to strengthen regional hospitals and implement prevention policies, ensuring more equitable and efficient care for the population affected by facial trauma.
Comparison between single anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) and roux-en-y gastric bypass (RYGB) in terms of weight loss, comorbidities remission and complications. A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.
Authors: Sabatella Lucas , Jover Daniel Aliseda , Ortega Patricia M , Asensio Nuria Blanco , Ojanguren Carlota Tuero , Pagola Adriana Uriz , Acha Manuel Fortún Landecho , Azcárate Victor Valentí 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Evaluate and compare the results of weight loss outcomes, comorbidities resolution and complications in the short and long-term between SADI-S and RYGB.
Material and methods
A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Studies comparing SADI-S and RYGB as primary surgery were included if they reported weight loss (total weight loss (TWL), excess weight loss (EWL), or body mass index (BMI) changes), comorbidity remission (diabetes and hypertension), and postoperative outcomes (complications, hospital stay, and operative time). A meta-analysis of mean differences (MD) was conducted to assess continuous outcomes and a meta-analysis of odds ratios (OR) was performed to evaluate the categorical variables, random effects model was used.
Results
Nine studies, including 51,634 patients (2,126 SADI-S; 49508 RYGB), were analysed. Six studies with over one year of follow-up [Mean 3.93 years (1.79)] were included for long-term outcomes, while all nine were considered for short-term outcomes. SADI-S resulted in a statistically significant higher total weight loss (MD 10.02; 95% CI 4.21–15.82; p < 0.001), excess weight loss (MD 10.3; 95% CI 6.9–13.7; p < 0.001) and diabetes remission (OR 3.48; 95% CI 2.02–6.02; p < 0.001). Short-term complications (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.45–1.97; p = 0.89) and severe complications (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.22–1.91; p = 0.43) were similar between groups, but SADI-S had fewer long-term complications (OR 0.17; 95% CI 0.04–0.66; p = 0.01). Operative time (MD 9.2; 95% CI -26.3–44.8; p = 0.6), and hospital stay (MD 0.06; 95% CI -0.69–0.82; p = 0.86) were comparable.
Conclusion
This meta-analysis suggests that SADI-S may offer advantages over RYGB in terms of weight loss and diabetes remission, with a similar safety profile regarding short-term complications and potentially fewer long-term complications.
Suppression of skin lesions and SLE nephritis by increasing Treg in MRL/FASlpr mice by administration of Bee venom Apitoxin®
Authors: Cho Duk-Yeon , Kang Young-Mo , Seol Sang-Ho 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background: Apitoxin®, a drug based on bee venom was approved and released in Korea in 2003 as the Ethical drug (ETC). It is well-known for its pain-relieving properties due to its potent anti-inflammatory effects. This raises the question of whether bee venom has benefits for other inflammatory disorders. Since its effectiveness in treating inflammation and pain associated with autoimmune diseases has been observed in several clinical cases in Korea, we conducted an efficacy using an animal model of the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease of with high medical unmet needs. In this research, we aim to confirm the potential therapeutic efficacy for SLE through the immunomodulation induced by bee venom.
Methods: MRL/FASlpr mice were injected subcutaneously with Apitoxin® and evaluated for clinical parameters including proteinuria, skin lesions, and lymphadenopathy, flow cytometric evaluation of regulatory T cells (Treg), quantitative evaluation of anti-dsDNA antibody in serum by ELISA, and histomorphometric analysis of kidney tissues.
Results: Treatment with Apitoxin® revealed a reduction in proteinuria, skin lesions, and lymphadenopathy in MRL/FASlpr mice. The percentage of CD3+CD4+CD25+FoxP3 (Treg) cells, which are associated with autoimmune diseases, was increased compared to the negative control (vehicle). Quantitative analysis of autoantibodies in the blood of MRL/FASlpr mice showed a decreasing tendency in the treatment groups with Apitoxin®. Moreover, mesangial proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration in glomeruli were significantly reduced in treatment group with Apitoxin®, which was associated with a statistically significant decrease in the amount of IgG infiltrated into the glomeruli.
Conclusion: Overall, the results confirmed that Apitoxin® induced clinical improvement in SLE by increasing the proportion of Treg cells and decreasing anti-dsDNA antibodies in the blood, which results in therapeutic effects on glomerulonephritis associated with decreased renal infiltration of immune complexes.