bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical capacity as a critical condition for responding to COVID-19 in Brazil
Authors: Koga Natália Massaco , Palotti Pedro Lucas de Moura , de Miranda Marques Pontes Pedro Arthur , do Couto Bruno Gontyjo , Soares Marcos Luiz Vieira 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic posed several challenges to the Brazilian health system, among them the general context of ambiguity and uncertainty and the conflicting positioning of the government in power concerning scientific advice resources. Different aspects can be analyzed to explore the dynamics of strengthening and resilience of the system. This paper focuses on its analytical capacity, examining how it was developed and recently challenged. The investigation employed survey data, analysis of official documents and newspaper articles, and in-depth interviews with specialists and federal bureaucrats. The research shows the magnitude and relevance of that dimension of policy capacity in the federal health system and how it was crucial to the resilience of the system in defining the directions of the fight against COVID-19 in Brazil, although scientific-based recommendations were rejected by political leaders.
Predictors of hypogammaglobulinemia in ANCA-associated vasculitis after a rituximab-based induction: a multicentre study
Authors: Podestà Manuel Alfredo , Mescia Federica , Ricchiuto Anna , Smith Rona , Tedesco Martina , Cassia Matthias Arnaldo , Holle Julia , Sinico Renato Alberto , Bruchfeld Annette , Gunnarsson Iva , Ohlsson Sophie , Baslund Bo , Hruskova Zdenka , Tesar Vladimir , Sabiu Gianmarco , Gallieni Maurizio , Cid Maria C , Vaglio Augusto , Harper Lorraine , Cozzolino Mario , Scolari Francesco , Jayne David , Alberici Federico 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Rituximab has become the cornerstone of induction treatment in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). B-cell depletion may increase the risk of hypogammaglobulinemia, potentially leading to severe infections. This study aims to assess factors associated with hypogammaglobulinemia in AAV patients treated with rituximab.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included AAV patients treated with rituximab induction in 14 European centres. Severe adverse events (SAEs) were defined as episodes requiring hospitalization or intravenous antibiotics, malignancies, or death. Linear and logistic regression were used to identify predictors of IgG levels and of the risk of hypogammaglobulinemia, defined as IgG ≤7 g/l at 6 months.

Results
The study included 227 patients. IgG levels at 6 months were lower than baseline (P &lt; 0.001). Patients requiring intravenous antibiotics during the first 6 months had lower IgG levels at 6 months (P = 0.004). Age [β (95% CI): −0.23 (−0.38, −0.08) per 10 years, P = 0.003], oral glucocorticoid dose at induction [β (95% CI): −0.37 (−0.51, −0.24) per sqrt-transformed mg prednisone, P &lt; 0.001] and concomitant use of intravenous glucocorticoid pulses [β (95% CI): −0.88 (−1.73, −0.02), P = 0.044] were associated with IgG levels at 6 months. Hypogammaglobulinemia was identified in 97 (42.7%) patients. In multivariable logistic regression, factors associated with the risk of hypogammaglobulinemia were age [OR (95% CI): 1.46 (1.15, 1.86) per 10 years, P = 0.002] and oral glucocorticoid dose at induction [OR (95% CI): 1.52 (1.23, 1.89) per 10 mg prednisone, P &lt; 0.001].

Conclusions
In AAV patients treated with rituximab, hypogammaglobulinemia at 6 months after induction is common, and lower IgG levels are associated with serious infections. The risk of hypogammaglobulinemia in these patients increases with age and higher glucocorticoid doses.
Whither Quistclose trusts? A non-linear development of the doctrine
Authors: Leung Ada Yee Lam , Leung Samuel Yee Ching 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The term “Quistclose trust” requires little introduction. Prickly Bay Waterside Ltd v British American Insurance Co Ltd [2022] UKPC 8 appears to be another Quistclose trust case adding to the wealth of authority on this subject—but is it? Apart from distilling the previous authorities, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council seems to have set down other signposts to guide the courts. This article discusses the development of the Quistclose doctrine brought by this Privy Council decision. In particular, it will explore the purported refinement of the test of Quistclose trust, the relevant intention to be proven under the test, the issues in relation to fiduciary duty in this context, and also the way forward.
Differentiation in poult plumage color of f1 progeny from crosses between white and black indigenous turkeys
Authors: Ewuola E O , Olarinre I O 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A study assessed the poult plumage color of F1 progeny from artificially inseminated crossings between white and black indigenous turkeys. 72 hens (32 black, 40 white) and 10 toms were used (5 black and 5 white). The turkeys were grouped into four treatments based on the breeding plans: T1 (White toms × White hens), T2 (Black toms × Black hens), T3 (White toms × black hens), and T4 (Black toms × White hens). Semen was harvested from five white toms, pooled, and inseminated into hens in T1 and T3. Semen harvested from five black toms were also pooled and inseminated into hens in T2 and T4. All inseminations were carried out immediately after collection, and each hen received a dose of 0.02 mL. Insemination was done for 2 consecutive days in week 1 and once weekly; eggs were collected and incubated weekly for 12 weeks. Poult plumage colors were monitored and recorded weekly after the first 28 d. Average fertility in each of the treatments 1 (99.63%), 2 (99.81%), 3 (99.84%), and 4 (99.27%) were not significantly (P &gt; 0.05) different among the treatments. Hatchability was highest in T2 (72.54%) and least in T1 (57.67%). Percentage white plumage poults in treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 88.73%, 31.61%, 58.15%, and 54.63%, respectively. Percentage black plumage poults in T1, T2, T3, and T4 were 6.97%, 33.04%, 15.26%, and 23.76%, respectively, while 4.30%, 35.35%, 26.57%, and 21.61% were percentage checkered plumage poults in T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. There was no significant (P &gt; 0.05) difference in the percentage checkered obtained in T2, T3, and T4; percentage of white poult in T3 and T4; percentage of black poult in T3 and T1. The major determinant of poult plumage color concerning quantity was the plumage color of breeder tom semen used for insemination.
Neighborhood socioeconomic status and mortality in the nurses’ health study (NHS) and the nurses’ health study II (NHSII)
Authors: DeVille Nicole V. , Iyer Hari S. , Holland Isabel , Bhupathiraju Shilpa N. , Chai Boyang , James Peter , Kawachi Ichiro , Laden Francine , Hart Jaime E. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Few studies have prospectively examined long-term associations between neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) and mortality risk, independent of demographic and lifestyle risk factors.

Methods:
We assessed associations between nSES and all-cause, nonaccidental mortality among women in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) 1986–2014 (N = 101,701) and Nurses’ Health Study II (NHSII) 1989–2015 (N = 101,230). Mortality was ascertained from the National Death Index (NHS: 19,228 deaths; NHSII: 1556 deaths). Time-varying nSES was determined for the Census tract of each residential address. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to identify nSES variable groups. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were conditioned on age and calendar period and included time-varying demographic, lifestyle, and individual SES factors.

Results:
For NHS, hazard ratios (HRs) comparing the fifth to first nSES quintiles ranged from 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.84, 0.94) for percent of households receiving interest/dividends, to 1.11 (95% CI = 1.06, 1.17) for percent of households receiving public assistance income. In NHSII, HRs ranged from 0.72 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.88) for the percent of households receiving interest/dividends, to 1.27 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.49) for the proportion of households headed by a single female. PCA revealed three constructs: education/income, poverty/wealth, and racial composition. The racial composition construct was associated with mortality (HRNHS: 1.03; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.04).

Conclusion:
In two cohorts with extensive follow-up, individual nSES variables and PCA component scores were associated with mortality. nSES is an important population-level predictor of mortality, even among a cohort of women with little individual-level variability in SES.
Importance of pharmacologic considerations in the development of targeted anticancer agents for children
Authors: Veluvolu Sridhar M. , Grohar Patrick J. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to describe key pharmacologic considerations to inform strategies in drug development for pediatric cancer.

Recent findings
Main themes that will be discussed include considering patient specific factors, epigenetic/genetic tumor context, and drug schedule when optimizing protocols to treat pediatric cancers.

Summary
Considering these factors will allow us to more effectively translate novel targeted therapies to benefit pediatric patients.
Progesterone/Estradiol Ratio Is Related to Real-Life Alcohol Consumption in Alcohol Use Disorder in a Sex- and Menstrual Cycle Phase-Dependent Manner
Authors: Hoffmann Sabine , Gerhardt Sarah , Mühle Christiane , Reinhard Iris , Reichert Dominic , Bach Patrick , Boroumand-Jazi Rafat , Kuehner Christine , Aguilera Alvaro , Aslan Acelya , Bahr Nadja S. , Belanger Matthew , Deeken Friederike , Ebrahimi Claudia , Fischbach Pascale C. , Ganz Marvin , Garbusow Maria , Großkopf Charlotte M. , Heigert Marie , Hentschel Angela , Karl Damian , Liu Shuyan , Mazza Massimiliano , Pelz Patricia , Pinger Mathieu , Reichl Matthias , Riemerschmid Carlotta , Rosenthal Annika , Steffen Johannes , Strehle Jens , Wedemeyer Friederike , Weiss Franziska , Wenzel Julia , Wieder Gesine , Wieland Alfred , Zaiser Judith , Zech Hilmar , Zimmermann Sina , Kornhuber Johannes , Müller Christian P. , Sommer Wolfgang H. , Spanagel Rainer , Banaschewski Tobias , Deserno Lorenz , Ebner-Priemer Ulrich W. , Flor Herta , Kirsch Peter , Rietschel Marcella , Vollstädt-Klein Sabine , Walter Henrik , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Rapp Michael A. , Witt Stephanie , Smolka Michael N. , Heinz Andreas , Tost Heike , Kiefer Falk , Reichert Markus , Lenz Bernd ,   the ReCoDe-Consortium
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is a critical public health issue with sex-specific characteristics and the need for a better mechanistic understanding. Initial evidence suggests that progesterone can reduce alcohol intake, while estradiol leads to an increase. However, we lack knowledge about how progesterone relative to estradiol influences alcohol use patterns in females and males with AUD.MethodsThis multicenter within-subject study analyzed data on real-life alcohol use (21,438 intensively-sampled smartphone entries), menstrual cycle, and serum progesterone/estradiol ratios (677 blood samples) gathered during a 12-month follow-up in 74 naturally cycling females and 285 males with AUD (mean age: 29.7 and 37.8 years, respectively; data collection: 2020–2022). We used multilevel modelling to identify changes in alcohol use and progesterone/estradiol ratios across the menstrual cycle in females and associations between progesterone/estradiol ratios and alcohol use in males.ResultsDuring the late luteal phase, females showed 0.6- to 0.8-fold lower (predicted) probabilities of binge drinking and 2.8- to 5.6-fold higher mean progesterone/estradiol ratios compared to the menstrual, follicular, and ovulatory phases. Similarly, in males, an increase of 10 units in the progesterone/estradiol ratio was related to 8 and 9% lower probabilities of binge drinking and any alcohol use, respectively.ConclusionsBased on ecologically valid results, this study reveals that higher progesterone/estradiol ratios can protect against problematic alcohol use in females and males with AUD. Therefore, the progesterone/estradiol ratio is a promising treatment target. Translated into clinical practice, our results also indicate that females with AUD may benefit from menstrual cycle phase-tailored treatments.
Public perspectives towards extended community pharmacies services in Saudi Arabia: an online cross-sectional study
Authors: Alghamdi Khalid S. , Petzold Max , Ewis Ashraf A. , Alsugoor Mahdi H. , Saaban Khalid , Hussain-Alkhateeb Laith 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn many developed countries, the scope of community pharmacy services has extended to deliver more advanced applications. Unlike the traditional practice focusing on pharmaceutical sales, extended community pharmacy services (ECPSs) are patient-centred, typically offered by specialised healthcare centres, which improve public health, reduce pressure imposed on healthcare professionals and rationalise the health system expenditure. However, several studies have revealed that community pharmacies (CPs) provide only marginalised services. Therefore, a public review is crucial for effectively utilising such healthcare-complementary professional services. This study explores CPs utilisation among the Saudi public in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and barriers towards ECPSs.Materials and MethodsA cross-sectional web-based survey of a non-probability sample was conducted between October and December 2021. Numerical and graphical descriptive statistics were employed with an additional analytical assessment using binary logistic regression for the association between characteristics of participants and barriers to utilising ECPSs.ResultsA total of 563 subjects participated, of which about 33% considered CPs the first place to visit if they have medication concerns. Most were unfamiliar with medication therapy management and health screening services (77%%, and 68%, respectively). Pharmacy clinics for receiving private counselling and electronic patients’ medical records were unknown facilities to them (79% and 63%, respectively). A substantial portion considered the lack of privacy (58%) and inadequate communication with the community pharmacists (56%) as key barriers. The logistic regression analysis revealed that the underdeveloped infrastructure of CPs was significantly associated with almost all factors. Privacy issues concerned females, highly educated and high-income individuals, and those with health insurance. In addition, low socio-economic status, subjects with special needs or chronic diseases, non-health insured and smokers were less likely to utilise the ECPSs due to economic reasons.ConclusionsThe most public was under-utilised services and facilities. Positive attitudes were associated with public concerns regarding their privacy and the cost of services. In line with the Saudi vision 2030, supporting CPs and increasing public awareness towards ECPSs will have significant public health implications.
Endogenous opioid release following orgasm in man: A combined PET-fMRI study
Authors: Jern Patrick , Chen Jinglu , Tuisku Jouni , Saanijoki Tiina , Hirvonen Jussi , Lukkarinen Lasse , Manninen Sandra , Helin Semi , Putkinen Vesa , Nummenmaa Lauri 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSex is one of the most rewarding and motivating behaviours for humans. Endogenous mu-opioid receptor system (MORs) plays a key role in the mammalian reward circuit. Both human and animal experiments suggest the involvements of MORs in human sexual pleasure, yet this hypothesis currently lacks in vivo support. We used positron emission tomography (PET) with the radioligand [11C]carfentanil, which has high affinity for MORs to quantify endogenous opioid release following orgasm in man. Subjects were scanned twice: Once immediately after reaching an orgasm and once in a baseline state. Haemodynamic activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging during penile stimulation from partner. The PET data revealed significant opioid release in hippocampus. Haemodynamic activity in somatosensory and motor cortices as well as hippocampus and thalamus increased during penile stimulation, and thalamic activation was linearly dependent on self-reported sexual arousal. Altogether these data show that endogenous opioidergic activation in the medial temporal lobe is centrally involved in sexual arousal.
Ectopic activation of the polar body extrusion pathway triggers cell fragmentation in preimplantation embryos
Authors: Pelzer Diane , de Plater Ludmilla , Bradbury Peta , Eichmuller Adrien , Bourdais Anne , Halet Guillaume , Maître Jean-Léon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCell fragmentation occurs during physiological processes, such as apoptosis, migration, or germ cell development. Fragmentation is also commonly observed during preimplantation development of human embryos and is associated with poor implantation prognosis during Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) procedures. Despite its biological and clinical relevance, the mechanisms leading to cell fragmentation are unclear. Light sheet microscopy imaging of mouse embryos reveals that compromised spindle anchoring, due to Myo1c knockout or dynein inhibition, leads to fragmentation. We further show that defective spindle anchoring brings DNA in close proximity to the cell cortex, which, in stark contrast to previous reports in mitotic cells, locally triggers actomyosin contractility and pinches off cell fragments. The activation of actomyosin contractility by DNA in preimplantation embryos is reminiscent of the signals mediated by small GTPases throughout polar body extrusion (PBE) during meiosis. By interfering with the signals driving PBE, we find that this meiotic signaling pathway remains active during cleavage stages and is both required and sufficient to trigger fragmentation. Together, we find that fragmentation happens in mitosis after ectopic activation of actomyosin contractility by signals emanating from DNA, similar to those observed during meiosis. Our study uncovers the mechanisms underlying fragmentation in preimplantation embryos and, more generally, offers insight into the regulation of mitosis during the maternal-zygotic transition.
Neurobiological and Behavioral Characterization of Adult Male and Female Mice in Prolonged Social Isolation
Authors: Heng Vibol , Zigmond Michael , Smeyne Richard Jay 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs social animals, our health depends in part on interactions with other human beings. Yet millions suffer from chronic social isolation, including those in nursing/assisted living facilities and people experiencing chronic loneliness. Perhaps the most egregious form of chronic isolation is seen in criminal justice system, where approximately 80,000 people are housed, on any one day, in solitary confinement. In this study, we developed a model of isolation that starts in adulthood. Mice (C57BL/6J) were born and raised in an enriched environment until 4 months of age and then either maintained in that environment or moved to social isolation for 1 or 3 months. We then examined neuronal structure, catecholamine and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, and CNS-mediated behaviors, comparing social isolation to enriched environment controls. We found there were significant changes in neuronal volume, dendritic length, neuronal complexity, and spine density that were dependent on brain region, sex, and duration of the isolation. Isolation altered dopamine in the striatum and serotonin levels in the forebrain in a sex-dependent manner, and also reduced levels of BDNF in the motor cortex and hippocampus of male but not female mice. To determine if SI altered a behavior, we tested mice in the open-field (general activity), the resident intruder paradigm (aggression), the tail suspension test (depression), and the Barnes maze (spatial memory). Adult male mice isolated for 1 month exhibited increased locomotor activity, aggression, and enhanced aspects of spatial memory, most of which remained after 3 months of isolation. After 3 months of isolation, mice also exhibited depressive behaviors. Similar (but not exact) results were seen in female mice, with the exception that the females did not show increased aggression. These studies show that isolation enforced in adulthood has significant impact on brain structure, neurochemistry, and behavior.
Variance (un)explained: Experimental conditions and temporal dependencies explain similarly small proportions of reaction time variability in linear models of perceptual and cognitive tasks
Authors: Perquin Marlou Nadine , Heed Tobias , Kayser Christoph 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAny series of sensorimotor actions shows fluctuations in speed and accuracy from repetition to repetition, even when the sensory input and motor output requirements remain identical over time. Such fluctuations are particularly prominent in reaction time (RT) series from laboratory neurocognitive tasks. Despite their omnipresent nature, trial-to-trial fluctuations remain poorly understood. Here, we systematically analysed RT series from various neurocognitive tasks, quantifying how much of the total trial-to-trial RT variance can be explained with general linear models (GLMs) by three sources of variability that are frequently investigated in behavioural and neuroscientific research: 1) experimental conditions, employed to induce systematic patterns in variability, 2) short-term temporal dependencies as the autocorrelation between subsequent trials, and 3) long-term temporal trends over experimental blocks and sessions. Furthermore, we examined to what extent the explained variances by these sources are shared or unique. We analysed 1913 unique RT series from 30 different cognitive control and perception-based tasks. On average, the three sources together explained ∼8-17% of the total variance. The experimental conditions explained on average ∼2.5-3.5% but did not share explained variance with temporal dependencies. Thus, the largest part of the trial-to-trial fluctuations in RT remained unexplained by these three sources. Unexplained fluctuations may take on non-linear forms that are not picked up by GLMs. They may also be partially attributable to observable endogenous factors such as fluctuations in brain activity and bodily states. Still, some extent of randomness may be a feature of the neurobiological system rather than just nuisance.Public significance statementWhen we perform stereotyped repetitive sensorimotor actions, these nevertheless exhibit remarkable variability over time even under laboratory conditions. We show that most of this variability is not explained by linear models including two factors frequently studied in experimental psychology or cognitive neuroscience: the manipulations introduced by the experimenters and endogenous temporal dependencies that arise over multiple timescales. This implies that moment-to-moment fluctuations in typical behavioural data are largely unpredictable by linear models. Endogenous processes may also influence these fluctuations even in highly stable environments. It remains an empirical question to what extent exogenous and endogenous sources influence fluctuations non-linearly.