bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does liming improve microbial carbon use efficiency after maize litter addition in a tropical acidic soil?
Authors: Moran-Rodas Virna Estefania , Joergensen Rainer Georg , Wachendorf Christine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSoil pH is one of the main drivers of soil microbial functions, including carbon use efficiency (CUE), the efficiency of microorganisms in converting substrate C into biomass, a key parameter for C sequestration. We evaluated liming effects after maize-litter addition on total CUE (including microbial residues), CUE of microbial biomass (CUEMB), and fungal biomass on an acidic Acrisol with a low C. We established a 6-week incubation experiment to compare limed and unlimed Acrisol treatments and a reference soil, a neighboring Nitisol with optimal pH. Fungal biomass (ergosterol) increased ~ 10 times after litter addition compared with soils without litter, and the final amount was greater in the limed Acrisol than the Nitisol. Litter addition induced a positive priming effect that increased with increasing pH. The increases in soil pH also led to increases in litter-derived CO2C and decreases in particulate organic matter (POM)C. Thus, in spite of increasing microbial biomass C, CUE decreased with increasing pH and CUEMB was similar across the three soils. CUEMB was positively associated with saprotrophic fungi, implying that fungi are more efficient in incorporating litter-derived C into microbial, especially fungal biomass after 42 days. By including undecomposed maize litter and microbial residues, CUE provided a more comprehensive interpretation of pH and liming effects than CUEMB. Nevertheless, longer-term studies may provide further information on substrate-C turnover and the persistence of liming and pH effects.
Association of meal timing with body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults
Authors: Dote-Montero Manuel , Acosta Francisco M. , Sanchez-Delgado Guillermo , Merchan-Ramirez Elisa , Amaro-Gahete Francisco J. , Labayen Idoia , Ruiz Jonatan R. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the association of meal timing with body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study participated 118 young adults (82 women; 22 ± 2 years old; BMI: 25.1 ± 4.6 kg/m2). Meal timing was determined via three non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Sleep outcomes were objectively assessed using accelerometry. The eating window (time between first and last caloric intake), caloric midpoint (local time at which ≥ 50% of daily calories are consumed), eating jetlag (variability of the eating midpoint between non-working and working days), time from the midsleep point to first food intake, and time from last food intake to midsleep point were calculated. Body composition was determined by DXA. Blood pressure and fasting cardiometabolic risk factors (i.e., triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and insulin resistance) were measured.

Results
Meal timing was not associated with body composition (p > 0.05). The eating window was negatively related to HOMA-IR and cardiometabolic risk score in men (R2 = 0.348, β = − 0.605; R2 = 0.234, β = − 0.508; all p ≤ 0.003). The time from midsleep point to first food intake was positively related to HOMA-IR and cardiometabolic risk score in men (R2 = 0.212, β = 0.485; R2 = 0.228, β = 0.502; all p = 0.003). These associations remained after adjusting for confounders and multiplicity (all p ≤ 0.011).

Conclusions
Meal timing seems unrelated to body composition in young adults. However, a longer daily eating window and a shorter time from midsleep point to first food intake (i.e., earlier first food intake in a 24 h cycle) are associated with better cardiometabolic health in young men.

Clinical trial registration
NCT02365129 (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02365129?term=ACTIBATE&draw=2&rank=1).
“Koehlers teardrop is not a reliable landmark for assessing the centre of rotation after Total hip arthroplasty” – a retrospective radiological study
Authors: Heinz Kristian , Nowack Dimitri , von Eisenhart-Rothe Rüdiger , Wassilew Georgi , Matziolis Georg , Brodt Steffen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Various anatomical landmarks have become established in radiography for the assessment of cup positioning after total hip arthroplasty (THA). The most important one is Koehler's teardrop figure (KTF). However, there is a lack of data on the validity of this landmark, which is widely used clinically for assessing the centre of rotation of the hip.

Method
A retrospective measurement of the lateral and cranial distance of the KTF to the centre of hip rotation was performed on the basis of 250 X-ray images of patients who had undergone THA. In addition, the dependence of these distances on pelvic tilt was determined in 16 patients by means of virtual X-ray projections based on pelvic CTs.

Results
It was shown that the distance of the KTF from the centre of hip rotation in the horizontal plane is gender-dependent (men: 42.8 ± 6.0 mm vs. women: 37.4 ± 4.7 mm; p < 0.001) and age-dependent (Pearson correlation  – 0.114; p < 0.05). Furthermore, the vertical and horizontal distances are subject to variation depending on height (Pearson correlation 0.14; p < 0.05 and 0.40; p < 0.001, respectively) and weight (Pearson correlation 0.158; p < 0.05). The distance between the KTF and the centre of hip rotation varies slightly depending on pelvic tilt.

Conclusion
The KTF is not a sufficiently valid landmark for assessing the centre of rotation after THA. It is influenced by many different disturbance variables. However, it is largely robust against changes in pelvic tilt, so that it can be used as a reference point when comparing different intraindividual radiographs to assess the change in the centre of rotation due to implantation or to detect cup migration.
Gastrointestinal complications after fast-track total hip and knee replacement: an observational study in a consecutive 36,932 patient cohort
Authors: Daugberg Louise O. H. , Kehlet Henrik , Petersen Pelle B. , Jakobsen Thomas , Jørgensen Christoffer C. ,   The Lundbeck Foundation Centre for Fast-track Hip and Knee Replacement collaborative Group, Madsen Frank , Hansen Torben Bæk , Gromov Kirill , Hansen Lars Tambour , Varnum Claus , Andersen Mikkel Rathsach , Krarup Niels Harry , Overgaard Søren 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Gastrointestinal complications after total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA) have been reported to be between 0.3 and 2.6% with bleeding and C. difficile infection in 0–1%, and 0.1–1.7%, respectively. The use of enhanced recovery or “fast-track” protocols have focused on optimizing all aspects of perioperative care resulting in reduced length of hospital stay (LOS) and potentially also gastrointestinal complications. This study is a detailed analysis on the occurrence of postoperative gastrointestinal complications resulting in increased hospital stay or readmissions in a large consecutive cohort of fast-track THA and TKA with complete 90 days follow-up.

Materials and methods
This is an observational study on a consecutive cohort of primary unilateral THAs and TKAs performed between January 2010 and August 2017 in nine Danish high-volume fast-track centers. Discharge summaries and relevant patient records were reviewed in patients with readmissions within 90 days or LOS > 4 days caused by gastrointestinal complications.

Results
The cohort included 36,932 patients with 58.3% females and 54.1% THAs. Mean age and BMI were 68 years and 28. Median postoperative LOS was 2 days. Only n: 276 (0.75 %) had a LOS > 4 days or a readmission within 90 days due to a gastrointestinal complication (CI 0.67%–0.84%). Of these, only 34 (0.09%) were graded as severe ileus or gastrointestinal bleeding.

Conclusions
The risk of GI-complications within the first 90 postoperative days after fast-track THA and TKA was low (0.75%).
Impact of structural-level environmental interventions on physical activity: a systematic review
Authors: Hernández Edgar D. , Cobo Elisa A. , Cahalin Lawrence P. , Seron Pamela 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective
To determine the effectiveness of structural-level environmental interventions on the changes in PA levels in the populations examined.

Methods
Natural experiments that involve environmental intervention with structural modification were included. The primary outcome PA levels with consideration of both objective and subjective measurements. An electronic search was carried out in Medline/Pubmed, SCIENCE DIRECT, WEB OF SCIENCE, and CINAHL up to January 2022. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts, selected studies, extracted relevant data, and examined study quality. A qualitative synthesis was performed.

Results
Twenty-six articles were included. The structural-level environmental interventions included 4 fundamental areas: schools, work environments, streets or cities, and neighborhoods or parks. Of the 26 studies, 21 examined outdoor environments like parks, cities, pedestrian walkways, or steps, while 5 examined indoor or closed environments like schools and workplaces revealing that structural-level environmental interventions improve PA levels with the greatest effect in parks and active transportation. A risk of bias is inherent in natural experiments which is a limitation of this study. In schools and work areas, there is evidence of both decrease in sedentary time and an increase in PA related to environmental modifications.

Conclusion
Structural-level environmental modifications in parks and active transportation demonstrated greater effects in promoting PA. Environmental modifications can impact physical activity in the population. Given that the economic and cultural setting is a key variable when considering the effectiveness of structural interventions, and since only 1 of the 26 reviewed articles included such data, more studies examining economic factors are needed especially in low- and middle-income countries like in South America.

Trial registration
PROSPERO CRD42021229718.
Diabetesschulung und -beratung bei Erwachsenen mit Diabetes (Update 2023)
Authors: Weitgasser Raimund , Ciardi Christian , Traub Julia , Barta Merlena , Riedl Michaela , Clodi Martin , Ludvik Bernhard 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDiabetesschulung und Selbstmanagement nehmen eine zentrale Rolle in der Diabetesbetreuung ein. Das dabei angestrebte Patient:innen-Empowerment zielt auf die aktive Beeinflussung des Diabetesverlaufs durch Selbstkontrolle und Therapieanpassung sowie die Befähigung der Betroffenen, den Diabetes in ihren Alltag zu integrieren und an ihre Lebensumstände entsprechend anzupassen. Eine Diabetesschulung ist allen Personen mit Diabetes zugänglich zu machen. Um ein strukturiertes und validiertes Schulungsprogramm anbieten zu können, sind adäquate personelle, räumliche, organisatorische und finanzielle Voraussetzungen nötig. Neben dem Zuwachs an Wissen über die Erkrankung konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine strukturierte Diabetesschulung ergebnisorientiert Parameter wie Blutzucker, HbA1c, Blutfette, Blutdruck und Körpergewicht positiv beeinflussen kann. Neuere Schulungsmodelle betonen neben der Ernährung die körperliche Bewegung als wichtigen Bestandteil der Lebensstil-Therapie und bedienen sich interaktiver Methoden, um die persönliche Verantwortung herauszuarbeiten. Spezifische Situationen (z. B. verminderte Hypoglykämie-Erkennung, Krankheit, Reisen), das Auftreten diabetischer Folgeerkrankungen und der Einsatz technischer Geräte wie Glukosesensor-Systeme und Insulinpumpen bedürfen zusätzlicher Schulungsmaßnahmen unterstützt durch adäquate elektronische Hilfsmittel (Diabetes-Apps, Diabetes-Web-Portale). Neue Erkenntnisse belegen den Nutzen telemedizinischer oder internetbasierter Dienste für die Diabetesprävention und das Diabetesmanagement.
Diabetische Neuropathie und diabetischer Fuß (Update 2023)
Authors: Köhler Gerd , Eichner Marlies , Abrahamian Heidemarie , Kofler Markus , Sturm Wolfgang , Menzel Anja 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff der diabetischen Neuropathie ist eine Sammelbezeichnung für Erkrankungen des peripheren Nervensystems die als Spätkomplikation des Diabetes mellitus auftreten.Die Leitlinienempfehlungen beschreiben die klinischen Symptome und diagnostischen Möglichkeiten, sowie die Therapiemaßnahmen insbesondere bei der schmerzhaften Form der sensomotorischen Neuropathie, einschließlich der komplexen Problematik des diabetischen Fußes.
Supervised resistance exercise for women with ovarian cancer who have completed first-line treatment: a pragmatic study
Authors: Schofield Christelle , Newton Robert U. , Taaffe Dennis R. , Galvão Daniel A. , Cohen Paul A. , Meniawy Tarek M. , Peddle-McIntyre Carolyn J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objectives
In ovarian cancer (OC), suboptimal muscle morphology (i.e., low muscle mass and density) is associated with poor clinical outcomes, yet little is known about the effect of interventions aimed at improving these measures. We investigated the effect of resistance exercise after first-line treatment on muscle mass and density, muscle strength and physical function, health-related quality of life (QoL), and pelvic-floor function in advanced-stage OC survivors.

Methods
Fifteen OC survivors participated in supervised resistance exercise twice weekly for 12 weeks (in-clinic or by telehealth). Assessments included muscle mass and density (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, peripheral quantitative computed tomography), muscle strength (1-repetition maximum [1RM] chest press, 5RM leg press, handgrip strength), physical function (400-m walk, timed up-and-go [TUG]), QoL (QLQ-C30 questionnaire), and self-reported pelvic floor function (Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire).

Results
The median age was 64 (range 33–72) years, 10 women underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and five underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. All participants completed the intervention (median attendance = 92%; range 79–100%). Post-intervention improvements were observed for whole-body lean mass (1.0 ± 1.4 kg, p = 0.015), appendicular lean mass (0.6 ± 0.9 kg, p = 0.013), muscle density (p = 0.011), upper and lower body strength (p ≤ 0.001), 400-m walk (p = 0.001), TUG (p = 0.005), and social and cognitive QoL domains (p = 0.002 and 0.007), with no change to pelvic floor symptoms (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
In this study, supervised resistance exercise effectively improved muscle mass and density, muscle strength, and physical functioning without deleterious effects on the pelvic floor. Considering the prognostic value of these outcomes, larger studies are needed to confirm the benefits of resistance exercise in OC supportive care.
Räumliche Entwicklung der Musikwirtschaft in Deutschland
Authors: Litmeyer Marie-Louise , Diller Christian 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungFür eine räumlich differenzierende Betrachtung der räumlichen Entwicklung der Musikwirtschaft in Deutschland auf Ebene der Kreise und kreisfreien Städte steht lediglich die Statistik der sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten zur Verfügung. In dieser wird jedoch nur etwa ein Viertel der Erwerbstätigen der Musikwirtschaft erfasst. Gleichwohl erbringt die Auswertung der Entwicklungen in einigen Bereichen interessante Ergebnisse. In der Gruppe der musikalisch Kreativen mit festen Beschäftigungsverhältnissen ist eine Konzentration auf kulturell traditionsreiche Großstädte vor allem in der räumlichen Mitte Deutschlands auffallend. In der Gruppe der Musikinstrumentenherstellung, die den Strukturwandel weitgehend bewältigt hat, sind die traditionellen Muster mit Schwerpunkten in Thüringen, Sachsen und Bayern nach wie vor gut ablesbar. Die beiden untersuchten Bereiche sind zwar eher zu den traditionellen und weniger dynamischen Segmenten der Musikwirtschaft zu zählen. Vertiefte Untersuchungen, die vor allem auch die dynamischeren Bereiche der Musikproduktion und der Musikveranstaltungen beinhalten und die die Selbstständigen mit einbeziehen, sind letztlich nur auf Basis entsprechend ausgerichteter Primärerhebungen möglich.
Application of Boruta algorithms as a robust methodology for performance evaluation of CMIP6 general circulation models for hydro-climatic studies
Authors: Lawal I. M. , Bertram D. , White C. J. , Kutty S. R. M. , Hassan I. , Jagaba A. H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRegional climate models are essential for climate change projections and hydrologic modelling studies, especially in watersheds that are overly sensitive to changes in climate. Accurate hydrologic model development is a daunting task in data-sparse regions where climate change’s impact on hydrologic and water quality processes is necessary for a well-informed policy decision on adaptation and hazard mitigation strategies. Novel approaches have been evolving that evaluated GCMs with the objective of improved parameterization to limit uncertainty and improve hydrologic model development. However, conclusions drawn should be purpose-driven based on intended usage. This study provides an overview of the state-of-the-art Boruta random forest as a robust methodology in the performance evaluation of GCMs models for hydroclimatic study. Highlights from the assessment indicate that (1) there is consistency in replicating the three observed climate variables of daily precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature respectively, (2) better temporal correlation (R2 = 0.95) in annual precipitation with a mean bias of 0.638mm/year, when compared to symmetrical uncertainty (SU) (R2 = 0.82), and all models ensembles (AME) (R2 = 0.88) with associated biases of 68.19mm/year and 10.57mm/year, respectively. Evaluation of the multi-year climate extreme indices, trends and magnitude reveal that there is a fair representation of basin-scale observed climate extreme events. However, the Boruta random forest approach exhibited a better statistical trend and magnitude of the extreme event in the basin. The findings of the study revealed enhanced GCM dataset evaluation and present a simple and efficient methodology to examine the limitations associated with the selected GCM ensemble for impact study in hydrology.
Mortality, complication risks, and clinical outcomes after surgical treatment of spinal epidural abscess: a comparative analysis of patients aged 18–64 years, 65–79 years, and ≥ 80 years, with a 3-year follow-up
Authors: Lenga Pavlina , Gülec Gelo , Kiening Karl , Unterberg Andreas W. , Ishak Basem 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) with pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis (PVO) is a rare illness with a steadily increasing incidence. However, comparative analyses of young and older patients with SEA are lacking. We aimed to compare the clinical course of patients aged 18–64 years, 65–79 years, and ≥ 80 years undergoing surgery for SEA. Clinical and imaging data were retrospectively collected from the institutional database between September 2005 and December 2021. Ninety-nine patients aged 18–64 years, 45 patients aged 65–79 years, and 32 patients ≥ 80 years were enrolled. Patients ≥ 80 years presented with a poorer baseline history (9.2 ± 2.4), as indicated by the CCI, than their younger counterparts (18–74 years: 4.8 ± 1.6;6.5 ± 2.5; p < 0.001). Patients aged 65–79 years and 80 years had a significantly longer length of stay. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in those aged ≥ 80 years compared to their younger counterparts (≥ 80 years, n = 3, 9.4% vs. 18–64 years, n = 0, 0.0%; 65–79 years, n = 0, 0.0%; p < 0.001), while no differences in 90-day mortality or 30-day readmission were observed. After surgery, a significant decrease in C-reactive protein levels and leukocytes and amelioration of motor scores were observed in all the groups. Of note, older age (> 65 years), presence of comorbidities, and poor preoperative neurological condition were significant predictors of mortality. Surgical management led to significant improvements in laboratory and clinical parameters in all age groups. However, older patients are prone to multiple risks, requiring meticulous evaluation before surgery. Nevertheless, the risk profile of younger patients should not be underestimated. The study has the limitations of a retrospective design and small sample size. Larger randomized studies are warranted to establish the guidelines for the optimal management of patients from every age group and to identify the patients who can benefit from solely conservative management.
Treatment of Invasive Aspergillosis: How It’s Going, Where It’s Heading
Authors: Boyer Johannes , Feys Simon , Zsifkovits Isabella , Hoenigl Martin , Egger Matthias 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite improvements in treatment and diagnostics over the last two decades, invasive aspergillosis (IA) remains a devastating fungal disease. The number of immunocompromised patients and hence vulnerable hosts increases, which is paralleled by the emergence of a rise in IA cases. Increased frequencies of azole-resistant strains are reported from six continents, presenting a new challenge for the therapeutic management. Treatment options for IA currently consist of three classes of antifungals (azoles, polyenes, echinocandins) with distinctive advantages and shortcomings. Especially in settings of difficult to treat IA, comprising drug tolerance/resistance, limiting drug–drug interactions, and/or severe underlying organ dysfunction, novel approaches are urgently needed. Promising new drugs for the treatment of IA are in late-stage clinical development, including olorofim (a dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor), fosmanogepix (a Gwt1 enzyme inhibitor), ibrexafungerp (a triterpenoid), opelconazole (an azole optimized for inhalation) and rezafungin (an echinocandin with long half-life time). Further, new insights in the pathophysiology of IA yielding immunotherapy as a potential add-on therapy. Current investigations show encouraging results, so far mostly in preclinical settings. In this review we discuss current treatment strategies, give an outlook on possible new pharmaceutical therapeutic options, and, lastly, provide an overview of the ongoing research in immunotherapy for IA.
Transient CO Oxidation as a Versatile Technique to Investigate Cu2+ Titration, Speciation and Sites Hydrolysis on Cu–CHA Catalysts: The Cu Loading Effect
Authors: Iacobone Umberto , Nova Isabella , Tronconi Enrico , Villamaina Roberta , Ruggeri Maria Pia , Collier Jillian , Thompsett David 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe investigation of the ZCu2+(OH)− and Z2Cu2+ ions modifications during NH3-SCR on Cu–CHA catalysts is a key aspect to clarify the still-debated low-T redox SCR mechanism. In previous works, the dry transient CO oxidation protocol has been employed to identify the generation of dinuclear Cu2+ structures under conditions representative of the low-T SCR–RHC: NH3 solvation promotes the inter-cage mobility and coupling of ZCu2+(OH)−, acting as the catalytic centers for the CO oxidation process, while Z2Cu2+ results inactive. Herein the same protocol, with pre-stored NH3, has been applied to a set of Cu–CHA catalysts with variable Cu loading (0.7–2.4% w/w) but fixed Si/Al: an increasing Cu content produced a net positive effect on the CO2 production, coherent with a growing ZCu2+(OH)− population, while a further enhancement was observed in the presence of H2O. The analysis of the integral CO2 production enabled to predict the maximum CO conversion, corresponding to the titration of the whole ZCu2+(OH)− content for each catalyst under dry condition, verifying the initial mechanism. Conversely, in the presence of water, the analysis evaluated an asymptotic titration of the total catalyst Cu2+ contents. This finding permits to generalize a recent study where combined TRMs, DFT and FTIR were used to probe the complete reversible Cu2+ sites hydrolysis and pairing in the presence of H2O and NH3, thus activating the participation of Z2Cu2+ species, too. These results also highlight the versatility and effectiveness of the CO oxidation protocol as a multi-purpose technique to study the Cu2+ ions in Cu–CHA catalysts.