bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing challenges to carrying out intervention programs with youth populations: Successes and strategies
Authors: Trivedi‐Bateman Neema , Martingano Alison Jane 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe identify five challenges notoriously faced by researchers conducting youth intervention studies: access to the target population, successful recruitment, ensuring continued attendance, promoting engaged, enthused, and task‐focused participation, and efficient data collection. To ensure research quality, we have devised strategies to address these obstacles. Successes and lessons are included from The Compass Project (TCP), a 9‐week morality strengthening program designed to facilitate positive attitudinal and behavioral outcomes in young people. Despite four of the five identified challenges being overcome in TCP, the fifth challenge of data collection was insurmountable as many participants failed to complete questionnaire scales. We propose that researchers build on our success by building rapport and trust with participants and youth organizations and building a participant sense of community, and improve upon our design by scrutinizing the format, accessibility, and length of data measures. Ultimately, tests of whether intervention programs can result in positive outcomes in the lives of young people hinge on adequately overcoming the identified challenges. Implementation of the proposed strategies will be instrumental to allow for meaningful and powerful statistical analyses to more accurately gauge the positive impact of intervention programs on young people's lives.
Identification of Important Factors When Measuring School Climate: Latent Construct Validation and Exploration
Authors: Siebert Carl F. , Holloway Stefanie D. , DuBois David L. , Bavarian Niloofar , Lewis Kendra M. , Flay Brian 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDResearchers regularly must decide what information is necessary to understand school climate and how to include climate in a study. For example, which factors and/or scales should be used, is using just 1 scale for school climate sufficient, and to what extent does the selection of a single scale influence the research findings?AIMSUnderstanding what factors to consider and which available scales to review will assist those interested in measuring school climate.METHODSThis study explores 8 validated scales related to school climate. Data used are from a previous study (Social and Character Development cooperative agreement funded by IES #R305L030072 and #R305A080253) that looked atPositive Action, a social emotional and character development program for elementary‐, middle‐, and high‐school students.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONScale correlations and factor analyses show how these scales work together to measure overall middle school climate.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and long COVID among California farmworkers
Authors: Mora Ana M. , Kogut Katherine , Sandhu Nimrat K. , Ridgway Derry , Patty Chris M. , Renteria Melissa , Morga Norma , Rodriguez Maria T. , Romero Monica , Valdovinos Jose M. , Torres‐Nguyen Alma , Guzman Omar , Martinez Mario , Doty Richard L. , Padilla Ana , Flores Edward , Brown Paul M. , Eskenazi Brenda ,   the California Farmworker Health Study Team
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to determine the prevalence of long COVID and identify its clinical manifestations among farmworkers in California.MethodsWe collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometrics, clinical chemistries and anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin G antibodies, self‐reported SARS‐CoV‐2 infection history, and standardized health tests and scales from 297 farmworkers in California between February and July 2022.ResultsMost participants were born in Mexico or Central America, had less than a high school diploma, and were overweight or obese. The prevalence of long COVID (defined as self‐reported SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with symptoms >28 days) among farmworkers with a suspected or test‐confirmed infection was 61.8%. Participants with long COVID had higher mean [95% CI] body mass index (32.9 [31.6‐34.1]) and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels (4.8 [3.7, 6.0]) than those with no COVID‐19 history (30.5 [29.3‐31.7], and 3.3 [2.2, 4.3], respectively). Farmworkers with long COVID also reported greater fatigue, dyspnea, taste and smell problems, and overall poorer mental and physical health, than those with no COVID‐19 history. Farmworkers with long COVID had increased odds of functional limitations compared to those with a self‐reported SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with symptoms ≤28 days (OR [95% CI]: 7.46 [3.26, 17.09]).ConclusionsA significant proportion of farmworkers experience long COVID with persistent symptoms that limit their ability to perform their work. A comprehensive approach that addresses the unique needs and challenges of farmworkers is warranted given this population's high prevalence of long COVID and the essential nature of their work.
Von Willebrand factor is an independent predictor of short‐term mortality in acutely ill patients with cirrhosis
Authors: van den Boom Bente P. , Stamouli Marilena , Timon Jennifer , Bernal William , Blasi Annabel , Adelmeijer Jelle , Fernandez Javier , Lisman Ton , Patel Vishal C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsLevels of von Willebrand factor (VWF) are elevated in patients with cirrhosis, and correlate well with disease severity. In patients with decompensated cirrhosis (DC), plasma VWF is associated with mortality. The value of VWF in predicting short‐term mortality risk in patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is, however, unclear.MethodsWe included patients with DC (n = 111) and ACLF (n = 105). We measured VWF levels and correlated these with other laboratory parameters and prediction models for mortality. Also, we assessed the predictive value of VWF in the prediction of 90‐ and 30‐day mortality in patients with DC and ACLF, respectively, and compared this to the predictive value of clinically used prediction models. Finally, we determined the optimal cut‐off value for VWF in patients with ACLF.ResultsSixteen of 111 (14%) patients with DC and 35 of 105 (33%) with ACLF died within 90 and 30 days, respectively. VWF was associated with mortality and correlated closely with other prediction models. In patients with ACLF, VWF levels had a discrimination for 30‐day mortality comparable with these models and accurately identified ACLF patients with high 30‐day mortality risk.ConclusionsLevels of VWF associate closely with risk of mortality in patients with DC and ACLF, and may have predictive utility as a laboratory marker of prognosis. Further research is warranted to assess the additional value of VWF in the prediction of mortality and associated complications in chronic liver failure syndromes.
Genetic mixing in conservation translocations increases diversity of a keystone threatened species,Bettongia lesueur
Authors: Nistelberger Heidi M. , Roycroft Emily , Macdonald Anna J. , McArthur Shelley , White Lauren C. , Grady Patrick G. S. , Pierson Jennifer , Sims Colleen , Cowen Saul , Moseby Katherine , Tuft Katherine , Moritz Craig , Eldridge Mark D. B. , Byrne Margaret , Ottewell Kym 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTranslocation programmes are increasingly being informed by genetic data to monitor and enhance conservation outcomes for both natural and established populations. These data provide a window into contemporary patterns of genetic diversity, structure and relatedness that can guide managers in how to best source animals for their translocation programmes. The inclusion of historical samples, where possible, strengthens monitoring by allowing assessment of changes in genetic diversity over time and by providing a benchmark for future improvements in diversity via management practices. Here, we used reduced representation sequencing (ddRADseq) data to report on the current genetic health of three remnant and seven translocated boodie (Bettongia lesueur) populations, now extinct on the Australian mainland. In addition, we used exon capture data from seven historical mainland specimens and a subset of contemporary samples to compare pre‐decline and current diversity. Both data sets showed the significant impact of population founder source (whether multiple or single) on the genetic diversity of translocated populations. Populations founded by animals from multiple sources showed significantly higher genetic diversity than the natural remnant and single‐source translocation populations, and we show that by mixing the most divergent populations, exon capture heterozygosity was restored to levels close to that observed in pre‐decline mainland samples. Relatedness estimates were surprisingly low across all contemporary populations and there was limited evidence of inbreeding. Our results show that a strategy of genetic mixing has led to successful conservation outcomes for the species in terms of increasing genetic diversity and provides strong rationale for mixing as a management strategy.
Nationwide survey of ticks on domesticated animals in Taiwan: Revealing the hidden threat to animal and public health
Authors: Liao Jhih‐Rong , Liao Yi‐Hao , Liao Kuei‐Min , Wu Huai‐Hui , Tu Wu‐Chun , Lin Ying‐Hsi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTicks are not only bloodsucking ectoparasites but also important vectors of tick‐borne diseases (TBDs), posing significant threats to public and animal health. Domesticated animals serve as critical hosts for numerous ticks, highlighting the importance of understanding tick infestations in Taiwan. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a nationwide survey to identify ticks on domesticated animals and associated environments in 2018 and 2019. A total of 6,205 ticks were collected from 1,337 host animals, revealing the presence of seven tick species, withRhipicephalus microplus, andRhipicephalus sanguineusbeing the dominant species. High infestation rates and widespread distribution of ticks were observed on domesticated animals, especially on dogs and cattle (yellow cattle and angus cattle), and the neighbouring grassland of yellow cattle. While this study has certain limitations, it provides valuable insights into the distribution and prevalence of ticks on domesticated animals in Taiwan and their implications for controlling TBDs. Further research is needed to comprehensively understand the complex interactions among ticks, hosts and pathogens.
Redeployment to critical care during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A phenomenological study
Authors: Scott Margaret , Wade Rachel , Tucker Guy , Unsworth John 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe redeployment of staff which involves moving staff from one clinical setting to another is a key feature of health care management. Rising demand associated with chronic disease and seasonal variation makes redeployment increasingly commonplace. During the COVID‐19 pandemic preparation for the influx of patients included sourcing equipment and resources and the redeployment of staff to respiratory wards and critical care.AimThe aim of this study was to explore the lived experience of redeployment to critical care during the COVID‐19 pandemic from the perspective of those individuals who were moved to help and critical care core staff.Study DesignA transcendental phenomenological study involving semi‐structured interviews with staff redeployed and critical care core staff was conducted. Data were collected from staff in one critical care department of a large NHS Trust in England between the second and third pandemic wave (April–June 2021).ResultsAnalysis of the data led to the identification of seven meaning units: intention, apprehension, expectations, familiarity, preparation, support, and own work. Intention related to the decisions made by managers regarding whom to redeploy and the reasons why people were chosen. Apprehension and expectations were closely linked and related to critical care skills and knowledge as well as anxiety about infection risk. Familiarity was a key element of people feeling comfortable and the confidence core staff had in colleagues who had come to help. Support and preparation helped but staff were anxious about their own work and concerned about the open‐ended nature of redeployment.ConclusionFamiliarity and recency of critical care experience played a significant role in how useful redeployed staff were. Redeployed staff were concerned about assumptions being made and expectations of themselves as well as detachment from their usual support network.Relevance to Clinical PracticeContinued shortages of registered nurses globally combined with the need to create additional critical care capacity during emergencies such as infection outbreaks means that redeployment of staff will continue for some time. Identifying the impact of redeployment on staff will enable services to better prepare and support registered nurses who are redeployed to critical care.
How rediscovering nodality can improve democratic governance in a digital world
Authors: Margetts Helen , John Peter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn Hood's (1983) classic “NATO” scheme, nodality—centrality and visibility in information networks—is one of the four tools of government. Despite its potential as a resource to effect policy change, contemporary scholars have largely neglected this unique policy tool. However, the growing prominence of digital platforms in public life prompts a rediscovery of this concept. The decisive shift is the parallel growth of citizen nodality, which can increase societal capacity and enhance government nodality, partly by allowing citizens to challenge government nodality. Moreover, citizen nodality and government nodality can interact to promote more democratic government. With the aim of rediscovering and updating nodality, this article defines the concept, reviews how the modern digital landscape has transformed the practice of nodality, and proposes a conceptual and methodological toolkit. The goal is to understand how nodality may be more effectively used by policy‐makers while at the same time fostering democratic governance.
The role of WhatsApp™ in pediatric difficult airway management: A study from the PeDI Collaborative
Authors: Pankiv Evelina , Achaibar Kira , Hossain Alomgir , Fiadjoe John E. , Matava Clyde T. ,   PeDI‐C Collaborators
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundManagement of the pediatric difficult airway can present unique clinical challenges. The Pediatric Difficult Intubation Collaborative (PeDI‐C) is an international collaborative group engaging in quality improvement and research in children with difficult airways. The PeDI‐C established a WhatsApp™ group to facilitate real‐time discussions around the management of the difficult airway in pediatric patients. The goals of this study were to evaluate the patterns of use of the WhatsApp™ group, themes on messages posted on pediatric difficult airway management and to assess the perceived usefulness of the WhatsApp™ group by the PeDI‐C members.MethodFollowing research ethics approval, we performed a database analysis on the archived discussion of the PeDI‐C WhatsApp™ group from 2014 to 2019 and surveyed members to assess the perceived usefulness of the PeDI‐C WhatsApp™ group.Results5781 messages were reviewed with 350 (6.0%) original stems. The three most common original stem types were advice seeking 98 (28%), announcements 85 (24.2%), and clinical case‐sharing 78 (22.2%). The median number of responses to original stems was 9 [2–21.3]. Post types associated with increased responses included those seeking advice on medication/equipment (regression coefficient 0.78, 95% CI [0.41–1.16]; p < .0001); seeking advice on patient care (regression coefficient 1.16, 95% CI [0.86–1.45]; p < .0001), sharing advice on medication/equipment availability (regression coefficient 0.87, 95% CI [0.33–1.40], p < .0016), and clinical case‐sharing (regression coefficient 1.2547, 95% CI [0.9401–1.5693] p < .0001). 46/64 members of the group responded to the survey. Replies offering advice regarding patient management scenarios were found to be of most interest and 77% of surveyed members found the discussion translatable into their own clinical practice.DiscussionThe PeDI‐C WhatsApp™ group has facilitated timely knowledge exchange on pediatric difficult airway management across the world. Participants are satisfied with the role the Whatsapp™ group is playing.
HLA (emphasis on DQ) compatibility for longer allograft survival in pediatric transplantation: Modern evidence and challenges
Authors: Meneghini Maria , Tambur Anat Roitberg 
Published: September 2023

AbstractKidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for children with end‐stage kidney failure, yet suboptimal outcomes, the need for long‐term immunosuppression, and the dependency on consecutive transplants pose significant barriers to success. Providing better HLA‐matched organs to pediatric patients seems to be the most logical approach to improve graft and patient outcomes and to reduce risk of anti‐HLA sensitization after graft failure. We here review recent literature on HLA matching in pediatric kidney transplantation. We further review newer approaches attempting to improve matching by using molecular mismatch load analysis. Our main focus is on the role of HLA‐DQ compatibility between recipient and donor. We further emphasize the need to develop creative approaches that will support HLA (and DQ) matching utilization in organ allocation schemes, at least in those geared specifically for pediatric patients.
Treatable traits for long COVID
Authors: Lewthwaite Hayley , Byrne Anthony , Brew Bruce , Gibson Peter G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLong COVID, or post‐acute COVID‐19 sequelae, is experienced by an estimated one in eight adults following acute COVID‐19. Long COVID is a new and complex chronic health condition that typically includes multiple symptoms that cross organ systems and fluctuate over time; a one‐size‐fits‐all approach is, therefore, not likely to be appropriate nor relevant for long COVID treatment. ‘Treatable Traits’ is a personalized medicine approach, purpose‐built to address the complexity and heterogeneity of complex chronic conditions. This comprehensive review aimed to understand how a treatable traits approach could be applied to long COVID, by first identifying the most prevalent long COVID treatable traits and then the available evidence for strategies to target these traits. An umbrella review of 22 systematic reviews identified 34 symptoms and complications common with long COVID, grouped into eight long COVID treatable trait clusters: neurological, chest, psychological, pain, fatigue, sleep impairment, functional impairment and other. A systematic review of randomized control trials identified 18 studies that explored different intervention approaches for long COVID prevention (k = 4) or management (k = 14). While a single study reported metformin as effective for long COVID prevention, the findings need to be replicated and consensus is required around how to define long COVID as a clinical trial endpoint. For long COVID management, current evidence supports exercise training or respiratory muscle training for long COVID treatable traits in the chest and functional limitation clusters. While there are studies exploring interventions targeting other long COVID treatable traits, further high‐quality RCTs are needed, particularly targeting treatable traits in the clusters of fatigue, psychological, pain and sleep impairment.
Topical dexpanthenol effects on physiological parameters of the stratum corneum by Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy
Authors: Porto Ferreira Vitoria Tonini , Silva Gustavo Carlos , Martin Airton Abrahão , Maia Campos Patrícia Maria Berardo Gonçalves 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundTopical use of dexpanthenol presents well‐established moisturizing properties and maintenance and repair of the skin barrier function, however, its exact action mechanisms are not completely elucidated. In this context, Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy is an optical method that enables non‐invasive and non‐destructive in vivo analysis with the sensitive acquisition of molecular changes in different skin layers. Herein, the aim was to evaluate the effects of topical dexpanthenol on the components and physiological parameters of the stratum corneum (SC).Materials and methodsTen healthy female subjects underwent skin evaluation by means of a Confocal Raman Spectrometer Skin Analyzer 3510. Spectral data were obtained from the skin of the anterior forearm region, before and 2 h after applying a cosmetic formulation containing or not containing 5% dexpanthenol.ResultsSemiquantitative analysis of the natural moisturizing factor showed a significant decrease in content after 2 h of topical dexpanthenol application, while the analysis of the lamellar organization of intercellular lipids and the secondary structure of keratin showed a significant increase in hexagonal organization of lipids at the first half of the SC and a significant increase in β‐pleated sheet conformation of keratin.ConclusionEffects of topical dexpanthenol on SC suggest a contribution in increasing fluidity of both lipidic and protein components of the SC and are compatible with dexpanthenol activity in maintaining adequate physiological conditions and preventing transepidermal water loss. This study also contributes to the elucidation of action mechanisms and other concurrent biochemical processes.
Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis prepares its host locally and systemically for abiotic cue signaling
Authors: de Freitas Pereira Maíra , Cohen David , Auer Lucas , Aubry Nathalie , Bogeat‐Triboulot Marie‐Béatrice , Buré Cyril , Engle Nancy L. , Jolivet Yves , Kohler Annegret , Novák Ondřej , Pavlović Iva , Priault Pierrick , Tschaplinski Timothy J. , Hummel Irène , Vaultier Marie‐Noëlle , Veneault‐Fourrey Claire 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARYTree growth and survival are dependent on their ability to perceive signals, integrate them, and trigger timely and fitted molecular and growth responses. While ectomycorrhizal symbiosis is a predominant tree‐microbe interaction in forest ecosystems, little is known about how and to what extent it helps trees cope with environmental changes. We hypothesized that the presence of Laccaria bicolor influences abiotic cue perception by Populus trichocarpa and the ensuing signaling cascade. We submitted ectomycorrhizal or non‐ectomycorrhizal P. trichocarpa cuttings to short‐term cessation of watering or ozone fumigation to focus on signaling networks before the onset of any physiological damage. Poplar gene expression, metabolite levels, and hormone levels were measured in several organs (roots, leaves, mycorrhizas) and integrated into networks. We discriminated the signal responses modified or maintained by ectomycorrhization. Ectomycorrhizas buffered hormonal changes in response to short‐term environmental variations systemically prepared the root system for further fungal colonization and alleviated part of the root abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. The presence of ectomycorrhizas in the roots also modified the leaf multi‐omics landscape and ozone responses, most likely through rewiring of the molecular drivers of photosynthesis and the calcium signaling pathway. In conclusion, P. trichocarpa‐L. bicolor symbiosis results in a systemic remodeling of the host's signaling networks in response to abiotic changes. In addition, ectomycorrhizal, hormonal, metabolic, and transcriptomic blueprints are maintained in response to abiotic cues, suggesting that ectomycorrhizas are less responsive than non‐mycorrhizal roots to abiotic challenges.