bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital competence in laboratory medicine
Authors: Adler Jakob , Lenski Marie , Tolios Alexander , Taie Santiago Fares , Sopic Miron , Rajdl Daniel , Rampul Ashlin , Sancesario Giulia , Biemann Ronald 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Even though most physicians and professionals in laboratory medicine have received basic training in statistics, experience shows that a general understanding of data analysis is not yet available on a broad scale. Therefore, data literacy, data-driven decision making, and computational thinking should be implemented in future educational training. To evaluate the state of digital competence among young scientists (YS) in laboratory medicine, we launched a worldwide online survey.

Methods
A global online survey was conducted from 25/05/2022 to 26/06/2022 and was disseminated to YS who are listed in three large networks: YS of the DGKL, the EFLM Task Group-YS, and IFCC Task Force-YS and its corresponding members, covering a base of 53 countries.

Results
A total of 119 young scientists from 40 countries participated in this survey. 80 % did not learn digital skills in their academic education but 96 % felt they needed to. Digital literacy was associated with terms such as programming, artificial intelligence and machine learning, statistics, communication, Big Data and data analytics.

Conclusions
The results of our survey show that more knowledge and training in the area of digital skills is not just necessary, but also wanted by young scientists. A varied learning environment consisting of tutorial articles, videos, exercises, technical articles, collection of helpful links, online meetings and in person bootcamps is crucial to meet the challenges of an international project with different languages, health systems and time zones.
Die Belagerung von Leningrad: Dimensionen der Zeitwahrnehmung
Authors: Sturkin Olga 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Die Rolle der Zeit in Kriegen ist in der historischen Gewaltforschung bislang nur ansatzweise thematisiert worden. Als eine der Grundkategorien, die die Gewalt modellieren, kann die Zeit einen neuen Blick auf die Gewaltunternehmungen bieten, insbesondere auf ihre Planung, Wahrnehmung und Reflexion. Der Beitrag untersucht die Zeitregime und die Zeitwahrnehmung des sowjetischen Oberkommandos und der Zivilbevölkerung in der ersten Phase der Belagerung von Leningrad Herbst 1941–Winter 1941/42. Analysiert werden sowjetische Militärberichte und Niederschriften der Telefonate zwischen dem Hauptquartier des Kommandos des Obersten Befehlshabers in Moskau, dem Leningrader Kriegsrat und der Führung der Leningrader und der Volchov-Front sowie Tagebuchaufzeichnungen und Erinnerungen der Leningrader Stadtbevölkerung. Ziel ist, die Bedeutung von Zeit in der Kriegführung des 20. Jahrhunderts an einem konkreten Beispiel zu verdeutlichen.
Establishment of nonlinear network security situational awareness model based on random forest under the background of big data
Authors: He Jinkui , Su Weibin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In order to explore the establishment of a nonlinear network security situational awareness model based on random forest in the context of big data, a multi-level network security knowledge system evaluation model based on random forest is proposed. This article proposes a multi-level CSSA analysis system and then uses random memory algorithm to create a CSSA evaluation model. Also, it proposes a CSSA multi-level analysis framework and then uses random forest algorithm to build a CSSA evaluation model. A random vector distribution of the same values is used for all forest trees. In this article, the interval [0,1] is used to quantitatively describe the weight of the security level. The training sample ratio of test samples is 110:40, in order to predict the security of the network, the prediction of knowledge is closer to the true value, and the complexity of multi-level security is predicted. Use unusual forests. The tree returns the most recommended part, which is a more realistic assessment of network security. The experimental results show that considering the network security situation, the prediction performance of this method is closer to the actual value, and the performance is better than the other two methods. Therefore, perception of multi-level security situations can be effectively predicted using random access memory. It is proved that random forest is faster and more efficient in network security.
Natural product nanofibers derived from Trichoderma hamatum K01 to control citrus anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: Phal Pheaktra , Soytong Kasem , Poeaim Supattra 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The antifungal activity of Trichoderma hamatum K01 to control Colletotrichum gloeosporioides C01 was recorded. Pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides C01 on citrus leaves was confirmed by the Koch postulate. T. hamatum K01 inhibited the colony growth and conidia production of C. gloeosporioides C01 by 70.55 and 79.07%, respectively. Crude extracts from T. hamatum K01 expressed an antifungal activity against C. gloeosporioides C01. The crude TK01-MeOH showed the most potent inhibitory effect on the colony growth and conidia production at the ED50 values of 273 and 355 ppm, respectively. Nanofiber TK01M gave the highest inhibition on the colony growth and conidia production at the ED50 values of 13 and 3 ppm, respectively. Control mechanism was related to the major pyrone metabolite group (6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one), organic compounds (benzoic acid, hexadecane, tetracosane), fatty acids (palmitic acid, linoleic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hexadecenoic acid, ethyl ester, linoleic acid ethyl ester, and ethyl oleate), and sorbicillin from GC-MS analysis, which were produced by T. hamatum K01. It is reported for the first time to isolate secondary metabolite pyrone (6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one) from T. hamatum K01, and the first report of nanofibers constructed from T. hamatum K01 against C. gloeosporioides.
The Blurry Third Millennium. “Neolithisation” in a Norwegian Context
Authors: Nyland Astrid J. , Hofmann Daniela , Iversen Rune 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this article, we critically review recurrent tropes, implicit frameworks, and unexplained concepts in current research on the process of “Neolithisation” in the western part of southern Norway. Two models are on offer, as also seen elsewhere in the European research: either 1) the transition to agriculture is rapid and substantially carried by migrants, or 2) the Late Neolithic transition builds on a long history of local adaptation. After outlining these models, we scrutinise especially west Norwegian evidence, pointing out ambiguities and limitations in the material which mean that neither of the two models fit. In the final section, we consider which new questions could be asked to move beyond the current, somewhat polarised debate: Who are the actors of the transition, how are boundaries between groups created, and can the acknowledgement of the complexity of the process of ‘migration’ result in new narratives? Addressing these questions remains a fundamental challenge for archaeological migration studies as a whole.
Adsorption capacity of biocarbons from residue of supercritical extraction of raw plants
Authors: Bazan-Wozniak Aleksandra , Yilmaz Selahattin , Nosal-Wierciñska Agnieszka , Pietrzak Robert 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Bioadsorbents prepared by chemical activation (H3PO4) of the residue of supercritical extraction of green tea leaves and marigold flowers were characterized by elemental analysis, Boehm titration, adsorption/desorption isotherm and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption performance aimed at the removal of malachite green, nitrogen oxide and hydrogen sulfide was investigated. The impacts of various influential parameters of malachite green adsorption such as: contact time (8 h), initial dye concentration (20–140 mg/L), temperature (25–65 °C) and adsorbent mass (0.015–0.025 g) were investigated. The adsorption kinetic follows pseudo second-order reaction kinetics (R
2 > 0.99). The adsorption process was best described by the Langmuir isotherm and the maximum capacity of the monolayer was from 126.58 mg/g to 333.33 mg/g for the biocarbons obtained. The negative values of Gibbs free energy indicate the spontaneous character of the process. The presence of steam in the stream of the mixture of gases had a positive effect on adsorption of nitrogen oxide and hydrogen sulfide by the bioadsorbents obtained. The most effective adsorbent of malachite green and toxic gas pollutants proved to be the biocarbon obtained from the residues of supercritical extraction of green tea leaves.
Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy, reasons for interrupting treatment: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Ezanno Anne-Cecile , Malgras Brice , Pocard Marc 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) gives encouraging results in the treatment of peritoneal metastasis (PM). The current recommendations require at least 3 sessions of PIPAC. However, some patients do not complete the full treatment course and stop after only 1 or 2 procedures, hence the limited benefit. A literature review was performed, with search terms including “PIPAC” and “pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy.”

Content
Only articles describing the causes for premature termination of the PIPAC treatment were analysed. The systematic search identified 26 published clinical articles related to PIPAC and reporting causes for stopping PIPAC.

Summary
The series range from 11 to 144 patients, with a total of 1352 patients treated with PIPAC for various tumours. A total of 3088 PIPAC treatments were performed. The median number of PIPAC treatments per patient was 2.1, the median PCI score at the time of the first PIPAC was 19 and the number of patients who did not complete the recommended 3 sessions of PIPAC was 714 (52.8%). Disease progression was the main reason for early termination of the PIPAC treatment (49.1%). The other causes were death, patients’ wishes, adverse events, conversion to curative cytoreductive surgery and other medical reasons (embolism, pulmonary infection, etc…).

Outlook
Further investigations are necessary to better understand the causes for interrupting PIPAC treatment and also improving the selection of patients who are most likely to benefit from PIPAC.
Conceptual associations generate sensory predictions
Authors: Yan Chuyao , de Lange Floris P. , Richter David 
Published: April 2023

A crucial ability of the human brain is to learn and exploit probabilistic associations between stimuli to facilitate perception and behavior by predicting future events. While studies have shown how perceptual relationships are used to predict sensory inputs, relational knowledge is often between concepts rather than percepts (e.g., we learned to associate cats with dogs, rather than specific images of cats and dogs). Here we asked if and how sensory responses to visual input may be modulated by predictions derived from conceptual associations. To this end we exposed participants of both sexes to arbitrary word-word pairs (e.g., car – dog) repeatedly, creating an expectation of the second word, conditional on the occurrence of the first. In a subsequent session, we exposed participants to novel word-picture pairs, while measuring fMRI BOLD responses. All word-picture pairs were equally likely, but half of the pairs conformed to the previously formed conceptual (word-word) associations, whereas the other half violated this association. Results showed suppressed sensory responses throughout the ventral visual stream, including early visual cortex, to pictures that corresponded to the previously expected words compared to unexpected words. This suggests that the learned conceptual associations were used to generate sensory predictions that modulated processing of the picture stimuli. Moreover, these modulations were tuning-specific, selectively suppressing neural populations tuned towards the expected input. Combined, our results suggest that recently acquired conceptual priors are generalized across domains and used by the sensory brain to generate category specific predictions, facilitating processing of expected visual input.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT:Perceptual predictions play a crucial role in facilitating perception and the integration of sensory information. However, little is known about whether and how the brain uses more abstract, conceptual priors to form sensory predictions. In our pre-registered study, we show that priors derived from recently acquired arbitrary conceptual associations result in category specific predictions that modulate perceptual processing throughout the ventral visual hierarchy, including early visual cortex. These results suggest that the predictive brain uses prior knowledge across various domains to modulate perception, thereby extending our understanding of the extensive role predictions play in perception.
A systematic proximity ligation approach to studying protein‐substrate specificity identifies the substrate spectrum of the Ssh1 translocon
Authors: Cohen Nir , Aviram Naama , Schuldiner Maya 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMany cellular functions are carried out by protein pairs or families, providing robustness alongside functional diversity. For such processes, it remains a challenge to map the degree of specificity versus promiscuity. Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) can be used to inform on these matters as they highlight cellular locals, regulation and, in cases where proteins affect other proteins ‐ substrate range. However, methods to systematically study transient PPIs are underutilized. In this study, we create a novel approach to systematically compare stable or transient PPIs between two yeast proteins. Our approach, Cel‐lctiv (CELlular biotin‐Ligation for Capturing Transient Interactions in vivo), uses high‐throughput pairwise proximity biotin ligation for comparing PPIs systematically and in vivo. As a proof of concept, we studied the homologous translocation pores Sec61 and Ssh1. We show how Cel‐lctiv can uncover the unique substrate range for each translocon allowing us to pinpoint a specificity determinator driving interaction preference. More generally, this demonstrates how Cel‐lctiv can provide direct information on substrate specificity even for highly homologous proteins.
EHD1 promotes CP110 ubiquitination by centriolar satellite delivery of HERC2 to the mother centriole
Authors: Xie Shuwei , Naslavsky Naava , Caplan Steve 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrimary cilia are sensory organelles that coordinate diverse signaling pathways, controlling development and homeostasis. Progression beyond the early steps of ciliogenesis requires the removal of a distal end protein, CP110, from the mother centriole, a process mediated by Eps15 Homology Domain protein 1 (EHD1). We show that EHD1 regulates CP110 ubiquitination during ciliogenesis, and identify two E3 ubiquitin ligases, HECT domain and RCC1‐like domain 2 (HERC2) and mindbomb homolog 1 (MIB1), that interact with and ubiquitinate CP110. We determined that HERC2 is required for ciliogenesis and localizes to centriolar satellites, which are peripheral aggregates of centriolar proteins known to regulate ciliogenesis. We reveal a role for EHD1 in the transport of centriolar satellites and HERC2 to the mother centriole during ciliogenesis. Taken together, our work showcases a mechanism whereby EHD1 controls centriolar satellite movement to the mother centriole, thus delivering the E3 ubiquitin ligase HERC2 to promote CP110 ubiquitination and degradation.
Endocrinological cause behind recurrent miscarriages: primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Germanaitė Gabija , Šimonienė Diana 
Published: April 2023

Summary
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrinological pathology; nonetheless, it is rarely diagnosed in pregnancy. Primary hyperparathyroidism can present with clinically expressed hypercalcemia. High Ca levels in the blood may lead to a miscarriage. We present the case of a 39-year-old woman who visited our Endocrinology clinic in search of a cause of infertility. Blood work showed elevated Ca and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Upper left parathyroid gland adenoma was found during a neck ultrasound. Parathyroid gland adenoma was likely the cause of PHPT and was treated with parathyroidectomy. Surgery was carried out, and the upper left parathyroid lobe adenoma was removed. High levels of Ca were found in all performed blood works since the first visit to the clinic, but following the surgery, Ca levels of the patient were in the normal range and the woman got pregnant for the third time, later delivering a healthy baby. In conclusion, we would like to put forward the idea that an evaluation of Ca level in the blood should be included in the protocol for treating patients with recurrent miscarriages. Early detection of hypercalcemia can improve the outcomes of disease that primary hyperparathyroidism can cause. Swift and accurate decrease of serum Ca correspondingly safeguards the woman from a possible pregnancy loss along with complications that arise from it.–

Learning points

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrinological pathology, nonetheless, it is rarely diagnosed in pregnancy.

Primary hyperparathyroidism can present with clinically expressed hypercalcemia, and high Ca levels in the blood may lead to a miscarriage.

Early detection of hypercalcemia can improve the outcomes of disease that primary hyperparathyroidism can cause.

Swift and accurate decrease of serum Ca correspondingly safeguards the woman from a possible pregnancy loss along with complications that arise from it.

All pregnant patients with hypercalcemia should be assessed for the presence of primary hyperparathyroidism as it is likely the cause.
Steuermotivierte Wertpapiergeschäfte als handelsgestützte Marktmanipulation
Authors: Florstedt Tim 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Bei der Aufarbeitung steuermotivierter Aktiengeschäfte um Dividendenstichtage geraten die sog. Cum/Cum- und Cum/Ex-Geschäfte inzwischen auch ins Blickfeld der Kapitalmarkt- und Börsenaufsicht: Die Benutzung der Handelseinrichtungen deutscher Börsen zur Steuervermeidung und -hinterziehung wirft die Frage auf, ob mit Blick auf verfälschte Aktien- oder Derivatkurse auch der Vorwurf einer handelsgestützten Marktmanipulation zu erheben ist. Neben den beachtlichen Sanktionsfolgen, die mit einer Marktmanipulation verknüpft sind, geht es auch um die Frage, wer für die Kontrolle eines solchen „Aktienhandels“ zuständig ist: die Aufsicht oder bloß die Finanzverwaltung. Die Antwort hat bleibende Bedeutung, wenn man die Unterbindung einer solchen „Steuerarbitrage“ in Zukunft wirksamer als bisher sicherstellen will.
Der Einsatz von „Digital Engagement Practices“ in der Vermögensanlage
Authors: Langenbucher Katja , Stolper Oscar , Beilner Maximilian , Radetzky Marie-Therèse , Scheld Dominik , Sehorz Jan , Tilk Philipp 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Die Vermögensanlage privater Haushalte befindet sich im Wandel. Insbesondere die fortschreitende Digitalisierung und die zunehmende Zahl an Selbstentscheidern haben in den letzten Jahren neue Anbieter und Geschäftsmodelle geschaffen, die etablierte Konzepte in der Vermögensanlage herausfordern. Eine zentrale Rolle spielen Neobroker, die ihren Kunden eine einfache, intuitive und kostengünstige Partizipation am Kapitalmarkt versprechen. Der vorliegende Artikel beleuchtet in diesem Zusammenhang den Einsatz von Praktiken zur Incentivierung der Interaktion des Kunden mit dem Broker, sog. Digital Engagement Practices (DEPs). Hierzu erfolgt zunächst eine kritische Einordnung von DEPs vor dem Hintergrund potenziell unterschiedlicher Interessen von Investoren und Neobrokern. Darüber hinaus werden auf Basis aktueller Erkenntnisse aus der verhaltenstheoretisch fundierten finanzwirtschaftlichen Forschung (Behavioral Finance) die Konsequenzen des Einsatzes von DEPs erörtert. Abschließend erfolgt eine rechtliche Einordnung anhand der aktuellen Gesetzeslage und ein Blick auf künftige Herausforderungen in der Gesetzgebung.
Die Neuregelung von Bilanzkontrolle und Abschlussprüfung im Jahr 2021 – Meinungsstand und Evolution des Gesetzentwurfs zum FISG
Authors: Berninger Marc , Hoffarth Benedikt , Lattermann Fritz 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
„Erst wenn (kapitalmarktseitige) Offenlegungspflichten durch eine wirksame Um- und Durchsetzungsinfrastruktur sekundiert werden, können diese tatsächlich bestehende Informationsasymmetrien im Kapitalmarkt abbauen und so zur Steigerung zur Markteffizienz beitragen.“ In kaum einer Frage kumuliert sich der Gehalt dieser Aussage (vgl. Berninger 2020, S. 35) gegenwärtig stärker als in der Diskussion um ein effektives System der (externen) Bilanzkontrolle. Der Fall Wirecard hat hier zuletzt tradierte (deutsche) Ansätze auf eine harte Probe gestellt und den Gesetzgeber zu einer umfangreichen Novellierung veranlasst. Doch ist die Abkehr vom zweistufigen Enforcement wirklich der große Wurf oder nur ein „Schnellschuss“? Der Beitrag widmet sich hierzu dem Gesetzgebungsprozess des FISG und analysiert insbesondere, welche externen Interessensgruppen sich mit Kritik und Anregungen zum System der Bilanzkontrolle in den Gesetzgebungsprozess eingebracht und in welcher Form diese Beiträge Eingang in den verabschiedeten Gesetzentwurf gefunden haben.
Anxiety and Depression Treatment in Primary Care Pediatrics
Authors: Lester Talia R. , Herrmann Jessica E. , Bannett Yair , Gardner Rebecca M. , Feldman Heidi M. , Huffman Lynne C. 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Primary care pediatricians (PCP) are often called on to manage child and adolescent anxiety and depression. The objective of this study was to describe PCP care practices around prescription of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) for patients with anxiety and/or depression by using medical record review.

METHODS
We identified 1685 patients who had at least 1 visit with a diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression in a large primary care network and were prescribed an SSRI by a network PCP. We randomly selected 110 for chart review. We reviewed the visit when the SSRI was first prescribed (medication visit), immediately previous visit, and immediately subsequent visit. We abstracted rationale for prescribing medication, subspecialist involvement, referral for psychotherapy, and medication monitoring practices.

RESULTS
At the medication visit, in 82% (n = 90) of cases, PCPs documented reasons for starting an SSRI, most commonly clinical change (57%, n = 63). Thirty percent (n = 33) of patients had documented involvement of developmental-behavioral pediatrics or psychiatry subspecialists at 1 of the 3 visits reviewed. Thirty-three percent (n = 37) were referred to unspecified psychotherapy; 4% (n = 4) were referred specifically for cognitive behavioral therapy. Of 69 patients with a subsequent visit, 48% (n = 33) had documentation of monitoring for side effects.

CONCLUSIONS
When prescribing SSRIs for children with anxiety and/or depression, PCPs in this network documented appropriate indications for starting medication and prescribed without subspecialist involvement. Continuing medical education for PCPs who care for children with these conditions should include information about evidence-based psychotherapy and strategies for monitoring potential side effects.