bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of Extreme Rainfall in Taiwan to SST Over the South China Sea Through Modulation of Marine Boundary Layer Jet: A Mei‐Yu Front Event During 1–4 June 2017
Authors: Lin Kuan‐Jen , Yang Shu‐Chih , Chen Shuyi S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWater vapor transport from the South China Sea (SCS) by the marine boundary layer jet (MBLJ) can be an important moisture source for heavy rainfall events in Taiwan during the mei‐yu season. However, the variability in the MBLJ due to sea surface temperature (SST) changes and its impact on extreme rainfall events have yet to be well understood. This study investigates how varying the SST over SCS modifies the structure of MBLJ and further impacts an extreme mei‐yu rainfall in Taiwan during 1–4 June 2017. Results show that SST over the SCS can affect rainfall in Taiwan through its modulation of the MBLJ. Increasing SST leads to a southward shift of the mei‐yu rainfall. This is attributed to the weakening of the MBLJ and the enhanced convection at the leading edge of the mei‐yu front. The opposite effect is observed when the SST is decreased but with a smaller impact.
A Statistical Framework for Evaluating Rain Microphysics in Model Simulations and Disdrometer Observations
Authors: Dolan Brenda , Saleeby Stephen M. , Rutledge Steven A. , van den Heever Susan C. , Van Valkenburg Kristen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStatistical analyses of a large disdrometer data set and a diverse set of model simulations for convection using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System were conducted, with the mutual goal of providing insights into precipitation formation and microphysical processes. We demonstrate that a two‐moment bulk microphysical model successfully captures the dominant observed modes of variability in rainfall related to rainfall intensity and raindrop size distributions. The model reproduced the general distribution of observed precipitation groups (PGs) derived from Principal Component Analysis. The multi‐variable analysis also uncovered some shortcomings in the model as well as limitations of the disdrometer data. The model solutions were constrained in their predicted drop size distributions (DSDs) due to the fixed DSD parameters assumed in a two‐moment microphysics scheme. A case study from the Mid‐latitude Continental Clouds and Convection Experiment field project demonstrated how model results can be used to contextualize the disdrometer observations which are limited in sample size, spatial coherence, and detection of small drops and low drop concentrations. The case study also showed that the spatial patterns of the statistically derived PGs revealed by the model are consistent with the hypothesized microphysical processes that determine surface rain DSDs. This work demonstrates how leveraging the strengths of observations and models together can improve our understanding and representation of rain microphysical processes.
Starvation responses impact interaction dynamics of human gut bacteriaBacteroides thetaiotaomicronandRoseburia intestinalis
Authors: Liu Bin , Garza Daniel Rios , Gonze Didier , Krzynowek Anna , Simoens Kenneth , Bernaerts Kristel , Geirnaert Annelies , Faust Karoline 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBacterial growth often alters the environment, which in turn can impact interspecies interactions among bacteria. Here, we used an in vitro batch system containing mucin beads to emulate the dynamic host environment and to study its impact on the interactions between two abundant and prevalent human gut bacteria, the primary fermenter Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and the butyrate producer Roseburia intestinalis. By combining machine learning and flow cytometry, we found that the number of viable B. thetaiotaomicron cells decreases with glucose consumption due to acid production, while R. intestinalis survives post-glucose depletion by entering a slow growth mode. Both species attach to mucin beads, but only viable cell counts of B. thetaiotaomicron increase significantly. The number of viable co-culture cells varies significantly over time compared to those of monocultures. A combination of targeted metabolomics and RNA-seq showed that the slow growth mode of R. intestinalis represents a diauxic shift towards acetate and lactate consumption, whereas B. thetaiotaomicron survives glucose depletion and low pH by foraging on mucin sugars. In addition, most of the mucin monosaccharides we tested inhibited the growth of R. intestinalis but not B. thetaiotaomicron. We encoded these causal relationships in a kinetic model, which reproduced the observed dynamics. In summary, we explored how R. intestinalis and B. thetaiotaomicron respond to nutrient scarcity and how this affects their dynamics. We highlight the importance of understanding bacterial metabolic strategies to effectively modulate microbial dynamics in changing conditions.
Minor stroke patients with mild-moderate diastolic blood pressure derive greater benefit from dual antiplatelet therapy
Authors: Liu Tingting , Wang Yongle , Li Yanan , Zhang Kaili , Fan Haimei , Ren Jing , Li Juan , Li Yali , Li Xinyi , Wu Xuemei , Wang Junhui , Xue Lixi , Gao Xiaolei , Yan Yuping , Li Gaimei , Liu Qingping , Niu Wenhua , Du Wenxian , Liu Yuting , Niu Xiaoyuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNot only systolic blood pressure (SBP) but also diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increases the risk of recurrence in the short- or long-term outcomes of stroke. The interaction between DBP and antiplatelet treatment for China stroke patients is unclear. This multicenter, observational cohort study included 2976 minor ischemic stroke patients. Patients accepted single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) or dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after arrival, and baseline DBP levels were trichotomized into <90 mmHg, 90–110 mmHg and ≥110 mmHg. We explore the interaction effect between antiplatelet therapy and DBP on 90-days composite vascular events. A total of 257 (8.6%) patients reached a composite vascular event during follow-up. The interaction term between DBP levels and treatment group (SAPT vs. DAPT) was significant (P for interaction = 0.013). DAPT’s adjusted HR for composite events in patients with DBP between 90 and 110 mmHg was 0.56 (95% confidence interval, 0.36 0.88; P = 0.011) and DBP ≥ 110 mmHg was 4.35 (95% confidence interval, 1.11–19.94; P = 0.046). The association between treatment and DBP was still consistent after propensity score matching of the baseline characteristics. The interaction term of DBP ×  treatment was not significant for the safety outcomes of severe bleeding (P for interaction = 0.301) or hemorrhage stroke (P for interaction = 0.831). In this cohort study based on the real world, patients with a DBP between 90 and 110 mmHg received a greater benefit from 90 days of DAPT than those with lower and higher baseline DBP. REGISTRATION: (https://www.chictr.org.cn; Unique identifier: ChiCTR1900025214)
Metrics for network comparison using egonet feature distributions
Authors: Piccardi Carlo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIdentifying networks with similar characteristics in a given ensemble, or detecting pattern discontinuities in a temporal sequence of networks, are two examples of tasks that require an effective metric capable of quantifying network (dis)similarity. Here we propose a method based on a global portrait of graph properties built by processing local nodes features. More precisely, a set of dissimilarity measures is defined by elaborating the distributions, over the network, of a few egonet features, namely the degree, the clustering coefficient, and the egonet persistence. The method, which does not require the alignment of the two networks being compared, exploits the statistics of the three features to define one- or multi-dimensional distribution functions, which are then compared to define a distance between the networks. The effectiveness of the method is evaluated using a standard classification test, i.e., recognizing the graphs originating from the same synthetic model. Overall, the proposed distances have performances comparable to the best state-of-the-art techniques (graphlet-based methods) with similar computational requirements. Given its simplicity and flexibility, the method is proposed as a viable approach for network comparison tasks.
Long-term efficacy and safety of early alogliptin initiation in subjects with type 2 diabetes: an extension of the SPEAD-A study
Authors: Mita Tomoya , Katakami Naoto , Yoshii Hidenori , Onuma Tomio , Kaneto Hideaki , Osonoi Takeshi , Shiraiwa Toshihiko , Yasuda Tetsuyuki , Umayahara Yutaka , Yamamoto Tsunehiko , Yokoyama Hiroki , Kuribayashi Nobuichi , Jinnouchi Hideaki , Gosho Masahiko , Shimomura Iichiro , Watada Hirotaka 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe previously reported in the study of preventive effects of alogliptin on diabetic atherosclerosis (SPEAD-A) that alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, attenuated the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with type 2 diabetes and no history of cardiovascular disease. This extension study of the SPEAD-A trial investigated whether early alogliptin initiation improved long-term cardiovascular outcomes. The SPEAD-A trial randomized 341 subjects with type 2 diabetes to either alogliptin or conventional treatment to investigate the effects of alogliptin on atherosclerosis. All subjects who completed that trial were eligible for this prospective, observational cohort study. The primary endpoint was the first occurrence of a major cardiovascular event, defined as death due to any cause, acute myocardial infarction, or stroke. During the 520-week follow-up period, composite primary outcome events occurred in only a few subjects in each group [8 (5.4%) in the alogliptin group and 9 in the conventional treatment group (5.9%)]. There were no significant differences in the incidence rate of the primary outcome between the two groups. Post hoc Poisson regression analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence rate of composite recurrence events for the same outcomes as the primary endpoint. On the other hand, this incidence rate was significantly lower in subjects who received DPP-4 inhibitors before an initial cardiovascular event than in those who did not (5.8 vs. 13.3 per 1000 person-years, respectively, p = 0.04). Early initiation of alogliptin was not associated with a reduced risk of composite cardiovascular disease, which could be attributed to fewer events and/or the addition of DPP-4 inhibitors during the follow-up period.
Synergistic and additive interactions of Shewanella sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Thauera sp. with chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate for controlling Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)
Authors: Sarkhandia Sunaina , Sharma Geetika , Mahajan Rohit , Koundal Satish , Kumar Manoj , Chadha Pooja , Saini Harvinder Singh , Kaur Sanehdeep 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe imprudent use of insecticides causes the development of resistance in insect pest populations, contamination of the environment, biological imbalance and human intoxication. The use of microbial pathogens combined with insecticides has been proposed as an alternative strategy for insect pest management. This IPM approach may offer effective ways to control pests, in addition to lowering the risk of chemical residues in the environment. Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is a major pest of many crops like cotton, maize, tobacco, cauliflower, cabbage, and fodder crops globally. Here, we evaluated the combined effects of new chemistry insecticides (chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate) and entomopathogenic bacterial strains, Shewanella sp. (SS4), Thauera sp. (M9) and Pseudomonas sp. (EN4) against S. litura larvae inducing additive and synergistic interactions under laboratory conditions. Both insecticides produced higher larval mortality when applied in combination with bacterial isolates having maximum mortality of 98 and 96% with LC50 of chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate in combination with LC50 of Pseudomonas sp. (EN4) respectively. The lower concentration (LC20) of both insecticides also induced synergism when combined with the above bacterial isolates providing a valuable approach for the management of insect pests. The genotoxic effect of both the insecticides was also evaluated by conducting comet assays. The insecticide treatments induced significant DNA damage in larval hemocytes that further increased in combination treatments. Our results indicated that combined treatments could be a successful approach for managing S. litura while reducing the inappropriate overuse of insecticides.
Adaptive tracking control for nonlinear systems with uncertain control gains and its application to a TCP/AQM network
Authors: Zhang Ziheng , Liu Zhongtao , Liu Na , He Weikai , Yang Fuchun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the adaptive tracking control problem for nonlinear systems with virtual control coefficients including known and unknown items. The known items are employed for controller design directly, such that more information is utilized to achieve better performance. To deal with the unknown items, a novel real control law is firstly constructed by introducing an auxiliary system. The proposed controller is designed and applied to an uncertain TCP/AQM network system, which guarantees the practical boundedness of all the signals in the closed-loop system. Finally, the effectiveness and practicability of the developed control strategy are validated by simulation results.
A wild boar cathelicidin peptide derivative inhibits severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 and its drifted variants
Authors: von Beck Troy , Navarrete Karla , Arce Nicholas A. , Gao Mu , Dale Gordon A. , Davis-Gardner Meredith E. , Floyd Katharine , Mena Hernandez Luis , Mullick Nikita , Vanderheiden Abigail , Skountzou Ioanna , Kuchipudi Suresh V. , Saravanan Rathi , Li Renhao , Skolnick Jeffrey , Suthar Mehul S. , Jacob Joshy 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a clear threat to humanity. It has infected over 200 million and killed 4 million people worldwide, and infections continue with no end in sight. To control the pandemic, multiple effective vaccines have been developed, and global vaccinations are in progress. However, the virus continues to mutate. Even when full vaccine coverage is achieved, vaccine-resistant mutants will likely emerge, thus requiring new annual vaccines against drifted variants analogous to influenza. A complimentary solution to this problem could be developing antiviral drugs that inhibit SARS CoV-2 and its drifted variants. Host defense peptides represent a potential source for such an antiviral as they possess broad antimicrobial activity and significant diversity across species. We screened the cathelicidin family of peptides from 16 different species for antiviral activity and identified a wild boar peptide derivative that inhibits SARS CoV-2. This peptide, which we named Yongshi and means warrior in Mandarin, acts as a viral entry inhibitor. Following the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to its receptor, the spike protein is cleaved, and heptad repeats 1 and 2 multimerize to form the fusion complex that enables the virion to enter the cell. A deep learning-based protein sequence comparison algorithm and molecular modeling suggest that Yongshi acts as a mimetic to the heptad repeats of the virus, thereby disrupting the fusion process. Experimental data confirm the binding of Yongshi to the heptad repeat 1 with a fourfold higher affinity than heptad repeat 2 of SARS-CoV-2. Yongshi also binds to the heptad repeat 1 of SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. Interestingly, it inhibits all drifted variants of SARS CoV-2 that we tested, including the alpha, beta, gamma, delta, kappa and omicron variants.
Bacterial profile and antimicrobial resistance patterns of infected diabetic foot ulcers in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wada Fiseha Wadilo , Mekonnen Michael Fekadu , Sawiso Edlawit Desta , Kolato Sitotaw , Woldegiorgis Lideta , Kera Gemechu Kebede , El-Khatib Ziad , Ashuro Akililu Alemu , Biru Mulatu , Boltena Minyahil Tadesse 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe number of diabetic foot ulcer patients is substantially increasing, with the rapidly rising burden of diabetic mellitus in sub-Saharan Africa. The data on the regional prevalence of diabetic foot ulcer infecting bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance patterns is crucial for its proper management. This systematic review and meta-analysis determined the pooled prevalence of bacterial profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of infected diabetic foot ulcers in sub-Saharan Africa. A comprehensive search of the literature was performed on CINAHL, EMBASE, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Critical appraisal was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s tool for prevalence studies. A pooled statistical meta-analysis was conducted using STATA Version 17.0. The I2 statistics and Egger’s test were used to assess the heterogeneity and publication bias. The pooled prevalence and the corresponding 95% confidence interval of bacterial profiles and their antimicrobial resistance patterns were estimated using a random effect model. Eleven studies with a total of 1174 study participants and 1701 bacteria isolates were included. The pooled prevalence of the most common bacterial isolates obtained from DFU were S. aureus (34.34%), E. coli (21.16%), and P. aeruginosa (20.98%). The highest pooled resistance pattern of S. aureus was towards Gentamicin (57.96%) and Ciprofloxacin (52.45%). E.coli and K. Pneumoniae showed more than a 50% resistance rate for the most common antibiotics tested. Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were associated with diabetic foot ulcers in sub-Saharan Africa. Our findings are important for planning treatment with the appropriate antibiotics in the region. The high antimicrobial resistance prevalence rate indicates the need for context-specific effective strategies aimed at infection prevention and evidence-based alternative therapies.
Genomic analysis and antimicrobial activity of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors and other agents against KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from Brazilian hospitals
Authors: Camargo Carlos Henrique , Yamada Amanda Yaeko , de Souza Andreia Rodrigues , Cunha Marcos Paulo Vieira , Ferraro Pedro Smith Pereira , Sacchi Claudio Tavares , dos Santos Marlon Benedito , Campos Karoline Rodrigues , Tiba-Casas Monique Ribeiro , Freire Maristela Pinheiro , Barretti Pasqual 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCarbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) are highly disseminated worldwide, and isolates co-resistant to other antimicrobial agents pose a threat to effective antimicrobial therapy. Therefore, evaluation of novel antimicrobial drugs is needed to identify potential treatments with better outcomes. We evaluated the in vitro activity of novel antimicrobial drugs/combinations against 97 KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates recovered from different hospitals in Brazil during 2021–2022. Clonality, resistance and virulence genes were detected by whole-genome sequencing. The majority of the isolates (54.6%) were classified as extensively drug resistant or multidrug resistant (44.3%); one isolate showed a pandrug resistance phenotype. The most active antimicrobial agents were meropenem-vaborbactam, cefiderocol, and ceftazidime-avibactam, with sensitivities higher than 90%; resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam was associated with KPC-33 or KPC-44 variants. Colistin and polymyxin B were active against 58.6% of the isolates. The 97 isolates were distributed into 17 different sequence types, with a predominance of ST11 (37.4%). Although high in vitro susceptibility rates were detected for meropenem-vaborbactam and cefiderocol, only ceftazidime-avibactam is currently available in Brazil. Our findings showed limited susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs employed for infection treatment of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae, underscoring the urgent need for stringent policies for antimicrobial stewardship to preserve the activity of such drugs.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of sulfonylamidines as potent c-Met inhibitors by enhancing hydrophobic interaction
Authors: Nan Xiang , Li Xin , Wu Yanchao , Li Huijing , Wang Qiuxu , Xing Shaojun , Liang Zhigang 
Published: September 2023

Combining SARs with molecular modeling studies, compound 21j with superior activity to lead compound 7 and foretinib was ultimately discovered by enhancement of hydrophobic interaction with the allosteric hydrophobic back pocket of c-Met.
Security state estimation based on signal reconstruction for multi‐vehicle systems under malicious attack
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Siyuan , Lu Shan , Zhou Meng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAiming at the reconnaissance task of unmanned vehicle formation under the malicious attack, a security state estimation method based on attack signal reconstruction is proposed. First the reconstruction of attack signal is transformed into a sparse error correction problem by stacking the measurement information of adjacent vehicles, and is solved by orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm. Then the attack compensation based particle filter is designed to estimate the target state for each vehicle. An information fusion strategy is designed to obtain the final reconnaissance result based on agent centrality and the number of attacks on unmanned vehicles. Finally, simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Analysis of distribution systems in the presence of electric vehicles and optimal allocation of distributed generations considering power loss and voltage stability index
Authors: Sivakumar Shwetha , Ramasamy Gunaseelan Sarvesh Babu , Reddy Krishnakumar Mithra Vinda , Krishnan Narayanan , Sharma Anurag , Aguila Téllez Alexander 
Published: September 2023

AbstractElectric Vehicles (EV) have the potential to completely transform the transportation industry, reduce carbon emissions significantly, and pave the road for significant climate progress. According to surveys, worries regarding range and charging accessibility are a significant barrier to EV customer adoption. The electricity grid will be significantly impacted by EV charging. A coordinated charging approach that facilitates EV charging while avoiding the power grid from overloading is required to manage EV charging. In this work, the EVs are classified based on their charging capacity. This classification includes car, truck, and bus. With this a charging discharging scheme has been established using Real Time Pricing for each hour for a 20‐min block. The Voltage Stability Index (VSI) for the system is calculated for the system and the strongest bus is identified for locating the EVs to charge/discharge.Augmenting this, in the present work, the power loss is analyzed when Distributed Generation (DG) units are installed after the EVs are located in the system for charging and discharging. The DG units are installed in each feeder, considering the VSI and Penetration Level (PL) and the power losses incurred due to the presence of EVs. The Monetary benefit of such an investment is analyzed for different topologies of IEEE‐33 and 69 bus systems and compared with the existing methods where DGs are installed before the EVs are located in the system for charging and discharging.