bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient organic terahertz generator with extremely broad terahertz molecular vibrational mode-free range
Authors: Shin Bong-Rim , Yu In Cheol , Shin Myeong-Hoon , Jazbinsek Mojca , Rotermund Fabian , Kwon O-Pil 
Published: January 2023

For nonlinear optical materials to be applicable as efficient broadband terahertz (THz) wave generators, low absorption with wide transparency in the THz frequency range is highly important. In this study, we report efficient organic THz wave generators, 2-(4-hydroxystyryl)-1-methylquinolinium 4-bromobenzenesulfonate (OHQ-BBS) single crystals. Interestingly, the OHQ-BBS crystals exhibit a wide molecular vibrational mode-free range in the THz frequency region from 1.7 to 5.1 THz with an absorption coefficient of &lt;20 mm−1. By optical rectification employing 130 fs pump pulses at 1300 nm wavelength, the OHQ-BBS crystals generate extremely broad, dimple-free THz waves in the range of 1.2–5.5 THz. Additionally, a THz electric field that is 20 times higher than the field generated from the widely used ZnTe inorganic crystal is achieved. Therefore, the OHQ-BBS single crystals are highly promising materials for diverse THz photonic applications.
A combined melt-stretching and quenching setup for experimental studies of polymer crystallization under complex flow-temperature environments
Authors: Li Hanchuan , Ye Qiuyang , Sun Jiahui , Cui Shanlin , Zhang Zhen , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu , Wang Zhen 
Published: January 2023

A combined melt-stretching and quenching setup is designed and developed to allow experimental investigations of polymer crystallization under the complex flow-temperature environments comparable to those encountered in the actual industrial processing. The melt-stretching proceeds by two drums rotating in the opposite directions with simultaneous recording of a stress–strain curve, where the Hencky strain and strain rate (≤233 s−1) are adjustable over a large range. After stretching, liquid N2 is used as a cooling medium to quench the free-standing melt, which is sprayed directly to the deformed melt driven by an electric pump. To ensure a high cooling efficiency, a three-way solenoid valve is employed to execute a sequential control of the liquid N2 flow direction to reduce the boil-off of liquid N2 before entering the sample chamber. The melt cooling rate depends on the liquid N2 flow rate controlled by a flow valve, which is up to 221 °C/s when quenching the isotactic polypropylene (iPP) melt with a thickness of 0.28 mm at 150 °C. Two independent temperature control modules are designed to meet the requirements of different stages of melt-stretching and quenching. To verify the capability of the setup, we have performed the melt-stretching and quenching experiments on iPP samples. The setup is demonstrated to be a valuable new tool to study polymer crystallization under coupled flow-cooling fields.
Spectroscopic snapshot for neutral water nonamer (H2O)9: Adding a H2O onto a hydrogen bond-unbroken edge of (H2O)8
Authors: Zheng Huijun , Zhang Yang-Yang , Wang Tiantong , Jiang Shuai , Yan Wenhui , Wang Chong , Zhao Ya , Hu Han-Shi , Yang Jiayue , Zhang Weiqing , Wu Guorong , Dai Dongxu , Li Gang , Li Jun , Yang Xueming , Jiang Ling 
Published: January 2023

Structural characterization of neutral water clusters is crucial to understanding the structures and properties of water, but it has been proven to be a challenging experimental target due to the difficulty in size selection. Here, we report the size-specific infrared spectra of confinement-free neutral water nonamer (H2O)9 based on threshold photoionization, using a tunable vacuum ultraviolet free-electron laser. Distinct OH stretch vibrational fundamentals in the 3200–3350 cm−1 region are observed, providing unique spectral signatures for the formation of an unprecedented (H2O)9 structure evolved by adding a ninth water molecule onto a hydrogen bond-unbroken edge of the (H2O)8 octamer with D2d symmetry. This nonamer structure coexists with the five previously identified structures that can be viewed as derived by inserting a ninth water molecule into a hydrogen bond-broken edge of the D2d/S4 octamer. These findings provide key microscopic information for systematic understanding of the formation and growth mechanism of dynamical hydrogen-bonding networks that are responsible for the structure and properties of condensed-phase water.
Landscape dynamics and diversification of the megadiverse South American freshwater fish fauna
Authors: Cassemiro Fernanda A. S. , Albert James S. , Antonelli Alexandre , Menegotto André , Wüest Rafael O. , Cerezer Felipe , Coelho Marco Túlio P. , Reis Roberto E. , Tan Milton , Tagliacollo Victor , Bailly Dayani , da Silva Valéria F. B. , Frota Augusto , da Graça Weferson J. , Ré Reginaldo , Ramos Telton , Oliveira Anielly G. , Dias Murilo S. , Colwell Robert K. , Rangel Thiago F. , Graham Catherine H. 
Published: January 2023

Landscape dynamics are widely thought to govern the tempo and mode of continental radiations, yet the effects of river network rearrangements on dispersal and lineage diversification remain poorly understood. We integrated an unprecedented occurrence dataset of 4,967 species with a newly compiled, time-calibrated phylogeny of South American freshwater fishes—the most species-rich continental vertebrate fauna on Earth—to track the evolutionary processes associated with hydrogeographic events over 100 Ma. Net lineage diversification was heterogeneous through time, across space, and among clades. Five abrupt shifts in net diversification rates occurred during the Paleogene and Miocene (between 30 and 7 Ma) in association with major landscape evolution events. Net diversification accelerated from the Miocene to the Recent (c. 20 to 0 Ma), with Western Amazonia having the highest rates of in situ diversification, which led to it being an important source of species dispersing to other regions. All regional biotic interchanges were associated with documented hydrogeographic events and the formation of biogeographic corridors, including the Early Miocene (c. 23 to 16 Ma) uplift of the Serra do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueira and the Late Miocene (c. 10 Ma) uplift of the Northern Andes and associated formation of the modern transcontinental Amazon River. The combination of high diversification rates and extensive biotic interchange associated with Western Amazonia yielded its extraordinary contemporary richness and phylogenetic endemism. Our results support the hypothesis that landscape dynamics, which shaped the history of drainage basin connections, strongly affected the assembly and diversification of basin-wide fish faunas.
Translation of allusive literary text in both directions
Authors: Ren Haimeng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe translation of culture-specific expressions has received considerable attention in translation studies in recent decades; however, the translation of allusion and allusive text has rarely been touched upon. This article reports an eye-tracking study which aims to answer the following question: What factors influence the allocation of cognitive efforts (CE) in L1 and L2 translation of allusive text? Results from a generalised linear mixed model revealed that for the 30 Chinese student translators who participated in this study, the impact of allusion type was significant in L1 but not L2 translation. Allusion familiarity, the source context length and typing speed have no significant relationship with the amount of CE in all areas of interest (AOIs). Meanwhile, Skopoi and the visits to the external resources correlated with the CE in both directions of the translation process.
How and when need for cognitive closure impacts attitudes towards women managers (Cómo y cuándo la necesidad de cierre influye en las actitudes hacia las mujeres directivas)
Authors: Viola Marta , Baldner Conrad , Pierro Antonio 
Published: January 2023

In recent decades, a new line of research has found associations between specific individual differences with prejudice against female leaders. In three studies collected in Italy with heterogeneous samples (Total N = 391), we investigated the relationship between self-reported need for cognitive closure (NCC) and attitudes towards women as managers. In Study 1a we used a sample of Italian students and hypothesized that higher NCC is associated with more negative attitudes towards women managers and that this relationship is mediated by benevolence, but not by hostility, towards men. In Study 1b we used a sample of Italian employees and hypothesized that employees with higher NCC had less (vs. more) negative attitudes towards women managers when they had a female (vs. male) superior. In Study 2 we tested the model including both mediators and moderator from the previous two preliminary studies on a sample of Italian employees. The findings support the hypotheses. Our work increases knowledge about the individual-level antecedents of prejudice against women managers, as well as the conditions under which it can be reduced.
Parameter estimation of gravitational waves with a quantum metropolis algorithm
Authors: Escrig Gabriel , Campos Roberto , Casares Pablo A M , Martin-Delgado M A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
After the first detection of a gravitational wave in 2015, the number of successes achieved by this innovative way of looking through the Universe has not stopped growing. However, the current techniques for analyzing this type of events present a serious bottleneck due to the high computational power they require. In this article we explore how recent techniques based on quantum algorithms could surpass this obstacle. For this purpose, we propose a quantization of the classical algorithms used in the literature for the inference of gravitational wave parameters based on the well-known quantum walks technique applied to a Metropolis–Hastings algorithm. Finally, we develop a quantum environment on classical hardware, implementing a metric to compare quantum versus classical algorithms in a fair way. We further test all these developments in the real inference of several sets of parameters of all the events of the first detection period GWTC-1 and we find a polynomial advantage in the quantum algorithms, thus setting a first starting point for future algorithms.
Stellar instability from parametric resonance
Authors: Maier Rodrigo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper we examine the stability of stellar configurations in which the interior solution is described by a closed Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) geometry sourced with a charged pressureless fluid and radiation. An interacting vacuum component and a conformally coupled massive scalar field are also included. Given a simple factor for the energy transfer between the pressureless fluid and the vacuum component we obtain bounded interior oscillatory solutions. We show that in proper domains of the parameter space the interior dynamics is highly unstable so that the break of the Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser (KAM) tori leads to a disruptive ejection of mass. For such configurations the interior solution asymptotically matches an exterior Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter spacetime.
Dual-band valley topological refraction materials for bulk elastic waves manipulation
Authors: Huo Shao-Yong , Li Hong-Kang , Chen Cong-Ying , Deng Jian , Yao Long-Chao , Fu Chun-Ming , Huang Hong-Bo , Qu Wei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Valley topological refraction material (TRM) of elastic wave and its direction signal transmittance with robustness against structural disturbance is crucial for various applications such as communication, navigation and detection devices for medical and industrial purpose. However, the existing TRM is limited by the single topological band, which obviously hinders the exploration of the multi-band topological ultrasonic devices to guarantee its efficiency and stability. Here, we demonstrate the dual-band valley TRM for elastic waves, in which the valley edge states and their robustness are investigated. Furthermore, the topological refractions of the valley edge states from the interface into the free space at zigzag termination in two frequency bands are explored, where the mode conversion of the bulk elastic wave occurs at interface termination. Interestingly, the full mode conversion from longitudinal to transverse waves is revealed in the low frequency band while the non-full mode conversion between the longitudinal and transverse takes place in the high frequency band. The researched dual-band elastic TRM could facilitate the potential applications in multi-band and multi-directional devices.
Crystalline texture of cobalt nanowire arrays probed by the switching field distribution and FORC diagrams
Authors: Lobo Guerrero A , Encinas A , Araujo E , Piraux L , de la Torre Medina J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The crystalline texture of arrays of low diameter Co nanowires (NWs) synthesized by electrodeposition using electrolytes with different acidities (pH in the range 2.0–6.6) was studied by the switching field distribution (SFD) and first order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams. Particularly, the SFD determined as the derivative

d
M

/

d
H

of the descending part of the major hysteresis loop has proven to be a reliable and powerful method for the identification of different crystalline textures in the NWs and the quantification of their corresponding texture percentages. The presence of the face centered cubic-like texture at low pH values and hexagonal close packed textures with the c-axis perpendicular and parallel to the NWs axis at higher pH values have been identified by performing multiple Gaussian fits to the SFD by virtue of their different magnetic behavior observed during reversal of the magnetization. The field position and size of each curve in the multiple Gaussian fit provide information about the corresponding magnetic contribution and volumetric texture percentage of each crystalline texture in the NWs, respectively. The analysis of the SFD has been complemented and validated with FORC diagram measurements, showing that the width of the coercive field distribution is in good agreement with the width of the SFD. Also, it has been found that the different branches observed in the FORC diagrams along the interaction axis provide further insight on the interaction between magnetocrystalline fields. This work provides a novel methodology for the use of magnetometry as a reliable technique for the study of the interplay between the microstructure and magnetic behavior of arrays of NWs.
A VMD-PE-SG denoising method based on K–L divergence for satellite atomic clock
Authors: Yifeng Liang , Jiangning Xu , Fangneng Li , Miao Wu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The time scale of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is the core element for its position, navigation and timing services. A highly stable atomic clock is essential to ensure the reliability of the GNSS time scale. This study proposed a novel hybrid denoising model combining variational mode decomposition (VMD), K–L divergence, permutation entropy (PE), and Savitzky–Golay (SG) filter for satellite atomic clocks. Firstly, the key parameter of VMD is solved efficiently by taking the minimum sum of K–L divergence of decomposed modes as the constraint condition, and the optimised parameters are applied to the decomposition process. On this basis, the PE algorithm is used to determine the modes decomposed by VMD into signal-dominant and noise-dominant components by searching for the mutation of PE value at two adjacent points. Finally, the noise-dominant components are denoised by the SG filter and then reconstructed with the signal-dominant components to form the denoised signal. The analysis of the simulated signal shows that the method can effectively remove noise from the simulated signal, and the resulting denoised signal is similar to the pure signal. Compared with commonly used ensemble empirical mode decomposition and wavelet denoising methods, the signal-noise ratio of the proposed method is improved by 21.2% and 28.9%, and the root mean square error is improved by 24.1% and 29.8%, respectively. The results of experimental data testify that the K–L VMD-PE-SG-based denoising method can significantly reduce the dominant noise within one day, thus effectively improving the short to medium-term frequency stability. Compared with the original signal, the stability of the smoothing time within 76 800 s is generally improved, and the degree of improvement depends on the type of atomic clock and the smoothing time.
Time transfer with BDS-3 signals: CV, PPP and IPPP
Authors: Ren Zhiling , Gong Hang , Lyu Daqian , Peng Jing , Guo Yu , Sun Guangfu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The third phase of BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS-3) was officially commissioned on 31 July 2020. In this study, we make a comprehensive evaluation of BDS-3 time transfer with the B1I, B3I, B1C and B2a measurements. The multi-path (MP) errors and noises of different BDS-3 ranging signals are analyzed to illustrate characteristic of the code observations firstly. Then dual-frequency ionosphere-free linear combinations of BDS-3 B1I&B3I and B1C&B2a measurements are used to achieve time transfer. Using Multi-GNSS Experiment station observations, we evaluate the performance of BDS-3 time transfer with common-view (CV), precise point positioning (PPP) and integer ambiguity PPP (IPPP) techniques. Analysis results show that BDS-3 B1C&B2a CV time transfer links show a better performance than GPS L1P&L2P links, whereas BDS-3 B1I&B3I links are worse than GPS links. For the PPP time transfer, GPS links show the best performance, followed by BDS-3 B1C&B2a links and B1I&B3I links. Furthermore, frequency stability of BDS-3 IPPP time transfer is more stable than PPP solutions at the long average interval time. And the long-term frequency stability of BDS-3 IPPP is comparable with GPS IPPP.
Adaptive fractionation at the MR-linac
Authors: Pérez Haas Y , Ludwig R , Dal Bello R , Tanadini-Lang S , Unkelbach J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. Fractionated radiotherapy typically delivers the same dose in each fraction. Adaptive fractionation (AF) is an approach to exploit inter-fraction motion by increasing the dose on days when the distance of tumor and dose-limiting organs at risk (OAR) is large and decreasing the dose on unfavorable days. We develop an AF algorithm and evaluate the concept for patients with abdominal tumors previously treated at the MR-linac in 5 fractions. Approach. Given daily adapted treatment plans, inter-fractional changes are quantified by sparing factors δ

t
defined as the OAR-to-tumor dose ratio. The key problem of AF is to decide on the dose to deliver in fraction t, given δ

t
and the dose delivered in previous fractions, but not knowing future δ

t
s. Optimal doses that maximize the expected biologically effective dose in the tumor (BED10) while staying below a maximum OAR BED3 constraint are computed using dynamic programming, assuming a normal distribution over δ with mean and variance estimated from previously observed patient-specific δ

t
s. The algorithm is evaluated for 16 MR-linac patients in whom tumor dose was compromised due to proximity of bowel, stomach, or duodenum. Main Results. In 14 out of the 16 patients, AF increased the tumor BED10 compared to the reference treatment that delivers the same OAR dose in each fraction. However, in 11 of these 14 patients, the increase in BED10 was below 1 Gy. Two patients with large sparing factor variation had a benefit of more than 10 Gy BED10 increase. For one patient, AF led to a 5 Gy BED10 decrease due to an unfavorable order of sparing factors. Significance. On average, AF provided only a small increase in tumor BED. However, AF may yield substantial benefits for individual patients with large variations in the geometry.
River Islands of Khazir River A Geomorphological Study Along the Area from Nedoush Valley to the Upper Zap
Authors: Al،Mohsen Asbahia Younis , Hasan Haneen Muhanned 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The study tackled the phenomenon of river islands in the Al-Kazir river, along the Nedoush valley to the Upper Zab river, which is part of the administrative borders of Mosul and Erbil governorates in northern Iraq. It addresses the main natural and human factors that facilitate the formation of the river islands, including the impact of geological factors and climate, the slope of the stream, and meanders, in addition to delineating the direct fundamental role of the river load on the islands’ formation. It also shows the impact of human factors such as agriculture, grazing, and most importantly, quarries. Then shows the difference in the islands’ numbers and sizes along the study area.
Velocity Patterns inside the Proposed Makhool Dam Reservoir with Different Operation Plans
Authors: Altawash M M , Al Thamiry H A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Makhoul Dam project proposed to be established is considered one of the strategic projects in Iraq as it works to insurance large quantity of water spare in flood seasons, increase the storage capacity of the dams in Iraq, as well as increase food security. The Makhool Dam is located on Tigris River in Salah al-Din Governorate, and 8 km south of the meeting point of the Tigris River with the Lower Zab River. The lake area is about 256 km2. In this research, a mathematical model was prepared by using HEC-RAS Two Dimension Software to analyze the velocity patterns and water depths inside makhool dam reservoir at the highest operational water elevation, based on the designs prepared by the Iraqi Ministry of Water Resources which is 150.25 m.a.s.l. The present study was conducted to investigate velocity patterns with the difference outlet discharges and changing the operation of the spillway gates within Makhool reservoir. The velocities were predicted and evaluated by utilizing modeling efficiency was 99.7%. This shows that the velocity distribution can be described the pattern with a good accuracy. The obtained velocities were ranged from -0.5 m/s to 5.1 m/s, the maximum velocities were near the dam axis.
Detection of Groundwater Table by Using Ground Penetrating Radar in Two Selected Sites/Northern Iraq
Authors: Salih Sabbar Abdalah , Dhahir Mahmood Nayef , Ahmed Muhana Mutaab 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA non-damaging geophysical measurement technique test method ground penetrating radar (GPR) was carried out successfully in two sites in the middle and north of Iraq in order to investigate the feasibility of detecting the shallow underground water level in both selected sites. The results show that the groundwater depths in Baiji site were between 0.95m, and 1.2m, while in Hammam AL-Aleel site were between 1.0m to 1.1m near the river. It was also noticed in Hammam AL-Aleel site that the GPR image showed the appearances of dramatically and clear dissolving features that sometimes coincide with the level of groundwater which was approximately about 4m depth to the west of Northern Thermal Power Plant (NTPP), due to the existence of Fatha formation; while in the east of (NTPP) there was no solubility features due to the absence of Fatha formation and the presence of quaternary coarse sediments. This technique has been proved to be an effective detection method for underground water level and can serve as a reference for future application using the dependent physical property of permittivity and conductivity in engineering site investigation, hydrogeological investigations, and the detection of subsurface cavities.