bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serologic heterogeneity in I-J determinants associated with functionally distinct T cell regulatory factors.
Authors: Flood P M , Waltenbaugh C , Tada T , Chue B , Murphy D B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Information transfer among regulatory T cell subsets is mediated by biologically active T cell factors. Many of these factors are comprised of two molecules: one that binds antigen, and another that is I-J+ and determines the self recognition capability of the factor (I-J molecule). In the in vitro response to sheep red blood cells, we used three functionally distinct I-J+ factors to study the relationship between polymorphic I-J determinants and the biological activity of these factors. Our study shows that several monoclonal I-J antibodies react with I-J molecules associated with T suppressor-inducer factor (TsiF) and T suppressor-effector factor (TseF), but not with T contrasuppressor inducer factor (TcsiF). In contrast, a different set of monoclonal I-J reagents reacts with TcsiF but not TsiF or TseF. Finally, some monoclonal I-J antibodies distinguish between I-J molecules associated with TsiF and TseF. Thus anti-I-J reagents differentially react with I-J determinants on regulatory factors, and this differential pattern of reactivity correlates with the functional activity of the factors. The possible relationship between I-J heterogeneity and the biological function of I-J molecules in regulation is discussed.
Monoclonal anti-alpha (1----3) dextran antibodies of Igha BALB/c and Ighb C.B20 mice display striking similarities.
Authors: Pène J , Rousseau V , Zaghouani H , Paroutaud P , Strosberg A D , Stanislawski M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Allotype Ighb congenic C.B20 mice when immunized with dextran B1355S are unable to produce anti-alpha (1----3) dextran antibodies that express the VH-associated cross-reactive IdX idiotype. This intrastrain-specific idiotype is normally associated only with the anti-dextran response of Igha mice of which BALB/c is a prototype strain. In this study we have obtained monoclonal hybridoma antibodies specific for the alpha (1----3) glucosidic linkage of dextran from C.B20 mice that were presensitized with rabbit anti-IdX antibodies. These antibodies display the light chain isotype distribution, the H chain amino terminal sequence, share VH-associated IdX idiotypic determinants, and finally the similar fine specificity for dextrans observed for anti-alpha (1----3) dextran antibodies of BALB/c mice.
Bacterial activation of human natural killer cells. Characteristics of the activation process and identification of the effector cell.
Authors: Tarkkanen J , Saksela E , Lanier L L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We showed previously that contact of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with glutaraldehyde-fixed Salmonella bacteria augmented their cytotoxic capacity against NK-sensitive targets. We have now analyzed the characteristics of the activation and also identified the subsets of lymphocytes responding to bacterial contact. Blocking of protein synthesis with cyclohexamide totally abrogated bacterial induction of activated killing (AK), whereas inhibition of DNA synthesis with mitomycin C did not significantly affect the capacity of lymphocytes to respond to bacterial contact. Both the induction and the effector phase of AK were radioresistant. The AK cells exhibited efficient lytic activity, comparable to that induced by recombinant IL 2 (rIL 2), against NK-resistant targets (including both hematopoietic and solid tumor cell lines). All inducible cytotoxic activity was contained within the subset of lymphocytes expressing Leu-19 (NKH-1) antigen. Leu-19- lymphocytes exhibited no significant NK activity and could not be further stimulated by bacterial contact, rIL 2, or IFN-alpha. Within the Leu-19+ lymphocyte subset, two distinct cell types were present; CD3-, Leu-19+ NK cells and CD3+. Leu-19+ T cells. The CD3+, Leu-19+, T cells mediated low levels of non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity against K562, but did not respond to bacterial contact, even though rIL 2 could augment their lytic activity slightly. However, the cytotoxic activity of CD3-, Leu-19+ NK cells was significantly augmented by bacterial contact. Within the CD3-, Leu-19+ NK cell population both CD16+ and CD16- cells responded to bacterial activation. The CD3-, CD16-, Leu-19+ cells constituted 1 to 4% of the Percoll-fractionated low buoyant density lymphocytes and accounted for the activation seen within the CD16- lymphocyte population. Thus bacterial stimulation of NK activity seems to be mediated for the most part via CD16+, Leu-19+ cells, and a minor overall contribution is mediated via CD3-, CD16-, Leu-19+ cells. No apparent involvement of T cells was seen in the lytic response of lymphocytes to bacterial contact.
Involvement of prostaglandins in the immune alterations caused by the exposure of mice to ultraviolet radiation.
Authors: Chung H T , Burnham D K , Robertson B , Roberts L K , Daynes R A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Our study was designed to analyze the possible involvement of prostaglandins in the mechanisms responsible for the depressions in contact hypersensitivity (CH) responsiveness observed in UVR-exposed animals. Low-dose UVR-exposed animals were found to exhibit a depressed capacity to elicit CH responses after hapten application to irradiated (devoid of Langerhans cells) or UVR-protected (normal Langerhans cells) dorsal skin surfaces. Normal responsiveness was observed in low-dose UVR-exposed animals sensitized through unirradiated ventral skin surfaces. Indomethacin treatment of low-dose UVR-exposed animals (to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in vivo) caused a retention in the capacity to respond normally to CH induction to haptens applied to the nonirradiated, but not to irradiated, dorsal skin surfaces. High-dose UVR-exposed animals, which normally exhibit a depression in responsiveness to hapten sensitization, retained a normal capacity to elicit CH responses if treated with the drug indomethacin. These findings implicate prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of the immunologic hyporesponsiveness, observed in low- and high-dose UVR-exposed animals. Our studies also determined that under all experimental conditions where animals were contact sensitized through nonirradiated skin sites, CH-effector cells could be found in the draining lymph nodes. No CH-effector cells were observed in the lymph nodes of mice that were contact sensitized directly through irradiated skin sites. It was also found that the spleens of both UVR-exposed and normal animals contained adoptively transferrable suppressor cells subsequent to hapten application. This demonstration of CH-effector and CH-suppressor cells in both normal and UVR-exposed animals did not directly relate to the potential of the donor animals to elicit a CH response.
The intracellular retention of newly synthesized platelet-activating factor.
Authors: Lynch J M , Henson P M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ether phospholipid platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been generally assumed to be released into the extracellular environment by the cells of origin, whereupon it effects its well-known mediator functions. However, during the generation of PAF by human neutrophils, it was noted that the majority of the measurable PAF remained associated with the cells. Accordingly, the intracellular and extracellular distribution of PAF was examined in neutrophils and several other cell types. No PAF was detected in association with unstimulated neutrophils. However, in stimulated neutrophils, PAF was produced and the majority of this material remained in association with the cells independent of the type of stimulus, dose of stimulus, or method of cell isolation used. This pattern of cell association of PAF was seen in all but one of the cell types tested. The retention of PAF by stimulated neutrophils was not due to spurious underestimates of the extracellular levels due to extracellular metabolism and inactivation of released PAF, nor to release followed by readsorption or binding of PAF to the cells. The retention of PAF also occurred in the presence of plasma and appears to be a common phenomenon. Thus, the majority of newly synthesized PAF appears to be retained within the cell and not released.
Different T cell requirements for specific memory induction in normal and xid B cells.
Authors: Johnson D R , Faherty D A , Zauderer M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The immune response to TTGG-A--L, a defined-sequence, branched-chain polypeptide, is regulated by MHC-linked Ir genes. TTGG-A--L specific B cells can be demonstrated in both normal and immune-defective low responder strains by activation to specific antibody secretion after immunization with TTGGAA-F gamma G, a conjugate of the hexapeptide TTGGAA and the immunogenic carrier fowl gamma-globulin. It is shown that immunization with TTGG-A--L induces specific memory B cells with equal efficiency in normal low and high responder strains but not in immune-defective low responder strains. We conclude that memory induction in xid B cells in contrast to normal B cells is dependent on MHC-restricted, carrier-specific helper T cells. Other observations also suggest a more stringent requirement for MHC-restricted, carrier-specific helper T cells in the induction of TTGGAA-specific antibody secretion by xid as compared to normal B cells. Both normal and immune-defective H-2k/b hybrids between the mutant CBA/N strain and TTGG-A--L high responder BALB.B are responders to TTGG-A--L. In contrast, normal but not immune-defective H-2k/d hybrids with responder BALB/c are responders to TTGG-A--L. This identifies H-2d as a TTGG-A--L high responder haplotype for normal B cells but a low responder haplotype for xid B cells, whereas H-2b is a high responder haplotype for both normal and xid B cells. This must reflect a quantitative or qualitative difference in Ir gene-mediated cellular interactions required for induction of antibody secretion in normal and xid B cells.
Antigen Der f I from the dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae: structural comparison with Der p I from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and epitope specificity of murine IgG and human IgE antibodies.
Authors: Heymann P W , Chapman M D , Platts-Mills T A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The physicochemical and antigenic properties of an allergen purified from Dermatophagoides farinae, Der f I, were compared with Der p I from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. On SDS-PAGE, Der f I migrated as a single polypeptide chain with the same m.w. as Der p I (24,000). Two isoallergenic peaks of Der f I were identified on preparative isoelectric focusing (pI 5.7 to 6.3 and pI 6.6 to 6.95). Fractions from each peak were shown to have an identical amino acid composition (which was similar but not identical to Der p I) and the same N-terminal amino acid sequence. There was a good correlation between quantitative intradermal skin tests to both purified allergens and to D. farinae extract in mite-allergic patients, with positive results when using as little as 10(-5) micrograms/ml of Der f I. The majority of sera with detectable IgE antibody to D. farinae also had IgE antibody to Der f I both among children (29/42 = 69%) and adults (55/63 = 87%). By RAST, there was an excellent correlation between IgE antibody to Der f I and Der p I in sera from 42 mite-allergic children (n = 0.94, p less than 0.001). Polyclonal IgG antibodies from six mice immunized with Der f I showed preferential binding to that allergen, and most monoclonal antibodies (16 of 18) raised against Der f I did not bind Der p I. However, two monoclonal antibodies from this fusion showed cross-reactive binding to both allergens. Immunoabsorption experiments, using D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae extracts coupled to Sepharose, showed that a large proportion of murine antibodies (74% to Der p I and 60 to 93% to Der f I) could not be absorbed by the heterologous extract on the immunosorbent. In contrast, in sera from seven mite-allergic patients, most of the specific IgE and IgG antibody (i.e., greater than or equal to 82%) was removed by either immunosorbent. Thus, Der f I and Der p I represent a homologous pair of major allergens which possess both cross-reacting and species-specific epitopes. The antibody response in mice immunized with either allergen in complete Freund's adjuvant was largely directed against species-specific epitopes, whereas in allergic humans, IgE- and IgG-specific antibodies bound predominately to cross-reacting epitopes.
Analysis of cytostatic/cytotoxic lymphokines: relationship of natural killer cytotoxic factor to recombinant lymphotoxin, recombinant tumor necrosis factor, and leukoregulin.
Authors: Ortaldo J R , Ransom J R , Sayers T J , Herberman R B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous results that were obtained by using supernatants from the co-culture of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and the natural killer susceptible cell line K562 strongly inhibited the growth of various tumor cell lines. No correlation was observed between the susceptibility of the target cell lines to growth inhibition and to lysis by natural killer cells. Rather the spectrum of cytostatic activity and the characteristics of the soluble factor were similar to those of leukoregulin (LRG), a recently described lymphokine. Because of the recent availability of recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin (LT), we compare the target selectivity and mechanism of action of these (TNF, LT, LRG) factors with natural killer cytotoxic factor (NKCF). The pattern of target cell susceptibility to growth inhibition or cytolysis by the factors were quite distinct from the pattern observed when cells were exposed to NKCF. Furthermore, antibodies to rLT or rTNF had no effect on LRG cytostasis or NKCF lysis, arguing against a requirement for or synergistic interaction with low levels of LT or TNF. Some of the targets susceptible to LRG were growth inhibited but were not lysed, thereby distinguishing it from NKCF. Furthermore, LRG cytostasis was not inhibited by mannose-6-PO4 or rabbit antibodies to granule cytolysin, both of which block natural killer cytotoxic factor. Therefore, LRG appears to be a cytostatic factor produced by large granular lymphocytes in response to K562 that is distinct from NKCF, TNF, and LT. In addition, NKCF, rLT, rTNF, and LRG, although having cytotoxic/cytostatic activity, are distinct functional factors and may represent a family of lytic factors.
The assignment of chain specificities for anti-Ia monoclonal antibodies using L cell transfectants.
Authors: Landias D , Beck B N , Buerstedde J M , Degraw S , Klein D , Koch N , Murphy D , Pierres M , Tada T , Yamamoto K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The chain specificities of 18 Ak and 26 Ab-reactive anti-Ia monoclonal antibodies have been determined. L cells were transfected with haplotype-matched (A alpha k:A beta k, A alpha b:A beta k) or haplotype-mismatched (A alpha k:A beta b, A alpha b:A beta k) cDNA pairs, lines expressing high levels of surface A complex were selected, and antibody reactivity with a panel of reagents was assessed by cytofluorimetric analysis. Most of the antibodies recognized a determinant specified by one chain, either alpha or (more commonly) beta. A few examples of more complex determinants were also observed. A knowledge of the chain specificities of anti-Ia monoclonal antibodies should prove useful for a variety of studies aimed at dissecting Ia structure-function relationships.
Three distinct H-2Ks molecules differing at the carboxy terminus are expressed on a tumor from SJL/J mice.
Authors: Rogers M J , Siwarski D F , Shacter E , Maloy W L , Lillehoj E P , Coligan J E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A dimethylbenzanthracene-induced leukemia of H-2s origin expressed at least two class I molecules on the cell surface that were precipitated by anti-H-2.19, an alloantiserum prepared against the private H-2Ks specificity. Mapping studies in recombinant inbred strains along with comparisons of tryptic peptide maps and N-terminal sequences indicated that the proteins were virtually identical and probably encoded by the same class I gene. When cells were labeled in the presence of tunicamycin, the proteins precipitated by anti-H-2.19 were further resolved into three distinct peptides. Experiments were performed to determine which of these various proteins were phosphorylated and which were recognized by an anti-synthetic peptide serum directed against the ultimate C-terminus of H-2K class I molecules. The results indicate that a single class I gene from the H-2Ks region may encode three class I molecules that differ only at the C-terminus due to alternative splicing of pre-mRNA.
A unique antigen on mature B cells defined by a monoclonal antibody.
Authors: Link M P , Bindl J , Meeker T C , Carswell C , Doss C A , Warnke R A , Levy R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A novel 42,000 dalton antigen (MB-1) expressed by mature human B cells in blood and tonsil was identified and characterized by utilizing a hybridoma monoclonal antibody. A comparison of MB-1 with other known B cell antigens suggests that the MB-1 antigen has not been previously identified. From one-and two-color immunofluorescence studies, it appears that the MB-1 antigen is found on all normal immunoglobulin (Ig)-expressing cells, but not on T cells, thymocytes, granulocytes, or platelets. Studies of malignant B cell tumors reveal that the antigen is expressed by virtually all Ig-expressing B cell tumors but only 10% of SIg- B-lineage leukemias. Data from these studies suggest that the MB-1 antigen is expressed late in B cell ontogeny before the expression of SIg.
The NZB X SWR model of lupus nephritis. I. Cross-reactive idiotypes of monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies in relation to antigenic specificity, charge, and allotype. Identification of interconnected idiotype families inherited from the normal SWR and the autoimmune NZB parents.
Authors: Gavalchin J , Seder R A , Datta S K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The incidence of lupus nephritis is low in autoimmune NZB mice, but when they are crossed with normal SWR mice, almost 100% of the female F1 hybrids (SNF1) develop lethal glomerulonephritis. In a previous study we showed that anti-DNA auto-antibodies produced by the SNF1 mice were qualitatively different from those made by the NZB parents with respect to their isotype, charge, and antigenic specificity patterns. Here we studied idiotypic cross-reactions among the 65 monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies that were derived from four NZB and seven SNF1 mice. A library of 15 anti-idiotypic antibodies were prepared by immunizing rabbits with 15 monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies selected from the panel of 65. We identified 10 cross-reactive idiotype (CRI) families among this large collection of autoantibodies. Five of these CRI families were restricted to cationic anti-DNA antibodies that were exclusively of SNF1 origin, and the strongly cross-reacting members were predominantly IgG2b auto-antibodies with the allotype of the normal SWR parent. The cationic anti-DNA CRI families could be grouped into an interrelated cluster called the Id564 cluster. The other five anti-DNA CRI families were not restricted to any particular parental allotype or charge, although two of these CRI were shared exclusively by SNF1-derived autoantibodies and four of these CRI families could also be grouped into an idiotypically interrelated cluster called the Id512 cluster. In the case of seven out of the 10 CRI families, the idiotypic determinants detected were close to the antigen-binding site of the anti-DNA antibodies. The results indicate that the idiotypic repertoire of anti-DNA autoantibodies produced by the SNF1 mice is different from the NZB parents, and potentially pathogenic (cationic) antibodies produced by the SNF1 mice that are encoded by genes from the normal SWR parent can be identified as distinct CRI families. In the accompanying paper we demonstrate the role of these anti-DNA CRI families in the development of lupus nephritis.
Interleukin 2 responses of lpr and normal L3T4-/Lyt-2- T cells induced by TPA plus A23187.
Authors: Katagiri K , Katagiri T , Eisenberg R A , Ting J , Cohen P L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The major population of cells that accumulate abnormally in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr lymphoid tissue is Thy-1+, L3T4-, and Lyt-2-. To clarify the functional potential of these cells, we examined their proliferation, interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptor expression, and IL 2 secretion by using as stimulants the combination of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-2-acetate and A23187 (a calcium ionophore). Although the lpr T cells were capable of responding to these stimulants, the nature of the response and of the concentrations of ligand required differed sharply from the responses of normal adult T cells, and of adult L3T4-Lyt-2- thymocytes. There was a strong similarity but not identity when responses of 16 day fetal thymocytes were compared with those of lpr L3T4-Lyt-2- cells. The unusual functional properties of the lpr cells, such as high A23187 dose requirement for maximal proliferation, low percentage of IL 2 receptor-expressing cells, and low levels of IL 2 secretion, suggested that these cells are arrested at a stage of development similar to that of 16-day fetal thymocytes and before adult L3T4-/Lyt-2- thymocytes.
Effect of surgical stress on murine natural killer cell cytotoxicity.
Authors: Pollock R E , Lotzová E , Stanford S D , Romsdahl M M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Natural killer cell cytotoxicity (NKCC) against tumors may be important in preventing in vivo solid tumor dissemination. Multiple animal models demonstrate increased rates of tumor dissemination after surgical stress; previously, we have observed that surgical stress impairs murine NKCC. Because of the importance of surgery in the control of solid tumors, it appeared valuable to examine the mechanism underlying surgical stress impairment of NKCC. The results of this study demonstrate that postsurgical suppression of NKCC begins as early as 2 hr after murine hind limb amputation, reaches nadir at 4 days, and does not recover to control level until postoperative day 12. Anesthetic treatment alone does not cause comparable NKCC suppression. The suppression of NKCC accompanied changes in both splenic size and morphology. The immune suppression was observed in multiple compartments including peripheral blood, bone marrow, and spleen. Mixing experiments demonstrated that surgical stress per se generated a suppressor cell population affecting NKCC. The observed suppression apparently required cell-to-cell contact, because supernatants from 4 and 18 hr cultures of suppressor cells did not cause suppression. The observed suppression was prevented by perioperative treatment with the pyrimidinone analog 2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenyl-4-pyrimidinol. These preclinical observations point to the future prospect of NK-specific perioperative immunotherapy that may help prevent possible tumor dissemination from occurring at the time of surgery.