bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locomotor adaptations in the Early Miocene species Diamantomys luederitzi (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Uganda (Napak)
Authors: Bento Da Costa Laura , Bardin Jérémie , Senut Brigitte 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe study of morphological adaptations to different ecological parameters among fossil vertebrates has been an important challenge in recent decades. In this paper, we focus on the link between morphological traits and locomotor behavior such as terrestriality, fossoriality and arboreality (including gliding). One of the most diverse groups in which various locomotor habits are represented is rodents, occupying a wide range of ecological niches. This work highlights morphological variations in skulls and humerus in extant rodents with varying locomotion, to predict this parameter in the extinct species Diamantomys luederitzi (Early Miocene, Napak, Uganda). Linear discriminant analysis and phylogenetic flexible discriminant analysis are used to analyze datasets obtained via traditional morphometry (measurements) and geometric morphometrics (landmarks). The results show good discrimination between locomotor groups for both structures in extant species: the skull has a wider and longer rostrum in terrestrial and fossorial taxa compared to arboreal rodents, is also higher and posteriorly wider in fossorial taxa; the distal humerus shows elongation of the trochlea and capitulum and a higher trochlea in fossorial and terrestrial species, allowing an increase of stability instead of mobility, which is more important in arboreal taxa for movement in trees. In D. luederitzi, all skull analyses except one predicted it as a terrestrial species, the other prediction as a glider was possibly linked to the diet. For the distal humerus, this species has been predicted as a terrestrial, fossorial and arboreal taxon in differing analyses, reflected by morphological traits represented in these different locomotor categories. These varying predictions could highlight the intraspecific variation in this fossil species as well as its locomotor repertoire, raising a discussion about the use of different methods in such analyses. In addition to these predictions, several issues are discussed, such as the presence of locomotor signal in the skull and its validity in locomotor studies, as well as the relevance of the use of fragmentary material in such analyses. The results obtained in this work highlight the importance of the locomotor signal in these structures, as well as the possibility of taking into account poorly preserved material, in particular the distal humerus.
B‐cell cytokine responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis in patients with periodontitis and healthy controls
Authors: Danielsen Anne Katrine , Damgaard Christian , Massarenti Laura , Østrup Peter , Riis Hansen Peter , Holmstrup Palle , Nielsen Claus H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundCytokine‐producing B cells play a well‐established role in modifying immune responses in chronic inflammatory diseases. We characterized B‐cell cytokine responses against periodontitis‐associated bacteria in patients with periodontitis.MethodsBlood and saliva samples were collected from patients with periodontitis grade B (N = 31) or grade C (N = 25), and 25 healthy controls (HCs). Mononuclear cells were stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Staphylococcus epidermidis, or Cutibacterium acnes, and B‐cell production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, interferon (IFN)‐γ, IL‐10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β by B cells was assessed by flow cytometry.ResultsHCs had higher baseline frequencies of B cells producing IFN‐γ or TNF‐α than grade B patients, but only B cells from grade B patients showed significant differentiation into IFN‐γ‐, TNF‐α‐, TGF‐β‐, or IL‐10‐producing cells after challenge with P. gingivalis and into IFN‐γ‐, TGF‐β‐, or IL‐10‐producing cells after challenge F. nucleatum. Notably, the baseline frequency of IL‐10‐producing B cells from grade C patients correlated inversely with clinical attachment loss (AL). The major proportion of the IFN‐γ‐ and TGF‐β‐producing B cells were CD27+ memory cells, while the IL‐10‒producing B cells were mainly CD27−CD5−.ConclusionsB cells from grade B patients, particularly those harboring P. gingivalis, showed proinflammatory B‐cell responses to P. gingivalis. Moreover, the baseline frequency of IL‐10‐producing B cells in the grade C group correlated inversely with AL, suggesting a diminished immunoregulatory capacity of IL‐10‒producing B cells in these patients.
Chlorogenic acid improves intestinal morphology by enhancing intestinal stem‐cell activity
Authors: Qin Yumei , Wang Suqiang , Huang Weiwei , Li Kejin , Wu Min , Liu Weilin , Han Jianzhong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDChlorogenic acid (CGA), as one of the most abundant naturally occurring phenolic acids, has been documented to be beneficial for intestinal health. However, the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood. The adult intestinal stem cell is the critical driver of epithelial homeostasis and regeneration.RESULTSThis study hypothesized that CGA exerted intestinal health effects by modulating intestinal stem‐cell functions. Lgr5‐EGFP mice were treated for 14 days, and intestinal organoids derived from these mice were treated for 3 days, using CGA solution. In comparison with the control group, CGA treatment increased intestinal villous height and crypt depth in mice and augmented the area expansion and the number of budding intestinal organoids. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis revealed that CGA treatment significantly increased the expression of genes coding intestinal stem‐cell markers in intestinal tissue and organoids, and upregulated the expression of genes coding secretory cell lineages and enterocytes, although not statistically significantly. Fluorescence‐activated cell‐sorting analysis further confirmed that CGA augmented the number of stem cells. 5‐Ethynyl‐2'‐deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation and Ki67 immunostaining results also demonstrated that CGA treatment enhanced intestinal stem‐cell proliferation.CONCLUSIONAltogether, our findings indicate that CGA could activate intestinal stem‐cell and epithelial regeneration, which could contribute to the improvement of intestinal morphology or organoid growth of mice. This highlights a promising mechanism for CGA as an excellent candidate for the formulation of dietary supplements and functional foods for intestinal protection. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Timing of resection of synchronous colorectal liver metastasis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gumiero Juliana Lima , Oliveira Beatriz Mariana Silva de , Neto Paulo Alves de Oliveira , Pandini Rafael Vaz , Gerbasi Lucas Soares , Figueiredo Marleny Novaes , Kruger Jaime Arthur Pirola , Seid Victor Edmond , Araujo Sérgio Eduardo Alonso , Tustumi Francisco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe resection of the primary colorectal tumor and liver metastases is the only potentially curative strategy. In such cases, there is no consensus on whether the resection of the primary tumor and metastases should be performed simultaneously or whether a staged approach should be performed (resection of the primary tumor and after, hepatectomy, or the “liver first” approach). The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of hepatectomy associated with colectomy in colorectal neoplasms, comparing simultaneous and staged resection.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Lilacs, and manual reference search. The last search was in July/2021. Inclusion criteria were: studies that compared simultaneous and staged hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastasis; studies that analyze short and/or long‐term outcomes. Exclusion criteria were reviews, letters, editorials, congress abstract, and full‐text unavailability. Perioperative outcomes and overall survival were evaluated and, for staged resections, the outcomes associated with each procedure were added. The ROBINS‐I and GRADE tools were used to assess the risk of bias and quality of evidence. Synthesis was performed using Forest plots. The PRISMA criteria (PROSPERO: CRD42021243762) were followed.ResultsThe initial search collected 5655 articles and, after selection, 33 were included, covering 6417 patients. Simultaneous resection was associated with shorter length of stay (DR: −3.48 days [95% confidence interval {CI}: −5.64, −1.32]), but with a higher risk of postoperative mortality (DR: 0.02 [95% CI: 0.01, 0.02]). There was no difference between groups for blood loss (risk difference [RD]: −141.38 ml [95% CI: −348.84, 66.09]), blood transfusion (RD: −0.06 [95% CI: −0.14, 0.03]) and general complications (RD: 0.01 [95% CI: −0.06, 0.04]). The longest operating time in staged surgery was not statistically significant (RD: ‐50.44 min [95% CI: −102.38, 1.49]). Regarding overall survival, there is no difference between groups (hazard ratio: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.71–1.04).ConclusionPatients must be well selected for each strategy. Simultaneous approach to patients at high surgical risk should be avoided due to increased perioperative mortality. However, when the patient presents a low surgical risk, the simultaneous approach reduces the hospital stay and guarantees long‐term results equivalent to staged surgery.
Glacial retreat and rising temperatures are limiting the expansion of temperate kelp species in the future Arctic
Authors: Niedzwiedz Sarina , Bischof Kai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractKelps act as ecosystem engineers on many polar rocky shore coastlines. The underwater light climate and temperature are the main drivers for their vertical and latitudinal distribution. With temperatures rising globally, an Arctic expansion of temperate kelp species and an accelerating glacial melt is predicted. It was our aim to investigate the effects of retreating glaciers and rising temperatures on the potential habitat of kelps in Arctic fjords. We analyzed the underwater light climate of areas being influenced by different stages of glacial retreat (sea‐terminating glacier, land‐terminating glacier, coastal water) in Arctic Kongsfjorden. We observed reduced light intensities and a changed spectral composition in glacial meltwater plumes, potentially resulting in an upward shift of the lower depth limit of kelp, counteracting the predicted biomass increase in the Arctic. Furthermore, we studied temperature‐related changes in light‐use characteristics in two kelp species (Alaria esculenta, Saccharina latissima) at 3°C, 7°C, and 11°C. Rising temperatures lead to a significant increase of the compensation irradiance of A. esculenta. The dark respiration of S. latissima increased significantly, correlating with a decreasing carbon content. We detected no differences in photosynthetic rates, although the chlorophyll a concentration of A. esculenta was ~ 78% higher compared to S. latissima. Ultimately, temperature‐induced changes in kelps light‐use characteristics might lead to a changed species composition, as we found A. esculenta better adapted to polar conditions. We conclude that the deterioration of the underwater light climate and the temperature increase may drive substantial changes of the future Arctic kelp forest structure.
Coastal wetland adaptability to sea level rise: The neglected role of semi‐diurnal vs. diurnal tides
Authors: Belliard Jean‐Philippe , Gourgue Olivier , Govers Gerard , Kirwan Matthew L. , Temmerman Stijn 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTidal marshes and mangroves are threatened by relative sea level rise (RSLR) in certain regions on Earth. Elsewhere, these coastal wetlands can adapt through sediment accretion and resulting surface elevation gain. Studies identifying drivers of the global variability in coastal wetland adaptability to RSLR ignored the role of the tidal pattern, varying from semi‐diurnal to diurnal globally. Here, we present a meta‐analysis, including 394 marsh and mangrove sites worldwide, and demonstrate that the tidal pattern explains ~ 25% of the variability in wetland elevation response to RSLR. Using a numerical model, we illustrate that less frequent, diurnal tides trigger lower sediment accretion rates, hence higher wetland vulnerability to RSLR, for various values of RSLR rates, tidal range and sediment supply. Our findings reveal a previously overlooked but relevant driver of coastal wetland adaptability to RSLR and call for new research as tidal patterns may affect other wetland ecosystem functions and services.
Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) Regulates mTORC1 Signaling and Autophagy by Inhibiting SESN2 Expression
Authors: Wang GuoYan , Chen Lei , Qin SenLin , Geng HuiJun , Xia Chao , Zheng YiNing , Lei XinJian , Zhang Jun , Wu ShengRu , Yao JunHu , Deng Lu 
Published: January 2023

ScopeThe mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), as a link between nutrients and autophagy, senses many nutrients in the microenvironment. A growing body of recent literature describes the function of bile acids (BAs) as versatile signaling molecules, while it remains largely unclear whether mTORC1 can sense BAs and the mechanism has not been studied.Methods and resultsAfter treating LO2 cells with indicated concentration of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) inhibitor/activator for 6 h, it finds that CDCA and FXR significantly accelerate mTORC1 activation. The results of immunofluorescence indicate that CDCA and FXR inhibit cellular autophagy through activating mTORC1 pathway. In particular, these findings show that CDCA and FXR promote the lysosomal translocation and activation of mTORC1 in an amino acid‐sensitive manner. Mechanistically, the transcriptomics data indicate that SESN2 is a checkpoint for mTORC1 lysosome translocation and activation induced by FXR, and knockdown SESN2 with siRNA suppresses the regulation of FXR on autophagy.ConclusionThese results indicate that FXR‐induced decrease in SESN2 expression and activation of the mTORC1 pathway can control autophagy and be explored as potential therapeutic targets for enterohepatic and metabolic disorders.
New strategies for developing GPU accelerated disk‐based discontinuous deformation analysis for large‐scale modeling
Authors: Liu Feng , Chen Zediao , Xia Kaiwen , Xu Dongdong , Yang Yongtao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe major obstacle for the application of discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) in engineering problems is the high computational cost and poor efficiency. In this paper, the main algorithms of disk‐based DDA are redesigned and implemented on graphics processing unit (GPU) to improve its performance. First, a contact pair‐wise scheme is proposed to assemble the stiffness matrix on GPU. Second, a buffer strategy and a GPU version of grid‐based contact detection algorithm are developed to improve the efficiency of contact detection. Third, for solving the simultaneous equations, two iterative methods are considered along with the direct solver method. The parallel performances of proposed strategies are tested and compared with the CPU counterparts. The results show that the maximum speedup ratio is 14 for the assembly of the stiffness matrix and 215 for contact detection. The speedup ratio for solving simultaneous equations depends on several factors, and the preconditioned conjugate gradients method (pcg) is suggested. Finally, the effectiveness and performance of the proposed GPU accelerated disk‐based DDA is further demonstrated by several examples, one of which consisted of over 500,000 particles. The results show that the proposed method can achieve a satisfactory speedup ratio, and is ready for large‐scale problems.
Investigation of urinary disorders, functional independence, and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Türker Arda , Özkeskin Mehmet 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeThe study aimed to investigate the relationship between voiding disorders, functional independence, and quality of life, according to the gross motor function classification system, in children with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 8–17.MethodsA total of 102 individuals (aged 8–17) with CP were included in the study. The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Dysfunctional Voiding and Incontinence Scoring System (DVISS), Wee Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM), and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) were used to evaluate the clinical parameters.ResultsThere is a statistically significant difference in DVISS (p = 0.010), WeeFIM (p = 0.001), and PedsQL (p = 0.001) scores of individuals with CP regarding GMFCS. According to the CP classification, there is a statistically significant difference between WeeFIM (p = 0.001) and PedsQL (p = 0.020) scores. Besides, there is a significant difference between DVISS (p = 0.048), WeeFIM (p = 0.001) and PedsQL (p = 0.001) according to the ambulation status of individuals with CP. On the other hand, there is a positive moderate, statistically significant correlation between WeeFIM and PedsQL scores (ρ = 0.306, r = 0.002). A moderately negative statistically significant relationship exists between PedsQL and DVISS (ρ = −0.266, r = 0.007). A negative, moderate, statistically significant correlation was shown between DVISS and WeeFIM scores (ρ = −0.323, r = 0.001).ConclusionsAs the gross motor functional level of individuals with CP increased, voiding dysfunction increased; on the other hand, functional independence and quality of life decreased.
Curing spurious magneto‐mechanical coupling in soft non‐magnetic materials
Authors: Rambausek Matthias , Schöberl Joachim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe present work is concerned with the issue of spurious coupling effects that are pervasive in fully coupled magneto‐mechanical finite element simulations involving very soft non‐magnetic or air‐like media. We first address the characterization of the spurious magneto‐mechanical effects and their intuitive interpretation based on energy considerations. Then, as main contribution, we propose two new cures for the issue under consideration that completely prune the undesired spurious magneto‐mechanical coupling in non‐magnetic media. The proposed methods are compared with established methods in the context of magnetic bodies embedded in (i) air or vacuum and (ii) very soft elastic non‐magnetic media. The comparison shows that the proposed approaches are accurate and effective. They, furthermore, allow for a consistent linearization of the coupled boundary value problems, which is crucial for the simulation of compliant structures. For reproducibility and accessibility of the proposed methods, we provide our implementations with Netgen/NGSolve as well as all codes necessary for the reproduction of our results as supplementary material.
Subnational government responses to the Covid‐19 pandemic: Expectations, realities and lessons for the future
Authors: Smoke Paul , Tosun Mehmet Serkan , Yilmaz Serdar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough national government and international actor responses to the Covid‐19 pandemic have been very much in the public eye, the subnational government role has received less attention. Certain pandemic impacts were universal, but the mix and relative severity differed across countries, The actions taken had to reflect these variations, as well as to reflect country socio‐economic, fiscal, institutional and political context. Diversity across areas within countries also required differentiated action. This article provides an overview of the potential subnational government role in pandemic response, summarizes what is known about what actually occurred, and raises the prospect that what was learned in the pandemic might help policymakers and managers both to identify ways to better respond in future crises and to create awareness of and opportunities for needed reforms in intergovernmental systems. This background sets the stage for other articles in this issue that focus on selected countries. Their experiences reinforce lessons from global experience and also provide insights from deeper analysis of specific cases.
The phospholipid flippase ATP9A enhances macropinocytosis to promote nutrient starvation tolerance in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xiaoqing , Li Yue , Xiao Yunyun , Huang Xinjian , Wu Xianqiu , Zhao Zhen , Yang Muwen , Kong Lingzhi , Shi Dongni , Chen Xin , Ouyang Ying , Chen Xiangfu , Lin Chuyong , Li Jun , Song Libing , Lin Ye , Guan Jian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMacropinocytosis is an effective strategy to mitigate nutrient starvation. It can fuel cancer cell growth in nutrient‐limited conditions. However, whether and how macropinocytosis contributes to the rapid proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, which frequently experience an inadequate nutrient supply, remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that nutrient starvation strongly induced macropinocytosis in some hepatocellular carcinoma cells. It allowed the cells to acquire extracellular nutrients and supported their energy supply to maintain rapid proliferation. Furthermore, we found that the phospholipid flippase ATP9A was critical for regulating macropinocytosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and that high ATP9A levels predicted a poor outcome for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. ATP9A interacted with ATP6V1A and facilitated its transport to the plasma membrane, which promoted plasma membrane cholesterol accumulation and drove RAC1‐dependent macropinocytosis. Macropinocytosis inhibitors significantly suppressed the energy supply and proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells characterised by high ATP9A expression under nutrient‐limited conditions. These results have revealed a novel mechanism that overcomes nutrient starvation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and have identified the key regulator of macropinocytosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Introduction to interventional radiology's role in palliative care for children with cancer: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper
Authors: Hawkins C. Matthew , Gill Anne E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs palliative care continues to be an area of increasing emphasis in pediatric oncology programs, it is important to raise awareness about minimally invasive, image‐guided procedures that can supplement more conventional palliative interventions, such as systemic analgesics, external beam radiation, and locoregional anesthesia. These procedures, when performed for appropriately selected patients, can often facilitate discharge from an inpatient facility, and help patients meet their end‐of‐life goals. This article specifically discusses three palliative procedures performed by interventional radiologists that can assist pediatric palliative care teams in: (a) percutaneous thermal ablation of painful bone metastases, (b) cryoneurolysis, and (c) tunneled drainage catheter placement for malignant pleural effusions and ascites.