bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rotavirus and bacterial diarrhoea among children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: Burden, risk factors and seasonality
Authors: Omotade Temiloluwa Ifeoluwa , Babalola Toluwani Ebun , Anyabolu Chineme Henry , Japhet Margaret Oluwatoyin 
Published: September 2023

Background
Diarrhoea is a leading cause of death among under-five children globally, with sub-Saharan Africa alone accounting for 1/3 episodes yearly. Viruses, bacteria and parasites may cause diarrhoea. Rotavirus is the most common viral aetiology of diarrhoea in children less than five years globally. In Nigeria, there is scarce data on the prevalence/importance, burden, clinical/risk factors and seasonality of rotavirus and bacteria and this study aims to determine the role of rotavirus and bacteria on diarrhoea cases in children less than five years in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

Methods
Socio-demographic data, environmental/risk factors and diarrhoiec stool samples were collected from children less than five years presenting with acute diarrhoea. Rotavirus was identified using ELISA. Bacteria pathogens were detected using cultural technique and typed using PCR. Diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC) isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Pathogen positive and negative samples were compared in terms of gender, age-group, seasonal distribution, and clinical/risk factors using chi-square with two-tailed significance. SPSS version 20.0.1 for Windows was used for statistical analysis.

Results
At least one pathogen was detected from 63 (60.6%) children having gastroenteritis while 28 (44.4%) had multiple infections. Rotavirus was the most detected pathogen. Prevalence of rotavirus mono-infection was 22%, multiple infection with bacteria was 45%. Mono-infection prevalence of DEC, Shigella spp., and Salmonella spp. were 5.8% (6/104), 5.8% (6/104), and 2.9% (3/104) and co-infection with RVA were 23.1% (24/104), 21.2% (22/104) and 10.6% (11/104) respectively. All rotaviral infections were observed in the dry season. The pathotypes of DEC detected were STEC and EAEC. Parent earnings and mid-upper arm circumference measurement have statistical correlation with diarrhoea (p = 0.034; 0.035 respectively).

Conclusion
In this study, rotavirus was more prevalent than bacteria and occurred only in the dry season. Among bacteria aetiologies, DEC was the most common detected. Differences in seasonal peaks of rotavirus and DEC could be employed in diarrhoea management in Nigeria and other tropical countries to ensure optimal limited resources usage in preventing diarrhoea transmission and reducing indiscriminate use of antibiotics.
Changes in anxiety in the general population over a six-year period
Authors: Hinz Andreas , Esser Peter , Friedrich Michael , Glaesmer Heide , Mehnert-Theuerkauf Anja , Schroeter Matthias L. , Petrowski Katja , Toussaint Anne 
Published: September 2023

Background
Anxiety is a frequent condition in patients and in the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in anxiety over time and to test several psychometric properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) from a longitudinal perspective.

Methods
The GAD-7 was included in an examination with two waves, six years apart. The study sample (n = 5355) was comprised of representatively selected adults from the general population with a mean age of 57.3 (SD = 12.3) years.

Results
During the 6-year time interval, anxiety increased significantly from 3.28 ± 3.16 (t1) to 3.66 ± 3.46 (t2). Confirmatory factor analyses proved the longitudinal measurement invariance of the GAD-7. Reliability of the GAD-7 was established both for the cross-sectional and the longitudinal perspective. The test-retest correlation was r = 0.53, and there were no substantial sex or age differences in these coefficients of temporal stability. The mean changes in anxiety were similar for males and females, and there was no linear age trend in the changes measured by the GAD-7. Changes in anxiety over the 6-year period were correlated with changes in satisfaction with life (r = -0.30), bodily complaints (r = 0.31), and the mental component of quality of life (r = -0.48).

Conclusion
The GAD-7 is a suitable instrument for measuring changes in anxiety. Age and gender have only minor significance when interpreting change scores.
Health and wellbeing among the empty nest and non-empty nest elderly in China—Results from a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Xu Sijie , Yang Xiaocong , Liu Jieyu , Chong Marc Ka-chun , Cheng Yu , Gong Weiwei , Zou Guanyang 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundThe number of empty nest elderly in China has gradually increased in recent years. There is growing concern about the physical and mental health of this population as empty nest elderly are commonly at the risk of compromising health, home safety and quality of life. This study reported the health and well-being of empty nest elderly with regards to their health status, depression and satisfaction, lifestyle as compared to non-empty nest elderly in China.MethodsData was collected from the 2018 follow-up interviews of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey. We included 4,630 empty nest elderly and 6,188 non-empty nest elderly. Chi-square Test and Logistic Regression were used to compare the differences between these two groups.ResultsAs compared to the non-empty nest elderly, there was higher proportion of empty nest elderly who suffered from dyslipidemia, diabetes, chronic lung diseases, heart attack (27.0% vs. 25.0%; 16.6% vs. 15.1%; 19.4% vs. 16.4%; 26.3% vs. 23.4%, P < 0.05). The empty nest elderly had higher proportion of participants who drank more than once a month (25.3% vs. 23.9%, P < 0.05), who felt satisfied with their marriage (71.6% vs. 66.2%, P < 0.001), who were satisfied with their children’s relationship (85.2% vs. 83.2%, P < 0.001). However, these significances disappeared in the Logistic Regression analysis (P > 0.05).ConclusionOur study showed that significant between-group difference was found between empty nest elderly and non-empty nest elderly in their health and wellbeing. However, disappearance of such difference in the multivariable analysis may indicate improved health and wellbeing among the empty nest elderly. Even though our study still suggested the importance of improving the health, lifestyles and family dynamics of the elderly and promoting the integration of health and social care for the elderly, especially among the empty nest elderly.
Impact of mental health stigma on help-seeking in the Caribbean: Systematic review
Authors: Gallimore Jay-Bethenny , Gonzalez Diaz Katya , Gunasinghe Cerisse , Thornicroft Graham , Taylor Salisbury Tatiana , Gronholm Petra C. 
Published: September 2023

Background
Mental health conditions often go untreated, which can lead to long-term poor emotional, social physical health and behavioural outcomes, and in some cases, suicide. Mental health-related stigma is frequently noted as a barrier to help seeking, however no previous systematic review has considered evidence from the Caribbean specifically. This systematic review aimed to address two research questions: (1) What is the impact of mental health stigma on help-seeking in the Caribbean? (2) What factors underlie the relationship between stigma and help-seeking in the Caribbean?

Methods
A systematic search was conducted across six electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Global Health, PsychInfo, Scopus and LILACS). The search included articles published up to May 2022. Experts in the field were consulted to provide publication recommendations and references of included studies were checked. Data synthesis comprised of three components: a narrative synthesis of quantitative findings, a thematic analysis of qualitative findings, and a meta-synthesis combining these results.

Results
The review included nine articles (reflecting eight studies) totaling 1256 participants. A conceptual model was derived from the meta-synthesis, identifying three themes in relation to mental health stigma and help-seeking in the Caribbean: (i) Making sense of mental health conditions’; (ii) Anticipated/Experienced stigma-related experiences and (iii) Individual characteristics.

Conclusion
This review provides insights into the relationship between mental health stigma and help-seeking in the Caribbean based upon the current research evidence. This can be applied in the design of culturally appropriate future research, and to support policy and practice towards stigma reduction, and improved mental care help-seeking in the Caribbean.
Ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2) as a potential sero-diagnostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhou Dandan , Zhai Xiuming , Zhang Ruixue 
Published: September 2023

Objectives
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage using current tumor markers. Here, we aimed to identify potential novel potential biomarkers for NSCLC.

Material/Methods
Four independent datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were analyzed. The relative expression of ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2) mRNA in 30 paired of NSCLC paired tissues was measured by reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Serum levels of cytokeratin fragment 21–1 (CYFRA21-1), pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays, and serum RRM2 levels were evaluated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
The mRNA expression level of RRM2 was significantly increased in most NSCLC lesions compared to para-adjacent tissues. Serum RRM2 levels in NSCLC patients were significantly elevated compared to healthy controls and were also associated with distant metastasis and histological type, but not with tumor size or lymph node metastasis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed a higher diagnostic ratio for NSCLC using RRM2 alone compared to other traditional tumor markers.

Conclusions
RRM2 is a potential sero-diagnostic biomarker for NSCLC.
Best practice guidelines for professional nurses to provide self-management support to adults with tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus coinfection: A scoping review
Authors: Tornu Eric , Jordan Portia , McCaul Michael 
Published: September 2023

Background
Adults with tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus coinfection require professional nurses’ support to manage their illness, treatment and its effect on their daily lives. This scoping review maps recommendations in clinical or best practice guidelines that guide professional nurses to provide self-management support to adults with tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus coinfection in primary healthcare settings.

Methods
We conducted a scoping review by searching for guidelines in six online databases, guideline clearing houses and search engines from 16th April 2022 to 25th May 2022. The title, abstract and full-text screening of guidelines were conducted independently and in duplicate by two reviewers based on predetermined eligibility criteria. The guidelines were critically appraised with the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument. Relevant data regarding the characteristics of the guideline, recommendations and underlying evidence were extracted, analysed and reported.

Results
The six guidelines on self-management support found were developed in four high-income countries. Five of the guidelines recorded <60% across all six domains of the AGREE II instrument. One high-quality guideline scored >60% in all AGREE II domains but was informed by outdated evidence produced between 1977 to 2010. Twenty-five practice, education and organisational/policy recommendations were extracted from the high-quality guideline. The guidelines did not report evidence-to-decision frameworks and the strength of the recommendations. The guidelines also lacked direct underlying evidence on the effectiveness and cost of self-management support. Lastly, the review found a paucity of contextual (equity, acceptability and feasibility) evidence on self-management support among adults with tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus in the guidelines.

Conclusion
There is a dearth of updated and relevant high-quality guidelines that guide healthcare professionals to provide self-management support to adults with tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus coinfection in primary healthcare settings. Systematic reviews of effectiveness, economic and contextual evidence related to self-management support interventions are required for guideline production.
Potensi Pemanfaatan Gelombang Laut Menjadi Tenaga Listrik Dengan Metoda Oscillating Water Column di Pulau Bawean Gresik
Authors: Sidik Mohammad , Sinaga Nazarudin 
Published: September 2023

Pulau Bawean yang terletak di laut jawa yang berjarak 120 km sebelah utara Gresik. Kebutuhan energi listrik di Pulau Bawean diperoleh dari Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Diesel akan tetapi masih ada beberapa desa yang belum dialiri listrik. Keterlambatan suplai bahan bakar solar dikarenakan ombak yang besar juga merupakan permasalahan yang dialami oleh PLTD di Pulau Bawean. Melihat permasalahan tersebut, maka makalah ini akan membahas mengenai analisis dan perhitungan potensi pemanfaatan gelombang laut yang di konversi menjadi energi listrik dengan menggunakan metoda Oscillating Water Column di perairan Pulau Bawean Gresik. Metode ini dipilih karena sudah ada prototype di Pantai Baron yogyakarta dan output ini lebih stabil dan sesuai dengan wilayah perairan Pulau Bawean. Dari hasil perhitungan daya didapatkan daya yang terkecil dihasilkan di bulan April dan Maret sebesar 4,869.91 Watt sementara di bulan Juli-Agustus dan Nopember – Desember sebesar 272,236.17 Watt. PLTGL dengan metoda Oscillating Water Column di perairan Pulau Bawean dapat memberikan kontribusi daya listrik untuk kurang lebih 325 rumah nelayan sederhana pada kondisi pembangkitan maksimum dan efisiensi sebesar 11,971 %.Kata Kunci: Oscillating Water Column (OWC), Potensi Gelombang Laut, Energi Listrik.
Chondroitin sulfate supplementation improves clinical outcomes in a murine model of necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Manohar Krishna , Hosfield Brian D. , Mesfin Fikir M. , Colgate Cameron , Shelley William Christopher , Liu Jianyun , Zeng Lifan , Brokaw John P. , Markel Troy A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) continues to be a devastating disease in preterm neonates and has a paucity of medical management options. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in human breast milk (HM) and has been shown to reduce inflammation. We hypothesized that supplementation with CS in an experimental NEC model would alter microbial diversity, favorably alter the cytokine profile, and (like other sulfur compounds) improve outcomes in experimental NEC via the eNOS pathway. NEC was induced in 5‐day‐old pups. Six groups were studied (n = 9–15/group): (1) WT breastfed and (2) Formula fed controls, (3) WT NEC, (4) WT NEC + CS, (5) eNOS KO (knockout) NEC, and (6) eNOS KO NEC + CS. Pups were monitored for clinical sickness score and weights. On postnatal day 9, the pups were killed. Stool was collected from rectum and microbiome analysis was done with 16 s rRNA sequencing. Intestinal segments were examined histologically using a well‐established injury scoring system and segments were homogenized and analyzed for cytokine profile. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism with p < 0.05 considered significant. CS supplementation in formula improved experimental NEC outcomes when compared to NEC alone. CS supplementation resulted in similar improvement in NEC in both the WT and eNOS KO mice. CS supplementation did not result in microbial changes when compared to NEC alone. Our data suggest that although CS supplementation improved outcomes in NEC, this protection is not conferred via the eNOS pathway or alteration of microbial diversity. CS therapy in NEC does improve the intestinal cytokine profile and further experiments will explore the mechanistic role of CS in altering immune pathways in this disease.
Do teachers’ well-being and resilience predict their Foreign Language Teaching Enjoyment (FLTE)?
Authors: Wei Rining , Yang Xiaoyan , Wang Jing 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study was one (partial) replication of the first study focusing on FL teacher enjoyment with the Foreign Language Teaching Enjoyment (FLTE) Scale. The influence of well-being, resilience, and some selected socio-biographical variables on FLTE was examined with a more refined data analysis approach based on hierarchical regression (i.e., offering a range of effect sizes for each predictor). Results showed that resilience (ΔR
2 = 11.7 %–38.9 %) and well-being (ΔR
2 = 3.6 %–30.9 %) were important factors statistically significantly predicting FLTE for Chinese EFL teachers, whereas length of teaching experience (ΔR
2 = 0.1 %–2.2 %) was not regarded as an important predictor and gender (ΔR
2 = 0.02 %–0.13 %) was deemed unimportant. This replication study has (1) confirmed that well-being and resilience predict FLTE, (2) reaffirmed the value of the above-mentioned more refined approach, and (3) underscored the benefit for including at least one socio-biographical variable together with the researchers’ focal factors as predictors in hierarchical regression, which will provide useful reference for the relative importance of each predictor. Some practical implications are also discussed.
Developing a taxonomy of teacher emotion labor through metaphor: personal, interpersonal, and sociocultural angles
Authors: De Costa Peter I. , Karimpour Sedigheh , Nazari Mostafa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Emotion labor is a multidimensional construct that plays a key role in teachers’ emotional knowledge and emotional development. However, little empirical research has focused on such multidimensionality of emotion labor at personal, institutional, and sociocultural levels. The present study aimed to fill this gap by drawing on metaphors and integrating data from Iranian English language teachers through open-ended questionnaires, narrative frames, and semi-structured interviews. The analyses of the data revealed that the teachers used metaphorical language to display their negative emotions against the relational power that shaped their professional emotions and practices. Moreover, the teachers deployed such metaphors to represent the clashes between external power relations and their internal feelings. Our findings demonstrate the rigor and relevance of metaphor in capturing emotion labor. As a consequence, we present a taxonomy that can serve as a heuristic for institutional stakeholders to engage in closer scrutiny of teachers’ emotion work and the power relations that shape such work.
ESL classroom interactions in a translanguaging space
Authors: Lin Sarah Hui-Ching , Leung Alex Ho-Cheong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
There has been a recent proliferation of studies pertaining to translanguaging. This impetus is largely driven by the increasing acknowledgement of daily communications as translingual practice. In fact, the closely related construct of plurilingualism has been incorporated into the development of the companion volume of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (Council of Europe. 2020. Common European framework of reference for languages: Learning, teaching, assessment – Companion volume. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing. Available at: www.coe.int/lang-cefr). Despite the rising awareness towards translanguaging and plurilingualism in European and Northern American contexts (cf. Vallejo, Claudia & Melinda Dooly. 2020. Plurilingualism and translanguaging: Emergent approaches and shared concerns. Introduction to the special issue. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 23(1). 1–16), scepticism remains, especially in classroom settings. Through detailed analyses of extracts taken from 27 h of recordings of UK university ESL classroom interactions among Taiwanese L1 Mandarin students transcribed based on Jefferson (Jefferson, Gail. 2004. Glossary of transcript symbols with an introduction. In Gene Lerner (ed.), Conversation analysis: Studies from the first generation, 14–31. Philadelphia: John Benjamins) and supplemented by Matsumoto (Matsumoto, Yumi. 2019. Material moments: Teacher and student use of materials in multilingual writing classroom interactions. The Modern Language Journal 103(1). 179–204) and Zhu et al. (Zhu, Hua, Wei Li & Agnieszka Lyons. 2017b. Polish shop(ping) as translanguaging space. Social Semiotics 27(4). 411–433), we aim to demonstrate the complementarity effect of various multimodal resources in progressing classroom instructions. Our analyses reveal that the different linguistic and non-linguistic resources deployed contribute to scaffolding and the development of a layered understanding of the concept in discussion (e.g. phrasal verbs). We argue that the translanguaging space enables students to engage in deeper learning. Students are empowered to break down the rigid power structure and actively participate in knowledge co-construction. We end our paper by calling for research that bridges current understanding of translanguaging and policy and assessment strategies development.
Auf dem Weg in die Postdemokratie
Authors: Crouch Colin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe are on the way to post-democracy – but where are we today? This article discusses the post-democracy thesis against the background of recent social problems such as the Corona pandemic, the rise of right-wing populism and the Russian war of aggression in Ukraine. On the one hand, these problems indicate that Western democracies have taken a further step towards post-democracy. On the other hand, democratic potentials, such as a strengthening civil society and supranational democratic institutions, were also revealed in dealing with these problems. The article argues that in order to counteract post-democratic tendencies, both formal and informal democratic elements need to be strengthened and that it is more necessary than ever to build “bridges” between the two.
Humor as a source for collaborative storytelling: perspectives on dynamic and static stories
Authors: Aerila Juli-Anna , Rönkkö Marja-Leena , Stenius Tuula 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this article, we investigated a creative learning process aimed at a shared story with humor in a group of 7- and 8-year-olds. In this integrated learning process, children first created an individual drawing and a guided writing assignment on a character that would make others laugh and then placed these characters in a story. The stories were collected via collaborative storytelling and the activity was a problem-solving assignment on a humorous children’s book. The data were analyzed via theory-driven content analysis using Kyriakou and Loizou’s categories of flexibility and originality, as well as the theories of empowerment and the absurd. The results showed that the children preferred scatological humor, which evolved from non-flexible humor to flexible and original humor during the process. The shared stories were divided into static and dynamic stories: static stories presented a solution to the problem, but the humor did not evolve during the collaborative storytelling. The dynamic stories concentrated on the process of problem solving and contained versatile, flexible and original features. It seems that the structure of the creative learning process supported participation and sharing individual perceptions of humor. Further, humor created an engaging starting point for the process and underlines the pedagogical possibilities of humor.