bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resurrection’s Racial Politics
Authors: Trigg Christopher 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Focusing on the eighteenth century, chapter 3 addresses the impact of the hardening of racial distinctions on Protestant attitudes toward the salvation and resurrection of Africans. Missionaries typically claimed that the enslaved would be granted spiritual equality in heaven (while insisting that baptism would not alter their socioeconomic status in this world). Yet some Protestant authors implicitly or explicitly suggested that racial differences would continue to matter in the next world. Massachusetts magistrate Samuel Sewall and Connecticut Anglican John Beach doubted that resurrected bodies could be black; Cotton Mather implied that most African converts would continue to occupy a subordinate position in the millennial church. At the end of the 1700s, the first African writers to be published in English, including Phillis Wheatley, Ottobah Cugoano, Ignatius Sancho, and Prince Hall, contested the notion that black bodies would not be welcome in heaven.
Thomas Prince and the Resurrection of the World
Authors: Trigg Christopher 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chapter 4 analyzes the resurrection theology of Boston minister Thomas Prince (1687–1758), an important promoter of the New England revivals of the mid-eighteenth century. Prominent revivalists such as George Whitefield and Gilbert Tennent associated conversion with resurrection so closely that some of their hearers started to think that the faithful could be resurrected in the course of this life. To ward off this error, Prince’s sermons emphasized the relationship between individual resurrection and the total regeneration of the planet he expected to take place at the beginning of the millennium. Although he believed that the British Empire was making the world a more Christian place, Prince wanted Protestants to realize how much their piety and morality were compromised by the environmental effects of the Fall and the Flood and to understand the processes by which the resurrection of their bodies and the remaking of the earth would purify this corruption.
Coda
Authors: Trigg Christopher 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The coda considers the significance of the doctrine of resurrection in contemporary Western society. Theologians associated with Radical Orthodoxy and Christian phenomenology have advocated faith in resurrection as a corrective to modernity’s fear of death and philosophical and commercial materialism. Meanwhile, secular people may find that resurrection is a useful imaginative resource for addressing new developments in the cultures of mortality and memorialization. As advances in neuroscience raise the possibility of uploading human consciousness into digital repositories, resurrection’s emphasis on the universality of death and judgment contrasts starkly with the conferral of artificial immortality on an elite few. In response to climate change, some scholars have argued that the world must be seen from the perspective of deep evolutionary, geological, and ecological time. But the notion that one might return to live on the planet again could prove to be a more tangible imaginative provocation toward ecological responsibility.
Kinds of Ignorance
Authors: Peels Rik 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores kinds of ignorance. First, it lays out what propositional ignorance, objectual ignorance, and practical ignorance amount to. Next, it argues that erotetic ignorance—roughly, not knowing the answer to a question—is a real phenomenon, but that it is reducible to propositional ignorance. Suggestions that ignorance should be understood in terms of lack of understanding or lack of wisdom are also wanting. After that, it suggests that we should distinguish between the nature and the accidental properties of ignorance and that we ought to keep this distinction in the back of our minds in considering conceptions of ignorance in various philosophical debates. Finally, it assesses Nadja El Kassar’s rival conception of ignorance and defends the view that the threefold analysis of ignorance in terms of propositional, objectual, and practical ignorance needs no revisions in light of her alternative analysis.
Richmond City
Authors: McGraw Andrew 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the experience of music (or “noise”) as ethics in terms of Richmond, Virginia’s Black/White racial divide, historically the most salient social divide in the city. Richmond was the capital of the confederacy, and following reconstruction a series of laws were passed to consolidate White power and protect the legacy of the “lost cause.” The methodology for this chapter largely shifts from qualitative ethnography to a more quantitative approach involving the visualization of large data sets and a shift of focus from individuals to institutions. How does access to music making and listening, and the right to make and be free from “noise,” express and reproduce Richmond’s ethical life? Whose sounds are celebrated? Whose sounds are muted? Who has a sonic “right to the city”? These questions concern the intersection of justice, equity, and distribution that has long been a central theme in Western moral theory.
Genealogical and Genetic Ancestry
Authors: Kampourakis Kostas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter begins by defining genealogical ancestry and genetic ancestry, and it explains the differences between the two concepts. Then it explains why DNA ancestry testing cannot provide a complete account of a person’s ancestry. The reason is that as we go back in time, the number of a person’s ancestors doubles in every generation. At the same time, because of the exchange of segments among chromosomes during the phenomenon called crossing over, the portion of DNA that we inherit from each ancestor diminishes across generations. As a result of this, only some of a person’s genealogical ancestors are also that person’s genetic ancestors, which entails that not all of a person’s ancestors will be reflected in their DNA. Finally, the chapter explains that the tests are not really about ancestry, but rather about similarity among DNA sequences inherited from (relatively recent) common ancestors.
Separating DNA from Culture
Authors: Kampourakis Kostas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
After explaining what ancient DNA is and how it is used in the study of ancestry, I focus on two studies claiming to establish the continuity between ancient and modern Greeks. I emphasize that there are two problems with these studies. First, the ancient samples are limited in size and preassigned to categories in a way that leads to a circular argument reaffirming the initial assignment. Second, the cultural designations used do not represent historically distinct human groups, yet they are considered as such. As a result, what was initially an artificial category ends up being naturalized based on ancient DNA analyses. I conclude by suggesting that we need to be aware of the current limitations of the study of ancient DNA before making claims about genetic continuity based on a few samples. Ancient DNA studies have a lot to contribute to our understanding of human ancestry insofar as large samples are studied and scholars from different disciplines work together.
Conclusion
Authors: Kampourakis Kostas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this concluding section, the author summarizes the main points of the book and states which of the general purposes of DNA ancestry tests are achieved and which ones are not. What the tests can do very well is to identify particular individuals to whom a person is genetically related. In contrast, the tests cannot identify geographic areas where a person’s ancestors lived, but only geographic areas where people sharing a common ancestors with that person live today. Finally, the tests can estimate the ancestry proportions of a person only in a probabilistic, and not in any absolute, sense. These indicate the most probable assignement of a person to a reference group, which might change as new data are added. The book concludes with the take-home message that a person’s ethnicity depends on their social life, not their DNA.
The Indian Police
Authors: Mangla Akshay 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Prevention of collective violence between social groups is essential for internal security and a critical task for police agencies. Yet, the challenge of violence prevention is acute, especially in multiethnic polities with weak public institutions. In India, managing collective violence is made more challenging due to resource constraints and political interferences, which can lead to breakdowns of public order. How, under such conditions, do police agencies work to prevent collective violence? Drawing on fieldwork conducted in Madhya Pradesh, Mangla finds that local police agencies have developed organizational repertoires for socially embedded policing, involving intensive planning and coordination between senior-level and frontline officers, along with input from societal groups to prevent conflict. The chapter develops the argument through ethnographic observations of police activities around the twenty-fifth anniversary of the demolition of the Babri Masjid. It then locates socially embedded policing within the broader institutional capabilities and constraints of India’s state police forces. While a militaristic and stratified hierarchy enables police agencies to coordinate activities on a large scale, it limits information-sharing by frontline officers. A severe shortage of personnel, along with biases in police training, makes it difficult to institutionalize socially embedded policing practices. Consequently, police agencies are more likely to be overwhelmed or resort to heavy-handed physical tactics during public order situations. The chapter concludes with reflections for future research on policing and internal security.
India’s Intelligence in Internal Security
Authors: Datta Saikat 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Intelligence has always been recognized as one of the key pillars of successful governance. The efficacy of intelligence in managing India’s internal security challenges remain debatable. Part of its inadequacies remains in India’s colonial past that birthed the Intelligence Bureau (IB). After India gained independence, the IB emerged as the preeminent organization for India’s internal security, far outgrowing its role for generating intelligence to carrying out a plethora of functions. Intelligence in the state police forces had a similar trajectory into evolving as organizations with multiple tasks aimed at political stability for the government and managing internal security challenges. But this dual tasking of intelligence as a tool of statecraft has not produced any spectacular success for internal security. The causes for the systemic failures and lack of success are discussed at length in this chapter.
m6A mRNA modification promotes chilling tolerance and modulates gene translation efficiency in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Shuai , Wang Haiyan , Xu Zhihui , Jiang Shasha , Shi Yucheng , Xie Hairong , Wang Shu , Hua Jian , Wu Yufeng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
N 6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent mRNA modification in eukaryotes, is an emerging player of gene regulation at transcriptional and translational levels. Here, we explored the role of m6A modification in response to low temperature in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Knocking down mRNA adenosine methylase A (MTA), a key component of the modification complex, by RNA interference (RNAi) led to drastically reduced growth at low temperature, indicating a critical role of m6A modification in the chilling response. Cold treatment reduced the overall m6A modification level of mRNAs especially at the 3′ untranslated region. Joint analysis of the m6A methylome, transcriptome and translatome of the wild type (WT) and the MTA RNAi line revealed that m6A-containing mRNAs generally had higher abundance and translation efficiency than non-m6A-containing mRNAs under normal and low temperatures. In addition, reduction of m6A modification by MTA RNAi only moderately altered the gene expression response to low temperature but led to dysregulation of translation efficiencies of one third of the genes of the genome in response to cold. We tested the function of the m6A-modified cold-responsive gene ACYL-COA:DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE 1 (DGAT1) whose translation efficiency but not transcript level was reduced in the chilling-susceptible MTA RNAi plant. The dgat1 loss-of-function mutant exhibited reduced growth under cold stress. These results reveal a critical role of m6A modification in regulating growth under low temperature and suggest an involvement of translational control in chilling responses in Arabidopsis.
Safety and efficacy associated with long-term low-dose glucocorticoids in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Palmowski Andriko , Nielsen Sabrina M , Boyadzhieva Zhivana , Schneider Abelina , Pankow Anne , Hartman Linda , Da Silva José A P , Kirwan John , Wassenberg Siegfried , Dejaco Christian , Christensen Robin , Boers Maarten , Buttgereit Frank 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of long-term low-dose glucocorticoids (GCs) in RA.

Methods
A protocolised systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO No. CRD42021252528) of double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trials (RCTs) comparing a low dose of GCs (≤ 7.5mg/day prednisone) to placebo over at least 2 years was performed. The primary outcome investigated was adverse events (AEs). We performed random-effects meta-analyses and used the Cochrane RoB tool and GRADE to assess risk of bias and quality of evidence (QoE).

Results
Six trials with 1078 participants were included. There was no evidence of an increased risk of AEs (incidence rate ratio 1.08; 95% CI 0.86, 1.34; P = 0.52); however, the QoE was low. The risks of death, serious AEs, withdrawals due to AEs, and AEs of special interest did not differ from placebo (very low to moderate QoE). Infections occurred more frequently with GCs (risk ratio 1.4; 1.19–1.65; moderate QoE). Concerning benefit, we found moderate to high quality evidence of improvement in disease activity (DAS28: −0.23; −0.43 to −0.03), function (HAQ −0.09; −0.18 to 0.00), and Larsen scores (–4.61; −7.52 to −1.69). In other efficacy outcomes, including Sharp van der Heijde scores, there was no evidence of benefits with GCs.

Conclusion
There is very low to moderate QoE for no harm with long-term low dose GCs in RA, except for an increased risk of infections in GC users. The benefit-risk ratio might be reasonable forusing low-dose long-term GCs considering the moderate to high quality evidence for disease-modifying properties.
Should Acellular Dermal Matrices Be Used for Implant-based Breast Reconstruction after Mastectomy? Clinical Recommendation Based on the GRADE Approach
Authors: Cinquini Michela , Rocco Nicola , Catanuto Giuseppe , Garreffa Emanuele , Ferrando Pietro Maria , Gonzalez-Lorenzo Marien , Maglia Anna , Montagna Giacomo , Villanucci Amedeo , Visintini Cividin Valentina , Nava Maurizio Bruno ,   GRADE MBN 2021 Collaborative Group
Published: February 2023

Background:
Acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) entered the market in the early 2000s and their use has increased thereafter. Several retrospective cohort studies and single surgeon series reported benefits with the use of ADMs. However, robust evidence supporting these advantages is lacking. There is the need to define the role for ADMs in implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) after mastectomy.

Methods:
A panel of world-renowned breast specialists was convened to evaluate evidence, express personal viewpoints, and establish recommendation for the use of ADMs for subpectoral one-/two-stage IBBR (compared with no ADM use) for adult women undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer treatment or risk reduction using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Results:
Based on the voting outcome, the following recommendation emerged as a consensus statement: the panel members suggest subpectoral one- or two-stage IBBR either with ADMs or without ADMs for adult women undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer treatment or risk reduction (with very low certainty of evidence).

Conclusions:
The systematic review has revealed a very low certainty of evidence for most of the important outcomes in ADM-assisted IBBR and the absence of standard tools for evaluating clinical outcomes. Forty-five percent of panel members expressed a conditional recommendation either in favor of or against the use of ADMs in subpectoral one- or two-stages IBBR for adult women undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer treatment or risk reduction. Future subgroup analyses could help identify relevant clinical and pathological factors to select patients for whom one technique could be preferable to another.
Patient Satisfaction, Visual Outcomes, and Regression Analysis in Post-LASIK Patients Implanted With Multifocal, EDOF, or Monofocal IOLs
Authors: Bucci Frank A. 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
To compare and contrast functional visual outcomes and levels of patient satisfaction in post–laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) cataract patients with multifocal, extended depth of focus (EDOF), or monofocal intraocular lens (IOLs).

Methods:
Three cohorts of post-LASIK eyes with multifocal, EDOF, or monofocal IOLs were evaluated. Objective preoperative and postoperative clinical metrics, including higher-order aberration, contrast sensitivity, and visual acuities, plus subjective responses to a questionnaire about satisfaction, spectacle use, and ability to perform tasks were compared. Variables were regressed against “overall patient satisfaction” to identify predictors of satisfaction.

Results:
Ninety-seven percent of patients were “very satisfied” or “satisfied.” “Very satisfied” was significantly greater in multifocal (86.8%, 33 of 38) and EDOF (72.7%, 8 of 11) vs. monofocal (33.3%, 6 of 18) IOLs. However, EDOF IOLs outperformed monofocal IOLs for intermediate (P=0.04). Contrast sensitivity was significantly worse at distance for multifocal vs. both EDOF (P=0.05) and monofocal (P=0.005) IOLs. Regression revealed that greater patient satisfaction in multifocal was explained by near visual function variables, including UNVA (P=0.001) and UIVA (P=0.04), reading acuity (P=0.014), reading speed (P=0.05), spectacle use at near (P=0.0014), and ability to read moderate print (P=0.002).

Conclusions:
Multifocals achieved high satisfaction levels in post-LASIK patients despite higher-order aberrations and lower contrast sensitivity scores; regression revealed that uncorrected near visual function variables explained high levels of satisfaction; dysphotopsias did not contribute significantly to scores for satisfaction; multifocal IOLs are a viable choice for cataract patients who have previously undergone LASIK.
Collapsing glomerulopathy: unraveling varied pathogeneses
Authors: Smith Kelly D. , Akilesh Shreeram 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
Collapsing glomerulopathy presents clinically with nephrotic syndrome and rapid progressive loss of kidney function. Animal models and patient studies have uncovered numerous clinical and genetic conditions associated with collapsing glomerulopathy, as well as putative mechanisms, which will be reviewed here.

Recent findings
Collapsing glomerulopathy is classified pathologically as a variant of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). As such, most research efforts have focused on the causative role of podocyte injury in driving the disease. However, studies have also shown that injury to the glomerular endothelium or interruption of the podocyte–glomerular endothelial cell signaling axis can also cause collapsing glomerulopathy. Furthermore, emerging technologies are now enabling exploration of diverse molecular pathways that can precipitate collapsing glomerulopathy using biopsies from patients with the disease.

Summary
Since its original description in the 1980s, collapsing glomerulopathy has been the subject of intense study, and these efforts have uncovered numerous insights into potential disease mechanisms. Newer technologies will enable profiling of the intra-patient and inter-patient variability in collapsing glomerulopathy mechanisms directly in patient biopsies, which will improve the diagnosis and classification of collapsing glomerulopathy.
Aggressive High-grade Uterine Sarcoma Harboring MEIS1-NCOA2 Fusion and Amplification of Multiple 12q13-15 Genes: A Case Report With Morphologic, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Analysis
Authors: Niu Shuang , Rivera-Colon Glorimar , Lucas Elena 
Published: February 2023

MEIS1-NCOA1/2 fusions are recently described gene rearrangements found in rare sarcomas, mainly involving the genitourinary and gynecologic tracts, with 3 cases reported in the uterine corpus. Although local recurrence was very common, no death has been reported, and some investigators consider these sarcomas low grade. Amplification of genes located at the 12q13-15 locus, especially MDM2, is the hallmark genetic abnormality in well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the soft tissue. Some uterine tumors have also been reported to harbor MDM2 amplification, including a proportion of Müllerian adenosarcomas, BCOR fusion-positive high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma, BCORL1-altered high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma, rare JAZF1 fusion-positive low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma, rare undifferentiated uterine sarcoma, and a single case of MEIS1-NCOA2 fusion sarcoma. Here, we report a case of high-grade MEIS1-NCOA2 fusion uterine sarcoma which also harbored amplification of multiple 12q13-15 genes, including MDM2, CDK4, MDM4, and FRS2, that exhibited aggressive clinical course leading to patient’s death within 2 yr of the initial diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of fatal MEIS1-NCOA2 fusion uterine sarcoma, and the second case of MEIS1-NCOA2 fusion uterine sarcoma that also harbors MDM2 amplification.
Mesonephric Adenomyofibroma: A Biphasic Vaginal Mass of Mesonephric Type With Molecular Analysis: A Case Report of a Rare Entity
Authors: Shahi Maryam , Palsgrove Doreen N. , Ronnett Brigitte M. , Lin Jeffrey , Murdock Tricia A. 
Published: February 2023

Mesonephric neoplasms of the lower female genital tract are rare. To date, there are scarce reports of benign biphasic vaginal mesonephric lesions, and none have included immunohistochemical and/or molecular analysis. A biphasic neoplasm of mesonephric-type was incidentally identified in the vaginal submucosal tissue of a 55-yr-old woman who underwent a right salpingo-oophorectomy for an ovarian cyst. The well-circumscribed, 5 mm nodule exhibited white-tan, firm homogenous cut surfaces. Microscopic examination showed a lobular arrangement of glands with columnar to the cuboidal epithelium and intraluminal eosinophilic secretions, embedded within a myofibromatous stroma. Cytologic atypia and mitotic activity were absent. Immunohistochemical staining for PAX8 and GATA3 demonstrated diffuse expression in the glandular epithelium, CD10 exhibited a patchy luminal expression pattern, while TTF1, ER, PR, p16, and NKX3.1 were negative. Desmin highlighted a subset of the stromal cells, but myogenin was negative. Whole exome sequencing demonstrated variants of unknown significance in multiple genes including PIK3R1 and NFIA. The morphologic and immunohistochemical profiles are consistent with a benign mesonephric neoplasm. This is the first report describing the immunohistochemical and whole exome sequencing results for a benign biphasic vaginal mesonephric neoplasm. To the best of our knowledge, benign mesonephric adenomyofibroma has not been previously reported in this anatomic location.