bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Renal Replacement after Trauma Scoring Tool
Authors: Santos Jeffrey , Grigorian Areg , Kuza Catherine , Emigh Brent , Jeng James , Qazi Alliya , Nguyen Ninh T. , Nahmias Jeffry 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Stress on the healthcare system requires careful allocation of resources such as renal replacement therapy (RRT). The COVID-19 pandemic generated difficulty securing access to RRT for trauma patients. We sought to develop a renal replacement after trauma (RAT) scoring tool to help identify trauma patients who may require RRT during their hospitalization.

Study Design:
The 2017-2020 Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) database was divided into a derivation (2017-2018 data) and validation (2019-2020 data) set. A three-step methodology was used. Adult trauma patients admitted from the emergency department (ED) to the operating room or intensive care unit were included. Patients with chronic kidney disease, transfers from another hospital, and ED deaths were excluded. Multiple logistic regression models were created to determine the risk for RRT in trauma patients. The weighted average and relative impact of each independent predictor was used to derive a RAT score, which was validated using area under receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC).

RESULTS:
From 398,873 patients in the derivation and 409,037 patients in the validation set, 11 independent predictors of RRT were included in the RAT score derived with scores ranging from 0-11. The AUROC for the derivation set was 0.85. The rate of RRT increased to 1.1%, 3.3%, and 20% at scores of 6, 8, and 10, respectively. The validation set AUROC was 0.83.

CONCLUSION:
RAT is a novel and validated scoring tool to help predict the need for RRT in trauma patients. With future improvements including baseline renal function and other variables, the RAT tool may help prepare for the allocation of RRT machines/staff during times of limited resources.
Marangoni-driven nonlinear dynamics of bimolecular frontal systems: a general classification for equal diffusion coefficients
Authors: Tiani R. , Rongy L. 
Published: February 2023

When bimolecular fronts form in solutions, their dynamics is likely to be affected by chemically driven convection such as buoyancy- and Marangoni-driven flows. It is known that front dynamics in the presence of buoyancy-driven convection can be predicted solely on the basis of the one-dimensional reaction–diffusion concentration profiles but that those predictions fail for Marangoni-driven convection. With a two-dimensional reaction–diffusion–Marangoni convection model, we analyze here convective effects on the time scalings of the front properties, together with the influence of reaction reversibility and of the ratio of initial reactants’ concentrations on the front dynamics. The effect of buoyancy forces is here neglected by assuming the reactive system to be in zero-gravity condition and/or the solution density to be spatially homogenous.
This article is part of the theme issue ’New trends in pattern formation and nonlinear dynamics of extended systems’.
Dynamics of liquids with high viscosity contrast in unevenly rotating Hele-Shaw cell
Authors: Kozlov Viktor , Petukhova Marina , Kozlov Nikolai 
Published: February 2023

The paper is devoted to the experimental study of the dynamics of an interface between two liquids with high viscosity contrast filling a vertical, circular narrow gap rotating about a horizontal axis at a speed modulated by librations. The equilibrium shape and stability of the interphase boundary are considered. In the absence of librations, under the action of the centrifugal force the boundary has an axisymmetric shape. At librations, at certain frequency ratios, the interface loses its axisymmetric position: in the cavity reference frame, it is displaced in the radial direction. It is theoretically shown that the discovered phenomenon is explained by the average action of gravity; the results of experiments and theory are consistent. The experiments reveal that with an increase in the modulation amplitude the circular interface loses stability in a threshold manner: an azimuthally periodic relief, quasi-stationary in the cavity frame, emerges. This is associated with the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability due to tangential oscillations of the less viscous liquid near the interface. A dimensionless parameter that determines the stability of the interface is obtained in the limit of high dimensionless libration frequency. The stability threshold increases with the decrease in the dimensionless frequency.
This article is part of the theme issue 'New trends in pattern formation and nonlinear dynamics of extended systems'.
Physical model and numerical simulation of high-temperature silicification of carbon composite material
Authors: Ageeva Maria , Demin Vitaly A. 
Published: February 2023

A mathematical model is developed to describe the process of high-temperature silicification of a carbon porous material. The cause of pores blockage is the condensation of gaseous silicon at the inner walls of tubules. Phenomenological temperature dependences for the coefficients of condensation and evaporation are proposed, which determine the intensity of the siliconizing process. It is assumed that the diffusion of the silicon vapour is the main mechanism of the material open pores filling. Numerical modelling is carried out by the finite difference method using an explicit scheme in the case of a constant value of the mobile concentration at the input and for different variants of boundary conditions on temperature. These temperature distributions on boundaries make it possible to describe siliconized regions and to delimit from them the sample parts that remain ‘dry’ during the silicification process. The dynamics of main physical quantities change, i.e. porosity of the composite material and concentration of the immobile component in the volume, are analysed. The results of numerical simulation for the time of full silicification and the weight gain of the product are in qualitative and quantitative agreement with all known experimental data.
This article is part of the theme issue 'New trends in pattern formation and nonlinear dynamics of extended systems'.
Stochastic parametric excitation of convective heat transfer
Authors: Permyakova Evelina V. , Goldobin Denis S. 
Published: February 2023

We study the parametric excitation of the free thermal convection in a horizontal layer and a rectangular cell by random vertical vibrations. The mathematical formulation we use allows one to explore the cases of heating from below and above and the low-gravity conditions. The excitation threshold of the second moments of the current velocity and the temperature perturbations are derived. The heat flux through the system quantified by the Nusselt number is reported to be related to the second moment of temperature perturbations; therefore, the threshold of the stochastic excitation of second moments gives the threshold for the excitation of the convective heat transfer. Comparison of the stochastic parametric excitation with the effect of high-frequency periodic modulation reveals dramatic dissimilarity between the two.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘New trends in pattern formation and nonlinear dynamics of extended systems’.
Dynamics of a bubble in oscillating viscous liquid
Authors: Lyubimova T. P. , Fomicheva A. A. , Ivantsov A. O. 
Published: February 2023

This article is devoted to the investigation of gaseous bubble dynamics in oscillating viscous liquids of different density values. The study is conducted numerically using the level-set method with a non-stationary approach. The bubble is initially located near the upper wall of the container. The effects of the inclusion and host liquid viscosities on interaction of the bubble with the wall are analysed. The calculations show that in the absence of gravity, for low-viscosity fluids the bubble is attracted to the nearest wall, which is consistent with previous analytical and experimental results. With increasing viscosity, the vibrational attraction to the wall becomes weaker and is then replaced by repulsion, which can be explained by the decelerative effect of viscosity in the boundary layer near the rigid surface, where the average flow becomes less intensive. The dependencies of the repulsion force on the parameter values are obtained by using the balance method (investigation of the gravity level needed to attain the quasi-equilibrium state at a certain distance between the bubble and the wall). The calculations show that the repulsion force grows with decreasing Reynolds number (increase of the viscosity).
This article is part of the theme issue ‘New trends in pattern formation and nonlinear dynamics of extended systems’.
Liquid/liquid displacement in a vibrating capillary
Authors: Vorobev Anatoliy , Prokopev Sergei , Lyubimova Tatyana 
Published: February 2023

Mechanical vibrations can alter static and dynamic distributions of fluids in porous matrices. A popular theory that explains non-destructive changes in fluids percolation induced by vibrations involves elasticity of a solid matrix and compressibility of fluids. Owing to strong damping, elastic and acoustic deformations always remain bounded to narrow zones (a few centimetres) near the source of vibrations. However, field trials prove the existence of the effects that are induced by vibrations in geological reservoirs on a longer scale (100 m). In this study, we develop a non-elastic theory, assessing the time-averaged effects induced by small-amplitude high-frequency vibrations. We examine the immiscible liquid/liquid displacement flows in a capillary (which is a building element of a porous matrix) subjected to translational vibrations. We find that strong-enough vibrations alter the shapes of menisci and change the rates of displacement flows. We find that vibrations slow down or even stop the displacement flows (which is contrary to a common expectation that vibrations help to release fluids from a porous matrix).
This article is part of the theme issue ‘New trends in pattern formation and nonlinear dynamics of extended systems’.
Competing particle attractee in liquid bridges
Authors: Parker Robert , Capobianchi Paolo , Lappa Marcello 
Published: February 2023

Assuming the so-called particle accumulation structures (PAS) in liquid bridges as archetypal systems for the investigation of particle self-assembly phenomena in laminar time-periodic flows, an attempt is made here to disentangle the complex hierarchy of relationships existing between the multiplicity of the loci of aggregation (streamtubes which coexist in the physical space as competing attractee) and the particle structures effectively showing up. While the former depends on purely topological (fluid-dynamic) arguments, the influential factors driving the outcomes of the fluid–particle interaction seem to obey a much more complex logic, which makes the arrangement of particles different from realization to realization. Through numerical solution of the governing Eulerian and Lagrangian equations for liquid and mass transport, we show that for a fixed aspect ratio of the liquid bridge, particles can be gradually transferred from one streamtube to another as the Stokes number and/or the Marangoni number are varied. Moreover, ranges exist where these attractors compete resulting in overlapping or intertwined particle structures, some of which, characterized by a strong degree of asymmetry, have never been reported before.
This article is part of the theme issue 'New trends in pattern formation and nonlinear dynamics of extended systems'.
Ultrasonographic Splenic Indices Among Paediatric and Adults with Sickle Cell Disease in Nigeria
Authors: Ladu Adama I , Jeffery Caroline , Farate Abubakar , Farouk Abubakar G , Abulfathi Fatima M , Adekile Adekunle , Bates Imelda 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundUltrasonography is an established and reliable method for assessing the spleen. Because of variation due to genetic and other environmental factors including malaria endemicity, interpretation of splenic sizes requires a knowledge of the normal reference range for a given population. The aim of this study was to determine spleen size in different age groups among healthy people in North-Eastern Nigeria and use this as a reference to determine spleen size amongst sickle cell disease (SCD) patients.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional study design, spleen size was measured in healthy people of different age groups, and steady-state SCD patients (children and adults) using abdominal ultrasonography. Using the age-group specific reference values obtained from the controls, spleens were classified into small, normal size, or enlarged among the SCD patients.ResultsAbdominal ultrasonography was performed for 313 participants, comprising 109 (34.8%) healthy controls and 204 (65.2%) steady-state SCD patients. The spleen was visualized in all the controls. However, 97(47.6%) of the SCD patients had no visible spleen. Small, normal, and enlarged spleens were observed in 16.7% (n=18/107), 63.6% (n=68/107) and 19.6% (n=21/107) SCD patients, respectively. Compared to the control group, splenic length was three-fold higher in the first two years of life in SCD patients, followed by a progressive age-related decline in size. Enlarged spleens were detected among 5(2.4%) SCD patients by manual palpation method compared to 21 (19.6%) using ultrasonography.ConclusionModel-based age-specific reference ranges and percentile curves for splenic dimensions based on ultrasonography among normal controls in North-Eastern Nigeria were established and may be of value in assessing spleen sizes among SCD patients living in malaria-endemic regions of Africa. Regular spleen scans to assess changes in size can help identify SCD patients at risk of splenomegaly complications including subclinical acute sequestration and hypersplenism, and those who are developing splenic atrophy.
Trends in Prevalence, Risk-Factors Controls and Medications in ASCVD Among US Adults, 1999-2018
Authors: Zhang Xiaowen , Chen Jianzhou , Chen Zheng , Han Chen , Kang Lina , Wang Lian , Wang Kun , Xu Wei , Xu Biao , Zhang Xinlin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize trends in prevalence of ASCVD, risk-factor control and medication use among adults with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), with frequent update of relevant guidelines.Patients and MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from 55,081 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 1999-2018.ResultsThe age-standardized prevalence of ASCVD did not change significantly from 1999-2002 (7.9%, CI 7.1%-8.7%) to 2015-2018 (7.5%, CI 6.8%-8.3%) (Pfor trend =0.18). Over 60.0% ASCVD participants had very-high risk. The percentage with blood-pressure control (<130/80 mmHg) increased from 51.2% (CI, 41.0%-61.3%) in 1999-2002 to 57.2% (CI, 48.4%-65.6%) in 2011-2014, but then declined to 52.8% (CI, 44.4%-81.3%) in 2015-2018. From 1999-2002 to 2015-2018, the percentage with lipid control (non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL) increased from 7.0% (CI, 3.5%-12.3%) to 26.4% (CI, 16.2%-38.9%), and with glycemic control (HbA1c <7.0%) decreased from 95.0% (CI, 90.2%-97.9%) to 84.0% (CI, 75.9%-90.3%). The percentage who achieved all 3 targets was 18.6% (CI, 8.2%-33.8%) in 2015-2018. After 2014, the percentages with blood-pressure, lipid, and glycemic control decreased in very-high-risk ASCVD, but increased in not-very-high-risk ASCVD. The percentage of ASCVD participants who used statins increased from 1999-2002 to 2011-2014, but then leveled off. The percentage who used blood-pressure-lowering drugs remained largely constant, and who used glucose-lowering drugs increased.ConclusionsThe prevalence of ASCVD generally remained stable, with over 60.0% had very-high risk. Blood-pressure, lipid, and glycemic control decreased in very-high-risk ASCVD but increased in not-very-high-risk ASCVD after 2014.
Modulation of proximity to criticality enhances slow activity fluctuations during free recall
Authors: Yellin D. , Siegel N. , Malach R. , Shriki O. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCategorically bounded free recall allows generating perceptual and cognitive contents within specific categories while avoiding unrelated intrusions. Previous research suggested that this is implemented via amplification of ultra-slow spontaneous activity fluctuations, initiating a spontaneous recall event. However, the underlying amplification mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate, using a simulation of a simple random recurrent neuronal network operating near a critical point, that such selective amplification can be generated by a small shift towards this critical point, resulting in a dynamical phenomenon termed “critical slowing down”. By fitting physiological parameters and applying stochastic white noise input, we simulated ultra-slow fluctuations observed during rest and categorically bounded visual recall in the human cortex. Our findings suggest that modulation of spontaneous fluctuations linked to free recall can be explained by a stochastically driven recurrent network near a critical point, providing insight into the rapid and flexible formation of categorical boundaries in human cognition.
Crop microbiome responses to pathogen colonisation regulate the host plant defence
Authors: Liu Hongwei , Wang Juntao , Delgado-Baquerizo Manuel , Zhang Haiyang , Li Jiayu , Singh Brajesh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsSoil-borne pathogens severely damage the yield and quality of crops worldwide. Plant and soil microbiomes (e.g. in the rhizosphere) intimately interact with the plant, the pathogen and influence outcomes of disease infection. Investigation of how these microbiomes respond to disease infection is critical to develop solutions to control diseases.MethodsHere, we conducted a field experiment and collected healthy and crown rot disease infected (caused byFusarium pseudograminearum,Fp) wheat plants. We investigated their microbiomes in different compartments, plant immune responses and interactions with the pathogen (Fp) aiming at advancing our knowledge on microbiome-mediated regulation of plant responses to pathogens.ResultsWe found thatFpcolonised wheat plants in significant loads, accounting for 11.3% and 60.7% of the fungal communities in the rhizosphere and root endosphere, respectively. However,Fppresented with a small fraction of the leaf microbiome, up to 1.2%. Furthermore,Fp-infection led to significant changes in the composition of the microbial communities in the rhizosphere and root endosphere while had little impact on leaves. We further found that wheat defence signalling pathways, wheat microbiomes and the pathogen intimately correlated with each other in structural equation modelling. As such, we also identified ecological clusters explained changes in the wheat defence signalling pathways. Lastly, microbial co-occurrence network complexity was higher inFp-infected plants relative to healthy plants, suggesting thatFp-infection has potentially induced more microbial interactions in plants.ConclusionsWe provide novel evidence that soil-borne diseases significantly disrupt belowground plant microbiomes influencing the responses of plant immunity to pathogens.
Volume loss and recovery in bovine knee meniscus loaded in circumferential tension
Authors: Peloquin John M. , Santare Michael H. , Elliott Dawn M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLoad-induced volume change is an important aspect of knee meniscus function because volume loss creates fluid pressure, which minimizes friction and helps support compressive loads. The knee meniscus is unusual amongst cartilaginous tissues in that it is loaded not only in axial compression, but also in circumferential tension between its tibial attachments. Despite the physiologic importance of the knee meniscus’ tensile properties, its volumetric strain in tension has never been directly measured, and predictions of volume strain in the scientific literature are inconsistent. In this study, we apply uniaxial tension to bovine knee meniscus and use biplanar imaging to directly observe the resulting 3D volume change and unloaded recovery, revealing that tension causes volumetric contraction. Compression is already known to also cause contraction; therefore, all major physiologic loads compress and pressurize the meniscus, inducing fluid outflow. Although passive unloaded recovery is often described as slow relative to loaded loss, here we show that at physiologic strains the volume recovery rate in the meniscus upon unloading is faster than the rate of volume loss. These measurements of volumetric strain are an important step towards a complete theory of knee meniscus fluid flow and load support.
Architectural experience influences the processing of others’ body expressions
Authors: Presti Paolo , Galasso Gaia Maria , Ruzzon Davide , Avanzini Pietro , Caruana Fausto , Rizzolatti Giacomo , Vecchiato Giovanni 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe interplay between space and cognition is a crucial issue in Neuroscience leading to the development of multiple research fields. However, the relationship between architectural space, the movement of the inhabitants and their interactions has been too often neglected, failing to provide a unifying view of architecture’s capacity to modulate social cognition broadly.We bridge this gap by requesting participants to judge avatars’ emotional expression (high vs. low arousal) at the end of their promenade inside high- or low-arousing architectures. Stimuli were presented in virtual reality to ensure a dynamic, naturalistic experience. High-density EEG was recorded to assess the neural responses to the avatar’s presentation.Observing highly aroused avatars increased Late Positive Potentials (LPP), in line with previous evidence. Strikingly, 250 ms before the occurrence of the LPP, P200 amplitude increased due to the experience of low-arousing architectures paralleling increased subjective arousal reports and fixation times on the avatar’s head. Source localization highlighted a contribution of the right dorsal premotor cortex to both P200 and LPP.In conclusion, the immersive and dynamic architectural experience modulates human social cognition. In addition, the motor system plays a role in processing architecture and body expressions proving how the space and social cognition interplay is rooted in common neural substrates. This study demonstrates that the manipulation of mere architectural space is sufficient to influence human behavior in social interactions.Significance StatementIn the last thirty years the motor system has been recognized as a fundamental neural machinery for spatial and social cognition, making worthwhile the investigation of the interplay between architecture and social behavior. Here, we show that the motor system participates in the others’ body expression processing in two stages: the earliest influenced by the dynamic architectural experience, the latter modulated by the actual physical characteristics. These findings highlight the existence of motor neural substrates common to spatial and social cognition, with the architectural space exerting an early and possibly adapting effect on the later social experience. Since mere architectural forms influence human behavior, a proper spatial design could thus facilitate everyday social interactions.