bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine‐Tuning Blue‐Emitting Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Martin Stefan , Henke Nina A. , Lampe Carola , Döblinger Markus , Frank Kilian , Ganswindt Patrick , Nickel Bert , Urban Alexander S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) with narrow, bright emission in the visible range are promising candidates for light‐emitting applications. Near‐unity quantum yields have been realized for green and red‐emitting perovskites, but efficient, stable blue‐emitting perovskite materials are scarce. Current methods to synthesize quantum‐confined CsPbBr3 NCs with blue emission are limited to specific wavelength ranges and still suffer from inhomogeneously broadened emission profiles. Herein, anisotropic blue‐green emitting CsPbBr3 NCs are synthesized in ambient atmosphere using a spontaneous crystallization method. Optical spectroscopy reveals a gradual, asymptotic photoluminescence (PL) redshift of pristine colloidal NCs after synthesis. During this process, the emission quality improves notably as the PL spectra become narrower and more symmetric, accompanied by a PL intensity increase. Electron microscopy indicates that the gradual redshift stems from an isotropic growth of the CsPbBr3 NCs in at least two dimensions, likely due to residual precursor ions in the dispersion. Most importantly, the growth process can be halted at any point by injecting an enhancement solution containing PbBr2 and organic capping ligands. Thus, excellent control over NC size is achieved, allowing for nanometer‐precise tunability of the respective emission wavelength in the range between 475 and 500 nm, enhancing the functionality of these already impressive NCs.
Magnitude‐Controlled Phase Based on Euler's Formula
Authors: Sun Zhiwei , Sima Boyu , Xu Ruolei , He Bo , Cao Hailin , Zhao Junming , Feng Yijun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhase manipulation plays a fundamental role in electromagnetic (EM) and optics research, i.e., the wavefront shaping depends heavily on phase modulation. However, the previous phase manipulation methods are limited to phase‐angle dimensionality, and the magnitude and phase are generally deemed as two distinct characters that should be controlled separately. Herein, a phase manipulation method in which phase is modulated by magnitude is proposed that follows an EM expression of Euler's formula. A rotation phase of linearly‐polarized waves is presented. Using this method, several unique applications in this research are demonstrated. First, a Hall effect of non‐angular‐momentum waves is obtained; second, an interdigital topology model with a unique topological‐charge control strategy is presented; and finally, the method is applied to holographic imaging, of which information of the hologram is recorded as a distribution of magnitude. Furthermore, as this method is applicable to all forms of harmonic waves, it can be potentially applied to other areas of wave phenomena such as acoustics and mechanics.
Fossil evidence for sporeling development of a Mesozoic osmundaceous fern
Authors: Walker Zane , Rothwell Gar W. , Stockey Ruth A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPremiseAn anatomically preserved fossil fern sporeling has been discovered in a Lower Cretaceous marine concretion from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, providing an opportunity to characterize rhizome growth from an extinct species.MethodsThe specimen was studied from serial transverse sections prepared by the cellulose acetate peel technique.ResultsThe rhizome ranges from ~0.7 to 1.1 mm in diameter, has a sclerenchymatous pith, a stele that attains a dictyoxylic architecture, and sclerenchymatous outer cortex, features that are characteristic of osmundaceous rhizomes. Cauline xylem forms a medullated protostele or solenostele at some levels, but is dissected into discrete xylem bundles at others. Fronds diverge in a helical phyllotaxis, range up to 1.1 mm in greatest dimension, and have a C‐shaped trace and outer cortex of sclerotic cells. Inside the sclerenchyma of the petioles are two lateral sclerotic strands and a sclerotic bundle adaxial to the trace. Together, these characters reveal the occurrence of a new species, Todea minutacaulis and provide evidence for developmental changes that occur in the rhizome as the sporeling increased in size.ConclusionsSmall size of the specimen, medullated protostelic‐dictyoxylic solenostelar vascular architecture, and incompletely sclerified cells apically reveal that osmundaceous sporeling development has remained constant since at least the Early Cretaceous. Together with Todea tidwellii and Osmunda vancouverensis that also are present in the Apple Bay flora, this sporeling documents the occurrence of a multispecies assemblage of osmundaceous ferns and demonstrates that the genus Todea was diversifying rapidly by the Early Cretaceous.
Accessing the Eustachian tube: Conventional nasal spray vs. exhalation delivery system and the impact of targeted endoscopic sinus surgery on topical distribution patterns
Authors: Axiotakis Lucas G. , Spielman Daniel B. , Gudis David A. , Yang Nathan , Yan Carol H. , Soler Zachary M. , Levy Joshua M. , Rowan Nicholas R. , Irace Alexandria L. , Vilarello Brandon J. , Jacobson Patricia T. , Overdevest Jonathan B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundEustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) may occur distinct from, or in conjunction with, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS+ETD). Intranasal corticosteroid sprays are often prescribed for ETD, although ET distribution may be limited. To date, no anatomic studies compare nasopharynx (NP) distribution between conventional nasal sprays (NS) and exhalation delivery systems (EDS) after surgery. This study utilizes a cadaver model to examine topical NP delivery using EDS vs. NS before and after targeted endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).MethodsSixteen sinonasal cavities were administered fluorescein solution via NS and EDS before and after maxillary antrostomy and anterior ethmoidectomy, followed by nasal endoscopy of the NP and ET orifice. Seven blinded experts submitted staining ratings of endoscopy images on a 0‐ to 3‐point scale, with ratings averaged for analysis.ResultsInterrater reliability was excellent (intraclass correlation, 0.956). EDS was associated with significantly greater NP staining vs. NS in a pooled cohort of nonsurgical and ESS specimens (1.19 ± 0.81 vs. 0.78 ± 1.06; p = 0.043). Using a logistic regression model, EDS significantly outperformed NS in nonsurgical (odds ratio [OR], 3.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–10.09; p = 0.021) and post‐ESS (OR, 9.00; 95% CI, 1.95–41.5; p = 0.005) specimens, with the greatest relative staining observed for EDS after targeted ESS (OR, 18.99; 95% CI, 3.44–104.85; p = 0.001).ConclusionsEDS is more effective than NS in topical delivery to the NP and ET orifices in cadavers. Targeted ESS may facilitate greater NP penetration by EDS compared with NS, with possible synergism after ESS for augmented delivery. These findings suggest a role for EDS delivery methods for ETD management and in CRS+ETD patients undergoing sinus surgery.
The scope of using pragmatic language tests for early detection of dementia: A systematic review of investigations using figurative language
Authors: Chakrabarty Madhushree , Klooster Nathaniel , Biswas Atanu , Chatterjee Anjan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONDementia cases are expected to rise to 81.1 million in 2040. Efforts are underway to develop diagnostic methods to facilitate early detection of the disease. Herein we review research findings focusing on pragmatic dysfunction in patients with dementia and evaluate the usefulness of assessing dementia and its progress with a battery of tests assessing figurative language skills.METHODSA total of 74,778 article titles were identified from EMBASE, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. After systematic screening, 51 journal articles were selected for the final review.RESULTThe review suggests that impaired figurative language might be a marker for early cognitive decline. Different forms of figurative language may be impaired at different stages of the disease and in different types of dementia involving different neuropathologies.CONCLUSIONThe use of pragmatic tests in combination with the existing diagnostic protocols might increase the probability of early diagnosis.HIGHLIGHTSPragmatic impairment could be a marker of early cognitive impairment.Figurative language—an important pragmatic aspect—is disrupted in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early Alzheimer's disease (AD).Figurative language impairment might precede literal language impairment.Pragmatic tests could be more sensitive than standard neuropsychological tests.Inclusion of pragmatic tests in diagnostic guidelines might bolster early detection.
Plasma p‐tau231 and p‐tau217 inform on tau tangles aggregation in cognitively impaired individuals
Authors: Ferreira Pamela C. L. , Therriault Joseph , Tissot Cécile , Ferrari‐Souza João Pedro , Benedet Andréa L. , Povala Guilherme , Bellaver Bruna , Leffa Douglas T. , Brum Wagner S. , Lussier Firoza Z. , Bezgin Gleb , Servaes Stijn , Vermeiren Marie , Macedo Arthur C. , Cabrera Arlec , Stevenson Jenna , Triana‐Baltzer Gallen , Kolb Hartmuth , Rahmouni Nesrine , Klunk William E. , Lopez Oscar L. , Villemagne Victor L. , Cohen Ann , Tudorascu Dana L. , Zimmer Eduardo R. , Karikari Thomas K. , Ashton Nicholas J. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Gauthier Serge , Rosa‐Neto Pedro , Pascoal Tharick A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONPhosphorylated tau (p‐tau) biomarkers have been recently proposed to represent brain amyloid‐β (Aβ) pathology. Here, we evaluated the plasma biomarkers' contribution beyond the information provided by demographics (age and sex) to identify Aβ and tau pathologies in individuals segregated as cognitively unimpaired (CU) and impaired (CI).METHODSWe assessed 138 CU and 87 CI with available plasma p‐tau231, 217+, and 181, Aβ42/40, GFAP and Aβ‐ and tau‐PET.RESULTSIn CU, only plasma p‐tau231 and p‐tau217+ significantly improved the performance of the demographics in detecting Aβ‐PET positivity, while no plasma biomarker provided additional information to identify tau‐PET positivity. In CI, p‐tau217+ and GFAP significantly contributed to demographics to identify both Aβ‐PET and tau‐PET positivity, while p‐tau231 only provided additional information to identify tau‐PET positivity.DISCUSSIONOur results support plasma p‐tau231 and p‐tau217+ as state markers of early Aβ deposition, but in later disease stages they inform on tau tangle accumulation.Highlights
It is still unclear how much plasma biomarkers contribute to identification of AD pathology across the AD spectrum beyond the information already provided by demographics (age + sex).
Plasma p‐tau231 and p‐tau217+ contribute to demographic information to identify brain Aβ pathology in preclinical AD.
In CI individuals, plasma p‐tau231 contributes to age and sex to inform on the accumulation of tau tangles, while p‐tau217+ and GFAP inform on both Aβ deposition and tau pathology.
A Flexible Theory for Catalysis: Learning Alkaline Oxygen Reduction on Complex Solid Solutions within the Ag−Pd−Pt−Ru Composition Space**
Authors: Clausen Christian M. , Krysiak Olga A. , Banko Lars , Pedersen Jack K. , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Ludwig Alfred , Rossmeisl Jan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCompositionally complex materials such as high‐entropy alloys and oxides have the potential to be efficient platforms for catalyst discovery because of the vast chemical space spanned by these novel materials. Identifying the composition of the most active catalyst materials, however, requires unraveling the descriptor‐activity relationship, as experimentally screening the multitude of possible element ratios quickly becomes a daunting task. In this work, we show that inferred adsorption energy distributions of *OH and *O on complex solid solution surfaces within the space spanned by the system Ag−Pd−Pt−Ru are coupled to the experimentally observed electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen reduction reaction. In total, the catalytic activity of 1582 alloy compositions is predicted with a cross‐validated mean absolute error of 0.042 mA/cm2 by applying a theory‐derived model with only two adjustable parameters. Trends in the discrepancies between predicted electrochemical performance values of the model and the measured values on thin film surfaces subsequently provide insight into the alloys’ surface compositions during reaction conditions. Bridging this gap between computationally modeled and experimentally observed catalytic activities, not only reveals insight into the underlying theory of catalysis but also takes a step closer to realizing exploration and exploitation of high‐entropy materials.
Access to Trifluoromethylketones from Alkyl Bromides and Trifluoroacetic Anhydride by Photocatalysis
Authors: Du Hai‐Wu , Du Yi‐Dan , Zeng Xian‐Wang , Shu Wei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAliphatic trifluoromethyl ketones are a type of unique fluorine‐containing subunit which play a significant role in altering the physical and biological properties of molecules. Catalytic methods to provide direct access to aliphatic trifluoromethyl ketones are highly desirable yet remain underdeveloped, partially owing to the high reactivity and instability of trifluoroacetyl radical. Herein, we report a photocatalytic synthesis of trifluoromethyl ketones from alkyl bromides with trifluoroacetic anhydride. The reaction features dual visible‐light and halogen‐atom‐transfer catalysis, followed by an enabling radical‐radical cross‐coupling of an alkyl radical with a stabilized trifluoromethyl radical. The reaction provides straightforward access to aliphatic trifluoromethyl ketones from readily available and cost‐effective alkyl halides and trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA).
An Ultrathin Inorganic Molecular Crystal Interfacial Layer for Stable Zn Anode
Authors: Xiao Ping , Wu Yu , Liu Kailang , Feng Xin , Liang Jianing , Zhao Yinghe , Wang Chenggang , Xu Xijin , Zhai Tianyou , Li Huiqiao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractZn metal anode suffers from dendrite growth and side reactions during cycling, significantly deteriorating the lifespan of aqueous Zn metal batteries. Herein, we introduced an ultrathin and ultra‐flat Sb2O3 molecular crystal layer to stabilize Zn anode. The in situ optical and atomic force microscopes observations show that such a 10 nm Sb2O3 thin layer could ensure uniform under‐layer Zn deposition with suppressed tip growth effect, while the traditional WO3 layer undergoes an uncontrolled up‐layer Zn deposition. The superior regulation capability is attributed to the good electronic‐blocking ability and low Zn affinity of the molecular crystal layer, free of dangling bonds. Electrochemical tests exhibit Sb2O3 layer can significantly improve the cycle life of Zn anode from 72 h to 2800 h, in contrast to the 900 h of much thicker WO3 even in 100 nm. This research opens up the application of inorganic molecular crystals as the interfacial layer of Zn anode.
Strong Inhibition of Ice Growth by Biomimetic Crowding Coacervates
Authors: Liu Zhang , Cao Huimei , Fan Yaxun , Wang Yilin , Wang Jianjun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe freezing of biological fluids is intensively studied but remains elusive as it is affected not only by the various components but also by the crowding nature of the biological fluids. Herein, we constructed spherical crowders, fibrous crowders, and coacervates by various components ranging from surfactants to polymers and proteins, to mimic three typical crowders in biological fluids, i.e., globular proteins, fibrous networks, and condensates of biomolecules. It is elucidated that the three crowders exhibit low, moderate, and strong ice growth inhibition activity, respectively, resulting from their different abilities in slowing down water dynamics. Intriguingly, the coacervate consisting of molecules without obvious ice growth inhibition activity strongly inhibits ice growth, which is firstly employed as a highly‐potent cryoprotectant. This work provides new insights into the survival of freezing‐tolerant organisms and opens an avenue for the design of ice‐controlling materials.
Enabling New Approaches: Recent Advances in Processing Aliphatic Polycarbonate‐Based Materials
Authors: Wei Peiran , Bhat Gulzar A. , Darensbourg Donald J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAliphatic polycarbonates (aPCs) have become increasingly popular as functional materials due to their biocompatibility and capacity for on‐demand degradation. Advances in polymerization techniques and the introduction of new functional monomers have expanded the library of aPCs available, offering a diverse range of chemical compositions and structures. To accommodate the emerging requirements of new applications in biomedical and energy‐related fields, various manufacturing techniques have been adopted for processing aPC‐based materials. However, a summary of these techniques has yet to be conducted. The aim of this paper is to enrich the toolbox available to researchers, enabling them to select the most suitable technique for their materials. In this paper, a concise review of the recent progress in processing techniques, including controlled self‐assembly, electrospinning, additive manufacturing, and other techniques, is presented. We also highlight the specific challenges and opportunities for the sustainable growth of this research area and the successful integration of aPCs in industrial applications.
Analysis of free, unbound thyroid hormones by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry: A mini‐review of the medical rationale and analytical methods
Authors: Westbye Alexander B. , Aas Finn Erik , Kelp Oskar , Dahll Louise K. , Thorsby Per M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMeasurement of hormones is important for the diagnosis and management of endocrine diseases. The thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are among the most commonly measured hormones in clinical laboratories, and it is the concentration of free (not bound to proteins) thyroid hormones that is clinically most relevant. Free thyroid hormones are commonly measured using automated immunoassays, however, these are known to produce erroneous results due to interferences for some patients. Measurement of free thyroid hormones using equilibrium dialysis or ultrafiltration combined with liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) is considered a more accurate and robust method for free thyroid hormone analysis and overcomes many of the limitations of immunoassays. However, LC‐MS/MS‐based methods are often considered too technically difficult and not amendable to high throughput by clinical chemists and are not offered by many clinical laboratories. This mini‐review aims to make it easier for clinical laboratories to implement LC‐MS/MS‐based measurement of free thyroid hormones. It describes the medical rationale for measuring free thyroid hormones, the benefits of LC‐MS/MS‐based methods with respect to interferences affecting immunoassay‐based methods and physical separation methods. This mini‐review highlights important parameters for ultrafiltration and equilibrium dialysis to obtain physiologically relevant free thyroid hormone concentrations and focuses on methods and devices used in clinical chemistry.
Effects of glass fiber reinforcing and thermal post‐treatment on the mechanical properties and crystallization behaviors of polyoxymethylene
Authors: Zhang Ligang , Zhuo Xin , Shi Hongwei , Yu Shuwen , Tian Hongchi , Chen Jun , Hao Yanping , Chen Leilei , Liu Weikang , Xie Yong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolyoxymethylene (POM)‐based composites reinforced with pristine short glass fiber (SGF) and surface modified SGF with silane coupling agent (SGF550) were prepared by a twin‐screw extruder, and then injection molded via various processing, including natural air‐cooling, water‐cooling, and oven heat‐treating. The mechanical properties, micro‐structures of tensile fracture surfaces and crystallization behaviors were investigated. The results indicated that the above properties were tightly related to the interfacial bonding ability. POM composites reinforced with SGF550 can significantly improve the tensile strength by 33%–43% and the elongation at break by 50% and 66%, comparing with POM/SGF. Further considering the thermal post‐treatments, prompt water‐cooling can induce insufficient crystallization and form tough amorphous regions beneficial to lock firmly with SGF550, thus enhancing the mechanical properties. This work commits to propose an idea to improve performance by means of screening different processing techniques, and provide a route to tailor some nature of thermoplastics to meet practical application. Based on the lightweight trend, these reinforced composites can be made parts with high load‐bearing requirements, instead of the original metals, such as silent gear, automobile, and machinery instruments.
Advancing evolution: Bacteria break down gene silencer to express horizontally acquired genes
Authors: Groisman Eduardo A. , Choi Jeongjoon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHorizontal gene transfer advances bacterial evolution. To benefit from horizontally acquired genes, enteric bacteria must overcome silencing caused when the widespread heat‐stable nucleoid structuring (H‐NS) protein binds to AT‐rich horizontally acquired genes. This ability had previously been ascribed to both anti‐silencing proteins outcompeting H‐NS for binding to AT‐rich DNA and RNA polymerase initiating transcription from alternative promoters. However, we now know that pathogenic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and commensal Escherichia coli break down H‐NS when this silencer is not bound to DNA. Curiously, both species use the same protease – Lon – to destroy H‐NS in distinct environments. Anti‐silencing proteins promote the expression of horizontally acquired genes without binding to them by displacing H‐NS from AT‐rich DNA, thus leaving H‐NS susceptible to proteolysis and decreasing H‐NS amounts overall. Conserved amino acid sequences in the Lon protease and H‐NS cleavage site suggest that diverse bacteria degrade H‐NS to exploit horizontally acquired genes.