bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasi-static approximation error of electric field analysis for transcranial current stimulation
Authors: Gaugain Gabriel , Quéguiner Lorette , Bikson Marom , Sauleau Ronan , Zhadobov Maxim , Modolo Julien , Nikolayev Denys 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. Numerical modeling of electric fields induced by transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is currently a part of the standard procedure to predict and understand neural response. Quasi-static approximation (QSA) for electric field calculations is generally applied to reduce the computational cost. Here, we aimed to analyze and quantify the validity of the approximation over a broad frequency range. Approach. We performed electromagnetic modeling studies using an anatomical head model and considered approximations assuming either a purely ohmic medium (i.e. static formulation) or a lossy dielectric medium (QS formulation). The results were compared with the solution of Maxwell’s equations in the cases of harmonic and pulsed signals. Finally, we analyzed the effect of electrode positioning on these errors. Main results. Our findings demonstrate that the QSA is valid and produces a relative error below 1% up to 1.43 MHz. The largest error is introduced in the static case, where the error is over 1% across the entire considered spectrum and as high as 20% in the brain at 10 Hz. We also highlight the special importance of considering the capacitive effect of tissues for pulsed waveforms, which prevents signal distortion induced by the purely ohmic approximation. At the neuron level, the results point a difference of sense electric field as high as 22% at focusing point, impacting pyramidal cells firing times. Significance. QSA remains valid in the frequency range currently used for tACS. However, neglecting permittivity (static formulation) introduces significant error for both harmonic and non-harmonic signals. It points out that reliable low frequency dielectric data are needed for accurate transcranial current stimulation numerical modeling.
Mass transport in oscillatory electroosmotic viscoelectric flow in a hydrophobic microchannel with steric effect
Authors: Baños R , Arcos J , Bautista O , Méndez F 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We conduct a numerical study of viscoelectric and steric effects on an oscillatory electroosmotic flow (OEOF) and their impact on the mass transport of a passive solute through a hydrophobic microchannel. In many applications of electroosmosis, zeta potentials as high as 100–200 mV can be found; in such a situation, the Debye–Hückel approximation is no longer valid, and the steric effect must be considered because the crowding of finite-sized ions close to the microchannel walls. In addition to the previous effect, the local viscosity can be increased due to the viscoelectric effect for strong electric potentials induced in the electric double layer. Earlier works have studied the mass transfer caused by an OEOF; however, the combined effects’ influence has not been considered. This research suggests that under an appropriate combination of the viscoelectric and steric effects, together with the microchannel hydrophobicity, the mass transport can be controlled and notably enhanced compared with the case where such effects are disregarded. An interesting behavior occurs for relatively high values of the steric factor ν, where there is a linear dependence between the mass transport

Q
˜

and the viscoelectric factor

f
˜

; in contrast, for low values of ν, the relationship

Q
˜

−

f
˜

is non-linear.
Computational study on the impact of Nb doping on electronic structure, magnetic and optical properties of hexagonal bilayer BN
Authors: Debebe Mesikerem Mesele , Hailemariam Sintayehu Mekonnen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We investigate the impact of Niobium (Nb) doping on the electronic structure, and magnetic and optical properties of the bilayer hexagonal boron nitride (BL hBN) using spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT). The calculated values of formation energy reveal the structural stability of Nb-doped BL hBN. The structural parameter analysis indicates the bond length and lattices constant of BL hBN increase due to Nb doping. In addition, it is found that the energy band gap of BL hBN is reduced from 5.1 eV to 3.9 eV due to 5.5% of Nb doping. Moreover, the obtained magnetic moment of 2 μ

B
and 4 μ

B
for Nb concentrations of 5.55% and 11.11% respectively, indicate the turning of the paramagnetic behavior of pure BL hBN to ferromagnetic. Besides, we have also found that the first and second nearest neighboring (NN) magnetic interaction between two dopants (Nb atoms) is ferromagnetic. Whereas, the third nearest neighbor interaction is antiferromagnetic. More interestingly, using mean field theory together with spin-polarized DFT ferromagnetic transition temperature (T
c
) of 367 K is obtained for 11.11% of Nb-doped BL hBN. Furthermore, a significant enhancement of the absorption coefficient due to Nb doping in both the visible and mid-to-far-infrared regions was observed. Based on those results, we suggest that Nb-doped BL hBN is a good candidate material for nanoelectronics, spintronics, and optoelectronics applications.
Reduced graphene oxide-ferrite microcomposites based on petung bamboo (dendrocalamus asper) charcoal and iron sand as lightweight microwave absorbing materials
Authors: Mashuri Mashuri , Usman Adam Aswin , Suyatno Suyatno 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Reduced graphene oxide-ferrite (rGO/Fe3O4) microcomposites as lightweight microwave absorbing materials has been successfully synthesized from petung bamboo and iron sand by mechanical mixing method at different rGO content (0:1, 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1 and 3:1 wt%). Reduced graphene oxide as dielectric material was synthesized from petung bamboo charcoal using carbonization method and ferrite as magnetic material was synthesized from iron sand using extraction-milling method. Structural characterization by x-ray Fluorosence, Fourier Transform Infrared, Vibrating Sample Magnetometry, x-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy proved that micrometer sized reduced graphene oxide ferrite in the microcomposites was responsible for the ferromagnetic behavior of the composites. The reflection loss of microcomposites measured in the microwave frequency range of 8–12 GHz using a Vector Network Analyzer. The results showed that at the micro scale, rGO had a higher absorption power with maximum reflection loss (RL

m
) value of −21.81 dB at matching frequency (f

m
) 10.85 GHz compared with Fe3O4 (RL

m
value of −9.25 dB at f

m
= 10.60 GHz) at thickness of 1 mm. The rGO/Fe3O4 (2:1 wt%) microcomposites microwave absorber shows the optimum absorption with maximum reflection loss value of −16.51 dB at matching frequency (f

m
) 10.74 GHz at thickness of 1 mm. The use of natural materials and the controlled rGO/Fe3O4 microcomposites structure with simple synthesis methods, which the urgent need for developing high performance lightweight microwave abrsorbing materials and are environmentally friendly.
Feasibility of using the Leap Motion Controller to administer conventional motor tests: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Kincaid Clay , Johnson Paula , Charles Steven K 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough upper-limb movement impairments are common, the primary tools for assessing and tracking impairments in clinical settings are limited. Markerless motion capture (MMC) technology has the potential to provide a large amount of quantitative, objective movement data in routine clinical use. Many past studies have focused on whether MMC are sufficiently accurate. However, another necessary step is to create meaningful clinical tests that can be administered via MMC in a robust manner. Four conventional upper-limb motor tests common in clinical assessments (visually guided movement, finger tapping, postural tremor, and reaction time) were modified so they can be administered via a particular MMC sensor, the Leap Motion Controller (LMC). In this proof-of-concept study, we administered these modified tests to 100 healthy subjects and present here the successes and challenges we encountered. Subjects generally found the LMC and the graphical user interfaces of the tests easy to use. The LMC recorded movement with sufficiently high sampling rate (>106 samples/s), and the rate of LMC malfunctions (mainly jumps in time or space) was low, so only 1.9% of data was discarded. However, administration of the tests also revealed some significant weaknesses. The visually guided movement test was easily implemented with the LMC; the modified reaction time test worked reasonably well with the LMC but is likely more easily implemented with other existing technologies; and the modified tremor and finger tapping tests did not work well because of the limited bandwidth of the LMC. Our findings highlight the need to develop and evaluate motor tests specifically suited for MMC. The real strength of MMC may not be in replicating conventional tests but rather in administering new tests or testing conditions not possible with conventional clinical tests or other technologies.
Longitudinal association of electrocardiogram abnormalities with major adverse cardiac events in people with Type 2 diabetes: the Hoorn Diabetes Care System cohort
Authors: Harms Peter P , Elders Petra P J M , Rutters Femke , Lissenberg-Witte Birgit I , Tan Hanno L , Beulens Joline W J , Nijpels Giel , van der Heijden Amber A ,   for ESCAPE-NET
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Aims
To investigate the association of (changes in) electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities with incident major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in people with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) without pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods and results
A prospective longitudinal study of 11 993 people with T2D without known CVD from the Hoorn Diabetes Care System cohort. Annually repeated measurements (1998–2018), included cardiovascular risk factors, over 70 000 ECG, and self-reported cardiovascular events. ECG abnormalities were classified according to the Minnesota Classification as prolonged PR duration, prolonged QRS duration, left QRS-axis, QS pattern, ST-segment/T-wave abnormalities, or tall R-wave. The association of ECG abnormalities with MACEs was assessed using time-dependent Cox-regression models, adjusted for time-varying cardiovascular risk factors, and medication use [hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)]. During a median follow-up of 6.6 (IQR, 3.1–10.7) years, 5445 (45.4%) of the participants had an ECG abnormality (prevalent or incident) at any of the median 6 (IQR, 3–10) annual ECG recordings, and 905 people (7.5%) had a MACE (529 coronary heart disease (CHD), 250 heart failure (HF), and 126 sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)). After adjustment, most ECG abnormalities were associated with HF: prolonged QRS duration [HR, 4.01 (95% CI, 2.67–6.03)], QS pattern [2.68 (0.85–8.49)], ST-segment/T-wave abnormalities [4.26 (2.67–6.80)], and tall R-wave [2.23 (1.33–3.76)]. Only QS pattern [2.69 (1.20–6.03)] and ST-segment/T-wave abnormalities [2.11 (1.48–3.02)] were associated with CHD. These associations were robust across age, sex, hypertension, or estimated CVD risk subgroups.

Conclusion
In people with T2D without pre-existing CVD, ECG abnormalities related to decelerated conduction, ischaemia, and hypertrophy are predominantly early signs of emerging HF, while only abnormalities related to ischaemic disorders are signs of CHD.
Macroeconomic fluctuations and individual use of psychotropic medications: evidence from Swedish administrative data
Authors: Dackehag Margareta , Ellegård Lina Maria , Gerdtham Ulf-G , Nilsson Therese 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
A growing literature finds that adult mental health worsens during economic downturns. Current insights on the relationship between macroeconomic fluctuations and psychotropic medication are based on self-reported information or aggregate measures on prescriptions. This study assesses the relationship between local macroeconomic conditions and individual use of psychotropic medication as reported in administrative registers.

Methods
We use local information on unemployment linked to individual-level longitudinal data on detailed psychotropic drug consumption from administrative registers, for individuals in working age (20–65) in Sweden 2006–13. Any psychotropic medication uptake and the related number of redeemed prescriptions are the primary outcomes. Mortality is considered a secondary outcome.

Results
Among young men (aged 20–44) and older women (aged 45–65), we find reduced use of psychotropic medication (2–4% compared to the mean) when the local labor market conditions deteriorate. The relationship is driven by reduced use of antidepressants. The same age-gender groups experience a significantly higher risk of mortality in bad times.

Conclusions
This study shows that economic downturns may not only put strain on individuals’ mental health but also on their access to psychopharmaceutic treatments.
(Dis)order and (in)justice in a heating world
Authors: Eckersley Robyn 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Conventional accounts of the relationship between international order and justice treat order as necessarily prior to justice because it is a precondition for the management of conflict and for collective debates about justice. This contribution takes the climate change challenge as an opportunity to challenge and enlarge this account from the perspective of critical political ecology. This approach highlights the more fundamental socio-ecological conditions that are necessary for the stability and possibility of political order itself. It also directs more systematic attention to how orders themselves disorder the climate in ways that also constitute climate injustices. Structurally generated injustices of this kind cannot be addressed solely at the level of a single regime (via the Paris Agreement). They also require a transformation of the constitutive norms and practices of the international liberal economic order in which the climate regime is embedded so that the order serves the objectives and principles of the regime. However, this is unlikely, and the contribution reflects on the implications for the legitimacy and functional viability of states and the international order in a heating world.
Progress, decolonization and global justice: a tragic view
Authors: Lu Catherine 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
What does making progress in global justice mean? What are the barriers to progress? This article introduces the notion of tragic progress, against assertions by International Relations realists that tragedy and progress are mutually exclusive concepts, and as a complement to notions of ‘pragmatic progress’ and ‘bounded progress’ offered by IR constructivists and philosophical pragmatists. Tragic progress refers to the disruptive and often painful process of self-examination spurred by contexts of crisis, both for individuals and for wider collectives. Focusing on the multiperspectival structure of tragic narratives, tragic reversals and the moments of recognition they invite, I argue that the devices of tragedy direct our attention to mechanisms for unlearning, and stimulate the pursuit of self-knowledge and transformation in contexts of crisis as a basis for social change. The contemporary crisis of international order can be interpreted as a tragic reversal for its practitioners and adherents, with the potential to generate moments of recognition that increase their receptivity to polymorphic claims of justice, many of which have been buried, muffled or repressed. The call to decolonize international order can be interpreted as a call for tragic progress, which consists of unlearning colonial subjectivities, practices and commitments, thereby opening up opportunities to make possibility out of dispossession, slavery, genocide, and other social, political and moral horrors of our time.
Approval regulation and learning, with application to timing of merger control
Authors: Ottaviani Marco , Wickelgren Abraham L 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article analyzes the optimal combination of ex ante and ex post regulation of an activity in a two-period model. Additional information about the sign and extent of the externality associated with the activity becomes available only once a private party undertakes the activity, but undoing the activity at that stage is costly. We characterize when the regulator should commit not to reevaluate the activity ex post. The case for ex post regulation is strengthened if the private party can signal its private information about the consequences of the activity, but it is weakened if the cost of undoing the activity can be manipulated.
Assessment of prescribing patterns and medication errors related to prescriptions in hospitalized diabetes mellitus type-2 patients in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Ur Rahman Jamil , Ahmad Tawseef , Khan Muhammad , Ur Rahman Asad , Ghani Samia , Ullah Khan Faiz 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesDiabetes mellitus (DM type-2) is a common, non-transmittable disease that affects people all over the world. Polypharmacy and inappropriate prescribing are more common in diabetic individuals. One of the most critical and fundamental abilities a doctor requires is the ability to write prescriptions. In emerging countries like Pakistan, irrational drug prescribing is a major healthcare issue. This study aims to investigate the prescriptions errors in patients with DM type-2 prescriptions admitted in medical wards and outpatients’ visits departments at Khyber teaching hospital.MethodsIn the Khyber Teaching Hospital in Peshawar, a prospective study was done to determine medicine prescribing patterns and identify prescription errors in hospitalized patients with DM type-2. Over the course of two months, 86 patients’ prescriptions were collected from the hospital’s medical ward. The pattern of prescriptions was investigated using WHO-recommended indicators, and prescription mistakes were identified. DM type-2 was shown to be substantially more common in females than in males in this clinical investigation. For the data analysis, various statistical methods were used and data were visualized.Key findingsDM type-2 was more common in adults above the age of 65, according to age groups (51–60). It was revealed that the average number of medications per prescription was 8.37%. In this study, we discovered that patients with DM type-2 had higher rates of hypertension than those with other disorders. The percentage of prescriptions with generic names was 3.61%, antibiotics were 15.69%, and injectables were 47.22% of the total 720 medications prescribed. The dose strength was absent in 18.75% of the 720 medications, and 6.25% of the pharmaceuticals had an incorrect dosage form.ConclusionTo promote reasonable drug therapy, the prescription pattern and prescription errors have highlighted the necessity to build an accurate system of documenting and analysing therapy before issuing a prescription.
Validity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision in the Urgent Care Setting and Impact on Antibiotic Prescribing Rates
Authors: Medvedeva Natalia , Ong’uti Sharon , Hersh Adam L , Chang Amy , Mui Emily , Stenehjem Edward , Ha David , Holubar Marisa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We validated different coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition (ICD-10) encounter definitions across 2 urgent care clinics.
Sensitivity of definitions varied throughout the pandemic.
Inclusion of COVID-19 and COVID-19-like illness (CLI) ICD-10s rendered highest sensitivity but lowest specificity.
Antibiotic prescribing rates were low for COVID-19 ICD-10 encounters, increasing with CLI ICD-10 encounters.
Correlates of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Inpatient Mortality at a Southern California Community Hospital With a Predominantly Hispanic/Latino Adult Population
Authors: Gatto Nicole M , Freund Debbie , Ogata Pamela , Diaz Lisa , Ibarrola Ace , Desai Mamta , Aspelund Thor , Gluckstein Daniel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Studies of inpatient coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality risk factors have mainly used data from academic medical centers or large multihospital databases and have not examined populations with large proportions of Hispanic/Latino patients. In a retrospective cohort study of 4881 consecutive adult COVID-19 hospitalizations at a single community hospital in Los Angeles County with a majority Hispanic/Latino population, we evaluated factors associated with mortality.

Methods
Data on demographic characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory and clinical results, and COVID-19 therapeutics were abstracted from the electronic medical record. Cox proportional hazards regression modeled statistically significant, independently associated predictors of hospital mortality.

Results
Age ≥65 years (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.90–3.72), male sex (HR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.07–1.60), renal disease (HR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.18–1.95), cardiovascular disease (HR = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.18–1.78), neurological disease (HR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.41–2.39), D-dimer ≥500 ng/mL (HR = 2.07; 95% CI = 1.43–3.0), and pulse oxygen level &lt;88% (HR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.13–1.71) were independently associated with increased mortality. Patient household with (1) multiple COVID-19 cases and (2) Asian, Black, or Hispanic compared with White non-Hispanic race/ethnicity were associated with reduced mortality. In hypoxic COVID-19 inpatients, remdesivir, tocilizumab, and convalescent plasma were associated with reduced mortality, and corticosteroid use was associated with increased mortality.

Conclusions
We corroborate several previously identified mortality risk factors and find evidence that the combination of factors associated with mortality differ between populations.