bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of the Xanthophyll Cycle and its Role in the Photoprotective Memory and Response
Authors: Fleming Graham , Short Audrey , Fay Thomas , Crisanto Thien , Mangal Ratul , Niyogi Krishna , Limmer David 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Efficiently balancing photochemistry and photoprotection is crucial for survival and productivity of photosynthetic organisms in the rapidly fluctuating light levels found in natural environments. The ability to respond quickly to sudden changes in light level is clearly advantageous. In the alga Nannochloropsis oceanica we observed an ability to respond rapidly to sudden increases in light level which occur soon after a previous high-light exposure. This ability implies a kind of memory. In this work, we explore the xanthophyll cycle in N. oceanica as a photoprotective memory system. By combining snapshot fluorescence lifetime measurements with a biochemistry-based quantitative model we show that both short-term and medium-term “memory” arises from the xanthophyll cycle. In addition, the model enables us to characterize the relative quenching abilities of the three xanthophyll cycle components. Given the ubiquity of the xanthophyll cycle in photosynthetic organisms the model described here will be of utility in improving our understanding of vascular plant photoprotection with important implications for crop productivity.
Mental health and other factors associated with the perception of the improvement of the environment after the first months of the pandemic in Latin America
Authors: Mejia Christian R. , Cifuentes-Lívano Harold R. , Vilcahuaman-Oscanoa Waldo B. , Chavez Dennis Arias , Vilela-Estrada Martin A. , Serna-Alarcón Victor , Zambrano Lysien Ivania , Espinoza-Turcios Eleonora , Requena-Pastorelli Tatiana 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Due to the restrictions of mobility during the first months of the pandemic, an improvement in the environment was observed, but this has not been estimated from the perspective of mental health.
Aim: To determine whether mental health and other factors were associated with the perception of the improvement of the environment after the first months of the pandemic in Latin America.
Methodology: Analytical and multicenter cross-sectional study. Four questions were asked about their perception of change in the environment after a quarter of the pandemic, Alpha of Cronbach: 0,96).
Results: Descriptive and analytical statistics were obtained. In the multivariate analysis, an association of a greater perception of environmental change was found according to having moderate or severe stress (RPa: 1,16; IC95%: 1,05-1,28; valor p=0,003) and live in Bolivia (RPa: 1,24; IC95%: 1,10-1,40; valor p<0,001); In contrast, there was less perception of change among men. (RPa: 0,84; IC95%: 0,78-0,90; valor p<0,001), among the youngest (RPa: 0,995; IC95%: 0,992-0,998; valor p=0,003), among those living in Mexico (RPa: 0,80; IC95%: 0,69-0,93; valor p=0,003) and other Latin American countries (RPa: 0,64; IC95%: 0,43-0,98; valor p=0,039), adjusted for level of education and having anxiety. Discussion: The environment changed due to the lack of human activity, but this perception was also associated with mental health status.
Conclusion: A greater perception of environmental change was associated with having moderate/severe stress and living in Bolivia; there was less perception of change among men, in younger men, depending on living in Mexico or in other Latin American countries.
Push and pull factors influencing the choice of a health resort by Polish treatment-seekers
Authors: Godlewska Agnieszka , Mazurek-Kusiak Anna , Soroka Andrzej 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
The objective of the study was to indicate social and psychological (inner) motives associated with the desire and needs of travelling to health resorts (push) as well as external motives resulting from destination's attributes, and explaining the choice of the health tourism establishment (pull) by Polish treatment-seekers divided into two social groups: persons in employment and retired persons. The research hypothesis assumed the two groups of people differ very much in terms of preferences motivating them to participate in health resort tourism, destination choices and services offered by health resort establishments.
Methods
Of the 258 health resorts, 154 establishments were selected for research purposes taking into account a proportional distribution of health resorts throughout Poland. An authorial questionnaire was developed and it included three questions with multiple answers, each answer being assessed on a 5-point Likert scale. The research adds new insights by analysing motives associated with health resort tourism in terms of benefits sought by visitors. The main and strongest motive for choosing health resort tourism is concern for health. In addition to old age pensioners, it was legitimate to analyse the group of employed respondents as their stays at a health resort are undertaken to regain not only physical fitness but also work motivation.
Results
The present study has demonstrated that motives and age groups have a significant effect on destination choice. Based on the results, it can be concluded that these groups often have diverse needs, expectations and, as a result, motives for choosing this form of tourism and a given health resort. What follows is a possibility of dividing the visitors to health resorts in terms of push and pull motives.
Conclusions
The research hypothesis assuming the two groups varied considerably in terms of preferences motivating them to participate in health resort tourism, destination selection and choice of services offered by the health resort establishment has been confirmed. The ramifications of the study's findings may also be relevant for health resort/spa tourism outside of Poland because healthy lifestyle promotion is a worldwide trend.
Enantioseparation and modeling study of selected chiral pharmaceuticals on a commercialized phenylcarbamate-β-cyclodextrin column using polar organic mode
Authors: Dobó Máté , Ádám Márk , Fiser Béla , Papp Lajos Attila , Sekkoum Khaled , Szabó Zoltán-István , Tóth Gergő 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The chiral separation capability of Chiral-CD-Ph column, containing phenylcarbamate-β-cyclodextrin as the chiral selector in polar organic mode was investigated. A total of 25 compounds with different structures and acid-base properties were tested, and 20 of them were separated using acetonitrile or methanol as eluent. The effects of various chromatographic parameters, such as the type and proportion of organic modifier, flow rate, and column temperature were analyzed in detail in relation to chromatographic performance. A U-shape retention curve was observed when a mixture of acetonitrile and methanol was used as the eluent, indicating different types of interactions in different solvent mixtures. Van 't Hoff analysis was used for calculation of thermodynamic parameters which revealed that the enantioseparation is mainly enthalpy controlled; however, entropic control was also observed. The enantiomer recognition ability at the atomic level was also investigated through a molecular modeling study, which revealed surface binding in polar organic mode instead of inclusion complexation. Our work proves that the phenylcarbamate-β-cyclodextrin chiral selector can be effectively used in polar organic mode for the chiral separation of compounds with diverse structures. Furthermore, it is also important to note that it was demonstrated that surface binding is responsible for the formation of supramolecular complexes in certain cyclodextrin derivatives.
Induction of Pre-hospital Emergency Anaesthesia I-Phea: A National Survey of UK Hems Practice
Authors: Hodkinson Mark , Poole Kurtis 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Pre-hospital emergency anaesthesia is a critical intervention undertaken by helicopter emergency medical teams. Previous studies informed current practice for induction regimes, using a standardized approach of fentanyl, ketamine and rocuronium. There may be a trend towards post-induction hypotension attributed to the induction regime used. Several new combinations of fentanyl, ketamine and rocuronium are emerging in clinical practice. There is currently no consensus on what induction regimes should be used.
Methods
A semi-structured survey was distributed to the medical leads of all UK air ambulance organisations between December 2022 and February 2023. The survey sought to establish provision of pre-hospital emergency anaesthesia and current induction regimes for stable, unstable and post-cardiac arrest patients. Data was extracted from Microsoft Forms into Excel and reported using descriptive statistics. The survey was endorsed by the National HEMS Research and Audit Forum.
Results
19 air ambulance organisations responded (response rate 86%). Most organisations provide over 100 pre-hospital emergency anaesthetics per annum (79%, n = 15/19). A combination of fentanyl, ketamine and rocuronium is used for induction of anaesthesia, with an increasing trend towards practitioner choice as opposed to prescribed drug regimes. There is variability in the dose of rocuronium from 1mg/kg to 2mg/kg.
Conclusion
There is variability in the approach to pre-hospital emergency anaesthesia. There is a growing dataset that would enable development of a registry to better understand induction regimes and the impact on patient physiology. Organisations are increasingly adopting a patient centered, practitioner choice model towards induction of anaesthesia.
Combined metabolomic and lipidomic analysis uncovers metabolic profile and biomarkers for papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Wang Zipeng , Yang Yiqin , Xing Yurong , Si Dandan , Wang Suhua , Lin Jiashuo , Li Cai , Zhang Ji , Yin Detao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy with a rapidly increasing incidence. The pathogenesis of PTC is unclear, but metabolic and lipidomic reprogramming may play a role in tumor growth. We applied ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to perform globally targeted metabolomics and lipidomics on plasma samples from 94 patients with PTC and 100 healthy controls (HC). We identified 113 differential metabolites and 236 differential lipids, mainly involved in branched-chain amino acid metabolism, glutamate and glutamine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and lipid metabolism. We also screened three potential metabolite biomarkers: sebacic acid, L-glutamine, and indole-3-carboxaldehyde. These biomarkers showed excellent diagnostic performance for PTC in both discovery and validation cohorts, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.994 and 0.925, respectively. Our findings reveal distinct metabolic and lipidomic features of PTC and provide novel targets for diagnosis and treatment.
Tensile-shear properties of steel-Al adhesively bonded dissimilar joints and the effect of Al plate thickness
Authors: UEMATSU Yoshihiko , OZEKI Yoshihiro , CAIZA Paul Dario TOASA 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Lap shear dissimilar joints between aluminium (Al) alloy, A6061-T6, and stainless steel, type 304, were fabricated by adhesive bonding. Three Al plates with different thicknesses were used to investigate the effect of the Al plate thickness on the tensile-shear properties, namely the effect of bending stiffness of Al plates. The maximum tensile-shear loads increased with increasing Al plate thicknesses. The fracture through the adherent (cohesive fracture) occurred when the Al plate was the thickest, while the interface fracture between Al plate and adherent appeared on the fracture surface with decreasing Al plate thickness. Fatigue strengths also increased with increasing Al plate thickness. When the fatigue strengths were normalized by the tensile strengths, the effect of the plate thickness became negligible. FEM analyses revealed that the stress concentration at the edge of adhesive on Al side decreased with increasing Al plate thickness, which could be related to the dependence of tensile and fatigue properties on the Al plate thickness.
Examining indicators of complex network vulnerability across diverse attack scenarios
Authors: Musawi Ahmad F. Al , Roy Satyaki , Ghosh Preetam 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Complex networks capture the structure, dynamics, and relationships among entities in real-world networked systems, encompassing domains like communications, society, chemistry, biology, ecology, politics, etc. Analysis of complex networks lends insight into the critical nodes, key pathways, and potential points of failure that may impact the connectivity and operational integrity of the underlying system. In this work, we investigate the topological properties or indicators, such as shortest path length, modularity, efficiency, graph density, diameter, assortativity, and clustering coefficient, that determine the vulnerability to (or robustness against) diverse attack scenarios. Specifically, we examine how node-and link-based network growth or depletion based on specific attack criteria affect their robustness gauged in terms of the largest connected component (LCC) size and diameter. We employ partial least squares discriminant analysis to quantify the individual contribution of the indicators on LCC preservation while accounting for the collinearity stemming from the possible correlation between indicators. Our analysis of 14 complex network datasets and 5 attack models invariably reveals high modularity and disassortativity to be prime indicators of vulnerability, corroborating prior works that report disassortative modular networks to be particularly susceptible to targeted attacks. We conclude the paper with a discussion of how this work motivates the design of computational models that adaptively and distributively achieve network robustness in the face of changing or unknown attack strategies.
“Pouring their heart out in Sainsbury’s”: qualitative study of young people’s, parents’ and mental health practitioners’ experiences of adapting to remote online mental health appointments during Covid-19
Authors: Biddle Lucy , Derges Jane , Cliffe Bethany , Gooberman-Hill Rachael , Linton Myles-Jay , Moran Paul , Bould Helen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, technologies such as videoconferencing were used to deliver mental health appointments remotely online. For many people, this was a change from previous methods of mental healthcare receipt and delivery. We aimed to explore in-depth how practitioners, young people and parents in the UK experienced this transition.
Methods
We used qualitative methods to collect data, triangulating between free-text online survey data (n = 38), focus groups (n = 5, 3 young adult groups (total n = 11), 2 practitioner groups (total n = 7)) and semi-structured interviews (practitioners n = 8; parents n = 4). Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.
Results
Participants held mixed views. While appointments at home could be regarded as more comfortable, naturalistic and accessible, it was also recognised that remoteness compromised practitioner control with consequences for their ability to monitor patient engagement, manage risk and ensure confidentiality when others were present in the home. This could create an additional burden for parents as they tried to facilitate appointments but felt unsupported in this role. Relatedly, remoteness was seen to hinder interpersonal communication, formation of trust, communication of empathy and opportunities to observe body language, all of which were deemed important to building and maintaining effective therapeutic relationships. Despite this, others thought the anonymity of a remote exchange may allow earlier disclosure. There was disagreement as to whether remote provision narrowed or expanded the scope of practice.
Conclusions
While some had positive views of remote mental health appointments, others found them challenging. Findings highlight key areas requiring attention and mitigation in future offerings of remote provision, namely: risk management, parental burden, and problematic engagement.
Investigation of scatter radiation intensities in the cardiac catheter laboratory: novel versus traditional shielding solutions
Authors: Mirjalili Negar , Tse Jason , Crowhurst James A , Dautov Rustem 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A manufacturer has released a novel shielding solution (NSS): Rampart M1128 and claimed that the lead aprons can be removed. This study investigates the scatter intensities with the NSS or the traditional shielding solutions (TSS) including the ceiling-suspended screen and the tableside lead drape. Isodose maps were generated by two series of measurements with an anthropomorphic phantom using NSS and TSS. Three survey meters were positioned at different heights to measure the scatter intensities at the eye, chest, and pelvic levels. Additional measurements were made at the primary and secondary operators’ locations to evaluate the scatter intensities with different clinical projections. For the main operators, the isodose maps showed that NSS could result in a scatter dose that was between 80% and 95% lower than those of TSS at the eye and chest levels. The corresponding result at the pelvic level could go down to around 50%. These reductions should be compared to the additional protection by conventional lead protections: up to 80% reduction from lead eyeglasses and up to 95% from lead aprons. At LAO30 and between CRA30 and CAU30, NSS led to lower scatter doses ranging from 76% to 96% than those of TSS to both operators at the eye and chest levels. The range reduced to 25% and 60% at the pelvic level. The protection of NSS is comparable with that of TSS alongside conventional lead protections at the eye but not at the chest and the pelvic levels under the setup of CA.
Enhancing the diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder using Phenotypic, Structural, and functional MRI Data
Authors: Yakolli Nivedan , V Anusha , Khan Adnan Ahamed , A Shubhashree , Chatterjee Subarna 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties with social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, interests, hobbies, and stereotyped, constrained behavior. In order to automate the identification of brain disorders marked by social deficiencies and repeated behaviors, machine learning and deep learning approaches have become very significant. In the paper, we have proposed and implemented a machine learning models and convolution neural network (CNN) for classifying subjects with ASD. Data is from Autism Brain Imagining Data Exchange (ABIDE) repository by using phenotypic, s-MRI, and fMRI data. For s-MRI image dataset, the accuracy of the neural network is about 87% whereas for fMRI image dataset the accuracy is 88% which is suitable for real-time usage. We implemented a GUI called Gradio for visualizing the s-MRI and fMRI data analysis. The work also interpreted the different Machine Learning (ML) models for the clinical data of ASD Screening of children (toddlers) which was available in the UCI repository, the different ML techniques used are Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Logistic Regression. The proposed methodology can detect and diagnose ASD early. An automated system helps in faster diagnosis and even minute things are identified and observed. Sometimes, humans can fail in identifying such minute things in the sample while diagnosing. To build such a system, deep learning models such as CNN models are trained on the s-MRI and fMRI images to classify them into ASD and non-ASD. The classification capability of the system developed was measured using the performance metrics such as accuracy, ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve, and AUC (Area under the Curve). The automated system can detect whether the given image is ASD or normal. The doctors can use this automated system very easily and do the needful after that. The novelty of our work is that we have considered the 3 modalities, for predicting the diseases. As a future work, we can do a fusion to give more accurate results combining 3 modalities results.
Design and Analysis of Two Ultra-Fast All-Optical Plasmonic Dual- Band OFF-ON and Bi-Directional Switches Based on Nonlinear Kerr Materials
Authors: PAV MOHAMMADREZA , pooretemad siavash , GRANPAYEH NOSRAT 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study, two ultra-fast all-optical plasmonic switches based on metal–insulator–metal (MIM) plasmonic waveguides side-coupled to cavity by stubs are proposed. The cavities are filled with a nonlinear Kerr material and the switching occurs due to the self-phase-modulation (SPM) effect. In the first structure, an OFF-ON switching functionality is achieved either by varying the incident light intensity or using the optical bistability effect at the two telecommunication windows of 1550 nm and 850 nm. In the second structure, by adding another nonlinear cavity a bi-directional switch is designed. The finite-deference time-domain (FDTD) method is used to obtain the simulation results. The proposed ultra-fast switches have significant switching mechanisms and picosecond response time (0.25ps for the OffON switch and 1.5ps for the bi-directional switch). The proposed all-optical switches have potential of significant applications in photonic integrated circuits (PICs).
Fiscal Policy and Inequality in Middle- and High-Income Countries: Redistributive Effects of Tax and Spending Shocks
Authors: Isiaka Abdulaleem , Mihailov Alexander , Razzu Giovanni 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Motivated by the sharp increases in public spending following the global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, we employ the GMM Panel VAR approach at annual frequency between 2004-2014 to investigate the response of alternative income distribution variables to shocks imposed on tax revenues and three key components of social expenditures: social protection, health and education. We confirm the potential of fiscal policy to reduce income inequality, but point to the differential approaches to do so in middle-and high-income countries. We find that the particular expenditure component under consideration matters in terms of the impact on inequality and on different parts of the income distribution, as well as in terms of the implied time profile. In middle-income countries, positive education spending shocks are the most effective in achieving better distributional outcomes. By contrast, in high-income countries, positive health spending and tax shocks have a more pronounced favourable distributional impact.
JEL codes: E62, H53, O15
Molecular mobility in mixed “water-in-salt” solutions of LiOAc and KOAc according to NMR data
Authors: Matveev Vladimir V. , Pestova Olga N. , Tyutyukin Konstantin V. , Chizhik Vladimir I. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Diffusion coefficients of ions and water have been measured in two- and three-component concentrated (“water-in-salt”) aqueous solutions of KOAc and LiOAc, which were proposed as new electrolytes for water-based Li-ion batteries. It was demonstrated that the diffusion coefficient for acetate anion is greater than for lithium cation one in the KOAc-containing solutions and the difference grows under increasing concentration of potassium acetate. Water diffusion is also faster comparing with lithium cation and acetate anion in all solutions studied. Temperature dependences of spin-lattice relaxation rates (1/T1) of 1H, 7Li, and 39K nuclei have been measured for both ions and water. The dependences do not reach their maxima for the most samples, and only for acetate anion in sample IV (31.9 moles KOAc – 8.0 moles LiOAc – H2O) it turned out to be possible the reliable calculation of the rotational correlation time τc. Comparison of the translational (via D) and rotational (via τc) mobility of the acetate anion near the eutectic point showed that the Stokes-Einstein relation is valid for this solution only in a small high-temperature part of the studied range, but not for the lower temperatures.