bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Democracy in Private Law
Authors: Rosen Arie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Meaningfully democratic legislation in private law—legislation whose content is shaped by processes of election, deliberation, and majority vote—is relatively rare. Even when such legislation does occur, it ordinarily takes the shape of circumscribed interventions on particular kinds of property or certain types of voluntary and involuntary transactions, leaving the core set of general private law rules and principles beyond democratic scrutiny. This chapter sets out to trace and evaluate this bifurcated structure characteristic of the making of modern private law. Eschewing traditional generalizations about legislation and judge-made law, it offers a typology of legislative processes that clarifies the fault lines between democratic and professional lawmaking. It then considers the case for the radical democratization of private law and explains why, given the normative complexity of private law, a bifurcated process for generating it can be defended even by those committed to democratic lawmaking.
Social Movements
Authors: Rucht Dieter 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This treatise offers a theoretically informed approach to social movements as a phenomenon of modern societies. It combines three basic perspectives: interactionist, constructivist, and process-oriented (ICP-approach). The overall ambition is to link the analysis of social movements to general theories of society and processes of social change. To this aim, the treatise mainly draws on ideas from Jürgen Habermas, Pierre Bourdieu, and Anthony Giddens. Several revisions are recommended with regard to Habermas’ theory of communicative action; one of these is to recognize the importance of the public sphere as a realm in its own right beyond functional systems (such as the economy and the political-administrative system) and the daily lifeworld. The public sphere is the major domain in which social movements make themselves seen and heard, garner support, and possibly succeed in changing basic societal structures. The treatise argues that properly defined social movements only emerged in modern times. The book covers a large ground, analyzing the external and internal activities of social movements, the role of different kinds of opportunities and restrictions, collective identities and framing, organizing, networking, and strategizing. It parses the complexity of social movements that have a status as both actors and systems, and whose logic cannot be reduced to either strategic or communicative action.
Anticommunism in French Politics and Society, 1945–1953
Authors: Clift Aaron 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter contextualizes anticommunism in the postwar French political, social, and economic environment. It discusses the strength and character of French communism, to which anticommunists responded. Furthermore, it outlines some of the major issues which structured reactions to communism and anticommunism, including postwar economic and social reconstruction, the politics of the Fourth Republic; the legacies of the Second World War, decolonization, anti-Americanism, religious developments, and gender. Throughout, the chapter discusses how previous historians have addressed these topics and how they relate to anticommunism.
L’Affaire Bertier
Authors: Clift Aaron 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter looks at anticommunism within the French scouting movement. Youth movements and education were inevitably arenas for political debate as rival forces battled to influence the values of the next generation. The scouts, as the largest youth movement in France, were no exception. The postwar period saw conflict over the place of communism and anticommunism in the movement in ‘l’affaire Bertier’, in which an ex-leader accused his former organization of having been infiltrated by communists. This incident illuminates connections between anticommunism and anxieties concerning patriotism, imperialism, gender, and urbanization, as well as the roles of religion and experiences of the Second World War in structuring reactions to communism and anticommunism.
Nobeyama 45 m CO J = 1–0 observations of luminous type 1 AGNs at z ≈ 0.3
Authors: Michiyama Tomonari , Zhuang Ming-Yang , Shangguan Jinyi , Yesuf Hassen M , Kaneko Hiroyuki , Ho Luis C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We have performed CO J = 1–0 observations of 10 galaxies hosting luminous (Lbol &gt; 1046 erg s−1) type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with the Nobeyama 45 m radio telescope. The targets are selected because they are expected to be rich in molecular gas based on their high nebular dust extinction (AV). However, no significant CO emission lines were detected in any of the targets. The upper limits of the CO J = 1–0 luminosities are lower than expected given the molecular gas mass inferred from the nebular AV. This inconsistency may be due to overestimated AV values due to the lack of stellar absorption correction. Considering more reliable AV values, the CO J = 1–0 non-detections by Nobeyama 45 m are natural. This suggests that our results do not contradict the conversion methods from AV to molecular gas mass proposed in the literature. This survey suggests that careful AV measurements as well as CO observations are still needed to improve the measurements or estimates of the molecular gas content of galaxies hosting luminous AGNs.
MYB-bHLH-TTG1 in a Multi-tiered Pathway Regulates Arabidopsis Seed Coat Mucilage Biosynthesis Genes Including PECTIN METHYLESTERASE INHIBITOR14 Required for Homogalacturonan Demethylesterification
Authors: Allen Patrick J , Napoli Ross S , Parish Roger W , Li Song Feng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
MYB-bHLH-TTG1 (MBW) transcription factor (TF) complexes regulate Arabidopsis seed coat biosynthesis pathways via a multi-tiered regulatory mechanism. The MYB genes include MYB5, MYB23 and TRANSPARENT TESTA2 (TT2), which regulate GLABRA2 (GL2), HOMEODOMAIN GLABROUS2 (HDG2) and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2 (TTG2). Here, we examine the role of PECTIN METHYLESTERASE INHIBITOR14 (PMEI14) in seed coat mucilage pectin methylesterification and provide evidence in support of multi-tiered regulation of seed coat mucilage biosynthesis genes including PMEI14. The PMEI14 promoter was active in the seed coat and developing embryo. A pmei14 mutant exhibited stronger attachment of the outer layer of seed coat mucilage, increased mucilage homogalacturonan demethylesterification and reduced seed coat radial cell wall thickness, results consistent with decreased PMEI activity giving rise to increased PME activity. Reduced mucilage release from the seeds of myb5, myb23, tt2 and gl2, hdg2, ttg2 triple mutants indicated that HDG2 and MYB23 play minor roles in seed coat mucilage deposition. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis found that MYB5, TT8 and seven mucilage pathway structural genes are directly regulated by MYB5. Expression levels of GL2, HDG2, TTG2 and nine mucilage biosynthesis genes including PMEI14 in the combinatorial mutant seeds indicated that these genes are positively regulated by at least two of those six TFs and that TTG1 and TTG2 are major regulators of PMEI14 expression. Our results show that MYB-bHLH-TTG1 complexes regulate mucilage biosynthesis genes, including PMEI14, both directly and indirectly via a three-tiered mechanism involving GL2, HDG2 and TTG2.
Speaking good to power: repositioning global policy advice through normative framing
Authors: Pal Leslie A 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe delegitimization of policy advice has generated a defensive response that combines an assertion of the superior scientific character of expertise with a forthright affirmation of social and political values. This more value-driven discourse of policy expertise is examined with the case study of the Global Solutions Summit/World Policy Forum, launched in 2017 to support the Think20 network of global policy advisors supporting the G20 meetings under the German presidency. The Global Solutions Summit has evolved into a more policy-wonkish version of the World Economic Forum held annually in Davos and now is a switching point of global policy advice for the G7 as well. Through participant observation and an analysis of the proceedings of the annual summits since 2017, the article shows a distinctive configuration of normatively framed policy advice designed to overcome the social and political pathologies that have been the foundation of populist critiques of policy expertise.
Higgs portal majorana fermionic dark matter with the freeze-in mechanism
Authors: Ikemoto Junpei , Haba Naoyuki , Yasuhiro Shimizu , Yamada Toshifumi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We consider a minimal model of fermionic dark matter (DM), in which the Majorana fermion DM χ couples with the Standard Model (SM) Higgs field H through a higher-dimensional term $-{\cal L}\supset H^\dagger H \bar{\chi }\chi /\Lambda$, where Λ is the cutoff scale. We assume that Λ is sufficiently large that DM particles are not in thermal equilibrium with the SM particles throughout the history of the universe. Hence, DM particles are produced only by the freeze-in mechanism. Through a numerical analysis of the freeze-in mechanism, we show contour plots of the DM relic abundance for various values of the DM mass, reheating temperature, and the cutoff scale. We obtain an upper bound of the DM mass and cutoff scale from contour plots on the (mχ, Λ)-plane. We also consider direct DM detection for the parameter regions where the DM relic abundance is consistent with the experimental values. We find that the spin-independent cross section for the elastic scattering with a nucleon is below the current experimental upper bound.
Scalar polarization window in gravitational-wave signals
Authors: Takeda Hiroki , Manita Yusuke , Omiya Hidetoshi , Tanaka Takahiro 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Scalar polarization modes of gravitational waves, which are often introduced in the context of the viable extension of gravity, have been actively searched for. However, couplings of the scalar modes to matter are strongly constrained by fifth-force experiments. Thus, the amplitude of scalar polarization in the observed gravitational-wave signal must be significantly suppressed compared to that of the tensor modes. Here, we discuss the implications of the experiments in the solar system on the detectability of scalar modes in gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences, taking into account the whole processes from the generation to the observation of gravitational waves. We first claim that the energy carried by the scalar modes at the generation is, at most, that of the tensor modes from the observed phase evolution of the inspiral gravitational waves. Next, we formulate general gravitational-wave propagation and point out that the energy flux hardly changes through propagation as long as the background changes slowly compared to the wavelength of the propagating waves. Finally, we show that the possible magnitude of scalar polarization modes detected by ground-based gravitational-wave telescopes is already severely constrained by the existing gravity tests in the solar system.
Patient exposure during videofluoroscopic swallowing studies performed by speech-language pathologists
Authors: Tsalafoutas Ioannis A , AlKhazzam Shady , Hussain Mohammed S , Omar Ahmed J , Bawazir Salwa S , AlHamad Suad A , AlNaemi Huda , Kharita Mohammad H 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSSs) are fluoroscopic examinations performed by speech and language pathologists (SLPs), for the evaluation of the oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing, in patients who are diagnosed with symptoms like dysphagia and speech impairment. The study was focused on the evaluation of the patient doses from VFSS performed at Hamad Medical Corporation hospitals. Data on the patient exposure and examination parameters were extracted from the Radiation Dose Monitoring system, statistically analysed and compared with literature. For adult patients, the mean (median) values for fluoroscopy time and kerma-air product were 2.8 (2.7) min and 181 (144) cGycm2, respectively. For children, the respective mean (median) values were 2.6 (2.4) min and 15.3 (9.2) cGycm2. The results of the study indicate that the VFSS are performed by well-trained health professionals, and as a result, image quality sufficient for a confident diagnosis is obtained at relatively low dose levels.
The family web: Multigenerational class persistence in elite populations
Authors: O’Brien Shay 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article introduces the first-ever full kinship network of an upper-class population in a US city (n = 12 273). Multigenerational class transmission models tend to conceptualize families as father–son chains, especially for the upper class, but I systematically include women, finding that nearly 70% of Dallas high society from 1895 to 1945 was related in a single web encompassing most of the city’s wealthy, powerful, and high-status people. Because elites did not always have sons, nearly three times more families persisted over the 50-year period than patrilineal measures would suggest. Almost all persistent families connected to the web, and they connected more deeply than non-persistent families. Three case studies demonstrate that women and kin ties beyond the patrilineage frequently drove elite family persistence. Upper-class populations are best understood not as collections of distinct dynasties that live or die with the success of sons, but as complex, durable family webs.
Intraoperative Methadone in Next-day Discharge Outpatient Surgery: A Randomized, Double-blinded, Dose-finding Pilot Study
Authors: Kharasch Evan D. , Brunt L. Michael , Blood Jane , Komen Helga 
Published: June 2023

Background
Contemporary perioperative practice seeks to use less intraoperative opioid, diminish postoperative pain and opioid use, and enable less postdischarge opioid prescribing. For inpatient surgery, anesthesia with intraoperative methadone, compared with short-duration opioids, results in less pain, less postoperative opioid use, and greater patient satisfaction. This pilot investigation aimed to determine single-dose intraoperative methadone feasibility for next-day discharge outpatient surgery, determine an optimally analgesic and well-tolerated dose, and explore whether methadone would result in less postoperative opioid use compared with conventional short-duration opioids.

Methods
This double-blind, randomized, dose-escalation feasibility and pilot study in next-day discharge surgery compared intraoperative single-dose IV methadone (0.1 then 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3 mg/kg ideal body weight) versus as-needed short-duration opioid (fentanyl, hydromorphone) controls. Perioperative opioid use, pain, and side effects were assessed before discharge. Patients recorded pain, opioid use, and side effects for 30 days postoperatively using take-home diaries. Primary clinical outcome was in-hospital (intraoperative and postoperative) opioid use. Secondary outcomes were 30-day opioid consumption, pain, opioid side effects, and leftover opioid counts.

Results
Median (interquartile range) intraoperative methadone doses were 6 (5 to 7), 11 (10 to 12), 14 (13 to 16), and 18 (15 to 19) mg in 0.1, 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3 mg/kg ideal body weight groups, respectively. Anesthesia with single-dose methadone and propofol or volatile anesthetic was effective. Total in-hospital opioid use (IV milligram morphine equivalents [MME]) was 25 (20 to 37), 20 (13 to 30), 27 (18 to 32), and 25 (20 to 36) mg, respectively, in patients receiving 0.1, 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3 mg/kg methadone, compared to 46 (33 to 59) mg in short-duration opioid controls. Opioid-related side effects were not numerically different. Home pain and opioid use were numerically lower in patients receiving methadone.

Conclusions
The most effective and well-tolerated single intraoperative induction dose of methadone for next-day discharge surgery was 0.25 mg/kg ideal body weight (median, 14 mg). Single-dose intraoperative methadone was analgesic and opioid-sparing in next-day discharge outpatient surgery.

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Bipolar Fusionless Versus Standard Fusion Surgery in Neuromuscular Scoliosis
Authors: Vergillos-Luna Manuel , Alhada Toulla , Oborocianu Ioana , Miladi Lotfi , Monticone Marco , Rampal Virginie , Saint-Pol Anne-Laure , Bertoncelli Carlo M. , Boissière Louis , Solla Federico 
Published: June 2023

Study Design:
Nonrandomized controlled cohort.

Objective:
To compare early results between bipolar fusionless construct (BFC) and single posterior fusion (SPF) surgery in neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS).

Background:
Surgical treatments for NMS have traditionally been characterized by high complication rates. A mini-invasive BFC was developed to reduce these risks while maintaining adequate curve reduction. There is, however, a current lack of studies comparing clinical and radiologic perioperative outcomes between both techniques.

Methods:
All patients surgically treated for NMS with to-pelvis construct between 2011 and 2021 at 2 centers were included and divided into 2 groups according to the surgical technique (BFC or SPF). Gender, age, main deformity region, etiology, preoperative and postoperative main curve magnitude and pelvic obliquity, surgery time, estimated blood loss and transfusion rates, length of hospital stay, the magnitude of main curve and pelvic obliquity correction, and early complications were compared. Quantitative data were compared through ANOVA or Mann-Whitney test. Analysis of qualitative outcomes was performed through Fisher exact test and logistic regressions. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare complications between groups.

Results:
Eighty-nine NMS patients were included: 48 in the SPF group and 41 in the BFC group. Surgery time (203 vs. 241 min), rate (32 vs. 52%) and severity of complications, unplanned returns to the operating room (15 vs. 39%), estimated blood loss (179 vs. 364 cc), and transfusion rates (27 vs. 73%) were lower in the BFC group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in age, maturity stage, preoperative curve magnitude, preoperative pelvic obliquity and postoperative curve, and pelvic obliquity correction between groups.

Conclusions:
BFC may be a safer and less invasive option for NMS surgical treatment, resulting in similar curve corrections while significantly decreasing the number and severity of complications as well as intraoperative blood loss when compared with SPF.

Level of evidence:
Level —lll.
Two-pin Posterior Tuberosity to Medial Wall Reduction Technique in Calcaneal Fracture Using Sinus Tarsi Approach
Authors: Sockalingam Navindravadhanam , Leow Voon Chin , Balakrishnan Theenesh T. , Eo Chun Keat , Thiruselvam Tharumaraja 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
The purpose of this study was to describe a novel technique in the surgical treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures using 2 Schanz pins to reduce the posterior tuberosity to the medial wall (constant fragment) and correcting the varus malalignment while using the sinus tarsi approach.

Materials and Methods:
Twelve patients with calcaneal fractures Sanders type 2 and 3 underwent surgical fixation using this technique at our center from January 2021 to September 2021. One Schanz pin was inserted into the constant fragment and another one was inserted into the posterior tuberosity from lateral to medial. By holding the 2 pins the fracture fragments were first disengaged by applying a distraction force. The heel was then brought out of varus by a combination of maneuvres. The posterior calcaneal tuberosity pin was pushed medially and then the 2 pins were held together with one hand. The ankle was then dorsiflexed to lock the reduction. Harris heel views were taken to ensure reduction.

Results:
The mean Bohler angle improved from 7.5 degrees preoperatively to 29 degrees postoperatively. The mean Visual Analog Scale was 2.3 out of 10 at 6 months’ follow-up. None of the patients had wound complications, sural nerve neuropraxia, or revision surgery due to malreduction.

Discussion:
The 2-pin posterior tuberosity to medial wall reduction technique in calcaneal fractures using the sinus tarsi approach is a useful maneuver that can be used by orthopedic surgeons to correct the varus malalignment which is a frequent problem in calcaneal fracture fixation.
Clinical Application to Improve the “Depth Perception Problem” by Combining Augmented Reality and a 3D Printing Model
Authors: Katayama Misato , Mitsuno Daisuke , Ueda Koichi 
Published: June 2023

Background:
In our experience with intraoperative evaluation and educational application of augmented reality technology, an illusion of depth has been a major problem. To improve this depth perception problem, we conducted two experiments combining various three-dimensional models and holograms and the observation angles using an augmented reality device.

Methods:
In experiment 1, when observing holograms projected on the surface layer of the model (bone model) or holograms projected on a layer deeper than the model (body surface model), the observer’s first impression regarding which model made it easier to understand positional relationships was investigated. In experiment 2, to achieve a more quantitative evaluation, the observer was asked to measure the distance between two specific points on the surface and deep layers from two angles in each of the above combinations. Statistical analysis was performed on the measurement error for this distance.

Results:
In experiment 1, the three-dimensional positional relationships were easier to understand in the bone than in the body surface model. In experiment 2, there was not much difference in the measurement error under either condition, which was not large enough to cause a misunderstanding of the depth relationship between the surface and deep layers.

Conclusions:
Any combination can be used for preoperative examinations and anatomical study purposes. In particular, projecting holograms on a deep model or observing positional relationships from not only the operator’s viewpoint, but also multiple other angles is more desirable because it reduces confusion caused by the depth perception problem and improves understanding of anatomy.