bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Larval rockfish growth and survival in response to anomalous ocean conditions
Authors: Fennie H. William , Grorud-Colvert Kirsten , Sponaugle Su 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding how future ocean conditions will affect populations of marine species is integral to predicting how climate change will impact both ecosystem function and fisheries management. Fish population dynamics are driven by variable survival of the early life stages, which are highly sensitive to environmental conditions. As global warming generates extreme ocean conditions (i.e., marine heatwaves) we can gain insight into how larval fish growth and mortality will change in warmer conditions. The California Current Large Marine Ecosystem experienced anomalous ocean warming from 2014 to 2016, creating novel conditions. We examined the otolith microstructure of juveniles of the economically and ecologically important black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) collected from 2013 to 2019 to quantify the implications of changing ocean conditions on early growth and survival. Our results demonstrated that fish growth and development were positively related to temperature, but survival to settlement was not directly related to ocean conditions. Instead, settlement had a dome-shaped relationship with growth, suggesting an optimal growth window. Our results demonstrated that the dramatic change in water temperature caused by such extreme warm water anomalies increased black rockfish growth in the larval stage; however, without sufficient prey or with high predator abundance these extreme conditions contributed to reduced survival.
Cyanobacteria blooms induced precipitation of calcium carbonate and dissolution of silica in a subtropical lagoon, Florida Bay, USA
Authors: Zhang Jia-Zhong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, annual cyanobacteria blooms in Florida Bay displayed spatial and temporal patterns that are consistent with changes in alkalinity and dissolved silicon in water. In early summer, the blooms developed in the north–central bay and spread southward in fall. The blooms drew down dissolved inorganic carbon and increased water pH, causing in situ precipitation of calcium carbonate. Dissolved silicon concentrations in these waters were at minimum in spring (20–60 µM), increased during summer, and reached an annual maximum (100–200 µM) during late summer. The dissolution of silica as a result of high pH in bloom water was first observed in this study. During the peak of blooms, silica dissolution in Florida Bay varied from 0.9 × 107 to 6.9 × 107 mol per month over the study period, depending on the extent of cyanobacteria blooms in a given year. Concurrent calcium carbonate precipitations in the cyanobacteria bloom region are between 0.9 × 108 and 2.6 × 108 mol per month. It is estimated that 30–70% of atmospheric CO2 uptake in bloom waters was precipitated as calcium carbonate mineral and remainders of CO2 influx were used for the production of biomass.
Understanding the effect of component proportions on disease control in two-component cultivar cereal mixtures using a pathogen dispersal scaling hypothesis
Authors: Newton Adrian C. , Skelsey Peter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA field experiment was carried out to determine the importance of component cultivar proportions to spring barley mixture efficacy against rhynchosporium or scald symptoms caused by the splash-dispersed pathogen Rhynchosporium commune. A larger effect than expected was observed of small amounts of one component on another for reducing disease overall, but relative insensitivity to proportion as amounts of each component become more similar. An established theoretical framework, the ‘Dispersal scaling hypothesis’, was used to model the expected effect of mixing proportions on the spatiotemporal spread of disease. The model captured the unequal effect of mixing different proportions on disease spread and there was good agreement between predictions and observations. The dispersal scaling hypothesis therefore provides a conceptual framework to explain the observed phenomenon, and a tool to predict the proportion of mixing at which mixture performance is maximized.
Uranium oxides structural transformation in human body liquids
Authors: Poliakova Tatiana , Krot Anna , Trigub Alexander , Nevolin Iurii , Averin Alexey , Yapaskurt Vasiliy , Vlasova Irina , Matveev Petr , Kalmykov Stepan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUranium oxide microparticles ingestion is one of the potential sources of internal radiation doses to the humans at accidental or undesirable releases of radioactive materials. It is important to predict the obtained dose and possible biological effect of these microparticles by studying uranium oxides transformations in case of their ingestion or inhalation. Using a combination of methods, a complex examination of structural changes of uranium oxides in the range from UO2 to U4O9, U3O8 and UO3 as well as before and after exposure of uranium oxides in simulated biological fluids: gastro-intestinal and lung—was carried out. Oxides were thoroughly characterized by Raman and XAFS spectroscopy. It was determined that the duration of expose has more influence on all oxides transformations. The greatest changes occurred in U4O9, that transformed into U4O9-y. UO2.05 and U3O8 structures became more ordered and UO3 did not undergo significant transformation.
Numerical simulation of laser-produced plasma expansion on a droplet surface
Authors: Zhao Zhenyu , Li Weizhong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, a numerical model of the plasma expansion on a droplet surface based on the initial plasma method was proposed. The initial plasma was obtained through the pressure inlet boundary condition, and the effect of ambient pressure on the initial plasma and adiabatic expansion of the plasma on the droplet surface, including the effect on the velocity and temperature distribution, were investigated. The simulation results showed that the ambient pressure decreased, leading to an increase in the expansion rate and temperature, and therefore a larger plasma size was formed. Plasma expansion creates a backward driving force and eventually envelops the entire droplet, indicating a significant difference compared to planar targets.
Interplay between hopping dimerization and quasi-periodicity on flux-driven circular current in an incommensurate Su–Schrieffer–Heeger ring
Authors: Roy Souvik , Ganguly Sudin , Maiti Santanu K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe report for the first time the phenomenon of flux-driven circular current in an isolated Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) quantum ring in presence of cosine modulation in the form of the Aubry–André–Harper (AAH) model. The quantum ring is described within a tight-binding framework, where the effect of magnetic flux is incorporated through Peierls substitution. Depending on the arrangements of AAH site potentials we have two different kinds of ring systems that are referred to as staggered and non-staggered AAH SSH rings. The interplay between the hopping dimerization and quasiperiodic modulation leads to several new features in the energy band spectrum and persistent current which we investigate critically. An atypical enhancement of current with increasing AAH modulation strength is obtained that gives a clear signature of transition from a low conducting phase to a high conducting one. The specific roles of AAH phase, magnetic flux, electron filling, intra- and inter-cell hopping integrals, and ring size are discussed thoroughly. We also study the effect of random disorder on persistent current with hopping dimerization to compare the results with the uncorrelated ones. Our analysis can be extended further in studying magnetic responses of similar kinds of other hybrid systems in presence of magnetic flux.
Contractility-induced self-organization of smooth muscle cells: from multilayer cell sheets to dynamic three-dimensional clusters
Authors: Wang Xiuyu , Gonzalez-Rodriguez David , Vourc’h Thomas , Silberzan Pascal , Barakat Abdul I. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSmooth muscle cells (SMCs) are mural cells that play a vital contractile function in many tissues. Abnormalities in SMC organization are associated with many diseases including atherosclerosis, asthma, and uterine fibroids. Various studies have reported that SMCs cultured on flat surfaces can spontaneously form three-dimensional clusters whose organization resembles that encountered in some of these pathological settings. Remarkably, how these structures form remains unknown. Here we combine in vitro experiments and physical modeling to show that three-dimensional clusters initiate when cellular contractile forces induce a hole in a flat SMC sheet, a process that can be modeled as the brittle fracture of a viscoelastic material. The subsequent evolution of the nascent cluster can be modeled as an active dewetting process with cluster shape evolution driven by a balance between cluster surface tension, arising from both cell contractility and adhesion, and cluster viscous dissipation. The description of the physical mechanisms governing the spontaneous emergence of these intriguing three-dimensional clusters may offer insight into SMC-related disorders.
Human parasagittal dura is a potential neuroimmune interface
Authors: Melin Erik , Ringstad Geir , Valnes Lars Magnus , Eide Per Kristian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractParasagittal dura (PSD) is located on both sides of the superior sagittal sinus and harbours arachnoid granulations and lymphatic vessels. Efflux of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to human PSD has recently been shown in vivo. Here we obtain PSD volumes from magnetic resonance images in 76 patients under evaluation for CSF disorders and correlate them to age, sex, intracranial volumes, disease category, sleep quality, and intracranial pressure. In two subgroups, we also analyze tracer dynamics and time to peak tracer level in PSD and blood. PSD volume is not explained by any single assessed variable, but tracer level in PSD is strongly associated with tracer in CSF and brain. Furthermore, peak tracer in PSD occurs far later than peak tracer in blood, implying that PSD is no major efflux route for CSF. These observations may indicate that PSD is more relevant as a neuroimmune interface than as a CSF efflux route.
Variable switching frequency PWM for quasi‐Z‐Source inverter based on DC current ripple prediction
Authors: Liu Xin , Huang Zhenbin , Wang Litong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHerein, a variable switching frequency pulse width (VSFPWM) modulation strategy for quasi‐Z‐source inverter (qZSI) based on a recently proposed modulation method, named as ZSVM8, is proposed. The formulae of quasi‐Z‐source inverter inductor current ripple of ZSVM8 are deduced in detail, and a prediction model for the current ripple is obtained. Combining with the VSFPWM technique, an improved modulation method named ZSVM8 VSFPWM is proposed to further reduce the switching times without increasing the maximum inductor current ripple. As a result, the switching losses can be reduced compared with the conventional ZSVM8. Besides, ZSVM8 VSFPWM also suppresses electromagnetic interference noise, such as current EMI and common‐mode voltage. Simulations and hardware experimental results are implemented to verify the efficacies of the proposed modulation method.
Preventive frequency control of a microgrid with deloaded wind turbines using analytical frequency predictor and a PSO‐based pitch angle optimizer
Authors: Luo Guo‐Tai , Xiao Li‐Quan , Huang Yu‐Jia , Hsu Yuan‐Yih 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMicrogrids that rely heavily on photovoltaic (PV) and wind generation are vulnerable to frequency dips under severe weather conditions. This paper presents a preventive frequency control strategy to avoid under‐frequency load‐shedding due to drastic changes in renewable power generation and load. An analytical frequency predictor based on series expansion of matrix exponential is first presented to estimate future system frequency accurately in an efficient manner. When there is risk that future system frequency will drop to a level below the under‐frequency threshold, the pitch angle is increased in advance according to a trapezoidal pitch angle command such that mechanical energy can be stored in the de‐loaded wind turbine. The reserved mechanical energy is released later on to improve future frequency nadir to a level above the under‐frequency threshold. The parameters for the trapezoidal pitch angle command such as time and maximum pitch angle are determined using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Results from MATLAB/Simulink simulations demonstrated the accuracy of the proposed analytical frequency predictor and the effectiveness of the proposed preventive frequency controller in avoiding future under‐frequency load‐shedding.
Transient obscuration event captured in NGC 3227
Authors: Grafton-Waters S. , Mao J. , Mehdipour M. , Branduardi-Raymont G. , Page M. , Kaastra J. , Wang Y. , Pinto C. , Kriss G. A. , Walton D. J. , Petrucci P.-O. , Ponti G. , De Marco B. , Bianchi S. , Behar E. , Ebrero J. 
Published: March 2023

Context. Obscuration events in type I active galactic nuclei (AGN) have been detected more frequently in recent years. The strong flux decrease in the soft X-ray band between observations has been caused by clouds with large column densities transiting our line of sight (LOS) and covering the central AGN. Another event has been captured in NGC 3227 at the end of 2019, which was observed with XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and the Hubble Space Telescope.
Aims. We aim to determine the nature and origin of the observed spectral variability in the 2019 obscuration event.
Methods. We study the evolution of the obscurer by splitting the two XMM-Newton observations from 2019 into timing bins of length ∼10 ks. We used the SPEX code to analyse the 0.35–10 keV EPIC-PN spectra of each timing bin.
Results. In the first observation (Obs 1), there is a strong anti-correlation between the column density (NH) of the obscurer and the continuum normalisations of the X-ray power law and soft Comptonisation components (Npow and Ncomt, respectively). The power-law continuum models the hard X-rays produced by the corona, and the Comptonisation component models the soft X-ray excess and emission from the accretion disk. Through further testing, we conclude that the continuum is likely to drive the observed variability, but we cannot rule out a possible contribution from NH of the obscurer if it fully transverses across the ionising source within our LOS during the observation. The ionisation parameter (ξ) of the obscurer is not easily constrained, and therefore it is not clear whether it varies in response to changes in the ionising continuum. The second observation (Obs 2) displays a significantly lower count rate due to the combination of a high NH and covering fraction of the obscurer, and a lower continuum flux.
Conclusions. The observed variability seen during the obscuration event of NGC 3227 in 2019 is likely driven by the continuum, but the obscurer varies at the same time, making it difficult to distinguish between the two possibilities with full certainty.
Topology of reionisation times: Concepts, measurements, and comparisons to Gaussian random field predictions
Authors: Thélie Emilie , Aubert Dominique , Gillet Nicolas , Hiegel Julien , Ocvirk Pierre 
Published: March 2023

Context.In the next decade, radio telescopes, such as the Square Kilometer Array (SKA), will explore the Universe at high redshift, and particularly during the epoch of reionisation (EoR). The first structures emerged during this epoch, and their radiation reionised the previously cold and neutral gas of the Universe, creating ionised bubbles that percolate at the end of the EoR (z ∼ 6). SKA will produce 2D images of the distribution of the neutral gas at many redshifts, pushing us to develop tools and simulations to understand its properties.Aims.With this paper, we aim to measure topological statistics of the EoR in the so-called reionisation time fields from both cosmological and semi-analytical simulations. This field informs us about the time of reionisation of the gas at each position; it is used to probe the inhomogeneities of reionisation histories and can be extracted from 21 cm maps. We also compare these measurements with analytical predictions obtained within Gaussian random field (GRF) theory.Methods.The GRF theory allows us to compute many statistics of a field, namely the probability distribution functions (PDFs) of the field or its gradient, isocontour length, critical point distributions, and skeleton length. We compare these theoretical predictions to measurements made on reionisation time fields extracted from anEMMAsimulation and a21cmFASTsimulation at 1 cMpc/h resolution. We also compared our results to GRFs generated from the fitted power spectra of the simulation maps.Results.BothEMMAand21cmFASTreionisation time fields (treion(r)) are close to being Gaussian fields, in contrast with the 21 cm, density, or ionisation fraction, which have all been shown to be non-Gaussian. Only accelerating ionisation fronts at the end of the EoR seem to be the cause of small non-gaussianities intreion(r). Overall, this topological description of reionisation times provides a new quantitative and reproducible way to characterise the EoR scenario. Under the assumption of GRFs, it enables the generation of reionisation models with their propagation, percolation, or seed statistics simply from the reionisation time power spectrum. Conversely, these topological statistics provide a means to constrain the properties of the power spectrum and by extension the physics that drive the propagation of radiation.
Dynamical evolution of basaltic asteroids outside the Vesta family in the inner main belt
Authors: Troianskyi Volodymyr , Kankiewicz Paweł , Oszkiewicz Dagmara 
Published: March 2023

Context. Basaltic V-type asteroids are leftovers from the formation and evolution of differentiated planetesimals. They are thought to originate from mantles and crusts of multiple different parent bodies. Identifying the links between individual V-type asteroids and multiple planetesimals is challenging, especially in the inner part of the main asteroid belt, where the majority of V-type asteroids are expected to have originated from a single planetesimal, namely, (4) Vesta.
Aims. In this work, we aim to trace the origin of a number of individual V-type asteroids from the inner part of the main asteroid belt. The main goal is to identify asteroids that may not be traced back to (4) Vesta and may therefore originate from other differentiated planetesimals.
Methods. We performed a 2 Gyr backward numerical integration of the orbits of the selected V-type asteroids. For each asteroid, we used 1001 clones to map the effect of orbital uncertainties. In the integration, we use information on physical properties of the considered V-type asteroids such as pole orientation, rotational period, and thermal parameters.
Results. The majority of the studied objects can be traced back to the Vesta family within 2 Gyr of integration. The number of objects of the low-inclination V-types did not reach the boundary of the Vesta family during the integration time. Two asteroids, namely, (3307) Athabasca and (17028) 1999 FJ5, do not show a dynamic link to (4) Vesta. Increasing the integration time for these objects leads to further separation from (4) Vesta.
Conclusions. The majority of V-types in the inner main belt outside the Vesta family are clearly Vesta fugitives. Two objects, namely, (3307) Athabasca and (17028) 1999 FJ5, show no clear dynamical link to (4) Vesta. Together with (809) Lundia (from our previous work), these objects could represent the parent bodies of anomalous HED meteorites such as the Banbura Rockhole. Furthermore, some objects of the low-inclination population cannot be traced back to (4) Vesta within the 2 Gyr integration.
Packed Red Blood Cell Transfusion as a Predictor of Moderate–Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Comparative Cohort Study of Very Preterm Infants
Authors: Bolat Fatih , Dursun Mesut , Sarıaydın Mehmet 
Published: March 2023

Objective Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units. Our aim was to evaluate association between packed red blood cell transfusion and the development of BPD in very preterm infants.
Study Design This retrospective study of very preterm infants (mean gestational age: 27.1 ± 2.4 weeks, birth weight: 970 ± 271 g) was conducted at Biruni University (Turkey) between July 2016 and December 2020.
Results BPD developed in 107 of the 246 enrolled neonates, including 47 (43.9%), 27 (25.3%), and 33 (30.8%) diagnosed with mild, moderate, and severe BPD, respectively. A total of 728 transfusions were administered. The increased number (4 transfusions [2–7] vs. 1 [1–3], p = 0.001) and volume of transfusions (75 mL/kg volume [40–130] vs. 20 [15–43], p = 0.001) were significantly higher in infants with BPD compared to those without BPD. The transfusion volume cut-off for the prediction of BPD by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was 42 mL/kg (sensitivity 73.6%; specificity 75%; area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve: 0.82). In multivariate analysis, multiple transfusions and larger transfusion volume were independent risk factors for moderate–severe BPD.
Conclusion The increased number and volume of transfusions were associated with BPD in very preterm infants. A packed red blood cell transfusion volume ≥42 mL/kg was a statistically significant predictor of the development of BPD at a postmenstrual age of 36 weeks.
Key Points
Systematic Review of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Outcomes in Pregnancy and a Proposed Management Guideline
Authors: Champion Macie L. , Maier Julia G. , Bushman Elisa T. , Barney Joseph B. , Casey Brian M. , Sinkey Rachel G. 
Published: March 2023

Objective Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, multisystem disease that primarily affects women of reproductive age. Disease progression has been linked to estrogen exposure, and as such many patients are advised to avoid pregnancy. Data are limited regarding the interaction between LAM and pregnancy, and as such we performed a systematic review to summarize available literature reporting outcomes of pregnancies complicated by maternal LAM.
Study Design This was a systematic review including randomized controlled trials, observational studies, systematic reviews, case reports, clinical practice guidelines, and quality improvement studies with full-text manuscripts or abstracts in the English language with primary data on pregnant or postpartum patients with LAM. The primary outcome was maternal outcomes during pregnancy as well as pregnancy outcomes. Secondary outcomes were neonatal outcomes and long-term maternal outcomes. This search occurred in July 2020 and included MEDLINE, Scopus, clinicaltrials.gov, Embase, and Cochrane Central. Risk of bias was ascertained using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Our systematic review was registered with PROSPERO as protocol number CRD 42020191402.
Results A total of 175 publications were identified in our initial search; ultimately 31 studies were included. Six (19%) studies were retrospective cohort studies and 25 (81%) studies were case reports. Patients diagnosed during pregnancy had worse pregnancy outcomes compared to those diagnosed with LAM prior to pregnancy. Multiple studies reported a significant risk of pneumothoraces during pregnancy. Other significant risks included preterm delivery, chylothoraces, and pulmonary function deterioration. A proposed strategy for preconception counseling and antenatal management is provided.
Conclusion Patients diagnosed with LAM during pregnancy generally experience worse outcomes including recurrent pneumothoraces and preterm delivery as compared to patients with a LAM diagnosis prior to pregnancy. Given that there are limited studies available, and that the majority are low-quality evidence and subject to bias, further investigation of the interaction between LAM and pregnancy is warranted to guide patient care and counseling.
Key Points