bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of longitudinal BMI percentile classification patterns in early childhood with neighborhood-level social determinants of health
Authors: Gupta Mehak , Phan Thao-Ly T. , Lê-Scherban Félice , Eckrich Daniel , Bunnell H. Timothy , Beheshti Rahmatollah 
Published: June 2023

SummaryBackgroundUnderstanding social determinants of health (SDOH) that may be risk factors for childhood obesity is important to developing targeted interventions to prevent obesity. Prior studies have examined these risk factors, mostly examining obesity as a static outcome variable.MethodsWe extracted EHR data from 2012-2019 for a children’s health system that includes 2 hospitals and wide network of outpatient clinics spanning 5 East Coast states in the US. Using data-driven and algorithmic clustering, we have identified distinct BMI-percentile classification groups in children from 0 to 7 years of age. We used two separate algorithmic clustering methods to confirm the robustness of the identified clusters. We used multinomial logistic regression to examine the associations between clusters and 27 neighborhood SDOHs and compared positive and negative SDOH characteristics separately.ResultsFrom the cohort of 36,910 children, five BMI-percentile classification groups emerged: always having obesity (n=429; 1.16%), overweight most of the time (n=15,006; 40.65%), increasing BMI-percentile (n=9,060; 24.54%), decreasing BMI-percentile (n=5,058; 13.70%), and always normal weight (n=7,357; 19.89%). Compared to children in the decreasing BMI-percentile and always normal weight groups, children in the other three groups were more likely to live in neighborhoods with higher poverty, unemployment, crowded households, single-parent households, and lower preschool enrollment.ConclusionsNeighborhood-level SDOH factors have significant associations with children’s BMI-percentile classification and changes in classification. This highlights the need to develop tailored obesity interventions for different groups to address the barriers faced by communities that can impact the weight and health of children living within them.Impact StatementThis study demonstrates the association between longitudinal BMI-percentile patterns and SDOH in early childhood. Five distinct clusters with different BMI-percentile trajectories are found and a strong association between these clusters and SDOH is observed. Our findings highlight the importance of targeted prevention and treatment interventions based on children’s SDOH.
The Mediterranean Diet Scale (MDS): translation and validation of the Arabic version
Authors: Aljehani Raghdah , Aljehani Ghaidaa , Alharazi Hanaa , Horta Paula M , Duarte Camila Kümmel , Ghisi. Gabriela Lima de Melo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe self-administered version of the Mediterranean Diet Scale (MDS) has been developed to test the inherent characteristics of this dietary pattern in a quick and simple way, due to the need of this assessment in the clinical and research setting. This study aimed to translate and psychometrically validate the self-administered MDS in Arabic (CRBS-A).MethodsThe original (English) version was originally translated to Arabic, followed by back-translation. Next, 10 healthcare providers, followed by 10 cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients rated the face and content validity (CV) of materials, providing input to improve cross-cultural applicability. Then, 200 patients from Saudi Arabia completed the questionnaire, of which factor structure, internal consistency, criterion and construct validity were assessed.ResultsContent and face validity was supported based on experts and patients’ reviews (ranges: CV scores 0.9-1.0/1.0 and clarity 3.5 to 4.5/5). Minor edits were made. Subsequent factor analysis revealed 4 factors consistent with the original version of the instrument, all internally consistent. Total CRBS-A α was 0.74. Criterion validity was confirmed by the significantly higher scores in patients who participated in CR. Construct validity was also established by significant associations between MDS scores and monthly family income, having the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome or with a history of valve repair or replacement, being obese or having dyslipidemia.ConclusionsOverall, these results confirm the validity and reliability of the MDS in Arabic-speaking patients.
Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries: a single-center retrospective study by sex and race
Authors: Esin Ghenekaro , Hsueh Christine , Breen Thomas , Gitto Mauro , Katz Miriam , Gulati Martha , Capers Quinn , Reynolds Harmony R. , Volgman Annabelle S. , Altin S. Elissa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA), there are limited patient-level data on outcomes by sex and race.ObjectiveAssess baseline demographics and 3-year outcomes by sex and race for MINOCA patients.MethodsPatients admitted to a single center with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2018, were identified by chart and angiographic review. The primary outcome was nonfatal MI with secondary outcomes including non-fatal cerebrovascular accident (CVA), chest pain readmission, and repeat coronary angiography.ResultsDuring the study period, 304 patients were admitted with MINOCA. The cohort was predominantly female (66.4%), and women were significantly older (64.6 vs. 59.2). One-sixth of the total population were Black patients, and nearly half of Black patients (47.2%) were male. Prior CVA (19.7%) and comorbid anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder (41.1%) were common. Rates of non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) were 6.3% without difference by sex or race. For secondary outcomes, rates of CVA were 1.7%, chest pain readmission were 22.4%, and repeat angiography were 8.9%. Men were significantly more likely to have repeat angiography (13.7% vs. 6.4%), and Black patients more likely to be readmitted for angina (34.0% vs. 19.1%). Over one-quarter of patients underwent repeat stress testing, with 8.9% ultimately undergoing repeat angiograms and low numbers (0.7%) undergoing revascularization. Men were more likely to be referred for a repeat angiogram (13.7% vs. 6.4%, p=0.035). In multivariate analysis, Black race (OR 2.31 [95% CI (1.06-5.03)] was associated with an increased risk of readmission for angina, while female sex was associated with decreased odds of repeat angiography (OR 0.36 [95% CI (0.14-0.90)] and current smoking was associated with increased odds of repeat angiography (OR 4.07 [95% CI (1.02-16.29)] along with hyperlipidemia (OR 4.65 [95% CI (1.22-17.7)].ConclusionWhite women presented more frequently with MINOCA than White men, however Black men are equally as affected as Black women. Rates of non-fatal MI were low without statistical difference by sex or race.
Implementation and effectiveness outcomes of Community Health Advocacy Teams to improve long-lasting insecticide net distribution and use in six districts in Ghana: a one-group pre-post-test study
Authors: Glozah Franklin N. , Tabong Philip Teg-Nefaah , Bazant Eva , Asampong Emmanuel , Hornuvo Ruby , Nwameme Adanna , Peprah Nana Yaw , Chandi Gloria M. , Adongo Philip Baba , Dako-Gyeke Phyllis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMalaria remains a leading cause of illness and death especially among children and pregnant women in Ghana. Despite the efforts made by the National Malaria Elimination Programme (NMEP), including distribution of Long-Lasting Insecticide Nets (LLIN) to households through periodic Point Mass Distribution (PMD) campaigns and continuous channels (antenatal, schools and postnatal), there is a gap between access and use of LLINs in Ghana. An effective and functional community-based group that would seek to improve the effectiveness of LLIN distribution before, during, after PMD Campaigns and continuous distribution at the community level could help address this gap. This paper assesses the implementation outcomes and short-term effectiveness of the pilot implementation of co-created community health advocacy teams (CHAT) intervention in Ghanaian communities to plan and implement campaigns to increase LLIN use. The study employed a one-group pre-post study design and measured implementation outcomes (acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility) and effectiveness outcomes (LLIN awareness, LLIN access, willingness to purchase LLIN, and LLIN use) among 800 community households. The CHAT intervention was implemented for four months across six districts in the Eastern and Volta regions of Ghana. The data were downloaded directly from REDCap and analyzed statistically (descriptive and McNemar test of association) using SPSS 22 software. After the implementation period, the majority of respondents in all six districts indicated that the CHAT intervention was acceptable (89.8%), appropriate (89.5%), and feasible (90%). Also, there was a significant association between baseline and end-line assessment on all four effectiveness outcome measures. Household members’ awareness of, access to, willingness to purchase, and use of LLINs increased significantly over the four-month period that the CHAT intervention was implemented. The study concludes that CHAT is an acceptable, appropriate, and feasible intervention for supporting the National Malaria Programme in LLIN PMD and for engaging in Social and Behaviour Change Communication activities through the continuous channels of distribution. Additionally, the CHAT demonstrates short-term effectiveness outcomes in terms of creating LLIN awareness, providing access to LLIN, and encouraging Ghanaian community members to be willing to purchase and use LLINs. Although the activities of CHAT members were largely voluntary, integration into the existing primary health care system will make it sustainable.
Airborne infection risk in venues with different ventilation strategies – a comparison between experimental, numerical and analytical approaches
Authors: Geisler S. Mareike , Lausch Kevin , Hehnen Felix , Schulz Isabell , Kertzscher Ulrich , Kriegel Martin , Paschereit Christian Oliver , Schimek Sebastian , Hasirci Ümit , Brockmann Gerrid , Moter Annette , Senftleben Karolin , Moritz Stefan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that reliable risk assessment of venues is still challenging and resulted in the indiscriminate closure of many venues worldwide. Therefore, this study used an experimental, numerical and analytical approach to investigate the airborne transmission risk potential of differently ventilated, sized and shaped venues. The data were used to assess the effect size of different mitigation measures and to develop recommendations.In general, positions in the near field of an emission source were at high risk in all ventilation systems studied, while the risk of infection from positions in the far field varied depending on the ventilation strategy. Occupancy rate, airflow rate, residence time, SARS-CoV-2 virus variants, a high activity level and face masks affected the individual and total infection risk in all venues. The total infection risk was lowest for the displacement ventilation case and highest for the naturally ventilated venue. Therefore, in our study, a properly designed displacement ventilation system is the most effective ventilation strategy to keep airborne transmission and the number of secondary cases low, compared to mixing or natural ventilation.
Heartbeat-evoked neural response abnormalities in generalized anxiety disorder during peripheral adrenergic stimulation
Authors: Verdonk Charles , Teed Adam R. , White Evan J. , Ren Xi , Stewart Jennifer L. , Paulus Martin P. , Khalsa Sahib S. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTHyperarousal symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are often incongruent with the observed physiological state, suggesting that abnormal processing of interoceptive signals is a characteristic feature of the disorder. To examine the neural mechanisms underlying interoceptive dysfunction in GAD, we evaluated whether adrenergic modulation of cardiovascular signaling differentially affects the heartbeat evoked potential (HEP), an electrophysiological marker of cardiac interoception, during concurrent electroencephalogram and functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) scanning. Intravenous infusions of the peripheral adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (0.5 and 2.0 micrograms, μg) were administered in a randomized, double-blinded and placebo-controlled fashion to dynamically perturb the cardiovascular system while recording the associated EEG-fMRI responses. During the 0.5 μg isoproterenol infusion, the GAD group (n=24) exhibited significantly larger changes in HEP amplitude in an opposite direction than the HC group (n=24). In addition, the GAD group showed significantly larger absolute HEP amplitudes than HC during saline infusions, when cardiovascular tone did not increase. No significant group differences in HEP amplitude were identified during the 2.0 μg isoproterenol infusion. Using analyzable blood oxygenation level dependent fMRI data from participants with concurrent EEG-fMRI data (21 GAD and 21 HC), we found that the aforementioned HEP effects were uncorrelated with fMRI signals in the insula, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, and somatosensory cortex, brain regions implicated in cardiac signal processing according to prior fMRI studies. These findings provide additional evidence of dysfunctional cardiac interoception in GAD and identify neural processes at the electrophysiological level that may be independent from blood oxygen level–dependent responses during peripheral adrenergic stimulation.
Efficacy of multilevel exercise programmes with different intensities on development and metabolic homeostasis in overweight and obese children: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhao Yimin , Liu Chao , Wang Jiaxing , Liu Yangong , Yu Haiyi , Chang Tianqi , Fan Chenyu , Wang Wenxiu , Li Yueying , Wang Hu , Xue Yuzhou , Zhao Wei , Ren Chuan , Cui Ligang , Feng Xinheng , Huang He , Fan Dongwei , Yao Xiang , Han Tongyan , Huang Tao , Xu Ming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of childhood obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide. Exercise has been suggested as the primary approach to manage body weight, but an effective exercise program tailored for school-age children is still lacking.ObjectiveThis trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of a novel multilevel (children, families, and schools)-coordinated exercise programmes with different intensities on adiposity and development among overweight and obese school-age children. It also aims to elucidate the complex interplays between the exercise interventions, multi-omic biomarkers, development, and metabolic homeostasis.MethodsThis is a multilevel –coordinated two-stage randomized double-blind controlled trial, comprising 366 overweight and obese children aged between 8 and 12 years from two elementary schools in Beijing, China. The novel multilevel exercise programs involve families and schools monitoring children’s exercise and diet via a specially designed smartphone application. The children will be randomly assigned to receive three school-based exercise programmes (exercise intervention stage), namely low-intensity exercise, moderate-intensity exercise, and intermittent vigorous exercise, for 12 weeks, followed by a 9-month post-intervention follow-up (follow-up stage). The primary outcomes of this trial are the changes in adiposity, development, and metabolic homeostasis during the two stages. The secondary outcomes include but are not restricted to genomics and changes in blood metabolomics, gut microbiota, and exercise performance.DiscussionThis trial has been approved by the ethics committee of Peking University Third Hospital (ethnic approval number 2021-283-08). The findings of this trial will help establish specialized multilevel coordinated school-based exercise programmes for overweight and obese school-age children in China and quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the efficacy of the novel interventions.Trial registrationThis trial was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier ofNCT04984005on July 21, 2021.
Neural signatures of visual awareness independent of post-perceptual processing
Authors: Cohen Michael A. , Dembski Cole , Ortego Kevin , Steinhibler Clay , Pitts Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhat are the neural processes associated with perceptual awareness that are distinct from pre-conscious sensory encoding and post-perceptual processes such as reporting an experience? Here, we used electroencephalography (EEG) and a no-report visual masking paradigm with parametric manipulations of stimulus visibility to search for neural signatures associated with perceptual awareness independent from both early sensory processing and subsequent reporting. Specifically, we manipulated the time between stimuli and subsequent masks in a linear manner (i.e., 17ms, 33ms, 50ms, 67ms, and 83ms) such that observers’ awareness of the stimuli increased in anon-linearfashion (i.e., stimuli were never seen at the two shortest time intervals, always seen at the two longest intervals, and seen approximately 50% of the time at the intermediate interval). Moreover, we manipulated the task across blocks to create separate report and no-report conditions. Overall, we found one neural signal that was closely associated with perceptual awareness, independent from the task: a fronto-central event-related potential (ERP), from ∼250-300ms, that we refer to as the N2. In contrast, earlier ERP signals were linked with the linear manipulation of stimulus strength regardless of visibility, while later candidate signatures, such as P3b and temporal generalization of decoding, were present in the report condition but absent in the no-report condition suggesting a closer association with task performance than perceptual awareness. Taken together, these findings inform current debates regarding theories of consciousness and offer new avenues for exploring the neural mechanisms supporting conscious processing.Significance statementWhat differentiates conscious and unconscious processing in the brain? Here, we identify an electrophysiological signature of perceptual awareness using a combination of visual psychophysics and electroencephalography (EEG). In addition, we used a newly developed “no-report” paradigm, in which observers did not report anything about their perceptual experience to separate neural signals associated with consciousness from those associated with the act of reporting (i.e., memory, motor planning, etc.). Using this no-report paradigm was critical because several other candidate signatures of conscious processing were present when observers reported their experiences but completely disappeared when observers did not report their experiences. These findings open the door to future research interested in the neural mechanisms associated of conscious processing.
Identifying gastric cancer molecular subtypes by integrating DNA-based hierarchical classification strategy and clinical stratification
Authors: Yang Binyu , Liu Siying , Xie Jiemin , Tang Xi , Guan Pan , Zhu Yifan , Xia Li C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundMolecular subtyping has been introduced to better understand the genetic landscape of gastric cancer (GC), but current subtyping methods only had limited success because of the mixed use of molecular features, a lack of strategy optimization, and the limited availability of GC samples. The community urgently calls for a precise, and easily adoptable subtyping method to enable DNA-based early screening and treatment.MethodsBased on TCGA subtypes, we developed a novel classifier, termed Hierarchical DNA-based Classifier for Gastric Cancer Molecular Subtyping (HCG), leveraging all DNA-level alterations as predictors, including gene mutations, copy number aberrations and methylations. By adding the closely related esophageal adenocarcinomas (EA) dataset, we expanded the TCGA GC dataset for training and testing HCG (n=453). We optimized HCG with three hierarchical strategies evaluated by their overall accuracy using Lasso-Logistic regression, and by their clinical stratification capacity using multivariate survival analysis. We used difference tests to identify subtype-specific DNA alteration biomarkers based on HCG defined subtypes.ResultsOur HCG classifier achieved an overall AUC score of 0.95 and significantly improved the clinical stratification of patients (overall p-value=0.032). 25 subtype-specific DNA alterations were identified by difference tests, including high level of mutations inSYNE1,ITGB4andCOL22A1genes for the MSI subtype, high level of methylations ofALS2CL,KIAA0406andRPRD1Bgenes for the EBV subtype.ConclusionsHCG is an accurate and robust classifier for DNA-based GC molecular subtyping with high-performing clinical stratification capacity. The training and test datasets and analysis programs of HCG are available athttps://github.com/labxscut/HCG.
Increasing the reliability of functional connectivity by predicting long-scan functional connectivity based on short-scan functional connectivity: model exploration, explanation, validation, and application
Authors: Hu Bo , Yu Ying , Li Yu-Ting , Wu Ke , Wang Xiao-Tian , Yan Lin-Feng , Wang Wen , Cui Guang-Bin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFunctional connectivity (FC) is a widely used imaging parameter of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, low reliability has been a concern among researchers, particularly in small-sample-size studies. Previous studies have shown that FC based on longer fMRI scans was more reliable, therefore, a feasible solution is to predict long-scan FCs using existing short-scan FCs. This study explored three different generalized linear models (GLMs) using the human connectome project (HCP) dataset. We found that the GLM based on individual short-scan FC could effectively predict long-scan individual FC value, while GLMs based on whole-brain FCs and dynamic FC performed better in predicting long-scan summed FC value of whole brain. The models were explained through visualization of weights in models. Besides, the differences in three GLMs could be explained as differences in distribution features of FC matrices predicted by them. Results were validated in different datasets, including the Consortium for Reliability and Reproducibility (CoRR) project and our local dataset. These models could be applied to improve the test-retest reliability of FC and to improve the performance of connectome-based predictive models (CPM). In conclusion, we developed three GLMs that could be used to predict long-scan FC from short-scan FC, and these models were robust across different datasets and could be applied to improve the test-retest reliability of FC and the performance of CPM.