bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliable bi-functional nickel-phosphate /TiO2 integration enables stable n-GaAs photoanode for water oxidation under alkaline condition
Authors: Arunachalam Maheswari , Kanase Rohini Subhash , Zhu Kai , Kang Soon Hyung 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHydrogen is one of the most widely used essential chemicals worldwide, and it is also employed in the production of many other chemicals, especially carbon-free energy fuels produced via photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. At present, gallium arsenide represents the most efficient photoanode material for PEC water oxidation, but it is known to either be anodically photocorroded or photopassivated by native metal oxides in the competitive reaction, limiting efficiency and stability. Here, we report chemically etched GaAs that is decorated with thin titanium dioxide (~30 nm-thick, crystalline) surface passivation layer along with nickel-phosphate (Ni-Pi) cocatalyst as a surface hole-sink layer. The integration of Ni-Pi bifunctional co-catalyst results in a highly efficient GaAs electrode with a ~ 100 mV cathodic shift of the onset potential. In this work, the electrode also has enhanced photostability under 110 h testing for PEC water oxidation at a steady current density Jph > 25 mA·cm−2. The Et-GaAs/TiO2/Ni-Pi║Ni-Pi tandem configuration results in the best unassisted bias-free water splitting device with the highest Jph (~7.6 mA·cm−2) and a stable solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 9.5%.
Functionally distinct cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations establish a tumor promoting environment in squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Schütz Sabrina , Solé-Boldo Llorenç , Lucena-Porcel Carlota , Hoffmann Jochen , Brobeil Alexander , Lonsdorf Anke S. , Rodríguez-Paredes Manuel , Lyko Frank 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a serious public health problem due to its high incidence and metastatic potential. It may progress from actinic keratosis (AK), a precancerous lesion, or the in situ carcinoma, Bowen’s disease (BD). During this progression, malignant keratinocytes activate dermal fibroblasts into tumor promoting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), whose origin and emergence remain largely unknown. Here, we generate and analyze >115,000 single-cell transcriptomes from healthy skin, BD and cSCC of male donors. Our results reveal immunoregulatory and matrix-remodeling CAF subtypes that may derive from pro-inflammatory and mesenchymal fibroblasts, respectively. These CAF subtypes are largely absent in AK and interact with different cell types to establish a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. These findings are cSCC-specific and could not be recapitulated in basal cell carcinomas. Our study provides important insights into the potential origin and functionalities of dermal CAFs that will be highly beneficial for the specific targeting of the cSCC microenvironment.
Resonant perovskite solar cells with extended band edge
Authors: Feng Jiangang , Wang Xi , Li Jia , Liang Haoming , Wen Wen , Alvianto Ezra , Qiu Cheng-Wei , Su Rui , Hou Yi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTuning the composition of perovskites to approach the ideal bandgap raises the single-junction Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit of solar cells. The rapid development of narrow-bandgap formamidinium lead triiodide-based perovskites has brought perovskite single-junction solar cell efficiencies up to 26.1%. However, such compositional engineering route has reached the limit of the Goldschmidt tolerance factor. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a resonant perovskite solar cell that produces giant light absorption at the perovskite band edge with tiny absorption coefficients. We design multiple guide-mode resonances by momentum matching of waveguided modes and free-space light via Brillouin-zone folding, thus achieving an 18-nm band edge extension and 1.5 mA/cm2 improvement of the current. The external quantum efficiency spectrum reaches a plateau of above 93% across the spectral range of ~500 to 800 nm. This resonant nanophotonics strategy translates to a maximum EQE-integrated current of 26.0 mA/cm2 which is comparable to that of the champion single-crystal perovskite solar cell with a thickness of ~20 μm. Our findings break the ray-optics limit and open a new door to improve the efficiency of single-junction perovskite solar cells further when compositional engineering or other carrier managements are close to their limits.
A deep learning-based stripe self-correction method for stitched microscopic images
Authors: Wang Shu , Liu Xiaoxiang , Li Yueying , Sun Xinquan , Li Qi , She Yinhua , Xu Yixuan , Huang Xingxin , Lin Ruolan , Kang Deyong , Wang Xingfu , Tu Haohua , Liu Wenxi , Huang Feng , Chen Jianxin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStitched fluorescence microscope images inevitably exist in various types of stripes or artifacts caused by uncertain factors such as optical devices or specimens, which severely affects the image quality and downstream quantitative analysis. Here, we present a deep learning-based Stripe Self-Correction method, so-called SSCOR. Specifically, we propose a proximity sampling scheme and adversarial reciprocal self-training paradigm that enable SSCOR to utilize stripe-free patches sampled from the stitched microscope image itself to correct their adjacent stripe patches. Comparing to off-the-shelf approaches, SSCOR can not only adaptively correct non-uniform, oblique, and grid stripes, but also remove scanning, bubble, and out-of-focus artifacts, achieving the state-of-the-art performance across different imaging conditions and modalities. Moreover, SSCOR does not require any physical parameter estimation, patch-wise manual annotation, or raw stitched information in the correction process. This provides an intelligent prior-free image restoration solution for microscopists or even microscope companies, thus ensuring more precise biomedical applications for researchers.
Entanglement in the quantum phases of an unfrustrated Rydberg atom array
Authors: O’Rourke Matthew J. , Chan Garnet Kin-Lic 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecent experimental advances have stimulated interest in the use of large, two-dimensional arrays of Rydberg atoms as a platform for quantum information processing and to study exotic many-body quantum states. However, the native long-range interactions between the atoms complicate experimental analysis and precise theoretical understanding of these systems. Here we use new tensor network algorithms capable of including all long-range interactions to study the ground state phase diagram of Rydberg atoms in a geometrically unfrustrated square lattice array. We find a greatly altered phase diagram from earlier numerical and experimental studies, revealed by studying the phases on the bulk lattice and their analogs in experiment-sized finite arrays. We further describe a previously unknown region with a nematic phase stabilized by short-range entanglement and an order from disorder mechanism. Broadly our results yield a conceptual guide for future experiments, while our techniques provide a blueprint for converging numerical studies in other lattices.
Directly imaging excited state-resolved transient structures of water induced by valence and inner-shell ionisation
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Hu Xiaoqing , Xue Xiaorui , Zhou Shengpeng , Li Xiaokai , Yang Yizhang , Zhou Jiaqi , Shu Zheng , Zhao Banchi , Yu Xitao , Gong Maomao , Wang Zhenpeng , Ma Pan , Wu Yong , Chen Xiangjun , Wang Jianguo , Ren Xueguang , Wang Chuncheng , Ding Dajun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractReal-time imaging of transient structure of the electronic excited state is fundamentally critical to understand and control ultrafast molecular dynamics. The ejection of electrons from the inner-shell and valence level can lead to the population of different excited states, which trigger manifold ultrafast relaxation processes, however, the accurate imaging of such electronic state-dependent structural evolutions is still lacking. Here, by developing the laser-induced electron recollision-assisted Coulomb explosion imaging approach and molecular dynamics simulations, snapshots of the vibrational wave-packets of the excited (A) and ground states (X) of D2O+ are captured simultaneously with sub-10 picometre and few-femtosecond precision. We visualise that θDOD and ROD are significantly increased by around 50∘ and 10 pm, respectively, within approximately 8 fs after initial ionisation for the A state, and the ROD further extends 9 pm within 2 fs along the ground state of the dication in the present condition. Moreover, the ROD can stretch more than 50 pm within 5 fs along autoionisation state of dication. The accuracies of the results are limited by the simulations. These results provide comprehensive structural information for studying the fascinating molecular dynamics of water, and pave the way towards to make a movie of excited state-resolved ultrafast molecular dynamics and light-induced chemical reaction.
Placental growth factor exerts a dual function for cardiomyogenesis and vasculogenesis during heart development
Authors: Witman Nevin , Zhou Chikai , Häneke Timm , Xiao Yao , Huang Xiaoting , Rohner Eduarde , Sohlmér Jesper , Grote Beverborg Niels , Lehtinen Miia L. , Chien Kenneth R. , Sahara Makoto 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCardiogenic growth factors play important roles in heart development. Placental growth factor (PLGF) has previously been reported to have angiogenic effects; however, its potential role in cardiogenesis has not yet been determined. We analyze single-cell RNA-sequencing data derived from human and primate embryonic hearts and find PLGF shows a biphasic expression pattern, as it is expressed specifically on ISL1+ second heart field progenitors at an earlier stage and on vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) at later stages. Using chemically modified mRNAs (modRNAs), we generate a panel of cardiogenic growth factors and test their effects on enhancing cardiomyocyte (CM) and EC induction during different stages of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) differentiations. We discover that only the application of PLGF modRNA at early time points of hESC-CM differentiation can increase both CM and EC production. Conversely, genetic deletion of PLGF reduces generation of CMs, SMCs and ECs in vitro. We also confirm in vivo beneficial effects of PLGF modRNA for development of human heart progenitor-derived cardiac muscle grafts on murine kidney capsules. Further, we identify the previously unrecognized PLGF-related transcriptional networks driven by EOMES and SOX17. These results shed light on the dual cardiomyogenic and vasculogenic effects of PLGF during heart development.
An artificial intelligence algorithm for automated blastocyst morphometric parameters demonstrates a positive association with implantation potential
Authors: Fruchter-Goldmeier Yael , Kantor Ben , Ben-Meir Assaf , Wainstock Tamar , Erlich Itay , Levitas Eliahu , Shufaro Yoel , Sapir Onit , Har-Vardi Iris 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBlastocyst selection is primarily based on morphological scoring systems and morphokinetic data. These methods involve subjective grading and time-consuming techniques. Artificial intelligence allows for objective and quick blastocyst selection. In this study, 608 blastocysts were selected for transfer using morphokinetics and Gardner criteria. Retrospectively, morphometric parameters of blastocyst size, inner cell mass (ICM) size, ICM-to-blastocyst size ratio, and ICM shape were automatically measured by a semantic segmentation neural network model. The model was trained on 1506 videos with 102 videos for validation with no overlap between the ICM and trophectoderm models. Univariable logistic analysis found blastocyst size and ICM-to-blastocyst size ratio to be significantly associated with implantation potential. Multivariable regression analysis, adjusted for woman age, found blastocyst size to be significantly associated with implantation potential. The odds of implantation increased by 1.74 for embryos with a blastocyst size greater than the mean (147 ± 19.1 μm). The performance of the algorithm was represented by an area under the curve of 0.70 (p < 0.01). In conclusion, this study supports the association of a large blastocyst size with higher implantation potential and suggests that automatically measured blastocyst morphometrics can be used as a precise, consistent, and time-saving tool for improving blastocyst selection.
HMGCS2 serves as a potential biomarker for inhibition of renal clear cell carcinoma growth
Authors: Mao Huajie , Wang Runzhi , Shao Fengling , Zhao Ming , Tian Dayu , Xia Hua , Zhao Ya 
Published: September 2023

Abstract3-Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2) is the rate-limiting enzyme for ketone body synthesis, and most current studies focus on mitochondrial maturation and metabolic reprogramming. The role of HMGCS2 was evaluated in a pan-cancer multi-database using R language, and HMGCS2 was lowly expressed or not differentially expressed in all tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. Correlation analysis of clinical case characteristics, genomic heterogeneity, tumor stemness, and overall survival revealed that HMGCS2 is closely related to clear cell renal cell carcinoma (KIRC). Single-cell sequencing data from normal human kidneys revealed that HMGCS2 is specifically expressed in proximal tubular cells of normal adults. In addition, HMGCS2 is associated with tumor immune infiltration and microenvironment, and KIRC patients with low expression of HMGCS2 have worse prognosis. Finally, the results of cell counting kit 8 assays, colony formation assays, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis suggested that upregulation of HMGCS2 increased the expression of key tumor suppressor proteins, inhibited the proliferation of clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells and promoted cell apoptosis. In conclusion, HMGCS2 is abnormally expressed in pan-cancer, may play an important role in anti-tumor immunity, and is expected to be a potential tumor prognostic marker, especially in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
Association of clot ultrastructure with clot perviousness in stroke patients
Authors: Kim Young Dae , Kwon Il , Park Youngseon , Lee Hyungwoo , Lee Il Hyung , Lim In Hwan , Hong Soon-Ho , Lee Hye Sun , Nam Hyo Suk , Heo Ji Hoe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractClot perviousness on computerized tomography (CT) is predictive of response to reperfusion therapy. This study aimed to determine the association of clot perviousness with ultrastructural features of clot in stroke patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy. We quantitatively analyzed the ultrastructural components identified using scanning electron microscopy. The clot components were determined in the inner portions of the clots. Clot perviousness was assessed as thrombus attenuation increase (TAI) using noncontrast CT and CT angiography. We compared the association between the identified ultrastructural components and clot perviousness. The proportion of pores consisted of 3.5% on scanning electron microscopy images. The proportion of porosity in the inner portion was 2.5%. Among the ultrastructural components, polyhedrocytes were most commonly observed. The mean TAI was 9.3 ± 10.0 (median 5.6, interquartile range 1.1–14.3) Hounsfield units. TAI correlated positively with inner porosity (r = 0.422, p = 0.020). Among the ultrastructural clot components, TAI was independently associated with polyhedrocytes (B = − 0.134, SE = 0.051, p = 0.008). Clot perviousness is associated with porosity and the proportion of polyhdrocytes of clots.
Interaction of dietary patterns with rs28362491 on severity of coronary artery stenosis in patients undergoing coronary angiography
Authors: Darabi Zahra , Seyed Hosseini Seyed Mostafa , Sarebanhassanabadi Mohammadtaghi , Jambarsang Sara , Vahidi Mehrjardi Mohammad Yahya , Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh , Beigrezaei Sara , Vasmehjani Azam Ahmadi , Taftian Marzieh , Arabi Vahid , Motallaei Maryam , Yazdi Faezeh Golvardi , Salehi-Abargouei Amin , Nadjarzadeh Azadeh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCoronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most important cardiovascular diseases. Lifestyle and genetic factors play important roles in the development of CAD. The aim of the study is to examine the interaction of dietary patterns and genes on the likelihood of abnormal lipid profile and coronary artery stenosis in Iranians undergoing coronary angiography. This cross-sectional study was performed on 440 patients who underwent coronary angiography. The factor analysis method was used to extract dietary patterns. Commercial kits have been used to assess biochemical parameters. The detection of the rs28362491 genotype was carried out by the method of restriction fragment length polymorphism. Traditional (TDP) and western dietary pattern (WDP) were extracted. We observed an interaction of adherence to TDP and rs28362491 on the odds of having a high Gensini score. These interactions indicated that higher adherence to TDP was associated with higher odds of having a high Gensini score for patients with DD genotype than for those with II genotype. (OR 2.33, 95%CI 1.00–5.44; P = 0.05). These interactions remained statistically significant even after confounder variables. We observed an interaction between higher adherence to TDP and rs28362491 variants on the odds of high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P = 0.04) in the unadjusted model. We found a significant interaction of this polymorphism and higher adherence to WDP on the odds of having a high Gensini score in the unadjusted model (P = 0.04). This study provides a basis for future research on NF-KB1 gene and diet interaction. More large-scale longitudinal studies are needed to validate these findings.
Influence of azacycle donor moieties on the photovoltaic properties of benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole based organic systems: a DFT study
Authors: Shafiq Iqra , Khalid Muhammad , Asghar Muhammad Adnan , Baby Rabia , Braga Ataualpa A. C. , Alshehri Saad M. , Ahmed Sarfraz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFullerene free organic chromophores are widely utilized to improve the efficacy of photovoltaic materials. Herein, we designed D-π-A-π-D form chromophores (TAZD1-TAZD5) via end-capped redistribution of donor moieties by keeping the same π-bridge and central acceptor unit for organic solar cells (OSCs). To analyze the photovoltaic characteristics of these derivatives, DFT estimations were accomplished at B3LYP/6–311 G (d,p) functional. Different investigations like frontier molecular orbital (FMO), absorption spectra (UV–Vis), density of states (DOS), binding energy (Eb), open circuit voltage (Voc), and transition density matrix (TDMs) were performed to examine the optical, photophysical and electronic characteristics of afore-mentioned chromophores. A suitable band gap (∆E = 2.723–2.659 eV) with larger bathochromic shift (λmax = 554.218–543.261 nm in acetonitrile) was seen in TAZD1-TAZD5. An effective charge transference from donor to acceptor via spacer was observed by FMO analysis which further supported by DOS and TDM. Further, lower binding energy values also supported the higher exciton dissociation and greater CT in TAZD1-TAZD5. Among all the designed chromophores, TAZD5 exhibited the narrowest Egap (2.659 eV) and maximum red-shifted absorption in solvent as well as gas phase i.e. 554.218 nm and 533.219 nm, respectively which perhaps as a result of the phenothiazine-based donor group (MPT). In a nutshell, all the tailored chromophores can be considered as efficient compounds for promising OSCs with a good Voc response, interestingly, TAZD5 is found to be excellent chromophores as compared to all these designed compounds.
Magnetic signature reproduction of ferromagnetic ships at arbitrary geographical position, direction and depth using a multi-dipole model
Authors: Woloszyn Miroslaw , Tarnawski Jarosław 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe reproduction of magnetic signatures is an important issue concerning the safety of ship traffic, as well as the identification and classification of vessels. Moreover, military applications of magnetic signatures and their reproduction refer to the activation or protection against activation of magnetic naval mines. Previous works on this subject focused on recording and replicating the signatures under the same conditions as those under which they were measured, e.g., on the same ship courses. In this article, much greater capabilities of the multi-dipole model are presented, including simultaneous identification of permanent and induced magnetism. Determining the dipole values using the data from cardinal directions gives the possibility of determining the magnetic field density at any trajectory (position), direction, or depth, with further reconstruction of the entire magnetic field on the basis of residual measurements. For the purpose of this article, a numerical test model of a corvette-type ship has been modelled in Opera simulation software for different geographical positions. The synthetic data from the simulator served as the data source for determining the parameters of the multi-dipole model and the reference data for the verification of the signatures reconstructed for other positions, directions, and depths than those used to determine the model parameters. To determine all permanent magnetization components, data sets were used for two different values of the external magnetic field vertical component. Finally, as a culmination of the demonstration of model universality, the entire magnetic field around the ship was reproduced for different control points on Earth, and for different courses and depths. Investigating the possibility of reconstructing the magnetic signature at a different geographic location than the place where the measurement was made for model synthesis is the main original issue considered in this paper.
Multifrequency Analysis of Masseter Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Young Adults
Authors: Arkadi Mugdha , Neupane Anuj Kumar 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to explore the dynamics of multifrequency tone bursts on the masseter vestibular evoked myogenic potential (mVEMP) parameters. Furthermore, it sought to determine the optimal frequency tuning of mVEMP responses.

Method:
Twenty young adults with normal hearing sensitivity participated in the study. Bilateral tone burst evoked mVEMPs were obtained using the zygomatic montage at 250-, 500-, 750-, 1000-, 1500-, and 2000-Hz stimulation frequencies. Self-monitoring biofeedback was given during the procedure to confirm the tension of the masseter muscle between 49.9 and 150.6 rms. Furthermore, the electromyography (EMG) scaling was done to avoid any muscle-related irregularities.

Results:
Tone burst evoked mVEMPs were found to be 100% present at the stimulation frequencies of 250, 500, 750, and 1000 Hz. There were no ear and gender effects seen for any of the frequencies. Significant shortening of the P1 and N1 latencies with increasing stimulation frequencies was observed. The peak-to-peak amplitude was the highest at 500 Hz and lowest at 2000 Hz tone bursts under both EMG scaled and unscaled conditions.

Conclusion:
The present revealed higher response rates and larger amplitudes study of mVEMP at lower frequencies, and, therefore, the frequency tuning was seen for the stimulation frequency at 500 Hz.