bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moderate‐carbohydrate diet without caloric or lipid restriction for Japanese adult patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Tamai Hideyuki , Okamura Jumpei , Nanjo Kishio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimAlthough a low‐calorie diet with lipid restriction is recommended in clinical practice guidelines for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), both compliance and adherence are poor. The present study aimed to evaluate the compliance, adherence, and effectiveness of a moderate‐carbohydrate diet without caloric or lipid restrictions.MethodsParticipants comprised 300 patients with NAFLD with elevated ALT levels who received counseling in carbohydrate restriction (150–200 g/day). Complete response (CR) was defined as ALT normalization and partial response as a ≥30% reduction in ALT from baseline without CR.ResultsDropout rates were 3% (10 of 300) after 6 months and 8% (23 of 300) after 12 months. Achievement rates of carbohydrate intake ≤200 g/day after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months were 80%, 81%, 80%, and 73%, respectively. CR and partial response rates were 60% and 31% after 6 months, and 65% and 25% after 12 months, respectively. Rates of achieving a ≥7% weight reduction after 6 and 12 months were 51% and 49%, respectively. Significant reductions in percentage body fat and visceral fat area were obtained, along with a significant increase in liver/spleen attenuation ratio. Serum lipids, uric acid, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, hemoglobin A1c, C‐reactive protein, ferritin, immunoglobulin, blood cell, shear wave velocity in the liver, and Mac‐2‐binding protein glycosylated isomers all decreased significantly.ConclusionsCompliance and adherence to a moderate‐carbohydrate diet without caloric or lipid restriction is high. The sustained high effectiveness of this therapy would improve the pathophysiological state of NAFLD.
Toxicological interactions between spinosad and essential oils in the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata
Authors: Cortez‐Vega Ana , Jofré‐Barud Flavia , Andino Natalia , Gómez María Pía , López María Liza 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, the use of biopesticides for pest management has increased, especially in modern and organic agriculture. Spinosad is a biopesticide approved in many countries for its use against Ceratitis capitata. However, an increasing amount of pest resistance against spinosad had been found in different pest species. In the present study, we propose the use of a combination between essential oils (EOs) and spinosad as a way to contribute to the development of sustainable alternatives, integrating natural substances with anti‐insect properties and reducing the amount of commercial active ingredients by synergistic effects. Our primary objective was to investigate the synergistic potential of EOs and spinosad in order to enhance the insecticidal efficacy against C. capitata adults. We evaluate the toxic effect of the EOs of Baccharis spartioides (Hook), Eucalyptus cinerea (F. Muell. ex Benth) and Schinus areira (Linneo), the bioinsecticide spinosad and their combinations. We evaluated the combined toxicities of EOs from B. spartioides, E. cinerea and S. areira with spinosad and characterized the LD50 of each mixture and each substance administered topically alone on male and female individuals of C. capitata. A synergistic effect was observed for the B. spartioides–spinosad mixture in females and the S. areira–spinosad mixture in both sexes, and an antagonistic effect was found for the B. spartioides–spinosad mixture and the E. cinerea–spinosad mixture in males. Considering these results, we suggest the use of the EO from S. areira combined with spinosad as an alternative way of controlling C. capitata.
Fertility‐sparing management of stage IIIC serous borderline ovarian tumor: A case report of a 20‐year follow‐up
Authors: Iwamoto Maiko , Tsubamoto Hiroshi , Yoshiyasu Kanako , Wakimoto Yu , Nakagawa Kohei , Shibahara Hiroaki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMultimodal treatment, including assisted reproductive technology, is necessary in young patients with advanced borderline ovarian tumors. However, the details of long‐term follow‐up cases have not been reported. In this report, a 19‐year‐old patient presented with a stage IIIC serous borderline tumor. The patient underwent five fertility‐sparing surgeries. The tumor did not respond to any of the three lines of chemotherapy administered. Serological and radiological responses were observed following hormonal treatment with leuprorelin, followed by a fourth surgery. Before the planned fifth surgery for complete resection of both adnexa, cryopreservation of the fertilized eggs was performed. At age 36, when the disease‐free interval exceeded the previous one, we proposed embryo transfer; however, she declined fertility treatment. The patient had developed rheumatoid arthritis and childbirth not a priority. The patient had lived without any evidence of disease for 7 years following the last surgery and 20 years after the initial visit.
Dental Health Services Victoria value‐based health care principles for oral health models of care
Authors: Lin Clare Elizabeth , Nguyen Tan Minh , McGrath Roisin , Patterson Amy , Hall Martin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundEfforts to progress oral healthcare reform can be challenging with competing interests of governments and service providers to achieve the intended outcomes. The value‐based health care approach has been adopted in many areas of healthcare but has had limited applications to oral healthcare systems. Dental Health Services Victoria, an Australian state government funded entity, commenced its journey to value‐based health care in 2016, to shift away from traditional dental service models that reward activity and volume towards a stronger emphasis on value and outcomes.AimsTo maintain the value‐based health care agenda focus, Dental Health Services Victoria developed three key principles, which can be adopted by other organisations engaged in reforming oral healthcare, to improve the oral health for the population it serves.Materials & MethodsIn 2018, Dental Health Services Victoria developed a value‐based health care framework, which has informed strategic organisation priorities for action. In 2023, the following three key principles are identified as being essential to support the operationalisation and development of effective models of oral healthcare: Principle 1 – Care is co‐designed with the person or population Principle 2 – Prevention and early intervention are prioritised. Principle 3 – Consistent measurement of health outcomes and costs are embedded.DiscussionThe exploration of the three key principles is an important communication tool to translate value‐based health care into practice with key stakeholders. Further work is required to socialise them to within dental teams.ConclusionOrganisations looking to commence the value‐based health care agenda can apply Dental Health Services Victoria's three key principles as a first step.
Species diversity, trophic structure, and taxonomic distinctness of molluscan assemblages associated with Sargassum beds in a historically impacted bay
Authors: Longo Pedro A. S. , Mansur Karine F. R. , Silva Amanda T. , Passos Flávio D. , Leite Fosca P. P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic impacts on coastal habitats can result in alterations of diversity parameters in marine invertebrate assemblages. Macroalgae beds are highly susceptible to human‐induced disturbances, supporting a great diversity of molluscan species and being ecologically important for coastal ecosystems. This study investigates the diversity alterations on Sargassum‐associated molluscan assemblages from areas with different distances from a main source of pollution within a historically impacted bay in Brazil. In general, sites closer to the pollution source presented lower species diversity, trophic diversity, and taxonomic relatedness among species. Beta diversity among assemblages was highly correlated with environmental differentiations among localities due to heavy metal concentrations in algal tissue. Bittiolum varium was the dominant species and was mainly responsible for differences in community parameters. Several trophic groups were well‐represented in Sargassum‐associated molluscan fauna, but assemblages were mostly dominated by micrograzers. A seasonal trend was observed in diversity alterations, with lower diversity during warm season at most sites except Santa Rita, possibly because it is the site less affected by human impacts. The importance of other environmental variables, such as hydrodynamism, for molluscan composition is also discussed. Our results highlight the potential of Sargassum‐associated molluscan assemblages for the study of impacted areas and reinforce the importance of using multiple community metrics to understand the biodiversity patterns of marine invertebrates under anthropogenic impacts.
Inter Generation Relationships in Taking Care of the Elderly in Karo, Indonesia
Authors: Achmad Nurman , Yusuf Mohammad 
Published: August 2023

This study aims to uncover family conflict stemming from caring for the elderly in the Karo ethnic group in North Sumatera resulting in the elderly not feeling comfortable and prefering to live alone or go to a nursing home. An ethnographical study was conducted in Lingga village, Karo to gather information on what Cliffort Geertz has proposed as the thick description of cultural values and the expectations of the elderly. Data was collected through participant observation and in-depth interviews with the elderly with different characteristics. This study found that the elderly’s ideal conception of a place to live is related to various social and cultural aspects of their society, which are interrelated with the functions of affection, obedience and tolerance as family members in the community. This study finds that the elderly expect to have autonomy, but were in fact dependant on their children. This study also finds that research on the elderly should investigate sociocultural aspects of the elderly in order to minimalize conflict.
Metaplasticity: Dark exposure boosts local excitability and visual plasticity in adult human cortex
Authors: Min Seung Hyun , Wang Zili , Chen Meng Ting , Hu Rongjie , Gong Ling , He Zhifen , Wang Xiaoxiao , Hess Robert F. , Zhou Jiawei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn interlude of dark exposure for about 1 week is known to shift excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance of the mammalian visual cortex, promoting plasticity and accelerating visual recovery in animals that have experienced cortical lesions during development. However, the translational impact of our understanding of dark exposure from animal studies to humans remains elusive. Here, we used magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a probe for E/I balance in the primary visual cortex (V1) to determine the effect of 60 min of dark exposure, and measured binocular combination as a behavioural assay to assess visual plasticity in 14 normally sighted human adults. To induce neuroplastic changes in the observers, we introduced 60 min of monocular deprivation, which is known to temporarily shift sensory eye balance in favour of the previously deprived eye. We report that prior dark exposure for 60 min strengthens local excitability in V1 and boosts visual plasticity in normal adults. However, we show that it does not promote plasticity in amblyopic adults. Nevertheless, our findings are surprising, given the fact that the interlude is very brief. Interestingly, we find that the increased concentration of the excitatory neurotransmitter is not strongly correlated with the enhanced functional plasticity. Instead, the absolute degree of change in its concentration is related to the boost, suggesting that the dichotomy of cortical excitation and inhibition might not explain the physiological basis of plasticity in humans. We present the first evidence that an environmental manipulation that shifts cortical E/I balance can also act as a metaplastic facilitator for visual plasticity in humans.
imageKey points
A brief interlude (60 min) of dark exposure increased the local concentration of glutamine/glutamate but not that of GABA in the visual cortex of adult humans.
After dark exposure, the degree of the shift in sensory eye dominance in favour of the previously deprived eye from short‐term monocular deprivation was larger than that from only monocular deprivation.
The neurochemical and behavioural measures were associated: the magnitude of the shift in the concentration of glutamine/glutamate was correlated with the boost in perceptual plasticity after dark exposure.
Surprisingly, the increase in the concentration of glutamine/glutamate was not correlated with the perceptual boost after dark exposure, suggesting that the physiological mechanism of how E/I balance regulates plasticity is not deterministic. In other words, an increased excitation did not unilaterally promote plasticity.
Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty is the predominant keratoplasty procedure in Germany since 2016: a report of the DOG-section cornea and its keratoplasty registry
Authors: Flockerzi Elias , Turner Christina , Seitz Berthold , Collaborators GeKeR Study Group 
Published: August 2023

Background/aimsThis retrospective multicentric panel study provides absolute numbers, types of and indications for corneal transplantation in Germany from 2011 to 2021 and sets them into the international context.MethodsA questionnaire was sent to the 104 German ophthalmologic surgery departments and 93 (89%) provided their data.ResultsThe number of reported keratoplasties more than doubled from 2011 (n=4474) to 2021 (n=8998). Lamellar keratoplasties (49% posterior (n=2883), 4% anterior (n=231)) surpassed penetrating keratoplasty (PKP, 47%, n=2721) for the first time in 2014. Since 2016, Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) has become the predominant keratoplasty procedure in Germany. Its number increased by 1.5-fold from 3850 (2016) to 5812 (2021). Main indications in 2021 were Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD, 43%), pseudophakic corneal decompensation (12%), repeated keratoplasty (11%), infections (7%), keratoconus (6%) and corneal scarring (4%, others: 9%). The PKP percentage decreased from 70.2% in 2011 (n=3141) to 31.7% in 2021 (n=2853). Descemet’s stripping (automated) endothelial keratoplasties (DSAEKs) decreased to 1% in 2021 (n=74). 98.6% of all posterior lamellar keratoplasties were DMEKs in Germany in 2021. The number of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasties (DALKs) remained comparable from 2011 (n=269) to 2021 (n=251, 2.8%).ConclusionMain indications for corneal transplantation in Germany (2021) were FECD and pseudophakic corneal decompensation. DMEK is by far the predominant corneal transplantation procedure since 2016 followed by PKP, whose absolute number decreased only slightly during the decade from 2011 to 2021. DALK proportions remain low, but stable, whereas DSAEK decreased annually and plays a minor role in Germany.Trial registration numberNCT03381794.
The Z resonance, inelastic dark matter, and new physics anomalies in the Simple Extension of the Standard Model (SESM) with general scalar potential
Authors: Zhang Wenxing , Li Tianjun , Yin Xiangwei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe consider the generic scalar potential with CP-violation, and study the Z resonance and inelastic dark matter in the Simple Extension of the Standard Model (SESM), which can explain the dark matter as well as new physics anomalies such as the B physics anomalies and muon anomalous magnetic moment, etc. With the new scalar potential terms, we obtain the mass splittings for the real and imaginary parts of scalar fields. And thus we can have the DM co-annihilation process mediated by Z boson, which couples exclusively to the CP-even and CP-odd parts of scalar fields. This is a brand new feature compared to the previous study. For the CP conserving case, we present the viable parameter space for the Higgs and Z resonances, which can explain the B physics anomalies, muon anomalous magnetic moment, and dark matter relic density, as well as evade the constraint from the XENON1T direct detection simultaneously. For the CP-violating case, we consider the inelastic dark matter, and study four concrete scenarios for the inelastic DM-nucleon scatterings mediated by the Higgs and Z bosons in details. Also, we present the benchmark points which satisfy the aforementioned constraints. Furthermore, we investigate the constraints from the dark matter-electron inelastic scattering processes mediated by the Higgs and Z bosons in light of the XENONnT data. We show that the constraint on the Z mediated process is weak, while the Higgs mediated process excludes the dark matter with mass around several MeV.
Vacuum polarization induced by a cosmic string and a brane in AdS spacetime
Authors: dos Santos W. Oliveira , de Mello E. R. Bezerra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the vacuum polarization effects associated to a charged quantum massive scalar field on a $$(D+1)$$

(
D
+
1
)

-dimensional anti-de Sitter background induced by a magnetic-flux-carrying cosmic string in the braneworld model context. We consider the brane parallel to the anti-de Sitter boundary and the cosmic string orthogonal to them. Moreover, we assume that the field obeys the Robin boundary condition on the brane. Because the brane divides the space into two regions with different properties of the quantum vacuum, we calculate the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of the field squared and the energy–momentum tensor (EMT) in each region. To develop these analyses, we have constructed the positive frequency Wightman function for both regions. The latter is decomposed in a part associated with the anti-de Sitter bulk in the presence of a cosmic string only, and the other part induced by the brane. The vacuum polarization effects associated with the higher-dimensional anti-de Sitter bulk in the presence of cosmic string have been developed in the literature, and here we are mainly interested in the effects induced by the brane. We show that the VEVs of the field squared and the components of the EMT induced by the cosmic string are finite on the brane. Explicitly, we compare these observables with the corresponding ones induced by the brane only, and show that near the brane the contribution induced by the latter is larger than the one induced by the string; however, for points distant from the brane the situation is reversed. Moreover, some asymptotic expressions for the VEV of the field squared and EMT are provided for specific limiting cases of the physical parameters of the model. Also, an application of our results is given for a cosmic string in the $$Z_2$$

Z
2

-symmetric Randall–Sundrum braneworld model with a single brane.
Charged particles and quasiperiodic oscillations around magnetized Schwarzschild black holes
Authors: Qi Mai , Rayimbaev Javlon , Ahmedov Bobomurat 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe study the motion of charged particles around Schwarzschild black holes immersed in external (i) asymptotically uniform, (ii) dipolar, and (iii) parabolic-like magnetic fields. The effect of the different magnetic-field configurations on the position of innermost stable circular orbits (ISCOs) for test-charged particles is analyzed. Furthermore, we investigated frequencies of radial and vertical oscillations of the charged particles along their stable circular orbits together with the Keplerian one. As an astrophysical application, we explore quasiperiodic oscillations (QPOs) observed in microquasars sourced by black hole candidates in the frame of the relativistic precession (RP) model. In order to obtain constraints on the values of the magnetic parameter and black hole mass for the microquasars GRO J1655-40 and GRS 1915-105, we use the method so-called $$\chi ^2$$

χ
2

in the Bayesian approach. Also, we get constraints on the magnetic field around the black hole in the microquasars by treating electrons and protons as oscillating test-charged particles in the accretion disc. Our performed analyses show that the masses of black hole candidates in the above-mentioned objects and magnetic parameters are different for the uniform and dipolar magnetic field configurations. However, no constraints on the magnetic field and black hole masses are obtained in the case of a parabolic magnetic field configuration. The obtained results on the black hole masses are compared with the measurements in independent astrophysical observations of these black hole masses.
Memory Consolidation during Ultra-short Offline States
Authors: Wamsley Erin J. , Arora Madison , Gibson Hannah , Powell Piper , Collins Megan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Traditionally, neuroscience and psychology have studied the human brain during periods of “online” attention to the environment, while participants actively engage in processing sensory stimuli. However, emerging evidence shows that the waking brain also intermittently enters an “offline” state, during which sensory processing is inhibited and our attention shifts inward. In fact, humans may spend up to half of their waking hours offline [Wamsley, E. J., & Summer, T. Spontaneous entry into an “offline” state during wakefulness: A mechanism of memory consolidation? Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 32, 1714–1734, 2020; Killingsworth, M. A., & Gilbert, D. T. A wandering mind is an unhappy mind. Science, 330, 932, 2010]. The function of alternating between online and offline forms of wakefulness remains unknown. We hypothesized that rapidly switching between online and offline states enables the brain to alternate between the competing demands of encoding new information and consolidating already-encoded information. A total of 46 participants (34 female) trained on a memory task just before a 30-min retention interval, during which they completed a simple attention task while undergoing simultaneous high-density EEG and pupillometry recording. We used a data-driven method to parse this retention interval into a sequence of discrete online and offline states, with a 5-sec temporal resolution. We found evidence for three distinct states, one of which was an offline state with features well-suited to support memory consolidation, including increased EEG slow oscillation power, reduced attention to the external environment, and increased pupil diameter (a proxy for increased norepinephrine). Participants who spent more time in this offline state following encoding showed improved memory at delayed test. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that even brief, seconds-long entry into an offline state may support the early stages of memory consolidation.