bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an Arabic test for assessment of semantics for the Arabic-speaking children: the Arabic semantic test
Authors: Abd-Elmoneim Dina Mohammed , Ghandour Hassan Hosney , Elrefaie Dina Ahmed , Khodeir Mona Sameeh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Semantics is the study of meaning, and it pertains to the meanings of linguistic expressions such as words, phrases, grammatical forms, and sentences. Studying semantic development for preschool children has several applications in research design, assessment, and intervention. In English and most Indo-European languages, there is a long tradition of examining aspects of child language by computing different developmental indices from spontaneous language samples and by applying different language tests. However, for the Arabic language, these aspects are lacking in this valuable area of research. Thus, this study aimed to develop and standardize a comprehensive test for assessing semantic language development suitable for preschool children in Arabic-speaking countries. The constructed Arabic semantic test (AST) was administered to 120 typically developed Egyptian Arabic-speaking children between the ages of 2 to ≤ 4 years divided into 4 age groups, with a 6-month age interval between each group. Children’s responses were statistically analyzed to assess the test’s validity and reliability. Ranks of percentiles were calculated to describe the semantic language development in preschool Egyptian Arabic-speaking children.

Results
A statistically significant difference was found over the scores of the Arabic semantic test in both receptive and expressive aspects of semantics among the 4 participating age groups. Semantic growth was positively correlated to the chronological age of the participating children, with good validity and reliability of the test.

Conclusions
The Arabic semantic test is a valid and reliable test that can be applied to assess semantic development among preschool Arabic-speaking children.
Effect of hot saline pack versus topical tranexamic acid in post adenoidectomy bleeding
Authors: Mandour Yasser Mohammed Hassan , El Hamshary Ahmed Ashraf Salah , Elrazeq Mohsen Mahmoud Abd , Elbosraty Omnia Abd Elrahman , Sobhy Mostafa Gomaa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Adenoidectomy is a popular surgical technique in the field of otolaryngology that is successful, safe, and effective. Diffuse microvascular post-adenoidectomy bleeding, on the other hand, is still a common concern.

Aim
The objective of this study is to do a comparison between the efficacy of a hot saline pack versus topical tranexamic acid when administered topically in children who have had only adenoidectomy in terms of intra-operative blood loss and post-operative bleeding.

Methods
This prospective case-control study contained a total of 180 patients, divided into three classes. Class A: This included 60 patients with application of a hot saline pack in control of intra-operative adenoidectomy bleeding. Class B: This included 60 patients with application of a topical tranexamic acid pack in control of intra-operative adenoidectomy bleeding. Class C: This included 60 patients with the use of a pack to hold intra-operative adenoidectomy bleeding

Results
The mean intraoperative blood loss in class B was lower than classes A and C, the mean pre- and post-operative HB level was lower in class C than in classes A and B, the difference was statistically considerable between the three classes, comparison between classes showed statistically considerable differences between classes A and C and also between classes B and C, while there was a statistically non-considerable difference between classes A and B.

Conclusion
The current study found that a topical tranexamic acid pack was more effective for post-adenoidectomy haemostasis than a hot saline pack, with a shorter time to haemostasis and fewer recurettage and electrocauterization procedures.

Trial registration
Name of registration trial: Research ethics committee faculty of medicine Benha university. Registration number: Ms1-1-2020. Date of registration: 22-1-2021.
Outcomes of canal wall down mastoidectomy in cholesteatoma: a 5-year experience
Authors: Yusof Asfa Naimi Mohamad , Boon Wei Jie , Ali Aisyah , Tang Ing Ping 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Cholesteatoma is an atticoantral disease that potentially causes life-threatening complications. Therefore, canal wall down mastoidectomy is a well-established technique to eradicate the disease, especially in extensive cholesteatoma.

Aim
To evaluate the status of dry ear and hearing outcome post-retrograde canal wall down mastoidectomy.

Methods
A retrospective study of patients with cholesteatoma who underwent modified radical mastoidectomy (MRM), a form of canal wall down mastoidectomy between January 2014 and December 2018.

Results
Fifty-seven patients were included with a mean age of 40 years. The majority of cases were adults, 86%, and 14% were children. Most of them complained of ear discharge (73.7%), followed by hearing loss (31.6%). Intraoperatively, cholesteatoma was primarily found in cases involving mastoid air cells, antrum, attic, and mesotympanum (47.4%). The presence of granulation tissue with cholesteatoma was noted in 57.9% of cases. Furthermore, 73.7 % of ossicular chain erosion cases involved erosion of all ossicles (47.6 %). In 26.3 % of cases, tegmen erosion was identified. Facial canal dehiscence accounted for 15.8% of MRM cases, sclerotic mastoid was noted for 10.5%, and lateral semicircular canal dehiscence involved 5.3%. Up to 3 months of follow-up post-MRM showed 70.2% had a dry ear. After 6 months, there were 15.8% complaints of ear discharge in the subsequent follow-up. In this study, 33 out of 57 patients underwent a postoperative hearing evaluation, and 21.2 % of patients showed an improvement in the air-bone gap.

Conclusion
Canal wall down mastoidectomy is a treatment of choice in extensive cholesteatoma to achieve a dry and safe ear with maintaining functional hearing outcomes.
The effect of wearing face masks on voice and intelligibility of speech during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Abdel-Hady Aisha Fawzy , Dessouky Hossam Mohamad El , Saqr Hagar Hussein , Farag Heba Mahmoud 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe study aims at evaluating the effect of wearing face masks on voice and intelligibility of speech in Egyptian working individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic to identify if there are any adverse effects of wearing face masks in the working environment.Materials and methodsA cross-section analytical study was conducted on 153 participants. Personal data and data about the nature of their workplaces were collected. The evaluation included a subjective assessment of voice and intelligibility of speech using a specifically designed questionnaire addressing self-perception of voice fatigue, speech unintelligibility, received auditory feedback and breathing difficulty, and objective voice assessment by Computerized Speech Lab, while objective speech unintelligibility assessment by the Arabic Speech Intelligibility Test.ResultsThe study revealed poor workplace acoustics and increased their self-perception of voice fatigue, speech unintelligibility, auditory feedback, and breathing difficulty while wearing masks. Medical professionals showed increased self-perception of speech unintelligibility and the received auditory feedback. No significant difference was found in absolute jitter with and without a face mask. Increasing shimmer and mean fundamental frequency and decreasing noise to harmonic ratio and maximum phonation time were found. The study revealed decreased speech intelligibility especially with the N95 mask.ConclusionWearing face masks negatively affects communication in the workplace, with poor room acoustics. It affects both speech intelligibility and voice subjectively and objectively. It caused increased self-perception of voice fatigue and changes in objective voice parameters.
Modified sutureless recess/tunnel technique for fixation of the internal receiver-stimulator in cochlear implantation
Authors: Sefein Ihab K. , Gaballah Mohammad M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundFixation of receiver-stimulator (RS) in cochlear implantation is an important step of surgery, while the technique used is still debatable.Aim of studyThe aim of our study is to evaluate the applicability of our modified recess/tunnel (R/T) fixation technique.Materials and methodsDe novo cases between august 2018 and December 2020 were included. A bony recess was drilled deep to the full thickness of RS. A tunnel was fashioned for the fantail and electrode lead with a groove to slide it without trauma. No tie-down sutures were used. The length between the RS magnet and tragus was measured during follow-up visits.ResultsSeventy-eight patients received the new R/T; 37 (47.4%) were females. Children were 50 (64.1%) with an average age of 4.3 ± 2 years, while adults were 28 (35.9%) with an average age of 36.4 ± 10 years. Right implants were 69 implants while left ones were only 9. The average total operative time was 86 ± 13 min, while the average R/T preparation time was 11 ± 4 min which represents 12.8% of the total operative time. No RS migration, hard. or soft failures were detected. One case had postoperative haematoma originating from the skin, while other minor complications were not related to fixation and were treated medically.ConclusionThe R/T fixation technique provides good fixation to RS, fantail, and electrode lead protection and fixation. The disadvantages of wide exposure especially longer operative time can be avoided with this technique.
Apoptosis in lupus nephritis patients: a study of Bcl-2 to assess glomerular and tubular damage
Authors: Labib Hossam Salaheldin , Salman Manal Ibrahim , Halim Mariam Ibrahim , Fawaz Shereen Ismail 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an immune-mediated disease, due to exposure of self-antigens, through impairment of apoptosis and failure of lymphocytic tolerance. Impaired regulation of the pro- and anti-apoptotic gene products which coordinate programmed cell death may result in autoreactive B and T cells and autoimmunity. Genetically engineered mice that over-express the anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2, B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) in B-lymphocytes advance a lupus-like illness. Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most serious manifestations of this autoimmune disorder. Glomerulonephritis (GN) is caused by either impaired regulation of apoptosis and/or clearance of apoptotic cells leading to a T cell-mediated autoimmune reaction with initiation of pathological immune complex deposits.

Objective
To evaluate the correlation between Bcl2 glomerular and tubular expression and pathological findings and laboratory data in different types of SLE GN.

Results
Compared to the control group, patients with lupus nephritis have significantly higher glomerular, interstitial and tubular expression level (P value < 0.001). BCL2 expression was positively correlated with serum anti-ds-DNA, urine 24-h protein and with the chronicity index. All LN patients had significant glomerular, interstitial and tubular deposits of BCL2, P value < 0.001, P value 0.004, and P value 0.03, respectively.

Conclusion
The intrinsic pathway of apoptosis interferes not only with the pathogenesis of lupus glomerulonephritis but also interferes with the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial lupus nephritis. tubulointerstitial lesions may not only be a result of glomerular injury but also a significant factor in lupus nephritis.
First-day computed tomography: does it has a role in the assessment of patients with inhalation lung injury?
Authors: Megahed Mohammad A. , Elhelbawy Rana H. , Agha Mohammed A. , Abdelatty Nehad B. , El-Koa Amal A. , El-Kalashy Mai M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Inhalation lung injury occurs in almost one-third of all serious burns and is responsible for a considerable proportion of burn patient fatalities each year. History of closed space fire or unconsciousness at the accident site, occurrence of pharyngeal or facial burns, hoarseness, and wheezing, and laboratory tests that include blood gas abnormalities or Carboxyhemoglobin levels in blood ˃ 10% are used to diagnose inhalation lung injury. It is also characterized by radiological findings of alveolar or interstitial edema, atelectasis, and/or consolidations, as well as the presence of erythema with laryngeal or tracheal edema in the bronchoscope.

Objectives
To study the diagnostic and prognostic efficacy of radiologist score and bronchial wall thickening as radiological CT findings in inhalation lung injury.

Methods
This prospective case–control study included 48 patients with inhalation lung injury (ILI) as a case group and 10 patients without ILI were selected as the control group, all recruited from the burn and plastic department. Within the first 12 h of suspected ILI, a fiberoptic bronchoscope was done to confirm the diagnosis. An initial chest X-ray was done followed by computed tomography through which the radiologist score (RADS) together with bronchial wall thickening (BWT) was done.

Results
Duration of ventilation was higher in cases than in controls (8.50 ± 3.94 vs 3.25 ± 0.50). The hospital duration was higher in cases than in controls (13.6 ± 4.68 vs9.50 ± 4.52). The BWT was 2.12 ± 0.66 (mean ± SD) in the ILI group while the control group was 1.32 ± 0.48 (mean ± SD). Correlating between baseline PaO2 and RADS score and BWT, it was found that there was a highly significant negative correlation between PaO2 and RADS score and BWT among inhalation lung injury patients (P value 0.001). The sensitivity of BWT in the detection of the need for mechanical ventilation was 83% at a cut-off point of 1.65. Its specificity was 78% and accuracy 75%.

Conclusion
CT done within 24 h of burn patients has a good role in the diagnosis and management of ILI from the burn.
Increased antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pneumonia among Egyptian Children during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hussein Mahitab Morsy , Shaheen Malak Ali , Sleem Abdelrahman Mahmoud , Mahmoud Fatma Mostafa , Ishak Sally Raafat 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Pneumonia is the major cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of antibiotics increased which led to the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogenic organisms causing pneumonia in children. So, studies should be directed to register antimicrobial resistance in each country and to develop local antimicrobial stewardship. This study aimed to identify the distribution of bacteria causing pneumonia among Egyptian children in the year 2020 and their antimicrobial sensitivity. A cross-sectional study was done, it included fifty immunocompetent children with pneumonia admitted to Children's Hospital, Ain-Shams University from June 2020 to December 2020. Bacterial cultures were done on sputum collected using cough swab, or endotracheal tube aspirate, with their antimicrobial sensitivity.

Results
Thirty children had Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), while twenty had Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). Streptococcus pneumonia was the most frequently cultured organism in CAP group 7/30 (23.3%). The sensitivity results found linezolid (50%), followed by fluoroquinolones to be the least resistant. While in the HAP group, Klebsiella pneumonia 9/20 (45%) was the most common organism. Colistin (90%) followed by tigecycline (50%), Amikacin (35%), fluoroquinolones (25%), gentamicin (25%), and imipenem (20%) had the least resistance in the HAP group.

Conclusion
No pathognomonic shift of the bacteria that causes pediatric pneumonia was detected. Although, an increase in antimicrobial resistance was noticed.
Salicylic acid-related ribosomal protein CaSLP improves drought and Pst.DC3000 tolerance in pepper
Authors: Zhang Huafeng , Pei Yingping , He Qiang , Zhu Wang , Jahangir Maira , Haq Saeed ul , Khan Abid , Chen Rugang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe ribosomal protein contains complex structures that belong to polypeptide glycoprotein family, which are involved in plant growth and responses to various stresses. In this study, we found that capsicum annuum 40S ribosomal protein SA-like (CaSLP) was extensively accumulated in the cell nucleus and cell membrane, and the expression level of CaSLP was up-regulated by Salicylic acid (SA) and drought treatment. Significantly fewer peppers plants could withstand drought stress after CaSLP gene knockout. The transient expression of CaSLP leads to drought tolerance in pepper, and Arabidopsis’s ability to withstand drought stress was greatly improved by overexpressing the CaSLP gene. Exogenous application of SA during spraying season enhanced drought tolerance. CaSLP-knockdown pepper plants demonstrated a decreased resistance of Pseudomonas syringae PV.tomato (Pst) DC3000 (Pst.DC3000), whereas ectopic expression of CaSLP increased the Pst.DC3000 stress resistance in Arabidopsis. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) results showed that CaNAC035 physically interacts with CaSLP in the cell nucleus. CaNAC035 was identified as an upstream partner of the CaPR1 promoter and activated transcription. Collectively the findings demonstrated that CaSLP plays an essential role in the regulation of drought and Pst.DC3000 stress resistance.
Graphical Abstract
Experimental and numerical analysis of rainfall-induced slope failure of railway embankment of semi high-speed trains
Authors: Aqib Mohammad , Usmani Shadab , Khan Tanveer , Sadique Md Rehan , Alam Mohd Masroor 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSafety and maintenance of railway tracks has been very crucial, for sustainable economic development of many nations. Almost the entire Indian railway tracks were built over the raised earth embankments. These embankments are susceptible to slope failure due to numerous reasons. One of the major cause is seepage and surface runoff during rainy (monsoon) season. Erosion by gullying has regarded as most significant failure scar. Various researches had studied the embankment failure due to rainfall. However, the gullying effect on the slope failure has been missing in these studies. Hence, in this study slope stability analysis of the railway embankment has been performed considering the gullying. Embankment of Dedicated Freight Corridor (India) has been taken up in this study. The present study has three sections (a) Field observation, (b) scaled laboratory modelling, and (c) FEM-based numerical analysis. The effect of vegetation, degree of compaction, and the intensity of rainfall on the slope stability has been evaluated. Effect of gullying has incorporated through change in shape and dimension of embankment. It has been found that vegetation significantly reduced the gully formation and also the less compacted slope experienced more gullies formation as compared to the more compacted slope. While varying the rainfall intensity from 20 to 100 mm, it has been observed that without consideration of gully higher FOS (factor of safety) was reported. Moreover, FOS decrease with increase of rainfall from 20 to 100 mm and becomes constant after that.
Developing optimal wear performance for nylon 6 loaded up with Boron Nitride (PA6/BN) composites using Taguchi direct and aspect ratio-based Taguchi-Pareto method
Authors: Adekoya Abdulganiyu Adegboyega , Adedeji Wasiu Oyediran , Oke Sunday Ayoola , Rajan Amaladas John 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough the wear performance of nylon-6/Boron Nitride (PA6/BN) composites has been studied, their concurrent optimization and prioritization are scarce in the literature. Considering this shortcoming, this paper proposes a Taguchi-Pareto-based framework incorporating a discrimination signal-to-noise ratio analysis, to enhance the wear performance of PA6/BN composites. Besides the direct factors that consider the weight percentage of particulate additives to nylon 6, sliding distance, sliding speed and normal load, the combinations of direct factors and aspect ratios of the factors were considered in eighteen cases where all four factors are considered in rotation. The novel contribution of the developed Taguchi-Pareto-oriented direct and aspect ratio (TPDA) framework based on its stepwise application to wear performance analysis is noted as follows: (1) establishment of the principal factors by contemplating their importance together with their impact levels on wear performance and (2) establishment of optimal and prioritization of the wear factors threatening the operational efficiency of the structures in which they are made up by considering their signal to noise ratios based on the 80-20 rule of Pareto analysis. The results obtained from the proposed TPDA were validated using experimental data obtained from the literature. It is thought that the application of the proposed framework to the experimental data aids the composite engineer in making prudent fabrication decisions, assisting them to successfully maintain how levels for the fabricated composites while in operation.
Pituitary hypoadrenocorticism and hypothyroidism after immunochemotherapy followed by salvage surgery for lung cancer: a case report
Authors: Nakagami Chikara , Endoh Makoto , Nakatsuka Marina , Nakahashi Kenta , Ota Hiroki , Aso Mari , Sugiyama Takuma , Suzuki Hiroki , Shiono Satoshi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been shown to prolong the survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and have allowed complete resection for advanced lung cancer. However, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have been recognized as concerning side effects of ICIs.

Case presentation
A 62-year-old man visited our hospital because of fever, dyspnea, and anorexia. A tumor was found in the right hilum of the lung. It compressed the left atrium and was also thought to be invading the esophagus and a vertebral body. A bronchoscopic biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (cT4N2M0-IIIB). We thought that a complete resection was impossible because of the N2 status of the tumor and because it had invaded several organs. Radiotherapy was thought to be contraindicated because of the patient’s marked emphysema. Therefore, we administered 4 courses of pembrolizumab plus carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel immunochemotherapy.
After immunochemotherapy, the tumor was downstaged to ycT2bN0M0-IIA and was determined to be acceptable for salvage surgery. A right lower lobectomy and systematic dissection of the mediastinal lymph nodes were performed. The histopathological examination of the resected specimen found that the proportion of the remaining tumor cells was 5%, indicating achievement of a major pathologic response.
On postoperative day 79, the patient visited the emergency room because of anorexia. Blood tests showed hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, and eosinophilia. The serum thyroid hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were low and high, respectively. A corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test revealed levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol far below the normal ranges. We speculated that the patient had developed pituitary hypoadrenocorticism and hypothyroidism as irAEs associated with ICI treatment. We administered hydrocortisone and levothyroxine, with improvement in the patient’s appetite and normalization of the patient’s serum sodium level. The patient has been receiving ongoing supplementation with oral hydrocortisone and levothyroxine and is doing well 11 months after surgery.

Conclusions
The increasing numbers of patients treated with perioperative ICIs might lead to increasing numbers of patients who develop perioperative irAEs. Careful attention should be paid to the possible development of irAEs during the perioperative management of patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer.