bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Ultrasound Really Good Enough to Evaluate the Pneumothorax in the Emergency Department
Authors: Temel Atilla , Doğan Halil , Erduhan Muge Arslan , Yigit Yavuz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThorax computed tomography in patients with thoracic trauma is undeniably a highly beneficial method. However, it also has disadvantages such as difficulties in transferring critical patients to computed tomography, delays in diagnosis, the risk of radiation exposure, and higher costs. On the other hand, ultrasonography can be rapidly performed at the bedside and is a non-invasive technique that poses no risk of radiation exposure. These advantages make it a valuable method in the early diagnosis of thoracic trauma. Therefore, this study aimed to provide insights into the sensitivity and accuracy of bedside ultrasonography in diagnosing pneumothorax in patients presenting with thorax trauma in an emergency department. The study sample comprised 132 patients over 18 years of age who were transferred with thorax trauma to the Emergency Clinic of Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital between January 30, 2015, and June 30, 2015. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed before thoracic computed tomography in all patients for whom a thorax computed tomography was indicated based on the clinical examination by the emergency room physician. The thoracic computed tomography reports, interpreted by a radiologist who was blinded to the ultrasonographic and clinical findings of the patients, were accepted as the gold standard. All 132 patients included in the study underwent Thorax ultrasonography. The average age of the patients was 76.5%, with the youngest patient being 18 years old and the oldest one being 90 years old. Of the patients, 45.38% (n = 101) were men. The results of Thorax ultrasonography showed that 19 patients had pneumothorax. These findings were then compared with the Thorax computed tomography results accepted as the gold standard. The results revealed that Thorax ultrasonography had a sensitivity of 56.2% and a specificity of 99% in detecting pneumothorax. According to the grading on CT, our observation revealed that the sensitivity of ultrasonography to detect pneumothorax increased proportionally with the severity of pneumothorax detected on thoracic computed tomography. The sensitivity of ultrasonography in patients with a grade 2 pneumothorax and those with a grade 3 pneumothorax, according to Thorax computed tomography, was found to be 70% and 100%, respectively. Thorax ultrasonography is a useful technique with high specificity in diagnosing pneumothorax, but its sensitivity decreases significantly when the size is below 1 cm.
Microbial Interaction is Among the Key Factors for Isolation of Previous Uncultured Microbes
Authors: Yan Chang , Owen Jeffrey S. , Seo Eun-Young , Jung Dawoon , He Shan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPure cultivation of microbes is still limited by the challenges of microbial uncultivability, with most microbial strains unable to be cultivated under standard laboratory conditions. The experience accumulated from advanced techniques such as in situ cultivation has identified that microbial interactions exist in natural habitats but are absent in laboratory cultures. These microbial interactions are likely one of the key factors in isolating previously uncultured microbes. The need for better knowledge of the mechanisms operating in microbial interactions has led to various experiments that have utilized microbial interactions in different approaches to microbial cultivation. These new attempts to understand microbial interactions not only present a new perspective on microbial uncultivability but also provide an opportunity to access uncultured phylogenetically novel microbes with their potential biotechnology applications. In this review, we focus on studies of the mechanisms of microbial interaction where the growth of other microbes is affected. Additionally, we review some successful applications of microbial interactions in cultivation methods, an approach that can play an important role in the bioprospecting of untapped microbial resources.
A Comparative Evaluation of Performance of Sysmex XN 3000 and Horiba Yumizen H2500 Automated Complete Blood Count Analysers
Authors: Bhola Rajesh Kumar , Fudaly Christophe , Rastogi Shubham 
Published: August 2023

AbstractModern automated laboratory haematology analysers use various methods to measure different haematological parameters. These parameters are useful in the diagnostic and clinical interpretation of patient symptoms. So, it is very important to compare the performance of different analysers measuring the same parameter. Hence, a comparison of complete blood counts analysed by Sysmex XN 3000 and Horiba Yumizen H2500 was performed. Total 296 EDTA anti-coagulated blood samples were processed in both the analysers in duplicate within 4 h of collection. The white blood cell count, red blood cell count, erythrocyte indices, differential leukocyte count, platelet count and platelet indices and reticulocyte count were compared. A good level of correlation and agreement between different parameters were obtained. A strong correlation was observed (r > 0.9) between Sysmex XN 3000 and Yumizen H2500 for WBC (0.997), RBC (0.997), Haemoglobin (0.999), haematocrit (0.974), MCV (0.902), MCH (0.99),, platelet count by impedance (0.989), mean platelet volume (0.954), plateletcrit (0.971), platelet distribution width (PDW) (0.916), neutrophils (0.997), lymphocytes (0.989), monocytes (0.943), and eosinophils (0.991) counts. A moderate correlation was observed for RDW-CV (0.75). The basophils count showed poor correlation (r < 0.5) possibly because of sample selection with mostly low basophils count. An acceptable bias was observed for most of the parameters like WBC, RBC, Haemoglobin, Haematocrit, platelet counts, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils and monocytes. The studied instruments ensured satisfactory interchangeability except for few parameters, thus facilitate substitution of one analyser by another without affecting the clinical decision making.
Development of Body Dissatisfaction in Women and Men at Different Educational Levels During the Life Course
Authors: Rosenqvist Elena , Konttinen Hanna , Berg Noora , Kiviruusu Olli 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Our study examines the rarely investigated associations between body dissatisfaction and educational level over the life course in women and men.

Methods
A Finnish cohort (N = 1955) was followed by questionnaires at ages 22, 32, 42, and 52. Body dissatisfaction was measured by asking the respondents to evaluate their appearance using five response options. Analyses were done using logistic regression, while latent class analyses were used to identify classes of body dissatisfaction trajectories over the life course.

Results
Body dissatisfaction increased with age in women and men. Among men, body dissatisfaction was related to lower education at the ages of 32 and 42. Also, men with lower education were more likely to maintain a less positive body image over the life course. In women, increasing body dissatisfaction during the life course was associated with lower education.

Conclusions
Differences in body dissatisfaction based on educational level are important to take into account in public health actions aiming to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in health and well-being.
Climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies for production forests: Trade-offs, synergies, and uncertainties in biodiversity and ecosystem services delivery in Northern Europe
Authors: Felton Adam , Belyazid Salim , Eggers Jeannette , Nordström Eva-Maria , Öhman Karin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractClimate change adaptation and mitigation strategies (CCAMS) are changes to the management of production forests motivated by the need to mitigate climate change, or adapt production forests to climate change risks. Sweden is employing CCAMS with unclear implications for biodiversity and forest ecosystem services (ES). Here, we synthesized evidence from 51 published scientific reviews, to evaluate the potential implications for biodiversity and a range of provisioning, regulating, and cultural ES, from the adoption of CCAMS relative to standard forestry practice. The CCAMS assessed were the adoption of (i) mixed-species stands, (ii) continuous cover forestry, (iii) altered rotation lengths, (iv) conversion to introduced tree species, (v) logging residue extraction, (vi) stand fertilization, and (vii) altered ditching/draining practices. We highlight the complexity of biodiversity and ES outcomes, identify knowledge gaps, and emphasize the importance of evidence-based decision making and landscape-scale planning when navigating choices involving the widespread adoption of CCAMS.
Neurorosettes: a novel computational modelling framework to investigate the Homer-Wright rosette formation in neuroblastoma
Authors: Gonçalves Inês G. , García-Aznar Jose Manuel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCancer deregulates the interactions between cells and their microenvironment, leading to disrupted architectures. Homer-Wright rosettes, observed in neuroblastoma, comprise radial arrangements of neurons surrounding a meshwork of fibres. Currently, scientists believe that the presence of Homer-Wright rosettes reflects aberrant neuronal differentiation. Nonetheless, additional understanding of how these structures develop is required since neither experimental nor computational research has characterised this mechanism properly. In this work, we propose a mechanics-based computational framework to investigate Homer-Wright rosette formation. Our model depicts neurons as a combination of spherical (cell bodies) and cylindrical (neurites) agents, and it includes proliferation, neuronal differentiation, and adhesion/repulsion dynamics between neurons. We implemented our framework as an open-source user-friendly Python package called neurorosettes that provides real-time rendering of simulation results, making it adequate for general researchers to test and visualize hypotheses of Homer-Wright rosette formation. Furthermore, we present three example use-cases to replicate the emergence of this rosette subtype and investigate how mechanical interactions between neurons and neuronal differentiation may regulate its architecture. Due to the spare amount of experimental data on the formation of these histological patterns, our applications serve primarily as preliminary examples of how our tool can be used and extended. Although our preliminary results show the relevance of mechanical interactions and poor neuronal differentiation to Homer-Wright rosette formation, these factors appear to only predict the initial stages of rosette formation. Overall, our tool can improve the theoretical knowledge on this process and drive the design of new experimental studies to validate model results.
The African Union’s Silencing the Guns: between stereotyping and owning gender roles
Authors: Mukalazi Miriam Mona 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFollowing the motto “African Solutions for African Problems”, the African Union (AU) fosters its agency as a regional actor on gender policies. The Silencing the Guns campaign represents one example. Here, the AU attempts to link gender, peace and security policies. Taking the AU’s motto into account, this research explores to what degree Silencing the Guns is driven by the understanding of gender roles linked to African Feminisms, and to what degree gender assumptions of other feminist traditions are embedded. With the help of hypervisibility as a concept, stereotypes will be put into the context of Silencing the Guns. To answer the research question, a mixed-methods approach is applied for data collection. The results clearly indicate references to African feminist theories such as Womanism. In particular, these results help introduce a discussion around epistemological power hierarchies in feminist discourse defining what (harmful) gender stereotypes are for whom. Although there is a common understanding among most of the feminist researchers that gender is a social construct influenced by socio-cultural contexts, the socio-cultural context of the Global North seems to be the universal departure point to investigate gender stereotypes. However, leaving out the various socio-cultural contexts in the Global South that shape gender as a social construct distorts the knowledge about how gender stereotypes function in different societies. Consequently, the main output of this research is a call to rethink the universal claim on how gender stereotypes are defined and interpreted and to urgently encounter multiple decolonial approaches of epistemology, methodology and ontology.
Strategy for Generating Blinded Evidence for Single-Arm Trials with External Controls Using Expert Review of Home Video
Authors: Zhang Xinruo , Brind’Amour Katherine , King Kelly E. , Hartmaier Susan , Harris Katherine , Weinstein David A. , Girman Cynthia J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Neurodegenerative diseases cause developmental delays and loss of milestones in infants and children. However, scalable outcome measures that quantify features meaningful to parents/caregivers (P/CGs) and have regulatory precedence are lacking for assessing the effectiveness of treatments in clinical trials of neurodegenerative disorders. To address this gap, we developed an innovative, blinded strategy for single-arm trials with external controls using expert panel review of home video.

Method
We identified meaningful, observable, and objective developmental milestones from iterative interviews with P/CGs and clinical experts. Subsequently, we standardized video recording procedures and instructions to ensure consistency in how P/CGs solicited each activity. In practice, videos would be graded by an expert panel blinded to treatment. To ensure blinding and quality control, video recordings from interim time points would be randomly interspersed. We conducted a pilot study and a pretest of grading to test feasibility and improve the final strategy.

Results
The five P/CGs participating in the pilot study found the instructions clear, selected activities important and reflective of their children’s abilities, and recordings at-home preferrable to in-clinic assessments. The three grading experts found the videos easy to grade and the milestones clinically meaningful.

Conclusion
Our standardized strategy enables expert panel grading of developmental milestone achievements using at-home recordings, blinded to treatment and post-baseline time points. This rigorous and objective scoring system has broad applicability in various disease contexts, with or without external controls. Moreover, our strategy facilitates flexible, continued data collection and the videos can be archived for future analyses.
Phenomenology of the Icon
Authors: Rumpza Stephanie , Marion Jean-Luc 
Published: August 2023

How can something finite mediate an infinite God? Weaving patristics, theology, art history, aesthetics, and religious practice with the hermeneutic phenomenology of Hans-George Gadamer and Jean-Luc Marion, Stephanie Rumpza proposes a new answer to this paradox by offering a fresh and original approach to the Byzantine icon. She demonstrates the power and relevance of the phenomenological method to integrate hermeneutic aesthetics and divine transcendence, notably how the material and visual dimensions of the icon are illuminated by traditional practices of prayer. Rumpza's study targets a problem that is a major fault line in the continental philosophy of religion – the integrity of finite beings I relation to a God that transcends them. For philosophers, her book demonstrates the relevance of a cherished religious practice of Eastern Christianity. For art historians, she proposes a novel philosophical paradigm for understanding the icon as it is approached in practice.
Dynamic time warping to quantify age distortion in firn cores impacted by melt processes
Authors: Hagen Cedric J. , Harper Joel T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs warming intensifies across the Greenland ice sheet, an increasing number of shallow coring and radar studies are targeting the melt-impacted firn column to investigate meltwater processes. Highly inhomogeneous infiltration and refreezing, however, redistributes mass, distorting age–depth relationships and confounding comparisons between different cores. Here, we utilize a dynamic time warping algorithm for time series alignment to investigate and quantify the heterogeneous impact of melt processes on nine closely spaced (within 50 m) firn core-density profiles. The 10 m cores were collected relatively high in Greenland's percolation zone, where melt alteration is minimal compared to lower elevation. Our analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of dynamic time warping as a tool for assessing heterogeneity between ice core records. We find that the optimal alignment of density profiles in the nine cores requires vertical stretching and compression of individual profiles, ranging from, on average, <1 to ~16% of the core lengths. We identified four depth zones of mass redistribution that appear to coincide with observed ice layers. Further, ~75% of density measurements from each core do not align with an age model-derived density profile that assumes no mass redistribution of meltwater, indicating the pervasive impact of melt processes.
China's Diplomatic Leverage on North Korean Provocations: Effect of High-Level Meetings Between China and North Korea on North Korean Missile and Nuclear Tests
Authors: Lee Yongjae 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Nuclear and missile tests by North Korea, which directly threaten China's national interests, regional stability, and economic development, have consistently irritated China. Since the 1950s, China and North Korea have held high-level meetings aimed at discussing and improving their bilateral relationship. Using empirical analysis, this study attempts to examine the impact of these meetings on North Korea's missile and nuclear tests. The study argues that as the frequency of high-level meetings between China and North Korea increases, North Korea's provocative actions decrease. The high-level meetings serve to address the issue of incomplete information, create avenues for economic aid and cooperation, and reduce the likelihood of future nuclear and missile tests. The empirical findings indicate that while high-level meetings with or without the presence of top leaders can lead to a reduction in missile tests by North Korea, only summits between China and North Korea have a significant impact on the reduction of nuclear tests by North Korea.
Turbulence measurements in the neutral ISM from Hi-21 cm emission–absorption spectra
Authors: Koley Atanu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We study the correlation between the non-thermal velocity dispersion (

$\sigma_{nth}$

) and the length scale (L) in the neutral interstellar medium (ISM) using a large number of Hi gas components taken from various published Hi surveys and previous Hi studies. We notice that above the length-scale (L) of 0.40 pc, there is a power-law relationship between

$\sigma_{nth}$

and L. However, below 0.40 pc, there is a break in the power law, where

$\sigma_{nth}$

is not significantly correlated with L. It has been observed from the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method that for the dataset of L

$\gt$

0.40 pc, the most probable values of intensity (A) and power-law index (p) are 1.14 and 0.55, respectively. Result of p suggests that the power law is steeper than the standard Kolmogorov law of turbulence. This is due to the dominance of clouds in the cold neutral medium. This is even more clear when we separate the clouds into two categories: one for L is

$\gt$

0.40 pc and the kinetic temperature (

$T_{k}$

) is

$\lt$

250 K, which are in the cold neutral medium (CNM) and for other one where L is

$\gt$

0.40 pc and

$T_{k}$

is between 250 and 5 000 K, which are in the thermally unstable phase (UNM). Most probable values of A and p are 1.14 and 0.67, respectively, in the CNM phase and 1.01 and 0.52, respectively, in the UNM phase. A greater number of data points is effective for the UNM phase in constructing a more accurate estimate of A and p, since most of the clouds in the UNM phase lie below 500 K. However, from the value of p in the CNM phase, it appears that there is a significant difference from the Kolmogorov scaling, which can be attributed to a shock-dominated medium.
The topology of compact rank-one ECS manifolds
Authors: Derdzinski Andrzej , Terek Ivo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPseudo-Riemannian manifolds with parallel Weyl tensor that are not conformally flat or locally symmetric, also known as essentially conformally symmetric (ECS) manifolds, have a natural local invariant, the rank, which equals 1 or 2, and is the rank of a certain distinguished null parallel distribution $\mathcal{D}$. All known examples of compact ECS manifolds are of rank one and have dimensions greater than 4. We prove that a compact rank-one ECS manifold, if not locally homogeneous, replaced when necessary by a twofold isometric covering, must be a bundle over the circle with leaves of $\mathcal{D}^\perp$ serving as the fibres. The same conclusion holds in the locally homogeneous case if one assumes that $\,\mathcal{D}^\perp$ has at least one compact leaf. We also show that in the pseudo-Riemannian universal covering space of any compact rank-one ECS manifold, the leaves of $\mathcal{D}^\perp$ are the factor manifolds of a global product decomposition.
#HoldTight: Neoliberal affects, embodied hopes, and anticipatory chronotopes in corporate LGBTQ diversity discourse
Authors: Comer Joseph 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAcross the contemporary world, neoliberalism operates as an anticipatory regime through which mediatised conceptions of the future are aligned to an aggressive (absolute) marketisation of social life. Alongside a critical, queer-theoretical attention to homonormativity, this article uses multimodal critical discourse studies techniques to analyse how such a neoliberal future for LGBTQ people is envisioned in #HoldTight, a pride campaign by an Australian and New Zealand bank. #HoldTight focused on how the act of holding hands can be turned from a source of shame to a joyful, powerful tool for social action: ‘if you feel like letting go, hold tight’. My cultural-phenomenological analysis of #HoldTight demonstrates how this imbrication of LGBTQ rights discourse and mediatised capitalism engaged embodied, hopeful affects as semiotic resources. In this way, I argue that the bank enshrined a speculative, anticipatory chronotope of a future better world, while validating neoliberal governmentality as a benevolent form of LGBTQ agency. (Neoliberalism, multimodal critical discourse studies, queer linguistics, affect, embodiment, cultural phenomenology)*
C'mon feel the Moys: a trip through the orange book
Authors: Garner Helen , Staveley-Taylor Felicity 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article is based on a course on how to use Moys classification scheme,1 delivered by Helen Garner and Felicity Staveley-Taylor on behalf of the British and Irish Association of Law Librarians (BIALL) in November 2022. The article, which is also written by Helen and Felicity, provides guidance on how to use Moys classification, explaining the features that enable the scheme to be expanded to accommodate new subject areas. The article also explains some of the features which ensure the scheme remains relevant to legal libraries today. Sections from the classification scheme, as published in the fifth edition, appear in the article text. In addition, any references to page numbers are to the fifth edition.