bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of pH and Incubation Time on Dissolved Nitrogen During Autolityc Degradation of Chicken Intestine
Authors: Aulia Eldiani , Sjaifullah Achmad , Handayani Wuryanti , Busroni  , Oktavianawati Ika , Reza Muhammad 
Published: June 2023

Chicken intestine is a part of internal organs, which are rich in protein and protease enzymes. The protease enzyme could self-degrade (autolytic degradation process) proteins in the chicken intestine at an appropriate pH and incubation time. This process produces a shorter chain polypeptide having a higher solubility protein called protein hydrolysates. Protein hydrolysates have shown a good impact in foods and health applications. In this study, the autolytic degradation of chicken intestine was carried out to obtain protein hydrolysates. The effect of pH and incubation time on the dissolved nitrogen (%N) and protein content ([protein]) in hydrolysate from the autolytic degradation of chicken intestine explained in this paper. The incubation pH used in this study was 2.5, 3.5, 5.5., and 6.3 while the the incubation time was 0, 6, 12, and 18 h. Chicken intestine was incubated for 18 h at several different pHs, and the % N and protein content were determined by using Formol titration and Bradford methods, respectively, within 6 h intervals. It was obtained the % N and [protein] content increase at pH 2.5 and 3.5 during 18 h of incubation time and they were decreased at a higher pH. The optimum % N and [protein] content were 5.98±0.51 % and 25.3±0.04 mg mL-1, respectively, obtained at pH of 2.5 during 18 h incubation time.
Comparative Analysis of Tea And Non-Tea Consumers In South West, Nigeria
Authors: . Oladokun , O.M. Yetunde 
Published: June 2023

African nations that produce tea include Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Nigeria. Tea drinking is widespread across all demographic groups in Nigeria. Revenue from tea production is US$4.62bn in 2023 and the market is expected to grow yearly by 11.04%. The study did a comparative analysis of tea and non-tea consumers in Southwest, Nigeria. The study was carried out in the South west geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Two states were selected (Oyo and Osun States). Information was obtained from 252 respondents using a well-structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis and linear regression analytical techniques were used in this study. The mean age of tea consumers is 40.1 ± 13.8 while the mean age of non-tea consumers is 40.8 ± 15.6. Females consume tea compared to their male counterparts in South west. The mean household size of tea consumers is 4.4 ± 3.6, for non-tea consumers it is 3.7 ± 2.0. Fifty-one percent of tea consumers reside in rural areas and 60% of non-tea consumers reside also in rural areas. The brand of tea mostly consumed in South west is Lipton. The variables significant at different levels are age, educational level, income, price of tea, brand of tea and tea affordability. The reasons why respondents were not consuming tea were high cost, availability, causes harm, low/no knowledge, taste and no/low budget. It is recommended that the public should be sensitised on the need to consume tea and companies should produce tea of different tastes and flavours for consumers to choose from.
Significance of Microbes and their Role in Pest Management in Tea Ecosystem
Authors: Deka B. , Sarkar Suman , Modak Debrishi , Babu Azariah 
Published: June 2023

Tea crop damage is caused by mites and insect pests, and each year a significant amount of crop loss is occurring due to their damage. Synthetic pesticides' efficiency has allowed them to be widely used as a control tool for several decades. Synthetic pesticides, on the other hand, have resulted in the development of insect pest resistance, pollution, and pesticide residues in the finished product, among many other issues, forcing the planting community to look for an alternative strategy. Microbial pesticides have been used to combat mite and insect pest-damaging tendencies, and a substantial portion of scientific evidence indicates that their actions are both desirable and environmentally beneficial. In recent years, there has been a lot more emphasis on the use of natural enemies such as entomopathogens for pest control. entomopathogenic microorganisms (EM) expands the range of pest control possibilities. Eco-friendly alternatives to existing agricultural pesticides that are employed to manage insect pests and improve agricultural sustainability are being developed. The study summarises current knowledge on EM (entomopathogenic fungi, nematodes, viruses, bacteria, etc) as it relates to their present application as biological pest management.
Removal of Old Leaves and Soil Touching Unproductive Branches of Tea Bushes for Controlling Red Rust Disease in Bangladesh.
Authors: Islam Mohammed Syeful , Himel Raihan M. 
Published: June 2023

Only leaf reduction (Cultural measure), in treatment T4 [treated with leaf removal above 15 inches (38.10 cm) from ground level], maximum yield (2185.00 kgha-1) was found resulted 21.64% more over the control. T3 [10 inches (25.40 cm)] and T5 [20 inches (50.80 cm)] gave similar response having 20 and 20.68% increased yield over the control. The lowest severity (21.38 PDI) was found in T5 [20 inches (50.80 cm)] that was statistically identical to T4 [15 inches (38.10 cm)] and T3 [10 inches (25.40 cm)] having a decrease trend of 58.28%, 50.26% and 42.59% respectively. There is 92.99% impact of leaf reduction in reducing disease severity of red rust having a decrease trend of 7.2 PDI for removal of leaf by 5 inches (12.70 cm) from the soil level. Similarly there is 81.44% impact of leaf reduction in increasing yield of made tea (kg ha-1) having an increase trend of 103.01 unit for removal of leaf by 5 inches (12.70 cm) from the soil level. In leaf reduction (Cultural measure) with one round chemical application, treatment T13 [treated with leaf removal above 15 inches (38.10 cm) from ground level with one round of Carbendazim 50 WP] gave maximum yield (2,310.00 kgha-1) resulted 28.61% more over the control followed by T15 [20 inches (50.80 cm) with one round of Carbendazim 50 WP] and T14 [20 inches (50.80 cm) with one round of Copper-oxichloride 50 WP] having 28.18 and 27.69% increased yield of made tea. Lowest severity (9.63 PDI) was found in T15 [20 inches (50.80 cm) with one round of Carbendazim 50 WP] having 41.21% reduction over control followed by identical PDI in T12 [15 inches (38.10 cm) with one round of Copper-oxichloride 50 WP], T13 [15 inches (38.10 cm) with one round of Carbendazim 50 WP] and T14 [20 inches (50.80 cm) with one round of Copper-oxichloride 50 WP] having 77.40, 77.31 and 77.79% reduction respectively. There is 78.24% impact in reducing disease severity of red rust having a decrease trend of 2.23 PDI for removal of leaf by 5 inches (12.70 cm) from the soil level with one round chemical fungicide application. Similarly there is 51.76% impact in increasing yield of made tea (kg ha-1) having an increase trend of 30.21 unit for removal of leaf by 5 inches (12.70 cm) from the soil level with one round chemical fungicide. From the benefit cost analysis it is projected that the treatment T3 [10 inches (25.40 cm)] received the highest marginal rate of return (1202.17%) followed by 1152.17% in treatment T4 [treated with leaf removal above 15 inches (38.10 cm). One round of systemic fungicides like Carbendazim 50 WP with this cultural practice gave 1034.21% and 1091.42% marginal rate of return respectively. Considering yield of made tea, disease severity and benefit cost analysis viewpoint, it can be concluded that, the cost effective treatment is removal of soil touching old leaves attached with tea bushes of MSK and LSK pruned sections within 10 inches (25.40 cm) to 15 inches (38.10 cm) from the soil level.
Glycemic Index of Rice by Several Processing Methods
Authors: Purbowati Purbowati , Kumalasari Isti 
Published: June 2023

Background: In diabetes mellitus patients, one of the efforts to control normal blood glucose levels is to eat low glycemic index foods. Rice is an Indonesian staple food that contains carbohydrates. Several methods of processing could affect the glycemic index of rice.
Objectives: To analyze the glycemic index of rice processed by several methods.
Methods: The design used was quasi-experimental. A total of ten people with criteria of healthy, aged 19-29 years, having normal body mass index and blood glucose levels were used in this study. Subjects were given five treatments. Treatment: 1) was given glucose as a reference, 2) was given rice that was traditionally processed and just cooked, 3) was given rice that was traditionally processed and had been stored at room temperature (25°C) for 12 hours, 4) was given rice that was electronically processed and just cooked, and 5) was given rice that was processed in a modern way and had been stored for 12 hours in magic com at hot temperature. Among the treatments, there was a gap of 7 days.
Results: Traditionally processed rice has a glycemic index of 21.6, increasing to 24.7 after being stored at room temperature for 12 hours. Meanwhile, processed electronic rice has a glycemic index of 22.9 and increases to 36,4 after being stored in a rice cooker (hot temperature) for 12 hours.
Conclusions: The four rice groups processed by various methods had low glycemic index values. Rice stored for 12 hours had a higher glycemic index value than freshly cooked rice.
Pengaruh Karakteristik Wilayah dan Otonomi Perempuan terhadap Praktik Pemberian Makan Bayi dan Anak
Authors: Synthesa Putricia , Hartono Djoni 
Published: June 2023

Latar Belakang: Praktik pemberian makan bayi dan anak (PMBA) yang sesuai pada anak usia 6-23 bulan sangat penting untuk pertumbuhannya dan dapat mencegah stunting. Adanya variasi yang tinggi antar provinsi mengenai gizi menyebabkan pentingnya menganalisis berdasarkan variabel kontekstual pada level provinsi.
Tujuan: Bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh variabel kontekstual dan variabel otonomi perempuan dan mempelajari efek perbedaan dari dua variabel tersebut terhadap PMBA pada tiga indikator utama yaitu MDD, MMF, dan MAD.
Metode: Menggunakan analisis regresi logistik multilevel dari data SDKI 2017 dengan sampel penelitian 4.923 dari Ibu berstatus kawin dan tinggal bersama pasangan yang memiliki anak terakhir usia 6-23 bulan. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini PMBA apakah sudah sesuai rekomendasi WHO atau tidak yang nantinya dibagi dalam tiga kelompok yaitu Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF), Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD), dan Miminum Acceptable Diet (MAD). Variabel independen yaitu variabel tidak terikat pada level individu dan variabel tidak terikat (kontekstual) pada level provinsi. Selain itu juga akan dilihat pengaruh dari variabel interaksi.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabel kontekstual yang berasosiasi dengan praktik pemberian makan bayi dan anak adalah persentase penduduk miskin dan persentase fasilitas kesehatan. Sedangkan pada level individu beberapa indikator variabel otonomi dan beserta variabel umur Ibu, klasifikasi tempat tinggal, akses Ibu terhadap internet, umur anak dan pendidikan suami memiliki asosiasi terhadap PMBA pada 3 indikator yang digunakan. Variabel interaksi menunjukkan adanya efek perbedaan pengaruh variabel otonomi perempuan dan variabel kontekstual terhadap PMBA.
Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil variabel karakteristik wilayah, otonomi perempuan dan variabel interaksi di antara keduanya dapat mempengaruhi PMBA.
Faktor Determinan Panjang Badan Bayi Lahir Pendek sebagai Faktor Risiko Stunting di Jawa Barat
Authors: Judiono Judiono , Priawantiputri Witri , Indraswari Noormarina , Widawati Mutiara , Ipa Mara , Megawati Ginna , Prasetyowati Heni , Marhaeni Dewi 
Published: June 2023

Latar Belakang: Bayi lahir dengan panjang badan pendek merupakan salah satu prediktor penyebab stunting.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji determinan faktor panjang badan lahir yang merupakan faktor risiko stunting di kemudian hari.
Metode: Desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional yang menggunakan data sekunder Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) tahun 2021. Populasi adalah semua rumah tangga biasa yang mewakili 33 provinsi. Sampel adalah bayi terdata pada studi SSGI 2021 di blok sensus Jawa Barat sebanyak 7.112 bayi. Data dikumpulkan adalah panjang badan bayi, berbagai faktor saat Ibu hamil bayi tersebut seperti usia Ibu, tempat tinggal, tingkat pendidikan Ibu, pekerjaan, kepemilikan JKN/Jamkesda, pernah mendapatkan tablet tambah darah, tempat melahirkan, penolong persalinan, kepemilikan kartu keluarga sejahtera, sosial ekonomi, dan jumlah anggota keluarga. Data dianalisis secara bivariat dan multivariat. Variabel yang memenuhi syarat dianalisis dengan uji regresi logistik berganda dengan ingkat kemaknaan p<0,05.
Hasil: Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan faktor mempengaruhi panjang badan anak saat lahir adalah kepemilikan jaminan kesehatan (JKN) dan penerimaan tablet tambah darah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan Ibu yang tidak memiliki jaminan kesehatan (JKN) beresiko untuk melahirkan bayi panjang badan pendek sebesar 4,526 kali. Ibu yang pernah menerima tablet tambah darah 0,196 kali lebih kecil kemungkinannya untuk memiliki bayi panjang badan pendek dibandingkan dengan Ibu yang tidak pernah menerima tablet tambah darah.
Kesimpulan: Faktor yang mempengaruhi panjang badan lahir pendek adalah kepemilikan JKN/Jamkesmas dan penerimaan tablet tambah darah. Direkomendasikan perlu dilanjutkan intervensi gizi spesifik melalui pemberian tablet tambah darah dan juga intervensi gizi sensitif melalui program jaminan kesehatan dalam mencegah bayi lahir pendek.
Autonomous Inflow Control Valve for Medium-Light Oil and Its Effective Performance
Authors: Langaas K. , Gisholt E. , Bjerke A. , Mathiesen V. 
Published: June 2023

Summary
Many horizontal oil wells will after a time start producing unwanted fluids. Autonomous inflow control valves may help to choke these unwanted fluids and consequently improve carbon efficiency. This paper publishes new experimental data describing how an autonomous inflow control valve manages medium-light oil (6 cp), water, and gas at reservoir conditions. A further objective is to evaluate how this valve might impact well performance under various conditions.
To verify the single- and multiphase flow behavior of the valve, extensive flow loop experiments were performed. Initial testing was done in a model fluid laboratory, while a more extensive test was performed at reservoir conditions (i.e., with formation water, reservoir oil, and hydrocarbon gas at the given reservoir temperature and pressure). To explore and understand the impact of this valve for various reservoir scenarios, a simple conceptual reservoir model with realistic boundary conditions was used.
At various differential pressures, the single-phase oil, water, and gas rates were measured. Performance at varying water and gas fractions was measured to get an improved understanding and knowledge of multiphase flow occurring in a well. The results show clearly that the valve will choke gas and water effectively, both at single-phase and multiphase flow conditions. The reservoir and model fluid evaluations show consistent results. The valve shows roughly a monotonic decreasing total rate with decreasing oil fraction, implying that the valve will always prioritize sections with the largest oil fraction. A mathematical model match of the valve performance is possible via the 10-parameter extended autonomous inflow control device (AICD) equation that enables practical evaluation of the valve in industry-standard reservoir simulators. Various scenarios are explored with a conceptual reservoir model, and the autonomous inflow control valve shows its capacity to reduce water production and enable a more gradual and controlled increase in gas/oil ratio for most scenarios. The autonomous inflow control valve shows its largest potential to reduce unwanted fluids and increase oil recovery when used in segmented reservoirs. In cases with uncertain aquifer and/or gas cap strength, or large variation in effective permeability, the valve will make an infill well more robust as it autonomously adapts to reality, chokes unwanted fluids, and consequently enables more carbon-efficient reservoir management.
Pipe Viscometer for Continuous Viscosity and Density Measurement of Oil Well Barrier Materials
Authors: Lima V. N. , Randeberg E. , Taheri A. , Skadsem H. J. 
Published: June 2023

Summary
The barrier material is a crucial component for wells, as it provides mechanical support to the casing and prevents the uncontrolled flow of formation fluids, ensuring zonal isolation. One of the essential prerequisites for the success of cementing an oil and gas well is the efficient removal of in-situ fluids and their adequate replacement by the barrier material. The quality of the mud displacement is affected by both the density and the viscosity hierarchy among subsequent fluids. Consequently, accurate and reliable measurement of fluid properties can help ensure consistent large-scale mixing of cementing fluids and verification that the properties of the mixed fluid are according to plan. In this paper, we investigate the implementation of a pipe viscometer for future automated measurements of density and viscosity of materials for zonal isolation and perform a sequential validation of the viscometer that starts with small-scale batch mixing and characterization of particle-free calibration liquids, followed by conventional Class G cement and selected new barrier materials. Finally, a larger-scale validation of the pipe viscometer was performed by integrating it into a yard-scale batch mixer for in-line characterization of expanding Class G oilwell cement mixing. In all cases, flow curves derived from pipe viscosity measurements were compared with offline measurements using a rheometer and a conventional oilfield viscometer. After a series of measurements and comparisons, the investigated in-line measurement system proved adequate for viscosity estimation. The flow curve of the barrier materials showed results similar to measurements using a conventional viscometer, validating the proposed test configuration to continuously measure the rheological behavior of the barrier material. The pipe viscometer flow curves are generally found to be in good quantitative agreement with independent viscometer characterization of the fluids, although some of the pipe viscometer measurements likely exhibited entrance length effects. Future improvements to the pipe viscometer design involve the assessment of even longer pipe sections to allow full flow development at the highest shear rate range and possibly different pipe diameters to improve the measurement resolution of low-shear rate viscosity.
RETRACTED: Quality testing of mifepristone and misoprostol in 11 countries
Authors: Bower Jason , Chinery Lester , Fleurent Alessandra , Gülmezoglu A. Metin , Im-Amornphong Wallada , Kilfedder Catherine , Procter Petra , Tomazzini Alessandra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Anthraquinone-Based Silicate Covalent Organic Frameworks as Solid Electrolyte Interphase for High-Performance Lithium-Metal Batteries
Authors: Kim Yoonseob , Li Chen , Wang Dan-dong , Ho Gerald Siu Hang Poon , Zhang Zhengyang , Huang Jun , Bang Ki-Taek , Lau Chun Yin , Leu Shao-Yuan , Wang Yanming 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Lithium (Li)-metal batteries (LMBs) have the highest theoretical energy density of current battery designs and thus have enormous potential for use in energy storage. However, the safety problems caused by dendrite growth and unstable interphases on the Li anode severely impede their development. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) containing either redox-active or anionic moieties on their backbones have high Li-ion (Li+) conductivities and mechanical/chemical stabilities, so are promising for solid-electrolyte interphases in LMBs. Here, we synthesized anthraquinone-based silicate COFs (AQ-Si-COFs) that contained both redox-active and anionic sites via condensation of tetrahydroxy-anthraquinone with silicon dioxide. The nine Li+ mediated charge/discharge processes enabled the AQ-Si-COF to demonstrate a Li+ conductivity of 9.8 mS cm− 1 at room temperature and a single-ion-conducting transference number of 0.92. Computational studies also supported the nine Li+ mechanism. We used AQ-Si-COF as the solid electrolyte interphase on the Li anode. The LMB cells achieved a maximum reversible capacity of 188 mAh g− 1 at 0.25 C during high-voltage operation. Moreover, this LMB cell demonstrated suppressed dendrite growth and stable cyclability, with its capacity decreasing by less than 3% over 100 cycles. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of our redox-active and anionic COFs and that they should have practical utility in LMB-based energy-storage devices.
Factorial validity and comparability of the six translations of the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire translations: Results from the CENTER-TBI study
Authors: Zeldovich Marina , Bockhop Fabian , Covic Amra , Mueller Isabelle , Polinder Suzanne , Mikolic Ana , Vlegel Marjolein van der , von Steinbuechel Nicole , investigators and the CENTER-TBI participants and 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Comparison of patient-reported outcomes in multilingual studies requires evidence of the equivalence of translated versions of the questionnaires. The present study examines the factorial validity and comparability of six language versions of the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) administered to individuals following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research (CENTER-TBI) study.
Methods
Six competing RPQ models were estimated using data from Dutch (n = 597), English (n = 223), Finnish (n = 213), Italian (n = 268), Norwegian (n = 263), and Spanish (n = 254) language samples recruited six months after injury. To determine whether the same latent construct was measured by the best-fitting model across languages and TBI severity groups (mild/moderate vs. severe), measurement invariance (MI) was tested using a confirmatory factor analysis framework.
Results
The results did not indicate a violation of the MI assumption. The six RPQ translations were largely comparable across languages and were able to capture the same construct across TBI severity groups. The three-factor solution comprising emotional, cognitive, and somatic factors provided the best fit with the following indices for the total sample: χ2(101) = 647.04, \({\chi }^{2}/df\)= 6.41, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.995, TLI = 0.994, RMSEA = 0.055, CI90%[0.051, 0.059], SRMR = 0.051.
Conclusion
The RPQ can be used in international research and clinical settings, allowing direct comparisons of scores across languages analyzed within the full spectrum of TBI severity. To strengthen the aggregated applicability across languages, further analyses of the utility of the response scale and comparisons between different translations of the RPQ at the item level are recommended.