bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeat turnover meets stable chromosomes: repetitive DNA sequences mark speciation and gene pool boundaries in sugar beet and wild beets
Authors: Schmidt Nicola , Sielemann Katharina , Breitenbach Sarah , Fuchs Jörg , Pucker Boas , Weisshaar Bernd , Holtgräwe Daniela , Heitkam Tony 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundSugar beet (Beta vulgarissubsp.vulgaris) and its crop wild relatives share a base chromosome number of nine and similar chromosome morphologies. Yet, interspecific breeding is impeded by chromosome and sequence divergence that is still not fully understood. Since repetitive DNA sequences represent the fastest evolving parts of the genome, they likely impact genomic variability and contribute to the separation of beet gene pools. Hence, we investigated if innovations and losses in the repeatome can be linked to chromosomal differentiation and speciation.ResultsWe traced genome- and chromosome-wide evolution across sugar beet and twelve wild beets comprising all sections of the beet generaBetaandPatellifolia. For this, we combined data from short and long read sequencing, flow cytometry, and cytogenetics to build a comprehensive data framework for our beet panel that spans the complete scale from DNA sequence to chromosome up to the genome.Genome sizes and repeat profiles reflect the separation of the beet species into three gene pools. These gene pools harbor repeats with contrasting evolutionary patterns: We identified section- and species-specific repeat emergences and losses, e.g. of the retrotransposons causal for genome expansions in the sectionCorollinae/Nanae. Since most genomic variability was found in the satellite DNAs, we focused on tracing the 19 beetSat families across the three beet sections/genera. These taxa harbor evidence for contrasting strategies in repeat evolution, leading to contrasting satellite DNA profiles and fundamentally different centromere architectures, ranging from chromosomal uniformity inBetaandPatellifoliaspecies to the formation of patchwork chromosomes inCorollinae/Nanaespecies.ConclusionsWe show that repetitive DNA sequences are causal for genome size expansion and contraction across the beet genera, providing insights into the genomic underpinnings of beet speciation. Satellite DNAs in particular vary considerably among beet taxa, leading to the evolution of distinct chromosomal setups. These differences likely contribute to the barriers in beet breeding between the three gene pools. Thus, with their isokaryotypic chromosome sets, beet genomes present an ideal system for studying the link between repeats, genome variability, and chromosomal differentiation/evolution and provide a theoretical basis for understanding barriers in crop breeding.
Dog Ecology and Rabies Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) in the Northern Communal Areas of Namibia
Authors: Tenzin Tenzin , Hikufe Emmanuel , Hedimbi Nehemia , Athingo Rauna , Shikongo Beatrice , Shuro Thompson , Iipinge Johannes , Herman Nelson , Naunyango Matias , Haufiku Frenada , Peter Josephat , Hango Laina , Gottlieb Sara , Shoombe Kenneth , Denzin Nicolai , Busch Frank , Lohr Frederic , Letshwenyo Moetapele , Torres Gregorio , Freuling Conrad M. , Müller Thomas , Shilongo Albertina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn 2021, a comprehensive dog demographic questionnaire combined with a KAP survey were conducted in the northern communal areas (NCAs) of Namibia with the aim of gaining a better understanding of dog populations, owner behaviour, and knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) relating to rabies. The survey of 3,726 households across the eight regions of the NCAs provided insights that will inform interventions on order to improve human rabies prevention and Namibia’s dog rabies control strategy. The results showed a relatively low average human/dog ratio (HDR) of 5.4:1 indicating a surprisingly high dog population of at least 272,000 dogs in the NCAs, 93% of which appear to be owned but are free-roaming. Data analysis revealed opportunities but also highlighted needs for improvements in rabies surveillance and mass dog vaccinations. Although knowledge, attitude, and practice scores towards epidemiologic and clinical aspects, human rabies prevention, and canine rabies vaccination were deemed to be acceptable, the survey nevertheless revealed deficiencies in some of the population. Interestingly, data seemed to indicate a certain number of unreported human rabies cases. Other findings included the very high number of dogs. However, only 50% of dog-owning households reported having vaccinated their dogs. In order to address these issues, the planning, announcement, and implementation of mass dog vaccination campaigns need to be adapted to achieve adequate vaccination coverage. Another focus needs to be on rabies awareness and education if Namibia is to be significantly contributing to the global goal of “Zero by 30”.Author SummaryAs a neglected disease, rabies remains a major One Health problem in Africa and Asia. Here we report the results of an extensive community survey on dog ownership and knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to rabies control and prevention, covering the Northern Communal Areas of Namibia. Our results showed that the dog population is large with a human/dog ratio (HDR) of 5.4:1, of which the vast majority is free-roaming thus supporting disease transmission but complicating control efforts. The majority of people across this part of Namibia were aware of rabies and had acceptable levels of attitudes and practices. While dog bite incidences per 100,000 people were high, ranging between 262 and 1,369, more than 90% of bite victims reported having visited a hospital after a bite incident. Still, gaps in dog rabies surveillance exist and incomplete or missing post exposure prophylaxes caused human casualties and call for ongoing interventions aimed at increasing knowledge and awareness.
NMR structure of the carboxy-terminal domain of the Ea22 pro-lysogenic protein from lambda bacteriophage
Authors: Goddard Cameron , Nejman-Faleńczyk Bożena , Donaldson Logan W 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTheea22gene resides in a relatively uncharacterized region of the lambda bacteriophage genome between theexoandxisgenes and is among the earliest genes transcribed upon infection. In lambda and Shiga toxin-producing phages found in enterohemorrhagicE. coli(EHEC) associated with food poisoning, Ea22 favors a lysogenic over lytic developmental state. The Ea22 protein may be considered in terms of three domains: a short amino-terminal domain, a coiled-coiled domain, and a carboxy-terminal domain (CTD). While the full-length protein is tetrameric, the CTD is dimeric when expressed individually. Here, we report the NMR solution structure of the Ea22 CTD that is described by a mixed alpha-beta fold with a dimer interface reinforced by salt bridges. A conserved mobile loop may serve as a ligand for an unknown host protein that works with Ea22 to promote bacterial survival and the formation of new lysogens. From sequence and structural comparisons, the CTD distinguishes lambda Ea22 from homologs encoded by Shiga toxin-producing bacteriophages.
Loss ofRND3/RHOEcontrols entosis throughLAMP1expression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Basbous Sara , Dif Lydia , Dantzer Camille , Di-Tommaso Sylvaine , Dupuy Jean-William , Bioulac-Sage Paulette , Raymond Anne-Aurélie , Desdouets Chantal , Saltel Frédéric , Moreau Violaine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEntosis is a process that leads to the formation of cell-in-cell structures commonly found in cancers. Here, we identified entosis in hepatocellular carcinoma and the loss of Rnd3 as an efficient inducer of this mechanism. We characterized the different stages and the molecular regulators of entosis induced after Rnd3 silencing. We demonstrated that this process depends on RhoA/ROCK pathway, but not on E-cadherin. The proteomic profiling of entotic cells allowed us to identify LAMP1 as a protein upregulated by Rnd3 silencing and implicated not only in the degradation final stage of entosis, but also in the full mechanism. Moreover, we found a positive correlation between the presence of entotic cells and the metastatic potential of tumors in human patient samples. Altogether, these data suggest the involvement of entosis in liver tumor progression and highlight a new perspective for entosis analysis in medicine research as a novel therapeutic target.
Rof is a key regulator of Rho and transcription termination in bacteria
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Shuo , Zhou Wei , Zhang Xiang , Li Guanjin , Li Luoxuan , Lin Xingyu , Liu Fang , Gao Yue , Chen Zhenguo , Chao Yanjie , Wang Chengyuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTranscription is crucial for the expression of genetic information and its efficient and accurate termination is required for all living organisms. Rho-dependent termination could rapidly terminate unwanted premature RNAs and play important roles in bacterial adaptation to changing environments. Although Rho has been discovered for about five decades, the regulation mechanisms of Rho-dependent termination are still not fully elucidated. Here we report the cryogenic electron microscopy structure of Rho-Rof antitermination complex. The structure shows that Rof binds to the open-ring Rho hexamer and inhibits the initiation of Rho-dependent termination. Rof’s N-terminal α-helix is key in facilitating Rof-Rho interactions. Rof binds to Rho’s primary binding site (PBS) and excludes Rho from binding with PBS ligand RNA at the initiation step. Further in vivo assays inSalmonella Typhimuriumshow that Rof is required for virulence gene expression and host cell invasion, unveiling a novel physiological function of Rof and transcription termination in bacterial pathogenesis.
Chemoproteomic profiling of 8-oxoguanosine-sensitive RNA-protein interactions
Authors: Villers Jennifer , McCann Smith Eliana , DeLiberto Amanda N. , Arguello A. Emilia , Nyaanga Joy , Kleiner Ralph E. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTCellular nucleic acids are subject to assault by endogenous and exogenous agents that can perturb the flow of genetic information. Oxidative stress leads to the accumulation of 8-oxoguanine (8OG) on DNA and RNA. 8OG lesions on mRNA negatively impact translation, but their effect on global RNA-protein interactions is largely unknown. Here, we apply an RNA chemical proteomics approach to investigate the effect of 8OG on RNA-protein binding. We find proteins that bind preferentially to 8OG-modified RNA, including IGF2BP1-3 and hnRNPD, and proteins that are repelled by 8OG such as RBM4. We characterize these interactions using biochemical and biophysical assays to quantify the effect of 8OG on binding and show that a single 8OG abolishes binding of RBM4 to its preferred CGG-containing substrate. Taken together, our work establishes the molecular consequences of 8OG on cellular RNA-protein binding and provides a framework for interrogating the role of RNA oxidation in biological systems.
Engineering Quorum Quenching Acylases with Improved Kinetic and Biochemical Properties
Authors: Sompiyachoke Kitty , Elias Mikael H. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTMany Gram-negative bacteria respond toN-acyl-L-homoserine lactone (AHL) signals to coordinate phenotypes such as biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Quorum-quenching enzymes, such as acylases, chemically degrade AHL signals, prevent signal reception by bacteria, and inhibit undesirable traits related to biofilm. These capabilities make these enzymes appealing candidates for controlling microbes. Yet, enzyme candidates with high activity levels, high substrate specificity for specific interference, and that are capable of being formulated into materials are needed. In this work, we undertook engineering efforts against two AHL acylases, PvdQ and MacQ, to obtain improved acylase variants. The engineering of acylase is complicated by low-throughput enzymatic assays. To alleviate this challenge, we report a time-course kinetic assay for AHL acylase that tracks the real-time production of homoserine lactone. Using the protein one-stop shop server (PROSS), we identified variants of PvdQ that were significantly stabilized, with melting point increases of up to 13.2 °C, which translated into high resistance against organic solvents and increased compatibility with material coatings. We also generated mutants of MacQ with considerably improved kinetic properties, with >10-fold increases againstN-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone andN-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone. In fact, the variants presented here exhibit unique combinations of stability and activity levels. Accordingly, these changes resulted in increased quenching abilities using a biosensor model and greater inhibition of virulence factor production ofPseudomonas aeruginosaPA14. While the crystal structure of one of the MacQ variants, M1, did not reveal obvious structural determinants explaining the observed changes in kinetics, it allowed for the capture of an acyl-enzyme intermediate that confirms a previously hypothesized catalytic mechanism of AHL acylases.Abstract Figure
Antecedents of voice endorsement: a communication perspective
Authors: Wang Tingxi , Xu Yue , Li Jie 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
The final effectiveness of employee voice largely depends on voice endorsement. This study aims to review, assess, analyze and synthesize the emerging literature on voice endorsement by focusing on its antecedents to promote future research from a comprehensive perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on an integrative review of the literature, the authors conducted a content analysis of 53 peer-reviewed journal articles.

Findings
Building on the Shannon–Weaver communication model, this paper summarizes that factors influencing voice endorsement can be classified into five prominent aspects: voicer, voiced idea, contextual factors and noises, voice channel (medium) and voice receiver.

Practical implications
This research holds important implications for practice, providing practical guidelines for employees to speak up, for leaders to endorse voice and for organizations to maintain sustainable development by making full use of employee voice.

Originality/value
This review enriches voice endorsement research by introducing a communication framework to synthesize its antecedents and extends the application of the communication model in organization research. Additionally, the authors offer directions for future research.
Effect of populism on the internationalization of emerging market firms
Authors: Alcaraz Jorge , Martinez-Suarez Julio , Montoya Miguel A. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to determine whether policy uncertainty caused by institutional decay in countries with populist rulers influences the internationalization decision of emerging market firms (EMFs).

Design/methodology/approach
The study used binary logit analysis on firms from Latin American countries undertaking cross-border greenfield investment projects.

Findings
The results suggest that internationalization decision is demotivated by policy uncertainty generated by populist chief executives and promoted by that of political parties.

Originality/value
This study uses populist rhetoric to describe policy uncertainty due to chief executives and ruling parties, which influences internationalization decision by increasing anticipated transaction costs. This inquiry identifies populism as a variable that influences EMFs to internationalize, while empirically testing the claim of theoretical scholarship that populism reconfigured the sociopolitical and institutional forces that shape the world’s business. This study further advances institutional theory by offering a fresh perspective on the influence of home instead of host-country institutions on the internationalization motivation of firms due to institutional decay caused by populist regimes.
Disparities in work-integrated learning experiences for students who present as women: an international study of biases, barriers, and challenges
Authors: Bowen Tracey , Drysdale Maureen T.B. , Callaghan Sarah , Smith Sally , Johansson Kristina , Smith Colin , Walsh Barbara , Berg Tessa 
Published: September 2023

PurposeThis study identifies gendered disparities among women students participating in work-integrated learning and explores the effects of the disparities on their perceptions on perceived opportunities, competencies, sense of belonging, and professional identity.Design/methodology/approachA series of semi-structured focus groups were run with 59 participants at six higher education institutions in four countries (Australia, Canada, Sweden, United Kingdom). All focus groups were designed with the same questions and formatting.FindingsThematic analysis of the transcripts revealed two overarching themes, namely perceptions of self and interactions with others in work placements. Theme categories included awareness of self-presentation, sense of autonomy, perceived Allies, emotional labour, barriers to opportunity, sense of belonging, intersections of identity, and validation value.Originality/valueThis study fills an important gap in the international literature about gendered experiences in WIL and highlights inequalities that women experience while on work placements.
Observations from three years of online pandemic learning response on OpenWHO
Authors: Utunen Heini , Appuhamy Ranil , Attias Melissa , Ndiaye Ngouille , George Richelle , Arabi Elham , Tokar Anna 
Published: September 2023

PurposeOpenWHO is the World Health Organization's online learning platform that was launched in 2017. The COVID-19 pandemic led to massive growth in the number of courses, enrolments and reach of the platform. The platform is built on a stable and scalable basis that can host a large volume of learners. The authors aim to identify key factors that led to this growth.Design/methodology/approachIn this research paper, the authors examined OpenWHO metadata, end-of-course surveys and internal processes using a quantitative approach.FindingsOpenWHO metadata showed that the platform has hosted over 190 health courses in 65 languages and over seven million course enrolments. Since the onset of the pandemic, there have been more women, older people and people from middle income countries accessing courses than before. Following data analysis of the platform metadata and course production process, it was found that several key factors contributed to the growth of the platform. First, OpenWHO has a standardised course production pathway that ensures efficiency, consistency and quality. Further, providing courses in different languages increased its reach to a variety of populations throughout the world. For this, multi-language translation is achieved through a network of translators and an automated system to ensure the efficient translation of learning products. Lastly, it was found that access was promoted for learners with disabilities by optimising accessibility in course production. Data analysis of learner feedback surveys for selected courses showed that the courses were well received in that learners found it useful to complete courses that were self-paced and flexible. In addition, results indicated that preferred learning methods included videos, downloadable documents, slides, quizzes and learning exercises.Originality/valueLessons learnt from the WHO's learning response will help prepare researchers for the next health emergency to ensure timely, equitable access to quality health knowledge for everyone. Findings of this study will provide valuable insights for educators, policymakers and researchers in the field who intend to use online learning to optimise knowledge acquisition and performance.
How to integrate ports into the EU ETS: the CAS approach perspective
Authors: Ayaz İlke Sezin , Bucak Umur , Esmer Soner 
Published: September 2023

PurposeThe European Union's Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), which is already one of the EU's most impactful instruments for reducing greenhouse gases (GHGs), will soon include the maritime transport industry. Although ports are this industry's most environmental-friendly component, there are still some barriers to including ports in the system. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to identify these barriers and to reveal the barriers' interrelationships.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted by identifying barriers from a literature review before analyzing the barriers with the Fuzzy DEMATEL method. Finally, based on the Complex Adaptive System Approach, various solutions are proposed to overcome these barriers.FindingsThe identified barriers were grouped into cause-and-effect groups. Two barriers, namely long payback period and high investment costs, were evaluated as triggers of the model while the others were more sensitive to the model.Research limitations/implicationsThis study only includes the perceptions of green certificated ports in Türkiye. The results revealed an expectation that elimination of financial concerns will alleviate other barriers to including ports in the system. The study's findings can guide port managers on the integration of the managers' processes into the system.Originality/valueThis study provides novel findings regarding the relationships between barriers hindering ports from involvement in the EU ETS.
Working from home and job satisfaction: evidence from Russia
Authors: Smirnykh Larisa 
Published: September 2023

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the impact of working from home and its duration on job satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis was conducted on a representative panel data set from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey - Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE) for 2016–2021 using endogenous regression models. The impact of working from home on job satisfaction before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and separately for men and women, was analysed.FindingsWorking from home was found to positively affect job satisfaction in the Russian labour market. From 2016 to 2021, men and women who worked from home were more satisfied with their jobs than their counterparts who did not work from home. The positive impact of working from home on job satisfaction was observed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, remote workers (RWR) putting in more than eight hours per day reported lower job satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsWorking from home can be considered as a measure to combat unemployment, increase employment and improve the utilisation (distribution) of human resources. Further research is required to analyse the impact of health issues and the need to care for young children or infirm persons on job satisfaction in remote work. A more detailed analysis is required of the factors that affect the job satisfaction of women who work remotely.Practical implicationsTo ensure that labour productivity increases and not decreases, employers are advised to develop more detailed working arrangements and labour management for RWRs. Especially for such assigned workers, task control regulations must be developed. To increase the motivation of individuals to work remotely, overtime should be paid at a higher rate.Social implicationsUnclear working time regulations lead to overwork, irregular working hours and burnout. For RWRs, this leads to lower job satisfaction and a consequent drop in productivity.Originality/valueThe empirical investigation is based on a representative panel of Russian data with six waves. Wide ranges of job characteristics were incorporated as determinants. The problem of causality was investigated. For models with an endogenous regressor, instrumental variables were tested and selected.