bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The comparison of machine learning classification algorithms used to diagnose liver cirrhosis disease and a brief review
Authors: Güneş Oguzhan Mehmet , Kasap Pelin , Çorba Zorlu Burcin Seyda 
Published: January 2023

SummaryLiver cirrhosis disease is an important cause of death worldwide. Therefore, early diagnosis of the disease is very important. Machine learning algorithms are frequently used due to its high performance in the field of health, as in many areas. In this study, Multilayer Perceptron‐Artificial Neural Networks, Decision Trees, Random Forest, Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machines, K‐Nearest Neighborhood, and Logistic Regression classification algorithms are used to classify the factors affecting liver cirrhosis. The performances of these algorithms are compared according to the accuracy rate, F measure, sensitivity, specificity and Kappa score on real data obtained from 2000 liver cirrhosis patients, and the factors affecting the disease are classified with the most appropriate algorithm. In addition, more than 50 articles covering both liver disease and classification methods are reviewed and the latest developments are presented in the study.
Computational Study on Chemoselective Difunctionalization of Unactivated Alkenes with Radical‐mediated Remote Functional Group Migration
Authors: Lafzi Ferruh , Eşsiz Selçuk 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA computational study of the radical‐mediated chemoselective difunctionalization of the tertiary alcohol substituted aliphatic alkenes is carried out employing density functional theory (DFT) and high‐level coupled‐cluster methods, such as coupled‐cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples [DLPNO‐CCSD(T)]. Our results indicate that the cyclic vinyl radical plays an important role in the progression of the reactions. Our computations demonstrated that the chemoselective difunctionalization of unactivated alkenes with radical‐mediated remote functional group migration is suitable for the 5‐ and 6‐exo‐dig cyclization, as opposite to 3‐ and 4‐exo‐dig cyclization suffering from cyclic intermediate with high energy. Our results show that the migration of nitrile group is more preferable than that of alkynyl group for the molecules including both cyano group and alkynyl group. For the 5‐ and 6‐exo‐dig cyclization, the rate‐determining step is the homolysis of the C−C σ‐bond in the cyclic intermediate, which results in the hydroxyl alkyl radical.
Improved Photoactivity Of NiO/ZnO Nanorods Heterostructured Films Relying On Scaffold Surface Cleaning And NiO Deposition Time Optimization
Authors: Periyannan Shanmugapriya , Manceriu Laura , Klein Andreas , Jaegermann Wolfram , Henrist Catherine , Cloots Rudi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHerein, a surface cleaning procedure involving vacuum annealing under oxygen was applied for cleaning the zinc oxide nanorod (ZNR) scaffold film's surface before nickel oxide (NiO) deposition for heterostructure formation. The scaffold properties (surface stoichiometry, defects fluctuation, Fermi level shift, carrier concentration) were studied as a function of the vacuum level and the NiO deposition time and correlated to the NiO/ZNR interface (charge transfer resistance, band bending) and photo‐response properties. The surface cleaning under a higher vacuum enabled the adsorbate and surface oxygen vacancy passivation but also influenced the surface doping. Our best performing NiO/ZNR interface in terms of photocatalytic efficiency was composed of a high‐vacuum‐cleaned (0.5 Pa) ZNR scaffold and 40 s sputter deposited NiO layer which was post‐annealed. The high photocatalytic efficiency could be correlated with a maximized near‐band edge emission, effective band bending, low charge transfer resistance (as proven by photoelectrochemical impedance measurements), and optimum light harvesting (maximized photocurrent density). The optimized NiO/ZNR showed about 1.5 times increase in photo‐response and improved photodegradation efficiency compared to the ZNR scaffold.
Chiral separation and quantitation of methylphenidate, ethylphenidate, and ritalinic acid in blood using supercritical fluid chromatography
Authors: Smith Christina , Vikingsson Svante , Kronstrand Robert , Swortwood Madeleine J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSupercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is a technique that analyzes compounds that are temperature‐labile, have moderately low weight, or are chiral compounds. Methylphenidate (MPH) is a chiral compound with two chiral centers. MPH has two chiral metabolites, ethylphenidate (EPH) and ritalinic acid (RA). MPH is sold as a racemic mixture. The d‐enantiomer of threo‐MPH is responsible for medicinal effects. Due to the differing effects of the enantiomers, it is important to analyze the enantiomers individually to better understand their effects. This method utilizes SFCand solid‐phase extraction (SPE) to separate and analyze the enantiomers of MPH, EPH, and RA in postmortem blood. The objective of this method was to assess a unique approach with SFC for enantiomeric separation of MPH, EPH, and RA. A SPE method was developed and optimized to isolate the analytes in blood and validated as fit‐for‐purpose following international guidelines. The linear range for MPH and EPH was 0.25–25 and 10–1000 ng/mL for RA in blood. Bias was −8.6% to 0.8%, and precision was within 15.4% for all analytes. Following method validation, this technique was applied to the analysis of 49 authentic samples previously analyzed with an achiral method. Quantitative results for RA were comparable to achiral technique, whereas there was loss of MPH and EPH over time. The l:d enantiomer ratio was calculated, and MPH demonstrated greater abundance of the d‐enantiomer. This is the first known method to separate and quantify the enantiomers of all three analytes utilizing SFC and SPE.
Comparison of embryonic development, fromHH21toHH40, between ostrich (Struthio camelus) and chicken (Gallus gallus)
Authors: Bai Shibin , Li Shanshan , Li Xiaoping , Zhu Shiyu , Shan Zhixin , Zhang Junpeng , Irwin David M. , Zhang Shuyi , Wang Zhe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe chicken has been a representative model organism to study embryonic development in birds, however important differences exist among this class of species. As a representative of one of oldest existing clades of birds, the African ostrich (Struthio camelus), has the largest body among birds, and has two toes. Our purpose is to establish the corresponding stages in ostrich embryo development that match the well‐established HH system of the chicken to facilitate comparative studies between the ostrich and other birds to better understand differences in development.ResultsHere we describe in detail the middle period of embryonic development using microscopic images and skeletal staining. We found that clear morphological differentiation between the ostrich and the chicken begins at stage 26. Bird limb cartilage first form in stage 25, while the development of the limb skeletons differs after stage 31. Calcification of limb skeletons in the chicken was completed faster. The first and second toes of the ostrich disappear at stages 36 and 38, respectively.ConclusionsThis study should greatly aid ostrich‐related developmental and morphological research and provide a reference for studying the development and evolution of avian limb skeletons, including molecular research. Questions that can now be addressed include studies into the fusion of tarsometatarsal skeleton, ossification, and digit loss.
Generation and characterization of a Ddx4‐iCre transgenic line for deletion in the germline beginning at genital ridge colonization
Authors: Burnet Guillaume , Feng Chun‐Wei Allen , Cheung Ka Man Fiona , Bowles Josephine , Spiller Cassy M. 
Published: January 2023

SummaryGermline‐specific Cre lines are useful for analyses of primordial germ cell, spermatogonial and oogonial development, but also for whole‐body deletions when transmitted through subsequent generations. Several germ cell specific Cre mouse strains exist, with various degrees of specificity, efficiency, and temporal activation. Here, we describe the CRISPR/Cas9 targeted insertion of an improved Cre (iCre) sequence in‐frame at the 3′ end of the Ddx4 locus to generate the Ddx4‐P2A‐iCre allele. Our functional assessment of this new allele, designated Ddx4iCreJoBo, reveals that Cre activity begins in PGCs from at least E10.5, and that it achieves higher efficiency for early gonadal (E10.5–12.5) germline deletion when compared to the inducible Oct4CreERT2 line. We found the Ddx4iCreJoBo allele to be hypomorphic for Ddx4 expression and homozygous males, but not females, were infertile. Using two reporter lines (R26RLacZ and R26RtdTomato) and a floxed gene of interest (Criptoflox) we found ectopic activity in multiple organs; global recombination (a common feature of germline Cre alleles) varies from 10 to 100%, depending on the particular floxed allele. There is a strong maternal effect, and therefore it is preferable for Ddx4iCreJoBo to be inherited from the male parent if ubiquitous deletion is not desired. With these limitations considered, we describe the Ddx4iCreJoBo line as useful for germline studies in which early gonadal deletion is required.
EVIandNDVIas proxies for multifaceted avian diversity in urban areas
Authors: Benedetti Yanina , Callaghan Corey T. , Ulbrichová Iva , Galanaki Antonia , Kominos Theodoros , Abou Zeid Farah , Ibáñez‐Álamo Juan Diego , Suhonen Jukka , Díaz Mario , Markó Gábor , Bussière Raphaël , Tryjanowski Piotr , Bukas Nikos , Mägi Marko , Leveau Lucas , Pruscini Fabio , Jerzak Leszek , Ciebiera Olaf , Jokimäki Jukka , Kaisanlahti‐Jokimäki Marja‐Liisa , Møller Anders Pape , Morelli Federico 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMost ecological studies use remote sensing to analyze broad‐scale biodiversity patterns, focusing mainly on taxonomic diversity in natural landscapes. One of the most important effects of high levels of urbanization is species loss (i.e., biotic homogenization). Therefore, cost‐effective and more efficient methods to monitor biological communities' distribution are essential. This study explores whether the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) can predict multifaceted avian diversity, urban tolerance, and specialization in urban landscapes. We sampled bird communities among 15 European cities and extracted Landsat 30‐meter resolution EVI and NDVI values of the pixels within a 50‐m buffer of bird sample points using Google Earth Engine (32‐day Landsat 8 Collection Tier 1). Mixed models were used to find the best associations of EVI and NDVI, predicting multiple avian diversity facets: Taxonomic diversity, functional diversity, phylogenetic diversity, specialization levels, and urban tolerance. A total of 113 bird species across 15 cities from 10 different European countries were detected. EVI mean was the best predictor for foraging substrate specialization. NDVI mean was the best predictor for most avian diversity facets: taxonomic diversity, functional richness and evenness, phylogenetic diversity, phylogenetic species variability, community evolutionary distinctiveness, urban tolerance, diet foraging behavior, and habitat richness specialists. Finally, EVI and NDVI standard deviation were not the best predictors for any avian diversity facets studied. Our findings expand previous knowledge about EVI and NDVI as surrogates of avian diversity at a continental scale. Considering the European Commission's proposal for a Nature Restoration Law calling for expanding green urban space areas by 2050, we propose NDVI as a proxy of multiple facets of avian diversity to efficiently monitor bird community responses to land use changes in the cities.
Using a demographic model to project the long‐term effects of fire management on tree biomass in Australian savannas
Authors: Murphy Brett P. , Whitehead Peter J. , Evans Jay , Yates Cameron P. , Edwards Andrew C. , MacDermott Harry J. , Lynch Dominique C. , Russell‐Smith Jeremy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTropical savannas are characterized by high primary productivity and high fire frequency, such that much of the carbon captured by vegetation is rapidly returned to the atmosphere. Hence, there have been suggestions that management‐driven reductions in savanna fire frequency and/or severity could significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and sequester carbon in tree biomass. However, a key knowledge gap is the extent to which savanna tree biomass will respond to modest shifts in fire regimes due to plausible, large‐scale management interventions. Here, we: (1) characterize relationships between the frequency and severity of fires and key demographic rates of savanna trees, based on long‐term observations in vegetation monitoring plots across northern Australia; (2) use these relationships to develop a process‐explicit demographic model describing the effects of fire on savanna tree populations; and (3) use the demographic model to address the question: to what extent is it feasible, through the strategic application of prescribed burning, to increase tree biomass in Australian tropical savannas? Our long‐term tree monitoring dataset included observations of 12,344 tagged trees in 236 plots, monitored for between 3 and 24 years. Analysis of this dataset showed that frequent high‐severity fires significantly reduced savanna tree recruitment, survival, and growth. Our demographic model suggested that: (1) despite the negative effects of frequent high‐severity fires on demographic rates, savanna tree biomass appears to be suppressed by only a relatively small amount by contemporary fire regimes, characterized by a mix of low‐ to high‐severity fires; and (2) plausible, management‐driven reductions in the frequency of high‐severity fires are likely to lead to increases in tree biomass of about 11.0 t DM ha−1 (95% CI: −1.2–20.8) over a century. Accounting for this increase in carbon storage could generate significant carbon credits, worth, on average, three times those generated annually by current greenhouse gas (methane and nitrous oxide) abatement projects, and has the potential to significantly increase the economic viability of fire/carbon projects, thereby promoting ecologically sustainable management of tropical savannas in Australia and elsewhere. This growing industry has the potential to bring much‐needed economic activity to savanna landscapes, without compromising important natural and cultural values.
Modeling spatial distributions of Amah Mutsun priority cultural plants to support Indigenous cultural revitalization
Authors: Taylor Annalise , Sigona Alexii , Kelly Maggi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlong the Central Coast of California, USA, native plant biodiversity has depended on various forms of Indigenous stewardship such as burning, tilling, and gathering. Simultaneously, the Amah Mutsun Tribal Band (the Tribe) depends on these native ecosystems for cultural survivance. However, much of the knowledge related to the location and caretaking of cultural plants has become dormant in the community due to the immediate and ongoing effects of Euro‐American colonization. We identified potential gathering areas by modeling the spatial distributions of 10 culturally important plants throughout the Tribe's stewardship area. We utilized community science datasets with an ensemble modeling approach that combines the results of five machine learning models to predict not only the distribution of each species, but also the relative certainty of those predictions spatially. Our results revealed that 265.2 km2 (2.1%) of the Tribe's stewardship area is predicted habitat for seven or more of these cultural plants, and that the Tribe has potential access to approximately a third of these high‐priority areas. Our findings will directly inform the Tribe's cultural revitalization and ecological stewardship programs. We show how geospatial models can support the revitalization of an Indigenous culture by renewing relationships with cultural plants.
Habitat attributes mediate herbivory and influence community development in algal metacommunities
Authors: Srednick Griffin , Cohen Alyssa , Diehl Olivia , Tyler Kaela , Swearer Stephen E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the drivers and impacts of spatiotemporal variation in species abundance on community trajectories is key to understanding the factors contributing to ecosystem resilience. Temporal variation in species trajectories across patches can provide compensation for species loss and can influence successional patterns. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that lead to patterns of species or spatial compensation and how those patterns may be mediated by consumer–resource relationships. Here we describe an experiment testing whether habitat attributes (e.g., structural complexity and spatial heterogeneity) mediate the effects of herbivory on tropical marine macroalgal communities by reducing accessibility and detectability, respectively, leading to variable trajectories among algal species at community (within patch) and metacommunity (i.e., among patch) scales. Reduced accessibility (greater habitat complexity) decreased the effects of herbivory (i.e., depressed consumption rate, increased algal species richness), and both accessibility and detectability (spatial heterogeneity) influenced algal community structure. Moreover, decreased accessibility at the community scale and a mosaic of accessibility at the metacommunity scale led to variation in community assembly. We suggest that habitat attributes can be important influencers of consumer–resource interactions on coral reefs, which in turn can increase species diversity, promote species succession, and enhance stability in algal metacommunities.
COVID‐19‐associated myocardial injury: A case report
Authors: Tadokoro Tomonori , Ohta‐Ogo Keiko , Ikeda Yoshihiko , Sugiyama Masaya , Katano Harutaka , Hatakeyama Kinta , Matsumoto Masanori , Tashiro Hideki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is often accompanied by pneumonia and can be fatal. We report a case of COVID‐19‐associated myocardial injury mimicking fulminant myocarditis. Endomyocardial biopsy revealed numerous von Willebrand factor‐rich microthrombi with small myocardial necrotic areas, complement deposits in small vessels/microthrombi, and macrophage‐predominant interstitial infiltration. These findings, distinct from those of typical lymphocytic myocarditis, show diffuse endothelial injury, complement activation, and activated macrophages as characteristic features of COVID‐19‐associated pathogenesis. Dysregulated serum cytokine profiles predicting severe/critical COVID‐19‐associated myocardial injury were also determined. This case emphasizes the occurrence of fatal cardiac manifestation with microthrombotic injury in the early stage of COVID‐19.
Ion transfer voltammetry of amino acids with an all‐solid‐state ion‐selective electrode for non‐destructive phenylalanine sensing
Authors: Gan Ai Wei , Seah Georgina E. K. K. , Kwek Li Hui , Goh Shermin S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAmino acids such as phenylalanine (Phe) are key building blocks of proteins and other biomolecules. Although recent advancements in electrochemical sensors have enabled the rapid detection of Phe, these sensors are often destructive as they irreversibly oxidise Phe. In addition, most of them rely on biorecognition elements, which suffer from limited stability at ambient conditions and sensitivity towards environmental fluctuations. Herein, we report the first example of ion transfer voltammetry of Phe using an all‐solid‐state ion‐selective electrode (ISE). The reversibility of this technique enables both the sensor and the Phe sample to be reused. The optimal voltammetric ISE (VISE) exhibits near Nernstian response (56.8 mV/decade) towards Phe and selectivity against amino acids of all classes (hydrophobic, hydrophilic and charged). Voltammetric interrogation of the ISE significantly enhances sensitivity, linear range, selectivity, and stability as compared to traditional open circuit potential measurements. Phe levels in a commercial nutritional supplement and drinking waters were determined to demonstrate the viability of our sensor in real life applications. This proof‐of‐concept can be applied to develop VISEs for other amino acids and biological ions for healthcare and nutrition sensing.
The geomorphological record of an ice stream to ice shelf transition in Northeast Greenland
Authors: Lane Timothy P. , Darvill Christopher , Rea Brice R. , Bentley Michael J. , Smith James A. , Jamieson Stewart S.R. , Ó Cofaigh Colm , Roberts David H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding ice stream dynamics over decadal to millennial timescales is crucial for improving numerical model projections of ice sheet behaviour and future ice loss. In marine‐terminating settings, ice shelves play a critical role in controlling ice‐stream grounding line stability and ice flux to the ocean, but few studies have investigated the terrestrial lateral geomorphological imprint of ice shelves during deglaciation. Here, we document the terrestrial deglacial landsystem of Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden Glacier (79N) in northeast Greenland, following the Last Glacial Maximum, and the margin's lateral transition to a floating ice shelf. High‐elevation areas are influenced by local ice caps and display autochthonous to allochthonous blockfields that mark the interaction of local ice caps with the ice stream below. A thermal transition from cold‐ to warm‐based ice is denoted by the emplacement of erratics onto allochthonous blockfields. Below ~600 m above sea level (a.s.l.) glacially abraded bedrock surfaces and assemblages of lateral moraines, ‘hummocky’ moraine, fluted terrain, and ice‐contact deltas record the former presence of warm‐based ice and thinning of the grounded ice stream margin through time. In the outer fjord a range of landforms such as ice shelf moraines, dead‐ice topography, and ice marginal glaciofluvial outwash was produced by an ice shelf during deglaciation. Along the mid‐ and inner‐fjord areas this ice shelf signal is absent, suggesting ice shelf disintegration prior to grounding line retreat under tidewater conditions. However, below the marine limit, the geomorphological record along the fjord indicates the expansion of the 79N ice shelf during the Neoglacial, which culminated in the Little Ice Age. This was followed by 20th century recession, with the development of a suite of compressional ice shelf moraines, ice‐marginal fluvioglacial corridors, kame terraces, dead‐ice terrain, and crevasse infill ridges. These mark rapid ice shelf thinning and typify the present‐day ice shelf landsystem in a warming climate.