bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of time-variable absorption due to gamma-ray bursts in active galactic nucleus accretion discs
Authors: Ray Michael , Lazzati Davide , Perna Rosalba 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Both long and short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are expected to occur in the dense environments of active galactic nucleus (AGN) accretion discs. As these bursts propagate through the discs they live in, they photoionize the medium causing time-dependent opacity that results in transients with unique spectral evolution. In this paper, we use a line-of-sight radiation transfer code coupling metal and dust evolution to simulate the time-dependent absorption that occurs in the case of both long and short GRBs. Through these simulations, we investigate the parameter space in which dense environments leave a potentially observable imprint on the bursts. Our numerical investigation reveals that time-dependent spectral evolution is expected for central supermassive black hole masses between 105 and 5 × 107 solar masses in the case of long GRBs, and between 104 and 107 solar masses in the case of short GRBs. Our findings can lead to the identification of bursts exploding in AGN disc environments through their unique spectral evolution coupled with a central location. In addition, the study of the time-dependent evolution would allow for studying the disc structure, once the identification with an AGN has been established. Finally, our findings lead to insight into whether GRBs contribute to the AGN emission, and which kind, thus helping to answer the question of whether GRBs can be the cause of some of the as-of-yet unexplained AGN time variability.
Exciting the transit timing variation phases of resonant sub-Neptunes
Authors: Choksi Nick , Chiang Eugene 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
There are excesses of sub-Neptunes just wide of period commensurabilities like the 3:2 and 2:1, and corresponding deficits narrow of them. Any theory that explains this period ratio structure must also explain the strong transit timing variations (TTVs) observed near resonance. Besides an amplitude and a period, a sinusoidal TTV has a phase. Often overlooked, TTV phases are effectively integration constants, encoding information about initial conditions or the environment. Many TTVs near resonance exhibit non-zero phases. This observation is surprising because dissipative processes that capture planets into resonance also damp TTV phases to zero. We show how both the period ratio structure and the non-zero TTV phases can be reproduced if pairs of sub-Neptunes capture into resonance in a gas disc while accompanied by a third eccentric non-resonant body. Convergent migration and eccentricity damping by the disc drives pairs to orbital period ratios wide of commensurability; then, after the disc clears, secular forcing by the third body phase shifts the TTVs. The scenario predicts that resonant planets are apsidally aligned and possess eccentricities up to an order of magnitude larger than previously thought.
Photometric study of the late-time near-infrared plateau in Type Ia supernovae
Authors: Deckers M , Graur O , Maguire K , Shingles L , Brennan S J , Anderson J P , Burke J , Chen T-W , Galbany L , Grayling M J P , Gutiérrez C P , Harvey L , Hiramatsu D , Howell D A , Inserra C , Killestein T , McCully C , Müller-Bravo T E , Nicholl M , Newsome M , Padilla Gonzalez E , Pellegrino C , Terreran G , Terwel J H , Toy M , Young D R 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTWe present an in-depth study of the late-time near-infrared plateau in Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), which occurs between 70 and 500 d. We double the existing sample of SNe Ia observed during the late-time near-infrared plateau with new observations taken with the Hubble Space Telescope, Gemini, New Technology Telescope, the 3.5-m Calar Alto Telescope, and the Nordic Optical Telescope. Our sample consists of 24 nearby SNe Ia at redshift &lt; 0.025. We are able to confirm that no plateau exists in the Ks band for most normal SNe Ia. SNe Ia with broader optical light curves at peak tend to have a higher average brightness on the plateau in J and H, most likely due to a shallower decline in the preceding 100 d. SNe Ia that are more luminous at peak also show a steeper decline during the plateau phase in H. We compare our data to state-of-the-art radiative transfer models of nebular SNe Ia in the near-infrared. We find good agreement with the sub-Mch model that has reduced non-thermal ionization rates, but no physical justification for reducing these rates has yet been proposed. An analysis of the spectral evolution during the plateau demonstrates that the ratio of [Fe ii] to [Fe iii] contribution in a near-infrared filter determines the light curve evolution in said filter. We find that overluminous SNe decline slower during the plateau than expected from the trend seen for normal SNe Ia.
New EoR power spectrum limits from MWA Phase II using the delay spectrum method and novel systematic rejection
Authors: Kolopanis Matthew , Pober Jonathan C , Jacobs Daniel C , McGraw Samantha 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of Epoch of Reionization (EoR) data from Phase II of the Murchison Widefield Array using the simpleds delay spectrum pipeline. Prior work analysed the same observations using the fhd/εppsilon imaging pipeline, and so the present analysis represents the first time that both principal types of 21 cm cosmology power spectrum estimation approaches have been applied to the same data set. Our limits on the 21 cm power spectrum amplitude span a range in k space of $|k| \lt 1 \, h_{100}\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ with a lowest measurement of Δ2(k) ≤ 4.58 × 103 mK2 at $k = 0.190\, h_{100}\, \rm {Mpc}^{-1}$ and z = 7.14. In order to achieve these limits, we need to mitigate a previously unidentified common mode systematic in the data set. If not accounted for, this systematic introduces an overall negative bias that can make foreground contaminated measurements appear as stringent, noise-limited constraints on the 21 cm signal amplitude. The identification of this systematic highlights the risk in modelling systematics as positive-definite contributions to the power spectrum and in ‘conservatively’ interpreting all measurements as upper limits.
Investigation of treatment continuity, usefulness, and nocebo effect in switching from the original etanercept to its biosimilar in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A JET observational study in Japanese clinical practice
Authors: Matsubara Tsukasa , Katayama Kou , Sagawa Akira , Yoshida Masaaki , Mitsuka Takeshi , Hashimoto Keisuke , Izumihara Tomomaro , Kondo Masakazu , Izumiyama Tomomasa , Miyake Nobumasa , Yoshii Ichiro , Oribe Motohiro , Momohara Shigeki , Funahashi Keiko 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess the usefulness and onset of nocebo effects after switching from the original etanercept (ETN) to a biosimilar (BS) in routine clinical practice at rheumatology clinics in Japan (13 sites).MethodsA total of 165 patients (87.0% women, age = 57.88 ± 15.07 years, and disease duration = 10.32 ± 7.71 years), whose low disease activity was maintained with the original ETN for ≥12 weeks, and who agreed to switch treatment to its BS, were included. The end-points were disease activity score 28 (DAS28)-C-reactive protein and DAS28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate.ResultsNo significant difference was observed between the changes in DAS28-C-reactive protein and DAS28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate &gt;12 weeks before switching and &gt;12 weeks after switching (P = 0.132 and 0.334, respectively). The treatment continuation rate during the 52 weeks after switching to BS was 97.3%. During this period, BS was discontinued in only four patients, and no nocebo effects were suspected in these four patients.ConclusionSwitching from ETN to BS was effective even in routine clinical practice at rheumatology clinics in Japan, and no nocebo effects were observed. Sufficient explanations to patients by rheumatologists and the additional payment for drug costs between patients at hospital visits effectively improved the continuation rate without any nocebo effect.
DFT and TD-DFT study of Optical and Electronic Properties of new donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D′) monomers for polymer solar cells
Authors: Lyakurwa Melchizedek , Numbury Surendra Babu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Density Functional Theory (DFT) and time-dependent-DFT method with Becke’s three-parameter Lee-Yang–Parr functional approach at a basis set of 6-311G was used to analyze the ground state and excited state properties of newly designed donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D′) donor molecules based on triphenylamine and carbazole as donor units and benzothiadiazole and its derivatives as acceptor units to make a total of nine potential monomers. The energies associated with highest occupied molecular orbital, lowest occupied molecular orbital, energy gap (Eg), electron excitation (Eopt), exciton binding (Eb) and open-circuit voltage (Voc) were calculated, and the simulated absorption spectra in both gas and chlorobenzene solvent were plotted. The outcomes of replacing the acceptor building unit and substituting the donor units to tailor the optoelectronic properties of the designed monomers were discussed. The monomer molecules A7, A8 and A9 are suitable for [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester because of their small Eg, Eopt, Eb and, more importantly, large Voc values. Suggesting changing the acceptor unit and substituting the donor units of the D–A–D′ seem to be an excellent approach to tailoring the optoelectronic properties of the molecules.
Drug decriminalization: The importance of policy change for the health and wellbeing of children and youth in Canada
Authors: Holland Alyson , Etches Selene , Gander Sarah 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The criminalization of drug use and possession has demonstrable harms on the health of children and youth, with disproportionate effects on Black people, Indigenous people, people from other racially oppressed communities, and people living in poverty. Drug decriminalization, by separating personal possession and use of drugs from the criminal justice system, allows for a health-based approach to drug policy. Paediatricians are well-positioned to advocate for policies within a decriminalization framework to prioritize the physical and mental health of children and youth.
Image-Based Quantification of Arabidopsis thaliana Stomatal Aperture from Leaf Images
Authors: Takagi Momoko , Hirata Rikako , Aihara Yusuke , Hayashi Yuki , Mizutani-Aihara Miya , Ando Eigo , Yoshimura-Kono Megumi , Tomiyama Masakazu , Kinoshita Toshinori , Mine Akira , Toda Yosuke 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The quantification of stomatal pore size has long been a fundamental approach to understand the physiological response of plants in the context of environmental adaptation. Automation of such methodologies not only alleviates human labor and bias but also realizes new experimental research methods through massive analysis. Here, we present an image analysis pipeline that automatically quantifies stomatal aperture of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves from bright-field microscopy images containing mesophyll tissue as noisy backgrounds. By combining a You Only Look Once X–based stomatal detection submodule and a U-Net-based pore segmentation submodule, we achieved a mean average precision with an intersection of union (IoU) threshold of 50% value of 0.875 (stomata detection performance) and an IoU of 0.745 (pore segmentation performance) against images of leaf discs taken with a bright-field microscope. Moreover, we designed a portable imaging device that allows easy acquisition of stomatal images from detached/undetached intact leaves on-site. We demonstrated that this device in combination with fine-tuned models of the pipeline we generated here provides robust measurements that can substitute for manual measurement of stomatal responses against pathogen inoculation. Utilization of our hardware and pipeline for automated stomatal aperture measurements is expected to accelerate research on stomatal biology of model dicots.
Technology and Tool Development for BACPAC: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Accelerated Lumbar Spine MRI with Deep-Learning Based Image Reconstruction at 3T
Authors: Han Misung , Bahroos Emma , Hess Madeline E , Chin Cynthia T , Gao Kenneth T , Shin David D , Villanueva-Meyer Javier E , Link Thomas M , Pedoia Valentina , Majumdar Sharmila 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate whether combining fast acquisitions with deep-learning reconstruction can provide diagnostically useful images and quantitative assessment comparable to standard-of-care acquisitions for lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsEighteen patients were imaged with both standard protocol and fast protocol using reduced signal averages, each protocol including sagittal fat-suppressed T2-weighted, sagittal T1-weighted, and axial T2-weighted 2D fast spin-echo sequences. Fast-acquisition data was additionally reconstructed using vendor-supplied deep-learning reconstruction with three different noise reduction factors. For qualitative analysis, standard images as well as fast images with and without deep-learning reconstruction were graded by three radiologists on five different categories. For quantitative analysis, convolutional neural networks were applied to sagittal T1-weighted images to segment intervertebral discs and vertebral bodies, and disc heights and vertebral body volumes were derived.ResultsBased on noninferiority testing on qualitative scores, fast images without deep-learning reconstruction were inferior to standard images for most categories. However, deep-learning reconstruction improved the average scores, and noninferiority was observed over 24 out of 45 comparisons (all with sagittal T2-weighted images while 4/5 comparisons with sagittal T1-weighted and axial T2-weighted images). Interobserver variability increased with 50 and 75% noise reduction factors. Deep-learning reconstructed fast images with 50% and 75% noise reduction factors had comparable disc heights and vertebral body volumes to standard images (r2≥ 0.86 for disc heights and r2≥ 0.98 for vertebral body volumes).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that deep-learning-reconstructed fast-acquisition images have the potential to provide noninferior image quality and comparable quantitative assessment to standard clinical images.
Course and predictors of work productivity in gout — results from the NOR-Gout longitudinal 2-year treat-to-target study
Authors: Uhlig Till , Karoliussen Lars F , Sexton Joe , Provan Sella Aarrestad , Kvien Tore K , Haavardsholm Espen A , Hammer Hilde Berner 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
In patients with gout there is a lack of longitudinal studies on the course of work productivity. We explored longitudinal changes in and predictors of work productivity over 2 years.

Methods
Patients in the NOR-Gout observational study with a recent gout flare and serum urate (sUA) &gt;360 µmol/l attended tight-control visits during escalating urate lowering therapy according to a treat-to-target strategy. From the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire, scores for work productivity and activity impairment were assessed over 2 years together with the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire and a variety of demographic and clinical variables.

Results
At baseline patients had a mean age of 56.4 years and 95% were males. WPAI scores at baseline were 5.0% work missed (absenteeism), 19.1% work impairment (presenteeism), 21.4% overall work impairment and 32.1% activity impairment. Work productivity and activity impairment improved during the first months, and remained stable at 1 and 2 years. Comorbidities were not cross-sectionally associated with WPAI scores at baseline, but predicted worse work impairment and activity impairment at year 1. The Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire subscale with concerns about medicines at baseline independently predicted worse overall work impairment and worse activity impairment at year 1.

Conclusions
In patients with gout who were intensively treated to the sUA target, work productivity and activity impairment were largely unchanged and at 1 year predicted by comorbidities and patient concerns about medication.
Etanercept originator versus etanercept biosimilar for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis as a first biologic: results from the BSRBR-RA
Authors: Kearsley-Fleet Lianne , Rokad Aasiyah , Tsoi Man-Fung , Zhao Sizheng Steven , Lunt Mark , Watson Kath D ,   BSRBR-RA Contributors Group, Hyrich Kimme L 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Etanercept biosimilars show comparable efficacy to their originators among biologic-naïve patients with RA in randomized controlled trials. Nationwide guidelines have obligated prescribing of etanercept biosimilars from 2016, resulting in significant cost savings. This analysis aimed to compare the effectiveness of etanercept originator vs etanercept biosimilar amongst biologic-naïve RA patients treated in routine clinical practice in the UK.

Methods
Biologic-naïve RA patients starting etanercept in the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register in Rhematoid Arthritis (BSRBR-RA) cohort study from 2010 were included. Data collected at start of therapy includes patient demographics and disease activity. Follow-up data includes changes in disease activity and anti-rheumatic therapy. Six- and 12-month primary outcomes include DAS for 28-joints (DAS28) remission, EULAR response and minimal clinically important difference in function. Etanercept drug survival was assessed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression, including reasons for treatment withdrawal. Multiple imputation accounted for missing data. Propensity-decile adjustment was used to account for confounding by indication.

Results
A total of 1806 biologic-naïve RA patients started etanercept: 1009 originator, 797 biosimilar. At 6 and 12 months, the proportion of patients achieving DAS28 remission and EULAR response were similar between treatments. During follow-up, 19% of originator patients switched onto etanercept biosimilar. Patients were censored at time of switch. Patients on originator were no more likely to stop therapy vs biosimilar; 71% of originator and 76% of biosimilar patients remained on therapy at 1 year.

Conclusions
In one of the largest analyses of patients with RA, biologic-naïve RA patients treated with etanercept originator showed similar outcomes vs biosimilar using real-world data. Drug survival, and disease activity after 6 and 12 months of therapy, was similar between cohorts.
Violence against Women—The Case of Divorced Palestinian-Arab women in Israel
Authors: Meler Tal 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFocusing on divorced Palestinian-Arab women in Israel, this study aims to provide a nuanced examination of the different types of violence (physical, mental, and economic) these women experience from their ex-partners or relatives. The study emphasizes the presence in extreme cases of ex-partner violence ending in murder, recontextualizing crimes associated with so-called honor or tradition. The findings are based on interviews with thirty-five divorced women. The study also relies on a secondary analysis of data extrapolated from media surveillance. The findings indicate that a supportive institutional network is necessary to serve as a protective shield for women from minority communities who remain vulnerable when legislation and policy is detached from their civic status and their cultural context.
Deep learning based landmark detection for measuring hock and knee angles in sows
Authors: Jeon Ryan L , Peschel Joshua M , Ramirez Brett C , Stock Joseph D , Stalder Kenneth J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a visual deep learning approach to automatically determine hock and knee angles from sow images. Lameness is the second largest reason for culling of breeding herd females and relies on human observers to provide visual scoring for detection which can be slow, subjective, and inconsistent. A deep learning model classified and detected ten and two key body landmarks from the side and rear profile images, respectively (mean average precision = 0.94). Trigonometric-based formulae were derived to calculate hock and knee angles using the features extracted from the imagery. Automated angle measurements were compared with manual results from each image (average root mean square error [RMSE] = 4.13°), where all correlation slopes (average R2 = 0.84) were statistically different from zero (P &lt; 0.05); all automated measurements were in statistical agreement with manually collected measurements using the Bland–Altman procedure. This approach will be of interest to animal geneticists, scientists, and practitioners for obtaining objective angle measurements that can be factored into gilt replacement criteria to optimize sow breeding units.
A Novel Movement-Evoked Pain Provocation Test for Older Adults With Persistent Low Back Pain
Authors: Simon Corey B. , Hicks Gregory E. , Pieper Carl F. , Byers Kraus Virginia , Keefe Francis J. , Colón-Emeric Cathleen 
Published: March 2023

Objectives:
Low back pain (LBP) is highly prevalent and disabling for older adults. Movement-evoked pain is an emerging measure that may help to predict disability; but is not currently a part of geriatric LBP clinical care. This study tested the safety and feasibility of a new Movement-Evoked Provocation Test for Low Back Pain in Older Adults (MEPLO). We also compared associations between movement-evoked pain via 2 different scoring methods and disability-associated outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-nine older adults with persistent LBP provided baseline recalled and resting pain ratings, self-reported physical function, and usual gait speed. Participants then completed MEPLO, involving 4 tasks essential for functional independence: chair rises, trunk rotation, reaching, and walking. Movement-evoked pain was then quantified using the traditional change score (delta) method of pain premovement to postmovement; and also, a new aggregate method that combines pain ratings after the 4 tasks.

Results:
No safety or feasibility issues were identified. Compared with the delta score, the aggregate score was more strongly associated with self-reported physical function (beta: −0.495 vs. −0.090) and usual gait speed (beta: −0.450 vs. −0.053). Similarly, the aggregate score was more strongly associated with self-reported physical function than recalled and resting pain (beta: −0.470, −0.283, and 0.136, respectively).

Discussion:
This study shows the safety and feasibility of testing movement-evoked pain in older adults with persistent LBP, and its potential superiority to traditional pain measures. Future studies must validate these findings and test the extent to which MEPLO is implementable to change with geriatric LBP standard of care.