bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population genetics and ecological niche modelling provide insights into management strategies of the herbivorous pest Phytomyza horticola (Diptera: Agromyzidae)
Authors: Liang Yongxuan , Du Sujie , Jin Zhenan , Xu Shiyun , Wan Weijie , Zhong Yujun , Li Qiao , Zhou Qiong , Guo Jianyang , Liu Wanxue 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimResearch on population genetic patterns and potential distribution dynamics can provide insights into the development of pest management strategies. Herein, we integrated population genetic analyses with the climatic niche approach to investigate spatial population genetic variations and potential geographical distribution (PGD) of the herbivorous pest Phytomyza horticola. We also analysed its population response patterns to both late Pleistocene climatic events and future climate change.LocationChina.MethodsWe analysed the patterns of genetic diversity distribution in 29 populations from 19 regions across China using three mitochondrial (COI, COII and Cytb) genes as markers. We estimated demographic histories using neutrality tests, mismatch distributions and Bayesian skyline plots. Changes in PGD were assessed using an ecological niche model.ResultsHigh genetic diversity was found in most populations, and the northern population exhibited higher haplotype diversity. The population genetic structure included the Tibet lineage and a large lineage comprising the remaining populations. Demographic analyses indicated that rapid population expansion occurred during the cold Last Glacial Maximum. In addition, our projections suggested that P. horticola currently has a vast PGD in China, for which the human influence index was the strongest variable. Large areas of cold northern regions were highly suitable for its survival. Under future global warming, highly suitable habitats will shift towards the higher latitudes.Main conclusionsP. horticola is widely distributed across varied environments, which may be attributed to its high degree of genetic variation. Human activities likely facilitated the current PGD and the frequent gene flow that homogenized differentiation among most populations. In addition, P. horticola exhibits strong adaptability to cold climates and environments from the past to the future. Considering future climatic changes, prevention and control should focus on high‐latitude regions, and vigilance regarding human‐mediated pest dispersals and outbreaks should be maintained.
Sensing with deep brain stimulation device in epilepsy: Aperiodic changes in thalamic local field potential during seizures
Authors: Yang Andrew I. , Raghu Ashley L. B. , Isbaine Faical , Alwaki Abdulrahman , Gross Robert E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective therapeutic option in patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy. Recent DBS devices with sensing capabilities enable chronic, outpatient local field potential (LFP) recordings. Whereas beta oscillations have been demonstrated to be a useful biomarker in movement disorders, the clinical utility of DBS sensing in epilepsy remains unclear. Our aim was to determine LFP features that distinguish ictal from inter‐ictal states, which may aid in tracking seizure outcomes with DBS.MethodsElectrophysiology data were obtained from DBS devices implanted in the anterior nucleus (N = 12) or centromedian nucleus (N = 2) of the thalamus. Power spectra recorded during patient/caregiver‐marked seizure events were analyzed with a method that quantitatively separates the oscillatory and non‐oscillatory/aperiodic components of the LFP using non‐parametric statistics, without the need for pre‐specification of the frequency bands of interest. Features of the LFP parameterized using this algorithm were compared with those from inter‐ictal power spectra recorded in clinic.ResultsOscillatory activity in multiple canonical frequency bands was identified from the power spectra in 86.48% of patient‐marked seizure events. Delta oscillations were present in all patients, followed by theta (N = 10) and beta (N = 9). Although there were no differences in oscillatory LFP features between the ictal and inter‐ictal states, there was a steeper decline in the 1/f slope of the aperiodic component of the LFP during seizures.SignificanceOur work highlights the potential and shortcomings of chronic LFP recordings in thalamic DBS for epilepsy. Findings suggest that no single frequency band in isolation clearly differentiates seizures, and that features of aperiodic LFP activity may be clinically‐relevant biomarkers of seizures.
Factors associated with insulin responses to oral sugars in a mixed‐breed cohort of ponies
Authors: Knowles Edward J. , Harris Patricia A. , Elliott Jonathan , Chang Yu‐Mei , Menzies‐Gow Nicola J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSerum insulin concentration at 60 min (InsulinT60) during an oral sugar test (OST) indicates future laminitis risk and insulin dysregulation (ID). Associations between InsulinT60 and physical and owner‐reported variables may help clinicians select individuals for ID testing. Associations between InsulinT60 and other metabolic markers may help elucidate ID pathophysiology.ObjectivesTo describe associations between (A) season, physically‐apparent and owner‐reported factors and binary InsulinT60 interpretation (initial models) and (B) variables included in the initial models, other metabolic markers and continuous InsulinT60 (full models).Study designProspective longitudinal.MethodsNon‐laminitic ponies were examined and OSTs (0.3 mL/kg Karo syrup) performed every 6 months (autumn and spring) for ≤4 years. Factors associated with InsulinT60 were determined using mixed‐effects models with physical, owner‐reported, season and serum/plasma markers as fixed effects and pony and premises identifiers as random effects. Autumn and spring data were analysed separately for full models.ResultsOne thousand seven hundred and sixty‐three OSTs from 367 ponies were included. High‐risk InsulinT60 (>153 μIU/mL) was independently associated with (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval [CI]): age (1.36, 1.16–1.60), body condition score (BCS) (2.38, 1.21–4.69), and bulging supraorbital fatpads (7.25, 2.1–24.98). However, the initial models provided little explanatory power (Nakagawa R2 = 0.1–0.27). LoginsulinT60 was independently associated with (effect estimate, 95% CI): age (0.02, 0.01–0.04), Welsh/Welsh X breed (0.22, 0.05, 0.39), sex (gelding = −0.2, −0.34 to 0.06), BCS (0.16, 0.08–0.23), plasma adiponectin (−0.02, −0.02 to 0.01) and basal insulin (0.01, 0.01–0.01) in spring, and: age (0.03, 0.02–0.04), BCS (0.17, 0.08–0.26), bulging supraorbital fatpads (0.37, 0.2–0.54), turnout score (0.05, 0.02–0.09), plasma adiponectin (−0.01, −0.02 to 0.01), ACTH (per 10 pg/mL) (0.01, 0.00–0.01), triglycerides (0.28, 0.07–0.49) and InsulinT0 (0.01, 0.01–0.01) in autumn.Main limitationsOnly non‐laminitic ponies in one region were included.ConclusionsOwner‐reported and physically‐apparent data were limited InsulinT60 predictors. InsulinT60 is a complex trait, independently associated with numerous variables, some with seasonal interactions.
Corticotropin‐releasing hormone receptor‐1 is increased in mast cells in psoriasis and actinic keratosis, but not markedly in keratinocyte skin carcinomas
Authors: Haimakainen Salla , Harvima Ilkka T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCorticotropin‐releasing hormone receptor‐1 (CRH‐R1) is expressed in human mast cells, but its role in skin diseases is unknown. By using a sequential double‐staining technique, the mast cell expression of CRH‐R1 was investigated in biopsies from lesional and non‐lesional skin samples of patients with actinic keratosis (AK), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and psoriasis. Dermal tryptase+ mast cells expressed CRH‐R1 immunoreactivity in the non‐lesional skin in all patient groups. The CRH‐R1 expression was significantly increased in the lesional skin of AK (p = 0.03) and psoriasis (p = 0.02), non‐significantly in BCC (p = 0.129), but not increased in SCC. To investigate the regulation of CRH‐R1, the LAD2 mast cell line was irradiated with UVB or stimulated with CRH or 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25‐(OH)2D3]. Consequently, UVB at 90 mJ/cm2 (p = 0.041) and 120 mJ/cm2 (p = 0.039) decreased CRH‐R1 expression. Instead, CRH at 100 and 1000 nM increased CRH‐R1 immunostaining, but did not affect the proliferative response. The treatment with 10 and 100 nM 1,25‐(OH)2D3 led to a noticeable increase in CRH‐R1 staining. After irradiating with UVB, the concentration of CRH increased in the conditioned medium, but not in sonicated LAD2 mast cells. In conclusion, the lack of sufficient levels of CRH‐R1 in mast cells may be related to diminished antitumoural response in SCC and possibly in BCC.
Intergenerational solidarity and digital communication during the Covid‐19 pandemic in South Korea: Implications for dyadic well‐being
Authors: Hwang Woosang , Min Joohong , Brown Maria T. , Silverstein Merril 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrevious research has not considered how digital communication fits with the established intergenerational solidarity paradigm, although the paradigm has undergone other refinements over time. Consequently, less is known about how the use of digital communication creates new types of intergenerational solidarity between parents and adult children, and how they are associated with their well‐being. With this foundation, we aimed to identify new dyadic patterns of intergenerational solidarity between parents and adult children during the COVID‐19 pandemic in South Korea, with an emphasis on digital communication (texting, video call, and social media interaction), its intersection with other dimensions of solidarity, and its association with parents' and children's well‐being (depressive symptoms, self‐esteem, and life satisfaction). Using an online survey method, we collected data from 407 parent–adult child dyads between April and June 2022 from the Seoul Metropolitan area in South Korea. Three‐step latent class analysis was used for data analysis. We identified four classes describing intergenerational solidarity between parents and adult children (tight‐knit, distant‐but‐digitally‐connected, conflictual, and independent). We found that among dyads of parents and adult children who had tight‐knit and distant‐but‐digitally‐connected relationships with each other, parents reported better well‐being on all three outcomes, and children reported better life satisfaction compared to dyads who had conflictual relationships. Our findings suggest that incorporating digital communication into the intergenerational solidarity paradigm is useful to better understand the multidimensional characteristics of intergenerational relationships between older parents and their adult children.
TreeGOER: A database with globally observed environmental ranges for 48,129 tree species
Authors: Kindt Roeland 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe TreeGOER (Tree Globally Observed Environmental Ranges) database provides information for most known tree species of their environmental ranges for 38 bioclimatic, eight soil and three topographic variables. It is based on species distribution modelling analyses of more than 44 million occurrences. The database can be accessed from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7922927. Statistics that include 5% and 95% quantiles were estimated for a cleaned and taxonomically standardized occurrence data set with different methods of outlier detection, with estimates for roughly 45% of species being based on 20 or more observation records. Where sufficient representative observations are available, the ranges provide useful preliminary estimates of suitable conditions particularly for lesser‐known species under climate change. Inferred core bioclimatic ranges of species along global temperature and moisture index gradients and across continents follow the known global distribution of tree diversity such as its highest levels in moist tropical forests and the ‘odd man out’ pattern of lower levels in Africa. To demonstrate how global analyses for large numbers of tree species can easily be done in R with TreeGOER, here I present two case studies. The first case study investigated latitudinal trends of tree vulnerability and compared these with previous results obtained for urban trees. The second case study focused on tropical areas, compared trends in different longitudinal zones and investigated patterns for the moisture index. TreeGOER is expected to benefit researchers conducting biogeographical and climate change research for a wide range of tree species at a variety of spatial and temporal scales.
Treatment of chronic cluster headache with burst and tonic occipital nerve stimulation: A case series
Authors: Fogh‐Andersen Ida Stisen , Sørensen Jens Christian Hedemann , Jensen Rigmor Højland , Knudsen Anne Lene , Meier Kaare 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectives and BackgroundChronic cluster headache (CCH) is a rare but severely debilitating primary headache condition. A growing amount of evidence suggests that occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) can offer effective treatment in patients with severe CCH for whom conventional medical therapy does not have a sufficient effect. The paresthesia evoked by conventional (tonic) stimulation can be bothersome and may thus limit therapy. Burst ONS produces paresthesia‐free stimulation, but the amount of evidence on the efficacy of burst ONS as a treatment for intractable CCH is scarce.MethodsIn this case series, we report 15 patients with CCH treated with ONS at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, from 2013 to 2020. Nine of these received burst stimulation either as primary treatment or as a supplement to tonic stimulation. The results were assessed in terms of the frequency of headache attacks per week and their intensity on the Numeric Rating Scale, as well as the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) with ONS treatment.ResultsAt a median (range) follow‐up of 38 (16–96) months, 12 of the 15 patients (80%) reported a reduction in attack frequency of ≥50% (a reduction from a median of 35 to 1 attack/week, p < 0.001). Seven of these patients were treated with burst ONS. A significant reduction was also seen in maximum pain intensity. Overall, 10 patients stated a clinically important improvement in their headache condition following ONS treatment, rated on the PGIC scale. A total of 16 adverse events (nine of which were in the same patient) were registered.ConclusionOccipital nerve stimulation significantly reduced the number of weekly headache attacks and their intensity. Burst ONS seems to function well alone or as a supplement to conventional tonic ONS as a preventive treatment for CCH; however, larger prospective studies are needed to determine whether the effect can be confirmed and whether the efficacy of the two stimulation paradigms is even.
Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on gastric precancerous lesions: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhu Fangyuan , Zhang Xiaoze , Li Ping , Zhu Yaodong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe question of whether eradication of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) can reverse gastric precancerous lesions, including intestinal metaplasia, remains uncertain, leading to ongoing debate. Therefore, a meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of Hp eradication on gastric precancerous lesions.Materials and MethodsPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus database, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched from inception to April 2023 for studies that explored the impact of Hp eradication on gastric precancerous lesions. Risk ratios (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were selected as the effect size. We used the random‐effects model to assess pooled data. We also performed quality assessments, subgroup analyses, and sensitivity analyses.ResultsFifteen studies were included. Compared with placebo, Hp eradication could significantly prevent the progression of gastric precancerous lesions (RR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.81–0.94, p < 0.01) and reverse them (RR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.17–1.50, p < 0.01). Then, specific precancerous lesions were further explored. The progression of intestinal metaplasia was significantly prevented by Hp eradication compared to placebo or no treatment (RR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.69–0.94, p < 0.01). Moreover, compared with placebo or no treatment, Hp eradication also improved chronic atrophic gastritis (RR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.30–2.61, p < 0.01) and intestinal metaplasia (RR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.15–1.73, p < 0.01). However, in terms of preventing dysplasia progression (RR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.37–2.00) and improving dysplasia (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.47–1.70), Hp eradication had no advantage compared to placebo or no treatment.ConclusionsHp eradication therapy could prevent the progression of gastric precancerous lesions and reverse them. Notably, intestinal metaplasia can be reversed, but this may only be appropriate for patients with epigenetic alterations and milder lesions.
Unsettling academia: Academic career choices and pathways of PhD graduates in the Greater Bay Area in China
Authors: Liu Yingxin , Li Danling 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMuch of the scholarship on employment and career pathways of PhD graduates has examined the issues, including pre‐doctoral experiences, quality of doctoral education, networking and career choices across different sectors; however, contextual environmental factors have been generally overlooked. This study aims to explore the academic career choices and pathways of PhD graduates currently employed in universities in the Greater Bay Area (GBA) in China. The primary data sources include semi‐structured interviews with a group of 28 PhD graduates from 14 universities in Guangdong province and Hong Kong, government talent policy documents, and university documents regarding recruitment and tenure. The findings of this study revealed five strategic logics that the PhD graduates deployed in the dynamic decision‐making process for academic career choices and pathways in the GBA: (1) logic of academic alignment (matching degrees between academic competitiveness and academic job market, alignment in research/teaching agenda, alignment with future professional aspiration); (2) logic of financial concerns; (3) logic of academic network; (4) logic of risk mitigation; (5) logic of institutional culture. Implications for universities and policymakers on academic career support and talent management in the GBA are also provided.
Patient and public involvement in health research from researchers' perspective
Authors: Røssvoll Toril B. , Rosenvinge Jan H. , Liabo Kristin , Hanssen Tove A. , Pettersen Gunn 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatient and public involvement (PPI) is increasingly considered an integral part of health research, and the focus has shifted from why we need PPI to how users can be involved in a meaningful way. The rationale for investigating experiences with PPI from the perspective of occupational therapy (OT)‐trained researchers' originates in the interrelationship between the inclusive approach to knowledge production, and participation and inclusion as core tenets of OT. The aim of this study was to explore PPI in health research from the perspective of OT‐trained researchers.MethodSemi‐structured individual interviews were conducted online with nine Norwegian researchers. The interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsProfessional background and clinical experience from person‐centred OT formed the foundation for how these researchers approached and facilitated PPI in their research. Valuing experiential knowledge and facilitating PPI to be meaningful for public collaborators were highlighted as essential for PPI to have an impact. The need to balance mutual expectations, requirements for research, and what might be possible to achieve within a research study were found to be vital.ConclusionCollaborative clinical experience constituted a sound foundation for implementing PPI in research. The occupational perspective underlines the importance of acknowledging experiential knowledge as essential to facilitating meaningful PPI. Challenges related to requirements for research and culture for implementing PPI were addressed by clarifying roles and expectations.Patient or Public ContributionThree public collaborators were involved in developing the aims, the interview guide, and the data analysis. They all had previous experience being involved in research.
Oral health‐related quality of life and periodontal status according to smoking status
Authors: Arruda Camilla Vieira , Guilardi Isa Juliane , Pavan Ludmila Madeira Cardoso , Greggianin Bruna Frizon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionStudies evaluating smoking and periodontal status show controversial results regarding the impact on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQol). The aim was to evaluate the association between OHRQol and periodontal status in patients according to their smoking habit.MethodsCross‐sectional study with a total of 100 patients (31.44 ± 8.50 years, 55% females) answered the short version of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14) and underwent a periodontal examination. Associations between periodontal status and total mean OHIP‐14 scores related with smoking habit were analysed with Kruskal–Wallis test.ResultsMean percentage of sites with Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL) and Number of Teeth were significantly different between current smokers (n = 53) and never (n = 40) or former smokers (n = 7; p < 0.05). There was no significant difference for Periodontal Probing Depth (PPD) in relation to smoking status. A total mean OHIP‐14 score of 13.07 was observed for the entire sample. The corresponding total mean OHIP‐14 scores, for current smokers, never smokers and former smokers, were 15, 10 and 13 (p = 0.280), respectively. The domains social disability and handicap of the OHIP‐14 were worse in current smokers (p = 0.028 and p = 0.026, respectively).ConclusionCurrent smoking was associated with a negative influence on OHRQoL in the domain of social disability and handicap. In addition, smokers have worse periodontal status, related to less BOP, greater CAL and fewer teeth than never and former smokers.
Missed nursing care: A cross‐sectional and multi‐centric study from Turkey
Authors: Dursun Ergezen Fatma , Çiftçi Bahar , Yalın Hayat , Geçkil Emine , Korkmaz Doğdu Ayşegül , İlter Sümeyra Mihrap , Terzi Banu , Kol Emine , Kaşıkçı Mağfiret , Ecevit Alpar Şule 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to explore the extent of missed nursing care in Turkey and identify its predictors.DesignThis was a descriptive, cross‐sectional, multicentre study.MethodsA total of 477 nurses working in seven public hospitals participated in this study from March to July 2019. The survey included two components: a personal and professional characteristics data form and the MISSCARE survey.ResultsThe study revealed that emotional support, patient bathing and ambulation were the most frequently missed nursing care activities. An inadequate number of assistive personnel and staff, along with an unexpected increase in patient volume, were identified as the primary reasons for missed nursing care. Of the 21 missed nursing care activities, nine predictive models showed statistical significance (p < 0.05). Factors such as the type of unit, years of work experience, working hours, number of patients cared for in a shift and intention to leave the unit were found to be significant predictors of seven missed nursing care activities (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis study found that numerous variables influence each care activity, which suggests the need to devise more targeted and specific strategies to minimize missed nursing care. Thorough investigation into the impact of these strategies on each care activity is essential.