bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internationally educated nurses’ role in climate change: sustainability and mitigation practices
Authors: Cubelo Floro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere are three related factors affecting climate change and its relationship to the migration of IENs: 1) corporate social responsibility; 2) the code of ethics for nurses; and 3) nursing education. As the highest producer of carbon dioxide emissions, the Global North especially the Nordic Region must also consider its climate change responsibilities when recruiting nurses from the Global South.AimThe aim of this article is to discuss the factors affecting climate change and its relationship to the migration of IENs, as well as possible solutions to mitigate its impact.ResultsClimate change is impacted indirectly by the movement of internationally educated nurses (IENs). The Nordic countries need to consider checking climate change measures in the sustainability plans for recruitment companies when approving permits allowing the recruitment of nurses.ConclusionPolicymakers and decision‐makers need to consider climate change and GHG emissions factors when collaborating with recruitment agencies to recruit IENs from the Global South. International nurse recruitment policies must be ethical, economically sustainable, and planet‐centered.
Viricidal Efficacy of a 405‐nm Environmental Decontamination System for Inactivation of Bacteriophage Phi6: Surrogate for SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Sinclair Lucy G. , Ilieva Zornitsa , Morris Georgina , Anderson John G. , MacGregor Scott J. , Maclean Michelle 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe highly transmittable nature of SARS‐CoV‐2 has increased the necessity for novel strategies to safely decontaminate public areas. This study investigates the efficacy of a low irradiance 405‐nm light environmental decontamination system for the inactivation of bacteriophage phi6 as a surrogate for SARS‐CoV‐2. Bacteriophage phi6 was exposed to increasing doses of low irradiance (~0.5 mW cm−2) 405‐nm light while suspended in SM buffer and artificial human saliva at low (~103–4 PFU mL−1) and high (~107–8 PFU mL−1) seeding densities, to determine system efficacy for SARS‐CoV‐2 inactivation and establish the influence of biologically relevant suspension media on viral susceptibility. Complete/near‐complete (≥99.4%) inactivation was demonstrated in all cases, with significantly enhanced reductions observed in biologically relevant media (P < 0.05). Doses of 43.2 and 172.8 J cm−2 were required to achieve ~3 log10 reductions at low density, and 97.2 and 259.2 J cm−2 achieved ~6 log10 reductions at high density, in saliva and SM buffer, respectively: 2.6–4 times less dose was required when suspended in saliva compared to SM buffer. Comparative exposure to higher irradiance (~50 mW cm−2) 405‐nm light indicated that, on a per unit dose basis, 0.5 mW cm−2 treatments were capable of achieving up to 5.8 greater log10 reductions with up to 28‐fold greater germicidal efficiency than that of 50 mW cm−2 treatments. These findings establish the efficacy of low irradiance 405‐nm light systems for inactivation of a SARS‐CoV‐2 surrogate and demonstrate the significant enhancement in susceptibility when suspended in saliva, which is a major vector in COVID‐19 transmission.
Preliminary characterization of a novel form of progressive retinal atrophy in the German Spitz dog associated with a frameshift mutation in GUCY2D
Authors: Bortolini Mariza , Winkler Paige A. , Moreno Juan Carlos Duque , Sato Mario Teruo , Guareschi Bianca Luiza Valduga , Petersen‐Jones Simon M. , Montiani‐Ferreira Fabiano 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical, preliminary electroretinographic and optical coherence tomography features of a newly identified form of progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) in German Spitzes, and identify the causal gene mutation.AnimalsThirty‐three client‐owned German Spitz dogs were included.ProceduresAll animals underwent a full ophthalmic examination, including vision testing. In addition, fundus photography, ERG, and OCT were performed. A DNA‐marker‐based association analysis was performed to screen potential candidate genes and the whole genomes of four animals were sequenced.ResultsInitial fundus changes were pale papilla and mild vascular attenuation. Oscillatory nystagmus was noted in 14 of 16 clinically affected puppies. Vision was impaired under both scotopic and photopic conditions. Rod‐mediated ERGs were unrecordable in all affected dogs tested, reduced cone‐mediated responses were present in one animal at 3 months of age and unrecordable in the other affected animals tested. Multiple small retinal bullae were observed in three clinically affected animals (two with confirmed genetic diagnosis). OCT showed that despite loss of function, retinal structure was initially well‐preserved, although a slight retinal thinning developed in older animals with the ventral retina being more severely affected. Pedigree analysis supported an autosomal recessive inheritance. A mutation was identified in GUCY2D, which segregated with the disease (NM_001003207.1:c.1598_1599insT; p.(Ser534GlufsTer20)). Human subjects with GUCY2D mutations typically show an initial disconnect between loss of function and loss of structure, a feature recapitulated in the affected dogs in this study.ConclusionWe identified early‐onset PRA in the German Spitz associated with a frameshift mutation in GUCY2D.
Application of endoscopic ultrasound to the descending colon and rectum in normal dogs
Authors: Hyeong Seongjae , Lee Juryeong , Kim Soyeon , Lee Dongjae , Suh Guk‐Hyun , Choi Jihye 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEndoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a medical procedure in which endoscopy is combined with ultrasonography (US) to compensate for problems associated with the transabdominal US such as large penetration depths, presence of intestinal gas, and acoustic shadowing. This prospective, method comparison, pilot study was performed to assess the feasibility of applying EUS in the colorectal region and to describe the typical EUS features of the descending colon and rectum in healthy dogs. Transabdominal US and EUS with or without the hydrosonography were applied to the descending colon and rectum in 10 clinically healthy Beagle dogs and wall thickness, visibility of the wall layers, and conspicuity of the mucosal and serosal surfaces of the intestinal wall were assessed. Endoscopic ultrasound enabled circumferential evaluation of the colorectal wall and provided better visibility of the wall layers and conspicuity of the mucosal and serosal surfaces without degradation of the image, even in the far‐field portion of the colorectal wall, compared to US. Moreover, EUS provided the adequate image quality of the rectum, which was difficult to evaluate with US due to deep scan depth and acoustic shadowing by the pelvis. Meanwhile, the application of hydrosonography to EUS deteriorated the visibility of the wall layers and conspicuity of the intestinal wall. The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of EUS to assess the colorectal region and its potential application for the evaluation of rectal masses or intrapelvic lesions that are inaccessible by the transabdominal US in dogs.
Tolerancing for an Apple Pie: A Fundamental Theory of Tolerances
Authors: Roland Campbell Joshua , Hazelrigg George A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Tolerancing began with the notion of limits imposed on the dimensions of realized parts both to maintain functional geometric dimensionality and to enable cost-effective part fabrication and inspection. Increasingly, however, component fabrication depends on more than part geometry as many parts are fabricated as a result of a “recipe” rather than dimensional instructions for material addition or removal. Referred to as process tolerancing, this is the case, for example, with IC chips. In the case of tolerance optimization, a typical objective is cost minimization while achieving required functionality or “quality.” This article takes a different look at tolerances, suggesting that rather than ensuring merely that parts achieve a desired functionality at minimum cost, a typical underlying goal of the product design is to make money, more is better, and tolerances comprise additional design variables amenable to optimization in a decision theoretic framework. We further recognize that tolerances introduce additional product attributes that relate to product characteristics such as consistency, quality, reliability, and durability. These important attributes complicate the computation of the expected utility of candidate designs, requiring additional computational steps for their determination. The resulting theory of tolerancing illuminates the assumptions and limitations inherent to Taguchi’s loss function. We illustrate the theory using the example of tolerancing for an apple pie, which conveniently demands consideration of tolerances on both quantities and processes, and the interaction among these tolerances.
A Two-Dimensional Corotational Beam Formulation Based on the Local Frame of Special Euclidean Group SE(2)
Authors: You Pu , Liu Zhuyong , Ma Ziqi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe corotational frame method is widely used in the simulation of flexible multibody dynamics. Its core idea is to separate the rigid motion from the flexible deformation so that it can make fully exploit a large number of excellent local finite elements. The essence of the conventional corotational frame method is the projection relationship between the element frame and the global frame. This paper explores another coordinate projection method for two-dimensional (2D) corotational beam element. The projection relationship between the element frame and the local frame in the framework of Lie algebra se(2) has been proposed. Based on the description of SE(2), the formulation of corotational beam element and integration algorithm is presented. The local frame description greatly reduces the nonlinearity of the formula by eliminating the effect of the rigid body motion on the projection matrix, internal force and inertial force. Several examples of large deformation and large rotation are performed, and it is found that the step-size convergence and iterative efficiency of SE(2) description are improved compared with R3 description. Moreover, some examples are used given to verify that the frame invariance brought by SE(2) is valuable for improving computing efficiency. The presented transformation method can easily extend to other 2D elements.
Sustainable Heating Solutions
Authors: Harper Nicole 
Published: March 2023

This project's purpose was to look at the LPG boilers on campus and find a low carbon solution which will in turn help the University of Otago to reach their goal of net zero by 2030.
This tackles the problem of climate change by reducing the emissions that are associated with the LPG boilers and the problems associated with it are becoming more and more apparent each day. This project is helping the University of Otago decrease its impact on the environment by reducing the amount of LPG emissions by 36%. To do this I have found a more sustainable solution to the LPG boiler by choosing electrification instead. Electrification allows us to decrease carbon emissions with the electricity used in New Zealand today which consists of 80% renewable energy sources.The data from previous years showed that consumption of LPG is much greater than what was expected due to a last min change in the building. Thus, my job is to research the best option for an LPG boiler replacement in the Eccles building as now the building has been operating for long enough that it is now known what the changes are, as well as the resources now becoming available for this project to be undertaken.By looking at the requirements of the building, I was able to see which energy sources were appropriate and was able to find the right size energy source that the Eccles building needed to install. I was able to collaborate with the Department of Physics, Sustainability Office and Property services to get the relevant information needed which allowed me to make an informed decision on what the best outcome would be.
The Key impact of this research was to implement new alternative will reduce emissions at Otago University so they can achieve their goal of being net zero by 2030.
Supervised by: Dr Arjan Abeynaike (Physics Department) & Craig Cliff (sustainability Office), Univerity of OtagoScholarship funded by: Te Ngaru Paewhenua scholarship
A new and morphologically unusual Cheiroseius mite (Acari: Blattisociidae) found in association with tree sap, with a key to the congeneric species of the Slovak fauna
Authors: Mašán Peter 
Published: March 2023

A new blattisociid mite, Cheiroseius arboricola sp. nov. was described based on females found in tree crevices of old oak (Quercus sp.) heavily soaked with xylem sap in southwestern Slovakia. The new species differs from most other known relatives mainly by the absence of a well-developed poststigmatic projection of the peritreme, the presence of only one pair of preanal setae (JV2) on the relatively small ventrianal shield, and the specific organization of some gnathosomal structures. A dichotomous identification key is presented for the females of thirteen species of Cheiroseius occurring in Slovakia, including the firstly reported species Cheiroseius furcatus Karg and Cheiroseius laelaptoides (Berlese).
US public investment in development of mRNA covid-19 vaccines: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lalani Hussain S , Nagar Sarosh , Sarpatwari Ameet , Barenie Rachel E , Avorn Jerry , Rome Benjamin N , Kesselheim Aaron S 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate US public investment in the development of mRNA covid-19 vaccines.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingPublicly funded science from January 1985 to March 2022.Data sourcesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) Report Portfolio Online Reporting Tool Expenditures and Results (RePORTER) and other public databases. Government funded grants were scored as directly, indirectly, or not likely related to four key innovations underlying mRNA covid-19 vaccines—lipid nanoparticle, mRNA synthesis or modification, prefusion spike protein structure, and mRNA vaccine biotechnology—on the basis of principal investigator, project title, and abstract.Main outcome measureDirect public investment in research and vaccine development, stratified by the rationale, government funding agency, and pre-pandemic (1985-2019) versus pandemic (1 January 2020 to 31 March 2022).Results34 NIH funded research grants that were directly related to mRNA covid-19 vaccines were identified. These grants combined with other identified US government grants and contracts totaled $31.9bn (£26.3bn; €29.7bn), of which $337m was invested pre-pandemic. Pre-pandemic, the NIH invested $116m (35%) in basic and translational science related to mRNA vaccine technology, and the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) ($148m; 44%) and the Department of Defense ($72m; 21%) invested in vaccine development. After the pandemic started, $29.2bn (92%) of US public funds purchased vaccines, $2.2bn (7%) supported clinical trials, and $108m (<1%) supported manufacturing plus basic and translational science.ConclusionsThe US government invested at least $31.9bn to develop, produce, and purchase mRNA covid-19 vaccines, including sizeable investments in the three decades before the pandemic through March 2022. These public investments translated into millions of lives saved and were crucial in developing the mRNA vaccine technology that also has the potential to tackle future pandemics and to treat diseases beyond covid-19. To maximize overall health impact, policy makers should ensure equitable global access to publicly funded health technologies.
Dynamic segmentation of smartphone sensor-based pavement functional condition
Authors: Janani L. , Sunitha V. , Samson M. 
Published: March 2023

Roads form a vital part of the infrastructure as it influences peoples’ lives directly in terms of connectivity as well as mobility. By using traditional methods for evaluating the pavement condition, the authorities spend a significant amount of resources. Automated techniques such as image processing and laser imaging systems can be adopted to overcome this issue. However, it needs complicated additions such as special lights and lasers that exponentially increases the surveying cost. In this explorative research, an effort was made to study the applicability and reliability of smartphone sensors in pavement functional condition monitoring. For efficient management of pavement for maintenance and rehabilitation activities, identifying the representative sections of these pavements would be more effective. A dynamic segmentation method is adopted to segment the smartphone-based pavement functional condition. The pavement was classified into five groups with 0–2, 2–4, 4–6, 6–10, and >10 m/km IRI values, as in Roughometer III.
Pig fetal skeletal muscle development is associated with genome-wide DNA hypomethylation and corresponding alterations in transcript and microRNA expression
Authors: Corbett R.J. , Ford L.M. , Raney N.E. , Grabowski J.M. , Ernst C.W. 
Published: March 2023

Fetal myogenesis represents a critical period of porcine skeletal muscle development and requires coordinated expression of thousands of genes. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, drive transcriptional regulation during development; however, these processes are understudied in developing porcine tissues. We performed bisulfite sequencing to assess DNA methylation in pig longissimus dorsi muscle at 41- and 70-days gestation (dg), as well as RNA- and small RNA-sequencing to identify coordinated changes in methylation and expression between myogenic stages. We identified 45 739 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between stages, and the majority ( N = 34 232) were hypomethylated at 70 versus 41 dg. Integration of methylation and transcriptomic data revealed strong associations between differential gene methylation and expression. Differential miRNA methylation was significantly negatively correlated with abundance, and dynamic expression of assayed miRNAs persisted postnatally. Motif analysis revealed significant enrichment of myogenic regulatory factor motifs among hypomethylated regions, suggesting that DNA hypomethylation may function to increase accessibility of muscle-specific transcription factors. We show that developmental DMRs are enriched for GWAS SNPs for muscle- and meat-related traits, demonstrating the potential for epigenetic processes to influence phenotypic diversity. Our results enhance understanding of DNA methylation dynamics of porcine myogenesis and reveal putative cis-regulatory elements governed by epigenetic processes.
Full background decomposition of the CONUS experiment
Authors: Bonet H. , Bonhomme A. , Buck C. , Fülber K. , Hakenmüller J. , Hempfling J. , Heusser G. , Hugle T. , Lindner M. , Maneschg W. , Rink T. , Strecker H. , Wink R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe CONUS experiment is searching for coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering of reactor anti-neutrinos with four low-energy threshold point-contact high-purity germanium spectrometers. Excellent background suppression within the region of interest below 1 keV (ionization energy) is absolutely necessary to enable signal detection. The collected data also make it possible to set limits on various models regarding beyond the standard model physics. These analyses benefit as well from the low background level of $$\sim $$
∼
10 d$$^{-1}$$

-
1

kg$$^{-1}$$

-
1

below 1 keV and at higher energies. The low background level is achieved by employing a compact shell-like shield that was adapted to the most relevant background sources at the shallow depth location of the experiment: environmental gamma radiation and muon-induced secondaries. Overall, the compact CONUS shield including the active anticoincidence muon-veto reduces the background by more than four orders of magnitude. The remaining background is described with validated Monte Carlo simulations which include the detector response. It is the first time that a full background decomposition in germanium operated at a reactor site has been achieved. Next to the remaining muon-induced background, $$^{210}$$

210

Pb within the shield and cryostat end caps, cosmogenic activation and airborne radon are the most relevant background sources. The reactor-correlated background is negligible within the shield. The validated background model, together with the parameterization of the noise, is used as input to the likelihood analyses of the various physics cases.
Axial-vector and pseudoscalar tetraquarks $$[ud][{\overline{c}}{\overline{s}}]$$
Authors: Sundu H. , Agaev S. S. , Azizi K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSpectroscopic parameters and widths of the fully open-flavor axial-vector and pseudoscalar tetraquarks $$X_{\textrm{AV}}$$

X
AV

and $$X_{\textrm{PS}}$$

X
PS

with content $$[ud][{\overline{c}}{\overline{s}}]$$

[
u
d
]

[

c
¯

s
¯

]

are calculated by means of the QCD sum rule methods. Masses and current couplings of $$X_{\textrm{AV}}$$

X
AV

and $$X_{\textrm{PS}}$$

X
PS

are found using two-point sum rule computations performed by taking into account various vacuum condensates up to dimension 10. The full width of the axial-vector state $$X_{\textrm{AV}}$$

X
AV

is evaluated by including into analysis S-wave decay modes $$X_{\textrm{AV}}\rightarrow D^{*}(2010)^{-}K^{+}$$

X
AV

→

D

∗

(
2010
)

-

K
+

, $${\overline{D}}^{*}(2007)^{0}K^{0}$$

D
¯

∗

(
2007
)

0

K
0

, $$D^{-}K^{*}(892)^{+}$$

D
-

K

∗

(
892
)

+

, and $${\overline{D}}^{0}K^{*}(892)^{0}$$

D
¯

0

K

∗

(
892
)

0

. In the case of $$X_{\textrm{PS}}$$

X
PS

, we consider S-wave decay $$X_{\textrm{PS}}\rightarrow {\overline{D}} _{0}^{*}(2300)^{0}K^{0}$$

X
PS

→

D
¯

0

∗

(
2300
)

0

K
0

, and P-wave processes $$X_{\textrm{PS}}\rightarrow D^{-}K^{*}(892)^{+}$$

X
PS

→

D
-

K

∗

(
892
)

+

and $$X_{\textrm{PS}}\rightarrow {\overline{D}} ^{0}K^{*}(892)^{0}$$

X
PS

→

D
¯

0

K

∗

(
892
)

0

. To determine partial widths of these decay modes, we employ the QCD light-cone sum rule method and soft-meson approximation, which are necessary to estimate strong couplings at tetraquark–meson–meson vertices $$X_{\textrm{AV}}D^{-}D^{*}(2010)^{-}K^{+} $$

X
AV

D
-

D

∗

(
2010
)

-

K
+

, etc. Our predictions for the mass $$m_{\textrm{AV}}=(2800 \pm 75)~\text {MeV}$$

m
AV

=

(
2800
±
75
)

MeV

and width $$\Gamma _{\textrm{AV}}=(58 \pm 10)~\text {MeV}$$

Γ
AV

=

(
58
±
10
)

MeV

of the tetraquark $$X_{ \textrm{AV}}$$

X
AV

, as well as results $$m_{\textrm{PS}}=(3000 \pm 60)~\text {MeV} $$

m
PS

=

(
3000
±
60
)

MeV

and $$\Gamma _{\textrm{PS}}=(65 \pm 12)~\text {MeV}$$

Γ
PS

=

(
65
±
12
)

MeV

for the same parameters of $$X_{\textrm{PS}}$$

X
PS

may be useful in future experimental studies of multiquark hadrons.
Covariant Wick rotation: action, entropy, and holonomies
Authors: Singh Raghvendra , Kothawala Dawood 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGiven an arbitrary Lorentzian metric $$g_{ab}$$

g

ab

and a nowhere vanishing, timelike vector field $$u^a$$

u
a

, one can construct a class of metrics $${\widehat{g}}_{ab}$$

g
^

ab

which have Euclidean signature in a specific domain, with a transition to Lorentzian regime occurring on some hypersurface $$\Sigma $$
Σ
orthogonal to $$u^a$$

u
a

. Geometry associated with $${{{\widehat{g}}}}_{ab}$$

g
^

ab

has been shown to yield some remarkable insights for classical and quantum gravity. In this work, we focus on studying the implications of this geometry for thermal effects in curved spacetimes and compare and contrast the results with those obtained through conventional Euclidean methods. We show that the expression for entropy computed using $${\widehat{g}}_{ab}$$

g
^

ab

for simple field theories and Lanczos–Lovelock actions differ from Wald entropy by additional terms depending on extrinsic curvature. We also compute the holonomy associated with loops lying partially or wholly in the Euclidean regime in terms of extrinsic curvature and acceleration and compare it with the well-known expression for temperature.