bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Platinum-Based Nanocrystals and Their Electrocatalytic Applications in Fuel Cells
Authors: Li Can , Clament Sagaya Selvam N. , Fang Jiye 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo achieve environmentally benign energy conversion with the carbon neutrality target via electrochemical reactions, the innovation of electrocatalysts plays a vital role in the enablement of renewable resources. Nowadays, Pt-based nanocrystals (NCs) have been identified as one class of the most promising candidates to efficiently catalyze both the half-reactions in hydrogen- and hydrocarbon-based fuel cells. Here, we thoroughly discuss the key achievement in developing shape-controlled Pt and Pt-based NCs, and their electrochemical applications in fuel cells. We begin with a mechanistic discussion on how the morphology can be precisely controlled in a colloidal system, followed by highlighting the advanced development of shape-controlled Pt, Pt-alloy, Pt-based core@shell NCs, Pt-based nanocages, and Pt-based intermetallic compounds. We then select some case studies on models of typical reactions (oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode and small molecular oxidation reaction at the anode) that are enhanced by the shape-controlled Pt-based nanocatalysts. Finally, we provide an outlook on the potential challenges of shape-controlled nanocatalysts and envision their perspective with suggestions. "Image missing"
Optical properties of synthesized Au/Ag Nanoparticles using 532 nm and 1064 nm pulsed laser ablation: effect of solution concentration
Authors: AdibAmini Shaghayegh , Sari Amir Hossein , Dorranian Davoud 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe primary objective of this experimental research is to introduce the capacity of laser irradiation into the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles from noble metals. Gold and silver nanoparticles are produced through the laser ablating gold and silver targets in distilled water. Originally, the samples are synthesized by using Nd:YAG laser with 1064 nm wavelength and 7 ns pulse width. Following this, solutions mixed with different volumetric ratios, are irradiated by the second harmonic of the said laser at 532 nm wavelength. The absorption peak of gold nanoparticles around 530 nm, is used to transfer the laser energy to nanoparticles and synthesize Au/Ag bimetallic nanoparticles. The wavelength and volumetric ratio of solutions are the experiment's variables. The bimetallic nanoparticles are characterized as follows: X-ray diffraction pattern, spectroscopy in the range of UV–Vis-NIR and IR, Photoluminescence spectrum, Dynamic light scattering, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Additionally, FE-SEM and TEM images are used to study the size and morphology of nanoparticles. One of the aims of the research is to investigate the effects of laser wavelength and different volumetric concentrations on the optical properties of Au/Ag bimetallic nanoparticles. On the other hand, the study revealed that silver concentration and laser wavelength in the synthesis of Au/Ag bimetallic nanoparticles with different structures, cause the formation of crystalline structure, growth of grain size, and therefore silver oxide reduction.
The importance of pseudouridylation: human disorders related to the fifth nucleoside
Authors: Keszthelyi Tália Magdolna , Tory Kálmán 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPseudouridylation is one of the most abundant RNA modifications in eukaryotes, making pseudouridine known as the “fifth nucleoside.” This highly conserved alteration affects all non-coding and coding RNA types. Its role and importance have been increasingly widely researched, especially considering that its absence or damage leads to serious hereditary diseases. Here, we summarize the human genetic disorders described to date that are related to the participants of the pseudouridylation process.
Do pathogens always evolve to be less virulent? The virulence–transmission trade-off in light of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kun Ádám , Hubai András G. , Král Adrienn , Mokos Judit , Mikulecz Benjámin Áron , Radványi Ádám 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe direction the evolution of virulence takes in connection with any pathogen is a long-standing question. Formerly, it was theorized that pathogens should always evolve to be less virulent. As observations were not in line with this theoretical outcome, new theories emerged, chief among them the transmission–virulence trade-off hypotheses, which predicts an intermediate level of virulence as the endpoint of evolution. At the moment, we are very much interested in the future evolution of COVID-19’s virulence. Here, we show that the disease does not fulfill all the assumptions of the hypothesis. In the case of COVID-19, a higher viral load does not mean a higher risk of death; immunity is not long-lasting; other hosts can act as reservoirs for the virus; and death as a consequence of viral infection does not shorten the infectious period. Consequently, we cannot predict the short- or long-term evolution of the virulence of COVID-19.
A review on using nanocomposites as shielding materials against ionizing radiation
Authors: Bawazeer Omemh , Makkawi Khadijah , Aga Zubeda Bi , Albakri Huda , Assiri Naseem , Althagafy Khalid , Ajlouni Abdul-Wali 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLead aprons are used in medical applications as a traditional shielding material, but this use was faced by many health problems including toxicity, heavyweight, and cracks, this motivated researchers to develop new shielding materials, to overcome these health problems depending on some promising materials, i.e., nanomaterials and polymers, which provide many properties that overcome the undesirable properties in lead aprons, and provide the proper or better shielding properties against ionizing radiation. Recently, nanomaterials in different forms have attracted considerable attention for radiation shielding applications, due to their prominent chemical and physical properties. This work will review the basics of radiation, radiation protection, lead aprons, nanomaterials, synthesis and characterization methods, polymers, and the scientific efforts to introduce nanocomposites as materials used in attenuation radiation beams and hence, to be used as proper radiation shielding materials.
Spatial variation and relationship between soil dissolved organic matter and bacterial community in urban greenspaces
Authors: Liu Siwan , Hao Zhineng , Gao Li , Fan Linhua , Yang Fang , Zamyadi Arash , Li Ming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLarge-scale investigations of soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the relationship between bacterial diversity and DOM with climatic gradients are important to reveal the influence of climatic factors on soil DOM. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the distribution pattern of DOM at a large scale, (2) investigate the effects of climate change on DOM components and microbial communities, and (3) investigate the relationship between microbial communities and DOM components. This study involved the collection of 54 urban greenspaces samples from five climate zones in mainland China and utilization of FT-ICR-MS and 16S rRNA sequencing techniques to reveal the relationship between microbial communities and DOM. Our results showed that the DOM in soil was DOM inated by lignins, followed by proteins, unsaturated hydrocarbons and lipids. Structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that lignins and proteins shared a negative response pattern with mean annual precipitation (MAP), while lipids and tannins showed a positive correlation with MAP. The differences in bacterial community composition among different climatic zones were not significant, and the DOM inant bacteria in the soil were Proteobacteria, followed by Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria. Bacterial diversity was highest in the subtropical monsoon climate, lowest in the tropical monsoon climate. In addition, SEM indicated that there was a significant correlation between the composition and diversity of DOM and the diversity and abundance of bacteria. Our results provided a deeper understanding of the impact of climatic factors on DOM components and the relationship between bacterial diversity and DOM in urban greenspaces.
Graphical Abstract
Think about the stakeholders first! Toward an algorithmic transparency playbook for regulatory compliance
Authors: Bell Andrew , Nov Oded , Stoyanovich Julia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIncreasingly, laws are being proposed and passed by governments around the world to regulate artificial intelligence (AI) systems implemented into the public and private sectors. Many of these regulations address the transparency of AI systems, and related citizen-aware issues like allowing individuals to have the right to an explanation about how an AI system makes a decision that impacts them. Yet, almost all AI governance documents to date have a significant drawback: they have focused onwhatto do (or what not to do) with respect to making AI systems transparent, but have left the brunt of the work to technologists to figure outhowto build transparent systems. We fill this gap by proposing a stakeholder-first approach that assists technologists in designing transparent, regulatory-compliant systems. We also describe a real-world case study that illustrates how this approach can be used in practice.
Minimal Euler characteristics for even-dimensional manifolds with finite fundamental group
Authors: Adem Alejandro , Hambleton Ian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We consider the Euler characteristics

$\chi (M)$

of closed, orientable, topological

$2n$

-manifolds with

$(n-1)$

-connected universal cover and a given fundamental group G of type

$F_n$

. We define

$q_{2n}(G)$

, a generalised version of the Hausmann-Weinberger invariant [19] for 4–manifolds, as the minimal value of

$(-1)^n\chi (M)$

. For all

$n\geq 2$

, we establish a strengthened and extended version of their estimates, in terms of explicit cohomological invariants of G. As an application, we obtain new restrictions for nonabelian finite groups arising as fundamental groups of rational homology 4–spheres.
An extension of Venkatesh’s converse theorem to the Selberg class
Authors: Booker Andrew R. , Farmer Michael , Lee Min 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We extend Venkatesh’s proof of the converse theorem for classical holomorphic modular forms to arbitrary level and character. The method of proof, via the Petersson trace formula, allows us to treat arbitrary degree

$2$

gamma factors of Selberg class type.
Workload analysis of a two-queue fluid polling model
Authors: Kapodistria Stella , Saxena Mayank , Boxma Onno J. , Kella Offer 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze a two-queue random time-limited Markov-modulated polling model. In the first part of the paper, we investigate the fluid version: fluid arrives at the two queues as two independent flows with deterministic rate. There is a single server that serves both queues at constant speeds. The server spends an exponentially distributed amount of time in each queue. After the completion of such a visit time to one queue, the server instantly switches to the other queue, i.e., there is no switch-over time.For this model, we first derive the Laplace–Stieltjes transform (LST) of the stationary marginal fluid content/workload at each queue. Subsequently, we derive a functional equation for the LST of the two-dimensional workload distribution that leads to a Riemann–Hilbert boundary value problem (BVP). After taking a heavy-traffic limit, and restricting ourselves to the symmetric case, the BVP simplifies and can be solved explicitly.In the second part of the paper, allowing for more general (Lévy) input processes and server switching policies, we investigate the transient process limit of the joint workload in heavy traffic. Again solving a BVP, we determine the stationary distribution of the limiting process. We show that, in the symmetric case, this distribution coincides with our earlier solution of the BVP, implying that in this case the two limits (stationarity and heavy traffic) commute.
The paradox of authenticity: The Korean Product Showroom of Mitsukoshi department store in colonial Seoul
Authors: Oh Younjung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMitsukoshi, a famed Japanese department store, opened a Korean Product Showroom in its Keijō (Seoul) branch in 1930. The Korean Product Showroom was the only space decorated in ‘Korean style’ within the Keijō Mitsukoshi building, which was designed in Neo-Renaissance style, much like its flagship store in Tokyo. This showroom offered Korean artefacts as luxury souvenirs aimed at Japanese tourists. The most popular items sold in the showroom were Koryŏ-style celadon ware and lacquerware inlaid with mother-of-pearl, which Mitsukoshi ordered from local workshops in Korea. Interestingly, the workshops were run by Japanese entrepreneurs and sometimes even employed Japanese artisans. This article examines the inauthentic authenticity of ‘Korean style’ and ‘Korean products’ that the Japanese produced and consumed in colonial Korea. It does not imply that only Koreans are entitled to represent Korean culture. There have been many studies asserting that Korean culture was destroyed and distorted from its ‘original’ forms by Japan’s cultural genocide during the colonial period. This article neither is interested in repeating such criticism nor focuses on recuperating genuineKoreanness. Rather, it explores why the Japanese desired ‘pure Korea’ and how that desire shaped ‘Korean style’ and ‘Korean products’ through Keijō Mitsukoshi’s Korean Product Showroom and its products.
A Shakespearean Prophecy Fulfilled? Slav Solidarity and the Colonial Gaze in Czech Tourism on the Eastern Adriatic (1890s–1930s)
Authors: Jeschke Felix 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article discusses discourses of Czech tourism on the Eastern Adriatic coast between the turn of the twentieth century and the 1930s using the Czech resorts in Baška on Krk Island and Kupari near Dubrovnik as case studies. The author argues that the ideological foundation of this type of tourism was a narrative of proximity between the Czechs and their fellow Slav Croatians. At the same time, the practice of Czech tourism was characterized by a pattern of cultural paternalism and economic exploitation toward the local population. It thus became a pseudo-colonial enterprise that distorted the Czech national myth of democracy, rationalism, and cosmopolitanism. Nevertheless, tourism still contributed to cultural mediation between Czechs and South Slavs. This article illustrates that point by highlighting the commemoration of the Yugoslav playwright Ivo Vojnović by Czech tourists in the 1930s.
A comprehensive review of the latest path planning developments for multi-robot formation systems
Authors: Abujabal Nour , Fareh Raouf , Sinan Saif , Baziyad Mohammed , Bettayeb Maamar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere has been a continuous interest in multi-robot formation systems in the last few years due to several significant advantages such as robustness, scalability, and efficiency. However, multi-robot formation systems suffer from well-known problems such as energy consumption, processing speed, and security. Therefore, developers are continuously researching for optimal solutions that can gather the benefits of multi-robot formation systems while overcoming the possible challenges. A backbone process required by any multi-robot system is path planning. Thus, path planning for multi-robot systems is a recent top research topic. However, the literature lacks a recent comprehensive review of path planning works designed for multi-robot systems. The aim of this review paper is to provide a comprehensive assessment and an insightful look into various path planning techniques developed in multi-robot formation systems, in addition to highlighting the basic problems involved in this field. This will allow the reader to discover the research gaps that must be solved for a better path planning experience for multi-robot formation systems. Finally, an illustrative comparative example is presented at the end of the paper to show the advantages and disadvantages of some popular path planning techniques.
Raising Dogs that Bite: How Pastoralists and Breeders Care for Tibetan Mastiffs
Authors: Zhou Yufei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTibetan pastoralists have long been using dogs as guards. Since the late 1980s, the same dogs, called “Tibetan Mastiffs,” have become valuable pets for Han Chinese consumers. This paper discusses how commodification transforms the value of these dogs, and the care relationship between humans and dogs. Tibetan pastoralists and dogs participate in a reciprocal yet distanced care relationship through raising and guarding, which is not confined to a pursuit of dogs’ ferocity. In contrast, a taste for ferocity prevails in the Tibetan Mastiff market, and breeders care for dogs in a more dedicated, and yet more unilateral and dangerous, way. The unintended consequence of breeders’ care is that they raise dogs that sometimes bite; this is explained based on a process of value transformation in dogs’ guarding abilities, from ethical virtue to commercial price.
Es nuestra tradición: the archaeological implications of an ethnography on a modern ballgame in Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Stoll Marijke M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPre-hispanic ballgames have an extensive temporal depth and geographical breadth across Mesoamerica, with over 1,500 ball courts recorded on 1,200 archaeological sites in Mexico alone. It is likely that ballgames played critical but variable roles in how communities related to each other. Most interpretations emphasize ballgames as cosmological rituals and legitimation practices exclusive to elites, perhaps often overlooking the more mundane sociopolitical processes and reasons why they carried such critical meaning for people of all classes and statuses. Ethnographic research on modern ballgames played by Indigenous and mestizo communities today can helpfully provide some insights or maybe deeper understandings into ancient ballgame practices and their relation to Mesoamerican communities. While modern games are not isomorphic with the ancient games, the duration of these traditions underscores their continuing importance and their relativity to current research. In this article I present the results of an ethnographic study of the modern ballgame pelota mixteca de hule (Mixtec rubber ballgame) in the southern Mexican state of Oaxaca. Considering the results from the ethnographic data, I then discuss an archaeological case study in the Nejapa Valley of southeastern Oaxaca where numerous ballcourts were recently documented over the past decade.
Making Women Visible: How Gender Quotas Shape Global Attitudes toward Women in Politics
Authors: Kim Jessica , Fallon Kathleen M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSince the 1990s, gender quotas have been celebrated for improving women’s equality. Yet their cross-national and longitudinal impact on attitudes toward female politicians and the mechanism through which this process occurs are not well understood. Using multilevel modeling on 87 nations, we examine how different types of quotas, with varied features and levels of strength, shape beliefs about women in politics. We give particular attention to the mechanism of visibility created by quotas in impacting attitudes. Results suggest that unlike quotas with features facilitating low visibility (i.e., weak quotas), those producing high visibility (i.e., robust quotas) significantly impact public approval of women in politics. However, the direction of this effect varies by quota type. Social context also matters. Robust quota effects—both positive and negative—are especially pronounced in democracies but are insignificant in nondemocracies. Limited differences by gender (men versus women) emerge. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed.
Unveiling claims of discrimination based on nationality in the context of occupation under international humanitarian and human rights law
Authors: Dvaladze George 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article examines international humanitarian law (IHL) and human rights guarantees of equality and non-discrimination applicable to cases of belligerent occupation. Capitalizing on the responsibilities of the Occupying Power with respect to different categories of persons living in the occupied territory distinguished by their nationality, it looks at the contents of obligations stemming from relevant norms of the two regimes and their interplay. It also addresses questions of the adequacy, utility and limits of IHL and human rights in according protection from discrimination and inequality to the inhabitants of the occupied territory.
A Secondary Zone of Uplift Measured After Megathrust Earthquakes: Caused by Early Downdip Afterslip?
Authors: Ragon Théa , Simons Mark 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA secondary zone of surface uplift (SZU), located from 200 to 400 km landward of the trench, has been measured after several megathrust earthquakes. The SZU reached a few centimeters hours to days after the 2011 Mw 9.1 Tohoku (Japan) and 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule (Chile) earthquakes. Published coseismic finite‐fault models for these events do not reproduce the measured SZU. One interpretation is that this SZU is universal, driven by volume deformation around the slab interface (van Dinther et al., 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-019-02250-z). In contrast, we demonstrate the SZU may instead result from slip on the slab interface, and suggest it might be caused by rapid afterslip. We can reproduce the SZU with fault slip if elastic heterogeneities associated with the subducting slab are accounted for, as opposed to assuming homogeneous or layered elastic lithospheric structures.
The Cycle of Large‐Scale Aggregation in Tropical Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium
Authors: Dygert Brittany D. , Hartmann Dennis L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn numerical experiments in tropical radiative‐convective equilibrium with interactive sea surface temperature (SST), the interaction between SST gradients and circulation can lead to an inter‐annual oscillation between aggregated and relatively disaggregated convection. We investigate these oscillations in a global aquaplanet model with uniform insolation, no rotation, and slab ocean. The large‐scale circulation organizes into warm convective regions and cooler subsiding regions. The cycle is characterized by variations in the surface temperature contrast between these warm and cold regions and the fraction of the domain that is subsiding. The temperature contrast grows as the warm region warms, the cool region cools, and the subsiding region expands. When the temperature contrast has reached its maximum, the large‐scale circulation becomes much more effective at removing energy from the warm region, which enables evaporative cooling and cloud shortwave reflection to rapidly cool the warm region. The efficiency of atmospheric transport in cooling the warm region is associated with positive skewness of the SST distribution and a minimum in the area of rising motion. During the decline of SST contrast, evaporative cooling declines in the subsiding region and the cold pool begins to warm. Low clouds in the subsiding region decline due to a decrease in longwave cooling above the boundary layer associated with decreased subsidence drying as the subsiding region expands. At temperatures warmer than the current tropics, the response of the hydrologic cycle to SST contrast becomes stronger, so that the oscillation speeds up, weakens in amplitude, and vanishes at sufficiently high temperatures.