bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What's inside a sauropod limb? First three‐dimensional investigation of the limb long bone microanatomy of a sauropod dinosaur, Nigersaurus taqueti (Neosauropoda, Rebbachisauridae), and implications for the weight‐bearing function
Authors: Lefebvre Rémi , Allain Ronan , Houssaye Alexandra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVarious terrestrial tetrapods convergently evolved to gigantism (large body sizes and masses), the most extreme case being sauropod dinosaurs. Heavy weight‐bearing taxa often show external morphological features related to this condition, but also adequacy in their limb bone inner structure: a spongiosa filling the medullary area and a rather thick cortex varying greatly in thickness along the shaft. However, the microanatomical variation in such taxa remains poorly known, especially between different limb elements. We highlight for the first time the three‐dimensional microstructure of the six limb long bone types of a sauropod dinosaur, Nigersaurus taqueti. Sampling several specimens of different sizes, we explored within‐bone, between‐bones, and size‐related variations. If a spongiosa fills the medullary area of all bones, the cortex is rather thin and varies only slightly in thickness along the shaft. Zeugopod bones appear more compact than stylopod ones, whereas no particular differences between serially homologous bones are found. Nigersaurus' pattern appears much less extreme than that in heavy terrestrial taxa such as rhinoceroses, but is partly similar to observations in elephants and in two‐dimensional sauropod data. Thus, microanatomy may have not been the predominant feature for weight‐bearing in sauropods. External features, such as columnarity (shared with elephants) and postcranial pneumaticity, may have played a major role for this function, thus relaxing pressures on microanatomy. Also, sauropods may have been lighter than expected for a given size. Our study calls for further three‐dimensional investigations, eventually yielding a framework characterizing more precisely how sauropod gigantism may have been possible.
Findings from a randomized controlled trial of Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy for people with schizophrenia: Effects on metacognition and symptoms
Authors: Hasson‐Ohayon Ilanit , Igra Libby , Lavi‐Rotenberg Adi , Goldzweig Gil , Lysaker Paul H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundResearch has suggested that people diagnosed with schizophrenia experience challenges in their abilities to reflect upon themselves, others and their actions in the world. One emerging approach to addressing these forms of subjective disturbance is Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy (MERIT).AimsIn this study, a randomized delayed trial was conducted to assess the effects of MERIT upon metacognition, psychiatric symptoms and quality of life.Materials and MethodsFollowing recruitment and randomization, data from 54 adults diagnosed with schizophrenia were analysed.ResultsFindings included significant interaction effects between group (immediate intervention or waiting condition) and time (pre‐ and post intervention) with regard to the metacognition general score and its domain of mastery, as well as with regard to negative, positive and cognitive symptoms.DiscussionParticipating in MERIT seems to improve one's ability to use reflective knowledge to cope with psychological challenges and to improve, or at least maintain, level of symptomatology.ConclusionsThese findings are discussed within the framework of agency as an important aspect of recovery.
Rice DSP controls stigma, panicle and tiller primordium initiation
Authors: Yu Li , Yao Min , Mao Lianlian , Ma Tengfei , Nie Yanshen , Ma Haoli , Shao Kun , An Hongqiang , Zhao Jie 
Published: July 2023

SummaryTiller and seed number are key determinants of rice (Oryza sativa) yield. These traits are mainly affected by tiller, panicle, spikelet and stigma formation, but to date, no single gene involved in the development of all these organs has been identified. Here, we found a rice mutant defective stigma and panicle (dsp) with greatly reduced numbers of tillers and panicle branches, and ovaries lacking stigmas, due to defects in primordium initiation. We cloned DSP using sequencing‐based mapping and verified its function with the CRISPR/Cas9 system. DSP encodes a transcription factor containing an APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) domain that recognizes the GCC motif and a transcription‐activating domain at the site of 244–314 that contains an angiosperm‐related (AR) motif. Mutating the AR motif resulted in the dsp mutant phenotypes, whereas mutating the AP2/ERF domain led to seedling death. DSP directly regulated PINOID (PID) expression to determine the emergence of rice stigmas, and PID overexpression partially rescued the stigma defect in the dsp cr2‐8 and dsp mutants. Moreover, DSP indirectly affected LAX PANICLE1 (LAX1) expression to determine tiller primordium formation and synergistically regulated panicle primordium development. Our results indicated that DSP was a key regulator that modulated different genetic pathways to control the initiation of stigma primordia, the axillary meristem formation of tillers and panicle branches, which revealed their molecular mechanisms and cross‐networks, laying the vital foundation for rice yield and trait improvement.
Multidisciplinary and multidimensional approaches to transplantation in children with rare genetic kidney diseases
Authors: George Roshan P. , Winterberg Pamela D. , Garro Rouba 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this review, we describe the multidisciplinary, multidimensional care required to optimize outcomes for pediatric transplant recipients with rare genetic kidney diseases. Transplant success, recipient survival, and improvement in quality of life depend on collaboration between patients, families, and a team of specialists with medical, as well as nonmedical expertise. A multidisciplinary transplant team composed of experts from medicine, surgery, nursing, nutrition, social services, transplant coordination, psychology, and pharmacology, is now standard in most transplant centers and is critical to the success of a transplant. In addition to these professionals, other specialists, such as cardiologists, urologists, geneticists, metabolic disease specialists, occupational therapists, case management, child life, chaplain, and palliative care services, have a crucial role to play in the preparation, surgery, and follow‐up care, especially when a pediatric patient has a rare genetic disorder leading to renal involvement, and the need for transplantation. In order to describe this multidisciplinary care, we divide the genetic renal diseases into five subgroups—metabolic and tubular disorders, glomerular diseases, congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, ciliopathies including cystic diseases, and miscellaneous renal conditions; and describe for each, the need for care beyond that provided by the standard transplant team members.
CsBPC2 is a key regulator of root growth and development
Authors: Feng Xiaojie , Li Shuzhen , Meng Di , Di Qinghua , Zhou Mengdi , Yu Xianchang , He Chaoxing , Yan Yan , Wang Jun , Sun Mintao , Li Yansu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBASIC PENTACYSTEINE (BPCs) transcription factors are important regulators of plant growth and development. However, the regulatory mechanism of BPC2 in roots remains unclear. In our previous study, we created Csbpc2 cucumber mutants by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and our studies on the phenotype of Csbpc2 mutants showed that the root growth was inhibited compared with wide‐type (WT). Moreover, the surface area, volume and number of roots decreased significantly, with root system architecture changing from dichotomous branching to herringbone branching. Compared with WT, the leaf growth of the Csbpc2 mutants was not affected. However, the palisade and spongy tissue were significantly thinner, which was not beneficial for photosynthesis. The metabolome of root exudates showed that compared with WT, amino acids and their derivatives were significantly decreased, and the enriched pathways were mainly regulated by amino acids and their derivatives, indicating that knockout of CsBPC2 mainly affected the amino acid content in root exudates. Importantly, transcriptome analysis showed that knockout of CsBPC2 mainly affected root gene expression. Knockout of CsBPC2 significantly reduced the gene expression of gibberellins synthesis. However, the expression of genes related to amino acid synthesis, nitrogen fixation and PSII‐related photosynthesis increased significantly, which may be due to the effect of knocking out CsBPC2 on gibberellins synthesis, resulting in the inhibition of seedling growth, thus forming negative feedback regulation. Generally, we showed for the first time that BPC2 is a key regulator gene of root growth and development, laying the foundation for future mechanisms of BPC2 regulation in roots.
Treatable traits, combination inhaler therapy and the future of asthma management
Authors: Gibson Peter G. , McDonald Vanessa M. , Thomas Dennis 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe landscape of asthma has considerably changed in the last decade. Effective medications and inhaler devices have been developed and integrated into the asthma pharmacopoeia, but unfortunately, the proportion of uncontrolled patients remains unacceptably high. This is now recognized to be mainly due to the inappropriate use of medications or inhaler devices, heterogeneity of the disease or other factors contributing to the disease. Currently, inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), with or without long‐acting beta agonists (LABA), are the cornerstone of asthma management, and recently international guidelines recognized the importance of combination inhaler therapy (ICS/LABA) even in mild asthma. In future, ultra‐long‐acting personalized medications and smart inhalers will complement combination inhaler therapy in order to effectively addresses issues such as adherence, inhaler technique and polypharmacy (both of drugs and devices). Asthma is now acknowledged as a multifaceted cluster of disorders and the treatment model has evolved from one‐size‐fits‐all to precision medicine approaches such as treatable traits (TTs, defined as measurable and treatable clinically important factors) which encourages the quality use of medications and identification and management of all underlying behavioural and biological treatable risk factors. TT requires research and validation in a clinical context and the implementation strategies and efficacy in various settings (primary/secondary/tertiary care, low‐middle income countries) and populations (mild/moderate/severe asthma) are currently evolving. Combination inhaler therapy and the TTs approach are complementary treatment approaches. This review examines the current status of personalized medicine and combination inhaler therapy, and describes futuristic views for these two strategies.
The effect of fatigue on spike jump biomechanics in view of patellar tendon loading in volleyball
Authors: Vermeulen Stefan , De Bleecker Camilla , Spanhove Valentien , Segers Veerle , Willems Tine , Roosen Philip , Vanrenterghem Jos , De Ridder Roel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePatellar tendinopathy (PT) is a highly prevalent overuse injury in volleyball and is often linked with overloading of the patellar tendon. Little is known, however, about whether and how patellar tendon loading is affected by fatigue during the most challenging jump activity in volleyball. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of a high‐intensity, intermittent fatigue protocol on movement alterations in terms of patellar tendon loading during a volleyball spike jump.MethodsForty‐three male volleyball players participated in this study. Three‐dimensional full‐body kinematics and kinetics were collected when performing a spike jump before and after the fatigue protocol. Sagittal plane joint angles, joint work and patellar tendon loading were calculated and analyzed with curve analyses using paired sample t‐tests to investigate fatigue effects (p < 0.05).ResultsFatigue induced a stiffer lower extremity landing strategy together with prolonged pelvis‐trunk flexion compared to baseline (p = 0.001–0.005). Decreased patellar tendon forces (p = 0.001–0.010) and less eccentric knee joint work (−5%, p < 0.001) were observed after the fatigue protocol compared to baseline.ConclusionProtective strategies seem to be utilized in a fatigued state to avoid additional tensile forces acting on the patellar tendon, including proximal compensations and stiff lower extremity landings. We hypothesize that players might be more prone for developing PT if eccentric patellar tendon loads are high in the non‐fatigued state and/or these loads are somehow not decreased after fatigue.
On the use of an induced temperature gradient and full‐field measurements to investigate and model the thermomechanical behaviour of an austenitic stainless steel 316
Authors: Soares Guilherme C. , Rubio Ruiz Arturo , Hokka Mikko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA temperature gradient was induced in 316 stable austenitic stainless‐steel tension specimens, and the strain and temperature evolution during tensile deformation was monitored using optical and infrared cameras. The combination of global load with full‐field strain and temperature provided local information on the thermomechanical state of the investigated material. The deformation did not fully concentrate on the hotter portion of the specimen, but instead, the hottest portion strain hardened enough so that the colder portions of the specimen also experienced plastic deformation. Evidently, heat release occurred with plastic deformation and altered the initial temperature gradient as deformation progressed. The Taylor–Quinney coefficient was computed in integral and differential forms, and both are presented as a function of temperature and strain. The Johnson–Cook plasticity model was calibrated through an inverse method procedure in which only five tests were used, and the obtained temperature and strain rate dependencies of the model were comparable to those found in the literature for the same material. A local analysis was done to quantify the impact of adiabatic heating on the mechanical behaviour of the material.
Facts and Hopes on Neutralization of Protumor Inflammatory Mediators in Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Olivera Irene , Luri-Rey Carlos , Teijeira Alvaro , Eguren-Santamaria Iñaki , Gomis Gabriel , Palencia Belen , Berraondo Pedro , Melero Ignacio 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In cancer pathogenesis, soluble mediators are responsible for a type of inflammation that favors the progression of tumors. The mechanisms chiefly involve changes in the cellular composition of the tumor tissue stroma and in the functional modulation of myeloid and lymphoid leukocytes. Active immunosuppression, proangiogenesis, changes in leukocyte traffic, extracellular matrix remodeling, and alterations in tumor-antigen presentation are the main mechanisms linked to the inflammation that fosters tumor growth and metastasis. Soluble inflammatory mediators and their receptors are amenable to various types of inhibitors that can be combined with other immunotherapy approaches. The main proinflammatory targets which can be interfered with at present and which are under preclinical and clinical development are IL1β, IL6, the CXCR1/2 chemokine axis, TNFα, VEGF, leukemia inhibitory factor, CCL2, IL35, and prostaglandins. In many instances, the corresponding neutralizing agents are already clinically available and can be repurposed as a result of their use in other areas of medicine such as autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory conditions.
Strategic Learning and Metacognitive Skills in Mathematics of The Bachelor of Industrial Technology at A University in Roxas City, Capiz
Authors: Icamina Princess May A. 
Published: July 2023

Students frequently believe that mathematics is a challenging subject to learn. The learners must have the necessary skills to study the material quickly as a result. The idea that learners can select various methods for completing particular tasks is implied frequently by the term "strategic learning skills". This strategy can help students develop their critical-thinking and artistic abilities in the classroom. The investigation aims to determine the level of strategic learning skills of students that affect their level of metacognitive skills in Mathematics. The study used the survey-correlational method of research in gathering data. The participants of this study were the 158 BS in Industrial Technology second-year students, officially enrolled in Capiz State University – Main Campus randomly selected using stratified sampling. Data were gathered using a 50-item researcher-made Strategic Learning Skills Questionnaire and a 35-item standardized Metacognitive Skills Questionnaire. Frequency count, percentage, mean, standard deviation, One-way ANOVA, and Pearson r were used as statistical tools. Inferential tests were at the alpha level of significance set at 0.05. Findings revealed that the level of strategic learning skills of the second-year learners of the BS in Industrial Technology was “high”. In consonance, the level of their metacognitive skills in Mathematics was “evident”. These led to the conclusion that there were no appreciable differences in the metacognitive abilities among the strategic learning skill levels of the second-year BS in Industrial Technology learners. There was no connection between the second-year students of BS in Industrial Technology's strategic learning and metacognitive skills in Mathematics.
Green Infrastructure: Flood Control and Water Management
Authors: Velita Lolita , Demeterio Rino Anthony , Mayor Alex , Flores, Jr. Januario 
Published: July 2023

Water scarcity is a pressing issue in many parts of the world. One innovative solution to this problem is rainwater harvesting, which involves collecting and storing rainwater for later use. The study aims to install a rainwater harvesting and treatment system to :1. Reduce water loss by its running-off.2 Meeting the demands of increasing water. 3. Reducing groundwater contamination.4. Increase available water during dry season.5. Reduce flooding and potentially prevent flooding of roads. This is a descriptive research method and is purely qualitative. It used Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Interview, and secondary data to get the necessary information from three Consultants, three Executives, and four Professors who are experts in the field. The study found that the rainwater harvesting and treatment facility would be a feasible project. It would minimize water consumption costs and reduce flooding in the city, with potential for replication by other universities, governments, and private entities.
Impact of Biochar Application on Chemical and Microbial Properties of Soil
Authors: Wigan Minajoy B. 
Published: July 2023

Biochar is a carbonaceous solid compound formed by high-temperature of organic waste. The quality of biochar produced is determined by pyrolysis conditions and the type of raw materials. This study focused on the evaluation of the impact of biochar application on soil chemical and microbial properties. Four types of biochar from corn cobs, sawdust, mud press, and rice hull were produced and their chemical composition (pH, Organic Matter, Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, Carbon: Nitrogen Ratio, Available Phosphorus, and Exchangeable Potassium) was analyzed. A pot experiment with five treatments [T1 - Pure Soil; T2 – Soil + corn cob biochar; T3 – soil + sawdust biochar; T4 – soil + mud press biochar; T5 – soil + rice hull biochar] replicated three times was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD). An equal amount of soil was placed in pots and mixed with biochar at a ratio of fifty grams (50g) per one-thousand grams (1000g) of soil. A total of fifteen experimental pots were used in the study where each pot contains a soil-biochar mixture of one-thousand five-hundred grams (1500g). Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to determine how the soils applied with biochar are affected after sixty days of incubation and determine how biochar sources were related. All four biochar from rice hull, corn cobs, mud press, and sawdust are all alkaline and contain comparable amounts of organic matter, organic carbon, pH, soil nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium. The result of the study showed that biochar application significantly improved soil pH, soil organic matter content, soil organic carbon, and soil nitrogen content. Soils amended with biochar showed comparable amounts of available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. The application of biochar in soils therefore can be considered a potential solution to enhance soil fertility for sustainable crop production.
Embracing My Body: Unveiling the Diversity in Body Appreciation among Clustered Groups of Filipina Emerging Adults
Authors: Neves Aerin Paulina B. , Padama Angela Marie D. , Malgapu Mia Gayle S. , Golosino Benecia Loyd V. , Arcinas Myla M. 
Published: July 2023

This study examines the body appreciation levels of clustered groups of Filipinas emergent adult in Metro Manila based on their socio-demographic characteristics (SDCs), body esteem (BE), quality of relationship with their parents (QRP), and quality of interactions with their peers (QIP). Using a purposive non-probability sampling technique, 227 Filipina emerging adults between 18 and 29 from Metro Manila participated in the study. The data was collected through an online survey using a semi-structure questionnaire. Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis were used to determine the significant difference between clustered groups. Findings show that young Filipinas emerging adults have higher BA levels; college undergraduates have higher BA levels; there is no significant difference in BA levels between income groups; those with high BE have higher BA; those with poor QRP have higher BA; there is no significant difference in BA levels between excellency groups. In conclusion, a statistically significant difference exists between the BA levels of the aggregated categories of BE, QRP, EA, and age. To further examine the body appreciation of Filipina emerging adults, a blended method study can provide depth to the findings generated using the quantitative study.