bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary inclusion effect of various sources of phyto‐additives on growth, feed utilization, body composition, and plasma chemistry of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), and challenge test against Edwardsiella tarda compared to a commercial probiotic (super lacto®)
Authors: Zaman Md. Farid Uz , Cho Sung Hwoan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInclusion of various sources of additives in aquafeeds is practically helpful to elevate the growth performance and disease resistance of aquatic animals. An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to determine the inclusion effects of phyto‐additives (yacon, ginger, and blueberry) into diets on olive flounder growth, feed utilization, chemical composition, and plasma chemistry, and to challenge test against Edwardsiella tarda in comparison to a commercial probiotic SUP (Super lacto®). Six hundred juvenile olive flounder were randomly allocated into 15, 50 L flow‐through tanks (40 fish per tank). Five experimental diets were formulated. No additive was included in the control (Con) diet. One percent of yacon, ginger, and blueberry powders, and 0.5% Super Lacto® were included at the expense of wheat flour and water in the Con diet, also referred to as the YCP (yacon powder), GGP (ginger powder), BBP (blueberry powder), and SUP diets, respectively. All experimental diets were hand‐fed to triplicate groups of fish twice a day until they were visually satiated for a period of 8 weeks. Following the 4‐ and 8‐week feeding trials, 10 and 20 fish were taken from each tank and artificially infected with E. tarda, and then survival was monitored for the next 6 and 8 days after infection, respectively. At the end of the 8‐week feeding trial, no significant difference was observed in weight gain, feed consumption, feed utilization, chemical composition, and plasma chemistry in olive flounder. However, the survival of olive flounder fed the GGP diet was significantly (p < 0.004 and p < 0.02, respectively) higher than that of fish fed the SUP, BBP, and Con diets, and the SUP and Con diets after the 4‐ and 8‐week feeding trials, respectively, according to the Kaplan–Meier survival curve. In conclusion, phyto‐additive, especially GG, can be used as an effective immunostimulant in the olive flounder diet at the occurrence of E. tarda.
Growth, fillet yield, and muscle quality traits are not affected by a genotype by diet interaction in rainbow trout consuming diets that differ in lipid content
Authors: Cleveland Beth M. , Radler Lisa M. , Leeds Tim D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, selectively bred rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with improved fillet yield were reared on three commercially available diets that varied in dietary lipid content: low lipid (LL, 18%), moderate lipid (ML, 24%), and high lipid (HL, 29%–33%). The objective was to determine if a genotype by diet interaction affects product yield and muscle quality traits in high fillet yield (HY) and low fillet yield (LY) lines of rainbow trout. Main effects of the genetic line (p < 0.05) were observed for viscera yield, carcass yield, and fillet yield that were more favorable in the HY line. Analysis of muscle quality traits indicated that selection for fillet yield did not compromise fillet quality. A genotype by diet interaction (p < 0.05) was observed for viscera lipid content at the 2 kg harvest, for which viscera lipid content was similar between the HY and LY lines for the LL and HL diets, but greater (p < 0.05) in the LY line for the ML diet. Collectively, these findings indicate that higher product yields in the selectively bred HY line of rainbow trout will persist across diets with variable crude lipid/energy contents.
The EU regulatory data protection in the agrochemical industry: Towards a data sharing model in favour of sustainable market play and a sustainable environment
Authors: Zemła‐Pacud Żaneta , Lenarczyk Gabriela 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRegulatory data protection is mandated in the Agreement on the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) for two kinds of goods: medicinal products and plant protection products (PPP). In the European Union (EU), the level of their protection has been set far beyond the minimum TRIPS standards and the adopted model of protection has been, for the most part, based on temporary exclusivity. Innovative plant protection products benefit from data exclusivity combined with a compulsory data sharing regime. Data exclusivity refers to products being authorised for the first time for the market of the EU on the grounds of a complete authorisation procedure, based on submission of a full data dossier. Within the period of exclusivity, these data may not be referred to in the authorisation procedure of a generic product—an equivalent to the reference one. In this way, data exclusivity creates a period of factual monopoly for the innovative products and constitutes a sui generis intellectual property right. This paper presents the regime of regulatory data protection in the European Union law as an instrument of legal protection for innovative products in the agrochemical industry. It first analyzes the purpose and functions of regulatory data protection in EU law and in the TRIPS Agreement. Then, the rules of protection by means of data exclusivity and compulsory data sharing are examined. This allows for further considerations on the role of regulatory data protection and compulsory sharing of data in the overall legal protection for innovative products in the agrochemical industry. In view of the above, this chapter discusses both the instruments of protection for PPP regulatory data and poses several questions concerning their rules, practical meaning and possible future modifications. In particular, it is considered whether data exclusivity is the optimal regime of protection for registration data and recommend that a data sharing approach could be used instead of the data exclusivity rule, as is the case with compulsory vertebrate data sharing, to the benefit of the industry and public interest. This chapter allows for evaluation and assessment of the economic and social value of data exclusivity in said areas for fostering primary and secondary innovation, while acknowledging other vital interests such as protection of public interest and safeguarding competition in the relevant markets. Finally, this chapter maps challenges of the current model of protection and indicates areas for further consideration in both creating a coherent and balanced framework of PPP data protection and the possible extrapolation of the data sharing rules to systems of data protection for other life science products.
Elimination of HDV: Epidemiologic implications and public health perspectives
Authors: Tharwani Areeba , Hamid Saeed 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection causes the severest form of viral hepatitis in humans. Discovered in 1977, it was considered an infection prevalent in the eastern Mediterranean region. Today it is recognized as a global infection of public health importance, however accurate prevalence remains uncertain because of lack of good epidemiological studies. Under‐screening for HDV is the single most important factor in under‐estimating the true burden of infection. Urgent efforts are therefore needed to apply reliable screening tools and robust surveillance methodologies to study HDV. There is now a move by major hepatology societies to recommend HDV antibody testing in all persons with HBV infection. Important differences also need to be recognized between countries considered endemic or non‐endemic countries. While the endemic infections likely spread horizontally in the general population, and is quite often nosocomial, in non‐endemic countries special populations may carry the greater burden, such as persons with injection drug use and various sexual exposures. Even in endemic countries, HDV often exists in significant pockets of the general population. HDV has been categorized as an orphan infection due to lack of approved therapies. Recently there have significant advances in therapy and further clinical trials continue. However, as new therapies are approved, equitable access to the medications will become a major public health issue, particularly because most HDV patients live in low or low middle income countries.
Holoplankton and meroplankton communities in surf zone waters of a temperate SW Atlantic sandy beach: Seasonal patterns
Authors: Menéndez M. Clara , Baleani Carla A. , Acha E. Marcelo , Piccolo M. Cintia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSandy beaches and their associated surf zones are the most common type of open shoreline, with significant ecological and socio‐economic importance. In this study, we explored the seasonal fluctuations of the surf zone holo‐ and meroplankton communities to understand the underlying environmental variables driving the temporal dynamics of each community. We also defined a surf‐zooplankton community on a temperate sandy beach (Monte Hermoso, Argentina) and related the organisms to those reported in a nearby estuary for a better understanding of the connection between adjacent coastal ecosystems. Holoplankton was very abundant (13.52–11070.4 ind m−3) and showed a strong seasonality, mainly related to the specific pattern of the two most abundant species: Acartia tonsa (>autumn) and Paracalanus parvus (>winter). This community was affected by seasonal changes in water temperature and salinity and variations in the velocity of currents, which showed that hydrodynamic forces were more significant on a short‐term time scale than seasonal ones. Meroplankton abundances (1.3–48.05 ind m−3) were significantly lower than those recorded for the holoplankton and were mainly dominated by Medusae and larvae of Bivalvia and Decapoda. This fraction also showed a clear seasonal pattern (>abundances in summer), primarily related to the seasonal changes in temperature. The abundances of the main surf‐zooplanktonic taxa were high and constant, emphasizing the importance of these waters as habitats for well‐established communities rather than being used as a transient area. Consequently, we proposed a “specific” surf‐zooplankton community for a temperate sandy beach, considering resident and non‐resident taxa. Finally, the comparison of the surf and estuarine communities indicated a faunal relationship between seascapes, highlighting the ecological role of coastal waters in planktonic life.
c‐di‐GMP regulates activity of the PlzA RNA chaperone from the Lyme disease spirochete
Authors: Van Gundy Taylor , Patel Dhara , Bowler Bruce E. , Rothfuss Michael T. , Hall Allie J. , Davies Christopher , Hall Laura S. , Drecktrah Dan , Marconi Richard T. , Samuels D. Scott , Lybecker Meghan C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPlzA is a c‐di‐GMP‐binding protein crucial for adaptation of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia (Borreliella) burgdorferi during its enzootic life cycle. Unliganded apo‐PlzA is important for vertebrate infection, while liganded holo‐PlzA is important for survival in the tick; however, the biological function of PlzA has remained enigmatic. Here, we report that PlzA has RNA chaperone activity that is inhibited by c‐di‐GMP binding. Holo‐ and apo‐PlzA bind RNA and accelerate RNA annealing, while only apo‐PlzA can strand displace and unwind double‐stranded RNA. Guided by the crystal structure of PlzA, we identified several key aromatic amino acids protruding from the N‐ and C‐terminal domains that are required for RNA‐binding and unwinding activity. Our findings illuminate c‐di‐GMP as a switch controlling the RNA chaperone activity of PlzA, and we propose that complex RNA‐mediated modulatory mechanisms allow PlzA to regulate gene expression during both the vector and host phases of the B. burgdorferi life cycle.
Risk factor for progression to kidney failure with replacement therapy in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease: A retrospective single‐centre cohort study
Authors: Nagae Hiroshi , Ueno Yuki , Shojima Masumi , Takae Keita , Kuroki Yusuke , Katafuchi Ritsuko 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the number of elderly patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increased, few studies have examined their prognosis.MethodsThe study design was a retrospective cohort study at a single centre. We evaluated 301 patients aged ≥75 years old with CKD stage G3a to G5. The primary endpoint was kidney failure with replacement therapy (KFRT) and secondary endpoints were all‐cause mortality and annual decline rates of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The incidence of KFRT was estimated using the cumulative incidence method considering the competing risk of death. To identify the independent risk factors related to KFRT, multivariate Fine‐Gray regression model analysis were performed.ResultsThe median age of the patients was 79 years and the median eGFR was 24.0 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline. Urinary protein was positive in 70% of patients. With a median follow‐up of 24.5 months, 35% of the patients developed KFRT and 9% died. Kidney survival significantly decreased according to the CKD stage at baseline. In patients without proteinuria, the cumulative incidence of KFRT increased in CKD stage G5 patients, while in patients with proteinuria, the incidence of KFRT increased from patients with CKD stage G3b. Multivariate Fine‐Gray regression model revealed that less aged, CKD stage G5, baseline data such as proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperuricemia were independent risk factors for KFRT.ConclusionElderly CKD patients with proteinuria need to be carefully monitored even at an early CKD stage because of the risk of developing KFRT.
B7‐H3 drives immunosuppression and Co‐targeting with CD47 is a new therapeutic strategy in β‐catenin activated melanomas
Authors: Hsu Min , Martin Tiphaine C. , Vyas Nikki S. , Desman Garrett , Mendelson Karen , Horst Basil , Parsons Ramon E. , Celebi Julide Tok 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn melanoma, immune cell infiltration into the tumor is associated with better patient outcomes and response to immunotherapy. T‐cell non‐inflamed tumors (cold tumors) are associated with tumor cell‐intrinsic Wnt/β‐catenin activation, and are typically resistant to anti‐PD‐1 alone or in combination with anti‐CTLA‐4 therapy. Reversal of the ‘cold tumor’ phenotype and identifying new effective immunotherapies are challenges. We sought to investigate the role of a newer immunotherapy agent, B7‐H3, in this setting. RNA sequencing was used to identify co‐targeting strategies upon B7‐H3 inhibition in a well‐defined preclinical melanoma model driven by β‐catenin. We found that immune checkpoint molecule B7‐H3 confers a suppressive tumor microenvironment by modulating antiviral signals and innate immunity. B7‐H3 inhibition led to an inflamed microenvironment, up‐regulation of CD47/SIRPa signaling, and together with blockade of the macrophage checkpoint CD47 resulted in additive antitumor responses. We found that the antitumor effects of the B7‐H3/CD47 antibody combination were dependent on cytokine signaling pathways (CCR5/CCL5 and IL4).
Our experience with propranolol for infantile hemangioma
Authors: Wu Yao , Zhao Piaoping , Song Wei , Lu Wenmin , Dai Ting , Wang Liuhui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground/objectivesThe most frequent benign vascular tumor in children is infantile hemangioma (IH). For severe IHs, propranolol has become the first‐line Treatment. Despite the fact that several studies have comprehensive therapy regimens, including the best time to start Treatment, dosage, visit frequency, and treatment duration, there is still controversy about the best time to start and stop propranolol medication.MethodsBetween January 2016 and February 2019, dermatologists experienced hemangioma treatment and recommended propranolol treatment for 232 IHs. A total of 90 patients completed the treatment process after undergoing a color Doppler ultrasound test.ResultsPropranolol uniquely affects each IH. Ninety patients were divided into two groups in this study: entire regression (n = 40) and partial regression (n = 50). The entire regression group's initial treatment period (4.3 ± 2.97 months) was substantially shorter than the partial regression group's (5.2 ± 4.57 months) (p < 0.05). Between the entire regression group (23.4 ± 12.8 months) and the partial regression group (24.5 ± 16.6 months), there was no significant difference in time to reduce propranolol. The partial regression group (32.9 ± 25.3month) had a lengthier treatment course than the entire regression group (23.4 ± 13.7 months) (p < 0.05). The partial regression group (22%), like the entire regression group, had a higher recurrence rate (5%). The overall proportion of hemangiomas on the face (particularly periocular hemangioma) in the regression group was greater than in the control group.ConclusionThe entire regression group's initial treatment time was significantly shorter than the partial regression group's. As a result, as soon as a hemangioma is discovered, it should be treated. To determine the appropriate time to reduce propranolol, we must evaluate the patient's age and the percentage of tumor regression. Periocular hemangioma may have a better prognosis than other types. Given the small number of patients in our study, we will need to do more research in the future to confirm our findings.
Absence of GSTT1 and polymorphisms in GSTP1 and TP53 are associated with the incidence of acne vulgaris
Authors: Ullah Rehmat , Afgan Sher , Akhtar Mariyam , Asif Muhammad , Latif Muhammad , Mehmood Rashid , Naeem Muhammad , Zahra Kiran , Farooq Muhammad , Ben Said Mourad , Iqbal Furhan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundsAcne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of the pilosebaceous unit affecting most teenagers and numerous adults throughout the world. The present study was designed to assess the association of the presence or absence of GSTM1, GSTT1, and single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1695 in GSTP1 and rs1042522 in TP53 gene with acne vulgaris.MethodsThe cross‐sectional case–control study was conducted at the Institute of Zoology from May 2020 to March 2021 and included acne vulgaris patients (N = 100) and controls (N = 100) enrolled in Dera Ghazi Khan district, Pakistan. Multiplex and tetra‐primer amplification refractory mutation system‐polymerase chain reactions were applied to investigate the genotype in analyzed genes. The association of rs1695 and rs1042522 with acne vulgaris was studied either individually or in various combinations with GATM1 and T1.ResultsA significant association of absence of GSTT1 and mutant genotype at rs1695 (GG) and at rs1042522 (CC) in GSTP1 and TP53, respectively, was found to be associated with acne vulgaris in enrolled subjects. Subjects aged 10–25 years and smokers were more susceptible to acne vulgaris.ConclusionOur results suggest that genotypes of glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) and TP53 are involved in protection against oxidative stress and may influence disease progression in acne vulgaris.
Sellars, practical reality, and practical truth
Authors: Dach Stefanie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWilfrid Sellars is usually read as claiming that only the unobservable, theoretical objects which science would postulate at the ideal end of inquiry are real. Against this, Willem deVries has suggested that we can develop a notion of practical reality in the context of Sellars's philosophy which would pertain primarily to commonsense objects. I use deVries's suggestion as a foil to clarify Sellars's own commitments about the practical. I show that the notion of practical reality is not necessary to secure the ultimate legitimacy of practical concepts. We can retreat to the less committed notion of practical truth. I argue that the notion of practical truth may not be sufficient to ensure that ultimately legitimate practical concepts are commonsense concepts in Sellars's framework. Nevertheless, deVries's suggestion highlights that Sellars's vision of an ultimate conceptual system may have been richer than is often thought.
Conceptualizing Human–Nature Relationships: Implications of Human Exceptionalist Thinking for Sustainability and Conservation
Authors: Kim Joan J. H. , Betz Nicole , Helmuth Brian , Coley John D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe ways in which people conceptualize the human–nature relationship have significant implications for proenvironmental values and attitudes, sustainable behavior, and environmental policy measures. Human exceptionalism (HE) is one such conceptual framework, involving the belief that humans and human societies exist independently of the ecosystems in which they are embedded, promoting a sharp ontological boundary between humans and the rest of the natural world. In this paper, we introduce HE in more depth, exploring the impact of HE on perceptions of the human–nature relationship, the role of culture in HE, and speculating on the origins of HE. We consider potential implications for environmental decision‐making, conservation and environmental science, and promoting proenvironmental behavior. We present empirical evidence on the pervasiveness and consequences of HE in WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic) populations, and potential interventions. Finally, we close with implications of human‐exceptionalist thinking on other sustainability‐related fields, including conservation practices, nature management, climate change adaptation, and environmental science. Understanding the cognitive and social drivers of this disconnect is vital on a planet now dominated by environmental change, as not only are humans increasingly impacted by natural disasters, but the choices they make can have ever more dire consequences for the sustainability of ecosystems.
Sustainability and Semantic Diversity: A View from the Malayan Rainforest
Authors: Burenhult Niclas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSustainable development goals assume that basic notions, such ashealth,life, andwater, can be universally and easily expressed and understood across diverse communities and stakeholders. Yet, there is growing evidence pointing to considerable semantic diversity in how humans represent the world in language. In this paper, I discuss such semantic diversity in the context of key notions of sustainability. Focusing on an environmental term of broad relevance to sustainability goals,forest, I explore how this notion compares with assumed equivalent notions in a non‐Western lesser‐known speech community. Specifically, I analyze representations of treed environments in the language of the Jahai, a forager community inhabiting the rainforests of the Malay Peninsula. The results show that an understanding of local indigenous systems of representation can be crucial to the communication and implementation of sustainability goals.