bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supplemental nutrition, feeding disorders, and renourishment in pediatric heart failure through transplantation
Authors: Zook Nina , Schultz Lisa , Rizzuto Sandra , Aufdermauer Amanda , Hollander Amanda M. , Almond Christopher S. , Hollander Seth A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundTube feeds are used commonly in children listed for heart transplant; however, rates of renourishment and development of feeding disorders are not sufficiently characterized.MethodsRetrospective review of pediatric heart transplant recipients from January 1, 2014, to January 3, 2021. Demographics, anthropometric, and nutritional data were collected from heart transplant listing through 3 years post‐transplant. Renourishment rates, presence of a feeding disorder, and need for a gastric feeding tube were analyzed. Multivariable analysis was conducted to identify risks for poor nutritional outcomes.ResultsOf 104 patients, 35 (34%) and 36 (35%) were malnourished at heart transplant listing and transplant, respectively, persisting in 21/91 (23%) 1 year postheart transplant. Forty (38%) received tube feeds at listing, 42 (40%) at heart transplant, and 18/90 (20%) 1 year post‐transplant. Rates of feeding disorders fell from 23% at transplantation to 10% 1 year post‐transplant. Feeding disorders were associated with younger age at heart transplant (p < .001) and congenital heart disease (p = .03). Forty‐six percent of infants required a gastric feeding tube. Renourishment occurred in 20% during listing and was associated with ventricular assist device support (p = .03) and noncalorically dense feeds (p = .03). Malnutrition at transplant was associated with inferior post‐transplant survival (6/36 (17%) vs. 2/68 (3%); p = .02).ConclusionsMalnourishment requiring tube feeds is common in pediatric heart transplant candidates; however, most patients who eventually survive to transplant remain malnourished at time of transplantation and 1 year later. While some children develop feeding disorders, they generally resolve by 1 year post‐transplant.
Seismic stratigraphy of Late Pleistocene incised valleys and adjacent environments, eastern Central Luconia Province, offshore north‐west Borneo
Authors: Mat Yusoff Habibah Hanan , Johnson Howard D. , Lonergan Lidia , Whittaker Alexander C. , Abu Bakar Azli 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIncised valleys are commonly investigated based on outcrop, modern setting and seismic data, which are often limited by data availability, especially for broad (ca >100 km wide) shelf settings. Consequently, few have described complete depositional systems of the incised valleys, especially those linked to their corresponding modern rivers in a source‐to‐sink framework to determine comprehensive controlling factors. This study documents Late Quaternary incised valleys and their characteristics in the Balingian – Central Luconia shelf based on regionally‐extensive three‐dimensional seismic data, two‐dimensional high‐resolution seismic data and boreholes. The three‐dimensional seismic data show that the main Tatau incised valley and tributary Suai incised valley fed the Tatau–Suai shelf‐edge delta. The Tatau incised valley is interpreted as the main incised valley based on its broader width, thicker infill, two‐tier stratigraphic architecture and its larger drainage basin area compared to the tributary Suai incised valley. The Tatau incised valley shifted its direction towards an active tectonic lineament (West Baram Line) and bypassed sediments to the deep‐water via a series of upper slope channels. The Tatau incised valley system comprises the following elements: (i) an upstream segment characterized by rivers dissecting an uplifted hinterland comprising Neogene sedimentary rocks, humid‐tropical vegetation, monsoonal climate, extremely high river discharge and sediment supply; (ii) a midstream segment comprising an emergent, vegetated (tropical rainforest to mangroves) and relatively narrow (ca 150 to 200 km wide) shelf, which was characterized by basinward‐increasing, tectonically‐driven accommodation space, valley incision and deposition; (iii) a downstream segment with increasing tidal‐influence where the Tatau and its tributary valley merged; and (iv) a short (15 to 20 km), narrow (10 to 15 km), tectonically‐controlled shelf‐edge delta and channelized upper slope. This study demonstrates the value of documenting an incised valley system in the context of its broader source‐to‐sink setting, which may provide a useful analogue for ancient incised valleys in comparable geological settings.
A review of endemic mycoses after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Abad Cybele Lara R. , Razonable Raymund R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundEndemic mycoses after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are rarely reported. We aimed to comprehensively review the clinical presentation and outcomes of endemic mycoses in this immunocompromised population.MethodsMultiple databases were reviewed from inception through May 31, 2023 using endemic fungi as keywords (e.g., coccidioides, histoplasma, blastomyces, talaromyces, and paracoccidioides). Only hematopoietic transplants were included.ResultsThere were 16 publications on endemic mycoses after HSCT that reported nine unique cases of histoplasmosis, seven coccidioidomycosis, and two talaromycosis. No cases of paracoccidioides and blastomycoses were identified. Fifteen cases were allogeneic hematopoietic transplant recipients and three were autologous. Many were male (14/18, 77.8%) and overall median age was 50 (range 21–75) years. Among the 16 patients with coccidiodomycosis or histoplasmosis, fever, cytopenias and disseminated disease were the most common clinical presentations, with median onset of 8 or 12 months after HSCT, respectively. Likewise, the two HSCT patients with talaromycosis presented with disseminated disease at 12 and 48 months after transplantation. The vast majority were not on effective azole prophylaxis at the time of presentation, and many had recent intensification of immunosuppression. Nine of 18 patients died (50%), and all deaths occurred among patients with disseminated endemic mycoses.ConclusionEndemic mycoses among HSCT are uncommon. Onset was late, after discontinuation of azole prophylaxis, or was associated with intensification of immunosuppression. Disseminated disease was a common presentation, manifested by fever and cytopenias. Attributable mortality was high, and emphasizes the need for a high index of clinical suspicion so that prompt diagnosis and treatment is provided.
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Esophageal pH‐monitoring in nonbrachycephalic dogs; a reference
Authors: Nash Tesheena R. , Hosgood Giselle L. , Appelgrein Carla 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo establish parameters that describe acidic gastroesophageal reflux (GER) events in nonbrachycephalic, hospitalized dogs without gastrointestinal disease following short total intravenous anesthesia, to establish upper reference limits for parameters that describe GER.Study designClinical prospective study.AnimalsHealthy, client‐owned dogs presenting for elective orthopedic surgery.MethodsDogs were sedated with IM methadone (0.2 mg/kg) and medetomidine (5 ug/kg), followed by alfaxalone total intravenous anesthesia. The Digitrapper esophageal dual pH monitoring probe was placed transnasally into the esophagus. Dogs were unsedated during the subsequent recording period. A GER event was defined as esophageal pH less than 4.0. Parameters that described GER were: (1) number of GER events per hour, and (2) cumulative esophageal acid exposure (percentage of recording duration) at each sensor. Upper reference limits were calculated for each parameter.ResultsThirty‐five dogs were included (median age 7 years, range 1–12). The median recording duration was 21.1 h (range 13.6–29.3). Productive regurgitation was not noted in any dog. The median number of distal and proximal GER events per hour was 0.3 (range 0–4.3) and 0 (range 0–1), respectively. The median cumulative distal and proximal esophageal acid exposure was 0.2% (range 0.3–9%) and 0% (range 0%–1%), respectively.ConclusionUpper reference limits for distal and proximal GER per hour was 2.4 and 0.4, respectively, and, for cumulative distal and proximal esophageal acid exposure, 2.3% and 0%, respectively.Clinical significanceDogs undergoing esophageal pH monitoring in a similar hospital setting with parameters above these upper reference limits have excessive GER.
ATTENDING TO ATTENTION
Authors: Williams Rowan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAttention has often been seen as a selective process in which the mind chooses which already‐formed objects to focus on. However, as Merleau‐Ponty and others have pointed out, this ignores the complexity and ambiguity of sensory information and imposes on it a set of already‐formed objects in the world. Rather, attention is a process by which objects in the world are constituted by the perceiving subject. Attention thus involves a process of mutual negotiation with the environment. There are connections between this and the process of attente described by Simone Weil, in which the perceiving subject suspends the dominant preoccupations of the ego in order to become more aware of an independent reality. This, in turn, expresses in a more modern idiom what early Christian teachers had to say about the role of attentive looking in the contemplative life.
JOINT ATTENTION AND THE IMAGO TRINITATIS
Authors: Elliot Robert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article incorporates into Christian theological anthropology some recent findings of a school of scientific researchers in the fields of comparative and developmental psychology. These researchers—namely, Michael Tomasello, Malinda Carpenter, and others affiliated with the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology—have advanced a theologically significant hypothesis about a basic difference between the social‐cognitive capacities of human beings and those of other animals. Their hypothesis is that human beings are distinguished from other animals, in part, because of an ability to share attention with conspecifics in a unique way, namely, by means of a capacity called joint attention. In keeping with the procedures of modern science, they have tested and verified their hypothesis through laboratory experiments on nonhuman primates (chimpanzees in particular) and on human beings (infants and toddlers). In their capacity as scientists, however, they do not attempt show the relevance of their hypothesis for Christian theological anthropology. This article shows how joint attention sheds new light upon the Christian doctrine that human beings are created in the image of the Trinity (imago Trinitatis).
A Load Control Strategy for Stable Operation of Free-Piston Electromechanical Hybrid Power System
Authors: Yang Bo , Zhang Jian , Yuan Chenheng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The free-piston electromechanical hybrid power system (FEHS) affords the advantages of a simple construction and high thermal efficiency due to the removal of the crankshaft. However, the unrestricted trajectory of the piston linkage assembly (PLA) also gives rise to challenges for stable operation during the process of startup or operation. In order to realize the stable operation of free-piston electromechanical hybrid power system, this paper proposed a load control strategy. First, a dynamic model is established through thermodynamic and electromagnetic theory, and its effectiveness is verified by experiment and simulation. On this basis, a coupling load control model based on linear active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is developed. The reliability of the proposed load control strategy is validated under different interference fluctuations. The simulation results demonstrate that no matter whether the interference occurs during the startup process or the operation process, the proposed control strategy exerts effective limiting function over the piston linkage assembly and maintain its stable operation. Moreover, compared with the proportion integral differential (PID) control strategy, the proposed strategy exhibits faster response times and a smoother startup process. The compression ratio fluctuation range was reduced from 0.1 to 0.001, and the control accuracy has been greatly improved.
Total Energy Expenditure and Nutritional Intake in Continuous Multiday Ultramarathon Events
Authors: Best Andrew W. , McGrosky Amanda , Swanson Zane , Rimbach Rebecca , McConaughy Katie , McConaughy Joe , Ocobock Cara , Pontzer Herman 
Published: September 2023

Continuous multiday ultramarathon competitions are increasingly popular and impose extreme energetic and nutritional demands on competitors. However, few data have been published on energy expenditure during these events. Here, we report doubly labeled water-derived measures of total energy expenditure (in kilocalories per day) and estimated physical activity level (PAL: total energy expenditure/basal metabolic rate) collected from five elite and subelite finishers (four males and one female, age 34.6 ± 4.9 years)—and nutritional intake data from the winner—of the Cocodona 250, a ∼402-km race in Arizona, and from a fastest-known-time record (one male, age 30 years) on the ∼1,315-km Arizona Trail. PAL during these events exceeded four times basal metabolic rate (Cocodona range: 4.34–6.94; Arizona Trail: 5.63). Combining the results with other doubly labeled water-derived total energy expenditure data from ultraendurance events show a strong inverse relationship between event duration and PAL (r2 = .68, p < .0001). Cocodona race duration was inversely, though not significantly, associated with PAL (r2 = .70, p = .08). Water turnover varied widely between athletes and was not explained by PAL or body mass. The Cocodona race winner met ∼53% of energy demand via dietary intake, 85.6% of which was carbohydrate, while ∼47% of energy demand was met via catabolism of body energy stores. Together, these results illustrate the energetic deficits incurred during competitive continuous multiday ultramarathon efforts and implicate macronutrient absorption and/or storage as key factors in ultramarathon performance.
Listeria monocytogenes
folate metabolism is required to generate N-formylmethionine during infection
Authors: Tang Qing , Reniere Michelle L. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Folic acid and its derivatives are required for the synthesis of purines, pyrimidines, and some amino acids. Antifolate antibiotics that target the folic acid metabolism pathway are commonly used for the treatment of listeriosis caused by the intracellular pathogen
Listeria monocytogenes
(
Lm
). In recent work in
mBio
, Feng et al. sought to understand the role of folic acid metabolism in
Lm
virulence (Y. Feng, S. Chang, D. A. Portnoy, 2023, mBio
https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01074-23
). The authors discovered that N-formylmethionine, an amino acid utilized by bacteria to initiate protein synthesis, is crucial for
Lm
intracellular growth and pathogenesis. Surprisingly, purines and thymidine were found to be dispensable for
Lm
infection. Together these results demonstrate that while
Lm
can obtain many essential nutrients from the host cytosol, including purines and most amino acids, it requires N-formylmethionine biosynthesis to properly regulate translation initiation during infection.
The novel spore-specific regulator SscA controls
Aspergillus
conidiogenesis
Authors: Son Ye-Eun , Yu Jae-Hyuk , Park Hee-Soo 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

A major group of fungi produces asexual spores (conidia) for dissemination and propagation and, in pathogenic fungi, for infection. Despite the critical role of conidia, the underlying mechanism of spore formation, integrity, and viability is not fully elucidated. In this study, we have identified and investigated the roles of the spore-specific transcription factor (TF) SscA in three
Aspergillus
species, including
A. nidulans
,
A. flavus
, and
A. fumigatus,
which is a model system, toxin producer, or a prevalent human pathogen, respectively. Comparative transcriptomic analyses have revealed that 25 TF encoding genes showed higher mRNA levels in conidia than in hyphae in three species. Functional analyses of the 25 genes have identified SscA as a key TF for conidial formation, maturation, germination, integrity, amino acid production, and secondary metabolism in
Aspergillus nidulans
conidia. Importantly, the roles of SscA are conserved in other
Aspergillus
species. Altogether, our study demonstrates that SscA is a spore-specific TF that governs the production of intact and functional conidial formation in
Aspergillus
species.

IMPORTANCE

Filamentous fungi produce myriads of asexual spores, which are the main reproductive particles that act as infectious or allergenic agents. Although the serial of asexual sporogenesis is coordinated by various genetic regulators, there remain uncharacterized transcription factors in
Aspergillus
. To understand the underlying mechanism of spore formation, integrity, and viability, we have performed comparative transcriptomic analyses on three
Aspergillus
species and found a spore-specific transcription factor, SscA. SscA has a major role in conidial formation, maturation and dormancy, and germination in
Aspergillus nidulans
. Functional studies indicate that SscA coordinates conidial wall integrity, amino acid production, and secondary metabolism in
A. nidulans
conidia. Furthermore, the roles of SscA are conserved in other
Aspergillus
species. Our findings that the SscA has broad functions in
Aspergillus
conidia will help to understand the conidiogenesis of
Aspergillus
species.
Characterization of two novel VIM-type metallo-β-lactamases, VIM-84 and VIM-85, associated with the spread of IncP-2 megaplasmids in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Wang Nanfei , Lei Tailong , Zhu Yiwei , Li Yue , Cai Heng , Zhang Piaopiao , Leptihn Sebastian , Zhou Junxin , Ke Huanhuan , Gao Bo , Feng Yu , Hua Xiaoting , Qu Tingting 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to characterize two novel VIM-type metallo-β-lactamases, VIM-84 and VIM-85, and reveal the important role of the IncP-2 type megaplasmids in the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. VIM-84 and VIM-85 were encoded by two novel genes
bla
VIM-84
and
bla
VIM-85
which showed similarity to
bla
VIM-24
. Both
bla
VIM-84
and
bla
VIM-85
are harbored into class 1 integrons embedded into the Tn
1403
transposon. The
bla
VIM-85
gene was identified in a megaplasmid, which was related to 17 megaplasmid sequences with sizes larger than 430 kb, deposited previously in Genbank. A comparative analysis of complete plasmid sequences showed highly similar backbone regions and various AMR genes. A phylogenetic tree revealed that these megaplasmids, which were widely distributed globally, were vehicles for the spread of AMR genes. The
bla
VIM-24
,
bla
VIM-84
, and
bla
VIM-85
genes were cloned into pGK1900, and the recombinant vectors were further transformed into
Escherichia coli
DH5α and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PAO1. The antimicrobial susceptibility test of the cloning strains showed high levels of resistance to β-lactams while they remained susceptible to aztreonam. Enzymatic tests revealed that both, VIM-84 and VIM-85, exhibited higher activity in hydrolyzing β-lactams compared to VIM-24. A D117N mutation found in VIM-24 affected binding to the antibiotics.

IMPORTANCE

The metallo-β-lactamases-producing
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strains play an important role in hospital outbreaks and the VIM-type enzyme is the most prevalent in European countries. Two novel VIM-type enzymes in our study, VIM-84 and VIM-85, have higher levels of resistance to β-lactams and greater hydrolytic activities for most β-lactams compared with VIM-24. Both
bla
VIM-84
and
bla
VIM-85
are harbored into class 1 integrons embedded into the Tn
1403
transposon. Notably, the genes
bla
VIM-85
are carried by three different IncP-2-type megaplasmids which are distributed locally and appear responsible for the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes in hospital settings.
Secreted NS1 proteins of tick-borne encephalitis virus and West Nile virus block dendritic cell activation and effector functions
Authors: Camarão António A. R. , Gern Olivia Luise , Stegmann Felix , Mulenge Felix , Costa Bibiana , Saremi Babak , Jung Klaus , Lepenies Bernd , Kalinke Ulrich , Steffen Imke 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

The flavivirus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is secreted from infected cells into the circulation and the serum levels correlate with disease severity. The effect of secreted NS1 (sNS1) on non-infected mammalian immune cells is largely unknown. Here, we expressed recombinant sNS1 proteins of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) and investigated their effects on dendritic cell (DC) effector functions. Murine bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) showed reduced surface expression of co-stimulatory molecules and decreased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines when treated with sNS1 of TBEV or WNV prior to poly(I:C) stimulation. Transcriptional profiles of BMDCs that were sNS1-exposed prior to poly(I:C) stimulation showed two gene clusters that were downregulated by TBEV or WNV sNS1 and that were associated with innate and adaptive immune responses. Functionally, both sNS1 proteins modulated the capacity for BMDCs to induce specific T-cell responses as indicated by reduced IFN-γ levels in both CD4
+
and CD8
+
T cells after BMDC co-cultivation. In human monocyte-derived DCs, poly(I:C)-induced upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokine responses were even more strongly impaired by TBEV sNS1 or WNV sNS1 pretreatment than in the murine system. Our findings indicate that exogenous flaviviral sNS1 proteins interfere with DC-mediated stimulation of T cells, which is crucial for the initiation of cell-mediated adaptive immune responses in human flavivirus infections. Collectively, our data determine soluble flaviviral NS1 as a virulence factor responsible for a dampened immune response to flavivirus infections.

IMPORTANCE
The effective initiation of protective host immune responses controls the outcome of infection, and dysfunctional T-cell responses have previously been associated with symptomatic human flavivirus infections. We demonstrate that secreted flavivirus NS1 proteins modulate innate immune responses of uninfected bystander cells. In particular, sNS1 markedly reduced the capacity of dendritic cells to stimulate T-cell responses upon activation. Hence, by modulating cellular host responses that are required for effective antigen presentation and initiation of adaptive immunity, sNS1 proteins may contribute to severe outcomes of flavivirus disease.