bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an addiction recovery patient-reported outcome measure: Response to Addiction Recovery (R2AR)
Authors: Okrant Elisabeth , Reif Sharon , Horgan Constance M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Recovery, a primary goal of addiction treatment, goes beyond abstinence. Incorporating broad domains with key elements that vary across individuals, recovery is a difficult concept to measure. Most addiction-related quality measurement has emphasized process measures, which limits evaluation of treatment quality and long-term outcomes, whereas patient-reported outcomes are richer and nuanced. To address these gaps, this study developed and tested a patient-reported outcome measure for addiction recovery, named Response to Addiction Recovery (R2AR).

Methods
A multi-stage mixed methods approach followed the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measure development standard. People with lived experience (PWLE) of addiction, treatment providers, and other experts contributed to item distillation and iterative measure refinement. From an item bank of 356 unique items, 57 items were tested via survey and interviews, followed by focus groups and cognitive interviews.

Results
Face validity was demonstrated throughout. PWLE rated item importance higher and with greater variance than providers, yet both agreed that “There are more important things to me in my life than using substances” was the most important item. The final R2AR instrument has 19 items across 8 recovery domains, spanning early, active, and long-term recovery phases. Respondents assess agreement for each item as (1) a strength, and (2) importance to ongoing recovery.

Conclusion
R2AR allows PWLE to define what is important to their recovery. It is designed to support treatment planning as part of clinical workflows and to track recovery progress. Inclusion of PWLE and providers in the development process enhances its face validity. Including PWLE in the development of R2AR and using the tool to guide recovery planning emphasizes the importance of patient-centeredness in designing clinical tools and involving patients in their own care.
Intravascular leiomyomatosis with cardiac extension, a case report
Authors: Garcés Garcés Juan , Terán Camacho Fernando , Dávalos Dávalos Gerardo , Zárate León Sofía , Redrobán Armendáriz Ligia , Ullauri Solórzano Vladimir , Molina Gabriel A. , Endara Aguirre Santiago 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Intravascular leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a histologically benign smooth muscle tumor arising from the uterus that can spread through the pelvic veins and, on rare occasions, extend as far as the heart via the inferior vena cava. Despite its benign characteristics, it can behave like a malignant tumor leading to significant morbidity and even mortality if left untreated.

Case presentation
The patient is a 42-year-old woman with a past medical history of uterine leiomyomas. She presented with heavy bleeding and frequent spotting; therefore, she went to her gynecologist. After further evaluation, a mass within the uterus that expanded into the pelvic veins, inferior vena cava, and right atrium was discovered. After the complete removal of the mass, the patient underwent full recovery. IVL with cardiac extension was the final diagnosis.

Conclusion
Although IVL is rare, it must be considered in women who underwent previous hysterectomies or myomectomies and present with symptoms of right heart failure. The ideal therapy will need the aid of a multidisciplinary team and will depend on the patient’s symptoms, previous operative history, the tumor’s extension, and resectability.
Correlation of the ultrasound thyroid imaging reporting and data system with cytology findings among patients in Uganda
Authors: Isse Hamdi Mohamed , Lukande Robert , Sereke Senai Goitom , Odubu Fualal Jane , Nassanga Rita , Bugeza Samuel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Ultrasonography is a noninvasive modality for the initial assessment of thyroid nodules. The American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) has demonstrated good performance in differentiating malignant thyroid nodules. However, the combination of ACR TI-RADS categories and cytology has not been studied extensively, in Uganda. The study aims to correlate ACR TI-RADS with cytology among patients referred for US-guided fine-needle aspiration at Mulago National Referral Hospital.

Methods
This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study that recruited 132 patients with thyroid nodules. Spearman’s correlation was used to establish a relationship between TI-RADS and cytology findings. The diagnostic accuracy of TI-RADS was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios.

Results
Of 132 study participants, 90% (n = 117) were females, and the mean age was 41 ± 13 years. One hundred sixty-one thyroid nodules were analyzed. More than half of the thyroid nodules (54.7%, n = 87) were solid or almost solid, 96.9% (n = 154) were shaped wider than tall, 57.2% (n = 91) had smooth margins, 83.7% (n = 133) were hyperechoic or isoechoic, and 88.7% (n = 141) had no echogenic foci. TI-RADS 3 was the most common at 42.9% (n = 69). The proportions of malignancy for TI-RADS 4 and TI-RADS 5 were 73.3% and 85.7%, respectively. The correlation between ACR TI-RADS and the Bethesda system of thyroid classification scores was r = 0.577. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of ACR TI-RADS were 90.9%, 98.5%, 90%, 99.3%, 62.3, and 0.1, respectively.

Conclusion
We found that ACR TI-RADS classification is an appropriate and noninvasive method for assessing thyroid nodules in routine practice. It can safely reduce the number of unnecessary fine-needle aspiration in a significant proportion of benign thyroid lesions. Thyroid nodules classified as TI-RADS 3 should be followed routinely. ACR TI-RADS should be standardized as the screening tool in resource-limited areas.
Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy vs chemotherapy for resectable biliary tract cancer: a propensity score matching analysis based on the SEER database
Authors: Zhu Yueting , Liu Xia , Lin Yiyun , Tang Liansha , Yi Xianyanling , Xu Hang , Yuan Yunlong , Chen Ye 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Although the role of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) for resectable biliary tract cancer (BTC) is gradually recognized, the benefit of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is still controversial. Our study is designed to compare the prognosis of CRT versus CT in BCT patients.

Methods
Clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with operable gallbladder cancer (GBCA), intrahepatic bile duct cancer (IHBDC), or extrahepatic bile duct cancer (EHBDC) were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database (2004–2015). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). Selection bias were reduced by propensity-score matching (PSM). Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to estimate the survival time.

Results
Within 922 patients, 53.9% received adjuvant CRT, and 46.1% received adjuvant CT. Multivariate analysis showed age, primary tumor site, T stage, N stage, tumor size, number of removed lymph nodes, and treatment were independent risk factors for OS. Similar improvement of CRT on survival was identified by PSM in the matched cohort compared with CT (28.0 months vs. 25.0 months, p = 0.033), particularly in GBCA cohort (25.0 months vs. 19.0 months, p = 0.003). Subgroup analysis indicated CRT improved outcomes of patients with age ≥ 60, female, lymph nodes positive, tumor size ≥ 5 cm, and none removed lymph node diseases.

Conclusion
Adjuvant CRT correlated with improved survival in patients with resected BTC compared with adjuvant CT, particularly in GBCAs. In addition, patients with age ≥ 60, female, lymph nodes positive, tumor size ≥ 5 cm, and none removed lymph node diseases may receive more benefits from adjuvant CRT.
GPS tracking analyses reveal finely-tuned shorebird space use and movement patterns throughout the non-breeding season in high-latitude austral intertidal areas
Authors: Basso Enzo , Horstmann Johannes , Rakhimberdiev Eldar , Abad-Gómez José M. , Masero José A. , Gutiérrez Jorge S. , Valenzuela Jorge , Ruiz Jorge , Navedo Juan G. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Long-distance migratory birds spend most of their annual cycle in non-breeding areas. During this period birds must meet their daily nutritional needs and acquire additional energy intake to deal with future events of the annual cycle. Therefore, patterns of space use and movement may emerge as an efficient strategy to maintain a trade-off between acquisition and conservation of energy during the non-breeding season. However, there is still a paucity of research addressing this issue, especially in trans-hemispheric migratory birds.

Methods
Using GPS-tracking data and a recently developed continuous-time stochastic process modeling framework, we analyzed fine-scale movements in a non-breeding population of Hudsonian godwits (Limosa haemastica), a gregarious long-distance migratory shorebird. Specifically, we evaluated if these extreme migrants exhibit restricted, shared, and periodic patterns of space use on one of their main non-breeding grounds in southern South America. Finally, via a generalized additive model, we tested if the observed patterns were consistent within a circadian cycle.

Results
Overall, godwits showed finely-tuned range-residence and periodic movements (each 24–72 h), being similar between day and night. Remarkably, range-resident individuals segregated spatially into three groups. In contrast, a smaller fraction of godwits displayed unpredictable and irregular movements, adding functional connectivity within the population.

Conclusions
In coastal non-breeding areas where resource availability is highly predictable due to tidal cycles, range-resident strategies during both the day and night are the common pattern in a long-distance shorebird population. Alternative patterns exhibited by a fraction of non-resident godwits provide functional connectivity and suggest that the exploratory tendency may be essential for information acquisition and associated with individual traits. The methodological approach we have used contributes to elucidate how the composition of movement phases operates during the non-breeding season in migratory species and can be replicated in non-migratory species as well. Finally, our results highlight the importance of considering movement as a continuum within the annual cycle.
The Researches of Bouvier and Bordage on Mutations in Crustacea of the Family Atyidæ
Authors: Calman W. T. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Some six years ago Professor E. L. Bouvier (‘04,’05)1 called attention to the remarkable dimorphism of certain tropical river-prawns of the family Atyidæ, which he compared with the phenomenon of mutation described by de Vries in the vegetable kingdom. He pointed out that the case was especially noteworthy, not only because of the marked discontinuity and constant occurrence of the variations, but also because they affected characters regarded as distinctive of genera; and he drew the conclusion that these genera had originated by a process of mutation. M. E. Bordage has recently published (’08,’09A,’09B) the results of some observations and experiments on the living animals which seem to support Bouvier’s views, and to indicate, at all events, a promising field for further investigations. At the suggestion of Sir Ray Lankester the following account has been prepared in the hope that it may induce some naturalists, who have the opportunity of studying the animals under natural conditions, to give attention to the matter.
Oral microbial dysbiosis in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Osiak Joanna , Wołowiec Łukasz , Żukow Xawery , Fydrych Dagmara , Jasniak Albert , Gawłowska Kinga , Staniewska Agata , Grześk Grzegorz 
Published: September 2023

The most common diseases in humans are oral infections. Although modern research is mainly concerned with the role of the gut microbiota in systemic diseases, there are also reports indicating that oral infections, and especially periodontal infection, are one of the risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD).The composition of the oral biofilm is a community of several hundred species of bacteria, fungi, spirochetes, viruses and protozoa. It varies depending on the state of health and disease. Pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity can cause systemic disease by entering the bloodstream or by triggering immune responses at the cellular level. The discovery of the role of the oral microbiome in CVD is leading to new methods of prevention and their treatment. In this review, we discuss the various mechanisms by which oral dysbiosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of CVD as well as available options for their prevention and treatment.
Oral dysbiosis, or the imbalance of bacteria in the oral cavity, has been linked to an increased risk of CVD. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how oral dysbiosis may contribute to CVD, including: The production of inflammatory molecules by oral bacteria. The activation of the immune system, which can lead to inflammation throughout the body. The entry of oral bacteria into the bloodstream, where they can travel to other organs and tissues. There are a number of things that can be done to prevent oral dysbiosis and reduce the risk of CVD, including: Good oral hygiene, such as brushing and flossing twice a day. Regular dental checkups and cleanings. Avoiding tobacco use. Eating a healthy diet.
Conclusions. The evidence is growing that oral dysbiosis is a risk factor for CVD. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms involved and to develop effective interventions for prevention and treatment. The following are some other important points: The role of oral dysbiosis in CVD is likely to be complex and involve multiple factors. The effects of oral dysbiosis on CVD may vary depending on the individual's overall health status and other risk factors. More research is needed to determine the optimal methods for preventing and treating oral dysbiosis in order to reduce the risk of CVD.
Salud sexual y reproductiva en exguerrilleras Colombianas antes y después del acuerdo de paz
Authors: Garces- Palacio Isabel 
Published: September 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es describir las experiencias en salud sexual y reproductiva de exguerrilleras de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia - Ejército del Pueblo (Farc-Ep) durante el conflicto armado y después de la firma del acuerdo de paz. Durante el 2018 se realizó un estudio de caso interpretativo a través de observación participante, 11 entrevistas y dos grupos focales. En las Farc-Ep no hubo un enfoque de salud sexual y reproductiva integral ni con perspectiva de género; se privilegió la prevención del embarazo con métodos y sanciones para las mujeres. Debido a su carácter de ejército clandestino las decisiones no eran tomadas de manera individual, y la autoridad del superior implicaba las relaciones erótico-afectivas, aunque se arantizaba una atención expedita para casos de urgencias. Posterior a la firma del acuerdo, con su consiguiente inserción en el sistema de salud colombiano, se amplían las posibilidades de atención para casos no urgentes, pero se enfatizan las barreras de atención del sistema de salud.
Palabras clave: salud sexual y reproductiva, anticoncepción, conflicto armado, proceso de paz, Colombia
Cauda equina syndrome
Authors: Hoeritzauer Ingrid , Paterson Mhairi , Jamjoom Aimun A. B. , Srikandarajah Nisaharan , Soleiman Hamzah , Poon Michael T. C. , Copley Phillip C. , Graves Catriona , MacKay Sinead , Duong Charis , Leung Andraay H. C. , Eames Niall , Statham Patrick F. X. , Darwish Stacey , Sell Philip J. , Thorpe Paul , Shekhar Himanshu , Roy Holly , Woodfield Julie 
Published: September 2023

AimsPatients with cauda equina syndrome (CES) require emergency imaging and surgical decompression. The severity and type of symptoms may influence the timing of imaging and surgery, and help predict the patient’s prognosis. Categories of CES attempt to group patients for management and prognostication purposes. We aimed in this study to assess the inter-rater reliability of dividing patients with CES into categories to assess whether they can be reliably applied in clinical practice and in research.MethodsA literature review was undertaken to identify published descriptions of categories of CES. A total of 100 real anonymized clinical vignettes of patients diagnosed with CES from the Understanding Cauda Equina Syndrome (UCES) study were reviewed by consultant spinal surgeons, neurosurgical registrars, and medical students. All were provided with published category definitions and asked to decide whether each patient had ‘suspected CES’; ‘early CES’; ‘incomplete CES’; or ‘CES with urinary retention’. Inter-rater agreement was assessed for all categories, for all raters, and for each group of raters using Fleiss’s kappa.ResultsEach of the 100 participants were rated by four medical students, five neurosurgical registrars, and four consultant spinal surgeons. No groups achieved reasonable inter-rater agreement for any of the categories. CES with retention versus all other categories had the highest inter-rater agreement (kappa 0.34 (95% confidence interval 0.27 to 0.31); minimal agreement). There was no improvement in inter-rater agreement with clinical experience. Across all categories, registrars agreed with each other most often (kappa 0.41), followed by medical students (kappa 0.39). Consultant spinal surgeons had the lowest inter-rater agreement (kappa 0.17).ConclusionInter-rater agreement for categorizing CES is low among clinicians who regularly manage these patients. CES categories should be used with caution in clinical practice and research studies, as groups may be heterogenous and not comparable.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(9):1007–1012.
Acetabular fractures: Epidemiology and mortality based on 2,132 fractures from the Swedish Fracture Register
Authors: Albrektsson Madelene , Möller Michael , Wolf Olof , Wennergren David , Sundfeldt Mikael 
Published: September 2023

AimsTo describe the epidemiology of acetabular fractures including patient characteristics, injury mechanisms, fracture patterns, treatment, and mortality.MethodsWe retrieved information from the Swedish Fracture Register (SFR) on all patients with acetabular fractures, of the native hip joint in the adult skeleton, sustained between 2014 and 2020. Study variables included patient age, sex, injury date, injury mechanism, fracture classification, treatment, and mortality.ResultsIn total, 2,132 patients with acetabular fractures from the SFR were included in the study. The majority of the patients were male (62%) and aged over 70 years old (62%). For patients aged > 70 years, the 30-day mortality was 8% and one-year mortality 24%. For patients aged ≤ 70 years, the 30-day mortality was 0.2% and one-year mortality 2%. Low-energy injuries (63%) and anterior wall fractures (20%) were most common. Treatment was most often non-surgical (75%).ConclusionThe majority of patients who sustain an acetabular fracture are elderly (> 70 years), of male sex, and the fracture most commonly occurs after a simple, low-energy fall. Non-surgical treatment is chosen in the majority of acetabular fracture patients. The one-year mortality for elderly patients with acetabular fracture is similar to the mortality after hip fracture, and a similar multidisciplinary approach to care for these patients should be considered.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(9):652–658.
Wildfire Burn Severity Affects Postfire Shifts in Evapotranspiration in Subalpine Forests
Authors: Mankin Kyle R. , Patel Rhythm 
Published: September 2023

Highlights

After wildfire, actual evapotranspiration (ETa) in four subalpine areas decreased proportionally to burn severity.

High-severity burn areas maintained the highest ETa before fire and the lowest ETa after fire.

After fire, ETa decreased more in areas that had higher prefire ETa.

ETa was a useful system-level measure of susceptibility to fire and impact after fire.

Abstract. The ecohydrologic response to fire is complex, with devastating consequences for source-water hydrology. Postfire canopy structure, leaf area, infiltration, and soil-water storage all may act to reduce evapotranspiration (ET), a key hydrologic variable and indicator of ecohydrologic function. This study explored the use of 30-m resolution Landsat-based SSEBop-model estimates of actual ET (ETa) to assess the effects of fire in the Upper Rio Grande Basin (2002 Million Fire, CO; 1996 Hondo Fire, NM; 2002 Montoya Fire, NM; 2000 Cerro Grande Fire, NM). SSEBop ETa data from 1985-2019 were analyzed to better understand postfire response and recovery in several sub-alpine burned areas. Results show step reductions in ETa after fire across all burn severities in all four fire areas. Prior to the fire, ETa was generally higher in high-severity burn areas, indicative of higher fuel loads, although high variability indicated the influence of additional factors. All areas had a greater response (decreased ETa) to fire in high-severity areas and a lesser response as burn severity decreased. The decrease in ETa after high-severity fire ranged from 42% to 63%, compared to the decrease after low-severity fire, which ranged from 24% to 44%. None of the four burn areas demonstrated postfire ETa recovery after 17 to 23 years. This study demonstrates the clear utility for remote-sensing ETa estimates as a system-level measure of susceptibility to fire, impact of fire, and, potentially, recovery after fire. However, additional research is needed to account for the covariate effects of other fuel, topographic, weather, and climate factors. Keywords: Ecohydrology, Postfire recovery, Remote sensing, Upper Rio Grande Basin.