bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental drivers of body size in North American bats
Authors: Alston Jesse M. , Keinath Douglas A. , Willis Craig K. R. , Lausen Cori L. , O'Keefe Joy M. , Tyburec Janet D. , Broders Hugh G. , Moosman Paul R. , Carter Timothy C. , Chambers Carol L. , Gillam Erin H. , Geluso Keith , Weller Theodore J. , Burles Douglas W. , Fletcher Quinn E. , Norquay Kaleigh J. O. , Goheen Jacob R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Bergmann's rule—which posits that larger animals live in colder areas—is thought to influence variation in body size within species across space and time, but evidence for this claim is mixed.

We used Bayesian hierarchical models to test four competing hypotheses for spatiotemporal variation in body size within 20 bat species across North America: (1) the heat conservation hypothesis, which posits that increased body size facilitates body heat conservation (and which is the traditional explanation for the mechanism underlying Bergmann's rule); (2) the heat mortality hypothesis, which posits that increased body size increases susceptibility to acute heat stress; (3) the resource availability hypothesis, which posits that increased body size is enabled in areas with more abundant food; and (4) the starvation resistance hypothesis, which posits that increased body size reduces susceptibility to starvation during acute food shortages.

Spatial variation in body mass was most consistently (and negatively) correlated with mean annual temperature, supporting the heat conservation hypothesis. Across time, variation in body mass was most consistently (and positively) correlated with net primary productivity, supporting the resource availability hypothesis.

Climate change could influence body size in animals through both changes in mean annual temperature and resource availability. Rapid reductions in body size associated with increasing temperatures have occurred in short‐lived, fecund species, but such reductions will be obscured by changes in resource availability in longer‐lived, less fecund species.

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Advances in immunoassay‐based strategies for mycotoxin detection in food: From single‐mode immunosensors to dual‐mode immunosensors
Authors: Chen Mengting , Qileng Aori , Liang Hongzhi , Lei Hongtao , Liu Weipeng , Liu Yingju 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMycotoxin contamination in foods and other goods has become a broad issue owing to serious toxicity, tremendous threat to public safety, and terrible loss of resources. Herein, it is necessary to develop simple, sensitive, inexpensive, and rapid platforms for the detection of mycotoxins. Currently, the limitation of instrumental and chemical methods cannot be massively applied in practice. Immunoassays are considered one of the best candidates for toxin detection due to their simplicity, rapidness, and cost‐effectiveness. Especially, the field of dual‐mode immunosensors and corresponding assays is rapidly developing as an advanced and intersected technology. So, this review summarized the types and detection principles of single‐mode immunosensors including optical and electrical immunosensors in recent years, then focused on developing dual‐mode immunosensors including integrated immunosensors and combined immunosensors to detect mycotoxins, as well as the combination of dual‐mode immunosensors with a portable device for point‐of‐care test. The remaining challenges were discussed with the aim of stimulating future development of dual‐mode immunosensors to accelerate the transformation of scientific laboratory technologies into easy‐to‐operate and rapid detection platforms.
Immunoadsorption to treat patients with severe post‐COVID syndrome
Authors: Giszas Benjamin , Reuken Philipp A. , Katzer Katrin , Kiehntopf Michael , Schmerler Diana , Rummler Silke , Stallmach Andreas , Klink Anne 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionFollowing SARS‐CoV‐2‐infection up to 21% of patients will develop post‐COVID‐syndrome. Autoantibodies (AAbs) targeting neuronal‐ß‐adrenergic and muscarinic receptors may provide crucial contributions to the pathophysiology of this condition. Immunoadsorption (IA) has been identified as an effective means of removing AAbs and has resulted in clinical improvements of other autoantibody‐associated diseases.MethodsWe determined AAb‐levels (anti‐ß1/ß2 and anti‐M3/M4 receptor) in 178 patients diagnosed with post‐COVID‐syndrome and described the clinical courses of two patients with elevated AAb‐levels that underwent IA‐treatment.ResultsAAbs were detected in 57% (101/178) of patients diagnosed with post‐COVID‐syndrome. Substantial reductions in AAb‐levels and clinical remission were achieved in one of two patients who was treated with IA. However, this patient relapsed within 6 weeks with a concomitant increase in AAb‐levels.ConclusionCollectively, AAbs may play a pathophysiologic role in post‐COVID and their removal provide transient benefits in some patients. However, these findings should be further investigated in randomized‐controlled‐trials.
Respiratory insufficiency as a presenting symptom of congenital myasthenic syndromes
Authors: van den Udenhout Fleur , Merkus Peter , Verhaagen‐van den Akker Sandra , Schouten Meyke , Erasmus Corrie , Braakman Hilde 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimRespiratory insufficiency can be a presenting symptom of congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) but is rarely recognised as such. In this study, we aim to raise awareness of CMS to paediatricians.MethodsWe performed a retrospective case study of infants and preschool children treated in the past 5 years in Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center in Nijmegen, the Netherlands for respiratory insufficiency as presenting symptom of CMS.ResultsFive children aged 2 weeks to 5 years experienced severe to life‐threatening episodes of respiratory insufficiency, especially during viral infections, due to respiratory muscle weakness. During infections, they often also had progression of their otherwise mild ocular, facial, and limb muscle weakness. They were eventually diagnosed with genetically proven CMS. In these five children, treatment with pyridostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, resulted in clinical improvement.ConclusionCMS should be considered in every patient with unexplained recurrent respiratory insufficiency, or with an unusually severe course of a normally mild respiratory infection, especially in combination with mild muscle weakness outside periods of illness. Early diagnosis of CMS is crucial for early treatment, which may help avoiding sudden infant death, severe respiratory insufficiency and further deterioration of the muscle strength.
Accurate intraoperative real‐time blood flow assessment of the remnant stomach during robot‐assisted distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection using indocyanine green fluorescence imaging and da Vinci Firefly technology
Authors: Saito Kenta , Morimoto Mamoru , Denda Yuki , Nonoyama Keisuke , Murase Hiromichi , Kato Tomokatsu , Hayashi Yuichi , Imafuji Hiroyuki , Ogawa Ryo , Takahashi Hiroki , Matsuo Yoichi , Takiguchi Shuji 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionIschemic gastropathy is one of the unique postoperative complications associated with distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate blood flow to the stomach following a resection; however, no intraoperative procedures have been established to assess this issue. Herein we describe two cases in which intraoperative evaluation of real‐time blood flow in the residual stomach was performed using indocyanine green fluorescence and da Vinci Firefly technology during a robot‐assisted distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection.MethodsRobot‐assisted distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection was performed using a da Vinci Xi surgical system on two patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer and suspected invasion of the celiac artery. Indocyanine green (ICG) (0.5 mg/kg) was injected intravenously after resection to evaluate real‐time blood flow of the stomach using the da Vinci Firefly system. Blood flow of the stomach was evaluated 60 seconds after the intravenous injection of ICG.ResultsAll cases were confirmed that there was sufficient blood flow in the residual stomach. Therefore, reconstruction of the left gastric artery was not performed, and the surgery was completed with preservation of the stomach. Good postoperative outcomes were achieved and there was no evidence of ischemic gastropathy or delayed gastric emptying in both cases.ConclusionThis method is very useful in determining whether or not to perform reconstruction of the left gastric artery and/or additional resection of the remnant stomach during a robot‐assisted distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection.
Evaluation of the inhibitory effects of itraconazole on letermovir
Authors: McCrea Jacqueline B. , Menzel Karsten , Fancourt Craig , Witter Rose , Zhao Tian , Robbins Jonathan A. , Stoch S. Aubrey , Iwamoto Marian 
Published: January 2023

AimsLetermovir, a cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA terminase complex inhibitor, is a substrate of ABCB1 (P‐glycoprotein; P‐gp), organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B1/3, UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1A1, UGT1A3 and possibly ABCG2 (breast cancer resistance protein; BCRP). A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of itraconazole, a prototypic ABCB1/ABCG2 inhibitor, on letermovir pharmacokinetics (PK) and the effects of letermovir on itraconazole PK.MethodsIn an open‐label, fixed‐sequence study in 14 healthy participants, 200 mg oral itraconazole was administered once daily for 4 days. Following a 10‐day washout, 480 mg oral letermovir was administered once daily for 14 days (Days 1–14) and then coadministered with 200 mg itraconazole once daily for 4 days (Days 15–18). Intensive PK sampling was performed for letermovir and itraconazole. PK and safety were evaluated.ResultsLetermovir geometric mean ratio (GMR; 90% confidence interval [CI]) for area under the concentration–time curve from time 0 to 24 h (AUC0–24) was 1.33 (1.17, 1.51) and for maximum concentration (Cmax) was 1.21 (1.05, 1.39) following administration with/without itraconazole. Itraconazole GMR (90% CI) for AUC0–24 was 0.76 (0.71, 0.81) and for Cmax was 0.84 (0.76, 0.92) following administration with/without letermovir. Coadministration of letermovir with itraconazole was generally well tolerated.ConclusionsThe increase in letermovir exposure with coadministration of itraconazole is likely predominantly due to inhibition of intestinal ABCB1 and potentially ABCG2 transport. The mechanism for the decrease in itraconazole exposure is unknown. The modest changes in letermovir and itraconazole PK are not considered clinically meaningful.
Studying the imaging features and infarction mechanism of vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia with high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Zheng Tao , Tang Wenxiong , Shan Yi , Guo Runcai , Gao Yang , Tian Chaohui , Liu Lei , Sun Lili , Liu Wei , Zhou Zhi , Jin Yi , Duan Shaojie , Han Bingyu , Fan Yangyi , Zhu Xianjin , Liu Zunjing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying ischemic infarction in patients with vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) remain unclear. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the imaging characteristics of high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR‐MRI) in patients with VBD to explore the possible mechanisms of ischemic stroke (IS) in patients with VBD. Patients with VBD were recruited from the HR‐MRI database between July 2017 and June 2021. HR‐MRI was used to evaluate the diameter, bifurcation height, laterality, arterial dissection, and atherosclerotic plaques of the basilar artery (BA). Transcranial Doppler was used to measure the vertebrobasilar mean velocity (Vm), peak systolic velocity (Vs), end‐diastolic velocity (Vd), and pulsatile index. Twenty‐six patients with VBD were enrolled, of which 15 had IS and 11 did not. The incidence of classical vascular risk factors, including age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia, did not differ significantly between the two groups. The BA diameters of the stroke group were significantly higher than that of the nonstroke group (6.57 ± 1.00 mm vs. 5.06 ± 0.50 mm, p = 0.000). The height of the BA bifurcation in the stroke and nonstroke groups was statistically significant (p = 0.002). Compared with the nonstroke group, the Vm, Vs, and Vd of the BA in the stroke group were lower, but the difference was not significant. In the 16 patients with atherosclerotic stenosis, 30 atherosclerotic plaques were found in the BA, 18 (60%) in the greater curvature, and 12 (40%) in the lesser curvature. In addition, one artery dissection (on the lesser curvature) and two dissecting aneurysms (on the greater curvature) were found in the BA of three patients, respectively. The BA diameter and bifurcation height are factors related to IS in patients with VBD. The mechanism of stroke in patients with VBD may involve abnormal hemodynamics, artery dissection, and atherosclerosis. HR‐MRI is a useful method for evaluating the risk and underlying mechanism of stroke in patients with VBD.
GNB1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by targeting BAG2 to activate P38/MAPK signaling
Authors: Zhang Xin , Dong Keshuai , Zhang Jiacheng , Kuang Tianrui , Luo Yiyun , Yu Jia , Yu Jinming , Wang Weixing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractG‐proteins are intracellular partners of G‐protein‐coupled receptors. As a member of the G‐protein family, GNB1 has been shown to play a pro‐cancer role in lung cancer and breast cancer. However, the biological function and detailed mechanisms of GNB1 in hepatocellular carcinoma progression are unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of GNB1 and its possible mechanism of action in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The clinical significance of GNB1 was evaluated in a large cohort of HCC patients, showing that GNB1 was overexpressed in HCC compared to adjacent normal liver tissues, and increased GNB1 expression was associated with poor prognosis. We also demonstrated that GNB1 enhances cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell migration and invasion in vitro and promotes the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition process in HCC cells. Tumor xenograft model assay confirmed the oncogenic role of GNB1 in tumorigenicity in nude mice. Activation of P38 signaling was found in the GNB1 overexpressed HCC cells. Further intervention of P38 confirmed it as an important signaling pathway for the oncogenic role of GNB1 in HCC. Moreover, co‐immunoprecipitation followed by liquid chromatograph‐mass spectrometry identified that GNB1 exerted oncogenic functions via the interaction of BAG2 and activated P38 signaling pathway. Together, our results reveal that GNB1 plays a pivotal oncogenic role in HCC by promoting the P38 pathway via cooperating with BAG2. GNB1 may serve as a prognostic biomarker for patients with HCC.
Performance of an artificial intelligence automated system for diabetic eye screening in a large English population
Authors: Meredith Sarah , van Grinsven Mark , Engelberts Jonne , Clarke Dominic , Prior Vicki , Vodrey Jo , Hammond Alison , Muhammed Raja , Kirby Philip 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsA diabetic eye screening programme has huge value in reducing avoidable sight loss by identifying diabetic retinopathy at a stage when it can be treated. Artificial intelligence automated systems can be used for diabetic eye screening but are not employed in the national English Diabetic Eye Screening Programme. The aim was to report the performance of a commercially available deep‐learning artificial intelligence software in a large English population.Methods9817 anonymised image sets from 10,000 consecutive diabetic eye screening episodes were presented to an artificial intelligence software. The sensitivity and specificity of the artificial intelligence system for detecting diabetic retinopathy were determined using the diabetic eye screening programme manual grade according to national protocols as the reference standard.ResultsFor no diabetic retinopathy versus any diabetic retinopathy, the sensitivity of the artificial intelligence grading system was 69.7% and specificity 92.2%. The performance of the artificial intelligence system was superior for no or mild diabetic retinopathy versus significant or referrable diabetic retinopathy with a sensitivity of 95.4% and specificity of 92.0%. No cases were identified in which the artificial intelligence grade had missed significant diabetic retinopathy.ConclusionThe performance of a commercially available deep‐learning artificial intelligence system for identifying diabetic retinopathy in an English national Diabetic Eye Screening Programme is presented. Using the pre‐defined settings artificial intelligence performance was highest when identifying diabetic retinopathy which requires an action by the screening programme.
Strategy maps: Generalised giving‐up densities for optimal foraging
Authors: Arehart Emerson , Reimer Jody R. , Adler Frederick R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFinding a common currency for benefits and hazards is a major challenge in optimal foraging theory, often requiring complex computational methods. We present a new analytic approach that builds on the Marginal Value Theorem and giving‐up densities while incorporating the nonlinear effect of predation risk. We map the space of all possible environments into strategy regions, each corresponding to a discrete optimal strategy. This provides a generalised quantitative measure of the trade‐off between foraging rewards and hazards. This extends a classic optimal diet choice rule‐of‐thumb to incorporate the hazard of waiting for better resources to appear. We compare the dynamics of optimal decision‐making for three foraging life‐history strategies: One in which fitness accrues instantly, and two with delays before fitness benefit is accrued. Foragers with delayed‐benefit strategies are more sensitive to predation risk than resource quality, as they stand to lose more fitness from a predation event than instant‐accrual foragers.
Spatial transformer network on skeleton‐based gait recognition
Authors: Zhang Cun , Chen Xing‐Peng , Han Guo‐Qiang , Liu Xiang‐Jie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSkeleton‐based gait recognition models suffer from the robustness problem, as the rank‐1 accuracy varies from 90% in normal walking cases to 70% in walking with coats cases. In this work, we propose a state‐of‐the‐art robust skeleton‐based gait recognition model called Gait‐TR, which is based on the combination of spatial transformer frameworks and temporal convolutional networks. Gait‐TR achieves substantial improvements over other skeleton‐based gait models with higher accuracy and better robustness on the well‐known gait dataset CASIA‐B. Particularly in walking with coats cases, Gait‐TR gets a ∼90% accuracy rate. This result is higher than the best result of silhouette‐based models, which usually have higher accuracy than the skeleton‐based gait recognition models. Moreover, our experiment on CASIA‐B shows that the spatial transformer network can extract gait features from the human skeleton better than the widely used graph convolutional network.
Language and symbolic boundaries among transnational elites: A qualitative case study of European Commission officials
Authors: Drewski Daniel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPrevious research has asked whether European integration leads to the formation of a new kind of ‘transnational class’ or ‘elite’ in and around the European institutions in Brussels. This paper focuses instead on intra‐group distinctions and symbolic boundaries between EU professionals from different countries. Drawing on Bourdieu’s notion of language as a marker of distinction, it argues that language continues to be a resource for symbolic boundary making. Empirically, this paper builds on in‐depth interviews with officials of the European Commission, who are at the heart of an emerging transnational elite of EU professionals. It shows that while Commission officials are multilingual and use multilingualism to construct themselves as a transnational group, intra‐group symbolic boundaries continue to be drawn based on competence in the Commission’s two main working languages, English and French. Overall, this paper points out the overlooked importance of language differences for transnational professionals’ symbolic boundary making.
‘Mind your language’: What people in prison think about the language used to describe them
Authors: Bidwell Lili , Polley Laura 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study investigated how people in prison feel about the language used to describe them and how it affected them. Previous research shows that terminology used to describe people in prison affects their self‐identity, namely through its shame‐inducing effects. A thematic analysis of qualitative data gathered through interviews demonstrated that language impacts how an individual in prison engages with the community and how they view themselves. Positive and progressive language in prisons has the potential to remove the shame and stigma attached to the prisoner identity.
Kinetic modeling of four folates in a model solution at different temperatures and pH to mimic their behavior in foods during processing
Authors: Servent Adrien , Cazals Guillaume , Perfetto Carmen , Achir Nawel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study aims to generate new kinetic data on 4 folate forms, namely folic acid (FA), 5‐methyl‐tetrahydrofolate (5MTHF), 10‐formylfolic acid (10FFA) and tetrahydrofolate (THF) in the same conditions: model media at three temperatures (60°C, 80°C, and 100°C) and three pH values (3, 5, and 7). For the four forms, degradation could be described using a first‐order model. At 100°C and pH 3, rates were 2.8 × 10−2, 1.6 × 10−2, 1.8 × 10−3, and 4 × 10−5 min−1 for 5MTHF, THF, 10FFA and FA respectively. Therefore, the reactivity could be modulated by a factor of 2, 10, and up to 200‐fold for folic acid. pH increase had a positive effect on retention for THF and FA and has the lowest impact on 5MTHF degradation. Product formation from 5MTHF and 10 FFA were studied by multiresponse modeling. Both vitamers generated intermediary products that accumulated differently as a function of pH. These results give comprehension and kinetic insights into folate degradation during food processing from the formulation (pH lever) to the process (temperature lever).Practical ApplicationsThis article brings new insights into vitamins B9 degradation during cooking. Folate is a group of vitamins, sharing a similar molecular structure while having different bioactivity. The lack of folate in diet can lead to severe health disorder. Their human metabolization and thermic degradation can be influenced by different factors, including their own structure. Therefore, it is of high importance to understand how each form is degraded and to determine the best formulation and process conditions to preserve them. Our work, in model mediums, allowed to identify four folate forms reactivity and degradation (including degradation pathway) in order to give more guidance, and offers an operational tool for manufacturer to determine the potential retention of folates as a function of pH, temperature and vitamer composition.