bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long range gene flow beyond predictions from oceanographic transport in a tropical marine foundation species
Authors: Tavares Ana I. , Assis Jorge , Larkin Patrick D. , Creed Joel C. , Magalhães Karine , Horta Paulo , Engelen Aschwin , Cardoso Noelo , Barbosa Castro , Pontes Samuel , Regalla Aissa , Almada Carmen , Ferreira Rogério , Abdoul Ba Mamadou , Ebaye Sidina , Bourweiss Mohammed , dos Santos Carmen Van-Dúnem , Patrício Ana R. , Teodósio Alexandra , Santos Rui , Pearson Gareth A. , Serrao Ester A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe transport of passively dispersed organisms across tropical margins remains poorly understood. Hypotheses of oceanographic transportation potential lack testing with large scale empirical data. To address this gap, we used the seagrass species, Halodule wrightii, which is unique in spanning the entire tropical Atlantic. We tested the hypothesis that genetic differentiation estimated across its large-scale biogeographic range can be predicted by simulated oceanographic transport. The alternative hypothesis posits that dispersal is independent of ocean currents, such as transport by grazers. We compared empirical genetic estimates and modelled predictions of dispersal along the distribution of H. wrightii. We genotyped eight microsatellite loci on 19 populations distributed across Atlantic Africa, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, Brazil and developed a biophysical model with high-resolution ocean currents. Genetic data revealed low gene flow and highest differentiation between (1) the Gulf of Mexico and two other regions: (2) Caribbean-Brazil and (3) Atlantic Africa. These two were more genetically similar despite separation by an ocean. The biophysical model indicated low or no probability of passive dispersal among populations and did not match the empirical genetic data. The results support the alternative hypothesis of a role for active dispersal vectors like grazers.
Evaluating the impact of digitalization, renewable energy use, and technological innovation on load capacity factor in G8 nations
Authors: Mehmood Usman , Tariq Salman , Aslam Muhammad Umar , Agyekum Ephraim Bonah , Uhunamure Solomon Eghosa , Shale Karabo , Kamal Mustafa , Khan Muhammad Faisal 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEcosystems are in danger due to human-caused air, water, and soil pollution, so it is important to find the underlying causes of this issue and develop practical solutions. This study adds to environmental research gap by suggesting the load capability factor (LCF) and using it to look at the factors affectting environmental health. The load capacity factor simplifies monitoring environmental health by illustrating the distinction between ecological footprint and biocapacity. We examine the interplay between mobile phone users (Digitalization DIG), technological advancements (TEC), renewable energy use, economic growth, and financial development. This study assesses G8 economies’ data from 1990 to 2018, using a Cross-Section Improved Autoregressive Distributed Lag CS-ARDL estimator and a cointegration test. The data shows that green energy, TEC innovation, and DIG are all beneficial for natural health. Based on the results of this study, the G8 governments should focus on environmental policies that promote economic growth, increase the use of renewable energy sources, guide technological progress in key areas, and encourage the development of digital information and communications technologies that are better for the environment.
Multidecadal climate variability dominated past trends in the water balance of the Baltic Sea watershed
Authors: Markus Meier H. E. , Barghorn Leonie , Börgel Florian , Gröger Matthias , Naumov Lev , Radtke Hagen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Baltic Sea watershed includes the territories of 14 countries in Northern, Central, and Eastern Europe. Long-term observations have shown that the climate in this area is characterised by a pronounced multidecadal variability, with a period of about 30 years, but its origin is thus far unknown. We propose that the observed ~30-year fluctuations in Baltic Sea salinity are caused by the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability and the North Atlantic Oscillation, which together modulate precipitation over the watershed and hence the river discharge into the Baltic Sea. The return of a large portion of the outflowing brackish Baltic Sea water with the inflowing salt water, due to mixing at the entrance area results in a positive feedback mechanism that amplifies the multidecadal variations in salinity. The strength of this self-amplification is considerable since atmospheric forcing has nearly the same periodicity as the response time of the freshwater content to external freshwater inputs.
A Verbal Card Sorting Task to Measure Executive Functions
Authors: LaCroix Arianna N. , Greene-Winek Alexandria , Simon Sandy , Groth Hannah , Ratiu Ileana 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is commonly used to measure nonverbal executive functions (EFs) in a variety of clinical populations. However, in some clinical populations (e.g., people with aphasia), deficits may be present in more linguistic (or verbal) domains and less pronounced in nonverbal domains. Thus, when determining possible deficits in these individuals, it is critical to assess both verbal and nonverbal cognitive abilities. The purpose of this study was to create a verbal card sorting task (VCST) to complement the WCST.

Method:
We created the VCST by modifying a computerized version of the WCST, the Berg Card Sorting Task (BCST). We then compared 35 individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and 33 matched controls' performance on each task. We tested the VCST in individuals with mTBI first because they demonstrate impaired EFs but unimpaired language. We therefore expected the mTBI group to perform similarly on the VCST and BCST, suggesting that the two tasks measure EFs similarly.

Results:
In line with our hypothesis, the mTBI group had unimpaired inhibition and sustained attention but impaired shifting on each task. Component loadings for both tasks were also similar, and participants' inhibition and shifting scores positively correlated across the two tasks.

Conclusions:
Together, these findings suggest that the VCST is a potentially useful tool for measuring verbal EF deficits. Our results also provide important insights into the EF impairments experienced by individuals with mTBI.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23230475
Correlation between the Extraction of Permanent Teeth in Children and Future Growth of Third Molar
Authors: Ahmed Mareb Hammed 
Published: June 2023

Background: permanent molar (M3) formation, morphology, and agenesis vary greatly between individuals. This study examines how removing the lower first permanent molar affects the position and angle of the developing third molar in 7- to 10-year-olds.
Method: Radiographs of Two groups from southern Iraq were identified: those who had one or more first permanent molars extracted between ages 7 and 10 and those who did not. Both groups had panoramic radiographs taken at 8.5 and 10 years before extraction. 80 third molars were extracted, and 50 had retained first permanent molars. Comparing groups used independent sample tests.
Results: The third molar moved significantly more mesially in the group of extraction (P <0.05), and the angle righted itself significantly more in the group of extraction than it did in the group of non-extraction (P <0.05). Both of these results were significantly different from what was seen in the group of non-extraction. These two findings presented a striking contrast to the findings obtained from the control group that did not undergo extraction. When it came to the movement of the third molar downward, there's not a statistical significant difference between two groups in terms of a vertical movement of the 3rd molar.
Conclusion: An extraction of the lower first permanent molar encouraged mesial movement and up righting of the developing third molar while the dentition was still in the process of developing. Because of this, the probability of the third molar erupting in the future may increase.
Sexualkundeunterricht per App? Knowbody stellt sich vor
Authors: Meyer Vanessa , Schuster Sophie Margo 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Praxisbeitrag setzt sich kritisch mit dem Status quo der aktuellen schulischen Sexualaufklärung auseinander. Als ein Lösungsansatz wird die App Knowbody vorgestellt. Die App deckt eine Vielfalt an relevanten Themen der Sexuellen Bildung ab und bereitet diese zeitgemäß multimedial und interaktiv auf. Knowbody kann von Lehrkräften live im Schulunterricht eingesetzt werden und bietet Schüler*innen zudem die Möglichkeit, eigenständig mit der App weiterzulernen. Der Beitrag informiert nicht nur über den Aufbau der App, sondern gibt auch Einblicke in ihre Entwicklung und Evaluation.
Assessment design issues in developing vertical scales for
language tests
Authors: Papageorgiou Spiros , Ginsburgh Mitchell J. , Gomez Pablo Garcia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
To support decisions about readiness to take a test in the
TOEFL® Family of Assessments, a multi-year project was
launched in 2017 to explore the possibility of expressing scores across
multiple tests on a single, consistently interpreted scale by applying
vertical linking procedures. This chapter focuses on the assessment
design aspects of the vertical linking project. It describes the
selection of vertical linking items for listening and reading and the
development of test forms so that test taker responses could be
collected. The chapter also discusses examples of content analysis of
the vertical linking items flagged during the statistical analysis
described in Chapter 4. The
chapter concludes with implications for suites of language proficiency
tests regarding the selection of vertical linking items.
Literacy, transparency, and (mis)interpretations in communicating
with testing stakeholders
Authors: Baker Beverly 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, I reflect upon the common goal of the
contributors of this volume – as evident in its title – to enhance score
meaning for test users. I first discuss this goal related to concepts
such as language assessment literacy and transparency. Then I focus on
the score interpretation process itself. The contributions of this
volume arguably represent the first half of this process: the provision
of research outcomes and other information designed to make scores more
meaningful. The second half of the process begins with communication of
these research outcomes to the intended audience. I suggest a program of
research for this second half of the interpretation process to examine
whether this research information is taken up and understood as
intended.
Narrative writing from users-in-the-wild
Authors: Beigman Klebanov Beata 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we discuss the use of DocuScope
as a computational tool for measuring ‘distances’ between corpora
representing different contexts of writing with partially
overlapping goals. In prior work (Beigman Klebanov et al., 2019) we found
that there is a quantifiable sense in which argumentative essays
written as part of higher ed coursework, argument essays written for
a high-stakes examination, and New York Times OpEds belong to the
same genre, as realized through a distribution of DocuScope
categories, even though the specifics of each context are different.
We extend this work in two ways: (a) we focus on
narrative writing, and (b) we explore DocuScope
as a basis for feedback to the writer about the
extent to which a draft shows a distribution of rhetorical
categories that is “close” to what one would expect for the target
genre. In particular, we consider essays submitted through an online
writing assistant tool Writing Mentor that are marked as narratives
by their authors – a designation that we attempt to verify using
DocuScope.
Understanding social justice features in statistics
writing
Authors: Oliveri Maria Elena , Randall Jennifer , Beck Mark , Poe Mya 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we present a DocuScope case
study of undergraduate writing in two statistics courses, with
special attention to language use viewed through a social justice
lens. Our analysis reveals how language clusters can help us
understand the presence of academic terms, metadiscourse, and
reasoning patterns, across both courses and how these can be used to
leverage critical analysis. Based on our case study, we propose that
a social justice framework for language analysis holds the potential
to reformulate the rhetorical approach offered by DocuScope in ways
that can encourage fair and equitable language use.
Public policy research applications of DocuScope’s linguistic
taxonomy
Authors: Marcellino William 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Computer scientists in natural language
processing (NLP) have focused on the lexical level of language: word
counts, ratios, distance, and context, and this attention to the
lexical level of language is well suited to semantic tasks as well
as syntactic analyses. Corpus linguists on the other hand have had a
broader focus, also accounting for the lexicogrammatical level of
language, and thus their approach is well-suited to pragmatic tasks.
DocuScope, with its linguistic taxonomy at the lexicogrammatical
level, is thus a unique and complementary tool for the data-driven
analysis of large collections of text, addressing the stance and
style choices pervasive in linguistic behavior. This chapter looks
at how DocuScope’s taxonomy has informed a range of problems in
public policy at the RAND Corporation. One section of the chapter
examines how the DocuScope taxonomy has been used as a statistical
tool to find patterns in text corpora, scaling up human qualitative
analysis into a mixed methods text analysis approach, for example
analyzing open text responses in a large survey of U.S. special
forces operators. The second section shows how the DocuScope
taxonomy has improved machine learning efforts, both in terms of
accuracy and interpretability, for example in detecting and
understanding conspiracy theory discourse over social media. This
chapter ultimately calls for humanistic knowledge as a valuable and
necessary complement to technical advances in data-centric
disciplines like NLP.
Be positive
Authors: Omizo Ryan M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter proposes a novel method that deploys
non-negative matrix factorization to extract topic models from
texts. This topic modeling process reveals how terms and DocuScope
Language Action Type Analysis (LATs) align, providing robust
information on what texts are about and how they are organized
rhetorically. Moreover, the non-negative nature of the topics means
that each derived topic can be viewed as a sum of topical features,
which can greatly ease the interpretive process. To elucidate and
benchmark this method, I apply it to a well-known 20
Newsgroups dataset and sample the results.
DocuScope Write & Audit as an early feedback machine in
genre-based writing
Authors: Geisler Cheryl 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The recent addition of Write & Audit, to the
DocuScope family offers the promise of helping students revise their
own texts by providing early feedback before submitting a draft.
This potential is examined in the context of proposal writing, a
quintessential example of genre writing. Actual standards brought to
bear on students’ drafts were developed from a long-standing
proposal writing course and applied to a small, stratified sample of
proposals in the Michigan Corpus of Upper-level Student Papers
(MICUSP). Early feedback focused on the element of proposal themes
using Write & Audit’s analysis of topical progression and
information focus, and a template for early feedback was developed.
The strengths and limitations of Write & Audit as an early
feedback machine are examined with the conclusion that it may indeed
have the potential to provide early feedback to writers working in
specific genres, helping them to see what they have done and what
they might still want to do before turning in a draft.
From technical reporter to personal guide
Authors: Dreher Kira 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Plain language summaries increasingly serve as a
strategy to make scientific research accessible to wide audiences.
However, authors often know little about plain language audiences or
their goals, so the rhetorical situation of this emerging genre
remains unstable and guidance for authors remains fraught. To better
understand these summaries, this chapter uses a DocuScope analysis
coupled with close reading to compare a corpus of 150 AGU/Wiley
Earth and Space journal abstracts with their plain language
counterparts. The study yields six areas of significant difference,
including less detailed information and more metadiscourse,
first-person references, and language of inquiry. These differences
collectively reveal the way authors rhetorically shift from the role
of technical reporter to personal guide to readers. The chapter
concludes with two recommendations for crafting and conceptualizing
plain language summaries.
Books for the Young by Caroline Hewins
Authors: Fitzsimmons Rebekah , Wu Gisele (Xinyu) 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Children’s literature was formally distinguished
as a distinct category of literature during the Progressive Era in
the United States, largely through the work of professional “book
women” like children’s librarians, publishers, and teachers. This
chapter examines one of the first attempts to formalize a selection
of existing literature into a canon of children’s books, the 1882
pamphlet Books for the Young by Caroline M. Hewins.
While this booklist is widely acknowledged by children’s literature
scholars to be a major milestone in the formation of the field, the
actual texts that comprise the list are understudied. In this
chapter, we analyze the corpus of books named in this list by
applying rhetorical tagging and focusing on the subset of books
designated by Hewins for specific gendered readership (i.e. books
especially for boys and especially for girls). We argue that Hewins
assigns a narrower scope of text types to the category of books
girls will like, which sets a precedent for future gendering of
readership for the field of children’s literature well into the 20th
century.
Vagus nerve stimulation using an endovascular electrode array
Authors: Nicolai Evan N , Larco Jorge Arturo , Madhani Sarosh I , Asirvatham Samuel J , Chang Su-youne , Ludwig Kip A , Savastano Luis E , Worrell Gregory A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), which involves a surgical procedure to place electrodes directly on the vagus nerve (VN), is approved clinically for the treatment of epilepsy, depression, and to facilitate rehabilitation in stroke. VNS at surgically implanted electrodes is often limited by activation of motor nerve fibers near and within the VN that cause neck muscle contraction. In this study we investigated endovascular VNS that may allow activation of the VN at locations where the motor nerve fibers are not localized. Approach. We used endovascular electrodes within the nearby internal jugular vein (IJV) to electrically stimulate the VN while recording VN compound action potentials (CAPs) and neck muscle motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in an acute intraoperative swine experiment. Main Results. We show that the stimulation electrode position within the IJV is critical for efficient activation of the VN. We also demonstrate use of fluoroscopy (cone beam CT mode) and ultrasound to determine the position of the endovascular stimulation electrode with respect to the VN and IJV. At the most effective endovascular stimulation locations tested, thresholds for VN activation were several times higher than direct stimulation of the nerve using a cuff electrode; however, this work demonstrates the feasibility of VNS with endovascular electrodes and provides tools to optimize endovascular electrode positions for VNS. Significance. This work lays the foundation to develop endovascular VNS strategies to stimulate at VN locations that would be otherwise too invasive and at VN locations where structures such as motor nerve fibers do not exist.
Simulation of distribution dose on proton therapy for nasopharyngeal cancer with pencil beam active scanning method using MCNP6 software
Authors: Vika S , Utari  , Fuad A , Suharyana  
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The simulation about the scattered of dosage proton therapy on nasopharyngeal cancer was performed with a pencil beam active scanning method using MCNP6 software. The proton beam was using a monodirectional disk with a diameter of 0,5 cm. The source of radiation is directed to the cell of cancer which is in form of a cube consisting of 27 small cubicles sized 0,6 cm x 0,6 cm x 0,6 cm. The proton energy varied from 105 MeV to 110 MeV. From the simulation that had been done, the percentage of the dose received by healthy cells behind the cancer cells was 0%. Then, for irradiation with proton energy from 108 MeV to 110 MeV, the percentage of dose received by healthy cells was 0,01%, 0,57%, and 4,87%, respectively. So, from the results of this study known that the largest dose of radiation is distributed to the cells of nasopharyngeal cancer for all variations of the energy used.
Optimum radioactivity yield of Zirconium-89 radionuclide applicable for radioimmuno-PET imaging
Authors: Kambali I , Wibowo F A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Since Zirconium-89 (89Zr or Zr-89) decays by emitting positron with a half-life of 78.4 hours, it has been suggested as a diagnostic radioisotope for cancer. Normally, Zirconium-89 is generated by irradiating an enriched yttrium-89 (89Y or Y-89) target with protons via 89Y(p,n)89Zr nuclear reaction. Optimum proton energy employed to produce high Zr-89 yield and low radioactive impurities is required to be determined so that it meets the requirements for clinical use. In this work, a Y-89 target was bombarded with variable proton energies ranging from 11 to 30 MeV. The Zr-89 radioactivity yields dan radioactive impurity yields were calculated using the CalcuYield code, in which the proton beam current was set to be 1 μA while the target was bombarded for 1 hour. Based on the CalcuYield calculations, the radioactivity yield of Zr-89 produced by 11 MeV protons was 41.18 MBq/μAh, whereas the yield increased significantly to 166.76 MBq/μAh when the Y-89 target was bombarded with 30-MeV protons. The higher Zr-89 radioactivity yields also resulted in higher radioactive impurities, which could be of concern when applied to patients. By assuming that the radioactive impurities came from proton interactions with the Y-89 target, it was found that the 11 and 13 MeV proton-bombarded Y-89 target resulted in no radioactivity impurities. The radioactive impurities became significantly high when greater than 18 MeV protons were employed. These estimated results can be employed as a benchmark for the coming Zr-89 radionuclide generation applicable for radioimmuno-PET imaging.