bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in inflammatory parameters and their impact on clinical symptoms in patients suffering from schizophrenia
Authors: Nycz B. , Krysta K. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionOne of the factors influencing the symptoms of schizophrenia, which may indicate changes in the cognitive functioning of patients, is the fluctuating level of inflammatory cytokines.ObjectivesThe aim of the review was to analyze the available literature on the importance of selected inflammatory factors [interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), of tumor necrosis α (TNF-α)] in schizophrenia and the assessment of the impact of changes in cytokine levels on the occurrence of schizophrenia symptoms.MethodsFor this purpose, available scientific publications from following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar were used to prove that the levels of selected inflammatory parameters changed in people suffering from schizophrenia. Moreover, fluctuations in cytokine concentrations influenced the occurrence of negative symptoms of schizophrenia, including cognitive disorders, as well as psychotic symptoms.ResultsAn increase in the concentration of IL-1β in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with the first episode of schizophrenia has been described, which may indicate the involvement of the cytokine in the inflammatory process involving the CNS. The increased level of IL-6 is associated with the occurrence of psychotic disorders, it is also noted in stressful conditions. IL-6 is qualified as an indicator of exacerbation of schizophrenia, which normalizes after antipsychotic treatment. In the blood of patients with paranoid schizophrenia, elevated levels of IL-8 and IL-6 were detected compared to healthy individuals, which indicates the development of an inflammatory process in schizophrenia. The relationship between the level of IL-8 in women in the second trimester of pregnancy and the risk of developing schizophrenia spectrum disorder in children has been proven. Untreated patients with acute psychotic symptoms showed an increase in the level of TNF-α in the blood serum (compared to healthy subjects). An increase in the level of TNF-α in the blood serum of patients with an acute relapse of schizophrenia or the first episode of psychosis was also demonstrated. In conclusion, the relationship of IL-6 and TNF-α with the occurrence of psychotic disorders, the relationship of IL-1β with the appearance of changes in mood, behavior, including cognitive dysfunction, the relationship of IL-8 with the risk of developing schizophrenia spectrum disorder in children, the relationship of reduced concentrations of IL-10 with the intensification of negative symptoms, including cognitive deficits.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the analysis showed that patients with schizophrenia fluctuate in the concentration of inflammatory cytokines, which affects the occurrence of clinical symptoms.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
The risk of developing diabetes during antipsychotic drug treatment: A nationwide study among 31,856 patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Marker Madsen N. , Köhler-Forsberg O. , Garne Rohde C. , Aalkjær Danielsen A. , Mors O. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionAntipsychotics (AP) are the primary pharmacological treatment for schizophrenia but increase the risk for diabetes, with recent meta-analyses indicating important differences between specific APs. However, these findings are based on randomized clinical trials, which only include 20% of patients seen in everyday clinical settings, and are hence prone to selection bias.ObjectivesWe aim to investigate 1) the actual risk of developing diabetes in patients treated with APs using real-world data and 2) whether there are risk differences between specific APs.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using Danish nationwide healthcare registers. We identified all individuals receiving a schizophrenia diagnosis from January 1, 1999, to January 1, 2019 and an age- and sex-matched reference population from the general population. The primary outcome was diabetes, identified via hospital discharge diagnoses and redeemed prescriptions for glucose-lowering drugs. First, we compared the risk of developing diabetes between patients with schizophrenia and the age- and sex-matched reference population. Second, among the patients with schizophrenia, the association between AP drug treatment and the risk of diabetes were analyzed. Third, risk differences for developing diabetes between specific AP drugs were investigated. We used cox regression for all analyses, the latter adjusted for age, sex, year of schizophrenia diagnosis, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), occupational status, marital status, education and schizophrenia severity (use of antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics/hypnotics/sedatives, mood stabilizers and number of psychiatric admissions in the year preceding the diagnosis of schizophrenia).ResultsWe identified 31,856 patients with schizophrenia and 159,280 reference individuals. Patients with schizophrenia had an increased risk of developing diabetes compared with the reference individuals (unadjusted HRR: 3.12, 95%CI: 2.98-3.28). Treatment with AP in patients with schizophrenia, compared to periods with no AP use, was associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes (adjusted HRR: 2.04, 95%CI: 1.75-2.38). This risk was particularly increased among individuals treated with lurasidone (HRR: 2.66, 95%CI: 1.10-6.42), sertindole (HRR: 2.10, 95%CI 1.51-2.93), paliperidone (HRR: 1.84, 95%CI 1.47-2.31), clozapine (HRR: 1.74, 95%CI 1.49-2.03) and aripiprazole (HRR: 1.54, 95%CI 1.35-1.75), whereas treatment with zuclopenthixol (HRR: 1.00, 95%CI 0.82-1.23), flupentixol (HRR: 0.71, 95%CI 0.40-1.25) and pimozide (HRR: 0.74, 95%CI 0.31-1.78) were not associated with an increased risk of diabetes.ConclusionsThis real-world study indicates differences in the risk of developing diabetes between specific AP compounds. Further analyses will be presented at the conference.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Ghrelin at the interface of hunger, reward and obesity
Authors: Dickson S. L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGhrelin, a stomach-derived hunger and appetite signal, drives behaviors that ensure we seek out and consume foods, not only in situations of energy deficit but also when anticipating palatable foods. Key target pathways for ghrelin include the orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurones in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (Arc), that appear to confer the unpleasant feelings of hunger. They also include dopamine neurones in the ventral tegmental area, where ghrelin heightens motivation for food rewards. Recently, we have employed a variety of neural circuit mapping techniques in rodents to help clarify the function of populations of ghrelin-responsive targets. We found that 1) chemogenetic activation of ghrelin-responsive cells in the Arc is sufficient to drive a feeding response and to induce food-motivated behaviour and 2) that dopamine neurones in the VTA are activated when mice are exposed to cues that predict a food reward than to its retrieval, as revealed by fiber photometry recordings from these cells. Further studies aim to determine the role of ghrelin-responsive cells in the parabrachial nucleus of the brainstem. Overall, the brain ghrelin signalling system is well positioned to integrate the response to hunger, enhanced by both intrinsic and external cues and in ways that are relevant to curb over-eating in obesity.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Gender differences in response and remission rates among patients receiving esketamine
Authors: Guterman A. T. , Feffer K. , Gershi A. Z. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionDepressive disorders are among the leading causes of disability. The lifetime risk for developing clinically significant depression is estimated around 15%. Multiple studies have found female-male ratio of 2:1 across nations and cultures. The reason for this marked difference is still not clear, although several theories addressing social, biological, and environmental contributors have been suggested. Respond to anti-depressant treatment is considerably similar in both genders. However, several studies have shown worse outcomes among women during menopause.In 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a nasal spray formulation of esketamine for the treatment of resistant depression (TRD) in adults, and the treatment has been approved to use by the ministry of health in Israel since 2020 . Recent studies found more than 50% response and 35% remission rates, when nasal esketamine was given as an add-on therapy.Objectivesto assess gender differences in response and remission rates among patients receiving esketamine as an add-on therapy for TRD in a real-world settingMethods23 female and 22 males received at least 12 weeks of esketamine treatment in a day-care setting. Data collected included depression, dissociation and quality of life scales.ResultsFemales tend to experience more severe dissociation during treatment. Average response and remission rates were similar in both groups (48% and 32% respectively), however females were less favorable to show rapid response (during the first 4 weeks). among responders no major differences in time to response has been found.Conclusionsno major gender differences in response or remission rates have been found among patients receiving esketamine treatment for TRD aside from lower rates of rapid response. Additionally, Females report more severe dissociation during treatment.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Resting-state fMRI markers of conversion to dementia in amnestic MCI: a pilot study
Authors: Abdullina E. , Panikratova Y. , Ponomareva E. , Roshchina I. , Selezneva N. , Lebedeva I. , Gavrilova S. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionPatients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) have a high risk of transition to Alzheimer’s disease. Analysis of potential biomarkers of conversion to dementia in this clinical group is crucial for prognosis and early intervention.ObjectivesThe aim of the pilot study was to compare whole-brain functioning characteristics (fMRI, spontaneous activity and local coherence) in aMCI converters and non-converters to dementia.MethodsNine aMCI converters to dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (mean age 69.2 ± 8.2; 9 females) and ten aMCI non-converters (mean age 65.9 ± 6.1; 8 females) underwent resting-state fMRI (3T). All patients were followed up for three years. Baseline whole-brain amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and local coherence (LCOR) were compared between groups (CONN-fMRI toolbox 19.с, https://web.conn-toolbox.org/; p < .001 voxelwise, p(FDR) < .05 clusterwise). Age was included in the analyses as a second-level covariate.ResultsAs compared to non-converters, aMCI converters were characterized by higher ALFF and LCOR values in the cluster located in the frontal medial cortex and frontal pole bilaterally.ConclusionsFrontal medial cortex and frontal pole are involved in a wide range of cognitive functions, including episodic memory and “hot” (motivational) executive control (Rolls. ProgNeurobiol 2022; 217; Friedman, Robbins. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47(1) 72-89). Both increased and decreased LCOR/ALFF values in aMCI converters compared to non-converters were found, although in the other regions (Mondragón et al. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2021; 11(3) 235–249; Khatri, Kwon. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022; 14). It seems reasonable to clarify if the brain functional features revealed in our study are the markers of conversion to dementia in aMCI.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Affective wellbeing moderates the association between polygenic risk score for neuroticism and change in neuroticism
Authors: Bahbouhová J. , Cade M. V. , De Sadeleer A. T. , Dibbets C. , Herrmann L.-Q. , Hovens P. O. F. , Jakson B. M. , Reising R. C. , Menne-Lothmann C. , Decoster J. , van Winkel R. , Collip D. , Delespaul P. , De Hert M. , Derom C. , Thiery E. , Jacobs N. , Wichers M. , van Os J. , Rutten B. P. F. , Gülöksüz S. , Klingenberg B. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionNeuroticism has societal, mental and physical health relevance, with an etiology involving genetic predisposition, psychological influence, and their interaction.ObjectivesTo understand whether the association between polygenic risk score for neuroticism (PRS-N) and neuroticism is moderated by affective well-being.MethodsData were derived from TwinssCan, a general population twin cohort (age range=15-35 years, 478 monozygotic twins). Self-report questionnaires were used to measure well-being and neuroticism. PRS-N was trained from the Genetics of Personality Consortium (GPC) and United Kingdom Biobank (UKB). Multilevel mixed-effects models were used to test baseline and changes in well-being and neuroticism.ResultsBaseline wellbeing and neuroticism were associated (β=-1.35, p<0.001). PRSs-N were associated with baseline neuroticism (lowest p-value: 0.008 in GPC, 0.01 in UKB). In interaction models (PRS x wellbeing), GPC PRS-N (β=0.38, p=0.04) and UKB PRS-N (β=0.81, p<0.001) had significant interactions.PRSs-N were associated with changes in neuroticism (lowest p-value: 0.03 in GPC, 0.3 in UKB). Furthermore, changes in wellbeing and neuroticism were associated (β =-0.66, p<0.001). In interaction models (PRS x change in wellbeing), only UKB PRS-N had a significant interaction (β=0.80, p<0.001).ConclusionsInteraction between polygenic risk, wellbeing and neuroticism, were observed regarding baselines measures and change over time. Depending on the analysis step, the direction of the effect changed.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Psychometric properties of the Greek translation of the Greek Short Dark Triad questionnaire (GSD3Q) in a subclinical sample
Authors: Lyrakos G. N. , Aslani E. , Spinaris V. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction‘Dark Triad’ is a constellation of three conceptually distinct but empirically overlapping personality variables. The three members- Machiavellianism, narcissism and subclinical psychopathy – often show differential correlates but share a common core of callous-manipulation.ObjectivesTo validate an easy to use and valid measurement for subclinical populations examining the 3 factors of the dark triad of personality.MethodsA pool of items designed to circumscribe the classic conceptions of the Dark Triad constructs used for the Short Dark Triad were translated using the multiple forward and backward translation protocol. Participants consisted of 391 adults recruited from social media. Participants were then asked to rate their agreement with each of the 44 items generated for the GSD3Q).Results391 adults participated, 51 (13%) male, 340 (87%) female mean age 41.4(SD=10.8). Corrected Item-Total Correlation was used for the first reduction of items and then PCA with eigenvalues >1.5 was used for the reduction of the items loading lower than 0. 400 for each factor independently. Finally, Principal Axis Factoring with Varimax rotation led to 9 items for Machiavellianism (alpha coefficient=0.659), 8 items for Narcissism (alpha coefficient=0.659) and 10 items for Psychopathy (alpha coefficient=0.742). Strong correlations were found as expected between the 3 factors with lower between Machiavellianism and Narcissism r=.487 p=0.001 and higher between Psychopath and Narcissism r=.617 p=0.001.ConclusionsThe results of the current validation led to a 27 item, with 3 factors questionnaire with similar psychometric properties for non-clinical populations. Further validation is needed for clinical samples.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
What does the immunometabolic status tell us about depression?
Authors: Lopez-Garcia P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite being a clinical identifiable entity, major depressive disorder (MDD) is an heterogenous clinical syndrome, with a variety of clinical presentations which likely reflects different biological underpinnings. The identification of biologically-based depression symptoms profiles would be of great importance to unravel different pathophysiological pathways in MDD and therefore to achieve more precise and personalized therapeutical approaches as well as preventive strategies.Converging evidence from epidemiological and clinical studies, points to the importance of inflammation in MDD, shown by increased levels of pro-inflammatory proteins and increased inflammation-related comorbidities, including metabolic diseases. In fact, there exists a bidirectional relationship between inflammation and metabolic dysfunction that could be linked to multiple factors, including life style, stress and genetic predisposition. MDD patients exhibit several metabolic disturbances such as overweight, insuline resistance and dyslipidemia, among others, which are not always fully explained by life style factors. These findings have led to the formulation of an immunometabolic hypothesis, which could be present in a subgroup of MDD patients, associated to specific symptoms and clinical features.In this presentation, data reflecting the complex relationships and interactions between immune and metabolic disturbances in MDD will be shown. In particular, it will be shown how machine learning approaches can be useful to disentangle the clinical and biological heterogeneity of MDD, using immunometabolic biomarkers.Disclosure of InterestP. Lopez-Garcia Grant / Research support from: Grant from Carlos III Health Institute ref PI15/00204 and FEDER funding from the EU
Circadian rhythm disturbances in mood disorders: characterisation and clinical impact
Authors: Cappannini G. , Bianchi S. , Menculini G. , Semeraro B. , De Giorgi F. , Amantini K. , Moretti P. , Tortorella A. A. V. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionCircadian rhythms, defined as endogenous oscillations that regulate metabolism, physiology and behaviour, may be frequently disrupted in mood disorders, influencing their clinical presentation and course (Srinivasan V. et al. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2006;7(3):138-151).ObjectivesTo characterise circadian rhythm disruptions in a population of patients with mood disorders, analysing clinical and course differences in subjects with and without clinically significant circadian rhythm alterationsMethodsPatients selected for this cross-sectional study were assessed with CGI-BP, HAM-D, MRS, and PANSS. Circadian rhythm disturbances were evaluated with BRIAN. Patients with clinically relevant circadian rhythm disturbances were defined as BRIAN > 36 (Mondin TC et al. J Psychiatr Res. 2017;84:98-104). Bivariate analyses were subsequently performed to compare subgroups of patients.ResultsIn our study, 61 subjects with DD or DB were enrolled. The overall mean BRIAN test score was 40.08 ± 10.26. When comparing the BRIAN test scores, both total and subscales, between subjects with DB and DD, social rhythms were significantly more altered in subjects with DB (8.63 ± 2.90 VS 6.80 ± 2.11, p=0.034). Subjects with disruption of circadian rhythms displayed greater severity of depressive symptoms (mean total HAM-D test score 16.06±8.61 VS 8.94±5.85; p<0.003, mean CGI-BP severity of depression test score 3.14±1.68 VS 1.88±1.11; p<0.010) and with a longer duration of untreated illness (6.14±8.64 VS 2.53±6.28; p= 0.040).ConclusionsAlterations in circadian rhythms should be routinely investigated in all individuals with mood disorders, especially BD, and may represent a transdiagnostic psychopathological construct that defines a more severe disease phenotype.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Factors associated with poor medication adherence in patients with Bipolar Disorders
Authors: Jemli H. , Djelassi M. , Zgueb Y. , Zaibi R. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionTreatment adherence in patients living with Bipolar Disorders can influence prognosis and quality of life. It is associated with an increased morbidity and healthcare costs.ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to evaluate treatment adherence in a sample of patients living with Bipolar disorders and to determine factors associated with poor adherence.MethodsWe conducted a cross sectional study where we included bipolar patients being treated in psychiatry department A. We developed a survey containing sociodemographic and clinical features. We used the medical adherence rating scale to evaluate treatment adherence.ResultsOur sample consisted of 100 patients with a mean age of 47,5 years old. Sixty seven patients were being treated for bipolar disorder type 1. Medication adherence rate was 64%.Factors associated with poor medication adherence were being single, an early age of onset, comorbid substance abuse disorder, severe treatment side effects and poor insight.ConclusionsPoor medication adherence is a major issue for people living with Bipolar Disorders. Clinicians should pay more attention to sociodemographic and clinical factors to predict and enhance treatment adherence.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Exploring the role of lifetime brain maturation trajectories and their determinants in the onset of psychiatric disorders
Authors: Maggioni E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecently, the diffusion of sophisticated neuroimaging techniques has tremendously advanced our understanding of brain structure and function. Nevertheless, the current knowledge of the neurobiology of complex mental illnesses - like major psychoses and depression - is limited, hindering the development and validation of biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response.Increasing evidence is suggesting a crucial role of environmental, personal, and behavioral processes, interacting among themselves and with genetics, in shaping mental functioning and psychopathological risk. In this context, the study of brain maturation trajectories and of their association with genetic and environmental factors can provide key insights on the risk for the emergence of mental illnesses over lifetime.The present lecture will provide an overview of our recent research on the brain underpinnings of psychotic and affective disorders onsetting during either adolescence/young adulthood or late adulthood. Evidence obtained from young samples of twins will be presented to provide useful information on the genetic and environmental determinants of physiological and pathological neurodevelopmental trajectories. The complex relationships among life events, brain morphology and connectivity, and psychopathology will be discussed by showing our recent findings on multicentric transdiagnostic samples of young adults and elders. Special focus will be given to the brain mechanisms affected by social stressors, including discrimination and bullyism, as well as chronic stress, and their possible role in facilitating the onset or in enhancing the severity of psychotic and affective disorders.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared