bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping Genetic Susceptibility to Stenosis in the Proximal Airway
Authors: Sharif Kayvon , Tierney William S. , Davis Ruth J. , Wohler Elizabeth , Sobreira Nara , Hillel Alexander T. , Collins Samuel , Ramirez‐Solano Marisol , Sheng Quanhu , Gelbard Alexander 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesRecent translational scientific efforts in subglottic stenosis (SGS) support a disease model where epithelial alterations facilitate microbiome displacement, dysregulated immune activation, and localized fibrosis. Yet despite recent advances, the genetic basis of SGS remains poorly understood. We sought to identify candidate risk genes associated with an SGS phenotype, investigate their biological function, and identify the cell types enriched for their expression.MethodsThe Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database was queried for single gene variants associated with an SGS phenotype. The functional intersections and molecular roles of the identified genes were explored using pathway enrichment analysis (PEA) computational methods. Cellular localization of the candidate risk genes was measured via transcriptional quantification in an established single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) atlas of the proximal airway.ResultsTwenty genes associated with SGS phenotype were identified. PEA resulted in 24 significantly enriched terms including “cellular response to TGF‐β,” “epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition,” and “adherens junctions.” Mapping the 20 candidate risk genes to the scRNA‐seq atlas found 3 (15%) genes were enriched in epithelial cells, 3 (15%) in fibroblasts, and 3 (15%) in endothelial cells. 11 (55%) genes were expressed ubiquitously among tissue types. Interestingly, immune cells were not significantly enriched for candidate risk genes.ConclusionWe identify and provide biologic context for 20 genes associated with fibrotic disease of the proximal airway and form the foundation for future detailed genetic study.Level of evidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 133:3049–3056, 2023
Oxygen depletion and sediment respiration in ice‐covered arctic lakes
Authors: Schwefel Robert , MacIntyre Sally , Cortés Alicia , Sadro Steven 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProcesses regulating the rate of oxygen depletion determine whether hypoxia occurs and the extent to which greenhouse gases accumulate in seasonally ice‐covered lakes. Here, we investigate the oxygen budget of four arctic lakes using high‐frequency data during two winters in three shallow lakes (9–13 m maximal depth) and four winters in 24 m deep main basin of Toolik Lake. Incubation experiments measured sediment metabolism. Volume‐averaged oxygen depletion measured in situ was independent of water temperature and duration of the ice‐covered period. Average rates were between 0.2 and 0.39 g O2 m−2 d−1 in the shallow lakes and between 0.03 and 0.14 g O2 m−2 d−1 in Toolik Lake, with higher rates in smaller lakes with their larger sediment area to volume ratio. Rates decreased to ~ 20%–50% of initial values in late winter in the shallow lakes but less or not at all in Toolik. The lack of a decline in Toolik Lake points to continued oxygen transport to the sediment–water interface where oxygen consumption occurs. In all lakes, lower in situ oxygen depletion than in incubation measurements points toward increasing anoxia in the lower water column depressing loss rates. In Toolik, oxygen loss during early winter was less in years with minimal snow cover. Penetrative convection occurred, which could mix downwards oxygen produced by photosynthesis or excluded during ice formation. Estimates of these terms exceeded photosynthesis measured in sediment incubations. Modeling under ice‐oxygen dynamics requires consideration of optical properties and biological and transport processes that modify oxygen concentrations and distributions.
Tribological properties of hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles as a lubricating grease additive
Authors: Cheng Yu , Bu Yingbin , Guan Pengxi , Yang Yujie , Qing Jianbo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe friction and anti‐wear behaviours of hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) nanoparticles as a lithium lubricating grease additive are being investigated under sliding conditions. The grease with 3 wt% 60 nm h‐BN particles and the grease with 1 wt% 500 nm h‐BN particles lead to 22.34% and 20.18% reductions in the wear scar diameter, respectively, although the friction coefficients slightly decrease. The boric acid H3BO3 with layer‐crystal structure produces during the friction process, and the synergistic effect of h‐BN nanoparticles and H3BO3 makes friction reduction and wear‐resistant enhancement. Furthermore, the 60 nm h‐BN particles filled in the asperity valleys of the friction surface make a rolling effect and establish a protective film, while the 500 nm h‐BN particles shield the asperity contact between friction pairs and make a polishing effect as well.
Acquired Stuttering in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Gooch Eloïse A. , Horne Kyla‐Louise , Melzer Tracy R. , McAuliffe Megan J. , MacAskill Michael , Dalrymple‐Alford John C. , Anderson Tim J. , Theys Catherine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease frequently causes communication impairments, but knowledge about the occurrence of new‐onset stuttering is limited.ObjectivesTo determine the presence of acquired neurogenic stuttering and its relationship with cognitive and motor functioning in individuals with Parkinson's disease.MethodConversation, picture description, and reading samples were collected from 100 people with Parkinson's disease and 25 controls to identify the presence of stuttered disfluencies (SD) and their association with neuropsychological test performance and motor function.ResultsParticipants with Parkinson's disease presented with twice as many stuttered disfluencies during conversation (2.2% ± 1.8%SD) compared to control participants (1.2% ± 1.2%SD; P < 0.01). 21% of people with Parkinson's disease (n = 20/94) met the diagnostic criterion for stuttering, compared with 1/25 controls. Stuttered disfluencies also differed significantly across speech tasks, with more disfluencies during conversation compared to reading (P < 0.01). Stuttered disfluencies in those with Parkinson's disease were associated with longer time since disease onset (P < 0.01), higher levodopa equivalent dosage (P < 0.01), and lower cognitive (P < 0.01) and motor scores (P < 0.01).ConclusionOne in five participants with Parkinson's disease presented with acquired neurogenic stuttering, suggesting that speech disfluency assessment, monitoring and intervention should be part of standard care. Conversation was the most informative task for identifying stuttered disfluencies. The frequency of stuttered disfluencies was higher in participants with worse motor functioning, and lower cognitive functioning. This challenges previous suggestions that the development of stuttered disfluencies in Parkinson's disease has purely a motoric basis.
Reduced Interoception Abilities in Patients with Restless Legs Syndrome
Authors: Sandri Angela , Mingolla Gloria Pompea , Camonita Giorgia , Lippolis Marianna , Tinazzi Michele , Antelmi Elena 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a complex sensorimotor disorder occurring with a typical circadian fashion. Association with additional features, like alexithymia and nocturnal compulsive behaviors further complicates the framework.ObjectivesTo assess interoception in RLS.MethodsA total of 25 RLS patients and 28 controls underwent the heartbeat tracking task (interoceptive accuracy [IAC]). RLS symptoms’ frequency, disturbance and duration, nocturnal behaviors, interoceptive awareness (IAW), alexithymia, depressive and anxiety symptoms were also collected.ResultsRLS patients showed significant lower IAC (P = 0.0003) and IAW (P = 0.012), and reported more nocturnal eating behaviors (P < 0.001). IAC positively correlated with IAW (R = 0.32), and negatively correlated with age (R = −0.58). Nocturnal eating behavior negatively correlated with IAC (R = −0.44) and IAW (R = −0.50).ConclusionsRLS patients presented reduced interoceptive abilities correlating with higher nocturnal eating behaviors. Future studies are needed to explore the role of interoception in RLS pathophysiology, also in relation to other sensorimotor aspects.
A narrow‐band overmoded rectangular waveguide filter for high‐power microwaves (HPMs)
Authors: Li Meiling , He Wensi , Zheng Qi , Yang Xuexia , Yi Zixuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn overmoded rectangular waveguide filter with the advantages of narrowband and high power is presented in this paper. The transmission efficiency of each mode in the filter is analyzed based on mode‐matching techniques and optimized by combining it with the calculation method. Due to the overmoded waveguide and direct coupling topology, the designed structure has characteristics of narrowband and high power. The overall size of the proposed filter is only 17.45 × 36.20 × 126.67 mm3 (0.54λ0 × 1.12λ0 × 3.93λ0, λ0 is the wavelength of the center frequency in free space). The test results match well with the simulated ones and they both show that the transmission efficiency of TE10 mode is higher than 99.77%. Meanwhile, the proposed filter achieves 1% fractional bandwidth and 134.5 kW power capacity, which reveals that the filter has both narrow‐band and high‐power characteristics. The designed filter would be an attractive candidate for HPM systems.
A Novel Low‐profile Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna with enhanced gain for 5G New Radio band applications
Authors: Parvathi Vusa Lakshmi , Rajput Anil , Raut Rajesh B. , Mukherjee Biswajeet 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA wideband low‐profile chamfered rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) with high gain is proposed for sub‐6 GHz 5G new radio band applications. RDRA is excited with microstrip cross‐slot aperture coupling which is employed on the substrate. The dielectric resonator antenna with low‐profile produces unwanted back radiation. The reflector placed at the bottom side of the RDRA is accountable for gain improvement on boresight direction by reducing back radiation. Slits, introduced on the copper layer, help to control the phase difference between direct waves and reflected waves. A rectangular stub is added to microstrip feed to enhance the impedance matching between excitation port and the antenna. The proposed antenna offers 2.74–4.35 GHz impedance bandwidth and 9.1 dBi peak gain. The proposed design is fabricated and experimentally verified.
A miniaturized filter design approach using GMDH neural networks
Authors: Sattari Mohammad Amir , Hayati Mohsen , Shama Farzin , Shah‐Ebrahimi Seyed Maziar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA miniaturized microstrip low‐pass filter (LPF) has been designed and fabricated using semicircular‐shaped resonators. The designing procedures as well as the LC equivalent circuit of each step have been reported. Due to the small size of the presented filter, flat group delay in the pass‐band, low insertion loss (IL), and high return loss (RL) in operational frequency. By producing adjusted transmission zeros (TZs), the second to fourth unwanted harmonics were attenuated using the proposed LPF. The machine learning approach has been utilized to adjustment of the filter parameters. The 3 dB cut‐off frequency (Fc), TZs, IL, and RL were predicted using the group method of data handling neural network (GMDHNN). Ninety simulations were performed with different inductor and capacitor values. The collected data were used for neural network training. The GMDHNN can diagnose the efficient inputs, so this feature was applied to determine the efficient L and C elements on TZs, Fc, IL, and RL. Finally, the fabricated filter results are well‐matched with the simulation ones. IL and RL of the suggested filter in operational frequency are −0.09 and −17.26 dB, respectively. The total filter size is only 14.65 mm × 3.5 mm.
Bioökonomie in Japan: Bioschmieden und Handwerkskunst
Authors: Schmid Rolf 
Published: April 2023

AbstractJapan setzt auf Mikroorganismen, Pflanzen und bessere Produktionsverfahren. Zudem soll eine Infrastruktur Unternehmen, Wissenschaft und staatliche Stellen verbinden, um mehr Biotechverfahren zu entwickeln.
Conserved and variable heat stress responses of the Heat Shock Factor transcription factor family in maize and Setaria viridis
Authors: Myers Zachary A. , Wootan Clair M. , Liang Zhikai , Zhou Peng , Engelhorn Julia , Hartwig Thomas , Nathan Springer M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Heat Shock Factor (HSF) transcription factor family is a central and required component of plant heat stress responses and acquired thermotolerance. The HSF family has dramatically expanded in plant lineages, often including a repertoire of 20 or more genes. Here we assess and compare the composition, heat responsiveness, and chromatin profiles of the HSF families in maize and Setaria viridis (Setaria), two model C4 panicoid grasses. Both species encode a similar number of HSFs, and examples of both conserved and variable expression responses to a heat stress event were observed between the two species. Chromatin accessibility and genome‐wide DNA‐binding profiles were generated to assess the chromatin of HSF family members with distinct responses to heat stress. We observed significant variability for both chromatin accessibility and promoter occupancy within similarly regulated sets of HSFs between Setaria and maize, as well as between syntenic pairs of maize HSFs retained following its most recent genome duplication event. Additionally, we observed the widespread presence of TF binding at HSF promoters in control conditions, even at HSFs that are only expressed in response to heat stress. TF‐binding peaks were typically near putative HSF‐binding sites in HSFs upregulated in response to heat stress, but not in stable or not expressed HSFs. These observations collectively support a complex scenario of expansion and subfunctionalization within this transcription factor family and suggest that within‐family HSF transcriptional regulation is a conserved, defining feature of the family.
A metal‐dependent conformational change provides a structural basis for the inhibition of CTP synthase by gemcitabine‐5′‐triphosphate
Authors: McLeod Matthew J. , Tran Norman , McCluskey Gregory D. , Gillis Tom D. , Bearne Stephen L. , Holyoak Todd 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCTP synthases (CTPS) catalyze the de novo production of CTP using UTP, ATP, and l‐glutamine with the anticancer drug metabolite gemcitabine‐5′‐triphosphate (dF‐dCTP) being one of its most potent nucleotide inhibitors. To delineate the structural origins of this inhibition, we solved the structures of Escherichia coli CTPS (ecCTPS) in complex with CTP (2.0 Å), 2′‐ribo‐F‐dCTP (2.0 Å), 2′‐arabino‐F‐CTP (2.4 Å), dF‐dCTP (2.3 Å), dF‐dCTP and ADP (2.1 Å), and dF‐dCTP and ATP (2.1 Å). These structures revealed that the increased binding affinities observed for inhibitors bearing the 2′‐F‐arabino group (dF‐dCTP and F‐araCTP), relative to CTP and F‐dCTP, arise from interactions between the inhibitor's fluorine atom exploiting a conserved hydrophobic pocket formed by F227 and an interdigitating loop from an adjacent subunit (Q114‐V115‐I116). Intriguingly, crystal structures of ecCTPS•dF‐dCTP complexes in the presence of select monovalent and divalent cations demonstrated that the in crystallo tetrameric assembly of wild‐type ecCTPS was induced into a conformation similar to inhibitory ecCTPS filaments solely through the binding of Na+‐, Mg2+‐, or Mn2+•dF‐dCTP. However, in the presence of potassium, the dF‐dCTP‐bound structure is demetalated and in the low‐affinity, non‐filamentous conformation, like the conformation seen when bound to CTP and the other nucleotide analogues. Additionally, CTP can also induce the filament‐competent conformation linked to high‐affinity dF‐dCTP binding in the presence of high concentrations of Mg2+. This metal‐dependent, compacted CTP pocket conformation therefore furnishes the binding environment responsible for the tight binding of dF‐dCTP and provides insights for further inhibitor design.
Model‐based approach to identify predictors of paclitaxel‐induced myelosuppression in “real‐world” administration
Authors: Salem Ahmed M. , Dvergsten Erik , Karovic Sanja , Maitland Michael L. , Gopalakrishnan Mathangi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTaxanes are currently the most frequently used chemotherapeutic agents in cancer care, where real‐world use has focused on minimizing adverse events and standardizing the delivery. Myelosuppression is a well‐characterized, adverse pharmacodynamic effect of taxanes. Electronic health records (EHRs) comprise data collected during routine clinical care that include patients with heterogeneous demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics. Application of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling to EHR data promises new insights on the real‐world use of taxanes and strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes especially for populations who are typically excluded from clinical trials, including the elderly. This investigation: (i) leveraged previously published PK/PD models developed with clinical trial data and addressed challenges to fit EHR data, and (ii) evaluated predictors of paclitaxel‐induced myelosuppression. Relevant EHR data were collected from patients treated with paclitaxel‐containing chemotherapy at Inova Schar Cancer Institute between 2015 and 2019 (n = 405). Published PK models were used to simulate mean individual exposures of paclitaxel and carboplatin, which were linearly linked to absolute neutrophil count (ANC) using a published semiphysiologic myelosuppression model. Elderly patients (≥70 years) constituted 21.2% of the dataset and 2274 ANC measurements were included in the analysis. The PD parameters were estimated and matched previously reported values. The baseline ANC and chemotherapy regimen were significant predictors of paclitaxel‐induced myelosuppression. The nadir ANC and use of supportive treatments, such as growth factors and antimicrobials, were consistent across age quantiles suggesting age had no effect on paclitaxel‐induced myelosuppression. In conclusion, EHR data could complement clinical trial data in answering key therapeutic questions.
Modeling Alzheimer's disease progression utilizing clinical trial and ADNI data to predict longitudinal trajectory of CDR‐SB
Authors: Jamalian Samira , Dolton Michael , Chanu Pascal , Ramakrishnan Vidya , Franco Yesenia , Wildsmith Kristin , Manser Paul , Teng Edmond , Jin Jin Y. , Quartino Angelica , Hsu Joy C. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere is strong interest in developing predictive models to better understand individual heterogeneity and disease progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have built upon previous longitudinal AD progression models, using a nonlinear, mixed‐effect modeling approach to predict Clinical Dementia Rating Scale – Sum of Boxes (CDR‐SB) progression. Data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (observational study) and placebo arms from four interventional trials (N = 1093) were used for model building. The placebo arms from two additional interventional trials (N = 805) were used for external model validation. In this modeling framework, CDR‐SB progression over the disease trajectory timescale was obtained for each participant by estimating disease onset time (DOT). Disease progression following DOT was described by both global progression rate (RATE) and individual progression rate (α). Baseline Mini‐Mental State Examination and CDR‐SB scores described the interindividual variabilities in DOT and α well. This model successfully predicted outcomes in the external validation datasets, supporting its suitability for prospective prediction and use in design of future trials. By predicting individual participants' disease progression trajectories using baseline characteristics and comparing these against the observed responses to new agents, the model can help assess treatment effects and support decision making for future trials.
Silibinin attenuated pseudo‐allergic reactions and mast cell degranulation via PLCγ and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Yuejin , Hu Shiting , Dang Baowen , Zhang Yonghui , Zheng Guodong , Zhao Chenrui , Huang Yihan , Zhang Tao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAnaphylaxis is a type of potentially fatal hypersensitivity reaction resulting from the activation of mast cells. Many endogenous or exogenous factors could cause this reaction. Silibinin is the main chemical component of silymarin and has been reported to have pharmacological activities. However, the anti‐allergic reaction effect of silibinin has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of silibinin to attenuate pseudo‐allergic reactions in vivo and to investigate the underlying mechanism in vitro. In this study, calcium imaging was used to assess Ca2+ mobilization. The levels of cytokines and chemokines, released by stimulated mast cells, were measured using enzyme immunoassay kits. The activity of silibinin was evaluated in a mouse model of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). Western blotting was used to explore the related molecular signaling pathways. In results, silibinin markedly inhibited mast cell degranulation, calcium mobilization, and preventing the release of cytokines and chemokines in a dose‐dependent manner via the PLCγ and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Silibinin also attenuated PCA in a dose‐dependent manner. In summary, silibinin has an anti‐pseudo‐allergic pharmacological activity, which makes it a potential candidate for the development of a novel agent to arrest pseudo‐allergic reactions.
Lonicerin alleviates the progression of experimental rheumatoid arthritis by downregulating M1 macrophages through the NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Yang Xiaojiang , Qian Hong , Meng Jia , Jiang Hui , Yuan Tao , Yang Shaoqiang , Luo Yibin , Bao Ninrong , Zhao Jianning , Wang Dongsheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate anti‐rheumatoid arthritis (RA) effect of Lonicerin (LON), a safe compound with anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Nevertheless, the exact role of LON in RA remains elusive. In this test, the anti‐RA effect of LON was evaluated in collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. Relevant parameters were measured during the experiment; ankle tissue and serum were collected at the end of the experiment for radiology, histopathology, and inflammation analysis. ELISA, qRT‐PCR, immunofluorescence, and western blot were used to explore the effect of LON on the polarization of macrophages and related signal pathways. It was discovered that LON treatment attenuated the disease progression of CIA mice with lower paw swelling, clinical score, mobility, and inflammatory response. LON treatment significantly decreased M1 marker levels in CIA mice and LPS/IFN‐γ‐induced RAW264.7 cells, while slightly increasing M2 marker levels in CIA mice and IL‐4‐induced RAW264.7 cells. Mechanistically, LON attenuated the activation of the NF‐κB signaling pathway, which contributes to M1 macrophage polarization and inflammasome activation. In addition, LON inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in M1 macrophages, thereby reducing inflammation by inhibiting IL‐1β and IL‐18 release. These results indicated that LON might exert anti‐RA effects by regulating the polarization of M1/M2 macrophage, especially by inhibiting macrophage polarization toward M1.