bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐specific severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in February 2020 to June 2021 in the Netherlands
Authors: de Boer Pieter T. , van de Kassteele Jan , Vos Eric R. A. , van Asten Liselotte , Dongelmans Dave A. , van Gageldonk‐Lafeber Arianne B. , den Hartog Gerco , Hofhuis Agnetha , van der Klis Fiona , de Lange Dylan W. , Stoeldraijer Lenny ,   the RIVM COVID‐19 epidemiology and surveillance team, de Melker Hester E. , Geubbels Eveline , van den Hof Susan , Wallinga Jacco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe severity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection varies with age and time. Here, we quantify how age‐specific risks of hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and death upon infection changed from February 2020 to June 2021 in the Netherlands.MethodsA series of large representative serology surveys allowed us to estimate age‐specific numbers of infections in three epidemic periods (late‐February 2020 to mid‐June 2020, mid‐June 2020 to mid‐February 2021, and mid‐February 2021 to late‐June 2021). We accounted for reinfections and breakthrough infections. Severity measures were obtained by combining infection numbers with age‐specific numbers of hospitalization, ICU admission, and excess all‐cause deaths.ResultsThere was an accelerating, almost exponential, increase in severity with age in each period. The rate of increase with age was the highest for death and the lowest for hospitalization. In late‐February 2020 to mid‐June 2020, the overall risk of hospitalization upon infection was 1.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–1.8%), the risk of ICU admission was 0.36% (95% CI: 0.31–0.42%), and the risk of death was 1.2% (95% CI: 1.0–1.4%). The risk of hospitalization was significantly increased in mid‐June 2020 to mid‐February 2021, while the risk of ICU admission remained stable over time. The risk of death decreased over time, with a significant drop among ≥70‐years‐olds in mid‐February 2021 to late‐June 2021; COVID‐19 vaccination started early January 2021.ConclusionWhereas the increase in severity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 with age remained stable, the risk of death upon infection decreased over time. A significant drop in risk of death among elderly coincided with the introduction of COVID‐19 vaccination.
Pore size regulation of BN fibers and its effect on tetracycline adsorption
Authors: Liu Zhaowei , Zhao Kang , Li Dan , Xing Guoxin , Tang Yufei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe environmental hazards caused by antibiotics are becoming more and more serious, especially tetracycline antibiotics, which not only destroy the water balance, but even threaten people's lives. Therefore, the hierarchical micro‐mesoporous boron nitride (BN) fibers with high adsorption capacity were prepared by in situ synthesis. The results indicated that the pore size extremes of the hierarchical micro‐mesoporous BN fibers were distributed at 1.2, 2.9, and 23.4 nm, and the total pore volume reached 0.295 cm3/g. Importantly, mesopores were conducive to diffusion while microporous structure was conducive to capture the tetracycline molecules. The maximum adsorption capacity of hierarchical porous BN fibers for tetracycline reached 870.29 mg/g, which was 1.99 times the maximum adsorption capacity reported in the existing literature. This was attributed to the synergistic enhancement between the mass transfer trapping effect and the intermolecular bonding in the BN fibers, which enabled the vertical adsorption of tetracycline molecules on the surface and between the layers of the BN molecules. In addition, the adsorption removal rate of the hierarchical porous BN for tetracycline was still as high as 99.93% after reusing five times. This hierarchical micro‐mesoporous BN fiber has broad application prospects in the fields of antibiotic adsorption and water purification.
A test of species' mobility hypothesis in ecological niche modelling
Authors: Feng Xiao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimEcological niche modelling (ENM) or species distribution modelling is increasingly used in decision‐making regarding land use and biodiversity conservation. Model accuracy is essential, but can be affected by modelling choices, including the critical and ubiquitous question of how to define a model training domain. Theories have suggested designing a training domain based on areas accessible to a species for improved model performance (here termed as species’ mobility hypothesis). However, we still lack direct quantitative evidence on whether this approach leads to optimal model performance. Here, I conducted a modelling experiment to investigate the species' mobility hypothesis.LocationNorth and South America.TaxonHummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae).MethodsThe modelling experiment was based on 87 hummingbird species. A series of spatial buffers (from 5 to 5000 km with varying intervals) were created around occurrences, where background points were sampled and used as input for model calibration. The models calibrated with spatial buffers were compared with models calibrated with training domains that considered areas accessible to species, using Boyce index and sensitivity, specificity and true skill statistics.ResultsModel performance increased when the size of the training domain was larger, although the model performance reached saturation when size of the training domain passed a certain threshold. The threshold varied by species and evaluation method and was generally estimated to be below 200 km. The model performance based on areas accessible to species was comparable (e.g. non‐significant difference in sensitivity) to the saturation performance of models when spatial buffers were used.Main conclusionsPositive evidence was found to support the species' mobility hypothesis that designing a training domain based on areas accessible to species could lead to optimal or near‐optimal model performance. When no information on the accessible area is available, modellers may use a tuning strategy to identify the size of the training domain for optimized model performance.
Practitioner Review: Neurobiological consequences of childhood maltreatment – clinical and therapeutic implications for practitioners
Authors: Samson Jacqueline A. , Newkirk Thatcher R. , Teicher Martin H. 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundChildhood maltreatment is one of the most important preventable risk factors for a wide variety of psychiatric disorders. Further, when psychiatric disorders emerge in maltreated individuals they typically do so at younger ages, with greater severity, more psychiatric comorbid conditions, and poorer response to established treatments, resulting in a more pernicious course with an increased risk for suicide. Practitioners treating children, adolescents, and young adults with psychiatric disorders will likely encounter the highest prevalence of clients with early‐onset maltreatment‐associated psychiatric disorders. These may be some of their most challenging cases.MethodIn this report, we explore key validated alterations in brain structure, function, and connectivity associated with exposure to childhood maltreatment as potential mechanisms behind their patients' clinical presentations.ResultsWe then summarize key behavioral presentations likely associated with neurobiological alterations and propose a toolkit of established trauma and skills‐based strategies that may help diminish symptoms and foster recovery. We also discuss how some of these alterations may serve as latent vulnerability factors for the possible development of future psychopathology.ConclusionsResearch on the neurobiological consequences of childhood adversity provides a vastly enriched biopsychosocial understanding of the developmental origins of health and pathology that will hopefully lead to fundamental advances in clinical psychology and psychiatry.
The maintenance of genetic diversity under host–parasite coevolution in finite, structured populations
Authors: Peters Madeline A. E. , Mideo Nicole , MacPherson Ailene 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
As a corollary to the Red Queen hypothesis, host–parasite coevolution has been hypothesized to maintain genetic variation in both species. Recent theoretical work, however, suggests that reciprocal natural selection alone is insufficient to maintain variation at individual loci. As highlighted by our brief review of the theoretical literature, models of host–parasite coevolution often vary along multiple axes (e.g. inclusion of ecological feedbacks or abiotic selection mosaics), complicating a comprehensive understanding of the effects of interacting evolutionary processes on diversity. Here we develop a series of comparable models to explore the effect of interactions between spatial structures and antagonistic coevolution on genetic diversity. Using a matching alleles model in finite populations connected by migration, we find that, in contrast to panmictic populations, coevolution in a spatially structured environment can maintain genetic variation relative to neutral expectations with migration alone. These results demonstrate that geographic structure is essential for understanding the effect of coevolution on biological diversity.
Abstract
Overview of the six matching alleles models considered and their main results for the maintenance of host genetic diversity. Bolded text in the top half of the figure indicates results in which coevolution maintained diversity, either transiently (relative to neutrality) or in the long term. The bottom half of the figure highlights model features, including host–parasite coevolution, spatial set-up and time scale. In the coevolutionary model, hosts and parasites undergo both extrinsic birth and death as well as death and subsequent birth resulting from successful infection. Geography is defined as one of three options: one patch, two patches with migration and island–mainland with migration. Time scale is either continuous or discrete, with models correspondingly specified as either Moran or Wright–Fisher models.
Toward global and national toxicity footprints
Authors: Leclerc Alexandra , Berthet Etienne , Stadler Konstantin , Wood Richard , Laurent Alexis 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEstimating comprehensive toxicity footprints, encompassing potential impacts of toxic releases from consumption on human health and ecosystems, remains challenging due to the absence of complete emission inventories and disaggregation in global economic sectors. This study proposes an integrative approach to evaluate the global toxicity footprint by combining multiple databases, inventorying methods gap‐filling/extrapolation techniques, and environmentally extended multi‐region input–output models. We incorporated industrial, residential, and agricultural emissions of 693 chemicals into air, water, and soil, assessing the toxicity footprints of 49 countries and regions and revealing the displacement of toxic impacts across regions and nations. Our results emphasize the significant sensitivity of emission inventories and toxicity footprints to the choice of extrapolation procedures in regionalized chemical inventory development. Despite considerable progress in consolidating emission data, major gaps persist in publicly available datasets, impeding accurate extrapolation of global pollutant releases and comprehensive analysis of toxicity footprints. Primary data require refinement, harmonization, and expansion to enhance toxicity footprints' accuracy, particularly concerning pesticide emissions and national Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers initiatives. This study offers crucial insights for national and regional policymakers, facilitating the creation of targeted regulations and incentives to mitigate toxic substances' environmental impact. Future research should prioritize developing input–output table projections, deriving forward‐looking time series of national emission inventories, and establishing absolute thresholds for toxic impacts within the framework of environmentally sustainable societies.
How the public perceives the “good nurse” in China: A content analysis of national newspapers
Authors: Chen Xiao , Du Yu , Shen Zhiyun , Qin Wei , Zhang Yuxia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionNewspapers are a predominant channel through which the Chinese public learns about nurses and the nursing profession. However, little nursing research has been performed in China to investigate the newspaper portrayal of nurses, and how the public perceives the role of nurses in the Chinese context is still an ambiguous phenomenon. This study aimed to clarify the public portrayals of nurses in China, and to analyze whether there are changes over time in news content related to nurses in the national newspapers.DesignA content analysis of the newspaper articles citing nurses that have been published since each newspaper was established.MethodWe selected two national daily newspapers as sources to systematically search for articles about nurses from 1949 to 2022. A coding instrument was developed to quantitatively extract the contents of the articles identified. Then, using a mixed methods approach, we analyzed newspaper content to show the roles of nurses presented to the public by the media.ResultsA total of 317 articles were analyzed. Nurses have been depicted with heterogeneous images in both newspapers with positive wordings and up to 28 types of public images. More than half of the articles portrayed two, three, or more types of images. Among the images of nurses identified, “overworked” appeared the most frequently, followed by “dedicated,” “philanthropic and benevolent,” and “with a sense of responsibility,” and then “technically skilled.” By analyzing the image of nurses in both newspapers over time, we found that images related to virtue have largely increased with time, while images about professionalism have decreased.ConclusionNursing continues to be depicted as a virtuous caregiving profession, often forgetting the wide need for knowledge, skill, and expertise required in the occupation. The public image of nurses portrayed in the national newspapers does not accurately match their actual roles.Clinical RelevanceThe public image of nurses portrayed in the national newspapers does not accurately match their actual roles. To actualize a professional role and increase social status of nurses, intentional image management is needed. Nursing schools, nursing associations, and nursing professionals should be more proactive in overcoming the stereotypical image portrayed of them and use the news media as a tool to invite attention from and dialogue with the public about the value of nursing to reframe the public's understanding of the expert role of the professional nurse in health care and to create a new and more professional image for nursing.
Should we be Conservative or Aggressive? SME Managers’ Responses in a Crisis and Long‐Term Firm Survival
Authors: Paeleman Ine , Vanacker Tom , Zahra Shaker A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPast research shows that during a crisis, managers of publicly‐held firms often adopt a ‘conservative’ approach focused on protecting the existing core of their firms by decreasing investments and hoarding precautionary cash. By doing so, managers decrease firms’ short‐term failure rates. However, the literature says little about how managers of private, Small and Medium‐sized Enterprises (SMEs) (should) act during a crisis. To address this question, we draw on the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory. Empirically, we use longitudinal data from 38,885 Belgian SMEs’ responses to the 2008–09 financial crisis. Consistent with our expectations, we find that an ‘aggressive’ approach focused on resource investment during the crisis decreases SMEs’ failure rates for up to a decade after the crisis. Further, younger SMEs, and especially those in industries with more growth opportunities, adopt aggressive approaches. Overall, the results show that SMEs need to be aggressive during the crisis to ensure their long‐term survival. Moreover, contrary to current depictions of younger SMEs as being vulnerable, and especially so in crises, our evidence highlights that they are surprisingly aggressive when being confronted with a crisis, relative to their older peers.
Hyaluronic acid injections for pain relief and functional improvement in patients with temporomandibular disorders: An umbrella review of systematic reviews
Authors: Agostini Francesco , Ferrillo Martina , Bernetti Andrea , Finamore Nikolaos , Mangone Massimiliano , Giudice Amerigo , Paoloni Marco , de Sire Alessandro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundTemporomandibular disorders (TMD) are the main cause of chronic facial pain, and intra‐articular (IA) injections of hyaluronic acid (HA) are commonly performed.ObjectivesThis umbrella review of systematic reviews aimed at analysing the effectiveness of HA injections on pain and functional outcomes in patients affected by TMD.MethodsPubMed, Cochrane Library and PEDro were systematically searched from inception until 17 January 2023 to identify systematic reviews evaluating the effects on pain and functional outcomes of HA IA injections. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022382586.ResultsOut of 316 papers suitable for title/abstract screening, 18 articles were included in the umbrella review. Thirteen studies included only randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). The included systematic reviews reported no statistically significant differences between HA and corticosteroids, whereas platelet derivates seem to have good results in pain relief. The literature did not show severe adverse events, except for mild pain in the site of injection. Concerning the quality assessment of the 18 systematic reviews, 2 (11.11%) had a high quality, 3 (16.67%) a moderate quality, 7 (38.89%) a low quality and 6 (33.33%) a critically low quality.ConclusionsTaken together, findings of this umbrella review showed intriguing effects of IA HA injections in terms of reduction of pain intensity and improvement of functioning in patients affected by TMD. Furthermore, there is no agreement on the effectiveness of a combination of arthrocentesis or arthroscopy with IA HA injections. Although the literature showed these positive results after IA HA injections, the overlapping of primary studies in the systematic reviews included might have affect our results, such as the very low quality of the papers. Thus, further RCTs are needed to confirm the efficacy of IA injections of HA on pain relief in patients with TMD.
Sleep–wake timing and chronotype in perinatal periods: longitudinal changes and associations with insomnia symptoms, sleep‐related impairment, and mood from pregnancy to 2 years postpartum
Authors: Verma Sumedha , Pinnington Donna M. , Manber Rachel , Bei Bei 
Published: August 2023

SummaryAcross the perinatal transition, existing research focuses mainly on significant changes in sleep duration and quality, neglecting sleep timing. This study investigated change trajectories of sleep timing and chronotype from late pregnancy to 2 years postpartum and examined longitudinal associations of chronotype with symptoms of insomnia, daytime sleep‐related impairment, and mood. Data were from a two‐arm randomised controlled trial testing parent‐focused wellbeing interventions. Participants were a community sample of nullipara without severe sleep/mental health conditions. Participants self‐reported bedtime, rise‐time, chronotype, insomnia symptoms, sleep‐related impairment, depression, and anxiety at seven time points: gestation Weeks 30 and 35, and postpartum Months 1.5, 3, 6, 12 and 24. Trajectories were estimated using mixed‐effects models with continuous time, quadratic splines, and a knot at childbirth, controlling for age and group allocation. A total of 163 participants (mean [SD] age 33.35 [3.42] years) took part. Bedtime and rise‐times delayed during late pregnancy (~8 and ~20 min, respectively) but became progressively earlier (~20 and ~60 min, respectively) over the 2 postpartum years. Chronotype became more eveningness in late pregnancy, and more morningness after childbirth, however changes were small. Controlling for sleep duration and efficiency, greater morningness was associated with significantly less symptoms of insomnia and sleep‐related impairment over time (all p < 0.001); longitudinal associations between chronotype and symptoms of depression and anxiety were non‐significant (all p > 0.65). Sleep–wake timing and chronotype became progressively earlier from pregnancy to 2 years postpartum. Morningness chronotype may be sleep‐protective during the transition from pregnancy to parenthood. Mechanisms underlying these associations require further research.
AhR may be involved in Th17 cell differentiation in chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Zhang Ruyi , Liu Huaie , Lin Jie , Ding Jie , You Jing , Geng Jiawei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTh17 cells which are crucial for host immunity have been demonstrated to increase HBV infection. However, the mechanism of the Th17 cell increase is unknown. Hence, the mechanism of Th17 cell enhancement is important to provide a theoretical foundation for chronic hepatitis B immunotherapy. This study included 15 instances in the healthy control (HC) and 15 cohorts in the chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Their CD4+T cells were isolated from their peripheral blood and then subjected to RNA transcriptome sequencing. Then, to identify target genes linked to Th17‐cell differentiation, DEGs associated with CHB were convergent with the Th17‐cell‐associated genes from the KEGG database. Hub genes of DEG and target genes linked to Th17 cells were analysed for correlation. The AhR‐related genes were located using the GeneMANIA database. To analyse the function of the genes, GO and KEGG pathways were employed. Protein–protein interaction network analysis employed the Metascape, STRING and Cytoscape databases. Finally, Western blotting and RT‐qPCR were used to validate AhR. A total of 348 differential genes were identified in CHB patients. CytoHubba was used for screening five hub genes associated with CHB: CXCL10, RACGAP1, TPX2, FN1 and GZMA. This study aimed to determine the mechanism of elevated Th17 cells in CHB. As a result, further investigation using the convergence of DGEs and Th17 cell‐related genes identified three target genes: AhR, HLA‐DQA1 and HLA‐DQB1, all of which were elevated in CHB. The three genes were primarily involved in immune response‐related processes, according to the GO enrichment analysis. Correlation analysis of CXCL10, RACGAP1, TPX2, FN1 and GZMA genes with AhR, HLA‐DQA1 and HLA‐DQB1 revealed that AhR was positively associated with CXCL10 and GZMA genes, which best respond to the severity of CHB disease. Combined with the role of AhR in Th17 cell differentiation, the genes AhR was chosen for confirmation by RT‐qPCR and WB in this study. The results showed that the CHB group had higher expression levels of AhR at both RT‐qPCR and WB levels. Furthermore, this study's findings revealed that AhR may contribute to the development of CHB by affecting the differentiation of Th17 cells.