bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Silyl Protecting Groups for the Synthesis of Carbon Nanohoops
Authors: Šolomek Tomáš , Kręcijasz Remigiusz B. , Malinčík Juraj 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of topological molecular nanocarbons, such as hoop-like [n]cycloparaphenylenes, requires the use of spatially prearranged, pro-aromatic units to overcome a build-up of large molecular strain in their curved structures. The used cyclohexadienyl units, however, contain tertiary alcohols that need protection to prevent side reactions until the aromatization step that affords the final curved hydrocarbon. Although alkyl and triethylsilyl groups have been successfully applied as protecting groups for this purpose, each suffers from specific drawbacks. Here, we explore the potential of sterically more crowded silyl groups, namely, tert-butyldimethylsilyl and triisopropylsilyl, as alternatives to the established protection strategies. We show that tert-butyldimethylsilyl can be easily installed and removed under mild conditions, displaying markedly higher resistance towards acids or bases than the triethylsilyl group used to date. Unlike in the case of alkyl groups, tert-butyldimethylsilyl also preserves a high stereoselectivity during the nucleophilic additions of ArLi. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both tert-butyldimethylsilyl and triethylsilyl groups can be installed on the same substrate, and that the latter be selectively deprotected. Thus, the high stereoselectivity, improved stability, and easy deprotection make tert-butyldimethylsilyl an excellent protecting group for the synthesis of carbon nanohoops.
A Preliminary Study on the Frequency of Influenza Infections during the Early 2022 Amid COVID-19 Epidemic in Libya
Authors: Alhudiri Inas M. , Saad Saad R. , Abusrewil Zakarya , Amer Asel O. , El Meshri Salah Edin , Bin Abdallah Mohamed Nasir , Elghazal Mohamed M. , Said Mohamed H. , Ebrahim Fawzi O. , Abusanina Mohamed S. , Ben Elfghi Mohammed , Abdusalam Mohamed M. , Elzagheid Adam 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background At the time of conducting this study, we were at the peak of the influenza season, and influenza vaccinations were not readily accessible throughout the country. Thus, predisposing many high-risk individuals to influenza infections in a time when coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was also highly circulating, and the emerging Omicron variant of concern was peaking in many countries worldwide.
Materials and Methods We conducted a brief survey to prospectively estimate the frequency of influenza A and B and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) in samples received at our laboratories at Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya, between December 1, 2021, and January 31, 2022, for patients complaining of respiratory symptoms using a multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-COV-2, influenza A and B, and RSV.
Results We analyzed nasopharyngeal swabs in viral transport media from 2,186 samples. About 27% (589/2186) of study patients tested positive for SARS-COV-2, 2.8% (61/2186) were positive for influenza A virus, 0.18% (4/2186) for influenza B virus, and 1.4% (31/2186) tested positive for RSV.
Conclusions These results revealed that along with COVID-19, influenza infections were also rising. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, the most significant concern is the development of an influenza outbreak in the upcoming months. Therefore, continuing annual influenza vaccination is critical to increasing population immunity. National influenza surveillance and testing should also be conducted. Furthermore, sequencing and antigenic characterization should be performed regularly. There is a need for continuous monitoring in national laboratories to detect any zoonotic cases and substantial viral evolution.
Rash and Gastrointestinal Dysfunction May Indicate Cardiac Involvement in Children with Multisystem Inflammatory System Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Pektaş Ayhan , Bükülmez Ayşegül , Çeleğen Mehmet , Eker İbrahim 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective This study aims to investigate the management of children diagnosed with “multisystem inflammatory syndrome” (MIS-C) potentially associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at a tertiary health center.
Methods This is a retrospective review of 34 children who were diagnosed with MIS-C at the pediatrics department of the study center from August 2021 to December 2021. Data related to age, sex, body mass index, vital findings, laboratory data, clinical symptoms, ultrasonography, and echocardiography findings were acquired from hospital records. Cardiac markers were compared with respect to clinical symptoms and imaging.
Results Fever (91.2%), rash (50%), and abdominal pain (44.1%) were the most observed symptoms. Echocardiography visualized mild mitral regurgitation in 12 patients (35.3%), pericardial effusion in 9 patients (26.5%), and mild coronary dilatation in 9 patients (26.5%). All patients received corticosteroids, whereas acetylsalicylic acid was prescribed in 29 patients (85.3%) and intravenous immunoglobulins were administered in 21 patients (61.8%). Serum probrain natriuretic peptide concentrations were significantly higher in MIS-C patients with rash than those without rash (9,592.2 ± 7,764.5 vs. 1,501.2 ± 1,385.4 pg/mL, p = 0.021). Serum troponin T concentrations were significantly higher in MIS-C patients with ileitis than those without ileitis (0.026 ± 0.024 vs. 0.008 ± 0.003 µg/L, p = 0.013). Serum troponin T concentrations were also significantly higher in MIS-C patients with pericardial effusion than those without pericardial effusion (0.022 ± 0.020 vs. 0.008 ± 0.007 µg/L, p = 0.036).
Conclusion The presence of rash and sonographic visualization of ileitis might act as signs for cardiac involvement in children exposed to COVID-19. To assess the cardiac involvement in MIS-C patients, cardiac enzymes should be measured and echocardiography examination should be performed.
Corporate governance of Islamic banks: a sustainable model to protect the participatory depositor?
Authors: Franzoni Simona , Ait Allali Asma 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe religious principles that characterize the Islamic bank have direct consequences on the models of Corporate Governance which, at the same time, must be in accordance with national and international regulations and best practices. The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of the participatory depositor in the Corporate Governance Models of the Islamic Bank, a special category of stakeholder that entrusts their savings to the Islamic Bank on the basis of the Profit and Loss Sharing principle. In the present study the models of Corporate Governance of the Islamic Bank, with regard to the protection of the interests of the participatory depositor, are analyzed through a comparative analysis of the regulations of the following Countries, Malaysia and Morocco. The objective is to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the protection of the interests of affected stakeholders in order to verify the presence of a sustainable model of Corporate Governance, namely if the participatory depositor needs more guarantees than other categories of stakeholders.
Evaluating the Contribution of Complex International Research-for-Development Programmes to the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Lu-Gonzales Arlene , Tsusaka Takuji W. , Szabo Sylvia , Kadigi Reuben M. J. , Foglietti Camilla Blasi , Park Seree , Matthews Zoe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhile evaluation of research-to-policy projects is a fundamental aspect of measuring the impact of new knowledge, limited studies have examined evaluation methods in such projects, as well as how the evaluation can generate learning to facilitate the progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study conducted a systematic literature review and found that the most commonly used methods for SDG contribution evaluation were Analytical Hierarchy Process (40.4%), Fuzzy TOPSIS (13.2%) and ELECTRE and SPADE Methodology (3.5% each). Ranking analysis was undertaken to determine priorities among the six “Big Wins” as defined for the UKRI-GCRF Trade Hub Project, as a case, where the ranking was exercised by the project partners across the globe. Results revealed that “nature and social factors” was better considered in international trade agreements as the priority (36.4%) among others. Moreover, among the four “mechanisms” of the project, “knowledge, networks, and connectivity” was ranked as the top priority (56.9%), followed by “capacity building” (28.5%), “metrics, tools and models” (7.2%), and “improving the knowledge base” (4.6%). Mapping and evaluation revealed that the Big Wins of the Trade Hub contributed to ten out of the 17 SDGs. The most fulfilled goals were SDG 12 (Sustainable Consumption and Production), SDG 15 (Life on Land), and SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) in descending order. Furthermore, interaction analysis of the core SDGs revealed both synergy and tradeoff between different outputs. The research articles reviewed for this paper showed no gold standard framework for assessing international development projects against the SDGs. Further research should develop a tool to capture holistic and synergistic contributions of the target outcomes of projects to sustainable development.
Interface formation and Schottky barrier height for Y, Nb, Au, and Pt on Ge as determined by hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Rumaiz Abdul K. , Weiland Conan , Harding Ian , Nooman Neha S. , Krings Thomas , Hull Ethan L. , Giacomini Gabriele , Chen Wei , Cockayne Eric , Siddons D. Peter , Woicik Joseph C. 
Published: January 2023

Development of a robust, thin, hole-blocking (n+) contact on high purity germanium (HPGe) has been the main challenge in the development of Ge-based radiation sensors. Yttrium has been reported to be a viable hole-blocking contact on HPGe, and detectors with low leakage have been fabricated. Niobium has also been considered as a potential hole-blocking contact due to its low work function. Here, we investigate interface chemistry and the Schottky barrier height of Y and Nb, as well as electron-blocking contacts Au and Pt, on Ge(100) surfaces using hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We find a barrier height of 1.05 ± 0.10 eV for Y/HPGe, confirming the formation of a hole-blocking barrier. For Nb/HPGe, the barrier height of 0.13 ± 0.10 eV demonstrates that the interface is not hole-blocking. The Schottky barrier of Au and Pt was found to be 0.45 ± 0.10 and 0.51 ± 0.10 eV, respectively.
A transimpedance preamplifier using a feedforward approach for robust rejection of DC photogenerated currents
Authors: Masetti Ettore , Cattini Stefano , Rovati Luigi 
Published: January 2023

The preamplifier proposed in this paper is designed to extract weak variable photogenerated signals from a high-level continuous background ensuring low noise and high transimpedance gain. An efficient cancellation of the DC component directly at the photodetector output, exploiting a feedforward approach, allows us to properly amplify the variable signal components of interest avoiding saturation of the preamplifier. Furthermore, the large transimpedance gain allows for minimizing the effects of the noise introduced by the following stages on the signal processing chain. In the paper, we present the proposed approach and a possible circuit realization with a signal AC/DC ratio as small as 1/1000 ensuring low noise, high gain, and a considerable bandwidth. The realized preamplifier offers a Noise Equivalent Power NEP ≃ 1.12 nW, an in-band transimpedance gain of 4.4 MΩ, and a wide bandwidth from about 1 Hz up to 100 kHz, making it suitable for use in several applications both in biomedical and industrial fields.
Design of LDO circuit based on curvature compensation reference closed-loop stability
Authors: Ren Sheng-Le , Ren Ming-Yuan , Gao Tian-Hang 
Published: January 2023

In this paper, a low dropout (LDO) circuit based on a curvature compensation benchmark and closed-loop stability is designed. This circuit compensates for the higher order term of VBE in a BJT through the subthreshold characteristic of MOSFET and achieves the effect of curvature compensation. The bandgap reference circuit provides a stable input voltage for the LDO circuit, while the source follower and adaptive bias circuit improve the response speed and closed-loop stability of the LDO circuit. The temperature drift coefficient of the bandgap circuit is 8.11 ppm/°C, the input voltage is 3–5 V, the output voltage is 2.8 V, and the linear adjustment rate is 0.22%.
Genetic analysis and identification of QTLs associated with yield-enhancing traits in Oryza sativa IR64 × Oryza glaberrima interspecific backcross populations
Authors: Bharamappanavara Muralidhara , Chikkahosahalli Manoj Appaiah , Patil Basavaraj Siddanagouda , Vijjeswarapu Ajitha , Anantha M. Siddaih , Ramappa Lokesha , Diwan Jayateertha , Nidagundi Jayaprakash Mohan , Mathada Umesh Rangappa , Talagunda Suma Chandrasekhara , Guddalahalli Lokesh Yellaiah , Byanna Rajanna , Rathod Santosha , Sundaram Raman Meenakshi , Subbarao Lella Venkata , Rapolu Mahender Kumar , Gireesh Channappa 
Published: January 2023

Context Broadening the gene pool of staple food crops by incorporating desirable genes from wild/relative species is way to achieve higher genetic gains. The African rice species Oryza glaberrima Steud. is a source of genes for genetic improvement of Oryza sativa L. to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Aim The study was undertaken to identify genomic regions associated with yield and yield-related traits in interspecific backcross mapping populations derived from variety IR64 (O. sativa indica) × O. glaberrima. Methods The BC1F2 and BC1F2:3 populations were phenotyped for days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of tillers, number of productive tillers, panicle length, spikelet fertility and grain yield under irrigated conditions. The BC1F2 population was genotyped with 99 genome-wide polymorphic SSR markers. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with yield-enhancing traits were identified through single marker analysis. Key results Significant genetic variability was observed with moderate to high heritability in mapping populations. Genotyping revealed the presence of segregation distortion and skewed genome composition. Single marker analysis identified 20 QTLs linked to the studied traits. A QTL linked to grain yield, qGY-4.1, derived from O. glaberrima was found in both populations with high phenotypic variance. The chromosome region around marker RM510 was identified as a QTL hotspot and putative candidate genes were identified. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that O. glaberrima can serve as a valuable genetic resource for genetic improvement of yield-enhancing traits in O. sativa cultivars. Implications The identified QTLs regions can be employed in molecular breeding. The promising introgression lines identified can be used as pre-breeding lines in future breeding programs.
Discrete Calderón problem with partial data
Authors: Lecaros Rodrigo , Ortega Jaime H , Pérez Ariel , De Teresa Luz 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this work, we are interested in analyzing the well-known Calderón problem, which is an inverse boundary value problem of determining a coefficient function of an elliptic partial differential equation from the knowledge of the associated Dirichlet-to-Neumann map on the boundary of a domain. We consider the discrete version of the Calderon inverse problem with partial boundary data; in particular, we establish logarithmic stability estimates for the discrete Calderón problem, in dimension

d
⩾
3

, for the discrete H
−r
-norm on the boundary under suitable a priori bounds. The proof of our main result is based on a new discrete Carleman estimate for the discrete Laplacian operator with boundary observations.
Measurement of the electric quadrupole amplitude in atomic thallium

6P1/2→6P3/2

transition using electromagnetically induced transparency
Authors: Chen Wei Ling , Hsu Wei Min , Wang Li Bang , Liu Yi Wei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We report on a measurement of the transition amplitude ratio χ of an electric quadrupole (

E
2

) to a magnetic dipole (

M
1

) of the

6

P

1

/

2

→
6

P

3

/

2

transition in atomic thallium. We utilized the electromagnetically induced transparency mechanism and the sideband-bridging technique to resolve the isotopic transitions and their hyperfine manifold. Our measurement gave

χ

205

=

0.2550
(
20
)
(
7
)

for 205Tl, and

χ

203

=
0.2532
(
73
)
(
7
)

for 203Tl, which was measured for the first time. Our results provide a reference point for the theoretical calculation of atomic structures, and new input for the long dispute on the atomic thallium parity non-conservation measurements.
Bearing fault diagnosis based on inverted Mel-scale frequency cepstral coefficients and deformable convolution networks
Authors: Zhao Yunji , Qin Baofu , Zhou Yuhang , Xu Xiaozhuo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the real-time test fault diagnosis algorithm based on deep learning, it is difficult to guarantee that the training and testing data come from the same time series distribution. Inconsistent distribution will lead to a decline in diagnostic performance. In addition, the convolutional neural network is limited by the fixed shape of its convolution kernel, which makes it difficult to fully extract the spatial constraint features between fault data. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a bearing fault diagnosis method based on inverted Mel-scale frequency cepstrum coefficients and deformable convolution networks. The core of traditional Mel-scale frequency cepstrum coefficients is to construct a non-uniformly distributed frequency-domain filter bank. It is characterized by the dense distribution of low-frequency regions and the sparse distribution of high-frequency regions. Considering that the features that can well characterize fault information are concentrated in the high-frequency part, we reconstruct the traditional Mel-scale frequency cepstrum coefficients filter bank and propose a feature extraction method of inverted Mel-scale frequency cepstrum coefficients. This method can obtain the frequency-domain characteristics of bearing vibration signals, highlight the fault information contained in the high-frequency region, and reduce the influence of time series distribution inconsistency between training samples and testing samples on the diagnosis accuracy. In order to further improve the spatial discrimination between different fault categories, the deformable convolution networks model is introduced to extract the spatial distribution information of fault features and improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis. Finally, two public data sets and data from an experimental platform verify that the method can achieve high-precision fault diagnosis, and that inverted Mel-scale Frequency cepstrum coefficients are effective in solving the problem of inconsistent distribution.
Research on nonlinear compensation scheme of yarn tension sensor using SAW devices based on SSA–SVR model
Authors: Liu Shoubing , Duan Songkai , Xing Renzhou , Lu Wenke 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The detection accuracy of a yarn tension sensor using surface acoustic wave devices has become increasingly important. We investigate a nonlinear compensation scheme based on sparrow search algorithm (SSA) and support vector regression (SVR) models to improve its detection accuracy, and the principle of SSA–SVR model and training method are also explored. We take the output frequency of the two sensors as input, the yarn tension applied to the working sensor as output, train an SSA–SVR model and use it for nonlinear compensation. We analyze and calculate the linearity, compensation accuracy and robustness of the SSA-SVR model, and compared it with the multiple regression model and BP neural network. The comparison results show that the SSA–SVR model has the best linearity, the highest compensation accuracy and the most robust. Finally, a novel nonlinear compensation scheme is proposed.
Lateral GeSn waveguide-based homojunction phototransistor for next-generation 2000 nm communication and sensing applications
Authors: Kumar Harshvardhan , Chen Qimiao , Tan Chuan Seng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This work reports a novel mid-infrared lateral Ge1 − x
Sn
x
(x = 6%) waveguide (WG)-based phototransistors (PTs) on a silicon platform. A lateral device structure is proposed to enhance the optical confinement factor and the optical power through the i-GeSn WG, thereby, increasing the optical responsivity of the PTs. The proposed devices are investigated using multiphysics simulation. The designed PTs are investigated in terms of the Gummel and output characteristics under both dark and illumination, 3 dB bandwidth, optical gain, and responsivity. The effect of lateral scaling on various figure-of-merits of PTs is also studied and in return, helps optimize the device structure to get the highest optical gain, responsivity, and 3 dB bandwidth at 2000 nm. The theoretically optimized PT achieves the maximum optical gain of 1650 and responsivity of about 308 A W−1 at 2000 nm, with

V

BE

=
0.3

V

and

V

CE

=
1

V

. In addition, the device exhibits a record-high 3 dB bandwidth of >55 GHz. Thus, the encouraging electrical and optical performance of the proposed PT manifests it as a great potential candidate for the 2000 nm band.
Electrical performance and noise assessment of vertical ferroelectric tunnel junction based SELBOX TFET
Authors: Ghosh Puja 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A novel vertical ferroelectric tunnel junction based TFET design with selective buried oxide (SELBOX) is proposed and analytically simulated. The tunneling area is augmented as the tunnel junction remains perpendicular to the channel direction. Moreover, the device drive current boosts up due to the incorporation of ferroelectric material at the tunnel junction along with the n+ pocket. OFF current is restrained at a lower value by releasing the OFF-state charge carriers through the gap in the buried oxide. Through systematic simulation the dimensions of the device architecture are optimized to study its impact on the electrical parameters and to exaggerate the current ratio. An enhanced ION/IOFF current ratio of 4.1 × 1013 with substantially minimum Subthreshold Swing (SS) of 39 mV/decade is achieved. Further, the affectability of different noise components on the device performance has been investigated considering a range of frequency. The proposed TFET design is benchmarked with other existing novel TFETs and is proved to be a better design with improved performance considering ON state current and SS.
Sequential single pion production explaining the dibaryon "d*(2380)" peak*
Authors: Molina R. , Ikeno Natsumi , Oset Eulogio 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this study, we investigate the two step sequential one pion production mechanism, that is,

followed by the fusion reaction

, to describe the

reaction with

in state

. In this reaction, a narrow peak identified with a "

" dibaryon has been previously observed. We discover that the second reaction step

is driven by a triangle singularity that determines the position of the peak of the reaction and the high strength of the cross section. The combined cross section of these two mechanisms produces a narrow peak with a position, width, and strength, that are compatible with experimental observations within the applied approximations made. This novel interpretation of the peak accomplished without invoking a dibaryon explains why this peak has remained undetected in other reactions.