bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventional versus Surgical Treatment of Degenerated Freestyle Prosthesis
Authors: Fedorov Denis , Bauernschmitt Robert , Grunebaum Jean-Pilippe , Bauer Stefan , Sodian Ralf , von Hodenberg Eberhard 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background Bioprosthetic stentless aortic valves may degenerate over time and will require replacement. This study aimed to evaluate early- and mid-term outcomes after isolated surgical redo aortic valve replacement (redo-SAVR) and transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation (TAVI-VIV) for degenerated stentless Freestyle bioprostheses.
Methods We reviewed records of 56 patients at a single center. Overall, 37 patients (66.1%) received TAVI-VIV and 19 (33.9%) received redo-SAVR.
Results Thirty-day survival was similar in both groups (100%). One-year survival was comparable between groups (97.3% in TAVI-VIV and 100% in redo-SAVR, p = 1.0). The difference in mid-term survival after adjusting for age and EuroScore II was not significant (p = 0.41). The incidence of pacemaker implantation after TAVI-VIV was higher than after redo-SAVR (19.4% vs. 0%, p = 0.08).
Conclusion The 30-day and 1-year survival rates after both procedures were outstanding, irrespective of baseline characteristics. Isolated redo-SAVR should be favored in young patients, as the pacemaker implantation rate is lower. TAVI-VIV for degenerated Freestyle prosthesis can be a method of choice in elderly patients and those with high operative risk.
Speech Understanding in Complex Environments by School-Age Children with Mild Bilateral or Unilateral Hearing Loss
Authors: Lewis Dawna E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNumerous studies have shown that children with mild bilateral (MBHL) or unilateral hearing loss (UHL) experience speech perception difficulties in poor acoustics. Much of the research in this area has been conducted via laboratory studies using speech-recognition tasks with a single talker and presentation via earphones and/or from a loudspeaker located directly in front of the listener. Real-world speech understanding is more complex, however, and these children may need to exert greater effort than their peers with normal hearing to understand speech, potentially impacting progress in a number of developmental areas. This article discusses issues and research relative to speech understanding in complex environments for children with MBHL or UHL and implications for real-world listening and understanding.
Quantifying Access to Speech in Children with Hearing Loss: The Influence of the Work of Pat Stelmachowicz on Measures of Audibility
Authors: Wiseman Kathryn B. , McCreery Ryan W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article reviews the research of Pat Stelmachowicz on traditional and novel measures for quantifying speech audibility (i.e., pure-tone average [PTA], the articulation/audibility index [AI], the speech intelligibility index, and auditory dosage) as predictors of speech perception and language outcomes in children. We discuss the limitations of using audiometric PTA as a predictor of perceptual outcomes in children and how Pat's research shed light on the importance of measures that characterize high-frequency audibility. We also discuss the AI, Pat's work on the calculation of the AI as a hearing aid outcome measure, and how this work led to the application of the speech intelligibility index as a clinically utilized measure of unaided and aided audibility. Finally, we describe a novel measure of audibility—auditory dosage—that was developed based on Pat's work on audibility and hearing aid use for children who are hard of hearing.
Ewing Sarcoma with Ganglion Cells Post-Chemotherapy: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Dhandapani Karthik , Gandhi Jahnavi , Gami Amisha 
Published: March 2023

Ewing sarcoma arises in both bones (most common) and soft tissues and it commonly affects young adults. The tumor is composed of small round cells showing positivity for CD99 and FLI1 on immunohistochemistry (IHC). We describe ganglion cell differentiation post-chemotherapy in Ewing sarcoma which is a rare phenomenon.A 13-year-old girl presented with a chest wall mass. On biopsy correlating with IHC, the diagnosis was rendered as Ewing sarcoma. She underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by resection of the tumor. On microscopic evaluation, the tumor showed prominent ganglionic differentiation with expression of neuronal markers.Although maturation post-chemotherapy is an established finding with better prognosis in other primitive pediatric tumors, such neural differentiation is rare with only a few case reports in Ewing sarcoma both post- and pre-chemotherapy. Clinical significance and prognosis of such differentiation which appear to be better are not yet established and needs to be elucidated.
Polysulfide cluster formation, surface reaction, and role of fluorinated additive on solid electrolyte interphase formation at sodium-metal anode for sodium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Singsen Sirisak , Hirunsit Pussana , Suthirakun Suwit , Balbuena Perla B. 
Published: March 2023

Room-temperature sodium–sulfur batteries are promising next-generation energy storage alternatives for electric vehicles and large-scale applications. However, they still suffer from critical issues such as polysulfide shuttling, which inhibit them from commercialization. In this work, using first-principles methods, we investigated the cluster formation of soluble Na2S8 molecules, the reductive decomposition of ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC), and the role of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additive in the solid electrolyte interphase formation on the Na anode. The clustering of Na2S8 in an EC solvent is found to be more favorable than in a PC solvent. In the presence of an electron-rich Na (001) surface, EC decomposition undergoes a two-electron transfer reaction with a barrier of 0.19 eV for a ring-opening process, whereas PC decomposition is difficult on the same surface. Although the reaction kinetics of an FEC ring opening in the EC and PC solvents are quite similar, the reaction mechanisms of the open FEC are found to be different in each solvent, although both lead to the production of NaF on the surface. The thick NaF layers reduce the extent of charge transfer to Na2S8 at the anode/electrolyte interface, thus decelerating the Na2S8 decomposition reaction. Our results provide an atomistic insight into the interfacial phenomena between the Na-metal anode surface and electrolyte media.
Thermodynamic properties study of polyoxometalate Na7[H2PV14O42]
Authors: Song Kun , Jin Xin , Lv Xiaodong , Xin Yuntao , Lv Xuewei 
Published: March 2023

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in electronic applications because of their high voltage, high specific energy, long lifespan, and other characteristics. Electrode materials have garnered interest as an indispensable component of LIBs. Na7[H2PV14O42] is used as an electrode material because of its excellent properties. In this study, Na7[H2PV14O42] was synthesized by the water bath method using NaVO3 as the raw material, experimentally characterized, and its thermodynamic data were measured using the Neumann–Kopp rule from 298.15 to 843 K, a Physical Property Measurement System from 15 to 309 K, and the MHTC 96 line from 473 to 773 K. The data were fitted to the Debye–Einstein heat capacity equation at low temperatures and a polynomial function at higher temperatures. The heat capacity equation of Na7[H2PV14O42] was obtained from the fitted curves. The corresponding enthalpy (▵298.15THm), entropy (▵298.15TSm), and Gibbs energy (▵298.15TGm) (from 298.15 to 800 K) were calculated according to the heat capacity equation. The obtained heat capacity of Na7[H2PV14O42], as a function of temperature, was modeled as Cp = 1502.30 + 0.27T − 2.44E7T−2 J mol−1 K−1 (473–773 K). This study can compensate for the thermodynamic deficiency of Na7[H2PV14O42].
A new setup for optical measurements under controlled environment
Authors: Moldarev Dmitrii , Komander Kristina , Holeňák Radek , Wolff Max , Primetzhofer Daniel 
Published: March 2023

We present a new analytical instrument for studying the optical properties of materials in different gaseous environments at room and controlled elevated temperatures. The system consists of a vacuum chamber, which is equipped with temperature and pressure controllers, a heating band, and a residual gas analyzer and is connected to a gas feeding line via a leak valve. Two transparent view ports located around a sample holder allow for optical transmission and pump-probe spectroscopy using an external optical setup. The capabilities of the setup are demonstrated by conducting two experiments. In the first experiment, we study the photodarkening and bleaching kinetics of photochromic oxygen-containing yttrium hydride thin films illuminated in ultra high-vacuum and correlate it with changes in partial pressures inside the vacuum chamber. In the second study, we investigate changes in the optical properties of a 50 nm V film upon hydrogen absorption.
Genome editing in rice: New paths for an old crop
Authors: Oliveira Nizolli Valeria , de Oliveira Victoria Freitas , da Maia Luciano Carlos , Pegoraro Camila , de Oliveira Antonio Costa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Rice is one of the most consumed cereals worldwide and feeds about 3 billion people. However, the occurrence of climate changes has influenced abiotic and biotic stresses and consequently affected the production and quality of rice grains. The development of new, higher yielding cultivars is necessary to ensure global food security. Although great progress has already been achieved by conventional breeding, biotechnological tools, such as transgenics and genome editing, can aid in meeting future demands. Gene editing is characterized by cutting and modifying target genes. Among the genome editing techniques, CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas), has been proposed because of its ease of manipulation. Variants such as multiple Cas proteins, base editing and prime editing, which aim to increase editing efficiency have also been proposed. Edited plants are more accepted because they are transgene-free. Thus, the objective of this review is to describe the different gene editing techniques and their respective applications in rice breeding. It was observed that the CRISPR/Cas tool was efficient in gene editing in studies related to yield, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and rice grain quality. However, the impact of this approach in breeding programs depends on the cultivation of edited plants on a large scale in the field. Based on the progress made so far, it is believed that rice breeders can bet on CRISPR/Cas and its variants to help face the current and future challenges of climate change and high food demand.
Late-time post-merger modeling of a compact binary: effects of relativity, r-process heating, and treatment of transport
Authors: Haddadi Milad , Duez Matthew D , Foucart Francois , Ramirez Teresita , Fernández Rodrigo , Knight Alexander L , Jesse Jerred , Hébert Francois , Kidder Lawrence E , Pfeiffer Harald P , Scheel Mark A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Detectable electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational waves from compact binary mergers can be produced by outflows from the black hole-accretion disk remnant during the first 10 s after the merger. Two-dimensional axisymmetric simulations with effective viscosity remain an efficient and informative way to model this late-time post-merger evolution. In addition to the inherent approximations of axisymmetry and modeling turbulent angular momentum transport by a viscosity, previous simulations often make other simplifications related to the treatment of the equation of state and turbulent transport effects. In this paper, we test the effect of these modeling choices. By evolving with the same viscosity the exact post-merger initial configuration previously evolved in Newtonian viscous hydrodynamics, we find that the Newtonian treatment provides a good estimate of the disk ejecta mass but underestimates the outflow velocity. We find that the inclusion of heavy nuclei causes a notable increase in ejecta mass. An approximate inclusion of r-process effects has a comparatively smaller effect, except for its designed effect on the composition. Diffusion of composition and entropy, modeling turbulent transport effects, has the overall effect of reducing ejecta mass and giving it a speed with lower average and more tightly-peaked distribution. Also, we find significant acceleration of outflow even at distances beyond 10 000 km, so that thermal wind velocities only asymptote beyond this radius and at higher values than often reported.
Weyl curvature evolution system for GR
Authors: Krasnov Kirill , Shaw Adam 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Starting from the chiral first-order pure connection formulation of General Relativity, we put the field equations of GR in a strikingly simple evolution system form. The two dynamical fields are a complex symmetric tracefree

3
×
3

matrix

Ψ

i
j

, which encodes the self-dual part of the Weyl curvature tensor, as well as a spatial

S
O

(
3
,

C

)

connection

A
a
i

. The right-hand sides of the evolution equations also contain the triad for the spatial metric, and this is constructed non-linearly from the field

Ψ

i
j

and the curvature of the spatial connection

A
a
i

. The evolution equations for this pair are first order in both time and spatial derivatives, and so simple that they could have been guessed without a computation. They are the most natural spin two generalisations of Maxwell’s spin one equations. We also determine the modifications of the evolution system needed to enforce the ‘constraint sweeping’, so that any possible numerical violation of the constraints present becomes propagating and gets removed from the computational grid.
Experimental study of medical isotopes 62,64Cu and 68Ga production using intense picosecond laser pulse
Authors: Cao Zongwei , Qi Wei , Lan Haoyang , Cui Bo , Zhang Xiaohui , Deng Zhigang , Zhang Zhimeng , Wang Guanlin , Zhang Liangqi , Li Xiankai , Yuan Yun , Li Xinxiang , Zhao Zongqing , Luo Wen , Zhou Weimin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Radioisotopes are indispensable agents in medical diagnosis and treatment, among which copper-62, 64 (62,64Cu) and gallium-68 (68Ga) are medical isotopes widely used in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Experiments that generate these radioisotopes via laser-induced photonuclear reactions were performed on the XingGuangIII laser facility of the Laser Fusion Research Center in Mianyang. High-charge (

Q

e

∼ 40 nC) MeV electron (e−
) beams were generated with 100 terawatts, picosecond laser pulses. The e−
beams were then impinged on a metal stack composed of Ta foil and activation plates (natural Cu and Ga2O3), producing high-energy bremsstrahlung x-rays and medical isotopes 62,64Cu and 68Ga, respectively. The characteristic emissions of the produced 62,64Cu and 68Ga were detected off-line , and the production yields of 62,64Cu and 68Ga were obtained to be of the order of 106 per laser shot. For electrons with energy higher than 8 MeV, the dependence of isotope production efficiency (per e−
) on electron temperature (

T

e

) is investigated through Geant4 simulations. It is found that the production efficiency increases with the

T

e

. At

T

e

∼ 10 MeV, the values are 10−4 for 62Cu and 2 × 10
−

5 for 68Ga, respectively. The prospect of producing the medical isotopes 62,64Cu and 68Ga are further evaluated using a table-top femtosecond laser system of high repetition. With a repetition rate of 100 Hz, their activity is expected to reach 0.2 GBq for 62Cu, 0.1 GBq for 64Cu and 0.05 GBq for 68Ga, respectively. Such activity would meet the required dose for clinical PET imaging, indicating the great potential to produce medical isotopes with an all-optical, high-repetition laser system.
Validation and verification of a quasi two-dimensional turbulence model and an eddy detection method for liquid metal magnetohydrodynamics flows
Authors: Suarez Daniel , Iraola Eduardo , Serrat Joaquim , de les Valls Elisabet Mas , Futatani Shimpei , Batet Lluis 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The flow of liquid metals in straight rectangular channels with an externally applied transverse magnetic field is considered for breeding blankets in tokamak fusion reactors. Under the tokamak magnetic field, the liquid metal experiences the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect that enhances the laminarization of the flow. In geometric singularities, or under certain flow conditions, the combination of Lorentz forces, momentum, and buoyant forces may trigger the formation of vortical structures. The generated vortices will align with the direction of the magnetic field, and therefore the use of a quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D) model is convenient to study them assuming that the walls are electrically insulating and the Hartmann number

Ha

=
B
L

σ

/

μ

is high enough. Using this model is computationally affordable, allowing extensive parametric analyses. To identify the presence of eddies in the two-dimensional domain, the application of the bi-dimensional fast Fourier transform (FFT2) is foreseen as an adequate detection method. This work presents a methodology to systematically calculate liquid metal MHD flows with a Q2D model and evaluate the formation of eddies in the flow domain. The work includes a description of the validation and verification of the Q2D MHD model and of the FFT2 method proposed to automatically identify eddies. The sensitivity of the detection method is analyzed to subsequently apply it in parametric analyses.
EHD flow auxiliary particle collection in HVDC electrostatic precipitator based on PIV flow visualization technology
Authors: Yan Dongjie , Zhang Xiaohai , Li Zhenqiang , Abbas Ghulam , Yu Ya , Zhang Ziang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is modified with the aid of an EHD flow in high voltage direct current (HVDC) to trap submicron-sized and ultra-high resistivity particles. In this study, the modified method for micron spherical silica was developed and optimized by particle image velocimetry (PIV) and numerical simulation. Meanwhile, scattering images of particle movement were obtained by laser and CCD camera. These results showed that the fine particles were driven by EHD flow towards the cavity. The D50 and D90 of particles measured by using the SYNC-type particle size analyzer inside the auxiliary dust removal cavity were 0.635 μm and 1.178 μm, which were much smaller than those of the particles deposited on the rear side of the cavity. The particle morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), which indicated that multi-layer particles were agglomerating on the surface of the plate electrodes. However, particles were distributed in loose mono-layer in the cavity with no obvious agglomeration. The results showed that the modified method improved the efficiency.
Wire grid polarizer based in-line laser interferometer for macroscopic and microscopic phase estimation of transmissive and reflective phase samples
Authors: Sengupta Chandan , Bhattacharya Kallol 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This work describes a full-field and near-common-path in-line laser interferometer and interferometric microscope utilizing a wire-grid polarizer (WGP) placed normally on the laser beam illuminating the sample. The WGP serves the dual purpose of a beam splitter and a polarization separator where the reference and sample beams reflected and transmitted from it respectively are orthogonally polarized so that, unlike other conventional interferometers, polarization phase shifting is inherent in its architecture. This arrangement presents experimental results showing quantitative phase analysis of transparent and reflecting phase samples.
Using double slit experiment based on Bohr complementarity principle to transmit information without media transmission from the information source to destination
Authors: Liu ChuangRui , Liu HanRui , Liu XinHua 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes information transmission without media transmission from the information source to destination based on Bohr complementarity principle. When a single photon passes through Young’s double-slit, its particle degree characteristics increase with the path distinguishability increasing. After single photon passes through double-slit, the photons propagation route is divided into two regions, the source region and the destination region. Keep the path distinguishability in the destination region unchanged. Distinguish or not distinguish the path information in the source region. The distribution of photons on each region will be different after single photons pass through double-slit. Use the laser trigger signal on the front optical path to confirm whether the photons detected at the destination region are valid photons, rather than photon information of the source region. Count the percentage of photons falling in the destination region in the photons passing through the double-slit, by pre-synchronizing to make particle degree characteristics of each photon similar in each period of time. This percentage can reveal the photon path distinguishability of the source region. The interference visibility of the fringe formed by valid photons detected at the destination region can achieve the target too.
Influence of dislocations on ionic conductivity and dendrite formation in solid electrolytes
Authors: Yasui Kyuichi , Hamamoto Koichi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In order to study the recently proposed strategy to tailor the electrical property of ceramics by the introduction of dislocations, numerical calculations are performed on the influence of parallel straight dislocations on ionic conductivity and dendrite formation in single-crystal solid electrolytes. If the diameter of a dislocation pipe is more than √2 times larger than the distance between neighboring dislocations, the ionic current density is nearly uniform on the electrode and the dendrite formation would be avoided. Furthermore, under the condition, the mean ionic conductivity is higher than that without dislocations by several orders of magnitude. It may be practically possible to increase the ionic conductivity by several orders of magnitude without dendrite formation by introducing appropriate dislocations because the required dislocation density in the order of 1017 m−2 has already been reported experimentally although the reports were not for metal oxides.
Merging black holes: assessing the performance of two analytic gravitational waves models
Authors: Buskirk Dillon , Babiuc Hamilton Maria C. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Merging black holes produce the loudest signal in the detectors.
However, this is the most difficult signal to accurately predict with analytical techniques.
Only computer simulations can account for the nonlinear physics during the collision, but they are inherently complex, costly, and affected by numerical errors.
In order to bypass this problem, two analytical models for the merger have been developed: the Implicit Rotating Source (IRS) and the newer Backwards one Body (BoB).
In this work, we assess the performance of the BoB model by comparing it with the older IRS model and with the numerical data, identifying its strengths and weaknesses.
Our main finding reveals discrepancies in amplitude, but overall excellent accord in frequency.
The BoB model is comparable with the IRS and NR simulations, having the added advantage that it depends only indirectly on numerical data, it accounts for spin, and it offers a seamless fit with the analytical formalisms for the inspiral.
By independently evaluating and testing those models, we bring evidence of their reproducibility, thus upholding high scientific standards, and make available our implementation, enabling readers to evaluate our results themselves.