bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of milk and grass composition from grazing Irish dairy herds with and without milk fat depression
Authors: Neville O. B. , Fahey A. G. , Mulligan F. J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
This study investigated the factors relating to pasture chemical and fatty acid (FA) composition that influence the milk fat percentage of spring calving, grazing dairy cows. The relationship between milk fat percentage and FA composition of the milk in these herds was also investigated.

Results
Milk protein percentage, milk casein percentage and cheddar cheese yield were increased in milk from HMF herds. Cows from LMF herds did not have negatively altered milk processability including rennet coagulation time (RCT), pH and ethanol stability. Crude protein, NDF, ADF, ether extract and total FA content of pasture was not different between LMF and HMF herds. Milk fat concentration of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) t10, c12 was not different between HMF and LMF herds. Pre-grazing herbage mass and pasture content of crude protein, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and total FA were similar between HMF and LMF herds. Pasture offered to LMF herds had a higher concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). A strong negative relationship (r = -0.40) was evident between milk fat percentage and pasture crude protein content for MMF herds (3.31–3.94% milk fat).

Conclusions
This research reports improved milk protein percentage, milk casein percentage and cheddar cheese yield from HMF herds compared to LMF herds. Milk processability was not impacted by low milk fat percentage. Pasture NDF and total fatty acid content was similar in HMF herds and LMF herds. Milk fat percentage had a strong negative association (r = -0.40) with pasture crude protein content in MMF herds (MF 3.31–3.94%). Correlation values between pasture chemical and FA composition and milk fat percentage in LMF herds and HMF herds were low, indicating that diet is not the only causative factor for variation in milk fat of grazing dairy cows. Comparison of milk fatty acid composition from herds with and without milk fat depression suggests that there may be other fatty acids apart from CLA t10, c12 that contribute to the inhibition of milk fat synthesis during milk fat depression in grazing herds.
A quantitative three-dimensional comparative study of alveolar bone changes and apical root resorption between clear aligners and fixed orthodontic appliances
Authors: Almagrami Ibtehal , Almashraqi Abeer A. , Almaqrami Bushra Sufyan , Mohamed Amin S. , Wafaie Khaled , Al-Balaa Maher , Qiao Yiqiang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the alveolar bone changes and to investigate the prevalence and severity of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) of maxillary incisors in patients who received treatment with clear aligners (CA) versus conventional fixed appliances (FA), using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods
One hundred sixty maxillary incisors from 40 patients with similar baseline characteristics based on the American Board of Orthodontics discrepancy index scores were divided into the CA and FA groups. The dentoalveolar quantitative changes were analyzed using pre- (T0) and post-treatment (T1) CBCT. The measured parameters included alveolar bone thickness (ABT), alveolar bone height (ABH), root length (OIIRR), and maxillary incisor inclinations.

Results
Post-treatment, the average palatal and total ABT significantly decreased in central and lateral incisors in the FA group. In contrast, the CA group’s average labial ABT of the lateral incisors decreased considerably. Regarding the ABH, both groups showed significant labial and palatal marginal bone resorption. In both groups, root lengths significantly decreased after treatment (p < 0.005). The inter-group comparison revealed that ABT and root length had significantly decreased in the FA group compared to the CA group, while the ABH showed no significant difference between the two groups. The mean absolute reductions of ABT and OIIRR in the CA group were significantly less (− 0.01 ± 0.89 and 0.31 ± 0.42) than those in the FA group (0.20 ± 0.82 and 0.68 ± 0.97), respectively.

Conclusions
CA and FA treatments appear to cause a significant ABT reduction and a statistically significant increased OIIRR in the maxillary incisor region, with a greater extent expected with FA treatment. However, the increased OIIRR values in the majority of both groups’ cases were not clinically significant. Both treatment modalities resulted in a significant ABH reduction, with the highest found in the labial side of lateral incisors in the CA group.
China’s decarbonization requires achievable deep underground research facilities
Authors: Chu Zhaoxiang , Wang Yiming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis letter introduces the founding of a new Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory-DUSEL in China, the distinguishing feature of which is focusing on the key scientific issue on the law of fluid matter migration within the Earth’s Critical Zone in geoscience. Various technical, economic, and social challenges were elucidated. The achievements of this facility and thereby ambitious research may provide essential solutions to both energy transition and climate security, and then bolster support for decarbonization of China’s energy sector, finally helping attain its double carbon’ goal.
Graphical Abstract
PAHs, hydrocarbons, and dimethylsulfides in Asteroid Ryugu samples A0106 and C0107 and the Orgueil (CI1) meteorite
Authors: Aponte José C. , Dworkin Jason P. , Glavin Daniel P. , Elsila Jamie E. , Parker Eric T. , McLain Hannah L. , Naraoka Hiroshi , Okazaki Ryuji , Takano Yoshinori , Tachibana Shogo , Dong Guannan , Zeichner Sarah S. , Eiler John M. , Yurimoto Hisayoshi , Nakamura Tomoki , Yabuta Hikaru , Terui Fuyuto , Noguchi Takaaki , Sakamoto Kanako , Yada Toru , Nishimura Masahiro , Nakato Aiko , Miyazaki Akiko , Yogata Kasumi , Abe Masanao , Okada Tatsuaki , Usui Tomohiro , Yoshikawa Makoto , Saiki Takanao , Tanaka Satoshi , Nakazawa Satoru , Tsuda Yuichi , Watanabe Sei-ichiro ,   The Hayabusa2-initial-analysis SOM team,   The Hayabusa2-initial-analysis core team
Published: February 2023

AbstractEvaluating the molecular distribution of organic compounds in pristine extraterrestrial materials is cornerstone to understanding the abiotic synthesis of organics and allows us to better understand the molecular diversity available during the formation of our solar system and before the origins of life on Earth. In this work, we identify multiple organic compounds in solvent extracts of asteroid Ryugu samples A0106 and C0107 and the Orgueil meteorite using two-dimensional gas chromatography and time-of-flight high resolution mass spectrometry (GC×GC–HRMS). Our analyses found similarities between the molecular distribution of organic compounds in Ryugu and the CI carbonaceous chondrite Orgueil. Specifically, several PAHs and organosulfides were found in Ryugu and Orgueil suggesting an interstellar and parent body origin for these compounds. We also evaluated the common relationship between Ryugu, Orgueil, and comets, such as Wild-2; however, until comprehensive compound-specific isotopic analyses for these organic species are undertaken, and until the effects of parent body processes and Earth’s weathering processes on meteoritic organics are better understood, their parent–daughter relationships will remain unanswered. Finally, the study of organic compounds in Ryugu samples and the curation practices for the future preservation of these unvaluable materials are also of special interest for future sample return missions, including NASA’s OSIRIS-REx asteroid sample return mission.
Graphical Abstract
Patient with suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection with successful emergency surgery for ulcerative colitis-associated toxic megacolon
Authors: Hayashi Hirokatsu , Tajima Jesse Yu , Yokoi Ryoma , Sato Yuta , Kiyama Shigeru , Takahashi Takao , Okumura Naoki , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Ibuka Takashi , Kumada Keisuke , Shimizu Masahito , Matsuhashi Nobuhisa 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
In patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis with concomitant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the treatment strategy should consider the presence of pneumonia, respiratory status, and the severity of the ulcerative colitis (UC). We report a case of a 59-year-old man with SARS-CoV-2 infection who was diagnosed with toxic megacolon caused by UC.

Case presentation
Preoperative computed tomography scanning of the chest showed ground-glass opacities. The patient was treated conservatively until the pneumonia improved, but developed bleeding and liver dysfunction associated with UC. As the patient’s condition worsened, emergency surgery with subtotal colorectal resection, ileostomy, and rectal mucous fistula creation was performed while undertaking adequate infection control measures. Intraoperatively, contaminated ascites was observed, and the intestinal tract was markedly dilated and fragile. Nevertheless, the postoperative outcome was positive, with no pulmonary complications. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 77.

Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic presented challenges in surgical scheduling. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection required close monitoring for postoperative pulmonary complications.
Importance of intraoperative indocyanine green imaging in the management of non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia: a case report
Authors: Miyashita Ryohei , Kitazawa Masato , Tokumaru Shigeo , Nakamura Satoshi , Koyama Makoto , Yamamoto Yuta , Hondo Nao , Miyazaki Satoru , Soejima Yuji 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Non-obstructive intestinal ischemia (NOMI) is caused by intestinal vascular spasm and has a poor prognosis if not diagnosed and treated early. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging has been reported to be useful for the intraoperative assessment of the extent of intestinal resection required for NOMI. Few reports have described massive intestinal bleeding after conservative management of NOMI. We report a case of NOMI with massive postoperative bleeding from the site of an ICG contrast defect found before the initial surgery.

Case presentation
A 47-year-old woman with hemodialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease presented complaining of severe abdominal pain. A computed tomography scan showed portal gas and dilation of the small intestine, leading to a diagnosis of NOMI and subsequent emergency surgery. At the time of initial surgery, the contrast effect of ICG was slightly reduced, showing a granular distribution in the ascending colon to cecum (fine grain pattern) and significantly reduced in parts of the terminal ileum except around blood vessels (perivascular pattern). However, there was no obvious gross necrosis of the serosal surface, and the intestinal tract was not resected. The acute postoperative course was uneventful; however, the patient went into shock on the 24th postoperative day due to massive, small intestinal bleeding, and emergency surgery was performed. The bleeding originated from the section of the ileum that had complete loss of ICG contrast effect before the initial surgery. A right hemicolectomy with the terminal ileum resection was performed, and an ileo-transverse anastomosis was performed. The second post-operative course was uneventful.

Conclusions
We report a case of delayed hemorrhage of the ileum shown to have poor blood flow on ICG imaging at the initial surgery. Intraoperative ICG fluorescence imaging is useful in assessing the degree of intestinal ischemia for NOMI. When patients with NOMI are followed up without surgery, complications such as bleeding should be noted.
Assessment of subclinical myocardial dysfunctions in Egyptian children with celiac disease, a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ibrahim Lamiaa Abdelrahman , Mansour Hala Hussein , Abdu Yasmeen Abdel Salam , Fattouh Aya Mohamed 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder with multiple extraintestinal manifestations. The increased incidence of cardiac morbidities in celiac patients highlights the importance of early detection of subclinical myocardial dysfunctions. In this study, we aimed to assess the cardiac functions and explore early subclinical myocardial dysfunctions in celiac patients by tissue Doppler imaging.

Results
A cross-sectional analytical study which included 42 celiac patients with CD and 36 age- and sex-matched controls. They were subjected to full medical history and examination and complete transthoracic echocardiography including tissue Doppler imaging to assess cardiac functions. Evidences of early subclinical systolic and diastolic dysfunctions were found in our patients; they had significantly lower tricuspid E/A ratio; lower S, E′, a′ in both ventricles; reduced mitral E′/a′ (2.13 ± 0.87, 2.94 ± 0.061 respectively, p < 0.001); and increased tricuspid E/e′ (6.09 ± 0.8, 4.15 ± 1.33 respectively, p < 0.001) compared to the controls. Biventricular MPI were within normal limits, yet with a significant difference from the control (p = 0.001). lower E′/a′ in the RV is significantly related to the extraintestinal manifestations (1.5 ± 0.48, 2.16 ± 0.71 respectively, p = 0.009).

Conclusion
Children with CD had subclinical myocardial dysfunction especially in RV which is better detected by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). These dysfunctions are increased with the presence of extraintestinal manifestations.
Mammographically detected asymmetries in the era of artificial intelligence
Authors: Hanafy Mennatallah Mohamed , Ahmed Aya Ahmed Hamed , Ali Engy Adel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Proper assessment of mammographically detected asymmetries is essential to avoid unnecessary biopsies and missed cancers as they may be of a benign or malignant cause. According to ACR BIRADS atlas 2013, mammographically detected asymmetries are classified into asymmetry, focal asymmetry, global asymmetry, and developing asymmetry. We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence in mammographically detected asymmetries compared to breast ultrasound as well as combined mammography and ultrasound.

Results
This study was a prospective study that comprised 51 women with breast asymmetry found on screening as well as diagnostic mammography. All participants conducted full-field digital mammography and ultrasound. Then the obtained mammographic images were processed by the artificial intelligence software system. Mammography had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 73%, a positive predictive value of 56.52%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and diagnostic accuracy of 80%. The results of Ultrasound revealed a sensitivity of 100.00%, a specificity of 89.47%, a positive predictive value of 76.47%, a negative predictive value of 100.00%, and an accuracy of 92.16%. Combined mammography and breast ultrasound showed a sensitivity of 100.00%, a specificity of 86.84%, a positive predictive value of 72.22%, a negative predictive value of 100.00%, and an accuracy of 90.20%. Artificial intelligence results demonstrated a sensitivity of 84.62%, a specificity of 94.74%, a positive predictive value of 48.26%, a negative predictive value of 94.47%, and an accuracy of 92.16%.

Conclusions
Adding breast ultrasound in the assessment of mammographically detected asymmetries led to better characterization, so it reduced the false-positive results and improved the specificity. Also, Artificial intelligence showed better specificity compared to mammography, breast ultrasound, and combined Mammography and ultrasound, so AI can be used to decrease unnecessary biopsies as it increases confidence in diagnosis, especially in cases with no definite ultrasound suspicious abnormality.
Imaging case series of melioidosis: the great masquerader
Authors: Amin Dhanush , Chinta Sridevi , Kapoor Anu , Subbalaxmi M. V. S. , Reddy D. Amulya , Neelima A. , Yarlagadda Jyotsna 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is endemic to Southeast Asia. Inhalation, inoculation and ingestion are major routes of transmission. Increased risk of infection is seen in patients with diabetes, alcoholism, chronic renal and liver failure and malignancy. The aim of the present case series is to describe the varied imaging manifestations of melioidosis.

Case presentation
This is a retrospective review of imaging findings in eight patients with culture-proven B. pseudomallei infections diagnosed in our institute from September 2019 to September 2021. A total of eight culture-proven melioidosis cases were reported from our institute. All of them had multiorgan involvement and predisposing conditions or risk factors, most common being diabetes mellitus and alcoholism. Lung was the most common organ involved showing nodules and consolidations followed by liver and spleen demonstrating multiple ‘honeycomb’-like abscesses. Musculoskeletal manifestations included osteomyelitis and intramuscular abscess. Cerebral abscess, cerebral infarcts, prostatic abscess, abdominal aortic mycotic aneurysm with periaortic hematoma and splenic vein thrombosis with splenic infarcts were a few other manifestations.

Conclusions
Melioidosis is a great mimicker with acute, subacute or chronic clinical course involving multiple organs and resembling other common infections. Hence, it should be considered as a possible etiological agent when evaluating patients with risk factors and multiorgan involvement.
VAR, ARIMAX and ARIMA models for nowcasting unemployment rate in Ghana using Google trends
Authors: Adu Williams Kwasi , Appiahene Peter , Afrifa Stephen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe analysis of the high volume of data spawned by web search engines on a daily basis allows scholars to scrutinize the relation between the user’s search preferences and impending facts. This study can be used in a variety of economics contexts. The purpose of this study is to determine whether it is possible to anticipate the unemployment rate by examining behavior. The method uses a cross-correlation technique to combine data from Google Trends with the World Bank's unemployment rate. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with eXogenous variables (ARIMAX) and Vector Autoregression (VAR) models for unemployment rate prediction are fit using the analyzed data. The models were assessed with the various evaluation metrics of mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), median absolute error (MedAE), and maximum error (ME). The average outcome of the various evaluation metrics proved the significant performance of the models. The ARIMA (MSE = 0.26, RMSE = 0.38, MAE = 0.30, MAPE = 7.07, MedAE = 0.25, ME = 0.77), ARIMAX (MSE = 0.22, RMSE = 0.25, MAE = 0.29, MAPE = 6.94, MedAE = 0.25, ME = 0.75), and VAR (MSE = 0.09, RMSE = 0.09, MAE = 0.20, MAPE = 4.65, MedAE = 0.20, ME = 0.42) achieved significant error margins. The outcome demonstrates that Google Trends estimators improved error reduction across the board when compared to model without them.
Optimal shape design of an airship based on geometrical aerodynamic parameters
Authors: Atyya Mohamed , ElBayoumi Gamal M. , Lotfy Mohamed 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Conventional airship mathematical modeling usually involves six coupled degrees of freedom and two inputs, namely tail and thrust. The current study focuses on aerodynamic modeling. The aerodynamic model is developed in 3D-space based on plane semi-empirical model of a symmetric airship. The model depends on the main geometrical parameters of the airship. The study introduces an optimal shape design of the airship. The objective function is established to reduce drag and the effect of side flow and increases both lift force and pitching moment. Three types of airship shape construction are investigated, namely NPL, GNVR, and Wang.

Results
MATLAB genetic algorithm toolbox is used to obtain the optimal shape. The population size is 50 and the number of generations is also 50 for NPL, GNVR and Wang shapes at each corresponding angle of attack $$(\alpha =\left[ -20^\circ ,20^\circ \right] )$$

(
α
=

-

20
∘

,

20
∘

)

and side-slip angle $$(\beta =\left[ -20^\circ ,20^\circ \right] )$$

(
β
=

-

20
∘

,

20
∘

)

. The shapes are compared to select the best fit within the operating range. To get the optimal shape, weighted averaging is performed on the optimal solution.

Conclusion
The GNVR geometric construction technique is the best method to generate the optimum shape of the airship in the presence of side-slip angle effect with the utilized objective function that reduces drag and side flow and increases lift and pitching moment.
Pneumococcal vaccination in diabetic patients: review from clinical practice
Authors: Ghit Amr 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has the second-highest rate of increase in diabetes, especially in KSA, Egypt, and UAE. Diabetes accounts for a significant economic burden in terms of the cost of treatment, the management of complications, disability, and the loss of productivity. Diabetic adults have an increased susceptibility to infections due to the presence of hyperglycemia. The risk of pneumonia is higher in patients with diabetes. Pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal infections) is the most frequent cause of hospitalization in KSA, which also increases the risk of mortality in diabetic patients. The annual planned pilgrimage to Mecca, KSA, is one of the largest frequent religious gatherings globally, and outbreaks of infectious diseases are of great concern. This review will discuss the pneumococcal infection outbreak and prevention in patients with diabetes in KSA. Also, it will gather information discussed by a scientific advisory board held in Riyadh in 2020 covering the current understanding of pneumococcal disease prevention in diabetic patients and recommendations to overcome barriers facing vaccination.