bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dying Child
Authors: Garroway Kristine Henriksen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Dying Child: The Death and Personhood of Children in Ancient Israel is a social history of the death of infants and children in Iron Age Israel. The study concentrates on three aspects of death: a regional analysis of burials, the place of the child in the household of the afterlife, and the personhood of the child. The study is divided into two parts. Part One concentrates on the archaeological remains of child burials in various regions of ancient Israel including the Philistine Plain, Southern Phoenician Coast, the Galilee, Jezreel Valley, and Central Highlands. Part Two further teases out the larger themes found in the burials, focusing on memorials and commemoration, the materiality of tombs, and concepts of personhood, by comparing what is found in Judah to that of surrounding regions. The study not only adds to the understanding of children in ancient Israel, but to the understanding of death, dying, and the meaning of the Judahite cult of the dead en large. It addresses infants and children primarily from the mortuary record, and secondarily from the biblical record. In doing so it moves beyond the limitations of what the biblical record can say with regards to infants and children vis-à-vis the dying process, the cult of the dead, and personhood. Finally, in understanding the tomb as an extension of the household in the afterlife, the study begins to uncover the personhood of infants and children and their place in the Iron Age household of the living.
Motivating Reasons
Authors: Asarnow Samuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter develops the canonical Reasoning View about motivating reasons for action. After arguing for the virtues of a broadly causal-psychological theory of intentional action, it introduces a simple causal-psychological theory of motivating reasons. In three passes, it introduces conceptual complexity to make the view more plausible. The central theme is Donald Davidson’s “rationalization” condition. The chapter argues that versions of the causal-psychological theory that lack a rationalization condition face two important “subset problems,” which anyone interested in the philosophy of action has to find a way to solve. It argues that the rationalization condition is the most natural way to solve the problems. It then uses the conceptual resources of the Reasoning View to develop the only plausible theory of rationalization.
For Moderation
Authors: Asarnow Samuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter broaches the question of the normative significance of reasons of taste: normative reasons that appear to be grounded in facts about agents’ contingent concerns (what they want, like, prefer, or care about). Classical Internalists have argued that every normative reason is grounded in a contingent concern. Classical Externalists have argued that contingent concerns never ground normative reasons. This chapter gives a prima facie argument for Moderation, the view that contingent concerns ground some but not all of our normative reasons. The argument is that Internalism has implausible consequences for moral philosophy, while Externalism has turned out to be difficult to square with plausible assumptions about the nature of reasons of taste. The chapter shows how a Moderate Version of the Reasoning View can be developed and gives a “user’s guide” to how Internalist and Externalist versions may be developed.
Against Internalism
Authors: Asarnow Samuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter debunks two influential arguments for Extreme Internalism, which might be thought to make the intuitive costs of the view (discussed in Chapter 5) worth accepting. The “Modal Argument” (associated with Bernard Williams and Korsgaard) begins with the idea that it must be possible for an agent to act on the normative reasons that apply to them and argues from that idea to Internalism. This chapter shows that, on the best interpretation of that leading idea, the argument is invalid. The “If I Were You” argument (associated with Williams and Manne) begins with the idea that normative reasons are the kinds of considerations it makes sense to use in a distinctive kind of reasoning, called “if I were you” reasoning. This chapter shows that, once one gets clear on the distinction between objective normative reasons and subjective normative reasons, the intuitive appeal of the leading idea disappears.
On Squeamishness
Authors: Asarnow Samuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A Squeamishness principle is a claim that there is no normative reason at all for an agent to promote one of their desires or other contingent concerns. The version of the Reasoning View developed here assumes Squeamishness and has a mechanism for validating it. Schroeder and others have recently argued that Squeamishness principles are in general unmotivated. This chapter considers what can be said in favor of them. Focusing on Squeamishness judgments about morally significant cases, the chapter develops five types of arguments for Squeamishness. While several arguments are plausible, none is overwhelmingly persuasive. The chapter concludes that there is strong evidence for Squeamishness but that it is far from certain. Two appendices consider arguments against Squeamishness due to Schroeder and Manne, showing that neither obviously applies to the relevant morally significant cases.
Abundance and Authority
Authors: Asarnow Samuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses two theses assumed by the rest of the book. The Abundance thesis states that there is an abundance of different normative reasons concepts: concepts of legal reasons, prudential reasons, moral reasons, reasons of etiquette, and so on. The Authority thesis states that only one of these reasons concepts is authoritative, that is, only one really matters, or is (in some sense) really normative, whereas the others are “merely formal” or “generic.” The chapter makes two arguments. First, it argues that the Reasoning View provides a more satisfying explanation of what Abundance means and why it is true than other competing theories, including those of Wodak, Finlay, and Henning. This provides an independent line of support for the Reasoning View. Second, it argues that while there is a prima facie tension between Authority and the Reasoning View, the tension can be resolved by slightly revising the canonical account of defeaters.
Reconsidering Subjective Reasons
Authors: Asarnow Samuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Several authors have recently emphasized a distinction between subjective normative reasons and objective normative reasons, the latter being normative reasons in the sense theorized about here. It has rarely been clear, however, what theoretical work subjective reasons are intended to do. This chapter proposes that we understand subjective reasons as mental states of an agent in virtue of which options are more or less instrumentally rational for them to pursue. The chapter argues that, given that role, the standard “objectivist” theory of subjective reasons is implausible. It then develops a theory of subjective reasons in the context of the Reasoning View. An important consequence of this theory is that it provides a novel, unified way to think about the dual concepts of instrumental rationality and what is sometimes called reasons-responsiveness.
The Ecclesial Dialogue During the Thirty Years War
Authors: Stauff Derek L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To understand how some musical settings of biblical texts could gain political significance during the war, we need a broader and historically grounded view of the musical dialogue and the representation of voices in sacred music. Lutherans, along with numerous earlier Christian traditions, saw certain passages of scripture as ecclesial, that is, as referring to the Christian church as an institution. Early modern Lutheran commentators applied ecclesial readings to many parts of Hebrew scripture including Isaiah 49, Isaiah 63, and Jeremiah 31. These texts have confessional potential because Lutherans believed them to be voiced by the church lamenting her trouble or by God comforting his people or destroying his enemies. The ecclesial mode of interpretation helps explain why Lutheran composers applied dialogue techniques to this repertoire. In some cases, Lutheran composers like Stephan Otto and Andreas Hammerschmidt even created their own ecclesial dialogues by assembling different parts of scripture. Most importantly, all this sets a foundation on which Lutherans could naturally cultivate political subtexts during times of confessional unrest.
The Argument
Authors: Altamirano Rayo Giorleny 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter develops a model to explain the patterns of Indigenous land titling in Latin America. First, the chapter shows how the prevailing approaches of transnational constructivism, social movement theory, economic structuralism, and administrative capacity theory that seek to explain Indigenous land titling do not fully account for observed patterns in Nicaragua, Honduras, and Brazil. Then, the chapter introduces a new, complementary approach that centers on the role of state interests as a mediating factor that accounts for why and how Indigenous land titling happens. Internal threats and external pressures prompt state elites to attend to Indigenous demands to land and natural resources, and in turn, use Indigenous land titling as a mechanism to install a system of indirect rule that safeguards and reinforces the state's control over land and people.
Introduction
Authors: Fromage Diane , Héritier Adrienne , Weismann Paul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
After defining the essential terminology underlying this book (crisis, regulatory responses, rule-making), this chapter maps out the relevance of the Treaties for fundamental reforms at EU level and points at the potential, but also the limits, of the so-called flexibility clause (Article 352 TFEU). It addresses a number of crises which have hit the EU since the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon, thereby focusing on exogenous crises. Given that, since then, another Treaty revision has become politically unlikely, the question is posed whether the EU’s regulatory responses to various crises, essentially taken by means of secondary law, are still in compliance with primary law. Where the EU’s competence to act is contested, but the stakeholders’ will to act is strong, this may result in a broad interpretation of primary law provisions, the creative combination of legal bases in primary law, or the use of non-binding EU rules (‘soft law’). Against the backdrop of this adaptation—or even transformation—on the basis of secondary law, the chapter sets out the research questions underlying this book.
Health Policy
Authors: Eriksen Andreas , Everson Michelle 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter uses the COVID-19 crisis as a magnifying glass to uncover the dynamics of integration in the field of health. The pandemic was met with a stretching of competences along with informal tactics that illustrate how narrow formal confines call for creative workarounds. While crisis management may legitimately call for creativity, informality, and flexibility, this chapter asks whether a more fundamental instability was brought to the fore. The Treaties suggest that the European Union (EU) can deal with regulatory issues concerned with public health, while redistributive issues of healthcare are the responsibility of Member States. Not only is this division chimeric in practice, it also feeds the perilous impulse to mask moral and political acts of pooling of risk as Pareto efficient regulation. As the ambition to create a European Health Union gains momentum, so does the need to openly and explicitly acknowledge the considerations of justice and solidarity that inform rule-making. In line with this, the creative pathways that have driven integration by stealth will need to be transformed into a legally accountable and democratically responsible structure.
Migration Policy
Authors: Thym Daniel , Bornemann Jonas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
EU migration policy has been strongly influenced by crises, notably with regard to the arrival of asylum applicants. While they did not bring about major changes to the Treaty framework, recent events have resulted in forms of informal governance and the adoption of new legislation. These responses have rested on an expansive interpretation of the existing Treaty framework, and featured informal and non-binding instruments. The reasons for this switch are manifold. In the field of migration, soft law measures can serve as an experimental attempt to prepare for the adoption of legally binding rules or, more controversially, as an attempt to mould interpretation in a certain direction, as an alternative to legislative change. Of great importance are the two migration agencies, Frontex and the EU Agency for Asylum (EUAA), whose powers and resources have seen exponential growth in recent years; their operational characteristics distinguish the migration agencies from regulatory bodies in other policy fields.
The Candida Genome Database: annotation and visualization updates
Authors: Lew-Smith Jodi , Binkley Jonathan , Sherlock Gavin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Candida Genome Database (CGD; www.candidagenome.org) is unique in being both a model organism database and a fungal pathogen database. As a fungal pathogen database, CGD hosts locus pages for 5 species of the best-studied pathogenic fungi in the Candida group. As a model organism database, the species Candida albicans serves as a model both for other Candida spp. and for non-Candida fungi that form biofilms and undergo routine morphogenic switching from the planktonic form to the filamentous form, which is not done by other model yeasts. As pathogenic Candida species have become increasingly drug resistant, the high lethality of invasive candidiasis in immunocompromised people is increasingly alarming. There is a pressing need for additional research into basic Candida biology, epidemiology and phylogeny, and potential new antifungals. CGD serves the needs of this diverse research community by curating the entire gene-based Candida experimental literature as it is published, extracting, organizing, and standardizing gene annotations. Gene pages were added for the species Candida auris, recent outbreaks of which have been labeled an “urgent” threat. Most recently, we have begun linking clinical data on disease to relevant Literature Topics to improve searchability for clinical researchers. Because CGD curates for multiple species and most research focuses on aspects related to pathogenicity, we focus our curation efforts on assigning Literature Topic tags, collecting detailed mutant phenotype data, and assigning controlled Gene Ontology terms with accompanying evidence codes. Our Summary pages for each feature include the primary name and all aliases for that locus, a description of the gene and/or gene product, detailed ortholog information with links, a JBrowse window with a visual view of the gene on its chromosome, summarized phenotype, Gene Ontology, and sequence information, references cited on the summary page itself, and any locus notes. The database serves as a community hub, where we link to various types of reference material of relevance to Candida researchers, including colleague information, news, and notice of upcoming meetings. We routinely survey the community to learn how the field is evolving and how needs may have changed. For example, we asked our users which species we should next add to CGD, and the clear answer was Candida tropicalis. A key future challenge is management of the flood of high-throughput expression data to make it as useful as possible to as many researchers as possible. The central challenge for any community database is to turn data into knowledge, which the community can access, use, and build upon.
Pressure-dependent dynamic elastic properties and wave velocities in saturated porous rocks with aligned fractures
Authors: Wang Wen-Hao , Li Sheng-Qing , Guo Junxin , Su Yuan-Da , Tang Xiao-Ming 
Published: January 2025

SUMMARY
Fractures are widely distributed in upper crustal rocks and significantly affect rock elasticity. Experiments and field studies indicate that pressure influences the rock's elastic properties. Therefore, it is critical to understand the pressure dependence of rock elastic properties. For this purpose, a theoretical model is developed that considers both pressure-dependent background elasticity and fracture deformation within the hyper-elasticity stage. Using the model, the dynamic (frequency-dependent) attenuation mechanisms of fracture-background wave-induced fluid flow (FB-WIFF), multishaped microcracks' squirt flows (MMSF), fracture elastic scattering and their coupling effects under different effective pressures are investigated. The results indicate effective pressure can greatly reduce fracture normal and shear compliances. The stiffness coefficients increase with the increasing effective pressure and the MMSF mechanism gradually disappears due to the almost completely closed microcracks. Effective pressure has a stronger effect on wave-induced fluid flow (WIFF) mechanisms (including FB-WIFF and MMSF) than the elastic scattering mechanism. The P-wave dynamic anisotropy is modulated by FB-WIFF, elastic scattering and their coupling effects, while the S-wave anisotropy is modulated only by elastic scattering. Compared to P-wave anisotropy, the S-wave anisotropy Thomsen coefficient ${\gamma _{\rm TH}}$ is almost independent of effective pressure. In addition, P-wave attenuation anisotropy is more sensitive to effective pressure than P-wave velocity anisotropy. The predicted velocities at ultrasonic frequencies were compared with previous laboratory ultrasonic velocity data under effective pressure loading to validate the model.
Predictive modelling of seismic wave fields: learning the transfer function using encoder–decoder networks
Authors: Klinge Jana , Schippkus Sven , Walda Jan , Hadziioannou Céline , Gajewski Dirk 
Published: January 2025

SUMMARY
Wouldn't it be beneficial if we could predict the time-series at a seismic station even if the station no longer exists? In geophysical data analysis, this capability would enhance our ability to study and monitor seismic events and seismic noise, particularly in regions with incomplete station coverage or where stations are temporarily offline. This study introduces a novel adaption of encoder–decoder networks from the subfield of deep learning, modified to predict the development of seismic wave fields between two seismic stations. Using 1-D time-series measurements, our algorithm aims to learn and predict signal transformations between the two stations by approximating the transfer function. Initially, we evaluate this proof of concept in a simplified controlled setting using synthetic data, before we incorporate field data gathered at a seismic exploration site in an area containing several roads, wind turbines, oil pump jacks and railway traffic. Across diverse scenarios, the model demonstrates proficiency in learning the transfer function among various seismic station configurations. Particularly, it achieves high accuracy in predicting a majority of seismic wave phases across different data sets. Diverging significantly from encoder–decoder networks that estimate time-series forecasts by analysing historical trends, our approach places greater emphasis on the wave propagation between nearby locations. Thereby, the analysis incorporates both phase and amplitude information and provides a new approach to approximate the transfer function relying on machine learning techniques. The gained knowledge enables to reconstruct data from missing, offline or defunct stations in the context of temporary seismic arrays or exclude non-relevant data for denoising.
Unboxing Manipulation Checks for Voice UX
Authors: Seaborn Katie , Rogers Katja , Altmeyer Maximilian , Watanabe Mizuki , Sawa Yuto , Nam Somang , Itagaki Tatsuya , Li Ge ‘Rikaku’ 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Voice-based interaction is experiencing a second wind through the advent of machine learning (ML) techniques, affordable consumer products and renewed work on natural language processing (NLP) and large language models (LLMs). A growing body of work is exploring how users perceive new forms of computer-generated voices from qualitative and quantitative angles. However, critical voices have called for greater rigour, especially in confirming the voice as a manipulated variable, i.e. manipulation checks. We present three case studies that highlight the value of investing in rigorous manipulation checks for HCI researchers and designers. We demonstrate the importance of testing assumptions, the need for care and reflection in the design of response options and measurement and the advantages of more exploratory approaches to understanding user perceptions of and user experiences (UX) with voice phenomena. Through these case studies, we raise awareness, empirically justify and critically assess the value of manipulation checks for voice UX research and beyond.
Galangin synergistically revives the antibacterial activity of vancomycin against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium
Authors: Ayamuang Intu-orn , Teethaisong Yothin , Sirichaiwetchakoon Kittipot , Suknasang Siriporn , Watthana Santi , Chaiseha Yupaporn , Eumkeb Griangsak 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
Enterococcus faecium is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens threatening human health worldwide. Resistance to vancomycin (VAN) is increasing at an alarming rate. Resurrecting antibiotics using a combination approach is a promising alternative avenue. Galangin (GAL) is a bioactive compound constituted in herbal plants. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic activity of the combination of GAL and VAN and mode of action against vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VREfm) strains.

Methods and results
The minimal inhibitory concentrations against these bacteria were 8–64 μg ml−1 for VAN and 512 μg ml−1 for GAL. The VAN plus GAL combination exhibited synergistic effects against E. faecium isolates, with a fraction inhibitory concentration index of 0.26–0.28. Time-kill assays confirmed this synergism. Mechanistic studies showed that the combination induced intracellular constituent leakage, suggesting impaired membrane permeability and electron microscopy revealed peptidoglycan and membrane damage. Additionally, the GAL plus VAN combination inhibited biofilm formation and significantly reduced lipid, protein, and carbohydrate contents, as shown by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Conclusions
GAL could reverse the activity of VAN against VREfm by damaging bacterial cell envelope, inhibiting biofilm formation, and reducing biomolecule contents, emphasizing its potential as a valuable adjunct to VAN in treating VREfm infections.