bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction to senior hunger special issue
Authors: Ziliak James P. , Gundersen Craig , Vaudin Anna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOver 5 million persons aged 60 and older are food insecure in the United States. Research on food insecurity among seniors, however, has been sparse. In response, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service (USDA, FNS) funded a series of studies in this research area. In this introduction, we describe trends and consequences of food insecurity among seniors followed by an overview of the nine funded projects. These papers constitute a second round of papers funded by USDA in this research area –the first round was published in volume 44, issue 2 of this journal.
Deficit irrigation effects on adjunct and all‐malt barley yield and quality
Authors: Rogers Christopher W. , Hu Gongshe , King Bradley A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSemiarid regions are reliant on irrigation to produce large‐yielding and high‐quality malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Drought in the western United States is of concern as surface and ground water reductions are occurring that affect irrigation water availability. Implementing a seasonal water deficit compared to evapotranspiration (ET) is a potential strategy to reduce water usage if yield and quality can be maintained. Research was conducted in Aberdeen, ID, on the effects of deficit irrigation on yield, grain quality, and malt characteristics. Five genotypes were selected to represent those used for large‐scale adjunct brewing and those targeted at the all‐malt craft industry. Irrigation was managed at three rates (100%, 75%, and 50%) of estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc) using sprinkler irrigation. Total aboveground dry matter was not affected by irrigation until soft dough (Feekes 11.2). Yield was similar within a genotype with irrigation reduction from 100% ETc to 75% ETc. Averaged across genotypes, yields were 6936 kg ha−1 at 100% ETc and 6297 kg ha−1 at 75% ETc. At 75% ETc, protein remained just below the adjunct target (130 g kg−1) for four of five genotypes while all five exceeded the all‐malt target (120 g kg−1). Reduced irrigation decreased malt extract and increased diastatic power, where β‐glucan either did not differ or increased. Deficit irrigation is promising, particularly for adjunct brewing; however, expected changes to malting quality must be understood and genotype selection, altered fertilizer management, and/or changes to malting criteria may be needed for implementation.
Moving away from one disease at a time: Screening, trial design, and regulatory implications of novel platform technologies
Authors: Lekstrom‐Himes Julie , Brooks P J , Koeberl Dwight D. , Brower Amy , Goldenberg Aaron , Green Robert C. , Morris Jill A. , Orsini Joseph J. , Yu Timothy W. , Augustine Erika F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMost rare diseases are caused by single‐gene mutations, and as such, lend themselves to a host of new gene‐targeted therapies and technologies including antisense oligonucleotides, phosphomorpholinos, small interfering RNAs, and a variety of gene delivery and gene editing systems. Early successes are encouraging, however, given the substantial number of distinct rare diseases, the ability to scale these successes will be unsustainable without new development efficiencies. Herein, we discuss the need for genomic newborn screening to match pace with the growing development of targeted therapeutics and ability to rapidly develop individualized therapies for rare variants. We offer approaches to move beyond conventional “one disease at a time” preclinical and clinical drug development and discuss planned regulatory innovations that are necessary to speed therapy delivery to individuals in need. These proposals leverage the shared properties of platform classes of therapeutics and innovative trial designs including master and platform protocols to better serve patients and accelerate drug development. Ultimately, there are risks to these novel approaches; however, we believe that close partnership and transparency between health authorities, patients, researchers, and drug developers present the path forward to overcome these challenges and deliver on the promise of gene‐targeted therapies for rare diseases.
Demography and epidemiology of captive former biomedical research chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) 1: Survival and mortality
Authors: Arbogast Drew M. , Crews Douglas E. , McGraw W. Scott , Ely John J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAccurate and up‐to‐date data on longevity and mortality are essential for describing, analyzing, and managing animal populations in captivity. We assembled a comprehensive demography data set and analyzed survival and mortality patterns in a population of captive former biomedical research chimpanzees. The study synthesized over 51,000 life‐years of demographic data collected on 2349 individuals between 1923 and 2014. Our goal was to assess the population's current age–sex composition, estimate rates of survivorship, mortality and life expectancy, and compare findings with other chimpanzee populations of interest. Results indicated an increasingly geriatric contemporary population declining in size. The median life expectancy (MLE) of the entire population was 32.6 years (males 29.1, females 36.1). For chimpanzees who reached 1 year of age, the MLE increased to 34.9 years (males 31.0, females 38.8). Survival probability was influenced by both sex and birth type. Females exhibited greater survivorship than males (β1 = −0.34,z = −5.74,p < 0.001) and wild‐born individuals exhibited greater survivorship than captive‐born individuals (β2 = −0.55,z = −5.89,p < 0.001). There was also a seasonal trend in mortality, wherein more individuals died during the winter months (December–February) compared with other seasons. Analyses of life expectancy over time showed continual increases in both median age of living individuals and median age at death, suggesting that these chimpanzees have yet to reach their full aging potential in a postresearch environment. As they continue to age, ongoing monitoring and analysis of demographic changes will be necessary for science‐based population and program management until extinction occurs some decades in the future.
Meaningful measures of enamel hypoplasia: Prevalence and comparative intensity of developmental stress
Authors: Skinner Mark Fretson 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesDevelopmental stress causing enamel thinning is an important topic in primate biology. Because taxa differ in growth rates and enamel thickness, the goal is to provide a new method allowing direct comparison of prevalence and salience of enamel defects among samples.Materials and MethodsCasts of ape teeth spanning the Late Pleistocene to Late Miocene from three site areas of increasing seasonality, equator (Sumatra) to 20° (Vietnam) and 25°N latitude (China), were examined for enamel defects among paleo‐orangutans (n = 571, 222, respectively) and Lufengpithecus lufengensis (n = 198). Frequency of affected teeth and number of linear enamel hypoplasia were recorded. Defect dimensions were measured with a confocal microscope. Simple prevalence is compared to weighted prevalence (%), calculated by dividing “number of LEH from specific tooth groups” by “specific tooth sample size”; this quantity divided by “tooth‐specific years of imbricational enamel formation.” Defect dimensions are reduced to a dimensionless index termed “enamel deficit ratio” through dividing “daily enamel deficit” by “daily secretion rate.”ResultsWeighted prevalence increases to the North, highlighting latitudinal similarities. In contrast, “enamel deficit ratio,” designed to express comparative severity of developmental stress among samples, was least in the high latitude sample and differed little between paleo‐orangutan samples.DiscussionThe actual numbers generated are not as important as efficacy of the proposed methods for other taxa. Developmental stress appears least severe in the high latitude (Lufengpithecus) sample but affects a greater proportion, compared to paleo‐orangutans. Regardless of findings, the proposed solutions to improve comparability of disparate samples, yield reasonable results.
The relationship between hippocampal amyloid beta burden and spatial distribution of neurofibrillary degeneration
Authors: Walker Jamie M. , Goette William , Farrell Kurt , Iida Megan A. , Karlovich Esma ,   The PART Working Group, White Charles L. , Crary John F. , Richardson Timothy E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionNeurofibrillary degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) typically involves the entorhinal cortex and CA1 subregion of the hippocampus early in the disease process, whereas in primary age‐related tauopathy (PART), there is an early selective vulnerability of the CA2 subregion.MethodsImage analysis‐based quantitative pixel assessments were used to objectively evaluate amyloid beta (Aβ) burden in the medial temporal lobe in relation to the distribution of hyperphosphorylated‐tau (p‐tau) in 142 cases of PART and AD.ResultsEntorhinal, CA1, CA3, and CA4 p‐tau deposition levels are significantly correlated with Aβ burden, while CA2 p‐tau is not. Furthermore, the CA2/CA1 p‐tau ratio is inversely correlated with Aβ burden and distribution. In addition, cognitive impairment is correlated with overall p‐tau burden.DiscussionThese data indicate that the presence and extent of medial temporal lobe Aβ may determine the distribution and spread of neurofibrillary degeneration. The resulting p‐tau distribution patterns may discriminate between PART and AD.Highlights
Subregional hyperphosphorylated‐tau (p‐tau) distribution is influenced by hippocampal amyloid beta burden.
Higher CA2/CA1 p‐tau ratio is predictive of primary age‐related tauopathy–like neuropathology.
Cognitive function is correlated with the overall hippocampal p‐tau burden.
Thermally Activated Long Persistent Luminescence of Organic Inorganic Metal Halides
Authors: Gong Hao , Yu Heng , Zhang Yang , Feng Letong , Tian Yang , Cui Ganglong , Fu Hongbing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLong persistent luminescence (LPL) materials of SrAl2O4 doped with Eu2+ or Dy3+ can maintain emission over hours after ceasing the excitation but suffer from insolubility, high cost, and harsh preparation. Recently, organic LPL of guest‐host exciplex systems has been demonstrated via an intermediate charge‐separated state with flexible design but poor air‐stability. Here, we synthesized a nontoxic two‐dimensional organic–inorganic metal hybrid halides (OIMHs), called PBA2[ZnX4] with X=Br or Cl and PBA=4‐phenylbenzylamine. These materials exhibit stable LPL emission over minutes at room‐temperature, which is two orders of magnitude longer than those of previously reported OIMHs. The mechanism study shows that the LPL emission comes from thermally activated charge separation state rather than room‐temperature phosphorescence. Moreover, the LPL of PBA2[ZnX4] can be excited by low power sources, representing an effective strategy for developing low‐cost and high‐stability LPL systems.
Der starre Kern und die flexible Oberfläche von Amyloidfibrillen – Magic‐Angle‐Spinning NMR Spektroskopie von aromatischen Resten
Authors: Becker Lea Marie , Berbon Mélanie , Vallet Alicia , Grelard Axelle , Morvan Estelle , Bardiaux Benjamin , Lichtenecker Roman , Ernst Matthias , Loquet Antoine , Schanda Paul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAromatische Seitenketten sind wichtige Indikatoren für die Plastizität von Proteinen und bilden oft entscheidende Kontakte bei Protein‐Protein‐Wechselwirkungen. Wir untersuchten aromatische Reste in den beiden strukturell homologen cross‐β Amyloidfibrillen HET‐s und HELLF mit Hilfe eines spezifischen Ansatzes zur Isotopenmarkierung und Festkörper NMR mit Drehung am magischen Winkel. Das dynamische Verhalten der aromatischen Reste Phe und Tyr deutet darauf hin, dass der hydrophobe Amyloidkern starr ist und keine Anzeichen von “atmenden Bewegungen” auf einer Zeitskala von Hunderten von Millisekunden zeigt. Aromatische Reste, die exponiert an der Fibrillenoberfläche sitzen, haben zwar eine starre Ringachse, weisen aber Ringflips auf verschiedenen Zeitskalen von Nanosekunden bis Mikrosekunden auf. Unser Ansatz bietet einen direkten Einblick in die Bewegungen des hydrophoben Kerns und ermöglicht eine bessere Bewertung der Konformationsheterogenität, die aus einem NMR‐Strukturensemble einer solchen Cross‐β‐Amyloidstruktur hervorgeht.
Revealing the Mechanism of Pressure‐Induced Emission in Layered Silver‐Bismuth Double Perovskites
Authors: Zhang Long , Li Shuoxue , Sun Huaiyang , Jiang Qiwen , Wang Yue , Fang Yuanyuan , Shi Ying , Duan Defang , Wang Kai , Jiang Hong , Sui Laizhi , Wu Guorong , Yuan Kaijun , Zou Bo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPressure‐induced emission (PIE) associated with self‐trapping excitons (STEs) in low‐dimensional halide perovskites has attracted great attention for better materials‐by‐design. Here, using 2D layered double perovskite (C6H5CH2CH2NH3+)4AgBiBr8 as a model system, we advance a fundamental physicochemical mechanism of the PIE from the perspective of carrier dynamics and excited‐state behaviors of local lattice distortion. We observed a pressure‐driven STE transformation from dark to bright states, corresponding a strong broadband Stokes‐shifted emission. Further theoretical analysis demonstrated that the suppressed lattice distortion and enhanced electronic dimensionality in the excited‐state play an important role in the formation of stabilized bright STEs, which could manipulate the self‐trapping energy and lattice deformation energy to form an energy barrier between the potential energy curves of ground‐ and excited‐state, and enhance the electron‐hole orbital overlap, respectively.
In situ growth of Cu(BDC) on microscale Cu‐based carboxymethylcellulose fibers: A new strategy for constructing efficient catalysts for A3‐coupling reactions
Authors: Huang Yuling , Fan Xuetao , Zhou Yuping , Liu Shirong , Li Yiqun 
Published: February 2023

Based on the coordination properties of carboxylates in carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and metal ions, we have prepared microscale Cu‐based carboxymethylcellulose fibers (Cu(II)/CMC) by extruding the CMC‐Na solution into a Cu(II) ions coagulation bath. We found that the as‐obtained microscale Cu(II)/CMC fibers are well suitable for the in situ growth of the copper terephthalate (Cu(BDC)) MOFs directly from the coordinated Cu(II) sites enriched on the surface of fibers (Cu(BDC)@Cu(II)/CMC) in the terephthalic acid solution. The composition and structure of Cu(BDC)@Cu(II)/CMC composite fibers were verified using various FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, elemental mapping, XPS, TGA, and BET tools. The characterized data revealed that well‐defined Cu(BDC) particles were distributed uniformly on the surface of the microscale Cu‐based fibers. The resulting Cu(BDC)@Cu(II)/CMC fibers were used as an effective and retrievable heterogeneous catalyst for the aldehyde‐alkyne‐amine (A3) coupling reactions. The superior catalytic activity is attributed to the excellent dispersion and stability of the Cu(BDC) MOFs crystallites containing the numerous active Cu(II) sites on the microscale fibers. In addition, the microscale fibrous catalyst can be conveniently retrieved with tweezers after each cycle and reused at least six times without a significant drop in its activity.
Influence of pozzolans on plant oil‐sulfur polymer cements: More sustainable and chemically‐resistant alternatives to Portland cement
Authors: Graham Matthew J. , Lopez Claudia V. , Maladeniya Charini P. , Tennyson Andrew G. , Smith Rhett C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLow cost and high durability have made Portland cement the most widely‐used building material, but benefits are offset by environmental harm of cement production contributing 8–10% of total anthropogenic CO2 gas emissions. High sulfur‐content materials (HSMs) are an alternative that can perform the binding roles as cements with a smaller carbon footprint, and possibly superior chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. Inverse vulcanization of 90 wt% sulfur with 10 wt% canola oil or sunflower oil to yield CanS or SunS, respectively. Notably, these HSMs prepared at temperatures ≤180 °C compared to >1200 °C hours for Portland cement CanS was combined with 5 wt% fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), or metakaolin (MK) to give composites CanS‐FA, CanS‐SF, CanS‐GGBFS, and CanS‐MK, respectively. The analogous protocol with SunS likewise yielded SunS‐FA, SunS‐SF, SunS‐GGBFS, and SunS‐MK. Each of these HSMs exhibit high compressive mechanical strength, low water uptake values, and exceptional resistance to acid‐induced corrosion. All of the composites also exhibit superior compressive strength retention after exposure to acidic solutions, conditions under which Portland cement undergoes dissolution. The polymer cement‐pozzolan composites reported herein may thus serve as greener alternatives to traditional Portland cement in some applications.
Preparation of conductive polyaniline hydrogels co‐doped with hydrochloric acid/phytic acid and their application in Ag NPs@PA/GCE biosensor for H2O2 detection
Authors: Zhang Yanwei , Wang Hong , Liu Yaru , Niu Baolong , Li Wenfeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAccurate measurement of hydrogen peroxide is of great significance in monitoring human diseases and environmental safety. At present, there are a variety of testing methods, among which the use of electrochemical sensors to accurately measure hydrogen peroxide has gradually become a research hotspot. In this article, phytic acid (PA) with dual functions of doping and cross‐linking and HCl with strong ionization capacity was introduced as dopants to co‐doping polyaniline, and polyaniline hydrogel with a three‐dimensional network structure was prepared. The influence of the HCl/PA co‐doping ratio on conductive polyaniline hydrogel (CPAniH) was explored. The synthesis process and mechanism of HCl/PA‐CPAniH were analyzed and explained. In addition, the conductivity and mechanism of HCl/PA‐CPAniH, as well as the hydrogel characteristics were characterized and studied. A new electrochemical sensor based on polyaniline hydrogel and silver nanoparticles was constructed to detect hydrogen peroxide. The sensor has a good linear relationship, a wide linear range, and a high‐detection limit for H2O2. In addition, it also shows that HCl/PA‐CPAniH is a good interface material for electrochemical sensors and has a certain application potential.
Study on preparation and performance of advanced nano‐modified epoxy asphalt
Authors: Wang Danlei , Zhang Fenglei , Huang Kai , Zhang Lei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe rapid growth in traffic volume and loads has increased the demand for high strength and durability paving materials. As the primary paving material of long‐life pavements and long‐span steel bridge decks, epoxy asphalt (EA) has the problems of poor tensile strength and low fracture toughness. In this study, graphene oxide nanosheets (GOs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used to improve the mechanical properties of EA. Tensile tests, segregation experiments, Fourier transform infrared analysis, X‐ray diffraction, and fluorescence microscope (FM) were used to analyze the mechanical properties and micromorphology of nano‐modified EA, and to explore the optimal content of these two nano‐modifiers in EA. The results of tensile properties tests show the tensile properties of advanced nano‐modified EA are better when 0.01 wt% CNTs and 0.02 wt% GOs are added. Among them, EA modified by CNTs has the best toughening effect, and its fracture toughness is increased by 21%. Finally, combining macroscopic and microscopic experimental analysis, it is concluded that the mechanical homogeneity of the advanced nano‐modified EA is better, and the asphalt is uniformly dispersed in the continuous phase of epoxy resin. Furthermore, CNTs are chemically reacted with the amino group in oleylamine and modified EA through fiber network reinforcement, and GOs modified EA through the amidation reaction with oleylamine.
A flexible strain sensor of porous conductive silicone rubber composites prepared from high internal phase emulsion
Authors: Liu Zhouyu , Xiang Dong , Qiu Tian , Li Zhen , Zhao Chunxia , Li Hui , Li Zhenyu , Wang Li , Wang Ping , Li Yuntao , Wu Yuanpeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this work, a stretchable and compressible strain sensor was fabricated from conductive porous carbon nanotubes/polydimethylsiloxane (CNT/PDMS‐P) high internal phase emulsion (HIPE), which was obtained by simple mechanical mixing of CNTs, PDMS, and water. Micropores were uniformly distributed in the PDMS matrix, with diameters mainly in the range of 3–9 μm and averaging 5.3 μm. Due to the confined dispersion of CNTs in the porous PDMS framework, the CNT/PDMS‐P achieved a lower percolation threshold of 0.29 wt%. Compared to the non‐porous composite (CNT/PDMS), its percolation threshold was reduced by 25%. Besides, the CNT/PDMS‐P showed excellent sensitivity and cyclic stability. The sensitivity of CNT/PDMS‐P was 50% higher than that of CNT/PDMS in the tensile strain range of 0%–10%. The stability tests for 1000 loading/unloading cycles showed that the maximum offset rate of CNT/PDMS‐P was 58% lower than that of CNT/PDMS. The sensitivity of CNT/PDMS‐P compression sensor was S = 0.00259 kPa−1, which could detect the stress up to 600 kPa and maintain the standard waveform even after 1000 compression cycles. Finally, the potential application scenarios of the sensor, such as perception of human body limb movement, facial movement, gesture transformation, and human‐computer interaction scenarios, were explored.
Vasopressin, and not oxytocin, receptor gene methylation is associated with individual differences in receptive joint attention in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Hopkins William D. , Staes Nicky , Guevara Elaine E. , Mulholland Michele M. , Sherwood Chet C. , Bradley Brenda J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractJoint attention (JA) is an important milestone in human infant development and is predictive of the onset of language later in life. Clinically, it has been reported that children at risk for or with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) perform more poorly on measures of JA compared to neurotypical controls. JA is not unique to humans but has also been reported in great apes and to a lesser extent in more distantly related monkeys. Further, individual differences in JA among chimpanzees are associated with polymorphisms in the vasopressin and oxytocin genes, AVPR1A and OXTR. Here, we tested whether individual variation in DNA methylation of OXTR and AVPR1A were associated with performance on JA tasks in chimpanzees. We found that individual differences in JA performance was associated with AVPR1A methylation, but not OXTR methylation in the chimpanzees. The collective results provide further evidence of the role of AVPR1A in JA abilities in chimpanzees. The results further suggest that methylation values for AVPR1A may be useful biomarkers for identifying individuals at risk for ASD or related neurodevelopmental disorders associated with impairments in JA abilities.