bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public Health Approach to Problems Related to Excessive and Addictive Use of the Internet and Digital Media
Authors: Chung Sulki , Lee Hae Kook 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Advances in digital technology and media have provided convenience and advantages in all areas of our daily lives. However, there is a risk of excessive and addictive use, which increases the risk of addiction as a disease and other related mental and physical problems. This article reviews the public health approach to problems related to excessive and addictive use of the Internet and digital media.

Recent Findings
The public health model views addiction as the result of interactions among individuals, digital media, and the environment; therefore, interventions should aim to reduce risk factors and increase protective factors in these three areas. This includes developing and providing evidence-based services according to each individual’s problem type and severity. Regarding interventions for digital media and the environment, restricting accessibility and regulating content may be necessary. This calls for an integrative, comprehensive, and continuous intervention strategy, and to achieve such a framework, we need to establish an information system to monitor the magnitude and patterns of related problems.

Summary
This review suggests a surveillance system that provides a list of evidence-based policies from the public health perspective. Suggestions for an advanced international information, policy, and monitoring system are discussed.
A Feasibility Study to Minimize the Carbon Footprint of Cast Iron Production While Maintaining the Technical Requirements
Authors: Abdelshafy Ali , Franzen Daniel , Mohaupt Amelie , Schüssler Johannes , Bührig-Polaczek Andreas , Walther Grit 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe industrial sector is responsible for significant amounts of CO2 emissions. Although research activities have already given their attention to major industries such as steel, small sectors such as metal casting have been overlooked. Therefore, there are evident knowledge gaps regarding the environmental impact of the foundry industry and the possibilities of decarbonizing the sector. Herein, this study focuses on the CO2 emissions associated with cast iron production and introduces an interdisciplinary framework in order to study the environmental impact, technical performance and production costs. The theoretical and experimental analyses illustrate the interconnections between the environmental, technical and economic aspects of cast iron production. The results emphasize the role of the smelting process and renewable energies in decreasing the carbon footprint. In terms of the input materials, the outcomes demonstrate that increasing the steel scrap content achieves considerable reductions in the CO2 emissions. An alloy composition with a steel scrap content of 25% leads to a minimum carbon footprint of 650 kg CO2 eq./ton. However, increasing the steel scrap content further results in higher carbon footprints due to the additional materials required to maintain the alloy composition. Moreover, a higher strength and lower ductility of the alloy were recorded due to higher amounts of carbide stabilizing elements. The study highlights the importance of adopting a holistic approach in order to define the optimal material combinations. Hence, the presented interdisciplinary approach can be applied by the foundries in order to achieving the technical, economic and ecological goals of the sector.
Graphical Abstract
Therapeutic dilemmas with benzodiazepines and Z-drugs: insomnia and anxiety disorders versus increased fall risk: a clinical review
Authors: Capiau Andreas , Huys Liesbeth , van Poelgeest Eveline , van der Velde Nathalie , Petrovic Mirko , Somers Annemie ,   the EuGMS Task, Finish Group on FRIDs
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this clinical review was to summarise the existing knowledge on fall risk associated with benzodiazepines (BZDs) and Z-drugs in older people with focus on appropriate prescribing, including deprescribing.

Methods
We conducted a literature search in June 2021 in PubMed and Embase with citation and reference checking. Personal reference libraries and international websites were also used. Keywords for the searches included “benzodiazepines”, “Z-drugs”, “falls”, “deprescribing”, “fall-risk-increasing-drugs”, “inappropriate prescribing”, “older people” and matching synonyms. We discuss use of BZDs and Z-drugs, potential fall-related adverse reactions, alternatives for and deprescribing of BZDs and Z-drugs in older persons.

Results
BZDs and Z-drugs differ in fall-related adverse effect profile. They contribute to fall risk through orthostatic hypotension, dizziness and/or imbalance, sedation, muscular weakness, ataxia, etc. Fall incidents contribute significantly to mortality and morbidity. Therefore, there is a need for appropriate prescribing and use of BZDs and Z-drugs in older people. In practice, this means pertaining to a strict indication, strongly consider to non-pharmacological alternatives, limit use to the lowest dose and the shortest duration possible. Judicious deprescribing should be considered and encouraged as well. Practical resources, tools and algorithms are available to guide and assist clinicians in deprescribing BZDs and Z-drugs.

Conclusions
Prescribing BZDs and Z-drugs should be done in a well-considered way in fall-prone older people. A good overview and insight in the fall-related adverse effects of these drugs, as well as the availability of different strategies to increase the appropriate use, including deprescribing initiatives, can assist clinicians in clinical decision-making.
Dynamical Stability of a 3-DOF Auto-Parametric Vibrating System
Authors: Amer T. S. , Moatimid Galal M. , Amer W. S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This article concentrates on the oscillating movement of an auto-parametric dynamical system comprising of a damped Duffing oscillator and an associated simple pendulum in addition to a rigid body as main and secondary systems, respectively.

Methods
According to the system generalized coordinates, the controlling equations of motion are derived utilizing Lagrange's approach. These equations are solved applying the perturbation methodology of multiple scales up to higher orders of approximation to achieve further precise unique outcomes. The fourth-order Runge–Kutta algorithm is employed to obtain numerical outcomes of the governing system.

Results
The comparison between both solutions demonstrates their high level of consistency and highlights the great accuracy of the adopted analytical strategy. Despite the conventional nature of the applied methodology, the obtained results for the studied dynamical system are considered new.

Conclusions
In light of the solvability criteria, all resonance scenarios are classified, in which two of the fundamental exterior resonances are examined simultaneously with one of the interior resonances. Therefore, the modulation equations are achieved. The conditions of Routh–Hurwitz are employed to inspect the stability/instability regions and to analyze them in accordance with the solutions in the steady-state case. For various factors of the examined structure, the temporary history solutions, the curves of resonance in terms of the adjusted amplitudes and phases, and the stability zones are graphically presented and discussed.

Applications
The results of the current study will be of interest to wide range experts in the fields of mechanical and aerospace technology, as well as those working to reduce rotors dynamical vibrations and attenuate vibration caused by swinging structures.
Pyrolytic synthesis of graphene-encapsulated zero-valent iron nanoparticles supported on biochar for heavy metal removal
Authors: Karunaratne Tharindu N. , Nayanathara R. M. Oshani , Navarathna Chanaka M. , Rodrigo Prashan M. , Thirumalai Rooban V. K. G. , Pittman Charles U. , Kim Yunsang , Mlsna Todd , Zhang Jilei , Zhang Xuefeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBiochar (BC)-supported graphene-encapsulated zero-valent iron nanoparticle composites (BC-G@Fe0) are promising engineering nanocomposites that can be used to scavenge heavy metal from wastewater. However, the production of BC-G@Fe0 through carbothermal reduction using biomass as a carbon source remains challenging because of biomass pyrolysis complications. Here, we examined two carbothermal reduction routes for preparing BC-G@Fe0 using bamboo as the carbon source. The first route impregnated Fe ions (Fe2+/3+) into unpyrolyzed bamboo particles initially, followed by carbonization at 600–1000 °C. This process produced BC-G@Fe0 dominated by iron carbide (Fe3C), which led to low heavy metal removal efficiency (i.e., Cu2+ capacity of < 0.3 mmol g−1). In the second route, bamboo particles were pyrolyzed (600 °C) to biochar first, followed by impregnating this biochar with Fe ions, and then carbonized at 600–1000 °C. This route produces zero-valent iron nanoparticles, which resulted in high heavy metal removal capacities (i.e., 0.30, 1.58, and 1.91 mmol g−1 for Pb2+, Cu2+, and Ag+, respectively). The effects of carbonization temperature (600–1000 °C), iron source (i.e., iron nitrates, iron sulfate, ferrous chloride, and ferric chloride), and iron loading (5–40%) on the morphology, structure, and heavy metal ion aqueous uptake performance of BC-G@Fe0 were also investigated. This study revealed the formation mechanisms of BC-G@Fe0 through biomass carbothermal reduction, which could guide the application-oriented design of multifunctional iron-BC composites for water remediation.
Graphical Abstract
Beyond digital shadows: A Digital Twin for monitoring earthwork operation in large infrastructure projects
Authors: Rogage Kay , Mahamedi Elham , Brilakis Ioannis , Kassem Mohamad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCurrent research on Digital Twin (DT) is largely focused on the performance of built assets in their operational phases as well as on urban environment. However, Digital Twin has not been given enough attention to construction phases, for which this paper proposes a Digital Twin framework for the construction phase, develops a DT prototype and tests it for the use case of measuring the productivity and monitoring of earthwork operation. The DT framework and its prototype are underpinned by the principles of versatility, scalability, usability and automation to enable the DT to fulfil the requirements of large-sized earthwork projects and the dynamic nature of their operation. Cloud computing and dashboard visualisation were deployed to enable automated and repeatable data pipelines and data analytics at scale and to provide insights in near-real time. The testing of the DT prototype in a motorway project in the Northeast of England successfully demonstrated its ability to produce key insights by using the following approaches: (i) To predict equipment utilisation ratios and productivities; (ii) To detect the percentage of time spent on different tasks (i.e., loading, hauling, dumping, returning or idling), the distance travelled by equipment over time and the speed distribution; and (iii) To visualise certain earthwork operations.
Impact of LMS-mediated readiness assurance testing on performance in pharmacy calculations
Authors: Bell Edward C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective
Readiness assurance testing has enjoyed increased use as a tool for the delivery and reinforcement of pharmacy concepts. This study was conducted to determine the influence of the readiness assurance test (RAT) on major examination outcomes in pharmacy calculations.

Methods
The Blackboard Learning Management System was identified as an efficient platform for RAT implementation. The outcomes of three consecutive offerings of pharmacy calculations were compared. Cohorts 1 and 2 were exposed to recitation and standard assessments in lecture and laboratory sessions. Cohort 3 was additionally administered weekly individual (IRAT) and team (TRAT) readiness assurance tests for concept areas. All cohorts were exposed to a common comprehensive final exam.

Results
Significant differences were observed in major lecture exam scores among cohorts. Cohort 3’s mean final exam score was significantly greater than that of Cohort 1, which received the most conventional method of subject delivery. Students feedback was generally positive regarding use of RAT.

Conclusions
Use of RAT assessment was positively associated with final exam score outcomes in pharmacy calculations, including a positive shift in final exam score distribution in Cohort 3. Use of RAT promotes increased student exposure to conceptual material and instruction in pharmacy calculations.
Settlements and plantations are sites of human–tiger interactions in Riau, Indonesia
Authors: Neo Wivian Hui Yuan , Lubis Muhammad I. , Lee Janice Ser Huay 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInteractions between the Sumatran tiger Panthera tigris sumatrae and people (e.g. injury or loss of lives of people and tigers, evacuation of injured tigers, loss of livestock and sightings of tigers) can negatively affect the conservation of the subspecies. Land-use change in Sumatra has reduced habitat for tigers, forcing them into human-dominated landscapes and increasing the probability of interactions with people. Although the number of such interactions is high in South-east Asia, few studies have been published since 2000 and for Sumatra there is a lack of information regarding where these events occur. We collated data on human–tiger interactions in the province of Riau using web scraping of news sources published during 2010–2020, and mapped these data to village boundaries. We recorded 101 interaction events, with a total of 107 interactions, which we categorized into seven types (people injured or killed, livestock killed, sightings of tigers, tigers killed, injured or evacuated), in 78 villages. Most interactions with reported locations occurred close to settlements (35%), followed by in plantations (26%) and smallholdings (25%), with forests and forest edges comprising 14% of such events. Interactions were dominated by sightings of tigers, but severe interaction types (human death or injury and attacks on livestock) were also reported. The mean annual number of human–tiger interactions was 4.6 during 2011–2017 and 21.3 during 2017–2020. We highlight the need for mitigation and prevention, such as establishing conflict mitigation teams, improving animal husbandry practices, and providing training and education on human–tiger interactions focused in plantations and settlements.
A zero density estimate and fractional imaginary parts of zeros for L-functions
Authors: BECKWITH OLIVIA , LIU DI , THORNER JESSE , ZAHARESCU ALEXANDRU 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe prove an analogue of Selberg’s zero density estimate for
$\zeta(s)$
that holds for any
$\textrm{GL}_2$
L-function. We use this estimate to study the distribution of the vector of fractional parts of
$\gamma\boldsymbol{\alpha}$
, where
$\boldsymbol{\alpha}\in\mathbb{R}^n$
is fixed and
$\gamma$
varies over the imaginary parts of the nontrivial zeros of a
$\textrm{GL}_2$
L-function.
Tidal Motion Enhancement on Spitsbergen Bank, Barents Sea
Authors: Kowalik Z. , Marchenko A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe higher resolution numerical model investigates the semidiurnal and diurnal tides over the shallow Spitsbergen Bank. The tidal wave is trapped around Bear Island, Hopen Island, and Central Hill at the Bank in the semidiurnal range of oscillations. Semidiurnal waves around Bear and Hopen Islands generate a trapped dipole in the sea level distribution revealed by sea level maximum and minimum traveling on the opposite sides of the island. The dipole induces significant sea‐level differences and amplified velocity around the island perimeter. The role of the tidal currents over the Bank is connected through the mixing and transport to the generation of frontal regions. Tidal mixing directly relates to the local ice formation on Spitsbergen Bank as these areas coincide with the regions of strong tidal currents. The trapping of the semidiurnal tides leads to residual (permanent) circulation of up to 15 cm s−1. As this motion interconnects different bathymetric regions of the Bank, it influences the exchange of properties between these regions. The strength of residual currents shows that the large‐scale slow thermohaline motion cannot be complete without residual tidal motion. The diurnal tides show a different distribution since higher spatial resolution reveals sea‐level variability in many locations. These short‐wavelength shelf waves occur at seamounts, submarine peninsulas, and bays. We investigate in detail the wave dynamics in proximity to Central Hill and Hopen Island. We use observations of the buoys deployed on the ice floes to compare the drift velocity to the computed tidal velocity.
Influence of Target Properties on Wall Slumping in Lunar Impact Craters Within the Simple‐To‐Complex Transition
Authors: Chandnani M. , Herrick R. R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe 15–20 km crater diameter range on the Moon spans simple to transitional to complex crater morphologies. Simple craters in this range are only in the highlands. Transitional craters that contain localized slumps are scattered across the lunar surface. Most craters with localized slumps in the highlands superpose pre‐impact topography with obvious slope breaks. We interpret this as a condition favorable for post‐excavation internal slumping. However, some of these craters formed on terrains with topographic variation like the settings of simple craters: flat or gradually sloping surface, or degraded structures of older craters such as rims and terraces. To resolve the conundrum of two morphologies on one terrain type, we performed investigations of the local geology and topography of the inferred pre‐impact terrains. We assessed if the localized slumping in the craters happened during or well after crater formation, looked for spatial variations in the strength of the highlands crust, detected topographic breaks (through elevation data) that were unnoticeable in the optical data, and examined rim circularity. Our findings corroborate the influence of pre‐existing slopes on mass wasting along crater walls. Most of the craters with localized slumps have walls superposing topographic breaks that slope toward the crater interior. These walls are located near the uphill sector of the rims which initiated localized slumping. Most simple craters were found to have formed on surfaces with topographic breaks/slopes that face away from the adjoining crater walls, so that any immediate mass wasting would likely be outside the crater cavity.
Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial function implicated in Alzheimer’s disease through polygenic risk and RNA sequencing
Authors: Crawford Karen , Leonenko Ganna , Baker Emily , Grozeva Detelina , Lan-Leung Benoit , Holmans Peter , Williams Julie , O’Donovan Michael C. , Escott-Price Valentina , Ivanov Dobril K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPolygenic risk scores (PRS) have been widely adopted as a tool for measuring common variant liability and they have been shown to predict lifetime risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. However, the relationship between PRS and AD pathogenesis is largely unknown. To this end, we performed a differential gene-expression and associated disrupted biological pathway analyses of AD PRS vs. case/controls in human brain-derived cohort sample (cerebellum/temporal cortex; MayoRNAseq). The results highlighted already implicated mechanisms: immune and stress response, lipids, fatty acids and cholesterol metabolisms, endosome and cellular/neuronal death, being disrupted biological pathways in both case/controls and PRS, as well as previously less well characterised processes such as cellular structures, mitochondrial respiration and secretion. Despite heterogeneity in terms of differentially expressed genes in case/controls vs. PRS, there was a consensus of commonly disrupted biological mechanisms. Glia and microglia-related terms were also significantly disrupted, albeit not being the top disrupted Gene Ontology terms. GWAS implicated genes were significantly and in their majority, up-regulated in response to different PRS among the temporal cortex samples, suggesting potential common regulatory mechanisms. Tissue specificity in terms of disrupted biological pathways in temporal cortex vs. cerebellum was observed in relation to PRS, but limited tissue specificity when the datasets were analysed as case/controls. The largely common biological mechanisms between a case/control classification and in association with PRS suggests that PRS stratification can be used for studies where suitable case/control samples are not available or the selection of individuals with high and low PRS in clinical trials.
Structural racism is associated with adverse postnatal outcomes among Black preterm infants
Authors: Karvonen Kayla L. , McKenzie-Sampson Safyer , Baer Rebecca J. , Jelliffe-Pawlowski Laura , Rogers Elizabeth E. , Pantell Matthew S. , Chambers Brittany D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Structural racism contributes to racial disparities in adverse perinatal outcomes. We sought to determine if structural racism is associated with adverse outcomes among Black preterm infants postnatally.

Methods
Observational cohort study of 13,321 Black birthing people who delivered preterm (gestational age 22–36 weeks) in California in 2011–2017 using a statewide birth cohort database and the American Community Survey. Racial and income segregation was quantified by the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) scores. Multivariable generalized estimating equations regression models were fit to test the association between ICE scores and adverse postnatal outcomes: frequent acute care visits, readmissions, and pre- and post-discharge death, adjusting for infant and birthing person characteristics and social factors.

Results
Black birthing people who delivered preterm in the least privileged ICE tertiles were more likely to have infants who experienced frequent acute care visits (crude risk ratio [cRR] 1.3 95% CI 1.2–1.4), readmissions (cRR 1.1 95% CI 1.0–1.2), and post-discharge death (cRR 1.9 95% CI 1.2–3.1) in their first year compared to those in the privileged tertile. Results did not differ significantly after adjusting for infant or birthing person characteristics.

Conclusion
Structural racism contributes to adverse outcomes for Black preterm infants after hospital discharge.

Impact statement

Structural racism, measured by racial and income segregation, was associated with adverse postnatal outcomes among Black preterm infants including frequent acute care visits, rehospitalizations, and death after hospital discharge.

This study extends our understanding of the impact of structural racism on the health of Black preterm infants beyond the perinatal period and provides reinforcement to the concept of structural racism contributing to racial disparities in poor postnatal outcomes for preterm infants.

Identifying structural racism as a primary cause of racial disparities in the postnatal period is necessary to prioritize and implement appropriate structural interventions to improve outcomes.