bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and performance of high-temperature superconducting CORC® cables with CFD REBCO tapes
Authors: Ben Saâd Haïfa , Lacroix Christian , Horn-Bourque Delano , Nilsson Emelie , Rouquette Jean-François , van der Laan Danko , Weiss Jeremy , Radcliff Kyle , Sirois Frédéric 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Increasing the normal zone propagation velocity (NZPV) in superconducting cables based on rare earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) tapes is expected to cause a paradigm shift by enabling the development of faster and more reliable quench detection systems to mitigate the development of destructive hot spots. Furthermore, a higher NZPV is beneficial in terms of fault current limitation capabilities by accelerating the homogenization of the quench in superconducting power devices. One way envisioned to increase the NZPV of cables based on REBCO tapes is the current flow diverter (CFD) concept. A Conductor on Round Core (CORC®) cable made with CFD REBCO tapes, called CFD CORC® cable, and a CORC® cable made with regular REBCO tapes, were fabricated and tested. The critical current of the CFD and regular CORC® cables were obtained at temperatures ranging from 67 to 77 K in self-field. Measurements showed that the NZPV was increased by a factor of 4–4.5 in the case of the CFD CORC® cable. Furthermore, the results suggest that the NZPV depends only on the applied current, similar to what has been observed previously on single REBCO tapes. These results demonstrate the successful integration of CFD REBCO tapes in CORC® cables, without compromising their superconducting properties or their enhanced NZPV. The possibility of enhancing the NZPV of REBCO-based cables could facilitate quench detection, which remains an important issue in HTS magnet applications. This advancement also holds promise for the fault current limitation functionality of CORC® cables.
Minimal operational theories: classical theories with quantum features
Authors: Rolino Davide , Erba Marco , Tosini Alessandro , Perinotti Paolo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We introduce a class of probabilistic theories, termed Minimal Strongly Causal Operational Probabilistic Theories, where system dynamics are constrained to the minimal set of operations consistent with the set of states and permitting conditional tests. Specifically, the allowed instruments are limited to those derived from compositions of preparations, measurements, swap transformations, and conditional operations. We demonstrate that minimal theories with conditioning and a spanning set of non-separable states satisfy two quantum no-go theorems: no-information without disturbance and no-broadcasting. As a key example, we construct Minimal Strongly Causal Bilocal Classical Theory, a classical toy-theory that lacks incompatible measurements, preparation uncertainty relations, and is noncontextual (both Kochen–Specker and generalised), yet exhibits irreversibility of measurement disturbance, no-information without disturbance, and no-broadcasting. Therefore, the latter three properties cannot be understood per se as signatures of non-classicality. We further explore distinctions between a theory and its minimal strongly causal counterpart, showing that while the minimal strongly causal version of quantum theory diverges from full quantum theory, the same does not hold for classical theory. Additionally, we establish the pairwise independence of the properties of simpliciality, strong causality, and local discriminability.
Cataclysmic Variables and AM CVn Binaries in SRG/eROSITA + Gaia: Volume Limited Samples, X-Ray Luminosity Functions, and Space Densities
Authors: Rodriguez Antonio C. , El-Badry Kareem , Suleimanov Valery , Pala Anna F. , Kulkarni Shrinivas R. , Gaensicke Boris , Mori Kaya , Rich R. Michael , Sarkar Arnab , Bao Tong , de Oliveira Raimundo Lopes , Ramsay Gavin , Szkody Paula , Graham Matthew , Prince Thomas A. , Caiazzo Ilaria , Vanderbosch Zachary P. , Roestel Jan van , Das Kaustav K. , Qin Yu-Jing , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Wold Avery , Groom Steven L. , Reiley Daniel , Riddle Reed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present volume-limited samples of cataclysmic variables (CVs) and AM CVn binaries jointly selected from SRG/eROSITA eRASS1 and Gaia DR3 using an X-ray + optical color–color diagram (the “X-ray Main Sequence”). This tool identifies all CV subtypes, including magnetic and low-accretion rate systems, in contrast to most previous surveys. We find 23 CVs, 3 of which are AM CVns, out to 150 pc in the Western Galactic Hemisphere. Our 150 pc sample is spectroscopically verified and complete down to L
X = 1.3 × 1029 erg s−1 in the 0.2–2.3 keV band, and we also present CV candidates out to 300 pc and 1000 pc. We discovered two previously unknown systems in our 150 pc sample: the third nearest AM CVn and a magnetic period bouncer. We find the mean L
X of CVs to be 〈L
X〉 ≈ 4.6 × 1030 erg s−1, in contrast to previous surveys which yielded 〈L
X〉 ∼ 1031−1032 erg s−1. We construct X-ray luminosity functions that, for the first time, flatten out at L
X ∼ 1030 erg s−1. We infer average number, mass, and luminosity densities of ρ
N,CV = (3.7 ± 0.7) × 10−6pc−3,

ρ

M

=
(
5.0
±
1.0
)
×
1

0

−
5

M

⊙

−
1

, and

ρ

L
X

=
(
2.3
±
0.4
)
×
1

0
26

erg

s

−
1

M
⊙

−
1

, respectively, in the solar neighborhood. Our uniform selection method also allows us to place meaningful estimates on the space density of AM CVns, ρ
N,AM CVn = (5.5 ± 3.7) × 10−7 pc−3. Magnetic CVs and period bouncers make up 35% and 25% of our sample, respectively. This work, through a novel discovery technique, shows that the observed number densities of CVs and AM CVns, as well as the fraction of period bouncers, are still in tension with population synthesis estimates.
The Avogadro constant is not the defining constant of the mole
Authors: Kacker Raghu N , Irikura Karl K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The SI (2019) claims that the Avogadro constant N
A has the same character as the other six defining constants Δν
Cs, c, h, e, k, and K
cd, and that the same approach that is used to redefine the other base units may also be used to redefine the mole based on N
A. The SI (2019) states that the expression N
A = 6.022 140 76 × 1023 × mol−1 is a defining relation whose inversion provides the algebraic definition of the mole. This Letter shows that N
A is not the defining constant of the mole. The unit mole is defined by the SI description of the Avogadro number {N
A}.
Local field potential phase modulates the evoked response to electrical stimulation in visual cortex
Authors: Allison-Walker Tim , Hagan Maureen A , Meikle Sabrina J , Price Nicholas S C , Wong Yan T 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. Development of cortical visual prostheses requires optimization of evoked responses to electrical stimulation to reduce charge requirements and improve safety, efficiency, and efficacy. One promising approach is timing stimulation to the local field potential (LFP), where action potentials have been found to occur preferentially at specific phases. To assess the relationship between electrical stimulation and the phase of the LFP, we recorded action potentials from primary (V1) and secondary (V2) visual cortex in marmosets while delivering single-pulse electrical microstimulation at different phases of the LFP. Approach. A 64-channel 4 shank probe was inserted into V1 and V2. Microstimulation (single biphasic pulse, 10 µA and 200 µs per phase) was applied to selected channels in V1, and action potentials recorded simultaneously in V1 and V2. Microstimulation pulses were jittered in time to randomize the phase of the LFP at the time of stimulation. Results. We found frequency-specific phase modulation in a subset of units, where microstimulation in V1 evokes a higher firing rate in both V1 and V2 when delivered at specific phases of the LFP. We characterize phase modulation in terms of the preferred phase and frequency of V1 stimulation for responses in both V1 and V2, and effect size as a function of phase estimation accuracy. Significance. Phase modulation could reduce charge requirements for neural activation, reducing the volume of activated tissue and improving the safety, efficacy, and specificity of cortical visual prostheses. Phase modulation could allow cortical visual prostheses to stimulate using more simultaneous electrodes, with improved neural specificity, and, potentially, targeting downstream cortical activation.
Unveiling the inhibitory effect of hydrogen-decorated voids and dislocation loops on the glide of edge dislocation in tungsten
Authors: Ren Qing-Yuan , Li Yu-Hao , Du Yu-Chen , Yang Tian-Ren , Terentyev Dmitry , Han Wei-Zhong , Zhou Hong-Bo , Lu Guang-Hong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Tungsten (W), as the most promising candidate for plasma-facing materials, will experience significant irradiation hardening in nuclear fusion environment, which is originated from the formation of displacement damages, such as voids and dislocation loops. Hydrogen (H) can further exacerbate the hardening effect, but the underlying physical mechanisms remain unclear. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the impact of H aggregation within voids and ½ <111> dislocation loops on obstructing the glide of ½ <111> edge dislocations. On the one hand, the pinning effect of H-void complexes is closely related to the ratio of H to vacancy (H:Vac). When the H:Vac ratio is high, H atoms will overflow from the H-void complexes along the dislocation, enhancing the attractive interaction of complexes with dislocation and thereby causing a significant increase in the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS). On the other hand, the accumulation of H around dislocation loops can increase the CRSS by an order of magnitude. This is mainly because the binding of H to the dislocation loop hinders its movement along with the edge dislocation. Our findings advocate that the presence of interstitial impurities can dramatically modify the mechanical properties of materials underirradiation, and provide an important reference for the prediction of W performance and the development of advanced nuclear materials.
Aerodynamic analysis of complex flapping motions based on free-flight biological data
Authors: Shen Yishi , Xu Yi , Zhang Shi , Chen Tianyi , Huang Weimin , Shi Qing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The wings of birds contain complex morphing mechanisms that enable them to perform remarkable aerial maneuvers. Wing morphing is often described using five wingbeat motion parameters: flapping, bending, folding, sweeping, and twisting. However, the specific impact of these motions on the aerodynamic performance of wings throughout the wingbeat cycle, and their potential to inform engineering applications, remains insufficiently explored. To bridge this gap and better incorporate the properties of coupled motions into the design of biomimetic aircraft, we present a numerical investigation of four flapping-based coupled motions during different flight phases (i.e. take-off, level flight, and landing) using a pigeon-like airfoil model. The wingbeat motion data for these four coupled motions were based on real flying pigeons and divided into: flap-bending, flap-folding, flap-sweeping, and flap-twisting. We used computational fluid dynamic simulations to study the effects of these coupled motions on the flow field, generation of transient aerodynamic forces, and work done by different motions on flapping. It was found that, first, the flap-bending motion causes unstable changes in the effective angle of attack (AoA), which affects the attachment of the leading-edge vortex (LEV), thereby producing more lift at smaller bending angles. Next, the flap-folding motion causes the LEV to attach to the wing earlier and regulates the detachment of vortices. Significant changes in the folding angle are used to influence lift generation and the flap-sweeping motion has minimal effect on the flow field structure across the three flight phases. Finally, flap-twisting motion leads to notable changes in the effective AoA, allowing for dynamic adjustments to control aerodynamics at different stroke stages, resulting in less drag during take-off and more drag during landing. This study enhances the understanding of the aerodynamic performance of bird with coupled motions in different flight phases and provides theoretical guidance for the design of bionic flapping-wing aircraft with multi-degree-of-freedom wings.
In vitro evaluation of bioabsorbable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) warp-knitted spacer fabric scaffolds for osteogenic differentiation
Authors: Caronna Flavia , Limem Skander , Do Ly Dang Khoa , Ronan William , Dolan Eimear B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bioabsorbable textile scaffolds are promising for bone tissue engineering applications. Their tuneable, porous, fibre-based architecture resembles that of native extracellular matrix, and they can sustain tissue growth while being gradually absorbed in the body. In this work, immortalized mouse calvaria preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in vitro on two warp-knitted bioabsorbable spacer fabric scaffolds made of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB), to investigate their osteogenic properties. Scaffold structure and yarn properties were characterized after manufacturing. Cells were seeded on the two scaffolds and treated with osteogenic media for up to 35 days. Both scaffolds supported similar cell growth patterns, featuring a higher cell density on multifilament yarns, which could be beneficial to drive cell proliferation or related phenomena in localized area of the construct. The increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and the calcium deposition observed on some PLA and P4HB scaffolds after 28 and 35 days of culture, confirm their potential to support MC3T3-E1 cells differentiation, however inconsistent mineralization was observed on the scaffolds. Due to their structural and morphological features, ability to support cell attachment and growth, and their limited osteogenic potential, these PLA and P4HB bioabsorbable textile scaffolds are recommended for further investigation for bone tissue engineering applications.
Subwavelength grating-assisted high-performance on-chip TM polarizer with large bandwidth
Authors: Li Yongchang , Lin Zongxing , Chen Ting , He Sailing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A novel on-chip TM polarizer with high performance is proposed on the 340 nm-thick silicon-on-insulator platform. The polarizer is mainly based on the designed subwavelength gratings, in which the fundamental TM mode acts as guided mode, while the fundamental TE mode acts as leaky mode. Simulations indicate that the polarizer with the SU8 cladding exhibits a broad bandwidth covering all optical communication bands with low insertion loss (IL < 0.5 dB), high polarization extinction ratio (PER > 25 dB), and compact footprint (16.9 × 10.5 μm2). The TM polarizer exhibits strong robustness to wafer thickness and fabrication error. Due to its unique working principle, our proposed polarizer can be compatible with different materials of the upper cladding. By optimizing the parameters, the polarizer can achieve outstanding performance with other upper cladding, such as silica.
A review on properties of bamboo fiber polymer composites and bamboo/glass fiber/nanoclay hybrid composites
Authors: Ahmad Syed Mansoor , Gowrishankar M C , Shettar Manjunath 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bamboo fiber-reinforced composites have emerged as environmentally friendly, plentiful, and high-mechanical-performance materials used in recent years. This review presents an overview of the mechanical and water uptake properties of bamboo fiber polymer composites and bamboo/glass fiber/nanoclay hybrid composites to consider their structural and industrial applications. Bamboo fibers have better mechanical properties compared to polymers. Moisture absorption and fiber surface treatments influence their long-term functionality. Hybrid composites of bamboo, glass fibers, and nanoclay have revealed synergistic mechanical and water uptake properties. Adding nanoclay enhances interfacial adhesion and prevents void formation, improving overall mechanical performance. This review also discusses the impact of hybridization ratios and fiber surface treatments on bamboo fiber composite behavior. The results suggest that, whereas bamboo fiber polymer composites are suitable for applications requiring lightweight composites, hybrid composites exhibit better mechanical properties to be used in advanced engineering applications. Future research topics will include the optimization of hybrid compositions and sustainable treatment strategies to enhance the performance and longevity of these composites further.
Biodegradable and healable strain gauge based on Ti3C2TX MXene-gelatin hydrogel composite for eco-friendly applications
Authors: Han Hyun-Gu , Lee Dong-Geon , Kim Ji-Yeop , Jin Mi-Jin , Park Seungyoung , Um Doo-Seung , Kim Chang-Il 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Here, we report a novel MXene–gelatin hydrogel composite (MGHC) strain gauge with healable and biodegradable properties, aimed at bio-comfortable and environmentally sustainable applications. The performance of the MGHC gauge was demonstrated through resistance modulation at different strain levels, cyclic endurance, stretching speed sensitivity, and hysteresis properties. The gauge factor was close to unity, approximately 1.0, indicating a linear relationship between strain and resistance change and ensuring reliable measurements. The sensor exhibited cyclic endurance over 300 cycles, resulting in approximately a 3% increase in resistance, and sensitivity to stretching speeds was observed. Moreover, diverse applications were explored, including weight detection, joint angle measurement, and torsion angle sensing. The healable ability was investigated under varied temperature conditions to identify optimal healing conditions. Furthermore, the biodegradability of the sensor was assessed by observing complete degradation in phosphate-buffered saline and diluted hydrogen peroxide mixed solution, evaluating eco-friendly by-products. Overall, this study highlights the potential of the MGHC strain sensor for sustainable and biocompatible applications.
Simulation and validation of the effect of hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic pressure on contact pressure in a resilient seat butterfly valve
Authors: Yuvaraj K , Arunkumar G 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic pressures on the contact pressure distribution in resilient-seated butterfly valves, a critical component in fluid control systems. Reliable sealing in such valves is essential to prevent leakage under varying pressure conditions. A 3-inch valve was analyzed under fully closed conditions with and without internal pressure. Finite Element Analysis simulated the contact pressure distribution at the disc-seat interface, revealing pressures ranging between 6.2 MPa and 12.9 MPa, which exceed the applied hydrostatic pressure, ensuring effective containment. Experimental validation included hydrostatic testing per API 598 standards and non-hydrostatic testing using prescale contact pressure films. Hydrostatic tests confirmed a leakage rate of 0 ml min−1 under low-pressure conditions, complying with API 598 requirements. Non-hydrostatic tests, performed with prescale films, recorded consistent pressure distributions in the range of 6 MPa to 10.5 MPa, verifying the EPDM seat’s effectiveness and uniform contact. The results confirm the valve’s ability to maintain leak-proof operation under both hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic pressures, validating FEA predictions and reducing reliance on time-intensive physical testing. These findings emphasize the robustness of resilient-seated butterfly valve design and its optimization for industrial applications, improving operational reliability and enhancing simulation accuracy in fluid control systems.
Evaluation of dose calculation method with a combination of Monte Carlo method and removal-diffusion equation in heterogeneous geometry for boron neutron capture therapy
Authors: Nojiri Mai , Takata Takushi , Sasaki Akinori , Tamari Yuki , Matsubayashi Nishiki , Hu Naonori , Sakurai Yoshinori , Suzuki Minoru , Tanaka Hiroki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Clinical research in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has been conducted worldwide. Currently, the Monte Carlo (MC) method is the only dose calculation algorithm implemented in the treatment planning system for the clinical treatment of BNCT. We previously developed the MC-RD calculation method, which combines the MC method and the removal-diffusion (RD) equation, for fast dose calculation in BNCT. This study aimed to verify the partial-MC-RD calculation method, which utilizes the MC-RD calculation method for a portion of the entire neutron energy range, in terms of calculation accuracy and time as the dose calculation method. We applied the partial-MC-RD calculation method to calculate the total dose for head phantom, comprising soft tissue, brain tissue, and bone. The calculation time and accuracy were evaluated based on the full-MC method. Our accuracy verifications indicated that the partial-MC-RD calculation was mostly comparable with full-MC calculation in the accuracy. However, the assumptions and approximation used in the RD calculation mainly occurred the discrepancy from the full-MC calculation result. Additionally, the partial-MC-RD calculation reduced the time required to approximately 45% for the irradiation to the top and cheek region of head phantom, compared to the full-MC calculation. In conclusion, the MC-RD calculation method can be the basis of a fast dose calculation method in BNCT.
Willingness to pay for blue-green space and koala habitat protection following a Covid-19 versus bushfire experimental prime
Authors: Leviston Zoe , Cohen Rubijayne , Gorman Stephanie , Becvarik Zoe , Lal Aparna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Community-supported investment in blue-green space and fauna habitat protection is important, yet the drivers of willingness to pay (WTP) are poorly understood. Moreover, research on WTP for environmental services rarely considers the role of context in determining which services donors prefer. We address these gaps with a novel experimental approach (N = 360), randomly assigning participants to a condition priming either Covid19, the Australian 2019–2020 bushfires, or to one of two control conditions. We measured subsequent WTP for blue-green space and koala habitat, finding mostly non-significant effects for experimental condition on WTP, preparedness to donate, or the importance placed on investment. Both WTP for blue-green space and koala habitat was significantly associated with experience with bushfire, left-leaning political orientation, and higher blue-green space usage. Assessment of WTP for blue-green space in Australian cities indicates a positive attitude, especially among active users, although people are still willing to contribute to koala protection.