bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet on Change in Cardiac Biomarkers Over Time: Results From the DASH‐Sodium Trial
Authors: Belanger Matthew J. , Kovell Lara C. , Turkson‐Ocran Ruth‐Alma , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Liu Xiaoran , Appel Lawrence J. , Miller Edgar R. , Sacks Frank M. , Christenson Robert H. , Rebuck Heather , Chang Alex R. , Juraschek Stephen P. 
Published: January 2023

Background
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet has been shown to reduce biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to characterize the time course of change in biomarkers of cardiac injury (high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I), cardiac strain (NT‐proBNP [N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide]), and inflammation (hs‐CRP [high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein]) while consuming the DASH diet.

Methods and Results

The DASH‐Sodium trial was a randomized controlled trial of 412 adults with elevated blood pressure or hypertension. Participants were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of the DASH diet or a typical American diet. Energy intake was adjusted to maintain body weight. Measurements of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I, NT‐proBNP, and hs‐CRP were performed in stored serum specimens, collected at baseline and ≈4, 8, and 12 weeks after randomization. In both the control diet and DASH diet, levels of NT‐proBNP decreased; however, there was no difference between diets (
P
‐trend compared with control=0.22). On the DASH diet versus control, levels of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I decreased progressively during follow‐up (
P‐
trend compared with control=0.025), but a statistically significant between‐diet difference in change from baseline levels was not observed until week 12 (% difference, 17.78% [95% CI, −29.51% to −4.09%]). A similar pattern was evident for hs‐CRP (
P‐
trend compared with control=0.01; % difference at week 12, 19.97% [95% CI, −31.94% to −5.89%]).

Conclusions
In comparison with a typical American diet, the DASH diet reduced high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I and hs‐CRP progressively over 12 weeks. These results suggest that the DASH diet has cumulative benefits over time on biomarkers of subclinical cardiac injury and inflammation.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00000608.
Vertical Motions in Orographic Cloud Systems over the Payette River Basin. Part I: Recovery of Vertical Motions and Their Uncertainty from Airborne Doppler Radial Velocity Measurements
Authors: Zaremba Troy J. , Rauber Robert M. , Haimov Samuel , Geerts Bart , French Jeffrey R. , Grasmick Coltin , Heimes Kaylee , Tessendorf Sarah A. , Friedrich Katja , Xue Lulin , Rasmussen Roy M. , Kunkel Melvin L. , Blestrud Derek R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Vertical motions over the complex terrain of Idaho’s Payette River basin were observed by the Wyoming Cloud Radar (WCR) during 23 flights of the Wyoming King Air during the Seeded and Natural Orographic Wintertime Clouds: The Idaho Experiment (SNOWIE) field campaign. The WCR measured radial velocity Vr, which includes the reflectivity-weighted terminal velocity of hydrometeors Vt, vertical air velocity w, horizontal wind contributions as a result of aircraft attitude deviations, and aircraft motion. Aircraft motion was removed through standard processing. To retrieve vertical radial velocity W, Vr was corrected using rawinsonde data and aircraft attitude measurements; w was then calculated by subtracting the mean W () at a given height along a flight leg long enough for to equal the mean reflectivity-weighted terminal velocity at that height. The accuracy of the w and retrievals were dependent on satisfying assumptions along a given flight leg that the winds at a given altitude above/below the aircraft did not vary, the vertical air motions at a given altitude sum to 0 m s−1, and at a given altitude did not vary. The uncertainty in the w retrieval associated with each assumption is evaluated. Case studies and a projectwide summary show that this methodology can provide estimates of w that closely match gust probe measurements of w at the aircraft level. Flight legs with little variation in equivalent reflectivity factor at a given height and large horizontal echo extent were associated with the least retrieval uncertainty. The greatest uncertainty occurred in regions with isolated convective turrets or at altitudes where split cloud layers were present.
The Recognition of Indigenous Peoples in Latin American Climate Governance: A Review of Nationally Determined Contributions
Authors: Carmona Rosario , Carril Francisca , Yon Rocío 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Indigenous Peoples’ advocacy has enabled them to position themselves in global debates on climate change. Although the international community progressively acknowledges Indigenous Peoples’ contributions to climate action, their effective recognition in national climate governance remains marginal. This article analyses Indigenous Peoples’ recognition in the climate governance of Latin American states based on a document analysis of the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) submitted between 2016 and March 2022. A content analysis and a frequency analysis were conducted on 30 documents. Mentions related to Indigenous Peoples in the NDCs are increasing; nevertheless, this recognition reproduces the multicultural approach that has characterized Latin American states’ legislations and thereby undermines the coherence of climate policy. The references mainly allude to cultural diversity and climatic vulnerability without addressing the ongoing territorial conflicts that mediate the relationship between Indigenous Peoples and states. Nor do the NDCs recognize the right of Indigenous Peoples to participate at the different levels of climate change decision-making processes. Intercultural recognition of Indigenous Peoples and better standards of participation in climate change governance are mandatory. However, states must first promote institutional transformations to address the historical and institutional factors that have produced Indigenous Peoples’ climate vulnerability and generate the necessary mechanisms to implement the recognition committed to in the NDCs.

Significance Statement
The decisions of the Conference of the Parties of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change progressively encourage the participation of Indigenous Peoples and consider their knowledge in decision-making processes. Our article explores how this recommendation is assumed in Latin America through the analysis of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)—the national pledges in the context of the Paris Agreement for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation to climate change. Our findings reveal that the mentions and recognition of Indigenous Peoples in NDCs are increasing. This recognition is not matched by promoting full and meaningful intercultural participation. In addition to generating mechanisms for effective participation, addressing the multiple historical and institutional drivers of Indigenous Peoples’ climate vulnerability is necessary.
Non-Aligend Summit Diplomacy
Authors: Barm J.K. 
Published: January 2023

One of the main goals of the Non-aligned Movement (NAM) has, since long, been the democratisation of international order. It is highly critical of the undemocratic nature of important international organisations like the United Nations, the World Bank and the IMF (International Monetary Fund); and for the last several years has been fighting the inequality and oligarchism built into these vital organisations affecting, obviously, the life, development and security of many countries. But this campaign of the NAM would be lacking to a great extent in credibility and strength if the organization itself suffers from the same flaws and deficiencies. Unless the NAM is democratic in its structure and functioning, it has little moral right to point its finger at the absence of democracy in other international bodies. No member of the NAM has got “veto” power or “weightage voting”, the characteristic features of Great Power dominance in the Security Council and the World Bank respectively. But this is not enough to conclusively suggest that the NAM is a democratic body. To have a better idea about this, one has to examine its decision-making processes: whether all members have an equal voice in the formulation of its policies and programmes. For this purpose we need to look into the dynamics of the diplomacy of non-aligned summits. What are the various inputs of the decisions taken by these summits'! Do some countries wield more power than others? Apart from the big-small differential, the examination of non-aligned summit diplomacy may reveal some other important variables like the Cold War/ideological cleavage, communalism, regionalism, etc. The more powerful these divisive forces are, the weaker is the NAM. One of the wellknown features of decision-making at non-aligned meetings is “consensus.” Its members seem to be demanding a lot of credit for practising “consensus” which, they claim, is not only highly democratic but also unifying in nature. A critical look at this phenomenon would be in order. It would also be important to find out if external forces try to influence the non-aligned policies. What are the various strategies employed by the Great Powers of rival Cold War sides to influence the deliberation and decisions of non-aligned summits? These are some of the issues which have been dealt with here.
American Bases in the Philippines: A Journey to the Past
Authors: Mahapatra Chintamani 
Published: January 2023

The American Administration is at present confronted with a set of apparently contradictory problems: how to close the unneeded military bases in its territory and how to retain its important military facilities and installations in the Republic of the Philippines, including the well-known Subic Naval Base and Clark Air Force Base. Studies undertaken by various United States’ Government agencies have estimated that the Defence Department could save from $ 1 billion to $ 5 billion annually by closing some of the unneeded bases out of a total of 3,800 located in various parts of the United States.1 And thus important Pentagon officials and key members of the US Congress are reportedly moving to stamp “surplus” on some of these bases with a view to closing them down.2 On the other hand, policy-makers in Washington still consider the US bases in the Philippines as “the irreducible minimum of American security and interests in the Pacific and the Far East.” And as part of the plan to retain the bases in the Philippines the United States Government recently approved a mini-Marshall Plan for the Philippine Republic. Negotiations to review the Military Bases Agreement (MBA) of 1947 began in April between the officials of the United States and the Philippines. The MBA has undergone more than forty amendments in the past four decades. But the current negotiations are significant because it involves extension of the term of the agreement that expires in 1991. Presence of foreign military bases and troops in a sovereign country has always remained a sensitive issue in international relations. After more than three decades since the signing of the MBA the Filipinos got their sovereignty formally extended over the US military bases in the Islands and the Filipino flags began to fly in US base areas since 1979. Yet the nationalist Fitipinos still continue to ask: Is national sovereignty compatible with American military presence on their soil? Are not these bases likely to invite attacks from America's adversaries? Is Philippines interest being served by US maintenance of bases on the Islands? Some Filipinos raised similar questions way back in the 1940s. But they did enter into a Military Bases Agreement with the Americans by virtue of which the US military presence is still continuing in the Philippine Islands. Why did they sign the agreement? What were the compulsions? How did it all happen? When similar sets of questions, among others of course, are being raised after four decades of changes in the national, regional as well as global power configuration, a journey to the past is perhaps called for, for clearer comprehension of the current situation. The present paper is based on archival materials and other primary source materials available in the United States. Secondary source materials available in India and the United States have been used in appropriate places.
Monitoring of surface cleaning and disinfection in a Brazilian pediatric unit
Authors: Bernardes Lucas de Oliveira , dos Santos Fernando Ribeiro , Angeloni Natália Liberato Norberto , Ribeiro Furlan Mara Cristina , Barcelos Larissa da Silva , Ferreira Adriano Menis , Lopes de Sousa Alvaro Francisco , Andrade Denise de , Valim Marília Duarte , Batista Odinea Maria Amorim , Lapão Luís Velez , dos Santos Junior Aires Garcia , Lima Helder de Pádua 
Published: January 2023

Background: Understanding the correlation between the methods of monitoring surface cleaning and disinfection (SCD) is fundamental for better infection control. Purpose: This study aims to correlate the SCD monitoring methods in a Brazilian pediatric unit. This is an exploratory, longitudinal, and correlational study. Methods: The study was conducted in a pediatric hospitalization unit of a medium-sized hospital from December 2020 to March 2021. Four high-contact surfaces were analyzed before and after the cleaning and disinfection process by means of visual inspection, quantification of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and colony-forming unit (CFU) count. The study consisted of three stages: stage I involving situational diagnosis of the SCD process; stage II referring to the implementation of the Surface Cleaning and Disinfection Standardization Program (SCDSP); and stage III involving long-term assessment after implementing the program. A total of 192 assessments were performed in each stage, totaling 576 in the three study stages. Conclusions: A significant correlation was found between the ATP quantification methods and microbial count in the bed railing ( p = 0.009) and companion’s armchair ( p = 0.018) surfaces. In both cases, Spearman’s correlation coefficients were positive, indicating a positive correlation between ATP and microbial count scores, that is, the higher the ATP values (in RLUs), the greater the microbial counts (in CFUs/cm2). The analysis of the ROC curves suggests that the surfaces presenting ATP below 108 RLUs can be considered approved. The ATP method yielded 78.6% sensitivity; in turn, microbial count presented a sensitivity of 85.7%. It is important to use different methods to monitor the cleaning and disinfection of surfaces, as each one has different sensitivity and specificity.
Reason and Associated Factors for Nonuse of Contraceptives Among Ethiopian Rural Married Women: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Analysis
Authors: Mulugeta Solomon Sisay , Muluneh Mitiku Wale , Belay Alebachew Taye , Yalew Mequanint Melkam , Agegn Setegn Bayabile 
Published: January 2023

Introduction Contraception has a clear impact on the health of women and families in developing countries. This study aims to identify multilevel determinants of nonuse of modern contraceptives among Ethiopian rural married women in their productive age group. Method The study relied on data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys. A multilevel logistic regression model was used for analysis. Result In rural areas, nonuse of modern contraceptives is surprising high (81.7%), primarily due to fear of side effects (12.89%) and breastfeeding (8.2%). Among women aged 35 to 49 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.540.81), husbands with secondary and above education levels (AOR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.7–1), those in the high wealth index (AOR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.51–0.72), and those who have had 1 to 2 children in the past 5 years (AOR  =  0.28; 95% CI: 0.24–0.33), there was a lower chance of not using contraception. Muslims are less likely to want to use modern contraceptives (AOR = 1.2; 95% CI: 0.96–1.4). Women living in Afar (AOR  =  20.9; 95% CI: 9.6–44.7), Oromia (AOR =  1.5; 95% CI: 1.01–2.3), Somali (AOR = 71.1; 95% CI: 24.1–209.2), Gambela (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.4–3.9), Harari (AOR  =  4.4; 95% CI: 2.24–8.72), and Dire Dawa (AOR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.5–6.9), regional states, were less likely to want to use modern contraceptives as compared to those in Tigray. Conclusion Family planning interventions should target younger women, women living in rural areas, the poor, and Muslim women. In order to maximize the effectiveness of family planning promotion policies, it's important to address the reasons for nonuse of contraceptives identified in each region and contextual differences regarding women of reproductive age.
xcore: an R package for inference of gene expression regulators
Authors: Migdał Maciej , Arakawa Takahiro , Takizawa Satoshi , Furuno Masaaki , Suzuki Harukazu , Arner Erik , Winata Cecilia Lanny , Kaczkowski Bogumił 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundElucidating the Transcription Factors (TFs) that drive the gene expression changes in a given experiment is a common question asked by researchers. The existing methods rely on the predicted Transcription Factor Binding Site (TFBS) to model the changes in the motif activity. Such methods only work for TFs that have a motif and assume the TF binding profile is the same in all cell types.ResultsGiven the wealth of the ChIP-seq data available for a wide range of the TFs in various cell types, we propose that gene expression modeling can be done using ChIP-seq “signatures” directly, effectively skipping the motif finding and TFBS prediction steps. We presentxcore, an R package that allows TF activity modeling based on ChIP-seq signatures and the user's gene expression data. We also providexcoredataa companion data package that provides a collection of preprocessed ChIP-seq signatures. We demonstrate thatxcoreleads to biologically relevant predictions using transforming growth factor beta induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition time-courses, rinderpest infection time-courses, and embryonic stem cells differentiated to cardiomyocytes time-course profiled with Cap Analysis Gene Expression.Conclusionsxcoreprovides a simple analytical framework for gene expression modeling using linear models that can be easily incorporated into differential expression analysis pipelines. Taking advantage of public ChIP-seq databases,xcorecan identify meaningful molecular signatures and relevant ChIP-seq experiments.
Machine learning for predicting neurodegenerative diseases in the general older population: a cohort study
Authors: Aguayo Gloria A. , Zhang Lu , Vaillant Michel , Ngari Moses , Perquin Magali , Moran Valerie , Huiart Laetitia , Krüger Rejko , Azuaje Francisco , Ferdynus Cyril , Fagherazzi Guy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn the older general population, neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are associated with increased disability, decreased physical and cognitive function. Detecting risk factors can help implement prevention measures. Using deep neural networks (DNNs), a machine-learning algorithm could be an alternative to Cox regression in tabular datasets with many predictive features. We aimed to compare the performance of different types of DNNs with regularized Cox proportional hazards models to predict NDs in the older general population.MethodsWe performed a longitudinal analysis with participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. We included men and women with no NDs at baseline, aged 60 years and older, assessed every 2 years from 2004 to 2005 (wave2) to 2016–2017 (wave 8). The features were a set of 91 epidemiological and clinical baseline variables. The outcome was new events of Parkinson’s, Alzheimer or dementia. After applying multiple imputations, we trained three DNN algorithms: Feedforward, TabTransformer, and Dense Convolutional (Densenet). In addition, we trained two algorithms based on Cox models: Elastic Net regularization (CoxEn) and selected features (CoxSf).Results5433 participants were included in wave 2. During follow-up, 12.7% participants developed NDs. Although the five models predicted NDs events, the discriminative ability was superior using TabTransformer (Uno’s C-statistic (coefficient (95% confidence intervals)) 0.757 (0.702, 0.805). TabTransformer showed superior time-dependent balanced accuracy (0.834 (0.779, 0.889)) and specificity (0.855 (0.0.773, 0.909)) than the other models. With the CoxSf (hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals)), age (10.0 (6.9, 14.7)), poor hearing (1.3 (1.1, 1.5)) and weight loss 1.3 (1.1, 1.6)) were associated with a higher DNN risk. In contrast, executive function (0.3 (0.2, 0.6)), memory (0, 0, 0.1)), increased gait speed (0.2, (0.1, 0.4)), vigorous physical activity (0.7, 0.6, 0.9)) and higher BMI (0.4 (0.2, 0.8)) were associated with a lower DNN risk.ConclusionTabTransformer is promising for prediction of NDs with heterogeneous tabular datasets with numerous features. Moreover, it can handle censored data. However, Cox models perform well and are easier to interpret than DNNs. Therefore, they are still a good choice for NDs.
Predictive markers related to local and systemic inflammation in severe COVID-19-associated ARDS: a prospective single-center analysis
Authors: Lieberum Jan Nikolaus , Kaiser Sandra , Kalbhenn Johannes , Bürkle Hartmut , Schallner Nils 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
As the COVID-19 pandemic strains healthcare systems worldwide, finding predictive markers of severe courses remains urgent. Most research so far was limited to selective questions hindering general assumptions for short- and long-term outcome.

Methods
In this prospective single-center biomarker study, 47 blood- and 21 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were collected from 47 COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) patients upon admission. Expression of inflammatory markers toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, leukocyte counts, procalcitonin (PCT) and carboxyhemoglobin (CO-Hb) was compared to clinical course. Clinical assessment comprised acute local organ damage, acute systemic damage, mortality and outcome after 6 months.

Results
PCT correlated with acute systemic damage and was the best predictor for quality of life (QoL) after 6 months (r = − 0.4647, p = 0.0338). Systemic TLR3 negatively correlated with impaired lung function (ECMO/ECLS: r = − 0.3810, p = 0.0107) and neurological short- (RASS mean: r = 0.4474, p = 0.0023) and long-term outcome (mRS after 6 m: r = − 0.3184, p = 0.0352). Systemic IL-8 correlated with impaired lung function (ECMO/ECLS: r = 0.3784, p = 0.0161) and neurological involvement (RASS mean: r = − 0.5132, p = 0.0007). IL-6 in BAL correlated better to the clinical course than systemic IL-6. Using three multivariate regression models, we describe prediction models for local and systemic damage as well as QoL. CO-Hb mean and max were associated with higher mortality.

Conclusions
Our predictive models using the combination of Charlson Comorbidity Index, sex, procalcitonin, systemic TLR3 expression and IL-6 and IL-8 in BAL were able to describe a broad range of clinically relevant outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19-associated ARDS. Using these models might proof useful in risk stratification and predicting disease course in the future.
Trial registration The trial was registered with the German Clinical Trials Register (Trial-ID DRKS00021522, registered 22/04/2020).