bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Donor‐Interacting Arylated Carbazole Self‐Assembled Monolayer Enables Highly Efficient and Stable Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Yiwen , Jiang Wenlin , Mei Le , Chen Xiankai , Sun Min , Lin Chieh‐Ting , Zhang Rui , Du Gengxin , Qiu Weiming , Yang Xi , Fan Qunping , Yip Hin‐Lap , Lin Francis R. , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCarbazole‐derived self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are promising materials for hole‐extraction layer (HEL) in conventional organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Here, a SAM Cbz‐2Ph derived from 3,6‐diphenylcarbazole is demonstrated. The large molecular dipole moment of Cbz‐2Ph allows the modulation of electrode work function to facilitate hole extraction and maximize photovoltage, thus improving the OPV performance. Additionally, the flanking aryls of Cbz‐2Ph help establish CH‐π interactions for forming a dense and well‐organized SAM HEL and exhibit stronger van der Waals interactions with the donor PM6 than acceptor BTP‐eC9. The stronger SAM‐donor interactions modulate the PM6 distribution in PM6:BTP‐eC9 bulk‐heterojunction film, leading to PM6 enrichment near HEL to facilitate efficient hole extraction to the ITO anode in conventional p–i–n OPVs. Consequently, binary PM6:BTP‐eC9‐based devices incorporating the Cbz‐2Ph HEL demonstrate an impressive efficiency of 19.18%. These cells also showcase excellent operational stability, with a T80 lifetime of ≈1260 h at the maximum power point, over 10 times longer than those using the traditional PEDOT:PSS HEL (T80 ≈96 h). Furthermore, the universal applicability of Cbz‐2Ph as a HEL is evident through its successful implementation in PM6:BTP‐eC9:L8‐BO‐F‐based ternary devices and PM6:BTP‐eC9‐based printed OPV devices, achieving a PCE of 19.30% and 16.96%, respectively.
Effective One‐for‐All Phototheranostic Agent for Hypoxia‐Tolerant NIR‐II Fluorescent/PA Image‐Guided Phototherapy
Authors: Xi Simin , Xiao Huichun , Duan Zeyu , Li Lie , Chen Jian , Hu Tianze , Li Xiang , Hu Liwen , Liu Ruiyuan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR)‐triggered type‐I photosensitizers are crucial to address the constraints of hypoxic tumor microenvironments in phototherapy; however, significant challenges remain. By selecting an electron‐deficient unit, a matched energy gap in the upper‐level state is instrumental in boosting the efficiency of intersystem crossing for the type‐I electron transfer process. 2‐Cyanothiazole, an electron acceptor, is covalently linked with N, N‐diphenyl‐4‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)aniline to yield a multifunctional photosensitizer (TTNH) that exhibits intrinsic NIR absorbance and compatible T2 energy levels, facilitating both radiative and nonradiative transitions. The prepared nanoparticles (TTNH NPs) assembled from TTNH are activated by an 808 nm laser and generated the O2•− for hypoxia‐tolerant type‐I photodynamic therapy under both normoxia and hypoxic conditions. TTNH NPs emitted NIR‐II fluorescence with an impressive NIR‐II fluorescence quantum yield of 2.08%. With a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 51.8% under 808 nm laser stimulation, TTNH NPs exhibit photothermal therapy performance, accompanied by enhanced photoacoustic imaging capability owing to their strong NIR absorption. These characteristics make TTNH an effective NIR‐wavelength‐triggered phototheranostic agent that outperforms NIR‐II fluorescence/photoacoustic dual‐model imaging‐guided type‐I photodynamic therapy/photothermal therapy against hypoxic tumors. This results provide valuable insight for developing high‐performance NIR‐II‐emissive superoxide radical phototheranostic agents.
Self‐Reconstruction of High Entropy Alloys for Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Jin Yao , Fan Xing , Li Qiming , Guo Mingrui , Bai Jiangdong , Lin Haiping , Pi Yecan , Cao Shuang , Hou Chun‐Chao , Bai Shuxing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAlkaline water (H2O) electrolysis is currently a commercialized green hydrogen (H2) production technology, yet the unsatisfactory hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance severely limits its energy conversion efficiency and cost reduction. Herein, PtRu2.9Fe0.15Co1.5Ni1.3 high entropy alloys (HEAs) is synthesized and subsequently exploited electrochemically induced structural oxidation processes to construct self‐reconfigurable HEAs, as an efficient alkaline HER catalyst. The optimized self‐reconstructed PtRu2.9Fe0.15Co1.5Ni1.3 HEAs with the HEAs and cobalt rutheniate interface (HEAs‐Co2RuO4) exhibits excellent alkaline HER performance, requiring just 11.8 mV to obtain a current density (j) of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH. And the j on HEAs‐Co2RuO4 is 41.8 mA cm−2 at 0.07 VRHE, 2.0 and 6.1 times higher than PtRu2.9Fe0.15Co1.5Ni1.3 HEAs and 20% Pt/C. Mechanism studies reveal that the improved alkaline HER performance of HEAs‐Co2RuO4 is due to the formation of HEAs‐Co2RuO4, which significantly shrinks the Helmholtz layer, provides a new fast material transport channel, boosts H2O adsorption, and reduces hydrogen adsorption, and thus accelerates the alkaline HER. This research not only throws new light on the self‐reconstruction of catalysts but also provides guidance for the rational design of efficient electrocatalysts.
What Is the Mechanism by which the Introduction of Amorphous SeOx Effectively Promotes Urea‐Assisted Water Electrolysis Performance of Ni(OH)2?
Authors: Chen Qiuyan , Chen Jinwei , Dong Xinran , Dong Changxue , Zhou Yunzhe , Zhang Jie , Wang Gang , Wang Ruilin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) is considered to be one of the most promising electrocatalysts for urea oxidation reaction (UOR) under alkaline conditions due to its flexible structure, wide composition and abundant 3D electrons. However, its slow electrochemical reaction rate, high affinity for the reaction intermediate *COOH, easy exposure to low exponential crystal faces and limited metal active sites that seriously hinder the further improvement of UOR activities. Herein it is reported electrocatalyst composed of rich oxygen‐vacancy (Ov) defects with amorphous SeOx‐covered Ni(OH)2 (Ov‐SeOx/Ni(OH)2). Surprisingly, at 100 mA cm−2, compared with Ni(OH)2 (1.46 V (vs RHE)), Ov‐SeOx/Ni(OH)2 has a potential of 1.35 V. Meanwhile, Ov‐SeOx/Ni(OH)2 catalyst also showed good hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance, so it is used as the electrolytic cell assembled by UOR and HER bifunctional catalysts and only 1.57 V could reach 100 mA cm−2. Density functional theory (DFT) study revealed that introduce of amorphous SeOx optimizes the electronic structure of the central active metal, amorphous/crystalline interfaces promote charge‐carrier transfer, shift d‐band center and entail numerous spin‐polarized electrons during the reaction, which speeds up the UOR reaction kinetics.
Unveiling the Dual Active Sites of Ni/Co(OH)2‐Ru Heterointerface for Robust Electrocatalytic Alkaline Seawater Splitting
Authors: Yu Xinhui , Jiang Wei , Wu Yuanyuan , Chu Xianyu , Liu Bo , Zhou Shi , Liu Chunbo , Che Guangbo , Liu Guojie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractConstructing bifunctional electrocatalysts through the synergistic effect of diverse metal sites is crucial for achieving high‐efficiency and steady overall water splitting. Herein, a “dual‐HER/OER‐sites‐in‐one” strategy is proposed to regulate dominant active sites, wherein Ni/Co(OH)2‐Ru heterogeneous catalysts formed on nickel foam (NF) demonstrate remarkable catalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as well as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Meanwhile, the potentials@10 mA cm−2 of Ni/Co(OH)2‐Ru@NF for overall alkaline water and seawater splitting are only 1.36 and 1.41 V, respectively, surpassing those of commercial RuO2@NF and Pt/C@NF. The Ru site is identified as the primary active site for HER by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, while the Co(OH)2 site displays the minimal rate‐determining step energy barrier (RDS) and functions as the main active site for OER. This study offers novel perspectives on the rational utilization of diverse metal species’ catalytic capabilities for developing dual active sites multifunctional electrocatalysts.
Ionic Strength‐Induced Compartmentalization for Nanogel‐in‐Microgel Colloids
Authors: Pieper Maria I. , Mathews Hannah F. , Pich Andrij 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCompartmentalization is crucial for control over complex biological cascade reactions. In microgels, the formation of discrete compartments allows for simultaneous uptake and orthogonal release of physicochemically distinct drugs, among others. However, many state‐of‐the‐art approaches yielding compartmentalized microgels require the use of specific, though not always biocompatible, components and temperatures well above the physiological range, which may damage possible biological cargo. Therefore, a novel technique to fabricate compartmentalized microgels by exploiting ionic strength‐induced precipitation as a mechanism for compartmentalization is developed. For this, a droplet‐based microfluidic approach in which preformed nanogels are incorporated into poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐ or poly(acrylamide)‐based microgels is employed. Allowing contact between the nanogel–monomer mixture and a salt solution only at the cross junction inhibits premature precipitation of the nanogels and aggregates form on the chip. It is demonstrated that this method is applicable to a variety of nanogel species in both stimuli‐responsive and non‐stimuli‐responsive microgel networks. For temperature‐responsive nanogel compartments in non‐responsive microgels, anisotropic shape change is investigated by adjusting temperature or salt concentration or changing the solvent. Lastly, an exemplary uptake and release experiment demonstrates highly selective drug absorption, paving the way for more advanced biomimetic polymer structures.
Enhancing Flexible Perovskite Photovoltaic Cells and Modules Through Light‐Trapping and Light‐Shifting Strategies
Authors: He Mingzhu , Gao Yin , Tan Huilin , Zhang Haoyang , Zhuang Zexing , Wu Shaohang , Gao Yanyan , Zhang Cuiling , Liu Liang , Luo Qinrong , Qin Li , Jia Peng , Liu Chong , Schropp Ruud E.I. , Mai Yaohua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFlexible perovskite photovoltaic devices are typically constructed on flexible polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrates, which exhibit near‐ultraviolet absorption and high visible‐light reflection, leading to significant optical losses. To address this issue, a reusable optical‐management sticker tailored for flexible substrates has been proposed in this work. The sticker incorporates a light‐shifting material that converts near‐ultraviolet light into visible light, enabling photoelectric conversion of near‐ultraviolet light. Additionally, the sticker features a light‐trapping microstructure that creates a refractive index gradient from PEN to air, thereby achieving a significant anti‐reflection effect. As a result, the efficiency of a flexible perovskite solar cell reached 23.05% (certified 22.46%) under 1 sun AM1.5G illumination and 36.65% (certified 34.03%) under 1000 lux artificial light illumination. Furthermore, scaling this solution to large‐area modules has yielded remarkable improvements, achieving a breakthrough certified efficiency of 20.48% (aperture area 21 cm2) in flexible perovskite photovoltaic modules.
Structural reliability assessment of a historical reinforced concrete building using numerical analysis and NDT techniques
Authors: Orbán Zoltán 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper presents a case study of a methodology for assessing the structural reliability of an early reinforced concrete structure using a combination of primarily non‐destructive diagnostic and advanced numerical analysis methods. The case study examines the historical Csíky Gergely Theater in Kaposvár, Hungary, built in 1911. At that time, the design methodology and construction process were carried out using a relatively rudimentary standard framework. This study demonstrates that a multi‐phase assessment procedure integrating numerical analysis and primarily non‐destructive testing techniques can significantly reduce structural analysis uncertainty. This approach allows for an optimal selection of the reliability index (βtarget), even when deviating from design standards. Based on this modified reliability index and considering the diagnostic and material test results, the partial factors used for the assessment can be optimally adjusted, and in most cases reduced, compared to those in design codes for new structures. Consequently, the extent of structural interventions needed to increase the load‐bearing capacity can be minimized.
A novel approach for improving formation of soft zone in 22MnB5 and DP600 materials by resistance spot welding
Authors: Hidiroğlu Mehtap , Kahraman Nizamettin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, 1.5-mm thick Al-coated hot formed boron alloy 22MnB5 with martensitic structure and Zn-coated DP600 with dual phase structures, which are frequently used together in the automotive industry, were used. Instead of traditional alternating current (AC), a new generation medium–frequency direct current (MFDC) resistance spot welding method was utilized in the joining process. The uniqueness of this work is that it aims to improve the properties of the soft zone formed in the heat effect zone (HAZ) of 22MnB5 materials during resistance spot welding (RSW). For this purpose, a fixture was designed and manufactured for regional rapid cooling (RRC) of the HAZ following the welding process. During RSW, 6.5 kA welding current, 3.6 bar electrode force and 500 ms welding time were used. This RRC method aims to reduce defects in the joint strength caused by hardness changes. Welding processes were carried out in molds designed and produced in accordance with tensile-shear and cross-tension tests. Afterwards, tensile-shear, cross-tension, and fatigue tests were applied to the welded samples. In addition, the effects of the developed system on the weld zones of these samples were examined by microstructure and hardness studies. The tensile-shear and cross-tension results revealed that the regional cooling exhibited approximately 4–6% higher strength, respectively. As a result of the hardness tests, it was observed that the hardness of the tempered soft zone in the 22MnB5 HAZ of the joint increased by 6% with RRC. However, it was determined that through this developed system, RRC in fatigue tests decreased in the fatigue life of the samples at all loads.
Synthesis of bi-functional amphiphilic acrylamide copolymers based on polymerizable spans for prospective EOR
Authors: Al-Sabagh Ahmad M. , El-Tabey Amira E. , Saleh Nermin E. , Elsharaky Elsayed A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Three polymerizable spans based on sorbitan monoesters were synthesized and copolymerized with the acrylamide at different ratios to prepare nine amphiphilic copolymers via the inverse emulsion copolymerization technique. The FTIR, 1H-NMR, and viscosity average molecular weight ways characterized the synthesized monomers and copolymers. The general designation for the copolymers is PSnSs. Surface active and thickening properties for the aqueous solutions of the prepared copolymers were investigated. The influence of salts' concentration and temperature variation on the apparent viscosity and surface/interfacial activity was studied for the selected copolymers, and their emulsification ability was also examined. The results showed that the attached polymerizable spans enhanced the properties and capabilities of the acrylamide copolymers. This enhancement increased with increasing the attached monomers' ratio and lipophilic chain length. The copolymer PS60S-3 displayed the best values and capabilities with values at 0.2 wt% in distilled water for the γ
ST,
γ
IFT, and η
app equal 42.25 mN.m−1, 13.3 mN.m−1, and 495.76 mPa.s, respectively. It has the potential to be used as a bi-functional flooding agent.
Repeatability of radiomic features in myocardial T1 and T2 mapping
Authors: Manzke Mathias , Laqua Fabian C. , Böttcher Benjamin , Klemenz Ann-Christin , Weber Marc-André , Baeßler Bettina , Meinel Felix G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate the test–retest repeatability of radiomic features in myocardial native T1 and T2 mapping.

Methods
In this prospective study, 50 healthy volunteers (29 women and 21 men, mean age 39.4 ± 13.7 years) underwent two identical cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations at 1.5 T. The protocol included native T1 and T2 mapping in both short-axis and long-axis orientation. For T1 mapping, we investigated standard (1.9 × 1.9 mm) and high (1.4 × 1.4 mm) spatial resolution. After manual segmentation of the left ventricular myocardium, 100 radiomic features from seven feature classes were extracted and analyzed. Test–retest repeatability of radiomic features was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and classified as poor (ICC < 0.50), moderate (0.50–0.75), good (0.75–0.90), and excellent (> 0.90).

Results
For T1 maps acquired in short-axis orientation at standard resolution, repeatability was excellent for 6 features, good for 29 features, moderate for 19 features, and poor for 46 features. We identified 15 features from 6 classes which showed good to excellent reproducibility for T1 mapping in all resolutions and all orientations. For short-axis T2 maps, repeatability was excellent for 6 features, good for 25 features, moderate for 23 features, and poor for 46 features. 12 features from 5 classes were found to have good to excellent repeatability in T2 mapping independent of slice orientation.

Conclusion
We have identified a subset of features with good to excellent repeatability independent of slice orientation and spatial resolution. We recommend using these features for further radiomics research in myocardial T1 and T2 mapping.

Key Points

Question

The study addresses the need for reliable radiomic features for quantitative analysis of the myocardium to ensure diagnostic consistency in cardiac MRI.

Findings

We have identified a subset of radiomic features demonstrating good to excellent repeatability in native T1 and T2 mapping independent of slice orientation and resolution.

Clinical relevance

Radiomic features have been proposed as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in various heart diseases. By identifying a subset of particularly reproducible radiomic features our study serves to inform the selection of radiomic features in future research and clinical applications.

Graphical Abstract
An audit on the assessment and management of osteoporosis in a Parkinson’s and related diseases clinic in Australia
Authors: Amarasekera Nethmi Nuwanji , Taylor Janice , Coppin Christopher , Lewis Simon J. G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes are at increased risk of falls and should be actively screened and treated for osteoporosis. In 2024, the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP) revised their practice guidelines for diagnosing and managing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men aged over 50 years.

Objective
We conducted the first Australian study to audit these guidelines in patients with PD and atypical parkinsonian syndromes.

Method
We audited all PD, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Multiple System Atrophy cases attending our neurology service between January and March 2024 against the RACGP osteoporosis guidelines. We identified patients at risk of osteoporosis or minimal trauma fractures and assessed if they had been referred to their general practitioner (GP) for appropriate management or were already receiving appropriate osteoporosis treatment.

Results
This audit evaluated 230 patients, 199 of which had PD. We identified 78 patients over the age of 50 years with risk factors that should trigger a GP bone health assessment as per the guidelines. Twenty-six of these patients were already being managed appropriately. However, only 12 of the remaining 52 ‘at risk’ patients (23%) were directed to seek screening for osteoporosis by their GP, leaving 77% (40/52) without appropriate guidance.

Conclusion
Our major recommendations include following the guidelines and referring patients for a bone health screen with their GP if they have risk factors for osteoporosis. This audit highlighted that assessment of osteoporosis and fracture risk by Specialists needs to be improved.
Biomarkers in Ataxia-Telangiectasia: a Systematic Review
Authors: Tiet M. Y. , Guțu B.-I. , Springall-Jeggo P. , Coman D. , Willemsen M. , Van Os N. , Doria M. , Donath H. , Schubert R. , Dineen R. A. , Biagiotti S. , Prayle A. P. , Group A. T. Biomarker Working , Hensiek A. E. , Horvath R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T) is a very rare multisystem disease of DNA repair, associated with progressive disabling neurological symptoms, respiratory failure, immunodeficiency and cancer predisposition, leading to premature death. There are no curative treatments available for A-T but clinical trials have begun. A major limiting factor in effectively evaluating therapies for A-T is the lack of suitable outcome measures and biomarkers. We have performed a systematic review to collect the information currently available on biomarkers for A-T both in patients and preclinical studies. We have identified 56 reports discussing potential A-T biomarkers in both pre-clinical models and patients. These studies report on diagnostic biomarkers but prognostic biomarkers and responsive markers of clinical status are currently lacking. Some biomarkers of neurodegeneration in A-T show promise, including non-invasive neuroimaging biomarkers. Some biomarkers of oxidative stress and responsive markers to radiotherapy and steroid treatment have potential value in clinical trials. The formation of the A-T biomarker working group with international experts is an important step forward to facilitate the sharing of materials, data and expertise with the common goal of finding effective biomarkers for A-T.
Total functioning capacity scale in Huntington's disease: natural course over time
Authors: van der Zwaan K. F. , Feleus S. , Dekkers O. M. , Roos R. A. C. , de Bot S. T. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and objectives
The total functioning capacity (TFC) assessment has been integral to Huntington's disease (HD) research and clinical trials, measuring disease stage and progression. This study investigates the natural progression of function in HD, focusing on changes in TFC scores related to age and CAG-repeat length, and evaluates TFC's strengths and weaknesses in longitudinal studies.

Methods
Using Enroll-HD platform's clinical dataset version 5, including Registry-3, we analysed data from 21,079 participants, with 16,083 having an expanded CAG repeat. Our final analysis encompassed 15,527 patients and 52,457 visits, with TFC scores ranging from 0 to 13.

Results
Alluvial charts show that most individuals maintain maximum functional capacity over time. 3505 individuals experienced change in TFC scores, over the subsequent 4 years, 2224 (64.1%) experienced declining TFC scores, while 661 (18.6%) showed improvement within a year. The remaining 17.3% exhibited stable TFC scores. Age-related changes followed a specific sequence: occupation, household chores/finances, daily living, and care. Longer CAG-repeat lengths were linked to earlier functional decline, with some geographic regions showing earlier losses in specific domains. Reduced penetrance CAG-repeat groups exhibited different trajectories from full penetrance HD participants.

Discussion
When we focus on those who experienced a change in TFC score, the number of HD patients with regained functional capacity is substantial, even considering interrater variability, which may influence outcome assessments in clinical trials. The TFC effectively reflects changes in functional domains as intended. Analysis of the reduced penetrance group suggests potential selection biases in seeking medical attention earlier and for reasons unrelated to HD.