bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insight into pressure effect on the structural, electronic, optical, mechanical, phonon frequencies, and acoustic speed of nanostructure Ga x In 1-x P y Sb z As 1-y-z alloy lattice matched to GaSb substrate
Authors: Elkenany Elkenany B. , Alfrnwani O. A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The electronic, optical, and elastic characteristics of the GaxIn1-xPySbzAs1-y-z alloy lattice matched to the GaSb substrate using a pseudo-potential formalism (EPM) based on the virtual crystal approximation (VCA) are performed. The mechanical features, acoustic velocity, and phonon frequencies of the GaxIn1-xPySbzAs1-y-z/GaSb system are calculated. The sensitivity of these properties to pressure is considered. Our findings are reasonably consistent with the experimental evidence that is currently available. The studied properties of this alloy under the influence of pressure are a new achievement. Novel device applications would be made possible by the pentanary GaxIn1-xPySbzAs1-y-z alloy under high pressure.
Caries Arrest Using Silver Diamine Fluoride: Knowledge, Attitude, And Perception of Parents in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhabdan Alhanouf , Almogbel Shaikha , Alawaji Rahaf , Aldosari Ghaida 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The objective was to evaluate the current knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of parents toward the use of SDF in children’s primary teeth and identify related factors.
Materials and methods
In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from participants in Saudi Arabia. A simple random sampling method was used. An electronic questionnaire was designed to collect data regarding participants’ demographics and their knowledge,attitude, and perception toward the use of SDF.
Results
A higher proportion of parents/relatives (87.3%) was strongly satisfied with the speed of treatment and its benefits. In terms of disadvantages, 23.8% and 30.4% of the parents/relatives were satisfied and dissatisfied, respectively. Regarding attitudes, the majority of participants (22.8%) responded as neutral to using SDF to treat their children’s anterior primary teeth, whereas 32.2% agreed to the use of SDF in their children’s posterior primary teeth. A higher proportion of parents/relatives who were in the age group of > 50 years (27.8%) had responded as “satisfied” compared with the responses of other age groups.
Conclusion
The present study demonstrates that SDF is acceptable among Saudi parents/relatives for the purpose of arresting dental caries. However, pigmentation of anterior teeth is a major concern.
Characterization of the semen, gut, and urine microbiota in patients with different semen abnormalities
Authors: Cao Tingshuai , Wang Shangren , Pan Yang , Guo Feng , Wu Bin , Zhang Yingchun , Wang Yujie , Tian Jiaqing , Xing Qingfei , Liu Xiaoqiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground Semen quality is decreasing worldwide, leading to increased male infertility. This study analyzed the microbiota of the gut, semen, and urine in individuals with semen abnormalities to identify potential probiotics and pathogenic bacteria that affect semen parameters and help develop new methods for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with semen abnormalities. We recruited 12 individuals with normal semen parameters (control group), 12 with asthenospermia but no semen hyperviscosity (Group_1), 6 with oligospermia (Group_2), 9 with severe oligospermia or azoospermia (Group_3), and 14 with semen hyperviscosity only (Group_4). The semen, gut, and urine microbiota were examined by analyzing the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence using next-generation sequencing. Results The gut microbes were clustered into the highest number of operational taxonomic units, followed by urine and semen. Furthermore, the α-diversity of gut microbes was highest and significantly different from that of urine and semen microbiota. The microbiota of the gut, urine, and semen were all significantly different from each other in terms of β-diversity. At the genus level,Bifidobacterium,Blautia,Bacteroides,Faecalibacterium, andPrevotellawere predominant in the gut;Staphylococcus,Streptococcus,Prevotella,Finegoldia, andCorynebacteriumwere predominant in urine; andLactobacillus,Prevotella,Finegoldia,Staphylococcus,Streptococcus,Ureaplasma, and other unidentified bacteria were predominant in semen. β-Diversity of the gut microbiota was significantly different among the control, Group_1, and Group_3. The gut abundance ofCollinsellawas significantly reduced in groups 1, 3, and 4. Furthermore, the gut abundance ofBifidobacteriumandBlautiawas significantly decreased in Group_1, while that ofBacteroideswas significantly increased in Group_3. The abundance ofStaphylococcuswas significantly increased in the semen of groups 1 and 4. Finally,Lactobacillusabundance was significantly reduced in the urine of groups 2 and 4. Conclusions This study comprehensively describes the differences in intestinal and genitourinary tract microbiota between healthy individuals and those with abnormal semen parameters. Furthermore, our study identifiedCollinsella,Bifidobacterium,Blautia, andLactobacillusas potential probiotics. Finally, the study identifiedBacteroidesin the gut andStaphylococcusin semen as potential pathogenic bacteria. Our study lays the foundation of a new approach to the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility.
An unusual route of odontogenic infection from the mandible to the orbit through the facial spaces resulting in blindness: a rare case
Authors: Nashawi Faez Ebrahim , Shasho Hamza Omar , Alkheder Ahmad 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Orbital infection is a rare complication of odontogenic infections mostly originating from maxillary teeth. In our case, we present one of the unusual routes in which odontogenic infection of lower molar tooth has spread into the orbit. A 67-year-old uncontrolled diabetic patient was referred to the ENT department with a complaint of swollen right masseteric region and orbital infection after a dental procedure on the right mandibular third molar with a history of unsuccessful treatment in another hospital. CT and MRI showed multiple abscesses localized in masseteric and infratemporal spaces extending into orbital cavity through the inferior orbital fissure with no sinus involvement. improper treatment and poorly controlled diabetes resulted in the extensive spread of the infection. clinical and radiological re-evaluation has played a major role in the management of our case by elucidating the route of infection and localizing abscessing foci accurately enabling the team to plan the proper surgical intervention.
RNA silencing of GM-CSF in CAR-T cells reduces the secretion of multiple inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Shang Siqi , Chen Yunshuo , Yang Xuejiao , Yang Ying , Wang Wenbo , Wang Yueying 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has become a research hotspot in the field of hematological malignancies. However, CAR-T cell therapy can lead to immunotherapy-associated side effects including cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. Gene depletion of GM-CSF in CAR-T cells was found preventive against adverse effects, but additional transfections were required to produce CAR-T cells. In this study, we interrupted GM-CSF expression in CAR-T cells by inserting the GM-CSF shRNA-expression cassette in the CAR vector. Reduction of GM-CSF in CAR-T cells could decrease the level of several proinflammatory cytokines without hampering the killing capacity. The manufacture of GM-CSF knockdown CAR-T cells does not require complicated transfections, which makes it more practical and feasible for clinical application.
Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (ELR) as biomarkers in patients with acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Liao Qian-Qian , Mo Yan-Ju , Zhu Ke-Wei , Gao Feng , Huang Bin , Chen Peng , Jing Feng-Tian , Jiang Xuan , Xu Hong-Zhen , Tang Yan-Feng , Chu Li-Wei , Huang Hai-Ling , Wang Wen-Li , Wei Fang-Ning , Huang Dan-Dan , Zhao Bin-Jing , Chen Jia , Zhang Hao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The study comprehensively evaluated the prognostic roles of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio. (MLR), basophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (BLR) and eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (ELR) in patients with acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). 619 patients with AECOPD and 300 healthy volunteers were retrospectively included into the study. The clinical characteristics containing laboratory findings of the AECOPD patients and the complete blood counts (CBCs) of the healthy volunteers were collected. Compared with the healthy volunteers, PLR, NLR, MLR, BLR, and ELR were all elevated in COPD patients under stable condition. PLR, NLR, MLR, and BLR were further elevated while ELR was lowered during exacerbation. PLR, NLR, and MLR were all positively correlated with hospital LOS as well as CRP. In contrast, ELR was negatively correlated with hospital LOS as well as CRP. Elevated PLR, NLR, and MLR were all associated with more serious airflow limitation in AECOPD. Elevated PLR, NLR, and MLR were all associated with increased in-hospital mortality while Elevated ELR was associated with decreased in-hospital mortality. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that smoking history, FEV1% predicted, pneumonia, pulmonary heart disease (PHD), uric acid (UA), albumin, and MLR were significant independent predictors for in-hospital mortality. These predictors along with ELR were used to construct a nomogram predicting in-hospital mortality in AECOPD. The nomogram had a C-index of 0.850 (95% CI: 0.799–0.901), and its good predictive value and clinical applicability were summary further demonstrated. In summary, PLR, NLR, MLR, and ELR served as biomarkers in patients with AECOPD.
Mechanical ventilation after traumatic spinal cord injury – A retrospective cohort study-based prediction model for weaning success: The BICYCLE score
Authors: Schreiber Annia , Garlasco Jacopo , Urner Martin , McFarlan Amanda , Baker Andrew , Rigamonti Andrea , Singh Jeffrey , Kutsogiannis Demetrios , Brochard Laurent 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background: Limited information exist about the epidemiology, outcomes, and predictors of weaning from mechanical ventilation in patients with spinal cord injury. Our aim was to investigate predictors of weaning outcomes for patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) and develop and validate a prognostic model and score for weaning success.
Methods: Registry-based, multicentric cohort study including all adult patients with tSCI requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) and admitted to one of the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of the Trauma Registry at St. Michael’s Hospital (Toronto, Ontario) and the Canadian Rick Hansen Spinal Cord Injury Registry (RHSCIR) between 2005 and 2019.
The primary outcome was weaning success from MV at ICU discharge. Secondary outcomes included weaning success at days 14 and 28, time to liberation from MV accounting for competing risk of death, and ventilator-free days at 28 and 60 days.
Associations between baseline characteristics and weaning success or time to liberation from MV were measured using multivariable logistic and competing risk regressions. A parsimonious model to predict weaning success and ICU discharge was developed and validated via bootstrap. A prediction score for weaning success at ICU dischargewas derived, and its discriminative ability assessed using ROC curve analysis and compared to the Injury Severity Score (ISS).
Results: Of 459 patients analyzed, 246 (53.6%), 302 (65.8%) and 331 (72.1%) were alive and free of MV at Day 14, 28, and ICU discharge, respectively; 54 (11.8%) died in the ICU. Median time to liberation from MV was 12 days. Factors associated with weaning success were Blunt injury (OR 2.96, p=0.010), ISS (OR 0.98, p=0.025), Complete lesion (OR 0.53, p=0.009), age in Years (OR 0.98, p=0.003), and Cervical LEsion (OR 0.60, p=0.045). The “BICYCLE” score showed a greater area under the curve than ISS (0.689 [95%CI 0.631–0.743) vs. 0.537 [95%CI 0.479–0.595], p<0.0001). Factors predicting weaning success also predicted time to liberation.
Conclusion: In a large multicentric cohort, 72% of patients with tSCI were weaned and discharged alive from ICU. Readily available admission characteristics can reasonably predict weaning success and help prognostication.
The association between insulin use and asthma: an epidemiological observational analysis and Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Lin Zikai , Huang Junfeng , Xie Shuojia , Zheng Ziwen , Tang Kailun , Li Shiyue , Chen Ruchong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Asthma is a common respiratory disease caused by genetic and environmental factors, but the contribution of insulin use to the risk of asthma remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between insulin use and asthma in a large population-based cohort, and further explore their causal relationship by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
Methods
An epidemiological study including 85,887 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2018 was performed to evaluate the association between insulin use and asthma. Based on the inverse-variance weighted approach, the MR analysis involving multiple cohorts was conducted to estimate the causal effect of insulin use on asthma.
Results
In the NHANES cohort, we found that insulin use was associated with an increased risk of asthma (odd ratio [OR] = 1.38; 95%CI: 1.16–1.64; p < 0.001). For the MR analysis, we found a causal relationship between insulin use and a higher risk of asthma in both Finn (OR = 1.10; p < 0.001) and UK Biobank cohorts (OR = 1.18; p < 0.001). Meanwhile, there was no causal association between diabetes and asthma. After multivariable adjustment for diabetes, the insulin use remained significantly associated with an increased risk of asthma (OR = 1.17, p < 0.001).
Conclusions
An association between insulin use and an increased risk of asthma was found via the real-world data from the NHANES. In addition, the current study identified a casual effect and provided a genetic evidence of insulin use and asthma. More studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the association between insulin use and asthma.
Five different ways of reasoning: Tanzanian healthcare workers’ ideas about how to improve HIV prevention among same-sex attracted men
Authors: Ishungisa Alexander Mwijage , Mmbaga Elia John , Leshabari Melkizedeck Thomas , Tersbøl Britt Pinkowski , Moen Kåre 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Same-sex attracted men in Tanzania and globally carry a disproportionate burden of HIV. Drawing on qualitative research, this article explores healthcare providers’ ideas and recommendations regarding how to improve HIV prevention among same-sex attracted men.
Methods: We carried out a qualitative study among healthcare workers in the cities of Dar es Salaam and Tanga in Tanzania between August 2018 and October 2019. Data collection entailed qualitative interviewing, focus group discussions and participant observation. Study participants were recruited through a purposive sampling strategy that aimed to ensure variation in age, education and work experience. Forty-eight interviews with 24 healthcare workers, six focus group discussions and participant observation were conducted. A total of 64 persons participated in the study.
Results: This paper describes five different “ways of reasoning” that were identified among healthcare workers regarding how to strengthen HIV prevention among same-sex attracted men.One held that punitive measures should be taken to prevent HIV transmission, another that health services needed to become more friendly towards men who have sex with men, a third that healthcare workers should reach out to provide more education to this population, a fourth called for strengthened collaboration between healthcare providers and same-sex attracted men in healthcare delivery, and the fifth proposed that activistic efforts be taken to remove structural barriers for same-sex attracted men to access healthcare.
Conclusion: When reflecting on what is needed to strengthen HIV prevention among men who have sex with men, healthcare workers described six different ideas. One was that restrictive and punitive measures ought to be taken to prevent HIV transmission through same-sex sex. The remaining five promoted understanding of and support for same-sex attracted men. They prescribed more healthcare education, measures to improve attitudes among healthcare workers, healthcare delivery with user involvement, and political action to achieve law reform. Finally, some study participants raised concerns about the implementation of the national comprehensive package for key populations.
Designing Dithiolene and Bis(iminothiolato)-based 1D Metal-organic-frameworks for electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution reaction.
Authors: Das Priya , Ball Biswajit , Goswami Biplab , Sarkar Pranab 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Hydrogen is considered as one of the most important clean and renewable energy resources to get rid of carbon-based fuels and to solve the problem of environmental hazzards caused for using fossil fuels. Hence, the large-scale production of hydrogen by water splitting through Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) demands inexpensive and efficient electrocatalysts to replace the scarce and expensive noble metal-based catalysts. In this work, using the density functional theory (DFT)-based computations, we have considered a family of one dimensional (1D) metal organic frameworks (MOFs), namely TM-dithiolene (TM-BTT), and TM-bis(iminothiolato) (TM-BIT), consisting of benzene-1,2,4,5-tetrathiolate (BTT) and benzene-bis(iminothiolato) (BIT) organic ligands, respectively and a family of first row transition metals (TM = Fe, Co, and Ni), to find their catalytic activity towards HER. Using the Gibbs free energy for the adsorption of atomic hydrogen ( $\mathrm{\Delta G_{H^{*}}}$) as the key descriptor, we reached to the conclusion that Ni-bis(iminothiolato) MOF exhibit better catalytic activity towards HER over all other investigated 1D-MOFs.
miR-322 promotes the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes
Authors: Liu Kai , Peng Xiaoping , Luo Liang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Previous studies have depicted that miR-322 can regulate the function of various stem cells. However, its role and mechanism in the ability of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to differentiate into cardiomyocytes are still unknown. Celf1 can play vital roles in stem cell differentiation and may be a potential target of miR-322 in ESCs’ differentiation. An experiment was performed on mouse ESCs transfected with lentivirus-mediated miR-322 to study the function of miR-322. RT-PCR results indicated that miR-322 could increase NKX-2.5, MLC2V, and α-MHC mRNA expression, signifying that miR-322 might promote the differentiation of ESCs towards cardiomyocytes in vitro. Western blot and immunofluorescence results likewise confirmed this conclusion. In addition, the experiment found that the knockdown of miR-322 expression could inhibit ESCs’ differentiation towards cardiomyocytes in cultured ESCs in vitro. Western blot results presented that miR-322 could suppress celf1 protein expression. Furthermore, Western blot, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence results manifested that celf1 might inhibit ESCs’ differentiation towards cardiomyocytes in vitro. Overall, the results signified that miR-322 might promote ESCs’ differentiation towards cardiomyocytes by regulating celf1 expressions.
An investigation on space debris of unknown origin using proper elements and neural networks
Authors: Wu Di , Rosengren Aaron 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Satellite proper elements are developed to analytically connect its quasi-constancy feature with long-term dynamics evolution. A large number of space debris with both known and unknown origins are investigated. Applying satellites proper elements, we get the space debris families representation for space debris from the same breakup event, wrapping each space debris' time series evolution into a single set of proper elements. A simple deep neural networks is introduced to answer the basic question of whether any two space debris are from the same family or not. This introduces flexible nonlinear criteria and replaces the threshold criteria in the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN). Space objects with unknown origins and their proper elements are investigated with this neural networks augmented DBSCAN. We further show the existence of debris families in those objects.
Mechanical behavior and particle crushing of irregular granular material under high pressure using discrete element method
Authors: Chen Qinglin , Li Zugui , Dai Zeyu , Wang Xiaojun , Zhang Chao , Zhang Xuepeng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study investigated the influence of stress levels on the mechanical behavior and particle crushing of irregular granular materials. Granular materials with irregular sides were modelled using the discrete element method (DEM). A new method of using a shear fracture zone to characterize the deformation of irregular granular materials under high pressure was proposed. The crushing energy is analysed based on the first law of thermodynamics. The shear strength of irregular granular materials shows significantly nonlinear behavior due to particle crushing. The deformation behavior can be characterized with the help of particle rotation under low confining pressure, and can be characterized with the help of particle breakage under high confining pressure. Granular materials easily break into many single fine particles under high confining pressure. The breakage degree can be represented by the value of crushing energy. Irregular granular materials have a large breakage degree under high confining pressures. It weakens the stability of engineered structures constructed from granular materials.