bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Illicit cigarette purchasing after implementation of menthol cigarette bans in Canada: findings from the 2016–2018 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys
Authors: Chung-Hall Janet , Fong Geoffrey T , Meng Gang , Craig Lorraine V 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of menthol cigarette bans on use and purchasing of illicit cigarettes among menthol and non-menthol smokers in seven Canadian provinces.MethodsData from 1098 non-menthol smokers and 138 menthol smokers in Canada who completed the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey in 2016 (pre-ban) and 2018 (post-ban). Brand validation analysis was conducted to (1) compare self-reported use of menthols versus actual use of menthols as regular brand, and verify self-reported purchasing of menthols among pre-ban menthol smokers at post-ban; and (2) assess pre-post ban changes in purchasing of illicit cigarettes from First Nations reserves among non-menthol smokers and menthol smokers.ResultsAmong the subset of 138 pre-ban menthol smokers, 36 (19.5%) reported smoking menthols at post-ban. Brand validation analyses showed that 19 (9.0%) were actually using a non-menthol brand; of the 17 (10.5%) who were actually using a menthol brand, 13 (7.9%) bought a menthol brand at last purchase, and 4 (2.6%) bought a non-menthol brand. Among the full sample of smokers who purchased cigarettes from First Nations reserves at both pre-ban and post-ban, there was no change in purchasing of menthols (n=9 menthol smokers; 51.2% vs 51.2%, p=1.00), non-menthols (n=1024 non-menthol smokers; 9.1% vs 8.7%, p=0.69) or all cigarettes (menthol+non-menthol) (n=1086 smokers; 9.7% vs 9.2%, p=0.56).ConclusionsActual rates of brand-verified menthol smoking were substantially lower than self-reported rates at post-ban. After Canada’s menthol ban, there was no increase in illicit purchasing of menthol or non-menthol cigarettes from First Nations reserves.
Economic cost of cigarette smoking in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Gligorić Dragan , Preradović Kulovac Dragana , Micic Ljubisa , Vulovic Violeta 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundCigarette use is one of the major risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with 41.1% of adults being current smokers in 2019 and almost half of current smokers using more than 20 cigarettes per day.MethodsThis study applies the prevalence-based, cost-of-illness approach to estimate the annual economic cost of smoking in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2019.ResultsThe study estimates that cigarette use by adults in Bosnia and Herzegovina caused between 24.4% and 42.8% of all deaths in 2019 and a total economic cost of between €367.5 and €635.1 million (2.0%–3.5% of gross domestic product). The direct costs represent the largest share of the total cost (between 1.0% and 1.7% of gross domestic product).ConclusionCigarette use imposes a significant health and economic burden in the society of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Various tobacco control measures can be implemented to prevent and reduce tobacco consumption and the negative health consequences of tobacco use. Numerous studies have shown taxes on tobacco products are very effective in reducing tobacco use, especially among certain demographic groups, such as youth and low-income individuals. Smoke-free laws have also shown benefits. Other policy measures that can be implemented include restrictions to advertising, limitations on who can purchase tobacco products, how and where they can be purchased, etc. In addition, governments could also implement various education programmes on the negative health consequences of smoking. The results of this study provide information that calls for prompt and strengthened implementation of tobacco control measures to reduce cigarette consumption in the country and improve the health outcomes and productivity of its inhabitants.
Fertilizing effect of wastewater-derived granular struvite on contrasting Manitoba soils
Authors: Thiessen Martens Joanne R. , Srinathan Oban D. , Amarakoon Inoka 
Published: January 2023

Wastewater-derived struvite is a promising phosphorus (P) fertilizer but more information on its behaviour in soil is needed to guide management practices for this slow-release fertilizer. After 20 days of incubation in two contrasting low-P soils in Petri dishes at two temperatures, the Olsen-P concentrations in soil surrounding struvite granules were 30–122 mg kg−1, which were much lower than after amendment with monoammonium phosphate (MAP) (435–1063 mg kg−1). Olsen-P concentrations further from the granule showed that MAP fertilized a larger volume of soil than struvite. Thus, the fertilizing effect of struvite may be very localized in soil.
Unlocking national treasures: the core scanning approach
Authors: Damaschke M. , Fellgett M. W. , Howe M. P. A. , Watson C. J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Drill core is a vital resource for subsurface characterization and informs process understanding. However, it is expensive to collect and, as a result, the geoscience community increasingly relies on data from legacy core to address today's energy challenges. Many countries store geological materials collected over decades in national archives. In the UK, over 600 km of drill core is currently stored at the UK national core repository, which covers a breadth of the UK's geology, including those targeted for resources, energy and waste storage. The challenge is to maximize the value of these analogue archives and new core when deposited – improving access to materials and associated data, whilst simultaneously maximizing preservation to ensure optimized use, now and in the future. This paper summarizes the BGS approach to characterize drill core more efficiently and consistently using a multiple-technique core scanning approach set within a project-specific core scanning workflow to increase core data acquisition and complement traditional core characterization practices. Thus, creating a digital record of the core, preserving it beyond its physical lifetime and improving accessibility. This paper highlights the benefits and challenges of this long-term endeavour, especially in making the data open access and discoverable.
WNT5a Signaling through ROR2 Activates the Hippo Pathway to Suppress YAP1 Activity and Tumor Growth
Authors: Wang Keshan , Ma Fen , Arai Seiji , Wang Yun , Varkaris Andreas , Poluben Larysa , Voznesensky Olga , Xie Fang , Zhang Xiaoping , Yuan Xin , Balk Steven P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNoncanonical Wnt signaling by WNT5a has oncogenic and tumor suppressive activities, but downstream pathways mediating these specific effects remain to be fully established. In a subset of prostate cancer organoid culture and xenograft models, inhibition of Wnt synthesis stimulated growth, whereas WNT5a or a WNT5a mimetic peptide (Foxy5) markedly suppressed tumor growth. WNT5a caused a ROR2-dependent decrease in YAP1 activity, which was associated with increased phosphorylation of MST1/2, LATS1, MOB1, and YAP1, indicating Hippo pathway activation. Deletion of MST1/2 abrogated the WNT5a response. WNT5a similarly activated Hippo in ROR2-expressing melanoma cells, whereas WNT5a in ROR2-negative cells suppressed Hippo. This suppression was associated with increased inhibitory phosphorylation of NF2/Merlin that was not observed in ROR2-expressing cells. WNT5a also increased mRNA encoding Hippo pathway components including MST1 and MST2 and was positively correlated with these components in prostate cancer clinical datasets. Conversely, ROR2 and WNT5a expression was stimulated by YAP1, and correlated with increased YAP1 activity in clinical datasets, revealing a WNT5a/ROR2 negative feedback loop to modulate YAP1 activity. Together these findings identify Hippo pathway activation as a mechanism that mediates the tumor suppressive effects of WNT5a and indicate that expression of ROR2 may be a predictive biomarker for responsiveness to WNT5a-mimetic drugs.Significance:WNT5a signaling through ROR2 activates the Hippo pathway to downregulate YAP1/TAZ activity and suppress tumor growth, identifying ROR2 as a potential biomarker to identify patients that could benefit from WNT5a-related agents.
The Importance of Recency of Cancer Diagnosis in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19—Glimpses from an EHR-based Study
Authors: Egan Pamela C. , Jani Chinmay , Singh Harpreet , Mishra Sanjay , Warner Jeremy L. 
Published: January 2023

Multiple prior studies have shown an increased risk of severe disease and death from SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with cancer. Nolan and colleagues conducted a multi-institution, electronic health record (EHR)-based study of adults hospitalized with COVID-19 delineating the difference in outcomes when stratified by current versus former cancer diagnosis and found that only a current diagnosis appears to confer an increased risk of severe COVID-19 and death.
We review these findings in the context of other studies examining outcomes for individuals with cancer diagnoses and COVID-19. We also address questions raised by this type of study about the significant challenges of EHR-based studies and discuss potential avenues for future research in this arena.
See related article by Nolan et al., p. 12
Synthetic Lethal Interaction with BCL-XL Blockade Deepens Response to Cetuximab in Patient-Derived Models of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Leto Simonetta M. , Ferri Martina , Sassi Francesco , Zanella Eugenia R. , Cottino Francesca , Vurchio Valentina , Catalano Irene , Ferrero Alessandro , Zingaretti Caterina C. , Marchiò Caterina , Grassi Elena , Trusolino Livio , Bertotti Andrea 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurpose:Approximately 20% of patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) experience objective responses to the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab, but disease eradication is seldom achieved. The extent of tumor shrinkage correlates with long-term outcome. We aimed to find rational combinations that potentiate cetuximab efficacy by disrupting adaptive dependencies on antiapoptotic molecules (BCL2, BCL-XL, MCL1).Experimental Design:Experiments were conducted in patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and organoids (PDXO). Apoptotic priming was analyzed by BH3 profiling. Proapoptotic and antiapoptotic protein complexes were evaluated by co-immunoprecipitation and electroluminescence sandwich assays. The effect of combination therapies was assessed by caspase activation in PDXOs and by monitoring PDX growth.Results:A population trial in 314 PDX cohorts, established from as many patients, identified 46 models (14.6%) with appreciable (&gt;50% tumor shrinkage) but incomplete response to cetuximab. From these models, 14 PDXOs were derived. Cetuximab primed cells for apoptosis, but only concomitant blockade of BCL-XL precipitated cell death. Mechanistically, exposure to cetuximab induced upregulation of the proapoptotic protein BIM and its sequestration by BCL-XL. Inhibition of BCL-XL resulted in displacement of BIM, which was not buffered by MCL1 and thereby became competent to induce apoptosis. In five PDX models, combination of cetuximab and a selective BCL-XL inhibitor triggered apoptosis and led to more pronounced tumor regressions and longer time to relapse after treatment discontinuation than cetuximab alone.Conclusions:In mCRC tumors that respond to cetuximab, antibody treatment confers a synthetic-lethal dependency on BCL-XL. Targeting this dependency unleashes apoptosis and increases the depth of response to cetuximab.
Discovery of a Novel ATP-Competitive MEK Inhibitor DS03090629 that Overcomes Resistance Conferred by BRAF Overexpression in BRAF-Mutated Melanoma
Authors: Takano Kohei , Munehira Yoichi , Hatanaka Mana , Murakami Ryo , Shibata Yoshihiro , Shida Takeshi , Takeuchi Kosuke , Takechi Sho , Tabata Toshiki , Shimada Takashi , Kishikawa Shuhei , Matsui Yumi , Ubukata Osamu , Seki Takahiko , Kaneta Yasuyuki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPatients with melanoma with activating BRAF mutations (BRAF V600E/K) initially respond to combination therapy of BRAF and MEK inhibitors. However, their clinical efficacy is limited by acquired resistance, in some cases driven by amplification of the mutant BRAF gene and subsequent reactivation of the MAPK pathway. DS03090629 is a novel and orally available MEK inhibitor that inhibits MEK in an ATP-competitive manner. In both in vitro and in vivo settings, potent inhibition of MEK by DS03090629 or its combination with the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib was demonstrated in a mutant BRAF-overexpressing melanoma cell line model that exhibited a higher MEK phosphorylation level than the parental cell line and then became resistant to dabrafenib and the MEK inhibitor trametinib. DS03090629 also exhibited superior efficacy against a melanoma cell line–expressing mutant MEK1 protein compared with dabrafenib and trametinib. Biophysical analysis revealed that DS03090629 retained its affinity for the MEK protein regardless of its phosphorylation status, whereas the affinity of trametinib declined when the MEK protein was phosphorylated. These results suggest that DS03090629 may be a novel therapeutic option for patients who acquire resistance to the current BRAF- and MEK-targeting therapies.
Abstract A007: Racial disparities bias oncology AI models
Authors: Chen Richard J. , Williamson Drew F.K. , Lu Ming Y. , Chen Tiffany Y. , Lipkova Jana , Shaban Muhammad , Mahmood Faisal 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Deep learning-based computational pathology models can be trained to make accurate diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic response predictions. Such models have also recently received regulatory approval in Europe and in the US. However, a majority of these models are trained and independently evaluated on large repositories of data representative of overall patient populations without extensive evaluation on underrepresented minorities or other subgroups. Here we show that such pathology AI models can be biased when independent and external evaluation test sets are stratified by race, demonstrating the need for more extensive evaluation of such models before regulatory approvals
Citation Format: Richard J. Chen, Drew F.K. Williamson, Ming Y. Lu, Tiffany Y. Chen, Jana Lipkova, Muhammad Shaban, Faisal Mahmood. Racial disparities bias oncology AI models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A007.
Abstract A087: Developing immortalized human alveolar epithelial cell models to study lung adenocarcinoma in Black Americans
Authors: Puente Pablo E. , Yan Chunli , Gregory Matthew , Belony Nadine , Lamango Nazarius , Huang Yong , Offringa Ite A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Lung cancer is a source of racial disparity among Black Americans, especially men. Despite lower tobacco exposure among Black men than White men, Black men are 37% more likely to develop lung cancer. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype of lung cancer in all ethnic/racial groups, including Blacks. KRASis the most frequently mutated driver gene in Black LUAD (~30%), and NRAS mutations are also seen (1-2%). A given oncogenic mutation could have different effects on a patient based on their racial/ethnic genetic background. Thus, studying the appropriate driver mutations in the correct model and genetic background is essential. Unfortunately, to our knowledge, there is only one LUAD cell line from a Black subject. Therefore, we are deriving immortalized human alveolar epithelial cell (hAEC) lines from Black Americans to develop models to study lung adenocarcinoma in Blacks. The Offringa lab has recently developed a rapid method to generate hAEC lines. We have generated three distinct hAEC lines from de-identified remnant transplant lungs from White Americans. Here, we will use the same method to establish new hAEC lines from de-identified human remnant transplant lungs from Black American subjects. hAECs grow well in 2-dimensional (2D) cultures as epithelial monolayers are capable of forming alveolar-like organoids in 3-dimensional (3D) cultures with fibroblasts and Matrigel. We will introduce the KRAS driver mutation alone or in combination with other oncogenes into the hAECs using CRISPR/Cas9 editing. The cell lines will be used to test KRAS-targeting therapeutics, including polyisoprenylated cysteinyl amide inhibitors (PCAIs). These agents have been shown to disrupt RAS-mediated signaling in ethnically/racially diverse cell lines. Our approach yields new cell lines that provide a valuable system to study LUAD in Black Americans. Through our research, we intend to address one facet of the prominent lack of representation of Black Americans in LUAD studies.
Citation Format: Pablo E. Puente, Chunli Yan, Matthew Gregory, Nadine Belony, Nazarius Lamango, Yong Huang, Ite A. Offringa. Developing immortalized human alveolar epithelial cell models to study lung adenocarcinoma in Black Americans [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A087.
Abstract A098: Health access and willingness to screen for prostate cancer among black men in Nigeria, Cameroon, and United States
Authors: Bolajoko Opeyemi O. , Oladoyinbo Catherine A. , Odedina Folakemi T. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Access to health care is important for prostate cancer (CaP) screening and control. There is evidence of the racial disparities in health access of black men and Hispanics; however, the comparison between black men's access to health in the United States and those in Africa has not been fully elucidated. Aim: This study aims to evaluate health access and willingness to screen for CaP among black men in Nigeria, Cameroon, and United States. Methods: The Prostate Cancer Transatlantic Consortium (CaPTC) family cohort study phase 1 data of 500 community-dwelling black men in Nigeria, Cameroon, and the United States between 35 and 70 years were used in this study. The association between healthcare access and the willingness to screen for CaP was assessed. The data were described using numbers and percentages; Chi-square was used to test for the association between healthcare access and willingness to screen for CaP. P-values &lt; 0.05 was set as significant. Results: The study showed that 86.1% were from Nigeria, 6.1% from Cameroon, and 7.8% from the United States. Most (75.6%) had never had prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening, and 87.8% had never had digital rectal examination (DRE). Willingness to screen was found in 36.8%, while 11.6% could not decide to screen; 27.4% and 33% were willing to screen for DRE and PSA, respectively. Majority (83.8%) had no access to medical doctors in the last 12 months, and the country of residence was not found to improve access to health (p= 0.378). Healthcare insurance coverage was more available to the US participants with 68.4%, 42.9% in Nigeria, and 16.7% in Cameroon. Overall willingness to screen, willingness for DRE and PSA screening were significantly associated with the country of residence with p-values of 0.02, &lt;0.01, and &lt;0.01, respectively. Having healthcare coverage was also associated with overall willingness to screen (p=0.033). Conclusions: The study showed that country of residence was not associated with health access; however, willingness for CaP screening was significantly associated with the country of residence and healthcare insurance coverage.
Citation Format: Opeyemi O. Bolajoko, Catherine A. Oladoyinbo, Folakemi T. Odedina. Health access and willingness to screen for prostate cancer among black men in Nigeria, Cameroon, and United States [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A098.
Abstract B010: Systematic review to identify how nurses may improve communication with Black patients living beyond a cancer diagnosis
Authors: Hirschey Rachel , Guimond Elizabeth , Getachew Berhan , Sheffield-Abdullah Karen Miles , Conklin Jamie , Nolan Timiya S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Compared to White patients, Black patients are more often diagnosed with several types of cancer, experience more treatment related complications and worse outcomes. Multi-level factors influence these disparities. At the interpersonal level, disparities in patient-clinician communication exist for patients of different races. For example, patient clinician conversations are often shorter for Black as compared to White patients. The purpose of this literature review is to examine factors that impact communication between Black patients and their oncology nurse clinicians and consider how communication can be improved. A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, CINAHL with Full Text (EBSCOhost), and Scopus were used to locate studies that met the following inclusion criteria: (1) focused on individual living beyond a cancer diagnosis, (2) contained results specific to Black or African American participants, and (3) focused on patient-clinician communication. Two researchers independently reviewed 935 title/abstracts, then 71 full-text articles, to identify a final 24 studies that met inclusion criteria. Each included study was evaluated for level of evidence strength to inform nursing practice. The Matrix Method was used to identify common themes across studies. Five themes were identified: (1) relationship building, (2) trust, (3) shared decision-making, (4) topics of patient concern, and (5) consideration of family. Results indicate several ways in which nurses can work to improve communication for Black patients.
Citation Format: Rachel Hirschey, Elizabeth Guimond, Berhan Getachew, Karen Miles Sheffield-Abdullah, Jamie Conklin, Timiya S. Nolan. Systematic review to identify how nurses may improve communication with Black patients living beyond a cancer diagnosis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B010.