bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward an understanding of potato starch structure, function, biosynthesis, and applications
Authors: Tong Chuan , Ma Zheng , Chen Hangjun , Gao Haiyan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStarch is the most important component in potato tubers, whose structure and composition play key roles in properties of potato storage, processing, and applications. This review identifies the biodiversity of starch content, structure, and physiochemical properties, particularly the amylose and amylopectin content, molecular and granular structure, gelatinization, retrogradation, swelling power, solubility, and digestibility of potato in the past decade. Various functions of major potato starch biosynthesis‐related enzymes, such as AGPase, starch synthase, starch branching enzyme, debranching enzyme, and glucan/water dikinase, are also summarized. The potential utilization of native and modified potato starch in food and medicine fields owing to its high pasting viscosity is also analyzed. This review will contribute to a better understanding of the genetics–structure–functions of potato starch and may provide insights into potential potato starch utilization and further genetic improvement of starch quality.
Schwann cell‐specific RhoA knockout accelerates peripheral nerve regeneration via promoting Schwann cell dedifferentiation
Authors: Liu Jingmin , Ma Xinrui , Hu Xiaofang , Wen Jinkun , Zhang Haowen , Xu Jiawei , He Ye , Wang Xianghai , Guo Jiasong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOur previous studies indicated that RhoA knockdown or inhibition could alleviate the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of Schwann cells. However, the role of RhoA in Schwann cells during nerve injury and repair is still unknown. Herein, we developed two lines of Schwann cells conditional RhoA knockout (cKO) mice by breeding RhoAflox/flox mice with PlpCre‐ERT2 or DhhCre mice. Our results indicate that RhoA cKO in Schwann cells accelerates axonal regrowth and remyelination after sciatic nerve injury, which enhances the recovery of nerve conduction and hindlimb gait, and alleviates the amyotrophy in gastrocnemius muscle. Mechanistic studies in both in vivo and in vitro models revealed that RhoA cKO could facilitate Schwann cell dedifferentiation via JNK pathway. Schwann cell dedifferentiation subsequently promotes Wallerian degeneration by enhancing phagocytosis and myelinophagy, as well as stimulating the production of neurotrophins (NT‐3, NGF, BDNF, and GDNF). These findings shed light on the role of RhoA in Schwann cells during nerve injury and repair, indicating that cell type‐specific RhoA targeting could serve as a promising molecular therapeutic strategy for peripheral nerve injury.
Chromatin access regulates the formation of Müller glia‐derived progenitor cells in the retina
Authors: Campbell Warren A. , El‐Hodiri Heithem M. , Torres Diego , Hawthorn Evan C. , Kelly Lisa E. , Volkov Leo , Akanonu David , Fischer Andy J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChromatin access and epigenetic control over gene expression play important roles in regulating developmental processes. However, little is known about how chromatin access and epigenetic gene silencing influence mature glial cells and retinal regeneration. Herein, we investigate the expression and functions of S‐adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH; AHCY) and histone methyltransferases (HMTs) during the formation of Müller glia (MG)‐derived progenitor cells (MGPCs) in the chick and mouse retinas. In chick, AHCY, AHCYL1 and AHCYL2, and many different HMTs are dynamically expressed by MG and MGPCs in damaged retinas. Inhibition of SAHH reduced levels of H3K27me3 and potently blocks the formation of proliferating MGPCs. By using a combination of single cell RNA‐seq and single cell ATAC‐seq, we find significant changes in gene expression and chromatin access in MG with SAHH inhibition and NMDA‐treatment; many of these genes are associated with glial and neuronal differentiation. A strong correlation across gene expression, chromatin access, and transcription factor motif access in MG was observed for transcription factors known to convey glial identity and promote retinal development. By comparison, in the mouse retina, inhibition of SAHH has no influence on the differentiation of neuron‐like cells from Ascl1‐overexpressing MG. We conclude that in the chick the activity of SAHH and HMTs are required for the reprogramming of MG into MGPCs by regulating chromatin access to transcription factors associated with glial differentiation and retinal development.
Integrin β3 regulates apical dendritic morphology of pyramidal neurons throughout hippocampal CA3
Authors: Handwerk Christopher J. , Denzler Collin J. , Kalinowski Anna R. , Cook Hollyn N. , Rodriguez Hilda V. , Bland Katherine M. , Brett Cooper A. , Swinehart Brian D. , Vinson Elizabeth C. , Vidal George S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn excitatory hippocampal pyramidal neurons, integrin β3 is critical for synaptic maturation and plasticity in vitro. Itgb3 is a potential autism susceptibility gene that regulates dendritic morphology in the cerebral cortex in a cell‐specific manner. However, it is unknown what role Itgb3 could have in regulating hippocampal pyramidal dendritic morphology in vivo, a key feature that is aberrant in many forms of autism and intellectual disability. We found that Itgb3 mRNA is expressed in the stratum pyramidale of CA3. We examined the apical dendritic morphology of CA3 hippocampal pyramidal neurons in conditional Itgb3 knockouts and controls, utilizing the Thy1‐GFP‐M line. We fully reconstructed the apical dendrite of each neuron and determined each neuron's precise location along the dorsoventral, proximodistal, and radial axes of the stratum pyramidale. We found a very strong effect for Itgb3 expression on CA3 apical dendritic morphology: neurons from conditional Itgb3 knockouts had longer and thinner apical dendrites than controls, particularly in higher branch orders. We also assessed potential relationships between pairs of topographic or morphological variables, finding that most variable pairs were free from any linear relationships to each other. We also found that some neurons from controls, but not conditional Itgb3 knockouts, had a graded pattern of overall diameter along the dorsoventral and proximodistal axes of the stratum pyramidale of CA3. Taken together, Itgb3 is essential for constructing normal dendritic morphology in pyramidal neurons throughout CA3.
Dimensionality reduction for regional flood frequency analysis: Linear versus nonlinear methods
Authors: Haddad K. , Rahman A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRegional flood frequency analysis is still an important area of hydrology research as there are many ungauged catchments. The majority of hydrological methods in regional flood frequency analysis involve complex non‐linear relationships between predictor variables and flood characteristics. In the past, dimensionality reduction techniques based on linear methods such as canonical correlation analysis (CCA) were used in regional flood frequency analysis to delineate hydrological clusters. Non‐linear dimensionality reduction techniques, such as KCCA and multidimensional scaling (MDS), have been used in several fields of science, but not explicitly in regional flood frequency analysis. To determine hydrologically similar clusters, the approaches considered in this article use CCA, KCCA, and MDS as dimensionality reduction techniques in conjunction with Gaussian mixture models (GMM). Log‐linear regression and generalized additive models are then applied to the hydrological clusters to evaluate regional flood frequency analysis. A comparison of linear and non‐linear (NL) methods is performed using data from Victoria, Australia, to demonstrate the benefit of these methods. It has been found that the non‐linear frameworks of multi‐dimensional scaling with Gaussian mixture model‐non‐linear (MDSGMM‐NL) and KCCA with Gaussian mixture model‐non‐linear (KCCAGMM‐NL), as well as the mixed frameworks (i.e. KCCA and Gaussian mixture model‐non‐linear [CCAGMM‐NL]), can be used to represent the non‐linear complexities of hydrological processes in regional flood frequency analysis.
Antibodies to oral pathobionts and colon cancer risk in the CLUE I cohort study
Authors: Debertin Julia , Teles Flavia , Martin Lynn M. , Lu Jiayun , Koestler Devin C. , Kelsey Karl T. , Beck James D. , Platz Elizabeth A. , Michaud Dominique S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPeriodontitis has been associated with an increased risk for gastrointestinal cancers. The objective of our study was to investigate the association of antibodies to oral bacteria and the risk of colon cancer in a cohort setting. Using the CLUE I cohort, a prospective cohort initiated in 1974 in Washington County, Maryland, we conducted a nested case‐control study to examine the association of levels of IgG antibodies to 11 oral bacterial species (13 total strains) with risk of colon cancer diagnosed a median of 16 years later (range: 1‐26 years). Antibody response was measured using checkerboard immunoblotting assays. We included 200 colon cancer cases and 200 controls matched on age, sex, cigarette smoking status, time of blood draw and pipe or cigar smoking status. Controls were selected using incidence density sampling. Conditional logistic regression models were used to assess the association between antibody levels and colon cancer risk. In the overall analysis, we observed significant inverse associations for 6 of the 13 antibodies measured (P‐trends <.05) and one positive association for antibody levels to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 29523; P‐trend = .04). While we cannot rule out a role for periodontal disease in colon cancer risk, findings from our study suggest that a strong adaptive immune response may be associated with a lower risk of colon cancer. More studies will need to examine whether the positive associations we observed with antibodies to A. actinomycetemcomitans reflect a true causal association for this bacterium.
Involvement of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and autophagic pathways in the mechanism of action of the tris(2,3‐dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (TDBP‐TAZTO or TBC) flame retardant in the lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells in vitro
Authors: Szychowski Konrad A. , Skóra Bartosz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTris(2,3‐dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (TDBP‐TAZTO or TBC) belongs to the class of novel brominated flame retardants. TBC is relatively easily released from products both during production and use; hence, it has been detected in various environmental samples. It has also been reported that TBC causes toxic effects in different cell types and now its mechanism of action is connected with oxidative stress. However, the molecular mechanism of the TBC action is mostly unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the involvement of the PPARγ receptor and certain autophagic proteins (mTOR and p62) in the mechanism of the TBC action in adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549) in vitro. Our study showed that TBC induced toxicity only at the highest micromolar concentrations (10, 50, and 100 μM) in human A549 cells, which are a well‐established model of the alveolar type II pulmonary epithelium. TBC probably induced apoptosis only at the 50‐ and 100‐μM concentrations. However, in our experimental model, TBC showed the ability to trigger oxidative stress and affected the mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD1 and CAT) at the lower concentrations (1 and 10 μM) than in the case of apoptosis, suggesting that the apoptosis was ROS independent. Our experiments with the PPARγ agonist (rosiglitazone) and antagonist (GW9662) suggests that TBC acted in the A549 cell line probably through activation of the mTOR‐PPARγ pathway and could interfere with the p62 autophagy pathway.
Effect of a modified adhesive system with encapsulated arginine and calcium carbonate on dentin permeability
Authors: AlShehri Aram Mushabbab , Kamocki Krzysztof , Viana Ítallo Emídio Lira , Scaramucci Taís , Hara Anderson , Windsor L. Jack , Platt Jeffrey A. , Cook Norman Blaine , Sochacki Sabrina Feitosa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo modify an adhesive system with halloysite clay nanotubes (HNTs) containing arginine and calcium carbonate and to evaluate their cytocompatibility, viscosity and efficacy in reducing dentin permeability. HNTs containing arginine and calcium carbonate were incorporated into the primer and adhesive of a three‐step adhesive system (SBMP), and their viscosity was measured. Discs (n = 4/group) were prepared: SBMP (control), HNT‐PR (modified primer), HNT‐ADH (modified adhesive) and HNT‐PR + ADH (modified primer and adhesive) were evaluated regarding cell death and viability. Dentin discs were prepared and randomly assigned into the following treatments (n = 10): NC (no treatment), SBMP, HNT‐PR, HNT‐ADH, HNT‐PR + ADH and COL (Colgate® Sensitive Pro‐relief™ prophylaxis paste). After, they were submitted to an erosive‐abrasive cycling. Dentin permeability (hydraulic conductance) was evaluated at baseline, 24 h after treatment and after cycling. Both the modified primer and adhesive showed significantly higher viscosity than their controls. Group HNT‐PR resulted in significantly higher cytotoxicity when compared to SBMP and HNT‐PR + ADH groups. Group HNT‐ADH resulted in the highest cell viability compared to all other groups. All groups showed significantly lower dentin permeability when compared to the NC group. Post‐cycling, SBMP and HNT‐ADH groups showed significantly lower permeability when compared to COL group. The addition of encapsulated arginine and calcium carbonate did not affect the cytocompatibility of the materials nor their ability to reduce dentin permeability.
Successful liver transduction by re‐administration of different adeno‐associated virus vector serotypes in mice
Authors: Baatartsogt Nemekhbayar , Kashiwakura Yuji , Hiramoto Takafumi , Hayakawa Morisada , Kamoshita Nobuhiko , Ohmori Tsukasa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntravenous administration of adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vectors is a promising gene therapy approach for monogenic diseases. However, re‐administration of the same AAV serotype is impossible because of the induction of anti‐AAV neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). Here, we examined the feasibility of re‐administrating AAV vector serotypes different from the initial AAV vector serotype.MethodsLiver‐targeting AAV3B, AAV5, and AAV8 vectors were intravenously injected in C57BL/6 mice, and the emergence of NAbs and the transduction efficacy following re‐administration were evaluated.ResultsFor all serotypes, re‐administration of the same serotype was not possible. Although the highest neutralizing activity of NAb was induced by AAV5, anti‐AAV5 NAbs did not react with other serotypes, resulting in successful re‐administration with the other serotypes. AAV5 re‐administration was also successful in all mice treated with AAV3B and AAV8. Effective secondary administration of AAV3B and AAV8 was observed in most mice initially administrated AAV8 and AAV3B, respectively. However, few mice developed NAbs cross‐reacting with the other serotypes, especially those with close sequence homology.ConclusionsIn summary, AAV vector administration induced NAbs relatively specific to the administrated serotype. Secondary administration of AAVs targeting liver transduction could be successfully achieved by switching AAV serotypes in mice.
Influence of anthropogenic and natural forcings on future changes in precipitation projected by the CMIP6–DAMIP models
Authors: Wang Yafang , Zhao Tianbao , Hua Lijuan , Guan Xiaodan , Xu Chuan , Chen Qingxin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWarming has already changed the patterns of precipitation and increased the risk of extreme climate events. An assessment of the influences from anthropogenic and natural forcings on future changes in precipitation is therefore essential to define appropriate mitigation and adaptation policies. We assess the effects of natural (NAT) and anthropogenic forcings (greenhouse gases [GHG] and anthropogenic aerosols [AA]) on precipitation over land areas simulated under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) SSP2‐4.5 scenario. Our results indicate that changes in precipitation due to GHG forcing, AA forcing and all external forcings (ALL) are projected to increase by about 3.0%–24.8%, 1.1%–6.9% and 4.2%–31.2%, respectively, across most land areas in the twenty‐first century, especially over the mid‐ and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and central Africa, with an increase in the mean and flattening of the probability distribution functions (PDFs). By contrast, the NAT‐induced changes are relatively small, with a slight increase in the mean of the PDFs. The frequencies of both future extreme precipitation and dry events are projected to increase by 11%–101% and 3%–72%, respectively, over many continental regions under the influence of external forcings, especially under GHG forcing. Fingerprinting detection shows that the signals of GHG (except for Australia), AA and ALL forcing are detectable at the likely level (signal‐to‐noise ratio >0.95; 66% confidence) over most land areas. The GHG signals are stronger and detected earlier (after 2010s, likely level) than the AA signals (after 2060s, likely level).
Isolation and identification of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from Tartary buckwheat albumin
Authors: Li Yongfu , Yang Nan , Shi Feng , Ye Fei , Huang Jinrong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDTartary buckwheat protein peptides have been shown to be able to inhibit angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE), but the exact protein type has been less studied for ACE activity inhibition, and only a few types of ACE inhibitory peptides have been reported. In this study, we purified and identified ACE inhibitory peptides from albumin hydrolysate (AH).RESULTSAlbumin, globulin, prolamin and glutelin were extracted from Tartary buckwheat, and their ACE active peptides were obtained by a pepsin–trypsin sequential hydrolysis process. All four hydrolysates exhibited ACE inhibitory activity, and AH displayed the strongest ACE inhibition activity and the highest peptide yield (82.28%). At 0.2 mg mL−1, the inhibition rate of AH was 79.89%, followed by globulin hydrolysate at 71.84%, while prolamin hydrolysate and glutelin hydrolysate showed lower inhibition rates. The peptides with the highest inhibition rate were then isolated from AH using gel filtration chromatography and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography, and identified using nanoscale high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. After isolation and purification, 42 ACE inhibitory peptides were identified in the fraction with the highest inhibition rate, 14 of which were completely novel discoveries in this study. These 14 peptides showed potent ACE inhibitory effects through computer analysis.CONCLUSIONTartary buckwheat albumin can be used as a good source of ACE inhibitory peptides and can be further developed and utilized as edible supplements or drugs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The Burden of Migraine on Quality of Life in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Derbarsegian Armo , Adams Sarah M. , Phillips Katie M. , Sedaghat Ahmad R. 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo determine the impact of comorbid migraine on quality of life (QOL) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).MethodsA total of 213 adult patients with CRS were recruited. All participants completed the 22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22), from which total and validated nasal, ear/facial pain, sleep, and emotional subdomain scores were calculated, and the 5‐dimension EuroQol general health questionnaire (EQ‐5D), from which the visual analogue scale (VAS) and health utility value (HUV) were calculated. The presence of comorbid migraine was determined by a score of ≥4 on the 5‐item Migraine Screen Questionnaire (MS‐Q).ResultsOf the participants, 36.2% were screened positive for having comorbid migraine. The mean SNOT‐22 score was 64.9 (SD: 18.7) in participants with migraine and 41.5 (SD: 21.1) in participants without migraine (p < 0.001). The mean EQ‐5D VAS and HUV were 60.2 (SD: 21.9) and 0.69 (SD: 0.18), respectively, in participants with migraine and 71.4 (SD: 19.4) and 0.84 (SD: 0.13), respectively, in participants without migraine (p < 0.001 for both). Higher ear/facial pain (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.10–1.36, p < 0.001) and sleep (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04–1.18, p = 0.002) SNOT‐22 subdomain scores were positively associated with migraine. The SNOT‐22 item scores related to dizziness, reduced concentration, and facial pain, in descending order, were most associated with migraine. The presence of nasal polyps (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.07 ‐ 0.80, p = 0.020) was negatively associated with migraine.ConclusionComorbid migraine may be relatively common amongst CRS patients, and its presence is associated with significantly worse QOL. Dizziness as a symptom in CRS patients may be particularly indicative of migraine.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:3279–3284, 2023
The value of 3D quantitative scoring of endolymphatic hydrops in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Ménière's disease
Authors: Xiao Heng , Lin Jianwei , Lin Chenxin , Guo Xiaojing , Cai Huimin , Lin Xing , Ye Shengnan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to explore the application of three‐dimensional (3D) quantitative scoring of endolymphatic hydrops (EH) based on gadolinium‐contrast MRI in both the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Ménière's disease (MD).MethodsLocal threshold method based on signal intensities was used to quantitatively measure volumes, and the degree of EH was scored by 3D quantitative scoring. The receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to compare the diagnostic efficacy of this method against conventional evaluation methods. The scores of MD, sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), delayed endolymphatic hydrops (DEH), and vestibular migraine (VM) group were compared and correlated with clinical examination results, including pure tone audiometry (PTA), electrocochleogram, and caloric test.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of 3D quantitative scoring were 94.1% and 92.2%, while conventional evaluation methods were 84.3% and 88.2%, respectively. Cochlear score (CR), vestibular score (VR), semicircular canal score (SR), and total scores (TR) in MD group were significantly higher than those in SSNHL group. The rate of diagnosis of MD was significantly higher in the MD group (92.2%) than VM group (27.3%). In MD, PTA was significantly correlated with CR and SR, the ratio of summating potential to action potential (‐SP/AP) of electrocochleogram was significantly correlated with CR, VR, and SR, also canal paresis (CP) value of caloric test was significantly correlated with SR.Conclusion3D quantitative scoring demonstrated better diagnostic efficacy than conventional evaluation methods for Ménière's disease, and it may be an effective clinical tool to distinguish MD from SSNHL and VM. The clinical practicality of inner ear‐enhanced MRI was further confirmed.Level of EvidenceIV.