bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ
Authors: Куліш Дамір 
Published: February 2023

Залучення національних економік до міжнародних економічних відносин набуває все більшого значення в сучасних динамічно мінливих світових тенденціях. Дедалі ширше відкриття економік зовнішнім ринкам є об'єктивним фактом, зумовленим посиленням процесу глобалізації у світі. Ключовою одиницею економіки будь-якої країни є окрема господарська одиниця – підприємство. У цьому сенсі зовнішньоекономічна діяльність набуває пріоритетного значення у своєму розвитку та функціонуванні. Зовнішньоекономічна діяльність сьогодні розглядається як важлива галузь національної економіки, що має значний вплив на економічний розвиток країни.
Зовнішньоекономічна діяльність охоплює широке розмаїття форм, методів і засобів виходу на міжнародні ринки. Незалежно від специфіки та особливостей кінцевою метою є отримання максимального прибутку. Відмінність зовнішньоекономічної діяльності від господарської практики національних рівних полягає в належності контрагентів у різні країни. Експорт є одним із найпоширеніших методів інтернаціоналізації діяльності підприємства.
Аналіз показує, що існують значні відмінності щодо складу підприємств, які займаються торгівлею в різних видах економічної діяльності. У ЄС найвищі частки двосторонніх торговців були зафіксовані для широкого спектру різних виробничих видів діяльності. Тоді як для більшості послуг більш звичним було виявити, що найбільша частка підприємств, які займаються торгівлею, були лише імпортерами.
У світі, що постійно змінюється підприємства повинні мати рефлекс, щоб регулярно переглядати свої ситуації. Прийняття ефективної стратегії планування зовнішньоекономічної діяльності підприємства буде сприяти довгостроковим цілям та забезпечувати прибутковість підприємства.
ЦИФРОВА ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ ТА НОВІТНІ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ ЯК ПЛАТФОРМА ДЛЯ СТІЙКОГО РОЗВИТКУ БІЗНЕСУ
Authors: Мандич Олександра , Бабко Наталя , Лишенко Маргарита , Харчевнікова Лілія 
Published: February 2023

Стаття присвячена визначенню та аналізу цифрової трансформації бізнесу. У даний час цифровізація є пріоритетною спрямованістю розвитку діяльності будь-якої компанії, яка логічно реалізуються починаючи з окремо взятих бізнес-процесів до побудови моделі бізнесу, що заснована на комплексній цифровій трансформації. Цифровізація бізнес-процесів та підприємств наразі являється об'єктивною необхідністю, яка слугує платформою для підвищення його конкурентоспроможності на ринку. Формування цифрової культури бізнесу є фундаментом його майбутнього функціонування та зростання. Якщо раніше основу конкурентних переваг достатньо було формувати в межах якості, ціни чи рівня обслуговування, то сьогодні для отримання стійкої конкурентної переваги бізнесу необхідно комплексно впроваджувати інновації та цифрові технології на всіх рівнях діяльності. У статті визначено та структуровано послідовність рівнів цифровізації бізнесу з описом їх ключових характеристик. Наведено передумови цифрової трансформації, визначено подальші перспективи та можливі проблемні аспекти.
ІНТЕРАКТИВНА МОДЕЛЬ РОЗВИТКУ ПАРТНЕРСТВА НА ОСНОВІ ПОВЕДІНКОВИХ ДЕТЕРМІНАНТ ВЗАЄМОВІДНОСИН
Authors: Благун Іван , Кукурудз Ростислав 
Published: February 2023

В статті авторами ґрунтовно досліджено соціально-економічні зв’язки між покупцем і постачальником. Проаналізовано чинники і змінні, що впливають на формування взаємовідносин та їх результативність. Також вивчено етапи розвитку зв’язків. Окрему увагу приділено партнерському маркетингу на підприємствах як необхідній умові для стійких конкурентних переваг. Представлені основні напрями дослідження відносин вказують на співіснування різних концепцій, що пояснюють причини та принципи розвитку довгострокових зв'язків між компаніями. Детально проведено аналіз невизначеності середовища як найбільш дискусійної змінної, що впливає на співпрацю у двосторонніх відносинах.
Corruption abuse of humanitarian and free aid in the context of armed conflicts: a comparative legal study
Authors: Bondarenko O. S. 
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of an extremely important topic under martial law, which is the characteristics of certain corrupt practices in relation to free and humanitarian aid in foreign countries and Ukraine, with the aim of finding optimal ways to combat corruption in the sphere of rational and effective use of free and humanitarian aid during armed conflicts.
It has been noted that with the beginning of the first states existence, the initial forms of corruption abuse by officials, priests and other persons endowed with power also appeared. The first attempts to combat corruption date back to the times of Babylon and Ancient Egypt. However, corruption is a very specific phenomenon that skillfully adapts to any life circumstances, changes in political regimes, forms of government, etc.
A complex of scientific research methods has been used, namely: comparative and legal, systemic and structural, logical, analysis and synthesis, generalization and prognostic. It has been substantiated that combating corruption in relation to humanitarian aid is an extremely important task in the context of military operations, since corruption: 1) limits the amount of aid that reaches people in need; 2) is one of the main factors preventing better and more direct funding of humanitarian organizations; 3) undermines support for aid in donor countries and negatively affects the international image of the state.
Based on the analysis of the foreign states that are in armed conflicts and international donor organizations experience, it has been proposed to implement separate practical anti-corruption measures to ensure the leveling of corruption risks regarding the rational use of humanitarian and charitable assistance.
Development of multi-agent information security management system
Authors: Khavina I. P. , Hnusov Yu. V. , Mozhaiev O. O. 
Published: February 2023

The issue of creating an information security system is very relevant in the world today. One of the urgent tasks is to solve the issues of effective protection of information from both external and internal threats through the creation and implementation of information security management systems in automated systems of enterprises, which, among other things, requires the formalization of the task of protecting information for its subsequent implementation by software and other means. Now there are security analysis systems, for example, that examine the security elements settings of workstations and servers operating systems, analyze the network topology, look for unprotected network connections, examine the settings of firewalls. The disadvantage of these systems is that they are not suitable for monitoring large volumes of network traffic. The solution to this problem is the use of monitoring tools capable of analyzing large amounts of data in real time. Therefore, a significant place in the article is given to the review of developments based on artificial intelligence technologies, namely multi-agent systems, review of information security models, threat risk assessment in automated systems.
The functional architecture of the information security management system based on a multi-agent system has been proposed to search in real time for information security optimal solutions through the selection of such coalitions of protection mechanisms agents that will allow to build the optimal protection of the automated system according to the selected criteria. The model with complete overlapping of threats has been substantiated and adopted as a basis, which allows to analyze the overall situation and choose strategically important decisions directly during the organization of information security. The essence of of multi-agent systems functioning that implement a decentralized control system based on the work of autonomous agents that can be implemented programmatically has been revealed. The role of threat agents, resource agents, agents of protection mechanisms and their functional purpose have been defined. The problem of searching a set of protection mechanisms agents coalition for the current state of the automated system as a problem of optimal search by the criterion of protection cost, taking into account the value of information, has been generalized. Due to the modularity of the multi-agent system, the further work will be aimed at detailing its components and perfection.
Legal regulation of the economic activities of pharmacies in Ukraine
Authors: Knysh S. V. , Yakymets O. I. 
Published: February 2023

The scientific article is devoted to the peculiarities of the legal regulation of the economic activity of pharmacies in Ukraine. The legislative and by-laws regulating the circulation of medicinal products have been studied. Scientific works devoted to the legal regulation of pharmaceutical activity have been studied. The peculiarities of the economic activity of pharmacies have been determined. A doctrinal definition of a pharmacy has been proposed as a business entity that carries out the wholesale purchase of medicinal products for retail sale to citizens as end consumers.
It is claimed that the retail sale of medicinal products should occur based on a license if the pharmacy complies with the license terms of such activity. Licensing conditions are established for the pharmacy staff and the equipment on the premises for the storage of medicinal products. Requirements are set for the total area of the pharmacy and the size of the sales hall, staff room, and warehouse space. Attention is drawn to the fact that pharmacy employees must comply with the requirements of legislation on the protection of consumer rights. The subject of trade is specific products, that are medicinal products registered in Ukraine. Medicines must have the necessary manufacturer’s documentation. It is essential to prevent trade in falsified medicines. It has been concluded that several conditions characterize the contract for the supply of medicinal products. In particular, regarding the assortment and quantity of medicinal products, that are transferred to the property and the conditions of storage of medicine during transportation.
It has been proposed to introduce a number of amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On Medicinal Products”. At the legislative level, it is necessary to regulate the legal status of pharmacies and the peculiarities of the retail trade of medicinal products. It has been claimed that a separate section should be established in the Law of Ukraine On Medicinal Products that would regulate the economic activity of pharmacies. In this section, it is necessary to provide norms that would regulate the conditions for the pharmacy establishment. It is necessary to establish requirements for the pharmacy staff, separate premises, and conditions for the storage of medicinal products. Features of the protection of the consumer’s rights of medicinal products should be established in the legislation by separate norms. Special terms of contracts for the supply of medicinal products should be enshrined in the branch legislation on the circulation of medicinal products.
Real-Time Respiration Changes as a Viability Indicator for Rapid Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing in a Microﬂuidic Chamber Array
Authors: Jusková Petra , Schmitt Steven , Kling André , Rackus Darius , Held Martin , Egli Adrian , Dittrich Petra S. 
Published: February 2023

<p>Rapid identiﬁcation of a pathogen and the measurement of its antibiotic susceptibility are key elements in the diagnostic process of bacterial infections. Microﬂuidic technologies oﬀer great control over handling and manipulation of low sample volumes with the possibility to study microbial cultures on the single-cell level. Downscaling the dimensions of cultivation systems directly results in a lower number of bacteria required for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) and thus in a reduction of the time to result. The developed platform presented in this work allows the reading of pathogen resistance proﬁles within 2−3 h based on the changes of dissolved oxygen levels during bacterial cultivation. The platform contains hundreds of individual growth chambers preﬁlled with a hydrogel containing oxygen-sensing nanoprobes and diﬀerent concentrations of antibiotic compounds. The performance of the developed platform is tested using quality control Escherichia coli strains (ATCC 25922 and ATCC 35218) in response to clinically relevant antibiotics. The results are in agreement with values given in reference guidelines and independent measurements using a clinical AST protocol. Finally, the platform is successfully used for the AST of an E. coli clinical isolate obtained from a patient blood culture. </p>
“Learning on a chip:” Microﬂuidics for formal and informal science education
Authors: Rackus Darius , Riedel-Kruse Ingmar H. , Pamme Nicole 
Published: February 2023

<p>Microfluidics is a technique for the handling of small volumes of liquids on the order of picoliters to nanoliters and has impact for miniaturized biomedical science and fundamental research. Because of its multi- and interdisciplinary nature (i.e., combining the fields of biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering), microfluidics offers much potential for educational applications, both at the university level as well as primary and secondary education. Microfluidics is also an ideal "tool" to enthuse and educate members of the general public about the interdisciplinary aspects of modern sciences, including concepts of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics subjects such as (bio)engineering, chemistry, and biomedical sciences. Here, we provide an overview of approaches that have been taken to make microfluidics accessible for formal and informal learning. We also point out future avenues and desired developments. At the extreme ends, we can distinguish between projects that teach how to build microfluidic devices vs projects that make various microscopic phenomena (e.g., low Reynolds number hydrodynamics, microbiology) accessible to learners and the general public. Microfluidics also enables educators to make experiments low-cost and scalable, and thereby widely accessible. Our goal for this review is to assist academic researchers working in the field of microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip technologies as well as educators with translating research from the laboratory into the lecture hall, teaching laboratory, or public sphere. Published under license by AIP Publishing. </p>
Pre-concentration by liquid intake by paper (PCLIP): a new technique for large volumes and digital microfluidics
Authors: Rackus Darius , de Campos Richard
P. S. , Chan Calvin , Karcz Maria M. , Seale Brendon , Narahari Tanya , Dixon Christopher , Chamberlain M. Dean , Wheeler Aaron R. 
Published: February 2023

<p>Microfluidic platforms are an attractive option for incorporating complex fluid handling into low-cost and rapid diagnostic tests. A persistent challenge for microfluidics, however, is the mismatch in the "world-tochip" interface - it is challenging to detect analytes present at low concentrations in systems that can only handle small volumes of sample. Here we describe a new technique termed pre-concentration by liquid intake by paper (P-CLIP) that addresses this mismatch, allowing digital microfluidics to interface with volumes on the order of hundreds of microliters. In P-CLIP, a virtual microchannel is generated to pass a large volume through the device; analytes captured on magnetic particles can be isolated and then resuspended into smaller volumes for further processing and analysis. We characterize this method and demonstrate its utility with an immunoassay for Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase, a malaria biomarker, and propose that the P-CLIP strategy may be useful for a wide range of applications that are currently limited by low-abundance analytes. </p>
Sustained-release losartan from peptide nanofibers promotes chondrogenesis
Authors: Yamaura Kohei , Sather Nicholas A. , Metlushko Anna , Nishimura Haruki , Pavlović Radoslav Z. , Hambright Sealy , Ravuri Sudheer K. , Philippon Marc J. , Stupp Samuel I. , Bahney Chelsea S. , Huard Johnny 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The central pathologic feature of osteoarthritis (OA) is the progressive loss of articular cartilage, which has a limited regenerative capacity. The TGF-β1 inhibitor, losartan, can improve cartilage repair by promoting hyaline rather that fibrous cartilage tissue regeneration. However, there are concerns about side effects associated with oral administration and short retention within the joint following intra-articular injections. To facilitate local and sustained intra-articular losartan delivery we have designed an injectable peptide amphiphile (PA) nanofiber that binds losartan. The aims of this study are to characterize the release kinetics of losartan from two different PA nanofiber compositions followed by testing pro-regenerative bioactivity on chondrocytes.Methods: We tested the impact of electrostatic interactions on nanostructure morphology and release kinetics of the negatively charged losartan molecule from either a positively or negatively charged PA nanofiber. Subsequently, cytotoxicity and bioactivity were evaluated in vitro in both normal and an IL-1β-induced OA chondrocyte model using ATDC5.Results: Both nanofiber systems promoted cell proliferation but that the positively-charged nanofibers also significantly increased glycosaminoglycans production. Furthermore, gene expression analysis suggested that losartan-encapsulated nanofibers had significant anti-inflammatory, anti-degenerative, and cartilage regenerative effects by significantly blocking TGF-β1 in this in vitro system.Discussion: The results of this study demonstrated that positively charged losartan sustained-release nanofibers may be a novel and useful treatment for cartilage regeneration and OA by blocking TGF-β1.
Empagliflozin suppresses mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and mitigates the inducibility of atrial fibrillation in diabetic rats
Authors: Koizumi Takuya , Watanabe Masaya , Yokota Takashi , Tsuda Masumi , Handa Haruka , Koya Jiro , Nishino Kotaro , Tatsuta Daishiro , Natsui Hiroyuki , Kadosaka Takahide , Koya Taro , Nakao Motoki , Hagiwara Hikaru , Kamada Rui , Temma Taro , Tanaka Shinya , Anzai Toshihisa 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionRecent studies have demonstrated that sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2-i) reduce the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), in which oxidative stress due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to the pathogenesis of AF. We aimed to further investigate this, and examine whether the SGLT2-i empagliflozin suppresses mitochondrial-ROS generation and mitigates fibrosis.MethodsA high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin treatment were used to induce type-2 DM (T2DM) in Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, DM, and DM treated with empagliflozin (30 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. The mitochondrial respiratory capacity and ROS generation in the atrial myocardium were measured using a high-resolution respirometer. Oxidative stress markers and protein expression related to mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics as well as the mitochondrial morphology were examined in the atrial tissue. Additionally, mitochondrial function was examined in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATA) inducibility, interatrial conduction time (IACT), and fibrosis were also measured.ResultsInducibility of ATA, fibrosis, and IACT were increased in rats with DM when compared to controls, all of which were restored by empagliflozin treatment. In addition, the rats with DM had increased mitochondrial-ROS with an impaired complex I-linked oxidative phosphorylation capacity. Importantly, empagliflozin seemed to ameliorate these impairments in mitochondrial function. Furthermore, empagliflozin reversed the decrease in phosphorylated AMPK expression and altered protein levels related to mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, and increased mitochondrial content. Empagliflozin also improved mitochondrial function in H9c2 cells cultured with high glucose medium.DiscussionThese data suggest that empagliflozin has a cardioprotective effect, at least in part, by reducing mitochondrial ROS generation through AMPK signaling pathways in the atrium of diabetic rats. This suggests that empagliflozin might suppress the development of AF in T2DM.
Causal associations between dried fruit intake and cardiovascular disease: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zeng Youjie , Cao Si , Yang Heng 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown controversy about whether dried fruit intake is associated with cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to examine the potential causal effect of dried fruit intake on cardiovascular disease by conducting a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.MethodsWe used genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for MR analysis to explore the causal association of dried fruit intake with CVD. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main analytical method for MR analysis. In addition, the MR-Egger method and the weighted median method were applied to supplement the IVW method. Furthermore, Cochrane’s Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO global test, and leave-one-out analysis were used to perform sensitivity analysis.ResultsThe results from the IVW analysis indicated that dried fruit intake could reduce the risk of heart failure [odds ratio (OR) = 0.6014, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4243–0.8522, p-value = 0.0043], total ischemic stroke (OR = 0.4547, 95% CI: 0.2950–0.7010, p-value = 0.0004), and small vessel stroke (OR = 0.3499, 95% CI: 0.1466–0.8349, p-value = 0.0180). In addition, the results of two additional methods (MR Egger and Weighted median) were parallel to the effects estimated by IVW. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis illustrates that our MR analysis was unaffected by heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. Finally, the results of the leave-one-out method showed the robustness of our MR results.ConclusionOur study provides evidence for the benefits of dried fruit intake on CVD. Therefore a reasonable consumption of dried fruit may provide primary prevention.