bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intestinal permeability and its role in the pathogenesis and progress of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Review
Authors: Gridnyev O. Y. , Fadieienko G. D. , Kushnir I. E. , Gridnieva S. V. 
Published: March 2023

Non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a topical problem for the medicine worldwide, and its association with an «unhealthy» lifestyle and metabolic disorders is well established. The important role of dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota in the NAFLD pathogenesis and the functioning of the intestine‑liver axis is emphasized. Data on the structure and functioning of the intestinal barrier in physiological conditions are presented. It has been proven that the presence of dysbiotic changes in the microbiota plays an important role in the disruption of the barrier function of the gastrointestinal tract, which in turn increases the level of physiological translocation of both bacteria and their toxins and their life products. Part of these harmful products comes to the liver through the portal vein (endotoxinemia). The antigens’ overload contributes to the development and progression of NAFLD (up to liver cirrhosis). The intestinal barrier is emphasized to be dynamic and sensitive to changes occurring in the intestine. The increased intestinal permeability and bacterial overgrowth syndrome (which is a source of increased endotoxemia) is observed in patients with NAFLD more frequently than in healthy subjects. Number of studies have revealed that the degree of intestinal permeability in NAFLD patients correlated with the steatosis severity. The factors that most significantly affect intestinal permeability in patients with NAFLD include microbial environment, bile acids, levels of fecal short‑chain fatty acids (mainly butyrate), the metabolism of the essential aromatic amino acid tryptophan, as well as the nature of nutrition, alcohol intake, medicinal preparations, stress, and level of physical activity, which act either directly or through the induction of intestinal microbiota dysbacteriosis. The increased intestinal permeability and its consequence — bacterial translocation, are noticed to be involved in the development of such complications as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatorenal syndrome, portal vein thrombosis, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma.
The Implementation Of Linguistic Intelligence In Teaching Speaking Through Audio-Visual
Authors: Dewi Nila Sari , Hartiwi Juni , Yani Nurul Ari , Sutiwi Sri 
Published: March 2023

The research aims to describe; (1) the process of teaching speaking by using audio visuals, (2) the problems that appeared and its solution in implementing linguistic intelligence for teaching speaking through audio-visuals, and (3) the improvement of students speaking skills. The method used was Classroom Action Research, which involved students in the third semester of the Foreign Language Academy of Dian Cipta Cendikia Bandar Lampung. This action research consisted of 2 cycles. In the first cycle, students did activities such as listening to the songs in audio, reading the song's text and understanding the song's lyrics, and practicing speaking individually. In the second cycle, students did activities such as listening to the song in audio and visual, reading and understanding the song lyrics using word functions (noun, verb, adj., and adv.), and practicing speaking in pairs. The data were from students, teachers, and test observations. The findings indicated that; (1).
There was an improvement in active students in learning activities; first cycle, 2D3-BIa class had 50% active students in the first meeting and 65% active students in the second. There was an improvement for active students in the second cycle. 2D3-BIa class had 70% active students in the first meeting and 85% active students in the second. It means that the data had reached a minimum indicator of 70%, and (2) problems that appeared during the implementation of the teaching-learning process happened in pronouncing words, understanding words function, and expressing the idea of the content of the song's text. The solution was that the teacher should help all the students' problems to develop speaking skills repeatedly, and 3) the improvement of students' speaking skills was significant. In the first cycle, students who passed the test were 60%. There was an improvement in the second cycle. Students who passed the test were 85%. It means that the data had reached the minimum indicator.
Kemitraan Sekolah dan Komite Sekolah Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan di SMP IT Raudhatul Jannah Cilegon
Authors: Supardi Supardi , Qurtubi Ahmad , Fatoni Hasim 
Published: March 2023

In managing education in order for educational goals to be achieved, it must involve the community and stakeholders in managing education. Parents of students who are members of the community and users of educational services have a large portion to participate in improving the quality of education carried out by schools, so that there will be complementary partnerships and become an important part in improving the quality of education in education units. Therefore, the establishment of a school committee should be able to serve as a partner in the implementation of the school program program. This study aims to determine the form of partnership between the school management of SMPIT Raudhatul Jannah Cilegon and its school committee. In this study, the author used a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques by means of interviews, observations and documentation. The results showed that there is a partnership between the school and the school committee in the academic and non-academic fields, always coordinating in making plans for school activities in improving the quality of education as well as social society. The Committee is a partner of the school functioning to give consideration, support and supervision to school activities, and become a mediator between the school and all guardians of students, so that with functions and partnerships that are well established with the committee of SMPIT Raudhtul Jannah Cilegon can carry out various activity programs that aim to improve the quality of education so that the vision and mission of the school and the satisfaction of parents of students are achieved together
Prevalence and Pattern of Birth Defects in a Tertiary Hospital in Lalitpur, Nepal
Authors: Shakya Henish , Maharjan Meenu , Lakhey Ashish 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Birth defect is one of the least studied areas in most developing countries like Nepal where low birth weight, prematurity, sepsis, and perinatal asphyxia are still the leading causes of neonatal and infant mortality. However, studies have shown that the incidence of birth defects is increasing trend and has significant impacts on individuals, families, healthcare, and society. Awareness of birth defects is essential in both prevention as well as early intervention. The objective of this study was to find out the pattern and prevalence of birth defects presenting in newborns in KIST Medical College Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal.Materials and Methods: This is a hospital-based cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted in the NICU, Nursery, and postnatal wards of KIST Medical College Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal from August 2018 to August 2020. The study population included all inborn newborns with birth defects, stillbirths, and IUFD of more than 22 weeks gestation with birth defects. Outborn babies admitted in Nursery/NICU and abortions of less than 22 weeks gestation were excluded from the study. The data was collected using WHO based surveillance system with a clinicalreview. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Prevalence and pattern of birth defects were expressed in frequency and percentages. Results: In a total delivery of 3360, the incidence of the birth defect was 3.75% (n=126). Of the total birth defects, 28.9% (n=112) were born alive and 11.1% (n=14) were stillborn. Among the live births, 2.4% (n=3) died during their hospital stay. The commonly occurring birth defects were cardiovascular (35.7%, n=45) followed by oro-facial defects (23%, n=29), genitourinary (15.9%, n=20), musculoskeletal (15%, n=19), central nervous system (15%, n=19), various syndromes (7.1%, n=9), gastrointestinal (4.7%, n=6) and respiratory (0.8%, n=1).Conclusions: The true magnitude of birth defects in Nepal is unknown due to the lack of national birth defect surveillance. The lack of proper data regarding birth defects is undermining its impact on perinatal health. Awareness about the birth defect and their prevalence can significantly affect the prevention strategy and the management plan in decreasing perinatal mortality and subsequent neonatal and infant mortality as well.
Influence of the 2019 Canada’s Food Guide on the Food Environment in Childcare and Early Learning Centres
Authors: Hank Imene , Rossiter Melissa D. , Finch Sarah 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: This study investigated the potential influence of the 2019 Canada’s Food Guide (CFG) on the eating environment and food provided in early learning and childcare centres across Canada. Methods: Directors of childcare centres were invited to complete an online survey about their awareness and adoption of the 2019 CFG and submit their menus for analysis. Results: Twenty-five directors completed the survey, and eighteen cycle menus were analyzed. Frequency and the types of foods offered in childcare centres were assessed. Ninety-two percent reported being aware of the changes in the food guide. Many challenges including the lack of support and resources, cost of food, and food reluctance could affect their ability to apply the changes, especially the incorporation of plant-based protein and the uncertainty around the amount of dairy products to provide. Menu analysis indicated frequency of offering items from the various food groups. Vegetables were mostly offered during lunchtime with an average offering rate of 4.83 ± 0.24 times per week. Conclusion: Representatives of early learning and childcare centres identified having difficulties in interpreting and applying the changes in the 2019 CFG. Dietitians have the knowledge and skills required to support childcare centres through training opportunities, workshops, toolkits, and advocacy.
Hydrocephalus and school-age neurodevelopmental outcomes in the management of myelomeningocele prenatal surgery trial: a secondary analysis
Authors: Fletcher Jack M. , Houtrow Amy J. , MacPherson Cora , Thomas Nina H. , Gupta Nalin , Adzick N. Scott , Thom Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this secondary analysis was to assess the role of hydrocephalus on neurodevelopmental outcomes in a cohort of school-age children enrolled in the Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS) clinical trial.

METHODS
The sample analyzed in this report consisted of 150 of 183 children aged 5–10 years (mean ± SD 7 years 8 months ± 1.2) who were randomly assigned between 20 and 26 weeks of gestational age to undergo either prenatal or postnatal surgery and were enrolled in the school-age follow-up study of MOMS. These 150 children (76 prenatal and 74 postnatal) were placed into three groups: no hydrocephalus (n = 22), unshunted hydrocephalus (n = 31), and shunted hydrocephalus (n = 97). Comparisons were made on the basis of measures of adaptive behavior, intelligence, reading and math skills, verbal and nonverbal memory, fine motor dexterity, and sensorimotor skills. Parent ratings of executive functions, inattention, and hyperactivity-impulsivity were also compared.

RESULTS
There were no statistically significant differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes between the groups with no hydrocephalus and unshunted hydrocephalus, or between the prenatal and postnatal groups with shunted hydrocephalus, so these groups were combined (no/unshunted vs shunted hydrocephalus). The no/unshunted group showed significantly better performance (p < 0.05) than the shunted group in terms of adaptive behavior, intelligence, verbal and nonverbal memory, reading skills (but not math), fine motor dexterity, sensorimotor skills (but not visual-motor integration), and inattention (but not hyperactivity-impulsivity or executive function ratings). An assessment of the prenatal surgery group showed that the combined no/unshunted group performed better than the shunted group in terms of adaptive behavior and verbal memory skills. Both the prenatal and postnatal surgery subgroups with unshunted hydrocephalus performed as well as the group with no hydrocephalus despite significantly enlarged ventricles.

CONCLUSIONS
Although the primary assessment of school-age outcomes in the MOMS clinical trial did not show better adaptive behavior and cognitive skills in the prenatal group, hydrocephalus and shunting were associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes (both prenatal and postnatal groups). Disease severity and dynamic changes in hydrocephalus status may be the primary factors in the need for shunting and a major determinant of adaptive behavior and cognitive outcomes after prenatal surgery.
Factors associated with readmission after minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Tumialán Luis M. , Weinstein Nolan , Farber S. Harrison , Desai Shashvat M. , Marciano Frederick F. 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to identify factors that lead to a prolonged hospital stay or 30-day readmission after minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) at a single institution.

METHODS
Consecutive patients who underwent MIS TLIF from January 1, 2016, to March 31, 2018, were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic data, including age, sex, ethnicity, smoking status, and body mass index, were collected along with operative details, indications, affected spinal levels, estimated blood loss, and operative duration. The effects of these data were evaluated relative to the hospital length of stay (LOS) and 30-day readmission.

RESULTS
The authors identified 174 consecutive patients who underwent MIS TLIF at 1 or 2 levels from a prospectively collected database. The mean (range) patient age was 64.1 (31–81) years, 97 were women (56%), and 77 were men (44%). Of 182 levels fused, 127 were done at L4–5 (70%), 32 at L3–4 (18%), 13 at L5–S1 (7%), and 10 at L2–3 (5%). Patients underwent 166 (95%) single-level procedures and 8 (5%) 2-level procedures. The mean (range) procedural duration, defined as the time from incision to closure, was 164.6 (90–529) minutes. The mean (range) LOS was 1.8 (0–8) days. Eleven patients (6%) were readmitted within 30 days; the most frequent causes were urinary retention, constipation, and persistent or contralateral symptoms. Seventeen patients had LOS greater than 3 days. Six of those patients (35%) were identified as widows, widowers, or divorced, and 5 of them lived alone. Six patients with prolonged LOS (35%) required placement in either skilled nursing or acute inpatient rehabilitation. Regression analyses showed living alone (p = 0.04) and diabetes (p = 0.04) as predictors of readmission. Regression analyses revealed female sex (p = 0.03), diabetes (p = 0.03), and multilevel surgery (p = 0.006) as predictors of LOS > 3 days.

CONCLUSIONS
Urinary retention, constipation, and persistent radicular symptoms were the leading causes of readmission within 30 days of surgery in this series, which is distinct from data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. The inability to discharge a patient home for social reasons led to prolonged inpatient hospital stays. Identifying these risk factors and proactively addressing them could lower readmission rates and decrease LOS among patients undergoing MIS TLIF.
The functional relationship of Yap/Taz with autophagy functions in sarcopenia associated with aging
Authors: Sanjaya Ardo , Lesmana Ronny , Goenawan Hanna , Setiawan Iwan , Sylviana Nova , Pratiwi Yuni S. , Dewi Fitriya N. , Supratman Unang 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND: Muscle loss is one of the features associated with aging with significant impacts on the quality of life. Yap/Taz, the effectors of the Hippo pathway, was shown to regulate organ size and may be associated with aging. We postulate that Yap/Taz modulation may play a role in maintaining muscle fiber size or mediating the function of autophagy during aging and sarcopenia. OBJECTIVE: The research aim to explore sarcopenia and its relationship to autophagy and Yap/Taz expression. Additionally, we also explored the relationship of autophagy function and Yap/Taz on skeletal muscle tissue during aging. METHODS: We conducted experiments on two groups of rats kept at 16 and 80 weeks. Skeletal muscle tissue from the soleus muscle was harvested, and mRNA expression of Yap/Taz and genes associated with the autophagy pathway were quantified. Immunoblotting was done with antibodies against Yap/Taz and autophagy proteins. Bafilomycin and Verteporfin were used on the C2C12 cell line to elucidate the interaction between autophagy and Yap/Taz. RESULTS: Old rats were found to have a smaller fiber surface area of the soleus muscle and was associated with increased Yap mRNA and protein expression. The inhibition of autophagy increased Yap levels. However, the inhibition of Yap/Taz function did not affect autophagy in skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS: With current evidence, increased Yap was paradoxically associated with sarcopenia, and this increase was caused by the decreased autophagic flux caused by aging.
PENERAPAN PRODUK GREEN ECONOMY PADA PROGRAM WIRAUSAHA MUDA BERBASIS RAMAH LINGKUNGAN DI MAN 2 PANGANDARAN
Authors: Jubaedah Dadah , Saadah Siti , Mulyanti Dety 
Published: March 2023

The Green Economy Implementation Program in the Environmentally Friendly Young Entrepreneurs Program at MAN 2 Pangandaran is a community service program (PKM) through empowerment for students that aims to develop an entrepreneurial spirit for groups of students through environmentally friendly products. Environmental issues to date have become an important concern for the whole world along with the many problems that threaten the human environment such as global warming, depletion of the ozone layer, air, water and soil pollution. The importance of implementing the green economy as a form of awareness for students at MAN 2 Pangandaran is increasingly being carried out as a long-term program. Schools can be a comfortable and dynamic vehicle and system for students to develop good knowing, good filling, and good acting about environmentally friendly programs. This PKM program is carried out on MAN 2 Pangandaran students who have good potential and skills. The implementation method developed in this program is an extension and training method including technical training and non-technical training (knowledge transfer, skills transfer and technology transfer). The results of environmentally friendly products produced by students are flower pots made of towels, plates made of wood/rattan (hoe), photo figures and pencil cases. Keyword: Green Economy, Entrepreneurship, Environmentally Friendly Program
Systematization of orders in the field of industrial property
Authors: Tverezenko Olena 
Published: March 2023

Keywords: intellectual property, order, normative legal act, subordinate normativelegal act, systematization, industrial property
The article substantiates the expediency of systematizing not only legislative acts,but also bylaws and regulations, in particular orders.Based on the analysis of orders in the field of industrial property, the author establishedthat:1) most of the orders were adopted in 2001-2002, most of the latest changes to theorders were adopted in 2011. The vast majority of orders do not comply with theprovisions of current laws of Ukraine in the field of industrial property and do notconsider the requirements of EU legislation and the Association Agreement
2) the instruction on the procedure for issuing a Ukrainian patent for an inventionprotected by a USSR copyright certificate has lost its relevance, the deadline forsubmitting applications for a Ukrainian patent for an invention protected by aUSSR certificate has expired. Considering the indication, the author proposes torecognize this order as invalid;3) in 2005, a partial systematization took place, namely the consolidation of the ordersrelated to the inspection of any person with the materials of an applicationfor an object of intellectual property rights. The result of such consolidation wasthe adoption of one order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine,which combined 4 orders with a similar subject of legal regulation;4) currently, 26 orders are in force in the industrial sphere of ownership, 13 of whichrelate to the maintenance of state registers in this field. To unify the requirementsfor maintaining these registers and optimize law enforcement, the authorproposes to develop and adopt a single order on the Procedure for maintainingstate registers in the field of industrial property.
Client base as an intangible asset
Authors: Panfiorova Larysa 
Published: March 2023

Keywords: intellectual capital, goodwill, customer base, intangible asset, identifiableassets, unidentified assets, database, trade secret
In the article, the author raises questions about one of the important components of the company's intellectual capital, which determines the company's competitiveness — the «customer base». Such an asset,according to domestic legislation, is not recognized as an intangible asset. Internationalstatistics of merger agreements (unification) of companies determine that this asset accountsfor the largest share of the value of the entire agreement. In this regard, theanalysis of the concept of «customer base», the identification of features of accountingand evaluation of the «customer base» for reporting purposes. Moreover, the study of acceptableevaluation methods in practice are tasks that are extremely relevant both fordomestic companies participating in integration processes, and for evaluators performingwork on the evaluation of relevant intangible assets.The article analyses the definition of the term «intellectual capital» and its constituentpart — the «client base» of the enterprise. The author conducted a study of theeconomic and legal tools for defining the «customer base» as an intangible asset of the enterprise.Within the scope of the research, the legislative acts defining the requirementsfor the «customer base» as an object of intellectual property rights, namely commercialsecrets and databases, were analysed. The requirements that the «customer base» mustmeet as an intangible asset within the limits of Ukrainian and international legislation,as well as the peculiarities of accounting and evaluation of the «customer base» of the enterprise,are determined. The author has defined the problems in the issue of scientificsubstantiation at the legislative level of the term «customer base», as well as its definitionas an intangible asset of the enterprise and the object of assessment. The author emphasizesthat this direction of methodical work has an actual trend, with the aim of harmonizingthe provisions of national and international legislation.