bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Media Literacy on Substance Use Behavior: Analyzing the Role of Media Consumption Behaviors as a Moderator
Authors: Seo Hae Yeon , Austin Erica Weintraub 
Published: January 2025

Purpose To investigate how media literacy and varied media consumption influenced substance use behavior. Design A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Setting Online survey was conducted June 22-July 18, 2020, with quality checks. Subjects The study recruited U.S. residents aged 18 and older who were proficient in English ( N = 1264). Panel sampling using quotas reflecting U.S. census was employed as an alternative to random digit dialing sampling. Measures Substance use behavior, media literacy for news, liberal media use, conservative media use, social media use, and demographics were assessed. Results Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted. Media literacy for news was negatively associated with substance use ( β = −.15, SE = .08, P < 0.01, [95% CI: −.36, .06]) and interaction effect between social media use and media literacy for news on substance use behavior was significant ( β = .47, SE = .05, P = 0.02, [95% CI: .02, .20]) in the final model ( F(12, 1207) = 33.21, R2 = 25%). Conclusions Media literacy for news has a negative association with substance use behavior. Social media use, specifically, diminishes the effect of media literacy skills on substance use behavior. The prediction is based on correlational data. Further investigations are required to examine how individuals’ specific patterns of media use impact substance use behavior as part of media literacy intervention efforts.
Early warning and thickness measurement of aircraft icing using ultrasonic pulse echoes
Authors: Wang Yuan , Zhang Yang , Wang Yan , Zhu Chengxiang , Zhao Ning , Zhu Chunling 
Published: January 2025

The accumulation of ice in critical regions on the surfaces of modern aircraft is a serious threat to flight safety, and so for aircraft to be able to fly safely in all weathers, they must be capable of reliable early warning of icing and online measurement of ice thickness. In this paper, an ultrasonic pulse-echo technique combined with signal processing is proposed for icing early warning and ice-thickness measurement. The early-warning sensitivity and ice-thickness measurement ability are verified through both simulations and experiments. The simulation results show that (i) the proposed signal processing method can identify ice and water effectively and (ii) the minimum icing warning and precise measurement thickness of the ice layer decrease with increasing center frequency of the excitation pulse; for a given center frequency, the icing-warning thickness is approximately a third of the initially measured ice thickness. The experimental results show that a probe-type sensor with a center frequency of 7.5 MHz can measure 0.24-mm-thick ice, and the early-warning time is 8.5 s ahead of the accurate measurement time. A flush-mounted sensor cannot measure the ice thickness because of the roughness of the ice surface, but it can still provide early warning of icing.
Efficient estimation of the marginal mean of recurrent events in randomized controlled trials
Authors: Genetti Luca , Cortese Giuliana , Ravn Henrik , Scheike Thomas 
Published: January 2025

Recurrent events data are often encountered in biomedical settings, where individuals may also experience a terminal event such as death. A useful estimand to summarize such data is the marginal mean of the cumulative number of recurrent events up to a specific time horizon, allowing also for the possible presence of a terminal event. Recently, it was found that augmented estimators can estimate this quantity efficiently, providing improved inference. Improvement in efficiency by the use of covariate adjustment is increasing in popularity as the methods get further developed, and is supported by regulatory agencies EMA (2015) and FDA (2023). Motivated by these arguments, this article presents novel efficient estimators for clinical data from randomized controlled trials, accounting for additional information from auxiliary covariates. Moreover, in randomized studies when both right censoring and competing risks are present, we propose a novel doubly augmented estimator of the marginal mean , which has two optimal augmentation components due to censoring and randomization. We provide theoretical and asymptotic details for the novel estimators, also confirmed by simulation studies. Then, we discuss how to improve efficiency, both theoretically by computing the expected amount of variance reduction, and practically by showing the performance of different working regression models that are needed in the augmentation, when they are correctly specified or misspecified. The methods are applied to the LEADER study, a randomized controlled trial that studied cardiovascular safety of treatments in type 2 diabetes patients.
Lived Experiences of Problematic Internet Use Among Male Adolescents: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Singh Sanchita , Kumar Navin , Reddy Annapally Sadananda 
Published: January 2025

Background: In the era of globalization, constant Internet access has led to problematic Internet use ( PIU) among adolescents, negatively impacting their cognitive processes, emotions, and behavior. Objective: This qualitative study explores the effects of PIU among 15 self-identified male adolescents, aged 10 to 14 years (median age = 14.1), from northern Indian cities through the lens of transcendental phenomenological inquiry. Methods: Through purposive sampling, homogeneous groups were formed, and data were collected via semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed using Giorgi’s method. Results: Four themes have emerged: antecedents of PIU (psychological vulnerabilities, social influence, and validation), PIU symptoms (cognitive and behavioral preoccupation and compulsive behavior), consequences of PIU (psychological, physical, interpersonal, academic, and positive impacts), and desire to change (recognition of negative impact, seeking support, and exploration of strategies). Conclusion: The study highlights the severe negative consequences of PIU and the need for urgent psychosocial interventions, and most adolescents expressed a desire to change their PIU.
The Role of the Sagittal Pars Inclination Angle in the Development of a Spondylolysis
Authors: Hussein Mohsin , Azzopardi Christine , Bendi Srinivasa Rao , Hassan Faizul , Bhogal Gurjit , Iyengar Karthikeyan P. , Mehta Jwalant , Botchu Rajesh 
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims: Spondylolysis refers to a stress fracture of the pars interarticularis. We investigated if there is a correlation between a novel measurement, the sagittal pars inclination angle and the incidence of spondylolysis (pars defect) in adolescent and young adult patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, UK (a tertiary referral orthopaedic centre) over two years identifying 37 Adult patients under the age of 30 years who had a computed tomography (CT) scan of the lumbar spine. In total 255 pars interarticularis, from levels L2 to L5, were analysed in 37 patients (19 male, 18 female). The pars interarticularis were divided into two groups: (1) pars intact ( N = 217) and (2) pars defect ( N = 38). Statistical analysis of each group and vertebral level was performed including load measurements. Results: In the pars intact group ( N = 217), the sagittal mean ± standard deviation (SD) pars inclination angle for the pars intact group was 17.91 ± 5.62°. In the pars defect group ( N = 38), the mean ± SD sagittal pars inclination angle was 35.95 ± 6.42°. A two-tailed P value was less than .0001. There was an increase in the normal sagittal pars angle from L2 to L5. Conclusion: In this study, an increased sagittal pars inclination angle demonstrated a significant association with spondylolysis. Its implications in the management of athletic individuals, surgical planning and indeed a true causative relationship are yet to be evaluated in future studies.
Craniosynostosis: Quantifying Differences in Skull Architecture
Authors: Menville Jesse E. , Shinde Nidhi , Collins Scott , Jiao Zhicheng , Persad-Paisley Elijah M. , Baranwal Navya , Woo Albert S. 
Published: January 2025

Craniosynostosis, a condition marked by the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures, exhibits diverse phenotypes. This study aims to advance the understanding of these phenotypes beyond the conventional 2-dimensional analysis by focusing on identifying indicators of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) such as bony thinning or irregularities in skull morphology. A retrospective review was conducted for all pediatric patients with midline craniosynostosis who presented to our tertiary academic center for evaluation. Control patients were carefully selected to match for age, sex, and weight. All computed tomography data were segmented in 3-dimensional Slicer and then delineated along with suture lines into occipital, parietal, and frontal segments. Main outcome measures included general skull shape (assessed via measures of flatness and surface area to volume ratio) and skull topography (analyzed via measures of bone thickness, surface variance, and surface standard deviation). Forty-one patients with midline craniosynostoses were identified (22 metopic and 19 sagittal). Patients with sagittal craniosynostosis had significantly angulated frontal and occipital bones, reflective of the frontal bossing and occipital bulleting commonly seen in this population, and significantly flatter parietal bones, reflective of limited growth along with the transverse axis. Interestingly, evaluation of bone topography revealed that patients with sagittal craniosynostosis had significantly higher parietal bone surface variance, reflective of gyral impressions secondary to increased ICP. In contrast, patients with metopic craniosynostosis had statistically flatter frontal bones—reflective of limited anterior brain growth caused by the fused metopic suture—with minimal impacts to parietal or occipital bones.
Cytotoxicity of Nanocarrier-Based Drug Delivery in Oral Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Saghiri Mohammad A. , Saini Ravinder S. , Heboyan Artak 
Published: January 2025

Background Oral cancer remains 1 of the biggest health care challenges; it has a poor response to treatment, and treatment often results in severe side effects. Nano-targeted drug carrier-assisted drug delivery systems can improve the benefits of targeted drug delivery and treatment efficacy. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of targeted nano carrier drug delivery systems on the management of oral cancer. Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, ScienceDirect, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Scopus using PRISMA guidelines, to identify relevant in vitro and in vivo (human) studies. Studies evaluating the impact of nanocarrier-based delivery systems on oral cancer cells or human models were selected. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models via RevMan 5.4, and heterogeneity among studies was assessed. Results After full-text assessment, 15 research articles were included [14 in vitro studies and 1 randomized controlled trial (RCT)]. In the meta-analysis, the pooled data (IC50) for the impact of the nanocarrier delivery system vs control on oral cancer was −7.67 (95% CI: −41.77, 26.43), with a high heterogeneity ( I 2 = 92%, P < 0.00001). Moreover, in vitro studies had a medium risk of bias, while the RCT had some concerns in the randomization domain. Conclusion Nanocarrier-based drug delivery has been found to be a superior approach compared to drug delivery in free form, increasing the efficacy and safety of oral cancer treatment.
Anticipating impending peripheral intravenous catheter failure: A diagnostic accuracy observational study combining ultrasound and artificial intelligence to improve clinical care
Authors: Bahl Amit , Johnson Steven , Mielke Nicholas , Blaivas Michael , Blaivas Laura 
Published: January 2025

Objective: Peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) failure occurs in approximately 50% of insertions. Unexpected PIVC failure leads to treatment delays, longer hospitalizations, and increased risk of patient harm. In current practice there is no method to predict if PIVC failure will occur until it is too late and a grossly obvious complication has occurred. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the diagnostic accuracy of a predictive model for PIVC failure based on artificial intelligence (AI). Methods: This study evaluated the capabilities of a novel machine learning algorithm. The algorithm was trained using real-world ultrasound videos of PIVC sites with a goal of predicting which PIVCs would fail within the following day. After training, AI models were validated using another, unseen, collection of real-world ultrasound videos of PIVC sites. Results: 2133 ultrasound videos (361 failure and 1772 non-failure) were used for algorithm development. When the algorithm was tasked with predicting failure in the unseen collection of videos, the best achieved results were an accuracy of 0.93, sensitivity of 0.77, specificity of 0.98, positive predictive value of 0.91, negative predictive value of 0.93, and area under the curve of 0.87. Conclusions: This proprietary and novel machine learning algorithm can accurately and reliably predict PIVC failure 1 day prior to clinically evident failure. Implementation of this technology in the patient care setting would provide timely information for clinicians to plan and manage impending device failure. Future research on the use of AI technology and PIVCs should focus on improving catheter function and longevity, while limiting complication rates.
A time series analysis of Medicare-reimbursed telepsychiatry consultations across Australian states and territories before and after telehealth item expansion: Enabling policy can improve access to care
Authors: Woon Luke Sy-Cherng , A Maguire Paul , Reay Rebecca E , Smith David , Bastiampillai Tarun , Looi Jeffrey CL 
Published: January 2025

Objective We aimed to examine the associations of telepsychiatry consultations with the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) telehealth policy changes (pandemic-related expansion and subsequent consolidation). Methods We performed a time series analysis of MBS telepsychiatry usage (January 2016–December 2023) using state/territory-level Medicare panel data. Linear regression analyses with panel-corrected standard error and autocorrelation were performed for telepsychiatry consultations (overall and age and sex subgroups). Telehealth policies, rural psychiatrist availability (rural psychiatrists per 100,000 population) and their interaction were the independent variables. The models were adjusted for pandemic lockdown severity (Stringency Index) and population size. Results Telehealth expansion and consolidation were associated with substantial increases in telepsychiatry consultations, with larger increases in the consolidation phase. Given the telehealth policy changes, lower per capita rural psychiatrists were associated with more telepsychiatry consultations. Males and older people (>65 years) showed greater relative consultation increases. Policy change-related telepsychiatry increases varied amongst states and territories. Discussion There was sustained telepsychiatry usage when it became more readily available, beyond the direct impact of acute pandemic lockdowns. Telehealth-enabling policies may contribute to fulfilling unmet mental health needs and improving access to psychiatric care amongst Australians. Further in-depth research in this area is needed.
Heritage Language Maintenance and family relationship dynamics: A children’s perspective
Authors: Gorter Marianne , Berardi-Wiltshire Arianna 
Published: January 2025

Aims and objectives: This qualitative research investigates the complexities around Heritage Language Maintenance (HLM) efforts and their implications for family relationships. Methodology: The topic was explored via an in-depth case study drawing on narrative data from a Catalan immigrant mother to New Zealand, and her two New-Zealand-born daughters. Data and analysis: Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, using a narrative inquiry approach that provided a quasi-longitudinal component in the form of retrospective reflections from the participants within their ‘generational unit’. Using a reflexive thematic analysis approach, themed HLM practices involved immersion-method, awareness-raising for the heritage language (HL) and culture, and annual visits to the home country. Findings and conclusions: The overall outcome of HLM efforts was generally successful, but the process entailed significant, not always positive, impacts on the participants’ individual lives and their mutual relationships. Some of these pertained to linguistic power struggles, feelings of isolation, and a sense of non-belonging. Findings also suggest that the strong link with their HL and cultural identity played a role in shaping the daughters’ agency to maintain HL, ultimately leading to an improved relationship with their mother and contributing to the family’s overall well-being. Originality: Focusing on the (adult) children’s experiences and perspectives on successful HL transmission, the present research deepens our understanding of the family dynamics involved with HLM. Significance/implications: This article provides fresh insights into the challenges that immigrant families may be facing as a result of their HL-transmission attempts. Developing a full linguistic repertoire including both the HL and societal-dominant language is essential for children to participate in society and life at home, where HL symbolizes the family’s shared cultural identity. The implications of this study are therefore significant to language policymakers and language education sector whose efforts are aimed at promoting and supporting successful additive bi/multilingualism in children with an HL background.
Delving into the world of webCHAT – an e-mental health support service for distressed youths in Singapore
Authors: Lee Yi Ping , Lee Ying Ying , Otheman Hamidah Binte , Tang Charmaine , Subramaniam Mythily , Verma Swapna K 
Published: January 2025

Background Young people face high rates of mental health issues, yet many do not seek professional help. In 2017, CHAT launched webCHAT – a free, anonymous, one-on-one synchronous web-based text service managed by case managers (CMs) to support young people aged 16 to 30 who may be hesitant about engaging in face-to-face mental health services. Objective This study aimed to explore the perspectives and experiences of users who accessed webCHAT for mental health support in Singapore. Methods A qualitative thematic analysis was conducted using transcripts of webCHAT sessions to identify main themes. Results Many users accessed webCHAT to seek support with emotional and behavioural concerns, valuing its immediacy and anonymity over traditional appointment-based services. A desire to ‘get better’ and self-realisation emerged as important motivators for seeking help, with webCHAT offering a supportive space for reflection. Key barriers to seeking additional support included fear of stigma, concerns about leaving a ‘medical record’, potential hospitalisation, and treatment costs. Conclusions webCHAT appears to be a viable early intervention and preventive approach, providing young people with a pathway towards in-person support services. Professional guidance from CMs is essential in encouraging users to pursue further support, emphasising the importance of human expertise in digital mental health platforms. By fostering early help-seeking and self-realisation, webCHAT has the potential to reduce the long-term impact of mental health challenges. Future research could explore webCHAT's long-term effects and identify improvements to facilitate users’ transitions to in-person support.
A practical guide for choosing an optimal spatial transcriptomics technology from seven major commercially available options
Authors: Lim Hyun Ju , Wang Ye , Buzdin Anton , Li Xinmin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Spatial transcriptomics technology enables the mapping of gene expression within tissues, allowing researchers to visualize the spatial distribution of RNA molecules and gain insights into cellular organization, interactions, and functions in their native environments. A variety of spatial technologies are now commercially available, each offering distinct technical parameters such as cellular resolution, detection sensitivity, gene coverage, and throughput. This wide range of options can make it challenges or create confusion for researchers to select the most appropriate platform for their specific research objectives. In this paper, we will analyze and compare seven major commercially available spatial platforms to guide researchers in choosing the most suitable option for their needs.
Decoding the chicken gastrointestinal microbiome
Authors: Burrows PB. , Godoy-Santos F. , Lawther K. , Richmond A. , Corcionivoschi N. , Huws SA. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Metataxonomic studies have underpinned a vast understanding of microbial communities residing within livestock gastrointestinal tracts, albeit studies have often not been combined to provide a global census. Consequently, in this study we characterised the overall and common ‘core’ chicken microbiota associated with the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), whilst assessing the effects of GIT site, bird breed, age and geographical location on the GIT resident microbes using metataxonomic data compiled from studies completed across the world. Specifically, bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA sequences from GIT samples associated with various breeds, differing in age, GIT sites (caecum, faeces, ileum and jejunum) and geographical location were obtained from the Sequence Read Archive and analysed using the MGnify pipeline. Metataxonomic profiles produced across the 602 datasets illustrated the presence of 3 phyla, 25 families and 30 genera, of which core genera (defined by presence in over 90% of datasets) belonged to Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, Butyricicoccus, Eisenbergiella, Subdoligranulum, Oscillibacter, Clostridium & Blautia. PERMANOVA analysis also showed that GIT site, bird breed, age and geographical location all had a significant effect on GIT microbial diversity, regardless of dietary factors, which were not considered in this study. On a genus level, Faecalibacterium was most abundant in the caeca, Lactobacillus was most abundant in the faeces, ileum and jejunum, with the data showing that the caeca and faeces were most diverse. AIL F8 progeny, Ross 308 and Cobb 500 breeds GIT bacteria were dominated by Lactobacillus, and Eisenbergiella, Megamonas and Bacteroides were most abundant amongst Sasso-T451A and Tibetan chicken breeds. Microbial communities within each GIT site develop with age, from a Lactobacillus and Streptococcus dominated community during the earlier stages of growth, towards a Faecalibacterium, Eisenbergiella, Bacteroides, Megamonas, and Lactobacillus dominated community during the later stages of life. Geographical locations, and thus environmental effectors, also impacted upon gastrointestinal tract microbiota, with Canadian and European datasets being dominated by Lactobacillus, whilst UK and Chinese datasets were dominated by Eisenbergiella and Bacteroides respectively. This study aids in defining what ‘normal’ is within poultry gastrointestinal tract microbiota globally, which is imperative to enhancing the microbiome for productive and environmental improvements.