bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mind the Gap: Schooling, Informality, and Fiscal Externalities in Nepal
Authors: Bleakley Hoyt , Gupta Bhanu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
While increasing years of schooling has been a long-standing development priority, the associated fiscal costs and benefits have been less studied, because of a lack of appropriate data. Recently, an UNESCO-funded project measured subsidies, by levels of schooling, from all levels of government, in eight developing countries including Nepal. The household-level Nepal Living Standards Measurement Survey provides information to estimate the degree of formality, tax payments, and benefit receipts as a function of schooling years. Using a simple Mincer-like model, this study estimates the fiscal externality of an additional year of school. It finds that within primary school, fiscal benefits and costs, on the margin, are quite balanced, with subsidies close to the present value of future taxes minus benefits. At higher levels of schooling, however, marginal fiscal benefits exceed costs by 5 percent of per capita consumption. This contrasts with previous literature on social returns and assumptions underlying multilateral development goals.
Pregnancy-associated and Pregnancy-related Deaths in the United States Military, 2003–2014
Authors: Romano C.J. , Hall C. , Bukowinski A.T. , Gumbs G.R. , Conlin A.M.S. 
Published: May 2023

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;227:508.e1–508.e9)
The Centers for Disease Control defines pregnancy-associated deaths as those that occur while pregnant or within 1 year of the end of pregnancy from any cause. Pregnancy-related deaths are those that occur within the same time frame from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy itself. While the rates of death due to hemorrhage and hypertensive events have declined in the military population, pregnancy-associated overdose and suicide deaths are on the rise. Active-duty service members have distinct circumstances from the civilian population that are normally considered protective against maternal morbidity: free and full health care coverage, stable employment, and lower rates of chronic disease. Despite these factors, a sharp rise in severe maternal morbidity in the US military is evident over 2003-2015, and it is acknowledged that suicide, overdose, and homicide are rising contributors to this trend. Frequent relocation or deployment are mental health stressors that may be an exacerbating factor in these deaths.
Using Mean Anesthesia Workload to Plan Anesthesia Workforce Allocations: The “Flaw of Averages”
Authors: Ginosar Y. , Wimpfheimer A. , Weissman C. 
Published: May 2023

(Anesth Analg. 2022;135:1138–1141)
Workforce planning within acute care hospital services is especially important, though especially complicated due to inherently unpredictable, unstable, and frequently emergent needs. This editorial comments on the Im et al article “Obstetric Anesthesia Procedure-Based Workload and Facility Utilization of Society of Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology Centers of Excellence Designated Institutions,” which studies procedure-based obstetric anesthesia workload and staff utilization using self-reported data collected from the Society of Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology Centers of Excellence.
Expert Consensus Regarding Core Outcomes for Enhanced Recovery After Cesarean Delivery Studies: A Delphi Study
Authors: Sultan P. , George R. , Weiniger C.F. , El-Bodhdadly K. , Pandal P. , Carvalho B. ,   CRADLE Study Investigators
Published: May 2023

(Anesthesiology. 2022;137:201–211)
Obstetric units are increasingly using enhanced recovery after cesarean delivery (ERAC) protocols. A number of studies have shown ERAC protocols reduce opioid consumption, length of hospital stay, and time to mobilization. There have been a wide range of outcomes by which to evaluate ERAC protocols, making it challenging to interpret data and findings from these studies. This study used a Delphi methodology to develop a core outcome set by which to evaluate ERAC protocols.
A Systematic Scoping Review of Peridelivery Pain Management for Pregnant People With Opioid Use Disorder: From the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology and Society for Maternal Fetal Medicine
Authors: Lim G. , Soens M. , Wanaselja A. , Chyan A. , Carvalho B. , Landau R. , George R.B. , Klem M.L. , Osmundson S.S. , Krans E.E. , Terplan M. , Bateman B.T. 
Published: May 2023

(Anesth Analg. 2022;135:912–925)
Opioid use disorder (OUD) has been on the rise over the past decade and is the leading cause of mortality among pregnant women in the United States. Information and evidence-based recommendations on how to best treat pain in parturients with OUD is lacking. The aim of this scoping review was to highlight existing literature on peripartum pain management for women with OUD, both untreated and treated with medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), and provide a summary of the information.
Pregnancy in Women with Liver Cirrhosis is Associated With Increased Risk for Complications: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Literature
Authors: van der Slink L.L. , Scholten I. , van Etten-Jamaludin F.S. , Takkenberg R.B. , Painter R.C. 
Published: May 2023

(BJOG. 2022;129:1644–1652)
Pregnancy in women with liver cirrhosis is rare (1 in 4500 pregnancies) and when it does occur, cirrhosis most commonly originates from autoimmune and viral hepatitis, and alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The concurrence of pregnancy with liver cirrhosis is increasing and this combination warrants careful attention to family planning and obstetric management. Previous small studies have shown cirrhotic pregnancies have high risk of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. This systematic review and meta-analysis combined a larger patient population over time to detail the obstetric, fetal, and maternal complications experienced by women with liver cirrhosis.
Protecting Pregnant People and Babies From the Health Effects of Climate Change
Authors: Rasmussen S.A. , Jamieson D.J. 
Published: May 2023

(N Engl J Med. 2022;387:957–959)
Among other populations, pregnant people and newborns are especially vulnerable to the effects of climate change, notably from wildfires. The smoke from wildfires releases toxic gases, particulate matter, and volatile compounds. These exposures are associated with increased risk for gestational diabetes, hypertension, preterm birth, low birthweight and subsequent lifelong health effects. In addition, social support networks can be disrupted by community displacement from wildfires, leading to poorer health for pregnant and postpartum people and newborns, particularly in marginalized populations.
Association of Umbilical Cord Blood Gas Values With Mortality and Severe Neurologic Injury in Preterm Neonates <29 Weeks’ Gestation: A National Cohort Study
Authors: Shah P.S. , Barrett J. , Claveau M. , Cieslak Z. , Makary H. , Monterrosa L. , Sherlock R. , Yang J. , McDonald S.D. 
Published: May 2023

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;227:85.e1–10)
The acid-base status of a neonate at the time of birth is determined through analysis of umbilical cord blood gas values. Deranged umbilical cord arterial (UA) and umbilical cord venous (UV) blood gas values can be linked to poor neonatal outcomes. Previous studies have found an association between a UA or UV pH value of <7.0 and neonatal mortality. However, the relationship between umbilical cord blood gas values and adverse outcomes, specifically in preterm neonates born before 29 weeks gestation, is not clear. This study aimed to explore the association between umbilical cord blood gas values with neonatal mortality and severe neurological injury (SNI) in infants born before 29 weeks gestation.
Chorioamnionitis and Risk of Long-term Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Offspring: A Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Tsamantioti E. , Lisonkova S. , Muraca G. , Örtqvist A.K. , Razaz N. 
Published: May 2023

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;227:287.e1–17)
Chorioamnionitis is a common type of maternal infection associated with cerebral palsy and other long-term neonatal outcomes. However, there is a lack of studies on the risks of other long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes following neonates exposure to chorioamnionitis. This study aimed to examine the association between chorioamnionitis and neurological disorders in offspring, including epilepsy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cerebral palsy, autism, and intellectual disability, and how preterm delivery affects these risks.
Risk of Postpartum Hemorrhage is Associated With Ethnicity: A Cohort Study of 981,801 Births in England
Authors: Jardine J. , Gurol-Urganci I. , Harris T. , Hawdon J. , Pasupathy D. , van der Meulen J. , Walker K. ,   on Behalf of the NMPA Project Team
Published: May 2023

(BJOG. 2022;129:1269–1277)
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is associated with increased risk of maternal morbidity, mortality, and postpartum depression. In the United States, United Kingdom, and beyond, maternal outcomes vary by ethnicity. In the United Kingdom, Black parturients have a higher risk of intensive care unit admission. This study aimed to investigate the association between the risk of PPH and ethnicity, and how socioeconomic background interacts with this association.
Placenta Accreta Spectrum—Variations in Clinical Practice and Maternal Morbidity Between the UK and France: A Population-based Comparative Study
Authors: McCall S.J. , Deneux-Tharaux C. , Sentilhes L. , Ramakrishnan R. , Collins S.L. , Seco A. , Kurinczuk J.J. , Knight M. , Kayem G. 
Published: May 2023

(BJOG. 2022;129:1676–1685)
Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) carries significant maternal risk following birth when the placenta does not spontaneously detach from the uterus. Risks include massive obstetric hemorrhage (PPH), further maternal morbidity, and possible death. Three subtypes characterize the spectrum (placenta accreta, placenta increta, and placenta percreta) and all are managed by either cesarean hysterectomy or a conservative approach that preserves the uterus in situ in full or part. Practice guidelines in France encourage a uterine-conserving approach when possible, while the standard of care in the UK recommends cesarean hysterectomy as the default. This country level variation in practice allows for comparison of maternal outcomes for a large number of women with PAS receiving different interventions. The aim of this study was to compare management and outcomes in patients with PAS in the United Kingdom and France.
Maternal Fever Associated With Continuous Spinal Versus Epidural Labor Analgesia: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Seiler F.A. , Scavone B.M. , Shahul S. , Arnolds D.E. 
Published: May 2023

(Anesth Analg. 2022;135:1153–1158)
Neuraxial labor analgesia commonly results in maternal fevers, though the cause is unknown. Possible causes include infection, inflammation, and altered thermoregulation. An alternative pain management to epidural labor is continuous spinal analgesia, which has lower neuraxial and systemic bupivacaine levels and may decrease the rate of maternal fever. No studies to date have compared maternal fever rates between epidural labor and continuous spinal analgesia. The aim of this study is to compare 2 techniques and better understand the mechanism that drives maternal fevers in association with epidural labor analgesia.
Quantitative Blood Loss After Vaginal Delivery: A Retrospective Analysis of 104,079 Measurements at 41 Institutions
Authors: Ansari J. , Farber M.K. , Thurer R.L. , Guo N. , Rubenstein A. , Carvalho B. 
Published: May 2023

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2022;51:103256)
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is increasingly problematic throughout the United States. To improve care and timely PPH treatment, an accurate estimation of blood loss during delivery is critical. Visual estimation was the standard for years, but quantitative blood loss (QBL) is a more accurate measurement. However, normal values of QBL have not yet been estimated for the United States. This study primarily aimed to establish a normal range and distribution for QBL after a vaginal delivery (VD). The authors also looked at how often PPH occurred and how much the gravimetric method involving the weighing of sponges and laparotomy (lap) sponges contributed to total QBL compared with the V-drape, which presents a volumetric measurement.
Mandatory Reporting of Emissions to Achieve Net-Zero Health Care
Authors: Singh H. , Eckelman M. , Berwick D.M. , Sherman J.D. 
Published: May 2023

(N Engl J Med. 2022;387:2469–2476)
Threats to human health from climate instability include food and water shortages, heat, modified disease-vector ranges and active seasons, wildfires, and severe weather-related events, all of which have the potential to disrupt health care delivery as well. With awareness of the contribution of greenhouse gasses and toxic emissions by the health care sector—~8.5% of emissions in the United States and 5% globally—many health care systems are prioritizing initiatives to achieve “net zero.” This refers to individual institution-led structures that support offsetting the release of greenhouse gas emissions by providing the means to neutralize their effect on the atmosphere. While many government organizations and consulting bodies to health care call for pledges to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, voluntary initiatives will fall short of net-zero health care goals. A consensus is growing for the need to develop a standardized metric for reporting, promoting accountability, quantifying progress, and recognizing best practices. It is recommended that all health care delivery organizations (HCOs)—all inpatient, outpatient, residential, and support services—be required to report and measure greenhouse gas emissions, in step with the climate goals of other leading organizations to achieve net-zero emissions over the coming decades.
Development of Clinical Risk-prediction Models for Uterine Atony Following Vaginal and Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Ende H.B. , French B. , Shi Y. , Dertai M.D. , Osmundson S.S. , Bauchat J.R. 
Published: May 2023

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2022;51:103550)
As 2.5% of births in the United States are impacted by uterine atony, identifying high-risk women can promote timely treatment and subsequently minimize adverse outcomes. However, there is no current risk assessment model that solely focuses on the risk for uterine atony rather than the overall risk for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). This retrospective study created and tested 2 risk prediction models for antepartum and intrapartum uterine atony.
Impact of Obesity on Uterine Contractile Activity During Labor: A Blinded Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial Cohort
Authors: Hautakangas T. , Uotila J. , Kontiainen J. , Huhtala H. , Palomäki O. 
Published: May 2023

(BJOG. 2022;129:1790–1797)
With conflicting results of previous studies on the need for increased oxytocin during labor for obese parturients, there is no clear consensus on the causes of halted labor progression in this population. Studies of intrauterine pressure (IUP) in obese women during labor are also contradictory, and some show that even with satisfactory IUP [≥200 Montevideo units (MVU)] there is still risk of slowed labor progression and unplanned cesarean delivery (CD). This study aimed to determine whether, when compared to leaner parturients, the contractions of the obese parturient are less powerful, and if greater amounts of oxytocin are needed for successful vaginal delivery (VD).
A Comparison of Praevia and Nonpraevia Outcomes in Placenta Accreta Spectrum Cases: A Single Center Analysis
Authors: Heading R. , Slade L. , Kennedy-Andrews S. , Atkinson E. , Grivell R. 
Published: May 2023

(Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2022;62:487–493)
Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders relate to abnormal placental attachment and are difficult to treat and detect. The variety of both risk factors, including in vitro fertilization and uterine surgeries, and invasion of the placenta can present challenges. Praevia-related PAS is easier to identify, and identifying PAS predelivery greatly improves maternal and neonatal outcomes. This study aimed to identify and compare PAS without previa risk factors and outcomes to PAS with previa risk factors and outcomes.
Nicardipine for Treating Severe Antepartum Hypertension During Pregnancy: 9 Years of Experience in More Than 800 Women
Authors: Bijvank S.W. , Hengst M. , Cornette J.C. , Huigen S. , van Winkelen A. , Edens M.A. , Duvekot J.J. 
Published: May 2023

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2022;101:1017–1025)
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are the second leading direct cause of maternal death. Pregnant patients with severe hypertension should be treated with magnesium sulfate and antihypertensive medication, but it is not clear which antihypertensive is the best drug to use. Nicardipine is a (di)hydralazine calcium antagonist that has shown promising results in previous studies. This multicenter retrospective case series aimed to evaluate nicardipine in terms of efficacy and safety in pregnant women with severe antepartum hypertension.
Association of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus With Overall and Type Specific Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Xie W. , Wang Y. , Xiao S. , Qiu L. , Yu Y. , Zhang Z. 
Published: May 2023

(BMJ. 2022;378:e070244)
Gestational diabetes (GDM) typically resolves after birth, but can cause lingering risk for adverse maternal effects, such as the development of type 2 diabetes and an increased risk in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. There is a lack of information on the risk of type-specific cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and thromboembolism following GDM, but these risks are present even in women who do not later develop type 2 diabetes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the risk of overall and type-specific cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in women who developed GDM using the currently available observational studies.
Modifiable Risk Factors and Long-term Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Individuals With a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yang J. , Qian F. , Cavarro J.E. , Ley S.H. , Tobais D.K. , Yeung E. , Hinkle S.N. , Bao W. , Li M. , Liu A. , Mills J.L. , Sun Q. , Willett W.C. , Hu F.B. , Zhang C. 
Published: May 2023

(BMJ. 2022;378:e070312)
About 8% of US pregnancies are complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, and undiagnosed diabetes can cause potentially irreversible cardiovascular, renal, or neurological damage. Those affected by GDM are at a heightened risk for type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between modifiable risk factors [body mass index (BMI), high-quality diet, regular physical activity, moderate alcohol consumption, and not smoking] and risk of progression to type 2 diabetes in patients who have experienced GDM. A secondary aim was to evaluate whether these associations varied by BMI or genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes.
Neonatal Outcomes for Women at Risk of Preterm Delivery Given Half Dose Versus Full Dose of Antenatal Betamethasone: A Randomized, Multicenter, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Noninferiority Trial
Authors: Schmitz T. , Doret-Dion M. , Sentilhes L. , Parant O. , Claris O. , Renesme L. , Abbal J. , Girault A. , Torchin H. , Houllier M. , Le Saché N. , Vivanti A.J. , De Luca D. , Winer N. , Flamant C. , Thuillier C. , Boileau P. , Blanc J. , Brevaut V. , Bouet P.E. , Gascoin G. , Beucher G. , Datin-Dorriere V. , Bounan S. , Bolot P. , Poncelet C. , Alberti C. , Ursino M. , Aupiais C. , Baud O. ,   BETADOSE Trial Study Group,   Groupe de Recherche en Obstétrique et Gynécologie
Published: May 2023

(Lancet. 2022;400:592–604)
Antenatal corticosteroids are recommended worldwide to help premature fetus lung maturity. However, the current recommended dose may be too high, based on some neurological, mental, and behavioral side effects. This study compared a half-dose (12 mg) of antenatal betamethasone to the typical full dose (24 mg) to determine if a half-dose can be as effective as a full dose, as well as to ultimately determine if a half-dose should be recommended in order to lessen side effects.
The Association of Fetal Acidemia With Adverse Neonatal Outcomes at Time of Scheduled Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Bligard K.H. , Cameo T. , McCallum K.N. , Rubin A. , Rimsza R.R. , Cahill A.G. , Palanisamy A. , Odibo A.O. , Raghuraman N. 
Published: May 2023

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;227:265.e1–8)
Fetal acidemia at delivery is a predictor of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Testing fetal umbilical artery (UA) blood gases at delivery can help identify neonates with acidemia who should receive additional surveillance and interventions to prevent long-term adverse outcomes. There is debate over which levels of fetal acidemia are associated with neonatal morbidity. Fetal acidemia is caused by an interruption in placental gas exchange during contractions in labor. Fetal acidemia does not occur often during scheduled, prelabor cesarean delivery (CD), and is believed to be caused by compression of the inferior vena cava or poor uterine and placental perfusion. This study examined the association between acidemia at the time of scheduled, prelabor CD, and adverse neonatal outcomes, hypothesizing that there would be no association between fetal acidemia and neonatal morbidity in this context.
Beyond Stillbirth: Association of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy Severity and Adverse Outcomes
Authors: Sarker M. , Zamudio A.R. , DeBolt C. , Ferrara L. 
Published: May 2023

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;227:517.e1–517.e7)
While the incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (IHCP) is infrequent (0.3% to 0.5%) in most regions, rates are elevated (15%) in certain populations and confer significant risk to the fetus. Maternal pruritus and elevated bile acids often begin in the second or third trimester, with the total bile acid (TBA) level being correlated to severity of disease and predictive of stillbirth. In addition to fetal demise, recent research has highlighted the association of IHCP with increased iatrogenic preterm birth, spontaneous preterm birth, respiratory distress syndrome and meconium-stained amniotic fluid. While severity-based analysis based on TBA levels is established for stillbirth, this study aimed to delineate an analysis of TBA correlation to other adverse outcomes beyond stillbirth.
Severity of Intrapartum Fever and Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Hensel D. , Zhang F. , Carter E.B. , Frolova A.I. , Odibo A.O. , Kelly J.C. , Cahill A.G. , Raghuraman N. 
Published: May 2023

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;227:513.e1–513.e8)
Infection- or noninfection-mediated intrapartum maternal fever (≥38 °C) is a frequent complication of childbirth, affecting 1 in 15 deliveries. Associations with increased risk for neonatal morbidity include low Apgar score, sepsis, encephalopathy, seizures, respiratory distress, meconium aspiration, and NICU admission. Risk for maternal morbidity as defined by labor dystocia, hemorrhage, instrumental vaginal delivery, and cesarean delivery is also heightened. Studies investigating the correlation of fever severity to increased neonatal and maternal morbidity are conflicting and have been conducted in homogenous patient populations with labor management differing from the standard of care in the United States. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between increased severity of intrapartum fever and maternal and neonatal morbidity in a diverse, contemporary cohort, and medical practice. The authors hypothesized that risk would be independent from the duration of the time from the maximum fever temperature (Tmax) through to delivery.