bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gouverner par le hasard : le tirage au sort des provinces à Rome (IIIe s. av. J.-C.-Ier s. ap. J.-C.)
Authors: Bothorel Julie 
Published: August 2023

Le tirage au sort ne fut jamais une spécificité des régimes démocratiques. À rebours d’une idée reçue, cette procédure, appelée sors ou sortitio en latin, occupait une place centrale dans la vie publique de la Rome républicaine et impériale, bien que le système politique de cette cité devenue un Empire ne fut jamais une démocratie. Si le recours au tirage au sort était fréquent dans la sphère privée ou dans les sanctuaires oraculaires, il était aussi au cœur du fonctionnement des institutions et servait à sélectionner des citoyens ou à répartir entre eux des fonctions. Ce livre retrace l’histoire, de l’époque médio-républicaine à l’époque augustéenne, de l’un des tirages au sort civiques les plus cruciaux pour la cité romaine : celuides provinces,qu’effectuaient consuls et préteurs en exercice, puis sortis de charge. Cette sortitio permettait de répartirle commandement des armées et les principales tâches juridiques, judiciaires et administratives à Rome et dans l’empire romain entre les magistrats curules, tout en limitant les effets délétères de la compétition aristocratique et la corruption. L’enquête, qui s’appuie sur un corpus mêlant sources littéraires, épigraphiques, numismatiques et archéologiques, cherche à restituer, d’une part,les règles qui encadraient cette procédure, c’est-à-dire l’ensemble des coutumes, lois, sénatus-consultes, qui réglaient l’attribution des provinces par le sort, et, d’autre part, la manière dont le rituel était effectué et perçu. Plus largement, c’est une réflexion sur la place et le rôle qui étaient réservés au hasard dans la vie et la culture politiques romaines, et sur les significations religieuses et sociopolitiques que lui prêtaient les Romains, qui est ici proposée.
Comparison of Muscle Biopsy Features with Myositis Autoantibodies in Inflammatory Myopathies: A Pilot Experience
Authors: Gudipati Archana , Rifat Shaikh , Uppin Megha , Jabeen Afshan , Mathukumalli Niharika L. , Yareeda Sireesha , Kayidhi Sunitha , Pyal Anjan , Dhamne Megha , Reddy Y Muralidhar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background:
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), also called autoimmune myositis, are heterogeneous. These include dermatomyositis (DM), inclusion body myositis, immune mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS), and overlap polymyositis. Classification of IIM has evolved from clinical to clinico-pathologic to the recent clinico-sero-pathologic with the discovery of myositis-specific antibodies (MSA) and myositis-associated antibodies. The various antibodies have shown association with specific phenotypes.

Objective:
To analyze muscle biopsy features with respect to each MSA and MAA to understand the frequency of findings in each entity.

Materials and Methods:
Biopsy-proven cases of IIM where myositis profile was available were included in the study after obtaining Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) approval. In addition to the stains and enzyme histochemistry, immunohistochemistry with MHC class I and II and MxA was performed. Features like perifascicular atrophy, perifascicular necrosis, scattered necrosis, inflammation, etc. were analyzed. Myositis profile was performed by line-blot technique using a 16-antigen panel. Cases were divided into different autoantibody subgroups. Various clinical, demographic, and muscle biopsy features were studied with respect to each MSA and MAA.

Results:
There were a total of 64 cases. Mi2 (N = 18) was the most common autoantibody. Some of the salient observations included PFA with perivascular inflammation in Mi2; pediatric cases and microinfarcts in NXP2; no PFA or inflammation in MDA5; perifascicular necrosis in JO1; extensive necrosis with sparse inflammation in SRP; more inflammation in overlap myositis; MxA positivity in DM; and absent in ASS.

Conclusion:
This is a pilot study documenting differences in biopsy phenotype with each MSA and MAA which is comparable to the literature. These findings can be used to characterize IIM in seronegative biopsies.
Association between Coronary Heart Disease, Heart Failure, and Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sun Weifeng , Zhuo Shanshan , Wu Hao , Cai Xiaojie 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF), and stroke have been linked to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, previous studies have reported inconsistent results. The study aimed to investigate the association between CHD, HF, and the risk of AD using a meta-analysis.

Methods:
STATA 12.0 software is used to compute odds ratios (ORs)/relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between CHD, HF, and the risk of AD.

Results:
A total of 12 studies (including N = 36,913 individuals with AD and N = 1,701,718 participants) investigated the association between CHD and the risk of AD. Meta-analysis indicated that CHD was associated with an increased risk of AD with a random effects model (OR/RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.00–1.48, I2 = 97.2%, P < 0.001). Additionally, seven studies (including N = 5,119 individuals with AD and N = 1,231,399 participants) investigated the association between myocardial infarction (MI) and the risk of AD. Our meta-analysis demonstrated no significant association between MI and the risk of AD with a fixed effects model (RR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.91–1.30, I2 = 42.8%, P = 0.105). Finally, six studies (including N = 83,065 individuals with AD and N = 2,414,963 participants) examined the association between HF and the risk of AD. Our meta-analysis revealed that HF was associated with an increased risk of AD using a random effects model (RR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.05–2.24, I2 = 96.8%, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggests that CHD and HF are associated with an increased risk of developing AD. Nonetheless, more large-scale prospective studies are necessary to further investigate the associations between CHD, HF, and the risk of AD.
Clinical Profile and Quality of Life in Myasthenia Gravis Using MGQOL15 R(Hindi): An Indian Perspective
Authors: Majigoudra Ganeshgouda , Duggal Ashish K. , Chowdhury Debashish , Koul Arun , Todi Vineet K. , Roshan Sujata 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background:
Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a chronic fluctuating illness, due to the dysfunction of neuromuscular junction which is autoimmune in nature. The disease severely affects the Quality Of Life (QOL).

Objective:
The primary objective of our study was to assess the QOL in patients with MG using Short Form 36 (SF 36) and MGQOL 15 R (Hindi translated).The secondary objective was to assess the correlation of age, sex, illness duration, clinical characteristics, severity, and treatment with the QOL in MG patients.

Methodology:
A cross sectional study of 55 MG patients was done to analyse and evaluate the clinical status using Hybrid Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (HMGFA), Myasthenia gravis composite score (MGCS) and The Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG – ADL). QOL was assessed by SF 36 and Hindi version of Myasthenia Gravis Quality of Life 15 – Revised (MG-QOL15R) score.

Results:
78.2% patients had generalized MG. The mean MGC and MG-ADL scores were 5.27 and 3.29 (95% CI: 2.24 -4.34) respectively. The mean MGQOL15R score was 6.52 ± 7.7 and the score correlated with the symptoms. The SF 36 scores were the best and the worst in the bodily pain (93.72 ± 13.52) and general health subset (61.81 ± 39.64) respectively. Except for steroid dose, there was no significant correlation between SF36 and other factors.

Conclusion:
QOL in MG was found to be affected due to the disease. The MGQOL 15 R scores correlated with the clinical features, remission or active status, steroid use and thymectomy. No Significant association was observed between MG QOL scores and various lab parameters and repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) test results. Higher dose of steroid was associated with poor QOL, while thymectomy was associated with better QOL scores. MGQOL15R (Hindi) is a quick and simple tool to assess the QOL in MG patients.
The Pattern of Rh Phenotype among Voluntary Blood Donors – A Single-Center Observation from North India
Authors: Pangtey Tanuja , Satyawali Vivekanand , Jangpangi Deepika 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Human blood is precious and its availability and requirement are important elements of a comprehensive health-care delivery. Healthy voluntary donors are key sources to maintain the supply of human blood, and due care is warranted to ensure that the right blood reaches the right patient. Blood donor screening is standard practice, and the knowledge of ABO and Rh phenotype study is important. Prevalence and pattern of Rh phenotypes in a particular area may be important for various functioning of any blood bank.

Materials and Method:
Various centers frequently showcase prevalence pattern of Rh phenotype at a specified centre or region. A similar study was undertaken from collected data of voluntary blood donors in our tertiary care center.

Results:
Out of 2000 donor samples, B, A, O, and AB were in the decreasing order of frequency with 33.3%, 29.6%, 25.7%, and 11.4%, respectively. The most common Rh antigens observed were e (97.1%), followed by D (93.8%), C (88.45%), c (51.05%), and E (18.45%). Out of eight phenotypes in D-positive donors, R1R1 (DCCee), R1r (DCcee), and R1R2 (DCcEe) were most frequently observed. In D-negative donors, rr (ddccee), r’r (ddCcee), and r’r’ (CCddee) were the most common.

Conclusion:
The Rh phenotype pattern in our centre had diverse pattern and knowledge of this would guide further studies.
Nasosinus Mucoceles: Our Experiences at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Eastern India
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Dubey Debasmita 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Nasosinus mucoceles are expansile cystic masses originating at the paranasal sinuses by chronic retention of the mucus in a sinus cavity due to ostial obstruction.

Aim:
This study aims to evaluate the risk factors, clinical presentations, and management of nasosinus mucoceles.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective study carried out over 5 years from August 2017 to September 2022 at a tertiary care teaching hospital. The diagnosis of nasosinus mucoceles was done by the clinical presentations and imaging of the paranasal sinuses.

Results:
There were 38 cases of nasosinus mucoceles included in the study. This study included 20 males and 18 females and male-to-female ratio of 1.11:1, with a mean age of 52.6 years (age range from 16 to 78 years). Computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging were the main imaging done among study patients. All patients underwent endoscopic sinus surgery with marsupialization. Out of 38 patients, 2 (5.26%) had recurrence during the follow-up period.

Conclusion:
Orbital symptoms were major manifestations found in this study. CT scan was an important imaging performed in preoperative assessment. Endoscopic endonasal surgery is currently the gold standard for the treatment of nasosinus mucoceles. A satisfactory outcome was achieved after endonasal endoscopic marsupialization.
Quelques réflexions sur la notion d'accessibilité (suivi d'un commentaire de G. KOENIG)
Authors: de Crecy Renaud 
Published: August 2023

This paper first reviews the main various operational forms used for a quantitative measure of accessibility in urban transit studies and considers practical use and theorical basis for each of them. In a second part, the problem discussed is to know what form is the most theorically founded and is to be used when comparing different situations through accessibility. The comparison may concern different cities, or different parts of a town, or periods, or modes, or people categories. In each case, a special form for accessibility is provided and it is outlined that this concept has ever more ordinal than cardinal qualities, and that it is difficult, in consequence, to measure really the difference of accessibility between two situations.
Cet article recense tout d'abord les différents indicateurs d'accessibilité effectivement utilisés dans les études de transport urbain, en rappelant pour chacun d'eux leur signification pratique et leurs bases théoriques. Dans une deuxième partie, le problème soulevé est de savoir quel est l'indicateur le plus justifié et qui doit être utilisé quand on compare différentes situations en termes d’accessibilité. La comparaison peut concerner aussi bien différentes villes, les différents secteurs d'une ville, des époques, des modes et des catégories d'usagers différents. Dans chaque cas, un indicateur spécifique est proposé, mais en soulignant toujours que le concept d'accessibilité possède des vertus beaucoup plus ordinales, et qu'il est donc difficile de mesurer objectivement la différence d'accessibilité entre deux situations.
Transports en commun et représentation automatique
Authors: Plassard François 
Published: August 2023

With the development of minicomputers, it is now possible to produce quickly and at low cost many diagrams which until now could only be made with very large computers. This paper illustrates these new capabilities by applying them to a mass transport inquiry realized at Lyon in 1977. It then proposes, given the difficulties presented, a methodology to make maps of a spatial phenomenon.
Le développement de la micro-informatique rend maintenant possible, dans les délais rapides et à des coûts très faibles, la production des représentations graphiques qui nécessitaient jusque-là le recours à de gros ordinateurs. Cet article montre ces possibilités en les appliquant au traitement d'une enquête sur les transports en commun réalisée à Lyon en 1977. Il propose alors, devant les difficultés mises en évidence, une méthodologie pour la représentation cartographique d'un phénomène spatial.
The extension plan of the underground in the Parisian suburbs - a typical case of application of the multicriteria analysis
Authors: Hugonnard J.-C. , Roy B. 
Published: August 2023

The implementation of the last wave of extensions in the suburban metro network of Paris Region which took place in 1970, has been based on a long term comprehensive plan, elaborated by the RATP (1) and approved by the involved local and national authorities.If it is not in the scope of the RATP to decide on the greater or lesser priority to give to such or such project, it is on the contrary its due task to assist the official agencies in bringing out all the elements necessary to the clarifying of such issues.In the context, a specific multicriteria method has been elaborated for the ranking of the operations; this method has been derived from the more general ELECTRE methods.The purpose of this paper is two-fold: first, we shall state briefly the policy guidelines of the metro extension plan initiated in 1973; second, we shall describe this multicritera method, which can be expected to be able to deal properly with other investment choice problems.(1) Paris Public Transport Authority.
Lorsque, vers 1970, l'extension du métro en banlieue parisienne a été relancée, la RATP a mis au point un plan d'extension global à long terme qui a reçu l'approbation des Pouvoirs Publics.S'il n'appartient pas à la RATP de décider de la plus ou moins grande priorité à accorder à telle ou telle opération, il entre par contre dans sa vocation de fournir aux Pouvoirs Publics l'ensemble des éléments d'un tel choix.C'est dans cette optique qu'a été élaborée une méthode multicritère originale de classement de ces prolongements, qui s'inscrit dans le droit fil des méthodes ELECTRE.Cet article a donc un double objectif : rappeler d'une part sommairement les grandes lignes de la politique d'extension du métro en banlieue mise en œuvre à partir de 1973, décrire d'autre part cette approche multicritère originale, qui pourrait trouver notamment d'autres applications dans le domaine du choix des investissements.
Le comportement de l’usager du système de transport interrégional – choix d’un mode de transport ou plutôt d’un certain type de mobilité ?
Authors: Morellet Olivier 
Published: August 2023

In the case of an improvment of the level of service for a given transport mode, the representation of the traffic movements consist schematically to make a distinction between two phenomenons: the appearance of new trips, and the simple change in the modal split of trlps, witch would be made in any case on the considered link.About the example of the T.G.V. Paris-South East, and on the base of the first exploitations that I.R.T. has made of the survey "Transports 1981", the author state the following questions:Is the usual representation of phenomenon’s compatible with an improvement in the field of users behaviour modeling? Isn’t necessary to go beyond the simple analysis relating between used transport mode and other trip characteristics, and to make a global simulation of the choice that people make simultaneous for all the modalities of their mobility?
La représentation faite habituellement des mouvements de trafic provoqués par l'amélioration du niveau de service offert par un moyen de transport donné, opère schématiquement la distinction entre deux phénomènes : l'apparition de déplacements considérés comme entièrement nouveaux ("l'induction") et le simple changement de mode de transport pour des déplacements qui ne seraient de toutes façons effectués sur la liaison aménagée ("le transfert modal").Partant de l'exemple de la mise en service des dessertes par T.G.V. sur l'axe Paris Sud-Est, et prenant appui sur les premières exploitations faites à l'I.R.T. de l'enquête Transports 1981, l'auteur pose la question de savoir si cette présentation habituelle des phénomènes n'est pas trop éloignée de la complexité des mécanismes réels pour servir de base à un véritable perfectionnement des procédés de modélisation du comportement de l'usager.Dans ce domaine, il semble bien que le progrès méthodologique suppose de dépasser les simples études de relation entre mode de transport utilisé et autres caractéristiques des déplacements, pour une approche plus globale des conditions dans lesquelles les individus déterminent simultanément l'ensemble des modalités de leur mobilité.
Tarification sociale des transports collectifs et population immigrée
Authors: Begag Azouz 
Published: August 2023

The immigrant population living in France as caused few studies in the field of transport. In fact, this is the idea of integration an ethnical or racial dimension in the research problematics which has not been yet underlined. Though, considering in a specific way the foreign user in the scope of urban travel may suggest a lot of interests. The purpose of the paper is to show that the subsidizing politics of French urban transit systems corresponds badly with the demographic, social and economic realities of the immigrant population and specially those coming from Nord-Africa who represent more than one million persons.
La population immigrée vivant en France a fait l'objet de peu d'études dans le domaine des transports. En fait, c'est l'idée d'intégrer une dimension ethnique ou raciale dans les problématiques de recherches qui n'a pas encore été soulevée. Or, la considération en tant qu'objet spécifique, de l'usager étranger des transports collectifs révèle des intérêts suggestifs. Le but de cet article est de montrer que le système de subventionnement des transports urbains en France correspond mal aux réalités démographiques, sociales et économiques de la population immigrée, et plus particulièrement celle issue de l'Afrique du Nord qui représente plus d'un million de personnes.
Ile-de-France region passenger account
Authors: Amsler Yves , Auzannet Pascal 
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of an attempt to built up a Regional Passenger Account for the Ile-de-France Region. The methodology provided is derived from the one used for the Satellite Accounts of the National Accounting.The Transportation Account isolates all investment and operating expenses specific to this field for the year 1983. It describes the financial flows involved. Households, enterprises and administrations contributions are detailed, as well as those supplied by the State, the Region and the local governments. It makes a comparison between the different means of transportation (private and public) both in terms of cost price and expenses the users carry (social advantages and costs no included).The paper concludes on some leading ideas for modifications which might happen in the rules for financing transportation in the Ile-de-France Region.
L'article présente et commente les résultats d'une première tentative d'élaboration d'un compte régional de transports de voyageurs en région Ile-de-France, dont la méthodologie s'apparente à celle des comptes satellites de la comptabilité nationale.Le compte transport isole l'ensemble des dépenses caractéristiques du domaine pour l'année 1983, en investissement et en fonctionnement, et décrit les flux financiers mis en jeu en détaillant les contributions des ménages, des entreprises et des administrations, ainsi que celles de l'Etat, de la région et des Collectivités Locales. Il établit une comparaison entre les différents modes de transport (moyens individuels et transports collectifs) en termes de prix de revient et de coûts supportés par les utilisateurs, hors avantages et coûts sociaux.La conclusion propose quelques orientations pour une modification éventuelle des règles de financement des transports en Région Ile-de-France.
Vehicle nuisance control and energy saving. Essay for a typology and a definition of problem
Authors: Geordiades Yiannakis 
Published: August 2023

Are control vehicle nuisance and energy savings seeking compatible targets? Will current used techno¬logies in the automotive industry enable to realize convergent per¬formances in the field of pollutant emission, noice and fuel consumption reduction? A typology of various technologies according to their effects on each of above targets is set out.
La lutte contre les nuisances automobiles et la recherche d'économies d'énergie sont-ils des objectifs compatibles ? Les techniques actuellement utilisées ou maîtrisées par les constructeurs automobiles permettront-elles de réaliser des performances convergentes dans le domaine de la réduction des émissions de polluants, du bruit et de la consommation de carburant ? L'article présente une typologie de différentes techniques en fonction de leurs effets sur chacun des objectifs en question.
Strategic or master plans in the Spanish port system: methodology and experience from the port of Santander
Authors: Izquierdo Rafael , Pesquera Gonzalez Miguel A. 
Published: August 2023

After describing the organization of the Spanish port system and its place in the overall transport framework, this article examines Spanish ports policy, which is based on applying commercial criteria in the management of the different harbours. It then studies the methodology applied, at port level, in strategic or master plans. This analysis concentrates principally on the strategic plan for the port of Santander which has both internal and external elements in order to better respond to current structural changes in so¬cio-economic activity.
Après avoir décrit l'organisation du système portuaire en Espagne et sa place au sein du système global de transport, cet article présente la politique portuaire espagnole fondée sur l'application de critères d'entreprise pour la gestion des différents ports. Il étudie ensuite la méthodologie développée pour élaborer, au niveau des ports, des plans stratégiques ou directeurs. Pour cette analyse, il se réfère notamment à l'expérience du port de Santander dont le plan stratégique comporte à la fois des objectifs externes et internes à l'organisation visant à répondre aux changements structurels de l'activité socio-économique actuelle.