bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informationsmenge als Indikator psychischer Belastung
Authors: Ferreira Yvonne , Aygün Müzeyyen , Vogt Joachim , Zweck Bettina Maria 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Studie stellt eine Laboruntersuchung an acht Versuchspersonen dar, die mit Hilfe einer Postkorbübung drei unterschiedlichen Belastungsstufen aufgrund von steigender Informationsmenge ausgesetzt werden. Es wird untersucht, ob Informationsmenge ein psychischer Belastungsfaktor ist und wann/ob dieser zu einer Fehlbelastung führen kann. Erhoben werden die Kopf- und Gesichtsbewegungen, die in vorherigen Studien als Indikatoren für Fehlbelastung identifiziert wurden, sowie die Anzahl korrekter Antworten. Die Daten werden mittels Korrelations‑, Regressions- und Varianzanalysen ausgewertet. Es zeigen sich signifikante Zusammenhänge zwischen Informationsmenge und richtigen Antworten (τb = −0,43, p = 0.013), Informationsmenge und Kopf‑/Gesichtsbewegungen (τb = 0,43, p = 0.009) sowie richtigen Antworten und Kopf‑/Gesichtsbewegungen (τb = −0,29, p = 0.050). Das Ergebnis der linearen Regression ist signifikant, weil F (1,9998) = 1,577e + 04 und p < 0.001 ist bei R2 = 0,612. Somit ist Informationsmenge ein signifikanter Prädiktor für Kopf‑/Gesichtsbewegungen. Auch die zweite Regressionsanalyse ist signifikant mit F (1,9998) = 1,261e + 04 und p < 0.001 bei R2 = 0,5577. Somit ist Informationsmenge ein signifikanter Prädiktor für richtige Antworten. Die Ergebnisse der ANOVA zeigen, dass sich Kopf‑/Gesichtsbewegungen signifikant für die verschiedenen Belastungsstufen (p = 0.02) und ebenfalls die Anzahl der richtigen Antworten (p = 0.03) unterscheiden. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Informationsmenge ein psychischer Belastungsfaktor ist und dass innerhalb der zweiten Belastungsstufe (mittlere Informationsmenge) eine Grenze der menschlichen Informationsverarbeitung liegt.Praktische Relevanz: Die Studie bereitet erste Erkenntnisse zur Festlegung von Grenzwerten für Informationsmenge auf und gibt Tipps speziell für den Versand von E‑Mails sowie zu Arbeitsunterbrechungen für die berufliche Praxis.
AI impacts on supply chain performance : a manufacturing use case study
Authors: Walter Stefan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe integration of cross-company activities to form global supply chains (SC) has several benefits, including reducing costs, minimizing energy and resource waste, and promoting relationships for improving all network actors. However, as the number of tiers of suppliers and customers increases, monitoring processes and identifying problems becomes more challenging, which can threaten the continuity of the SC. To address this issue, the EU knowlEdge project proposes using artificial intelligence (AI) solutions that are distributed, scalable, and collaborative to enable automatic monitoring and learning in the SC. This approach replaces rigid organization with flexible networks that leverage self-learning algorithms and automatic value creation, thereby facilitating knowledge sharing. The project unifies technologies from various domains, including AI, data analytics, edge, and cloud computing, into a software architecture that offers a systemic solution rather than an incremental improvement. This architecture enhances SC performance, including adaptability and autonomy, and enables industry to adopt adaptive strategies. The platform’s functionality is tested in manufacturing, where it will improve production monitoring and planning and enable human intervention and learning. The AI application is expected to increase performance on various business and production indicators, which will also have an impact beyond the factory floor. With this approach, managers can respond quickly to changing customer requirements, while deviations in planned processes can be addressed more effectively. Additionally, the research conducted by the project will provide insights into future management and learning in SC.
Carbon in Chinese grasslands: meta-analysis and theory of grazing effects
Authors: Deng Lei , Shangguan Zhouping , Bell Stephen Mackenzie , Soromotin Andrey V. , Peng Changhui , An Shaoshan , Wu Xing , Xu Xingliang , Wang Kaibo , Li Jianping , Tang Zhuangsheng , Yan Weiming , Zhang Fengbao , Li Jiwei , Wu Jianzhao , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGlobally, livestock grazing is an important management factor influencing soil degradation, soil health and carbon (C) stocks of grassland ecosystems. However, the effects of grassland types, grazing intensity and grazing duration on C stocks are unclear across large geographic scales. To provide a more comprehensive assessment of how grazing drives ecosystem C stocks in grasslands, we compiled and analyzed data from 306 studies featuring four grassland types across China: desert steppes, typical steppes, meadow steppes and alpine steppes. Light grazing was the best management practice for desert steppes (< 2 sheep ha−1) and typical steppes (3 to 4 sheep ha−1), whereas medium grazing pressure was optimal for meadow steppes (5 to 6 sheep ha−1) and alpine steppes (7 to 8 sheep ha−1) leading to the highest ecosystem C stocks under grazing. Plant biomass (desert steppes) and soil C stocks (meadow steppes) increased under light or medium grazing, confirming the ‘intermediate disturbance hypothesis’. Heavy grazing decreased all C stocks regardless of grassland ecosystem types, approximately 1.4 Mg ha−1 per year for the whole ecosystem. The regrowth and regeneration of grasslands in response to grazing intensity (i.e., grazing optimization) depended on grassland types and grazing duration. In conclusion, grassland grazing is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, proper management (light or medium grazing) can maintain and even increase C stocks above- and belowground, and increase the harvested livestock products from grasslands. On the other hand, human-induced overgrazing can lead to rapid degradation of vegetation and soils, resulting in significant carbon loss and requiring long-term recovery. Grazing regimes (i.e., intensity and duration applied) must consider specific grassland characteristics to ensure stable productivity rates and optimal impacts on ecosystem C stocks.
Graphical Abstract
Co-designing with engineers for community engagement in rural Uganda
Authors: White P.J. , Okello Dorothy , Casey Brian P. , Najjuuko Claire , Lukanga Ronald 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Co-design is seen as crucial for designing solutions for resource-constrained people living in developing countries. To best understand their needs, user engagement and co-design strategies need to first be developed. In this Design Practice Brief, a process of co-design was created and used to understand ways telecommunication engineers could engage with rural communities in Uganda. It reports and reflects on (i) the experience of co-designing with nondesigners and (ii) creating a co-design structure and developing co-design methods of engaging with community members living in developing countries. In doing so, it offers a format and case study for future practitioners facilitating and conducting co-design with nondesigners and contributes to a knowledge gap in the reporting and reflection of co-design practice. This case study is unique as the co-design practice was achieved remotely (online), crossed disciplines (designers and telecommunication engineers) and cultural boundaries (European and African). It finds that in co-designing with nondesigners, preparation and structure are key, with acknowledgement and management of cultural and discipline differences.
Examining the impact of racial disparities on Clostridioides difficile infection outcomes at a Southern California academic teaching hospital
Authors: Lee Jina M. , Zhou Anna Y. , Ortiz-Gratacos Natalie M. , Al Isso Almas , Tan Karen K. , Abdul-Mutakabbir Jacinda C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRacial differences in Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) outcomes have been reported. In this study, minoritized patients with CDIs had prolonged hospitalizations and increased intensive care unit admissions. Chronic kidney disease was shown to partially mediate the relationship between race or ethnicity and severe CDI. Our findings suggest potential areas for equitable interventions.
Architecting materials for extremal stiffness, yield, and buckling strength
Authors: Wang Fengwen , Sigmund Ole 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes a methodology for architecting microstructures with extremal stiffness, yield, and buckling strength using topology optimisation. The optimised microstructures reveal an interesting transition from simple lattice-like structures for yield-dominated situations to hierarchical lattice structures for buckling-dominated situations. The transition from simple to hierarchical is governed by the relative yield strength of the constituent base material as well as the volume fraction. The overall performances of the optimised microstructures indicate that maximum strength is determined by the buckling strength at low-volume fractions and yield strength at higher-volume fractions, regardless of the base material’s relative yield strength. The non-normalised properties of the optimised microstructures show that higher base material Young’s modulus leads to both higher Young’s modulus and strength of the architected microstructures. Furthermore, the polynomial order of the maximum strength lines with respect to mass density obtained from the optimised microstructures reduces as base material relative yield strength decreases, reducing from 2.3 for buckling-dominated thermoplastic polyurethane to 1 for yield-dominated steel microstructures.
White-adjacent Muslim development: racializing British Muslim aid in Mali
Authors: Rahman Rhea 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMuslim aid organizations are relatively new actors in the Western aid industry. Based on multi-sited ethnographic research with the UK-based NGO Islamic Relief, I explore the organization’s engagement with a school in need of repair in southern rural Mali that is also the site of a sacred shrine of importance to locals. I examine the contextual global logics of racialization that undergird different interpretations and practices of what it means to ‘do good’. Situating an understanding of ‘development’ in an analysis of global racial capitalism, I argue that, as an Islamically inspired aid organization based in the UK, Islamic Relief is both subject to anti-Muslim racism and complicit in a white-adjacent racialized project of ‘development’ in Africa. I foreground the whiteness of development to show how modernist development practice makes it impossible to see other ways of conceptualizing ‘doing good’ that are also deeply grounded in Islam.
Cannabis use as a potential mediator between childhood adversity and first-episode psychosis: results from the EU-GEI case–control study
Authors: Trotta Giulia , Rodriguez Victoria , Quattrone Diego , Spinazzola Edoardo , Tripoli Giada , Gayer-Anderson Charlotte , Freeman Tom P , Jongsma Hannah E , Sideli Lucia , Aas Monica , Stilo Simona A , La Cascia Caterina , Ferraro Laura , La Barbera Daniele , Lasalvia Antonio , Tosato Sarah , Tarricone Ilaria , D'Andrea Giuseppe , Tortelli Andrea , Schürhoff Franck , Szöke Andrei , Pignon Baptiste , Selten Jean-Paul , Velthorst Eva , de Haan Lieuwe , Llorca Pierre-Michel , Rossi Menezes Paulo , Del Ben Cristina M , Santos Jose Luis , Arrojo Manuel , Bobes Julio , Sanjuán Julio , Bernardo Miquel , Arango Celso , Kirkbride James B , Jones Peter B , Richards Alexander , Rutten Bart P , Van Os Jim , Austin-Zimmerman Isabelle , Li Zhikun , Morgan Craig , Sham Pak C , Vassos Evangelos , Wong Chloe , Bentall Richard , Fisher Helen L , Murray Robin M , Alameda Luis , Di Forti Marta ,   EU-GEI WP2 Group
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildhood adversity and cannabis use are considered independent risk factors for psychosis, but whether different patterns of cannabis use may be acting as mediator between adversity and psychotic disorders has not yet been explored. The aim of this study is to examine whether cannabis use mediates the relationship between childhood adversity and psychosis.MethodsData were utilised on 881 first-episode psychosis patients and 1231 controls from the European network of national schizophrenia networks studying Gene–Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) study. Detailed history of cannabis use was collected with the Cannabis Experience Questionnaire. The Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire was used to assess exposure to household discord, sexual, physical or emotional abuse and bullying in two periods: early (0–11 years), and late (12–17 years). A path decomposition method was used to analyse whether the association between childhood adversity and psychosis was mediated by (1) lifetime cannabis use, (2) cannabis potency and (3) frequency of use.ResultsThe association between household discord and psychosis was partially mediated by lifetime use of cannabis (indirect effect coef. 0.078, s.e. 0.022, 17%), its potency (indirect effect coef. 0.059, s.e. 0.018, 14%) and by frequency (indirect effect coef. 0.117, s.e. 0.038, 29%). Similar findings were obtained when analyses were restricted to early exposure to household discord.ConclusionsHarmful patterns of cannabis use mediated the association between specific childhood adversities, like household discord, with later psychosis. Children exposed to particularly challenging environments in their household could benefit from psychosocial interventions aimed at preventing cannabis misuse.
Quality and accuracy of online nutrition-related information: a systematic review of content analysis studies
Authors: Denniss Emily , Lindberg Rebecca , McNaughton Sarah A 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjective:This systematic review aimed to summarise the level of quality and accuracy of nutrition-related information on websites and social media and determine if quality and accuracy varied between websites and social media or publishers of information.Design:This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021224277). CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health and Academic Search Complete were systematically searched on 15 January 2021 to identify content analysis studies, published in English after 1989, that evaluated the quality and/or accuracy of nutrition-related information published on websites or social media. A coding framework was used to classify studies’ findings about information quality and/or accuracy as poor, good, moderate or varied. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist was used to assess the risk of bias.Setting:N/A.Participants:N/A.Results:From 10 482 articles retrieved, sixty-four were included. Most studies evaluated information from websites (n53, 82·8 %). Similar numbers of studies assessed quality (n41, 64·1 %) and accuracy (n47, 73·4 %). Almost half of the studies reported that quality (n20, 48·8 %) or accuracy (n23, 48·9 %) was low. Quality and accuracy of information were similar on social media and websites, however, varied between information publishers. High risk of bias in sample selection and quality or accuracy evaluations was a common limitation.Conclusion:Online nutrition-related information is often inaccurate and of low quality. Consumers seeking information online are at risk of being misinformed. More action is needed to improve the public’s eHealth and media literacy and the reliability of online nutrition-related information.
Strengthening Environmental Decision Making through Legislation: Insights from Cognitive Science and Behavioural Economics
Authors: van der Zee Eva 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe environmental assessment literature has neglected the distorting effect of cognitive and unconscious motivational biases (CUMB) in environmental assessment processes. This is problematic because CUMB are present in most, if not all, decision-making situations and can significantly distort decision-making processes. This article assesses how debiasing techniques are, or should be, incorporated in (supra)national environmental assessment legislation. The Dutch case study undertaken for this article shows that EU and Dutch legislation do not sufficiently incorporate debiasing techniques to ensure sound environmental decision making. Furthermore, the extent to which Dutch legislation incorporates debiasing techniques was found to be decreasing. Based on these findings, the article presents ways to incorporate debiasing techniques in environmental assessment legislation more generally, and in EU and Dutch legislation in particular.
Secular Trends of Birth Weight in Twins and Singletons in South Korea from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Hur Yoon-Mi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhether the decline of birth weight (BW) reported in developed countries in the early 2000s is ongoing remains unknown. Furthermore, despite recent sharp increases in twin births, comparing secular trends of BW between singletons and twins is difficult, as studies have rarely examined secular trends of BW in twins and singletons simultaneously. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the most recent 20-year trends (2000–2020) of BW in twins and singletons in South Korea. Annual natality files from 2000 to 2020 obtained from the Korean Statistical Information Service were analyzed. A yearly decrease of BW was 3 g among singletons and 5 to 6 g in twins from 2000 to 2020, indicating a widening gap of BW between twins and singletons with increasing years. Gestational age (GA) also decreased in twins and singletons with yearly decreases of 0.28 days in singletons and 0.41 days in twins. Whereas BW decreased in term (GA ≥ 37 weeks), and very preterm groups (28 weeks ≤ GA < 32 weeks) from 2000 to 2020 in twins and singletons, it increased in moderate to late preterm (32 weeks ≤ GA < 37 weeks) groups, indicating a non-linear relationship between BW and GA. The prevalence of macrosomia (BW > 4000 g) in singletons decreased from 2000 to 2020, whereas low birth weight (LBW; BW < 2500 g) increased in twins and singletons. LBW is associated with adverse health outcomes. Effective public health strategies aiming at reduction in the incidence of LBW in the population should be developed.
Global Warming Reshapes European Pyroregions
Authors: Galizia Luiz Felipe , Barbero Renaud , Rodrigues Marcos , Ruffault Julien , Pimont Francois , Curt Thomas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWildland fire is expected to increase in response to global warming, yet little is known about future changes to fire regimes in Europe. Here, we developed a pyrogeography based on statistical fire models to better understand how global warming reshapes fire regimes across the continent. We identified five large‐scale pyroregions with different levels of area burned, fire frequency, intensity, length of fire period, size distribution, and seasonality. All other things being equal, global warming was found to alter the distribution of these pyroregions, with an expansion of the most fire prone pyroregions ranging respectively from 50% to 130% under 2° and 4°C global warming scenarios. Our estimates indicate a strong amplification of fire across parts of southern Europe and a subsequent shift toward new fire regimes, implying substantial socio‐ecological impacts in the absence of mitigation or adaptation measures.
Mapping Landslide Susceptibility Over Large Regions With Limited Data
Authors: Woodard J. B. , Mirus B. B. , Crawford M. M. , Or D. , Leshchinsky B. A. , Allstadt K. E. , Wood N. J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLandslide susceptibility maps indicate the spatial distribution of landslide likelihood. Modeling susceptibility over large or diverse terrains remains a challenge due to the sparsity of landslide data (mapped extent of known landslides) and the variability in triggering conditions. Several different data sampling strategies of landslide locations used to train a susceptibility model are used to mitigate this challenge. However, to our knowledge, no study has systematically evaluated how different sampling strategies alter a model's predictor effects (i.e., how a predictor value influences the susceptibility output) critical to explaining differences in model outputs. Here, we introduce a statistical framework that examines the variation in predictor effects and the model accuracy (measured using receiver operator characteristics) to highlight why certain sampling strategies are more effective than others. Specifically, we apply our framework to an array of logistic regression models trained on landslide inventories collected at sub‐regional scales over four terrains across the United States. Results show significant variations in predictor effects depending on the inventory used to train the models. The inconsistent predictor effects cause low accuracies when testing models on inventories outside the domain of the training data. Grouping test and training sets according to physiographic and ecological characteristics, which are thought to share similar triggering mechanisms, does not improve model accuracy. We also show that using limited landslide data distributed uniformly over the entire modeling domain is better than using dense but spatially isolated data to train a model for applications over large regions.
The phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate-Rab35 axis regulates migrasome formation
Authors: Ding Tianlun , Ji Jinyao , Zhang Weiying , Liu Yuheng , Liu Boqi , Han Yiyang , Chen Chunlai , Yu Li 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMigrasomes are recently discovered organelles, which are formed on the ends or branch points of retraction fibers at the trailing edge of migrating cells. Previously, we showed that recruitment of integrins to the site of migrasome formation is essential for migrasome biogenesis. In this study, we found that prior to migrasome formation, PIP5K1A, a PI4P kinase which converts PI4P into PI(4,5)P2, is recruited to migrasome formation sites. The recruitment of PIP5K1A results in generation of PI(4,5)P2 at the migrasome formation site. Once accumulated, PI(4,5)P2 recruits Rab35 to the migrasome formation site by interacting with the C-terminal polybasic cluster of Rab35. We further demonstrated that active Rab35 promotes migrasome formation by recruiting and concentrating integrin α5 at migrasome formation sites, which is likely mediated by the interaction between integrin α5 and Rab35. Our study identifies the upstream signaling events orchestrating migrasome biogenesis.
Restoration of lysosomal acidification rescues autophagy and metabolic dysfunction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Zeng Jialiu , Acin-Perez Rebeca , Assali Essam A. , Martin Andrew , Brownstein Alexandra J. , Petcherski Anton , Fernández-del-Rio Lucía , Xiao Ruiqing , Lo Chih Hung , Shum Michaël , Liesa Marc , Han Xue , Shirihai Orian S. , Grinstaff Mark W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the world. High levels of free fatty acids in the liver impair hepatic lysosomal acidification and reduce autophagic flux. We investigate whether restoration of lysosomal function in NAFLD recovers autophagic flux, mitochondrial function, and insulin sensitivity. Here, we report the synthesis of novel biodegradable acid-activated acidifying nanoparticles (acNPs) as a lysosome targeting treatment to restore lysosomal acidity and autophagy. The acNPs, composed of fluorinated polyesters, remain inactive at plasma pH, and only become activated in lysosomes after endocytosis. Specifically, they degrade at pH of ~6 characteristic of dysfunctional lysosomes, to further acidify and enhance the function of lysosomes. In established in vivo high fat diet mouse models of NAFLD, re-acidification of lysosomes via acNP treatment restores autophagy and mitochondria function to lean, healthy levels. This restoration, concurrent with reversal of fasting hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis, indicates the potential use of acNPs as a first-in-kind therapeutic for NAFLD.