bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteome‐Wide Fragment‐Based Ligand and Target Discovery
Authors: Forrest Ines , Parker Christopher G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChemical probes are invaluable tools to investigate biological processes and can serve as lead molecules for the development of new therapies. However, despite their utility, only a fraction of human proteins have selective chemical probes, and more generally, our knowledge of the “chemically‐tractable” proteome is limited, leaving many potential therapeutic targets unexploited. To help address these challenges, powerful chemical proteomic approaches have recently been developed to globally survey the ability of proteins to bind small molecules (i. e., ligandability) directly in native systems. In this review, we discuss the utility of such approaches, with a focus on the integration of chemoproteomic methods with fragment‐based ligand discovery (FBLD), to facilitate the broad mapping of the ligandable proteome while also providing starting points for progression into lead chemical probes.
Quantifying investor narratives and their role during COVID‐19
Authors: Borup Daniel , Hansen Jorge Wolfgang , Liengaard Benjamin Dybro , Montes Schütte Erik Christian 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThis paper elicits and quantifies narratives from open‐ended surveys sent daily to US stockholders during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Using textual analysis, we extract 13 narratives and measure their prevalence over time. A validation analysis confirms the behavioral and economic relevance of the retrieved narratives. Moreover, we find that the narratives contain predictive information for future excess stock and bond returns, and this predictability remains when controlling for contemporaneous information stemming from news and social media. Finally, we find evidence that political identity is reflected in the narrative tone.
Identifying and interpreting the factors in factor models via sparsity: Different approaches
Authors: Despois Thomas , Doz Catherine 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThis paper considers different approaches for identifying the factor structure and interpreting the factors without imposing their interpretation via restrictions: sparse PCA and factor rotations. We establish a new consistency result for the factors estimated by sparse PCA. Monte Carlo simulations show that our methods accurately estimate the factor structure, even in small samples. We apply them to large datasets about international business cycles and the US economy. For each empirical application, they identify the same factor structure, offering a clear economic interpretation. These exploratory methods can in particular justify or complement approaches that impose the factor structure a priori.
Students' educational drive and ethnic capital
Authors: Iqbal Karamat , Modood Tariq 
Published: February 2023

AbstractClass has been central to European sociology and especially to sociology of education. Class origins (through one's parents) do indeed largely determine one's educational attainments and through them, with further support from one's class origins, determine one's class destination. And the cycle continues in one's own children. However, class does not affect all ethnic groups in the same manner, given that different groups bring different resources to any given situation, in this case, education, through their ethnic capital. Ethnic capital is the social capital that may be distinctive to a particular ethnic group and so can vary across groups. It can motivate, support and channel the behaviour of members of a group. This article focuses on the ethnic capital of one set of parents and the wider community. It is based on qualitative research undertaken with a small group of British Kashmiris who have been educationally successful. The investigation explored the contribution of their parents and the wider community to their education: how the parents and the wider family communicated their expectations on education and the support and encouragement they provided to the young people. The findings showed that in a socioeconomically disadvantaged context the ethnic capital of the parents and the community can be a driving factor in their children's education.
Southern Multilateralism: India's engagement with Africa and the emergence of a multiplex world order
Authors: Roy Indrajit 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper delineates the characteristics of an emerging Southern multilateralism to argue against pessimistic narratives of anarchy and disorder as well as optimistic narratives that celebrate the resilience of the Liberal International Order (LIO). It does this by staging a conversation between a top‐down International Relations literature that explores the contours of global order and a bottom‐up international development literature that investigates the changing role of the Global South in world politics. By highlighting the continuities and discontinuities of Southern multilateralism with it, the paper illustrates the ways in which Southern Multilateralism both challenges the LIO and supports it. The perspective of Southern Multilateralism suggests that countries in the Global South insist on sharing global responsibility with prevailing institutions of liberal multilateralism, neither seeking to overthrow it nor to be co‐opted within it. A subsidiary argument of the paper is that Southern Multilateralism is not homogenous: To that end, it attends to the richness of Southern Multilateralism by directing attention to variations within it. In line with the theme of the Special Issue, this paper focuses on two cases that involve India's presence on the African continent.
Contested concept, competing narratives, and coercive policy intervention: A study of government intervention in the illegal artisanal mining sector in Ghana
Authors: Adobor Henry 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis research presents the findings of a study on the outcomes of policy intervention for eradicating illegal artisanal mining in Ghana. Using theories of everyday resistance and discourse, the study explored how actor motivations, choices, and behaviour affected the outcome of the government's attempt to eradicate illegal artisanal mining. Driven by the necessity for survival, illegal miners asserted their agency and developed strategies of covert resistance to undermine government intervention. Our data reveal a dynamic interplay between the government's use of discourse to frame illegal mining as a criminal activity and the miners' deployment of “weapons of the weak” and counter‐narratives to mount covert resistance to the government's attempt to stop illegal mining. Using cynicism, evasive action, and survival discourses as well as playing on the government's ambivalence and doubts about its commitment to a long‐drawn‐out fight, the resilience of miners seemed to have paid off in the end as the government failed to achieve its major objective.
Review: Implementing the hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation model when formulating detergents and other surfactant‐related applications
Authors: Phaodee Parichat , Weston Javen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhen designing surfactant formulations using ionic and nonionic surfactants, the hydrophile lipophile balance (HLB) is a generalized surfactant characterization parameter that has shown to be useful when designing surfactant formulations, in the case of both ionic and nonionic surfactants (Davies' and Griffin's methods). Microemulsion phase behavior studies have been extensively used to optimize surfactant formulations, but these studies can cover a very wide phase space and can often encounter troublesome non‐equilibrium issues such as coacervation. Detailed phase behavior studies can be time‐consuming and difficult to apply beyond the specific surfactant‐oil system studied. The hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation (HLD) provides a method to help expedite surfactant formulation research by reducing the number of phase behavior studies required to optimize a given formulation. Detergency experiments have indicated that there is an optimal range of HLD for a given fabric surface. This appears to apply to other applications, as well, for example, surfactant formulations used in enhanced oil recovery have been optimized using the HLD method. These studies found that the HLD can reflect total oil recovery, even if the surfactants were derived from different alcohol feedstocks (e.g., HLD of 0 would describe optimum conditions regardless the type of surfactant). Also with additional parameterization, the HLD method can also be applied to non‐ideal surfactant mixtures, specifically ionic/nonionic blends. Overall, the HLD framework has shown to be an effective screening tool for a wide range of surfactant‐related applications when appropriate experiments, assumptions, and understanding of surfactant and oil interactions are used to generate the HLD parameters.
Effect of mussel polysaccharide on glucolipid metabolism and intestinal flora in type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Wang Rui , Yang Xingwen , Jiang Qihong , Chen Lin , Gu Saiqi , Shen Guoxin , Liu Shulai , Xiang Xingwei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDType 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus is a major metabolic disease, and its incidence and lethality have increased significantly in recent years, making it a serious threat to human health. Among numerous previous studies, polysaccharides have been shown to alleviate the adverse effects of T2D, but there are still problems such as insufficient analysis and poor understanding of the mechanisms by which polysaccharides, especially those of marine origin, regulate T2D.METHODSIn this study, we used multiple allosteric approaches to further investigate the regulatory effects of mussel polysaccharides (MPs) on T2D and gut microbiota disorders in mice by identifying changes in genes, proteins, metabolites and target organs associated with glucolipid metabolism using an animal model of T2D fed with high‐fat diets, and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.RESULTSAfter MP intervention, serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) were up‐regulated, and blood glucose and lipid levels were effectively reduced in T2D mice. Activation of signaling molecules related to the upstream and downstream of the insulin PI3K/Akt signaling pathway reduced hepatic insulin resistance. The relative abundance of short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA)‐producing bacteria (including Akkermansia, Siraeum Eubacterium and Allobaculum) increased and harmful desulfurizing Vibrio decreased. In addition, the levels of SCFAs were increased.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that MP can increase SCFA levels by altering the abundance of intestinal flora, thereby activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and exerting hypoglycemic effects. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effectiveness and tolerability of calcipotriol/betamethasone aerosol foam in patients with psoriasis vulgaris in real‐life setting: A prospective, noninterventional, multicenter observational study in Austria
Authors: Zenahlik Paulus , Auer‐Grumbach Piet , Hantich‐Hladik Brigitte , Koeck Maximilian , Kriz Martin , Gassner Marlene , Schwarz Ursula , Ratzinger Gudrun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundFor the topical treatment of plaque psoriasis, vitamin D analogues and corticosteroids are used as a fixed combination, which is available in different galenic preparations.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and tolerability of calcipotriol/betamethasone (Cal/BD) cutaneous foam in a real‐world setting.MethodsOverall, 107 adult patients with at least mild plaque psoriasis as measured by the Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) were included and treated for 4 weeks. Affected body surface area (BSA), plaque locations, and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) were documented at baseline, after 4 weeks and at the end of the study. Pruritus, overall patient satisfaction, tolerability and convenience of use, as well as quality of life (DLQI) were also evaluated.ResultsIn total, 96% of the patients suffered from mild to moderate psoriasis vulgaris. Of all patients included, 76% had previously received topical therapy. Under treatment with Cal/BD aerosol foam, the mean IGA score was reduced from 2.49 to 1.28 points (p < 0.001). The mean PASI score was reduced from 7.01 to 3.58 (p < 0.001). BSA was improved from 9.92% to 4.19% (p < 0.001) and the DLQI from 7.81 to 2.43 points (p < 0.001). Over 88% (84/95 patients) were very satisfied or satisfied with Cal/BD aerosol foam. The treatment was described as soothing (63/89), cooling (70/89), and itch relieving (53/84). Lack of efficacy was documented as an adverse event (AE) in four of 107 patients. No other AEs were observed.ConclusionsThe treatment of psoriasis vulgaris with Cal/BD aerosol foam was demonstrated to be effective, well tolerated and associated with high patient satisfaction.
A new general decay for a transmission problem of viscoelastic Timoshenko systems
Authors: Liu Zhiqing , Fang Zhong Bo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the long‐time behavior for a transmission problem of viscoelastic Timoshenko systems with different speeds of wave propagation. By constructing a new Lyapunov functional and combining the technique of perturbation energy with some precise estimates for multipliers, we establish a general uniform decay estimates for the energy.
DNTT activation, TdT‐aided gene length mutation, and better prognosis in ATG‐based regimen allo‐HSCT in AML
Authors: Zhou Xiaosu , Nie Daijing , Zhang Yang , Liu Zhixiu , Zhao Yanli , Zhang Jianping , Wang Fang , Fang Jiancheng , Cao Panxiang , Chen Xue , Ma Xiaoli , Yuan Lili , Chen Jiaqi , Tan Yincheng , Chen Qihui , Liu Ming , Liu Mingyue , Liu Yijun , Wu Qisheng , Lu Peihua , Liu Hongxing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between anomalous DNA nucleotidylexotransferase (DNTT) activation and the mutagenesis of gene length mutations (LMs) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and the relevance of their prognosis in antithymocyte globulin (ATG)‐based regimen allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). A cohort of 578 AML cases was enrolled. Next‐generation sequencing was performed to screen mutations of 86 leukemia driver genes. RNA‐seq was used to analyze gene expression. Prognostic analysis was investigated in 239 AML cases who underwent ATG‐based regimen allo‐HSCT. We report a refined subtyping algorithm of LMs (type I–IV) based on sequence anatomy considering the TdT‐aided mutagenesis mechanism. GC content adjacent to LM junctions, inserted nontemplate nucleotide bases, and DNTT expression analysis supported the DNTT activation and TdT‐aided mutagenesis in type II/III LMs in the total AML cohort. Both single‐variate and multivariate analyses showed a better overall survival of FLT3 type III compared to type I in a subset of ATG‐based regimen allo‐HSCT cases. The novel LM subtyping algorithm not only deciphers the etiology of the mutagenesis of LMs but also helps to fine‐tune prognosis differentiation in AML. The possible prognostic versatility of this novel LM subtyping algorithm in terms of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and allo‐HSCT merits further investigation.
Pharmacological Interventions for Sialorrhoea in People with Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Naeem Fariha , Reid James , Bailey Matthew , Reid Amanda , Smyth Clare , Taylor‐Rowan Martin , Newman Edward J. , Quinn Terry 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground/objectivesSialorrhoea is a common non motor complication experienced by people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite its prevalence there is conflicting evidence on how to effectively treat it. Our aim was to establish the efficacy and safety outcomes of pharmacological interventions used to treat sialorrhoea in people with idiopathic PD.MethodsWe registered and conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42016042470). We searched seven electronic databases from inception until July 2022. Quantitative synthesis was performed where data allowed using random effects models.ResultsFrom 1374 records we included 13 studies (n = 405 participants). Studies were conducted in Europe, North America and China. There was marked heterogeneity in the interventions used, follow up times and outcome measures investigated. The main source of risk of bias identified was reporting bias. Five studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. Summary estimates showed administration of botulinum toxin significantly reduced saliva production, improved patient reported functional outcomes and was associated with an increase in adverse events.ConclusionSialorrhoea in PD is an important condition, but current data does not allow for strong recommendations on optimal pharmacological treatments. There is significant heterogeneity in outcomes measures used to evaluate the burden of sialorrhoea with lack of consensus on what constitutes clinically meaningful change. More research is required to better understand the underlying mechanism and potential treatments of sialorrhoea in idiopathic PD.
A multiband quasi‐Yagi antenna using stepped driver and slotted ground for 2.4/3.5/5.2 GHz bands applications
Authors: Turan Goksel , Odabasi Hayrettin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA multiband quasi‐Yagi antenna using a stepped driver and slotted ground for the applications of 2.4/3.5/5.2 GHz bands is presented. The ground plane modifications match impedance and help form the resonances, while the stepped driver parameters allow independent control of resonance frequencies. The antenna shows multiband characteristics and has achieved  dB in three different frequency bands of 2.15–2.65, 3.4–4, and 5–5.3 GHz. Furthermore, the antenna shows a stable gain of around 3.9–4.9 dBi and retains its general radiation characteristics for all frequency bands. The simulation and measurement results agree well with each other. The proposed antenna is suitable for applications requiring general quasi‐Yagi antenna characteristics for wireless communications applications for WLAN, WiMAX, ISM, and Bluetooth frequency bands.
The cross‐cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of a learned helplessness scale for maintenance hemodialysis patients in China (LHS‐MHD‐C)
Authors: Xie Chunyan , Zhou Lin , Sun Cuifang , Zhang Yini , Li Yamin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLearned helplessness (LH) is an important concept in nursing. This study aimed to adapt and translate the Arthritis Helplessness Index scale into a Chinese version of an LH scale for maintenance hemodialysis patients in China (LHS‐MHD‐C), and to validate its psychometric properties. Data collected included LHS‐MHD‐C, as well as the Hospital Depression Scale (HADS‐D), and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) for assessing LHS‐MHD‐C's criterion validity (predictive and concurrent, respectively). The expert consultation and the pilot study demonstrated semantic and conceptual equivalence and content validity (except for Item 3, the item content validity ranged from 0.82 to 1, and the scale content validity was 0.95). An exploratory factor analysis (n = 146) eliminated three items and accepted 11 items for the two factors, explaining 63.87% of the total variance. A CFA (n = 218) showed that the two‐factors structure was consistent with the LH theory. The LHS‐MHD‐C can distinguish between maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients of different ages, education, working status, monthly income, and MHD duration. The scale had good concurrent validity with the BHS (r = .78,p < 0.01). Using the HADS‐D as a criterion, the LHS‐MHD‐C showed a sensitivity of 86.2% and a specificity of 96.8%. A total score of 36.5 may be the best cut‐off value for predicting MHD patients' depression. The scale showed good reliabilities (Cronbach'sαvalue of .759, test–retest reliability of 0.772, and split‐half reliability of 0.774). This study found that the LHS‐MHD‐C is a reliable and valid scale for assessing Chinese MHD patients' helplessness.
Oncofetal protein glypican‐3 is a biomarker and critical regulator of function for neuroendocrine cells in prostate cancer
Authors: Butler William , Xu Lingfan , Zhou Yinglu , Cheng Qing , Hauck J. Spencer , He Yiping , Marek Robert , Hartman Zachary , Cheng Liang , Yang Qing , Wang Mu‐En , Chen Ming , Zhang Hong , Armstrong Andrew J , Huang Jiaoti 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNeuroendocrine (NE) cells comprise ~1% of epithelial cells in benign prostate and prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa). However, they become enriched in hormonally treated and castration‐resistant PCa (CRPC). In addition, close to 20% of hormonally treated tumors recur as small cell NE carcinoma (SCNC), composed entirely of NE cells, which may be the result of clonal expansion or lineage plasticity. Since NE cells do not express androgen receptors (ARs), they are resistant to hormonal therapy and contribute to therapy failure. Here, we describe the identification of glypican‐3 (GPC3) as an oncofetal cell surface protein specific to NE cells in prostate cancer. Functional studies revealed that GPC3 is critical to the viability of NE tumor cells and tumors displaying NE differentiation and that it regulates calcium homeostasis and signaling. Since our results demonstrate that GPC3 is specifically expressed by NE cells, patients with confirmed SCNC may qualify for GPC3‐targeted therapy which has been developed in the context of liver cancer and displays minimal toxicity due to its tumor‐specific expression. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
High‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in pediatric patients with relapsed osteosarcoma
Authors: Kang Sung Han , Kim Wanlim , Lee Jong Seok , Suh Jin Kyung , Kim Hyery , Kim Dong Kwan , Choi Se Hoon , Cho Hee Won , Ju Hee Young , Yoo Keon Hee , Sung Ki Woong , Koo Hong Hoe , Seo Sung Wook , Im Ho Joon , Lee Ji Won , Koh Kyung‐Nam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with relapsed osteosarcoma have poor treatment outcomes. High‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (HDCT/ASCT) has been used in several high‐risk malignant solid tumors; however, few studies have evaluated their role in treating osteosarcoma. We evaluated the effectiveness of HDCT/ASCT in relapsed pediatric osteosarcoma cases.ProcedureWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 40 patients diagnosed with and treated for relapsed osteosarcoma at Asan Medical Center and Samsung Medical Center from January 1996 to July 2019.ResultsThe median age of this cohort was 13.4 years (range: 6.1–18.2). The cohort's 5‐year overall survival (OS) was 51.0% ± 0.1% during a median follow‐up period of 67.5 months. Twenty‐five patients (62.5%) achieved complete remission (CR) with salvage treatment, and the 5‐year OS was 82.4% ± 0.1%, whereas none of the remaining 15 patients who did not achieve CR survived (p < .0001). Of the 25 CR cases, 15 underwent subsequent HDCT/ASCT. We compared the effect of HDCT/ASCT among patients who achieved CR. There were no significant differences in the 5‐year OS outcomes between patients who did and did not receive HDCT/ASCT (83.9% ± 0.1%, 13/15 vs. 80.0% ± 0.1%, 8/10, respectively; p = .923).ConclusionTo our knowledge, we report the first comparative cohort study that proved HDCT/ASCT does not significantly improve survival outcomes in relapsed osteosarcoma. Achievement of CR remains the most crucial factor for good survival outcomes.