bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Securities and Exchange Commission Comment Letter Disclosures and Short Sellers’ Front Running
Authors: Lee Sam , Ling Zhejia , Rezaee Zabihollah 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Prior studies show that comment letters released by the Securities and Exchange Commission provide information on firms’ financial reporting quality and can have adverse value implications about the firms. We examine whether short sellers front-run comment letter disclosures and take short positions based on the economic implications of the letters. We find that short interest increases before comment letter disclosures and that the increase is positively associated with the severity of the letters. We also find evidence suggesting that short sellers obtain private information through social connections with corporate insiders. Finally, we document a negative but delayed market reaction to the disclosure of severe comment letters. These results suggest that front running the comment letter disclosure is not the optimal trading strategy for short sellers. Short sellers can gain similar profits, and bear less risk, if they put off increasing their short positions until after the disclosure.
JEL Classifications: G32; M40.
A Randomized Crossover Trial to Compare Automated Insulin Delivery (the Artificial Pancreas) With Carbohydrate Counting or Simplified Qualitative Meal-Size Estimation in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Haidar Ahmad , Legault Laurent , Raffray Marie , Gouchie-Provencher Nikita , Jafar Adnan , Devaux Marie , Ghanbari Milad , Rabasa-Lhoret Rémi 
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE
Qualitative meal-size estimation has been proposed instead of quantitative carbohydrate (CHO) counting with automated insulin delivery. We aimed to assess the noninferiority of qualitative meal-size estimation strategy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a two-center, randomized, crossover, noninferiority trial to compare 3 weeks of automated insulin delivery with 1) CHO counting and 2) qualitative meal-size estimation in adults with type 1 diabetes. Qualitative meal-size estimation categories were low, medium, high, or very high CHO and were defined as &lt;30 g, 30–60 g, 60–90 g, and &gt;90 g CHO, respectively. Prandial insulin boluses were calculated as the individualized insulin to CHO ratios multiplied by 15, 35, 65, and 95, respectively. Closed-loop algorithms were otherwise identical in the two arms. The primary outcome was time in range 3.9–10.0 mmol/L, with a predefined noninferiority margin of 4%.

RESULTS
A total of 30 participants completed the study (n = 20 women; age 44 (SD 17) years; A1C 7.4% [0.7%]). The mean time in the 3.9–10.0 mmol/L range was 74.1% (10.0%) with CHO counting and 70.5% (11.2%) with qualitative meal-size estimation; mean difference was −3.6% (8.3%; noninferiority P = 0.78). Frequencies of times at &lt;3.9 mmol/L and &lt;3.0 mmol/L were low (&lt;1.6% and &lt;0.2%) in both arms. Automated basal insulin delivery was higher in the qualitative meal-size estimation arm (34.6 vs. 32.6 units/day; P = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS
Though the qualitative meal-size estimation method achieved a high time in range and low time in hypoglycemia, noninferiority was not confirmed.
Perkembangan Perusahaan Bus PT. Transport Express Jaya Lubuk Alung (1975-2020)
Authors: Dary Muhammad , Asri Zul 
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang PT.Transport Express Jaya merupakan salah satu perusahaan otobus yang cukup besar di Sumatera Barat. Perusahaan Bus ini telah berdiri sejak tahun 1975 dan telah berkembang sampai saat ini. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perkembangan perusahaan otobus PT. Transport Express Jaya dari tahun 1975 sampai tahun 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian Sejarah dengan langkah-langkah; heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi data dan historiografi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam perkembangan PT. Transport Express Jaya mengalami dua fase yaitu fase awal berdiri (1975-1986) dan fase berkembang (1986-2020). Pada tahun 1975 H. Nazar Dt. Maharajo Basa membuka perusahaan sendiri yang diberi nama PO.Transport Express. Dalam perkembangannya tahun 1986 PO.Transport Express membuka trayek baru Antar Kota Antar Provinsi (AKAP) ke pulau Jawa. Tahun 2005 karena harga tiket pesawat murah maka terjadi persaingan antara maskapai penerbangan dengan perusahaan bus. Tahun 2005 PO.Tansport Express membentuk anak perusahaan CV.Tranex Mandiri trayek Antar Kota Dalam Provinsi (AKDP). Tahun 2016 PO.Tansport Express berubah status berbadan hukum menjadi PT.Transport Express Jaya.
Pengembangan E-LKPD Untuk Melatih Historical Empathy Peserta Didik SMA
Authors: Ozila Amalini Lutfia , Aisiah Aisiah 
Published: May 2023

Dalam pembelajaran sejarah, penting peserta didik untuk memahami mengapa dan bagaimana orang di masa lalu membuat keputusan beberapa keadaan dengan cara mereka lakukan. Guru sejarah perlu melatih historical empathy peserta didik. Salah satu cara dengan menggunakan media dalam bentuk LKPD berbentuk elektronik agar kegiatan pembelajaran lebih menarik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk mengetahui langkah-langkah pengembangan E-LKPD untuk melatih historical empathy peserta didik; (2) untuk menguji kelayakan dan kepraktisan E-LKPD untuk historical empathy peserta didik. Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian pengembangan atau R&D. Model pengembangan dalam penelitian ini adalah model ADDIE. Uji kelayakan produk melibatkan ahli materi sejarah Indonesia dan ahli LKPD. Uji praktikalitas produk melibatkan dua orang guru dan 34 orang peserta didik kelas. Hasil uji kelayakan dari ahli materi sejarah Indonesia adalah 3.8 dengan kategori sangat layak dan dari ahli LKPD adalah 3.7 kategori sangat layak. Hasil uji praktikalitas E-LKPD oleh guru adalah 3.6 kategori sangat praktis dan peserta didik 3.5 kategori sangat praktis. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa E-LKPD untuk melatih historical empathy peserta didik layak dan praktis digunakan.
Pasang Surut Pondok Pesantren Dr. Muhammad Natsir Tahun 1994-2020
Authors: Magrisya Yola , Fatimah Siti 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This research is a historical study of education which discusses the ups and downs of Dr. Muhammad Natsir 1994-2020. The purpose of this research is to describe how the ups and downs of Dr. Muhammad Natsir in Batu Bagiriak Jorong Galagah Nagari Alahan Panjang, Lembah Gumanti District, Solok Regency 1994-2020. This study uses the historical method with the following steps: Heuristics, or data collection after the data is obtained, then the source criticism process uses external criticism and internal criticism and data interpretation. The final stage is writing history or historiography so that this research can be completed. The results of this study indicate that in its development Dr. Muhammad Natsir experienced ups and downs. Dr. Muhammad Natsir was founded on 17 July 1994, who is now 26 years old in his journey that began in 1994 Pondok Pesantren Dr. Muhammad Natsir experienced up and down in 2004 the boarding school experienced a decrease in the number of students due to policies issued by the government. In maintaining its existence in the future Dr. Muhammad Natsir has a purpose as well as a vision and mission. This is used so that the operation of the boarding school moves on the track that has been mandated by the leadership of the boarding school so that the hopes and ideals of the boarding school in the future can be achieved.
Keywords: Educational Institutions, Dr. Muhammad Natsir Islamic Boarding School
Abstrak
Penelitian ini Merupakan Kajian Sejarah pendidikan yang membahas tentang Pasang Surut Pondok Pesantren Dr. Muhammad Natsir Tahun 1994-2020. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana Pasang Surut Pondok Pesantren Dr. Muhammad Natsir Di Batu Bagiriak Jorong Galagah Nagari Alahan Panjang Kecamatan Lembah Gumanti Kabupaten Solok Tahun 1994-2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah dengan langkah-langkah: Heuristik, atau pengumpulan data setelah data di dapatkan kemudian proses kritik sumber menggunakan kritik eksternal dan krtik internal dan interpretasi data, tahap akhir adalah penulisan sejarah atau historiografi sehingga penelitian ini dapat diselesaikan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam perkembangannya Pondok Pesantren Dr. Muhammad Natsir mengalami Pasang Surut. Pondok Pesantren Dr. Muhammad Natsir berdiri pada tanggal 17 Juli 1994 yang sekarang berusia 26 tahun dalam perjalananya yang dimulai dari tahun 1994 Pondok Pesantren Dr. Muhammad Natsir mengalami up and down pada tahun 2004 pondok pesantren mengalami penurunan jumlah murid karena kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah, Dalam mempertahankan eksistensinya di masa mendatang pondok pesantren Dr. Muhammad Natsir memiliki tujuan serta visi dan misi. Hal ini digunakan agar dalam operasioanalnya pondok pesantren bergerak pada track yang telah diamanatkan oleh pimpinan pondok pesantren sehingga harapan dan cita-cita pondok pesantren dimasa depan dapat tercapai.
Kata Kunci: Lembaga Pendidikan, Pondok Pesantren Dr. Muhammad Natsir
Perkembangan Industri Gelamai Utama Kota Payakumbuh Tahun 1994-2020
Authors: Maryadi Afdhal , Asri Zul , Asri Zul 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

This study aims to see the development of the traditional gelamai food business (typical of the Darek or Payakumbuh region) from its inception to the decline in production in 2020. The method used in this research is a historical research method which is divided into four steps, namely heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The result of this research is that the Gelamai Utama Industry has developed betterly in terms of capital and marketing. Gelamai Utama is able to become one of the largest production plants in the city of Payakumbuh, even in the province of West Sumatra.
Keywords: Gelamai, Industry, and Development

Abstrak

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan yaitu untuk melihat perkembangan usaha makanan tradisional gelamai (makanan khas daerah Darek atau Payakumbuh) dari awal berdiri sampai penurunan produksi pada tahun 2020. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode penelitian sejarah yang terbagi dalam empat langkah, yaitu heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa Industri Gelamai Utama mengalami perkembangan yang cukup baik terutama dari segi modal dan pemasaran. Gelamai Utama mampu menjadi salah satu pabrik produksi gelamai terbesar yang ada di kota Payakumbuh, bahkan wilayah provinsi Sumatera Barat.
Kata Kunci : Gelamai, Industri, dan Perkembangan
Pengembangan Media Question Card Pada Materi Sejarah Kesultanan Aceh Darussalam Untuk Siswa Kelas X IPS SMA NEGERI 13 Padang
Authors: Tistiarni Tistiarni , Hastuti Hera 
Published: May 2023

The background of this research is the low level of students' causality thinking ability. Students do not understand how a historical event occurs and what the consequences are. This is based on the findings and observations of researchers when carrying out educational field practice at SMAN 13 Padang in the January-June 2020 semester, these findings state that the ability of students to analyze cause and effect is only in a small proportion of students, namely students who have the ability high, while others have not. Students only rely on information from the teacher, they are lazy to read history books. To train and foster students' causality thinking skills, a media that can help is needed, namely the question card media. Media Question Card is a learning media in the form of paper cards containing questions with pictures about the material to be taught. The research method is R&D or Research and Development, the purpose of R&D is to produce products in the form of historical learning media. The results showed that the question card media proved feasible to be applied in high school with data validation tests from causality analysis experts and media experts of 3.5 and 3 validation tests from teachers of 3.5 based on the results of the validation test, it can be concluded that the question card media is feasible. used in history learning.
Keywords: Question Card Media, Historical Learning, Causality Thinking
An investigation of the factors associated with consumer behaviour at arrival, check-in and the check-out process: A case study Marriott International Inc. in the UK
Authors:   University of Bolton, UK, Fagyas Csaba , Datta Palto ,   University of Bolton, UK
Published: May 2023

Purpose – This research study aims to examine different influential elements that affect consumer behaviour starting from their arrival at check-in and throughout the check-out process in the context of Marriott International Inc., using case study observation and interview methods within a qualitative and quantitative paradigm. It endeavours to identify how certain positive influential factors can contribute to ultimate vacation experiences and therefore provide a competitive advantage to Marriott International Inc. Design/methodology/approach – This report is grounded on primary research. The empirical framework is based on literatures on potentially influential factors at hotel check-in and check-out that affect consumer behaviour. The research design involved the use of systematic and rigorous methods, including observation, interviewing and data analysis, to test hypotheses and validate research findings. Primary data was collected with the combination of observation of consumers and interviews with management. It aims to establish a reliable and valid relationship between theoretical concepts such as first impressions and observable phenomena in the real world, which can help to inform practice and improve our understanding of consumer behaviour.	Findings – The study found that there are five factors that can greatly influence consumer behaviour, including first impression, smile, staff, service, and waiting time. These factors were categorised into positive, negative, dependent, and bipolar categories, and were shown to have a significant impact on both consumer behaviour and business operations. Practical implications – The study finds certain behavioural elements impact on the effectiveness of provided service while specific influential factors improve the overall experience. Hence the organisation with the consideration of positive service components can provide exceptional service which enhances consumer loyalty. Originality/value– This paper represents the first academic research undertaken at Marriott International Inc. to investigate various influential factors that affect consumer behaviour and their implication for its success.
Diversity and Ant Community Composition in Some Algerian Islands
Authors: Aissat Lyes 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The present paper seeks to study the diversity and ant community composition of some Algerian islands. This study is considered as the first exhaustive survey of ant species of Algerian islands since 1957. The survey was carried out in the spring and summer seasons between April and July of two years 2014 and 2015. Vegetation richness, island area, mainland distance, and elevation variables were measured for each island. Relative abundance (RA), frequency of occurrence (FO), as well as species richness (S), Shannon’s diversity index (H), and equitability (E) for each island were used to compare the diversity pattern among islands. Patterns of species composition and community structure were compared among the sampling islands through ordination analysis (nonmetric multidimensional scaling [NMDS]). SIMPER analysis using a Bray–Curtis similarity index matrix was performed to determine the contribution of each ant species to the dissimilarities among islands. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was performed to highlight the impact of environmental variables on the ant community. All analyses were computed by using PAST software. Two sampling methods (pitfall trap and hand collecting) were used, which led to the identification of 1039 individuals belonging to 16 species. Diversity indexes were different among islands. Ant community was significantly different between islands of the two regions Bejaia and Jijel. Three species contributed to 50.74% of the differences between islands of the two regions. Part of the ant community composition was influenced directly or indirectly by three environmental variables: vegetation richness, island area, and mainland distance. It is important to point out the absence of two invasive ants, Linepithema humile and Paratrechina longicornis, in our islands.
Impact of Climate Change on Ruderal Communities in the Conditions of Ukraine
Authors: Didukh Yakiv , Pashkevych Nataliia , Kucher Oksana , Chusova Olga 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We elucidated the reaction of ruderal vegetation community to environmental changes. It made it possible to assess the level and nature of the synanthropic vegetation dynamics, fluctuation processes, and also to indicate the scenarios of evolution of ruderal communities throughout the environmental changes, in particular, climate changes. In this study, we used the original methods: synphytoindications and estimation of the climate change impact and the species reaction according to their ecological strategy. Dataset included 1200 phytosociological relevés of different synanthropic habitat types (borders of fields, ruderal areas, and railway tracks). As a result of vegetation analysis, we obtained 16 alliances of ruderal vegetation belonging to the six classes and two natural vegetation derivatives of the Sedo-Scleranthetea Br.-Bl. 1955 and Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. & Tx. 1943. Evaluation of ecological indicator value changes in relation to 1, 2 and 3 °C increase in average annual temperatures allowed to determine how significant is the threat to the existence of ruderal communities. It is particularly noticeable in the thermal regime, and some changes in edaphic properties of soil, especially acidity (pH). Under the conditions of climate changes and ecological indicator value changes, such communities could be easily restored both in the appropriate conditions of the region and outside it, that is, shifting their range. But thanks to this strategy, the emergence of new species and, as a result of this, the formation of completely new vegetation types is possible.
Human–Nature Relationships in Defining Biocultural Landscapes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Baránková Zuzana , Špulerová Jana 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The growing interest of researchers in the topic of biocultural diversity has resulted in the research field expanding from its initial focus on places inhabited by indigenous communities to rural and then to urban landscapes. The aims of this study are to summarize and review the current state of knowledge on biocultural landscape (BCL), present a spectrum of human activities leading to their formation, and based on that, focus on typology of these landscapes. Moreover, the connections between cultural ecosystem services (CES) and BCLs were examined, and the research on these unique landscapes in individual countries and the proportion of studied landscape types were graphically displayed. BCLs are threatened all over the world; therefore, there is a need to identify and recognize them, and provide them with effective legislative protection.
Priority Criteria for the Provision of Medical Assistance Versus Protection of Human Dignity
Authors: Doroszewska-Chyrowicz Katarzyna 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The article deals with the potential infringement of human dignity through the choice of priority criteria for the provision of medical assistance in an emergency situation, when the treatment can only be provided for one person. The lack of sufficient equipment during the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic is a key example, but examples of acute shortage of medical personnel and various types of equipment are also analysed. The assumption made in the article is that selection guidelines need to be established for medical personnel.
The text presents the concept of violation of human dignity and the issue of inability to provide assistance to an adequate number of patients. Then, with the use of the dogmatic-legal method, the proposed patient selection criteria such as age, social position, physical condition, and occurrence of comorbidities are analysed.
As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that, due to the protection of human dignity, it is unacceptable to take away the assistance already provided for a patient (disconnection from the apparatus) in order to save the health of another patient. The criterion of assessing the patient’s health condition is unquestionable, whereas the choice of other decisive factors, such as a person’s social standing, may lead to unjustified discrimination and inequality.
Divorce Versus the Best Interest of the Child as a Subject of Examination Conducted in Ozss: A Legal and Psychological Perspective
Authors: Żukowski Lech J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The article is a review of the issues concerning the concept of “the best interest of the child” as a negative condition for granting a divorce in the light of a diagnosis made in the Opiniodawcze Zespoły Specjalistów Sądowych (OZSS) on family courts’ request. It presents legal and psychological views on the best interest of the child in the context of a divorce treated as a crisis in the family. Comments are also presented on the scope of examination conducted by the OZSS experts on the impact of a divorce on the best interest of the child and selected problems related to their specificity. Based on the selected literature on the subject matter, case law and the work practice of the OZSS experts in the field of psychology, subjective views on the methodology of examining the impact of a divorce on the best interests of children are also presented. The main thesis of the article is the opinion that commissioning the OZSS experts by family courts to examine negative conditions for granting a divorce is controversial.
Early Diagnosis of Dementia Patients by SPADE Activity Prediction Algorithm
Authors: Minhad Khairun Nisa’ , Farayez Araf , Reaz Mamun Bin Ibne , Bhuiyan Mohammad Arif Sobhan , Samdin Siti Balqis , Miraz Mahdi H. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Dementia is not a specific disease, but a general term for age-related decline or loss of memory, cognitive abilities including problem solving and decision-making, and one’s own language, which significantly interfere with daily life. Researchers around the world have developed ways to automate the diagnosis of dementia through the use of machine learning and data mining approaches. The aim of this research project is to design and develop a day-to-day activity prediction algorithm in order to accurately identify and differentiate the dementia affected patients from the healthy subjects, to ensure early diagnosis of dementia development. This research advocates a novel algorithm called ‘Sequence Prediction via All Discoverable Episodes (SPADE)’ as a statistical tool to map activities of daily life (ADLs) in different groups of people in order to develop a unique parameter for precise diagnosis. The results of our experiment demonstrated a significant difference (i.e. 11 %) in the sequence prediction peak accuracy between the healthy subjects and the residents with dementia. SPADE demonstrated an adequate accuracy (i.e. 80 % on average), with an improvement of about 12 % compared to the performance of M-SPEED in inferring future occurrences of activities. It is thus evident that the algorithms for activity predictions show promise for early detection of dementia symptoms without the use of any expensive clinical procedure.