bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WAAM of structural components—building strategies for varying wall thicknesses
Authors: Müller Johanna , Hensel Jonas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing with steel opens up new manufacturing possibilities for individual parts or complex supply chains. The direct energy deposition process DED-arc, also known as wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), is particularly suited for manufacturing large structures with a high degree of geometrical freedom. The design freedom makes WAAM ideal for creating force-flow-optimized steel nodes and spaceframes for use in the construction industry. Thick-walled parts can be manufactured with manifold strategies and a variety of infill patterns, like hachure, spiral, or meander as well as with and without a contour path. For parts with varying thicknesses, not all of them apply. If the wall thickness changes in increments smaller than the width of a weld bead, the desired shape cannot be made by selecting one of the available deposition strategies but the distance (overlap) between the individual weld beads needs to be varied. A variation of the weld bead overlap can often lead to compromised build quality due to the presence of voids. Thus, utilizing variable bead overlap requires the development of a deposition parameter set that allows deviation from the defined overlap values without running the risk of introducing voids between beads or between layers. In this study, four parameter sets were analyzed regarding their weld bead geometry, and tolerance ranges for the weld bead overlap were identified for each parameter set. They were found to vary between 15 and 50% overlap, depending on the parameter set and its corresponding weld bead geometry. The geometry of the surface of the last deposited layer was evaluated regarding the height difference. It can be stated that, with decreasing wire feed, the surface of the last welded layer becomes smoother. The findings obtained are transferred to the manufacturing of complex parts. As a result, parts with variable wall thickness in building direction were manufactured by variation of weld bead distances.
Towards understanding the surface rippling process by periodic reciprocal nanoscratching
Authors: Li Zihan , Yan Yongda , Wang Jiqiang , Li Chen , Geng Yanquan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe bundle structure formed perpendicular to the scratching direction is a type of wear-induced structure for thermoplastics. In this study, the formation mechanism of bundle structures on polycarbonate (PC) surfaces is investigated by reciprocal scratching experiments. Based on the analysis of the morphologies, friction forces, and height signals, the formation of the bundle structure is reproduced. The influence of scratching parameters, including the feed value and scratching direction, on the formation of the bundle structure is also studied. It is found that the bundle structure is accumulated by the continuous stacking of the sample materials plowed by the tip in stick—slip motion, and that the stick—slip behavior is enhanced with increased scratching times. This work reproduces the formation process of bundle structure in experiments for the first time and demonstrates that the stick—slip enhancement mechanism exists in the reciprocal scratching process, providing further insight into the friction behavior of polymers.
Tyrosinkinaseinhibitoren bei Patienten mit radiojodrefraktärem differenziertem Schilddrüsenkarzinom
Authors: Rendl Gundula , Schweighofer-Zwink Gregor , Pirich Christian 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungMehr als 90 % aller differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinome lassen sich mit einem multimodalen Therapiekonzept kurativ behandeln, sodass die Prognose hinsichtlich Rezidivfreiheit und Langzeitüberleben ausgezeichnet ist. Das Behandlungskonzept für Patienten mit radiojodrefraktären (und meist FDG-PET/CT-positiven) Rezidiven und/oder Metastasen ist im interdisziplinären Tumorboard festzulegen. Der fehlende szintigraphische Nachweis einer Radiojodaufnahme in einzelne oder alle lokoregionäre Tumormanifestationen oder Fernmetastasen begründet noch nicht die Initiierung einer systemischen Behandlung bei metastasierten Schilddrüsenkarzinomen. Erst der Nachweis eines klinischen Progresses (Größenzunahme der Metastasen, Befall weiterer Kompartments oder Organe) von radiojodrefraktären Tumormanifestationen und die Symptomatik des Patienten bilden eine Grundlage für die Einleitung einer Therapie mit Tyrosinkinaseinhibitoren (TKI). Weitere zu berücksichtigende Faktoren sind die Lokalisation der Metastasen, der Tumormetabolismus in der FDG-PET/CT, das biologisches Patientenalter, Komorbiditäten und die Einsatzmöglichkeit lokal wirksamer Therapieverfahren. Bei klinisch relevanter Progredienz des radiojodrefraktären Schilddrüsenkarzinoms sollte eine Erstlinientherapie mit TKI angeboten werden. Insbesondere Lenvatinib und Cabozantinib weisen eine hohe Wirksamkeit in Bezug auf die Tumorkontrolle bei häufigem, obgleich gut steuerbarem Toxizitätsprofil auf. Die frühzeitige molekulargenetische Tumorprofilierung kann den Einsatz selektiver Inhibitoren von BRAF, MEK, RET oder TRK in dieser Patientengruppe begründen.
Diuretics, SGLT2 inhibitors and falls in older heart failure patients: to prescribe or to deprescribe? A clinical review
Authors: van Poelgeest Eveline P. , Handoko M. Louis , Muller Majon , van der Velde Nathalie ,   On behalf of the EUGMS Task & Finish group on Fall-risk-increasing drugs
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Both heart failure and its treatment with diuretics or SGLT2 inhibitors increase fall risk in older adults. Therefore, decisions to continue or deprescribe diuretics or SGLT2 inhibitors in older heart failure patients who have fallen are generally highly complex and challenging for clinicians. However, a comprehensive overview of information required for rationale and safe decision-making is lacking. The aim of this clinical review was to assist clinicians in safe (de)prescribing of these drug classes in older heart failure patients.

Methods
We comprehensively searched and summarized published literature and international guidelines on the efficacy, fall-related safety issues, and deprescribing of the commonly prescribed diuretics and SGLT2 inhibitors in older adults.

Results
Both diuretics and SGLT2 inhibitors potentially cause various fall-related adverse effects. Their fall-related side effect profiles partly overlap (e.g., tendency to cause hypotension), but there are also important differences; based on the currently available evidence of this relatively new drug class, SGLT2 inhibitors seem to have a favorable fall-related adverse effect profile compared to diuretics (e.g., low/absent tendency to cause hyperglycemia or electrolyte abnormalities, low risk of worsening chronic kidney disease). In addition, SGLT2 inhibitors have potential beneficial effects (e.g., disease-modifying effects in heart failure, renoprotective effects), whereas diuretic effects are merely symptomatic.

Conclusion
(De)prescribing diuretics and SGLT2 inhibitors in older heart failure patients who have fallen is often highly challenging, but this clinical review paper assists clinicians in individualized and patient-centered rational clinical decision-making: we provide a summary of available literature on efficacy and (subclass-specific) safety profiles of diuretics and SGLT2 inhibitors, and practical guidance on safe (de)prescribing of these drugs (e.g. a clinical decision tree for deprescribing diuretics in older adults who have fallen).
On the ergodicity of geodesic flows on surfaces without focal points
Authors: WU WEISHENG , LIU FEI , WANG FANG 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study the ergodicity of the geodesic flows on surfaces with no focal points. Let M be a smooth connected and closed surface equipped with a
$C^{\infty }$
Riemannian metric g, whose genus
$\mathfrak {g} \geq 2$
. Suppose that
$(M,g)$
has no focal points. We prove that the geodesic flow on the unit tangent bundle of M is ergodic with respect to the Liouville measure, under the assumption that the set of points on M with negative curvature has at most finitely many connected components.
Model-based reconstruction of whole organ growth dynamics reveals invariant patterns in leaf morphogenesis
Authors: Oughou Mohamed , Biot Eric , Arnaud Nicolas , Maugarny-Calès Aude , Laufs Patrick , Andrey Philippe , Burguet Jasmine 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Plant organ morphogenesis spans several orders of magnitude in time and space. Because of limitations in live-imaging, analysing whole organ growth from initiation to mature stages typically rely on static data sampled from different timepoints and individuals. We introduce a new model-based strategy for dating organs and for reconstructing morphogenetic trajectories over unlimited time windows based on static data. Using this approach, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana leaves are initiated at regular 1-day intervals. Despite contrasted adult morphologies, leaves of different ranks exhibited shared growth dynamics, with linear gradations of growth parameters according to leaf rank. At the sub-organ scale, successive serrations from same or different leaves also followed shared growth dynamics, suggesting that global and local leaf growth patterns are decoupled. Analysing mutants leaves with altered morphology highlighted the decorrelation between adult shapes and morphogenetic trajectories, thus stressing the benefits of our approach in identifying determinants and critical timepoints during organ morphogenesis.
Contributions of modifiable risk factors to increased dementia risk in depression
Authors: Geraets Anouk F. J. , Leist Anja K. , Deckers Kay , Verhey Frans R. J. , Schram Miranda T. , Köhler Sebastian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with depression have an increased dementia risk, which might be due to modifiable risk factors for dementia. This study investigated the extent to which the increased risk for dementia in depression is explained by modifiable dementia risk factors.MethodsWe used data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2008–2009 to 2018–2019), a prospective cohort study. A total of 7460 individuals were included [mean(standard deviation) age, 65.7 ± 9.4 years; 3915(54.7%) were women]. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-8 (score ≥3) or self-reported doctor's diagnosis. Ten modifiable risk factors for dementia were combined in the ‘LIfestyle for BRAin health’ (LIBRA) score. Dementia was determined by physician diagnosis, self-reported Alzheimer's disease or the shortened version of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (average score ≥3.38). Structural equation modelling was used to test mediation of LIBRA score.ResultsDuring 61 311 person-years, 306 individuals (4.1%) developed dementia. Participants aged 50–70 years with depressive symptoms had higher LIBRA scores [difference(s.e.) = 1.15(0.10)] and a 3.59 times increased dementia risk [HR(95% CI) = 3.59(2.20–5.84)], adjusted for age, sex, education, wealth and clustering at the household level. In total, 10.4% of the dementia risk was mediated by differences in LIBRA score [indirect effect: HR = 1.14(1.03–1.26)], while 89.6% was attributed to a direct effect of depressive symptoms on dementia risk [direct effect: HR = 3.14(2.20–5.84)].ConclusionsModifiable dementia risk factors can be important targets for the prevention of dementia in individuals with depressive symptoms during midlife. Yet, effect sizes are small and other aetiological pathways likely exist.
Couples with intellectual disability where one partner has dementia – a scoping review exploring relationships in the context of dementia and intellectual disability
Authors: Jacobs Paula , Watchman Karen , Wilkinson Heather , Hoyle Louise 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRelationships and marriages between couples with intellectual disability are to be celebrated, as is the longer life expectancy now enjoyed by many with intellectual disability. However, dementia disproportionately affects people with intellectual disability, especially people with Down's syndrome. Research into experiences of couples without intellectual disability who are affected by dementia suggests that a relational perspective provides health and social care professionals with information to support the wellbeing of both partners. This dyadic perspective is missing for couples with an intellectual disability where one partner has dementia. There is currently no evidence base informing how each partner may best be supported. This scoping review, with three separate searches, aims to address this gap. The first search sought to establish if any studies had explored the experiences of couples with intellectual disability where one partner has dementia. After determining that no studies have been published to date, the review explores what is known about relationships in the context of dementia (N = 8) and in the context of intellectual disability (N = 10), in second and third searches. Different ways to approach care and support in relationships among partners, staff and other family members were identified and it was evident that support could act as a facilitator as well as a barrier to people and their relationships. While the lives of couples affected by dementia appeared to remain largely private, couples with intellectual disability had a high involvement of staff and family members in their life. Potential implications for future research with couples with intellectual disability affected by dementia are discussed, highlighting the importance of exploring how couples navigate emotional complexities and changes in their relationship, while understanding that the context in which the lives of people with intellectual disability take place and relationships happen is different.
Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among parents and adolescents following Typhoon Lekima: Examination of the mother–daughter sex matching effect
Authors: Huang Jia-Li , Zhou Xiao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the same-sex matching effect of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms from parents to children and the mediating role of children’ sense of security and catastrophization. Longitudinal data from 447 parent–child dyads were acquired using self-report scales. Parents (77.0% mothers; Mage = 40.15 years old) reported their PTSD symptoms 3 months after Super Typhoon Lekima, and children (55.9% girls; Mage = 13.40 years old) reported their PTSD symptoms, sense of security, and catastrophization 3 months and 15 months after the typhoon. Results showed that intrusion in mothers predicated intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms in daughters, while avoidance and hyperarousal in mothers predicted the same symptoms in daughters. This was not observed in any other parent–child dyads. Moreover, mothers’ intrusion positively predicted daughters’ PTSD symptoms via daughters’ sense of security and then catastrophization, while mothers’ hyperarousal showed the opposite prediction. These findings suggest that a same-sex matching effect occurs from mothers to daughters in terms of intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms of PTSD. Thus, clinical interventions that target daughters’ PTSD symptoms should also consider mothers’ intrusion and avoidance symptoms. Moreover, it may be possible to develop interventions to improve daughters’ sense of security.
Occurrence of Nighttime Irregularities and Their Scale Evolution in the Ionosphere Due To the Solar Eclipse Over East Asia on 21 June 2020
Authors: Sun Yang‐Yi , Chen Chieh‐Hung , Su Xiaoning , Wang Jing , Yu Tao , Xu Hui‐Ru , Liu Jann‐Yenq 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSolar eclipse is a daytime phenomenon that significantly disturbs the ionosphere, but whether the eclipse induces ionospheric irregularities in the nighttime remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed the dense total electron content (TEC) observations from the ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System receivers over East and South Asia to examine the development of the irregularities in the nighttime on the day of the 21 June 2020 annular solar eclipse. The rate of TEC index (period <5 min) indicates the occurrence of the irregularities that evolve from the large or coarse structures with a period ranging from hours to dozens of minutes in the nighttime due to the eclipse. We take advantage of the data‐adaptive analysis method, Hilbert‐Huang transform, to derive the instantaneous amplitude and frequency of the TEC time series, which exposes the temporal and spatial evolutions of the irregularities from larger structures continuously.
Layered Evolution of the Oceanic Lithosphere Beneath the Japan Basin, the Sea of Japan
Authors: Ai Sanxi , Akuhara Takeshi , Morishige Manabu , Yoshizawa Kazunori , Shinohara Masanao , Nakahigashi Kazuo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe formation of a new ocean basin provides a unique observational window into the structure and deformation of the oceanic lithosphere. This study offers a detailed 1‐D vertically polarized shear‐wave velocity model of the young Japan Basin by interpreting S receiver functions, seafloor Rayleigh wave ellipticities and phase velocities in a Bayesian trans‐dimensional framework. The models suggest a distinct discontinuity in the mid‐lithosphere. Additional analyses indicate that the upper layer is characterized by strong positive radial anisotropy, while the lower layer is more isotropic. We interpret that the upper layer was formed during the back‐arc opening at 20–15 Ma, where the olivine lattice‐preferred orientation (LPO) fabric induced by passive upwelling contributes to the positive radial anisotropy. The lower, less anisotropic layer may be solidified after the sudden cessation of the opening. Small‐scale convection (SSC) from such a major tectonic event could randomize the LPO enough to weaken radial anisotropy before cooling down the asthenosphere, leaving a radially anisotropic discontinuity in the present‐day mid‐lithosphere. The proposed layered evolution history of the lithosphere beneath the Japan Basin illuminates an important role of the small‐scale convection in modifying the structural fabrics of the asthenosphere in terms of radial anisotropy. Such an SSC‐induced radial anisotropy drop could also occur at the base of the lithosphere in regions with ongoing seafloor spreading and enhance the velocity drop of horizontally polarized shear waves. Thus, the role of SSC is non‐negligible in explaining the sharpness of the Gutenberg discontinuity detected by SS precursors beneath the oceanic lithosphere.
Effects of Surface Heating on Coastal Upwelling Intensity
Authors: Jung Jihun , Cho Yang‐Ki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNumerical experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of surface heating on coastal upwelling intensity. Offshore transport, isopycnal slope, and the sea surface temperature (SST) difference between coastal and offshore regions, which represent the upwelling intensity, were estimated. Surface heating decreases Ekman transport but increases Ekman pumping by changing air‐sea stability conditions. However, offshore transport does not change significantly with surface heating. Our experimental results revealed that the increase in surface heating decreases the isopycnal slope but increases the SST difference. Both the isopycnal slope and SST difference are closely related to the change in the surface boundary layer (SBL). Strong surface heating thins the surface‐mixed layer, which decreases the vertical eddy viscosity. The decreased vertical eddy viscosity thins the SBL and enhances its offshore velocity. The isopycnal slope weakens because of the thin SBL, while the SST difference becomes stronger because of the enhanced offshore velocity despite the same offshore transport. The present study may be relevant to the change in upwelling systems as the increase in surface heating under future global warming.
Future Simulated Changes in Central U.S. Mesoscale Convective System Rainfall Caused by Changes in Convective and Stratiform Structure
Authors: Dougherty E. M. , Prein A. F. , Gutmann E. D. , Newman A. J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are responsible for a majority of warm season flash flood events in the central U.S. Given their high impact, it is critical to understand how MCSs will change in a future climate. This study identifies eight flood‐producing MCS cases of different archetypes and runs ensembles of 192 high‐resolution historical and future simulations in order to analyze the range in future MCS rainfall and structural changes. Future area‐average rainfall increases by 98% on average, with an 89%–111% range among ensemble members, while maximum rainfall increases by 31%, with a 24%–43% range. MCSs components are classified into deep convective cores (DCCs), wide convective cores (WCCs), and broad stratiform regions (BSRs) to understand how changes in these structures contribute to future rainfall changes. In a warmer climate, the number of DCCs increase on average by +30 (+5,545%), the average WCC area increases by 75%, and the average BSR area increases by 40%. The future rainfall increases are mainly due to increases in convective rainfall with large variability in rainfall from DCCs and less variability from WCCs. Despite their increase in size, BSR rainfall shows little increase. These rainfall and structural changes vary among MCS types, with back‐building MCSs exhibiting the largest increases in future rainfall mainly due to increases in the number of DCCs and WCC area. Such information is critical to better understand the drivers of change in future MCS rainfall and improve prediction of future flood impacts.
The mechanism and therapy of aortic aneurysms
Authors: Gao Jianing , Cao Huanhuan , Hu Gaofei , Wu Yufei , Xu Yangkai , Cui Hongtu , Lu Hong S. , Zheng Lemin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAortic aneurysm is a chronic aortic disease affected by many factors. Although it is generally asymptomatic, it poses a significant threat to human life due to a high risk of rupture. Because of its strong concealment, it is difficult to diagnose the disease in the early stage. At present, there are no effective drugs for the treatment of aneurysms. Surgical intervention and endovascular treatment are the only therapies. Although current studies have discovered that inflammatory responses as well as the production and activation of various proteases promote aortic aneurysm, the specific mechanisms remain unclear. Researchers are further exploring the pathogenesis of aneurysms to find new targets for diagnosis and treatment. To better understand aortic aneurysm, this review elaborates on the discovery history of aortic aneurysm, main classification and clinical manifestations, related molecular mechanisms, clinical cohort studies and animal models, with the ultimate goal of providing insights into the treatment of this devastating disease. The underlying problem with aneurysm disease is weakening of the aortic wall, leading to progressive dilation. If not treated in time, the aortic aneurysm eventually ruptures. An aortic aneurysm is a local enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the aortic wall. The disease is usually asymptomatic but leads to high mortality due to the risk of artery rupture.