bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red Stellar Populations and Dust Extinction toward W3
Authors: Campbell J. L. , Martin P. G. , Song S. , Rahman M. , Einstein L. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We explore red stellar populations toward the W3 giant molecular cloud through the use of optical-to-infrared (IR) photometry and Gaia DR 3 data, simultaneously characterizing stellar content and properties of dust in the molecular medium. We use a Rayleigh–Jeans color excess method modified to de-redden stellar observations of both red giants (RGs) and OB stars, and construct an IR Hertzsprung–Russell diagram validated against the Besançon Galactic model. Taking advantage of the near-universal IR interstellar extinction law and precise Gaia measurements, we develop a method for obtaining the spectral classification, foreground extinction, and distance moduli of stars, validated by spectroscopically confirmed OB stars. We constrain the observed parallax and proper motion of OB stars in W3, demonstrating the importance of considering systematic effects in the parallax bias, and assign parallax- and proper-motion-based cloud membership to our stellar samples. While it has been assumed that all spectroscopic OB stars are inside the W3 cloud, we find evidence of seven background B stars and three potential runaway OB stars. The methods developed here, which are based on known stellar populations, enable us to identify 82 new OB candidates that are confidently within the cloud. We quantify several dust-to-dust empirical correlations, in particular the IR color excess E(H − [4.5]) and the optical depth τ
1 of submillimeter dust emission at 1 THz using RGs behind W3, measuring a best fit of

E
(
H
−
[
4.5
]
)
=
(
1.07
±
0.04
)
×

10

3

τ

1

,

HOTT

+
(
0.00
±
0.02
)

mag

.
Exploring Simple-population and Multiple-population Globular Clusters in the Outer Galactic Halo Using the Hubble Space Telescope
Authors: Lagioia E. P. , Milone A. P. , Legnardi M. V. , Cordoni G. , Dondoglio E. , Renzini A. , Tailo M. , Ziliotto T. , Carlos M. , Jang S. , Marino A. F. , Mohandasan A. , Qi J. , Rangwal G. , Bortolan E. , Muratore F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The pseudo two-color diagram, known as chromosome map (ChM), is a valuable tool for identifying globular clusters (GCs), which consist of single or multiple stellar populations (MPs). Recent surveys of Galactic GCs using ChMs have provided stringent observational constraints on the formation of GCs and their stellar populations. However, these surveys have primarily focused on GCs at moderate distances from the Galactic center and composed of MPs. In this paper, we present the first detailed study of the stellar composition of four GCs in the outer halo of the Milky Way: Arp 2, Ruprecht 106, Terzan 7, and Terzan 8. Our analysis is based on high-precision photometry obtained from images collected with the Hubble Space Telescope in the F275W, F336W, F438W, F606W, and F814W bands. We find that Ruprecht 106 and Terzan 7 are composed solely of a single stellar population, whereas Arp 2 and Terzan 8 host both first- and second-population stars. In these clusters, the second population comprises about half and one-third of the total number of GC stars, respectively. The results from this paper and the literature suggest that the threshold in the initial GC mass, if present, should be smaller than approximately 105
M
⊙. The first-population stars of Arp 2 and Terzan 8, along with the stars of the simple-population GCs Ruprecht 106 and Terzan 7, exhibit intrinsic F275W – F814W color spreads, likely indicative of [Fe/H] variations of approximately 0.05–0.30 dex. This suggests that star-to-star metallicity variations are a common feature of star clusters, regardless of the presence of MPs.
Epsilon Canis Majoris: The Brightest Extreme-ultraviolet Source with Surprisingly Low Interstellar Absorption
Authors: Shull J. Michael , Curran Rachel M. , Topping Michael W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The B2 star Epsilon Canis Majoris (ϵ CMa), at parallax distance d = 124 ± 2 pc, dominates the H i photoionization of the Local Interstellar Cloud. At its closer parallax distance compared to previous estimates, ϵ CMa has a 0.9 mag fainter absolute magnitude M

V
= −3.97 ± 0.04. We combine measurements of distance with the integrated flux f = (41.5 ± 3.3) × 10−6 erg cm−2 s−1 and angular diameter θ

d
= 0.80 ± 0.05 mas to produce a consistent set of stellar parameters: radius R = 10.7 ± 0.7 R
⊙, mass M = 13.1 ± 2.3 M
⊙, gravity

log
g
=
3.50
±
0.05

, effective temperature T
eff ≈ 21,000 K, and luminosity L ≈ 20,000 L
⊙. These parameters place ϵ CMa outside the β Cephei instability strip, consistent with its observed lack of pulsations. The observed extreme-ultraviolet spectrum yields a hydrogen photoionization rate ΓHI ≈ 10−15 s−1 (at Earth). The total flux decrement factor at the Lyman limit (ΔLL = 5000 ± 500) is a combination of attenuation in the stellar atmosphere (Δstar = 110 ± 10) and interstellar medium (ΔISM = 45 ± 5) with optical depth τ
LL = 3.8 ± 0.1. After correcting for interstellar H i column density N
HI = (6 ± 1) × 1017cm−2, we find a stellar LyC photon flux ΦLyC ≈ 3000 cm−2 s−1 and ionizing luminosity Q
LyC = 1045.7±0.3 photons s−1. The photoionization rate ΓH ≈ (1–2) × 10−14 s−1 at the cloud surface produces an ionization fraction (30%–40%) for total hydrogen density n
H = 0.2 cm−3. With its 27.3 ± 0.4 km s−1 heliocentric radial velocity and small proper motion, ϵ CMa passed within 9.3 ± 0.5 pc of the Sun 4.4 Myr ago, with a 180 times higher photoionization rate.
Inpatient Management of Gout: Serum Urate Testing and Allopurinol Dose Adjustment
Authors: Alfeld Kate , Barclay Murray L. , McNeill Richard , Frampton Chris , Doogue Matt , Stamp Lisa K. 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveDespite effective treatment, gout is poorly managed. The aim of this study was to determine rates of serum urate (SU) testing and allopurinol dose adjustment in patients admitted to Christchurch-based hospitals who were receiving allopurinol.MethodsThe hospital electronic prescribing and administration (ePA) system was used to identify patients receiving allopurinol during hospital admissions from March 2016 to March 2023. Demographics, SU, renal function, and changes to allopurinol therapy were recorded for each admission. Results were stratified by target SU and renal function.ResultsOf 18,081 patients who received allopurinol, SU was measured in 2950 (16.32%). The mean SU was 0.37 (SD 0.12) mmol/L, with 1270 (43.05%) above target SU (0.36 mmol/L). Admissions with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3-5 were more likely to have SU above target than those with CKD stage 1-2 (78.84% vs 21.26%;P< 0.001). Among those with SU above target, allopurinol was discontinued in 148 (11.65%) and the dose reduced in 44 (3.46%), increased in 92 (7.24%), and unchanged in 986 (77.63%) during the admission. Those above target SU with CKD stage 3-5 were more likely to stop or decrease allopurinol compared to those with CKD stage 1-2 (16.4% vs 10.4%;P= 0.01).ConclusionMore than 80% of hospital admissions did not have SU measured, despite the patient receiving allopurinol. Most admissions had suboptimal management of the allopurinol dose in the context of their SU. These results reflect a missed opportunity to review and optimize gout management.
Dépasser l’analogie, écouter les opprimé·es : patriarcat et blanchité dans le discours antispéciste
Authors: Bahaffou Myriam 
Published: January 2025

Cet article rend compte de deux mésusages de la méthode de raisonnement qu’est l’analogie au sein de l’éthique animale : premièrement, l’analogie entre spécisme/sexisme sur laquelle s’appuient ses textes fondamentaux ; deuxièmement, l’analogie entre la mise en esclavage des noir∙es africain∙es et l’exploitation animale (qui sert elle-même à une analogie plus large, celle entre spécisme/racisme). L’analogie a d’une part servi à établir une relation sexisme/spécisme sans les femmes et par une éthique rationaliste patriarcale, alors que les écoféministes véganes avaient déjà construit des modèles relationnels qui ne proposaient pas une relation de similarité, mais d’enchevêtrement, entre les deux oppressions. Ensuite, l’analogie a servi à instrumentaliser le racisme, en considérant les personnes racisées, et en particulier noires, comme de simples exemples à sacrifier pour consolider la logique argumentative de l’antispécisme. D’une part, l’écoféminisme végane - en particulier grâce aux éthiques du care - ainsi que l’afro-véganisme, ont démontré que l’usage de l’analogie se produisait dans un cadre caractérisé par une absence de point de vue situé. Ces deux littératures ont substitué à l’analogie des méthodes de raisonnement qui permettent d’entrer en responsabilité avec les sujets mobilisés, hors d’un discours réifiant et instrumental.
A critical analysis of Purnomo and colleagues’ interpretation in Matthew 6:9–13
Authors: Laia Harman Z. , Binar Sri 
Published: January 2025

The reinterpretation of the Lord’s Prayer (Mt 6:9–13) as a prayer of thanksgiving rather than petition, based on their argument that the aorist tense in imperative and/or subjunctive verbs signifies actions completed in the past, along with their critique of the Lembaga Alkitab Indonesia (LAI) translation as erroneous, sparked debates among Christians in Indonesia and was leveraged by non-Christian groups to question the Bible’s authenticity. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of Purnomo et al.’s research by focussing on their interpretation of the aorist tense in imperative and/or subjunctive verbs, research methodology, use of literature, critique of the LAI translation and theological implications. A comprehensive review of literature and exegesis was conducted to analyse the grammatical, linguistic, methodological and theological aspects of the text. Based on a detailed examination, this study found that their interpretation of the aorist tense in imperative and/or subjunctive verbs in the prayer was unsupported by linguistic evidence and contradicted the principles of biblical Greek grammar, where the aorist tense emphasises ‘aspect’ rather than ‘time’ (e.g., ‘past tense’) of actions. Consequently, the theology derived from their study was flawed. Moreover, the study affirmed that the LAI translation accurately reflects the original context of the text. This research concluded that Purnomo et al.’s interpretation of the Lord’s Prayer (Mt 6:9–13) contained significant theological and linguistic errors that require revision.Contribution: This research critically contributes to biblical theology by addressing interpretative challenges in Matthew 6:9–13, refuting claims that the Lord’s Prayer expresses gratitude based on the aorist tense. It reaffirms the prayer as a supplication, grounded in biblical Greek grammar and theology, while defending the accuracy of the LAI translation. Advancing critical exegesis, the study promotes rigorous theological discourse and a deeper understanding of Scripture.
Effect of Cinnamon Essential Oil on the Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting of Cancer Patients
Authors: Mehrabian Shima , Tirgari Batool , Beitollahi Mina , Forouzi Mansooreh Azizzadeh , Khandani Behjat Kalantari 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Despite progress made in antiemetic control, most cancer patients still experience chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. In oncology departments, nurses can evaluate the effects of complementary therapies such as use of essential oil on reducing nausea and vomiting of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the effect of cinnamon essential oil on the chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting of cancer patients.

Materials and Methods:
This is a two-group experimental study with a pretest-posttest design that was conducted between January 20 and March 15 of the year 2020. Through convenience sampling, 70 patients experiencing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting were recruited to participate in this study. The participants were randomly allocated to two control and intervention groups. A pad moistened with 2 ml of isotonic saline and 0.2 ml of cinnamon essential oil was first placed inside a plastic bag, and then patients in the intervention group were asked to take three deep breaths while their face was towards the bag for two times at five-minute intervals. Patients in the control group used a placebo (a pad moistened with 2 ml of isotonic saline) instead of cinnamon essential oil during the intervention period. Participants in the two groups received routine antiemetic treatment. Using Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the severity of nausea and vomiting was measured in both groups before the intervention. For this reason, the severity of nausea and vomiting was measured after the first three breaths, and then after the second three breaths. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, using independent t-test, Chi-squared test, and Fisher’s exact test. Repeated measures ANOVA were also used to evaluate nausea and vomiting between the two groups across times. The significant level of 0.05 was considered for all tests.

Results:
There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of demographic characteristics and the severity of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting before the intervention. The severity of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in the cinnamon group than the control group after the first 3.08 (0.55), (F2 = 13.27, p < 0.001) and second breaths 1.91 (0.33) (F2 = 11.39, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Nurses can educate patients and their families to use of cinnamon essential oil. Nursing managers can also emphasize on the use of cinnamon essential oil, which is one of the non-pharmacological, low-cost, and effective methods of reducing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, by holding in-service training classes.
Effect of Vaginal Cream with the Combination of Honey, Olive, and Propolis on the Symptoms of Uterine Cervicitis Symptoms in Women: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Study
Authors: Parsapour Hamideh , Shayan Arezoo , Hosseinpoor Mehrnoosh , Masoumi Seyedeh Zahra , Kazemi Farideh , Moradkhani Shirin , Oliaei Seyed Mohammad Hossein , Assareh Zeinab , Rashidi Mohammad Kazem 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Uterine cervicitis in women requires careful selection of a suitable and straightforward treatment. This study aimed to examine the effect of Nika vaginal cream on the symptoms of uterine cervicitis in women.

Materials and Methods:
This double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical study was conducted on 66 women who where reffered to Hamadan health centers in 2021(33 people in each group). The participants in the intervention group were instructed to use Nika vaginal cream every night for 14 nights, along with a single dose of one gram of azithromycin, 400 mg of cefixime, and 500 mg of metronidazole twice a day for both the patient and her husband. The control group received a placebo cream and the same drugs as the intervention group. After the 14-day treatment period, clinical signs were assessed through examinations, and participants completed questionnaires again.

Results:
The study found that participants in the Nika user group experienced a 69.70% improvement in symptoms related to uterine cervicitis. This improvement was significantly higher than the control group, which only showed a 45.50% improvement. Although the Risk Ratio (RR) between the two groups was 53% higher in the intervention group, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.06). However, the Risk Difference (RD) of 0.24 between the groups was found to be statistically significant (p=0.04). Additionally, participants in the intervention group reported a 76.00% reduction in dyspareunia (p=0.03) and an 84.00% reduction in urinary frequency (p=0.05).

Conclusions:
According to the result of RD, Nika vaginal cream had a significant effect on the improvement of cervicitis symptoms.
Mental Health in the Workplace from the Perspective of Oncology Nurses in Iran: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Soheili Mozhgan , Eghbali-Babadi Maryam , Jokar Fariba , Taleghani Fariba 
Published: January 2025

Background:
The workplace and the context in which oncology nurses work are unique due to the complex and dynamic nature of cancer care. Nurses who care for cancer patients are exposed to varying degrees of psychological pressure. The present study was conducted to explore oncology nurses’ perceptions regarding mental health in the workplace.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted in 2018–2019. The participants were recruited through purposive sampling from eight educational specialty cancer treatment centers in Iran. Data were collected through individual semistructured interviews and analyzed using the conventional qualitative content analysis method. The Consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative research (COREQ) checklist was used to document the report of the study.

Results:
The extracted concepts were classified into three main categories and 17 subcategories. The main categories included attention to nurses’ occupational stress-provoking factors, attention to emotional/psychological responses in the workplace, and healthy mental atmosphere in the workplace.

Conclusions:
The findings indicate that oncology nurses need to be supported to enhance their mental health in the workplace. The findings of this study could help policymakers and nurse managers to understand the importance of improving the mental health of nurses in cancer care. In this regard, it is essential to make the necessary plans and scientific decisions to design and provide strategies to alleviate workplace problems and improve nurses’ mental health.
Diffuse cortical atrophy in young males with alcohol dependence
Authors: Ghosh Poulomi , Thaker Devam , Chaudhury Suprakash , Davis Supriya , Maggu Gaurav , Chaudhari Bhushan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
One of the most common and significant issues associated with alcohol consumption is its consequences, and one of the organs most affected is the brain. Numerous chronic drinkers in their fifth and sixth decades have demonstrated cortical atrophy in radiological examinations; nevertheless, there is little study in the young age range.

Aim:
To assess the degree of cortical atrophy in young male adults with alcohol dependence compared to those who have no history of alcohol consumption and its correlation with the severity of alcohol dependence.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study included a purposive sampling of 30 patients aged 18–45 years, fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of alcohol-dependence syndrome, and having no prior history of brain damage-causing substances other than alcohol. An equal number of age- and sex-matched control subjects were taken who did not have any history of alcohol consumption. Computed tomography (CT) scans were done for both groups. Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test C (AUDIT-C), Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ), and Global Cortical Atrophy (GCA) scale were applied to measure alcohol dependence and its severity and the degree of cortical atrophy.

Results:
All 30 male patients who fulfilled the criteria of alcohol dependence showed significant cortical atrophy in CT scans as compared to control subjects. Out of the 30 alcohol-dependence patients, 4 had only frontal lobe atrophy, while 26 patients had diffuse cortical atrophy, among which 19 patients showed frontal lobe predominance. The degree of atrophy and the severity of alcohol dependency also showed a strong association.

Conclusion:
There is a persistent pattern of neuroradiological evidence of diffuse cortical atrophy with frontal predominance in young people having alcohol dependence with a mean total duration of alcohol consumption of around 21 ± 5.5 years as compared to those who have no history of alcohol consumption.
A study of maternal and perinatal outcomes in primigravida and multigravida by comparing their partogram in labor
Authors: Vavaldas Umadevi , Midhuna K. S. , Kandhichetty Sarada 
Published: January 2025

Background:
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of partograph during labor and delivery, with objectives to improve health care and reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. It is also recommended by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence in “intrapartum care” guideline.

Objective:
The present study was carried out to study maternal and perinatal outcomes in primigravida and multigravida by comparing their partogram in labor.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective study was conducted in 70 primigravida and 115 multigravida in labor. The WHO partogram which is similar to Philpott and Castle original description was used. Protocol for labor management with partogram was devised and tested. Graphs were analyzed and placed in three categories: Group A – patients who delivered before partogram touched alert line, Group B – patients who delivered when partogram lies between alert and action lines, and Group C – patients who delivered after action line was crossed. After delivery, labor notes were written.

Results:
Among primigravida, majority (77.2%) belonged to Group A of partogram compared to 91.3% of multigravida. However, in Groups B and C of partogram, primigravida were significantly more than multigravida. Partogram groups had no association with outcome of labor and neonatal birth weight. The proportion of newborns with an Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration score at 1 min and at 5 min of <7 was significantly more in Group C (66.7%) of partogram compared to the other two groups. A proportion of newborns with neonatal complications were significantly more in Group C (50%) of partogram compared to the other two groups.

Conclusion:
Partograph can be used to assess the progress of labor and to identify when intervention is necessary. Using partograph can be highly effective in reducing complications from prolonged labor for both mothers and neonates.
Contramemoria y resistencia subcultural en la exposición Ander: Resistencia cultural en El Trolley y Matucana 19
Authors: Cabrera-Sánchez José , Jofré-Astudillo Daniel 
Published: January 2025

El presente texto toma como objeto de interrogación la exposición Ander: Resistencia cultural en El Trolley y Matucana 19, desarrollada a finales del año 2022 en el Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes (Chile), la que es analizada desde dos aristas: su aporte a la construcción de memoria colectiva sobre una dimensión poco reconocida de la producción cultural del periodo dictatorial, y el carácter subcultural y juvenil de las expresiones que dieron forma a lo sucedido en estos espacios del under capitalino. A partir de los conceptos de contramemoria y subcultura, articulados al concepto de resistencia, se concluye que la curatoría es un ejercicio capaz de llevar al espacio del reconocimiento público prácticas y discursos silenciados, los que tendrían un potencial impacto en la representación de la memoria colectiva sobre la dictadura chilena y los procesos de subjetivación de las nuevas generaciones.