bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of progression in non-IPF fibrotic interstitial lung disease
Authors: Wells Athol U. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review
To characterize patterns of disease progression in the designation of progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF), including their relative prevalence and subsequent prognostic significance, in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD), including key patient sub-groups.

Recent findings
In recent large clinical cohorts, PPF criteria suited to early PPF identification, based on their prevalence and short time to progression, include a relative forced vital capacity (FVC) decline exceeding 10% and various combinations of lower thresholds for FVC decline, symptomatic worsening and serial progression of fibrosis on imaging. Amongst numerous candidate PPF criteria, these progression patterns may have the greatest prognostic significance based on subsequent mortality, although there are conflicting data based on subsequent FVC progression. The prevalence of patterns of progression is similar across major diagnostic sub-groups with the striking exception of patients with underlying inflammatory myopathy.

Summary
Based on prevalence and the prognostic significance of PPF criteria, and the need for early identification of disease progression, recent published data in large clinical cohorts provide support for the use of the INBUILD PPF criteria. The patterns of disease progression used to designate PPF in a recent multinational guideline are mostly not based on data in previous and subsequent real-world cohorts.
Comparative efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: A network meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Han , Li Xin-Zhu , Chen Jia-Qing , Ren Tian-Shu , Zhang Ying-Shi , Wang Yi-Nuo , Zhao Qing-Chun 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of 4 weekly formulations of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on glycemic control, including glycemic control, by using a network meta-analysis (NMA).

Methods:
PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception until June 10, 2022. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) enrolling participants with diabetes mellitus type 2 and a follow-up of at least 12 weeks were included, for which 4 eligible GLP-1RAs Exenatide, Dulaglutide, Semaglutide, Loxenatide were compared with either each other or placebo. The primary outcome is the change of hemoglobin A1c level. Secondary outcomes including additional glycemic control indicators and adverse events (AE). Frequentist random-effect NMA were conducted for effect comparison. This meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO, CRD42022342241.

Results:
The NMA synthesized evidence from 12 studies covering 6213 patients and 10 GLP-1RA regimens. A pairwise comparison of glycosylated hemoglobin type A1C (HbA1c) lowering effects showed that once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonists were significantly better than placebo, and their glucose-lowering intensity was Semaglutide 2.0mg, Semaglutide 1.0mg, Dulaglutide 4.5mg, and Semaglutide 0.5mg, Dulaglutide 3.0mg, PEX168 200ug, Dulaglutide 1.5mg, PEX168 100ug and Dulaglutide 0.75mg. The GLP-1RA regimen has a comparable safety profile for hypoglycemia. And with the exception of PEX168, all other long-acting GLP-1RA drugs had lower rates of diarrhea, nausea and vomiting than placebo.

Conclusion:
Regimens of GLP-1RAs had differential glycemic control. The efficacy and safety of Semaglutide 2.0mg in comprehensively lowering blood sugar showed the best performance.
Effect of a randomized group intervention for depression among Nigerian pre-service adult education teachers
Authors: Okeke Nkechi Mercy , Onah Beatrice N. , Ekwealor Nwakaego Ebele , Ekwueme Stella Chinweudo , Ezugwu Joy Onyinyechukwu , Edeh Esther Nwarube , Okeke Polycarp M. D. , Onwuadi Charles C. , Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
Studies show that depression undermines the mental health of pre-service teachers. The objective of this research was to determine whether a rational emotive behavior intervention will be effective in treating depression among Nigerian pre-service adult education teachers.

Methods:
The study participants comprise 70 pre-service adult education teachers with moderate to severe depression. The treatment arm consist 35 pre-service adult education teachers, while the control arm consist 35 pre-service adult education teachers. With randomized control group design, an 8-week rational emotive behavior intervention was delivered to the treatment arm while the control arm participants were waitlisted. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Goldberg Depression Scale (GDS) were used for data collection. We utilized repeated ANOVA to analyze the study data collected at 3 time points (pretest, post-test, and follow-up).

Results:
The rational-emotive behavior intervention was significantly effective in reducing the mean depression scores of pre-service adult education teachers in the treatment arm when compared to those in the control arm (HDRS: P < .001, ηp
2 = 0.869; GDS: P < .001, ηp
2 = 0.827). The treatment intervention consistently reduced mean depression scores of the pre-service adult education teachers at follow-up compared to the control arm (HDRS: P < .000, 95% confidence interval: −24.049, −19.837, ηp
2 = 0.864; GDS: P < .001, 95% confidence interval: −37.587 to 31.213, ηp
2 = 0.872). The results also showed significant effects of Time as well as significant interaction effects of Time and Group on HDRS and GDS scores of pre-service adult education teachers.

Conclusion:
The study concludes that among pre-service adult education teachers, a rational emotive behavior therapy treatment model was significantly effective and consistent in depression treatment. It is crucial to apply this rational-emotive behavior treatment approach in depression treatment among Nigerian pre-service adult education teachers. Compliance to the REBT treatment plans and timing is very crucial in achieving desired results.
Secretory breast cancer in a boy: A case report with genetic analysis using next-generation sequencing and literature review
Authors: Deng Lili , Li Yang , Zhong Jincai 
Published: July 2023

Rationale:
Male secretory breast cancer is a rare, low-grade carcinoma, especially in boys. Due to its rarity, not much is known about this disease.

Patient concerns:
A 5-year-old boy presented with a 1.4 cm painless mass in the right breast.

Diagnoses:
Ultrasonography could not distinguish whether the breast tumor was benign or malignant. After a biopsy of the lumpectomy specimen, it was diagnosed to be secretory breast carcinoma.

Interventions:
The patient underwent a modified radical mastectomy for his right breast. No postoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy was performed. Next-generation sequencing of 211 cancer-related genes was detected, and the results revealed an ETV6-NTRK3 translocation and a PDGFRB c.2632A > G mutation. None of the most commonly altered molecules in male aggressive breast cancer (such as BRCA1-2, TP53, RAD51C, and RAD51D mutations) has been identified.

Outcomes:
The patient was still free from local recurrence or metastases at 6-month follow-up.

Lessons:
The genomic profile of male pediatric SCB is relatively simple, no other known driver genes have been found except for the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion. Our report will improve our understanding of secretory breast cancer.
Hematomyelia associated with coronavirus disease 2019: A rare case report
Authors: Zhang Lin-Ming , Zhang Huan-Bo , Fan Fu-Rong , Liu Ming-Wei 
Published: July 2023

Rationale:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can damage the central nervous system. Although there have been reports of cerebral hemorrhage and infarction caused by COVID-19, hematomyelia due to COVID-19 has never been reported.

Patient concerns:
A 40-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with positive nucleic acid detection for COVID-19 after experiencing fever for 2 weeks, urinary retention, fecal retention, and pain in both lower extremities for a week.

Diagnoses:
The patient diagnosis was established using thoracic and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Contrast-enhanced thoracic and lumbar MRI revealed subdural (dorsal predominant) short T1 and slightly long T2 bands in the T12-S2 infundibular canal in the scan field, and the subdural hematoma was yet to be distinguished from other diseases. Spinal cord edema was observed in the left vertebral plate and facet joint of the T11 vertebral body, indicative of inflammation. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was positive for COVID-19 nucleic acid.

Interventions:
Antiinfection, immunomodulation, correction of acid-base balance and electrolyte disorders, improvement of circulation, nerve nutrition, and other symptomatic supportive treatments were administered to the patient.

Outcomes:
The patient symptoms significantly improved after 4 weeks of anti-infection and immunomodulatory therapy. Repeat thoracolumbar MRI revealed absorption of the spinal cord hematoma, and the patient was discharged from the hospital. To date, COVID-19-related hematomyelia has not been reported and anti-infective and immunomodulatory therapies may be effective.

Lessons:
COVID-19 not only easily leads to brain injury but can also cause spinal cord injury and even spinal cord hemorrhage. When patients with COVID-19 experience symptoms and signs of spinal cord injury, spinal cord injury and bleeding caused by COVID-19 should be considered, and MRI and lumbar puncture should be performed as soon as possible to make a clear diagnosis.
Renal artery aneurysm induced by neurofibromatosis type 1: A case report and review of the endovascular interventions for this rare vasculopathy
Authors: AlSheikh Sultan 
Published: July 2023

Rationale:
The autosomal dominant condition known as neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) is characterized by café au lait macules and neurofibromatosis. Aneurysms in renal arteries are rare. Renal artery aneurysm (RAA) can be successfully treated with endovascular procedures; however, successful cases in NF-1 adults have not been reported.

Patient concerns:
Here, we report the case of a 30-year-old female suffering from NF-1. The patient presented to the emergency department with complaints of chronic, poorly controlled hypertension. A left RAA was found om the computed tomography angiography (CTA).

Diagnoses:
A left renal artery aneurysm was diagnosed using CTA during workup for secondary hypertension.

Interventions:
Selective angiographym of the left renal artery confirmed a fusiform aneurysm of the distal renal artery. A self-expandable covered stent was placed, and a completion angiogram demonstrated good aneurysm sealing and contrast flow to the left kidney.

Outcomes:
The patient’s blood pressure improved after the procedure. Her medications were lowered to almost half of their baseline doses, and hydralazine was discontinued. On the follow-up visit after 4 months, the patient reported his home-measured systolic blood pressure to be less than 120 mm Hg. A repeated CTA of the abdomen showed post-left RAA repair with a covered stent and interval improvement of the left kidney.

Lessons:
RAA caused by NF-1 are manageable and feasible with endovascular intervention.
A case report of Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and corpus luteum rupture in twin pregnancies with IVF-ET
Authors: Luo Yunliao , Shen Huajuan , Li Hongjing , Tan Zongjian , Chen Chaojun , Chen Weiming , He Jun 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a common complication during assisted conception treatment, mostly seen in patients with ovarian hyperresponsiveness such as polycystic ovary syndrome, especially in post-invitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) pregnancies. Its main symptoms are abdominal distension, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting with ascites, pleural fluid, leukocytosis, hemoconcentration and hypercoagulation. This disease is a self-limiting disease and can be gradually cured by rehydration, albumin infusion and correction of electrolyte disorders in moderate to severe cases. Luteal rupture is a more common gynecological emergency abdomen. The combination of twin pregnancy, OHSS and ruptured corpus luteum is very rare. We successfully avoided the stimulation of the risk of pregnancy abortion by surgical exploration through dynamic ultrasound monitoring and vital signs observation in the absence of experience in primary care, and the patient hard-won twin pregnancy was successfully treated conservatively.

Patient concerns:
The patient is a 30-year-old post-IVF-ET woman with an established twin pregnancy, OHSS and sudden onset of lower abdominal pain.

Diagnosis:
Twin pregnancy, OHSS combined with ruptured corpus luteum.

Interventions:
Rehydration, albumin infusion, low molecular heparin for thromboprophylaxis, luteinizing support, ambulatory ultrasound monitoring.

Outcomes:
After more than 10 days of standardized treatment for OHSS, dynamic ultrasound monitoring and close observation of vital signs, the patient was discharged cured of her condition and is continuing her pregnancy.

Conclusion:
Our case shows that the possibility of acute abdominal rupture of the corpus luteum is still present in the case of combined OHSS in pregnancy, and that some patients with corpus luteum rupture can heal spontaneously during close testing to avoid the increased risk of miscarriage with surgical exploration.
Female exposed to the Chinese famine increases the risk of dyslipidemia in later life
Authors: Xiong Huali , Liu Daiqiang , Tang Dayi , Ma Fengxun 
Published: July 2023

The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease theory suggests that early-life malnutrition is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease in adulthood. In this study, we aimed to analyze the association between exposure to the Chinese famine during fetal, childhood, and adolescence, while also exploring potential gender disparities in this association.
From August 2018 to 2022 December, a 3-stage stratified random sampling method was employed to recruit 6916 eligible participants in Chongqing for this study. The participants were enrolled into 4 cohorts based on their birthdates: non-exposed, fetal-exposed, childhood-exposed, and adolescence-exposed. Participants were defined as having dyslipidemia according to the 2016 Chinese guideline for the management of dyslipidemia in adults, as well as self-reported dyslipidemia. In total, 6916 eligible participants were interviewed, including 1686 participants exposed when fetal, 1626 participants exposed during childhood, 1648 participants exposed during adolescence, and 1956 participants who had no exposure.
The prevalence of dyslipidemia in the non-exposed, fetal-exposed, childhood-exposed, and adolescence-exposed cohorts was 21.43%, 25.00%, 24.38%, 22.52% in males and 20.00%, 36.57%, 34.60%, 32.59% in females, respectively. There was an increased risk of dyslipidemia among females exposed to the Chinese famine during the fetal (odds ratio [OR] = 1.613, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.179–2.205), childhood (OR = 1.857, 95% CI: 1.384–2.491), adolescence (OR = 1.531, 95% CI: 1.137–2.060) stage, However, no significant association was observed in male adults.
Exposure to the Chinese famine during fetal, childhood, and adolescence stages increases the risk of dyslipidemia in adulthood in females, but not in males. The observed gender differences may be attributed to mortality advantage and son preference in China.
The effect on vital signs of concomitant administration of nicardipine and dexmedetomidine sedation after spinal anesthesia: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lee Sangho , Ahn Ye Na , Lee Junbum , Kwon SoonOh , Kang Hee Yong 
Published: July 2023

Background:
We evaluated heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) trends when nicardipine (NCD) was co-administered during dexmedetomidine (DEX) sedation after spinal anesthesia.

Methods:
Sixty patients aged 19 to 65 were randomly assigned to the DEX or DEX-NCD groups. Five minutes after infusion of the loading dose of DEX, the NCD was administered intravenously at a rate of 5 μg/kg for 5 minutes in the DEX-NCD group. The study starting point was set at 0 minute when the DEX loading dose was initiated. The primary outcomes were the differences in HR and BP between the 2 groups during the study drug administration. Secondary outcomes included the number of patients whose HR was < 50 beats per minute (bpm) after the DEX loading dose infusion, and associated factors were evaluated. The incidence of hypotension in the postanesthesia care unit, postanesthesia care unit length of stay, postoperative nausea and vomiting, postoperative urinary retention, time to first urination after spinal anesthesia, acute kidney injury, and postoperative hospital length of stay were evaluated.

Results:
The HR was significantly higher at 14 minutes, and the mean BP was significantly lower at 10 minutes in the DEX-NCD group than in the DEX group. The number of patients with an HR < 50 bpm during surgery was significantly higher in the DEX group than in the DEX-NCD group at 12, 16, 24, 26, and 30 minutes. The DEX group and a low initial HR were independently associated with the occurrence of an HR < 50 bpm after DEX loading dose infusion. Postoperative outcomes were not significantly different between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:
Simultaneous administration of NCD during the administration of a loading dose of DEX prevented severe bradycardia. Co-administration of NCD may be considered in patients with a low initial HR when severe bradycardia is expected during the DEX loading dose infusion. NCD and DEX may be safely infused simultaneously without affecting postoperative complications (see Figure S1, Supplemental Digital Content, http://links.lww.com/MD/J241, Graphical abstract).
Fistula formation into other organs secondary to intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas: A case report and literature review
Authors: Shishido Yutaka , Mitsuoka Eisei , Ito Rieko , Ishii Masayuki , Fujimoto Koji 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
Fistula formation from intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas is uncommon; however, IPMN penetrating various organs has been increasingly reported. To date, there is a lack of literature reviewing recent reports and the clinicopathologic details of IPMN with fistula formation are still poorly understood.

Methods:
This study describes the case of a 60-year-old woman presenting with postprandial epigastric pain and diagnosed with main-duct (MD) IPMN penetrating to the duodenum, and presents comprehensive literature review of IPMN with fistulae. A literature review was performed using PubMed for all articles in English using predetermined search terms, including (fistula or fistulization), (pancreas or pancreatic or pancreato or pacreatico), (intraductal papillary mucinous), and (neoplasm or tumor or carcinoma or cancer).

Results:
A total of 83 cases and 119 organs were identified in 54 articles. Affected organs were as follows: the stomach (34%), duodenum (30%), bile duct (25%), colon (5%), small intestine (3%), spleen (2%), portal vein (1%), and chest wall (1%). Fistula formation into multiple organs was detected in 35% of cases. Approximately one-third of the cases had tumor invasion around the fistula. MD and mixed type IPMN accounted for 82% of cases. IPMN with high-grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma were over three times more common than IPMN without these components.

Discussion and conclusion:
Based on the pathological examination of the surgical specimen, this case was diagnosed of MD-IPMN with invasive carcinoma and mechanical penetration or autodigestion was considered as the mechanism of fistula formation. Given the high risk of malignant transformation and intraductal dissemination of the tumor cells, aggressive surgical strategies, such as total pancreatectomy, should be recommended to achieve complete resection for MD-IPMN with fistula formation.
An update: maternal iodine supplementation, thyroid function tests, and child neurodevelopmental outcomes
Authors: Nguyen Caroline T. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review
The impact of maternal iodine supplementation (MIS) during pregnancy on thyroid function and child neurodevelopmental outcomes in areas of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency (MMID) remains unclear.

Recent findings
Despite growing success of salt iodization programs, a 2022 meta-analysis found that 53% of pregnant patients worldwide continue to have insufficient iodine intake during pregnancy. A 2021 randomized controlled trial (RCT) found that MIS in women with mild iodine deficiency led to iodine sufficiency and positive effects on maternal thyroglobulin. A 2021 cohort study of MIS initiated prior to pregnancy was associated with lower thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), higher FT3, and FT4. Other cohort studies, however, found that neither salt iodization nor MIS were adequate to meet pregnancy iodine needs. Data have been mixed regarding maternal iodine status and pregnancy outcomes in patients of MMID. Meta-analyses have not shown any clear benefit on infant neurocognitive outcomes with MIS of MMID patients. A 2023 meta-analysis found that the prevalence of excess iodine intake in pregnancy was 52%.

Summary
MMID continues to exist during pregnancy. Salt iodization alone may be insufficient to ensure adequate iodine status during pregnancy. There is an absence of high-quality data to support routine MIS in areas of MMID. However, patients with specialized diets (vegan, nondairy, no seafood, noniodized salt, and so on) may be at risk for inadequate iodine status in pregnancy. Excess iodine intake can be detrimental to the fetus and should be avoided during pregnancy.
A Case of Rectal Dissemination of Gastric Cancer Diagnosed by Simultaneous 18F-FDG PET/MRI
Authors: Zeng Feiya , Zeng Feibi , Sugiyama Naoki , Nogami Munenobu , Murakami Takamichi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Metastatic rectal cancer is rare and difficult to differentiate from primary rectal cancer. A 79-year-old man with a rectal mass detected by CT during postoperative follow-up of gastric cancer underwent 18F-FDG PET/MRI. Fused PET/MRI images revealed a lower FDG uptake within the mass, which appeared to surround the outside of the rectum, than in the rectal wall, suggesting rectal dissemination of gastric cancer. PET/MRI was useful for differentiating between mass and rectal wall uptake, because of the high contrast resolution of MRI and precise image fusion made possible by simultaneous image acquisition.