bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities in receiving disease‐directed therapy, allogeneic stem cell transplantation in non‐Hispanic Black patients with TP53‐mutated acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Badar Talha , Litzow Mark R. , Shallis Rory M. , Patel Anand , Saliba Antoine N. , Burkart Madelyn , Bewersdorf Jan P. , Stahl Maximilian , De Camargo Correia Guilherme Sacchi , Guru Murthy Guru Subramanian , Abaza Yasmin , Duvall Adam , Bradshaw Danielle , Kota Vamsi , Dinner Shira , Goldberg Aaron D. , Palmisiano Neil , Al Kali Aref , Atallah Ehab 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the clinical outcomes of patients with TP53‐mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are dismal, subsets of patients eligible for curative‐intent therapies may fare better. Because racial disparities are known to affect outcome in hematologic malignancies, the authors sought to explore disparities among patients with TP53‐mutated AML.MethodsA multicenter, retrospective study was conducted in a cohort of 340 patients who had TP53‐mutated AML (275 non‐Hispanic White [NHW] and 65 non‐Hispanic Black [NHB]) to analyze differences in treatment and outcome among NHW and NHB patients.ResultsThe median patient age was comparable between NHW and NHB patients (p = .76). A higher proportion of NHB patients had therapy‐related AML (31% vs. 20%; p = .08) and had co‐mutations (74% vs. 61%; p = .06). A higher proportion of NHW patients received intensive chemotherapy compared with NHB patients (47% vs. 31%; p = .02). Conversely, a higher proportion of NHB patients received low‐intensity chemotherapy (9% vs. 5.5%; p = .02) or best supportive care (22% vs. 7%; p < .001). The complete response rate (including complete responses with or without complete count recovery) was 31% versus 24.5% (p = .39) in NHW and NHB patients, respectively. Only 5% of NHB patients received allogeneic stem cell transplantation compared with 15.5% of NHW patients (p = .02). The proportion of patients who were event‐free (18.5% vs. 8.5%; p = .49) or who remained alive (24.9% vs. 8.3%; p = .13) at 18 months was numerically higher in NHW versus NHB patients, respectively, but was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe current study highlights disparities between NHW and NHB patients with TP53‐mutated AML. Efforts are warranted to eliminate treatment disparities in minority populations.
Tris(β‐ketoiminate) Aluminium(III) Compounds as Aluminium Oxide Precursors
Authors: Douglas Samuel P. , Faria Erica N. , Mrig Shreya , Zhou Ye , Santoni Leonardo , Clancy Adam J. , Knapp Caroline E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrecursor design is the crucial step in tailoring the deposition profile towards a multitude of functional materials. Most commercially available aluminium oxide precursors require high processing temperatures (>500 °C). Herein, we report the tuning of the decomposition profile (200–350 °C) of a range of octahedrally coordinated tris(β‐ketoiminate) aluminium complexes of the type [Al(MeCN(R)CHC=OMe)3], by varying the R substituents in the ligands. The complexes are derived from the reaction of trimethylamine alane (TMAA) and a series of N‐substituted β‐ketoiminate ligands (R‐acnacH, R=Me, Et, iPr, Ph) with varying R‐substituents sizes. When the more sterically encumbered ligand (R=Mes) was used, the Al atom became five‐coordinate, therefore representing the threshold to octahedral coordination around the metal in these type of compounds, which, consequently, lead to a change of decomposition profile. The resulting compounds have been characterised by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. [Al(MeCN(Me)CHC=OMe)3] has been used as a single source precursor for the deposition of Al2O3. Thin films were deposited via aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD), with toluene as the solvent, and were analysed using SEM, EDX and XPS.
CRISPR‐Cas9 Genome Editing and Rapid Selection of Cell Pools
Authors: Stoyko Daniel , O Timothy , Hernandez Adrianna , Konstantinidou Parthena , Meng Qingcai , Haase Astrid D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe harnessing of the CRISPR‐Cas9 system allows for quick and inexpensive genome editing in tissue culture models. Traditional CRISPR‐Cas9 genome editing techniques rely on the ability of single progenitor cells to expand into new pools in a process known as clonal expansion. This is a significant technical challenge that is difficult to overcome for nontransformed cell culture models such as Drosophila ovarian somatic sheath cells (OSCs). OSCs are a unique ex vivo model for epigenetic regulation by PIWI‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) that establish restriction of mobile genetic elements in germ cells to protect genome integrity. Here, we provide a protocol to generate endogenously tagged proteins and gene knockouts without the need for clonal selection. We combine CRISPR‐Cas genome editing and knockin of antibiotic selection markers to generate edited cell pools. At the example of Drosophila piwi in OSCs, we demonstrate a strategy that relies on the insertion of an artificial intron to accommodate a selection marker with minimal disturbance of the resulting mRNA. In brief, our donor cassette contains a peptide tag and an optimized intron that accommodates a selection marker driven by an independent promoter on the other genomic strand. The selection marker is transcribed as an independent mRNA, and the intron is efficiently removed from the mRNA encoding the endogenously tagged (endo‐tagged) piwi gene. The endo‐tagged Piwi protein is expressed at wild‐type levels and appropriately localizes to the nucleus of OSCs. We also describe strategies for C‐terminal tagging and generation of knockout alleles in OSCs and in human embryonic kidney cells, discuss different design strategies, and provide a plasmid toolkit (available at Addgene). Our protocol enables robust genome editing in OSCs for the first time and provides a simple and time‐saving alternative for other cell culture systems. Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.Basic Protocol 1: Design and cloning of single‐guide RNA plasmidsBasic Protocol 2: Design and cloning of donor template plasmids for epitope taggingAlternate Protocol: Design and cloning of donor template plasmids for gene knockoutBasic Protocol 3: Transfection and selection of edited cell pools
A quadratic step‐up dc‐dc converter with high gain, reduced voltage stress, and component counts
Authors: Karimi Hajiabadi Mostafa , Lahooti Eshkevari Alireza , Abdoli Iman , Mosallanejad Ali , Salemnia Ahmad 
Published: December 2022

SummaryIt is safe to say that the topic of step‐up dc–dc converters is one of the most popular issues in power electronics. Since the demand for high‐gain and high‐efficiency converters with optimal component counts has increased drastically, more new step‐up topologies have been innovated. Continuing past efforts, the paper proposes a new single‐switch non‐isolated step‐up dc–dc converter based on the basic quadratic boost converter (QBC). High boost factor, high efficiency, continuous input current, reduced voltage stresses on the switch and power diodes, and an appropriate required number of elements compared to the obtained boost factor are the most significant achievements of this topology, which satisfy most of the essential design goals. Compared to the basic QBC, the voltage gain has been increased five times further by integrating a new coupled inductor–capacitor‐based impedance network into the basic quadratic circuit. In this article, the theory and operating principle of the topology for both continuous and discontinuous current modes (CCM and DCM) are discussed in detail. To verify the theory, experimental results are also presented. Results show that the converter has reached 12 times gain, about 95% efficiency, and up to one‐third less voltage stresses on semiconductors.
Make diversity, bias training a positive experience
Authors: Sutton Halley 
Published: December 2022

LAS VEGAS — “This is a training about how to make diversity training and bias training palatable to law enforcement,” Lewis Eakins, Ph.D., CPP, Vice President for Public Safety and Emergency Management at Ivy Tech Community College in Indiana, said. Eakins spoke at the recent annual conference for the International Association of Campus Law Enforcement Administrators.
Associations between visceral adiposity index and incident nephropathy outcomes in diabetic patients: Insights from the ACCORD trial
Authors: Zhou Chun , Zhang Yanjun , Yang Sisi , He Panpan , Wu Qimeng , Ye Ziliang , Liu Mengyi , Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Rui , Liu Chengzhang , Jiang Jianping , Hou Fan Fan , Nie Jing , Qin Xianhui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsVisceral adiposity index (VAI) was a reliable marker for visceral adiposity accumulation and dysfunction. The association between VAI and nephropathy outcomes remains uncertain in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We aimed to evaluate the longitudinal relationships between VAI and incident nephropathy outcomes in T2DM patients.Materials and MethodsTen thousand one hundred and thirty two participants with T2DM from the ACCORD trial were included in the present study. Cumulative average VAI based on VAI measurements at baseline and follow‐up was used to represent long‐term VAI status. The primary outcome was the incident composite nephropathy outcome defined as: (1) serum creatinine doubling or >20 ml/min decrease in eGFR; or (2) development of macro‐albuminuria; or (3) renal failure or end stage kidney disease (dialysis) or serum creatinine >3.3 mg/dl.ResultsDuring 26,168 person‐years follow‐up duration, 6094 (60.1%) participants developed the incident composite nephropathy outcome. When assessing cumulative average VAI as quartiles, compared with those in the 1–2 quartiles (<2.6), a significantly higher risk of incident composite nephropathy outcomes was observed among participants in the 3–4 quartiles (≥2.6, adjusted HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.18). Moreover, the positive association was consistent in participants with or without single abnormal VAI components, including general obesity, abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, and low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, or with different numbers of abnormal VAI components. Additionally, the positive association was stronger in participants with cumulative average systolic blood pressure <130 mmHg (vs. ≥130 mmHg; p‐interaction < 0.001).ConclusionsIn T2DM patients, higher cumulative average VAI was associated with a higher risk of incident composite nephropathy outcomes.Clinical Trial Registrationclinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT00000620
Food resource uncertainty shapes the fitness consequences of early spring onset in capital and income breeding migratory birds
Authors: Ejsmond Anna , Ejsmond Maciej Jan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDue to climate change, the timing of spring arrival and nesting onset in many migratory bird species have advanced. Earlier spring onsets prolong the available breeding period but can also deteriorate local conditions, leading to increased temporal variation in resource availability. This interaction between phenological shifts in nesting onset and short‐term temporal variation in food gain has unknown consequences for fitness of migratory bird species. We model two contrasting breeding strategies to investigate the fitness consequences of stochastically fluctuating food gain and storing of energetic reserves for reproduction. The model was inspired by the biology of common eiders (Somateria mollissima), which store extensive reserves prior to egg laying and incubation (capital breeding strategy), and king eiders (S. spectabilis), which continue to forage during nesting (income breeding strategy). For capital breeders, foraging prior to breeding increases energy reserves and clutch size, but for both strategies, postponing nesting reduces the chances of recruitment. We found that in scenarios with early spring onset, the average number of recruits produced by capital breeders was higher under conditions of stochastic rather than deterministic food gain. This is because under highly variable daily food gain, individuals successful in obtaining food can produce large clutches early in the season. However, income breeders do not build up reserve buffers; consequently, their fitness is always reduced, when food availability fluctuates. For both modeled strategies, resource uncertainty had only a minor effect on the timing of nesting onset. Our work shows that the fitness consequences of global changes in breeding season onset depend on the level of uncertainty in food intake and the degree to which reserves are used to fuel the reproductive effort. We predict that among migratory bird species producing one clutch per year, capital breeders are more resilient to climate‐induced changes in spring phenology than income breeders.
The response of litter decomposition to extreme drought modified by plant species, plant part, and soil depth in a temperate grassland
Authors: Seres Anikó , Kröel‐Dulay György , Szakálas Judit , Nagy Péter István , Boros Gergely , Ónodi Gábor , Kertész Miklós , Szitár Katalin , Mojzes Andrea 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPlant litter decomposition is a key ecosystem process in carbon and nutrient cycling, and is heavily affected by changing climate. While the direct effects of drought on decomposition are widely studied, in order to better predict the overall drought effect, indirect effects associated with various drought‐induced changes in ecosystems should also be quantified. We studied the effect of an extreme (5‐month) experimental drought on decomposition, and if this effect varies with two dominant perennial grasses, plant parts (leaves vs. roots), and soil depths (0–5 cm vs. 10–15 cm) in a semi‐arid temperate grassland. After 12 months, the average litter mass loss was 43.5% in the control plots, while only 25.7% in the drought plots. Overall, mass loss was greater for leaves (44.3%) compared to roots (24.9%), and for Festuca vaginata (38.6%) compared to Stipa borysthenica (30.5%). This variation was consistent with the observed differences in nitrogen and lignin content between plant parts and species. Mass loss was greater for deep soil (42.8%) than for shallow soil (26.4%). Collectively, these differences in decomposition between the two species, plant parts, and soil depths were similar in magnitude to direct drought effect. Drought induces multiple changes in ecosystems, and our results highlight that these changes may in turn modify decomposition. We conclude that for a reliable estimate of decomposition rates in an altered climate, not only direct but also indirect climatic effects should be considered, such as those arising from changing species dominance, root‐to‐shoot ratio, and rooting depth.
Urbanization increases fluctuating asymmetry and affects behavioral traits of a common grasshopper
Authors: Rech Florian , Narimanov Nijat , Bauer Tobias , Schirmel Jens 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUrbanization has a major impact on biodiversity. For many organisms, the urbanization process means environmental stress caused by fragmentation and increased temperatures in cities and atmospheric, soil, light, and noise pollution. Such environmental stress can influence both the morphology and behavior of animals. Hence, individuals might be selected for survival‐facilitating traits under high pressures in urban areas. The specific impact of urbanization on insect behavior is still largely unexplored. We studied the impact of urbanization on one of the most common grasshopper species in Germany, Chorthippus biguttulus, by comparing morphological and behavioral traits of individuals sampled from grasslands with low, medium, and high urbanization levels. We first investigated whether urbanization as a stressor affected body size and fluctuating asymmetry in the locomotor organs. Next, we examined whether urbanization induced changes in the individuals' boldness and activity. Our results showed that fluctuating asymmetry of grasshoppers' locomotory organs increased more than twofold with urbanization level. Further, individuals' boldness and walking activity increased from areas with low to high urbanization levels. Our results indicate strong responses of grasshoppers in terms of morphology and behavior to the urban environment. To compensate for urbanization effects on arthropod populations, management strategies need to be developed that maintain ecological processes and reduce environmental stress in urban areas.
Phylogenetic and functional constraints of plant facilitation rewiring
Authors: Sánchez‐Martín Ricardo , Verdú Miguel , Montesinos‐Navarro Alicia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFacilitative interactions bind community species in intricate ecological networks, preserving species that would otherwise be lost. The traditional understanding of ecological networks as static components of biological communities overlooks the fact that species interactions in a network can fluctuate. Analyzing the patterns that cause those shifts can reveal the principles that govern the identity of pairwise interactions and whether they are predictable based on the traits of the interacting species and the local environmental contexts in which they occur. Here we explore how abiotic stress and phylogenetic and functional affinities constrain those shifts. Specifically, we hypothesize that rewiring the facilitative interactions is more limited in stressful than in mild environments. We present evidence of a distinct pattern in the rewiring of facilitation‐driven communities at different stress levels. In highly stressful environments with a firm reliance on facilitation, rewiring is limited to growing beneath nurse species with traits to overcome harsh stressful conditions. However, when environments are milder, rewiring is more flexible, although it is still constrained to nurses that are close relatives. Understanding the ability of species to rewire their interactions is crucial for predicting how communities may respond to the unprecedented rate of perturbations on Earth.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Mediated Sulfur Extrusion of Disulfides
Authors: Galow Alexander P. , Rominger Frank , Mastalerz Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe sulfur extrusion from organic disulfides is a highly useful reaction recognised for the first time over 40 years ago. Unfortunately, it is mainly performed by aminophosphines, such as hexamethylphosphorus triamine, which is known to be very carcinogenic. This limits the application of the extrusion reaction especially for the synthesis of pharmaceutical products. We have developed a new method, using N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), generated from the corresponding stable imidazolium salts in combination with a base to transform a broad scope of benzylic disulfides to thioethers. In addition disulfide containing esters as well as cystine undergo this reaction.
Mechanochemical Radical Boronation of Aryl Diazonium Salts Promoted by Sodium Chloride
Authors: Andrejčák Samuel , Kisszékelyi Péter , Májek Michal , Šebesta Radovan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractArylboronates are helpful building blocks in organic synthesis. Here, we present an efficient mechanochemical synthesis of arylboronates from arene diazonium salts. Importantly, this transformation was significantly enhanced by sodium chloride, which probably promotes the decomposition of diazonium salts via anion exchange. Chloride anions also participate in the formation of strongly reducing Cl−B anion radical intermediate that promotes radical chain reaction. The reaction proceeds more efficiently with a small amount of polar solvent as a liquid‐assisted grinding additive. Quantum chemical calculations support the mechanistic proposal.
Cooperation and energy harvesting based spectrum sensing schemes for green cognitive radio networks
Authors: Srivastava Akanksha , Kaur Gurjit 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCognitive radio network (CRNs) with energy harvesting approach to identify unused spectrum bands and utilize them opportunistically is observed as an evolving technology to handle spectrum scarcity problems. In CRNs, the secondary users (SUs) continuously sense the primary user's (PUs) spectrum to secure the data transmission of PUs and to access the vacant PU's spectrum for their data transmission. For designing future green networks, it is essential that the spectrum sensing process must be accurate, rapid, and energy‐efficient. Therefore, in this work, three sensing schemes are proposed. The first is a cooperation‐based joint cooperation spectrum sensing (JCSS) scheme in which the cooperative CRNs permit the SUs, working in an identical band, to cooperate, and this cooperation approach decreases sensing time and improves sensing probability for vacant spectrum. The result shows that the sensing probability for a vacant spectrum is increased by 34%. The proposed JCSS scheme considers the inherent asymmetry property of the network; therefore, it helps to improve the overall rapidity gain of the networks. The other two proposed sensing schemes, preset spectrum sensing (PSS) and viscous spectrum sensing (VSS), are based on energy harvesting that analyzes the percentage of energy‐saving for various states. The suggested schemes are better in terms of scalability because, in these schemes, it is not essential to sense all spectrums, which leads to a reduction in sensing time.
Nutritional and bioactive characteristics of buckwheat, and its potential for developing gluten‐free products: An updated overview
Authors: Sofi Sajad Ahmad , Ahmed Naseer , Farooq Asmat , Rafiq Shafiya , Zargar Sajad Majeed , Kamran Fozia , Dar Tanveer Ali , Mir Shabir Ahmad , Dar B. N. , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the present era, food scientists are concerned about exploiting functional crops with nutraceutical properties. Buckwheat is one of the functional pseudocereals with nutraceutical components used in the treatment of health‐related diseases, malnutrition, and celiac diseases. As a preferred diet as a gluten‐free product for celiac diseases, buckwheat is a good source of nutrients, bioactive components, phytochemicals, and antioxidants. The general characteristics and better nutritional profile of buckwheat than other cereal family crops were highlighted by previous investigations. In buckwheats, bioactive components like peptides, flavonoids, phenolic acids,d‐fagomine, fagopyritols, and fagopyrins are posing significant health benefits. This study highlights the current knowledge about buckwheat and its characteristics, nutritional constituents, bioactive components, and their potential for developing gluten‐free products to target celiac people (1.4% of the world population) and other health‐related diseases.
Progress and challenges of mRNA vaccines
Authors: Lin Liangru , Pei Yusheng , Li Zhou , Luo Dan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMessenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines are third‐generation nucleic acid vaccines developed after first‐generation inactivated and live‐attenuated vaccines and second‐generation subunit and viral vector vaccines, characterized by a rapid response to pathogen mutation, simple production process, and high production capacity. The basic mechanism through which mRNA vaccines provide immune protection is the introduction into the body of mRNA expressing a target antigen through a specific delivery system and expression of the corresponding protein in vivo, which stimulates a specific immunological response. Multiple mRNA vaccine platforms against infectious diseases and cancers have shown encouraging results in both animal models and human subjects; in particular, mRNA vaccines against COVID‐19 have been widely adopted around the world. However, the development of mRNA vaccines has not been straightforward. The rapid progress of mRNA vaccines would not have been possible without major recent advances in innate immune sensing and in vivo delivery strategies. Creative research in mRNA design, lipid/polymer/novel nanocarrier development, and coupling to wearable/implantable electrostimulation medical devices may drive the evolution of mRNA vaccines.