bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hydrodynamics of jet propulsion swimming in hatchling and juvenile European common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis
Authors: Gladman Nicholas W. , Askew Graham N. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Cuttlefish swim using jet propulsion, taking a small volume of fluid into the mantle cavity before it is expelled through the siphon to generate thrust. Jet propulsion swimming has been shown to be more metabolically expensive than undulatory swimming, which has been suggested to be due to the lower efficiency of jet propulsion. The whole-cycle propulsive efficiency of cephalopod molluscs ranges from 38 to 76%, indicating that in some instances jet propulsion can be relatively efficient. Here, we determined the hydrodynamics of hatchling and juvenile cuttlefish during jet propulsion swimming to understand the characteristics of their jets, and whether their whole-cycle propulsive efficiency changes during development. Cuttlefish were found to utilise two jet types: isolated jet vortices (termed jet mode I) and elongated jets (leading edge vortex ring followed by a trailing jet; termed jet mode II). The use of these jet modes differed between the age classes, with newly hatched animals nearly exclusively utilising mode I jets, while juveniles showed no strong preferences. Whole-cycle propulsive efficiency was found to be high, ranging from 72 to 80%, and did not differ between age classes. During development, Strouhal number decreased as Reynolds number increased, which is consistent with animals adjusting their jetting behaviour in order to maximise whole-cycle propulsive efficiency and locomotor performance. Although jet propulsion swimming can have a relatively high energetic cost, in cuttlefish and nautilus, both neutrally buoyant species, the whole-cycle propulsive efficiency is actually relatively high.
A Dual Protective Drug Delivery System Based on Lipid Coated Core-Shell Mesoporous Silica for Efficient Delivery of Cabazitaxel to Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Mohanan Shan , Sathish C I , Adams Thomas J , Kan Stanislav , Liang Mingtao , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Many advancements are happening in drug delivery to develop an excellent nanocarrier to deliver drugs to target sites bypassing clinical barriers, thereby improving cellular uptake. Lipid coating on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) has significantly reduced the drawbacks of many MSNs and increased their compatibility. This study reports a dual protective acid stimuli-responsive lipid-coated core-shell mesoporous silica nanoparticle (CSMS) conjugated with cabazitaxel showing better drug release, cell uptake, and cytotoxicity, and suitability in the prostate cancer (PC-3) cell line. Initially, monodispersed CSMS were conjugated with cabazitaxel (CBZ) through a hydrazone linker (CBZ@Hy-CSMS), proving its appropriate use in designing a stimuli-responsive system. In the second part, CBZ-conjugated CSMS was coated with a lipid layer (L-CBZ@Hy-CSMS) by the liposome fusion method. The presented dual protective CSMS system showed a significant increase in drug delivery at pH 5.4 compared to 7.4, with a drastic decrease in premature drug release when exposed to pH 7.4. The lipid-coated CSMS showed excellent biocompatibility and better cellular uptake with enhanced cell cytotoxicity in PC-3 cancer cells as compared to the uncoated CSMS. CSMS with a lipid coating combined with a stimuli-responsive system could improve the therapeutic delivery and treatment difficulties in many other cell lines and diseases.
Concatenated 16S rRNA sequence analysis improves bacterial taxonomy
Authors: Paul Bobby 
Published: September 2023

Background: Microscopic, biochemical, molecular, and computer-based approaches are extensively used to identify and classify bacterial populations. Advances in DNA sequencing and bioinformatics workflows have facilitated sophisticated genome-based methods for microbial taxonomy although sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene is widely employed to identify and classify bacterial communities as a cost-effective and single-gene approach. However, the 16S rRNA sequence-based species identification accuracy is limited because of the occurrence of multiple copies of the 16S rRNA gene and higher sequence identity between closely related species. The availability of the genomes of several bacterial species provided an opportunity to develop comprehensive species-specific 16S rRNA reference libraries. Methods: Sequences of the 16S rRNA genes were retrieved from the whole genomes available in the Genome databases. With defined criteria, four 16S rRNA gene copy variants were concatenated to develop a species-specific reference library. The sequence similarity search was performed with a web-based BLAST program, and MEGA software was used to construct the phylogenetic tree. Results: Using this approach, species-specific 16S rRNA gene libraries were developed for four closely related Streptococcus species (S. gordonii, S. mitis, S. oralis, and S. pneumoniae). Sequence similarity and phylogenetic analysis using concatenated 16S rRNA copies yielded better resolution than single gene copy approaches. Conclusions: The approach is very effective in classifying genetically closely related bacterial species and may reduce misclassification of bacterial species and genome assemblies.
Protocol for the evaluation of cyclin D1 expression in tumor tissue and surgical margins in oral squamous cell carcinoma – a retrospective study
Authors: CHAVHAN ANKITA , Patil Swati , Gawande Madhuri , Hande Alka , Sonone Archana , Pakhale Aayushi 
Published: September 2023

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant epithelial tumor with poor prognosis. There is an increase in the proliferation of epithelial cells in OSCC which is control by cell cycle regulators like Cyclin D1. Cyclin D1 is linked to a poor prognosis for patients, including aggressive malignancies, recurrence, protracted remission, etc. To evaluate Cyclin D1 immunoexpression in different grades and surgical margins in OSCC. All tissue sections will be processed for Cyclin D1 IHC. After that light microscopic evaluation of Cyclin D1 expression was classified as weak (scoring 1-4), moderate (score 5-8), or strong based on a final expression score that was obtained by multiplying the labelling index score by the intensity score (score 9–12). The present study will find the immunohistochemical expression of Cyclin D1 in OSCC. There will be variation in the immunoexpression of Cyclin D1 among different grades of OSCC its surgical margin and normal oral mucosa. We hypothesize that: As the disease condition goes towards poor grade, intensity of cyclin D1 expression immunohistochemically may increase. Hence, the intensity can be used as a prognostic marker.
Histomorphometric analysis of angiogenesis in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma associated with oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Hande Alka , Sonone Archana , Gawande Madhuri , Patil Swati , Pakhale Aayushi , Durge Shelley 
Published: September 2023

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), now worldwide acknowledged as the disease of “Southeast Asia and Indian subcontinent”, has the utmost malignant transformation prevalence amongst oral precancerous disorders. Increased vascularity that is neoangiogenesis has been observed in the superficial connective tissue region of pre-cancerous lesions showing dysplasia. This could be an initial occurrence of the carcinogenesis process. The aim of this study will be to analyse neoangiogenesis by examining immunoexpression of CD105 in OSMF, and OSCC with OSMF cases. Methods: The project will comprise 30 normal oral mucosa samples (group I), 30 clinicopathologically diagnosed cases of OSMF (group II), and on the basis of association of OSMF, 30 surgically operated and histopathologically diagnosed cases of OSCC associated with OSMF (group III). Hematoxylin and eosin stains will be used for routine staining procedures and immunohistochemistry for the expression of CD105. Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) cases of OSMF will be categorized into two groups, low-risk epithelial dysplasia (LRED) and high-risk epithelial dysplasia (HRED). The micro vessel density (MVD), total microvessel area (TVA), and mean microvessel area (MVA) are within and surrounding the tumor tissue sections immunostained with the CD105 antibody will be determined. ANOVA will be applied for evaluation of the mean scores of MVD, TVA, and MVA of groups II and III. The obtained score will be compared with different parameters of OSCC (TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and histopathological grades). Conclusions: We postulate the progressively increased vascularity with the disease progression from LRED to HRED and further its transformation to invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma This increased vascularity will be evident by enhanced MVD, TVA and mean MVA, which is expressed by CD105 immunoexpression. This observation will emphasize the significance of neoangiogenesis in cases of OSMF with epithelial dysplasia and its further progression to OSCC.
Choice of bead-beater instrument can result in significant differences in the outcome of host-associated microbiome studies
Authors: Chauhan Ashvini , Chukwujindu Christian , Pathak Ashish 
Published: September 2023

Background: Accurate assessment of the abundance and composition of microbial assemblages in a complex environmental sample depends on the successful lysis of microbial cells, for which bead-beating is typically used. In this study, we compared two commonly used bead beaters, FastPrep and the Bead Ruptor Elite, for their ability to lyse the eastern-oyster-associated bacterial communities over three different time points. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from homogenized oyster samples using two different lysis equipment: the MSP FastPrep and the Bead Ruptor Elite. The V4-V5 variable regions of microbial small subunit ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) genes were PCR-amplified and sequenced using Illumina Miseq, obtained sequences were bioinformatically processed using QIIME2 and the MicrobiomeAnalyst pipeline. Results: We found that the oyster samples were mostly populated by Proteobacteria phyla, regardless of lysis method. Additionally, the samples isolated by the FastPrep lysis method also harbored Firmicutes and Bacteroidota, which were not identified in the samples treated with the Bead Ruptor Elite lysis equipment. Differences were more obvious at the genus level, such that Delftia genus dominated at 80-85% when the lysis was performed using the FastPrep method. Conversely, 80-90% of the microbial abundances in the Bead Ruptor Elite-treated samples belonged to Burkholderia spp. Diversity and evenness estimates revealed that the FastPrep-treated samples were 40% more diverse and 70% more evenly distributed relative to the Bead Ruptor Elite method. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) led to a distinct separation of the bacterial communities retrieved from the two lysis methods. Conclusions: Overall, this study shows that two different lysis protocols can yield significantly different microbial taxa from the same sample; thus, researchers need to be cognizant of DNA extraction process being followed for metagenomics studies, especially those that involve host tissues containing high amounts of mucous and other PCR inhibitory materials.
Barriers to access health facilities: a self-reported cross-sectional study of women in India
Authors: Das Aakashdeep , Chakraborty Sayantan , Imani Ali , Golestani Mina , Ajmera Puneeta , Majeed Jaseela , Carlerby Heidi , Dalal Koustuv 
Published: September 2023

Background: Accessing healthcare facilities by the women is one of the biggest challenges in the low- and middle-income countries. The present study aimed to understand the barriers to access health facilities for women in India and examine the various determinants that interplay healthcare accessing behaviour among women in India. Methods: The study utilised the Indian National Family Health Survey 4 data from all the 29 member states and seven union territories and performed cross-tabulations with chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression. Results: The disparity in access to health facilities for Indian women still exists for minorities and lower-income groups. Women aged 40+, living in urban areas, belonging to rich families, and women who hold bank accounts have shown better access to healthcare facilities. Women’s education was an important factor for accessing healthcare facilities. Conclusions: This significant difference in the rate of healthcare utilization among women suggests that it may contribute to more prevalent and severe health decrements among the disadvantaged group. It is also worth mentioning that the cultural and educational differences in health measures may further explain women's low utilization of healthcare facilities. Women's experiences regarding access to healthcare facilities raise essential questions about policymakers’ priorities that increasingly allow women and their families to bear the brunt of poverty and poor health.
That’s Incorrect and Let Me Tell You Why: A Scalable Assessment to Evaluate Higher Order Thinking Skills
Authors: Maclean Kyle D. S. , Bayley Tiffany 
Published: September 2023

We introduce a novel type of assessment that allows for efficient grading of higher order thinking skills. In this assessment, a student reviews and corrects a technical memo that has errors in its formulation or process. To overcome the grading challenges imposed by essay-type responses in large undergraduate courses, we provide a Visual Basic for Applications Excel tool for instructors, ensuring efficient grading of student submissions. We report our experience using this type of assessment in a multisection introductory business analytics course over several years and present survey-based evidence indicating that students perceive it to be clear and beneficial for learning. Supplemental Material: Data is available at https://www.informs.org/Publications/Subscribe/Access-Restricted-Materials
Do Noisy Customer Reviews Discourage Platform Sellers? Empirical Analysis of an Online Solar Marketplace
Authors: Huang Herbie , Sunar Nur , Swaminathan Jayashankar M. , Roy Rahul 
Published: September 2023

Problem definition: Customer reviews are essential to online marketplaces. However, reviews typically vary; ratings of a product or service are rarely the same. In many service marketplaces, including the ones for solar panel installations, supply-side participants are active. That is, a seller must make a proposal to serve each customer. In such marketplaces, it is not clear how (or if) the dispersion in customer reviews affects the seller activity level and number of matches in the marketplace. Our paper examines this by considering both ratings and text reviews. To our knowledge, this is the first paper that empirically studies how the review dispersion affects a seller’s activity level and the number of matches in an online marketplace with active sellers. Distinct from literature, we examine the relationship between the review dispersion and supply-side activities in an online service marketplace. Methodology/results: We collaborated with one of the largest online solar marketplaces in the United States that connects potential solar panel adopters with installers. We obtained a unique data set from the marketplace for 2013 − 2018. We complement this with public data sets. Our analysis uses traditional econometrics methods, a clustering method, and the deep-learning-based natural-language-processing model BERT developed by Google AI. We find that the dispersion in customer reviews has a significant and inverted U-shaped relationship with an installer’s marketplace activity level. Intuitively, a marketplace operator would favor having more sellers with perfect ratings. In contrast, we identify a significant and inverted U-shaped relationship between the market-level review dispersion and transactions. Managerial implications: Our paper provides key insights to marketplace operators and sellers. We find that in contrast to general belief, an operator can improve its market transactions by keeping/promoting sellers with low ratings or avoiding (negative) review filtering. Furthermore, sellers’ implementation of “rating gating” to avoid negative reviews may backfire for them by reducing their matches. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.0104 .
Four weeks versus six weeks of immobilization in a cast following closed reduction for displaced distal radial fractures in adult patients: a multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: van Delft Eva A. K. , van Bruggen Suus G. J. , van Stralen Karlijn J. , Bloemers Frank W. , Sosef Nico L. , Schep Niels W. L. , Vermeulen Jefrey 
Published: September 2023

AimsThere is no level I evidence dealing with the optimal period of immobilization for patients with a displaced distal radial fracture following closed reduction. A shorter period might lead to a better functional outcome due to less stiffness and pain. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this period could be safely reduced from six to four weeks.MethodsThis multicentre randomized controlled trial (RCT) included adult patients with a displaced distal radial fracture, who were randomized to be treated with immobilization in a cast for four or six weeks following closed reduction. The primary outcome measure was the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) score after follow-up at one year. Secondary outcomes were the abbreviated version of the Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) score after one year, the functional outcome at six weeks, 12 weeks, and six months, range of motion (ROM), the level of pain after removal of the cast, and complications.ResultsA total of 100 patients (15 male, 85 female) were randomized, with 49 being treated with four weeks of immobilization in a cast. A total of 93 completed follow-up. The mean PRWE score after one year was 6.9 (SD 8.3) in the four-week group compared with 11.6 (SD 14.3) in the six-week group. However, this difference of -4.7 (95% confidence interval -9.29 to 0.14) was not clinically relevant as the minimal clinically important difference of 11.5 was not reached. There was no significant difference in the ROM, radiological outcome, level of pain, or complications.ConclusionIn adult patients with a displaced and adequately reduced distal radial fracture, immobilization in a cast for four weeks is safe, and the results are similar to those after a period of immobilization of six weeks.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(9):993–999.
Time to return to work by occupational class after total hip or knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kamp Tamara , Gademan Maaike G. J. , van Zon Sander K. R. , Nelissen Rob G. H. H. , Vliet Vlieland Thea P. M. , Stevens Martin , Brouwer Sandra 
Published: September 2023

AimsFor the increasing number of working-age patients undergoing total hip or total knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA), return to work (RTW) after surgery is crucial. We investigated the association between occupational class and time to RTW after THA or TKA.MethodsData from the prospective multicentre Longitudinal Leiden Orthopaedics Outcomes of Osteoarthritis Study were used. Questionnaires were completed preoperatively and six and 12 months postoperatively. Time to RTW was defined as days from surgery until RTW (full or partial). Occupational class was preoperatively assessed and categorized into four categories according to the International Standard Classification of Occupations 2008 (blue-/white-collar, high-/low-skilled). Cox regression analyses were conducted separately for THA and TKA patients. Low-skilled blue-collar work was used as the reference category.ResultsA total of 360 THA and 276 TKA patients, preoperatively employed, were included. Patients were mainly high-skilled (THA 57%; TKA 41%) or low-skilled (THA 24%; TKA 38%) white-collar workers. Six months post-THA, RTW rates were 78% of low-skilled blue-collar workers compared to 83% to 86% within other occupational classes, increasing after 12 months to 87% to 90% in all occupational classes. Six months post-TKA, RTW rates were 58% of low-skilled and 64% of high-skilled blue-collar workers compared to 80% to 89% of white-collar workers, and after 12 months 79% of low-skilled blue-collar workers compared to 87% to 92% within other occupational classes. High-skilled white-collar workers (THA: hazard ratio (HR) 2.12 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32 to 3.40); TKA: HR 2.31 (95% CI 1.34 to 4.00)) and low-skilled white-collar workers (TKA: HR 1.82 (95% CI 1.04 to 3.18)) had a higher hazard to RTW within six months postoperatively.ConclusionClear differences existed in time to RTW among both THA and TKA patients in each of the groups studied. These findings may help guide tailored patient-specific information during preoperative consultation and advice postoperatively, as well as to create awareness among workers and their employers.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(9):977–984.
Can CT-based gap and step-off displacement predict outcome after nonoperative treatment of acetabular fractures?
Authors: Trouwborst Neeltje M. , ten Duis Kaj , Banierink Hester , Doornberg Job N. , van Helden Sven H. , Hermans Erik , van Lieshout Esther M. M. , Nijveldt Robert , Tromp Tjarda , Stirler Vincent M. A. , Verhofstad Michael H. J. , de Vries Jean Paul P. M. , Wijffels Mathieu M. E. , Reininga Inge H. F. , IJpma Frank F. A. 
Published: September 2023

AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between fracture displacement and survivorship of the native hip joint without conversion to a total hip arthroplasty (THA), and to determine predictors for conversion to THA in patients treated nonoperatively for acetabular fractures.MethodsA multicentre cross-sectional study was performed in 170 patients who were treated nonoperatively for an acetabular fracture in three level 1 trauma centres. Using the post-injury diagnostic CT scan, the maximum gap and step-off values in the weightbearing dome were digitally measured by two trauma surgeons. Native hip survival was reported using Kaplan-Meier curves. Predictors for conversion to THA were determined using Cox regression analysis.ResultsOf 170 patients, 22 (13%) subsequently received a THA. Native hip survival in patients with a step-off ≤ 2 mm, > 2 to 4 mm, or > 4 mm differed at five-year follow-up (respectively: 94% vs 70% vs 74%). Native hip survival in patients with a gap ≤ 2 mm, > 2 to 4 mm, or > 4 mm differed at five-year follow-up (respectively: 100% vs 84% vs 78%). Step-off displacement > 2 mm (> 2 to 4 mm hazard ratio (HR) 4.9, > 4 mm HR 5.6) and age > 60 years (HR 2.9) were independent predictors for conversion to THA at follow-up.ConclusionPatients with minimally displaced acetabular fractures who opt for nonoperative fracture treatment may be informed that fracture displacement (e.g. gap and step-off) up to 2 mm, as measured on CT images, results in limited risk on conversion to THA. Step-off ≥ 2 mm and age > 60 years are predictors for conversion to THA and can be helpful in the shared decision-making process.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(9):1020–1029.