bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of blood protein profiles in extremely preterm infants follows a stereotypic evolution pattern
Authors: Zhong Wen , Danielsson Hanna , Brusselaers Nele , Wackernagel Dirk , Sjöbom Ulrika , Sävman Karin , Hansen Pupp Ingrid , Ley David , Nilsson Anders K. , Fagerberg Linn , Uhlén Mathias , Hellström Ann 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Early diagnosis and interventions are critical to improving the clinical outcomes of extremely premature infants. Blood protein profiling during the first months of life in preterm infants can shed light on the role of early extrauterine development and provide an increased understanding of maturation after extremely preterm birth and the underlying mechanisms of prematurity-related disorders.

Methods
We have investigated the blood protein profiles during the first months of life in preterm infants on the role of early extrauterine development. The blood protein levels were analyzed using next generation blood profiling on 1335 serum samples, collected longitudinally at nine time points from birth to full-term from 182 extremely preterm infants.

Results
The protein analysis reveals evident predestined serum evolution patterns common for all included infants. The majority of the variations in blood protein expression are associated with the postnatal age of the preterm infants rather than any other factors. There is a uniform protein pattern on postnatal day 1 and after 30 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA), independent of gestational age (GA). However, during the first month of life, GA had a significant impact on protein variability.

Conclusions
The unified pattern of protein development for all included infants suggests an age-dependent stereotypic development of blood proteins after birth. This knowledge should be considered in neonatal settings and might alter the clinical approach within neonatology, where PMA is today the most dominant age variable.
M1/M2 macrophages and their overlaps – myth or reality?
Authors: Strizova Zuzana , Benesova Iva , Bartolini Robin , Novysedlak Rene , Cecrdlova Eva , Foley Lily Koumbas , Striz Ilja 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Macrophages represent heterogeneous cell population with important roles in defence mechanisms and in homoeostasis. Tissue macrophages from diverse anatomical locations adopt distinct activation states. M1 and M2 macrophages are two polarized forms of mononuclear phagocyte in vitro differentiation with distinct phenotypic patterns and functional properties, but in vivo, there is a wide range of different macrophage phenotypes in between depending on the microenvironment and natural signals they receive. In human infections, pathogens use different strategies to combat macrophages and these strategies include shaping the macrophage polarization towards one or another phenotype. Macrophages infiltrating the tumours can affect the patient’s prognosis. M2 macrophages have been shown to promote tumour growth, while M1 macrophages provide both tumour-promoting and anti-tumour properties. In autoimmune diseases, both prolonged M1 activation, as well as altered M2 function can contribute to their onset and activity. In human atherosclerotic lesions, macrophages expressing both M1 and M2 profiles have been detected as one of the potential factors affecting occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. In allergic inflammation, T2 cytokines drive macrophage polarization towards M2 profiles, which promote airway inflammation and remodelling. M1 macrophages in transplantations seem to contribute to acute rejection, while M2 macrophages promote the fibrosis of the graft. The view of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages suppressing inflammation seems to be an oversimplification because these cells exploit very high level of plasticity and represent a large scale of different immunophenotypes with overlapping properties. In this respect, it would be more precise to describe macrophages as M1-like and M2-like.
Relationships Among Motor, First, and Second Language Skills Among Bilingual Children With Language Disorders
Authors: Sanabria Ashley , Restrepo Maria Adelaida , Peter Beate , Valentin Andrea , Glenberg Arthur 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to determine the significance and directions of the relationships among oral and manual fine motor skills and language abilities among Spanish–English bilingual children. If such relationships exist, this would support a shared biological influence on motor and language development.

Method:
Participants included 56 bilingual children, 24 of whom met criteria for developmental language disorder (DLD), recruited based on teacher concern for language and/or reading comprehension abilities. Students participated in a battery of baseline tests to determine motor, language, and cognitive abilities. Correlations among all variables were examined for direction of relationships. Regression models explored the predictive power of motor skills with Spanish and English language ability as the outcome measure.

Results:
Oral fine motor abilities (diadochokinetic rate productions of /pa/ and /pata/) predicted Spanish (but not English) oral language abilities in the expected direction (i.e., faster rates were associated with better language). Manual fine motor performance on computer tapping tasks was not related to performance in either language.

Conclusions:
Oral fine motor abilities are related to language abilities in bilingual children, but only for the native language. We did not find reliable differences in oral and manual fine motor skills between groups of bilingual children with and without DLD. These findings support a limited role of shared biological influences on motor and language development.
Prevalence of Self-Reported Voice Concerns and Associated Risk Markers in a Nonclinical Sample of Military Service Members
Authors: Perry Trevor T. , Brungart Douglas S. , Myers Jennifer Rae , Cord Laura L. , Solomon Nancy Pearl 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Difficult communication environments are common in military settings, and effective voice use can be critical to mission success. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of self-reported voice disorders among U.S. military service members and to identify factors that contribute to their voice concerns.

Method:
A nonclinical sample of 4,123 active-duty service members was recruited across Department of Defense hearing conservation clinics. During their required annual hearing evaluation, volunteers provided responses to voice-related questions including a slightly adapted version of the Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) as part of a larger survey about communication issues. Changepoint detection was applied to age and years of service to explore cohort effects in the reporting of voice concerns. Logistic regression analyses examined multiple available factors related to communication to identify factors associated with abnormal results on the VHI-10.

Results:

Among the respondents, 41% reported experiencing vocal hoarseness or fatigue at least several times per year, and 8.2% (
n
= 336) scored above the recommended abnormal cut-point value of 11 on the VHI-10. Factors independently associated with the greatest risk for self-reported voice concerns were sex (female), cadmium exposure, vocal demands (the need for a strong, clear voice), and auditory health measures (frequency of experiencing temporary threshold shifts; self-reported hearing difficulties).

Conclusions:
Based on self-reported voice concerns and false negative rates reported in the literature, the prevalence of dysphonia in a large sample of active-duty service members is estimated to be 11.7%, which is higher than that in the general population. Certain predictors for voice concerns were expected based on previous literature, like female sex and voice use, but frequency of temporary threshold shifts and exposure to cadmium were surprising. The strong link between voice and auditory problems has particular implications regarding the need for effective communication in high-noise military and other occupational environments.
A new radiation reaction approximation for particle dynamics in the strong field regime
Authors: Pétri J. 
Published: August 2023

Context. Following particle trajectories in the intense electromagnetic field of a neutron star is prohibited by the large ratio between the cyclotron frequency ωB and the stellar rotation frequency Ω. No fully kinetic simulations on a macroscopic scale and with realistic field strengths have been performed so far due to the huge computational cost implied by this enormous scale of separation.
Aims. In this paper, we derive new expressions for the particle velocity subject to strong radiation reaction that are intended to be more accurate than the current state-of-the-art expression in the radiation reaction limit regime, the so-called Aristotelian regime.
Methods. We shortened the timescale hierarchy by solving the particle equation of motion in the radiation reaction regime, where the Lorentz force is always and immediately balanced by the radiative drag, and including a friction not necessarily opposite to the velocity vector, as derived in the Landau-Lifshitz approximation.
Results. Starting from the reduced Landau-Lifshitz equation (i.e., neglecting the field time derivatives), we found expressions for the velocity depending only on the local electromagnetic field configuration and on a new parameter related to the field strength that controls the strength of the radiative damping. As an example, we imposed a constant Lorentz factor γ during the particle motion. We found that for ultra-relativistic velocities satisfying γ ≳ 10, the difference between strong radiation reaction and the radiation reaction limit becomes negligible.
Conclusions. The new velocity expressions produce results similar in accuracy to the radiation reaction limit approximation. We therefore do not expect this new method to improve the accuracy of neutron star magnetosphere simulations. The radiation reaction limit is a simple but accurate, robust, and efficient way to follow ultra-relativistic particles in a strong electromagnetic field.
Die psychiatrische Klinik der Universität Würzburg um 1900
Authors: Krings Moritz 
Published: August 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIm ausgehenden 19. Jahrhundert kam es in Deutschland zu einer Reihe von Neugründungen universitärer psychiatrischer Kliniken, welche den wissenschaftlichen Charakter der Fachrichtung betonten und das Selbstbewusstsein und Selbstverständnis der psychiatrischen Fachdisziplin mitprägten. Dennoch sind viele der entsprechenden Kliniken in der psychiatriehistorischen Forschung bis heute unzureichend untersucht worden. Die vorliegende Arbeit möchte hier einen Beitrag leisten, indem exemplarisch die psychiatrische Klinik der Universität Würzburg um 1900 betrachtet wird, welche die erste Gründung einer eigenständigen psychiatrischen Klinik in Bayern und eine der frühen Gründungen in Deutschland insgesamt darstellte. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Analyse des 1893 eröffneten Neubaus sowie der damit einhergehenden Funktionen und Konzepte. Des Weiteren wird ein Überblick über das an der Klinik tätige Personal gegeben.
Von den klinischen Charakteristika zur sicheren Diagnose funktioneller neurologischer Bewegungsstörungen
Authors: Weißbach Anne , Hamami Feline , Münchau Alexander , Ganos Christos 
Published: August 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGFunktionelle neurologische Bewegungsstörungen gehören zu den häufigsten neurologischen Erkrankungen, führen oft zu einer erheblichen Einschränkung der Lebensqualität der Betroffenen und zu einer massiven finanziellen Belastung des Gesundheitssystems. Die Diagnose wird klinisch anhand positiver Diagnosekriterien gestellt, was apparative, kostenintensive Zusatzdiagnostik meist unnötig macht. Gehäuft kommt es allerdings zu einer erheblichen Verzögerung der Diagnose und damit verbunden, der Einleitung einer krankheitsspezifischen Therapie. In unserem Artikel möchten wir die Hauptpfeiler der klinischen Diagnose – die Inkongruenz und Inkonsistenz – die allen funktionellen Bewegungsstörungen gemeinsam ist, erläutern und darauf aufbauend die unterschiedlichen Subgruppen mit ihren individuellen klinischen Charakteristika und den dazugehörigen Untersuchungstechniken praxisnah erklären. Dies soll dazu beitragen, dass die Diagnose schnell und sicher gestellt werden kann. Außerdem ergeben sich aus den aufgeführten klinischen Charakteristika für die Therapie bedeutsame Strategien, z. B. die Modulation von Aufmerksamkeit, die in der Physio- und Psychotherapie zur Anwendung gebracht, aber vor allem durch die Patienten selbst genutzt werden können.
Behandlungsansätze für das Post-Covid-Syndrom
Authors: Langhorst Jost 
Published: August 2023

SummaryEtwa 10 % der Menschen, die sich mit SARS-CoV-2 infiziert haben, leiden nach der Akutinfektion unter dem sogenannten Post-Covid-Syndrom. Symptome hierbei sind Fatigue, Myalgie, Intoleranz für körperliche Betätigung, Schlafstörungen, Konzentrationsschwierigkeiten oder Angstzustände. Die Leitlinie zur Behandlung von Post Covid oder Long Covid empfiehlt eine multimodale und interdisziplinäre Therapie. In der Klinik für Integrative Medizin und Naturheilkunde am Klinikum Bamberg werden Post-Covid-Patient*innen mit Verfahren der Mind-Body-Medizin, der Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), mit Yoga, Akupunktur, Phytotherapie, naturheilkundlichen Selbsthilfestrategien und wassergefilterter Infrarot-A-Ganzkörperhyperthermie behandelt.
Palladium/Charcoal-Catalysed Olefin Reduction for the Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Substituted gem-Diborylalkanes
Authors: Panda Santanu , Das Kanak Kanti , Ghorai Debraj , Mahato Somenath 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
gem-Diborylalkanes have recently emerged as valuable synthons for diverse C–C bond-forming reactions. They represent an important class of bifunctional reagents that can be applied for the synthesis of simple to complex skeletons. Herein, we report a Pd-catalysed hydrogenation method for the synthesis of gem-diborylalkanes from the corresponding gem-diborylalkenes, which are themselves prepared from the corresponding aldehydes and ketones using known procedures. In addition, transformations of two representative gem-diborylalkane products are discussed leading to a range of functionalised derivatives.
Electrochemical Decarboxylative Minisci-Type Acylation of Quinoxalines under Catalyst- and External-Oxidant-Free Conditions
Authors: Liang Sen , Xu Kun , Zeng Chengchu , Li Yongmei , Wang Dehui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn electrochemical approach for the Minisci-type acylation of quinoxalines with α-keto acids as the acyl radical precursors is reported. With the assistance of TFA as the key additive, acylated quinoxalines were constructed in synthetically useful yields. The distinguishable features of this electrochemical protocol include catalyst- and external oxidant-free conditions, and operational simplicity.
The Importance of Parental Leave and Lactation Support for Surgeons
Authors: Kanters Arielle E. , Shubeck Sarah P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite the growing population of surgeons who will spend the bulk of their potential childbearing years in medical school, training, or early in practice, the stigma associated with pregnancy remains. The challenges of childbearing for surgeons also extend to the pregnancy experience from a health perspective including increased rates of infertility, miscarriage, and preterm labor. Given the unique demands of a surgical practice, surgeons may experience pressure to minimize the disruption of their work during and after pregnancy. This may include attempts at carrying a full workload until the day of delivery, reducing the length of planned parental leave, and not requesting accommodations for time to express milk. Concern for discrimination, clinical productivity expectations, and promotion timelines can limit a surgeon's ability to receive pregnancy-related support and adequate parental leave. Though not all surgeons will choose to pursue pregnancy, we must still acknowledge the need to support these individuals. Furthermore, this support should not be limited to the pregnancy alone but include postpartum support including that related to family leave and lactation. Here, we provide an overview of just some of the challenges faced by surgeons in the pursuit of parenthood and present the arguments for accommodations related to pregnancy, parental leave, and lactation.
Systematic correspondence in co-evolving languages
Authors: Wu Junru , Zhao Junyuan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLanguage co-evolution is an influential cultural force, impacting the past, present, and future of human languages. Systematic correspondence identifies corresponding features in languages evolving together, such as English "d" and German "t" in word pairs like “deed–Tat” and “deep–tief”. This study examines how social ecology influences lexical-phonological systematic correspondence using a vector-based measurement—weighted cosine systematicity—across two co-evolutionary lexical datasets for comparison: old to recent English-German related words, and thirty-year sliced morphemic transcriptions for Chinese dialects in Shanghai. Results show that even when related but socially independent languages evolve in different directions, they can maintain an equilibrium in systematic correspondence over centuries. In contrast, dialects can rapidly converge towards their national high variety in terms of lexical-phonological similarities, and the regional standard in terms of systematic correspondence within decades. This suggests that self-regulation of cross-linguistic systematic correspondence has its own, yet complementary, mechanism compared to the similarity-based co-evolutionary mechanism, making it a meaningful indicator and predictor for cross-linguistic lexical co-evolution.
Polynitrogen clusters interaction with water: experimental and theoretical perspectives
Authors: Ding Kewei , Wang Peng , Zhou Wenli , Xu Hongguang , Ge Zhongxue , Zheng Weijun , Lu Cheng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Polynitrogen clusters are of great interest as potential high-energy-density materials (HEDMs). However, it is still a challenge to effectively manufacture pure nitrogen clusters. Here, we present a method to produce all-nitrogen clusters ranging in size from 3 to 10 using a self-developed apparatus consisting of a laser vaporization cluster source and a mass spectrometer. The results indicate that the mass peak of the N4
+ cluster is dominant, and the cooling of the cluster source with liquid nitrogen effectively enhanced the intensities of larger nitrogen clusters. The trace amounts of water in the carrier gas affects the relative signal intensities of nitrogen clusters, suggesting that water molecules can affect their stabilities. The geometrical structures of the N

n

+

/

0

(n = 3–10) clusters are determined by CALYPSO cluster structural search method and density functional theory calculations. A series of promising polynitrogen clusters, such as Z-shaped N

4

+

/

0

clusters and bicyclic N

8

+

/

0

clusters, are identified. The molecular dynamics simulations indicate the decomposition energy barrier of (N4–H2O)+ cluster is lower than that of N4
+ cluster by 2.3 kcal mol−1, while the decomposition energy barrier of (N8–H2O)+ cluster is higher than that of N8
+ cluster by 1.4 kcal mol−1. These findings provide useful information for the generation and stabilization of polynitrogen clusters, which are valuable for the design and synthesis of HEDMs.
Electronic, transport and optical properties of ZnO/GaN heterostructures: first-principles study
Authors: Wakhare Sandhya Y , Deshpande Mrinalini D 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The electronic, transport and optical properties of the trilayer of ZnO and GaN heterostructures are investigated using density functional study to understand its role in optoelectronic devices. For layered systems, Zn over N and Ga over O stacking arrangement of ZnO over GaN is most favorable. The calculated formation energies reflect the energetically favorable condition of ZnO/GaN heterostructures. The GaN/ZnO/GaN is a more energetically favorable stacking arrangement as compared to ZnO/GaN/ZnO. The band gap of trilayer systems decreases as compared to that of bilayer and monolayer. The ZnO/GaN bilayer and ZnO/GaN/ZnO trilayer show direct band gap characteristics with the value of 1.71 and 1.61 eV, respectively. The GaN/ZnO/GaN shows an indirect band gap of 1.47 eV. The higher recombination rate of ZnO/GaN/ZnO is useful to develop a base for optical emission devices. The transport calculations show that, the magnitude of current flowing through the system increases with the layers of heterosystems and specifically higher for GaN/ZnO/GaN heterostructure. The enhanced channel conductance and higher mobility of GaN/ZnO/GaN heterostructure are crucial for the development of high mobility transistors. The improved absorption energy and dielectric properties are observed for trilayer systems as compared to that of the bilayer and monolayer and may be useful for optical devices. The higher optical efficiency is observed for GaN/ZnO/GaN as compared to ZnO/GaN/ZnO heterostructure system and opens up a way toward optical waveguides and reflectors.
Influence of pulse width on the breakdown process of nanosecond pulse discharge at low pressure
Authors: Wang Qixuan , Wu Hao , Wang Yu , Zhang Ye , Jiang Wei , Zhang Ya 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Pulsed plasma discharge breakdown has long been a subject of research in the field of plasma physics. However, the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of parameters such as the density, energy, and electric field of charged particles during the breakdown process have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we investigate the breakdown process under nanosecond pulses with different pulse widths (1 ns, 10 ns, and 100 ns), utilizing the 1D implicit particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision method. Our simulation results indicate that pulse width plays a crucial role in the evolution of plasma breakdown. Specifically, under ultra-short pulses, the breakdown occurs after the pulse voltage ceases, demonstrating that increasing pulse width accelerates the changes in plasma parameters but does not affect the breakdown time. Under longer pulses, the removal of voltage leads to a significant increase in the thickness of the anode sheath. As the pulse width continues to increase, the ions collide in the cathode sheath after the pulse ends, resulting in ion energy loss. Finally, by scanning the parameter space, we give the Paschen curve and observe a higher breakdown voltage in the pulse case and the impact of ion secondary electrons.
Shallow junction formation via lateral boron autodoping during rapid thermal process
Authors: Yu Yingtao , Gauthier Nicolas , Primetzhofer Daniel , Zhang Zhen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Autodoping is a well-known phenomenon of unwanted dopant transfer in silicon epitaxy process. In this work, we discovered boron lateral autodoping in normal rapid thermal process (RTP) and used it to controllably form shallow junctions for device fabrication. The redeposition of boron from the gas phase to the solid surface was identified to be the limiting step of the boron incorporation into the undoped silicon area in the RTP process. At a given RTP temperature, boron autodoping could be increased by elevating the concentration of the boron source or enhancing the evaporation coefficient. Extending the annealing time can substantially improve the uniformity of the boron concentration in the gas phase, thus reducing the pattern dependence of the autodoping results. In addition, the autodoping process also avoids the traps and defects induced by ion implantation. Therefore, the described mechanism holds great promise for shallow junction formation in selectively patterned area with low cost.