bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solidarity in Place? Hope and Despair in Postpandemic Membership
Authors: Shachar Ayelet 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInitially portrayed as the “great equalizer,” the COVID-19 pandemic has proved anything but. This essay recounts the sobering social disparities and vulnerabilities that the pandemic has exposed, especially when it comes to the inequalities that are baked into existing membership regimes, before turning to narratives of hope and democratic renewal. My discussion shines a spotlight on the relationship between borders, (im)mobility, and struggles for recognition and inclusion that have long been central to the practice of citizenship. Focusing on pathways to the acquisition of full membership status for those who are currently denied it, I will deploy logics and policies that have already begun to take shape in different parts of the world, with the goal of amplifying their effects and multiplying their scale. I identify three possible trajectories for postpandemic recovery, two of which offer ways to enhance equality of status and public standing by enlarging the circle of membership: first, through contribution (or what I will term “jus contribuere”), and second, by highlighting what we might call “solidarity in place.” The third reaction, which we might call the “stratification of membership,” pulls in the opposite direction by sharply redrawing the lines—legal, economic, social—that have distinguished insiders from outsiders, and exacerbated patterns of stratification and inequality of status and opportunity that predate the pandemic.
Parties, Democracy, and the Ideal of Anti-factionalism: Past Anxieties and Present Challenges
Authors: Ragazzoni David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis essay weaves together the history of political and legal thought, contemporary democratic theory, and recent debates in legal scholarship to examine the ambivalent relationship between political parties and democracy. Celebrated as a structural necessity for the mechanics of democratic government, political parties are also handled with suspicion for their hybrid nature—neither entirely public nor completely private—and for their always-possible regression into factions. Anti-factionalism, I show, has been a powerful ideal driving constitutional imagination and practice over the centuries, from antiquity (with its emphasis on parts and its horror over factions), to the age of democratic revolutions (with its signature anxieties about divisions), up through the present. However, this long historical process has not extinguished the long-lived concern with the nature and implications of party spirit, nor has it made party democracy completely safe from revamped forms of factionalism. Two manifestations of factional politics stand out in the contemporary political landscape: authoritarian regime changes and populist constitutionalism. While the former is easy to diagnose but hard to prevent, the latter exemplifies a torsion of the constitutional and democratic imagination from within. Despite their differences, both scenarios remind us that constitutions need to envision mechanisms to prevent parties from undermining the liberal democratic order they have been designed to serve. At the same time, they call for renewed attention to the study of parties in the domains of democratic theory and constitutional scholarship.
Teaching Undergraduates Research Methods: A “Methods Lab” Approach
Authors: Sullivan Heather , De Bruin Erica 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTThis article introduces a “methods lab” approach to teaching undergraduates about different types of research in political science. In this approach, students are given explicit instruction on what a specific research method entails and the opportunity to practice it before conducting their own research. Methods labs can help students craft more creative research designs as well as understand the strengths and potential pitfalls associated with each method, making the subsequent process of writing a research paper or thesis easier. We provide two sample methods labs focused on conducting archival research and developing survey and interview questions. We discuss our experiences in implementing the labs in a thesis course, describe how the modular lab approach could fit into multiple types of courses, and offer suggestions for those interested in developing labs for other types of research methods.
European interprofessional postgraduate curriculum in palliative care: A narrative synthesis of field interviews in the region of Middle, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe and Central and West Asia
Authors: Paal Piret , Brandstötter Cornelia , Elsner Frank , Lorenzl Stefan , Osterbrink Jürgen , Stähli Andreas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesIn 2018, a study was conducted in the Eastern and South-eastern Europe and Central Asia. National leaders of palliative care were asked to describe developments in postgraduate education in their region. They were asked whether the introduction of a European curriculum would be useful in their country. The aim was to explore the structures of postgraduate education at country level in order to define the barriers and opportunities.MethodsThis is an ethnographic study based on semi-structured field interviews. A thematic analysis was chosen for data extraction and a narrative synthesis for the systematic presentation and critical discussion of the results.ResultsThirty-two interviews were recorded in 23 countries. The analysis revealed 4 main themes: (1) general barriers to access, (2) necessary to improve palliative care education, (3) palliative care core curriculum – the theoretical framework, and (4) challenges in implementation. These main themes were complemented by 19 subthemes.Significance of resultsPalliative care is understood as a universal idea, which in practice means accepting social pluralism and learning to respect unique individual needs. This makes teaching palliative care a very special task because there are no golden standards for dealing with each individual as they are. In theory, a European curriculum recommendation is useful to convince governments and other key stakeholders of the importance of postgraduate education. In practice, such a curriculum needs to be adapted to the constraints of health services and human resources. Validated quality assessment criteria for palliative care education are crucial to advance postgraduate education.
Deep Mantle Influence on the Cameroon Volcanic Line
Authors: Saeidi Hesam , Hansen Samantha E. , Nyblade Andrew A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe origin of the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL), which is difficult to explain with traditional plate tectonics and mantle convection models because the volcanism does not display clear age progression, remains widely debated. Existing seismic tomography models show anomalously slow structure beneath the CVL, which some have interpreted to reflect upper mantle convective processes, possibly associated with edge‐driven flow related to the neighboring Congo Craton. However, mid‐ and lower mantle depths are generally not well resolved in these models, making it difficult to determine the extent of the anomalous CVL structure. Here, we present a new P‐wave velocity model for the African mantle, developed with the largest collection of travel‐time residuals recorded across the continent to date and an adaptive model parameterization. Our extensive data set and inversion method yield high resolution images of the mantle structure beneath western Africa, particularly at the critical mid‐ and lower mantle depths needed to further evaluate processes associated with the formation of the CVL. Our new model provides strong evidence for a connection between the African Large Low Velocity Province, centered in the lower mantle beneath southern Africa, and the continental portion of the CVL. We suggest that seismically slow material generated near the core‐mantle boundary beneath southern Africa moves northwestward under the Congo Craton. At the northern edge of the craton, the hot, buoyant material rises through the upper mantle, causing the CVL volcanism. Consequently, CVL magmatism can be linked to large‐scale mantle processes rooted in the deep mantle.
The “New Core Paradox”: Challenges and Potential Solutions
Authors: Driscoll P. , Davies C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe “new core paradox” suggests that the persistence of the geomagnetic field over nearly all of Earth history is in conflict with the core being highly thermally conductive, which makes convection and dynamo action in the core much harder prior to the nucleation of the inner core. Here we revisit this issue by exploring the influence of six important parameters on core evolution: upper/lower mantle viscosity ratio, core thermal conductivity, core radiogenic heat rate, mantle radiogenic heating rate, central core melting temperature, and initial core‐mantle boundary (CMB) temperature. Each parameter is systematically explored by the model, which couples mantle energy and core energy‐entropy evolution. A model is “successful” if the correct present‐day inner core size is achieved and the dynamo remains alive, as implied by the paleomagnetic record. In agreement with previous studies, we do not find successful thermal evolutions using nominal parameters, which includes a core thermal conductivity of 70 Wm−1K−1, zero core radioactivity, and an initial CMB temperature of 5,000 K. The dynamo can be kept alive by assuming an unrealistically low thermal conductivity of 20 Wm−1K−1 or an unrealistically high core radioactive heat flow of 3 TW at present‐day, which are considered “unsuccessful” models. We identify a third scenario to keep the dynamo alive by assuming a hot initial CMB temperature of ∼6,000 K and a central core liquidus of ∼5,550 K. These temperatures are on the extreme end of typical estimates, but should not be ruled out and deserve further scrutiny.
The publication quality of laboratory values in clinical studies in neonates
Authors: Allegaert Karel , Hildebrand Heidrun , Singh Kanwaljit , Turner Mark A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
There are no generally accepted age-appropriate reference ranges for laboratory values in neonates. This also matters for drug development. The International Neonatal Consortium (INC) is engaged to define actionable reference ranges of commonly used laboratory values in neonates.

Methods
A structured literature search was performed to identify standards or recommendations for publications that present neonatal laboratory data to assess the publication quality of laboratory values in neonates. Using a modified Delphi approach, an assessment and data extraction instrument to screen on completeness of information was developed.

Results
On 2908 hits, 281 papers were retained for full reading and 257 for data extraction. None of the papers reported a publication standard. Using the extraction instrument, most papers presented single country or unit findings. The median number of neonates was 120, with uncertainty on single or repeated measurements. Clinically meaningful information on age, sex, and medical conditions was commonly provided. Information on pharmacotherapy, equipment, analytical method, or laboratory location was rarely mentioned.

Conclusions
Published information on laboratory values for neonates is sparse, not systematic, and incomplete. This undermines efforts to compare treatments, safety monitoring, or clinical management. Furthermore, there appears to be no standard yet to report laboratory values in neonates.

Impact

There are no generally accepted age-appropriate reference ranges for laboratory values in neonates, leading to a significant knowledge gap, also for safety reporting and drug development in neonates.

We performed a literature search to identify standards or recommendations for publications on neonatal laboratory data and to assess the publication quality of laboratory values in clinical studies involving neonates.

Standards or recommendations for publications that present neonatal laboratory data were not identified, while published information on laboratory values for neonates is sparse, not systematic, and incomplete.
Clinical utility of liquid biopsy and integrative genomic profiling in early-stage and oligometastatic cancer patients treated with radiotherapy
Authors: Cifuentes Guadalupe A. , Santiago Adrián , Méndez Blanco Lucía , Fueyo María , López Martínez Esther , Soria Raquel , Martín López Irene , Cucarella Beltrán Pepa , Pardo-Coto Pablo , Rodriguez-Rubi David , Urquilla Karla , Durán Noelia S. , Álvarez Rebeca , Lago Claudia G. , Otero Andrea , Diñeiro Marta , Capín Raquel , Cadiñanos Juan , Cabanillas Rubén 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Liquid biopsy and Integrative Genomic Profiling (IGP) are yet to be implemented into routine Radiation Oncology. Here we assess the utility of germline, tumour and circulating cell-free DNA-based genomic analyses for the clinical management of early-stage and oligometastatic cancer patients treated by precision radiotherapy.

Methods
We performed germline, tissue- and liquid biopsy NGS panels on 50 early-stage/oligometastatic cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. We also monitored ctDNA variants in serial liquid biopsies collected during radiotherapy and follow-up and evaluated the clinical utility of such comprehensive approach.

Results
The integration of different genomic studies revealed that only 1/3 of the liquid biopsy variants are of tumour origin. Altogether, 55 tumour variants (affecting 3/4 of the patients) were considered potentially actionable (for treatment and prognosis), whereas potential follow-up biomarkers were identified in all cases. Germline cancer-predisposing variants were present in three patients, which would have not been eligible for hereditary cancer testing according to clinical guidelines. The presence of detectable ctDNA variants before radiotherapy was associated with progression-free survival both in oligometastatic patients and in those with early-stage.

Conclusions
IGP provides both valuable and actionable information for personalised decision-making in Radiation Oncology.
Human leukocyte antigen super-locus: nexus of genomic supergenes, SNPs, indels, transcripts, and haplotypes
Authors: Kulski Jerzy K. , Suzuki Shingo , Shiina Takashi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe human Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) or Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) super-locus is a highly polymorphic genomic region that encodes more than 140 coding genes including the transplantation and immune regulatory molecules. It receives special attention for genetic investigation because of its important role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses and its strong association with numerous infectious and/or autoimmune diseases. In recent years, MHC genotyping and haplotyping using Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods have produced many hundreds of genomic sequences of the HLA super-locus for comparative studies of the genetic architecture and diversity between the same and different haplotypes. In this special issue on ‘The Current Landscape of HLA Genomics and Genetics’, we provide a short review of some of the recent analytical developments used to investigate the SNP polymorphisms, structural variants (indels), transcription and haplotypes of the HLA super-locus. This review highlights the importance of using reference cell-lines, population studies, and NGS methods to improve and update our understanding of the mechanisms, architectural structures and combinations of human MHC genomic alleles (SNPs and indels) that better define and characterise haplotypes and their association with various phenotypes and diseases.
Tiltable objective microscope visualizes selectivity for head motion direction and dynamics in zebrafish vestibular system
Authors: Tanimoto Masashi , Watakabe Ikuko , Higashijima Shin-ichi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSpatio-temporal information about head orientation and movement is fundamental to the sense of balance and motion. Hair cells (HCs) in otolith organs of the vestibular system transduce linear acceleration, including head tilt and vibration. Here, we build a tiltable objective microscope in which an objective lens and specimen tilt together. With in vivo Ca2+imaging of all utricular HCs and ganglion neurons during 360° static tilt and vibration in pitch and roll axes, we reveal the direction- and static/dynamic stimulus-selective topographic responses in larval zebrafish. We find that head vibration is preferentially received by striolar HCs, whereas static tilt is preferentially transduced by extrastriolar HCs. Spatially ordered direction preference in HCs is consistent with hair-bundle polarity and is preserved in ganglion neurons through topographic innervation. Together, these results demonstrate topographically organized selectivity for direction and dynamics of head orientation/movement in the vestibular periphery.
A space-based quantum gas laboratory at picokelvin energy scales
Authors: Gaaloul Naceur , Meister Matthias , Corgier Robin , Pichery Annie , Boegel Patrick , Herr Waldemar , Ahlers Holger , Charron Eric , Williams Jason R. , Thompson Robert J. , Schleich Wolfgang P. , Rasel Ernst M. , Bigelow Nicholas P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUltracold quantum gases are ideal sources for high-precision space-borne sensing as proposed for Earth observation, relativistic geodesy and tests of fundamental physical laws as well as for studying new phenomena in many-body physics during extended free fall. Here we report on experiments with the Cold Atom Lab aboard the International Space Station, where we have achieved exquisite control over the quantum state of single 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensates paving the way for future high-precision measurements. In particular, we have applied fast transport protocols to shuttle the atomic cloud over a millimeter distance with sub-micrometer accuracy and subsequently drastically reduced the total expansion energy to below 100 pK with matter-wave lensing techniques.
Machine learning assisted interferometric structured illumination microscopy for dynamic biological imaging
Authors: Ward Edward N. , Hecker Lisa , Christensen Charles N. , Lamb Jacob R. , Lu Meng , Mascheroni Luca , Chung Chyi Wei , Wang Anna , Rowlands Christopher J. , Schierle Gabriele S. Kaminski , Kaminski Clemens F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStructured Illumination Microscopy, SIM, is one of the most powerful optical imaging methods available to visualize biological environments at subcellular resolution. Its limitations stem from a difficulty of imaging in multiple color channels at once, which reduces imaging speed. Furthermore, there is substantial experimental complexity in setting up SIM systems, preventing a widespread adoption. Here, we present Machine-learning Assisted, Interferometric Structured Illumination Microscopy, MAI-SIM, as an easy-to-implement method for live cell super-resolution imaging at high speed and in multiple colors. The instrument is based on an interferometer design in which illumination patterns are generated, rotated, and stepped in phase through movement of a single galvanometric mirror element. The design is robust, flexible, and works for all wavelengths. We complement the unique properties of the microscope with an open source machine-learning toolbox that permits real-time reconstructions to be performed, providing instant visualization of super-resolved images from live biological samples.
Median raphe serotonergic neurons projecting to the interpeduncular nucleus control preference and aversion
Authors: Kawai Hiroyuki , Bouchekioua Youcef , Nishitani Naoya , Niitani Kazuhei , Izumi Shoma , Morishita Hinako , Andoh Chihiro , Nagai Yuma , Koda Masashi , Hagiwara Masako , Toda Koji , Shirakawa Hisashi , Nagayasu Kazuki , Ohmura Yu , Kondo Makoto , Kaneda Katsuyuki , Yoshioka Mitsuhiro , Kaneko Shuji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAppropriate processing of reward and aversive information is essential for survival. Although a critical role of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) in reward processing has been shown, the lack of rewarding effects with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) implies the presence of a discrete serotonergic system playing an opposite role to the DRN in the processing of reward and aversive stimuli. Here, we demonstrated that serotonergic neurons in the median raphe nucleus (MRN) of mice process reward and aversive information in opposite directions to DRN serotonergic neurons. We further identified MRN serotonergic neurons, including those projecting to the interpeduncular nucleus (5-HTMRN→IPN), as a key mediator of reward and aversive stimuli. Moreover, 5-HT receptors, including 5-HT2A receptors in the interpeduncular nucleus, are involved in the aversive properties of MRN serotonergic neural activity. Our findings revealed an essential function of MRN serotonergic neurons, including 5-HTMRN→IPN, in the processing of reward and aversive stimuli.
Astrocytes amplify neurovascular coupling to sustained activation of neocortex in awake mice
Authors: Institoris Adam , Vandal Milène , Peringod Govind , Catalano Christy , Tran Cam Ha , Yu Xinzhu , Visser Frank , Breiteneder Cheryl , Molina Leonardo , Khakh Baljit S. , Nguyen Minh Dang , Thompson Roger J. , Gordon Grant R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFunctional hyperemia occurs when enhanced neuronal activity signals to increase local cerebral blood flow (CBF) to satisfy regional energy demand. Ca2+ elevation in astrocytes can drive arteriole dilation to increase CBF, yet affirmative evidence for the necessity of astrocytes in functional hyperemia in vivo is lacking. In awake mice, we discovered that functional hyperemia is bimodal with a distinct early and late component whereby arteriole dilation progresses as sensory stimulation is sustained. Clamping astrocyte Ca2+ signaling in vivo by expressing a plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (CalEx) reduces sustained but not brief sensory-evoked arteriole dilation. Elevating astrocyte free Ca2+ using chemogenetics selectively augments sustained hyperemia. Antagonizing NMDA-receptors or epoxyeicosatrienoic acid production reduces only the late component of functional hyperemia, leaving brief increases in CBF to sensory stimulation intact. We propose that a fundamental role of astrocyte Ca2+ is to amplify functional hyperemia when neuronal activation is prolonged.
Cross-kingdom synthetic microbiota supports tomato suppression of Fusarium wilt disease
Authors: Zhou Xin , Wang Jinting , Liu Fang , Liang Junmin , Zhao Peng , Tsui Clement K. M. , Cai Lei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe role of rhizosphere microbiota in the resistance of tomato plant against soil-borne Fusarium wilt disease (FWD) remains unclear. Here, we showed that the FWD incidence was significantly negatively correlated with the diversity of both rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities. Using the microbiological culturomic approach, we selected 205 unique strains to construct different synthetic communities (SynComs), which were inoculated into germ-free tomato seedlings, and their roles in suppressing FWD were monitored using omics approach. Cross-kingdom (fungi and bacteria) SynComs were most effective in suppressing FWD than those of Fungal or Bacterial SynComs alone. This effect was underpinned by a combination of molecular mechanisms related to plant immunity and microbial interactions contributed by the bacterial and fungal communities. This study provides new insight into the dynamics of microbiota in pathogen suppression and host immunity interactions. Also, the formulation and manipulation of SynComs for functional complementation constitute a beneficial strategy in controlling soil-borne disease.