bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-energy nuclear physics meets machine learning
Authors: He Wan-Bing , Ma Yu-Gang , Pang Long-Gang , Song Hui-Chao , Zhou Kai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough seemingly disparate, high-energy nuclear physics (HENP) and machine learning (ML) have begun to merge in the last few years, yielding interesting results. It is worthy to raise the profile of utilizing this novel mindset from ML in HENP, to help interested readers see the breadth of activities around this intersection. The aim of this mini-review is to inform the community of the current status and present an overview of the application of ML to HENP. From different aspects and using examples, we examine how scientific questions involving HENP can be answered using ML.
Isotope effect of transport and key physics in the isotope mixture plasmas
Authors: Ida Katsumi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe isotope effect of transport and key physics in isotope mixture plasmas is reviewed. Experiment, simulation, and theory discuss isotope mass dependence on confinement, transport, and turbulence. Experimental observation shows a wide variety of isotope mass dependence, due to the complicated process of determining the plasma confinement and transport and far from the simple mass dependence predicted by the gyro-Bohm model. The isotope effect directly influences the growth rate of instability and thermal diffusivity and indirectly influences confinement and transport property through other parameters. The isotope mixing is also described as key physics of isotope mixture plasma, essential to optimize fusion power in deuterium and tritium plasma.
Examinations of Biases by Model Misspecification and Parameter Reliability of Reinforcement Learning Models
Authors: Toyama Asako , Katahira Kentaro , Kunisato Yoshihiko 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Reinforcement learning models have the potential to clarify meaningful individual differences in the decision-making process. This study focused on two aspects regarding the nature of a reinforcement learning model and its parameters: the problems of model misspecification and reliability. Online participants, N = 453, completed self-report measures and a probabilistic learning task twice 1.5 months apart, and data from the task were fitted using several reinforcement learning models. To address the problem of model misspecification, we compared the models with and without the influence of choice history, or perseveration. Results showed that the lack of a perseveration term in the model led to a decrease in learning rates for win and loss outcomes, with slightly different influences depending on outcome volatility, and increases in inverse temperature. We also conducted simulations to examine the mechanism of the observed biases and revealed that failure to incorporate perseveration directly affected the estimation bias in the learning rate and indirectly affected that in inverse temperature. Furthermore, in both model fittings and model simulations, the lack of perseveration caused win-stay probability underestimation and loss-shift probability overestimation. We also assessed the parameter reliability. Test–retest reliabilities were poor (learning rates) to moderate (inverse temperature and perseveration magnitude). A learning effect was noted in the inverse temperature and perseveration magnitude parameters, showing an increment of the estimates in the second session. We discuss possible misinterpretations of results and limitations considering the estimation biases and parameter reliability.
Metal oxides and their roles in heterogeneous catalysis: special emphasis on synthesis protocols, intrinsic properties, and their influence in transfer hydrogenation reactions
Authors: Mabate Tafadzwa Precious , Maqunga Nomathamsanqa Prudence , Ntshibongo Sinemihlali , Maumela Mulisa , Bingwa Ndzondelelo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis review emphasizes La-based metal oxides of the perovskite form and their application in heterogeneous catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) reactions from year 2013. Perovskites are potential alternatives to noble metals. The possibility of induced-synergy between two cations in the ABO3 or multicationic perovskites makes them attractive for hydrogenation reactions. Herein, we look at recent developments in their synthesis protocols, and how the various physicochemical properties derived from the individual synthesis protocols affect the catalytic performances of perovskite oxides in transfer hydrogenation reactions. Furthermore, we review different type of perovskite-based catalysts and the mechanisms of the surface catalyzed transfer hydrogenation reactions.
Development and security in the twenty-first century: China and America
Authors: Overholt William H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMost of the literature on Sino-American relations focuses on conflicting policies (for instance, over the South China Sea or intellectual property) or on characteristics of the international system (such as multipolarity, hegemony, or the Thucydides Trap). But conflicts also arise because domestic problems become internationalized. In particular, while economic development typically leads eventually to domestic stability, geopolitical influence, and mutual benefits with other countries, it also creates difficult challenges. The U.S. economy is shifting from a manufacturing workforce to a services workforce, mainly because of technological advance. But U.S. politicians of both parties have found it more convenient to blame China for the decline of manufacturing jobs than to make difficult decisions at home. Likewise, as China develops, its originally simpler economy and society become complex and it faces predictable economic problems and political challenges. Beijing has sought to suppress the ramifications of social differentiation rather than accommodate them. This results in ever tighter political controls at the cost of future economic growth. Political leaders can find it convenient to blame the resultant stresses on foreigners. Misidentification of the problems leads to exaggerated fear of potential nearby color revolutions and to a mistaken sense that Russia shares the same problems as China. When China was poor and weak, as with other poor, weak countries, the developed world tolerated intellectual property theft, predatory industrial subsidies, and denial of market access. Now, China’s economy is very large and these same behaviors create massive global distortions. Meanwhile, the U.S. overreacts to the emergence of new and challenging powers, exaggerating their prospects and the dangers they pose. This exaggerated status anxiety and fear typified the U.S. response to the Soviet Union and Japan and now typifies its response to China.
Rare-Earth Minerals in Kaolin Ore, Mine Tailings, and Sands – Central Georgia, Upper Coastal Plain
Authors: Boxleiter Anthony , Elliott W. Crawford 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe total concentrations of rare-earth elements (REE) in the mined kaolin (0.02–0.06 wt.%), kaolin mine tailings (0.03–1.9 wt.%), and the kaolin-associated Marion Member sand lithology (0.03–4.6 wt.%) opened questions regarding the modes of occurrence of the REE and the role(s) of chemical weathering and secondary processes to explain the presence of REE in these materials. The REE were hosted primarily by phosphate minerals (monazite, xenotime) based on mineralogic analyses (scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction). Enrichments in the light rare-earth elements (LREE: La–Gd) and the high correlation coefficient values were noted between P and the total REE concentrations (r2 = 0.99) for the sands and the mine tailings. Lower correlation coefficient values were noted between total REE concentrations and Zr (r2 = 0.31). The coarse fractions of the mined kaolins were enriched in the heavy rare-earth elements (HREE: Y, Tb–Lu) relative to the kaolin-associated sand lithologies. The REE inventory cannot be explained solely by mineral inheritance within the mined kaolins. Lower correlation coefficient values between P and total REE, positive Eu/Eu* anomalies, and the presence of xenotime overgrowths on zircon showed the importance of the role of chemical weathering of the detrital minerals during post-depositional processes (such as diagenesis) leading to redistributed and fractionated REE within the mined kaolin. The possibility of adsorption of the REE to kaolin mineral surfaces in the fine fraction of the mined kaolins remains open and permits further study to characterize fully the multi-modal fractionation of REE possible in the Georgia kaolin deposits.
Pharmacovigilance Agreements: Negotiating Safety Data Exchange Timelines: To Agree to Disagree? That is the Question
Authors: Manko Singer Wendy , Pileggi Elizabeth MacEntee , Gibble Yvonne , Lewis David John 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPharmaceutical companies often enter into contractual arrangements with other companies to advance the development or expand patient access of licensed medicines. These partnerships include specific agreements detailing the exchange of safety-related data between the companies. Such agreements are used to fulfil regulatory reporting obligations, thereby ensuring timely awareness of potential safety considerations and formal maintenance of clinical trial applications and marketing authorisations. The authors conducted potentially the first benchmarking survey of contracts covering safety data exchange within the pharmaceutical industry. Data were analysed to establish the most common types of safety data exchanged, and the associated data exchange timelines. These data may provide an opportunity for companies to assess how their own timelines compare with others, and to consider whether there are actions they may take that could potentially improve negotiation and procedural efficiency. Ninety percent of the recipients responded to the survey, providing information from 378 individual contracts which included data from clinical trials and from postmarketing sources. Results showed less variability in the safety data exchange timelines of clinical trial ICSRs compared to the timelines of postmarketing ICSRs; these results may reflect greater harmonisation of regulatory reporting requirements for clinical trials. The variability captured in the benchmarking data reflects the challenges that contribute to the complexity of safety data exchange agreements between partner companies. The goal of the survey was to serve as a basis for future research and pursuit of additional insights that foster transparency. The aim was also to encourage the consideration of alternative approaches to address some of the challenges that we identified. Use of technology could facilitate the process of recording, tracking, and monitoring of safety data exchange within a partnership, improve efficiency through real time monitoring, and provide further insights. A proactive approach to developing agreements is essential for improved patient access and to maintain patient safety.
Gendered Crafts in the Great Salt Lake Desert: A Comparative Analysis of Late Holocene Cordage and Coiled Basketry
Authors: Coe Marion M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPerishable artifacts are invaluable tools for reconstructing past lifeways of hunter-gatherers, and when preserved in arid settings, they can inform on dynamic interactions between communities and the environment. Many such materials were recovered from early archaeological surveys in Utah and Nevada but were largely excluded from contemporary analyses because of small sample sizes, their fragmentary nature, and insecure proveniences. This synchronic reanalysis of cordage and coiled basketry from 10 late Holocene sites in the Great Salt Lake Desert utilizes newer approaches to perishables analysis so as to collect data more conducive to statistical comparisons of subsistence and craft traditions absent from earlier Great Basin studies. Regional trends of conformity of fine cordage contrasted with a diversity of basketry manufacture suggest contemporaneous social stressors directing the production of materials and two potentially gendered subclasses of utilitarian objects. Feminine and masculine perishable crafts in the Bonneville Basin follow separate manufacturing traditions, observable despite small sample sizes and poor dating of these curated collections.
Establishing a baseline of antibiotic use in Massachusetts jails reveals heterogeneity in quantity of prescriptions and duration of therapy
Authors: Szewczyk Bart R. , Tenner Rebecca , Grussing Emily , Campion Maureen , Andujar Vazquez Gabriela , Bylsma Tara , Doron Shira , Wurcel Alysse G. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Optimizing antibiotic prescribing is a crucial element of the fight against antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic prescribing patterns in jails have not been studied. We established a baseline of antibiotic prescribing between Massachusetts jails. We detected heterogeneity in quantity and duration of antibiotic prescriptions, revealing an opportunity for improved practice.
Multistakeholder impression management tactics and sustainable development intentions in agri-food co-operatives
Authors: Callagher Lisa , Garnevska Elena 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study examines the organization impression management (OIM) tactics used in agri-food cooperatives to communicate their intentions toward sustainable development. Based on content analysis of the chairperson and CEO statements of 14 agri-foods cooperatives from six years' annual reports, this study sheds light on the role of member-owned firms in shifts toward realizing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The paper proposes multistakeholder OIM tactics. These insights about sustainable development extend knowledge of how senior managers communicate their intentions in multistakeholder situations, which include shareholders, suppliers, customers, and local communities. This study contributes to the literature on organizational impression management and member-owned firms. Managerial implications are also outlined.
Information-theoretic convergence of extreme values to the Gumbel distribution
Authors: Johnson Oliver 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe show how convergence to the Gumbel distribution in an extreme value setting can be understood in an information-theoretic sense. We introduce a new type of score function which behaves well under the maximum operation, and which implies simple expressions for entropy and relative entropy. We show that, assuming certain properties of the von Mises representation, convergence to the Gumbel distribution can be proved in the strong sense of relative entropy.
Backchannels in conversations between autistic adults are less frequent and less diverse prosodically and lexically
Authors: Wehrle Simon , Vogeley Kai , Grice Martine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackchannels (BCs; listener signals such as ‘mmhm’ or ‘okay’) are a ubiquitous and essential feature of spoken interaction. They are used by listeners predominantly to support the ongoing turn of their interlocutor and to signal understanding and agreement. Listeners seem to be highly sensitive to the exact realisations of BCs and to judge deviations from typical forms as negative. Very little is known about the use of BCs by speakers diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In dialogue recordings of 28 German adults in two groups of disposition-matched dyads (i.e., both interlocutors were either autistic or non-autistic), we found that the ASD group was characterised by (1) a lower rate of BCs per minute (particularly in the early stages of conversation), (2) less diversity in the lexical realisation of BCs and (3) a less diverse and flexible mapping of different intonation contours to different BC types. We interpret these results as reflecting more general characteristics of autistic as compared to non-autistic individuals, namely different strategies in signalling attention towards an interlocutor and less flexible behaviour in social interaction.
La ofrenda de estatuillas en el rito de la capacocha y su relación con el mito del origen de los Incas
Authors: Horta Tricallotis Helena 
Published: June 2023

ResumenEn este artículo se propone un significado para las ofrendas de estatuillas en miniatura de seres humanos y camélidos en ritos incaicos, entre ellos la qhapaq hucha o capacocha, ceremonia principal de veneración a las huacas que incluía sacrificio humano. La investigación moderna ha buscado una explicación satisfactoria respecto de este rito, así como de la función de dichas estatuillas, apoyándose básicamente en información documental. Actualmente, se dispone de información de primera mano proveniente de hallazgos arqueológicos de diferentes cumbres de los Andes. En este trabajo se entrecruzan los datos históricos con los arqueológicos relativos a vestimenta e insignias de la nobleza inca, para proponer que dichas estatuillas simbolizaron a la pareja fundadora del linaje, Mama Ocllo y Manco Capac, en el acto mismo del surgimiento desde la pacarina del cerro Tambotoco, y que representaron por extensión, a los descendientes de tales progenitores. De esta manera, con las estatuillas se habría preservado la memoria de este pasaje crucial del mito de origen de la etnia inca, recordando a la pareja primigenia como creadora del orden social existente, y legitimando a la vez, el origen divino del poder de la élite gobernante.
Endogamia, movilidad y residencia posmarital en poblaciones incas del noroeste de Cusco
Authors: Varela Héctor Hugo , Valdano Silvia Graciela , Cocilovo José Alberto 
Published: June 2023

ResumenEl estudio del parentesco permite comprender mejor las sociedades antiguas porque está relacionado con el comportamiento social, económico, político y reproductivo de la población. Es posible conocer la magnitud de la endogamia y hacer inferencias sobre la movilidad de ambos sexos. Una mayor similitud genética promedio dentro de muestras femeninas sugiere mayor migración masculina (modelo de residencia posmarital matrilocal). A la inversa se deduce un modelo de residencia patrilocal y si no hay diferencias se infiere un modelo bilocal. Nuestro objetivo es conocer la divergencia genética entre grupos incas del altiplano del noroeste de Cusco utilizando caracteres cuantitativos del cráneo para estimar el parentesco, el número de migrantes por generación y el patrón de residencia posmarital. Los restos óseos empleados (99 cráneos masculinos y 75 femeninos) proviene de los sitios Paucarcancha, Patallacta y Torontoy. Se aplicaron técnicas de análisis multivariado y modelos derivados de la genética de poblaciones. Existen diferencias morfológicas entre los sitios a pesar de la escasa distancia geográfica. La divergencia genética fue de 0,035 (siete individuos migrantes por generación). La varianza dentro de grupos es similar en ambos sexos (modelo posmarital bilocal). Se discute la evidencia obtenida con otras localidades y subregiones del Área Andina Centro Meridional.
A DYNAMICAL SYSTEM PROOF OF NIVEN’S THEOREM AND ITS EXTENSIONS
Authors: PANRAKSA CHATCHAWAN , SAMART DETCHAT , SRIWONGSA SONGPON 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNiven’s theorem asserts that
$\{\cos (r\pi ) \mid r\in \mathbb {Q}\}\cap \mathbb {Q}=\{0,\pm 1,\pm 1/2\}.$
In this paper, we use elementary techniques and results from arithmetic dynamics to obtain an algorithm for classifying all values in the set
$\{\cos (r\pi ) \mid r\in \mathbb {Q}\}\cap K$
, where K is an arbitrary number field.
Associations of plasma retinol and α-tocopherol levels with skeletal muscle health in Chinese children
Authors: Huang Jiapeng , Zhang Xuanrui , Hong Zhen , Lin Xiaoping , Chen Fengyan , Lan Jing , Zhang Zheqing , Deng Hong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChildhood is a critical period for muscle accumulation. Studies in elders have reported that antioxidant vitamins could improve muscle health. However, limited studies have assessed such associations in children. This study included 243 boys and 183 girls. A seventy-nine-item FFQ was used to investigate dietary nutrients intake. Plasma levels of retinol and α-tocopherol were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with MS. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and total body fat. The ASM index (ASMI) and ASMI Z-score were then calculated. Hand grip strength was measured using a Jamar® Plus+ Hand Dynamometer. Fully adjusted multiple linear regression models showed that for each unit increase in plasma retinol content, ASM, ASMI, left HGS and ASMI Z-score increased by 2·43 × 10−3 kg, 1·33 × 10−3 kg/m2, 3·72 × 10−3 kg and 2·45 × 10−3 in girls, respectively (P < 0·001–0·050). ANCOVA revealed a dose–response relationship between tertiles of plasma retinol level and muscle indicators (Ptrend: 0·001–0·007). The percentage differences between the top and bottom tertiles were 8·38 %, 6·26 %, 13·2 %, 12·1 % and 116 % for ASM, ASMI, left HGS, right HGS and ASMI Z-score in girls, respectively (Pdiff: 0·005–0·020). No such associations were observed in boys. Plasma α-tocopherol levels were not correlated with muscle indicators in either sex. In conclusion, high circulating retinol levels are positively associated with muscle mass and strength in school-age girls.
Detection of lytic phage infecting flavour-producing strain of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei in the dairy effluents of Kerala
Authors: Chandran Archana , Beena Athrayil Kalathil , Vaiyapuri Murugadas , John Lijo , Rajakumar S. N. , Babu Sudheer , James Ligimol , Rahila Mundakka Paramban 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe performance of the starter culture is a critical factor that decides the quality of fermented milk. Dahi is a fermented milk product popular in India made using a mixed starter culture of lactic acid bacteria comprising acid and flavour producers. The prevalence of bacteriophages in the dairy environment can critically affect the activity of these starter cultures resulting in starter failure. As there is little information available on the occurrence of bacteriophages in the dairy environment of Kerala, this research communication examines the presence of lytic bacteriophages acting against three potential flavour-producing strains of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (Lc. paracasei). Dairy effluent samples were screened for the presence of phages against the strains of Lc. paracasei by the multiple host enrichment method. Plates showing clearance zone in spot assay were confirmed for the presence of phages by double-layer agar assay. The plaques obtained in the double-layer agar assay were purified for further identification by next-generation sequencing. A bacteriophage infecting one of the three strains of Lc. paracasei was detected by the plaque assay and the blast annotation of the bacteriophage sequence found 86.05% similarity of the phage to Siphoviridae family. The study endorses the need for monitoring phages in the dairy environment to control phage-related starter failure in the state of Kerala.
The Language ENvironment Analysis system (LENA): A validation study with Italian-learning children
Authors: BASTIANELLO Tamara , LORENZINI Irene , NAZZI Thierry , MAJORANO Marinella 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study is a validation of the LENA system for the Italian language. In Study 1, to test LENA’s accuracy, seventy-two 10-minute samples extracted from daylong LENA recordings were manually transcribed for 12 children longitudinally observed at 1;0 and 2;0. We found strong correlations between LENA and human estimates in the number of Adult Word Count (AWC) and Child Vocalisations Count (CVC) and a weak correlation between LENA and human estimates in Conversational Turns Count (CTC). In Study 2, to test the concurrent validity, direct and indirect language measures were considered on a sample of 54 recordings (19 children). Correlational analyses showed that LENA’s CVC and CTC were significantly related to the children’s vocal production, a parent report measure of prelexical vocalizations and the vocal reactivity scores. These results confirm that the automatic analyses performed by the LENA device are reliable and powerful for studying language development in Italian-speaking infants.