bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turning biology to life: some reflections
Authors: Vane-Wright Richard I 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis essay presents various reflections on living systems, what they are and how they evolve, prompted by editing Teleonomy in Living Systems (a special issue of the Biological Journal of the Linnean Society). Conclusions include the suggestion that the linked notions of teleonomy and agency represent fundamental properties of matter that become apparent only when organized in the way that we consider to be that of a living system. As such, they are factors that form part of the intrinsic ‘a priori’ of living systems, as they evolve in form through space and time. Biology, the science of life and living systems, needs to be ‘biological’ if it is to be anything at all. Understanding the role of teleonomy (internal, inherent goal-seeking) will always play a necessary part in this endeavour: teleonomy represents one of the fundamental properties of living systems.
An individual-level weighted artificial neural network method to improve the systematic bias in BrainAGE analysis
Authors: Lu Chunying , Li Bowen , Zhang Qianyue , Chen Xue , Pang Yajing , Lu Fengmei , Wu Yifei , Li Min , He Bifang , Chen Heng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
BrainAGE is a commonly used machine learning technique to measure the accelerated/delayed development pattern of human brain structure/function with neuropsychiatric disorders. However, recent studies have shown a systematic bias (“regression toward mean” effect) in the BrainAGE method, which indicates that the prediction error is not uniformly distributed across Chronological Ages: for the older individuals, the Brain Ages would be under-estimated but would be over-estimated for the younger individuals. In the present study, we propose an individual-level weighted artificial neural network method and apply it to simulation datasets (containing 5000 simulated subjects) and a real dataset (containing 135 subjects). Results show that compared with traditional machine learning methods, the individual-level weighted strategy can significantly reduce the “regression toward mean” effect, while the prediction performance can achieve the comparable level with traditional machine learning methods. Further analysis indicates that the sigmoid active function for artificial neural network shows better performance than the relu active function. The present study provides a novel strategy to reduce the “regression toward mean” effect of BrainAGE analysis, which is helpful to improve accuracy in exploring the atypical brain structure/function development pattern of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Intrinsic excitability of human right parietal cortex shapes the experienced visual size illusions
Authors: Wu Baoyu , Feng Bengang , Han Xue , Chen Lihong , Luo Wenbo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Converging evidence has found that the perceived visual size illusions are heritable, raising the possibility that visual size illusions might be predicted by intrinsic brain activity without external stimuli. Here we measured resting-state brain activity and 2 classic visual size illusions (i.e. the Ebbinghaus and the Ponzo illusions) in succession, and conducted spectral dynamic causal modeling analysis among relevant cortical regions. Results revealed that forward connection from right V1 to superior parietal lobule (SPL) was predictive of the Ebbinghaus illusion, and self-connection in the right SPL predicted the Ponzo illusion. Moreover, disruption of intrinsic activity in the right SPL by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) temporally increased the Ebbinghaus rather than the Ponzo illusion. These findings provide a better mechanistic understanding of visual size illusions by showing the causal and distinct contributions of right parietal cortex to them, and suggest that spontaneous fluctuations in intrinsic brain activity are relevant to individual difference in behavior.
Ambient noise autocorrelation scheme for imaging theP-wave reflectivity of the lithosphere
Authors: Gómez-García Clara , Lebedev Sergei , Meier Thomas , Xu Yihe , Le Pape Florian , Wiesenberg Lars 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYAmbient noise autocorrelations can be used to reconstruct the seismic reflection response of the Earth structure beneath single stations using continuous recordings without the need for either active sources or earthquakes. In the last decade, this technique has emerged as an inexpensive approach with the potential to provide similar information to that from the classical receiver function (RF) analysis. Previous studies have located and mapped discontinuities at different crustal depths with ambient noise autocorrelations by applying different processing techniques. An ambient noise autocorrelation function (ACF) provides the body-wave reflectivity of the local structure, assuming a homogeneous distribution of noise sources. However, an effective method design is required in order to determine a reliable reflection response. Here, we review the theory behind the ambient noise ACF method and design a workflow to obtain the P-wave reflectivity with a special focus on the Moho depth. In particular, we calculate a smooth function to fit and subtract the zero-lag component in the time domain, that is, the large-amplitude signal near 0 lag time in the ACF. The zero-lag component can interfere with the reflection component, so its removal allows us to increase the frequency band to use. We bandpass filter the ACFs between 1 and 6 s. We also derive and apply a phase shift correction in the ACFs due to the integration of a homogeneously distributed noise field dominated by distant sources from deep below, such as teleseismic sources. Both linear and nonlinear, phase-weighted stacks are used. Linear stacking is used to identify the main interfaces since it ensures the linearity of the processing steps; nevertheless, nonlinear, phase-weighted stacking help validate the coherent signals. We test and apply our method to continuous vertical recordings from three stations in Ireland and five stations in different cratons and obtain clear P-wave reflection from the Moho and other crustal and upper-mantle discontinuities in most cases. However, noise coming from local heterogeneities, non-homogeneous distribution of the ambient noise sources or instrumental noise is also expected. Therefore, additional, a priori information is desirable to help identify key phases in single ACFs. We compute synthetic ACFs using P-wave velocity (VP) models from controlled-source profiles in Ireland. The relatively complex ACF traces obtained at the stations in Ireland show a close data-synthetic match for the Moho and mid-crustal discontinuities. The ACF traces from the stations in different cratons are directly compared with receiver functions showing overall agreement and offering complementary information on the origin of the signal.
Distinctive seismic reflections from the subducting Pacific slab for earthquakes in the Ryukyu arc
Authors: Furumura Takashi , Kennett Brian L N 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARY
During moderate to deep (35–260 km) earthquakes within the Philippine-sea slab along the Ryukyu arc, distinctive later phases after S are observed across the Japanese archipelago for epicentral distances from 1500 to 2200 km, producing anomalous amplification of ground motion in central and northern Japan. Broad-band observations show that these later phases have a faster apparent wave speed (7–9.5 km s−1) than S, and are dominant at low frequencies (0.05–1 Hz), indicating S-wave reflections returned from the upper mantle with strong attenuation for high frequencies. Numerical simulation of seismic wave propagation in 3-D models including subduction of both the Pacific (PAC) and Philippine-sea (PHS) plates reveal the origin of these reflections. The triplicated S wave front from the 410 km discontinuity undergoes wide-angle reflection at the top of the Pacific slab bringing strong amplitudes in a narrow band of epicentral distance near 1500 km. Also, wide-angle S reflections at the 660 km discontinuity are reinforced by refraction when travelling through the high-wave speed Pacific slab; these arrive at the surface beyond 2000 km epicentral distance. The characteristics of the deep mantle reflections and the distribution of large ground motion across Japan due to the reflections are strongly dependent on the source depth and distance to the Ryukyu earthquakes. Tomographic imagery for western Japan indicates loss of the high-wave speed signal of the PAC slab below 200 km depth; the character of the large S reflections and pattern of enhanced ground motions favours a model in which the PAC slab is thinned rather than fully broken. The peculiar pattern of ground motion from Ryukyu earthquakes can be useful for constraining deep slab structures that are difficult to identify based on tomography.
RR Lyrae stars as probes of the outer Galactic halo: chemical and kinematic analysis of a pilot sample
Authors: Medina Gustavo E , Hansen Camilla J , Muñoz Ricardo R , Grebel Eva K , Vivas A Katherina , Carlin Jeffrey L , Martínez-Vázquez Clara E 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
We report the spectroscopic analysis of 20 halo ab-type RR Lyrae stars with heliocentric distances between 15 and 165 kpc, conducted using medium-resolution spectra from the Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle (MIKE) spectrograph. We obtain the systemic line-of-sight velocities of our targets with typical uncertainties of 5–10 km s−1 and compute orbital parameters for a subsample out to 50 kpc from the Galactic centre, including proper motion data from Gaia DR3. The orientation of our stars’ orbits, determined for an isolated Milky Way and for a model perturbed by the Large Magellanic Cloud, appears to suggest an accreted origin for at least half of the sample. In addition, we derive atmospheric parameters and chemical abundance ratios for seven stars beyond 20 kpc. The derived α-abundances of five of these stars follow a Milky Way halo-like trend, while the other two display an underabundance of α-elements for their [Fe/H], indicating an association with accretion events. Furthermore, based on the [Sr/Ba] ratio, we can speculate about the conditions for the formation of a potential chemically peculiar carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) RR Lyrae star. By analysing the stars’ orbital parameters and abundance ratios, we find hints of association of two of our stars with two massive satellites, namely the Large Magellanic Cloud and Sagittarius. Overall, our results are in line with the suggestion that the accretion of sub-haloes largely contributes to the outer halo stellar populations.
The Impact of Thoracic Ultrasound on Clinical Management of Critically Ill Patients (UltraMan): An International Prospective Observational Study*
Authors: Heldeweg Micah L. A. , Lopez Matta Jorge E. , Pisani Luigi , Slot Stefanie , Haaksma Mark E. , Smit Jasper M. , Mousa Amne , Magnesa Giovanna , Massaro Fabrizia , Touw Hugo R. W. , Schouten Viviane , Elzo Kraemer Carlos V. , van Westerloo David J. , Heunks Leo M. A. , Tuinman Pieter R. 
Published: December 2022

Objectives:
To investigate the impact of thoracic ultrasound (TUS) examinations on clinical management in adult ICU patients.

Design:
A prospective international observational study.

Setting:
Four centers in The Netherlands and Italy.

Patients:
Adult ICU patients (> 18 yr) that received a clinically indicated lung ultrasound examination.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Clinicians performing TUS completed a pre- and post-examination case report form. Patient characteristics, TUS, and resulting clinical effects were recorded. First, change of management, defined as a TUS-induced change in clinical impression leading to a change in treatment plan, was reported. Second, execution of intended management changes within 8 hours was verified. Third, change in fluid balance after 8 hours was calculated. A total of 725 TUS performed by 111 operators across 534 patients (mean age 63 ± 15.0, 70% male) were included. Almost half of TUS caused a change in clinical impression, which resulted in change of management in 39% of cases. The remainder of TUS confirmed the clinical impression, while a minority (4%) did not contribute. Eighty-nine percent of management changes indicated by TUS were executed within 8 hours. TUS examinations that led to a change in fluid management also led to distinct and appropriate changes in patient’s fluid balance.

Conclusions:
In this international observational study in adult ICU patients, use of TUS had a major impact on clinical management. These results provide grounds for future randomized controlled trials to determine if TUS-induced changes in decision-making also lead to improved health outcomes.
Family Quality of Life in Children with Severe or Profound Disability: Home Versus Residential Care
Authors: Karni-Visel Yael , Nasser Kareem , Manishevitch Hofit , Akrt Sahar , Schertz Mitchell 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT:

Background:
Most children with severe and profound intellectual disability (SPID) are cared for in their homes, according to current recommendations. Yet, their families face marked emotional, health, and economic challenges.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to examine family quality of life (FQOL) along with psychological and health factors among families who raise children with SPID at home versus those residing in residential care.

Methods:
Sixty caregivers of children aged 2 to 18 years (M = 8.81, SD = 4.62) with SPID (developmental quotient/intellectual quotient <35), living at home (38 caregivers—“home group”) or in residential care (22 caregivers—“residential group”), completed the FQOL Survey, Beck Depression Inventory, Parental Stress Index, Shame and Guilt Scale, and Health and Demographic questionnaires.

Results:
FQOL for most domains and dimensions was rated better among families whose child resides in residential care compared with families who raise their child at home. Similarly, parental stress relating to the child was worse among families who raise their children at home. No significant differences between the 2 groups were noted on other psychological or health measures.

Conclusion:
Family and individual needs for those raising a child with SPID at home should be addressed when planning policy and interventions.
Potential Points of Intervention to Minimize the Impact of Parents' Adverse Childhood Experiences on Child Mental Health
Authors: Buchanan Gretchen J. R. , Tate Allan D. , Barnes Andrew , Trofholz Amanda C. , Berge Jerica M. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Children of parents who experienced adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are at elevated risk for mental health (MH) issues. The goal of this study was to explore the relationships between parent ACEs and child MH and to identify potential mediators and points of psychosocial intervention.

Methods:
Participants were 1307 children aged 5 to 9 years from diverse backgrounds and their primary caregivers. Using cross-sectional questionnaire data, we used structural equation modeling to examine the research questions.

Results:
Parent ACEs were directly related to child MH issues (β = 0.189, p < 0.001). This relationship was fully mediated by parent MH (β = 0.374, p < 0.001; β = 0.246, p < 0.001) and positive parenting behaviors (β = −0.237, p < 0.001; β = −0.556, p < 0.001). High parent ACEs were negatively associated with parent MH (β = 0.374, p < 0.001), which was then negatively associated with parenting behaviors (β = −0.500, p < 0.001), which was then negatively associated with child MH (β = −0.600, p < 0.001). Parent MH maintained a significant, though attenuated, direct relationship with child MH (β = 0.102, p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Parents with high ACEs but who have good mental health and positive parenting behaviors demonstrated no impact of their ACEs on their children's mental health. Providing MH care to parents and parenting programs may be strategies for improving children's MH. Parenting behavior assessment is recommended for clinicians when pediatric patients present with MH concerns.
Food Insecurity and Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents: Does Federal Nutrition Assistance Act as a Buffer?
Authors: Frank Miranda L. , Sato Amy. F. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Food insecurity has been associated with a variety of adverse outcomes in adolescents. However, further research is needed to elucidate whether adolescent self-report food insecurity contributes to depressive symptoms. This study examined the (1) association between food insecurity and depressive symptoms and (2) moderating role of federal nutrition assistance in a nonclinical sample of adolescents.

Method:
Adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (N = 141) and one parent/guardian completed self-report questionnaires as part of 2 larger studies examining adolescent stress and eating behaviors. Adolescents (M age = 13.79 years, SD = 1.60, 53.9% female) completed measures of food insecurity and depressive symptoms.

Results:
A bootstrapped linear regression model demonstrated that adolescent food insecurity was significantly, positively associated with depressive symptoms, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.19–1.64), after controlling for biological sex. Among dyads eligible for federal nutrition assistance (N = 64), the interaction between adolescent food insecurity and National School Lunch Program (NSLP) participation did not reach significance, ΔF(1, 59) = 1.06, 95% CI (−3.80 to 9.29). The interaction between adolescent food insecurity and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation trended toward significance, ΔF(1, 59) = 2.88, 95% CI (−5.73 to 0.47).

Conclusion:
Adolescents with food insecurity may be at a greater risk for experiencing elevated depressive symptoms. Whereas NSLP participation did not act as a buffer, SNAP participation may attenuate the association between food insecurity and depressive symptoms. Larger longitudinal studies are needed to develop a greater understanding of factors that may alter the relationship between adolescent food insecurity and depressive symptoms.
Return to Sport After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty and Hemiarthroplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Franceschetti Edoardo , Gregori Pietro , Giovannetti de Sanctis Edoardo , Palumbo Alessio , Paciotti Michele , Maffulli Nicola , Franceschi Francesco 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
One of the most frequent concerns of the increasing number of patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty is the possibility to resume sport after surgery. This systematic review determined the rate of return to sport after total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and hemiarthroplasty (HA).

Materials and Methods:
The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed to perform this systematic review. A systematic electronic search was performed using the PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. All the studies analyzing the rates of reverse shoulder arthroplasties were pooled; data were extracted and statistically analyzed. Only studies with at least 10 adult patients recruited were considered. All studies had to relate return to sport after TSA or HA.

Results:
A total of 76 studies were included for a total of 694 patients. The mean age and average follow-up were, respectively, 64.5 years (range: 24 to 92 y) and 4.5 years (range: 0.5 to 12 y). The mean rate of return to sport ranged from 49.3% to 96.4%. The mean time to resume sports was 8.1 months. The overall rate of return to sport after the procedures, according to a random effect model, was 83%. The mean level of sports at the time of the survey was worsened in 9.4% (±2.82%), improved or reported from good to excellent in 55.6% (±13.6%), and did not change in 40% (±1.4) of patients.

Conclusions:
On the basis of current available data, return to sports after TSA and HA is possible and is highly frequent. The subjective level of practice does not change or improve in most patients. More studies and better designed trials are needed to enrich the evidence on specific sport recovery after the procedure.
Cognitive behavior therapy as dermatological treatment: a narrative review
Authors: Revankar Rishab R. , Revankar Nikita R. , Balogh Esther A. , Patel Heli A. , Kaplan Sebastian G. , Feldman Steven R. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is efficacious in treating numerous psychological disorders. It is also effective in combination with medication for chronic pain, diabetes, and other diseases. Patients with skin disease report high levels of stress, anxiety, and negative feelings.

Objective:
To summarize the findings on the utility of CBT for the improvement of skin status and quality of life in patients with dermatological conditions.

Methods:
PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant articles from database inception to the time of search (October 20, 2021). A total of 30 included studies featured 10 on psoriasis, 11 on atopic dermatitis, 4 on vitiligo, 4 on acne, and 1 study on alopecia areata.

Results:
Several studies, including randomized controlled trials with large study samples, support the effectiveness of CBT and Internet CBT for a number of dermatological conditions. Patients who completed CBT courses were less likely to rely on dermatological healthcare during follow-up.

Limitations:
There are a limited number of studies discussing the implementation of CBT for alopecia, acne, and vitiligo.

Conclusion:
Patients who underwent CBT or Internet CBT in addition to skin care demonstrated improvement with quality of life and severity of skin disease as compared to controls only receiving standard of care treatment.
Strain-Specificity of Probiotics in Pediatrics: A Rapid Review of the Clinical Evidence
Authors: Jankiewicz Mateusz , Łukasik Jan , Kotowska Maja , Kołodziej Maciej , Szajewska Hania 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
The dogma of probiotic strain-specificity is widely accepted. However, only the genus- and species-specific effects of probiotics are supported by evidence from clinical trials. The aim of this rapid review was to assess clinical evidence supporting the claim that the efficacy of probiotics in the pediatric population is strain-specific.

Methods:
The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases were searched (up to August 2022) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in children aged 0–18 years evaluating the effects of prophylactic or therapeutic administration of probiotics (well-characterized at the strain level) for conditions such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea, acute diarrhea, necrotizing enterocolitis, respiratory tract infections, Helicobacter pylori infection, and atopic dermatitis. To allow evaluation of strain-specificity, a trial could only be included in the review if at least one additional RCT assessed the effect of a different strain of the same species against the same comparator. RCTs without proper strain-level data were excluded. In the absence of identifying head-to-head strain versus strain RCTs, indirect comparisons were made between interventions.

Results:
Twenty-three RCTs were eligible for inclusion. Out of the 11 performed comparisons, with 1 exception (two Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strains in reducing atopic dermatitis symptoms), no significant differences between the clinical effects of different strains of the same probiotic species were found.

Conclusions:
Head-to-head comparison is an optimal study design to compare probiotic strains, but such comparisons are lacking. Based on indirect comparisons, this rapid review demonstrates insufficient clinical evidence to support or refute the claim that probiotic effects in children are strain-specific.