bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Effect of Meteorological Parameters on Malaria Epidemiology: Identification of an Optimal Model for Application
Authors: Egbom S. E. , Nduka F.O. , Nzeako S.O. , Nwafor G.O. , Bartholomew D.C. , Nwaigwe C.C. , Iwu H.C , Nwokike C.I. , Opara M.C. , Ezenwaka C.O. , Anyanwu E.O. , Akanno F.C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background:
This study aims to investigate the relationship between meteorological parameters and malaria epidemiology to identify an optimal model for predicting and understanding the spread of malaria in Rivers State of Nigeria. Malaria remains a significant public health concern, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, where climatic factors play a crucial role in its transmission dynamics. By analyzing historical malaria and meteorological data from Rivers State, we developed a comprehensive modeling framework to quantify the impact of meteorological parameters on malaria incidence.
Method:
Five statistical models for count data were employed to identify the most influential meteorological variables and establish their associations with malaria transmission.
Results:
The results obtained show that, the best count data model out of the five models considered in this study is the Quasi-Poisson Regression Model because it resulted to smaller Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values. The Quasi-Poisson Regression Model showed that none of the meteorological variables used in the models were significant at 5% level of significance in predicting the number of cases of malaria in the study location.
Conclusion:
The findings of this study highlight the need for a multifaceted approach to malaria control in Rivers State, addressing not only the meteorological factors but also the biological, social and economic determinants of the disease. The identified optimal model serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, and healthcare practitioners, enabling them to make informed decisions and implement targeted interventions to mitigate the impact of malaria outbreaks.
A catastrophe identification method for rainfall time series coupled sequential Mann-Kendall algorithm and Bernaola Galvan algorithm: a case study of the Qinglong River watershed, China
Authors: Liu Xingpo , Jia Chenchen , Chai Yaozhi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe identification of rainfall catastrophe characteristics is important for rainfall consistency testing in hydrostatistical analysis. In this study, a new classification method (trend, mean and change-rate catastrophe) was proposed and applied to the Qinglong River watershed, Northern China. Two groups of algorithms were compared to obtain the optimal algorithm: the Cumulative-anomaly method and the Sequential Mann-Kendall (SQ-MK) algorithm, the Pettitt algorithm and the Bernaola-Galvan heuristic segmentation (B-G) algorithm. Its parameters were optimized and its robustness was tested. Results revealed that: (1) The SQ-MK algorithm was suitable for trend catastrophe and sensitive to the length of the time series. The most significant point of trend catastrophe in the Qinglong River watershed was in 2012. (2) The sensitivity of parameter P0 (Range value (R) = 4.333) in the B-G algorithm was greater than that of parameter l0 (R = 2.889). (3) The B-G algorithm was suitable for identifying mean catastrophes and insensitive to the length of the time series. In the Qinglong River watershed, mean catastrophe points were identified in 1997, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2012, and 2018. (4) There was no change-rate catastrophe point in the Qinglong River watershed. Trend catastrophe and mean catastrophe do not necessarily lead to change-rate catastrophe.
Pyrazole; A Privileged Scaffold of Medicinal Chemistry: A Comprehensive
Review
Authors: Kumar Ram , Sharma Raksha , Sharma Dinesh Kumar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
Pyrazole is considered an important active scaffold that possesses various types of pharmacological
activities. The overwhelming literature reported earlier reflects the immense biological
potential of pyrazole derivatives. The presence of this moiety in various FDA-approved drugs,
including celecoxib (anti-inflammatory), apixaban (anticoagulant), rimonabant (anti-obesity), difenamizole
(analgesic), and sildenafil (for erectile dysfunction), has proved its pharmacological potential.
Owing to its diversity in the biological field, this nucleus has attracted the attention of
many researchers to study its skeleton chemically and biologically. This review highlights the literature
supporting the research of the past 10 years related to the structures of pyrazole derivatives
with their corresponding biological activities. The findings of this review may open new avenues
for an upcoming scientific breakthrough.
Detection of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Non-invasive Tools
in Turkish People Living with HIV and with Apparently Normal Liver
Function
Authors: Başaran Nursel Çalık , İdilman İlkay , Tokuçoğlu Hayriye Altunay , Onur Mehmet Ruhi , Sönmezer Meliha Çağla , Özışık Lale , Karçaaltıncaba Muşturay , İnkaya Ahmet Çağkan , Ünal Serhat 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a significant cause of
mortality and morbidity in people living with HIV.

Objective:
We aimed to investigate NAFLD presence by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods,
including MRI-derived proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) and MRE, and ultrasound elastography
among Turkish people living with HIV (PLWH), and identify factors correlated with fatty liver.

Methods:
We included 57 PLWH attending outpatient clinics on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for
more than six months, without HBV/HCV co-infection, significant alcohol consumption, active opportunistic
infection, previously diagnosed hepatobiliary disease, T2DM, and hyperlipidemia. We
performed MRI, MRE, and US elastography on all participants.

Results:
The mean age of the participants (M/F, 47/10) was 41.7± 12 years. The median duration of
HIV infection was 3 (0.5-19 years) years. The mean MRI-PDFF was 4.4 ± 3.8 %, and 11 had fatty
liver. The mean MRE value was 2.27 ± 0.6 kPa, inflammation was present in 16, and 4 participants
had values consistent with fibrosis. The mean US elastography of the study population was 4.1±2.4
kPa. The mean right and left CCA intima-media of the study population was 0.65± 0.23 mm and
0.66± 0.25 mm; 16 had increased intima-media thickness. In patients with fatty liver, a significant
positive correlation was present between MRE and CCA intima-media thickness (rs=0.82, p:0.006 for
MRE-left CCA; r=0.68, p=0.042 for MRE-right CCA).

Conclusion:
We demonstrated that even a significant proportion of PLWH individuals with normal
transaminase levels have fatty liver. Future prospective trials are warranted to understand and mitigate
the risk factors, course of NAFLD, and accurate non-invasive tests, predicting fibrosis in people living
with HIV.
In-silico Study of Secondary Metabolites as Potential Inhibitors of NEF and P24 Protein of HIV-1
Authors: Singh Krishna Vijay Kumar 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has been a major global health concern for over 38 years. No safe and effective preventive or therapeutic vaccine has been developed although many products have been investigated.

Methods:
This computational study was conducted on plant-based active compounds against HIV-1 NEF and p24 protein to obtain and complexes with high binding scores were used for two-dimensional interaction studies via Ligplot to explore hydrogen bond and hydrophobic bond formation. ADMET analysis for best phytocompounds was performed using DruLito, ALOGPS, and PROTOX II.

Results:
According to the study conducted, phytocompounds like, Protostrychnine, Isostrychnine, Pseudo-Alpha-Colubrine, Alpha-Colubrine, Camptothecin, Benzo[f]quinoline, and (+) -Camptothecin are safe to be considered as a potential drug candidate after experimental validation against NEF and p24 proteins of HIV-1. While, Picrasidine M, Chaetochromin, 3’,3’-Binaringenin, and Sequoiaflavone displayed high binding scores of -10.8, -8.2, -9.5, -9.2 and -9.0, -8.8, -10.6, -9.0 respectively for NEF and p24 protein. All drugs belong to the toxicity class of either 4 or 5. They are inactive for hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity but active for immunogenicity.

Conclusion:
For further validation of the results the phytocompounds can be extracted through solvent extraction method and tested on cell lines or animal models for their effectiveness.
The Effect of Renal Replacement Therapy in a Patient with Mercaptopurine
Toxicity: Time to Revise Guidelines
Authors: Quaedvlieg H.J.L. , Polderman F.N. , Borkent M. , Jonge De H.J.M. , Annema P.A. , Derijks L.J.J. , Sikma M.A. , Bethlehem C. 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
Mercaptopurine, a thiopurine, is used in various disorders of immune regulation,
such as autoimmune hepatitis. Thiopurine metabolism is complex with risk for overdosing,
especially when metabolism is impaired by liver dysfunction. Hepatotoxicity may be due to mercaptopurine
overdose and is often reversible after prompt cessation of the drug.

Case Presentation:
Treatment of thiopurine toxicity is mainly supportive and literature on enhanced
elimination by renal replacement therapy is ambiguous.

Conclusion:
In this case of thiopurine toxicity, a patient with autoimmune hepatitis presents with
abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. We show in this case report that renal replacement
therapy had no effect on total body clearance of mercaptopurine.
Discovery of New Quinazoline Derivatives as VEGFR-2 Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis,
and Anti-proliferative Studies
Authors: Dhawale Sachin A. , Dabhade Pratap S. , Mokale Santosh N. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
In cancer, Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are powerful oncoproteins that can lead to uncontrolled
cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis when mutated or overexpressed, making them crucial targets for
cancer treatment. In endothelial cells, one of them is vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), a tyrosine
kinase receptor that is produced and is the most essential regulator of angiogenic factors involved in tumor angiogenesis.
So, a series of new N-(4-(4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yloxy)phenyl)-N-phenyl cyclopropane-1,1-
dicarboxamide derivatives as VEGFR-2 inhibitors have been designed and synthesized.

Methods:
The designed derivatives were synthesized and evaluated using H-NMR, C13-NMR, and Mass spectroscopy.
The cytotoxicity was done with HT-29 and COLO-205 cell lines. The potent compound was further studied for Vegfr-
2 kinase inhibition assay. Furthermore, the highest activity compound was tested for cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
The molecular docking investigation was also done with the help of the Glide-7.6 program interfaced with Maestro-
11.3 of Schrodinger 2017. The molecular dynamics simulation was performed on the Desmond module of Schrodinger.

Results:
Compound SQ2 was observed to have promising cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 3.38 and 10.55 μM) in comparison
to the reference drug Cabozantinib (IC50 = 9.10 and 10.66 μM) against HT-29 and COLO-205, respectively. The synthesized
compound SQ2 showed VEGFR-2 kinase inhibition activity (IC50 = 0.014 μM) compared to the reference
drug, Cabozantinib (IC50 = 0.0045 μM). Moreover, compound SQ2 strongly induced apoptosis by arresting the cell
cycle in the G1 and G2/M phases. The docking study was performed to understand the binding pattern of the new
compounds to the VEGFR-2 active site. Docking results attributed the potent VEGFR-2 inhibitory effect of the new
compounds as they bound to the key amino acids in the active site, Asp1044, and Glu883, as well as their hydrophobic
interaction with the receptor's hydrophobic pocket. The advanced computational study was also done with the help of
molecular dynamics simulation.

Conclusion:
The findings show that the developed derivatives SQ2 and SQ4 are equally powerful as cabozantinib at
cellular and enzymatic levels. The apoptosis and cell cycle results show that the proposed compounds are potent. This
research has provided us with identical or more potent VEGFR-2 inhibitors supported by the results of docking studies,
molecular dynamics simulation, cytotoxic actions, in vitro VEGFR-2 inhibition, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest.
AEROBIC BACTERIAL PROFILE AND ANTIBIOGRAM OF BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGES IN PULMONARY INFECTIONS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: M. SRIVALLI , S. SWAPNA , P. RATNA KUMARI , P. KAMALA 
Published: July 2023

Objective: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are one of the common clinical problems in community and hospital settings and the commonest causes of morbidity and mortality. In pulmonary infections, BAL fluid sample has high sensitivity and reliability in diagnosis. To determine the distribution of bacterial isolates in BAL samples and antibiotic sensitivity patterns in most frequently isolated bacterial pathogens other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Methods: The study was conducted on 218 BAL samples received in the microbiology laboratory, Andhra Medical College from various wards of King George Hospital; Visakhapatnam; Andhra Pradesh, over a period of one year (from January 2022 to December 2022). All samples were processed according to standard microbiology protocols. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per the CLSI guidelines 2022.
Results: Total 218 BAL samples were studied. Among 218 BAL samples, 144(66%) samples were from male patients and 74(34%) samples from female patients. Out of 218 samples, 119(55%) were culture positive and 99(45%) were culture negative. Among 119 bacterial isolates, most predominant pathogen was Klebsiella pneumoniae 51(42.8%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 46(38.6%), Escherichia coli 11(9.2%), Enterobacter species 6(5.0%), Acinetobacter species 3(2.5%) and Staphylococcus aureus 2(1.68%). Out of these isolated pathogens, Gram-negative bacilli were more. These gram-negative isolates were most sensitive to Piperacillin-Tazobactam (74.3%) followed by Meropenem (71.7%), Amikacin (60.6%) and least sensitive to Ceftazidime (39.3%) and Cefotaxime (37.6%).
Conclusion: The present study shows that gram-negative bacilli were more commonly isolated in BAL samples and the bacterial isolates were most sensitive to Piperacillin-Tazobactam and Meropenem and highly resistance to Cefotaxime and Ceftazidime. Hence, formulating a regular antibiogram in hospitals will help in developing local antibiotic policies, which may provide better patient management and judicious use of antibiotics by clinicians to prevent the risk of the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens.
A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED CONTROL STUDY COMPARING POST-OPERATIVE ANALGESIA AFTER WOUND INFILTRATION WITH ROPIVACAINE ALONE AND ROPIVACAINE WITH DEXMEDETOMIDINE IN SPINE FIXATION SURGERIES WITH PROSTHESIS
Authors: KONNUR SHASHI RAVI , LAMBA P. S. , SHIVI  
Published: July 2023

Objective: To compare postoperative analgesia after wound infiltration with ropivacaine alone and ropivacaine with dexmedetomidine in spine fixation surgeries with prosthesis. This is aprospective randomized double-blind clinical trial.
Methods: A total of 60 patients were recruited in this study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Written informed consent was obtained from every patient. Patients were randomized by computer-generated randomization into two groups. Group R received an injection ropivacaine 0.5% in a dose of 2 mg/kg for wound infiltration, while those in group RD received an injection dexmedetomidine 0.5mcg/Kg along with ropivacaine 0.5% 2 mg/kg for wound infiltration at the end of surgery. Patients were observed till 24 h postoperatively. VAS score, duration of analgesia, total rescue analgesic consumption, any side effects were observed and noted at specified time intervals.
Results: VAS score was found to be lower in group RD at any time interval till 24 h postoperatively, with a p value = 0.004. Time to first rescue analgesic demand was 281.43±11.1 min in group R while it was 912.57±52.61 min in group RD. This difference was found to be statistically significant (p value = 0.01). In group R, 200±39.39 mg of tramadol was consumed as rescue analgesic, while in group RD 136.67±28.42 mg of tramadol was consumed till 24 h post-operatively. Tramadol consumption was found to be significantly low in group RD (p =0.007). No significant side effect was observed in either of the groups.
Conclusion: Based on our study, we conclude that dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to ropivacaine for local wound infiltration improves analgesic profile, increase analgesia duration and reduces opioid requirement in patients undergoing spine surgeries with prosthesis.
IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF PLATELETS FROM EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS WITH C. PAPAYA LEAF EXTRACT
Authors: D. B. ADARSH , MURUGAIAN ELANGO E. 
Published: July 2023

Objective: The depletion of platelets in patients under different clinical conditions like thrombocytopenia is often associated with a significant mortality factor. Alternative modes of platelet propagation from other resources, including stem cells, are evaluated under in vitro conditions. Embryonic stem (ES) cells can proliferate and differentiate into various cell types. This study evaluated the generation of functional platelets from embryonic stem cells with C. papaya leaf extract through a controlled sequential pathway to meet the clinical demand.
Methods: In vitro culture of embryonic stem cells was carried out with the help of growth factors and a suitable medium. The differentiated megakaryocytes and platelets were analyzed by staining, flow cytometer and functional studies. The normal megakaryocytes were compared with the megakaryocytes differentiated from Embryonic Stem cells.
Results: The platelets derived from embryonic stem cells are morphologically identical to normal platelets isolated from peripheral blood, and the number of viable cells was analyzed by flow cytometer. The distinctive two waves of platelet production represented normal primitive and definitive hematopoiesis.
Conclusion: This study is a preliminary milestone in platelet propagation from embryonic stem cells with C. papaya leaf extract. The differentiation of ESCs into megakaryocyte-mediated platelets with C. papaya leaf extract has shown valuable information on the positive effects that embryonic stem cells can be used for large-scale platelet production.
COMPARISON BETWEEN BASKA MASK AND I-Gel INSERTION IN MINOR SURGERIESUNDER GENERAL ANAESTHESIA IN PATIENT AGED 18-50 Y:-A RANDOMIZEDINTERVENTIONAL STUDY
Authors: MEENA SUNITA , SHARMA NANDANI , MEENA JEETAM SINGH , MALAV KAMALESH KUMAR 
Published: July 2023

Objective: The supraglottic airway (SAD) is considered a viable alternative to endotracheal intubation, particularly in cases where SAD is not contraindicated. SAD plays a crucial role in difficult airway algorithms, offering unobstructed oxygenation and ventilation, as well as providing hemodynamic stability with minimal laryngopharyngeal morbidity. The LMA-classic, introduced by Archie Brain in 1983, was the first second-generation SAD used in clinical practice. Over time, numerous advancements have led to the development of improved second-generation SADs.
Methods: This study aims to compare the efficacy and advantages of different supraglottic airway devices. Two types of second-generation SADs were evaluated:I-gel (Intersurgical, Wokingham, UK) and a novel device called Baska Mask, which belongs to the third generation of SADs. The evaluation criteria included ease of insertion, oropharyngeal sealing pressure, ability to drain gastric fluid, prevention of malposition, sealing pressure during controlled ventilation and spontaneous breathing, and reduction of respiratory complications.
Results: The second-generation SADs, including the I-gel, are easy to insert and offer high oropharyngeal sealing pressure. They have a gastric channel to drain gastric fluid, reducing aspiration risk. The I-gel, a new latex-free SAD with a noninflatable cuff made of medical-grade thermoplastic elastomer, provides a superior seal, resulting in lower respiratory complications compared to earlier SADs. It ensures effective sealing during controlled ventilation and spontaneous breathing. The third-generation Baska Mask combines the advantages of second-generation LMAs and provides higher seal pressure during IPPV by apposing to the glottis, distinguishing it from non-inflatable cuff devices like the I-gel.
Conclusion: Supraglottic airway devices, particularly second-generation SADs like I-gel, offer effective airway management alternatives to endotracheal intubation. These devices provide ease of insertion, high oropharyngeal sealing pressure, and the ability to drain gastric fluid, reducing the risk of complications. The third-generation device, Baska Mask, exhibits enhanced seal pressure during IPPV, making it a promising advancement in airway management.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PANCYTOPENIA: UNDERSTANDING BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION AND REGULATION IN THE BONE MARROW
Authors: SHARMA ANUJ , TOMAR VIJETA , AGARWAL NAMRATA , SHARMA SUDHAKAR 
Published: July 2023

Objective: The bone marrow is the primary site for blood cell formation, responsible for the production and export of red cells, platelets, and granulocytes. Pancytopenia is a condition characterized by a reduction in all three types of cellular components in peripheral blood, leading to symptoms of marrow failure. The management and prognosis of pancytopenia depend on identifying the underlying pathology.
Methods: The pathophysiology of pancytopenia involves various factors such as infections, toxins, malignant cell infiltration, suppression, or ineffective hematopoiesis. Bone marrow examination, including aspiration and trephine biopsy, is crucial for diagnosing pancytopenia, especially when the cause is unclear or when malignancy is suspected. Geographic distribution and genetic disturbances contribute to variations in the incidence of disorders causing pancytopenia.
Results: The study aims to evaluate the various causes of pancytopenia and correlate peripheral blood findings with bone marrow aspirate and trephine biopsy. The collected data will assist in planning the diagnostic and therapeutic approach for patients with pancytopenia.
Conclusion: Pancytopenia involves disruptions in blood cell production and regulation. Bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy are crucial for diagnosis. Understanding blood cell regulation provides insights. This study aims to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for pancytopenia.