bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching Simple Structure by Using Snakes and Ladders Games to Improve Students’ Speaking Skill
Authors: Hadi Muhammad Wahyu , - Masyudi - 
Published: February 2023

This article discusses teaching strategies in teaching simple structure with snakes and ladders games to improve students’ speaking skill. Specifically, this article presents how teaching through games can improve students’ speaking by using snake and ladder games in simple structure. Teaching English by using board game materials (snakes and ladders) is great for learning English simple structure. This activity allows students to improve their understanding. This game is a simple and fun media for students. It can be found that from observation, questionnaires and writing and speaking exercises in learning English by using the ladder snake game. From the questionnaire data, it can be seen that all student answers that media board games can improve students' speaking ability. The sample of the research is class VII A MTS Sulamul Ma’ad Penujak in academic year 2022/2023 and there are 20 students in this class consisting of 7 male and 13 female. The data collection used direct observation techniques, measurement techniques and documentation techniques. The techniques of data analysis used descriptive and qualitativeIt was found that students enjoy, interesting, learn while playing, effective, understand, think creatively and remember the material. The use of the ladder snake game to teach speaking and writing competence improves students' ability in simple structure. This media is not only easy but also brings many advantages and effectiveness in teaching English. This was seen in the pre-test, cycle I, and cycle II in learning processes. It increased by 40% during the learning process from the pre-test to the Cycle I, taking the overall proportion to 85%. This may be because students are unfamiliar with the learning process by using the games of snakes and ladders. These were well implemented with an average category score of 75.72. The increase in student learning outcomes recorded a 10% increase from Cycle I to Cycle II, while the overall percentage of passing students increased to 85%. In other words, improving student learning outcomes at each level is a good improvement category with an average score of 80.33.Keywords: teaching, simple structure, snakes and ladders, fun, understanding
Strategi Pembelajaran Guru Akidah Akhlak dalam Membina Karakter Siswa
Authors: Syarifudin Syarifudin , Iskandar Muhamad Rozi  
Published: February 2023

Strategi pembelajaran yang digunakan guru akidah akhlak dalam membina karakter dengan upaya-upaya dan pembinaan-pembinaan juga pembiasaan-pembiasaan. keteteladan bagi para siswa dengan menampilkan perilaku baik, tutur kata yang baik, berpakaian yang rapi, jujur, hormat serta tegas dalam segala hal. Guru akidah akhlak juga berperan aktif untuk mengajak siswa untuk kebaikan. Guru akidah akhlakjuga memberikan arahan, bimbingan serta nasehat pada siswa untuksenantiasa melakukan kebaikan dan berakhlak terpuji.Adapun metode yang digunakan guru akidah akhlak dalam membina karaktersiswa adalah metode contoh atau modeling, teladan, pemberian nasehat, pembiasaan, dan hukuman.
Pit and fissure sealants – an update
Authors: O'Neill Deirdre , Kinirons Michael , Harding Mairead , Nayyar Junaid 
Published: February 2023

##Purpose To evaluate evidence on pit and fissure sealants available since the publication: Pit and fissure Sealants: Evidence-based guidance on the use of sealants for the prevention and management of pit and fissure caries (2010) and assess whether there is a need to adapt current practice, considering the Covid-19 pandemic. ##Process Search Strategy: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Guideline International Network and Medline through PubMed databases were searched from January 2010 to June 2020. The guidelines that were used as a basis for the original guideline were also searched for updates. Ninety-six relevant papers were identified. In-vitro studies and review papers were excluded, and the 35 remaining studies were critically appraised, with results from relevant studies tabulated including the strength of the evidence. ##Results 1. Pit and fissure sealants are effective and should be placed on first and second permanent molars. 2. Non-operative cleaning of fissures using a toothbrush or bristle brush is recommended. Mechanical preparation of fissures is not recommended. 3. Patients should be recalled at six-month intervals, or more frequently based on caries risk level. 4. Fluoride application can be considered when pit and fissure sealants cannot be satisfactorily placed and patients recalled within three to six months depending on caries risk level. Further research is required to establish: 1. 5. The use of self-etching agents. 2. 6. The use of a bonding agent when placing sealants. ##Conclusions Processes should be put in place to ensure regular updating of guidelines.
Analysis of Embryo Development and Early Performance of Larvae of Barbonymus Schwanenfeldii: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mafruchati Maslichah , Makuwira Jonathan 
Published: February 2023

Tengadak fish is a freshwater fish that can be found in rivers, lakes and canals and ditches. One of the important phases in fish development is the embryo. Embryo development (embryogenesis) is more in the process of formation and development of the embryo, not only the increase in the number and mass of embryonic blastomer cells but also the activity of blastomeric cells.The purpose of this study was to analyze the stages of embryonic development and early larval performance in Tengadak fish (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii). This study used systematic literature review using data from PubMed, NCBI, Google Scholar databases using keywords, namely, “embryo, performance, Tengadak fish (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii)”. Approximately, 350 articles were obtained for the keywords “embryo, performance, Tengadak fish (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii)”. All articles were selected based on inclusion criteria and exclusion and obtained as many as 27 articles that meet the inclusion criteria From the results of research conducted, it can be concluded that this research has sequentially described the embryonic development and early performance of the larvae of the barbonymus schwanenfeldii. Need research on the other animal for future research.
KEDUDUKAN DAN WEWENANG MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI DALAM SISTEM KETATANEGARAAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA
Authors: Masrufah  , Wibowo Arif 
Published: February 2023

kelembagaan atau dalam tata keorganisasian, keberadaan Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai salah satu badan peradilan yang tidak berada di bawah Mahkamah Agung, sebagaimana badan-badan peradilan lainnya dan hal ini berarti terdapat dua badan peradilan tertinggi dalam kekuasaan kehakiman, yakni Mahkamah Agung dan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Permasalahan yang telah ada , ialah Bagaimana fungsi dan kedudukan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Republik Indonesia. Kedudukan Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai lembaga Negara yang mandiri di bidang yudisial dan berimplikasi terhadap Mahkamah Agung, jika sebelumnya kedudukan Mahkamah Agung adalah Badan Peradilan tertinggi yang membawahi seluruh Pengadilan di Negara Republik Indonesia, kini ada satu badan peradilan yang tidak berada di bawah, bahkan kedudukannya sejajar dengan Mahkamah Agung yaitu Mahkamah Konstitusi bahkan Mahkamah Konstitusi melalui kewenangan konstitusionalnya untuk menguji konstitusionalitas Undang-Undang, dapat menunda pelaksanaan kewenangan Mahkamah Agung dalam menguji Peraturan Perundang-undangan yang tingkatannya dibawah Undang-Undang terhadap Undang-undang.
Life Cycle Funds: A "Stage in Life" Investment Alternative
Authors: Swales George , Chang Edward , Bowdidge John 
Published: February 2023

Investors in today's market have a relatively new mutual fund investment alternative to consider: Life Cycle Funds. The primary appeal of this type of investment is its "set it and forget it" approach to investing. Investors and employees with little time to oversee and manage their investment portfolios are drawn to this category of fund.
Demand for this relatively new type of fund, first introduced in the 1990s, is reflected in their rapid growth. Life-cycle fund assets grew 60% in 2005 from the prior year to $70.1 billion (Laise, 2006). The number of offerings has increased significantly, so much so that Morningstar recently introduced three new categories of life-cycle funds. (Morningstar, 2005)
This research focuses on the relatively new life cycle funds and answers questions regarding their availability, expenses, turnover, risk and return. A comparison of these variables is made with the total universe of mutual funds. Investors are provided information to utilize in making a more informed investment decision.
Objektivitet og subjektivering i socialt arbejde
Authors: Nissen Morten 
Published: February 2023

Artiklen søger at bidrage til et tvær- og “transvidenskabeligt” forskningsprojekt om velfærdsstatens kultur. Først diskuteres overordnet grænsefladerne mellem psykologi og kulturvidenskab, sådan som de tegner sig alment i vækstlaget for kritisk psykologi. Dernæst analyseres, med udgangspunkt i data fra det sociale udviklingsprojekt “Vilde Læreprocesser”, måder hvorpå socialt arbejde fremstilles ideologisk som humanistisk værdibaseret netværksarbejde, og hvordan en sådan fremstilling kan overskrides kritisk ved at se på dets objektivering i sproglige artefakter, i magtforhold, og i vidensformer. Den problematik, der herved bliver ridset op, er hvordan subjektivering veksler med og realiseres igennem ob- jektivitet i forskellige former i velfærdsstatens sociale arbejde. I hovedtræk argumenteres for, at en dybere forståelse af det sociale arbejde i velfærdsstaten må overvinde den gængse dikotomisering (adskillelse og modstilling) mellem subjektivitet og objektivitet – og derfor mellem hvad jeg kalder det “autentiske” og det “uautentiske” sociale arbejde – til fordel for et begreb om socialt arbejde som en kritisk proces, der realiserer velfærdsstaten som en selvoverskridende statsform.
Parenting styles, maladaptive coping styles, and disturbed eating attitudes and behaviors: a multiple mediation analysis in patients with feeding and eating disorders
Authors: Khosravi Mohsen , Seyedi Asl Seyed Teymur , Nazari Anamag Alireza , SabzehAra Langaroudi Milad , Moharami Jafar , Ahmadi Sadegh , Ganjali Alireza , Ghiasi Zahra , Nafeli Mohammad , Kasaeiyan Rashya 
Published: February 2023

Background
Although preliminary studies support the roles of unhealthy parenting styles and maladaptive coping styles in increasing rates of disturbed eating attitudes and behaviors (EAB) and clinically significant feeding and eating disorders (FED), underlying mechanisms have not been well-recognized. This study aims to investigate the factors associated with disturbed EAB and the mediating roles of overcompensation and avoidance coping styles in the relationship between different types of parenting styles and disturbed EAB among patients with FED.

Methods
A total of 102 patients with FED in Zahedan, Iran, participating in this cross-sectional study (from April to March 2022) completed a sociodemographic information form and self-report measures of parenting styles, maladaptive coping styles, and EAB. Model 4 of Hayes’ PROCESS macro in SPSS was employed to identify and explain the mechanism or process that underlies an observed relationship between study variables.

Results
The results showed that authoritarian parenting style, overcompensation and avoidance coping styles, and female gender might be related to disturbed EAB. The overall hypothesis that overcompensation and avoidance coping styles mediated the effect of fathers’ and mothers’ authoritarian parenting styles on disturbed EAB was also supported.

Conclusions
Our findings highlighted the necessity of evaluating particular unhealthy parenting styles and maladaptive coping styles as the important possible risk factors in the development and maintenance of higher level of disturbance in EAB among patients with FED. However, more research is needed to explore individual, family, and peer risk factors for disturbed EAB among these patients.
Quality of Saffron in Oman Markets
Authors: Al-Farsi M. , Al-Belushi S. , Al-Amri A. , Al-Hadhrami A. , Al-Alawi A. 
Published: February 2023

Saffron is the most expensive spice in the world, it is highly valued as a culinary spice for its flavor and color properties. Since saffron is an expensive product, it is cheated by the dealers, therefore, quality control of saffron is important for the spice industries and also the consumers. This study aims to evaluate the saffron quality in Omani markets according to the ISO standard. A total of 21 saffron samples were examined; 2 in powder form and 19 in filaments. The samples of saffron were purchased from different hyper-markets and local markets in Muscat, Oman. Saffron’s commercial value is determined according to the ISO standard which include moisture, ash, acid insoluble ash, extract %, sulfuric test, artificial colors, spectrum, Flavor, aroma and color. The saffron samples were in line with standard in terms of moisture, ash, acid insoluble ash and extract %. The two powder saffron samples failed in sulfuric, spectrum and flavor tests. From the 19 samples of saffron filament, three samples were failed to achieve the flavor and color limits required by the standard. This failure to standard quality could be due to poor processing condition such as drying and packaging or due to adulteration. The standard parameters could not distinguish between low quality and adulteration due to its limited and unspecific parameters. Therefore, we recommend improving the saffron standard with parameters targeting adulteration.
Improving Growth and Yield Performance of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under the Effects of Soil Amendments and Planting Geometry
Authors: Issahaku Zakaria , Amenyogbe Mawuli Korsi , Gyamfi Raphael Adu , Assuman Samuel 
Published: February 2023

A field study was carried out at the University for Development Studies Experimental Field, Nyankpala, Ghana, to evaluate the growth and yield of sesame under the influence of planting geometry and soil amendments. The trial was a split plot laid out in a Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design in Triplicate. The main plot treatments were three planting geometry (G1 = 45 x 15, G2 = 60 x 10, and G3 = 75 x 15 cm), and the sub-plot treatments were four soil amendments with a control [F0 = 0 t ha-1, F1 = 16 t ha-1 compost, F2 = 16 t ha-1 biochar, F3 = 16 t ha-1 (compost + biochar), and F4 = N− P2O5 −K2O (16−60−60 kg ha-1)]. The analysis of variance showed that all the planting geometry and soil amendments significantly (P < .05) affected growth and yield of sesame. The results indicated that the main effect of 45 x 15cm planting geometry, and the interaction effect between 75 x 15 cm planting geometry and compost application at 16 t ha-1 resulted in the maximum plant height (54.30 cm) and number of branches plant−1 (4.9), respectively at 42 DAP. However, planting geometry of 60 x 10 cm increased seed yield by 10 and 57%, compared to 45 x 15 and 75 x 15 cm planting geometry, respectively. Similarly, the application of compost at 16 t ha-1 promoted the highest capsule weight (1,719 kg ha-1), seed yield (1,115 kg ha-1) and 1000-seed weight (3.46 g). The percentage increase in various soil amendments over the control is shown in the following order: number of branches (B 22% < NPK 24%< B+C 27%< C32%); number of seeds per capsule (B+C 4% < B 5 % < NPK 7% < C 8%); and seed yield (B+C 75% < B 80%< NPK 137% < C157%).
Therefore, compost application at 16 t ha-1 and planting geometry of 60 x 10 cm is recommended for sesame production.
Green Flexible Electronics: Natural Materials, Fabrication, and Applications
Authors: Hui Zengyu , Zhang Linrong , Ren Guozhang , Sun Gengzhi , Yu Hai‐Dong , Huang Wei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe emergence of plastic electronics satisfies the increasing demand for flexible electronics. However, it has caused severe ecological problems. Flexible electronics based on natural materials are increasing to hopefully realize the “green” and eco‐friendly concept. Herein, recent advances in the design and fabrication of green flexible electronics are reviewed. First, this review comprehensively introduces various natural materials and derivatives, focusing particularly on fibroin and silk, wood and paper, plants, and biomass. Second, fabrication techniques for modifying natural materials, including physical and chemical methods, are presented, after which their merits and demerits are thoroughly discussed. Green flexible electronics based on natural materials, comprising electrical wires/electrodes, antennas, thermal management devices, transistors, memristors, sensors, energy‐harvesting devices, energy‐storage devices, displays, actuators, electromagnetic shielding, and integration systems, are described in detail. Finally, perspectives on the existing challenges and opportunities to employ natural materials in green flexible electronics are presented.
Unique 2D Face Topologies in Naphthyl‐Appended Naphtho[k]fluoranthene‐Based 3D Crystals for Optical Waveguide
Authors: Hino Yuto , Matsuo Takumi , Hayashi Shotaro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMolecular crystals exhibiting optical waveguiding are strongly dependent on total internal reflection, molecular stacking arrangements, spatial distributions of transition dipole moments, and topologies. Fluoranthene derivatives are popular fluorescent dyes that have not yet been engineered into crystalline optical materials. Here, a naphthyl‐appended naphtho[k]fluoranthene that exhibits efficient fluorescence in solution and in the solid state is newly synthesized through a one‐pot Pd‐catalyzed reaction of 1,8‐dibromonapthalene. It selectively gives two crystal topologies derived from direction‐specific crystal growth. Using spatially resolved photoluminescence analyses, the direction‐oriented light that propagates along these topologies (each face of the crystal) is investigated. There are different optical‐loss coefficients along the various directions on each face. Therefore, face‐specific waveguiding depends on molecular arrangements. Anisotropic waveguiding in each face is observed. Overall, these results suggest potential applications of fluoranthene crystals and their topological 2D planes as optical waveguides and integrated optical circuits.
Antibacterial Halloysite‐Modified Chitosan/Polyvinylpyrrolidone Nanofibers for Ultrasensitive Self‐Powered Motion Monitoring
Authors: Wang Si , Liu Bohao , Feng Xingdong , Pan Rui , Cai Yuanlingyun , Zhang Renyan , Pu Mingbo , Ma Xiaoliang , Li Xiong , Tai Huiling , Luo Xiangang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHigh flexibility, porosity, and antibacterial activity are extremely desired for wearable health monitoring, which is beneficial to simultaneously promote wearing comfort and safety. In this study, an antibacterial nanofibers‐based triboelectric generator (AN‐TENG) composed of the flexible chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone modified with halloysite nanotubes (CTS/PVP/HNTs) nanofibers and cube‐arrays structured Ecoflex film is proposed for simultaneously energy harvesting and self‐powered human motion monitoring. The open‐circuit voltage (280 V), short‐circuit current (3.98 μA), and transferred charge (51 nC) of the CTS/PVP/HNTs nanofibers TENG at the optimal compound concentration are increased by 90.8%, 86.92%, and 96.2%, respectively, compared to the CTS/PVP nanofibers one (size: 3 cm × 3 cm, mechanical force: 10 N @1 Hz), revealing good real‐time monitoring ability for human wrist, elbow, and finger motion. An antibacterial test is carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity and the antibacterial rate of the nanofibers against Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) based on the current national standard GB/T 31402–2015, indicating good antibacterial properties of the nanofibers. This research offers an ingenious strategy to establish an antibacterial nanofibers‐based TENG for self‐powered motion monitoring and energy harvesting and offers a new insight to improve the practical security of wearable electronic devices.
Binary Solvent System Used to Fabricate Fully Annealing‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cassella Elena J. , Spooner Emma L.K. , Smith Joel A. , Thornber Timothy , O'Kane Mary E. , Oliver Robert D.J. , Catley Thomas E. , Choudhary Saqlain , Wood Christopher J. , Hammond Deborah B. , Snaith Henry J. , Lidzey David G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHigh temperature post‐deposition annealing of hybrid lead halide perovskite thin films—typically lasting at least 10 min—dramatically limits the maximum roll‐to‐roll coating speed, which determines solar module manufacturing costs. While several approaches for “annealing‐free” perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been demonstrated, many are of limited feasibility for scalable fabrication. Here, this work has solvent‐engineered a high vapor pressure solvent mixture of 2‐methoxy ethanol and tetrahydrofuran to deposit highly crystalline perovskite thin‐films at room temperature using gas‐quenching to remove the volatile solvents. Using this approach, this work demonstrates p‐i‐n devices with an annealing‐free MAPbI3 perovskite layer achieving stabilized power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 18.0%, compared to 18.4% for devices containing an annealed perovskite layer. This work then explores the deposition of self‐assembled molecules as the hole‐transporting layer without annealing. This work finally combines the methods to create fully annealing‐free devices having stabilized PCEs of up to 17.1%. This represents the state‐of‐the‐art for annealing‐free fabrication of PSCs with a process fully compatible with roll‐to‐roll manufacture.
A case report of adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis and review of the literature
Authors: Lavaee Fatemeh , Nazhvani Ali Dehghani , Afshari Aylar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an uncommon proliferative disease with an unknown cause. Its clinical manifestations vary and can involve a variety of organs. To diagnose LCH, radiographs, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings are essential. The gold standard for a definite diagnosis is positive CD1a/CD207 and S100 in the immunohistochemical results. Different treatment plans are available for patients struggling with LCH. To our knowledge, the LCH incidence rate is about 8.9 in one million children and 1–2 cases in one million adults. Our case shows the importance of early diagnosis of this rare condition for the prevention of any further spreading. This case report is about a 35‐year‐old male patient struggling with diabetes insipidus with a chief complaint of tooth mobility. Based on his X‐ray radiographs, osteolytic lesions were found. A biopsy was performed, and due to histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, it was diagnosed as a case of LCH in adults. This paper shows that although the incidence rate of LCH is rare in adults, dealing with a patient struggling with diabetes insipidus and osteolytic bone lesions with an unknown cause, LCH must be taken into consideration. Due to the fact that LCH's first manifestations are mostly first oral, its good prognosis in the early stages, and if it progresses, it can turn fatal, it is important that dentists are aware of this disease, its clinical manifestations, and patient management. In case of suspicion, X‐ray examination, biopsy, histopathological, and immunohistochemical exams must be performed.