bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Análisis léxico de textos generados por modelos de lenguaje: reflejo de sus modelos de mundo
Authors: Kotz Gabriela , Salcedo Pedro , Fuentes Karina 
Published: January 2025

La inteligencia artificial (IA) ha transformado numerosos campos, incluyendo la lingüística. Los Grandes Modelos de Lenguaje (LLM) han revolucionado la interacción con el texto al proporcionar respuestas que imitan el lenguaje humano. Estos modelos no solo generan texto, sino que también reflejan su interpretación del mundo. Sin embargo, la comprensión del mundo de estos modelos es limitada, lo que ha llevado a proponer el desarrollo de los Grandes Modelos del Mundo (LWM), que integran datos textuales, visuales y auditivos para una comprensión más completa. En este artículo, se analiza cómo los LLM articulan respuestas basadas en sus modelos de mundo mediante una perspectiva léxico-estadística. Mediante un diseño cuasiexperimental comparativo, se evaluaron seis LLM diferentes. La metodología se centró en medir la diversidad y densidad léxica de los textos generados por estos modelos. Los resultados mostraron que ChatGPT-4 tiene una alta densidad léxica y una diversidad léxica moderada, mientras que Copilot presenta la mayor diversidad léxica pero con una densidad léxica menor. Este análisis es crucial para entender las capacidades y limitaciones de los LLM, con implicaciones para aplicaciones en diversas áreas. Se presentan los conceptos y la metodología, se discuten los hallazgos y se concluye con reflexiones sobre futuras investigaciones y aplicaciones prácticas.
Stabilizing Pediatric Patients During Psychiatric Boarding: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Afzal Saira , Gunnison Claire , Rudofker Adam , Esposito Jeremy , Geddings Weston 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Psychiatric boarding has implications for youth, their families, and hospital systems. We undertook a quality improvement (QI) project to address boarding at our institution. We aimed to stabilize patients who were boarding in our emergency department (ED) observation unit and to decrease the percentage of patients admitted to psychiatric facilities.

METHODS
A multidisciplinary team created a stabilization protocol focused on enhancing coping strategies and family communication and providing psychoeducation and safety planning. This program was piloted in a group of patients experiencing boarding beginning in March 2021. Implementing the protocol involved additional staffing, plans for structured daily activities, and enhancements to the electronic health record.

RESULTS
During the baseline period (January 2019-February 2021), 65.7% (n = 498) of encounters in which patients boarded in the ED observation unit resulted in the patient being admitted to a psychiatric facility compared with 49.0% (n = 373) of encounters during the intervention period, reflecting a centerline shift on a statistical process control chart. From March 2021 to May 2022 (intervention period), 159 patients participated in the stabilization protocol across 164 encounters. Compared with similar nonpilot encounters (n = 446) occurring during the same period, pilot encounters (n = 164) were less likely to result in admission to a psychiatric facility (22.6% vs 58.2%) and were more likely to result in the patient being discharged home (75.0% vs 31.4%).

CONCLUSION
This QI project resulted in fewer patients being transferred to inpatient psychiatric care. This program illustrates that medical hospitals can creatively improve care for patients experiencing boarding.
A Quality Improvement Initiative to Decrease Behavioral Health Unit Readmission Rates
Authors: Winner Katherine , Sandberg Kelly , Saia Brandon , Calabro Megan , Blankenship Kelly 
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE
Youth behavioral health inpatient beds are limited during a time of crisis. Around one-third of youth admitted to a behavioral health unit (BHU) will be readmitted within 1 year of discharge, with 8% to 13% being admitted within 30 days. In one study, they found that more than one-third of patients initially admitted for suicidal ideation or attempt were readmitted within 7 days. Our objective was to decrease 7-day and 30-day readmission rates to our BHU by 20% by May of 2023.

METHODS
We collected baseline data through medical record review for our pediatric BHU readmissions from July 2020 until July 2021. Interventions, such as standardized workflows and checklists, were trialed with Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles beginning October 2021 until November 2022. Performance was analyzed using statistical process control charts (U-charts). Sustainment was tracked through December 2023. Length of stay (LOS) was tracked as a balancing measure. Compliance with our readmission checklist was tracked as a process measure.

RESULTS
Both 7-day and 30-day readmission rates to the pediatric BHU decreased as interventions were initiated and adopted. The rates of patients readmitted within 7 and 30 days decreased from a baseline mean of 5.54 to 2.83 (49%) and 11.52 to 7.38 (36%) per 100 hospitalizations, respectively. The LOS for the BHU decreased from 5.58 to 5.09 days. The readmission checklist was used for 81 out of 83 patients, or 97.5%.

CONCLUSION
Adoption of multiple interventions produced a decrease in readmissions to a pediatric BHU.
El uso de las TIC en edad preescolar y la educación en una segunda lengua
Authors: De la Hoz Pertuz Margarita Rosa 
Published: January 2025

El problema de investigación consistió como usar las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación en el aprendizaje de una segunda lengua en el preescolar. El principal objetivo en la investigación fue desarrollar habilidades cognitivas a través del uso de herramientas digitales que conllevan a; localizar contenidos, abrir pantallas interactivas, teclear (escribir), interactuar con la pantalla conocer programas (Windows, Power Point) que contribuyen al desarrollo infantil, permitiéndole al niño aprendizajes significativos. La metodología empleada consistió en un diseño de teoría fundamentada documentalmente con reflexiones en la praxis docente. Los referentes teóricos se basaron en teorías de la adquisición de una segunda lengua y el aprendizaje centrado en actividades lúdicas. Los principales resultados muestran la pertinencia del uso de entornos digitales en las clases de inglés en el prescolar y que el niño puede interactuar con aplicaciones para aprender inglés. Entre las principales conclusiones se puede destacar que debe fomentarse la importancia que tienen las Tics y su uso en preescolar. La discusión plantea que las tics en este nivel además de permitir ampliar la gama de recursos y estrategias didácticas en las modalidades de comunicación, acceso a múltiples recursos educativos y entornos de aprendizaje fortalece el conocimiento del infante.
Enhancing fatigue resistance and low-temperature performance of asphalt pavements using antioxidant additives
Authors: Hu Yongping , Cheng Xu , Sreeram Anand , Si Wei , Li Bo , Pipintakos Georgios , Airey Gordon D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ageing results in significant performance deterioration of asphalt, especially in relation to its fatigue and low-temperature performance. This performance deterioration can theoretically be lowered by incorporating antioxidants in asphalt mixtures. Although there are several promising studies that have shown the potential efficacy of antioxidants such as zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDC), no work has comprehensively evaluated its performance. In this regard, ZDC was employed to evaluate its effect as an antioxidant to slow down the ageing related performance deterioration of bitumen and asphalt mixtures. Both ZDC-modified (3% and 5%) and unmodified bitumen and asphalt mixtures were subjected to short-term and long-term ageing. Afterwards, linear amplitude sweep (LAS) tests and low-temperature frequency sweep tests were carried out on the bitumen samples using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). Four-point bending (4PB) fatigue tests were carried out at 25 °C, and indirect tensile asphalt cracking tests (IDEAL-CT) were carried out at 25 °C and −10 °C on the various asphalt mixtures. It was seen that properties of long-term aged bitumen and asphalt mixtures measured at low temperature and intermediate temperature could be improved by 13–69% for mixtures and 1–44% for bitumen with the addition of ZDC, compared to the unmodified samples. The ageing-mitigation efficiency of ZDC was more pronounced for the low-temperature performance-based metrics since its performance deterioration rate was significantly reduced. Overall, a comprehensive performance evaluation of the effectiveness of antioxidants at different scales provided robust evidence for the potential extension of this technology to field trials and application.
Calcium-Sensing Receptor in the Thick Ascending Limb and Renal Response to Hypercalcemia
Authors: Himmerkus Nina , Quintanova Catarina , Bhullar Harneet , van Megen Wouter H. , Deluque Amanda Lima , Skjødt Karsten , Bogdanovic Milos , Bleich Markus , Alexander R. Todd , Dimke Henrik 
Published: January 2025

Key Points

The thick ascending limb (TAL) calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) was critical for controlling calcium excretion in response to hypercalcemia but did not alter urinary magnesium excretion.CASR activation increased urinary calcium excretion by strongly reducing calcium permeability in the TAL.Activation of the CASR did not affect the driving force generated by transcellular NaCl transport across the TAL.

Background
The parathyroid calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) controls the release of parathyroid hormone in response to changes in serum calcium levels. Activation of the renal CASR increases urinary calcium excretion and is particularly important when CASR-dependent reductions in parathyroid hormone fail to lower serum calcium. However, the role of the renal CASR in protecting against hypercalcemia and the direct effects of chronic CASR activation on tubular calcium handling remain to be fully elucidated.

Methods
Experimental hypercalcemia was induced using a vitamin D analog (dihydrotachysterol) in mice with Ksp-Cre–dependent deletion of the Casr (Ksp-Casr) in the kidney, with Cre-negative littermates serving as controls (here denoted wildtypes [WT]). Urinary and fecal electrolyte determinations, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, molecular and biochemical evaluation, and in vitro tubule microperfusion were performed in both sexes.

Results

Ksp-Cre–driven Casr deletion strongly reduced CASR abundance in the thick ascending limb (TAL). At baseline, no marked differences were detected in electrolyte handling and tubular permeability characteristics across the TAL. Three days of dihydrotachysterol administration induced hypercalcemia in both WT and Ksp-Casr mice. However, although WT mice developed hypercalciuria, this response was absent in Ksp-Casr mice. Urinary excretion of magnesium and other electrolytes did not differ between hypercalcemic WT and Ksp-Casr mice. Intestinal electrolyte absorption was comparable between the two groups. Microperfusion of isolated cortical TALs revealed no baseline differences in transepithelial voltage, resistance, or ion permeabilities. After hypercalcemia, transepithelial resistance increased and calcium permeability markedly decreased in WT mice, but not in Ksp-Casr mice, with only minor alterations in magnesium permeability and no changes in transepithelial voltage.

Conclusions
In hypercalcemic mice, the absence of the CASR in TAL prevented the increase in urinary calcium excretion. The CASR specifically regulated the paracellular permeability of the TAL, especially for calcium.
О СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИИ ПРАВОВОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ ТРУДА ИНВАЛИДОВ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Authors: Кожихин А.П. , Плакхин М.И. 
Published: January 2025

Проведен анализ нововведений в правовой защите труда инвалидов, произошедших в российском законодательстве в последние годы, выделены существующие проблемы и сформулированы отдельные предложения в этой области с учётом современных условий проведения специальной военной операции и возможной трудовой и иной реабилитации её участников. Обоснование предложений связано с их практической значимостью в целях повышения эффективности государственной поддержки лиц, признанных инвалидами, в соответствии с законодательством Российской Федерации, и дальнейшего совершенствования такой поддержки.
The article focuses on the innovations in the sphere of legal protection of work of disabled persons in the Russian legislation for the recent years. The article highlights the present problems and formulates some proposals in this field taking into account the current conditions of special military operation and possible labor rehabilitation of its participants. The proposals are grounded due to their practical importance in order to increase the effectiveness of state support for persons recognized as disabled according to the legislation of the Russian Federation and improve such support.
VIOLENCIA Y MIGRACIÓN: EL CASO DE MUJERES MIGRANTES EN TRÁNSITO POR TABASCO
Authors: REVUELTAS FICACHI DANIELA , GUILLÉN CABALLERO CLAUDIA LUCÍA 
Published: January 2025

Analizar la violencia experimentada por las mujeres migrantes que temporalmente estuvieron en el albergue Hogar Refugio Para Personas Migrantes la 72 en el municipio de Tenosique, Tabasco y mujeres migrantes que tiene una estancia temporal en el albergue de Oasis de Paz del Espíritu Santo Amparito en el municipio de Centro, Tabasco, antes, durante y después de migrar. Se emplean la metodología cualitativa y el enfoque etnográfico colaborativo, para recuperar discursos, historias y opiniones de mujeres migrantes. Contando con una población de estudio de tres mujeres migrantes de entre 14 y 36 años de edad que fueron contactadas a las afueras del albergue “La 72” y cuatro mujeres migrantes de entre 19 y 41 años de edad con estancia momentánea en el albergue “Amparito”. Utilizando la técnica de entrevista como instrumento de recolección de datos. Se encontró que todas han pasado por todos los tipos de violencia, ejercida dentro y fuera de su país de origen.
ABSTRACT. To analyse the violence experienced by migrant women who temporarily stayed at the shelter Hogar Refugio Para Personas Migrantes la 72 in the municipality of Tenosique, Tabasco and migrant women who temporarily stayed at the shelter Oasis de Paz del Espíritu Santo Amparito in the municipality of Centro, Tabasco, before, during and after migrating. Qualitative methodology and a collaborative ethnographic approach were used to recover discourses, stories and opinions of migrant women. The study population consisted of three migrant women between 14 and 36 years of age who were contacted outside the "La 72" shelter and four migrant women between 19 and 41 years of age who stayed temporarily in the "Amparito" shelter. Using the interview technique as a data collection instrument. It was found that all of them have experienced all types of violence, both inside and outside their country of origin.
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN EXTRAORAL SUCTION DI PRAKTIK KEDOKTERAN GIGI PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Rachmayani Virlia Putri , Setyawardhana Raden Harry Dharmawan , Sarifah Norlaila , Hatta Isnur , Ichrom Nahzi Muhammad Yanuar 
Published: January 2025

Background: SARS-CoV-2 or coronavirus is a new virus that infects the respiratory system in humans. The spread of COVID-19 occurs through the transmission of aerosol particles produced when an infected person exhales, speaks, voices, sneezes, and coughs. Standard protective measures in dental practices are less effective at preventing the spread of COVID-19. A tool to prevent the spread of aerosols is extraoral suction (EOS) which is used to suction droplets and aerosols around the patient's mouth during dental treatment. Purpose: To find out various research articles related to the effectiveness of using extraoral suction in dental practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: All articles reviewed were obtained through Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library with a maximum time of article publication in the last 5 years. Results: From the results it was found that the range of contamination before using extraoral suction was the lowest 0.06, and the highest 2.9. The range of contamination after using extraoral suction is the lowest 0.005, and the highest 0.8. Conclusion: The use of extraoral suction can be an effective additional alternative to reduce the amount of aerosols in dental practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.Keywords: extraoral suction, dental practice, COVID-19 pandemic. ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: SARS-CoV-2 atau corona virus adalah virus baru yang menginfeksi sistem pernapasan pada manusia. Penyebaran COVID-19 terjadi melalui transmisi partikel aerosol yang dihasilkan ketika seseorang yang terinfeksi menghembuskan napas, berbicara, bersuara, bersin dan batuk. Tindakan perlindungan standar di praktik dokter gigi kurang efektif untuk mencegah penyebaran COVID-19. Alat untuk mencegah terjadinya penyebaran aerosol yaitu extraoral suction (EOS) yang digunakan untuk menghisap droplet dan aerosol di sekitar mulut pasien selama perawatan gigi.Tujuan: Mengetahui berbagai artikel penelitian yang berhubungan dengan efektivitas penggunaan extraoral suction di praktik kedokteran gigi selama pandemi COVID-19. Metode: Seluruh artikel yang di-review didapatkan melalui Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct, dan Wiley Online Library dengan rentang waktu penerbitan artikel maksimal 5 tahun terakhir. Hasil: Dari hasil didapatkan rentang kontaminasi sebelum menggunakan extraoral suction paling rendah yaitu 0,06 dan paling tinggi yaitu 2,9. Rentang kontaminasi sesudah menggunakan extraoral suction paling rendah yaitu 0,005 dan paling tinggi yaitu 0,8. Kesimpulan: Penggunaan extraoral suction dapat menjadi alternatif tambahan yang efektif untuk mengurangi jumlah aerosol di praktik kedokteran gigi selama masa pandemi COVID-19.
Estimation of Machine Learning–Based Models to Predict Dementia Risk in Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases: UK Biobank Study
Authors: Gu Zhengsheng , Liu Shuang , Ma Huijuan , Long Yifan , Jiao Xuehao , Gao Xin , Du Bingying , Bi Xiaoying , Shi Xingjie 
Published: January 2025

Background
The atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is associated with dementia. However, the risk factors of dementia in patients with ASCVD remain unclear, necessitating the development of accurate prediction models.

Objective
The aim of the study is to develop a machine learning model for use in patients with ASCVD to predict dementia risk using available clinical and sociodemographic data.

Methods
This prognostic study included patients with ASCVD between 2006 and 2010, with registration of follow-up data ending on April 2023 based on the UK Biobank. We implemented a data-driven strategy, identifying predictors from 316 variables and developing a machine learning model to predict the risk of incident dementia, Alzheimer disease, and vascular dementia within 5, 10, and longer-term follow-up in patients with ASCVD.

Results
A total of 29,561 patients with ASCVD were included, and 1334 (4.51%) developed dementia during a median follow-up time of 10.3 (IQR 7.6-12.4) years. The best prediction model (UK Biobank ASCVD risk prediction model) was light gradient boosting machine, comprising 10 predictors including age, time to complete pairs matching tasks, mean time to correctly identify matches, mean sphered cell volume, glucose levels, forced expiratory volume in 1 second z score, C-reactive protein, forced vital capacity, time engaging in activities, and age first had sexual intercourse. This model achieved the following performance metrics for all incident dementia: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: mean 0.866 (SD 0.027), accuracy: mean 0.883 (SD 0.010), sensitivity: mean 0.637 (SD 0.084), specificity: mean 0.914 (SD 0.012), precision: mean 0.479 (SD 0.031), and F1-score: mean 0.546 (SD 0.043). Meanwhile, this model was well-calibrated (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed goodness-of-fit P value>.99) and maintained robust performance across different temporal cohorts. Besides, the model had a beneficial potential in clinical practice with a decision curve analysis.

Conclusions
The findings of this study suggest that predictive modeling could inform patients and clinicians about ASCVD at risk for dementia.
Impact of a Virtual Reality Intervention on Stigma, Empathy, and Attitudes Toward Patients With Psychotic Disorders Among Mental Health Care Professionals: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tay Jing Ling , Qu Yuanrong , Lim Lucas , Puthran Rohan , Tan Chye Lee Robert , Rajendran Rajkirren , Wei Ker Chiah , Xie Huiting , Sim Kang 
Published: January 2025

Background
Previous studies have found that psychotic disorders are among the most stigmatized mental disorders. Of note, virtual reality (VR) interventions have been associated with improvements in attitudes and empathy and reduced stigma toward individuals with psychotic disorders, especially among undergraduates, but this has not been examined among mental health care professionals.

Objective
We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a newly developed VR intervention for mental health care professionals to improve attitudes and empathy and reduce stigma toward people with psychotic disorders.

Methods
We conducted a randomized controlled trial and recruited eligible mental health care professionals from a tertiary mental health care institution. Both arms (VR intervention and VR control groups) were evaluated at baseline, postintervention, and 1-month follow up. The evaluation included outcomes related to attitudes (modified attitudes toward people with schizophrenia scale), stigma (social distance scale, personal stigma scale), and empathy (empathetic concern subscale of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index). The experience with the VR intervention was assessed using a user satisfaction questionnaire, and qualitative feedback was gathered.

Results
Overall, 180 mental health care professionals participated and completed the study. Both groups showed improvements in attitude, social distance, and stigma scores but not the empathy score following the intervention. The VR intervention group had better user satisfaction than the VR control group. In addition, certain outcome measures were positively associated with specific factors including female gender, higher education level, certain job roles, years of work, and presence of loved ones with a mental disorder.

Conclusions
Both the intervention and control VR groups of mental health care professionals showed improvements in attitudes, stigma, and social distance toward people with psychotic disorders. Future longitudinal studies may want to evaluate the impact of VR on caregivers and the public on these same and other outcome measures to reduce stigma and improve empathy toward individuals with psychotic disorders.

Trial Registration
clinicaltrials.gov NCT05982548; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05982548