bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural history of portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Giri Suprabhat , Singh Ankita , Kolhe Kailash , Kale Aditya , Shukla Akash 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimProgression of liver disease in cirrhosis is associated with an increased incidence of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in cirrhosis. However, evidence suggests that spontaneous recanalization of PVT may occur even without anti‐thrombotic therapy. Thus, the present meta‐analysis was conducted to study the natural history of PVT in cirrhosis, facilitating decisions regarding anticoagulation.MethodsThree electronic databases were searched from 2000 to August 2022 for studies reporting the outcome of PVT in cirrhotics without anticoagulation. The pooled proportions with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random‐effect model.ResultsA total of 26 studies (n = 1441) were included in the final analysis. Progression of PVT on follow‐up was seen in 22.2% (95% CI 16.1–28.4), while 77.7% (95% CI 71.6–83.9) remained non‐progressive (improved or stable). The most common outcome was a stable PVT with a pooled event rate of 44.6% (95% CI 34.4–54.7). The pooled rates of regression and complete recanalization of PVT in cirrhotics were 29.3% (95% CI 20.9–37.7) and 10.4% (95% CI 5.0–15.8), respectively. On follow‐up after improvement, pooled recurrence rate of PVT was 24.0% (95% CI 14.7–33.4). MELD score, and presence of ascites had a negative association, while a longer follow‐up duration had positive association with PVT regression.ConclusionApproximately 25% of the cases of PVT in cirrhosis are progressive, 30% cases improve, and 45% remain stable. Future studies are needed to analyze the predictors of spontaneous regression.
Common non‐cardiovascular multimorbidity groupings and clinical outcomes in older adults with major cardiovascular disease
Authors: Sison Stephanie Denise M. , Lin Kueiyu Joshua , Najafzadeh Mehdi , Ko Darae , Patorno Elisabetta , Bessette Lily G. , Zakoul Heidi , Kim Dae Hyun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAmong older adults, non‐cardiovascular multimorbidity often coexists with cardiovascular disease (CVD) but their clinical significance is uncertain. We identified common non‐cardiovascular comorbidity patterns and their association with clinical outcomes in Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), congestive heart failure (CHF), or atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsUsing 2015–2016 Medicare data, we took 1% random sample to create 3 cohorts of beneficiaries diagnosed with AMI (n = 24,808), CHF (n = 57,285), and AF (n = 36,277) prior to 1/1/2016. Within each cohort, we applied latent class analysis to classify beneficiaries based on 9 non‐cardiovascular comorbidities (anemia, cancer, chronic kidney disease, chronic lung disease, dementia, depression, diabetes, hypothyroidism, and musculoskeletal disease). Mortality, cardiovascular and non‐cardiovascular hospitalizations, and home time lost over a 1‐year follow‐up period were compared across non‐cardiovascular multimorbidity classes.ResultsSimilar non‐cardiovascular multimorbidity classes emerged from the 3 CVD cohorts: (1) minimal, (2) depression‐lung, (3) chronic kidney disease (CKD)‐diabetes, and (4) multi‐system class. Across CVD cohorts, multi‐system class had the highest risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.7–3.9), cardiovascular hospitalization (HR, 1.6–3.3), non‐cardiovascular hospitalization (HR, 3.1–7.2), and home time lost (rate ratio, 2.7–5.4). Among those with AMI, the CKD‐diabetes class was more strongly associated with all the adverse outcomes than the depression‐lung class. In CHF and AF, differences in risk between the depression‐lung and CKD‐diabetes classes varied per outcome; and the depression‐lung and multi‐system classes had double the rates of non‐cardiovascular hospitalizations than cardiovascular hospitalizations.ConclusionFour non‐cardiovascular multimorbidity patterns were found among Medicare beneficiaries with CHF, AMI, or AF. Compared to the minimal class, the multi‐system, CKD‐diabetes, and depression‐lung classes were associated with worse outcomes. Identification of these classes offers insight into specific segments of the population that may benefit from more than the usual cardiovascular care.
Geriatricians, general internists, and potentially inappropriate medications for a national sample of older adults
Authors: Vandergrift Jonathan L. , Weng Weifeng , Leff Bruce , Gray Bradley M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults are often prescribed medications that are potentially dangerous and geriatricians have specialized training in treating polypharmacy that may benefit these patients. To examine this, we compared potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) prescribing rates between geriatricians and similar general internists in the United States.MethodsUsing national cross‐sectional data from 2013 to 2019, we compared annual PIM prescribing rates between 2815 outpatient geriatricians certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine in 1994–2018 and general internists matched 1:1 on IM certification exam score and year, residency exam pass rate, gender, and US birth and/or US medical school. PIM prescribing was based on the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) PIM physician annual prescribing measures which consider medications flagged as potentially inappropriate in the American Geriatric Society Beers Criteria® guideline. We also examined prescribing of appropriate alternative medications. Prescribing rates were calculated as the percentage a physician's patients with Medicare fee‐for‐service part D enrollment seen in the outpatient setting in a given year (mean: 150 patients per physician) with a PIM prescription they prescribed.ResultsAcross 30,677 physician‐year observations, geriatricians were 16.7% less likely (95% confidence interval (CI): −19.8 to −13.7, p < 0.001) to prescribe a PIM (7.2% versus 8.7% of patients respectively) and 2.7% more likely (95% CI: 0.8 to 4.5, p = 0.004) to prescribe an appropriate alternative medication (52.0% versus 50.7% of patients respectively). Lower PIM prescribing was observed for most medication sub‐types including central nervous system, anticholinergic, pain, and endocrine medications. In sensitivity analyses, differences in prescribing were similar when comparing recently trained physicians with more experienced physicians.ConclusionFindings suggest geriatricians in the United States prescribe PIMs at lower rates than general internists. This highlights the value geriatricians provide as well as opportunities to embed key principles of geriatric care into internal medicine training and health care delivery systems.
Treatment of Mood and Depressive Disorders With Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Efficacy Review
Authors: Cutler Jasmine B.R. , Pane Olivia , Panesar Simran K. , Updike Wendy , Moore Thea R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThere has been a steady increase in people with symptoms of depression over the past several years (since 2011). The further increase in stress and depression in the early part of the COVID‐19 pandemic was accompanied by an increase in unmet mental health needs. Many have turned to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies such as bright‐light therapy, yoga, meditation, and dietary supplements like St. John's wort or folic acid. The reliability of evidence for use of CAM therapies for depression has remained low. There are few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the current literature and poor methodology in many of the trials that are available. This state of the science review examines current published guidelines, meta‐analyses, systematic reviews, and RCTs regarding use of CAM therapies in the management of depression.
Whole‐brain neural connectivity to cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert
Authors: Chen Zhao‐yi , Yang Yao‐lian , Li Mai , Gao Lu , Qu Wei‐min , Huang Zhi‐li , Yuan Xiang‐shan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) are a key structure in cognition, the dysfunction of which is associated with various neurological disorders, especially dementias. However, the whole‐brain neural connectivity to cholinergic neurons in the NBM remains to be further and comprehensively researched. Using virus‐based, specific, retrograde, and anterograde tracing, we illustrated the monosynaptic inputs and axon projections of NBM cholinergic neurons in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)‐Cre transgenic mice. Our results showed that NBM cholinergic neurons received mainly inputs from the caudate putamen and the posterior limb of the anterior commissure in the subcortex. Moreover, the majority of cholinergic terminals from the NBM were observed in the cortex mantle, including the motor cortex, sensory cortex, and visual cortex. Interestingly, although NBM cholinergic neurons received input projections from the caudate putamen, interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure, and central amygdaloid nucleus, NBM cholinergic neurons sparsely sent axon projection to innervate these areas. Furthermore, primary motor cortex, secondary motor cortex, and primary somatosensory cortex received abundant inputs from the NBM but sent few outputs to the NBM. Taken together, our results reveal the detailed and specific connectivity of cholinergic neurons of the NBM and provide a neuroanatomic foundation for further studies to explore the important physiological functions of NBM cholinergic neurons.image
Transitional and aftercare needs of persons recovering from COVID‐19 using the Omaha System: A Scoping Review
Authors: Bayuo Jonathan , Wong Frances Kam Yuet 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo identify and classify the transitional and aftercare needs of persons hospitalised with and recovering from COVID‐19.BackgroundSeveral studies exist that describe the patient needs at the acute phase of COVID‐19. The transitional and aftercare needs that emerge during recovery, however, remain vague.MethodsA scoping review was conducted and reported according to the PRISMA extension guidelines for scoping reviews (PRISMA‐ScR). Primary studies were identified from database search. Narrative synthesis was undertaken, with the Omaha System as a framework.ResultsForty studies were included. Persons recovering from the infection may have several needs in all domains of the Omaha System. Although the severity and persistence of the needs may be unrelated to the severity of the initial infection, they may vary based on factors such as age and pre‐morbid factors.ConclusionRecovering from COVID‐19 is associated with varied biopsychosocial‐environmental needs which can adversely affect the quality‐of‐life experience. The review findings represent an inventory of needs that can guide the development of multi‐disciplinary post‐acute or aftercare programmes.Relevance to Clinical PracticeRecovering from COVID‐19 can be a protracted process requiring ongoing professional support after discharge. Policies are required to support the development and implementation of post‐acute programmes of care. Comprehensive transitional and aftercare rehabilitative programmes are needed to support the recovery process.
Experiences and perceptions of acute myocardial infarction patients with a prolonged decision‐making phase of treatment seeking: A meta‐synthesis
Authors: Su Jin , Xiong Jia‐ming , Ke Qi‐qi , Yu Hong‐yu , Zhao Zhuo‐rui , Yang Qiao‐hong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsTo describe the experiences and perceptions of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with a prolonged decision‐making phase of treatment‐seeking.BackgroundPrevious attempts to reduce the treatment‐seeking time of AMI have been less than optimal. Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, the situation of prehospital delay is possibly worse. Decisions to seek treatment are influenced by multiple factors and need individualised interventions. Understanding patients' external and internal experiences and psychological perceptions is essential.DesignMeta‐synthesis.Data sourcesWe searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus and four Chinese databases from inception to April 2022.MethodsWe screened the retrieved articles with predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and reviewed articles using Thomas and Harden's (BMC Medical Research Methodology, 2008 8, 45) qualitative thematic synthesis approach. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool for qualitative research was used to assess the quality of studies.ResultsTwenty‐one studies were included, identifying four themes and nine sub‐themes. The four primary themes were difficulty recognising and attributing symptoms, attempt to act, unwillingness to change and self‐sacrifice.ConclusionDeciding to seek treatment is a complex social and psychological process, which needs comprehensive interventions considering personal and sociocultural factors and factors related to the COVID‐19 pandemic.Implications for the profession and/or patient careDetails of interventions for decisions to seek treatment in AMI patients need to be further designed and evaluated.ImpactResults would help healthcare professionals to implement individualised management of decision‐making of treatment‐seeking among AMI patients, and improve medical records of patients' prehospital experiences.Reporting MethodThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews 2020 checklist was used to report the findings.Patient or Public ContributionTwo AMI patients contributed to the data synthesis by giving simple feedback about the final themes.
Unmet supportive care needs of families of children with chronic illness: A systematic review
Authors: Thomas Sangeetha , Ryan Nicholas P. , Byrne Linda K. , Hendrieckx Christel , White Victoria 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsUnmet supportive care needs (SCN) refer to perceived gaps in the support parents want to manage caregiving activities for children with chronic health conditions (CHC) and the support received. This review aims to systematically identify the unmet SCN of families with children living with five common paediatric CHC and characterise the assessment tools used to measure SCN.DesignSystematic review methodology with narrative synthesis of data. Reporting followed the PRISMA statement guidelines.MethodLiterature searches were conducted in electronic databases Medline complete, PsycINFO, CINHAL and EMBASE to retrieve relevant articles published between 1990 and July 2022. Eligible studies involved (i) children aged 0–18 years diagnosed with either of cancer, congenital heart disease (CHD), diabetes, asthma, renal disease and (ii) assessment of unmet SCN. Studies involving children with genetic or developmental conditions were excluded. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using JBI assessment tool.ResultsOf 6223 articles screened, 34 papers were included (25 quantitative, 5 qualitative and 4 mixed design). Most papers explored unmet needs of families with cancer (n = 26). The remaining articles concerned CHD (n = 5), asthma (n = 2) and mixed CHC (n = 1, renal failure, and diabetes). Information (e.g. treatment, lifestyle, etc.) and health care (e.g. emotional support, practical services, etc.) were the most common unmet need domains across health conditions. A variety of methods and need assessments hampered comparisons between studies both across and within CHC.ConclusionIrrespective of illness, addressing unmet informational or health care needs may help to optimise outcomes and care for children and families living with common CHC. There was considerable variation in reporting styles, study design and need assessments both within and across conditions.Relevance to Clinical PracticeHealth care professionals must routinely evaluate the type, quality and quantity of psychoeducation and support that families of children with CHC want and receive. Providing nurses with more effective strategies to assess child and family needs across a broad range of domains may help to increase understanding of where further support for families is required.Patient or Public ContributionThere was no patient or public contribution to this study as it involved a systematic review of existing literature.
Double inversion recovery MRI of subcortical band heterotopia and its variations
Authors: Chiba Emiko , Sato Noriko , Kimura Yukio , Shigemoto Yoko , Maki Hiroyuki , Arizono Elly , Hamamoto Kohei , Taniguchi Go , Iwasaki Masaki , Ota Miho , Matsuda Hiroshi , Nakagawa Eiji 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeSubcortical band heterotopia (SBH) is a malformation of cortical development diagnosed via MRI. Currently, patients with SBH are classified according to Di Donato's classification. We aimed to show a variation of SBH and the usefulness of double inversion recovery (DIR) images.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the MRI findings of 28 patients with SBH. The patients were classified according to Donato's classification by using conventional MR images, and their DIR findings were reviewed.ResultsOf 28 patients, 20 were grade 1 and 8 were grade 2 according to Di Donato's classification. In 15 of 28 patients, the following four types of atypical MRI findings were detected: asymmetry distribution (four cases), coexistence of thin and thick SBH (five cases), and DIR faint abnormal signal intensity in subcortical white matter (five cases) and in deep white matter (five cases). The latter two types were detected on DIR alone and have not been reported. Additionally, these were identified only in the mild group (Di Donato's classification 1‐1 or 1‐2).ConclusionDIR is a useful MRI sequence for detecting faint white matter signal abnormalities, and it can aid in the accurate classification of SBH and identification of its variations, which may reflect the pathology of SBH.
Does job crafting affect employee outcomes via job characteristics? A meta‐analytic test of a key job crafting mechanism
Authors: Holman David , Escaffi‐Schwarz Maximiliano , Vasquez Cristian A. , Irmer Julien P. , Zapf Dieter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractJob crafting refers to the self‐initiated work behaviours employees use to change their job characteristics. According to job design theory, these crafting‐induced changes in job characteristics should impact employee outcomes. Job characteristics can therefore be proposed as a key mechanism through which job crafting affects employee outcomes and we present cross‐sectional meta‐analytic structural equation modelling of this key mechanism (K = 58 independent samples, N = 20,347 employees). Results show significant indirect effects between task resource crafting and employee outcomes (well‐being and positive job attitudes) via task resources, and significant indirect effects between social job crafting and employee outcomes (well‐being and positive job attitudes) via social resources. Results also indicated that challenge and hindrance demand crafting increase job strain via increases in job demand. Overall, our findings indicate that job characteristics are an important job crafting mechanism, that employees may have difficulty in crafting job demands in ways that produce beneficial outcomes, and that future research needs to consider simultaneously the range of mechanisms through which job crafting affects outcomes.
An Imperfect Space: Logistical Considerations in School‐Based Health Centers
Authors: Palme' Hannah , Skinner Daniel , Bode Sara , Irwin Mary Kay 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDFrom a range of perspectives, scholars have demonstrated the value of school‐based health centers (SBHCs) in recent decades, but few studies have examined the logistics of establishing SBHCs.METHODSSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 9 hospital and 6 school employees involved in a network of SBHCs. After common themes were identified, cluster analysis was performed. Finally, quotes were identified within each thematic cluster for further qualitative analysis.RESULTSThe most prominent themes were (1) differences in physical space (between schools and clinical settings), (2) collaboration and communication, and (3) privacy and compliance.IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITYThis study points to several high yield considerations for the practice of SBHCs. First, we identified three distinct needs: (1) clear funding streams for construction costs for health services on school grounds, (2) improved understanding of SBHC space needs, and (3) blueprints for collaborating within SBHCs. Second, this study points to a future in which new‐build and renovated schools should include space for SBHCs.CONCLUSIONSThis qualitative thematic analysis provides a picture of health and educational professionals engaged in creative, collaborative, and adaptive work to meet children's health care needs within SBHCs, but also highlights the challenges of navigating physical space, compliance, and collaboration within SBHCs.
Biochemical response of resistant and susceptible Capsicum spp. to Meloidogyne enterolobii
Authors: Marques Mônica Lau da Silva , de Jesus Jéssica Maria Israel , Oliveira Maythsulene Inácio de Sousa , Côrtes Marcio Vinicius de Carvalho Barros , de Filippi Marta Cristina Corsi , da Rocha Mara Rúbia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOne of the most important events for the success of parasitism is the nematode recognition of chemical signals exuded by the host plant. In response to the establishment of interactions, plants have evolved improved defence mechanisms. The present study aimed to identify resistance mechanisms by comparing the biochemical defence response of two chilli pepper (Capsicum spp.) genotypes (Bode roxa A‐resistant and Cambuci‐susceptible) to Meloidogyne enterolobii. The activity of β‐1,3‐glucanase (GLU), peroxidase, chitinase (CHI), phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase and lipoxygenase (LOX) was evaluated in the leaves and the roots at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after inoculation. There was an increase of GLU and CHI in leaves, and LOX in leaves and roots activities, of the resistant genotype (Bode roxa A). These results allow a better understanding of the defence mechanisms involved in the resistance of Capsicum spp. to M. enterolobii, which is an important step in developing management strategies for this pathosystem.