bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel potentiometric approach for the sensitive detection of cadmium in real samples using modified carbon paste electrodes
Authors: EL‐Sanafery Safa S. , Ibrahim Mahmoud W. , Abbas Ashraf A. , Mohamed Gehad G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe goal of this study was to demonstrate a novel potentiometric technique for the measurement of Cd(II) ion. A new ionophore called [5′‐(ethane‐1,2‐diylbis(sulfanediyl))bis(3‐phenyl‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐amine) (ESPTA)] was prepared and used as an electroactive material in the fabrication of new carbon paste electrode (CPE) for the quantification of Cd(II) ion. The paste was prepared by mixing ESPTA, graphite, graphene, and TCP or o‐NPOE as a plasticizer in different weight percent ratios. The developed electrodes I, II, III, and IV showed divalent Nernstian response of 29.80±0.05, 29.80±0.08, 29.86±±0.04 and 29.75±0.33 mV decade−1 over the concentration ranges of 1.0×10−5–1.0×10−1, 1.0×10−8–1.0×10−1, 1.0×10−6–1.0×10−1 and 1.0×10−7–1.0×10−1 mol L−1 with percentage of (2.65 ESPTA: 66.32 graphite: 31.03 TCP), (2.65 ESPTA: 13.27 graphite : 53.05 graphene : 31.03 TCP), (2.75 ESPTA: 68.68 graphite: 28.57 o‐NPOE) and (2.75 ESPTA: 13.74 graphite : 54.94 graphene : 28.57 o‐NPOE), for electrodes I, II, III, and IV, respectively. In order to improve the performance characteristics of electrodes I, II, III, and IV, response time, the effect of temperature, and pH were examined. The electrodes showed high selectivity for Cd(II) over different mono‐, di‐ or trivalent cations. These modified electrodes were applied for the determination of the concentration of Cd(II) in different real samples like Nido Milk, juice extractions and tap water samples with high percentage recovery. The F‐ and t‐test values showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the results obtained and those from the stated method of inductively coupled plasma. Low standard and relative standard deviation values, good percentage recovery, and modest detection and quantification limitations were all displayed by the electrodes. The outcomes showed the potentiometric method‘s effectiveness in detecting Cd(II) in actual samples and its potential for use in routine analysis.
Toxicity and mutagenicity studies of 6PPD‐quinone in a marine invertebrate species and bacteria
Authors: Botelho Marina Tenório , Militão Gabriely Groto , Brinkmann Markus , Umbuzeiro Gisela de Aragão 
Published: July 2023

AbstractN‐(1,3‐dimethylbutyl)‐N′‐phenyl‐p‐phenylenediamine‐quinone (6PPD‐quinone), an oxidation product of the tire additive, 6PPD, has been associated with high mortality of salmonids (0.1 μg/L). The objective of this study was to determine the acute toxicity using neonates and mutagenicity (micronuclei in hemolymph of exposed adults) of 6PPD‐quinone in the marine amphipod Parhyale hawaiensis. Also, we studied its mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsome assay using five strains of Salmonella with and without metabolic system (rat liver S9, 5%). 6PPD‐quinone did not present acute toxicity to P. hawaiensis from 31.25 to 500 μg/L. Micronuclei frequency increased after 96 h‐exposure to 6PPD‐quinone (250 and 500 μg/L) when compared to the negative control. 6PPD‐quinone also showed a weak mutagenic effect for TA100 only in the presence of S9. We conclude that 6PPD‐quinone is mutagenic to P. hawaiensis and weakly mutagenic to bacteria. Our work provides information for future risk assessment of the presence of 6PPD‐quinone in the aquatic environment.
Investigation of heavy metal removal from salty wastewater and voltage production using Shewanella oneidensisMR‐1 nanowires in a dual‐chamber microbial fuel cell
Authors: Munoz‐Cupa Carlos , Bassi Amarjeet 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHeavy metal removal and simultaneous energy production were studied using a dual chambered Microbial Fuel Cell inoculated with Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 in the anode. Synthetic wastewater was prepared with Cu (II), Mg (II), Mn (II), Zn (II), Na, and Phenol based on desalter effluent from refinery processes at different metal concentrations. In this study, a maximum open‐circuit voltage of 517.6 mV was reached at Conc. 5 with wastewater in the anode chamber, and 127.7 mV at Conc. 3 was produced with synthetic wastewater in the cathode chamber. Moreover, μ at Conc. 5 was 0.1133 h−1, demonstrating bacterial growth under metal and phenol concentrations. The highest metal removal in the anode for Cu (II), Mg (II), Mn (II), Zn (II), and Na was 93%, 85%, 93%, 88%, and 36%, respectively. In the cathode chamber the removal of Cu (II), Mg (II), Mn (II), Zn (II), and Na was 98%, 49%, 57%, 59%, and 36%, respectively. During the operation in the anode, SEM images showed that the bacterial nanowires are formed in response to toxic and anaerobic environments which contribute to the bacterial growth. These nanowires increased the metal removal and the voltage production as a consequence of a higher electron rate from the anode to the cathode due to the higher extracellular membrane surface area. S. oneidensis is a bacterium with metal‐reducing characteristics, and it is suitable for metal removal and electron transport from carbon sources, demonstrated in voltage production with microbial fuel cells.
A simple and economical fire test setup for examining the fire retardancy/extinguishing ability of water additive fire‐retardant materials on class A fires
Authors: Bokka Sravan , Ameta Pranav , Achary Srungarpu Nagabhusan , Chowdhury Anirban 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA portable lab scale test setup (1 × 1 × 0.72 m3) with apparatus and procedure has been illustrated to test the fire extinguishability of fire retardant materials (FRMs) as water additives on class A fires. The main objective was to use selected commercial, eco‐friendly FRM powders such as hydroxides, carbonates, and clays as water additive‐based fire extinguishing agents for suppressing solid fires. FRM powders, namely, Mg(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, and MMT‐Clay were added to water and were mist sprayed on a wooden fire (class A) to test their fire‐suppressing ability. A comparison involving tests with only water (without any additives) was also recorded. The solutions made with FRM additives in water showed promising results in suppressing the fire in comparison to systems with only water as an extinguishing agent. Heat sink materials, such as hydroxides and clays depicted commendable performances in retarding the burning process and almost doubled the capability of fire suppression with low loading. Their heat‐absorbing nature resisted the increase in temperature and slowed down the burning process causing an increase in the total burning time of the crib and avoiding reignition. Whereas, carbonates (CaCO3) showed a faster flame out by the release of CO2 gas, which diluted the oxygen content in the surroundings. The article concludes with a discussion of the requirements for the ideal water mist additive‐based fire extinguishing agent and a recommendation that future work include validation of the laboratory‐scale method based on a comparison with full‐scale suppression data for the same additives.
Robust interpolation for dispersed gas‐droplet flows using statistical learning with the fully Lagrangian approach
Authors: Stafford C. P. , Rybdylova O. 
Published: July 2023

SummaryA novel methodology is presented for reconstructing the Eulerian number density field of dispersed gas‐droplet flows modelled using the fully Lagrangian approach (FLA). In this work, the nonparametric framework of kernel regression is used to accumulate the FLA number density contributions of individual droplets in accordance with the spatial structure of the dispersed phase. The high variation which is observed in the droplet number density field for unsteady flows is accounted for by using the Eulerian‐Lagrangian transformation tensor, which is central to the FLA, to specify the size and shape of the kernel associated with each droplet. This procedure enables a high level of structural detail to be retained, and it is demonstrated that far fewer droplets have to be tracked in order to reconstruct a faithful Eulerian representation of the dispersed phase. Furthermore, the kernel regression procedure is easily extended to higher dimensions, and inclusion of the droplet radius within the phase space description using the generalised fully Lagrangian approach (gFLA) additionally enables statistics of the droplet size distribution to be determined for polydisperse flows. The developed methodology is applied to a range of one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional steady‐state and transient flows, for both monodisperse and polydisperse droplets, and it is shown that kernel regression performs well across this variety of cases. A comparison is made against conventional direct trajectory methods to determine the saving in computational expense which can be gained, and it is found that times fewer droplet realisations are needed to reconstruct a qualitatively similar representation of the number density field.
Nodal metastasis in surgically treated laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Prasad Aman , Carey Ryan M. , Panara Kush , Rajasekaran Karthik , Cannady Steven B. , Newman Jason G. , Brant Jason A. , Brody Robert M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundManagement of the neck in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is essential to oncologic control and survival. We aim to describe patterns and rates of clinical/pathologic lymph node disease, elective neck dissection (END), and occult lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with surgically‐managed LSCC.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of patients in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) diagnosed with LSCC between January 2004 and December 2016 who underwent primary surgery.ResultsSeven thousand eight hundred and seventy‐six patients met inclusion criteria. For cN0 patients, the rates of END and occult LNM both increased with tumor stage and were highest for supraglottic tumors. Predictors of occult LNM included supraglottic site, pathologic T3 and T4 stage, positive margins, and presence of lymphovascular invasion (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe propensity for cervical LNM in surgically‐managed LSCC varies based on primary tumor site and stage, and a variety of disease factors increase risk of occult LNM.
The importance of family support to engage and retain girls in male dominated action sports. A qualitative study of young people's perspectives
Authors: Sharman Melanie J. , Nash Meredith , Moore Robyn , Waddingham Suzanne , Oakley Anita L. , Langenberg Helen , Cleland Verity J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedSocial support is positively correlated with physical activity (PA), especially amongst girls, but is underexplored in male‐dominated action sports (e.g., mountain biking, skateboarding and surfing). This study explored family level social support needs and experiences of girls and boys in three action sports.MethodAspiring, current or former Australian adolescent (12–18 years; girls n = 25; boys n = 17) mountain bikers, skateboarders and/or surfers were individually interviewed (telephone/Skype) in 2018/2020. A socio‐ecological framework guided the semi‐structured interview schedule. Audio‐recordings were transcribed verbatim and data analysed thematically using a constant comparative approach.ResultsFamily level social support was highly influential in young people's participation in action sports, with its absence a common reason for no or discontinued engagement amongst girls. Parents and siblings were the main social support providers with extended family (e.g., grandparents, aunts/uncles, cousins) also notable. Participation (current/past/co‐) was the main social support type followed by emotional (e.g., encouragement), instrumental (e.g., transport, equipment/funding) and informational (e.g., coaching) support. Girls were inspired/encouraged by brothers but boys were not inspired/encouraged by sisters; boys and girls co‐participated with both parents but co‐participating and being inspired by fathers was most common, especially amongst girls; fathers were more commonly the main transport provider if they co‐participated with their child; fathers mostly provided initial coaching; only boys were taught equipment maintenance by parents.Conclusions and So WhatSport‐related organisations/groups have numerous opportunities to improve girls' representation in action sports by fostering family level social support through various means. Intervention strategies should be tailored to account for gendered participation differences.
Youths with disabilities: Utilization and predictors of Youths Friendly Reproductive Health Services in Dessie City Administration, North East Ethiopia, 2021: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Shehu Eshetu Y. , Kumar Prem , Yimam Wondwossen , Anteneh Samuel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsYounger generations with disabilities are more likely to be affected and have severe difficulties receiving specific services. Ethiopia is no exception to the global trend of poverty‐stricken countries with a higher frequency of illness or disability. This study aimed to assess the utilization of Youths Friendly Reproductive Health Services (YFRHS) and predictors among youths with disabilities in Dessie City, North East, Ethiopia, 2021.MethodsA community‐based, cross‐sectional study was conducted. Data were collected from the literature using questionnaires. Bivariable analysis was performed for each independent variable with a p < 0.25 on the data imported to multivariate logistic regression analysis. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) at a 5% level of significance has measured the strength of association between utilization of youth‐friendly reproductive services among disabilities and independent variables.ResultsOf 423 participants, 91% responded. About 42% of participants had used YFRHS. Youths in the age group of 20–24 years were 2.8 times more likely to use such services than 15–19‐year‐olds (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: [1.04, 7.44]). Disabled youths living alone were 3.6 times more likely to use the services than those with parents (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI: [1.36, 9.35]). Youths with a visual impairment were 80% less likely to use the services than youths with hearing impairments (AOR = 0.2, 95% CI: [0.18, 0.30]), and disabled youths with poor knowledge were 90% less likely to use the services than participants with good knowledge (AOR = 0.1, 95% CI: [0.01, 0.61]) were statistically significant.ConclusionThe utilization of YFRHS among youths with disabilities in Dessie Town was low. Participants aged 20–24 years, who lived alone, had visual impairment, and had poor knowledge, were found to be significantly associated.
Diabetes is associated with increased risk of death in COVID‐19 hospitalizations in Mexico 2020: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Huang Alexander A. , Huang Samuel Y. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and AimThe COVID‐19 disease course can be thought of as a function of prior risk factors consisting of comorbidities and outcomes. Survival analysis data for diabetic patients with COVID‐19 from an up to date and representative sample can increase efficiency in resource allocation. The study aimed to quantify mortality in Mexico for individuals with diabetes in the setting of COVID‐19 hospitalization.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study utilized publicly available data from the Mexican Federal Government, covering the period from April 14, 2020, to December 20, 2020 (last accessed). Survival analysis techniques were applied, including Kaplan–Meier curves to estimate survival probabilities, log‐rank tests to compare survival between groups, Cox proportional hazard models to assess the association between diabetes and mortality risk, and restricted mean survival time (RMST) analyses to measure the average survival time.ResultsA total of 402,388 adults age greater than 18 with COVID‐19 were used in the analysis. Mean age = 16.16 (SD = 15.55), 214,161 males (53%). Twenty‐day Kaplan–Meier estimates of mortality were 32% for COVID‐19 patients with diabetes and 10.2% for those without diabetes with log‐rank p < 0.01. Univariable analysis showed increased mortality in diabetic patients (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.54–3.67, p < 0.01) showing a 254% increase in death. After controlling for confounding variables, multivariate analysis continued to show increased mortality in diabetics (HR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.29–1.44, p < 0.01) indicating a 37% increase in death. Multivariable RMST at Day 20 showed in Mexico, hospitalized COVID‐19 patients were associated with less mean survival time by 2.01 days (p < 0.01) and a 10% increased mortality (p < 0.01).ConclusionsIn the present analysis, COVID‐19 patients with diabetes in Mexico had shorter survival times. Further interventions aimed at improving comorbidities in the population, particularly in individuals with diabetes, may contribute to better outcomes in COVID‐19 patients.
(Pre)treatment risk factors for late fatigue and fatigue trajectories following radiotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: Rosas Juan C. , Aguado‐Barrera Miguel E. , Azria David , Briers Erik , Elliott Rebecca , Farcy‐Jacquet Marie‐Pierre , Giraldo Alexandra , Gutiérrez‐Enríquez Sara , Rancati Tiziana , Rattay Tim , Reyes Victoria , Rosenstein Barry , De Ruysscher Dirk , Sperk Elena , Stobart Hilary , Talbot Christopher , Vega Ana , Taboada‐Valladares Begoña , Veldeman Liv , Ward Tim , Webb Adam , West Catharine , Chang‐Claude Jenny , Seibold Petra ,   the REQUITE Consortium
Published: July 2023

AbstractFatigue is common in breast‐cancer survivors. Our study assessed fatigue longitudinally in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and aimed to identify risk factors associated with long‐term fatigue and underlying fatigue trajectories. Fatigue was measured in a prospective multicenter cohort (REQUITE) using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI‐20) and analyzed using mixed models. Multivariable logistic models identified factors associated with fatigue dimensions at 2 years post‐RT and latent class growth analysis identified individual fatigue trajectories. A total of 1443, 1302, 1203 and 1098 patients completed the MFI‐20 at baseline, end of RT, after 1 and 2 years. Overall, levels of fatigue significantly increased from baseline to end of RT for all fatigue dimensions (P < .05) and returned to baseline levels after 2 years. A quarter of patients were assigned to latent trajectory high (23.7%) and moderate (24.8%) fatigue classes, while 46.3% and 5.2% to the low and decreasing fatigue classes, respectively. Factors associated with multiple fatigue dimensions at 2 years include age, BMI, global health status, insomnia, pain, dyspnea and depression. Fatigue present at baseline was consistently associated with all five MFI‐20 fatigue dimensions (ORGeneralFatigue = 3.81, P < .001). From latent trajectory analysis, patients with a combination of factors such as pain, insomnia, depression, younger age and endocrine therapy had a particularly high risk of developing early and persistent high fatigue years after treatment. Our results confirmed the multidimensional nature of fatigue and will help clinicians identify breast cancer patients at higher risk of having persistent/late fatigue so that tailored interventions can be delivered.
Capital flow deflection under the magnifying glass
Authors: Gori Filippo , Lepers Etienne , Mehigan Caroline 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLeveraging on a new quarterly dataset of capital control adjustments, we find renewed evidence that the introduction or tightening of capital controls in one economy increases capital inflows to other similar borrowing economies, an effect often called capital flow deflection. However, not all flows are deflected alike. Capital flow deflection is primarily driven by portfolio investment and bank credit, and only controls targeting these types of flows generate this externality. Moreover, analysing bilateral capital flows in order to capture investing countries' characteristics, we find that capital controls tend to deflect flows from advanced economies' portfolio equity investors, while controls on bank‐related flows primarily deflects lending from emerging market banks.
An efficient quantification of COVID‐19 in chest CT images with improved semantic segmentation using U‐Net deep structure
Authors: Salama Aya Nader , Mohamed M. A. , Amer Hanan M. , Ata Mohamed Maher 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe worldwide spread of the coronavirus (COVID‐19) outbreak has proven devastating to public health. The severity of pneumonia relies on a rapid and accurate diagnosis of COVID‐19 in CT images. Accordingly, a computed tomography (CT) scan is an excellent screening tool for detecting COVID‐19. This paper proposes a deep learning‐based strategy for recognizing and segmenting a COVID‐19 lesion from chest CT images, which would introduce an accurate computer aided decision criteria for the physicians about the severity rate of the patients. Two main stages have been proposed for detecting COVID‐19; first, a convolutional neural network (CNN) deep structure recognizes and classifies COVID‐19 from CT images. Second, a U‐Net deep structure segments the COVID‐19 regions in a semantic manner. The proposed system is trained and evaluated on three different CT datasets for COVID‐19, two of which are used to illustrate the system's segmentation performance and the other is to demonstrate the system's classification ability. Experiment results reveal that the proposed CNN can achieve classification accuracy greater than 0.99, and the proposed U‐Net model outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art in segmentation with an IOU greater than 0.92.
Pickering emulsion: From controllable fabrication to biomedical application
Authors: Pan Jiahao , Chen Jianping , Wang Xuejiao , Wang Ying , Fan Jun‐Bing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPickering emulsion, stabilized by solid particles, possesses low toxicity, high stability, large surface area as well as good biocompatibility in comparison with traditional molecular surfactant‐stabilized emulsion. As such, Pickering emulsion has received much attention in numerous fields including the chemical industry, food industry, agriculture, and biomedicine. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of Pickering emulsion from controllable fabrication to biomedical applications. Firstly, we elaborate on the influence of solid‐particle surfactant on the fabrication of Pickering emulsions and their corresponding preparation technologies. Secondly, we focus on the biomedical applications of Pickering emulsion, including antitumor treatment, antiviral infection, biosensing and biocatalysis as well as wound healing. Finally, we further introduce the proof‐of‐concept of Pickering emulsion and comment on the prospects of this emerging field.
Understanding chemistry with thesymmetry‐decomposed Voronoideformation density charge analysis
Authors: Nieuwland Celine , Vermeeren Pascal , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Fonseca Guerra Célia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe symmetry‐decomposed Voronoi deformation density (VDD) charge analysis is an insightful and robust computational tool to aid the understanding of chemical bonding throughout all fields of chemistry. This method quantifies the atomic charge flow associated with chemical‐bond formation and enables decomposition of this charge flow into contributions of (1) orbital interaction types, that is, Pauli repulsive or bonding orbital interactions; (2) per irreducible representation (irrep) of any point‐group symmetry of interacting closed‐shell molecular fragments; and now also (3) interacting open‐shell (i.e., radical) molecular fragments. The symmetry‐decomposed VDD charge analysis augments the symmetry‐decomposed energy decomposition analysis (EDA) so that the charge flow associated with Pauli repulsion and orbital interactions can be quantified both per atom and per irrep, for example, for σ, π, and δ electrons. This provides detailed insights into fundamental aspects of chemical bonding that are not accessible from EDA.