bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Home-based self-collection of biological samples, including vaginal swabs: a mixed methods study for Britain’s fourth National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-4)
Authors: Oeser Clarissa , Sonnenberg Pam , Unemo Magnus , Sadler Katharine , Clifton Soazig , Gibbs Jo , Beddows Simon , Hamilton Rebecca , Roodt Abraham , Migchelsen Stephanie , Dema Emily , David Alexandra , Mercer Catherine H , Field Nigel 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesThe decennial National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal) provide general population prevalence estimates in Britain for key sexually transmitted infections (STIs) through biosampling. Since methodological choices can impact acceptability and response rates, we evaluated processes for Natsal-4, including face-to-face and remote interview arrangements, non-return of test results and vaginal swab collection in two pilot studies.MethodsThe pilots were conducted during June to August 2021 and February to March 2022. Participants aged 16–59 years were invited to provide urine samples (cisgender men and trans/gender diverse) or three vaginal swabs (cisgender women; urine was requested if vaginal swabs were declined) following interview. Samples were self-collected at home and posted to the laboratory by the interviewer if the interview was face to face, or by the participant if they preferred to collect the sample later or the interview was remote. Process feedback was collected after the first pilot via qualitative interviews with participants and after both pilots through informal interviewer debriefing.ResultsOf 261 participants interviewed (pilot 1=130; pilot 2=131), 161 (62%) consented to biosampling, of which 129 (49%) provided samples. A sample was received from 78/153 (51%) of women, of whom 60 (77%) provided vaginal swabs and 18 (23%) provided a urine sample. A urine sample was received from 51/108 (47%) cisgender men or trans/gender diverse participants. All samples collected immediately after face-to-face interviews were received (n=77), while 64% of samples from participants consenting to post samples after face-to-face interviews and 60% after remote interviews were received. Process feedback confirmed our methods were broadly acceptable.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that our approach to biosampling and STI testing for a national sexual health survey was reasonably acceptable and feasible in the period coming out the COVID-19 pandemic. Self-collection of vaginal swabs for research, which provide higher testing sensitivity than urine, was feasible and acceptable in a home setting.
Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for upper limb spasticity after stroke: effect and feasibility—a randomised pilot study
Authors: Wang Yuting , Zhang Lili , Yin Rui , Zhang Yuqing , Dai Zifeng , Wang Min , Song Jiali , Fan Xiaonong , Zhang Yanan , Yang Sha , Shen Yan , Yang Chen , Song Qian , Sun Sihan , Liu Jian 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceLimb spasticity is a common issue among stroke patients. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) is recommended as an alternative therapy for managing upper limb spasticity after stroke; however, its potential effects and feasibility remain uncertain.ObjectiveTo investigate the potential effects and feasibility of TEAS on motor function in patients with upper limb spasticity after stroke.MethodsThis randomised controlled, double-blined pilot study was conducted in two phases. All the patients were randomly divided into two groups: the TEAS group and the sham TEAS group. The intervention period for both TEAS and sham TEAS was 6 weeks, with each session lasting 30 min and conducted thrice weekly. The outcomes measured were the Fugl–Meyer Assessment–Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) score, the effective improvement rate, the modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), the visual analogue scale (VAS), the Barthel index (BI) and the surface electromyography (sEMG).ResultsAll participants completed the course of therapy. Baseline characteristics were comparable across the two groups. Compared with the sham TEAS group, the TEAS group showed significant increases in FMA-UE score (P value=0.013), WMFT score (P value=0.001) and BI score (P value=0.008) at week 6. For integrated electromyogram (p=0.048) and root mean square of the biceps (p=0.033), lower scores were identified in the TEAS group compared with the sham TEAS group with a significant difference at week 6.ConclusionTEAS was acceptable and feasible in participants with upper limb spasticity after stroke. A pivotal study of this therapy is justified.
Nicotine levels in flavoured hookah (waterpipe) tobacco products: discrepancies between labelled and measured levels
Authors: Rezk-Hanna Mary , Ben Taleb Ziyad , Benowitz Neal L 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundHookah tobacco smoking is prevalent among youth and young adults. While health warning labels play a critical role in communicating the health risks of tobacco product use to consumers, compliance with US Federal Regulation’s nicotine warning requirements on hookah tobacco packaging is low. Some labelling suggests that consumers are exposed to ‘only 0.05% nicotine’. Here, this study sought to evaluate the accuracy of nicotine levels advertised on flavoured hookah tobacco packaging.MethodsWe measured nicotine content of commercial hookah tobacco in a total of 15 flavours purchased from five different manufactures, that were selected based on their popularity in the USA and UK markets. Concentrations of nicotine were determined by gas–liquid chromatography with nitrogen phosphorus detection, using 5-methyl nicotine as an internal standard. Nicotine content was expressed as a percentage of tobacco weight.ResultsOut of the 15 flavours tested and as compared with nicotine levels advertised on product packaging (0.05% nicotine), 12 (80%) had higher nicotine levels. Of these 12 flavours, actual nicotine levels ranged between 20% and 160% higher (0.08±0.01% vs 0.05%; mean±SE) than advertised levels. Estimates of determined levels of nicotine ranged from 0.05% to 0.13%.ConclusionNicotine levels cited by leading hookah tobacco manufacturers are misleading. The advertised levels of nicotine do not reflect the quantified dose of nicotine available to consumers of hookah tobacco products. Findings highlight the need for the development of hookah tobacco product regulations and labelling standards, similar to other tobacco products, to avoid misleading vulnerable consumers, including youth and young adults.
Changes in multidisciplinary perceptions of trauma video review following implementation of a novel program: let us go to the tape
Authors: Murray Matthew , Rogers Eli , Dellonte Kate , Dumas Ryan Peter , Vella Michael A 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundTrauma video review (TVR) is an evolving technology that can be used to measure technical and non-technical aspects of trauma care leading to meaningful improvements. Only 30% of centers currently use TVR, with non-users citing medicolegal concerns, staff discomfort with recording, and resource constraints as barriers to implementation. Multiple studies have shown established TVR programs are well-perceived by staff. Little is known about perceptions prior to, and after implementation of a new program.ObjectiveThis study evaluated changes in TVR perceptions following implementation of a new program.MethodsA 15-question survey was distributed to emergency department and trauma surgery providers at a level I trauma center prior to, and 1 year after, implementation of TVR. A 5-point Likert scale was used to evaluate perceptions of the value of TVR, measures of team dynamics, and staff discomfort with recording.ResultsA total of 106 pre-implementation and 82 post-implementation responses were recorded. Perceptions in several domains improved post-implementation including team leader effectiveness (3 (3–4) to 4 (3–4); p=0.002), communication (3 (3–4) to 4 (3–4); p<0.001), and self confidence in role (4 (3–4) to 4 (4–5); p=0.001). Staff discomfort with recording decreased post-implementation (3 (2–4) to 2 (2–3); p=0.002).ConclusionOur study shows that perceptions of TVR changed favorably after implementation, particularly perceptions of team dynamics and provider discomfort with recording. These results can be used to mitigate staff concerns about TVR and encourage the development of new programs.Level of evidenceIV.
High Glucose‐Induced Senescent Fibroblasts‐Derived Exosomal miR‐497 Inhibits Wound Healing by Regulating Endothelial Cellular Autophagy via ATG13
Authors: Liu Changjiang , Liu Yuting , Yu Yifeng , Huang Siyuan , Sun Chao , Zhang Dong , Yu Aixi 
Published: January 2025

Background: Fibroblasts play a crucial role in diabetic wound healing, and their senescence is the cause of delayed wound repair. It was reported that fibroblasts can secrete exosomes that can mediate a vital role in diabetic complications. Our purpose is to examine the biological function of high glucose (HG)‐induced senescent fibroblasts from the perspective of exosomes and reveal the mechanism at cellular and animal levels.Methods: HG‐induced senescent fibroblasts were measured by senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase staining and immunofluorescence. Flow cytometry, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (edu), and cell counting kit 8 (CCK‐8) assay were applied to detect apoptosis and cell viability. Fibroblasts and endothelial cells were cocultured, and the migration and angiogenesis abilities were detected by scratch, transwell, and tube formation assays. Exosomes were isolated and identified from fibroblasts that were treated differently. Then, the function of exosomes was investigated in cells and mice, including examining the cellular phenotype changes, detecting the autophagy levels, and evaluating the wound healing rate. Furthermore, the potential mechanism by which senescent fibroblast‐derived exosomes inhibit wound healing was examined via bioinformatics, real‐time quantitive polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), transfection, and dual‐luciferase assays.Results: It illustrated that HG‐induced senescent fibroblasts exhibited adverse impacts on cellular proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of endothelial cells via secreting exosomes, and senescent fibroblast‐derived exosomes (S‐Exos) can delay skin wound defects in mice. Subsequent differential analysis of the GSE153214 and GSE48417 datasets elucidated that miR‐497 was the biomarker in the senescent fibroblasts. Interestingly, the miR‐497 levels were also elevated in S‐Exos. Its overexpression can regulate human umbilical vein endothelial cell function by regulating autophagy via targeting ATG13. Furthermore, in vivo experiments also illustrated that miR‐497 can delay wound healing and reduce autophagy.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that exosomes from senescent fibroblasts can impair endothelial cell function and impede diabetic wound healing. The underlying mechanism was that fibroblast‐derived exosomal miR‐497 can target ATG13 to reduce autophagy, offering insight into new therapy for diabetic complications and other diseases.
Reasons and Features of Patients Who Leave the Emergency Department Without Being Seen
Authors: Abuguyan Fahad , Alhusainy Abdulaziz , Alsuliman Omar , Alqahtani Sarah , Alrajhi Abdulrahman 
Published: January 2025

Background: Emergency medicine practitioners encounter significant challenges related to patients who leave emergency departments (EDs) without being seen (LWBS) in the ED. We aimed to assess the characteristics, reasons, and rate of patients who left without being seen in the tertiary teaching hospital ED of King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Methods: A qualitative prospective observational study was conducted from January 4, 2023, to May 17, 2023, among patients who left the ED without being seen in the King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from the ED administrative database, phone surveys, and electronic files of the identified patients. Phone interviews with questionnaires were conducted with patients participating in the study within 1 week of their ED visit.Results: During the study period, 16,682 patients visited the adult ED and 636 (3.81%) remained unseen; 300 patients met the study criteria. Of these, 288 (96%) arrived at the hospital via private car and 12 (4%) used ambulances. Trauma and gastrointestinal, neurological, and cardiovascular complaints were the most common, reported by 24.33%, 18.33%, 12%, and 10% of patients, respectively. In our study, 55 patients (18.3%) experienced prolonged waiting times of more than four hours before leaving the ED. Most patients (75%) inquired about the reasons for not being seen by a physician while waiting; 137 (45.6%) asked a receptionist, 117 (39%) asked a nurse, and 28 (9.3%) asked a doctor. According to 76 (25.3%) patients, they should not have to wait, whereas 82 (27.3%) said that they should wait for an hour. When asked whether they would visit the same ED in the future, 213 (71%) answered yes and 87 (29%) answered no.Conclusion: We conclude that in our center, prolonged waiting time and ED overcrowding are the main reasons why patients leave the ED without seeing a physician. Younger patients are more prone to LWBS, with trauma and gastroenterological complaints being the most common presenting symptoms. The LWBS rate was 3.81% of the total ED visits during the study period.
The Prevalence and Progression of Microvascular Complications and the Interaction With Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status in People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Alobaid Thamer , Karalliedde Janaka , O’Connell Matthew DL , Gnudi Luigi , Sheehan Katie , Lim Ka Keat , Ayis Salma 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are serious complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The reported estimates of prevalence and progression of DN and DR vary widely across studies. We undertook a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the extent to which these variations in prevalence and progression of DN and DR may relate to different ethnic groups and socioeconomic status (SES).Methods: We searched the databases Ovid MEDLINE, Global Health, APA Psych Info, Embase, and PubMed for publications from 2005 to September 2023, based on T2DM and DN or DR, which included patient’s ethnicities and SES. Prevalence estimates were summarized by meta‐analysis using random effects models for each microvascular complication, stratified by ethnicity and SES. Data on progression was summarized narratively.Results: Twenty‐seven studies were included. The overall prevalence of DN was 18% (95% CI: 14%, 22%) with no differences noted by ethnic group. Low economic status and low education levels were associated with a 4% increased risk of DN compared to higher levels. Higher prevalence of DR was noted among the Afro‐Caribbeans, 28% (95% CI: 11%, 46%), compared to the White/Caucasian 19% (95% CI: 11%, 27%), and Asian/Indo Asians 25% (95% CI: 9%, 41%). Low‐SES populations have a higher prevalence of DR than high‐SES populations. The average prevalence was 16% (95% CI: 11%, 22%) among the high economic status group, compared to 25% (95% CI:20%, 30%) for the low economic status. Our study showed that Black ethnicity was associated with a higher risk of progression to end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) and diabetic maculopathy compared to other ethnicities. People with high SES had a lower rate of DR progression than those with low SES, odds ratio (OR) (0.63, 95% CI: 53%, 74%).Conclusion: Ethnicity and SES may be associated with differential risk of development and progression of DN and DR. The available evidence was limited by the number of studies and small samples for certain ethnic/socioeconomic groups.
Detection of GFAP and D‐Dimer in a Point‐of‐Care Test for Large Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Gaude Edoardo , Murphy Danielle , Gerstl Jakob V.E. , Kappel Ari D. , Dmytriw Adam A. , Nawabi Noah L.A. , Izzy Saef , Guardia Rodolfo E. Alcedo , Vicenty‐Padilla Juan C. , Gropen Toby , Patel Nirav J. , Liebeskind David S. , Siddiqui Adnan H. , See Alfred Pokmeng , Aziz‐Sultan Mohammed A. , Bernstock Joshua D. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
The blood biomarkers GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and D‐dimer have been shown to accurately diagnose large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke. The Upfront DX LVOne is a novel lateral flow‐based point‐of‐care test used for the detection of GFAP and D‐dimer. This study sought to (1) assess the performance of LVOne against commercially available point‐of‐care test platforms, which independently detect GFAP and D‐dimer (Abbott iSTAT TBI Plasma and LumiraDx D‐dimer), and to (2) assess the diagnostic performance of LVOne in large vessel occlusion detection.

METHODS
Manufacturer‐reported detection thresholds of the LVOne test for GFAP and D‐dimer (213 pg/mL and 600 ng/mL, respectively) were compared against commercial hospital‐based point‐of‐care test platforms using 20 randomly selected plasma samples for each biomarker. D‐dimer correlation between LVOne and LumiraDx was assessed using Spearman's Rank correlation coefficient; GFAP correlation between LVOne and the Abbott iSTAT TBI results were assessed using point biserial correlation. Diagnostic performance of the LVOne point‐of‐care test in conjunction with clinical assessment for detection of large vessel occlusion in plasma samples from 210 patients with suspected stroke was validated.

RESULTS

There was a strong positive correlation (Rho = 0.86,
P
<0.001) between the qualitative scoring of the lateral flow test and serum GFAP concentrations. Similarly, there was a significant positive correlation between the D‐dimer quantification and LVOne semiquantitative measurements (Rho = 0.90;
P
<0.0001). In our cohort of 210 patients with suspected stroke, the LVOne test in conjunction with clinical assessment had a sensitivity of 75% (95% CI, 51%–91%), a specificity of 92% (95% CI, 87%–95%), a positive predictive value of 48% (95% CI, 30%–67%), and a negative predictive value of 97% (95% CI, 94%–99%) for detection of large vessel occlusion.

CONCLUSION
Our results validate detection thresholds for the LVOne test in a representative cohort of plasma samples of patients with suspected stroke. Further studies are required to demonstrate the efficacy, safety, and diagnostic performance of LVOne in capillary blood during emergency care/clinical triage.
Persistent Periventricular Anastomosis Associated With Rebleeding After Bypass Surgery for Hemorrhagic Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Hamano Eika , Funaki Takeshi , Kataoka Hiroharu , Hidaka Yu , Kikuchi Takayuki , Mineharu Yohei , Chihara Hideo , Yoshida Kazumichi , Takagi Yasushi , Takahashi Jun C. , Iihara Koji , Miyamoto Susumu , Arakawa Yoshiki 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
Although bypass surgery can reduce rebleeding risk in hemorrhagic moyamoya disease, the risk remaining after surgery is not negligible. We hypothesized that the postoperative persistence of periventricular anastomosis (PA), a fragile periventricular collateral manifestation, is associated with rebleeding.

METHODS
This retrospective cohort study included patients with moyamoya disease who underwent direct bypass at 2 institutions after hemorrhagic presentation. Either presence or absence of PA after surgery was radiologically determined by grading of each subtype, lenticulostriate, thalamic, or choroidal anastomosis, 3–6 months after surgery. The time interval between the surgery and the rebleeding event or last visit was calculated.

RESULTS
Of 116 eligible patients comprising 232 hemispheres, 172 hemispheres underwent surgery. Rebleeding occurred in 16 hemispheres of 15 patients (2.0% per person‐year) during the median follow‐up period of 6.3 years. The hemisphere‐based annual rebleeding rate was 2.0% in the PA‐positive hemispheres as compared with 0.46% in the PA‐negative hemispheres. The adjusted hazard ratio of rebleeding for positive PA relative to negative PA was 4.11 (95% CI, 1.07–15.82). Among subtypes of PA, lenticulostriate anastomosis was the most likely to persist after surgery (34 of 62 anastomoses) and to cause rebleeding (8 of 16 hemispheres).

CONCLUSION
The persistence of PA, especially that of lenticulostriate anastomosis, might be associated with rebleeding after surgery. This suggests the importance of assessing and optimally managing PA for improving long‐term outcomes.
Hans Bender in Conversation with Carl Jung
Authors: Yiassemides Angeliki , Wittmann Marc 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In 1960, a year before Carl Jung’s death, the German parapsychologist Hans Bender met with him to ask his opinion regarding a sequence of strange events that transpired in the previous years. During this meeting, Bender would reveal to Jung the multiple synchronicities that surrounded his mother’s death. In turn, Jung offered his interpretation and elaborated on topics that he had rarely done in the previous years, touching on parapsychological matters, life after death, participation mystique between mother and son, and then nature of time. In this article we elaborate on this discussion by referring to recent conceptualizations and empirical findings regarding death awareness, altered states of consciousness, as well as empirical studies in anomalous cognition, such as precognition and presentiment.
The Creative Psyche
Authors: Roesler Christian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper presents Carl Gustav Jung’s theoretical model for the use of creative methods in psychotherapy. An overview is provided of applications of this model in the fields of Sandplay Therapy, art therapies, and therapeutic dream work. An overview is given of empirical studies in these fields investigating the effectiveness of such therapeutic approaches; to some extent, also the validity of the theoretical model has been tested. There is solid support for both effectiveness and the theoretical model in the field of Sandplay Therapy, to some extent also in the field of dream work. In contrast, there is still a need for more research in the field of art therapies. The specific needs for future research and some potential perspectives are outlined.
Review of Gary Clark, Carl Jung and the Evolutionary Sciences: A New Vision for Analytical Psychology. London and New York: Routledge, 2025
Authors: Swogger Benjamin J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Carl Jung and the Evolutionary Sciences: A New Vision for Analytical Psychology by Gary Clark returns to the anthropological theories of Jung’s time to assess whether they, and those of Jung’s ideas informed by them, remain useful for contemporary Jungian research in light of more recent scientific advances. This essay presents Clark’s central claims, including his validation of Jung’s use of supposedly discredited evolutionary beliefs, and evaluates whether Clark’s project truly represents ‘a new vision for analytical psychology’.