bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of current and future water demand scenario and hydraulic performance of water distribution systems, a case study for Addis Kidam Town, Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Yitbarek Andualem 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe hydraulic performance and future water demand of water distribution networks are major factors affecting the efficiency of water distribution systems throughout the world. Currently, Addis Kidam Town in Ethiopia is facing many water supply challenges. Their existing water distribution system is inadequate experiencing significant water loss, pressure, and flow velocity. All becoming worse with forecast population increases. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the hydraulic performance of the water distribution network considering both the existing water demand, together with forecast future water demand. The study was undertaken in Addis Kidam Town in Ethiopia using static analysis and WaterGEMS V8i software. The data were collected using experiment tests, field observation, focus group discussions, and interviews. Sampling sizes of pipes and junctions of distribution networks were used to evaluate velocity and pressure changes of 12% and 15%, respectively, from high and low-pressure zones. The results of this study indicated that the existing distribution network was designed to supply a population of 8,906; however, the current population was 25,854. The existing system can accordingly not meet current demand. The current system was only supplying 19.5 l/c/d to each family and was only able to supply 45.2% of households. All compounded because water loss of the distribution network was 37.9%. Simulation of existing distribution network at junctions and pipes has both 26.6% and 4.3%, and 2.4% and 29.9% lower pressures and velocities during peak and minimum hourly demand, respectively. Model performance values of RMSE, MAE, R2, and NSE of distribution networks were 0.65, 0.40, 0.96, and 0.82 and 0.56, 0.38, 0.98, and 0.78 during the calibration and validation of pressure, flow, and tank level, respectively. The research recommends a two-phase strategic water distribution system response beginning by upgrading and expanding the water distribution network, to first achieve a supply of 30 l/c/d by 2032, and then lifting this to the 30–80 l/c/d range before 2042. The proposed water management upgrading approach is expected to establish a good water supply for all residential communities of the town facing comparable challenges. In general, this study’s findings showed that the existing water supply system could not meet the present demand, let alone meet future growth demand. The existing modeling highlighted that significant increases in supply are possible by targeting system improvements, together with the need to find additional supply to meet both present and future water demand.
A new technique for flood routing by nonlinear Muskingum model and artificial gorilla troops algorithm
Authors: Moradi Ehsan , Yaghoubi Behrouz , Shabanlou Saeid 
Published: December 2022

AbstractConsidering cost and time, the Muskingum method is the most efficient flood routing technique. The existing Muskingum models are only different in the storage equation and their efficiency depends on the model type and the estimation of different parameters. In this paper, the nonlinear Muskingum model is combined with a new lateral flow equation. Although the new lateral flow equation includes five decision variables, flood routing is done more accurately than previous studies. The new hybrid Muskingum model have 12 decision variables. To approximate the model decision variables, the artificial gorilla troops optimizer is utilized. The new Muskingum is examined for six case studies. The results of the new proposed method for these studies indicates the significant improvement of the model compared to previous research. Moreover, the sixth case study is the Dinavar River flood, which has not been used by researchers so far. Another significant point is the outstanding performance of the powerful artificial gorilla troops algorithm in minimizing the target function.
Forecasting monthly pan evaporation using hybrid additive regression and data-driven models in a semi-arid environment
Authors: Elbeltagi Ahmed , Al-Mukhtar Mustafa , Kushwaha N. L. , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Vishwakarma Dinesh Kumar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExact estimation of evaporation rates is very important in a proper planning and efficient operation of water resources projects and agricultural activities. Evaporation is affected by many driving forces characterized by nonlinearity, non-stationary, and stochasticity. Such factors clearly hinder setting up rigorous predictive models. This study evaluates the predictability of coupling the additive regression model (AR) with four ensemble machine-learning algorithms—random Subspace (RSS), M5 pruned (M5P), reduced error pruning tree (REPTree), and bagging for estimating pan evaporation rates. Meteorological data encompass maximum temperature, minimum temperature, mean temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed from three different agroclimatic stations in Iraq (i.e., Baghdad, Mosul, and Basrah) were utilized as predictor parameters. The regression model in addition to the sensitivity analysis was employed to identify the best-input combinations for the evaluated methods. It was demonstrated that the AR-M5P estimated the evaporation with higher accuracy than others when combining wind speed, relative humidity, and the minimum and mean temperatures as input parameters. The AR-M5P model provided the best performance indicators, i.e., MAE = 33.82, RMSE = 45.05, RAE = 24.75, RRSE = 28.50, and r = 0.972 for Baghdad; MAE = 25.82, RMSE = 35.95, RAE = 23.75, RRSE = 29.64, and r = 0.956 for Mosul station, respectively. The outcomes of this study proved the superior performance of the hybridized methods in addressing such intricate hydrological relationships and hence could be employed for other environmental problems.
Water resource management for improved crop cultivation and productivity with hydraulic engineering solution in arid northern Afghanistan
Authors: Hussainzada Wahidullah , Cabrera Jonathan Salar , Samim Ahmad Tamim , Lee Han Soo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study is presenting a multidisciplinary approach for mitigations of water resources in the irrigation, water supply, energy, and flood protection using hydrological model coupled with multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). The study area is originated in the northern Afghanistan with serious water issues. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was adopted for the hydrological modelling. The model was calibrated and validated using monthly streamflow from 2010 to 2018. The current irrigation state of the watershed was revised based on the crop water requirements and land area to address water shortages. The investigations lead to an engineering-based solution (dam construction) to regulate and control the streamflow, especially during winter and flood season. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) based on expert’s opinions were used to determine suitable dam site locations. Then, the dam was added to the SWAT model for dam’s impact assessment. The dam reservoir capacity (197,900,938 m3), dam storage area (748 ha), dam height (69 m), electricity generation (Ave = 25.4 MW,  Min =16.23 MW, , Max = 66.5 MW), and flood protection ability were estimated. Finally, cost–benefit analysis (CBA) was conducted to ensure the project feasibility. The CBA proves the feasibility and applicability of proposal. The surplus water can address the water shortages with an extra capacity of irrigating 17,180.5 ha or provision of water supply for the Mazar-i-Sharif city (the fourth biggest city in the Afghanistan). These findings can be used as guidance for the decision-makers in the BRB for the future development of water resource management strategies.
The ozonation effect on flocculation and polymer consumption reduction in the hybrid treatment of Iran Central iron ore companies' effluent: a cost–benefit study
Authors: Jalili Mahrokh , Abbasi Fariba , Dalvand Arash , Fatahi Bafghi Hamed , Ebrahimi Ali Asghar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIran's most important iron ore mine is located in the central region, and because of the water shortage in this area, the need to reuse the effluent from this mine is essential. On the other hand, there are no suitable conditions for treating large effluent volumes in iron mine in central Iran. For this reason, produced effluent should be reduced and returned to the consumption cycle by using appropriate technology. This study aimed to investigate the ozonation/lime effect on polymer consumption reduction and evaluate the treatment and economic efficiency compared to the currently used treatment method (coagulation-flocculation without ozonation/lime).The use of ozonation along with the coagulation and flocculation process has been an effective factor in reducing all the studied indicators, which has been a much more significant reduction effect for turbidity (95%), decreasing from 374-350NTU in the non-ozonation process to 110-160NTU, and Chemical oxygen demand (37%). In addition to increasing the treatment efficiency, the hybrid ozonation/coagulation and flocculation process reduced operation costs. The ozonation process caused the high-level conversion of Fe2+ and Al2+ to Fe3+ and Al3+ (> 90%), thus it improved wastewater treatment and increased cost benefit. The hybrid process was affected in improving the effluent quality and reducing the produced sludge volume. The ozonation process caused sludge volume reduction or has photocatalytic effect on it. It effected the micro-sized bubbles production reduction in sludge volume unit. However, estimating the cost–benefit of using this method can be beneficial in making the final decision on whether to use it or not.
Novel reliable model by integrating the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems with wavelet transform and firefly algorithms for rainfall forecasting in the north of Iran
Authors: Esmaeili Farzad , Shabanlou Saeid , Saadat Mohsen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRainfall is perhaps the most important source of drinking and agriculture water for the inhabitants of different parts of the world, particularly in arid and semi-arid area like Iran. Hence, the simulation of this hydrological phenomenon is crucial. The current research attempts to reproduce the long-term monthly precipitation of Ardabil, Iran, during 44 years from 1976 to 2020 for the first time via a hybrid fuzzy technique. For developing this model (WANFIS-FA), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), firefly algorithm and wavelet transform were integrated. Firstly, the impacting lags of time series data were recognized by using the autocorrelation function and 14 WANFIS-FA models were defined using them. Then, the results of WANFIS-FA models were evaluated and the best WANFIS-FA model and the most influencing lags were found. For example, the variance accounted for index (VAF), correlation coefficient (R) and Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (NSC) values for the superior WANFIS-FA model were computed to be 98.082, 0.990 and 0.980, respectively. In addition, the lags (t − 1), (t − 2), (t − 3) and (t − 12) were the most effective ones. Next, different members of the mother wavelet were tested and finally demy was selected as an optimal wavelet. Also, the analysis of the outcomes of the hybrid models demonstrated that the wavelet transform meaningfully enhanced the efficiency of the neuro-fuzzy model. Finally, the efficiency of WANFIS-FA was compared with ANFIS, WANFIS and ANFIS-FA, which displayed that WANFIS-FA performed better.
The impact of insomnia on frailty and the hallmarks of aging
Authors: Carvalhas-Almeida Catarina , Cavadas Cláudia , Álvaro Ana Rita 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThroughout the course of life, there are age-related changes in sleep. Despite these normal changes, there is a high percentage of older adults that report sleep dissatisfaction with a high pervasiveness of chronic insomnia, the most common sleep disorder worldwide, with its prevalence being expected to continuously increase due to the growing rates of aging and obesity. This can have different adverse health outcomes, especially by promoting both physical and cognitive decline, which ultimately may aggravate frailty in older adults. Moreover, age-related frailty and sleep dysfunction may have a common mechanism related to the hallmarks of cellular aging. Cellular aging was categorized into nine hallmarks, such as DNA damage, telomere attrition and epigenetic changes. In the context of geriatric and chronic insomnia research, this review aims at discussing the current evidence from both animal models and human cohorts addressing the link between chronic insomnia, the hallmarks of aging and their impact on frailty. Moreover, the most recent research about the putative effect of insomnia therapeutic approaches on hallmarks of aging will be also highlighted.
Green Synthesis of Nano-Zero-Valent Copper for the D-Blue 60 Textile Dye Removal from Aqueous Medium
Authors: Zayed Mohamed A. , Abdel-Gawad Soha A. , Abdel-Aziz Hossam M. , Abo-Ayad Zahraa A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGreen synthesis of zero-valent copper nanoparticles successfully performed using Ficus benjamina leaves. The novel adsorbent Ficus nano-zero-valent copper (FB-nZVCu) characterized by utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The size of these nanoparticles typically ranges from 16 to 18 nm. This adsorbent investigated for removal of D-blue 60 from textile wastewater. The impact of different operating parameters, including pH, adsorbent dose, stirring rate, time, and initial dye concentration, had been tested, and optimum conditions were selected to gauge the optimum dye removal performance of the adsorbent. The maximum removal efficiency of D-blue 60 reached 87% under the following proper conditions: adsorbent dose 0.3 g L−1, time 30 min, and pH 8. The Langmuir isotherm was found to be the most appropriate system for the adsorption process (R2 = 0.9994) and (qmax = 30.03 mg g−1). The pseudo-second-order model defined the adsorption. From the data obtained and the fruitful discussion, it detected that the FB-nZVCu green adsorbent strongly recommended as a hopeful substance for removing D-blue 60 from both synthetic and actual waste samples.Highlights

Green synthesis of eco-friendly FB-nZVCu nanoparticles utilizing low-cost material Ficus benjamina leaves.

The FB-nZVCu nanoparticles are efficient nano-adsorptive agents for removing D-blue 60 from wastewater under optimum conditions.

The Langmuir isotherm and PSO kinetics model provided a good fit to the adsorption data.
Recent Relative Sea‐Level Changes Recorded by Coral Microatolls in Southern Ryukyus Islands, Japan: Implication for the Seismic Cycle of the Megathrust
Authors: Debaecker S. , Feuillet N. , Satake K. , Sowa K. , Yamada M. , Watanabe A. , Saiki A. , Saurel J.‐M. , Nakamura M. , Occhipinti G. , Yu T.‐L. , Shen C.‐C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe seismic hazard related to megathrust earthquakes in the Ryukyus (southern Japan) is poorly constrained as no large earthquake has been reported there. The Meiwa tsunami impacted the coasts of the Yaeyama and Miyako islands in 1771 but its origin is still debated. Global Navigation Satellite Systems measurements indicate that strain is accumulating along the plate interface but the observation period is short. It is thus crucial to gain information on the seismic potential of the megathrust. The islands of the Ryukyu archipelago are located in a tropical region and surrounded by reefs where numerous microatolls are growing. They preserved the record of variations of the relative sea‐level in their skeleton. We mapped seven sites over five islands and subsequently selected and sampled eight slabs of modern microatolls. The corals have emerged slowly at a rate of 0.7–2.8 mm/yr due to the long‐term interseismic loading on the megathrust up to 40 km in deep. The coupling rate estimated from elastic back‐slip models ranges between 10% and 100%. We also identified multi‐decadal relative sea‐level changes of a few cm/yr, likely due to very long duration slow‐slip events (SSE) along the shallow or deep parts of the megathrust. Those SSEs occur each 10–40 years and have accommodated 50% of the convergence rate in the last 250 years. Our study provides new constraints on the seismic cycle of the Ryukyu megathrust and on the seismic hazard in this region and suggests that a large megathrust earthquake could occur in the area in the future.
DYRK3 phosphorylates SNAPIN to regulate axonal retrograde transport and neurotransmitter release
Authors: Lee Ye Hyung , Suh Bo Kyoung , Lee Unghwi , Ryu Seung Hyun , Shin Sung Ryong , Chang Sunghoe , Park Sang Ki , Chung Kwang Chul 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAmong the five members of the dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) family, the cellular functions of DYRK3 have not been fully elucidated. Some studies have indicated limited physiological roles and substrates of DYRK3, including promotion of glioblastoma, requirement in influenza virus replication, and coupling of stress granule condensation with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling. Here, we demonstrate that serum deprivation causes a decrease in intracellular DYRK3 levels via the proteolytic autophagy pathway, as well as the suppression ofDYRK3gene expression. To further demonstrate how DYRK3 affects cell viability, especially in neurons, we used a yeast two-hybrid assay and identified multiple DYRK3-binding proteins, including SNAPIN, a SNARE-associated protein implicated in synaptic transmission. We also found that DYRK3 directly phosphorylates SNAPIN at the threonine (Thr) 14 residue, increasing the interaction of SNAPIN with other proteins such as dynein and synaptotagmin-1. In central nervous system neurons, SNAPIN is associated with and mediate the retrograde axonal transport of diverse cellular products from the distal axon terminal to the soma and the synaptic release of neurotransmitters, respectively. Moreover, phosphorylation of SNAPIN at Thr-14 was found to positively modulate mitochondrial retrograde transport in mouse cortical neurons and the recycling pool size of synaptic vesicles, contributing to neuronal viability. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that DYRK3 phosphorylates SNAPIN, positively regulating the dynein-mediated retrograde transport of mitochondria and SNARE complex-mediated exocytosis of synaptic vesicles within the neurons. This finding further suggests that DYRK3 affects cell viability and provides a novel neuroprotective mechanism.
Cryo-EM structure of the respiratory I + III2 supercomplex from Arabidopsis thaliana at 2 Å resolution
Authors: Klusch Niklas , Dreimann Maximilian , Senkler Jennifer , Rugen Nils , Kühlbrandt Werner , Braun Hans-Peter 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProtein complexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain assemble into respiratory supercomplexes. Here we present the high-resolution electron cryo-microscopy structure of the Arabidopsis respiratory supercomplex consisting of complex I and a complex III dimer, with a total of 68 protein subunits and numerous bound cofactors. A complex I-ferredoxin, subunit B14.7 and P9, a newly defined subunit of plant complex I, mediate supercomplex formation. The component complexes stabilize one another, enabling new detailed insights into their structure. We describe (1) an interrupted aqueous passage for proton translocation in the membrane arm of complex I; (2) a new coenzyme A within the carbonic anhydrase module of plant complex I defining a second catalytic centre; and (3) the water structure at the proton exit pathway of complex III2 with a co-purified ubiquinone in the QO site. We propose that the main role of the plant supercomplex is to stabilize its components in the membrane.
Negative Poisson’s ratio polyethylene matrix and 0.5Ba(Zr0.2 Ti0.8) O3–0.5(Ba0.7 Ca0.3)TiO3 based piezocomposite for sensing and energy harvesting applications
Authors: Karmakar Saptarshi , Kiran Raj , Bowen Chris , Vaish Rahul , Chauhan Vishal Singh , Elqahtani Zainab Mufarreh , Ahmed Samia Ben , Al-Buriahi M. S. , Kumar Anuruddh , Sung Tae Hyun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFinite element studies were conducted on 0.5Ba(Zr0.2 Ti0.8) O3–0.5(Ba0.7 Ca0.3)TiO3 (BCZT) piezoelectric particles embedded in polyethylene matrix to create a piezocomposite having a positive and negative Poisson's ratio of −0.32 and 0.2. Polyethylene with a positive Poisson's ratio is referred to as non-auxetic while those with negative Poisson's ratio are referred to as auxetic or inherently auxetic. The effective elastic and piezoelectric properties were calculated at volume fractions of (4%, 8% to 24%) to study their sensing and harvesting performance. This study compared lead-free auxetic 0–3 piezocomposite for sensing and energy harvesting with non-auxetic one. Inherently auxetic piezocomposites have been studied for their elastic and piezoelectric properties and improved mechanical coupling, but their sensing and energy harvesting capabilities and behavior patterns have not been explored in previous literatures. The effect of Poisson's ratio ranging between −0.9 to 0.4 on the sensing and energy harvesting performance of an inherently auxetic lead free piezocomposite composite with BCZT inclusions has also not been studied before, motivating the author to conduct the present study. Auxetic piezocomposite demonstrated an overall improvement in performance in terms of higher sensing voltage and harvested power. The study was repeated at a constant volume fraction of 24% for a range of Poisson's ratio varied between −0.9 to 0.4. Enhanced performance was observed at the extreme negative end of the Poisson's ratio spectrum. This paper demonstrates the potential improvements by exploiting auxetic matrices in future piezocomposite sensors and energy harvesters.
Modulating mental state recognition by anodal tDCS over the cerebellum
Authors: Clausi Silvia , Lupo Michela , Funghi Giulia , Mammone Alessia , Leggio Maria 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIncreasing evidence from neuroimaging and clinical studies has demonstrated cerebellar involvement in social cognition components, including the mentalizing process. The aim of this study was to apply transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to modulate cerebellar excitability to investigate the role the cerebellum plays in mental state recognition. Forty-eight healthy subjects were randomly assigned to different groups in which anodal, cathodal, or sham tDCS (2 mA for 20 min) was delivered centering the electrode on the vermis to stimulate the posterior portion of the cerebellum. The ability to attribute mental states to others was tested before and after tDCS using a digital version of the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes test', which includes visual perceptive and motor stimuli as control conditions. Correct response and reaction times (RTs) were recorded. The results revealed a significant reduction in RTs between the baseline and post-stimulation sessions after cerebellar anodal tDCS only for mental state stimuli (Wilcoxon test p = 0.00055), whereas no significant effect was found in the cathodal or sham conditions or for visual perceptive and motor stimuli. Overall, our study suggests that cerebellar anodal tDCS might selectively improve mental state recognition and constitute an effective strategy to positively modulate the mentalizing process.