bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boosting human capacities: How vaccination behavior and intention relates to attitudes toward vaccination, Human Enhancement, and naturalness
Authors: Döbler Niklas Alexander , Carbon Claus-Christian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background: Even if vaccinations are widely available, a considerable number of people reject them. As sophisticated biotechnologies capable of augmenting the human body's capacities, vaccinations are an instance of Human Enhancement (HE): The effort to use technologies to improve humans. Global vaccination efforts against SARS-CoV-2 evoke public concerns similar to those in the general HE debate, namely, naturalness and invasiveness. We explore these variables and their connection to vaccination behavior in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: We conducted an online survey (N = 314 persons) with 256 participants (81.5%) vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 and n = 58 (18.5%) not vaccinated. Participants answered questions concerning their attitudes on nature and naturalness, willingness to use cognitive enhancement methods, HE, psychological effects of vaccination, and planned vaccination. Several Bayesian regression models were constructed to predict the willingness to use cognitive enhancement, attitudes toward vaccinations and HE, and whether people plan for further vaccination doses.
Results: Participants were more willing to use methods to improve cognitive abilities if considered natural, non-invasive, and not used frequently. A less affirmative attitude toward naturalness was also associated with more willingness to use. Effects were primarily moderated by vaccination status. Vaccinated and unvaccinated participants differed substantially, especially in measures that reflected the attitude toward naturalness and related phenomena. Participants did not assess vaccinations as a prime example of HE. Rating of vaccination as enhancement did not reliably predict attitude on vaccination nor HE. More affirmative attitudes toward naturalness and not being vaccinated were negatively associated with the attitude toward vaccinations and HE. A positive attitude toward HE predicted a more positive attitude toward vaccinations. Support of disease control measures and attitude toward vaccinations positively predicted vaccination intention. Receiving the vaccination led to psychological relief.
Conclusions: Motives of vaccination and HE refusal appear to be linked. Interventions considered unnatural and invasive are deemed unfavorable. These reasons seem more pronounced for unvaccinated participants. If HE, e.g., vaccination, constitutes an essential public health measure, concerns about the human relationship to nature, perceived naturalness, and sanctity of the human body must be sufficiently and thoughtfully addressed.
Suicide Attempt Among Malaysian School-Going Adolescents: Relationship with Bullying
Authors: Liew Siaw Hun , Razak Mohamad Aznuddin Abd , Kassim Mohd Shaiful Azlan , Ahmad Noor Ani , Tan LeeAnn 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUND
According to World Health Organization (WHO), the fourth leading cause of death among adolescents aged 15–19 years is suicide. The National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2017 reported that suicidal ideation among Malaysian adolescents raised from 7.9–10%; suicidal plans increased from 6.4–7.3%, and suicidal attempts increased from 6.8% − 6.9% as compared to NHMS 2012. Of the three, suicide attempts are the most serious as they can cause significant negative impacts on health, social and economic status. Bullying is one of the factors for adolescent suicide attempts, and its relationship to suicidality in adolescents has been shown in numerous research.
OBJECTIVES
This study examined the relationship between suicide attempts and bullying among school adolescents in Malaysia.
METHODS
Data from the Malaysia NHMS 2017, a nationwide study which adopted a two-stage cluster sampling design, were analysed. The survey used a self-administered questionnaire in bilingual language adapted from GSHS developed by WHO. Participants were secondary school students aged 13–17 in all states. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 28.
RESULTS
A total of 27,497 school adolescents participated in the study. Results showed that 6.9% of school adolescents had attempted suicide. There was 16.2% of adolescents being bullied. Multiple logistic regression revealed that students who were bullied were more likely to have suicide attempts (aOR 4.827, 95% CI: 4.143, 5.624) P < 0.001.
A relationship between genetic sequencing and prognosis for combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xinfeng , Cheng Jiamin , li Yinyin , Dong Jinghui , Gao Yuan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Aim: Combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (CHCC-CCA) is one of a primary liver cancer. According to the epidemiological investigation, the incidence is the lowest among the three primary liver cancers. Due to the lack of current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, we collected mutation genes and immunohistochemical results to search for markers of poor prognosis.
Patients & methods: The genomic profiles of 10 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and 10 CHCC-CCA patients were reviewed and analyzed, including genomic change (GA), tumor mutation load, microsatellite instability, and pathological immunohistochemical results.
Results: In CHCC-CCA, GA is the most common in TP53, TERT and LRP1B, while in ICC, GA is the most common in TP53, CYP2C19 and ATM. Mutations of TP53, CYP2C19 and ATM in ICC were associated with poor prognosis, while mutations of TP53, TERT and KIT in CHCC-CCA were associated with poor prognosis. Immunohistochemical results showed that high expressions of CK19, CK7, HSP70 and GS in ICC were correlated with poor prognosis, and high expressions of MEA, CK7 and HSP70 in CHCC-CCA were correlated with poor prognosis.
Conclusion: These results suggest that genomic changes are associated with prognosis in CHCC-CCA and ICC. By using mutated genes and immunohistochemical results as markers of poor prognosis, the disease can be further studied and more effective treatments can be found.
A Systematic Review of the Physical and Cardiorespiratory Impairments in People Who Experience Long COVID
Authors: Salmam Imane , Dubé Marc-Olivier , Zahouani Imane , Desmeules François , Best Krista L. , Roy Jean-Sébastien 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, about 10 to 20% of people who have contracted COVID-19 continue to experience symptoms and physical sequelae which lead to a decrease of their physical capacities and impact their quality of life. The persistence of such symptoms for more than 4 weeks is defined as “long COVID”. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review to identify and synthetize the physical and cardiorespiratory deficiencies in people experiencing long COVID. A structured search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science databases for cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort studies reporting on physical and cardiorespiratory deficits in people suffering from long COVID. After applying selection criteria on identified citations, 17 studies (2394 long COVID adults) were included. Descriptive statistics were used to describe groups characteristics and outcomes. Adults with long COVID showed a possible decrease in walking distance during the six-minute walk test (6MWT), lower scores in the short physical performance battery test (SPPB) and an uncertain performance reduction in the sit to stand test (STS). Moreover, lower maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) values were detected when compared to control adults, but they remained normal when compared to reference values without any reduction in arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2). Physical impairments were identified in long COVID adults. However, cardiorespiratory capacities were not impacted when compared to reference values. The underlying mechanisms of physical sequelae remains unknown. Further research is needed to explain these impairments and to provide appropriate health care and services.
The Impact of Internet Use on Patients’ Health-seeking Behavior and Health Expenditure: an Empirical Study Based on CFPS Data
Authors: Cui Nan , Ma Ping , Chen Xianghua , Sun Jianping , Cui Jing 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background: The issue of “limited access to healthcare services and high health expenditure” has consistently been a common phenomenon in Chinese society. Therefore, guiding residents to choose appropriate healthcare institutions and controlling the rapidly increasing health expenditures have become extremely challenges for the Chinese government. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of internet use on health-seeking behavior and health expenditure.
Methods: The data for this study were derived from the 2018 survey of China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), which included 18,233 valid samples.Logistic regression analysis and linear regression analysis were conducted to estimate the influence of internet use on health-seeking behavior and health expenditure.
Results: Participants who used the internet to access information were approximately 1.20 times (95% CI, 1.10-1.32; P<0.001) more likely to choose general/specialized hospitals compared to those who did not use the internet for information access. Internet use significantly contributed to reducing health expenditure (P<0.05)
Conclusions: Internet use exacerbated the likelihood of participants visiting to higher-level healthcare institutions for seeking health treatment, which will be detrimental to the implementation of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, internet use has played an important role in reducing health expenditure, which was in line with the government’s expectations. These findings of this study were valuable for informing government’ internet policies aimed at guiding patients in selecting appropriate healthcare institutions and reducing health expenditure.
The Motivations, Challenges, and Support of Road Safety Guard Volunteers: Uncovering the Driving Force
Authors: Shamoa-Nir Lipaz 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Road safety is a critical global issue that affects individuals, communities, and societies at large. With increased mobility, the risk of accidents and injuries on the road escalates, making it crucial to explore preventive measures and practices. By doing so, we can reduce injuries and save lives. Road safety volunteers, who play a vital role in promoting and ensuring road safety, serve as key actors in this endeavor. Understanding their motivations is essential for developing effective strategies and providing the necessary support to enhance their contributions. This study delves into the driving force behind their commitment and explores the various factors that shape their experiences as volunteers. Through content analysis of 23 interviews conducted with road safety volunteers, multifaceted motivations, a strong sense of purpose, community engagement, and empowerment emerged as prominent themes. Additionally, the challenges they face in their voluntary roles include hostility from drivers, the emotional toll of witnessing dangerous driving behavior, and the need for ongoing support and training to carry out their responsibilities effectively. These findings contribute to the understanding of the importance of promoting education on safe driving practices and fostering active citizen involvement in preventing traffic violations and road accidents.
Exploring the impact of short sleep on hypertension prevalence in the Chinese population: dose- response relationships, standardization, and health behaviors
Authors: TIAN Zheng , HE Jingchun , LI Yimiao , ZHANG Nan , lIU Yong , WU Yibo , WANG Lan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The concept of short sleep remains ambiguous, which is exacerbated by the presence of ethnic differences that contribute to variations in the correlation between short sleep and the risk of hypertension. Additionally, methodological constraints have led to abundant heterogeneous evidence concerning the link between short sleep and hypertension risk, compelling the need to further investigate the relationship between short sleep and hypertension risk in the Chinese population. This study investigate the impact of short sleep on hypertension prevalence in the Chinese population, analyze the dose-response relationship between sleep duration and the risk of hypertension, establish a standard concept of short sleep to balance the confounding factors between groups, and determine the true association between short sleep and the prevalence of hypertension.
Methods
Using the cross-sectional data from the Chinese Psychological and Behavioural Study of the Population (PBICR) 2020. Dose-response relationships between sleep duration and hypertension risk were assessed using restricted cubic spline models. A binary logistic regression model with propensity score matching was used to investigate the true association between short sleep duration and hypertension risk in the Chinese population. In addition, binary logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between >5 hours of sleep and hypertension risks and the effect of health behaviors on the risk of hypertension in short sleepers.
Results
The relationship between sleep duration and hypertension risk demonstrated a notable non-linear U-shaped pattern. Following propensity score matching, we observed that among those sleeping ≤5 hours/day, the risk of developing hypertension was reduced by 32% (OR=0.680) for each 1-hour increase in sleep duration. However, in the whole population sleeping >5 hours/day, sleep did not affect the risk of developing hypertension. In the population with ≤5 hours of sleep/day, smoking (OR=2.280) and working in a fixed position for a long period of time (OR=2.034) increased hypertension risk, and having at least one physical activity maintained for more than six months led to reduced hypertension risks (OR=0.363).
Conclusion
The threshold of 5-hour sleep represents a key turning point for hypertension in the investigated Chinese population and could be considered for defining short sleep. Additionally, cessation of smoking, vigilant posture alterations during work, and consistent adherence to exercise regimens can reduce the risk of hypertension in people with short sleep duration.
Testing the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in the transport sector for OECD countries: Evidence from a panel threshold model
Authors: ÇATIK Abdurrahman Nazif , İLHAN Ali , AKDENİZ Coşkun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

This study tests the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in the transport sector for 28 OECD countries from 1990 to 2019. The relationship between economic growth and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the transport sector is investigated using a dynamic panel threshold regression based on the GMM estimator while taking into account the effects of road petroleum products consumption, renewable energy consumption, and trade openness. The threshold regression results when gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is used as a transition variable support the nonlinearity of the relationship between CO2 emissions from the transportation sector and GDP by rejecting the null hypothesis of no threshold effect. This finding indicates the existence of two different regimes below and above the GDP per capita threshold, namely the low and high regimes. In the lower regime, economic growth damages the environment, whereas, it improves environmental quality above the threshold. The results indicate an inverted U-shaped relationship and support the EKC hypothesis in the OECD transportation sector. They also imply that economic growth is essential for reducing transport-related CO2 emissions because it is expensive to invest in eco-friendly technologies.
Microbial community structure of plant-based meat alternatives
Authors: Selberherr Evelyne , Roch Franz-Ferdinand , Dzieciol Monika , Quijada Narciso , Alteio Lauren , Mester Patrick 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

A reduction in animal-based diets has driven market demand for alternative meat products, currently raising
a new generation of plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs). It remains unclear whether these substitutes are
a short-lived trend or become established in the long term. Over the last few years, the trend of increasing
sales and diversifying product range has continued, but publication activities in this field are currently
limited mainly to market research and food technology topics. As their popularity increases, questions
emerge about the safety and nutritional risks of these novel products. Even though all the examined
products must be heated before consumption, consumers lack experience with this type of product and thus
further research into product safety, is desirable. To consider these issues, we examined 32 PBMAs from
Austrian supermarkets. Based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, the majority of the products were
dominated by lactic acid bacteria (either Leuconostoc or Latilactobacillus), and generally had low alpha
diversity. Pseudomonadota (like Pseudomonas and Shewanella) dominated the other part of the products.
In addition to LABs, a high diversity of different Bacillus, but also some Enterobacteriaceae and potentially
pathogenic species were isolated with the culturing approach. We assume that especially the dominance
of heterofermentative LABs has high relevance for the product stability and quality with the potential to
increase shelf life of the products. The number of isolated Enterobacteriaceae and potential pathogens were
low, but they still demonstrated that these products are suitable for their presence.
Patient reported outcomes following whole brain radiotherapy in patients with brain metastases
Authors: Adegboyega Bolanle , Joseph Adedayo , Alabi Adewumi , Omomila John , Ngema Lindokuhle M. , Ainsworth Victoria , Chin Jennifer , Evbuomwam Moses , Ngwa Wilfred 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Brain metastases (BM) are a common complication in advanced cancer patients, and extremely challenging to treat. Consequently, whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) remains the standard palliative intervention for patients with BM. The present study set to evaluate the clinical benefits of WBRT by assessing the quality of life (QoL) in WBRT-treated patients with BM, in Nigeria.
Methods
This was a prospective, longitudinal, hospital-based single-centre study. Consecutive sampling methodology was used to recruit 52 patients with BM undergoing WBRT. Patients were followed up on days 7, 30, 90 and 180 after WBRT. The EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL and EORTC QLQ-BN20 were employed to report patients’ responses. The likert scale responses were linearly converted into 0–100 scores, and the descriptive analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0, at 95% confidence interval, using the two-tailed t-test for continuous variables or the chi-square test for categorical values. The overall survival was calculated with the Kaplan Maier method and the difference tested with Log-rank method, considering the interval from the baseline until death or end of the study
Results
The study cohort was predominantly females (82.7%), and accordingly, 65.4% of the respondents had a breast primary tumor. A goodness-of-fit test yielded non-significant Chi square Pearson (p = 0.325) and Deviance (p = 1.000) residuals, indicating the best fit. The median overall survival was 180 days (~ 6 months). A total of 20 patients (38%) that survived up to 180 days reported alleviated symptoms and better functioning. A significant improvement in physical functioning (p < 0.001) and emotional functioning (p = 0.031) was reported at 180 days post WBRT, compared to baseline.
Conclusions
WBRT is an effective palliative intervention in patients with BM, resulting in improved QoL. More than 50% of patients that survived ~ 3 months reported alleviation of pain, and 38% of patients that survived for ~ 6 months reported a significantly improved functioning. This demonstrated the clinical benefits of WBRT in palliative care and will add to the body of data on the efficacy of WBRT from Africa.
Investigating the Prevalence of Mental Health Challenges among Students at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A Case Study for Depression, Anxiety and Stress
Authors: Rushahu Bernadetha Gabriel , Mukandala Gatambwa Dennis 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study aims to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM) students as mental health issues are becoming more prevalent with university students. The primary data was collected from 1932 University of Dar es Salaam students through a self-administered questionnaire consisting of Sociodemographic data together with Depression (PHQ-9), Anxiety (GAD-7) and Stress (PSS) instruments. Data was scored according to the scoring procedure for each scale and statistics through statistical package of social sciences (SPSS.25). The means for depression, Anxiety and Stress are 11.8, 9.6 and 19.8 respectively. The findings show that prevalences for depression, anxiety and stress among university students was found to be 81%, 74.7% and 81.0% respectively. The prevalence for depression ranges from none to minimal (18.1%), mild (27.2%), moderate (17.7%), moderately severe (16.7%) and severe (20.2%). Anxiety was minimal (25.1%), mild (27.3%), moderate (21.3%) and severe (26.1%). Stress was low (19.0%), moderate (62.9%) and high perceived (18.1%). It can be concluded that symptoms for depression and stress are more prevalent with students but students with anxiety exhibit high moderate and severe symptoms.
Effects of Speeds, Voltages, and Electrolytes on Localized Surfaces of Al 6061 Alloys Anodized Using a Direct Writing Pen
Authors: Obielodan John , III George Schwarzmann , Delwiche Maia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
For many applications, aluminum alloys require anodization to produce alumina film that protects the surfaces against corrosion and abrasive wear. This process is often carried out traditionally, by dipping the substrate into a suitable bath of electrolyte. A study on the effectiveness of a direct writing pen for localized anodization of aluminum 6061 surface is presented. The writing pen is designed for applications in which complete submersion of the substrate in an electrolyte is inconvenient or unnecessary. Three aqueous electrolyte solutions were used: 15% (v/v) sulfuric acid; 10% (v/v) sulfuric acid plus 5% (v/v) citric acid; and 5% (v/v) sulfuric acid plus 10% (v/v) citric acid. Voltage levels of 30, 40, and 50 volts were applied, while the writing traverse speeds were 0.1, 1, and 3 mm/s on different experimental samples. The anodic oxide films were characterized for surface morphology, thickness, micro-hardness, and ability to hold dyes through the nanopores. The results show that the lower the pen traverse speeds, the higher the thickness of the alumina films produced. The thicknesses obtained were highest at 21.5 μm for oxide films generated at 0.1 mm/s traverse speed at 50V using sulfuric acid. However, the hardest surfaces were obtained for samples processed at 50V with two-pass anodization and 1 mm/s, yielding 596 Hv and softest for films with single pass anodization obtained at the 3 mm/s pen traverse speed with 40V. The direct write anodizing pen was found to demonstrate effectiveness for localized surface anodization that would be cost-effective in niche applications.