bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges for medical students in applying ethical principles to allocate life-saving medical devices during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hsieh Hsing-yen , Huang Ru-yi , Lin Chyi-her , Lin Guan-chun , Lin Jhen-Yu , Aldana Clydie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked a widespread ethical dilemma of distributing scarce life-saving medical devices to critically ill patients and created a huge opportunity for virtual learning for medical students to exercise the principles of medical ethics.
Methods: We arranged for medical students to interact with virtual patients with respiratory failure and asked them to apply ethical principles to justify their prioritization of who should receive life-saving facilities. We analyzed the reports and investigated the ethical principles chosen and the factors that may play important roles in making critical medical decisions.
Results: A total of 67 medical students were recruited. Overall, 73% of them made decisions based on principles of justice. However, 66% of the participants applied multiple ethical principles to justify their clinical decisions. While facing conflicting choices regarding different ethical principles, 48% used the principle of justice to justify their final decisions. However, they had diverse interpretations of the principle of justice. Most students requested additional medical knowledge, laws, or guidelines from institutions to help them make decisions, and 43% of them were able to proposed a strategy to address this ethical dilemma.
Conclusions: Justice is the first priority for medical students while allocating medical facilities to critically ill patients. Clear guidelines may help them make ethical decisions when facing this dilemma.
Fluorescence lifetime imaging of lipid heterogeneity in the inner mitochondrial membrane
Authors: Taki Masayasu , Wang Junwei , Yamaguchi Shigehiro 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) undergoes dynamic morphological changes that are crucial for the maintenance of mitochondrial functions as well as cell survival. As the dynamics of the membrane are governed by its lipid components, a fluorescent probe that can sense spatiotemporal alterations in the lipid properties of the IMM over long periods of time is required to understand mitochondrial physiological functions in detail. Herein, we report a red-emissive IMM-labeling reagent with excellent photostability and sensitivity to its environment, which enables the visualization of the IMM ultrastructure using super-resolution microscopy as well as of the lipid heterogeneity based on the fluorescence lifetime at the single mitochondrion level. Combining the probe and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) showed that peroxidation of unsaturated lipids in the IMM by reactive oxygen species caused an increase in the membrane order, which took place prior to mitochondrial swelling.
Circular RNA circBNC2 facilitates glycolysis and stemness of hepatocellular carcinoma through the miR-217/high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) axis Running title: CircBNC2/miR-217/HMGA2 axis in HCC
Authors: Feng Yan , Xia ShuFeng , Hui Junlan , Xu Yan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) constitutes approximately 90% of primary liver carcinoma and is a major health threaten worldwide. CircBNC2 has been implicated in the progression of several cancers. However, its roles in carcinogenesis and glycolysis in HCC are still unclear. In this study, CircBNC2 and high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) were highly expressed while miR-217 was poorly expressed in HCC tissues and cells. CircBNC2 upregulation was related to poor prognosis and TNM staging. CircBNC2 knockdown inhibited HCC progression. Moreover, CircBNC2 knockdown suppressed the levels of PCNA, HK2, and OCT4. Notably, circBNC2 functioned as a molecular sponge of miR-217 to up-regulate HMGA2 expression. The inhibitory effects of circBNC2 silence on the growth and stemness of HCC cells, and levels of PCNA, HK2 and OCT4 were aggravated by miR-217 overexpression, but neutralized by HMGA2 overexpression. Besides, Furthermore, circBNC2 silence blocked tumor growth through upregulating miR-217 and downregulating HMGA2, PCNA2, HK2 and OCT4 in vivo. Thus, the current data confirmed that CircBNC2 sponged miR-217 to up-regulate HMGA2 level, thereby contributing to HCC glycolysis and progression. These findings may present novel insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of HCC.
DDX5 inhibits hyaline cartilage fibrosis and degradation in osteoarthritis via alternative splicing and G-quadruplex unwinding
Authors: Sun Yang , Liu Qianqian , Han Mingrui , Wu Zhigui , Fu Wenqiang , Ji Jun , Liang Qingqing , Tan Minjia , Zhai Linhui , Gao Jian , Shi Dongquan , Jiang Qing , Sun Ziying , Lai Yuping , Xu Qiang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Hyaline cartilage fibrosis is one of the important reasons for the poor prognosis of advanced osteoarthritis (OA), and is the main factor leading to joint stiffness and deformity. However, the mechanism of hyaline cartilage fibrosis remains largely unclear. Here we found that DDX5, one of the most important members of the DEAD-box RNA helicase family, was dramatically downregulated in the degenerated articular cartilage of aged mice, destabilization of the medial meniscus murine model as well as patients with OA. Chondrocyte-specific deletion of Ddx5 led to much severe and early OA lesions in murine model. In vitro and in vivo experimental findings showed that DDX5 deficiency increased the hyaline cartilage fibrosis phenotype by upregulating collagen type I (COL1) expression and downregulating collagen type II (COL2) expression. In addition, loss of DDX5 aggravated cartilage degradation through inducing the production of cartilage-degrading enzymes. Mechanistically, on one hand, DDX5 was enriched at the Col2 promoter, was extremely proficient at unfolding Col2 promoter G4-DNA and activated Col2 transcription, which explains why DDX5 deficiency directly leads to a decrease in Col2 transcription. On the other hand, DDX5-induced exon 25 skipping of Fn1-AS and exon 14 skipping of Plod2-AS produced two alternative splicing transcripts, but the weaken DDX5 resulted in abundance of the Fn1-AS-WT and Plod2-AS-WT variants, which promotes transcription of fibrosis-related genes (Col1, Acta2, etc) and extracellular matrix degradation genes (Mmp13, Nos2, etc), respectively. Our data suggest that strategies aimed at upregulation of DDX5 will be of great value for the treatment of cartilage fibrosis and damage in OA.
Risk factors for visual acuity after idiopathic macular hole surgery
Authors: Li Xiaoxia , Zhang Luyi , Shen Yu , Liu Hui , Wu Miaoqin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background To investigate the postoperative visual acuity of idiopathic macular hole (IMH) with 23G vitrectomy and its associated factors.Methods 71 patients (75 eyes) were included in this retrospective study, we assessed the different risk factors that might be associated with visual acuity after IMH surgery which were treated in our department between April 2015 and July 2021. The patients comprised 16 males (16 eyes) and 55 females (59 eyes) with mean age 61.9 ± 9.0 years. Data on sex, age, eyes, macular hole (MH) duration, visual acuity (VA), minimum linear diameter (MLD), base diameter (BD), external limiting embrane (ELM), ellipsoid zone (EZ), axial length (AL), surgical methods, tamponade, nerve growth factor (NGF) and posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) were collected. Logistics regression analysis of risk factors associated with visual acuity after IMH surgery.Results Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative VA and MH duration were significant risk factors for VA after IMH surgery (all p < 0.05). The overall closure rate was 100%. There was statistically significant difference in the VA between preoperation and postoperation using paired t-test (p = 0.000). The mean best corrected VA increased from 0.99 ± 0.38 logMAR before surgery to 0.64 ± 0.32 logMAR. Moreover, the VA after surgery of the coverage group was greater than the insertion group. The postoperation VA of MH duration ≤ 3 months group was better than the VA of MH duration > 6 months (p = 0.003).Conclusions Ophthalmologists should be aware of the preoperatice VA and MH duration are the risk factors of VA after IMH surgery. Early surgery is necessary for IMH according to surgical indication. Poor VA and the long MH duration before surgery will influence the IMH prognosis.
Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Nursing Intervention on Compliance and Glycemic Control Among Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mani Kavitha , Subramaniam Aruna , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Victor Virginia M. , Daniel Esther S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background: The concept of becoming healthy as a promotive model or maintaining an individual's health with any NCDs, particularly with a diabetic condition, adhering to the treatment strategies as a preventive model to avoid complications, is mainly in the hands of everyone. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the cognitive behavioral nursing intervention on compliance to the advice of the health care providers and glycemic control among patients with type II diabetes mellitus.
Methods: A quantitative and true-experimental research design was used to assess the effectiveness of the cognitive behavioral nursing intervention. The study population consisted of patients with type-II diabetes mellitus. First, the villages were chosen using a simple random sampling method, and then the sample size of 208 patients was selected using the inclusion criteria from those villages. The experimental group (n1) consisted of 105 samples, and the control group (n2) =103. The data was collected using the compliance scale and analyzing the patient's fasting blood sugar, postprandial and HbA1c at 0, 3rd and 6th months of intervention from the respective samples at their residences by structured interview technique.
Results: The study findings indicated that there is a significant improvement in compliance (p<0.05) and glycemic control (p<0.001) among patients with experimental group after cognitive behavioral nursing intervention. There was a significant difference in compliance and glycemic control among patients in the experimental group during the posttests compared with the pretest (p<0.05). Comparison of glycemic variables between experimental and control group, during post-test-I and II shows that the fasting blood sugar was statistically significant at p<0. 001.Compliance and FBS had negative weak correlation in posttest I (r= -0.337, p=0.028) in the experimental group.
Conclusion: The results highlighted that cognitive behavioral nursing intervention effectively improves compliance and glycemic control among patients with Diabetes mellitus living in the villages.
Pharmacophore Variants of the Macrocyclic Peptide Triazole Inactivator of HIV-1 Env
Authors: Gupta Monisha , Canziani Gabriela , Ang Charles Gotuaco , Mohammadi Mohammadjavad , Abrams Cameron F. , Yang Derek , Smith III Amos B. , Chaiken Irwin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Previously we established a family of macrocyclic peptide triazoles (cPTs) that inactivate the Env protein complex of HIV-1, and identified the pharmacophore that engages Env’s receptor binding pocket. Here, we examined the hypothesis that the side chains of both components of the triazole Pro - Trp segment of cPT pharmacophore work in tandem to make intimate contacts with two proximal subsites of the overall CD4 binding site of gp120 to stabilize binding and function. Variations of the triazole Pro R group, which previously had been significantly optimized, led to identification of a variant MG-II-20 that contains a pyrazole substitution. MG-II-20 has improved functional properties over previously examined variants, with Kd for gp120 in the nM range. In contrast, new variants of the Trp indole side chain, with either methyl- or bromo- components appended, had disruptive effects on gp120 binding, reflecting the sensitivity of function to changes in this component of the encounter complex. Plausible in silico models of cPT:gp120 complex structures were obtained that are consistent with the overall hypothesisof occupancy by the triazole Pro and Trp side chains, respectively, into the β20/21 and Phe43 sub-cavities. The overall results strengthen the definition of the cPT-Env inactivator binding site and provide a new lead composition (MG-II-20) as well as structure-function findings to guide future HIV-1 Env inactivator design.
Neuromuscular and occlusion analysis to evaluate the efficacy of three splints on patients with bruxism
Authors: Lei Qun , Lin Dong , Liu Yuyu , Lin Kaijin , Huang Wenxiu , Wu Dong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
[Objective] Occlusal splints are always applied on individuals with bruxism to reduce tooth wearand relieve orofacial symptoms such as myofascial pain. The stomatognathic system ismainly composed of tooth, occlusion, masticatory muscles, and temporomandibular joint. The occlusion and masticatory muscles function are regarded as the important parameters for evaluating the stomatognathic system state objectively. However, the effects of occlusal splints on individuals with bruxism is rarely elucidated from accurate neuromuscular analysis and occlusion evaluation. The aim of the present study was to estimate the effects of three different splints (two clinically common full coverage occlusal splint and an modified anterior splint) on subjects with bruxism using K7-J5 neuromuscular analysis system and Dental Prescale II (DP2) to evaluate occlusion.
[Methods] Sixteen subjects claimed to be suffering from nocturnal bruxism,with complete dentition and stable occlusal relationship, were selected for study.The intermaxillary space and the baselines of EMG-activity of the anterior temporalis and masseter were recorded for all the subjects. The participants was treated with three different splints, and outcomes were estimated by comfort index, occlusion and surface electromyography of anterior temporalis and masseter.
[Results] At teeth clenched position, EMG data were significantly lower in the participants with use of modified anterior splint than with hard, soft occlusal splint or without splint (p < 0.05). The maximum bite force and bite area occur in subjects without use of splint , while the minimal occur in subjects with use of modified anterior splint. Intermaxillary spaceincreased and masticatory muscles presented significant reduction of EMG data at rest position as a result of J5 (p < 0.05).
[Conclusion] Modified anterior splint seems to be more comfortable and effective in reducing occlusion force andelectromyographic activity of anterior temporalis and masseter for subjects with bruxism.
Improved phyllosphere microbiome composition of tea plant with the application of small peptides in combination with rhamnolipid
Authors: Chen Hao , Song Yujie , Wang Shuangshuang , Kai Fan , Wang Hui , Mao Yilin , Zhang Jie , Xu Yang , Yin Xinyue , Wang Yu , Ding Zhaotang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Small peptides play a crucial role in plant growth and adaptation to the environment. Exogenous small peptides are often applied together with surfactants as foliar fertilizers, but the impact of small peptides and surfactants on the tea phyllosphere microbiome remains unknown.
Results: In this study, we investigated the effects of small peptides and different surfactants on the tea phyllosphere microbiome using 16s and ITS sequencing. Our results showed that the use of small peptides reduced the bacterial diversity of the tea phyllosphere microbiome and increased the fungal diversity, while the use of surfactants had a suppressive effect on both bacterial and fungal diversity. Furthermore, the addition of rhamnolipid to small peptides significantly improved the tea phyllosphere microbiome community structure, making beneficial microorganisms such as Pseudomonas, Chryseobacterium, Meyerozyma, and Vishniacozyma dominant populations.
Conclusion: Our study suggests that the combined use of small peptides and surfactants can significantly modify the tea phyllosphere microbiome community structure, particularly for beneficial microorganisms closely related to tea plant health. Thus, this study provides a reference for the application of small peptides and surfactants in agricultural production, which can be used to regulate the phyllosphere microbiome community in tea plant management.
Complete genome sequence of Aeromonas phage GomatiRiver_11, a novel T4-like bacteriophage that infects Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Sahoo Lopamudra , Parhi Janmejay , Tripathy Partha Sarathi , Kallappa Girisha Shivani , S Nithin M , Debnath Chandan , Singha Abhijit , Datta Joydeep 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia (MAS) is the most common bacterial fish illness. This is a opportunistic microorganisms that produce hemorrhagic septicaemia and ulcerative diseases in a wide range of aquatic and terrestrial animals, including humans. Antibiotics have been used as a most prevalent control option for MAS in both hatcheries and farms, despite the fact that it not only kill target bacteria but might harm host’s natural habitat and water quality parameters. So urge of using phage therapy among researchers is now increasing. Phages or bacteriophages are viruses that infect and replicate within bacteria and help to decline bacterial growth. In the present study Aeromonas phage GomatiRiver_11 phage has been isolated for the first time from various water bodies of Tripura, India. The whole genome sequence of the phage was found to be 10,390 bp with a total of 9 ORFs. The phylogenetic analysis of the species revealed that this phage is closely related to Aeromonas phage Asfd_1 (MK577502.1). Moreover, the electron microscopy analysis revealed Podoviridae characteristics of characterized phage genome. This new phage genome and its analysis will be essential for phage therapy against MAS affected fish species of Northeast India and associated water bodies.
Comparative analysis of molecular weight determination techniques for cellulose oligomers
Authors: Li Wei , Ogawa Yu , Mortha Gérard , Otsuka Issei , Nishiyama Yoshiharu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Accurate determination of molecular weight is crucial for understanding the chemical and physical properties of cellulose. However, traditional methods for analyzing high-molecular-weight cellulose are often unsuitable for cellulose oligomers. In this study, we emphasize how the molecular weight distribution affect the accuracy of four characterization methods, including liquid and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectroscopy (MALDI MS) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). These techniques were compared on two typical cellulose oligomers with diverse molecular weight and properties. None of the techniques investigated could accurately characterize the molecular weight of cellulose oligomers with a broad molecular weight distribution. Liquid-state NMR was reliable method to determine the number-average molecular weight but do not give molecular weight distribution. MALDI MS was more sensitive to the low molecular weight portion, whereas SEC was a preferred technique for cellulose oligomers with relatively higher molecular weight. For solution-based characterization techniques, carbanilation was the prefered derivatization method over nitration due to its higher scattering power or increase of molar mass. MALDI MS revealed cellulose molecules had dissimilar degree of substitution through the same carbanilation reaction, which may explain errors in molecular weight determination by SEC. Overall, our study highlights the importance of considering molecular weight distribution when characterizing cellulose oligomers and demonstrates the strengths and limitations of different techniques for this purpose.
Theoretical study of the competition between folding and contact interactions on the properties of polymers using self-avoid random walk algorithm
Authors: Neto Rosenvaldo José Santos , Costa Ariadne Andrade , Gomes Paulo Freitas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The self-avoid random walk algorithm has been extensively used in the study of polymers. In this work we study the basic properties of the trajectories generated with this algorithm when two interactions are added to it: contact and folding interaction. These interactions represent the internal forces of the polymer as well as the effect of the solvent. When independently added to the algorithm, the contact interaction creates the compact phase while the folding one creates the extended phase. These are the consequences of the typical event of each interaction. On the other hand, when this typical event is avoided there is no established phase on the system. When simultaneously added, there is a competition between the interactions and the folding one is dominant over the contact one. The resulting phase is always the extended one with and without the contact interaction.
Breaking down barriers: Overcoming bottlenecks in the health- care system for newborns with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Badran Eman F , Rawajbeh Ahmad , Alhaj Waseem , Elqunj Abdallah , Askar Mohammad , Jammal Maryam Al , AL-Qhaiwi Ala’a , Qawasmeh Rafeef , Alhalaki Majd 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the practices of neonatologists and pediatricians for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in Jordan to identify gaps in diagnosis, management, and follow-up of HIE, including the availability of long-term follow-up services. This is an important clinical issue to address as HIE is the fourth leading cause of infant mortality in Jordan.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including 15 neonatologists and 42 pediatricians treating neonates with HIE in Jordan. Data were collected using a custom-designed, self-report questionnaire, consisting of 35 items across four dimensions: participant demographics; indicators used for HIE diagnosis; criteria used to determine HIE severity and HIE management strategy, including therapeutic hypothermia practice; and availability of long-term services for HIE follow-up. Items were answered on a 5-point Likert scale, with anchors measuring the extent to which practices were used: 1, never; 2, seldom; 3, sometimes; 4, frequent; and 5, always.
Results: The Apgar score was used by 70% of participants to evaluate neonates’ status at birth and the SARNAT staging score to determine the severity of HIE. Management strategy included the transfer of neonates to intensive care (30%), initiation of therapeutic hypothermia within 6 h post-natal (70%), and continuation of hypothermia for the full recommended 72 h (63.2%). Timely access to brain imaging was not available to all participants. Technology to assess brain activity was insufficient.
Conclusion: The development of a bundle for HIE practices would be recommended in Jordan to improve the quality of care for neonates with HIE.
Transdermal and moisturizing effects of novel supramolecular hyaluronic acid
Authors: Wang Haimiao , Jin Zhongxia , Xia Lu , Wang Lei , Sheng Xiyin , Wang Shaocheng , Xu Tongxun , He Peng , Li Chen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an important macromolecular polymer widely existing in skin, which can lock water molecules in the skin.Due to the barrier effect of skin stratum corneum, high molecular weight HA can not enter the deep skin, while low molecular weight HA has ability limited to maintian water.Nowadays, HA injection is widely used as a supplement method, which brings many disadvantages due to its invasiveness.Therefore, in this study, the ionic liquid induction technology was used to transform the macromolecular HA into the supermolecular state. Through in vitro transdermal experiment and human skin moisturizing experiment, it was proved that the supermolecular state HA has better transdermal and skin moisturizing ability, which provide a new potential method for non-invasive exogenous supplementation of HA.