bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rights way forward: reconciling the right to food with biodiversity conservation
Authors: Vasquez Winy , Sunderland Terry 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe current paradigm of biodiversity conservation, with its continued focus on the notion of pristine nature, has resulted in the separation of humans and nature at the expense of both biological and cultural–linguistic diversity. The continued annexation of land for the cause of conservation has resulted in the curtailment of both rights and access to local and diverse food sources for many rural communities. Indigenous Peoples and local communities are fundamental to conserving biodiversity through sustainable use of nature despite repeated attempts to dispossess them from their lands, cultures and knowledge. It has been this traditional and land-based knowledge that has contributed to the conservation of biodiversity whilst also supporting healthy, diverse and nutritious diets. If we are to achieve a more just and sustainable future, we need to continue to centre conservation initiatives around rights, access and equity whilst respecting a plurality of perspectives, worldviews and knowledge systems. Here we review alternative approaches that help reconcile the right to food with biodiversity conservation, such as biocultural rights, rights-based approaches and integrated land management schemes, with the aim of identifying optimal ways forward for conservation that break away from the dichotomous view that pits people against nature and instead embrace the importance of this symbiotic relationship.
A practical risk calculator for suicidal behavior among transitioning U.S. Army soldiers: results from the Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers-Longitudinal Study (STARRS-LS)
Authors: Kearns Jaclyn C. , Edwards Emily R. , Finley Erin P. , Geraci Joseph C. , Gildea Sarah M. , Goodman Marianne , Hwang Irving , Kennedy Chris J. , King Andrew J. , Luedtke Alex , Marx Brian P. , Petukhova Maria V. , Sampson Nancy A. , Seim Richard W. , Stanley Ian H. , Stein Murray B. , Ursano Robert J. , Kessler Ronald C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundRisk of suicide-related behaviors is elevated among military personnel transitioning to civilian life. An earlier report showed that high-risk U.S. Army soldiers could be identified shortly before this transition with a machine learning model that included predictors from administrative systems, self-report surveys, and geospatial data. Based on this result, a Veterans Affairs and Army initiative was launched to evaluate a suicide-prevention intervention for high-risk transitioning soldiers. To make targeting practical, though, a streamlined model and risk calculator were needed that used only a short series of self-report survey questions.MethodsWe revised the original model in a sample of n = 8335 observations from the Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers-Longitudinal Study (STARRS-LS) who participated in one of three Army STARRS 2011–2014 baseline surveys while in service and in one or more subsequent panel surveys (LS1: 2016–2018, LS2: 2018–2019) after leaving service. We trained ensemble machine learning models with constrained numbers of item-level survey predictors in a 70% training sample. The outcome was self-reported post-transition suicide attempts (SA). The models were validated in the 30% test sample.ResultsTwelve-month post-transition SA prevalence was 1.0% (s.e. = 0.1). The best constrained model, with only 17 predictors, had a test sample ROC-AUC of 0.85 (s.e. = 0.03). The 10–30% of respondents with the highest predicted risk included 44.9–92.5% of 12-month SAs.ConclusionsAn accurate SA risk calculator based on a short self-report survey can target transitioning soldiers shortly before leaving service for intervention to prevent post-transition SA.
The intervention effect of ideological education means of college staff on improving mania of college students
Authors: Xiao Jian 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundMania is one of the common diseases in psychiatric department. With the accelerating pace of life, people are facing more and more pressure. Mental disorders and mentally ill patients are also increasing, especially in the student group. Patients with mania may have clinical symptoms such as self-talk and exaggerated actions, and depression. Seriou’s mania has a great impact on students’ life and mental state. In schools, teachers are more required to carry out correct ideological education and psychological counseling for students. Therefore, the research is conducted from the ideological education of college teachers and staff to improve students or treat students’ mania symptoms.Subjects and Methods108 manic patients were selected from 3 colleges and universities to participate in the designed manic intervention experiment. In the experiment, the subjects were divided into experimental group and control group. The control group was treated with routine relaxation training; The experimental group was treated with ideological education and regular relaxation training. The results were reflected by the Bech Rafaelsdn Mania Rating Scale (BRMS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and Depression Scale.ResultsTable 1 shows the results of manic scale scores in the intervention experiment. In Table 1, the BRMS score of the control group decreased from 25.46 before the experiment to 18.25, with a decrease of 7.21 points; The BRMS score of the experimental group decreased from 24.53 before the experiment to 12.15, a decrease of 12.38 points.Table 1.RBMS score results of intervention experimentGroup CategoryBRMSBefore experimentThe first monthThe second monthThe third monthControl group25.46±1.0723.57±1.6720.47±1.6318.25±2.07Experimental group24.53±1.3820.14±2.1116.86±2.3312.15±1.48ConclusionsThrough the ideological education of college teachers and staff, the research conducted intervention treatment on students’ mania, and compared the decline trend of the scores of the two groups. The decline trend of the experimental group was more obvious. The method adopted by the experimental group was more effective in the treatment of students’ mania. It shows that the ideological education of teaching staff plays an important role in the mental health of students. Colleges and universities should give full play to the role of ideological education to ensure the mental health of students.AcknowledgementThe research is supported by: Research Project on Undergraduate Teaching Reform of Liaoning Ordinary Undergraduate Higher Education, 2022 “Research on the Reform of the Open and Shared Management Mode of Multidisciplinary Laboratories in the National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Fashion Design and Engineering” No. LNJXGG2022-371.
Non-Gaussian score-driven conditionally heteroskedastic models with a macroeconomic application
Authors: Blazsek Szabolcs , Escribano Álvaro , Licht Adrián 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe contribute to the literature on empirical macroeconomic models with time-varying conditional moments, by introducing a heteroskedastic score-driven model with Student’st-distributed innovations, named the heteroskedastic score-driven$t$-QVAR (quasi-vector autoregressive) model. The$t$-QVAR model is a robust nonlinear extension of the VARMA (VAR moving average) model. As an illustration, we apply the heteroskedastic$t$-QVAR model to a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model, for which we estimate Gaussian-ABCD and$t$-ABCD representations. We use data on economic output, inflation, interest rate, government spending, aggregate productivity, and consumption of the USA for the period of 1954 Q3 to 2022 Q1. Due to the robustness of the heteroskedastic$t$-QVAR model, even including the period of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, we find a superior statistical performance, lower policy-relevant dynamic effects, and a higher estimation precision of the impulse response function for US gross domestic product growth and US inflation rate, for the heteroskedastic score-driven$t$-ABCD representation rather than for the homoskedastic Gaussian-ABCD representation.
Language proficiency predictors of code-switching behavior in dual-language-learning children
Authors: Schächinger Tenés L. T. , Weiner-Bühler J. C. , Volpin L. , Grob A. , Skoruppa K. , Segerer R. K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCode-switching, switching between different languages within the same conversation, is a prominent feature in bilingual communication. This study aimed to elucidate to what extent the linguistic abilities and age of dual-language-learning preschoolers influence the frequency and purposes of code-switching (compensatory, to bridge linguistic gaps; preferential, to express content as fluently as possible; pragmatic, to phrase something appropriately for the situation). Parental code-switching ratings of 101 German/French–Turkish/Italian dual-language learners aged 32–78 months were analyzed. Generalized linear mixed models revealed positive but no negative effects of societal- and heritage-language skills on children's code-switching frequencies independent of switching purposes and with no evidence of age effects. Hence, code-switching across the preschool age mainly reflects high linguistic competences. Models with linguistically and psychometrically parallelized language scores indicated a strong switching tendency toward the societal language when proficiency in both languages is high, and away from the societal language when language proficiencies are low.
Estimation of the extent of phenotypic diversity among cashew (Anacardium occidentaleL.) genotypes based on agro-morphological and physicochemical traits
Authors: Matos-Filho Carlos Humberto Aires , de Carvalho-Junior José Eduardo Vasconcelos , Costa Gérson do Nascimento , Costa Marcones Ferreira , Nunes José Airton Rodrigues , Lopes Ângela Celis de Almeida , Ferreira-Gomes Regina Lucia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is cultivated in more than 30 countries because of its economic and nutritional importance. Despite having a significant agronomic role, little is known about the genetic and phenotypic diversity of cashew populations in Brazil. Thus, we aimed to characterize and estimate the diversity among cashew genotypes based on agro-morphological and physicochemical traits, with an objective of selection of varieties for breeding programmes. Forty-three cashew trees were evaluated based on 13 morphological traits and three physicochemical traits. A wide range of variations was recorded for the phenotypic characteristics, including total weight, fruit weight, pseudofruit length, kernel weight and total acidity, suggesting the existence of considerable variations for potential use in breeding programmes. Principal component analysis explained 79.74% of the total variation in the first two principal axes. The dendrogram based on the UPGMA method classified the 43 genotypes into six groups. Groups IV and VI were the most dissimilar, with emphasis on the genotypes 28 and 43, which were observed to be most divergent based on the Euclidean distance matrix (3.054). This makes it possible to select genotypes for hybridization with F1generation gains. Based on cluster analysis and comparison of means among the six groups, promising genotypes were identified with superior traits, such as fruit weight, pseudofruit length, kernel weight and total acidity. This suggests the importance of phenotypic characterization for cashew breeding programmes. In addition, the observed vast diversity is an important genetic basis for improving cashew yield in northeastern Brazil.
Corruption and Political Support: The Case of Peru’s Vacuna-gate Scandal
Authors: Castorena Oscar , Lupu Noam , Wolsky Adam D. , Zechmeister Elizabeth J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClassic theories of public opinion suggest that negative shocks can undermine system support in weak democracies, but scant work has systematically assessed this thesis. We identify Peru’s explosive Vacuna-gate scandal as a most-likely case for finding a connection between corruption and political support. The scandal’s unexpected revelation in the middle of the 2021 AmericasBarometer Peru survey created conditions for a natural experiment. Applying an unexpected-event-during-survey design, we consider the consequences of the scandal for perceptions of corruption, system support, and support for democracy. We find robust evidence that the scandal increased even already high perceptions of corruption and lowered system support. Contrary to expectations derived from prior theories, we find no effect on explicit support for democracy. In the conclusion, we discuss the nuanced ways that scandal may shape democratic stability.
High‐Frequency 3D LiDAR Measurements of a Debris Flow: A Novel Method to Investigate the Dynamics of Full‐Scale Events in the Field
Authors: Aaron Jordan , Spielmann Raffaele , McArdell Brian W. , Graf Christoph 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSurging debris flows are among the most destructive natural hazards, and elucidating the interaction between coarse‐grained fronts and the trailing liquefied slurry is key to understanding these flows. Here, we describe the application of high‐resolution and high‐frequency 3D LiDAR data to explore the dynamics of a debris flow at Illgraben, Switzerland. The LiDAR measurements facilitate automated detection of features on the flow surface, and construction of the 3D flow depth and velocity fields through time. Measured surface velocities (2–3 m s−1) are faster than front velocities (0.8–2 m s−1), illustrating the mechanism whereby the flow front is maintained along the channel. Further, we interpret the relative velocity of different particles to infer that the vertical velocity profile varies between plug flow and one that features internal shear. Our measurements provide unique insights into debris‐flow motion, and provide the foundation for a more detailed understanding of these hazardous events.
Decompression and Fracturing Caused by Magmatically Induced Thermal Stresses
Authors: Kiss D. , Moulas E. , Kaus B. J. P. , Spang A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStudies of host rock deformation around magmatic intrusions usually focus on the development of stresses directly related to the intrusion process. This is done either by considering an inflating region that represents the intruding body, or by considering multiphase deformation. Thermal processes, especially volume changes caused by thermal expansion are typically ignored. We show that thermal stresses around upper crustal magma bodies are likely to be significant and sufficient to create an extensive fracture network around the magma body by brittle yielding. At the same time, cooling induces decompression within the intrusion, which can promote the appearance of a volatile phase. Volatile phases and the development of a fracture network around the inclusion may thus be the processes that control magmatic‐hydrothermal alteration around intrusions. This suggests that thermal stresses likely play an important role in the development of magmatic systems. To quantify the magnitude of thermal stresses around cooling intrusions, we present a fully compressible 2D visco‐elasto‐plastic thermo‐mechanical numerical model. We utilize a finite difference staggered grid discretization and a graphics processing unit based pseudo‐transient solver. First, we present purely thermo‐elastic solutions, then we include the effects of viscous relaxation and plastic yielding. The dominant deformation mechanism in our models is determined in a self‐consistent manner, by taking into account stress, pressure, and temperature conditions. Using experimentally determined flow laws, the resulting thermal stresses can be comparable to or even exceed the confining pressure. This suggests that thermal stresses alone could result in the development of a fracture network around magmatic bodies.
The EUV Reflectance of Mercury's Surface Measured by BepiColombo/PHEBUS
Authors: Chaufray J.‐Y. , Quémerais E. , Koutroumpa D. , Robidel R. , Leblanc F. , Réberac A. , Yoshikawa I. , Yoshioka K. , Murakami G. , Korablev O. , Belyaev D. , Pelizzo M. G. , Corso A. J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOn 9 and 10 October 2021, Probing the Hermean Exosphere by Ultraviolet Spectroscopy aboard BepiColombo observed the disk‐integrated reflected light from the Sun by Mercury in the spectral range 90–160 nm at a phase angle of 70°. These observations are used to derive the EUV reflectance of the surface of Mercury in this wavelength range for the first time since the Mariner 10 observations in 1974–1975. Our observations are in agreement with a surface of Mercury darker by a factor ∼0.5–0.6 compared to the Moon in this wavelength range, with an average reflectance of 0.3% at a phase angle of 70°. This lower reflectance of Mercury could be due to the lower abundance of FeO. The derived reflectance near 160 nm is close to the derived reflectance at 220 nm by MESSENGER/MASCS at a similar phase angle. Possible spectral variations measured between 110 and 140 nm could be attributed to SiO2 glass, but the signal to noise ratio is low and other observations, possible at several periods during the rest of the cruise, are needed to confirm this last result.
Challenges in Hydrologic‐Land Surface Modeling of Permafrost Signatures—A Canadian Perspective
Authors: Abdelhamed Mohamed S. , Elshamy Mohamed E. , Razavi Saman , Wheater Howard S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPermafrost thaw/degradation in the Northern Hemisphere due to global warming is projected to accelerate in coming decades. Assessment of this trend requires improved understanding of the evolution and dynamics of permafrost areas. Land surface models (LSMs) are well‐suited for this due to their physical basis and large‐scale applicability. However, LSM application is challenging because (a) LSMs demand extensive and accurate meteorological forcing data, which are not readily available for historic conditions and only available with significant biases for future climate, (b) LSMs possess a large number of model parameters, and (c) observations of thermal/hydraulic regimes to constrain those parameters are severely limited. This study addresses these challenges by applying the MESH‐CLASS modeling framework (Modélisation Environmenntale communautaire—Surface et Hydrology embedding the Canadian Land Surface Scheme) to three regions within the Mackenzie River Basin, Canada, under various meteorological forcing data sets, using the variogram analysis of response surfaces framework for sensitivity analysis and threshold‐based identifiability analysis. The study shows that the modeler may face complex trade‐offs when choosing a forcing data set; for current and future scenarios, forcing data require multi‐variate bias correction, and some data sets enable the representation of some aspects of permafrost dynamics, but are inadequate for others. The results identify the most influential model parameters and show that permafrost simulation is most sensitive to parameters controlling surface insulation and runoff generation. But the identifiability analysis reveals that many of the most influential parameters are unidentifiable. These conclusions can inform future efforts for data collection and model parameterization.
Deep Conditional Generative Adversarial Network Combined With Data‐Space Inversion for Estimation of High‐Dimensional Uncertain Geological Parameters
Authors: Fu Wenhao , Zhang Kai , Ma Xiaopeng , Liu Piyang , Zhang Liming , Yan Xia , Yang Yongfei , Sun Hai , Yao Jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInverse modeling can provide a reliable geological model for subsurface flow numerical simulation, which is a challenging issue that requires calibration of the uncertain parameters of the geological model to establish an acceptable match between simulation data and observation data. The general inverse modeling method needs to iteratively adjust the uncertain parameters, which is a difficult and time‐consuming high‐dimensional sampling problem. To address this problem, we propose a deep‐learning‐based inverse modeling method called pix2pixGAN‐DSI. In this method, the deep‐learning‐based image‐to‐image generative adversarial network (pix2pixGAN) is constructed to directly predict the posterior parameter fields from the posterior dynamic responses obtained by the data‐space inversion (DSI) method. This inverse modeling method does not need to iteratively adjust the uncertain parameters, which improves computational efficiency. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through a Gaussian model case and two non‐Gaussian channelized model cases. Through the analysis of posterior realizations, matching and forecast of production data, and uncertainty quantification, the results show that the proposed method can obtain reasonable estimates without iteration and parameterization.
Changes in neural responses during affective and non-affective tasks and improvement of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms following trauma-focused psychotherapy
Authors: Korgaonkar Mayuresh S. , Felmingham Kim L. , Malhi Gin S. , Williamson Thomas H. , Williams Leanne M. , Bryant Richard A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAt least one-third posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients do not respond to trauma-focused psychotherapy (TF-psychotherapy), which is the treatment of choice for PTSD. To clarify the change mechanisms that may be associated with treatment response, this study examined changes in neural activations during affective and non-affective processing that occur with improvement of symptoms after TF-psychotherapy. This study assessed PTSD treatment-seeking patients (n = 27) prior to and after TF-psychotherapy using functional magnetic resonance imaging when they completed three tasks: (a) passive viewing of affective faces, (b) cognitive reappraisal of negative images, and (c) non-affective response inhibition. Patients then underwent 9 sessions of TF-psychotherapy, and were assessed on the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale following treatment. Changes in neural responses in affect and cognitive processing regions-of-interest for each task were correlated with reduction of PTSD severity from pretreatment to posttreatment in the PTSD cohort. Data from 21 healthy controls was used for comparison. Improvement of symptoms in PTSD were associated with increased activation of left anterior insula, reductions in the left hippocampus and right posterior insula during viewing of supraliminally presented affective images, and reduced connectivity between the left hippocampus with the left amygdala and rostral anterior cingulate. Treatment response was also associated with reduced activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during reappraisal of negative images. There were no associations between response and activation change during response inhibition. This pattern of findings indicates that improvement of PTSD symptoms following TF-psychotherapy is associated with changes in affective rather than non-affective processes. These findings accord with prevailing models that TF-psychotherapy promotes engagement and mastery of affective stimuli.Clinical Trials Registration: Trial Registration: Prospectively registered at Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12612000185864 and ACTRN12609000324213. https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=83857