bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monte Carlo study of cuprate superconductors in a four-band

d−p

model: role of orbital degrees of freedom
Authors: Watanabe Hiroshi , Shirakawa Tomonori , Seki Kazuhiro , Sakakibara Hirofumi , Kotani Takao , Ikeda Hiroaki , Yunoki Seiji 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Understanding the various competing phases in cuprate superconductors is a long-standing challenging problem. Recent studies have shown that orbital degrees of freedom, both Cu e

g
orbitals and O p orbitals, are a key ingredient for a unified understanding of cuprate superconductors, including the material dependence. Here we investigate a four-band

d

−

p

model derived from the first-principles calculations with the variational Monte Carlo method, which allows us to elucidate competing phases on an equal footing. The obtained results can consistently explain the doping dependence of superconductivity, antiferromagnetic and stripe phases, phase separation in the underdoped region, and also novel magnetism in the heavily-overdoped region. The presence of p orbitals is critical to the charge-stripe features, which induce two types of stripe phases with s)-wave and d-wave bond stripe. On the other hand, the presence of

d

z
2

orbital is indispensable to material dependence of the superconducting transition temperature (

T

c

), and enhances local magnetic moment as a source of novel magnetism in the heavily-overdoped region as well. These findings beyond one-band description could provide a major step toward a full explanation of unconventional normal state and high

T

c

in cuprate supercondutors.
High power impulse magnetron sputtering of tungsten: a comparison of experimental and modelling results
Authors: Suresh Babu Swetha , Rudolph Martin , Ryan Peter John , Fischer Joel , Lundin Daniel , Bradley James W , Gudmundsson Jon Tomas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Here, we compare the ionization region model (IRM) against experimental measurements of particle densities and electron temperature in a high power impulse magnetron sputtering discharge with a tungsten target. The semi-empirical model provides volume-averaged temporal variations of the various species densities as well as the electron energy for a particular cathode target material, when given the measured discharge current and voltage waveforms. The model results are compared to the temporal evolution of the electron density and the electron temperature determined by Thomson scattering measurements and the temporal evolution of the relative neutral and ion densities determined by optical emission spectrometry. While the model underestimates the electron density and overestimates the electron temperature, the temporal trends of the species densities and the electron temperature are well captured by the IRM.
Discharge in air in contact with water: influence of electrical conductivity on the characteristics and the propagation dynamics of the discharge
Authors: Herrmann Antoine , Margot Joëlle , Hamdan Ahmad 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Due to the high reactivity and the non-thermal properties of streamer discharges, they are applied in various fields, such as water treatment and medicine. Streamer discharges are usually produced in the gas phase before interacting with a liquid or solid surface. Although the dynamics of a streamer discharge in gases is well described, its propagation at liquid surfaces remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the influence of water electrical conductivity (σ), between 2 and 1000 µS cm−1, on the characteristics and propagation dynamics of pulsed positive DC nanosecond discharges with the solution serving as a cathode. σ strongly influences τ
r (the dielectric relaxation time), and two discharge modes may be obtained, depending on whether τ
r is shorter or longer than the delay to achieve breakdown (τ
pulse). This latter can be indirectly modified by adjusting the voltage amplitude (V
a). In the case of V
a = 14 kV, the breakdown voltage (V
bd) at low σ is lower than that measured at high σ, probably because τ
pulse < τ
r and > τ
r, respectively. In the case of V
a = 20 kV, V
bd decreases slightly with σ, probably because of the decrease of the resistivity of the global electrical circuit as τ
pulse ∼ τ
r for high σ. In addition to the electrical characterization, the dynamics of the discharge at the solution’s surface is investigated using 1 ns-time-resolved imaging. Its morphology was found to evolve from a disc to a ring before it splits into highly organized plasma dots (streamers’ head). The number (N
dots) and propagation velocity of plasma dots are determined as a function of σ. At V
a = 14 kV, N
dots does not vary significantly with σ despite the increase of V
bd; this latter likely compensates the neutralization of charge accumulated at the surface by ions in solution. In the case of V
a = 20 kV, N
dots decreases with σ, and it can be related to a decrease of accumulated charge at the water surface. Finally, based on the electrical measurements, we found that the charge per plasma dot (Q
dot) increases with σ, which does not correlate with the imaging results that show a short length of propagation at high σ. Then, considering the plasma dot mobility at low σ and the instantaneous propagation velocities at high σ, a more realistic Q
dot is measured.
Tunable Schottky barrier in a graphene/AlP van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Zhang Zicheng , Shi Tianlong , He Jingjing , Liu Chunsheng , Meng Lan , Yan Xiaohong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The controllable modulation of the electronic properties of two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures is crucial for their applications in the future nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices. In this paper, the electronic properties of a graphene/AlP heterostructure are theoretically studied by first-principles calculation. The results show that due to the weak vdW interaction between graphene and the AlP monolayer, both the Dirac semi-metallic properties of graphene and the semiconductivity properties of monolayer AlP are well retained. The graphene/AlP heterostructure forms a 0.41 eV p-type Schottky contact, and the barrier height and contact type can be successively controlled by the applied external electric field and vertical stress. When the applied electric field exceeds −0.5 V Å−1, the heterostructure interface changes from a p-type Schottky contact to an n-type Schottky contact. When the applied electric field exceeds 0.4 V Å−1 or the interlayer spacing is less than 3.1 Å, the interface contact type changes to Ohmic contact. These results indicate that the graphene/AlP heterostucture behaves as tunable Schottky barrier for potential applications in nano-devices.
New interaction solutions of the KdV-Sawada-Kotera-Ramani equation in various dimensions
Authors: Chen Wenxia , Tang Liangping , Tian Lixin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the KdV-Sawada-Kotera-Ramani(KdVSKR) equation in various dimensions are studied. The bilinear form of the (1+1)-dimensional and (2+1)-dimensional KdVSKR equation are obtained by the independent transformation. Based on the Hirota bilinear method, we constructed new interaction solutions by studying the unknown nonlinear differential equations for the corresponding parameters. Three dimensional plots, density plots and contour plots provide us with a better understanding of visualizing the dynamic behavior of solutions.
Monopoles, strings and gravitational waves in non-minimal inflation
Authors: Maji Rinku , Shafi Qaisar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We discuss how in SO(10) grand unification an observable number density of topologically stable intermediate mass (∼ 1014 GeV) monopoles survive inflation driven by a Coleman-Weinberg potential and non-minimal coupling of the inflaton field to gravity. The scalar spectral index ns
is in excellent agreement with the current observations, and the tensor to scalar ratio r ≳ 0.003.
The model also predicts the presence of intermediate scale topologically stable cosmic strings, and their gravitational wave spectrum reflects the amount of cosmic inflation experienced by the associated symmetry breaking.
The discovery of these primordial monopoles and the stochastic gravitational wave background from the strings would provide important new insights regarding the symmetry breaking patterns in the early universe.
Bound on quantum fluctuations in gravitational waves from LIGO-Virgo
Authors: Hertzberg Mark P. , Litterer Jacob A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We derive some of the central equations governing quantum fluctuations in gravitational waves, making use of general relativity as a sensible effective quantum theory at large distances. We begin with a review of classical gravitational waves in general relativity, including the energy in each mode. We then form the quantum ground state and coherent state, before then obtaining an explicit class of squeezed states. Since existing gravitational wave detections arise from merging black holes, and since the quantum nature of black holes remains puzzling, one can be open-minded to the possibility that the wave is in an interesting quantum mechanical state, such as a highly squeezed state. We compute the time and space two-point correlation functions for the quantized metric perturbations. We then constrain its amplitude with LIGO-Virgo observations. Using existing LIGO-Virgo data, we place a bound on the (exponential) squeezing parameter of the quantum gravitational wave state of ζ < 41.
An exact solution of the homogenous trimer Bose-Hubbard model
Authors: Pan Feng , Li Aoxue , Wu Yingxin , Draayer J P 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
It is shown that the homogenous three-site (trimer) Bose–Hubbard model with a periodic boundary condition can be solved exactly by using an extended Bethe ansatz based on the solution of the dimer model and the site-permutation symmetry. A solution of the model within the S
3 symmetric or non-symmetric subspace is presented. Coupled differential equations of a series of extended Heine–Stieltjes polynomials, the zeros of which are related to the solution of the model, are derived. Numerical examples of the solution of the model with

N
⩽
4

bosons, including the related Heine–Stieltjes polynomials and the Van Vleck polynomials, are presented, which serve to validate the procedure and illustrate the completeness of the solutions they render.
A new spin on color quantization
Authors: Lakhal Samy , Darmon Alexandre , Benzaquen Michael 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We address the problem of image color quantization using a maximum entropy based approach. Focusing on pixel mapping we argue that adding thermal noise to the system yields better visual impressions than that obtained from a simple energy minimization. To quantify this observation, we introduce the coarse-grained quantization error, and seek the optimal temperature which minimizes this new observable. By comparing images with different structural properties, we show that the optimal temperature is a good proxy for complexity at different scales. Noting that the convoluted error is a key observable, we directly minimize it using a Monte Carlo algorithm to generate a new series of quantized images. Adopting an original approach based on the informativity of finite size samples, we are able to determine the optimal convolution parameter leading to the best visuals. Finally, we test the robustness of our method against changes in image type, color palette and convolution kernel.
Null recurrence and transience for a binomial catastrophe model in random environment
Authors: Renato Fontes Luiz , Machado Fabio P , Schinazi Rinaldo B 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We consider a discrete time population model for which each individual alive at time n survives independently of everybody else at time n + 1 with probability β

n
. The sequence

(

β
n

)

is i.i.d. and constitutes our random environment. Moreover, at every time n we add Z

n
individuals to the population. The sequence

(

Z
n

)

is also i.i.d. We find sufficient conditions for null recurrence and transience (positive recurrence has been addressed by Neuts 1994 J. Appl. Probab.
31 48–58). We apply our results to a particular

(

Z
n

)

distribution and deterministic β. This particular case shows a rather unusual phase transition in β in the sense that the Markov chain goes from transience to null recurrence without ever reaching positive recurrence.
Hardware design and testing of the generic rear transition module for the global trigger subsystem of ATLAS Phase-II Upgrade
Authors: Bonini F. , Tang S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the framework of the ATLAS experiment’s Phase-II Upgrade at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), new and improved trigger hardware and algorithms will be implemented onto a single-level, 10 μs-latency architecture. The Global Trigger is a new subsystem which will bring event-filter capabilities by performing offline-like algorithms on full-granularity calorimeter data. The implementation of the functionality is firmware-focused and composed of several processing nodes, which are hosted on identical hardware, made up of an Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (ATCA) front board, called Global Common Module (GCM), and a rear transition module (RTM), called Generic RTM (GRM). The GRM, which was developed to mitigate the risks deriving from the complex design and power management of the GCM, features an advanced Xilinx Versal Prime system-on-chip and can handle communication with the GCM and Front-End Link eXchange (FELIX) subsystem and trigger processors through 124 25.8 Gb/s transceiver links, for readout and control. Additionally, the GRM mounts a Low-Power GigaBit Transceiver (lpGBT) chip which enables emulation of the detector front-ends for integration tests. This paper presents the GRM hardware design and its testing.
Design and development of the core software for STCF offline data processing
Authors: Huang W.H. , Li H. , Zhou H. , Li T. , Li Q.Y. , Huang X.T. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Super Tau Charm Facility (STCF) is a proposed
electron-positron collider working at √s = 2 ∼ 7 GeV, and
the peak luminosity is designed to be above
0.5 × 1035 cm-2s-1. The huge amount
of scientific data brings great challenges to the offline data
processing software, including the Monte Carlo simulation,
calibration, reconstruction as well as the data analysis. To
facilitate efficient offline data processing, the offline software
of Super Tau Charm Facility (OSCAR) is developed based on SNiPER, a
lightweight framework designed for HEP experiments, as well as a few
state-of-art software in the HEP community, such as podio and
DD4hep.
This paper describes the design and implementation of the core
software of OSCAR, which provides the foundation for the
development of complex algorithms to be applied on the large data
sets produced by STCF, particularly the way to integrate the common
HEP software toolkits, such as Geant4, DD4hep and podio, into
SNiPER. The software framework also provides a potential solution
for other lightweight HEP experiments as well.
Investigating high methane emissions from urban areas detected by TROPOMI and their association with untreated wastewater
Authors: de Foy Benjamin , Schauer James J , Lorente Alba , Borsdorff Tobias 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Even though methane concentrations have contributed an estimated 23% of climate forcing, part of the recent increases in the global methane background concentrations remain unexplained. Satellite remote sensing has been used extensively to constrain emission inventories, for example with the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument which has been measuring methane since November 2017. We have identified enhancements of methane over 61 urban areas around the world and estimate their emissions using a two-dimensional Gaussian model. We show that methane emissions from urban areas may be underestimated by a factor of 3–4 in the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) greenhouse gas emission inventory. Scaling our results to the 385 urban areas with more than 2 million inhabitants suggests that they could account for up to 22% of global methane emissions. The emission estimates of the 61 urban areas do not correlate with the total or sectoral EDGAR emission inventory. They do however correlate with estimated rates of untreated wastewater, varying from 33 kg person−1 year−1 for cities with zero untreated wastewater to 138 kg person−1 year−1 for the cities with the most untreated wastewater. If this relationship were confirmed by higher resolution remote sensing or in situ monitoring, we estimate that reducing discharges of untreated wastewater could reduce global methane emissions by up to 5%–10% while at the same time yielding significant ecological and human co-benefits.
A measure of dissimilarity between diffusive processes on networks
Authors: Riascos Alejandro P , Hernández Padilla Francisco 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we present a framework to compare the differences in the occupation probabilities of two random walk processes, which can be generated by modifications of the network or the transition probabilities between the nodes of the same network. We explore a dissimilarity measure defined in terms of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the normalized Laplacian of each process. This formalism is implemented to examine differences in the diffusive dynamics described by circulant matrices, the effect of new edges, and the rewiring in networks as well as to evaluate divergences in the transport in degree-biased random walks and random walks with stochastic reset. Our results provide a general tool to compare dynamical processes on networks considering the evolution of states and capturing the complexity of these structures.
Dynamics of mixed quantum–classical spin systems
*
Authors: Gay-Balmaz François , Tronci Cesare 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Mixed quantum–classical spin systems have been proposed in spin chain theory and, more recently, in magnon spintronics. However, current models of quantum–classical dynamics beyond mean-field approximations typically suffer from long-standing consistency issues, and, in some cases, invalidate Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Here, we present a fully Hamiltonian theory of quantum–classical spin dynamics that appears to be the first to ensure an entire series of consistency properties, including positivity of both the classical and the quantum density, so that Heisenberg’s principle is satisfied at all times. We show how this theory may connect to recent energy-balance considerations in measurement theory and we present its Poisson bracket structure explicitly. After focusing on the simpler case of a classical Bloch vector interacting with a quantum spin observable, we illustrate the extension of the model to systems with several spins, and restore the presence of orbital degrees of freedom.
A critical survey of twisted spectral triples beyond the Standard Model
Authors: Filaci Manuele , Martinetti Pierre 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We review the applications of twisted spectral triples to the Standard Model. The initial motivation was to generate a scalar field, required to stabilise the electroweak vacuum and fit the Higgs mass, while respecting the first-order condition. Ultimately, it turns out that the truest interest of the twist lies in a new—and unexpected—field of 1-forms, which is related to the transition from Euclidean to Lorentzian signature.
Bioremediation of heavy metals using a novel species of ciliate Paramecium multimicronucleatum isolated from industrial wastewater
Authors: Zahra Itrat , Liaqat Ayesha , Betenbaugh Michael , Ramzan Uzma , Elmnasri Khaled , Hedfi Amor , Ben Ali Manel , Albogami Bander , Shakoori Farah R , Shakoori Abdul R 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The introduction of heavy metals by industries in the aquatic ecosystem is a threatening alarm for living organisms. Bioremediation is an eco-friendly and inexpensive technique as an alternative to chemical methods for wastewater treatment. Wastewater samples were collected from ponds receiving effluents from the Kot Lakhpat Industrial zone, Lahore (Pakistan). Heavy metal-resistant ciliate, Paramecium multimicronucleatum was isolated and characterized with the help of 18SrRNA biomarker. The ciliate showed optimum growth at 25 °C ± 1 °C and pH 7. Growth patterns of P. multimicronucleatum were observed with and without metal stress in wheat grain medium. The minimum inhibitory concentration of cadmium, copper, zinc, and lead was 60, 70, 110, and 160 μg ml−1, respectively. The maximum uptake by Paramecia for Cd, Cu, and Zn was recorded as 90%, 82%, and 93% respectively after 96 h of exposure in each case. While 90% of lead ions were absorbed by Paramecium cells after 48 h of exposure. The order of uptake ability by Paramecium sp. was Zn2+ > Cd2+ > Cu2+ > Pb2+. This preliminary study of exploring bioremediation ability of this ciliate would be helpful for investigating it further using advanced molecular techniques.
Molecular simulation study of the adhesion characteristics of β-phosphogypsum product surface to mold biomolecules
Authors: Wanshuang Liu , Longjiang Li , Xiaotian Zhou 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The adhesion of β-phosphogypsum product (M-β-PG) to mold is one of the factors affecting its mildew, and the possible structure and mechanism of the interaction between mold adsorbed on M-β-PG surface remain unclear. From the point of view of the interaction between the main biomolecular (Z) on the surface of mold cell wall and the main component of M-β-PG gypsum (G), the adsorption characteristics and interaction mechanism of Z on G surface were studied by means of molecular simulation and experiment. Using x-ray diffraction, gypsum phase composition analysis, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, microbial diversity detection and other tests, the object of molecular simulation modeling was determined. By analyzing the fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) functional group test, the geometric optimization, the band structure and the density of states calculated by quantum mechanics; the adsorption heat, interaction energy, adsorption isotherm, adsorption bond length and mean square displacement calculated by molecular mechanics, the interaction mechanism between G and Z is studied. The results showed that the adsorption occurred primarily between the hydroxyl and carboxyl O atoms and amino N atoms of Z and Ca, S and H atoms in G. The forms of interaction were hydrogen bonding and van der Waals force interaction, which belonged to physical adsorption. On the surface of G, the most and least adsorbed were β-glucan and galactosamine, respectively, whereas the strongest and weakest adsorbed were galactomannan and galactosamine, respectively. This study provides some indication for the interaction mechanism between mold and phosphogypsum surface.