bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the accuracy of mandibulectomy and reconstructive surgery using 3D customized implants and surgical guides in a rabbit model
Authors: Kim Min Keun , Ham Min Ji , Kim Won Rae , Kim Hyung Giun , Kwon Kwang Jun , Kim Seong Gon , Park Young Wook 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to analyze the accuracy of the output of three-dimensional (3D) customized surgical guides and titanium implants in a rabbit model, and of mandibulectomy, reconstructive surgery, and surgical outcome; additionally, the correlation between surgical accuracy and surgical outcomes, including the differences in surgical outcome according to surgical accuracy, was analyzed.

Results
The output of implants was accurately implemented within the error range (− 0.03–0.03 mm), and the surgical accuracy varied depending on the measured area (range − 0.4–1.1 mm). Regarding surgical outcomes, angle between the mandibular lower borders showed the most sensitive results and distance between the lingual cusps of the first molars represented the most accurate outcomes. A significant correlation was noted between surgical accuracy in the anteroposterior length of the upper borders pre- and postoperatively and the angle between the mandibular lower borders (regression coefficient = 0.491, p = 0.028). In the group wherein surgery was performed more accurately, the angle between the mandibular lower borders was reproduced more accurately (p = 0.021). A selective laser melting machine accurately printed the implants as designed. Considering the positive correlation among surgical accuracy in the mandibular upper borders, angle between the mandibular lower borders, and more accurately reproduced angle between the mandibular lower borders, the angle between the mandibular lower borders is considered a good indicator for evaluating the outcomes of reconstructive surgery.

Conclusion
To reduce errors in surgical outcomes, it is necessary to devise a positioner for the surgical guide and design a 3D surgical guide to constantly maintain the direction of bone resection. A fixed area considering the concept of three-point fixation should be selected for stable positioning of the implant; in some cases, bilateral cortical bone fixation should be considered. The angle between the mandibular lower borders is a sensitive indicator for evaluating the outcomes of reconstructive surgery.
The role of implicit social bias on holistic processing of out-group faces
Authors: Chen Wei , Kassa Mahlet T. , Cheung Olivia S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough faces of in-group members are generally thought to be processed holistically, there are mixed findings on whether holistic processing remains robust for faces of out-group members and what factors contribute to holistic processing of out-group faces. This study examined how implicit social bias, experience with out-group members, and ability to process in-group faces holistically might predict the magnitude of holistic processing for faces of two out-groups: other-race and other-age groups. In Experiment 1, Caucasian participants viewed Caucasian (own-race) and East Asian (other-race) faces. In Experiment 2, young adult participants viewed young adult (own-age) and baby (other-age) faces. Each participant completed a composite task with in-group and out-group faces, an implicit association test, and questionnaires about their experience with in-group and out-group members. We found that while the participants had relatively extensive experience with the other-race group, they had limited experience with the other-age group. Nonetheless, implicit social bias was found to positively predict the magnitude of holistic processing for both other-race and other-age faces. Exploratory analyses on the interactions among the predictors suggest that the effect of implicit social bias was primarily observed in participants with strong holistic processing ability of in-group faces but with low level of experience with members of the out-groups. These findings suggest that observers utilize different kinds of information when processing out-group faces, and that social features, such as race or age, are incorporated to influence how out-group faces are processed efficiently.
Reasons withholding intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke in an Indonesian Tertiary Center
Authors: Situmeang Rocksy Fransisca V. , Pangestu Aristo , Stevano Reza , Tannu Yesenia , Herlambang Jessica , Putri Cynthia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Intravenous thrombolysis is the current therapy of choice in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). While highly effective, the rate at which the procedure is employed is low. Studies evaluating the causes withholding thrombolytic treatment in developing nations remain scarce. We aim to determine the factors withholding thrombolytic treatment in AIS patients.

Methods
This is a retrospective study of AIS patients at Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village, Indonesia, in a 10-month period between April 2019 to February 2020. Patient data were collected from the medical records.

Results
One hundred and forty-five cases of AIS were found within a 10-month period (April 2019 to February 2020). Thrombolysis was performed in 6.90% of all patients with AIS (21.28% when adjusted for eligible patients with onset ≤ 4.5 h). Prehospital delay exceeding 4.5 h was the most common cause of withholding thrombolytic treatment (68.28% of patients present above 4.5 h or with unknown onset). Among patients presenting ≤ 4.5 h, causes withholding thrombolysis include clinical improvement (35.14%), mild non-disabling symptoms (32.43%), patient/family refusal (18.92%), extensive infarction (5.41%), seizures at onset (2.7%), as well as history of acute bleeding diathesis (2.7%) and gastrointestinal bleeding (2.7%).

Conclusions
Prehospital delay constitutes the primary obstacle toward receiving thrombolytic therapy for AIS, especially in developing countries. Among patients with onset below 4.5 h, other notable causes include clinical improvement, mild non-disabling symptoms, and patient/family refusal. Of note, the rate of patient/family refusal in our study was much higher compared to previous findings, which may reflect possible socio-economic, communication, or educational issues.
Combined four neurovascular compression syndromes: the first case report and literature review
Authors: Anukoolwittaya Prakit , Hiransuthikul Akarin , Thanprasertsuk Sekh , Phanthumchinda Kammant 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeurovascular compression syndromes (NVCs) are cranial nerve syndromes caused by direct contact or compression of vascular structures on the cranial nerves at the root exit/entry zone. Cases of combined NVCs are extremely rare.CaseWe reported the first case of a 41-year-old woman with combined four NVCs presenting with left hemifacial spasm followed by simultaneous left glossopharyngeal neuralgia, left type-writer tinnitus and vestibular paroxysmia due to the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery compression at the root exit/entry of the left facial, vestibulocochlear and glossopharyngeal nerves. All the symptoms resolved immediately after microvascular decompression without recurrence in a period of follow-up for one year. In addition, we presented a literature review of combined three or more NVCs.ConclusionWe discussed the hypothesis of combined three or more NVCs development, especially the central hyperactivity of the cranial nerve nuclei mechanism.
A review of literature on Compound 21-loaded gelatin nanoparticle: a promising nose-to-brain therapy for multi-infarct dementia
Authors: de Liyis Bryan Gervais , Sutedja Jane Carissa , Kesuma Putu Mas Isyundra , Liyis Sulaiman , Widyadharma I. Putu Eka 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMulti-infarct dementia (MID) is described as a chronic progressive decline in cortical cognitive function due to the occurrence of multiple infarcts in the cerebral vascularization throughout the gray and white matter. Current therapies of MID mostly focus only on slowing down MID progression and symptomatic medications. A novel therapy which is able to provide both preventive and curative properties for MID is of high interest. The purpose of this review is to identify the potential of Compound 21 (C21) gelatin nanoparticle through the nose-to-brain route as therapy for MID. C21, an angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) agonist, has shown to reduce the size of cerebral infarct in rodent models, resulting in the preservation and improvement of overall cognitive function and prevention of secondary neurodegenerative effects. It is also shown that C21 decreases neuronal apoptosis, improves damaged axons, and encourage synapse development. The challenge remains in preventing systemic AT2R activation and increasing its low oral bioavailability which can be overcome through nose-to-brain administration of C21. Nose-to-brain drug delivery of C21 significantly increases drug efficiency and limits C21 exposure in order to specifically target the multiple infarcts located in the cerebral cortex. Adhering C21 onto gelatin nanoparticles may enable longer contact time with the olfactory and the trigeminal nerve endings, increasing the potency of C21. In summary, treatment of C21 gelatin nanoparticle through nose-to-brain delivery shows high potential as therapy for vascular dementia. However, clinical trials must be further studied in order to test the safety and efficacy of C21.
Governing wildfire in a global change context: lessons from water management in the Netherlands
Authors: Lambrechts Hugo A. , Paparrizos Spyridon , Brongersma Robijn , Kroeze Carolien , Ludwig Fulco , Stoof Cathelijne R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Wildfire management is increasingly shifting from firefighting to wildfire prevention aiming at disaster risk reduction. This implies fuel and landscape management and engagement with stakeholders. This transition is comparable to the history of water management in the Netherlands, which shifted from fighting against water to flood risk reduction and living with water. Here, we draw lessons from water management for integrated fire management that are useful for society, agencies, and government. To this end, we review the literature on integrated and adaptive water management in the Netherlands.

Results
Based on the results, we argue that (1) a holistic and integrated approach, (2) adaptive management, and (3) resilient landscapes through stakeholder participation are necessary to improve the resilience against and prevention of wildfires within integrated fire management.

Conclusion
To make society more resilient to wildfires and shift to a greater focus on prevention within disaster risk reduction, there is a need to take a more long-term perspective and include a wider range of stakeholders to develop new wildfire policies. Integrated fire management should facilitate and promote community initiatives to implement fire risk reduction measures in different landscapes and the wildland urban interface (WUI) including the use of nature-based solutions. Inspired by the successes in Dutch water management, fire management needs greater participation of stakeholders and collaboration between stakeholders to share responsibility and knowledge to make wildfire prevention more attractive and implementable by society, landowners, civil protection, and policymakers.
Effect of minimally invasive cardiac surgery compared with conventional surgery on post-operative physical activity and rehabilitation in patients with valvular heart disease
Authors: Labib Hossam salaheldin Abdelmohsen , Fawaz Shereen I. , Ghanam Mohamed El , ELBarbray Moustafa Gamal 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) has steadily become more and more popular. MICS is less invasive and has a faster return to normality after surgery. Patients who had MICS continue to exercise more frequently than those who had the conventional median sternotomy surgery. It is generally established that physical activity lowers mortality and the risk of cardiac disease. The purpose of the study: is to evaluate and compare physical activity levels in MICS and conventional surgery.

Result
The level of preoperative physical activity did not significantly differ between the two groups. However, the MICS group significantly exceeded the conventional group in terms of postoperative progress, amount of physical activity, and 6-minute walking test. Also, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score was significantly less.

Conclusion
Minimally invasive cardiac surgery has a higher margin of benefit, and speedy recovery to normality, which is accompanied by a lower VAS score and increased physical activity in comparison to conventional surgery.
Processing of social and monetary rewards in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Baumeister Sarah , Moessnang Carolin , Bast Nico , Hohmann Sarah , Aggensteiner Pascal , Kaiser Anna , Tillmann Julian , Goyard David , Charman Tony , Ambrosino Sara , Baron-Cohen Simon , Beckmann Christian , Bölte Sven , Bourgeron Thomas , Rausch Annika , Crawley Daisy , Dell'Acqua Flavio , Dumas Guillaume , Durston Sarah , Ecker Christine , Floris Dorothea L. , Frouin Vincent , Hayward Hannah , Holt Rosemary , Johnson Mark H. , Jones Emily J. H. , Lai Meng-Chuan , Lombardo Michael V. , Mason Luke , Oakley Bethany , Oldehinkel Marianne , Persico Antonio M. , San José Cáceres Antonia , Wolfers Thomas , Loth Eva , Murphy Declan G. M. , Buitelaar Jan K. , Tost Heike , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Banaschewski Tobias , Brandeis Daniel ,   the EU-AIMS LEAP Group
Published: January 2023

BackgroundReward processing has been proposed to underpin the atypical social feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, previous neuroimaging studies have yielded inconsistent results regarding the specificity of atypicalities for social reward processing in ASD.AimsUtilising a large sample, we aimed to assess reward processing in response to reward type (social, monetary) and reward phase (anticipation, delivery) in ASD.MethodFunctional magnetic resonance imaging during social and monetary reward anticipation and delivery was performed in 212 individuals with ASD (7.6–30.6 years of age) and 181 typically developing participants (7.6–30.8 years of age).ResultsAcross social and monetary reward anticipation, whole-brain analyses showed hypoactivation of the right ventral striatum in participants with ASD compared with typically developing participants. Further, region of interest analysis across both reward types yielded ASD-related hypoactivation in both the left and right ventral striatum. Across delivery of social and monetary reward, hyperactivation of the ventral striatum in individuals with ASD did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Dimensional analyses of autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) scores were not significant. In categorical analyses,post hoccomparisons showed that ASD effects were most pronounced in participants with ASD without co-occurring ADHD.ConclusionsOur results do not support current theories linking atypical social interaction in ASD to specific alterations in social reward processing. Instead, they point towards a generalised hypoactivity of ventral striatum in ASD during anticipation of both social and monetary rewards. We suggest this indicates attenuated reward seeking in ASD independent of social content and that elevated ADHD symptoms may attenuate altered reward seeking in ASD.
Predicting coercion during the course of psychiatric hospitalizations
Authors: Müller Mario , Brackmann Nathalie , Jäger Matthias , Theodoridou Anastasia , Vetter Stefan , Seifritz Erich , Hotzy Florian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Coercive measures (such as seclusion, mechanical restraint, and forced medication) during psychiatric inpatient treatment should be avoided whenever possible. Different interventions were already developed to reduce coercion, but for their effective application, it is crucial to know the risk factors of individuals and clinical situations that might be associated with coercion. Since the results of previous studies differ considerably the current study aims to fill this gap by evaluating the course of the exertion of coercion in detail.

Methods
In this study, we analyzed clinical, procedural, and sociodemographic data from patients (n = 16,607 cases) who were treated as inpatients in Switzerland’s largest psychiatric institution with 320 beds during the years 2017 to 2020. We used regression models to identify predictors for the exertion of coercion, the number of coercive measures during a treatment episode and time until exertion of the first and last coercive measure.

Results
Coercive measures are mostly used during the first days of treatment. We identified clinical parameters such as manic or psychotic episodes to be the most relevant predictors for the exertion of coercion. Cases with those disorders also received coercion more often and earlier in their treatment course than other diagnostic groups. Other promoting factors for frequency and early application of coercion were involuntary admission and factors of chronicity and clinical severity.

Conclusions
Knowing the risk factors may help to target preventive strategies for those at highest risk. In particular, interventions should focus on the critical timeframe at the beginning of treatment.
Spinal Intradural Arachnoid Cysts in Adults: An Institutional Experience and Literature Review
Authors: Cuoco Joshua A. , Muthukumar Sankar , Rogers Cara M. , Entwistle John J. , Patel Vaibhav M. , Olasunkanmi Adeolu L. , Witcher Mark R. 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Adult spinal intradural arachnoid cysts are rare pathologic entities with an unclear etiopathogenesis. These lesions can be dichotomized into primary (idiopathic) or secondary (related to inflammation, intradural surgery, or trauma) etiologies. Limited series have depicted optimal management strategies and clinical outcomes.

OBJECTIVE:
To illustrate our experience with spinal intradural arachnoid cysts and to present a literature review of surgically treated cysts to elucidate the clinical and anatomic differences between etiologies.

METHODS:
Institutional review revealed 29 patients. Various data were extracted from the medical record. Initial and follow-up symptomatologies of the surgical cohort were compared. The literature review included case series describing cysts managed surgically.

RESULTS:
From patients treated surgically at our institution (22), there was a significant reduction in thoracic back pain postoperatively (P = .034). A literature review yielded 271 additional cases. Overall, primary and secondary lesions accounted for 254 and 39 cases, respectively. Cysts of secondary origin were more likely localized ventral to the spinal cord (P = .013). The rate of symptomatic improvement after surgical intervention for primary cysts was more than double than that of secondary cysts (P < .001). Compared with primary etiologies, the rates of radiographic progression (P = .032) and repeat surgery (P = .041) were each more than double for secondary cysts.

CONCLUSION:
Surgical intervention for spinal intradural arachnoid cysts improves thoracic back pain. The literature supports surgical intervention for symptomatic primary spinal intradural arachnoid cysts with improved clinical outcomes. Surgery should be cautiously considered for secondary cysts given worse outcomes.
Management and Long-Term Outcomes of Patients With Infectious Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Alawieh Ali M. , Dimisko Laurie , Newman Sarah , Grossberg Jonathan A. , Cawley C. Michael , Pradilla Gustavo , Samuels Owen , Barrow Daniel L. , Howard Brian M. 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Infectious intracranial aneurysms (IIAs) are rare complications of infective endocarditis (IE). Data on management and long-term outcomes remain limited.

OBJECTIVE:
To retrospectively study long-term outcomes of IIAs in patients treated medically or surgically.

METHODS:
Adult cases of IE and/or IIAs admitted to Emory or Grady Healthcare Systems between May 2015 and May 2020 were reviewed for demographic, clinical, and radiographic variables for up to 2 years. Primary outcome measure was 2-year survival.

RESULTS:
Among 1714 cases of IE, intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in 322 patients and IIAs in 17 patients. The presence of IIAs in IE was associated with higher odds of disposition to hospice/death (odds ratio = 6.9). Including non-IE patients, 24 patients had 38 IIAs mainly involving the distal middle cerebral artery and 16 were ruptured on admission. IIAs were predominantly treated with antibiotics as the primary approach. Open microsurgery was the primary approach for 5 aneurysms and was used as salvage in 7 IIAs. Endovascular management was the primary approach for 2 IIAs and used as salvage for 5 IIAs with antibiotic failure. Medical management had high rate of treatment failure (15/31) which predominantly occurred within 2 weeks of onset. The 2-year survival in this cohort was 70% (17/24).

CONCLUSION:
IIAs are rare complications of IE with a poor prognosis. Patients treated with antibiotics have higher risk of treatment failure requiring salvage surgical or endovascular intervention. Medical treatment failure occurred mostly within 2 weeks of onset and had a negative prognostic value emphasizing the need for close follow-up and early surgical or endovascular management.
“July Effect” in Spinal Fusions: A Coarsened Exact-Matched Analysis
Authors: Borja Austin J. , Ahmad Hasan S. , Tomlinson Samuel B. , Na Jianbo , McClintock Scott D. , Welch William C. , Marcotte Paul J. , Ozturk Ali K. , Malhotra Neil R. 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:Few neurosurgical studies examine the July Effect within elective spinal procedures, and none uses an exact-matched protocol to rigorously account for confounders.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the July Effect in single-level spinal fusions, after coarsened exact matching of the patient cohort on key patient characteristics (including race and comorbid status) known to independently affect neurosurgical outcomes.METHODS:Two thousand three hundred thirty-eight adult patients who underwent single-level, posterior-only lumbar fusion at a single, multicenter university hospital system were retrospectively enrolled. Primary outcomes included readmissions, emergency department visits, reoperation, surgical complications, and mortality within 30 days of surgery. Logistic regression was used to analyze month as an ordinal variable. Subsequently, outcomes were compared between patients with surgery at the beginning vs end of the academic year (ie, July vs April–June), before and after coarsened exact matching on key characteristics. After exact matching, 99 exactly matched pairs of patients (total n = 198) were included for analysis.RESULTS:Among all patients, operative month was not associated with adverse postoperative events within 30 days of the index operation. Furthermore, patients with surgeries in July had no significant difference in adverse outcomes. Similarly, between exact-matched cohorts, patients in July were observed to have noninferior adverse postoperative events.CONCLUSION:There was no evidence suggestive of a July Effect after single-level, posterior approach spinal fusions in our cohort. These findings align with the previous literature to imply that teaching hospitals provide adequate patient care throughout the academic year, regardless of how long individual resident physician assistants have been in their particular role.