bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low level of antifungal resistance inCandidaspecies recovered from Iranian HIV-associated oral infection
Authors: Erfaninejad Maryam , Zarei Mahmoudabadi Ali , Maraghi Elham , Hashemzadeh Mohammad , Fatahinia Mahnaz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOral candidiasis (OC) is the most frequent opportunistic fungal infection, which is a predictive indicator of immunosuppression and disease progression among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). In the present study, 109 Candida isolates were collected from 94 PLWHA afflicted with oral Candida infection (OCI) following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The susceptibility profiles of Candidaspp. to six antifungal agents were evaluated using CLSI broth microdilution. The prevalence of OCI was 34.06%. The susceptibility profile of Candidaspp. revealed 100% sensitivity to caspofungin, while 6.4%, 5.4%, 24.5%, and 2.8% of Candida isolates showed resistance or nonwild-type MICs to fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and amphotericin B, respectively. Notably, 15.9% of patients and 3.7% of isolates showed mixed Candida infections and multidrug resistance, respectively. The low-level resistance to antifungal agents observed in the present study may be explained by the fact that none of the participants had prior and prolonged exposure to these antifungals. However, more focus should be placed on the mechanisms of reduced susceptibility and low-level resistance in Candida species since they can serve as stepping stones to developing clinical resistance. Alongside this, it seems a must to understand the local epidemiology of Candida spp. and their susceptibility pattern.
Nested sampling statistical errors
Authors: Fowlie Andrew , Li Qiao , Lv Huifang , Sun Yecheng , Zhang Jia , Zheng Le 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTNested sampling (NS) is a popular algorithm for Bayesian computation. We investigate statistical errors in NS both analytically and numerically. We show two analytic results. First, we show that the leading terms in Skilling’s expression using information theory match the leading terms in Keeton’s expression from an analysis of moments. This approximate agreement was previously only known numerically and was somewhat mysterious. Second, we show that the uncertainty in single NS runs approximately equals the standard deviation in repeated NS runs. While intuitive, this was previously taken for granted. We close by investigating our results and their assumptions in several numerical examples, including cases in which NS uncertainties increase without bound.
The puzzle of the formation of T8 dwarf Ross 458c
Authors: Gaarn Josefine , Burningham Ben , Faherty Jacqueline K , Visscher Channon , Marley Mark S , Gonzales Eileen C , Calamari Emily , Bardalez Gagliuffi Daniella , Lupu Roxana , Freedman Richard 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTAt the lowest masses, the distinction between brown dwarfs and giant exoplanets is often blurred and literature classifications rarely reflect the deuterium burning boundary. Atmospheric characterization may reveal the extent to which planetary formation pathways contribute to the population of very low mass brown dwarfs, by revealing whether their abundance distributions differ from those of the local field population or, in the case of companions, their primary stars. The T8 dwarf Ross 458c is a possible planetary-mass companion to a pair of M dwarfs, and previous work suggests that it is cloudy. We here present the results of the retrieval analysis of Ross 458c, using archival spectroscopic data in the 1.0–2.4 µm range. We test a cloud-free model as well as a variety of cloudy models and find that the atmosphere of Ross 458c is best described by a cloudy model (strongly preferred). The CH4/H2O is higher than expected at $1.97^{+0.13}_{-0.14}$. This value is challenging to understand in terms of equilibrium chemistry and plausible carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratios. Comparisons to thermochemical grid models suggest a C/O of ≈1.35, if CH4 and H2O are quenched at 2000 K, requiring vigorous mixing. We find a [C/H] ratio of +0.18, which matches the metallicity of the primary system, suggesting that oxygen is missing from the atmosphere. Even with extreme mixing, the implied C/O is well beyond the typical stellar regime, suggesting either a non-stellar formation pathway or the sequestration of substantial quantities of oxygen via hitherto unmodelled chemistry or condensation processes.
The ethylene-responsive transcription factor PpERF9 represses PpRAP2.4 and PpMYB114 via histone deacetylation to inhibit anthocyanin biosynthesis in pear
Authors: Ni Junbei , Wang Simai , Yu Wenjie , Liao Yifei , Pan Chen , Zhang Manman , Tao Ruiyan , Wei Jia , Gao Yuhao , Wang Dongsheng , Bai Songling , Teng Yuanwen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Ethylene induces anthocyanin biosynthesis in most fruits, including apple (Malus domestica) and plum (Prunus spp.). By contrast, ethylene inhibits anthocyanin biosynthesis in pear (Pyrus spp.), but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we identified and characterized an ethylene-induced ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) transcription factor, PpETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR9 (PpERF9), which functions as a transcriptional repressor. Our analyses indicated PpERF9 can directly inhibit expression of the MYB transcription factor gene PpMYB114 by binding to its promoter. Additionally, PpERF9 inhibits the expression of the transcription factor gene PpRELATED TO APETALA2.4 (PpRAP2.4), which activates PpMYB114 expression, by binding to its promoter, thus forming a PpERF9-PpRAP2.4-PpMYB114 regulatory circuit. Furthermore, PpERF9 interacts with the co-repressor PpTOPLESS1 (PpTPL1) via EAR motifs to form a complex that removes the acetyl group on histone H3 and maintains low levels of acetylated H3 in the PpMYB114 and PpRAP2.4 promoter regions. The resulting suppressed expression of these 2 genes leads to decreased anthocyanin biosynthesis in pear. Collectively, these results indicate that ethylene inhibits anthocyanin biosynthesis by a mechanism that involves PpERF9-PpTPL1 complex-mediated histone deacetylation of PpMYB114 and PpRAP2.4. The data presented herein will be useful for clarifying the relationship between chromatin status and hormone signaling, with implications for plant biology research.
Fiscal Federalism: The Interaction between Own Revenues and Intergovernmental Transfers in Local Governments—The Case of Municipalities in Buenos Aires
Authors: Porto Alberto , Puig Jorge 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe study the interaction between intergovernmental transfers on the level and the structure of local own revenues. Based on a sample for Argentina’s local governments, specifically the 135 municipalities of the province of Buenos Aires, we find that transfers facilitate local revenues collection. This effect is more pronounced in urban local governments, with higher population density, poverty levels, and demand for public services. In addition, transfers bias own revenues composition. That is, higher transfers lead to higher local tax collection, which is obtained through less distortionary taxation (i.e., property tax). Interestingly, this bias is stronger for local governments with a higher share of divisible public goods (that are likely to be financed according to the “benefit principle”). The results are robust to a battery of different estimation methods and can be rationalized with existing theory from public finance and political economy as well. The findings might have important policy implications for local governments’ public finance.
MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF THE RADIATION SOURCE TERM FROM [18O]H2O CYCLOTRON TARGET BOMBARDMENT WITH PROTONS OF 16.5 MEV
Authors: Benavente-Castillo Jhonny A , da Silva Teógenes A , Fonseca Telma C F , Lacerda Marco A S 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
PET cyclotrons are widely used for producing medical diagnostic radionuclides. The main radionuclide produced in these facilities is the 18F, which is obtained from the [18O (p,n)18F] reaction when 18O-enriched water is bombarded with the proton beams. This work aimed to estimate the radiation source term from the bombardment of an 18O-enriched water target with protons of 16.5 MeV to determine the radiation neutron field around the accelerator.
Domestically “Flying Geese”: Regional Manufacturing Investment Flows within China
Authors: Zhang Jialiang , Zhang Xiaobo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper examines the evolving patterns of bilateral city-to-city manufacturing investment flows from 2000 to 2015 in China, which are aggregated from detailed firm-level investment transactions based on the administrative business registration database. The coastal regions were a more favorable destination for manufacturing investment prior to 2006 despite their higher wage levels. Since then, the trend has reversed, that is, the inland regions have attracted a growing share of manufacturing investment. The pattern is more pronounced for labor-intensive manufacturing industries. The wage gap between coastal and inland cities is the main driver behind the giant “flying geese”—the relocation of manufacturing firms from coastal to inland areas.
Consensus on Social Determinants of Health Knowledge Topics and Behavior Learning Goals Across Primary Care Residencies: Results of a Delphi Study
Authors: Hassan Iman F. , Gorski Victoria , Sanderson Dana , Braganza Sandra , Benfield Nerys , Nadas Marisa , Amursi Erka , Gonzalez Cristina M. 
Published: March 2023

PurposeSocial determinants of health (SDH) are a substantial contributor to health outcomes and health inequities across populations. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has called for the incorporation of SDH into graduate medical education (GME), yet there is no consensus on what SDH knowledge or skills residents in primary care specialties should have on completion of training. The aim of this study was to develop expert consensus on the most important SDH knowledge topics and behavior learning goals for residents in 4 primary care fields.MethodThe authors used a modified Delphi technique to develop consensus among experts in internal medicine, pediatrics, family medicine, and obstetrics and gynecology across the United States via a survey administered between February and October 2021. They conducted a literature review on SDH in GME to develop an initial set of topics and learning goals and recruited experts who published about SDH and GME or led an SDH curriculum in GME. Consensus was determined a priori as 80% agreement that a topic or learning goal was very or extremely important.ResultsForty-one experts participated in the first round of the survey and 33 participated in the second round (80% retention). Experts reached consensus on the importance of 22/51 (43%) topics and 18/47 (38%) learning goals. Topics reaching consensus emphasized structural forces, broad domains of SDH, resources for addressing SDH, and advocacy strategies and resources. Learning goals reaching consensus focused on individual- and interpersonal-level behaviors.ConclusionsTo the authors’ knowledge, this study represents the first rigorous evaluation of expert consensus on SDH in GME across 4 primary care specialties. The results could inform curriculum development and implementation and program evaluation, residency program goals, and shared GME milestones. Among other things, future studies can assess expert consensus on SDH in GME across nonprimary care specialties.
Public and Population Health in U.S. Medical Education: A Review of Guidance in Extraordinary Times
Authors: Maeshiro Rika , Jarris Yumi Shitama , Prunuske Jacob , Carney Jan K. , Strelnick Alvin H. , Townsend Janet M. , Krane N. Kevin , Johnson Sherese B. , Howley Lisa D. , Cashman Suzanne B. , Deyton Lawrence R. , Ortega LaVonne A. , Lebwohl Benjamin , Fair Malika 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Generations of medical educators have recommended including public and population health (PPH) content in the training of U.S. physicians. The COVID-19 pandemic, structural racism, epidemic gun violence, and the existential threats caused by climate change are currently unsubtle reminders of the essential nature of PPH in medical education and practice. To assess the state of PPH content in medical education, the authors reviewed relevant guidance, including policies, standards, and recommendations from national bodies that represent and oversee medical education for physicians with MD degrees.
Findings confirm that guidance across the medical education continuum, from premedical education to continuing professional development, increasingly includes PPH elements that vary in specificity and breadth. Graduate medical education policies present the most comprehensive approach in both primary care and subspecialty fields. Behavioral, quantitative, social, and systems sciences are represented, although not uniformly, in guidance for every phase of training. Quantitative PPH skills are frequently presented in the context of research, but not in relation to the development of population health perspectives (e.g., evidence-based medicine, quality improvement, policy development). The interdependence between governmental public health and medical practice, environmental health, and the impact of structural racism and other systems of oppression on health are urgent concerns, yet are not consistently or explicitly included in curricular guidance. To prepare physicians to meet the health needs of patients and communities, educators should identify and address gaps and inconsistencies in PPH curricula and related guidance.
Re-examinations of public health and health care systems in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic support the importance of PPH in physician training and practice, as physicians can help to bridge clinical and public health systems. This review provides an inventory of existing guidance (presented in the appendices) to assist educators in establishing PPH as an essential foundation of physician training and practice.
The Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia
Authors: Dupuis Frederique , Cherif Amira , Batcho Charles , Massé-Alarie Hugo , Roy Jean-Sébastien 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
The aims of this systematic review were to identify the different versions of the Tampa Scale of kinesiophobia (TSK) and to report on the psychometric evidence relating to these different versions for people experiencing musculoskeletal pain.

Methods:
Medline [Ovid] CINAHL and Embase databases were searched for publications reporting on the psychometric properties of the TSK in populations with musculoskeletal pain. Risks of bias were evaluated using the COSMIN risk of the bias assessment tool.

Results:
Forty-one studies were included, mainly with a low risk of bias. Five versions of the TSK were identified: TSK-17, TSK-13, TSK-11, TSK-4, and TSK-TMD (for temporomandibular disorders). Most TSK versions showed good to excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass coefficient correlation 0.77 to 0.99) and good internal consistency (ɑ=0.68 to 0.91), except for the TSK-4 as its reliability has yet to be defined. The minimal detectable change was lower for the TSK-17 (11% to 13% of total score) and the TSK-13 (8% of total score) compared with the TSK-11 (16% of total score). Most TSK versions showed good construct validity, although TSK-11 validity was inconsistent between studies. Finally, the TSK-17, -13, and -11 were highly responsive to change, while responsiveness has yet to be defined for the TSK-4 and TSK-TMD.

Discussion:
Clinical guidelines now recommend that clinicians identify the presence of kinesiophobia among patients as it may contribute to persistent pain and disability. The TSK is a self-report questionnaire widely used, but 5 different versions exist. Based on these results, the use of TSK-13 and TSK-17 is encouraged as they are valid, reliable, and responsive.
Bone Health Optimization (BHO) in Spine Surgery
Authors: Anderson Paul A. , Binkley Neil C. , Bernatz James T. 
Published: March 2023

Study Design.
Literature review

Objective.
To educate spine surgeons on the importance of bone health optimization in surgical patients.

Summary of Background Data.
Osteoporosis is common and underdiagnosed in spine surgery patients. Poor bone health has been linked to worse outcomes and complications after spine surgery. Guidelines are available to inform decision making on screening and treatment in this population.

Methods.
Available literature is reviewed regarding bone health screening and treatment. Studies reporting outcomes related to osteoporosis, bone density, and vitamin D status are summarized. Pharmacologic treatment and nutritional considerations are discussed. Bone health optimization practice models and outcomes are also reviewed.

Results.
Bone health screening should be considered in all adults over age 50. Gender-specific guidelines are available to determine which patients need dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Osteoporosis can be diagnosed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry T-score, fracture risk calculator or by history of low-energy fracture. Advanced imaging including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can be used to opportunistically assess bone health. If diagnosed, osteoporosis can be treated with either antiresorptive or anabolic agents. These medications can be started preoperatively or postoperatively and, in high-risk patients, surgical delay can be considered. The implementation of bone health optimization programs has been shown to greatly increasing screening and treatment rates.

Conclusion.
Bone health assessment and optimization are important for decreasing surgical risks and improving outcomes in spine surgery patients.
Single-cell profiling of the copy-number heterogeneity in colorectal cancer
Authors: Song Shiyu , Feng Lin , Xi Kexing , Sun Zhigang , Kong Deyang , Luo Zhenkai , Pei Wei , Zhang Haizeng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background:
With functionally heterogeneous cells, tumors comprise a complex ecosystem to promote tumor adaptability and evolution under strong selective pressure from the given microenvironment. Diversifying tumor cells or intra-tumor heterogeneity is essential for tumor growth, invasion, and immune evasion. However, no reliable method to classify tumor cell subtypes is yet available. In this study, we introduced the single-cell sequencing combined with copy number characteristics to identify the types of tumor cells in microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods:
To characterize the somatic copy number alteration (SCNA) of MSS CRC in a single cell profile, we analyzed 26 tissue samples from 19 Korean patients (GSE132465, the Samsung Medical Center [SMC] dataset) and then verified our findings with 15 tissue samples from five Belgian patients (GSE144735, the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven 3 [KUL3] dataset). The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort, GSE39582 cohort, and National Cancer Center (NCC) cohort (24 MSS CRC patients were enrolled in this study between March 2017 and October 2017) were used to validate the clinical features of prognostic signatures.

Results:
We employed single cell RNA-sequencing data to identify three types of tumor cells in MSS CRC by their SCNA characteristics. Among these three types of tumor cells, C1 and C3 had a higher SCNA burden; C1 had significant chromosome 13 and 20 amplification, whereas C3 was the polar opposite of C1, which exhibited deletion in chromosome 13 and 20. The three types of tumor cells exhibited various functions in the tumor microenvironment and harbored different mutations. C1 and C2 were linked to the immune response and hypoxia, respectively, while C3 was critical for cell adhesion activity and tumor angiogenesis. Additionally, one gene (OLFM4) is identified as epithelium-specific biomarker of better prognosis of CRC (TCGA cohort: P = 0.0110; GSE39582 cohort: P = 0.0098; NCC cohort: P = 0.0360).

Conclusions:
On the basis of copy number characteristics, we illustrated tumor heterogeneity in MSS CRC and identified three types of tumor cells with distinct roles in tumor microenvironment. By understanding heterogeneity in the intricate tumor microenvironment, we gained an insight into the mechanisms of tumor evolution, which may support the development of therapeutic strategies.
Progress in blood biomarkers of subjective cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Yu Xianfeng , Shao Kai , Wan Ke , Li Taoran , Li Yuxia , Zhu Xiaoqun , Han Ying 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that gradually impairs cognitive functions. Recently, there has been a conceptual shift toward AD to view the disease as a continuum. Since AD is currently incurable, effective intervention to delay or prevent pathological cognitive decline may best target the early stages of symptomatic disease, such as subjective cognitive decline (SCD), in which cognitive function remains relatively intact. Diagnostic methods for identifying AD, such as cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and positron emission tomography, are invasive and expensive. Therefore, it is imperative to develop blood biomarkers that are sensitive, less invasive, easier to access, and more cost effective for AD diagnosis. This review aimed to summarize the current data on whether individuals with SCD differ reliably and effectively in subjective and objective performances compared to cognitively normal elderly individuals, and to find one or more convenient and accessible blood biomarkers so that researchers can identify SCD patients with preclinical AD in the population as soon as possible. Owing to the heterogeneity and complicated pathogenesis of AD, it is difficult to make reliable diagnoses using only a single blood marker. This review provides an overview of the progress achieved to date with the use of SCD blood biomarkers in patients with preclinical AD, highlighting the key areas of application and current challenges.
Emerging role of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in pregnancy-associated diseases
Authors: Fu Xiaoxiao , Li Yuling , Zhang Zhen , Wang Bin , Wei Ran , Chu Chu , Xu Ke , Li Lihua , Liu Yonglin , Li Xia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Accumulating studies have demonstrated that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), functioning as important regulators of transcription and translation, are involved in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, especially the maternal immune adaptation process. The endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), trophoblast cells, and decidua immune cells that reside at the maternal–fetal interface are thought to play significant roles in normal pregnancy and pregnancy-associated diseases. Here, we reviewed the up-to-date evidence on how microRNA, long non-coding RNA, and circular RNA regulate ESCs, trophoblast cells, and immune cells and discussed the potential applications of these ncRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic markers in pregnancy complications.