bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entanglement structure of quantum fields through local probes
Authors: de S. L. Torres Bruno , Wurtz Kelly , Polo-Gómez José , Martín-Martínez Eduardo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We present a framework to study the entanglement structure of a quantum field theory inspired by the formalism of particle detectors in relativistic quantum information. This framework can in principle be used to faithfully capture entanglement in a QFT between arbitrary-shaped regions of spacetime without encountering UV divergences, bypassing many of the issues typically present in other approaches. Our results also establish the limits of the efficiency of entanglement harvesting, and may also be used to motivate an operational definition of entanglement between spacetime subregions in field theory.
GKZ hypergeometric systems of the three-loop vacuum Feynman integrals
Authors: Zhang Hai-Bin , Feng Tai-Fu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We present the Gel’fand-Kapranov-Zelevinsky (GKZ) hypergeometric systems of the Feynman integrals of the three-loop vacuum diagrams with arbitrary masses, basing on Mellin-Barnes representations and Miller’s transformation. The codimension of derived GKZ hypergeometric systems equals the number of independent dimensionless ratios among the virtual masses squared. Through GKZ hypergeometric systems, the analytical hypergeometric series solutions can be obtained in neighborhoods of origin including infinity. The linear independent hypergeometric series solutions whose convergent regions have non-empty intersection can constitute a fundamental solution system in a proper subset of the whole parameter space. The analytical expression of the vacuum integral can be formulated as a linear combination of the corresponding fundamental solution system in certain convergent region.
Increased Fusobacterium tumoural abundance affects immunogenicity in mucinous colorectal cancer and may be associated with improved clinical outcome
Authors: Duggan William P. , Salvucci Manuela , Kisakol Batuhan , Lindner Andreas U. , Reynolds Ian S. , Dussmann Heiko , Fay Joanna , O’Grady Tony , Longley Daniel B. , Ginty Fiona , Mc Donough Elizabeth , Slade Daniel J. , Burke John P. , Prehn Jochen H. M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
There is currently an urgent need to identify factors predictive of immunogenicity in colorectal cancer (CRC). Mucinous CRC is a distinct histological subtype of CRC, associated with a poor response to chemotherapy. Recent evidence suggests the commensal facultative anaerobe Fusobacterium may be especially prevalent in mucinous CRC. The objectives of this study were to assess the association of Fusobacterium abundance with immune cell composition and prognosis in mucinous CRC. Our study included two independent colorectal cancer patient cohorts, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort, and a cohort of rectal cancers from the Beaumont RCSI Cancer Centre (BRCC). Multiplexed immunofluorescence staining of a tumour microarray (TMA) from the BRCC cohort was undertaken using Cell DIVE technology. Our cohorts included 87 cases (13.3%) of mucinous and 565 cases (86.7%) of non-mucinous CRC. Mucinous CRC in the TCGA dataset was associated with an increased proportion of CD8 + lymphocytes (p = 0.018), regulatory T-cells (p = 0.001) and M2 macrophages (p = 0.001). In the BRCC cohort, mucinous RC was associated with enhanced CD8 + lymphocyte (p = 0.022), regulatory T-cell (p = 0.047), and B-cell (p = 0.025) counts. High Fusobacterium abundance was associated with an increased proportion of CD4 + lymphocytes (p = 0.031) and M1 macrophages (p = 0.006), whilst M2 macrophages (p = 0.043) were under-represented in this cohort. Patients with increased Fusobacterium relative abundance in our mucinous CRC TCGA cohort tended to have better clinical outcomes (DSS: likelihood ratio p = 0.04, logrank p = 0.052). Fusobacterium abundance may be associated with improved outcomes in mucinous CRC, possibly due to a modulatory effect on the host immune response.

Key messages
• Increased Fusobacterium relative abundance was not found to be associated with microsatellite instability in mucinous CRC.
• Increased Fusobacterium relative abundance was associated with an M2/M1 macrophage switch, which is especially significant in mucinous CRC, where M2 macrophages are overexpressed.
• Increased Fusobacterium relative abundance was associated with a significant improvement in disease specific survival in mucinous CRC.
• Our findings were validated at a protein level within our own in house mucinous and non-mucinous rectal cancer cohorts.
Testing the applicability of Watson’s Green Revolution concept in first millennium ce Central Asia
Authors: Mir-Makhamad Basira , Spengler Robert N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDrawing on archaeobotanical evidence from the central regions of Central Asia, we explore crop diffusion during the first millennium ce. We present a comprehensive summary of archaeobotanical data retrieved from this region dating to this period in order to better understand cultural drivers pushing agricultural intensification and crop diversification. We use these data to evaluate the applicability of Watson’s concept of a Medieval Green Revolution. Despite ecological limits to cultivation of most of Watson’s crops in much of Central Asia, some of these crops, particularly Gossypium arboretum/herbaceum (cotton) and Oryza sativa (rice), are prominent in the region today. In both cases there is now good archaeobotanical evidence showing that they were cultivated prior to the Islamic conquests in Central Asia. Moreover, the occurrence of several crops – Solanum melongena (eggplant), Ficus carica (fig), Morus alba/nigra (mulberry), and two spices – Rhus coriaria (sumac) and Coriandrum sativum (coriander) – have first been observed in phases dated to the 19th century ce. There is reason to believe that elaborate irrigation systems and seasonal rotation cycles were already in place in this region prior to the development of a centralized Arabic and Islamic government and are likely tied to urbanization in the first half of the first millennium ce. We suggest that most of the trappings of Watson’s model were present prior to this, but, as Watson’s thesis is multifaceted their presence alone does not nullify the model. Additionally, the ecological and cultural diversity of Central Asia means that a proper evaluation of Watson’s model requires a regionally specific examination.
Experimental analysis of droplet coalescence and transport mechanisms on a single vertical fiber
Authors: Schwarzwälder Alexander , Meyer Jörg , Dittler Achim 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn mist filtration, fiber-based coalescers are an established form of filtering droplets contained in mist. The filtration process can be divided into different process steps, describing the impact of the droplets on fibers, the formation of fluid structures and the liquid transport. In order to investigate mechanisms inside depth filters on a microscopic level, investigations are often reduced to single fibers. In this work, the coalescence and transport mechanisms of axially distributed water droplets on a vertical fiber, subjected to gravity, are reported. This is done with the latest high-speed camera technology commercially available. Automated tracking of droplets is used for a frame-by-frame investigation of droplet position, size, and oscillation. Coalescence mechanisms describe the process of fluid formation. The first observed coalescence mechanism is identified by the coalescence of droplets contained in mist with an adhering droplet at the fiber. The second coalescence mechanism describes the coalescence of two closely spaced sessile droplets on a fiber. As a result, the newly formed droplet oscillates and can begin to drain. Furthermore, the coalescence process of a draining and sessile droplet is reported. Both the draining droplet and the second droplet involved in the coalescence event can be subject to oscillation. The given temporal high-resolution information about the droplet position and deformation improves the understanding of droplet coalescence on fibers and by that also its influence on transport processes and therefore droplet drainage. Observed transport mechanisms which take part in the drainage process are gravitational draining, droplet bouncing, and droplet sweeping.
Effect of muscle fibre types and carnosine levels on the expression of carnosine-related genes in pig skeletal muscle
Authors: Kalbe Claudia , Metzger Katharina , Gariépy Claude , Palin Marie-France 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt is generally accepted that carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) content is higher in glycolytic than in oxidative muscle fibres, but the underlying mechanisms responsible for this difference remain to be elucidated. A first study to better understand potential mechanisms involved was undertaken (1) to determine whether differences in the expression of carnosine-related enzymes (CARNS1, CNDP2) and transporters (SLC6A6, SLC15A3, SLC15A4, SLC36A1) exist between oxidative and glycolytic myofibres and (2) to study the effect of carnosine on myoblast proliferative growth and on carnosine-related gene expression in cultured myoblasts isolated from glycolytic and oxidative muscles. Immunohistochemistry analyses were conducted to determine the cellular localization of carnosine-related proteins. Laser-capture microdissection and qPCR analyses were performed to measure the expression of carnosine-related genes in different myofibres isolated from the longissimus dorsi muscle of ten crossbred pigs. Myogenic cells originating from glycolytic and oxidative muscles were cultured to assess the effect of carnosine (0, 10, 25 and 50 mM) on their proliferative growth and on carnosine-related gene expression. The mRNA abundance of CNDP2 and of the studied carnosine transporters was higher in oxidative than in glycolytic myofibres. Since carnosine synthase (CARNS1) mRNA abundance was not affected by either the fibre type or the addition of carnosine to myoblasts, its transcriptional regulation would not be the main process by which carnosine content differences are determined in oxidative and glycolytic muscles. The addition of carnosine to myoblasts leading to a dose-dependent increase in SLC15A3 transcripts, however, suggests a role for this transporter in carnosine uptake and/or efflux to maintain cellular homeostasis.
Regional transplant rates depend more on physician-dependent variables than on proximity to transplant center
Authors: Payani Elnaz , Börner Nikolaus , Kolliogiannis Dionysios , Brunner Stefan , Klein Ingo , Ehmer Ursula , Denk Gerald , Lange Christian M. , Ograja Klaudja , Dietrich Peter , Werner Jens , Guba Markus 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeThe objective of this work was to uncover inequalities in access to liver transplantation in Bavaria, Germany.MethodsFor this purpose, the annual transplantation rate per 1 million inhabitants for the respective districts was determined from the aggregated postal codes of the place of residence of transplanted patients. The variables examined were proximity and travel time to the nearest transplant center, as well as the care category of the regional hospital. In addition, we assessed whether the head of gastroenterology at the regional hospital through which liver transplant candidates are referred was trained at a liver transplant center.ResultsWe could not demonstrate a direct relationship between proximity or travel time to the nearest transplant center and access to liver transplantation. Multivariate regression analysis shows that liver transplant training (p < 0.0001) of the chief physician (gastroenterologist) of the regional hospital was the most decisive independent factor for access to liver transplantation within a district.ConclusionWe show that the transplant training experience of the head of gastroenterology at a regional hospital is an independent factor for the regional transplantation rate. Therefore, it appears important to maintain some liver transplant expertise outside the transplant centers in order to properly identify and assign potential transplant candidates for transplantation.
Prototype generation method using a growing self-organizing map applied to the banking sector
Authors: Ruiz-Moreno Sara , Núñez-Reyes Amparo , García-Cantalapiedra Adrián , Pavón Fernando 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn fields like security risk analysis, Fast Moving Consumer Goods, Internet of Things, or the banking sector, it is necessary to deal with large datasets containing a great list of variables. In these situations, the analysis becomes intricate and computationally expensive, so data reduction techniques play an important role. Prototype generation methods provide a reduced dataset with the same properties as the original. GSOMs (growing self-organizing maps) reduce the data size without the need for prefixing the number of neurons needed to represent the input space. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that the GSOM is applied for reduction and generation of prototypes, posing an advantage over their predecessors, the SOMs (self-organizing maps), which do not have the automatic growth feature. This work addresses the use of a GSOM to reduce the number of prototypes to use in a 1-NN (1 nearest neighbor) classifier. The proposed methodology is applied to an income dataset for testing and a large bank dataset that contain classifications into two different groups. The 1-NN classifier is used to obtain predictions using the nodes of the GSOM as prototypes. This article demonstrates that GSOMs save a significant amount of time in obtaining nearly the same validation results as SOMs by comparing the classifications obtained in the bank dataset. The results show data reductions of more than 99%, and accuracies greater than 80% for the income dataset and 74% for the bank dataset.
Identifying risk management challenges in laboratories
Authors: Tziakou Evdoxia , Fragkaki Argyro G. , Platis Agapios Ν. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOver the years, risk management gains significant importance in laboratories of every kind. The safety of workers, the accuracy and reliability of laboratory results, issues of financial sustainability as well as the protection of the environment play an important role in decision-making in both industry and services. In order a laboratory to be considered as reliable, safe, and therefore competitive, it is recommended to comply with the requirements of international standards and other regulatory documents as well as to use tools and risk management procedures. In this paper, information is summarized concerning the terms “risk” and “risk management” which are then approached through the latest ISO 9001, ISO/IEC 17025, and ISO 14001 standards. The process of risk management based on the ISO 31000 standard is described, the options for treatment and the techniques that can be applied in the risk management process based on the latest ISO 31010 standard are grouped and indicated. Additionally, information from the literature is referred to the reasons that led the laboratories to integrate in their quality system risk management techniques, the most common mistakes that occur in the various phases of laboratory tests, their causes, their consequences as well as the proposed treatments. The aim of this work is to highlight significant challenges concerning the need to implement management procedures in the daily routine, to warn, raise awareness and inform about existing ways of risk management that can be implemented, methodologically and technically, to laboratories, under internationally recognized and updated standards.
Biogeography of the theileriosis vector, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus under current and future climate scenarios of Zimbabwe
Authors: Nemaungwe Tinotenda M. , van Dalen Ellie M. S. P. , Waniwa Emily O. , Makaya Pious V. , Chikowore Gerald , Chidawanyika Frank 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClimate directly influences the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases at various spatial and temporal scales. Following the recent increased incidences of theileriosis in Zimbabwe, a disease mainly transmitted by Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, we determined lethal temperatures for the species and current and possible future distribution using the machine learning algorithm ‘Maxent’. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus larvae had an upper lethal temperature (ULT50) of about 44 ± 0.5 °C and this was marginally higher for nymphs and adults at 46 ± 0.5 °C. Environmental temperatures recorded in selected zonal tick microhabitats were below the determined lethal limits, indicating the ability of the tick to survive these regions. The resultant model under current climatic conditions showed areas with high suitability indices to the eastern, northeastern and southeastern parts of the country, mainly in Masvingo, Manicaland and Mashonaland Central provinces. Future predictions as determined by 2050 climatic conditions indicate a reduction in suitable habitats with the tick receding to presently cooler high elevation areas such as the eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe and a few isolated pockets in the interior of the country. Lowveld areas show low suitability under current climatic conditions and are expected to remain unsuitable in future. Overall, the study shows that R. appendiculatus distribution is constrained by climatic factors and helps identify areas of where occurrence of the species and the disease it transmits is highly likely. This will assist in optimizing disease surveillance and vector management strategies targeted at the species.
Managing Screen Use in the Under-Fives: Recommendations for Parenting Intervention Development
Authors: Morawska Alina , Mitchell Amy E. , Tooth Leigh R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe impact of excessive screen use on children’s health and development is a public health concern and many countries have published recommendations to limit and guide the use of screen media in childhood. Despite this, international studies report that the majority of parents and children do not adhere to screen use recommendations. Existing research aiming to understand children’ screen use has largely focused on older children, and on demographic and structural aspects of the child’s environment. Parents play a central role in determining young children’s screen use and identify numerous barriers to developing healthy screen use practices with their children. However, no clear models exist that incorporate key parenting factors in understanding children’s screen use, which presents an impediment to intervention development. Likewise, while some evidence exists for interventions to improve children’s screen use behaviours, most are focused on older children and parental involvement has generally been limited. In this paper, we overview key factors associated with screen use in young children (< 5 years) and summarise the existing evidence base for interventions designed to support healthy screen use. This paper proposes a conceptual model linking aspects of parenting and the socio-ecological environment to young children’s screen use. Our proposed model could be used to design longitudinal studies of screen use predictors and outcomes, and inform intervention development. Finally, the paper provides key recommendations for future research, intervention development and testing.
GLISp-r: a preference-based optimization algorithm with convergence guarantees
Authors: Previtali Davide , Mazzoleni Mirko , Ferramosca Antonio , Previdi Fabio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPreference-based optimization algorithms are iterative procedures that seek the optimal calibration of a decision vector based only on comparisons between couples of different tunings. At each iteration, a human decision-maker expresses a preference between two calibrations (samples), highlighting which one, if any, is better than the other. The optimization procedure must use the observed preferences to find the tuning of the decision vector that is most preferred by the decision-maker, while also minimizing the number of comparisons. In this work, we formulate the preference-based optimization problem from a utility theory perspective. Then, we propose , an extension of a recent preference-based optimization procedure called . The latter uses a Radial Basis Function surrogate to describe the tastes of the decision-maker. Iteratively, proposes new samples to compare with the best calibration available by trading off exploitation of the surrogate model and exploration of the decision space. In , we propose a different criterion to use when looking for new candidate samples that is inspired by , a popular procedure in the black-box optimization framework. Compared to , is less likely to get stuck on local optima of the preference-based optimization problem. We motivate this claim theoretically, with a proof of global convergence, and empirically, by comparing the performances of and on several benchmark optimization problems.
Does climate-smart agriculture improve household income and food security? Evidence from Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Belay Abrham , Mirzabaev Alisher , Recha John W. , Oludhe Christopher , Osano Philip M. , Berhane Zerihun , Olaka Lydia A. , Tegegne Yitagesu T. , Demissie Teferi , Mutsami Chrispinus , Solomon Dawit 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClimate change threatens African countries’ economic development and affects agriculture and food security. Ethiopia is especially vulnerable to the negative effects of climate change because its economy is dependent on climate-sensitive livelihoods that have limited potential for adaptation. Emerging evidence indicates that climate-smart agriculture (CSA) can help smallholder farmers adapt to climate change and increase agricultural productivity, thereby enhancing household income and food security. In the study area, different CSA practices have been adopted to mitigate the negative effects of climate change and improve agricultural productivity, income, and food security. Therefore, this study examines the impact of CSA practices on household income and food security in southern Ethiopia. A total of 385 households were selected using multistage sampling. Primary and secondary data were used, and propensity score matching with different types of matching algorithms, such as nearest neighbor, kernel, and radius matching, was employed to quantify the conditional impacts of CSA intervention on farm income and food security. In comparison with non adopters farmers that have adopted CSA practices had a higher food consumption score between 6.27 and 8.15, which was statistically significant at the 1% level. Overall, 34.55% of interviewed households had acceptable food consumption scores, 44.68% had borderline, and 20.77% had poor food consumption scores. Furthermore, households that adopted CSA practices had a 20.30% higher average annual farm income per hectare than non-adopters. The study suggests that effective extension services, accurate climate information, and sound policy support are required to promote and scale up CSA measures in the study area to improve farmers’ adaptive capacity, farm income, and food security.