bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S-531011, a Novel Anti-Human CCR8 Antibody, Induces Potent Antitumor Responses through Depletion of Tumor-Infiltrating CCR8-Expressing Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Nagira Yoji , Nagira Morio , Nagai Ryohei , Nogami Wataru , Hirata Michinari , Ueyama Azumi , Yoshida Tetsuya , Yoshikawa Mai , Shinonome Satomi , Yoshida Hiroshi , Haruna Miya , Miwa Hiroto , Chatani Natsumi , Ohkura Naganari , Wada Hisashi , Tanaka Hidekazu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Although regulatory T cells (Treg) are inhibitory immune cells that are essential for maintaining immune homeostasis, Tregs that infiltrate tumor tissue promote tumor growth by suppressing antitumor immunity. Selective reduction of tumor-infiltrating Tregs is, therefore, expected to activate antitumor immunity without affecting immune homeostasis. We previously reported that selective Treg depletion targeted by a C-C motif chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8) resulted in induction of strong antitumor immunity without any obvious autoimmunity in mouse models. Thus, herein, we developed a novel humanized anti-CCR8 monoclonal antibody, S-531011, aimed as a cancer immunotherapy strategy for patients with cancer. S-531011 exclusively recognized human CCR8 among all chemokine receptors and showed potent antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity activity toward CCR8+ cells and neutralization activity against CCR8-mediated signaling. We observed that S-531011 reduced tumor-infiltrating CCR8+ Tregs and induced potent antitumor activity in a tumor-bearing human-CCR8 knock-in mouse model. Moreover, combination therapy with S-531011 and anti-mouse programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody strongly suppressed tumor growth compared with anti–PD-1 antibody alone with no observable adverse effects. S-531011 also depleted human tumor-infiltrating Tregs, but not Tregs derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These results suggest that S-531011 is a promising drug for inducing antitumor immunity without severe side effects in the clinical setting.
Sodium‐Glucose Cotransporter‐2 Inhibitors After Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Population‐Based Investigation
Authors: Kwon Osung , Myong Jun‐Pyo , Lee Yunhee , Choi Yeon‐Jik , Yi Jeong Eun , Seo Suk Min , Jang Sung‐Won , Kim Pum Joon , Lee Jung‐Min 
Published: July 2023

Background
Whether the early use of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have cardioprotective effects following acute myocardial infarction is unknown. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the association between the early initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors and cardiac event rates in patients with diabetes with acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods and Results

Based on the National Health Insurance claims data in South Korea, patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction between 2014 and 2018 were analyzed. Patients given SGLT2 inhibitors or other glucose‐lowering drugs were matched based on a propensity score. The primary end point was a composite of all‐cause mortality and hospitalizations for heart failure. Major adverse cardiac events (a composite of all‐cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke) were compared as the secondary end point. After 1:2 propensity score matching, the SGLT2 inhibitors group (938 patients) and the no use of SGLT2 inhibitors group (1876 patients) were compared. During a median follow‐up of 2.1 years, the early use of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with lower risks of both the primary end point (9.8% versus 13.9%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.68 [95% CI, 0.54–0.87];
P
=0.002) and secondary end point (9.1% versus 11.6%; adjusted HR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.60–0.99];
P
=0.04). All‐cause mortality and hospitalizations for heart failure were also significantly lower in early users of SGLT2 inhibitors.

Conclusions
The early use of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with diabetes treated with percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction was associated with a significantly lower risk of cardiovascular events, including all‐cause mortality, hospitalizations for heart failure, and major adverse cardiac events.
Adenosine A
2A
Receptor Regulates microRNA‐181b Expression in Aorta: Therapeutic Implications for Large‐Artery Stiffness
Authors: Akiyoshi Kei , Fujimori Tomonari , Fu Xiuping , Shah Aparna P. , Yamaguchi Atsushi , Steenbergen Charles , Santhanam Lakshmi , Berkowitz Dan , Tuday Eric , Baraban Jay M. , Das Samarjit 
Published: July 2023

Background
The identification of large‐artery stiffness as a major, independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease–associated morbidity and death has focused attention on identifying therapeutic strategies to combat this disorder. Genetic manipulations that delete or inactivate the translin/trax microRNA‐degrading enzyme confer protection against aortic stiffness induced by chronic ingestion of high‐salt water (4%NaCl in drinking water for 3 weeks) or associated with aging. Therefore, there is heightened interest in identifying interventions capable of inhibiting translin/trax RNase activity, as these may have therapeutic efficacy in large‐artery stiffness.

Methods and Results

Activation of neuronal adenosine A
2A
receptors (A
2A
Rs) triggers dissociation of trax from its C‐terminus. As A
2A
Rs are expressed by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), we investigated whether stimulation of A
2A
R on vascular smooth muscle cells promotes the association of translin with trax and, thereby increases translin/trax complex activity. We found that treatment of A7r5 cells with the A
2A
R agonist CGS21680 leads to increased association of trax with translin. Furthermore, this treatment decreases levels of pre‐microRNA‐181b, a target of translin/trax, and those of its downstream product, mature microRNA‐181b. To check whether A
2A
R activation might contribute to high‐salt water–induced aortic stiffening, we assessed the impact of daily treatment with the selective A
2A
R antagonist SCH58261 in this paradigm. We found that this treatment blocked aortic stiffening induced by high‐salt water. Further, we confirmed that the age‐associated decline in aortic pre‐microRNA‐181b/microRNA‐181b levels observed in mice also occurs in humans.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that further studies are warranted to evaluate whether blockade of A
2A
Rs may have therapeutic potential in treating large‐artery stiffness.
Co‐Occurrence of Social Risk Factors and Associated Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Savitz Samuel T. , Chamberlain Alanna M. , Dunlay Shannon , Manemann Sheila M. , Weston Susan A. , Kurani Shaheen , Roger Véronique L. 
Published: July 2023

Background
Among patients with heart failure (HF), social risk factors (SRFs) are associated with poor outcomes. However, less is known about how co‐occurrence of SRFs affect all‐cause health care utilization for patients with HF. The objective was to address this gap using a novel approach to classify co‐occurrence of SRFs.

Methods and Results
This was a cohort study of residents living in an 11‐county region of southeast Minnesota, aged ≥18 years with a first‐ever diagnosis for HF between January 2013 and June 2017. SRFs, including education, health literacy, social isolation, and race and ethnicity, were obtained via surveys. Area‐deprivation index and rural‐urban commuting area codes were determined from patient addresses. Associations between SRFs and outcomes (emergency department visits and hospitalizations) were assessed using Andersen‐Gill models. Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of SRFs; associations with outcomes were examined. A total of 3142 patients with HF (mean age, 73.4 years; 45% women) had SRF data available. The SRFs with the strongest association with hospitalizations were education, social isolation, and area‐deprivation index. We identified 4 groups using latent class analysis, with group 3, characterized by more SRFs, at increased risk of emergency department visits (hazard ratio [HR], 1.33 [95% CI, 1.23–1.45]) and hospitalizations (HR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.28–1.58]).

Conclusions
Low educational attainment, high social isolation, and high area‐deprivation index had the strongest associations. We identified meaningful subgroups with respect to SRFs, and these subgroups were associated with outcomes. These findings suggest that it is possible to apply latent class analysis to better understand the co‐occurrence of SRFs among patients with HF.
Myocardial Infarction Across COVID‐19 Pandemic Phases: Insights From the Veterans Health Affairs System
Authors: Yong Celina M. , Graham Laura , Beyene Tariku J. , Sadri Shirin , Hong Juliette , Burdon Tom , Fearon William F. , Asch Steven M. , Turakhia Mintu , Heidenreich Paul 
Published: July 2023

Background
Cardiovascular procedural treatments were deferred at scale during the COVID‐19 pandemic, with unclear impact on patients presenting with non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

Methods and Results

In a retrospective cohort study of all patients diagnosed with NSTEMI in the US Veterans Affairs Healthcare System from January 1, 2019 to October 30, 2022 (n=67 125), procedural treatments and outcomes were compared between the prepandemic period and 6 unique pandemic phases: (1) acute phase, (2) community spread, (3) first peak, (4) post vaccine, (5) second peak, and (6) recovery. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to assess the association between pandemic phases and 30‐day mortality. NSTEMI volumes dropped significantly with the pandemic onset (62.7% of prepandemic peak) and did not revert to prepandemic levels in subsequent phases, even after vaccine availability. Percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting volumes declined proportionally. Compared with the prepandemic period, patients with NSTEMI experienced higher 30‐day mortality during Phases 2 and 3, even after adjustment for COVID‐19‐positive status, demographics, baseline comorbidities, and receipt of procedural treatment (adjusted odds ratio for Phases 2 and 3 combined, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.13–1.43],
P
<0.01). Patients receiving Veterans Affairs‐paid community care had a higher adjusted risk of 30‐day mortality compared with those at Veterans Affairs hospitals across all 6 pandemic phases.

Conclusions
Higher mortality after NSTEMI occurred during the initial spread and first peak of the pandemic but resolved before the second, higher peak—suggesting effective adaptation of care delivery but a costly delay to implementation. Investigation into the vulnerabilities of the early pandemic spread are vital to informing future resource‐constrained practices.
Contribution of Conventional Cardiovascular Risk Factors to Brain White Matter Hyperintensities
Authors: Koohi Fatemeh , Harshfield Eric L. , Markus Hugh S. 
Published: July 2023

Background
White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are a major risk factor for stroke and dementia, but their pathogenesis is incompletely understood. It has been debated how much risk is accounted for by conventional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), and this has major implications as to how effective a preventative strategy targeting these risk factors will be.

Methods and Results
We included 41 626 UK Biobank participants (47.2% men), with a mean age of 55 years (SD, 7.5 years), who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging at the first imaging assessment beginning in 2014. The relationships among CVRFs, cardiovascular conditions, and WMH volume as a percentage of total brain volume were examined using correlations and structural equation models. Only 32% of the variance in WMH volume was explained by measures of CVRFs, sex, and age, of which age accounted for 16%. CVRFs combined accounted for ≈15% of the variance. However, a large portion of the variance (well over 60%) remains unexplained. Of the individual CVRFs, blood pressure parameters together accounted for ≈10.5% of the total variance (diagnosis of hypertension, 4.4%; systolic blood pressure, 4.4%; and diastolic blood pressure, 1.7%). The variance explained by most individual CVRFs declined with age.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest the presence of other vascular and nonvascular factors underlying the development of WMHs. Although they emphasize the importance of modification of conventional CVRFs, particularly hypertension, they highlight the need to better understand risk factors underlying the considerable unexplained variance in WMHs if we are to develop better preventative approaches.
Impact of a Digital Strategy Team in an Academic Stroke Journal: 1 Year in Review
Authors: Siegler James E. , Albin Catherin , Jones Erica , Schluntz Anamarie , Schultz Jonathan , Jadhav Ashutosh P. 
Published: July 2023

Background

The social media platform Twitter has increasingly been leveraged to disseminate clinical and academic content, including scientific research. Launched in November 2021 as an exclusively online open access journal, the
Stroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology
journal was not indexed on PubMed for its first year of publication. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the journal's Twitter presence by tracking social media posts and article metrics over the first year since the journal's inception.

Methods
Measures of Twitter influence from the @SVINJournal account were associated with the academic impact of articles published in the associated journal during the first 13 months of the journal's publication record. Descriptive statistics and the Pearson correlation coefficient were used to quantify measures of association, with the primary outcome being unique article requests (downloads).

Results

There were 174 unique articles published during the study period, with 367 unique tweets. Articles referenced in tweets from @SVINJournal had nearly twice as many requests as articles without tweets (median 967 [interquartile range, 683–1357] versus 497 [interquartile range, 331–711];
P
<0.01), with a mild correlation between number of tweets and article requests when @SVINJournal cited the article in tweets (
r
=0.20;
P
=0.009). There was a fair correlation between article request counts and any Twitter mentions (
r
=0.41;
P
<0.001), and a poor correlation between article requests and altmetric score (
r
=0.15;
P
=0.04). There was a small correlation between the number of citations and number of tweets from @SVINJournal (
r
=0.21;
P
=0.006).

Conclusions
There was a statistically significant, but small, association between tweets and article requests as well as citations. Highly tweeted articles had a higher number of citations. In the absence of PubMed indexing and print distribution, social media platforms can have an impact in promoting peer‐reviewed content and may increase content access and citations.
Leveraging “Enabling Power” Through Awarding in Global Climate Governance: Catalytic Impacts of UNFCCC’s Global Climate Action Award
Authors: Teunissen Aron , Chan Sander 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Successful nonstate climate actions can scale up their efforts and/or have their approaches replicated by others. To strengthen these “catalytic impacts” and their contribution to global mitigation and adaptation efforts, multiple international awarding mechanisms have been established, including Momentum for Change, launched by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). To assess the actual value of awarding mechanisms for fostering catalytic impacts among nonstate climate actions, this article identifies drivers and barriers for catalytic impacts and the extent to which Momentum for Change addresses them, using the concept of enabling power. Research results indicate that only a selective range of drivers and barriers for catalytic impact is actually addressed through Momentum for Change, which mainly strengthens reputation as a driver. Overall, the study demonstrates that the enabling power of Momentum for Change relies on the legitimacy of the UNFCCC in climate governance. However, the extent to which awarding mechanisms help foster catalytic impact is also dependent on an initiative’s individual context, which may affect its ability to capitalize on reputational benefits.
What makes the palliative care initial encounter meaningful? A descriptive study with patients with cancer, family carers and palliative care professionals
Authors: Goni-Fuste Blanca , Pergolizzi Denise , Monforte-Royo Cristina , Julià-Torras Joaquim , Rodríguez-Prat Andrea , Crespo Iris 
Published: July 2023

Background: The palliative care initial encounter can have a positive impact on the quality of life of patients and family carers if it proves to be a meaningful experience. A better understanding of what makes the encounter meaningful would reinforce the provision of person-centred, quality palliative care. Aim: To explore the expectations that patients with cancer, family carers and palliative care professionals have of this initial encounter. Design: Qualitative descriptive study with content analysis of transcripts from 60 semi-structured interviews. Setting/participants: Twenty patients with cancer, 20 family carers and 20 palliative care professionals from 10 institutions across Spain. Results: Four themes were developed from the analysis of interviews: (1) the initial encounter as an opportunity to understand what palliative care entails; (2) individualised care; (3) professional commitment to the patient and family carers: present and future; and (4) acknowledgement. Conclusion: The initial encounter becomes meaningful when it facilitates a shared understanding of what palliative care entails and acknowledgement of the needs and/or roles of patients with cancer, family carers and professionals. Further studies are required to explore how a perception of acknowledgement may best be fostered in the initial encounter.
Changes in lifestyle-related behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: a questionnaire survey for examinees who underwent an annual health check-up
Authors: Kishimoto Miyako , Masuko Kayo , Yamamoto Sumie , Fujita Retsu , Nakamura Shoko , Odawara Masato , Zeniya Mikio 
Published: July 2023

Objective To investigate the effect of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on lifestyle behaviour and clinical data in a population who underwent an annual health check-up in Tokyo, Japan. Methods A self-report questionnaire was completed regarding changes in their physical activities, diet, alcohol intake, smoking and mental stress. For those recommended to undergo further examination or treatment, their intention to do so was also questioned. The clinical results of the check-ups across three different periods (before and during the pandemic and survey period) were statistically compared. Results During the survey period, 838 examinees responded. While physical activities decreased due to teleworking, changes in food intake and dietary patterns were varied. Furthermore, changes in mental stress were also diverse. As for the intention to undergo further clinical examination or treatment, 23.5% answered that they thought they would wait until the government lifted the state of emergency or the pandemic subsided. Compared with before the pandemic, diastolic blood pressure, liver function, kidney function and bone density tended to deteriorate. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic affected the lifestyle of the current study population. To prepare for future outbreaks, real-world information should be collected and shared so that effective measures for health promotion can be developed.
Assessment of sensory impairment of the upper limb post-stroke by occupational therapists within the acute setting: A mixed methods study exploring current clinical practice
Authors: Byrne Danielle , Cahill Liana S. , Barr Christopher , George Stacey 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Sensory impairment of the upper limb is common after stroke and negatively impacts a stroke survivor’s recovery. The acute phase is a critical time for the identification of post-stroke somatosensory impairments and occupational therapists have a key role in the acute stroke setting. Sensory assessment and treatment practices of occupational therapists working in acute stroke settings are largely unknown. This study aims to describe current clinical practice and identify the barriers and enablers for the assessment of sensory impairment in patients post stroke within acute stroke units. Method: A mixed-methods approach was utilised, with an Australian national cross-sectional online survey of occupational therapists ( n = 85) and state-based focus groups ( n = 2). Descriptive analyses and thematic analysis were conducted. Findings: The majority of clinicians (78%) use non-standardised measures to assess for somatosensory impairment. Three qualitative themes were identified: acute setting contextual factors, individual patient characteristics and priorities, and clinician knowledge and perceived benefits. Conclusion: Occupational therapists working within acute stroke units are aware of the importance of assessing sensory impairment of the upper limb post stroke. However, the majority use non-standardised approaches and called for a standardised quick-to-administer tool kit that is readily available in acute stroke units.
Thulium fiber laser cystolithotripsy under local anesthesia: A day care procedure
Authors: Gupta Rahul , Rahman Yaser , Mahajan Arti , Mehta Anjali 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Bladder stones account for 5% of all urolithiasis. Patients present with LUTS or acute urinary retention. Thus, warranting an early intervention. Minimally invasive approach with laser lithotripsy is the present gold standard to treat bladder stones. Aims and objectives: To evaluate the outcomes of TFL (60 W) for bladder stones performed under local anesthesia as a day-care procedure. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective single-center study conducted after obtaining IRB approval. Study period was between June 2021 and June 2022 were included. All patients were operated under local anesthesia as a day care procedure. The procedure was carried out using an 18 Fr laser sheath and calculus dusted using TFL energy (15–30 W). Parameters including operative time in minutes, complications were recorded. Patients were encouraged oral and normal voiding in the immediate post-op period. Results: A total of 47 patients with bladder stones presented during this period. Of these, 30 underwent laser lithotripsy (TFL) for bladder calculi. The clinical presentation of patients was LUTS in 28 (93%) and 5 (16%) patients had AUR. The average size of the stone in this series was 15 ± 2.8 mm. The mean duration of laser lithotripsy was 15 ± 5.4 min. Energy to dust the stone was variable with mean LASER energy of 18.23 ± 10 W. All patients tolerated the procedure well and none required conversion to conventional anesthesia. One patient failed to void in the post-op period. 100% clearance rate was documented in all patients. Conclusion: Thulium fiber laser for transurethral cystolithotripsy of bladder stones under local anesthesia is a feasible technique with minimal morbidity and good outcome.
The Life-Course Perspectives of Mexican American Men With Mobility Limitation
Authors: Harrison Tracie C. , Taylor Janiece L. , Johnson Alisha H. , Ortega Lucia C. , Lowe John , Blozis Shelley 
Published: July 2023

The life-history narratives of 10 Mexican American men with mobility limitations, age 55–77 years (mean = 63.8, SD = 5.8), were explored using a qualitatively driven, life-history mixed-methods study to understand perceptions of mobility limitations over the life course. Within that methodological and paradigmatic framework, conceptualizations of alterity and masculinity guided interpretation of data. Through an iterative, thematic analysis, we detail the way the men’s lives were influenced by growing familial responsibility with age. Quantitative data were integrated into themes of narrative inheritance, family, and masculinity. It was posited that masculinity with mobility limitations shaped and was shaped by ethnic identity and responsibility. This has implications for understanding the experience of Mexican American men over the life course.