bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language disorders in children: Complementary role of child psychiatrists and speech-language pathologists
Authors: Manohar Harshini , Meera Shoba S , Nair Deepa B , Srinath Shoba 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe high prevalence of developmental and psychiatric comorbidities in children and adolescents with language disorders calls for a multidisciplinary approach to assessment and management. More specifically, this study aimed to provide an overview of the complementary role of child psychiatrists in the assessment and management of children and adolescents with language disorders. Case vignette-based discussion has been chosen as a pedagogical methodology to highlight practical concerns during clinical practice. In language disorders, comorbidity is a rule rather than an exception. This diagnostic overlap is not limited to one-time point in development but is likely to occur across the lifespan. Understanding and teasing out complex relationships between language disorders, and neurodevelopmental and psychiatric comorbidities are an important step in assessment, diagnosis, and management. Language disorders may pose social disadvantages in developmental tasks such as peer relationships and learning difficulties. Children with language impairment may show considerable improvement with early intervention and may come in contact with the clinician later during childhood or adolescence, with concerns primarily related to comorbid disorders such as anxiety or depression and consequent decompensation in functionality. It would be prudent for clinicians to educate families about the longitudinal nature of language disorders and their cascading impact on overall developmental and mental health outcomes of the child. Professionals of various disciplines working with neurodevelopmental disorders, where the common interests related to the etiology and biological underpinnings of the interventions are the atypical development of the central nervous system, are best considered “clinical neuroscientists.” Consistent attempts over time and transcending interdisciplinary boundaries as a “clinical neuroscientist” will result in a coordinated team that places the best interest of the given child and the family as central.
Persons with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder: A case study for disability certification
Authors: Shetty Hemanth N , Raghunathrao Rangasayee 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Four clients had visited Tertiary clinic seeking a hearing disability certificate. All the clients reported reduced hearing sensitivity in both ears. Audiological evaluation and hearing aid trial were performed. In addition, the standardized hearing handicap checklist was administered on them. The audiological evaluation showed that two of them had bilateral symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) with moderate (pure-tone average [PTA]: R-42.5 and L-46.25) and moderately severe (PTA: R-61.5 and L-61.5) degree, respectively. The other two clients are diagnosed as bilateral symmetrical mild (PTA: R-38.25 and L-31.25) and moderately severe (PTA: R-61.25 and L-61.25) degree, respectively, with overlaid auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD). The severity of hearing handicap was mild to moderate for SNHL clients and severe for ANSD clients. Further, hearing aid was found to be beneficial to the two clients with SNHL, but the two ANSD clients did not get benefit from hearing aid. Irrespective of the site of the lesion, the two clients who had moderately severe sensory neural hearing loss (HL) (≥60-dB HL) in both ears availed of concessions/benefits with the disability certificate issued to them under the guidelines of the RPD Act, 2016. Though the individual with ANSD had a mild degree of HL and experienced severe handicap due to severely impaired speech perception. The hearing aid was not beneficial for the purposes of speech perception. In spite of his severe speech perception problem, the client with ANSD with mild degree of HL was not eligible to avail of benefits from the hearing disability certificate as his HL did not reach the benchmark disability of 60-dB HL or 40% under the RPwD Act, 2016. The probable conflicts of thoughts on benchmark hearing disability are discussed in the present study.
Structural model of reading comprehension ability in English for children with English as second or subsequent language
Authors: Waknis Aarti Pushkar , Sone Piyush , Santhosh Arunima , Jose Anjali , Kaur Manpreet 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Studies in India have examined the relation of rapid automatized naming (RAN), reading fluency (RF), phonological awareness (PA), spelling ability, and language ability with reading comprehension (RC) in English in children where English is taught for the purpose of education. However, the predictor variables of RC have not been explored.

Aim:
To propose a structural model for RC in English in children with mother tongue Marathi studying in English medium schools.

Materials and Methods:
Participants included 80 children with mother tongue Marathi (Grades 1 and 2) in English medium schools. A battery of test for the assessment of language, RAN, PA, RF, spelling and RC in English was administered. Smart PLS 3.0 was used for the analysis of data.

Results:
The final model proposed had loadings > 0.708, composite reliabilities > 0.7, and AVE of all constructs > 0.5. Discriminant validity of the model was ascertained as the values were less than the heterotraitmonotrait (HTMT) criteria of 0.85 for all components. 86% of variance in RC was explained by language ability (β = 0.409, P < 0.001) and RF (β = 0.453, P < 0.001), when RF was mediated by RAN-letter (β = 0.348, P < 0.001), and PA (β = 0.384, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The structural model proposed in the study is reliable and valid. Language ability and RF have significant influence on RC, and RAN-letter and PA have a significant mediating role in the relationship between RF and RC. Thus, RC in English can be improved if language and RF are developed, and RF can be improved by enhancing RAN-letter speed, and PA skills in these children.
Preparation, standardization, and in vitro anti-inflammatory action of Navatchara aakiranam
Authors: Muniraj Pooja , Karthigaeyan Kirutisri , Rayma Kehren R. , Parveen Aaliya , Karthigaeyan Balagurusamy 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Siddha system is a traditional system belonging to South India. An estimated 134 million Indians are thought to have chronic sinusitis, which can cause incapacitating headaches, fever, and nasal congestion and blockage, among other symptoms. Aakiranam is one among 32 types of external medicine that is therapeutically more effective due to its quicker mode of absorption. However, these traditional formulations are less validated scientifically.

Objective:
This study aims at the preparation, standardisation and evaluation of in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Navatchara aakiranam (NA), a Siddha classical Herbomineral formulation.

Materials and Methods:
Physicochemical analysis, sophisticated instrumental analysis, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray analysis, and inductively coupled plasma- optical emission spectroscopy studies, and in vitro anti-inflammatory using bovine serum albumin study were conducted on NA.

Results:
The study drug NA selected from the Siddha classical text “Gunapadam - Thathu Jeeva Vagupu” by Dr. Thiyagarajan R.L.I.M is taken for the first preliminary study as it is a potential as snuff in the treatment of sinusitis.

Conclusion:
This study validates the standardization of NA through organoleptic, biochemical, physicochemical, microbial load, and instrumental analyses.
An analytical feedback report of Siddha Yogam practice and integration perspective among the undergraduate female medical students of Tirupati
Authors: Shanmugavelan Rajalakshmi , Karunanithi Samraj , Kannaiyan Nandhagopal , Sudalaimani Radha , Krishnasamy Arunachalam , Nerella Sharvani , Kadarkarai Kanakavalli 
Published: August 2023

Background:
The application of Siddha Yogam (SY) as a healing intervention, which began early in the ancient Indian history, which has various health benefits. This is the first preliminary study to evaluate the student interest toward SY and integration.

Objective:
This study was aimed to assess: (i) modern medical students’ awareness (ii) knowledge, benefits and (iii) interest of medical students toward integration of SY in clinical practice.

Materials and Methods:
SY training was conducted for the students of Sri Padmavathi Medical College for Women, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. A total of 38 students were participated in a SY session. The training was conducted for about 2 weeks daily for a duration of 45 minutes. Feedback questionnaires were used to collect student perceptions about SY.

Results:
The result shows that out of 38 students, 37 (97.4%) were already aware of the benefits of SY, 28 (73.7%) practiced daily, 31 (81.6%) participated in the SY session regularly, 38 (100%) want to continue session in future, 38 (100%) had an interest in attending session, 15 (39.5%) found difficulty in doing SY during Yogam session, and 36 (94.7%) said that they will suggest Siddha Yogam for the patient approaching them.

Conclusion:
From the feedback data collected, it is evident that the students are interested in SY, aware of the benefits of SY, and are looking forward to an opportunity for an integrative approach in treatment strategy.
Standardization of the traditional Pudam (calcination) process used for higher-order medicine preparation in the Siddha system of medicine
Authors: Pudhur Mahendramani Indhu , Soruban Thiruvancheeswaran , Arul Dhas Sherin Nisha , Shanthirappan Sivakkumar , Ramasamy Meenakumari 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Higher-order Siddha medicines such as Parpam and Chenduram are mainly prepared by the Pudam (calcination) process. The Pudam process is measured by the number of cow dung cakes (Varatti) used for the calcination process. The commercially available cow dung cakes are in various sizes, shapes, and thicknesses. Hence to overcome these difficulties, an attempt has been made to standardize the cow dung cake used for the Pudam process.

Materials and Methods:
An aluminum ring-like mold was made with the dimensions of 30 cm diameter and 1.25 cm height as a mold for preparation of cow dung cakes. In this study, Kaadai Pudam, Kowthari Pudam, Kukkida Pudam, Varaga Pudam, Manal maraivu Pudam, and Gaja Pudam were done, and standardization of heat generation during the Pudam process is recorded by the digital thermo-sensor and validated for different types of Pudam processes by using standard size cow dung cakes. In addition, the time duration of the Pudam process, peak temperature, and the sustain of peak temperature was also noted.

Results:
The time duration of the entire Pudam process of the aforementioned pudam processes was noted as about 4 h 50 min, 6 h 20 min, 8 h 40 min, 9 h 55 min, 10 h 35 min, and 17 h 50 min, respectively.

Conclusion:
The obtained results of temperature and time duration for each variety of Pudam process may help to establish the modernized technology-based instruments to prepare higher-order Siddha calcination medicines, without compromising the standard and quality of medicines.
Drug standardization and in vitro wound healing potential of Siddha herbomineral formulation Kandhaga Ennai for diabetic ulcers
Authors: Rayma Kehren R. , Karthigeyan Kirutisri , Muniraj Pooja , Gladys Jeeva , Karthigaeyam Balagurusamy 
Published: August 2023

Background:
A serious and often expensive consequence of diabetes mellitus and diabetic foot ulcers are a major global source of death and morbidity. A diabetic patient's lifetime risk of developing a foot ulcer has been estimated to be between 19 and 34%.

Objective:
The study drug Kandhaga Ennai (KE) selected from the Siddha classical text Rasavatha Manjari by P.M. Abdullah Saayabu is taken for preliminary assessing its wound healing potential of Ranamegangal (diabetic ulcers).

Materials and Methods:
The drug is prepared as per the method mentioned in the classic Siddha literature. KE is subjected to a sophisticated instrumental analysis such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry studies, a few physicochemical analytical parameters, and in vitro preclinical studies toward wound healing assays.

Results:
The study infers that all the toxic heavy metals are within range. KE has significant antioxidant activities reducing free radicals and effective antifungal property, and promotes migration and proliferation of fibroblasts. The results indicate that the herbomineral formulation may be useful in effective management of superficial wounds.

Conclusion:
This study validates the traditional claim of KE confirming the herbomineral formulation for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and wound healing activities through in vitro methods. Additional experimental animal tests as well as clinical trials are required of this drug to treat diabetic ulcers.
A portrait of COVID-19 pandemic among pediatric patients in South India
Authors: Kumaran Keerthi , Gireeshan V. K. , Sreeraj R. , Vijayakumar M. , Babu F. C. A. 
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION:
In a report from Kerala, 7% of coronavirus disease (COVID)-positive patients were constituted by children less than 10 years old. This observational study gives a glimpse to the pattern of COVID-19 disease among the pediatric age group during the first wave of the pandemic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This observational study was conducted in a COVID hospital in Malappuram from July 2020 to March 2021. Children under 12 years old admitted to the hospital with confirmed COVID-19 infection were included in the study. The study included main symptoms, duration of symptoms, laboratory analysis and relations with severity of disease, interventions required, and follow-up details. All these details were collected using a proforma.

RESULTS:
Four hundred ninety-two patients were included in the study. A total of 51.4% of these patients were asymptomatic. Only 1.8% of children had severe disease. The mean duration for which the symptoms lasted in each child was 1.9 ± 2.8 days (P = 0.00). There was a significant association between the severity of disease and presence of comorbidities, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), liver enzymes, serum ferritin, and X-ray findings (P < 0.05). Some skin lesions were noted in a group of children during the 3 months of follow-up (2%).

CONCLUSIONS:
During the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic, most of the children had asymptomatic disease. Severe disease was more common in children with chronic comorbidities. NLR, CRP, liver enzymes, serum ferritin, and chest X-ray findings can point toward the severity of the disease. Most of the children improved without any specific treatment. Some skin lesions such as urticaria were noted in the post-COVID period.
Comparison between gynecologic oncology ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of early-stage cervical cancer: A local experience in cancer imaging
Authors: Parroco Martha Isabel Junio , Amparo Genalin F. , Coloma Leilani C. 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of gynecologic oncology ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of early-stage cervical cancer.

METHODOLOGY:
This was a prospective, cross-sectional study of patients with early-stage cervical cancer eligible for radical hysterectomy in a tertiary government institution from November 25, 2020, to August 2, 2022. Preoperative gynecologic oncology (transabdominal/transvaginal/transrectal) ultrasound and MRI measurements were obtained and compared with histopathologic findings. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and positive likelihood ratio were used to check for the diagnostic accuracy of each modality.

RESULTS:
A total of 27 patients were enrolled in the study. Four were stage IB1 (14.81%), 10 were stage IB2 (37.03%), nine were stage IB3 (33.33%), two were stage IIA1 (7.40%), and two were stage IIA2 (7.40%). Ultrasound has a comparable diagnostic accuracy with MRI to assess tumor size length, width, and height with an area under the curve of 0.789, 0.753, and 0.806, respectively. Both modalities can predict the absence of parametrial invasion and nodal involvement with a specificity of 100% and a negative predictive value of 88.89% and 81.48%, respectively. The results of the gynecologic oncology ultrasound showed good agreement with MRI.

CONCLUSION:
Ultrasound has comparable diagnostic accuracy with MRI in assessing tumor size, parametrial invasion, and nodal involvement in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. It is a good alternative imaging modality to MRI in staging cervical cancer, especially in low- to middle-income countries.
Myoinositol supplementation in the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus among high-risk pregnant women: A meta-analysis
Authors: Ong Ava Katrina Pacleb , Pacquing-Songco Debby F. 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE:The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of myoinositol (MI) supplementation in the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among high-risk patients.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Comprehensive and systemic online searches were performed on PubMed, MEDLINE, Ovid, and Cochrane. Cross-referencing from related articles was also done. Only studies published in English were included in the study. We selected all randomized controlled trials on MI and singleton pregnant women with high risk for GDM.DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:Five randomized controlled trials were evaluated by two independent reviewers. For each comparison, the quality of evidence was assessed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Cochrane Collaboration tool. Review Manager 5.3 was used to generate the risk of bias evaluation and the analysis of the results.MAIN RESULTS:The present study identified five randomized controlled trials involving 871 participants. The comparison of the studies showed a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of GDM in MI supplementation versus the control group (odds ratio [OR] = 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.19–0.53,P= 0.0001,Z= 4.36) by 68%. Similarly, there is a greater reduction in the incidence of fetal macrosomia among patients in the MI group than the controlled group (OR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.07–0.78;P= 0.02,Z= 2.36) by 78%. However, there was no difference in terms of incidence of gestational hypertension (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.19–2.01;P= 0.42,Z= −0.81), cesarean section (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.65–1.22;P= 0.47,Z= 0.72), and neonatal hypoglycemia (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.01–8.80;P= 0.53,Z= 0.63) outcomes.CONCLUSION:MI supplementation taken at 4 g daily would decrease the incidence of GDM and fetal macrosomia. There was no statistically significant reduction in the risk of gestational hypertension, cesarean section, and neonatal hypoglycemia in the supplementation of MI.
Determining the risk of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and adverse perinatal outcomes in patients with antenatal lower threshold blood pressure elevations: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Acosta Abigail Sandra Yao , Zamora Brenda Bernadette B. 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
Diagnosing hypertensive disorders in pregnancy utilizes systolic blood pressure (BP) of >140 mmHg and/or diastolic of >90 mmHg. However, since 2017, the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) have been endorsing lower BP thresholds for diagnosing hypertension.

OBJECTIVES:
This study determines if antenatal lower threshold BP elevations under elevated BP and Stage 1 hypertension from ACC/AHA show an increased risk of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and adverse perinatal outcomes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study included service patients with prenatal consultations and deliveries at a private tertiary-level hospital from February 2016 to 2020. Antenatal BP measurements, categorized into “normal,” “elevated BP,” and “Stage 1 hypertension” under ACC/AHA classifications, had crude and adjusted relative risks (aRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated to determine their associations with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

RESULTS:
Stage 1 hypertension was twice more likely to develop gestational hypertension (aRR: 2.314, 95% CI: 1.08–4.98) and thrice more likely to develop preeclampsia (aRR: 3.673, 95% CI: 2.30–5.86), whether without (aRR: 3.520, 95% CI: 1.33–9.29) or with severe features (aRR: 3.717, 95% CI: 2.16–6.41). There was a slightly increased risk for adverse perinatal outcomes from Stage 1 hypertension, as well as all outcomes from elevated BP, but was not statistically significant. Majority of BP elevations were during the third trimester.

CONCLUSION:
Lower threshold Stage 1 hypertension showed an increased risk of developing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, with a three-fold increased risk for preeclampsia. There may be advantages in its application for diagnosing preeclampsia or having increased monitoring for these patients.
Survival rate, recurrence rate, and complications of routine appendectomy for patients with borderline and malignant mucinous ovarian tumor: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Manuel Applenette April San Jose , Co-Hidalgo Maribel Emma 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE:
The objective of the study is to determine the survival rate, recurrence rate, and complication rate among patients diagnosed with borderline and malignant mucinous ovarian tumor (MOT) who underwent complete surgical staging with appendectomy.

METHODOLOGY:
Eligibility criteria – A search of published literature was conducted in the electronic databases of MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane, and Google Scholar through 2000–2022, using a search strategy based on the PIO framework. Information of sources – The citations were identified with the use of a combination of the following text words: “mucinous ovarian tumors,” “MOT,” “appendectomy,” and “pseudomyxoma peritonei.” All retrospective studies with histopathologic diagnosis of borderline or malignant MOTs with patients who underwent appendectomy during primary surgery, including encompassing data on survival rate, recurrence rate, and/or incidence of complications (postoperative infections, appendectomy site leakage, hemorrhage, abscess, peritonitis, bowel perforation, and intestinal obstruction) that matched the terms set by the researchers were retrieved. Risk of bias – For the methodological quality of the individual clinical trials, the Jadad scale was used, which is based on the three following subscales: randomization (2, 1, or 0), blinding (2, 1, or 0), and dropouts/withdrawals (1 or 0). Guidelines for Cochrane collaboration were used to assess the risk bias. Synthesis of results – Review Manager version 5.3 (RevMan 5.4.1) was used by the researcher to perform the systematic review and meta-analysis of included studies.

RESULTS:
There were eight retrospective studies included in this study. The random interval for survival rate is 64.9%–99.7% with a P < 0.1. The prediction interval for recurrence rate is 0%–100% with 95% confidence interval. The odds of complications occurring are <0.69–2.99 times with 95% confidence interval, with mean effect size is 0.083, and with a 95% confidence interval is 0.027–0.23.

CONCLUSION:
The mean prevalence of abnormal histology of the appendix in patients diagnosed with borderline and malignant MOTs and underwent appendectomy during primary surgery is 3%–13%. There is no statistically significant difference in survival rate of patients who were diagnosed with borderline and malignant MOTs with or without appendectomy during primary surgery. The prediction interval for recurrence rate is 0%–100% with 95% confidence interval. There is no significant difference between the rate of complications in patients who underwent appendectomy and those without.