bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Not as simple as it seems: extensive facility and training gaps in nursing home bathing
Authors: Nguyen Kristine P. , Singh Raveena D. , Saavedra Raheeb , Billimek John T. , Tam Steven P. , Steinberg Karl E. , Porter Lori , Mitchell John , Huang Susan S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStandardized observation of bed baths and showers for 100 residents in 8 nursing homes revealed inadequate cleansing of body sites (88%–100% failure) and >90% process failure involving lather, firm massage, changing dirty wipes or cloths, and following clean-to-dirty sequence. Insufficient water warmth affected 86% of bathing opportunities. Bathing training and adequate resources are needed.
The Downstream Impact of Upstream Tariffs: Evidence from Investment Decisions in Supply Chains
Authors: Martin Thorsten , Otto Clemens A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe study how U.S. manufacturing firms’ investment responds to tariff reductions in supplier industries. Our estimates, based on tariff reductions following multinational trade agreements, suggest that a hypothetical 10% reduction of all upstream tariffs would increase downstream investment by 4% to 6%. This estimate is not explained by decreasing uncertainty and stems from tariff reductions for homogeneous and low-R&D inputs, consistent with the investment response resulting from cost reductions rather than superior foreign technology embodied in imported inputs. Evidence from an instrumental variable estimation using the sudden increase in Chinese import penetration suggests that import competition also increases downstream investment.
The Problems of Creeping Minimalism
Authors: Akhlaghi Farbod 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe problem of creeping minimalism threatens the distinction between moral realism and meta-ethical expressivism, and between cognitivism and non-cognitivism more generally. The problem is commonly taken to be serious and in need of response. I argue that there are two problems of creeping minimalism, that one of these problems is more serious than the other, and that this more serious problem cannot be solved in a way that all parties can accept. I close by highlighting some important questions this raises for how to distinguish between theories, and noting some of the troubling consequences it may entail for realism and its rivals, in meta-ethics and beyond.
Aspirational identities and desire through discourses of productivity in marginal individuals: A case study of three women
Authors: Piazza Roberta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article investigates how marginal individuals construct a productive self in an interview. It reports on a case study of three women—a squatter, a rough sleeper, and an Irish Traveller—who inhabit uncertain and threatened homes. In response to dominant discourses of productivity, in the interviews the speakers’ talk reflects the desire to be perceived as able and knowledgeable individuals. Thus, rejecting their marginal subjectivities, the three women propose profitable solutions to society's issues along the very same principles of productivity heralded by dominant society. Framed within a performative notion of identity, the study elaborates on the notion of a non-sexual desire as the trigger of most human actions. The results suggest that marginality is not a fixed and segregated state of being and the stereotype of individuals like those discussed in the study as passive and out of touch must be challenged. (Marginality, space, squatter, Irish Traveller, rough sleeper, desire/aspiration, epistemic and agentive self, neo-liberalism)*
Uncoupling in the third age – the importance of the existential context for late-life divorce
Authors: Bildtgård Torbjörn , Öberg Peter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLate-life divorce is increasingly common in many Western countries, however, studies on this transition remain scarce. The purpose of this article is to study attributed reasons for late-life divorce, and if any life phase-typical aspects can be identified in these attributions. Qualitative interviews were carried out with Swedish men and women aged 62–82, who after the age of 60 had divorced from a cross-gender marital or non-marital co-habiting union (N = 37). The results, analysed using principles from Grounded Theory, revealed four different types of narratives: (a) incompatible goals for the third age, (b) personality change caused by age-related disease, (c) a last chance for romance, and (d) enough of inequality and abuse. A central insight and an original contribution generated by the study was the importance grey divorcees attributed to the existential conditions of later life in their divorce decisions. The results are discussed in relation to theories of late modern intimacy and the third age.
A longitudinal assessment of racial and ethnic inequities in food environment exposure and retail market concentration
Authors: Jiang Qianxia , Ghosh Debarchana , Steinbach Sandro , Cooksey Stowers Kristen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjective:This paper assesses trends in food environment and market concentration and racial and ethnic inequities in food environment exposure and food retail market concentration at the US census tract level from 2000 to 2019.Design:Establishment-level data from the National Establishment Time Series were used to measure food environment exposure and food retail market concentration. We linked that dataset to race, ethnicity and social vulnerability information from the American Community Survey and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. A geospatial hot-spot analysis was conducted to identify relatively low and high healthy food access clusters based on the modified Retail Food Environment Index (mRFEI). The associations were assessed using two-way fixed effects regression models.Setting:Census tracts spanning all US states.Participants:69 904 US census tracts.Results:The geospatial analysis revealed clear patterns of areas with high and low mRFEI values. Our empirical findings point to disparities in food environment exposure and market concentration by race. The analysis shows that Asian Americans are likelier to live in neighbourhoods with a low food environment exposure and low retail market concentration. These adverse effects are more pronounced in metro areas. The robustness analysis for the social vulnerability index confirms these results.Conclusion:US food policies must address disparities in neighbourhood food environments and foster a healthy, profitable, equitable and sustainable food system. Our findings may inform equity-oriented neighbourhood, land use and food systems planning. Identifying priority areas for investment and policy interventions is essential for equity-oriented neighbourhood planning.
Argument-stretching: (slightly) invalid political arguments and their effects on public opinion
Authors: Vössing Konstantin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo stretch an argument means to make a political argument that is slightly (but not glaringly) invalid. I add to existing research, which focuses on the analysis of facts and stark binary views of validity by introducing the concept of argument-stretching, which identifies subtle violations of the validity of arguments. Using this conceptual foundation, I outline an impression-formation theory to explain the impact of argument-stretching on public opinion. I suggest that people spontaneously form negative impressions of stretched arguments, and that they add these impressions to a cumulative tally of satisfaction with the argument. Finally, people translate the negative effect of argument-stretching on their account satisfaction into reduced support for the politician who stretched the argument and the policy justified by it. I confirm the hypothesized direct effects of argument-stretching on policy support and politician support in three experimental studies, and I also find evidence for the mediating effect of account satisfaction.
The Geoeconomics of Belt and Road Disputes: A Case Study on the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
Authors: MCLAUGHLIN Mark 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article argues that the dovetailing economic, geopolitical, and security interests that underpin the Belt and Road Initiative demands a dispute resolution mechanism that focuses on broader interests and legal rights. Using the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) as a case study, it identifies the conditions in which Chinese investors could have initiated an investment arbitration but did not. This can be explained by the rights-based orientation of investment treaties failing to reflect the interests of multi-project initiatives. Instead, alternative methods of home state intervention, such as state-funded political risk insurance, are used to protect investors. In other words, the political economy of CPEC investments refuses to utilize hard law mechanisms. Given this context, mediation may be a viable alternative. These circumstances accelerate the trend towards “de-legalization”, which is often cited as an inevitable consequence of the emerging “geoeconomic order” but suggests that reasons other than national security are the cause.
Shows How!
Authors: Nelles Carolyn , Langenbeck Sylke , Lubbe Dirk , Doering Bettina , Flach Elisa , Götz Christian , Hinding Barbara , Lindenmeyer Johannes 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Die neue psychotherapeutische Approbationsordnung sieht erstmals eine anwendungsorientierte Parcoursprüfung vor, in der die therapeutische Handlungskompetenz im Umgang mit Simulationspersonen in fünf Stationen jeweils à 20 Minuten geprüft wird. Fragestellung: Die Pilotstudie, die in Kooperation mit dem IMPP durchgeführt wurde, diente der explorativen Untersuchung des Aufwands, des Schwierigkeitsgrades sowie der Durchführbarkeit und Reliabilität der neuartigen Prüfungsform innerhalb der psychotherapeutischen Ausbildung. Methode: Es wurden zwei Parcours mit jeweils fünf Stationen online mit 39 Studierenden am Ende des dritten Semesters des Masterstudiengangs „Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie“ entsprechend der Vorgaben der neuen Approbationsordnung durchgeführt. In jeder Station wurde die therapeutische Handlungskompetenz durch zwei Prüfende anhand vorgegebener Bewertungsbögen bepunktet. Als Bestehensgrenze wurde eine Prüfungsleistung von mindesten 60 % der maximalen Punktzahl in jeder einzelnen Station festgelegt. Die Beurteilungsübereinstimmung innerhalb der einzelnen Stationen wurde mittels Intraklassen-Korrelation (ICC) ermittelt. Für den Gesamtwert der Prüfungsleistung wurden die interne Konsistenz mittels Cronbach’s Alpha sowie der Generalizability-Koeffizient ( G) bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Die 39 geprüften Studierenden erreichten im Mittel 346.29 Punkte ( SD = ± 46.77) von maximal 500 Punkten. Die Durchfallquote betrug damit 59 %. Die Interrater-Reliabilität in den einzelnen Stationen variierte zwischen .091 und .733. In den meisten Stationen war sie befriedigend. Die interne Konsistenz des Gesamturteils betrug α = .85. Der Generalizability-Koeffizient lag für die gesamte Prüfung bei G = .81. Der Gesamtaufwand der Prüfungsdurchführung innerhalb der Hochschule wurde anhand von benötigten Arbeitsstunden bemessen und lag bei ca. 680 Stunden. Diskussion: Es zeigten sich erste Hinweise auf die Qualität der neuen Prüfungsform. Insbesondere war die vorhandene Varianz in den Bewertungen im Wesentlichen auf die Leistung der Studierenden zurückzuführen. Gemeinsam mit den Werten zur internen Konsistenz und zur Prüfenden-Übereinstimmung kann dies als Anzeichen für eine vorhandene Objektivität / Reliabilität der beiden Parcours – im Rahmen der Pilotierung an diesem Standort – gedeutet werden. Die hohe Durchfallquote erfordert weitergehende Untersuchungen. Des Weiteren wäre eine Reduzierung des hohen Aufwandes der Prüfung in dieser Form wünschenswert. Limitationen der Untersuchung sind insbesondere in der geringen, nicht repräsentativen Stichprobengröße zu sehen.
Diurnal Variability of Ocean Temperature Off Pt. Sal, Central California
Authors: Gough Matt K. , Chu Peter C. , MacMahan Jamie H. , Freismuth Thomas M. , Kovatch Michael , Kumar Nirnimesh 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDiurnal‐band temperature (DU‐T) variability is investigated over 30 days from measures of temperature over the vertical obtained by 78 moorings deployed in the Santa Monica Basin near Pt. Sal (PS), California. DU‐T variability accounts for 3.6%–23% of the total variability. Vertical empirical orthogonal function mode‐1 DU‐T variability accounts for an average of 86% of the total vertical DU‐T variability at each mooring, is greatest north of PS where its vertical structure is baroclinic, and weakest south of PS where its vertical structure is surface intensified. Spatial complex empirical orthogonal function mode‐1 DU‐T accounts for 73% of the total DU‐T over the region, reveals an onshore baroclinic DU‐T propagation of ∼0.5 m/s, and a previously observed equatorward baroclinic DU‐T propagation of ∼1.9 m/s along the coast north of PS. Dominant vertical mode‐1 diurnal‐band baroclinic velocity (DU‐w) variability at each mooring exhibits a two‐layer structure that is 180° out of phase with maxima near the surface and the bottom, and resembles the DU‐T propagation. DU‐T variability mechanisms include wind‐forced deepening of the surface mixed layer, inertial motions, upwelling, and barotropic and baroclinic tides. Among these concomitant diurnal mechanisms, wind‐driven inertial motions are likely the primary mechanism influencing DU‐T variability during upwelling‐favorable conditions owing to coherence between observed DU‐w and the predicted inertial response to wind‐forcing. Further, spatial mode‐1 DU‐T is correlated and coherent with spatial mode‐1 DU‐w and diurnal wind‐forcing. In addition to describing predominant DU‐T variability patterns, these findings have important implications regarding spatial patterns in biological recruitment, transport, and settlement.
Observationally Constrained Modeling of Peroxy Radical During an Ozone Episode in the Pearl River Delta Region, China
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhang Yanli , Zhao Weixiong , Wu Zhenfeng , Luo Shilu , Zhang Huina , Zhou Huaishan , Song Wei , Zhang Weijun , Wang Xinming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPeroxy radicals (RO2* = HO2 + RO2) play key roles in forming secondary air pollutants such as ozone, yet model underprediction of RO2* is a challenging radical closure problem. In this study, RO2* were measured by a dual‐channel peroxy radical chemical amplification system during an ozone episode in October 2018 at an urban site in the Pearl River Delta region, China. The box model based on the Master Chemical Mechanism severely underpredicted RO2* levels, particularly at night and under high nitric oxide (NO) conditions. The observed‐to‐modeled ratio of RO2* increased from ∼3 under 1 ppbv NO to ∼46 under >10 ppbv NO with a missing RO2* source up to 5.8 ppbv hr−1. Observation data were used to constrain model predictions, and the results reveal that constraining nitrous acid (HONO) or glyoxal/methylglyoxal could not improve predictions, while constraining nitrate radicals (NO3) or other oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs), particularly phenolic compounds and improvements in their gas‐phase mechanisms, could more effectively increase model‐simulated RO2* concentrations. When OVOCs, NO3, and HONO were constrained, the simulated RO2* concentrations increased to the greatest extent with an observed‐to‐modeled RO2* ratio of 1.9 during the day and 1.3 at night, mainly due to the interaction between OVOCs and NO3 radicals. As the underestimated NO3 levels and the unmeasured reactive organic gases, as well as their unknown oxidation mechanisms, are among the major reasons for the underestimation of RO2*, upgraded atmospheric chemistry involving more OVOC species and more accurate NO3 would improve model‐simulated RO2* concentrations, especially during nighttime.
Disentangling the Role of Forest Structure and Functional Traits in the Thermal Balance of the Mediterranean–Temperate Ecotone
Authors: Barbeta A. , Miralles D. G. , Mendiola L. , Gimeno T. E. , Sabaté S. , Carnicer J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe thermal balance of forests is the result of complex land–atmosphere interactions. Different climate regimes and plant functional types can have contrasting energy budgets, but little is known about the influence of forest structure and functional traits. Here, we combined spaceborne measurements of surface temperature from ECOSTRESS with ground‐based meteorological data to estimate the thermal balance at the surface (∆Tcan−air) during four summers (2018–2021), at the Mediterranean–temperate ecotone in the NE Iberian Peninsula. We analyzed the spatiotemporal drivers of ∆Tcan−airby quantifying the effects of meteorology, forest structure (stand density, tree height) and ecophysiology (hydraulic traits), during normal days and hot spells. Canopy temperatures (Tcan) fluctuated according to changes in air temperature (Tair) but were on average 4.2 K warmer. During hot spells, ∆Tcan−airwas smaller than during normal periods. We attribute this decrease to the advection of hot and dry air masses from the Saharan region resulting in a sudden increase inTairrelative toTcan. Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was negatively correlated with ∆Tcan−air, since the highest VPD values coincided with peaks in heat advection. Nonetheless,Tcanincreased with VPD due to decreased transpiration (following stomatal closure), even though sufficient soil water availability enabled some degree of evaporative cooling. Our findings demonstrate that plot‐scale forest structural and hydraulic traits are key determinants for the forest thermal balance. The integration of functional traits and forest structure over relevant spatial scales would improve our ability to understand and model land–atmosphere feedbacks in forested regions.
Structure and Variability of the Barrow Canyon Outflow From Two High‐Resolution Shipboard Surveys in 2018
Authors: Huang Jie , Pickart Robert S. , Foukal Nicholas , Spall Michael A. , Lin Peigen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBarrow Canyon in the northeast Chukchi Sea is a critical choke point where Pacific‐origin water, heat, and nutrients enter the interior Arctic. While the flow through the canyon has been monitored for more than 20 years, questions remain regarding the dynamics by which the Pacific‐origin water is fluxed offshore, as well as what drives the variability. In 2018, two high‐resolution shipboard surveys of the canyon were carried out—one in summer and one in fall—to investigate the water mass distribution and velocity structure of the outflow. During the summer survey, high percentages of Pacific water (summer water + winter water) were present seaward of the canyon, associated with strong northward outflow from the canyon and a well‐developed westward‐flowing Chukchi Slope Current (CSC). By contrast, high percentages of Pacific water were confined to the canyon proper and outer Chukchi shelf during the late‐fall survey, at which time the canyon outflow and CSC were considerably weaker. These differences can be attributed to differences in wind forcing during the time period of two surveys. A cyclone‐like circulation was present in the canyon during both surveys, which was also evident in the satellite‐derived sea surface height anomaly field. We argue that this feature corresponds to an arrested topographic Rossby wave, generated as the outflow responds to the deepening bathymetry of the canyon. By applying a self‐organizing map analysis using the satellite altimeter data from 2001 to 2020, we demonstrate that such a cyclone‐like structure is a prevailing aspect of the canyon outflow.
Existence of Crystalline Ammonium Sulfate Nuclei Affects Chemical Reactivity of Oleic Acid Particles Through Heterogeneous Nucleation
Authors: Liu Wenli , Liao Keren , Chen Qi , He Longkun , Liu Yingjun , Kuwata Mikinori 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOrganic aerosol particles are oxidized by atmospheric oxidants. These particles are occasionally internally mixed with solid materials such as soot and inorganic crystals. However, potential impacts of the particles' mixing states on chemical reactivity have rarely been investigated. This study investigated the influence of the existence of crystalline ammonium sulfate on chemical reactivity of oleic acid particles with ozone for the temperature range of −20°C to +35°C using an aerosol flow tube reactor. The chemical compositions of the resulting particles were monitored using online instruments for deriving the reactive uptake coefficients (γ) of ozone by oleic acid. The values of γ were not significantly influenced by the existence of ammonium sulfate when the temperature of the reactor was higher than the melting point of oleic acid (∼13°C). The values of γ were unmeasurably small for the lower temperature range when oleic acid particles were internally mixed with crystalline ammonium sulfate. No significant change in γ was observed for the temperature range down to −13°C when the inorganic salt was absent, likely due to the formation of supercooled liquid. The difference in chemical reactivity can be explained by the occurrence of heterogeneous nucleation induced by inorganic seed.
In vitro bioassays for monitoring drinking water quality of tap water, domestic filtration and bottled water
Authors: Escher Beate I. , Blanco Jordi , Caixach Josep , Cserbik Dora , Farré Maria J. , Flores Cintia , König Maria , Lee Jungeun , Nyffeler Jo , Planas Carles , Redondo-Hasselerharm Paula E. , Rovira Joaquim , Sanchís Josep , Schuhmacher Marta , Villanueva Cristina M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Location-specific patterns of regulated and non-regulated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) were detected in tap water samples of the Barcelona Metropolitan Area. However, it remains unclear if the detected DBPs together with undetected DPBs and organic micropollutants can lead to mixture effects in drinking water.

Objective
To evaluate the neurotoxicity, oxidative stress response and cytotoxicity of 42 tap water samples, 6 treated with activated carbon filters, 5 with reverse osmosis and 9 bottled waters. To compare the measured effects of the extracts with the mixture effects predicted from the detected concentrations and the relative effect potencies of the detected DBPs using the mixture model of concentration addition.

Methods
Mixtures of organic chemicals in water samples were enriched by solid phase extraction and tested for cytotoxicity and neurite outgrowth inhibition in the neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y and for cytotoxicity and oxidative stress response in the AREc32 assay.

Results
Unenriched water did not trigger neurotoxicity or cytotoxicity. After up to 500-fold enrichment, few extracts showed cytotoxicity. Disinfected water showed low neurotoxicity at 20- to 300-fold enrichment and oxidative stress response at 8- to 140-fold enrichment. Non-regulated non-volatile DBPs, particularly (brominated) haloacetonitriles dominated the predicted mixture effects of the detected chemicals and predicted effects agreed with the measured effects. By hierarchical clustering we identified strong geographical patterns in the types of DPBs and their association with effects. Activated carbon filters did not show a consistent reduction of effects but domestic reverse osmosis filters decreased the effect to that of bottled water.

Impact statement
Bioassays are an important complement to chemical analysis of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water. Comparison of the measured oxidative stress response and mixture effects predicted from the detected chemicals and their relative effect potencies allowed the identification of the forcing agents for the mixture effects, which differed by location but were mainly non-regulated DBPs. This study demonstrates the relevance of non-regulated DBPs from a toxicological perspective. In vitro bioassays, in particular reporter gene assays for oxidative stress response that integrate different reactive toxicity pathways including genotoxicity, may therefore serve as sum parameters for drinking water quality assessment.