bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucose tolerance test with a single abnormal value as a predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lee Seon Ui , Hong Subeen , Choi Sae Kyung , Kim Su Mi , Shin Jae Eun , Kil Ki Cheol , Kim Yeon Hee , Wie Jeong Ha , Jo Yun Sung , Ko Hyun Sun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background:
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as two or more abnormal values in the 100 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) using a two-step approach. Although pregnancy outcomes in GDM are well established, those with a single abnormal value (SAV) in the 100 g OGTT remain controversial. This study investigated the association between a SAV in 100 g OGTT and abnormal pregnancy outcomes, including the development of future type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), within 5 years after delivery.
Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of seven university hospitals between 2009 and 2020. For the diagnosis of GDM, we used a two-step approach based on the Carpenter-Coustan criteria. First, we divided the dataset into three subgroups (normoglycemic control group, SAV group, and GDM group) and compared pregnancy outcomes. After dividing the dataset into postpartum T2DM and control groups, the risk factors were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis to generate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Based on this, a risk-scoring model was developed, and its performance was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve.
Results:
Of the 9,353 females, 342 (3.66%) were included in the single abnormal OGTT group, and 418 (4.47%) were included in the GDM group. Compared to the normoglycemic group, the SAV and GDM groups showed significantly older age, higher body mass index (BMI), higher rates of diabetes mellitus (DM) family history and neonatal hypoglycemia in the offspring, and a significantly higher rate of maternal T2DM within 5 years after delivery. In multivariate analysis, the significant risk factors for postpartum T2DM were SAV, GDM, nulliparity, BMI before pregnancy, chronic hypertension, polycystic ovarian syndrome, hyperlipidemia, and DM family history. A scoring model developed using the significant risk factors for future T2DM achieved an AUC of 0.74.
Conclusions:
We demonstrated that SAV could affect adverse pregnancy outcomes and is a significant risk factor for postpartum T2DM. We developed a scoring system using the risk factors for postpartum T2DM.
Non-CO2 emissions reductions implied by IPCC estimates of the Remaining Carbon Budget
Authors: Rogelj Joeri , Lamboll Robin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Estimates of the remaining carbon budget (RCB) for limiting warming to 1.5°C and well-below 2°C include assumptions about how much warming can be expected from non-CO2 emissions. Here, we uncover the non-CO2 assumptions that underlie the RCB estimates by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. We show how pursuing inadequate CH4 emission reductions causes Paris-compatible RCBs to be exhausted today, effectively putting achievement of the Paris Agreement out of reach.
Ocular parameters associated with visual performance of enhanced monofocal intraocular lens
Authors: Kim Da Ran , Yoon Young Chae , Whang Woong-Joo , Hwang Ho Sik , Na Kyung-Sun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
An enhanced monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) (Tecnis Eyhance ICB00 and Tecnis Eyhance Toric DIU) has been developed to enhance intermediate vision while avoiding the disadvantages of multifocal IOLs. Although many studies have demonstrated the improvement of intermediate visual acuity with enhanced monofocal IOLs, it is not known specifically for which patients these IOLs should be recommended or avoided. In this study, we aim to find out which ocular parameters affect vision performance and photic phenomenon of ICB00 or DIU at different distances.
Methods
Patients who underwent cataract surgery with ICB00 or DIU, performed by a single surgeon, were included. Before surgery, the patients' age, gender, axial length, anterior chamber depth, spherical aberration Z (4,0), vertical coma, horizontal coma, angle kappa (κ), angle alpha (α), and other ocular parameters were investigated. One month after surgery, uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA at 40 cm), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA at 66 cm), uncorrected distance logMAR visual acuity (UDVA), IOL decentration, and quality of vision (QoV) questionnaires were conducted.
Results
A total of 43 patients (58 eyes) were included. The results of the univariate linear regression analyses showed a negative correlation between spherical aberration and logMAR UNVA and UIVA (p = 0.003, β=-0.51 and p = 0.018, β=-0.23, respectively) and a positive correlation between angle α and logMAR UIVA (p = 0.036, β = 0.19). Deeper anterior chamber depth (ACD) was associated with poorer total QoV (p = 0.018, β = 14.43), particularly in glare, halo, blur, and fluctuation perception. A higher degree of IOL decentration tended to decrease UNVA and UIVA (Pearson correlation coefficient, r = 0.336 and r = 0.221, respectively); however, no significant effect was observed on UDVA (Pearson correlation coefficient, r = 0.042).
Conclusions
In enhanced monofocal IOLs, a higher level of spherical aberration is associated with better performance in UNVA and UIVA, whereas a larger angle α has a negative impact. A deeper ACD negatively affects the QoV.
The effects of weather conditions on economic growth: Evidence from global subnational economic output and income
Authors: Tol Richard , Dong Jinchi , Wang Jinnan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The effects of weather on economic growth continue to be debated. Previous studies focused on economic output, but income better reflects living standards; income and output are the same at the national level, but differ at a finer spatial scale. This study assembles a unique database comprising global subnational GDP and GDI per capita data from over 1600 regions across more than 180 countries and analyzes the effects of weather conditions on economic growth. The results reveal the following: 1) There is a significant negative effect of annual mean temperature on GDI per capita growth, while weather conditions do not significantly affect GDP per capita growth. 2) We find significant interaction effects between weather and weather variability, as well as different adaptations between rich and poor regions. 3) The omission of data from a large number of poor and hot countries in previous subnational research leads to an underestimation of the economic impact of weather shocks. Focusing on output rather than income and omitting data, previous studies appear to have underestimated the impact of climate change.
Pattern of Admissions and Needs Assessment for Palliative Care Services Among in-patients in a Tertiary Health Facility in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Akodu Babatunde , Olokodana-Adesalu Olufunmilayo , Ojikutu Moninuola , Ogbenna Ann , Agunbiade Taiwo , Nwosa Nwando , Doobay-Persaud Ashti , Caputo Matthew , Drane Denise , Evans Charlesnika , Ogunseitan Adeboye , Hauser Joshua 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Palliative care development emphasizes educationand medication availability. Only 12% of needs for palliative care are met. Palliative care domains and experience of patientsand their families are vital in life-limiting conditions. The Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), possess the National Cancer Centre but currently has no palliative care unit.
AIM
The aim was to examine pattern of admissions and needs assessment for palliative services among patients admitted into LUTH wards.
METHOD
The survey was conducted using a cross-sectional design to recruit 129 consecutive respondents. Together for Short Lives (TfSL) tool was used to categorize respondents’ conditions into Palliative and Non-palliative conditions. Information on diagnosis, stage of disease, domains of palliative care, advance care plan, preparation for home care, death and education about the illness was retrieved. Descriptive characteristics of the participants were presented as frequencies and percentages and Chi-squared test was used to determine association between the variables. Data analysis was done using Epi info version 7.2.
RESULTS
80.6% of the respondents had palliative care conditions, 83.7% had family members as their caregiverwhile 13.2% of the participants had no care-giver and 65.9% had no advance care plan. There was no preparation for home care or death in 72.1% while 70.5% had education about their illnessand 68.2% were in the advanced stage of their disease. Participants attending the surgery non-trauma unit(51.6%) were more likely to have advance plans. Adults were more likely to have palliative care conditions (79.8%) compared to children (20.2%), and was statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
Majority of the participants need palliative care services but are unmet and the most predominant condition was cancer. Majority had no advance plan or preparation for home careor death despite having advanced stages of disease.This survey emphasizes the need for symptom management, communication and provision of support.
Exploring the impact of a Frailty Prevention Care Management Program on frailty and health function in community older adults: A quasi-experimental trial protocol
Authors: LIN Chia-Hui , Liu Ming-Yi , Chen Nan-Fu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

BackgroundFrailty often results from deteriorating muscle strength and decreased physical function in older adults due to physical inactivity, chronic nutritional deficiency, depression, or inadequate support systems. Frailty is a comprehensive, multi-dimensional perspective (includes physical, psychological, and social fragility). Previous research has shown that exercise programs, especially resistance exercises combined with nutritional care, can reduce frailty symptoms. This study describes a quasi-experimental trial to develop a frailty prevention care management program, that prevents frailty and improves frailty, physical activity, and nutrition compared to usual care for community-dwelling older adults.MethodsThis study employed a quasi-experimental design using convenience sampling with experimental and control groups. A total of 70 community-dwelling older adults were recruited for experimental and control groups. Moreover, participants in the experimental group will receive a 24-week Frailty Prevention Care Management Program of 100 min per session, two sessions per week. In contrast, those in the usual physical activity control group must maintain their original physical activity. Primary and secondary outcomes will be measured at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and 3-month post-intervention. The primary outcome measure was the degree of frailty measured using the Taiwanese version of the Tilburg frailty indicator. Secondary outcomes will include measures of physical activity using the Senior Fitness Test and nutrition measures using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form. A generalised estimating equation was constructed to analyse the effects of the intervention.ResultsThis protocol presents a quasi-experimental design for a convenience sampling trial to evaluate the effectiveness, prevention of frailty, improves of physical activity, and nutrition of the Frailty Prevention Care Management Program.ConclusionIf the results are as expected, this trial will provide evidence for the effect of the frailty prevention program on elderly community-based populations.Trial registration:Clinical Trials Register: NCT05883423 (Date of registration:
“Current”, “heated rods” &amp; “hot vapour”: Why patients refuse radiotherapy as a treatment modality for cancer in Northern Sri Lanka
Authors: Mahadevan Jeyasuthan , Appudurai Ramalingam , Sothipragasam Shobikgha , Kumar Ramya , Rajasooriyar Chrishanthi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose: Significant proportions of patients either refuse or discontinue radiotherapy, even in the curative setting, leading to poor clinical outcomes. This study explores patient perceptions that underlie decisions to refuse/discontinue radiotherapy at a cancer care facility in northern Sri Lanka.
Methods: An exploratory descriptive qualitative study was carried out among 14 purposively-selected patients with cancer who refused/discontinued radiotherapy. In-depth semi-structured interviews were transcribed in Tamil, translated into English, coded, and thematically analyzed.
Results: All participants referred to radiotherapy as “current” with several understanding the procedure to involve electricity, heat, or hot vapour. Many pointed to gaps in information provided by healthcare providers, who were perceived to focus on side effects without explaining the procedure. In the absence of these crucial details, patients relied on family members and acquaintances to fill these information gaps, often based on second- or third-hand accounts of experiences with radiotherapy. Many felt pressured by family to refuse radiation, feared radiation, or felt ashamed to ask questions, while for others COVID-19 was an impediment. All but three participants regretted their decision, claiming they would recommend radiation to patients with cancer, especially when it is offered with curative intent.
Conclusion: Patients with cancer who refused/discontinued radiation therapy have significant information needs. While human resource deficits need to be addressed in low-resource settings like northern Sri Lanka, providing better supportive cancer care could improve clinical outcomes and save resources that would otherwise be wasted on patient preparation for radiotherapy.
The Ability of Plants Leaves Tissue to Change Polarization State of Polarized Laser Radiation
Authors: Kulchin Yuriy N. , Kozhanov Sergey O. , Kholin Alexander S. , Demidchik Vadim V. , Subbotin Evgeny P. , Trofimov Yuriy V. , Kovalevsky Kirill V. , Subbotina Natalia I. , Gomolsky Andrey S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The main purpose of this work was to confirm the previously proposed model of the laser radiation interaction with the epidermal layer of monocotyledons cells. The other purpose was to show that plant age affects polarization parameters and polarization direction affects plant development. The methods used in this work include the development of LED light sources, the polarization parameters assessment (polarization index) and statistical analysis. The maize plants (Zea mays L.), variety “Early gourmet 121”, optical setup and software TXP Series Instrumentation were used in the work. Plants were grown under white light (WW) at an intensity of 200 µmol m− 2 s− 1. The study established that the harmonic ellipticity polarization change by ± 12.0° occurs when the linearly polarized light passed through the maize leaves depending on the axis rotation angle of the epidermal cells. In addition, it was shown that the maize leaves of different ages could have different values of the refractive index anisotropy, and, consequently, different polarization ellipticity index. It has been established that the maize leaves with ordered structure of epidermal cells are able to change the polarized radiation ellipticity. That confirms the previously proposed model of the polarized light interaction with plant leaves. We established that linearly polarized light passing through the leaves of maize plants turns into elliptically polarized light, which is able to interact more effectively with the photosensitive protein structures of the leaf inner cells.
Estimating Methane Emission Rate from an Oxidation Lagoon Using Low-Cost Sensor
Authors: Heyer-Rodriguez Lorenzo , Guevara-Garcia Nestor , Ventura-Holule Rene 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

In Mexico, the second source of methane emissions is anaerobic digestion of waste, then is necessary the development of methane emission measurement methodologies to evaluate the mitigation measures adopted. This work describes a methodology for the estimation of methane emission rate from an oxidation lagoon using the static flow chamber technique and a low-cost methane sensor MQ-4. The study area was the oxidation lagoon “Bordo Los Puerquitos”, which receive wastewater from Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. Six sampling points were selected at the oxidation lagoon, and the methane concentration inside the static flow chamber was recorded over a 10-minute period. A linear regression analysis was realized to obtain the slop, which is equivalent to the methane emission rate. A slope comparation using a t-test after check of homoscedasticity of samples were performed. Spatial analysis using kriging interpolation was used to obtain the distribution of the methane emission rate at the lagoon and Voronoi polygons were used to determinate the influence area of each sampling point to obtain the weighted average emission of methane. The spatial analysis showed a south to north gradient of the CH4 emission rate with an average of 6.6 ± 3.3 ppm CH4 /min, the estimated emission of methane was 821.69 kg CH4/day. The results of this study are like those reported for a freshwater body with a slightly contaminated mesotrophic condition. The use of the static flow chamber with MQ-4 sensor for methane is a fast and low-cost methodology that can be used to estimate the contribution of GHGs from oxidation lagoons.
Seismic fragility evaluation of skewed concrete I-girder bridges considering various types of structural system
Authors: Gholami Hesam , Memarpour Mohammad Mahdi , Soltanieh Soheil 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

This paper examines the seismic performance of multi-span reinforced concrete I-girder bridges considering irregularity effects associated with superstructure angle of skewness ranging from 0° to 60°. For this purpose, two prevalent superstructure systems, namely, multi-span simply supported and multi-span continuous, are considered. The boundary condition at superstructure-substructure interface of these systems is modeled assuming elastomeric bearing with steel dowels. In the case of multi-span continuous system, two more commonly applied types of bent-to-deck connection are considered, including pinned bent-to-deck connectivity and elastomeric bearings without steel dowels. Therefore, finite element models of the bridge considering four different structural systems are created, for which structural responses of individual components are estimated through nonlinear response history analyses using a suite of far-field ground motions. To compare seismic vulnerability of the most important components, such as columns and bearings, fragility assessment is implemented at four different limit states by developing probabilistic seismic demand models for each bridge model. In general, the findings suggest that the lowest and highest levels of column vulnerability are evident in the simply supported superstructure and continuous superstructure with pinned connectivity. In addition, evaluating simultaneous impacts of skewness and structural systems on the seismic response of bridge columns demonstrate that skewness may reduce the sensitivity of column response to variations of structural systems. At skew angle of 0°, the vulnerability of the column in the simply supported bridge is about 40% higher compared to that in the bridge with continuous superstructure supported by elastomeric bearings. However, this difference decreases to less than 10% at skew angle of 30°.
Effects of water chemistry, land use and climate change on waterbirds in a boreal lake complex
Authors: Bernal José Enrique Cano , Virkkala Raimo , Rankinen Katri 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Brownification of freshwater is a global issue with many implications. The high accumulation of organic matter causing the darkening of freshwater is explained by numerous factors including climate and land use. One example of this alteration can be found in the population of waterbirds (fish eaters, diving and dabbling ducks and other species) in lakes Kukkia and Rautajärvi in Finland, where the number of waterbirds has decreased by 40% since the mid-1980s. We run Generalized Linear Mixed Models to determine how climatic, water chemistry and land use factors are interacting with one another and how those interactions impact waterbird density. Our results showed the significance of brownification and climatic factors, as COD (chemical oxygen demand) and turbidity of the water body and wind speed were the most relevant in explaining the decline of waterbirds.
Effect of inflammatory factors on myocardial infarction
Authors: Zeng Qingyi , Xu Tao , Luo Zhenghua , Zhou Haiyan , Duan Zonggang , Xiong Xinlin , Huang Mengjun , Wei Li 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background: Cohort studies have increasingly shown associations between inflammatory markers and myocardial infarction (MI); however, the specific causal relationships between inflammatory markers and the development of MI remain unclear.
Methods and results: By utilizing publicly accessible genome-wide association studies, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causal associations between inflammatory markers and myocardial infarction (MI). A random-effects inverse-variance weighted method was used to calculate effect estimates. Neutrophil count was found to increase the risk of MI (odds ratio [OR] = 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–1.17; p = 0.04). C-reactive protein levels correlated positively with MI. No associations were observed with IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-18, procalcitonin, TNF-α, total white cell count, or neutrophil percentage of white cells. Neutrophil count and C-reactive protein were inversely associated with lactate dehydrogenase: neutrophil cell count (OR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93–0.98; p<0.01) and C-reactive protein (OR 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92–1.00; p = 0.02). No associations of MI with myoglobin, troponin I, and creatine kinase-MB levels were found.
Conclusions: This two-sample MR analysis revealed a causal positive association of MI with neutrophil count, C-reactive protein level, and the myocardial injury marker lactate dehydrogenase. These results indicate that monitoring C-reactive protein and neutrophil counts may be useful in management of MI patients.
WITHDRAWN: Net of subsidies as a driver to tackle the negative impact of capital income tax on economic growth: A dynamic CGE application to CEMAC countries
Authors: Tchoffo Rodrigue Nobosse , Tchio Severin Sezine , Tafakeu M. , Dounya Claude Matsop 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

While theoretical studies proclaim positive effects of capital income tax on economic growth, empirical work exhibit mixed conclusions. However, there is a gap in the existing body of literature for studies addressing the mechanism is this dichotomy. This study contributes to fill this gap, by investigating the role that can play the net of subsidies in explaining the capital income tax effects on economic growth, focusing on the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) countries. It employs a dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to access these impacts using the 2015 Social Accounting Matrices (SAM). Simulations are carried out on the period 2023–2030 and findings reveal that, while most of the CEMAC countries exhibit a positive impact of indirect tax on commodities, only Chad and Gabon experience positive impacts for capital income tax. These countries figured out to exhibit negative net of subsidies which created a public deficit, challenged by capital income tax increase. The findings emphasize the potential for targeted investments in key sectors to harness net–of–subsidies’ positive impact on economic growth.
Jel classification: C68, O40, H25