bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG KACANG TUNGGAK (Vigna unguiculata L.) DAN TEPUNG KACANG HIJAU (Vigna radhiata) TERHADAP MUTU KIMIA, MUTU GIZI, DAN MUTU ORGANOLEPTIK BISKUIT SEBAGAI PMT IBU HAMIL KEK
Authors: Oktavia Deby Prestia Indah , Razak Maryam , Pudjirahaju Astutik 
Published: January 2023

Prevalensi KEK pada ibu hamil tahun 2013 secara nasional sebesar 24,2Persen dan menurun menjadi 17,3Persen pada tahun 2018. Meskipun terjadi penurunan, prevalensi tersebut masih tergolong tinggi dibandingkan target Arah Kebijakan dan Rencana Aksi Program Kesehatan Masyarakat Tahun 2020 sampai 2024, yaitu 10Persen. Salah satu penanggulangan ibu hamil KEK adalah dengan pemberian makanan tambahan berbahan dasar terigu. Diversifikasi pangan lokal diperlukan untuk mengurangi akan ketrgantungan pangan import. Tepung kacang tunggak dan kacang hijau memiliki kadar protein dan zat besi yang tinggi. Namun, dalam hal ini kacang tunggak tidak disukai dari sifat sensori rasa yaitu pahit. Sedangkan, kacang hijau memiliki sensori yang baik yaitu gurih dan nutty.Untuk menganalisis pengaruh substitusi tepung kacang tunggak dan tepung kacang hijau terhadap mutu kimia, mutu gizi, dan mutu organoleptik biskuit sebagai PMT ibu hamil KEK. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan desain penelitian Rancangan Acak Lengkap RAL. Semakin tinggi proporsi kacang tunggak maka semakin tinggi kadar protein, lemak, dan vitamin C. Sedangkan semakin tinggi proporsi tepung kacang hijau maka semakin tinggi kadar karbohidrat, zat besi, dan nilai energi. Semakin tinggi proporsi tepung kacang tunggak semakin menurun tingkat kesukaan terhadap mutu organoleptik dan semakin meningkat proporsi tepung kacang hijau maka semakin meningkat tingkat kesukaan terhadap mutu organoleptik.Substitusi tepung kacang tunggak dan tepung kacang hijau memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat kesukaan panelis warna dan tekstur. Substitusi tepung kacang tunggak dan tepung kacang hijau memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap mutu kimia dan mutu gizi biskuit. Taraf Perlakuan P3 merupakan taraf perlakuan terbaik.
Childhood adversities and post-military-service incarceration in a male UK Armed Forces Veteran sample from Northern Ireland
Authors: McGlinchey Emily , Armour Cherie 
Published: January 2023

LAY SUMMARY Experiencing stressful or traumatic events in childhood has been linked with negative outcomes later in adulthood, one of which is involvement with the criminal justice system. This study explored whether there was a relationship between experiencing stressful life events in childhood and incarceration in adulthood (post-military service) among UK Armed Forces Veterans based in Northern Ireland (NI). Some individuals may experience only one type of adversity, some may experience many types of adversities, and others may experience no adversity. This study used a statistical technique (latent class analysis) that allowed the authors to explore how adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) varied among a sample of UK Armed Forces Veterans residing in NI. It revealed four groups of Veterans, each characterized by different types of experiences in childhood. The authors explored whether belonging to these groups increased the likelihood of incarceration, finding that those who experienced multiple adversities were at greater risk of incarceration after military service. Personnel involved in the care and support of military personnel should consider military personnel’s history of multiple ACEs.
revisión sistemática exploratoria y la investigación formativa en traducción
Authors: Lévano Castro Sofía 
Published: January 2023

En los últimos años observamos un número creciente de publicaciones, pero también la aparición de revistas depredadoras en las que la calidad de los trabajos de investigación no son los esperados. El boom por la publicación y productividad científica es positivo en la medida que muestra el interés de las instituciones por hacer investigación. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es buscar una metodología de investigación formativa que ayude a los investigadores noveles a incursionar en el mundo de la investigación científica en traducción, fundamentar sus estudios con enfoques teóricos sólidos y emplear metodologías adecuadas. Consideramos que la revisión sistemática exploratoria cumple con este fin y se presenta como una alternativa de investigación válida y eficaz para formar investigadores en el campo de los estudios descriptivos de la traducción y de la traductología. Se concluye que la revisión sistémica cumple varias funciones entre las que se encuentra familiarizar al estudiante con la investigación en traducción en los diferentes niveles del plan de estudios, sistematizar corpus de trabajos de investigación, nacionales e internacionales, ser insumo para estudios aplicados y para el establecimiento de líneas de investigación existentes y por explorar, entre otros.
Optimizing NiCr Thermal Spray Coating with Process Map Methodology for High Temperature Power Plant Boiler Application
Authors: Oksa M. , Varis T. , Suhonen T. , Jokipii M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Alloys with high amount of chromium are used for protection of power plant boilers against high temperature corrosion, especially heat exchanger surfaces, such as superheaters. Thermal spray coatings can be applied to low alloyed steel in order to enhance the lifetime of the cheap substrate material. In this study NiCr (50Ni49Cr1Fe) powder was sprayed with DJ Hybrid and CJS HVOF techniques, and the spraying process was optimized with process map methodology, including SprayWatch for measuring the temperature and velocity of the spray stream, and ICP (In-situ coating property measurement) for measuring the stress state. Different spraying parameters were applied in order to attain the best suitable coating characteristics for high temperature applications, such as high density and low oxidation stage. The coatings were analyzed e.g. by microscopic means and mechanical testing. The use of process optimization, process-structure- properties methodology, and following coating characteristics are presented.
Studies of Air Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings and Their Surface Roughness for Applications in Siemens Medium Size Gas Turbines
Authors: Li Xin-Hai , Heinze Sebastian , Brodin Håkan , Eriksson Robert 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
To understand performance of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) in various industrial applications of Siemens medium size gas turbines, effects of three types of thermal exposures i.e., high temperature isothermal exposure, thermal cycle fatigue (TCF) test, and burner rig test (BRT) on adhesion strength of an air plasma sprayed (APS) TBC have been studied and reported in this paper. It has been seen that the TBC adhesion strength is influenced by the type of thermal exposures differently. Together with a microscopic examination on TBC microstructures and fractography, a correlation between failure mechanisms and types of thermal exposures is discussed. In addition to the impact of various engine operation conditions on behavior of TBC, impacts of TBC surface roughness on turbine performance have also been evaluated. Surface profile and surface roughness on as-sprayed and polished TBC and cast metal (uncoated) have been measured and two different polishing methods have been compared. As a result, a requirement of TBC surface roughness and a preferable polishing method are suggested.
High Performance Aluminum Titanium Coatings for Anti-Slip Applications
Authors: Wixson D. , Barker S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the development of a solid homogeneous Aluminum Titanium Alloy wire which can produce, using conventional twin wire arc spray systems, a Thermal Sprayed Anti-Slip coating that will be effective in a range of applications and environments. In addition to its anti-slip characteristic the coating will also provide a hard wearing coated surface that provides corrosion protection to steel substrates. It will be shown that the macroscopically textured coating is extremely resistant to wear and maintains its anti-slip performance for a relatively long period even in high pedestrian traffic areas as assessed using the BS7976-2 2002 Pendulum Test method. Vehicle traffic applications will also be discussed. This paper will also demonstrate that the Aluminum Titanium Alloy has the same corrosion resistance as pure aluminum due to hard intermetallic particles within the alloy being chemically inert allowing this coating to be confidently used in environments in which TSA (Thermal Sprayed Aluminum) coatings are traditionally specified and used. Additionally the properties of the coatings are presented and compared to the wire feedstock to confirm the sprayed layer retains the required elements and all areas are equally durable.
HVOF Coating Case Study for Power Plant Process Control Ball Valve Application
Authors: Vernhes Luc , Lee David A. , Poirier Dominique , Li Duanjie , Klemberg-Sapieha J.E. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This case study is the result of an investigation on HVOF Cr3C2-NiCr coating failure of on-off metal seated ball valve (MSBV) used in supercritical steam lines in a power plant and solution. HVOF Cr3C2-NiCr coating is used to protect thousands of MSBVs without incident. However, in this case the valves are challenged with exposure to rapid high pressure and temperature variation resulting in a unique situation where the coating experiences cracking and cohesive failure. A detailed investigation was undertaken by Velan, Kennametal Stellite, the National Research Council of Canada and the Ecole Polytechnique to determine possible failure cause and develop solutions in which highlights are presented.
Effects of PTA Torch Selection on Microstructure and Performance of WC-MMC Overlays
Authors: Wolfe T. , Fisher G. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Minimizing wear of mining components in the oil sands industry is key to increasing productivity and decreasing excessive maintenance costs. A significant amount of research has gone into the selection of appropriate materials for improved wear protection. Tungsten carbide overlays are applied to the most critical components, typically by plasma transferred arc welding (PTA-W). This study aims at investigating the effects of several commercial PTA torches in terms of overlay microstructure and performance. A commercial tungsten carbide-NiCrBSi metal matrix composite (MMC) was used as the overlay material. A variety of parameters were studied when comparing the torches; including heat input, powder delivery, and deposition pattern. The effect of the overlay microstructure was examined using optical, digital and electron microscopy. The overlay performance was gaged using dry sand abrasion testing (ASTM G65-04). The type of torch, powder delivery method or power source did not have any significant effect on the quality or performance of the overlay in terms of microstructure or abrasion resistance.
Cold Spray Forming Inconel 718
Authors: Wong W. , Irissou E. , Legoux J.-G. , Bernier F. , Vo P. , Yue S. , Michiyoshi S. , Fukanuma H. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this investigation, Inconel 718, a material known to cause nozzle clogging upon cold spraying, was cold spray formed to 6 mm-thick using the Plasma Giken cold spray system PCS- 1000. This was made possible due to the novel non-clogging nozzle material combined with a nozzle water cooling system. Coatings were as-spray formed using both nitrogen and helium as the propelling gasses. The resulting microstructures as well as the corresponding mechanical properties were studied. In addition, the effect of post-heat treatments was also investigated. It was found that for a given propelling gas used, the coating porosity level remained relatively similar (about 2.4% for nitrogen and 3.6% for helium) regardless of the coating treatment (as-sprayed or heat treated). Visual inspection from SEM micrographs showed a higher fraction of inter-particle metallurgical bonds for nitrogen gas sprayed coatings heat treated at 1250°C for 1 hour due to some sintering effect. This significantly affected its tensile properties with an average resulting ductility of 24.7%.
Impacting Behavior of Large Oxidized Copper Particles in Cold Spraying
Authors: Li Wenya , Yu Min , Guo Xueping , Liao Hanlin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A previous study demonstrated through experiments that surface oxide films of metallic particles have significant influence on the deposition efficiency, microstructure, and properties of cold sprayed coatings. To clearly reveal the underlying mechanism, this study focuses further on the effect of particle oxidation on deposition behavior through the designed use of oxidized copper particles having an average size of about 81 µm. The oxidized Cu powder was deposited by cold spraying to enable analysis of single impacts and coating deposition. In addition, the rebounded copper particles were collected for analysis of their morphology in comparison to the adhered particles. Results show that the deposition efficiency of the oxidized Cu particles is much lower than that of the annealed Cu powder. The thick oxide film prohibits the bonding of particles to an extreme extent. The clearance of interface oxide inclusions by plastic deformation of particles was also observed.
Kinetic Metallization of Interior Diameter Bores
Authors: Tapphorn R. , Gabel H. , Hashimoto K. , Crowe T. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Kinetic Metallization (KM) process allows the coating and dimensional restoration of interior diameter (ID) surfaces. It is a low temperature, low pressure, solid-state deposition process that is compliant with the recent MIL-STD-3021 cold spray materials deposition standard. The unique attribute of preheating powder particles to enhance ductility within the Kinetic Metallization process allows for high quality coating deposition onto the inner diameter of small-bore components using very short sonic nozzles. Inovati has developed a KM ID Spray Gun that can deposit a coating normal to the surface of the bore down to interior diameter sizes of 80-mm, with depth-to-diameter ratios exceeding 10-to-1. These ID deposition guns, when used with KM systems, can deposit the full range of coatings including structural aluminum alloys for rebuilding damaged forgings, superalloys for corrosion and/or oxidation protection, and hard-phase carbide coatings for wear resistance. This paper presents a case study for rebuilding of damaged 7075-Al forged landing gear outer cylinders requiring ID coating repairs of 0.020-0.030 inches in thickness. A separate study focuses on tungsten-carbide cobalt (WC-17Co) on steel liners and actuating cylinders for replacing hard chrome coatings and repairing worn cylinder bores.
Effect of Substrate Preheating on Bonding Strength of Cold-Sprayed Mg Coatings
Authors: Suo X.-K , Yu M. , Planche M.P. , Liao H. , Yu M. , Li W.-Y. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A magnesium coating with a low porosity and high microhardness was elaborated using cold spraying. However at present, a poor bonding strength between the coating and substrate limits its application. This paper aims at improving the bonding strength between the coating and substrate using substrate preheating. Aluminum substrates were heated to 100, 200 and 300°C respectively by a flame prior to cold spraying. The results show that substrate preheating can significantly increase the bonding strength. The bonding strength increased from 3.3±0.8 MPa to 11.6±0.5 MPa when the substrate temperature increased from room-temperature to 200°C. The fracture analyses show that the coating fracture occurred within the coating when the substrate was preheated at 200°C.
Influence of Accelerating Gas Flow Rate on Optical Property and Cohesion/Adhesion of Vacuum Cold Sprayed TiO2 Scattering Layer
Authors: He X.-L. , Yang G.-J. , Li C.-X. , Li C.-J. , Fan S.-Q. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Submicro-sized anatase TiO2 powder was used to prepare light scattering layers by vacuum cold spraying at room temperature. The microstructure of the TiO2 coatings was characterized to be correlated with optical property and adhesion/cohesion of the coatings. Results show that the light-reflecting ability of the coatings decreased with the increase of accelerating gas flow rate from 3.5 to 7.5 L/min and increased with the increase of coating thickness from 2 to 10 µm. Both the cohesion and adhesion of the coatings increased with the increase of the accelerating gas flow rate, due to the improvement of the particle-particle contact and the particle-substrate contact by the high velocity impact resulting from the increased powder particle velocity.
Cold-Spraying of Ti2AlC MAX-Phase Coatings
Authors: Gutzmann H. , Gärtner F. , Klassen T. , Höche D. , Blawert C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Cold spraying was applied to deposit Ti2AlC on different substrate materials. The study of single impacts by scanning electron microscopy indicates that bonding of the first layer is mainly attributed to the deformation and shear instabilities of the substrates. Nevertheless, the irregularly shaped particles appear to flatten by the impact. This deformation seems to be attributed to local, internal shear, but also to internal fracture. By applying up to five passes under more sophisticated spray parameters, Ti2AlC - coatings with thicknesses of about 110 to 155 µm can be achieved. XRD analysis of the coating proves that the crystallographic structure of the feedstock can be retained during cold spraying. The coating microstructures show rather low porosity, but several cracks between spray layers. Successful build-up of more than one monolayer can probably be attributed to internal deformation and occurring shear instabilities within the highly anisotropic Ti2AlC - phase.
Effect of Substrate Temperature on Cold-Gas Sprayed Coatings on Ceramic Substrates
Authors: Ernst K.-R. , Braeutigam J. , Gaertner F. , Klassen T. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The focus of this study is to deposit metallic coatings onto ceramic substrates for application in power electronics. One possibility to achieve the required surface activation is to heat the substrate during spraying. An increased substrate temperature significantly influences bond strength and coating properties. This is investigated for cold-gas sprayed copper and aluminum on thermally sprayed Al2O3 layers. The study examines the adhesion of single-impacting Cu particles as well as coating microstructures and mechanical and electrical coating properties. It is found that increasing the substrate temperature as well as increasing the surface roughness enhances the adhesion strength of single particles. Coatings sprayed on heated substrates adhere very well and show low compressive stresses. Their hardness is reduced significantly, while their electrical conductivity is optimized to values of over 90 % IACS (IACS: International annealed Copper standard, 100 % IACS equals 58 MS/m).
Influence of Fine Powder Feedstock (-10 +2 μm) on the HVOF Spraying Characteristics, Coating Morphology, and Properties of WC-CoCr 86-10-4
Authors: Nebel J. , Tillmann W. , Piotrowski W. , Laemmerhirt I.-A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The use of fine feedstock powder can extend the feasibility and scope of HVOF coatings to new fields of applications. Especially for the purpose of near-net-shape coatings they facilitate short spraying distances, homogeneous layer morphologies, and smooth coating surfaces. However, the small particle sizes also lead to several challenges. One major issue is the in-flight behavior which is distinctly affected by the low mass and relatively large surface of the particles. In this paper, the in-flight and coating characteristics of WC-CoCr 86-10-4 (-10 +2 μm) were investigated. It was determined that the fine powder feedstock shows a high sensitivity to the gas flow, velocity, and temperature of the spray jet. Because of their low mass inertia, their velocity, for example, is actually influenced by local pressure nodes (shock diamonds) in the supersonic flow. Additionally, the relatively large surface of the particles promotes partial overheating and degradation. Nevertheless, the morphological and mechanical properties of the sprayed layer are hardly affected. In fact, the coatings feature a superior surface roughness, porosity, hardness, and wear resistance.
Acoustic Emission Analysis by Twin Wire Arc Spraying Using Cored Wires with Different Powder Size
Authors: Zielke R. , Tillmann W. , Wang G. , Abdulgader M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
One of the greatest obstacles for a wide distribution of thermal spraying techniques is the lack of online control over the spraying process. The thermally sprayed coatings are optimized by an empirical modification of the spraying parameters and the subsequent correlation of these parameters to the obtained coatings. Some intrinsic parameters, such as the fluctuations in twin wire arc spraying and wear in the atomization nozzle, are not adjustable. Even though they have an enormous impact on the obtained coating quality, they are often scientifically neglected for reasons of simplification. In this work, acoustic emission analysis is utilized to study the effect of uncontrollable parameters on acoustic signals. In order to enable an easy determination of the changes in the acoustic signals, the acoustic sensors were mounted on the spraying nozzle as well as on the substrate. At increased current, a lower acoustic emission is recorded. A correlation between uncontrollable parameters, the acoustic signals, and the obtained coating quality was observed. This research contributes to the online control of the spraying process.
Control of Wire Arc Spraying Using Artificial Neural Networks for the Production of Thin-Walled Moulds for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics
Authors: Hartz-Behrend K. , Kirner S. , Schein J. , Jonke D. P. , Englhart M. , Zierhut J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Traditionally, large moulds for manufacturing of CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastics) parts are machined from a solid metal block making this way of manufacturing very energy and time consuming. Using wire arc spraying thin-walled moulds can be produced by spraying onto an original mould and separating the coating. In order to create a reliable and high quality product the manufacturing process needs to be highly reproducible. Thus the spraying process requires monitoring and control, which can be done using artificial neural networks (ANN). In our approach, for monitoring the process the diagnostic system PFI (Particle Flux Imaging) is used to characterize the spray particle stream, which is essentially achieved by fitting an ellipse to an image of the particle stream. Comparing deviations from a reference ellipse recorded for an “optimal” coating process provides data that can subsequently be used for process control. Investigations performed by the method of design of experiments (DOE) show a very strong correlation of the parameters pressure, current, and voltage with certain parts of the PFI data: for example the semi-minor axis of the ellipse depends linearly on voltage and current but quadratic on pressure. These results can further on be used to control the coating process by ANN. This paper discusses the application of this method and its feasibility for industrial use.