bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial resistance and the prevalence of the Panton-Valentine Leukocidin gene among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in Lithuania
Authors: Kirkliauskienė Agnė , Kriščiūnas Jonas , Miciulevičienė Jolanta , Radzišauskienė Daiva , Kačergius Tomas , Bratchikov Maksim , Kaplerienė Lina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most frequently identified pathogens causing nosocomial infections worldwide and, in many cases, exhibits resistance to multiple antimicrobials. However, there is a lack of data about the prevalence of S. aureus resistance to antimicrobials in major hospitals in Vilnius city, Lithuania. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the resistance to antimicrobials of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical specimens in Lithuanian hospitals and to identify the genes conferring resistance and virulence.
Methods
This study was carried out from June 2019 to September 2021. S. aureus strains were isolated from clinical specimens. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the disc diffusion method according to EUCAST guidelines. All our collected isolates were analysed for detection of the ermA, ermC, mecA, mecC, tetK, tetM and lukF-PV genes by multiplex real-time PCR. The 16S rRNA coding sequence was applied as an internal PCR control.
Results
A total of 745 S. aureus strains isolated from clinical specimens were analysed. A total of 69.0% of strains were isolated from the skin and soft tissues, 14.5% from blood, 11.7% from the lower respiratory tract, 2.7% from urine and 2.1% from other specimens. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that all 745 isolates were susceptible to rifampin and vancomycin. Of the 745 strains, 94.8% were susceptible to tetracycline, 94.5% to clindamycin and 88.3% to erythromycin. The lowest susceptibility rate was found to penicillin (25.8%). Six percent of the tested strains were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The majority of methicillin-resistant strains were isolated from skin and soft tissues (73.3%), with a smaller portion isolated from blood (17.8%) and the respiratory tract (8.9%). The ermC gene was detected in 41.1% of erythromycin-resistant S. aureus strains, whereas ermA was detected in 32.2% of erythromycin-resistant S. aureus strains. A total of 69.2% of tetracycline-resistant S. aureus strains had the tetK gene, and 28.2% had the tetM gene. A total of 7.3% of S. aureus isolates harboured the lukF-PV gene. The frequency of pvl gene detection was significantly higher in the MRSA isolates than in the methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates (p < 0.0001).
Conclusions
All tested strains were susceptible to rifampicin and vancomycin. A total of 6% of the strains were MRSA. The lowest susceptibility rate was found to penicillin. The tetK gene was predominant among S. aureus strains resistant to tetracycline, and the ermC gene was predominant among erythromycin-resistant strains. Seven percent of S. aureus isolates harboured the lukF-PV gene, which was more prevalent in methicillin-resistant strains.
The Association Between Different Digital Use and Young Adults’ Well-being
Authors: Chen Yijun , Zhang Xiaochu , Akaishi Rei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Digital technology, particularly smartphones, has become an integral part of modern life, raising concerns about its impact on well-being, especially among young people. Previous studies have yielded inconsistent results, possibly due to a lack of differentiation between different types of digital use and an overemphasis on the connection between smartphone use and well-being while neglecting confounding variables such as face-to-face communication time. In this pre-registered study, we employed the experience sampling method (ESM) to track the daily activities of 418 individuals over 21 days and analyzed the data using multilevel models and psychometric network models. Our study specifically examined the effects of different communication targets (one-to-one vs. one-to-many) and communication modes (online vs. offline). The findings revealed that digital use has only a small direct effect on well-being, with negative impact of one-to-many online communication (e.g., viewing Twitter or Instagram). Increased digital use was found to reduce offline communication time, indirectly influencing well-being to a large degree. Overall, this study has the potential to reconcile the inconsistent findings regarding the effects of digital technology on well-being with indirect effects through reduction of offline communication time. The negative impact of one-to-many online communication, which constitutes a significant portion of digital use time, warrants further attention.
Multimodal climate change prediction in a monsoon climate
Authors: Mohan Sankaralingam , Sinha Akash 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The uncertainty in the climate projection arising from various climate models is very common, and averaging such results poses a risk of underestimation or sometimes overestimation of impact in magnitude and frequency. Further, the performance of various climate models in monsoon degrades drastically due to the skewed nature. Under these circumstances, the performance of the climate model in the monsoon and non-monsoon periods is critical for accurate assessment. A multimodal approach has been used in the present work to quantify the uncertainty involved in the climate model using reliability ensemble averaging (REA). Based on AR6 of IPCC, the ensemble of 26 global climate models (GCMs) was used to evaluate the model performance and possible change in seasonal precipitation in four cities with distinct climate conditions, namely, Coimbatore, Rajkot, Udaipur, and Siliguri. The results show that non-monsoon and monsoon rainfall are expected to increase in all the regions. Most of the models perform poorly in simulating monsoon climate, especially in the monsoon period and are highly inconsistent spatially. The study also finds that the model performance is largely linked to the ratio of natural variability and mean.
Assessment of carbon neutrality in waste water treatment systems through deep learning algorithm
Authors: Sundar L. Syam , Almujibah Hamad , Alshahri Abdullah H. , Ancha Venkata Ramayya 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Around the world, it is growing harder to provide clean and safe drinking water. In wastewater treatment, sensors are employed, and the Internet of Things (IoT) is used to transmit data. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical demand (BOD), total nitrogen (T-N), total suspended solids (TSS), and phosphorous (T-P) components all contribute to eutrophication, which must be avoided. The wastewater sector has lately made efforts to become carbon neutral; however, the environmental impact and the road to carbon neutrality have received very little attention. The challenges are caused by poor prediction. This research proposes deep learning modified neural networks (DLMNN) with Binary Spotted Hyena Optimizer (BSHO) for modeling and calculations to address this challenge. All efforts for resource recovery, water reuse, and energy recovery partially attain this objective. In contrast to previous modeling techniques, the DLMNN-training BSHOs and validation demonstrated outstanding accuracy shown by the model's high coefficient (R2) for both training and testing. Also covered are recent developments and problems with nanomaterials made from sustainable carbon and graphene quantum dots, as well as their uses in the treatment and purification of wastewater. The proposed model DLMNN-BSHO achieved 95.936% precision, 95.326% recall, 93.747% F-score, and 99.637% accuracy.
A Review on the Anticancer Activity of Carbazole-based Tricyclic
Compounds
Authors: Zhang Hua , Zhang Wen , Zhu Mengyu , Awadasseid Annoor 
Published: August 2023

:
Cancers are a huge threat to human life and health. Every year, many people
suffer and die from various cancers, and numerous resources have been used to combat
cancer. Due to several disadvantages of anticancer agents, such as drug-induced side effects,
drug resistance, etc., there are still wide gaps in their ability to conquer cancer.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover and develop many novel chemotypes to
suppress cancer. In this review, we mainly focus on the anticancer potency of two representative
sorts of carbazole-based compounds: carboline derivatives and diazacarbazole
derivatives. Diazacarbazole derivatives, which have not been fully explored yet, might
bring us a new vision and a valuable opportunity for overcoming the enormous hurdle we
are now facing in the cancer campaign. We also provide several synthetic approaches for
constructing the critical skeletons of the carbazole-based tricyclic compounds.
Atezolizumab Lung Toxicity: Importance of Combination Treatment On
The Edge of Life, A Case Report
Authors: Koc Aysu Sinem , Can Orcun , Kobak Senol 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Lung cancer is one of the most common and mortal cancers worldwide. According to pathological and clinical groups, treatments vary, and a tailored approach is considered. Adjuvant therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiation, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), are recommended by recent guidelines for patients with locally advanced cancer.

Objective:
This study aimed to report the case of a patient with stage 2B squamous cell lung carcinoma who was managed for pulmonary toxicity after receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and atezolizumab treatment.

Case report:
A 66-year-old male patient received chemotherapy and immunotherapy after surgery for squamous cell lung cancer. A diagnosis of atezolizumab-associated pneumonitis was made using laboratory tests and imaging due to the patient's worsening dyspnea after treatment. Due to the patient's rapid progression, pulse steroid and MMF therapy were administered concurrently. When Klebsiella pneumoniae growth was detected in the sputum culture during the follow-up, IVIg was used to supplement the medication. The patient showed significant clinical and radiological improvement.

Conclusion:
In this study, we present an atezolizumab-induced pneumonitis case of a squamous cell lung cancer patient. It may be life-saving not to avoid aggressive treatment approaches by combining the steps of guideline recommendations in patients with rapidly progressive pneumonitis.
The Effect of Fingolimod on Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in a Rat Model
Authors: Bagheri Yasin , Ahmadian Elham , Hejazian Seyyedeh Mina , Raeesi Maryam , Zununi Vahed Sepideh , Ardalan Mohammadreza 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) that induces inflammation and oxidative stress. The main goal of the current study was to assess the impact of fingolimod on kidney IRI in rats.

Methods:
For this purpose, 18 male Wistar rats (220–250g) were divided into three groups including (i) Sham, (ii) I/R, and (iii) fingolimod+I/R. The last group was pretreated with a single dose of fingolimod (1mg/kg) (intraperitoneal injection) before induction of the I/R injury. Kidney function, oxidative stress marker (malondialdehyde), and antioxidant markers (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity) were determined in the kidney tissue of the rats. Moreover, kidney samples were taken for histological analysis.

Results:
Fingolimod pre-treatment could significantly improve the glutathione peroxidase (p<0.01) and glutathione (p<0.001) activities along with the total antioxidant capacity levels (p<0.001) when compared to the I/R group. Moreover, significant recovery of kidney function and histology was seen in the fingolimod+ I/R group compared to the I/R group (p<0.01).

Conclusion:
Fingolimod pretreatment could improve renal function, antioxidant capacity, and histological alterations after I/R injury. Hence, it might protect the kidney against IRI-related kidney damage including AKI and transplantation.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS ADANYA KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA SEBAGAI ALASAN UNTUK MELAKUKAN PERCERAIAN
Authors: Mayasari Dian Ety 
Published: August 2023

In marriage between husband and wife disputes often occur not infrequently accompanied by violence perpetrated by one party and led to divorce. One of the reasons that lead to divorce in Article 19 of Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975 was particularly severe cruelty or mistreatment to harm others. When one of the victims of domestic violence and can show strong evidence in the trial as well as husband and wife can not live together in a household, then the divorce petition can be granted court pursuant to Article 39 paragraph (1) of Law No. 1 of 1974. Dalam perkawinan antara suami dan istri sering terjadi perselisihan yang tidak jarang disertai dengan kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh salah satu pihak dan mengakibatkan terjadinya perceraian. Salah satu alasan yang menyebabkan perceraian dalam Pasal 19 Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 9 Tahun 1975 adalah salah satu pihak melakukan kekejaman atau penganiayaan berat yang membahayakan orang lain. Ketika salah satu korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga dan dapat menunjukkan bukti yang kuat dalam persidangan serta suami dan istri tidak bisa hidup bersama dalam sebuah rumah tangga, maka permohonan perceraian dapat diberikan sidang pengadilan berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 39 ayat (1) UU No. 1 Tahun 1974.
AKIBAT HUKUM PEMBUBARAN BP MIGAS
Authors: Mujiburohman Dian Aries 
Published: August 2023

This paper discusses the Constitutional Court Decision Number 36/PUU-X/2012 concerning judicial review of Law Number 22 Year 2001 on Oil and Gas, which contains the dissolution judgment Oil and Gas Executive Agency (BP Migas). This study focuses on meaning of the State Control over Oil and Natural as resources which is considered to be degraded by the presence of BP Migas and the legal consequences after the dissolution of BP Migas, the impact of the dissolution to institution of the above mentioned, BP Migas, the contract of cooperation and the status of their employees. Tulisan ini membahas tentang Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 36/PUU-X/2012 perihal Pengujian Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2001 tentang Minyak dan Gas Bumi, putusan yang berisi pembubaran Badan Pelaksana Minyak dan Gas Bumi (BP Migas), kajian ini menitikberatkan pada makna Penguasaan Negara atas Sumber Daya Alam Migas yang dianggap telah terdegradasi oleh keberadaan BP Migas dan apa akibat hukum pasca pembubaran BP Migas terhadap kelembagaan, kontrak kerja sama, status pengawas BP Migas.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COMPLEMENTARITY PRINCIPLE WITHIN THE ROME STATUTE IN INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW
Authors: Triyana Heribertus Jaka 
Published: August 2023

In practice, the application of the complementarity principle in the Rome Statute remains unclear, particularly with respect to the prioritization of national penal law jurisdiction. This paper willdiscuss the relevance of the complementarity principle to the development of a national criminal justice system and to the investigation and prosecution of the most serious crimes provided for in the Statute. It was concluded that the complementarity principle should be used to unravel the twisted development of the national criminal justice system in accordance with the provisions of international law. We need to establish our national criminal justice system as the main and foremost forum (hence, willing and able) in the process of investigating and prosecuting the most serious crimes on earth. Dalam praktik, aplikasi Asas Pelengkap (the complementarity principle) dalam Statuta Roma masihbelum jelas, khususnya terkait dengan pengutamaan (prioritization) yurisdiksi hukum pidana nasional. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini akan membahas relevansi asas tersebut terhadap pembangunan sistem hukum pidana nasional dan terhadap penyelidikan dan penuntutan kejahatan paling serius yang diatur dalam Statuta. Disimpulkan bahwa Asas Pelengkap harus Mahkamah digunakan sebagai pengurai benang kusutpembangunan sistem hukum pidana nasional Indonesia sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum internasional supaya menjadi forum utama (mau dan mampu) dalam proses penyelidikan dan penuntutan kejahatan paling serius di muka bumi.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION’S DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISM
Authors: Alfaqiih Abdurrahman 
Published: August 2023

Many WTO (World Trade Organization) member States have made use of the WTO dispute settlement mechanism. Nevertheless, the debate over the effectiveness of this mechanism is still happening and is animportant issue to be discussed. This article aims to explain the effectiveness of the WTO dispute settlement mechanism. Its time frame, participation (particularly developing countries) and its achievements areu sed to measure such effectiveness. This article concludes that the WTO dispute settlement mechanism effectively resolves the disputes among the members. Tidak sedikit negara-negara anggota WTO (World Trade Organization) memanfaatkan mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa dagang internasional di WTO. Namun demikian, perdebatan tentang keefektifan mekanisme ini masih terus terjadi dan menjadi isu yang penting untuk dikaji. Tulisan ini bertujuan untukmenjelaskan argumentasi efektifitas mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa dagang internasional di WTO. Pendekatan waktu, partisipasi (khususnya negara berkembang) dan pencapaian menjadi tolak ukur pengukuran efektifitas mekanisme tersebut. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa dagang internasional di WTO berjalan secara efektif.
CLASS ACTION AGAINST THE NON-IMMEDIACY OF RATIFICATION OF THE 1990 MIGRANT WORKERS CONVENTION
Authors: Dewanto Wisnu Aryo 
Published: August 2023

Ratification of treaties in Indonesia can be regarded as mere political acts, as ratification itself does not yet rule for its enforcement in Indonesia’s jurisdiction. As stipulated in Article 11 of the 1945Indonesian Constitution, these ratifications are still subject to consent from the Indonesian House of Representatives (DPR) as they are the appointed institution in Indonesia with treaty-making powers. The act of ratification by the Indonesian Government is regarded as a ratification only in the international sense, where such action would only make the treaty enter into force internationally, but not internally within Indonesia. This paper seeks to analyze the legal implications which signatureand ratification of international treaties may hold in the Indonesian government. Such is done by studying the class action lawsuit for Indonesia being signatories the Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Member of Their Families and its failure continue to further ratify the Convention. Ratifikasi perjanjian internasional merupakan tindakan politik yang memerlukan persetujuan dari Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) sebagai lembaga dengan treaty-making power sebagaimana yangdiatur oleh Pasal 11 UUD 1945. Tindakan ratifikasi oleh Pemerintah Indonesia hanya bermakna sebagairatification hanya dalam the international sense, yakni membuat perjanjian tersebut berlaku di levelinternasional, bukan berlaku di wilayah hukum Republik Indonesia. Artikel ini menganalisis proses andimplikasi hukum diratifikasinya dan ditandatanganinya suatu perjanjian internasional oleh PemerintahIndonesia dengan menelaah gugatan class action yang dilakukan terhadap Pemerintah Indonesia mengenaibelum diratifikasinya Konvensi Buruh Migran.
REGULATION ON FOREIGN INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS AND NOMINEE PRACTICES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Kairupan David 
Published: August 2023

Certain provisions of Presidential Regulation No. 36 of 2010 concerning Negative Investment List are not clearly stipulated. In relation to the restrictions of foreign investment in certain business sectors asspecified in the Negative Investment List Article 33 para. (1) and (2) of the 2007 Investment Law expressly prohibits investors from entering into any nominee shareholding documentation. Notwithstanding, manynominee shareholding practices are still employed in Indonesia, aiming to circumvent such restrictions.This paper addresses certain issues on Presidential Regulation No. 36 of 2010 and nominee shareholding practices in Indonesia. Beberapa ketentuan dalam peraturan Presiden No. 36 Tahun 2010 yang mengandung ketentuan Daftar Negatif Investasi tidak dirumuskan secara jelas. Sehubungan dengan pembatasan kepemilikan modal asing di beberapa sektor usaha, Pasal 33 ayat (1) dan (2) Undang-Undang Penanaman Modal No. 25 Tahun 2007 secara tegas melarang penanam modal membuat dokumen-dokumen yang terkait dengankepemilikan saham secara nominee. Namun demikian, praktik kepemilikan saham secara nominee masih sering dilakukan di Indonesia untuk menghindari pembatasan tersebut. Tulisan ini akan membahasbeberapa permasalahan yang berhubungan dengan Peraturan Presiden No. 36 Tahun 2010 dan praktek kepemilikan saham secara nominee di Indonesia.
FAKTOR HISTORIS, SOSIOLOGIS, POLITIS, DAN YURIDIS DALAM PENYUSUNAN RUU HAP
Authors: Gunarto Marcus Priyo 
Published: August 2023

After thirty years of its application, the Criminal Procedural Code shows a number of weaknesses in its implementation. The idea to overcome the weaknesses of the criminal procedural law, among others, is by replacing the Law No. 8/1981 on the Criminal Procedural Code. To formulate a draft Criminal Code, there are some aspects that needs to be considered namely historical, sociological, political and legal issues. Because the Criminal Procedure Code, which acts as a guide in court examinations, involves different sectors of the law enforcements, the draft on the Criminal Procedural Code should be a multisector act. Setelah berlaku selama lebih tiga puluh (30) tahun sebagai hukum positif, Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Acara Pidana menunjukkan sejumlah kelemahan dalam pelaksanaannya. Gagasan untuk mengatasi kelemahan dari hukum acara pidana, antara lain dilakukan dengan mengganti Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 1981 tentang Kitab Hukum Acara Pidana. Untuk merumuskan Rancangan Hukum Acara Pidana, ada beberapa aspek historis, sosiologis, politik dan yuridis yang harus dipertimbangkan. Oleh karena Hukum Acara Pidana sebagai pedoman untuk memeriksa pengadilan umum akan melibatkan beberapa unsur penegak hukum, maka Rancangan Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana harus ditempatkan sebagai undang-undang multisektor.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW IN INDONESIA AFTER 2001
Authors: Sinaga Valerie Selvie 
Published: August 2023

This paper reviews the major changes of intellectual property condition in Indonesia after 2001. In that year, Indonesia, which has become a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) since 1994, was ready to meet its commitment under TRIPS. To do so, Indonesiahas made changes in the areas of legislation, administration, court proceedings, and law enforcement. The paper also discusses problematic issues surrounded the implementation of such changes in Indonesia. Tulisan ini melihat kembali perubahan-perubahan besar dalam bidang hak kekayaan intelektual di Indonesia setelah tahun 2001. Pada tahun tersebut, Indonesia, yang telah menjadi anggota Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) sejak 1994, siap untuk memenuhi komitmennya dalam TRIPS. Untuk memenuhi komitmen tersebut, Indonesia telah membuat perubahan-perubahan dalam bidang legislatif, administratif, tata cara pengadilan dan penegakan hukum. Tulisan ini juga membahas permasalahan di seputar pelaksanaan perubahan-perubahan tersebut.