bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of speech perception in bimodal cochlear implant patients with respect to the cochlear coverage
Authors: Rader Tobias , Schrank Leonhard , Spiegel Jennifer L. , Nachtigäller Pascal , Spiro Judith E. , Hempel John-Martin , Canis Martin , Mueller Joachim 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The hearing success of patients with bimodal fitting, utilizing both a cochlear implant (CI) and a hearing aid (HA), varies considerably: While some patients benefit from bimodal CI and HA, others do not.

Objectives
This retrospective study aimed to investigate speech perception in bimodally fitted patients and compare it with the cochlear coverage (CC).

Methods
The CC was calculated with the OTOPLAN software, measuring the cochlear duct length on temporal bone CT scans of 39 patients retrospectively. The patients were categorized into two groups: CC ≤ 65% (CC500) and CC > 65% (CC600). Monaural speech intelligibility for monosyllables at a sound pressure level (SPL) of 65 dB in a free-field setting was assessed before and after CI at various time points. The two groups, one with preoperative HA and one with postoperative CI, were compared. Additionally, speech intelligibility was correlated with CC in the entire cohort before CI and at the last available follow-up (last observation time, LOT).

Results
Overall, there was no significant difference in speech intelligibility between CC500 and CC600 patients, with both groups demonstrating a consistent improvement after implantation. While CC600 patients tended to exhibit earlier improvement in speech intelligibility, CC500 patients showed a slower initial improvement within the first 3 months but demonstrated a steeper learning curve thereafter. At LOT, the two patient groups converged, with no significant differences in expected speech intelligibility. There was no significant relationship between unimodal/unilateral free-field speech intelligibility and CC. Interestingly, patients with a CC of 70–75% achieved the highest speech intelligibility.

Conclusion
Despite of the lack of a significant correlation between CC and speech perception, patients appeared to reach their maximum in unimodal/unilateral speech perception primarily at a coverage level of 70–75%. Nevertheless, further investigation is warranted, as CC500 was associated with shorter cochlear duct length, and different types of electrodes were used in both groups.
Die Ideale der IT-Industrie
Authors: Popow Christian 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Artikel werden die Geschichte und Hintergründe der IT-Industrie, die hohen Ziele und was aus ihnen geworden ist, beschrieben. Ausgehend vom militärischen Kommunikationsprojekt ARPANET haben sich seit den 1970er-Jahren die Computertechnologie und insbesondere die Informationstechnologie ungemein rasant entwickelt. In 6 Thesen wird der Hintergrund dieser wissenschaftlichen und wirtschaftlichen Erfolgsgeschichte dargestellt und hinterfragt.
Potentials and challenges in enhancing the gear transmission development with machine learning methods—a review
Authors: Sendlbeck Stefan , Maurer Matthias , Otto Michael , Stahl Karsten 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe electrification of vehicle powertrains and the expected engineering labor shortage are ongoing key challenges in the gear transmission development. Because traditional methods reach limits, the solution is further automating the design process while enabling flexible and optimal design solutions even with rapidly changing constraints and requirements. We therefore review the current design process, review state-of-the-art methods for automated gear transmission design, and evaluate their potential and the challenges in combination with using machine learning methods. In focus are grammars and graph grammars in particular, which offer an approach to represent and generate the relational structure of transmission topologies or shaft arrangements. Other potential approaches are knowledge-based engineering, which allows to choose various predefined expert design solution and combine them to new designs, and constraint programming for gear transmission generation. Combining these methods with latest advances in reinforcement learning, machine learning for inverse problem-solving, and graph neural networks offers promising capabilities for automatic topology generation and dimensioning of gear transmissions.
The contribution of aphids (Aphidoidea) to atmospheric concentrations of Alternaria and Cladosporium spores
Authors: Magyar Donát , Strażyński Przemysław , Grewling Łukasz , Pashley Catherine H. , Satchwell Jack , Bobvos János , Ladányi Márta 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHoneydew extracted by aphids serves as nutrient for the development of sooty moulds. Hypothetically, population dynamics of aphids should therefore have an effect on the airborne levels of the spores of fungi colonizing honeydew. In this study, the effects of seven aphid taxa on Alternaria and Cladosporium spore seasons (both pathogenic and allergenic fungi) were analysed on a total of 20-year-long dataset in Kecskemét (Hungary), Leicester (UK) and Poznań (Poland). Meteorological factors strongly effected both aphid and fungal populations. In most cases, a direct effect of weather on fungal levels were found. Direct effect of two aphid species, Acyrthosiphon pisum and Euceraphis punctipennis, on the atmospheric concentration of Alternaria spores was identified in Leicester and Poznań in June and July respectively. Other aphid species had secondary, but significant effects during other time periods. This suggests aphid population data can be informative in predicting airborne concentrations of Alternaria and Cladosporium spores.
Graphical abstract
Determining the underlying role of corporate sustainability criteria in a ranking problem using UW-TOPSIS
Authors: López-García A. , Liern V. , Pérez-Gladish B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractESG criteria are becoming increasingly important for institutional and retail investors with a consequent growing demand of reliable and transparent ESG data to support their decisions. Several ESG rating agencies assess companies providing ratings and rankings. However, their rating methodologies are subject to some criticisms. One of the main weaknesses is the determination of the relative importance of the ESG criteria involved in the rating process. In this work, we propose the use of a MCDM rating and ranking approach with which the decision maker can rank firms based on their ESG global performance without the elicitation of aggregation weights. The approach, UW-TOPSIS, provides three outputs: the global ESG rating of the firms, a ranking based on the ratings and, for each alternative, a vector of weights describing the discriminatory power of the ESG criteria on the alternative, thus overcoming one of the criticisms to the methodologies of ESG rating agencies. However, UW-TOPSIS has a limitation as it does not provide a global vector of weights valid for all the alternatives in the ranking, expressing the overall role or contribution of each criteria to the componsition of the ranking. The acknowledge and analysis of this situation and the proposal of a solution, is the main objective of this paper.
A preliminary engagement with the spatiality of power in cyberwar
Authors: Ashraf Cameran 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe growing prevalence of cyberwar highlights rapidly shifting conceptions of geopolitical space in global politics. However, critical geographical engagement with the topic remains limited, leaving the geopolitical spaces of cyberwar critically unexamined. To facilitate greater geographical engagement with cyberwar, this paper proposes a spatiality of power model to examine how political space and power might manifest in cyberwar. The model proposes four ways in which political space and power manifest offline and how the model can be applied towards cyberwar. The utility of the model is then applied as a framework for examining three well-known cyberwar case studies: the Estonia–Russia 2007 cyberwar, the Georgia–Russia cyber and kinetic war in 2008, and the U.S.-Iran cyberwar from 2010 to 2013 with a focus on the Stuxnet malware.
Dexterity, Workspace and Performance Analysis of the Conceptual Design of a Novel Three-legged, Redundant, Lightweight, Compliant, Serial-parallel Robot
Authors: Feller David 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this article, the mechanical design and analysis of a novel three-legged, agile robot with passively compliant 4-degrees-of-freedom legs, comprising a hybrid topology of serial, planar and spherical parallel structures, is presented. The design aims to combine the established principle of the Spring Loaded Inverted Pendulum model for energy efficient locomotion with the accuracy and strength of parallel mechanisms for manipulation tasks. The study involves several kinematics and Jacobian based analyses that specifically evaluate the application of a non-overconstrained spherical parallel manipulator as a robot hip joint, decoupling impact forces and actuation torques, suitable for the requirements of legged locomotion. The dexterity is investigated with respect to joint limits and workspace boundary contours, showing that the mechanism stays well conditioned and allows for a sufficient range of motion. Based on the functional redundancy of the constrained serial-parallel architecture it is furthermore revealed that the robot allows for the exploitation of optimal leg postures, resulting in the possible optimization of actuator load distribution and accuracy improvements. Consequently, the workspace of the robot torso as additional end-effector is investigated for the possible application of object manipulation tasks. Results reveal the existence of a sufficient volume applicable for spatial motion of the torso in the statically stable tripodal posture. In addition, a critical load estimation is derived, which yields a posture dependent performance index that evaluates the risks of overload situations for the individual actuators.
Real earnings management in the motion picture industry: strengthening the inferences from academic research
Authors: Foster George 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Gong, Young, and Zhou (GYZ) (Gong et al. 2023) paper examines potential earnings management by movie studio companies. Using a large sample of 3094 US-produced English-language movies released between 1997 and 2019, they find that movie studio companies, when faced with a below expected US box office revenue yield from their movies in a specific quarter, move up the release dates of movies with high expected revenues. This “move-up” release is an example of what the accounting research literature calls real earnings management. This commentary on GYZ (Gong et al. 2023) adds more structure to the decision-making context in which movie release dates are set, placing greater emphasis on the role of movie screening companies, which have the final say on the release dates for the movies they show on their screens. It also highlights the rich information setting that exists in the motion picture industry, which can be further exploited to probe the reliability of the earnings management findings reported by GYZ (Gong et al. 2023). This rich information includes security analyst reports and screen days available to quarter-end for each movie released. The commentary has relevance for other research in specific industries where the institutional domain has the potential to provide insight into real earnings management.
Extracting prime protein targets as possible drug candidates: machine learning evaluation
Authors: Chattopadhyay Subhagata , Do Nhat Phuong , Flower Darren R. , Chattopadhyay Amit K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExtracting “high ranking” or “prime protein targets” (PPTs) as potent MRSA drug candidates from a given set of ligands is a key challenge in efficient molecular docking. This study combines protein-versus-ligand matching molecular docking (MD) data extracted from 10 independent molecular docking (MD) evaluations — ADFR, DOCK, Gemdock, Ledock, Plants, Psovina, Quickvina2, smina, vina, and vinaxb to identify top MRSA drug candidates. Twenty-nine active protein targets (APT) from the enhanced DUD-E repository (http://DUD-E.decoys.org) are matched against 1040 ligands using “forward modeling” machine learning for initial “data mining and modeling” (DDM) to extract PPTs and the corresponding high affinity ligands (HALs). K-means clustering (KMC) is then performed on 400 ligands matched against 29 PTs, with each cluster accommodating HALs, and the corresponding PPTs. Performance of KMC is then validated against randomly chosen head, tail, and middle active ligands (ALs). KMC outcomes have been validated against two other clustering methods, namely, Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and density based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN). While GMM shows similar results as with KMC, DBSCAN has failed to yield more than one cluster and handle the noise (outliers), thus affirming the choice of KMC or GMM. Databases obtained from ADFR to mine PPTs are then ranked according to the number of the corresponding HAL-PPT combinations (HPC) inside the derived clusters, an approach called “reverse modeling” (RM). From the set of 29 PTs studied, RM predicts high fidelity of 5 PPTs (17%) that bind with 76 out of 400, i.e., 19% ligands leading to a prediction of next-generation MRSA drug candidates: PPT2 (average HPC is 41.1%) is the top choice, followed by PPT14 (average HPC 25.46%), and then PPT15 (average HPC 23.12%). This algorithm can be generically implemented irrespective of pathogenic forms and is particularly effective for sparse data.
Graphical Abstract
Gutes Altwerden auf dem Land
Authors: Alemi Aziza Lena , Bär Gesine , Kasberg Azize , Huth Annegret 
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Altwerden in ländlichen Regionen gestaltet sich aufgrund struktureller Probleme zunehmend als schwierig.

Ziel
Partizipativ den Bedarf für „Gutes Altwerden auf dem Land“ zu ermitteln war das Ziel des Projektes „Dorf
explorativ“. Dem haben sich die Praxisforschungsstelle für Lebensmodelle im Alter auf dem Land im
brandenburgischen Heinersdorf und die Alice
Salomon Hochschule Berlin (ASH) im Rahmen eines Lehrforschungsprojekts von Januar bis September 2021
angenommen.

Methode
Auf Grundlage des Gemeindekapazitätskonzeptes konnten die Forschungsbereiche Beteiligung, Dorfgemeinschaft,
Mobilität und Wohnen identifiziert werden. Diese wurden mit der partizipativen Methode, der Structured-Interview-
Matrix (SIM), im Forschungsort mit 22 Einwohner:innen erhoben.

Ergebnisse
Inhaltlich konnte zu allen Themen Handlungsbedarf ermittelt werden, etwa zu Dorfgemeinschaft zwischen
Generationen oder Mobilität im Alter. Darüber hinaus konnten bereits fortlaufende Partnerschaften und engagierte
Personen auf dieser
Grundlage akquiriert werden. Methodisch verhalf die SIM zu weiterführenden Ergebnissen. Entwicklungsbedarf
zeigte sich jedoch für die methodische Ausarbeitung vor allem in Bezug auf den Ablauf während der Erhebung.
Das Auswertungsverfahren,
das ebenfalls partizipativ angelegt wurde, bedurfte vieler zeitlicher Ressourcen der studentischen Mitarbeitenden
und Praxispartnerinnen. Dieser Einsatz partizipativer Methoden sowohl für die Erhebung als auch für die
Auswertung müsste in folgenden Forschungsvorhaben weiter überprüft werden.

Schlussfolgerungen
Schlussfolgernd konnten dennoch für alle beteiligten Akteur:innen und Institutionen Ergebnisse erhoben werden,
die sowohl für die weitere lokale Entwicklung als auch für zukünftige Forschungsarbeiten dienlich sind.
The longitudinal interplay of self-esteem, social relationships, and academic achievement during adolescence: Theoretical notions and bivariate meta-analytic findings
Authors: Wagner Jenny , Brandt Naemi D. , Bien Kristina , Bombik Margarete 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSelf-esteem and social relationships have been recognized as key socio-emotional predictors of diverse life-outcomes in adolescence and beyond. Despite such recognitions, fairly little is known about their longitudinal interplay with academic variables and thus, to what degree educational outcomes are interrelated with these socio-emotional dynamics during adolescence. Whereas the interplay between self-esteem and social relationships is already well documented in developmental and personality psychological research, the goal of the current paper is to extend this bivariate picture by including the educational perspective. Specifically, the aim of the current study is twofold: From a theoretical point of view, we aim to integrate developmental, differential, and educational concepts to emphasize the importance of a joint consideration of self-esteem, social relationships, and academic achievement during adolescence. Empirically, we aim to present a meta-analytic overview on existing longitudinal studies to illustrate the current knowledge and highlight remaining research gaps in the current adolescent literature. We conclude by outlining important directions for future research.
Correlation between the level of sulfane sulfur and the expression/activity of sulfurtransferases in chicken tissues – a possible ways of cyanide detoxification
Authors: Kaleta Konrad , Misterka Anna , Rydz Leszek , Wróbel Maria , Jurkowska Halina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCyanogenic glycosides are a large group of secondary metabolites that are widely distributed in the many plants commonly consumed by humans, birds, and other animals. Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (TST) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST), are two evolutionary-related enzymes that constitute the defense against cyanide toxication and participate in the production of sulfane sulfur-containing compounds. The expression and activity of TST and MPST as well as the level of sulfane sulfur in chicken tissue homogenates of the liver, heart, and gizzard were investigated. The highest expression/activity of TST and MPST was noticed in liver homogenates which was associated with the high sulfane sulfur level. Both the expression and activity of TST as well as the sulfane sulfur level in chicken gizzard homogenates were significantly lower than in the liver and heart. Both TST and MPST enzymes can play an important role in cyanide detoxification in chicken tissues. Maintaining appropriate sulfane sulfur level together with the high activity of these enzymes is essential to protect tissues from the toxic effects of cyanide, released from certain nutrients.
Classification of T6 Tempered 6XXX Series Aluminum Alloys Based on Machine Learning Principles
Authors: Tiwari Tanu , Jalalian Sadegh , Mendis Chamini , Eskin Dmitry 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAluminum alloys are widely used in each sector of engineering because of their lower density coupled with higher strength compared to many existing alloys of other metals. Due to these unique characteristics, there is acceleration in demand and discovery of new aluminum alloys with targeted properties and compositions. Traditional methods of designing new materials with desired properties, like ‘domain specialists and trial-and-error ' approaches, are laborious and costly. These techniques also lead to the expansion of alloy search area. Also, high demand for recycling of aluminum alloys requires fewer alloy groups. We suggest a machine learning design system to reduce the number of grades in the 6XXX series of aluminum alloys by collecting the features involving chemical composition and tensile properties at T6 tempering state. This work demonstrates the efficiency of grouping the aluminum alloys into a number of clusters by a combined PCA and K-means algorithm. To understand the physics inside the clusters we used an explainable artificial intelligence algorithm and connected the findings with sound metallurgical reasoning. Through machine learning we will narrow down the search space of 6XXX series aluminum alloys to few groups. This work offers a useful method for reducing compositional space of aluminum alloys.
Development and evidence of validity of the new sexual double standard scale
Authors: Amaro Helena Delgado , Alvarez Maria-João , Ferreira Joaquim Armando , Pereira Cícero Roberto 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Sexual Double Standard is a complex multi-layered construct that functions as an organizing principle of heterosexual behavior. It is a dynamic, ubiquitous, two-dimensional sexual gendered norm, the quantitative exploration of which requires up-to-date assessment tools to better capture both personal endorsement and social recognition of the SDS. This study develops a New SDS Scale to assess personal SDS, which is easily adapted to measure societal SDS, with demonstration of its validity and gender invariance. College students (N = 481) completed the New SDS Scale, plus convergent-divergent and concurrent validity measures. Exploratory analysis indicated an eight-item two-factor structure. Confirmatory factor analysis showed the better adjustment of a bifactor structure combining a general factor of SDS and the subscales Sexual Relationships and Actions/Activities. In addition to factorial validity, results were also demonstrative of convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity, and reliability and gender invariance were demonstrated. The new scale may be a useful tool to briefly assess personal endorsement of the SDS or of alternative standards, and it can easily be adapted to measure perceptions about the social existence of the SDS. Beyond the potential for practical application to individual or group assessment in clinical and educational settings, the New SDS Scale updates our knowledge on the types of sexual conduct that elicit the SDS, identifying critically gendered activities for which permissiveness continues to be markedly differentiated, despite the openness and sexual freedom of recent years.
Enhanced shifted Tchebyshev operational matrix of derivatives: two spectral algorithms for solving even-order BVPs
Authors: Abdelhakem M. , Abdelhamied Dina , El-kady M. , Youssri Y. H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHerein, new orthogonal polynomials have been generated from shifted Chebyshev polynomials that fulfill a given set of homogeneous boundary conditions and the necessary formulae have been established. Moreover, an integer order derivative operational matrix has been introduced. Then, the presented novel polynomials are used together with the two spectral methods, namely, the Galerkin and Tau methods, as the basis functions. The convergence and error analyses were introduced and proved. Finally, some even-order boundary value problems (BVPs) have been approximated using the presented method.