bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coexisting steatotic liver disease is not associated with long-term liver-related events in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Uman Navavee , Kaewdech Apichat , Sripongpun Pimsiri , Chamroonkul Naichaya , Piratvisuth Teerha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is an emerging liver disease, whereas chronic viral hepatitis is the renowned cause of chronic liver disease leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The impact of coexisting SLD in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) on liver-related events (LREs) in the long term is still debated. This study aims to compare all-cause mortality and LRE between CHB patients with and without SLD. This retrospective study included CHB patients who underwent transient elastography between 2014 and 2021 at a tertiary-care hospital. Exclusion criteria were those without controlled attenuated parameter (CAP) results, interquartile range/median of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) &gt; 30%, follow-up time &lt; 6 months, and without hepatitis B virus DNA data during follow-up. SLD was defined as CAP ≥ 248 dB/m, significant liver fibrosis (SF) as LSM ≥ 7 kPa, and cirrhosis as LSM ≥11 kPa or imaging evidence. LRE was defined as the development of HCC and/or cirrhosis complications. Among 532 patients (median follow-up 4.3 years), SLD was present in 161 (30.2%) patients, SF was found in 186 (34.5%) patients, and 104 (19.6%) patients had cirrhosis at baseline. SF was insignificantly more common in SLD patients (40.1% vs 32.4%, P = 0.068). Long-term outcomes showed SF, not SLD, was independently associated with higher LRE development with an adjusted HR of 13.85 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.06–62.76, P &lt; 0.001), while the adjusted HR of SLD was 0.49 (95% CI: 0.16–1.53, P = 0.22). In conclusion, SLD commonly coexists with CHB patients. CHB patients with SLD were more likely to have SF at baseline, albeit not significantly. Long-term HCC and cirrhosis complications development are associated with SF but not SLD status.
Identification of association between mitochondrial dysfunction and sarcopenia using summary-data-based Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses
Authors: Xie Jiale , Hao Jinrong , Xu Xin , Wang Jiachen , Yang Dinglong , Yu Hui , Guo Junfei , Yang Mingyi , Xu Peng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been demonstrated to be an important hallmark of sarcopenia, yet its specific mechanism remains obscure. In this study, mitochondrial-related genes were used as instrumental variables to proxy for mitochondrial dysfunction, and summary data for sarcopenia-related traits were used as outcomes to examine their genetic association.

Methods
A total of 1,136 mitochondrial-related genes from the human MitoCarta3.0 database were extracted. Genetic instruments for them were obtained from gene expression quantitative trait locus (eQTLs) study (n = 31,684). Aggregated data for sarcopenia-related traits [(including low hand grip strength (LHGS), appendiceal lean mass (ALM), and usual walking pace (UWP) were provided by large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs). We integrated eQTLs data with GWAS data to estimate genetic association between mitochondrial dysfunction and sarcopenia using summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) analysis. Additionally, we implemented colocalization analysis to strengthen their association. Finally, eQTLs data from skeletomuscular tissue (n = 706) was used to validate the primary findings.

Results
By integrating the analysis results from the three sarcopenia-related traits, two mitochondrial genes genetically associated with sarcopenia were identified, namely UQCC1 (tier 2 evidence) and ETFDH (tier 3 evidence). Specifically, elevated expression levels of UQCC1 increased LHGS risk (OR = 1.114; 95% CI, 1.078–1.152; P-FDR = 1.70 × 10-7), which matched the negative association between it and UWP (Beta = -0.015; 95% CI, -0.021 – -0.010; P-FDR = 6.70 × 10-5). Furthermore, elevated expression levels of ETFDH were found to be associated with both lower ALM (Beta = 0.031; 95% CI, 0.020–0.042; P-FDR = 1.41 × 10-6) and UWP (Beta = 0.013; 95% CI, 0.006–0.021; P-FDR = 0.029). Of note, consistent results were replicated in specific skeletomuscular tissues, further suggesting our findings were robust.

Conclusions
Our analyses revealed the genetic association between two mitochondrial-related genes, i.e., UQCC1 and ETFDH, and sarcopenia, highlighting the pivotal role of mitochondrial dysfunction driven by these genes in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. Importantly, these candidate genes represent potential clinical drug targets for the treatment of sarcopenia.
Hypergraphs Accumulate
Authors: Conlon David , Schülke Bjarne 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We showthat for every integer $k\geqslant 3$ the set of Turán densities of $k$-uniform hypergraphs has an accumulation point in $[0,1)$. In particular, $1/2$ is an accumulation point for the set of Turán densities of $3$-uniform hypergraphs.
Dietary inclusion of high Amylose cornstarch increased Lactobacillus and Terrisporobacter and decreased Streptococcus in the cecal digesta of weanling pigs
Authors: Wellington Michael O , Adams Seidu , Lee Jung W , Agyekum Atta K , Woyengo Tofuko A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The study investigated the effect of dietary inclusion of high amylose cornstarch (HA-starch) on cecal microbiota composition and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in weanling pigs fed high levels of cold-pressed canola cake (CPCC). Weaned pigs (240 mixed sex; 7.1 ± 1.2 kg) were housed in 40 pens (6 pigs/pen) and fed a common commercial diet for 7 days, followed by the experimental diets for 28-d, which contained either 0% or 40% CPCC with either 0% or 40% HA-starch. At the end of the study, one pig from each pen (n=8) was selected and euthanized to collect cecal digesta for microbial and VFA composition analyses. The HA-starch increased (p &lt; 0.001) acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations, thereby increasing total VFA concentration (p &lt; 0.001). There was a tendency for cecal butyrate and total VFA concentrations to decrease when pigs were fed the 40% CPCC diet without HA-starch but increase when fed the 40% CPCC diet containing 40% HA-starch (CPCC × HA-starch effect; p = 0.09), indicating HA-starch can increase cecal butyrate and total VFA concentrations in pigs fed a diet with high CPCC level. The proportions of Lactobacillus and Terrisporobacter were high, whereas low proportions of Streptococcus genus were observed in the cecal microbiota of pigs fed diets containing 40% HA-starch. Also, pathways consistent with carbohydrate digestion, absorption, and phosphate metabolism were enriched in pigs when the diet included 40% HA-starch. In summary, incorporating high amounts of HA-starch in a weanling pig diet containing high levels of CPCC may benefit intestinal health and digestive performance by enhancing the abundance of probiotic commensal bacteria, contributing to increased enzymatic activity and carbohydrate metabolism.
Spontaneous transomental hernia: a rare cause of closed loop bowel obstruction
Authors: Zhang Caitlin , De Robles Marie Shella 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Transomental hernias are the rarest subtype of internal hernias, accounting for 0.5%–3% of bowel obstructions. We report an unusual case of a spontaneous transomental hernia in a 47-year-old male presenting with non-specific obstructive symptoms. A CT scan revealed a closed-loop small bowel obstruction, but the diagnosis of a spontaneous transomental hernia was confirmed during emergency diagnostic laparoscopy. The small bowel remained viable, avoiding the need for resection, and the patient had an uncomplicated postoperative recovery. Clinical suspicion for transomental hernias is crucial, especially in patients with no prior abdominal surgery, to ensure early surgical intervention and reduced morbidity.
Predicting metallicities and carbon abundances from Gaia XP spectra for (carbon-enhanced) metal-poor stars
Authors: Ardern-Arentsen Anke , Kane Sarah G , Belokurov Vasily , Matsuno Tadafumi , Montelius Martin , Monty Stephanie , Sanders Jason L 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Carbon-rich (C-rich) stars can be found at all metallicities and evolutionary stages. They are often the result of mass transfer from a companion, but some of the most metal-poor C-rich objects are likely carrying the imprint of the metal-free First Stars from birth. In this work, we employ a neural network to predict metallicities and carbon abundances for over 10 million stars with Gaia low-resolution XP spectra, down to $\rm {[Fe/H]} = -3.0$ and up to $\rm {[C/Fe]} \approx +2$. We identify ${\sim} 2000$ high-confidence bright ($G\lt 16$) carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars with $\rm {[Fe/H]} \lt -2.0$ and $\rm {[C/Fe]} \gt +0.7$. The majority of our C-rich candidates have $\rm {[Fe/H]} \gt -2.0$ and are expected to be binary mass-transfer products, supported by high barium abundances in the GALAH (GALactic Archaeology with HERMES) survey and/or their Gaia Renormalised Unit Weight Error (RUWE) and radial velocity variations. We confirm previous findings of an increase in C-rich stars with decreasing metallicity, adopting a definition of $3\sigma$ outliers from the [C/Fe] distribution, although our frequency appears to flatten for $-3.0 \lt \rm {[Fe/H]} \lt -2.0$ at a level of $6\!\!-\!\!7{{\ \rm per\, cent}}$. We also find that the fraction of C-rich stars is low among globular cluster stars (connected to their lower binary fraction), and that it decreases for field stars more tightly bound to the Milky Way. We interpret these last results as evidence that disrupted globular clusters contribute more in the inner Galaxy, supporting previous work. Homogeneous samples such as these are key to understanding the full population properties of C-rich stars, and this is just the beginning.
Radiotherapy and radiosurgery for intracranial lesions in Africa: Insights from 3 country case studies: A systematic review
Authors: Shukla Ishav , Wang Jason , Guirguis Mina , Darko Kwadwo , Aoun Salah G , Barrie Umaru , Banson Mabel , Totimeh Teddy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Radiotherapy (RT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) are important treatment options for central nervous system (CNS) lesions. This review explores the current evidence on the use of radiotherapy and SRS for CNS lesions across Africa.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature was completed according to the PRISMA guidelines. The results were synthesized to provide an overview of the current landscape of RT and SRS, highlighting treatment gaps and areas for further research and collaboration.

Results
Nine studies, involving a total of 397 patients, were included. South Africa contributed the most studies with 4 (44.4%), followed by Nigeria with 3 studies (33.3%). Brain tumors were the most common lesion type, found in 88.8% of cases (95% CI: 66.9–100.0) with metastatic tumors being prevalent in 37.5% of cases (95% CI: 1.6–73.4). The breast was the most frequent origin of metastases seen in 93.67% (95% CI: 80–100). Whole brain radiation therapy was used in 33.3% of patients (95% CI: 0.7–66.0), stereotactic proton beam therapy in 33.3% (95% CI: 0.7–66.1), and gamma knife radiosurgery in 22.3% (95% CI: 0–51.1).

Conclusion
RT and SRS are being implemented for CNS lesions in settings across Africa. Improving access and efficiency of these treatments will require both local and international collaboration to address challenges related to resource management and distribution.
Practical 4.7 V solid-state 18650 cylindrical lithium metal batteries with in-situ fabricated localized high-concentration polymer electrolytes
Authors: Song Xingchen , Zhao Ruiqi , Zhu Jie , Zhang Jinping , Xu Nuo , Liu Jie , Liu Yansong , Zhang Hongtao , Ma Yanfeng , Li Chenxi , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In-situ fabricated gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs), characterized with superior interfacial properties and large-scale processibility, represent a promising electrolyte system for high-performance lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, we propose an in-situ fabricated high-voltage GPE featuring a localized high-concentration solvation structure (LHCE-GPE). This tailored special solvation structure within polymer matrix promotes the formation of an electrochemically robust electrode–electrolyte interphase. Furthermore, employing LHCE-GPE, Li||Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 cells operating at 4.8 V demonstrate a high specific capacity of 248 mAh g−1, and 4.5 V Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cells achieve a remarkable cycling stability over 1000 cycles. Significantly, our LHCE-GPE allows for the operation of practical solid-state 18 650 cylindrical LMBs at 4.7 V and industrial Li-ion batteries at 4.6 V, achieving high energy densities of 250 and 283 Wh kg−1, respectively (excluding packaging), while also demonstrating robust safety during rigorous nail-penetration tests. Our LHCE-GPE design presents a practical and powerful strategy for realizing solid-state LMBs with high energy density and high safety.
Shigellosis in an Urban Slum in Kenya: Risk Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Ongadi Beatrice Atieno , Aziz Asma Binte , Mbae Cecilia Kathure , Mwangi Moses , Kering Kelvin , Khan Ashraful Islam , Nasrin Dilruba , Ngugi Benjamin , Bundi Martin Mwebia , Park Se Eun , Islam Md Taufiqul , Rickett Natasha Y , Ahmmed Faisal , Chowdhury Fahima , Khanam Farhana , Firoj Md Golam , Im Justin , Haile Kassa , Ara Sadia Isfat , Behute Meseret Gebre , Agampodi Suneth , Akter Afroza , Kanungo Suman , Zaman K , Qadri Firdausi , Clemens John D , Kariuki Samuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Shigella spp are among the notable causes of global diarrheal disease and death, accounting for 13.2% of deaths in 2016. Antimicrobial resistance complicates shigellosis management. Understanding local disease epidemiology is crucial for developing effective preventive strategies, including vaccine use.

Methods
We investigated antimicrobial resistance, risk factors (socioeconomic, behavioral, and water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH), and clinical characteristics of Shigella diarrhea in Mukuru informal settlement and surrounding villages in Nairobi, Kenya. Patients presenting with diarrhea, fever, or both in treatment centers had stool or rectal swab samples cultured, and bacteria was identified through biochemical and serologic tests.

Results
The rate of Shigella isolation among the 4689 individuals presenting with diarrhea was 1.4% across all ages, with a similar isolation rate (1.5%) among children &lt;5 years of age. The majority of the Shigella spp (40 [59.7%]) were Shigella flexneri, and the majority of S flexneri (34 of 40 [85%]) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; however, all were sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanate, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and cefpodoxime. The rate of multidrug resistance was higher in Shigella sonnei (13 [48.1%]) than in S flexneri (3 [7.5%]). Shigella positivity was associated with bloody diarrhea, severe/moderate dehydration, coated tongue, and high fever. Consumption of street food was also associated with Shigella diarrhea.

Conclusions
Despite low prevalence, shigellosis still poses a significant burden of diarrheal disease, warranting future incidence studies. First-line antibiotics against Shigella remain effective, but intermediate resistance to azithromycin and ciprofloxacin is a concerning trend. Improving household food preparation and handling could potentially reduce Shigella infections.
Biting off more than you can chew: a rare case of hyperparathyroidism jaw tumour syndrome
Authors: Hollow Breanna L , Chin George 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hyperparathyroidism Jaw Tumour Syndrome (HPT-JT) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder within the familial hyperparathyroidism group. Individuals with the disorder carry a CDC73 gene mutation that predisposes them to early-onset primary hyperparathyroidism, ossifying jaw tumours, renal cystic disease, uterine tumours and parathyroid carcinomas. We present a case of a 41-year-old man referred to nephrology clinic with haemoproteinuria who was noted to have the constellation of renal cystic disease, personal and family history of hyperparathyroidism and recent jaw tumour excision. Detailed family history prompted whole exome genetic testing which confirmed the presence of a pathogenic CDC73 gene mutation, ten years after the patient’s initial parathyroidectomy. This case demonstrates the importance of detailed family history taking and the need to consider lesser-known familial hyperparathyroid syndromes to ensure timely diagnosis, genetic testing and cancer surveillance for those affected.
Severe cases of local cytokine release syndrome (CRS); craniocervical edema soon after chimeric antigen T-cell (CAR-T) therapy
Authors: Nakamura Naokazu , Jo Tomoyasu , Arai Yasuyuki , Kitawaki Toshio , Nishikori Momoko , Mizumoto Chisaki , Kanda Junya , Yamashita Kouhei , Nagao Miki , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Craniocervical edema appears soon after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy in some cases. This phenomenon is often observed right after systemic cytokine release syndrome (CRS), and it is called local CRS (L-CRS). In severe cases, L-CRS causes airway obstruction and asphyxia, but it is not yet well known among hematologists. In this report, we present mild and severe cases of L-CRS. Tocilizumab might have limited efficacy against L-CRS, and early administration of corticosteroids can be important. We hope that this case report raises awareness of L-CRS as an acute-onset adverse event after CAR-T therapy.
Transient right bundle branch block (RBBB) and S1Q3T3 in a transit passenger due to acute pulmonary embolism- a case report
Authors: Iftikhar Haris , Sabir Doaa , Najam Mavia , Noor Ahmed , Anjum Shahzad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Intermittent or transient right bundle branch block (RBBB) can occur in various clinical situations but is rarely described in acute pulmonary embolism. We present a unique case involving a 57-year-old male who experienced a syncopal episode during transit. He displayed signs of a transient right bundle branch block (RBBB) and S1Q3T3 on the initial EMS ECG, which reverted to normal ECG later. This case highlights the significance of recognizing transient RBBB and S1Q3T3 patterns as potential markers of acute PE. Anticoagulation therapy is the mainstay of PE treatment, but other modalities like thrombolysis and surgical embolectomy can be used in selected cases.
A rare case of acrodysostosis type 2 with PDE4D mutation in a young female: a case report
Authors: Hameed Muhammad Sheraz , Maheen Maimoona , Sadiq Sauban Mansoor , Farooq Umer , Rehman Abdur , Ihtesham Arham , Khan Imran , Maqbool Shahzaib , Iqbal Javed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Acrodysostosis (ADO) is a rare form of peripheral dysostosis characterized by skeletal malformations, growth delays, short stature, and distinctive facial features caused by in part by underdeveloped (hypoplasia) of facial bones. Skeletal dysplasia is specific and includes disproportional short stature with short extremities and brachydactyly, multiple cone-shaped epiphyses, scoliosis or kyphosis with spinal stenosis, and advanced bone maturation. Herein, we are highlighting a case that presented with clinical features such as brachydactyly, delayed milestone, growth delay, muscle weakness and nasal hypoplasia. Patient genetic testing was in line with the diagnosis of acrodysostosis. The clinic-radiological correlation was also suggestive of the rare diagnosis of ADO.
Crush syndrome after the Marrakesh earthquake: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Zidouh Ali , Tebib Tarek , Salmi Othmane , Mourouth Hanane , Ziadi Amra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Crush trauma of extremities, resulting from a crushing force, can be life-threatening even without involving vital organs. Crush syndrome, or traumatic rhabdomyolysis, occurs when muscle cell breakdown releases contents into the bloodstream, leading to systemic complications like acute renal failure. A 35-year-old woman trapped under rubble during11 hours during a seismic event, presenting with compartment syndrome in her left arm and thigh and crush syndrome. Emergent fasciotomy and aggressive fluid resuscitation were performed, preventing renal failure and metabolic derangement. Post-fasciotomy, pulses returned to her affected limbs. She was extubated and moved to the ICU under close surgical supervision. Early, aggressive resuscitation is critical, ideally before extrication, to minimize complications. Awareness of hyperkalemia and acute renal failure risk post-extrication is essential. Continuous fluid resuscitation is the cornerstone of treatment, and prompt fasciotomies are crucial for compartment syndrome management.
The Diffusion of New Technologies
Authors: Kalyani Aakash , Bloom Nicholas , Carvalho Marcela , Hassan Tarek , Lerner Josh , Tahoun Ahmed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We identify phrases associated with novel technologies using textual analysis of patents, job postings, and earnings calls, enabling us to identify four stylized facts on the diffusion of jobs relating to new technologies. First, the development of economically impactful new technologies is geographically highly concentrated, more so even than overall patenting: 56% of the most economically impactful technologies come from just two U.S. locations, Silicon Valley and the Northeast Corridor. Second, as the technologies mature and the number of related jobs grows, hiring spreads geographically. But this process is very slow, taking around 50 years to disperse fully. Third, while initial hiring in new technologies is highly skill biased, over time the mean skill level in new positions declines, drawing in an increasing number of lower-skilled workers. Finally, the geographic spread of hiring is slowest for higher-skilled positions, with the locations where new technologies were pioneered remaining the focus for the technology's high-skill jobs for decades.
Impact and Mechanisms of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia on Fatigue among Cancer Survivors: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Greeley Krista M , Rash Joshua , Tulk Joshua , Savard Josée , Seal Melanie , Urquhart Robin , Thoms John , Laing Kara , Fawcett Emily , Garland Sheila N 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

STUDY OBJECTIVES
Cancer-related fatigue is one of the most common symptoms in cancer survivors. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) can improve fatigue, but mechanisms are unclear. This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial evaluated whether CBT-I led to a significant improvement in fatigue, accounting for change in comorbid symptoms of insomnia, perceived cognitive impairment (PCI), anxiety, and depression. The parent study evaluated the impacts of CBT-I on PCI and insomnia.

METHODS
Cancer survivors with insomnia and PCI were randomized to CBT-I or a sleep-self monitoring waitlist control. Fatigue was measured using the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory – Short Form at pre-, mid-, and post-treatment. Significant improvement in fatigue was defined as a reduction &gt;10.79 points. Insomnia, PCI, anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed. A linear mixed model evaluated whether CBT-I improved fatigue after adjusting for comorbidities. Mediation analyses examined whether change in comorbidities accounted for the effect of CBT-I on fatigue.

RESULTS
The sample consisted of 132 cancer survivors (77% female, Mage=60.12 years, 41% breast cancer). There was a significant group-by-time interaction on fatigue, p&lt;.001, with the CBT-I group experiencing a 20.6-point reduction in fatigue compared to 3.7-points in the control. Improvements in fatigue were fully accounted for by improvements in the comorbidities with change in insomnia accounting for 45.3% of the effect observed in fatigue.

CONCLUSIONS
CBT-I resulted in significant improvement in fatigue, and these effects were largely accounted for by change in insomnia. CBT-I is a robust intervention with efficacy for improving fatigue among cancer survivors.