bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 scaffold on dog femoral head osteonecrosis model: a preclinical study
Authors: Lou Pengqiang , Deng Xiaolei , Hou Decai 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The lack of mechanical support in the bone tunnel formed after CD often results in a poor therapeutic effect in ONFH. The n-HA/P66 has excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties and has been widely used in bone regeneration. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of n-HA/P66 scaffold treatment in a dog model of ONFH. A FEA was performed to analyze the mechanical changes in the femoral head after CD and n-HA/P66 scaffold or tantalum rod implantation. Fifteen male beagles were selected to establish the model of ONFH by liquid nitrogen freezing method, and the models were identified by x-ray and MRI 4 weeks after modeling and randomly divided into three groups. Nine weeks later, femoral head samples were taken for morphology, micro-CT, and histological examination. The FEA showed that the n-HA/P66 scaffold proved the structural support in the bone tunnel, similar to the tantalum rod. The morphology showed that the femoral head with n-HA/P66 implantation is intact, while the femoral heads in the model group and CD group are collapsing. Moreover, the micro-CT results of the n-HA/P66 scaffold group were better than the model group and the CD group, and the interface between the n-HA/P66 scaffold and bone tissue is blurred. Furthermore, the histological result also verifies the alterations in micro-CT, and bone tissue grows in the bone tunnel with n-HA/P66 scaffold implanted while few in the CD group. The CD results in a lack of mechanical support in the femoral head subchondral bone and bone tunnel high stress. The n-HA/P66 scaffold implantation can provide mechanical support and relieve high stress induced by CD. The n-HA/P66 scaffold can treat femoral head necrosis and provide the bone tissue growth scaffold for the femoral head after CD to promote bone tissue regeneration.
An interplay of matrix stiffness, dimensionality and adhesivity on cellular behavior
Authors: Singh Archana , Dalal Neha , Tayalia Prakriti 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Cell-based assays are essential in vitro tools for understanding basic cell biology, pathophysiology of diseases and mechanism of drug actions most cancer studies have utilized two-dimensional (2D) cell culture methods, which have their shortcomings including lack of cell- extracellular matrix interactions and three-dimensional (3D) geometry, and inaccurate representation of cell polarity. Hence, 3D matrices are being increasingly used to study the effect of 3D niche on cell behavior. Till date, very few systematic studies have been done to show comparison of cell behavior when seeded on the surface and encapsulated inside the matrix. In this study, we fabricated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and gelatin-based matrices using UV mediated photo-polymerization to establish 2D and 3D cell culture methods using breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. We have found that the adhesion and spreading of cells on the gel surface is different from that when embedded in gels. The stiffness of poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)-gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels with lower concentration of GelMA is lower than that with higher GelMA; further, those with higher overall concentration of polymers (>5%) retain their mechanical integrity and do not degrade even after 7 d. Physical characterization of these matrices demonstrate their optimal pore size, mechanical stiffness and degradation, which are further tunable for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, drug delivery and cancer studies. Additionally, these semi-synthetic PEGDA-GelMA matrices are transparent in nature, thereby, allowing easy imaging of cells in 3D. The system developed here can be used for short and long term cell culture and can be potentially explored for cell migration and metastasis studies.
Transparency, traceability and deforestation in the Ivorian cocoa supply chain
Authors: Renier Cécile , Vandromme Mathil , Meyfroidt Patrick , Ribeiro Vivian , Kalischek Nikolai , Zu Ermgassen Erasmus K H J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Cocoa production has been identified as a major global driver of deforestation, but its precise contribution to deforestation dynamics in West Africa remains unclear. It is also unknown to what degree companies and international markets are able to trace their cocoa imports, and satisfy their sustainable sourcing commitments. Here, we use publicly-available remote-sensing and supply chain data for Côte d’Ivoire, the world’s largest cocoa producer, to quantify cocoa-driven deforestation and trace 2019 cocoa exports and the associated deforestation from their department of origin, via trading companies, to international markets. We find 2.4 Mha of cocoa deforestation and degradation over 2000–2019, i.e. 125 000 ha y−1, representing 45% of the total deforestation and forest degradation over that period. Only 43.6% (95% CI: 42.6%–44.7%) of exports can be traced back to a specific cooperative and department. The majority of cocoa (over 55%) thus remains untraced, either indirectly sourced from local intermediaries by major traders (23.9%, 95% CI: 22.9%–24.9%), or exported by untransparent traders—who disclose no information about their suppliers (32.4%). Traceability to farm lags further behind, and is insufficient to meet the EU due-diligence legislation’s proposed requirement for geolocation of product origins. We estimate that trading companies in the Cocoa and Forests Initiative have mapped 40% of the total farms supplying them, representing only 22% of all Ivorian cocoa exports in 2019. We identify 838 000 hectares of deforestation over 2000–2015 associated with 2019 EU imports, 56% of this arising through untraced sourcing. We discuss issues of company- and state-led traceability systems, often presented as solutions to deforestation, and stress the need for transparency and for the sector to work beyond individual supply chains, at landscape-level, calling for collaboration, stronger regulatory policies, and investments to preserve the remaining stretches of forests in West Africa.
Empirical quantification of methane emission intensity from oil and gas producers in the Permian basin
Authors: Hmiel Benjamin , Lyon David R , Warren Jack D , Yu Jevan , Cusworth Daniel H , Duren Riley M , Hamburg Steven P 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMethane (CH4) emissions from the oil and natural gas (O&G) supply chain have been demonstrated to be one of the largest anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission sources ripe for mitigation to limit near-term climate warming. In recent years, exploration and production (E&P) operators have made public commitments to reducing their greenhouse gas emission intensity, yet little empirical information has been made available in the public domain to allow an accurate comparison of their emissions performance. In this study, we utilize a series of aircraft surveys of large CH4point source emissions (∼101–104kg CH4hr−1) related to O&G production in the Permian Basin to enable comparison of company-level production-sector emission intensities. We calculate gas and total energy production normalized emission intensities for several of the largest E&P operators in the Permian Basin accounting for ∼85% of production within the flight region. We find differences of more than an order of magnitude in emission intensity across operators, with nearly half demonstrating a ⩾50% improvement in performance from 2019 to 2021. With the availability of such publicly attributed emissions data anticipated to increase in the future, we provide methodological insights and cautions to developing operator metrics from future empirical datasets.
Subseasonal reversals of winter surface air temperature in mid-latitude Asia and the roles of westward-shift NAO
Authors: Song Xiaolei , Yin Zhicong , Zhang Yijia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Reversals of surface air temperature anomalies over mid-latitude Asia (SATMA) have become more frequent. Six winters have been reversed over the last decade, which had serious negative consequences for agricultural production, ecological systems, and human health. This subseasonal reversal can be observed in the second mode of season-reliant empirical orthogonal function analysis, showing a persistent opposite anomaly between early and late winter. The difference in SATMA between early and late winter exceeds 3 °C when the reversal occurs. At the time of the reversal, the North Atlantic jet stream extends eastward in early winter and recedes westward in late winter. The main influencing system changes from the Scandinavia teleconnection to the Ural blocking high, accompanied by a change from strong southerly to northerly winds. These factors jointly lead to the reversal of SATMA between early and late winter. More importantly, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) has been shown to affect SATMA variability in a variety of different ways. Changes in SATMA are influenced not only by the intensity of the NAO, but also by its spatial distribution. When the southern center of the NAO shifts westward and is located over the North Atlantic, atmospheric circulation and SATMA in early and late winter show similar changes to those seen in SATMA reversal winters. In contrast, when the NAO southern center shifts eastward and is located over Western Europe, persistent anomalies are observed in atmospheric circulation and SATMA throughout the winter. Therefore, when studying the relationship between SATMA and the NAO, attention should be paid to the different responses of SATMA to the spatial distribution of the NAO at subseasonal timescales.
Comment on ‘The operational foundations of PT-symmetric and quasi-Hermitian quantum theory’
Authors: Znojil Miloslav 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In Alase et al (2022 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
55 244003), Alase et al wrote that ‘the constraint of quasi-Hermiticity on observables’ is not ‘sufficient to extend the standard quantum theory’ because ‘such a system is equivalent to a standard quantum system.’ Three addenda elucidating the current state of the art are found necessary. The first one concerns the project: in the related literature the original ‘aim of extending standard quantum theory’ has already been abandoned shortly after its formulation. The second comment concerns the method, viz., the study in ‘the framework of general probabilistic theories’ (GPT). It is noticed that a few other, mathematically consistent GPT-like theories are available. The authors do not mention, in particular, the progress achieved, under the quasi-Hermiticity constraint, in the approach using the effect algebras. We add that this approach already found its advanced realistic applications in the quasi-Hermitian models using the unbounded operators of observables acting in the infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. Thirdly, the ‘intriguing open question’ about ‘what possible constraints, if any, could lead to such a meaningful extension’ (in the future) is given an immediate tentative answer: the possibility is advocated that the desirable constraint could really be just the quasi-Hermiticity of the observables, provided only that one has in mind its recently developed non-stationary version.
A review on electronic nose for diagnosis and monitoring treatment response in lung cancer
Authors: Vadala Rohit , Pattnaik Bijay , Bangaru Sunil , Rai Divyanjali , Tak Jaya , Kashyap Seetu , Verma Umashankar , Yadav Geetika , Dhaliwal RS , Mittal Saurabh , Hadda Vijay , Madan Karan , Guleria Randeep , Agrawal Anurag , Mohan Anant 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the common malignancies with high mortality rate and a poor prognosis. Most lung cancer cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage either due to limited resources of infrastructure, trained human resources, or delay in clinical suspicion. Low-dose computed tomography has emerged as a screening tool for lung cancer detection but this may not be a feasible option for most developing countries. Electronic nose is a unique non-invasive device that has been developed for lung cancer diagnosis and monitoring response by exhaled breath analysis of volatile organic compounds. The breath-print have been shown to differ not only among lung cancer and other respiratory diseases, but also between various types of lung cancer. Hence, we postulate that the breath-print analysis by electronic nose could be a potential biomarker for the early detection of lung cancer along with monitoring treatment response in a resource-limited setting. In this review, we have consolidated the current published literature suggesting the use of an electronic nose in the diagnosis and monitoring treatment response of lung cancer.
SMART materials & systems: has embracing uncertainty become vital to commercialisation?
Authors: O’Mahony M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
As humans we have a tendency to seek to confirm data and to avoid disconfirming data. COVID-19 that has thrown plans large and small into disarray, but well before then, the pace of change was already challenging the ability of SMART materials and systems to achieve full scalable commercialisation. While plans may not be feasible, what is possible and indeed necessary is planning. In this presentation I will present a toolkit that takes account of and even embraces uncertainty as a planning method directed at a more effective route for commercialisation and market growth.
Bending Properties of Fiber Composite Dilatant Compound
Authors: Kobayashi Shunichi , Nitta Taiki , Kobayashi Takumi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We have developed a viscoelastic-plastic dilatant compound, whose stiffness increases with increasing deformation rate, as a matrix material, and a "fiber composite dilatant compound" to which fibers have been added. In this study, three-point bending flexural tests were conducted to clarify the mechanical properties of the material. The results showed that the bending load increased when the fibers were oriented in the bending direction. It was also found that, under constant fiber content, lengthening the fibers and increasing the number of fibers by decreasing their diameter contributed to the increase in bending load.
The effect of laminate sequences on tuft bridging in GFRP laminates under tensile loading
Authors: Marzdashti S , Joncas S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This conference paper reports the tuft bridging behaviour of a single tuft when used in an orthotropic or a quasi-isotropic laminate. Laminates are subjected to pull-out experiments with a full release film placed in the mid-layer of laminates. The force-separation diagrams and damaged samples obtained by tensile tests are analysed to compare two different laminate. The results show that the larger amount of resin present around the tuft in orthotropic laminate reduces by 60% the ultimate tensile strength of the tuft when compared to quasi-isotropic laminates. The tuft tends to fail in the mid-layer of quasi-isotropic laminate with no pull-out, while the tuft has a bit pulling out in orthotropic laminate, causing an increase in the fracture energy.
Morphological study on composite materials developed through reinforcing natural and synthetic woven fabrics from glass and hemp
Authors: Faridul Hasan K. M. , Török György , Ali Tahir Chenar , Horváth Péter György , Bak Miklós , Alpár Tibor 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The composites made of natural and synthetic fiber reinforced materials are getting attentions continuously for different engineering applications. Previously, only synthetic fibers were considered for the reinforcement materials due to their superior mechanical properties. However, with the span of time natural fibers are also gaining popularity for their sustainable features. However, the pretreatment of fiber materials could enhance the thermomechanical performances through improving the fiber to matrix interfaces. In this regard, a comparative study is conducted between the synthetic glass and natural hemp woven fabrics to investigate their morphological (before and after the tensile loads) properties. Furthermore, the mechanical tensile properties (tensile and flexural) also shown improved mechanical performances of the products. Glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite shown 79 (1.8) MPa tensile strength, whereas the hemp fibers reinforced composites only provided 39 (1.5) MPa. In case of flexural characteristics, glass fibers also showing better strength by 196 (32.8) MPa than that of hemp 48 (3.5). Thermal stability of the products was also tested using TGA (Thermogravimetric analysis)/DTG (Derivative thermogravimetry) analysis and found that glass fiber reinforced composites have better stability than that of hemp. The results obtained from the developed composite materials clearly reflects the significant differences between the two types of woven fabrics.
Biodegradation properties of natural fibers for agro textile nonwovens production
Authors: Brunsek R , Jugov N , Marasovic P , Mioč A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate biodegradation properties of PLA (as a bio-based polymer), Hemp, Jute (as natural bast fibers) and Viscose (as a cellulose regenerates) for agrotextile nonwovens production. For the purpose of those investigations, an analysis of the biodegradation time of samples were performed by soil burial test (ISO 11721 – Textiles – Determination of resistance of cellulose-containing textiles to microorganisms – Soil burial test) conducted under controlled conditions in laboratory and under real weather conditions. The samples were exposed in the soil for 4, 7, 9 and 11 days. An analysis of mass loss and changes in their mechanical properties, compared to unexposed samples, were determined.
Novel lyocell fibre from Alberta-grown hemp
Authors: Degenstein L M , King D , Lawson L , Chute W , Dolez P I 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Lyocell is a man-made, regenerated cellulosic fibre developed through cellulose dissolution in non-derivative solvents. Hemp offers a preferential source of cellulose for lyocell production as it is considered an environmentally friendly agricultural crop, requiring less water, fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides than other crops and sequesters carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. There are currently no Canadian sources of domestically manufactured lyocell filament or staple fibres. Our goal is to manufacture 100% lyocell fibre and to demonstrate techniques for pulping and solution-spinning hemp-based lyocell fibre. Utilizing both the bast and hurd of the hemp plant allows for the creation of many different fibre densities with varying properties while contributing to whole plant utilization and Canadian industry creation and expansion.
Multifilaments based on partially miscible polymers blend filled with carbon nanotubes
Authors: Regnier J , Cloarec C , Cayla A , Campagne C , Devaux E 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Many textile fields, such as industrial structures or clothing, use the electrical conductivity variation of yarns to detect fluid leakage. Such yarns can be developed by melt spinning conductive polymer composites (CPC). CPC filaments are composed of a polymer’s matrix which is blended with sufficient quantity of electrically conductive fillers to make the filament conductive. To combine properties or improve the compounds preparation, more and more studies are investigating different polymers blends. In this study, CPC monofilaments and multifilaments are developed and characterized to observe the formulation influence on spinnability and the implementation process on the water detection. Two principles of water detection are studied on the CPC which is composed of a blend of partially miscible polymers (polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)) filled with carbon nanotubes (CNT). The principle of absorption is based on the electrical conductivity variation of the filament in contact with water. For the short circuit principle, the presence of the liquid is detected when the water creates a conductive path between two filaments in parallel.
High-Speed Imaging Analysis of Laminated Fabric Tearing Behaviour
Authors: Munevar-Ortiz Laura , Nychka John A. , Dolez Patricia I. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLaminated fabrics are widely used in diverse industries because of their ability to adapt to many different functions. Understanding their tear force behaviour is critical to evaluate their serviceability. The tearing behaviour of laminated fabrics can be examined using high-speed imaging and analyzed using image analysis techniques. This technique is an attractive tool to elucidate the tearing behaviour of laminated fabrics. Through high-speed imaging it is possible to observe the tearing process on the fabric (e.g., yarns bearing the load before failure, yarn breaking behaviour) and membrane (e.g., pop-in crack length, crack propagation, formation of wrinkles, thinning) sides of the laminated fabrics to understand the tearing behaviour. In addition, this technique helps quantify different phenomena such as the membrane pop-in crack length, and crack wake bridging width by yarns. High-speed imaging analysis is a promising technique to visualize the tear phenomena in laminated fabrics.
MWCNTs polymer nanocomposite with enhanced thermomechanical properties and electrical insulation for effective encapsulation
Authors: Kumar Shambhu , Singh Akhilendra , Tiwari Mayank 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study presents the effect of the variation in weight fraction of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in polymer with the objective of enhancing the thermo-mechanical properties along with the electrical insulating properties. Polymer multi-walled nanocomposites (PMWCNC) and MWCNTs/Al2O3 bi-layer nanocomposites were prepared by solution mixing method with ultrasonication and magnetic stirring, then molded in vertical sandwich molds, made of acrylic and aluminum sheet as per ASTM standards. The tensile strength of PMWCNC was enhanced by 32%, 23%, 15%, and 5% compared to unmodified epoxy with the incorporation of 1 wt%, 0.75 wt%, 0.5 wt%, and 0.25 wt% of MWCNTs. The dispersion morphology of MWCNTs in epoxy was observed with field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) investigation found that increasing the weight percentage of MWCNTs resulted in improved thermal stability. The enhanced electrical conductivity of PMWCNC caused by the addition of MWCNTs was countered through the deposition of a thin film layer of alumina-filled polymer nanocomposite on the top surface of PMWCNC to retain the electrical insulation properties. The representative volume element (RVE) technique was employed to predict the effective modulus of nanocomposite based on the various constituent properties, weight fractions and interfacial behavior between MWCNTs and epoxy with the help of finite element analysis. Additionally, Modified Mori-Tanaka (MMT) micromechanics scheme was used to find the effective elastic modulus of the nanocomposite with the help of the MATLAB code. The elastoplastic behavior of polymer nanocomposites was also simulated in ANSYS APDL through the Voce model. The enhanced thermomechanical properties while retaining the electrical insulation properties suggest that the MWCNTs-based polymer would make the electronic chip more reliable.