bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast metastases from primary tumor of the urinary tract: case series
Authors: Laraqui Yasmine , Mahdi Youssef , Agouri Hajar El , Khmou Mouna , Boujida Ismail , Raissouni Khouloud , Echcharif Soumaya , El Khannoussi Basma 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBreast metastasis from urological tract is exceptional, with a few sporadic cases reported in the literature. They can be confused with a primary breast cancer, especially in patients without clinical history, leading to an inappropriate and invasive treatment. Therefore, we have summarized some characteristics of metastatic breast tumors through this retrospective study.
An Application of Adaptive Cluster Sampling to Surveying Informal Businesses
Authors: Aga Gemechu , Francis David C , Jolevski Filip , Rodriguez Meza Jorge , Wimpey Joshua Seth 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInformal business activity is ubiquitous around the world, but it is nearly always uncaptured by administrative data, registries, or commercial sources. For this reason, there are rarely adequate sampling frames available for survey implementers wishing to measure the activity and characteristics of the sector. This article applies a well-established sampling method for rare and/or clustered populations, Adaptive Cluster Sampling (ACS), to a novel population of informal businesses. Generally, it shows that efficiency gains through the application of ACS, when compared to Simple Random Sampling (SRS), are large, particularly at higher levels of fieldwork effort. In particular, ACS efficiency gains over SRS remain sizable at higher values of initial starting samples, but with comparatively high expansion thresholds, which can reduce the fieldwork effort.
Functionality of the bacteriocin sakacin G produced by Lactobacillus curvatus ACU-1 on cooked sausages under industrial conditions
Authors: Rivas Franco Paolo , Garro Oscar Alfredo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Biopreservation is an alternative to prevent the growth of pathogens and reduce microbial spoilage in food based on the use of microorganisms and/or their metabolic products. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal mode of application and the effectiveness of cell-free supernatant (CFS) from Lactobacillus curvatus ACU-1, containing sakacin G, in Vienna-type sausages to control Listeria and spoilage flora. The functionality and the optimal dosage form between CFS, producing bacteria, a combination or concentrate of bacteriocin applied on Vienna-type sausages before and after stuffing the casings on an industrial scale were determined. Sakacin G was effective for the control of Listeria applied to the casing both before and after stuffing. The application of the antimicrobial on the ready sausages inhibits both lactic acid bacteria and mesophilic microorganisms from zero sampling time. The heat resistance of the bacteriocin in the food was verified under industrial manufacturing conditions. The antimicrobial activity of sakacin G was maintained throughout the period studied in all the conditions tested. In conclusion, the application of CFS containing bacteriocin is useful given both before and after casing stuffing; but the application prior to the stuffing is more practical for the process of elaboration.
Questions We Share
Authors: Dieleman Karen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
For my Victorian literature course of autumn 2022, I set myself a goal of not privileging either the secularisation thesis or a potential sacramentalisation thesis, but of helping students see that serious writers almost always address the same set of foundational questions—even as, given their individuality and context, they respond to them differently, as we all do. In the Reformed Christian tradition, such foundational questions are understood to inform all academic inquiry, making all teaching and research neither religiously neutral nor radically relative. Within this context, I consider with my students the question ‘what foundational questions does the religious impulse at the heart of humankind ask?’ through a renewed reading of Genesis 1–3.
Isolation of a fungal calcineurin A mutant suggests that amoebae can counter-select virulence attributes of microbes
Authors: Idnurm Alexander 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Evolutionary selection pressures that resulted in microbes found within environmental reservoirs that can cause diseases in animals are unknown. One hypothesis is that predatory organisms select microbes able to counteract animal immune cells. Here, a non-pathogenic yeast, Sporobolomyces primogenomicus, was exposed to predation by Acanthamoeba castellanii. Strains emerged that were resistant to being killed by this amoeba. All these strains had altered morphology, growing as pseudohyphae. The mutation in one strain was identified: CNA1 encodes the calcineurin A subunit that is highly conserved in fungi and where it is essential for their virulence in hosts including mammals, insects, and plants.
Polarized signatures of adiabatically expanding hotspots in Sgr A*’s accretion flow
Authors: Michail Joseph M , Yusef-Zadeh Farhad , Wardle Mark , Kunneriath Devaky 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We report 235 GHz linear and circular polarization (LP and CP) detections of Sgr A* at levels of $\sim 10\,{{\rm per\, cent}}$ and $\sim -1\,{{\rm per\, cent}}$, respectively, using ALMA. We describe the first full-Stokes modelling of an observed submillimetre flare with an adiabatically expanding synchrotron hotspot using a polarized radiative transfer prescription. Augmented with a simple full-Stokes model for the quiescent emission, we jointly characterize properties of both the quiescent and variable components by simultaneously fitting all four Stokes parameter light curves. The hotspot has magnetic field strength 71 G, radius 0.75 Schwarzschild radii, and expands at speed 0.013c assuming magnetic equipartition. The magnetic field’s position angle projected in the plane-of-sky is ≈55° East of North, which previous analyses reveal as the accretion flow’s angular momentum axis and further supports Sgr A* hosting a magnetically arrested disc. The magnetic field is oriented approximately perpendicular to the line of sight, which suggests repolarization as the cause of the high circular-to-linear polarization ratio observed at radio frequencies. We additionally recover several properties of the quiescent emission, consistent with previous analyses of the accretion flow, such as a rotation measure ≈−4.22 × 105 rad m−2. Our findings provide critical constraints for interpreting and mitigating the polarized variable emission in future Event Horizon Telescope images of Sgr A*.
The feedback of quasars on their galactic environment
Authors: Ferrara Andrea , Zana Tommaso , Gallerani Simona , Sommovigo Laura 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTQuasar outflows might either quench (negative) or enhance (positive feedback) star formation in galaxies located in the quasar environment. The possible outcome depend on 4 parameters: The quasar (σ) and satellite (σ*) halo velocity dispersion, their relative distance, d, and satellite disc radius, rd. We find that: (i) small satellites with $\sigma _* \lt 164\ \sigma _{200}^{2/3}\, \rm km\ s^{-1}$ have their star formation quenched; (ii) in larger satellites, star formation, and hence UV/far-infrared (FIR) luminosity, is instead boosted by &gt;80 per cent in a burst with typical duration of 5–10 Myr, if the following positive feedback criterion is met: d/rd &lt; 15(Q/η)1/2σ200, where Q ≈ 1 is the satellite disc Toomre parameter; the disruption parameter (see equation 17) must be η &gt; 1 to prevent complete satellite gas removal. We compare our predictions with ALMA data finding that observed satellites of z ≃ 6 QSOs on average form stars at a 3 × higher rate with respect to field galaxies at the same redshift. Further tests of the model are suggested.
Pneumocystis jiroveciiInfections Among COVID-19 Patients: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Amstutz Paul , Bahr Nathan C , Snyder Karen , Shoemaker D Matthew 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a serious, emerging complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsWe performed a systematic review of published cases. We describe 6 new cases of PCP/COVID-19 coinfection. Among our cases (n = 6) and those in the literature (n = 69) with available data, the median age (interquartile range [IQR]) was 59 (44–77) years (n = 38), 72% (47/65) were male, and the mortality rate was 30.9% (21/68).ResultsLong-term corticosteroid use was noted in 45.1% (23/51), advanced HIV infection (defined as a CD4 count &lt;200 cells/μL) in 17.6% (9/51), and antineoplastic chemotherapy in 13.7% (7/51), consistent with known PCP risk factors. Notably, 56.7% (38/47) had verifiable risk factors for PCP (high-dose corticosteroids, immunosuppressive therapy, and HIV infection) before COVID-19 infection. A median absolute lymphocyte count (IQR) of 0.61 (0.28–0.92) ×103 cells/mm3 (n = 23) and CD4 count (IQR) of 66 (33–291.5) cells/mm3 (n = 20) were also discovered among the study population.ConclusionsThese findings suggest a need for greater attention to PCP risk factors among COVID-19 patients and consideration of PCP prophylaxis in these high-risk populations.
How Does It Feel to Be the Problem?
Authors: Gonzalez Van Cleve Nicole 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter is a call for Du Boisian criminology, an approach to criminal justice scholarship that situates race and racism as central to the social organization of criminal justice policies, practices, and institutions. By centering W. E. B. Du Bois’s color line, this approach interrogates how criminal justice institutions and their frontline stakeholders express racism through legal institutions. A Du Boisian approach reveals how punishment is a construction of the racial order, a physical and cultural performance of the color line, where segregation and stigma are punitively reenacted under the guise of the law and the power of the state. This approach promises to initiate critical analyses in the field of criminology. Essentially, this chapter is a corrective—a demand for Du Bois to take his rightful place as a founding theorist within the subfield of the sociology of punishment and the broader field of criminal justice.
Detection of the longest periodic variability in 6.7 GHz methanol masers of G5.900−0.430
Authors: Tanabe Yoshihiro , Yonekura Yoshinori , MacLeod Gordon C 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Long-term monitoring observations with the Hitachi 32 m radio telescope of the 6.7 GHz methanol masers associated with the high-mass star-forming region G5.900−0.430 are presented. A period of flux variability at approximately 1260 d is detected in the features at VLSR = 9.77 and 10.84 km s−1, while a secondary shorter period, 130.6 d, is determined for the 0.66 km s−1 feature. This is only the second source which has two different periods. The period of ∼1260 d is approximately twice as long as the longest known period of 6.7 GHz methanol masers. The variability pattern of the symmetric sine curves and the consistency with the expected period–luminosity relation suggest that the mechanism of the maser flux variability of the 9.77 and 10.84 km s−1 features in this source can be explained by protostellar pulsation instability. On the other hand, because the 0.66 km s−1 feature has an intermittent and asymmetric variability profile, we propose that this feature is explained by the colliding wind binary or spiral shock models. Obtaining the spatial distribution of the 0.66 km s−1 feature using very long baseline interferometry will lead to a better understanding of this source.
OverexpressingVitamin C Defective 2reduces fertility and alters Ca2+ signals in Arabidopsis pollen
Authors: Weigand Chrystle , Brady Deborah , Davis James A , Speicher Tori , Bacalso Jonathan , Jones Dylan , Miller Gad , Choi Won-Gyu , Harper Jeffrey F 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA potential strategy to mitigate oxidative damage in plants is to increase the abundance of antioxidants, such as ascorbate (i.e. vitamin C). In Arabidopsis (A. thaliana), a rate-limiting step in ascorbate biosynthesis is a phosphorylase encoded by Vitamin C Defective 2 (VTC2). To specifically overexpress VTC2 (VTC2 OE) in pollen, the coding region was expressed using a promoter from a gene with ∼150-fold higher expression in pollen, leading to pollen grains with an eight-fold increased VTC2 mRNA. VTC2 OE resulted in a near-sterile phenotype with a 50-fold decrease in pollen transmission efficiency and a five-fold reduction in the number of seeds per silique. In vitro assays revealed pollen grains were more prone to bursting (greater than two-fold) or produced shorter, morphologically abnormal pollen tubes. The inclusion of a genetically encoded Ca2+ reporter, mCherry-GCaMP6fast (CGf), revealed pollen tubes with altered tip-focused Ca2+ dynamics and increased bursting frequency during periods of oscillatory and arrested growth. Despite these phenotypes, VTC2 OE pollen failed to show expected increases in ascorbate or reductions in reactive oxygen species, as measured using a redox-sensitive dye or a roGFP2. However, mRNA expression analyses revealed greater than two-fold reductions in mRNA encoding two enzymes critical to biosynthetic pathways related to cell walls or glyco-modifications of lipids and proteins: GDP-d-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GMP) and GDP-d-mannose 3′,5′ epimerase (GME). These results support a model in which the near-sterile defects resulting from VTC2 OE in pollen are associated with feedback mechanisms that can alter one or more signaling or metabolic pathways critical to pollen tube growth and fertility.
Criminal Proof: Fixed or Flexible?
Authors: Ross Lewis 
Published: January 2023

AbstractShould we use the same standard of proof to adjudicate guilt for murder and petty theft? Why not tailor the standard of proof to the crime? These relatively neglected questions cut to the heart of central issues in the philosophy of law. This paper scrutinises whether we ought to use the same standard for all criminal cases, in contrast with a flexible approach that uses different standards for different crimes. I reject consequentialist arguments for a radically flexible standard of proof, instead defending a modestly flexible approach on non-consequentialist grounds. The system I defend is one on which we should impose a higher standard of proof for crimes that attract more severe punishments. This proposal, although apparently revisionary, accords with a plausible theory concerning the epistemology of legal judgments and the role they play in society.
School, Studying, and Smarts: Gender Stereotypes and Education Across 80 Years of American Print Media, 1930–2009
Authors: Boutyline Andrei , Arseniev-Koehler Alina , Cornell Devin J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this article, we apply computational word embeddings to a 200-million-word corpus of American print media (1930–2009) to examine how education-relevant gender stereotypes changed as women’s educational attainment caught up with and eventually surpassed men’s. This case presents a rare opportunity to observe how cultural components of the gender system transform alongside the reversal of an important pattern of stratification. We track six stereotypes that prior work linked to academic outcomes. Our results suggest that stereotypes most closely tied to the core stereotypical distinction between women as communal and men as agentic remained unchanged. The other stereotypes we tracked, however, became increasingly gender polarized: as school and studying gained feminine associations, intelligence and unintelligence gained masculine ones. Unexpectedly, we observe that trends in the gender associations of intelligence and studying are near-perfect mirror opposites, suggesting an interrelationship. We use these observations to further elaborate contemporary theoretical accounts of the gender system, arguing that this system persists partly because stereotypes shift to reinterpret social change in terms of a durable hierarchical distinction between women and men.
Manger space restriction does not negatively impact growth efficiency of feedlot heifers program fed a concentrate-based diet to gain 1.36 kg daily
Authors: Gubbels Erin R , Rusche Warren C , Smith Zachary K 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The objective of this research was to determine the influence manger space restriction had on program-fed feedlot heifers during the growing phase. Charolais × Angus heifers [initial body weight (BW) = 329 ± 22.1 kg] were used in a 109-d backgrounding study. Heifers were received approximately 60 d prior to study initiation. Initial processing (53 d before study initiation) included individual BW, application of an identification tag, vaccination against viral respiratory pathogens and clostridial species, and administration of doramectin pour-on for control of internal and external parasites. All heifers were administered 36 mg of zeranol at study initiation and were assigned to 1 of 10 pens (n = 5 pens/treatment with 10 heifers/pen) in a randomized complete block design (blocked by location). Each pen was randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: 20.3 cm (8IN) or 40.6 cm (16IN) of linear bunk space/heifer. Heifers were individually weighed on days 1, 14, 35, 63, 84, and 109. Heifers were programmed to gain 1.36 kg daily based on predictive equations set forth by the California Net Energy System. To calculate predictive values, a final BW of 575 kg was assumed to be the mature BW of the heifers and tabular net energy values of 2.05 NEm and 1.36 NEg from days 1 to 22, 2.00 NEm and 1.35 NEg from days 23 to 82, and 1.97 NEm and 1.32 NEg from days 83 to 109 were used. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS 9.4 with manger space allocation as the fixed effect and block as the random effect. No differences (P &gt; 0.35) were observed between 8IN or 16IN heifers for initial BW, final BW, average daily gain, dry matter intake, feed efficiency, variation in daily weight gain within each pen or applied energetic measures. No differences (P &gt; 0.50) were observed between treatments for morbidity. Although not statistically analyzed, 8IN heifers appeared to have looser stools during the first 2 weeks compared to the 16IN heifers. These data suggest restricting manger space allocation from 40.6 to 20.3 cm did not negatively influence gain efficiency or the efficiency of dietary net energy utilization in heifers programmed fed a concentrate-based diet to gain 1.36 kg daily. The use of tabular net energy values and required net energy of maintenance and retained energy equations are effective means to program cattle to a desired rate of daily gain during the growing phase.
The European Union’s response to the Covid-19 crisis and (the legitimacy of) the Union’s legal order
Authors: Delhomme Vincent , Hervey Tamara 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In EU legal scholarship, crises are associated with further European integration, often with legal and institutional innovations. Our analysis, covering examples of all aspects of ‘Union Covid law’, investigates two questions. To what extent is this true for the Covid-19 crisis—is Union Covid law what we expected? How has the pandemic re-shaped our understanding of the Union’s legal order, and especially its legitimacy? We draw out three broad overlapping themes, the ‘market/social’, ‘science/politics’, and ‘technocracy/democracy’ dimensions of Union law. We consider both the Union’s health law, and its economic governance, alongside other changes across a wide sweep of Union law including institutional law, and numerous aspects of internal market law, such as competition/state aids and consumer protection law. Overall, we show that Union Covid law is mostly predictable. However, our analysis demonstrates two important surprises. First, a narrow notion of the disciplines of the internal market, usually supposed to be fundamental to Union law, has been profoundly challenged. Second, the Union has not only deployed all its existing redistributive competences to respond to the pandemic. The Union has also effectively redefined its fiscal and economic governance powers to create a redistributive facility which, though formally limited in time, far exceeds in scale and scope any previous Union redistributive activity. Past Union crisis responses involved changes taking place outside Union legal structures, with the law sometimes ‘playing catch up’ in later Treaty amendments. This time, the Union’s Covid-19 crisis response at least purportedly takes place within existing legal constraints. This is new. We show, on the one hand, that the Union’s ‘output’ legitimacy has been enhanced. The Union is not forever condemned to lack legitimacy because of its economic constitutional settlement. The idea of a Union based on a legally encoded dominance of the ‘economic’ over ‘health’ interests—already widely discredited in Union health law scholarship—is replaced by Union law based on creative interpretations of formal competences, designed to meet the needs of human health as well as Union-wide economic recovery. On the other hand, however, the move to executive and technocratic governance associated with the Union’s pandemic response is a step backwards in terms of ‘input’ and ‘throughput’ legitimacy, in terms of both policy substance and law enforcement. The lack of democratic or judicial oversight over Union Covid-19 (soft) law negatively affects the legitimacy of Union law.
B cell‐dependent subtypes and treatment‐based immune correlates to survival in stage 3 and 4 lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Raju Paul Susan , Valiev Ivan , Korek Skylar E. , Zyrin Vladimir , Shamsutdinova Diana , Gancharova Olga , Zaitsev Alexander , Nuzhdina Ekaterina , Davies Diane L. , Dagogo‐Jack Ibiayi , Frenkel Felix , Brown Jessica H. , Hess Joshua M. , Viet Sarah , Petersen Jason L. , Wright Cameron D. , Ott Harald C. , Auchincloss Hugh G. , Muniappan Ashok , Shioda Toshihiro , Lanuti Michael , Davis Christel M. , Ehli Erik A. , Hung Yin P. , Mino‐Kenudson Mari , Tsiper Maria , Sluder Ann E. , Reeves Patrick M. , Kotlov Nikita , Bagaev Alexander , Ataullakhanov Ravshan , Poznansky Mark C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Surgery and chemoradiation are the standard of care in early stages of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), while immunotherapy is the standard of care in late‐stage NSCLC. The immune composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is recognized as an indicator for responsiveness to immunotherapy, although much remains unknown about its role in responsiveness to surgery or chemoradiation. In this pilot study, we characterized the NSCLC TME using mass cytometry (CyTOF) and bulk RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) with deconvolution of RNA‐Seq being performed by Kassandra, a recently published deconvolution tool. Stratification of patients based on the intratumoral abundance of B cells identified that the B‐cell rich patient group had increased expression of CXCL13 and greater abundance of PD1+ CD8 T cells. The presence of B cells and PD1+ CD8 T cells correlated positively with the presence of intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). We then assessed the predictive and prognostic utility of these cell types and TLS within publicly available stage 3 and 4 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) RNA‐Seq datasets. As previously described by others, pre‐treatment expression of intratumoral 12‐chemokine TLS gene signature is associated with progression free survival (PFS) in patients who receive treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Notably and unexpectedly pre‐treatment percentages of intratumoral B cells are associated with PFS in patients who receive surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation. Further studies to confirm these findings would allow for more effective patient selection for both ICI and non‐ICI treatments.