bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A modified hyperbola based baseline free approach using Lamb wave mode conversion for detection of multiple structural damages: a simulation based study
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Kumar Sachin , Sunny Mohammed Rabius 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Guided wave based techniques are among the promising techniques for structural health monitoring due to their ability to detect damage with high precision, ability to scan large area and low power consumption. However, practical implementation of these techniques to structures with relatively complex geometries such as stiffened plates demand further research due to several challenges. Some of such challenges include the presence of stiffeners and edges in close vicinity causing multiple reflections of waves, possibility of multiple damages and lack of baseline data. To address all these issues, a modified hyperbola based approach using mode converted signal and a data based matching scheme has been proposed in this paper. A stiffened plate is taken as the example structure. Corrosion like defects have been considered as the damages. Each panel of the stiffened plate has been scanned separately through phased array actuation. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach have been shown through a case study using 3D finite element simulation data.
Cadmium does not affect post-hatching maternal care or early offspring development in earwigs
Authors: Honorio Romain , Moreau Sarah , Lécureuil Charlotte , Meunier Joël 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Anthropogenic pollution is steadily increasing and has a major impact on biodiversity. Chemical pollutants in particular affect many reproductive, physiological, and survival traits in a wide range of organisms. However, the effects on behavioral traits have been less studied, although they could have wide-ranging negative effects from the individual to the community level. Here, we attempted to fill this knowledge gap by investigating the effect of a common heavy metal pollutant, cadmium, on post-hatching maternal care and juvenile development in the European earwig Forficula auricularia. We fed 108 earwig families with five different cadmium concentrations (0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg.L−1), and measured ten parameters related to offspring care, non-care maternal behaviors, investment in maternal care and two parameters of offspring development (offspring weight gain and survival). Somewhat surprisingly, we found no effect of cadmium ingestion on any of the parameters measured, except for maternal self-grooming behavior. In particular, the ingestion of cadmium by group members did not result in an overall decrease in the expression of care by the contaminated mothers or in an overall higher level of care received by the contaminated offspring. By contrast, mothers fed the highest dose of cadmium showed an increase in self-grooming, probably due to the stress of toxic ingestion. Overall, our study raises questions about whether and how parent–offspring interactions can alter the negative effects of contaminated environments in social species.
Violence is Islam, Violence is Not Islam: Meaning-Making Among Muslim Men in Norway
Authors: Ahmed Uzair 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article employs cultural repertoire theory to investigate how 84 Muslim men in Norway make meaning of adopting or rejecting political violence. Previous studies have addressed political violence among Muslims, but little attention has been paid to how its adoption and rejection involve self-ascription and ascriptions by others. The participants made meaning by drawing on stories about their past, exclusion and belonging, in addition to religious worldviews and political knowledge, including boundaries of class, crime, violence, race, religion and gender. Muslims are informed by mainstream ascriptions of them as extreme others and inherently radicalized in their meaning-making. This finding has important implications for how Muslim radicalization should be understood and countered.
Crossing the valley of non-intimidating conspicuousness: evolution of warning coloration through the lens of fitness landscapes
Authors: Topper Akiva , Kolodny Oren 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe initial evolution of conspicuous aposematism is a longstanding evolutionary paradox: while the benefits of conspicuousness in aposematic signals have been demonstrated, they rely on predators being familiar with the conspicuous signals and avoiding them. In a system dominated by naïve predators, the appearance of conspicuousness would be expected to increase detection and attack rate by the predators. Hence, it is unclear how such signals could become established in a naïve community. We suggest that this problem may usefully be framed in the terms of fitness landscapes, an idea used for conceptualizing the mapping between genotype/phenotype and fitness. The evolution of conspicuousness can be thought of as a special case of valley crossing, which concerns the transition of populations between fitness peaks, when such a transition imposes an initial decrease in fitness. Crypsis may be regarded as a local fitness peak, hindering predators’ ability to detect prey; for an unpalatable species, conspicuous aposematism may constitute a higher-still fitness peak, preventing predation attempts altogether and allowing access to niches unavailable to species encumbered by the necessity to remain concealed from predators. However, in order to reach this higher peak, the population must first cross the valley of non-intimidating conspicuousness, in which the prey is conspicuous but the predators are not yet deterred. Using terms borrowed from the concept of fitness landscapes, we categorize several solutions suggested previously in the literature as either concerning changes in the fitness landscape or as illuminating possible ridges connecting the two peaks, which emerge from unconsidered dimensions of the fitness landscape. We suggest that considering this question through the lens of fitness landscapes not only facilitates useful categorization of previously suggested solutions but may also prove useful for thinking about novel ones.
GWAS meta-analyses clarify the genetics of cervical phenotypes and inform risk stratification for cervical cancer
Authors: Koel Mariann , Võsa Urmo , Jõeloo Maarja , Läll Kristi , Gualdo Natàlia P , Laivuori Hannele , Lemmelä Susanna ,   Estonian Biobank Research Team; FinnGen, Daly Mark , Palta Priit , Mägi Reedik , Laisk Triin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified associations for cervical cancer, but the underlying mechanisms of cervical biology and pathology remain uncharacterised. Our GWAS meta-analyses fill this gap, as we characterise the genetic architecture of cervical phenotypes, including cervical ectropion, cervicitis, cervical dysplasia, as well as up to 9229 cases and 490 304 controls for cervical cancer from diverse ancestries. Leveraging the latest computational methods and gene expression data, we refine the association signals for cervical cancer and propose potential causal variants and genes at each locus. We prioritise PAX8/PAX8-AS1, LINC00339, CDC42, CLPTM1L, HLA-DRB1 and GSDMB as the most likely candidate genes for cervical cancer signals, providing insights into cervical cancer pathogenesis and supporting the involvement of reproductive tract development, immune response and cellular proliferation/apoptosis. We construct a genetic risk score (GRS) that is associated with cervical cancer [hazard ratios (HR) = 3.1 (1.7–5.6) for the top 15% vs lowest 15% of individuals], and with other HPV- and immune-system-related diagnoses in a phenome-wide association study analysis. Our results propose valuable leads for further functional studies and present a GRS for cervical cancer that allows additional risk stratification and could potentially be used to personalise the conventional screening strategies for groups more susceptible to cervical cancer.
Pressed to Prolong: Conscription, the Costs of Military Labor, and Civil War Duration
Authors: Anderson Noel , Bagozzi Benjamin E , Koren Ore 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExisting research has identified numerous explanations for why some civil wars last longer than others. Yet, the type of labor that state militaries recruit has remained unexplored in this context. We consider how a state's military personnel system affects its ex post decision to keep fighting. We argue that conscription renders access to military labor relatively easy and, thus, less expensive. As military wages fall, war becomes less costly, the production of military power becomes more labor intensive, and the hazard of conflict termination declines. In a volunteer force, in contrast, military labor is relatively scarce and, therefore, more expensive. Accordingly, war becomes more costly, the production of military power becomes more capital intensive, and the hazard of conflict termination rises. These effects are reinforced as a conflict persists, leading to an increased divergence in duration across conscripted and volunteer militaries. We test these contentions using a global sample of civil wars, finding robust support for each expectation. We also validate the underlying mechanisms linking conscription to protracted conflict in two illustrative cases. Our results highlight the importance of labor-side determinants of war duration and contribute to a growing literature that explores how the composition of military forces affects conflict dynamics.
Metallic and polymeric green nanoplatforms in oncology
Authors: Jadhav Mrunal , Prabhu Arati 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChemotherapy, the cornerstone of cancer treatment, although invaluable, is plagued with unbearable and occasionally life-threatening side effects due to its inability to discriminate between tumorous and healthy cells. Anticancer nanomedicines have gained prominence due to their site-specific delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. In comparison to traditional chemical and physical procedures, which add to the chemical burden of an already ailing body, biosynthesis of nanomaterials by plants and microorganisms has evolved as safer ‘green’ nano-manufacturing technology. While nanomedicines from plant extracts have been exhaustively researched, the use of microbes as potential nano factories for the production of metal nanoparticles has recently piqued interest. Many bacteria develop defence mechanisms to detoxify hazardous metal ions, which results in formation of nano scaled metals that can be used for numerous therapeutic applications. The intrinsic variability of microbiological systems, however, poses its own set of challenges, necessitating more stringent standardization protocols in order to create nanomaterials with reproducible attributes. In this paper, we review the emerging trends in the green biosynthesis of nanomaterials and their potential applicability in cancer therapeutics. We probe the microbial biosynthetic mechanistic pathways and the efforts taken to control the physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles. The applications of metallic nanoparticles obtained from microbes as well as polymeric systems obtained from bacteria, fungi and seaweed in oncology are described in detail. The development of these nanomaterials as next-generation green anticancer drugs may result in a revolution in cancer therapeutics.
Oligofructose, 2’fucosyllactose and β-glucan in combination induce specific changes in microbial composition and short-chain fatty acid production compared to sole supplementation
Authors: Jackson Peter Philip James , Wijeyesekera Anisha , van Harsselaar Jessica , Theis Stephan , Rastall Robert Adrian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsIn this study, we explored the effects that the prebiotic inulin-type fructans, and prebiotic candidates: 2’fucosyllactose and β-glucan from barley, singular and in combination had on microbial load, microbiome profile, and short-chain fatty acid production. This was carried out as a prescreening tool to determine combinations that could be taken forward for use in a human intervention trial.Methods and resultsEffects of inulin-type fructans, 2’fucosyllactose and β-glucan from barley in singular and combination on microbial load and profile and short-chain fatty acid production (SCFA) was conducted using in vitro batch culture fermentation over 48 h. Changes in microbial load and profile were assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization flow cytometry (FISH-FLOW) and 16S rRNA sequencing, and changes in SCFA via gas chromatography. All substrates generated changes in microbial load and profile, achieving peak microbial load at 8 h fermentation with the largest changes in profile across all substrates in Bifidobacterium (Q &lt; 0.05). This coincided with significant increases in acetate observed throughout fermentation (Q &lt; 0.05). In comparison to sole supplementation combinations of oligofructose, β-glucan and 2’fuscosyllactose induced significant increases in both propionate and butyrate producing bacteria (Roseburia and Faecalibacterium praunitzii), and concentrations of propionate and butyrate, the latter being maintained until the end of fermentation (all Q &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsCombinations of oligofructose, with β-glucan and 2’fucosyllactose induced selective changes in microbial combination and SCFA namely Roseburia, F. praunitzii, propionate and butyrate compared to sole supplementation.
Potential uses of AI for perioperative nursing handoffs: a qualitative study
Authors: King Christopher Ryan , Shambe Ayanna , Abraham Joanna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveSituational awareness and anticipatory guidance for nurses receiving a patient after surgery are keys to patient safety. Little work has defined the role of artificial intelligence (AI) to support these functions during nursing handoff communication or patient assessment. We used interviews to better understand how AI could work in this context.Materials and MethodsEleven nurses participated in semistructured interviews. Mixed inductive-deductive thematic analysis was used to extract major themes and subthemes around roles for AI supporting postoperative nursing.ResultsFive themes were generated from the interviews: (1) nurse understanding of patient condition guides care decisions, (2) handoffs are important to nurse situational awareness, but multiple barriers reduce their effectiveness, (3) AI may address barriers to handoff effectiveness, (4) AI may augment nurse care decision making and team communication outside of handoff, and (5) user experience in the electronic health record and information overload are likely barriers to using AI. Important subthemes included that AI-identified problems would be discussed at handoff and team communications, that AI-estimated elevated risks would trigger patient re-evaluation, and that AI-identified important data may be a valuable addition to nursing assessment.Discussion and ConclusionMost research on postoperative handoff communication relies on structured checklists. Our results suggest that properly designed AI tools might facilitate postoperative handoff communication for nurses by identifying specific elevated risks faced by a patient, triggering discussion on those topics. Limitations include a single center, many participants lacking of applied experience with AI, and limited participation rate.
TMPRSS2 and SARS-CoV-2 SPIKE interaction assay for uHTS
Authors: Cicka Danielle , Niu Qiankun , Qui Min , Qian Kun , Miller Eric , Fan Dacheng , Mo Xiulei , Ivanov Andrey A , Sarafianos Stefan G , Du Yuhong , Fu Haian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes the disease COVID-19, has claimed millions of lives over the past 2 years. This demands rapid development of effective therapeutic agents that target various phases of the viral replication cycle. The interaction between host transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and viral SPIKE protein is an important initial step in SARS-CoV-2 infection, offering an opportunity for therapeutic development of viral entry inhibitors. Here, we report the development of a time-resolved fluorescence/Förster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay for monitoring the TMPRSS2–SPIKE interaction in lysate from cells co-expressing these proteins. The assay was configured in a 384-well-plate format for high-throughput screening with robust assay performance. To enable large-scale compound screening, we further miniaturized the assay into 1536-well ultrahigh-throughput screening (uHTS) format. A pilot screen demonstrated the utilization of the assay for uHTS. Our optimized TR-FRET uHTS assay provides an enabling platform for expanded screening campaigns to discover new classes of small-molecule inhibitors that target the SPIKE and TMPRSS2 protein–protein interaction.
Approximately linear INGARCH models for spatio-temporal counts
Authors: Jahn Malte , Weiß Christian H , Kim Hee-Young 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExisting integer-valued generalised autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (INGARCH) models for spatio-temporal counts do not allow for negative parameter and autocorrelation values. Using approximately linear INGARCH models, the unified and flexible spatio-temporal (B)INGARCH framework for modelling unbounded (bounded) counts is proposed. These models combine negative dependencies with kinds of a long memory. They are easily adapted to special marginal features or cross-dependencies: When modelling precipitation data (counts of rainy hours), we account for zero-inflation, while for cloud-coverage data (counts of okta), we deal with missing data and additional cross-correlation. A copula related to the spatial error model shows an appealing performance.
Mechanisms of theIn VivoAntitumor Activity ofPolyalthia longifoliaLeaf Extract Against HeLa Cell Xenograft Tumor: A Microscopic-Based Histological and Immunohistochemical Microanalyses
Authors: Cilwyn-Shalitha Braganza , Sasidharan Sreenivasan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of Polyalthia longifolia leaf extract against the growth of HeLa cell xenograft tumor in nude mice and its underlying mechanism. The nude mice xenografted with HeLa cells were treated with 5% DMSO (vehicle control), 20 mg/kg/body weight of etoposide (positive control), and 500 and 1000 mg/kg/body weight of leaf extract, respectively. Antitumor activity was evaluated with apoptosis, proliferation, and angiogenesis using microscopic-based histological and immunohistochemical microanalyses. The tumor tissue histological and immunohistochemical analyses showed that the HeLa tumor cell death was associated with apoptosis and decreased (p &lt; 0.05) expression of Ki-67 in tumor tissues. The extract also inhibits tumor angiogenesis by downregulating (p &lt; 0.05) the expression of VEGF and CD31 in tumor tissues after treatment for 35 days. Conclusively, the P. longifolia leaf extract effectively inhibited HeLa cell xenograft growth in nude mice. The possible mechanism was related to induction of apoptosis, inhibition of tumor HeLa cell proliferation by decreasing the Ki-67 protein expression, and prevention of tumor angiogenesis by reducing VEGF and CD31 protein expression in HeLa cells.
Colonial Mobility and the Cultural Replication of British Music: Granville Bantock’s Australian Tour, 1938–1939
Authors: Watt Paul , Oates Jennifer 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Legions of foreign musicians have toured Australia in an effort to transplant old musical cultures. One such tour was undertaken by Granville Bantock in late 1938 to further the examinations business of Trinity College of Music, London. As argued in this article, however, there was more to his visit than meets the eye: it was an attempt by Bantock to secure new audiences for his music. The press’s role in this tour was marked by fawning journalists reporting on the composer’s endorsement of local music-making as evidence of Australia’s musical maturity. Bantock’s music was celebrated by the press except for one journalist, who condemned his peddling of old-fashioned music in a modern Australia. Although Bantock’s visit to Australia in late 1938 was designed to promote Trinity College, it was in fact an exercise in cultural mobility, and the replication of a certain style of British music that invoked narratives concerning the cultural cringe in which Bantock, and most of the press, were complicit.
A rich molecular chemistry in the gas of the IC 348 star cluster of the Perseus Molecular Cloud
Authors: Iglesias-Groth Susana , Marin-Dobrincic Martina 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
We present Spitzer 10–34 $\mu{\rm m}$ spectroscopic observations of the diffuse gas in the inner region of the star-forming region IC 348 of the Perseus Molecular Cloud. We find evidence for the strongest mid-IR bands of common molecules as H2, OH, H2O, CO2, and NH3 and of several carbonaceous molecules which may play an important role in the production of more complex hydrocarbons: HCN, C2H2, C4H2, HC3N, HC5N, C2H6, C6H2, C6H6. The excitation diagram of H2 reveals the presence of warm gas (270 ± 30 K) at the observed locations. Assuming this temperature, the derived abundances of CO2 and NH3 relative to H2 are 10−8 and 10−7, respectively. From the water lines we obtain an abundance of order 10−6 and higher gas temperatures. The abundances derived for HCN and C2H2, key molecules in the development of prebiotic building blocks, are of order 10−7 and 10−9, respectively. More complex molecules such as PAHs and the fullerenes C60 and C70 are also present. IC 348 appears to be very rich and diverse in molecular content. The JWST spectroscopic capabilities may provide details on the spatial distribution of all these molecules and extend the present search to more complex hydrocarbons.