bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relational Processes in Videoconference and In‐Person Psychotherapy When Wearing Face Masks: A Cross‐Cultural Study
Authors: Silva Vânia , Ribeiro Eugénia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimPrompted by concerns about the quality of the therapeutic relationship due to the impact of COVID‐19's protective measures on communication, we aimed to understand how therapists and clients from different cultural backgrounds perceive the impact of videoconference (VT) and in‐person psychotherapy with face masks (IPTFM) on the relational processes in psychotherapy.MethodsA sample of 139 therapists and 71 clients participated in an online survey. We conducted an exploratory analysis using descriptive and inferential statistics to examine therapists' and clients' ratings of session quality, therapeutic relationship, communication and expression/perception of emotions in VT and IPTFM.ResultsTherapists and clients generally rated the communication, real relationship and working alliance in IPTFM and VT as good. However, when asked to compare IPTFM and VT with regular in‐person therapy, therapists and clients recognised some differences, especially regarding session quality, communication and emotional expression or perception. There were also differences between therapists and clients in terms of working alliance in IPTFM and post‐session mood in VT. The way therapists and clients perceived the quality of the relational processes in IPTFM and VT also differed based on some cultural aspects (e.g. age, disability, religion, ethnic identity and gender).ConclusionThe results of the study emphasise the need for therapists to develop cultural competence by becoming aware of their own personal characteristics and inner processes (e.g. expectations, values and beliefs) and exploring clients' expectations of the therapeutic process based on their cultural identity while tailoring therapeutic approaches to the distinct relational and environmental dynamics of VT and IPTFM.
New Technology for a New World: How AI is Creating Opportunities for Students and Faculty
Authors: Behringer Kelsey , Maguire Devyn 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis article dives into the reality of how, since 2023, generative artificial
intelligence (AI) has emerged as an inescapable force in education and highlights the work of community college faculty in use of AI in teaching and learning. ChatGPT is an example of a relatively new and rapidly evolving aspect of AI research, the large language model. Large language models such as ChatGPT may be the key to providing equitable access to learning as it can provide personalized learning pathways that can augment the impact of instructors. Faculty and colleges thriving in this new era of large language models are those that treat ChatGPT and its peer programs as catalysts to rethink their assignments and assessments so they could do something they've always done: prepare their students for a future that depends increasingly on technology.
A Greener, Safer, and More Understandable AI for Natural Science and Technology
Authors: Martens Harald 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMore rational, open‐minded use of quantitative Big Data in Science and Technology is required for better real‐world problem solving as well as for the stabilization of shared belief structures in society. Modern instrumentation gives informative but overwhelming data streams. A thermal video camera with suitable spatiotemporal subspace modeling allows us to detect surface temperature changes of, for example, engines, that can reveal something going on inside. An RGB video camera responds to both motions and color changes in nature, often with spatiotemporal change patterns that we can discover and describe mathematically, validate statistically, interpret graphically, and then use for sensible things. A hyperspectral Vis./NIR satellite camera with hundreds of wavelengths reveals changes in clouds and at each earth location, again and again. Today we know how to decode such overwhelming streams of high‐dimensional data into physical and chemical causalities by minimalistic hybrid multivariate subspace models. We thereby combine prior knowledge with the ability to discover new, reliable variation patterns. Minimalistic subspace models handle such data. These “open‐ended” multivariate linear hybrid models are computationally fast, statistically safe, and graphically understandable. The minimalistic subspace models are therefore suitable for both data modeling (based on multivariate measurements) and metamodeling (based on input–output simulation results for nonlinear mechanistic models' behavioral repertoire). That makes it easier to combine high‐dimensional streams of real‐world measurements and complicated, slow mechanistic models. Implemented as minimalistic foundation models with hierarchies of extended subspace models, this can form a basis for faster discovery and problem solving in Natural Science & Technology.
Redox‐Active Bisphosphonate‐Based Viologens as Negolytes for Aqueous Organic Flow Batteries
Authors: Gonzalez Gabriel , Nechaev Anton A. , Peshkov Vsevolod A. , Martínez‐González Eduardo , Belyaev Andrey , Hamza Andrea , Shahsavan Mahsa , Pihko Petri M. , Peljo Pekka 
Published: January 2025

AbstractViologen derivatives feature two reversible one‐electron redox processes and have been extensively utilized in aqueous organic flow batteries (AOFBs). However, the early variant, methyl viologen (MVi), exhibits low stability in aqueous electrolytes, restricting its practical implementation in AOFB technology. In this context, leveraging the tunability of organic molecules, various substituents have been incorporated into the viologen core to achieve better stability, lower redox potential, and improved solubility. In this work, we introduce bisphosphonate‐substituted viologens (BBPE−Vi and MBPE−Vi) as candidates for AOFBs. The bulkiness and negative charges of the bisphosphonate groups enhance the solubility and the electrostatic repulsion among viologen molecules, minimizing the bimolecular side reactions that lead to degradation. Additionally, the electron‐rich character of this new substituent in its deprotonated state significantly lowers the redox potential. As a result, the proposed viologen derivatives exhibit high solubility (1.45 M in water) and stability (capacity decay of 0.009 %/cycle or 0.229 %/day when tested at 0.5 M). These parameters are coupled with the lowest redox potentials exceeding all previously reported viologens utilized in AOFBs (−0.503 V and −0.550 V against SHE for MBPE−Vi and BBPE−Vi, respectively).
Synthesis of Dendronized Polymers via a “m+n” Grafting‐onto Strategy with Reaction‐Enhanced Reactivity of Intermediates (RERI) Mechanism
Authors: Zhou Yingqing , Xu Yanping , Yin Xiuzhe , Hou Wangmeng , Liu Zhijia , Shi Yi , Chen Yongming 
Published: January 2025

Comprehensive SummaryDendronized polymers (DenPols) with tunable shape and surface property have been recognized as a type of promising unimolecular nanomaterials. However, it still has lacked a rapid and efficient approach to the facile synthesis of DenPols with high‐generation and well‐defined structures. Herein, we report a “m+n” grafting‐onto strategy combined with the copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction with reaction‐enhanced reactivity of intermediates (RERI) mechanism for synthesizing DenPols Gm+n by attaching n‐generation dendrons (Gn) onto the m‐generation DenPols Gm. In this “m+n” grafting‐onto strategy, the DenPols Gm (m = 1, 2) bearing 1,3‐triazido branches on the repeating unit were capable of RERI effect that guaranteed the CuAAC reaction in an extremely efficient way with ultrafast kinetics to synthesize third‐, fourth‐ and fifth‐generation DenPols (G1+2, G1+3, G1+4, G2+2, and G2+3) with near quantitative grafting density and narrow distribution. Moreover, these resultant DenPols Gm+n had more terminal groups per repeating unit due to the three branches of 1,3‐triazido structure, exhibiting valuable potential opportunities for molecular surface engineering. The development of this “m+n” grafting‐onto strategy with RERI mechanism not only presents a new avenue for ultrafast preparing DenPols but also holds great promise for preparing unimolecular materials with more functional terminal groups.
Localization of Cholecystokinin/Sulfakinin Neuropeptides in Biomphalaria glabrata, an Intermediate Host for Schistosomiasis
Authors: Rivera Alana , Bracho‐Rincón Dina , Miller Mark W. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSnails belonging to the genus Biomphalaria serve as obligatory intermediate hosts for the trematode Schistosoma mansoni, the causative agent for the most widespread form of schistosomiasis. The simpler nervous systems of gastropod molluscs, such as Biomphalaria, provide advantageous models for investigating neural responses to infection at the cellular and network levels. The present study examined neuropeptides related to cholecystokinin (CCK), a major multifunctional regulator of central nervous system (CNS) function in mammals. A neural transcriptome generated from the CNS of Biomphalaria alexandrina included a transcript encoding two CCK‐related peptides, designated Balex‐CCK1 (pEGEWSYDY(SO3H)GLGGGRF‐NH2) and Balex‐CCK2 (NYGDY(SO3H)GIGGGRF‐NH2). Peptide expression was examined in Biomphalaria glabrata at the mRNA level using the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) protocol and at the protein level using an antibody against Balex‐CCK1. Expression was detected in 60–70 neurons distributed throughout the CNS, as well as in profuse fiber systems connecting the ganglia and projecting to the periphery. CCK‐like immunoreactive (CCKli) fibers were also observed on organs associated with the cardiorespiratory (nephridium, mantle, gill) and male reproductive systems. A comparison of mRNA and peptide localization suggested that CCK expression could be regulated at the level of translation. A potential role of these peptides in mediating responses to infection by larval schistosomes is discussed.
Association of Albumin‐To‐Creatinine Ratio With Diabetic Retinopathy Among US Adults (NHANES 2009–2016)
Authors: Dai Han , Liu Ling , Xu Weiwei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study investigates the relationship between the albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in US adults using NHANES data from 2009 to 2016. This study assesses the predictive efficacy of the urinary serum albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR/SACR Ratio) against traditional biomarkers such as the serum albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (SACR) and urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR) for evaluating DR risk. Additionally, the study explores the potential of these biomarkers, both individually and in combination with HbA1c, for early detection and risk stratification of DR.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study analysed data from 2594 diabetic adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2009–2016). Multivariate logistic regression models, adjusted for demographic (sex, age, race and education) and clinical factors (WBC, PLT, RDW, HbA1c, HBP and CHD), examined the associations between biomarkers and DR. Biomarkers were analysed both continuously and in quartiles to assess dose–response relationships. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis evaluated the predictive accuracy of individual biomarkers and combined models.ResultsElevated SACR levels were inversely related to DR risk, while UACR showed a positive correlation. The UACR/SACR ratio demonstrated superior predictive capability for DR compared to SACR and UACR alone. The most accurate predictive model combined SACR, UACR, UACR/SACR ratio and HbA1c (AUC = 0.614), highlighting DR development complexity. Subgroup analyses revealed stronger associations in participants aged < 60 years and those with hypertension (both p < 0.05), with more pronounced effects observed in males and Mexican Americans, while lifestyle factors showed no significant modifying effect.ConclusionThe UACR/SACR Ratio emerged as a potentially superior DR predictor, particularly in younger patients and those with hypertension, suggesting its utility in enhancing early detection and risk stratification. Comprehensive evaluation of renal function and glycaemic control biomarkers, considering age‐ and comorbidity‐specific patterns, could improve DR risk prediction and management. Future longitudinal studies should validate these findings, particularly in identified high‐risk subgroups, and investigate underlying mechanisms, potentially advancing personalised DR prediction and management strategies.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Sodium Hypochlorite for Genomic DNA Decontamination
Authors: de Silva Wijeyeratne Ashinsa , Gweon Hyun S. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) is an increasingly popular, sensitive, and cost‐efficient method for studying biodiversity and detecting species. This noninvasive approach involves collecting environmental samples that contain genetic material shed by organisms into their surroundings. Due to the method's sensitivity, robust decontamination strategies are crucial, with sodium hypochlorite, commonly known as bleach, frequently employed. Despite its widespread use, there is no consensus on the most effective bleach concentration, leading to inconsistencies in how the chemical is used in research. This study aimed to determine the minimum concentration of bleach needed for effective decontamination. Genomic DNA of signal crayfish was treated with various concentrations of bleach, ranging from 0.01% to 5% (w/w). Results were observed using Qubit High Sensitivity reagents, quantitative PCR, agarose gel electrophoresis, and the Agilent TapeStation. Our results indicate that a minimum concentration of 0.5% (w/w) bleach is sufficient to prevent the detection of genomic DNA by the techniques tested. These results provide important insights into the use of bleach for decontamination in eDNA research. Establishing a standard bleach concentration for decontamination protocols will help to reduce inconsistencies and enhance the reliability of eDNA studies.
Pancreatic stellate cell: Update on molecular investigations and clinical translation in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Liu Yawei , Xue Ran 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPancreatic cancer is a particularly aggressive tumor, distinguished by the presence of a prominent collagenous stroma and desmoplasia that envelops the tumor cells. Pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) contributes to the formation of a dense fibrotic stroma and has been demonstrated to facilitate tumor progression. As the significance of PSCs is increasingly revealed, more explorations are focused on the complex molecular mechanisms and tumor–stromal crosstalk in order to guide potential therapeutic approaches through deactivating or reprogramming PSCs. Nevertheless, significant challenges persist in translating preclinical discoveries into clinical applications. In this review, we expect to offer a comprehensive overview of the latest molecular advancements in PSCs, along with new insights into the clinical therapeutic strategies targeting PSCs.
The association between preterm delivery and autism spectrum disorder in childhood: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ellouk Sapir , Zamstein Omri , Wainstock Tamar , Sheiner Eyal 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundPrematurity complications are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in offspring, including adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. The association between preterm birth (PTB) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains debated.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between PTB and ASD diagnosis during childhood.MethodsThis cohort study analyzed data from community clinics and a tertiary hospital, encompassing deliveries from 2005 to 2017. ASD incidence was compared across gestational age categories: extremely preterm (<28 weeks), very preterm (28–32 weeks), moderate to late preterm (32–37 weeks), and term (≥37 weeks). Additional comparisons were made between all preterm (<37 weeks) and term deliveries (≥37 weeks). Cumulative ASD incidence was assessed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsAmong 114 975 pregnancies, 0.3% delivered at <28 weeks, 0.6% at 28–32 weeks, and 6% at 32–37 weeks, with 6.9% preterm deliveries overall. Univariable analysis revealed a significant association between PTB and ASD (1.6% for <28 weeks vs 0.3% for 28–32 weeks vs 0.8% for 32–37 weeks vs 0.7% for term, P = 0.036). Crude ASD incidence was 0.8% (odds ratio [OR] 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93–1.56, P = 0.15). However, adjusted results showed no significant association: adjusted hazard ratio = 0.74 (95% CI 0.24–2.34, P = 0.61) for <28 weeks, 0.99 (95% CI 0.24–3.99, P = 0.98) for 28–32 weeks, and 1.07 (95% CI 0.81–1.43, P = 0.63) for 32–37 weeks. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed similar cumulative ASD incidence across groups (P = 0.855).ConclusionThis retrospective cohort study found no significant association between PTB and childhood ASD diagnosis.
Ion specificity of salt glands in zoysiagrass under different exposures to sodium and potassium
Authors: Jespersen David , Saab Jessica Abi , Draughn Max 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSalt glands are a notable feature on halophytic turfgrass species from the genus Zoysia. Plants were exposed to differing levels of NaCl and KCl to better understand the specificity of salt glands toward secreting specific ions. Plants were exposed to 75 mM NaCl:225 mM KCl, 150 mM NaCl:150 mM KCl, or 225 mM NaCl:75 mM KCl. Ion secretions were measured via leaf washes and compared to ion contents from whole leaf extractions. Salt glands secreted both potassium and sodium but secreted sodium at relatively greater proportions. Gene expression for several ion transporters including high‐affinity potassium transporter (HKT) and Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) genes showed that gene expression is highly variable, and further work is needed to understand the regulation of salt gland activity. This study aims to better understand the specificity of zoysiagrass salt glands for specific ions, particularly under saline conditions, even when sodium is not the dominant ion.
The Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms on Genotoxicity (DNA Damage) Induced by Cigarette Smoke in Humans: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pinto Thiago Guedes , Avanci Lorrany da Silva , Renno Ana Claudia Muniz , Hipolide Debora Cristina , Santos Jean Nunes dos , Cury Patricia Ramos , Dedivitis Rogerio Aparecido , Ribeiro Daniel Araki 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe present systematic review aims to put together human population studies that include some relationship between genetic polymorphisms and genotoxicity as well as to evaluate the quality of the published studies induced by cigarette smoke exposure in vivo. The present systematic review was built according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. Different genotoxicity assays were used by different authors, although the major goal was the genotoxicity assessment by means of micronucleus, comet, sister chromatid exchange, and chromosomal aberration assays. Also, different genetic polymorphisms were analyzed by different authors, being closely related to xenobiotics metabolizing and DNA repair genes. Our aim, therefore, was to collect these data so that a quality assessment could be properly carried out. Out of the 18 included studies, 15 reported genotoxicity due to cigarette smoking, and all of these reported some association between a genetic polymorphism and the aforementioned genotoxicity. Also, 14 studies were classified as either strong or moderate, which suggests the aforementioned findings can be trusted in regard to the studies' quality. Taken as a whole, the results suggest that genes associated with detoxification genes and DNA repair genes play a substantial role in the determination of an individual's susceptibility to genomic damage due to cigarette smoking.
Measurement and Analysis of Optical Transmission Characteristics of the Human Skull
Authors: Chen Peiquan , Zhou Liang , Liu Zhaohui , Liu Shuang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe brain, as a vital part of central nervous system, receives approximately 25% of body's blood supply, making accurate monitoring of cerebral blood flow essential. While fNIRS is widely used for measuring brain physiology, complex tissue structure affects light intensity, spot size, and detection accuracy. Many studies rely on simulations with limited experimental validation. In this study, we used real adult skulls and agar to create a mimic model, building a transmission optical system with 13 wavelength filters and varying agar thicknesses. Peak intensity of transmitted light and size of scattered spot were measured at different wavelengths, and transmittance, total attenuation coefficient, and spot diameter enlargement of cranial mimics at different wavelengths were obtained. Results showed wavelengths below 550 nm struggled to penetrate the skull, while those above 700 nm penetrated deeper and diffused more. This suggests that short wavelengths capture epidermal PPG signals, whereas longer wavelengths detect both epidermal and intracranial signals.
An Automated Baseline Correction Method for Raman Spectra Based on Piecewise Polynomial Fitting With Adaptive Window
Authors: Ma Jie , Zuo Meiyu , Wu Biwei , Wang Weibo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBaseline background tends to cause the Raman spectral signal to be hidden or distorted, making it difficult to accurately acquire spectral information. Although polynomial fitting has been widely proven to be an effective baseline correction method, it is difficult to achieve both high speed and high accuracy. In this paper, we propose a piecewise polynomial fitting method based on a sliding adaptive window(S‐ModPoly). S‐ModPoly relies on the adaptive width selection of a sliding window to automatically split the original spectrum into many different length segments containing complete peak information. Low‐order iterative polynomial fitting is performed for each segment separately, which greatly reduces the computational effort while improving the baseline fitting accuracy. By further correcting the piecewise fitting results, the discontinuities between different intervals after piecewise fitting are eliminated. Furthermore, the true intensity information of the spectral signal is retained. Here, S‐ModPoly is compared with three representative automated methods. The experimental results show that the S‐ModPoly method has lower mean error and higher stability in a very short time (less than 20 ms). Additionally, the experimental results on measured Raman spectra demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in automatically processing various real spectral baselines. It performs well in both low and high intensity background baselines.