bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Narrowing maize yield gaps across smallholder farming systems in Zambia: what interventions, where, and for whom?
Authors: Silva João Vasco , Baudron Frédéric , Ngoma Hambulo , Nyagumbo Isaiah , Simutowe Esau , Kalala Kelvin , Habeenzu Mukwemba , Mphatso Mtendere , Thierfelder Christian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMaize production in Zambia must increase with a view towards improved food security and reduced food imports whilst avoiding cropland expansion. To achieve this, it is important to understand the causes behind the large maize yield gaps observed in smallholder farming systems across the country. This is the first study providing a yield gap decomposition for maize in Zambia, and combining it with farm typology delineation, to identify the key limiting factors to maize yield gaps across the diversity of farms in the country. The analysis builds upon a nationally representative household survey covering three growing seasons and crop model simulations to benchmark on-farm maize yields and N application rates. Three farm types were delineated, including households for which maize is a marginal crop, households who are net buyers of maize, and households who are market-oriented maize producers. Yield gap closure was about 20% of the water-limited yield, corresponding to an actual yield of 2.4 t ha− 1. Market-oriented maize farms yielded slightly more than the other farm types, yet the drivers of yield variability were largely consistent across farm types. The large yield gap was mostly attributed to the technology yield gap indicating that more efficient production methods are needed to raise maize yields beyond the levels observed in highest yielding fields. Yet, narrowing efficiency and resource yield gaps through improved crop management (i.e., sowing time, plant population, fertilizer inputs, and weed control) could more than double current yields. Creating a conducive environment to increase maize production should focus on the dissemination of technologies that conserve soil moisture in semi-arid areas and improve soil health in humid areas. Recommendations of sustainable intensification practices need to consider profitability, risk, and other non-information constraints to improved crop management and must be geographically targeted to the diversity of farming systems across the country.
The reflection of principles and values in worldwide organic agricultural research viewed through a crop diversification lens. A bibliometric review
Authors: Chopin Pierre , Menegat Alexander , Bergkvist Göran , Dahlke Steffen , Jäck Ortrud , Karlsson Ida , Lana Marcos , Ortman Tove , Reumaux Rafaelle , Öborn Ingrid , Watson Christine A 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOrganic agriculture and organic food have expanded in recent decades but have undergone conventionalisation. Some claim that this contradicts some or all of the principles of ‘health’, ‘ecology’, ‘fairness’ and ‘care’ established by the International Federation of Organic Agricultural Movement (IFOAM). It is currently unclear how research on organic food/agriculture is structured, whether it embraces these principles, or how key crop diversification, driving sustainability, are addressed. To fill these knowledge gaps, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of 10,030 peer-reviewed articles published from 1945 to 2021 with topic and textual analysis. Our main findings were the following: (1) research is compartmentalised into scales and disciplines, with at field-scale ‘weed’, ‘soil’, ‘pest and disease’ management and ‘livestock farming’ seldom addressed together, or with environmental assessment separated from socioeconomic studies at farm scale. (2) The proportion of publications on ‘consumers’ preferences’ and ‘product quality’ research almost tripled in 20 years, from 10 to 27%, emphasizing the consumer orientation of research on organic agriculture and organic food. (3) Only 4% of articles covered all four IFOAM principles, while associated values such as ‘resilience’, ‘integrity’, ‘equity’, ‘transparency’ and ‘justice’ were even less frequently addressed. (4) Fewer diversification practices have been tested in organic than in conventional agriculture research, with fewer articles on ‘crop mixtures’ or ‘bee-friendly crops’ and a smaller range of legumes considered. (5) Research on genetic improvement and processing of organic legumes is lacking, which could constrain adoption of legumes in organic farming even more than in conventional agriculture. These results indicate a need for increasing interdisciplinary efforts at field level, with systematic measurement of multiple processes (weed-nutrient-pest dynamics). Future studies on organic agriculture should combine several diversification practices and legumes, with relevant indicators addressing the IFOAM values explicitly, and consider the whole value chain by linking producers with consumers.
Programs to Prepare Siblings for Future Roles to Support Their Brother or Sister with a Neurodevelopmental Disability: a Scoping Review
Authors: Nguyen Linda , Bootsma Jael , Ketelaar Marjolijn , Di Rezze Briano , Jack Susan M. , Gorter Jan Willem 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Purpose of Review
To identify and map the characteristics and outcomes of programs designed to prepare siblings for their future roles with their sibling with a neurodevelopmental disability.

Recent Findings
Existing programs to support siblings of individuals with a neurodevelopmental disability often focus on providing information about neurodevelopmental disabilities, creating a community for siblings to connect with each other, and connecting siblings to resources and services to support them in their roles. Some programs are offered to the whole family with specific sessions for siblings. While these program descriptions are provided in the literature, there is limited understanding about the impacts and outcomes of these programs on siblings of an individual with a neurodevelopmental disability.

Summary
Fifty-eight articles (published between 1975 and 2020, with > 50% published since 2010) met the inclusion criteria, representing 54 sibling programs from 11 countries. Extracted data represented 1033 (553 females) sibling participants, between 4 and 67 years old. Twenty-seven programs focused on the outcome of knowledge acquisition for the siblings and thirty-one programs focused on the outcome of empowerment for the siblings to teach skills to their sibling with a neurodevelopmental disability. While there is an increasing number of programs for siblings of individuals with a neurodevelopmental disability in the past decade, there is a lack of siblings as co-developers or facilitators. Future research should consider the various roles that siblings can have in programs to address their needs.
COVID-19-related changes in eating disorder pathology, emotional and binge eating and need for care: a systematic review with frequentist and Bayesian meta-analyses
Authors: Güzel Âmine , Mutlu Naz Lâl , Molendijk Marc 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic has been a leading cause of stress and feelings of loss of control, both of which have been related to eating disorder (ED) pathology onset and deterioration. We aim to estimate the magnitude of changes in the prevalence rates of, and indicators for, ED psychopathology in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method
Pre-registered systematic review with frequentist and Bayesian meta-analyses. Searches for eligible studies were performed in PubMed, Web of Science and pre-print servers until January 15 2023.

Results
Our searches yielded 46 eligible studies reporting on a total of 4,688,559 subjects. These data provide strong evidence indicating increased rates of diagnosed and self-reported ED’s and a concordant increased need for care in the face of the pandemic. ED symptom severity scores in patients were not elevated during the pandemic, except for those related to anorexia nervosa. On average, people in the general population report relatively high levels of emotional and binge eating during the pandemic, although the evidential strength for these associations is only anecdotal to moderate. Moderators of between-study heterogeneity were not detected.

Conclusions
Altogether, our results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with a wide spread negative effect on ED pathology in patient samples and the general population. The development of online prevention and intervention programs for EDs during stressful times like a pandemic is encouraged. A limitation is that the results reported here may be prone to biases, amongst others, self-report bias.
Level of evidence: Level I, systematic review and meta-analysis.
Preregistration: Prospero [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero] ID: CRD42022316105.
Body shape perception in men and women without obesity during caloric restriction: a secondary analysis from the CALERIE study
Authors: Jacobson Maci M. , Gardner Alexis M. , Handley Camilla E. , Smith Michael W. , Christensen William F. , Hancock Chad R. , Joseph Paule V. , Larson Michael J. , Martin Corby K. , LeCheminant James D. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective
To examine body shape perception in 218 adults without obesity or history of eating disorders during caloric restriction (CR).

Methods
Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) is a 2-year, randomized clinical trial using a 2:1 assignment (CR, 25% reduction in calories; Control, typical diet). For this secondary analysis, we examined perceived body shape using the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Analyses of BSQ scores are reported by group, over time, by sex, and by BMI. Data for body fat percentage, symptoms of depression, food cravings, maximal oxygen consumption, and stress were analyzed for their association with BSQ scores.

Results
Compared to control, CR reduced BSQ scores. Women tended to have greater concern with body shape than men across all measurement times. There was no difference in change in BSQ scores at 12 or 24 months between those with a BMI < 25 kg/m2 or ≥ 25 kg/m2. Change in body fat percentage was most correlated with change in BSQ score from 0 to 12 (r = 0.39) and 0–24 months (r = 0.38). For change in BSQ score, Akaike/ Bayesian information criterion (AIC/BIC) found that the model of best fit included the following three change predictors: change in body fat percentage, depression symptoms, and food cravings. For 0–12 months, AIC/BIC = 1482.0/1505.6 and for 0–24 months AIC/BIC = 1364.8/1386.5.

Conclusions
CR is associated with reduced concern for body shape in men and women without obesity and with no history of eating disorders. Body shape perception among this sample was complex and influenced by multiple factors.

Level of evidence
Level I, randomized controlled trial.
The factors associated with orthorexia nervosa in type 2 diabetes and their effect on diabetes self-management scores
Authors: Kamarli Altun Hülya , Özyildirim Caner , Koç Şeyma , Aksoy Hatice Nur , Sağir Beyza , Bozkurt Merve Sefa , Karasu Hakan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the ORTO-R scores in individuals with T2DM and to investigate their effect on diabetes self-management.

Methods
The study included 373 individuals with type 2 diabetes between the ages of 18–65 who applied to Akdeniz University Hospital Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Polyclinic between January and May 2022. A questionnaire including sociodemographic data, information about diabetes, and nutritional habits, and the ORTO-R and Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Scales were used to collect data. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the factors affecting ORTO-R.

Results
The linear regression analysis showed that age, gender, education level, and duration of diabetes affected ORTO-R scores in patients with type 2 diabetes. Body mass index, comorbidities (cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases and hypertension), diabetes-related complications, diabetes treatment method and dieting had no significant contribution to the model (p > 0.05). We also found that education level, comorbidities, diabetes-related complications, diabetes treatment method, dieting, and BMI can affect diabetes self-management.

Conclusion
It should be kept in mind that type 2 diabetes are at risk of orthorexia nervosa (ON) in terms of various aspects such as age, gender, education level and duration of diabetes. Since the factors affecting the risk of ON and the factors affecting diabetes self-management are intertwined, orthorexic tendencies should be kept under control while trying to increase self-management in these patients. In this respect, developing individual recommendations according to the psychosocial characteristics of patients may be an effective approach.

Level of evidence
Level V, cross-sectional study.
Porcine Platelet Lysate Intra-articular Knee Joint Injections for the Treatment of Rabbit Cartilage Lesions and Osteoarthritis
Authors: Hsieh Yi-Ho , Chu Yi-Chieh , Hsiao Jui-Ting , Shu Yi-Ting , Hsieh Ming-Fa , Lee Hung-Maan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
At present, autologous platelet-derived therapies such as platelet-rich plasma is widely used in the clinic, but allogeneic and xenogeneic therapies are currently in the research stage, mainly due to their biocompatibility in vivo. Platelet lysates depleted of antigens such as blood cells are a potential solution for allogeneic or xenogeneic applications. Platelet lysates can successfully promote the growth and differentiation of xenogeneic cells in vitro, but in vivo data are not yet available. This study aims to evaluate whether porcine platelet lysate can effectively avoid inflammatory reaction in rabbit knee joint, and then treat cartilage defect and arthritis.

Methods
We developed porcine platelet lysates containing undetectable antigens such as blood cells and complement. For xenogeneic application, platelet lysate was injected into rabbit knee joints to observe joint responses. To examine cartilage repair, osteochondral defects were created in rabbit knee joints. Rabbits were sacrificed three months after treatment with platelet lysate to observe cartilage regeneration and arthritis.

Results
The tissue sections in the rabbit knee joints showed no inflammatory reaction. Furthermore, the injection of platelet lysate was found to effectively inhibit the formation of cartilage arthritis in rabbit knee joints.

Conclusion
Our experimental results show that xenogeneic platelet lysate is a safe and effective method in the treatment of arthritis, which can be used as a research basis for future medical applications. The use of xenogeneic platelet lysate for regenerative therapy in vivo is feasible.
The Evolution of Diabetes Treatment Through the Ages: From Starvation Diets to Insulin, Incretins, SGLT2-Inhibitors and Beyond
Authors: Mudaliar Sunder 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDiabetes is an ancient disease and for centuries extreme diets and herbal remedies were used to treat diabetes symptoms. The discovery of insulin in 1921 transformed the landscape of diabetes treatment and was followed by the discovery of several new therapies which improved glycemia and increased patient life span. However, as patients with diabetes lived longer, they developed classic microvascular and macrovascular diabetes complications. In the 1990s, the DCCT and the UKPDS trials demonstrated that tight glucose control reduced the microvascular complications of diabetes, but had marginal effects on cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in patients with diabetes. In 2008, the FDA directed that all new diabetes medications demonstrate cardiovascular safety. From this recommendation emerged novel therapeutic classes, the GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2-Inhibitors, which not only improve glycemia, but also provide robust cardio-renal protection. In parallel, developments in diabetes technology like continuous glucose monitoring systems, insulin pumps, telemedicine and precision medicine have advanced diabetes management. Remarkably, a century later, insulin remains a cornerstone of diabetes treatment. Also, diet and physical activity remain important components of any diabetes treatment. Today type 2 diabetes is preventable and long-term remission of diabetes is possible. Finally, progress continues in the field of islet transplantation, perhaps the ultimate frontier in diabetes management.
Crystallization and electrical measurements of sintered qandilite (Mg2TiO4)-borosilicate glass composite
Authors: Hamzawy Esmat M. A. , Margha Fatma H. , Morsi Reham M. M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractQandilite Mg2TiO4 ceramic was prepared from MgO-TiO2 powder/borosilicate glass composite. Composite materials were prepared by nominal MgTiO3 alone and with 10, 30, and 50% borosilicate glass. The sintering process resulted in qandilite alone either in nominal Mg2TiO4 alone or with 10% glass. Incorporation of 30% and 50% glass gave crystalline magnesium titanate (MgTi2O5) in both sintered samples with either forsterite (Mg2SiO4) in 30% containing glass or rutile (TiO2) and enstatite (MgSiO3) in 50% containing glass. The microstructure of sintered samples presented clear tetragonal or octahedral which referred to qandilite in the case of nominal MgTiO3 alone or that containing 10% glass. Also, the later crystals appeared in the case of 70% glass-containing samples whereas in the case of 50% containing glass, in addition to the later clear crystals, rod-like crystals were embedded in glassy matrix. The dielectric constant of the studied composite samples was decreased with increasing the glass fraction until 30 wt%, and then increased to lead to the highest values of dielectric constant (⁓125 at room temperature and 1 kHz) at a glass fraction of 50 wt%. The activation energy (Ea) attained values in the range 0.145–0.438 eV. The results of Ea values and AC conductivity may indicate the dominance of electronic mechanism over the ionic transfer one in the studied sample. The prepared composite samples exhibited a semiconducting nature.
Transit Thrombus in a Patent Foramen Ovale — Time Is Running Out: a Case Report
Authors: Kronberg Kay , Schwarz Arne Kristian , Faist Diana , Elsässer Albrecht 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe report a case of a large thrombus entrapped in a patent foramen ovale after bariatric surgery and pulmonary embolism. The 60-year-old female patient was admitted to hospital as an emergency after syncope. She suffered from metabolic syndrome with obesity (height: 180 cm, weight: 170 kg, BMI: 49.4 kg/m2) and an insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type 2. She had had bariatric surgery (implantation of a gastric balloon) 4 weeks prior to hospitalization. A transthoracic echocardiography was performed which indicated a large entrapped thrombus in the patent foramen ovale with extensions of approximately 10 cm in both the right and the left heart. Surgical embolectomy was performed to remove the circa 20-cm-long thrombus.At the time of surgery, only 2 cm of the transit thrombus remained in the right atrium. Thus, during the time between diagnosis and emergency surgery, the thrombus had gradually migrated 8 cm. Pulmonary embolectomy and closure of the patent foramen ovale were performed during the same procedure. The patient recovered completely without any complications and was discharged 11 postoperatively. This case demonstrates the importance of urgent medical decision-making with transit thrombi — time is running out.
Exogenous Pre-harvest Application of Abscisic and Jasmonic Acids Improves Fruit Quality by Enhancing Sugar Synthesis and Reducing Acidity in Pomegranate (Punica granatum L. cv. Wonderful)
Authors: Hussein Azza S. , Ibrahim Rashad A. , Eissa Mamdouh A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOne of the major issues with pomegranate production in arid and semi-arid climate is the white arils of fruit. The known plant regulators abscisic and jasmonic acids play a variety of roles in plant growth and the reduction of abiotic stresses. However, little is known about their application to improve the quality of pomegranate fruit, particularly white arils, in semi-arid environments. Herein, the experiments, in this study, were performed in two consecutive seasons 2020 and 2021 on 10-year-old Wonderful pomegranate trees to spotlight the improvement of the aril coloration and fruit quality by spraying with abscisic and jasmonic acids under semi-arid climatic conditions. Fifteen Wonderful pomegranate trees were subjected to five treatments (three replications for each). The tested treatments included abscisic acid (ABA) at the concentrations of 600 and 800 µg−1 mL, jasmonic acid (JA) at the concentrations of 10 and 15 Mm, and the control treatment (distilled water). The physical and chemical characteristics of the fruit quality of Wonderful pomegranate improved significantly when the trees were treated with abscisic or jasmonic acids. The foliar addition of ABA at 600 and 800 µg−1 mL increased the anthocyanin index by 96.74 and 114.75%, respectively, in the first year and by 49.48 and 67.62% in the second year, in comparison with the control. The foliar addition of ABA at 800 µg−1 mL was more effective than jasmonic acid in enhancing most of the chemical fruit properties, especially the anthocyanin index. The high level of ABA (800 µg−1 mL) gave the minimum fruit acidity and the highest fruit quality. Abscisic acid induces the fruit acidity and enhances the aril coloration in Wonderful pomegranate. In semi-arid conditions, it is recommended to spray the Wonderful pomegranate trees with abscisic acid at 800 µg−1 mL to improve the fruit quality and to increase the aril coloration.
Biochar-derived dissolved organic matters influencing bacterium characteristics during biodegradation of sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol under alternation of visible and avoiding light
Authors: Yang Fang , Xue Yanan , Gao Yue , Zhu Qing , Wang Cuiping , Sun Hongwen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe influence of biochar-released dissolved organic matter (BDOM) on the transcription of gene (DEG) in Pseudomonas stutzeri and Shewanella putrefacien during sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and chloramphenicol (CAP) biodegradation under visible light was investigated in this study. The results indicated that BDOM components would be nutrients for bacterial amplification and growth under the culture conditions of xenon lamp irradiation and avoiding light, especially BDOM from low temperatures. Additionally, visible light irradiation would improve the saturated fatty acid by stimulating the cell membrane of the microorganism, thus promoting the biodegradation of antibiotics through altering P. stutzeri and S. putrefaciens reoxidative and catabolism processes and significantly inhabiting the copy number of their genes. Moreover, the upregulated genes and enzymes related to SMX and CAP-metabolic and catabolic processes were enriched, which were involved in the pathways of biodegradation, further improving biodegradation efficiency. In particular, interaction network analysis between the top 100 dominant functional genes from P. stutzeri and S. putrefaciens and the molecular types of BDOM, e.g., CHO, CHON, and CHOS (p < 0.05), indicated that the genes of molecular function showed a high positive or negative correlation with the CHO type of BDOM. The results revealed that the CHO type of BDOM affected the functional genes of molecular function, cellular component, and biological process from P. stutzeri and S. putrefaciens, influencing the biodegradation of SMX and CAP. This study provided an basis for BDOM playing a role in antibiotic removal from the aqueous solution using biochar combined with photobiodegradation.
Graphical Abstract