bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foliar melatonin ameliorates drought‐induced alterations in enzyme activities of sugar and nitrogen metabolisms in cotton leaves
Authors: Khattak Wajid Ali , He Jiaqi , Sun Jianfan , Ali Iftikhar , Bilal Wasim , Zahoor  , Khan Khalid Ali , Wang Youhua , Zhou Zhiguo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSugar and nitrogen metabolisms help plants maintain cellular homeostasis, stress tolerance, and sustainable growth in drought conditions. Melatonin, a potent antioxidant and signaling molecule, appears to mitigate the negative impacts of drought on plants. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of foliar‐applied melatonin in ameliorating drought‐induced alterations in leaf sugar and nitrogen metabolisms' enzyme activities during cotton flowering and boll formation. To date, no study has examined drought‐induced sugar and nitrogen metabolisms' enzyme activity changes in cotton treated with foliar melatonin. Drought levels (FC1 = 75 ± 5%, FC2 = 60 ± 5%, and FC3 = 45 ± 5%) were maintained between 3 and 35 days after flowering (DAF), and melatonin (M) concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 μmol L−1) were applied at 3 and 21 DAF in a completely randomized design. M100 concentrations at low FC levels significantly enhanced leaf sugar and N‐metabolic enzyme activities, such as sucrose synthase (65.56%) and glutamine synthetase (55.24%), compared to plants not treated with melatonin; peaking between 7 and 21 DAF and declining gradually with crop growth. Moreover, the M100 concentrations at all FC levels, particularly FC3, significantly increased the relative expression of GhSusB, GhSusC, SPS1, and SPS3 genes, indicating that melatonin improves leaf sugar and N‐metabolism enzymatic activities under drought stress. Therefore, applying M100 concentrations to cotton foliage under FC3 conditions during reproductive stages improves leaf water status, sugar, and N‐metabolism enzyme activities, demonstrating melatonin's potent anti‐stress, osmoregulatory, and growth‐promoting properties in overcoming drought stress in cotton crops. Future research into the molecular mechanisms of melatonin‐mediated sugar and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities in cotton leaves may lead to biotechnological methods to improve drought resilience in cotton and other crops.
The influence of instructions on reversing the generalization of valence, US expectancy, and electrodermal responding in fear conditioning
Authors: Patterson Rachel R. , Lipp Ottmar V. , Luck Camilla C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPairing a conditional stimulus (CS) with an aversive unconditional stimulus (US) causes negative valence and US expectancy to generalize to stimuli that are perceptually and/or conceptually similar to the CS. Past research has shown that instructing participants that the US is more likely to follow stimuli that are dissimilar to the CS reversed the generalization of US expectancy but left generalized valence unchanged. Here, we examined whether instructions about the relationship between stimuli that are perceptually similar would affect the generalization of valence. A picture of an alien (CS+) was paired with an electric stimulus, while a perceptually different alien stimulus (CS–) was presented alone. After conditioning, valence, US expectancy, and electrodermal responses generalized to different aliens that were perceptually similar (by color and shape) to the CS+ and CS–. Participants were then instructed that aliens perceptually similar to the CS+ belonged to the same group as the CS‐ and that aliens perceptually similar to the CS– belonged to the same group as the CS+. The instructions caused an elimination (but not a reversal) of generalized expectancy and valence but did not affect generalized electrodermal responses. This suggests that evaluations of generalization stimuli are sensitive to instructions about their relationship to the CS and that dissociations reported in the literature between valence and expectancy after instructions may occur due to the type of instruction used.
Gazing at the Venetian hub from a paratextual lens: An introduction
Authors: Crocco Claudia , Katinis Teodoro 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis introductory article presents the framework and contributions of the special issue Paratexts, Dissemination, and Book Market in Early Modern Venice (1500‐1650). This volume aims to shed a new light on the publishing activity of poligrafi and other figures operating in Venice and its area of cultural influence. In this context, the use of paratexts simultaneously serves to disseminate knowledge, portray self‐fashioning strategies, and respond attentively to the market's and readers' needs. This collection of essays highlights how paratexts can provide valuable insights for analyses grounded in different disciplines and methodologies. Indeed, the present issue brings together studies that examine paratexts from a literary, historical‐cultural, and linguistic perspective. The authors explore aspects of early modern culture that are relevant but still neglected in modern scholarship and thereby advance our understanding of writing and publishing as a complex modality of cultural exchange from the Cinquecento to the beginning of the Seicento.
Social protection for mobile populations? A global perspective on immigrant social rights
Authors: Römer Friederike , Henninger Jakob , Harris Eloisa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhile a growing body of work investigates the social rights of immigrants, there is a notable lack of comparative research on the topic that includes countries in the Global South. In this paper we argue that existing approaches often lack reproducibility, comparability, and adaptability beyond the cases that they focus on. To remedy this shortcoming, we propose a three‐dimensional conceptualization of immigrant social rights that takes into account differences between legal categories of migrants, between types of welfare benefits, and between types of restrictions. Applying this conceptualization, we offer the Immigrant Social Rights Dataset (ImmigSR), a set of quantitative comparative measures of de jure immigrant social rights covering 39 countries in Europe, Latin America, North America, Oceania and Southeast Asia for the years 1980–2018. Our analyses show commonalities as well as differences between world regions. Rights are more inclusive in the Global North than in the Global South. There is however a slight trend towards convergence, with rights retrenchment in the North and expansions in the South. Across all regions, temporary migrant workers and asylum seekers are the groups that are granted the least comprehensive set of rights. Depending on the dimension that is taken into focus, there are however also more nuanced intra‐regional differences. The findings confirm the usefulness of a multi‐dimensional conceptual approach to measuring immigrant social rights in a diverse set of cases.
Clinical evidence of 595 nm pulse dye laser treatment for viral warts on hands and feet
Authors: Campolmi Piero , Quintarelli Lavinia , Fusco Irene , Ronconi Lara , Zingoni Tiziano 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundViral warts, induced by infection by different HPV genotypes, are highly frequent in the general population, particularly during infancy and among adolescents. The effectiveness of the 595 nm Pulse dye‐laser in treating viral warts on the hands and feet in both adults and children was investigated in this study.Materials and MethodsA selection of 203 patients with multiple viral warts was made. All patients underwent 4–5 treatment sessions with a 595 nm pulse Dye Laser (PDL). Treatment outcome was assessed by a quartile scale: 1 indicates no or low results (0%–25% of the lesion area cleared), 2 indicates slight clearance (25%–50% of the lesion area cleared), 3 indicates moderate‐good clearance (50%–75%), and 4 indicates excellent clearance (75%–100%). Patients were asked for a subjective evaluation of the perceived overall results by means of the following score: unsatisfied (1), not very satisfied (2), satisfied (3), and very satisfied (4). Possible side effects were monitored. Results obtained were judged with a photographic evaluation, immediately and at the control visit (6 months after the last laser session).ResultsAll patients observed global improvements. Most of the lesions were completely removed after laser therapy. A total of 95% of patients achieved excellent clearance and they were very satisfied following the laser treatment. Relevant side effects were absent in all patients.ConclusionPDL treatment with the study device using a wavelength of 595 nm has proven to be a tolerable and safe therapy for viral warts management.
Visual thinking strategies for interprofessional education and promoting collaborative competencies
Authors: Paul Aleena , Mercado Nicholas , Block Lauren , DeVoe Barbara , Richner Nancy , Goldberg Gabrielle R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundInterprofessional education (IPE) curricula require approaches that address the needs of learners from multiple professions and levels of clinical experience. Frameworks based in the arts and humanities, which can improve learners' skills in collaborative competencies such as communication and team building, remain limited in IPE. We describe the development, implementation and evaluation of a visual arts‐based IPE session for over 400 interprofessional learners.ApproachDuring the 90‐min session held in 2021, an art museum educator first guided learners through observations of art works using the Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS) approach. Subsequently, small groups of six to eight interprofessional learners and two trained facilitators explored how their observations were influenced by personal and professional identities and made connections to interprofessional collaborative practice.EvaluationTwo hundred eleven of the 407 student attendees responded to the post‐session survey (52%). Eighty percent of the respondents agreed or strongly agreed that ‘the art of observation activity is an effective means of starting discussions with interprofessional teams.’ On the Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Survey, a validated tool assessing changes in interprofessional collaboration‐related competencies, there was a significant increase between pre‐ (M = 45.73, SD = 8.05, p < 0.001) and post‐session scores (M = 51.46, SD = 7.97, p < 0.001), using a paired t‐test analysis. Qualitative analysis of learners' takeaways identified themes of open‐mindedness, hearing other opinions and perspectives, collaboration/teamwork, patient‐centeredness and awareness of biases.ImplicationsOur curricular approach shows how integrating visual arts‐based pedagogies into IPE activities with learners from diverse disciplines and clinical experiences is both feasible and helpful for developing collaborative competencies.
Feasibility of feline coxofemoral arthroscopy using a supratrochanteric lateral portal: A cadaveric study
Authors: Bounds Courtney A. , Hudson Caleb C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of feline diagnostic coxofemoral arthroscopy.Study designEx vivo feline cadaveric descriptive study.AnimalsSeven feline cadavers (14 hips).MethodsGross dissection of two feline hips was performed to evaluate anatomic landmarks, guide arthroscopic portal development, and determine optimal limb positioning. A 1.9 mm, 0° arthroscope, inserted through a supratrochanteric lateral portal, was used to assess intraarticular structures in 12 feline cadaver hips. Arthroscopy was followed by gross dissection of periarticular soft tissues. Relative portal locations and damage to periarticular structures were recorded. Hips were disarticulated, and an India ink assay was performed to assess whether there was iatrogenic cartilage injury (ICI).ResultsScope insertion was achieved in all hips. Articular cartilage of the femoral head and acetabulum, round ligament, joint capsule, transverse acetabular ligament, and dorsal acetabular rim were identified arthroscopically in all hips. Probe insertion and intra‐articular structure palpation was achieved in all hips. Scope and instrument portals resulted in minimal periarticular muscle trauma. No sciatic nerve damage was detected. Minor partial thickness ICI was observed in all hips at the site of scope insertion. Focal full thickness ICI was noted in one hip.ConclusionArthroscopy of the feline coxofemoral joint allowed visual and probe evaluation of intra‐articular structures without evidence of major periarticular neurovascular trauma. Iatrogenic cartilage injury occurred in all hips but severity of lesions was considered mild.Clinical significanceCoxofemoral arthroscopy is feasible in cats and can be utilized as a diagnostic tool for minimally invasive joint evaluation.
Real-Time Measurement of Track Irregularities Using an Instrumented Axle and Kalman Filtering Techniques
Authors: Munoz Sergio , Urda Pedro , Yu Xinxin , Mikkola Aki , Escalona Jose Luis 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A model-based methodology for the estimation of both lateral and vertical track irregularities is presented. This methodology, based on Kalman filter techniques, was developed for an independent and compact measuring system comprising an instrumented axle equipped with a limited set of low-cost sensors: a 3D gyroscope, a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) distance sensor, and an encoder. The instrumented axle can be used on any railway vehicle traveling at moderate forward speed to provide measurements in real-time. The proposed methodology, combined with the instrumented axle, enables precise and prompt measurement of track irregularities. An experimental campaign carried out on a 1:10 scale track facility at the University of Seville validated both the system and the methodology. In the testing, 80 m of scaled track was measured at an operational speed of V = 0.65 m/s in just 2 min. Simulation estimates for track irregularities compared against the measured data from the testing showed a good performance of the proposed methodology, with maximum errors of 0.45 mm in the short wavelength range D1, the range most influential to vehicle dynamic behavior.
Development and Mechanical Testing of Implant for Cranial Reconstruction After Burr Hole Trepanation
Authors: Bodnárová Júlia , Kratochvíl Adam , Daniel Matej 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Burr hole trepanation is a surgical procedure in which one or more small holes, or trephines, are made in the skull to allow for the drainage of fluids or to relieve pressure within the skull. Burr hole trepanation is generally considered a safe and effective treatment for conditions such as brain abscesses and subdural hematomas. However, the bone defects must be closed after the surgery with a suitable implant. Current designs are mostly based on bone plates with limited lifetime, revision access, and low esthetic. Within this study, a new type of cranial implant is proposed made using additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. The implant is anchored in the burr hole and does not penetrate the skull space or prominate the skull. Four different types of implants have been proposed on the basis of an analytical model and verified using finite element analysis (FEA). New push-in mechanical tests are introduced using artificial bone to determine the strength of the locking mechanisms and ensure the safety of implants. The burr-hole implant with an overlap on the bone surface after implantation was proven to be the safest solution. The design of the new cranial implant could improve the esthetic outcome after surgery and minimize invasiveness in reoperations.
Walking Kinematic Coordination Becomes More In-Phase at Extreme Inclines
Authors: Gidley Alexis D. , Bailey Joshua P. 
Published: September 2023

Previous research has shown that there are differences in mechanical energy, kinematics, and muscle activation when comparing walking on level and incline surfaces, especially on inclines above 15%. Muscle activations are significantly different while walking on extreme inclines, suggesting a different coordination pattern. We utilized continuous relative phase to assess walking kinematic coordination with respect to increased incline angles. Twelve healthy, college-aged individuals walked for 7 inclines of 1 minute each on a motorized treadmill at 3 mph at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% inclines. Kinematic data were collected during the last 20 seconds of each stage (120 Hz). Segmental and joint angles and angular velocities in the sagittal plane were calculated, from which continuous relative phase was determined for 3 joint couples: hip–knee, hip–ankle, and knee–ankle. There were significant differences in the coordination patterns during the first part of the contact phase in the hip–knee and hip–ankle couplings between the 0% and 30% inclines, with all 3 joint couplings becoming more in-phase at inclines above 15%. Importantly, the hip–knee coupling changed significantly from more out-of-phase to more in-phase between 10% and 15% incline. Shifting lower-extremity joint coordination in response to extreme inclines identifies potential coordinative strategies to achieve steep walking.
Moving Well-Being Well: Evaluating the Efficacy, Impact on Gender, and Role of Teacher Fidelity of a Fundamental Movement Skill-Based Intervention in Irish Primary School Children
Authors: Gavigan Nathan , Issartel Johann , Peers Cameron , Belton Sarahjane 
Published: September 2023

Purpose: Competence in fundamental movement skills (FMS) is purported to be linked with increased physical activity participation. Yet, recent research suggests a low level of FMS proficiency in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, impact on gender, and influence of teacher fidelity on the Moving Well-Being Well intervention. Method: The intervention was delivered in 18 primary schools (n = 925, Mage = 7.55 years). Data were gathered on six FMS and two balance skills pre- and postintervention using the Test of Gross Motor Development—Third Edition and Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 2. Results: The mean postintervention FMS score was higher than preintervention, with a mean increase of 7.85 (23%). A two-way analysis of covariance found gender was not statistically significant (p = .74), but teacher fidelity was statistically significant (p = .000; moderate effect size). Conclusions: The intervention significantly improved children’s FMS, having a similar effect on boys and girls. Teacher fidelity of implementation had a significant impact on FMS improvement.
Ecological monitoring of physical activity, emotions and daily life activities in schizophrenia: the DiAPAson study
Authors: Zarbo Cristina , Rota Matteo , Calza Stefano , Crouter Scott E , Ekelund Ulf , Barlati Stefano , Bussi Riccardo , Clerici Massimo , Placenti Roberto , Paulillo Giuseppina , Pogliaghi Silvia , Rocchetti Matteo , Ruggeri Mirella , Starace Fabrizio , Zanolini Stefano , Zamparini Manuel , de Girolamo Giovanni 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundSchizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) compromise psychosocial functioning, including daily time use, emotional expression and physical activity (PA).ObjectiveWe performed a cohort study aimed at investigating: (1) the differences in PA, daily activities and emotions between patients with SSD and healthy controls (HC); (2) the strength of the association between these variables and clinical features among patients with SSD.MethodsNinety-nine patients with SSD (53 residential patients, 46 outpatients) and 111 matched HC were assessed for several clinical variables, and levels of functioning by means of standardised clinical measures. Self-reported daily activities and emotions were assessed with a smartphone application for ecological momentary assessment (EMA), and PA levels were assessed with a wearable accelerometer for 7 consecutive days.FindingsPatients with SSD, especially those living in residential facilities, spent more time being sedentary, and self-reported more sedentary and self-care activities, experiencing higher levels of negative emotions compared with HC. Moreover, higher functioning levels among patients were associated with more time spent in moderate-to-vigorous activity.ConclusionsSedentary behaviour and negative emotions are particularly critical among patients with SSD and are associated with more impaired clinical outcomes.Clinical implicationsMobile-EMA and wearable sensors are useful for monitoring the daily life of patients with SSD and the level of PA. This population needs to be targeted with specific rehabilitative programmes aimed at improving their commitment to structured daily activities.
Indications of alcohol or drug use disorders in five different national registers in Sweden: a cross-sectional population-based study
Authors: Lundin Andreas , Danielsson Anna-Karin , Dalman Christina , Hollander Anna-Clara 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of indications of alcohol or drug use disorders in five different national Swedish registers and to investigate the correlation between these registers. Furthermore, the intent is to investigate whether combining data from different registers increases the prevalence of these indications in the population due to the identification of different demographic groups in different registers.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and participantsIndividuals living in Sweden aged 20–64 years in 2006, n=5 453 616.Primary outcomeNational registers included the Registers of Inpatient Care, Outpatient Care, Medications, Social Insurance and Convictions. Demographic variables were sex, age, migrant status, education and civil status. Indications of alcohol or drug use disorders were presented as prevalence in percentage (%), correlation was examined using phi correlation coefficients and differences across demographic factors were studied using logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of an indication of alcohol or drug use disorder varied between registers, meaning that prevalence increased when all registers were considered together. The prevalence of alcohol use disorder increased by 60% and 66% among men and women, respectively, while the prevalence of drug use disorder increased by 45% and 80% among men and women, respectively, when all registers were combined, compared with only using the register with the highest prevalence. Registers contributed different indications of drug and alcohol use disorders.ConclusionsAccurate estimates of alcohol or drug use disorders are critical for healthcare and rehabilitation. This study shows that using a single register alone underestimates the burden of disease unevenly, while combining a range of registers can provide a more accurate picture.