bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of immersion in a simulated natural environment on stress reduction and emotional arousal: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Hongyi , Ding Yujun , Zhao Bing , Xu Yuhang , Wei Wei 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundAlthough the mental health benefits of exposure to simulated natural environments are well established by researchers from environmental psychology, landscape architecture, and public health, it is unclear whether and to what extent technological immersion affects these benefits.MethodsSystematical literature searches were conducted in May 2022 from six databases. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane’s Risk of Bias tool 2.0 and the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool. We performed a random-effects meta-regression to investigate the heterogeneity. The immersion levels of included studies were classified by projection devices and motion capture, and then subgroup analysis was conducted.ResultsTwenty-six publications were included. Exposure to simulated nature was confirmed to be associated with increased positive affect 0.40 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22, 0.58], vigor 0.58 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.86), calmness 0.54 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.92) and decreased perceived stress −0.38 (95% CI: −0.71, −0.06), total mood disturbance −0.87 (95% CI: −1.17, −0.57), tension −0.70 (95% CI: −0.99, −0.41), fatigue −0.60 (95% CI: −0.91, −0.28), anxiety −0.72 (95% CI: −1.43, −0.02), depression −0.33 (95% CI: −0.52, −0.14), confusion −0.79 (95% CI: −1.19, −0.40), and anger −0.54 (95% CI: −0.76, −0.31). Gender, health status, study design, mean age, and single exposure duration were not significant when entered in a meta-regression. For positive affect, medium immersion was observed to produce a larger effect than low and high immersion. All included studies had a moderate to high risk of bias.ConclusionAudio-visual exposure to simulated nature contributes to stress relief and emotional arousal. The immersion level explains the heterogeneity of positive affect triggered by simulated nature. Focusing on the technical features will open up new possibilities for combining actual and simulated nature’s mental health benefits.
Soundwalk path affecting soundscape assessment in urban parks
Authors: Sun Chutian , Meng Qi , Yang Da , Wu Yue 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionPrevious soundscape studies focused on sound perception and acoustic comfort in sampled sites and ignored the characteristics of the experiential process along the paths. Therefore, the effects of soundwalk paths on soundscape assessment should be explored.MethodsIn this study, a typical urban park was selected as a case study. The differences, characteristics, and effects of soundwalk paths on the soundscapes were explored, based on a soundwalk survey and laboratory study.ResultsThe results are as follows: first, in the soundwalk, different soundwalk paths in the urban park had significant effects on the perceived extent of individual sound and soundscape assessment. Second, the soundscape assessment was consistent with the peak-end rule. In the laboratory experiments, the peak assessment of soundscape appeared at the end location of the soundwalk paths, it was critical to the overall soundscape assessment. Furthermore, in the soundwalk, the overall perceived extent of individual sound was strongly affected by the perceived extent of dominant sounds at the end location of the soundwalk paths. Third, in the soundwalk, the sound loudness contrast path (noise-quiet/quiet-noise) and sound source contrast path (natural-artificial sound/artificial-natural sound) were compared. In the noise-quiet path, the assessment of acoustic comfort was higher than that in the quiet-noise path, and the assessment of subjective loudness was lower than that in the quiet-noise path (p &lt; 0.01). The subjective loudness of the artificial-natural sound path was lower than that in the natural-artificial sound path (p &lt; 0.05).DiscussionThus, the design of the soundwalk paths was expected to enhance visitors’ soundscape assessment of urban parks.
Sex- and genotype-dependent nicotine plus cue-primed reinstatement is enhanced in adolescent Sprague Dawley rats containing the human CHRNA6 3′-UTR polymorphism (rs2304297)
Authors: Carreño Diana , Lotfipour Shahrdad 
Published: January 2023

RationaleLarge-scale human candidate gene studies have indicated that a genetic variant (rs2304297) in the alpha(α)6 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit, encoded by the CHRNA6 gene, may play a key role in adolescent nicotine addictive behavior. We hypothesized that the polymorphism selectively enhances nicotine + cue-primed reinstatement, but not nicotine- or cue-reinstatement in α6GG (risk) vs. α6CC (non-risk) allele carriers, without having baseline effects on natural rewards.MethodsUsing CRISPR-Cas9 genomic engineering, we developed a humanized rat line with the human gene variant of the CHRNA6 3′-UTRC123G polymorphism in Sprague-Dawley rats. Genetically modified adolescent male and female rats were food trained under a fixed-ratio (FR)1 schedule of reinforcement and progressively increased to FR5. Animals were implanted with catheters and began nicotine self-administration (15 μg/kg/infusion) at FR5. Upon reaching stable responding, reinforced behavior was extinguished by removal of drug and cues. Reinstatement testing began for cue only, nicotine only, and nicotine + cue in a Latin Square Design. Animals were returned to extinction conditions for 2 days minimum between testing.ResultsFor natural food rewards, nicotine self-administration, progressive ratio, and extinction, adolescent male and female (α6GG and α6CC) rats exhibited equivalent behaviors. Male α6GG rats show enhanced nicotine + cue-primed reinstatement when compared with male α6CC rats. This genotype effect on reinstatement was not seen in female rats.ConclusionOur findings support the in vivo functional role of the human CHRNA6 3′-UTR SNP genetic variant in sex-dependently enhancing nicotine seeking behavior in adolescent rats. Overall, the findings support clinical and preclinical data highlighting a role of α6 nAChRs mediating sex heterogeneity in substance use and related phenotypes.
Clinical supervision approach predicts evidence-based trauma treatment delivery in children’s mental health
Authors: Meza Rosemary D. , AlRasheed Rashed , Pullmann Michael D. , Dorsey Shannon 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveObservational studies of practices used in clinical supervision-as-usual can be leveraged to advance the limited research on workplace-based supervision as an evidence-based treatment (EBT) implementation strategy. This exploratory observational study examined the presence of supervision approaches (comprised of supervision techniques) and whether these predicted clinicians’ EBT technique delivery.MethodsParticipants included 28 supervisors, 70 clinician supervisees, and 60 youth clients and guardians from 17 public mental health organizations. Data included audio recorded supervision-as-usual sessions over 1 year, audio recorded Trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) treatment sessions with youth for 6 months, and youth-reported post-traumatic stress severity scores. Audio recordings of 438 supervision sessions were coded for session duration and the presence of 13 supervision techniques and intensity of their coverage. Audio recordings of 465 treatment sessions were coded for presence and intensity of coverage of TF-CBT practice elements. Agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis examined the presence of clusters of supervision technique use, termed supervision approaches. Generalized estimating equations estimated the relation between supervision approaches and delivery of TF-CBT elements.ResultsTwo supervision approaches were identified– Supportive–Directive and Supportive– that discriminated between use of five supervision techniques. Clinicians who received a higher proportion of supportive–directive supervision sessions had greater odds of delivering the trauma narrative with a client.ConclusionFindings suggest that patterns of supervision techniques can be identified and may shape EBT delivery. Supervision approaches show some evidence of being tailored to individual clinicians. Implications for the development of supervision implementation strategies and future directions are discussed.
Alcohol consumption patterns of the Hungarian general and Roma populations
Authors: Kurshed Ali Abbas Mohammad , Vincze Ferenc , Pikó Péter , Kósa Zsigmond , Sándor János , Ádány Róza , Diószegi Judit 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionHarmful alcohol use is a significant public health problem worldwide, though the alcohol-related burden affects disproportionately certain populations and ethnic minorities, with the WHO European Region being the most heavily affected and putting an increased risk on Roma populations. This ethnic minority group is the largest and most vulnerable ethnic minority in Europe and Hungary as well.MethodsThe present study aims to describe and compare the alcohol consumption behaviors of the Hungarian general and Roma populations using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), which provides a comprehensive view of alcohol consumption behavior. In addition, a decomposition analysis was performed when the multivariate logistic or Poisson regression model showed significant differences between the two samples.ResultsOur findings suggest that Roma people in our study sample experience more alcohol-related harm, even when considering past problems. The decomposition analysis revealed that gender and relationship status differences act more intensely among Roma than non-Roma when considering alcohol-related harm.DiscussionEqualizing these differences would be expected to reduce the Hungarian general and Roma populations' alcohol-related harm frequency gap. Investigating alcohol-attributed harms at the ethnicity level provides important information to identify high-risk groups and, thus, to design and implement more targeted and accessible interventions for alcohol problems.
Factors associated with the mental health status of pregnant women in China: A latent class analysis
Authors: Pei Yifei , Chen Qian , Zhang Ying , He Chenlu , Wang Jingjing , Tang Jie , Hou Hao , Zhu Ziqing , Zhang Xunbao , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundPrenatal mental health is a neglected public health issue that places pregnant women at a higher risk for mental disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors of prenatal mental disorders and provide a scientific basis to guide and promote the mental health of pregnant women.MethodsThe study sample comprised 973 women in their first pregnancy, who were in their second trimester and third trimester, who underwent obstetric outpatient checkups at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Huai'an, who were recruited in the survey that was conducted from July to December 2017. The Chinese mental health scale (CMHS) was used to assess the mental health of pregnant women. The present study uses the chi-square test to compare the rates of class with different demographic variables, a latent class analysis to identify psychological symptoms, and multiple logistic regression analysis to examine whether the demographics predicted class membership.ResultsThe chi-square test results showed that participants who reported feeling different in the perinatal period (χ2 = 6.35, P = 0.04), having marital satisfaction (χ2 = 15.8, P &lt; 0.001), with an in-law relationship (χ2 = 29.43, P &lt; 0.001), with a friend relationship (χ2 = 24.81, P &lt; 0.001), with basic diseases (χ2 = 8.04, P = 0.02), and taking birth control pills (χ2 = 8.97, P = 0.01) have different probabilities of being classified. Three latent classes were identified: the high symptoms group (6.89%), the moderate symptoms group (20.56%), and the low symptoms group (72.56%). Pregnant women in the third trimester [odds ratio (OR) = 1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–3.25, P = 0.04], with a poor in-law relationship (OR = 2.82, 95% CI:1.45–5.51, P = 0.002), with a bad friend relationship (OR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.31–7.71, P = 0.01), and who had basic diseases (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.00–2.90, P = 0.04) tended to be classified under the high symptoms group than under the low symptoms group. Pregnant women with a bad friend relationship (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.08–4.28, P = 0.03) and taking birth control pills (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.08–2.11, P = 0.02) were more likely to be placed under the moderate symptoms group than under the low symptoms group.ConclusionsA pregnant woman's mental health status factors include feeling different in the perinatal period, those with marital satisfaction, those with an in-law relationship, those with a friend relationship, those with basic diseases, and those taking birth control pills. To ensure a smooth progress of pregnancy and promote the physical and mental health of pregnant women, psychological screening and psychological intervention measures should be strengthened.
Prevalence of and risk factors associated with depression among nursing students acting on the frontline of COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Nguyen Huyen Thi Hoa , Hoang Anh Phuong , Vu Linh Manh , Tran Duc Quang , Bui Linh Khanh , Pham Thuan Thi , Tran Linh Thuy Khanh , Nguyen Huong Thi Thanh 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe widespread devastation caused by the ongoing waves of COVID-19 imposed a significant burden on the healthcare labor force. At the frontline in the battle against the deadly COVID-19 virus, nursing students in Vietnam were at a much-increased risk of developing mental health conditions. This study aims to identify the prevalence of depression and its related factors, along with coping strategies used by nursing students in the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam.Materials and methodsThe study was cross-sectional in nature, with convenient sampling at the epicenters of COVID-19 outbreaks in Vietnam (N = 191) from April to November 2021. After conducting a questionnaire pilot, the data was collected strictly using an internet-based approach. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 items were used to identify the risk of depression among nursing students. The Chi-square test was used to assess the differences between coping strategies among nursing students. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors associated with depression.FindingsThe percentage of nursing students affected by depression was 21.5%, and almost half of the nursing students (49.2%) had no coping strategies for dealing with mental health concerns. Among the remaining nursing students, video-based mental consultation was the most popular method (25.7%). Being females (AOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.1–6.7), collecting bio-samples (AOR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.4–6.2), providing support to vaccination spots (AOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1–5.1), and not vaccinating against COVID-19 (AOR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.1–9.1) were found as risk factors for depression among nursing students.ConclusionOur research revealed a significant number of nursing students suffering from depressive symptoms and underscoring the need for more effective methods of dealing with this condition. Depression management and coping skills focusing on female populations and those whose direct contacts with infectious sources should be implemented in the nursing curricula and continuous training credits. Those trainings, would support future nurses in handling crisis situations better.
A comparative study of ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy combined with histopathology and Xpert MTB/RIF in the diagnosis of lymph node tuberculosis
Authors: Meng Xiangyu , Fu Hongxiang , Jia Weina , Wang Ying , Yang Gaoyi 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundCervical tuberculous lymphadenitis (CTBL) is a disease often ignored in clinical work, and pathology and Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) are the commonly used methods for tuberculosis diagnosis. This study aimed to compare ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy combined with histopathology and Xpert in the diagnosis of lymph node tuberculosis.MethodsA total of 217 patients highly suspected for CTBL were retrospectively enrolled. All patients underwent ultrasound-guided puncture sampling. All samples were subjected to pathological examination and Xpert test. The sensitivity and specificity of the two methods were compared for all samples. The kappa value was calculated to assess the consistency of the pathological examination and Xpert test using comprehensive diagnosis as the gold standard. Receiver operating characteristic curves of the pathological examination, Xpert test, and their combination were generated, and the areas under the curve (AUCs) were calculated to compare the diagnostic value of the three methods.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of the pathological diagnosis of CTBL were 70.1 and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of Xpert for CTBL diagnosis were 82.5 and 97.5%, respectively. The results of the pathological examination and Xpert test showed poor consistency in the diagnosis of CTBL, with a kappa value of 0.388. The AUC of the pathological diagnosis of CTBL was 0.850 (95% CI: 0.796–0.895), whereas that of Xpert was 0.900 (95% CI: 0.852–0.936), and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.0483). The AUC of pathological examination combined with Xpert for the diagnosis of CTBL was 0.956 (95% CI: 0.920–0.979), and the difference between pathological examination combined with Xpert for the diagnosis of CTBL was statistically significant compared with pathological examination and Xpert alone, respectively (both P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionThe diagnostic efficiency of Xpert test is higher than that of pathological examination, but its sensitivity is still not ideal for clinical diagnosis. According to this study, the consistency of Xpert test and pathological diagnosis is poor, and the combination of Xpert test and pathological diagnosis can significantly increase the diagnostic efficiency.
High risk of unsuccessful treatment outcome in migrant population with tuberculosis: Data from three Italian hospitals
Authors: Di Gennaro Francesco , Cotugno Sergio , Fasano Massimo , Ricciardi Aurelia , Ronga Luigi , Lattanzio Rossana , Grimaldi Anna , Bavaro Davide Fiore , Ciarallo Marianna , Garzone Stefania , De Iaco Giuseppina , Guido Giacomo , Fiore Josè Ramon , Brindicci Gaetano , Santoro Carmen Rita , Sica Salvatore , Iacovazzi Tiziana Loredana , Santantonio Teresa Antonia , Saracino Annalisa 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionTuberculosis (TB) remains an unresolved global health problem and vulnerable groups such as migrants remain the most affected with a higher risk of worse outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical features, outcomes, and adverse events in migrant and native Italian patients admitted to three Italian hospitals in Southern Italy in order to assess differences and targeted strategies.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study on TB patients admitted between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2021, in three Apulia hospitals. Two logistic regression models were used, with the dependent variables being (I) unsuccessful treatment (died, loss to follow-up, and failed treatment) and (II) adverse events.ResultsWe enrolled 543 consecutive patients admitted at three Italian hospitals with a diagnosis of TB during the study period, of them 323 (59.5%) were migrants and 220 Italian patients. The treatment success rate in the migrant group was 44.9% (137/305), while in the non-migrant group was 97.1% (203/209). Independent factors of unsuccess treatment (death, failure or loss to follow up) were: migrant status (O.R. = 11.31; 95% CI 9.72–14.23), being male (O.R. = 4.63; 95% CI 2.16–6.10), homelessness (O.R. = 3.23; 95% CI 2.58–4.54), having a MDR (Multidrug-resistant) (O.R = 6.44; 95% CI 4.74–8.23), diagnostic delay (O.R. = 3.55; 95% CI 1.98–5.67), and length of hospitalization (O.R. = 3.43; 95% CI 1.88–5.87). While, age &gt;65 ys (O.R. = 3.11; 95% CI 1.42–4.76), presence of extrapulmonary TB (O.R. = 1.51; 95% CI 1.31–2.18), monoresistance (O.R. = 1.45; 95% CI 1.25–3.14) and MDR pattern (O.R. = 2.44; 95% CI 1.74–5.03) resulted associated with adverse events.ConclusionMigrant population is at high risk of unsuccessful treatment (death, loss to follow-up, and treatment failure). Policies targeted specifically to this group are needed to really impact and improve their health status and also to contain the TB burden.
Global burden of lower respiratory infections during the last three decades
Authors: Safiri Saeid , Mahmoodpoor Ata , Kolahi Ali-Asghar , Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria , Sullman Mark J. M. , Mansournia Mohammad Ali , Ansarin Khalil , Collins Gary S. , Kaufman Jay S. , Abdollahi Morteza 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundLower respiratory infections (LRIs) cause a substantial mortality, morbidity and economic burden. The present study reported the global, regional and national burden of LRIs and their attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, between 1990 and 2019, by age, sex, etiology, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI).MethodsUsing publicly available data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019, we reported the incidence, deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), due to LRIs. Estimates were presented as counts and age-standardized rates per 100,000 population with their associated uncertainty intervals (UIs).ResultsGlobally, in 2019 there were 488.9 million (95% UI: 457.6 to 522.6) incident cases and 2.4 million (2.3–2.7) deaths due to LRIs. The global age-standardized incidence and death rates for LRIs were 6,295 (5,887.4–6,737.3) and 34.3 (31.1–37.9) per 100,000 in 2019, which represents a 23.9% (22.5–25.4) and 48.5% (42.9–54.0) decrease, respectively since 1990. In 2019, Guinea [12,390.4 (11,495.5–13,332.8)], Chad [12,208.1 (11,289.3–13,202.5)] and India [11,862.1 (11,087.0–12,749.0)] had the three highest age-standardized incidence rates of LRI. Equatorial Guinea [−52.7% (95% UI: −55.8 to −49.3)], Chile [−50.2% (95% UI: −53.4 to −47.0)] and Albania [−48.6% (95% UI: −51.7 to −45.3)] showed the largest decreases from 1990 to 2019. In 2019, a decrease in the incidence rate of LRI was observed at the global level up to the 25–29 age group, then the incidence rates increased with age. The burden of LRIs decreased with increasing SDI at both the regional and national levels. Globally, child wasting (33.1%), household air pollution from solid fuels (24.9%) and a lack of access to handwashing facilities (14.4%) made the largest contributions to the LRI burden in 2019.ConclusionsAlthough the burden of LRIs decreased over the period 1990–2019, LRIs still contribute to a large number of incident cases, deaths and DALYs. Preventative programs with a focus on reducing exposure to attributable risk factors should be implemented, especially in less developed countries.