bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Production, Increasing Reserves and Resources; Reviving the Potential of Field A in the Niger Delta Basin
Authors: Dada Y. N. , Zen F. A. , Aina S. , Vincent P. , Ogofa M. , Adowei E. , Toumelin E. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Field A is a shallow offshore field, located in the Niger Delta Basin. It is a 2-well field which has an Original Oil In Place (OOIP) of 41 MMSTBO, Estimated Ultimate Recovery of 15.9 MMSTBO, cumulative production of about 50 percent of the EUR. Due to recent suboptimal production from a single completion, a redevelopment effort was thereby initiated, aimed at production optimization, improving the robustness of the new drill opportunity queue for the ongoing new drill development campaign, while increasing resources and reserves by leveraging more recent technology for re-evaluating previously underestimated reservoirs in the field. A detailed Reservoir Characterization (RC) and static modelling efforts concluded for 2 prioritized reservoirs indicated a base case estimate of Current Oil In Place (COIP) of 10.0 MMBO and 11.3 MMBO for reservoirs A and B. A non-rig workover (NRWO) and 2 new drills were identified with potential Estimated Ultimate Recovery of about 6.67 MMBO. A pilot well from one of the proposed new drills is aimed at proving up additional up-dip reserves in stacked reservoir intervals.
Flat spots, amplitude conformance and structural highs in untested areas present additional resource potential for the field. Early turnover of geophysical results helped in identifying key seismic angle stack to use for interpretation and amplitude analysis. Structural uncertainty away from well control, canyon edge definition in the up-dip limits of the deeper reservoirs, fluid type identification, are key uncertainties and challenges highlighted during this effort. A best practice employed in achieving timely project milestones was by using an iterative workflow approach between the project team members.
Reservoir Shear Failure Analysis: A Produced Water Disposal Case Study
Authors: Imorame. J Imonitie , Obakhena Femi , Iyowu Olakunle , Arogun Olubunmi , Amuboh Okiemute , Maxwell-Amgbaduba Sunday 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Injection of water, gas, or steam, into subsurface reservoirs causes an increase in the reservoir pore pressure, with a corresponding impact on the in-situ reservoir stress state. This can lead to tensile fracturing, shear failure or a combination of complex failure mechanisms, depending on factors such as rock mechanical strength, elastic properties, pore pressure & magnitude of total stresses. Reservoir shear failure due to water injection/disposal can result in faulting or fault re-activation, which may present a containment risk if propagated into the caprock or under burden. A robust assessment of shear failure is usually challenged due to limited or unavailable geomechanical core measurements that fully assess lifecycle impact of stress and pressure changes.
This paper demonstrates a deterministic and probabilistic methodology in the assessment of formation shear failure due to water disposal, that manages the uncertainty and constraints posed by limited geomechanical data. This approach employs the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion in evaluating the tendency for shear failure in two water-bearing reservoirs A1 and A2, identified as Produced Water Disposal/Re-injection reservoirs in X-field, a brown field Onshore Nigeria. It integrates offset LOT data, log data, formation pressure data and empirical relationships between geomechanical and petrophysical rock properties, to establish rock strength parameters, the associated uncertainties, and combining them probabilistically through Monte Carlo simulation to determine the probability of shear failure in reservoirs selected for produced water disposal.
Results indicated the key uncertain parameters impacting this assessment and also showed minimal probability of shear failure in both reservoirs; however, recommendations were provided to maintain a safe operating window and why an integrated approach to optimization is key to success.
Estimation and Sizing Analysis of Renewable Energy System
Authors: Inuwa Haruna Muhd , Abubakar Auwal Sani 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The primary research objective of this study is to estimate and size a renewable energy system, focusing on a residential building in one of the 36 states of Nigeria. A comparative analysis is employed to assess the estimation, sizing, and cost-benefit analysis of an integrated renewable energy system for the XX residential building in Kano, Nigeria, in comparison to uneconomical electricity tariffs. Kano, a rapidly developing city and commercial hub, has the largest population in northern Nigeria, with over 15 million residents. The data used in this study, including market information and item costs, were obtained from an e-commerce trading company and renewable energy experts with research and field experience.
This research opens doors to identify the costs associated with installing solar energy systems in homes, thereby creating opportunities for oceanic growth. The study systematically enhances social productivity by providing uninterrupted backup power from an integrated renewable energy system. Economically, as discussed in the analysis, the costs of solar installation and maintenance are lower than the annual expenses incurred through electricity tariffs. However, it is important to note limitations within this study, such as the variability of primary and secondary data sources based on location and the projected costs of items used in the estimation and sizing analysis, which may differ across countries. Additionally, the costs of solar installation in homes are influenced by the types of loads, necessitating a comprehensive system analysis of both critical and non-critical loads to assess the economic viability and benefits of adopting an integrated renewable energy system to address the energy crisis.
Simulation Study of the Effect of Various Water Alternating Gas Injection Schemes on Recovery in a Gas Condensate Reservoir
Authors: Jakada K. , Gimba A. S. B. , Okafor I. , Nzerem P. , Abdulfatah H. K. , Oluogun M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The volatile characteristics of gas condensate reservoirs in the phase envelope makes its temperature and pressure conditions between the critical and cricondentherm points very sensitive to perhaps only rely on one source of reservoir energy enhancement and puts enormous technical constraints on quality decision making on effective reservoir management. Non adequate oil production simulation performance interpretation for high, base and low case scenarios based on critical high quality input data is definitely the technical missing link which severely hampers effective design, development, planning, optimization and prediction of gas condensate reservoir performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the recovery performance of a rapidly declining reservoir flow rates of a gas condensate reservoir through the water alternating gas (WAG) injection technique using the Schlumberger Eclipse simulator. Five different case scenarios were used which include cases of no-injection wells (which is the control case), gas injection, water injection, water alternating gas (for 7, 5, and 3-spot patterns) and flow rate alterations with a seven spot pattern-WAG technique. A total of 13 simulation runs were done with one control and 12 other runs with high, base and low cases. The sensitized water and gas injection rates used ranges from 12,000STB/day to 2,000STB/day and 12,000MSCF/day to 1,000MSCF/day. All results showed increase in oil flow rates with appreciable pressure response and subsequently, the viable option would be to consider in the short term water and gas injection before considering the more holistic WAG techniques in the long term. This is due to the current economic and technical constraints to boost the viability of the best choice of action. The results of these comprehensive simulation runs is a viable data bank needed for critical decision making for improved recovery from this rapidly declining condensate reservoir.
Analysis of Hydrocarbon Allocation Techniques for Natural Gas Plant Outputs
Authors: Kanshio S. , Lekia P. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Hydrocarbon commingling and the utilization of shared production and processing facilities are common practices in the oil and gas industry, serving as economic methods for field development and cost-effective gas monetization. However, the complexity of hydrocarbon commingling presents challenges in achieving accurate, traceable, and equitable allocation. This study explores patented methods, such as the differential and phase behavior model approaches, as well as established techniques like simple proportional and process modeling. Additionally, the newly developed compositional mass balance allocation method is investigated and compared against the benchmarked Unisim Utility Method.
The findings indicate that the phase behavior method exhibits larger allocation deviations, while the differential method tends to over-allocate. The plain allocation method demonstrates a reasonable alignment with the Unisim Utility Method. However, the compositional mass balance method offers precise allocation. This research concludes that the compositional mass balance method serves as a dependable approach for natural gas plant allocation, warranting further consideration as a reference method within the industry.
Evaluation of the Profitability of Marginal Field Investment Using the Fiscal Provisions in the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) 2021
Authors: Danmadami Amina , Iyalla Ibiye , Oluyemi Gbenga , Ogolo Oghenerume , Andrawus Jesse 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The passage of the petroleum industry act (PIA) 2021 in Nigeria established a new era in the petroleum sector of the country. Before the passage of the PIA 2021, marginal fields were operating using a separate fiscal arrangement that gave them special consideration. But the passage of the PIA 2021, made them operate like other fields depending on the terrain. The fiscal arrangement that governs marginal field investments is embedded in the PIA 2021. It offers marginal field operators dynamic fiscal terms that may increase their chances of survival during periods of low oil prices. This research considered the evaluation of the profitability of marginal field investments in Nigeria using the fiscal provisions in the PIA 2021. Investment in a typical marginal field in Nigeria was modeled using Excel. The fiscal terms in the PIA 2021 for marginal field investments were embedded into the economic model. The profitability of the marginal field investment was evaluated using profitability indicators such as net cash flow, net present value, government take, and internal rate of return. When the oil price was $80/bbl, the contractor's take was higher than the host government take. The contractor's and host government take when the oil price was $80/bbl were 52.40% and 47.60% respectively. While the contractor's and host government NCF when the oil price was $80/bbl were $247.52 MM and $224.816 MM respectively. This shows that the fiscal provisions for marginal field investment in the PIA 2021 are very attractive compared to other fiscal regimes in Nigeria.
Evaluation of the Ionic Liquid, 1-Butyl-1-Methylpyrrolidinium Bis(Trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, as a Sustainable Material for Modern Energy Devices
Authors: Kareem M. O. , Amusa H. K. , Nashef E. M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Sustainable materials are those which satisfy the three sustainability criteria of being environmentally safe, profitable, and acceptable to society. Within a circular economy such material's societal acceptability is linked to the wider and long-term implications of its production and its durable usability, along with the assurance that it does not leave negative environmental footprints. 1-butyl-1-methyl pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (abbreviated as BMPI) is an ionic liquid (IL), with minimal negative environmental impacts that is applied in different components of energy devices like batteries. Like other ionic liquids (ILs) it is non-volatile and non-flammable. It is additionally non-toxic and not too viscous within practical operating conditions, making it safe and suitable for use in batteries. Such batteries constitute crucial parts of renewable energy systems where they are useful for energy storage, thus enabling a practical alternative for diversifying from fossil energy sources. ILs like BMPI, comprising only ions while being in a liquid state, show superior conductivity and dielectric properties relevant for metal-ion batteries, redox-flow batteries, and even solid-state batteries. The performance of BMPI, as well as the economic viability of its utilization, is assessed by analyzing its performance in different battery systems, including "membraneless" systems, wherein it constitutes an active part of components such as capacitors, electrolytes, and ion-exchange membranes. A focused analysis of its usability and potential acceptability in the energy industry of Nigeria among others in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) is further presented, providing a holistic evaluation of the potential sustainability of BMPI and similar ionic liquids as components of energy devices in a circular economy.
Internet of Things Technology for Photovoltaic Smart Sprinkler Systems and Its Analysis
Authors: Chinonyelum Ejimuda , Kingsley Okoli , Lilian Uzodiagu , Juliet Olusola 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The advancement of technology has brought about ease of life with the help of technology automation which can be applied virtually in all aspects of living. With the emergence of internet of things, prototyping real state systems has become less expensive and easy to embark on thus creating platforms for development in the oil & gas sector. This research aims to analyze, design, and develop an effortless system powered via solar energy for the control of a sprinkler system and liquid flow void of human intervention. The system was programmed using an Arduino board and other hardware at an adjustable set time with Arduino software. The research is geared at reducing human efforts in irrigation systems, to save cost and time in sprinkling liquid on any system. The use of some weather parameters like humidity, temperature, and moisture sensors; Arduino kits and GSM module constitutes the smart irrigation system setup. The system is automated to feed the necessary quantity of liquid to any given surface based on design parameters with the moisture sensor programmed within 0 to 1023 (0-100%) range. The system adapted a method of pump-start at 40% moisture reading. Various analysis of the research findings has been presented in the work with applicability in remote areas and oil fields void of human intervention.
Lessons Learnt on the Transformation of a Deepwater Projects' Organization for Stellar Performance
Authors: Mustapha Adetoun , Amuda Daniel , Ajayi Olusayo , Anyankpele Diepreye , Otubanjo Babafemi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Executing oil and gas projects in water depths greater than 500m can pose a lot of challenges, from safety to cost. Asides the inherent challenges faced in execution of deepwater projects, the oil and gas industry has experienced a lot of volatility in the last few years resulting from the need to address climate change and transition to low carbon future, COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine and supply chain disruptions. To be competitive and thrive in a changing world, the deepwater project organizations evolved and took on new challenges.
The Shell Nigeria Deepwater Projects organization (DWP) therefore embarked on a transformation journey in 2020, aimed at becoming a resilient organization that consistently delivers safe, globally competitive and affordable assets. The transformation entails strategy re-shape, culture and behavioral changes, people development and process improvements across the organization. The program was defined in phases from point A to point C, using external benchmark to set bold targets and inspire commitment to improve cost, schedule performance and become a centre of excellence for project delivery.
The DWP transformation journey revealed key steps that should be taken, structures and enablers that will ensure a transformational change, how to measure and track the benefits of the transformation. This paper discusses the lessons learnt to achieve major performance improvements in DWP delivery and highlights how to ensure that everyone in an organization buys into a business transformation programme, where employees have clarity on how they fit in and how leadership commitment plays an important role in sustaining the gains.
SCR Fatigue Mitigation Options for Life Extension
Authors: Wemimo Oluwasegun , Osadebe Olisaemeka , Amuda Daniel , Bhat Shankar , Ugbelase John 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Steel Catenary Risers (SCRs) are typically designed to meet requirement for the field life. However, with a possibility for an opportunity for life extension (LE), a remaining life reassessment (RLA) is necessary to be carried out to explore options to extend the life within the SCR integrity framework requirements. It is noted that replacing the whole or specific portion of length of the SCR is not considered as an economically and practically viable option. Several SCR fatigue damage reduction options have been explored for life extension considerations in the industry and the practicality of implementing them to specific field leads to only few choices due to the complexities involved in executing these options. The complexities arise in the execution as the fatigue damage reduction options will require careful re-assessment of floating system performance that includes floater motion, global riser behavior, and mooring system performance.
This paper aims to present findings from the fatigue re-assessment as well as the thought process and needed considerations to selecting a mitigation option that is purpose-fit given the value drivers as well as constraints for a typical floater in West Africa deep-water. This is considering that within the West of Africa deep-water fields, this is the first time a practical approach is given to solve the fatigue life extension
The fatigue reassessment incorporates as-occurred data parameters that affect global system performance of the SCRs. The fatigue mitigation options considered are repositioning of floater, use of buoyancy modules at midsections of the SCR, and increase in Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV) strakes coverage length. Each of these considered options are analyzed with pros and cons of each option, reviewed to arrive at a purpose fit option.
This paper further gives practical insight to how oil and gas industry operators in the Gulf of Guinea region who are considering SCR life extension, can see to integrate methodological steps in seeking solutions to extending field life while maintaining asset integrity. It also highlights the impact of technology and digitalization on asset integrity management. This strategy provides affordability to create earnings from today's energy to fund the energy for future needs.
Performance of an SI Engine Operating on a Dual Gasoline and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Fuel
Authors: Archibong-Eso A. , Archibong-Eso E. U. , Enyia J. D. , Igbong D. I. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The economic growth of nations often coincides with an increase in energy consumption. As countries develop, their energy demand naturally rises. In Nigeria, this demand is primarily met with conventional fossil fuels, which have resulted in environmental degradation and greenhouse gas emissions. In response to the Paris Agreement of 2015, which seeks to limit global warming, many nations made pledges and commitments towards cleaner energy options to help mitigate climate change. This article presents experimental investigations conducted on a mini-internal combustion engine test bed commonly used for power generation in Nigeria. The test bed is a single-cylinder, two-stroke, single overhead camshaft (SOHC), 6.5 HP spark ignition (SI) gasoline engine, typically used as an off-grid backup power source for low- and middle-income households. The engine was slightly modified to run on dual liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and gasoline fuel using a dual-fuel carburetor. Our findings reveal that gasoline produced marginally better operational mean effective pressure (OMEP) of about 13.26 kPa and engine torque (and power), 49 RPM relative to LPG, with OMEP of 12.24 kPa and 45 RPM, respectively. LPG, on the other hand, outperformed gasoline in terms of engine efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and energy pricing. Despite the engine test bed being designed and optimized for gasoline fuel, LPG showed significant promise as a viable fuel in a gasoline SI engine.
Wellbore Strengthening: Palm Date Seeds for Mitigating Circulation Losses and Effect of Salinity on Clay Swelling
Authors: Mohamed Abdirahman H. , Sulaimon Aliyu , Jufar Shiferaw , Manickam Vijay , Adeyemi Bamikole 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Drilling through depleted and Deepwater formations are often challenging because of various wellbore instabilities such as weak zones, abnormally pressured, and/or highly swelling zones that could trigger severe circulation losses, blowouts, wellbore sloughing, enlargement, and stuck drill pipe. Considering the consequential expenses of non-productive time, it is essential to determine the root cause of wellbore instabilities, to initiate the appropriate mitigation measures. Therefore, this work was structured to review lost circulation and shale swelling challenges, mechanisms, and control strategies. Firstly, this research work has investigated palm date seeds (DS) as loss circulation and a bridging material. Processed palm seeds were sieved into various particle sizes and added in different mass and size ratios to the formulated oil-based mud. Sand-bed and HPHT filtration experiments were conducted to investigate the DS filtrate control potential. The filtrate loss and the mud cake thickness of the DS mud samples ranged between 4.2 ml to 4.8 ml and 1mm to 3mm, respectively. The conducted LCM comparative evaluations have shown that DS had the least filtrate control potential and the least competent mud cake. However, in the sand-bed experiment, DS LCM was able to withhold the mud in the sand column despite the high filtration depth. Secondly, this research work also investigated the effect of salinity on clay hydration. Therefore, using a viscometer to measure the yield point of a sample bentonite slurry, it was observed that (KCl + bentonite) had a 95% yield point reduction compared with (freshwater + bentonite).