bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Multi-physics Coupled Simulation of Small Helium-Xenon Cooled Mobile Nuclear Reactor
Authors: Li Xiangyue , Liu Xiaojing , Chai Xiang , Zhang Tengfei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor the prediction of the internal physical process of SIMONS (Small Innovative helium-xenon cooled MObile Nuclear power Systems), this research created a coupled three-dimensional high-fidelity calculation platform of the neutronics/ thermo-elasticity analysis called FEMAS (FEM based Multi-physics Analysis Software for Nuclear Reactor). This platform allows for the multi-physics coupling calculations of neutron diffusion/ transport, thermal diffusion, and thermal elasticity. It is based on the open-source Monte Carlo code OpenMC and the open-source finite element codes Dealii and Fenics. In this paper, a simplified SIMONS reactor core is analyzed using the coupling platform. The results demonstrate that the coupling platform is capable of accurately predicting the effective multiplication factor change curve, power and temperature distribution, and thermal expansion phenomenon of SIMONS. With 240 kW of thermal power, the local temperature difference of the whole reactor is 390.1 K, and thermal stress-related deformation occurs at a rate of 2.4%. The reactivity feedback caused by the monolith’s heating and thermal expansion is 30.5 pcm. Leveraging the high-precision computing hardware, this platform can assess the core performance to ensure that the core design satisfies the design criteria of ultra-long life and inherent safety.
S3R Advanced Training Simulator Core Model: Implementation and Validation
Authors: Borkowski Jeffrey , Belblidia Lotfi , Tsaoi Oliver 
Published: April 2023

AbstractModern training simulators core models are required to replicate plant data for neutronic response. Replication is required such that reactivity manipulation on the simulator properly trains the operator for reactivity manipulation at the plant. This paper discusses advanced models which perform this function in real-time using S3R, the real-time, time-dependent core model of the Studsvik Core Management System (CMS). This paper also discusses the coupled multi-physics of the Reactor Coolant System (RCS) model, using RELAP5 as a prototype. Finally, this paper discusses the implementation of S3R under the control of a server-based executive environment and instructor station, essential for training simulator applications.
Analytical Method to Study the Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Containment for Floating Nuclear Power Plants Considering Wave Loads
Authors: Mu Shuo , Li Lijuan , Zhang Meng , Liu Hongbing , Qu Xianqiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn floating nuclear power plant (FNPP), important equipment such as nuclear pressure vessel, pressure pipeline and pressurizer are installed in the containment, which is the last safety barrier of the reactor primary circuit of FNPP. The ultimate bearing capacity of containment is one of the important safety indexes of FNPP. In this study, considering the wave load, internal pressure load and their corresponding combination conditions in the sea area of FNPP, the overall finite element model of FNPP and the local finite element model of containment are established by using ANSYS software. The ultimate bearing capacity of containment structure is analyzed by nonlinear method. The ultimate internal pressure that the containment can bear is analyzed based on the wave load. Two methods are used to analyze the ultimate internal pressure that the containment can withstand. One is direct analysis method to directly carry out nonlinear analysis of the whole ship model. The other, called indirect analysis method, first makes a linear analysis of the whole ship model to calculate the input load transmitted from the marine environment to the containment through the containment support, and then uses the nonlinear method to analyze the ultimate internal pressure that the containment can withstand. The analysis results of the above two methods show that the ultimate bearing capacity of the containment is basically consistent, while the efficiency of the indirect analysis method is higher. In addition, the ultimate bearing capacity of the containment is far beyond the design requirements considering the wave load.
Experimental Study on the Intrusion/Erosion Behavior of GMZ Bentonite Considering Fracture Aperture Effects
Authors: Xu Libo , Ye Weimin , Wang Qiong , Luo Hewen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntrusion/erosion will cause mass loss of bentonite, resulting in endangering the operation safety of the repository for disposal of high-level radioactive waste. In this work, intrusion/erosion tests were conducted on GMZ bentonite specimens with a fracture aperture of 0.1, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 mm, as well as a duration of 60 days. Images were regularly captured with a digital camera. The intrusion distance and width of accessory-mineral ring were obtained. The erosion rate was determined by a turbidimeter. Meanwhile, parallel tests with a fracture aperture of 0.5 and 1.0 mm were repeated with a duration of 5, 15 and 30 days. After tests stopped, dry weight of specimens was measured. Results show that the intrusion distance increased with increasing fracture apertures, resulting in the increase of accessory-mineral-ring width, which will in turn restrict intrusion and erosion. Actually, the erosion rate in the early period decreased obviously with increasing accessory-mineral-ring widths, due to its filtration effects. However, when erosion reached stabilization, the erosion rate increased with increasing fracture apertures and intrusion distances but not independent of the accessory-mineral ring. The majority part of specimen mass loss ratio in the early period was from intrusion. But when intrusion reached stabilization, the mass loss ratio of specimen will be mainly contributed by erosion and would keep on increasing. Moreover, the mass loss ratios of specimens after 60 days by intrusion and erosion both increased with increasing fracture apertures. Meanwhile, the difference between the mass loss ratio by intrusion and erosion increased with increasing fracture apertures.
Research on Ultra High Flux Research Reactor
Authors: Zhang Xue , Yu Hongxing , Xia Bangyang , Li Wenjie , Zhang Xilin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe lack of fast neutron irradiation test equipment is a key practical factor that restricts the development of the new generation nuclear energy technology with fast reactor as the core in China. Scarce isotopes such as californium 242, which are urgently needed in industry and medicine, are also highly dependent on imports. In order to provide a fast reactor material irradiation environment and isotope production environment, significantly accelerate the development of fast reactor fuel and structural material technology, and improve the efficiency of rare isotope production, this paper proposes a multifunctional inherently safe ultra-high flux reactor design with fast/thermal neutron flux levels up to 1016 n/(cm2.s), namely UFR-1016. The neutron energy spectrum covers fast spectrum, superheat spectrum and thermal spectrum; several material irradiation test orifices, isotope production orifices and test loop orifices are arranged in the core, and the test loop supports many new reactor coolants such as H2O, Na, He, He-Xr, molten salt, etc., and supports the simulation of typical transient processes and accident conditions. This paper discusses the overall construction scheme of the reactor, and the current construction scheme shows that each performance index can meet the target requirements and achieve the expected functions while ensuring the safety performance of the reactor. This study can provide a basis for the development of ultra-high flux reactors and provide strong support for the cause of nuclear energy, nuclear technology, and nuclear medicine in China.
Multi-physics Coupling Analyses of Nuclear Thermal Propulsion Reactor
Authors: Han Wenbin , Guan Zechuan , Huang Shanfang , Deng Jian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNuclear thermal propulsion (NTP) reactors have high-temperature solid-state characteristics and significant thermal expansion, which therefore require multi-physics coupling analyses. In this paper, the framework of Neutronics, Thermal-Hydraulics and Mechanics coupling (N/T-H/M) of nuclear thermal propulsion reactor is developed, and the typical reactor XE-2 is analyzed with this method. The results show that the N/T-H/M coupling will bring -1049 pcm negative reactivity, of which the thermal expansion effect accounts for 22%, indicating that the nuclear thermal propulsion reactor has a certain capacity for self-regulation. However, thermal expansion will lead to 0.88 mm peak deformation and 233 MPa peak stress, which will severely threaten the mechanical tolerance of the materials. Therefore, there is a trade-off between the advantages and disadvantages of the high-temperature solid-state core while designing NTP reactors.
Fatigue Analysis Method of Steel Containment of Floating Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Liu Mingxuan , Fan Xinyang , Song Danrong , Zheng Bin , Zhang Meng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFloating nuclear power plant (FNPP) is a movable nuclear power plant built on the floating platform, which can provide clean and stable power for remote coastal areas, and are currently a hot research topic in the field of nuclear power. The steel containment is located in the reactor compartment of the FNPP and it is an important safety guarantee structure. Fatigue and fracture have been an important issue for ship and offshore structures for a long time. Fatigue failure of containment will have serious consequences.In order to research the fatigue life analysis method of steel containment of the first FNPP in China, the paper adopts miner linear cumulative damage theory and spectral analysis method, based on the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) standards and relevant standards of China Classification Society (CCS), and uses AQWA to analyze Wave load of FNPP. The hydrodynamic calculation results are imported into finite element model to analyze the structural response of each point of containment, and calibrate the transfer function data of each key point by using the linear system theory and regular wave periodic evaluation method. The fatigue analysis of each point is carried out according to the transfer function and the wave dispersion diagram drawn by the forty years monitoring sea conditions of the working sea area of the FNPP. The result shows that the fatigue life of steel containment is superior and meets the service requirements.
The Design of the Robust Controller for Active Magnetic Bearings on Active Disturbance Rejection Technology
Authors: Shi Qian , Yao Yichen , Yu Suyuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractActive magnetic bearings (AMBs) have advantages of no friction, no lubrication or sealing requirements, long lifespan, low maintenance cost, and, especially, active controllability of dynamic characteristics. Thus, AMBs are now widely used in helium-turbine circle of the high temperature gas-cooled reactor and many other high-speed rotating machinery. The design of controller is the core problem of AMBs. The AMB force has high nonlinearity and the AMBs-rotor system may be influenced by external disturbance during operation, which increase the threshold of the controller robustness and make it hard to design. Based on the AMB-rigid rotor system model, this paper adopts lumped uncertainties to describe nonlinear error and external load disturbance and then the plant model of the decentralized controller is obtained. Then, a linear active disturbance rejection controller (LADRC) is designed to compensate the model error. The LADRC contains a proportional-differential controller and a three-order external state observer. The adjustable parameters of the LADRC can be selected according to pole assignment. In order to verify the effectiveness of the LADRC, levitation experiments, rotation experiments, and re-levitation experiments are carried out with traditional PID controller as comparison.
Minimally invasive bilateral fixed angle locking fixation of the dorsal pelvic ring: clinical proof of concept and preliminary treatment results
Authors: Marintschev Ivan , Hofmann Gunther O. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Dorsal pelvic ring fractures may result from high energy trauma in younger patients or from osteoporosis as fragility fractures in elderly patients. To date, no strong consensus exists on the best surgical technique to treat posterior pelvic ring injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical performance of a new implant for angle-stable fixation of the posterior pelvic ring and patient outcome.

Methods
In a prospective pilot study, 27 patients (age: 39–87 years) with posterior pelvic ring fractures classified according to the AO classification (n = 5) or to the fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFP) classification (n = 22) were treated using the new implant. During a follow-up period of 1 year, surgical parameters of the implantation technique, complication rate, morbidity, mortality, preservation of patient mobility, and social independence were evaluated.

Results
No implant misplacement or failure was observed. Two patients developed symptomatic spinal canal stenosis at L4/L5 following mobilization. MRI diagnosis proved the implant was not responsible for the symptoms. In one case, an additional plate stabilization of a pubic ramus fracture was necessary 6 months later. There was no inpatient mortality. One patient died due to her underlying oncological disease within the first 3 months. The main outcome parameters were pain, mobility, preservation of independent living and employment.

Conclusion
Operative instrumentation of dorsal pelvic ring fractures should be stable enough to allow for immediate weight bearing. The new locking nail implant offers percutaneous reduction and fixation options and may decrease the generally observed rate of complications.

Trail registration
German Clinical Trials Register ID: DRKS00023797, date of registration: 07.12.2020.
Surgical Treatment at an Academic Medical Center is Associated with Statistically Insignificant Lung Cancer Survival Outcome Differences Related to ZIP Code
Authors: Wish Jack , Villena‐Vargas Jonathan , Harrison Sebron , Lee Ben , Chow Oliver , Port Jeffrey , Altorki Nasser , Stiles Brendon M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundLow socioeconomic status is a well‐characterized adverse prognostic factor in large lung cancer databases. However, such characterizations may be confounded as patients of lower socioeconomic status are more often treated at low‐volume, non‐academic centers. We evaluated whether socioeconomic status, as defined by ZIP code median income, was associated with differences in lung cancer resection outcomes within a high‐volume academic medical center.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing resection for non‐small cell lung cancer were identified from a prospectively maintained database (2011–18). Patients were assigned an income value based on the median income of their ZIP code as determined by census‐based geographic data. We stratified the population into income quintiles representative of SES and compared demographics (chi‐square), surgical outcomes, and survival (Kaplan–Meier).
ResultsWe identified 1,693 patients, representing 516 ZIP codes. Income quintiles were Q1: $24,421–53,151; Q2:$53,152–73,982; Q3:$73,983–99,063; Q4:$99,064–123,842; and Q5:$123,843–250,001. Compared to Q5 patients, Q1 patients were younger (median 69 vs. 73, p < 0.001), more likely male (44 vs. 36%, p = 0.035), and more likely Asian, Black, or self‐identified as other than white, Asian, or Black. (67 vs. 11%, p =  < 0.001). We found minor differences in surgical outcomes and no significant difference in 5‐year survival between Q1 and Q5 patients (5‐year: 86 vs. 85%, p = 0.886).ConclusionsSurgical care patterns at a high‐volume academic medical center are similar among patients from varying ZIP codes. Surgical treatment at such a center is associated with no survival differences based upon socioeconomic status as determined by ZIP code. Centralization of lung cancer surgical care to high‐volume centers may reduce socioeconomic outcome disparities.
Anti-CD20 antibodies and bendamustine attenuate humoral immunity to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Ishio Takashi , Tsukamoto Shihori , Yokoyama Emi , Izumiyama Koh , Saito Makoto , Muraki Haruna , Kobayashi Mirei , Mori Akio , Morioka Masanobu , Kondo Takeshi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSerologic responses of COVID-19 vaccine are impaired in patients with B-cell lymphoma, especially those who had recently been treated with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. However, it is still unclear whether those patients develop an immune response following vaccination. We investigated the efficacy of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in 171 patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) who received two doses of an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine and we compared the efficacy of vaccination to that in 166 healthy controls. Antibody titers were measured 3 months after administration of the second vaccine dose. Patients with B-NHL showed a significantly lower seroconversion rate and a lower median antibody titer than those in healthy controls. The antibody titers showed correlations with the period from the last anti-CD20 antibody treatment to vaccination, the period from the last bendamustine treatment to vaccination and serum IgM level. The serologic response rates and median antibody titers were significantly different between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients in whom anti-CD20 antibody treatment was completed within 9 months before vaccination and follicular lymphoma (FL) patients in whom anti-CD20 antibody treatment was completed within 15 months before vaccination. Moreover, the serologic response rates and median antibody titers were significantly different among FL patients in whom bendamustine treatment was completed within 33 months before vaccination. We demonstrated that B-NHL patients who were recently treated with anti-CD20 antibodies and bendamustine had a diminished humoral response to COVID-19 vaccination. UMIN 000,045,267.
Differences in the post-stroke innate immune response between young and old
Authors: Gallizioli Mattia , Arbaizar-Rovirosa Maria , Brea David , Planas Anna M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAging is associated to progressive changes impairing fundamental cellular and tissue functions, and the relationships amongst them through the vascular and immune systems. Aging factors are key to understanding the pathophysiology of stroke since they increase its risk and worsen its functional outcome. Most currently recognised hallmarks of aging are also involved in the cerebral responses to stroke. Notably, age-associated chronic low-grade inflammation is related to innate immune responses highlighted by induction of type-I interferon. The interferon program is prominent in microglia where it interrelates cell damage, danger signals, and phagocytosis with immunometabolic disturbances and inflammation. Microglia engulfment of damaged myelin and cell debris may overwhelm the cellular capacity for waste removal inducing intracellular lipid accumulation. Acute inflammation and interferon-stimulated gene expression are also typical features of acute stroke, where danger signal recognition by microglia trigger immunometabolic alterations underscored by lipid droplet biogenesis. Aging reduces the capacity to control these responses causing increased and persistent inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and impaired cellular waste disposal. In turn, chronic peripheral inflammation during aging induces immunosenescence further worsening stroke-induced immunodepression, thus increasing the risk of post-stroke infection. Aging also alters gut microbiota composition inducing dysbiosis. These changes are enhanced by age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and type-II diabetes, that further promote vascular aging, predispose to stroke, and exacerbate brain inflammation after stroke. Current advances in aging research suggest that some age-associated alterations may be reversed. Future work will unravel whether such evolving anti-aging research may enable designing strategies to improve stroke outcome in the elderly.
Offshore wave climate of the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Smith Courtney , Vila-Concejo Ana , Salles Tristan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is the largest coral reef system on earth, with ecological and scientific importance for the world and economic and iconic value for Australia. However, the characterisation of its offshore wave climate remains challenging because of its remoteness and large dimensions. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the offshore wave climate of the GBR, unveiling the details of both modal conditions and extreme events. We used a calibrated satellite radar altimeter dataset (spanning from 1985 to 2018) to quantify wave climate, assess the influence of climate drivers, and analyse the wave conditions generated by tropical cyclones at three main regions of the GBR (northern, central, and southern). Our results indicate average significant wave heights of 1.6 m, 1.5 m, and 1.7 m for the northern, central, and southern GBR, respectively. The modal wave climate exhibits substantial seasonality, particularly in the northern region with dry season wave heights up to twofold larger than during wet season. The northern and central wave climates show decreasing wave height and wave energy trends over the last 33 yrs, whilst the southern region remains stable. Consistent with prior studies, we found that the wave climate in the southern region is modulated by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the southern annular mode, with influence additionally extending to the central region. Analysis of the extreme waves generated by tropical cyclones revealed they generate large, long period waves, frequently above 7 m, resulting in wave power up to 32-fold higher than median conditions.
Dietary supplements and vascular function in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Authors: Man Andy W C , Zhou Yawen , Xia Ning , Li Huige 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHypertensive disorders of pregnancy are complications that can lead to maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are generally defined as hypertension and may be accompanied by other end organ damages including proteinuria, maternal organ disturbances including renal insufficiency, neurological complications, thrombocytopenia, impaired liver function, or uteroplacental dysfunction such as fetal growth restriction and stillbirth. Although the causes of these hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are multifactorial and elusive, they seem to share some common vascular-related mechanisms, including diseased spiral arteries, placental ischemia, and endothelial dysfunction. Recently, preeclampsia is being considered as a vascular disorder. Unfortunately, due to the complex etiology of preeclampsia and safety concerns on drug usage during pregnancy, there is still no effective pharmacological treatments available for preeclampsia yet. An emerging area of interest in this research field is the potential beneficial effects of dietary intervention on reducing the risk of preeclampsia. Recent studies have been focused on the association between deficiencies or excesses of some nutrients and complications during pregnancy, fetal growth and development, and later risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in the offspring. In this review, we discuss the involvement of placental vascular dysfunction in preeclampsia. We summarize the current understanding of the association between abnormal placentation and preeclampsia in a vascular perspective. Finally, we evaluate several studied dietary supplementations to prevent and reduce the risk of preeclampsia, targeting placental vascular development and function, leading to improved pregnancy and postnatal outcomes.