bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analysis of randomized controlled trials on anal fistula conducted between 2000 and 2020 based on the Fragility Index and Reverse Fragility Index
Authors: Placer‐Galán Carlos , Enriquez‐Navascués Jose María , Lopetegui Ane Etxart , Ansorena Yolanda Saralegui 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this work was to evaluate the robustness of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on anal fistula management using the news tools of Fragility Index (FI), Reverse Fragility Index (RFI) and their corresponding fragility quotients.MethodA systematic search was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis (PRISMA) guidelines which utilized MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases. Inclusion criteria included RCTs related to the management of anal fistula published from 2000 to 2022 with dichotomous outcomes measures and 1:1 allocation. Calculation of FI and RFI was performed by creating 2 × 2 contingency tables by successively changing one nonevent to an event for each outcome measure until the result was made nonsignificant or significant, respectively. The Fragility Quotients were calculated by dividing the FI or RFI by the total sample size. Fragile results were defined as those with a FI or RFI equal to or less than the number of patients lost to follow‐up. Additionally, those with a FI or RFI less than 3 were also considered fragile. Studies were considered extremely fragile if FI was ≤1 or FQ was ≤0.01.ResultsThere were 36 RCTs that met our criteria, with 3223 patients. Among these, 19 (53%) were positive RCTs (p < 0.005) and 17 (47%) were negative RCTs (p > 0.05). The median FI was 2 (0–5). The analysis by categorical subgroup showed a strong correlation between FI and the p‐value (p = 0.000) and the number of events (p = 0.011). The median RFI was 5 (3.5–9.5) and the subgroup analysis showed a strong correlation between RFI and the p‐value (p = 0.000), sample size (0.021) and number needed to treat/number needed to harm (0.000). We considered 63.2% of positive RCTs to be fragile and 35.3% of negative RCTs.ConclusionsIn the present study we demonstrated the lack of robustness of study findings in published RCTs in the field of anal fistula.
Suspected idiopathic vestibular syndrome in the horse: Eight cases (2014–2021)
Authors: Wilson Amie , Gonçalves Rita , Carslake Harry , Malalana Fernando 
Published: July 2023

SummaryA descriptive case series of the presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of eight horses presenting to a UK equine veterinary hospital with suspected idiopathic peripheral vestibular syndrome over a 7‐year period (2014–2021). Idiopathic vestibular syndrome in the horse causes unilateral clinical signs including; ataxia, nystagmus, strabismus and a head tilt. Diagnosis is aided by neurological examination, endoscopy of the upper airway and cross‐sectional imaging (i.e. magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography). This case series indicates that horses with this condition can make a full recovery with return to ridden exercise. Treatment with anti‐inflammatory medication did not appear to influence outcome.
Historical geographies of Japanese colonial urbanism
Authors: Xu Yiming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhile historical geographers contributed to colonial projects as surveyors, explorers and map‐makers, since the 1990s they have contributed to the critical analysis of the imaginary and material geographies of empire. However, as the only example of Asian‐led colonialism, the study of Japanese colonialism has not received anywhere near the same degree of scholarly attention as western colonialism, especially in the English‐speaking literature. This study summarizes the historical geographies on both Japanese colonialism and colonial cities in Japanese Empire, arguing the vulnerable status of Japanese colonial cities in postcolonial urbanism, and concludes with a discussion of the particularities of Japanese colonialism. It argues that there is plenty of space for geographical research in the Japanese colonial context. Japan's colonial cities have special characteristics and should receive more attention in post‐colonial urbanism as it in line with the urban scholar's call for ordinary cities in global south. It is hoped that this review can be a complete summary of relevant research and will provide useful references for future geographers to comparatively research Japanese colonialism.
Control of Structural Landform Evolution on Karst Groundwater Cycle in a Large‐Scale Anticlinorium
Authors: Fan Yu , Ji Huaisong , Lu Ruyang , Wan Junwei , Huang Kun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStructural landform evolution and hydrogeochemical analyses are crucial for understanding the characteristics of karst groundwater systems and the development of deep karst formed by complex aquifers in a tectonic collision zone. Detailed structural landform evolution analysis was carried out along the large‐scale anticlinorium to investigate the temporal evolution of karst aquifer systems and karstification. Results showed that the tectonic activity included weak horizontal compression and slow vertical uplift during the Triassic to Middle Jurassic, forming a denuded clastic platform. This period was mainly preserved in the geological record as burial karst. From the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous, the study area was strongly compressed by S–N‐trending stress, and developed E–W‐trending high‐angle imbricate thrust structures, which controlled the formation of folded and fault‐blocked mountains. Vertical multilayered strata underwent a strong horizontal extrusion, forming a large‐scale anticlinorium with secondary folds and faults. With the exposure of carbonate rocks due to rapid crustal uplift, karst began to develop, forming a vertical multilayer karst aquifer system and controlling the distribution of karst groundwater. The Fangxian faulted basin was formed from the Late Cretaceous to the Paleogene, whereby landforms were dominated by intermountain basins. Slow crustal uplift caused the retreat of the denudation line to the east, leading to an increase in hydrodynamic conditions and karstification, and the initiation of early karst groundwater systems. Since the Neogene, intermittent and rapid crustal uplift has led to the deepening of rivers, resulting in the formation of peak clusters and canyons, the development of deep karst, and the complete formation of karst groundwater systems. Combined with hydrogeochemical and borehole data, local, intermediate, and regional karst groundwater systems were identified. It has vital significance to the geological route selection or construction of deep‐buried tunnels and the utilization of karst groundwater.
Trends in biopolymer science applied to cosmetics
Authors: Mendoza‐Muñoz Néstor , Leyva‐Gómez Gerardo , Piñón‐Segundo Elizabeth , Zambrano‐Zaragoza María L. , Quintanar‐Guerrero David , Del Prado Audelo María Luisa , Urbán‐Morlán Zaida 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe term biopolymer refers to materials obtained by chemically modifying natural biological substances or producing them through biotechnological processes. They are biodegradable, biocompatible and non‐toxic. Due to these advantages, biopolymers have wide applications in conventional cosmetics and new trends and have emerged as essential ingredients that function as rheological modifiers, emulsifiers, film‐formers, moisturizers, hydrators, antimicrobials and, more recently, materials with metabolic activity on skin. Developing approaches that exploit these features is a challenge for formulating skin, hair and oral care products and dermatological formulations. This article presents an overview of the use of the principal biopolymers used in cosmetic formulations and describes their sources, recently derived structures, novel applications and safety aspects of the use of these molecules.
“Our study offers insight into…” Rhetorical promotion in English and Spanish conference abstracts
Authors: Martín Pedro , Burgess Sally 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe conference abstract (CA) is an important promotional academic genre that allows scholars to introduce their research to their peers as a conference presentation if the proposal is accepted by the reviewing gatekeepers. However, few studies have explored the CA in specific disciplines and no studies have examined this genre from an intercultural perspective. In this paper, we present a move‐step framework for the analysis of CAs and we examine comparatively the rhetorical structure of 80 CAs written in English and Spanish in the field of Applied Linguistics, with a special focus on those moves/steps that convey a promotional function. The results revealed that, to a great extent, the texts written in both languages present a high degree of similarity in terms of the frequency and distribution of most moves/steps, except for a significant difference reported in the frequency of occurrence of the step that states the implications of research findings, which appeared to be more prevalent in the English CAs. These findings may have relevant pedagogical implications for early career researchers and English as an Additional Language (EAL) scholars who seek to accommodate to the rhetorical conventions expected by the members of their specific national and international disciplinary communities.
Temperature dissimilarity drives flower–visitor interaction turnover across elevation in the Mexican Transition Zone
Authors: Luna Pedro , Villalobos Fabricio , Escobar Federico , Neves Frederico , Castillo‐Campos Gonzalo , Hinojosa‐Díaz Ismael , Cagnolo Luciano , del‐Val Ek , Leponce Maurice , Dáttilo Wesley 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimMost biodiversity studies have considered species to be isolated entities, neglecting the fact that their biotic interactions and spatial variation are fundamental to their persistence across elevational gradients. Here, using a standardized sampling methodology, we evaluated how and why the composition of flower–visitor interactions (i.e. beta diversity) varies over an extensive elevational gradient. Specifically, we aimed to identify which biotic (species turnover) and abiotic factors (temperature, precipitation and primary productivity) inherent to elevational gradients can explain the distribution of floral visitor–plant interactions.LocationMexican Transition Zone.TaxonAngiosperms, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera and Coleoptera.MethodsWe sampled ecological interactions between floral visitors and flowering plants at 10 sites along an elevational gradient from 4 to 3425 m.a.s.l. We measured the additive partitioning of the beta diversity of species interactions and used generalized dissimilarity modelling to assess how spatial and environmental factors can explain the observed dissimilarity.ResultsWe found that the composition of interactions between floral visitors and plant species differs from lowlands to highlands mainly due to differences in temperature across the studied elevation gradient, rather than geographical distance or other environmental factors (i.e. mean annual precipitation and net primary productivity). We also observed that the main component of the beta diversity of interactions was interaction turnover driven by the turnover of both plants and floral visitors along the elevation gradient studied, which may be influenced by both temperature and the biogeographical affinity of biotas.Main ConclusionsWe conclude that environmental filters play a crucial role in the establishment of novel interactions, as temperature can filter species and impact the behaviour and traits of floral visitors and plants across an elevational gradient. These findings underscore the importance of considering the role of abiotic factors in predicting and explaining the distribution of species interactions across different elevational gradients.
Pathogenic copy number variations are associated with foetal short femur length in a tertiary referral centre study
Authors: Cai Meiying , Que Yanting , Chen Meihuan , Zhang Min , Huang Hailong , Xu Liangpu , Lin Na 
Published: July 2023

AbstractShortened foetal femur length (FL) is a common abnormal phenotype that often causes anxiety in pregnant women, and standard clinical treatments remain unavailable. We investigated the clinical characteristics, genetic aetiology and obstetric pregnancy outcomes of foetuses with short FL and provided a reference for perinatal management of such cases. Chromosomal microarray analysis was used to analyse the copy number variations (CNV) in short FL foetuses. Of the 218 foetuses with short FL, 33 foetuses exhibited abnormal CNVs, including 19 with pathogenic CNVs and 14 with variations of uncertain clinical significance. Of the 19 foetuses with pathogenic CNVs, four had aneuploidy, 14 had deletions/duplications, and one had pathogenic uniparental diploidy. The 7q11.23 microdeletion was detected in three foetuses. The severity of short FL was not associated with the rate of pathogenic CNVs. The duration of short FL for the intrauterine ultrasound phenotype in foetuses carrying a pathogenic CNV was independent of the gestational age. Further, maternal age was not associated with the incidence of foetal pathogenic CNVs. Adverse pregnancy outcomes occurred in 77 cases, including termination of pregnancy in 63 cases, postnatal dwarfed foetuses with intellectual disability in 11 cases, and three deaths within 3 months of birth. Pathogenic CNVs closely related to foetal short FL were identified, among which the 7q11.23 microdeletion was highly associated with short FL development. This study provides a reference for the perinatal management of foetuses with short FL.
Effect of financial incentives onhospital‐cardiologistintegration and cardiac test location
Authors: Ye Yuan Andy , Black Bernard , Viragh Timea , Magid David J. , Luo Qian , Moghtaderi Ali 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStarting around 2006, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) progressively reduced Medicare Fee‐for‐Service (M‐FFS) payments for the principal noninvasive cardiac tests, when performed in a cardiologist office (Office), yet kept payments flat to increasing for the same tests, performed in the hospital‐based outpatient (HBO) setting. This produced a growing gap between HBO and Office payments for the same tests, and thus an incentive for hospitals to acquire cardiology practices in order to move cardiac tests to the HBO location and capture the HBO/Office payment differential. We use difference‐in‐differences analysis, in which we compare national M‐FFS trends in cardiac test location to those for a control group of several large, integrated Medicare Advantage (M‐Adv) health systems over 2005–2015, which were not affected by these reimbursement changes, and provide evidence that these reimbursement changes led to a large shift in testing from Office to HBO. This shift was concurrent with a sharp rise in hospital‐cardiologist integration. The rise in integration and the proportion of testing in HBO varied greatly across states. Independent practice remains viable in very large states, but is endangered in many states, and is all but extinct in a growing number of states.
Evaluating nanopore sequencing for microbial community characterization in catfish pond water
Authors: Older Caitlin E. , Richardson Bradley M. , Wood Monica , Waldbieser Geoffrey C. , Ware Cynthia , Griffin Matt J. , Ott Brian D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the United States, catfish are primarily farmed in earthen ponds, resulting in an aquatic environment influenced both by management practices and natural ecological processes. Profiling pond water microbiota can be useful for understanding what conditions may lead to microbial communities associated with production issues and could inform management practices. The aim of this study was to identify appropriate methods for bacterial community profiling of catfish pond water with nanopore sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. To this end, two forward primers, two reverse primers, and three different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cycle numbers were tested on a mock community consisting of aquaculture‐relevant bacteria. The optimized protocol was applied to water samples obtained from three experimental catfish ponds sampled in May, June, August, and September 2020. Applying these methods to pond samples allowed for the identification of 1488 genera, primarily within four dominating phyla: Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Cyanobacteria, and Firmicutes. High variation was observed between individual ponds and sampling timepoints; only 18 of the 1488 genera were found in relative abundances ≥1% in all ponds from at least one sampling point. Despite this variation, consistent results could be observed. Samples obtained from the month of September had the highest number of observed genera, and samples from June had the lowest. Overall, these data demonstrated individual ponds represent distinct microcosms composed of unique bacterial communities, although this pond effect was secondary to the influence of sampling month on pond community composition.
Path of fear: Experiences of health professionals in the fight against COVID‐19
Authors: Ramos Flávia Regina S. , da Silva Denise Maria Guerreiro V. , Lima Kássia Janara V. , Monteiro Wagner Ferreira , Sachett Jaqueline de A. G. , Monteiro Wuelton , Ferreira Darlisom Sousa , de Andrade Lucas Lorran C. , Tavares Igor Castro 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to understand the expressions of fear in the journeys of health professionals who worked in the confrontation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), in the city of Manaus, in the Brazilian Western Amazon. This is an exploratory qualitative study that adopts interpretive description as a method to generate informed knowledge responsive to the needs of the practice. We included 56 participants, comprising 23 health managers and 33 health workers (middle and higher level) of different professional categories. The results revealed three circles of experience: (1) knowledge and professional experience in dealing with the disease (unknown–known–experienced); (2) the growing proximity to death and loss (predicted–witnessed–suffered); and (3) the involvement and proximity to whatever affects the individual, their emotions, and personal transformations in the face of the threat (the collective, the neighbor, and oneself). Our results suggest that health professionals who worked during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Manaus experienced insecurity, dread, and fear, illustrating the complexity of developing their activities in the front line of care and management during the different phases of the pandemic. A contribution of the study is precisely that of capturing this complexity, which suggests the impossibility of analyzing fear only in its simple manifestation, or in each circle of experience.
The burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in states of the European Union and United Kingdom at the national and subnational levels: A systematic review
Authors: Soares Andrade Carlos Alexandre , Shahin Balqees , Dede Onisoyonivosekume , Akpeji Anne Omagu , Ajene Comfort‐Lucia , Albano Israel Frederico Epalanga , Varga Orsolya 
Published: July 2023

SummaryType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide, with an equally increased expenditure associated with it. We aimed to longitudinally evaluate the epidemiologic and economic burden of T2D in the current member states of the European Union and the United Kingdom (EU‐28). The present systematic review is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020219894), and it followed the PRISMA guidelines. Eligibility criteria comprised original observational studies in English reporting economic and epidemiological data for T2D in member states of the EU‐28. Methodological assessment was performed with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools. The search retrieved 2253 titles and abstracts. After study selection, 41 studies were included in the epidemiologic analysis and 25 in the economic analysis. Economic and epidemiologic studies covered only 15 member states with reported data between 1970 and 2017, resulting in an incomplete picture. For children in particular, limited information is available. The prevalence, incidence, mortality, and expenditure of the T2D population have increased across the decades in member states. Therefore, policies should aim to prevent or reduce the burden of T2D in the EU and consequently mitigate the expenditure on T2D.
Comparison between absorbable dressing (Reso‐Pac®) and eugenol‐free dressing (Coe‐pak) after surgical removal of gingival pigmentation
Authors: Kazwini Rudwan , Kasem Tarek 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveMany dressings are used after the surgical removal of gingival pigmentation. This study aims to compare absorbed dressing (Reso‐Pac®) and eugenol‐free dressing (Coe‐pak) in accelerating wound healing, re‐epithelization and reducing pain after surgical removal of gingival pigmentation using a surgical scalpel.Materials and MethodsThis randomized clinical trial (RCT) used a split‐mouth design. According to Hedin's classification, 10 patients with maxillary physiological gingival pigmentation class 3 and 4 were selected. Reso‐Pac® and Coe‐pak were randomly applied on each side after surgery. Landry's scale was used to assess healing index, and re‐epithelization was evaluated using toluidine blue stain. Pain was measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Induced pain was evaluated after 1 week by applying airflow on each side for 5 s using VAS.ResultsThe study group had higher but insignificant differences after 1 and 2 weeks in healing index and re‐epithelization. Pain was insignificantly higher in study group after 2 h but insignificantly higher in the control group in days (1–5). Induced pain was significantly higher (p = 0.015) in the control group after 1 week.ConclusionReso‐Pac® can be considered as a viable alternative for Coe‐pak due to its effects in pain reduction and accelerating wound healing.
Paced P‐wave morphology templates to guide atrial tachycardia localization: A derivation and validation study
Authors: Damaty Ahmed El , Yahya Dhaifallah , El‐Mowafy Mahmoud , Rizk Hussien , Sapp John , Parkash Ratika , Gardner Martin , Gray Chris , AbdelWahab Amir 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundSurface ECG is a useful tool to guide mapping of focal atrial tachycardia (AT).ObjectivesWe aimed to construct 12‐lead ECG templates for P‐wave morphology (PWM) during endocardial pacing from different sites in both atria in patients with no apparent structural heart disease (derivation cohort), with the goal of creating a localization algorithm, which could subsequently be validated in a cohort of patients undergoing catheter ablation of focal AT (validation cohort).MethodsWe prospectively enrolled consecutive patients who underwent electrophysiology study, had no structural heart disease and no atrial enlargement. Atrial pacing, at twice diastolic threshold, was carried out at different anatomical sites in both atria. Paced PWM and duration were assessed. An algorithm was generated from the constructed templates of each pacing site. The algorithm was applied on a retrospective series of successfully ablated AT patients. Overall and site‐specific accuracy were determined.ResultsDerivation cohort included 65 patients (25 men, age 37 ± 13 years). Atrial pacing was performed in 1025 sites in 61 patients (95%) in RA and in 15 patients (23%) in LA. The validation cohort included 71 patients (28 men, age 52 ± 19 years). AT were right atrial in 66.2%. The algorithm successfully predicted AT origin in 91.5% of patients (100% in LA and 87.2% in RA). It was off by one adjacent segment in the remaining 8.5%.ConclusionsA simple ECG algorithm based on paced PWM templates was highly accurate in localizing site of origin of focal AT in patients with structurally normal hearts.