bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the interconnectedness between physician burnout and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress: a network analysis among Chinese psychiatrists
Authors: Wang Song , Gu Mengyue , Zhang Shujing , Gu Jingyang , Shi Yudong , Yang Yating , Zhang Ling , Li Mengdie , Xia Lei , Jiang Feng , Liu Huanzhong , Tang Yi-lang 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased the levels of burnout and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among healthcare professionals. However, research on the interrelations between burnout and psychological symptoms is scarce, particularly among psychiatrists. This study addresses this gap in a national sample.MethodData was collected via an online survey conducted in Mainland China from January to March 2021 with a sample size of 3,783 participants. Psychological symptoms were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and physician burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey (MBIHSS). Network analysis was used to examine the interconnection between physician burnout and psychological symptoms, with further analysis conducted on multiple levels, including individual symptoms in central positions or acting as bridges between clusters, and identifying core symptom combinations with significant correlations.ResultsStress emerged as the highest Expected Influence (EI) index, with emotional exhaustion in the burnout cluster being the singular bridge symptom. Furthermore, depressive symptoms such as hopelessness and anhedonia showed a strong and the most straightforward association with emotional exhaustion, while stress-related overreaction was closely associated with depersonalization.ConclusionNetwork analysis between burnout and psychological symptoms identified critical symptoms like stress and emotional exhaustion in Chinese psychiatrists. Close monitoring of these symptoms may be crucial for mitigating the risk of common psychological disturbances and preventing their exacerbation in this population.
A national cross-sectional study on latent profile analysis of occupational fatigue among Chinese nurses in the early post-COVID-19 era
Authors: He Qiuyang , Ren Jianhua , Wang Guoyu , Wang Yonghong 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundOccupational fatigue is a widespread condition within the nursing workforce, adversely affecting both nurses’ health and patient safety. The protracted duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, approaching 3 years, has exacerbated the challenges faced by nurses globally. The escalation in patient numbers and the high incidence of infections among healthcare workers have intensified occupational fatigue. This study seeks to explore the enduring impact of the pandemic on occupational fatigue among Chinese nurses through a latent profile analysis, and to identify the associated risk factors.MethodsA comprehensive survey was conducted involving 2,140 nurses from 186 hospitals across China during the initial phase of the post-COVID-19 era. The primary instruments utilized for data collection were the Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery Scale and the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire.ResultsThree distinct profiles of occupational fatigue were identified: a low fatigue/high recovery group (18.6%), a moderate fatigue/moderate recovery group (48.8%), and a high fatigue/low recovery group (32.6%). The vast majority of nurses reported experiencing moderate to high levels of occupational fatigue during the early stage of the post-coronavirus era. Significant predictors for membership in these fatigue profiles included marital status, possession of a master’s degree or higher, working over five night shifts per month, experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, and exhibiting higher scores in extrinsic effort and overcommitment.ConclusionChinese nurses exhibit a relatively high level of occupational fatigue in the early post-COVID-19 era, likely influenced by various socio-demographic and work-related factors. It is imperative to develop targeted interventions aimed at alleviating fatigue among specific groups of nurses to effectively address the challenges posed by occupational fatigue in the face of future public health disasters.
Disease burden of tuberculosis in China from 1990 to 2021 and its prediction to 2036
Authors: Sun Rong , Wang Liang , Xia Hongfang 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest infectious diseases and continues to be a major killer of human beings. This paper was designed to provide insights into the disease burden of TB.MethodsThe data was retrieved and downloaded from the latest GBD database. Joinpoint regression was done for the temporal trend analysis. The age-period-cohort model was introduced to get further insights into the independent effects of age, period, and cohort. The BAPC model was utilized to predict ASIR and ASMR from 2022 to 2036.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2021, the ASPR dropped from 31,446 (95% UI: 27,902 to 35,142) to 30,557 (95% UI: 27,693 to 33,531) per 100,000 people, and ASDALYR dropped from 719 (95% UI: 611, 837) to 76 (95% UI: 63, 94) per 100,000 people with an AAPC of −7.009 (95% CI: −7.219, −6.799). ASIR and ASMR decreased from 109 (95% UI: 95, 125) to 36 (95% UI: 33, 40) and from 20 (95% UI: 17, 24) to 2 (95% UI: 2, 3) per 100,000 people, respectively. Men had a higher TB burden than women. The age-period-cohort analysis showed the age effect represented significant fluctuations with a valley at age 5 for incidence rate, and a similar but relatively simple pattern for death rate. Period effect and cohort effect showed both incidence and mortality rates significantly decreased with advancing time points and more recent birth cohorts. At the current decline rate, the ASIR and ASMR would be 26.12 (95%CI: 15.75, 36.48) per 100,000 people and 1.13 (95%CI: 0.45, 1.81) per 100,000 people in 2030, respectively. And the ASIR would be 21.96 (95%CI: 6.14, 37.79) per 100,000 people in 2035.ConclusionTB burden in China has decreased significantly overall in the past years. However, it is still hard to achieve the national goal of “End TB” by 2035, which means more effective strategies for TB prevention and control are urgently needed. Effective strategies aimed at men should include increasing awareness of tuberculosis among both the general population and healthcare workers, promoting smoking cessation and alcohol reduction, enhancing disease screening and treatment access, and providing psychological support and care.
A comparative psychological evaluation of a robotic avatar in Dubai and Japan
Authors: Kamide Hiroko , Horikawa Yukiko , Sato Moe , Toyoda Atsushi , Sakai Kurima , Minato Takashi , Miyashita Takahiro , Ishiguro Hiroshi 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionThis study focused on the psychological evaluation of an avatar robot in two distinct regions, Dubai in the Middle East and Japan in the Far East. Dubai has experienced remarkable development in advanced technology, while Japan boasts a culture that embraces robotics. These regions are distinctively characterized by their respective relationships with robotics. In addition, the use of robots as avatars is anticipated to increase, and this research aimed to compare the psychological impressions of people from these regions when interacting with an avatar as opposed to a human.MethodsConsidering that avatars can be presented on screens or as physical robots, two methodologies were employed: a video presentation survey (Study 1, Dubai: n = 120, Japan: n = 120) and an experiment involving live interactions with a physical robot avatar (Study 2, Dubai: n = 28, Japan: n = 30).Results and discussionResults from the video presentations indicated that participants from Dubai experienced significantly lower levels of discomfort towards the avatar compared to their Japanese counterparts. In contrast, during live interactions, Japanese participants showed a notably positive evaluation towards a Japanese human operator. The findings suggest that screen-presented avatars may be more readily accepted in Dubai, while humans were generally preferred over avatars in terms of positive evaluations when physical robots were used as avatars. The study also discusses the implications of these findings for the appropriate tasks for avatars and the relationship between cultural backgrounds and avatar evaluations.
Correlation between management and leadership competencies and sustainability measures in Jordanian governmental hospitals: managers’ perception
Authors: Allari Rabia S. , Abu-Dames Mustafa 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionDeveloping a new model for the healthcare system that includes a set of management and leadership competencies is crucial to the improvement of productivity and sustainability of organizations.ObjectiveThis study aims to identify the management and leadership competencies and sustainability measures from the perspective of Jordanian managers in governmental hospitals.MethodsA descriptive correlational study design was utilized. A convenient sampling method was used to select managers in governmental hospitals in the Central region of Jordan. A self-administered questionnaire was conducted using the Management and Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ30) and the Sustainability in Healthcare Questionnaire (SHQ).ResultsThe total mean score of the management and leadership scale was 3.49. The highest-ranked items were “Speaking confidently and presenting to groups” and “Building trust and modeling integrity “. while the lowest-ranked items are “Thinking and managing globally” and “Creating and innovating.” The importance of sustainability measures is ranked as follows: social, environmental, and economic factors. There was a positive, statistically significant relationship between managers’ competencies and the importance of sustainability measures. The combined competencies can predict the application of sustainability measures.ConclusionThe sustainability factor that has been found exhibits components of environmental, economic, and social dimensions and this aligns well with the literature. Future hospital managers are today’s students, and the job they do will either positively or negatively affect their institutions whether governmental or private, and society. So, including core competencies of management and leadership that foster sustainable development in the curricula might be a significant step toward integrating sustainability in higher education, among other activities.
More than a communication disorder: inequities in the financial toxicity of post-stroke aphasia
Authors: Jacobs Molly , Ellis Charles 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionAphasia, a communication disorder often resulting from stroke, can have profound impacts on both health outcomes and financial wellbeing. While the physical and cognitive consequences of stroke are well documented, the financial strain, or “financial toxicity,” associated with managing chronic conditions like aphasia remains underexplored. Furthermore, financial toxicity is not experienced equally across racial and ethnic groups, with disparities driven by socioeconomic factors, access to healthcare, and structural inequities. This study compares the financial toxicity of people with aphasia (PWA) to those with stroke alone, examining differences across racial and ethnic groups to highlight disparities in economic burden.MethodsThis study utilized data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) collected between 2018 and 2021 to examine the financial toxicity of PWA compared to those with stroke only. Financial toxicity was assessed using self-reported income and wealth data from the MEPS. Individual-level income and wealth values were calculated from the self-reported financial data to quantify the financial burden. Fixed effects regression models were employed to account for unobserved individual heterogeneity, controlling for time-invariant characteristics. Interaction terms were included in the models to capture the differential financial impacts of aphasia on Black and Hispanic individuals, compared to other racial and ethnic groups. The analysis examined both within-group and between-group differences in financial toxicity, highlighting potential racial and ethnic disparities among those affected by aphasia.ResultsApproximately 18.71% (N = 281) of respondents who reported having a stroke also had aphasia. After controlling for demographic, health, and household characteristics, PWA had 21% lower income and 7% lower wealth compared to stroke survivors without aphasia. Aphasia had a disparate impact on the income (−29%) and wealth (−24%) of Black stroke survivors. These findings were consistent across different model specifications, highlighting the robustness of the results indicating racial inequity in the financial toxicity of post-stroke aphasia.ConclusionThis study showed the financial impact of post-stroke aphasia and the disparate burden among Black PWA. The findings highlight the need to address the financial ramifications of post-stroke morbidities such as aphasia among vulnerable populations.
Toxicity of standing milkvetch infected with Alternaria gansuense in white mice
Authors: Yang Bo , Nan Zhi Biao , Li Yan Zhong 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionStanding milkvetch (Astragalus adsurgens) is widely distributed in the wild in Eurasia and North America and has been bred for cultivated forage in China. Yellow stunt and root rot disease caused by Alternaria gansuense is the primary disease of standing milkvetch. A. gansuense promotes the production of swainsonine in the plant. This study aimed to determine the safety of standing milkvetch that is infected with A. gansuense as forage for animals.MethodsTwo-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) male white mice were fed a commercial mouse feed (CMF), healthy plant feed (HPF) and diseased plant feed (DPF) for 3 or 6 weeks. We observed histological changes in the liver and kidney tissues of the mice and measured their daily feed intake, daily water intake, body weight, feed utilization, organ coefficients, and activities of serum enzymes.ResultsThe results showed that the daily feed intake of the mice that were fed DPF and HPF was significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) than those fed CMF at 3 and 6 weeks. The highest increase was observed in the daily water intake of the mice fed HPF (p &lt; 0.05) followed by DPF and CMF. However, the mice fed DPF gained the least weight (p &lt; 0.05). There was a significantly higher percentage of liver weight to body weight of the mice fed DPF (p &lt; 0.05) than those fed HPF for 3 weeks and those fed CMF for 3 and 6 weeks. There were significantly higher levels of concentrations of alanine aminotransferase in the mice fed DPF and HPF than those fed CMF for 3 weeks (p &lt; 0.05) and 6 weeks (p &lt; 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the mice fed HPF than those fed DPF. There were significantly higher of lactate dehydrogenase concentration (p &lt; 0.001), while the blood urea nitrogen was lower in the mice fed DPF than those fed HPF and CMF at 3 weeks. There was a significantly higher percentage of numbers of lymphocytes in the blood of the mice fed DPF (p &lt; 0.05) than those fed HPF, but the percentages of monocytes and eosinophils were significantly lower. Comparatively, there were more apparent pathological changes in the liver and kidney tissues of the mice fed with DPF than in those fed with HPF.DiscussionThese findings indicate that standing milkvetch was toxic to white mice, and infection with A. gansuense increased its toxicity. Therefore, we conclude that standing milkvetch plants infected by A. gansuense must never be used as animal feed under any circumstances. Additionally, the amount of healthy standing milkvetch fed to animals should be appropriate, avoiding long-term or excessive feeding.
Developing and evaluating a health pack to support dog owners to manage the weight of their companion animals
Authors: Webb Thomas L. , Molina Jenifer , Sheridan Libby , du Plessis Hugues , Brown Joanna , Abraham Hannah , Morton Oliver , McKay Susan 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionObesity is a serious and prevalent problem in dogs. The causes are multifactorial, but owners play a key role and so this paper reports the development and evaluation of a health pack designed to help owners to manage the weight of their dogs.MethodThe pack was informed by previous research, behavior change theory (i.e., the COM-B model), and interviews with 12 veterinary professionals to identify challenges and potential solutions. Six workshops with a total of 28 dog owners provided feedback on the initial ideas. The pack included information on the importance of weight management, how to weigh and assess body condition score (BCS), a journal to track progress, an infographic illustrating the calorific value of treats, cards to help owners manage difficult situations, and a collar tag for the dog. The acceptability of the materials and potential outcomes were evaluated in a pre-registered pilot trial with a sample of 78 dog owners who were posted a health pack, 49 of whom completed a follow-up questionnaire.ResultsThe findings suggested that owners were willing to weigh their dog, found the pack acceptable, and there was preliminary evidence that the weight and BCS of dogs was lower at follow-up than at baseline.DiscussionThe findings illustrate the potential of a health pack for supporting dog owners and provide the basis for a larger RCT to formally evaluate effectiveness.
Optimization of the Antibacterial Activity of a Three-Component Essential Oil Mixture from Moroccan Thymus satureioides, Lavandula angustifolia, and Origanum majorana Using a Simplex–Centroid Design
Authors: Elbouzidi Amine , Taibi Mohamed , El Hachlafi Naoufal , Haddou Mounir , Jeddi Mohamed , Baraich Abdellah , Bougrine Saad , Mothana Ramzi A. , Hawwal Mohammed F. , Alobaid Waleed A. , Asehraou Abdeslam , El Guerrouj Bouchra , Mrabti Hanae Naceiri , Mesnard Francois , Addi Mohamed 
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The rise of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has become a global health crisis, necessitating the development of alternative antimicrobial strategies. This study aimed to optimize the antibacterial effects of essential oils (EOs) from Thymus satureioides, Lavandula angustifolia, and Origanum majorana, enhancing their efficacy through optimized mixtures. Methods: This study utilized a simplex–centroid design to optimize the mixture ratios of EOs for maximal antibacterial and antioxidant effectiveness. The chemical profiles of the EOs were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity was assessed against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests, while antioxidant activity was evaluated through DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) assays. Results: The optimized essential oil mixtures demonstrated potent antibacterial activity, with MIC values of 0.097% (v/v) for E. coli, 0.058% (v/v) for S. aureus, and 0.250% (v/v) for P. aeruginosa. The mixture ratios achieving these results included 76% T. satureioides, and 24% O. majorana for E. coli, and varying proportions for other strains. Additionally, L. angustifolia essential oil exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 84.36 µg/mL (DPPH), and 139.61 µg/mL (ABTS), surpassing both the other EOs and standard antioxidants like BHT and ascorbic acid in the ABTS assay. Conclusions: The study successfully demonstrates that optimized mixtures of EOs can serve as effective natural antibacterial agents. The findings highlight a novel approach to enhance the applications of essential oils, suggesting their potential use in food preservation and biopharmaceutical formulations. This optimization strategy offers a promising avenue to combat antibiotic resistance and enhance food safety using natural products.
Comparison of Sevoflurane Versus Ketamine for Induction of Anaesthesia in Children
Authors: Afia Rahna  , Kiran Ayesha  , Khan Javeriah , Sikander Rana Imran , Naheed Fatima  
Published: January 2025

Background and Objective: Induction of general anaesthesia in paediatric patients is a challenging task. Sevoflurane and ketamine both can be used for induction. The purpose of this study was to find out ideal induction agent in paediatric cases. We compared induction time, hemodynamic variation and oxygen saturation with ketamine and sevoflurane in paediatric patients undergoing different surgeries.
Methodology: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at Department of Anaesthesia Children Hospital, PIMS, Islamabad from December 2018 to May 2019. We enrolled a total of 130 paediatric patients of either gender with age 4-12 years, who were planned for surgery under general anaesthesia. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups for anaesthesia induction. Group S patients received 8% Sevoflurane given via face mask in 100% oxygen at FGF of 6L/min and group K patients received Ketamine 1 mg/kg body weight via intravenous route. Mean time of induction, heart rate response, mean arterial pressure (MAP) response and oxygen saturation after induction was measured at one and two minutes and compared in both groups. All information was recorded via study Proforma and SPSS version 17 was used for data analysis.
Results: Mean age of group S patients was 6.8 years ± 2.9 and in group K patients was 7.3 years ± 2.5 (Ρ=0.372). There were 73.8% males and 26.2% females in group S and 61.5% males and 38.5% females in group K. Mean induction time in group S patients was 56.2 seconds ± 27.7 and in group K patients was 71.2 seconds ± 37.3 (Ρ=0.011). The induction time was significantly shorter in group S patients as compared to group K patients. At one minute, mean heart rate in group S patients was 112.4 bpm ± 18.8 and in group K patients was 121.9 bpm ± 18.7 (Ρ=0.005). At two minutes, mean heart rate in group S patients was 115.4 bpm ± 17.5 and in group K patients was 123.9 bpm ± 18.8 (Ρ=0.008). At one minute, MAP in group S patients was 60.1 mmHg ± 6.1 and in group K patients was 73.6 mmHg ± 9.2 (Ρ=0.001). At two minutes, MAP in group S patients was 60.4 mmHg ± 6.4 and in group K patients was 76.3 mmHg ± 10.8 (Ρ=0.001). At one minute, mean oxygen saturation in group S patients was 99.8% ± 0.54 and in group K patients was 99.7% ± 0.44 (Ρ=0.477). At two minutes, oxygen saturation in group S patients was 99.8% ± 0.54 and in group K patients was 99.6% ± 1.53 (Ρ=0.253).
Conclusion: Sevoflurane as an inhalational induction agent is a better choice in children due to shorter induction time and stable hemodynamic response as compared to ketamine, an intravenous induction agent.
Key words: Anaesthesia induction; ketamine; sevoflurane
Fabrication of GaN vertical junction barrier Schottky diode by Mg diffusion from shallow N/Mg ion-implantation segment
Authors: Kwon Woong , Itoh Yuta , Tanaka Atsushi , Watanabe Hirotaka , Honda Yoshio , Amano Hiroshi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A vertical GaN p–n junction diode (PND) and junction barrier Schottky diode (JBSD) were fabricated by selective Mg diffusion. Mg was diffused from a shallow N/Mg ion-implantation segment to a depth of 800 nm with a concentration of 1 × 1017–3 × 1018 cm−3 by annealing with an AlN capping layer at 1300 ℃ for 5 min under atmospheric N2 pressure. The PND and JBSD exhibited specific on-resistances of 2.3–2.6 mΩ cm2 and repeatable breakdowns at 1.95 kV without degradation in breakdown voltage or leakage current. Additionally, the JBSD achieved a high-on/off ratio of 9.1 × 107 between 1.5 V and −1 kV.