bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Utility of Imprint Cytology for Assessment of Breast Lumps
Authors: Vinod K. , Aroul Tirou , Vaithi K. Anand Raj 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Breast lesions are a commonly encountered complaint in the surgical outpatient department. Although majority of these lesions are benign, breast carcinoma is the second most common malignancy in women. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a well-established preoperative diagnostic measure, whereas histopathological examination (HPE) forms the gold standard for the postoperative diagnosis. Imprint cytology (IC) is a rapid, inexpensive intraoperative diagnostic method under investigation. This study attempted to compare IC with FNAC and HPE for the diagnosis of breast lesions.

Materials and Methods:
This study included 65 patients with breast lesions. In each case, a diagnosis was established by preoperative FNAC, an intraoperative IC, and their sensitivity and specificity were compared to the diagnosis by HPE which was considered the gold standard for the diagnosis.

Results:
Sensitivity of IC for diagnosing malignant lesions was 91.6% and specificity was 100%. Similarly, for FNAC, the sensitivity for diagnosing malignant lesions was 91.6% and specificity was 100%.

Conclusion:
Intraoperative IC is a good diagnostic modality comparable to FNAC in the diagnosis of breast lesions and a reliable adjunct to HPE.
Evaluation of Completeness of Hematology Requisition Forms Leading Preanalytical Errors in Laboratory of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Duraiswami Ramanan , Gaiki Varun Vijay 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Laboratory services provide crucial information for the optimal management of patients in a hospital setting. A crucial step in the preanalytical phase of sample testing is the correct filling up of the laboratory requisition form (LRF).

Objectives:
this study as planned to identify the possible parameters for pre analytical errors.

Methodology:
We analyzed the LRF submitted to the Hematology Section of Central Laboratory of a tertiary care teaching hospital from Hyderabad to assess the degree of completeness of the submitted LRF as a cause of preanalytical error in the laboratory workflow. Randomly selected laboratory forms submitted along with specimens to the Central Hematology Laboratory of a tertiary hospital over a period of 1 month for their completeness, as laid down in standard operating procedures. Collected data were entered in an Microsoft Excel Worksheet and analyzed by SPSS version 23. Only the patient's name, identification number, gender, type of sample, and examination requested were correctly filled.

Results:
Patient contact details were available only in 0.82% of LRFs. The diagnosis and clinical history were correctly filled in only 39.62% and 0.27% LRFs, respectively. There was a significant lack of information regarding the doctor requesting the investigation (doctor's name written in 8.47% of forms and doctor's contact telephone number written in 0.27% of forms evaluated). It was also found that the present format of the LRF was inadequate for providing the necessary details of the samples received.

Conclusion:
The existing LRF needs to be re-designed to enable the clinicians to provide more clinical details and patient-related details. Clinicians need to be sensitized regarding the necessity of submitting correctly filled LRFs. The use of system generated online requisition forms can also be done, where forms cannot be submitted unless complete.
Approaching Medical Humanities with an Interactive Tool
Authors: Bansal Monika , Goyal Manoj , Bajpai Anurag 
Published: December 2022

Introduction and Background:
The focus of medical education should not only be the cognitive aspects but also be the qualities and values that make us human. Researchers suggest that the required attitudes and values can be inculcated by exposing the students to medical humanities, which will be helpful in making them not only competent but also ethical and humane doctors. “Theatre of the Oppressed (TO),” which was devised by Augusto Boal, has been used as a tool in medical humanities with positive outcomes.

Aim:
A study was conceptualized with the aim of sensitizing the students with medical humanities with “Theatre of the Oppressed” and to evaluate the workshop by students' perceptions and reflections.

Materials and Methods:
A workshop of 7 days, 5 days online and 2 days physical, was conducted for 30 students, in which they participated in TO games and activities, which are based on theoretical framework of Paulo Freire's “Pedagogy of the Oppressed” TO.

Results:
Students participated very enthusiastically in the workshop. The feedback and reflections of students reveal that they felt more empathetic toward patients and underprivileged, developed mutual trust between their class mates, listened more during the workshop, and developed better understanding on their bodies and emotions.

Conclusion:
The study documents the experience of exposing the students to TO as an interactive tool to address medical humanities. The feedback of students reflects that TO workshop was successful in bringing deep insights on the role of human values in medicine and they want to participate in more of TO workshops in future.
Sonoelastographic Characterization of Parotid and Submandibular Lesions Our Initial Experience
Authors: Manoj Megha , Phatak Suresh V. , Harshith Gowda K. B. , Ghanta Prashanthi , Jain Soumya , Gupta Rishabh 
Published: December 2022

Context:
Sonoelastography is an emerging noninvasive imaging modality used for the assessment of soft tissue lesions. Parotid and submandibular glands are relatively superficial structures which can be easily assessed and examined to characterize the lesions.

Aim:
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the sonoelastographic features of various benign and malignant parotid and submandibular gland lesions, and correlate their findings with pathology.

Materials and Methods:
In a prospective observational study conducted in Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital of JNMC College, Sawangi, Wardha, 24 patients who presented with salivary gland lesions were evaluated with sonoelastography during 2 years.

Results:
The most common age group in this study was 51–60 years, followed by 31–40 years. Benign lesions were more common than malignant ones. Higher values of strain ratio were seen in cases of malignant tumours correlating well with score of 3 and 4 on elastography.

Conclusions:
Sonoelastography is a recent advance in ultrasound for the evaluation of salivary gland lesions showing good correlation with pathology so it can be employed routinely in presurgical evaluation.
To Assess the Knowledge and Skill Regarding Oral Rehydration Solution Preparation among the Mother Having Under Five Children
Authors: Deshmukh Mayuri , Kalode Shivali , Jaiswal Anushka , Chiddarwar Vaishnavee , Nidhishree R. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is the most significant development in the management of acute diarrheal disease in children.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and skill regarding ORS preparation among the mothers having under five children.

Methodology:
The cross-sectional study was done among 100 mothers of under five children from rural areas of Selsura, Wardha district.

Results:
The results showed that 15% of the mothers had the knowledge of taking a clean glass of water, 76% of the mothers knew to add a spoonful of sugar and to add a pinch of salt, 21% knew to stir it till all dissolves, 18% mothers tasted the solution, and 2% replaced the caps of salt and sugar bottle.
Lesions in the Parotidomasseteric Domain
Authors: Natarajan Srivalli , Oswal Yash , Gandevivala Adil , Baviskar Padmakar Sudhakar , Vaishampayan Sagar , Vaidya Sushrut , Deshpande Gaurav , Sidana Sunil 
Published: December 2022

Context:
Swellings in parotidomasseteric region are one of the most intriguing and challenging lesions in the head and neck. Diverse array of diagnosis, striking clinical similarities between different pathologies and anatomical complexity of this region make parotidomasseteric lesions unique.

Aims:
This article aims to provide a detailed description of various pathologies associated, the diagnostic challenges posed, and the respective management strategies.

Settings and Design:
The study design involves retrospective observational.

Subjects and Methods:
Sixteen rare cases of various parotidomasseteric pathologies were reviewed to delineate clinical presentation and characteristic features in diagnostic investigations and subsequent treatment strategies.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Not applicable.

Results:
The analysis showed that lesions in the parotidomasseteric region can be categorized into specific entities with distinct but often overlapping clinical features. Given the location and anatomy of the parotidomasseteric region, these lesions can often remain indolent Investigations are fruitful to some extent in determining the expanse of these lesions, however, remain inconclusive in diagnosing the origin and their true nature.

Conclusions:
The authors conclude that a systematic approach to the diagnosis of a parotidomasseteric lesion is of utmost importance because the differential diagnosis is prodigious. These lesions can be considered very deceptive, demanding surgical intervention and their excision. With the exception of surgical exploration, physical examination remains the most indispensable tool. Hence, a better classification system which determines the treatment required for a particular parotidomasseteric lesion and which correlates the clinical findings with the preoperative investigations will be more beneficial for the operating surgeon.
Morbidity Pattern and Health-Seeking Behavior among the Elderly Residing in Slums of Eastern Odisha
Authors: Patnaik Asmita , Mohanty Smaraki , Pradhan Srabani , Behera Tapas Ranjan 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Of the total population, elderly people comprised of 8.14% in India where in India or globally. Main challenges faced by the elderly in our country are feminization, ruralisation, migration, and an increasing number of 80-plus adults. This sudden change of environment or being left stranded alone unattended or being dependent on children for their necessities is a major cause of mental illnesses.

Objectives:
To study the socio-demographic profile, find out the different morbidities and assess the health-seeking behaviour of the study subjects.

Materials and Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of urban health and training center using the simple random sampling method.

Results:
The mean age of study subjects was 67.58 ± 6.53 years. Majority of participants, i.e., 308 (73.0%) were young old. 207 (49.1%) were illiterate, 272 (64.5%) unemployed 272 (64.5%) and 224 (53.1%) were living with their children, i.e., 224 (53.1%). Inappropriate health-seeking behavior was significantly associated with under-weight (P < 0.001) which accounted for 2/3rd of participants. Severe depression was observed among 59.5% participants. Females showed a higher proportion of myalgia (5.7%), whereas males showed preponderance of upper respiratory tract diseases (19.2%). The prevalence of inappropriate health-seeking behavior was higher in females (65.1%). The proportion of the elderly with poor health-seeking behavior was found to be 50.4%.

Conclusion:
Morbidity among the elderly is very high and health-seeking behavior is very poor. Hence, strong efforts are needed to provide them holistic care. Hence, this study was conducted to threw some light on health status of the elderly, their morbidity pattern and health-seeking behavior. It will help the policy-makers to prepare the intervention strategies at the community level.
Quality of Life among Malnourished Elderly Population in Rural Puducherry, South India
Authors: Sivapushani Aruljothi , Mathiyalagen Prakash , Dhasaram Premnath , Sivadamien Thirunavukarasu 
Published: December 2022

Context:
Health of the elderly will be an important issue in defining the health status of a population in coming years. There is a paucity of information with regard to quality of life (QOL) among malnourished elderly.

Aims:
To assess the QOL among malnourished elderly in a rural field practice areas of tertiary care hospital, Puducherry, and to find the sociodemographic factors associated with QOL among malnourished elderly population.

Settings and Design:
A community-based cross-sectional study in the rural field areas of Government Medical College of Puducherry.

Subjects and Methods:
After obtaining ethical approval, the study was conducted among 225 malnourished elderly (>60 years) from April to June 2019 using multistage random sampling technique. Sociodemographic data were obtained using a semistructured questionnaire. Malnutrition was screened using Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form and QOL was assessed using World Health Organization QOL-BREF questionnaire.

Results:
The mean and standard deviation of the study participants' age was 69.89 + 6.3 years. 57.8% of them were female, 81.3% were unemployed, and 73.3% were dependent on their old age pension for their livelihood. QOL of malnourished elderly was poor in all the domains when compared to those without malnourished and this is found to be statistically significant. In binomial logistic regression analysis, the presence of comorbidity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.4 and 95% confidence interval: 1.3–4.4), unemployed (AOR: 4.8; 1.4–15.9), and living without family (AOR: 0.2; 0.06–0.7) revealed the statistically significant association with low QOL score among malnourished elderly.

Conclusions:
The mean score of QOL among malnourished elderly was below average in all four domains in which psychosocial domain was badly affected.
Ecological Momentary Assessment for Awake Bruxism Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: de Oliveira Sarah Barros , da Fonte Tatiana Prosini , Berden Maria Emília Servín , Conti Paulo César Rodrigues , Cunha Carolina Ortigosa 
Published: December 2022

Context:
Awake bruxism (AB) is a common oral behavior that can cause damage to the stomatognathic system. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a method which collects information about the patient in their natural environment, with several alerts throughout the day.

Aims:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of EMA in the diagnosis and treatment of AB, psychosocial aspects in individuals diagnosed with AB and to compare self-report of AB with the diagnosis of AB through the EMA.

Subjects and Methods:
The research was performed on an online questionnaire in two stages. The initial sample was composed by volunteers from 18 to 50 years-old, randomly recruited through social media, without restriction of sex and occupation.

Settings and Design:
The first stage involved answering an online questionnaire for the initial diagnosis of AB, and in the second stage, participants underwent EMA for 15 days and answered online questionnaires about perceived stress and anxiety.

Statistical Analysis:
Statistical analysis consisted of qualitative and quantitative descriptive statistics with parametric and nonparametric tests, with a significance level of 5%.

Results:
Results showed a significant moderate and positive correlation between the level of AB "tight muscles without teeth contact" and the level of anxiety.

Conclusions:
As a treatment, EMA can be effective; however, this will depend also on the patient's commitment.
Comparative Evaluation on Clinical Efficacy of Active Oxygen Toothpaste with Herbal Toothpaste in Supragingival Plaque Reduction among Gingivitis Patients
Authors: Murugesan Dharshana , Elanchezhiyan S. , Daniel G. Rajkumar , Vennila K. , Priyadharshini E. Gayathri , Udhayaa A. S. 
Published: December 2022

Context:
Gingivitis is a soft-tissue inflammation of the gingiva. It is initiated in the oral cavity by the accumulation of plaque. Among the various plaque control methods, dentifrices play a major role to reduce the microbial load in gingivitis patients. Herbal dentifrice reduces plaque levels and gingival inflammation. In a revolutionary process on dentifrice, BlueM (BM) International has recently introduced the BM dentifrice. Its mechanism of action is to reduce inflammation by controlled delivery of reactive oxygen species to injury sites.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of two commercially available toothpaste, BM, and Dabur Red (DR) in gingivitis patients.

Settings and Design:
To compare the anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis efficacy of two commercially available toothpaste by measuring gingival, plaque, and bleeding indices in gingivitis patients.

Subjects and Methods:
A total of 45 patients with chronic gingivitis were included in the study. After oral prophylaxis, they were divided into three groups: Group A, Group B, and Group C who received BM toothpaste, DR toothpaste, and placebo toothpaste, respectively. The clinical parameters were recorded at baseline, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd weeks.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data on the gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI) and bleeding index (BI) were statistically analyzed by the mean and standard deviation between the groups using analysis of variance with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS version 20.0) with a 95% confidence level (P < 0.05).

Results:
The three groups showed significant reduction (P < 0.05) in PI, GI, and BI from baseline. The BM has more significant mean PI and BI than DR.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated that active oxygen toothpaste has comparable anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis efficacies with herbal toothpaste (DR).
Comparing Two- and Three-Dimensional Antral Follicle Count in Patients with Endometriosis
Authors: Oliveira Rodrigues Andréia Regina De , de Sá Renato Augusto , Velarde Guillermo Coca , Valle Marcello Pereira , Nóbrega Beatrice Nuto , Roque Matheus , Júnior Edward Araujo 
Published: December 2022

Background:
The purpose of the study was to compare three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound semiautomatic antral follicle count (AFC) with two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound real-time AFC to evaluate patients with deep endometriosis and/or endometrioma submitted to ovarian stimulation (OS).

Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study assessing all women with documented diagnosis of deep endometriosis who underwent OS for assisted reproduction treatment. The primary outcome was the difference between AFC by semiautomatic 3D follicle count using 3D volume datasets and 2D ultrasound count with the number of oocytes retrieved at the end of the cycle. The 3D ultrasound AFC was obtained using sonography-based automated volume count (SonoAVC), and the 2D ultrasound AFC data was collected from the electronic medical record.

Results:
Total of 36 women had deep endometriosis documented by magnetic resonance imaging, laparoscopy, or ultrasonography and 3D ovarian volume datasets stored from their first exam. The differences between the 2D and 3D AFC and the number of oocytes retrieved at the end of the stimulation were compared, showing no significant statistical difference between both methods (P = 0.59). Correlations were similar using both methods when compared to the number of oocytes retrieved (2D [r = 0.83, confidence interval (CI) = 0.68–0.9, P < 0.001]); (3D [r = 0.81, CI = 0.46–0.83, P < 0.001]).

Conclusion:
3D semiautomatic AFC can be used to access the ovarian reserve in patients with endometriosis.
Shear Wave Elastography for Assessment of Testicular Stiffness in Patients with Varicocele
Authors: Yüzkan Sabahattin , Çilengir Atilla Hikmet 
Published: December 2022

Background:
The purpose of this study was to use ultrasonography and shear wave elastography (SWE) to assess stiffness and volume of testes in adult patients with varicocele, to compare the results with those of normal contralateral testes of the same patients and healthy testes of control subjects.

Methods:
In this IRB-approved prospective comparative study, 58 patients with varicocele (116 testes) and 58 control patients (116 testes) were enrolled. A total of 66 testes with varicocele were added to group A, their 50 healthful contralateral testes were added to Group B, and 116 healthy control testes were added to Group C. Analysis of variance (one way ANOVA) test was used to compare groups and Student's t-test was used for their binary comparisons. The correlation between the testicular stiffness and volume was studied using Pearson's correlation test.

Results:
There was not a significant difference in the mean SWE values between three groups and also, between two-group comparisons (P < 0.05). In the mean testicular volumes, a significant difference was observed between Groups A and C (P = 0.028). Conversely, there was not a significant difference between Groups A and B (P = 0.907) or Groups B and C (P = 0.094). A meaningful correlation between testicular stiffness and volume was not detected for each group.

Conclusion:
A significant correlation was not determined between SWE values and varicocele, and also between SWE values and testicular volume. We advise that more studies with larger populations of patients are required to verify the effectiveness of SWE in predicting testicular parenchymal damage.
Vitamin D Status and Sociodemographic Profile of Pregnant Nigerian Igbo Women
Authors: Adinma Joseph I. B.-D. , Ahaneku Joseph E. , Adinma Echendu D. , Ugboaja Joseph O. , Egeonu Richard O. , Adinma-Obiajulu Nneoma D. , Edet Mark M 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in pregnancy is of major public health concern because of the effect it may have on maternal and fetal outcomes. Some of these effects include gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, infections, increased rate of cesarean sections, fetal growth restrictions, and poor fetal and infant bone mineralization.

Aims:
The aim of this article is to determine the serum vitamin D levels of pregnant women and the influence of some sociodemographic factors on vitamin D status.

Subjects and Methods:
This prospective, cross-sectional study, involving 256 consecutive parturient Igbo women, was carried out at two locations in Anambra State of southeastern Nigeria. Ethical approval and appropriate participatory consent were elicited and obtained from the participants. Blood samples were taken from the women during labor. Serum obtained from each maternal blood sample was labeled, stored in a refrigerator at -80°C, and ultimately assayed for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 using high performance liquid chromatography. A proforma eliciting the biosocial characteristics was also completed for each of the pregnant woman. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23. Serum vitamin D level of ≥32 ng/mL was reported as normal, whereas that of <32 ng/mL was reported as deficiency. Comparison of variables was carried out using the χ2 test and Student’s t-test with P-value less than 0.05 at 95% confidence interval, which was considered to be significant.

Results:
In this study, VDD occurred in 36 (14.1%) women. VDD occurred significantly higher among multiparous women (para 1–4), P = 0.011. All 36 (100%) women with VDD occurred at term gestational age (37–42 weeks). VDD was more prevalent in dark complexion compared with others. Women with indoor work location had higher prevalence of VDD than those of outdoor, and all the women with VDD were of urban domicile.

Conclusion:
VDD is low in this study and is significantly influenced by parity, gestational age, complexion, location of work place, and place of domicile. It is recommended that pre- and early pregnancy administration of vitamin D supplements be individualized on the basis of certain biosocial factors: multiparity, term gestational age, dark complexion, indoor work location, and urban domicile.