bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment Decisions and Clinical Mastitis Cure Rates Monitoring Using DHIA SCC Data
Authors: Lago A. , Rhoda D. , Cook N. B. 
Published: February 2023

Somatic cell count (SCC) cure reflects both bacteriological cure and resolution of tissue inflammation. Farmers receive premiums and penalties related to the sale of somatic cells in fluid milk, thus SCC cure has some advantages over other monitors of treatment success or failure. Although pathogen specific patterns of SCC change during clinical mastitis have been well described (de Haas et al, 2002), use of SCC cure in commercial herds has been poorly documented.
The objective of this paper was to report on the use of a method to assess clinical mastitis cure using SCC in monthly tested Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA) recorded dairy herds with records of clinical mastitis events.
Latest in Mastitis Control and Management
Authors: Johnson Andrew P. 
Published: February 2023

This is a very interesting topic because there have not been major changes in mastitis control and management. The secret is still to pay attention to the "Mastitis Triangle," which means looking at the people milking the cows, the equipment, and the cow's environment. The most successful milk quality programs are those that look at the whole picture.
Instead of dealing with problem high-somatic cell count (SCC) herds, the biggest opportunities are with well-managed dairies trying to improve their milk quality program. These dairies want to milk more cows in less time, and control clinical mastitis and SCC. Working to change lag times for better let-downs, having the right vacuum in the claw during peak milk flow or changing automatic take-off (ATO) settings to shorten milking duration are ways to change milking performance. Assisting the farm to develop better cow traffic patterns and faster loading will also improve the performance.
By improving milk quality you can affect the profitability of a dairy. There is no one better to accomplish this than a large animal veterinarian. The opportunity is huge for those that are willing to get involved with their dairy farms.
Evaluation of Castration Technique, Pain Management, and Castration Timing in Young Feedlot Bulls in Alberta
Authors: Wildman B. K. , Pollock C. M. , Schunicht O. C. , Booker C. W. , Guichon P. T. , Jim G. K. , Pittman T. J. , Perrett T. , Morley P. S. , Jones C. W. , Lee S. R. 
Published: February 2023

A randomized commercial feedlot study was conducted to evaluate the effect of castration technique (band castration (BC) versus surgical castration (SC)), pain management (anesthesia/analgesia (AA) versus no anesthesia/analgesia (NA)), and castration timing (allocation (DO) versus 70 days post-allocation (D70)) on animal health, feedlot performance, and carcass characteristic variables of young bulls. There were 960 bulls and 48 pens used in a complete block design, with no commingling of animals from different experimental groups in the same pens.
In the preliminary feedlot performance data summary from allocation to D159, ADG ( +0.051 lb./day, P=0.188) and DM:G (-0.117, P=0.060) were improved in pens castrated at DO versus pens castrated at D70; ADG ( +0.076 lb./day, P=0.049) and DM:G (-0.069, P=0.264) were improved in pens castrated using BQ versus pens castrated using SC; and ADG ( +0.025 lb/day, P=0.511) and DM:G (-0.079, P=0.204) were improved in pens castrated with NA versus those castrated with AA. There were no significant interactions detected between castration timing, castration technique, and pain management strategies. There were minimal differences in mortality from DO to D159 between the pens in each of the castration options (DO versus D70; BC versus SC; or AA versus NA).
The preliminary data from DO to D159 are interesting; however, final data from allocation through slaughter are necessary to complete the overall assessment of each castration option. Understanding the relative cost-effectiveness of each castration option will help bridge the gap that currently exists in determining optimal castration management in commercial feedlot settings.
Immunology Review/Refresher with Einphasis on Vaccinology
Authors: Chase Chris 
Published: February 2023

Vaccinology involves the preparation and testing of vaccines, the animal's immune response to the vaccine and the outcome against a challenge. This area of veterinary medicine, which offers great promise, is misused, abused and often expected to cure the impossible. Unfortunately, there is no "magic bullet" and the myths of vaccinology outweigh the reality.
Our understanding of the immune response has been greatly expanded in the last 10 years. Terms such as "danger signals" and "dendritic cells" were unknown in vaccinology until the last 5-6 years. In this vaccinology review, I will emphasize the primary immune response and its importance for setting up the long-term memory and duration of immunity.
Vaccine Field Efficacy
Authors: Hunsaker Breck D. , Tripp Scott P. 
Published: February 2023

An evidence-based approach to design and recommendation of vaccination programs requires a thorough review of the peer-reviewed veterinary literature. Criteria for inclusion in this review are: inclusion of a valid concurrent control group, blinding of evaluators of subjective outcomes, randomization of experimental treatments, appropriate statistical methods, sufficient statistical power and external validity. Also, only those peer-reviewed articles that report clinically relevant outcomes, e.g. morbidity, mortality, average daily gain, feed efficiency, milk production, lameness, etc, are included in this review. Furthermore, only reports of field studies done in North America were included.
CAB abstracts and PubMed databases were searched using the following search terms: bovine or cattle or cal? or bull or cow AND immun? or vaccin? or vaccine AND natural or field challenge. From these searches, 21 reports of well-designed studies done in North America to investigate field efficacy of vaccine antigens with relevance to beef cattle or dairy operations were found; 13 of these studies reported a benefit in clinically relevant outcomes.
Managing Feed Quality Issues to Maximize Health and Productivity
Authors: Corbett Robert B. 
Published: February 2023

Veterinarians are becoming increasingly involved in nutritional management on their clients' dairies, and are more frequently being consulted about feed quality and feed delivery issues. Many fresh cow problems that veterinarians treat are nutritionally related and cannot be resolved without making changes in nutritional management around the time of parturition. Maximizing feed quality, regardless of whether the feedstuff is harvested on-farm or is purchased, is extremely important in maximizing profitability and minimizing disease on the dairy farm. Maintaining feed quality during storage and feedout is equally important. Dairy feeds can be classified into five general categories: 1) fermented forages, 2) dry forages, 3) commodities, 4) additives and 5) vitamin-mineral packages. Even though feed quality management is generally focused on forages, other categories of feedstuffs should also be addressed. Veterinarians need to be well-informed on feed quality issues, regardless of whether or not they are doing actual ration formulation on the farm.
Succession Planning for the Dairy Farm Business
Authors: Erven Bernard L. 
Published: February 2023

Succession planning is a family-by-family challenge. No two farms or families are alike. To illustrate, a farm couple with one adult child in the business and four other children not in the business has a dramatically different situation than another couple with two adult children, both in the business.
Tax issues, estate planning, business viability, financing and proper legal documentation often dominate succession planning and farm-transfer discussions. Family relations and issues such as goals, timing, communication and fairness typically receive far less attention. These often unappreciated issues, however, are the focus of this article.
Comparative Pharmacological Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines against the
Variants of Concerns (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2: Recent Clinical Studies on
Booster Dose
Authors: Zhao Di , Wang Xiaoyan , Liu Junqi , AU Chinnappa , Basavaraj Vijaya , Sri Chiriki Devi , Nikolenko Vladimir N. , Beeraka Narasimha M. , Shivaprakash Priyanka , Fan Ruitai 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Sera obtained from convalescent individuals, and vaccinated individuals can induce low
neutralizing efficacy against variants of concerns (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the majority
of COVID-19 vaccines are less efficacious against VOCs when compared to their efficacy
against the original virus. Immune escape is one of the significant mechanisms observed during
SARS-CoV-2 infection due to the substantial mutational capacity of VOCs such as B.1.1.7, P.1,
B.1.351, B.1.617.2, C.37, and B.1.621. Omicron, a novel strain of SARS-CoV-2, also referred to
as B.1.1.529, was identified in South Africa. This variant is a potential new VOC by the World
Health Organization (WHO), and confirmed cases have been arising across several nations due to
its rapid spreading ability. Omicron variant can acquire substantial immune escape following Delta,
Beta/Gamma D614G VOCs and subsequently facilitating potential infectivity due to its enhanced
ACE2 binding ability. The Omicron variant is a highly mutated variant accompanied by
higher transmissibility and immune evasion. This mini review describes the ability of VOCs to
acquire immune escape and also describes the comparative neutralization efficacy of several vaccines,
including Booster doses against SARS-CoV-2.
A Comprehensive Insight on Pharmacological Properties of Cilnidipine: A
Fourth-generation Calcium Channel Blocker
Authors: Kadian Renu , Nanda Arun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Preventing the development of cardiovascular problems is a key objective of antihypertensive
drugs. Many of the non-pressure related coronary risk factors for hypertension are thought
to be connected to an increase in sympathetic activity. The sympathetic systems have N-type calcium
channels at the nerve terminals that control neurotransmitter release. Cilnidipine is a unique
fourth-generation calcium channel blocker with blocking action on both L-/N- type calcium channels.
Several L-type calcium channel blockers (Nilvadipine, amlodipine, azelnidipine, nifedipine,
etc.) have been used to treat hypertensive patients. Cilnidipine is a novel drug that exerts a hypotensive
effect through vasodilation action via blocking L-type calcium channels and potent antisympathetic
activity via blocking N-type calcium channels. Inhibiting N-type calcium channels
might be a new approach to treating cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, it is expected that cilnidipine
may respond well to complicated hypertension. The present review aims to describe the
management mechanism of hypertension, and other pharmacological and physicochemical properties
of cilnidipine. Cilnidipine has various other beneficial effects such as lipid-lowering effect,
reduced white coat effect, improves insulin sensitivity in essential hypertensive patients, ameliorates
osteoporosis in ovariectomized hypertensive rats, reduced arterial stiffness, reduced the risk
of pedal edema, antinociceptive effects, neuroprotective and renal protective effect, probably
through inhibition of N-type calcium channels. Cilnidipine distinguishes itself from other calcium
channel blockers due to its wide range of beneficial pharmacological effects. In conclusion, cilnidipine
may be more advantageous than other dihydropyridines, such as nisoldipine, amlodipine,
azelnidipine, and other antihypertensive drugs.
A Change in the Trend of Quality Reporting in Leprosy Trials: A
Systematic Review
Authors: Thangaraju Pugazhenthan , Sheth Pranav Gaurangbhai , Velmurugan Hemasri , Venkatesan Sajitha , Balan Aravind Kumar 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Leprosy is a communicable disease caused by bacteria Mycobacterium leprae.
Despite all attempts, it has not been eradicated in several underdeveloped nations since the start of the
antibiotic age. It's a social issue as well as a stigmatised disease. Due to these restrictions, randomised
controlled trials in leprosy confront numerous obstacles, which are reflected in the quality of study
reporting.

Objectives:
The objective of this study is to use the Consolidated Standard for Reporting Trials
(CONSORT) 2010 checklist to assess the quality of leprosy trial reporting.

Methods:
We assess the quality of reporting of randomised control trials on leprosy conducted after
2010 in the PubMed database, using the CONSORT checklist 2010. Second, we compare the quality of
RCT reporting before and after the release of the CONSORT guidelines in 2010.

Results:
A total of 19 full-text eligible articles were examined and included in the final list of articles,
which were then evaluated further. 4 out of 19 trials had a compliance percentage of more than 75%. 6
out of 19 trials had compliance percentage of 50% to 75%. 9 trials had a compliance percentage of
below 50%. Highest compliance was 86.48% and the lowest compliance was 32.43%. When compared
with trials before 2010, we could see an improvement in some criteria showing a statistically significant
rise in comparison with trials conducted before 2010.

Conclusion:
Leprosy is still a concern in developing countries, which have failed to eradicate the disease
despite their best efforts and resources. The compliance of leprosy related RCTs has improved
since the introduction of the CONSORT guidelines, but the quality of reporting still remains on the
lower side.
Self-micro Emulsifying Drug Delivery via Intestinal Lymphatics: A Lucrative
Approach to Drug Targeting
Authors: Ramachandra Darshan Petkar , Sudheer Preethi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
The intestinal lymphatics are considered one of the most specialized pathways, which promote
the absorption of various agents such as vitamins, lipids, xenobiotics, and lipophilic substances. The intestinal
lymphatics have provided various advantages like bypassing first-pass effects, and improved bioavailability.
The oral delivery of poor hydrophilic drugs can be improved by employing a lipid-based formulation
strategy. Self-micro emulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) are one of the vivacious
strategies based on lipid-based drug delivery that have shown their effects by improving the solubility and
bioavailability of the therapeutic agents. This review is an insight into the functions, targets, mechanisms,
and carriers involved in intestinal lymphatics. Also, the review illustrates the types, formulation requirements,
and mechanism of action of SMEDDS in detail. In addition, it describes the targeting, types, physicochemical
properties, biological barriers, and benefits of lymphatic targeting in therapy. Finally, the marketed
formulations and future aspects of SMEDDS formulations are addressed.
Analisis Faktor Penyebab Keterlambatan Pengumpulan Tugas Pada Pembelajaran Daring Di SMKN 6 Bandung
Authors: Fadilla Syam Afra , - Sukadi , Rahayu Sri 
Published: February 2023

Pembelajaran dalam jaringan yang dilaksanakan di SMKN 6 Bandung khususnya pada program keahlian Desain Pemodelan dan Informasi Bangunan berjalan dengan kurang baik karena memiliki beberapa kendala, hal ini menyebabkan tujuan pembelajaran dan hasil belajar tidak tercapai dengan baik. Permasalahan ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor internal maupun eksternal dari guru maupun siswa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran umum mengenai faktor penyebab keterlambatan pengumpulan tugas pada pembelajaran daring di SMKN 6 Bandung, mengetahui persentase faktor internal penyebab keterlambatan pengumpulan tugas pada pembelajaran daring di SMKN 6 Bandung, mengetahui persentase faktor eksternal penyebab keterlambatan pengumpulan tugas pada pembelajaran daring di SMKN 6 Bandung dan untuk mengetahui faktor yang dominan menyebabkan keterlambatan pengumpulan tugas pada pembelajaran daring di SMKN 6 Bandung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis perhitungan persentase. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa persentase faktor internal lebih besar dari pada faktor eksternal. Lebih dari setengahnya siswa menyatakan penyebab keterlambatan pengumpulan tugas pada pembelajaran daring di SMKN 6 Bandung berasal dari faktor internal, sedangkan kurang dari setengahnya siswa menyatakan penyebab keterlambatan pengumpulan tugas pada pembelajaran daring di SMKN 6 Bandung berasal dari faktor eksternal. Persentase dari kedua faktor tersebut tidak terlalu jauh sehingga tidak menutup kemungkinan dari kedua faktor tersebut dapat saling menyebabkan keterlambatan pengumpulan tugas pada pembelajaran daring. Untuk faktor yang dominan menyebabkan pengumpulan tugas pada pembelajaran daring yaitu faktor internal dalam aspek motivasi.
Sensory Overresponsivity and Symptoms Across the Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum: Web-Based Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Moreno-Amador Beatriz , Cervin Matti , Martínez-González Agustin Ernesto , Piqueras Jose A ,   OCD-Spectrum Spain Research Group
Published: February 2023

Background
Sensory overresponsivity (SOR) has emerged as a potential endophenotype in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but few studies have examined SOR in relation to the major symptom dimensions of OCD and to symptoms across the full obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptom spectrum.

Objective
This study had 2 main objectives. First, we examined the psychometric properties of the SOR Scales in a community-based sample of Spanish adolescents and adults. Second, we identified how SOR difficulties are related to symptoms across the full OC spectrum (eg, OC, body dysmorphic, hoarding, skin-picking, and hair-pulling symptoms), including the heterogeneity of OC symptoms.

Methods
We translated the SOR Scales into Spanish—a measure that assesses SOR across the 5 sensory modalities—and created a web-based version of the measure. A sample of 1454 adolescents and adults (mean age 23.84, SD 8.46 years) participated in the study, and 388 (26.69%) participants completed the survey twice (approximately 8 months apart). The survey also contained a web-based measure that assesses symptoms across the full OC spectrum: harm and checking, taboo obsessions, contamination or cleaning, symmetry and ordering, body dysmorphic, hoarding, hair-pulling, and skin-picking symptoms.

Results
The psychometric properties of the SOR Scales were excellent, and the test-retest reliability was adequate. All types of SOR were related to all major symptom dimensions of OCD and to all OC spectrum symptoms.

Conclusions
SOR across the sensory modalities can be validly assessed using a web-based measure. SOR emerged as a pure transdiagnostic phenomenon in relation to symptoms across the OC spectrum, with no specific sensory modality being more strongly related to OC symptoms. SOR can shed much needed light on basic mechanisms that are important for the onset and maintenance of OC spectrum symptoms, and this study shows that large-scale web-based studies can aid in this endeavor. Future studies should examine whether SOR precedes or emerges alongside OC symptoms.
Health Care Professionals’ Experiences in Telerehabilitation: Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Qvarfordt Maria , Nilsson Evalill , Nilsson Lina 
Published: February 2023

Background
The use of digital communication in Swedish health care has increased in an effort to make health care more accessible. At the organizational level, trust in digitalization has stabilized, but a certain degree of skepticism regarding technology appears to exist among health care employees.

Objective
This study aimed to explore health care professionals’ (HCPs) experiences of digital communication with patients and colleagues in a habilitation context.

Methods
Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze data derived from individual interviews.

Results
The results revealed that there were mixed feelings regarding the digital format used at the habilitation center. Although some skepticism remained regarding the digital format, there seemed to be a parallel understanding of the motives and benefits of digitalization. Hence, positive aspects, such as increased health care accessibility, were identified. However, emphasis was placed on the considerations required to make digital consultations appropriate for each patient.

Conclusions
Managing a workday influenced by the balance between digital and physical demands forces HCPs to adjust to the digital format and new ways of working. This requires HCPs to consider whether digital means are appropriate for communication in individual patient-specific cases.
Designing Virtual Natural Environments for Older Adults: Think-Aloud Study
Authors: Lundstedt Rikard , Persson Johanna , Håkansson Carita , Frennert Susanne , Wallergård Mattias 
Published: February 2023

Background
Spending time in natural environments is beneficial for human health, but many older adults have limited or no access to natural environments. Virtual reality technology may be a means to facilitate nature experiences, and so, there is a need for knowledge on how to design virtual restorative natural environments for older adults.

Objective
The aim of this study was to identify, implement, and test older adults’ preferences and ideas regarding virtual natural environments.

Methods
A total of 14 older adults (mean age 75, SD 5.9 years) participated in an iterative process to design such an environment. We used think-aloud protocols and qualitative content analysis and established questionnaires that targeted usability, affective aspects, and side effects. These data guided the design decisions for incremental implementations of a prototype.

Results
The participants’ preferences included trueness to reality in terms of rendition and behavior; traces of human activity and natural processes that trigger the imagination and provide believability; the ability to roam, explore, and interact with the environment; and a familiar, relatable environment that evokes memories. The iterative design process resulted in a prototype featuring many of the participants’ ideas and preferences, including a seated locomotion technique, animals, a boat ride, the discovery of a boat wreck, and apple picking. The questionnaire results indicated high perceived usability, interest, and enjoyment; low pressure and tension; moderate value and usefulness; and negligible side effects.

Conclusions
We suggested 3 principles for virtual natural environments for older adults: realness, interactivity, and relatedness. Virtual natural environments should also provide a diversity of content and activities to accommodate the heterogeneity in older adults’ preferences. These results can contribute to a framework for designing virtual natural environments for older adults. However, these findings need to be tested and potentially revised in future studies.