bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studi Penggunaan Obat Infark Miokard Akut di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit XYZ Jakarta
Authors: Ginanjar Ismu , Puspaningrat Luh Putu Desy , Candra I Gusti Ngurah Putu 
Published: July 2023

Penyakit jantung koroner masih merupakan pembunuh terbesar baik di Indonesia maupun di negara-negara barat. Kematian akibat penyakit jantung koroner umumnya terjadi melalui Sindroma Koroner Akut (SKA), yang berpuncak pada infark jantung dan kematian.
Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui jenis obat yang sering digunakan pada pasien infark miokard akut yang didapatkan dari rekam medik di Rumah Sakit XYZ Jakarta dan apakah telah sesuai dengan formularium rumah sakit dan pedoman tatalaksana sindroma koroner akut. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif yang dilakukan
di Rumah Sakit XYZ Jakarta di instalasi rawat inap pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak dan sistematis dengan mengambil seluruh rekam medik dari pasien infark miokard akut dengan teknik totally sampling, periode Januari – Juni 2019. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di Rumah Sakit XYZ Jakarta menunjukan bahwa kasus penyakit infark miokard akut terjadi sekitar 3-5 kasus perbulan, jenis obat yang sering digunakan yaitu ISDN dan ASA (Asam asetil salisilat). Penggunaan obat yang sesuai dengan formularium rumah sakit hanya mencapai 35,4%.
UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% DAUN PATIKAN KEBO (Euphorbia hirta L.) TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Komarudin Dede , Hardiyati Iin , Hidayat Febri , Dipta Eka , Widiyanti Nada , Fauziah Siva , Hartono Adityo 
Published: July 2023

Daun patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta L.) merupakan jenis tanaman yang termasuk dalam keluarga Euphorbiales. Daun patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta L.) memiliki banyak kegunaan sebagai obat-obatan diantaranya sebagai antiinflamasi, peluruh air seni, dan menghilangkan rasa gatal. Untuk menilai keamanan daun patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta L.) dalam pemanfaatannya diperlukan pengujian terlebih dahulu yang dirancang untuk mengetahui tingkat keamanan dalam penggunaanya. Uji toksisitas akut oral dilakukan untuk menentukan dosis atau konsentrasi yang diberikan dengan sekali penggunaan (tunggal) atau beberapa kali dalam 24 jam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai LD50 dan kategori toksisitas ekstrak etanol 70% daun patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta L.) pada tikus putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus). Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian eksperimental yaitu dengan penampilan data-data ekstraksi serta pengujian toksisitas terhadap tikus untuk mendapatkan nilai LD50. Berdasarkan metode Thomson dan weil nilai LD50 ekstrak etanol 70% daun patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta L.) sebesar 1,45 g/KgBB dengan nilai kiasaran LD50 ekstrak etanol daun patikan kebo sebesar 0,62 g/KgBB–3,37 g/KgBB Sehingga dapat dikategorikan memiliki tingkat toksik.
Kata kunci: Daun patikan kebo, ekstrak etanol, toksisitas, LD50
A Review of Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Research with Sustainability Reporting: 1999-2020 dataset
Authors: E-Vahdati Sahar , Aripin Norhani 
Published: July 2023

This review paper aims to identify the main areas of studies in the field of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) research with sustainability reports. Using a bibliometric analysis, this study evaluated 955 published documents retrieved from the Scopus database to find a research review structure on GRI with sustainability topics from 1999 to 2020 by utilizing the bibliometric package in VOSviewer and Harzing’s Publish or Perish. This paper examined the most effective journals, authors, countries, institutions, subject area, keywords, citation, co-authorship, co-citation, bibliographic coupling, and co-occurrences networks. Also, this paper demonstrated the intellectual structure of the research and perceived obstacles to growth in the literature. The results show that the trend of publications has been growing over the past 20 years. This study offers a comprehensive understanding and publication of past studies trends and suggests that it will be a much greater number of articles in this field over the next decade which help the future direction of researchers in this area.
Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar las principales áreas de estudio en la investigación de Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). Mediante un análisis bibliométrico, este estudio evaluó 955 documentos publicados recuperados de la base de datos Scopus para encontrar una estructura de revisión de la investigación sobre GRI con temas de sostenibilidad desde 1999 hasta 2020 utilizando el paquete bibliométrico de VOSviewer y Publish or Perish de Harzing. Este trabajo examinó las revistas, autores, países, instituciones, área temática, palabras clave, citación, coautoría, co-citación, acoplamiento bibliográfico y redes de co-ocurrencias más eficaces. Asimismo, este trabajo demostró la estructura intelectual de la investigación y los obstáculos percibidos para el crecimiento de la bibliografía. Los resultados muestran que en los últimos 20 años la tendencia de las publicaciones ha ido en aumento. Este estudio ofrece una comprensión global y la publicación de las tendencias de los estudios anteriores y sugiere que habrá un número mucho mayor de artículos en este campo durante la próxima década.
Do Industry Specialist Audit Firms Influence Real Earnings Management? The Role of Auditor Independence
Authors: Al-Qadasi Adel Ali , Baatwah Saeed Rabea , Ghaleb Belal Ali , Qasem Ameen 
Published: July 2023

In this study, we provide empirical evidence on how the relationship between industry specialist auditors and real earnings management (REM) is moderated by the auditors’ independence. From a sample of Malaysian listed companies for the period 2009 to 2016, the results indicate that companies with specialist auditors are less likely to practise REM. However, this negative association is less pronounced when the independence of the specialist auditor is low, suggesting that the presence of economic bonding between the specialist auditor and the client may allow the auditor to become sufficiently lax to align with the interests of an economically important auditee. Our findings remain robust after controlling for endogeneity and self-selection bias and performing several further analyses. This study is the first to prove that auditor independence can moderate the effectiveness of industry specialist auditors in mitigating REM practices. The results have implications for policy makers to enhance the current regulation structure of auditing and accounting professions. The results also provide new insights into the association between audit quality, REM and auditor independence in an emerging economy.
En este estudio proporcionamos evidencia empírica sobre cómo la relación entre los auditores especializados en la industria y la gestión de ganancias reales (REM) es moderada por la independencia de los auditores. A partir de una muestra de empresas malasias que cotizan en bolsa para el período comprendido entre 2009 y 2016, los resultados indican que las empresas con auditores especializados son menos propensas a practicar REM. Sin embargo, esta asociación negativa es menos pronunciada cuando la independencia del auditor especialista es baja, lo que sugiere que la presencia de vínculos económicos entre el auditor especialista y el cliente puede permitir que el auditor sea lo suficientemente laxo como para alinearse con los intereses de un auditado económicamente importante. Nuestros resultados siguen siendo sólidos tras controlar la endogeneidad y el sesgo de autoselección y realizar varios análisis adicionales. Este estudio es el primero que demuestra que la independencia de los auditores puede moderar la eficacia de los auditores especializados en el sector a la hora de mitigar las prácticas REM. Los resultados tienen implicaciones para que los responsables políticos mejoren la actual estructura de regulación de las profesiones de auditoría y contabilidad. Los resultados también aportan nuevos conocimientos sobre la asociación entre la calidad de la auditoría, el REM y la independencia del auditor en una economía emergente.
Measuring blood glucose before or after lumbar puncture
Authors: Shi Kaili , Li Xue , Li Ying , Tan Xiaohua , Zheng Kelu , Chen Wenxiong , Li Xiaojing 
Published: July 2023

Background
The ratio of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to peripheral blood glucose at the same period is an important index for diagnosing and monitoring the efficacy of central nervous system infection, especially bacterial meningitis. Some guidelines refer that blood glucose measurement should be carried out before lumbar puncture. The main reason is to avoid possible effect of stress response induced by lumbar puncture on the level of blood glucose. However, there is no consensus on whether it should be followed in actual clinical work, since up to now no research work having been published on whether lumbar puncture will induce the changes on blood glucose. Our study aimed to investigate the changes of peripheral blood glucose before and after lumbar puncture.

Methods
In order to clarify the influence of timing of peripheral blood glucose measurement at the same period of lumbar puncture, a prospective study was conducted including children with an age range from 2 months to 12 years old in the neurology department of a medical center. For those children who need lumbar puncture due to their illness, their blood glucose was measured within 5 min before and after lumbar puncture, respectively. The blood glucose level and the ratio of CSF to blood glucose before and after lumbar puncture were compared. Meanwhile, the patients were divided into different groups according to the factors of sex, age and sedation or not for further comparison. All statistical analyses of the data were performed using SPSS version 26.0 for Windows.

Results
In total, 101 children who needed lumbar puncture during hospitalization from January 1, 2021, to October 1, 2021, were recruited with 65 male and 36 female respectively. There was no significant difference on the level of blood glucose, CSF to blood glucose ratio before and after lumbar puncture among the children (p > 0.05). No differences were observed within different groups (sex, age, sedation or not) either.

Conclusion
It is unnecessary to emphasize blood glucose measurement should be carried out before lumbar puncture, especially for pediatric patients. From the perspective of facilitating smoother cerebrospinal fluid puncture in children, blood glucose measurement after lumbar puncture might be a better choice.
Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Armstrong David G. , Tan Tze-Woei , Boulton Andrew J. M. , Bus Sicco A. 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceApproximately 18.6 million people worldwide are affected by a diabetic foot ulcer each year, including 1.6 million people in the United States. These ulcers precede 80% of lower extremity amputations among people diagnosed with diabetes and are associated with an increased risk of death.ObservationsNeurological, vascular, and biomechanical factors contribute to diabetic foot ulceration. Approximately 50% to 60% of ulcers become infected, and about 20% of moderate to severe infections lead to lower extremity amputations. The 5-year mortality rate for individuals with a diabetic foot ulcer is approximately 30%, exceeding 70% for those with a major amputation. The mortality rate for people with diabetic foot ulcers is 231 deaths per 1000 person-years, compared with 182 deaths per 1000 person-years in people with diabetes without foot ulcers. People who are Black, Hispanic, or Native American and people with low socioeconomic status have higher rates of diabetic foot ulcer and subsequent amputation compared with White people. Classifying ulcers based on the degree of tissue loss, ischemia, and infection can help identify risk of limb-threatening disease. Several interventions reduce risk of ulcers compared with usual care, such as pressure-relieving footwear (13.3% vs 25.4%; relative risk, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.28-0.84), foot skin measurements with off-loading when hot spots (ie, greater than 2 °C difference between the affected foot and the unaffected foot) are found (18.7% vs 30.8%; relative risk, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.31-0.84), and treatment of preulcer signs. Surgical debridement, reducing pressure from weight bearing on the ulcer, and treating lower extremity ischemia and foot infection are first-line therapies for diabetic foot ulcers. Randomized clinical trials support treatments to accelerate wound healing and culture-directed oral antibiotics for localized osteomyelitis. Multidisciplinary care, typically consisting of podiatrists, infectious disease specialists, and vascular surgeons, in close collaboration with primary care clinicians, is associated with lower major amputation rates relative to usual care (3.2% vs 4.4%; odds ratio, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.32-0.51). Approximately 30% to 40% of diabetic foot ulcers heal at 12 weeks, and recurrence after healing is estimated to be 42% at 1 year and 65% at 5 years.Conclusions and RelevanceDiabetic foot ulcers affect approximately 18.6 million people worldwide each year and are associated with increased rates of amputation and death. Surgical debridement, reducing pressure from weight bearing, treating lower extremity ischemia and foot infection, and early referral for multidisciplinary care are first-line therapies for diabetic foot ulcers.
Trends in State-Level Maternal Mortality by Racial and Ethnic Group in the United States
Authors: Fleszar Laura G. , Bryant Allison S. , Johnson Catherine O. , Blacker Brigette F. , Aravkin Aleksandr , Baumann Mathew , Dwyer-Lindgren Laura , Kelly Yekaterina O. , Maass Kelsey , Zheng Peng , Roth Gregory A. 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceEvidence suggests that maternal mortality has been increasing in the US. Comprehensive estimates do not exist. Long-term trends in maternal mortality ratios (MMRs) for all states by racial and ethnic groups were estimated.ObjectiveTo quantify trends in MMRs (maternal deaths per 100 000 live births) by state for 5 mutually exclusive racial and ethnic groups using a bayesian extension of the generalized linear model network.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsObservational study using vital registration and census data from 1999 to 2019 in the US. Pregnant or recently pregnant individuals aged 10 to 54 years were included.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMMRs.ResultsIn 2019, MMRs in most states were higher among American Indian and Alaska Native and Black populations than among Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Other Pacific Islander; Hispanic; and White populations. Between 1999 and 2019, observed median state MMRs increased from 14.0 (IQR, 5.7-23.9) to 49.2 (IQR, 14.4-88.0) among the American Indian and Alaska Native population, 26.7 (IQR, 18.3-32.9) to 55.4 (IQR, 31.6-74.5) among the Black population, 9.6 (IQR, 5.7-12.6) to 20.9 (IQR, 12.1-32.8) among the Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Other Pacific Islander population, 9.6 (IQR, 6.9-11.6) to 19.1 (IQR, 11.6-24.9) among the Hispanic population, and 9.4 (IQR, 7.4-11.4) to 26.3 (IQR, 20.3-33.3) among the White population. In each year between 1999 and 2019, the Black population had the highest median state MMR. The American Indian and Alaska Native population had the largest increases in median state MMRs between 1999 and 2019. Since 1999, the median of state MMRs has increased for all racial and ethnic groups in the US and the American Indian and Alaska Native; Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Other Pacific Islander; and Black populations each observed their highest median state MMRs in 2019.Conclusion and RelevanceWhile maternal mortality remains unacceptably high among all racial and ethnic groups in the US, American Indian and Alaska Native and Black individuals are at increased risk, particularly in several states where these inequities had not been previously highlighted. Median state MMRs for the American Indian and Alaska Native and Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Other Pacific Islander populations continue to increase, even after the adoption of a pregnancy checkbox on death certificates. Median state MMR for the Black population remains the highest in the US. Comprehensive mortality surveillance for all states via vital registration identifies states and racial and ethnic groups with the greatest potential to improve maternal mortality. Maternal mortality persists as a source of worsening disparities in many US states and prevention efforts during this study period appear to have had a limited impact in addressing this health crisis.
Frailty and Outcomes Following Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Perioperative Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Allen Matthew B. , Orkaby Ariela R. , Justice Samuel , Hall Daniel E. , Hu Frances Y. , Cooper Zara , Bernacki Rachelle E. , Bader Angela M. 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceFrailty is associated with mortality following surgery and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for in-hospital cardiac arrest. Despite the growing focus on frailty as a basis for preoperative risk stratification and concern that CPR in patients with frailty may border on futility, the association between frailty and outcomes following perioperative CPR is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the association between frailty and outcomes following perioperative CPR.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis longitudinal cohort study of patients used the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, including more than 700 participating hospitals in the US, from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2020. Follow-up duration was 30 days. Patients 50 years or older undergoing noncardiac surgery who received CPR on postoperative day 0 were included; patients were excluded if data required to determine frailty, establish outcome, or perform multivariable analyses were missing. Data were analyzed from September 1, 2022, through January 30, 2023.ExposuresFrailty defined as Risk Analysis Index (RAI) of 40 or greater vs less than 40.Outcomes and MeasuresThirty-day mortality and nonhome discharge.ResultsAmong the 3149 patients included in the analysis, the median age was 71 (IQR, 63-79) years, 1709 (55.9%) were men, and 2117 (69.2%) were White. Mean (SD) RAI was 37.73 (6.18), and 792 patients (25.9%) had an RAI of 40 or greater, of whom 534 (67.4%) died within 30 days of surgery. Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for race, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, sepsis, and emergency surgery demonstrated a positive association between frailty and mortality (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.35 [95% CI, 1.11-1.65]; P = .003). Spline regression analysis demonstrated steadily increasing probability of mortality and nonhome discharge with increasing RAI above 37 and 36, respectively. Association between frailty and mortality following CPR varied by procedure urgency (AOR for nonemergent procedures, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.23-1.97]; AOR for emergent procedures, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.68-1.37]; P = .03 for interaction). An RAI of 40 or greater was associated with increased odds of nonhome discharge compared with an RAI of less than 40 (AOR, 1.85 [95% CI, 1.31-2.62]; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that although roughly 1 in 3 patients with an RAI of 40 or greater survived at least 30 days following perioperative CPR, higher frailty burden was associated with increased mortality and greater risk of nonhome discharge among survivors. Identifying patients who are undergoing surgery and have frailty may inform primary prevention strategies, guide shared decision-making regarding perioperative CPR, and promote goal-concordant surgical care.
Global, Regional, and National Epidemiology of Diabetes in Children From 1990 to 2019
Authors: Zhang Kexin , Kan Chengxia , Han Fang , Zhang Jingwen , Ding Chuanhua , Guo Zhentao , Huang Na , Zhang Yang , Hou Ningning , Sun Xiaodong 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceDiabetes in children is a global epidemic that causes various medical conditions associated with an increased incidence of premature death.ObjectiveTo investigate the trends in diabetes incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in children, with risk factors for diabetes-associated death, from 1990 to 2019.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a cross-sectional study that used data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2019 in 204 countries and territories. Children with diabetes who were aged 0 to 14 years were included in the analysis. Data were analyzed from December 28, 2022, to January 10, 2023.ExposureChildhood diabetes from 1990 to 2019.Main Outcome MeasuresIncidence, all-cause and cause-specific deaths, DALYs, and corresponding estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs). These trends were stratified according to region, country, age, sex, and Sociodemographic Index (SDI).ResultsA total of 1 449 897 children (738 923 male [50.96%]) were included in the analysis. In 2019, there were 227 580 incident cases of childhood diabetes worldwide. Cases of childhood diabetes increased by 39.37% (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 30.99%-45.45%) from 1990 to 2019. Over 3 decades, diabetes-associated deaths decreased from 6719 (95% UI, 4823-8074) to 5390 (95% UI, 4450-6507). The global incidence rate increased from 9.31 (95% UI, 6.56-12.57) to 11.61 (95% UI, 7.98-15.98) per 100 000 population; however, the diabetes-associated death rate decreased from 0.38 (95% UI, 0.27-0.46) to 0.28 (95% UI, 0.23-0.33) per 100 000 population. Among the 5 SDI regions, the low SDI region had the highest childhood diabetes-associated mortality rate in 2019. Regionally, North Africa and the Middle East had the largest increase in incidence (EAPC, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.94-2.17). Among 204 countries, Finland had the highest national incidence of childhood diabetes in 2019 (31.60 per 100 000 population; 95% UI, 22.65-40.36), Bangladesh had the highest diabetes-associated mortality rate (1.16 per 100 000 population; 95% UI, 0.51-1.70), and the United Republic of Tanzania had the highest DALYs rate (100.16 per 100 000 population; 95% UI, 63.01-155.88). Globally, environmental/occupational risk, nonoptimal temperature, high temperature, and low temperature were key risk factors for childhood diabetes-associated mortality in 2019.Conclusions and RelevanceChildhood diabetes is an increasing global health challenge with rising incidence. Results of this cross-sectional study suggest that despite the global decline in deaths and DALYs, the number of deaths and DALYs remains high among children with diabetes, especially in low SDI regions. Improved understanding of the epidemiology of diabetes in children may facilitate prevention and control.
Epoxy Compounds—Olefin Oxides (Ethylene Oxide, Propylene Oxide, and Miscellaneous Oxides)
Authors: Klapacz Joanna , Doskey Claire 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis chapter discusses the chemistry, uses, health information, and industrial hygiene handling procedures of epoxides, that is, substances containing strained, three‐membered rings with two adjacent carbons and one oxygen atom. This functionality underlies epoxides' high reactivity, physicochemical properties, and toxicity. The majority of the content is dedicated to ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, but other epoxides are also of industrial interest and are described here; their databases have evolved over the last couple of decades and this new understanding is highlighted here. These are 1,2‐butylene oxide, 2,3‐epoxybutane, butadiene diepoxide, vinylcyclohexene monoxide, vinylcyclohexene dioxide, and styrene oxide.