bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, handgrip strength and nutritional status in geriatric patients
Authors: Epçaçan Elif , Gönül İdil , Bayram Hatice Merve , Gürbüz Murat 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
This study aims to examine the relationship between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), handgrip strength (HGS) and nutritional status in non-critically ill patients and outpatients.

Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 geriatric patients. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form, Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, some anthropometric and biochemical parameters. NLR was calculated from the complete blood count results. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0.

Findings
While 38.3% of patients were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition, 61.7% had normal nutritional status. Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form was not correlated with NLR, whereas it showed a weak positive correlation with HGS. According to the logistic regression analysis, age, HGS, hemoglobin and platelet to lymphocyte ratio were significant independent factors for predicting malnutrition or risk of malnutrition. The receiver operator characteristic curve analysis showed that the optimum HGS cut-off point for patients with malnourished or at risk of malnutrition was 13.2. In conclusion, HGS was associated with the nutritional status. NLR was not associated with nutritional status but associated with nutritional risk.

Originality/value
It is well known that malnutrition is a serious health problem among older adults, and it is important to assess the nutritional status of older adults because of the adverse health effects. In addition, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to determine the relationship between NLR, HGS and nutritional status in non-critically ill patients and outpatients.
Evolutionary history and intraspecific competition mediate ballistic seed dispersal
Authors: Kaproth Matthew A. , Eppinga Maarten B. , Molofsky Jane 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Dispersal plays an important role in the survival and spread of plant populations. However, when grown under stress, a plants' architecture and fecundity may be modified, which can compromise seed dispersal. While populations within a species exhibit trait variation in response to their environment, a mechanistic understanding of how trade‐offs between dispersal ability and competitive ability vary across species' ranges is currently lacking.

Using a common garden design, populations of a widespread weedy species (Cardamine hirsuta) were grown to (1) characterize how traits that influence dispersal differ between populations and (2) identify whether a trade‐off between dispersal ability and competitive ability varies among populations in response to intraspecific competition. We measured trait differences between populations and characterized dispersal kernels through exhaustively capturing seeds.

In the absence of competition, populations exhibited differences in fecundity and height. Of these traits, fecundity varied more strongly between populations and had a stronger influence on dispersal capacity.

The experimental data were then used to parameterize cellular automaton models to explore the consequences of these trait‐mediated dispersal responses for long‐term population dynamics. These simulations identified intraspecific competitive effects on fecundity as the primary driver of variation in spread and patch density among populations.

Within‐species variation of dispersal traits occurs among populations across the range of C. hirsuta. In response to conspecific competition, populations also have unequal fecundity and long‐distance dispersal (LDD). Model simulations suggest predictions of species spread are highly modified by characterization of metapopulation life‐history traits such as high fecundity and maintenance of LDD. These mechanisms creating within‐species variation would be important to incorporate in population models of species range expansion and stability.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Soil nutrients cause threefold increase in pathogen and herbivore impacts on grassland plant biomass
Authors: Zaret Max , Kinkel Linda , Borer Elizabeth T. , Seabloom Eric W. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

A combination of theory and experiments predicts that increasing soil nutrients will modify herbivore and microbial impacts on ecosystem carbon cycling.

However, few studies of herbivores and soil nutrients have measured both ecosystem carbon fluxes and carbon pools. Even more rare are studies manipulating microbes and nutrients that look at ecosystem carbon cycling responses.

We added nutrients to a long‐term, experiment manipulating foliar fungi, soil fungi, mammalian herbivores and arthropods in a low fertility grassland. We measured gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER), net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and plant biomass throughout the growing season to determine how nutrients modify consumer impacts on ecosystem carbon cycling.

Nutrient addition increased above‐ground biomass and GPP, but not ER, resulting in an increase in ecosystem carbon uptake rate. Reducing foliar fungi and arthropods increased plant biomass. Nutrients amplified consumer effects on plant biomass, such that arthropods and foliar fungi had a threefold larger impact on above‐ground biomass in fertilized plots.

Synthesis. Our work demonstrates that throughout the growing season soil resources modify carbon uptake rates as well as animal and fungal impacts on plant biomass production. Taken together, ongoing nutrient pollution may increase ecosystem carbon uptake and drive fungi and herbivores to have larger impacts on plant biomass production.
Business continuity management and organizational resilience: A small and medium enterprises (SMEs) perspective
Authors: De Matteis Jacopo , Elia Gianluca , Del Vecchio Pasquale 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the current complex and uncertain scenarios, organizations are increasingly subjected to hazardous events and threats, which can be critical for their business operations and performance. In these settings, organizations are likely to experience high‐cost impact if they are unprepared when a crisis strikes. This is more challenging for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that, due to their limited organizational and financial resources, are called to be resilient providing an effective response to such threats to safeguard the interests of key stakeholders and protect their reputation and brand. Business continuity management (BCM) is commonly known as one of the most effective processes used by organizations to cope with emergencies to continue or resume business operations, thus contributing to strengthen the organizational resilience (OR). Based on a critical literature review, this study provides an overview of BCM by highlighting the main implementation requirements, challenges, and contribution to enhance the OR. It also proposes a conceptual framework that shows how BCM is functional to and strongly connected with OR, especially for SMEs. Finally, implications for scholars, practitioners, and policy‐makers are provided to recall the main research evidence and inspire future investigations.
Generative artificial intelligence: Can ChatGPT write a quality abstract?
Authors: Babl Franz E , Babl Maximilian P 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChatGPT is a generative artificial intelligence chatbot which may have a role in medicine and science. We investigated if the freely available version of ChatGPT can produce a quality conference abstract using a fictitious but accurately calculated data table as applied by a non‐medically trained person. The resulting abstract was well written without obvious errors and followed the abstract instructions. One of the references was fictitious, known as ‘hallucination’. ChatGPT or similar programmes, with careful review of the product by authors, may become a valuable scientific writing tool. The scientific and medical use of generative artificial intelligence, however, raises many questions.
Formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples help to investigate transcriptomic responses in wildlife disease
Authors: Miller Allison K. , Brosnahan Cara L. , Pande Anjali , Baker Cindy F. , Geoghegan Jemma L. , Kitson Jane , Gemmell Neil J. , Dowle Edwina J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInfectious diseases impact numerous organisms. Knowledge of host‐pathogen interactions and host responses to infection is crucial for conservation and management. Obtaining this knowledge quickly is made increasingly possible by a variety of genomic approaches, yet, for many species the bottleneck to understanding this, remains access to appropriate samples and data. Lack of sample availability has also limited our understanding of how pathogens and the immune responses of hosts change over time. Archival materials may provide a way to explore pathogen emergence and host responses over multiple—possibly hundreds—of years. Here, we tested whether formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue samples could be used to understand an unknown pathology, lamprey reddening syndrome (LRS), affecting pouched lampreys (Geotria australis). Our differential expression analyses of dermal tissues from four unaffected lampreys and eight affected lampreys collected in 2012 alluded to several potential agents associated with LRS. Interestingly, the pathways associated with viral infections were overrepresented in affected versus unaffected lamprey. Gene ontology analyses of the affected and non‐affected lampreys also provided new insights into the largely understudied immune responses of pouched lampreys. Our work confirms that FFPE samples can be used to infer information about the transcriptional responses of a wildlife species affected by unknown historical pathologies/syndromes. In addition, the use of FFPE samples for transcriptomics offers many opportunities to investigate the genomic responses of a species to a variety of environmental changes. We conclude with a discussion about how to best sample and utilize these unique archival resources for future wildlife transcriptomic studies.
Development and internal validation of nomograms based on plasma metabolites to predict non‐small cell lung cancer risk in smoking and nonsmoking populations
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wang Cuicui , Li Chenwei , Zhao Hui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer has significantly higher incidence and mortality rates worldwide. In this study, we analyzed the metabolic profiles of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and constructed prediction models for smokers and nonsmokers with internal validation.MethodsPlasma was collected from all patients enrolled for metabolic profiling by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The total population was divided into two groups according to smoking or not. Statistical analysis of metabolites was performed separately for each group and prediction models were constructed.ResultsA total of 1723 patients (1109 NSCLC patients and 614 healthy controls) were enrolled from the affiliated hospital during 2018 to 2021. After grouping by smoking history, each group was statistically analyzed and prediction models were constructed, which resulted in eight indicators (propionylcarnitine, arginine, citrulline, etc.) significantly associated with lung cancer risk for smokers and eight indicators (dodecanoylcarnitine, hydroxybutyrylcarnitine, asparagine, etc.) for nonsmokers (p < 0.05). The smoker model indicated an AUC of 0.860 in the training set and 0.850 in the validation set. The nonsmoker model showed an AUC of 0.783 in the training set and 0.762 in the validation set. Further calibration tests for both models indicated excellent goodness‐of‐fit results.ConclusionsIn this study, we found a series of metabolites significantly associated with lung cancer incidence and constructed respectively prediction models for NSCLC risk in smokers and nonsmokers, with internal validation to confirm the efficiency to discriminate lung cancer risk in both smoking and nonsmoking states.
A Knowledge Synthesis of Anti‐Black Racism in Accounting Research*†
Authors: Ufodike Akolisa , Egbe Inya , Ogharanduku Bridget Efeoghene , Akinyemi Temitope Edward 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThis structured literature review synthesizes studies that have investigated questions related to anti‐Black racism—namely, the discrimination and marginalization of Black people—in the accountancy literature and identifies opportunities for future research. This study is part of a larger research project that reviewed 161 articles and identified four themes relevant to accounting research on discrimination in general: anti‐Black racism, imperialism and postcolonialism, intersectionality, and diversity. Based on the 25 anti‐Black racism articles reviewed, this paper finds four key subthemes: demand for accountancy services and racial discrimination in accountancy practice, the racialization of professional accounting qualifications, Black professionals in academia, and the supply‐side fallacy. Furthermore, because studies at the intersection of anti‐Black racism and accounting are limited, this study proposes future research directions that will advance knowledge on various topics related to anti‐Black racism.
The unmarked R package: Twelve years of advances in occurrence and abundance modelling in ecology
Authors: Kellner Kenneth F. , Smith Adam D. , Royle J. Andrew , Kéry Marc , Belant Jerrold L. , Chandler Richard B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSpecies distribution models (SDMs) are widely applied to understand the processes governing spatial and temporal variation in species abundance and distribution but often do not account for measurement errors such as false negatives and false positives.We describeunmarked, a package for the freely available and open‐source R software that provides a complete workflow for modelling species distribution and abundance while explicitly accounting for measurement errors. Here we focus on recent advances inunmarkedfunctionality to support multi‐species, multi‐state, and multi‐season data, as well as support for fitting models with random effects.For illustration, we present an analysis of Acadian FlycatcherEmpidonax virescensabundance on Roanoke River National Wildlife Refuge, North Carolina, USA, over 18 years. We found that Acadian Flycatcher abundance was initially greater in hardwood plantation habitat relative to bottomland hardwood forest along river levees but that abundance declined over time in both habitats.We plan forunmarkeddevelopment to keep pace with advances in hierarchical modelling in ecology, including better handling of continuous‐time data from camera trap and automated recording units and integrated models for multiple data streams.
Latvia: Political Developments and Data in 2022
Authors: IKSTENS JĀNIS 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe intensification of Russia's war in Ukraine heavily conditioned Latvian politics in 2022. Not only did politicians become more responsive to public calls to proceed with the de‐Russification of the public sphere but also major resources were committed to supporting Ukraine with military and humanitarian aid. In the run‐up to the parliamentary elections in October, which drastically altered the political landscape, the war overshadowed issues related to the management of the COVID‐19 pandemic and rampant inflation.
Effect of various factors on energy drinks consumption, and their connection with alcohol consumption
Authors: Nowak Dariusz , Czarnecki Damian , Świątek Agnieszka , Ziółkowski Marcin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEnergy drinks (EDs) have become widely popular among adolescents and young adults. Excessive consumption of EDs can lead to ED abuse and alcohol abuse. Therefore, this study has aimed to analyse the consumption of EDs in a group of patients suffering from alcohol dependence and among young adults, considering such issues as the amounts consumed, underlying reasons and threats arising from excessive consumption of ED and their mixing with alcohol (AmED). The study included 201 men (101 patients treated due to alcohol dependence and 100 young adults/students). Each research participant responded to questions in a survey designed by the researchers (socio‐demographic data, clinical data, including consumption of ED, AmED and alcohol), the MAST and SADD. The participants also had their arterial blood pressure measured. EDs were consumed by 92% of the patients and 52% of young adults. A statistically significant dependence was confirmed between consumption of ED and tobacco smoking (p < 0.001), as well as the place of residence (p = 0.044). For 22% of the patients, ED consumption had an effect on alcohol consumption, where 7% admitted to feeling an increased urge to drink alcohol, and 15% said ED consumption decreased it. A statistically significant relationship (p < 0.001) was also shown between ED consumption and the consumption of EDs mixed with alcohol (AmED). This study may implicate that widespread consumption of EDs predisposes to the consumption of alcohol mixed with ED or separate.
Seasonal changes in the dietary compositions of rusa deer in Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Takatsuki Seiki , Tsuji Yamato , Widayati Kanthi Arum , Suryobroto Bambang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInformation regarding the food habits of tropical cervids is limited. We studied the food habits of rusa deer (Rusa timorensis), a tropical cervid in the Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia. The faecal composition of the rusa deer collected over a year was analysed using microscopy of plant fragments. The results showed marked seasonal changes: in the rainy season, the rusa deer mainly fed on Cynodon dactylon, a lawn‐like grass, which accounted for approximately 50% of the faecal composition. During the dry season, C. dactylon in the faeces decreased to approximately 20%, while the composition of fruits increased, suggesting that food conditions for the deer were better in this season. This pattern differs from that of temperate cervids which can feed on abundant plant leaves during summer but are forced to consume low‐quality foods such as bark and dead leaves during winter.
Circadian and seasonal flight activity differences between the sexes of the biocontrol agent Eadya daenerys (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the impact of host size on adult emergence
Authors: Smart Rebekah , Quarrell Stephen R. , Corkrey Ross , Withers Toni M. , Pugh Andrew R. , Satchell Dean , Allen Geoff R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSince its accidental introduction into New Zealand in 1916, the invasive eucalypt leaf beetle Paropsis charybdis remains a pest of economic significance to Eucalyptus forestry. For this reason, the braconid parasitoid Eadya daenerys has been approved for release as a classical biological control agent. To aid in field monitoring using hand netting of biocontrol releases and laboratory rearing protocols, the flight activity over 6 a year field research program of E. daenerys and the relationships between the parasitoid and the size of its beetle hosts were evaluated in the country of origin. Wasps were observed flying over 32 days from mid‐November to mid‐December in Tasmania. E. daenerys was found to exhibit a morning‐based scramble competition mating system. Females flying in the early morning had lower mature egg loads (134.2 ± 27.6) than at other times of the day. In the first half of the season, male flight was most often seen in the early morning, whereas in the second half of the season, there was a 4.5‐fold decrease in any wasps flying. Female flight activity significantly increased to 70% female in the evening hours from 5:00 pm to 8:00 pm, which by the second half of the season was almost exclusively female. Wasps were caught flying across a wide range of air temperatures (10.7–23.8°C), humidity and light levels, but even light winds reduced flight when average wind speed exceeded 0.27 m/s for males and 0.73 m/s for females. Beetle prepupal weight was a predictor of E. daenerys parasitism success with mean beetle prepupal weights significantly higher for stung but unsuccessfully parasitised larva (62.09 mg) than those successfully parasitised (52.94 mg). The chance of an emerged wasp larva spinning a pupal cocoon was found to increase by 5% with every 1‐mg increase in its beetle prepupal weight. Heavier beetle prepupae produced bigger parasitoids. Field‐collected adult E. daenerys had larger (12%) head capsule widths (mean of 1.42 mm) than those reared in the laboratory (mean of 1.27 mm), suggesting that improving host nutrition and laboratory rearing conditions for increasing host size may help optimise E. daenerys rearing success.
Fatal granulomatous amebic encephalitis initially presenting with a cutaneous lesion
Authors: Gramp Prudence E. , Dooley John , O'Brien Blake , Jones Andrew , Tan Leong , Robson Jennifer , Robertson Thomas , Simos Peter , Fuller Robert , Gramp Dallas V. , Meumann Ella M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe present a case of a 66‐year‐old man with a cutaneous Balamuthia mandrillaris lesion that progressed to fatal granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. We provide a summary of Australian cases and describe the clinical features and approach to diagnosing this rare but devastating condition, including the importance of PCR for diagnosis.
The role of line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT) in the diagnosis of eccrine poroma: A case report
Authors: Maione Vincenzo , Bighetti Stefano , Bettolini Luca , Zambelli Claudia , Calzavara‐Pinton Piergiacomo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPoroma is skin cancer that arises from the sweat gland cells. Its diagnosis could be difficult. Line‐field optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT) is a novel imaging technique that has shown promise in the diagnosis and monitoring of various skin conditions. We report a case of poroma diagnosed by LC‐OCT.
Nine cases of chronic hand and foot eczema treated with baricitinib
Authors: Lee Sang‐Doo , Ahn Hye‐Jin , Shin Min Kyung 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChronic hand and foot eczema (CHFE) is a common inflammatory disorder that generally lasts for over 3 months. If it is intractable to topical agents, systemic immunomodulators can be considered; however, they are not suitable for long‐term management because of their adverse effects. Baricitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis. However, its effect on CHFE has rarely been described. Herein, we report nine cases of recalcitrant CHFE that were treated with baricitinib after an inadequate response to low‐dose ciclosporin. All patients had more than moderate improvement within 2–8 weeks without serious adverse effects.