bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concomitant Treatment of Tuberculosis and Hepatitis C Virus in Coinfected Patients Using Serum Drug Concentration Monitoring
Authors: Ashkin Alex , Alexis Afe , Ninneman Megan , Tresgallo Rene Rico , Ashkin David , Peloquin Charles A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Concern for drug-drug interactions leading to treatment failure and drug-resistant strains have discouraged clinicians from attempting concomitant treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and tuberculosis (TB). Increased metabolism of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) by rifamycins has hindered concurrent use. Development of an assay for ledipasvir and sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) serum concentrations for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can ensure adequate therapy. We present the first cases of concomitant therapy of active TB and HCV with rifamycin-containing regimens and DAAs using TDM.

Methods
Using TDM, we aim to determine whether concomitant therapy with rifamycin-containing regimens and DAAs is safe and effective for patients coinfected with TB and HCV. Five individuals with TB and HCV who experienced transaminitis before or during TB therapy were concomitantly treated with rifamycin-containing regimens and LDV/SOF. Therapeutic drug monitoring was performed for LDV, SOF, and rifabutin during therapy. Baseline laboratory tests and serial liver enzymes were performed. Hepatitis C virus viral load and mycobacterial sputum cultures were obtained upon completion of therapy to determine efficacy of therapy.

Results
All patients were found to have nondetectable HCV viral loads and negative mycobacterial sputum cultures upon completion of therapy. No clinically significant adverse effects were reported.

Conclusions
These cases illustrate concomitant use of LDV/SOF and rifabutin in patients with HCV/TB coinfection. Utilizing serum drug concentration monitoring to guide dosing, correction of transaminitis were achieved, which allowed the use rifamycin-containing TB therapy. These findings suggest that concomitant therapy of TB/HCV is possible, safe, and effective.
Thermoelectricity in Ag/Cu-based complex crystal structure minerals with inherent low thermal conductivity
Authors: Rana Kewal Singh , Soni Ajay 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Inherently poor lattice thermal conductivity (κL) is highly desired for applications like thermoelectricity, thermal management in electronics, thermal barrier coatings and refractories. Recently, complex crystalline materials have drawn serious scientific attention because of various interesting underlying physical phenomena which explain the unique thermal properties. In this review, we have discussed various interesting concepts and their consequences leading to ultralow κL in complex bulk chalcogenide minerals having multiple scattering channels for heat-carrying phonons. The primary focus of this review is on the Ag- and Cu-based large unit cell structures with low heat capacity and liquid-like superionic conduction of cations. The Ag/Cu sublattice of these materials that followed the phonon-liquid electron-crystal concept strongly reduces the transportation of phonons and enhances the scattering process. The presence of a large number of atoms in the unit cell results in low acoustic phonons cut-off frequency, robust acoustic–optical phonons scattering, poor sound velocity and strong crystal anharmonicity inside the crystalline lattice.
The National Negro Business League and the Economic Life of Black Entrepreneurs
Authors: Regev Ronny 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article uses the records of the National Negro Business League (NNBL) to examine the economic life and experiences of African American entrepreneurs between 1900 and 1920. Often referred to as the ‘golden age’ of Black business, this era saw the proliferation of African American owned businesses, despite the increase in discrimination and racial persecution that had characterized the United States since the turn of the century. Far from merely a platform to reaffirm the ideology of its founder Booker T. Washington, the League enabled a diverse group of business owners, entrepreneurs and professional men and women to exchange ideas and help one another navigate the segregated and uneven infrastructures of American capitalism. The protocols of the League’s annual conventions offer a window into the world of Black proprietors and shopkeepers. Specifically, the personal accounts delivered at these events reveal the experimental commercial sphere that existed next to the well-established trade and business institutions of corporate capitalism. They also demonstrate that the members of the NNBL were a progressive force: they confounded gender norms by carving a place for women within the formal Black business establishment and they diversified the economic playing field by charting alternative narratives of business success.
Inhaled nitric oxide use in newborns
Authors: Mitra Souvik , Altit Gabriel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), a selective pulmonary vasodilator, is used as a therapeutic modality in infants with hypoxemic respiratory failure (HRF) associated with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). iNO should ideally be initiated following echocardiographic confirmation of PPHN. Use of iNO is recommended in late preterm and term infants who develop HRF despite optimal oxygenation and ventilation strategies. However, routine iNO use in preterm infants on respiratory support is not recommended. iNO may be considered as a rescue modality in preterm infants with early-onset HRF when associated with prolonged rupture of membranes or oligohydramnios, or late-onset HRF in the context of bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated pulmonary hypertension (PH) with severe right ventricular failure. A trial of iNO may also be considered for infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia with persistent HRF despite optimal lung recruitment, and with echocardiographic evidence of supra-systemic PH and adequate left ventricular function.
Current recommendations for management of paediatric diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Gripp Karen E , Trottier Evelyne D , Thakore Sidd , Sniderman Jonathan , Lawrence Sarah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTreatment of paediatric diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) includes careful attention to fluids and electrolytes to minimize the risk of complications such as cerebral injury (CI), which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The incidence of cerebral edema in paediatric DKA has not decreased despite the use of fluid-limiting protocols based on restricting early fluid resuscitation. New evidence suggests that early isotonic fluid therapy does not confer additional risk and may improve outcomes in some patients. Protocols and clinical practice guidelines are being adjusted, with a particular focus on recommendations for initial and ongoing fluids and electrolyte monitoring and replacement. Initial isotonic fluid resuscitation is now recommended for all patients in the first 20 to 30 minutes after presentation, followed by repletion of volume deficit over 36 hours in association with an insulin infusion, electrolyte supplementation, and careful monitoring for and management of potential CI.
Never a Dull Moment: Entropy Risk in Commodity Markets
Authors: Chabi-Yo Fousseni , Doshi Hitesh , Zurita Virgilio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe develop a new approach to determine investors’ risk compensations for all distributional moments of a security. Using the concept of entropy, which is a summary of all moments of a risky security, we derive the relationship between expected returns and their compensation for entropy risk. Entropy risk premium (ERP), which is entropy under the physical minus the risk-neutral measure, indicates the hedging cost against changes in risks associated with all moments of the return’s distribution. Applying our model to the commodity markets, we find that ERP carries economically significant information for the cross-section of returns that is different from individual or combined moments.Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Swiss foundations caught between compliance, control and complaints
Authors: Studen Goran 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Swiss foundations are subject to a wide range of legal and regulatory requirements, including anti-money laundering (AML) and know-your-customer (KYC) rules. These rules and regulations aim to prevent illicit activities such as money laundering, terrorist financing, and tax evasion. However, Swiss foundations often face a difficult balancing act between complying with these rules, avoiding complacency, and managing complaints from stakeholders. This article explores the challenges faced by Swiss foundations in managing these competing priorities.
Clinical and Physician Factors Associated With Failed Operative Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Panelli Danielle M. , Leonard Stephanie A. , Joudi Noor , Judy Amy E. , Bianco Katherine , Gilbert William M. , Main Elliott K. , El-Sayed Yasser Y. , Lyell Deirdre J. 
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To examine clinical and physician factors associated with failed operative vaginal delivery among individuals with nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex (NTSV) births.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective cohort study of individuals with NTSV live births with an attempted operative vaginal delivery by a physician between 2016 and 2020 in California. The primary outcome was cesarean birth after failed operative vaginal delivery, identified using linked diagnosis codes, birth certificates, and physician licensing board data stratified by device type (vacuum or forceps). Clinical and physician-level exposures were selected a priori, defined using validated indices, and compared between successful and failed operative vaginal delivery attempts. Physician experience with operative vaginal delivery was estimated by calculating the number of operative vaginal delivery attempts made per physician during the study period. Multivariable mixed effects Poisson regression models with robust standard errors were used to estimate risk ratios of failed operative vaginal delivery for each exposure, adjusted for potential confounders.

RESULTS:
Of 47,973 eligible operative vaginal delivery attempts, 93.2% used vacuum and 6.8% used forceps. Of all operative vaginal delivery attempts, 1,820 (3.8%) failed; the success rate was 97.3% for vacuum attempts and 82.4% for forceps attempts. Failed operative vaginal deliveries were more likely with older patient age, higher body mass index, obstructed labor, and neonatal birth weight more than 4,000 g. Between 2016 and 2020, physicians who attempted more operative vaginal deliveries were less likely to fail. When vacuum attempts were successful, physicians who conducted them had a median of 45 vacuum attempts during the study period, compared with 27 attempts when vacuum attempts were unsuccessful (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 0.95, 95% CI 0.93–0.96). When forceps attempts were successful, physicians who conducted them had a median of 19 forceps attempts, compared with 11 attempts when forceps attempts were unsuccessful (aRR 0.76, 95% CI 0.64–0.91).

CONCLUSION:
In this large, contemporary cohort with NTSV births, several clinical factors were associated with operative vaginal delivery failure. Physician experience was associated with operative vaginal delivery success, more notably for forceps attempts. These results may provide guidance for physician training in maintenance of operative vaginal delivery skills.
Keeping It Legal: Empowering Physicians and Trainees Through the Creation of State-specific Legal Primers
Authors: Subbarao Shalini , Latimer Katherine , Davis Carolyn , Marko Emily 
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE:
State policies on obstetrics and gynecology issues vary widely across the nation and dramatically affect the care physicians can offer depending on where they practice. A 2020 study demonstrates that many obstetrics and gynecology residents surveyed across the United States felt that their exposure to medical–legal topics was limited. The purpose of this initiative was to create legal primers on state-specific laws regarding obstetric and gynecologic care and evaluate their educational utility for residents and attendings across specialties.

PROJECT SUMMARY:
Ten primers with relevant Virginia state laws and their clinical relevance were created on the following topics: adolescent rights, emergency contraception, expedited partner therapy, mandatory reporting situations, close-in-age exemptions, medical students performing pelvic examinations, abortion, transgender rights, and paternity rights. The primers were presented to residents and attendings in obstetrics and gynecology, family medicine, and emergency medicine. Knowledge pretests and posttests were administered, with an opinion survey on comfort level of topics to assess usefulness of the primers.

OUTCOME:
A total of 49 participants from obstetrics and gynecology and emergency medicine participated in the project. Participants from family medicine were presented the primers before data collection. The mean change in pretest–posttest scores was 3.6 of 10 (SD 1.8, P<.001). A total of 97.9% of participants found the primers very helpful or somewhat helpful. Participants reported an increased comfort level on all 10 topics after participating. Anecdotally, many residents and attendings referenced the primers afterward in clinical situations to guide their practice.

RELEVANCE TO PHYSICIANS IN PRACTICE:
State-specific legal primers are useful learning tools for understanding the nuances of laws regarding obstetric and gynecologic care. These primers can be used as quick resources for providers in difficult clinical situations. They can also be modified to reflect other state laws to reach a wider audience.
Development of a Communication Skills Training to Enhance Effective Team Communication in Oncology
Authors: Parker Patricia A. , Staley Jessica , Rosa William E. , Weiner Richard , Banerjee Smita C. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Effective communication among members of health care teams is essential to provide quality and patient-centered care, yet many people identify this as a challenge. We developed, implemented, and conducted a preliminary evaluation of a training to enhance communication within oncology teams.

Methods:
This training identifies key strategies, communication skills, and process tasks recommended to achieve the goal of using a collaborative approach to navigate communication interactions across members of the hospital team to enhance patient care outcomes and increase team effectiveness. Forty-six advanced practice providers (APPs) participated and completed an evaluation of the module.

Results:
Eighty-three percent of participants identified as female and 61% were White. Eighty-three percent of participants were nurse practitioners and 17% were physician assistants. The module was highly rated. Participants responded that they were satisfied (“agree” or “strongly agree”) on 16 of 17 evaluation items (80% or higher).

Discussion:
APPs were satisfied with the course and found many aspects useful in learning and practicing skills to improve their communication with other team members to enhance their care of patients. Training with this module and other communication approaches are needed for health care professionals of all types to encourage more consistent and meaningful communication with their colleagues to improve patient care.
Regional Workshops to Disseminate Decision Guide to Reduce Potentially Preventable Hospital Transfers: Application of the Diffusion of Innovation Model
Authors: Tappen Ruth M. , Sopcheck Janet , Southard Karen , Hain Debra , Suriaga Armiel 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Medically unnecessary, potentially preventable transfers of nursing home (NH) residents to acute care poses multiple risks for residents. Family and resident insistence on these preventable transfers has not been thoroughly addressed in transfer reduction programs.

Methods:
The Diffusion of Innovation model guided dissemination of an evidence-based patient decision guide that addressed resident and family insistence on hospital transfer. Twenty workshops were held across eight states of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Region IV. All Medicare-certified NHs in Region IV received emailed invitations to the workshops in their states. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected on workshop attendees, the facilities they represented, and response to the workshop including adoption of the Guide and its effect on hospital readmissions.

Results:
Altogether, 1124 facility representatives and affiliated professionals attended the workshops. NH administrators rated the program 4.4 out of 5. Of those who responded, 71% said that they were using the Guide as a result of the workshop; 89% of these said that it was helpful, especially to initiate difficult conversations about end-of-life care and to discuss the care a contemporary NH can provide. Readmission rates dropped 30% in the NHs that reported their results.

Discussion:
The use of the Diffusion of Innovation model was effective in delivering information to a large number of facilities in sufficient detail to implement the Decision Guide. However, the workshop format provided little opportunity to respond to concerns that arose after the workshops, to diffuse the innovation further, or to build sustainability.
Increased accuracy in identifying NAFLD with advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis: independent validation of the Agile 3+ and 4 scores
Authors: Noureddin Mazen , Mena Edward , Vuppalanchi Raj , Samala Niharika , Wong Micaela , Pacheco Fabiana , Polanco Prido , Sakkal Celine , Antaramian Ani , Chang Devon , Noureddin Nabil , Kohli Anita , Harrison Stephen A. , Gawrieh Samer , Alkhouri Naim , Truong Emily 
Published: May 2023

Background and Aims:
We explored 2 novel scores, Agile 3+ and 4, to identify advanced fibrosis (≥F3) and cirrhosis (F4), respectively, in NAFLD and compared their diagnostic performances to liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by vibration-controlled transient elastography and fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) (for Agile 3+).

Approach and Results:
This multicenter study included 548 NAFLD patients with laboratory testing, liver biopsy, and vibration-controlled transient elastography within 6 months. Agile 3+ and 4 were applied and compared with FIB-4 or LSM alone. Goodness of fit was evaluated using a calibration plot and discrimination using area under the receiver operating curve. Area under the receiver operating curves was compared using the Delong test. Dual cutoff approaches were applied to rule out and rule in ≥F3 and F4. Median (interquartile range) age was 58 (15) years. Median body mass index was 33.3 (8.5) kg/m2. Fifty-three percent had type 2 diabetes, 20% had F3, and 26% had F4. Agile 3+ demonstrated an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.85 (0.81; 0.88) similar to that of LSM [0.83 (0.79; 0.86), p=0.142] but significantly higher than that of FIB-4 [0.77 (0.73; 0.81), p<0.0001). Agile 4’s area under the receiver operating curve [0.85 (0.81; 0.88)] was similar to that of LSM [0.85 (0.81; 0.88), p=0.065). However, the percentage of patients with indeterminate results was significantly lower with Agile scores compared with FIB-4 and LSM (Agile 3+: 14% vs. FIB-4: 31% vs. LSM: 13%, p<0.001; Agile 4: 23% vs. LSM: 38%, p<0.001).

Conclusions:
Agile 3+ and 4 are novel vibration-controlled transient elastography–based noninvasive scores that increase accuracy in the identification of advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis respectively and are ideal for clinical use due to a lower percentage of indeterminant outputs compared with FIB-4 or LSM alone.
Bile exosomal miR-182/183-5p increases cholangiocarcinoma stemness and progression by targeting HPGD and increasing PGE2 generation
Authors: Shu Lizhuang , Li Xingyong , Liu Zengli , Li Kangshuai , Shi Anda , Tang Yongchang , Zhao Liming , Huang Lingling , Zhang Zhiyue , Zhang Dong , Huang Shaohui , Lian Shuo , Sheng Guoli , Yan Zhangdi , Zhang Zongli , Xu Yunfei 
Published: May 2023

Background & Aims:
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly lethal malignancy originating from the biliary ducts. Current CCA diagnostic and prognostic assessments cannot satisfy the clinical requirement. Bile detection is rarely performed, and herein, we aim to estimate the clinical significance of bile liquid biopsy by assessing bile exosomal concentrations and components.

Approach & Results:
Exosomes in bile and sera from CCA, pancreatic cancer, and common bile duct stone were identified and quantified by transmission electronmicroscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and nanoFCM. Exosomal components were assessed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and microRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq). Bile exosomal concentration in different diseases had no significant difference, but miR-182-5p and miR-183-5p were ectopically upregulated in CCA bile exosomes. High miR-182/183-5p in both CCA tissues and bile indicates a poor prognosis. Bile exosomal miR-182/183-5p is secreted by CCA cells and can be absorbed by biliary epithelium or CCA cells. With xenografts in humanized mice, we showed that bile exosomal miR-182/183-5p promotes CCA proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by targeting hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in CCA cells and mast cells (MCs), and increasing prostaglandin E2 generation, which stimulates PTGER1 and increases CCA stemness. In single-cell mRNA-seq, hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase is predominantly expressed in MCs. miR-182/183-5p prompts MC to release VEGF-A release from MC by increasing VEGF-A expression, which facilitates angiogenesis.

Conclusions:
CCA cells secret exosomal miR-182/183-5p into bile, which targets hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in CCA cells and MCs and increases prostaglandin E2 and VEGF-A release. Prostaglandin E2 promotes stemness by activating PTGER1. Our results reveal a type of CCA self-driven progression dependent on bile exosomal miR-182/183-5p and MCs, which is a new interplay pattern of CCA and bile.
Prescription Opioid Misuse in Older Adult Surgical Patients
Authors: Dahlem Chin Hwa , Schepis Ty S. , McCabe Sean Esteban , Rank Aaron L. , Kcomt Luisa , McCabe Vita V. , Voepel-Lewis Terri 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The United States and many other developed nations are in the midst of an opioid crisis, with consequent pressure on prescribers to limit opioid prescribing and reduce prescription opioid misuse. This review addresses prescription opioid misuse for older adult surgical populations. We outline the epidemiology and risk factors for persistent opioid use and misuse in older adults undergoing surgery. We also address screening tools and prescription opioid misuse prevention among vulnerable older adult surgical patients (e.g., older adults with a history of an opioid use disorder), followed by clinical management and patient education recommendations. A significant plurality of older adults engaged in prescription opioid misuse obtain opioid medication for misuse from health providers. Thus, nurses can play a critical role in identifying those older adults at a higher risk for misuse and deliver quality care while balancing the need for adequate pain management against the risk for prescription opioid misuse.