bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing CNN‐LSTM hybrid classifier using HCA for biomedical image classification
Authors: Pradhan Ashwini Kumar , Das Kaberi , Mishra Debahuti , Chithaluru Premkumar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn medical science, imaging is the most effective diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Almost all modalities have transitioned to direct digital capture devices, which have emerged as a major future healthcare option. Three diseases such as Alzheimer's (AD), Haemorrhage (HD), and COVID‐19 have been used in this manuscript for binary classification purposes. Three datasets (AD, HD, and COVID‐19) were used in this research out of which the first two, that is, AD and HD belong to brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and the last one, that is, COVID‐19 belongs to Chest X‐Ray (CXR) All of the diseases listed above cannot be eliminated, but they can be slowed down with early detection and effective medical treatment. This paper proposes an intelligent method for classifying brain (MRI) and CXR images into normal and abnormal classes for the early detection of AD, HD, and COVID‐19 based on an ensemble deep neural network (DNN). In the proposed method, the convolutional neural network (CNN) is used for automatic feature extraction from images and long‐short term memory (LSTM) is used for final classification. Moreover, the Hill‐Climbing Algorithm (HCA) is implemented for finding the best possible value for hyper parameters of CNN and LSTM, such as the filter size of CNN and the number of units of LSTM while fixing the other parameters. The data‐set is pre‐processed (resized, cropped, and noise removed) before feeding the train images to the proposed models for accurate and fast learning. Forty‐five MR images of AD, Sixty MR images of HD, and 600 CXR images of COVID‐19 were used for testing the proposed model ‘CNN‐LSTM‐HCA’. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated using six types of statistical assessment metrics such as; Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, F‐measure, ROC, and AUC. The proposed model compared with the other three types of hybrid models such as CNN‐LSTM‐PSO, CNN‐LSTM‐Jaya, and CNN‐LSTM‐GWO and also with state‐of‐art techniques. The overall accuracy of the proposed model received was 98.87%, 85.75%, and 99.1% for COVID‐19, Haemorrhage, and Alzheimer's data sets, respectively.
Comprehensive analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor proteins in human respiratory tissues identifies alveolar macrophages as potential virus entry site
Authors: Bräutigam Konstantin , Reinhard Stefan , Wartenberg Martin , Forster Stefan , Greif Karen , Granai Massimo , Bösmüller Hans , Klingel Karin , Schürch Christian M 
Published: January 2023

AimsCOVID‐19 has had enormous consequences on global health‐care and has resulted in millions of fatalities. The exact mechanism and site of SARS‐CoV‐2 entry into the body remains insufficiently understood. Recently, novel virus receptors were identified, and alveolar macrophages were suggested as a potential viral entry cell type and vector for intra‐alveolar virus transmission. Here, we investigated the protein expression of 10 well‐known and novel virus entry molecules along potential entry sites in humans using immunohistochemistry.Methods and resultsSamples of different anatomical sites from up to 93 patients were incorporated into tissue microarrays. Protein expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2, furin, CD147, C‐type lectin receptors (CD169, CD209, CD299), neuropilin‐1, ASGR1 and KREMEN1 were analysed. In lung tissues, at least one of the three receptors ACE2, ASGR1 or KREMEN1 was expressed in the majority of cases. Moreover, all the investigated molecules were found to be expressed in alveolar macrophages, and co‐localisation with SARS‐CoV‐2 N‐protein was demonstrated using dual immunohistochemistry in lung tissue from a COVID‐19 autopsy. While CD169 and CD209 showed consistent protein expression in sinonasal, conjunctival and bronchiolar tissues, neuropilin‐1 and ASGR1 were mostly absent, suggesting a minor relevance of these two molecules at these specific sites.ConclusionOur results extend recent discoveries indicating a role for these molecules in virus entry at different anatomical sites. Moreover, they support the notion of alveolar macrophages being a potential entry cell for SARS‐CoV‐2.
High‐purity stoichiometric Si3N4 ceramics through trimethylsilyl‐substituted polysilazanes
Authors: Li Tianhao , Zhang Wei , Duan Liantai , Chen Ke , Huang Qing , Li Yinsheng , Huang Zhengren , He Liu , Song Yujie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTrimethylsilyl‐substituted polysilazanes were designed and successfully synthesized. They were used to fabricate high‐purity stoichiometric Si3N4 ceramics through pyrolysis process. Trimethylsilyl groups improved the stability of polysilazanes and easily escaped during pyrolysis, which effectively reduced oxygen and carbon content in the final polymer‐derived Si3N4. The C content of Si3N4 ceramic was below 0.06 wt%, and the O content was below 1.2 wt%. The Si3N4 ceramics remained amorphous up to 1400°C, yet they were completely transformed into α‐Si3N4 at 1500°C. Synergistic effect from low oxygen and carbon content contributed to highly stable amorphous state of Si3N4 till high temperatures. This amorphous Si3N4 ceramics could be used in cutting‐edge technology where high purity is compulsory.
Testing a cost‐affordable microfiltration method to prevent eye formation in cheeses
Authors: Giménez Paula , Bergamini Carina Viviana , Peralta Guillermo Hugo , George Guillermo Andrés , Perotti María Cristina , Hynes Erica Rut 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe naturally occurring microparticles in the cheesemilk are essential for the eye formation in cheeses because they act as eye nuclei. So, their elimination could be a strategy to avoid the eye formation in cheese varieties in which the eyes are considered a defect. The objective of this work was to test the efficiency of a cost‐affordable method, microfiltration through filter bag with 1 μm pore size, for eliminating microparticles from the cheesemilk and so to prevent the undesirable eye formation. For that, cheesemilk was microfiltrated and used to make experimental and control Swiss‐type cheeses with and without the addition of hay microparticles, respectively. These microparticles were added to act as eye nuclei and to promote the eye formation in experimental cheeses, while the absence of microparticles in control cheeses should avoid the eye development. Cheeses were ripened (60 days) in adequate successive steps to allow the gas production by the propionic bacteria included in the starter. Gross composition, pH, and content of carbohydrates and organic acids including propionate were the same in both treatments indicating that similar amounts of CO2 were produced. Despite microfiltration of the milk, control cheeses developed a considerable number of eyes, as well as experimental cheeses, although the eye volume was higher in the last ones. So, the microfiltration with a filter bag was not efficient to prevent eye formation, probably because it did not eliminate all the native nuclei, and therefore is not suitable to our objective.Practical ApplicationsIt have been demonstrated that the presence of microparticles is absolutely needed for the eyes formation because they act as eye nuclei. So, the elimination of these microparticles from the cheesemilk could be a strategy to avoid the unwanted eye formation in some cheese varieties, which is a main problem for small and medium cheese factories. In this way, tangential microfiltration of cheesemilk has been proposed as an appropriate technique to removes naturally occurring microparticles. However, it is a costly method and not entirely widespread. In this work, the performance of a more cost affordable and easily adaptable method: microfiltration through filter bag (not tangential), for eliminating microparticles and so to avoid eye formation in cheese varieties in which the eyes are considered a defect was assessed. However, this methodology did not demonstrate a good performance.
Mindfulness through agency in health consumption: Empirical evidence from committed dietary supplement consumers
Authors: Wang Yun , Neilson Leighann C. , Ji Shaobo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDue to individuals' increasing demand for health promotion, various health‐related consumer goods, like dietary supplements (DS), have flourished in the marketplace as magical solutions to consumers' life problems. Inevitably influenced by various marketplace stakeholders and information sources such as family, friends, brands, and social media influencers, consumers may encounter difficulties making well‐informed health decisions. Based on empirical evidence gleaned from in‐depth interviews with DS consumers, this research contributes to consumer wellness and health promotion research by confirming the role of mindfulness as an agency in distancing individuals from external social noises and enabling them to respond flexibly to inner experiences and desires. We contribute to mindful consumption research by identifying the positive impact of mindfulness on facilitating conscious and independent DS consumption decisions and health practices. Moreover, the daily practices that enable individuals to accumulate mindfulness and the impact of mindfulness on females' perception of beauty are discussed.
Explaining income inequities in tooth loss among Brazilian adults
Authors: Bomfim Rafael Aiello , Constante Helena Mendes , Cascaes Andreia Morales 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the extent to which individual and contextual variables explain income inequities in tooth loss in Brazilian adults.MethodsA nationally representative sample of 65,784 Brazilian adults aged 18–59 who participated in the Brazilian National Health Survey 2019 was analyzed. Self‐reported tooth loss was the outcome. Per capita income was the main exposure, and minimum wage was the cutoff point. Individual covariates included sex, race, and schooling, dental visits, smoking status, use of dental floss, and self‐reported chronic conditions. Contextual covariates included access to treated water and geographic region of residence. Blinder‐Oaxaca decomposition analysis was used to estimate the share of each factor in income‐related tooth loss inequities by age groups.ResultsAge‐standardized tooth loss showed large income inequities. The average difference in tooth loss related to income inequities in the 18‐34‐year‐old group was 0.50 (95% CI 0.39; 0.60), increasing to 4.51 (95% CI 4.09; 4.93) in the 45–59 years. Individual and contextual covariates explained almost 90% of income inequities in the 45–59 year group. Use of dental floss, schooling, and geographic region of residence (a proxy for human development level) had a higher proportion of contribution to the inequities examined.ConclusionsIndividual and contextual covariates (proxy for human development level and water fluoridation coverage) explained a large share of income‐related tooth loss inequities. Tailored strategies to act at both levels can help reduce tooth loss inequities among Brazilian adults.
Development and Validation of the Cognitive Attentional Syndrome Scale 1 Revised–Japanese Version1
Authors: Machida Minori , Tanobe Kaho , Lee Steve K. , Hara Shintaro , Kumano Hiroaki , Tayama Jun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Cognitive Attentional Syndrome Scale 1 Revised (CAS‐1R) is a 10‐item self‐report measure designed to assess dysfunctional metacognition, a transdiagnostic predictor of psychological disorders (e.g., generalized anxiety disorder, major depression disorder). Dysfunctional metacognition is classified into “cognitive attentional syndrome” and “metacognitive beliefs,” and the latter in turn into negative and positive beliefs. We translated the CAS‐1R into Japanese (CAS‐1R‐J) and examined its reliability and validity in a Japanese community sample. We recruited 552 participants via the Internet and received responses from 552 individuals (Time 1) and 112 individuals (Time 2). Of these, the data of 87 individuals were used to examine test–retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the factor structure (three‐factor model) of the CAS‐1R‐J was appropriate. Each subscale showed good internal consistency. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis showed discriminant and incremental validity for anxiety and depressive symptoms, meaning the CAS‐1R‐J is valid to assess state cognitive attentional syndrome and metacognitive beliefs among Japanese individuals.
A Novel Research Tool for Studying Human Associative Learning: Role‐Playing Game Tasks1,2
Authors: Nagaishi Takatoshi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA role‐playing game (RPG) is a video game genre in which players assume the roles of characters in a fictional setting. This study examined the possibility of applying an RPG task to human associative learning. Specifically, it examined latent inhibition and context‐specific latent inhibition using the RPG task. In the RPG task, the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli were a monster and a treasure obtained battling the monster, respectively. Conditioning was conducted by presenting a treasure after a battle. The experimental context was the location where the battle occurred. Participants were asked to make judgments about the extent to which each monster they encountered would likely have a treasure. Prior to conditioning, a treatment of not obtaining a treasure after a battle would make it unlikely to expect the monster to have a treasure, even if it was received after a subsequent battle (i.e., latent inhibition). Furthermore, when the battle location was changed, the latent inhibition disappeared (i.e., context‐specific latent inhibition). These observed phenomena suggested that the RPG task may be employed as a tool to extend research regarding human associative learning.
A Physcomitrella PIN protein acts in spermatogenesis and sporophyte retention
Authors: Lüth Volker M. , Rempfer Christine , van Gessel Nico , Herzog Oliver , Hanser Melanie , Braun Marion , Decker Eva L. , Reski Ralf 
Published: January 2023

Summary

The auxin efflux PIN‐FORMED (PIN) proteins are conserved in all land plants and important players in plant development. In the moss Physcomitrella (Physcomitrium patens), three canonical PINs (PpPINA–C) are expressed in the leafy shoot (gametophore). PpPINA and PpPINB show functional activity in vegetative growth and sporophyte development. Here, we examined the role of PpPINC in the life cycle of Physcomitrella.

We established reporter and knockout lines for PpPINC and analysed vegetative and reproductive tissues using microscopy and transcriptomic sequencing of moss gametangia.

PpPINC is expressed in immature leaves, mature gametangia and during sporophyte development. The sperm cells (spermatozoids) of pinC knockout mutants exhibit increased motility and an altered flagella phenotype. Furthermore, the pinC mutants have a higher portion of differentially expressed genes related to spermatogenesis, increased fertility and an increased abortion rate of premeiotic sporophytes.

Here, we show that PpPINC is important for spermatogenesis and sporophyte retention. We propose an evolutionary conserved way of polar growth during early moss embryo development and sporophyte attachment to the gametophore while suggesting the mechanical function in sporophyte retention of a ring structure, the Lorch ring.
Does short‐term antipsychotic discontinuation of up to 3 weeks worsen symptoms in acute schizophrenia? A pooled analysis of placebo washout data
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroyoshi , Watabe Kei 
Published: January 2023

AimThis study aimed to examine symptom changes during short‐term discontinuation of antipsychotics up to 3 weeks including the placebo washout phase in acute schizophrenia.MethodsThe data from three double‐blind, randomized, controlled trials comparing lurasidone versus placebo in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia were analyzed. Symptom severity was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total and the Clinical Global Impression–Severity scale (CGI‐S) scores. The scores before and after the antipsychotic discontinuation phase were compared, and factors associated with score changes were explored.ResultsAmong 2154 patients participating in the trials, 600 who received antipsychotic monotherapy and completed the antipsychotic discontinuation phase were included in the analysis. No patients received clozapine. The mean duration of the discontinuation phase was 5.9 ± 2.5 days. The PANSS total and CGI‐S scores significantly changed from 94.0 ± 9.5 to 95.4 ± 10.5 (P < 0.001) and from 4.9 ± 0.6 to 4.9 ± 0.7 (P = 0.041), respectively, during this phase; however, the absolute difference was minimal. The score changes were not associated with the type or dose of prior antipsychotics, or the duration or strategy (abrupt vs gradual) of antipsychotic discontinuation.ConclusionsSymptoms may not worsen to a clinically meaningful degree after short‐term discontinuation of non‐clozapine antipsychotics up to 3 weeks in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia, suggesting that antipsychotic efficacy persists at least several days after discontinuation. This finding supports once‐daily dosing regimen of antipsychotics and abrupt antipsychotic discontinuation when switching to another antipsychotic.
Relaxing effects of music and odors on physiological recovery after cognitive stress and unexpected absence of multisensory benefit
Authors: Baccarani Alessia , Donnadieu Sophie , Pellissier Sonia , Brochard Renaud 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSeveral studies have described, often separately, the relaxing effects of music or odor on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. Only a few studies compared the presentation of these stimuli and their interaction within a same experimental protocol. Here, we examined whether relaxing music (slow‐paced classical pieces) and odor (lavender essential oil) either presented in isolation or in combination would facilitate physiological recovery after cognitive stress. We continuously recorded the electrocardiogram to assess the high‐frequency component of heart rate variability (HF‐HRV), an index of parasympathetic activity, and electrodermal activity (EDA), an index of sympathetic activity, 10 min before, during and 30 min after a cognitive stress (i.e., completing timely constrained cognitively demanding tasks) in 99 participants allocated to four recovery conditions (control N = 26, music N = 23, odor N = 24, music+odor N = 26). The stressing event triggered both a significant increase in EDA and decrease in HF‐HRV (compared to baseline). During the recovery period, the odor elicited a greater decrease in EDA compared to an odorless silent control, whereas no difference in HRV was observed. Conversely, during this period, music elicited a greater increase in HF‐HRV compared to control whereas no difference in EDA was observed. Strikingly, in the multimodal music+odor condition, no beneficial effect was observed on ANS indexes 30 min after stress. Overall, our study confirms that both olfactory and musical stimuli have relaxing effects after stress on ANS when presented separately only, which might rely on distinct neural mechanisms and autonomic pathways.
Comparison of ammonia‐N volatilization losses from untreated granular urea and granular urea treated with NutriSphere‐N®
Authors: Harty Mary A. , McDonnell Kevin P. , Whetton Rebecca , Gillespie Gary , Burke James I. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDevelopment of novel methods to inhibit ammonia (NH3) volatilization losses has become a strong research focus to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture and as a potential area for growth in the fertilizer industry. European Union legislation on the regulation of NH3 emission from mineral fertilizers after 2030, will only allow urea fertilizers with reduced NH3 emissions by at least 30% to remain in use. The recent increase in fertilizer prices has also created a renewed impetus to curb these losses. This paper details the results of an experiment comparing the rates of volatilization from granular urea treated with NutriSphere‐N®, untreated urea and an unfertilized control as well as placing the results in context by conducting a review of similar studies featuring NutriSphere‐N®. The study was conducted in a light and temperature‐controlled growth chamber using the chamber built in air flow which collected any NH3 volatilized from a flask containing fresh soil with applied treatment and transported the NH3 to an acid trap where the volatilized NH3 was captured and exhaust air was removed. The experiment ran for 3 weeks and resulting samples were analysed colorimetrically and adjusted for differences in airflow. The temporal results show that urea dominated the flux profile but the pattern of fluxes from the two fertilizer N treatments were similar. When analysed cumulatively over the duration of the experiment, the fluxes from the NutriSphere‐N® treated urea were significantly (p = .018) (86%) lower than untreated urea and were not significantly different from the untreated control (p = .959).
On the number variance of zeta zeros and a conjecture of Berry
Authors: Lugar Meghann Moriah , Milinovich Micah B. , Quesada‐Herrera Emily 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAssuming the Riemann hypothesis, we prove estimates for the variance of the real and imaginary part of the logarithm of the Riemann zeta function in short intervals. We give three different formulations of these results. Assuming a conjecture of Chan for how often gaps between zeros can be close to a fixed non‐zero value, we prove a conjecture of Berry (1988) for the number variance of zeta zeros in the non‐universal regime. In this range, Gaussian unitary ensemble statistics do not describe the distribution of the zeros. We also calculate lower order terms in the second moment of the logarithm of the modulus of the Riemann zeta function on the critical line. Assuming Montgomery's pair correlation conjecture, this establishes a special case of a conjecture of Keating and Snaith (2000).
Cross-Sectorial Learning of Model Testing Methodologies Aligned to Technology TRL
Authors: Leite Anita , Davey Thomas , Dai David , Pillai Ajit C. , Bruce Tom 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a state of the art review of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWT) tank testing in wave basins from the perspective of understanding how different test methodologies currently deployed can be correlated to the development stage of the design being tested. This approach was already adopted by the wave energy sector, however, for the FOWT sector this is not fully developed, and only briefly mentioned in guidance documents.
An open question in the application of aerodynamic loads within wave basin testing is, how complex does it need to be? For wave basin testing facilities, it is important to understand how a test program must be set up to meet the clients’ requirements. The designs being tested may be at different development stages, i.e., different Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) and it is important to understand how the test configuration will impact the clients’ objectives.
Three main tank test campaigns will be performed at FloWave Ocean Energy Research Facility using the UMaine VolturnUS-S reference platform developed for the IEA wind 15-MW offshore reference wind turbine. It will be used as a basis for the development of a staged development approach for the FOWT sector. In preparation for these tests, the present paper explores and evaluates the appropriateness, with relation to TRL, of different methodologies for including aerodynamic loads in wave basin testing of FOWT.