bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVALUACIÓN DEL REANALYSIS (NCEP/NCAR) PARA EL ESTUDIO DE LA VARIABILIDAD TERMO-PLUVIOMÉTRICA DEL NOROESTE ARGENTINO
Authors: Ferrelli Federico , Brendel Andrea Soledad , Piccolo María Cintia 
Published: March 2023

This study aims at assessing the precision of Reanalysis NCEP/NCAR for characterizing the thermal and rainfall variability in Northwest Argentina. Time series registered in situ and downloaded from Reanalysis were processed for the 1960-2020 period. Standard statistical techniques were applied, and subsequently, the spatial variation of temperature and rainfall was studied by applying the Kriging method. Finally, we analyzed both series with quantile regression. We divided the time series into ten quantiles and studied the adjustments. Results evidenced that both temperature and rainfall had statistical adjustments (p < 0.05), indicating that data from Reanalysis allowed the characterization of the spatial distribution of these variables with high accuracy. Air temperature registered higher results than rainfall. Nevertheless, when we studied the extremes, we observed significant differences. The temperature was reasonably adjusted in temperate and arid climates, while rainfalls presented significant results in the middle quantiles but not so in the extreme quantiles. The results obtained are an essential database for climate studies on a regional scale and for the design of land use plans to improve population’s quality of life and the environment.
El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la precisión del modelo numérico Reanalysis NCEP/NCAR para la caracterización de la variabilidad termo-pluviométrica del Noroeste Argentino. Series meteorológicas in situ y modeladas del período 1960-2020 fueron estudiadas con técnicas estadísticas estándar. La variación espacial de la temperatura y la precipitación fue calculada con el método de interpolación Kriging. Un análisis de regresión cuantílica se aplicó a las series de tiempo. Para ello, las series fueron divididas en diez cuantiles y se evaluaron sus ajustes. Los resultados para ambas variables presentaron ajustes estadísticos significativos (p < 0,05), indicando que los datos del modelo Reanálisis permiten caracterizar la distribución espacial de estas variables. La temperatura del aire registró mejores resultados que la precipitación. Sin embargo, al estudiar los eventos extremos, se observaron diferencias importantes. La temperatura mostró buenos ajustes en los climas templados, seguidos por los climas áridos. La precipitación mostró ajustes significativos en los cuantiles medios, pero no así en los cuantiles extremos. Los resultados demostraron que el Reanalysis permite estudiar las características climáticas de la región NOA, pero no sus eventos extremos térmicos y pluviométricos. Además, esta base de datos es esencial para el estudio del clima a escala regional y para el diseño de planes de ordenamiento del territorio.
El personal sanitario frente a la violencia obstétrica. Una primera aproximación para el debate
Authors: Cordones Carmona María , Blázquez Vilaplana María Belén 
Published: March 2023

Normalising, naturalising or silencing the violence that women suffer during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium period is both a common practice and behaviour in many societies, as well as a space for demands. What is known as obstetric violence, despite being recognised as such by different international organisations, continues to be a practice that is denied and, unfortunately, carried out assiduously. Far from turning childbirth into a positive experience, it has negative consequences for the woman in the short, medium and even long term, both physically, psychologically and emotionally.
The aim of this paper is to present some of the results of a research project we have been carrying out at the Faculty of Social Work of the University of Jaen. In it, we analysed the knowledge of health personnel about obstetric violence and the different existing protocols in relation to the process of pregnancy and childbirth.
Through a questionnaire with open and closed questions, we inquired about the identification - or not - that these personnel have about these practices. Knowing what they know and how they act is the first step towards, on the one hand, making it visible and, on the other, making proposals to eradicate it

Normalizar, naturalizar o silenciar la violencia que las mujeres sufren durante el embarazo, el parto y el puerperio es tanto una práctica y conducta común en muchas sociedades como un espacio de reivindicación. La conocida como violencia obstétrica, a pesar de ser reconocida como tal por distintos organismos internacionales, sigue siendo una práctica negada y, desgraciadamente, realizada con asiduidad. La misma, lejos de convertir el parto en una experiencia positiva, tiene consecuencias negativas para la mujer a corto, medio e incluso a largo plazo, tanto en el plano físico como en el psicológico y emocional.
El objetivo de este trabajo es exponer algunos de los resultados de una investigación que venimos realizando en la Facultad de Trabajo Social de la Universidad de Jaén. En ella, analizamos el conocimiento del personal sanitario acerca de la violencia obstétrica y de los distintos protocolos existentes en relación al proceso del embarazo y del parto. A través de un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas y cerradas, se indaga sobre la identificación – o no – que este personal tiene acerca de estas prácticas. Saber qué saben y cómo actúan es el primer paso para, por una parte, visibilizarla y, por otra, realizar propuestas que permitan su erradicación.
Análisis Descriptivo, acceso de las Mujeres Oaxaqueñas a la Educación y su distribución en el Sector Económico
Authors: Ramales Osorio Martín Carlos , García Jiménez Ricardo 
Published: March 2023

It is questioned whether access to the different levels of the Oaxacan educational system, by the group of women, is associated with a series of social and cultural factors related to gender. The objective of the work is to show that women are relatively marginalized and excluded in entering basic education, but not in higher education. The present work assumes a descriptive-qualitative method that is aided by the compilation of cross-sectional socioeconomic indicators obtained from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography and the Government of Oaxaca, using theories related to gender that provide explanations that coincide with the phenomenon. It was shown that access to basic education continues to marginalize girls and adolescents, a situation associated with a macho culture and patriarchal families; This is not the case in higher education, where female enrollment exceeds male enrollment, but this does not translate into a homogeneous distribution at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels, and does not have repercussions on an improvement in employment and wages for Oaxacan women. Situation that is explained by the so-called "Glass Ceilings" and the cultural arbitrary imposed on women.
Se cuestiona si el acceso a los diferentes niveles del sistema educativo oaxaqueño, por el grupo de mujeres, está asociado a una serie de factores sociales y culturales relacionados al género. El objetivo del trabajo es mostrar que las mujeres se encuentran relativamente marginadas y excluidas en el ingreso a la educación básica, pero no así en la educación superior. El presente trabajo asume un método de tipo descriptivo-cualitativo que se auxilia de la recopilación de indicadores socioeconómicos de corte transversal obtenidos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía y del Gobierno de Oaxaca, utilizando teorías relativas al género que provean explicaciones que coincidan con el fenómeno. Se demostró que el acceso a la educación básica sigue marginando a niñas y adolescentes, situación asociada a una cultura machistas y familias de tipo patriarcal; no así en la educación superior que la matricula femenina llega a superar a la masculina, pero esto no se traduce en una distribución homogénea a nivel licenciatura y posgrado, y no repercute en una mejora laboral y salarial de la oaxaqueñas. Situación que se explica por los llamados “Techos de Cristal” y los arbitrarios culturales que se imponen a las mujeres.
Rapid Upper Limb Assessment among Malaysian Multi-Purpose Vehicle’s Driver
Authors: Ibrahim Mohd H. , Raja M. Raja M. , Mazlan Nor A. I. , Azinee S. N. , Mohamed Kamrol A. , Roslan Ummi N. , Che O. Che M. , Norsilawati N. , Awang Mohd E. , Basir Mohd H. 
Published: March 2023

Conditions of comfort driving may be perceived differently by drivers with different physical built or gender where right sitting position plays a big element in maintaining body health. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to analyze anthropometric data of Multi-Purpose Vehicle’s (MPV) driver using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) technique. RULA was performed on various MPVs seats. The outcome of this study indicated that seating posture among the Malaysian MPVs driver are not fully fit into the MPVs driver’s seat and required further investigation. This outcome suggested for further advanced research be conduct in the future.
Foreign Body Ingestion - A Case of a Tablespoon in the Oesophagus of a 48-Year-old Man
Authors: Egbunu Emmanuel O. , Elendu Chukwuka , Chukwuonye Arinze F. , Okine Oghenemaro , Okine Denis , P. Amosu Opeyemi , Ogunlade Oluwatobi O. 
Published: March 2023

Foreign body in the esophagus is a common emergency presentation. A thorough history and systematic examination are followed by relevant investigations in the treatment of a patient with a foreign body in the esophagus. However, there is considerable disagreement about which treatment option is best for such patients. This review aims to develop a comprehensive approach towards patients presenting with foreign body ingestion by creating clinical practice guidelines. These guidelines, which are based on a review of the literature, cover not only the initial assessment of the patient but also the various management options and their benefits, limitations, and suitability for use in different situations.
Rubber, Natural
Authors: Kawahara Seiichi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this article, a newly discovered nanostructure, that is, island‐nanomatrix structure, of natural rubber is introduced after reviewing previous studies on the structure of natural rubber. The reason why the structures of ω‐ and α‐terminal groups of natural rubber have not been elucidated, yet, is described in relation to the island‐nanomatrix structure. In addition, the effects of the proteins and phospholipids that are constituents of the island‐nanomatrix structure on mechanical properties, degradation, crystallinity, and vulcanization of natural rubber are comprehensively described by comparing them with those reported in the literatures. Furthermore, the structures ofcis‐1,4‐polyisoprenes obtained from various plants and natural rubber prepared by various manufacturing processes are discussed in relation to their mechanical properties.
Linguistic Landscape Studies
Authors: Gorter Durk 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Linguistic landscape research is an emerging field of applied linguistics. In recent years, increasing numbers of researchers have analyzed the texts on signs in public spaces in different sociolinguistic contexts around the world. These contexts are predominantly urban and multilingual. Current research covers a series of innovative empirical and theoretical studies that deal with important themes such as language policy, the spread of English, minority languages, multimodality, and other issues such as language ecology, tourism, graffiti, and economic analysis. Collecting data about the linguistic landscape has become a significant research tool as well as an important data source for studies of multilingualism. Overall, the various emerging perspectives in linguistic landscape studies are an additional source of information about multilingual and multimodal processes and can deepen our understanding of multilingualism, urban spaces, and language users. Linguistic landscape studies will certainly get more attention in the coming years as the results of several ongoing projects become available. Many questions are still open, and there is a need for further data, refinement of methodologies, foundation of theories, and useful applications.
Translation and Interpreting: Mixed‐Methods Research
Authors: Han Chao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Translation and interpreting (T&I) studies is interdisciplinary by nature, drawing on theories and methods from various fields to investigate T&I‐related phenomena. Mixed‐methods research (MMR) therefore has an important role to play in such interdisciplinary exploration. This entry focuses on the practice of MMR by T&I researchers. Importantly, it foregrounds and describes a number of prominent studies that analyze and review MMR in T&I. The general state of affairs is that MMR enjoys a relatively higher prevalence rate in T&I studies than expected, but its philosophical underpinnings and design rationales are rarely stated in an explicit manner. In addition, one particular MMR design—the conversion design—seems to be favored by T&I researchers, which typically involves transforming qualitative data into quantitative data (i.e., quantitizing). Furthermore, parallel mixed designs are more popular than sequential mixed designs. The potential downsides of these practices are then discussed, and suggestions are provided with the aim to raising awareness and enhancing future practice of MMR in T&I studies.
Humor and Irony
Authors: Bell Nancy D. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Once seen as peripheral, the study of humor and irony has become well established in applied linguistics. The pervasiveness of humor across most types of interaction is now well acknowledged, which has led to a body of rich descriptions of its mechanisms and uses. The aim of this entry is to review these findings and to examine how these foundational descriptions are currently being expanded into new contexts, languages, and types of interaction. Furthermore, the functions of humor in the second language (L2) classroom, as well as their use and understanding by emergent bilinguals, are reviewed.
Identity in Second Language Pragmatics Research
Authors: Ishihara Noriko 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Under the influence of identity scholarship in applied linguistics, investigations of the role of identity in L2 pragmatics have been underway since the mid‐1990s. Most prominent is the poststructuralist orientation, which views identity as dynamic, fluid, complex, and multifaceted, sometimes even contradictory, and discursively constructed under the influence of power. The relationship between identity and pragmatics has now been documented in a growing body of research showing that identities and pragmatic language uses are mutually constitutive, with identity influencing pragmatic choices, while pragmatic and discursive negotiation simultaneously shapes identity enactment. Learners exercise agency, even if they also experience identity struggles in relation to power, by accepting or being coerced into accepting the positionings imposed by the sociocultural structure. As a result of multilingual turns in applied linguistics, learners and nonnative speakers, conventionally constructed through deficient characteristics, can be reconceptualized as translinguals who mix and mesh named languages through translanguaging, interweaving their resources in their repertoire for unique rhetorical effects and intricate meaning‐making as part of their hybrid identity negotiation. This entry also discusses implications of this development for pedagogy and teacher education in order for learners and teachers to strategically deploy their multilingual agency in intercultural interactions and language education.
Prosody and Pragmatics in Applied Linguistics
Authors: Kostromitina Maria , Kermad Alyssa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProsodic properties of a language bear multiple functions. One of such functions is to signal pragmatic meaning in spoken discourse. Speakers produce various prosodic patterns to achieve communicative goals by placing prominence onto selected syllables; changing the speed of their speech; or using rising, falling, or level tones. This relationship between prosodic patterns and discourse is fundamental to interpreting pragmatic meaning and, as such, has been observed in several pragmatic discourse elements including speech acts, (dis)agreements, and feedback markers by first (L1) and second (L2) language speakers across languages. This entry defines the relationship between prosody and pragmatics in discourse and provides a brief overview of the current research at the pragma–prosodic interface. It focuses on the prosody of speech acts, highlighting the differences in L1 and L2 perception and production of prosody. Important constructs related to pragma–prosodic success are highlighted. The entry concludes with an appraisal of the current literature and an outline of directions for future research and pedagogical applications for L2 instruction.
English in Korea—Korean English—A World Englishes Perspective
Authors: Rüdiger Sofia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

English is learned in South Korea as a foreign language and does not fulfill official functions. Nevertheless, English is widely used in various sectors of the society and plays an important role in the education system. Tourism, pop culture, (return) migration, and Anglicisms provide additional grounds for language contact between English and Korean. Attitudes toward English and Korean(ized) English are complex and contradictory and reveal the tensions experienced by Korean speakers of English. This entry discusses the role of English in Korean society as well as the functions and forms of Korean English. Evidence from extensive corpus‐based research suggests that Korean English should be considered a codified variety of English in its own right
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an insight that also has important implications for variety naming and modeling.
English‐Medium Instruction as an Educational System
Authors: Lasagabaster David 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The implementation of English‐medium instruction (EMI) programs has become one of the main courses of action pursued by universities around the world in their attempt to attain a high ranking in a competitive and globalized academic world. However, the provision of EMI programs has caused strains in many higher education institutions due to two main reasons. First, because the overwhelming predominance of English is seen as a risk to the presence and development of the local language (especially at postgraduate level), and second, because some voices have warned that lecturers' English proficiency and pedagogical skills may not be good enough to meet the challenge of teaching in a foreign language. With these qualms in mind, the concept of language ecology (i.e., how to facilitate the coexistence of different languages in contact) will be introduced. In addition, in this entry, I will briefly analyze what the main drivers for EMI implementation have been so far, including the alleged benefits for students regarding their English language development and content learning in a foreign language. A key element in creating successful EMI programs is the provision of professional development or teacher training programs for the lecturers involved in these programs. However, surveys reveal that such training is thin on the ground. Since teacher training is a key aspect, the possibility of fostering collaboration between language specialists and content lecturers will be considered as a way to ensure EMI programs' quality.
Collaborative Writing as a Pedagogical Technique
Authors: Storch Neomy 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Writing in the language classroom is generally perceived as a solitary activity where writers produce a text individually and are assessed on the quality of their text. Collaborative writing—the co‐authoring of a single text by multiple authors—is a novel pedagogical activity that has drawn research interest particularly following the proliferation of collaborative writing platforms in the internet such as wikis and Google Docs. These technologies have prompted implementation of collaborative writing activities with groups within a class and even beyond the physical confines of the classroom. This entry begins with a definition of collaborative writing that identifies the key elements of this activity. It proceeds to briefly review the theoretical issues and research findings providing support for collaborative writing as a pedagogical activity in second language (L2) classes. The entry then discusses some of the challenges that have been identified when implementing such an activity and possible strategies to address these challenges. The entry concludes by identifying additional areas that require further investigation, including how best to assess learners' success in collaborative writing activities and the need to gain a greater understanding of teachers' views and experiences of implementing collaborative writing activities.
Indirect Exciton–Phonon Dynamics in MoS2 Revealed by Ultrafast Electron Diffraction
Authors: Hu Jianbo , Xiang Yang , Ferrari Beatrice Matilde , Scalise Emilio , Vanacore Giovanni Maria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides layered nano‐crystals are emerging as promising candidates for next‐generation optoelectronic and quantum devices. In such systems, the interaction between excitonic states and atomic vibrations is crucial for many fundamental properties, such as carrier mobilities, quantum coherence loss, and heat dissipation. In particular, to fully exploit their valley‐selective excitations, one has to understand the many‐body exciton physics of zone‐edge states. So far, theoretical and experimental studies have mainly focused on the exciton–phonon dynamics in high‐energy direct excitons involving zone‐center phonons. Here, ultrafast electron diffraction and ab initio calculations are used to investigate the many‐body structural dynamics following nearly‐ resonant excitation of low‐energy indirect excitons in MoS2. By exploiting the large momentum carried by scattered electrons, the excitation of in‐plane K‐ and Q‐ phonon modes are identified with 𝑬′ symmetry as key for the stabilization of indirect excitons generated via near‐infrared light at 1.55 eV, and light is shed on the role of phonon anharmonicity and the ensuing structural evolution of the MoS2 crystal lattice. The results highlight the strong selectivity of phononic excitations directly associated with the specific indirect‐ exciton nature of the wavelength‐dependent electronic transitions triggered in the system.