bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Determinants of Cellular Immune Responses to Mumps Vaccine
Authors: Ovsyannikova Inna G. , Haralambieva Iana H. , Schaid Daniel J. , Warner Nathaniel D. , Poland Gregory A. , Kennedy Richard B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe have previously described genetic polymorphisms in candidate genes that are associated with inter-individual variations in antibody responses to mumps vaccination. To expand upon our previous work, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to discover host genetic variants associated with mumps vaccine-induced cellular immune responses.MethodsWe performed a GWAS of mumps-specific immune response outcomes (11 secreted cytokines/chemokines) in a cohort of 1,406 subjects.ResultsAmong the 11 cytokine/chemokines we studied, four (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-1β, and TNFα) demonstrated GWAS signals reaching genome-wide significance (p<5 x 10-8). A genomic region (encoding Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins/SIGLEC) located on chromosome 19q13 (p<5×10-8) was associated with both IL-1β and TNFα responses. The SIGLEC5/SIGLEC14 region contained 11 statistically significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including the intronic SIGLEC5 rs872629 (p=1.3E-11) and rs1106476 (p=1.32E-11) whose alternate alleles were significantly associated with decreased levels of mumps-specific IL-1β (rs872629, p=1.77E-09; rs1106476, p=1.78E-09) and TNFα (rs872629, p=1.3E-11; rs1106476, p=1.32E-11) production.ConclusionsOur results suggest that SNPs in the SIGLEC5/SIGLEC14 genes play a role in cellular and inflammatory immune responses to mumps vaccination. These findings motivate further research into the functional roles of SIGLEC genes in the regulation of mumps vaccine-induced immunity.
Associations of alcohol consumption with left atrial morphology and function in a population at high cardiovascular risk
Authors: Alam Aniqa B. , Toledo-Atucha Estefania , Romaguera Dora , Alonso-Gómez Angel M. , Martínez-Gonzalez Miguel A. , Tojal-Sierra Lucas , Mora Marta Noris , Mas-Llado Caterina , Li Linzi , Gonzalez-Casanova Ines , Salas-Salvadó Jordi , Fitó Montserrat , Alonso Alvaro 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundExcessive alcohol consumption has been associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. An enlarged left atrium and impaired left atrial function may lead to atrial fibrillation. The association of alcohol consumption with structural and functional left atrial measures, however, has received limited attention.MethodsWe studied a subset of 515 participants from the PREDIMED-Plus trial, a Spanish ongoing, multi-center randomized trial testing an intensive life weight loss intervention (ILI) with an energy reduced Mediterranean diet and physical activity promotion versus usual care andad libitumMediterranean diet recommendations for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults with the metabolic syndrome. Participants underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) at baseline, year 3, and year 5 of the study. Outcomes of interest included volumetric (volume index) and functional (reservoir, conduit, and contractile strains) measures of the left atrium. Alcohol consumption was calculated through the use of validated food frequency questionnaires repeatedly collected every year and presented as drinks consumed per day (1 drink = 14 grams of alcohol). Confounder-adjusted multiple linear regression and mixed models were used to estimate the association of alcohol consumption (at baseline and over 5-years of follow-up) with left atrial volume and function at baseline and over the 5-year follow-up.ResultsMean alcohol consumption among 515 eligible participants (mean age: 65 years, 40% female) was 1.6 drinks/day. Cross-sectionally, higher alcohol consumption (modeled in 1 drink/day increases) was associated with larger left atrial volume (0.6 ml/m2, 95% CI 0.2, 1.1) and lower left atrial reservoir and contractile strain (-0.4%, 95% CI -0.8, 0.0, and -0.4, 95% CI -0.7, -0.1). Baseline alcohol consumption was not associated with changes in left atrial structure and function, but an increase in alcohol consumption (per 1 drink/day increase) during follow-up was associated with left atrial enlargement (0.7 mL/m2, 95% CI 0.2, 1.2) and, to a lesser extent, left atrial strain worsening (-0.3%, 95% CI -0.8, 0.2) over 5 years.ConclusionIn a population at high risk of cardiovascular disease, an increase of alcohol consumption was associated with left atrial volume enlargement and worsening atrial function, suggesting mechanistic information about potential pathways linking excessive alcohol consumption with atrial fibrillation risk.
State and County-Level Factors Associated with the Effectiveness of Stay-At-Home Orders Issued in the United States in Response to COVID-19
Authors: Barker Forrest DL , Mirzadadeh Ali , Feachem Neelam Sekhri 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTTitleState and County-Level Factors Associated with the Effectiveness of Stay-At-Home Orders Issued in the United States in Response to COVID-19BackgroundTo slow the spread of COVID-19 and protect medical facilities from overflowing, Stay-At-Home Orders (SAHOs) were issued in the United States during the spring of 2020. These orders had variable levels of effectiveness and profound consequences that continue to manifest long after their termination. This study aimed to assess if state and county-level population characteristics could explain variability in SAHO effectiveness as measured by the effective reproductive number (Rt).MethodsWe calculated the Rtfor the 40 states which enacted SAHOs, and also for a sample of 289 counties that issued SAHOs in 2020, using EpiEstim R Package based on the states’ and counties’ daily case data. We determined SAHOs to be effective if, three weeks after their implementation, Rtwas equal to or less than one. Wilcoxon rank sum tests and logistic regression were used to determine if population characteristics (age, income, level of education, political orientation, percent of non-English speaking people, racial and ethnic compositions), and percentage of frontline workers, percent of eligible people vaccinated by July 2021, level of viral transmission, and other Non-Pharmaceutical-Interventions (NPI) enacted before the SAHO, were associated with effectiveness of SAHOs.ResultsSAHOs were effective in 20 (50%) states. No significant differences were found in the characteristics studied between states with effective and ineffective SAHOs. SAHOs were effective in 54% of counties. Counties with effective SAHOs had fewer days of NPIs before the SAHOs in comparison to counties with ineffective SAHOs (Median 24 vs. 34, p-value 0.005). All other characteristics considered showed non-significant differences. In multivariate analysis, days of NPIs before the SAHOs remained the only significant factor for effective SAHOs in studied counties.ConclusionOur analysis suggests that SAHO effectiveness may be influenced by the implementation of prior public health interventions but is not likely to be related to the other characteristics studied. These findings should be considered when assessing when and how to implement SAHOs in future epidemics to limit the spread of an infectious respiratory disease.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Stratified by Transfer and COVID-19 Infection Status, on Inpatient Mortality in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients, Using a Nationally Representative Database
Authors: Gill Ahmad , Al-Taweel Omar , Massey Blaine , Mohammed Salman , Ren Jie , Al-Baghdadi Yousif , Parida Akash , Fakhra Sadaf , Rahimi Osman , Badial Tajinder , Patibandla Saikrishna , Wineinger Tracy , Alkhatib Deya , Mubder Mohamad , Ahsan Chowdhury 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted various aspects of healthcare, including the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. Our study investigates the in-hospital outcomes and the impact of transfer and COVID-19 infection status on mortality in STEMI patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study to compare the inpatient outcomes of STEMI patients in 2020 with STEMI patients from 2016 to 2019 using the National Inpatient Sample database. We performed 1:1 greedy nearest neighbor matching and utilized logistic regression to compare mortality.ResultsIn our matched cohort, there was no difference in overall mortality between STEMI patients in 2020 and those from 2016 to 2019 (OR 1.00, 95% CI: 0.94-1.05; p = 0.87). When stratified by COVID-19 infection status, regularly admitted STEMI patients with concurrent COVID-19 infection in 2020 had 2.11 times higher odds of inpatient mortality compared to regularly admitted STEMI patients from 2016 to 2019 (OR 2.11, 95% CI: 1.55-2.87; p < 0.001). STEMI acute care transfers with concurrent COVID-19 infection in 2020 had 3.17 times higher odds of inpatient mortality than those from 2016 to 2019 (OR 3.17, 95% CI: 1.83-5.50; p < 0.001). STEMI non-acute care transfers with concurrent COVID-19 infection in 2020 had 5.13 times higher odds of inpatient mortality than those from 2016 to 2019 (OR 5.13, 95% CI: 1.87-14.06; p = 0.001).ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated many longstanding disparities within our healthcare system. Moving forward, it is crucial to engage in further discussions addressing the national physician shortage, the patient transfer system and healthcare in underserved regions.
KOunt – A reproducible KEGG orthologue abundance workflow
Authors: Mattock Jennifer , Martínez-Álvaro Marina , Cleveland Matthew A. , Roehe Rainer , Watson Mick 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSummaryAccurate gene prediction is essential for successful metagenome analysis. We present KOunt, a Snake-make pipeline, that precisely quantifies KEGG orthologue abundance.Availability and implementationKOunt is available on GitHub:https://github.com/WatsonLab/KOunt. The KOunt reference database is available on figshare:https://figshare.com/s/72fe3ed7dfbbdcd8b1e5. Test data are available athttps://figshare.com/ndownloader/files/39545968and version 1.1.0 of KOunt athttps://figshare.com/ndown-loader/files/39547273.Contactjennifer.mattock@roslin.ed.ac.ukSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available atBioinformaticsonline.
Randomized Trial of Ketamine Masked by Surgical Anesthesia in Depressed Patients
Authors: Lii Theresa R. , Smith Ashleigh E. , Flohr Josephine R. , Okada Robin L. , Nyongesa Cynthia A. , Cianfichi Lisa J. , Hack Laura M. , Schatzberg Alan F. , Heifets Boris D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDKetamine may have antidepressant properties, but its acute psychoactive effects complicate successful masking in placebo-controlled trials.METHODSIn a triple-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 40 adult patients with major depressive disorder were randomized to a single infusion of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) or placebo (saline) during anesthesia as usual for routine surgery. The primary outcome was depression severity measured by the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) at 1, 2, and 3 days post-infusion. The secondary outcome was the proportion of participants with clinical response (≥50% reduction in MADRS scores) at 1, 2, and 3 days post-infusion. After all follow-up visits, participants were asked to guess which intervention they received.RESULTSMean MADRS scores did not differ between groups at screening or pre-infusion baseline. The mixed-effects model showed no evidence of effect of group assignment on post-infusion MADRS scores at 1 to 3 days post-infusion (−5.82, 95% CI −13.3 to 1.64, p=0.13). Clinical response rates were similar between groups (60% versus 50% on day 1) and comparable to previous studies of ketamine in depressed populations. Secondary and exploratory outcomes did not find statistical separation of ketamine from placebo. 36.8% of participants guessed their treatment assignment correctly; both groups allocated their guesses in similar proportions. One serious adverse event occurred in each group, unrelated to ketamine administration.CONCLUSIONIn adults with major depressive disorder, a single dose of intravenous ketamine delivered during surgical anesthesia had no greater effect than placebo in acutely reducing the severity of depressive symptoms. This trial successfully masked treatment allocation in moderate-to-severely depressed patients using surgical anesthesia. While it is impractical to use surgical anesthesia for most placebo-controlled trials, future studies of novel antidepressants with acute psychoactive effects should make efforts to fully mask treatment assignment in order to minimize subject-expectancy bias. (ClinicalTrials.govnumber,NCT03861988)
Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity among Women of Reproductive Age in Cambodia: Analysis of Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Um Samnang , An Yom 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOverweight and obesity are associated with increased chronic disease and death rates globally. In Cambodia, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among women is high and may grow. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age (WRA) in Cambodia. We analyzed data from the 2021-2022 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS) that used a two-stage stratified cluster sampling design. Data analysis was restricted to non-pregnant women, resulting in an analytic sample of 9,417 WRA. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed using STATA V17 to examine factors associated with overweight and obesity. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among non-pregnant women of reproductive age was 22.56%, and 5.61% were overweight and obese, respectively. Factors independently associated with increased odds of overweight and obesity included women aged 20-29 years [AOR=1.85; 95% CI: 1.22 - 2.80], 30-39 years [AOR=3.34; 95% CI: 2.21 - 5.04], and 40-49 years [AOR=5.57; 95% CI: 3.76 - 8.25], married women [AOR=2.49; 95% CI: 1.71-3.62], women from middle wealth quintile [AOR=1.21; 95% CI: 1.02-1.44], and rich wealth quintile [AOR=1.44; 95% C: 1.19 - 1.73], having at least three children or more [AOR=1.40; 95% CI: 1.00 - 1.95], ever drink alcohol [AOR=1.24; 95% CI: 1.04 - 1.47], and current drink alcohol [AOR=1.2; 95% CI: 1.01 - 1.45]. On the contrary, the following factors were independently associated with decreased odds of having overweight and obese: women with at least secondary education [AOR=0.73; 95% CI: 0.58-0.91] and working in manual labor jobs [AOR=0.76; 95% CI: (0.64 - 0.90]. Increased age, married women, having at least three children, and alcohol consumption were the main risk factors associated with overweight and obesity. Conversely, higher education and manual labor were negatively associated with overweight and obesity. Cambodia’s non-communicable disease (NCD) public health programs should consider these characteristics for targeting interventions further to reduce overweight and obesity in the coming years.
Genetic influences on alcohol flushing in East Asian populations
Authors: Cho Yoonsu , Lin Kuang , Lee Su-Hyun , Yu Canqing , Valle Dan Schmidt , Avery Daniel , Lv Jun , Jung Keumji , Li Liming , Smith George Davey ,   China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group, Chen Zhengming , Millwood Iona Y. , Hemani Gibran , Walters Robin G. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough it is known that variation in thealdehyde dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2) gene family influences the East Asian alcohol flushing response, knowledge about other genetic variants that affect flushing symptoms is limited.MethodsWe performed a genome-wide association study meta-analysis and heritability analysis of alcohol flushing in 15,105 males of East Asian ancestry (Koreans and Chinese) to identify genetic associations with alcohol flushing. We also evaluated whether self-reported flushing can be used as an instrumental variable for alcohol intake.ResultsWe identified variants in the region ofALDH2strongly associated with alcohol flushing, replicating previous studies conducted in East Asian populations. Additionally, we identified variants in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) gene region associated with alcohol flushing. Several novel variants were identified after adjustment for the lead variants (ALDH2-rs671 andADH1B-rs1229984), which need to be confirmed in larger studies. The estimated SNP-heritability on the liability scale was 13% (S.E. = 4%) for flushing, but the heritability estimate decreased to 6% (S.E. = 4%) when the effects of the lead variants were controlled for. Genetic instrumentation of higher alcohol intake using these variants recapitulated known associations of alcohol intake with hypertension. Using self-reported alcohol flushing as an instrument gave a similar association pattern of higher alcohol intake and cardiovascular disease-related traits (e.g. stroke).ConclusionThis study confirms thatALDH2-rs671 andADH1B-rs1229984 are associated with alcohol flushing in East Asian populations. Our findings also suggest that self-reported alcohol flushing can be used as an instrumental variable in future studies of alcohol consumption.Trial registrationThis study only used secondary data.
Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 BA.5.5 and BQ.1.1 Omicron Variants in Mice and Hamsters
Authors: Case James Brett , Scheaffer Suzanne M. , Darling Tamarand L. , Bricker Traci L. , Adams Lucas J. , Harastani Houda , Trende Reed , Sanapala Shilpa , Fremont Daved H. , Boon Adrianus C. M. , Diamond Michael S. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThe continued evolution and emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants has resulted in challenges to vaccine and antibody efficacy. The emergence of each new variant necessitates the need to re-evaluate and refine animal models used for countermeasure testing. Here, we tested a currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage variant, BQ.1.1, in multiple rodent models including K18-hACE2 transgenic, C57BL/6J, and 129S2 mice, and Syrian golden hamsters. In contrast to a previously dominant BA.5.5 Omicron variant, inoculation of K18-hACE2 mice with BQ.1.1 resulted in a substantial weight loss, a characteristic seen in pre-Omicron variants. BQ.1.1 also replicated to higher levels in the lungs of K18-hACE2 mice and caused greater lung pathology than the BA.5.5 variant. However, C57BL/6J mice, 129S2 mice, and Syrian hamsters inoculated with BQ.1.1 showed no differences in respiratory tract infection or disease compared to animals administered BA.5.5. Airborne or direct contact transmission in hamsters was observed more frequently after BQ.1.1 than BA.5.5 infection. Together, these data suggest that the BQ.1.1 Omicron variant has increased virulence in some rodent species, possibly due to the acquisition of unique spike mutations relative to other Omicron variants.IMPORTANCEAs SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, there is a need to rapidly assess the efficacy of vaccines and antiviral therapeutics against newly emergent variants. To do so, the commonly used animal models must also be reevaluated. Here, we determined the pathogenicity of the circulating BQ.1.1 SARS-CoV-2 variant in multiple SARS-CoV-2 animal models including transgenic mice expressing human ACE2, two strains of conventional laboratory mice, and Syrian hamsters. While BQ.1.1 infection resulted in similar levels of viral burden and clinical disease in the conventional laboratory mice tested, increases in lung infection were detected in human ACE2-expressing transgenic mice, which corresponded with greater levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lung pathology. Moreover, we observed a trend towards greater animal-to-animal transmission of BQ.1.1 than BA.5.5 in Syrian hamsters. Together, our data highlight important differences in two closely related Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant strains and provide a foundation for evaluating countermeasures.
Development of the PSYCHS: Positive SYmptoms and Diagnostic Criteria for the CAARMS Harmonized with the SIPS
Authors: Woods Scott W. , Parker Sophie , Kerr Melissa J. , Walsh Barbara C. , Wijtenburg S. Andrea , Prunier Nicholas , Nunez Angela R. , Buccilli Kate , Mourgues-Codern Catalina , Brummitt Kali , Kinney Kyle S. , Trankler Carli , Szacilo Julia , Colton Beau-Luke , Ali Munaza , Haidar Anastasia , Billah Tashrif , Huynh Kevin , Ahmed Uzair , Adery Laura L. , Corcoran Cheryl M. , Perkins Diana O. , Schiffman Jason , Perez Jesus , Mamah Daniel , Ellman Lauren M. , Powers Albert R. , Coleman Michael J. , Anticevic Alan , Fusar-Poli Paolo , Kane John M. , Kahn Rene S. , McGorry Patrick D. , Bearden Carrie E. , Shenton Martha E. , Nelson Barnaby , Calkins Monica E. , Hendricks Larry , Bouix Sylvain , Addington Jean , McGlashan Thomas H. , Yung Alison R. ,   the Accelerating Medicines Partnership Schizophrenia,   AMP SCZ Working Group and Subgroup leaders (not previously listed):, Allott Kelly , Clark Scott R. , Kapur Tina , Lavoie S. , Lewandowski Kathryn E. , Mathalon Daniel H. , Pasternak Ofer , Stone William S. , Torous John ,   National Institute of Mental Health Project Scientists:, Rowland Laura M. , Zhan Ming ,   Research Network and DPACC Investigators (not previously listed):, Amminger Paul , Arango Celso , Broome Matthew R. , Cadenhead Kristin S. , Chen Eric Y.H. , Choi Jimmy , Kevin Cho Kang Ik , Conus Philippe , Cornblatt Barbara A. , Glenthøj Louise Birkedal , Horton Leslie E. , Kambeitz Joseph , Keshavan Matcheri S. , Koutsouleris Nikolaos , Langbein Kerstin , Diaz-Caneja Covadonga Martinez , Mittal Vijay A. , Nordentoft Merete , Gaspar Ramos Pablo A. , Pearlson Godfrey D. , Shah Jai L. , Smesny Stefan , Strauss Gregory P. , Wang Jijun ,   Study Coordinators and Project Managers (not previously listed):, Marcy Patricia J. , Matneja Priya , Phassouliotis Christina , Ray Susan , Snowball Collum , Spark Jessica , Tod Sophie ,   Individual names of AMP SCZ collaborators are listed in the Acknowledgment
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo harmonize two ascertainment and severity rating instruments commonly used for the clinical high risk syndrome for psychosis (CHR-P): the Structured Interview for Psychosis-risk Syndromes (SIPS) and the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS).MethodsThe initial workshop is described in the companion report from Addington et al. After the workshop, lead experts for each instrument continued harmonizing attenuated positive symptoms and criteria for psychosis and CHR-P through an intensive series of joint videoconferences.ResultsFull harmonization was achieved for attenuated positive symptom ratings and psychosis criteria, and partial harmonization for CHR-P criteria. The semi-structured interview, namedPositiveSYmptoms and Diagnostic Criteria for theCAARMSHarmonized with theSIPS (PSYCHS), generates CHR-P criteria and severity scores for both CAARMS and SIPS.ConclusionUsing the PSYCHS for CHR-P ascertainment, conversion determination, and attenuated positive symptom severity rating will help in comparing findings across studies and in meta-analyses.