bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychological correlates of visual hallucinatory phenomena in Lewy body disease
Authors: Puntambekar Isha , A. Foley Jennifer 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesVisual hallucinations (VH) ranging from minor to complex, are the most common psychiatric feature of Lewy Body Disease (LBD). Despite their high prevalence and poor prognostic implications instigating extensive research, the precise mechanisms underlying VH remain unclear. Cognitive impairment (CI) is a risk factor and a consistent correlate of VH in LBD. To help shed light on their underlying mechanisms, this study investigates the pattern of CI across the spectrum of VH in LBD.Methods30 LBD patients with minor VH (MVH), 13 with complex VH (CVH) and 32 without VH were retrospectively compared on the domains of higher‐order visual processing, memory, language and executive functioning. The VH groups were further stratified to investigate whether phenomenological subtypes have distinct cognitive correlates.ResultsLBD patients with CVH were impaired on the visuo‐spatial and executive functioning domains relative to controls. LBD patients with MVH were also impaired on the visuo‐spatial domain. No differences emerged in cognitive domains affected between patient groups endorsing specific hallucinatory phenomena.ConclusionA pattern of CI indicating fronto‐subcortical dysfunction in combination with posterior cortical involvement is implicated in the genesis of CVH. Moreover, this posterior cortical dysfunction may precede the occurrence of CVH as indicated by selective visuo‐spatial deficits in LBD patients with MVH.
Neural dissociation between reward and salience prediction errors through the lens of optimistic bias
Authors: Zheng Ya , Mei Shuting 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe question of how the brain represents reward prediction errors is central to reinforcement learning and adaptive, goal‐directed behavior. Previous studies have revealed prediction error representations in multiple electrophysiological signatures, but it remains elusive whether these electrophysiological correlates underlying prediction errors are sensitive to valence (in a signed form) or to salience (in an unsigned form). One possible reason concerns the loose correspondence between objective probability and subjective prediction resulting from the optimistic bias, that is, the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of encountering positive future events. In the present electroencephalography (EEG) study, we approached this question by directly measuring participants' idiosyncratic, trial‐to‐trial prediction errors elicited by subjective and objective probabilities across two experiments. We adopted monetary gain and loss feedback in Experiment 1 and positive and negative feedback as communicated by the same zero‐value feedback in Experiment 2. We provided electrophysiological evidence in time and time‐frequency domains supporting both reward and salience prediction error signals. Moreover, we showed that these electrophysiological signatures were highly flexible and sensitive to an optimistic bias and various forms of salience. Our findings shed new light on multiple presentations of prediction error in the human brain, which differ in format and functional role.
Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus: Preoperative and intraoperative assessment
Authors: Gao Yang , Qu Pengpeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess factors influencing preoperative diagnosis and hemorrhage during surgery with uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis.MethodsThis retrospective single‐institution study used univariate analysis and multivariate models to investigate potential factors contributing to preoperative diagnosis and hemorrhage during surgery associated with intravenous leiomyomatosis in 135 patients from January 2012 to April 2022. Risk factors for disease recurrence were also investigated. The SPSS statistical analysis package was used for data analysis.ResultsPrevious myomectomy or fibroid ablation and tumor location on color Doppler were related to preoperative diagnosis (P = 0.031 and P = 0.003, respectively). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that lesions extending to the broad ligament were the only factors affecting preoperative diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] 5.383, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.49–19.47). Univariate analysis showed that previous myomectomy or fibroid ablation (P = 0.017), tumor location (P = 0.027), and parauterine involvement (P = 0.014) were associated with intraoperative hemorrhage. Parauterine involvement was an independent risk factor for increased bleeding (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.14–3.92). Six patients (4.4%) relapsed. The present study demonstrated that age (P = 0.031) and surgical type (P < 0.001) might be associated with disease recurrence.ConclusionsTreatment emphasis should focus on lesions extending to the broad ligament. Intraoperative bleeding associated with parauterine involvement should be stopped as effectively as possible.
Radiobioinformatics: A novel bridge between basic research and clinical practice for clinical decision support in diffuse liver diseases
Authors: Lei Pinggui , Hu Na , Wu Yuhui , Tang Maowen , Lin Chong , Kong Luoyi , Zhang Lingfeng , Luo Peng , Chan Lawrence Wing‐Chi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe liver is a multifaceted organ that is responsible for many critical functions encompassing amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, all of which make a healthy liver essential for the human body. Contemporary imaging methodologies have remarkable diagnostic accuracy in discerning focal liver lesions; however, a comprehensive understanding of diffuse liver diseases is a requisite for radiologists to accurately diagnose or predict the progression of such lesions within clinical contexts. Nonetheless, the conventional attributes of radiological features, including morphology, size, margin, density, signal intensity, and echoes, limit their clinical utility. Radiomics is a widely used approach that is characterized by the extraction of copious image features from radiographic depictions, which gives it considerable potential in addressing this limitation. It is worth noting that functional or molecular alterations occur significantly prior to the morphological shifts discernible by imaging modalities. Consequently, the explication of potential mechanisms by multiomics analyses (encompassing genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) is essential for investigating putative signal pathway regulations from a radiological viewpoint. In this review, we elaborate on the principal pathological categorizations of diffuse liver diseases, the evaluation of multiomics approaches pertaining to diffuse liver diseases, and the prospective value of predictive models. Accordingly, the overarching objective of this review is to scrutinize the interrelations between radiological features and bioinformatics as well as to consider the development of prediction models predicated on radiobioinformatics as integral components of clinical decision support systems for diffuse liver diseases.
Tumor necrosis factor‐α stimulation endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition during cardiac fibrosis via endothelin‐1 signaling
Authors: Hu Huan , Huang Jihong , Zhang Shasha , Zhang Bing , Li Wenjuan , Sun Kun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCardiac fibrosis is an important pathological change after myocardial infarction (MI). High concentration of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) contributes to cardiac fibrosis, and TNF‐α has been demonstrated to be involved in transforming growth factor‐β1‐induced endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT). However, the role and molecular mechanisms of TNF‐α during cardiac fibrosis remain largely unexplored. In this study, we demonstrated that TNF‐α and endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) were upregulated in cardiac fibrosis after MI, and genes associated with EndMT were also upregulated. An in vitro model of EndMT demonstrated that TNF‐α promoted EndMT by upregulation of vimentin and α‐smooth muscle actin, and which strongly increased ET‐1 expression. ET‐1 promoted TNF‐α‐induced expression of gene program through phosphorylation levels of SMAD family member 2, while subsequent inhibition of ET‐1 almost abolished the effect of TNF‐α during the process of EndMT. In summary, these findings demonstrated that ET‐1 is involved in the EndMT induced by TNF‐α during cardiac fibrosis.
Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis on potential molecular targets and mechanism of action of BRAF inhibitors for application in wound healing
Authors: Karhana Sonali , Dabral Swarna , Garg Aakriti , Bano Aysha , Agarwal Nidhi , Khan Mohd. Ashif 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTopical application of BRAF inhibitors has been shown to accelerate wound healing in murine models, which can be extrapolated into clinical applications. The aim of the study was to identify suitable pharmacological targets of BRAF inhibitors and elucidate their mechanisms of action for therapeutic applicability in wound healing, by employing bioinformatics tools including network pharmacology and molecular docking. The potential targets for BRAF inhibitors were obtained from SwissTargetPrediction, DrugBank, CTD, Therapeutic Target Database, and Binding Database. Targets of wound healing were obtained using online databases DisGeNET and OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man). Common targets were found by using the online GeneVenn tool. Common targets were then imported to STRING to construct interaction networks. Topological parameters were assessed using Cytoscape and core targets were identified. FunRich was employed to uncover the signaling pathways, cellular components, molecular functions, and biological processes in which the core targets participate. Finally, molecular docking was performed using MOE software. Key targets for the therapeutic application of BRAF inhibitors for wound healing are peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ, matrix metalloproteinase 9, AKT serine/threonine kinase 1, mammalian target of rapamycin, and Ki‐ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog. The most potent BRAF inhibitors that can be exploited for their paradoxical activity for wound healing applications are Encorafenib and Dabrafenib. By using network pharmacology and molecular docking, it can be predicted that the paradoxical activity of BRAF inhibitors can be used for their potential application in wound healing.
Resilience practices among a broad spectrum of individuals with physical disabilities during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative photo elicitation study
Authors: Singh Gurkaran , Battalova Alfiya , Miller William C. , Simpson Ethan , Rash Isabelle , Mohammadi Somayyeh , Tao Gordon , Chan Janice , Mortenson W. Ben 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis community‐based study explored resilience practices among people living with physical disabilities (i.e., stroke, spinal cord injury, and other physical disabilities) during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In this photo elicitation study, during 1:1 interviews, participants shared and described photos that reflected their pandemic‐related experiences. Data were analyzed thematically to identify resilience‐related practices. Our analysis revealed three themes: (1) reflecting on the importance of family, friends, and community (e.g., recalling past memories and strengthening existing connections); (2) engaging in social and recreational activities (e.g., experiencing the outdoors and gardening); and (3) reframing personal contexts and social environment (e.g., adjusting to new social norms and overcoming physical barriers to navigating safely during the pandemic). The resilience that participants identified encompassed not only individual strategies but also family and community supports. Resilience can be fostered through community initiatives that support more equitable responses to health emergencies for people with disabilities.
Carbon ions trigger DNA damage response to overcome radioresistance by regulating β‐catenin signaling in quiescent HeLa cells
Authors: Zhang Jinhua , Xie Yi , Liu Xiaoyi , Gan Lu , Li Pingping , Dou Zhihui , Di Cuixia , Zhang Hong , Si Jing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractQuiescent cancer cells are major impediments to effective radiotherapy (RT) and exhibit limited sensitivity to traditional photon therapy. Herein, the functional role and underlying mechanism of carbon ions in overcoming the radioresistance of quiescent cervical cancer HeLa cells were determined. Briefly, serum withdrawal was used to induce synchronized quiescence in HeLa cells. Quiescent HeLa cells displayed strong radioresistance and DNA repair potential. After irradiation with carbon ions, the DNA damage repair pathway may markedly rely on error‐prone nonhomologous end‐joining in proliferating cells, whereas the high‐precision homologous recombination pathway is more relevant in quiescent cells. This phenomenon could be explained by the ionizing radiation (IR)‐induced cell cycle re‐entry of quiescent cancer cells. There are three strategies for eradicating quiescent cancer cells using high‐linear energy transfer (LET) carbon ions: direct cell death through complex DNA damage; apoptosis via an enhanced mitochondria‐mediated intrinsic pathway; forced re‐entry of quiescent cancer cells into the cell cycle, thereby improving their susceptibility to IR. Silencing β‐catenin signaling is essential for maintaining the dormant state in quiescent cells. Herein, carbon ions activated the β‐catenin pathway in quiescent cells, and inhibition of this pathway improved the resistance of quiescent HeLa cells to carbon ions by alleviating DNA damage, improving DNA damage repair, maintaining quiescent depth, and inhibiting apoptosis. Collectively, carbon ions conquer the radioresistance of quiescent HeLa cells by activating β‐catenin signaling, which provides a theoretical basis for improved therapeutic effects in patients with middle‐advanced‐stage cervical cancer with radioresistance.
The regulation of PTEN: Novel insights into functions as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets
Authors: Liu Jie , Pan Yongli , Liu Yuheng , Wei Wei , Hu Xiaoping , Xin Wenqiang , Chen Nan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis review summarizes the implications of the primary tumor suppressor protein phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in aggressive cancer development. PTEN interacts with other cellular proteins or factors suggesting the existence of an intricate molecular network that regulates their oncogenic function. Accumulating evidence has shown that PTEN exists and plays a role in the cytoplasmic organelles and in the nucleus. PTEN blocks phosphoinositide 3‐kinases (PI3K)–protein kinase B–mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway by dephosphorylating phosphatidylinositol (PI)‐3,4,5‐triphosphate to PI‐4,5‐bisphosphate thus counteracting PI3K function. Studies have shown that PTEN expression is tightly regulated at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels (including protein–protein interactions and posttranslational modifications). Despite recent advances in PTEN research, the regulation and function of the PTEN gene remain largely unknown. How mutation or loss of specific exons in the PTEN gene occurs and involves in cancer development is not clear. This review illustrates the regulatory mechanisms of PTEN expression and discusses how PTEN participates in tumor development and/or suppression. Future prospects for the clinical applications are also highlighted.
Cholesterol sulfate inhibits osteoclast differentiation and survival by regulating the AMPK–Sirt1–NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Park Jin Ha , Lee Jiae , Lee Gong‐Rak , Kwon Minjeong , Lee Hye In , Kim Narae , Kim Hee Jin , Lee Mi‐Ock , Jeong Woojin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCholesterol sulfate (CS) is an activator of retinoic acid‐related orphan receptor α (RORα). CS treatment or RORα overexpression attenuates osteoclastogenesis in a collagen‐induced arthritis mouse model. However, the mechanism by which CS and RORα regulate osteoclast differentiation remains largely unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate the role of CS and RORα in osteoclastogenesis and their underlying mechanism. CS inhibited osteoclast differentiation, but RORα deficiency did not affect osteoclast differentiation and CS‐mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. CS enhanced adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and sirtuin1 (Sirt1) activity, leading to nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) inhibition by decreasing acetylation at Lys310 of p65. The NF‐κB inhibition was restored by AMPK inhibitor, but the effects of CS on AMPK and NF‐κB were not altered by RORα deficiency. CS also induced osteoclast apoptosis, which may be due to sustained AMPK activation and consequent NF‐κB inhibition, and the effects of CS were significantly reversed by interleukin‐1β treatment. Collectively, these results indicate that CS inhibits osteoclast differentiation and survival by suppressing NF‐κB via the AMPK–Sirt1 axis in a RORα‐independent manner. Furthermore, CS protects against bone destruction in lipopolysaccharide‐ and ovariectomy‐mediated bone loss mouse models, suggesting that CS is a useful therapeutic candidate for treating inflammation‐induced bone diseases and postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Exploring the experiences and learning of young primary care physicians in disaster‐affected areas: A qualitative study on the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Son Daisuke , Kise Morito , Kaku Taijin , Obara Yukiko , Onishi Hirotaka 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrimary care physicians (PCPs) play a critical role in disaster medicine. However, it is unclear how PCPs who provide chronic support to disaster‐affected areas learn from their experiences.MethodsThis qualitative study investigates the learnings of young PCPs who provided medical care during the chronic phase of the Great East Japan Earthquake disaster.ResultsThematic analysis of interviews with five physicians revealed the challenges faced by them and their learnings in providing medical support to disaster‐affected areas.ConclusionsThey not only learned medical skills but also humanistic aspects such as empathizing with the survivors' loss.
Aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A reduction by Lactobacillus spp. during bread making
Authors: Escrivá Laura , Calpe Jorge , Lafuente Carla , Moreno Ana , Musto Leonardo , Meca Giuseppe , Luz Carlos 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDAflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are among the most important mycotoxins with common presence in bread and bakery products. Biological detoxification of mould food spoilage and mycotoxin contamination by lactic acid bacteria (LABs) exhibits high potential on a cost‐effective and large scale. In this work, the effect of Lactobacillus strains isolated from goat milk whey on reducing AFB1 and OTA during bread making was evaluated by the determination of mycotoxin reduction potential of 12 LAB strains after 72 h incubation in De Man–Rogosa–Sharpe (MRS) broth (37 °C). The most effective LABs were lyophilized and added as ingredient in bread formulation, analysing mycotoxins by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry after bread fermentation and baking.RESULTSAFB1 was reduced in MRS broth by seven LABs (11–35%), highlighting Lactobacillus plantarum B3 activity; while all LABs reduced OTA (12–40%) with L. plantarum B3 and Lactobacillus paracasei B10 as the most active strains. Both LABs were lyophilized and added in contaminated bread with and without yeast, reaching AFB1 and OTA reductions up to 27% and 32% respectively in dough and up to 55% and 34% respectively in bread.CONCLUSIONThe selected strains significantly reduced AFB1 and OTA during bread fermentation, pointing to a potential biocontrol strategy for mycotoxins detoxification in bread and bakery products. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
A Novel Instrument Holder to Improve Operative Efficiency in Endoscopic Laryngeal and Airway Surgery
Authors: Jain Aseem , Adams Sarah M. , Hale Isaac , Voskoboynik Anna , Sissoko Cheick , Bugada Matthew , Dion Gregory R. , Howell Rebecca J. , Friedman Aaron D. 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveReceiving instruments from surgical technicians during endoscopic laryngeal and airway microsurgery (ELAM) has challenges including repeated, expeditious handling of delicate instruments and passing them to the surgeon's hand opposite of where the surgical assistant is standing. Optimizing this interaction may reduce surgical errors and improve operative efficiency.MethodsA proprietary ELAM instrument holder was attached to both sides of the operating room bed. The device consisted of an articulating arm with custom silicone inserts mounted on a tray (storing up to three endoscopic instruments). ELAM cases were randomized to be performed either with (device) or without the holder (control). Using custom software, instrument pass time (IPT), instrument drop rate (IDR), and communication errors (eg handing incorrect instruments) were manually recorded. Qualitative use metrics relating to overall device satisfaction were also obtained.ResultsData were collected from 25 device and 23 control cases among three different laryngologists. Average IPT was nearly three times quicker for the device (0.80 s, n = 1175 passes) compared with controls (2.09 s, n = 1208 passes) [p < 0.001]. IPT interquartile range was five times higher for control (1.65 s) versus device cases (0.42 s). IDR was not significantly different [p = 0.48]; however, device cases had significantly lower communication errors compared to control cases [p = 0.01]. Surgeons and surgical assistants were similarly satisfied with the device on a 5‐point Likert scale (mean: 4.2/5, standard deviation: 0.92).ConclusionThe proposed endoscopic instrument holder can improve ELAM operative workflow by reducing instrument passing time and variability without increasing IDR.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 133:3492–3498, 2023
Developing LHS scholars’ competency around reducing burnout and moral injury
Authors: Yilmaz Sirin , LeClaire Michele , Begnaud Abbie , McKinney Warren , Boehmer Kasey R. , Schaffhausen Cory , Linzer Mark 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite the known benefits of supportive work environments for promoting patient quality and safety and healthcare worker retention, there is no clear mandate for improving work environments within Learning Health Systems (LHS) nor an LHS wellness competency. Striking rises in burnout levels among healthcare workers provide urgency for this topic.MethodsWe brought three experts on moral injury, burnout prevention, and ethics to a recurring, interactive LHS training program “Design Shop” session, harnessing scholars’ ideas prior to the meeting. Generally following SQUIRE 2.0 guidelines, we evaluated the prework and discussion via informal content analysis to develop a set of pathways for developing moral injury and burnout prevention programs. Along these lines, we developed a new competency for moral injury and burnout prevention within LHS training programs.ResultsIn preparation for the session, scholars differentiated moral injury from burnout, highlighted the profound impact of COVID‐19 on moral injury, and proposed testable interventions to reduce injury. Scholar and expert input was then merged into developing the new competency in moral injury and burnout prevention. In particular, the competency focuses on preparing scholars to (1) demonstrate knowledge of moral injury and burnout, (2) measure burnout, moral injury, and their remediable predictors, (3) use methods for improving burnout, (4) structure training programs with supportive work environments, and (5) embed burnout and moral injury prevention into LHS structures.ConclusionsBurnout and moral injury prevention have been largely omitted in LHS training. A competency related to burnout and moral injury reduction can potentially bring sustainable work lives for scholars and their colleagues, better incorporation of their science into clinical practice, and better outcomes for patients.