bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical data evaluation: general considerations and approaches for IUPAC projects and the chemistry community (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Shaw David G. , Bruno Ian , Chalk Stuart , Hefter Glenn , Hibbert David Brynn , Hutchinson Robin A. , Magalhães M. Clara F. , Magee Joseph , McEwen Leah R. , Rumble John , Russell Gregory T. , Waghorne Earle , Walczyk Thomas , Wallington Timothy J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry has a long tradition of supporting the compilation of chemical data and their evaluation through direct projects, nomenclature and terminology work, and partnerships with international scientific bodies, government agencies, and other organizations. The IUPAC Interdivisional Subcommittee on Critical Evaluation of Data has been established to provide guidance on issues related to the evaluation of chemical data. In this first report, we define the general principles of the evaluation of scientific data and describe best practices and approaches to data evaluation in chemistry.
Metallographic preparation of a composite of meteorite iron, steel, pure iron, and nickel manufactured by the Damascus technique
Authors: Strobl S. , Scheiblechner W. , Haubner R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A composite material was subjected to metallographic examination. It was manufactured by forging together different ferrous materials and nickel. This technique ranks among the Damascus techniques and is also used to manufacture so-called “krises”. A kris is a traditional dagger from Southeast Asia, particularly from Indonesia and Malaysia, manufactured by processing different iron and nickel alloys or meteorite iron containing nickel. As is typical for Damascus materials, widely varied patterns are obtained on the blades which may have different shapes.
To manufacture a kris blade, sheets made of pure iron, C10 steel, meteorite iron, and nickel were forge-welded in preliminary tests. Samples were taken and subjected to metallographic examinations. Different layers can be recognized after polishing. Etchants typically used for steels (Nital, Klemm) cannot be used to reveal the nickel microstructure. The nickel grain boundaries can be revealed by ion etching. To improve the different ferrous material microstructures’ contrast, an additional heat tinting process was performed.
The metallographic examination reveals that forge welding created a homogeneous joint between the individual layers.
Effect of alkaline treatment time of fibers and microcrystalline cellulose addition on mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester composites reinforced by cantala fibers
Authors: Raharjo Wahyu Purwo , Ariawan Dody , Diharjo Kuncoro , Raharjo Wijang Wisnu , Kusharjanta Bambang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of alkaline treatment and addition of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) on the density, tensile strength, elastic modulus, impact strength, and Poisson’s ratio of unsaturated polyester resin composites reinforced by cantala fibers (UPR-CFs). The fibers were immersed in alkaline solution of 6% NaOH for 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 h. The composite had cantala fibers (CFs) and MCC volume fraction (v
f) of 30 and 5%, respectively. The results showed that the alkaline treatment for 6 h resulted in the highest density, tensile strength, and elastic modulus of the composites, while the highest Poisson’s ratio was achieved in UPR-untreated CF composites. The addition of MCC filler also increased the density, tensile strength, and elastic modulus of the composite significantly. Both alkaline treatment and MCC addition did not significantly affect the impact strength. With the increase in the strength and modulus of elasticity, composites can be applied more widely to structures that bear higher loads.
A tanulási sajátosságok összehasonlítása az aktivitási szint szempontjából különböző időskori életszakaszokban
Authors: Bajusz Klára , Virágh Viktória 
Published: August 2023

Öregedő társadalmunknak fokozott figyelmet kell fordítania arra, hogy az idős korosztály tagjai milyen életminőségben, milyen testi, lelki és szellemi jóllétben élik életüket. Az idős korcsoportok társadalmi arányának növekedésével egyre alapvetőbb szükségletté válik a tudatos és sikeres idősödés, melynek megvalósításához intergenerációs együttműködés, hálózatos gondolkodás és az egész közösségre kiható szemléletváltás szükséges. Tanulmányunk célja, hogy összevesse a go-go, slow-go és no-go idősek tanulási sajátosságait, valamint az egyes célcsoportok idősoktatás-módszertani jellemzőit. Írásunk hiánypótló, hisz a no-go életszakasz tanulási-tanítási kérdéseit a szakirodalom marginálisan kezeli, és komparatív szempontból sem vizsgálja az egyes aktivitási szakaszok tanulási karakterét. Tanulmányunkban kitérünk arra, hogyan alkalmazható az időskori tanulás a sikeres idősödés eszközeként. Jellemezzük a go-go, slow-go és no-go periódusokat, majd ezek alapján a következő szempontok szerint elemezzük, milyen sajátosságai vannak az egyes célcsoportoknak: tanulási motivációk, tanulási gátak, tanulási célok, a tanulás mint identitásmegőrzési eszköz, szelekció a képzések között, az előadó személyének szerepe, önállóság a tanulásban. Írásunk utolsó egységében röviden összehasonlítjuk a három periódus oktatásmódszertani elveit, különös tekintettel a no-go idősek képzési programjainak jellemzőire.
Rhythmic Entrainment Echoes in Auditory Perception
Authors: L’Hermite Sylvain , Zoefel Benedikt 
Published: August 2023

Rhythmic entrainment echoes—rhythmic brain responses that outlast rhythmic stimulation—can demonstrate endogenous neural oscillations entrained by the stimulus rhythm. Here, we tested for such echoes in auditory perception. Participants detected a pure tone target, presented at a variable delay after another pure tone that was rhythmically modulated in amplitude. In four experiments involving 154 human (female and male) participants, we tested (1) which stimulus rate produces the strongest entrainment echo and, inspired by the tonotopical organization of the auditory system and findings in nonhuman primates, (2) whether these are organized according to sound frequency. We found the strongest entrainment echoes after 6 and 8 Hz stimulation, respectively. The best moments for target detection (in phase or antiphase with the preceding rhythm) depended on whether sound frequencies of entraining and target stimuli matched, which is in line with a tonotopical organization. However, for the same experimental condition, best moments were not always consistent across experiments. We provide a speculative explanation for these differences that relies on the notion that neural entrainment and repetition-related adaptation might exercise competing opposite influences on perception. Together, we find rhythmic echoes in auditory perception that seem more complex than those predicted from initial theories of neural entrainment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRhythmic entrainment echoes are rhythmic brain responses that are produced by a rhythmic stimulus and persist after its offset. These echoes play an important role for the identification of endogenous brain oscillations, entrained by rhythmic stimulation, and give us insights into whether and how participants predict the timing of events. In four independent experiments involving >150 participants, we examined entrainment echoes in auditory perception. We found that entrainment echoes have a preferred rate (between 6 and 8 Hz) and seem to follow the tonotopic organization of the auditory system. Although speculative, we also found evidence that several, potentially competing processes might interact to produce such echoes, a notion that might need to be considered for future experimental design.
Phosphorylation controls spatial and temporal activities of motor‐PRC1 complexes to complete mitosis
Authors: Gluszek‐Kustusz Agata , Craske Benjamin , Legal Thibault , McHugh Toni , Welburn Julie PI 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDuring mitosis, spindle architecture alters as chromosomes segregate into daughter cells. The microtubule crosslinker protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) is essential for spindle stability, chromosome segregation and completion of cytokinesis, but how it recruits motors to the central spindle to coordinate the segregation of chromosomes is unknown. Here, we combine structural and cell biology approaches to show that the human CENP‐E motor, which is essential for chromosome capture and alignment by microtubules, binds to PRC1 through a conserved hydrophobic motif. This binding mechanism is also used by Kinesin‐4 Kif4A:PRC1. Using in vitro reconstitution, we demonstrate that CENP‐E slides antiparallel PRC1‐crosslinked microtubules. We find that the regulation of CENP‐E ‐PRC1 interaction is spatially and temporally coupled with relocalization to overlapping microtubules in anaphase. Finally, we demonstrate that the PRC1–microtubule motor interaction is essential in anaphase to control chromosome partitioning, retain central spindle integrity and ensure cytokinesis. Taken together our findings reveal the molecular basis for the cell cycle regulation of motor‐PRC1 complexes to couple chromosome segregation and cytokinesis.
Cohesin contributes to transcriptional repression of stage‐specific genes in the human malaria parasite
Authors: Rosa Catarina , Singh Parul , Chen Patty , Sinha Ameya , Claës Aurélie , Preiser Peter R , Dedon Peter C , Baumgarten Sebastian , Scherf Artur , Bryant Jessica M 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe complex life cycle of the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, is driven by specific transcriptional programs, but it is unclear how most genes are activated or silenced at specific times. There is an association between transcription and spatial organization; however, the molecular mechanisms behind genome organization are unclear. While P. falciparum lacks key genome‐organizing proteins found in metazoans, it has all core components of the cohesin complex. To investigate the role of cohesin in P. falciparum, we functionally characterize the cohesin subunit Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes protein 3 (SMC3). SMC3 knockdown during early stages of the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle (IDC) upregulates a subset of genes involved in erythrocyte egress and invasion, which are normally expressed at later stages. ChIP‐seq analyses reveal that during the IDC, SMC3 enrichment at the promoter regions of these genes inversely correlates with gene expression and chromatin accessibility. These data suggest that SMC3 binding contributes to the repression of specific genes until their appropriate time of expression, revealing a new mode of stage‐specific gene repression in P. falciparum.
The Effect of Different Surface Treatments on the Color Stabilities of Lithium Disilicate Material
Authors: DAĞ Onur Doğan , ALKAN DEMETOĞLU Göknil , KURT Ayşegül 
Published: August 2023

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical acceptability of the color change that may occur in time about full ceramic materials used for aesthetic restorations, which are bonded after different surface conditioning processes, by measuring with spectrophotometer.
Methods: The lithium disilicate CAD material we used in our work was prepared with isomet in the form of 1-millimeter-thick specimens. Three random groups of 21 specimens were selected from the specimens. One of these groups was conditioned with phosphoric acid, which is recommended by the manufacturer. Er:YAG laser was applied to the second group. The third group was conditioned by Nd:YAG laser. Surface changes in the groups were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The specimens were bonded with the adhesive resin cement to the background material for color change measurement. The first color measurement of the bonded specimens was done by spectrophotometer. The specimens were aged at 10,000 cycles in the thermal cycle device. The second color measurement after aging was done with the same spectrophotometer.
Results: After aging with thermal cycle, there was a clinically acceptable color change in all groups. The Nd:YAG laser group presented better color stability (p
Evaluation of Dental Trauma Knowledge Levels of Cyclists in Turkiye
Authors: ÇULHA Emre , TUNÇ Fatma 
Published: August 2023

Background: Cycling is a risky sport in terms of dental injury. Immediate treatment of traumatized teeth is very critical for the prognosis. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge levels and attitudes of cyclists in Turkey about dental trauma and its emergency treatment.
Methods: In the study, a total of 12 questions were asked in the online questionnaire directed to the participants in different cities in Turkey. The answers received were divided into three groups according to their cycling experience; Group 1: less than 5 years, Group 2: 6-10 years, and Group 3: more than 11 years, and evaluated with the Chi-square and Bonferroni multiple comparison tests. P value < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.
Results: According to the data obtained; It was determined that 31.8% of the participants in Group 3 and 10.4% of the participants in Group 2 did not use protective equipment while cycling (P
Farklı Remineralize Edici Ajanlar Uygulanan Başlangıç Çürük Lezyonlarına Üniversal Bir Adezivin Farklı Tekniklerle Uygulanmasının Makaslama Bağlanma Dayanımına Etkisi: İn Vitro Çalışma
Authors: KEDİCİ ALP Cemile , ARSLANDAŞ DİNÇTÜRK Beyza 
Published: August 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; All Bond Universal adeziv sisteminin farklı uygulama teknikleriyle (total-etch, aktif self-etch, pasif self-etch) farklı ajanlarla remineralize edilmiş (Remin Pro veya MI Paste Plus) mine yüzeyine uygulandığında makaslama bağlanma dayanımını ve yüzeylerde oluşan farklılıkları SEM ile değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamızda kullanılan 96 sığır dişi rastgele 12 gruba (sağlam mine, demineralize mine, remineralize edilmiş mine) ayrıldı, sağlam mine örneklerinin haricinde kalan gruplar için mine örnekleri 37°C'de 96 saat boyunca demineralizasyon solüsyonunda bekletildi, örneklerin bir kısmı remineralize edilmek (Remin Pro, MI Paste Plus) için kullanıldı. Mine örnekleri üzerine All Bond Universal total-etch, aktif self-etch, pasif self-etch teknikleriyle uygulandı ve rezin kompozit (Filtek Ultimate, 3M ESPE) ile restore edildi. Makaslama bağlanma dayanımı üniversal test cihazı İnstron kullanılarak test edildi. Elde edilen verilerin normal dağılmasından dolayı gruplar arasındaki karşılaştırmalarda iki yönlü varyans analizi (Anova testi), post hoc analizlerde Tukey HSD test kullanıldı. (p
The Bonding of Soft Lining Materials to The Denture Base: Meta-Analysis
Authors: TOSUN Büşra , YANIKOĞLU Nuran 
Published: August 2023

Background: One of the biggest disadvantages of soft lining materials is that they deform over time and cause ruptures and fractures in the bonding with the denture base. To overcome these problems, the factors that weaken the bonding should be determined and measures should be taken accordingly. The aim of this study is to elucidate the factors affecting the bonding of soft lining materials to the denture base, in terms of dental base and soft lining materials, surface treatments and retention agents.
Methods: The keywords 'soft lining materials, dental base, bond strength' were written and searched using PubMed/Medline databases, and as a result, 54 research articles related to the current study were evaluated. Each article was classified in terms of the type of denture base and soft lining material, methods of surface treatment, retention agents, and bond strength.
Results: While retention in saliva and water bathing decreased the shear bond strength compared to the group without any retention agent, the application of cleaning agents increased the shear bond strength. The tensile bond strength varied according to the surface treatments, and the laser application showed the highest tensile bond strength. In terms of peel strength, the heat-treated group and the laser with chemical treatment applied group showed lower bond strength than the mechanical treatment and soaked group.
Conclusion: It was concluded that cleaning agents, laser application and mechanical treatments increased the tensile, shear and peel strength.
Technical quality of root canal treatment performed by undergraduate students using rotary instruments versus hand instruments: A Retrospective Study
Authors: TEKİN Alperen , ERDEM HEPŞENOĞLU Yelda , ERSAHAN Seyda , ARIKAN Nur Sena 
Published: August 2023

Background: The technical quality of root canal treatment (RCT) may impact on the outcome. The quality of education received during undergraduate school may be linked to the quality of treatment provided in general dental practice.
Objective: To compare the technical quality of RCT where rotary or manual step-back canal preparatory technique was employed in an undergraduate dental clinic in Turkey. Additionally, the present study aimed to compare radiographically commonly seen complications in both instrumentation systems.
Materials and Methods: Dental records of 270 patients who received RCT undertaken by dental students were investigated by retrospective chart review. 565 root canals belonging to 270 patients were randomized into two groups [(rotary, n=280, and manual hand instruments, n=285)]. Root canal obturation was evaluated on the basis of the length of obturation being >2mm from the radiographic apex, with uniform radiodensity and good adaptation to root canal walls. Inadequate root canal obturation included cases containing procedural errors such as perforation, ledge, transportation, instrument separation. Descriptive statistics were used to define categorical variables (n, %) and the level of significance was set at 0.05.
Results: The technical quality of RCT performed by undergraduate dental students was classified as 'adequate' in 75% and 53.7% of the cases, respectively for rotary and manual groups, respectively (p < 0.05). The highest procedural errors were seen in molars. Occurrence of procedural errors differed significantly between the groups, being 6.4% in rotary group and 12.3% in manual group (p = 0.017). However, occurrence of ledge formation was higher in manual group than that of rotary group (p = 0.007).
Conclusion: In view of our findings, RCT performed by undergraduate dental students using rotary instrumentation systems is of higher technical quality and also has fewer procedural errors than manual instrumentation.
Modifiye Üçlü Antibiyotik Patının Uzaklaştırılmasında Fotonla İndüklenmiş Fotoakustik Dalgalanma ile Farklı İrrigasyon Aktivasyon Rejimlerinin Kombinasyonunun Karşılaştırılması
Authors: AKMAN Melek , TERLEMEZ Arslan , AKBULUT Makbule Bilge , ARI AYDINBELGE Hale 
Published: August 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, kök kanallarından modifiye üçlü antibiyotik patının (mTAP) çıkarılmasında foton kaynaklı fotoakustik dalgalanma (PIPS) tekniği ile farklı irrigasyon aktivasyon rejimlerinin kombinasyonunun etkinliğini karşılaştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Yüz beş adet çekilmiş insan mandibular-premolar dişler ProTaper döner eğe kullanarak prepare edildi. Kök kanalları mTAP medikamenti ile dolduruldu ve 4 hafta sonra kökler kullanılan irrigasyon rejimlerine göre rastgele 7 gruba (n=15) ayrıldı: Self-Adjusting File (SAF), Pasif-Ultrasonik-İrrigasyon (PUI) , EndoAktivatör (EA), SAF+EA, SAF+PUI, PUI+EA, PIPS. 3 dişte mTAP kaldırılmadı (pozitif kontrol) ve diğer 3 diş mTAP ile doldurulmadı (negatif kontrol). Kökler uzunlamasına ikiye ayrıldı ve kalan mTAP miktarı, 4 dereceli bir skorlama sistemi kullanılarak 20x büyütme ile değerlendirildi. Veriler Kruskal-Wallis ve Mann-Whitney U testleri kullanılarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Tüm deney grupları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık tespit edildi. PIPS, SAF, SAF+EA ve SAF+PUI, mTAP'yi kök kanalından çıkarmada PUI ve PUI+EA'dan önemli ölçüde daha iyi performans gösterdi (P=0.000). EA orta etkinlik gösterdi. Apikal ve orta üçte birlik kısımda PUI ve PUI+EA ve koronal üçte birlik kısımda PUI önemli ölçüde daha kötü performans gösterdi (P
Diş Hekimliği Fakültesinde Mavi Kod Uygulama Sonuçlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: MENZİLETOĞLU Dilek , ESEN Alparslan 
Published: August 2023

Amaç: Mavi kod; hastanelerde acil tıbbi müdahaleye ihtiyaç duyan hastalara, hasta yakınlarına ve tüm hastane personeline en kısa sürede profesyonel ekiple müdahale edilmesini sağlayan acil durum yönetimidir. Uluslararası renkli kod uygulamalarında mavi rengin ortak kullanıldığı tek koddur. Tüm dünyada tek ve aynı renk kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; diş hekimliği fakültesinde mavi kod uygulamalarının önemini, etkinliğini ve uygulama sonuçlarını değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi’nde Ocak 2020- Haziran 2022 tarihleri arasında Mavi Kod çağrısı verilen 83 hastanın verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastaların yaşları, cinsiyetleri, sistemik hastalıkları, çağrının hangi bölümden yapıldığı, ekibin hastaya ulaşma süresi, çağrı sebebi, yapılan müdahale ve uygulamanın sonuçları araştırıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmada 83 hastanın Mavi Kod Bildiri Formu değerlendirildi. Hastaların 53’ü kadın (%63.85) ve 30’u (%36.15) ise erkekti. Yaş ortalaması 32.15 ± 19.53 idi. Çağrıların %25.30’unun pedodonti bölümünden verildiği ve Mavi Kod Ekibinin ortalama 2.38 ± 1.52 dakikada (min/mak: 0.25 / 5.78 dakika) olay yerine ulaştığı tespit edildi.
Sonuç: İki yıllık zaman periodunda herhangi bir arrest ya da pre-arrest vakası olmadığı görüldü. Ekibin her çağrıyı ciddiye alarak olay yerine gittiği, gerekli müdahaleyi yaptıkları ve doğru yönlendirmeler ile istenmeyen hayati risk olasılığını ortadan kaldırdığı sonucuna varıldı.
Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Different Types of CAD/CAM Blocks
Authors: COŞKUN Fikret Özgür , AKBABA Giray Buğra , ATALA Mustafa Hayati , ÖZÜDOĞRU Semanur 
Published: August 2023

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the cytotoxic effects of Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) blocks produced by different companies on human peripheral blood lymphocytes by MTT assay.
Methods: Six different CAD/CAM materials were investigated: feldspar ceramic VM (Vitablocks Mark II ), resin nano-ceramic LU (Lava Ultimate), hybrid ceramic C (Cerasmart), leucite-reinforced ceramic LRF (GC LRF), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic VS (Vita Suprinity), polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network VE (Vita Enamic). A total of 36 disc-shaped samples (Ø: 5 mm; h: 2 mm) were prepared from commercial blanks and blocks. Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity were assessed at 24h and 48h using MTT assay. The data were statistically evaluated with the Two-way ANOVA test (p < 0.05).
Results: MTT viability data at 24 h showed that group VM and LU blocks were mildly cytotoxic, but there was no statistically significant difference when compared with other groups (p>0.05). It was determined that all blocks caused cell proliferation after 48 hours of exposure (p>0.05). It has been shown that all blocks whose cytotoxic effects were investigated did not cause any toxic effects (except VM and LU for 24 h) at different application times (24 h and 48 h).
Conclusion: Based on the results obtained and the limitations of the current in vitro study, the tested materials were not cytotoxic. Only VM and LU caused negligible cytotoxicity at 24-hour exposure.