bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Joinpoint regression for drug utilization research: Tutorial and case study of prescription opioid use in the United States
Authors: Hincapie‐Castillo Juan M. , Goodin Amie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeDrug utilization researchers are often interested in evaluating prescribing and medication use patterns and trends over a specified period of time. Joinpoint regression is a useful methodology to identify any deviations in secular trends without a preconceived notion of where these break points might occur. This article provides a tutorial on the use of joinpoint regression, within Joinpoint software, for the analysis of drug utilization data.MethodsThe statistical considerations for whether a joinpoint regression analytical technique is a suitable approach are discussed. Then, we offer a tutorial as an introduction on conducting joinpoint regression (within Joinpoint software) through a step‐by‐step application, which is a case study developed using opioid prescribing data from the United States. Data were obtained from public files available through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 2006 to 2018. The tutorial provides parameters and sample data needed to replicate the case study and it concludes with general considerations for the reporting of results using joinpoint regression in drug utilization research.ResultsThe case study evaluated the trend of opioid prescribing in the United States from 2006 to 2018, where time points of significant variation (one in 2012 and another in 2016) are detected and interpreted.ConclusionsJoinpoint regression is a helpful methodology for drug utilization for the purposes of conducting descriptive analyses. This tool also assists with corroborating assumptions and identifying parameters for fitting other models such as interrupted time series. The technique and accompanying software are user‐friendly; however, researchers interested in using joinpoint regression should exercise caution and follow best practices for correct measurement of drug utilization.
Novel SLC30A2 mutations in the pathogenesis of transient neonatal zinc deficiency
Authors: Muto Taichiro , Kawase Yuriko , Aiba Kaori , Okuma Miyuki , Itsumura Naoya , Luo Shuangyu , Ogawa Namino , Tsuji Tokuji , Kambe Taiho 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTImportanceTransient neonatal zinc deficiency (TNZD) occurs in breastfed infants due to abnormally low breast milk zinc levels. Mutations in the solute carrier family 30 member 2 (SLC30A2) gene, which encodes the zinc transporter ZNT2, cause low zinc concentration in breast milk.ObjectiveThis study aimed to provide further insights into TNZD pathophysiology.MethodsSLC30A2 sequencing was performed in three unrelated Japanese mothers, whose infants developed TNZD due to low‐zinc milk consumption. The effects of the identified mutations were examined using cell‐based assays and luciferase reporter analysis.ResultsNovel SLC30A2 mutations were identified in each mother. One harbored a heterozygous missense mutation in the ZNT2 zinc‐binding site, which resulted in defective zinc transport. The other two mothers exhibited multiple heterozygous mutations in the SLC30A2 promoter, the first mutations in the SLC30A2 regulatory region reported to date.InterpretationThis report provides new genetic insights into TNZD pathogenesis in breastfed infants.
Shapes of the uterine cavity are different in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Fujii Shunsaku , Oguchi Takaaki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeA cross‐sectional study was conducted to evaluate differences in uterine morphology between women with or without polycystic ovary syndrome.MethodsThe authors recruited 333 infertile reproductive‐age women including 93 with polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosed using the criteria of the Japanese Society of Obstetrics Gynecology‐2007. Shapes of uterine cavity were measured by transvaginal three‐dimensional ultrasound.ResultsThe polycystic ovary syndrome group had a significantly deeper indentation (2.2 ± 0.4 mm vs. 0.0 ± 0.2 mm, p < 0.0001) and a significantly more acute indentation angle (162.9 ± 2.2 deg vs. 175.2 ± 1.3 deg, p < 0.0001) than the control group.ConclusionThe depth and the apical angle of fundal indentation of uterine cavity are different in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Event‐based robust performance guarantee for nonaffine plants via system identification
Authors: Wang Ding , Zhou Zihang , Li Menghua , Ren Jin , Qiao Junfei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, by making use of recurrent neural networks (RNNs), a novel event‐based robust optimal controller is designed for a category of continuous‐time (CT) nonlinear nonaffine systems with disturbances. For tackling the optimal‐robust problem transformation and the performance guarantee, a system identifier is developed to reconstruct the system, and an event‐triggered critic‐only strategy is investigated to replace the traditional time‐based actor‐critic structure. The RNN is adopted to reconstruct the nonaffine system as an identifier for obtaining the affine model. It simplifies the system structure and reduces computational burdens. In addition, the stability of the unknown nominal system learned by the RNN is proved. Then, using the obtained system identifier and the adaptive critic learning structure, the proposed event‐triggered robust control with performance guarantee is realized. At last, the effectiveness of the given design method is verified by two simulation examples.
Can surface‐applied biochar improve soil health and plant performance in a perennial cool‐season grass forage system?
Authors: Li Xiuwen , Lazicki Patricia , Neelipally R. T. , Walker Forbes R. , Jagadamma Sindhu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBiochar boasts several benefits as a soil amendment. However, few studies have evaluated its effectiveness in forage systems with limited soil disturbance and few external inputs. Biochar's effects vary with application method, rate, and frequency. To study the impact of various rates of biochar in forage systems, we conducted a 2‐year field experiment on a tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.)] dominated field in southeastern United States. In April 2017, we surface‐applied six rates of wood biochar (0, 4.5, 9, 13.5, 18, and 22.5 Mg ha−1) in a randomized complete block design with four replications. We collected soil samples from 0 to 15 cm depth biannually from June 2017 to December 2018, and harvested plants in May 2017 and 2018. We determined forage biomass and nutritive value as well as soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N), microbial biomass carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), and available nutrients. Biochar's effects on soil properties at 0–15 cm increased with, but were not proportional to, application rates. After 2 years, biochar rates of at least 9 Mg ha−1 had resulted in a 16% to 24% increase in SOC, a 15% to 30% increase in total N, and a 12% to 21% increase in extractable P compared with an unamended control. At all rates, biochar reduced soil mineral N relative to the control during the first year after application. Biochar increased plant potassium (K) uptake by 16% to 26% in the first year but did not affect biomass or nutritive value in either year. Our results demonstrate that surface application of biochar has the potential to improve soil health in perennial cool‐season grass forage systems without adversely affecting yields.
Environmental cost of food wastage: Integrated response through a mix of environmental policy instruments
Authors: Jain Pratyush , Sarawgi Anjali , Jain Pragati 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFood, when wasted, reaches landfills and emits greenhouse gases. The impact of greenhouse gases (GHGs), in turn, is felt by even those who do not waste food in the place. Externalities thus created are known to distort market efficiency and the most widely discussed externality is climate change. This study takes the case of United States of America (USA) to ascertain the GHGs resulting due to food wastage. The difference between cost per capita due to emissions from animal‐based products and emissions from plant‐based products comes out to be $122. In the year 1997 total GHG emission for the entire population of the USA due to food wastage was 401.98 billion kgCO2eq, costing the country 45.42 billion US dollars. Two decades later, in 2017, the food waste costs went up by 6 billion US dollars amounting to 51.14 billion US dollars and 452.64 billion kgCO2eq of GHG emissions The novelty of this research lies in highlighting the carbon footprints of food wastage in terms of GHG's and monetizing these emissions. The study proposes an integrated response through a mix of environmental policy instruments of economic incentives, command and control and moral suasion.
Sanierung der Neuen Strombrücke Magdeburg
Authors: Hannebrook Lutz , Moldenhauer Florian , Eins Karsten , Seidel Martin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIm Zuge des Ersatzneubaus des Strombrückenzugs über drei Elbarme ist neben dem Neubau der Schrägseilbrücke über die Alte Elbe und dem Neubau der Brücke über die Zollelbe auch die im Bestand befindliche Neue Strombrücke über die Stromelbe zu sanieren. Die Bestandsstruktur wird dabei planmäßig durch Verstärkungsmaßnahmen ertüchtigt. Vorhandene Stahlbauschäden werden instand gesetzt und der Korrosionsschutz wird vollflächig erneuert. Der Beitrag geht insbesondere auf die mit der Montage von massiven flachen Stahllamellen an der Brückenuntersicht verbundenen technischen Lösungen ein.
Using cost‐effectiveness analysis to compare density‐estimation methods for large‐scale wildlife management
Authors: Delisle Zackary J. , McGovern Patrick G. , Dillman Brian G. , Reeling Carson J. , Caudell Joe N. , Swihart Robert K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDensity estimates for animal populations often inform conservation and management decisions. Many methods to estimate animal density exist but deciding between competing alternatives traditionally has depended upon assessing multiple factors (e.g., precision, total cost, area sampled) independently and often in an ad hoc manner. Cost‐effectiveness analysis is a tool that economists use to decide objectively between competing alternatives. We extend cost‐effectiveness analysis to simultaneously integrate precision and per‐area cost of sampling when selecting between competing techniques used to estimate animal density both after a single application of a method and across several applications of capital equipment. Our extension allows for weighting of factors that may vary with the objectives and constraints of decision makers. We apply our extension of cost‐effectiveness analysis to a case study in which population density of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was estimated in 3 large management units in Indiana, USA, using 3 competing distance‐sampling methods: fecal‐pellet, camera‐trap, and aerial sampling. The unweighted cost effectiveness of aerial sampling with color and infrared sensors was usually superior after a single application of each method and was always superior across several applications in differing landscapes. Pellet sampling was the most cost effective after a single application of each method in an agriculturally‐dominated management unit. Although camera sampling has increased in popularity, the cost effectiveness of camera sampling was poorer than the other 2 methods, even when allowing for potential future innovations to streamline data processing. Cost‐effectiveness analysis can be useful when selecting among competing methods for monitoring animal populations of conservation and management importance. The same principles used in our cost‐effectiveness analysis can be used to decide between competing alternatives related to any ecological monitoring in addition to density estimation.
Spatial and Temporal Considerations of Optogenetic Tools in an All-Optical Single-Beam Experiment
Authors: Holder Damaris , Prigge Matthias 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAll-optical experiments promise neuroscientists an unprecedented possibility to manipulate and measure neuronal circuits with single-cell resolution. They rely on highly fine-tuned microscopes with complex optical designs. Of similar importance are genetically encoded optical actuators and indicators that also have to be optimized for such experiments. A particular challenge in these experiments is the detection of natural firing patterns via genetically encoded indicators while avoiding optical cross-activation of neurons that are photon-sensitized to allow optical replay of these patterns. Most optogenetic tools are sensitive in a broad spectral range within the visible spectrum, which impedes artifact-free read-and-write access to neuronal circuits. Nonetheless, carefully matching biophysical properties of actuators and indicators can permit unambiguous excitation with a single wavelength in a so-called single-beam all-optical experiment.In this chapter, we evaluate the current understanding of these biological probes and describe the possibilities and limitations of those tools in the context of the all-optical single-beam experiment. Furthermore, we review new insights into the photophysical properties of actuators, and propose a new strategy for a single-beam two-photon excitation experiment to monitor activity minimizing cross-activation with the actuators. Finally, we will highlight aspects for future developments of these tools.
A Geostatistical Heterogeneity Metric for Spatial Feature Engineering
Authors: Liu Wendi , Garland Léan E. , Ochoa Jesus , Pyrcz Michael J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHeterogeneity is a vital spatial feature for subsurface resource recovery predictions, such as mining grade tonnage functions, hydrocarbon recovery factor, and water aquifer draw-down predictions. Feature engineering presents the opportunity to integrate heterogeneity information, but traditional heterogeneity engineered features like Dykstra-Parsons and Lorenz coefficients ignore the spatial context; therefore, are not sufficient to quantify the heterogeneity over multiple scales of spatial intervals to inform predictive machine learning models. We propose a novel use of dispersion variance as a spatial-engineered feature that accounts for heterogeneity within the spatial context, including spatial continuity and sample data and model volume support size to improve predictive machine-learning-based models, e.g., for pre-drill prediction and uncertainty quantification. Dispersion variance is a generalized form of variance that accounts for volume support size and can be calculated from the semivariogram-based spatial continuity model. We demonstrate dispersion variance as a useful predictor feature for the case of hydrocarbon recovery prediction, with the ability to quantify the spatial variation over the support size of the production well drainage radius, given the spatial continuity from the variogram and trajectory of the well. We include a synthetic example based on geostatistical models and flow simulation to show the sensitivity of dispersion variance to production. Then we demonstrate the dispersion variance as an informative predictor feature for production forecasting with a field case study in the Duvernay formation.
Methodology for Defining the Optimal Drilling Grid in a Laterite Nickel Deposit Based on a Conditional Simulation
Authors: Neves Claudia Mara Sperandio , Costa João Felipe Coimbra Leite , Souza Leonardo , Guimaraes Fernando , Dias Geraldo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn mining projects, the confidence in an estimate is associated with the quantity and quality of the available information. Thus, the closer the data to the targeted location, the smaller the error associated with the estimated value. In the advanced stages of a project (i.e. the pre-feasibility and feasibility phases), it is usual to take samples derived from drillings. Since sampling and chemical analysis involve high costs, it is essential that these costs contribute to a reduction in the uncertainty of estimation. This paper presents a workflow for a case study of a lateritic nickel deposit and proposes a methodology to address the issue of optimising the drilling grid based on uncertainty derived from Gaussian conditional geostatistical simulations. The usefulness of the proposed workflow is demonstrated in terms of saving time and money when selecting a drill hole grid.
LSTM-Based Deep Learning Method for Automated Detection of Geophysical Signatures in Mining
Authors: Balamurali Mehala , Silversides Katherine L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe mining of stratified ore deposits requires detailed knowledge of the location of orebody boundaries. In the Banded Iron Formation (BIF) hosted iron ore deposits located in the Pilbara region of Western Australia the natural gamma logs are useful tool to identify stratigraphic boundaries. However, manually interpreting these features is subjective and time consuming due to the large volume of data. In this study, we propose a novel approach to automatically detect natural gamma signatures. We implemented a LSTM based algorithm for automated detection of signatures. We achieved a relatively high accuracy using gamma sequences with and without added noise. Further, no feature extraction or selection is performed in this work. Hence, LSTM can be used to detect different signatures in natural gamma logs even with noise. So, this system can be introduced in mining as an aid for geoscientists.
Spectral Simulation of Gaussian Vector Random Fields on the Sphere
Authors: Alegría Alfredo , Emery Xavier , Freulon Xavier , Lantuéjoul Christian , Porcu Emilio , Renard Didier 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIsotropic Gaussian random fields on the sphere are used in astronomy, geophysics, oceanography, climatology and remote sensing applications. However, to date, there is a lack of simulation algorithms that reproduce the spatial covariance structure without any approximation and, at the same time, are parsimonious in terms of computation time and memory storage requirements. This work presents two such algorithms that rely on the spectral representation of isotropic covariances on the sphere. Both algorithms are illustrated with synthetic examples.
Finding Worlds Worth Living in
Authors: Kemmis Stephen , Mahon Kathleen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter discusses diverse views of worlds worth living in, as described by different groups of students, young people, and adults. It also highlights how the project of research and writing that produced this volume is an example of criticalpraxis: history making action directed towards realising the good for humankind. Perhaps, in this, it is an example of what Anna Stetsenko calls a ‘transformative activist stance’. In researching and articulating views of worlds worth living in, the contributors to the volume, and the participants with whom they spoke, not only began to imagine worlds worth living in, they also began to realise them.
Kooperation zwischen Rettungsdienst und kommunaler Altenhilfe: ein Weg zur Entlastung der Notfallversorgung?
Authors: Schönemann-Gieck Petra , Hagner Norbert , Groß Iris , von Schilling Ulrike 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungHintergrundSeit Jahren wächst der Druck auf die Notfallversorgung. Rettungsdienste werden zunehmend mit sozialen und pflegerischen Handlungsbedarfen älterer Notrufender konfrontiert. Mangels Alternativen werden diese Personen vielfach, auch ohne akutmedizinischen Handlungsbedarf, in Krankenhäuser transportiert. Ein 2018 in Wiesbaden entwickeltes Kooperationsverfahren zwischen Rettungsdienst und kommunalen Beratungsstellen für selbständiges Leben im Alter zielt darauf ab, Rettungskräften ein Instrument an die Hand zu geben, ältere Personen mit sozialen Bedarfen zu melden und so Krankenhausaufnahmen aufgrund „sozialer Indikation“ zu vermeiden.Material und MethodenEs wurden 494 Meldungen der Rettungskräfte ausgewertet und mit den Rückmeldungen der Sozialarbeitenden verglichen. Neben diesen fallbezogenen Daten geht eine Befragung von Rettungskräften zur Bewertung des Verfahrens und der Praktikabilität des Meldeinstruments in die Auswertung mit ein.ErgebnisseDie Meldungen durch die Rettungskräfte steigen kontinuierlich; das Verfahren erfährt durch diese Berufsgruppe eine hohe Wertschätzung. Die gemeldeten sozialen Bedarfe der Notrufenden werden durch die Mitarbeitenden der Beratungsstellen größtenteils bestätigt. Häusliche Unterversorgung, soziale Isolation und Verwahrlosung stellen die größten Problembereiche dar. Etwa die Hälfte der Notrufenden konnte zu Hause beraten bzw. mit Unterstützungsangeboten versorgt werden.DiskussionDas Kooperationsverfahren ist ein vielversprechender Ansatz zur Entlastung des Rettungsdiensts und der Krankenhäuser. Das Aufgreifen nichtmedizinischer Bedarfe älterer Notrufpatient*innen durch die kommunalen Beratungsstellen ermöglicht eine frühzeitige und bedarfsgerechte Stabilisierung häuslicher Versorgungssituationen und leistet somit einen Beitrag zur Reduzierung von Krankenhauseinweisungen ohne klinisch-medizinische Indikation.
Sex differences in skeletal muscle-aging trajectory: same processes, but with a different ranking
Authors: de Jong Jelle C.B.C. , Attema Brecht J. , van der Hoek Marjanne D. , Verschuren Lars , Caspers Martien P.M. , Kleemann Robert , van der Leij Feike R. , van den Hoek Anita M. , Nieuwenhuizen Arie G. , Keijer Jaap 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSex differences in muscle aging are poorly understood, but could be crucial for the optimization of sarcopenia-related interventions. To gain insight into potential sex differences in muscle aging, we recruited young (23 ± 2 years, 13 males and 13 females) and old (80 ± 3.5 years, 28 males and 26 females) participants. Males and females in both groups were highly matched, and vastus lateralis muscle parameters of old versus young participants were compared for each sex separately, focusing on gene expression. The overall gene expression profiles separated the sexes, but similar gene expression patterns separated old from young participants in males and females. Genes were indeed regulated in the same direction in both sexes during aging; however, the magnitude of differential expression was sex specific. In males, oxidative phosphorylation was the top-ranked differentially expressed process, and in females, this was cell growth mediated by AKT signaling. Findings from RNA-seq data were studied in greater detail using alternative approaches. In addition, we confirmed our data using publicly available data from three independent human studies. In conclusion, top-ranked pathways differ between males and females, but were present and altered in the same direction in both sexes. We conclude that the same processes are associated with skeletal muscle aging in males and females, but the differential expression of those processes in old vs. young participants is sex specific.