bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating brolucizumab in neovascular AMD: Clinical outcomes from a tertiary care eye hospital
Authors: López‐Cuenca Inés , Fabozzi Lorenzo , Younis Saad , Sen Sagnik , Palmieri Filomena 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: To present real‐world clinical data on the effectiveness of brolucizumab in managing neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD), either as primary therapy or as switch therapy, in a tertiary care eye hospital in London.Methods: This research involved 37 eyes diagnosed with nAMD, all of which received intravitreal injections of brolucizumab. The main metrics assessed were changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) by optical coherence tomography (OCT), as well as the incidence of serious ocular adverse events. Additional evaluations included intraretinal fluid (IRF), subretinal fluid (SRF), subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM), pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs), hyperreflective foci (HF), macular atrophy, and retinal pigment epithelial tears. The patients are classified into: patients not previously treated (Naïve) and patients treated with other anti‐VEGF agents.Results: The average BCVA for all patients after treatment was 0.47 ± 0.33 LogMAR, compared to a baseline of 0.50 ± 0.28 LogMAR (p = 0.372). Treatment‐naïve patients showed a non‐significant improvement in BCVA (p = 0.116). Both treatment‐naïve patients and the entire cohort exhibited a statistically significant reduction in mean CRT following the injections. Most patients showed enhancements in OCT findings, notably in the resolution of IRF, SRF, SHRM, and PEDs. Four eyes developed ocular adverse events, specifically intraocular inflammation.Conclusions: While brolucizumab did not lead to a significant improvement in BCVA, it effectively reduced CRT in both the overall study group and in treatment‐naïve nAMD patients. The study identified intraocular inflammation as a noteworthy adverse event related to brolucizumab. Therefore, careful patient selection, education, and diligent monitoring of inflammation are essential for those receiving this therapy.
Actual lens position of three intraocular lenses in highly myopic eyes: an ultrasound biomicroscopy‐based study
Authors: Qi Jiao , Zhu Xiangjia 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: To evaluate the actual lens positions (ALPs) of three intraocular lenses (IOLs) in highly myopic eyes and to identify relevant factors using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).Methods: Ninety‐three highly myopic eyes (93 patients) that underwent uneventful cataract surgery were included: 36 eyes were implanted with Zeiss 409MP IOLs, 27 with Rayner 920H IOLs, and 30 with HumanOptics MCX11 IOLs. The prediction error (PE), ALP determined by UBM, and the factors associated with ALP at 3 months after surgery were evaluated.Results: The eyes in the MCX11 IOL group had a more hyperopic PE (0.67 ± 0.45 diopters [D]) and greater ALP (4.86 ± 0.39 mm) than those in the 409MP and 920H IOL groups at 3 months after surgery (PE: −0.25 ± 0.54 and −0.16 ± 0.65 D, respectively; ALP: 4.34 ± 0.26 and 4.14 ± 0.32 mm, respectively). The MCX11 IOLs showed more backward bending deformation after surgery than 409MP and 920H IOLs. The radius of curvature of the IOL was negatively correlated with ALP (r=−0.532, p = 0.002) in the MCX11 IOL group, but not in the other two groups. Multivariate analysis showed that MCX11 IOLs were more prone to bending in highly myopic eyes with a smaller anterior capsular opening (β=0.236, p = 0.023) and lower implanted power (β=0.542, p = 0.001).Conclusions: In highly myopic eyes, IOLs with good capsular support show less backward bending, which result in a more stable lens position and refractive status postoperatively. Severe capsular contraction and low implanted power are risk factors for bending of certain IOLs.
Preclinical evaluation on the biocompatibility and biosafety of a new foldable brown‐diaphragm intraocular lens: an in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Zhang Keke , Zhang Shaohua , He Wenwen , Lu Yi , Zhu Xiangjia 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: A new foldable brown‐diaphragm intraocular lens (IOL) was preclinically evaluated in vitro and in vivo by comparing its biocompatibility and biosafety with those of a commercially available IOL.Methods: The new brown‐diaphragm IOL is made of hydrophobic acrylic material, with incorporating a transparent optical zone and surrounding brown diaphragm. Cellular experiments evaluating lens epithelial cell morphology, adhesion, and migration were conducted to exclude cytotoxic effects. Twelve New Zealand rabbits had the new brown‐diaphragm IOL implanted in one eye and another 12 had a commercially available foldable IOL implanted, followed by slit‐lamp evaluations, corneal endothelial cells density measurement and aqueous humor analysis to identify any dye leakage from the brown‐diaphragm IOL. Haematoxylin and eosin staining of ocular tissue and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the IOL surface were performed after 12‐week observation.Results: In vivo experiments showed there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of postoperative inflammation and capsular biocompatibility. There were no significant changes in corneal endothelial cell density between before and after surgery in either group. LC‐MS/MS analysis showed that the target dye was not detected in aqueous humor samples. Histopathology of ocular sections and SEM imaging of IOL surfaces showed similar changes in both groups.Conclusions: The newly‐invented brown‐diaphragm IOL showed good biocompatibility and biosafety. Combined with its foldability and peripheral shading, it could be a new choice for patients with iris defects.
The importance of adequate preparation of the ocular surface before biometry in reducing refractive errors in patients undergoing cataract surgery
Authors: Biela Katarzyna , Winiarczyk Mateusz , Mackiewicz Jerzy 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: To evaluate the impact of dry eye disease (DED) on refractive errors in patients after cataract surgery.Methods: Fifty patients undergoing cataract surgery were studied. Two study groups and a control group were distinguished. The first study group (group A, n = 22, 44%) were patients with preoperatively diagnosed DED who received appropriate treatment (eyelid margin hygiene and moisturizing the ocular surface). The second study group (group B, n = 14, 28%) were patients in whom such treatment was also implemented, despite the lack of a diagnosis of DED. The remaining patients (n = 14, 28%) were the control group (Group C). Biometric measurements with calculation of intraocular lens (IOL) power were performed twice in all of them (before and after treatment of DED). Refraction and refractive errors were evaluated one month after surgery.Results: Significant improvement in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was obtained in all groups after surgical treatment. In both study groups, a significant reduction in the mean absolute error (MAE) after the treatment was achieved – in study group A, the MAE was 0.37 ± 0.30 D vs 0.24 ± 0.33 D, p = 0.003. In study group B, MAE was 0.29 ± 0.26 D vs 0.23 ± 0.23 D, p = 0.017. The control group showed no difference in MAE (0.27 ± 0.18D vs 0.33 ± 0.21 D, p = 0.322). In study group A, there was a significant reduction in the percentage of MAE in the ± 0.25 D range (36.36% vs 77.27%, p = 0.016). The results are comparable with previous publications.Conclusions: Diagnosis and treatment of dry eye syndrome before cataract surgery is an important factor in reducing refractive errors after surgery. The use of lubricating drops and eyelid margin hygiene before biometry can be considered for all patients undergoing cataract surgery.
Carlevale intraocular lens refractive predictability: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Dias Bruno Guerreiro , Matos Diogo Bernardo , Marques‐Neves Carlos , Faria Mun Yueh , Ferreira Nuno Pinto 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the refractive predictability of the sutureless scleral fixation Carlevale intraocular lens (IOL) for the correction of aphakia in the absence of capsular support.Methods: Retrospective cohort study. Consecutive patients implanted with Carlevale IOL between February 2020 and February 2024, with a minimum follow‐up of 3 months, were included. Exclusion criteria included use of toric IOLs and absence of postoperative refraction due to a severely limited visual acuity or lack of cooperation. The clinical data were acquired from the patients' records. Primary outcome was the postoperative spherical equivalent deviation (PSED) in relation to the preoperative refractive target. Secondary outcomes included the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), surgically induced astigmatism (SIA), and postoperative complications.Results: A total of 44 eyes were implanted with the Carlevale IOL in the study period. Of these, 30 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the statistical analysis. The mean follow‐up time was 18.3 ± 11.7 months, and the mean age at the time of surgery was 70.93 ± 16.28 years. The most common surgical indications were aphakia after complicated cataract surgery (40%, n = 12), IOL dislocation (33.3%, n = 10), and aphakia after trauma (20%, n = 6). The PSED was ‐0.62 ± 1.51 diopters, with no statistically significant difference between surgical indication groups (p = 0.606). BCVA showed a statistically significant increase from 1.52 ± 0.88 to 0.42 ± 0.41 logMAR (p < 0.001). The trauma group had worse BCVA results (p = 0.013). The SIA was 1.14 ± 1.93 diopters. Regarding postoperative complications, the most common were transient ocular hypertension (20%), bleeding (hyphema or hemovitreous; 13.3%), and cystoid macular edema (6.6%).Conclusions: The Carlevale IOL is a valuable option in our arsenal for managing aphakic eyes with no capsular support. It appears to provide acceptable predictability in refractive outcomes, with low astigmatism and few associated complications.
Clinical impact of intraocular lens tilt and decentration on visual outcome in patients undergoing cataract surgery
Authors: Rodríguez Laura Moreno , Tielas Lourdes Salgueiro , Sánchez‐Lozano Azahara , García‐Onrubia Luis , Velarde‐Rodríguez Gonzalo , Faria‐Ribeiro Miguel Ángel , Alejandre‐Alba Nicolás 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: To study the association between best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and tilt and decentration of Clareon intraocular lenses (IOL) (CNA0T0). Additionally, to evaluate the best corrected visual acuity for intermediate distance (BCVA‐ID), the kappa angle represented as the distance of the Mu chord (CMu), the white‐to‐white distance (WTW), axial length (AL), and capsulorhexis characteristics.Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted including both eyes of a total of 111 patients. BCVA and BCVA‐ID (60cm) were expressed in LogMAR. Photographs were taken to assess the circularity, area, and principal radii of the capsulorhexis. The tilt and decentration of the IOL, as well as the WTW distance, were measured with anterior segment OCT (CASIA II). AL and CMu were evaluated with the IOL Master 700 biometer.Results: The median monocular and binocular BCVA were 0.00 [IQR 0.05] and ‐0.02 [0.1], respectively, while the median BCVA‐ID was 0.6 [0.06] and 0.49 [0.06]. The median IOL tilt was 5.30 [1.50], with a decentration of 0.23 [0.17]. The median WTW distance was 11.82 [0.53], the median CMu was 0.35 [0.21], and the capsulorhexis circularity was 93.7 [6] %.In the correlation analysis, no significant association was observed between IOL tilt and BCVA (r = 0.03 p = 0.63); however, there was a significant association with BCVA‐ID (r = ‐0.16 p = 0.01). None of the other variables showed correlation, except for IOL tilt and CMu (r = 0.20 p < 0.001) and AL (r = ‐0.35 p < 0.001).Conclusions: IOL tilt is not correlated with best corrected visual acuity for distance, although it is correlated with intermediate distance visual acuity. The measured values of tilt and decentration are low, suggesting good postoperative stability of the intraocular lens.Study partially supported by an Investigator Initiated Trial Grant from Alcon (#78232309).
The use of the smart eye camera device for cataract screening in the endocrine and ophthalmology clinics in a general hospital in Jordan
Authors: Khalil Mohammed , Abu‐Ismail Luai , Imran Mohammed Abu , Khemlani Rohan , Nakayama Shintaro , Nishimura Hiroki , Shimizu Eisuke 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: To asses the usefuleness of the Smart Eye Camera (SEC) slit light device by OUI Inc. in comparing the prevalence of cataract in diabetic and non‐diabetic patients in an outpatient setting in a general hospital in Jordan. The study aims also to delineate risk factors for the development of cataract in diabetic patients.Methods: 207 patients (414 eyes) were examined using the SEC device which captures videos of the anterior segment similar to a slit lamp exam. After completion of data collection, web‐saved videos were reviewed and grades of cataract or each eye were recorded using a modified LOCS III (lens opacity classification system). The assigned observer recorded nuclear, cortical and posterior subcapsular grades for each eye from 0 to 5.Results: Mean age was 55 (range 40‐85). After exclusion of 19 pseudophakic eyes and 3 low quality images, 204 patients (392 eyes, 198 right (OD) and 194 OS (left) eyes) were analyzed. Nuclear cataract was found in 114 eyes (29%), cortical cataract in 104 eyes (27%) and posterior subcapsuar in 77 eyes (20%). Overall, odds ratio for developing cataract in diabetes in this study population was 1.606, with a p‐value of 0.09. Also the relative risk of developing cataract in diabetes was 1.123. A second and third observer independently evaluated the SEC videos and recorded their findings. Interobserver agreement kappa value was fair to moderate especially for nuclear cataract. Posterior subcapsular cataract was difficult to assess with no means of retroillumination on the device. Additionally, we looked into possible assosiations between DM control, comorbidities and medciations used by diabetic patients and the development of cataract, especially hypertension, thyroid disease and hyperlipidemia. All diabetic patients were type 2 with 34.2% having a Hba1c > 7.5Conclusions: The Smart Eye Camera is a small, fast and accurate tool for the diagnosis and grading of cataract in the outpatient setting and would be very helpful on a national scale for cataract screening, especially in the rural areas and in clinical trials. Moreover, cataract tends to be more common in diabetic patients in Jordan probably through multifactorial mechanisms.References
Evaluation of Nuclear Cataract with Smartphone‐Attachable Slit‐Lamp Device by Hiroyuki Yazu et al in Diagnostics 2020, 10, 576
Impact of time to idebenone initiation on visual acuity in leber hereditary optic neuropathy: Post hoc analysis of the leros study
Authors: Carelli Valerio , Yu‐Wai‐Man Patrick , Llòria Xavier , Silva Magda Joana , Klopstock Thomas 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: It is not yet established whether time of idebenone treatment initiation from symptom onset (Ti) impacts the clinical outcome of patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). LEROS, a Phase IV, open‐label, international, natural‐history controlled study (NCT02774005), assessed the long‐term efficacy of idebenone in the treatment of LHON.1 In this post‐hoc analysis of LEROS study data, we report visual acuity (VA) endpoints by Ti.Methods: VA endpoints at last visit were assessed as previously described, in idebenone‐treated eyes from the LEROS study with an observation time of 12–24 months (m) and a m.11778G > A mitochondrial DNA mutation.1 In this post‐hoc analysis, eyes were stratified by Ti. No statistical comparisons were performed.Results: Median [range, n] age at baseline was similar regardless of Ti (0–3m: 32.2y [12.6–49.6, 10]; 3–6m: 36.2y [12.6–62.5, 21]; 6–9m: 37.4y [12.6–64.5, 20]; 9–12m: 33.0y [19.5–49.6, 19]; 12–24m: 32.4y [12.1–60.2, 44]; > 24m: 34.7y [12.4–62.4, 61]). VA endpoints at last visit were also similar regardless of Ti; however, minor differences were observed. Eyes that were 3–6m from symptom onset at treatment initiation had the best median [interquartile range (IQR)] VA at last visit (0–3m: 1.27 [0.40–1.68]; 3–6m: 1.22 [0.30–1.80]; 6–9m: 1.40 [1.02–1.56]; 9–12m: 1.52 [0.98–1.60]; 12–24m: 1.39 [0.58–1.74]; > 24m: 1.32 [0.90–1.62]) and the best median [IQR] VA change from last visit to baseline (0–3m: 0.08 [‐0.20–0.62]; 3–6m: ‐0.20 [‐0.46–0.10]; 6–9m: ‐0.11 [‐0.19–0.00]; 9–12m: ‐0.10 [‐0.48– ‐0.04]; 12–24m: ‐0.09 [‐0.47–0.00]; > 24m: ‐0.06 [‐0.18–0.00]).Conclusions: LEROS study data provides important insights into the impact of time of treatment initiation on VA outcome. However, given the small number of eyes and large variation in the data, caution must be taken in interpreting these results.References1. Yu‐Wai‐Man P et al. Cell Rep Med. 2024;5:101437.
Visual acuity outcomes by causative mutation in the natural history of leber hereditary optic neuropathy: Analysis of historical data from case record survey‐2 (CRS‐2)
Authors: Yu‐Wai‐Man Patrick , van Everdingen Judith , Leroy Bart , Krawczynski Maciej , Lamperti Costanza , Carelli Valerio , Llòria Xavier , Klopstock Thomas 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: The clinical progression of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is influenced by the causative mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation. The Case Record Survey‐2 (CRS‐2; NCT02796274) aimed to establish the natural history of LHON in idebenone‐naïve patients. Here, we report the 12‐ and 24‐month clinical outcomes by mutation.Methods: Data were extracted from case records (20 sites, 7 European countries) meeting the criteria: aged ≥12 y, m.11778G > A, m.3460G > A or m.14484T > C mtDNA mutation, onset of symptoms (OoS) after 1999, ≥2 visual acuity assessments (VAA) within 5y of OoS. Baseline (BL) was the first VAA after OoS; subacute/dynamic (S/D) and chronic eyes were ≤1 or > 1 y from OoS at BL, respectively. Spontaneous clinically relevant recovery, stabilisation and worsening (sCRR, sCRS and sCRW, respectively) were calculated as previously described.1 Eyes eligible for analysis had a VAA 12±3 or 24±3 months from BL.Results: Eligible eyes included 96 S/D and 11 chronic eyes for the 12‐month analysis and 44 S/D and 2 chronic eyes for the 24‐month analysis.At 12 months, rates of sCRR, sCRS and sCRW in overall S/D eyes were: 13% (12/96), 26% (11/42) and 66% (50/76), respectively. By mutation, these rates were: m.11778G > A: 9% (6/68), 23% (7/30), 70% (37/53); m.3460G > A: 0% (0/16), 29% (2/7), 82% (9/11); and m.14484T > C: 50% (6/12), 40% (2/5), 33% (4/12), respectively. There were few chronic eyes, with overall rates of 18% (2/11), 100% (2/2) and 67% (4/6), respectively.At 24 months, rates of sCRR, sCRS and sCRW in overall S/D eyes were: 27% (12/44), 46% (10/22) and 46% (16/35), respectively. By mutation, these rates were: m.11778G > A: 11% (3/27), 33% (5/15), 57% (13/23); m.3460G > A: 50% (7/14), 67% (4/6), 33% (3/9); and m.14484T > C: 67% (2/3), 100% (1/1), 0% (0/3), respectively.Conclusions: The CRS‐2 study offers important insights into the impact of causative mutation on the natural history of LHON.References1. Yu‐Wai‐Man P, et al. Cell Rep Med. 2024;5:101437.
Myopi‐X spectacle lenses vs atropine 0.01% for myopia control: Turkish study
Authors: Akagun Nilay , Altiparmak Emrah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The global surge in myopia poses significant health and economic challenges due to associated complications. Current myopia management strategies include atropine eye drops, orthokeratology, special design contact lenses, and myopia‐control spectacle lenses. The Miyopi‐X (Novax®) spectacle lens is a novel peripheral defocus progressive addition lens designed to mitigate myopia progression. This study aims to assess the efficacy of Miyopi‐X spectacle lenses compared to single vision lenses (SV) and atropine 0.01% eye drops in myopia management.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients aged 5–18 years. Clinical records of patients using Myopi‐X lenses, SV lenses, and those receiving atropine 0.01% eye drop treatment between September 1, 2022, and September 30, 2023, were reviewed. Primary outcome measures included cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SE) and axial length (AL) measured at baseline and 12 months.Results: The study included 92 patients: 41 in the Myopi‐X group, 25 in the SV group, and 26 in the atropine group. At 12 months, both Myopi‐X and atropine 0.01% groups exhibited significantly less SE progression than SV lenses (p < 0.001). No significant difference in SE change was observed between Myopi‐X and atropine 0.01% (p: 0.90). Similarly, both Myopi‐X and atropine 0.01% groups showed significantly less AL progression than SV lenses at 12 months (p < 0.001). However, pairwise comparisons revealed a significant difference in AL change between Myopi‐X and atropine 0.01% groups (p: 0.02), with atropine 0.01% demonstrating better control over axial elongation compared to Myopi‐X lenses.Conclusions: Miyopi‐X lenses and atropine 0.01% are effective in slowing myopic axial elongation. This study represents the first of its kind conducted on Turkish myopic children/adolescents.References
Yam JC, Jiang Y, Tang SM, Law AKP, Chan JJ, Wong E, Ko ST, et al. Low‐Concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression (LAMP) Study: A Randomized, Double‐Blinded, Placebo‐Controlled Trial of 0.05%, 0.025%, and 0.01% Atropine Eye Drops in Myopia Control. Ophthalmology. 2019;126:113‐124.
Holden BA, Fricke TR, Wilson DA, Jong M, Naidoo KS et al. Global Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia and Temporal Trends from 2000 through 2050. Ophthalmology. 2016;123:1036‐42.