bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Destabilization of Emulsion Oil Separation by using Chemical Coagulation Process: Preliminary Investigation for Effective Analysis
Authors: Bou Kimhor , Poev Sakada , Chan Rathborey , Ham Phaly , Bun Saret 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Removal of pollutants produced by industrial plants requires reusing of water and access to the environment standard. The chemical coagulation process is a convectional method for wastewater treatment to reduce chemical oxygen demand and total suspend solids. The objective of this work is to study the effect of initial pH, coagulant type, and chemical dosage used on the separation performance at different initial oil concentrations. Based on the result, 800 mg/L of aluminum sulphate could remove up to 80% of 1g/L and 2g/L residual oil in wastewater, whereas residual 3g/L of that in wastewater with pH ranging from 7 to 8 could be removed up to 90%. In the instance of ferric chloride, the high removal efficiency of residual oil in wastewater could be achieved by utilizing a coagulant concentration ranging from 500 mg/L to 900 mg/L. Results show that, 700 mg/L of ferric chloride could remove up to 90% of residual oil in synthetic wastewater (1 g/L, 2 g/L, and 3 g/L). However, the aluminum sulphate could only remove 60–85 % of the total oil within the same dosage. In summary, further study on the possibility of ferric chloride in removing residual oil from wastewater could be considered.
Development and characterization of biological sutures made of cell-assembled extracellular matrix
Authors: Borchiellini Paul , Rames Adeline , Roubertie François , L’Heureux Nicolas , Kawecki Fabien 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Most vascular surgical repair procedures, such as vessel anastomoses, requires using suture materials that are mechanically efficient and accepted by the patient’s body. These materials are essentially composed of synthetic polymers, such as polypropylene (ProleneTM) or polyglactin (VicrylTM). However, once implanted in patients, they are recognized as foreign bodies, and the patient’s immune system will degrade, encapsulate, or even expel them. In this study, we developed innovative biological sutures for cardiovascular surgical repairs using Cell-Assembled extracellular Matrix (CAM)-based ribbons. After a mechanical characterization of the CAM-based ribbons, sutures were made with hydrated or twisted/dried ribbons with an initial width of 2 or 3 mm. These biological sutures were mechanically characterized and used to anastomose ex vivo animal aortas. Data showed that our biological sutures display lower permeability and higher burst resistance than standard ProleneTM suture material. In vivo carotid anastomoses realized in sheep demonstrated that our biological sutures are compatible with standard vascular surgery techniques. Echography confirmed the absence of thrombus and perfect homeostasis with no blood leakage was obtained within the first 10 min after closing the anastomosis. Finally, our findings confirmed the effectiveness and clinical relevance of these innovative biological sutures.
Effectiveness of successive booster vaccine doses against SARS-CoV-2 related mortality in residents of long-term care facilities in the VIVALDI study
Authors: Stirrup Oliver , Shrotri Madhumita , Adams Natalie L , Krutikov Maria , Azmi Borscha , Monakhov Igor , Tut Gokhan , Moss Paul , Hayward Andrew , Copas Andrew , Shallcross Laura 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused severe disease in unvaccinated long-term care facility (LTCF) residents. Initial booster vaccination following primary vaccination is known to provide strong short-term protection, but data are limited on duration of protection and the protective effect of further booster vaccinations.

Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of third, fourth and fifth dose booster vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 related mortality amongst older residents of LTCFs.

Design
Prospective cohort study.

Setting
LTCFs for older people in England participating in the VIVALDI study.

Methods
Residents aged &gt;65 years at participating LTCFs were eligible for inclusion if they had at least one polymerase chain reaction or lateral flow device result within the analysis period 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2022. We excluded individuals who had not received at least two vaccine doses before the analysis period. Cox regression was used to estimate relative hazards of SARS-CoV-2 related mortality following 1–3 booster vaccinations compared with primary vaccination, stratified by previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and adjusting for age, sex and LTCF size (total beds).

Results
A total of 13,407 residents were included. Our results indicate that third, fourth and fifth dose booster vaccination provide additional short-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 related mortality relative to primary vaccination, with consistent stabilisation beyond 112 days to 45–75% reduction in risk relative to primary vaccination.

Conclusions
Successive booster vaccination doses provide additional short-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 related mortality amongst older LTCF residents. However, we did not find evidence of a longer-term reduction in risk beyond that provided by initial booster vaccination.
Factors that influence older adults’ participation in physical activity: a systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Meredith Samantha J , Cox Natalie J , Ibrahim Kinda , Higson Joanna , McNiff Jessica , Mitchell Stephanie , Rutherford Matthew , Wijayendran Anusan , Shenkin Susan D , Kilgour Alixe H M , Lim Stephen E R 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Despite the advantages of physical activity (PA), older adults are often insufficiently active to maximise health. Understanding factors that influence PA engagement will support well-designed interventions for older people. Our aim was to review the qualitative evidence exploring the factors affecting older adults’ engagement in PA.

Methods
We searched six electronic databases for studies of community-dwelling older adults (≥70 years) including qualitative methods. We excluded studies of a single-disease group, individuals with cognitive impairment and care home residents. Methodological rigour was assessed with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, and framework synthesis was applied using the Capability Opportunity Motivation—Behaviour (COM-B) model, which hypothesises that behaviour is influenced by three factors: capability, opportunity and motivation.

Results
Twenty-five studies were included in the review (N = 4,978; mean 79 years) and 32 themes were identified. Older adults’ capability was influenced by functional capacity (e.g. strength) and perceived risk of injury from PA (e.g. falls). Opportunity was impacted by the environment ‘fit’ (e.g. neighbourhood safety), the availability of social interaction and socio-cultural ageing stereotypes. PA was motivated by identifying as an ‘exerciser’, health gains and experiencing positive emotions (e.g. enjoyment), whereas negative sensations (e.g. pain) reduced motivation.

Conclusions
The qualitative synthesis showcased a complex web of interacting factors influencing PA between the sub-domains of COM-B, pinpointing directions for intervention, including a focus on whole systems approaches. There was a lack of research exploring PA influences in the oldest old and in low-income countries. Future research should seek to involve under-served groups, including a wider diversity of older people.
Cutaneous leiomyosarcoma: a retrospective review of 45 cases
Authors: Khan Sabrina , Asher Ruth , Perkins William , Matin Rubeta N 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Abstract
Primary cutaneous leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a rare soft tissue tumour type with two subtypes, dermal and subcutaneous. As deeper tumours confer a worse prognosis, they require a more aggressive approach. Conversely, a more conservative surgical approach for dermal LMS has been suggested. Few studies have comprehensively reported both clinical surgical and histological excision margins. Therefore, we sought to provide margin recommendations based on our experience and review of the existing literature. We undertook a retrospective case-note review (1998–2019) of cutaneous LMS management to establish histological/surgical margins using pathology/electronic patient records. The diagnosis was made and classified by an experienced dermatopathologist according to the World Health Organization classification. In the dermal LMS cohort (n = 35), mean peripheral and deep histological margins were 5.4 mm (range 0.5–20) and 5.6 mm (range 0.1–14.5), respectively. The incomplete excision rate was 31% (11 of 35). There were no recurrences. In the subcutaneous LMS cohort (n = 10), mean peripheral and deep histological margins were 5.7 mm (range 0.2–14) and 1.1 mm (range 0.2–1.7), respectively. The incomplete excision rate was 40% (4 of 10). The recurrence rate was 20% (2 of 10) despite achieving histological clearance after 1 year. One lung metastasis occurred 1 year following an adequately excised primary scalp LMS. Thus, for dermal LMS we propose a clinical margin of 5–10 mm (depending on lesion size) at the initial excision or at scar re-excision following involved/close histological peripheral and/or deep margins (i.e. &lt; 1 mm). For subcutaneous LMS, we suggest a clinical margin of 15–20 mm (depending on lesion size) to achieve a peripheral histological clearance of 10 mm and negative deep margin (i.e. &gt; 1 mm), down to the periosteum/fascia/muscle according to anatomical site. If this is not achieved, a re-excision would be recommended. However, prospective studies are needed for optimal guidance.
A novel Nlrp3 knock-in mouse model with hyperactive inflammasome in development of lethal inflammation
Authors: Zhou Yongting , Yang Xiyue , Zhu Lei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) is a central protein contributing to human inflammatory disorders, including cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome and sepsis. However, the molecular mechanisms and functions of NLRP3 activation in various diseases remain unknown. Here, we generated gain-of-function knock-in mice associated with Muckle–Wells syndromes using the Cre-LoxP system allowing for the constitutive T346M mutation of NLRP3 to be globally expressed in all cells under the control of tamoxifen. The mice were treated with tamoxifen for 4 days before determining their genotype by PCR and sequence analysis. In vitro, we found that bone marrow-derived macrophage from homozygous T346M mutation mice displayed a robust ability to produce IL-1β in response to lipopolysaccharide exposure. Moreover, ASC specks and oligomerization were observed in the homozygous mutant bone marrow-derived macrophages in the presence of lipopolysaccharides alone. Mechanistically, K+ and Ca2+ depletion and mitochondrial depolarization contribute to the hyperactivation of mutant NLRP3. In vivo, homozygous mice carrying the T346M mutation exhibit weight loss and mild inflammation in the resting state. In the lipopolysaccharide-mediated sepsis model, homozygous mutant mice exhibited higher mortality and increased serum circulating cytokine levels, accompanied by serious liver injury. Furthermore, an increase in myeloid cells in the spleen has been suggested to be a risk factor for inducing sepsis sensitivity. Altogether, we describe a cryopyrin-associated syndrome animal model with the T346M mutation of NLRP3 and suggest that the hyperactivated inflammasome aggregated by the mutant NLRP3 lowers the inflammatory response threshold both in vitro and in vivo.
Lateralization of major white matter tracts during infancy is time-varying and tract-specific
Authors: Ford Aiden , Ammar Zeena , Li Longchuan , Shultz Sarah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Lateralization patterns are a major structural feature of brain white matter and have been investigated as a neural architecture that indicates and supports the specialization of cognitive processing and observed behaviors, e.g. language skills. Many neurodevelopmental disorders have been associated with atypical lateralization, reinforcing the need for careful measurement and study of this structural characteristic. Unfortunately, there is little consensus on the direction and magnitude of lateralization in major white matter tracts during the first months and years of life—the period of most rapid postnatal brain growth and cognitive maturation. In addition, no studies have examined white matter lateralization in a longitudinal pediatric sample—preventing confirmation of if and how white matter lateralization changes over time. Using a densely sampled longitudinal data set from neurotypical infants aged 0–6 months, we aim to (i) chart trajectories of white matter lateralization in 9 major tracts and (ii) link variable findings from cross-sectional studies of white matter lateralization in early infancy. We show that patterns of lateralization are time-varying and tract-specific and that differences in lateralization results during this period may reflect the dynamic nature of lateralization through development, which can be missed in cross-sectional studies.
Multilateral Diplomacy and International Law: 19th Century Great Power Concert and the United Nations in a Comparative Perspective
Authors: Orakhelashvili Alexander 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper focuses on the comparative analysis of 19th century great power concert and the United Nations Security Council as forms of great power management of international affairs. The analysis is conducted from a cross-disciplinary perspective of international politics and international law. The paper explores historical preconditions for each of those forms of great power management to be formed and come into operation, as well as the way in which each of them became subjected to legal restraints in relation to its activities. These historical preconditions are both those which affirmatively enable great-power cooperation through multilateral crisis management, and ones that furnish risks should they not so cooperate, including the occurrence of a general war between great powers. The inter-disciplinary focus adopted here is meant to demonstrate the legal dimension of the matter as well as lessons that could be learned from the behaviour of statesmen and policy-makers.
Potential Impact of Doxycycline Post-exposure Prophylaxis Prescribing Strategies on Incidence of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: Traeger Michael W , Mayer Kenneth H , Krakower Douglas S , Gitin Sy , Jenness Samuel M , Marcus Julia L 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (doxyPEP) reduces bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) incidence in people with HIV (PWH) or using HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Given concerns about widespread antibiotic use, we identified doxyPEP prescribing strategies to minimize use while maximizing impact on STIs.

Methods
We used electronic health records of gay and bisexual men (GBM), transgender women, and nonbinary people assigned male sex at birth with ≥2 STI tests (chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis) at an LGBTQ-focused health center during 2015–2020. We defined 10 hypothetical doxyPEP prescribing strategies based on PrEP use, HIV status, or STI history. We estimated doxyPEP use and STI diagnoses averted in counterfactual scenarios in which people meeting prescribing criteria received doxyPEP, assuming STI rates during use would have been reduced by clinical trial efficacy estimates.

Results
Among 10 546 individuals (94% GBM), rate of any STI was 35.9/100 person-years. Prescribing doxyPEP to all individuals would have averted 71% of STI diagnoses (number needed to treat for one year to avert one STI diagnosis [NNT] = 3.9); prescribing to PrEP users/PWH (52%/12% of individuals) would have averted 60% of STI diagnoses (NNT = 2.9). Prescribing doxyPEP for 12 months after STI diagnosis would have reduced the proportion using doxyPEP to 38% and averted 39% of STI diagnoses (NNT = 2.4). Prescribing after concurrent or repeated STIs maximized efficiency (lowest NNTs) but prevented fewer STIs.

Conclusions
Prescribing doxyPEP to individuals with STIs, particularly concurrent or repeated STIs, could avert a substantial proportion of all STI diagnoses. The most efficient prescribing strategies are based on STI history rather than HIV status or PrEP use.
mRNA as a medicine in nephrology: the future is now
Authors: Granata Simona , Stallone Giovanni , Zaza Gianluigi 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The successful employment of messenger RNA (mRNA) as vaccine therapy for the prevention of COVID-19 infection has spotlighted the attention of scientific community onto the potential clinical application of these molecules as innovative and alternative therapeutic approaches in different fields of medicine. As therapy, mRNAs may be advantageous due to their unique biological properties of targeting almost any genetic component within the cell, many of which may be unreachable using other pharmacological/therapeutic approaches, and encoding any proteins and peptides without the need for their transport into the nuclei of the target cells. Additionally, these molecules may be rapidly designed/produced and clinically tested. Once the chemistry of the RNA and its delivery system are optimized, the cost of developing novel variants of these medications for new selected clinical disorders is significantly reduced. However, although potentially useful as new therapeutic weapons against several kidney diseases, the complex architecture of kidney and the inability of nanoparticles that accommodate oligonucleotides to cross the integral glomerular filtration barrier have largely decreased their potential employment in nephrology. However, in the next few years, the technical improvements in mRNA that increase translational efficiency, modulate innate and adaptive immunogenicity, and increase their delivery at the site of action will overcome these limitations. Therefore, this review has the scope of summarizing the key strengths of these RNA-based therapies and illustrating potential future directions and challenges of this promising technology for widespread therapeutic use in nephrology.
Coronavirus-related health literacy levels among school administrators and influencing factors
Authors: Öztürk Fatma Özlem , Sönmez Sibel , Soylar Pınar , Okan Orkan , Dadaczynski Kevin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Our study aimed to determine the level of coronavirus-related health literacy among school administrators and the factors that influence this. The sample of this cross-sectional study consisted of 402 school administrators serving in primary, secondary and high schools in Ankara. The data were collected between September 2021 and February 2022 using the descriptive characteristics questionnaire and the Coronavirus-Related Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLS-COVID-Q22). It was seen that 64.4% of the participants were male, 34.6% were 40 years old or younger and 35.6% were working in primary schools; 77.6% of the participants had a sufficient, 16.2% had a problematic and 6.2% had an inadequate level of coronavirus-related health literacy. Age, gender, chronic disease status, type of school they work in, level of knowledge about coronavirus, level of confusion due to knowledge about coronavirus, willingness to be vaccinated, believing that vaccines are safe/effective/compatible with their religious beliefs were found to affect coronavirus-related health literacy (p &lt; 0.05). Gender, age, information satisfaction on coronavirus, confusion due to information on coronavirus and ‘Overall, I believe that vaccinations are effective’ explained 24.9% of HLS-COVID-Q22 variance (Adjusted R2 = 0.249, F = 13.080, p &lt; 0.001). This study found the coronavirus-related health literacy level among school administrators to be sufficient. It found that their level of health literacy was affected by gender, age, chronic disease status, type of school they worked at, level of knowledge about coronavirus, level of confusion due to information about coronavirus, desire to be vaccinated and their thoughts about vaccines.
The Multiple Origins of Ebola Disease Outbreaks
Authors: Judson Seth D , Munster Vincent J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The origins of Ebola disease outbreaks remain enigmatic. Historically outbreaks have been attributed to spillover events from wildlife. However, recent data suggest that some outbreaks may originate from human-to-human transmission of prior outbreak strains instead of spillover. Clarifying the origins of Ebola disease outbreaks could improve detection and mitigation of future outbreaks.

Methods
We reviewed the origins of all Ebola disease outbreaks from 1976 to 2022 to analyze the earliest cases and characteristics of each outbreak. The epidemiology and phylogenetic relationships of outbreak strains were used to further identify the likely source of each outbreak.

Results
From 1976 to 2022 there were 35 Ebola disease outbreaks with 48 primary/index cases. While the majority of outbreaks were associated with wildlife spillover, resurgence of human-to-human transmission could account for roughly a quarter of outbreaks caused by Ebola virus. Larger outbreaks were more likely to lead to possible resurgence, and nosocomial transmission was associated with the majority of outbreaks.

Conclusions
While spillover from wildlife has been a source for many Ebola disease outbreaks, multiple outbreaks may have originated from flare-ups of prior outbreak strains. Improving access to diagnostics as well as identifying groups at risk for resurgence of ebolaviruses will be crucial to preventing future outbreaks.
SARS-CoV-2 Hybrid Immunity: The Best of Both Worlds
Authors: Lasrado Ninaad , Barouch Dan H 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Three and a half years into the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the nature and durability of protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) still remains unclear. Current COVID-19 mRNA vaccines have been shown to provide minimal protection against infection with XBB variants but substantial protection against severe disease. However, such protection appears to wane quickly. In contrast, protection from the combination of both vaccination and infection, termed “hybrid immunity”, has been shown to be greater in magnitude and durability than that provided by either vaccine immunity or natural immunity alone.
Accomplished women leaders in informatics: insights about successful careers
Authors: Payne Velma L , Partridge Brittany , Bozkurt Selen , Nandwani Anjali , Butler Jorie M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We sought to learn from the experiences of women leaders in informatics by interviewing women in Informatics leadership roles. Participants reported career challenges, how they built confidence, advice to their younger selves, and suggestions for attracting and retaining additional women. Respondents were 16 women in leadership roles in academia (n = 9) and industry (n = 7). We conducted a thematic analysis revealing: (1) careers in informatics are serendipitous and nurtured by supportive communities, (2) challenges in leadership were profoundly related to gender issues, (3) “Big wins” in informatics careers were about making a difference, and (4) women leaders highlighted resilience, excellence, and personal authenticity as important for future women leaders. Sexism is undeniably present, although not all participants reported overt gender barriers. Confidence and authenticity in leadership point to the value offered by individual leaders. The next step is to continue to foster an informatics culture that encourages authenticity across the gender spectrum.