bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluctuations in Nematic Liquid Crystals. Static and Dynamic Properties: Study by Inelastic Light Scattering
Authors: Veyssié M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn a nematic liquid crystal, there exist thermally excited fluctuations in the orientation of the mean alignment direction of the molecules (represented by a unit vector, called the director). These fluctuations modulate the dielectric tensor Ê of the medium; as a result there is an intense and strongly depolarized scattering of light. It is shown that these orientation fluctuations can be decomposed into two independent modes; following the notation of Frank [1], the types of distortion are splay and bend for one mode, splay and twist for the other. The contribution of each mode to the intensity of the scattered light may be calculated as a function of temperature and scattering wave vector [2]; the results are in good agreement with the measurements of Chatelain [3] and permit, in principle, a determination of the three elastic constants kii of the liquid crystal.The time dependence of these fluctuations. on the other hand, is derived from the hydrodynamic equations of Ericksen and Leslie [4] which describe the coupling between the rotations of the director and the overall motions of the fluid. This coupling can be described using five independent coefficients αi, which are equivalent to viscosities. One finds that in usual systems the two fluctuation modes do not propagate, but are purely dissipative with a characteristic relaxation time. This time is a function of the wave vector, the elastic coefficients k and the viscosity coefficients αi.We have verified the predictions of the theoretical model by a study of the spectrum of the scattered light, using a high resolution laser light beating spectrometer. The observed spectrum consists of a Lorentzian line centered about the incident frequencies (a Rayleigh line), which confirms the purely dissipative nature of the orientation fluctuations. Measurement of the line width permits a determination of the relaxation time and its dependence upon wave vector. By comparing our experimental results with the analytic formulae of the theory we have been able to deduce the anisotropic viscosity coefficients of the nematic phase [5]; a determination which is difficult, if not impossible, by conventional hydrodynamic methods.
The Viscosity‐Pressure Dependence of Gas‐Liquid Solutions
Authors: Golly H. , Kuss E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA High‐Pressure‐Viscometer for gas‐liquid solutions was developped representing a combination of a falling body and a capillary viscometer. The method is suitable also for measurements in wells.By solution of He, Ne, Ar, H2, N2 and CO2 the viscosity‐pressure isotherms of Squalane and Squalene were measured in saturated and unsaturated state. The viscosity under pressure can be diminished by the dissolved gas for one decade or more, the influence of various gases being different.The isotherms of the saturated solutions often pass a minimum of viscosity, which can be reproduced by an equation with two parameters.The viscosity‐pressure‐coefficients of unsaturated solutions with constant concentrations only are a little smaller than the coefficients of the pure liquids. This can be used to predict the viscosity of binary gas‐liquid solutions at high pressures.
The Thermodynamics of Critical Phenomena in Fluid Mixtures
Authors: Scott Robert L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe “classical” theory of critical phenomena in fluid mixtures is entirely analogous to that for pure fluids when allowance is made for the increase in the number of variables. Although it is now clear that the details of critical phenomena cannot be accounted for by the “classical” analytic equations, the analogies with one‐component systems continue to apply. In particular, when allowance is made for experimental uncertainties, it is reasonable to conclude that the critical exponents α, β, γ und δ are probably the same as those for the one‐component fluid.While limiting behavior in the critical region disagrees in detail with the predictions of simple theories, the critical line itself and the great variety of phase behavior observed in binary mixtures can be estimated and interpreted with surprising success.
The Heat Capacity of the Binary Liquid Mixture. Tetrafluoromethane‐Trifluoromethane Near the Upper Consolute Point
Authors: Cope A. F. G. , Reamer H. H. , Pings C. J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe heat capacity at saturation of the binary liquid mixture, CF4 ‐CHF3 has been measured in the vicinity of the consolute temperature, approximately 132 K. Data above and below the critical temperature is suggestive of a λ‐like transition, with a definite singularity in the heat capacity, or at least a large excess value at the critical temperature. The data are compatible either with a singularity of the type of In (T‐Tc) or (T‐Tc)α where α ⩽ 0.1.
Phase Equilibria and Critical Phenomena in Fluid Mixtures at Low Temperatures and High Pressures
Authors: Peter K. , Oeder D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMeasurements are presented for the pressure dependence of liquid‐liquid phase equilibria in binary mixtures of CF4 with C2H6 up to approx. 1000 bar. Earlier measurements are reviewed for the liquid‐liquid and liquid‐gas equilibria in binary systems of methane with hydrocarbons with 5 to 7 carbon atoms over the temperature range ‐ 150 to +20°C and up to a maximum pressure of 3000 bar. The results are discussed from a thermodynamic and phase‐theoretical point of view. They show that there are continuous transitions between the critical phenomena liquid‐gas, liquid‐liquid, and gas‐gas in these systems (Ber. Bunsenges. physik. Chem. 73, 229 (1969)).The measurements were effectuated in an optical low‐temperature high‐pressure cell made from copper beryllium that was recently described: it is fitted with sapphire windows and indium seals and employs magnetic stirring. The cell can be used for the visual observation of phase equilibria, for spectroscopic measurements and for the simultaneous determination of P V T data over the temperature range ‐ 190 to +150°C and up to a maximum pressure of 4000 bar.
Températures critiques de condensation bidimensionnelle
Authors: Larher Y. , Nardon Y. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSur la face de clivage d'halogénures à structure lamellaire, des couches monomoléculaires de gaz rares et de méthane se forment successivement par condensation bidimensionnelle. Les températures critiques de ces changements de phase bidimensionnelle ont été mesurées. Les variations observées traduisent l'influence du relief de la surface adsorbante sur la structure des couches adsorbées.
Effects of planting density on test weight and related indexes of maize
Authors: Wang Zhen , Guo Yanan , Wang Keru , Zhang Guoqiang , Ming Bo , Shen Dongping , Fang Liang , Zhou Linli , Sun Lirong , Liu Hao , Liu Nan , Xie Ruizhi , Li Shaokun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) is an important food crop in the world. Reasonably increasing planting density is an important way to increase maize yield. Test weight (TW) determines the classification and affects market price. In order to clarify the influence and mechanism of planting density on TW, in this study, a 2‐year field experiment was carried out in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2019 and 2020. Four widely planted maize hybrids and six planting densities (6.0, 7.5, 9.0, 10.5, 12.0, and 13.5 × 104 plants ha−1) were tested, using drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration. The output parameters measured were grain yield, TW, thousand‐kernel weight (TKW), kernel volume, kernel density (KD), kernels per unit volume (KPV), and kernel packing efficiency. The result showed that yields ranged from 12.04 to 16.58 ton ha−1and TW ranged from 751 to 807 kg m−3, which exceeded the requirements for classification as first‐grade maize (720 kg m−3). Both yield and TW have a quadratic curve relationship with planting density, but the planting density corresponding to the two indicators is different when they reach the maximum value. With the increase in planting density, the TKW decreased and KPV increased, which made the relationship between TW(y) and planting density (x) and expressed as y = ax2 + bx + c. Planting density had a significant influence on TW and the relationship between TW and planting density was consistent under growth years and maize varieties. Considering the economic benefits, the planting density corresponding to the maximum yield is strongly recommended for future maize production.
Small cell carcinoma of the kidney treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor/tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Authors: Harada Mirii , Tomisaki Ikko , Shimajiri Shohei , Kuretake Keisuke , Harada Kenichi , Fujimoto Naohiro 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionSmall cell carcinoma (SCC) of the kidney is extremely rare. Although the majority of patients with advanced renal small cell carcinoma were treated with a combination of cisplatin and etoposide, the efficacy was limited. We report the first case with renal small cell carcinoma who received nivolumab and cabozantinib.Case presentationA 57‐year‐old woman was referred to our hospital with a massive left kidney mass and several bone, lymph nodes, liver, and lung metastases. A left renal mass biopsy made the diagnosis of small cell carcinoma. Nivolumab and cabozantinib were used in combination therapy. The tumors were stable during the treatment for 4 weeks. However, the treatment was halted due to a serious adverse event, immune‐related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Although immune‐related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis was resolved with corticosteroids, the patient died 3 months after the initiation of nivolumab and cabozantinib.ConclusionWe reported the first case of renal small cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab and cabozantinib.
Using generic picture cues to promote verbal initiations during play
Authors: Mattson Stephanie L. , Higbee Thomas S. , Campbell Vincent E. , Lindgren Nicholas A. , Osos Jessica A. , Nichols Beverly 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChildren with autism spectrum disorder often demonstrate difficulty communicating with others, and this may affect the extent to which they can engage in contextually appropriate language during play. This study examined the effects of a social script‐training intervention using generic picture cues on the number of contextually appropriate play statements for children with autism spectrum disorder. We also examined the extent to which responding generalized to novel toy sets and analyzed play statement types. A nonconcurrent multiple‐baseline‐across‐participants design with embedded reversal components was used to evaluate the effects of the generic picture‐cue intervention on contextually appropriate play statements. Three participants demonstrated a higher number of contextually appropriate play statements in the training condition as compared with the baseline and no‐cue conditions. Further, two out of three participants continued to emit a similar number of contextually appropriate play statements when we introduced novel toy sets.
A preliminary study on the evaluation of photodynamic diagnosis for acne inflammatory skin lesions
Authors: Xu Chunlan , Yuan Dan , Cheng Shi , Lan Xiaoling , Wang Qian , Lin Xinyu , Liu Wei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to observe the fluorescence characteristics of acne inflammatory skin lesions in 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐based photodynamic diagnosis (ALA‐PDD), and discuss the viability of using ALA‐PDD to evaluate acne inflammatory skin lesions and explore the advantages of predicting subclinical skin lesions.MethodsThe OBSERV facial skin detector collected photographs of 20 patients before and after optical intra‐tissue fiber irradiation photodynamic therapy (OFI‐ALA‐PDT) in both ALA‐PDD and white light patterns. The patients were treated once a week for four consecutive weeks in order to analyze the correlation between the two patterns in recognizing inflammatory skin lesions.ResultsBefore and after treatment, there was no significant difference between the two patterns for recognizing acne inflammatory skin lesions (p > 0.05). Both patterns demonstrated a strong correlation (r > 0.90) for the recognition of various types of inflammatory skin lesions at different treatment stages.ConclusionALA‐PDD is a feasible method for evaluating acne inflammatory lesions, guiding treatment and judging efficacy. It has advantages in predicting subclinical skin lesions and deserves further study.
(Selbst‑)Bildungsprozesse von und in ‚Migrantenorganisationen‘. Ambivalente Kooperations- und Anerkennungsbedingungen im Kontext von Schule
Authors: Kollender Ellen 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungSeit der Anerkennung Deutschlands als Einwanderungsland lassen sich von politischer Seite vielfältige Bestrebungen erkennen, migrantisch (selbst)positionierte Organisationen in schulische Prozesse einzubeziehen. Dabei zum Ausdruck kommende Erwartungen an die Organisationen sowie die (Selbst‑)Verständnisse dieser hinsichtlich ihrer Rolle in der Schule wurden bislang nicht systematisch untersucht und aufeinander bezogen. Dieser Beitrag setzt an dieser Leerstelle an, indem er fragt, wie die Organisationen im politisch-behördlichen Diskurs zur Schule positioniert werden und wie ihre Mitglieder die an sie gerichteten Rollenverständnisse aufgreifen und in ihre Selbstverständnisse einbetten. Über eine triangulatives Forschungsdesign wird rekonstruiert, wie in der Verzahnung von Diskurs und Subjektivierungsprozessen die intelligible Subjektposition der ‚Migrantenorganisation‘ hervorgebracht wird. Dabei erweisen sich die Anerkennungsbedingungen für die Organisationen als ebenso ambivalent wie voraussetzungsvoll für eine Teilhabe in Schule, wobei sich neben migrationsgesellschaftlichen Zugehörigkeitsordnungen auch sozialstaatliche Transformationsprozesse als zentrale Subjektivierungskontexte erweisen, die zur Konstitution des (selbst)verantwortlichen Subjekts in und durch ‚Migrantenorganisationen‘ beitragen.
System of generalized variational-like inclusions involving $$\varvec{(P,\eta )}$$-accretive mapping and fixed point problems in real Banach spaces
Authors: Balooee Javad , Al-Homidan Suliman 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper attempts to prove the Lipschitz continuity of the resolvent operator associated with a $$(P,\eta )$$

(
P
,
η
)

-accretive mapping and compute an estimate of its Lipschitz constant. This is done under some new appropriate conditions that are imposed on the parameter and mappings involved in it; with the goal of approximating a common element of the solution set of a system of generalized variational-like inclusions and the fixed point set of a total asymptotically nonexpansive mapping in the framework of real Banach spaces. A new iterative algorithm based on the resolvent operator technique is proposed. Under suitable conditions, we prove the strong convergence of the sequence generated by our proposed iterative algorithm to a common element of the two sets mentioned above. The final section is dedicated to investigating and analyzing the notion of a generalized H(., .)-accretive mapping introduced and studied by Kazmi et al. (Appl Math Comput 217:9679–9688, 2011). In this section, we provide some comments based on the relevant results presented in their work.
Doctrine-Shaped Trait Forgiveness and Relationship Satisfaction in People who Identify as Christians — A Multiple Mediation Analysis
Authors: Behrens Carolin , Kliem Sören , Kröger Christoph 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite increasing attention to the study of forgiveness, little consideration has been imparted to the act of forgiving as a religiously shaped path towards relationship satisfaction. This study examines (1) whether a person’s doctrine-shaped trait forgiveness (DTF) is positively associated with relationship satisfaction; and (2) whether two dimensions of offense-specific forgiveness — benevolence and resentment–avoidance — mediate this association. Using structural equation modeling, we analyzed cross-sectional data of an adult German sample (N = 980), all of whom stated their affiliation to a Christian church. The analysis of the non-mediator model indicated a positive direct path between DTF and relationship satisfaction (β = 0.123). Computing the mediation effects, we found a significant, positive total effect of DTF on relationship satisfaction (β = 0.129). Our findings suggest indirect paths between DTF and relationship satisfaction through resentment–avoidance (β = 0.074) and benevolence (β = 0.021). Neither gender nor denomination effects emerged within the invariance analyses. The results supported the assumption that individuals with a higher level of DTF also experience greater satisfaction in their intimate relationships, by engaging in less resentful and avoidant as well as more benevolent behavior.
Comprehensive Characterization and Global Transcriptome Analysis of Human Fetal Liver Terminal Erythropoiesis
Authors: Han Yongshuai , Wang Shihui , Wang Yaomei , Huang Yumin , Gao Chengjie , Guo Xinhua , Chen Lixiang , Zhao Huizhi , An Xiuli 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The fetal liver (FL) is the key erythropoietic organ during fetal development, but knowledge on human FL erythropoiesis is very limited. In this study, we sorted primary erythroblasts from FL cells and performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses. We found that temporal gene expression patterns reflected changes in function during primary human FL terminal erythropoiesis. Notably, the expression of genes enriched in proteolysis and autophagy was up-regulated in orthochromatic erythroblasts (OrthoEs), suggesting the involvement of these pathways in enucleation. We also performed RNA-seq of in vitro cultured erythroblasts derived from FL CD34+ cells. Comparison of transcriptomes between the primary and cultured erythroblasts revealed significant differences, indicating impacts of the culture system on gene expression. Notably, the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes was increased in cultured erythroblasts. We further immortalized erythroid cell lines from FL and cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells (FL-iEry and CB-iEry, respectively). FL-iEry and CB-iEry were immortalized at the proerythroblast stage and can be induced to differentiate into OrthoEs, but their enucleation ability was very low. Comparison of the transcriptomes between OrthoEs with and without enucleation capability revealed the down-regulation of pathways involved in chromatin organization and mitophagy in OrthoEs without enucleation capacity, indicating that defects in chromatin organization and mitophagy contribute to the inability of OrthoEs to enucleate. Additionally, the expression of HBE1, HBZ, and HBG2 was up-regulated in FL-iEry compared with CB-iEry, and such up-regulation was accompanied by down-regulated expression of BCL11A and up-regulated expression of LIN28B and IGF2BP1. Our study provides new insights into human FL erythropoiesis and rich resources for future studies.
Quantitative measurement of airborne particles during endoscopic and microscopic ear surgery in the operating room
Authors: Nishiike S , Michiba T , Ito R , Ashida N , Kato H , Kuki A , Ogawa K , Tamura K , Uetsuka S 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to quantitatively investigate airborne particle load in the operating room during endoscopic or microscopic epitympanectomy or mastoidectomy.MethodIn the transcanal endoscopic ear surgery group, drilling was performed underwater. A particle counter was used to measure the particle load before, during and after drilling during transcanal endoscopic ear surgery or microscopic ear surgery. The device counted the numbers of airborne particles of 0.3, 0.5 or 1.0 μm in diameter.ResultsThe particle load during drilling was significantly higher in the microscopic ear surgery group (n = 5) than in the transcanal endoscopic ear surgery group (n = 11) for all particle sizes (p < 0.01). In the transcanal endoscopic ear surgery group, no significant differences among the particle load observed before, during and after drilling were seen for any of the particle sizes.ConclusionBone dissection carries a lower risk of airborne infection if it is performed using the endoscopic underwater drilling technique.
An inconvenient truth: Difficult problems rarely have easy solutions
Authors: Roberto Christina A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Individual-level interventions are often interesting and easy to implement, but are unfortunately ill-equipped to solve most major global problems (e.g., climate change, financial insecurity, unhealthy eating). Resources spent developing, pursuing, and touting relatively ineffective i-frame interventions draw resources away from the development and implementation of more effective s-frame solutions. Behavioral scientists who want to develop solutions to the world's biggest problems should focus their efforts on s-frame solutions.
On Skinner's pendulum: A framework for assessing s-frame hope
Authors: Lamberton Cait 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Unsatisfied with the effects of behavioral economics’ i-frame, “technology of behavior,” Chater & Loewenstein call for a pendulum swing back to the s-frame, suggesting that such an approach offers a more hopeful path toward societal well-being. In this commentary, I offer a framework to think about this pendulum swing, as well as the scope – and limits – of this hope.
Real systemic solutions to humanity's problems require a radical reshaping of the global political system
Authors: Edelman Shimon 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Society's problems cannot be alleviated via mere policy interventions, whether individual- or system-level, when the system is the problem. To bring about true and lasting change to the better, we must replace the present global political-economic system – oligarchic capitalism backed by the power of the state – with one that would let the people take charge of their lives.
The psychology and policy of overcoming economic inequality
Authors: Ruggeri Kai , Tutuska Olivia Symone , Ladini Giampaolo Abate Romero , Al-Zahli Narjes , Alexander Natalia , Andersen Mathias Houe , Bibilouri Katherine , Chen Jennifer , Doubravová Barbora , Dugué Tatianna , Durrani Aleena Asfa , Dutra Nicholas , Farrokhnia R. A. , Folke Tomas , Ge Suwen , Gomes Christian , Gracheva Aleksandra , Grilc Neža , Gürol Deniz Mısra , Heidenry Zoe , Hu Clara , Krasner Rachel , Levin Romy , Li Justine , Messenger Ashleigh Marie Elizabeth , Nilsson Fredrik , Oberschulte Julia Marie , Obi Takashi , Pan Anastasia , Park Sun Young , Pelica Sofia , Pyrkowski Maksymilian , Rabanal Katherinne , Ranc Pika , Recek Žiga Mekiš , Pascu Daria Stefania , Symeonidou Alexandra , Vdovic Milica , Yuan Qihang , Garcia-Garzon Eduardo , Ashcroft-Jones Sarah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Recent arguments claim that behavioral science has focused – to its detriment – on the individual over the system when construing behavioral interventions. In this commentary, we argue that tackling economic inequality using both framings in tandem is invaluable. By studying individuals who have overcome inequality, “positive deviants,” and the system limitations they navigate, we offer potentially greater policy solutions.
Wise interventions consider the person and the situation together
Authors: Walton Gregory M. , Yeager David S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Chater & Loewenstein (C&L) ignore the long history by which social scientists have developed more nuanced and ultimately more helpful ways to understand the relationship between persons and situations. This tradition is reflected and advanced in a large literature on “wise” social–psychological or mindset interventions, which C&L do not discuss yet mischaracterize.