bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The metabolic score of insulin resistance is positively correlated with bone mineral density in postmenopausal patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gu Peng , Pu Bin , Xin Qiao , Yue Dan , Luo LieLiang , Tao JiaSheng , Li HaiShan , Chen Ming , Hu MingHua , Hu XiaoRong , Zheng XiaoHui , Zeng ZhanPeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with osteoporosis (OP) is increasing yearly. Early prevention, detection and treatment of OP are important in postmenopausal patients with T2DM. This study aimed to explore the correlation between insulin resistance and bone mineral density (BMD), and OP in postmenopausal patients with T2DM. In this study, postmenopausal patients with T2DM who visited our hospital from January 2021 to March 2022 were divided into the OP group (n = 91) and non-OP group (n = 119) according to whether they were complicated with OP or not. The general data of patients, BMD, blood routine, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, liver and kidney function indexes were collected, and the homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR), the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and the metabolic score for IR (METS-IR) were calculated. A weighted multivariate linear regression model assessed the correlation between insulin resistance (IR) related indexes and lumbar spine, femoral neck, and hip BMD. A weighted logistic regression model assessed the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association between the IR-related indexes and OP risk. The nonlinear relationship was also evaluated by smooth curve fitting (SCF) and a weighted generalized additive model (GAM). Moreover, the Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive efficiency of METS-IR in postmenopausal patients with T2DM with OP. HOMA-IR, TyG, and METS-IR in the OP group were lower than those in the non-OP group (all P < 0.05). Weighted multiple linear regression after adjusting covariates showed that METS-IR was positively correlated with the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and hip BMD (βMETS-IR = 0.006,0.005,0.005, all P < 0.001). The results of weighted Logistic regression and GAM showed that when METS-IR < 44.5, each unit of increased METS-IR value was associated with a decreased OP risk of 12% (P = 0.002). When METS-IR ≥ 44.5, there was no significant correlation between METS-IR and the risk of OP (OR = 1.00, P = 0.934). Similar trends were not observed in HOMA-IR and TyG. The ROC suggested helpful discriminative power of the METS-IR index for T2DM. We confirmed that METS-IR, as a novel alternative marker of IR, had a positive association with BMD in postmenopausal patients with T2DM, and METS-IR was a protective factor for OP in a specific range.
Indications of musculoskeletal health in deceased male individuals with lower-limb amputations: comparison to non-amputee and diabetic controls
Authors: Finco M. G. , Finnerty Caitlyn , Ngo Wayne , Menegaz Rachel A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIndividuals with lower-limb amputations, many of whom have type 2 diabetes, experience impaired musculoskeletal health. This study: (1) compared residual and intact limbs of diabetic and non-diabetic post-mortem individuals with amputation to identify structures vulnerable to injury, and (2) compared findings to diabetic and healthy control groups to differentiate influences of amputation and diabetes on musculoskeletal health. Postmortem CT scans of three groups, ten individuals each, were included: (1) individuals with transtibial or transfemoral amputations, half with diabetes (2) diabetic controls, and (3) healthy controls. Hip and knee joint spaces, cross-sectional thigh muscle and fat areas, and cross-sectional bone properties (e.g. area, thickness, geometry) were measured. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank and Kruskal–Wallis tests assessed statistical significance. Asymmetry percentages between limbs assessed clinical significance. Residual limbs of individuals with amputation, particularly those with diabetes, had significantly less thigh muscle area and thinner distal femoral cortical bone compared to intact limbs. Compared to control groups, individuals with amputation had significantly narrower joint spaces, less thigh muscle area bilaterally, and thinner proximal femoral cortical bone in the residual limb. Diabetic individuals with amputation had the most clinically significant asymmetry. Findings tended to align with those of living individuals. However, lack of available medical information and small sample sizes reduced the anticipated clinical utility. Larger sample sizes of living individuals are needed to assess generalizability of findings. Quantifying musculoskeletal properties and differentiating influences of amputation and diabetes could eventually help direct rehabilitation techniques.
Design and evaluation of a skin-on-a-chip pumpless microfluidic device
Authors: Mohamadali Marjan , Ghiaseddin Ali , Irani Shiva , Amirkhani Mohammad Amir , Dahmardehei Mostafa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe development of microfluidic culture technology facilitates the progress of study of cell and tissue biology. This technology expands the understanding of pathological and physiological changes. A skin chip, as in vitro model, consisting of normal skin tissue with epidermis and dermis layer (full thickness) was developed. Polydimethylsiloxane microchannels with a fed-batched controlled perfusion feeding system were used to create a full-thick ex-vivo human skin on-chip model. The design of a novel skin-on-a-chip model was reported, in which the microchannel structures mimic the architecture of the realistic vascular network as nutrients transporter to the skin layers. Viabilities of full-thick skin samples cultured on the microbioreactor and traditional tissue culture plate revealed that a precise controlled condition provided by the microfluidic enhanced tissue viability at least for seven days. Several advantages in skin sample features under micro-scale-controlled conditions were found such as skin mechanical strength, water adsorption, skin morphology, gene expression, and biopsy longevity. This model can provide an in vitro environment for localizing drug delivery and transdermal drug diffusion studies. The skin on the chip can be a valuable in vitro model for representing the interaction between drugs and skin tissue and a realistic platform for evaluating skin reaction to pharmaceutical materials and cosmetic products.
A straightforward method using the sign of the piezoelectric coefficient to identify the ferroelectric switching mechanism
Authors: Ishibashi Shoji , Kumai Reiji , Horiuchi Sachio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSome organic ferroelectrics have two possible switching modes: molecular reorientation and proton transfer. Typical examples include 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) and Hdabco-ReO$$_4$$

4

(dabco = diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane). The direction and amplitude of the expected polarization depends on the switching mode. Herein a straightforward method to identify the ferroelectric switching mechanism is demonstrated. First, the relationship between the polarization vectors corresponding to the two modes is illustrated using the Berry phase. Second, the theoretical background for the sign of the piezoelectric coefficient is used to decide which mode occurs. Finally, comparing the theoretically calculated piezoelectric coefficients to the experimental results confirms the switching mode of each compound.
Fear of COVID-19 disease and vaccination as predictors of vaccination status
Authors: Gilan Donya , Birkenbach Markus , Wossidlo Marius , Sprengholz Philipp , Betsch Cornelia , Hahad Omar , Lieb Klaus 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVaccination rates are still insufficient to prevent the spread of COVID-19, so immunity must be increased among the population in order to reduce the virus’ spread and the associated medical and psychosocial effects. Although previous work has identified various factors associated with a low willingness to get vaccinated, the role of emotions such as fear of vaccination (FVAC) or fear of COVID-19 (FCOV), vaccination as a subjective norm (SN), psychological factors like general control beliefs (CB) or psychological resilience, and their interaction have been investigated less intensively. We used data from three cross-sectional waves of the German Panel COSMO (November 2021, N = 1010; February 2022, N = 1026; March 2022, N = 1031) and multiple logistic regression analyses to test whether vaccination rates are moderated by those factors. After controlling for covariates (age, sex, confidence in own intuition, optimism, well-being), we found that CB was no significant predictor of vaccination status. Higher FCOV and higher ratings in SN, however, were associated with an increased likelihood of being vaccinated. In contrast, higher FVAC was associated with a decreased likelihood of being vaccinated. Psychological resilience did not consistently moderate the associations between fear and vaccination status.
The association between changes in echocardiography and risk of heart failure hospitalizations and death in adults with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Fitzpatrick Jesse K. , Parikh Rishi V. , Hamilton Steven A. , Ambrosy Andrew P. , Tan Thida C. , Bansal Nisha , Go Alan S. ,   for the CRIC Study Investigators, Appel Lawrence J. , Chen Jing , Lash James P. , Nelson Robert G. , Rahman Mahboob , Rao Panduranga S. , Shah Vallabh O. , Townsend Raymond R. , Unruh Mark L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAdults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk for developing heart failure (HF). However, longitudinal cardiac remodeling in CKD has not been well-characterized and its association with HF outcomes remains unknown. We evaluated the association between change in echocardiographic parameters between baseline and year 4 with the subsequent risk of HF hospitalization and death using Cox proportional hazard models in a landmark analysis of a prospective multicenter CKD cohort. Among 2673 participants, mean ± SD age was 61 ± 11 years, with 45% women, and 56% non-white. A total of 472 hospitalizations for HF and 776 deaths occurred during a median (interquartile range) follow-up duration of 8.0 (6.3–9.1) years. Patients hospitalized for HF experienced larger preceding absolute increases in left ventricular (LV) volumes and decreases in LV ejection fraction. Adverse changes in LV ejection fraction, LV cavity volume, LV mass index, and LV geometry were independently associated with an increased risk of HF hospitalization and death. Among adults with CKD, deleterious cardiac remodeling occurs over a relatively short timeframe and adverse remodeling is associated with increased risk of HF-related morbidity and mortality.
Comparative genomics of two Vietnamese Helicobacter pylori strains, CHC155 from a non-cardia gastric cancer patient and VN1291 from a duodenal ulcer patient
Authors: Phuc Bui Hoang , Tuan Vo Phuoc , Binh Tran Thanh , Tung Pham Huu , Tri Tran Dinh , Dung Ho Dang Quy , Thuan Ngo Phuong Minh , Fauzia Kartika Afrida , Tshibangu-Kabamba Evariste , Alfaray Ricky Indra , Saruuljavkhlan Batsaikhan , Matsumoto Takashi , Akada Junko , Yamaoka Yoshio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHelicobacter pylori is involved in the etiology and severity of several gastroduodenal diseases; however, plasticity of the H. pylori genome makes complete genome assembly difficult. We report here the full genomes of H. pylori strains CHC155 and VN1291 isolated from a non-cardia gastric cancer patient and a duodenal ulcer patient, respectively, and their virulence demonstrated by in vitro infection. Whole-genome sequences were obtained by combining long- and short-reads with a hybrid-assembly approach. Both CHC155 and VN1291 genome possessed four kinds of genomic island: a cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI), two type 4 secretion system islands within an integrative and conjugative element (tfs ICE), and prophage. CHC155 and VN1291 carried East Asian-type cagA and vacA s1m1, and outer membrane protein genes, including two copies of oipA. Corresponded to genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance, chromosomal mutations were identified in CHC155 (rdxA, gyrA, and 23S rRNA) and VN1291 (rdxA, 23S rRNA, and pbp1A). In vitro infection of AGS cells by both strains induced the cell scattering phenotype, tyrosine phosphorylation of CagA, and promoted high levels of IL8 secretion, indicating fully intact phenotypes of the cagPAI. Virulence genes in CHC155 and VN1291 genomes are crucial for H. pylori pathogenesis and are risk factors in the development of gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer. Our in vitro studies indicate that the strains CHC155 and VN1291 carry the pathogenic potential.
Miscibility and ternary diagram of aqueous polyvinyl alcohols with different degrees of saponification
Authors: Kim Junhyuk , Ishikawa Shohei , Naito Mitsuru , Li Xiang , Chung Ung-il , Sakai Takamasa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLiquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), an important phenomenon in the field of polymer science and material design, plays an essential role in cells and living bodies. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a popular semicrystalline polymer utilized in the synthesis of artificial biomaterials. The aqueous solutions of its derivatives with tuned degrees of saponification (DS) exhibit LLPS. However, the miscibility and LLPS behavior of PVA aqueous solution are still unclear. This study describes the miscibility diagram of the ternary mixture, where water and two types of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with different DSs [98 (PVA98), 88 (PVA88), 82 (PVA82), and 74 mol% (PVA74)] were blended. UV–Vis measurement was conducted to evaluate the miscibility. Immiscibility was more pronounced at elevated temperatures, exhibiting LLPS. The ternary immiscibility diagram, displaying miscible–immiscible behaviors in the aqueous mixtures of PVA74:PVA98, PVA82:PVA98, and PVA88:PVA98 (blended at a constant volume ratio), indicated that increasing the concentration, temperature, and blend ratio of PVAs at a lower DS increased immiscibility, suggesting that the free energy of mixing increases with increasing these parameters. The miscible–immiscible behaviors of PVAs/water systems provide fundamental knowledge about LLPS and the design of PVA-based materials.
Rapid dissolution of high concentration poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) using neoteric biosolvents: experiment and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Muiruri Joseph Kinyanjui , Yeo Jayven Chee Chuan , Karen Tang Yuanting , Li Ke , Ye Enyi , Loh Xian Jun , Li Zibiao 
Published: May 2023

Taking cues from the concept of metabolomics in plants in hot environments, we used a plant metabolite (carvacrol) as a biosolvent to dissolve high molecular weight PHB biopolymer assisted by computational modelling to unearth the dissolution mechansim.
Contribution of Working Memory and Inferencing to Narrative Discourse Comprehension and Production in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Lê Karen , Coelho Carl , Feinn Richard 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
The goal of this study was to identify some potential key cognitive and communicative processes underlying narrative discourse ability following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Specifically, this study (a) investigated the contribution of working memory (WM) and inferencing to narrative discourse comprehension and production; (b) tested key assumptions posited by the Structure Building Framework (SBF), a discourse model; and (c) evaluated the potential for inferencing to contribute to discourse ability beyond a shared variance with WM.

Method:
Twenty-one individuals with TBI completed six tasks yielding seven measures: verbal and nonverbal WM updating (WMU-V and WMU-NV, respectively), predictive inferencing, the Discourse Comprehension Test (DCT), a picture story comprehension (PSC) task, and story retelling (story grammar and story completeness). Regression analyses were performed using WM and inferencing as predictors for narrative performance.

Results:
WM measures were significant predictors of DCT performance and approached significance as predictors of PSC. Inferencing approached significance as a unique predictor for the DCT and story completeness. WMU-V and WMU-NV were highly collinear, and neither WM measure predicted discourse outcomes over and above the other's contribution.

Conclusions:
WM was more strongly associated with comprehension processes, whereas inferencing may be associated with both comprehension and production outcomes. Findings were interpreted as supporting SBF assumptions of domain generality of cognitive processes and mechanisms involved in discourse while also challenging assumptions that the same cognitive substrates are marshaled for comprehension and production processes.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23148647
Die Rolle des Komplementsystems bei Nierenerkrankungen – Neue Aspekte
Authors: Zipfel Peter F. , Zipfel Svante , Wiech Thorsten 
Published: May 2023

Was ist neu?
Genaue Darstellung von Komplement bei Nierenerkrankungen nachgewiesen Eine fehlerhafte Komplementaktivierung bzw. eine defekte, unpräzise Regulation von einzelnen Reaktionen dieses Immunsystems sind in der Zwischenzeit bei mehreren unterschiedlichen Nierenerkrankungen klar aufgezeigt worden.
Komplementdefekte sind therapierbar Die komplementvermittelten Pathophysiologien bei den einzelnen Erkrankungen zeigen häufig eine stetige Überaktivierung einzelner Reaktionsschritte. Das genaue Verständnis dieser Mechanismen, die oft einhergehen mit Entzündungsreaktionen, Zellrekrutierung und Zellschädigung, erlauben eine gezielte Target-Identifizierung und den Einsatz von neuen Wirkstoffen. Aktuell gibt es eine Reihe von therapeutischen Wirkstoffen, die in die Komplementkaskade eingreifen. Mehrere Wirkstoffe sind schon für den therapeutischen Einsatz zugelassen, andere befinden sich in fortgeschrittener klinischer Erprobung und sind auf dem Weg zu einer Zulassung. Bei den Wirkstoffklassen für Nierenerkrankungen handelt es sich um monoklonale Antikörper, Nanobodies, die von der variablen Domäne von einzelsträngigen Lama- oder Kameliden-Antikörpern abgeleitet sind, kleine chemische Verbindungen, RNA-basierte Moleküle, sowie rekombinante Proteine.
Diagnostik von Komplement-Erkrankungen Aktuell werden Leitlinien zu unterschiedlichen Aspekten der Rolle des Komplementsystems bei Nierenerkrankungen erstellt. Viele der für die Komplement-Diagnostik relevanten Untersuchungen werden häufig nur von Speziallaboren angeboten.
Präzisierung von Biomarkern in klinischen Studien und Diagnostik-Leitfaden Die Identifikation von selektiven krankheitsspezifischen Biomarkern ist hochrelevant. Sie sind für die präzise Diagnose und für das Monitoring nach einer (komplement-)gerichteten Therapie von größter Bedeutung.
Komplement-Infektionen – Covid und Nierenerkrankung Bei COVID-19-Infektionen hat sich gezeigt, dass das stark aktivierte Komplementsystem zur Thromboinflammation und Schädigung der Niere beiträgt und einen erheblichen Faktor bei dieser Infektion darstellt.
Chronisch myeloische Leukämie
Authors: Crysandt Martina , Brümmendorf Tim H. 
Published: May 2023

Was ist neu?
Therapieentscheidung Neben der Wirksamkeit spielen individuelle
Therapieziele, Komorbiditäten, Komedikationen und auch Compliance-Themen eine zunehmende Rolle
bei der Auswahl des individuell zu präferierenden Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitors (TKI).
Nebenwirkungen Hier gilt es, die sog. Klasseneffekte (ein Effekt,
der unter allen TKIs bei einer bestimmten Klasse von TKIs auftreten kann) von den
substanzspezifischen Nebenwirkungen der einzelnen TKIs zu unterscheiden.
Was tun bei Nebenwirkungen und Unverträglichkeit? In Studien
konnte gezeigt werden, dass durch Anpassung der Dosis des TKIs (ggf. auch mit zeitlich
begrenzter Therapiepause) und/oder Änderung der Begleitmedikation eine Verbesserung der
Therapietreue (Adhärenz) in den meisten Fällen erreicht werden konnte.
Wie können TKI-Nebenwirkungen vermieden werden? Zur Evaluation
der Belastungen und Einschränkungen ist eine gute Arzt-Patienten-Interaktion entscheidend.
Hiermit wird das Therapieziel einer guten Wirksamkeit und Adhärenz am ehesten erreicht.
Endovaskuläre Therapie der pAVK – Therapieoptionen bei starker Verkalkung
Authors: Zeller Thomas , Noory Elias , Beschorner Ulrich 
Published: May 2023

Was ist neu?
Aktuelle Studiendaten Die randomisierte Disrupt-III-Studie verglich die intravaskuläre Lithotrypsie verkalkter Plaques zur Läsionsvorbereitung vor medikamentenbeschichteter Ballon-Angioplastie (DCB) mit einer Vordilatation mit einem herkömmlichen Ballon. Die einarmige REALITY-Studie untersuchte die direktionale Atherektomie zur Läsionsvorbereitung vor DCB-Angioplastie. Beide Studien zeigten, dass sich auch schwer verkalkte Stenosen und Verschlüsse der femoropoplitealen Arterie bis zu 30cm Länge erfolgreich mit einer geringen Stent-Implantationsrate behandeln lassen. Dies ist von besonderer Bedeutung, da sich in einer multivariaten Analyse eine Residualstenose > 30% nach DCB-Angioplastie als einziger unabhängiger Risikofaktor für eine Restenose erwiesen hat. Der potenzielle Nutzen der Lithotrypsie wurde auch in einer Studie an Zugangsarterien, die für die transfemorale Implantation von Aortenklappenprothesen benötigt werden, mit einer hohen Erfolgs- und niedrigen Komplikationsrate untersucht.
Technisches Verfahren zur Behandlung verkalkter Plaques: Intravaskuläre Lithotrypsie (IVL) Die intravaskuläre Lithotrypsie ist eine neue Katheter-Technologie. Dabei wird über einen in der Stenose inflatierten Ballon-Katheter durch die Emission pulsatiler akustischer Stoßwellen die verkalkte Plaque frakturiert. Ziel ist, kalkbedingtes Recoil und Dissektionen zu reduzieren. Dieses Therapiekonzept wird aktuell neben der femoropoplitealen Strombahn in anderen Gefäßprovinzen wie Unterschenkel- und Beckenarterien in klinischen Studien erprobt.Atherektomie-Systeme sind bereits seit mehr als einer Dekade zur Therapie der pAVK etabliert, insbesondere die direktionale Atherektomie erlaubt es, exzentrische verkalkte Plaques gezielt zu entfernen. Klinische Studien untersuchen den möglicherweise additiven Effekt der Kombination einer mechanischen und biologischen Restenoseprophylaxe mittels DCB.
Near-peer compared to faculty teaching of abdominal ultrasound for medical students – A randomized-controlled trial
Authors: Serra Andreas , Walter Robin , Hari Roman , Kälin Kaspar , Birrenbach Tanja , Tal Kali , Roumet Marie , Limacher Andreas , Huwendiek Sören 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose Medical schools increasingly rely on near-peer tutors for ultrasound teaching. We set out to compare the efficacy of a blended near-peer ultrasound teaching program to that of a faculty course in a randomized controlled trial.
Methods 152 medical students received 21 hours of ultrasound teaching either by near-peer teachers or medical doctors. The near-peer course consisted of blended learning that included spaced repetition. The faculty-led course was the European common course for abdominal sonography. The primary outcome measurement was the students’ ultrasound knowledge at month 6, assessed by structured examination (score 0 to 50). Secondary outcomes included scores at month 0 and changes in scores after the course.
Results Students in the near-peer group scored 37 points, and students in the faculty group scored 31 points six months after course completion. The difference of 5.99 points (95% CI 4.48;7.49) in favor of the near-peer group was significant (p<0.001). Scores immediately after the course were 3.8 points higher in the near-peer group (2.35; 5.25, p<0.001). Ultrasound skills decreased significantly in the six months after course completion in the faculty group (–2.41 points, [–3.39; –1.42], p<0.001]) but barely decreased in the near-peer group (–0.22 points, [–1.19; 0.75, p=0.66]).
Conclusion The near-peer course that combined blended learning and spaced repetition outperformed standard faculty teaching in basic ultrasound education. This study encourages medical schools to use peer teaching combined with e-learning and spaced repetition as an effective means to meet the increasing demand for ultrasound training.