bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the genetic composition of cotton‐top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) before sweeping anthropogenic impact
Authors: Rasmussen Linett , Fontsere Claudia , Soto‐Calderón Iván D. , Guillen Rosamira , Savage Anne , Hansen Anders Johannes , Hvilsom Christina , Gilbert M. Thomas P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDuring the last century, the critically endangered cotton‐top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) has been threatened by multiple anthropogenic factors that drastically affected their habitat and population size. As the genetic impact of these pressures is largely unknown, this study aimed to establish a genetic baseline with the use of temporal sampling to determine the genetic makeup before detrimental anthropogenic impact. Genomes were resequenced from a combination of historical museum samples and modern wild samples at low‐medium coverage, to unravel how the cotton‐top tamarin population structure and genomic diversity may have changed during this period. Our data suggest two populations can be differentiated, probably separated historically by the mountain ranges of the Paramillo Massif in Colombia. Although this population structure persists in the current populations, modern samples exhibit genomic signals consistent with recent inbreeding, such as long runs of homozygosity and a reduction in genome‐wide heterozygosity especially in the greater northeast population. This loss is likely the consequence of the population reduction following the mass exportation of cotton‐top tamarins for biomedical research in the 1960s, coupled with the habitat loss this species continues to experience. However, current populations have not experienced an increase in genetic load. We propose that the historical genetic baseline established in this study can be used to provide insight into alteration in the modern population influenced by a drastic reduction in population size as well as providing background information to be used for future conservation decision‐making for the species.
Augustinian Roots of Rawls's Second Principle of Justice: Grace and Fair Equality of Opportunity
Authors: Santori Paolo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe debate over John Rawls's two principles of justice is ongoing. Among the many controversies, there is a hierarchal relationship within the second principle of justice. Scholars have long discussed the meaning and desirability of the lexical priority of the principle of fair equality of opportunity over the difference principle. The present article explores this topic from an unusual and underdeveloped angle. The controversy will be analyzed through the theological categories developed by the young Rawls in his work A Brief Inquiry into the Meaning of Sin and Faith. There, Rawls rejected the Pelagian heresy, according to which human beings can merit their salvation in a contractual relationship with God. Conversely, they can perform actions and deeds with implications for their eternal life by virtue of the gratuitous and undeserved intervention of God. I will show how this theological understanding became a political idea expressed precisely in the content and structure of the second principle of justice. As final remarks, I will argue that the appeal to the young Rawls's idea can be a suitable, yet unexpected, way in which the comprehensive doctrine of Christianity can support the political conception of justice expressed in Rawls's second major work, Political Liberalism.
Effects of bariatric surgery and dietary interventions for obesity on brain neurotransmitter systems and metabolism: A systematic review of positron emission tomography (PET) and single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies
Authors: Al‐Alsheikh Alhanouf S. , Alabdulkader Shahd , Miras Alexander D. , Goldstone Anthony P. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryThis systematic review collates studies of dietary or bariatric surgery interventions for obesity using positron emission tomography and single‐photon emission computed tomography. Of 604 publications identified, 22 met inclusion criteria. Twelve studies assessed bariatric surgery (seven gastric bypass, five gastric bypass/sleeve gastrectomy), and ten dietary interventions (six low‐calorie diet, three very low‐calorie diet, one prolonged fasting). Thirteen studies examined neurotransmitter systems (six used tracers for dopamine DRD2/3 receptors: two each for 11C‐raclopride, 18F‐fallypride, 123I‐IBZM; one for dopamine transporter, 123I‐FP‐CIT; one used tracer for serotonin 5‐HT2A receptor, 18F‐altanserin; two used tracers for serotonin transporter, 11C‐DASB or 123I‐FP‐CIT; two used tracer for μ‐opioid receptor, 11C‐carfentanil; one used tracer for noradrenaline transporter, 11C‐MRB); seven studies assessed glucose uptake using 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose; four studies assessed regional cerebral blood flow using 15O‐H2O (one study also used arterial spin labeling); and two studies measured fatty acid uptake using 18F‐FTHA and one using 11C‐palmitate. The review summarizes findings and correlations with clinical outcomes, eating behavior, and mechanistic mediators. The small number of studies using each tracer and intervention, lack of dietary intervention control groups in any surgical studies, heterogeneity in time since intervention and degree of weight loss, and small sample sizes hindered the drawing of robust conclusions across studies.
Interpretable ensemble imbalance learning strategies for the risk assessment of severe‐low‐level wind shear based on LiDAR and PIREPs
Authors: Khattak Afaq , Chan Pak‐Wai , Chen Feng , Peng Haorong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe occurrence of severe low‐level wind shear (S‐LLWS) events in the vicinity of airport runways poses a significant threat to flight safety and exacerbates a burgeoning problem in civil aviation. Identifying the risk factors that contribute to occurrences of S‐LLWS can facilitate the improvement of aviation safety. Despite the significant influence of S‐LLWS on aviation safety, its occurrence is relatively infrequent in comparison to non‐SLLWS incidents. In this study, we develop an S‐LLWS risk prediction model through the utilization of ensemble imbalance learning (EIL) strategies, namely, BalanceCascade, EasyEnsemble, and RUSBoost. The data for this study were obtained from PIREPs and LiDAR at Hong Kong International Airport. The analysis revealed that the BalanceCascade strategy outperforms EasyEnsemble and RUSBoost in terms of prediction performance. Afterward, the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) interpretation tool was used in conjunction with the BalanceCascade model for the risk assessment of various factors. The four most influential risk factors, according to the SHAP interpretation tool, were hourly temperature, runway 25LD, runway 25LA, and RWY (encounter location of LLWS). S‐LLWS was likely to happen at Runway 25LD and Runway 25LA in temperatures ranging from low to moderate. Similarly, a high proportion of S‐LLWS events occurred near the runway threshold, and a relatively small proportion occurred away from it. The EIL strategies in conjunction with the SHAP interpretation tool may accurately predict the S‐LLWS without the need for data augmentation in the data pre‐processing phase.
The globalisation of Italian agriculture. Transformations of migrant labour composition in agriculture in Trentino
Authors: Della Puppa Francesco , Piovesan Serena 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe cultivation of apples is one of the principal economic activities in Trentino, which is responsible for 25% of Italian apple production and 4% of European apple production. The industry is structurally based on migrant work, especially from Eastern European countries in the EU. This model has come up against obstacles due to EU migrant workers redrawing their trajectories: They now tend to remain in their country of origin or move towards central European countries, where they find better wages and working conditions. This is also due to the inadequacy of Italian migration policies, which make it difficult for employers to recruit migrant workers. As a result, employers started to recruit refugees and asylum seekers from countries in the sub‐Saharan and Indian subcontinent who had recently arrived in Trentino. This article analyses these transformations and the trend of ‘refugeeisation’ process of the agricultural workforce, as well as the partial replacement of seasonal workers in Trentino. It then focuses on the impact of the pandemic on international recruitment and on the organisation of the migrant workforce.
Towards a new era in the governance of integrated activation: A systematic review of the literature on the governance of welfare benefits and employment‐related services in Europe (2010–21)
Authors: van Gerven Minna , Malava Tuuli , Saikku Peppi , Mesiäislehto Merita 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article presents the results of a systematic literature review of research articles (N = 72) to study the governance logic of integrated activation policies and the problems relating to reintegrating welfare benefits with services. The inductive study of the problems indicated in the literature demonstrates both the vertical and horizontal aspects of the governance of integrated activation at the street level: challenges are tied to the top‐down activation policy; requirements and strategies of delivering benefits and services; collaboration and coordination in delivery chains; and risks and inequality that streel‐level bureaucrats are trying to deal with in their work. The results point primarily to flaws in the vertical governance of activation, such as frontline work problems and collaborative practices between different actors and agencies. Moreover, some problems relating to collaboration and coordination, pointed towards the challenges in horizontal governance of activation. The article, however, demonstrates how the governance of integrated activation requires a coupling of these different streams of governance and understanding governance as a complex network of interdependencies and causal connections between institutions, organisations, and co‐production with end users.
Efficacy of quaternary ammonium salt‐based disinfectant or chelated copper–zinc footbath solution in the treatment of digital dermatitis on one research dairy farm in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Yi‐Hsuan , Chen Yi‐Ming , Tu Po‐An , Yeh Yi‐Hsin , Lee Kuo‐Hua , Hsu Jih‐Tay 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundFootbaths can be used to manage digital dermatitis (DD), a common cause of lameness in dairy cattle. Copper sulfate and chelated copper–zinc (CZS) solutions in footbaths are potentially harmful to the environment.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine if a quaternary ammonium salt‐based disinfectant (QASD) footbath is as effective as a chelated CZS solution in controlling DD in dairy cows.AnimalsFifty‐one lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups, with DD status based on the M‐stage scoring system and locomotion score balanced between treatment groups.Materials and MethodsThe groups were treated with a 1% QASD or a 2.5% chelated CZS. Footbaths were performed once per week for 15 weeks. Logistic regression was used to analyse clinical improvement. All cows received appropriate medical treatment for DD and other hoof diseases.ResultsClinical improvement rates were 67% in the QASD group and 38% in the CZS group (p = 0.03). Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds (95% confidence interval) for clinical improvement rate in the CZS group were 0.30 (0.095–0.948) times that of the QASD group (p = 0.04). The M0 score in the QASD and CZS groups increased significantly (p < 0.05) at the end of the 15 week study period. In the QASD group, the proportion of M2, M3 and M4 scores were significantly decreased (p < 0.05).Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceOver a 15 week period, QASD for footbathing was associated with a lower prevalence of active DD lesions than when using CZS.
Computed tomographic imaging and surgical management of distal insertional avulsion fragments of the caudal cruciate ligament in four horses
Authors: Bolz Nico Michael , Ehrle Anna , Mählmann Kathrin , Lischer Christophorus Johannes 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe cases with caudal cruciate ligament (CdCL) avulsion fragments diagnosed based on computed tomography (CT) examination and report on arthroscopic fragment removal.AnimalsFour Warmblood horses with hindlimb lameness and osseous fragments located in the caudal medial femorotibial joint (mFTJ).Study designShort case series.MethodsCT and arthroscopic evaluation of the caudal mFTJ were performed. The caudal mFTJ and the insertion of the CdCL on the tibia were assessed and removal of the avulsion fragments was attempted in three horses using a cranial intercondylar approach.ResultsThe fragment was not accessible via caudomedial approaches in one horse. A cranial intercondylar approach was used in three horses, allowing removal of the intra‐articular fragment in two horses, and removal of two‐thirds of the proximal fragment in the last horse. Acute, profuse, arterial bleeding occurred in this horse during surgery with transient postoperative soft tissue swelling. Comorbidities included medial femoral condyle cartilage defects (3), cranial cruciate ligament lesions (2), and medial collateral ligament lesions (2). Horses were followed up for 16 months (median, range 11–28 months), at which point all were back in ridden exercise; owners' satisfaction was good.ConclusionCT examination confirmed the diagnosis and allowed evaluation of the stifle joint for comorbidities. A cranial intercondylar arthroscopic approach facilitated the removal of CdCL insertional avulsion fragments, although not always complete.Clinical significanceA cranial intercondylar approach can allow access to CdCL avulsion fragments, but complications and incomplete removal remain possible.
Compressible Large Eddy Simulation of Thermoacoustic Instabilities in the PRECCINSTA Combustor Using Flamelet Generated Manifolds With Dynamic Thickened Flame Model
Authors: Gövert Simon , Lipkowicz Jonathan Timo , Janus Bertram 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The fully compressible, density-based CFD-solver TRACE has been extended for simulations of turbulent reacting flows in aero engine gas turbine combustors. The flamelet generated manifolds combustion model is utilized to account for detailed chemical kinetics and combined with the dynamically thickened flame model to resolve the flame front on the large eddy simulation (LES) mesh. The chemistry tabulation is coupled with the LES solver by inversion of the transported energy equation using tabulated mixture averaged NASA polynomial coefficients. LES of the PRECCINSTA test case, a lean, partially premixed swirl combustor are performed and the two distinctive regimes are correctly predicted: a stable regime with a “quite” stable flame and an unstable regime with an oscillating flame driven by self-excited thermoacoustic instabilities. Statistics collected from the simulations, mean, and root-mean-square values are in good agreement with the experimental reference data for both operating conditions. The dominant frequency of the unstable flame deviates from the measurement by about 100 Hz and requires further investigation. The results demonstrate the general suitability of the simulation framework for reacting flow simulations in gas turbine combustion systems and the prediction of self-excited thermoacoustic oscillations.
A Surge/Stall-Capable Dynamic Performance Simulation Methodology for a Turbojet Engine
Authors: Güllü Emrah , Aran Gökhan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A lumped-parameter dynamic performance model for a single-spool turbojet engine is presented in this paper. This model can handle pre and poststall transients under forward and reverse-flow conditions. The inter-component volume technique is employed instead of the standard matching technique to be able to handle high-frequency transients and reverse-flow conditions. Inspired by Greitzer's lumped-parameter surge model, momentum (duct) and volume elements are placed within the flow path to handle surge dynamics. Compressor and turbine maps are extended to low-flow and reverse-flow regions using a combination of the guidelines presented by Kurzke, the cubic axisymmetric characteristics of Moore and Greitzer, and a quadratic function guess for in-stall characteristics. Combustor efficiency, stability limits, and delay are taken from the literature. Poststall behavior of the model is validated using the data available in the literature for a Rolls-Royce Viper engine. A good match is observed with a correct prediction of poststall behaviors, which transition from surge after locked stall to multiple surge cycles around 80% speed and multiple surge cycles to surge after flameout around 95% speed. The effects of different modeling choices and modeling parameters on the obtained results are discussed. The produced model can be calibrated for a specific engine with surge tests, and it can be used for hard-to-test scenarios like surge after shaft breakage. Different surge/stall-causing events, such as fuel spiking, in-bleeding, and shaft breakage, are simulated to see the capabilities of the model.
Optimizing Micro Gas Turbine Operation in a Microgrid System With Natural Gas and Hydrogen Fuel: An Artificial Intelligence-Based Approach
Authors: Banihabib Reyhaneh , Skaug Fadnes Fredrik , Assadi Mohsen , Bensmann Boris 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In the coming years, decentralized power generation systems with renewables are expected to take a leading role, and micro gas turbines will serve as backup sources to compensate for times of low inputs from other sources. In order to deal with the unpredictable energy inputs from renewables, the micro gas turbine must be capable of running under varying load conditions and making fast transitions between them. The operation of a micro gas turbine in an integrated microgrid (MG) has the potential to reduce operational costs and ensure the delivery of demanded heat and power to consumers. This paper investigates the operation of a micro gas turbine in a MG, serving as a supplementary power source for a municipal building. The building's required energy is initially provided by wind turbine power, and the micro gas turbine serves as a backup source during times of wind power deficiency. The micro gas turbine can operate using a natural gas/hydrogen fuel blend ranging from zero to 100% hydrogen. Furthermore, a water electrolyzer with a hydrogen tank is available to operate as a storage system within the MG. The study's results demonstrate the economic and environmental benefits of using hydrogen storage and optimizing operational planning in the MG. The primary objective of the paper is to highlight the feasibility and benefits of employing micro gas turbines and hydrogen storage systems within a MG as a renewable energy backup power source.
Development of Boron-Containing Electrolyte Additive for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Sarıgöl Zahid , Özkan Gülay , Özkan Göksel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this study, triphenylphosphine boron trifluoride (BF3 · PPh3) was synthesized to be used as an electrolyte additive in Li/LiCoO2 half-cells. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis techniques were used to determine the structure and composition of the synthesized substance. The battery performance was investigated by adding certain amounts of BF3 · PPh3 in 1 M LiPF6-ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate/diethyl carbonate (1:1:1 by volume) electrolyte. CR2032 coin cells were assembled with the electrodes and electrolytes prepared in the laboratory. The electrochemical behaviors of the battery were investigated via cyclic voltammetry and charge–discharge tests. The addition of 0.5 wt% and 1 wt% BF3 · PPh3 in the electrolyte improved the lithium-ion battery’s ionic conductivity and capacity retention. The results show that BF3 · PPh3 has potential applications in lithium-ion batteries.
Anti-inflammatory effect of
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
T1 cell-free supernatants through suppression of oxidative stress and NF-κB- and MAPK-signaling pathways
Authors: Hao Rui , Liu Qianqian , Wang Lu , Jian Wenwen , Cheng Yu , Zhang Qiuyue , Hayer Kim , Kamarudin Raja Idris Raja , Zhang Yi , Lu He , Tu Zeng 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
T1 is an isolated probiotic lactic acid bacterium (LAB) from pickled vegetables in Chongqing, China. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity and the underlying mechanisms of
L. plantarum
T1 cell-free supernatant (CFS) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine RAW264.7 macrophages
in vitro
. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), immunofluorescence, Griess methods, and western blotting were utilized to assess the anti-inflammatory cytokines and antioxidative effect of
L. plantarum
T1 CFS. Our results showed that
L. plantarum
T1 CFS pretreatment significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, including nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)−1β, and IL-6, as well as reactive oxygen species. Interestingly,
L. plantarum
T1 CFS unregulated the antioxidant indicators, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore,
L. plantarum
T1 CFS activated the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. This study showed the excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of
L. plantarum
T1 through multiple pathways, highlighting its potential for further research and application as a probiotic strain.

IMPORTANCE

L. plantarum
T1 stood out in a series of acid and bile salt tolerance and bacterial inhibition tests as a probiotic isolated from paocai, which provides many health benefits to the host by inhibiting the growth of harmful pathogenic microorganisms and suppressing excessive levels of oxidative stress and inflammation. Not all LAB have good probiotic functions and are used in various applications. The anti-inflammatory antioxidant potential and mechanisms of
L. plantarum
T1 CFS have not been described and reported. By using RT-qPCR, Griess method, and western blotting, we showed that
L. plantarum
T1 CFS had anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Griess assay, TBA assay, WST-8 assay, immunofluorescence assay, RT-qPCR, and western blotting data revealed that its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms were associated with oxidative stress and NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of
L. plantarum
T1 CFS in paocai generates opportunities for probiotic product development.