bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global access to management of primary hyperoxaluria: a survey on behalf of OxalEurope, G&K working group of the ERA, and ESPN
Authors: Deesker Lisa J , Oubram Laila , Almardini Reham , Baum Michelle A , Bonilla-Felix M , Figueres Lucile , Garrelfs Sander F , Groothoff Jaap W , Ekulu Pépé M , Müller Roman-Ulrich , Oosterveld Michiel J S , Qian Shen , Sayer John A , Soliman Neveen , Moochhala Shabbir H , Bacchetta Justine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and hypothesis
Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) is a rare disorder with significant morbidity and mortality if left untreated. Given the rarity, global inequities in diagnostics and treatment are expected. Recently introduced RNA interference therapeutics (RNAi) have dramatically changed the outcome for PH patients, potentially disproportionately affecting low-resource regions. Understanding these disparities is crucial for implementing measures, ensuring equitable healthcare access for PH patients worldwide. This study aims to evaluate the current global health situation for PH patients upon the introduction of targeted therapeutics.

Methods
An international cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among healthcare providers involved in PH care. Responses were gathered between March 2023 and April 2024 and distributed by email via various international nephrology networks. Meta-analysis (mixed random effects model with inverse-variance weighting) was used to analyze data and adjust for subgroup differences.

Results
We gathered 136 responses from 57 countries, representing all World Bank regions. Overall access to genetic analysis diagnostics was 82% (CI, 77–91%) and to urinary oxalate measurement 97% (93–100%). Significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) between low- and high-income countries were found for most diagnostics including genetic testing, plasma oxalate, plasma and urinary glycolate. Conservative therapies (e.g. pyridoxine and alkalinizing agents) were highly available globally (98% and 95%), but significant differences in access to peritoneal dialysis, kidney- and liver transplantation were reported (P &lt; 0.05). Access to RNA interference therapeutic lumasiran was limited to high- and middle-income countries, with 53% (40–66%) of all countries having access (78% high-income versus 56% middle-income). Even in high-income countries, RNAi was not always accessible.

Conclusions
We found global disparities in access to optimal management of PH patients, disproportionately affecting low-income countries, but even existing between high-income countries. These results may provide support for initiatives to improve the outcome of PH patients worldwide in an era of new targeted therapeutic treatments.
A volumetric analysis of timing and duration of T2/FLAIR changes on MRI following radiation therapy in patients with Low-Grade IDH-Mutant Glioma
Authors: Sutherland Isabella , Ulano Adam , Thomas Alissa A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Patients with IDH-mutant low-grade glioma (LGG) can achieve many years of survival with radiation (RT) and chemotherapy. There is risk of overtreatment and negative treatment side-effects if these patients are unnecessarily retreated due to perceived tumor progression in the absence of true tumor regrowth. Better understanding of volumetric post-radiation FLAIR changes will help with clinical interpretation of disease progression/treatment effect and will help guide management decisions. We conducted this research to characterize the changes in MRI FLAIR hyperintensity that occur in LGG patients following RT, to better understand the radiation-treatment effects or “pseudoprogression” that occurs in absence of true tumor regrowth.

Methods
Serial MRI scans of patients with LGG were reviewed, including pre-RT and for 2.5 years post-RT. Segmentation for volumetric analysis was performed with manual supervision using ITK-SNAP (open-source segmentation software). Descriptive statistics are reported.

Results
Sixteen patients with histologic grade 2 gliomas were included. 159 MRI scans were segmented using ITK-SNAP (median 9.5 MRIs/patient). Nine of 16 MRIs showed decreasing FLAIR volume immediately post-RT, while 7/16 showed increasing FLAIR volume. After the initial post-RT MRI, 12/16 patients had MRIs with an increase in FLAIR volume sometime during the first year. The FLAIR volume stabilized or decreased a median of 18.4 months and mean of 15.0 months post-RT.

Conclusion
FLAIR hyperintensity changes on MRI are highly variable in the first 1.5 years post-RT in low-grade glioma, but after 1.5 years, FLAIR volumes stabilize and decrease, likely indicating the inflection point where post-RT pseudoprogression stabilizes.
Generative Artificial Intelligence: A Historical Perspective
Authors: He Ran , Cao Jie , Tan Tieniu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) has recently achieved significant success, enabling anyone to create texts, images, videos, and even computer codes while providing insights that might not be possible with traditional tools. To stimulate future research, this work provides a brief summary of the ongoing and historical developments in GAI over the past 70 years. The achievements are grouped into four categories: (i) rule-based generative systems that follow specialized rules and instructions, (ii) model-based generative algorithms that produce new content based on statistical or graphical models, (iii) deep generative methodologies that utilize deep neural networks to learn how to generate new content from data, and (iv) foundation models that are trained on extensive datasets and capable of performing a variety of generative tasks. This paper also reviews successful generative applications and identifies open challenges posed by remaining issues. In addition, this paper describes potential research directions aimed at better utilizing, understanding, and harnessing GAI technologies.
Breaking Kasha's rule for photoswitchable reactive oxygen species generation in carbonylated carbon nitride
Authors: Zhao Jun , Li Hui , Li Zhihao , Jiang Shenlong , Guan Manqin , Zhang Peng , Shang Shu , Zhao Zhi , Wang Hui , Zhang Qun , Zhang Xiaodong , Xie Yi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Photoswitchable catalysis enables the non-invasive regulation of light-to-chemical energy conversion, where catalysts with wavelength-dependent photoexcitation behaviors are typically required. However, as for semiconductors, the ultrafast hot-excited-species cooling, depicted as Kasha's rule, tends to induce the accumulation of photoinduced species on the lowest excited states, which brings about a detrimental effect on achieving photoswitchable catalysis. Herein, by taking polymeric carbon nitride as an example, we demonstrate photoswitchable molecular oxygen activation to be achieved by incorporating carbonyl groups into the matrix: in the range of 300–400 nm, hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen are identified as the dominant reactive oxygen species under high- and low-energy excitations, respectively. Photoluminescence and ultrafast transient absorption measurements confirm the breakdown of Kasha's rule in carbonylated carbon nitride, where the obstructed relaxation of hot excited species leads to nontrivial wavelength-dependent photophysical properties. And this anti-Kasha behavior is attributed to carbonyl-induced spin–orbit coupling, where the mixing of singlet and triplet states would lead to robust leaps/relaxations between these states, which in turn affects the cooling process of hot photoinduced species. This work deepens the understanding of modulating hot-excited-species relaxation for gaining versatile semiconductor-based photocatalysis.
Differences in e-cigarette use behaviors and device and liquid characteristics of U.S. adults by sexual and gender identity
Authors: Crespi Elizabeth , Hardesty Jeffrey J , Nian Qinghua , Cohen Joanna E 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
E-cigarette use behaviors and device and liquid characteristics have addiction, cessation, and health implications. E-cigarettes may exacerbate or reduce existing tobacco and nicotine product disparities by sexual and gender identity. We examine e-cigarette device and liquid characteristics and tobacco and nicotine product use by sexual and gender identity.

Methods
Data are from the VAPER study (wave 5: Feb-Apr 2023), an online cohort of U.S. adults (≥21 years) using e-cigarettes ≥5 days per week. Participants (n=1186) reported on tobacco and nicotine product use and submitted photos of their most used e-cigarette device and liquid. Rao-Scott Chi-square tests with Bonferroni corrections were used to cross-sectionally assess differences in tobacco and nicotine product use behaviors and e-cigarette device and liquid characteristics by sexual and gender identity.

Results
A greater percentage of bisexual women vs. heterosexual and gay men used disposable devices (54% vs. 31% and 19%) and nicotine concentrations ≥20 mg/mL (77% vs 59% and 34%). A higher proportion of heterosexual women than men used disposable devices (42% vs 31%). A greater percentage of bisexual (20%) than heterosexual (9%) women never smoked cigarettes (p&lt;0.05). A higher proportion of heterosexual (9.4%) and bisexual (16.4%) men vs. heterosexual women (3%) used nicotine pouches (p&lt;0.05).

Conclusions
E-cigarette characteristics, which have implications for addiction, health, and cessation, and tobacco and nicotine product use behaviors vary by sexual and gender identity. Targeted interventions may be needed to alleviate and prevent health disparities. Agencies must consider potential variation in regulatory impacts by sexual and gender identity.

Implications
This study of adults frequently using e-cigarettes highlights differences in e-cigarette device and liquid characteristics and tobacco and nicotine product use by sexual and gender identity. For example, a greater percentage of bisexual and heterosexual women than heterosexual men used disposable e-cigarette devices. Given the variation in how e-cigarettes and other tobacco and nicotine products are used, researchers and regulators must consider how health outcomes, cessation behaviors, and responses to interventions or regulatory actions associated with e-cigarette use may vary by sexual and gender identity.
Spontaneous bilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage: an unusual clinical scenario
Authors: Sunil Bhatta , Hemant Ojha , Sukriti Pandit 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The most significant threat factor for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is hypertension, which frequently results in solitary hematoma. Bilateral basal ganglia simultaneous hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhages are exceedingly rare. Few case reports of concomitant hypertensive ICH in the bilateral basal ganglia region exist in the literature. The majority of documented patients received conservative care and had dreadful prognoses. We report a case of a 43-year-old male, who presented to our emergency room with concurrent hypertensive bilateral hemorrhages within both basal ganglia. He was managed conservatively and attained a recoverable state. We would like to report this case because of the clinical rarity, paucity of published case reports, and the widespread dispute on its management.
An incidental finding of Cor Triatriatum in an adult with left ventricular dysfunction and atrial flutter
Authors: Meel Ruchika , Sothoane Keitumetsi Lucy , Variava Ebrahim 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The global incidence of Cor Triatriatum ranges from 0.1% to 0.4 globally. It is a rare diagnosis, with only a few cases reported in Africa. This case report outlines the first presentation of Cor Triatriatum in a 34-year-old female previously diagnosed with post-partum cardiomyopathy. The purpose of this case report was to raise awareness about the presence of congenital heart disease in adulthood as a potential cause of heart failure. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of detailed echocardiography using advanced imaging techniques for evaluating defects and co-existing lesions.
Prolonged extrapyramidal syndrome due to metoclopramide overdose: a rare case report
Authors: Malakian Abdollah , Omrani Alireza , Omrani Arshia , Ramzani Yasin , Zakariaei Zakaria 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Metoclopramide is a useful antiemetic drug that is widely used in medical emergencies. This drug can cause extrapyramidal side effects that are worrying. An 18-year-old girl student unintentionally consumed a large dose (60 mg) of metoclopramide, exceeding the recommended therapeutic dose, for the management of nausea and vomiting. Approximately six hours after the ingestion of the medication, she developed neck dystonia and upward deviation of the eyes. Seeing these symptoms and worrying about their child’s physical condition, the parents took her to the local medical center in northern Iran. With the diagnosis of the extrapyramidal syndrome and intramuscular administration of biperiden 5 mg ampoule twice at 12-h intervals, unfortunately, the symptoms did not improve and finally he was referred to our hospital. Dystonic reactions caused by metoclopramide can be misdiagnosed and it is necessary to be monitored and treated appropriately to reduce the family’s concern about its unpleasant side effects.
A neural network study of the phase transitions of the two-dimensional antiferromagnetic q-state Potts models on the square lattice
Authors: Tseng Yuan-Heng , Jiang Fu-Jiun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The critical phenomena of the two-dimensional antiferromagnetic q-state Potts model on the square lattice with q = 2, 3, 4 are investigated using the techniques of neural networks (NN). In particular, an unconventional supervised NN which is trained using no information about the physics of the considered systems is employed. In addition, conventional unsupervised autoencoders (AECs) are used in our study as well. Remarkably, while the conventional AECs either fail or only work partially to uncover the critical phenomena of the systems associated with q = 3 and q = 4 investigated here, our unconventional supervised NN correctly identifies the critical behaviors of all the three considered antiferromagnetic q-state Potts models. The results obtained in this study suggest convincingly that the applicability of our unconventional supervised NN is broader than one anticipates. In particular, when a new system is studied with our NN, it is likely that there is not necessary to conduct any training, and one only needs to examine whether an appropriate reduced representation of the original raw configurations exists, so that the same already trained NN can be employed to explore the related phase transition efficiently.
A Monetary-Fiscal Theory of Sudden Inflations
Authors: Bassetto Marco , Miller David S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper posits an information channel as an explanation for sudden inflations. Households saving via nominal government bonds face a choice whether to acquire costly information about future government surpluses. They trade off the cost of acquiring information about the surpluses that back bond repayment against the benefit of a more informed saving decision. Through the information channel, small changes in the economic environment can trigger large responses in consumers’ behavior and prices. This setting explains why there can be long stretches of time during which government surpluses have large movements with little inflation response; yet, at some point, something snaps, and a sudden inflation takes off that is strongly responsive to incoming fiscal news.
A co-designed program for better sleep in Australian First Nations adolescents: Protocol for the Let’s Yarn About Sleep adolescent sleep health program
Authors: Fatima Y , Von Senden R , Bucks R S , Ashby C , Sullivan D P , Smith S S , Blunden S , Yiallourou S , Eastwood P R , Mamun A A , McDaid L , Walsh J , Kinghorn M , Potia A H , Varela S , King S , Solomon S , Fanti M , Skinner T C 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The first-ever comprehensive report on the sleep health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples (hereafter referred to as First Nations Australians) highlighted an 18% prevalence of poor sleep in First Nations youth. While sleep health is important across the lifespan, adolescence is a critical life stage with increased vulnerability to poor sleep. In adolescents, pubertal changes, social and academic commitments, and peer pressure significantly increase the risk of poor sleep, which often results in social and emotional well-being (SEWB) issues. In First Nations adolescents, high rates of SEWB issues demand effective prevention and management strategies. Evidence from non-First Nations adolescents suggests that timely prevention, identification, diagnosis, and management of poor sleep help reduce the risk and severity of SEWB issues in First Nations adolescents.
Fructose induces inflammatory activation in macrophages and microglia through the nutrient‐sensing ghrelin receptor
Authors: Shen Zheng , Liu Zeyu , Wang Hongying , Landrock Danilo , Noh Ji Yeon , Zang Qun Sophia , Lee Chih‐Hao , Farnell Yuhua Z. , Chen Zheng , Sun Yuxiang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHigh fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is a commonly used sweetener in soft drinks and processed foods, and HFCS exacerbates inflammation when consumed in excess. Fructose, a primary component of HFCS; however, it is unclear whether fructose directly activates inflammatory signaling. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) is a receptor of the nutrient‐sensing hormone ghrelin. We previously reported that GHSR ablation mitigates HFCS‐induced inflammation in adipose tissue and liver, shifting macrophages toward an anti‐inflammatory spectrum. Since inflammation is primarily governed by innate immune cells, such as macrophages in the peripheral tissues and microglia in the brain, this study aims to investigate whether GHSR autonomously regulates pro‐inflammatory activation in macrophages and microglia upon fructose exposure. GHSR deletion mutants of RAW 264.7 macrophages and the immortalized microglial cell line (IMG) were generated using CRISPR‐Cas9 gene editing. After treating the cells with equimolar concentrations of fructose or glucose for 24 h, fructose increased mRNA and protein expression of GHSR and pro‐inflammatory cytokines (Il1β, Il6, and Tnfα) in both macrophages and microglia, suggesting that fructose activates Ghsr and induces inflammation directly in macrophages and microglia. Remarkably, GHSR deletion mutants (Ghsrmutant) of macrophages and microglia exhibited reduced inflammatory responses to fructose, indicating that GHSR mediates fructose‐induced inflammation. Furthermore, we found that GHSR regulates fructose transport and fructose metabolism and mediates fructose‐induced inflammatory activation through CREB–AKT‐NF‐κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Our results underscore that fructose triggers inflammation, and reducing HFCS consumption would reduce disease risk. Moreover, these findings reveal for the first time that the nutrient‐sensing receptor GHSR plays a crucial role in fructose‐mediated inflammatory activation, suggesting that targeting GHSR may be a promising therapeutic approach to combat the immunotoxicity of foods that contain fructose.
Bird occurrence and trophic interactions vary across gradients of tree diversity and microclimate in a planted forest
Authors: Coyne Sophie , Osorio Eriberto , Bennett Shelley K. , Kirchgraber Aidan , Parker John D. , Nowakowski A. Justin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDeforestation reshuffles communities across landscapes with myriad consequences for ecosystem function. Following deforestation, rapid exposure to novel microclimates can act as a strong environmental filter, favoring warm-adapted species and decoupling trophic interactions. Forest restoration may partly reverse this process through increased habitat structure, food resources, and buffering of microclimates – each potentially modified by tree diversity. Despite growing evidence that tree diversity and cool microclimates help maintain animal diversity in natural forests, less is known about how these factors shape species assemblages or multitrophic dynamics in restoration areas. Here, using surveys and two field experiments within a long-term tree planting experiment, we assessed the relative effects of tree diversity, forest structure, and associated microclimate on fine-scale space use by birds and their top-down impacts on insects. Surveys showed that fine-scale occurrences of birds increased in cooler plots, which were associated with higher tree diversity and structural complexity. The strength of microclimate effects on bird occurrences was strongest for species that are forest specialists. To assess risk to insect herbivores from avian predation, we used a sentinel prey experiment and found that predation risk increased in warmer plots, counter to our expectations based on bird surveys. Last, we examined top-town effects of bird exclusion on leaf herbivory, finding that skeletonizing patterns of herbivory increased in exclosures and in cooler plots. Taken together, these results suggest that microclimate resulting from variation in forest structure shapes space use of birds at fine scales with complex outcomes for bird-herbivore-tree interactions in planted forests. Active restoration methods that enhance below-canopy cooling may improve biodiversity outcomes and help maintain species interactions that underlie many ecosystem functions.
Resolution ofin situinflammation in human lupus nephritis into principal immune cell trajectories
Authors: Casella Gabriel , Torcasso Madeleine , Ai Junting , Cao Thao , Hara Satoshi , Andrade Michael , Ghosh Deepjyoti , Chang Anthony , Ko Kichul , Chong Anita S. , Giger Maryellen , Clark Marcus R. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn human lupus nephritis (LuN), tubulointerstitial inflammation (TII) is prognostically more important than glomerular inflammation. However, a comprehensive understanding of both TII complexity and heterogeneity is lacking. Herein, we used high-dimensional confocal microscopy and specialized computer vision techniques to quantify immune cell populations and localize these within normal and diseased renal cortex structures. With these tools, we compared LuN to renal allograft rejection (RAR) and normal kidney. In both LuN and RAR, the 33 characterized immune cell populations formed discrete subgroups whose constituents co-varied in prevalence across biopsies. In both diseases, these co-variant immune cell subgroups organized into the same unique niches. Therefore, inflammation could be resolved into trajectories representing the relative prevalence and density of cardinal immune cell members of each co-variant subgroup. Indeed, in any one biopsy, the inflammatory state could be characterized by quantifying constituent immune cell trajectories. Remarkably, LuN heterogeneity could be captured by quantifying a few myeloid immune cell trajectories while RAR was more complex with additional T cell trajectories. Our studies identify rules governing renal inflammation and thus provide an approach for resolving LuN into discrete mechanistic categories.Abstract FigureGraphical Abstract