bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of elastic modulus evolution on springback prediction
Authors: Lemoine X , Devin J M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Today, the hardening Yoshida-Uemori model is implemented in the most used FEA stamping codes (Autoform®, Pamstamp®, LS-Dyna®…) with occasionally some variations. This forming material card is requested regularly by the car manufacturers. The Yoshida-Uemori model is a combined hardening model coupled with the elastic evolution modulus which depends on the equivalent plastic strain. According to the experimental tests conducted and their identification protocol, the set of parameters improves the springback prediction compared to the prediction with a purely isotropic hardening model. The numerical analysis shows that the elastic modulus evolution has an influence on springback prediction of the same order as the combined hardening (isotropic and kinematic). The adjusting parameters governing the evolution of the elastic modulus are identified thanks to hysteresis loops conducted between 0.2% of plastic deformation and uniform elongation (Uel). For each loop, there are several ways to define an unloading elastic module: the chord of loop; the slope deducted from the linear regression on unloading path on a range. According to the choice of range, the value differs. What is the impact of these choices on the springback prediction of a stamped part?
Experimental investigation of the effect of W-temper forming process parameters on springback
Authors: Jemal D E , Zsolt L 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
High strength aluminium alloys have drawn a lot of attention because of the expanding demand for lightweight vehicle design in the automotive sector. Due to poor formability at room temperature warm and hot forming have been advised. However, warm and hot forming methods need more steps in the production process and an advanced tooling system. In contrast, since ordinary tools can be used, forming sheets at room temperature in the W-temper condition is advantageous. However, a significant problem that must be resolved during the use of this technique is the springback of supersaturated sheets and their thinning. In this study, the high strength aluminium alloy was solution heat treated, and a U-shaped bending test was carried out at different time periods between W-temper heat treatment and forming operation. As a result, it is noted that the springback is highly dependent on the time between W-temper heat treatment and forming operations, and the change in shape increases with increasing time. The change in shape after forming was also evaluated using numerical simulation aiming to validate the experimental result. To determine the material parameters of the kinematic hardening model for numerical simulation, uniaxial tension-unload tests were performed under different ageing conditions.
Artificial intelligence-based springback compensation of EV motor component
Authors: Choi Hyunsung , Kwon Yongnam , Cho Joon Ho , Whan Yoon Jeong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The hairpin is a crucial component of the drive motor of an electric vehicle, consisting of a copper coil and a very thin enamel layer. It is manufactured using successive forming processes due to its complex shape. After the forming processes, springback is inevitably observed, which causes critical issues in fabricating the drive motor. Compensating springback is a time and cost-inefficient process, and a new process is required for a cost-efficient forming process. In this research, an intelligent forming process has been proposed for springback compensation of hairpin forming by applying Artificial Intelligence to the forming process. The key parameters for the AI are the dimensions of the copper coil, including bobbin information, material property variance in a coil bobbin, punch stroke, and amount of springback. As a preliminary design, the data set has been constructed through the finite element simulation. For the springback compensation, punch stroke was optimized with the trained AI and optimization algorithm. The results show that AI could play a key role in solving the manufacturing issue.
Optimised parametrisation of the MMC fracture model using AE and FE analysis
Authors: Stockburger E , Wester H , Behrens B-A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
To save resources in component production, finite element (FE) simulations are state of the art during process design to prevent expensive tool modifications. For a high accuracy of a FE simulation, realistic material data is required. Unlike for flow behaviour, the determination of the fracture behaviour is not standardised. Conventionally, tensile tests with different geometries are performed, monitored with digital image correlation (DIC) and fracture is determined on the surface. However, for many specimens the initiation of fracture is assumed to occur inside the material prior to a macroscopic fracture on the surface. Therefore, various tensile tests with butterfly specimens were performed for a HCT980X steel and monitored with a DIC as well as an acoustic emission analysis (AEA) system. The displacement at fracture was evaluated conventionally for fracture on the specimen’s surface based on the DIC and unconventionally for fracture inside the specimen by AEA. FE models of the butterfly tests were created with fracture displacements of both evaluation methods as boundary conditions. Using the numerically determined stress state and fracture strain from the butterfly models, the MMC fracture model was parametrised for both evaluation methods and compared by applying both models to a FE simulation of a forming process.
A uniform method for the characterization of shear fracture strain for high-strength steel sheets under quasi-static and crash loading
Authors: Klitschke S , Westhäuser S , Schneider M , Heitzmann A , Pearce A , Friebe H 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the conflict between lightweight design and crash safety of high-strength steel components failure models for crash simulation have to be calibrated precisely. To predict shear failure strains in a wide strain rate range shear experiments must be performed from quasi-static up to crash-relevant strain rates of about 100 s-1. In particular, asymmetric notched shear tensile specimens have proven useful for this purpose in previous investigations. Using this type of shear specimen, a characterization concept for shear loading in a wide strain rate range is presented for high strength steel sheets of different strength, ductility and sheet thickness in this contribution. Within a round robin test of different laboratories the influence of the degrees of freedom in the clamping area and the free clamping length on the kinematic of the specimens and on the deformation and failure behavior in the shear zone are investigated in detail. The main outcome is that the disadvantages of a fix clamping in terms of shear deformation, shear fracture and homogeneity of the shear zone can be compensated by a large free clamping length. An evaluation method based on digital image correlation (DIC) is presented, which enables an operator- and laboratory-independent determination of shear strains up to failure.
Multistate multiscale docking study of the hydrolysis of toxic nerve agents by phosphotriesterase
Authors: Gupta Prashant Kumar , Tarannam Naziha , Zev Shani , Major Dan Thomas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The G- and V-type nerve agents are among the most toxic compounds known, where inhalation of a few mg could cause potential death. Over the years wild-type phosphotriesterase (PTE) has gained much attention due to its capability of detoxifying these deadly compounds. The underlying mechanism proceeds via a hydroxyl attack on the P or C centers of the organophosphate nerve agents followed by the departure of the leaving group. Two Zn2+ cations present in the active site center of PTE indirectly assist the hydrolysis. Apart from the wild-type PTE, several designer enzyme variants reportedly catalyze the hydrolysis process much more efficiently. Herein, we studied the hydrolysis of eight toxic compounds with one of the enzyme variants (PTE_27) that show higher efficiency than the wild type as reported in a recent article. We docked both the high energy intermediate state and substrate for all the eight ligands using a consensus docking scheme as implemented in the docking program EnzyDock. Additionally, we investigated the hydrolytic reaction mechanism for all eight ligands employing density functional theory in implicit chloroform solvent and found that hydrolysis for these ligands follows three different possible mechanisms. Finally, EnzyDock successfully predicted correct enantiomeric poses and also score these as low energy docked structures.
Weld defect identification and characterization in radiographic images using deep learning: Review
Authors: Bansal Abhi , Vettivel S C , Kumar Mukesh , Agarwal Muskan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Defects in the welds degrade the quality of the weld. Weld defect identification is a challenging task in the industry because of the wide range of weld imperfections. Weld defect detection using radiographic images is an effective technique for achieving good weld quality in shipbuilding and aerospace applications. Foreign inclusions, cracks and pores are examples of welding joint imperfections. Several appropriate computer-based image processing techniques have made the detection of weld defects possible. It is challenging because weld imperfection can show various sizes, shapes, contrasts and locations in radiography images. The accuracy of this inspection process is more dependent on various external factors and is also time-consuming. Automatic weld defect detection is needed by analyzing the images obtained directly from digital radiographic systems. This paper uses a unique image-based approach to a small batch of x-ray imaging datasets to investigate a potential solution for weld defect identification. This article compares a deep learning network’s performance for various parameter and hyper-parameter combinations. Also it compares the traditional approaches of defect detection using manual inspection method, feature-based defect identification, and finally deep - learning based approach on several types of weld defects in various industrial applications. This comparative analysis concludes that deep learning-based approaches have achieved more accuracy as compared to conventional techniques. This research paper also highlights a few challenges and future directions in welding area.
Have We Been Underestimating Modifiable Dementia Risk? An Alternative Approach for Calculating the Combined Population Attributable Fraction for Modifiable Dementia Risk Factors
Authors: Welberry Heidi J , Tisdell Christopher C , Huque Md. Hamidul , Jorm Louisa R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Estimating the fraction of dementia cases in a population attributable to a risk factor or combination of risk factors (the population attributable fraction (PAF)) informs the design and choice of dementia risk-reduction activities. It is directly relevant to dementia prevention policy and practice. Current methods employed widely in the dementia literature to combine PAFs for multiple dementia risk factors assume a multiplicative relationship between factors and rely on subjective criteria to develop weightings for risk factors. In this paper we present an alternative approach to calculating the PAF based on sums of individual risk. It incorporates individual risk factor interrelationships and enables a range of assumptions about the way in which multiple risk factors will combine to affect dementia risk. Applying this method to global data demonstrates that the previous estimate of 40% is potentially too conservative an estimate of modifiable dementia risk and would necessitate subadditive interaction between risk factors. We calculate a plausible conservative estimate of 55.7% (95% confidence interval: 55.2, 56.1) based on additive risk factor interaction.
Preventing Retraction With Use of Primary Eyelid Spacer Grafts in Cosmetic Lower Lid Blepharoplasty
Authors: Bui Huyen , Li Dong , Kim H Joon 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Lower eyelid retraction is a challenging complication that can develop after a cosmetic lower eyelid blepharoplasty. Factors such as proptosis and negative orbital vector may place patients at a higher risk for developing postblepharoplasty retraction. Rather than addressing this complication after it occurs postoperatively, this study focuses on preventing its occurrence through the use of primary eyelid spacer grafts during the initial blepharoplasty.

Objectives
The goal of this study was to review the outcomes of primary eyelid spacer graft placement during the initial cosmetic lower lid blepharoplasty.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed at Emory Eye Center between January 1, 2014, and January 1, 2022. Patients that underwent lower eyelid blepharoplasty with primary eyelid spacer graft placement were identified and included in the study. Fifteen patients with Hertel measurements of &gt;17 and adequate preoperative and postoperative photographs were analyzed.

Results
Fifteen patients with exophthalmometry measurements of &gt;17 and adequate preoperative and postoperative photographs were analyzed. The mean change in marginal reflex distance 2 was 0.19 mm (range, −1.05 to 1.24 mm). Two patients developed eyelid retraction at their long-term follow-up. Both patients developed retraction about 2 years after the initial surgery.

Conclusions
Although this study was limited by its retrospective nature and had a small sample size, none of these high-risk patients developed immediate post blepharoplasty retraction. Careful preoperative evaluation should be performed to identify these high-risk patients, and placement of a primary eyelid spacer graft during the initial lower eyelid blepharoplasty should be considered in this population.
A Novel Technique for the Permanent Restoration of Pretarsal Fullness of the Lower Eyelids
Authors: Chang Ray-Hon , Chang Yean-Lu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
The presence of static pretarsal fullness is an essential aesthetic feature in Asian culture that endows a youthful and smiling attractive look to the face. The restoration of static pretarsal fullness using acellular dermal matrix implantation or autogenous fascia grafting can result in suboptimal outcomes because of the unpredictable resorption rate. Therefore, a new method is required to achieve a stable, long-term, and natural result.

Objectives
The authors describe a new method to address the deficiency of static pretarsal fullness.

Methods
Sixteen Asian female patients with a deficiency of static pretarsal fullness who received implantation of a bundle of implants consisting of segmented Gore-Tex sutures (W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., Flagstaff, AZ) overlaid with a mastoid fascia graft were retrospectively evaluated in a 15-year period from July 2007 to July 2022. Patients were assigned to categories based on the pretarsal fullness contour.

Results
Sixteen female patients aged between 22 and 40 years (mean age: 30.375 ± 7.580) underwent the procedure. The mean follow-up period was 52.25 (±33.757) months (range, 6-120 months). Fourteen patients were considered to have satisfactory results. However, 2 patients encountered complications, one of which was a case of infection that was successfully managed through revision and led to an excellent outcome. The other patient experienced malposition, which was also corrected successfully through revision.

Conclusions
Our new method for creating pretarsal fullness using Gore-Tex suture implants overlaid with a retroauricular mastoid fascia graft is effective in achieving aesthetic static pretarsal fullness and obtaining excellent permanent cosmetic outcomes.

Level of Evidence: 4
MEvA-X: a hybrid multiobjective evolutionary tool using an XGBoost classifier for biomarkers discovery on biomedical datasets
Authors: Panagiotopoulos Konstantinos , Korfiati Aigli , Theofilatos Konstantinos , Hurwitz Peter , Deriu Marco Agostino , Mavroudi Seferina 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Biomarker discovery is one of the most frequent pursuits in bioinformatics and is crucial for precision medicine, disease prognosis, and drug discovery. A common challenge of biomarker discovery applications is the low ratio of samples over features for the selection of a reliable not-redundant subset of features, but despite the development of efficient tree-based classification methods, such as the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), this limitation is still relevant. Moreover, existing approaches for optimizing XGBoost do not deal effectively with the class imbalance nature of the biomarker discovery problems, and the presence of multiple conflicting objectives, since they focus on the training of a single-objective model. In the current work, we introduce MEvA-X, a novel hybrid ensemble for feature selection (FS) and classification, combining a niche-based multiobjective evolutionary algorithm (EA) with the XGBoost classifier. MEvA-X deploys a multiobjective EA to optimize the hyperparameters of the classifier and perform FS, identifying a set of Pareto-optimal solutions and optimizing multiple objectives, including classification and model simplicity metrics.

Results
The performance of the MEvA-X tool was benchmarked using one omics dataset coming from a microarray gene expression experiment, and one clinical questionnaire-based dataset combined with demographic information. MEvA-X tool outperformed the state-of-the-art methods in the balanced categorization of classes, creating multiple low-complexity models and identifying important nonredundant biomarkers. The best-performing run of MEvA-X for the prediction of weight loss using gene expression data yields a small set of blood circulatory markers which are sufficient for this precision nutrition application but need further validation.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/PanKonstantinos/MEvA-X.
Efficiently quantifying DNA methylation for bulk- and single-cell bisulfite data
Authors: Fischer Jonas , Schulz Marcel H 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Motivation
DNA CpG methylation (CpGm) has proven to be a crucial epigenetic factor in the mammalian gene regulatory system. Assessment of DNA CpG methylation values via whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) is, however, computationally extremely demanding.

Results
We present FAst MEthylation calling (FAME), the first approach to quantify CpGm values directly from bulk or single-cell WGBS reads without intermediate output files. FAME is very fast but as accurate as standard methods, which first produce BS alignment files before computing CpGm values. We present experiments on bulk and single-cell bisulfite datasets in which we show that data analysis can be significantly sped-up and help addressing the current WGBS analysis bottleneck for large-scale datasets without compromising accuracy.

Availability and implementation
An implementation of FAME is open source and licensed under GPL-3.0 at https://github.com/FischerJo/FAME.
Postbiotics as potential new therapeutic agents for sepsis
Authors: Lou Xiran , Xue Jinfang , Shao Ruifei , Mo Chunyan , Wang Fuping , Chen Guobing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSepsis is the main cause of death in critically ill patients and gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a crucial role in sepsis. On the one hand, sepsis leads to the destruction of gut microbiota and induces and aggravates terminal organ dysfunction. On the other hand, the activation of pathogenic gut flora and the reduction in beneficial microbial products increase the susceptibility of the host to sepsis. Although probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation preserve gut barrier function on multiple levels, their efficacy in sepsis with intestinal microbiota disruptions remains uncertain. Postbiotics consist of inactivated microbial cells or cell components. They possess antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. Microbiota-targeted therapy strategies, such as postbiotics, may reduce the incidence of sepsis and improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis by regulating gut microbial metabolites, improving intestinal barrier integrity and changing the composition of the gut microbiota. They offer a variety of mechanisms and might even be superior to more conventional ‘biotics’ such as probiotics and prebiotics. In this review, we present an overview of the concept of postbiotics and summarize what is currently known about postbiotics and their prospective utility in sepsis therapy. Overall, postbiotics show promise as a viable adjunctive therapy option for sepsis.
The role of music in promoting health and wellbeing: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Viola Erica , Martorana Marco , Airoldi Chiara , Meini Cristina , Ceriotti Daniele , De Vito Marta , De Ambrosi Damiano , Faggiano Fabrizio 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
The higher disease burden and related costs due to an increasing aging population have placed tremendous pressure on the healthcare systems worldwide. Given that music, both listened and actively performed, promotes and maintains good health and wellbeing among the population, we sought to perform a systematic review that would assess its biopsychosocial effects on a population over 40 years of age.

Methods
A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed articles up to April 2021 was conducted on six electronic databases (i.e. Cochrane, MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Scopus). Our study population only included healthy adults of 40 years and older. A total of 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) matched the inclusion criteria and were therefore analyzed.

Results
Despite the heterogeneity of the methodologies used in the selected studies, our findings suggest that active musical participation can lead to beneficial effects on both cognitive and psychosocial functioning, whereas the positive impact of listening to music seems to be predominantly restricted to the cognitive domain.

Conclusions
Although our results are consistent with both active and passive music activities favouring health and wellbeing in individuals 40 years old and over, future prospective RCTs, employing more uniformed and sensitive measurements, should allow us to better gauge the role of music participation in healthy aging and longevity, especially in countries with a high population density of elderly people.