bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Neuromorphic Hardware with Single Thin‐Film Transistor Synapses Over Single Thin‐Body Transistor Neurons by Monolithic Vertical Integration
Authors: Han Joon‐Kyu , Lee Jung‐Woo , Kim Yeeun , Kim Young Bin , Yun Seong‐Yun , Lee Sang‐Won , Yu Ji‐Man , Lee Keon Jae , Myung Hyun , Choi Yang‐Kyu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNeuromorphic hardware with a spiking neural network (SNN) can significantly enhance the energy efficiency for artificial intelligence (AI) functions owing to its event‐driven and spatiotemporally sparse operations. However, an artificial neuron and synapse based on complex complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) circuits limit the scalability and energy efficiency of neuromorphic hardware. In this work, a neuromorphic module is demonstrated composed of synapses over neurons realized by monolithic vertical integration. The synapse at top is a single thin‐film transistor (1TFT‐synapse) made of poly‐crystalline silicon film and the neuron at bottom is another single transistor (1T‐neuron) made of single‐crystalline silicon. Excimer laser annealing (ELA) is applied to activate dopants for the 1TFT‐synapse at the top and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) is applied to do so for the 1T‐neuron at the bottom. Internal electro‐thermal annealing (ETA) via the generation of Joule heat is also used to enhance the endurance of the 1TFT‐synapse without transferring heat to the 1T‐neuron at the bottom. As neuromorphic vision sensing, classification of American Sign Language (ASL) is conducted with the fabricated neuromorphic module. Its classification accuracy on ASL is ≈92.3% even after 204 800 update pulses.
Sufficiently Enriched Dual‐Ion Batteries with Ferrocenyl Substituted Nickel(II) Norcorrole Organic Electrodes
Authors: Zhang Shaoning , Hwang Jinkwang , Phung Quan Manh , Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Hagiwara Rika , Shin Ji‐Young 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFerrocenyl‐substituted nickel(II) norcorrole and nickel(II) porphyrin (Fc2NiNc and Fc2NiPor, respectively) are prepared as active electrode materials for dual‐ion batteries, which enables the systematically study of aromaticity and antiaromaticity for organic electrode materials. Intrinsically, Fc2NiNc and Fc2NiPor electrodes have excellent electrochemical behaviors with dual ion interaction with Li cations and bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide [FSA]– inorganic anions from the ionic liquid electrolyte, inducing high capacities (259 mAh g−1 for Fc2NiNc and 200 mAh g−1 for Fc2NiPor). The dominance of pseudocapacitive charge storage is exhibited by the Fc2NiNc and Fc2NiPor electrodes giving rise to rapid charge‐discharge processes. Computational calculation conclusively demonstrates the mechanism of multi‐electron redox reaction resulting in high discharge capacities and aromatic stabilization energy toward achieving a stable long‐term cyclability over 1000 cycles at high current density. Furthermore, Li4Ti5O12/IL/Fc2NiNc cells exhibit high power and energy densities (234 Wh kg−1 at 118 W kg−1) and accomplish outstanding cyclability over 10 000 cycles. This work provides a strategy for designing robust organic electrode materials for dual‐ion batteries.
Educator's blueprint: A how‐to guide on survey administration
Authors: Ogle Kathleen Y. , Hill Jeffery , Santen Sally A. , Gottlieb Michael , Artino Anthony R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we take the lessons learned from designing a survey and collecting validity evidence and prepare to administer the survey for research. We focus specifically on how researchers can reach individuals in the target population, methods of contact and engagement, evidence‐informed factors that enhance participation, and recommendations for follow‐up with nonrespondents. We also discuss the challenges of survey administration and provide guidance for navigating low response rates. Surveys are a common tool used to evaluate educational initiatives and collect data for all types of research. However, many clinician educators conducting survey‐based evaluation and research may struggle to efficiently administer their survey. As a result, they often struggle to obtain appropriate response rates and thus may have difficulty publishing their survey results. Previous papers in this series focused on the initial steps of survey development and validation, but it is equally important to understand how best to administer your survey to obtain meaningful responses from a representative sample.
Dynamic aggregation of carbon dots self‐stabilizes symmetry breaking for exceptional hydrogen production with near‐infrared light
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhang Ya , Shi Hu , Zhang Hongxia , Zhao Jianghong , Zheng Zhanfeng , Yang Hengquan , Yang Pengju 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDeveloping new photosystems that integrate broad‐band near‐infrared (NIR) light harvesting and efficient charge separation is a long‐sought goal in the photocatalytic community. In this work, we develop a novel photochemical strategy to prepare light‐active carbon dots (CDs) under room temperature and discover that the aggregation of CDs can broaden the light absorption to the NIR region due to the electronic couplings between neighboring CDs. Importantly, the dynamic non‐covalent interactions within CD aggregates can stabilize symmetry breaking and thus induce large dipole moments for charge separation and transfer. Furthermore, the weak non‐covalent interactions allow for flexible design of the aggregated degrees and the local electronic structures of CD aggregates, further strengthening NIR‐light harvesting and charge separation efficiency. As a result, the CD aggregates achieve a record apparent quantum yield of 13.5% at 800 nm, which is one of the best‐reported values for NIR‐light‐driven hydrogen photosynthesis to date. Moreover, we have prepared a series of different CDs and also observed that these CDs after aggregation all exhibit outstanding NIR‐responsive photocatalytic hydrogen production activity, suggesting the universality of aggregation‐enhanced photocatalysis. This discovery opens a new promising platform for using CD aggregates as efficient light absorbers for solar conversion.
Predictors of milk cortisol in North American women
Authors: Anyim Rachael , Li Shanita , Armstrong Daniel , Spathis Rita , James Gary D. , Little Michael A. , Wander Katherine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesHuman milk content varies across mother–child dyads, environments, and populations. Among the hormones in milk is cortisol, a glucocorticoid; its impact on the breastfeeding child is unknown. Milk cortisol may constitute a signal to the child's developing physiology which can shape characteristics (e.g., growth, temperament) to prevailing environmental conditions. This exploratory study evaluated the maternal, breastfeeding, and infant characteristics associated with milk cortisol.MethodsWe evaluated archived milk specimens for cortisol using enzyme immunoassay and employed an information‐theoretic approach to assess associations between milk cortisol and participant characteristics with linear regression modeling. Because we employed secondary data, information for some variables likely to impact milk cortisol variation (e.g., time of day, socioeconomic status, maternal or infant body mass index, milk energy density) was unavailable.ResultsParticipants were 48 lactating mothers from upstate New York, aged 21–40 years. Milk cortisol ranged from 0.098 to 1.007 μg/dL. Child age ranged from 1 to 26 months. In linear regression employing best fit modeling criteria, milk cortisol increased with child age (B: 0.069; p: .000; a 7.1% increase in milk cortisol for each month of child age), while child symptoms of illness (B: −0.398; p: .057; a 33% decrease) and consumption of complementary foods (B: −.525; p: .020; a 41% decrease) were associated with lower milk cortisol.ConclusionsWe speculate that increasing milk cortisol with child age plays a role in signaling development (e.g., as increasing independence increases risk for injury and other negative health outcomes), independent of the maternal stressors we could capture.
DFT Mechanistic Insights into the Ni(II)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Arylative Cyclization of Tethered Allene‐Ketones
Authors: Chao Chi Bong Eric , Pyne Stephen G. , Hyland Christopher J. T. , Lee Richmond 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) has provided a detailed mechanistic picture for the redox neutral nickel(II)‐catalyzed arylative cyclization reactions of a tethered allene‐ketone with arylboronic acids. A mechanistic rationale for the high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity achieved experimentally at high reaction temperature was uncovered through modeling the reaction with a chiral ligand and the predicted stereochemical outcome corroborates with experimental results. An unprecedented mechanism for the base‐free organoboron transmetalation was revealed and the regioselectivity of migratory insertion of tethered allene‐ketones as well as the stability of the possible allylnickel isomers (σ‐allyl vs π‐allyl) were clarified. The multifaceted nature of the reaction is revealed with certain elementary steps preferring cationic compared to the neutral state.
Cancer treatment delays among cancer patients living with HIV during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States
Authors: Khouri Ashley , Islam Jessica Y. , Van Bibber Nathan W. , Coghill Anna E. , Suneja Gita 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic led to care disruptions across the cancer continuum. It is unknown if immunosuppressed patients with cancer, who may be at higher risk for complications of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, are disproportionately impacted. Thus, we aimed to compare delays in cancer treatment initiation between people living with HIV (PLWH) and cancer, the general cancer population (GCP), and patients with cancer and a history of solid organ transplant (SOT). Comparisons were made across the period 2 years preceding the pandemic versus the first year of the pandemic.MethodsWe used data from a real‐world electronic health record‐derived de‐identified database (2018–2021) comprised of US patients with cancer from 800 sites of care across the country. We included patients with 19 different cancer types. We calculated time to cancer treatment initiation (TTI) as the difference between the date of cancer diagnosis and the earliest date that cancer treatment was recorded.ResultsThe sample included 181 PLWH, 65,073 GCP patients, and 195 patients with a SOT. Difference‐in‐difference regression models adjusted for age, sex, and presence of metastatic disease at cancer diagnosis revealed a significant increase in delayed TTI among PLWH compared to the GCP during COVID‐19 versus prior to COVID‐19, with delays increasing by approximately 1 month during the pandemic (DID: 32.6 days [8.9–56.3]; p = 0.007). The increase in TTI for PLWH was observed across treatment modalities, including surgery (DID: 55.1 [28.8–81.3], p < 0.001) and systemic therapy (DID: 30.4 [4.6–56.3], p = 0.021).Conclusions/RelevancePLWH experienced significant delays in cancer treatment initiation after diagnosis during the first year of COVID‐19, delays that may negatively impact cancer outcomes. These data warrant patient and provider attention as the pandemic continues to impact the US healthcare system.
Piper chaba, an Indian spice plant extract, inhibits cell cycle G1/S phase transition and induces intrinsic apoptotic pathway in luminal breast cancer cells
Authors: Prajapati Kumari Sunita , Kumar Shashank 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPiper chaba (Piperaceae) is a medicinal spice plant that possesses several pharmacological activities. In the present study, we for the first time studied the effect of P. chaba extract on breast cancer cells. P. chaba stem methanolic (PCSM) extract produced time and dose dependent cytotoxicity in luminal breast cancer cells (MCF‐7 and T47D) with a minimal toxicity in breast normal cells (MCF‐10A) at 10–100 µg/mL concentration. PCSM extract exerts 16.79 and 31.21 µg/mL IC50 for T47D and MCF‐7 cells, respectively, in 48 h treatment. PCSM significantly arrests the T47D cells at the G0/G1 phase by reducing the CCND1 and CDK4 expression at mRNA and protein levels. PCSM extract treatment significantly altered nuclear morphology, mitochondria membrane potential, and production of reactive oxygen species in T47D cells at IC50 concentration. Extract treatment significantly altered the Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio and altered caspase 8 and 3 mRNA/protein levels in T47D cells. Confocal microscopy showed an increase in late apoptosis in PCSM extract‐treated breast cancer cells at IC50. Further, an increased caspase 9 and caspase 3/7 enzymatic activity was observed in test cells compared with nontreated cells. In conclusion, P. chaba phytocompound possesses the potential to induce cell cycle arrest and induce apoptosis in luminal breast cancer cells.
Primary intrapulmonary thymoma a case report
Authors: Wasim Jamal Sheikh Muhammad , Hussein Mousa , Albakri Mutaz , Rasheed Ibrahim , Hameed Mansoor , Ul Haq Irfan , Thomas Merlin , Al Bozom Issam , Abdul Sattar Hisham 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPrimary intrapulmonary thymoma (PIT), defined as the presence of thymoma tissue in the lung without an accompanying mediastinal component, is uncommon and so offers a diagnostic quandary. We describe the case of PIT in an 81‐year‐old man.
Duplication errors due to brand name confusion; It is not always the name—Short case series
Authors: Mamunuwa N. , Jayamanne S. , Wijekoon N. , Coombes J. , Perera D. , Shanika T. , Mohamed F. , Lynch C. , De Silva A. , Dawson A. 
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical MessageConfusion of drug names has been identified as a leading cause of medication errors and potential iatrogenic harm. Most of these errors occur because of look‐alike or sound‐alike drugs. This case series gives examples of duplication errors due to brand confusion, where there are no similarities in the names.
Cysteine‐Cysteine Cross‐Conjugation of both Peptides and Proteins with a Bifunctional Hypervalent Iodine‐Electrophilic Reagent
Authors: Koutsopetras Ilias , Mishra Abhaya Kumar , Benazza Rania , Hernandez‐Alba Oscar , Cianférani Sarah , Chaubet Guilhem , Nicolai Stefano , Waser Jérôme 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPeptide and protein bioconjugation sees ever‐growing applications in the pharmaceutical sector. Novel strategies and reagents that can address the chemo‐ and regioselectivity issues inherent to these biomolecules, while delivering stable and functionalizable conjugates, are therefore needed. Herein, we introduce the crosslinking ethynylbenziodazolone (EBZ) reagent JW‐AM‐005 for the conjugation of peptides and proteins through the selective linkage of cysteine residues. This easily accessed compound gives access to peptide dimers or stapled peptides under mild and tuneable conditions. Applied to the antibody fragment of antigen binding (Fab) species, JW‐AM‐005 delivered rebridged proteins in a one‐pot three‐reaction process with high regioselectivity, outperforming the standard reagents commonly used for this transformation.
Identification of in situ Generated Iron‐Vacancy Induced Oxygen Evolution Reaction Kinetics on Cobalt Iron Oxyhydroxide†
Authors: Yao Na , Zhu Juan , Jia Hongnan , Cong Hengjiang , Luo Wei 
Published: September 2023

Comprehensive SummaryDeveloping highly efficient and low‐cost electrocatalysts towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is essential for practical application in water electrolyzers and rechargeable metal‐air batteries. Although Fe‐based oxyhydroxides are regarded as state‐of‐the‐art non‐noble OER electrocatalysts, the origin of performance enhancement derived from Fe doping remains a hot topic of considerable discussion. Herein, we demonstrate that in situ generated Fe vacancies in the pristine CoFeOOH catalyst through a pre‐conversion process during alkaline OER result from dynamic Fe dissolution, identifying the origin of Fe‐vacancy‐induced enhanced OER kinetics. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental results including X‐ray absorption fine‐structure spectroscopy, in situ UV‐Vis spectroscopy, and in situ Raman spectroscopy reveal that the Fe vacancies could significantly promote the d‐band center and valence states of adjacent Co sites, alter the active site from Fe atom to Co atom, accelerate the formation of high‐valent active Co4+ species, and reduce the energy barrier of the potential‐determining step, thereby contribute to the significantly enhanced OER performance.
Logarithmic cotangent bundles, Chern‐Mather classes, and the Huh‐Sturmfels involution conjecture
Authors: Maxim Laurenţiu G. , Rodriguez Jose Israel , Wang Botong , Wu Lei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUsing compactifications in the logarithmic cotangent bundle, we obtain a formula for the Chern classes of the pushforward of Lagrangian cycles under an open embedding with normal crossing complement. This generalizes earlier results of Aluffi and Wu‐Zhou. The first application of our formula is a geometric description of Chern‐Mather classes of an arbitrary very affine variety, generalizing earlier results of Huh which held under the smooth and schön assumptions. As the second application, we prove an involution formula relating sectional maximum likelihood (ML) degrees and ML bidegrees, which was conjectured by Huh and Sturmfels in 2013.
Artificial intelligence revolutionizing drug development: Exploring opportunities and challenges
Authors: Tiwari Prafulla C. , Pal Rishi , Chaudhary Manju J. , Nath Rajendra 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBy harnessing artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and machine learning techniques, the entire drug discovery process stands to undergo a profound transformation, offering a myriad of advantages. Foremost among these is the ability of AI to conduct swift and efficient screenings of expansive compound libraries, significantly augmenting the identification of potential drug candidates. Moreover, AI algorithms can prove instrumental in predicting the efficacy and safety profiles of candidate compounds, thus endowing invaluable insights and reducing reliance on extensive preclinical and clinical testing. This predictive capacity of AI has the potential to streamline the drug development pipeline and enhance the success rate of clinical trials, ultimately resulting in the emergence of more efficacious and safer therapeutic agents. However, the deployment of AI in drug discovery introduces certain challenges that warrant attention. A primary hurdle entails the imperative acquisition of high‐quality and diverse data. Furthermore, ensuring the interpretability of AI models assumes critical importance in securing regulatory endorsement and cultivating trust within scientific and medical communities. Addressing ethical considerations, including data privacy and mitigating bias, represents an additional momentous challenge, requiring assiduous navigation. In this review, we provide an intricate and comprehensive overview of the multifaceted challenges intrinsic to conventional drug development paradigms, while simultaneously interrogating the efficacy of AI in effectively surmounting these formidable obstacles.
Network and parasitological analyses reveal latitudinal gradient in bats‐ectoparasitic fly interactions across the Neotropic
Authors: Biz Luana S. , Bastazini Vinicius A. G. , Carvalho Fernando , Ramos Pereira Maria João 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEcological interactions between parasites and their hosts play a fundamental role in evolutionary processes. Selection pressures are exerted on parasites and their hosts, usually resulting in high levels of specificity. Such is the case of ectoparasitic bat‐flies, but how large‐scale spatial gradients affect the dynamics of their interactions with their bat hosts is still unknown. In the present study, we investigated interaction patterns between bats and their ectoparasitic flies (Streblidae and Nycteribiidae), both presenting their peak of diversity in the Neotropical region, along a latitudinal gradient. Using network analyses and parasitic indices, grounded on the latitudinal diversity gradient pattern, we evaluated how spatial gradients affect species interactions and parasitic indices at the biogeopraphic scale, with increasing species richness in interaction networks closer to the tropics, leading to increases in network modularity, size, and specialization, and to a decrease in nesting and connectivity. We conducted a literature review, focusing on studies done in the Neotropical region, and own data. We obtained a bat richness of 97 species parasitized by 128 species of ectoparasitic flies, distributed into 57 interaction networks between latitudes 29° S and 19° N in the Neotropic. Network metrics and parasitic indices varied along the latitudinal gradient, with changes in the richness of bats and their ectoparasitic flies and in the structure of their interactions; network specialization, modularity, and connectance increase with latitude, while network size decreases with latitude. Regions closer to the equator had higher parasite loads. Our results show that interaction network metrics present a latitudinal gradient and that such interactions, when observed at a local scale, hide variations that only become perceptible at larger scales. In this way, ectoparasites such as bat flies are not only influenced by the ecology and biology of their hosts, but also by other environmental factors acting directly on their distribution and survival.
Practical algorithms for early diagnosis of heart failure and heart stress using NT‐proBNP: A clinical consensus statement from the Heart Failure Association of the ESC
Authors: Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Docherty Kieran F. , Petrie Mark C. , Januzzi James L. , Mueller Christian , Anderson Lisa , Bozkurt Biykem , Butler Javed , Chioncel Ovidiu , Cleland John G.F. , Christodorescu Ruxandra , Del Prato Stefano , Gustafsson Finn , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Moura Brenda , Pop‐Busui Rodica , Seferovic Petar , Volterrani Maurizio , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Metra Marco , Rosano Giuseppe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDiagnosing heart failure is often difficult due to the non‐specific nature of symptoms, which can be caused by a range of medical conditions. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) have been recognized as important biomarkers for diagnosing heart failure. This document from the Heart Failure Association examines the practical uses of N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) in various clinical scenarios. The concentrations of NT‐proBNP vary according to the patient profile and the clinical scenario, therefore values should be interpreted with caution to ensure appropriate diagnosis. Validated cut‐points are provided to rule in or rule out acute heart failure in the emergency department and to diagnose de novo heart failure in the outpatient setting. We also coin the concept of ‘heart stress’ when NT‐proBNP levels are elevated in an asymptomatic patient with risk factors for heart failure (i.e. diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease), underlying the development of cardiac dysfunction and further increased risk. We propose a simple acronym for healthcare professionals and patients, FIND‐HF, which serves as a prompt to consider heart failure: Fatigue, Increased water accumulation, Natriuretic peptide testing, and Dyspnoea. Use of this acronym would enable the early diagnosis of heart failure. Overall, understanding and utilizing NT‐proBNP levels will lead to earlier and more accurate diagnoses of heart failure ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs.