bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Difficulty-Informed Approach to Developing Language Assessment Literacy for Classroom Purposes
Authors: Berger Armin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
For pre-service teacher education, it would be helpful to know how difficult certain aspects of language testing and assessment are for students. Such information could serve different pedagogical purposes including program design and lesson sequencing. This paper, situated in the context of pre-service teacher education at the University of Vienna, Austria, presents an approach to developing language assessment literacy (LAL) which takes account of the difficulty of language assessment. To obtain empirical difficulty estimates, the items of a LAL test for pre-service teachers of English were converted into statements of ability, knowledge, and understanding and then calibrated by means of multi-facet Rasch analysis based on performance data from 420 students. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify clusters among the calibrations, thus characterizing the difficulty continuum. The findings show a clear progression which can offer a basis for the design of teacher education programs. I first report on the process of generating the difficulty estimates. Then I describe the resulting difficulty continuum with particular emphasis on classroom-based assessment. Finally, I suggest design principles for difficulty-informed assessment courses, illustrating how they could be implemented in the teacher education program at the University of Vienna.
Understanding and Implementing Learning-Oriented Assessment: Evidence From Three Chinese Junior High School EFL Teachers
Authors: Yang Ruijin , May Lyn 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAssessment has had an enduring influence on teaching and learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL). The conceptualization and enactment of formative assessment as an integral foundation of learning-oriented assessment (LOA) has become the focus of recent studies, reflecting the mandated role of formative assessment in educational policies such as the national curriculum in China. However, it remains largely unexplored how junior high school EFL teachers in China understand and interpret formative assessment in response to policy imperatives and the enactment of learning-oriented assessment practices in classes that often focus on test preparation. To address the gap, this article reports a case study of three junior high school EFL teachers in a southwest city in China in order to explore their assessment beliefs and learning-oriented classroom assessment practices. The data collected included 15 audio-recorded classroom observations and three semi-structured audio-recorded interviews. The three teachers interpreted the concept of LOA in different ways and their classroom practices reflected these understandings. Despite working in a heavily exam-oriented context, the teachers were observed to provide contingent oral feedback to their learners, help learners develop their understanding through learner-centered tasks and interactions where learners were positioned as resources for each other through grouping and peer-assessment opportunities, and encourage learner autonomy. These findings point to ways in which LOA can be realized within exam-oriented English language learning contexts.
Let my speakers talk: metalinguistic activity can indicate semantic change
Authors: Becker Israela 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the absence of a diachronic corpus or a synchronic corpus tagged for speakers’ age, substantiating the presence of semantic change and the stage of change ― initial or advanced ― are challenging tasks. In the present study I introduce three methods for overcoming such difficulties by extracting various kinds of evidence from a synchronic corpus not tagged for speakers’ age. All three methods are based on speakers’ metalinguistic activity. Two of them are of a psycholinguistic nature and the third is of a sociolinguistic nature. Not only do these methods provide data hitherto overlooked by researchers for detecting semantic change, but they can also minimize the researchers’ need for interpretative interventions with regard to speakers’ communicative intentions, thus improving the quality of the analysis.
5-Regular prime graphs of finite nonsolvable groups
Authors: Guo Qinghong , Liu Weijun , Lu Lu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The prime graph

Δ
⁢

(
G
)

\Delta(G)

of a finite group 𝐺 is a graph whose vertex set is the set of prime factors of the degrees of all irreducible complex characters of 𝐺, and two distinct primes 𝑝 and 𝑞 are joined by an edge if the product

p
⁢
q

pq

divides some character degree of 𝐺.
In 2014, Tong-Viet [H. P. Tong-Viet, Finite groups whose prime graphs are regular, J. Algebra
397 (2014), 18–31] proposed the following conjecture.
Let 𝐺 be a group and let

k
≥
5

k\geq 5

be odd.
If the prime graph

Δ
⁢

(
G
)

\Delta(G)

is 𝑘-regular, then

Δ
⁢

(
G
)

\Delta(G)

is a complete graph of order

k
+
1

k+1

.
In this paper, we show that if the prime graph

Δ
⁢

(
G
)

\Delta(G)

of a finite nonsolvable group 𝐺 is 5-regular, then

Δ
⁢

(
G
)

\Delta(G)

is isomorphic to the complete graph

K
6

K_{6}

or possibly the graph depicted in the first figure below.
Moreover, if 𝐺 is an almost simple group, then

Δ
⁢

(
G
)

\Delta(G)

is isomorphic to the complete graph

K
6

K_{6}

.
A novel fiberglass-reinforced polyurethane elastomer as the core sandwich material of the ship–plate system
Authors: Ismail Abdi , Zubaydi Achmad , Piscesa Bambang , Tuswan Tuswan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A novel low-cost polyurethane (PU) elastomeric material reinforced with mat-form fiberglass for alternative ship material was developed. The hand lay-up technique was used to prepare samples with glass fiber contents of 0, 7, 9, 11, and 15% by weight. Several tests, including density, tensile, and hardness tests, have been conducted to investigate the effect of fiber content on the material properties of the developed materials. The test results found that only composites with 0% (PU) and 7% (PFg-7) fiberglass had met all Lloyd’s Register criteria. PFg-7 has a density of 1,098 kg/m3, a hardness of 66.15 shore-D, a tensile strength of 21.32 MPa, and an elongation at break of 47.06%, a higher hardness, elastic modulus, and yield strength than PU. PFg-15 achieved the highest density, hardness, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and yield strength, which were 1,228 kg/m3, 68.85 shore-D, 32.13, 2,176, and 30.89 MPa, respectively. The elastic modulus and yield strength of PFg-15 were 5.6 times and 3 times higher than those of PU but PFg-15 did not meet the elongation at break criteria. PFg-9, PFg-11, and PFg-15 showed brittle properties, as indicated by relatively high hardness, elastic modulus, and yield strength compared to the results from various references.
Homeless Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Revisiting Salamon’s Voluntary Failure Theory
Authors: Jang HeeSoun , Valero Jesus N. , Ford Sara 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper examines government and nonprofit relations in the context of federal homeless policy with specific attention to Continuum of Care (CoC) homeless networks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Applying Salamon’s voluntary failure theory, we conduct a qualitative study answering the following question: How, during the COVID-19 pandemic, did government address the voluntary failures of the nonprofit sector? Results expand Salamon’s work by offering a more robust picture of what happens after federal funds are allocated to support the failures of the nonprofit sector. Government funds both help and generate their own limitations, which are further alleviated by nonprofit solutions.
Does Geopolitical Risk Influence China’s Defence Sector Returns?
Authors: Wang Yu , Liu Yun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study utilizes a rolling window Granger test to investigate how global geopolitical tension affects returns in China’s defence sector. The results reveal a highly dynamic and nonlinear relationship between geopolitical risk and the industry’s stock market performance. Notably, our findings suggest that geopolitical risk has recently become a significant predictor of the market return of the defence sector. These results contribute to the existing literature on the impact of geopolitical uncertainties on China’s financial markets and offer new insights into the relationship between international security and the stock market performance of defence contractors. We discuss the implications of this research at the end.
Thyroid hormone levels paradox in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Xie Chunhui , Jiang Yi , Shen Xiaozhu , Liu Mengqian , Xu Yiwen , Zhong Wen , Ge Zhonglin , Qian Mingyue , Dong Nan , Gong Chen , Zhang Guanghui 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
Accumulating evidence has suggested that thyroid hormone levels affect the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), but the results have been inconsistent.

Methods
Basic data, neural scale scores, thyroid hormone levels, and other laboratory examination data of AIS patients were collected. The patients were divided into excellent and poor prognosis group at discharge and 90 days after discharge. Logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the relationship between thyroid hormone levels and prognosis. A subgroup analysis was performed based on stroke severity.

Results
A number of 441 AIS patients were included in this study. Those in the poor prognosis group were older, with higher blood sugar levels, higher free thyroxine (FT4) levels, and severe stroke (all p < 0.05) at baseline. Free thyroxine (FT4) showed a predictive value (all p < 0.05) for prognosis in the model adjusted for age, gender, systolic pressure, and glucose level. However, after adjustment for types and severity of stroke, FT4 showed insignificant associations. In the severe subgroup at discharge, the change in FT4 was statistically significant (p = 0.015), odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.394 (1.068–1.820) but not in the other subgroups.

Conclusions
High-normal FT4 serum levels in patients with severe stroke receiving conservative medical treatment at admission may indicate a worse short-term prognosis.
Excitatory and Inhibitory Descending Commissural Interneurons Differentially Integrate Supraspinal and Segmental Sensory Signals
Authors: Giorgi Andrea , Cer Abishag Tluang , Mohan Shruthi , Perreault Marie-Claude 
Published: June 2023

The limited information about how descending inputs from the brain and sensory inputs from the periphery use spinal cord interneurons (INs) is a major barrier to understanding how these inputs may contribute to motor functions under normal and pathologic conditions. Commissural interneurons (CINs) are a heterogeneous population of spinal INs that has been implicated in crossed motor responses and bilateral motor coordination (ability to use the right and left side of the body in a coordinated manner) and, therefore, are likely involved in many types of movement (e.g., dynamic posture stabilization, jumping, kicking, walking). In this study, we incorporate mouse genetics, anatomy, electrophysiology, and single-cell calcium imaging to investigate how a subset of CINs, those with descending axons called dCINs, are recruited by descending reticulospinal and segmental sensory signals independently and in combination. We focus on two groups of dCINs set apart by their principal neurotransmitter (glutamate and GABA) and identified as VGluT2+ dCINs and GAD2+ dCINs. We show that VGluT2+ and GAD2+ dCINs are both extensively recruited by reticulospinal and sensory input alone but that VGluT2+ and GAD2+ dCINs integrate these inputs differently. Critically, we find that when recruitment depends on the combined action of reticulospinal and sensory inputs (subthreshold inputs), VGluT2+ dCINs, but not GAD2+ dCINs, are recruited. This difference in the integrative capacity of VGluT2+ and GAD2+ dCINs represents a circuit mechanism that the reticulospinal and segmental sensory systems may avail themselves of to regulate motor behaviors both normally and after injury.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe way supraspinal and peripheral sensory inputs use spinal cord interneurons is fundamental to defining how motor functions are supported both in health and disease. This study, which focuses on dCINs, a heterogeneous population of spinal interneurons critical for crossed motor responses and bilateral motor coordination, shows that both glutamatergic (excitatory) and GABAergic (inhibitory) dCINs can be recruited by supraspinal (reticulospinal) or peripheral sensory inputs. Additionally, the study demonstrates that in conditions where the recruitment of dCINs depends on the combined action of reticulospinal and sensory inputs, only excitatory dCINs are recruited. The study uncovers a circuit mechanism that the reticulospinal and segmental sensory systems may avail themselves of to regulate motor behaviors both normally and after injury.
Instant Effects of Semantic Information on Visual Perception
Authors: Enge Alexander , Süß Franziska , Abdel Rahman Rasha 
Published: June 2023

Does our perception of an object change once we discover what function it serves? We showed human participants (n= 48, 31 females and 17 males) pictures of unfamiliar objects either together with keywords matching their function, leading to semantically informed perception, or together with nonmatching keywords, resulting in uninformed perception. We measured event-related potentials to investigate at which stages in the visual processing hierarchy these two types of object perception differed from one another. We found that semantically informed compared with uninformed perception was associated with larger amplitudes in the N170 component (150-200 ms), reduced amplitudes in the N400 component (400-700 ms), and a late decrease in alpha/beta band power. When the same objects were presented once more without any information, the N400 and event-related power effects persisted, and we also observed enlarged amplitudes in the P1 component (100-150 ms) in response to objects for which semantically informed perception had taken place. Consistent with previous work, this suggests that obtaining semantic information about previously unfamiliar objects alters aspects of their lower-level visual perception (P1 component), higher-level visual perception (N170 component), and semantic processing (N400 component, event-related power). Our study is the first to show that such effects occur instantly after semantic information has been provided for the first time, without requiring extensive learning.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThere has been a long-standing debate about whether or not higher-level cognitive capacities, such as semantic knowledge, can influence lower-level perceptual processing in a top-down fashion. Here we could show, for the first time, that information about the function of previously unfamiliar objects immediately influences cortical processing within less than 200 ms. Of note, this influence does not require training or experience with the objects and related semantic information. Therefore, our study is the first to show effects of cognition on perception while ruling out the possibility that prior knowledge merely acts by preactivating or altering stored visual representations. Instead, this knowledge seems to alter perception online, thus providing a compelling case against the impenetrability of perception by cognition.
Human mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier SLC25A4 operates with a ping‐pong kinetic mechanism
Authors: Cimadamore‐Werthein Camila , Jaiquel Baron Stephany , King Martin S , Springett Roger , Kunji Edmund RS 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier (SLC25A4), also called the adenine nucleotide translocase, imports ADP into the mitochondrial matrix and exports ATP, which are key steps in oxidative phosphorylation. Historically, the carrier was thought to form a homodimer and to operate by a sequential kinetic mechanism, which involves the formation of a ternary complex with the two exchanged substrates bound simultaneously. However, recent structural and functional data have demonstrated that the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier works as a monomer and has a single substrate binding site, which cannot be reconciled with a sequential kinetic mechanism. Here, we study the kinetic properties of the human mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier by using proteoliposomes and transport robotics. We show that the Km/Vmax ratio is constant for all of the measured internal concentrations. Thus, in contrast to earlier claims, we conclude that the carrier operates with a ping‐pong kinetic mechanism in which substrate exchange across the membrane occurs consecutively rather than simultaneously. These data unite the kinetic and structural models, showing that the carrier operates with an alternating access mechanism.
Quality Improvement: A Template-Based Approach to HEADSS Assessments for Hospitalized Adolescents
Authors: Wiley Evan , Kulkarni Deepa , Dong Huan , Hwang Loris Y. 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND
Hospitalizations are opportunities to screen adolescents for risk behaviors, but screening occurs infrequently. At our institution, adolescent inpatients on pediatric services have an array of medical acuity and complexity, and only 11% had complete home; education; activities; drug, alcohol, and tobacco use; sexual history; and self-harm, suicidality, and mood (HEADSS) histories. The aim of this quality improvement project was to increase the HEADSS completion rate to 31% within 8 months of the initial Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle.

METHODS
A working group identified key drivers of incomplete HEADSS histories. Interventions focused on creating and modifying note templates to encourage providers to obtain and document HEADSS histories, sharing data with providers, and educating providers. The primary outcome measure was the percent of patients with a complete HEADSS history. Process measures included use of a confidential note, documentation of a sexual history, and number of domains documented. The balancing measure was patients with no social history documented.

RESULTS
A total of 539 admissions were included, 212 in the baseline period and 327 in the intervention period. The percent of patients with a complete HEADSS history increased from 11% to 39%. Use of a confidential note increased from 14% to 38%, documentation of a sexual history increased from 18% to 44%, and average number of domains documented increased from 2.2 to 3.3. The number of patients with no social history documented was unchanged.

CONCLUSIONS
A quality improvement initiative using note templates can significantly increase the rate of complete HEADSS history documentation in the inpatient setting.
KONTRIBUSI MOTIVASI KERJA DAN IKLIM SEKOLAH TERHADAP KINERJA MANAJERIAL KEPALA SEKOLAH
Authors: Sujani Dede Irfan 
Published: June 2023

Abstrak Kepala sekolah merupakan seorang manajer yang menjadi sumber daya manusia penting dalam menentukan mutu pendidikan. Kinerja manajerial kepala sekolah yang baik merupakan salah satu indikator pendidikan yang bermutu. Kinerja manajerial kepala sekolah perlu ditopang oleh motivasi kerja kepala sekolah dan iklim sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh deskripsi empirik kontribusi motivasi kerja kepala sekolah dan iklim sekolah baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan terhadap kinerja manajerial kepala sekolah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey deskripsi analisis dengan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui regresi korelasi sederhana dan berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa motivasi kerja kepala sekolah berkontribusi cukup kuat terhadap kinerja manajerial kepala sekolah; iklim sekolah berkontribusi cukup kuat terhadap kinerja manajerial kepala sekolah; motivasi kerja kepala sekolah dan iklim sekolah secara simultan berkontribusi kuat terhadap kinerja manajerial kepala sekolah.Abstrack The school principal is a manager of human resources that become important in determining the quality of education. Principals managerial performance is one indicator of good quality education. Managerial performance principals need to be supported by the principal motivation to work and school climate. This study aims to obtain empirical contribution of motivation job description principals and school climate either partially or simultaneously to the principal managerial performance. The method used in this study is a description of the survey method of analysis with a quantitative approach through simple correlation and multiple regression. The results showed that the principal motivation of the work is strong enough to contribute to the performance of managerial principals; school climate is strong enough to contribute to the performance of managerial principals; work motivation principals and school climate simultaneously contributing strongly to the principal managerial performance.
PENGARUH SUPERVISI KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI GURU TERHADAP KINERJA MENGAJAR GURU
Authors: Rismawan Edi 
Published: June 2023

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui (1) gambaran Supervisi Kepala Sekolah (2) gambaran Motivasi Berprestasi Guru; (3) gambaran Kinerja Mengajar Guru;(4) pengaruh Supervisi Kepala Sekolah terhadap Motivasi Berprestasi Guru, (5) pengaruh Motivasi Berprestasi Guru terhadap Kinerja Mengajar Guru, (6) pengaruh Supervisi Kepala Sekolah terhadap Kinerja Mengajar Guru, (7) Pengaruh Supervisi Kepala Sekolah dan Motivasi Berprestasi Guru terhadap Kinerja Mengajar Guru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Supervisi Kepala Sekolah berada pada kategori baik, (2) Motivasi Berprestasi Guru berada pada kategori baik, (3) Kinerja Mengajar Guru berada pada kategori baik,(4) Supervisi Kepala Sekolah (X) berpengaruh positif terhadap Motivasi Berprestasi Guru (Y1), (5) Motivasi Berprestasi Guru (Y1) berpengaruh positif terhadap Kinerja Mengajar Guru (Y2), (6) Supervisi Kepala Sekolah (X) berpengaruh positif terhadap Kinerja Mengajar Guru (Y2), (7) Supervisi Kepala Sekolah (X) dan Motivasi Berprestasi Guru (Y1) secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif terhadap Kinerja Mengajar Guru (Y2). Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine (1) description of the Principal Supervision (2) description of the Achievement Motivation of Teachers; (3) description of Teachers' Teaching Performance, (4) the effect of the Principal Supervision of the Teacher Achievement Motivation, (5) the effect of Achievement Motivation on the Performance of Teachers Teaching Teachers, (6) the effect of the Principal Supervision of the Teacher's Teaching Performance, (7) effect of Supervising Principal and Achievement Motivation of Teachers to Teaching Performance of Teachers. The results showed that (1) Supervising Principal are in the good category, (2) Achievement Motivation of Teachers are in the good category, (3) Teaching Performance of Teachers are in the good category, (4) Supervising Principal (X) positive effect on Achievement Motivation Teacher (Y1), (5) Teacher Achievement Motivation (Y1) positive effect on the Performance of Teaching Teachers (Y2), (6) Supervising Principal (X) positive effect on the Performance of Teaching Teachers (Y2), (7) Supervising Principal (X) and Achievement Motivation Teacher (Y1) is jointly positive effect on the Performance of Teaching Teachers (Y2).