bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical model for junctionless accumulation‐mode cylindrical surrounding gate (JAM‐CSG) MOSFET as a biosensor
Authors: Gupta Sumedha , Pandey Neeta , Gupta R. S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article proposes analytical modeling for Junctionless Accumulation‐Mode Cylindrical Surrounding Gate (JAM‐ CSG) MOSFET‐based biosensor used for label free electrical detection of the biomolecules (enzymes, cells, DNA, etc.). Modeling has been performed using the Poisson's equation and considering parabolic potential profile. A nanogap cavity is being created for providing a binding site for the biomolecules. Influence of both the neutral and charged biomolecules immobilized in the nanogap cavity has been studied. The change in the threshold voltage is being utilized as a measure for detecting the existence of the biomolecules inside the cavity region. The sensitivity parameter has also been found considering different cavity heights. ATLAS device simulator has been utilized for conducting the simulations. Furthermore, the analytical model outcomes are validated with the simulated ones. Results acquired verify the considered device to be able to work as a highly sensitive biosensor.
Physiochemical insight into the solution behavior of cationic gemini surfactant in water and ethanol–water systems
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Patel Panchami , Ray Debes , Thareja Prachi , Kuperkar Ketan , Aswal Vinod Kumar , Bahadur Pratap 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSurfactants in water and both alcohol‐water mixed solutions are used extensively in a host of industrial applications. This work presents the solution behavior and micellar transition of a cationic gemini surfactant (GS): N,N′‐dihexadecyl‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethyl‐N,N′‐ethanediyl‐diammonium dibromide (16‐2‐16) in water and mixed water‐ethanol media. Phase behavior for 16‐2‐16 in the ethanol–water system was investigated at ambient temperature. The rheological data obtained for these systems at varying alcohol concentrations showed that the system viscosity (η) decreased with as the ethanol concentration increased. Small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) was used to probe the structural details of the cationic micelles as a function of ethanol concentration and temperature. The scattering data inferred a structural transition from unilamellar vesicles (ULV) through rod‐like micelles to ellipsoidal micelles occurs that is dependent on the solvent composition and temperature indicating the behavior of ethanol molecules as a cosolvent in the process of micelle breaking. The plausible physicochemical interactions in the 16‐2‐16‐ethanol mixed system were further investigated using a computational simulation study employing density functional theory (DFT)/B3LYP (Gauss View 5.0.9) utilizing a 3‐21G basis set.
Optimal allocation of agricultural water resources in Yanghe watershed considering blue water to green water ratio
Authors: Weng Chuansong , Zeng Yiheng , Liu Defu , Zhang Jialei , He Li 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDYanghe Watershed has low annual rainfall, uneven spatial and temporal distribution, extreme shortage of water resources in some areas. The contradiction between supply and demand of water for agricultural production is prominent and the expected production value cannot be achieved. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the supply and demand of agricultural water resources and the impact of green water on agricultural crops in Yanghe Watershed.RESULTSThis article proposes a new crop economic model for increasing the green‐water footprint to blue‐water footprint ratio (GWF:BWF) in accordance with the regional characteristics, alleviating agricultural water shortage in irrigation areas, optimizing water resource allocation, and achieving sustainable agricultural development. The proposition is based on a study of five crops in eight districts and counties in the Yanghe River watershed. By combining the economic model F with a crop water production function, we achieved 89.3%, 88.9%, 97.1%, 81.5%, and 87.0% of the optimal water demands of the five crops, respectively, and effectively improved the underground irrigation of crops and the water resource utilization efficiency.CONCLUSIONThe GWF:BWF threshold interval was subsequently selected based on the temporal changes in the BWF and GWF in the study area. This enabled significant reduction of the planting area of blue‐water crops and increase in the proportion of green‐water crops, while also improving the agricultural economy of the Yanghe Watershed. The proposed model promises to afford enhanced management of agricultural irrigation areas that experience rainfall shortage. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
A two‐step spatially explicit optimization approach of integrating ecosystem services (ES) into land use planning (LUP) to generate the optimally sustainable schemes
Authors: Li Xin , Xu Haibin , Ma Xiaodong , Huang Ying 
Published: February 2023

AbstractXuzhou, as an industrial centre and typical resource‐based city in China, is facing serious pressure on development transformation. The embedding of ecosystem services (ES) into land use planning (LUP) is of great significance to realize the coupling of ecology and society. This paper proposed a two‐step spatially explicit optimization approach of integrating ES into LUP, with consideration of macro‐requirements, spatial heterogeneity, and the spatially explicit basis. The first step was to construct a linear optimization model to obtain the land quantity structure corresponding to the maximized ES value. The second step was to spatially allocate land use structure to maximize the suitability of spatial units providing ES. The results showed that the land use structure corresponding to the maximization ES value of Xuzhou was obtained to satisfy the welfare of habitant and to create the ecological competitiveness. The optimal spatial layout of Xuzhou with maximum spatial suitability of providing ES was acquired through spatial optimization of this approach. ES was matched to the units with the high spatial suitability, and the spatial potential of ES was released. The conflicts among supporting services, provisioning services, regulating services, and cultural services were well managed with the equipment of multi‐objective trade‐off technology. The proposed ES embedding approach has good performance in the optimal allocation of land resources for ES maximization and in managing trade‐offs during multi‐objectives programming. Therefore, it is expected to be widely used for ES‐oriented LUP formulation.
Creation and Control of Vortex‐Beam Arrays in Atomic Vapor
Authors: Yuan Jinpeng , Zhang Hengfei , Wu Chaohua , Chen Gang , Wang Lirong , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOptical vortices, which are beams with spiral‐shaped wavefronts and screw phase dislocations, have potential for supporting high‐capacity optical communications. In this study, the generation of 1D and 2D vortex‐beam arrays is theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated by introducing novel forked‐photonic lattices in a three‐level 85Rb atomic medium. Such forked‐photonic lattices are established through the interference of Gaussian and vortex coupling beams. The input Gaussian probe beam that travels through this lattice experiences phase superposition and is diffracted into vortex‐beam arrays. Moreover, the relative efficiency of the high‐order diffractions can be enhanced by tuning the two‐photon detuning and power of the coupling beams. The enriched diffractive arrays of a vortex probe beam propagating in such forked‐photonic lattices are also presented. The experimental results agree well with those of the numerical simulations. This work suggests that atomic systems are a fertile platform for creating and controlling vortex‐beam arrays, and that they can shed light on ongoing exploration in the fields of optical manipulation and quantum information processing.
"We keep adding new problems" – an Interview with John Hartwig
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractJohn Hartwig is co‐discoverer of the Buchwald‐Hartwig amination – a widely used palladium‐catalyzed coupling reaction for the formation of C‐N bonds. For his research, he received the Emanuel Merck Lectureship last year. A discussion about creativity, useful reactions and pricey metals.
Gründer: Medikamente aus Naturstoffen
Authors: Rittner Alexander 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEin Start‐up aus Potsdam‐Golm will auf Basis von Naturstoffen neue Moleküle für die Medikamentenentwicklung erschaffen – und Entwicklungszyklen verkürzen. Dazu nutzt es eine neue Technik.
Inorganic/organic phosphorus‐based flame retardants synergistic flame retardant rigid polyurethane foam
Authors: Wu Jiazi , Zhang Xin , Qin Zhaolu , Zhang Wenchao , Yang Rongjie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) composites are fabricated by ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with pentaerythritol phosphate (PEPA), phenoxycycloposphazene (PCP), and aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP), respectively, which are labeled as RPUF‐1, RPUF‐2, and RPUF‐3. The influence of flame retardants on the apparent density and compressive strength of RPUF is studied. The results reveal that flame retardants not only improve the apparent density, but also improve the compressive strength of RPUF composites. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) results reveal that these inorganic/organic phosphorus‐based flame retardants improve the LOI significantly, especially for RPUF‐2 and RPUF‐3 systems. The cone calorimeter test results suggest that the peak of heat release of RPUF‐1, RPUF‐2, and RPUF‐3 systems decrease by 38%, 41%, and 52% likened to that of pure RPUF. And APP and ADP system performs best in declining the heat release. And APP and PEPA systems perform best in decreasing the smoke release. The flame retardancy mechanism of RPUF composites is analyzed in details.
Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Nightmare disorder index in adolescents
Authors: Zhuang Yun‐Yue , Wang Lei‐Lei , Song Tian‐He , Dietch Jessica R. , Wang Ting‐Ting , Qi Meng , Liu Jin‐Meng , Zhou Shuang‐Jiang , Chen Jing‐Xu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Nightmare Disorder Index Questionnaire (NDI) was developed to measure the impact of nightmares. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of NDI among Chinese adolescents. This study investigated the validity and internal consistency of the Nightmare Disorder Index Chinese (NDI‐CV) among 6014 Chinese adolescents who completed the NDI‐CV, Nightmare Distress Questionnaire‐Chinese Version (NDQ‐CV), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Chinese Adolescent Daytime Sleepiness Scale (CADSS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 Questionnaire (GAD‐7), and Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9). In addition, we investigated the test‐retest reliability of the NDI‐CV among 423 adolescents who completed a retest of the NDI‐CV after a 2‐week interval. Finally, NDI‐CV demonstrated good psychometric properties in a sample of Chinese adolescents (Cronbach′s α coefficient of 0.876), and the 95% confidence interval for the 2‐week retest correlation coefficient was 0.675–0.977 (p < 0.001).
Sn‐Ag Synergistic Effect Enhances High‐Rate Electrocatalytic CO2‐to‐Formate Conversion on Porous Poly(Ionic Liquid) Support
Authors: Duan Xiu‐Qiang , Duan Guo‐Yi , Wang Yao‐Feng , Li Xiao‐Qiang , Wang Rui , Zhang Rui , Xu Bao‐Hua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe electrocatalytic transformation of carbon dioxide (CO2) to formate is a promising route for highly efficient conversion and utilization of CO2 gas, due to the low production cost and the ease of storage of formate. In this work, porous poly(ionic liquid) (PPIL)‐based tin‐silver (Sn‐Ag) bimetallic hybrids (PPILm‐SnxAg10‐x) are prepared for high‐performance formate electrolytic generation. Under optimal conditions, an excellent formate Faradaic efficiency of 95.5% with a high partial current density of 214.9 mA cm−2 is obtained at −1.03 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode). Meanwhile, the high selectivity of formate (>≈83%) is maintained in a wide potential range (>630 mV). Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the presence of Ag‐species is vital for the formation, maintenance, and high dispersion of tetravalent Sn(IV)‐species, which accounts for the active sites for CO2‐to‐formate conversion. Further, the introduction of Ag‐species significantly enhances the activity by increasing the electron density near the Fermi energy level.
Interfacially Engineered Nanoporous Cu/MnOx Hybrids for Highly Efficient Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis via Nitrate Reduction
Authors: Cui Yuhuan , Dong Anqi , Zhou Yitong , Qu Yanbin , Zhao Ming , Wang Zhili , Jiang Qing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia (NH3) not only offers a promising strategy for green NH3 synthesis, but also addresses the environmental issues and balances the perturbed nitrogen cycle. However, current electrocatalytic nitrate reduction processes are still inefficient due to the lack of effective electrocatalysts. Here 3D nanoporous Cu/MnOx hybrids are reported as efficient and durable electrocatalysts for nitrate reduction reaction, achieving the NH3 yield rates of 5.53 and 29.3 mg h−1 mgcat.−1 with 98.2% and 86.2% Faradic efficiency in 0.1 m Na2SO4 solution with 10 and 100 mm KNO3, respectively, which are higher than those obtained for most of the reported catalysts under similar conditions. Both the experimental results and density functional theory calculations reveal that the interface effect between Cu/MnOx interface could reduce the free energy of rate determining step and suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction, leading to the enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity. This work provides an approach to design advanced materials for NH3 production via electrochemical nitrate reduction.
Constructing Co@TiO2 Nanoarray Heterostructure with Schottky Contact for Selective Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Fan Xiaoya , Zhao Donglin , Deng Zhiqin , Zhang Longcheng , Li Jun , Li Zerong , Sun Shengjun , Luo Yongsong , Zheng Dongdong , Wang Yan , Ying Binwu , Zhang Jing , Alshehri Abdulmohsen Ali , Lin Yuxiao , Tang Chengwu , Sun Xuping , Zheng Yinyuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectrochemical nitrate (NO3−) reduction reaction (NO3−RR) is a potential sustainable route for large‐scale ambient ammonia (NH3) synthesis and regulating the nitrogen cycle. However, as this reaction involves multi‐electron transfer steps, it urgently needs efficient electrocatalysts on promoting NH3 selectivity. Herein, a rational design of Co nanoparticles anchored on TiO2 nanobelt array on titanium plate (Co@TiO2/TP) is presented as a high‐efficiency electrocatalyst for NO3−RR. Density theory calculations demonstrate that the constructed Schottky heterostructures coupling metallic Co with semiconductor TiO2 develop a built‐in electric field, which can accelerate the rate determining step and facilitate NO3− adsorption, ensuring the selective conversion to NH3. Expectantly, the Co@TiO2/TP electrocatalyst attains an excellent Faradaic efficiency of 96.7% and a high NH3 yield of 800.0 µmol h−1 cm−2 under neutral solution. More importantly, Co@TiO2/TP heterostructure catalyst also presents a remarkable stability in 50‐h electrolysis test.
Ultrasound evaluation of the stomach and pylorus in the neonate and baby
Authors: Piotto Lino , Gent Roger 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAdvances in ultrasound technology and development of higher frequency transducers have enabled ultrasound to have a greater role in the evaluation of stomach pathology in children.1 Since Teele and Smith first described the use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) in five infants in 1977, ultrasound has been the examination of choice for diagnosis of HPS and in most institutions has completely replaced fluoroscopy for this purpose.2 The obvious advantage of using ultrasound is the avoidance of ionising radiation. Another advantage of ultrasound is its ability to provide valuable information about the stomach wall and surrounding structures. It is important to recognise the many sonographic appearances of the normal stomach so that they are not interpreted as some sort of pathology. The principal aim of this article is to describe the normal and pathologic appearances of the neonatal stomach and potential interpretation pitfalls. Sonographic technique as performed in our institution is also briefly described.
Corpus callosum–fastigium and tectal lengths in late‐onset small fetuses
Authors: Lip‐Sosa D. L. , Pérez‐Cruz M. , Ahumada‐Droguett P. , Ribas‐Prats T. , Puertollano M. , García‐Gómez M. A. , Mazarico E. , Eixarch E. , Escera C. , Gómez‐Roig M. D. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate measurements on neurosonography of midbrain morphology, including corpus callosum–fastigium length and tectal length, in late‐onset small fetuses subclassified as small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) or growth‐restricted (FGR).MethodsThis was a case–control study of consecutive singleton pregnancies delivered at term at a single center between January 2019 and July 2021, including those with late‐onset smallness (estimated fetal weight (EFW) < 10th centile) and appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age controls matched by age at neurosonography. Small fetuses were further subdivided into SGA (EFW between 3rd and 9th centile and normal fetoplacental Doppler) and FGR (EFW < 3rd centile or EFW < 10th centile with abnormal cerebroplacental ratio and/or uterine artery Doppler). Transvaginal neurosonography was performed at a mean ± SD gestational age of 33 ± 1 weeks in all fetuses to evaluate corpus callosum–fastigium length and tectal length in the midsagittal plane. Intra‐ and interobserver agreement was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman plots.ResultsA total of 70 fetuses with late‐onset smallness (29 with SGA and 41 with FGR) and 70 controls were included. Compared with controls, small fetuses showed significantly shorter corpus callosum–fastigium length (median (interquartile range), 44.7 (43.3–46.8) mm vs 43.7 (42.4–45.5) mm, P < 0.001) and tectal length (mean ± SD, 10.5 ± 0.9 vs 9.6 ± 1.0 mm, P < 0.001). These changes were more prominent in FGR fetuses, with a linear trend across groups according to severity of smallness. Corpus callosum–fastigium length and tectal length measurements showed excellent intra‐ and interobserver reliability.ConclusionsSmall fetuses exhibited shorter corpus callosum–fastigium length and tectal length compared with controls, and these differences were more pronounced in fetuses with more severe smallness. These findings illustrate the potential value of midbrain measurements assessed on neurosonography as biomarkers for brain development in a high‐risk population. However, further studies correlating these parameters with postnatal functional tests and follow‐up are needed. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Detection of nidoviruses in samples collected from captive snakes in Europe between 2016 and 2021
Authors: Leineweber Christoph , Marschang Rachel E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundNidoviruses are increasingly detected in various snake species worldwide, but much remains to be learned about their distribution and the factors influencing their epidemiology.MethodsThis retrospective study evaluated the results of routine nidovirus testing, by PCR, of 5210 swab samples from pet snakes from various European countries that were submitted to a commercial veterinary laboratory in Germany between 2016 and 2021.ResultsThe overall detection rate was 19.96%. However, the detection rate varied significantly depending on the snake species (p < 0.0001), with the highest rate in Indian pythons (Python molurus) (42.24%). Rates also varied depending on the season of sample collection (p < 0.0001), with the highest rate in winter (24.46%), and the country of sample origin (p < 0.0001), with the highest rate in Austria (36.69%). The detection rate also decreased significantly (p = 0.0003) over the 6‐year observation period, from 26.43% to 17.64%.LimitationNo information on clinical signs was available for most of the sampled snakes.ConclusionThe present study supplies new information on the distribution of python nidoviruses (subgenus Roypretovirus) in pet snakes in Europe and indicates a dynamic situation with possible changes in prevalence over time.
New insights into the centrosome‐associated spliceosome components as regulators of ciliogenesis and tissue identity
Authors: Busselez Johan , Uzbekov Rustem E. , Franco Brunella , Pancione Massimo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBiomolecular condensates are membrane‐less assemblies of proteins and nucleic acids. Centrosomes are biomolecular condensates that play a crucial role in nuclear division, cytoskeletal remodeling, and cilia formation in animal cells. Spatial omics technology is providing new insights into the dynamic exchange of spliceosome components between the nucleus and the centrosome/cilium. Intriguingly, centrosomes are emerging as cytoplasmic sites for information storage, enriched with RNA molecules and RNA‐processing proteins. Furthermore, growing evidence supports the view that nuclear spliceosome components assembled at the centrosome function as potential coordinators of splicing subprograms, pluripotency, and cell differentiation. In this article, we first discuss the current understanding of the centrosome/cilium complex, which controls both stem cell differentiation and pluripotency. We next explore the molecular mechanisms that govern splicing factor assembly and disassembly around the centrosome and examine how RNA processing pathways contribute to ciliogenesis. Finally, we discuss numerous unresolved compelling questions regarding the centrosome‐associated spliceosome components and transcript variants within the cytoplasm as sources of RNA‐based secondary messages in the regulation of cell identity and cell fate determination.This article is categorized under:
RNA‐Based Catalysis > RNA Catalysis in Splicing and Translation
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA‐Protein Complexes
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
RNA Processing > RNA Processing
Almost all extremal black holes in AdS are singular
Authors: Horowitz Gary T. , Kolanowski Maciej , Santos Jorge E. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We investigate the geometry near the horizon of a generic, four-dimensional extremal black hole. When the cosmological constant is negative, we show that (in almost all cases) tidal forces diverge as one crosses the horizon, and this singularity is stronger for larger black holes. In particular, this applies to generic nonspherical black holes, such as those satisfying inhomogeneous boundary conditions. Nevertheless, all scalar curvature invariants remain finite. Moreover, we show that nonextremal black holes have tidal forces that diverge in the extremal limit. Holographically, this singularity is reflected in anomalous scaling of the specific heat with temperature. Similar (albeit weaker) effects are present when the cosmological constant is positive, but not when it vanishes.