bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Further Studies on Bovine Lipomatosis as Enzootic Herd Problem in Egypt
Authors: El-Sebaie A. , Hofmann W. 
Published: March 2023

Bovine lipomatosis abdominal fat necrosis in cattle generally characterised by the presence of hard irrigualr massses of necrotic fat tissue in abdominal cavity, specially in mesenteric, prirenal and intestine. The disease has been reported from several countries (10, 3, 4, 15, 20).
A review of literature on he aetiology and pathogenesis of fat necrosis are incompletly understood. Genetic influences were suggested (7), disturbence of circulation (14) and hyperthermia was reported as a possible cause of fat necrosis (1). Additional causes were mentioned, hromonal disturbence (6), pressure on the tissue (12) and composition of fatty acids and disturbence in its metabolism (18).
Fat necrosis is thought to initiate a change in the composition of fat with in normal fat cells, fat composition can change as a result of number of factors pancreatitis (18), feeding long chain saturated fatty acids (19) and depression of thyroid function (8). Leberation of glycerol which is soluble and carried the short chain saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids are liquid at body temperature, while longer chain saturated fatty acids are solid (9). Yellowish color assocaited with fat necrosis is due to polymerization of unsaturated fatty acids (9). Pathogenesis of fat necrosis is closely related to Vit. E. selenium deficiency (10). Success trials for treatment of fat necrosis were applied using jsoprothialane (17).
The purpose of this study is to carry out further investigation on the biochemical aspect of bovine fat necrosis and determination the composition of fatty acids in necrosed fat as well. Experimental diagnostic therapy using Natrium selenite for treatment of clinical cases of fat necrosis is also aimed.
Pelvic Skeletal Damage and the Downer Cow
Authors: Cox V. S. 
Published: March 2023

Skeletal damage in the pelvic region should always be a consideration when examining a downer cow. Diagnosis of skeletal damage is difficult, but lifting the cow is often helpful especially when performing rectal examination (1). Specimens from 11 cases are presented here to illustrate the variety of lesions which can occur so that examiners have a better idea of possible problems and their consequences. These cases are summarized as follows:iliac shaft fracture, one with sacroiliac ankylosis - 2 casesmassive healed fracture of pelvic floor - 1 caseunilateral fracture of the femoral head - 3 caseship luxation with femoral chip fracture near the head - 4 caseship dysplasia-like lesion, unilateral - 1 case
Three of these cases recovered enough to became ambulatory, the other 8 were considered to be hopeless.
Computer Graphics for the Diagnosis of Herd Reproductive Status
Authors: Ehrlich James 
Published: March 2023

Reproductive performance of a herd of cows is a major determinant of productivity for both beef and dairy cattle. Production is maximized when each individual in the herd calves at the optimum time, determined by that individual's previous calving date (if any) and the desired pattern of seasonal calving for the herd. Commonly used measures like "Calving Interval" over-summarize data by giving us an average only, when the distribution of points around the mean is both important and highly variable among herds.
We have designed two graphs that may be used as aids in screening for, and diagnosing, herd reproductive problems. Because they use shape to convey information about distributions within the herd they are partially qualitative measures of herd reproductive status. All the same, they convey important information that is not available from the usual statistics. They are practical, and easy to interpret. We generate the graphs automatically from data downloaded from a Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA) computer, at a cost that makes them easily affordable for routine use in herds of any size. Algorithms for generating the graphs are straightforward and printing is done with block characters so that graphs can be printed quickly on an inexpensive computer printer. In fact, the graphs are a great deal harder to describe than they are to interpret.
Clinical Review of Intestinal Obstruction in Cattle
Authors: Nourmohamadzadeh F. , Mokhber Dezfuli M. R. , Afshari G. 
Published: March 2023

Several conditions may lead to obstruction of the flow of ingesta through the intestinal tract(2,6). Mechanical accidents such as intussusception, volvulus, and strangulation, in which there is a physical occlusion of the intestinal lumen (1,2,4,6). Functional obstructions, such as those which occur with local or general paralytic ileus may mimic mechanical problems.(2,4,6). Congenital malformations may include atresia or constriction of portions of the gut and has been reported in calves and lambs(2,4,6). Compression stenosis by blood clot from an expressed corpus luteum site on an ovary, or traumatic duodenitis caused by migration of a metallic foreign body(2,5).
Intestinal carcinoma occurs very rarely in cattle(6). External pressure by mesenteric fat necrosis is a condition of cattle in all dairy, breeds(2,6). Luminal blockages occurs by phytobezoars, and trichobezoars(2,3). The clinical signs of these conditions include a reduction in the amount or a failure to pass feces, progressive abdominal enlargement and colic (2,6).
Enterite Hemorragique D'Hiver en France
Authors: Carnero R. , Costes C. , Schelcher F. , Valarcher J. -F. , Moulignie M. , Espinasse J. 
Published: March 2023

During the 1990-1991 winter, 59 samples of faeces were made in cattle suffering from winter dysentery. These animals were coming from 8 different farms located in 6 different french departments. Each sample has been studied carefully under the electron microscope and put for culture on HRT 18 cells. 32 samples (54%) have shown coronavirus-like viral particles under the microscope. Each group of animals coming from one farm having at least 2 samples found(+) . 6 isolates have been kept from the cells culture and studies after the 9th passage. In these 6 isolates coronavirus were identified with the the help of the electron microscope, their cytopathogenic effect and its seroneutralization, and an direct immunofluorescence method using an anticoronavirus serum prepared on rabbits with a calf diarrhea coronavirus vaccinal strain. These results are in accordance with a participation of this type of virus in the winter dysentery syndrome.
Full article in French, English and Spanish summaries on PDF
Trace Elements in Calves Persistently Infected With Bovine Virus Diarrhoea Virus
Authors: Larsson B. , Jacobsson S. -O. , Alenius S. 
Published: March 2023

Infections with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) cause a wide spectrum of clinical syndromes throughout the world (1). The outcome of a transplacental infection includes foetal death, teratogenic effects and the birth of persistently infected (PI) calves (9) which are immunotolerant to the non-cytopathic strain of BVDV they harbour. Due to the tolerance such calves have no, or only a low level of, antibodies to BVDV.
Persistently infected cattle may perform normally but they are often recognized as beeing small at birth, having a poor growth rate and an unthrifty appearance. They also seem to have an increased susceptibility to other infections (2) and are the cattle population at risk of developing the fatal condition mucosal disease (11).
It is far from understood why PI cattle usually are small and have a retarded growth. Obviously, in some cases, this can be explained by the presence of chronic bacterial infections, which in turn may be attributed to a immunosuppressive state of the calves since BVDV infects the cells of the immune system. However, there are PI calves without signs of bacterial infections that are small. Since Srinivas et al (10) report that human patients with viral infections have altered concentrations of trace elements it is tempting to speculate that also a persistent BVDV infection can interfere with the body metabolism.
The aim of this study was to examine the serum concentrations of copper, zinc and iron during persistent infection with BVDV in calves. Further, the levels of these trace elements levels were related to the heart girth of the calves.
Experimental Arguments For Rational Use of Spiramycin (Embonate) Against Respiratory Infections in Calves
Authors: Lescene Rémi , Poirier Jacques , Richard Alain 
Published: March 2023

Respiratory diseases represent the main cause of morbidity and mortality in veal calf production. Viruses (PI3, RSV, ... ), bacteria (Pasteurella spp., Haemophilus somnus, ...) and mycoplasma (M. bovis) are the main causative agents of such infections. Therapeutic treatment remains based upon the administration of antibiotics in order to limit bacterial and mycoplasmal surinfections.
The purpose of the studies described hereafter was to demonstrate the marked affinity of spiramycin for tissues and, consequently, the efficacy of this macrolid antibiotic in the treatment of respiratory diseases in calves.
Tetania Hipomagnesemica
Authors: Prieto F. , Benedito J. L. , Fidalgo L. E. , Goicoa A. , Partida P. G. , Díez I. 
Published: March 2023

We have alleged in this work establishing the probable correlations existing between the different clinical signs presented in females with hypomagnesaemia tetany, and the serological values obtained in laboratory involved in the mineral metabolism.
Article in Spanish, English and French summaries on PDF.
Veränderungen Von Aminosäuren-Index und Ammoniakkonzentrationen in Blut und Liquor Cerebrospinalis Des Rindes Mit Leberschaden
Authors: Scholz H. , Rehage J. , Meier C. , Mertens Maria , Höltershinken M. 
Published: March 2023

Investigations were carried out in 60 high yielding cattle to improve diagnostic tools in liver disturbances. 10 healthy cows were used to establish reference values, while another group consisted of cows (GML, n= 31) suffering from dislocatio abomasi sinistra with liver affections (elevated AST, GLDH, and bilirubine values) but clinical inapparent after reposition, and the third one (KML, n=19) as GML but clinical disturbed cows. The latter were divided into three units depending on the degree of clinical problems: 1) slight (n=9), 2) medium (n=6), and 3) severe (n=4).
In these animals blood was collected and in some cases CSF as well just before the operation and 3 or 4 days later. Herein aminoacids were measured to form the quotient between Valine+Isoleucine+Leucine and Penylalanine+Tyrosine (AA-Index). Ammonia concentrations were estimated too.
Article in German, French and English summaries on PDF
Extraccion Manual De Secundinas En Diferentes Dias Pos-Parto
Authors: Alonso Díez A. J. , Alonso Blanco A. , Gonzalez Montaña J. R. , Melendez Rodríguez S. 
Published: March 2023

(Manual placenta extractions at different postpartum days: results and discussion)
It has been observed 73 Holstein Frisian cows between the 2th and the 5th partus, which presented placenta retention.The animals were divided in three groups:Group 1: 23 animals whose placentas were extracted at 72-84 postprtum hours.Group 2: 25 animals whose placentas were extracted at 84-96 postprtum hours.Group 3: 25 animals whose placentas were extracted at 96-120 postpartumhours.
We present local and general symptoms as well as local and general treatment when it were necessary and the results of the fertility.
The number of pregnant cows before three months postpartum was:Group 1: 20 of 23 animals (86.95%).Group 2: 18 of 25 animals (72.00%).Group 3: 11 of 25 animals (44.00%).
Sulfadimethoxine Withdrawal Time in Lactating Cows
Authors: Weiss George , MacDonald Alexander , Duke Paul D. , Misra Kabita , Hannon Michael R. , Katz Stan E. , Brady Marietta S. , Horton Glynn 
Published: March 2023

Drug residues in milk have received much attention in recent months. Not surprisingly, the residue data collected by different groups, as well as the interpretation of its significance to public health, have been widely divergent The publicity generated has caused public concerns about the safety and wholesomeness of dairy products.
Because of these concerns and the recognized need of the dairy industry to strictly comply with the FDA requirements regarding allowable tolerance of approved drugs in milk, Hoffmann-La Roche and Rutgers University recently conducted a study to confirm the established milk discard (withdrawal) time following administration of sulfadimethoxine as Albon once-a-day Boluses to lactating dairy cows.
The original sulfadimethoxine tolerance of 10 ppb in milk, established after evaluation of extensive human food safety data by the Agency, remains in effect today. The recent study was conducted to determine if changes in dairy management and assay methods implemented since the original milk discard time was established, had changed the drug withdrawal time required to comply with the established tolerance.
Aortic - Iliac Thrombosis in Bovine
Authors: Ojok Lonzy 
Published: March 2023

Blood is maintained in a fluid form within the vascular system by the body maintaining a balance between the clotting mechanism, fibrin and platelets deposition on the one hand and the activity of fibrinolytic enzymes on the other. Thrombosis occurs if the clotting mechanism and the fibrin and platelets deposition within the vascular system become excessive and exceeds the fibrinolytic activity of the fibrinolysin. Three factors known as the Virchow's triads consisting of damage to vessel wall and endothelium, changes in the blood flow and changes in the composition of the blood are generally considered to constitute the main pathogenetic mechanism of thrombosis. Because of the low blood pressure and the nature of the blood flow on the veinous side of the circulation, veinous thrombosis occurs more commonly than arterial thrombosis.
Arterial thrombosis involving either the aorta, cranial messenteric artery, coronary artery or iliac arteries are commonly known to occur in horses infected with Strongylus vulgaris, in cats with idiopathic cardiomyopathy and in man due to atheriosclerosis or atheromas. In cattle most cases of thrombosis reported involved the caudal vena cava (1,2,3,). Thrombosis affecting smaller arteries and arterioles in cattle are known to occur in malignant catarrhal fever as the result of fibrinoid degeneration and arteritis or arteriolitis and in infection with Haemophilus somnus which causes ischaemic septicaemic thrombomeningoencephalitis. Thrombosis affecting larger arterial blood vessels are rare. This paper describes unique cases of extensive thrombosis of the aorta, it's branches and the iliac arteries in three cows examined at postmortem.
Observations Morphopathologiques Dans La Maladie Hepatocerebrale Neonatale Chez Les Veaux
Authors: Baba A. I. , Rotaru O. , Ghergariu S. , Spinu O. 
Published: March 2023

Necropsy was performed on 4 calves some hours after their birth and subsequently at the age of 36 hours, 3 days and 6 days, and which evidenced diarrhoea and nervous troubles during their life. The macroscopic examination revealed meningoencephalic congestion, leptomeningeal oedema and of the nervous matter, and increased quantity of cephalorachidian fluid. Catarrhal or catarrhal-haemorrhagic gastroenteritis lesions were detected at the level of the alimentary canal. The liver was slightly discoloured showing white-nacreus proliferative strips of the connective tissue.
The microscopy revealed ovoid or round shaped clear marked vacuoles in the white matter of the deep cerebral hemispheres, an aspect seen in the nervous matter around the capillaries as well. Cytoplasmic vacuolizations were also detected inside the oligodendroglia, associated with karryopyknosis and karyorrhexis together with a numerical increase of microglia.
A spongy appearance of vacuolized white matter was seen in the cerebellum, the bulb (medulla oblongata) and the tubercula.
A fatty infiltration was seen at the level of the liver, and a turbid intumescence of the hepatocytes. All these conditions evidenced a mesenchymal reaction as well perilobular, interlobular and around the centrolobular vena.
Welcome
Authors: Atkins Gordon A. 
Published: March 2023

Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the Plenary Session of this unique and historic meeting marking the 25th Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners and the 17th Conference of the World Association for Buiatrics. I am honored to serve as president of AABP during this special year and have the opportunity of welcoming so many colleagues from around the world.
AABP is delighted to host all of you and we hope your stay is both informative and enjoyable and that together we truly advance the practice of bovine veterinary medicine.
Environmental Management for the Beef Cattle Industry
Authors: Sweeten John 
Published: March 2023

The major environmental issues connected with livestock and poultry feeding operations are: water quality, air quality, and sustainability of land and soil. Climate change and global warming is another emerging issue. Carbon dioxide and methane gas are given off from animal feeding operations. It's by no means a significant amount when you look at all the other sources of CO2 and methane worldwide, but still it's a contributing factor being studied by the EPA Office of Global Warming as well as animal scientists at Texas A&M University.
Water use efficiency and availability are problems in many places -- it takes a well pumping at 70gpm continuously to supply each 10,000 head of feedlot cattle with no downtime or wastes.
Management Strategies
Authors: Skidmore Andrew L. 
Published: March 2023

The acquisition of replacement heifers is a significant cost to milk producers and has a significant effect on profitability. About 20% of total variable expenses to produce milk, go to raising replacement heifers.
A milk producer must first strategize if it is better to sell all calves and purchase needed replacements or raise replacements. The advantages and disadvantages of purchasing needed replacements must be evaluated along with a careful analysis of the cost to raise replacements before a quality decision based on the evidence can be made.
When a milk producer decides to maintain ownership of replacement heifers, a decision must still be made regarding who will raise them. Custom rearing is still an option. This decision is very similar to the "sell/not sell" decision in the process of analyzing the advantages, disadvantages and current situation but is vastly different in how it is implemented and managed.
Whoever takes the responsibility to raise the replacement heifers must consider many different strategies: to achieve a labor efficiency of 14-15 daily labor hours per preweaned calf and 80-90 daily labor hours per postweaned calf, to maintain reproductive efficiency at levels equivalent to lactating cows, to maintain a growth strategy but monitoring and implementing a sound nutritional program.
Management Strategies
Authors: Jones Lawrence R. , Rogers Gary W. 
Published: March 2023

Key Points
• Cull rates are higher on most commercial dairy farms than is optimal for maximum net revenue. This is probably due to high heifer pressure. High cull rates can also mask management problems that exist in a herd.
• Cows should be kept as long as possible. 33% of the cows should be kept past five lactations. The decision to cull an animal should be made when she is considered for insemination. A table of reference values is provided to help in deciding if a cow should be inseminated.
• Cows to be culled, but not replaced, should be removed at 40-50 pounds of milk/day. Cows that are to be replaced should be removed from the herd when they reach 80% of the average milk production.
Managing a Successful Growing Dairy Business
Authors: Rogers Don R. 
Published: March 2023

In my humble opinion of helping farmers over the past 28 years, it takes a lot of change in philosophy and discipline. There are a few things you can do:
• First, you need to light a fire in yourself. The sooner you start, the better.
• Second, you should associate with those who are. Find someone who functions like a businessperson and learn.
• Third, make managing (planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling) fun to do and learn.
• Fourth, set up practical helping devices. But most importantly is to install financial discipline into the business. This part of managing requires a lot more than one realizes. Here are a few key points.
Evaluation of Pasteurella and Haemophilus Vaccines
Authors: Confer Anthony W. , Fulton Robert W. 
Published: March 2023

The family Pasteurellaceae Pohl contains gramnegative, facultatively anaerobic and fermentative bacteria of the genera Pasteurella, Haemophilus, and Actinobacillus. Of these genera, Haemophilus somnus, Pasteurella multocida and Pasteurella haemolytica are prominent pathogens in domestic cattle causing severe diseases and major economic losses. Mechanisms of immunity to these bacteria have been difficult to determine, and efficacious vaccines have been a challenge to develop and evaluate.
In this review, we will summarize current published data on antigens and immunity associated with H. somnus, P. multocida, and P. haemolytica. This will be followed by a discussion of experimental studies conducted in our laboratories using commercial P. haemolytica vaccines.
Live Animal Sampling for Antibacterial Susceptibility Testing
Authors: Clarke Cyril R. 
Published: March 2023

The value of in vitro antibacterial susceptibility testing depends on the relevancy of the microbiological samples collected. Those from the lower respiratory tract are most likely to contain etiologic pathogens but their collection requires a high level of expertise and specialized equipment. Therefore, collection of tracheal swabs is recommended. Samples should be refrigerated and desiccation should be avoided. Selection of antibacterial agents for initial therapy of BRD should be based on microbiological testing of samples collected from live animals prior to therapy. Selection of antibacterial agents to be used when initial treatment fails can be based on results of susceptibility testing conducted on treatment failures.
Correct interpretation of agar disk diffusion or MIC data depends not only on an understanding of the correlation between in vitro susceptibility and in vivo efficacy, but also the origin of the samples from which offending bacteria are cultured. Ideally, samples collected for bacteriological culture and isolation should: (1) contain the etiologic pathogen and not be contaminated with inconsequential isolates; (2) be collected, preserved, packaged, and transported in such a manner that the viability of microorganisms is maintained; and (3) yield isolates that are representative etiologic agents of the disease condition. These requirements are sometimes difficult to satisfy in the managerial and physical environment in which feedlot cattle are maintained.
Radial or Crossply?
Authors: Watson Chris 
Published: March 2023

The rubber hoof block is rapid and easy to use with a perfectly acceptable length of action that makes it a standard part of routine hoof care and treatment. You use the block in all cases where there is an indication for pain relief or simply to help with faster healing. Many practitioners no longer use other forms of hoof dressing such as bandages as this technique is so quick and cheap.
The main drawback with rubber blocks is that they require quite a lot of skill to apply properly and many veterinarians have given up at the "learning hurdle" instead of persisting in practicing the technique and mastering it.
incidence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the progeny of affected sires and dams
Authors: Curnow R. N. , Hau C. M. 
Published: March 2023

Case control study techniques were used to compare the incidence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the progeny of two affected sires and. 110 affected dams with the incidence of BSE in the progeny of animals known to be unaffected at the last record.
Full article published in Veterinary Record (1996) 138, 407-408