bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Friendship and Blackballing for Bad Beliefs
Authors: Brennan Jason 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMany people believe that we should not be friends with others if they have bad enough moral and political beliefs. For instance, they think that we should not befriend KKK members or Nazis. However, not all errors in moral and political belief disqualify people from friendship. If so, then there is some line to be drawn somewhere which indicates when a person's beliefs are bad enough that we should not befriend them. This paper considers many candidate proposals for how and why to draw the line, including that beliefs might be extreme, be held irrationally, dehumanize others, are unreasonable, and more. However, upon inspection, each candidate proposal fails. They either provide the wrong kind of reason to reject people as friends, or they fail to explain what counts as ‘bad enough’ beliefs. There are various arguments in favour of rejecting people from friendship on the basis of their bad beliefs, but these arguments also fail to explain what counts as ‘bad enough’. Thus, this paper concludes there is a genuine puzzle: we should indeed blackball some people from friendship when their beliefs are bad enough, but we do not have even a rough specification of what counts as bad enough.
Enclosure as Internal Colonisation: The Subaltern Commoner, Terra Nullius and the Settling of England's ‘Wastes’
Authors: Griffin Carl J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the past decade, scholars of the here-and-now have (re)discovered the concept of enclosure, applying it with considerable zeal and in a bewildering variety of situations: from the securitisation of the Internet, and patenting genes, to attempts to privatise urban ‘public’ spaces, the English ‘enclosure story’ is presented as a given, a narrative that is set in stone. One critical aspect of this account is that enclosure was exported to Britain's overseas colonies in a one-way process. This paper shows, however, that from the early sixteenth century – and insistently so from the late eighteenth century – arguments for the enclosure of English commons and wastes were framed using techniques and discourses deployed overseas: the languages and practices of colonialism. Commons and wastes, so the paper argues, were not just increasingly seen as empty spaces, but the peoples that inhabited them were written as if they were uncivilised and unable to manage the land. Further, arguments for the enclosure of wastes were made as an alternative to Britain's overseas imperialism. The paper traces a variety of debates and proposals that collectively constitute a coherent body of ‘internal colonial’ thought.
Design and experiment of a pneumatic self-repairing soft actuator
Authors: Liu Zhaoyu , Wang Yuxuan , Yuan Shaoke , Fei Yanqiong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a study on the design and modeling of a novel pneumatic self-repairing soft actuator. The self-repairing soft actuator is composed of driving element, heating element, and repairing element. The driving element completes the deformation of the self-repairing soft actuator. The heating element and the repairing element complete the self-repairing function of the self-repairing soft actuator. A model used to optimize the structure is established, and the structure of the self-repairing soft actuator is determined through finite element analysis and experiment. The self-repairing time model of the soft actuator is established. The influences of different factors on the self-repairing effect and the self-repairing time are analyzed. The self-repairing scheme of the soft actuator is determined. Experiments show that the shortest time for the self-repairing soft actuator to complete the self-repairing process is 83 min. When the self-repairing soft actuator works normally, the bending angle can reach 129.8° and the bending force can reach 24.96 N. After repairing, the bending angle can reach 108.2°, and the bending force can reach 21.85 N. The repaired soft actuator can complete normal locomotion.
A New Language of Rule: Alwar's Administrative Experiment, c. 1838–58
Authors: Thelen Elizabeth M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMany rulers of newly formed Indian Princely States enacted substantial administrative reforms in the first half of the nineteenth century as they sought to reinforce their power and secure revenue in the wake of British colonial conquest. In one such case, the ruler of Alwar, Banni Singh, recruited Aminullah Khan, a former record-keeper in Delhi's colonial courts, to serve asdiwan(chief minister) and undertake administrative reforms starting in 1838. These reforms focused on agrarian taxation, the civil courts, and the military, and included changes to the roles of local officials, methods of record-keeping, and the language of governance. The reforms were encoded in seven slim volumes of regulations and model forms, handwritten in Persian. Through a study of these regulations, I situate the reforms of Alwar's administration within Banni Singh's broader self-fashioning as a modern ruler in a Mughal mode and show how the reforms drew from both Mughal and colonial ideas of statecraft. The regulations represented a shift toward a legalistic conception of that state as seen in the ideals of good governance that they espoused, and they constructed contractual relationships among villagers, low-level officials in the districts, and the central state through the extensive bureaucratic procedures that they encoded.
Money demand by firms, labor market frictions, and optimal long-run inflation
Authors: Kiarsi Mehrab 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOptimal monetary policy, under flexible and sticky prices, and sticky nominal wages are studied in the canonical matching model of the labor market with a working capital channel. A money demand by firms is motivated by the fact that a significant amount of M1 is held by firms. As a result of the working capital, the Ramsey-optimal monetary policy calls for inflation when employment is above the socially efficient level and for deflation when it is below that level. This result holds under flexible wages as well as nominal wage rigidities. In other words, to improve labor market efficiency, deflation is necessary to “grease the wheels of the labor market.” Although there is no relationship between optimal monetary policy and the market tightness under flexible prices, a long-run and mainly negative relationship between the optimal inflation rate and the equilibrium tightness emerges under sticky prices.
Birthing Waters: An Anglican View of Baptismal Regeneration
Authors: Crawford Esteban E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn what sense do Anglicans believe in baptismal regeneration? This article contends that according to historic Anglicanism, baptism effectually regenerates those who faithfully receive it. While this is a disputed claim even among Anglicans, it is consistent with the formularies of the Church of England, and it largely represents a predominant position held by Anglicans across the centuries. Article XXVII of the Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion will serve as the primary point of reference for assessing the above question. The following study is organized in three sections that respectively address: (1) the sacramental efficacy of baptism; (2) the regenerative nature of baptism; and (3) the need for faith to accompany baptism. Each section examines diverse historical expressions relevant to these doctrines in light of their scriptural basis. A brief reflection on infant baptism concludes the paper.
Economic trade-offs: analysis of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) cover crop use in organic tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.) high tunnel systems across multiple regions
Authors: DiGiacomo Gigi , Gieske Miriam , Grossman Julie , Jacobsen Krista , Peterson Hikaru , Rivard Cary 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHigh-tunnel (HT) systems have been shown to effectively improve yields, fruit quality and profitability. In order to maximize returns on investment, HTs are frequently planted successively with both winter and summer cash crops and may include >2 crop cycles per year in some climates. The intense cultivation strategies used in HT systems necessitate increased tillage and nutrient demands posing challenges for soil health, environmental quality and long-term economic sustainability, particularly among organic growers. Seasonal rotations that incorporate fertility-building cover crops, such as legumes and other green manures, have the potential to build soil organic matter, improve crop yield and reduce applications of animal manure and/or compost. The economic impact of cover crop use in HT production systems poses important implications for organic growers. In this study, we present three partial budget analyses to quantify the economic benefits from a leguminous winter cover crop–tomato cash crop rotation in HTs across three regions. Data used in the economic analysis come from multi-year organic HT field trials in Kansas (2016–2019), Kentucky (2016–2019) and Minnesota (2016–2020). Direct financial benefits from hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) cover crop N credits were observed but not sufficient to offset the direct and indirect costs of the cover crop practice. A winter cover crop used in organic HT vegetable systems results in negative financial benefits to producers even with conservation incentive payments. These results highlight challenges for organic growers who are required under the USDA National Organic Program to incorporate soil building practices as part of their rotation schedule. The findings will also be of interest to policy makers as they refine cost-share offerings and programming to incentivize cover crop adoption as a conservation strategy.
Confirmation and detection of novel acetolactate synthase- and protoporphyrinogen oxidase–inhibiting herbicide-resistant redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) populations in North Carolina
Authors: Jones Eric A. L. , Andres Ryan J. , Dunne Jeffrey C. , Leon Ramon G. , Everman Wesley J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractComplaints of control failures with acetolactate synthase (ALS)- and protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides on redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) were reported in conventional soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] fields in North Carolina. Greenhouse dose–response assays confirmed that the Camden County and Pasquotank County populations were less sensitive to ALS- and PPO-inhibiting herbicides compared with susceptible A. retroflexus populations, suggesting the evolution of resistance to these herbicides. Sanger sequencing of target genes determined the Camden County population carried a Trp-574-Leu mutation in the ALS gene and an Arg-98-Gly mutation in the PPX2 gene, while the Pasquotank County population carried a His-197-Pro mutation in the ALS gene (first documentation of the mutation in the Amaranthus genus), but no mutation was detected in the PPX2 gene. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assays were developed to enable efficient screening of future control failures in order to limit the spread of these herbicide-resistant populations. In addition, preliminary testing of these assays revealed the three mutations were ubiquitous in the respective populations. These two populations represent the first confirmed cases of PPO-inhibiting herbicide-resistant A. retroflexus in the United States, as well as the first confirmed cases of this particular herbicide-resistance profile in A. retroflexus inhabiting North America. While no mutation was found in the PPX2 gene of the Pasquotank County population, we suggest that this population has evolved resistance to PPO-inhibiting herbicides, but the mechanism of resistance is to be determined.
Konstruktion eines Testinstruments zur Erhebung des Professionswissens von Lehramtsstudierenden im Fach Sozialwissenschaften (SoWis-L)
Authors: Gronostay Dorothee , Manzel Sabine , Zischke Frank Eike 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung: In diesem Beitrag wird die Konstruktion und Validierung eines Testinstruments zur Erhebung des Professionswissens von angehenden Lehrkräften im Fach Sozialwissenschaften (SoWi) vorgestellt. Der SoWis-L („Sozialwissenschaftliches Wissen – Lehrkräfte“) stellt für das Lehramtsstudienfach SoWi das erste standardisierte Testinstrument zur ökonomischen Erhebung von Professionswissen unter Berücksichtigung des Integrationsfachcharakters dar. Anhand einer Stichprobe von N = 374 Lehramtsstudierenden der Universität Duisburg-Essen (UDE) wurde das 46-Item-Instrument bezüglich seiner Testgüte untersucht. IRT-Analysen ergaben zufriedenstellende Reliabilitäts- und Itemfitwerte für alle Wissensbereiche mit Ausnahme des soziologischen Fachwissens. Strukturanalysen sprechen für eine dreidimensionale Modellierung mit einer fachdidaktischen Wissensdimension und zwei fachwissenschaftlichen Dimensionen (politisches und wirtschaftliches Wissen). Die Kriteriumsvalidität des Instruments ist mit signifikanten Gruppenunterschieden zwischen Bachelor- und Masterstudierenden, zwischen gymnasialen und nicht-gymnasialen Lehrämtern sowie einer signifikanten Korrelation mit Abiturnoten indiziert.
EF Touch – Testbatterie zur Erfassung der exekutiven Funktionen bei 3- bis 5- Jährigen
Authors: Ulitzka Bianca , Schmidt Henning , Daseking Monika , Karbach Julia , Gawrilow Caterina , Koerner Julia Kerner auch 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung: Vorschulkinder mit guten exekutiven Funktionen (EF) haben auch gute individuelle Voraussetzungen für die Schulbereitschaft und den Schulerfolg. Bislang fehlt jedoch im deutschsprachigen Raum eine Testbatterie für Kinder im Vorschulalter. Ziel der Arbeit war es daher, die Testbatterie EF Touch ( Willoughby & Blair, 2015 ) auf ihre Nutzbarkeit für den deutschen Sprachraum zu überprüfen. Die EF Touch wurde in einer Konstruktionsstichprobe von N = 90 Kindern (50 Mädchen; M-Alter = 3.39 Jahre, SD = 0.78) erprobt. Alle Aufgaben wiesen akzeptable bis sehr gute interne Konsistenzen auf (α = .51 – .93), die meisten korrelierten signifikant miteinander ( r = .39 – .51). Die zugrundeliegende Strukur der EF war erwartungsgemäß einfaktoriell. Zusätzlich zeigte sich ein signifikanter Zusammenhang ( r = -.43) mit der Elterneinschätzung der EF im Fragebogen BRIEF-P ( Daseking & Petermann, 2013 ). Es ergaben sich bei allen Aufgaben bessere Ergebnisse bei älteren Kindern. Nachdem die Nutzbarkeit der Testbatterie im deutschen Sprachraum gezeigt werden konnte, wird im nächsten Schritt eine repräsentative Normstichprobe erhoben.
Optimizing Soil Moisture Station Networks for Future Climates
Authors: Bessenbacher V. , Gudmundsson L. , Seneviratne S. I. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSoil moisture is central to local climate on land. In situ soil moisture observations are vital for observing vegetation‐relevant root‐zone soil moisture. However, stations included in the International Soil Moisture Network are sparse in regions with strong land‐atmosphere coupling. We apply a machine‐learning‐based procedure for informing future station placement using virtual soil moisture stations in future CMIP6 projections. Stations are placed where the climate is currently most under‐represented. This strategy outperforms random station placement and station placement according to geographical distance. Doubling the current number of stations using this method alleviates the uneven global distribution of stations, increases the skill in the estimation of inter‐annual variability and trends in dry‐season soil moisture, and reduces its differences across climates in future projections. Stations are predominantly placed in tropical climates, especially when optimizing for drying trends. The results can inform future station placement to support climate change mitigation efforts.
SAR and Passive Microwave Fusion Scheme: A Test Case on Sentinel‐1/AMSR‐2 for Sea Ice Classification
Authors: Khachatrian Eduard , Dierking Wolfgang , Chlaily Saloua , Eltoft Torbjørn , Dinessen Frode , Hughes Nick , Marinoni Andrea 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe most common source of information about sea ice conditions is remote sensing data, especially images obtained from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and passive microwave radiometers (PMR). Here we introduce an adaptive fusion scheme based on Graph Laplacians that allows us to retrieve the most relevant information from satellite images. In a first test case, we explore the potential of sea ice classification employing SAR and PMR separately and simultaneously, in order to evaluate the complementarity of both sensors and to assess the result of a combined use. Our test case illustrates the flexibility and efficiency of the proposed scheme and indicates an advantage of combining AMSR‐2 89 GHz and Sentinel‐1 data for sea ice mapping.
Hierarchical Homogenization With Deep‐Learning‐Based Surrogate Model for Rapid Estimation of Effective Permeability From Digital Rocks
Authors: Liu Mingliang , Ahmad Rasool , Cai Wei , Mukerji Tapan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEffective permeability is a key physical property of porous media that defines its ability to transport fluid. Digital rock physics (DRP) combines modern tomographic imaging techniques with advanced numerical simulations to estimate effective rock properties. DRP is used to complement or replace expensive and time‐consuming or impractical laboratory measurements. However, with increase in sample size to capture multimodal and multiscale microstructures, conventional approaches based on direct numerical simulation (DNS) are becoming very computationally intensive or even infeasible. To address this computational challenge, we propose a hierarchical homogenization method (HHM) with a data‐driven surrogate model based on 3‐D convolutional neural network (CNN) and transfer learning to estimate effective permeability of digital rocks with large sample sizes up to billions of voxels. This HHM‐CNN workflow divides a large digital rock into small sub‐volumes and predicts their permeabilities through a CNN surrogate model of Stokes flow at the pore scale. The effective permeability of the full digital rock is then predicted by solving the Darcy equations efficiently on the upscaled model in which the permeability of each cell is assigned by the surrogate model. The proposed method has been verified on micro‐CT scans of both sandstones and carbonates, and applied to the Bentheimer sandstone and a reconstructed high‐resolution carbonate rock obtained by multiscale data fusion. The computed permeabilities of the HHM‐CNN are consistent with the results of DNS on the full digital rock. Compared with conventional DNS algorithms, the proposed hierarchical approach can largely reduce the computational time and memory demand.
Coupling nitrate capture with ammonia production through bifunctional redox-electrodes
Authors: Kim Kwiyong , Zagalskaya Alexandra , Ng Jing Lian , Hong Jaeyoung , Alexandrov Vitaly , Pham Tuan Anh , Su Xiao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNitrate is a ubiquitous aqueous pollutant from agricultural and industrial activities. At the same time, conversion of nitrate to ammonia provides an attractive solution for the coupled environmental and energy challenge underlying the nitrogen cycle, by valorizing a pollutant to a carbon-free energy carrier and essential chemical feedstock. Mass transport limitations are a key obstacle to the efficient conversion of nitrate to ammonia from water streams, due to the dilute concentration of nitrate. Here, we develop bifunctional electrodes that couple a nitrate-selective redox-electrosorbent (polyaniline) with an electrocatalyst (cobalt oxide) for nitrate to ammonium conversion. We demonstrate the synergistic reactive separation of nitrate through solely electrochemical control. Electrochemically-reversible nitrate uptake greater than 70 mg/g can be achieved, with electronic structure calculations and spectroscopic measurements providing insight into the underlying role of hydrogen bonding for nitrate selectivity. Using agricultural tile drainage water containing dilute nitrate (0.27 mM), we demonstrate that the bifunctional electrode can achieve a 8-fold up-concentration of nitrate, a 24-fold enhancement of ammonium production rate (108.1 ug h−1 cm−2), and a >10-fold enhancement in energy efficiency when compared to direct electrocatalysis in the dilute stream. Our study provides a generalized strategy for a fully electrified reaction-separation pathway for modular nitrate remediation and ammonia production.
A genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen identifies FSP1 as the warfarin-resistant vitamin K reductase
Authors: Jin Da-Yun , Chen Xuejie , Liu Yizhou , Williams Craig M. , Pedersen Lars C. , Stafford Darrel W. , Tie Jian-Ke 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVitamin K is a vital micronutrient implicated in a variety of human diseases. Warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist, is the most commonly prescribed oral anticoagulant. Patients overdosed on warfarin can be rescued by administering high doses of vitamin K because of the existence of a warfarin-resistant vitamin K reductase. Despite the functional discovery of vitamin K reductase over eight decades ago, its identity remained elusive. Here, we report the identification of warfarin-resistant vitamin K reductase using a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen with a vitamin K-dependent apoptotic reporter cell line. We find that ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), a ubiquinone oxidoreductase, is the enzyme responsible for vitamin K reduction in a warfarin-resistant manner, consistent with a recent discovery by Mishima et al. FSP1 inhibitor that inhibited ubiquinone reduction and thus triggered cancer cell ferroptosis, displays strong inhibition of vitamin K-dependent carboxylation. Intriguingly, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, another ubiquinone-associated ferroptosis suppressor protein parallel to the function of FSP1, does not support vitamin K-dependent carboxylation. These findings provide new insights into selectively controlling the physiological and pathological processes involving electron transfers mediated by vitamin K and ubiquinone.
Impact of diet and host genetics on the murine intestinal mycobiome
Authors: Gupta Yask , Ernst Anna Lara , Vorobyev Artem , Beltsiou Foteini , Zillikens Detlef , Bieber Katja , Sanna-Cherchi Simone , Christiano Angela M. , Sadik Christian D. , Ludwig Ralf J. , Sezin Tanya 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe mammalian gut is home to a diverse microbial ecosystem, whose composition affects various physiological traits of the host. Next-generation sequencing-based metagenomic approaches demonstrated how the interplay of host genetics, bacteria, and environmental factors shape complex traits and clinical outcomes. However, the role of fungi in these complex interactions remains understudied. Here, using 228 males and 363 females from an advanced-intercross mouse line, we provide evidence that fungi are regulated by host genetics. In addition, we map quantitative trait loci associated with various fungal species to single genes in mice using whole genome sequencing and genotyping. Moreover, we show that diet and its’ interaction with host genetics alter the composition of fungi in outbred mice, and identify fungal indicator species associated with different dietary regimes. Collectively, in this work, we uncover an association of the intestinal fungal community with host genetics and a regulatory role of diet in this ecological niche.