bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced perfusion following exposure to radiotherapy: a theoretical investigation
Authors: Köry Jakub , Narain Vedang , Stolz Bernadette J. , Kaeppler Jakob , Markelc Bostjan , Muschel Ruth J. , Maini Philip K. , Pitt-Francis Joe M. , Byrne Helen M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTumour angiogenesis leads to the formation of blood vessels that are structurally and spatially heterogeneous. Poor blood perfusion, in conjunction with increased hypoxia and oxygen heterogeneity, impairs a tumour’s response to radiotherapy. The optimal strategy for enhancing tumour perfusion remains unclear, preventing its regular deployment in combination therapies. In this work, we first identify vascular architectural features that correlate with enhanced perfusion following radiotherapy, usingin vivoimaging data from vascular tumours. Then, we present a novel computational model to determine the relationship between these architectural features, blood perfusion, and tumour response to radiotherapyin silico. If perfusion is defined to be the proportion of vessels that support blood flow, we find that vascular networks with small mean diameters and large numbers of angiogenic sprouts show the largest increases in perfusion post-irradiation for both biological and synthetic tumours. We also identify cases where perfusion increases due to the pruning of hypoperfused vessels, rather than blood being rerouted. These results indicate the importance of considering network composition when determining the optimal irradiation strategy. In the future, we aim to use our findings to identify tumours that are good candidates for perfusion enhancement and to improve the efficacy of combination therapies.Author summaryDysregulated tumour vasculature often contains hypoperfused blood vessels which inhibit the delivery of blood-borne anticancer therapies. Radiotherapy, used to treat more than half of all cancer patients, causes DNA damage to vascular endothelial cells, preferentially impacting smaller vessels, leading to their death and vessel pruning. At the same time, experiments measuring changes in tumour perfusion post-irradiation produce varying outcomes and, therefore, the impact of irradiation-induced vessel pruning on network-scale perfusion remains unclear. In this study, we use recent (in vivo) imaging data to identify features of tumour vascular architectures that impact perfusion change post-irradiation. We then use a newly-developed computational framework, directly informed by the experimental observations, to elucidate the relationship between the vascular geometry and topology prior to radiotherapy and the irradiation-induced changes to network perfusion. We find that perfusion increases most significantly for networks of blood vessels with small mean diameters and large numbers of angiogenic sprouts. Our results also distinguish different mechanisms of perfusion increase and we identify cases where rerouting of blood flow causes previously hypoperfused vessels to become perfused. Our study sheds more light on the impact of radiotherapy on tumour blood flow; these insights could be useful for improving anti-cancer treatments.
Novel Imaging Guidance for Cholesteatoma Surgery using Tissue Autofluorescence
Authors: Yang Stella , Farrell Joyce , Ye Shenglin , Ahmad Iram , Valdez Tulio A 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTSignificanceCholesteatoma is an expansile destructive lesion of the middle ear and mastoid, which can result in significant complications by eroding adjacent bony structures. Currently, there is an inability to accurately distinguish cholesteatoma tissue margins from middle ear mucosa tissue, causing a high recidivism rate. Accurately differentiating cholesteatoma and mucosa will enable a more complete removal of the tissue.AimDevelop an imaging system to enhance the visibility of cholesteatoma tissue and margins during surgery.ApproachCholesteatoma and mucosa tissue samples were excised from the inner ear of patients and illuminated with 405, 450, and 520 nm narrowband lights. Measurements were made with a spectroradiometer equipped with a series of different longpass filters. Images were obtained using a red-green-blue (RGB) digital camera equipped with a long pass filter to block reflected light.ResultsCholesteatoma tissue fluoresced under 405 and 450 nm illumination. Middle ear mucosa tissue did not fluoresce under the same illumination and measurement conditions. All measurements were negligible under 520 nm illumination conditions. All spectroradiometric measurements of cholesteatoma tissue fluorescence can be predicted by a linear combination of emissions from keratin and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). We built a prototype of a fluorescence imaging system using a 495 nm longpass filter in combination with an RGB camera. The system was used to capture calibrated digital camera images of cholesteatoma and mucosa tissue samples. The results confirm that cholesteatoma emits light when it is illuminated with 405 and 450 nm, whereas mucosa tissue does not.ConclusionsWe prototyped an imaging system that is capable of measuring cholesteatoma tissue autofluorescence.
The novel nematicide chiricanine A suppressesBursaphelenchus xylophiluspathogenicity inPinus massonianaby inhibitingAspergillusand its secondary metabolite, sterigmatocystin
Authors: Jia Jiayu , Chen Long , Yu Wenjing , Su Jun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDPine wilt disease (PWD) is responsible for extensive economic and ecological damage toPinusspp. forests and plantations worldwide. PWD is caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) and transmitted into pine trees by a vector insect, the Japanese pine sawyer (JPS,Monochamus alternatus). Host infection by PWN will attract JPS to spawn, which leads to the co-existence of PWN and JPS within the host tree, an essential precondition for PWD outbreaks. Through the action of their metabolites, microbes can manipulate the co-existence of PWN and JPS, but our understanding on how key microorganisms engage in this process remains limited, which severely hinders the exploration and utilization of promising microbial resources in the prevention and control of PWD.RESULTSIn this study we investigated how the PWN-associated fungusAspergilluspromotes the co-existence of PWN and JPS in the host trees (Pinus massoniana) via its secondary metabolite, sterigmatocystin (ST), by taking a multi-omics approach (phenomics, transcriptomics, microbiome, and metabolomics). We found thatAspergilluswas able to promote PWN invasion and pathogenicity by increasing ST biosynthesis in the host plant, mainly by suppressing the accumulation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) in plant tissues that could counter PWN. Further, ST accumulation triggered the biosynthesis of VOC (volatile organic compounds) that attracts JPS and drives the coexistence of PWN and JPS in the host plant, thereby encouraging the local transmission of PWD. Meanwhile, we show that application of anAspergillusinhibitor (chiricanine A treatment) results in the absence ofAspergillusand decreases thein vivoST amount, thereby sharply restricting the PWN development in host. This further proved thatAspergillusis vital and sufficient for promoting PWD transmission.CONCLUSIONSAltogether, these results document, for the first time, how the function ofAspergillusand its metabolite ST is involved in the entire PWD transmission chain, in addition to providing a novel and long-term effective nematicide for better PWD control in the field.
Membrane extraction in native lipid nanodiscs reveals dynamic regulation of Cdc42 complexes during cell polarization
Authors: Deutz Lars N. , Sarıkaya Sena , Dickinson Daniel J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEmbryonic development requires the establishment of cell polarity to enable cell fate segregation and tissue morphogenesis. This process is regulated by Par complex proteins, which partition into polarized membrane domains and direct downstream polarized cell behaviors. The kinase aPKC (along with its cofactor Par6) is a key member of this network and can be recruited to the plasma membrane by either the small GTPase Cdc42 or the scaffolding protein Par3. Althoughin vitrointeractions among these proteins are well established, much is still unknown about the complexes they form during development. Here, to enable the study of membrane-associated complexesin vivo,we used a maleic acid copolymer to rapidly isolate membrane proteins from singleC. eleganszygotes into lipid nanodiscs. We show that native lipid nanodisc formation enables detection of endogenous complexes involving Cdc42, which are undetectable when cells are lysed in detergent. We found that Cdc42 interacts more strongly with aPKC/Par6 during polarity maintenance than polarity establishment, two developmental stages that are separated by only a few minutes. We further show that Cdc42 and Par3 do not bind aPKC/Par6 simultaneously, confirming recentin vitrofindings in anin vivocontext. Our findings establish a new tool for studying membrane-associated signaling complexes and reveal an unexpected mode of polarity regulation via Cdc42.
On soliton solutions of the modified equal width equation
Authors: Onder Ismail , Cinar Melih , Secer A. , Bayram Mustafa 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThe soliton solutions are obtained by using extended rational sin/cos and sinh-cosh method. The methods are powerful and have ease of use. Applying wave transformation to the nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs) and the considered equation turns into a nonlinear differential equation (NODE). According to the methods, the solution sets of the NODE are supposed to the form of the rational terms as sinh/cosh and sin/cos and the trial solutions are substituted into the NODE. Collecting the same power of the trigonometric functions, a set of algebraic equations is derived.Design/methodology/approachThe main purpose of this paper is to obtain soliton solutions of the modified equal width (MEW) equation. MEW is a form of regularized-long-wave (RLW) equation that represents one-dimensional wave propagation in nonlinear media with dispersion processes. This is also used to simulate the undular bore in a long shallow water canal.FindingsThus, the solution of the main PDE is reduced to the solution of a set of algebraic equations. In this paper, the kink, singular and singular periodic solitons have been successfully obtained.Originality/valueIllustrative plots of the solutions have been presented for physical interpretation of the obtained solutions. The methods are powerful and might be used to solve a broad class of differential equations in real-life problems.
An attribution account of the effects of leaders’ gender and abusive supervision on employee insubordination
Authors: Yun Dongwon , Shum Cass 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
Drawing on attribution theory, this study aims to examine how and when abusive supervision affects insubordination, focusing on employees’ attribution bias related to leader gender.

Design/methodology/approach
Two mixed-method studies were used to test the proposed research framework. Study 1 adopted a 2 (abusive supervision: low vs high) by 2 (leader gender: male vs female) by employee gender-leadership bias quasi-experiment. A sample of 173 US F&B employees completed Study 1. In Study 2, 116 hospitality employees responded to two-wave, time-lagged surveys. They answered questions on abusive supervision and gender-leadership bias in Survey 1. Two weeks later, they reported negative external attribution (embodied in injury initiation) and insubordination.

Findings
Hayes’ PROCESS macro results verified a three-way moderated mediation. The three-way interaction among abusive supervision, leader gender and gender-leadership bias affects external attribution, increasing insubordination. Employees with high leader–gender bias working under female leaders make more external attribution and engage in subsequent insubordination in the presence of abusive supervision.

Originality/value
This study is one of the first, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, that examines the mediating role of external attribution of abusive supervision. Second, this research explains the gender glass ceiling by examining employees’ attribution bias against female leaders.
The role of authenticity on revisit intention: tourist experience as a mediation at the Reyog Ponorogo National Festival
Authors: Supriono  , Iqbal Mohammad , Kusumawati Andriani , Fahmi Muhamad Robith Alil 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between tourism authenticity and tourism experience and its implications for tourists' intention to make repeat visits in the context of cultural festivals.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses descriptive quantitative and partial least square analysis by discussing six direct and five indirect relationships in the model. This study used a purposive sampling technique, with a total sample of 189 respondents who were collected through a survey of tourists who had visited the Reog Ponorogo National Festival. This study uses SmartPLS SEM to analyze the data.FindingsThe results show that this study extends its practical, policy and theoretical implications to cultural festival stakeholders. In addition, the findings of this study indicate that objective and constructive authenticity have a positive and significant effect on tourist experience. Meanwhile, tourist experience has a positive and significant effect on revisit intention. The mediating role of tourist experience also has a positive and significant effect.Originality/valueEvent tourism that favors the culture of local wisdom shows originality and becomes an attraction for tourists to visit which affects experience and revisit intention. This study focuses on the attributes of authenticity to tourist experience and revisit intention, in which tourist experience acts as a mediation.
Legitimising Emirati women’s expanding economic agency via narratives of the past
Authors: Goby Valerie Priscilla 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
The aim of this study is to investigate the highly dynamic cultural landscape relating to economically active Emirati women who are supported by government policy but may be exposed to some societal disapprobation.

Design/methodology/approach
Narrative methodology is used to explore how women respond to the perceived discord between their economic agency and enduring traditional norms associated with women.

Findings
Results indicate that a prevailing discursive mode within participants’ narratives is that the working woman is not at all a new phenomenon in their society but has always been a feature of Emirati history.

Originality/value
This study’s contribution to theory building is its demonstration of how traditional Arab Islamic values and modern state policy are being combined in a way that blurs the apparent dichotomy between tradition and modernity.
“Attrition” versus “intention to stay”: are psychological empowerment and psychological well-being viable retention strategies in the “Great Resignation” context?
Authors: Patrick Warren Stanley , Thakur Munish , Jha Jatinder Kumar 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to understand whether the relationship between psychological empowerment, psychological well-being and higher person–job fit based on the self-determination theory could have mitigated the Great Resignation crisis.

Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional study was conducted by collecting data from 351 respondents working in Indian organizations (Nifty, 2020) using a standardized questionnaire by using the multifaceted psychological construct within the work context.

Findings
This study highlights that a moderated mediation relationship between psychological empowerment (specifically “impact” or “choice”) and psychological well-being (specifically “environmental mastery”) is impacted by the person–job “demand-abilities” fit and enhances the intention to stay in the current “great resignation” context.

Practical implications
The authors map the theoretical and empirical research of the “intention to stay” by developing the “demand-abilities” fit, which leads to higher levels of psychological empowerment and psychological well-being to build adaptability through effective learning practices.

Originality/value
The authors establish the underlying linkages and future research agenda to strengthen the “intention to stay” during the extraordinarily stressful context of the covid-19 pandemic.
Under rising environmental uncertainty Chinese enterprises pursue fame or profits? Evidence from corporate social responsibility and financial investment
Authors: Zhuang Xudong , Duan Junshan 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of environmental uncertainty on corporate social responsibility (CSR), and involves corporate financial investment as mediating factor into this relationship to identify whether Chinese enterprises pursue fame or profit under rising environmental uncertainty.Design/methodology/approachData of listed companies in China from 2010 to 2019 are employed. Fixed effect and mediating effect models were used to explore the relationship between environmental uncertainty, corporate financial investment, and CSR. The heterogeneity influence and moderating effect are discussed by using the method of grouping test and adding interactive items.FindingsThe study finds that rising environmental uncertainty has a negative impact on CSR. It stimulates managements' short-sighted motivation, so that enterprises prioritize financial investment that can solve short-term goals, rather than CSR performance. This inhibitory effect is caused by holding illiquid financial assets with the motivation of “speculative profit seeking.” The negative effect is greater in the samples of state-owned enterprises, nonfamily enterprises and enterprises with low risk-taking.Practical implicationsIt provides a decision-making direction for implementation of CSR governance and the construction of CSR system, particularly in emerging market economies.Social implicationsCSR is widely known in developed countries for its formation, development and role, but its effectiveness and behavioral motivation are less mentioned in emerging markets. In the future, the research in this area needs to be further advanced.Originality/valueThe study makes significant contributions to the mechanisms behind the link between environmental uncertainty and CSR by taking corporate financial investment as an intermediary factor into the analysis, especially in the unique market context of China.
A decade of biodiversity conservation: insights into corporate social responsibility in an emerging market context
Authors: Culpi Mann Evelize , Gomes Heitor Murilo , Williamson Amanda Jasmine , Castelo Branco Manuel 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis study aims to investigate whether Brazilian companies have increased their reporting on biodiversity within the past decade and whether reporting practices are linked to the government's stance on environmental protection, media coverage and industry biodiversity risk.Design/methodology/approachUsing content analysis and ordinary least squares regression models, the authors examine sustainability reports from Brazilian listed and non-listed companies from 2010 to 2020.FindingsThis study’s empirical analysis indicates that companies have decreased their reporting on biodiversity over the decade. Findings suggest that biodiversity reporting is associated with the level of scrutiny from external constituents, such as industry biodiversity and the president's own public policy agenda and partially by media coverage.Originality/valueThe literature seems to lack an understanding of how political factors may drive social and environmental reporting practices, especially biodiversity reporting. This study addresses this issue by examining the relationship between the government's stance on environmental protection. By focusing on biodiversity reporting in an emerging country like Brazil, this study also generates insights into a highly impactful yet under-researched context.
Who is next? Consumer reaction to CEO succession in family firms
Authors: Datta Subhadeep , Mukherjee Sourjo 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis paper studies the impact of different chief executive officer (CEO) succession strategies on consumer evaluation of family firms. CEO succession is critical for family firms as improper succession planning has been shown to be the primary reason for high mortality rates of such firms. Furthermore, the choice of CEO (internal vs external) by family firms can send different signals to stakeholders and thereby impact their appraisal of such firms.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors use an experiment-based approach to test how the type of CEO succession (internal vs external) influences the consumer's evaluation of family firms.FindingsThe authors find that appointing an internal CEO leads to higher perception of firm capability, trust towards the firm and more favorable consumer attitudes. All these factors, in turn, lead to higher purchase intentions. External CEOs in family firms do not seem to have any de facto advantage regarding perceptions of higher capability.Originality/valueThus, the authors contribute to the literature of family firms by showing how family firm's strategic decisions during succession can affect consumer behavior.
The influence of information and communication technologies on disaster relief operations: a case of Cyclone Idai in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chari Felix , Novukela Cawe 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
There has been an avalanche of global natural disasters in recent times. In recent years approximately 210 million people were affected, an estimated economic cost of US$153bn was incurred and 68,000 deaths were recorded. This was a work up call that made it imperative for humanitarian actors to impetuously adopt information and communication technologies (ICTs) to timeously assist affected populations in disaster prevention, mitigation response and recovery However, the use of ICTs in the humanitarian field is still at its infancy in most third world countries. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the utilization of ICTs in humanitarian relief operations associated with Cyclone Idai in Zimbabwe.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a pragmatic approach, the study gathered data using semistructured questionnaires that were triangulated with interviews of humanitarian staff that were involved in Cyclone Idai relief efforts.

Findings
An observed suboptimal utilization of ICTs was further disadvantaged by the inequitable distribution of communication infrastructure. However, despite the suboptimal usage, there was a significant positive influence of ICT adoption on effectiveness, efficiency and flexibility in humanitarian relief operations.

Originality/value
Optimal use of ICTs has the potential to revolutionize humanitarian supply chain management. A smooth transition to new technologies is recommended in which personnel are given professional development opportunities on a regular basis.