bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Recovering Lithium and Cobalt from Spent LiCoO2 Lithium‐Ion Batteries Cathode
Authors: Zhang Zhiguo , Fang Ziming , Li Ying , Huang Yina , Shen Yanting , Xiong Bitao , Zhao Wenhua , Li Xing'ao , Lang Xiaoli , Yang Huanping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo address the issue of excess carbon emissions, China has outlined peaking the carbon emissions and achieving neutrality of carbon goals. New energy storage devices thus have been popularly developed in the past decade. Lithium‐ion batteries(LIBs) have emerged as the most prevalent devices in our daily routines. In the coming decades a huge amount of LIBs will be retired. Spent LIBs are endowed with valuable metal elements that are potentially recyclable. This paper is intended to review the recent studies on the recovery of lithium(Li) and cobalt(Co) from spent LiCoO2 batteries. This paper pays much attention to the hydrometallurgical, pyrometallurgical approaches to recycle lithium and cobalt from spent LIBs including leaching, reducing, and extracting by various inorganic or organic agents in hydrometallurgical methods and different kinds of reductants in pyrometallurgical methods. Last but not least, electrochemical methods, mechanochemistry and biometallurgy are focused for reviewing emerging, low‐cost, environmentally friendly methods. Hopefully, this review can inspire to further studies on recycling lithium and cobalt from spent LiCoO2 LIBs.
Structural Study, Spectroscopic Characterization and Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Behavior of a New Fe (III) Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Material: (C8H14N2)4[(FeCl6)(FeCl4)]Cl4
Authors: Essghaier Badiaa , Methamem Manel , Faouzi Zid Mohamed , Fakhar Bourguiba Noura 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDue to the increasing demand for novel antimicrobials agents to treat microbial infections, the current work, focused on the synthesis of new agents owing innovative chemistry and modes of action. We describe an organic‐inorganic hybrid compound with the formula (C8H14N2)4[(FeCl6)(FeCl4)]Cl4, it was synthesized via slow evaporation at room temperature, and characterized using various techniques. The compound crystallizes in the tetragonal system, with I41/a space group. In the crystal structure, the organic layers are made up of protonated m‐Xylylene diamine (C8H14N2)2+ creating between them free tunnels, in which inorganic entities can be placed. These entities contain one octahedral (FeCl6)3− ion, one tetrahedral (FeCl4)−, and uncoordinated chlorine anions. Crystal cohesion is achieved through N−H…Cl hydrogen bonds and Cl…Cl interactions. The UV‐vis spectroscopy was investigated and the optical band gap energy 2.00 eV suggests the semiconductor behavior of the title compound. The functional groups present in the crystal structure were performed by FTIR spectroscopy. Thermal analysis was also carried out. Analysis of the Hirshfeld surface revealed that the H…Cl/Cl…H interactions dominate the structure (74 %). The new Fe(III) complex gave strong antibacterial potential against S. aureus, E. coli, M. luteus, it was able to inhibit growth of Candida species and Trichophyton intergiditale and showing lysozyme activity.
Peptides and Peptide Derivatives as G‐Quadruplex Targeting Ligands: A Brief Review
Authors: Basak Shubhanwita , Biswas Soumi , Naskar Jishu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGenomic DNA adopts B‐form canonically. Besides, the oligonucleotides can adopt various non‐canonical secondary structures. These are hairpins, cruciforms, triplexes, quadruplexes (G4), i‐motifs etc. G4s are usually formed by the guanine rich oligonucleotides and are found in both DNA and RNA. G4s are more frequently distributed in telomeres, promoter oncogenes, immunoglobulin switch regions, ribosomal DNA etc. Recently, it has been established that G4s are intriguingly connected with different human diseases including cancer. Stabilization of G4s by designed molecules or drugs impedes the transcription of several oncogenes and also creates encumbrance to the telomere biogenesis which is very important in impediment of cancer. G4 is treated as an important molecular target in the discovery of anti‐cancer drugs. Among the G4 targeting molecules, peptides draw sincere attention due to its small size, simple synthetic methodology, low cytotoxicity and cellular permeability. In this review, our main discussion revolves around the formation of G4, distribution of G4 in genome, structurally diverse peptides (linear, cyclic, branch, conjugated) having potential to target G4 structures and its future perspectives.
Synthesis of 3‐Spiro Cycloalkenes Fused 7‐Aza‐2‐indalones from 3,3′‐di‐ or N,3,3′‐tri‐ allyl/homoallyl/pentenyl 7‐Aza‐2‐indalones via Ring Closing Metathesis using Grubbs‐II Catalyst
Authors: Chirranjeevi Padmashrija Ammundi Jayavel , Kannadasan Sathananthan , Shanmugam Ponnusamy 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA facile and efficient synthesis of 3‐spiro cycloalkene fused 7‐aza‐2‐indalones from 3,3′‐di‐ or N,3,3′‐tri‐ allyl/homoallyl/pentenyl 7‐aza‐2‐indalones via ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) using Grubbs‐II catalyst has been achieved. The scope of the reaction has been demonstrated by synthesizing spiro products of various ring sizes (n=5, 7, and 18), utilizing 2‐indalone/7‐azaindalone and various alkenylation agents such as allyl/homoallyl/pentenyl bromides as substrates. In addition to usual RCM products, a cross metathesis (CM) product was observed when the substrate was N,3,3′‐triallylated derivative from 2‐indalone. Notably, a macrocyclic, 18‐membered bis‐spirodiene of N‐methyl‐7‐azaindalone was observed by means of intermolecular ring‐closing metathesis (RCM‐RCM). Also, Structures of a few representative spiro‐annulated products were evidenced with single crystal XRD analysis. Furthermore, a plausible mechanism for the products is discussed.
Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer Molecular Docking Studies of Phenothiazine Derivatives – A Green Chemical Approach
Authors: Venkatesan K. , Kumar K. M. , Sivakumar A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPhenothiazines are antipsychotic drugs that have been studied for millennia. In addition to its fundamental neuroleptic properties, phenothiazines have attracted study attention for their anticancer properties. To develop powerful anticancer medications, we have concentrated on a variety of phenothiazine designs. In this study, we used a single step multicomponent reaction of N‐alkyl‐3‐formyl phenothiazine under reflux/ultrasonic conditions to produce a range of heterocyclic derivatives containing phenothiazine molecules. To characterize the structures of novel compounds, IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and mass spectral data were utilized. Utilizing different cancer cell proteins, all the derivatives were investigated for their potential as anticancer molecules.
Metal‐Free Regioselective 1,6‐Conjugate Addition of Sulfide to para‐Quinone Methides: Simple Access to E‐Selective Thiaoxacyclophanes
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Gupta Naveen K. , Solanke Balaji U. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe realized a simple approach involving the 1,6‐conjugate addition (regioselective thiolation) of para‐quinone methides (p‐QMs) with easily available thio‐based nucleophiles. Through ring‐closing metathesis (RCM), this procedure delivered a variety of para‐ and meta‐thiaoxacyclophanes as E‐isomers in good yields. A simple thiol‐free one‐pot approach is reported for the direct synthesis of sulfides and sulfones under green reaction conditions without the use of any metal catalysts. Low‐cost and easily accessible compounds such as p‐QMs and benzyl bromides are used as starting materials in the presence of potassium thioacetate (PTA) and Oxone®. Novel thiaoxacyclophanes were assembled in three simple steps including conjugate addition of PTA, Grignard addition, and RCM sequence.
Rapid Access to Sulfenylated Spiro[5.5]trienones via PIFA‐promoted Dearomative Spirocyclization of Biaryl Ynones
Authors: Chen Zhichao , Feng Yurou , Gao Pingzhang , Lv Fengjiao , Guo Xiaoyun , Xie Xiaolan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA fast and facile protocol for the sulfenylative spirocyclization of biaryl ynones employing PIFA under mild conditions is reported. A range of sulfenylated spiro[5.5]trienones were obtained in moderate to good yields. This transformation involves a radical process via a 6‐exo‐trig dearomative spirocyclization procedure. This method can be extended to the synthesis of selenium or tellurium‐substituted spiro[5.5]trienone.
LiGa(IO3)4: An Excellent NLO Material with Unprecedented 2D [Ga(IO3)4]∞− Layer Synthesized by Aliovalent Substitution
Authors: Yang Shuoxing , Wu Hongping , Hu Zhanggui , Wang Jiyang , Wu Yicheng , Yu Hongwei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNonlinear optical (NLO) crystals are indispensable for the solid‐state lasers for their ability to expand wavelength spectral to the regions where the directing lasing is difficult or even impossible, yet the rational design of a high‐performance NLO crystal remains a great challenge owing to the severe structural and properties’ requirements. Herein, a new noncentrosymmetric (NCS) and polar gallium iodate, LiGa(IO3)4, with a novel 2D anionic layer, is successfully designed and synthesized by the aliovalent substitution strategy based on classic α‐LiIO3. The 2D [Ga(IO3)4]∞− layer in LiGa(IO3)4 is built from the GaO6 octahedra and highly polarizable units IO3. Compared with its parent compound, the partial replacement of A‐site Li+ cation with main group Ga3+ cation facilitates LiGa(IO3)4 to possess excellent NLO properties, including the large second‐harmonic generation (SHG) response (14 × KH2PO4 (KDP) @ 1064 nm), wide bandgap (4.25 eV), large birefringence (0.23 @ 1064 nm), and wide optical transparency from UV to mid‐IR. These reveal that LiGa(IO3)4 will be a promising NLO crystal.
A generalized dominance ordering for 1/2-BPS states
Authors: Kemp Garreth 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We discuss a generalized dominance ordering for irreducible representations of the symmetric group Sn with the aim of distinguishing the corresponding states in the 1/2-BPS sector of U(N) Super Yang-Mills theory when a certain finite number of Casimir operators are known. Having knowledge of a restricted set of Casimir operators was proposed as a mechanism for information loss in this sector and its dual gravity theory in AdS5 × S5. It is well-known that the states in this sector are labeled by Young diagrams with n boxes. We propose a generalization of the well-known dominance ordering of Young diagrams. Using this generalization, we posit a conjecture to determine an upper bound for the number of Casimir operators needed to distinguish between the 1/2-BPS states and thus also between their duals in the gravity theory. We offer numerical and analytic evidence for the conjecture. Lastly, we discuss implications of this conjecture when the energy n of the states is asymptotically large.
Topography optimisation using a reduced-dimensional model for convective heat transfer between plates with varying channel height and constant temperature
Authors: Sun Yupeng , Yao Song , Alexandersen Joe 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes a reduced-dimensional model for the structural optimisation of conjugate heat transfer between parallel plates with constant temperature and a fluid channel of varying height. The model considers heat conduction and convection through a planar reduced-dimensional version of the convection-diffusion equation. To significantly reduce the computational time for the optimisation process, assumptions on the through-thickness velocity and temperature fields are made, allowing to transform a three-dimensional problem to a two-dimensional one. The accuracy and limitations of the model are investigated through an in-depth parametric analysis and are seen to be acceptable in the context of optimisation when considering the reduced computational cost. To allow for the optimisation of varying topology and topography, the local channel height is linearly interpolated based on the design field. The height parametrisation combined with the reduced-dimensional model provides physical meaning to intermediate design variables and removes the traditional requirement of 0–1 discrete solutions for topology optimisation. This allows the free switch between topology and topography optimisation, but it is illustrated through various examples that only topography changes are relevant for the treated problems. Two optimisation examples, a square heat exchanger and a manifold heat exchanger, demonstrate that the reduced-dimensional model is sufficiently accurate to be applied to structural optimisation. In comparison with shape optimisation using a full three-dimensional model, it is demonstrated that topography optimisation using the reduced-dimensional model can achieve equivalent optimised designs at a significantly lower computational cost.

Graphical abstract
A Hilbertian projection method for constrained level set-based topology optimisation
Authors: Wegert Zachary J. , Roberts Anthony P. , Challis Vivien J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present an extension of the projection method proposed by Challis et al. (Int J Solids Struct 45(14–15):4130–4146, 2008) for constrained level set-based topology optimisation that harnesses the Hilbertian velocity extension-regularisation framework. Our Hilbertian projection method chooses a normal velocity for the level set function as a linear combination of (1) an orthogonal projection operator applied to the extended optimisation objective shape sensitivity and (2) a weighted sum of orthogonal basis functions for the extended constraint shape sensitivities. This combination aims for the best possible first-order improvement of the optimisation objective in addition to first-order improvement of the constraints. Our formulation utilising basis orthogonalisation naturally handles linearly dependent constraint shape sensitivities. Furthermore, use of the Hilbertian extension-regularisation framework ensures that the resulting normal velocity is extended away from the boundary and enriched with additional regularity. Our approach is generally applicable to any topology optimisation problem to be solved in the level set framework. We consider several benchmark constrained microstructure optimisation problems and demonstrate that our method is effective with little-to-no parameter tuning. We also find that our method performs well when compared to a Hilbertian sequential linear programming method.
Trait sensitivity to positive feedback is a predisposing factor for several aspects of compulsive alcohol drinking in male rats: behavioural, physiological, and molecular correlates
Authors: Cieslik-Starkiewicz Agata , Noworyta Karolina , Solich Joanna , Korlatowicz Agata , Faron-Górecka Agata , Rygula Rafal 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. While the pathophysiology underlying AUD is relatively well known, the cognitive mechanisms of an individual’s susceptibility to the development of alcohol dependence remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the theoretical claim that sensitivity to positive feedback (PF), as a stable and enduring behavioural trait, can predict individual susceptibility to the acquisition and maintenance of alcohol-seeking behaviour in rats.

Methods
Trait sensitivity to PF was assessed using a series of probabilistic reversal learning tests. The escalation of alcohol intake in rats was achieved by applying a mix of intermittent free access and instrumental paradigms of alcohol drinking. The next steps included testing the influence of sensitivity to PF on the acquisition of compulsive alcohol-seeking behaviour in the seeking-taking punishment task, measuring motivation to seek alcohol, and comparing the speed of extinction and reinstatement of alcohol-seeking after a period of abstinence between rats expressing trait insensitivity and sensitivity to PF. Finally, trait differences in the level of stress hormones and in the expression of genes and proteins in several brain regions of interest were measured to identify potential physiological and neuromolecular mechanisms of the observed interactions.

Results
We showed that trait sensitivity to PF in rats determines the level of motivation to seek alcohol following the experience of its negative consequences. They also revealed significant differences between animals classified as insensitive and sensitive to PF in their propensity to reinstate alcohol-seeking behaviours after a period of forced abstinence. The abovementioned effects were accompanied by differences in blood levels of stress hormones and differences in the cortical and subcortical expression of genes and proteins related to dopaminergic, serotonergic, and GABAergic neurotransmission.

Conclusion
Trait sensitivity to PF can determine the trajectory of alcohol addiction in rats. This effect is, at least partially, mediated via distributed physiological and molecular changes within cortical and subcortical regions of the brain.
Preoperative word-finding difficulties in children with posterior fossa tumours: a European cross-sectional study
Authors: Persson K. , Boeg Thomsen D. , Fyrberg Å. , Castor C. , Aasved Hjort M. , Andreozzi B. , Grillner P. , Kjær Grønbæk J. , Jakus J. , Juhler M. , Mallucci C. , Mathiasen R. , Molinari E. , Pizer B. , Sehested A. , Troks-Berzinskiene A. , van Baarsen K. , Tiberg I. ,   The CMS study group
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Posterior fossa tumour surgery in children entails a high risk for severe speech and language impairments, but few studies have investigated the effect of the tumour on language prior to surgery. The current crosslinguistic study addresses this gap. We investigated the prevalence of preoperative word-finding difficulties, examined associations with medical and demographic characteristics, and analysed lexical errors.

Methods
We included 148 children aged 5–17 years with a posterior fossa tumour. Word-finding ability was assessed by means of a picture-naming test, Wordrace, and difficulties in accuracy and speed were identified by cut-off values. A norm-based subanalysis evaluated performance in a Swedish subsample. We compared the demographic and medical characteristics of children with slow, inaccurate, or combined slow and inaccurate word finding to the characteristics of children without word-finding difficulties and conducted a lexical error analysis.

Results
Thirty-seven percent (n = 55) presented with slow word finding, 24% (n = 35) with inaccurate word finding, and 16% (n = 23) with both slow and inaccurate word finding. Children with posterior fossa tumours were twice as slow as children in the norming sample. Right-hemisphere and brainstem location posed a higher risk for preoperative word-finding difficulties, relative to left-hemisphere location, and difficulties were more prevalent in boys than in girls. The most frequent errors were lack of response and semantically related sideordinated words.

Conclusion
Word-finding difficulties are frequent in children with posterior fossa tumours, especially in boys and in children with right-hemisphere and brainstem tumours. Errors resemble those observed in typical development and children with word-finding difficulties.
Transcranial alternating current stimulation in affecting cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders: a review
Authors: Biačková Nina , Adamová Andrea , Klírová Monika 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTranscranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method that, through its manipulation of endogenous oscillations, can affect cognition in healthy adults. Given the fact that both endogenous oscillations and cognition are impaired in various psychiatric diagnoses, tACS might represent a suitable intervention. We conducted a search of Pubmed and Web of Science databases and reviewed 27 studies where tACS is used in psychiatric diagnoses and cognition change is evaluated. TACS is a safe and well-tolerated intervention method, suitable for multiple-sessions protocols. It can be administered at home, individualized according to the patient'’s anatomical and functional characteristics, or used as a marker of disease progression. The results are varying across diagnoses and applied protocols, with some protocols showing a long-term effect. However, the overall number of studies is small with a great variety of diagnoses and tACS parameters, such as electrode montage or used frequency. Precise mechanisms of tACS interaction with pathophysiological processes are only partially described and need further research. Currently, tACS seems to be a feasible method to alleviate cognitive impairment in psychiatric patients; however, a more robust confirmation of efficacy of potential protocols is needed to introduce it into clinical practise.
Efgartigimod beyond myasthenia gravis: the role of FcRn-targeting therapies in stiff-person syndrome
Authors: Di Stefano Vincenzo , Alonge Paolo , Rini Nicasio , Militello Massimiliano , Lupica Antonino , Torrente Angelo , Brighina Filippo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare autoimmune neurological disorder characterized by high titers of antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) causing impaired GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission. To date, there is not a defined therapy for such condition, but immunomodulating therapies, such as plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulins, and rituximab, have been widely used in clinical practice. However, the efficacy and tolerability of these treatments is not well established. Efgartigimod, a new neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) blocker, is a human IgG1 antibody Fc fragment engineered with increased affinity for FcRn binding, leading to a reduction in IgGs levels, including pathogenic IgG autoantibody showing promising results in neurological autoimmune disorders and has been approved for the treatment of AChR-seropositive generalized myasthenia gravis (MG). In this study, we report and describe the first data on treatment with efgartigimod in three patients affected by both AChR-seropositive generalized MG and anti-GAD-seropositive SPS. Patients were followed since the start of efgartigimod and for the whole treatment period (12 weeks). MG symptoms were assessed with the “MG activity of daily living score” and the Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis score, while SPS ones were assessed with the “SPS activity of daily living score”; muscle strength was assessed with the Medical Research Council Sum score; the overall disability from MG and SPS was assessed by the modified Rankin Scale. All patients showed an improvement in symptoms of both SPS and MG after 2 cycles of treatment. Our data suggest that efgartigimod may be considered as a candidate drug for SPS and other autoantibody-mediated neurological disorders.