bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Co‐Addition of Plant Peptides and Lauric Acid on the Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Digestibility of Sweet Potato Starch
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Xiao Jianhui , Zeng Zicong , Zhang Zedong , Wu Guoqiang , Yu Lili , Xie Liwen , Hou Tianyu , Li Dongming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe effects of co‐addition of three plant peptides (P)—soybean peptide (SP), wheat peptide (WP) or corn peptide (CP), and lauric acid (LA)—on the physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of sweet potato starch (SPS) are investigated. The enthalpy (ΔH2), complex index (CI), ordered crystalline structure, and resistant starch (RS) content of the SPS–LA–P ternary system significantly increase, compared to those of the SPS–P and SPS–LA binary systems. The microscopic surface is smoother and denser, and the cross‐sectional gel layer is thicker. The peak viscosity, breakdown value, paste clarity, and gel hardness of the ternary system also significantly decrease, likely due to the formation of more SPS–LA binary complexes and SPS–LA–P ternary complexes in the ternary systems. The co‐addition of WP and LA demonstrates the most significant increase in the ΔH2 (1.48 J g−1), CI (48.74%), relative crystallinity (18.17%), and molecular orderliness of SPS–control, which also has reduced paste clarity (23.93%). The addition of SP and LA is most effective in reducing the peak viscosity (4183.33 cP) and gel hardness (221.72 g) of SPS, and the ternary systems containing WP and CP have the highest RS content of 29.81% and 28.74%, respectively.
Understanding the Inhibitory Mechanism of Exogenous Protein on Enzymatic Preparation of Resistant Starch
Authors: Siddiqui Samiya , Khan Anum , Rahman Ubaid Ur , Shah Aamer Ali , Badshah Malik , Rehman Malik Mujaddad Ur , Hayat Azam , Khan Samiullah 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEnzymatic synthesis of resistant starch strongly depends on the food composition and their interaction with exogenous/endogenous proteins during preparation process. Therefore, the present study systematically investigates the inhibitory effect of egg albumin on pancreatic‐α‐amylase for synthesis of resistant starch from maize flour. The maximum inhibitory concentration of egg albumin is 5 mg mL−1 with % inhibition of 95.15% for pancreatic‐α‐amylase. Lineweaver burk plot reveals that Vmax is constant with and without addition of egg albumin. Whereas Km is increased in presence of albumin to achieve the same Vmax. Increase in the substrate concentration (Km) from 5 to 25 mg mL−1 leads to a decrease in enzyme inhibition. Moreover, the resistant starch content of enzymatically prepared resistant starch with and without albumin as compared to gelatinized maize starch (control) is increased. Scanning electron micrograph reveals interaction of egg albumin with maize starch as thread like aggregation. FTIR and XRD analysis reveal the increase in crystallinity of enzymatically treated maize starch against control. Moreover, egg albumin is negatively associated with enzymatic hydrolysis by preventing its access to maize starch granule and act as a competitive inhibitor. As a result of this interaction decrease in resistant starch yield from maize starch is investigated by enzymatic treatment.
Revision of the Barremian fern Coniopteris laciniata from Las Hoyas and El Montsec (Spain): Highlighting its importance in the evolution of vegetation during the Early Cretaceous
Authors: Blanco‐Moreno Candela , Buscalioni Ángela D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe species Coniopteris laciniata and Sphenopteris wonnacottii are heterophyllous ferns recovered from two Spanish Barremian localities, Las Hoyas and El Montsec respectively. The similarities between these species, observed in a study of a total of 66 hand specimens from both localities, indicate that they are conspecific. Following the rule of priority in botanical nomenclature, and because there are doubts about the assignment of this species to a higher taxonomic rank, the name Coniopteris is maintained. Characters of this fern and additional characters of other species of Coniopteris would support a diversification of polypod ferns during the Early Cretaceous. Metric architecture analyses suggest that the heterophylly of the plant was probably caused by the submersion of the apical part of fronds in water during their development, which would be consistent with the taphonomy of the remains in both localities.
New covariant Feynman rules for effective field theories
Authors: von Gersdorff Gero , Santos Kevin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We provide a new and completely general formalism to compute the effective field theory matching contributions from integrating out massive fields in a manifestly gauge covariant way, at any desired loop order. The formalism is based on old ideas such as the background field method and the heat kernel, however we add some crucial new ingredients that greatly improve the simplicity and general applicability of the approach. We formulate our method in terms of Feynman rules, the resulting effective action is expressed in terms of local heat kernel coefficients. We also provide as supplementary material a mathematica code that facilitates the computation of these coefficients.
Melatonin inhibits senescence-associated melanin pigmentation through the p53-TYR pathway in human primary melanocytes and the skin of C57BL/6 J mice after UVB irradiation
Authors: Ma Li-Ping , Liu Meng-Meng , Liu Fang , Sun Bo , Wang Si-Nian , Chen Jie , Yu Hui-Jie , Yan Juan , Tian Mei , Gao Ling , Liu Qing-Jie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
UVB exposure accelerates skin aging and pigmentation. Melatonin effectively regulates tyrosinase (TYR) activity and aging. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between premature senescence and pigmentation, and the mechanism of melanin synthesis effected by melatonin. Primary melanocytes were extracted and identified from the male foreskin. To inhibit TYR expression, primary melanocytes were transduced with the lentivirus pLKD-CMV-EGFP-2A-Puro-U6-TYR. The wild-type TYR(+/+) and TYR(–/–) or TYR(+/–) knockout C57BL/6 J mice were used to determine the role of TYR on melanin synthesis in vivo. Results showed that UVB-induced melanin synthesis is dependent on TYR in primary melanocytes and mice. Furthermore, in primary melanocytes pretreated with Nutlin-3 or PFT-α to up or downregulate p53, results showed that premature senescence and melanin synthesis increased in primary melanocytes after UVB irradiation at 80 mJ/cm2, and further increased after being treated with Nutlin-3, while significantly decreased with PFT-α. In addition, melatonin inhibited UVB-induced premature senescence associated with inactivation of p53 and phosphorylation of p53 on Ser15 (ser-15), a decrease of melanin synthesis accompanied by reduced TYR expression. Moreover, skin erythema and pigmentation induced by UVB were reduced in the dorsal and ear skin of mice topically pretreated with 2.5% melatonin. These indicate that melatonin inhibits UVB-induced senescence-associated pigmentation via the p53-TYR pathway in primary melanocytes and prevents pigmentation obviously in the dorsal and ear skin of C57BL/6 J mice after UVB irradiation.

Key messages

P53 links UVB irradiation-induced senescence and senescence-associated pigmentation and regulates TYR in primary melanocytes after UVB irradiation.

Melatonin inhibits senescence-associated pigmentation through the p53-TYR pathway in primary melanocytes.

Melatonin prevents skin erythema and melanin pigmentation induced by UVB irradiation in the dorsal and ear skin of C57BL/6J mice.
Impact of regional multi-disciplinary team on the management of complex urogynaecology conditions
Authors: Ong Hui Ling , Sokolova Inna , Agur Wael 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Following the publication of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines on the management of pelvic floor dysfunction, articles speculating on the benefits and costs of local and regional multi-disciplinary teams (MDTs) have been in circulation. To date, there has been no formal assessment of the impact of a regional MDT on the management of women with complex urogynaecological conditions.

Methods
Throughout the existence of the West of Scotland (WoS) Regional Urogynaecology MDT, from May 2010 to December 2015, 60 patients with complex Urogynaecology conditions were discussed. Data were collected on presenting condition, pre- and post-MDT management plans, and treatment outcomes.

Results
The average age was 52.6 years (range 21–91 years). All meetings had at least 1 urogynaecologist, 1 gynaecologist, 1 reconstructive female urologists, 1 urodynamicist and, on average, 3 continence nurses, 4 physiotherapists, as well as 1 clinical librarian to conduct a literature search and 1 secretary for administrative support. The majority of the referrals dealt with urinary incontinence (n=34) and 8 patients presented with mesh complications alongside other pelvic floor disorders. The MDT made changes to the original referrer’s management plan in at least 25 (41.7%) patient presentations. Twenty-two out of all the patients discussed (36.7%) were reported as cured or improved in their condition following the MDT-recommended management.

Conclusion
The WoS Regional Urogynaecology MDT had a positive impact on the management of women presenting with complex condition(s). Cross-sharing of resources between hospitals within the region provided a wider range of management plans, better tailored to each individual.
On the undecidability and descriptional complexity of synchronized regular expressions
Authors: Xie Jingnan , Hunt Harry B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn Freydenberger (Theory Comput Syst 53(2):159–193, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00224-012-9389-0), Freydenberger shows that the set of invalid computations of an extended Turing machine can be recognized by a synchronized regular expression [as defined in Della Penna et al. (Acta Informatica 39(1):31–70, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00236-002-0099-y)]. Therefore, the widely discussed predicate “$$=\{0,1\}^*$$

=

{
0
,
1
}

∗

” is not recursively enumerable for synchronized regular expressions (SRE). In this paper, we employ a stronger form of non-recursive enumerability called productiveness and show that the set of invalid computations of a deterministic Turing machine on a single input can be recognized by a synchronized regular expression. Hence, for a polynomial-time decidable subset of SRE, where each expression generates either $$\{0, 1\}^*$$

{
0
,
1
}

∗

or $$\{0, 1\}^* -\{w\}$$

{
0
,
1
}

∗

-

{
w
}

where $$w \in \{0, 1\}^*$$

w
∈

{
0
,
1
}

∗

, the predicate “$$=\{0,1\}^*$$

=

{
0
,
1
}

∗

” is productive. This result can be easily applied to other classes of language descriptors due to the simplicity of the construction in its proof. This result also implies that many computational problems, especially promise problems, for SRE are productive. These problems include language class comparison problems (e.g., does a given synchronized regular expression generate a context-free language?), and equivalence and containment problems of several types (e.g., does a given synchronized regular expression generate a language equal to a fixed unbounded regular set?). In addition, we study the descriptional complexity of SRE. A generalized method for studying trade-offs between SRE and many classes of language descriptors is established.
The relation between hypoxia and proliferation biomarkers with radiosensitivity in locally advanced laryngeal cancer
Authors: van den Bovenkamp Karlijn , van der Vegt Bert , Halmos Gyorgy B. , Slagter-Menkema Lorian , Langendijk Johannes A. , van Dijk Boukje A. C. , Schuuring Ed , van der Laan Bernard F. A. M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Treatment decision-making in advanced-stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is difficult due to the high recurrence rates and the desire to preserve laryngeal functions. New predictive markers for radiosensitivity are needed to facilitate treatment choices. In early stage glottic LSCC treated with primary radiotherapy, expression of hypoxia (HIF-1α and CA-IX) and proliferation (Ki-67) tumour markers showed prognostic value for local control. The objective of this study is to examine the prognostic value of tumour markers for hypoxia and proliferation on locoregional recurrent disease and disease-specific mortality in a well-defined cohort of patients with locally advanced LSCC treated with primary, curatively intended radiotherapy.

Methods
In pre-treatment biopsy tissues from a homogeneous cohort of 61 patients with advanced stage (T3–T4, M0) LSCC primarily treated with radiotherapy, expression of HIF-1α, CA-IX and Ki-67 was evaluated with immunohistochemistry. Demographic data (age and sex) and clinical data (T- and N-status) were retrospectively collected from the medical records. Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the relation between marker expression, demographic and clinical data, and locoregional recurrence and disease-specific mortality.

Results
Patients with high expression of HIF-1α developed significantly more often a locoregional recurrence (39%) compared to patients with a low expression (21%) (p = 0.002). The expression of CA-IX and Ki-67 showed no association with locoregional recurrent disease. HIF-1α, CA-IX and Ki-67 were not significantly related to disease-specific mortality. Clinical N-status was an independent predictor of recurrent disease (p < 0.001) and disease-specific mortality (p = 0.003). Age, sex and T-status were not related to locoregional recurrent disease or disease-specific mortality.

Conclusion
HIF-1α overexpression and the presence of regional lymph node metastases at diagnosis were independent predictors of locoregional recurrent disease after primary treatment with curatively intended radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced LSCC.
Migraine: from pathophysiology to treatment
Authors: Puledda Francesca , Silva Elisa Martins , Suwanlaong Kanokrat , Goadsby Peter J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMigraine is an extremely disabling, common neurological disorder characterized by a complex neurobiology, involving a series of central and peripheral nervous system areas and networks. A growing increase in the understanding of migraine pathophysiology in recent years has facilitated translation of that knowledge into novel treatments, which are currently becoming available to patients in many parts of the world and are substantially changing the clinical approach to the disease. In the first part of this review, we will provide an up to date overview of migraine pathophysiology by analyzing the anatomy and function of the main regions involved in the disease, focusing on how these give rise to the plethora of symptoms characterizing the attacks and overall disease. The second part of the paper will discuss the novel therapeutic agents that have emerged for the treatment of migraine, including molecules targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (gepants and monoclonal antibodies), serotonin 5-HT1Freceptor agonists (ditans) and non-invasive neuromodulation, as well as providing a brief overview of new evidence for classic migraine treatments.
MAX CUT in Weighted Random Intersection Graphs and Discrepancy of Sparse Random Set Systems
Authors: Nikoletseas Sotiris , Raptopoulos Christoforos , Spirakis Paul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLet V be a set of n vertices, $${\mathcal M}$$
M
a set of m labels, and let $${\textbf{R}}$$
R
be an $$m \times n$$

m
×
n

matrix ofs independent Bernoulli random variables with probability of success p; columns of $${\textbf{R}}$$
R
are incidence vectors of label sets assigned to vertices. A random instance $$G(V, E, {\textbf{R}}^T {\textbf{R}})$$

G
(
V
,
E
,

R

T

R
)

of the weighted random intersection graph model is constructed by drawing an edge with weight equal to the number of common labels (namely $$[{\textbf{R}}^T {\textbf{R}}]_{v,u}$$

[

R

T

R
]

v
,
u

) between any two vertices u, v for which this weight is strictly larger than 0. In this paper we study the average case analysis of Weighted Max Cut, assuming the input is a weighted random intersection graph, i.e. given $$G(V, E, {\textbf{R}}^T {\textbf{R}})$$

G
(
V
,
E
,

R

T

R
)

we wish to find a partition of V into two sets so that the total weight of the edges having exactly one endpoint in each set is maximized. In particular, we initially prove that the weight of a maximum cut of $$G(V, E, {\textbf{R}}^T {\textbf{R}})$$

G
(
V
,
E
,

R

T

R
)

is concentrated around its expected value, and then show that, when the number of labels is much smaller than the number of vertices (in particular, $$m=n^{\alpha }, \alpha <1$$

m
=

n
α

,
α
<
1

), a random partition of the vertices achieves asymptotically optimal cut weight with high probability. Furthermore, in the case $$n=m$$

n
=
m

and constant average degree (i.e. $$p = \frac{\Theta (1)}{n}$$

p
=

Θ
(
1
)

n

), we show that with high probability, a majority type randomized algorithm outputs a cut with weight that is larger than the weight of a random cut by a multiplicative constant strictly larger than 1. Then, we formally prove a connection between the computational problem of finding a (weighted) maximum cut in $$G(V, E, {\textbf{R}}^T {\textbf{R}})$$

G
(
V
,
E
,

R

T

R
)

and the problem of finding a 2-coloring that achieves minimum discrepancy for a set system $$\Sigma $$
Σ
with incidence matrix $${\textbf{R}}$$
R
(i.e. minimum imbalance over all sets in $$\Sigma $$
Σ
). We exploit this connection by proposing a (weak) bipartization algorithm for the case $$m=n, p = \frac{\Theta (1)}{n}$$

m
=
n
,
p
=

Θ
(
1
)

n

that, when it terminates, its output can be used to find a 2-coloring with minimum discrepancy in a set system with incidence matrix $${\textbf{R}}$$
R
. In fact, with high probability, the latter 2-coloring corresponds to a bipartition with maximum cut-weight in $$G(V, E, {\textbf{R}}^T {\textbf{R}})$$

G
(
V
,
E
,

R

T

R
)

. Finally, we prove that our (weak) bipartization algorithm terminates in polynomial time, with high probability, at least when $$p = \frac{c}{n}, c<1$$

p
=

c
n

,
c
<
1

.
Neural clustering based on implicit maximum likelihood
Authors: Vardakas Georgios , Likas Aristidis 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClustering is one of the most fundamental unsupervised learning tasks with numerous applications in various fields. Clustering methods based on neural networks, called deep clustering methods, leverage the representational power of neural networks to enhance clustering performance. ClusterGan constitutes a generative deep clustering method that exploits generative adversarial networks (GANs) to perform clustering. However, it inherits some deficiencies of GANs, such as mode collapse, vanishing gradients and training instability. In order to tackle those deficiencies, the generative approach of implicit maximum likelihood estimation (IMLE) has been recently proposed. In this paper, we present a clustering method based on generative neural networks, called neural implicit maximum likelihood clustering, which adopts ideas from both ClusterGAN and IMLE. The proposed method has been compared with ClusterGAN and other neural clustering methods on both synthetic and real datasets, demonstrating promising results.
Epidemiology of proximal humerus fractures in Qatar
Authors: Alzobi Osama Z. , Salman Loay A. , Derbas Jawad , Abudalou Abedallah , Hantouly Ashraf T. , Ahmed Ghalib 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and treatment options of proximal humerus fractures at a level one trauma center and to compare our data with the current literature.

Methods
A retrospective review was conducted on all patients diagnosed and treated for proximal humerus fractures at Hamad General Hospital, a level one trauma center, between January 2018 and December 2019. Age, gender, mechanism of injury, fracture classification, mode of treatment, implant type, length of hospital stay, associated injuries and complications were analyzed.

Results
A total of 190 patients with a mean age of 52.4 years were included; 56.8% were males. The incidence of proximal humerus fracture was 4.1/100,000 per year. Falling from a standing height was the most common cause of injury (50.5%). Additionally, Neer’s two-part fracture was found to be the most common type (n = 132, 69%). Forty-one patients (21.3%) had other associated injuries. Most fractures were treated nonoperatively with an arm sling (n = 138, 72.6%).

Conclusion
In summary, the incidence of proximal humerus fractures during the two-year study period was found to be 4.1 per 100,000 persons per year. Our results showed a lower incidence of proximal humerus fractures with a predominance of males and younger patients in Qatar’s population compared to females and older patients in the developed countries. Our results may contribute to the development of effective strategies for preventing and treating proximal humerus fractures, and can provide important data for further high-level clinical research.

Level of evidence
IV.
Pathways to adverse pregnancy outcomes: exploring the mediating role of intimate partner violence and depression: results from a South African rape cohort study
Authors: Abrahams N. , Chirwa E. , Mhlongo S. , Seedat S. , Myers B. , Peer N. , Kengne A. P. , Garcia-Moreno C. , Lombard C. , Jewkes R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAdverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) are common occurrences that contribute to negative maternal and child health outcomes. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that trauma exposure and depression are drivers of the better-recognised risk factors for miscarriage, abortion and stillbirths. Our comparative cohort study based in Durban, South Africa recruited women who reported a recent rape (n = 852) and those who had never experienced rape (n = 853), with follow-up for 36 months. We explored APOs (miscarriage, abortion or stillbirth) among those having a pregnancy during follow-up (n = 453). Potential mediators were baseline depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms, substance abuse, HbA1C, BMI, hypertension and smoking. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to determine direct and indirect paths to APO. Overall, 26.6% of the women had a pregnancy in the follow-up period and 29.4% ended in an APO, with miscarriage (19.9%) the most common outcome, followed by abortion (6.6%) and stillbirths (2.9%). The SEM showed two direct pathways from exposure to childhood trauma, rape and other trauma, to APO which were ultimately mediated by hypertension and/or BMI, but all paths to BMI were mediated by depression and IPV-mediated pathways from childhood and other trauma to hypertension. Food insecurity mediated a pathway from experiences of trauma in childhood to depression. Our study confirms the important role of trauma exposure, including rape, and depression on APOs, through their impact on hypertension and BMI. It is critical that violence against women and mental health are more systematically addressed in antenatal, pregnancy and postnatal care.