bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usability of a mHealth Solution using Speech Recognition for Point-of-care Diagnostic Management
Authors: Kerwagen Fabian , Fuchs Konrad F. , Ullrich Melanie , Schulze Andres , Straka Samantha , Krop Philipp , Latoschik Marc E. , Gilbert Fabian , Kunz Andreas , Fette Georg , Störk Stefan , Ertl Maximilian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe administrative burden for physicians in the hospital can affect the quality of patient care. The Service Center Medical Informatics (SMI) of the University Hospital Würzburg developed and implemented the smartphone-based mobile application (MA) ukw.mobile1 that uses speech recognition for the point-of-care ordering of radiological examinations. The aim of this study was to examine the usability of the MA workflow for the point-of-care ordering of radiological examinations. All physicians at the Department of Trauma and Plastic Surgery at the University Hospital Würzburg, Germany, were asked to participate in a survey including the short version of the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ-S) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). For the analysis of the different domains of user experience (overall attractiveness, pragmatic quality and hedonic quality), we used a two-sided dependent sample t-test. For the determinants of the acceptance model, we employed regression analysis. Twenty-one of 30 physicians (mean age 34 ± 8 years, 62% male) completed the questionnaire. Compared to the conventional desktop application (DA) workflow, the new MA workflow showed superior overall attractiveness (mean difference 2.15 ± 1.33), pragmatic quality (mean difference 1.90 ± 1.16), and hedonic quality (mean difference 2.41 ± 1.62; all p < .001). The user acceptance measured by the UTAUT (mean 4.49 ± 0.41; min. 1, max. 5) was also high. Performance expectancy (beta = 0.57, p = .02) and effort expectancy (beta = 0.36, p = .04) were identified as predictors of acceptance, the full predictive model explained 65.4% of its variance. Point-of-care mHealth solutions using innovative technology such as speech-recognition seem to address the users’ needs and to offer higher usability in comparison to conventional technology. Implementation of user-centered mHealth innovations might therefore help to facilitate physicians’ daily work.
Synthesizing explainable counterfactual policies for algorithmic recourse with program synthesis
Authors: De Toni Giovanni , Lepri Bruno , Passerini Andrea 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBeing able to provide counterfactual interventions—sequences of actions we would have had to take for a desirable outcome to happen—is essential to explain how to change an unfavourable decision by a black-box machine learning model (e.g., being denied a loan request). Existing solutions have mainly focused on generating feasible interventions without providing explanations of their rationale. Moreover, they need to solve a separate optimization problem for each user. In this paper, we take a different approach and learn a program that outputs a sequence of explainable counterfactual actions given a user description and a causal graph. We leverage program synthesis techniques, reinforcement learning coupled with Monte Carlo Tree Search for efficient exploration, and rule learning to extract explanations for each recommended action. An experimental evaluation on synthetic and real-world datasets shows how our approach, FARE (eFficient counterfActual REcourse), generates effective interventions by making orders of magnitude fewer queries to the black-box classifier with respect to existing solutions, with the additional benefit of complementing them with interpretable explanations.
The uptake of selenium by perennial ryegrass in soils of different organic matter contents receiving sheep excreta
Authors: Kao Pei-Tzu , Buss Heather L. , McGrath Steve P. , Darch Tegan , Warren Helen E. , Lee Michael R. F. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background and aims
The intake of selenium, an essential element for animals and humans, in ruminants is largely determined by selenium concentration in ingested forages, which take up selenium mainly from soil. Ruminant excreta is a common source of organic fertilizer, which provides both nutrients and organic matter. This study aims to unentangle the unclear effect of applying different types of ruminant excreta in soils of different organic matter contents on selenium uptake by forage.

Methods
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was grown in soils of different organic matter contents. Urine and/or feces collected from sheep fed with organic or inorganic mineral supplements, including selenium, were applied to the soils. The selenium in the collected samples were analyzed using ICP-MS. The associated biogeochemical reactions were scrutinized by wet chemistry.

Results
The application of urine and/or feces resulted in either the same or lower selenium concentrations in perennial ryegrass. The excreta type did not affect total selenium accumulation in grass grown in low organic matter soil, whereas in high organic matter soil, feces resulted in significantly lower total selenium accumulation than urine, which was attributed to a possible interaction of selenium sorption in soil and microbial reduction of Se.

Conclusion
This one-time excreta application did not increase, but further decrease in some treatments, selenium concentration and accumulation in the perennial ryegrass. Consequently, to increase ruminant selenium intake, supplementing selenium directly to animals is more recommended than applying animal manure to soil, which might drive selenium reduction and decrease selenium uptake by grass.
Extragalactic Science with the Orbiting Astronomical Satellite Investigating Stellar Systems (OASIS) Observatory
Authors: Aalto Susanne , Battersby Cara , Chin Gordon , Hunt Leslie K. , Rigopoulou Dimitra , Stark Antony A. , Viti Serena , Walker Christopher K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Orbiting Astronomical Satellite for Investigating Stellar Systems (OASIS), a proposed Astrophysics MIDEX-class mission concept, has an innovative 14-meter diameter inflatable primary mirror that will provide the sensitivity to study far-infrared continuum and line emission from galaxies at all redshifts with high spectral resolution heterodyne receivers. OASIS will have the sensitivity to follow the water trail from galaxies to the comets that create oceans. It will bring an understanding of the role of water in galaxy evolution and its part of the oxygen budget, by measuring water emission from local to intermediate redshift galaxies, observations that have not been possible from the ground. Observation of the ground-state HD line will accurately measure gas mass in a wide variety of astrophysical objects. Thanks to its exquisite spatial resolution and sensitivity, OASIS will, during its one-year baseline mission, detect water in galaxies with unprecedented statistical significance. This paper reviews the extragalactic science achievable and planned with OASIS.
Time series analysis acceleration with advanced vectorization extensions
Authors: Quislant Ricardo , Fernandez Ivan , Gutierrez Eladio , Plata Oscar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTime series analysis is an important research topic and a key step in monitoring and predicting events in many fields. Recently, the Matrix Profile method, and particularly two of its Euclidean-distance-based implementations—SCRIMP and SCAMP—have become the state-of-the-art approaches in this field. Those algorithms bring the possibility of obtaining exact motifs and discords from a time series, which can be used to infer events, predict outcomes, detect anomalies and more. While matrix profile is embarrassingly parallelizable, we find that auto-vectorization techniques fail to fully exploit the SIMD capabilities of modern CPU architectures. In this paper, we develop custom-vectorized SCRIMP and SCAMP implementations based on AVX2 and AVX-512 extensions, which we combine with multithreading techniques aimed at exploiting the potential of the underneath architectures. Our experimental evaluation, conducted using real data, shows a performance improvement of more than 4$$\times$$
×
with respect to the auto-vectorization.
How good is an explanation?
Authors: Glass David H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHow good is an explanation and when is one explanation better than another? In this paper, I address these questions by exploring probabilistic measures of explanatory power in order to defend a particular Bayesian account of explanatory goodness. Critical to this discussion is a distinction between weak and strong measures of explanatory power due to Good (Br J Philos Sci 19:123–143, 1968). In particular, I argue that if one is interested in the overall goodness of an explanation, an appropriate balance needs to be struck between the weak explanatory power and the complexity of a hypothesis. In light of this, I provide a new defence of a strong measure proposed by Good by providing new derivations of it, comparing it with other measures and exploring its connection with information, confirmation and explanatory virtues. Furthermore, Good really presented a family of strong measures, whereas I draw on a complexity criterion that favours a specific measure and hence provides a more precise way to quantify explanatory goodness.
RNA virus discoveries in the electric ant, Wasmannia auropunctata
Authors: Valles Steven M. , Zhao Chaoyang , Rivers Adam R. , Iwata Ryo L. , Oi David H. , Cha Dong H. , Collignon R. Max , Cox Nastassja A. , Morton Gary J. , Calcaterra Luis A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDespite being one of the most destructive invasive species of ants, only two natural enemies are known currently for Wasmannia auropunctata, commonly known as the electric ant or little fire ant. Because viruses can be effective biological control agents against many insect pests, including ants, a metagenomics/next-generation sequencing approach was used to facilitate discovery of virus sequences from the transcriptomes of W. auropunctata. Five new and complete positive sense, single-stranded RNA virus genomes, and one new negative sense, single-stranded RNA virus genome were identified, sequenced, and characterized from W. auropunctata collected in Argentina by this approach, including a dicistrovirus (Electric ant dicistrovirus), two polycipiviruses (Electric ant polycipivirus 1; Electric ant polycipivirus 2), a solinvivirus (Electric ant solinvivirus), a divergent genome with similarity to an unclassified group in the Picornavirales (Electric ant virus 1), and a rhabdovirus (Electric ant rhabdovirus). An additional virus genome was detected that is likely Solenopsis invicta virus 10 (MH727527). The virus genome sequences were absent from the transcriptomes of W. auropunctata collected in the USA (Hawaii and Florida). Additional limited field surveys corroborated the absence of these viruses in regions where the electric ant is invasive (the USA and Australia). The replicative genome strand of four of the viruses (Electric ant polycipivirus 2, Electric ant solinvivirus, Electric ant virus 1, and Solenopsis invicta virus 10 (in the electric ant) was detected in Argentinean-collected W. auropunctata indicating that the ant is a host for these viruses. These are the first virus discoveries to be made from W. auropunctata.
Climate Change in the Mediterranean Basin (Part II): A Review of Challenges and Uncertainties in Climate Change Modeling and Impact Analyses
Authors: Noto L. V. , Cipolla G. , Pumo D. , Francipane A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Mediterranean basin is particularly prone to climate change and vulnerable to its impacts. One of the most relevant consequences of climate change, especially for the southern Mediterranean regions, is certainly water scarcity as result of a reduction of surface runoff and groundwater levels. Despite the progress achieved in recent years in the field of climate change and its impact on water resources, results and outcomes should be treated with due caution since any future climate projection and derived implications are inevitably affected by a certain degree of uncertainty arising from each different stage of the entire modeling chain. This work offers a comprehensive overview of recent works on climate change in the Mediterranean basin, mainly focusing on the last ten years of research. Past and future trends on different components of the hydrological balance are discussed in a companion paper (Noto et al. 2022), while the present paper focuses on the problem of water availability and water scarcity. In addition, the work aims to discuss the most relevant sources of uncertainty related to climate change with the aim to gain awareness of climate change impact studies interpretation and reliability.
Evaluation of the correlation between multiple organ calcification on CT and disease severity in patients with TAFRO syndrome
Authors: Kano Rui , Igarashi Takao , Kikuchi Ryo , Ojiri Hiroya , Katsube Atsushi , Yano Shingo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of multiple organ calcification and the correlation between multiple organ calcification and clinical severity in patients with thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis, renal dysfunction, and organomegaly (TAFRO) syndrome.

Methods
We retrospectively identified 13 patients with TAFRO syndrome who were treated at our hospital between February 2019 and March 2021. Computed tomography (CT) images of TAFRO patients, which were acquired at admission and one month after admission, were evaluated. Additionally, clinical and laboratory data related to organ calcification and severity classification of TAFRO syndrome were investigated. The correlation between the presence of organ calcification on CT and TAFRO syndrome-severity classification was evaluated.

Results
One month after admission, calcification of the myocardium, adrenal glands, gallbladder wall, pancreas, kidney, skeletal muscle, and skin were observed in 38%, 46%, 15%, 15%, 15%, 23%, and 15% of the thirteen patients, respectively. The occurrence rate of calcifications in the myocardium, adrenal glands, and skeletal muscle was significantly higher in patients with a grade 4 or higher clinical severity than in those with a level up to grade 3 (p = 0.001, p = 0.005, and p = 0.035, respectively).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the higher the clinical severity in patients with TAFRO syndrome, the higher is the frequency of calcification in the myocardium, adrenal glands, and skeletal muscle; therefore, the assessment of these organ calcifications on CT images may be useful in predicting the severity of TAFRO syndrome.
Relationship Between Thermal Conductivity and Tensile Strength in Cast Irons
Authors: Fourlakidis Vasilios , Hernando Juan Carlos , Holmgren Daniel , Diószegi Attila 
Published: February 2023

AbstractImproved mechanical and thermal properties are important characteristics for enhancing the performance of cast iron components that operate at elevated temperatures. Thermal conductivity defines the temperature distribution within the casting and influences the magnitude of the thermally induced tensile stresses. The microstructural features that increase the thermal conductivity have a negative impact on tensile strength. The results reported in this work show that there is a unique inverse relationship between thermal conductivity and tensile strength, valid for the whole range of cast iron alloys regardless of graphite form, solidification rates, carbon content and matrix constituents. The finding indicates the challenges for the simultaneous improvement of these properties, and it can be utilized as a guideline during the design of cast iron components for high temperature applications.
Entscheidungsfindung und Einfluss bei Fridays for Future – Zur Rolle von Basisdemokratie, Hierarchien und Expertise
Authors: Mucha Witold , Soßdorf Anna , Ferschinger Laura , Burgi Viktor , Krach Philipp 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Unterschied zur bisherigen Forschung über Fridays for Future, die sich vornehmlich mit der Genese, Mobilisierung und dem Framing der sozialen Bewegung beschäftigt, stehen deren interne Entscheidungsprozesse im Mittelpunkt des Aufsatzes: Wie werden Entscheidungen in der dezentral organisierten Bewegung getroffen und welche Faktoren haben dabei besonderen Einfluss? Auf Basis eines Mehrmethodendesigns, das sich Beobachtungen, Interviews und einer Online-Umfrage bedient, kommt die Studie zu drei Ergebnissen. Erstens bewegen sich Entscheidungsdynamiken insbesondere auf Bundesebene im Spannungsfeld zwischen basisdemokratischen Grundprinzipien auf der einen und dem Primat effizienter Prozesse auf der anderen Seite. Zweitens herrschen informelle Hierarchien innerhalb der verschiedenen Ebenen vor, die sowohl positiv als auch negativ von den Mitgliedern bewertet werden. Drittens nimmt der Einfluss auf Entscheidungen zu je erfahrener, kompetenter und besser vernetzt Aktivist:innen sind. Die Implikationen der Ergebnisse für anknüpfende Forschung im Bereich der Theorien der Sozialen Bewegungen sind zweierlei. Zum einen wird deutlich, dass eine Organisation wie Fridays for Future unabhängig der dezentralen Autonomie ihrer über 500 Ortsgruppen auch nach über drei Jahren seit ihrer Gründung entscheidungs- und mobilisierungsfähig geblieben ist. Im Vergleich zu anderen sozialen Bewegungen beweist Fridays for Future hinsichtlich ihres Wirkungsradius und ihrer Mitgliederstärke somit eine erstaunliche Resilienz. Zum anderen zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass es trotz einer beachtlichen Formalisierung und Differenzierung auf Seiten der Basis durchaus Unmut über Machtasymmetrien gegenüber den Entscheidungen auf Bundesebene gibt. Die Ergebnisse fußen auf einem Citizen-Science-Projekt, das etablierte Aktivist:innen der Bewegung mit Wissenschaftler:innen zusammenbrachte. Die Kooperation ermöglichte den exklusiven Zugang zu den Entscheidungsforen der Kernmitglieder.
Long COVID – eine neue Herausforderung in der Medizin: Fokus auf Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit
Authors: Han Emilie , Gyöngyösi Mariann 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungLong COVID wurde als eine neue Multiorganerkrankung beschrieben, die bei Frauen häufiger auftritt als bei Männern. Schwangere und stillende Frauen sind eine spezielle Untergruppe von Patienten, die bei einer Long-COVID-Erkrankung zu berücksichtigen sind, da bisher die Datenlage nur gering ausfällt. Menstruationsveränderungen werden häufig während oder nach einer akuten Erkrankung mit dem Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) beobachtet. Einige Studien stellen zudem einen Zusammenhang zwischen geringen Veränderungen der Zykluslänge und einer COVID-Impfung dar. Schwangere Frauen, die eine symptomatische Infektion mit dem schweren-akuten-Atemwegssyndrom-Coronavirus Typ 2 (SARS-CoV‑2) hatten, können ein höheres Risiko für Komplikationen in der Schwangerschaft, wie Frühgeburt oder Präeklampsie, haben. Darüber hinaus sind mehr Studien notwendig, um die Auswirkungen einer vertikalen Übertragung zu beurteilen. Das wirksamste Mittel gegen die Pandemie sind die verfügbaren COVID-Impfstoffe, da sie eine Infektion verhindern, aber auch Long-COVID-Symptome lindern können. Impfstoffe haben sich sowohl bei schwangeren als auch bei stillenden Frauen als sicher und wirksam erwiesen. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, die aktuell verfügbaren Daten zu Long COVID bei schwangeren und stillenden Frauen darzustellen und die Risikofaktoren und therapeutischen Möglichkeiten aufzuzeigen.
The impacts of land cover spatial combination on nighttime light intensity in 2010 and 2020: a case study of Fuzhou, China
Authors: Yuan Yongxin , Chen Zuoqi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs human activities highly depend on the land resources and changed the land cover (LC) condition, the relationship between LC and nighttime light (NTL) intensity has been widely analyzed to support the foundation of NTL applications and help explain the drivers of urban economic development. However, previous studies always paid attention to the effect of each LC type on NTL intensity, with limited consideration of the joint effects of any two LC types. To fill this gap, this study measured the land cover spatial combination (LCSC) by using a spatial adjacency matrix, and then analyzed its impacts on NTL intensity based on an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) regression model with the assistant of sharpley additive explanations (SHAP) method. Our results presented that the LCSC can better (R2 of 82.4% and 98.1% in 2010 and 2020) explain the relationship between LC and NTL intensity with the traditional LC metrics (e.g., area and patch count), since the LCSC is much more sensitive to the diverse land functions. It is noteworthy that the impacts, as well as their dynamics, of LCSC between any two LC types on NTL intensity are various. LCSC associated with artificial surface contributed more to NTL intensity. In detail, the LCSC of water/wetland and artificial surface can increasingly promote the NTL intensity while the LCSC of grassland/forest and artificial surface has a decreasing or inverse U-shaped contribution to NTL intensity. Whereas LCSC associated with non-artificial surface were not conducive to the increase in NTL intensity due to high vegetation density. We also provided three implications to help further urbanization process and discussed the applications of LCSC.
Effective characterization of quasi-abelian surfaces
Authors: Mendes Lopes Margarida , Pardini Rita , Tirabassi Sofia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Let V be a smooth quasi-projective complex surface such that the first three logarithmic plurigenera

$\overline P_1(V)$

,

$\overline P_2(V)$

and

$\overline P_3(V)$

are equal to 1 and the logarithmic irregularity

$\overline q(V)$

is equal to

$2$

. We prove that the quasi-Albanese morphism

$a_V\colon V\to A(V)$

is birational and there exists a finite set S such that

$a_V$

is proper over

$A(V)\setminus S$

, thus giving a sharp effective version of a classical result of Iitaka [12].
Liberty, Slavery, and Biography: The Hidden Shapes of Free Speech
Authors: Dabhoiwala Fara 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe first substantive theory of free speech as a secular political right was concocted by two anonymous London journalists, Thomas Gordon and John Trenchard, in their best-selling, endlessly reprinted newspaper column, Cato's Letters (1720–1723). Though its ideals became hugely influential, especially in the American colonies, Trenchard and Gordon's motives and the peculiar biases of their theory remain unexplored. John Locke's theorizing of personal liberty while accepting patriarchy and slavery has been much studied; that of Cato's Letters, a comparably significant text, not at all. Drawing on a wealth of newly discovered materials in British, Caribbean, and American archives, the author explores the telling roles of gender and especially race in early Anglophone ideals of free speech, connecting them to the lived experiences of Gordon, Trenchard, and their shadowy publisher, Elizée Dobrée. The article thus reframes our understanding of one of the most important Anglo-American political works of the eighteenth century, and exemplifies how to approach free speech historically, as both a theory and a practice. Freedom of expression does not simply arise from the lessening of “censorship” and restraint, nor is it ever equally accessible to all. Visibly and invisibly, like every kind of liberty, it always has a particular shape.