bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dark matter production through a non-thermal flavon portal
Authors: Cheek Andrew , Osiński Jacek K. , Roszkowski Leszek , Trojanowski Sebastian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Froggatt-Nielsen (FN) mechanism provides an attractive way of generating the determined fermion mass hierarchy and quark mixing matrix elements in the Standard Model (SM). Here we extend it by coupling the FN field, the flavon, to a dark sector containing one or more dark matter particles which are produced non-thermally sequentially through flavon production. Non-thermal flavon production occurs efficiently via freeze-in and through field oscillations. We explore this in the regime of high-scale breaking Λ of the global U(1)FN group and at the reheating temperature TR ≪ Λ where the flavon remains out of equilibrium at all times. We identify phenomenologically acceptable regions of TR and the flavon mass where the relic abundance of dark matter and other cosmological constraints are satisfied. In the case of one-component dark matter we find an effective upper limit on the FN charges at high Λ, i.e. $$ {Q}_{\textrm{FN}}^{\textrm{DM}}\le 13 $$

Q
FN
DM

≤
13
. In the multi-component dark sector scenario the dark matter can be the heaviest dark particle that can be effectively stable at cosmological timescales, alternatively it can be produced sequentially by decays of the heavier ones. For scenarios where dark decays occur at intermediate timescales, i.e. t ~ 0.1 − 1028 s, we find that existing searches can effectively probe interesting regions of parameter space. These searches include indirect probes on decays such as γ-ray and neutrino telescopes as well as analyses of the Cosmic Microwave Background, as well as constraints on small scale structure formation from the Lyman-α forest. We comment on the future prospects of such probes, place projected sensitivities, and discuss how this scenario could accommodate the cosmological S8 tension.
Landslide Induced Tsunami Hazard at Volcanoes: the Case of Santorini
Authors: Necmioglu Ocal , Heidarzadeh Mohammad , Vougioukalakis Georgios E. , Selva Jacopo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe destructive tsunami on 22 December 2018 due to the flank collapse of the Anak Krakatau volcano was a bitter reminder of large tsunami risks and of the shortcomings of the existing tsunami warning systems for atypical sources (tsunamis generated by non-seismic and complex sources). In the Mediterranean, several tsunamis were generated by landslides associated with volcanic systems in the past.The volcanic unrest experienced in 2011–2012 on the Santorini volcanic island in the Southern Aegean Sea pointed out the need to identify and quantify tsunami hazard and risk due to possible flank instability which may be triggered as a result of volcanic unrest or nearby seismotectonic activities. Inspired from this need, in this study we examined three possible landslide scenarios in Santorini Island with tsunamigenic potential. The results show that the scenarios considered in our study are able to generate significant local tsunamis impacting Santorini and the nearby islands, as well as producing significant impact along the coasts of the Southern Aegean Sea. While maximum tsunami amplitudes/arrival time ranges are 1.2 m/30-90 min for locations in the Greek-Turkish coasts in the far field, they are in the order of ≈60 m/1-2 min for some locations at the Santorini Island. The extreme tsunami amplitudes and short arrival times for locations inside the Santorini Island is a major challenge in terms of tsunami hazard warning and mitigation. As an effort to address this challenge, a discussion on the requirements for local tsunami warning system addressing atypical sources in the context of multi-hazard disaster risk reduction is also provided.
Unexpected longevity, intergenerational policies, and fertility
Authors: Hwang Jisoo , Kim Seok Ki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the dynamic effects of longevity on intergenerational policies and fertility, distinguishing between effects of expected and unexpected longevity gains. Old agents become poorer from unexpected longevity gains than from expected gains, as they cannot prepare (save) for the former in advance. In an overlapping-generations model with means-tested pay-as-you-go social security, we show that young agents reduce their fertility when longevity increases because they need to save more for their old age (“life-cycle effect”), and in the unexpected case, they also need to pay taxes to support the impoverished elderly (“policy effect”). Using cross-country panel data on mortality rates and social expenditure, we find that an unexpected increase in life expectancy at age 65 lowers total fertility rate growth and government family-related spending growth while raising government old-age spending growth.
Identification of antigenic epitopes recognized by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in high grade serous ovarian cancer by multi-omics profiling of the auto-antigen repertoire
Authors: Millar Douglas G. , Yang S. Y. Cindy , Sayad Azin , Zhao Qingchuan , Nguyen Linh T. , Warner Kathrin , Sangster Ami G. , Nakatsugawa Munehide , Murata Kenji , Wang Ben X. , Shaw Patricia , Clarke Blaise , Bernardini Marcus Q. , Pugh Trevor , Thibault Pierre , Hirano Naoto , Perreault Claude , Ohashi Pamela S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImmunotherapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing tumor cell killing by tumor-specific T cells hold great potential for reducing tumor burden and prolonging survival of cancer patients. Although many potential tumor antigens have been described, identifying relevant targets when designing anti-cancer vaccines or targeted cell therapies remains a challenge. To identify novel, potentially immunogenic candidate tumor antigens, we performed integrated tumor transcriptomic, seromic, and proteomic analyses of high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) patient tumor samples. We identified tumor neo-antigens and over-expressed antigens using whole exome and RNA sequencing and examined these in relation to patient-matched auto-antibody repertoires. Focusing on MHC class I epitopes recognized by CD8+ T cells, HLA-binding epitopes were identified or predicted from the highly expressed, mutated, or auto-antibody target antigen, or MHC-associated peptides (MAPs). Recognition of candidate antigenic peptides was assessed within the tumor-infiltrating T lymphocyte (TIL) population expanded from each patient. Known tumor-associated antigens (TAA) and cancer/testis antigens (CTA) were commonly found in the auto-antibody and MAP repertoires and CD8+ TILs recognizing epitopes from these antigens were detected, although neither expression level nor the presence of auto-antibodies correlated with TIL recognition. Auto-antibodies against tumor-mutated antigens were found in most patients, however, no TIL recognition of the highest predicted affinity neo-epitopes was detected. Using high expression level, auto-antibody recognition, and epitope prediction algorithms, we identified epitopes in 5 novel antigens (MOB1A, SOCS3, TUBB, PRKAR1A, CCDC6) recognized by HGSC patient TILs. Furthermore, selection of epitopes from the MAP repertoire identified 5 additional targets commonly recognized by multiple patient TILs. We find that the repertoire of TIL specificities includes recognition of highly expressed and immunogenic self-antigens that are processed and presented by tumors. These results indicate an ongoing autoimmune response against a range of self-antigens targeted by HGSC TILs.
Classification of thoracic spine fractures: the four-column theory
Authors: Aldakheel Dakheel A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to present a classification of thoracic spine fractures based on anatomical and biomechanical characteristics.

Methods
This is a narrative review of the literature.

Results
The classification is based on the relationship between movement and common forces acting on the spine. A mechanistic concept is incorporated into the classification, which considers both movements and the application of forces, leading to pathomorphological characteristics. A hierarchical ranking determines the severity of fractures within the thoracic spine, and treatment recommendations are presented in each category. The fourth column of the spine is incorporated into the classification through direct and indirect mechanisms.

Conclusions
The proposed classification accommodates several advantages, such as simplicity and practicality, that make this classification helpful in daily practice. The dynamic relationship between movement and force provides a better understanding of the fracture mechanism. Finally, incorporating the fourth column will strengthen the indication for surgical management. To the best of our knowledge, this classification is the first classification developed uniquely for the thoracic spine fractures and will help to address a critical gap in the literature.
On the importance of the SrTiO3 template and the electronic contact layer for the integration of phase-pure low hysteretic Pb(Mg0.33Nb0.67)O3-PbTiO3 layers with Si
Authors: Ni Shu , Houwman Evert , Koster Gertjan , Rijnders Guus 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe rapid advent of the piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems (PiezoMEMS) field has created a tremendous demand for low hysteretic piezoelectric thin films on Si. In this work, we present the integration of epitaxial Pb(Mg0.33Nb0.67)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) thin films with Si to enable device fabrication using state of the art methods. With optimized buffer layers and electronic contacts, high-quality low hysteretic PMN-PT thin films are integrated with Si, which is a significant stride towards employing PMN-PT thin film for PiezoMEMS devices. It is found that the processing of the necessary SrTiO3 buffer layer is crucial to achieve the growth of phase-pure perovskite PMN-PT layers on Si. Furthermore, we propose the engineering of the electronic contact for the PMN-PT-on-Si capacitors to obtain low hysteretic polarization and displacement responses.
Clinical outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with dialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease and an analysis of the related influencing factors
Authors: Li Xi-hui , Zhang Si-yu , Xiao Feng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPerioperative and short/mid-term survival rates of dialysis-dependent patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and the factors influencing mortality are not well evaluated In China. We retrospectively analyzed the perioperative and postoperative 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of 53 dialysis-dependent ESRD patients who underwent CABG, and compared the factors related to perioperative mortality and all-cause mortality during the postoperative follow-up. Survival rates were expressed as Kaplan–Meier survival curves, and factors influencing the follow-up survival rates were analyzed using the log rank (Mantel–Cox) test. There were eight perioperative deaths, resulting in 15.1% mortality. Intraoperative intra-aortic balloon pump use (P = 0.01), advanced age (P = 0.0027), and high EuroSCORE II score (P = 0.047) were associated with increased perioperative mortality. Forty-five discharged patients were followed from 2 months to 10 years (median, 4.2 years) postoperatively. There were 19 all-cause deaths, including 10 cardiac deaths (10/19, 52.6%). Comparisons between groups indicated that the presence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) increased mortality during follow-up (P = 0.025); 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 93.3, 79.5, and 66.8%, respectively. The results of the long-rank analysis indicated that the presence of PAD was a risk factor for postoperative survival (log rank χ2 = 4.543; P = 0.033). Dialysis-dependent patients with ESRD had high perioperative mortality and unsatisfactory short- and medium-term survival after CABG. PAD was a risk factor affecting patients’ postoperative survival. Multidisciplinary teamwork is needed to enhance postoperative management and reduce complications, to improve postoperative survival in these patients.
Deep learning-based high-accuracy detection for lumbar and cervical degenerative disease on T2-weighted MR images
Authors: Yi Wei , Zhao Jingwei , Tang Wen , Yin Hongkun , Yu Lifeng , Wang Yaohui , Tian Wei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To develop and validate a deep learning (DL) model for detecting lumbar degenerative disease in both sagittal and axial views of T2-weighted MRI and evaluate its generalized performance in detecting cervical degenerative disease.

Methods
T2-weighted MRI scans of 804 patients with symptoms of lumbar degenerative disease were retrospectively collected from three hospitals. The training dataset (n = 456) and internal validation dataset (n = 134) were randomly selected from the center I. Two external validation datasets comprising 100 and 114 patients were from center II and center III, respectively. A DL model based on 3D ResNet18 and transformer architecture was proposed to detect lumbar degenerative disease. In addition, a cervical MR image dataset comprising 200 patients from an independent hospital was used to evaluate the generalized performance of the DL model. The diagnostic performance was assessed by the free-response receiver operating characteristic (fROC) curve and precision–recall (PR) curve. Precision, recall, and F1-score were used to measure the DL model.

Results
A total of 2497 three-dimension retrogression annotations were labeled for training (n = 1157) and multicenter validation (n = 1340). The DL model showed excellent detection efficiency in the internal validation dataset, with F1-score achieving 0.971 and 0.903 on the sagittal and axial MR images, respectively. Good performance was also observed in the external validation dataset I (F1-score, 0.768 on sagittal MR images and 0.837 on axial MR images) and external validation dataset II (F1-score, 0.787 on sagittal MR images and 0.770 on axial MR images). Furthermore, the robustness of the DL model was demonstrated via transfer learning and generalized performance evaluation on the external cervical dataset, with the F1-score yielding 0.931 and 0.919 on the sagittal and axial MR images, respectively.

Conclusion
The proposed DL model can automatically detect lumbar and cervical degenerative disease on T2-weighted MR images with good performance, robustness, and feasibility in clinical practice.
Entropy martingale optimal transport and nonlinear pricing–hedging duality
Authors: Doldi Alessandro , Frittelli Marco 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to develop a duality between a novel entropy martingale optimal transport (EMOT) problem and an associated optimisation problem. In EMOT, we follow the approach taken in the entropy optimal transport (EOT) problem developed in Liero et al. (Invent. Math. 211:969–1117, 2018), but we add the constraint, typical of martingale optimal transport (MOT) theory, that the infimum of the cost functional is taken over martingale probability measures. In the associated problem, the objective functional, related via Fenchel conjugacy to the entropic term in EMOT, is no longer linear as in (martingale) optimal transport. This leads to a novel optimisation problem which also has a clear financial interpretation as a nonlinear subhedging problem. Our theory allows us to establish a nonlinear robust pricing–hedging duality which also covers a wide range of known robust results. We also focus on Wasserstein-induced penalisations and study how the duality is affected by variations in the penalty terms, with a special focus on the convergence of EMOT to the extreme case of MOT.
BPF: a novel cluster boundary points detection method for static and streaming data
Authors: Khalique Vijdan , Kitagawa Hiroyuki , Amagasa Toshiyuki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractData points situated near a cluster boundary are called boundary points and they can represent useful information about the process generating this data. The existing methods of boundary points detection cannot differentiate boundary points from outliers as they are affected by the presence of outliers as well as by the size and density of clusters in the dataset. Also, they require tuning of one or more parameters and prior knowledge of the number of outliers in the dataset for tuning. In this research, a boundary points detection method called BPF is proposed which can effectively differentiate boundary points from outliers and core points. BPF combines the well-known outlier detection method Local Outlier Factor (LOF) with Gravity value to calculate the BPF score. Our proposed algorithm StaticBPF can detect the top-m boundary points in the given dataset. Importantly, StaticBPF requires tuning of only one parameter i.e. the number of nearest neighbors $$(k)$$

(
k
)

and can employ the same $$k$$
k
used by LOF for outlier detection. This paper also extends BPF for streaming data and proposes StreamBPF. StreamBPF employs a grid structure for improving k-nearest neighbor computation and an incremental method of calculating BPF scores of a subset of data points in a sliding window over data streams. In evaluation, the accuracy of StaticBPF and the runtime efficiency of StreamBPF are evaluated on synthetic and real data where they generally performed better than their competitors.
Counterexamples to a divergence lower bound for the covariant derivative of skew-symmetric 2-tensor fields
Authors: Borghini Stefano , Mazzieri Lorenzo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn Hwang and Yun (Ann Glob Anal Geom 62(3):507–532, 2022), an estimate for skew-symmetric 2-tensors was claimed. Soon after, this estimate has been exploited to claim powerful classification results: Most notably, it has been employed to propose a proof of a Black Hole Uniqueness Theorem for vacuum static spacetimes with positive scalar curvature (Xu and Ye in Invent Math 33(2):64, 2022) and in connection with the Besse conjecture (Yun and Hwang in Critical point equation on three-dimensional manifolds and the Besse conjecture). In the present note, we point out an issue in the argument proposed in Hwang and Yun (Ann Glob Anal Geom 62(3):507–532, 2022) and we provide a counterexample to the estimate.
Jaina Narrative Refutations of Kumārila: Relative Chronology and the History of Jaina-Mīmām.sps h1.1sā Dialogues
Authors: Chauhan Seema K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAssigning a date to Kumārila is notoriously difficult. Kumārila’s dates are usually assigned through a relative chronology of Brahmanical and Buddhist philosophers with whom Kumārila engages or is engaged. This is a precarious method because the dates of these interlocutors are equally unstable. But what if in considering systematic dialogues (śāstra) to be the primary medium for interreligious philosophical debate we have missed a source that does engage with Kumārila, and that can be reliably dated? In this article, I turn to a religious group whom, it has been previously thought, did not respond to Kumārila until the eighth century—Jainas—as well as to a genre that is not typically viewed as a site of systematic philosophical dialogue—narrative. I argue that the Padmacarita, a Jaina Rāmāyaṇa composed by a Digambara writer called Raviṣeṇa, contains a narrative refutation of Kumārila’s commentary to Mīmāṃsāsūtra 1.1.2. By bringing to light this refutation, and explaining how Raviṣeṇa’s Padmacarita can be reliably dated, I assign Kumārila’s terminus ante quem to the date of the Padmacarita’s composition, 676 CE. Finally, I suggest that Raviṣeṇa’s Padmacarita is the earliest extant Jaina text to discuss Kumārila’s claims, and that Jainas used narrative to reflect on Mīmāṃsā before they turned to śāstra as another medium for this dialogue.
Reading the sediment archive of the Eastern Campeche Bank (southern Gulf of Mexico): from the aftermath of the Chicxulub impact to Loop Current variability
Authors: Hübscher Christian , Häcker Tobias , Betzler Christian , Kalvelage Claudia , Weiß Benedikt 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis is the first high-resolution seismic study showing how the Chicxulub impact shaped the eastern slope of the Campeche Bank in the south-eastern Gulf of Mexico. The induced shock wave fractured Cretaceous strata causing the collapse of the upper slope and shelf over a length of ca. 200 km. Failed material was either transported downslope or remained in parts on the accommodation space created by the collapsed. In the Cenozoic, the East Campeche Plastered Drift developed within the created accommodation space, controlled by the inflowing surface current from the Caribbean, which forms the Loop Current. The internal reflection configuration of the drift shows that the closure of the Suwannee Strait in the Late Oligocene and the closure of the CAS in the Mid to Late Miocene controlled the variability of the southern Loop Current in time. Since the Loop Current transports heat and moisture from the western Atlantic warm water pool into the North Atlantic and further to NW Europe by the Gulf Stream, the drift represents an archive for controlling factors that influenced climate of the northern hemisphere. This first high-resolution seismic reflection study from the eastern Campeche Bank expands the understanding of destructive processes that a meteorite impact induces into the earth system. Furthermore, these data document that the East Campeche Plastered Drift bears the potential to understand the link between the climate variability of the northern hemisphere and oceanic processes in the equatorial western Atlantic.
Subcritical behaviour of short cylindrical journal bearings under periodic excitation
Authors: Rendl Jan , Byrtus Miroslav , Dyk Štěpán , Smolík Luboš 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRotating machinery supported on journal bearings is affected by forces due to rotating unbalance and pressure gradients in the oil film. The interaction of these forces can evoke nonlinear behaviour, including asynchronous motion and even chaos. This work attempts to characterise the sub-synchronous motion of the rigid rotor supported on cylindrical journal bearings due to the abovementioned interaction. The analysis focuses on the rotor behaviour at the rotor speeds lower than the threshold speed for oil whirl, associated with sub-synchronous vibration of magnitude equaling the bearing clearance. It is shown that the sub-synchronous vibration can occur well before reaching the threshold speed and that the underlying period-doubling bifurcation depends on the amount of the rotating unbalance. The rotor response and stability are analysed using a numerical continuation method employing the infinitely short journal bearing model. Continuation results are further validated by time simulations which utilise the finite difference method to compute the hydrodynamic forces. The validation process employs bifurcation diagrams, Poincaré sections and numerical estimates of the largest Lyapunov exponents.