bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjusting the british triage system for dental care in South Korean correctional institutions: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hwang Ilkwang , Song YoungHa , Park Hee-Kyung 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The oral health status of inmates in South Korean correctional institutions is poor, mainly due to limited resources and an unestablished triage system. Hence, this study aimed to develop a newly structured dental triage system for South Korean correctional institutions, using the British triage system as a reference.

Methods
This study included 32 public health dentists working at correctional institutions in South Korea in 2020, accounting for the entire population of public health dentists that year. Data on the dentists’ evaluation of resources and perceptions of dental service items were collected using a self-administered online survey including 19 dental service items from the British triage system to assess the level of agreement on dental triage items. All responses were recorded within 1 week of request, and a hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to develop a new dental triage system.

Results
The survey included 31 respondents working at 47 correctional institutions; 16, 14, and one respondent provided dental services at one, two, and three institutions, respectively. Among the correctional institutions, 2%, 74%, and 23% were the National Forensic Hospital, prisons, and detention centres, respectively. The hierarchical cluster analysis identified four adjusted dental triage categories: emergency, urgent, routine, and checkups, mainly in accordance with those in the British system, but a few items were reallocated. The new dental triage system was compared to the existing system and found to have higher specificity and sensitivity, indicating that it may be more effective at meeting the oral health needs of inmates in South Korean correctional institutions.

Conclusions
This study developed a newly structured dental triage system by adjusting the British system and evaluated its efficacy compared to the existing system. The new system may help improve the oral health status of inmates in South Korean correctional institutions by providing a more organized approach to dental care provision.
Scanning accuracy of an intraoral scanner according to different inlay preparation designs
Authors: Park Yeri , Kim Jae-Hoon , Park Jeong-Kil , Son Sung-Ae 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe accuracy of intraoral scanning plays a crucial role in the workflow of computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacturing. However, data regarding scanning accuracy for inlay preparation designs are lacking. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of the depth of the occlusal cavity and width of the gingival floor of the proximal box on the trueness and precision of intraoral scans for inlay restoration.MethodsArtificial teeth were used in this study. Four types of preparations for mesio-occlusal inlay were performed on each #36 artificial tooth depending on two different depths of the occlusal cavity (1 mm and 2 mm) and widths of the gingival floor of the proximal box (1.5 mm and 2.5 mm). Artificial teeth were scanned 10 times each with Cerec Primescan AC, and another scan was performed subsequently with a laboratory scanner as a reference (n = 10). Standard tessellation language files were analyzed using a three-dimensional analysis software program. Experimental data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and the Bonferroni multiple comparison test.ResultsThe narrow shallow group had significantly higher deviation values for trueness than the wide deep group (p < 0.05). The wide deep group had the lowest average deviation value for trueness and there was no significant difference between the narrow deep and wide shallow groups (p > 0.05). For the mean maximum positive deviation, the wide groups had significantly lower values than the narrow groups (p < 0.05). Trueness was affected by both the width and depth(p < 0.05), whereas the mean maximum positive deviation was affected by the width (p < 0.05). The mean maximum negative deviation was affected by all three factors (p < 0.05). Precision was affected by the depth and the interaction between the depth of the occlusal cavity and width of the gingival floor (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe design of different inlay cavity configurations affected the accuracy of the digital intraoral scanner. The highest average deviation for trueness was observed in the narrow shallow group and the lowest in the wide deep group. With regard to precision, the narrow shallow group showed the lowest average deviation, and the narrow deep group showed highest value.
Short-term prognostic models for severe acute kidney injury patients receiving prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy based on machine learning
Authors: Wei Wenqian , Cai Zhefei , Chen Lei , Yuan Weijie , Fan Yingle , Rong Shu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
As an effective measurement for severe acute kidney injury (AKI), the prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy (PIRRT) received attention. Also, machine learning has advanced and been applied to medicine. This study aimed to establish short-term prognosis prediction models for severe AKI patients who received PIRRT by machine learning.

Methods
The hospitalized AKI patients who received PIRRT were assigned to this retrospective case-control study. They were grouped based on survival situation and renal recovery status. To screen the correlation, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, partial ETA square, and chi-square test were applied, eight machine learning models were used for training.

Results
Among 493 subjects, the mortality rate was 51.93% and the kidney recovery rate was 30.43% at 30 days post-discharge, respectively. The indices related to survival were Sodium, Total protein, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Phosphorus, Thrombin time, Liver cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease stage, number of vital organ injuries, and AKI stage, while Sodium, Total protein, LDH, Phosphorus, Thrombin time, Diabetes, peripherally inserted central catheter and AKI stage were selected to predict the 30-day renal recovery. Naive Bayes has a good performance in the prediction model for survival, Random Forest has a good performance in 30-day renal recovery prediction model, while for 90-day renal recovery prediction model, it’s K-Nearest Neighbor.

Conclusions
Machine learning can not only screen out indicators influencing prognosis of AKI patients receiving PIRRT, but also establish prediction models to optimize the risk assessment of these people. Moreover, attention should be paid to serum electrolytes to improve prognosis.
Perception and usage of short-term prednisone and prednisolone in dogs
Authors: Gober Margaret , Hillier Andrew 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Corticosteroids are widely used with low rates of reported side effects and a broad level of comfort in the hands of most veterinarians. With a low side effect reporting level of < 5% and high level of comfort there may be complacency and underestimation of the impact side effects of corticosteroids may have on a pet and pet owner.

Objective
The objective of this clinical study was to describe the experience and perception of an owner who administered anti-inflammatory doses of oral prednisolone and prednisone to their dog for up to 14 days. We hypothesized dogs receiving anti-inflammatory doses of prednisone and prednisolone would experience much greater rates of side effects by day 14 then reported in current literature.

Animals
There were 45 dogs initially enrolled in the study.

Results
At each study point, 31 owners provided results. On day 5, 74% (23/31) reported at least 1 change in their dog’s behavior including polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, polypnea and/or increased vocalization, with 11 individuals (35%) reporting these changes greatly increased. On day 14, 90% of owners (28/31) reported at least 1 change in their dog’s behavior including polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and/or polypnea as the most common changes noted. Overall, 61% (19/31) of owners reported an increase in filling of the water bowl over baseline and one-third (11/31) of pet owners reported cleaning up urinary accidents for pets who had been continent prior to the start of the study. Pet owner steroid satisfaction remained high through day 14 at 4.5/5 (1 = very unsatisfied, 5 = very satisfied).

Conclusion
This study highlights the impact short term anti-inflammatory doses of prednisone or prednisolone have on dog behaviour and confirms our hypothesis that by day 14, 90% of dogs experienced one or more behaviour changes, with polyuria and polydipsia most commonly reported. Adverse events were noted regardless of starting dosage or regimen. Although most pet owners expressed satisfaction with steroid treatment due to its high efficacy, 70% would select a more costly treatment if that treatment had fewer side effects.
Finding the priority and cluster of inflammatory biomarkers for infectious preterm birth: a systematic review
Authors: Li Jiayi , Ge Jianrong , Ran Na , Zheng Changwu , Fang Yumeng , Fang Danna , Yang Qian , Ma Yeling 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInfectious preterm birth (PTB) is one of the most important causes of perinatal death. It is difficult to find reliable biomarkers accurate to gestational weeks for infectious PTB prediction clinically. Infectious PTB is found usually accompanied with immune imbalance. Thus, the systematic study to find the priority of inflammatory biomarkers and innovative inflammatory clusters for infectious PTB prediction is urgently needed.This systematic study that focused on the inflammatory clusters and infectious PTB in the PubMed database was analyzed by using the criteria of the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study design (PICOS) framework according to the recommendations of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA).The network meta-analyzed results showed that the prioritization of the inflammatory factors for infectious PTB prediction is soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNFR2) > tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) > interleukin-10 (IL-10) > interleukin-6 (IL-6) > C-reactive protein (CRP) > interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Furthermore, the results also indicated that global consideration of multiple inflammatory factors, such as CRP/IL-1β/IL-6 biomarker cluster in gestational 27–34 weeks, and the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor (TNF/NGF) family during gestational 25–33 weeks, were potential biomarker clusters that specific for infectious PTB prediction.This study systematically pointed out prioritization of the inflammatory factors for infectious PTB prediction. The results also provided evidence that maternal inflammatory clusters can predict infectious PTB occurrence at accurate gestational week. The global consideration of multiple inflammatory factors at accurate gestational age is highlighted.
Using the integration of human resource management strategies at district level to improve workforce performance: analysis of workplan designs in three African countries
Authors: Martineau Tim , Mansour Wesam , Dieleman Marjolein , Akweongo Patricia , Amon Samuel , Chikaphupha Kingsley , Mubiri Paul , Raven Joanna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
There is a worldwide shortage of health workers against WHO recommended staffing levels to achieve Universal Health Coverage. To improve the performance of the existing health workforce a set of integrated human resources (HR) strategies are needed to address the root causes of these shortages. The PERFORM2Scale project uses an action research approach to support district level management teams to develop appropriate workplans to address service delivery and workforce-related problems using a set of integrated human resources strategies. This paper provides evidence of the feasibility of supporting managers at district level to design appropriate integrated workplans to address these problems.

Methods
The study used content analysis of documents including problem trees and 43 workplans developed by 28 district health management teams (DHMT) across three countries between 2018 and 2021 to identify how appropriate basic planning principles and the use of integrated human resource and health systems strategies were used in the design of the workplans developed. Four categories of HR strategies were used for the analysis (availability, direction, competencies, rewards and sanctions) and the relationship between HR and wider health systems strategies was also examined.

Results
About half (49%) of the DHMTs selected service-delivery problems while others selected workforce performance (46%) or general management (5%) problems, yet all workplans addressed health workforce-related causes through integrated workplans. Most DHMTs used a combination of strategies for improving direction and competencies. The use of strategies to improve availability and the use of rewards and sanctions was more common amongst DHMTs in Ghana; this may be related to availability of decision-space in these areas. Other planning considerations such as link between problem and strategy, inclusion of gender and use of indicators were evident in the design of the workplans.

Conclusions
The study has demonstrated that, with appropriate support using an action research approach, DHMTs are able to design workplans which include integrated HR strategies. This process will help districts to address workforce and other service delivery problems as well as improving ‘health workforce literacy' of DHMT members which will benefit the country more broadly if and when any of the team members is promoted.
Vector-delivered artificial miRNA effectively inhibits Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication
Authors: Zhu Tingfan , Qian Jinhan , Shen Zijun , Shao Hongxia , Qian Kun , Jin Wenjie , Qin Aijian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an α-coronavirus that causes highly contagious intestinal infectious disease, involving clinically characterized by diarrhea, dehydration, vomiting, and high mortality to suckling piglets. As a strategy for antiviral therapy, artificial microRNA (amiRNA) mediated suppression of viral replication has recently become increasingly important. In this study, we evaluated the advantages of using an amiRNA vector against PEDV.

Methods
In this study, we evaluated the advantages of using an amiRNA vector against PEDV. We designed two single amiRNA sequences for different conserved sequences of the PEDV S and N genes, and tested their inhibitory effects on PEDV in Vero cells.

Results
It was obvious from the CCK-8 results that the transient transfection of amiRNA was non-toxic to the cells. In addition, our results showed that the transient expression of two amiRNAs (amiRNA-349 and amiRNA-1447) significantly reduced the expression of viral RNA and protein in the cells. The TCID50 results showed that the release of virus particles into the culture supernatant was significantly reduced, with an effect as high as 90%. To avoid virus mutation escape, the above two single amiRNA sequences were tandem in this study (amiRNA-349 + 1447), enabling a single microRNA to be expressed simultaneously. The real-time PCR and Western blot results showed that the inhibitory effect was significantly enhanced in each of the different time periods. The TCID50 results showed that the release of virus particles in the culture supernatant was significantly reduced at the different time periods.

Conclusions
In summary, these results suggest that an RNAi based on amiRNA targeting the conserved region of the virus is an effective method to improve PEDV nucleic acid inhibitors and provide a novel treatment strategy for PEDV infection.
Locality-sensitive bucketing functions for the edit distance
Authors: Chen Ke , Shao Mingfu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundMany bioinformatics applications involve bucketing a set of sequences where each sequence is allowed to be assigned into multiple buckets. To achieve both high sensitivity and precision, bucketing methods are desired to assign similar sequences into the same bucket while assigning dissimilar sequences into distinct buckets. Existingk-mer-based bucketing methods have been efficient in processing sequencing data with low error rates, but encounter much reduced sensitivity on data with high error rates. Locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) schemes are able to mitigate this issue through tolerating the edits in similar sequences, but state-of-the-art methods still have large gaps.ResultsIn this paper, we generalize the LSH function by allowing it to hash one sequence into multiple buckets. Formally, a bucketing function, which maps a sequence (of fixed length) into a subset of buckets, is defined to be$$(d_1, d_2)$$(d1,d2)-sensitive if any two sequences within an edit distance of$$d_1$$d1are mapped into at least one shared bucket, and any two sequences with distance at least$$d_2$$d2are mapped into disjoint subsets of buckets. We construct locality-sensitive bucketing (LSB) functions with a variety of values of$$(d_1,d_2)$$(d1,d2)and analyze their efficiency with respect to the total number of buckets needed as well as the number of buckets that a specific sequence is mapped to. We also prove lower bounds of these two parameters in different settings and show that some of our constructed LSB functions are optimal.ConclusionThese results lay the theoretical foundations for their practical use in analyzing sequences with high error rates while also providing insights for the hardness of designing ungapped LSH functions.
Radiological evidence of rapid growth acceleration of a small part solid nodule found to be large-cell carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Lu Yunwei , Sun Zewen , Li Hao , Chen Xiaofeng , Li Yun , Sun Lina , Yang Fan , Jiang Guanchao , Zhou Jian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
With the widespread use of low-dose computed tomography for lung cancer screening, the detection rate of pulmonary lesions manifesting as ground-glass opacities (GGOs) has been increasing dramatically. The volume doubling time (VDT) has been introduced in clinical practice to monitor the potential growth rate of GGOs during long-term follow-up periods.

Case presentation
A 72-year-old never-smoker female diagnosed with mixed GGO manifested abruptly accelerated growth with sudden decreased VDT from 400 to 36 days. A thoracoscopic left lower lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection was performed, and the diagnosis was stage IB large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC). Next-generation sequencing of the tumor highlights an EML4-ALK gene fusion.

Conclusions
The LCNEC may present as GGO with longer VDT in the early stage. VDT should calculate by the whole size either on the entire tumor diameter or on consolidation diameter. It is recommended that meticulous long-term follow-up with dynamic VDT monitoring may help select high-risk GGOs performing timely semi-elective surgical resection in clinical practice.
C1ql1-Bai3 signaling is necessary for climbing fiber synapse formation in mature Purkinje cells in coordination with neuronal activity
Authors: Aimi Takahiro , Matsuda Keiko , Yuzaki Michisuke 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChanges in neural activity induced by learning and novel environments have been reported to lead to the formation of new synapses in the adult brain. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not well understood. Here, we show that Purkinje cells (PCs), which have established adult-type monosynaptic innervation by climbing fibers (CFs) after elimination of weak CFs during development, can be reinnervated by multiple CFs by increased expression of the synaptic organizer C1ql1 in CFs or Bai3, a receptor for C1ql1, in PCs. In the adult cerebellum, CFs are known to have transverse branches that run in a mediolateral direction without forming synapses with PCs. Electrophysiological, Ca2+-imaging and immunohistochemical studies showed that overexpression of C1ql1 or Bai3 caused these CF transverse branches to elongate and synapse on the distal dendrites of mature PCs. Mature PCs were also reinnervated by multiple CFs when the glutamate receptor GluD2, which is essential for the maintenance of synapses between granule cells and PCs, was deleted. Interestingly, the effect of GluD2 knockout was not observed in Bai3 knockout PCs. In addition, C1ql1 levels were significantly upregulated in CFs of GluD2 knockout mice, suggesting that endogenous, not overexpressed, C1ql1-Bai3 signaling could regulate the reinnervation of mature PCs by CFs. Furthermore, the effects of C1ql1 and Bai3 overexpression required neuronal activity in the PC and CF, respectively. C1ql1 immunoreactivity at CF-PC synapses was reduced when the neuronal activity of CFs was suppressed. These results suggest that C1ql1-Bai3 signaling may mediate CF synaptogenesis in mature PCs, potentially in concert with neuronal activity.
Exploring association of melanoma-specific Bcl-xL with tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Lucianò Anna Maria , Di Martile Marta , Pérez-Oliva Ana B. , Di Caprio Marica , Foddai Maria Laura , Buglioni Simonetta , Mulero Victoriano , Del Bufalo Donatella 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Macrophages take center stage in the tumor microenvironment, a niche composed of extracellular matrix and a heterogeneous group of cells, including immune ones. They can evolve during tumor progression and acquire Tumor-Associated Macrophage (TAMs) phenotype. The release of cytokines by tumor and stromal cells, influence the secretion of cytokines by TAMs, which can guarantee tumor progression and influence the response to therapy. Among all factors able to recruit and polarize macrophages, we focused our attention on Bcl-xL, a multifaceted member of the Bcl-2 family, whose expression is deregulated in melanoma. It acts not only as a canonical pro-survival and anti-apoptotic protein, but also as a promoter of tumor progression.

Methods
Human melanoma cells silencing or overexpressing Bcl-xL protein, THP-1 monocytic cells and monocyte-derived macrophages were used in this study. Protein array and specific neutralizing antibodies were used to analyze cytokines and chemokines secreted by melanoma cells. qRT-PCR, ELISA and Western Blot analyses were used to evaluate macrophage polarization markers and protein expression levels. Transwell chambers were used to evaluate migration of THP-1 and monocyte-derived macrophages. Mouse and zebrafish models were used to evaluate the ability of melanoma cells to recruit and polarize macrophages in vivo.

Results
We demonstrated that melanoma cells overexpressing Bcl-xL recruit macrophages at the tumor site and induce a M2 phenotype. In addition, we identified that interleukin-8 and interleukin-1β cytokines are involved in macrophage polarization, and the chemokine CCL5/RANTES in the macrophages recruitment at the tumor site. We also found that all these Bcl-xL-induced factors are regulated in a NF-kB dependent manner in human and zebrafish melanoma models.

Conclusions
Our findings confirmed the pro-tumoral function of Bcl-xL in melanoma through its effects on macrophage phenotype.