bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic syndrome is associated with similar long-term prognosis in those living with and without obesity: an analysis of 45 615 patients from the nationwide LIPIDOGRAM 2004–2015 studies
Authors: Osadnik Kamila , Osadnik Tadeusz , Gierlotka Marek , Windak Adam , Tomasik Tomasz , Mastej Mirosław , Kuras Agnieszka , Jóźwiak Kacper , Penson Peter E , Lip Gregory Y H , Mikhailidis Dimitri P , Toth Peter P , Catapano Alberico L , Ray Kausik K , Howard George , Tomaszewski Maciej , Charchar Fadi J , Sattar Naveed , Williams Bryan , MacDonald Thomas M , Banach Maciej , Jóźwiak Jacek 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aims
We aimed to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and long-term all-cause mortality.

Methods and results
The LIPIDOGRAM studies were carried out in the primary care in Poland in 2004, 2006, and 2015. MetS was diagnosed based on the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III), and Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria. The cohort was divided into four groups: non-obese patients without MetS, obese patients without MetS, non-obese patients with MetS, and obese patients with MetS. Differences in all-cause mortality were analysed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses. A total of 45 615 participants were enrolled (mean age 56.3, standard deviation: 11.8 years; 61.7% female). MetS was diagnosed in 14 202 (31%) by NCEP/ATP III criteria and 17 216 (37.7%) by JIS criteria. Follow-up was available for 44 620 (97.8%, median duration 15.3 years) patients. MetS was associated with increased mortality risk among the obese {hazard ratio, HR: 1.88 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.79–1.99] and HR: 1.93 [95% CI 1.82–2.04], according to NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria, respectively} and non-obese individuals [HR: 2.11 (95% CI 1.85–2.40) and 1.7 (95% CI 1.56–1.85) according to NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria, respectively]. Obese patients without MetS had a higher mortality risk than non-obese patients without MetS [HR: 1.16 (95% CI 1.10–1.23) and HR: 1.22 (95% CI 1.15–1.30), respectively in subgroups with NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria applied].

Conclusions
MetS is associated with increased all-cause mortality risk in non-obese and obese patients. In patients without MetS, obesity remains significantly associated with mortality. The concept of metabolically healthy obesity should be revised.
Internal validation of an improved system for forensic application: a 41-plex Y-STR panel
Authors: Chai Siyu , Li Min , Tao Ruiyang , Xia Ruocheng , Kong Qianqian , Qu Yiling , Chen Liqin , Liu Shiquan , Li Chengtao , Chen Pengyu , Zhang Suhua 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) have a unique role in forensic investigation. However, low–medium mutating Y-STRs cannot meet the requirements for male lineage differentiation in inbred populations, whereas rapidly mutating (RM) high-resolution Y-STRs might cause unexpected exclusion of paternal lineages. Thus, combining Y-STRs with low and high mutation rates helps to distinguish male individuals and lineages in family screening and analysis of genetic relationships. In this study, a novel 6-dye, 41-plex Y-STR panel was developed and validated, which included 17 loci from the Yfiler kit, nine RM Y-STR loci, 15 low–medium mutating Y-STR loci, and three Y-InDels. Developmental validation was performed for this panel, including size precision testing, stutter analysis, species specificity analysis, male specificity testing, sensitivity testing, concordance evaluation, polymerase chain reaction inhibitors analysis, and DNA mixture examination. The results demonstrated that the novel 41-plex Y-STR panel, developed in-house, was time efficient, accurate, and reliable. It showed good adaptability to directly amplify a variety of case-type samples. Furthermore, adding multiple Y-STR loci significantly improved the system’s ability to distinguish related males, making it highly informative for forensic applications. In addition, the data obtained were compatible with the widely used Y-STR kits, facilitating the search and construction of population databases. Moreover, the addition of Y-Indels with short amplicons improves the analyses of degraded samples.

Key Points
Defer or Revise? Horizontal Dialogue Between UN Treaty Bodies and Regional Human Rights Courts in Duplicative Legal Proceedings
Authors: Galand Alexandre Skander 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
There is no formal hierarchy between, or international rule of precedent applicable to, the three regional human rights systems and the eight UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies with active competence to entertain individual complaints. By scrutinising the practice of duplicative proceedings of UN Treaty Bodies (UNTBs), this article makes the argument that the res judicata and lis pendens principles have not prevented the UNTBs from reviewing cases previously examined by a regional human rights court. In doing so, the case is made that while the UNTBs usually defer to regional courts’ factual and legal findings when analyzing cases with the same parties, substantive rights, facts and events, judgments that apply the margin of appreciation doctrine are much more at risk of being revised and contradicted by UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies. Distinct opportunities for horizontal dialogue between UNTBs and regional human rights courts are thus opened.
Dictionary Skills in Teaching English and German as a Foreign Language in Hungary: A Questionnaire Study
Authors: Márkus Katalin P , Fajt Balázs , Dringó-Horváth Ida 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the dictionary use of graduates in English and German as well as their attitudes towards teaching and learning dictionary skills in the classroom. The first section of the paper offers a historical overview of research on dictionary use and dictionary didactics in Hungary. This is followed by the detailed description of the quantitative research, which aims to investigate the participants’ (n=197) self-reported preferences and attitudes regarding dictionary use, their dictionary consultation behaviour, and the role of dictionaries as an aid to language learning and teaching. The research results partly confirm the trends revealed in previous international studies (e.g. increased use of online tools, reluctance to pay for dictionaries, low prestige of teaching dictionary use); they also show that there is a need for dictionary use skills to be taught from an early age and for placing a special emphasis on features and search strategies in the case of digital dictionaries. Based on these findings, the authors plan to design a core ‘dictionary skills’ module (with teaching aids and handbooks), which could be incorporated into a variety of courses in tertiary education.
Ambivalences of Modernity in Contemporary Turkish Sufism: Cemalnur Sargut’s Affective Qur’an Community
Authors: Thaver Tehseen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article engages the thought, career, and public activities of the prominent contemporary female Sufi master in Turkey, Cemalnur Sargut of the Rifaʿi order, to explore the negotiation and transformation of Sufi authority in the Turkish public sphere, permeated by the shadows of modern secular power. By examining the multiple platforms through which Cemalnur disseminates her teachings and the hermeneutic that guides her engagement with the Turkish Sufi tradition, this article offers ethnographic and theoretical insights into the encounter between the tradition of Sufism, female religious authority, and the reach and limits of modern secularity. I argue that through creative strategies of engaging the institutional and technological possibilities of the post-secular present (both in Turkey and globally), Cemalnur and her community have enabled an altogether distinct understanding of the modern—one that is not readily available for liberal secular conceptualization.
Evaluation of HIV-1 antiretroviral drug resistance profiles in the peripheral blood reservoir of successfully treated persons using massive sequencing and viral full genome characterization
Authors: Botelho Ornella M , Basso Rossana P , Da Mota Luisa D , Da Hora Vanusa P , Garrido Marianne M , Machado Elizabeth S , Alves Brunna M , Soares Marcelo A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Antiretroviral therapy has revolutionized HIV treatment, increasing quality and life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH). However, the expansion of treatment has resulted in an increase in antiretroviral-resistant viruses, which can be an obstacle to maintenance of successful ART.

Objectives
This study analysed the genetic composition of the HIV near full-length genome (NFLG) from archived proviruses of PLWH under successful ART, and determined the presence/frequency of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and viral subtype.

Patients and methods
Forty-six PLWH from Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and 40 from Rio Grande (RS) had proviral HIV NFLG PCR-amplified and ultradeep sequenced. The presence/frequency of DRMs were analysed in Geneious. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using PhyML and SimPlot.

Results
All samples included in the study were sequenced and 69 (80.2%) had the HIV NFLG determined. RJ and RS showed a predominance of HIV subtypes B (78.3%) and C (67.5%), respectively. Overall, 168 DRMs were found in 63 (73.3%) samples, and 105 (62.5%) of them were minority variants. Among DRMs, 41 (39.0%) minority variants and 33 (52.4%) variants with frequency above 20.0% in the viral population were able to confer some degree of resistance to at least one drug in use by respective patients, yet no one showed signs of therapeutic failure.

Conclusions
Our study contributes to the understanding of the impact of DRMs on successful therapy and supports the sustainability of combinatorial ART, because all patients maintained their successful treatment despite the high prevalence of DRMs at low (62.5%) or high (37.5%) frequency.
Block-partitioned Rayleigh–Ritz method for efficient eigenpair reanalysis of large-scale finite element models
Authors: Jeong Yeon-Ho , Boo Seung-Hwan , Yim Solomon C 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this manuscript, we propose a new effective method for eigenpair reanalysis of large-scale finite element (FE) models. Our method utilizes the matrix block-partitioning algorithm in the Rayleigh–Ritz approach and expresses the Ritz basis matrix using thousands of block matrices of very small size. To avoid significant computational costs from the projection procedure, we derive a new formulation that uses tiny block computations instead of global matrix computations. Additionally, we present an algorithm that recognizes which blocks are changed in the modified FE model to achieve computational cost savings when computing new eigenpairs. Through selective updating for the recognized blocks, we can effectively construct the new Ritz basis matrix and the new reduced mass and stiffness matrices corresponding to the modified FE model. To demonstrate the performance of our proposed method, we solve several practical engineering problems and compare the results with those of the combined approximation method, the most well-known eigenpair reanalysis method, and ARPACK, an eigenvalue solver embedded in many numerical programs.
Host associations of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides) at deer farms in Florida, USA
Authors: Sloyer Kristin E , Acevedo Carolina , Wisely Samantha M , Burkett-Cadena Nathan D 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Documenting the host use of vector species is important for understanding the transmission dynamics of vector-borne pathogens. Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides) are vectors of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) and bluetongue virus (BTV) worldwide. However, relative to mosquitoes and many other vector groups, host associations of this group are poorly documented. In this study, we used PCR-based bloodmeal analysis to determine species-level host associations of 3,603 blood-engorged specimens belonging to 18 Culicoides species at 8 deer farms in Florida, USA. We used a binomial mixed model with a Bayesian framework to compare the effect of host composition on the feeding patterns of Culicoides spp. and employed the Morisita-Horn Index to investigate the similarity of host use between farms for Culicoides stellifer and Culicoides insignis. Results show that the estimated probability of Culicoides spp. feeding upon white-tailed deer depends on the availability of cattle or exotic game and demonstrates differences in host-feeding selection among species. Culicoides insignis had high host similarity across farms suggesting that its host-use patterns are somewhat conserved. Culicoides stellifer had lower host similarity across farms suggesting that it is a more opportunistic feeder. White-tailed deer are fed upon by many Culicoides species on deer farms in Florida, and while most Culicoides species feed on white-tailed deer, the ratio of white-tailed deer bloodmeals to other bloodmeals is likely influenced by host availability. Culicoides spp. taking a majority of their bloodmeals from farmed white-tailed deer should be assessed for their vector competence for EHDV and BTV.
A population-based characterization study of &#x2028;anti-mitochondrial M2 antibodies and its consistency with anti-mitochondrial antibodies
Authors: Liang En-yu , Liu Miao , Ke Pei-feng , Han Guang , Zhang Cheng , Deng Li , Wang Yun-xiu , Huang Hui , Huang Wu-jiao , Liu Rui-ping , Li Guo-hua , Wan Ze-min , He Yi-ting , He Min , Huang Xian-zhang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to estimate the prevalence of anti-mitochondrial antibody subtype M2 (AMA-M2) and assess its consistency with AMA in a general population.

Methods
A total of 8954 volunteers were included to screen AMA-M2 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sera with AMA-M2 &gt;50 RU/mL were further tested for AMA using an indirect immunofluorescence assay.

Results
The population frequency of AMA-M2 positivity was 9.67%, of which 48.04% were males and 51.96% were females. The AMA-M2 positivity in males had a peak and valley value of 7.81% and 16.88% in those aged 40 to 49 and ≥70 years, respectively, whereas it showed a balanced age distribution in females. Transferrin and immunoglobulin M were the risk factors for AMA-M2 positivity and exercise was the only protective factor. Of 155 cases with AMA-M2 &gt;50 RU/mL, 25 cases were AMA-positive, with a female-to-male ratio of 5.25:1. Only 2 people, with very high AMA-M2 of 760 and &gt;800 RU/mL, met the diagnostic criteria of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), making the prevalence of PBC 223.36 per million in southern China.

Conclusion
We found that AMA-M2 has a low coincidence rate with AMA in the general population. A new decision-making point for AMA-M2 is needed to improve consistency with AMA and diagnostic accuracy.
Variation in DNA Methylation in Avian Nestlings Is Largely Determined by Genetic Effects
Authors: Sepers Bernice , Chen Rebecca Shuhua , Memelink Michelle , Verhoeven Koen J F , van Oers Kees 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs environmental fluctuations are becoming more common, organisms need to rapidly adapt to anthropogenic, climatic, and ecological changes. Epigenetic modifications and DNA methylation in particular provide organisms with a mechanism to shape their phenotypic responses during development. Studies suggest that environmentally induced DNA methylation might allow for adaptive phenotypic plasticity that could last throughout an organism's lifetime. Despite a number of studies demonstrating environmentally induced DNA methylation changes, we know relatively little about what proportion of the epigenome is affected by environmental factors, rather than being a consequence of genetic variation. In the current study, we use a partial cross-foster design in a natural great tit (Parus major) population to disentangle the effects of common origin from common rearing environment on DNA methylation. We found that variance in DNA methylation in 8,315 CpG sites was explained by a common origin and only in 101 by a common rearing environment. Subsequently, we mapped quantitative trait loci for the brood of origin CpG sites and detected 754 cis and 4,202 trans methylation quantitative trait loci, involving 24% of the CpG sites. Our results indicate that the scope for environmentally induced methylation marks independent of the genotype is limited and that the majority of variation in DNA methylation early in life is determined by genetic factors instead. These findings suggest that there may be little opportunity for selection to act on variation in DNA methylation. This implies that most DNA methylation variation likely does not evolve independently of genomic changes.
Stock Market Stimulus
Authors: Greenwood Robin , Laarits Toomas , Wurgler Jeffrey 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We study the stock market effects of the arrival of the three rounds of “stimulus checks” to U.S. taxpayers and the single round of direct payments to Hong Kong citizens. The first two rounds of U.S. checks appear to have increased retail buying and share prices of retail-dominated portfolios. The Hong Kong payments increased overall turnover and share prices on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. We cannot rule out that these price effects were permanent. The findings raise novel questions about the role of fiscal stimulus in the stock market.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Does remission in systemic lupus erythematosus according to the 2021 DORIS definition match the treating rheumatologist’s judgement?
Authors: Altabás-González Irene , Rúa-Figueroa Íñigo , Rubiño Francisco , Mouriño Coral , Hernández-Rodriguez Íñigo , Menor-Almagro Raúl , Uriarte-Isacelaya Esther , Tomero Eva , Salman-Monte Tarek C , Carrión-Barberá Irene , Galindo-Izquierdo Maria , Rodriguez-Almaraz M Esther , Inês Luís S , Jiménez Norman , Pego-Reigosa José María 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To assess agreement between the 2021 Definition Of Remission In SLE (DORIS) and physician-judged lupus activity.

Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted of data from a Spanish prospective multicentre study of SLE patients. We applied the 2021 DORIS criteria and assessed whether remission status based on this definition agreed with remission as per physician clinical judgement and reasons for disagreement between them.

Results
Out of 508 patients [92% women; mean age (s.d.): 50.4 years (13.7)] studied, 267 (54.4%) met the criteria for 2021 DORIS remission. Based on physicians’ judgement, 277 (55.9%) patients were classified as in remission or serologically active clinically quiescent (SACQ). The overall rate of agreement between these assessments was 81.2% (95% CI: 79.9, 82.9%) with a Cohen’s kappa of 0.62 (0.55–0.69). Overall, 46 (9.1%) patients were classified as in remission/SACQ by rheumatologists but did not meet the 2021 DORIS criteria for remission. The main reasons for discrepancies were a clinical SLE Disease Activity Index (cSLEDAI) score &gt;0 in 39 patients, a Physician Global Assessment score &gt;0.5 in five patients, and prednisone &gt;5 mg/day in another five patients.

Conclusions
The 2021 DORIS remission is an achievable target in clinical practice. There is substantial agreement between the DORIS definition and physician-judged remission. The discordance was mainly due to physicians classifying some patients with ongoing mild disease activity as in remission. Thus, the standardized DORIS definition should be used to define the target in a treat-to-target strategy for the management of SLE.
Outcomes of Open Reduction in Children With Developmental Hip Dislocation: A Multicenter Experience Over a Decade
Authors: Cummings Jason L. , Oladeji Afolayan K. , Rosenfeld Scott , Johnson Megan , Goldstein Rachel , Georgopoulos Gaia , Stephenson Lindsay , White Nathan W. , Hosseinzadeh Pooya 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Open reduction of the hip is commonly performed in children with severe developmental dysplasia of the hip, or in cases that are refractory to nonoperative forms of treatment. The open reduction has been associated with numerous complications including avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head, the need for reoperation, and residual radiographic dysplasia. This study seeks to determine the effects of preoperative severity of dysplasia, associated procedures (femoral and acetabular osteotomies), age on AVN, and the need for reoperation.

Methods:
Children with developmental dysplasia of the hip and a minimum of 2 years of follow-up who underwent open reduction were identified. The following data points were recorded: sex, laterality of hip involvement, simultaneous procedures, surgical approach used, age, acetabular index, and International Hip Dysplasia Institute grade. We analyzed the effects of preoperative International Hip Dysplasia Institute, age, surgical approach (anterior/medial), bilateral reduction, and simultaneous femoral shortening or pelvic osteotomy on the outcomes of AVN and reoperation.

Results:
One hundred eighty-five hips in 149 patients were included in this study with an average follow-up of 4 years (range: 2 to 5 y). The average age at index surgery was 23 months (range: 1 to 121 mo). Overall, 60 hips (32.4%) required secondary surgical procedures at an average age of 58.5 months. High-grade AVN was noted in 24 hips (13.0%) and was found to be associated with the severity of the hip dislocation (P = 0.02). A higher rate of reoperation was found in children over 18 months at the time of open reduction who did not receive an acetabular osteotomy (P = 0.012).

Conclusion:
Approximately 1/3 of patients require another operative intervention within the first 4 years after open reduction of the hip. We found the severity of hip dislocation to be associated with a higher risk of AVN development. These findings support performing an acetabular osteotomy in children over 18 months of age at the time of open reduction to decrease the likelihood of requiring future reoperation during the first 4 years after the index procedure.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Hodgkin lymphoma in Brazil: trends in incidence and mortality over 4 decades
Authors: Silveira Talita Maira Bueno da , Mendonça e Silva Diego Rodrigues , Fernandes Gisele Aparecida , Lucio da Silva Thaina , Curado Maria Paula 
Published: April 2023

Background
In Brazil, there is lack of studies on the incidence and mortality of this malignancy. The aim of this study was to describe the profile of HL in Brazil for incidence, mortality and trends.

Methods
Data on incidence in Brazil were collected from Population-Based Cancer Registries (1988–2017) and mortality for 1979–2019. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated. Average annual percent change was estimated and analyzed in two calendar periods for mortality (1979–1999 and 2000–2019).

Results
Trends in the incidence of HL for males in Brazil declined in two state capitals – Belo Horizonte, −3.7% (95% CI, −7.1 to −0.3); and Salvador, −8.5% (95% CI, −13.0 to −3.8) – and remained stable in other cities. For females, two capitals showed a decrease in incidence: Salvador, −9.5% (95% CI, −15.3 to −3.2) and Porto Alegre, −3.9% (95% CI, −7.0 to −0.8). Mortality rates in males were higher than those in females. However, the decrease in mortality was greater in males, −2.2% (95% CI, −2.5 to −1.8). Age incidence distribution across Brazilian capitals showed a higher incidence among younger (15–30 years) individuals yet no clear incidence among older adults (>60 years).

Conclusion
The incidence trend of HL in Brazil has remained stable. While the mortality has decreased for both sex. Age distribution for mortality in young age and older ages follows the bimodal pattern for Brazil as a whole. Finally, further studies are necessary to understand age incidence distribution of HL in Brazil.