bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a visual dual task on postural stability—A comparative study using linear and nonlinear methods
Authors: Ghamari Narges , Ghaderpanah Rezvan , Sadrian Seyed Hassan , Fallah Nahid 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe dual‐task experimental paradigm is used to study the attentional demands of postural control. Postural control is impaired in poststroke patients, and dual‐task balance studies address the visual needs of postural control in stroke patients. A nonlinear approach can help us understand the overall behavior of the dynamic system.MethodsA total of 20 chronic stroke patients and 20 healthy subjects with similar age, height, and weight participated in this study. The stability and complexity of postural control were assessed using linear and nonlinear methods. All data and parameters (center of pressure [COP] velocity, anteroposterior and mediolateral directions displacement, length of COP path, and phase plane) were analyzed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test.ResultsWhen postural control was examined based on linear analysis, the results showed that the main effect of the group was not significant, but the main impact of position was significant for all parameters of the COP variation (p < 0.05). Examination of postural control based on nonlinear analysis also showed that the main effect of the group was not significant, and the main effect of status was significant only for the parameters of approximate entropy in both directions and short‐term Lyapunov view in the anterior‐posterior direction (p < 0.05).ConclusionAccording to the results of this study, the assessment of postural control and gait performance in poststroke patients, as well as the dual tasks they have to perform in daily life, is crucial for their independence in activities of daily living.
Alarming rise in HIV cases in Pakistan: Challenges and future recommendations at hand
Authors: Aizaz Muhammad , Abbas Farrakh Ali , Abbas Arshad , Tabassum Shehroze , Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that suppresses the immune system by reducing the CD4+ T lymphocytes level. It has become a global challenge with fast prevalence ratio. Like other developing countries, Pakistan is also struggling for overcoming this viral disease since very first reported case in 1987.AimTo update the society on the alarming rise in HIV cases in Pakistan: challenges and future recommendations at hand.Materials and MethodsThe review paper utilized different search engines such pubmed central, scopus, web of science, google scholar etc. to conduct this review paper.ResultsLack of awareness, low literacy rate, practice of unhygienic equipment in healthcare departments, unstable economy, and unsafe sexual practices are the major factors behind the increasing rate of AIDS in Pakistan.ConclusionBy regulating healthcare practices and policies, promoting psychological counseling to HIV positive patients, educating the society and minimizing commercial sex practices, Pakistan can overcome this viral disease.
Irrational use of antibiotics and factors associated with antibiotic resistance: Findings from a cross‐sectional study in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Jamal , Jabin Nasrin , Ahmmed Foyez , Sultana Arifa , Abdur Rahman S. M. , Islam Md. Rabiul 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and aimsIrrational antibiotic (AB) usage poses a serious concern to third‐world countries because of poor surveillance, lack of information, and patients' propensity for self‐medication. Additionally, the unpredictability of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic promoted the abuse of ABs, which accelerated the prevalence of antibiotic resistance (ABR). The primary aim of this study was to assess the pattern of AB usage and irrational use of ABs‐related potential factors associated with ABR among the students and teachers of a leading public university of Bangladesh.MethodsA cross‐sectional web‐based survey was conducted among the students and teachers (n = 783) of the selected university, from January 1 to February 28, 2022. Descriptive statistics, χ2 test, and logistic regression analysis were employed to analyze the collected data.ResultsThe regression analysis supported that male participants had a 34% lower experience of acquiring ABR than female respondents (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.448, 0.973; p = 0.036). The 1st/2nd‐year level students had more than two times higher experience with ABR than the master's or higher‐class students (AOR = 2.149, 95% CI = 1.047, 4.412; p = 0.037). The participants who took ABs for 4–6 days showed more than two times ABR experience than those who took ABs for above 10 days (AOR = 2.016, 95% CI = 1.016, 4.003; p = 0.045). Respondents who finished their AB medication (dose completion) had a 57% less chance of acquiring ABR than the participants who did not complete their dose.ConclusionThis study found that irrational use of ABs is more prevalent among the youth and female participants. At this stage, there is an urgent need for comprehensive statutory AB control rules, as well as measures for appropriate information, education, and surveillance throughout different groups of Bangladesh.
Natural convection laminar flow between two vertical walls with a nonlinear variation of density and viscosity with temperature
Authors: Nagaraja H. G. , Gireesha B. J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUnder the combined influence of buoyancy force and constant pressure gradient, the free convection flow and heat transmission inside a channel placed vertically and consisting of two parallel walls are examined. Through the application of the Runge–Kutta fourth‐order approach and the shooting procedure, the modeled equations of the problem including nonlinear density–temperature and quadratic viscosity–temperature change at constant but different wall temperatures are numerically solved. For distinct values of the embedded parameters, the fluctuations in fluid's velocity and temperature are examined. For various situations of linear, quadratic, and nonlinear dependence of density on temperature, numerical values for heat transmission rate, volume flow rate and skin friction are determined and tabulated. The fluctuations of the Nusselt number with the Grashof number corresponding to thermal expansion coefficients are depicted through graphical interpretations. It was found that the combined effect of thermal expansion coefficients raises the values of the physical entities, Nusselt number, volume flow rate, and heat transmission rate. For the lower Reynolds number values, the Nusselt number value stays around one, indicating the same impact of conduction and convection on heat transmission.
The effect of diet and nutrition on T cell function in cancer
Authors: Zhou Xinyi , Wang Zhen , Yuan Kefei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCancer can be considered one of the most threatening diseases to human health, and immunotherapy, especially T‐cell immunotherapy, is the most promising treatment for cancers. Diet therapy is widely concerned in cancer because of its safety and fewer side effects. Many studies have shown that both the function of T cells and the progression of cancer can be affected by nutrients in the diet. In fact, it is challenging for T cells to infiltrate and eliminate cancer cells in tumor microenvironment, because of the harsh metabolic condition. The intake of different nutrients has a great influence on the proliferation, activation, differentiation and exhaustion of T cells. In this review, we summarize the effects of typical amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates and other nutritional factors on T cell functions and provide future perspectives for dietary treatment of cancer based on modifications of T cell functions.
Does ESG investing pay‐off? An analysis of the Eurozone area before and during the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Asteriou Dimitrios , Pilbeam Keith , Pouliot William 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe examine whether the stock return performance of 620 Eurozone companies based on their environmental, social and governance (ESG) ratings both before and during the Covid‐19 pandemic on both a nominal and risk adjusted basis. We also look at how country level governance indicators interact with our samples of ESGHigh and ESGLow companies to affect both nominal and risk adjusted investment returns. We use both panel data and cross‐sectional regressions as well as the difference‐in‐differences approach to derive the empirical results. We generally find some evidence that highly rated ESG firms performed slightly worse than lower rated ESG both overall and during the pandemic. However, once we control for governance at the country level, we find that in high governance scoring countries ESGHigh companies perform better than ESGLow companies. Finally, when we examine the relative performance of EU companies compared to companies in economies less impacted by the Covid‐19 pandemic, namely South Korea and Australia, we find that during the pandemic, the South Korean and Australian companies performed much better than their counterparts in Europe.
First case report of robot‐assisted radical cystectomy for bladder cancer that developed after salvage radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer
Authors: Oka Suguru , Sakaguchi Kazushige , Hayashida Michikata , Ito Shinji , Kurosawa Kazuhiro , Urakami Shinji 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionRobot‐assisted radical cystectomy for bladder cancer that develops after curative treatment for prostate cancer has not yet been reported.Case presentationA 65‐year‐old man underwent radical prostatectomy and received salvage radiotherapy after his postoperative prostate‐specific antigen level failed to decrease. Nine years after radiotherapy, local recurrence and lung/bone metastases were observed, and he was started on androgen deprivation therapy. In the following year, he was diagnosed with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. He underwent transurethral resection of the bladder tumor once but had multiple recurrences within 3 months. As hematuria could not be controlled by transurethral surgery, he underwent robot‐assisted radical cystectomy without rectal injury. Since then, there has been no recurrence of either bladder or prostate cancer.ConclusionThis is the first report of a successful robot‐assisted radical cystectomy for bladder cancer that developed after local salvage radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer.
Effort and effort discounting as predictors of seeking psychotherapy among individuals with depression
Authors: Trusty Wilson T. , Swift Joshua K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesMany individuals who experience depression do not seek psychotherapy, and past research has had limited success in predicting help‐seeking in this population. Accounting for behavioral characteristics of depression that affect help‐seeking decisions, such as effort discounting (devaluation of rewards as a function of effort), may address this gap.MethodsIndividuals with moderate‐severe depression symptoms who were not in psychotherapy (N = 253) reported their depression symptom severity and the amount of effort they anticipated seeking psychotherapy would require; they also completed a behavioral measure of effort discounting. At a 3‐month follow‐up, they reported whether they initiated psychotherapy during the follow‐up period.ResultsDepression symptom severity was associated with perceptions that seeking psychotherapy would be more effortful. In turn, perceptions that seeking psychotherapy would be more effortful prospectively predicted a lower likelihood of initiating psychotherapy. Effort discounting was unrelated to psychotherapy use.ConclusionsThese results suggest that differences in the anticipated effort required to seek psychotherapy can increase depressed individuals' risk of going untreated. Future research may test whether reducing the effort of seeking psychotherapy increases psychotherapy use among those with depression. For instance, streamlining insurance enrollment procedures, implementing patient decision aids, or offering telehealth treatment options may be beneficial.
Underweight status and development of end‐stage kidney disease: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Kim Chang Seong , Oh Tae Ryom , Suh Sang Heon , Choi Hong Sang , Bae Eun Hui , Ma Seong Kwon , Kim Bongseong , Han Kyung‐Do , Kim Soo Wan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnderweight status increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the general population. However, whether underweight status is associated with an increased risk of developing end‐stage kidney disease is unknown.MethodsA total of 9 845 420 participants aged ≥20 years who underwent health checkups were identified from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database and analysed. Individuals with underweight (body mass index [BMI] < 18.5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were categorized according to the World Health Organization recommendations for Asian populations.ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up period of 9.2 ± 1.1 years, 26 406 participants were diagnosed with end‐stage kidney disease. After fully adjusting for other potential predictors, the moderate to severe underweight group (<17 kg/m2) had a significantly higher risk of end‐stage kidney disease than that of the reference (normal) weight group (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.563; 95% confidence interval, 1.337–1.828), and competing risk analysis to address the competing risk of death also showed the similar results (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.228; 95% confidence interval, 1.042–1.448). Compared with that of the reference BMI group (24–25 kg/m2), the adjusted hazard ratios for end‐stage kidney disease increased as the BMI decreased by 1 kg/m2. In the sensitivity analysis, sustained underweight status or progression to underweight status over two repeated health checkups, when compared with normal weight status, had a higher hazard ratio for end‐stage kidney disease.ConclusionsUnderweight status is associated with an increased risk of end‐stage kidney disease, and this association gradually strengthens as BMI decreases.
Identification of blood cell changes in pediatric oncological patients through Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Daniel Camila Ribeiro , Pacheco Marcos Tadeu Tavares , Lima Ana Mara Ferreira , de Brito Pedro Luiz , Silveira Landulfo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to use the Raman spectroscopy technique to identify biochemical changes in blood cell samples of healthy, leukemic, and non‐leukemic subjects by principal component analysis (PCA) and to discriminate the groups by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA). For the study, 121 blood samples were collected from healthy children and adolescents among those with leukemia and other types of cancer (non‐leukemics). A volume of 80 μl of blood cells was placed in an aluminum sample holder and submitted to dispersive Raman spectroscopy (laser: 830 nm and 250 mW), with an exposure time of 30 s. A total of 308 Raman spectra were analyzed and indicated significant differences in the bands referred to nucleic acids (671 and 756 cm−1), amino acids (671, 1,215, and 1,544 cm−1), proteins (756, 1,215, 1,430, 1,531, and 1,548 cm−1), β‐carotene (1,531 cm−1), and cytochrome c (756 and 1,371 cm−1), showing higher intensity in normal samples. The analysis of the PCA variables (PCs) showed that there was a higher concentration of cytochrome c (633, 749, 855, 1,004, 1,127, 1,212, 1,370, 1,433, 1,531, and 1,614 cm−1), in the normal samples, and a higher concentration of phenylalanine (1,004 cm−1) was observed in the leukemic samples with statistically significant (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Discriminant analysis by PLS‐DA model classified the spectra into the groups normal (healthy), leukemic, and non‐leukemic with accuracy of 67.5%; when considering normal versus cancer, the accuracy increased to 98.3%, with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 87.8%. Results demonstrated the applicability of Raman spectroscopy for analyzing biochemical compounds in blood cells, thus identifying the spectral differences between the groups normal, leukemic, and non‐leukemic (with other types of cancer). However, it presented a low accuracy due to classification errors when discriminating between the groups leukemic and non‐leukemic.
Sustained Effects of Capsaicin Infusion into the Oropharynx on Swallowing in Perfused Rats
Authors: Kaneko Mami , Sugiyama Yoichiro , Munekawa Ryoto , Kinoshita Shota , Mukudai Shigeyuki , Umezaki Toshiro , Dutschmann Mathias , Hirano Shigeru 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesTo examine the sustained effects of oropharyngeal capsaicin stimulation on the regulation of swallowing, we recorded the swallowing‐related nerve activities during continuous infusion of capsaicin solution into the oropharynx.MethodsIn 33 in situ perfused brainstem preparation of rats, we recorded the activities of the vagus, hypoglossal, and phrenic nerves during fictive swallowing. The interburst intervals (IBIs) of the swallowing‐related nerves during sequential pharyngeal swallowing (sPSW) elicited by electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) during concurrent capsaicin stimulation of 10, 1, and 0.1 μM (n = 28) were compared with those during oropharyngeal infusion of saline (control) (n = 5).ResultsThe IBIs during SLN‐induced sPSW were reduced at 5 min after initiation of continuous infusion of 10 and 1 μM capsaicin solution. The IBIs showed significant decreases to −25.8 ± 6.9%, −25.9 ± 5.3, −18.3 ± 3.7, and −12.0 ± 1.6 at 30 min following 1 μM capsaicin stimulation at SLN stimulus conditions at 5 Hz of 1.2 times threshold, 10 Hz of 40 μA, 5 Hz of 60 μA, and 10 Hz of 60 μA, respectively. Continuous capsaicin stimulation of 0.1 μM solution did not show significant sustained effects.ConclusionPharmacological stimulation of capsaicin could provide time‐dependent effects on the likelihood of swallowing, particularly subserving sustained facilitation of swallowing reflex with appropriate concentration of capsaicin.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:305–314, 2024
Effectiveness of vocal fold medialization surgery on the swallowing function of patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis
Authors: Kono Takeyuki , Tomisato Shuta , Ozawa Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesVocal fold medialization surgery is generally considered a phonosurgical procedure for improvement of vocal function in patients with glottic insufficiency. However, the literature describing this procedure for the management of dysphagia is limited. This study aims to assess the effects of medialization surgery on swallowing function in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP).MethodsWe enrolled 32 patients with UVFP undergoing vocal fold medialization surgery (medialization laryngoplasty combined with arytenoid adduction [ML + AA], 12 cases; injection laryngoplasty [IL], 20 cases). We assessed the aerodynamic vocal function including maximum phonation time and mean flow rate to evaluate glottal closure status. The Hyodo score determined by flexible endoscopic evaluation and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) were evaluated pre‐ and postoperatively.ResultsAlmost 60% of patients with UVFP had dysphagia, and one‐third were at high risk for aspiration. Aerodynamic parameters effectively improved after IL and ML + AA. With regard to swallowing, both the FOIS and total Hyodo score were significantly improved postoperatively. We found a particularly significant improvement in pharyngeal clearance. However, patients with high vagal nerve paralysis and postoperative insufficient glottal closure showed poor swallowing benefits after the interventions. In patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, there were no significant differences in postoperative swallowing function between the ML + AA and IL groups.ConclusionVocal fold medialization surgery was effective in improving swallowing function in most cases with UVFP, except for those with high vagal paralysis and insufficient postoperative glottal closure. Both IL and ML + AA showed an equivalent effect on swallowing improvement.Level of evidence3b.
Post‐Passivation of Perovskite Quantum Dots by Conjugated Molecules for Spectrally Stable and Efficient Deep Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Shen Chenyang , Gan Yiyang , Zhang Shuai , Qiu Weidong , Li Jiayu , Liu Denghui , Sun Guanwei , Liu Zhe , Yang Guo‐Xi , Peng Xiaomei , Shi Shiping , Li Ming‐De , Su Shi‐Jian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPerovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are promising candidates for displays and solid‐state lighting due to their tunable colors, high conversion efficiency, and low cost. However, the performance of deep blue PeLEDs lags far behind that of near‐infrared, red, and green ones. Here, the ligand concentration on the perovskite surface is regulated by introducing a small organic molecule 3‐(5,9‐dioxa‐13b‐boranaphtho [3,2,1‐d,e] anthracene‐7‐yl)‐9‐phenyl‐9H‐carbazole (BOCzPh) to reduce the defects in the mixed‐halogen perovskite lattice and improve the exciton binding energy of perovskite quantum dots (QDs). Finally, deep blue PeLEDs with an emission peak at 469 nm, a peak external quantum efficiency of 2.8%, and a maximum brightness of 851 cd m−2 are obtained. Owing to the post‐passivation of QDs by BOCzPh molecules, the emission spectra of the mixed‐halide perovskites are stabilized and the luminous efficiency of the devices is improved simultaneously. This work provides a new approach to realize spectrally stable and efficient deep blue PeLEDs.
Representation theorems for regular operators
Authors: Pliev Marat , Popov Mikhail 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe elaborate, strengthen, and generalize known representation theorems by different authors for regular operators on vector and Banach lattices. Our main result asserts, in particular, that every regular linear operator T acting from a vector lattice E with the principal projection property to a Dedekind complete vector lattice F, which is an ideal of some order continuous Banach lattice G, admits a unique representation , where is the sum of an absolutely order summable family of disjointness preserving operators and is an order narrow (= diffuse) operator. Our main contribution is waiver of the order continuity assumption on T. In proofs, we use new techniques that allow obtaining more general results for a wider class of orthogonally additive operators, which has somewhat different order structure than the linear subspace of linear operators.