bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enabling higher degree pathways for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students
Authors: Andrews Shawana , Mazel Odette , Padgham Warwick 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIncreasing the numbers of Indigenous people enrolled in research higher degrees in Australia is important for building the Indigenous academic workforce, broadening the scope of knowledge production in academic institutions and ensuring effective research outcomes for Indigenous Australians. While the numbers of Indigenous research higher degree students are increasing, universities still have a lot to do to bring that number up to parity. In this paper, we explore the value of a pre-doctoral program developed for Indigenous people interested in doing a PhD that provides them the information they need to inform their choices about undertaking a doctoral project. As the only program of this kind in Australia, this research contributes to the emerging literature on the factors that have an influence on why Indigenous people choose to undertake PhD programs and the effectiveness of initiatives to support their pathway to higher degree research. The research outcomes build on the evidence base for improving initiatives across the university sector, highlighting the need for tailored, Indigenous-led pre-doctoral support programs for Indigenous students, the value of cohort experiences and the importance of universities that value Indigenous people and their knowledge systems.
Duplex Interpenetrating-Phase FeNiZn and FeNi3 Heterostructure with Low-Gibbs Free Energy Interface Coupling for Highly Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Zhou Qiuxia , Xu Caixia , Hou Jiagang , Ma Wenqing , Jian Tianzhen , Yan Shishen , Liu Hong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe sluggish kinetics of both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) generate the large overpotential in water electrolysis and thus high-cost hydrogen production. Here, multidimensional nanoporous interpenetrating-phase FeNiZn alloy and FeNi3 intermetallic heterostructure is in situ constructed on NiFe foam (FeNiZn/FeNi3@NiFe) by dealloying protocol. Coupling with the eminent synergism among specific constituents and the highly efficient mass transport from integrated porous backbone, FeNiZn/FeNi3@NiFe depicts exceptional bifunctional activities for water splitting with extremely low overpotentials toward OER and HER (η1000 = 367/245 mV) as well as the robust durability during the 400 h testing in alkaline solution. The as-built water electrolyzer with FeNiZn/FeNi3@NiFe as both anode and cathode exhibits record-high performances for sustainable hydrogen output in terms of much lower cell voltage of 1.759 and 1.919 V to deliver the current density of 500 and 1000 mA cm−2 as well long working lives. Density functional theory calculations disclose that the interface interaction between FeNiZn alloy and FeNi3 intermetallic generates the modulated electron structure state and optimized intermediate chemisorption, thus diminishing the energy barriers for hydrogen production in water splitting. With the merits of fine performances, scalable fabrication, and low cost, FeNiZn/FeNi3@NiFe holds prospective application potential as the bifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting."Image missing"
Enhancing Hydrophilicity of Thick Electrodes for High Energy Density Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Lee Jungeun , Lee Hyeonsoo , Bak Cheol , Hong Youngsun , Joung Daeha , Ko Jeong Beom , Lee Yong Min , Kim Chanhoon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThick electrodes can substantially enhance the overall energy density of batteries. However, insufficient wettability of aqueous electrolytes toward electrodes with conventional hydrophobic binders severely limits utilization of active materials with increasing the thickness of electrodes for aqueous batteries, resulting in battery performance deterioration with a reduced capacity. Here, we demonstrate that controlling the hydrophilicity of the thicker electrodes is critical to enhancing the overall energy density of batteries. Hydrophilic binders are synthesized via a simple sulfonation process of conventional polyvinylidene fluoride binders, considering physicochemical properties such as mechanical properties and adhesion. The introduction of abundant sulfonate groups of binders (i) allows fast and sufficient electrolyte wetting, and (ii) improves ionic conduction in thick electrodes, enabling a significant increase in reversible capacities under various current densities. Further, the sulfonated binder effectively inhibits the dissolution of cathode materials in reactive aqueous electrolytes. Overall, our findings significantly enhance the energy density and contribute to the development of practical zinc-ion batteries.
Whole-Body Vibration Training Protocols for People with Cerebral Palsy: a Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Shaw Lloyd , O’Leary Karen , Stewart Sarah , Poratt Daniel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Whole-body vibration training (WBVT) has been emerging as a promising therapeutic modality for cerebral palsy (CP); however, reported efficacy is inconsistent and methodological approaches differ substantially. This study aimed to review the methodological protocols adopted by randomised controlled trials reporting on the efficacy of WBVT for people with CP.

Methods
Electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled trials reporting on the efficacy of WBVT for people with CP. Data were extracted from included studies related to study and participant characteristics and WBVT protocols including training programmes, patient positioning, and machine and vibration specifications.

Results
Eighteen randomised controlled trials were identified. Training programmes varied considerably, including duration, number of sessions per week, session length, and whether static, dynamic, or combination exercises were performed. Positioning of participants on the vibration platform also varied, including foot, knee, hip, and hand positioning. The machine specifications were poorly reported, with variations in frequency, amplitude, and peak acceleration settings.

Conclusions
This review highlights the inconsistency in the use and reporting of training protocols, machine specifications, and patient positioning when investigating the efficacy of WBVT for people with CP. Current clinical trials continue to poorly acknowledge WBVT research recommendations, which may contribute to ongoing misunderstanding of basic WBVT principals and safety considerations, as well as contribute to the inconclusive results with regard to treatment efficacy.
Hyperloop transportation technologies: practices for open organizing across VUCA contexts
Authors: Griffith Terri L. , Majchrzak Ann , Giustiniano Luca 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOpen organizations are structures in which members of the public engage in work for the organization. Examples include open-source software, Amnesty International, Wikipedia, and Lego communities. Much research focuses on structural design characteristics of open organizations, such as pre-specified task divisions and integration teams. These practices require the organization to a priori structure in response to its mission. Increasingly, however, open organizations like CrowdDoing and Hyperloop Transportation Technologies (HyperloopTT) require public involvement across volatile, uncertain, complex, ambiguous (VUCA) contexts. These open organizations must respond to changing political, competitive, and socio-economic events. Structural clarity is more difficult, and contributors may participate in the creative development of new technologies, new policies, and new sources of funding. Working from practices supporting participant engagement in more stable environments, we qualitatively observe HyperloopTT to understand internal practices for open organizing in more VUCA contexts. We observe four practices allowing for the flexibility, versatility, and accommodations needed for open organizing in such settings. The HyperloopTT practices allow more porosity and self-determination—not simply in how people divide and integrate tasks, but also in the exploration and experimentation of the work itself. More than task workers, we see a new class of open organizing participants: creative work designers.
Nurse-Task Matching Decision Support System Based on FSPC-HEART Method to Prevent Human Errors for Sustainable Healthcare
Authors: Koseoglu Salih Cihan , Delice Elif Kılıc , Erdebilli Babek 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo increase the levels of sustainability of service quality as well as to ensure satisfaction and assurance of patients in the health sector, minimizing the probability of making mistakes nurses is of great importance. The extent of this probability is considerably affected by task types, physical conditions of the working environment, workload, and working conditions. Moreover, the physical and mental characteristics of nurses also have a colossal influence on this probability. It is also possible to increase the sustainability of health services by matching nurses appropriately to a specific task according to related risk levels, and by balancing their workload accordingly. This study proposes FSPC-HEART method in that purpose, as a new type of human error reduction and assessment technique (HEART) application based on fuzzy step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis and principal component analysis methods. Unlike the methods in the literature, this new method offers a person-specific proactive error prevention approach. With FSPC-HEART, the probability of each nurse to make a mistake, that is, the human error probability (HEP) values are calculated separately for each task. Also, the combined effect of physical and mental workload factors for each employee was taken into account. In the proposed method, the effect of the subjective judgments of the decision-makers on the objectively obtained HEP values was tried to be reduced. The developed nurse-task matching decision support system enables the FSPC-HEART method to be easily used by decision-makers, and to assign employees to tasks with low error probabilities.
Potential Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Due To Iodine Injection From Small Satellites
Authors: Feng Wuhu , Plane John M. C. , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Saiz‐Lopez Alfonso , Booth Jean‐Paul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe use the 3‐D Whole Atmospheric Community Climate Model to investigate stratospheric ozone depletion due to the launch of small satellites (e.g., CubeSats) with an iodine propulsion system. The model considers the injection of iodine from the satellites into the Earth's thermosphere and suggests a 4‐yr timescale for transport of the emissions down to the troposphere. The base case scenario is 40,000 small satellite launches per year into low orbit (100–600 km), which would inject 8 tons I yr−1 above 120 km as I+ ions and increase stratospheric inorganic iodine by ∼0.1 part per trillion (pptv). The model shows that this scenario produces a negligible impact on global stratospheric ozone (∼0.05 DU column depletion). In contrast, a 100‐fold increase in the launch rate, and therefore thermospheric iodine injection, is predicted to result in modeled ozone depletion of up to 14 DU (approximately 2%–7%) over the polar regions.
Direct Observational Evidence of Altered Mesosphere Lower Thermosphere Mean Circulation From a Major Sudden Stratospheric Warming
Authors: Gasperini Federico , Jones McArthur , Harding Brian J. , Immel Thomas J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are large‐scale phenomena characterized by dramatic dynamic disruptions in the stratospheric winter polar regions. Previous studies, especially those employing whole atmosphere models, indicate that SSWs have strong impacts on the circulation of the mesosphere lower thermosphere (MLT) and drive a reversal in the mean meridional circulation (MMC) near 90–125 km altitude. However, the robustness of these effects and the roles of SSW‐induced changes in global‐scale wave activity to drive the reversal have been difficult to observe simultaneously. This work employs horizontal lower thermospheric (∼93–106 km altitude) winds near 10°S‐40°N latitude from the Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐resolution Thermospheric Imaging instrument onboard the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) to present observational evidence of a prominent MLT MMC reversal associated with the January 2021 major SSW event and to demonstrate connections to semidiurnal tidal activity and possible associations with a ∼3‐day ultra‐fast Kevin wave.
Estimation of Anthropogenic CH4 and CO2 Emissions in Taiyuan‐Jinzhong Region: One of the World's Largest Emission Hotspots
Authors: Hu Cheng , Xiao Wei , Griffis Timothy J. , Xiao Qitao , Wang Shumin , Zhang Yuzhong , Wang Weifeng , Zhu Lingyun , Chen Xin , Yu Xueying , Lee Xuhui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCoal mining ranks as the largest anthropogenic CH4 source in China with emission factors (EFs) varying up to 30‐fold among inventories when applied to different provinces. The lack of independent evaluation of coal mining CH4 EFs in China is one of the main uncertainties in estimating national total CH4 emissions. Shanxi province, which supplies 25% of the national coal production, is the largest coal mining CH4 emission region in China and even among the world's largest coal production regions. This area is also a significant anthropogenic CO2 source because of high‐density power and industrial activities. Given the large uncertainties in CH4 and CO2 inventories from provincial to city scales, questions remain whether state‐of‐the‐art inventories have accurately estimated these emission hotspots. Here, we evaluate CH4 and CO2 emissions from one of the world's largest coal production regions near Taiyuan City, the capital of Shanxi province, China. CH4 and CO2 concentrations were measured from March 2018 to February 2019 from a 30‐m tower. These data were used within an inverse modeling framework to simulate both CH4 and CO2 concentrations and to evaluate EFs for this region. Results show generally good agreement between observed and simulated CH4 concentrations. However, the CO2 simulations were much lower compared to the observations. Given the minor role of NEE‐induced CO2 enhancements, we believe that the large difference is attributed to the underestimation of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. In general, the derived posteriori anthropogenic CH4 emissions were 85.2(±18.1)% of a priori emissions, where fugitive CH4 from coal mining accounted for ∼92.7% of total anthropogenic emissions. The derived coal mining EF was 23.2(±4.9) m3 CH4/ton coal, close to the default value of high CH4‐content coal, but twofold the province average that were reported by previous observation‐based studies in Shanxi province, indicating large spatial inhomogeneity in the coal mining CH4 EF. The posteriori CO2 emissions were 1.6‐fold of the a priori emissions, highlighting underestimation of CO2 emissions in industrial cities and some potential large emission sources that are missing from state‐of‐the‐art inventories. Finally, we also emphasize the use of satellite observations and denser tower‐based networks are essential in resolving the spatial inhomogeneity of greenhouse gas emissions.
Floodplain Connecting Channels as Critical Paths for Hydrological Connectivity of Deltaic River Networks
Authors: Gao Weilun , Wang Zheng Bing , Kleinhans Maarten G. , Miao Chiyuan , Cui Baoshan , Shao Dongdong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA river bifurcation is critical for distributing water, sediment and nutrients to the downstream branches of deltaic river networks. However, the downstream branches of a bifurcation can be linked by a connecting channel cutting through deltaic floodplains. The floodplain connecting channel as a downstream control can affect water partitioning at the river bifurcation and hence the hydrological connectivity of the river network. However, its effects are still largely elusive. In this study, we explored how a connecting channel linking downstream branches affects water partitioning at the upstream bifurcation and water distribution along the two branches. The investigation was conducted through idealized numerical simulations using Delft3D, followed by analysis of the cascading effects on the hydrological connectivity of river networks using graph theory. The results show that connecting channels can mitigate asymmetric water partitioning at the upstream bifurcation. However, this happens at the expense of inducing more uneven flow at the downstream outlets. The flow adjustment is due to the altered spatial water surface slope in the two branches associated with the flow exchange from one channel to the other via the connecting channel. Further analysis of hydrological connectivity shows that connecting channels can generally reduce the vulnerability of the channel network to hydrological alterations, especially changing inflow, by enhancing flow exchange between the two branches. Our results suggest that connecting channels are critical paths for hydrological connectivity, which have important implications for the management of deltaic river networks and their floodplains.
Diabetic vascular diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Li Yiwen , Liu Yanfei , Liu Shiwei , Gao Mengqi , Wang Wenting , Chen Keji , Huang Luqi , Liu Yue 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVascular complications of diabetes pose a severe threat to human health. Prevention and treatment protocols based on a single vascular complication are no longer suitable for the long-term management of patients with diabetes. Diabetic panvascular disease (DPD) is a clinical syndrome in which vessels of various sizes, including macrovessels and microvessels in the cardiac, cerebral, renal, ophthalmic, and peripheral systems of patients with diabetes, develop atherosclerosis as a common pathology. Pathological manifestations of DPDs usually manifest macrovascular atherosclerosis, as well as microvascular endothelial function impairment, basement membrane thickening, and microthrombosis. Cardiac, cerebral, and peripheral microangiopathy coexist with microangiopathy, while renal and retinal are predominantly microangiopathic. The following associations exist between DPDs: numerous similar molecular mechanisms, and risk-predictive relationships between diseases. Aggressive glycemic control combined with early comprehensive vascular intervention is the key to prevention and treatment. In addition to the widely recommended metformin, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, for the latest molecular mechanisms, aldose reductase inhibitors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonizts, glucokinases agonizts, mitochondrial energy modulators, etc. are under active development. DPDs are proposed for patients to obtain more systematic clinical care requires a comprehensive diabetes care center focusing on panvascular diseases. This would leverage the advantages of a cross-disciplinary approach to achieve better integration of the pathogenesis and therapeutic evidence. Such a strategy would confer more clinical benefits to patients and promote the comprehensive development of DPD as a discipline.
Long noncoding RNA DIAPH2-AS1 promotes neural invasion of gastric cancer via stabilizing NSUN2 to enhance the m5C modification of NTN1
Authors: Li Ying , Xia Yiwen , Jiang Tianlu , Chen Zetian , Shen Yikai , Lin Jie , Xie Li , Gu Chao , Lv Jialun , Lu Chen , Zhang Diancai , Xu Hao , Yang Li , Xu Zekuan , Wang Linjun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNeural invasion (NI) is a vital pathological characteristic of gastric cancer (GC), which correlates with tumor recurrence and a worse prognosis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in various biological processes. However, the involvement of lncRNAs in NI of GC (GC-NI) remains unclear. DIAPH2-AS1 was upregulated in NI-positive GC tissues, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR. The higher expression of DIAPH2-AS1 predicted NI and worse survival for GC patients. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments, including wound-healing assay, Transwell assay, DRG-GC cells co-culture model, the mouse sciatic nerve model, and the lung metastasis model, indicated that DIAPH2-AS1 promoted the migration, invasion, and NI potential of GC cells. Mechanistically, pulldown assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay revealed that DIAPH2-AS1 interacted with NSUN2. Subsequent experiments indicated that DIAPH2-AS1 stabilized NSUN2 from ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation via masking the K577 and K579 of NSUN2. The protection of DIAPH2-AS1 on NSUN2 improved the stability of NTN1 mRNA via m5C modification, which finally induced GC-NI. Our work uncovered DIAPH2-AS1 as a novel oncogenic lncRNA in GC-NI and validated the DIAPH2-AS1-NSUN2-NTN1 axis as a potential therapeutic target for NI-positive GC.
Blocking the CXCL1-CXCR2 axis enhances the effects of doxorubicin in HCC by remodelling the tumour microenvironment via the NF-κB/IL-1β/CXCL1 signalling pathway
Authors: Zhao Huiyong , Wei Sheng , Zhou Dachen , Liu Yongfan , Guo Zicheng , Fang Chuibao , Pang Xiaoxi , Li Fei , Hou Hui , Cui Xiao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInflammation is a core mechanism for oncogenesis. Chemokines act as important mediators of chronic inflammation and the tumour inflammatory response. However, there is limited information on chemokines in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a disease for which almost all cases are derived from chronic liver inflammation. Here, we explored the protumor effects of CXCL1, a commonly elevated inflammatory chemokine in cirrhosis, in HCC. The protumor role was confirmed in clinical samples from HCC patients. CXCL1 enhanced tumorigenesis in the hepatic inflammatory microenvironment directly by acting on tumour cells and indirectly through promoting the recruitment of macrophages. The increase in the number of macrophages in the tumour microenvironment (TME) promoted tumour cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and significantly increased CXCL1 levels in the TME partly through NF-κB/IL-1β activation. To investigate the potential therapeutic value of CXCL1 in HCC with an inflammatory background, an antibody blocking CXCL1 was used alone or combined with the chemotherapy agent doxorubicin (DOX), with the goal of reshaping the TME. It has been shown that blocking CXCL1-CXCR2 inhibits tumour progression and reduces macrophage recruitment in the TME. The combination regimen has been shown to synergistically reduce the number of pro-tumour macrophages in the TME and suppress tumour progression. This provides insight into therapeutic strategies for treating HCC patients with high CXCL1 expression.
Function and dynamics of the intrinsically disordered carboxyl terminus of β2 adrenergic receptor
Authors: Heng Jie , Hu Yunfei , Pérez-Hernández Guillermo , Inoue Asuka , Zhao Jiawei , Ma Xiuyan , Sun Xiaoou , Kawakami Kouki , Ikuta Tatsuya , Ding Jienv , Yang Yujie , Zhang Lujia , Peng Sijia , Niu Xiaogang , Li Hongwei , Guixà-González Ramon , Jin Changwen , Hildebrand Peter W. , Chen Chunlai , Kobilka Brian K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAdvances in structural biology have provided important mechanistic insights into signaling by the transmembrane core of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs); however, much less is known about intrinsically disordered regions such as the carboxyl terminus (CT), which is highly flexible and not visible in GPCR structures. The β2adrenergic receptor’s (β2AR) 71 amino acid CT is a substrate for GPCR kinases and binds β-arrestins to regulate signaling. Here we show that the β2AR CT directly inhibits basal and agonist-stimulated signaling in cell lines lacking β-arrestins. Combining single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), NMR spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal that the negatively charged β2AR-CT serves as an autoinhibitory factor via interacting with the positively charged cytoplasmic surface of the receptor to limit access to G-proteins. The stability of this interaction is influenced by agonists and allosteric modulators, emphasizing that the CT plays important role in allosterically regulating GPCR activation.