bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resources on physics education using Arduino
Authors: Goncalves A M B , Freitas W P S , Calheiro L B 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this manuscript, we present a collection of papers, published in different journals, that show the use of the Arduino board in physics. Arduino is used, in most cases, to automate or collect data from experiments in many fields. Here we summarized the manuscripts, by year of publication, field, language, and source, giving to the reader a source of references in the area.
Tutorials + PhET: a simple and efficient active-learning approach for the teaching of kinematics of circular motion in a technically-oriented high school
Authors: Suárez Mauricio , Pandiella Susana , Benegas Julio 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A quasi-experimental group comparison experiment was conducted to improve the conceptual learning of rotational kinematics by 11th grade students of a technically-oriented high school in Argentina. The experimental instruction complemented the original Tutorials in Introductory Physics activities with the PhET simulation Ladybug Revolution. Conceptual learning was determined with pre and post instruction application of the multiple-choice test Rotational Kinematics Inventory (RKI). This procedure allowed for the determination of a large difference in normalized learning gain between the experimental (g = 0.48) and control (g = 0.17) groups. It is also shown that the final conceptual knowledge of the experimental group is clearly higher than that of the students and teachers samples used in developing the RKI. An analysis of the institutional evaluation showed that this important difference in conceptual learning between the two groups did not affect the problem-solving performance of the experimental group. These results indicate the convenience of affecting part of the problem-solving classroom time in the proposed experimental instruction. A few recommendations to improve the experimental teaching approach are given.
Image formation by two plane mirrors
Authors: Lohani Vivek , Pathak Praveen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We revisit the problem of image formation of a point object by two plane mirrors meeting at a convex angle θ. Although a complete solution to the problem already exists in the literature, the simple formula

n
=

360

∘

/

θ
−
1

is often assumed to be the universal formula that counts the number of images, irrespective of θ or the location of the object. A survey, involving both school students and teachers, shows that the simple formula in conjunction with rounding off to the closest integer(s) is still widely thought of as the correct way to count the number of images formed. In order to address this rampant misconception, we rederive the correct formula for an arbitrary mirror angle θ and arbitrary location of the object in an elementary way. The proof is easily communicable to high school students. We justify the formula using a physical setup and capturing real-life images. Finally, we provide a simulation written in an open source software GeoGebra as an additional visual aid in understanding the problem and its solution.
Flexible pressure sensor based on polystyrene foam with superelasticity and ultra-wide range
Authors: Xiao Yao , Xiao Yao , Sun Ping , Li He 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The use of flexible pressure sensors has significantly advanced and improved human life. However, several issues are hindering their applicability such as the difficulty to achieve high sensitivity over a wide pressure measurement range. Herein, a one-step foaming method and hydrothermal approach were used to fabricate a three-dimensional conductive porous foam comprising polyurethane, carbon nanotube, and polyaniline. The sensor exhibits excellent electrical conductivity due to its cellular foam structure, while its high durability enables a large response output across an extremely broad range (0–30 000 kPa). The sensor also exhibits exceptional stability over 1000 loading/unloading cycles, a fast response time of 80 ms, and high sensitivity of 0.019 53 kPa−1 (0–200 kPa), 0.126 48 kPa−1 (200–5000 kPa), and 0.038 85 kPa−1 (5000–30 000 kPa). Furthermore, rational material selection and structural design allows the sensor to monitor low- to high-signal stimuli, thereby providing a reference for the design of other large-scale sensors.
Collective excitation of Bose–Einstein condensate of 23Na via high-partial wave Feshbach resonance
Authors: Shi Zhenlian , Li Ziliang , Wang Pengjun , Han Wei , Huang Lianghui , Meng Zengming , Chen Liangchao , Zhang Jing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We experimentally observe the collective excitation (called surface-mode excitation) of Bose–Einstein condensate of 23Na by ramping the external magnetic field across the high-partial wave magnetic Feshbach resonance corresponding to vary the atomic interaction. We check the collective surface mode excitation of

|

1
,
1
⟩

state for the three d-wave and three g-wave Feshbach resonances below 600 G and find that only two d-wave resonances present the strong excitation, another d-wave resonance only creates a weak excitation, and all g-wave resonances do not, which reflects the strength of these magnetic Feshbach resonances. For the collective excitation, the excitation of surface modes along the axial weak-confinement and radial strong-confinement of optical dipole trap shows different characteristics. We also study the lifetime of the collective oscillation by measuring the damping rate of the oscillation amplitude, which is caused by the mechanisms of dephasing effect and collisional relaxation. This excitation method gives us a new tool for investigating the properties of ultracold quantum gases without changing the trap frequencies.
Bilateral comparison of irradiance scales between PMOD/WRC and PTB for longwave downward radiation measurements
Authors: Feierabend Moritz , Gröbner Julian , Müller Ingmar , Reiniger Max , Monte Christian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this work, comparison measurements are presented between two independently realised and characterised blackbody cavities which serve as irradiance standards, namely the well-established Tilted Bottom Cavity BB2007 and the new Hemispherical Blackbody (HSBB). Both are used to realise the unit for thermal infrared irradiance. The BB2007 at the Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Center has long provided the reference for longwave downward radiation within the Baseline Surface Radiation Network. Longwave downward radiation is constantly measured at multiple stations around the world using specific broadband infrared radiometers with a hemispherical acceptance angle, for example pyrgeometers. The HSBB, developed at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in recent years, was specifically designed to calibrate radiometers with a hemispherical acceptance angle which measure longwave downward radiation. The HSBB is directly traceable to the Radiation Temperature Scale of PTB and, in turn, via this scale to the SI. Comparison measurements between the BB2007 and HSBB in this work were carried out with three transfer instruments: the dedicated Temperature Stabilised Radiation Thermometer, an Infrared Integrating Sphere (IRIS) instrument and a Kipp and Zonen CG4 pyrgeometer. The results show good agreement with respect to the target irradiance uncertainty of

0.5

W m−2 provided by the HSBB. This study thus supports and validates the traceability of atmospheric longwave downward radiation to the SI linking measurements performed with the World Infrared Standard Group of pyrgeometers to the traceability of the reference blackbody BB2007 using IRIS instruments as the transfer standard.
Jilin Province Energy Storage in the Source-grid-load Multi-scene Construction
Authors: Gao Xuefeng , Ren Mingyao , Liu Yuchun , Li Hao , Wang Xinhong , Wang Dong , Shi Yu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
With large-scale access to renewable energy, the configuration of energy storage systems has become an absolutely necessary way to improve the flexibility and reliability of power grid. To solve the problem of low utilization of traditional energy storage systems in a single scenario, this paper discusses the construction of a multi-scene energy storage scenario on the source-grid-load side. Taking the full-scene applications of energy storage in Jilin province for example, which accomplishes the goal of building a new power system with the interaction of all parties in the scenario, the optimal allocation of energy storage is realized, the utilization rate of energy is elevated, and the voltage stability of the grid is improved in the end.
Research on Voltage Fluctuation and Network Loss Change of Distribution Network Considering Different Photovoltaic Penetration Rates
Authors: Wang Xueying , Qu Bo , Shi Changjun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
With the vigorous advocacy of the national energy conservation and emission reduction policy and the need for energy reform, the penetration rate of photovoltaic power generation into the distribution network is getting higher and higher, and it is uncertain and random. The impact on the distribution network is studied. Firstly, the PV output probability model is updated. Secondly, the power flow model is solved by the semi-invariant method. In the end, different photovoltaic penetration rates are obtained by setting different photovoltaic penetration rates and using Matlab for simulation. The probability distribution of the operating voltage of each node of the distribution network, the power flow of each branch, etc., is further analyzed, and the voltage fluctuation and network loss change are further analyzed.
SOC Balance Control Method for Cascaded Energy Storage System Based on Nearest Level Modulation
Authors: li Yong-Qi , yu Hua-Long , Chen Man , ma Zhong-Dao , Wang Ji-Kang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
To address the issue of the in-phase state of charge(SOC) unbalancing in a cascaded H-bridge battery energy storage system, this paper proposes a novel control strategy based on nearest level modulation(NLM). Through NLM, this paper first calculates the number of sub-modules needed, then adjusts the priority of sub-modules in different SOC by the charging state, so that the sub-modules with larger SOC deviation converge to the average value. Considering that sub-modules with a large SOC deviation participating in charging or discharging may bring distortion of the PCS output, limiting the number of sub-modules with large deviations during the charging or discharging is needed, so that the sub-modules with large SOC deviation and sub-modules close to average SOC cooperate in charging/discharging process to reduce the distortion of PCS output. The simulation result verified the correctness of the strategy.
Research on the joint optimal allocation of hydropower, wind energy and photovoltaic power generation in the basin
Authors: Li Ao , Li Ting , Xu Weiting , Tang Sirui , Liu Yang , Sheng Boyu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
To improve the constancy of hydropower, wind energy and photovoltaic hybrid power generation systems for power furnish to the grid, the joint optimal allocation of hydropower, wind, and photovoltaic is studied. Firstly, the goal of the highest load-matching degree of hydropower, wind energy, and photovoltaic power is put forward. Considering the constraints such as the maximum total power generation ability of hydropower, wind energy, and photovoltaic power generation and the water balance of the reservoir, a joint optimal allocation model of hydropower, wind energy, and photovoltaic power generation in the basin is created, and solved by a progressive optimization algorithm. An example is given to illustrate the influence of source load matching degree on optimal allocation, and the validity of this approach is verified. The simulation results indicate that during grid-connected operation, hydropower, wind energy and photovoltaic complementary power generation can ensure high electricity furnish reliability and deliver more stable power to the grid.
An NPE-PCA-based Detection Method of Distribution Transformer Closing Surge Waveform
Authors: Fang Jian , Zhang Min , Wang Hongbin , Huang Qingdan , Wang Yong , Ao Gang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In order to effectively detect the waveform characteristics of the closing inrush current of distribution transformers and distinguish between the magnetizing inrush current and the fault current when closing, this paper proposes a new method based on neighborhood preserving embedding (NPE) and principal component analysis (PCA) transformer closing inrush current detection method. This method can detect and process the global and local feature information of the data. First, the NPE-PCA algorithm is used to reduce the current data to two-dimensional space, and then the fitting error σ is obtained by fitting the two-dimensional space data. The relationship between σ and a given threshold is used to identify the magnetizing inrush current when closing. Finally, a model is built on the ATP/EMTP platform to test the proposed method for detecting the waveform characteristics of the closing inrush current. The simulation results show that the NPE-PCA inrush current waveform detection algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively identify the waveform characteristics of the transformer closing inrush current, which is consistent with the second harmonic wave. Algorithm comparison analysis shows that the performance of this algorithm is better.
Short-term Load Forecasting Based on Multiple PSO-LSSVM under Electricity Market Environment
Authors: Xu Jihe , Liu Min , Xiang Wei , Chen Haoyong , Mao Yuwen , Jia Tengteng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Affected by the development of the electricity market and many other factors, it is very difficult to obtain high-performance short-term load forecasting methods. The day-ahead load forecasting of the power grid is deeply studied by dividing 24 hours forecast outputs into several groups and optimizing them respectively. As a result, a new short-term load forecasting method is proposed by considering the load variation trend in different periods. First, through the historical load variation trend analysis, the 24 hours load forecasting output is divided into several sets. Then, the prediction algorithm combining multi-group particle swarm optimization and least squares support vector machine is proposed. Finally, the improved algorithm and the original particle swarm optimization, and the least squares support vector machine algorithm are used to predict the short-term load data of Jiangxi Province. The experiment results show that the improved algorithm can identify the load characteristics of a different time with high prediction accuracy, which has practical application value.
Research on abnormal discharge of exhaust valve of HVDC converter valve
Authors: Zhang Bo , Hu Qiuling , Huang Jiahao , Zhang Wen , Zhao Ming , Kuang Jianrong , Hong Lezhou , Hu Zhongshan , Tang Li , Zhao Hanghang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The MMC converter valve adopts the water-cooled heat dissipation method. The automatic exhaust valve is installed at the upper part of the main water pipe, and the manual ball valve is installed between the automatic exhaust valve and the main water pipe, which is made of insulating material. During laboratory tests, it was found that the switch state of the manual ball valve may lead to an abnormal discharge of the manual ball valve. When the manual ball valve is closed, it is filled with air, and the insulating material bears high voltage, and the air inside will be broken down. This paper studies the abnormal discharge phenomenon of the manual ball valve, analyses the discharging principle, evaluates the influence on converter valve equipment, and proposes an optimal design scheme.
Design and Implementation of Transmission Line Insulator Online Monitoring Platform Based on Image Analysis
Authors: Xu Changbao , Xin Mingyong , Wang Yu , Gao Jipu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The safe operation of insulators directly determines the safety level and reliability of the entire system. In this paper, digital image processing technology is used to analyze and process insulator images, and the performance of composite insulators is comprehensively evaluated from three aspects: degree of deterioration, surface pollution, and degree of water repellency, which is used as the basis for judging insulator detection. For this purpose, an insulator online monitoring system based on telemetry image analysis is specially designed to determine the degree of aging, surface pollution, and hydrophobicity of insulators and to conduct practical tests. At the same time, the system can realize the offline operation of the insulator live, avoid the danger of climbing and live trial operation, and ensure the personal safety of power maintenance personnel. The system hardware uses advanced integration technology and high-performance and reliable equipment. The software is developed using popular development tools, is simple to operate, and has important engineering value.
Improved variable-step incremental conductance MPPT algorithm applied to photovoltaic storage systems
Authors: Ji Rui , Wang Zhihe 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
For the traditional PV maximum power tracking control method in terms of tracking speed and stability, proposed an improved variable-step incremental conductance method. The method first speeds up the tracking speed by the constant voltage coefficient method to quickly locate around the MPP(Maximum power point,MPP) and dynamically adjusts the step size using the inverse tangent function value when the operating point is located to the left of the maximum power point, and dynamically adjusts the step size using the exponential function value when the operating point is located to the right. Given the characteristics of photovoltaic power generation, it usually constitutes a light storage system with an energy storage battery. To verify the effectiveness, the simulation experiments are carried out in Matlab/Simulink to build a photovoltaic energy storage system model, which contains an energy storage battery. Results indicate that the proposed new method achieves the optimization of tracking precision and speed according to the nature of the function and can make the energy storage battery charge and discharge stably, which verifies the practicality of the proposed improved algorithm.
Research on reactive power and voltage coordinated control of intelligent distributed network
Authors: Chen Shaoyu , Li Zhen , Shi Bolong , Ren Xianting , Li SuiRong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
with the continuous expansion of the scale of distributed new energy grid-connected power generation in the distribution network and the continuous improvement of penetration rate, the problem of distribution network voltage out of limit caused by distributed new energy grid connected can not be ignored. This paper analyzes the basic principle of voltage out of limit caused by the connection of distributed new energy sources to the distribution network,and analyzes the factors affecting the reactive power and voltage of the active distribution network with distributed new energy sources through BPA simulation, The compensation effects of the distributed series reactor and distributed shunt reactor are compared.
Design and Optimization of A 4-bit Absolute-value Detector Using Half Adder and Comparator
Authors: Yao Xinyun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a design and optimization of a 4-bit absolute value detector is realized by using the CMOS technique, transmission gates, and the traditional comparator, which can compare the two positive input values all expressed in binary form. To optimize the overall performance of the absolute value detector, this paper chooses to minimize the number of transistors and simplifies the circuit through logical analysis. As for calculating the overall delay and energy consumption, critical path identification is also studied and analyzed in this paper. Based on the theory of path effort and path parasitic delay, the grid capacitance and resistance are introduced into the calculation of inverter ratios. To achieve various optimization objectives, this study also combines the grid size and power supply voltage scaling techniques to reduce the delay and energy of the circuit, and finally finds the minimum energy loss at a 1.5x delay. The overall delay and energy can be expressed by the multiple of the unit size inverter of that. As a compromise, a minimum delay of 1.5 times is selected to reduce energy consumption by 39.16 %.
Development of Photovoltaic Cell Production Information Management System
Authors: Xian Zhijun , Du Pengfei , Pan Jianyi , Xu Wenbin , Zheng Yusheng , Huang Zhenyuan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Due to a large number of production steps and the high detection frequency of photovoltaic cells, the data to be collected, counted, and analyzed are huge. However, the traditional manual method cannot completely record all the data, and its information visualization is low. Therefore, this paper develops a photovoltaic cell production information management system based on satisfying customer requirements. The system has the functions of material tracking and tracing, obtaining the test information of photovoltaic cells, warehousing them in different grades, and displaying the working status of the equipment in real time, which greatly improves the production efficiency of the enterprise and promotes the intelligent development of the enterprise.
Scalability analysis of direct and iterative solvers used to model charging of superconducting pancake solenoids
Authors: Mohebujjaman Muhammad , Shiraiwa Syuńichi , Labombard Brian , Wright John C , Uppalapati Kiran K 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A mathematical model for the charging simulation of non-insulated superconducting pancake solenoids is presented. Numerical solutions are obtained by the simulation model using a variety of solvers. A scalability analysis is performed for both direct and preconditioned iterative solvers for four different pancakes solenoids with varying number of turns and mesh elements. It is found that even with two extremely different time scales in the system an iterative solver combination (FGMRES-GMRES) in conjunction with the parallel Auxiliary Space Maxwell Solver (AMS) preconditioner outperforms a parallelized direct solver (MUMPS). In general, the computational time of the iterative solver is found to increase with the number of turns in the solenoids and/or the conductivity assumed for the superconducting material.