bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental test flying
Authors: Uwins C. F. 
Published: March 2023

It is my privilege to speak to you tonight on some aspect of the work of testing experimental aircraft, and in order to present my subject to you in as lucid a manner as possible, I am going to ask you to consider that we actually have a machine before us waiting for its first test.We must assume that the cockpit arrangements have been approved before this, for so much has to be done that can only rightly be done as the machine is being built. The seat and rudder positions must be comfortable, windscreening good, view ample, engine controls handy, flying controls accessible, smooth and firm, petrol flow satisfactory and necessary instruments must be clearly visible. The first thing to be done is to weigh and balance the machine. From this we learn the total weight—the designer learns whether he has been clever or not—and then we chase that elusive spot the e.g. The wing position and tail setting have been designed with the e.g. in an assumed position, and if one weighing shows it to be seriously out, then before the machine can be flown it should be ballasted to bring it to the required balance. The flying controls should be carefully tested by the pilot. It is not sufficient to waggle the joystick and watch the ailerons and «levators move; very careful attention must be given to see that they move the right way.
The measurement of performance, stability and control characteristics of a high subsonic jet aircraft in non-steady flight conditions employing high accuracy instrumentation techniques
Authors: Mulder J. A. 
Published: March 2023

Aircraft lift and drag characteristics can be measured in flight by subtracting the components of engine net thrust along and perpendicular to airspeed from the corresponding components of the total aerodynamic force R.In steady straight flight the flight path angle can easily be measured and consequently the components of R when aircraft weight is known. Measurements in steady-straight conditions, however, are time consuming and furthermore the resulting accuracies are limited due to unavoidable deviations from the nominal straight flight condition.
The systems approach to airborne electrical power supplies
Authors: Ratcliffe J. P. 
Published: March 2023

The commercial need to standardise aircraft power supplies has resulted in virtually all modern aircraft (with the possible exception of certain light aircraft) being equipped with a 115/200 volt, three phase, 400 Hz ac primary power system. This is invariably supplemented by 28 volt dc and 26 volt single phase 400 Hz ac secondary systems. If this is the case why is there so much controversy concerning power supplies for avionics and why is there criticism of present day power systems whose performance is so superior to that achieved only two decades ago?There are two basic reasons for the present situation.Firstly, development of sophisticated avionic systems has resulted in increased susceptibility to certain aspects of the power supplies and this, coupled with the ever increasing application of avionics for the basic control and safety of the aircraft, has highlighted interface problems with power supplies.
The changing horizons for technical progress
Authors: Frisbee L. E. , Hopps R. H. 
Published: March 2023

The possibilities for technical progress in every aspect of aviation during the first half of this century have indeed appeared as a limitless horizon. Increasingly since that period, as we have moved outward toward the technical horizons, the course has become rougher, and we find ourselves in the foothills with a high and formidable range of mountains looming into view before us.These figurative mountains are representative of the increasing interface deterrent which we are encountering at the edge of the aviation systems’ advancing fronts. These deterrents include socio-environmental and political impacts, economic factors, and the need, in many cases, for redirection and/or equivalent progress in non-aviation technical systems which interface with aviation development. Specific areas are increasing costs for R & D, increased fuel costs, environmental effects of new aircraft and air transport ground systems, changing requirements and demands of the public, increasing liability exposure, increasing regulatory constraints and conflicts, etc.
The airport operator's view—British Airports Authority
Authors: Mulkern John 
Published: March 2023

My contribution to these proceedings will be to comment on the strong and weak points in the Government's White Paper from the standpoint of the major airport operator concerned—the British Airports Authority. There cannot be many other businesses operated today which are subject to such a numerous and varied number of voices and influences telling the operator what to do, how to do it, when to do it and where to do it. If there are, I'm sorry for them!The British Airports Authority is a profitable public enterprise set up 11 years ago (as the result of the last White Paper) to own and operate airports. We run seven airports, four in Scotland (Aberdeen, Prestwick, Edinburgh and Glasgow) and three in the South-East of England (Heathrow, Gatwick and Stansted). About 75% of the UK's passenger traffic and 85% of air cargo go through the BAA's airports.
The community response
Authors: Roberts Shelagh 
Published: March 2023

The title ‘The Community Response’ sums up very aptly, if inadvertently, the place of the community as the Government sees it in the formulation of airport strategy. In other words, to respond rather than to participate; a sort of reluctant anchor that has to be dragged along in response to proposals made by others. Airports should be planned to serve the Community; that is their function. They do not exist merely to facilitate the landing and take-off of passengers and freight in a vacuum unrelated to the locality in which they are sited. People who use airports have an involvement with the community whether it be through business, tourist or domestic connections.The GLC has consistently recognised the importance of London's airports, especially Heathrow, to the economic well being of London and the South East. With the abandonment of Maplin we have accepted that at least for the time being, the increased demand for airport capacity in the South East will have to be met by some expansion at existing airports, but we have a wider duty also to ensure that the social planning and environmental aspects linked with airport developments are taken into account.
Summing-up
Authors: Masefield Peter 
Published: March 2023

A wide range of conflicting views has been expressed from all sides during the day. Indeed, they might be thought to cancel each other out. Altogether, it has been a most stimulating and successful occasion, even if, at times, it has seemed that some of those who have spoken have overlooked the fact that there must be airports— that they are now essential requirements for the development of our national trade, travel and economic future and that, somehow, they must meet the operational and economic needs of national and international air transport; or, as the American CAB would say, ‘public convenience and necessity’—though, sometimes, those words suggested different things on this side of the water.Taken as a whole, the meeting seems to agree that the White Paper, the kernel of the debate, is a workmanlike, a valuable and a sensible document, which—with one or two notable exceptions—‘got it about right’. Different people have different reservations—and, all have some.
AIDS and the Airlines
Authors: Waller Peter 
Published: March 2023

Recording devices have been used to help with the testing and understanding of aircraft behaviour since at least the First World War. Early reports to the Aeronautical Research Council reveal some most ingenious devices which were clearly invaluable in assessing the suitability of early Royal Aircraft Factory aircraft as gun platforms.Since that time the flight recorder, in one or other of its many forms, has been an essential tool for the aircraft constructor and designer, used to establish the characteristics of the airframe itself and its ability to fly as the designer intended. The use of recorded behaviour, in comparison to that predicted by powerful digital and hybrid computers, has helped in recent years to minimise the amount of test flying required to bring a new design to operational service.
Operational data acquisition and analysis for monitoring of military aircraft usage
Authors: Sturgeon J. R. 
Published: March 2023

It is usual to consider AIDS as applicable mainly to digital data; this data can usefully be divided into two main data management requirements that are unlikely to integrate for many years.Data is required for active control of the aircraft and weapons system. This data must be immediately available to the pilot, aircraft and weapons control system; its integrity tends to demand triplex or quadruplex data sources with comprehensive Built In Test and reversionary mode operation under fault conditions. Some data also needs to be stored to aid subsequent fault diagnosis and ground maintenance but usually represents a very low data storage and analysis requirement.
Factors influencing schedule reliability in international operations
Authors: Yates R. J. 
Published: March 2023

As you could all imagine I am sure, the title of this lecture embraces a subject which is very close to the airline operator's heart. One of the prime objectives of any airline is to operate on time all the time.The word ‘delay’ of course can encompass a wide range of problems. As the second oldest airline in the world—after KLM—and the operator of the world's longest average passenger journey length we do not mind admitting that we have had our share of delays over the years. I know this is a very serious subject but I could not resist having a brief look through our records recently to pluck out a few of the more extreme reasons for delays that you run into in the airline business.
The aerodynamic behaviour of fully inflated parachutes
Authors: Ayres R. M. 
Published: March 2023

In 1971 The Royal Aeronautical Society's Handley Page Air Safety Award funded a preliminary study of the complex aerodynamic phenomena associated with fully deployed parachutes and results were sufficiently encouraging for the Ministry of Defence to sponsor a full research programme in the hope that a more rational approach to canopy design might evolve.Preliminary investigations revealed that the essentially quasi-static two dimensional concepts of conventional aerodynamics as applied to aircraft were of limited value since a parachute is very much a three dimensional device which has a tendency to undergo large oscillations at relatively low descent airspeeds. The project therefore involved rethinking of basic aerodynamic principles and a return to hydrodynamic theory as applied to airships since they also have pronounced three dimensional anatomical characteristics and experience significant changes in relative air flow in their natural mode of operation. The objective of this paper is therefore to show how this same theoretical approach can be used as a basis for developing computer techniques capable of effectively simulating full scale parachute descent behaviour from basic wind tunnel test data.
The design of future cockpits for high performance fighter aircraft
Authors: Roe Graham 
Published: March 2023

With the development over the last half decade of very highly manoeuverable aircraft, a new design question has arisen. This is, how do we as aircraft designers ensure that the future fighter pilot can function in an environment which pushes not only his mental but also his physiological limits to the utmost? The new generation of aircraft offers substantial increases in sustained turn rate and hence g levels. Furthermore a proliferation of controls and displays confront the pilot from which he has to collect, collate, integrate and interpret data which is not currently presented in anything like a logical manner with respect to his present flight phase.This paper is an attempt to describe a systematic design approach to a cockpit for the future generation fighter aircraft. The paper will show the pilot's physiological limitations to high sustained g forces, the likely performance of a new generation fighter and the amount of g tolerance a pilot should find useful. Methods of providing this increased tolerance will be discussed. An analytical method of assessing aircraft information presentation requirements will also be shown which will enable information to be presented in a more logical manner.
Epigenetic aging and PTSD outcomes in the immediate aftermath of trauma
Authors: Zannas Anthony S. , Linnstaedt Sarah D. , An Xinming , Stevens Jennifer S. , Harnett Nathaniel G. , Roeckner Alyssa R. , Oliver Katelyn I. , Rubinow David R. , Binder Elisabeth B. , Koenen Karestan C. , Ressler Kerry J. , McLean Samuel A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPsychological trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been associated with advanced epigenetic age. However, whether epigenetic aging measured at the time of trauma predicts the subsequent development of PTSD outcomes is unknown. Moreover, the neural substrates underlying posttraumatic outcomes associated with epigenetic aging are unclear.MethodsWe examined a multi-ancestry cohort of women and men (n= 289) who presented to the emergency department (ED) after trauma. Blood DNA was collected at ED presentation, and EPIC DNA methylation arrays were used to assess four widely used metrics of epigenetic aging (HorvathAge, HannumAge, PhenoAge, and GrimAge). PTSD symptoms were evaluated longitudinally at the time of ED presentation and over the ensuing 6 months. Structural and functional neuroimaging was performed 2 weeks after trauma.ResultsAfter covariate adjustment and correction for multiple comparisons, advanced ED GrimAge predicted increased risk for 6-month probable PTSD diagnosis. Secondary analyses suggested that the prediction of PTSD by GrimAge was driven by worse trajectories for intrusive memories and nightmares. Advanced ED GrimAge was also associated with reduced volume of the whole amygdala and specific amygdala subregions, including the cortico-amygdaloid transition and the cortical and accessory basal nuclei.ConclusionsOur findings shed new light on the relation between biological aging and trauma-related phenotypes, suggesting that GrimAge measured at the time of trauma predicts PTSD trajectories and is associated with relevant brain alterations. Furthering these findings has the potential to enhance early prevention and treatment of posttraumatic psychiatric sequelae.
Should panpsychists be supernaturalists?
Authors: Buckareff Andrei A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractJoanna Leidenhag's claim in her book, Minding Creation, that panpsychists should (a) abandon naturalism and (b) adopt traditional theism is evaluated and critiqued. It is argued that panpsychism is compatible with naturalism and does not commit one to any metaphysic of the divine, including traditional theism.
Necessary existent theology
Authors: Ansari Rosabel , Dunaway Billy , McGinnis Jon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA meta-theology makes claims about the structure of theological claims: it identifies a single, fundamental claim about God, and shows how other theological claims are derivable from the fundamental claim. In his book Depicting Deity and other articles, Jon Kvanvig has identified three distinct meta-theologies: Creator Theology, Perfect Being Theology, and Worship-worthiness Theology. In this article, we argue that the medieval Islamic philosopher Avicenna's views about God have the structure of a meta-theology, and that it is distinct from the three projects Kvanvig identifies. This view is Necessary Existent Theology.
“Workers’ Way”: Moments of Labor in Late 1940s Calcutta
Authors: Agarwal Prerna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe postwar situation in Calcutta was part of the picture of seething anticolonial popular and labor discontent in the Indian subcontinent; this was perhaps the most radical, the most potent, period for the subalterns in the country. However, this complex historical moment with varied, competing, shifting, overlapping tendencies has been reduced and flattened in the historiography. It is as if the twin events of partition and independence were inevitable. City workers, especially the port workers, emerged as a visible and powerful presence in the anticolonial movement. By reconstructing the arena of collective action—focusing on the context, the modalities, and the social content of the major strikes involving port labor or “moments” of radicalism, this article seeks to recover the role of workers in decolonization. It will show how workers contested and outstepped the politics of nationalist leadership(s) and communalism in significant ways multiple times, placing a politics of labor rights and entitlements, of struggles against exploitation and poverty on the postcolonial agenda. The article argues that a “workers’ way,” an alternative even if hazily defined pathway of decolonization, in which new citizens would not be divided on religious lines, was concretized and became a part of the political imagination of the time. The port strike of 1947, a swing-back from the deadliest episode of communal riots, in a matter of months, signifies the extreme fluidity of the political situation in the late 1940s, which is unsurprisingly missed in the conventional historiography. The article finally highlights the limits of postwar radicalism: the “historic” port workers’ strike was ultimately channelized as a legal industrial dispute by the communist leadership of port workers’ union. With their key demand of parity of wages and allowances with government employees, port workers staked their claim to labor institutions offered by the postcolonial state, which was to cordon large sections of them as a privileged layer from rest of the laboring classes in the city.“To articulate the past historically. . . . It means to seize hold of a memory as it flashes up at a moment of danger. . . . Only that historian will have the gift of fanning the spark of hope in the past who is firmly convinced that even the dead will not be safe from the enemy if he wins. And this enemy has not ceased to be victorious.” Walter Benjamin, Theses on the Philosophy of History.
A study of the evaluation metrics for generative images containing combinational creativity
Authors: Wang Boheng , Zhu Yunhuai , Chen Liuqing , Liu Jingcheng , Sun Lingyun , Childs Peter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the field of content generation by machine, the state-of-the-art text-to-image model, DALL⋅E, has advanced and diverse capacities for the combinational image generation with specific textual prompts. The images generated by DALL⋅E seem to exhibit an appreciable level of combinational creativity close to that of humans in terms of visualizing a combinational idea. Although there are several common metrics which can be applied to assess the quality of the images generated by generative models, such as IS, FID, GIQA, and CLIP, it is unclear whether these metrics are equally applicable to assessing images containing combinational creativity. In this study, we collected the generated image data from machine (DALL⋅E) and human designers, respectively. The results of group ranking in the Consensual Assessment Technique (CAT) and the Turing Test (TT) were used as the benchmarks to assess the combinational creativity. Considering the metrics’ mathematical principles and different starting points in evaluating image quality, we introduced coincident rate (CR) and average rank variation (ARV) which are two comparable spaces. An experiment to calculate the consistency of group ranking of each metric by comparing the benchmarks then was conducted. By comparing the consistency results of CR and ARV on group ranking, we summarized the applicability of the existing evaluation metrics in assessing generative images containing combinational creativity. In the four metrics, GIQA performed the closest consistency to the CAT and TT. It shows the potential as an automated assessment for images containing combinational creativity, which can be used to evaluate the images containing combinational creativity in the relevant task of design and engineering such as conceptual sketch, digital design image, and prototyping image.
Paediatric heart failure – understanding the pathophysiology and the current role of cardiac biomarkers in clinical practice
Authors: McGinn Claire , Casey Frank A. , Watson Chris , Morrison Louise 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroduction:Paediatric heart failure is a common clinical syndrome that may be experienced by children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and/or cardiomyopathy. It is characterised by clinical signs/symptoms which reflect the underlying pathophysiology based on one of three main clinical states: Pulmonary over-circulation, pressure overload, and ventricular failure. Current diagnosis relies on clinical assessment and echocardiogram imaging as cardiac biomarkers has been predominantly scientific to date. This review provides a comprehensive overview of paediatric heart failure pathophysiology and considers the available evidence for cardiac biomarkers in this setting.Methods:A literature review was completed using MEDLINE ALL, EMBASE, and PubMed on 10th November, 2022. Search terms included biomarkers, heart failure, heart defects, congenital heart disease, fontan circulation, single ventricle circulation, cardiomyopathy, and child. This allowed the identification of individual cardiac biomarkers which are the focus of this review. These included NT-proBNP, MR-proANP, MR-proADM, troponin, sST2, galectin 3, and growth differentiation factor-15.Results:Paediatric studies have established reference ranges for NT-proBNP and troponin for children with structurally normal hearts. Of all the biomarkers reviewed, NT-proBNP appears to correlate most closely with symptoms of heart failure and ventricular dysfunction on echocardiogram. However, there remains limited longitudinal data for NT-proBNP, and no validated reference ranges for patients with CHD and/or cardiomyopathy. None of the other biomarkers reviewed were consistently superior to NT-proBNP.Conclusion:Further large paediatric studies of patients with heart failure are needed to validate NT-proBNP in CHD and to evaluate the role of novel biomarkers in specific types of CHD, e.g. single ventricle physiology.
Always take a look back. Ethics in post-conflict archaeology
Authors: Radchenko Simon , Kiosak Dmytro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis reaction to the Paul Newson and Ruth Young paper entitled ‘Post-conflict ethics, archaeology and archaeological heritage. A call for discussion’ (Archaeological dialogues, 2022) supports the call for a discussion regarding archaeological ethics in post-conflict zones. Following the agreement on the fuzzy border between the state of ‘conflict’ and ‘post-conflict’, it reflects on the continuity between these two. Furthermore, the reaction adds an additional issue to the discussion, which is the ethical ground of ‘being above the conflict’. Applying a ‘holistic ethic’ approach, it reflects on the ethical assessment of archaeological practices performed by Russian archaeologists in the zones that were damaged during conflict, escalated due to the actions of the Russian government. A series of examples are shown to consider the complexity of ethical judgements in this particular case. Last but not least, the reaction claims that in some cases ethical judgements are possible and effective due to the convergence of numerous factors.