bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Denied a Certificate of Fitness to Marry: The Nuremberg Race Laws as a Threat to Black German Futures
Authors: Aitken Robbie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The 1935 Nuremberg Race Laws were one of the cornerstones of Nazi racial policy. Among other racial restrictions, they prohibited marriages and sexual relationships between German Jews and so-called Aryans. Wilhelm Frick, the Minister of the Interior, extended them to also cover men and women racialized as Black. The fact that this extension remains widely unknown is emblematic of the wider public and academic ignorance of Black experiences under the Nazis racial state. Using a wide range of new source materials, this article considers the application of the Race Laws, in word and spirit, as part of a more general assault on Germany’s Black residents, their children, and their white partners, which the Nazi regime undertook to protect German “racial purity.” In multiple localities, Nazi policing forces intervened in the private lives of Black residents, resorting to violence, in particular the very real threat of sterilization, to prevent the development of future generations of Black Germans.
One-year patency of a novel biorestorative polymeric coronary artery bypass conduit
Authors: George Isaac , Neves Paulo , Cox Martijn , Ebner Adrian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery remains the gold standard in the treatment of complex coronary artery disease. Saphenous vein grafts (SVG) are commonly used for the non-left anterior descending artery. However, SVG failure rates in CABG surgery have been reported to be as high as 30% at 1 year and ∼50% at 10 years. Despite suboptimal performance, ∼80% of all CABG surgery includes SVG graft use. Therefore, an off-the-shelf, small-diameter vascular conduit with good patency rates remains a large unmet clinical need. XABG (Xeltis BV, Eindhoven, The Netherlands), a novel supramolecular electrospun biorestorative polymeric conduit with an embedded nitinol microskeleton, is under clinical development to fulfill this unmet need. This case report aims to demonstrate the safety and feasibility of this conduit in a routine CABG operation with implantation in a 70-year-old male patient with three-vessel disease. The XABG conduit remained patent with TIMI 3 flow at 6 months, and patency was confirmed by cardiac computed tomography at 12 months.
Optimizing healthcare queues: a case study on chronic respiratory illness
Authors: Gillard Jonathan , Knight Vincent , Smith Kendal , Wilde Henry 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Accepted by: M. Zied BABAI
This study employs a data-driven approach to assess the evolving resource needs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, exploring the impact on the hospital system. It integrates segmentation, operational queuing theory and parameter recovery from incomplete data to overcome limitations in fine-grained data availability, yielding operational insights using only administrative data. Initiating with a population clustering from granular data, the paper utilizes a multi-class $M/M/c$ model, extracting parameters through parameterization and Wasserstein distance. This model facilitates an informative analysis of the queuing system and population needs through various what-if scenarios. The comprehensive analyses encompass all patient arrival types, revealing that addressing the impact of COPD patients on the system necessitates more than just expanding capacity. Our work demonstrates the potential for specific improvement in clinical performance in respect of COPD patients.
Influenza Virus Surveillance in Healthcare Personnel in Peru: NAMRU SOUTH Experience and Perspective
Authors: Soto Giselle , Romero Candice , Gonzales Miriam , La Rosa Sayda , Ponce Diana , Tecco Anilu , Vega Diana , Silva María , Llanos-Cuentas Alejandro , Matos Eduardo , Chavez Perez V , Castillo Maria Esther , Castro Juan Carlos , Prouty Michael G , Neyra Joan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Vaccinating healthcare personnel (HCP) is a top priority for public health globally. This strategy aims not only to protect HCP but also patients, reducing transmission of infections in healthcare services. However, improving vaccine coverage in HCP is still a challenge, especially because they are a risk group for acquiring influenza. Multicomponent influenza vaccination programs targeting behavioral, organizational, and administrative barriers are critical to ensure this priority population is vaccinated. Here, we describe a healthcare worker cohort study that was implemented in Peru, a middle-income country, in 2016, prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This cohort, which is still ongoing, has collected valuable information on influenza vaccine effectiveness, vaccine coverage, risk factors, absenteeism, and use of personal protective equipment, as well as risk of influenza disease, among others. These data can help improve knowledge not only about influenza diseases but also regarding vaccination on this specific influenza risk group in order to improve vaccine uptake.
Cooperation and Conflict Studies in Chinese IR
Authors: Wang Kai , Liu Chuyu , Chen Xintong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Although Western security scholarship often focuses disproportionally on conflict, cooperation-oriented research dominates Chinese security studies. To account for this divergence, we draw on Bourdieu’s notion of field as an analytic framework. We argue that a dual power asymmetry—the core–peripheral relations between Western and Chinese international relations (IR) scholars, and the Chinese IR community’s structural dependence on the party-state—profoundly shapes the knowledge production of Chinese security studies and leads to the hegemony of cooperation-centered research. We use a unique combination of empirical materials, including bibliometric data from China’s leading IR journals, content analysis of projects funded by a prestigious Chinese government grant, and qualitative interviews with IR academics at Chinese institutions. We find strong evidence for our theoretical propositions. Our findings shed new light on the global IR debate, national IR parochialism, and the sociology of IR epistemic practice in non-democratic contexts.
Forest dynamics and responses to climate changes and human activities in the arid and semiarid regions of the Altai Mountains, China
Authors: Zhang Liancheng , Jiapaer Guli· , Yu Tao , Liang Hongwu , Chen Bojian , Lin Kaixiong , Ju Tongwei , De Maeyer Philippe , Van de Voorde Tim 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms influencing forest changes is crucial for developing effective adaptation strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change and anthropogenic factors on ecosystems. In this study, we utilized the Theil–Sen median, Mann–Kendall (MK) test, contribution partition, partial least squares (PLS), geodetector, and residual analysis methods to explore the effects of human activities and climate change on forest cover and forest NDVI in the Altai Mountains. For forest cover, the results indicate that both forest management policies and climate change influence changes, with forest management policies being the primary factor. However, the mechanisms vary across different altitude belts. Natural mortality in alpine and subalpine forests, coupled with the promoting effect of climate change, has led to a dynamic equilibrium in forest cover, while human activities and climate change together promote forest cover expansion in the low mountain belt. For the forest NDVI, areas where climate change and human activities jointly increased NDVI growth account for the largest proportion (50.20%) across the six scenarios. Climate change has a wider influence on the NDVI than do human activities, mainly driving NDVI increases (30.28%). In contrast, forest degradation is caused primarily by human activities (19.39%), especially along forest edges. Among the climate factors, precipitation and snowmelt are the main controlling factors. Notably, snowmelt in March and April (SM_34) is the most important water source for forest growth before the growing season. This study offers essential scientific support for forest management and strategic planning in the Altai Mountains.
Characterizing Antimicrobial Prescription Practices and Deviation from Published Guidelines in Pediatric Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Hamilton Shannon , Schneider Jack G , Boyd LaKeisha , Enane Leslie , Wood James B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Corresponding Author: Shannon Hamilton, DO, Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, Email: shhami@iu.edu
Abbreviations: GAS (group A Streptococcus), GASP (group A Streptococcus pharyngitis), Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), emergency department (ED), primary care center (PCC)
Sources of funds: This work was supported by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society Health
Disparities Fellowship funded by Sanofi Pasteur.
No conflicts of interest.

Background
Little is known about the relationship between patient demographics and prescriber adherence to treatment guidelines. Using group A streptococcal pharyngitis (GASP) as the model, the primary aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between patient demographics and clinical practice guideline adherence with antibiotic prescribing.

Methods
This is a retrospective review of patients &lt; 18 years old presenting to an emergency department (ED) and primary care center (PCC) in Indianapolis, IN between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2019. Subjects were identified by ICD-9/10 diagnosis code for GASP and a positive streptococcal test. Patients were excluded if they had GASP in the previous 30 days, were treated for another bacterial infection at time of the visit, required hospitalization, or had an immunocompromising condition. Demographic and clinical data were collected via review of the electronic medical record. The primary endpoints were the number and types (relating to dosing and duration of antibiotics) of deviations from the IDSA 2012 GASP Guidelines.

Results
Of the 1,184 patients who met criteria, 33.5% had no guideline deviations, 54.1% had one, and 12.5% had more than one. The most common type of deviation was higher than recommended antibiotic dosing. Treatment in the PCC was associated with a lower number of guideline deviations (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3,0.9, p=0.021). Hispanic or Latinx ethnicity was associated with greater odds of undertreatment (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1, 2.3; p=0.011).

Conclusions
Treatment in the PCC was associated with a lower number of guideline deviations. Additionally, Hispanic or Latinx ethnicity was associated with higher odds of antibiotic undertreatment. This preliminary data demonstrates that there is an opportunity for systems- based guideline implementation for delivery of equitable care and improved antimicrobial stewardship for all patients.
Clinical impact of metagenomic next-generation sequencing testing on cerebrospinal fluid in a pediatric cohort with suspected central nervous system infections
Authors: de Lorenzi-Tognon Mikaël , Benoit Patrick , Brazer Noah , Servellita Venice , Oseguera Miriam , Streithorst Jessica , Hillberg Melissa , Ingebrigtsen Danielle , Zorn Kelsey , Wilson Michael , Blicharz Timothy M , Wong Amy P , O’Donovan Brian , Murray Brad , Miller Steve , Chiu Charles Y 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Conflicts: M.D.T., P.B., N.B., V.S., M.O., J.S., M.H., D.I., M.W. declare no conflict of interests. A.P.W., B.O., T.B., B.M. and S.M. are employed by and own equity in Delve Bio. C.Y.C. is a founder of Delve Bio and on the scientific advisory board for Delve Bio, Flightpath Biosciences, Biomeme, Mammoth Biosciences, BiomeSense and Poppy Health. He is also an inventor on US patent 11380421, “Pathogen detection using next generation sequencing”, under which algorithms for taxonomic classification, filtering and pathogen detection are used by SURPI+ software. C.Y.C. receives research support from Delve Bio and Abbott Laboratories, Inc.

Background
Clinical metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) testing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been shown to improve diagnostic yield in suspected central nervous system (CNS) infections. However, real-life impact on patient care and outcomes, especially for children, remains poorly understood.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated the clinical impact of mNGS testing in a cohort of 194 pediatric patients at University of California, San Francisco, reviewing cases of suspected CNS infections who underwent CSF mNGS testing from 2016 to 2023.

Results
Patients had a median age of 9 years [IQR 2 – 16], 43.6% females, 93.3% inpatient, 65.6% requiring an intensive care unit stay, and 31.3% immunosuppressed. Mortality at day 60 post-mNGS testing was 8.7%. Positive and clinical negative impact of CSF mNGS testing was observed in 37.6% and 0.52% of cases, respectively. Of the 23 clinically-relevant positive mNGS results, concomitant CNS infection was ruled out in 16 cases (69.6%), brain biopsy was avoided in 6 cases (26.1%), and new infectious diagnoses were identified in 5 cases (21.7%). mNGS results led to a management change in 2 cases (8.7%), whereas the results from two additional cases prompted a public health intervention.

Conclusion
CSF mNGS testing had a positive clinical impact in 37.6% of our pediatric cohort. Among the 62.4% of cases with no impact, more than half may have yielded actionable results with an 44.4% decrease in assay median turnaround time (from 9 to 4 days). Prioritizing strategies to reduce assay turnaround time would likely improve patient care management and enhance the clinical impact of CSF mNGS testing.
Socioeconomic and Demographic Differences in Rates of Penicillin Allergy Labels in Children
Authors: Siddiqui Zoya , Lee Brian R , Nedved Amanda , McKinsey Jennifer , Benedict Frances Turcotte , Missel Brandi , Pandya Aarti , El Feghaly Rana E 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Corresponding author: Rana E. El Feghaly MD, MSCI, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Rd, Kansas City, MO 64108. relfeghaly@cmh.edu; 816 234 3061
Conflict of Interest: REE and AN received funding from Merck for an investigator-initiated grant on reducing health inequity in antimicrobials prescribing for respiratory infections in pediatric urgent cares. All other authors report no conflict of interest.

Background
Penicillins are the most widely prescribed antibiotics. Of the 10% of children with a penicillin allergy label (PAL), 95% do not exhibit a type 1 hypersensitivity allergic reaction following exposure. This study aimed to investigate whether sociodemographic factors, such as race, ethnicity, primary language spoken, insurance type, and area deprivation index (ADI), a tool used to quantify relative socioeconomic conditions of neighborhoods, are associated with PALs in children.

Methods
We performed a retrospective chart review of children ≤19 years evaluated in our pediatric urgent care centers and emergency departments from July 2022-June 2023. We collected patients’ self-reported race, ethnicity, language, use of interpreter, and insurance type, in addition to zip code used to calculate ADI. Multivariable logistic regression models identified groups with higher odds of PALs.

Results
We reviewed 183,692 patients’ charts and found 11,669 (6.3%) patients with PAL. After adjusting for different sociodemographic variables, compared to White Non-Hispanic (NH) children, children of almost all races and ethnicities were less likely to have PALs. Compared to children with Medicaid, children with commercial insurance were more likely to carry a PAL (aOR 1.11, CI 1.03, 1.2, p 0.007), while patients who self-pay were less likely to have PALs (aOR 0.67, CI 0.56, 0.8, p &lt;0.001). Compared to patients not requiring language services, patients who required Spanish language services were less likely to have PAL s(aOR 0.57, CI 0.45, 0.72, p &lt;0.001). Finally, patients from higher ADI deciles (i.e., the neighborhoods with greater socioeconomic disadvantages) were less likely to have PALs (Tables 1 and 2).

Conclusions
In addition to race, socioeconomic status, reflected by insurance and ADI, was also associated with differences in PAL rates. We are now conducting a quality improvement project to reduce inaccurate PALs, with an increased awareness of socioeconomic and demographic variables, to improve health equity among our patients.
Table 1: Comparison of the demographics of children with penicillin allergy labels compared to those without a penicillin allergy label

Table 2: Logistic Regression models depicting the odds ratio of a penicillin allergy label in our patient population
Moyamoya phenomenon following clipping of intracranial aneurysm: case report
Authors: Inam Masna B , Bakhsh Ali , Khattak Mohammed , Chandran Arun , Yousaf Jawad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Subarachnoid haemorrhage from aneurysmal rupture is a common emergency in neurosurgery. Depending on aneurysm position, morphology, size, associated clot, and symptoms, it is either managed by endovascular occlusion or by clipping. Here we report the first known case of secondary Moyamoya phenomenon following the clipping of a supraclinoid internal carotid artery Aneurysm. After making a complete recovery following clipping, this patient developed headaches 6 years later. Angiographic imaging revealing Moyamoya phenomenon characterized by total distal arterial occlusion and development of anastomotic collaterals. This phenomenon may be caused by neuroinflammation and suggests a tailored neuroimaging follow-up is required for such patients.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma with unusual metastatic spread to the spine and meninges: a case report with literature review
Authors: Yassen Salma Swadi , Al-Badri Sajjad Ghanim , Aldarawsha Ali Naser , Elazab Mohamed Samy , Alawad Asdah , Hameedi Ameer Dhahir , Hamid Abdulrahman Khaldoon , Hasan Hussein Mohsin , Al-Fatlawi Nabeel , Asghar Hasan Ali 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy commonly associated with Epstein–Barr virus infection. While bone, liver, and lung metastases are well-documented, central nervous system (CNS) involvement, particularly spinal and meningeal metastases, is extremely rare. We present a 41-year-old male with nasal obstruction and diplopia, diagnosed with locally advanced NPC. After treatment with chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy, the patient achieved excellent locoregional control. However, months later, he developed persistent back pain, and imaging revealed metastatic deposits in the spine and meninges. Histopathological analysis confirmed metastatic NPC despite resolution of the primary tumor. The patient received palliative radiotherapy and intrathecal chemotherapy, but disease progression highlighted the aggressive nature and poor prognosis of CNS metastases in NPC. This case underscores the need for advanced imaging, histological confirmation, and tailored therapies in managing rare NPC metastases, with long-term follow-up and innovative therapies critical for improving outcomes in advanced disease.
On the Hegemony of Ancestral Sin in Early Greek Thought: A Hesitation
Authors: Spencer Daniel H 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article aims to challenge the common view that virtually all early eastern thought on the doctrines of the Fall and Original Sin favours what has come to be called Ancestral Sin, or the ‘eastern view’. To begin, Ancestral Sin is broadly outlined in conversation with several recent writers; it is noted in particular the ways in which this tradition has often been defined in opposition to quintessentially ‘western’ emphases vis-à-vis the origin of sin. This serves as a foundation for the remainder of the article, where the hamartiological thought of Tatian, Melito, Theophilus, and Irenaeus is considered against the backdrop of Ancestral Sin as previously demarcated. It is concluded that though each thinker no doubt shares important affinities with Ancestral Sin, the discordances evidenced are both too plentiful and too substantial to overlook, so much so as to cause appreciable hesitancy about a straightforward ‘eastern’ ascription. A fundamental east/west divide on original sin is, in the earliest years at least, not so certain as is sometimes assumed.
Comparative transcriptomics pinpoints conserved and specific transcriptional responses to phosphorus limitation
Authors: Pant Pooja , Duan Hui , Krom Nick , Huertas Raul , Scheible Wolf-Rüdiger 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Translating biological knowledge from Arabidopsis to crop species is important to advance agriculture and secure food production in the face of dwindling fertilizer resources and biotic and abiotic stresses. However, it is often not trivial to identify functional homologs (orthologs) of Arabidopsis genes in crops. Combining sequence and expression data can improve the correct prediction of orthologs. Here, we conducted a large-scale RNA sequencing based transcriptomics study of Arabidopsis, Medicago, Brachypodium, and Setaria grown side-by-side in phosphorus (P)-sufficient and P-limited conditions to generate comparable transcriptomics datasets. Comparison of top 200 P-limitation-induced genes in Arabidopsis revealed that ~80% of these genes have identifiable close homologs in the other three species but only ~50% retain their P-limitation response in the legume and grasses. Most of the hallmark genes of the P-starvation response were found conserved in all four species. This study reveals many known, novel, unannotated, conserved, and species-specific forms of regulation of the transcriptional P-starvation response. Identification and experimental verification of expressologs by independent RT-qPCR for P-limitation marker genes in Prunus showed the usefulness of comparative transcriptomics in pinpointing the functional orthologs in diverse crop species. This study provides an unprecedented resource for functional genomics and translational research to create P-efficient crops.
The Jewish Question in Exile – Ludwig Marcuse as a Critic
Authors: Clancett Manuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article explores the often overlooked and largely forgotten contributions of Ludwig Marcuse (1884–1971), a writer, cultural critic, and philosopher and a pivotal figure among German-Jewish émigrés in France and the United States. Despite his considerable influence on renowned contemporaries, Marcuse’s own work (œuvre) remains underrecognized. The objective of this article is twofold: first, to reconstruct Marcuse’s intellectual engagement within its historical context; and second, to analyze a notable instance of his critical activity—specifically his involvement in a debate on the Jewish Question (1933–1935) during his French exile, conducted in dialogue with Lion Feuchtwanger, Arnold Zweig, and Alfred Döblin. To this end, the first part reconstructs Marcuse’s life, shaped by his experiences in exile, and shows how his intellectual background evolved amidst the disastrous political conditions in Europe within the milieu of the Weimar émigrée. Beginning in 1933, the four authors examined whether Zionism, Jewish nationalism, and a redefinition of Jewish identity could address the pressing issues faced by European Jews at the time. The second part, where this debate is revisited, aims to contribute to a better understanding of the different assessments of Zionism by the Weimar intellectual circle in exile.