bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination of cerebrospinal fluid VAMP-2 and core AD biomarkers reflects episodic memory deficits in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Goossens Julie , Cervantes-Gonzalez Alba , Dewit Nele , Lidón Laia , Fortea Juan , Alcolea Daniel , Lleó Alberto , Belbin Olivia , Vanmechelen Eugeen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Synapse loss is an early event that precedes neuronal death and symptom onset and is considered the best neuropathological correlate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP-2) has emerged as a promising biomarker of AD-related synapse degeneration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The aim of this study was to explore the CSF profile of VAMP-2 across the AD continuum in relation to core AD biomarkers, other synaptic proteins, neurogranin (Ng) and synaptosomal-associated Protein-25 kDa (SNAP-25) and cognitive performance.
Methods: We developed a digital immunoassay on the Single Molecule Array platform to quantify VAMP-2 in CSF and used existing immunoassays to quantify Ng, SNAP-25 and core CSF AD biomarkers. The clinical study included 62 cognitively unimpaired AD biomarker negative subjects and 152 participants across the AD continuum from the SPIN cohort (Sant Pau Initiative on Neurodegeneration). Global cognition was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and episodic memory by the Free and Cued Selective Reminding test (FCSRT). Statistical methods included χ2 tests, spearman correlation, and regression analyses. For stepwise regression, age-at-analysis and years of education were forced into the model. Entry of sex, APOE ε4 status, CSF Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, Aβ42:40 ratio, t-tau, p-tau, VAMP-2, SNAP-25 and Ng was conditional on their lowering the Akaike Information Criterion.
Results: The VAMP-2 assay had a good analytical performance (repeatability 8.9%, intermediate precision 10.3%). Assay antibodies detected native VAMP-2 protein in human brain homogenates. CSF concentrations of VAMP-2, neurogranin and SNAP-25 were lower in preclinical AD stage 1 and higher at later AD stages compared to controls and were associated with core AD biomarkers, particularly total tau (adj. r2=0.62 to 0.78, p<0.001). The optimal model for association with episodic memory (adj. r2=0.56, p<0.001) was observed in participants on the AD continuum and included age (p=0.001), years of education (p=0.001), t-tau (p<0.001), Aβ42:40 ratio (p=0.02) and VAMP-2 (p<0.001). The same model was the best predictor of MMSE (adj. r2=0.27, p<0.001).
Conclusions: Our novel digital immunoassay accurately measures VAMP-2 changes in CSF, which serve as a surrogate measure of episodic memory in sporadic AD in combination with core AD biomarkers.
Rotational Shallow Water Equations with viscous damping and boundary control: structure-preserving spatial discretization
Authors: Cardoso-Ribeiro Flávio Luiz , Haine Ghislain , Lefèvre Laurent , Matignon Denis 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

This paper is dedicated to structure-preserving spatial discretization of shallow water dynamics. First, a port-Hamiltonian formulation is provided for the two-dimensional rotational shallow water equations with viscous damping. Both tangential and normal boundary port variables are introduced. Then the corresponding weak-form is derived and a partitioned finite element method is applied to obtain a finite-dimensional continuous-time port-Hamiltonian approximation. Four simulation scenarios are investigated to illustrate the approach and show its effectiveness.
MSC Classification: 76D55 , 35Q35 , 76M10
The impact of PEG bulk volume fraction on the interlayer distance of clay- PEG hybrids: Experimental and theoretical study
Authors: BELGHAZDIS Mohammed , HACHEM El-Kaber 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The intercalation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains, in the inter-layer environment of the clay from Meknes, was performed using the direct intercalation method in the presence of water as a solvent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was applied to follow the evolution of interlayer distances as a function of PEG bulk volume fraction. The XRD data assert the formation of an intercalated structure through the displacement of the peaks, which characterize the clay minerals towards the small and large angles. The evolution of the d001-spacing for the three classes of clays was similar. Indeed, as φ increases, the d001 variation is marked by two depletion phenomena due to the magnitude of the gyration radius compared to the inter-layer distance of the clay minerals. The plateau regime, characterized by the weak insertion of the chains, appears after each depletion/expansion cycle, which reveals a succession of the depletion-adsorption-plateau phenomenon. Based on the results of the XRD method, we proposed a model for the insertion of PEG chains in monolayer and bilayer forms into the interlayer environment of clay minerals. Finally, the scaling theory reveals a good agreement with the experimental findings and perfectly illustrates the succession of three regimes: dilute, bidimensional semi-dilute, and plateau.
EuroQol-5D-3L in Long Covid patients After Supplementation with EchA Marine®, a Sea Urchin Eggs Extract: a double-blinded, multicentrical study.
Authors: V. Brichetti , T. Rubilar , J. Tejada , P. Montecino , A.C. Crespi-Abril , E. Barbieri , M.R. Núñez , J. Iriarte-Vásquez , M. Jajati , C. Volonteri , M. Sivori , G. de Larrañaga , F. Saldarini 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Patients with Long COVID experience a significant decrease in their quality of life and the lack of effective treatment represents an unmet need in medical care and patient health. One proposed strategy for treating Long COVID is to increase the body's ability to restore immune balance by controlling inflammation with anti-inflammatory substances.For this reason, the aim of this double-blind study was to evaluate the supplementation of patients with EchA Marine®, a dietary supplement based on sea urchin eggs rich in Echinochrome A. This compound has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties by activating the metabolism of glutathione and improvingmitochondrial mass and performance. The EuroQol 5-Dimension (EQ-5D) is a standardized questionnaire assessing five dimensions of health: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression used as an instrument to measure health-related quality of life in clinical and economic studies. In this multicenter, double-blind, intervention study, we have demonstrated that the dietary supplement EchA Marine® can significantly enhance the quality of life of these patients, particularly in pain and discomfort; notably improving their quality of life and daily activity’s ability. EchA Marine® is an effective treatment option for Long COVID patients and with further research its efficacy could be further strengthened. Clinical trial registration number: NCT05531019. First posted September 7th, 2022.
Aquaporin 3 modulates the risk of death conferred by dehydration in COVID-19
Authors: Marks Amanda , Butler-Laporte Guillaume , Yoshiji Satoshi , Lu Tianyuan , Morrison Dave , Nakanishi Tomoko , Chen Yiheng , Forgetta Vincenzo , Farjoun Joseph , Frithiof Robert , Lipcsey Miklós , Zeberg Hugo , Richards J. Brent , Hultstrom Michael 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Severe COVID-19 has been associated with dehydration. Recently, a genetic variant near the aquaporin 3 (AQP3) water channel was associated with severe COVID-19 (rs60840586:G, Odds Ratio: 1.07, P=2.5*10-9). We show that dehydration is associated COVID-19 mortality (OR = 2.06 [95% CI = 1.62-2.65], P = 9.13*10-9), and is modulated by interaction with rs60840586:G genotype (OR = 1.95 [95% CI = 1.22-3.28], P = 0.0075).
Multiple mechanisms synergistically induce Pseudomonas aeruginosa multiple drug resistance
Authors: Dai Pei , Jiao Fangyan , Yang Lulu , Bajinka Ousman , Abdelhalim Khalid A , Wu Guojun , Tan Yurong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to understand the molecular epidemiological characteristics and drug resistance mechanism of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of CRPA infection in hospitals. 34 strains of CRPA were isolated and their resistance to 13 commonly used antibiotics was detected using TDR-300B Plus VitEK-2 compact automatic bacterial identification instrument. Then carbapenemase production was detected using Carbe NP test. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of efflux pump MexA and outer membrane protein OprD, and PCR amplification and sequence analysis were used to detect the class Ⅰ integrons carried by drug resistance genes. Our results showed that of the 34 CRPAs, 22 were multidrug resistant (MDR) and 5 were extensively drug resistant (XDR). Sequencing analysis of class Ⅰ integron resistance genes showed that class Ⅰ integrons mainly carried aminoglycosides or quinolones antimicrobial resistance genes. Multiple mechanisms play important roles in the formation and development of multidrug resistance or XDR resistance.
Determination of complementary irrigation times for rainfed cultivation based on biomass optimization and soil erosion index in Yellow River Valley
Authors: Li Xiaodan , Huang Xin , Zhang Xiaoning , Nian Lili , Yan Peijie , Liu Xingyu , Liu Xuelu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Drought is the most important factor limiting the growth and production of wheat in China. Arid and semi-arid regions and high water consumption in the agricultural sector have led to various deficit irrigation strategies. The effect of the hydrological process on yield production has been evaluated in rainfed cultivation of wheat for the three climatic stations of Gansu Province, Yellow River Valley, China. A general framework was provided for rainfed cultivation of wheat in arid and semi-arid regions. Moreover, the best time and amount of complementary irrigation and its effect on increasing yield production have been evaluated using grey wolf optimization algorithm. The results showed that rainfed cultivation of wheat in a humid regime could be suggested without complementary irrigation. Conducting two complementary irrigations in semi-humid regime can increase the final yield of wheat by more than 150 kg/ha. The maximum yields in sustainable management were obtained 4,844, 4,510, and 4,408 kg/ha for Longnan, Tianshui, and Dingxi, respectively.
Lipoprotein(a) as a Predictive Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Dimitroglou Yannis , Aggeli Constantina , Theofilis Panagiotis , Tsioufis Panagiotis , Oikonomou Evangelos , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Tousoulis Dimitris 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Western societies, despite the significant advances that have improved primary and secondary prevention. Hence, several novel biomarkers have been identified as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets which could improve outcomes even when traditional risk factors are well-controlled. Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] has pro-atherogenic, pro-thrombotic, and pro-inflammatory properties, and its levels are relatively constant and genetically predetermined. Several epidemiological studies have associated high Lp(a) with increased risk for acute coronary syndromes (ACS) even when other CAD risk factors are included in the multivariate analysis. However, until recently, specific therapeutic options targeting Lp(a) were not associated, and thus, Lp(a) is currently used as a risk and treatment modifying biomarker with guidelines suggesting the intensified treatment of low-density lipoprotein in intermediate- to-high-risk patients with increased Lp(a) levels. Lately, specific treatment options targeting Lp(a) have become available and include antisense oligonucleotides and small-interfering RNA, which induce a robust reduction of Lp(a). Results of ongoing phase-3 trials will answer whether Lp(a) will become a biomarker specifically treated to reduce the burden of cardiovascular mortality. The scope of this review article is to present the current evidence regarding the use of Lp(a) as a biomarker, predictive of increased CAD risk, and to discuss the future perspectives on pharmaceutical reduction of Lp(a) as a therapeutic target in high-risk patients.
Current Drugs and their Therapeutic Targets for Hypoxia-inducible
Factors in Cancer
Authors: Joshi Esha , Pandya Medha , Desai Urja 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
Hypoxia, a prevalent characteristic of both solid and liquid malignancies, is found to regulate
how genes are expressed in a way that promotes cellular adaptability and survival. Metastasis is
controlled by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). HIFs are dimeric protein molecules made up of an oxygen
(O2) responsive HIF-1α, HIF-2α, or HIF-3α domain and a periodically produced HIF-1β portion
(also known as ARNT). Nevertheless, it is important to note that HIFs degrade under normoxic conditions.
A large multitude of different biological operations, including vessels generation, oxygen delivery,
stemness, pluripotency, multiplication, epithelial to mesenchymal shift, metastatic prevalence and
intrusion, redox equilibrium, and programmed cell death, are strictly controlled by over 70 immediate
HIF target genes that have been reported. Metabolic reprogramming, which modulates cellular energy
generation aside from oxidative phosphorylation and concerning glycolysis, is among the core tasks of
HIF target genes. As a result, choosing HIFs as a primary target in the treatment of various tumors is
essential.

:
We have a very limited understanding of this extremely complex topic, which is characterised by hypoxia-
induced resistance. In order to combat this, scientists are investigating numerous cutting-edge
approaches. Traditional chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat cancer are frequently linked to unfavourable
side effects and the development of chemoresistance. The use of natural compounds in conjunction
with chemotherapy drugs is rising as a result of their capacity to alter a number of molecular practices
with a lower detrimental impact. Experimental and clinical research is accumulating evidence
that phytochemicals can influence the genesis and progression of cancer by favourably modulating a
number of signalling pathways. Combinations of phytochemicals are potent cancer treatment options
because they incentivise apoptosis, limit cell prevalence, make cancerous cells more susceptible, and
escalate immunity. Despite being characterised, HIF-1-independent mechanisms for medication resistance
in hypoxia are still infrequently reported. The prime aim of the article is to summarise the
most recent research on the molecular basis of hypoxia-induced chemoresistance and how chemotherapy
and phytochemicals can be used to treat cancer patients who are resistant to drugs.
18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT and MRI Imaging Characteristics of
Monomorphic Epitheliotropic Intestinal T-cell Lymphoma: A Case Report
Authors: Zhang Xiaoying , Liu Simin , Liu Ying , Lv Zhongwei , Yang Jianshe 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL) is a rare, rapidly progressive, primary intestinal T-cell lymphoma. The most common site of occurrence is on the small intestine. The prognosis of MEITL is extremely poor due to delayed diagnosis and lack of targeted therapy.

Case Summary:
A case of MEITL involving the entire small bowel, part of the colon, rectum, mesenteric lymph nodes, and liver is herein reported. We are presenting the 18F-FDG PET/CT features of MEITL, which showed all involved lesions with increased FDG activity. The MRI and pathological characteristics of MEITL were also described. Furthermore, some malignant diseases and benign diseases should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

Conclusion:
Based on the lesions with a high accumulation of FDG, our case shows the involved extent of MEITL, which is helpful for biopsy and treatment option decisions. We expect more could know about this disease and make an early diagnosis to improve the outcomes of MEITL.
T2 Black Synovitis in Musculoskeletal MRI: Disease Spectrum and Imaging
Characteristics of Joint Diseases
Authors: Woo Ok Hee , Kang Woo Young , Hong Suk-Joo , Kang Chang Ho , Ahn Kyung-Sik , Kim Baek Hyun , Shim Euddeum 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
The synovium may be affected by a wide spectrum of disorders, including inflammatory, infectious, degenerative, traumatic, hemorrhagic, and
tumorous conditions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a valuable imaging modality to characterize synovial disorders. Most abnormal lesions
appear as areas of nonspecific high signal intensity on T2-weighted images (T2-WI) due to high water content or increased perfusion. However, T2
hypointensity can be attributed to blood components of varying ages, calcification, inorganic crystals, fibrosis, caseous necrosis and/or amyloid
deposition. Hypointense lesions on T2-WI are infrequent and additional clinical and imaging characteristics can help to limit the list of differential
diagnoses, which may include tenosynovial giant cell tumor, synovial chondromatosis, rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculous arthritis, chronic
tophaceous gout, amyloid arthropathy, synovial hemangioma, lipoma arborescens and hemosiderotic synovitis. Recently, susceptibility weighted
imaging has been developed and may contribute to more accurate diagnosis for deoxygenated blood and calcium. We review the MRI features of
hypointense synovial lesions on MRI and emphasize the characteristic findings that suggest a correct diagnosis.
The Potential of Nanotechnology to Replace Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Amanat Muhammad Ammar , Farrukh Anum , Ishaq Muhammad Umer Bin Muhammad , Bin Shafqat Binyameen , Haidri Saqib Hussain , Amin Rehab , Sameen Rafia , Kamal Tahira , Riaz Muhammad Naeem , Quresh Waleed , Ikram Rabia , Ali Ghulam Muhammad , Begum Sania , Bangash Sajid Ali Khan , Kaleem Imdad , Bashir Shahid , Khattak Sahir Hameed 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:Stem cells, which were initially identified in the 1900s, are distinct cells with the potential to replenish themselves as well as differentiate into specialised cells with certain forms and functions. Cancer stem cells play a significant role in the growth and recurrence of the tumours and, similar to normal stem cells, are capable of proliferating and differentiating. Traditional cancer treatments are ineffective against cancer stem cells, which leads to tumour regrowth. Cancer stem cells are thought to emerge as a result of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition pathways. Brain, prostate, pancreatic, blood, ovarian, lung, liver, melanomas, AML, and breast cancer stem cells are among the most prevalent cancer forms. This review aims to comprehend the possibility of using specific forms of nanotechnology to replace cancer stem cells. In terms of nanotechnology, magnetic nanoparticles can deliver medications, especially to the target region without harming healthy cells, and they are biocompatible. In order to kill glioma cancer stem cells, the gold nanoparticles bond with DNA and function as radio sensitizers. In contrast, liposomes can circulate and traverse biological membranes and exhibit high therapeutic efficacy, precise targeting, and better drug release. Similar to carbon nanotubes, grapheme, and grapheme oxide, these substances can be delivered specifically when utilized in photothermal therapy. Recent treatments including signaling pathways and indicators targeted by nanoparticles are being researched. Future research in nanotechnology aims to develop more effective and targeted medicinal approaches. The results of the current investigation also showed that this technology's utilization will improve medical therapy and treatment.
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Outbreak What You Need to Know
Authors: Singh Amandeep , John Okesanya Olalekan , Bisola Bello Barakat 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
HFMD is an obvious disease in children mostly below the age of five constituting a public
health challenge to Asian-Pacific and developing countries majorly. This disease is often caused by
enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackievirus A16. HFMD is a mild degree fever and general illness
which manifests for about 10 days. Young age, male gender, poor hygiene, and high social contacts are
some risk factors. HFMD can be diagnosed clinically by isolating the virus from stool and pharynx and
identifying it on Light microscopic examination. Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay is a gold standard
for confirming the virus from swabbed lesions. Late confirmation could lead to severe complications.
There are no specific treatments and vaccines licensed for general use in the treatment of various serotypes
of HFMD. The major strategy to prevent and control this disease is to strictly follow the WHO 8
guidelines to curb the spread of the disease.
Targeting Cellular Senescence: A Potential Therapeutic approach for
Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Bhatt Lokesh Kumar , Singh Shrishti 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
Although Amyloid beta plaque and neurofibrillary tangles are considered the two main hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the mechanism by which they contribute is not clearly understood. Cellular senescence (CS) has been demonstrated to be a key characteristic of AD. Recent research suggests that persistent buildup of senescent cells over time results in protracted activation of inflammatory stress as an organism ages because of the accumulation of irreversible DNA damage and oxidative stress as well as the deterioration of immune system function. Studies on both humans and animals have shown evidence that CS is a crucial factor in AD. The brains of AD patients have been found to have senescent glial cells and neurons, and removal of these senescent cells results in a decrease in Amyloid beta plaque and Neurofibrillary tangles, along with improved cognitive functions. This review summarises recent results and the mechanism by which CS contributes to the development of AD, and how the elimination of senescent cells may be a therapeutic target in the management of AD.
Improvement in Pharmacological Activity of Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria
macrocarpa (Schef. Boerl)) Seed Extracts in Nanoemulsion Dosage Form:
In vitro and In vivo Studies
Authors: Agustin Eriska , Insanu Muhammad , Mauludin Rachmat 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) seed has various phytochemical compounds
and low pharmacological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Objective:
This research aimed to study nanoemulsion preparations of Mahkota Dewa seed (NE-BMD)
for their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Methods:
The nanoemulsion was prepared using an ultrasonication probe and followed by selecting two
formulations, F7 and F8. The anti-oxidant activity test was carried out using the DPPH method, meanwhile,
the anti-inflammatory activity test was conducted using the protein denaturation method with
Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) for in vitro studies. In addition, for in vivo studies, the plethysmometer
method was used with 1% carrageenan as an inducer.

Results:
The characterization of NE-BMD preparations showed that the particle size and polydispersity
index were 26,83 ± 1,27 nm (PI: 0.36 ± 0.03) and 30.73 ± 1.50 nm (PI: 0.32 ± 0.06) for NE-BMD F7
and F8 formulation, respectively. In addition, the anti-oxidant activity test revealed that the IC50 values
of NE_BMD F7 and F8 were 15.62 ± 1.40 μg/ml and 28.39 ± 4.69 μg/ml, respectively. The protein denaturation
test showed that the IC50 values for NE-BMD F7 and F8 were 94.39 ± 1.24 μg/ml and 196.63
± 1.61 μg/ml, respectively. Meanwhile, the study of anti-inflammatory in vivo for NE-BMD F7 with a 1
g/kg BW dose showed a significant improvement in anti-inflammatory activity compared to BMD extract.

Conclusion:
This research suggests that due to the smaller drug particle size, the nanoemulsion dosage
form of Mahkota Dewa seed extract has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, thus emerging as
an adjunct alternative treatment for inflammation.