bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the use of PPPs for upgraded urban water infrastructure
Authors: Vyas-Doorgapersad Shikha 
Published: May 2023

Clean, sufficient water is becoming increasingly scarce worldwide, particularly in African metropolitan areas. Today's urban water systems face several challenges, including, among other things, migration from rural to urban areas, climate change, natural disasters, and a lack of institutional capacity, expertise, and financial and human resources. As a result, governments across Africa are struggling to meet constitutional requirements to provide clean and sufficient water and sanitation. This article aims to investigate the value of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in improving Africa's urban water infrastructure. The research in this article was qualitative. Data were gathered through a literature review, and conceptual analysis was used. The findings show that a variety of factors are at work.
Using social media marketing in the digital era: A necessity or a choice
Authors: Khanom Musammat Tahmina 
Published: May 2023

Today is the era of digitalization. Nowadays, people prefer to attach their lives to social media presence on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, and LinkedIn. Hence, manufacturers and producers use social media tremendously in this digital era to reach customers with their products and services. Thus, social media marketing has become famous for businesses to promote their products or services, engage with their customers, and build brand awareness. The present study focuses on reviewing the mediating role played by several social media platforms to gain the interest of consumers. This paper also aims to analyze the necessity of social media marketing compared to other marketing communication and promotion forms. This paper helps the reader decide whether to depend on social media only for marketing purposes or whether there can be a choice of another means. Without analyzing the pros and cons, relying heavily on social media platforms for marketing is not always a good idea. The author employed a qualitative and descriptive method for constructing the paper. This paper will review the literature regarding social media marketing compared to other means, try to recommend, and shed light on selecting the right marketing platform by different marketers. The study's main findings demonstrate that measures should be taken to enhance responsible use and limit some of its harmful effects. Furthermore, in providing insights into whether social media marketing is a necessity or a choice, the author suggests that productive utilization should be the main priority for all, whether social media or other platforms.
The effect of minimum wage increases on inflation
Authors: Dervishi Bulent 
Published: May 2023

The wage level that employers cannot legally go below by setting a floor limit on wages is called the "minimum wage". In other words, the minimum wage is usually the lowest wage determined to meet the basic needs of workers. This wage is set to raise the living standards of workers and to reduce poverty. As a result of the increases in food prices in international markets in 2021 and especially in 2022, a food crisis emerged in the world economy in 2022. While the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic were overcome in 2021, the prices increased as a result of increased demand, on the other hand, at the beginning of 2022, the Russia-Ukraine tension triggered the food crisis while pushing food prices up. While rising prices affected fixed incomes the most, it became necessary to increase the minimum wage. Increasing the minimum wage encourages consumption by reducing poverty and increasing fixed income (workers) well-being. The increase in the minimum wage encourages consumption by reducing poverty and increases the welfare of the fixed income (workers), and on the one hand, increases the costs of the producers and leads to a decrease in production and unemployment. While increases can help improve workers' living standards, they can also have negative effects, such as reducing worker numbers or increasing costs for some businesses. The main purpose of this research is to examine that while increasing the minimum wage in the inflationary period is inevitable, it will again increase the general level of prices and trigger inflation.
Free methyl salicylate and its glycosides mapping in monovarietal Italian white wines
Authors: Piergiovanni Maurizio , Masuero Domenico , Carlin Silvia , Luzzini Giovanni , Furlan Nicole , Slaghenaufi Davide , Ugliano Maurizio , Rolle Luca , Río Segade Susana , Piombino Paola , Pittari Elisabetta , Versari Andrea , Parpinello Giuseppina Paola , Marangon Matteo , Mayr Marangon Christine , Mattivi Fulvio 
Published: May 2023

Aroma is an identifying characteristic of wines and is of crucial importance for the consumer appreciation. Among all odour-active compounds, some key molecules appear only after ageing and give a strong contribution to both identity and added value of the wine bottle. Methyl salicylate (MeSA) is an odorant which usually appears after ageing and could provide an increase in fruity aromas and freshness. This odour-active ester can be found mainly bound to one or more carbohydrates, forming a glycoside. In wines, the hydrolysis of glycosides contributes to the aroma evolution of wine. In our previous works, MeSA was found in relevant content, both in bound and free form, in some genetically related Italian varieties such as Trebbiano di Lugana, Trebbiano di Soave (both employed in the production of Lugana wines), and Verdicchio. In this research, a straightforward filter-and-shot LC-MS/MS method was used for the determination of 7 different MeSA glycosides in 246 samples representative of 18 different monovarietal Italian white wines. MeSA glycosides were found in relevant concentrations in Verdicchio and Lugana wines, whereas they were determined for the first time in all others. Results were in accordance with the literature since Lugana and Verdicchio emerged for the total amount of glycosides, together with Erbaluce, whose richness was not known to date. This trend was observed for all analytes, with stronger intensity, especially in MeSA–glucoside, MeSA–gentiobioside and MeSA–violutoside. The triglycosylated form was not detected in any case. The same trend was also observed for the free form, whose value was not above the olfactory threshold for any sample. MeSA in all its forms also showed a qualitative trend, with MeSA - glucoside and MeSA–primeveroside emphasised in richer cultivars with also a characteristic pattern. The knowledge of the concentration of MeSA glycosides could be considered a potential predictor of the potential evolution of white wines towards balsamic-like nuances.
A single-cell multi-omics map of cell-type-specific mechanistic drivers of multiple sclerosis lesions
Authors: Elkjaer Maria , Hartebrodt Anne , Oubounyt Mhaned , Weber Anna , Vitved Lars , Reynolds Richard , Thomassen Mads , Rottger Richard , Baumbach Jan , Illes Zsolt 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Despite major progress in understanding the mechanisms in progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS), the underlying drivers of compartmentalized and sustained inflammation have not been resolved. To gain insights into the interplay between inter- and intra-cellular mechanisms and deconvolute the complex niche of lesion evolution, we have integrated single cell chromatin accessibility and transcriptome data for different white matter (WM) lesions from patients with PMS combined with spatial transcriptomics of chronic active lesion border. The PMS-specific oligodendrocyte genetic program was governed by the KLF/SP gene family involved in myelination and stress-induced iron uptake. The transferrin gene (TF) and its receptor LRP2 were highly expressed across all lesion types in oligodendrocytes suggesting autocrine communication of iron uptake and were co-localized at the outer border of the chronic active lesion. The genomic accessibility of the structural protein (VIM) and the cystine/glutamate antiporter (SLC7A11) was significantly reduced, and the genes were downregulated in oligodendrocytes. We identified oligodendrocytes expressing the osteopontin gene and complement at the outer edge of the chronic active lesion. We describe a metabolic astrocyte phenotype at the lesion border and an astrocytic-neuronal axis through FGF signaling (FGFR3-FGF13) inside the chronic active lesion. We also identified two distinct B cell co-expression networks with different location and gene expression preferring different lesion types. With single cell multi-omics, we were able to get a snapshot of specific cell types with distinctive molecular signatures and pathways, including their interactions and locations contributing to lesion fate.
Sensitivity Analysis of Counterweight Double-Row Pile Deformation to Weak Stratum Parameters
Authors: Wang Qiongyi , Zou Liang , Niu Yungang , Ma Fenghai , Lu Shasha , Zhang Cun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
For deep excavation projects with weak strata such as filled stones and mud, not only is excavation difficult, but instability and deformation problems are also prone to occur. In order to explore the sensitivity of weak strata parameters to the deformation of counterweight double-row piles, this paper takes a deep foundation pit project in Shenzhen as the research background, uses the finite element analysis software MIDAS GTS NX to conduct numerical simulation analysis of the excavation process of the foundation pit project, and compares the numerical simulation analysis results with on-site measured data. Finally, orthogonal test method and theoretical analysis method are used to analyze the sensitivity of three weak strata parameters on the deformation of counterweight double-row piles. The results show that the cohesive force C is the key influencing factor, the internal friction angle φ is an important influencing factor, and the elastic modulus E is a general influencing factor. The research results have certain engineering guidance significance for the design and construction of deep foundation pit projects in weak strata.
The Impact of Overnight Work on Employee's Health and Lifestyle among Korean Adults: An Age-and Gender-Matched Study
Authors: Hwang In-Whi , Choe Ju-Pil , Hwang Soo-Ji , Shen Jun-Hao , Lee Jung-Min 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Shift work has become more widespread globally as the demand for round-the-clock production and service industries continues to grow. This study investigated the health and lifestyle disparities between day and overnight workers, focusing on the impact of work schedules on employee health. We used the raw data from the 2018–2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey involving 604 adult workers. The results revealed that overnight workers faced increased risks for health concerns such as sleep deprivation (weekday sleep time: Day = 6.78 ± 1.35, Overnight = 6.36 ± 1.65, p < 0.00), type 2 diabetes (HbA1c (%): O.R = 5.66, 95% CI: 2.57–12.45) compared to day workers. Furthermore, sedentary behavior time (≥ 601 minutes: O.R = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.25–3.60) and lifestyle factors (white-collar workers: O.R = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.28–0.85, low-income individuals: O.R = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.28–4.19, smoking status: O.R = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.70–4.43) were found to be associated with the likelihood of working overnight. The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions, policies, and collaboration to address overnight workers' unique challenges, support their well-being, and raise awareness of associated health risks.
Multi-view image-text emotion analysis network
Authors: Gao Weijun , Sun Zibo , Liu Shujun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

A range of techniques to convey emotions through visuals and texts have emerged as a result of the rise of social media and the diversification of information delivery channels. The study of social media emotion based on texts and images has grown in popularity in recent years. Multimodal sentiment analysis approaches have advanced quickly since deep learning and some fusion algorithms first appeared. Existing multimodal models, however, have the issue of overlooking the lack of alignment between various modalities and the insufficient extraction of information for a single view of an image, which produces less-than-ideal results.In order to capture the correlation between objects and scenes in images and text, we introduces a cross-modal alignment module into the Multi-view Image Text Sentiment Analysis Network (MITN). Additionally, a stacked pooling module is used to combine multimodal data. On the MVSA-Single and MVSA-Multi datasets, experimental results demonstrate that the MITN suggested in this paper outperforms the baseline model.
Microwave-induced Reactions for Pyrrole Synthesis
Authors: Kamboj Monika , Bajpai Sangeeta , Banik Bimal Krishna 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Heterocycles are organic compounds, the most important pharmaceutical skeleton
widely distributed in nature. Many of them possess medicinal as well as pharmacological activities.
Pyrroles are well-known five-member-privileged scaffolds with pharmaceutical potential.
Pyrrole is the component of complex macrocycles, including porphyrins of heme and
chlorophylls. Nowadays, the development of microwave-supported synthetic strategies for
such biologically relevant heterocycles is an important objective. Microwave-induced pyrrole
synthesis has become an environmentally benign route in organic transformation with reduced
reaction time and high yields. This mini-review focuses on the eco-friendly microwaveinduced
synthesis of pyrroles, their derivatives, and their potential pharmacological applications,
covering literature up to 2022.
Development of Tumor Markers for Breast Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Fang Qianqian , Shen Guoshuang , Xie Qiqi , Guan Yumei , Liu Xinlan , Ren Dengfeng , Zhao Fuxing , Liu Zhilin , Ma Fei , Zhao Jiuda 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Although breast cancer treatment has been developed remarkably in recent
years, it remains the primary cause of death among women. Immune checkpoint
blockade therapy has significantly altered the way breast cancer is treated, although not
all patients benefit from the changes. At present, the most effective mechanism of
immune checkpoint blockade application in malignant tumors is not clear and efficacy
may be influenced by many factors, including host, tumor, and tumor microenvironment
dynamics. Therefore, there is a pressing need for tumor immunomarkers that can be
used to screen patients and help determine which of them would benefit from breast
cancer immunotherapy. At present, no single tumor marker can predict treatment
efficacy with sufficient accuracy. Multiple markers may be combined to more accurately
pinpoint patients who will respond favorably to immune checkpoint blockade medication.
In this review, we have examined the breast cancer treatments, developments in
research on the role of tumor markers in maximizing the clinical efficacy of immune
checkpoint inhibitors, prospects for the identification of novel therapeutic targets, and the
creation of individualized treatment plans. We also discuss how tumor markers can
provide guidance for clinical practice.
Community-Led, Cross-Sector Partnership of Housing and Health Care to Promote Aging in Place (Unite Health Project): Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Skolarus Lesli , Thrash-Sall Erica , Hellem Abby Katherine , Giacalone Jr Michael , Burke James , Lin Chun Chieh , Bailey Sarah , Corches Casey , Dinh Mackenzie , Casetti Amanda , Mansour Maria , Bowie Kaitlyn , Roth Rylyn , Whitfield Candace , Sales Anne 
Published: May 2023

Background
For many older Americans, aging in place is their preferred living arrangement. Minoritized and socioeconomically disadvantaged older adults are up to 3 times more likely to experience disability than other groups, which increases their likelihood of being unable to age in place. Bold ideas to facilitate aging in place, particularly among vulnerable populations, are needed. One such idea is the Unite care model, a community-initiated, academic-supported, cross-sector initiative that combines 2 sectors: housing and health care. The Unite care model colocates a federally qualified health center clinic on an older adult affordable housing campus in Flint, Michigan.

Objective
There are two aims to this study. Aim 1 is to evaluate the implementation of the Unite care model in terms of acceptability, adoption, and penetration. Aim 2 is to determine which older adults use the care model and whether the care model promotes aging in place through risk factor reduction and improvement in the physical and social environment.

Methods
We will assess the care model using a concurrent, exploratory mixed methods design. For aim 1, acceptability will be assessed through semistructured interviews with key stakeholder groups; adoption and penetration will be assessed using housing and health care records. For aim 2, residents residing in the Unite clinic building will participate in structured outcome assessments at 6 and 12 months. Risk factor reduction will be measured by change in systolic blood pressure from baseline to 12 months and change in the physical and social environment (item counts) will also be assessed from baseline to 12 months.

Results
Data collection for aim 1 began in July 2021 and is anticipated to end in April 2023. Data collection for aim 2 began in June 2021 and concluded in November 2022. Data analysis for aim 1 is anticipated to begin in the summer of 2023 and analysis for aim 2 will begin in the spring of 2023.

Conclusions
If successful, the Unite care model could serve as a new care model to promote aging in place among older adults living in poverty and older Black Americans. The results of this proposal will inform whether larger scale testing of this new model of care is warranted.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/47855
Determination of Economically Optimum Nitrogen Fertilizer for Bread Wheat in Shashemene District, West Arsi Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Kitila Kasahun , Chala Abay , Workina Mekonnen 
Published: May 2023

The objective of this study was to determine the bread wheat’s ideal level for nitrogen fertilizer applications on Eutric andosol. The treatments included phosphorus (0, 10, 20, 30, 40kg/ha) and nitrogen (0, 46, 69, & 92kg/ha) at four levels each in a factorial combined effect of complete block design with three replications. a 3m x 3m plot with a 150kg/ha seed rate was used. Wheat variety called “Ogolcho” was applied to evaluate the treatments. The results from the analysis of variance demonstrated that there were significant differences (p 0.05) between all of the applied treatments. The application of 46kg/ha N and 92kg/ha P2O5 together resulted in the highest grain yield (5358kg/ha), while the lowest grain yield was obtained. at the control treatment.. However, there are no significant differences (p<0.05) between the combined effects of Nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers levels above 46kg/ha on grain yield response. This implies that the application of N and P2O5 greater than 46kg/ha may not be economically important. Therefore, 69 N kg ha-1 N fertilizers was determined as economically feasible optimum N rates at 2655%, MRR on Eutric andosol in Shashemene district for Bread wheat.
FABRICATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF DISSOLVING MICRONEEDLE PATCH OF BUTORPHANOL TARTRATE
Authors: TIWARI AMAN , SHARMA SHUBHAM , SONI PRAKASH KUMAR , PASWAN SURESH KUMAR 
Published: May 2023

Objective: Butorphanol is a commonly used medication for the management of postoperative pain and suffers low bioavailability and high first-pass metabolism. The objective of the current studies was to develop a butorphanol tartrate-loaded dissolving microneedle patch to overcome the limitation of first-pass metabolism without causing any discomfort to the patient.
Methods: Butorphanol tartrate-loaded microneedle patch was prepared using Lapox resin micro-molds. The microneedle patch was optimized using the box-Behnken design and the quantity of PVA, HPMC K4M, and HPMC K15M was optimized and evaluated for fractured axial force, microscopic evaluation, in vitro drug permeation studies, and ex-vivo permeation experiments.
Results: The developed microneedle patch meets all the evaluation parameters within the desired range. The height and tip diameter of the microneedles were found to be 700 µm to 800 µm and 60 µm to 61 µm. An axial fractured force of the optimized microneedle patch was found to be 189.67 N, suitable for penetrating the stratum corneum. The in vitro cumulative % drug permeated showed the permeation of the drug for 8 h with a total of 89.12 %, which shows the permeation of the drug occurred in a controlled manner.
Conclusion: Butorphanol tartrate-loaded microneedle patch was successfully developed and the results concluded that the microneedles were hard enough to pass the stratum corneum and release the drug into the systemic circulation without reaching the pain receptors; further, the release study suggested that the drug was released for a prolonged period eliminating the problem of first-pass effect and frequent administration.
Ataque cibernético al Hospital Ciudad Neily, Caja Costarricense Seguro Social, acciones realizadas, 31 de mayo-31 de agosto 2022
Authors: Leandro Ulloa Marcela 
Published: May 2023

Objetivo. Describir el ciberataque y las acciones realizadas para mitigarlo, ocurrido en el periodo del 31 de mayo al 31 de agosto del 2022, en un hospital periférico 3 el Hospital Ciudad Neily (HCN) que pertenece a la Caja Costarricense Seguro Social, en la ciudad de Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Material y métodos. Es una investigación cualitativa observacional transversal en el periodo de tiempo del 31 de mayo al 31 de agosto del 2022. Resultados. En el HCN el 90% de los servidores sufrieron daños en su información; mientras que en la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social (CCSS) sufrieron daños aproximadamente el 85% de los servidores existentes. En el HCN de las 315 terminales finales (computadoras, tabletas, otras) fueron infectadas 120 (38%); mientras en la CCSS de las 39650 terminales finales se infectaron 9600 (27%). Conclusión. El ciberataque afectó los servidores y terminales finales que no tenían el software de Microclaudia, o que no lo tenían actualizado; además las que estaban encendidas en el momento del ataque o durante el mismo. Las acciones para atender la emergencia fueron determinación, valoración y repercusión de los daños el día del ciberataque; implementación de planes de contingencia para permitir la atención de los usuarios. Durante los meses posteriores se realizó la determinación de insumos para continuar las atenciones en físico, limpieza de los equipos para poder subir los sistemas y subida de sistemas electrónicos. Se deben de tomar medidas preventivas para futuros ciberataques que se determinaron con expertos en la materia.