bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children with problem-drinking parents in a Swedish national sample: is the risk of harm related to the severity of parental problem drinking?
Authors: Ramstedt Mats , Raninen Jonas , Larm Peter , Livingston Michael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this paper is to examine the link between severity in exposure to parental problem drinking in a Swedish national population sample of children aged 15–16 years. Specifically, we assessed whether the risk of poor health, poor relationships and a problematic school situation increase with severity in exposure to parental problem drinking.MethodsNational population survey from 2017 with a representative sample of 5 576 adolescents born in 2001. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). A short version of The Children of Alcoholics Screening Test, CAST-6, was used to identify children with problem-drinking parents. Health status, social relations and school situation were assessed by well-established measures.ResultsThe risk of having poor health, poor school performance and poor social relations increased with severity of parental problem drinking. The risk was lowest among children least severely affected (Crude models ranged from OR: 1.2, 95% CI 1.0–1.4 to OR: 2.2, 95% CI 1.8–2.6) and highest among children most severely affected (Crude models ranges from OR: 1.7, 95% CI 1.3–2.1 to OR: 6.6, 95% CI 5.1–8.6). The risk became lower when adjusting for gender and socioeconomic position but were still higher compared to children without problem-drinking parents.ConclusionsAppropriate screening and intervention programs are necessary for children with problem-drinking parents especially when exposure is severe but also at mild forms of exposure.
Deviations in the Z:A ratio disrupt sexual development in the eri silkmoth, Samia cynthia ricini
Authors: Yoshido Atsuo , Marec František 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) have sex chromosome systems with female heterogamety, and 2 models, W-dominance and Z-counting, have been proposed to determine sex. The W-dominant mechanism is well known in Bombyx mori. However, little is known about the Z-counting mechanism in Z0/ZZ species. We investigated whether ploidy changes affect sexual development and gene expression in the eri silkmoth, Samia cynthia ricini (2n = 27♀/28♂, Z0♀/ZZ♂). Tetraploid males (4n = 56, ZZZZ) and females (4n = 54, ZZ) were induced by heat and cold shock, and then, triploid embryos were produced by crosses between diploids and tetraploids. Two karyotypes (3n = 42, ZZZ and 3n = 41, ZZ) were identified in triploid embryos. Triploid embryos with 3 Z chromosomes showed male-specific splicing of the S. cynthia doublesex (Scdsx) gene, whereas 2-Z triploid embryos showed both male- and female-specific splicing. From larva to adult, 3-Z triploids showed a normal male phenotype, except for defects in spermatogenesis. However, abnormal gonads were observed in 2-Z triploids, which showed both male- and female-specific Scdsx transcripts not only in the gonads but also in somatic tissues. Two-Z triploids were thus obviously intersexes, suggesting that sexual development in S. c. ricini depends on the Z:A ratio and not only on the Z number. Moreover, mRNA-seq analyses in embryos showed that relative levels of gene expression are similar between samples with different doses of Z chromosomes and autosome sets. Our results provide the first evidence that ploidy changes disrupt sexual development but have no effect on the general mode of dosage compensation in Lepidoptera.
Parallel expansion and divergence of an adhesin family in pathogenic yeasts
Authors: Smoak Rachel A , Snyder Lindsey F , Fassler Jan S , He Bin Z 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Opportunistic yeast pathogens arose multiple times in the Saccharomycetes class, including the recently emerged, multidrug-resistant (MDR) Candida auris. We show that homologs of a known yeast adhesin family in Candida albicans, the Hyr/Iff-like (Hil) family, are enriched in distinct clades of Candida species as a result of multiple, independent expansions. Following gene duplication, the tandem repeat–rich region in these proteins diverged extremely rapidly and generated large variations in length and β-aggregation potential, both of which are known to directly affect adhesion. The conserved N-terminal effector domain was predicted to adopt a β-helical fold followed by an α-crystallin domain, making it structurally similar to a group of unrelated bacterial adhesins. Evolutionary analyses of the effector domain in C. auris revealed relaxed selective constraint combined with signatures of positive selection, suggesting functional diversification after gene duplication. Lastly, we found the Hil family genes to be enriched at chromosomal ends, which likely contributed to their expansion via ectopic recombination and break-induced replication. Combined, these results suggest that the expansion and diversification of adhesin families generate variation in adhesion and virulence within and between species and are a key step toward the emergence of fungal pathogens.
Role of Perceived Physical and Mental Fatigability Severity on Prospective, Recurrent, and Injurious Fall Risk in Older Men
Authors: Welburn Sharon C , Fanning Erin E , Cauley Jane A , Brown Patrick J , Strotmeyer Elsa S , Boudreau Robert M , Bear Todd M , Moored Kyle D , Cawthon Peggy M , Stone Katie L , Glynn Nancy W 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Falls occur annually in 25% of adults aged ≥65 years. Fall-related injuries are increasing, highlighting the need to identify modifiable risk factors.

Methods
Role of fatigability on prospective, recurrent, and injurious fall risk was examined in 1 740 men aged 77–101 years in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study. The 10-item Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale measured perceived physical and mental fatigability (0–50/subscale) at Year 14 (2014–16); established cut-points identified men with more severe perceived physical (≥15, 55.7%), more severe mental (≥13, 23.7%) fatigability, or having both (22.8%). Prospective, recurrent (≥2), and injurious falls were captured by triannual questionnaires ≥1 year after fatigability assessment; risk of any fall was estimated with Poisson generalized estimating equations, and likelihood of recurrent/injurious falls with logistic regression. Models adjusted for age, health conditions, and other confounders.

Results
Men with more severe physical fatigability had a 20% (p = .03) increased fall risk compared with men with less physical fatigability, with increased odds of recurrent and injurious falls, 37% (p = .04) and 35% (p = .035), respectively. Men with both more severe physical and mental fatigability had a 24% increased risk of a prospective fall (p = .026), and 44% (p = .045) increased odds of recurrent falling compared with men with less severe physical and mental fatigability. Mental fatigability alone was not associated with fall risk. Additional adjustment for previous fall history attenuated associations.

Conclusions
More severe fatigability may be an early indicator to identify men at high risk for falls. Our findings warrant replication in women, as they have higher rates of fatigability and prospective falls.
Prospective Memory Function Predicts Future Cognitive Decline and Incident Dementia
Authors: Browning Catherine A , Thompson Claire L , Kochan Nicole A , Brodaty Henry , Sachdev Perminder S , Henry Julie D 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to test whether prospective memory (PM) was an early cognitive marker of future cognitive decline and incident dementia using longitudinal data spanning 8 years from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study.

Methods
At baseline, 121 participants aged 72–91 years were tested in PM using a validated PM task, Virtual Week, which included time- and event-based tasks presented with varying regularity. Responses were scored “Correct” if completed accurately and “Missed” if the target was not remembered at any time. Measures of cognition were taken at baseline and 2-year intervals over 8 years. Dementia diagnoses were made by expert consensus panels using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria. Linear mixed models and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the data, controlling for potential confounds.

Results
Both decreased PM accuracy and missed PM responses were associated with rate of cognitive decline measured by Mini-Mental State Examination over 8 years and global cognitive decline over 4 years. Risk of incident dementia increased with poorer baseline PM ability and missed responses. These effects remained significant after controlling for baseline cognition and were strongest for event-based and regular PM tasks.

Discussion
PM is a sensitive early marker of future cognitive decline and risk of incident dementia. PM tasks supported by spontaneous retrieval (event-based) and those with lower retrospective memory demands (regular tasks) function as particularly sensitive predictors. In other words, deficits in performing less effortful PM tasks best predicted cognitive decline. These findings may encourage clinicians to incorporate PM tasks in clinical assessments.
Socially active neighborhoods: construct operationalization for aging in place, health promotion and psychometric testing
Authors: Asiamah Nestor , Bateman Andrew , Hjorth Peter , Khan Hafiz T A , Danquah Emelia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFrom the year 2003 when the first walkability scale was published to date, person-environment fit models and empirical research, some of which was published in Health Promotion International, have encapsulated healthy communities in ‘neighborhood walkability’. While there is no doubt that neighborhood walkability positively influences health-seeking behaviors and health, recent models suggest that their measurement and conceptualization have not emphasized the role played by psychosocial and personal factors in aging in place. Thus, the development of scales measuring human ecosystem factors has not recognized all critical factors suited for older adults. In this paper, we aim to draw on relevant literature to frame a more holistic construct, hereby referred to as Socially Active Neighborhoods (SAN), that would better support aging in place in older populations. Through a narrative review based on a systematic search of the literature, we define the scope of SAN and delineate some contextual implications for gerontology, health promotion and psychometric testing. SAN, unlike neighborhood walkability in its current measurement and conceptualization, incorporates critical theory-informed psychosocial factors (i.e. safety and disability friendliness of neighborhood infrastructure) that can encourage older adults with physiological and cognitive limitations to maintain physical and social activities as well as health in later life. The SAN is the result of our adaptation of key person-environment models, including the Context Dynamics in Aging (CODA) framework, that recognizes the role of context in healthy aging.
The Emergence and Evolution of Consumer Language Research
Authors: Packard Grant , Berger Jonah 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Over the last 50+ years, there has been a huge rise in interest in consumer language research. This article spotlights the emergence and evolution of this area, identifying key themes and trends and highlighting topics for future research. Work has evolved from exploration of broad language concepts (e.g., rhetorics) to specific linguistic features (e.g., phonemes) and from monologues (e.g., advertiser to consumer) to two-way dialogues (e.g., consumer to service representative and back). We discuss future opportunities that arise from past trends and suggest two important shifts that prompt questions for future research: the new shift toward using voice (vs. hands) when interacting with objects and the ongoing shift toward using hands (vs. voices) to communicate with people. By synthesizing the past, and delineating a research agenda for the future, we hope to encourage more researchers to begin to explore this burgeoning area.
The WTO and Vaccine Supply Chain Resilience during a Pandemic
Authors: Bown Chad P 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Cross-border supply chains and international trade enabled the manufacturing and delivery of billions of vaccine doses to inoculate the world against the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). At the same time, the pandemic revealed how the World Trade Organization (WTO) must change to become more useful in the face of a public health emergency. This paper describes the market failures—especially on the supply side—justifying the domestic subsidies and contracting arrangements used to accelerate vaccine research and development and to increase the scale of vaccine production to save lives, livelihoods, and economic activity during a pandemic. It highlights the trade-offs associated with the US subsidies and the priority-rated contracts written for vaccines through the Defense Production Act under Operation Warp Speed. This case study reveals a rich environment in which cross-border supply chains exacerbate input shortages in ways that constrain vaccine production, highlighting the need for the WTO to embrace new forms of international policy coordination for pandemic preparedness and response. As part of a pandemic treaty, the paper proposes a plurilateral agreement on vaccine supply chain resilience that would include novel and enforceable disciplines for export restrictions, provisions to trigger coordinated subsidies across countries to jointly scale up vaccine output and input production capacity, and market surveillance initiatives on supply chain transparency.
Transactional-governance structures:new cross-country data and an application to the effect of uncertainty
Authors: Murrell Peter , Karalashvili Nona , Francis David C 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
To what extent are personal trust, mutual interests, and third parties important in enforcing agreements to trade? How do firms combine these to form transactional-governance structures? This article answers these questions in a whole-economy, cross-country setting that considers a full spectrum of transactional-governance strategies. The data collection requires a new survey question answerable in any context. The question is applied in six South American countries using representative samples, with the resultant survey weights facilitating a whole-economy analysis. Without imposing an a priori model, latent class analysis estimates meaningful governance structures. Bilateralism is always used. Law is never used alone. Bilateralism and formal institutions are rarely substitutes. Within country, inter-regional variation in governance is greater than inter-country variation. The usefulness of the data is shown by testing one element of Williamson’s discriminating-alignment agenda: greater uncertainty in the transactional environment increases the involvement of third parties.
Hidradenitis suppurativa of the breast: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Fahrenhorst-Jones Travis , Theodore Jane E , Dauway Emilia L 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin condition characterised by recurrent abscesses, nodules, sinus tracts and fistulas. The condition has a known diagnostic delay and well-documented negative effect on the quality of life of patients. When affecting the periareolar region, there is a capacity for confusion with other more mainstream surgical conditions of the breast. We present a case of a 35-year-old woman who was diagnosed with an acutely painful breast nodule with periareolar erythema and induration who was repeatedly misdiagnosed due to cofounding features on clinical assessment. We present this case as a diagnostic dilemma to raise awareness of HS as a differential when assessing surgical breast patients.
Supercritical accretion of BeXRB SXP 15.3
Authors: Ghising Manoj , Rai Binay , Tobrej Mohammed , Tamang Ruchi , Paul Bikash Chandra 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We have studied the temporal and spectral properties of SXP 15.3, observed by NuSTAR in the hard energy range 3–79 keV during late 2018. Timing analysis of the NuSTAR observations predicts coherent pulsation at $15.2388\,\,\pm \,\,0.0002\, \mathrm{s}$. The pulse profiles in different energy bands demonstrate energy dependence. The shape of the pulse profile was generally suggestive of a fan-beam-dominated pattern, which, when combined with the measured luminosity, predicts that the source may be accreting in the supercritical regime. A non-monotonic increase in pulse fraction with energy was observed. The NuSTAR observations show that the pulse period of the source has spun up at a rate of −0.0176 s yr−1 compared with the previous analysis by the same observatory more than 1 year ago. The source flux in the present NuSTAR study in the 3–79 keV energy range is ${\sim }1.36\,\,\times \,\,10^{-10}\, \mathrm{erg\, cm}^{-2}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$, which corresponds to a luminosity of ${\sim }6\,\,\times \,\,10^{37}\, \mathrm{erg\, s}^{-1}$. Cyclotron line energy of the source is detected at ∼5 keV. Pulse-phase-resolved spectroscopy shows that the cyclotron line energy varies significantly with pulse phase and the photon index becomes softer with increasing flux. In addition, we have studied the evolution of the luminosity with time using 2017 and 2018 Swift/XRT observations. Analysis of the Swift/XRT data reveals that the photon index is positively correlated with the source luminosity, which is a characteristic of supercritical accretion phenomena.
The SAMI survey: evidence for dynamical coupling of ionized gas and young stellar populations
Authors: Foster Caroline , Vaughan Sam , Fraser-McKelvie Amelia , Brough Sarah , Bryant Julia J , Croom Scott M , D’Eugenio Francesco , Groves Brent , Konstantopoulos Iraklis S , López-Sánchez Ángel R , Oh Sree , Owers Matt S , Sweet Sarah M , van de Sande Jesse , Wisnioski Emily , Yi Sukyoung K , Zovaro Henry R M 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We explore local and global dynamical differences between the kinematics of ionized gas and stars in a sample of galaxies from Data Release 3 of the SAMI Galaxy Survey. We find better agreement between local (i.e. comparing on a spaxel-to-spaxel basis) velocities and dispersion of gas and stars in younger systems as with previous work on the asymmetric drift in galaxies, suggesting that the dynamics of stars and ionized gas are initially coupled. The intrinsic scatter around the velocity and dispersion relations increases with increasing stellar age and mass, suggesting that subsequent mechanisms, such as internal processes, divergent star formation, and assembly histories, also play a role in setting and altering the dynamics of galaxies. The global (flux-weighted) dynamical support of older galaxies is hotter than in younger systems. We find that the ionized gas in galaxies is almost always dynamically colder than the stars with a steeper velocity gradient. In absolute terms, the local difference in velocity dispersion is more pronounced than the local difference in velocity, possibly reflecting inherent differences in the impact of turbulence, inflow and/or feedback on gas compared to stars. We suggest how these findings may be taken into account when comparing high and low redshift galaxy samples to infer dynamical evolution.
Discovery of 37 new pulsars through GPU-accelerated reprocessing of archival data of the Parkes multibeam pulsar survey
Authors: Sengar R , Bailes M , Balakrishnan V , Bernadich M C i , Burgay M , Barr E D , Flynn C M L , Stevenson R Shannon S , Wongphechauxsorn J 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the discovery of 37 pulsars from ∼ 20 yr old archival data of the Parkes Multibeam Pulsar Survey using a new FFT-based search pipeline optimized for discovering narrow-duty cycle pulsars. When developing our pulsar search pipeline, we noticed that the signal-to-noise ratios of folded and optimized pulsars often exceeded that achieved in the spectral domain by a factor of two or greater, in particular for narrow duty cycle ones. Based on simulations, we verified that this is a feature of search codes that sum harmonics incoherently and found that many promising pulsar candidates are revealed when hundreds of candidates per beam even with modest spectral signal-to-noise ratios of S/N∼5–6 in higher-harmonic folds (up to 32 harmonics) are folded. Of these candidates, 37 were confirmed as new pulsars and a further 37 would have been new discoveries if our search strategies had been used at the time of their initial analysis. While 19 of these newly discovered pulsars have also been independently discovered in more recent pulsar surveys, 18 are exclusive to only the Parkes Multibeam Pulsar Survey data. Some of the notable discoveries include: PSRs J1635−47 and J1739−31, which show pronounced high-frequency emission; PSRs J1655−40 and J1843−08 belong to the nulling/intermittent class of pulsars; and PSR J1636−51 is an interesting binary system in a ∼0.75 d orbit and shows hints of eclipsing behaviour – unusual given the 340 ms rotation period of the pulsar. Our results highlight the importance of reprocessing archival pulsar surveys and using refined search techniques to increase the normal pulsar population.
Global simulations of Tayler instability in stellar interiors: a long-time multistage evolution of the magnetic field
Authors: Monteiro G , Guerrero G , Del Sordo F , Bonanno A , Smolarkiewicz P K 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Magnetic fields are observed in massive Ap/Bp stars and are presumably present in the radiative zone of solar-like stars. To date, there is no clear understanding of the dynamics of the magnetic field in stably stratified layers. A purely toroidal magnetic field configuration is known to be unstable, developing mainly non-axisymmetric modes. Rotation and a poloidal field component may lead to stabilization. Here we perform global MHD simulations with the EULAG-MHD code to explore the evolution of a toroidal magnetic field located in a layer whose Brunt-Väisälä frequency resembles the lower solar tachocline. Our numerical experiments allow us to explore the initial unstable phase as well as the long-term evolution of such field. During the first Alfven cycles, we observe the development of the Tayler instability with the prominent longitudinal wavenumber, m = 1. Rotation decreases the growth rate of the instability and eventually suppresses it. However, after a stable phase, energy surges lead to the development of higher-order modes even for fast rotation. These modes extract energy from the initial toroidal field. Nevertheless, our results show that sufficiently fast rotation leads to a lower saturation energy of the unstable modes, resulting in a magnetic topology with only a small fraction of poloidal field, which remains steady for several hundreds of Alfven traveltimes. The system then becomes turbulent and the field is prone to turbulent diffusion. The final toroidal–poloidal configuration of the magnetic field may represent an important aspect of the field generation and evolution in stably stratified layers.