bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting B Cells and Microglia in Multiple Sclerosis With Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Dybowski Sarah , Torke Sebastian , Weber Martin S. 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceCurrently, disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) use 4 mechanisms of action: immune modulation, suppressing immune cell proliferation, inhibiting immune cell migration, or cellular depletion. Over the last decades, the repertoire substantially increased because of the conceptual progress that not only T cells but also B cells play an important pathogenic role in MS, fostered by the empirical success of B cell–depleting antibodies against the surface molecule CD20. Notwithstanding this advance, a continuous absence of B cells may harbor safety risks, such as a decline in the endogenous production of immunoglobulins. Accordingly, novel B cell–directed MS therapies are in development, such as inhibitors targeting Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK).ObservationsBTK is centrally involved in the B cell receptor–mediated activation of B cells, one key requirement in the development of autoreactive B cells, but also in the activation of myeloid cells, such as macrophages and microglia. Various compounds in development differ in their binding mode, selectivity and specificity, relative inhibitory concentration, and potential to enter the central nervous system. The latter may be important in assessing whether BTK inhibition is a promising strategy to control inflammatory circuits within the brain, the key process that is assumed to drive MS progression. Accordingly, clinical trials using BTK inhibitors are currently conducted in patients with relapsing-remitting MS as well as progressive MS, so far generating encouraging data regarding efficacy and safety.Conclusions and RelevanceWhile the novel approach of targeting BTK is highly promising, several questions remain unanswered, such as the long-term effects of using BTK inhibitors in the treatment of inflammatory CNS disease. Potential changes in circulating antibody levels should be evaluated and compared with B cell depletion. Also important is the potential of BTK inhibitors to enter the CNS, which depends on the given compound. Remaining questions involve where BTK inhibitors fit in the landscape of MS therapeutics. A comparative analysis of their distinct properties is necessary to identify which inhibitors may be used in relapsing vs progressive forms of MS as well as to clarify which agent may be most suitable for sequential use after anti-CD20 treatment.
Changes in Body Mass Index Among School-Aged Youths Following Implementation of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010
Authors: Chandran Aruna , Burjak Mohamad , Petimar Joshua , Hamra Ghassan , Melough Melissa M. , Dunlop Anne L. , Snyder Brittney M. , Litonjua Augusto A. , Hartert Tina , Gern James , Alshawabkeh Akram N. , Aschner Judy , Camargo Carlos A. , Dabelea Dana , Duarte Cristiane S. , Ferrara Assiamira , Ganiban Jody M. , Gilliland Frank , Gold Diane R. , Hedderson Monique , Herbstman Julie B. , Hockett Christine , Karagas Margaret R. , Kerver Jean M. , Lee-Sarwar Kathleen A. , Lester Barry , McEvoy Cindy T. , Niu Zhongzheng , Stanford Joseph B. , Wright Rosalind , Zimmerman Emily , Farzan Shohreh , Zhang Zhumin , Knapp Emily 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceThe prevalence of obesity among youths 2 to 19 years of age in the US from 2017 to 2018 was 19.3%; previous studies suggested that school lunch consumption was associated with increased obesity. The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 (HHFKA) strengthened nutritional standards of school-based meals.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between the HHFKA and youth body mass index (BMI).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was conducted using data from the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes program, a nationwide consortium of child cohort studies, between January 2005 and March 2020. Cohorts in the US of youths aged 5 to 18 years with reported height and weight measurements were included.ExposuresFull implementation of the HHFKA.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was annual BMI z-score (BMIz) trends before (January 2005 to August 2016) and after (September 2016 to March 2020) implementation of the HHFKA, adjusted for self-reported race, ethnicity, maternal education, and cohort group. An interrupted time-series analysis design was used to fit generalized estimating equation regression models.ResultsA total of 14 121 school-aged youths (7237 [51.3%] male; mean [SD] age at first measurement, 8.8 [3.6] years) contributing 26 205 BMI measurements were included in the study. Overall, a significant decrease was observed in the annual BMIz in the period following implementation of the HHFKA compared with prior to implementation (−0.041; 95% CI, −0.066 to −0.016). In interaction models to evaluate subgroup associations, similar trends were observed among youths 12 to 18 years of age (−0.045; 95% CI, −0.071 to −0.018) and among youths living in households with a lower annual income (−0.038; 95% CI, −0.063 to −0.013).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, HHFKA implementation was associated with a significant decrease in BMIz among school-aged youths in the US. The findings suggest that school meal programs represent a key opportunity for interventions to combat the childhood obesity epidemic given the high rates of program participation and the proportion of total calories consumed through school-based meals.
Twelve weeks of self‐control training does not reduce aggression
Authors: Beames Joanne R. , Slavich Eve , Denson Thomas F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSelf‐control training (SCT) is a method of practicing self‐controlled behavior in one domain that enhances self‐controlled behavior in additional domains. We investigated whether 4 and 12 weeks of practicing self‐control would improve control over aggressive behavior. Relative to the active control group, SCT did not reduce aggression regardless of the training duration. We also did not find supportive evidence to suggest that theoretically relevant variables mediated or moderated the effects of SCT on aggression over time. Bayesian analyses showed greater support for the null hypotheses than the alternative hypothesis. Our experiment casts doubt on the long‐term effectiveness of using SCT for reducing reactive aggression. Additional research is necessary to identify the conditions under which SCT is most likely to facilitate control over aggressive behavior.
Enabling On‐Demand Conformal Zn‐Ion Batteries on Non‐Developable Surfaces
Authors: Ahn David B. , Kim Won‐Yeong , Lee Kwon‐Hyung , Lee Seong‐Sun , Kim Seung‐Hyeok , Park Sodam , Hong Young‐Kuk , Lee Sang‐Young 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConventional power sources encounter difficulties in achieving structural unitization with complex‐shaped electronic devices because of their fixed form factors. Here, it is realized that an on‐demand conformal Zn‐ion battery (ZIB) on non‐developable surfaces uses direct ink writing (DIW)‐based nonplanar 3D printing. First, ZIB component (manganese oxide‐based cathode, Zn powder‐based anode, and UV‐curable gel composite electrolyte) inks are designed to regulate their colloidal interactions to fulfill the rheological requirements of nonplanar 3D printing, and establish bi‐percolating ion/electron conduction pathways, thereby enabling geometrical synchronization with non‐developable surfaces, and ensuring reliable electrochemical performance. The ZIB component inks are conformally printed on arbitrary curvilinear substrates to produce embodied ZIBs that can be seamlessly integrated with complicated 3D objects (including human ears). The conformal ZIB exhibits a high fill factor (i.e., areal coverage of cells on underlying substrates, ≈100%) that ensures high volumetric energy density (50.5 mWh cmcell−3), which exceeds those of previously‐reported shape‐adaptable power sources.
Cu‐Modified Ti3C2Cl2 MXene with Zincophilic and Hydrophobic Characteristics as a Protective Coating for Highly Stable Zn Anode
Authors: Li Yanze , Zhu Qizhen , Xu Mengyao , Zang Biying , Wang Yue , Xu Bin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractZn anode is a promising candidate for aqueous batteries, but suffers from the dendrite growth and side reaction issues, leading to short cycling life and unsatisfactory reversibility. Herein, a Cu‐modified Ti3C2Cl2 MXene (Cu‐MXene) with high zincophilic and hydrophobic property is prepared with a one‐step molten salt etching method. Serving as a protective coating on Zn anode, the Cu‐MXene can provide massive nucleation sites and uniformize the charge distribution, leading to homogenous Zn deposition. Moreover, the hydrophobic coating can prevent the Zn anode from the aqueous electrolyte, beneficial for suppressing the side reactions such as hydrogen evolution reaction and corrosion. Therefore, the stable and reversible Zn plating/stripping is achieved for the Zn anode coated by the Cu‐MXene, which delivers an extended cycling life of over 1000 h with a low polarization within 120 mV at 10 mA cm−2, and a high coulombic efficiency of over 99.6% for 1100 cycles, indicating excellent stability and reversibility of Zn stripping/plating. The practical full cell coupled with NaV3O8·1.5H2O cathode also displays stable performance for 1000 cycles. The proposed Cu‐MXene coating reveals a promising prospect for designing highly stable Zn anode, which can also be extended to other energy storage systems based on metal anodes.
Hierarchically Macro–Microporous Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Proton Conduction
Authors: Zou Wenwu , Jiang Guoxing , Zhang Weifeng , Zhang Longhai , Cui Zhiming , Song Huiyu , Liang Zhenxing , Du Li 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAssembling molecular proton carriers into crosslinked networks is widely used to fabricate proton conductors, but they often suffer losses in conduction efficiency and stability accompanied by unclear causes. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), with well‐defined crystal frameworks and excellent stability, offer a platform for exploring the proton transfer process. Herein, a strategy to construct proton conductors that induce conductivity and stability by introducing bottom‐up hierarchical structure, mass transport interfaces, and host–guest interactions into the COFs is proposed. The proton‐transport platforms are designed to possess hierarchically macro–microporous structure for proton storage and mass transport. The protic ionic liquids, with low proton dissociation energies investigated by DFT calculation, are installed at open channel walls for faster proton motion. As expected, the resultant proton conductors based on a covalent organic framework (PIL0.5@m‐TpPa‐SO3H) with hierarchical pores increase conductivity by approximately three orders of magnitude, achieving the value of 1.02 × 10−1 S cm−1 (90 °C, 100% RH), and maintain excellent stability. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations reveal the mechanism of “hydrogen‐bond network” for proton conduction. This work offers a fresh perspective on COF‐based material manufacturing for high‐performance proton conductors via a protocol of macro‐micropores.
Controlling Kinetic Quenching Depth Toward High‐Performance and Photo‐Stable Organic Solar Cells Printed from a Non‐Halogenated Solvent
Authors: Li Min , Zhang Kangning , Qiao Jiawei , Wang Qian , Wang Linghua , Sun Ming , Ying Lei , Li Ning , Lu Peng , Yin Hang , Du Xiaoyan , Hao Xiaotao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe investigation of drying dynamics and kinetic quenching depth related degradation of high‐performance photoactive materials with scalable coating techniques demands significant research attention. Herein, film formation kinetics regulated crystallinity, preferential orientation and vertical phase separation of the active layers is revealed, which then further affects exciton diffusion, dissociation, charge‐transport and recombination processes. By suppressing over aggregation/crystallization in slow drying process and overcoming quenching of disordered liquid phase in fast‐dried films, the optimized PM6:BTP‐eC9‐based organic solar cells obtain power conversion efficiencies up to 16.81%. In addition, photoluminescence lifetime distribution is found to be an alternative probe for kinetic quenching depth that governs the degradation rate. This study provides valuable insights into the control of thin film formation kinetics during scalable processing and develops an effective way to associate the kinetic quenching depth with morphological degradation for mechanistic understanding of long‐term stability.
A Synthetic Dynamic Polyvinyl Alcohol Photoresin for Fast Volumetric Bioprinting of Functional Ultrasoft Hydrogel Constructs
Authors: Qiu Wanwan , Gehlen Jenny , Bernero Margherita , Gehre Christian , Schädli Gian Nutal , Müller Ralph , Qin Xiao‐Hua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTomographic volumetric bioprinting (VBP) enables fast photofabrication of cell‐laden hydrogel constructs in one step, addressing the limitations of conventional layer‐by‐layer additive manufacturing. However, existing biomaterials that fulfill the physicochemical requirements of VBP are limited to gelatin‐based photoresins of high polymer concentrations. The printed microenvironments are predominantly static and stiff, lacking sufficient capacity to support 3D cell growth. Here a dynamic resin based on thiol–ene photo‐clickable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and thermo‐sensitive sacrificial gelatin for fast VBP of functional ultrasoft cell‐laden hydrogel constructs within 7–15 s is reported. Using gelatin allows VBP of permissive hydrogels with low PVA contents of 1.5%, providing a stress‐relaxing environment for fast cell spreading, 3D osteogenic differentiation of embedded human mesenchymal stem cells and matrix mineralization. Additionally, site‐specific immobilization of molecules‐of‐interest inside a PVA hydrogel is achieved by 3D tomographic thiol–ene photopatterning. This technique may enable spatiotemporal control of cell‐material interactions and guides in vitro tissue formation using programmed cell‐friendly light. Altogether, this study introduces a synthetic dynamic photoresin enabling fast VBP of functional ultrasoft hydrogel constructs with well‐defined physicochemical properties and high efficiency.
Metal‐Coordinated Adsorption of Nanoparticles to Macrophages for Targeted Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhu Mao‐Hua , Zhu Xin‐Di , Long Mei , Lai Xing , Yuan Yihang , Huang Yanhu , Zhang Lele , Gao Yuhao , Shi Jiangpei , Lu Qin , Sun Peng , Lovell Jonathan F. , Chen Hong‐Zhuan , Fang Chao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLiving cell‐based drug delivery systems (LC‐DDSs) are limited by adverse interactions between drugs and carrier cells, typically drug‐induced toxicity to carrier cells and restriction of carrier cells on drug release. Here, a method is established to adsorb nanocarriers externally to living cells, thereby reducing cytotoxicity caused by drug uptake and realizing improved drug release at the disease site. It is found that a divalent metal ion‐phenolic network (MPN) affords adhesion of poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles onto macrophage (Mφ) surfaces with minimized intracellular uptake and no negative effect on cell proliferation. On this basis, an Mφ‐DDS with doxorubicin‐loaded nanoparticles on cell surface (DOX‐NP@Mφ) is constructed. Compared to intracellular loading via endocytosis, this method well‐maintains bioactivity (viability and migration chemotaxis) of the carrier cell. By virtue of the photothermal effect of MPN at the tumor site, DOX‐NP‐associated vesicles are liberated for improved chemotherapy. This facile, benign, and efficient method (ice bath, 2 min) for extracellular nanoparticle attachment and minimizing intracellular uptake provides a platform technology for LC‐DDS development.
Understanding the Composition of Layer‐by‐Layer Deposited Active Layer at Buried Bottom Surface
Authors: Feng Kai , Chen Linya , Cheng Jingyu , Wei Wanxia , Liu Yang , Xie Cong , Lu Xin , Gu Honggang , Xiong Sixing , Zhou Yinhua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLayer‐by‐layer (LbL) coating is becoming a widely used method to fabricate nonfullerene active layer films for organic solar cells. However, the vertical compositional distribution of the LbL‐coated active layer, particularly at the buried bottom surface, is not clear yet. In common sense, it is believed that the LbL‐coating yields a donor–mixture–acceptor (D–m–A) vertical distribution in the active layer, i.e., a thin polymer donor layer at the bottom surface, a thin acceptor layer at the top surface and a donor‐acceptor mixture in the middle. In this study, it is shown that the LbL active layer vertically is an entire donor:acceptor mixture. A pure layer of polymer donor doesn't exist at the bottom surface. The LbL active layer delivers high performance in both conventional and inverted device structures. A thin polymer layer with different thicknesses (2, 6, 12 nm) is inserted at the bottom surface to study their effects on the device performance. Those inserted layers substantially deteriorate the device's performance. Furthermore, the assumption is further confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement on the exposed “originally buried” surface. This study sheds light on understanding the vertical compositional distribution of active layer via layer‐by‐layer solution processing.
Rational Manipulation of Epitaxial Strains Enabled Valence Band Convergence and High Thermoelectric Performances in Mg3Sb2 Films
Authors: Xie Sen , Liu Wei , Wan Xiaolin , Lyu Jianan , Yan Fan , Ouyang Yujie , Li Xianda , Liu Yong , Wang Ziyu , Wang Rui , Wu Jinsong , Zhang Qingjie , Tang Xinfeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStrain engineering is demonstrated to effectively regulate the functionality of materials, such as thermoelectric, ferroelectric, and photovoltaic properties. As the straightforward approach of strain engineering, epitaxial strain is usually proposed for rationally manipulating the electronic structure and performances of thermoelectric materials, but has rarely been verified experimentally. In this study, tunable and large epitaxial strains are demonstrated, as well as the resulting valence band convergence can be achieved in the Mg3Sb2 epi‐films with the choice of substrates. The large epitaxial strains up to 8% in Mg3Sb2 films represent one of the most striking results in strain engineering. The angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements and the theoretical calculations reveal the vital role of epitaxial strain in tuning the crystal field splitting and the band structure of Mg3Sb2. Benefiting from the appropriate manipulation of the crystal field effect via in‐plane compressive strain, the valence band convergence is unambiguously discovered in the strained Mg3Sb2 film grown on InP(111) substrate. As a result, a state‐of‐the‐art thermoelectric power factor of 0.94 mWm−1K−2 is achieved in the strain‐engineered Mg3Sb2 film, well exceeding that of the strain‐relaxed Mg3Sb2. The work paves the way for effectively manipulating epitaxial strain and band convergence for Mg3Sb2 and other thermoelectric films.
Building K–C Anode with Ultrahigh Self‐Diffusion Coefficient for Solid State Potassium Metal Batteries Operating at −20 to 120 °C
Authors: Wu Jian‐Fang , Zhou Wang , Wang Zixing , Wang Wei‐Wei , Lan Xuexia , Yan Hanghang , Shi Tuo , Hu Renzong , Cui Xiangyang , Xu Chaohe , He Xiangming , Mao Bing‐Wei , Zhang Tao , Liu Jilei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSolid state potassium (K) metal batteries are intriguing in grid‐scale energy storage, benefiting from the low cost, safety, and high energy density. However, their practical applications are impeded by poor K/solid electrolyte (SE) interfacial contact and limited capacity caused by the low K self‐diffusion coefficient, dendrite growth, and intrinsically low melting point/soft features of metallic K. Herein, a fused‐modeling strategy using potassiophilic carbon allotropes molted with K is demonstrated that can enhance the electrochemical performance/stability of the system via promoting K diffusion kinetics (2.37 × 10−8 cm2 s−1), creating a low interfacial resistance (≈1.3 Ω cm2), suppressing dendrite growth, and maintaining mechanical/thermal stability at 200 °C. A homogeneous/stable K stripping/plating is consequently implemented with a high current density of 2.8 mA cm−2 (at 25 °C) and a record‐high areal capacity of 11.86 mAh cm−2 (at 0.2 mA cm−2). The enhanced K diffusion kinetics contribute to sustaining intimate interfacial contact, stabilizing the stripping/plating at high current densities. Full cells coupling ultrathin K–C composite anodes (≈50 µm) with Prussian blue cathodes and β/β″‐Al2O3 SEs deliver a high energy density of 389 Wh kg−1 with a retention of 94.4% after 150 cycles and fantastic performances at −20 to 120 °C.
An In Situ Fabricated Graphene/Bipolar Polymer Hybrid Material Delivers Ultralong Cycle Life over 15 000 Cycles as a High‐Performance Electrode Material
Authors: Zhao Yang , Xu Nuo , Ni Minghan , Wang Ziyuan , Zhu Jie , Liu Jie , Zhao Ruiqi , Zhang Hongtao , Ma Yanfeng , Li Chenxi , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOrganic electrode materials are promising for the future energy storage systems owing to their tunable structures, abundant resources, and environmental friendliness. Many advanced lithium‐ion batteries with organic electrodes have been developed and show excellent performance. However, developing organic materials with overall superior performance still faces great challenges, such as low capacity, poor stability, inferior conductivity, and low utilization of active sites. To address these issues, a bipolar polymer (Fc‐DAB) is designed and further polymerized in situ with three‐dimensional graphene (3DG), offering a hybrid material (Fc‐DAB@3DG) with a variety of merits. Fc‐DAB possesses stable polymer backbone and multiple redox‐active sites that can improve stability and capacity simultaneously. The embedded highly conductive 3DG network endows Fc‐DAB@3DG with stable conductive framework, large surface area, and porous morphology all together, so the fast diffusion of ions/electrons can be achieved, leading to high utilization of active sites and enhanced electrochemical performance. As a result, Fc‐DAB@3DG cathode delivers capacity of ≈260 mA h g−1 at 25 mA g−1, ultra‐long cycle life over 15 000 cycles at 2000 mA g−1 with retention of 99.999% per cycle, and remarkable rate performance. The quasi‐solid Li‐metal battery and full cell fabricated using this material also exhibit superior electrochemical performance.
Step‐Edge‐Induced Patterning and Orientation Control of Crystalline Organic Semiconductor Films
Authors: Wang Zhifang , Martin‐Jimenez Daniel , Zhong Qigang , Ebeling Daniel , Schirmeisen Andre , Wang Hong , Wang Wenchong , Chi Lifeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOrientation control over micropatterned crystalline organic semiconductor film is crucial to achieve high device performance with small variation in organic electronics. Here, using Au patterned SiO2 substrates, a method is reported to realize high‐resolution patterning and orientation control of crystalline organic thin films simultaneously. The vacuum deposited N,N‐dioctyl‐3,4,9,10‐perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI‐C8) molecules can selectively diffuse to and nucleate on prepatterned Au stripes, resulting in patterned crystalline films with a preferential orientation distribution. Scanning tunneling microscope and high‐resolution atomic force microscope images reveal that the PTCDI‐C8 molecules first assemble on Au with perylene diimide cores in a laying down configuration, providing nucleation sites at the step edges for directional growth along the a‐axis of the molecule crystal. Subsequent deposition of molecules leads to orientated crystalline films growth due to the π packing of the perylene diimide cores, resulting in orientation control on micropatterned crystalline films. The finding provides a new strategy to grow oriented crystalline films for high device performance uniformity.