bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sandstone detection using three‐term amplitude variation with offset projection: A case study
Authors: Asaka Michinori 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSeismic amplitude variation with offset projection is widely used in the oil and gas industry to extract information contained in amplitude variation with offset responses. Traditional two‐term amplitude variation with offset projection, based only on intercept (A) and gradient (B), has been used in various ways, including hydrocarbon detection and the estimation of target properties such as water saturation. Three‐term amplitude variation with offset projection, in which A, B and curvature (C) are blended using two projection angles (χ and ψ), can also be used for the same purposes and has some advantages over the two‐term methods. The effectiveness of the three‐term amplitude variation with offset projection in the detection of sandstone has been investigated using field data. A sandstone detection workflow is proposed, which includes (1) defining the target attribute, (2) optimizing projection angle in the χ–ψ analysis plane painted with the target attribute and (3) confirming/refining the selected projection angle using the two‐term amplitude variation with offset projection‐C cross‐plot. The impact of anisotropy is taken into consideration, and the sandstone index is introduced as the target attribute. The sandstone detection workflow was applied for both synthetic and field data, which illustrates that three‐term methods offer an important perspective on noise in the amplitude variation with offset attributes: Noise in the third term is correlated with noise in the other terms so that including C can actually suppress noise to some extent, even if C looks unusable. Moreover, two‐term amplitude variation with offset projections are a subset of three‐term amplitude variation with offset projections; therefore, if C adds no information, this fact is revealed as the worst‐case outcome in the three‐term analysis; inclusion of C will never degrade results and there is no reason to exclude C a priori.
Variation in diversity–function relationships can be explained by species interactions
Authors: Montoya Daniel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResearch Highlight: Wu, D., Xu, C., Wang, S., Zhang, L., & Kortsch, S. (2022). Why are biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships so elusive? Trophic interactions may amplify ecosystem function variability. Journal of Animal Ecology, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365‐2656.13808. There is consensus that average trends of ecosystem functions increase with species diversity. However, large variations in ecosystem function (VEF) in systems with similar diversity levels are commonly observed, yet not understood. In this study, Wu et al. (2022) integrate empirical aquatic food webs with a multitrophic model to show that VEF generally shows a hump‐shaped pattern along the species richness gradient. This pattern is related to changes in taxa composition across trophic levels—the proportion of consumer species relative to basal species—along the gradient of species richness. Thus, VEF dependence on species diversity is driven by both bottom‐up and top‐down control that regulate taxa composition and taxa dominance. These results are corroborated with an independent food web dataset from the Gulf of Riga. An important implication of this study is that biodiversity loss may not only reduce the mean levels of ecosystem functioning, but also increase unpredictability of functions by generating greater function variability.
Effectiveness and safety of topical calcipotriol in the treatment of flat seborrheic keratosis on the face
Authors: Popadic Svetlana , Tomanovic Marija , Minic Snezana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSeborrheic keratosis is the most common slow‐growing, benign epithelial tumour, usually appearing on sun‐exposed areas. Treatment modalities for seborrheic keratosis may be uncomfortable and/or time‐consuming. We present a case series of 12 patients with solitary seborrheic keratosis localized on the face treated with 0.005% calcipotriol ointment. The treatment lasted 3–8 months and resulted in complete regression of the lesions. Remission (follow‐up period) lasted from 6 to 10 years. We conclude that topical calcipotriol may be a useful treatment option for seborrheic keratosis.
Targeting the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Lozano Omar , Marcos Patricio , Salazar‐Ramirez Felipe de Jesús , Lázaro‐Alfaro Anay F. , Sobrevia Luis , García‐Rivas Gerardo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading cause of death worldwide, share in common mitochondrial dysfunction, in specific a dysregulation of Ca2+ uptake dynamics through the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) complex. In particular, Ca2+ uptake regulates the mitochondrial ATP production, mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress, and cell death. Therefore, modulating the activity of the MCU complex to regulate Ca2+ uptake, has been suggested as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of CVDs. Here, the role and implications of the MCU complex in CVDs are presented, followed by a review of the evidence for MCU complex modulation, genetically and pharmacologically. While most approaches have aimed within the MCU complex for the modulation of the Ca2+ pore channel, the MCU subunit, its intra‐ and extra‐ mitochondrial implications, including Ca2+ dynamics, oxidative stress, post‐translational modifications, and its repercussions in the cardiac function, highlight that targeting the MCU complex has the translational potential for novel CVDs therapeutics.
Perspectives on medication safety from vulnerable older migrants and their relatives—A qualitative explorative study
Authors: Lynnerup Camilla , Rossing Charlotte , Sodemann Morten , Ryg Jesper , Pottegård Anton , Nielsen Dorthe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLittle is known about the combined effect of several risk factors occurring simultaneously, and the perspectives of patients with language barriers or dementia are lacking because these patients are often excluded as research participants. This study aimed at investigating medication safety among older migrants with cognitive disorders who use five or more medications daily from the perspective of older patients and their relatives. Eight semi‐structured interviews with patients and relatives were conducted in their homes. The study adopted an inductive hermeneutic phenomenological approach and used both “Analyzing the present” and “Systematic text condensation” as inspiration for the analysis. Three main themes were identified: (i) potential medication safety and threats, (ii) communication and missing medication information and (iii) everyday life with medication. Threats to medication safety included medication perceptions, health perceptions, and cognitive impairment of the patient as well as miscommunication among departments, wrong diagnosis and medication, and unlocked medication cabinets. However, most families expressed having no problems concerning medication, which could be a result of limited engagement of the patient and relatives in the medical treatment and limited medication information provided to the families by healthcare professionals.
Ligustilide induces apoptosis and reduces proliferation in human bladder cancer cells by NFκB1 and mitochondria pathway
Authors: Yin Liqi , Ying Lu , Guo Rui , Hao Mingxuan , Liang Youfeng , Bi Ying , Chen Yuan , Yu Changyuan , Yang Zhao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLigustilide (LIG), the bioactive constituent of Angelica sinensis, may exert potential benefits in cancer treatment. However, the potential mechanism of LIG in the suppression of bladder cancer (BC) has not been reported yet. This study uncovered the inhibitory effect of LIG on the proliferation and cell cycle arrest of BC cells (T24 and EJ‐1) along with unveiling the underlying molecular mechanism. The IC50 values of LIG‐treated T24 for 24 and 48 h are 39.91 μg/mL (209.8 μM) and 40.94 μg/mL (215.2 μM) separately. The same conditions, the IC50 values of EJ‐1 are 45.73 μg/mL (240.4 μM) and 43.81 μg/mL (230.3 μM), separately. Additionally, LIG induced apoptosis and cycle arrest of T24 and EJ‐1 cells in sub‐G1 phase. Further studies showed that LIG induced apoptosis of BC cells by upregulating Caspase‐8, truncated BID (tBID) and BAX proteins, and downregulating NFκB1 (p50) protein. In conclusion, LIG significantly inhibits the growth of BC cells in vitro and in vivo by inducing apoptosis and is inexpensive, making it a promising candidate for novel anti‐BC drugs.
Cytotoxic effects of neolignans from Saururus cernuus (Saururaceae) against prostate cancer cells
Authors: Toneto Nicholas Pietro Agulha , de Brito Juliana Ribeiro , Sartorelli Patricia , Uemi Miriam , Gonçalves Marina de Monroe , de Rubio Ileana Gabriela Sánchez , Lago João Henrique Ghilardi , Tamura Rodrigo Esaki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, five neolignans were isolated from Saururus cernuus—threo‐dihydroguaiaretic acid (1), threo‐austrobailignan‐6 (2), threo‐austrobailignan‐5 (3), verrucosin (4), and saucernetin (5)—and have their cytotoxic effects evaluated in prostate cancer cell lines (PC3 and DU145). Initially, using an in silico approach, tested compounds were predicted to be absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, be able to permeate the blood–brain barrier and did not show any alert in PAINS (pan‐assay structures interference). In vitro assays showed that compounds 2, 4, and 5 reduced cell viability of DU145 cell line at 100 μmol/L after 48 h while compounds 1 and 3 showed to be inactive at the same conditions. Furthermore, compounds 4 and 5 reduced cell number as early as in 24 h at 50 μmol/L and compound 2 showed effects at 100 μmol/L in 24 h against both cancer cell lines PC3 and DU145. Studies using flow cytometry were conducted and indicated that compound 4 induced strong necrosis and apoptosis whereas compound 5 induced strong necrosis. Otherwise, less active compound 2 did not show evidence of induction of apoptosis or necrosis, suggesting that its mechanism of action involves inhibition of cell proliferation. In conclusion, compounds 4 and 5 have been shown to be promising cytotoxic agents against prostate cancer cell lines and can be used as a starting point for the development of new drugs for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Trends in eczema prevalence in children and adolescents: A Global Asthma Network Phase I Study
Authors: Langan Sinéad Máire , Mulick Amy R. , Rutter Charlotte E. , Silverwood Richard J. , Asher Innes , García‐Marcos Luis , Ellwood Eamon , Bissell Karen , Chiang Chen‐Yuan , Sony Asma El , Ellwood Philippa , Marks Guy B. , Mortimer Kevin , Martínez‐Torres A. Elena , Morales Eva , Perez‐Fernandez Virginia , Robertson Steven , Williams Hywel C. , Strachan David P. , Pearce Neil ,   the Global Asthma Network Phase I Study Group
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundEczema (atopic dermatitis) is a major global public health issue with high prevalence and morbidity. Our goal was to evaluate eczema prevalence over time, using standardized methodology.MethodsThe Global Asthma Network (GAN) Phase I study is an international collaborative study arising from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC). Using surveys, we assessed eczema prevalence, severity, and lifetime prevalence, in global centres participating in GAN Phase I (2015–2020) and one/ both of ISAAC Phase I (1993–1995) and Phase III (2001–2003). We fitted linear mixed models to estimate 10‐yearly prevalence trends, by age group, income, and region.ResultsWe analysed GAN Phase I data from 27 centres in 14 countries involving 74,361 adolescents aged 13–14 and 47,907 children aged 6–7 (response rate 90%, 79%). A median of 6% of children and adolescents had symptoms of current eczema, with 1.1% and 0.6% in adolescents and children, respectively, reporting symptoms of severe eczema. Over 27 years, after adjusting for world region and income, we estimated small overall 10‐year increases in current eczema prevalence (adolescents: 0.98%, 95% CI 0.04%–1.92%; children: 1.21%, 95% CI 0.18%–2.24%), and severe eczema (adolescents: 0.26%, 95% CI 0.06%–0.46%; children: 0.23%, 95% CI 0.02%–0.45%) with larger increases in lifetime prevalence (adolescents: 2.71%, 95% CI 1.10%–4.32%; children: 3.91%, 95% CI 2.07%–5.75%). There was substantial heterogeneity in 10‐year change between centres (standard deviations 2.40%, 0.58%, and 3.04%), and strong evidence that some of this heterogeneity was explained by region and income level, with increases in some outcomes in high‐income children and middle‐income adolescents.ConclusionsThere is substantial variation in changes in eczema prevalence over time by income and region. Understanding reasons for increases in some regions and decreases in others will help inform prevention strategies.
Visual fields in glaucoma: Where are we now?
Authors: Lee Graham A. , Kong George Y. X. , Liu Chun‐Huei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVisual fields are an integral part of glaucoma diagnosis and management. COVID has heightened the awareness of the potential for viral spread with the practice of visual fields modified. Mask artefacts can occur due to fogging of the inferior rim of the trail lens. Fortunately, the risk of airborne transmission when field testing is low. The 24‐2c may be useful to detect early disease and the 10‐2 more sensitive to detect advanced loss. The SITA faster test algorithm is able to reduce testing time thereby improving clinic efficiency, however, may show milder results for moderate or severe glaucoma. The technician has an important role of supervising the visual field performance to achieve reliable output. Home monitoring can provide earlier detection of progression and thus improve monitoring of glaucoma as well as reduce the burden of in‐clinic assessments. Artificial Intelligence has been found to have high sensitivity and specificity compared to expert observers in detecting field abnormalities and progression as well as integrating structure with function. Although these advances will improve efficiency and guide accuracy, there will remain a need for clinicians to interpret the results and instigate management.
Importance of conserving large and old trees to continuity of tree‐related microhabitats
Authors: Kozák Daniel , Svitok Marek , Zemlerová Veronika , Mikoláš Martin , Lachat Thibault , Larrieu Laurent , Paillet Yoan , Buechling Arne , Bače Radek , Keeton William S. , Vítková Lucie , Begovič Krešimir , Čada Vojtěch , Dušátko Martin , Ferenčík Matej , Frankovič Michal , Gloor Rhiannon , Hofmeister Jeňýk , Janda Pavel , Kameniar Ondrej , Kníř Tomáš , Majdanová Linda , Mejstřík Marek , Pavlin Jakob , Ralhan Dheeraj , Rodrigo Ruffy , Roibu Catalin‐Constantin , Synek Michal , Vostarek Ondřej , Svoboda Miroslav 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProtecting structural features, such as tree‐related microhabitats (TreMs), is a cost‐effective tool crucial for biodiversity conservation applicable to large forested landscapes. Although the development of TreMs is influenced by tree diameter, species, and vitality, the relationships between tree age and TreM profile remain poorly understood. Using a tree‐ring‐based approach and a large data set of 8038 trees, we modeled the effects of tree age, diameter, and site characteristics on TreM richness and occurrence across some of the most intact primary temperate forests in Europe, including mixed beech and spruce forests. We observed an overall increase in TreM richness on old and large trees in both forest types. The occurrence of specific TreM groups was variably related to tree age and diameter, but some TreM groups (e.g., epiphytes) had a stronger positive relationship with tree species and elevation. Although many TreM groups were positively associated with tree age and diameter, only two TreM groups in spruce stands reacted exclusively to tree age (insect galleries and exposed sapwood) without responding to diameter. Thus, the retention of trees for conservation purposes based on tree diameter appears to be a generally feasible approach with a rather low risk of underrepresentation of TreMs. Because greater tree age and diameter positively affected TreM development, placing a greater emphasis on conserving large trees and allowing them to reach older ages, for example, through the establishment of conservation reserves, would better maintain the continuity of TreM resource and associated biodiversity. However, this approach may be difficult due to the widespread intensification of forest management and global climate change.
Seeing what is behind the smokescreen: A systematic review of methodological aspects of smoking interaction studies over the last three decades and implications for future clinical trials
Authors: Hermann Robert , Rostami‐Hodjegan Amin , Zhao Ping , Ragueneau‐Majlessi Isabelle 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSmoking drug interaction studies represent a common approach for the clinical investigation of CYP1A2 induction. Despite this important role, they remain an “orphan topic” in the existing regulatory framework of drug interaction studies, and important methodological aspects remain unaddressed. The University of Washington Drug Interaction Database (DIDB) was used to systematically review the published literature on dedicated smoking pharmacokinetic interaction studies in healthy subjects (1990 to 2021, inclusive). Various methodological aspects of identified studies were reviewed. A total of 51 studies met all inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Our review revealed that methods applied in smoking interaction studies are heterogeneous and often fall short of established methodological standards of other interaction trials. Methodological deficiencies included incomplete description of study populations, poor definition and lack of objective confirmation of smoker and nonsmoker characteristics, under‐representation of female subjects, small sample sizes, frequent lack of statistical sample size planning, frequent lack of use of existing markers of nicotine exposure and CYP1A2 activity measurements, and frequent lack of control of extrinsic CYP1A2 inducing or inhibiting factors. The frequent quality issues in the assessment and reporting of smoking interaction trials identified in this review call for a concerted effort in this area, if the results of these studies are meant to be followed by actionable decisions on dose optimization, when needed, for the effects of smoking on CYP1A2 victim drugs in smokers.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of computer‐aided detection systems for colonoscopy in Japan
Authors: Sekiguchi Masau , Igarashi Ataru , Toyoshima Naoya , Takamaru Hiroyuki , Yamada Masayoshi , Esaki Minoru , Kobayashi Nozomu , Saito Yutaka 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesThe usefulness of computer‐aided detection systems (CADe) for colonoscopy has been increasingly reported. In many countries, however, data on the cost‐effectiveness of their use are lacking; consequently, CADe for colonoscopy has not been covered by health insurance. We aimed to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of colonoscopy using CADe in Japan.MethodsWe conducted a simulation model analysis using Japanese data to examine the cost‐effectiveness of colonoscopy with and without CADe for a population aged 40–74 years who received colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with a fecal immunochemical test (FIT). The rates of receiving FIT screening and colonoscopy following a positive FIT were set as 40% and 70%, respectively. The sensitivities of FIT for advanced adenomas and CRC Dukes' A–D were 26.5% and 52.8–78.3%, respectively. CADe colonoscopy was judged to be cost‐effective when its incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) was below JPY 5,000,000 per quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) gained.ResultsCompared to conventional colonoscopy, CADe colonoscopy showed a higher QALY (20.4098 vs. 20.4088) and lower CRC incidence (2373 vs. 2415 per 100,000) and mortality (561 vs. 569 per 100,000). When the CADe cost was set at JPY 1000–6000, the ICER per QALY gained for CADe colonoscopy was lower than JPY 5,000,000 (JPY 796,328–4,971,274). The CADe cost threshold at which the ICER for CADe colonoscopy exceeded JPY 5,000,000 was JPY 6040.ConclusionsComputer‐aided detection systems for colonoscopy has the potential to be cost‐effective when the CADe cost is up to JPY 6000. These results suggest that the insurance reimbursement of CADe for colonoscopy is reasonable.
Species‐specific patterns in spatio‐temporal dynamics of juvenile chum salmon and their zooplankton prey in Otsuchi Bay, Japan, revealed by simultaneous eDNA quantification of diverse taxa from the same water samples
Authors: Minegishi Yuki , Wong Marty Kwok‐Shing , Nakao Mako , Nishibe Yuichiro , Tachibana Aiko , Kim Yoo‐Jun , Hyodo Susumu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo understand the spatio‐temporal dynamics of juvenile chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta and their zooplankton prey, the neritic Pseudocalanus newmani, the oceanic Eucalanus bungii, and Themisto japonica, we developed species‐specific environmental DNA (eDNA) quantification methods. First, we confirmed that juvenile chum salmon collected in Otsuchi Bay preyed on the target zooplankton by the stomach contents analyses using the developed assays. Size‐fraction analyses of the water collected in the bay showed that P. newmani and E. bungii DNA were derived mostly from nauplii and early copepodids. We then investigated the distribution and abundance of zooplankton and juvenile chum salmon in Otsuchi Bay using eDNA analyses of the same water samples collected from January to June in 2018 and 2019. Chum salmon DNA was found in the bay from the end of January to mid‐June. P. newmani DNA appeared across the bay throughout the season and were most abundant from February to May, while the other two species DNA were only found in spots, in lower quantities, from March to May. The timings that the zooplankton DNA quantities became greater were corresponded well to that of the Oyashio water intrusion into the bay. In addition, the environmental data indicates that P. newmani was possibly transported also by the Coastal Oyashio water in 2019. The present study successfully revealed species‐specific patterns in the dynamics of zooplankton and chum salmon, reflecting their ecological characteristics and oceanographic conditions, and showed the effectiveness of simultaneous eDNA quantifications for diverse taxa from the same water samples.