bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of reporting quality of cohort studies using real-world data based on RECORD: systematic review
Authors: Zhao Ran , Zhang Wen , Zhang ZeDan , He Chang , Xu Rong , Tang XuDong , Wang Bin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
Real-world data (RWD) and real-world evidence (RWE) have been paid more and more attention in recent years. We aimed to evaluate the reporting quality of cohort studies using real-world data (RWD) published between 2013 and 2021 and analyze the possible factors.

Methods
We conducted a comprehensive search in Medline and Embase through the OVID interface for cohort studies published from 2013 to 2021 on April 29, 2022. Studies aimed at comparing the effectiveness or safety of exposure factors in the real-world setting were included. The evaluation was based on the REporting of studies Conducted using Observational Routinely-collected health Data (RECORD) statement. Agreement for inclusion and evaluation was calculated using Cohen’s kappa. Pearson chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the possible factors, including the release of RECORD, journal IFs, and article citations. Bonferroni’s correction was conducted for multiple comparisons. Interrupted time series analysis was performed to display the changes in report quality over time.

Results
187 articles were finally included. The mean ± SD of the percentage of adequately reported items in the 187 articles was 44.7 ± 14.3 with a range of 11.1–87%. Of 23 items, the adequate reporting rate of 10 items reached 50%, and the reporting rate of some vital items was inadequate. After Bonferroni’s correction, the reporting of only one item significantly improved after the release of RECORD and there was no significant improvement in the overall report quality. For interrupted time series analysis, there were no significant changes in the slope (p = 0.42) and level (p = 0.12) of adequate reporting rate. The journal IFs and citations were respectively related to 2 areas and the former significantly higher in high-reporting quality articles.

Conclusion
The endorsement of the RECORD cheklist was generally inadequate in cohort studies using RWD and has not improved in recent years. We encourage researchers to endorse relevant guidelines when utilizing RWD for research.
Suggestions on the ideal method of conducting community screenings for older adults
Authors: Kouzuki Minoru , Tanaka Nobuto , Miyamoto Madoka , Urakami Katsuya 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Since dementia and frailty lead to a reduced quality of life and risk of needing long-term care in the older adults, we hypothesized that evaluations related to dementia and frailty would be useful and of high interest in screening for the older adults. Therefore, we conducted a community screening incorporating multiple simple evaluations related to dementia and frailty. In addition to various functional evaluations, we investigated interest in tests, thoughts on the disease, and the relationships between subjective (i.e., how one feels about oneself) and objective evaluations (i.e., the results of tests and rating scales). The purpose of this study was to examine the thoughts regarding tests and diseases and the functions that make it difficult to accurately perceive changes by oneself, and to obtain suggestions on the ideal method of community screening for the older adults.

Subjects/Methods
The participants were 86 people aged 65 and over living in Kotoura Town who participated in the community screening, for which we obtained background information and body measurements. We also assessed physical, cognitive and olfactory function, evaluated nutritional status, and we administered a questionnaire (interest in tests, thoughts on dementia and frailty, and a subjective functional evaluation).

Results
Regarding interest in tests, the participants answers were highest for physical, cognitive and olfactory function, in that order (68.6%, 60.5%, and 50.0%, respectively). In the survey on thoughts on dementia and frailty, 47.6% of participants felt that people with dementia were viewed with prejudice, and 47.7% did not know about frailty. Regarding the relationship between subjective and objective evaluations, only the assessment of cognitive function did not show a correlation between both evaluations.

Conclusions
From the viewpoint of the participants’ degree of interest in and the need for accurate evaluations through objective examination, the findings suggest that the assessment of physical and cognitive function may be beneficial as a screening tool for older adults. Objective evaluation is essential, particularly for assessing cognitive function. However, approximately half the participants believed people with dementia were viewed with prejudice and did not know about frailty, which may lead to barriers to testing and low interest. The importance of increasing the participation rate in community screening through disease-related educational activities was suggested.
Bacterial findings in patients referred to hospital for the treatment of acute tonsillitis with or without peritonsillar phlegmon
Authors: Andersen Camilla , Greve Thomas , Reinholdt Kasper Basse , Kjaerulff Ann Marlene Gram , Udholm Nichlas , Khalid Vesal , Madzak Adnan , Duez Christophe , Münch Henrik , Pauli Søren , Danstrup Christian Sander , Petersen Niels Krintel , Klug Tejs Ehlers 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The vast majority of patients with acute tonsillitis (AT) are managed in general practice. However, occasionally patients are referred to hospital for specialized management because of aggravated symptoms and/or findings suggestive of peritonsillar involvement. No prospective studies have been conducted aiming to investigate the prevalent and significant microorganisms in this highly selected group of patients. We aimed to describe the microbiological findings of acute tonsillitis with or without peritonsillar phlegmon (PP) in patients referred for hospital treatment and to point out potential pathogens using the following principles to suggest pathogenic significance: (1) higher prevalence in patients compared to healthy controls, (2) higher abundance in patients compared to controls, and (3) higher prevalence at time of infection compared to time of follow up.

Methods
Meticulous and comprehensive cultures were performed on tonsillar swabs from 64 patients with AT with (n = 25) or without (n = 39) PP and 55 healthy controls, who were prospectively enrolled at two Danish Ear-Nose-Throat Departments between June 2016 and December 2019.

Results
Streptococcus pyogenes was significantly more prevalent in patients (27%) compared to controls (4%) (p < 0.001). Higher abundance was found in patients compared to controls for Fusobacterium necrophorum (mean 2.4 vs. 1.4, p = 0.017) and S. pyogenes (mean 3.1 vs. 2.0, p = 0.045) in semi-quantitative cultures. S. pyogenes, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Prevotella species were significantly more prevalent at time of infection compared to follow up (p = 0.016, p = 0.016, and p = 0.039, respectively). A number of species were detected significantly less frequently in patients compared to controls and the mean number of species was significantly lower in patients compared to controls (6.5 vs. 8.3, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Disregarding Prevotella spp. because of the prevalence in healthy controls (100%), our findings suggest that S. pyogenes, F. necrophorum, and S. dysgalactiae are significant pathogens in severe AT with or without PP. In addition, infections were associated with reduced diversity (dysbacteriosis).

Trial registration
The study is registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov protocol database (# 52,683). The study was approved by the Ethical Committee at Aarhus County (# 1-10-72-71-16) and by the Danish Data Protection Agency (# 1-16-02-65-16).
Effect of hydrogen/oxygen therapy for ordinary COVID-19 patients: a propensity-score matched case-control study
Authors: Zeng Yingying , Guan Weijie , Wang Kai , Jie Zhijun , Zou Xu , Tan Xiaoping , Li Xinyu , Chen Xiaohua , Ren Xiaoting , Jiang Junhong , Zheng Zeguang , Shi Jindong , Zhong Nanshan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Hydrogen/oxygen therapy contribute to ameliorate dyspnea and disease progression in patients with respiratory diseases. Therefore, we hypothesized that hydrogen/oxygen therapy for ordinary coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients might reduce the length of hospitalization and increase hospital discharge rates.

Methods
This retrospective, propensity-score matched (PSM) case–control study included 180 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from 3 centers. After assigned in 1:2 ratios by PSM, 33 patients received hydrogen/oxygen therapy and 55 patients received oxygen therapy included in this study. Primary endpoint was the length of hospitalization. Secondary endpoints were hospital discharge rates and oxygen saturation (SpO2). Vital signs and respiratory symptoms were also observed.

Results
Findings confirmed a significantly lower median length of hospitalization (HR = 1.91; 95% CIs, 1.25–2.92; p < 0.05) in the hydrogen/oxygen group (12 days; 95% CI, 9–15) versus the oxygen group (13 days; 95% CI, 11–20). The higher hospital discharge rates were observed in the hydrogen/oxygen group at 21 days (93.9% vs. 74.5%; p < 0.05) and 28 days (97.0% vs. 85.5%; p < 0.05) compared with the oxygen group, except for 14 days (69.7% vs. 56.4%). After 5-day therapy, patients in hydrogen/oxygen group exhibited a higher level of SpO2 compared with that in the oxygen group (98.5%±0.56% vs. 97.8%±1.0%; p < 0.001). In subgroup analysis of patients received hydrogen/oxygen, patients aged < 55 years (p = 0.028) and without comorbidities (p = 0.002) exhibited a shorter hospitalization (median 10 days).

Conclusion
This study indicated that hydrogen/oxygen might be a useful therapeutic medical gas to enhance SpO2 and shorten length of hospitalization in patients with ordinary COVID-19. Younger patients or those without comorbidities are likely to benefit more from hydrogen/oxygen therapy.
TACE sequential MWA guided by cone-beam computed tomography in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma under the hepatic dome
Authors: Li Zhaonan , Xu Kaihao , Zhou Xueliang , Jiao Dechao , Han Xinwei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
An assessment is being conducted to determine the safety and effectiveness of using Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-guided transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and microwave ablation (MWA) sequentially to treat small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) located in the hepatic dome.

Materials and methods
Fifty-three patients with small HCCs in the hepatic dome who underwent TACE combined with simultaneous CBCT-guided MWA were studied. Inclusion criteria were a single HCCs ≤ 5.0 cm or a maximum of three. The safety and interventional-related complications were monitored, and local tumor progression (LTP), overall survival (OS), and prognostic factors for LTP/OS were evaluated.

Results
The procedures were successfully accomplished in all patients. According to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), adverse reactions and complications are mainly Grade 1 or 2 (mild symptoms, no or local/noninvasive intervention indicated). Liver and kidney function and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels remained within a reasonable range after 4 weeks of treatment (both p < 0.001). The mean LTP was 44.406 months (95% CI: 39.429, 49.383) and the mean OS rate was 55.157 months (95% CI: 52.559, 57.754). The combination treatment achieved 1-, 3-, and 5-year LTP rates of 92.5%, 69.6%, and 34.5%, respectively; and 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates of 100.0%, 88.4%, and 70.2%, respectively. Results from both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that the tumor diameter (< 3 cm) and the distance to the hepatic dome (≥ 5 mm, < 10 mm) had a significant impact on the patient’s LTP and OS, and were related to better survival.

Conclusion
CBCT-guided TACE combined with simultaneous MWA was a safe and successful treatment of HCCs located under the hepatic dome.
Nutritional rickets presenting with developmental regression: a rare presentation of rickets
Authors: Pieridou Chariklia , Uday Suma 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRickets is a disorder of defective mineralisation of the growth plate. Vitamin D deficiency remains the leading cause of nutritional rickets worldwide.We present the case of a 3.5-year-old breastfed boy who presented with dental abscess when a history of developmental regression was noted. Clinical assessment revealed hypotonia, poor growth and stunting. Biochemistry identified hypocalcaemia (1.63mmol/L, [normal range (NR) 2.2-2.7mmol/L]), severe vitamin D deficiency (25hydroxyvitamin D 5.3nmol/L, [NR > 50nmol/L]) with secondary hyperparathyroidism (Parathormone 159pmol/L, [NR 1.6-7.5pmol/L]) and rickets on radiographs. Growth failure screening suggested hypopituitarism with central hypothyroidism and low IGF1 at baseline, however, dynamic tests confirmed normal axis. Management included nasogastric nutritional rehabilitation, cholecalciferol and calcium supplementation and physiotherapy. A good biochemical response in all parameters was observed within 3 weeks and reversal of developmental regression by 3 months from treatment. Developmental regression as a presentation of nutritional rickets is rare and requires a high index of suspicion.
Internalised stigma among people with mental illness in Africa, pooled effect estimates and subgroup analysis on each domain: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alemu Wondale Getinet , Due Clemence , Muir-Cochrane Eimear , Mwanri Lillian , Ziersch Anna 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Internalisation of stigma occurs when people with a stigmatised attribute, such as a mental illness, supress negative but accepted societal attitudes. However, as far as is known, there is no comprehensive picture of the prevalence of and factors associated with, internalised stigma among people living with mental illness in Africa. This systematic review and meta-analysis provide new knowledge by examining the evidence on the prevalence of internalised stigma and associated factors among people living with mental illness in Africa.

Methods
Using the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and type of study (PICOT) approach, PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched using a structured search comprising terms associated with mental health, mental illness, internalised stigma, and a list of all African countries. To evaluate paper quality, the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Appraisal Checklist was used. Subgroup analysis with country and diagnosis was tested using a random-effect model, and bias was checked using a funnel plot and an inspection of Egger’s regression test. A p-value, OR and 95% CI was used to demonstrate an association.

Results
The pooled prevalence of internalised stigma was 29.05% (25.42,32.68: I2 = 59.0%, p ≤ 0.001). In the subgroup analysis by country, Ethiopia had the highest prevalence of internalised stigma at 31.80(27.76,35.84: I2 = 25.6%, p ≤ 0.208), followed by Egypt at 31.26(13.15,49.36: I2 = 81.6%, p ≤ 0.02), and Nigeria at 24.31(17.94,30.67: I2 = 62.8%, p ≤ 0.02). Based on domains of internalised stigma, pooled prevalence was stigma resistance: 37.07%, alienation: 35.85%, experience of discrimination: 31.61%, social withdrawal: 30.81% and stereotype: 26.10%. Experiencing psychotic symptoms (1.42(0.45,2.38)), single marital status (2.78(1.49,4.06)), suicidal ideation (2.32(1.14,3.49)), drug nonadherence (1.5(-0.84,4.00)), poor social support (6.69(3.53,9.85)), being unemployed (2.68(1.71,3.65)), and being unable to read and write (3.56(2.26,4.85)) were identified as risk factors for internalised stigma.

Conclusions
Internalised stigma is common among people suffering from mental illnesses in Africa. This review determined that 29% of the sample population had elevated internalised stigma scores, and there were variations by country. People experiencing mental illness who have a single marital status, suicidal behaviours, poor social support, unemployed and have poor literacy levels were at a higher risk of internalised stigma. The finding points to populations that require support to address internalised stigma and improve the mental health outcomes.
Development of nomogram for predicting major complications in patients with esophageal cancer in the early postoperative period
Authors: Mijiti Maimaiti , Li Dan , Yan Rui , Yuan Tingting , Shen Guimei , Zhao Dan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the predictive value of the Prognostic Nutrition Index (PNI) in major complications after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer and to develop a Nomogram risk prediction model.

Method
The clinical data of 386 patients who underwent radical esophageal cancer surgery from May 2019 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to screen independent risk factors associated with major postoperative complications. A nomogram risk prediction model for major postoperative complications was developed based on the predictors, and the clinical utility of the model was assessed by decision curve analysis(DCA).

Result
In this study logistic univariate regression analysis found that age, preoperative radiotherapy, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA score), length of surgery, and PNI may be associated with the development of major postoperative complications. logistic multifactorial analysis showed that the above risk factors were independent risk factors for the development of major postoperative complications in esophageal cancer. Nomogram was developed by incorporating the above risk factors with ASA classification. The calibration curves showed that the model had a good agreement. The decision curves showed that the model has good clinical application.

Conclusion
Individualized nomograms based on PNI combined with clinical indicators can be used to predict major complications in the early postoperative period and help to enhance perioperative management.
Dentist-reported differences in services provided to patients with public vs. private dental insurance
Authors: Reynolds Julie , Ingleshwar Aparna , Nwachukwu Pamela , McKernan Susan , Damiano Peter 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Variation in dentists’ provision of types of dental services based on patients’ insurance may impact population access to comprehensive care. The aim of this study was to describe differences in the types of services provided to adult patients with Medicaid versus private insurance among private practice general dentists.

Methods
The data source was a 2019 survey of private practice dentists in Iowa, and the study sample included general dentists with current or recent participation in Iowa’s Medicaid program for adults (n = 264). Bivariate analyses were used to compare differences in the types of services provided to privately insured and publicly insured patients.

Results
Dentists reported the greatest differences in services provided to patients with public versus private insurance for prosthodontic procedures, including complete dentures, removable partial dentures, and crown and bridge services. Endodontic services were the least frequently provided category of services provided by dentists for both patient groups. Patterns were generally similar among both urban and rural providers.

Conclusion
Access to dental care for Medicaid members should be evaluated not only on the proportion of dentists who see new Medicaid patients but also on the types of services dentists provide to this population.
Collagen turnover is associated with cardiovascular autonomic and peripheral neuropathy in type 1 diabetes: novel pathophysiological mechanism?
Authors: Hansen Christian S. , Rasmussen Daniel G. K. , Hansen Tine W. , Nielsen Signe Holm , Theilade Simone , Karsdal Morten A. , Genovese Federica , Rossing Peter 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSPN) are severe diabetic complications. Collagen type VI (COL6) and III (COL3) have been associated with nerve function. We investigated if markers of COL6 formation (PRO-C6) and COL3 degradation (C3M) were associated with neuropathy in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods
In a cross-sectional study including 300 people with T1D, serum and urine PRO-C6 and C3M were obtained. CAN was assessed by cardiovascular reflex tests: heart rate response to deep breathing (E/I ratio), to standing (30/15 ratio) and to the Valsalva maneuver (VM). Two or three pathological CARTs constituted CAN. DSPN was assessed by biothesiometry. Symmetrical vibration sensation threshold above 25 V constituted DSPN.

Results
Participants were (mean (SD)) 55.7 (9.3) years, 51% were males, diabetes duration was 40.0 (8.9) years, HbA1c was 63 (11 mmol/mol, (median (IQR)) serum PRO-C6 was 7.8 (6.2;11.0) ng/ml and C3M 8.3 (7.1;10.0) ng/ml. CAN and DSPN were diagnosed in 34% and 43% of participants, respectively. In models adjusted for relevant confounders a doubling of serum PRO-C6, was significantly associated with odds ratio > 2 for CAN and > 1 for DSPN, respectively. Significance was retained after additional adjustments for eGFR only for CAN. Higher serum C3M was associated with presence of CAN, but not after adjustment for eGFR. C3M was not associated with DSPN. Urine PRO-C6 analyses indicated similar associations.

Conclusions
Results show previously undescribed associations between markers of collagen turnover and risk of CAN and to a lesser degree DSPN in T1D.
Genetic susceptibility to airway inflammation and exposure to short-term outdoor air pollution
Authors: Bouma Femke , Nyberg Fredrik , Olin Anna-Carin , Carlsen Hanne Krage 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Air pollution is a large environmental health hazard whose exposure and health effects are unequally distributed among individuals. This is, at least in part, due to gene-environment interactions, but few studies exist. Thus, the current study aimed to explore genetic susceptibility to airway inflammation from short-term air pollution exposure through mechanisms of gene-environment interaction involving the SFTPA, GST and NOS genes.

Methods
Five thousand seven hundred two adults were included. The outcome measure was fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), at 50 and 270 ml/s. Exposures were ozone (O3), particulate matter < 10 µm (PM10), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 3, 24, or 120-h prior to FeNO measurement. In the SFTPA, GST and NOS genes, 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed for interaction effects. The data were analyzed using quantile regression in both single-and multipollutant models.

Results
Significant interactions between SNPs and air pollution were found for six SNPs (p < 0.05): rs4253527 (SFTPA1) with O3 and NOx, rs2266637 (GSTT1) with NO2, rs4795051 (NOS2) with PM10, NO2 and NOx, rs4796017 (NOS2) with PM10, rs2248814 (NOS2) with PM10 and rs7830 (NOS3) with NO2. The marginal effects on FeNO for three of these SNPs were significant (per increase of 10 µg/m3):rs4253527 (SFTPA1) with O3 (β: 0.155, 95%CI: 0.013–0.297), rs4795051 (NOS2) with PM10 (β: 0.073, 95%CI: 0.00–0.147 (single pollutant), β: 0.081, 95%CI: 0.004–0.159 (multipollutant)) and NO2 (β: -0.084, 95%CI: -0.147; -0.020 (3 h), β: -0.188, 95%CI: -0.359; -0.018 (120 h)) and rs4796017 (NOS2) with PM10 (β: 0.396, 95%CI: 0.003–0.790).

Conclusions
Increased inflammatory response from air pollution exposure was observed among subjects with polymorphisms in SFTPA1, GSTT1, and NOS genes, where O3 interacted with SFTPA1 and PM10 and NO2/NOx with the GSTT1 and NOS genes. This provides a basis for the further exploration of biological mechanisms as well as the identification of individuals susceptible to the effects of outdoor air pollution.