bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological basis and proposed mechanism of action of CSL112 (apolipoprotein A-I [human]) for prevention of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: Korjian Serge , Kazmi Syed Hassan A , Chi Gerald , Kalayci Arzu , Lee Jane J , Talib Usama , Wright Samuel D , Duffy Danielle , Kingwell Bronwyn A , Mehran Roxana , Ridker Paul M , Gibson C Michael 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Despite current standard of care treatment, the period shortly after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with high residual cardiovascular (CV) risk, with high rates of recurrent AMI and CV death in the first 90 days following the index event. This represents an area of high unmet need that may be potentially addressed by novel therapeutic agents that optimize high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) function rather than increase HDL-C concentrations. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is the major constituent of HDL and a key mediator of cholesterol efflux from macrophages within atherosclerotic plaque, a property especially relevant during the high-risk period immediately following an AMI when cholesterol efflux capacity is found to be reduced. CSL112 is a novel formulation of human plasma-derived apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), currently being evaluated in a Phase 3 clinical trial (AEGIS-II) for the reduction of major adverse CV events in the 90-day high-risk period post-AMI. In this review, we provide an overview of the biological properties of CSL112 that contribute to its proposed mechanism of action for potential therapeutic benefit. These properties include rapid and robust promotion of cholesterol efflux from cells abundant in atherosclerotic plaque, in addition to anti-inflammatory effects, which together, may have a stabilizing effect on atherosclerotic plaque. We provide a detailed overview of these mechanisms, in addition to information on the composition of CSL112 and how it is manufactured.
Outcomes with intracoronary vs. intravenous epinephrine in cardiac arrest
Authors: Tantawy Mahmoud , Selim Ghada , Saad Marwan , Tamara Marwan , Mosaad Sameh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) guidelines recommend intravenous (IV) and intraosseous (IO) epinephrine as a basic cornerstone in the resuscitation process. Data about the efficacy and safety of intracoronary (IC) epinephrine during cardiac arrest in the catheterization laboratory are lacking.

Objective
To examine the efficacy and safety of IC vs. IV epinephrine for resuscitation during cardiac arrest in the catheterization laboratory.

Methods and results
This is a prospective observational study that included all patients who experienced cardiac arrest in the cath lab at two tertiary centres in Egypt from January 2015 to July 2022. Patients were divided into two groups according to the route of epinephrine given; IC vs. IV. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), time-to-ROSC, and favourable neurological outcome at discharge defined as modified Rankin Scale (MRS) &lt;3. A total of 162 patients met our inclusion criteria, mean age (60.69 ± 9.61), 34.6% women. Of them, 52 patients received IC epinephrine, and 110 patients received IV epinephrine as part of the resuscitation. Survival to hospital discharge was significantly higher in the IC epinephrine group (84.62% vs. 53.64%, P &lt; 0.001) compared with the IV epinephrine group. The rate of ROSC was higher in the IC epinephrine group (94.23% vs. 70%, P &lt; 0.001) and achieved in a shorter time (2.6 ± 1.97 min vs. 6.8 ± 2.11 min, P &lt; 0.0001) compared with the IV group. Similarly, favourable neurological outcomes were more common in the IC epinephrine group (76.92% vs. 47.27%, P &lt; 0.001) compared with the IV epinephrine group.

Conclusion
In this observational study, IC epinephrine during cardiac arrest in the cath lab appeared to be safe and may be associated with improved outcomes compared with the IV route. Larger randomized studies are encouraged to confirm these results.
How does alendronate affect orthodontic tooth movement in osteogenesis imperfecta: an in vivo study on a mice model
Authors: Mehta Shivam , Wang Ke , Chen Po-Jung , Fan Zhichao , Ahmida Ahmad , Kalajzic Zana , Yadav Sumit 
Published: February 2023

Summary

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of alendronate on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and bone modelling/remodelling in an osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) mice model.

Materials and methods
Ten-week-old male and female OI mice (Col1a2oim, n = 32) were divided into four groups: 1. Alendronate male (AM, n = 8), 2. Alendronate female (AF, n = 8), 3. saline male (SM, n = 8), and 4. saline female (SF, n = 8). The mice in all four groups received either Alendronate (0.05 mg/kg) or vehicle (saline 0.05 mg/kg) subcutaneously for 2 weeks prior to the placement of orthodontic spring. A nickel-titanium spring applying 3–5 cN of force was used to perform the OTM for 1 week. After 7 days of OTM, the OI mice were euthanized with CO2 inhalation and microfocus computed tomography and histological analyses were performed.

Results
AM and AF mice showed a significant decrease (P &lt; 0.05) in the rate of OTM compared with SM and SF mice, respectively. In addition, AM and AF mice showed a significant increase (P &lt; 0.05) in the bone volume fraction (BVF) and tissue density (TD) compared with SM and SF mice. Histological analysis of haematoxylin–eosin staining revealed a hyalinization zone in AM and AF mice compared with SM and SF mice. Furthermore, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining indicated decreased number of osteoclasts in AM and AF mice compared with SM and SF mice. Picrosirius red staining showed, Alendronate treatment led to thick uniform and smooth morphology of collagen fibres as compared with saline group. Similarly, second harmony generation images also revealed thicker collagen fibres at the periodontal ligament (PDL)-cementum entheses and PDL-alveolar bone entheses in AM and AF mice compared with SM and SF mice.

Conclusions
Alendronate led to a decrease in the rate of OTM, increase in BVF and TD, decrease in the number of osteoclasts, and smooth and thick collagen fibres compared with saline in both male and female OI mice.
The German art market during WW II
Authors: Euwe Jeroen , Oosterlinck Kim 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates quantitatively the evolution of the German art market between 1937 and 1944. During the war, the boom observed in occupied countries offers a sharp contrast with the price evolution in the United Kingdom. Did the German art market show more similarities with the countries it was occupying or was its evolution closer to the British one? Our results show that the German art market underwent a boom during the war. Beyond the historical interest in the art market, this analysis also speaks to the larger debates on wartime economies and of artworks as wartime investments.
‘Community is the One True Capital’: Ideologies of Urban Self-Build Groups in Anke Stelling’s Berlin Novels
Authors: Henryson Hanna 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Privately organized collective housing is currently included in agendas for sustainable urban development in a range of European cities as a resource-efficient form of housing that prevents isolation and contributes to social cohesion within urban communities. However, research has shown that the recent surge of different forms of private-collective housing in Berlin could be a driver of gentrification and segregation. This article aims to uncover potential causes of the discrepancies between the ideological, and at times utopian, motivations underpinning self-build housing projects in the former East Berlin district Prenzlauer Berg, and their actual outcomes. I do so by analysing the literary (counter) discourse on self-build groups developed in Anke Stelling’s novels Bodentiefe Fenster [Floor-Length Windows] (2015) and Schäfchen im Trockenen (2018, published in English translation as Higher Ground in 2021). I show that the realization of socially progressive, or even utopian, plans for urban private-collective housing prove difficult, and sometimes impossible, for the characters in the novels, due to the influence of other societal structures such as gender and class inequalities, urban segregation and gentrification, discrimination and the neoliberal logic of individual competition and consumption.
A Mitosome With Distinct Metabolism in the Uncultured Protist ParasiteParamikrocytos canceri(Rhizaria, Ascetosporea)
Authors: Onuț-Brännström Ioana , Stairs Courtney W , Campos Karla Iveth Aguilera , Thorén Markus Hiltunen , Ettema Thijs J G , Keeling Patrick J , Bass David , Burki Fabien 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAscetosporea are endoparasites of marine invertebrates that include economically important pathogens of aquaculture species. Owing to their often-minuscule cell sizes, strict intracellular lifestyle, lack of cultured representatives and minimal availability of molecular data, these unicellular parasites remain poorly studied. Here, we sequenced and assembled the genome and transcriptome of Paramikrocytos canceri, an endoparasite isolated from the European edible crab Cancer pagurus. Using bioinformatic predictions, we show that P. canceri likely possesses a mitochondrion-related organelle (MRO) with highly reduced metabolism, resembling the mitosomes of other parasites but with key differences. Like other mitosomes, this MRO is predicted to have reduced metabolic capacity and lack an organellar genome and function in iron–sulfur cluster (ISC) pathway-mediated Fe–S cluster biosynthesis. However, the MRO in P. canceri is uniquely predicted to produce ATP via a partial glycolytic pathway and synthesize phospholipids de novo through the CDP-DAG pathway. Heterologous gene expression confirmed that proteins from the ISC and CDP-DAG pathways retain mitochondrial targeting sequences that are recognized by yeast mitochondria. This represents a unique combination of metabolic pathways in an MRO, including the first reported case of a mitosome-like organelle able to synthesize phospholipids de novo. Some of these phospholipids, such as phosphatidylserine, are vital in other protist endoparasites that invade their host through apoptotic mimicry.
Crustal azimuthal anisotropy in the lateral collision zone of the SE margin of the Tibetan Plateau and its tectonic implications
Authors: Shi Yutao , Gao Yuan , Zhang Hongshuang , Zhang Ziqi , Li Guohui 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYResolving the detail of crustal deformation of the seismically and technically active Sichuan-Yunnan block located in the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau is crucial for understanding the lateral extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau. Using seismic data from two regional seismograph stations of the China Earthquake Networks Center and twenty recently deployed broad-band temporary stations from the MCD Array (Middle ChuanDian block seismic array), we constrained crustal thickness and seismic anisotropy at the west boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan block, near the east Himalayan syntaxis by receiver function techniques including CCP stacking and sinusoidal moveout of PmS conversions. Crustal thickness varies significantly across major faults inside the block which increases by &gt;20 km from west to east. East of the Chenghai Fault, a clear positive phase lies above the Moho and is interpreted to be caused by the magma intrusion related to a late Permian Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP). The crustal anisotropy shows strong zoning features and clockwise rotation with respect to due north. To the west of the Lijiang-Xiaojinhe and the Honghe Faults, anisotropic fast orientations are near NS, indicating strong crustal deformation and movement of southward crustal flow along the Nujiang-Lancangjiang Fault; to the east of this fault, anisotropic fast orientations are near NE. The variation of the anisotropic fast orientations indicates that the southeastward crustal flow from the Tibetan Plateau may be prevented by fast velocity anomalies beneath the ELIP. These observations provided new evidence for strong crustal deformation along the tectonic boundary in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau with the expansion of the Tibetan Plateau.
Source parameter analysis using distributed acoustic sensing – an example with the PoroTomo array
Authors: Chen Xiaowei 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYIn this study, I demonstrate that distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) raw strain rate data can directly be used to estimate spectral source parameters through an Empirical Green's Function (EGF) deconvolution analysis. Previously, DAS had been widely used in passive seismology to image the subsurface and analyze ground motion variations by converting strain or strain rate to particle velocity or acceleration prior to analysis. In this study, spectral analysis is applied to the PoroTomo joint DAS and seismic Nodal array in the Brady Hot Springs geothermal field to obtain source parameters for two M4 earthquakes via EGF analysis, where nearly collocated smaller events are used as an EGF to remove path and site effects. The EGF workflow is applied to raw DAS strain rate data without conversion to particle velocities and raw Nodal seismic data. The DAS and Nodal results are very consistent with similar features of spectral ratios, corner frequencies and moment ratios for the same event pairs. The uncertainty due to stacked spectral measurement is much lower on the DAS array, suggesting better stability of spectral shape measurement, possibly due to the much denser spatial sampling. The uncertainty due to model fitting is similar between DAS and Nodal arrays with slightly lower uncertainty on the DAS array. These observations demonstrate potential for directly using the strain rate measurements from DAS arrays for earthquake source characterizations.
A note on Marchenko-linearised full waveform inversion for imaging
Authors: Diekmann Leon , Vasconcelos Ivan , van Leeuwen Tristan 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYFull waveform inversion and least-squares reverse time migration are the leading technologies for imaging with seismic waves. Both of them usually rely (in one way or another) on a single-scattering approximation, i.e. the Born approximation, to compute gradients and obtain an updated model. This approximation linearises the relation between modelled data and model by ignoring multiple scattering. We propose to use the Marchenko integral, an equation originating from inverse scattering theory, to obtain an alternative linear equation. Using the Marchenko method we can retrieve Green’s functions, including all orders of scattering, for virtual sources anywhere within the volume of interest – without prior knowledge of the high-wavelength model variations that induce scattering. Plugging these estimated Green’s functions into the Lippmann–Schwinger integral delivers a Marchenko-linearised relation between the full waveform data and the model. We present this new linearisation strategy and illustrate its advantages and disadvantages by comparing numerical results for different inversion kernels. Our new linearisation is exact, i.e. it does not exclude any orders of scattering, however, it relies on the quality of the Marchenko-derived Green’s functions. These Marchenko-based Green’s functions require an estimate of the first arrivals of the Green’s functions – commonly obtained by modelling in a background medium. Although these first arrival estimates strongly bias our results for inaccurate background models, we find the Marchenko-linearisation to deliver overall slightly better inverted models than the single-scattering approximation.
Near-bottom aggregations of Calanus spp. copepods in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence in summer: significance for North Atlantic right whale foraging
Authors: Sorochan K A , Plourde S , Johnson C L 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Copepods of the genus Calanus are a critical source of food for the North Atlantic right whale (NARW), Eubalaena glacialis. We quantified variations in depth-integrated abundance and vertical distribution of Calanus spp. in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (sGSL) in August 2019. While Calanus finmarchicus was the most abundant species of Calanus, the larger C. hyperboreus was prominent in the Shediac Valley, a NARW high-use area, contributing a median of 55% estimated depth-integrated biomass of Calanus spp. during the first leg of the field mission. Near-bottom aggregations of Calanus spp. with concentrations exceeding 1000 ind m−3 occurred primarily at depths ranging from 70 to 90 m. Ontogenetic and diel vertical migrations likely contributed to development of these subsurface aggregations. During the day, Calanus spp. and euphausiids occurred in a compact near-bottom layer, indicating enhanced foraging conditions for NARW. We observed considerable variation in abundance and vertical distribution of Calanus spp., highlighting the dynamic nature of NARW prey distribution at scales of weeks and tens of kilometers in the sGSL.
Incorporating conservation limit variability and stock risk assessment in precautionary salmon catch advice at the river scale
Authors: White Jonathan , Fitzgerald Colm , Gargan Patrick , de Eyto Elvira , Millane Michael , Chaput Gerald , Boylan Paddy , Crozier Walter W , Doherty Dennis , Kennedy Bryan , Lawler Ian , Lyons David , Marnell Ferdia , McGinnity Phil , O'Higgins Kealan , Roche William K , Maxwell Hugo , Ó Maoiléidigh Niall 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
International wild Atlantic salmon management priorities have moved from exploitation to conservation since the 1990s, recognizing the need to protect diversity and abundance at individual river levels amid widespread declines. Here we review international salmon-stock assessments and describe a simple, transferable catch-advice framework, established for management of fisheries that conforms to international obligations. The risk assessment approach, applied at the river scale, jointly incorporates uncertainty in estimated and forecasted returning salmon numbers with the level of uncertainty around spawning requirements (Conservation Limits). Outputs include quantification of risk of stocks not attaining conservation limits (CL) and surpluses above CL on stocks able to support sustainable exploitation via total allowable catches (TAC), with monitoring by rod catch or fish counter. Since management implementation and cessation of at-sea mixed-stock fisheries, there has been a deterioration in the performance of many individual stocks, without any sustained increase in fisheries open to harvest. Given declines in mid-latitude Atlantic salmon populations over 30 years, the novel framework presented provides an approach to protect stocks failing to meet spawning thresholds while supporting sustainable exploitation of those achieving them. On-going management policy of adopting scientific advice and allowing exploitation only on stocks exceeding CLs is central to the objective of protecting salmon stocks.
Seasonal ocean forecasts to improve predictions of Dungeness crab catch rates, co-developed with state and tribal fishery managers
Authors: Norton Emily L , Kaplan Isaac C , Siedlecki Samantha , Hermann Albert J , Alin Simone R , Newton Jan , Corbett Kelly , Ayres Daniel , Schumacker Ervin Joe , Bond Nicholas A , Richerson Kate , Alexander Michael A 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe commercial Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister) fishery in Oregon and Washington (USA) is one of the most valuable fisheries in the region, but it experiences high interannual variability. These fluctuations have been attributed to environmental drivers on seasonal and annual timescales. In this study, researchers and state and tribal fisheries managers develop a statistical model for Dungeness crab catch per unit effort (CPUE) to help inform dynamic management decisions in Oregon and Washington. Fishing observations were matched to seasonally forecast and lagged ocean conditions from J-SCOPE, a regional forecast system (http://www.nanoos.org/products/j-scope/). Inclusion of dynamic and lagged ocean conditions improved model skill compared to simpler models, and the best model captured intraseasonal trends and interannual variability in catch rates, and spatial catch patterns. We also found that model skill relied on fishing behaviour, which varies interannually, highlighting the need for advanced fishing behaviour modelling to reduce uncertainty. The relationships between catch rates and ocean conditions may help elucidate environmental influences of catch variability. Forecast products were co-designed with managers to meet their needs for key decision points. Our results illustrate a seasonal forecasting approach for management of other highly productive, but also dynamic, invertebrates that increasingly contribute to global fisheries yield.
Local control and short-term outcomes after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery segmentectomy versus lobectomy for pT1c pN0 non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Forster Céline , Abdelnour-Berchtold Etienne , Bédat Benoît , Perentes Jean Yannis , Zellweger Matthieu , Sauvain Marc-Olivier , Christodoulou Michel , Triponez Frédéric , Karenovics Wolfram , Krueger Thorsten , Gonzalez Michel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOBJECTIVESThe aim of this study was to compare short-term outcomes and local control in pT1c pN0 non-small-cell lung cancer that were intentionally treated by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy or segmentectomy.METHODSMulticentre retrospective study of consecutive patients undergoing VATS lobectomy (VL) or VATS segmentectomy (VS) for pT1c pN0 non-small-cell lung cancer from January 2014 to October 2021. Patients’ characteristics, postoperative outcomes and survival were compared.RESULTSIn total, 162 patients underwent VL (n = 81) or VS (n = 81). Except for age [median (interquartile range) 68 (60–73) vs 71 (65–76) years; P = 0.034] and past medical history of cancer (32% vs 48%; P = 0.038), there was no difference between VL and VS in terms of demographics and comorbidities. Overall 30-day postoperative morbidity was similar in both groups (34% vs 30%; P = 0.5). The median time for chest tube removal [3 (1–5) vs 2 (1–3) days; P = 0.002] and median postoperative length of stay [6 (4–9) vs 5 (3–7) days; P = 0.039] were in favour of the VS group. Significantly larger tumour size (mean ± standard deviation 25.1 ± 3.1 vs 23.6 ± 3.1 mm; P = 0.001) and an increased number of lymph nodes removal [median (interquartile range) 14 (9–23) vs 10 (6–15); P &lt; 0.001] were found in the VL group. During the follow-up [median (interquartile range) 31 (14–48) months], no statistical difference was found for local and distant recurrence in VL groups (12.3%) and VS group (6.1%) (P = 0.183). Overall survival (80% vs 80%) was comparable between both groups (P = 0.166).CONCLUSIONSDespite a short follow-up, our preliminary data shows that local control is comparable for VL and VS.