bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INSIGHT: A Tool for Fit‐for‐Purpose Evaluation and Quality Assessment of Standardized Observational Data Sources for Real World Evidence on Medicine and Vaccine Safety
Authors: Hoxhaj Vjola , Andaur Navarro Constanza L. , Riera‐Arnau Judit , Elbers Roel J. H. J. , Alsina Ema , Dodd Caitlin , Sturkenboom Miriam C. J. M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeTo describe the development of INSIGHT, a real‐world data quality tool to assess completeness, consistency, and fitness‐for‐purpose of observational health data sources.MethodsWe designed a three‐level pipeline with data quality assessments (DQAs) to be performed in ConcePTION Common Data Model (CDM) instances. The pipeline has been coded using R.ResultsINSIGHT is an open‐source tool that identifies potential data quality issues in CDM‐standardized instances through the systematic execution and summary of over 588 configurable DQAs. Level 1 focuses on conformance to the ConcePTION CDM specifications. Level 2 evaluates the temporal plausibility of events and uniqueness of records. Level 3 provides an overview of distributions, outliers, and trends over time to facilitate fit‐for‐purpose evaluation. Therefore, level 1 and 2 assure a proper data standardization, while level 3 provides information regarding the study population, and potential sub‐populations. The DQAs are run locally and assessed centrally by a data quality revisor together with the data access provider's representatives.DiscussionData quality is the sum of several internal and external features of the data. While DQAs can provide reassurance about fitness‐for‐purpose for secondary‐use data sources, improvements in data collection are essential to reduce errors and enhance overall data quality for Real World Evidence.ConclusionINSIGHT aims to support clinical and regulatory decision‐making for medicines and vaccines by evaluating the quality of observational health data sources to support fit for purpose assessment. Assessing and improving data quality will enhance the reliability and quality of the generated evidence.Study RegistrationThis research was registered in EU PAS registration with number EU50142.
Post‐Market Evidence for Cancer Medicines in Regulatory and Clinical Decision‐Making: A Scoping Review
Authors: McEwin Eliza J. , Hooimeyer Ashleigh , Mintzes Barbara J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCancer medicines usually have uncertain efficacy and safety profiles when they are first approved by medicines regulators because this evidence usually emerges post‐market. Little is known about the extent to which post‐market evidence is evaluated and integrated into evidence review processes in regulatory and clinical contexts.ObjectivesThe objective of this scoping review is to examine the literature on how post‐market evidence on benefits and harms is evaluated and integrated in regulatory decisions and guidance for clinical decision‐making.MethodsThis scoping review focussed on the organisations that review cancer medicines and post‐market evidence for their benefits and harms. It examined all regulatory or clinical contexts in which this post‐market evidence might be included in evidence review processes for evaluation then integration into regulatory or clinical contexts. Four electronic databases were searched. Titles and abstracts were screened for all retrieved references followed by full‐text screening by two independent reviewers according to pre‐specified inclusion criteria.ResultsIn total, 28 studies met inclusion criteria. These included 31 assessments by medicines regulators, four by clinical practice guideline developers and two by health technology assessment agencies. Half of the studies evaluated clinical outcomes for benefit or harms (e.g., overall survival, serious adverse events). We found that more published literature evaluated and integrated post‐market evidence for benefits and harms of cancer medicines in regulatory than in clinical situations, such as treatment guidelines and health technology assessments. In these studies, post‐market evidence for harms seemed to be integrated more often than for benefits. And the studies showed a gap: only some of the evaluated post‐market evidence was subsequently integrated in both regulatory and clinical situations.ConclusionOverall, these findings raise important questions around the availability, accessibility, and assessment of post‐market evidence for benefits and harms of cancer medicines so that it can be used by health professionals working in cancer services and by people with cancer.
Mortality Prediction in Newborns With Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension: A Comparison of Four Illness Severity Scores
Authors: Pakhathirathien Pattima , Maneenil Gunlawadee , Thatrimontrichai Anucha , Dissaneevate Supaporn , Praditaukrit Manapat 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the accuracy of four neonatal illness severity scores for predicting mortality in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).Study DesignThis retrospective study included neonates diagnosed with PPHN between 2013 and 2022. The illness severity scores of four commonly used tools were completed for each infant: the Clinical Risk Index for Babies‐II (CRIB‐II), the Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology‐Perinatal Extension version II (SNAPPE‐II) in the first 12 h after admission and maximum oxygenation index (OI) and Vasoactive‐Inotropic score (VIS) during the first 24 h (OI24max and VIS24max), 48 h (OI48max and VIS48max), and 72 h (OI72max and VIS72max) after admission. We constructed a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to assess the discrimination and accuracy of the scores and determine the cutoff values for predicting mortality.ResultsWe enrolled 146 neonates (131 survivors and 15 nonsurvivors). The CRIB‐II, SNAPPE‐II, maximum OI, and VIS were significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors. An OI72max score of 41 showed the highest accuracy in predicting mortality (area under the ROC curve [AUC] of 0.88) with an OI48max score of 31 (AUC: 0.86) and VIS72max score of 430 (AUC: 0.80) showing good accuracy. The best CRIB‐II and SNAPPE‐II cutoff scores for predicting mortality were 4 (AUC: 0.74) and 32 (AUC: 0.84), respectively.ConclusionsThe most accurate illness severity score for predicting mortality was OI72max score of 41. However, the OI48max, SNAPPE‐II, and VIS72max scores also showed good accuracy. Mortality prediction using these scores can guide early management and close monitoring.
Rain in convective downdraughts
Authors: Rooney G. G. , Shipway B. J. , Parker D. J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study presents results from the simulation of idealised, rain‐laden downdraughts using a large‐eddy model. Each downdraught is initialised as a “cold, wet bubble”, that is, a spherical/spheroidal region of the lower atmosphere with a negative potential‐temperature perturbation and non‐zero rain mixing ratio. The bubbles are statically unstable and evolve into downdraughts. Results are compared for two‐ and three‐moment microphysics parametrisations. A tendency for larger raindrops to descend ahead of the cold air is observed, which is significant in some two‐moment runs. The effects of this are interpreted in the context of fluid‐dynamical studies of related phenomena. It is found that a drier environment has the effect of increasing cooling in the downdraught, but reduces the peak in downdraught speed. Both these effects stem from increased rain evaporation. A relatively heavy rain load leads to a narrower downdraught, through the suppression of internal (thermal‐like) circulations. Downdraughts intensify, in both cooling and vertical velocity, in correlation with the initial bubble height‐to‐width ratio, being greatest for vertically stretched bubbles.
Isolation and Identification of Mercury–Dissolved Organic Matter Complexes in Mercury–Humic Acid Suspensions
Authors: Qasim Ghulam Hussain , Harris Lisa , Mangal Vaughn , Montesdeoca Mario , Todorova Svetoslava , Driscoll Charles 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRationaleThe complexation with dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a pivotal factor influencing transformations, transport, and bioavailability of mercury (Hg) in aquatic environments. However, identifying these complexes poses a significant challenge because of their low concentrations and the presence of coexisting ions.MethodsIn this study, mercury–dissolved organic matter (Hg‐DOM) complexes were isolated through solid‐phase extraction (SPE) from Hg–humic acid suspensions, and complexes were putatively identified using ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR‐MS).ResultsDissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total Hg analysis before and after SPE showed an increase in DOC:Hg ratio. The DOC:Hg ratio was lower in extracts from cartridges with silica structure bonded with hydrocarbon chains (C18) than priority pollutant (PPL) cartridges at circumneutral pH, indicating that C18 was more effective at extracting DOM complexed Hg. These results were confirmed with FTICR‐MS analysis, where two Hg‐DOM complexes were putatively identified from PPL extracts as opposed to eight from C18 (Winnow score > 75%). In addition, C8H13HgN2O2S, a molecular formula with a m/z ratio of 403.04, was identified across three separate extractions using a C18 cartridge, suggesting that the complexes were preserved during extraction and, presumably, electrospray ionization.ConclusionsThe results highlight the effectiveness of the methodology developed in this study—SPE coupled with FTICR‐MS for isolating and identifying Hg‐DOM complexes. This approach allows for the exploration of the elemental and structural composition of Hg‐DOM complexes, which affects Hg speciation, bioavailability, and transformations in aquatic ecosystems.SynopsisA methodology was developed to identify Hg‐DOM complexes at low concentrations to gain insight into mercury bioavailability, transformations, and transport in the environment.
The Role of Plasmapheresis in the Management of Severe Rhesus Incompatibility During Pregnancy: A Literature Review
Authors: Abdallah Wael , Kessrouani Assaad , Nassar Malek 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of plasmapheresis in cases complicated by severe alloimmunization.MethodsWe reviewed multiple studies from databases like Medline, Embase, and Cochrane, looking specifically for research on ‘Rhesus incompatibility’, ‘plasmapheresis’, and ‘pregnancy’. After narrowing down, we included 46 studies that met our criteria to see how this treatment affected both prenatal and postnatal health.ResultsOut of 208 pregnancies analysed, about 22.1% sadly resulted in foetal loss, with one neonatal death. However, starting plasmapheresis as early as 3 weeks helped delay or avoid the need for Intrauterine blood transfusions in cases of severe foetal anaemia. Most of the babies born (77.4%) had positive outcomes, although many needed phototherapies after birth. Combining IVIG with plasmapheresis appears to be safe, with good postnatal outcomes.ConclusionsPlasmapheresis shows promise as a treatment for severe Rhesus sensitisation, potentially reducing the need for Intrauterine transfusions and improving newborn outcomes. More studies are needed to refine treatment protocols and confirm these early findings.
Gamma Irradiation‐Assisted Synthesis of Nanocomposite Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals Extracted from Sugarcane Bagasse to Adsorb Sr2+ Ions from Simulated Wastewater
Authors: Sherbiny Sabah F. , Saad E. A. , Geleel Mohamed Abdel , Badawy Nagwa A. , Nasef Shaimaa M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSugarcane bagasse (SCB) can be investigated as an agro‐waste for various applications. Its suitability as a source of cellulose piqued interest across a variety of applications, especially in the industrial sector. The current study applied the acid hydrolysis method to successfully isolate cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from sugarcane bagasse for use as nano reinforcing agents. The formation of CNCs was confirmed by XRD, EDX, and DLS. The extracted CNCs were effectively generated by the ex‐situ method, dispersed into an Acacia gum/acrylamide (AG/AAm) solution, and subjected to γ‐irradiation for superpurity polymerization and crosslinking, generating AG/PAAm hydrogel and AG/PAAm/CNCs nanocomposite. The structure, morphology, and characteristics of AG/PAAm hydrogel and AG/PAAm/CNCs nanocomposite were evaluated using FTIR, SEM, TGA, and XRD. Hydrogel and the nanocomposite with improved characteristics as a result of CNCs reinforcement can be extremely beneficial in the elimination of simulated radioactive Sr2+ metal ions from wastewater. Batch adsorption examinations were executed to identify the optimum adsorption by modifying a variety of parameters including pH, adsorbent dosage (V/m ratio), initial pollutant concentration, temperature, and contact time. According to the results, the optimum pH enhancing the removal of Sr2+ ions was 9. The incorporation of CNCs into the AG/PAAm matrix enhances the adsorption of Sr2+ reaching 370 mg g−1. The results fit the pseudo‐second order kinetic model as well as the Freundlich isotherm.
Broadening English‐Centric Early Literacy Pedagogies: Building on Young Spanish‐English Bilingual Children's Language and Home Literacy Practices
Authors: Soltero‐González Lucinda , Gillanders Cristina , Hasenohr Francisca Valenzuela 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a special interest in promoting literacy learning in early childhood education programs. It is presumed that teaching literacy early can ensure better literacy outcomes in later years. Currently, in a renewed effort to improve children's literacy learning through science of reading supported practices, most states across the United States have passed legislation for the teaching of reading in grades K‐3. These laws have repercussions for early childhood education (ECE) programs serving bilingual children. Educators and advocates for bilingual children have voiced concerns about a blanket approach to early literacy reflective of a monolingual, English‐centric perspective, which might exacerbate the longstanding educational inequities experienced by bilingual children. Viewing language and literacy learning both as a right and as a resource, we propose an expansive perspective of early literacy that integrates a holistic bilingual and a sociocultural perspective. A broader perspective on early literacy calls for an understanding of the linguistic characteristics of each language as well as the sociocultural literacy practices associated with the uses of both languages. Drawing from early literacy studies conducted in Spanish‐dominant countries and in the United States, we foreground two interrelated components of early literacy learning—code‐focused skills and home literacy practices—with an emphasis on commonalities and differences across Spanish and English and how these early literacy aspects relate across languages. We also discuss asset‐based practices for supporting literacy learning in early childhood settings serving young bilingual children. This information can help to enhance teachers' agency for building pro‐Latine literacy curricula and pedagogies that can lead to emancipatory, meaningful, and more equitable education for bilingual children.
Radiation tolerance and biodegradation performance of a marine bacterium Acinetobacter sp. Y9 in radioactive composite oil‐contaminated wastewater
Authors: Yan Jiejie , Luo Qun , Zhu Baikang , Chen Zhi , Chen Qingguo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe tolerance and degradation characteristics of a marine oil‐degrading strain Acinetobacter sp. Y9 were investigated in the presence of diesel oil and simulated radioactive nuclides (Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Sr2+, Cs+) at varying concentrations, as well as exposure to γ‐ray radiation (Co‐60). The maximum tolerable concentrations for Co2+and Ni2+ were found to be 5 mg/l and 25 mg/l, respectively, while the tolerable concentrations for Mn2+, Sr2+, and Cs+ exceeded 400 mg/l, 1000 mg/l, and 1000 mg/l, respectively. A total of 0.4 Gy/h of γ‐ray radiation (Co‐60) did not significantly affect the growth of strain Y9. The presence of metal nuclides and γ‐ray radiation primarily inhibited the production of outer membrane proteins while promoting the secretion of polysaccharides in strain Y9. Strain Y9 exhibited a notable capacity to degrade diesel oil under radiative conditions when exposed to the five individual radionuclides used in this study. Furthermore, the introduction of the radiation‐resistant strain R1 significantly enhanced the diesel oil degradation efficiency of strain Y9 in the presence of a mixture of five nuclides, with the degradation efficiency increasing from 26.7% to 46.75%. Strain R1 demonstrated the ability to absorb a substantial amount of free nuclides, thereby creating favorable environmental conditions for the growth and degradation activity of strain Y9.Practitioner Points
Investigate the tolerance mechanisms of strain Y9 to different nuclides and γ‐ray irradiation.
Examine the degradation characteristics of strain Y9 on diesel oil under the influence of nuclides and irradiation.
In a single nuclide medium, strain Y9 exhibited a high degradation rate of 90.64% toward 1% diesel oil concentration.
The addition of a radiation‐resistant strain R1 can enhance the degradation efficiency of Y9 toward diesel oil.
Facile preparation of marine carrageenan hydrogel‐coated steel mesh with superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic performance for highly efficient oil–water separation
Authors: Sun Wuyang , Ding Linghui , Xu Peixuan , Zhu Baikang , Ma Ke Cun , Chen Qingguo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe discharge of oil‐laden wastewater from industrial processes and the frequent occurrence of oil spills pose severe threats to the ecological environment and human health. Membrane materials with special wettability have garnered attention for their ability to achieve efficient oil–water separation by leveraging the differences in wettability at the oil–water interface. These materials are characterized by their simplicity, energy efficiency, environmental friendliness, and reusability. Among them, superhydrophilic‐underwater superoleophobic membranes inspired by biomimetic fish scale structures have become a focal point of oil–water separation research due to their ability to repel oil contaminants effectively and maintain self‐cleaning properties during the separation process. In this study, a stainless steel microporous two‐dimensional metal mesh was employed as the substrate, coated with a carrageenan solution, and gelled in situ using sodium periodate as a crosslinking agent to fabricate a membrane with oil–water separation capabilities. The robust hydrophilicity of the carrageenan hydrogel imparts the coated stainless steel mesh with superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity (underwater oil contact angle ≥ 158°), along with excellent antifouling properties and recyclability. Experimental results demonstrate that the membrane achieved separation efficiencies of 98.87%, 98.08%, 98.14%, and 97.98% for silicone oil, canola oil, cyclohexane, and liquid paraffin, respectively, with a water flux of 1380.75 L/m2·h. Remarkably, the membrane retained its initial separation efficiency even after 20 cycles. Additionally, the hydrogel exhibited exceptional stability under highly alkaline conditions, making it suitable for the treatment of complex oil‐contaminated wastewater.Practitioner Points
This study extracted a biocompatible and renewable hydrogel from marine red algae for application in oil–water separation.
A superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic oil–water separation membrane was developed based on biomimetic fish scale structures.
The membrane exhibited exceptionally high separation efficiency under pure gravity‐driven conditions.
The resulting material exhibits excellent oil repellency, self‐cleaning capability, and recyclability.
Uncovering Breeding Habitat Use of an Uncommon Songbird in Pennsylvania Using Large Scale Acoustic Data
Authors: Czarnecki Chapin , Chronister Lauren , Fiss Cameron , Larkin Jeffery L. , Kitzes Justin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis) population has declined by over 60% across its range since 1966. Knowledge of breeding habitat use is crucial to the conservation of songbird species but is missing for significant portions of the breeding range of the Canada Warbler's genetically distinct eastern population. We used a large‐scale deployment of autonomous recording units (ARUs) to record Canada Warbler song across north‐central and southwestern Pennsylvania. We deployed ARUs at 664 locations in forested ecosystems, setting them to record for 2 h each morning from mid‐May to mid‐June. We used classifier‐assisted listening to detect Canada Warbler song and generate detection histories. Our occupancy models revealed six significant habitat associations. We highlight forest conditions that can be targeted for the conservation of steeply declining eastern Canada Warbler populations. Our study is an example of the gains in statistical power allowed by ARUs and machine learning methods.
On the Weights of Root Subgroups of Affine Toric Varieties
Authors: van Santen Immanuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Let X be an affine toric variety and let D(X) be the set of weights of all root subgroups. It is known that D(X) together with its embedding into the character group determines X as a toric variety. In this article we prove that X is already determined by the abstract set D(X) together with some additional combinatorial data.
PET/CT-based target volume definition in involved-site radiotherapy for treatment of early-stage nodal follicular lymphoma
Authors: Wark Antje , Kim Ji-Young , Mavriopoulou Elena , la Fougère Christian , Wiegel Thomas , Scholz Christian W. , Baues Christian , Li Minglun , Gauler Thomas , Combs Stephanie E. , Herfarth Klaus 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Recent advancements in imaging, particularly 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography–computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT), have improved the detection of involved lymph nodes, thus influencing staging accuracy and potentially treatment outcomes. This study is a post hoc analysis of the GAZAI trial data to evaluate the impact of FDG-PET/CT versus computed tomography (CT) alone on radiation target volumes for involved-site radiotherapy (IS-RT) in early-stage follicular lymphoma (FL).

Methods
All patients in the GAZAI trial underwent pretherapeutic FDG-PET/CT examinations, which were subject to central quality control. Lymph nodes with pathological metabolism were assessed for CT morphology. Differential regional involvement and the impact on radiation target volume for IS-RT were compared between PET/CT-based to solely CT-based staging.

Results
In 54 patients with PET-positive lymph nodes after initial surgery, 170 involved lymph nodes were identified in total. FDG-PET/CT identified additionally involved lymph nodes not detected by CT in 61% of the patients, leading to a significant change in radiation treatment fields for 30% of the cohort. Only 58% of all involved lymph nodes exhibited pathological CT morphology. The findings were robust across different Deauville score thresholds and CT morphological metrics.

Conclusion
The findings confirm the essential role of FDG-PET/CT in accurately defining the radiation volume for treatment of early-stage follicular lymphomas with radiotherapy. These results support the integration of FDG-PET/CT into the standard diagnostic pathway and its inclusion in the service catalogue of statutory health insurance, emphasizing its importance for optimal treatment planning and the potential impact on patient outcomes.