bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep ensemble learning enables highly accurate classification of stored red blood cell morphology
Authors: Routt Austin H. , Yang Natalia , Piety Nathaniel Z. , Lu Madeleine , Shevkoplyas Sergey S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChanges in red blood cell (RBC) morphology distribution have emerged as a quantitative biomarker for the degradation of RBC functional properties during hypothermic storage. Previously published automated methods for classifying the morphology of stored RBCs often had insufficient accuracy and relied on proprietary code and datasets, making them difficult to use in many research and clinical applications. Here we describe the development and validation of a highly accurate open-source RBC morphology classification pipeline based on ensemble deep learning (DL). The DL-enabled pipeline utilized adaptive thresholding or semantic segmentation for RBC identification, a deep ensemble of four convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to classify RBC morphology, and Kalman filtering with Hungarian assignment for tracking changes in the morphology of individual RBCs over time. The ensembled CNNs were trained and evaluated on thousands of individual RBCs from two open-access datasets previously collected to quantify the morphological heterogeneity and washing-induced shape recovery of stored RBCs. Confusion matrices and reliability diagrams demonstrated under-confidence of the constituent models and an accuracy of about 98% for the deep ensemble. Such a high accuracy allowed the CNN ensemble to uncover new insights over our previously published studies. Re-analysis of the datasets yielded much more accurate distributions of the effective diameters of stored RBCs at each stage of morphological degradation (discocyte: 7.821 ± 0.429 µm, echinocyte 1: 7.800 ± 0.581 µm, echinocyte 2: 7.304 ± 0.567 µm, echinocyte 3: 6.433 ± 0.490 µm, sphero-echinocyte: 5.963 ± 0.348 µm, spherocyte: 5.904 ± 0.292 µm, stomatocyte: 7.080 ± 0.522 µm). The effective diameter distributions were significantly different across all morphologies, with considerable effect sizes for non-neighboring classes. A combination of morphology classification with cell tracking enabled the discovery of a relatively rare and previously overlooked shape recovery of some sphero-echinocytes to early-stage echinocytes after washing with 1% human serum albumin solution. Finally, the datasets and code have been made freely available online to enable replication, further improvement, and adaptation of our work for other applications.
Specific fluorescent signatures for body fluid identification using fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Achetib Nihad , Falkena Kim , Swayambhu Meghna , Aalders Maurice C. G. , van Dam Annemieke 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNon-invasive, rapid, on-site detection and identification of body fluids is highly desired in forensic investigations. The use of fluorescence-based methods for body fluid identification, have so far remain relatively unexplored. As such, the fluorescent properties of semen, serum, urine, saliva and fingermarks over time were investigated, by means of fluorescence spectroscopy, to identify specific fluorescent signatures for body fluid identification. The samples were excited at 81 different excitation wavelengths ranging from 200 to 600 nm and for each excitation wavelength the emission was recorded between 220 and 700 nm. Subsequently, the total emitted fluorescence intensities of specific fluorescent signatures in the UV–visible range were summed and principal component analysis was performed to cluster the body fluids. Three combinations of four principal components allowed specific clustering of the body fluids, except for fingermarks. Blind testing showed that 71.4% of the unknown samples could be correctly identified. This pilot study shows that the fluorescent behavior of ageing body fluids can be used as a new non-invasive tool for body fluid identification, which can improve the current guidelines for the detection of body fluids in forensic practice and provide the robustness of methods that rely on fluorescence.
Zebrafish Larvae Position Tracker (Z-LaP Tracker): a high-throughput deep-learning behavioral approach for the identification of calcineurin pathway-modulating drugs using zebrafish larvae
Authors: Gore Sayali V. , Kakodkar Rohit , Del Rosario Hernández Thaís , Edmister Sara Tucker , Creton Robbert 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBrain function studies greatly depend on quantification and analysis of behavior. While behavior can be imaged efficiently, the quantification of specific aspects of behavior is labor-intensive and may introduce individual biases. Recent advances in deep learning and artificial intelligence-based tools have made it possible to precisely track individual features of freely moving animals in diverse environments without any markers. In the current study, we developed Zebrafish Larvae Position Tracker (Z-LaP Tracker), a modification of the markerless position estimation software DeepLabCut, to quantify zebrafish larval behavior in a high-throughput 384-well setting. We utilized the high-contrast features of our model animal, zebrafish larvae, including the eyes and the yolk for our behavioral analysis. Using this experimental setup, we quantified relevant behaviors with similar accuracy to the analysis performed by humans. The changes in behavior were organized in behavioral profiles, which were examined by K-means and hierarchical cluster analysis. Calcineurin inhibitors exhibited a distinct behavioral profile characterized by increased activity, acoustic hyperexcitability, reduced visually guided behaviors, and reduced habituation to acoustic stimuli. The developed methodologies were used to identify ‘CsA-type’ drugs that might be promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders.
Construction of visual evaluation system for building block night scene lighting based on multi‐target recognition and data processing
Authors: Wang Xiaojian , Sun Xiaoye , Wang Zixuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe rapid development of night tourism economy has made people's demand for night scene lighting in architectural blocks increasing, and the night scene lighting situation of urban architectural blocks has gradually received people's attention and attention. Achieving good night lighting visual effects of building blocks can not only meet the needs of residents for entertainment and consumption at night, but also beautify the image of blocks and promote the economic development of building blocks. However, due to the unreasonable planning and management of the night scene lighting design of architectural blocks in some areas, improper application of night scene lighting, and overly commercial night scene lighting effects, it affects people's normal night activity needs and has a negative impact on the long‐term block economy of the region. Faced with this situation, the night lighting of architectural blocks and its problems is studied and photos are identified with high lighting visual effect evaluation using multi‐target identification and data processing to construct a night lighting visual evaluation system for architectural blocks, and also an experimental study of the visual evaluation system is conducted. The results show that the overall visual suitability evaluation support rate of the respondents for the night scene lighting of architectural blocks is 95.64%, and the visual evaluation system proposed in this paper is reasonable and effective, which is conducive to promoting the improvement of the visual effect of night scene lighting in architectural blocks.
A model of anisotropic winds from rotating stars for evolutionary calculations
Authors: Hastings B. , Langer N. , Puls J. 
Published: February 2023

Context. The surface properties of rotating stars can vary from pole to equator, resulting in anisotropic stellar winds which are not included in the currently available evolutionary models.
Aims. We developed a formalism to describe the mass and angular momentum loss of rotating stars which takes into account both the varying surface properties and distortion due to rotation.
Methods. Adopting the mass-loss recipe for non-rotating stars, we assigned to each point on the surface of a rotating star an equivalent non-rotating star, for which the surface mass flux is given by the recipe. The global mass-loss and angular momentum loss rates are then given by integrating over the deformed stellar surface as appropriate. Evolutionary models were computed and our prescription is compared to the currently used simple mass-loss enhancement recipes for rotating stars.
Results. We find that mass-loss rates are largely insensitive to rotation for models not affected by the bi-stability jump. For those affected by the bi-stability jump, the increase in mass-loss rates with respect to time is smoothed. As our prescription considers the variation of physical conditions over the stellar surface, the region affected by the bi-stability jump is able to grow gradually instead of the whole star suddenly being affected.
Conclusions. We have provided an easy to implement and flexible, yet physically meaningful prescription for calculating mass and angular momentum loss rates of rotating stars in a one-dimensional stellar evolution code which compares favourably to more physically comprehensive models
Efficacy of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage II/III Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations
Authors: Matsunaga Takeshi , Takamochi Kazuya , Hattori Aritoshi , Fukui Mariko , Suzuki Kenji 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background Adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy improves the survival of patients with resected pathological stage II/III nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the efficacy in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations remains controversial.
Methods This retrospective study included 353 patients with resected pathological N1/N2 stage II/III NSCLC between 2010 and 2016. Mutant EGFR (mEGFR) was detected in 76 patients. Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) was administered to 151 patients. We compared cancer-specific survival (CSS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) between AC and surgery-alone (SA) groups, including patients with wild-type EGFR (wEGFR) and mEGFR. Using multivariate analysis, we evaluated the prognostic factors in patients with wEGFR and mEGFR.
Results The median follow-up time was 4.7 years. In patients with wEGFR, the differences in CSS and RFS between the AC (n = 114) and SA (n = 163) groups were significant (CSS: 66.8% [5 years] vs. 49.4% [5 years], p = 0.001; RFS: 54.2% [5 years] vs. 39.2% [5 years], p = 0.013). The significant prognostic factors were AC (vs. SA; p < 0.0001), diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide  > 60% (p = 0.028), tumor size (p < 0.001), lymphatic permeation (p = 0.041), and pN1 (vs. pN2; p < 0.001). However, the differences in CSS and RFS between the AC (n = 37) and SA (n = 39) groups were not significant (CSS: 64.0% [5 years] vs. 58.1% [5 years], p = 0.065; RFS: 45.0% [5 years] vs. 33.8% [5 years], p = 0.302). Multivariate analysis identified no significant prognostic factors in patients with mEGFR.
Conclusion We demonstrated the efficacy of AC in patients with mEGFR and wEGFR. The efficacy of AC may be lower in patients with mEGFR than in those with wEGFR.
Unusual Intracerebral Hemorrhage Secondary to Delayed Posttraumatic Middle Meningeal Artery Pseudoaneurysm, Successfully Treated by Endovascular N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate Embolization
Authors: Waghralkar Mandar G. , Ojha Piyush , Goel Gaurav , Banerjee Anirban Deep , Mahajan Anshu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPseudoaneurysm of the middle meningeal artery, presenting as a delayed sequela of trauma, being a rare entity, may sometimes present as an acute intraparenchymal hemorrhage, with a risk of rerupture and mortality. The optimal management in acute settings remains undetermined. We, hereby, report a case of elderly gentleman with a history of a road traffic accident. Noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) brain was reported to have left parietal hemorrhagic contusion without any mass effect. The patient was managed conservatively without any major neurological deficits. After 7 months, the patient presented with severe headache, altered sensorium, and right hemiparesis. NCCT brain showed acute left thalamocapsular hemorrhage with minimal subarachnoid hemorrhage with associated mass effect and impending herniation. Considering the fall in patient's baseline Glasgow comma scale response, pupillary asymmetry, and CT findings, immediate decompression and hematoma evacuation were advised. In view of atypical morphology, the patient was planned for urgent digital subtraction angiography prior to the surgery to rule out the ruptured aneurysm or pial arterio-venous fistula. Selective angiography of the left external carotid artery demonstrated a dissecting pseudoaneurysm feeding from the middle meningeal artery (MMA), which was embolized using n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA). Postprocedure DynaCT revealed the left temporal bone fracture, indicating this pseudoaneurysm to be most likely posttraumatic delayed sequelae. Postembolization, the patient underwent surgical decompression and excision of hematoma. Patient's neurological status gradually improved and was discharged with the minimal deficit. Our case highlights the importance of awareness of the posttraumatic MMA pseudoaneurysm as an uncommon but treatable entity, which can be easily diagnosed using cerebral angiography and amenable to safe and effective endovascular embolization using NBCA.
Characterization of the defect in CIGSe solar cell by admittance spectroscopy
Authors: Zhu Jiwu , Jia Rui , Tian Xiaorang , Li Xing , Tao Ke , Luo Wei , Wang Longjie 
Published: February 2023

In this work, we used admittance spectroscopy to accurately characterize the defect energy distribution of defects in the absorption layer of a CuIn1−xGaxSe2 (CIGSe) solar cell. We found that the dark current of the CIGSe cell decreased by an order of magnitude, and its ideality factor dropped from 2.16 to 1.85 after annealing. The capacitance of the CIGSe solar cell before annealing was higher than that after annealing under reverse bias. Moreover, a higher free carrier concentration was found in the absorption layer of the cell before annealing. The results of our tests show that the built-in electric voltages of the CIGSe cell before and after annealing were 0.52 and 0.64 V, respectively. After annealing, the activation energy of defects in the absorption layer decreased, and their concentration remained almost constant, as measured by admittance spectroscopy. The decrease of the defect activation energy indicated a corresponding decrease in the Shockley–Read–Hall recombination probability of defects in the present cell; hence, the increase of the open circuit voltage and parallel resistance of the CIGSe solar cells after annealing resulted in improved performance.
Orientation estimation of cryo-EM images using projected gradient descent method
Authors: Pan Huan , Lu Jian , Wen You-Wei , Xu Chen , Zeng Tieyong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Orientation estimation is an important task in three-dimensional cryo-EM image reconstruction. By applying the common line method, the orientation estimation task can be formulated as a least squares (LS) problem or a least un-squared deviation (LUD) problem with orthogonality constraint. However, the non-convexity of the orthogonality constraint introduces numerical difficulties to the orientation estimation. The conventional approach is to reformulate the orthogonality constrained minimization problem into a semi-definite programming problem using convex relaxation strategies. In this paper, we consider a direct way to solve the constrained minimization problem without relaxation. We focus on the weighted LS problem because the LUD problem can be reformulated into a sequence of weighted LS problems using the iteratively re-weighted LS approach. As a classical approach, the projected gradient descent (PGD) method has been successfully applied to solve the convex constrained minimization problem. We apply the PGD method to the minimization problem with orthogonality constraint and show that the constraint set is a generalized prox-regular set, and it satisfies the norm compatibility condition. We also demonstrate that the objective function of the minimization problem satisfies the restricted strong convexity and the restricted strong smoothness over a constraint set. Therefore, the sequence generated by the PGD method converges when the initial conditions are satisfied. Experimental results show that the PGD method significantly outperforms the semi-definite relaxation methods from a computation standpoint, and the mean square error is almost the same or smaller.
Fused silica microchannel fabrication with smooth surface and high etching selectivity
Authors: Morikawa Kyojiro , Chen Po-yin , Tran Hai Linh , Kazoe Yutaka , Chen Chihchen , Kitamori Takehiko 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Channel fabrication technology has become increasingly important for microfluidic and nanofluidic devices. In particular, glass channels have high chemical and physical stability, high optical transparency, and ease of surface modification, so that there is increasing interest in glass microfluidic devices for chemical experiments in microfluidics and nanofluidics. For the fabrication of glass channels, especially those with a high aspect ratio (depth/width), lithography using a metal resist and dry etching have mainly been used. However, there are still issues involving the surface roughness of the etched channel and the low etching selectivity. In this study, a microchannel fabrication method with high etching selectivity that produces a smooth etched surface was developed. First, interference during dry etching by remaining Cr particles after the photolithography and Cr etching processes was assumed as the cause of the rough etched surface. Three different dry etching processes were introduced to verify this. In process 1 without removal of the Cr particles, the etched surface was not flat and had a 1 μm scale roughness. In process 2 where a cleaning process was included and high power etching was conducted, a smooth surface with a 1 nm scale roughness and a faster etching rate of 0.3 μm min−1 were obtained. For this high-power etching condition, the etching selectivity (fused silica/Cr) was relatively low at approximately 39–43. In process 3 with a cleaning process and low-power etching, although the etching rate was relatively low at 0.1 μm min−1, a smooth surface with 1 nm scale roughness (10 nm scale roughness deeper than 40 μm in the depth region) and a much higher etching selectivity of approximately 79–84 were obtained. The dry etching method presented in this study represents a significant contribution to microfluidics/nanofluidics for microchannel/nanochannel fabrication.
Quantum identity authentication using a Hadamard gate based on a GHZ state
Authors: Jian Liya , Wang Yuqi , Chen Geng , Zhou Yi , Liu Shiming 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
According to the properties of the Hadamard gate and GHZ state, a quantum authentication protocol with transferable information is proposed. This protocol has higher security and integrity. Specifically, the direct appearance of the key and the transmitted information are not required for both quantum and classical channels. In addition, the protocol realizes the key update in the process of identity authentication, which can automatically generate the key needed for the next information transmission. We expect that our protocol can be extended to many other quantum communication technologies.
Production of magnetic field due to heavy ion collisions around transition energy
Authors: Sharma Dhanpat , Kumar Suneel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Isospin quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD) model is a reliable computational tool for the study of various phenomena (multi fragmentation, anisotropic flow, nuclear stopping) from low to intermediate heavy ion collisions (HICs). Here, simulation has been carried out for the magnetic field generated during non-central HICs using the IQMD model. The effect of various parameters, such as centrality, angular momentum, rapidity and incident energy has been thoroughly investigated on the magnetic field with the evolution of time and space. It has been observed that the rapidity bin significantly impacts the magnitude of the magnetic field in different directions. Furthermore, the magnetic field produced during HIC leads to a notable impact on the in-plane momentum of the proton and neutron.
Analysis of critical current inhomogeneity in r–z plane of GdBCO superconducting bulk and simulation of flux jumps during pulsed field magnetization
Authors: Hu J T , Yang W J , Zhou D F , Zhao P , Li X D , Deng F W , Yan J Z 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In pulsed field magnetization (PFM), the phenomenon of flux jump is capable of driving magnetic flux vortexes into the GdBCO superconducting bulk center to aid full magnetization. Various homogeneous critical current density (J
c) models have been implemented to reproduce flux jumps, but the simulated multi-physical responses differ from experimental observations. This paper proposes a modified J
c model to consider r–z plane J
c inhomogeneity, and simulates flux jumps under experimental conditions by solving a 2D axisymmetric electromagnetic-thermal coupled model. A numerical treatment is developed to reflect the breaking of shielding current during flux jumps. The accuracy of our model is verified by comparisons of the calculated results for trapped magnetic fields (B
T) and the PFM and field-cooling experimental results. On this basis, we investigate the improvement of the inhomogeneous J
c model and obtain multi-physical responses that show better agreement with the experimental results compared to the homogeneous J
c model. Moreover, to further test the ability of the inhomogeneous J
c model to predict the anisotropy of the spatial magnetic field distribution, the simulated B
T profiles at the top and bottom surfaces of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) bulk at 77 K are compared to the experiments. This study may provide a new approach for modeling the inhomogeneity of J
c characteristics and a useful analysis tool for industrial devices using HTS bulk magnets.
ARCADIA MAPS process qualification through the electrical characterization of passive pixel arrays
Authors: Corradino T. , Dalla Betta G.F. , Neubüser C. , Pancheri L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The development of novel Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) technologies has been pursued by several collaborations in the last two decades. The ARCADIA project aims to design fully depleted MAPS for medical, space, HEP and X-ray detection applications, that can be produced with a commercial 110 nm CMOS production process. Among the test structures of the first two engineering runs of the project, passive pixel arrays with different pitches and layouts were included. The main characteristics of the produced devices in terms of dark current, depletion voltage, punch through current and pixel capacitance have been evaluated from IV and CV characteristics of the pixel arrays. Groups of four samples have been extracted from as many different positions within each wafer and electrically characterized to obtain information on the variability in the pixel operating voltage range and in the pixel dark current, reflecting variations related to the employed production process. The experimental data demonstrated a good uniformity in the considered parameters for different sample positions within the produced wafers, as well as for samples extracted from different wafers with the same substrate type.