bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of the MSR in stabilizing EU ETS market and incentivizing low-carbon investment
Authors: Wu Libo , Gong Yanran , Wang Chujun , Tang Weiqi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The EU ETS introduced the Market Stability Reserve (MSR) since 2019, to balance out the surplus in its allowances, improve the market stability, and thus, to restore its incentives for low-carbon investments. However, the effectiveness of the MSR is yet to be tested. Taking the Covid-19 pandemic as a social experiment, we prove that the MSR activated a stronger rebound in carbon price by boosting market expectations after the major demand shock, and thus stabilized the European carbon market. But in normal years, the MSR doesn’t have a significant or persistent impact that would break the market stability. We also prove that green-stock indices, as a proxy of incentives for low-carbon investments, are closely related to the carbon price, and the introduction of the MSR improved its resilience to external shocks. The results prove the effectiveness of the MSR and justify the introduction of similar market stabilizing mechanisms in other emission trading schemes.
Perceptions of pre-clerkship students about workplace learning in the clinical learning environment at Gulf Medical University, UAE: An exploratory study.
Authors: Adnan Nooreen , Azhar Farah , Azim Syeda Rubaba 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background:
Medical students view clinical workplace placements as an inspiring and motivating learning environment where active student participation is pivotal to development of students’ identity. The progress from pre-clerkship to clerkship education harbours many challenges which consist of experiential learning, adjusting to the clinical environment, and understanding roles & responsibilities. Workplace learning course was recently initiated for pre-clerkship students at a medical university in UAE, which will enable their smooth entry into the clerkship phase of the curriculum.
Objectives
The research aims to explore students’ perceptions of various domains of their clinical learning environment (CLE), highlight the challenges they face, and extract valuable feedback to improve their environment.
Methods:
This study was conducted qualitatively by using focus groups method in order to explore students’ perceptions of the clinical learning environment. Two focus group discussions were conducted (n = 8 +/-10) to determine the common challenges of workplace learning and its potential solutions. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.
Result:
The focus groups helped to deeply explore the perceptions of students about their clinical learning environment. It helped to reveal the challenges encountered by the students including the significance of proper orientation of staff and students, language barrier, availability of learning opportunities, and supervision quality. The focus groups provided worthwhile suggestions to improve the learning opportunities in the clinical learning environment.
Conclusion:
This study attempted to identify the pre-clerkship students’ perception of their clinical learning environment and the challenges they face over there. Possible suggestions by the students included a formal orientation for the staff and students to be carried out at the beginning. Efforts should be made by clerkship directors to provide students with learning opportunities by increasing patient exposure, encouraging participation, and providing high-quality supervision.
Flexible multi-channel electrodes for acute recording in the non-human primates
Authors: Pei Weihua , Wang Yang , Wang Qifan , Zheng Ruichen , Xu Xinxiu , Yang Xinze , Gui Qiang , Yang Xiaowei , Wang Yijun , Cui He 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Flexible electrodes have demonstrated good biocompatibility compared to rigid electrodes in relieving encapsulation and long-term recording. The structural and functional properties of the brain in non-human primates are closer to those of humans than in rodents. However, the application of flexible electrodes on non-human primates has been rarely reported. One of the challenges is the long experimental iteration of the electrodes, limited by implanting period, both pre- and post-surgery. In the present study, a flexible multi-channel electrode array for non-human primates was developed and implemented to the extracellular recording in behaving monkeys. To decrease possible risks, a guide-tube-compatible implantation solution was designed to implant electrodes into the cortex without durotomy. Furthermore, packaging and acute recording of multi-channel flexible electrodes for primates were tested ex vivo and in vivo. The results showed that the flexible electrodes and implantation method used in this study meet the needs of extracellular recording in non-human primates. Task-related neuronal activities were recorded with a high signal-to-noise ratio, providing a minimally invasive and clinically viable approach for extracellular recording.
A New Perspective on Tegelbarg. Character and chronology of a Late Neolithic shell midden in the western Baltic
Authors: Kleijne Jos , Huisman Hans 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The site of Tegelbarg is a Late Neolithic shell midden situated on the Baltic coast in Northern Europe. Spatially and temporally separated from its famous Danish counterparts, it presents an intriguing anomaly in a full-fledged agricultural society. We present a combined perspective on the chronology and the character of this occupation using archaeological soil micromorphology and the Bayesian modelling of radiocarbon dates. The earliest human presence predates the shell midden formation. A coffin grave was dug during the Younger Neolithic, in which a crouched inhumation burial was placed. The Later Neolithic occupants provided a flint dagger to this grave, up to two centuries later, as an act of remembrance. Subsequent settlement activities included the construction of hearths, the production of flint daggers, and the use of coastal resources. The absence of fish bones can be explained by taphonomy, instead of prehistoric subsistence strategies. Landscape changes led to the site’s abandonment and the start of peat development.
Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy Presenting as a Sign of Impending Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Case Report
Authors: Louie Emily , Tang Anthony , King Benjamin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: To report a case of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) that progressed to central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) on spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).
Case Presentation: A 63-year-old male presented with a paracentral scotoma that began several days ago. His past medical history consisted of third degree atrioventricular heart block requiring a pacemaker. Giant cell arteritis was ruled out after erythrocyte sedimentation rate and c-reactive protein levels were normal. SD-OCT revealed a characteristic hyperreflective band in the inner nuclear layer consistent with PAMM in his left eye. Fluorescein angiography was obtained and demonstrated an area of non-perfusion in the parafoveal region. Five days later, the patient developed no light perception in the left eye. SD-OCT showed a diffuse inner retinal hyperreflectivity consistent with CRAO.
Conclusion: PAMM can be a harbinger event for complete CRAO. Complete stroke evaluation should be performed to prevent a cerebrovascular event or progression to complete blindness in the involved eye.
Efficacy and Safety of Dofetilide and Sotalol in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Chen Christopher , Lal Mallika , Burton Yunwoo , Chen Hongya , Stecker Eric , Masri Ahmad , Nazer Babak 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Professional society practice guidelines conflict regarding their recommendations of dofetilide (DOF) and sotalol (STL) for treatment of arrhythmias in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and supporting data is sparse. We aim to assess safety and efficacy of DOF and STL on arrhythmias in HCM.
Methods
This was an observational study of HCM patients treated with DOF or STL for atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular arrhythmias (VA). Outcomes of drug discontinuation and arrhythmia recurrence were compared at 1 year and latest follow-up by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Predictors of drug failure were studied using uni- and multi-variable analyses. Drug-related adverse events were quantitated.
Results
Of our cohort of 72 patients (54 ± 14 years old, 75% male), 21 were prescribed DOF for AF, 52 STL for AF, and 18 STL for VA. At 1 year, discontinuation and recurrence rates were similar for DOF-AF (38% and 43%) and STL-AF (29% and 44%) groups. Efficacy data was similar at long-term follow-up of 1603 (IQR 994–4131) days, and for STL-VA. Drug inefficacy was the most common reason for discontinuation (28%) followed by side-effects (13%). Incidences of heart failure hospitalization (5%) and mortality (3%) were low. One STL-AF patient developed non-sustained torsades de pointes in the setting of severe pneumonia and acute kidney injury, but there were no other drug-related serious adverse events.
Conclusion
DOF and STL demonstrate moderate efficacy and excellent safety when used for AF and VA in HCM patients.
Barriers and facilitators of health self-management for the managers in long-term care facilities—a qualitative exploration based on Theoretical Domains Frame
Authors: Huang Li-Li , Guan Xian-Hua , Hu Wei-Wei , Jiang Yan-Hong , Fu Jing-Jing , Hong Wei-Wen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Long-term care development has become a global demand. Nurse directors play a crucial role in managing a long-term care facility's quality and costs. In terms of health self-management, they face many challenges. Health self-
management of nursing service quality managers, however, is relatively unknown.
Methods: An interview outline were developed based on the framework of theoretical domains. 17 managers were selected for semistructured interviews using purposeful sampling and the snowball method. Nurses, nursing managers, and nursing directors participated in this study. Content analysis was conducted using transcripts of interview recordings, interview notes, reflection diaries, and other materials.
Results: Data saturation was reached after the 17th face-to-face interview. Five barriers topics and related sub-topics were categorised in ten domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework. The main barriers to healthy self-management were: (1)Negative emotional influence, (2) Limited time resources, (3) Fetters from professional roles, (4) Lack of positive reinforcement, (5) Concerns about physical red flags. In the ten TDF domains, six facilitators topics and related sub-themes were also identified. These key facilitators included: (1) Highlight the benefits of good habits, (2) Intention to balance life and work, (3) The impact of being considered a benchmark, (4) Fragmented exercise management, (5) Find the team, (6)Wear sports electronic equipment.
Conclusion: This study identified a wide range of barriers and facilitators of self-healthy behaviors in long-term care facilities. Managers may consider whether these barriers and facilitators operate in their work. To promote health self-management, provide ideas and references for future research.
Using computer-based habit versus chess-based cognitive remediation training as add-on therapy to modify the imbalance between habitual behavior and cognitive control in tobacco use disorder: protocol of a randomized controlled, fMRI study
Authors: Karl Damian , Wieland Alfred , Shevchenko Yury , Grundinger Nadja , Machunze Noah , Gerhardt Sarah , Flor Herta , Vollstädt-Klein Sabine 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background:
Although the vast majority of smokers are aware of the enormous preventable health hazards caused by smoking, only a small percentage of smokers manage to remain abstinent in the long term. One possible explanation for this discrepancy lies in the inflexibility of addictive behavior and associated disadvantageous decision‐making. According to a dual‐process theory of decision‐making, two distinct decision systems can be identified. One slow deliberate system based on desirable expectations of outcome value described as goal‐directed behavior and a fast reflexive system based on habitual instrumental behavior and driven by reinforcement experienced in the past. In the course of addiction development, an imbalance occurs between habitual behavior and goal-directed. The present study aims to investigate the modifiability of the balance between habitual and goal-directed behavior at the neurobiological and behavioral level in smokers using two different novel add-on therapies. We hypothesize that both interventions change the balance between goal-directed and habitual behavior, but by different mechanisms. Whereas a cognitive remediation treatment should directly improve cognitive control, in contrast an implicit priming task should affect the early processing and the emotional valence of smoking and smoking cues.
Methods:
We will conduct a randomized controlled study in treatment-seeking individuals with tobacco use disorder applying either chess-based cognitive remediation training (N = 30) or implicit computer-based habit-modifying training (N = 30) as add on therapy compared to the standard smoking cessation group therapy (N = 30) only. We will address neurobiological and neuropsychological correlates associated with craving, reward devaluation, cue reactivity and attentional bias. In addition, various effects of treatment and prediction of treatment outcome will be examined using behavioral and neural measures.
Discussion: The present study will apply different examination methods such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, neuropsychological tests, and self-report before and after the interventions. This allows the identification of intervention-specific mechanisms and therefore potential neurobiology-based specific treatment targets for individuals with Tobacco Use Disorder.
Trial registration: Registered at clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03764969 (05 December 2018).
Massive airway hemorrhage in severe COVID-19 and the role endotracheal tube clamping
Authors: guo litao , Liu Yu , Zhang Lei , Li Qing , Qiu Haibo , Guo Yaling , Shi Qindong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) has been widely used in treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with severe respiratory failure. However, there are few reports of the successful treatment of patients with massive airway hemorrhage in severe COVID-19 during VV-ECMO treatment.
Methods
We analyzed the treatment process of a patient with massive airway hemorrhage in severe COVID-19, who underwent prolonged VV-ECMO treatment.
Results
A 59-year-old female patient was admitted to the intensive care unit after confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. VV-ECMO, mechanical ventilation and prone ventilation were administered. Major airway hemorrhage occurred on day 14 of ECMO treatment; conventional management was ineffective. We provided complete VV-ECMO support, discontinued anticoagulation, disconnected the ventilator, clipped the tracheal intubation, and intervened to embolize the descending bronchial arteries. After the pulmonary pemorrhage stopped, we administered cryotherapy under bronchoscopy, low-dose urokinase locally, and bronchoalveolar lavage in the airway to clear the blood clots. The patient’s condition gradually improved; she underwent ECMO weaning and decannulation after 88 days of VV-ECMO treatment, and the membrane oxygenator was changed out four times. She was successfully discharged after 182 days in hospital.
Conclusion
Massive airway hemorrhage in patients with severe COVID-19 and treated with ECMO is catastrophic. It is feasible to clamp the tracheal tube with the full support of ECMO. Notably, bronchoscopy with cryotherapy is effective for removing blood clots.
Mirror Therapy Combined With Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Poststroke Lower Extremity Motor Function Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Oh Zhen-Han , Liu Chia-Hung , Hsu Chih-Wei , Liou Tsan-Hon , Escorpizo Reuben , Chen Hung-Chou 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The combination of mirror therapy (MT) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been devised as an intervention method in stroke rehabilitation; however, few studies have investigated its efficacy in lower extremity motor function recovery. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we examined the effectiveness of combined MT and NMES therapy in improving poststroke walking speed, gait ability, and balance. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected from PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Scopus databases. In total, six RCTs which involving 181 participants were included. Our findings indicate that MT combined with NMES elicits greater improvement relative to control group in walking speed (SMD = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26–1.07, P = 0.001), Berg Balance Scale (SMD = 5.47; 95% CI: 1.22–9.72; P = 0.01), cadence (SMD = 10.35, 95% CI: 1.15–19.55, P = 0.03), step length (SMD = 6.03, 95% CI: 2.52–9.54, P = 0.0008), and stride length (SMD = 13.10, 95% CI: 3.20–22.99, P = 0.009) but not in modified Ashworth scale (SMD = − 0.35, 95% CI: −0.75 to 0.06, P = 0.09). Our findings suggest that MT combined with NMES may be a suitable supplemental intervention to conventional therapy in stroke survivors.
Potential contribution of prioritized spatial allocation of nature-based solutions to climate neutrality in major EU cities
Authors: Pan Haozhi , Page Jessica , Shi Rui , Cong Cong , Cai Zipan , Barthel Stephan , Thollander Patrik , Colding Johan , Kalantari Zahra 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We assessed the mitigation potential of nature-based solutions (NbS) within commonly overlooked pathways, including human behavioral interventions and resource savings, in addition to the well-understood carbon sequestration area. We found that general NbS implementation in the residential, transport, and industrial sectors of European cities can reduce urban carbon emissions by up to 25%. Based on spatial patterns of carbon emissions and the local context of each city, we then prioritized spatial allocation of different types of NbS implementations within 54 major EU cities, in order to maximize the carbon emissions reduction potential. We found that prioritized NbS could reduce human activity-related carbon emissions by on average 17.4% for all cities, with 8.1%, 14.0%, and 9.6% reduction in the residential, industrial, and transport sector, respectively, while 5.6% of the remaining carbon emissions could be captured by carbon sequestration. Projections to 2030 showed that prioritized NbS implementations on all available land parcels in the RCP 1.9 scenario would reduce total carbon emissions by on average 62.5% (95% CI: 47.9–66.7%) compared with the baseline scenario, with NbS capturing 22.0% marginal emissions and sequestration capturing 13.3%. Some pioneering cities climate action are projected to be very close to achieve carbon neutrality by 2030 while 3 cities can realize the goal. For carbon neutrality, cities therefore need to co-integrate indirect (human behaviors and resource saving) and direct (sequestration) contributions of NbS into aggressive climate action plans.
The 5:2 diet is feasible and reduces risk factors for cardio-vascular disease in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ekberg Neda Rajamand , Hellberg Anton , Sundqvist Michaela , Hirschberg Angelica Linden , Catrina Sergiu-Bogdan , Brismar Kerstin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The 5:2 diet, a type of intermittent fasting has recently gained popularity. The aim was to evaluate the feasibility and effects of the 5:2 diet for six months on weight, metabolic and hormonal risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in overweight subjects with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). 97 (59 women) subjects, 35 with T2D and 62 without T2D (controls) followed the 5:2 diet (two days/week on a 500 (women) or 600 (men) kcal menu) for six months. Only 4/97 subjects discontinued. A weight loss of 4.2 (5.0–3.3) kg (4.94%) and 5.3 (6.4–4.2) kg (6.43%) was observed in controls and T2D, respectively. In both groups there were decreases in waist circumference, fat percentage, and blood pressure. Waist circumference decreased more in T2D compared to the controls. HbA1c improved in the T2D group. Metabolic control, lipids, adiponectin and leptin improved. Age-adjusted IGF-I decreased in the controls and IGF binding protein-1 increased in the T2D group suggesting improved hepatic insulin sensitivity in T2D. The 5:2 diet was feasible for 6 months and resulted in significant weight loss and improvement in metabolic and hormonal risk factors for CVD in overweight and obese subjects with and without T2D.
Effect of uniform strain on graphene surface plasmon excitations
Authors: Lemus C. , Cruz G Gonzalez de la , Oliva-Leyva M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper reports a study of the reflectance of the optical sensors based on graphene under uniform strain. Assuming the graphene layer is surrounded by two different semi-infinite dielectric media, the generalized Fresnel coefficients are derived as a function of usual quantities (e.g., dielectric constants, incident angles and strain) and anisotropic optical conductivity. The strain not only changes the electronic band structure, but also can be employed to tune the electronic collective excitations (plasmons) and thus the optical reflectance of graphene monolayers. One of the most common techniques for plasmon excitation is the Kretschmann configuration. It is based on the observation of a sharp minimum in the reflection coefficient versus angle (or wavelength) curve. Because strain induces anisotropy in graphene optical conductivity the strain-dependent orientation plays an important role to manipulate the variation of graphene plasmon energy, which may be useful to synchronize graphene properties in plasmonic devices to enhance light-matter interactions.
The effect of water on the interaction between species in Deep-Eutectic Solvents Based on Choline Chloride and Fatty Acids: insights from molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Pour Samaneh Barani , Sardroodi Jaber Jahanbin , Ebrahimzadeh Alireza Rastkar , pazuki gholam reza 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
DESs based on fatty acids are potential candidates for removing pollutants from aqueous environments. However, the structural properties must manifest the stability of DESs in the adjacent water. In this work, the structural stability of the binary mixtures of fatty acids (FAs) and choline chloride (Ch+Cl-) at different ratios was investigated in adjacent water using molecular dynamics simulations. The binary mixtures with the mole percent at 30 % of [Ch+Cl-] and 70 % of FAs have more stability than other ratios. We also observed that the interaction between the chloride anion and the hydroxyl group of the cation leads to the transition of HBA to the water-rich phase. These atomic sites have fundamental importance in the interaction between HBA and HBD.