bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral form factor in the τ-scaling limit
Authors: Okuyama Kazumi , Sakai Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We study the spectral form factor (SFF) of general topological gravity in the limit of large time and fixed temperature. It has been observed recently that in this limit, called the tau-scaling limit, the genus expansion of the SFF can be summed up and the late-time behavior of the SFF such as the ramp-plateau transition can be studied analytically. In this paper we develop a technique for the systematic computation of the higher order corrections to the SFF in the strict tau-scaling limit. We obtain the first five corrections in a closed form for the general background of topological gravity. As concrete examples, we present the results for the Airy case and Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity. We find that the above higher order corrections are the Fourier transforms of the corrections to the sine-kernel approximation of the Christoffel-Darboux kernel in the dual double-scaled matrix integral, which naturally explains their structure. Along the way we also develop a technique for the systematic computation of the corrections to the sine-kernel formula, which have not been fully explored in the literature before.
High-resolution mapping of SrTm4, a recessive resistance gene to wheat stem rust
Authors: Li Hongna , Luo Jing , Zhang Wenjun , Hua Lei , Li Kun , Wang Jian , Xu Binyang , Yang Chen , Wang Guiping , Rouse Matthew N. , Dubcovsky Jorge , Chen Shisheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Key message
The diploid wheat recessive stem rust resistance gene SrTm4 was fine-mapped to a 754-kb region on chromosome arm 2AmL and potential candidate genes were identified.

Abstract
Race Ug99 of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), the causal agent of wheat stem (or black) rust is one of the most serious threats to global wheat production. The identification, mapping, and deployment of effective stem rust resistance (Sr) genes are critical to reduce this threat. In this study, we generated SrTm4 monogenic lines and found that this gene confers resistance to North American and Chinese Pgt races. Using a large mapping population (9522 gametes), we mapped SrTm4 within a 0.06 cM interval flanked by marker loci CS4211 and 130K1519, which corresponds to a 1.0-Mb region in the Chinese Spring reference genome v2.1. A physical map of the SrTm4 region was constructed with 11 overlapping BACs from the resistant Triticum monococcum PI 306540. Comparison of the 754-kb physical map with the genomic sequence of Chinese Spring and a discontinuous BAC sequence of DV92 revealed a 593-kb chromosomal inversion in PI 306540. Within the candidate region, we identified an L-type lectin-domain containing receptor kinase (LLK1), which was disrupted by the proximal inversion breakpoint, as a potential candidate gene. Two diagnostic dominant markers were developed to detect the inversion breakpoints. In a survey of T. monococcum accessions, we identified 10 domesticated T. monococcum subsp. monococcum genotypes, mainly from the Balkans, carrying the inversion and showing similar mesothetic resistant infection types against Pgt races. The high-density map and tightly linked molecular markers developed in this study are useful tools to accelerate the deployment of SrTm4-mediated resistance in wheat breeding programs.
Using collaborative autoethnography to explore the teaching of qualitative research methods in medicine
Authors: Ibrahim Kinda , Weller Susie , Elvidge Elissa , Tavener Meredith 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article explores experiences of teaching qualitative research (QR) broadly, and qualitative methods (QM) more specifically in medicine, highlighting the challenges faced, and offering recommendations for overcoming them. Using collective online interviews, collaborative autoethnography (CAE) was employed to generate data comprising educator’s reflective accounts of teaching QM in medical schools across two continents. Three main themes were identified through collaborative thematic analysis: making meaningful contributions from a marginalized position; finding our pedagogical feet; and recognizing the translational applicability and value of QR. We reflected on the marginalized positioning of QM in medical curricula and the underestimation of the value of QR to understanding pressing health issues. Analysis of these reflections pointed to a lack of formal training for educators and curriculum space for qualitative approaches. Our teaching pedagogies, developed through our own research experiences, self-reflection and student feedback, were primarily student-centered employing a range of novel approaches designed to foster skills and interest in the craft of QR, and introduce a greater appreciation of the significance of QR approaches to medicine. CAE further allowed us to identify some key recommendations that could help medical educators plan for teaching QM and other research methods more effectively in medicine. Future curriculum development should consider the benefits of exposing learners to a range of methods and approaches from across the qualitative-quantitative spectrum.
Optimal Decision Rules for the Discursive Dilemma
Authors: Alabert Aureli , Farré Mercè , Montes Rubén 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe consider the classical problem in truth-tracking judgment aggregation of a conjunctive agenda with two premisses and one conclusion. We study this problem from the point of view of finding the best decision rule according to a quantitative criterion, under very mild restrictions on the set of admissible rules. The members of the deciding committee are assumed to have a certain probability to assess correctly the truth or falsity of the premisses, and the best rule is the one that minimises a combination of the probabilities of false positives and false negatives on the conclusion.
Polyphenol-based targeted therapy for oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Mehta Chetan Hasmukh , Paliwal Shivangi , Muttigi Manjunatha S. , Seetharam Raviraja N. , Prasad Alevoor Srinivas Bharath , Nayak Yogendra , Acharya Shruthi , Nayak Usha Yogendra 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, progressive, and precancerous condition mainly caused by chewing areca nut. Currently, OSF therapy includes intralesional injection of corticosteroids with limited therapeutic success in disease management. Therefore, a combined approach of in silico, in vitro and in vivo drug development can be helpful. Polyphenols are relatively safer than other synthetic counterparts. We used selected polyphenols to shortlist the most suitable compound by in silico tools. Based on the in silico results, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), quercetin (QUR), resveratrol, and curcumin had higher affinity and stability with the selected protein targets, transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), and lysyl oxidase (LOX). The efficacy of selected polyphenols was studied in primary buccal mucosal fibroblasts followed by in vivo areca nut extract induced rat OSF model. In in vitro studies, the induced fibroblast cells were treated with EGCG and QUR. EGCG was safer at higher concentrations and more efficient in reducing TGF-β1, collagen type-1A2 and type-3A1 mRNA expression than QUR. In vivo studies confirmed that the EGCG hydrogel was efficient in improving the disease conditions compared to the standard treatment betamethasone injection with significant reduction in TGF-β1 and collagen concentrations with increase in mouth opening. EGCG can be considered as a potential, safer and efficient phytomolecule for OSF therapy and its mucoadhesive topical formulation help in the improvement of patient compliance without any side effects.
Graphical abstract

Highlights

Potential polyphenols were shortlisted to treat oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) using in silico tools

Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) significantly reduced TGF-β1 and collagen both in vitro and in vivo

EGCG hydrogel enhanced antioxidant defense, modulated inflammation by reducing TGF-β1 and improved mouth opening in OSF rat model.
The NLRP3 inflammasome: role in the pathobiology of chronic pain
Authors: Chen Chen , Smith Maree T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChronic pain is not only one of the most common health problems, it is often challenging to treat adequately. Chronic pain has a high prevalence globally, affecting approximately 20% of the adult population. Chronic inflammatory pain and neuropathic (nerve) pain conditions are areas of large unmet medical need because analgesic/adjuvant agents recommended for alleviation of these types of chronic pain often lack efficacy and/or they produce dose-limiting side effects. Recent work has implicated the NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome in the pathobiology of chronic pain, especially neuropathic and inflammatory pain conditions. NLRP3 is activated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). This in turn leads to recruitment and activation of caspase-1 an enzyme that cleaves the inactive IL-1β and IL-18 precursors to their respective mature pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18) for release into the cellular milieu. Caspase-1 also cleaves the pyroptosis-inducing factor, gasdermin D, that leads to oligomerization of its N-terminal fragment to form pores in the host cell membrane. This then results in cellular swelling, lysis and release of cytoplasmic contents in an inflammatory form of cell death, termed pyroptosis. The ultimate outcome may lead to the development of neuropathic pain and/or chronic inflammatory pain. In this review, we address a role for NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the pathogenesis of various chronic pain conditions.
Atomic Ordering and Interfacial Interaction at Liquid-Mg/SiC{0 0 0 1} Interfaces: An Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Fang Changming , Fan Zhongyun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe present the results of ab initio molecular dynamics investigations on the atomic ordering and chemical interactions at the interfaces between liquid Mg and SiC{0 0 0 1} interfaces. The simulations reveal distinct borders between the SiC substrates and liquid Mg. The liquid Mg atoms adjacent to the substrates are bonded to the outmost C/Si atoms and are positively charged. The terminating Mg layers contain a variety of atomic vacancies, being topologically rough. The liquid Mg atoms adjacent to the substrates display unusual prenucleation phenomenon with strong layering but weak in-plane ordering. The obtained information here is helpful to get insight into the formation and interfacial interactions in the SiC joined nano-sized magnesium matrix composites and the role of SiC particles as potential nucleation sites during solidification, and further helps understand interfacial interactions at the grain boundaries in ceramic/metal composites and welded parts, etc. in general.
Effects of moxibustion on behaviors and tryptophan metabolism-related products in mice with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Chen Jiayi , Zhu Xiaoji , Peng Yang , Liu Huirong , Wu Huangan , Zhou Cili 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective
To observe the effect of moxibustion on behaviors and related products of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism in the colon of mice with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and to explore the mechanism of moxibustion in the IBS treatment.

Methods
Twenty-four mice were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a moxibustion group, and a probiotic group, with 6 mice in each group. The visceral pain model of IBS was established by enema with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) solution. Mice in the moxibustion group were treated with mild moxibustion at bilateral Zusanli (ST36), and those in the probiotic group were treated with probiotics such as Bifidobacterium by gavage. Abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) test, elevated plus-maze (EPM) test, and forced swimming test (FST) were performed after treatment. The expression levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) in the colon were detected by immunofluorescence, and the expression levels of Trp, kynurenine (Kyn), and indole-2,3-oxygenase (IDO) in the colon were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
Compared with the normal group, the AWR scores were increased significantly in the model group under different pressure values (P<0.01), the open-arm staying time and open-arm entries in the EPM test were decreased significantly (P<0.01, P<0.05), the motionless time in the FST was increased significantly (P<0.01), and the expression levels of colonic Trp, TPH1, IDO, 5-HT, and Kyn were increased significantly (P<0.01) in the models. Compared with the model group, the AWR scores were differently decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), the open-arm entries in the EPM test were increased (P<0.05), the motionless times in the FST were decreased (P<0.05), and the colonic expression levels of Trp, TPH1, IDO, and 5-HT were decreased (P<0.01 or P<0.05) in the moxibustion and probiotic groups; the open-arm staying time was significantly increased in the moxibustion group (P<0.01), and the colonic expression level of Kyn was significantly decreased in the probiotic group (P<0.01).

Conclusion
Moxibustion at Zusanli (ST36) improves visceral pain and pain mood and down-regulates the expression levels of colonic TPH1, IDO, Trp, 5-HT, and Kyn in IBS mice.
Empirical research on teacher competence in mathematics lesson planning: recent developments
Authors: Cevikbas Mustafa , König Johannes , Rothland Martin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLesson planning is of central importance to the teaching of all subjects in school. However, despite its high relevance, there is still a substantial need for a comprehensive review of factors affecting lesson planning. Empirical evidence on how teachers’ competence in lesson planning can be developed, what challenges may be encountered during the lesson planning process, and successful lesson planning designs and practices should come to light on. To close this gap the current paper presents the results of a systematic review of 20 empirical research studies on teacher competence in mathematics lesson planning. For detailed insight into the most recent contributions of the reviewed studies on mathematics lesson planning, we analyzed studies conducted during the past decade, adapting the “process model of lesson planning” and the model of “competence as continuum” as a heuristic for approaching lesson planning. We present key results of the studies related to four major themes: (1) dispositions and their influence on developing and implementing lesson plans, (2) quality aspects of lesson plans and the development of lesson planning skills, (3) difficulties in lesson planning, and (4) the relationship between lesson planning skills and performance in implementation of lesson plans. The results of our literature review reveal that teachers (especially novice teachers) face difficulties in lesson planning and their overall competence (and knowledge) are not at an expert level. However, as the results of the examined studies pointed out, teachers can acquire such competence and knowledge through training within initial teacher education and professional development. Overall, teachers need support in planning mathematics lessons by delineating their lesson plan to improve their awareness of students’ thinking, possible learning trajectories, effective usage of the curriculum and teaching resources, and the potential of innovative pedagogies that incorporate new technology.
Molecular pathology of colorectal cancer
Authors: Noack Petar , Langer Rupert 
Published: April 2023

SummaryColorectal cancer (CRC) is a molecularly heterogeneous disease arising from gradual accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes. In the last decade, great efforts have been made to classify CRC according to molecular features. This has led to several proposals of molecular subtyping. Recently, consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) have been proposed based on the integration of previously existing categorizations and additional comprehensive molecular studies. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a highly specific molecular feature in CRC with a therapeutic impact, for example for immunotherapy. MSI is recognized as a separate CMS subtype. Beyond MSI, molecular subtyping may also be helpful for further differentiating CRC into prognostically distinct groups and for identifying new treatment targets, particularly for CMS with more aggressive behavior and resistance to conventional systemic treatment. Molecular subtypes may also exhibit distinctive morphological features, which may open the horizon for morphomolecular diagnostics based on digital pathology and machine learning. This review article summarizes current aspects of the molecular pathology of CRC with a focus on molecular subtyping in the context of pathological features and therapeutic applications.
Intrauterine Device Complications and Their Management
Authors: Myo Melissa G. , Nguyen Brian T. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Individuals are using intrauterine devices (IUDs) increasingly more frequently not only for contraception and emergency contraception, but also, in the case of hormonal IUDs, for the management of heavy menstrual bleeding and endometrial hyperplasia. While IUD complications are rare, their increasing prevalence is inevitably linked to more patients requiring specialized care for these complications. This review summarizes the most common complications, inclusive of perforation, expulsion, concurrent pregnancy, and difficult IUD removal, as well as their management strategies.

Recent Findings

The two most recent, large-scale, multi-site cohort studies examining IUD complications were conducted in Europe (European Active Surveillance Study for Intrauterine Devices (EURAS-IUD)) and the USA (Association of Perforation and Expulsion of Intrauterine Devices (APEX-IUD)), confirming the rarity of perforations, occurring in less than 0.5% of individuals over 5 years of follow-up and primarily at the time of or soon after insertion. These studies both confirmed the independent and increased risk of perforation among individuals receiving an IUD in the postpartum state, as well as among breastfeeding individuals. In the APEX-IUD study, the risk of perforation was noted to be elevated even up to 52 weeks postpartum, even when controlling for breastfeeding status. The same study also noted that 10.7% of individuals receiving IUDs within 3 days postpartum expelled their IUDs; while this proportion was significantly elevated compared to those waiting several weeks to receive their IUD, it is remarkably lower than rates seen in previous studies of immediate postpartum IUD insertion. Breastfeeding was protective against IUD expulsion. Additional studies note the incidence of IUD fragmentation and possible differences for rates of fragmentation by device type.

Summary

IUD complications are generally rare but can become serious or burdensome for patients if their reproductive healthcare providers are not aware of the possible risks and presentation. Understanding the potential for IUDs to perforate the uterus, be expelled, fail to prevent pregnancy, or be difficult to remove, along with the various risk factors linked to these complications, can help providers improve their counseling and take appropriate precautions with IUD insertion to better avoid them, as well as manage them when they inevitably occur.
Global well-posedness of the two-dimensional stochastic viscous nonlinear wave equations
Authors: Liu Ruoyuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe study well-posedness of viscous nonlinear wave equations (vNLW) on the two-dimensional torus with a stochastic forcing. In particular, we prove pathwise global well-posedness of the stochastic defocusing vNLW with an additive stochastic forcing $$D^\alpha \xi $$

D
α

ξ

, where $$\alpha < \frac{1}{2}$$

α
<

1
2

and $$\xi $$
ξ
denotes the space–time white noise.
Feature Equilibrium: An Adversarial Training Method to Improve Representation Learning
Authors: Liu Minghui , Yang Meiyi , Deng Jiali , Cheng Xuan , Xie Tianshu , Deng Pan , Gong Haigang , Liu Ming , Wang Xiaomin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOver-fitting is a significant threat to the integrity and reliability of deep neural networks with generous parameters. One problem is that the model learned more specific features than general features in the training process. To solve the problem, we propose an adversarial training method to assist the model in strengthening general representation learning. In this method, we make a classification model as a generatorGand introduce an unsupervised discriminatorDto distinguish the hidden feature of the classification model from real images to limit their spatial distance. Notably, theDwill fall into the trap of a perfect discriminator resulting in the gradient of confrontation loss of 0 after overtraining. To avoid this situation, we train theDwith a probability$$P_{c}$$Pc. Our proposed method is easy to incorporate into existing frameworks. It has been evaluated under various network architectures over different fields of datasets. Experiments show that this method, under low computational cost, outperforms the benchmark by 1.5–2 points on different datasets. For semantic segmentation on VOC, our proposed method achieves 2.2 points higher mAP.
The Value of MRI in the Diagnosis of Placenta Previa
Authors: Ding Jingcheng , Wang Guiqing , Ling Yingying 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjective To analyze the diagnostic value of MRI in placenta previa. Methods 100 pregnant women with placenta previa admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to January 2020 were selected as the research objects. They were randomly divided into groups by digital table. Group A (50 cases) carried out magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination, and Group B (50 cases) carried out Doppler ultrasound examination. The detection of disease types and diagnostic accuracy were compared, and the imaging manifestations of MRI in the diagnosis of placenta accreta and non placenta accreta were analyzed. Results The detection rate of central type, marginal type and partial type in group A was higher than that in group B (P < 0.05). With surgery and pathology as the gold standard, the diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity of group A were higher than that of group B, and the rate of missed diagnosis was lower than that of group B (P < 0.05). Among the 50 pregnant women in Group A, 9 had placenta implantation and 41 had no placenta implantation. There were differences in the imaging manifestations of the pregnant women, such as the uneven signal in the placenta, the increased/thickened blood vessels in the placenta, and the unclear boundary between the placenta and the uterus (P < 0.05). Conclusion MRI examination is an important way for clinical diagnosis of placenta previa, and it is worth popularizing.
The prohibition of forced or compulsory labour and conditional welfare under the United Kingdom's Universal Credit Scheme
Authors: Almutawa Ahmed , Almajed Bashayer 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo address the issue of persistent unemployment, the UK Government implemented a conditional welfare scheme. Prompted by Mantouvalou's argument that the scheme forces people into exploitative work, this paper addresses the ‘pressing’ question of whether the scheme is compatible with the prohibition on ‘forced or compulsory labour’ under Article 4(2) of the European Convention on Human Rights. It is argued that, whether the scheme imposes the menace of a penalty, is involuntary, seriously exploitative or a normal civic obligation, ultimately depends on different understandings of the demands of distributive justice. Given the politically contested nature of those demands, Article 4(2) is a poor weapon to use when challenging the UK's conditional welfare scheme.