bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced Sign Language Recognition Using Deep Learning: A Study on Arabic Sign Language (ArSL) with VGGNet and ResNet50 Models
Authors: HERBAZ Nourdine , IDRISSI Hassan EL , BADRI Abdelmajid 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Sign language is a vital communication tool for individuals with hearing impairments and those who do not speak the language of the host country. Despite its importance, sign language is not widely known and lacks universal patterns, with each country having its own unique set of signs influenced by local customs and traditions. This complexity presents significant challenges for computer vision-based recognition systems.

Currently, extensive research is being conducted to address the issues of sign language translation using advanced technologies. This paper introduces two novel datasets comprising 54,049 images of the ArSL-2018 (Arabic Sign Language) alphabet captured by over 40 contributors, alongside 15,200 images from proprietary datasets and digits sign language datasets. The images are meticulously categorized into 32 classes representing standard Arabic characters and processed through classification, normalization, and detection procedures using VGGNet model and ResNet50, designed to enhance the accurate recognition of hand gestures in real-time, even under complex background conditions. By leveraging deep learning and artificial intelligence, this system aims to bridge the communication gap between deaf and hearing individuals. The investigation delves into the comparison of the outcomes derived from two distinct training and testing regimes, one without fine-tuning and the other incorporating fine-tuning enhancements.

The remarkable levels of precision attained in contrast to prior research affirm the efficacy of this methodology. Particularly, the dataset encompassing ArSL alphabets exhibited accuracy rates of 99.05\%, 99.99\%, and 98.50\% when employing VGG16, VGG19, and ResNet50 Models, respectively, thus underscoring the efficiency of the proposed approach for hand gesture recognition tasks.
Changes in the global burden of polycystic ovary syndrome from 1990 to 2021
Authors: Lin Tong , Xie Bingqin , Yang Juan , Xu Jinbang , Chen Fa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a chronic, multifaceted condition influenced by epigenetic and environmental factors that is responsible for a significant proportion of anovulatory infertility cases. Here, we analyzed the global, regional, and national burdens of PCOS from 1990 to 2021 using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 (GBD 2021).
METHODS
Incidence, prevalence, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years(DALYs) data relevant to PCOS from 204 countries and 21 territories from 1990 to 2021 were obtained from the GBD 2021 study. Here, we considered age-standardized rates (per 100,000 individuals) with 95% uncertainty intervals (95% UIs) obtained from the aforementioned research and presented trends based on age and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) parameters.
RESULTS
Global age-standardized incidence and prevalence of PCOS in 2021 were reported at 30.7 and 867.7 per 100,000, respectively, revealing increases of 26.77% and 28.21%, respectively, since 1990. Additionally, age-standardized disability-adjusted life years stood at 7.6 per 100,000 globally in 2021, marking a 27.58% increase from 1990. Age-standardized prevalence of PCOS varied across countries, ranging from 93.1 to 3978.9 cases per 100,000 women, with Italy (3978.9), Japan (3104.7), and New Zealand (2789.7) having the highest rates. Notably, PCOS prevalence was noted to peak globally among females 15–19 years of age. Regions with a high SDI exhibited the highest age-standardized incidence (70.2), prevalence (1720.7), and death (15.2) rates of PCOS. Furthermore, a nonlinear correlation between PCOS burden and SDI was noted, with prevalence rates peaking around an SDI of approximately 0.9.
CONCLUSION
Our findings highlight the growing global impact of PCOS and underscore the need for concerted efforts to attenuate the increasing global prevalence of this condition. Significantly divergent PCOS disease burdens were observed across different age groups and SDI regions, with high SDI regions bearing heavier burdens. The increased disease burden among younger age groups and regional disparities underscore urgency for targeted intervention and formulation of policies to effectively address this public health issue.
Vibration Suppression of Vehicle Dual rotor Flywheel Battery Based on Nonlinear Energy Sink
Authors: Zhu Youfeng , Xu Quancai , Zhao Peizhuang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

A 14 degree of freedom mechanical model of the dual rotor flywheel battery under the influence of tilt angle was established based on the overall method and isolation method, and its differential equations were derived. The fourth-order Runge Kutta method in Matlab was used to solve and analyze the vibration characteristics of the flywheel rotor.The relationship curve between the maximum radial amplitude of the rotor and the vehicle wheelbase, flywheel inclination angle, road excitation amplitude, and frequency was obtained. By numerical analysis methods, the optimal solution for symmetrically installing a nonlinear energy sink(NES) at a distance from the vehicle's center of mass was determined.The influence of various parameters of NES on the vehicle's flywheel system was analyzed, and three optimization objective functions were established to optimize linear damping. The experiment showed that the optimized design scheme of nonlinear energy sink had good vibration reduction effect. The research results contributed to understanding the vibration characteristics of dual rotor flywheel battery systems and provided theoretical guidance for improving their operational stability.
An Effective RF-Based Solution for Drone Detection and Recognition Amid Noise, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi Interference
Authors: Nguyen Trong Thanh , Nguyen Le Cuong , Nguyen Thi-Thanh-Tan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Recent advancements in drone technology have raised significant security concerns, making the classification of drone types for early warning systems increasingly vital. This paper presents an effective solution that combines frequency domain signal transformations with deep learning models to improve drone detection accuracy. Our approach consists of four main stages: i) RF Signal Acquisition; ii) Energy Detection and Wavelet Transformation; iii) Relevant Signal Identification and Noise Elimination; iv) Area Enhancement and Drone ClassificationWe evaluated our model using real-world and publicly available datasets. Results indicate that our method demonstrates strong noise tolerance and optimal performance across both testing sets.
Multi-ancestry analysis of plasma protein levels influencing and responding to major depression liability
Authors: Linda Lillian , Mutema Anthony B. , Babirye Sandra R. , Nabbumba Catherine , Chong Amanda H.W. , Gaunt Tom R. , Meng Xiangrui , Kuchenbaecker Karoline , Jjingo Daudi , Kinyanda Eugene , Fatumo Segun , Kalungi Allan , Hemani Gibran 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The development of novel-acting antidepressant medications with fewer side effects and sustained efficacy requires an in-depth understanding of the aetiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) across diverse populations. Here we used a Mendelian randomization (MR) framework to identify protein levels that influence MDD risk, and that respond to MDD liability in the general population. We use summary-level data from four major ancestral groups to evaluate the consistency of genetic associations and MR estimates across populations. We identified 17 proteins that are putatively causal for MDD, with evidence of differential effects across ancestries for five proteins, which we replicate in independent individual level data. We also identified widespread protein level changes in response to disease liability in the general population. We showed that such associations can appear ancestry-specific until differential power is accounted for, after which the vast majority of associations appear consistent across ancestral groups. The protein response to disease liability can be used to generate a proteomic risk score that is strongly predictive of prospective MDD incidence. Our results indicate that multi-ancestry Mendelian randomization improves power for ancestral groups with smaller sample sizes and will inform our understanding of disease aetiology if differential marginal effects across populations arising due to gene-environment interactions can be studied.
Does the Digital Therapeutic Alliance Exist? Integrative Review
Authors: Malouin-Lachance Amylie , Capolupo Julien , Laplante Chloé , Hudon Alexandre 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Mental health disorders significantly impact global populations, prompting the rise of digital mental health interventions, such as artificial intelligence (AI)-powered chatbots, to address gaps in access to care. This review explores the potential for a “digital therapeutic alliance (DTA),” emphasizing empathy, engagement, and alignment with traditional therapeutic principles to enhance user outcomes.

Objective
The primary objective of this review was to identify key concepts underlying the DTA in AI-driven psychotherapeutic interventions for mental health. The secondary objective was to propose an initial definition of the DTA based on these identified concepts.

Methods
The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) for scoping reviews and Tavares de Souza’s integrative review methodology were followed, encompassing systematic literature searches in Medline, Web of Science, PsycNet, and Google Scholar. Data from eligible studies were extracted and analyzed using Horvath et al’s conceptual framework on a therapeutic alliance, focusing on goal alignment, task agreement, and the therapeutic bond, with quality assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool.

Results
A total of 28 studies were identified from an initial pool of 1294 articles after excluding duplicates and ineligible studies. These studies informed the development of a conceptual framework for a DTA, encompassing key elements such as goal alignment, task agreement, therapeutic bond, user engagement, and the facilitators and barriers affecting therapeutic outcomes. The interventions primarily focused on AI-powered chatbots, digital psychotherapy, and other digital tools.

Conclusions
The findings of this integrative review provide a foundational framework for the concept of a DTA and report its potential to replicate key therapeutic mechanisms such as empathy, trust, and collaboration in AI-driven psychotherapeutic tools. While the DTA shows promise in enhancing accessibility and engagement in mental health care, further research and innovation are needed to address challenges such as personalization, ethical concerns, and long-term impact.
Gâteaux semiderivative approach applied to shape optimization of obstacle problems
Authors: Goldammer Nico , Schulz Volker H. , Welker Kathrin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Shape optimization problems constrained by variational inequalities (VI) are non-smooth and non-convex optimization problems. The non-smoothness arises due to the variational inequality constraint, which makes it challenging to derive optimality conditions. Besides the non-smoothness there are complementary aspects due to the VIs, as well as distributed, non-linear, non-convex and infinite-dimensional aspects, due to the shapes, which complicate setting up an optimality system and, thus, developing efficient solution algorithms. In this paper, we consider Gâteaux semiderivatives for the purpose of formulating optimality conditions. In the application, we concentrate on a shape optimization problem constrained by the obstacle problem.
Caratheodory theory for the Bernoulli problem
Authors: Plotnikov Pavel I. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The variational formulation of the interior Bernoulli free boundary problem is considered. The problem is formulated as follows. Choose an arbitrary bounded simply connected domain G ⊂ ℝ2 and smooth positive functions g : ∂G → ℝ, Q : G → ℝ. Denote by 𝒞 the totality of all connected compact sets ω ⊂ ., such that the flow domain Ω = G \ ω is double-connected. The notation 𝒞 + ⊂𝒞 stands for the totality of the set ω ∈𝒞 of positive measure. The cost function 𝒥 (ω) is defined by the equalities

𝒥

(
ω
)

=

∫
Ω

(

|

∇
u

|

2

+

Q

2

)

d
x
,

Δ
u
=
0

in

Ω
,

u
=
g

on

∂
G
,

u
=
0

on

∂
ω
.

\matrix{{\mathcal{J}\left( \omega \right) = \int_\Omega {\left( {{{\left| {\nabla u} \right|}^2} + {Q^2}} \right)dx,} } \hfill \cr {\Delta u = 0\,\,{\rm{in}}\,\,\Omega ,\,\,u = g\,\,{\rm{on}}\,\,\partial G,\,\,u = 0\,\,{\rm{on}}\,\,\,\partial \omega .} \hfill \cr }

We prove that, under the natural nondegeneracy assumption, the variational problem min

min

ω
∈

𝒞

+

𝒥

(
ω
)

\mathop {\min }\limits_{\omega \in {\mathcal{C}^ + }} \,\,\mathcal{J}\left( \omega \right)

has a solution ω ∈ 𝒞 +. The approach is based on the methods of complex variables theory and the potential theory. The key observation is that every subset of 𝒞, separated from ∂G is sequentially compact with respect to the Caratheodory-Hausdor convergence.
The Kosovo self-defense act of 1999: Policy proposal and strategic context
Authors: Hadri Arbër 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Kosovo Self-Defense Act introduced in 1999 by Representative Eliot Engel and Senators Mitch McConnell and Joseph Lieberman, sought to provide critical military support to the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) and the civilian population of Kosovo amid the ongoing conflict with Serbia. This legislative initiative proposed a $25 million security assistance program aimed at enhancing Kosovo’s self-defense capabilities, enabling the local population to protect themselves from Serbian aggression.
The central argument of the bill was that the U.S. should equip Kosovo to defend its civilians, reflecting a growing belief in Congress that Kosovo’s independence was inevitable and needed international support. The bill also suggested military training and assistance as a means to reduce U.S. military involvement in the region, offering an “exit strategy” by empowering local defense efforts. This paper analyzes the bill’s significance using qualitative methods, examining legislative texts, policy documents, and historical records to assess its impact on U.S. foreign policy.
It employs a qualitative analysis of legislative texts, policy documents, and historical records to assess the bill’s significance in the context of the Kosovo conflict.
The analysis reveals that, despite its failure to pass, the bill marked a pivotal moment in U.S. policy toward Kosovo. It reflected a shift from direct intervention to empowering local forces, underscoring Kosovo’s independence as both a political and security necessity. Ultimately, the bill helped shape U.S. actions that would contribute to Kosovo’s eventual independence and regional stabilization.
Transformative and Indigenous Frameworks in International Development
Authors: Mertens Donna M , Chilisa Bagele 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The international development community made a commitment to transformative goals related to social, economic, and environmental justice that requires them to leave no one behind. We argue that the use of transformative and indigenous frameworks for evaluation provide guidance towards achieving those goals. We provide a rationale for inclusion of these frameworks, along with an explanation of each framework and examples that illustrate their application. We conclude with hope for transformation on a global scale and reflections on our personal transformative experiences in conducting this work.
How data validity and granularity affect jobs accessibility: A case study from the Czech Republic
Authors: Franke Daniel , Peltan Tomáš , Novotný Vojtìch 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Potential accessibility is a commonly used tool for estimating the impact of changes in land-use and transport infrastructure. The accessibility is derived from a spatial interaction model and two components are crucial for its calculation: land-use and transport. While data relating to the transport component are often well available with a good validity, data representing the land-use component are more challenging. Using a selected case study area from the Czech Republic, the aim of this paper is to explore the sensitivity of the job-related accessibility calculation to different data on the land-use component, in order to explore and possibly overcome these problems with validity. Two different datasets were compared: valid jobs data based on available population and commuting data from the Census of the Czech Statistical Office with very coarse aggregation, and land-use data from the Urban Atlas with low validity of what is measured but very fine spatial aggregation. The analysis of the maps reveals clear spatial patterns and suggests some limitations when using alternative data. The comparisons based on the Urban Atlas data at distinct levels of aggregation reveal problems in some areas of the hinterland of Prague and support the need for more detailed data in these areas and specific types of analysis that may be sensitive to this type of error.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMASARAN BWORK BALI UNTUK MENARIK WISATAWAN DIGITAL NOMAD
Authors: Rivi Hatifa Rheaya , Sudana I Putu , Kristianto Yohanes 
Published: January 2025

Rapid development in technology sparked the emergence of digital nomadism. There are certain facilities to support digital nomads' lifestyle of remote working while traveling, one of which is coworking space. BWork Bali Coworking Space (BWork) is a coworking space located in Canggu, Bali where the area is considered as one of the leading areas for digital nomads around the world. BWork intended to maintain its relationship with digital nomads due to the inconstant trends of digital nomads as its users, as well as to expand its market reach. Therefore, the barriers to marketing activity and marketing communication implementations were analyzed. This research was conducted using qualitative methods and data collection through interviews, documentation, and observation. The study implied that BWork had difficulty reaching digital nomads originating from Asian countries due to language barriers and cultural differences. Also, different views on coworking style among digital nomads could affect their continuity as users and the quality of the internet connection could determine sales, which unstable connection leads to lower sales. The results of the study had shown that BWork prioritized various digital platforms, especially Instagram, to communicate with its members, although not all platforms were managed thoroughly. However, BWork could manage good relationships with digital nomads through events categorized based on digital nomads' needs. Meanwhile, efforts to reach Asian digital nomads have yet to show a significant impact. It is suggested for coworking spaces that target digital nomads as their users should be able to optimize various digital platforms to reach a wider range of digital nomads who are new to the nomadism lifestyle, have better crowd management and noise control, also form a relationship with digital nomad communities from various countries and actively promote cultures.
नेपालदेशीयपञ्चाङ्गपत्रे मुहूर्तमार्तण्डस्य संस्कारप्रकरणोक्तानां संस्काराणां मुहूर्ताध्ययनम्
Authors: ढकालः Dhakal अम्बरराज Amber Raj 
Published: January 2025

सनातनसंस्कारप्रिये नेपालदेशीये हिन्दूसमाजे जनानां प्राग्जन्मसंस्काराः शिशुसंस्काराः बाल्यसंस्काराश्च प्रयोजनहीनसदृशाः विलुप्तप्रायाः दृश्यन्ते । गर्भाधानादि अन्नप्राशनपर्यन्तानां संस्काराणां शास्त्रीयविधिनिषेधसहितः व्यावहारिकप्रयोगोपागमः सम्प्रति लोपोन्मुखो दृश्यते । प्राग्जन्मसंस्कारेषु प्रथमरजोदर्शनं गर्भाधानं पुंसवनं सीमन्तोन्नयनमेते संस्काराः तेषां शुभमुहूर्ताश्च जनानां जीवनव्यवहाराद् विलुप्तप्रायाः सञ्जाताः । शिशुसंस्कारेषु जातकर्म-नामकरण-पालकारोहण-भूम्युपवेशन-दुग्धपान- निष्क्रमणञ्चेति संस्काराश्च सम्प्रति विस्मृतप्रायाः विद्यन्ते । बाल्यसंस्कारेषु कर्णवेध अन्नप्राशनं चूडाकरणमुपनयनञ्चेति संस्काराः तेषां शुभमुहूर्ताश्चाद्यतनेऽस्मिन् युगे शास्त्रीयाचारहीनोन्मुखा दृश्यन्ते । नेपालदेशीयेषु पञ्चाङ्गपत्रेषु चैतेषां संस्काराणां शुभमुहूर्तनिर्देशनं प्रायो नैवोपलभ्यते । पञ्चाङ्गपत्रेषु मुहूर्तमार्तण्डस्य संस्कारप्रकरणोक्तानां संस्कारणां मुहूर्तस्य प्रयोज्यमानस्थितिरत्राकलनं कृतं विद्यते । तेन एतेषां मुहूर्तानां शास्त्रीयप्रमाणाधाररूपाणां मुहूर्तमार्तण्डस्य संस्कारप्रकरणोक्तानां शुभमुहूर्तानामत्र समीक्षणं कृतमस्ति । नेपालदेशीयपञ्चाङ्गपत्रेषु गर्भाधानादि निष्क्रमणान्तानां सप्तसङ्ख्यकानां संस्काराणां शुभमुहूर्तो प्रकाशितो नैव दृश्यते । पञ्चाङ्गेषु अप्रकाशितेन तेषां संकाराणां प्रयोगपरम्परा सनातनसंस्कृतिप्रिये नेपालदेशीये हिन्दूसमाजे प्रायः विलुप्ता जाता । अतः तेषां प्रयोगपरम्परा पुनर्स्थापनाय पञ्चाङ्गकाराः स्वकीये पञ्चाङ्गपत्रे तन्मुहूर्तनिर्देशनपुरस्सरं प्रकाशनं कुर्युरिति निष्कर्ष अस्मिन् शोधनिबन्धे उद्घाटितो विद्यते । गुणात्मिकायामनुसन्धानपद्धत्यमाधारितेऽस्मिन् शोधनिबन्धे पुस्तकालयकार्यद्वारा सङ्कलितानां प्राथमिकद्वितीयकस्रोतसामग्रीणामुपयोगं विहितमस्ति । मुहूर्तशास्त्रस्य सैद्धान्तिकपक्षं यथास्थानमुपयुज्य सङ्कलिततथ्यानां विश्लेषणविधिना समान्यीकरणसत्यापनपूर्वकं निष्कर्षमुद्घाटितं विद्यते ।
संस्कृतकाव्यशास्त्रे रससिद्धान्तसमीक्षणम्
Authors: तिमिल्सिना Timilsina महानन्द Mahananda 
Published: January 2025

संस्कृतकाव्यशास्त्रपरम्परायां रससिद्धान्तः सकलानामपि काव्यसिद्धान्तानां शिरोमणिरूपेण विराजितो वर्तते । रससिद्धान्तस्य चिन्तनपरम्परा अतीव प्राचीनतमा संलक्ष्यते । रससिद्धान्तः गुणालङ्काररीतिवक्रोचित्य– सिद्धान्तेषु लोकप्रियो व्यापकश्च विद्यते । गुणालङ्कारादयोऽन्ये सिद्धान्ता रससिद्धान्तस्यैव परिपोषकाः प्रतीयन्ते । काव्यशास्त्रपरम्परायां रससिद्धान्तस्तु काव्यसिद्धान्तस्य पर्यायरूपेणैव विराजितो वर्तत । रससिद्धान्तस्य प्रवर्तकः प्रथमशताब्द्यां जातो भरतमुनिरेव । भरतेन स्वकीये नाट्यशास्त्रे ‘विभावानुभावव्यभिचारिसंयोगाद्रसनिष्पत्तिः’ इति सूत्रं प्रतिपादितम् । एतद् रससूत्रं पश्चाद्वर्तिभिर्भट्टलोल्लट- प्रभृतिभिर्विद्वद्भिव्र्याख्यातम् । रसशब्दस्य प्रयोगस्तु वैदिककालादेव जातो दृश्यते । रसशब्दः शृङ्गारविषवीर्यादिविविधेष्वर्थेषु प्रयुक्तोऽस्ति । संस्कृतकाव्यशास्त्रे तु शृङ्गारादौ रसशब्दः प्रसिद्धः । रस्यते आस्वाद्यते इति रसः, रसनं रसः आस्वाद इति व्युत्पत्तिद्वयं साहित्यिके रसशब्दे प्रचलितं सान्दर्भिकञ्च । भरतमुनिपश्चाद्वर्तिभिराचार्यैरानन्दवर्धन-भट्टलोल्लट-शङ्कुक-भट्टनायकाभिनवगुप्त-मम्मट-विश्वनाथ- जगन्नाथादिभिराचार्यै रसस्य विस्तरेण विवेचनं कृतम् । तदनन्तरं रुद्रटादय आचार्या अपि रसस्य महत्तां प्रतिष्ठापयन्तः काव्ये रसस्यावश्यकतामुद्घोषयन्ति । ध्वनिवादी आनन्दवर्धनाचार्योऽपि रसं व्यङ्ग्यं स्वीकृत्य वस्त्वलङ्काररसध्वनीनां चर्चां विधाय काव्ये रसध्वनेरुत्कृष्टतां प्रतिपादयति । आचार्य विश्वनाथः रसात्मकं वाक्यं काव्यं कथयन् रसं काव्यस्यात्मरूपेण विवेचयति । पण्डितराजो जगन्नाथोऽपि स्वकीये रसगङ्गाधरग्रन्थे दार्शनिकदृष्ट्या रसस्य सूक्ष्मरूपेण विवेचनं विदधाति । अस्मिन् लेखे पौरस्त्यकाव्यशस्त्रिभिः प्रतिपादितस्य रसतत्त्वस्य विवेचनं विहितमस्ति । लेखोऽयं गुणात्मिकायामनुसन्धानपद्धत्यामाधारितो विद्यते । अस्मिननुसन्धाने द्वितीयकस्रोतयुतानां सामग्रीणां संयोजनं वर्तते ।