bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of ammonium and phosphates from aqueous solutions by biochar produced from agricultural waste
Authors: Pantoja F. , Sukmana H. , Beszédes S. , László Z. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe concern about protecting water quantity and quality is one of the most severe challenges of the twenty-first century since the demand for water resources grows as the population and its needs grow. Additionally, and as expected, most human activities produce wastewater containing undesirable contaminants. On the other hand, the generation of agricultural waste and its inappropriate disposal causes further problems. Current wastewater treatment methods involve a combination of physical and chemical processes, technologies, and operations to remove pollutants from effluents; adsorption is an excellent example of an effective method for wastewater treatment, and biochar is currently one of the most valuable adsorbents. This review focuses on new research about applying biochar produced from agricultural waste as a low-cost and environmentally friendly method for removing ammonium and phosphates from aqueous solutions.
Potential carbon leakage risk: a cross-sector cross-country assessment in the OECD area
Authors: Fournier Gabela J. G. , Freund F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAchieving climate targets requires more stringent mitigation policies, including the participation of all economic sectors. However, in a fragmented global climate regime, unilateral mitigation policies affecting sectors’ production costs increase carbon leakage risk. Carbon leakage implies reducing the competitiveness of domestic sectors without achieving the full mitigation objectives. Under such circumstances, generating information about sectors’ vulnerability is essential to increase their acceptance of more stringent climate policies and design anti-leakage mechanisms. Our paper calculates and compares potential carbon leakage risk across sectors and OECD countries under varying climate policy scenarios covering GHG emissions along global supply chains. To measure this risk, we use the emission-intensity and trade-exposure metric and emission data including CO2and non-CO2gasses. Our results show that agri-food and transport sectors, usually lagging behind in countries’ national climate mitigation policies, could have an even higher carbon leakage risk than energy-intensive industries. Furthermore, we find that this risk can be higher in many downstream sectors compared to directly regulated sectors and is highly heterogenous across OECD countries.
An artificial vocabulary learning assistant
Authors: Polyzi Panagiota , Moussiades Lefteris 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article presents an online application developed to improve vocabulary learning through games, quizzes and interaction with a chatbot. The application was tested experimentally on a sample of twenty proficiency-level students divided into two groups and tested on English vocabulary learning in two stages. In the first stage, the first group of students was the control group, who studied a vocabulary section from the book. The second group was the experimental group, which studied using the proposed application. In the second stage, the two groups were reversed and asked to learn the vocabulary of the second unit. According to experiment results, using the particular application improved students' performance, as, in both tests, students of the experimental group outperformed those of the control group. In addition, the analysis of a questionnaire answered by all students confirmed that most prefer this application over traditional learning methods as they consider it quite enjoyable and easy while agreeing that it helped them learn vocabulary. The application is available on the website: http://users.sch.gr/polizipan.
Virtual reality for biochemistry education: the cellular factory
Authors: Barrow John , Hurst William , Edman Joakim , Ariesen Natasja , Krampe Caspar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVirtual Reality (VR) involves the coupling of visual communication hardware and software. The technology is capable of offering transformative educational practice and is increasingly being adopted within the biochemistry domain to better understand complex biochemical processes. This article documents a pilot study for the efficacy of VR in biochemistry education at undergraduate university level, focusing on the citric acid cycle: a central process for extracting energy in most cellular life forms. 10 participants were equipped with a VR headset and electrodermal activity (EDA) sensors, then immersed within a digital environment where they were able to learn the 8 main steps of the citric acid cycle within a virtual lab by completing 8 levels of activity. Post and pre surveys were taken, along with EDA readings throughout the students’ interaction with VR. Research findings support the hypothesis that VR increase students’ understanding, particularly if students feel engaged, stimulated and intend to use the technology. Moreover, EDA analysis indicated that the majority of participants demonstrate enhanced engagement in the education-based VR-experience as measured by elevated levels of skin conductance, a marker for autonomic arousal and a measure of engagement in an activity.
Implementing educational technology in Higher Education Institutions: A review of technologies, stakeholder perceptions, frameworks and metrics
Authors: Chugh Ritesh , Turnbull Darren , Cowling Michael A. , Vanderburg Robert , Vanderburg Michelle A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn a world driven by constant change and innovation, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are undergoing a rapid transformation, often driven by external factors such as emerging technologies. One of the key drivers affecting the design and development of educational delivery mechanisms in HEIs is the fast pace of educational technology development which not only impacts an institution’s technical capacity to infuse hardware and software solutions into existing learning infrastructure but also has implications for pedagogical practice, stakeholder acceptance of new technology, and HEI administrative structures. However, little is known about the implementation of contemporary educational technology in HEI environments, particularly as they relate to competing stakeholder perceptions of technology effectiveness in course delivery and knowledge acquisition. This review fills that gap by exploring the evidence and analyses of 46 empirical research studies focussing on technology implementation issues in a diverse range of institutional contexts, subject areas, technologies, and stakeholder profiles. This study found that the dynamic interplay of educational technology characteristics, stakeholder perceptions on the effectiveness of technology integration decisions, theoretical frameworks and models relevant to technology integration in pedagogical practices, and metrics to gauge post-implementation success are critical dimensions to creating viable pathways to effective educational technology implementation. To that end, this study proposes a framework to guide the development of sound implementation strategies that incorporates five dimensions: technology, stakeholder perceptions, academic discipline, success metrics, and theoretical frameworks. This study will benefit HEI decision-makers responsible for re-engineering complex course delivery systems to accommodate the infusion of new technologies and pedagogies in ways that will maximise their utility to students and faculty.
Genotypic and phenotypic uniformity among the population of Pectobacterium atrosepticum strains isolated during three growing seasons from potato fields in Poland
Authors: Sledz Wojciech , Motyka-Pomagruk Agata , Zukowska Dominika , Babinska-Wensierska Weronika , Zoledowska Sabina , Lojkowska Ewa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPectobacterium atrosepticum (Pba)
are phytopathogenic, pectinolytic, non-sporulating, gram-negative rods causing blackleg and soft rot diseases in potato. They are ubiquitously present under temperate climate conditions and contribute to significant economic losses. Currently, there are no efficient control methods against soft rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRP). As limitation of the spread of SRP is solely prevention-based, we undertook broad characterization on both genotypic and phenotypic levels of the P. atrosepticum isolates acquired during monitoring of potato fields in Poland in 2013, 2014 and 2016. Of REP, ERIC and BOX-based genomic fingerprinting, the BOX-based approach turned out to be the most informative and allowed for classification of 118 Pba strains into six groups. The present study indicated that IV and I BOX profiles dominated among the investigated population. Finally, 23 Pba strains representing all BOX groups and originating from various growing seasons were selected for genotypic, phylogenetic and phenotypic studies. rpoS-based phylogeny revealed intraspecies variation (16 SNP sites) among the studied Pba strains, in contrast to the analyses relying on gyrA (1 SNP) and recA (0 SNP) sequences. Pba strains showed higher potency to macerate potato tissue at 20 °C than 28 °C. These isolates exhibited rather uniform production of plant cell wall degrading enzymes (pectinases, cellulases and proteases), lipases, siderophores and biofilm, however in the majority of cases inferior in comparison to Dickeya solani and Pectobacterium carotovorum strains. In conclusion, this study revealed genotypic and phenotypic uniformity in addition to high virulence potential of Pba strains isolated from potato fields during several growing seasons in Poland.
Automated test generation for Scratch programs
Authors: Deiner Adina , Feldmeier Patric , Fraser Gordon , Schweikl Sebastian , Wang Wengran 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe importance of programming education has led to dedicated educational programming environments, where users visually arrange block-based programming constructs that typically control graphical, interactive game-like programs. TheScratchprogramming environment is particularly popular, with more than 90 million registered users at the time of this writing. While the block-based nature ofScratchhelps learners by preventing syntactical mistakes, there nevertheless remains a need to provide feedback and support in order to implement desired functionality. To support individual learning and classroom settings, this feedback and support should ideally be provided in an automated fashion, which requires tests to enable dynamic program analysis. In prior work we introducedWhisker, a framework that enables automated testing ofScratchprograms. However, creating these automated tests forScratchprograms is challenging. In this paper, we therefore investigate how to automatically generateWhiskertests. Generating tests forScratchraises important challenges: First, game-like programs are typically randomised, leading to flaky tests. Second,Scratchprograms usually consist of animations and interactions with long delays, inhibiting the application of classical test generation approaches. Thus, the new application domain raises the question of which test generation technique is best suited to produce high coverage tests capable of detecting faulty behaviour. We investigate these questions using an extension of theWhiskertest framework for automated test generation. Evaluation on common programming exercises, a random sample of 1000Scratchuser programs, and the 1000 most popularScratchprograms demonstrates that our approach enablesWhiskerto reliably accelerate test executions, and even though manyScratchprograms are small and easy to cover, there are many unique challenges for which advanced search-based test generation using many-objective algorithms is needed in order to achieve high coverage.
Towards Millimeter-Level Accuracy in GNSS-Based Space Geodesy: A Review of Error Budget for GNSS Precise Point Positioning
Authors: Li Xianjie , Barriot Jean-Pierre , Lou Yidong , Zhang Weixing , Li Pengbo , Shi Chuang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim of the new generation of Global Geodetic Observing System is a millimeter-level accuracy in positioning, with a crucial role to be played by Global Navigation Satellites Systems (GNSS) in the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) mode. This is of course because GNSS constellations and receivers provide an efficient stand-alone technique with a homogeneous performance over large areas (positions, navigation and meteorology) when used in conjunction with the PPP mode, with also an ever-increasing data flow and different satellite line-of-sights. The requirement of accuracies reaching the millimeter or sub-millimeter implies a knowledge at this level of each line in the GNSS-PPP error budget, including, but not restricted to: clock biases, troposphere and ionosphere delays, multipath and ground deformations. In this review study, we consider this millimeter-/submillimeter level GNSS-PPP error budget, and possible mitigations and improvements in the frame of the existing global constellations: GPS, Galileo, GLONASS and BDS, in view of augmented constellations and/or Low Earth Orbit constellations, which will be available in the near future. We also pay a special attention to systematic biases that can/could exist between constellations.
Estimating the Competence of Preservice Primary Teachers to Use Inquiry and Their Willingness to Apply It in the Classroom
Authors: Delgado-Iglesias Jaime , Reinoso-Tapia Roberto , Bobo-Pinilla Javier 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInquiry as a strategy for science teaching has become widespread in the classroom and has various applications. But whether teachers are sufficiently trained to carry it out in pre-university classrooms would need to be determined. The objective of this study is to determine the inquiry knowledge of preservice primary teachers and their ability to use it before and after experiencing it for themselves on their degree programmes. The study was carried out over three academic years (2018–2021) with students from the Experimental Sciences course on a Bachelor’s Degree in Primary Education at a teacher training centre in Spain. A total of 579 students participated and the study was divided into two phases. In the first phase, students answered a questionnaire about a hypothetical situation in which they had to apply inquiry, and in the second phase, they worked in groups on problematic situations in which they had to solve them or propose solutions through inquiry. The results indicate that students have a general ability to follow inquiry procedures, which improves after instruction, although they still need training in didactic content on inquiry methodology. Students were also asked about their willingness to apply inquiry in their future work, as well as the difficulties they consider they will encounter. A number of recommendations are made to address the shortcomings and to overcome the difficulties expressed by students in applying inquiry in their future teaching work.
Patient report outcomes in cryoballoon ablation of atrial fibrillation during the COVID Era: Insights from the 1STOP project
Authors: Molon Giulio , Arena Giuseppe , Tondo Claudio , Ricciardi Danilo , Rossi Pietro , Pieragnoli Paolo , Verlato Roberto , Manfrin Massimiliano , Girardengo Giulia , Campisi Giuseppe , Pecora Domenico , Luzi Mario , Iacopino Saverio 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary vein isolation by cryoablation (PVI-C) is a standard therapy for the treatment of patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF). AF symptoms are highly subjective; however, they are important outcomes for the patient. The aim is to describe the use and impact of a web-based App to collect AF-related symptoms in a population of patients who underwent PVI-C in seven Italian centers.

Methods
A patient App to collect AF-related symptoms and general health status was proposed to all patients who underwent an index PVI-C. Patients were divided into two groups according to the utilization of the App or the non-usage.

Results
Out of 865 patients, 353 (41%) subjects composed the App group, and 512 (59%) composed the No-App group. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two cohorts except for age, sex, type of AF, and body mass index. During a mean follow-up of 7.9±13.8 months, AF recurrence was found in 57/865 (7%) subjects with an annual rate of 7.36% (95% CI:5.67-9.55%) in the No-App versus 10.99% (95% CI:9.67-12.48%) in the App group, p=0.007. In total, 14,458 diaries were sent by the 353 subjects in the App group and 77.1% reported a good health status and no symptoms. In only 518 diaries (3.6%), the patients reported a bad health status, and bad health status was an independent parameter of AF recurrence during follow-up.

Conclusions
The use of a web App to record AF-related symptoms was feasible and effective. Additionally, a bad health status reporting in the App was associated with AF recurrence during follow-up.
Hidden Hoards, Past Pains: Treasures, Ancestors, and Ghosts in Beowulf and in the Nibelungenlied
Authors: Correia Eduardo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe respective heroes ofBeowulfand theNibelungenlied, Beowulf and Siegfried, display contrasting attitudes towards the treasures ubiquitous in the two poems. A comparative analysis of these behaviours has not been attempted yet. Using a Maussian model of gift exchange, this article argues that their distinctive behaviours are closely linked with the dissimilar outcomes of each narrative. Furthermore, there is a successful resolution of the story inBeowulf, whose hero is transformed into an ancestor through the exchange of gifts, whereas Siegfried becomes a ghost, something unfinished that haunts the second part of the narrative in theNibelungenlied. Contributing to current debates in material culture studies, the article shows that, just like there is fluidity between hoards, gifts, and loot, so are the boundaries between human and nonhuman and between the living and the dead fluid in both poems.
Measuring non-linearity of multi-session writing processes
Authors: Buschenhenke Floor , Conijn Rianne , Van Waes Luuk 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhen (professional) authors work on their texts, they frequently 'jump' around their document to make textual changes and create new content at a wide range of locations. Currently, a range of linearity measures are available to capture this, some of which requiring time-intensive manual coding. Linearity metrics are commonly calculated based on the leading edge and are mostly used for short texts and single writing sessions. However, especially for longer, multi-session writing processes, text can often be created at various spaces, not necessarily including the leading edge. Accordingly, the leading edge is not enough to distinguish between linear production and non-linear text alterations. Therefore, in the current study, we propose a novel, more flexible, automatized non-linearity analysis, which does not solely rely on the leading edge. In this approach, all backwards and forwards cursor and mouse operations from the point of utterance are extracted from keystroke data, and characterized both based on duration and distance. This results in a detailed list of characteristics per writing episode, allowing us to compare and group episodes of writing at various scales. We illustrate this approach by analysing the writing process of a complete novel based on close to 400 writing sessions totalling 276 h of writing. The results show that the current non-linearity analysis allows us to successfully cluster writing sessions using the non-linearity characteristics. This analysis can be used to find patterns in non-linearity over time, allowing us to chart interactions with the text-produced-so-far and session management strategies in multi-session writing.
A Clash of Cultures: Wie beeinflussen kulturelle Unterschiede agile Transformationen?
Authors: Zinn Moritz Michael , Müller Carolin , Herter Christine 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag in der Zeitschrift „Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO)“ untersucht basierend auf einer qualitativen Studie, wie kulturelle Unterschiede zwischen agilen Projekten und ihrem traditionellen, nicht-agilen Organisationsumfeld zu Konflikten führen und wie diese Konflikte gelöst werden können, um agile Transformationsvorhaben voranzutreiben. Bisherige Forschungsarbeiten identifizieren und kategorisieren Konflikte im Rahmen agiler Transformationen, erforschen jedoch bisher nicht, durch welche konkreten Praktiken sie gelöst werden können. Um dies zu beantworten, wurde ein agiles Pilotprojekt in einer deutschen Bank untersucht. Einem explorativen Ansatz folgend wurden 14 semistrukturierte Interviews mit Mitarbeitenden des agilen Projektes und nicht-agilen Partnerbereichen geführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die Kultur des agilen Projektes vorwiegend durch ein hohes Bedürfnis nach Flexibilität auszeichnet, während das organisationale Umfeld eine stabilitätsorientierte Organisationskultur aufweist. Aus den kulturellen Unterschieden entstehen drei Konfliktarten: (1) Konflikte, die aus den gegensätzlichen Bedürfnissen nach Einhaltung und Abweichung von Prozessvorgaben entstehen, (2) Konflikte, die auf Widerstand gegenüber anderen Arbeitsweisen beruhen und (3) Konflikte, die aus der hierarchischen Projektstruktur resultieren. Diese Konflikte können durch Anpassungen der agilen Arbeitsweise an die stabilitätsorientierte Organisationskultur und Isolation des Projektteams von nicht-agilen Bereichen gelöst werden. Auch wenn diese Praktiken im Hinblick auf eine agile Transformation konterintuitiv erscheinen, sind sie besonders in der Anfangsphase einer agilen Transformation förderlich, indem sie Voraussetzungen für Projekterfolge schaffen, die die organisationsweite Akzeptanz agiler Werte erleichtern.
Safety and Effect of Bariatric Metabolic Surgeries for Psychiatric Patients with Obesity: A Retrospective Matched Case–control Trial
Authors: Hany Mohamed , Aboudeeb Mohamed Fahmy , Shapiro-Koss Clara , Agayby Ann Samy Shafiq , Torensma Bart 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Patients living with psychiatric illnesses (PIs) have a high prevalence of obesity. In a 2006 survey, 91.2% of professionals in the bariatric field identified “psychiatric issues” as clear contraindications to weight-loss surgery.

Methods
This retrospective matched case–control study investigated the impact, safety, and possible relapse after bariatric metabolic surgery (BMS) in patients with PIs. Also, we tested the incidence of patients who developed PI after BMS and compared the post-procedural weight loss with that in a matched control group without PIs. The cases were matched in a ratio of 1:4 to the control patients standardized for age, sex, preoperative BMI, and type of BMS.

Results
Of 5987 patients, 2.82% had a preoperative PI; postoperative de novo PI was present in 0.45%. Postoperative BMI was significantly different between the groups when compared to preoperative BMI (p < 0.001). Percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) after six months was not significantly different between the case (24.6% ± 8.9) and control groups (24.0% ± 8.4, p = 1.000). Early and late complications were not significantly different between the groups. The psychiatric drug use and dosage changes did not differ significantly pre- and postoperatively. Of the psychiatric patients, 5.1% were postoperatively admitted to a psychiatric hospital (p = 0.06) unrelated to BMS, and 3.4% had a prolonged absence from work after surgery.

Conclusion
BMS is an effective weight loss treatment and a safe procedure for patients with psychiatric disorders. We found no change in the patients’ psychiatric status outside the usual disease course. Postoperative de novo PI was rare in the present study. Furthermore, patients with severe psychiatric illness were excluded from undergoing surgery and, therefore, from the study. Careful follow-up is necessary to guide and protect patients with PI.

Graphical Abstract