bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous hybrid closed-wedge supramalleolar osteotomy and ankle arthrodesis for post-traumatic varus ankle arthritis with periarticular deformity: A case report
Authors: Kobayashi Hayato , Shido Yoji 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The treatment of end-stage ankle arthritis associated with extra-articular tibial deformity, especially for ankles deformed by previous traumatic injuries and/or surgical treatment, is extremely challenging but rewarding. Only one previous report describes simultaneous tibial deformity correction and ankle arthrodesis for tibial malalignment and ipsilateral ankle arthritis. Here, we describe a unique case of post-traumatic ankle osteoarthritis concomitant with extra-articular varus deformity in a 77-year-old female. We have combined medial opening-wedge supramalleolar osteotomy (SMO) and lateral closed-wedge SMO in this case, which we termed ‘hybrid’ closed-wedge SMO, to overcome the limitations of traditional closed-wedge SMO. The patient was successfully treated with simultaneous hybrid closed-wedge SMO and ankle arthrodesis using a single lateral locking plate. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the successful introduction of a hybrid closed-wedge osteotomy procedure in the distal tibia. Three years after surgery, the patient could walk without assistance and swim normally. The patient experienced no discomfort or pain in the operated ankle and was satisfied with the results. Radiographs confirmed that the pre-existing ankle joint line was parallel to the ground and almost invisible. The hind foot alignment was slightly valgus. No progression of the subtalar joint arthritis was detected. The simultaneous hybrid closed-wedge SMO and ankle arthrodesis was technically difficult but effective. This technique preserves leg length and subtalar joint motion. Additionally, a single lateral incision minimises the risk of impaired blood supply. The one-stage surgical treatment reduces the recovery time, duration of hospitalisation, and surgical costs. Rigid locking fixation with careful postoperative weight-bearing is required for uneventful bone healing.
Primary angiitis of the central nervous system in a patient with transient episodes of headache and aphasia: A case report
Authors: Papantoniou Michail , Korfias Stefanos , Argyrakos Theodoros , Aggelidakis Panagiotis , Tavernarakis Antonios 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) refers to a rare form of vasculitis of unknown cause, with a challenging diagnostic work-up. We report the case of a 57-year-old patient who presented with transient episodes of headache and global aphasia. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis with moderate elevated protein and normal glucose. CSF and serum tests for infections and autoimmune/paraneoplastic antibodies were negative, except CSF polymerase chain reaction testing that detected Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with intravenous gadolinium showed meningeal enhancement and pachymeningitis. Due to continuous relapsing episodes of aphasia, a leptomeningeal and brain tissue biopsy was performed and revealed lesions of granulomatous necrotising vasculitis of medium-sized leptomeningeal and intracranial vessels, as well as negative in situ hybridism for EBV. A diagnosis of primary granulomatous necrotising angiitis of the central nervous system was made, and the patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone and oral cyclophosphamide, showing excellent response to treatment. Diversity in clinical and laboratory features makes it difficult for PACNS to be distinguished by other systemic vasculitides. Laboratory tests and neuroimaging can provide guidance in evaluation of the patients and exclude other possible causes, but tissue biopsy remains the gold standard for a definite diagnosis.
Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of circular RNA in brain tumors
Authors: Katsushima Keisuke , Joshi Kandarp , Perera Ranjan J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of RNA with a stable cyclic structure. They are expressed in various tissues and cells with conserved, specific characteristics. CircRNAs have been found to play critical roles in a wide range of cellular processes by regulating gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional levels. There is an accumulation of evidence on newly discovered circRNAs, their molecular interactions, and their roles in the development and progression of human brain tumors, including cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, invasion, and chemoresistance. Here we summarize the current state of knowledge of the circRNAs that have been implicated in brain tumor pathogenesis, particularly in gliomas and medulloblastomas. In providing a comprehensive overview of circRNA studies, we highlight how different circRNAs have oncogenic or tumor-suppressive roles in brain tumors, making them attractive therapeutic targets and biomarkers for personalized therapy and precision diagnostics. This review article discusses circRNAs’ functional roles and the prospect of using them as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in patients with brain tumors.
Intrinsic spin shielding effect in platinum–rare-earth alloy boosts oxygen reduction activity
Authors: Zhu Siyuan , Sun Mingzi , Mei Bingbao , Yang Liting , Chu Yuyi , Shi Zhaoping , Bai Jingsen , Wang Xian , Jiang Zheng , Liu Changpeng , Huang Bolong , Ge Junjie , Xing Wei 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) involve a multistep proton-coupled electron process accompanied by the conversion of the apodictic spin configuration. Understanding the role of spin configurations of metals in the adsorption and desorption of oxygen intermediates during ORRs is critical for the design of efficient ORR catalysts. Herein, a platinum–rare-earth-metal-based alloy catalyst, Pt2Gd, is introduced to reveal the role of spin configurations in the catalytic activity of materials. The catalyst exhibits a unique intrinsic spin reconfiguration because of interactions between the Gd-4f and Pt-5d orbitals. The adsorption and desorption of the oxygen species are optimized by modifying the spin symmetry and electronic structures of the material for increased ORR efficiency. The Pt2Gd alloy exhibits a half-wave potential of 0.95 V and a superior mass activity of 1.5 A·mgPt−1 in a 0.1 M HClO4 electrolyte, as well as higher durability than conventional Pt/C catalysts. Theoretical calculations have proven that the spin shielding effect of Gd pairs increases the spin symmetry of Pt-5d orbitals and adsorption preferences toward spin-polarized intermediates to facilitate ORR. This work clarifies the impact of modulating the intrinsic spin state of Pt through the interaction with the local high spin 4f orbital electrons in rare-earth metals, with the aim of boosting the spin-related oxygen reduction reaction, thus fundamentally contributing to the understanding of new descriptors that control ORR activity.
Candidemia in Patients With Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices: Uncertainty in Management Based on Current International Guidelines
Authors: Chesdachai Supavit , Baddour Larry M , Sohail M Rizwan , Palraj Bharath Raj , Madhavan Malini , Tabaja Hussam , Fida Madiha , Challener Douglas W , DeSimone Daniel C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
In contrast to bloodstream infection due to a variety of bacteria in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED), there are limited data regarding candidemia and risk of CIED infection.

Methods
All patients with candidemia and a CIED at Mayo Clinic Rochester between 2012 and 2019 were reviewed. Cardiovascular implantable electronic device infection was defined by (1) clinical signs of pocket site infection or (2) echocardiographic evidence of lead vegetations.

Results
A total of 23 patients with candidemia had underlying CIED; 9 (39.1%) cases were community onset. None of the patients had pocket site infection. The duration between CIED placement and candidemia was prolonged (median 3.5 years; interquartile range, 2.0–6.5). Only 7 (30.4%) patients underwent transesophageal echocardiography and 2 of 7 (28.6%) had lead masses. Only the 2 patients with lead masses underwent CIED extraction, but device cultures were negative for Candida species. Two (33.3%) of 6 other patients who were managed as candidemia without device infection subsequently developed relapsing candidemia. Cardiovascular implantable electronic device removal was done in both patients and device cultures grew Candida species. Although 17.4% of patients were ultimately confirmed to have CIED infection, CIED infection status was undefined in 52.2%. Overall, 17 (73.9%) patients died within 90 days of diagnosis of candidemia.

Conclusions
Although current international guidelines recommend CIED removal in patients with candidemia, the optimal management strategy remains undefined. This is problematic because candidemia alone is associated with increased morbidity and mortality as seen in this cohort. Moreover, inappropriate device removal or retention can both result in increased patient morbidity and mortality.
The Logic and Value of the Presumption of Doli Incapax (Failing That, an Incapacity Defence)
Authors: Hamer David , Crofts Thomas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Children who do not understand the serious wrongness of their actions lack criminal capacity and cannot be convicted. At common law, children under seven are deemed to lack criminal capacity, children over 14 possess full capacity and children between seven and 14 are rebuttably presumed to lack capacity; the prosecution must prove capacity beyond reasonable doubt. Australia has increased the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) to 10 and is considering a further increase. England & Wales and Northern Ireland have raised the MACR to 10 but have abolished the rebuttable presumption: at age 10, all children are assigned full criminal capacity. This article agrees with international calls for the MACR to be raised but argues that it is more important that the rebuttable presumption should be retained and extended. Children’s brains and decision-making capacities continue to develop throughout their teenage years at different rates. The rebuttable presumption provides individualised justice for children facing developmental difficulties. To wrongfully convict a child who lacks capacity will unjustly damage their life chances. Where a child does have capacity, a variety of evidence may be available to the prosecution to prove it. If the prosecution fails to discharge the burden, the child should be acquitted. The acquittal may be mistaken, but this error is far less harmful than a wrongful conviction.
La promotion de l’évolution optimale de la santé mentale chez les enfants et les adolescents
Authors: Arruda Wilma , Bélanger Stacey A , Cohen Janice S , Hrycko Sophia , Kawamura Anne , Lane Margo , Patriquin Maria J , Korczak Daphne J 
Published: June 2023

Résumé
Les dispensateurs de soins pédiatriques sont souvent le premier point de contact des enfants et des adolescents aux prises avec des problèmes de santé mentale, mais ils ne possèdent pas nécessairement les ressources (p. ex., l’accès à une équipe multidisciplinaire) ni la formation nécessaires pour procéder à leur dépistage ou à leur prise en charge. Le présent document de principes conjoint décrit les principaux rôles et les principales compétences à maîtriser pour évaluer et traiter les problèmes de santé mentale chez les enfants et les adolescents, de même que les facteurs qui optimisent le plus possible l’évolution de la santé mentale dans ces groupes d’âge. Il contient des conseils fondés sur des données probantes à propos du dépistage des préoccupations en matière de santé mentale chez les jeunes et leur famille ainsi qu’à propos des échanges sur le sujet. Les interventions préventives et thérapeutiques dont l’efficacité est démontrée en milieu communautaire sont abordées. Le présent document de principes, qui est fondamental, traite également des changements à l’enseignement de la médecine ainsi qu’aux systèmes et aux politiques de santé qui s’imposent pour améliorer la pratique clinique et les efforts de revendications au Canada, y compris les modèles de rémunération appropriés, les approches des soins abordées étape par étape, le financement gouvernemental ciblé, l’enseignement et la formation professionnelle.
Thermal niche of the dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum across different salinity and light levels
Authors: Vidyarathna Nayani K , Ahn So Hyun (Sophia) , Glibert Patricia M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The interactive effects of temperature (15–30°C), salinity (5–30) and light (low-100 and high-300 μmol photons m−2 s−1) on growth, thermal niche properties and cellular carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) of the toxic dinoflagellate, Karlodinium veneficum, were studied to understand its potential for change under future climate conditions in the eutrophic Chesapeake Bay. Cell growth was highest under conditions of 25–28°C, salinity 10–20 and high light, which represented the preferred physical niche for bloom formation in the present day. In the Chesapeake Bay, blooms generally occur at 25–29°C and salinity 10–14, while low-biomass occurrences have been found at salinities 15–29, consistent with the laboratory findings. High light increased the thermal sensitivity of K. veneficum and lowered the thermal optima for growth. Under conditions of low light, and salinity 10–20, cells exhibited the highest thermal optima for growth. The highest upper thermal maxima were observed at salinity 30, suggesting that cells in the lower estuary would be more thermally resistant than those in upper and mid-estuarine regions, and therefore these higher salinity regions may provide over-summering habitats for K. veneficum. Cellular C and N were highly varied at the preferred salinity and temperature niche and C:N ratios showed decreasing trends with temperature.
An Economic Framework for Vaccine Prioritization
Authors: Akbarpour Mohammad , Budish Eric , Dworczak Piotr , Kominers Scott Duke 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We propose an economic framework for determining the optimal allocation of a scarce supply of vaccines that become gradually available during a public health crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Agents differ in observable and unobservable characteristics, and the designer maximizes a social welfare function over all feasible mechanisms—accounting for agents’ characteristics, as well as their endogenous behavior in the face of the pandemic. The framework emphasizes the role of externalities and incorporates equity as well as efficiency concerns. Our results provide an economic justification for providing vaccines immediately and for free to some groups of agents, while at the same time showing that a carefully constructed pricing mechanism can improve outcomes by screening for individuals with the highest private and social benefits of receiving the vaccine. The solution casts light on the classic question of whether prices or priorities should be used to allocate scarce public resources under externalities and equity concerns.
Chest CT utilization in COVID-19: a dosimetric and diagnostic-quality study
Authors: Saeed Mohammed K , Alshamrani Hassan A , Abdullah Youssef M , Ali Ali Sid Ahmed M , Almalki Y , Alqfail Khaled A 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to look at the variations in chest computed tomography (CT) use, radiation dose and image quality in the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia patients in Saudi Arabia. This is a retrospective study of 402 patients with COVID-19, who were treated between February and October 2021. Radiation dose was estimated using metrics of volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and size-specific dose estimate (SSDE). The imaging performance of the CT scanners was evaluated by measuring different parameters, such as resolution and CT number uniformity, with an ACR-CT accreditation phantom. Expert radiologists assessed the diagnostic quality and occurrence of artefacts. For all of the image quality parameters tested, the majority of the scanner sites (80%) were found to be within the suggested acceptance limits. Ground-glass opacities were the most common finding in our patient sample (54%). On chest CT exams with typical appearance of COVID-19 pneumonia, the most respiratory motion artefacts (56.3%) were present, followed by those with indeterminate appearance (32.2%). There were significant differences in CT utilization, CTDIvol and SSDE across the collaborated sites. The use of CT scans and radiation doses varied in the COVID-19 patients, highlighting the optimizations of CT protocols at participating sites.
Social Motivation in Schizophrenia: What’s Effort Got to Do With It?
Authors: Catalano Lauren T , Green Michael F 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Social motivation, defined as the fundamental human desire to seek out, engage in, and maintain interpersonal bonds, has become a growing area of research in schizophrenia. The major focus has been on understanding the impact of social reward-related processes. An obvious but rarely acknowledged fact is that social interactions, much like other goal-directed acts, require the exertion of effort. In this Review Article, we argue that social motivation in schizophrenia can be conceptualized through the lens of an established framework: effort-based decision-making (EBDM).

Study Design
We conducted a literature review on social reward processing in schizophrenia, then extended these findings by applying concepts and insights from the literature on EBDM to the study of social motivation.

Study Results
Within the EBDM framework, decisions about whether or not to pursue social interactions are bound by cost/benefit calculations. That is, people do not pursue social behaviors when the estimated “cost” of the required effort outweighs the anticipated “benefit” or reward. We propose that people with schizophrenia are less likely to engage in social interaction compared with healthy samples because they: (1) underestimate the benefits of relationships (based on expectations of reward/punishment), (2) overestimate the effort costs associated with social interaction, and/or (3) fail to integrate cost-benefit information in an optimal manner.

Conclusions
EBDM is an especially promising framework of social motivation that goes beyond the current focus on social reward processing to include a focus on effort.
Event-triggered adaptive finite time trajectory tracking control for an underactuated vessel considering unknown time-varying disturbances
Authors: Wang Qiwen , Zhang Qiang , Wang Yugang , Hu Yancai , Guo Shaoyi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper aims to solve the finite-time trajectory tracking problem of underactuated surface ships under the influence of dynamic uncertainty, unknown external time-varying interference and limited communication resources. An event-triggered robust adaptive finite-time trajectory tracking control method for underactuated ships is designed by combining the existing trajectory tracking control methods and engineering needs in actual navigation. It can obviously improve the tracking accuracy of the ship, and complete the tracking task safely and efficiently. This scheme transforms the composite uncertain vector synthesized by uncertain parameters and external disturbances into a linear parameterized form. Next, considering the limitation of communication resources, a relative threshold event triggering mechanism is introduced to further extend the triggering time interval on the basis of the fixed threshold triggering scheme. Then, an event-triggered robust adaptive finite-time trajectory tracking control scheme is designed for underactuated ships, and a rigorous stability proof is provided through Lyapunov stability theory. Simulation experiment is carried out in MATLAB and the results show that the finite-time trajectory tracking control scheme proposed in this paper can effectively solve the problems of dynamic uncertainty, unknown time-varying external interference and limitation of communication resources. This paper can provide theoretical support for the autonomous navigation of intelligent ships.
Quantitative measurement and application of droplets on physical surfaces based on LIF technology
Authors: Wu Fan , Zhou Shuaixiong , Cui Qingmin , Xu Renze , Li Hengkui , Yu Chao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Contaminated surfaces play a significant role in the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases. To address this issue, we presented a novel quantitative detection method for droplets on physical surfaces, based on the laser-induced fluorescence technique. The proposed detection method was demonstrated in a realistic high-speed train compartment scenario by simulating the process of droplet release during passengers' breathing and coughing. The experimental results showed that this method could offer high precision (10−1 mg/m2) for detecting minute substance concentrations, and its ease of operation makes it suitable for complex engineering environments. The results also revealed that under the combined effects of the indoor airflow and breathing airflow, the range of droplets released by breathing activity exceeded two rows in front of and behind the release position. Simultaneously, we observed that a large number of droplets settled on the seat surfaces on both sides of the same row as the releaser, with over 36% of these droplets concentrated on the backrest area of the seats. As the respiratory jet velocity increased, the location with the most sediment droplets (accounting for 8% of the total sedimentation) occurred on the seat directly in front of the releaser, and approximately 48% of the droplets were found on the back of this seat. Our proposed method overcomes the shortcomings of existing experimental methods in quantitatively capturing the motion characteristics of droplets in complex flow fields.
Multidisciplinary characterization of the new species Copemetopus mystakophoros and its symbionts with a proposal for the new class Copemetopea (Alveolata: Ciliophora)
Authors: Fokin Sergei I , Serra Valentina , Gammuto Leandro , Allievi Alessandro , Petroni Giulio , Modeo Letizia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The history of the genus Copemetopus is tortuous and studded with several misattributions. It was erected by Villeneuve-Brachon in 1940 after the discovery of Copemetopus subsalsus in saline ponds along the French coast of the Mediterranean Sea near Sète and associated with the class Heterotrichea in the family Metopidae, close to Bryometopus. After a long series of systematic revisions, it is now clear that Copemetopus is not a heterotrich and that it falls in the subphylum Intramacronucleata. Nevertheless, a lot more work is needed to fix the complex taxonomic status of the genus, which lacks a precise taxonomic collocation (it is presently referred to as incertae sedis). In the present study focused on a multidisciplinary and detailed description of a new species, of the genus, Copemetopus mystakophoros sp. nov., we also propose the erection of the new class, Copemetopea cl. nov. After careful literature and data revision, we believe that members of Copemetopus require a higher-ranked taxon in the phylum Ciliophora, given their molecular and morphological peculiarities.