bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controllable synthesis of indium oxide nanorod‐flowers for high field emission performance
Authors: Hu Yuechuan , Feng Hange , Li Lingwei , Luo Menghao , Dong Zibo , Xue Shaolin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, indium oxide (In2O3) nanomaterials are successfully synthesized on the silicon substrates by hydrothermal method and calcination. By changing the ratio of raw materials, In2O3 exhibits three morphologies of nanorods, nanomaces, and nanorod‐flowers. Among the three morphologies of In2O3 nanomaterials, the nanorod‐flowers shaped In2O3 shows a strong field emission property, the turn‐on electric field as low as 0.97 V/µm and the field enhancement factor β up to 1053. The excellent performance is attributed to the higher length to diameter (L/D) ratio of the emitting tips and the better crystal quality for nanorod‐flowers shaped In2O3. The authors also show that for the nanorod‐flowers shaped In2O3, increasing separation distance, the turn‐on electric field increases up to about 3.67 V/µm and β decreases to 573 at d = 900 µm. This work provides new insights to design and synthesize nanomaterials with excellent field emission properties.
Comparison of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography-Derived Contrast Enhancement with Standard Dual-Energy Pulmonary Angiography in Diagnosing Subsegmental Pulmonary Embolism: A Prospective Study
Authors: Yadav Vivek , Singhal Manphool , Maralakunte Muniraju , Sharma Navneet , Sharma Arun , Lal Anupam 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective In this study, we compare the diagnostic accuracy of dual-energy (DE) computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) derived contrast enhancement (DECTPA, CTPA images with iodine maps) with standard dual-energy pulmonary angiography (SCTPA) for diagnosis of subsegmental pulmonary embolism in the cases with clinical suspicion of acute pulmonary embolism (APE).
Materials and Methods We included 50 cases with clinical suspicion of APE that were referred for CTPA. All the patients underwent CTPA in the dual-energy protocol. Two radiologists evaluated the images. The first radiologist interpreted the SCTPA images (vascular images) and the second radiologist interpreted the DECTPA (CTPA images with iodine maps) for findings of APE. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of DECTPA vis-à-vis SCTPA images.
Results The DECTPA with the advantage of iodine map utilization yielded higher detection of thrombi in peripheral subsegmental arteries (72 vs. 99; p = – 0.001) as compared to the SCTPA images by identification of 18 new perfusion defects (interquartile range [IQR]: 0–1) that were consistent with APE. Filling defects were identified in 27 (IQR: 0–4) more subsegmental arteries supplying these 18 areas, which were not detected on SCTPA alone. These 18 perfusion defects were identified in 13 cases. In these 13 cases, 4 new cases were diagnosed that were negative on CTPA (p = –0.125).In the evaluation of the APE, sensitivity and specificity were calculated and it was found that DECTPA showed 100% sensitivity and 86% specificity with 100% negative predictive value in the detection of thrombi as compared to the routine CTPA.
Conclusion DECTPA has higher sensitivity and negative predictive value in the detection of the subsegmental perfusion defect identification as compared to SCTPA.
Perioperative Outcomes of Hyperlactatemia during Craniotomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 1,832 Patients
Authors: Sharapi Mahfouz M. , Al-dardery Nada M. , El-Samahy Mohamed A. , Mahfouz Amany E. , Aljabali Ahmed S. , Ghaith Hazem S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Hyperlactatemia, is common in patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures. Several studies have identified potential risk factors for developing hyperlactatemia in neurosurgical patients, including body mass index, surgery duration, tumour volume, and certain drugs such as volatile anesthetic agents and corticosteroids. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the evidence of the association between perioperative lactate levels in patients undergoing brain surgery and postoperative morbidity and mortality.
Methods Using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Medline, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases, a systematic literature search was conducted for studies examining the association between perioperative hyperlactatemia and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing brain surgery. Two authors independently evaluated the full-text papers for eligibility, and then data extraction and meta-analyses of similar studies were conducted (using a random effect model for each outcome measure). The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the risk of bias (NOS scale).
Results Seven observational studies were included, and a total of 1,832 patients were assessed in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The quality of the included studies ranged from poor to high quality according to the NOS quality assessment tool. Meta-analysis results revealed no significant association between perioperative hyperlactatemia and postoperative new neurological deficits (five studies: odds ratio [OR] = 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.50–1.87], p = 0.92; heterogeneity: I
2 = 38%, p = 0.18). Similarly, perioperative hyperlactatemia was neither significantly associated with increased 30-day postoperative mortality (two studies; OR = 0.20, 95% CI [0.02–2.00], p = 0.17; heterogeneity: I
2 = 0%, p = 0.59) nor 6 months survival rate (three studies; OR = 1.05, 95% CI [0.75–1.47], p = 0.79; heterogeneity: I
2 = 0%, p = 0.51). Moreover, there was no difference in the length of hospital stay between the two groups (four studies: mean difference = –0.85, 95% CI [–1.73 to 0.03], p = 0.06). Pooled studies were not homogenous (I
2 = 68%, p = 0.03).
Conclusion Perioperative hyperlactatemia is benign in neurosurgical patients and is not associated with significant postoperative outcomes, such as developing new postoperative neurological deficit, 30-day mortality, 6-month survival, or prolonged hospital stay.
Pin Site Epidural Hematoma Masquerading as Intractable Brain Swelling: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Reddy Ashwini , Panda Nidhi , Chauhan Rajeev , Mahajan Shalvi , Mohindra Sandeep 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHead fixation devices are frequently used to immobilize the position of the head in neurosurgery. We report a rare complication of a four-pin Sugita device causing epidural hematoma (EDH) in a young adult male undergoing transcranial excision of a craniopharyngioma manifesting intraoperatively as an intractable tense brain. Decreased bone mineral density secondary to the metabolic consequences of craniopharyngioma could have increased the susceptibility to breach of the bony cortex. The index case highlights the essential role of a preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan review for the thickness of the cranial vault and the identification of weaker zones in high-risk groups.
Sociodemographic Factors Affecting Tobacco, Alcohol, and Cannabis Consumption among Kosovar University Students
Authors: Ibraimi Zana , Shabani Driton , Murtezani Ardiana , Tahirbegolli Bernard , Berisha-Muharremi Venera 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTobacco, cannabis, and alcohol consumption, found to be most common among college students, is known to cause life-threatening diseases, and is correlated with social, financial and health problems. For the present study, we aimed to assess the sociodemographic factors affecting tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis consumption among university students. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2020, on a random sample of 507 undergraduates, between the ages of 18 and 24. The research instrument was a self- administered questionnaire with questions on the sociodemographic characteristics, and questions regarding the consumption of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis.The mean ± standard deviation age of study sample was 21.56 ± 1.81 years, and 56.4% participants were females. The lifetime prevalence of tobacco usage among the study sample was 66.7%, alcohol 54.2%, and the cannabis had a prevalence of 13.8%. About 46.2% (n = 234) were co-users of tobacco smoking and alcohol, and 12.6% (n = 64) were co-user of tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug use. Analyzed with Pearson's chi-squared test, there was no statistically significant difference between students from private and public institutions on lifetime, in the past 1 year/1 month of tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and cannabis use (p > 0.05). The logistic regression model for dependent variable cannabis abuse in the past 1 year is associated with lower odds among female students (odds ratio: 0.337, 95% confidence interval: 0.167–0.682; p = 0.002). Smoking, drinking, and cannabis were found to be highly prevalent among university students. These findings can help program managers and policy makers devise effective and appropriate control programs and policies for substance-using university students.
Distributed leadership, self-efficacy and wellbeing in schools: A study of relations among teachers in Shanghai
Authors: Liu Ji , Qiang Faying , Kang Haihua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEmpowering teachers through sharing communal decision-making responsibility via distributed leadership has been shown to be effective for positive change in schools. While studies have proposed various psychosocial channels through which positive effects on teacher wellbeing can be realized, there is scarce evidence on how this relationship is influenced by teacher self-efficacy. This study examines how self-efficacy mediates the relationship between distributed leadership, job and career wellbeing among secondary school teachers, employing a partial least-squares structural equation model using the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) Shanghai dataset (N = 3799). Results show that distributed leadership is positively associated with improvement in self-efficacy (std. β = 0.33, P < 0.001), job wellbeing (std. β = 0.51, P < 0.001), and career wellbeing (std. β = 0.45, P < 0.001), whereas self-efficacy is positively correlated with job wellbeing (std. β = 0.15, P < 0.001), but not career wellbeing (std. β = −0.01, P = 0.69). In terms of mediation effects, self-efficacy positively mediates the relationship between distributed leadership and job wellbeing (std. β = 0.05, P < 0.001), but distributed leadership does not indirectly influence career wellbeing (std. β = −0.002, P = 0.70) via channels through self-efficacy.
Towards a free energy-based elastic network model and its application to the SARS-COV2 binding to ACE2
Authors: Na Hyuntae , Song Guang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Classical normal mode analysis (cNMA) is a standard method for studying the equilibrium vibrations of macromolecules. A major limitation of cNMA is that it requires a cumbersome step of energy minimization that also alters the input structure significantly. Variants of normal mode analysis (NMA) exist that perform NMA directly on PDB structures without energy minimization, while maintaining most of the accuracy of cNMA. Spring-based NMA (sbNMA) is such a model. sbNMA uses an all-atom force field as cNMA does, which includes bonded terms such as bond stretching, bond angle bending, torsional, improper, and non-bonded terms such as van der Waals interactions. Electrostatics was not included in sbNMA because it introduced negative spring constants. In this work, we present a way to incorporate most of the electrostatic contributions in normal mode computations, which marks another significant step toward a free-energy-based elastic network model (ENM) for NMA. The vast majority of ENMs are entropy models. One significance of having a free energy-based model for NMA is that it allows one to study the contributions of both entropy and enthalpy. As an application, we apply this model to study the binding stability between SARS-COV2 and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (or ACE2). Our results show that the stability at the binding interface is contributed nearly equally by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds.
Individual bias and fluctuations in collective decision making: from algorithms to Hamiltonians
Authors: Sarkanych Petro , Krasnytska Mariana , Gómez-Nava Luis , Romanczuk Pawel , Holovatch Yurij 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we reconsider the spin model suggested recently to understand some features of collective decision making among higher organisms (Hartnett et al 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett.
116 038701). Within the model, the state of an agent i is described by the pair of variables corresponding to its opinion

S
i

=
±
1

and a bias ω

i
toward any of the opposing values of S

i
. Collective decision making is interpreted as an approach to the equilibrium state within the nonlinear voter model subject to a social pressure and a probabilistic algorithm. Here, we push such a physical analogy further and give the statistical physics interpretation of the model, describing it in terms of the Hamiltonian of interaction and looking for the equilibrium state via explicit calculation of its partition function. We show that, depending on the assumptions about the nature of social interactions, two different Hamiltonians can be formulated, which can be solved using different methods. In such an interpretation the temperature serves as a measure of fluctuations, not considered before in the original model. We find exact solutions for the thermodynamics of the model on the complete graph. The general analytical predictions are confirmed using individual-based simulations. The simulations also allow us to study the impact of system size and initial conditions on the collective decision making in finite-sized systems, in particular, with respect to convergence to metastable states.
Isotopic and elemental analysis by electrostatic energy analyzer laser ablated time-of-flight mass spectrometer
Authors: Shah Mehmood , Qureshi Shakir Hussain , Alvi Zeeshan Ahmed , Waheed Abdul 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this work, we present a modified setup of the time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. It consists of a laser ablation source, and a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (532 nm, 100 mJ, 7 ns) integrated with a linear TOF mass spectrometer coupled with an electrostatic energy analyzer (EEA). Ions are detected by a channeltron electron multiplier assembled with EEA. The main objective of this work is to resolve the ion’s initial energy problem and improve the reproducibility of the results. Employing this newly developed setup the elemental analysis of a known sample was performed for different laser energies and found no shift in the position of the ions signals on the time scale. In addition to elemental analysis, isotopic compositions of lithium, titanium, copper, and silver samples have been also derived. Our results are in good agreement with their natural abundance. The design parameters of the instrument were optimized. The mass calibration was achieved by measuring the flight time of various ions; Li+, Ti+, Cu+, and Ag+.
Echoes of axial gravitational perturbations in stars of uniform density*
Authors: Lin Kai , Qian Wei-Liang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the echoes in axial gravitational perturbations in compact objects. Accordingly, we propose an alternative scheme of the finite difference method implemented in two coordinate systems, where the initial conditions are placed on the axis of the tortoise coordinate with appropriate boundary conditions that fully respect the causality. The scheme is then employed to study the temporal profiles of the quasinormal oscillations in the Schwarzschild black hole and uniform-density stars. When presented as a two-dimensional evolution profile, the resulting ringdown waveforms in the black hole metric are split into reflected and transmitted waves as the initial perturbations evolve and collide with the peak of the effective potential. Meanwhile, for compact stars, quasinormal oscillations might be characterized by echoes. Consistent with the causality arguments, the phenomenon is produced by the gravitational waves bouncing between the divergent potential at the star's center and the peak of the effective potential. The implications of the present study are also discussed herein.
Intensity pseudo-localized phase in the glassy random laser
Authors: Niedda Jacopo , Leuzzi Luca , Gradenigo Giacomo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Evidence of an emergent pseudo-localized phase characterizing the low-temperature replica symmetry breaking phase of the complex disordered models for glassy light is provided in the mode-locked random laser model. A pseudo-localized phase corresponds to a state in which the intensity of light modes is neither equipartited among all modes nor strictly condensed on few of them. Such a hybrid phase, recently characterized as a finite size effect in other models, such as the discrete non-linear Schrödinger equation, in the low temperature phase of the glassy random laser appears to be robust in the limit of large size.
Dynamic Monitoring System of Oil Pipeline Leakage for Oil and Gas Safety
Authors: Feng Yan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The conventional oil pipeline leakage dynamic monitoring system has the problem of imperfect risk assessment link, which leads to the long alarm response time of the system. An oil and gas safety oriented oil pipeline leakage dynamic monitoring system is designed. Hardware part: select MLLD sensor as voltage acquisition device, and connect RS-485 serial standard bus and other circuit devices. Software part: identify the leakage hazard source of oil pipeline, capture the corresponding characteristic points of leakage negative pressure wave, determine the location of leakage point, build the risk assessment model based on oil and gas safety theory, design the safety management function of dynamic monitoring system software, and clarify the potential safety hazards of oil and gas pipeline. Experimental results: the average alarm response time of the oil pipeline leakage dynamic monitoring system based on data mining in this paper and the other two systems are 95.746s, 122.026s and 122.426s respectively, which proves that the oil pipeline leakage dynamic monitoring system integrating oil and gas safety theory has a higher value.
A Power System Reserve Configuration Solution That Satisfies the Frequency Stability Constraint Under the Given New Energy Index
Authors: Song Shaoqun , Liu Zhixuan , Xin Zhilei , Wang Ziqi , Fan Runsheng , Xie Yan , Chen Zhi , Tang Xiaojun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the problem of frequency stability and voltage stability of a new power system, this paper provides a new energy index method based on frequency stability constraints in the standby category of the new power system. Several concepts, such as maximum disturbance constraint and minimum reserve capacity, are proposed. Two constraints, power balance, and frequency constraint are set, and the factors to be considered, such as load frequency effect, security and control measure, demand-side response, and primary frequency change amplitude of each type of unit, are specified. Through analysis and study of regional data, the peak load of power grid new energy is a given index in a given scenario, according to the research of regional power grid in each category of a frequency modulation amplitude, the installed capacity is set to build a solution, to the problem of frequency stability caused by clean energy consumption, thus determine the ratio of each category of power output and heat capacity. Finally, according to the actual data of one regional power grid, the PSD-BPA power system simulation software is used to verify the effectiveness of the method.
Study on the Optimal Configuration of GSHP in Regional Integrated Energy Systems Considering the Uncertainty of New Energy
Authors: Wang Baoshi , Lv Dongsheng , Wang Duo , Liu Bin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The study of regionally integrated energy system optimization problems is of great significance and usefulness for the development of the energy Internet. Regional integrated energy system planning and optimization modeling is the basis for rational system configuration and economical operation. It is one of the key issues in the development of integrated regional energy systems. The optimization of a regionally integrated energy system is studied in this paper. The uncertainty of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation and the characteristic of CHP is considered. Were established. On this basis, Considering the uncertainty of new energy, a GSHP optimal allocation model based on two-layer optimization is established. A two-level optimization model is introduced. A genetic algorithm is applied to the upper layer, and a genetic algorithm is applied to the lower layer to analyze the nonlinear programming problem. Finally, different system configuration schemes are proposed and computationally solved, combined with examples for case studies to verify the feasibility of the established regional integrated energy system optimization model.
Research on Interconnection Scheme of Renewable Energy in Substation
Authors: Liu Xiaobo , Yu Xiangyang , Miao Yun , Shi Liang , Fan Zikai 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As one of the carriers of power transmission and transformation in the power system, the traditional substation has a relatively single function. To make full use of renewable energy to generate electricity, the rate of station power consumption needs to be reduced, and the goal of “zero-carbon” substation construction needs to be achieved. The use of renewable distributed power substation station power systems is a valuable research topic. This paper takes the substation as the research object, fully explores the characteristics of the strong flexibility of distributed solar energy, and analyzes the utilization form and access method of renewable distributed energy in the substation. The research station power microgrid system design scheme, mainly including system architecture design, the equipment selection and configuration principles along with the load in the substation station, proposes multiple new energy application scenarios, which have certain reference significance and promotion application value for the future transformation of traditional substations to integrated energy stations with energy interconnection.
Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation of Entrained-Flow Gasifier and Influence of Coal Distribution at the Inlet
Authors: Chen Wei , Wei Zhaofu , Ge Zhihong , Zhou Quan , Guo Jinjun , Zhang Wenbin , Jiang Congbin , Ding Jianping 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The research object in this paper is an industrial HTL gasifier in a plant. A three-dimensional model is built. The chemical percolation devolatilization (CPD) model is used to calculate the pyrolysis reaction. Considering the gas diffusion in the inner pores of the particle and the evolution of pore structure, the random pore model (RPM) was used to simulate the chemical reaction on the particle surface, and the gasification reaction kinetic parameter of char was measured by high-pressure thermogravimetry analysis. The slag model was constructed to describe the formation process and distribution of slag. Through the coupling of the above models, a simulation method that combines several submodels for the entrained flow gasifier is built, and the results from simulation are in good agreement with the industrial data. Furthermore, the effect of the uniformity of pulverized coal injection was analyzed by this method. The simulation results reflect that the asymmetric feed of coal will affect gas-solid mixing and reduce carbon conversion, and it leads to a higher local wall temperature and a lower ratio of crude slag to fine slag.