bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autonomous Fracture Conductivity Using Expandable Proppants in Enhanced Geothermal Systems
Authors: Al Balushi Faras , Zhang Qitao , Dahi Taleghani Arash 
Published: June 2023

Summary
Early thermal breakthrough in enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) due to the presence of preferential flow channels is a major challenge that endangers efficient and economic heat extraction in such systems. Previous studies mainly focused on adjusting circulation rates of the working fluid, which still leaves significant amounts of untapped heat behind. Currently, there is a lack of technologies for altering flow distribution within the fracture network to achieve uniform heat sweeping in the reservoir. This work presents a novel concept for making proppants to autonomously control fracture conductivity based on the surrounding temperature. Here, proppants with negative thermal expansion coefficients have demonstrated the capability for appropriate fracture conductivity adjustment as a function of temperature to achieve uniform flow across the fracture network. Particle-particle interactions governing such functions are explicitly modeled, and then the Lattice Boltzmann methods (LBM) is used to determine the potential impact of closure stress and temperature changes on the permeability of the proposed proppant packs. Microscale analyses are further used to determine the required material properties to achieve a certain improvement in the permeability of the proppant pack. Our analyses show an enhancement in permeability and the associated fracture conductivity by half of their initial values. Field-scale analysis further confirms the effectiveness of the proposed concept as 31.4% more heat can be extracted from EGS over 50 years of production when the proposed proppants are used. Such novel proppants may effectively delay thermal breakthrough, sweep heat from larger rock volumes, and elongate the life span of the EGS project.
Natural recovery of old crop fields in a South African Grassland biome
Authors: Coetzer Willem G. , Coetzer Kayleigh 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Changing land-use practices has led to an increased rate of cropland abandonment in South Africa. Globally, climate change has increased the need for additional studies on the impact of land abandonment on soil health in arid and semi-arid environments. We, therefore, aimed to measure the changes in soil health with time following abandonment. The study site is located in the Winterberg Mountains of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Standard soil characteristics were assessed for three recovering old crop fields. Samples from the surrounding natural habitat were also included for comparison. Significant positive changes in soil water-holding capacity and carbon and nitrogen characteristics were observed with increased age since abandonment, pointing to soil quality recovery. It will, however, still take a significant amount of time for total recovery to be achieved. Continuous monitoring of old crop fields in agricultural and formally protected areas is needed to fully understand the long-term effects of cropping on soil quality in this region.
Facile Synthesis of Z-Scheme Fe-nPPy/BiOI Nanocomposite for Enhanced Visible Light Driven Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Gogoi Rituporn , Sharma Kajal , Singh Astha , Siril Prem Felix 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this work, conducting polymer (CP) and bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) based Z-scheme nanocomposite photocatalysts were prepared at room temperature. The nanocomposite formation with intimate interfaces were confirmed by advanced characterization techniques. In comparison to pure BiOI and Fe-nPPy, the hybrid nanocomposite, Fe-nPPy/BiOI showed significant enhancement in photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet (CV) dye when exposed to a visible light source. The photocatalyst was versatile for photocatalytic environment remediation as it could degrade pharmaceutical pollutant tetracycline (TC) also. The proper alignment of band edge potential and better interfacial contact between Fe-nPPy and BiOI, which reduce charge recombination in the nanocomposite and enable their better utilisation for the photocatalytic degradation reaction, were attributed to the better photocatalytic performance of the Fe-nPPy/BiOI nanocomposite. Further, the photogenerated electrons were acting as the primary reactive species responsible for degradation process, as per trapping experiments.
Rank-based deep learning from citizen-science data to model plant communities
Authors: Brun Philipp , Karger Dirk , Zurell Damaris , Descombes Patrice , de Witte Lucienne , de Lutio Riccardo , Wegner Jan , Zimmermann Niklaus 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

In the age of big data, scientific progress is fundamentally limited by our capacity to extract critical information. We show that recasting multispecies distribution modeling as a ranking problem allows analyzing ubiquitous citizen-science observations with unprecedented efficiency. Based on 6.7M observations, we jointly modeled the distributions of 2477 plant species and species aggregates across Switzerland, using deep neural networks (DNNs). Compared to commonly-used approaches, multispecies DNNs predicted species distributions and especially community composition more accurately. Moreover, their setup allowed investigating understudied aspects of ecology: including seasonal variations of observation probability explicitly allowed approximating flowering phenology, especially for small, herbaceous species; reweighting predictions to mirror cover-abundance allowed mapping potentially canopy-dominant tree species nationwide; and projecting DNNs into the future allowed assessing how distributions, phenology, and dominance may change. Given their skill and their versatility, multispecies DNNs can refine our understanding of the distribution of plants and well-sampled taxa in general.
Social-Economic and Environment Impacts for a Fish Reverse Supply Chain: A Mixed Integer Linear Optimization Approach
Authors: Vanany Iwan , Wangsa Ivan Darma , Savitri Niken Anggraini , Putera Rizki Revianto , Wibawa Berto Mulya , Atmaja Lukman , Tseng Ming-Lang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study contributes to the fish reverse supply chain due to lack of social-economic and environmental impacts. This study aims to develop a mathematical model for fish reverse supply chain with multi-echelons, multi-products, and multi-periods considering the social-economic (job opportunities and profit) and environmental (carbon emissions) impacts through mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). The proposed model provides social-economic insight for governments to understand the increasing of job opportunities if fish gelatin and powder industries can process fish waste (fish bones and skin). The managerial insight for fish processing industries to increase profit and reduce carbon emission in production, transportation, and warehouse. A sensitivity analysis is illustrated to show that the supply of raw fish, selling prices, and purchasing costs are sensitive to total profit, carbon emissions, and job opportunities. The results show that the total profit for five months is IDR 21,779,378,445 and the largest contribution to the total cost is the costs of purchasing, emission costs, and production costs, which are 44.04%; 23.7%; and 18.2%, respectively.
Continental Delamination Initiates Subduction and Supercontinent Breakup
Authors: Cao Zebin , Liu Lijun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Subduction is a fundamental process that drives plate tectonics1, 2 and supercontinent cycles3-5. The separation of a supercontinent requires the initiation of new subduction zones along its passive margins, evidenced in the appearance and increase in global continental arc volcanism6, 7 during the breakup of Pangea and Rodinia. However, the mechanism of subduction initiation (SI) at the passive margin remains elusive. Previous studies show that the mechanical resistance for SI at a mature passive margin cannot be overcome by the gravitational force of old oceanic lithosphere, even with the addition of ridge push and sediment loading8-10. Here we propose a new mechanism for passive margin SI due to delamination of the nearby cratonic lithospheric mantle (CLM), following recent findings that the CLM consists of a buoyant upper layer and a dense lower layer11-14, with the net CLM buoyancy significantly greater than that of the ambient mantle13, 14. We demonstrate that dynamic perturbations, such as plume underplating, could trigger lower CLM delamination along preexisting weak zones, while the buoyant upper CLM uplifts to damage the passive margin, ultimately leading to the formation of a new subduction zone. We further show that the developing oceanic subduction generates large extensional stress in the overriding plate, facilitating supercontinent breakup. We suggest that this new SI mechanism represents a key driving force for the periodic operation of supercontinent cycles.
High efficacy of VLA2001 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection in non-human primates
Authors: Grand Roger Le , Galhaut Mathilde , Lundberg Urban , Marlin Romain , Schlegl Robert , Seidel Stefan , Bartuschka Ursula , Heindl-Wruss Jürgen , Relouzat Francis , Langlois Sébastien , Bosquet Nathalie , Morin  Julie , Galpin-Lebreau Maxence , Gallouet Anne-Sophie , Gros Wesley , Naninck Thibaut , Pascal Quentin , Chapon Catherine , Mouchain Karine , Fichet Guillaume , Lemaitre Julien , Cavarelli Mariangela , Contreras Vanessa , Legrand Nicolas , Meinke Andreas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The fight against COVID-19 requires mass vaccination strategies, and vaccines inducing durable cross-protective responses are still needed. Inactivated vaccines have proven lasting efficacy against many pathogens and good safety records. They contain multiple protein antigens that may improve response breadth and can be easily adapted every year to maintain preparedness for future seasonally emerging variants. Here we report the immunogenicity and efficacy of VLA2001 in animal models, the first inactivated whole virus COVID-19 vaccine that has received standard marketing authorization by the European Medicines Agency. VLA2001 formulated with alum and the TLR9 agonist CpG 1018™ adjuvant generated a Th1-biased immune response and serum neutralizing antibodies in BALB/c mice. In non-human primates, two injections of VLA2001 were sufficient to induce specific and polyfunctional T cell responses, predominantly Th1-biased, and high levels of antibodies neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell culture. These antibodies also inhibited the binding of the Spike protein to human ACE2 receptor of several variants of concern most resistant to neutralization. After exposure to a high dose of SARS-CoV-2, all vaccinated groups of cynomolgus macaques exhibited significant levels of protection from viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tracts and from lung tissue inflammation as compared to controls.
Sky Fruit Seed Crush (SFSC): A potential Source of less Salt Curing of Raw Goatskin
Authors: Razzaq Md. Abdur , Rahman M. Mahfujur , Rahman Md. Motinur 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The curing of raw hides and skins using sodium salt is a widely recognized technique, although it has negative consequences on the environment by elevating water salinity and introducing a significant amount of Total Dissolved Solid (TDS). In order to tackle this issue, goat skin was conserved through the utilization of a mixture consisting of crushed sky fruit seeds and sodium salt. Various ratios of mixture were tested on raw goat skin, and the optimal outcome was achieved by utilizing a blend consisting of 10% seed crush and 10% sodium salt, based on the weight of the raw skin. The experimental specimen effectively endured a month-long continuous evaluation of preservation-related variables such as odor, hair loss, shrinkage temperature, moisture level, and bacterial population during the trial period. The experimental sample and the sample preserved according to conventional methods were subjected to the standard leather processing technique. The liquor from both samples was analyzed to confirm the impact of environmental factors on preservation. The results of the experiment indicate 59% decrease in the levels of total dissolved solids (TDS) and 44% reduction of chloride (Cl−) content. The processed leather samples were assessed for their quality through the analysis of their physical properties and fiber structure using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
An epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition model recovers and predicts critical mutations underlying hepatic cancer stem cells emergence
Authors: Hernández-Magaña Alexis , Bensussen Antonio , Martínez-García Juan Carlos , Álvarez-Buylla Elena R. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background:
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have the ability to form tumors, induce metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. These cells are generated by the epithelium-mesenchymal transition, and its presence has been linked to a poor prognosis. In the case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it has been seen that the increase in stemness markers portends the death of the patient. Thus, it is essential to understand how CSCs are formed in order to improve treatments against HCC.
Results:
In the present work we carry out an exhaustive documentary investigation to create a gene regulatory network (GRN) in which a total number of 240 bibliographic references are integrated to model the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in hepatocytes (hEMT). From this network, we constructed a discrete Boolean model able to reproduce several apparently unconnected behaviors of the hEMT reported in the literature. We found that stem-like cells are formed by the action of hEMT only from proliferating hepatocytes in the WT model. Under normal conditions, stem-like cells are unstable and easily differentiate into other phenotypes. However, somatic mutations in tumor suppressors such as p53 or aberrant overexpression of oncogenes such as YAP1 stabilize proliferation conditions in hepatocytes and favor the appearance of CSCs. In addition, we found that these mutations have different effects on hEMT-mediated cell fates. Finally, our data suggest that this process is common to other epithelial cancers, but in HCC, inhibition of p53 is particularly important.
Conclusions:
In this work we found the mechanism by which somatic mutations generate the emergence of CSCs. These mechanisms may be used to understand the formation of CSCs in other epithelial cancers.
A familial natural short sleep mutation promotes healthy aging and extends lifespan in Drosophila
Authors: Pandey Pritika , Wall P. , Lopez Stephen , Dubuisson Olga , Zunica Elizabeth , Dantas Wagner , Kirwan John , Axelrod Christopher , Johnson Alyssa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Sleep loss typically imposes negative effects on animal health. However, humans with a rare genetic mutation in the dec2 gene (dec2P384R) present an exception; these individuals sleep less without the usual effects associated with sleep deprivation. Thus, it has been suggested that the dec2P384R mutation activates compensatory mechanisms that allows these individuals to thrive with less sleep. To test this directly, we used a Drosophila model to study the effects of the dec2P384R mutation on animal health. Expression of human dec2P384R in fly sleep neurons was sufficient to mimic the short sleep phenotype and, remarkably, dec2P384R mutants lived significantly longer with improved health despite sleeping less. The improved physiological effects were enabled, in part, by enhanced mitochondrial fitness and upregulation of multiple stress response pathways. Moreover, we provide evidence that upregulation of pro-health pathways also contributes to the short sleep phenotype, and this phenomenon may extend to other pro-longevity models.
Landscape Diversity in the Brahmaputra Floodplains: A Case Study of the Northern Bank
Authors: HAZARIKA RASHMI , BHAGABATI A. K. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Landscape change is the product of differing human-environment interactions in an area. It is the result of a variety of physical environments and the dynamic interactions between nature and culture. This study is focused on the riverine landscape, which encompasses the Brahmaputra's active floodplain sections between the Jia Bharali and the Buroi rivers and between the Brahmaputra in the south and National Highway No. 15 in the north. The main objective of the study is to study the landscape diversity in the study area and the factors responsible for landscape change. The study is based on personal field observation and household surveys in seven selected villages of five different communities and is also based on secondary data. The study found that both natural and anthropogenic factors play an essential role in the landscape diversity in the study area. First and foremost change is the reduction of agricultural land and crop diversification. Sand casting is also playing an important role in crop diversification. Due to frequent floods, many people from the char areas have shifted to other areas due to erosion. In the study area between 1999 to 2019 erosion was 68.82 km 2 and deposition was 81.64 km 2 . Due to erosion, 79 villages are affected in the study area, 36 villages are completely eroded and 43 are partially eroded. Due to the earthquake, the width of the river Brahmaputra has also increased up to 2 km leading to the submergence of many char villages. There is an increase in settlement area in the study area from 18.51 km2to 24.72 km2, with an increase of 6.22 km2of settlement area from 1999 to 2019. Change in house types is also seen in the study area.
The Interval Between Elevation of Blood Pressure and Proteinuria in Preeclampsia and Contributing Factors.
Authors: Ren Jie , Zhao Caiyun , Fan Zhuoran , Wang Yanli , Sheng Hongna , Hua Shaofang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: The new-onset proteinuria, as a pivotal sign for the representative renal lesion in preeclampsia, is still the most common diagnostic basis and has been proved relevant to the significantly abnormal sFlt-1/VEGF ratio in circulation. At the same time, the blood pressure control plays an vital role in the occurrence and evolution of proteinuria. Therefore, it is particularly helpful to investigate their internal for not only performing urinalysis for protein more legitimately but also evaluating the blood pressure level as well as the aggravation of illness, while the related research is limited.
Methods:This retrospective study included 515 preeclampsia and 358 normotensive pregnancies who labored in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 2016 to January 2020. At first, we described the onset circumstance of high blood pressure and proteinuria as well as the internal among the case group and the subgroups. Then, we decided the significant difference of the materials about the basic information, laboratory tests as well as the newborns between the case and normal group. Finally, the multi-factor ANOVA was used for the influencing factors of the internal.
Results:1. The two most common complications in preeclampsia were the proteinuria (88.35%) and placental dysfunction (5.05%). Moreover, 77.86% preeclampsia was diagnosed by abnormal blood pressure together with the new-onset proteinuria. 2.The average internal between the high blood pressure and proteinuria was 22 gestational days (from 0 to 106 days), and this interval was not significantly different between the mild and severe PE (26 days vs 21 days, P>0.05) but significantly different between the early-onset and late-onset PE (9 days vs 28 days, P<0.05). 3. The times of prenatal visit, serum creatinine in the early trimester, gestational time and diastolic blood pressure value when the initial high blood pressure appeared may influence the interval between the high blood pressure and proteinuria.
Conclusion:The new-onset proteinuria was still the prime parameter for identifying preeclampsia. The interval between the high blood pressure and proteinuria was probably relevant to the unbalance of sFlt-1/VEGF ratio and we should pay attention to monitor the proteinuria during the prenatal visit, especially for the pregnancies with less frequency of prenatal visits, higher serum creatinine in the early trimester, earlier onset time and higher diastolic blood pressure as the initial high blood pressure happened.
Probing quantum phase transitions via short depth quantum circuits for estimating quantum coherence and discrete Berry phases
Authors: Bowmick Dhiman , Liu Deren , Sengupta Pinaki , Tan Kok Chuan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Classical techniques for the simulation of complex many-body systems can be severely limited by the exponentially increasing dimensions of quantum systems, and prior assumptions are often required to efficiently extract information about non-local quantum properties. Short depth quantum algorithms are proposed that efficiently estimate non-local quantum properties such as the quantum coherence and discrete Berry phases to probe the quantum phase transitions in many body systems. The gate complexities of these algorithms scale linearly while the depth complexity scale logarithmically with system size. These algorithms are applied to probe the well-known Haldane to quantum paramagnetic phase transitions in spin-1 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chains, which are topological phase transitions that cannot be identified via local order parameters. The algorithms are shown to be able to extract non-local information about the system give the correct signatures of topological phase transitions near critical points.
Active Huygens' metasurface based on in-situ grown conductive polymer
Authors: Menezes Leonardo , Tittl Andreas , Ren Haoran , Maier Stefan , Lu Wenzheng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Active metasurfaces provide unique advantages for on-demand light manipulation at a subwavelength scale for emerging applications of 3D displays, augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR) glasses, holographic projectors and light detection and ranging (LiDAR). These applications put stringent requirements on switching speed, cycling duration, controllability over intermediate states, modulation contrast, optical efficiency and operation voltages. However, previous demonstrations focus only on particular subsets of these key performance requirements for device implementation, while the other performance metrics have remained too low for any practical use. Here, we demonstrate an active Huygens’ metasurface based on in-situ grown conductive polymer with holistic switching performance, including switching speed of 60 frames per second (fps), switching duration of more than 2000 switching cycles without noticeable degradation, hysteresis-free controllability over intermediate states, modulation contrast of over 1400%, optical efficiency of 28% and operation voltage range within 1 V. Our active metasurface design meets all foundational requirements for display applications and can be readily incorporated into other metasurface concepts to deliver high-reliability electrical control over its optical response, paving the way for compact and robust electro-optic metadevices.