bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The era of the Dawn of Mendelian research in the field of psychiatry: Rüdin's 1922 review paper “regarding the heredity of mental disturbances”
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Klee Astrid 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOn September 27, 1922, Ernst Rüdin gave an address to the Annual Conference of the German Society of Genetics entitled “Regarding the Heredity of Mental Disturbances.” Published in a 37‐page article, Rüdin reviewed the progress in the field of Mendelian psychiatric genetics, then hardly more than a decade old. Topics included (a) the status of Mendelian analyses of dementia praecox and manic‐depressive insanity which had expanded to include two and three locus and early polygenic models and sometimes included, respectively, schizoid and cyclothymic personalities; (b) a critique of theories for the explanation of co‐occurrence of different psychiatric disorders within families; and (c) a sharp methodologic critique of Davenport and Rosanoff's contemporary work which emphasized Rüdin's commitment to careful, expert phenotyping, a primary focus on well‐validated psychiatric disorders and not broad spectra of putatively inter‐related conditions, and an emphasis on rigorous statistical modeling as seen in his continued collaboration with Wilhelm Weinberg.
Quantum‐Chemical Insight into Self‐Organization of Complex Molecules from Acetylene and Anilines Catalyzed by Superbase KOH/DMSO: One‐Pot Cascade Assembly of 1,3‐Bis(arylamines)
Authors: Absalyamov Damir Z. , Vitkovskaya Nadezhda M. , Orel Vladimir B. , Schmidt Elena Yu. , Trofimov Boris A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe self‐organization of functionalized diamines, 1‐acetyl‐1,3‐bis(haloarylamines), from three molecules of acetylene and two molecules of haloanilines in the KOH/DMSO superbase medium, has been analyzed quantum chemically in some detail in the framework of the B2PLYP(D3)/6‐311+G**//B3LYP/6‐31+G* approach. We have established that the diamines are constructed in a cascade manner via the sequential alternating additions of haloaniline anions to acetylene. The reaction sequence is catalyzed by a superbase pentacoordinated complex, KOH ⋅ 5DMSO, where the hydroxide ion is significantly separated from the potassium cation (the K−OH bond length is by 0.4–0.5 Å longer than in the bare KOH molecule). The latter imparts pronounced superbasicity to the complex and provides for a shuttle‐like proton transfer (H++OH−=H2O) during the whole cascade process.
Racial and ethnic differences in neuropsychiatric symptoms and progression to incident cognitive impairment among community‐dwelling participants
Authors: Babulal Ganesh M. , Zhu Yiqi , Trani Jean‐Francois 
Published: February 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONNeuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are a risk factor for dementia; however, their prevalence and severity among ethnoracial groups are poorly understood.METHODSWe used data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) (n = 6958; ≥50 years old). Cognitively normal participants at baseline, without any NPS or dementia diagnosis, had at least one follow‐up. Survival analyses assessed the hazard ratio for 12 NPS models and progression to cognitive impairment. Propensity score weighting (PSW) matched participants on age, sex, education, and race/ethnicity.RESULTSAll 12 NPS were significantly associated with progression to cognitive impairment. In the PSW models, compared to whites, Black/African Americans were more likely to progress to cognitive impairment across all 12 NPS models, followed by Hispanic, and then Asian participants.DISCUSSIONPSW minimized selection bias to provide robust risk estimates. There is a higher risk of progressing to cognitive impairment for ethnoracial groups with NPS. Tailored screening of NPS and cognitive impairment should incorporate patient and caregiver reports.
Transforming Inert Cycloalkanes into α,ω‐Diamines by Designed Enzymatic Cascade Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Zhongwei , Fang Lin , Wang Fei , Deng Yu , Jiang Zhengbin , Li Aitao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAliphatic α,ω‐diamines (DAs) are important monomer precursors that are industrially produced by energy‐intensive, multistage chemical reactions that are harmful to the environment. Therefore, the development of sustainable green DA synthetic routes is highly desired. Herein, we report an efficient one‐pot in vivo biocatalytic cascade for the transformation of cycloalkanes into DAs with the aid of advanced techniques, including the RetroBioCat tool for biocatalytic route design, enzyme mining for finding appropriate enzymes and microbial consortia construction for efficient pathway assembly. As a result, DAs were successfully produced by the designed microbial consortia‐based biocatalytic system. In particular, the highest biosynthesis productivity record of 1,6‐hexanediamine was achieved when using either cyclohexanol or cyclohexane as a substrate. Thus, the developed biocatalytic process provides a promising alternative to the dominant industrial process for manufacturing DAs.
Practical and General Alcohol Deoxygenation Protocol
Authors: Williams Oliver P. , Chmiel Alyah F. , Mikhael Myriam , Bates Desiree M. , Yeung Charles S. , Wickens Zachary K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHerein, we describe a practical protocol for the removal of alcohol functional groups through reductive cleavage of their benzoate ester analogs. This transformation requires a strong single electron transfer (SET) reductant and a means to accelerate slow fragmentation following substrate reduction. To accomplish this, we developed a photocatalytic system that generates a potent reductant from formate salts alongside Brønsted or Lewis acids that promote fragmentation of the reduced intermediate. This deoxygenation procedure is effective across structurally and electronically diverse alcohols and enables a variety of difficult net transformations. This protocol requires no precautions to exclude air or moisture and remains efficient on multigram scale. Finally, the system can be adapted to a one‐pot benzoylation‐deoxygenation sequence to enable direct alcohol deletion. Mechanistic studies validate that the role of acidic additives is to promote the key C(sp3)−O bond fragmentation step.
Study on the preparation and luminescence properties of SrGe4O9:Mn4+ red phosphors for plant illumination
Authors: Zhao Li , Wenjia Dang , Ya‐nan Wang , Kun‐yao Wu , Ming Sun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, SrGe4O9:Mn4+ red phosphors for plant illumination were prepared using a high‐temperature solid‐phase method. The samples were characterized and analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), fluorescence spectroscopy, and other techniques. The phase structure, apparent morphology, and luminescence properties of the SrGe4O9:Mn4+ red phosphors were investigated. The results indicated that the dopant Mn4+ was incorporated into the matrix structure by substituting some Ge4+ ions without any changes in the crystal structure of the SrGe4O9 matrix. The samples comprised micron‐scale particles and exhibited high purity and uniform distribution of elements. The SrGe4O9:Mn4+ phosphors exhibited relatively strong red light emission at 660 nm under the excitation of a 430‐nm blue light, and the luminescence intensity was the highest when the Mn4+ doping amount was 1%. Proper doping of Ti4+ or Sn4+ could effectively improve the luminescence intensity of the SrGe4O9:Mn4+ phosphors. The light‐emitting diode (LED) device packaging showed that the SrGe4O9:Mn4+ red phosphors could be used for plant growth illumination.
Superiority of non‐family firms in a developing market: Moderating role of international diversification
Authors: Miah Muhammad Shahin , Bhuiyan Mohammad Rakib Uddin , Ferdous Chowdhury Saima 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper examines whether family firms outperform compared to nonfamily firms. We utilize both accounting‐based and market‐based performance measures in the present study. Secondly, we test whether operating performance and market valuation are higher for family firms with international diversification compared to locally operated family firms. We employ a unique setting where more than 65% of publicly listed companies are family firms to test our conjectures. We use ordinary least square regression models to test our hypotheses. Using a large dataset, we find that nonfamily firms perform significantly (both operating and market based performance) higher than counter family firms. However, we find that family firms outperform non‐family firms when they have international diversifications. This study contributes to family business literature, international diversification literature. It provides policy implications in that regulators understand the importance of ownership structure and how it affects firms' valuation, particularly in emerging economies where family firms dominate the markets.
Prediction of sorghum oil content using near‐infrared hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Mendoza Princess Tiffany D. , Armstrong Paul R. , Peiris Kamaranga H. S. , Siliveru Kaliramesh , Bean Scott R. , Pordesimo Lester O. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAside from being a staple crop, sorghum is now being used as a gluten‐free food, an animal feed ingredient, and a biofuel source. This growing demand for sorghum has increased interest in grain quality and utilization. This study explored near‐infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR HSI) as a nondestructive and rapid method to predict the oil content of sorghum grains.FindingsPartial least square (PLS) regression models for oil from NIR HSI spectra achieved 0.19% standard error of calibration (SEC) and 0.21% standard error of prediction (SEP) at 10 PLS factors. The results from the NIR HSI instrument were comparable to those from the single‐kernel near‐infrared reflectance instrument using the same set of samples.ConclusionThis study showed the potential of HSI as a quality control method for sorghum grains, specifically for oil content, which could be beneficial for sorghum breeders, growers, and processors.Significance and NoveltyThe increasing interest in sorghum use prompted this study which is one of the first to explore NIR HSI for sorghum oil with the ability to indicate single seed weight.
Multiple Myeloma in a Young Adult with Renal Involvement
Authors: Hajji Meriam. , Barbouch Samia. , Goucha Rim. , Abderrahim Ezzeddine. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) results from malignant plasma cell disorder. It represents approximately 10% of hematological malignancies and it is typically diagnosed in the elderly with a median age of 70 years and has a steep increase in incidence with advancing age. N Engl J Med. 2004, 1860; Clin Interv Aging. 2020, 619. The incidence of MM has been increasing over time, mostly due to population aging. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010, 225 However, certain MMs are diagnosed at young age even under 40 years old (2%). Leuk Lymphoma. 1998, 493; Blood. 2010, 5501. We report a case of a MM in a thirty‐four‐year‐old woman whose circumstance of discovery was acute kidney failure.
Guillain‐Barre syndrome associated with COVID‐19 infection: A case series
Authors: Ahmed Ayman , El‐Amin Rahba , Musa Ahmed Mudawi , Elsayed Muaz A. , Fahal Lamis Ahmed , Ahmed Eiman Siddig , Ali Yousif , Nebie Ipyn Eric , Mohamed Nouh Saad , Zinsstag Jakob , Siddig Emmanuel Edwar , EL‐Sadig Sarah Misbah 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this communication, we reported a series of six patients presented with Guillain‐Barré syndrome that associated with COVID‐19 infection, which was confirmed with RT‐PCR. Here we discuss the laboratory investigation and case management, as well as clinical presentation and outcome of each case. The current report demonstrated the first case series of COVID‐19‐associated GBS‐cases in Sudan.
Cryptococcal meningitis among perinatally HIV‐infected adolescents: Case series on presentation and management challenges
Authors: Puplampu Peter , Asamoah Isabella , Asare Bismark O. , Berko Kofi P. , Oladele Oluwakemi , Amankwa Emmanuella , Lambert Frempong , Afriyie Antoinette T. , Ganu Vincent 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDiagnosis and management of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV‐infected adolescents is challenging in poor resource settings. A high index of suspicion based on clinical presentation is critical for early identification and treatment. This report sought to describe the clinical presentation and outcomes of HIV‐associated cryptococcal meningitis in adolescents.
Endogenous endophthalmitis due to Serratia marcescens secondary to late‐onset empyema Post‐Cardiac surgery in an End‐Stage renal disease patient on peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Sasi Sreethish , Faraj Hazem , Barazi Raja , Kolleri Jouhar , Chitrambika P. , Rahman Al Maslamani Muna A. , Ali Maisa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEndogenous bacterial endophthalmitis results from bacterial seeding of the eye during bacteremia. A diagnosis of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis requires clinical findings such as vitritis or hypopyon along with positive blood cultures. Serratia marcescens is the second most common pathogen causing hospital‐acquired ocular infections. This report describes a case of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis caused by S. marcescens in an older adult with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) on peritoneal dialysis, who had late‐onset pleural empyema secondary to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). A 61‐year‐old gentleman presented with a two‐day history of cloudy vision, black floaters, pain, swelling, and gradual vision loss in his right eye. There was no history of trauma, ocular surgeries, or previous similar episodes. He had myocardial infarction treated with CABG 3 months back. Examination showed a 3 mm hypopyon in the anterior chamber. He had classic signs of endophthalmitis with positive blood cultures for S. marcescens. He was treated with high‐dose intravenous meropenem and intravitreal ceftazidime without vitrectomy. Endophthalmitis progressed to complete vision loss in his right eye, requiring evisceration. Endophthalmitis caused by S. marcescens is rare, but long‐term outcomes can be severe, causing complete vision loss in about 60% of the patients. It is usually hospital‐acquired, and the source can be late‐onset empyema several months after cardiac surgery, in an immunocompromised patient. Systemic antibiotics should be supplemented with intravitreal agents with or without pars plana vitrectomy.
Conductive Polymers‐Confined Metal‐Organic Frameworks with Enhanced Activity for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Fang Xinzuo , Lei Sheng , Feng Zhiwei , Ou Junfei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhotocatalytic CO2 reduction to valuable fuels is highly desirable to alleviate global warming and energy crisis. Herein, a stable aluminum‐porphyrin metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) named Al−PMOF, with wide spectral response, is selected as platforms for the construction of efficient photocatalyst to convert CO2 into CO. To enhance the activity of pristine Al−PMOF, highly active reaction sites are introduced through metallization of the porphyrin linkers with Cu2+. Furthermore, the polymerization of pyrrole in the channel of MOFs is also performed to improve the electron conductivity and narrow the band gap. The polypyrrole offers the conductive network to transfer the light‐generated electrons and thus enhances the efficient charge separation. The calculated electronic density of states based on the density functional theory (DFT) further prove the electron interaction between the polypyrrole and the MOFs, which benefit the enhancement of photocatalytic performance of Al−PMOF.
The Tunable and Efficient Nanoporous CuAg Alloy Catalysts Toward Methanol Oxidation Reaction Synthesized by Electrochemical Dealloying of Metallic Glassy Precursors
Authors: Yang Lan , Li Hanyu , Han Lingyi , Liu Shantang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) nanoporous CuAg (NPCuAg) alloy catalysts with various Cu/Ag ratios are prepared by electrochemical dealloying of metallic glassy (MG) precursors. All dealloyed samples exhibit homogenous nanoporous structure and element composition distribution. After systematically evaluating their electrocatalytic performance toward MOR, it was found that the catalytic activity of the NPCuAg catalysts is enhanced along with the increase of Cu/Ag ratio, which may be attributed to the more exposed active reaction sites derived from high surface area of nanoporous structure and the optimal synergistic effect. Thus, the NPCu1.75Ag alloy catalyst presents the best methanol electro‐oxidation properties, including a high current density of 397.2 mA cm−2 and good operation stability that retaining 84.5 % catalytic activity even after 7200 s. These results outperform most reported copper‐based MOR catalysts in alkaline methanol solution. Considering these advantages, the designed electrodes are expected to be promising catalysts for alkaline DMFCs applications.
Substituent and Solvent Effect Studies of N‐Alkenylnitrone 4π Electrocyclizations**
Authors: Alonso Laura , Shevlin Michael , Alshreimi Abdullah S. , Reidl Tyler W. , Wink Donald J. , Anderson Laura L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe roles of substituent and solvent effects in promoting the 4π electrocyclization of N‐alkenylnitrones to give azetidine nitrones have been investigated by experimental examination of relative rates, activation energies, and linear free energy relationships. These transformations are synthetically important because they favor the formation of a strained heterocyclic ring with imbedded functionality and stereochemical information for versatile derivatization. Mechanistic investigations, including Hammett studies, solvent‐dependent Eyring studies, and solvent isotope effects, provide insight into the steric and electronic factors that control these electrocyclizations and identify trends that can be used to advance this approach towards the rapid synthesis of complex azetidines.
Early intervention in myelofibrosis and impact on outcomes: A pooled analysis of the COMFORT‐I and COMFORT‐II studies
Authors: Verstovsek Srdan , Kiladjian Jean‐Jacques , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Mesa Ruben A. , Squier Peg , Hamer‐Maansson J. E. , Harrison Claire 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn a pooled analysis of the phase 3 Controlled Myelofibrosis Study With Oral JAK Inhibitor Treatment I (COMFORT‐I) and COMFORT‐II clinical trials, adult patients with intermediate‐2 or high‐risk myelofibrosis who received oral ruxolitinib at randomization or after crossover from placebo or best available therapy (BAT) had improved overall survival (OS).MethodsThis post hoc analysis of pooled COMFORT data examined relevant disease outcomes based on the disease duration (≤12 or >12 months from diagnosis) before ruxolitinib initiation.ResultsThe analysis included 525 patients (ruxolitinib: ≤12 months, n = 84; >12 months, n = 216; placebo/BAT: ≤12 months, n = 66; >12 months, n = 159); the median age was 65.0–70.0 years. Fewer thrombocytopenia and anemia events were observed among patients who initiated ruxolitinib treatment earlier. At Weeks 24 and 48, the spleen volume response (SVR) was higher for patients who initiated ruxolitinib earlier (47.6% vs. 32.9% at Week 24, p = .0610; 44.0% vs. 26.9% at Week 48, p = .0149). In a multivariable analysis of factors associated with spleen volume reduction, a logistic regression model that controlled for confounding factors found that a significantly greater binary reduction was observed among patients with shorter versus longer disease duration (p = .022). At Week 240, OS was significantly improved among patients who initiated ruxolitinib earlier (63% [95% CI, 51%‒73%] vs. 57% [95% CI, 49%‒64%]; hazard ratio, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.01‒2.31; p = .0430). Regardless of disease duration, a longer OS was observed for patients who received ruxolitinib versus those who received placebo/BAT.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that earlier ruxolitinib initiation for adult patients with intermediate‐2 and high‐risk myelofibrosis may improve clinical outcomes, including fewer cytopenia events, durable SVR, and prolonged OS.Plain Language Summary

Patients with myelofibrosis, a bone marrow cancer, often do not live as long as the general population. These patients may also have an enlarged spleen and difficult symptoms such as fatigue.

Two large clinical trials showed that patients treated with the drug ruxolitinib lived longer and had improved symptoms compared to those treated with placebo or other standard treatments.

Here it was examined whether starting treatment with ruxolitinib earlier (i.e., within a year of diagnosis) provided benefits versus delaying treatment.

Patients who received ruxolitinib within a year of diagnosis lived longer and experienced fewer disease symptoms than those whose treatment was delayed.
Meso‐substituted Metalloporphyrin‐based Composites for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reactions
Authors: Yuan Rui , George Stennard Leetroy , Chen Jun , Wu Qilong , Qiu Xinping , Zhao Long 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMetalloporphyrins have been regarded as one of the most promising electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) due to their ease of structure modification and the robust coordinated M−N4 environment. However, the electrocatalytic activity, selectivity and stability of the metalloporphyrin‐based composite catalysts are often reported to be much poorer than those of the Pt‐based materials, arousing researchers to devote to exploring a thorough understanding of the relationship between the catalyst structures and ORR performance/mechanisms. Here we will review the design ofmeso‐positioned porphyrin structures from the aspects of selection of central metal ion species in both monometallic and bimetallic molecules, and modulation of peripheral functional substituents to introduce beneficial effects, including electron affinity, steric effects, interfacial charge states and proton management. Influences from different carbon materials as the support for composite catalysts as well as the electrolytes on oxygen reduction properties will be briefly illustrated before presenting the perspectives and insights for future works in conclusion remarks. We hope that this Review will serve as a roadmap for advancing the insights of the molecular structural and substrate morphological factors impacting ORR properties with the ultimate goal of developing and improving novel metalloporphyrins as efficient and durable electrocatalysts to champion the precious Pt/C.