bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subsection NB—Class 1 Components
Authors: Basavaraju Chakrapani , Lambin Jason 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the structural limits in Section III NB and Section VIII Division 2 as related to specific structural failure modes considered applicable to pressure vessel and piping design. The rules and requirements for Section III NB and Section VIII Division 2 are based on the design-by-analysis philosophy addressing specific structural failure modes of structural collapse, rupture, instability, fatigue, and progressive deformation. The chapter begins with a discussion on the interactions between materials, environments, mechanical, and thermal loads as aided by other disciplines since this is critical for every part of every pressure vessel design. It provides a brief history of development of Code analytic tools and discusses the use of elastic 3D finite element analysis (FEA) results and the application of elastic-plastic (EP)-FEA. The chapter then discusses the intent of the primary stress limits in the Code. Consideration is given to the definitions in the Code and the discussion in the Criteria document. The chapter then addresses why the primary-plus-secondary stress intensity range is necessary and shows how to apply it. Two procedures for calculating stress intensity are presented, and the impact of thermal stresses is discussed for definition and application. The chapter also discusses six areas in which the Code presents fundamental procedures and expands on these fundamentals by presenting guidelines for a singular view of acceptable procedures that are consistent with the original intent for Section III and consistent with the current rules. Finally, it comments on the elastic-plastic FEA methods to protect against plastic collapse, to determine protection against local failure, and to assess fatigue and ratchet limits.

History
Tom Ahl was the original author of this chapter for the first edition. Marcus N. Bressler updated this chapter for the second and third editions. Chakrapani Basavaraju updated this chapter for the fourth, fifth and sixth editions. The current online edition has been updated by Chakrapani Basavaraju and Jason Lambin.
Online arts and culture for mental health in young people: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Syed Sheriff Rebecca , Bergin Laura , Bonsaver Laura , Riga Evgenia , O’Dell Bessie , Adams Helen , Glogowska Margaret 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesThis study aimed to understand young people’s perception of the potential utility of arts and culture, focusing on online access, for supporting their mental health.DesignA qualitative interview study.SettingOnline.ParticipantsParticipants were selected by purposeful sampling from an online survey of arts and culture for mental health and well-being.MethodIndividual semi-structured interviews were conducted from 30 July 2020 to 9 September 2020. Rich interview data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsThirteen participants aged 18–24 who were socio-demographically diverse and varied in their use of online arts and culture (OAC) and in their level of psychological distress were interviewed. Six themes, ‘Characteristics of other activities’, ‘Online engagement’, ‘Human connection’, ‘Mechanisms of impact’, ‘Mental health outcomes’ and ‘Engagement optimisation’, were identified along with subthemes. Participants identified that online engagement had some advantages over in-person engagement and benefits were greater with familiarity and regular use. Participants described that human connection was the feature of OAC most likely to benefit mental health and emphasised the importance of representation. Mechanisms included improving perspective, reflection, learning, escapism, creativity, exploration and discovery. Outcomes were described as the disruption of negative thought patterns, lifting of mood and increased feelings of calm and proactivity.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that young people have a critical level of insight and understanding regarding their mental health and ways in which it might be improved. These findings can be used to optimise the mental health benefits of OAC in an engaging and acceptable way for young people. These methodologies could be applied to other types of community resources for mental health.
Feasibility of a multidisciplinary Transitional Pain Service in spine surgery patients to minimise opioid use and improve perioperative outcomes: a quality improvement study
Authors: Tierney Sarah , Magnan Marie-Claude , Zahrai Amin , McIsaac Daniel , Poulin Patricia , Stratton Alexandra 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionSpine surgery patients have high rates of perioperative opioid consumption, with a chronic opioid use prevalence of 20%. A proposed solution is the implementation of a Transitional Pain Service (TPS), which provides patient-tailored multidisciplinary care. Its feasibility has not been demonstrated in spine surgery. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a TPS programme in patients undergoing spine surgery.MethodsPatients were recruited between July 2020 and November 2021 at a single, tertiary care academic centre. Success of our study was defined as: (1) enrolment: ability to enrol ≥80% of eligible patients, (2) data collection: ability to collect data for ≥80% of participants, including effectiveness measures (oral morphine equivalent (OME) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)-perceived analgesic management and overall health) and programme resource requirements measures (appointment attendance, 60-day return to emergency and length of stay), and (3) efficacy: estimate potential programme effectiveness defined as ≥80% of patients weaned back to their intake OME requirements at programme discharge.ResultsThirty out of 36 (83.3%) eligible patients were enrolled and 26 completed the TPS programme. The main programme outcomes and resource measures were successfully tracked for >80% of patients. All 26 patients had the same or lower OME at programme discharge than at intake (intake 38.75 mg vs discharge 12.50 mg; p<0.001). At TPS discharge, patients reported similar overall health VAS (pre 60.0 vs post 70.0; p=0.14), improved scores for VAS-perceived analgesic management (pre 47.6 vs post 75.6; p<0.001) and improved Brief Pain Inventory pain intensity (pre 39.1 vs post 25.0; p=0.02).ConclusionOur feasibility study successfully met or exceeded our three main objectives. Based on this success and the defined clinical need for a TPS programme, we plan to expand our TPS care model to include other surgical procedures at our centre.
Frailty in asthma-COPD overlap: a cross-sectional study of association and risk factors in the NHANES database
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Wen Jingli , Gu Shujun , Zhang Lixi , Qi Xu 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundAsthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO) is a condition characterised by the simultaneous presence of features of both asthma and COPD. The study aims to investigate the association between ACO and frailty among middle-aged and elderly populations, and identify the risk factors for frailty in individuals with ACO.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study with 34 403 eligible participants (aged ≥40 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2018 cycles. Participants were stratified into four groups: ACO, asthma, COPD and non-asthma/COPD. Frailty assessment was based on frailty index, generating frail and non-frail group. Univariate and multivariate survey-weighted logistic regression analysis were used to determine the association between ACO and frailty, and to identify the risk factors for frailty in ACO.ResultsThe frailty prevalence in participants with ACO was 60.2%, significantly higher than that in those with asthma (32.3%) and COPD (40.6%). In the unadjusted model, participants with ACO exhibited six-fold higher odds of frailty (OR 6.30, 95% CI 5.29 to 7.49), which was significantly greater than those with COPD (OR 2.84, 95% CI 2.46 to 3.28) and asthma (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.80 to 2.18), using the non-asthma/COPD group as a reference. After adjusting for all confounders, participants with ACO had over four times higher odds of frailty (OR 4.48, 95% CI 3.53 to 5.71), still higher than those with asthma and COPD. The findings remained robust in sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Furthermore, hypertension, cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease and cognitive disorders were identified as risk factors for frailty among ACO participants, while higher income and education levels were protective factors.ConclusionPatients (aged ≥40 years) with ACO were at a higher risk of frailty, regardless of age or sex, compared with those with asthma or COPD alone. Greater attention should be paid to patients with ACO, regardless of their age.
Laser light propagation in a turbid medium: solution including multiple scattering effects
Authors: Stamnes Knut , Li Wei , Stamnes Snorre , Hu Yong , Zhou Yingzhen , Chen Nan , Fan Yongzhen , Hamre Børge , Lu Xiaomei , Huang Yuping , Weimer Carl , Lee Jennifer , Zeng Xubin , Stamnes Jakob 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We have shown that solutions to the radiative transfer equation for a homogeneous slab yield a zenith radiance reflectance that for collimated beam incidence in the nadir direction can be expressed in terms of the lidar ratio, defined as the extinction coefficient divided by the 180$$^\circ $$

∘

backscattering coefficient. The recently developed QlblC method, which allows one to quantify layer-by-layer contributions to radiances emerging from a slab illuminated with a collimated beam of radiation, was used to show explicitly that in the single-scattering approximation the attenuated backscatter coefficient estimated by the new QlblC method gives the same result as the lidar equation. Originally developed for the continuous wave (CW) lidar problem, we have extended the new QlblC method to apply to the pulsed lidar problem. A specific example is provided to illustrate the challenge encountered for ocean property retrievals from space observations due to the fact that a very significant fraction of the signal is due to aerosol scattering/absorption; typically only about 10% (or less) comes from the ocean.

Graphical abstract
Total power deficit estimation for isolated power system network using H∞ norm method
Authors: Saifuzam Jamri Mohd , Nizam Kamarudin Muhammad , Mohd Jamil Mohd Luqman , Iqbal Zakaria Muhammad 
Published: June 2023

An isolated electrical network with an independent local distributed generator is very sensitive towards the contingencies between load demand and supply. Although the network system has less complexity in term of structure, its stability condition is crucial due to its stand-alone operating condition. Hence, to monitor the stability of the network, total power deficit is the only variable that can be estimated. This study proposed to utilize the filtering problem to design an estimator that can estimate the total power deficiency. For verification, the design estimator was tested under two cases which are nominal case and parameter uncertainty case. In nominal case, the system parameters are assumed to be known while in parameter uncertainty case the system has contaminated with uncertain parameter where its admissible value is laying in a given polytope. With complying the linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraint, the main objective function of the norm was guaranteed with minimum upper bound. The results show that the dynamical behaviors of designed estimator successfully trace the actual power deficit signal at steady state with minimal estimation error.
The performance of a multilevel multifunctional solar inverter under various control methods
Authors: M. Shukla Darshni , Zaveri Naimish , Sutikno Tole 
Published: June 2023

Photovoltaic (PV) inverters are now supposed to provide additional supporting services with more reliability and efficiency. This paper presents three different control methods for generating reference current in a multifunctional, multilevel grid-tied PV inverter for harmonic, reactive, and unbalance compensation. These methods are the synchronous reference frame (SRF) theory (d-q), the instantaneous reactive power (IRP) theory (p-q), and the conservative power theory (CPT). As a result, the primary goal is to propose a low-cost multifunctional solar invert for distributed generation, with an appropriate prototype developed in the laboratory for experimental validation of various modes of operation. Demonstrated results show that the presented inverter is capable of providing various ancillary services with all three types of control.
Novel annular seven tooth antenna compare its gain and return loss with circular patch antenna for mobile navigation
Authors: Meganathan Raja , Rengaraj Saravanakumar 
Published: June 2023

The aim of the study involves the design of a novel annular seven tooth antenna and comparing its gain, return loss with a circular patch. Totally 38 samples are considered for the analysis which is obtained using the G power tool by fixing the pretrained power and the error rate as 0.811 and 0.051 respectively. The total 38 samples are grouped into two namely novel annular seven tooth antenna with 19 samples and circular patch with 19 samples. The performance of the antennas is analyzed using return loss and gain. The design of novel annular seven tooth antenna produced a high gain of 7.7 dB which is more significant than the gain of circular patch antennas (CPA) for navigation application. It is found that the gain, return loss of the designed novel annular seven tooth antenna is 7.7 dB, -18.1 dB. The gain and return loss of the novel annular seven tooth antenna is improved and it is compared with circular patch. It is more significant as it has a p value less than 0.05.
The Effects of Global Value Chain on Export Survival
Authors: Doan Ngoc Thang , Le Thanh Ha 
Published: June 2023

This article uses panel data with 6,743 country-year observations to investigate the effects of participation in the global value chain (GVC) on export survival rate for the period 2005–2014. GVC participation is measured as the value addition embedded in exports, looking both backward and forward from a reference country. The empirical results show that both backward and forward linkages have positive effects on the chance of export survival; these effects are persistent and increasing over time, and they become more pronounced when taking the endogeneity issue into account. On the policy front, the preceding findings suggest that governments should implement policies to upgrade a country to GVC integration in order to enhance the sustainability of exports. JEL Codes: F10, F14, C41
Comprehensive pharmacological geriatric assessment compared to usual care in an older adult with cancer in the absence of polypharmacy
Authors: Walsh Darren J , Sahm Laura J , O’Driscoll Michelle , Tabb Eoin , Hannan Michelle , Horgan Anne M 
Published: June 2023

Introduction Medication reconciliation as part of a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment by a specialist pharmacist is a process that has been shown to be beneficial in terms of medication adherence in patients taking oral anticancer medication and potentially cost-effective in cancer patients. Medication review guidelines in older adults with cancer suggest using polypharmacy (≥ 5 medications) as an indication for medication review in older adults with cancer. Case report We present a case where a medication review as part of a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in the absence of polypharmacy resulted in two pharmacist interventions when standard care resulted in no intervention. A 71-year-old male prescribed capecitabine for rectal cancer had a medication reconciliation done as standard care before starting an oral anticancer medication. He then proceeded to get a medication review as part of a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment and was deemed to have a potentially excessive anticholinergic burden and underprescribed gastro protection. This case is interesting as it occurred in a patient who would not have met the current inclusion criteria for a medication review as part of a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment. Management and outcome As a result of the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, a letter was written to the patient's general practitioner, recommending a change to anti-depressant therapy to optimise anticholinergic burden, as well as introducing a proton-pump inhibitor upon completion of the Capecitabine protocol concurrent with radiotherapy, to confer gastro-protection against the antidepressant medication, as per the START criteria. Upon discharge from medical oncology, neither of the changes had been adopted by the patient's general practitioner. This highlights one of the challenges facing clinical pharmacists in an outpatient setting, where evidence-based recommendations are not always implemented as care transitions from tertiary to primary care. Conclusion Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment is a process that identifies potential issues in older adults with cancer that aren’t identified with standard medication review. This is also evident for medication reviews as part of a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, and where resources allow, and recommendations are likely to be accepted, it should be offered to all older adults with cancer. Pharmacists are still faced with challenges in implementing recommendations from medication reviews, particularly in healthcare systems where pharmacist prescribing has yet to be introduced.
Correlations of Placental Histopathology, Neonatal Outcome, and Cardiotocogram Baseline Variability and Acceleration Patterns in the Growth Restricted Preterm Population
Authors: Dankó István , Kelemen Edit , Tankó András , Cserni Gábor 
Published: June 2023

Objective: To evaluate the possible connections of cardiotocography (CTG) signs with neonatal outcome and placental histopathology between growth restricted preterms. Materials and Methods: Placental slides, baseline variability, and acceleration patterns of cardiotocograms, and neonatal parameters were studied retrospectively. Placental histopathological changes were diagnosed according to the Amsterdam criteria; percentage of intact terminal villi and capillarization of villi were also studied. 50 cases were analyzed: 24 were early-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR), 26 were late-onset FGR. Results: Reduced baseline variability was related to poor neonatal outcome; lack of accelerations similarly had associations with poor outcomes. Maternal vascular malperfusion, avascular villi, VUE, and chorangiosis were more common in the background of reduced baseline variability and absence of accelerations. Lower percentage of intact terminal villi was significantly associated with lower umbilical artery pH, higher lactate levels, and reduced baseline variability on CTG; absence of accelerations was correlated with decreased capillarization of terminal villi. Conclusions: Baseline variability and absence of accelerations seem to be useful and reliable markers in predicting poor neonatal outcome. Maternal and fetal vascular malperfusion signs, decreased capillarization, and lower percentage of intact villi in placenta could contribute to pathologic CTG signs and poor prognosis.
A differential detailed diffusion-weighted imaging-ASPECTS for cerebral infarct volume measurement and outcome prediction
Authors: Suzuki Kentaro , Liebeskind David S , Nishi Yuji , Kutsuna Akihito , Katano Takehiro , Sakamoto Yuki , Saito Tomonari , Aoki Junya , Matsumoto Noriko , Nishiyama Yasuhiro , Kimura Kazumi 
Published: June 2023

Background: Diffusion-weighted imaging-Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (DWI-ASPECTS) has been used to estimate infarct core volume in acute stroke. However, the same and indiscriminate score deduction for punctate or confluent DWI high-intensity lesion might lead to variation in performance. Aims: To develop and evaluate a differential detailed DWI-ASPECTS method in comparison with the conventional DWI-ASPECTS in core infarct volume measurement and clinical outcome prediction. Methods: We retrospectively recruited patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated with endovascular treatment between April 2013 and October 2019. In differential detailed DWI-ASPECTS, restricted diffusion lesion that was punctate or less than half of a cortical region (M1–M6) would not lead to subtraction of point. A favorable outcome was modified Rankin Scale score ⩽2 at 90 days after stroke onset. Results: Among 298 AIS patients, mean age was 75 years (interquartile range (IQR) 67–82), and 194 patients (65%) were males. Mean infarct core volume was 11 mL (IQR 3–37). Overall, the score by detailed DWI-ASPECTS was significantly higher than conventional DWI-ASPECTS (8 (7–9) vs. 7 (5–9); P < 0.01). The detailed DWI-ASPECTS resulted in a higher correlation coefficient (r) for core infarct volume estimation than the conventional DWI-ASPECTS (r = 0.832 vs. 0.773; P < 0.01). Upon re-classification of those scored ⩽6 in conventional DWI-ASPECTS (n = 134) by detailed DWI-ASPECTS, the rate of favorable outcome in patients with detailed DWI-ASPECTS >6 was significantly higher than those with ⩽6 (29 (48%) vs. 14 (19%); P < 0.01). Conclusions: Detailed DWI-ASPECTS appeared to provide a more accurate infarct core volume measurement and clinical outcome correlation than conventional DWI-ASPECTS among AIS patients treated with endovascular therapy.
Diabetic ketoacidosis in a patient known with Gitelman syndrome
Authors: Nielsen Ida Ringsing , Skat-Rørdam Patricia Almine , Jensen Ivan Werner 
Published: June 2023

Summary Gitelman syndrome is a rare hereditary nephropathy, which causes chronic metabolic alkalosis with low potassium and magnesium levels. There is no known coherence between Gitelman syndrome and Type-1 diabetes but patients with both diseases that develop diabetic ketoacidosis might present with normal acid status and receive incorrect treatment. In our case report the patient was known with both diseases and quickly diagnosed and treated but the condition is rare and previously only described in two other case reports.
Vincristine-Induced Acrocyanosis and Erythema Pernio
Authors: Middleton Hayden T. , Boswell Christopher L. , Houwink Elisa J. , Allen-Rhoades Wendy A. , Kuhn Alexis K. , Wright Jessica A. 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Acrocyanosis and erythema pernio are 2 dermatologic manifestations of vasospastic changes. Primary care providers should consider that these conditions can occur as primary or idiopathic conditions and as secondary conditions related to another disease or medication. Herein we describe a case of acrocyanosis and erythema pernio attributed to vincristine therapy. Case Description: A 22-year-old man was evaluated for discomfort and red lesions involving the toes of both feet for several weeks. He had completed chemotherapy 1 month earlier for Ewing sarcoma in the right femur. Local control for the primary tumor included wide local excision and reconstruction with a vascularized fibular allograft from the right fibula. On examination, his right foot was dark blue and cool. Toes on both feet had nonpainful erythematous papules. After the case was discussed with the patient’s oncology team, the diagnosis was medication-induced acrocyanosis of the right foot and bilateral erythema pernio. Treatment consisted of supportive care to keep the feet warm and promote circulation to the feet. At 2-week follow-up, the patient’s symptoms and the appearance of his feet had markedly improved. Discussion: Primary care clinicians should be able to recognize dermatologic manifestations of vasospastic changes, including acrocyanosis and erythema pernio, and rule out possible secondary causes, such as pharmacologic agents. This patient’s history of therapy for Ewing sarcoma prompted consideration of medication-induced vasospastic changes most likely related to the adverse vasospastic effects of vincristine. Symptoms should improve with cessation of the offending medication.