bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Tricuspid Regurgitation With Outcome in Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Cocianni Daniele , Stolfo Davide , Perotto Maria , Contessi Stefano , Barbisan Davide , Savonitto Giulio , Rizzi Jacopo Giulio , Barbati Giulia , Merlo Marco , Altinier Alessandro , Sinagra Gianfranco 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:
Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is common in chronic heart failure (HF) and is associated with negative prognosis. However, evidence on prognostic implications of TR in acute HF is lacking. We sought to investigate the association between TR and mortality and the interaction with pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients admitted for acute HF.

METHODS:
We enrolled 1176 consecutive patients with a primary diagnosis of acute HF and with available noninvasive estimation of TR and pulmonary arterial systolic pressure.

RESULTS:

Moderate-severe TR was present in 352 patients (29.9%) and was associated with older age and more comorbidities. The prevalence of PH (ie, pulmonary arterial systolic pressure >40 mm Hg), right ventricular dysfunction, and mitral regurgitation was higher in moderate-severe TR. At 1 year, 184 (15.6%) patients died. Moderate-severe TR was associated with higher 1-year mortality risk after adjustment for other echocardiographic parameters (pulmonary arterial systolic pressure, left ventricle ejection fraction, right ventricular dysfunction, mitral regurgitation, left and right atrial indexed volumes; hazard ratio, 1.718;
P
=0.009), and the association with outcome was maintained when clinical variables (eg, natriuretic peptides, serum creatinine and urea, systolic blood pressure, atrial fibrillation) were added to the multivariable model (hazard ratio, 1.761;
P
=0.024). The association between moderate-severe TR and outcome was consistent in patients with versus without PH, with versus without right ventricular dysfunction, and with versus without left ventricle ejection fraction <50%. Patients with coexistent moderate-severe TR and PH had 3-fold higher 1-year mortality risk compared with patients with no TR or PH (hazard ratio, 3.024;
P
<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
In patients hospitalized for acute HF, the severity of TR is associated with 1-year survival, regardless of the presence of PH. The coexistence of moderate-severe TR and estimated PH was associated with a further increase in mortality risk. Our data must be interpreted in the context of potential underestimation of pulmonary arterial systolic pressure in patients with severe TR.
Nontargeted Metabolomics Revealed Novel Association Between Serum Metabolites and Incident Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Qiu Gaokun , Lin Yuhui , Ouyang Yang , You Mingrong , Zhao Xinjie , Wang Hao , Niu Rundong , Li Wending , Xu Xuedan , Yan Qi , Liu Yurong , Li Yingmei , Yang Handong , Li Xiulou , He Meian , Zhang Xiaomin , Shu Xiao‐Ou , Xu Guowang , Wu Tangchun 
Published: June 2023

Background
This study was performed to identify metabolites associated with incident acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and explore causality of the associations.

Methods and Results

We performed nontargeted metabolomics in a nested case‐control study in the Dongfeng‐Tongji cohort, including 500 incident ACS cases and 500 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Three metabolites, including a novel one (aspartylphenylalanine), and 1,5‐anhydro‐
d
‐glucitol (1,5‐AG) and tetracosanoic acid, were identified as associated with ACS risk, among which aspartylphenylalanine is a degradation product of the gut‐brain peptide cholecystokinin‐8 rather than angiotensin by the angiotensin‐converting enzyme (odds ratio [OR] per SD increase [95% CI], 1.29 [1.13–1.48]; false discovery rate–adjusted
P
=0.025), 1,5‐AG is a marker of short‐term glycemic excursions (OR per SD increase [95% CI], 0.75 [0.64–to 0.87]; false discovery rate–adjusted
P
=0.025), and tetracosanoic acid is a very‐long‐chain saturated fatty acid (OR per SD increase [95% CI], 1.26 [1.10–1.45]; false discovery rate–adjusted
P
=0.091). Similar associations of 1,5‐AG (OR per SD increase [95% CI], 0.77 [0.61–0.97]) and tetracosanoic acid (OR per SD increase [95% CI], 1.32 [1.06–1.67]) with coronary artery disease risk were observed in a subsample from an independent cohort (152 and 96 incident cases, respectively). Associations of aspartylphenylalanine and tetracosanoic acid were independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors (
P
‐trend=0.015 and 0.034, respectively). Furthermore, the association of aspartylphenylalanine was mediated by 13.92% from hypertension and 27.39% from dyslipidemia (
P
<0.05), supported by its causal links with hypertension (
P
<0.05) and hypertriglyceridemia (
P
=0.077) in Mendelian randomization analysis. The association of 1,5‐AG with ACS risk was 37.99% mediated from fasting glucose, and genetically predicted 1,5‐AG level was negatively associated with ACS risk (OR per SD increase [95% CI], 0.57 [0.33–0.96],
P
=0.036), yet the association was nonsignificant when further adjusting for fasting glucose.

Conclusions
These findings highlighted novel angiotensin‐independent involvement of the angiotensin‐converting enzyme in ACS cause, and the importance of glycemic excursions and very‐long‐chain saturated fatty acid metabolism.
Eligibility for the 4 Pharmacological Pillars in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction at Discharge
Authors: D'Amario Domenico , Rodolico Daniele , Delvinioti Agni , Laborante Renzo , Iacomini Chiara , Masciocchi Carlotta , Restivo Attilio , Ciliberti Giuseppe , Galli Mattia , Paglianiti Antonio Donato , Iaconelli Antonio , Zito Andrea , Lenkowicz Jacopo , Patarnello Stefano , Cesario Alfredo , Valentini Vincenzo , Crea Filippo 
Published: June 2023

Background
Guidelines recommend using multiple drugs in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction, but there is a paucity of real‐world data on the simultaneous initiation of the 4 pharmacological pillars at discharge after a decompensation event.

Methods and Results
A retrospective data mart, including patients diagnosed with HF, was implemented. Consecutively admitted patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction were selected through an automated approach and categorized according to the number/type of treatments prescribed at discharge. The prevalence of contraindications and cautions for HF with reduced ejection fraction treatments was systematically assessed. Logistic regression models were fitted to assess predictors of the number of treatments (≥2 versus <2 drugs) prescribed and the risk of rehospitalization.
A population of 305 patients with a first episode of HF hospitalization and a diagnosis of HF with reduced ejection fraction (ejection fraction, <40%) was selected. At discharge, 49.2% received 2 current recommended drugs, β‐blockers were prescribed in 93.4%, while a renin‐angiotensin system inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor was prescribed in 68.2%. A mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist was prescribed in 32.5%, although none of the patients showed contraindications to mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist prescription. A sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor could be prescribed in 71.1% of patients. On the basis of current recommendations, 46.2% could receive the 4 foundational drugs at discharge. Renal dysfunction was associated with <2 foundational drugs prescribed. After adjusting for age and renal function, use of ≥2 drugs was associated with lower risk of rehospitalization during the 30 days after discharge.

Conclusions
A quadruple therapy could be directly implementable at discharge, potentially providing prognostic advantages. Renal dysfunction was the main prevalent condition limiting this approach.
Persistence and Adherence to Cardiovascular Medicines in Australia
Authors: de Oliveira Costa Juliana , Lin Jialing , Pearson Sallie‐Anne , Buckley Nicholas A. , Schaffer Andrea L. , Falster Michael O. 
Published: June 2023

Background
The burden of cardiovascular disease is increasing, with many people treated for multiple cardiovascular conditions. We examined persistence and adherence to medicines for cardiovascular disease treatment or prevention in Australia.

Methods and Results
Using national dispensing claims for a 10% random sample of people, we identified adults (≥18 years) initiating antihypertensives, statins, oral anticoagulants, or antiplatelets in 2018. We measured persistence to therapy using a 60‐day permissible gap, and adherence using the proportion of days covered up to 3 years from initiation, and from first to last dispensing. We reported outcomes by age, sex, and cardiovascular multimedicine use. We identified 83 687 people initiating antihypertensives (n=37 941), statins (n=34 582), oral anticoagulants (n=15 435), or antiplatelets (n=7726). Around one‐fifth of people discontinued therapy within 90 days, with 50% discontinuing within the first year. Although many people achieved high adherence (proportion of days covered ≥80%) within the first year, these rates were higher when measured from first to last dispensing (40.5% and 53.2% for statins; 55.6% and 80.5% for antiplatelets, respectively). Persistence was low at 3 years (17.5% antiplatelets to 37.3% anticoagulants). Persistence and adherence increased with age, with minor differences by sex. Over one‐third of people had cardiovascular multimedicine use (reaching 92% among antiplatelet users): they had higher persistence and adherence than people using medicines from only 1 cardiovascular group.

Conclusions
Persistence to cardiovascular medicines decreases substantially following initiation, but adherence remains high while people are using therapy. Cardiovascular multimedicine use is common, and people using multiple cardiovascular medicines have higher rates of persistence and adherence.
Pericytes Are Not Associated With Reduced Capillary Perfusion After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Schwarting Julian , Nehrkorn Katrin , Harapan Biyan Nathanael , Balbi Matilde , Terpolilli Nicole A. , Plesnila Nikolaus 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is characterized by an acute reduction of cerebral blood flow and subsequent cortical infarcts, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Since pericytes regulate cerebral perfusion on the capillary level, we hypothesize that pericytes may reduce cerebral perfusion after SAH.

METHODS:
Pericytes and vessel diameters of cerebral microvessels were imaged in vivo using NG2 (neuron-glial antigen 2) reporter mice and 2-photon microscopy before and 3 hours after sham surgery or induction of SAH by perforating the middle cerebral artery with an intraluminal filament. Twenty-four hours after, SAH pericyte density was assessed by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS:
SAH caused pearl-string-like constrictions of pial arterioles, slowed down blood flow velocity in pial arterioles by 50%, and reduced the volume of intraparenchymal arterioles and capillaries by up to 70% but did not affect pericyte density or induce capillary constriction by pericytes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results suggest that perfusion deficits after SAH are not induced by pericyte-mediated capillary constrictions.
Individual Alpha Frequency Contributes to the Precision of Human Visual Processing
Authors: Tarasi Luca , Romei Vincenzo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Brain oscillatory activity within the alpha band has been associated with a wide range of processes encompassing perception, memory, decision-making, and overall cognitive functioning. Individual alpha frequency (IAF) is a specific parameter accounting for the mean velocity of the alpha cycling activity, conventionally ranging between ∼7 and ∼13 Hz. One influential hypothesis has proposed a fundamental role of this cycling activity in the segmentation of sensory input and in the regulation of the speed of sensory processing, with faster alpha oscillations resulting in greater temporal resolution and more refined perceptual experience. However, although several recent theoretical and empirical studies would support this account, contradictory evidence suggests caution and more systematic approaches in the assessment and interpretation of this hypothesis. For example, it remains to be explored to what degree IAF shapes perceptual outcomes. In the present study, we investigated whether inter-individual differences in bias-free visual contrast detection threshold in a large sample of individuals in the general population (n = 122) could be explained by inter-individual differences in alpha pace. Our results show that the contrast needed to correctly identify target stimuli (individual perceptual threshold) is associated with alpha peak frequency (not amplitude). Specifically, individuals who require reduced contrast show higher IAF than individuals requiring higher contrasts. This suggests that inter-individual differences in alpha frequency contribute to performance variability in low-level perceptual tasks, supporting the hypothesis that IAF underlies a fundamental temporal sampling mechanism that shapes visual objective performance, with higher frequencies promoting enhanced sensory evidence per time unit.
From the Tian Shan to Crimea: Dynamics of Plague Spread during the Early Stages of the Black Death, 1338–46
Authors: Slavin Philip 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The present paper aims to reconstruct tentative ways, in which the Black Death (the first wave of the Second Plague Pandemic) spread from its now-established home in the Tian Shan region to Western Eurasia between c.1338/41 and 1346. On the basis of all the available evidence—textual, palaeogenetic, archaeological, topographic, numismatic and palaeoclimatalogical—the article argues for two phases of the plague spread: (1) the slow phase of c.1338/41–45, hindered by political and commercial crises in the Mongol Empire, but especially the Chaghadaid khanate, as well as by local environmental conditions and (2) the fast phase of 1345–6, once the plague reached the territories of the Golden Horde. As it will be argued, commercial networks, both long-distance and local, across long-distance trade routes (so-called ‘Silk Roads’) played a paramount role in facilitating the spread of the plague. Although not claiming to have solved the mystery of the westbound plague spread, the paper aims to provide a first full-scale study of this kind, raising new research questions and forming a starting point for future research.
From nestling to adult: personality traits are consistent within but not across life stages in a wild songbird
Authors: Katsis Andrew C. , Common Lauren K. , Hauber Mark E. , Colombelli-Négrel Diane , Kleindorfer Sonia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Personality traits can remain consistent throughout adult life, but it is less clear when these behavioural differences first arise and whether they are maintained across ontogenetic stages. We measured personality across three life stages (nestling, fledgling, and adult) in a wild population of superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus). We assessed (1) boldness (response to human handling, at all three stages), (2) exploration (response to a novel environment, in fledglings and adults) and (3) aggressiveness (response to mirror-image stimulation, in fledglings and adults). Personality differences were often consistent within life stages but never across them: specifically, aggressiveness was repeatable in fledglings and all three traits were repeatable in adults. We had insufficient statistical evidence for the presence of behavioural syndromes between any of our three personality traits, either at the fledgling or adult stages. Our results suggest that long-term personality traits may not become entrenched until adulthood in this species.
Can you Hear me? Problematising the Enactment of uncrc Article 12 in Welsh Early Years Classrooms
Authors: Chicken Sarah , Tyrie Jacky 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper explores teacher enactment of the uncrc Article 12, a child’s right to participate and give their view within the context of Welsh early years settings (children aged three to seven). A rights-based perspective is adopted in which children are positioned as agentic and active meaning makers.
Qualitative data was generated via observations, interviews and documentary analysis with data from three teachers presented here. Findings suggest that teachers’ enactment of a participation was complex and shaped by particular constructions of children and associated understandings of teachers’ role. Children’s voice and agency were bounded by place, time and teacher expectations of children. Whilst some practices appeared to limit opportunities for children’s voice, children often subtly took back control from teachers, thus demonstrating children as agentic beings. In order fully to actualise a children’s right agenda within Welsh settings, we call for a reconceptualisation of constructions of children and subsequent constructions of teachers.
“The Child Needs to Tell it to Me in Words”
Authors: Ramaswamy Sheila , Devgun Meetali , Seshadri Shekhar , Bunders-Aelen Joske 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Much research on child witnesses in child sexual abuse trials is focused on children’s performance in legal proceedings. Witness competency, that is predicated on the adversarial justice system’s principle of orality, is core to child witness testimony, and is determined at the pre-trial stage. However, this article highlights the need to consider child witness competency as a dynamic concept, that varies in response to the ecologies of the trial processes as they unfold. Set in a low-middle-income country, this qualitative study describes and analyzes trial processes through a child-inclusive lens, identifying barriers and facilitators to child witness competency. The results were mixed, yielding three major conclusions for consideration: (i) the importance attributed to physical infrastructure, and the creation of vulnerable deposition rooms; (ii) the role of judicial discretion in issues of child witness competency and (iii) role of intermediaries, with regard to enhancing child witness competencies.
Carbon Border Adjustments: A Legal Tool for Mitigation or a Barrier to Justice?
Authors: Deane Felicity , Brockett Callum 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
For the past two decades scholars and policymakers have argued that carbon border adjustments (cbas) may remove the risk of carbon leakage. This article examines two of the legal and moral issues relevant to cbas to better understand how cbas may be implemented to support climate change mitigation goals. World Trade Organization compliance represents a conundrum for policymakers. Although a cba may prove meaningful for greenhouse gas emission reduction, it could also lead to trade tensions if viewed as a disguised restriction on international trade. The impact of cbas on Global South nations also presents a concern in terms of fairness and climate justice. In this respect, in addition to undesirable economic impacts, it is increasingly accepted that support must be provided to least-developed countries in order to achieve global net-zero emission targets. cbas do not necessarily provide this. Ultimately, there are pathways forward to ensure that trade tensions are minimized and fairness and equity are achieved in implementing cbas. As action on climate change mitigation is urgent, this pathway forward must be carefully but rapidly navigated.
Robustness of the Stochastic Parameterization of Subgrid-Scale Wind Variability in Sea Surface Fluxes
Authors: Endo Kota , Monahan Adam H. , Bessac Julie , Christensen Hannah M. , Weitzel Nils 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
High-resolution numerical models have been used to develop statistical models of the enhancement of sea surface fluxes resulting from spatial variability of sea surface wind. In particular, studies have shown that flux enhancement is not a deterministic function of the resolved state. Previous studies focused on single geographical areas or used a single high-resolution numerical model. This study extends the development of such statistical models by considering six different high-resolution models, four different geographical regions, and three different 10-day periods, allowing for a systematic investigation of the robustness of both the deterministic and stochastic parts of the data-driven parameterization. Results indicate that the deterministic part, based on regressing the unresolved normalized flux onto resolved-scale normalized flux and precipitation, is broadly robust across different models, regions, and time periods. The statistical features of the stochastic part of the model (spatial and temporal autocorrelation and parameters of a Gaussian process fit to the regression residual) are also found to be robust and not strongly sensitive to the underlying model, modeled geographical region, or time period studied. Best-fit Gaussian process parameters display robust spatial heterogeneity across models, indicating potential for improvements to the statistical model. These results illustrate the potential for the development of a generic, explicitly stochastic parameterization of sea surface flux enhancements dependent on wind variability.
Evaluation of an Improved AROME Configuration for Fog Forecasts during the SOFOG3D Campaign
Authors: Antoine Salomé , Honnert Rachel , Seity Yann , Vié Benoît , Burnet Frédéric , Martinet Pauline 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper evaluates fog forecasts of a new AROME configuration dedicated to fog thanks to observations of the recent field campaign SOuth westFOGs 3Dimensions (SOFOG3D). This new configuration takes advantage of an upgraded horizontal and vertical resolution of a two-moment microphysical scheme [Liquid Ice Multiple Aerosols (LIMA)], and of the inclusion of a parameterization of the droplet’s deposition onto vegetation. A statistical study conducted over the 6 months of the SOFOG3D field campaign allowed the evaluation of the quality of fog forecasts produced by this new configuration to compare it to the current operational configuration of AROME. The main findings are as follows: the new configuration forecasts more fog events, with a few more false alarms, but improved the amount of fog events with low top height and with a low water content, underestimated by the reference configuration. The importance of the first level height for a good representation of the first few meters above the ground is crucial to improve the fog formation forecast. A delay of fog dissipation in the morning was highlighted in operational simulations and slightly reduced thanks to LIMA. This two-moment scheme produced thinner fogs, with less water content. These are more realistic, compared with observations, and thinner fog is also easier for solar radiation to dissipate.