bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations in gliomas: A review of current understanding and trials
Authors: Sharma Nikhil , Mallela Arka N , Shi Diana D , Tang Lilly W , Abou-Al-Shaar Hussam , Gersey Zachary C , Zhang Xiaoran , McBrayer Samuel K , Abdullah Kalil G 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is a key enzyme in normal metabolism and homeostasis. However, mutant forms of IDH are also defining features of a subset of diffuse gliomas. In this review, we highlight current techniques targeting IDH-mutated gliomas and summarize current and completed clinical trials exploring these strategies. We discuss clinical data from peptide vaccines, mutant IDH (mIDH) inhibitors, and PARP inhibitors. Peptide vaccines have the unique advantage of targeting the specific epitope of a patient’s tumor, inducing a highly tumor-specific CD4+ T-cell response. mIDH-inhibitors, on the other hand, specifically target mutant IDH proteins in cancer cell metabolism and thus help halt gliomagenesis. We also explore PARP inhibitors and their role in treating diffuse gliomas, which exploit IDH-mutant diffuse gliomas by allowing the persistence of unrepaired DNA complexes. We summarize various completed and current trials targeting IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in diffuse gliomas. Therapies targeting mutant IDH have significant promise in treating progressive or recurrent IDH-mutant gliomas and may significantly change treatment paradigms in the next decade.
Institutions, trade, and development: identifying the impact of country-specific characteristics on international trade
Authors: Beverelli Cosimo , Keck Alexander , Larch Mario , Yotov Yoto V 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We quantify the impact of country-specific institutions on international trade and development in a structural gravity framework. The econometric analysis offers robust evidence that stronger institutions promote trade. A counterfactual analysis reveals that the changes in institutional quality in the poor countries in our sample between 1996 and 2006 have had, via their impact on imports from rich countries, significant and heterogeneous welfare effects, varying between −2% and 5%. Our approach is readily applicable to identifying the impact of any country-specific variable on international trade in the structural gravity framework.
Two interacting ethylene response factors negatively regulate peach resistance to Lasiodiplodia theobromae
Authors: Zhang Dongmei , Zhu Kaijie , Shen Xingyi , Meng Jian , Huang Xue , Tan Yuqi , Cardinale Francesca , Liu Jihong , Li Guohuai , Liu Junwei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Gummosis is 1 of the most common and destructive diseases threatening global peach (Prunus persica) production. Our previous studies have revealed that ethylene and methyl jasmonate enhance peach susceptibility to Lasiodiplodia theobromae, a virulent pathogen inducing gummosis; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. Here, 2 ethylene response factors (ERFs), PpERF98 and PpERF1, were identified as negative regulators in peach response to L. theobromae infection. Expression of 2 putative paralogs, PpERF98-1/2, was dramatically induced by ethylene and L. theobromae treatments and accumulated highly in the gummosis-sensitive cultivar. Silencing of PpERF98-1/2 increased salicylic acid (SA) content and pathogenesis-related genes PpPR1 and PpPR2 transcripts, conferring peach resistance to L. theobromae, whereas peach and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants overexpressing either of PpERF98-1/2 showed opposite changes. Also, jasmonic acid markedly accumulated in PpERF98-1/2-silenced plants, but reduction in PpPR3, PpPR4, and PpCHI (Chitinase) transcripts indicated a blocked signaling pathway. PpERF98-1 and 2 were further demonstrated to directly bind the promoters of 2 putative paralogous PpERF1 genes and to activate the ERF branch of the jasmonate/ethylene signaling pathway, thus attenuating SA-dependent defenses. The lesion phenotypes of peach seedlings overexpressing PpERF1-1/2 and PpERF98-1/2 were similar. Furthermore, PpERF98-1/2 formed homodimers/heterodimers and interacted with the 2 PpERF1 proteins to amplify the jasmonate/ethylene signaling pathway, as larger lesions were observed in peach plants cooverexpressing PpERF98 with PpERF1 relative to individual PpERF98 overexpression. Overall, our work deciphers an important regulatory network of ethylene-mediated peach susceptibility to L. theobromae based on a PpERF98-PpERF1 transcriptional cascade, which could be utilized as a potential target for genetic engineering to augment protection against L. theobromae-mediated diseases in crops and trees.
Highly efficient cell-microbead encapsulation using dielectrophoresis-assisted dual-nanowell array
Authors: Tian Zuyuan , Yuan Zhipeng , Duarte Pedro A , Shaheen Mohamed , Wang Shaoxi , Haddon Lacey , Chen Jie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Recent advancements in micro/nanofabrication techniques have led to the development of portable devices for high-throughput single-cell analysis through the isolation of individual target cells, which are then paired with functionalized microbeads. Compared with commercially available benchtop instruments, portable microfluidic devices can be more widely and cost-effectively adopted in single-cell transcriptome and proteome analysis. The sample utilization and cell pairing rate (∼33%) of current stochastic-based cell–bead pairing approaches are fundamentally limited by Poisson statistics. Despite versatile technologies having been proposed to reduce randomness during the cell–bead pairing process in order to statistically beat the Poisson limit, improvement of the overall pairing rate of a single cell to a single bead is typically based on increased operational complexity and extra instability. In this article, we present a dielectrophoresis (DEP)-assisted dual-nanowell array (ddNA) device, which employs an innovative microstructure design and operating process that decouples the bead- and cell-loading processes. Our ddNA design contains thousands of subnanoliter microwell pairs specifically tailored to fit both beads and cells. Interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) are placed below the microwell structure to introduce a DEP force on cells, yielding high single-cell capture and pairing rates. Experimental results with human embryonic kidney cells confirmed the suitability and reproducibility of our design. We achieved a single-bead capture rate of &gt;97% and a cell–bead pairing rate of &gt;75%. We anticipate that our device will enhance the application of single-cell analysis in practical clinical use and academic research.
What They Have but Also Who They Are: Avarice, Elitism, and Public Support for Taxing the Rich
Authors: Kane John V , Newman Benjamin J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Scholarship evaluating public support for redistribution has emphasized that stereotypical perceptions of low-income people inform citizens’ willingness to redistribute wealth to the poor. Less understood, however, is the extent to which stereotypical perceptions of high-income people lead to greater willingness to raise taxes on high-income individuals. These perceptions likely involve resource-based considerations (i.e., what rich people have). However, following recent scholarship, perceptions of the wealthy may also involve more fundamental, trait-based considerations (i.e., who the rich are as people). In this Research Note, we isolate causal effects, utilizing conjoint experiments, of both resource-based and character-based attributes of the rich on support for taxing wealthy people. We find evidence that two character traits—avarice and elitism—significantly increase support for raising taxes on wealthy individuals, and this pattern appears to be the case even among groups generally opposed to redistribution (e.g., Republicans and conservatives). We conclude that, while resource-based considerations remain important, the scholarly literature on redistribution may also benefit from a deeper understanding of the trait-based foundations of public attitudes toward taxing the wealthy.
Mutual Efficacy, Self-Efficacy, and Collective Efficacy Theory: An Examination of Empowerment and Activism
Authors: Gearhart Michael C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Empowerment refers to the ways in which individuals and groups gain greater control over their lives. To date, the majority of studies focus on empowerment at the individual level. Further, research typically focuses on how to make people feel empowered and not how communities exercise their power. The present study utilizes collective efficacy, a community-level theory, to explore community characteristics that may empower individuals to engage in household activism, and communities to participate in neighborhood activism. The findings suggest that mutual efficacy and social cohesion are key drivers of participation in both household and neighborhood activism. Self-efficacy is associated with household activism only. Findings suggest that it is important to use individual-level skill-building opportunities as a method for fostering a collective identity and train community members to recruit others. In addition, community-building initiatives are more likely to result in activism if they focus on building mutual efficacy in the community.
The role of tissue biomechanics in the implantation and performance of inflatable penile prostheses: current state of the art and future perspective
Authors: Bose Shirsha , Fereidoonnezhad Behrooz , Akbarzadeh Khorshidi Majid , Watschke Brian , Mareena Evania , Nolan Daragh , Cooney Sean , Cullen Ivor M , Lally Caitríona 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionErectile dysfunction (ED) affects to some degree approximately 52% of the male population aged 40–70 years. Many men do not respond to, or are precluded from using, pharmaceutical treatments for ED and are therefore advised to consider penile prostheses. Different types of penile prosthesis are available, such as inflatable penile prostheses (IPPs). IPPs consist of a pair of inflatable cylinders inserted into the corpora cavernosa (CC). During inflation/deflation of these cylinders, the CC and other surrounding tissues such as the tunica albuginea (TA) are highly impacted. Therefore, it is critical to understand the mechanics of penile tissues for successful implantation of IPPs and to reduce tissue damage induced by IPPs.ObjectivesWe explored the importance of the biomechanics of penile tissues for successful IPP function and reviewed and summarized the most significant studies on penile biomechanics that have been reported to date.MethodsWe performed an extensive literature review of publications on penile biomechanics and IPP implantation.ResultsIndenters have been used to characterize the mechanical behavior of whole penile tissue; however, this technique applied only local deformation, which limited insights into individual tissue components. Although one reported study addressed the mechanical behavior of TA, this investigation did not consider anisotropy, and there is a notable absence of biomechanical studies on CC and CS. This lack of understanding of penile tissue biomechanics has resulted in computational models that use linear-elastic materials, despite soft tissues generally exhibiting hyperelastic behavior. Furthermore, available benchtop/synthetic models do not have tissue properties matched to those of the human penis, limiting the scope of these models for use as preclinical testbeds for IPP testing.ConclusionImproved understanding of penile tissue biomechanics would assist the development of realistic benchtop/synthetic and computational models enabling the long-term performance of IPPs to be better assessed.
Increasing Information Content and Diagnosability in Family-Level Classifications
Authors: Kuntner Matjaž , Čandek Klemen , Gregorič Matjaž , Turk Eva , Hamilton Chris A , Chamberland Lisa , Starrett James , Cheng Ren-Chung , Coddington Jonathan A , Agnarsson Ingi , Bond Jason E 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Higher-level classifications often must account for monotypic taxa representing depauperate evolutionary lineages and lacking synapomorphies of their better-known, well-defined sister clades. In a ranked (Linnean) or unranked (phylogenetic) classification system, discovering such a depauperate taxon does not necessarily invalidate the rank classification of sister clades. Named higher taxa must be monophyletic to be phylogenetically valid. Ranked taxa above the species level should also maximize information content, diagnosability, and utility (e.g., in biodiversity conservation). In spider classification, families are the highest rank that is systematically catalogued, and incertae sedis is not allowed. Consequently, it is important that family-level taxa be well defined and informative. We revisit the classification problem of Orbipurae, an unranked suprafamilial clade containing the spider families Nephilidae, Phonognathidae, and Araneidae sensu stricto. We argue that, to maximize diagnosability, information content, conservation utility, and practical taxonomic considerations, this “splitting” scheme is superior to its recently proposed alternative, which lumps these families together as Araneidae sensu lato. We propose to redefine Araneidae and recognize a monogeneric spider family, Paraplectanoididae fam. nov. to accommodate the depauperate lineage Paraplectanoides. We present new subgenomic data to stabilize Orbipurae topology which also supports our proposed family-level classification. Our example from spiders demonstrates why classifications must be able to accommodate depauperate evolutionary lineages, for example, Paraplectanoides. Finally, although clade age should not be a criterion to determine rank, other things being equal, comparable ages of similarly ranked taxa do benefit comparative biology. [Classification, family rank, phylogenomics, systematics, monophyly, spider phylogeny.]
An update on treatments for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Patel Suhani Janak , Sadowski Catherine K. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is less common than primary hypertension or diabetes but should be considered as a possible cause of end-stage renal disease, especially in young patients without comorbidities. Because of ADPKD's nonspecific symptoms, the diagnosis, treatment, and pertinent patient education may be delayed. This article describes ADPKD and its management, including tolvaptan, a new treatment with the potential to reduce or delay morbidity. However, only a subset of patients qualifies for this expensive treatment.
Suicide and homicide deaths of PAs
Authors: Robiner William N. , Dorzinski Collin A. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This study describes physician associate/assistant (PA) deaths in the US CDC's National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) from 2003 to 2020.

Methods:
PAs' violent deaths were analyzed and summarized in terms of decedents' numbers and demographics, methods of death, locations of death, and relationships with assailants.

Results:
The NVDRS identified 93 suicides and 9 homicides in this period. PAs who died by suicide were mostly White (93.5%) and male (67.7%); mean age was 49.7 years. A third of the PAs who died by homicide were Black; most were female (55.6%), and the mean age was 48.7 years. Firearms (41.7%) were most commonly involved in deaths by suicide, and blunt impact (33.3%) was most commonly seen in deaths by homicide. A plurality (46.1%) of suicides and homicides occurred in the South. Homes (72.5%) were the most frequent location. No homicides were reported in medical settings. Known perpetrators were mainly relatives and male; none were patients.

Conclusions:
Incidence of PA death by suicide or homicide is low relative to the general population. These deaths generally are not related to PAs' work. Delineating the incidence of violent deaths is a step toward informing preventive efforts.
Therapeutic Effect of Argatroban During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Streptokinase During Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in a Porcine Model of Prolonged Cardiac Arrest
Authors: VanZalen Jensyn J. , Harvey Stephen , Hála Pavel , Phillips Annie , Nakashima Takahiro , Gok Emre , Tiba Mohamad Hakam , McCracken Brendan M. , Hill Joseph E. , Liao Jinhui , Jung Joshua , Mergos Joshua , Stacey William C. , Bartlett Robert H. , Hsu Cindy H. , Rojas-Peña Alvaro , Neumar Robert W. 
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE:
Prolonged cardiac arrest (CA) causes microvascular thrombosis which is a potential barrier to organ reperfusion during extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that early intra-arrest anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and thrombolytic therapy during ECPR improve recovery of brain and heart function in a porcine model of prolonged out-of-hospital CA.

DESIGN:
Randomized interventional trial.

SETTING:
University laboratory.

SUBJECTS:
Swine.

INTERVENTIONS:
In a blinded study, 48 swine were subjected to 8 minutes of ventricular fibrillation CA followed by 30 minutes of goal-directed CPR and 8 hours of ECPR. Animals were randomized into four groups (n = 12) and given either placebo (P) or argatroban (ARG; 350 mg/kg) at minute 12 of CA and either placebo (P) or streptokinase (STK, 1.5 MU) at the onset of ECPR.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Primary outcomes included recovery of cardiac function measured by cardiac resuscitability score (CRS: range 0–6) and recovery of brain function measured by the recovery of somatosensory-evoked potential (SSEP) cortical response amplitude. There were no significant differences in recovery of cardiac function as measured by CRS between groups (p = 0.16): P + P 2.3 (1.0); ARG + P = 3.4 (2.1); P + STK = 1.6 (2.0); ARG + STK = 2.9 (2.1). There were no significant differences in the maximum recovery of SSEP cortical response relative to baseline between groups (p = 0.73): P + P = 23% (13%); ARG + P = 20% (13%); P + STK = 25% (14%); ARG + STK = 26% (13%). Histologic analysis demonstrated reduced myocardial necrosis and neurodegeneration in the ARG + STK group relative to the P + P group.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this swine model of prolonged CA treated with ECPR, early intra-arrest anticoagulation during goal-directed CPR and thrombolytic therapy during ECPR did not improve initial recovery of heart and brain function but did reduce histologic evidence of ischemic injury. The impact of this therapeutic strategy on the long-term recovery of cardiovascular and neurological function requires further investigation.
Sounding the Alarm: What Clinicians Need to Know about Physical, Emotional, and Cognitive Recovery After Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation*
Authors: Higa Kelly C. , Mayer Kirby , Quinn Christopher , Jubina Lindsey , Suarez-Pierre Alejandro , Colborn Kathryn , Jolley Sarah E. , Enfield Kyle , Zwischenberger Joseph , Sevin Carla M. , Rove Jessica Y. 
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE:
We summarize the existing data on the occurrence of physical, emotional, and cognitive dysfunction associated with postintensive care syndrome (PICS) in adult survivors of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO).

DATA SOURCES:
MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases were searched.

STUDY SELECTION:
Peer-reviewed studies of adults receiving VA-ECMO for any reason with at least one measure of health-related quality of life outcomes or PICS at long-term follow-up of at least 6 months were included.

DATA EXTRACTION:
The participant demographics and baseline characteristics, in-hospital outcomes, long-term health outcomes, quality of life outcome measures, and prevalence of PICS were extracted.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
Twenty-seven studies met inclusion criteria encompassing 3,271 patients who were treated with VA-ECMO. The studies were limited to single- or two-center studies. Outcomes variables and follow-up time points evaluated were widely heterogeneous which limits comprehensive analysis of PICS after VA-ECMO. In general, the longer-term PICS-related outcomes of survivors of VA-ECMO were worse than the general population, and approaching that of patients with chronic disease. Available studies identified high rates of abnormal 6-minute walk distance, depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder that persisted for years. Half or fewer survivors return to work years after discharge. Only 2 of 27 studies examined cognitive outcomes and no studies evaluated cognitive dysfunction within the first year of recovery. No studies evaluated the impact of targeted interventions on these outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Survivors of VA-ECMO represent a population of critically ill patients at high risk for deficits in physical, emotional, and cognitive function related to PICS. This systematic review highlights the alarming reality that PICS and in particular, neurocognitive outcomes, in survivors of VA-ECMO are understudied, underrecognized, and thus likely undertreated. These results underscore the imperative that we look beyond survival to focus on understanding the burden of survivorship with the goal of optimizing recovery and outcomes after these life-saving interventions. Future prospective, multicenter, longitudinal studies in recovery after VA-ECMO are justified.
Recent advances of osteoimmunology research in rheumatoid arthritis: From single-cell omics approach
Authors: Hu Nan , Wang Jing , Ju Bomiao , Li Yuanyuan , Fan Ping , Jin Xinxin , Kang Xiaomin , Wu Shufang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cellular immune responses as well as generalized and periarticular bone loss are the key pathogenic features of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Under the pathological conditions of RA, dysregulated inflammation and immune processes tightly interact with skeletal system, resulting in pathological bone damage via inhibition of bone formation or induction of bone resorption. Single-cell omics technologies are revolutionary tools in the field of modern biological research.They enable the display of the state and function of cells in various environments from a single-cell resolution, thus making it conducive to identify the dysregulated molecular mechanisms of bone destruction in RA as well as the discovery of potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Here, we summarize the latest findings of single-cell omics technologies in osteoimmunology research in RA. These results suggest that single-cell omics have made significant contributions to transcriptomics and dynamics of specific cells involved in bone remodeling, providing a new direction for our understanding of cellular heterogeneity in the study of osteoimmunology in RA.