bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐coding RNAs and colitis‐associated cancer: Mechanisms and clinical applications
Authors: Gu Yijie , Zhao Haizhou , Zheng Lu , Zhou Chentao , Han Ye , Wu Airong , Jia Zhenyu , Xia Tingting , Zhi Qiaoming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundColitis‐associated cancer (CAC) is one of the most severe complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which has caused a worse survival rate in IBD patients. Although the exact aetiology and pathogenesis of CAC are not completely elucidated, evidence indicates that non‐coding RNAs are closely involved and play a key role.MethodsThis review aims to summarise the major findings of non‐coding RNAs in the development of CAC and present the potential mechanistic links between non‐coding RNAs and CAC pathogenesis. The results show that non‐coding RNAs can hinder DNA mismatch repair proteins and obstruct chromosome passenger complexes to increase microsatellite instability and accumulate chromosomal instability, respectively. The data also suggest that DNA promoter methylation or RNA methylation modifications of non‐coding RNA are the main mechanisms to regulate oncogene or tumour suppressor expression during the CAC progression. Other factors, including gut microbiota perturbations, immune dysregulation and barrier dysfunction, are also regulated and influenced by non‐coding RNAs. Besides, non‐coding RNAs as molecular managers are associated with multiple critical signalling pathways governing the initiation, progression and metastasis of CAC, including the janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB), extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), Wnt/β‐catenin and phosphatidylinositol 3‐Kinase/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathways. In addition, non‐coding RNAs can be detected in colon tissues or blood, and their aberrant expressions and diagnostic and prognostic roles are also discussed and confirmed in CAC patients.ConclusionsIt is believed that a deepening understanding of non‐coding RNAs in CAC pathogenesis may prevent the progression to carcinogenesis, and will offer new effective therapies for CAC patients.
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin from Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell.: Purification, fractionation, and enzyme inhibition
Authors: Chen Limei , Chen Wuxi , Li Demao , Liu Xiumin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell. is a rich source of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins with confirmed health benefits. Individual cyanidin glucosides (cyanidin 3‐galactoside, cyanidin 3‐arabinoside, cyanidin 3‐xyloside, and cyanidin 3‐glucoside) of anthocyanins (calculated by individual cyanin glycoside fractions was 419.9 mg/100 g FW) were isolated by Sephadex LH‐20 column and different parts of proanthocyanidins with a different mean degree of polymerization (mDP) were fractionated by the solubility differences in different solvents. The composition of different mDP of proanthocyanidins was as follows: monomers (1.51%), oligomer (mDP of 4.2 ± 0.9, 20.57%), CPP‐50 (mDP of 78.9 ± 4.1, 22.17%), CPP‐60 (mDP of 66.1 ± 1.2, 27.94%), CPP‐70 (mDP of 36.8 ± 3.9, 36.8%), CPP‐75 (mDP of 25.2 ± 1.3, 6.14%), CPP‐L (mDP of 10.2 ± 2.6, 6.95%), and there were recycling loss of 0.34%. Cyanidin 3‐glucoside showed the strongest inhibition effects on α‐amylase and lipase and cyanidin 3‐arabinoside showed the strongest inhibition effect on α‐glucosidase, while cyanidin 3‐xyloside has no inhibition effect on the α‐amylase, and cyanidin 3‐galactoside, cyanidin 3‐arabinoside, and cyanidin 3‐xyloside have no inhibition effects on lipase. The inhibition effect of proanthocyanidins with different mDP to the enzymes all showed high negative correlations between the mDP and IC50 (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration). This study suggests that A. melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell. can have beneficial effects due to inhibition of the digestion enzyme.
Effects of free and encapsulated Siah‐e‐Samarghandi grape seed extract on the physicochemical, textural, microbial, and sensorial properties of UF‐Feta cheese
Authors: Sekhavatizadeh Seyed Saeed , Abadariyan Nasim , Ebrahimi Laya , Hasanzadeh Mahboobeh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe current study was conducted to elucidate the impact of grape seed extract (SE) and microencapsulated seed extract (MSE) addition to UF‐Feta cheese. The SE was encapsulated in maize starch, alginate, and canola oil using the emulsion technique. The SE and MSE characteristics were evaluated. The products were subjected to physicochemical (pH, titrable acidity, color, texture, and sensory properties), microbiological analysis (starter count), and lipid oxidation test (proxide, acid degree, and ansidine value) during 60 days of storage. The main phenol component in the SE was catechin (419.04 mg/L), gallic acid (319.63 mg/L), and chlorogenic acid (4.19 ± 0.002 mg/L). The antioxidant value was 157.80 mg/L. The MSE was elliptical in shape with a 24.29 μm diameter. The efficiency of microencapsulation was 53.86%. The addition of SE and MSE had no significant effect on pH and acidity, but lipolysis decreased based on acid degree value (0.7%; p > .05). The increasing trend of peroxide values was 172.54%, 145.68%, and 118.75% for C, SE, and MSE samples, respectively, and 35.68%, 32.28%, and 17.24% for the P‐anisidine values during the storage time. Therefore, fat oxidation was reduced in the supplemented cheese. Nevertheless, the supplemented cheese had limited color alterations. The MSE and SE did not affect the survival rates of the starter count. The SE and MSE had a less rigid structure. The hardness (2748.0 g) and chewiness (57.45 mJ) values in SE cheese had the greatest value among the samples. All sensory parameters were lowest in MSE cheese. In short, encapsulation showed suitable properties for SE to apply in UF‐Feta cheese.
Fates of Emitted Particles Depending on Mask Wearing Using an Approach Validated Across Spatial Scales
Authors: Baumann André , Hoch Dennis , Niessner Jennifer 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe spread of emitted potentially virus‐laden aerosol particles is known to be highly dependent on whether a mask is worn by an infected person and on the emission scenario, i.e., whether the person is coughing, speaking, or breathing. The aim of this work is to investigate in detail the fates of particles emitted by a person wearing a perfectly fitting, a naturally fitted mask with leakage, and no mask depending on the emission scenario. Therefore, a two‐scale numerical workflow is proposed where parameters are carried through from a micro‐scale where the fibers of the mask filter medium and the aerosol particles are resolved to a macro‐scale and validated by comparison to experimental measurements of fractional filtration efficiency and pressure drop of the filter medium as well as pressure drop of the mask. It turns out that masks reduce the number of both emitted and inhaled particles significantly even with leakage. While without a mask, the person opposite of an infected person is generally at the highest risk of being infected, a mask worn by an infected person speaking or coughing will deflect the flow leading to the fact that the person behind the infected person might inhale the largest number of aerosol particles.
Deoxyhypusine hydroxylase: A novel therapeutic target differentially expressed in short‐term vs long‐term survivors of glioblastoma
Authors: Ofek Paula , Yeini Eilam , Arad Gali , Danilevsky Artem , Pozzi Sabina , Luna Christian Burgos , Dangoor Sahar Israeli , Grossman Rachel , Ram Zvi , Shomron Noam , Brem Henry , Hyde Thomas M. , Geiger Tamar , Satchi‐Fainaro Ronit 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGlioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive neoplasm of the brain. Poor prognosis is mainly attributed to tumor heterogeneity, invasiveness and drug resistance. Only a small fraction of GB patients survives longer than 24 months from the time of diagnosis (ie, long‐term survivors [LTS]). In our study, we aimed to identify molecular markers associated with favorable GB prognosis as a basis to develop therapeutic applications to improve patients' outcome. We have recently assembled a proteogenomic dataset of 87 GB clinical samples of varying survival rates. Following RNA‐seq and mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomics analysis, we identified several differentially expressed genes and proteins, including some known cancer‐related pathways and some less established that showed higher expression in short‐term (<6 months) survivors (STS) compared to LTS. One such target found was deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH), which is known to be involved in the biosynthesis of hypusine, an unusual amino acid essential for the function of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A), which promotes tumor growth. We consequently validated DOHH overexpression in STS samples by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. We further showed robust inhibition of proliferation, migration and invasion of GB cells following silencing of DOHH with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or inhibition of its activity with small molecules, ciclopirox and deferiprone. Moreover, DOHH silencing led to significant inhibition of tumor progression and prolonged survival in GB mouse models. Searching for a potential mechanism by which DOHH promotes tumor aggressiveness, we found that it supports the transition of GB cells to a more invasive phenotype via epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related pathways.
The social drama of digital multimodal composing: A case study with emergent bi/multilingual newcomer students
Authors: Michalovich Amir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis multi‐year, ethnographic, qualitative case study in English Language Learning classrooms contributes a unique analysis of nine adolescent newcomer students' investment in a digital multimodal composing (DMC) project as a social drama. Using reflexive thematic analysis, it explores the following possibilities afforded by in‐school, dramaturgically structured DMC processes for the students' investment in classroom learning: (1) changing the definition of the situation, (2) supporting students' impression management to gain social and cultural capital, and (3) creating bonds of reciprocal dependence and familiarity. The study helps language and literacy researchers, educators, and teacher educators better understand emergent bi/multilingual newcomer students' investment in DMC processes through the sociological perspective of dramaturgy, suggesting how DMC might deepen learning while valuing the assets of culturally, linguistically, and racially diverse newcomer students.
The generalist CEO pay premium and CEO risk aversion
Authors: Zbib Leila , Asare Kwadwo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe investigate whether and how managerial risk aversion influences the structuring of the generalist pay premium. We use three candidate variables for managerial risk aversion: the CEO's equity portfolio vega, decision horizon, and wealth. We find that equity‐based pay differs between generalist CEOs (who have broader experience spanning several industries) and non‐generalist CEOs (who tend to have narrower, specialized industry‐specific experience) based on their risk appetite. Further, how the generalist pay premium is structured depends on the risk aversion measure. Because generalist CEOs tend to be better paid than their counterparts, understanding their risk aversion level will help companies improve the structure of these CEOs’ compensation packages, and ultimately those of all CEOs. When vega is the risk aversion measure, CEOs get compensated for bearing risk. However, generalist CEOs with high vegas suffer a “risk discount” in their compensation. These generalist CEOs are associated with lower cash, equity, and total pay. CEOs with longer decision horizons get more equity and less cash, but this structuring does not extend to the generalist CEOs. Finally, wealthier CEOs get more cash and total pay. However, generalist CEOs who are wealthier get less cash pay.
Acceleration of generalized replica exchange with solute tempering simulations of large biological systems on massively parallel supercomputer
Authors: Jung Jaewoon , Kobayashi Chigusa , Sugita Yuji 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGeneralized replica exchange with solute tempering (gREST) is one of the enhanced sampling algorithms for proteins or other systems with rugged energy landscapes. Unlike the replica‐exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) method, solvent temperatures are the same in all replicas, while solute temperatures are different and are exchanged frequently between replicas for exploring various solute structures. Here, we apply the gREST scheme to large biological systems containing over one million atoms using a large number of processors in a supercomputer. First, communication time on a multi‐dimensional torus network is reduced by matching each replica to MPI processors optimally. This is applicable not only to gREST but also to other multi‐copy algorithms. Second, energy evaluations, which are necessary for the multistate bennet acceptance ratio (MBAR) method for free energy estimations, are performed on‐the‐fly during the gREST simulations. Using these two advanced schemes, we observed 57.72 ns/day performance in 128‐replica gREST calculations with 1.5 million atoms system using 16,384 nodes in Fugaku. These schemes implemented in the latest version of GENESIS software could open new possibilities to answer unresolved questions on large biomolecular complex systems with slow conformational dynamics.
Neurodevelopmental dimensional assessment of young children at high genomic risk of neuropsychiatric conditions
Authors: Chawner Samuel J. R. A. , Paine Amy L. , Dunn Matt J. , Walsh Alice , Sloane Poppy , Thomas Megan , Evans Alexandra , Hopkins‐Jones Lucinda , Struik Siske ,   IMAGINE‐ID consortium, Hall Jeremy , Erichsen Jonathan T. , Leekam Susan R. , Owen Michael J. , Hay Dale , van den Bree Marianne B. M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with 22q11.2 deletion are at considerably increased risk of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions. There have been very few studies investigating how this risk manifests in early childhood and what factors may underlie developmental variability. Insights into this can elucidate transdiagnostic markers of risk that may underlie later development of neuropsychiatric outcomes.MethodsThirty two children with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS) (mean age = 4.1 [SD = 1.2] years) and 12 sibling controls (mean age = 4.1 [SD = 1.5] years) underwent in‐depth dimensional phenotyping across several developmental domains selected as being potential early indicators of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric liability. Comparisons were conducted of the dimensional developmental phenotype of 22q11.2DS and sibling controls. For autistic traits, both parents and children were phenotyped using the Social Responsiveness Scale.ResultsYoung children with 22q11.2DS exhibited large impairments (Hedge's g ≥ 0.8) across a range of developmental domains relative to sibling controls, as well as high rates of transdiagnostic neurodevelopmental and psychiatric traits. Cluster analysis revealed a subgroup of children with 22q11.2DS (n = 16; 53%) in whom neurodevelopmental and psychiatric liability was particularly increased and who differed from other children with 22q11.2DS and non‐carrier siblings. Exploratory analyses revealed that early motor and sleep impairments indexed liability for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric outcomes. Maternal autism trait scores were predictive of autism traits in children with 22q11.2DS (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.47, p = 0.046, n = 31).ConclusionsAlthough psychiatric conditions typically emerge later in adolescence and adulthood in 22q11.2DS, our exploratory study was able to identify a range of early risk indicators. Furthermore, findings indicate the presence of a subgroup who appeared to have increased neurodevelopmental and psychiatric liability. Our findings highlight the scope for future studies of early risk mechanisms and early intervention within this high genetic risk patient group.
Evaluation of an automated response‐independent schedule on the behavioral welfare of shelter dogs
Authors: Fernandez Eduardo J. , Anderson Wes , Kowalski Amanda 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResponse‐independent schedules involve the delivery of an item independent of a response requirement. Often described in the applied behavior analytic literature as “noncontingent reinforcement,” they have also frequently been used to reduce undesired or problematic behaviors. The current study examined the use of an automated response‐independent food schedule on the behaviors and sound levels of shelter dogs. Several dogs were included in a 6‐week reversal design, where a fixed‐time 1 min schedule was compared with a baseline condition. Eleven behaviors were measured, as were two areas of each kennel and the overall and session sound intensity (dB) that occurred during the study. The results demonstrated that the fixed‐time schedule increased overall activity while decreasing inactivity and led to a reduction in the overall sound intensity measured. Session and hour‐to‐hour sound‐intensity data were less clear, suggesting a potential contextual conditioning effect as well as a need for adjusted methods to study shelter sound. The above are discussed in terms of their potential welfare benefits for shelter dogs as well as the translational approach that this and similar research could contribute to the application and functional understanding of response‐independent schedules.
Effect of Ca2+ on 3D printing accuracy and antioxidant efficacy of nano starch‐lutein surimi: mechanical properties, chemical bonds and release rate
Authors: Li Gaoshang , Zhan Junqi , Hu Zhiheng , Huang Jiayin , Xu Enbo , Yuan Chunhong , Chen Jianchu , Yao Qian , Hu Yaqin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDNano starch‐lutein (NS‐L) can be used in three‐dimensional (3D) printed functional surimi. However, the lutein release and printing effect are not ideal. The purpose of this study was to facilitate the function and printing properties of surimi by adding the combination of calcium ion (Ca2+) and NS‐L.RESULTSPrinting properties, lutein release and antioxidation of printed Ca2+‐NS‐L‐surimi were determined. The NS‐L‐surimi with 20 mM kg−1 Ca2+ had the best printing effects (fine accuracy, 99 ± 1%). Compared to NS‐L‐surimi, the structure became denser after adding Ca2+, the gel strength, hardness, elasticity, yield stress (τ), water holding capacity of Ca2+‐NS‐L‐surimi increased by about 17 ± 4%, 3 ± 1%, 9 ± 2%, 20 ± 4%, 40 ± 5% respectively. These enhanced mechanical strength and self‐supporting ability to resist binding deformation and improve printing accuracy. Moreover, salt dissolution and increased hydrophobic force by Ca2+ stimulated protein stretching and aggregation, leading to enhancement of gel formation. Decreased printing effects of NS‐L‐surimi with excessive Ca2+ (> 20 mM kg−1) caused by excessive gel strength and τ, leading to strong extrusion force and low extrudability. Additionally, Ca2+‐NS‐L‐surimi had higher digestibility and lutein release rate (increased from 55 ± 2% to 73 ± 3%), because Ca2+ made NS‐L‐surimi structure porous, which promoted contact of enzyme‐protein. Furthermore, weakened ionic bonds reduced electron binding bondage that combined with released lutein to provide more electrons for enhancing antioxidation.CONCLUSIONCollectively, 20 mM kg−1 Ca2+ could better promote printing process and function exertion of NS‐L‐surimi, facilitating the application of 3D printed functional surimi. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
An efficient method for improving the stability of Monascus pigments using ionic gelation
Authors: Wei Mengru , Zhu Jingjing , Gao Hongshuai , Yao Huanhuan , Zhai Cuiping , Nie Yi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDMonascus pigments (Mps) are easily impacted by heating, pH and light, resulting in degradation. In this study, Mps were encapsulated by the ionic gelation method with sodium alginate (SA) and sodium caseinate (SC), as well as CaCl2 as a crosslinker. The encapsulated Mps SA/SC in four proportions (SA/SC: 1/4, 2/3, 3/2, 4/1, w/w). Then, the encapsulation efficiency and particle size of the SA/SC‐Mps system were evaluated to obtain the optimal embedding conditions. Finally, the effects of heating, pH, light and storage on the stability of non‐capsulated Mps and encapsulated Mps were assessed.RESULTSSA/SC = 2/3 (AC2) had higher encapsulation efficiency (74.30%) of Mps and relatively small particle size (2.02 mm). The AC2 gel beads were chosen for further investigating the stability of encapsulated Mps to heating, pH, light and storage. Heat stability experiments showed that the degradation of Mps followed first‐order kinetics, and the encapsulated Mps had lower degradation rates than non‐capsulated Mps. Encapsulation could reduce the effect of pH on Mps. The effects of ultraviolet light on the stability of Mps were considered, and showed that the retention efficiency of encapsulated Mps was 22.01% higher than that of non‐capsulated Mps on the seventh day. Finally, storage stability was also evaluated under dark refrigerated conditions for 30 days, and the results indicated that encapsulation could reduce the degradation of Mps.CONCLUSIONThis study has proved that AC2 gel beads can improve the stability of Mps. Thus, the ionic gelation method is a promising encapsulation method to improve the stability of Mps. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Near‐Infrared Autofluorescence Identification of Ectopic Parathyroid Lesions
Authors: Abe Kanako , Takahashi Takeshi , Yokoyama Yusuke , Shodo Ryusuke , Ueki Yushi , Yamazaki Keisuke , Horii Arata 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEctopic parathyroid lesions can be difficult to detect. In the present study, we used near‐infrared autofluorescence imaging (NIFI) in three cases of ectopic parathyroid lesions. Our results suggest that NIFI may be a confirmation tool for parathyroid pathology and an intraoperative navigation tool in vivo and ex vivo. Laryngoscope, 134:496–500, 2024
Nanocomposite Hydrogels in Regenerative Medicine: Applications and Challenges
Authors: Chen Weixing , Ming Yue , Wang Min , Huang Mingshu , Liu Hongyu , Huang Yisheng , Huang Zhijie , Qing Ling , Wang Qin , Jia Bo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRegenerative medicine is a highly regarded multidisciplinary field that aims to transform the future of clinical medicine through curative strategies rather than palliative therapies. As an emerging field, the development of regenerative medicine cannot be achieved without multifunctional biomaterials. Among the various bioscaffold materials, hydrogels are one of the materials of interest in bioengineering and medical research because of their similarity to the natural extracellular matrix and good biocompatibility. However, conventional hydrogels have simple internal structures and single cross‐linking modes, which require improvement in a single function and structural stability. Introducing multifunctional nanomaterials into 3D hydrogel networks physically or chemically avoids their disadvantages. Nanomaterials (NMs) are materials in the size range of 1–100 nm with distinct physical and chemical properties that differ from that of the macroscopic size and enable hydrogels to exhibit multifunctionality. Although regenerative medicine and hydrogels have been well researched in their respective fields, the connection between nanocomposite hydrogels (NCHs) and regenerative medicine has not been elaborated. Therefore, this review briefly describes the preparation and design requirements of NCHs and discusses their applications and challenges in regenerative medicine, hoping to clarify the relationship between the two.