bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Pediatric Neurosurgical Cases Managed by General Neurosurgeons: A Retrospective Study from Eastern India
Authors: Acharya Abhijit , Senapati Satya Bhusan , Puppala Sumirini , Mahapatra AK 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background India is home to almost 19% of the world's children. The burden of diseases in the pediatric age group is quite high and is just the tip of the iceberg. In India, there are very few neurosurgeons who deal with cases in the pediatric age group. Most parents avoid surgical management for their child due lack of confidence in the expertise of the neurosurgeon in handling pediatric cases. Many challenges are encountered in the pediatric population during the pre-, intra- and post-operative period.
Objectives The aim of this study is to study the demographic profile and respective outcomes of pediatric neurosurgical cases (below 18 years of age).
Methods A retrospective study of cases over a period of 1.5 years in the Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medical Sciences and Sum Hospital was done. The variables analyzed were age group, sex, diagnosis, elective or emergency, neurological examination, and outcome. Data analysis was done using Version 3.0.2; 2013-09-25 for Statistical Computing (IBM Corporation's SPSS programme, version 27.0, 2020). Literature review was done through the NCBI PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases. Quality of life was assessed by the disability-adjusted life years (DALY) score approved by the World Health Organization.
Results The majority of the patients had significant improvement in achieving milestones with reduced morbidity and one case of mortality.
Conclusion To conclude, we have managed all cases of pediatric age group in a general neurosurgery department with utmost skill and meticulous surgery, with less than 0.1% mortality. In the cases that pertain to low resourced centers, areas, and countries where general neurosurgeons are mandated and obliged to perform pediatric neurosurgical procedures, we general neurosurgeons should take it as a challenge to manage these pediatric cases as our study showed appreciable results although the need for specialized pediatric neurosurgical care cannot be overemphasized.
Prenatal Ultrasound Findings of Circumvallate Placenta and Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Herrera Christina L. , Chu Tina M. , Stanteen Samantha Mendoza , Twichell Elizabeth C. , Cardona Jennifer , McIntire Donald D. , Twickler Diane M. , Spong Catherine Y. 
Published: June 2023

Objective Circumvallate placenta has a suggested association with adverse pregnancy outcomes (antenatal bleeding, placental abruption, preterm birth, emergency cesarean, small for gestational age infants, and stillbirth). The aim was to determine if prenatal diagnosis of circumvallate placenta is associated with these adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Study Design Pregnancies with a singleton gestation prenatally diagnosed with circumvallate placenta between January 1, 2012 and March 31, 2021 were identified. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were obtained. Rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes were compared among those with prenatally diagnosed circumvallate placentas to those without this prenatal diagnosis with a 4:1 control matched group. Pregnancies with known fetal anomalies or other placental abnormalities were excluded. Statistical analyses included Student's t-test and Χ
2 with p < 0.05 considered significant.
Results Prenatal ultrasound findings of circumvallate placenta were seen in 179 pregnant people (0.20% of all anatomic US studies and 0.17% of all deliveries). Diagnosis was made at a mean gestational age of 19.8 ± 2.4 weeks. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were similar between groups.
Conclusion Prenatal ultrasound findings of circumvallate placenta do not correlate with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Given overall good prognosis, prenatal diagnosis of circumvallate placenta may not warrant additional surveillance during pregnancy.
Key Points
Child sexual exploitation and the adoption of public health approaches to prevention: critical reflections on evolving processes and practices
Authors: Weston Samantha , Mythen Gabe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the use of public health approaches to address complex social problems has gained popularity. In England and Wales, the rise in low-volume, high-harm crime has accelerated this shift, with calls for public health interventions to tackle knife-crime, extremism and sexual violence made by politicians, policy-makers, welfare workers and the police service. Notwithstanding such appeals, how public health approaches are both operationalised and impact remain largely unknown. Drawing on findings from a qualitative study focused on the implementation of a specific initiative in the UK designed to reduce the risk of Child Sexual Exploitation (CSE) amongst young people, this article attempts to address tangible gaps in these two key areas of knowledge. Although generally supportive of a public health approach to CSE, an analysis of in-depth interviews with members of a multi-agency team reveals a number of quandaries and thorny issues when implemented within a specific policing and criminal justice context.
Children’s education and parents’ dietary nutrient intake: an empirical study based on rural China
Authors: Wei Ning , Sun Dingqiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper, taking the middle-aged and elderly parents in rural families of China as the subject, studies the impact of children’s education on parents’ dietary nutrient intake. After analyzing the data in China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 2011, this study discovers that China’s rural children’s higher educational level exerts a significant positive impact on the improvement of parents’ food consumption, nutrient intake and diet quality. This indicates that the improvement of rural education can be an effective approach to increase dietary nutrient intake of China’s rural population. The policy implication of this study is to further develop rural basic education, consolidate the coverage of compulsory education, and incorporate nutrition education into national education system.
Manipulation of the multiple bound states in the continuum and slow light effect in the all-dielectric metasurface
Authors: Xie Suxia , Sun Siyi , Li Zhijian , Yang Jingcheng , Shen Weiwei , Guan Xin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
All-dielectric metasurface with ultra-high quality resonances underpinned by bound states in the continuum (BICs) have attracted lots of attention in recent years for they enable new methods of wavefront control and light focusing. We study a metasurface composed of one transverse nanohole (TNs) and two identical vertical nanoholes (VNs) in one lattice, which supports both symmetry-protected and accidental BICs (at-Γ and off-Γ BICs). Based on the destructive interference between the surface states from the TN element and the identical VNs element, two at-Γ BICs emerge, and they turn into quasi-BICs by rotating the electric field polarization direction of the incident plane wave from x to y. The off-Γ BICs come from destructive interference from different radiation channels, which are influenced by the in-plane structural parameters symmetry insignificantly. Two at-Γ BICs and one off-Γ BIC of the metasurface all have ultra-high Q-factors (exceeding 106, 104, and 106, respectively), which means much in the application of biosensors. Especially, this nanostructure has outstanding ultra-slow light properties at BICs, with a group index about 106, which underpin a new generation of flat-optics slow light devices.
Exchange stiffness reduction in Ta substituted NiFe alloys
Authors: Strelkov Nikita , Timopheev Andrey , Cuchet Lea , Dounia Salim , Ducruet Clarisse , Bunyaev Sergey A , Kakazei Gleb N , Childress Jeffrey R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) for memory or sensor applications, insertion of Ta nanolayers at the interface of, or within magnetic layers such as CoFe or NiFe is often employed to enhance the tunneling magnetoresistance, although it also locally reduces the magnetization and modifies the magnetic properties. To properly model the magnetic behavior of such structures, it is important to be able to accurately account for these modifications. In this paper, we investigate experimentally and by means of ab initio calculations, the degradation of magnetic and magneto-dynamic properties of Ni0.81Fe0.19 films doped with small amounts of Ta. Both the calculations and the experiment confirm the expected drop of saturation magnetization parameter with increased Ta doping. It is also found that the exchange stiffness is reduced much faster than the magnetization. Calculations show that the presence of Ta impurities has the greatest effect on the magnetic properties of Ni, the dominant element. For example, the introduction of 10 atomic % Ta reduces the exchange stiffness constant by a factor of 10, while the room temperature magnetization reduces by less than a factor of 3, resulting mainly from a decrease in the Curie temperature from 870 to 420 K. Consequently, the reduction in exchange coupling across Ta nanolayers can significantly modify the detailed magnetic behavior and in particular the propagation of exchange coupling within MTJ multilayers.
Spin-resolved transport of multifunctional C18 molecule-based nanodevices: a first-principles study
Authors: Xiong Songbo , Dong Xiansheng , Xie Luzhen , Guan Zhiyong , Long Mengqiu , Chen Tong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
As is well known, Kasier et al first synthesized a cyclic molecule C18, as characterized by high-resolution atomic force microscopy, is a polyalkylene structure in which the 18 carbon atoms are linked by alternating single and triple bonds Kaiser et al (2019 Science
365 1299–301). Early studies have found that the C18 molecule has semiconducting properties, suggesting that a similar straight-chain carbon structure could become a molecular device. Inspired by this, an analysis of spin-resolved electronic transport of nanodevices made by C18 sandwiched between zigzag graphyne nanoribbon leads or zigzag graphene nanoribbon leads presents here. The computational results demonstrate that a good spin-filtering effect, spin rectifying effect and an obvious negative differential resistance behavior in designed model devices can be obtained. Moreover, a stable dual-spin filtering effect or diode effect can be occurred in considered model devices with leads in an antiparallel state. The intrinsic mechanisms of molecular nanodevices are explained in detail by analyzing the transmission spectrum under different bias voltage, local density of states, molecular projection Hamiltonian, Current–Voltage (I–V) characteristics, transmission pathways, et al. These results are particularly significant for the development of multifunctional spintronic nanodevices.
CS-based multi-task learning network for arrhythmia reconstruction and classification using ECG signals
Authors: Tang Suigu , Deng Zicong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective. Although deep learning-based current methods have achieved impressive results in electrocardiograph (ECG) arrhythmia classification issues, they rely on using the original data to identify arrhythmia categories. However, a large amount of data generated by long-term ECG monitoring pose a significant challenge to the limited-bandwidth and real-time systems, which limits the application of deep learning in ECG monitoring. Approach. This paper, therefore, proposed a novel multi-task network that combined compressed sensing and convolutional neural networks, namely CSML-Net. According to the proposed model, the ECG signals were compressed by utilizing a learning measurement matrix and then recovered and classified simultaneously via shared layers and two task branches. Among them, the multi-scale feature module was designed to improve model performance. Main results. Experimental results on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia dataset demonstrate that our proposed method is superior to all the approaches that have been compared in terms of reconstruction quality and classification performance. Significance. Consequently, the proposed model achieving the reconstruction and classification in the compressed domain can be an improvement and become a promising approach for ECG arrhythmia reconstruction and classification.
A numerical approach for modeling response of shape memory polymer composite corrugated structure
Authors: Bhola Lalit , Saurav A K , Mujumdar P M , Guruprasad P J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study presents a numerical framework for a unidirectional shape memory polymer-based composite (SMPC) corrugated structure. The framework combines an empirically modified constitutive model of shape memory polymer (SMP) with modified temperature-dependent laminate theory. Model parameters in the SMP constitutive relation are determined and calibrated from the dynamic mechanical analysis tests. Subsequently, the numerical implementation of the SMP model is validated with experimental results from the three-point bending test. This was followed by simulations to investigate the thermo-mechanical response of SMPC lamina. The findings from the simulations revealed the influence of SMPC fiber orientation and volume fraction on stored strain through the spring back effect. Finally, the framework is applied to investigate the shape memory response of a unidirectional SMPC trapezoidal corrugated structure. The simulations highlight the potential of the SMPC corrugated structure as a load bearing adaptive structure for wing morphing applications.
Effect of temperature on the electrical and electromechanical properties of carbon nanotube/polypropylene composites
Authors: Balam A , Valdez-Nava Z , Bley V , Ayuso-Faber P , Carrillo-Escalante H , Castillo-Atoche A , Avilés F 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The effect of temperature on the electrical and electromechanical (piezoresistive) properties of composite films made of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and polypropylene is investigated. The electrical response to temperature in alternating current (AC, i.e. thermoimpedance) showed higher sensitivity than in direct current (DC, thermoresistivity) and is influenced by frequency (f). The sensitivity factor in DC reached 1.07 %°C−1, while in AC at 100 Hz was 2.7 % C−1 for the impedance modulus for 4 wt.% MWCNT nanocomposites . The electrical properties of the nanocomposites in AC investigated through broadband dielectric spectroscopy exhibited a resistive-capacitive behavior with a transition at f ∼104 Hz. Temperature also showed a strong influence on the piezoresistive response of the nanocomposites, showing a 10% increase in the piezoresistive sensitivity at 50 °C with respect to the response at 25 °C, and an important decrease in sensitivity at 100 °C for small (<3%) strains. The influence of temperature on the electrical and electromechanical responses investigated herein may assist in further developments of smart temperature-sensing materials, and in developing thermal compensation factors to properly calibrate piezoresistive/piezoimpedance responses for strain measurements.
Spontaneous demixing of chiral active mixtures in motility-induced phase separation
Authors: Ai Bao-Quan , Quan Shan , Li Feng-guo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The demixing and sorting strategies for chiral active mixtures are crucial to the biochemical and pharmaceutical industries. However, it remains uncertain whether chiral mixed particles can spontaneously demix without the aid of specific strategies. In this paper, we investigate the demixing behaviors of binary mixtures in a model of chiral active particles to understand the demixing mechanism of chiral active mixtures. We demonstrate that chiral mixed particles can spontaneously demix in motility-induced phase separation (MIPS). The hidden velocity alignment in MIPS allows particles of different types to accumulate in different clusters, thereby facilitating separation. There exists an optimal angular velocity or packing fraction at which this separation is optimal. Noise (translational or rotational diffusion) can promote mixture separation in certain cases, rather than always being detrimental to the process. Since the order caused by the hidden velocity alignment in this process is not global, the separation behavior is strongly dependent on the system size. Furthermore, we also discovered that the mixture separation caused by MIPS is different from that resulting from explicit velocity alignment. Our findings are crucial for understanding the demixing mechanism of chiral active mixtures and can be applied to experiments attempting to separate various active mixtures in the future.
Spreading properties of partially coherent multi-Gaussian Schell-model and modified Bessel-correlated vortex beams in anisotropic turbulent plasma
Authors: Alkelly Abdu A , Khaled M A H , Hassan Labiba F 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We investigate the propagation characteristics of partially coherent multi-Gaussian Schell-model (MGSM) and modified Bessel-correlated (MBc) vortex beams traveling in a turbulent plasma. Based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle, the cross-spectral density expressions for partially coherent MGSM and MBc vortex beams propagating through turbulent plasma were derived. The results show that the dark spot at the center of the partially coherent MGSM beams disappears in the low-coherence states and remains in the high-coherence states only. In contrast, the intensity of partially coherent MBc vortex beams exists in low- and high-coherence states and does not change during propagation in a weak turbulent plasma.
Molecular dynamics studies of the effect of intermediate Fe layer thickness on the enhanced strength and ductility of Cu/Fe/Ni multilayer
Authors: Pang Weiwei , Feng Xiaotong , Chen Renbin , Liu Aosong , Xin Kai 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The synergistic strength-ductility is very important for composite materials. In this work, we studied the effect of intermediate layer thickness on the mechanical properties of Cu/Fe/Ni multilayer by introducing harder intermediate layer and non-coherent interface using molecular dynamics simulation, and revealed the relationship between the deformation mechanism and the strength-ductility from atomic scale. The results show that the yield strength and flow stress increase with increasing Fe layer thickness, but the tensile strain is opposite. Plastic deformation of all models are triggered by slipping of misfit partial dislocation originating from the decomposition of perfect dislocation on semi-coherent interface. However, the addition of Fe layer and non-coherent interface increases the resistance of dislocation crossing interface, and changes the dominant deformation mechanism from Shockley partial dislocation slipping to deformation twinning migration, thus improving the strength and ductility of multilayer. In addition, the evolution laws of the dislocation length and interface morphology as well as the shear strain distribution are discussed.
Non-equilibrium Green’s function approach for simulation asymmetric source-drain silicene-based photodetectors
Authors: Alaee Fateme , Sadeghzadeh Mohammad Ali , Ostovari Fatemeh 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Photodetectors based on Armchair-Silicene-Nanoribbons (ASiNR) with asymmetric source (Ir-doped silicene) and drain (Cu-, Ag-, or Au-doped silicene) contacts have been simulated employing tight-binding approximation coupling to Non-Equilibrium Green’s Function (NEGF) approach. Monochromatic 1 kW cm−2 illumination in the range of 0.1–10 eV has been used for the simulation of the photocurrent, photoresponsivity, quantum efficiency, and detectivity. It is shown that the highest peak in the photocurrent spectrum occurs at the 273 nm incident wavelength for all devices, and the Ir-Cu device has presented enhanced photodetector characteristics than Ir-Ag and Ir-Au devices. It is also found that only transitions between two subbands with identical indexes are allowed. Moreover, the first peak in the photocurrent spectrum is related to the main band gap of ASiNR. Additionally, the simulated dark and total currents versus source-drain voltage reveal that photocurrent caused a negative shift in the total current proportional to incident light intensity.
Anisotropic momentum distribution of 11B and 11C produced from 12C beam at 100 MeV/nucleon
Authors: Momota S , Ohtsubo T , Honma A , Kitagawa A , Sato S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Longitudinal (P
L) and transverse (P
T) momentum distributions of 11B and 11C produced from a 12C beam with C, Al, Nb, Tb, and Au targets observed at E = 100 MeV/nucleon are investigated. The observed P
T distribution systematically changes according to the target and this change in behavior can be consistently explained by the orbital deflection effect, which is determined by the competitive contributions of attractive nuclear and repulsive Coulomb potentials acting between the projectile and target. The comprehensive examination of the observed P
L and P
T distributions resolves the fragmentation reaction into two reaction channels. One is the pure abrasion channel, which is characterized by small momentum transfer and an isotropic Gaussian function. The second is the two-step reaction channel, which is characterized by large momentum transfer and an anisotropic Gaussian function. The anisotropy of the second channel is consistently explained by the momentum of a picked-up nucleon.
JCAP 20th anniversary retrospective: editorial
Authors: Mukhanov Viatcheslav , Verde Licia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This year the Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (JCAP) celebrates its 20th anniversary. “A journal by scientists for scientists” is the motto that has driven JCAP since its inception, which epitomises its philosophy of being an innovative and community-driven journal. Over the past two decades, JCAP has become one of the premier outlets for high-quality research, now publishing circa 800 papers per year, almost all of which are Open Access (either green or gold route), and with submissions originating from more than 60 countries around the world. JCAP encompasses theoretical, observational, and experimental areas as well as computation and simulation, and this special issue represents a testament to the role of the journal and its impact within the fields of cosmology and astroparticle physics. Over the years, JCAP has published influential papers on topics ranging from the early universe and dark matter to large-scale structure, gravitational waves and high-energy astrophysics, all of which are presented in this celebratory collection of the journal’s 20th year of publication.
Multimodality-based Wind Speed Forecasting Method for the Wind Resistance Control of Large Radio Telescope
Authors: Wang Wen-Juan , Han Bao-Qing , Wang Long-Yang , Luan Tian , Yan Yue-Fei , Zhao Wu-Lin , Kong De-Qing , Wu Yang , Wang Cong-Si 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A large, fully steerable radio telescope is susceptible to the wind load, leading to structure deformation and pointing deviation of the telescope. To effectively suppress the influence of dynamic wind load, the wind resistance control of the telescope is carried out based on wind speed forecasting. This study developed a wind speed forecasting model to efficiently forecast the wind speed at the telescope position. The proposed model successfully eliminates the random noise of the original wind speed, effectively extracts the wind speed features and solves the automatic optimization of the hyperparameters of the forecasting network. This model significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of wind speed forecasting. To verify the forecasting performance of the proposed model, the wind data from the Qitai Radio Telescope site is examined as a case study. The wind speed forecasting model’s MAE, RMSE and MAPE are 0.0361, 0.0703 and 3.87%, respectively. The performance of the proposed model meets the requirements of wind resistance control and can provide data support for the radio telescope.