bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global patterns of dried soil layers and environmental forcing
Authors: Zhou Zixuan , Wang Yunqiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDeep soil drought represents a low level of deep soil water status that is unsuitable for vegetation growth and transpiration. It can be exacerbated through the excessive water uptake by vegetation during climate droughts, while signs of deep soil drought remain unclear worldwide due to a lack of unified methods and comparative data. In this study, we performed a literature search, focusing on deep soil water profiles (>2 m) and quantification of the degree of deep soil drought as indicated by dried soil layers (DSLs). The results revealed the following: (1) DSLs were distributed worldwide, with mean values of 2.2 ± 0.5 m, 3.3 ± 3.9 m, 14.6% ± 8.3%, and 0.66 ± 0.14 for the formation depth, thickness, soil water content, and quantitative index, respectively; (2) at the global scale, DSLs were more common and more severe under forestland, including shrubland, than under grassland and farmland; (3) DSLs were shaped directly by rooting depth and soil particle composition and indirectly by land use, soil thickness, terrain, and climate. The preliminary investigation of DSL distribution confirms the existence of DSLs globally, something that has not been addressed in previous studies. Our study provides an early warning of DSL formation in association with rooting depth and soil particle composition under an increased drought condition, which in turn harms vegetation production and sustainability.
Tongue base augmentation to improve swallow function in a cadaveric model
Authors: Ramaswamy Apoorva T. , Cates Daniel , Evangelista Lisa , Srikanth Mayuri , Belafsky Peter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility of using Calcium Hydroxylapatite (CaHA) to augment the tongue base for patients with swallowing impairment due to tongue base atrophy.MethodsA fresh human cadaver was obtained through the institution's body donation program and baseline lateral fluoroscopic images were obtained. A total of 2 mL of CaHA (Prolaryn Plus) were injected into three sites of the base of tongue under flexible endoscopic guidance with a 22G, 1.5‐inch needle (Monoject, Cardinal Health). Post‐lateral fluoroscopic images were obtained and pharyngeal area (cm2) and tongue base to pharyngeal wall distance (cm) was measured pre‐ and postinjection using SwallowTail fluoroscopic measurement software (Belldev Medical).ResultsThe procedure was easily performed and the CaHA flowed easily into the cadaveric tongue without evidence of extrusion. The pre‐procedural pharyngeal area decreased from 24.36 to 23.14 cm after augmentation. The base of tongue to pharyngeal wall distance decreased from 2.21 to 1.32 cm after augmentation.ConclusionTongue base augmentation with CaHA may be a feasible adjuvant therapy for the management of swallowing impairment secondary to tongue base atrophy. Further investigation is necessary to evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy.Level of Evidence4
Minerogenic salt marshes can function as important inorganic carbon stores
Authors: Mueller Peter , Kutzbach Lars , Mozdzer Thomas J. , Jespersen Emil , Barber Donald C. , Eller Franziska 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStocks and fluxes of soil inorganic carbon have long been ignored in the context of coastal carbon sequestration, and their implications for the climate cooling effect of blue carbon ecosystems are complex. Here, we investigate the role of soil inorganic carbon in five salt marshes along the northern coast of the European Wadden Sea, one of the world's largest intertidal areas, harboring ~ 20% of European salt‐marsh area. We demonstrate a substantial contribution of inorganic carbon (average: 29%; range: 7–57%) to the total soil carbon stock of the top 1 m. Notably, inorganic exceeded organic carbon stocks in one of the studied sites; a finding that we ascribe to site geomorphic features, such as proximity to marine calcium carbonate sources and hydrodynamic exposure. Contrary to our hypothesis that inorganic carbon stocks would decline along the successional gradient from tidal flat to high marsh, as carbonate deposits would progressively dissolve in increasingly organic‐rich rooted sediments, our findings demonstrate the opposite pattern—an increase in inorganic carbon stocks along the successional gradient. This suggests that the dissolution of calcium carbonates in the root zone is counterbalanced by other processes, such as trapping of sedimentary carbonates by marsh vegetation and calcium carbonate precipitation in anaerobic subsoils. In the context of blue carbon, it will be critical to develop an improved understanding of these plant‐ and microbiota‐mediated processes in calcium carbonate cycling.
Ab Initio Site‐Selective Occupancy and Luminescence Enhancement in Broadband NIR Emitting Phosphor Mg7Ga2GeO12:Cr3+
Authors: Xiang Jinmeng , Zhou Xue , Zhao Xiaoqi , Wu Ziyang , Chen Changheng , Zhou Xianju , Guo Chongfeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCr3+ activated near‐infrared (NIR) phosphors are getting unprecedented attention to fabricate the broad band NIR light emitting diodes (NIR‐LEDs) for nondestructive detection, bio‐imaging, and night vision. However, it remains a major challenge to obtain ultrabroadband NIR emitting phosphor with excellent quantum yield (QY). Here, a broadband NIR emitting phosphor Mg7Ga2GeO12:Cr3+ (MGGO: Cr3+) ranging from 600 to 1300 nm with an outstanding QY (93%) and large full width of half maximum (FWHM = 226 nm) is developed, in which the site occupancy tendency of Cr3+ in MGGO host is discussed in detail through combining the structure optimization and the first‐principles theory calculation with luminescent properties at low temperature. After that, the emission intensity of MGGO:Cr3+ is improved through partial substitution of Mg2+ by alkaline‐earth ions Ca2+, Sr2+, or Ba2+, and the luminescence enhancement mechanism is also investigated. Furthermore, the NIR pc‐LED device is fabricated by combining 450 nm blue LED chip with the brightest phosphor MGGO:Cr3+/Ba2+, and its potential applications are evaluated in the field of nondestructive detection, night vision, and bio‐imaging.
Electrosprayed curcumin‐zein@polycaprolactone‐mucilage capsules for an improved sustained release
Authors: Shahbazi Kimia , Akbari Iman , Baniasadi Hossein 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNanocapsules of curcumin‐zein as core and polycaprolactone‐mucilage (PCL‐MUC) as a shell were effectively made by using an electrospray process for drug delivery applications. Because of its anticancer and anti‐inflammatory qualities, curcumin (Cur) was chosen as a model medicine, and its stability was improved by combining it with zein. The monodisperse and spherical shapes of CUR‐ZEIN@PCL‐MUC nanocapsules with an average diameter of 200 nm were obtained and validated by SEM and TEM images by altering spinning voltage, flow rates, polymeric concentrations, and drug content. FTIR was used to determine the chemical structure of the nanocapsules. In addition, the in vitro release was investigated, with samples exhibiting a burst release for the first 6 h followed by a sustained release for the next 24 h. The results show that adding opuntia mucilage and zein improved the curcumin release rate. Overall, 30% curcumin release was observed after 24 h, as described by the Ritger–Peppas model. In summary, our study developed an electrospray method for fabricating CUR‐ZEIN@PCL‐MUC nanocapsules with the potential to regulate curcumin release.
The efficient detection of Fe3+ by sulfonamidated lignin composite carbon quantum dots
Authors: Lv Shenghua , Zhang Shanshan , Zuo Jingjing , Liang Shan , Liu Leipeng , Wei De quan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFluorescent carbon quantum dots are a new type of nano‐fluorescent probe material, which overcomes some deficiencies of organic fluorescent materials and semiconductor quantum dots. In addition, they also have excellent optical properties, biocompatibility, and good application potential in environmental detection and other fields. To realize the special functions of carbon quantum dots, various functionalized composite carbon quantum dots have also been gradually developed. Lignin is a kind of natural polymer material rich in aromatic ring structure, which has abundant π electrons and a large number of easily functionalized active groups. Therefore, lignin is gradually used as a fluorescent probe material. In this article, sulfadiazine, p‐aminobenzenesulfonic acid, ammonium sulfamate as the amination reagents were used to modify lignin, and then citric acid was used as raw material to prepare carbon quantum dots (CQDs), and finally sulfadiazine lignin composite carbon quantum dots (PSA‐L‐CQDs), sulfamic acid lignin composite carbon quantum dots (BSA‐L‐CQDs), and sulfamate amine lignin composite carbon quantum dots (ASA‐L‐CQD) were prepared. Their structure and fluorescence characteristics were analyzed. The selectivity and sensitivity of PSA‐L‐CQDs to metal ions were tested by fluorescence spectroscopy. The experimental results show that PSA‐L‐CQDs have good selectivity and high sensitivity to Fe3+. The detection limit of Fe3+ was 29.5634 nmol/L. The composite carbon quantum dots have the advantages of low cost, simple manufacture, high selectivity, and high sensitivity.
Proteins and metabolites fingerprints of gestational diabetes mellitus forming protein–metabolite interactomes are its potential biomarkers
Authors: Chatterjee Bhaswati , Thakur Suman S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a consequence of glucose intolerance with an inadequate production of insulin that happens during pregnancy and leads to adverse health consequences for both mother and fetus. GDM patients are at higher risk for preeclampsia, and developing diabetes mellitus type 2 in later life, while the child born to GDM mothers are more prone to macrosomia, and hypoglycemia. The universally accepted diagnostic criteria for GDM are lacking, therefore there is a need for a diagnosis of GDM that can identify GDM at its early stage (first trimester). We have reviewed the literature on proteins and metabolites fingerprints of GDM. Further, we have performed protein–protein, metabolite–metabolite, and protein–metabolite interaction network studies on GDM proteins and metabolites fingerprints. Notably, some proteins and metabolites fingerprints are forming strong interaction networks at high confidence scores. Therefore, we have suggested that those proteins and metabolites that are forming protein–metabolite interactomes are the potential biomarkers of GDM. The protein–metabolite biomarkers interactome may help in a deep understanding of the prognosis, pathogenesis of GDM, and also detection of GDM. The protein–metabolites interactome may be further applied in planning future therapeutic strategies to promote long‐term health benefits in GDM mothers and their children.
A neural network for phenotyping Fusarium‐damaged kernels (FDKs) in wheat and its impact on genomic selection accuracy
Authors: Wu Junzhe , Ackerman Arlyn , Gaire Rupesh , Chowdhary Girish , Rutkoski Jessica 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) remains one of the most destructive diseases in wheat. Primarily caused by the mycotoxigenic fungi Fusarium graminearum, FHB results in both widespread yield loss and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination of wheat grain. Phenotyping for Fusarium‐damaged kernels (FDKs) is the most efficient estimate of resistance to DON accumulation outside of performing costly and time‐consuming laboratory assays. However, manual phenotyping for FDKs can be tedious and highly subjective to observers. This study developed and tested an open‐access, easy‐to‐use, and effective method for phenotyping FDKs using a neural network capable of analyzing cell phone camera images. Quantitative genetic analysis of FDK data generated by our trained neural network found that the trait had a broad sense heritability of 0.48, and its phenotypic and genetic correlations with DON were 0.41 and 0.58, respectively. To determine if our neural network‐derived FDK data could be useful in a modern breeding scenario, we included it in a multi‐trait genomic selection (GS) model and evaluated the model's ability to predict DON. We found that including FDK data generated by our trained neural network on the test set during GS model training more than doubled GS accuracy, but the highest accuracy was obtained using conventional FDK data. Although further training is needed to improve the capabilities of our neural network, initial testing shows encouraging results and demonstrates the possibility of providing an automated and objective phenotyping method for FDKs that could be widely deployed to support FHB resistance breeding efforts.
Underlying causes and outcomes of recurrent pneumonia in hospitalized children
Authors: Mei Mei , Dai Dan , Guo Zhuoyao , Zhang Congcong , Liu Jing , Qi Yuanyuan , Wang Xiaochuan , Wang Libo , Qian Liling 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the clinical characteristics and underlying causes of recurrent pneumonia (RP) among hospitalized children, and to identify risk factors associated with adverse outcomes.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of hospitalized children diagnosed with RP at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University from January 2016 to January 2021 and then described clinical characteristics and underlying causes. The associations between factors and adverse outcomes were assessed using logistic regression.ResultsOf 551 children with RP, 483 (87.7%) manifested underlying causes, with recurrent aspiration (127, 23.0%), primary immunodeficiency (PID) (91, 16.5%), and congenital heart diseases (63, 11.4%) being the most common. Genetic defects were identified in about a quarter (158, 28.7%) of the patients. PID odds ratio (OR, 7.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8–22.8), primary ciliary dyskinesia (OR, 12.9; 95% CI, 3.0–54.8), bronchiolitis obliterans (OR, 7.0; 95% CI, 1.7–28.5), and a diagnosis of RP at an age of >3 years (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.3–9.0) were risk factors for severe outcomes. Aspiration (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.3–6.3) and an abnormal family history (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.3–8.2) were risk factors for rehospitalization.ConclusionsThe majority (87.7%) of hospitalized children with RP exhibited underlying causes, and genetic defects were common.
Using cryobiopsy with Radial EBUS in high‐bleeding‐risk, peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL): description of cases and technique
Authors: Herath Samantha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCryobiopsy is an emerging tool in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL) and becoming an important tool in the toolbox. Anecdotally the data on cryobiopsy use in the lung was extrapolated from the use of transbronchial cryobiopsy (TBCB) in Interstitial Lung disease (ILD). Similar to ILD data, cryobiopsy in PPL also provided larger tissue compared to forceps biopsies. Yet, unlike TBCB in ILD, the safety profile for cryobiopsy in PPL seems much more favourable, yet the number of publications on cryobiopsy in PPL remains sparse. Some PPL, both malignant and non‐malignant are considered to be of a high bleeding risk due to vascularity of the tumour and/or inflammation of the blood vessels and surrounding tissue. The use of cryobiopsy and the risk of bleeding in this type of PPL have not been described. This paper describes four patients with PPL, undergoing cryobiopsy with radial EBUS for suspected lung cancer, and later diagnosed to have a PPL, deemed to be of a high bleeding risk. The use of cryobiopsy with radial ultrasonic examination for the vasculature of the PPL, bronchial blocker use, and airway protection as well as an expert team preserved the safety of the procedure.
The Controllable Synthesis of High‐Quality Two‐Dimensional Iron Sulfide with Specific Phases
Authors: Wang Bicheng , Yao Yu , Hong Wenting , Hong Zhaoan , He Xu , Wang Taiku , Jian Chuanyong , Ju Qiankun , Cai Qian , Sun Zhihua , Liu Wei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract2D Fe‐chalcogenides have drawn significant attention due to their unique structural phases and distinct properties in exploring magnetism and superconductivity. However, it remains a significant challenge to synthesize 2D Fe‐chalcogenides with specific phases in a controllable manner since Fe‐chalcogenides have multiple phases. Herein, a molecular sieve‐assisted strategy is reported for synthesizing ultrathin 2D iron sulfide on substrates via the chemical vapor deposition method. Using a molecular sieve and tuning growth temperatures to control the partial pressures of precursor concentrations, hexagonal FeS, tetragonal FeS, and non‐stoichiometric Fe7S8 nanoflakes can be precisely synthesized. The 2D h‐FeS, t‐FeS, and Fe7S8 have high conductivities of 5.4 × 105 S m−1, 5.8 × 105 S m−1, and 1.9 × 106 S m−1. 2D tetragonal FeS shows a superconducting transition at 4 K. The spin reorientation at ≈30 K on the non‐stoichiometric Fe7S8 nanoflakes with ferrimagnetism up to room temperature has also been observed. The controllable synthesis of various phases of 2D iron sulfide may provide a route for synthesizing other 2D compounds with various phases.
The Vital Role of Electrolyte Reduction Potential in Forming a Stable SEI in Phosphorus‐Based Anodes
Authors: Liu Minghui , Zhou En , Wang Chaonan , Ye Yadong , Tong Xinyang , Xie Yuansen , Zhou Shaoyun , Huang Rong , Kong Xianghua , Jin Hongchang , Ji Hengxing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn view of their high lithium storage capability, phosphorus‐based anodes are promising for lithium‐ion batteries. However, the low reduction potential (0.74 V versus Li+/Li) of the commonly used ethylene carbonate‐based electrolyte does not allow the early formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) prior to the initial phosphorus alloying reaction (1.5 V versus Li+/Li). In the absence of a protective SEI, the phosphorus anode develops cracks, creating additional P/electrolyte interfaces. This results in the loss of P and the formation of a discontinuous SEI, all of which greatly reduce the electrochemical performance of the anode. Here, the effect of solvent reduction potential on the structure of the SEI is investigated. It is found that solvents with a high reduction potential, such as fluoroethylene carbonate, decompose to form an SEI concomitantly with the P alloying reaction. This results in a continuous, mechanically robust, and Li3PO4‐rich SEI with improved Li‐ion conductivity. These attributes significantly improve the cyclic stability and rate performance of the phosphorus‐based anode.
Tuning the Chiral Structures from Self‐Assembled Carbohydrate Derivatives
Authors: Yao Yawen , Meng Xintong , Li Cheng , Bernaerts Katrien V. , Zhang Kai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCarbohydrates have been regarded as one of the most ideally suited candidates for chirality study via self‐assembly owning to their unique chemical structures, abundance, and sustainability. Much efforts have been devoted to design and synthesize diverse carbohydrate derivatives and self‐assemble them into various supermolecular morphologies. Nevertheless, still inadequate attention is paid to deeply and comprehensively understand how the carbohydrate structures and self‐assembly approaches affect the final morphologies and properties for future demands. Herein, to fulfill the need, a range of recently published studies relating to the chirality of carbohydrates is reviewed and discussed. Furthermore, to tune the chirality of carbohydrate‐based structures on both molecular and superstructural levels via chirality transfer and chirality expression, the designing of the molecules and choosing of the proper approaches for self‐assembly are elucidated.
Construction of a Novel Cascade Electrolysis‐Heterocatalysis System by Using Zeolite‐Encaged Ultrasmall Palladium Catalysts for H2O2 Generation
Authors: Chen Caiyi , Wang Xiaoli , Pan Boju , Xie Weiqiao , Zhu Qing , Meng Yali , Hu Zhuofeng , Sun Qiming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn situ generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has attracted extensive attention, especially in water treatment. However, traditional anthraquinones can only produce high‐concentration H2O2 and its transportation and storage are not convenient and dangerous. Herein, an in situ and on‐demand strategy to produce H2O2 by using a cascade water electrolysis together with a heterocatalysis system is provided. Beginning with water, H2, and O2 can be generated via electrolysis and then react with each other to produce H2O2 immediately on efficient zeolite‐encaged ultrasmall Pd catalysts. Significantly, the H2O2 generation rate in the optimized cascade system reaches up to 0.85 mol L−1 h−1 gPd−1, overcoming most of the state‐of‐the‐art catalysts in previous literature. The confinement effect of zeolites is not only beneficial to the formation of highly dispersed metal species, promoting the H2O2 generation, but also inhibits the H2O2 decomposition, enhancing the production yield of H2O2. In addition, the effect of electrolytes, sizes of Pd species, as well as zeolite acidity are also systematically studied. This work provides a new avenue for H2O2 generation via a highly efficient cascade electrolysis‐heterocatalysis system by using zeolite‐supported metal catalysts. The high catalytic efficiency and green process for H2O2 generation make it very promising for further practical applications.
Ultrathin Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Encapsulated Ni Nanoparticles for Highly Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction and Aqueous Zn‐CO2 Batteries
Authors: Wang Fangyuan , Wang Guan , Deng Peilin , Chen Yao , Li Jing , Wu Daoxiong , Wang Zhitong , Wang Chongtai , Hua Yingjie , Tian Xinlong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), powered by renewable electricity, has attracted great attention for producing high value‐added fuels and chemicals, as well as feasibly mitigating CO2 emission problem. Here, this work reports a facile hard template strategy to prepare the Ni@N‐C catalyst with core–shell structure, where nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) are encapsulated by thin nitrogen‐doped carbon shells (N‐C shells). The Ni@N‐C catalyst has demonstrated a promising industrial current density of 236.7 mA cm−2 with the superb FECO of 97% at −1.1 V versus RHE. Moreover, Ni@N‐C can drive the reversible Zn‐CO2 battery with the largest power density of 1.64 mW cm−2, and endure a tough cycling durability. These excellent performances are ascribed to the synergistic effect of Ni@N‐C that Ni NPs can regulate the electronic microenvironment of N‐doped carbon shells, which favor to enhance the CO2 adsorption capacity and the electron transfer capacity. Density functional theory calculations prove that the binding configuration of N‐C located on the top of Ni slabs (Top‐Ni@N‐C) is the most thermodynamically stable and possess a lowest thermodynamic barrier for the formation of COOH* and the desorption of CO. This work may pioneer a new method on seeking high‐efficiency and worthwhile electrocatalysts for CO2RR and Zn‐CO2 battery.