bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimorbid Patterns and Cognitive Performance in the Presence of Informative Dropout Among Community-Dwelling Taiwanese Older Adults
Authors: Hsieh Pei-Iun , Chen Yen-Ching , Chen Ta-Fu , Chiou Jeng-Min , Chen Jen-Hau 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Longitudinal studies among older adults often feature elevated dropout rates and multiple chronic conditions. How Taiwanese multimorbid patterns relate to different cognitive domains remains unclear. This study aims to identify sex-specific multimorbid patterns and associate them with cognitive performance while modeling the risk for dropout.

Research Design and Methods
A prospective cohort study (2011–19) in Taiwan recruited 449 Taiwanese older adults without dementia. Global and domain-specific cognition were assessed biennially. We used exploratory factor analysis to identify baseline sex-specific multimorbid patterns of 19 self-reported chronic conditions. We utilized a joint model incorporating longitudinal and time-to-dropout data to examine the association between multimorbid patterns and cognitive performance accounting for the informative dropout via the shared random effect.

Results
At the end of the study, 324 participants (72.1%) remained in the cohort, with an average annual attrition rate of 5.5%. We found that advanced age, low levels of physical activities, and poor cognition at baseline were associated with increased dropout risks. Besides, 6 multimorbid patterns were identified, labeled Mental, Renal–vascular, and Cancer–urinary patterns in men, and Mental, Cardiometabolic, and Cancer–endocrine patterns in women. For men, as the follow-up time increased, the Mental pattern was associated with poor global cognition and attention; the Renal–vascular pattern was associated with poor executive function. For women, the Mental pattern was associated with poor memory; as follow-up time increased, and Cardiometabolic patterns were related to poor memory.

Discussion and Implications
Sex-specific multimorbid patterns identified in the Taiwanese older population showed differences (notably Renal–vascular pattern in men) from patterns found in Western countries and were differentially associated with cognitive impairment over time. When informative dropout is suspected, appropriate statistical methods should be applied.
HIV-1 transmission: modelling and direct visualization in the third dimension
Authors: Coomer Charles A , Padilla-Parra Sergi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIdentifying initial events of mucosal entry of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) in laboratory-based, physiologically relevant and high-throughput contexts may aid in designing effective strategies to block local transmission and spread of HIV-1. Several paradigms have been posited for how HIV-1 crosses mucosal barriers to establish infection based on two dimensional (2D) culture–based or animal-based models. Nevertheless, despite these models stemming from 2D culture and animal studies, monolayers of cells poorly replicate the complex niche that influences viral entry at mucosal surfaces, whereas animal models often inadequately reproduce human disease pathophysiology and are prohibitively expensive. Organoids, having never been directly utilized in HIV-1 transmission investigations, may offer a compromise between 2D culture and animal models as they provide a platform that mimics the biophysical and biochemical niche of mucosal tissues. Importantly, observation of events downstream of viral inoculation is potentially accessible to researchers via an array of microscopy techniques. Because of the potential insights organoids may provide in this context, we offer this review to highlight key physiological factors of HIV-1 transmission at common mucosal sites and a discussion to highlight how many of these factors can be recapitulated in organoids, their current limitations and what questions can initially be addressed, particularly using a selective inclusion of quantitative light microscopy techniques. Harnessing organoids for direct observation of HIV-1 entry at mucosal sites may uncover potential therapeutic targets which prevent the establishment of HIV-1 infection.
Genetic diversity, cholesterol reduction, and presence of conserved bile salt hydrolase gene in probiotic strains from human milk
Authors: Javed Saman , Munir Aneela , Javed Ghulam Ayesha , Latif Zakia , Javed Sehrish , Arshad Najma 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProbiotics are known to possess strain- and species-specific functional properties, of which hypocholesteremia is of major interest. Bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity is one of the key mechanisms involved in the hypocholesterolemic effect. The study was designed to genetically characterize probiotics obtained from human milk on the basis of simple sequence repeat (SSR), isolate potent hypocholesterolemic strains, and detect BSH activity, deconjugation of bile salts, and bsh polymorphism. This study, for the first time, linked genetic diversity with cholesterol reduction potential and proved the presence of conserved bsh of Levilactobacillus brevis in genetically diverse species. The strains displayed 2.78%–42.23% cholesterol reduction, which was not influenced by prebiotics. In this study, data obtained from SSR markers indicated 93.3% diversity, and based on cluster analysis, they were distributed into XI clades; out of five potent cholesterol-reducing strains, three belonged to clade I. The strains could deconjugate both sodium glycocholate and sodium taurocholate, but we preferred using sodium glycocholate. The variation in cholesterol reduction potential and BSH activity pointed toward the presence of more than one bsh in the strains. Weissella confusa MW051433 displayed highest cholesterol reduction (42.23%) and specific BSH activity (2.64 U ml −1). Search for other bsh and in vivo assessments of cholesterol reduction by W. confusa MW051433 have been proposed.
Aspergillosis in free-ranging Magellanic penguins
Authors: Melo Aryse Martins , Poester Vanice Rodrigues , Trápaga Mariana Rodrigues , Stevens David A , Canabarro Paula Lima , Adornes Andréa Corrado , da Silva Andrine Paiva , Estima Sérgio Curi , Frere Esteban , Sabino Raquel , Xavier Melissa Orzechowski 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We evaluated the mortality due to aspergillosis in free-ranging Magellanic penguins during their migration and the reproductive season. A total of 98 carcasses of penguins were collected along 370 km of coastline in Southern Brazil, between June 2017 and October 2019, and from reproductive colonies in Patagonian Argentina, in January 2019. All animals were necropsied, and only proven cases were computed. Aspergillosis was diagnosed in 2.5% of the penguins evaluated during their migration route. Our study, of the Southern coast of Brazil, is the first to demonstrate that aspergillosis is an important cause of mortality in free-ranging penguins. The implications of these findings in the One Health context are discussed.
Line luminosities of Galactic and Magellanic Cloud Wolf–Rayet stars
Authors: Crowther Paul A , Rate G , Bestenlehner Joachim M 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We provide line luminosities and spectroscopic templates of prominent optical emission lines of 133 Galactic Wolf–Rayet (WR) stars by exploiting Gaia DR3 parallaxes and optical spectrophotometry, and provide comparisons with 112 counterparts in the Magellanic Clouds. Average line luminosities of the broad blue (He ii λ4686, C iii λλ4647,51, N iii λλ4634,41, and N v λλ4603,20) and yellow (C iv λλ5801,12) emission features for WN, WN/C, WC, and WO stars have application in characterizing the WR populations of star-forming regions of distant, unresolved galaxies. Early-type WN stars reveal lower line luminosities in more metal-poor environments, but the situation is less clear for late-type WN stars. LMC WC4–5 line luminosities are higher than their Milky Way counterparts, with line luminosities of Magellanic Cloud WO stars higher than Galactic stars. We highlight other prominent optical emission lines, N iv λλ3478,85 for WN and WN/C stars, O iv λλ3403,13 for WC and WO stars, and O vi λλ3811,34 for WO stars. We apply our calibrations to representative metal-poor and metal-rich WR galaxies, IC 4870 and NGC 3049, respectively, with spectral templates also applied based on a realistic mix of subtypes. Finally, the global blue and C iv λλ5801,12 line luminosities of the Large Magellanic Clouds or LMCs (Small Magellanic Clouds) are 2.6 × 1038 erg s−1 (9 × 1036 erg s−1) and 8.8 × 1037 erg s−1 (4 × 1036 erg s−1), respectively, with the cumulative WR line luminosity of the Milky Way estimated to be an order of magnitude higher than the LMC.
The Predominant Six-Four in the Late Music of Richard Strauss
Authors: Hutchinson Kyle 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article examines a unique family of six-four sonorities in the works of Richard Strauss. These six-fours typically sound with 6^, 4^, or 2^ (or modal variants thereof) in the bass but occur immediately prior to a cadential dominant, and thus impart a sense of predominant function despite their unstable inversion. In examining how the sixth and fourth behave, I suggest that rather than hearing these chords as consonant inversions of a triad, they can instead be interpreted as accented six-fours; in other words, reading the sixth and fourth as dissonances, whose resolution to a fifth and third is deferred to occur over a subsequent harmony. I suggest that the sense of fragmentation that coalesces through the process of suspension creates a conflict between phenomenological and analytic hearings of this music, which reflects a type of modernism typically overlooked in Strauss’s late music.
Preschool-Aged Household Contacts as a Risk Factor for Viral Respiratory Infections in Healthcare Personnel
Authors: Most Zachary M , Nyquist Ann-Christine , Radonovich Lewis J , Rodriguez-Barradas Maria C , Price Connie Savor , Simberkoff Michael S , Bessesen Mary T , Cummings Derek A T , Rattigan Susan M , Warren-Gash Charlotte , Gaydos Charlotte A , Gibert Cynthia L , Gorse Geoffrey J , Perl Trish M 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundViral respiratory infections (VRIs) are common and are occupational risks for healthcare personnel (HCP). VRIs can also be acquired at home and other settings among HCPs. We sought to determine if preschool-aged household contacts are a risk factor for VRIs among HCPs working in outpatient settings.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of data from a cluster randomized trial at 7 medical centers in the United States over 4 influenza seasons from 2011–2012 to 2014–2015. Adult HCPs who routinely came within 6 feet of patients with respiratory infections were included. Participants were tested for respiratory viruses whenever symptomatic and at 2 random times each season when asymptomatic. The exposure of interest was the number of household contacts 0–5 years old (preschool-aged) at the beginning of each HCP-season. The primary outcome was the rate of polymerase chain reaction–detected VRIs, regardless of symptoms. The VRI incidence rate ratio (IRR) was calculated using a mixed-effects Poisson regression model that accounted for clustering at the clinic level.ResultsAmong the 4476 HCP-seasons, most HCPs were female (85.4%) and between 30 and 49 years of age (54.6%). The overall VRI rate was 2.04 per 100 person-weeks. In the adjusted analysis, HCPs having 1 (IRR, 1.22 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.05–1.43]) and ≥2 (IRR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.09–1.67]) preschool-aged household contacts had higher VRI rates than those with zero preschool-aged household contacts.ConclusionsPreschool-aged household contacts are a risk factor for developing VRIs among HCPs working in outpatient settings.
The institutional design of agri-environmental contracts—How stakeholder attitudes can inform policy making
Authors: Schulze Christoph , Matzdorf Bettina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAgri-environmental climate measures (AECM) are considered a promising tool to achieve environmental policy goals. Not only farmers but also policy administrators and intermediaries are important actors whose attitudes and actions drive the success of these measures. To follow the idea of better stakeholder participation in the design of policy instruments, we analyse stakeholder viewpoints on the contract design of the AECM. We apply the Q methodology to 25 individuals from Brandenburg, Germany, who are from the farmer, policy administrator, and intermediary domains. We identify three distinct attitudinal profiles: the ‘planners’, the ‘cooperators’, and the ‘individualists’, which do not correspond to the three individual stakeholder groups. The results provide evidence that general differences in the viewpoints of policy designers and implementers on the one hand and farmers on the other hand are not a source of potential institutional mismatch. We further use the attitudinal profiles to develop three types of policy programmes with slightly different underlying rationalities. Policymakers could use such an approach to better develop target group-specific (sub)programmes in parallel. Our research strengthens the argument that multiple stakeholders should be involved in co-designing conservation measures. Moreover, behavioural factors should be considered in policy making processes.
Die hard: cell death mechanisms and their implications in nanotoxicology
Authors: Lomphithak Thanpisit , Fadeel Bengt 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCell death is a fundamental biological process, and its fine-tuned regulation is required for life. However, the complexity of regulated cell death is often reduced to a matter of live-dead discrimination. Here, we provide a perspective on programmed or regulated cell death, focusing on apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis (the latter three cell death modalities are examples of regulated necrosis). We also touch on other, recently described manifestations of (pathological) cell death including cuproptosis. Furthermore, we address how engineered nanomaterials impact on regulated cell death. We posit that an improved understanding of nanomaterial-induced perturbations of cell death may allow for a better prediction of the consequences of human exposure to these materials and could also yield novel approaches by which to mitigate their effects. Finally, we provide examples of the harnessing of nanomaterials to achieve cancer cell killing through the induction of regulated cell death.
Dried Blood Spot Sampling in the Monitoring of Anticancer Therapy for Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shafiei Mohsen , Mahmood Alina , Beale Philip , Galettis Peter , Martin Jennifer , McLachlan Andrew J. , Blinman Prunella 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling is a convenient alternative to whole-blood sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to systematically review studies that have examined and used DBS sampling for the TDM of chemotherapy and targeted therapy agents for the treatment of patients with solid cancers.

Methods:
Using the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search of EMBASE and PUBMED was performed to identify eligible clinical studies that used DBS sampling to monitor chemotherapy or targeted therapy for the treatment of solid cancers.

Results:
Of the 23 eligible studies, 3 measured concordance between drug concentrations determined by DBS and whole-blood, 7 developed analytical methods of DBS, and 13 performed both. DBS was employed for the TDM of everolimus (3 studies), vemurafenib (2 studies), pazopanib (2 studies), abiraterone (2 studies), mitotane, imatinib, adavosertib, capecitabine, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, etoposide, irinotecan, docetaxel, gefitinib, palbociclib/ribociclib, and paclitaxel (one study each). The studies included a median of 14 participants (range: 6–34), with 10–50 μL of blood dispensed on DBS cards (20) and Mitra devices (3). Seventeen of the 20 studies that used DBS found no significant impact of the hematocrit on the accuracy and precision of the developed method in the normal hematocrit ranges (eg, 29.0%–59.0%). DBS and plasma or venous concentrations were highly correlated (correlation coefficient, 0.872–0.999) for all drugs, except mitotane, which did not meet a predefined level of significance (r > 0.872; correlation coefficient, r = 0.87, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
DBS provides an alternative sampling strategy for the TDM of many anticancer drugs. Further research is required to establish a standardized approach for sampling and processing DBS samples to allow future implementation.
Nursing Workforce Optimization Study: A Multi-method Evaluation and Process Improvement Intervention for HIV Service Delivery in Tanzania and Zambia
Authors: Coe Megan , Kawakyu Nami , Gimbel Sarah , Nyakuya Baraka , Gabriel Neema , Leonard Devotha , Chale Stella , Masiye Felix , Banda Charles M. , Manangwa Saturini , Moyo Gustav , Boyle Gabriela , Freistadt Fernanda , Kohler Pamela 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Nurses are often suboptimally used in HIV care, due to misalignment of training and practice, workflow inefficiencies, and management challenges. We sought to understand nursing workforce capacity and support implementation of process improvement strategies to improve efficiency of HIV service delivery in Tanzania and Zambia. We conducted time and motion observations and task analyses at 16 facilities followed by process improvement workshops. On average, each nurse cared for 45 clients per day in Tanzania and 29 in Zambia. Administrative tasks and documentation occupied large proportions of nurse time. Self-reported competency was low at baseline and higher at follow-up for identifying and managing treatment failure and prescribing antiretroviral therapy. After workshops, facilities changed care processes, provided additional training and mentorship, and changed staffing and supervision. Efficiency outcomes were stable despite staffing increases. Collaborative approaches to use workforce data to engage providers in improvement strategies can support roll-out of nurse-managed HIV treatment.
Comparison of Right Colon Flat Polyp Detection Rate by Water Exchange Versus Water Immersion-pooled Results of Data File of 3 Published Reports
Authors: Leung Felix W. , Koo Malcolm , Jia Hui , Cadoni Sergio , Hsieh Yu-Hsi , Leung Joseph W 
Published: February 2023

Goals:
We tested the hypothesis that water exchange (WE) achieved a significantly higher right colon flat polyp detection rate (rFPDR) than water immersion (WI).

Background:
Current endoscopy methods provide real-time morphology but not histopathology. Flat serrated polyps are difficult to find during colonoscopy. In 2022 2 studies reported that the serrated polyp detection rate (SPDR) significantly inversely predicted the development of interval cancers. In 2021 1 systemic review with meta-analysis showed that WE, but not WI increased SPDR. The relative contributions of WE and WI on rFPDR are unknown.

Study:
Individual patient data from 3 reports comparing air insufflation, WI, and WE were pooled. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the factors associated with a higher rFPDR.

Results:
The pooled data showed that the rFPDR of air insufflation, WI, and WE were 15.4%, 14.1%, and 19.4% (P=0.009), respectively. After adjusting for age and withdrawal time, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that WE, when compared with WI, was significantly associated with a higher rFPDR (adjusted odds ratio[aOR]=1.53, P=0.002). Analysis of data on pathology and size were omitted to avoid duplicating our earlier publications.

Conclusions:
Significantly higher rFPDR was achieved by WE. Water exchange rather than WI merits consideration for use to maximize rFPDR. Removal of flat polyps, and by inference serrated polyps, ensures their optimal management to minimize the occurrence of interval cancers. The potential benefit of WE in maximizing SPDR and minimizing interval cancers deserves evaluation in long-term randomized controlled studies focused on flat polyps detection.
Using organ perfusion to optimize donor livers
Authors: Lee-Riddle Grace S. , Panayotova Guergana G. , Guarrera James V. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
The shortage of donor organs has led to the use of marginal extended criteria donor (ECD) livers to increase access to liver transplant. Ex-vivo machine perfusion allows for treatment and assessment of organs during preservation, potentially facilitating safe use of ECD livers at risk for worse clinical outcomes. This article reviews the latest published literature on the application of ex-vivo machine perfusion technologies in liver transplantation.

Recent findings
Multiple randomized controlled trials on the use of hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) and normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) have been published in the past 5 years demonstrating improved graft function and decreased biliary complications after machine perfusion. Novel applications of machine perfusion include pretransplant organ viability testing, expansion to pediatric transplant, and prolonged preservation.

Summary
There is now a body of evidence that HMP and NMP treatment improves clinical outcomes in ECD livers. There is a wide horizon for future applications of these preservation techniques to further optimize donor livers and to facilitate more liver transplants for those on the waitlist.
A Scoping Review of Nurse Educator Competencies
Authors: Wells-Beede Elizabeth , Sharpnack Patricia , Gruben Darla , Klenke-Borgmann Laura , Goliat Laura , Yeager Caitlin 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Unclear guidance continues faculty role preparation for promoting students' successful transition to practice.

Objectives:
To examine nurse educator competencies and their role in students' transition to practice.

Design:
This study utilized Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework for conducting a scoping review. The review is reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), including the PRISMA-ScR checklist.

Methods:
A comprehensive systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, ERIC, and CINAHL was performed for nurse educator competency. For the original search, no limitations were placed on dates. Two authors independently assessed eligibility via abstract review. The reference lists of the included studies were also examined.

Results:
Eleven articles were included in the review dating from 1992 to 2021. Three themes in the literature were identified by the authors: (1) the need for appropriate mentorship, (2) lack of preparation of educators who transition directly from clinical practice, and (3) lack of use and/or vague operationalization of the National League for Nursing nurse educator competencies.

Conclusion:
Evidence regarding requisite competencies of nurse educators is limited. Further research on the competencies required for nurse educators to facilitate successful student transitions to practice is needed.