bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Off‐label and compassionate use of targeted anticancer therapies: The experience of an Italian pediatric cancer center
Authors: Cenna Rosita , Basiricò Marco , Berchialla Paola , Bertorello Nicoletta , Cagnazzo Celeste , Ceolin Valeria , De Luna Elvira , Nolis Chiara , Resente Francesca , Fagioli Franca 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn Europe, despite recent advances in clinical development, most of the drugs currently used to treat childhood cancers are adult medicines, prescribed outside of the authorized indication. In this context, a monocentric retrospective cohort analysis was conducted, evaluating pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients affected by onco‐hematologic disease, treated with targeted therapies used off‐label or as compassionate use.MethodsThe analysis was conducted on 45 patients aged less than or equal to 30 years with cancer, having received at least one targeted therapy prescribed as off‐label or compassionate use at a large Italian pediatric center between January 1, 2016 and June 30, 2021. Data collected included information on the patient and tumor, data on off‐label/compassionate treatment, and data on safety and efficacy.ResultsTotal 25 out of 45 patients treated with off‐label or compassionate targeted therapies were affected by onco‐hematological diseases. Overall, 22 out of the 52 agents (42%) were prescribed in patients with relapsed neoplasm and 39% (20/52) in patients with refractory diseases. Complete response was observed in more than half (27/52) of treatments. At least one adverse reaction occurred in 76% (n = 22) of agents administered to patients with onco‐hematological tumor and in 43% (n = 10) of agents prescribed to patients with solid tumor.ConclusionThis work aims to provide a snapshot of off‐label and compassionate use prescriptions in a large Italian pediatric cancer center. This study confirms that targeted agents for unauthorized indications are often prescribed in pediatric patients with cancer, especially after disease relapse and that these treatments are mostly tolerable and effective.
Side effects following COVID‐19 vaccination in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Belsky Jennifer A. , Carroll Whitney R. , Feliciano Anna , Jacob Seethal A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVulnerable patient populations have seen decreased rates of vaccination against SARS‐CoV2‐19 (COVID‐19) due to hesitancies and distrust, magnified by a paucity of data for certain populations. The rate of COVID‐19 vaccination in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) remains low despite the risk for severe complications, resulting in continued infections and hospitalizations from COVID‐19. We sought to describe vaccine reactions, including vaso‐occlusive crises, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations, in children with SCD. Our findings will start to provide the necessary vaccine side effect data to inform patients, caregivers, and clinicians considering the COVID‐19 primary vaccination series.
Information disclosure to cancer patients in Mainland China: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Chuqian , Cheng Guobin , Chen Xiaoying , Yu Lingling 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to systematically examine Chinese cancer patients' and families' preferences for information disclosure to the patient, patient awareness, and predictors of patient awareness.MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines were followed. Web of Science, Scopus, Proquest, Taylor & Francis Online, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched in April 2022 and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database in July 2022 for quantitative studies. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used for quality assessment.ResultsA total of 22 studies were included, and the average quality score was 0.65/1. Meta‐analyses showed that 89.6% and 81.8% of cancer patients wanted to know their diagnosis and prognosis, respectively. Meanwhile, 50.0% and 32.4% of families prefer diagnosis disclosure and prognosis disclosure to the patient, respectively. Significantly more patients than families favored disclosure to the patient. In reality, only 59.3% of cancer patients know their diagnosis, and 19.9% know their prognosis. For predictors, while patients' gender, cancer type (breast cancer or not), treatment method (operation or other), or complications (yes or no) do not influence diagnosis awareness, being younger, being married, having higher educational attainment, having early‐stage rather than late‐stage cancer, and being in a higher‐grade hospital all predict better chances of knowing a diagnosis. No study explored predictors of patients' prognosis awareness. The findings did not vary according to publication time or sample size.ConclusionsChinese cancer patients are eager to know their diagnosis and prognosis, but families are hesitant about disclosure to the patient, and patients' awareness is low. While cultural, legal, and medical backgrounds lay the foundation for information disclosure in Mainland China, case‐by‐case practical factors also make a difference.
MG53: A potential therapeutic target for kidney disease
Authors: Ke Ben , Shen Wen , Song Jianling , Fang Xiangdong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEnsuring cell survival and tissue regeneration by maintaining cellular integrity is important to the pathophysiology of many human diseases, including kidney disease. Mitsugumin 53 (MG53) is a member of the tripartite motif‐containing (TRIM) protein family that plays an essential role in repairing cell membrane injury and improving tissue regeneration. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that MG53 plays a renoprotective role in kidney diseases. Moreover, with the beneficial effects of the recombinant human MG53 (rhMG53) protein in the treatment of kidney diseases in different animal models, rhMG53 shows significant therapeutic potential in kidney disease. In this review, we elucidate the role of MG53 and its molecular mechanism in kidney disease to provide new approaches to the treatment of kidney disease.
Pathways to food insecurity: Migration, hukou and COVID‐19 in Nanjing, China
Authors: Xu Fei , Crush Jonathan , Zhong Taiyang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has issued significant challenges to food systems and the food security of migrants in cities. In China, there have been no studies to date focusing on the food security of migrants during the pandemic. To fill this gap, an online questionnaire survey of food security in Nanjing City, China, was conducted in March 2020. This paper situates the research findings in the general literature on the general migrant experience during the pandemic under COVID and the specifics of the Chinese policy of hukou. Using multiple linear regression and ordered logistic regression, the paper examines the impact of migration status on food security during the pandemic. The paper finds that during the COVID‐19 outbreak in 2020, households without local Nanjing hukou were more food insecure than those with Nanjing hukou. The differences related more to the absolute quantity of food intake, rather than reduction in food quality or in levels of anxiety over food access. Migrants in China and elsewhere during COVID‐19 experienced three pathways to food insecurity—an income gap, an accessibility gap, and a benefits gap. This conceptual framework is used to structure the discussion and interpretation of survey findings and also has wider potential applicability.
Aligning sustainable development goals with Industry 4.0 for the design of business model for printing and packaging companies
Authors: Kluczek Aldona , Gladysz Bartlomiej , Buczacki Aleksander , Krystosiak Krzysztof , Ejsmont Krzysztof , Palmer Erika 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGrowing concern for Industry 4.0 (I4.0) motivates to examine I4.0 technologies under the lens of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the context of digital technologies. The goal of the paper is to align SDGs with selected I4.0 technologies to conceptualize a digital business model for printing and packaging companies. In this perspective, a comprehensive literature review, quantitative survey and qualitative individual in‐depth interviews were conducted as a research approach. Findings revealed that printing and packaging companies achieved SDGs (8, 9 and 12) mostly through their value proposition by supporting I4.0 components (cybersecurity, system integration, cloud computing, big data and Internet of things [IoT]). The business model affirms a digital‐oriented transition towards sustainability, fostering further development of I4.0. It also highlights the importance of redesigning traditional business models to embrace digitalization. Despite the study limitations, the business model can be adapted to other companies of various sectors, improving their ‘profit centres’.
Construction of Nitrogen‐abundant Graphyne Scaffolds via Mechanochemistry‐Promoted Cross‐Linking of Aromatic Nitriles with Carbide Toward Enhanced Energy Storage
Authors: Fan Juntian , Wang Tao , Thapaliya Bishnu P. , Li Meijia , Do‐Thanh Chi‐Linh , Kobayashi Takeshi , Popovs Ilja , Yang Zhenzhen , Dai Sheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe 2D graphyne‐related scaffolds linked by carbon–carbon triple bonds have demonstrated promising applications in the field of catalysis and energy storage due to their unique features including high conductivity, permanent porosity, and electron‐rich properties. However, the construction of related scaffolds is still mainly limited to the cross‐linking of CaC2 with multiple substituted aromatic halogens and there is still a lack of efficient methodology capable of introducing high‐concentration heteroatoms within the architectures. The development of alternative and facile synthesis procedures to afford nitrogen‐abundant graphyne materials is highly desirable yet challenging in the field of energy storage, particularly via the facile mechanochemical procedure under neat and ambient conditions. Herein, graphyne materials with abundant nitrogen‐containing species (nitrogen content of 6.9–29.3 wt.%), tunable surface areas (43–865 m2 g−1), and hierarchical porosity are produced via the mechanochemistry‐driven pathway by deploying highly electron‐deficient multiple substituted aromatic nitriles as the precursors, which can undergo cross‐linking reaction with CaC2 to afford the desired nitrogen‐doped graphyne scaffolds efficiently. Unique structural features of the as‐synthesized materials contributed to promising performance in supercapacitor‐related applications, delivering high capacitance of 254.5 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1, attractive rate performance, and good long‐term stability.
Science, Social Responsibility, and Education: The Experience of Singapore During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tan Oon Seng , Chua Jallene Jia En 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this chapter we first outline how the pandemic unfolded United Kingdom before highlighting the key thinking and strategies Singapore adopted in policy responses towards the crisis. The two key principles of Singapore’s approach, science, and social responsibility, contributed greatly to its success in handling the public health crisis. This chapter will elaborate on these principles and examine how these policies were carried out in the educational realm. We look at how Singapore relied on its strengths of proactive rational planning and execution to facilitate the transition to home-based learning (HBL) and the subsequent re-opening of schools. Concomitant with policies to address health and well-being for all students were strategies to ensure continuity of learning, student engagement, and innovation in the new learning environment. The use of online learning portals such as the Student Learning Space enabled all students from primary to pre-university levels to have equal access to quality curriculum resources. Professional development and preparation of teachers pertaining to facilitating new modes of learning were as important as implementation measures. Given the unexpected impact of the pandemic and the need for scalability there were also many challenges to ensure equitable access and holistic well-being for vulnerable groups of students. Looking forward, we discuss the implications of the pandemic on Singapore’s education scene, such as how it elevated core issues related to curriculum, pedagogy, and design of learning environments. We talk about opportunities for some of these issues to be addressed in policy and research, and how doing so can better build an adaptable education system for the twenty-first century.
The Impact of COVID-19 on a Fragile Education System: The Case of South Africa
Authors: Soudien Crain , Reddy Vijay , Harvey Jaqueline 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter provides a critical look at what COVID-19 meant for the education sector in South Africa. It documents the path of the pandemic in the education space to understand its effects and the short-term responses of the education system. It begins with the premise that the South African educational system is structurally fragile. Its fragility arises out of the injustices of the apartheid system which disadvantaged schools and learners. It argues that the country has made progress in dealing with this legacy but that the drivers of change, such as improved household incomes, improved access to school materials and better nutrition, have come under strain in recent times. Because of COVID-19, the upward social mobility of low-income communities is growing in precarity while inequalities are exacerbated.
Ambitious and Sustainable Post-pandemic Workplace Design for Teachers: A Portrait of the Arizona Teacher Workforce
Authors: Audrain R. Lennon , Weinberg Andrea E. , Bennett Ashley , O’Reilly Joseph , Basile Carole G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe professional lives of teachers are in an incredible upheaval as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has potential implications for the teaching profession and the workforce. The ambiguity of what schools will look like in the future and growing disparities of children have teachers concerned that their jobs are more untenable than ever before. In this chapter, we examine the teaching workforce year into the pandemic. We focus specifically on Arizona and explore whether teachers stayed in the profession or exited during this time of uncertainty. Our analysis suggests that, to date, the pandemic has not had a significant impact on an already dire labor market in Arizona—classroom vacancies and teaching positions filled by under-qualified individuals were no higher in January 2021 than in January 2020. We conclude by arguing that, while focusing teacher recruitment may seem like a viable solution, it alone is insufficient. Rather, in a post-pandemic world, we must build new structures that increase teacher coordination and collaboration that leverage the expertise of all educators, ultimately leading to better working and workplace conditions. This critical examination begins to shed light on teaching, learning, and the preparation for both as we move to a post-pandemic future.
Education in the Time of COVID-19 in France, Ireland, the United Kingdom and the United States: the Nature and Impact of Remote Learning
Authors: Thorn William , Vincent-Lancrin Stéphan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter reviews the evidence of the impact on children’s education from the school closures, implemented over the period March-June 2020, as part of the lockdown measures put in place to control the spread of the Covid-19 virus. The sources of information are surveys of the adult population, parents/guardians of school-age children, teachers and students based on representative samples as well as achievement tests that were accessible by early 2021. The lockdowns and associated closures of schools implemented in response to the arrival of the Covid-19 pandemic represented a sudden and unprecedented event for which school authorities, teachers, parents, and students were unprepared. While distance and remote education arrangements were put in place at short notice, they represented an imperfect substitute to in-person schooling. In the short-term, the consequences of school closures and lockdowns appear to have been modest in scale and impact in the reviewed countries. For most (though by no means for all) children, missing 8–18 weeks of face-to-face schooling appears not to have had dramatic consequences for either their academic or broader development, or led to the significant widening of pre-existing inequalities. However, a definitive assessment of the impact of the school closures in the first half of 2020 will not be possible for some time.
Conclusions and Implications
Authors: Reimers Fernando M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter concludes the book, drawing on the preceding chapters to identify overarching themes that summarize the nature of the educational impact of COVID-19. It describes the educational loss that was created by the pandemic, particularly for disadvantaged students and more so in countries with lower levels of per capita income. Those losses were the result of impacts of the pandemic on poverty and household conditions, as well as the result of insufficient capacity of remote instruction to adequately sustain opportunity to learn. The efforts to maintain educational opportunity and to close equity gaps during the pandemic in some countries are also discussed, in the context of the role of educational inequality before the pandemic and of initial conditions to support remote instruction. The chapter examines also some of the silver linings resulting from the pandemic in the education sector, such as the greater recognition of the importance of schools, and of in person schooling, and the necessity to support the emotional and social development of students, in addition to their cognitive development. The chapter concludes discussing the challenges ahead created by the pandemic and underscores the urgency of maintaining the priority of education and remediating those learning losses during the remaining period of the pandemic and in the immediate aftermath, to mitigate the likely increase in poverty and social inequality that would result from the educational losses during COVID-19.
Experiences with Risk-Management and Remote Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil: Crises, Destitutions, and (Possible) Resolutions
Authors: Costin Claudia , Coutinho Allan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe chapter examines the difficult conditions under which states, and municipalities had to struggle to ensure learning continued during the social isolation demanded by the COVID-19 crisis in the country. Although it seemed reasonable to expect that the Federal government would respect the constitution and coordinate the educational response to the pandemic, that simply did not happen. The Minister of Education did not consider that such a responsibility should be carried out at the federal level. In the absence of leadership from the central government, the two organizations that congregate subnational secretaries decided to support their members and promote the exchange of practices, with some support from civil society organizations. Through the think tank established by the senior author of this chapter at a private university, CEIPE- Center for Excellence and Innovation in Education Policies, at the Getúlio Vargas Foundation, she participated in this effort, mentoring state and municipal level secretaries in their efforts to provide distance learning through a combination of media, such as TV, radio, and digital platforms. The chapter includes her own anecdotal observations of this national effort, drawing on interviews with secretaries and their teams as well as documents related to the experience as the evidence basis of the chapter. Unfortunately, this is not a story of triumph, since Brazil has been one of the countries with more months of schools being completely or partially closed. In addition to the ineffective approach to fighting the disease, which made Brazil’s rate of infection and deaths much worse than many countries in Latin America, the fact that mayoral elections coincided with COVID-19, introduced political reasons for schools to remain closed. The final part of the chapter draws lessons learned and discusses future possibilities for the future of education in Brazil.
COVID-19 and Post-pandemic Educational Policies in Mexico. What is at Stake?
Authors: Cárdenas Sergio , Lomelí Dulce , Ruelas Ignacio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Latin American region is experiencing an educational crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic since efforts to contain the outbreak will grow the deep educational and economic gaps characterizing this region. During the pandemic, Mexico’s central intervention to continue instructional activities in the basic education system was implementing distance education based on educational television. As expected, this intervention raised different concerns on its effectiveness and how different student populations will be affected. This chapter has four main goals: (a) to describe and analyze educational gaps before the pandemic, identifying the central educational policies implemented in previous decades; (b) to describe and analyze educational policies implemented during the pandemic and how these may affect students at risk; (c) to conduct a prospective analysis to identify potential effects of the sanitary crisis in the administration of the education system in Mexico, and (d) to identify the main policy lessons resulting from the Mexican government initial response to the COVID-19 sanitary crisis.
Homeschooling in Norway During the Pandemic-Digital Learning with Unequal Access to Qualified Help at Home and Unequal Learning Opportunities Provided by the School
Authors: Blikstad-Balas Marte , Roe Astrid , Dalland Cecilie Pedersen , Klette Kirsti 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has forced an unprecedented global shutdown that has greatly changed what it means to be a teacher, a student, and even a parent in the months that schools have been closed. While most school systems normally require daily physical attendance and bring students together in large groups to learn in a collective endeavor, the closing of schools and the months of social distancing have shifted the site of learning to the home, where learning happens primarily alone or with the help of family members through the technologies available. In this chapter, we report on how school shutdown has affected the students in Grades 1–10 across Norway, where teachers in March 2020 were asked to perform all their teaching from home, through digital devices and remote teaching. As in other countries, Norwegian teachers and school leaders were not prepared to go digital overnight, despite good technological infrastructure and a curriculum that explicitly emphasizes the importance of digital competence across subjects. Drawing on a national survey administered to parents (N = 4,642) about how digital homeschooling was organized, we have investigated what kind of educational opportunities students were offered during the period of remote teaching. Our key findings are that digital home schooling to a large degree consisted of students doing individual tasks, with limited support from their teachers, especially in the lowest grades. We discuss how the unequal access to qualified help at home challenges some of the core ideals of the Nordic model of education—where equal opportunities to learn is a key ambition.