bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychologically informed leadership coaching positively impacts the mental well-being of 80 senior doctors, medical and public health leaders
Authors: Day Fiona Jane 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionSenior doctors, medical and public health leaders frequently experience poor levels of mental well-being. The aim was to investigate whether psychologically informed leadership coaching impacted on the mental well-being of 80 UK-based senior doctors, medical and public health leaders.MethodsA pre–post study was undertaken during 2018–2022 of 80 UK senior doctors, medical and public health leaders. Before and after measures of mental well-being were measured using the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. The age range was 30–63 years (mean 44.5, mode and median, 45.0). Thirty-seven participants were male (46.3%). The proportion of non-white ethnicity was 21.3%.Participants undertook an average of 8.7 hours of bespoke 1:1 psychologically informed leadership coaching.ResultsThe mean well-being score before the intervention was 21.4 (SD=3.28). The mean well-being score after the intervention increased to 24.5 (SD=3.38). A paired samples t-test found that the increase in metric well-being scores after the intervention was statistically significant (t=−9.52, p<0.001; Cohen’s d=3.14).The mean improvement was+17.4% (median 115.8%, mode 100, range −17.7% to+202.4%). This was observed particularly in two subdomains.ConclusionPsychologically informed leadership coaching may be an effective way to improve mental well-being outcomes in senior doctors, medical and public heath leaders. The contribution of psychologically informed coaching is currently limited in medical leadership development research.
Oral candidiasis in a specialist palliative care unit: assessment, diagnosis, management
Authors: Bishop Browne Sarah , Munn Tanya , Cheng Anna , Lee Jessica Tsuann 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo evaluate current clinical practices of assessment, diagnosis and management of oral candidiasis in a specialist palliative care unit to improve patient outcomes through compliance with the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care Antimicrobial Stewardship Clinical Care Standard.MethodsA clinical audit cycle: review of 100 patient records preceded an educational intervention delivered over 4 weeks to clinical stakeholders, followed by a review of an additional 100 records.ResultsEleven patients in each cohort had oral candidiasis. A statistically significant improvement in documented rates of oral examination (33% to 51%, p=0.015) and appropriate microbiological testing (0% to 63.6%, p=0.004) was achieved. Documentation of oral symptoms and prescribing practices were unchanged.ConclusionsMeaningful changes in practice relating to oral assessment and diagnosis of oral candidiasis are possible. Future iterations of the audit cycle may benefit from multimodal interventions to encourage further practice change.
Rejuvenating infall: a crucial yet overlooked source of mass and angular momentum
Authors: Kuffmeier Michael , Jensen Sigurd S. , Haugbølle Troels 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMHD models and the observation of accretion streamers confirmed that protostars can undergo late accretion events after the initial collapse phase. To provide better constraints, we study the evolution of stellar masses in MHD simulations of a 4 pc$$^{3}$$3molecular cloud. Tracer particles allow us to accurately follow the trajectory of accreting material for all protostars and thereby constrain the accretion reservoir of the stars. The diversity of the accretion process implies that stars in the solar mass regime can have vastly different accretion histories. Some stars accrete most of their mass during the initial collapse phase, while others gain$$>50 \%$$>50%of their final mass from late infall. The angular momentum budget of stars that experience substantial late infall, so-called late accretors, is significantly higher than for stars without or with only little late accretion. As the probability of late infall increases with increasing final stellar mass, the specific angular momentum budget of higher mass stars is on average higher. The hypothetical centrifugal radius computed from the accreting particles at the time of formation is orders of magnitude higher than observed disk sizes, which emphasizes the importance of angular momentum transport during disk formation. Nevertheless, we find a correlation that the centrifugal radius is highest for stars with substantial infall, which suggests that very large disks are the result of recent infall events. There are also indications for a subtle trend of increasing centrifugal radius with increasing final stellar mass, which is in agreement with an observed marginal correlation of disk size and stellar mass. Finally, we show that late accretors become more embedded again during late infall. As a consequence, late accretors are (apparently) rejuvenated and would be classified as Class 0 objects according to their bolometric temperature despite being$$\sim 1$$∼1Myr old.
Accelerator mass spectrometry: an analytical tool with applications for a sustainable society
Authors: Kieser William E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAccelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) adds the techniques of higher energy charged particle acceleration to the basic principles of Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) to provide extremely low detection capability (below 1 femtogram) of rare isotopes in samples of natural materials as small as 1 mg. Depending on the element selected and the configuration of the equipment, rare isotope sensitivities can reach less than one part in 1015. The advantages of this small sample size and high sensitivity for the detection of rare isotopes include a) the economic benefit of collecting, shipping and preparing much smaller samples, and b) the ability to analyse specific chemical compounds within the sample. For the latter advantage, the pathway taken by that compound through a complex system can be more precisely traced or, in the case of radioactive isotopes, more precise chronological information can be provided. The paper is an amplification of material which was presented at the IAEA International Conference on Accelerators for Research and Sustainable Development: novel concepts and technical innovation. It begins with a basic overview of AMS technology, with an emphasis on how the use of higher energy contributes to this enhanced sensitivity, and then provides several examples of new AMS technologies which reduce the energy and space requirements for such systems. Several examples of applications which contribute to the investigation of sustainability in other areas of environmental concern are then briefly described.
Extent and significance of the Racklan–Forward Orogen in Canada: far-field interior reactivation during Nuna assembly
Authors: Pehrsson Sally , Eglington Bruce , Rainbird Robert , Regis Daniele , Ramaekers Paul , Jefferson Charlie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Mesoproterozoic orogenesis is well established on the western and southern flanks of Laurentia in the well-known Racklan–Forward and Mazatzal orogens, but its significance within the previously assembled interior of the supercontinent Nuna has not been established. We examine regional isotopic and structural evidence for Mesoproterozoic deformation in the
c.
1.7–1.63 Ga Hornby Bay, Elu, Thelon and Athabasca intracontinental basins, and present evidence for Mesoproterozoic reactivation of Paleoproterozoic structures in the Wopmay and Trans-Hudson orogens. The Racklan–Forward Orogeny in the interior of north Laurentia comprises north–south-trending, high-angle, east-vergent folds and thrusts that occur across a region 1660 km wide and over 1000 km long, stretching from the Yukon to near Hudson Bay and from Banks Island to below the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. The structures progress from ductile amphibolite and greenschist facies in the Racklan type area to sub-greenschist facies and ultimately brittle or brittle-ductile in the far foreland, showing a predominant thick-skinned style typical of many intracontinental orogens. We present compiled low-temperature thermochronological data, including ages of spatially associated uraninite mineralization, to characterize the scope of reactivation of basement structures in the Archean Rae craton in Nuna's interior. We compare the nature of widespread far-field reactivation in the Racklan–Forward Orogen with other orogens of Nuna's assembly to show it is unusual for Nuna's peripheral margin. We suggest that
c.
1.6 Ga continent–continent collision of North Australia with NW Laurentia propagated stresses far into the interior as a result of combined favourable pre-existing structural grain and a weak subcontinental lithospheric mantle in the Rae craton due to repeated episodes of refertilization across 500 Ma of accretion and intrusion. Cratons that experience the complex, two-sided collision and protracted upper plate setting during supercontinent assembly noted herein may be particularly susceptible to extensive foreland propagation of peripheral orogens.
A thermophilous and arid-tolerant flora from the Lower Jurassic of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, NW China, corresponding to the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event
Authors: Deng Shenghui , Yang Xiaoju , Lu Yuanzheng , Sha Jingeng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Twenty taxa of fossil plants are described from the Sangonghe Formation (Lower Jurassic) of the Haojiagou section in the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, NW China. The Sangonghe flora consists of Equisetales, ferns, bennettitaleans, ginkgoes, conifers and gnetales, but is dominated by ferns. It is a low-species-diversity but extraordinary flora as it has a high proportion (45%) of thermophilous or arid-tolerant (xerophilous) elements, in comparison to 0% in the underlying Badaowan Formation and
c.
2% in the overlying Xishanyao Formation. These thermophilous or arid-tolerant (xerophilous) elements include
Marattiopsis asiatica
Kawasaki,
Phlebopteris polypodioides
Brongniart and
Dictyophyllum
sp. (ferns),
Otozamites leckenbyi
Harris,
Otozamites
sp.,
Zamites
sp. and
Dictyozamites
sp. (bennettitaleans),
Brachyphyllum
(
Hirmeriella
?) sp. (conifers) and
Cadmisega ephedroides
Krassilov and Bugdaeva (gnetales). Based on the geological ranges of the known species and comparisons with coeval floras in Eurasia, the age of the Sangonghe flora is Toarcian (Early Jurassic). The flora reveals a climatic warming and aridification event that occurred during the Toarcian in the Junggar Basin. Palaeontological (including palaeobotanical and palynological), sedimentological and geochemical data demonstrate that warming and aridification occurred widely across the north of China during the Toarcian, and that this might be the response of the terrestrial ecosystem to the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event.
How Do Users Experience Traceability of AI Systems? Examining Subjective Information Processing Awareness in Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) Systems
Authors: Schrills Tim , Franke Thomas 
Published: March 2023

When interacting with artificial intelligence (AI) in the medical domain, users frequently face automated information processing, which can remain opaque to them. For example, users with diabetes may interact daily with automated insulin delivery (AID). However, effective AID therapy requires traceability of automated decisions for diverse users. Grounded in research on human-automation interaction, we study Subjective Information Processing Awareness (SIPA) as a key construct to research users’ experience of explainable AI. The objective of the present research was to examine how users experience differing levels of traceability of an AI algorithm. We developed a basic AID simulation to create realistic scenarios for an experiment with
N
= 80, where we examined the effect of three levels of information disclosure on SIPA and performance. Attributes serving as the basis for insulin needs calculation were shown to users, who predicted the AID system’s calculation after over 60 observations. Results showed a difference in SIPA after repeated observations, associated with a general decline of SIPA ratings over time. Supporting scale validity, SIPA was strongly correlated with trust and satisfaction with explanations. The present research indicates that the effect of different levels of information disclosure may need several repetitions before it manifests. Additionally, high levels of information disclosure may lead to a miscalibration between SIPA and performance in predicting the system’s results. The results indicate that for a responsible design of XAI, system designers could utilize prediction tasks in order to calibrate experienced traceability.
The Immunopeptidome from a Genomic Perspective: Establishing the Noncanonical Landscape of MHC Class I–Associated Peptides
Authors: Bedran Georges , Gasser Hans-Christof , Weke Kenneth , Wang Tongjie , Bedran Dominika , Laird Alexander , Battail Christophe , Zanzotto Fabio Massimo , Pesquita Catia , Axelson Håkan , Rajan Ajitha , Harrison David J. , Palkowski Aleksander , Pawlik Maciej , Parys Maciej , O'Neill J. Robert , Brennan Paul M. , Symeonides Stefan N. , Goodlett David R. , Litchfield Kevin , Fahraeus Robin , Hupp Ted R. , Kote Sachin , Alfaro Javier A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Tumor antigens can emerge through multiple mechanisms, including translation of noncoding genomic regions. This noncanonical category of tumor antigens has recently gained attention; however, our understanding of how they recur within and between cancer types is still in its infancy. Therefore, we developed a proteogenomic pipeline based on deep learning de novo mass spectrometry (MS) to enable the discovery of noncanonical MHC class I–associated peptides (ncMAP) from noncoding regions. Considering that the emergence of tumor antigens can also involve posttranslational modifications (PTM), we included an open search component in our pipeline. Leveraging the wealth of MS-based immunopeptidomics, we analyzed data from 26 MHC class I immunopeptidomic studies across 11 different cancer types. We validated the de novo identified ncMAPs, along with the most abundant PTMs, using spectral matching and controlled their FDR to 1%. The noncanonical presentation appeared to be 5 times enriched for the A03 HLA supertype, with a projected population coverage of 55%. The data reveal an atlas of 8,601 ncMAPs with varying levels of cancer selectivity and suggest 17 cancer-selective ncMAPs as attractive therapeutic targets according to a stringent cutoff. In summary, the combination of the open-source pipeline and the atlas of ncMAPs reported herein could facilitate the identification and screening of ncMAPs as targets for T-cell therapies or vaccine development.
Whole Genome Analysis of Venous Thromboembolism: the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine Program
Authors: Seyerle Amanda A. , Laurie Cecelia A. , Coombes Brandon J. , Jain Deepti , Conomos Matthew P. , Brody Jennifer , Chen Ming-Huei , Gogarten Stephanie M. , Beutel Kathleen M. , Gupta Namrata , Heckbert Susan R. , Jackson Rebecca D. , Johnson Andrew D. , Ko Darae , Manson JoAnn E. , McKnight Barbara , Metcalf Ginger A. , Morrison Alanna C. , Reiner Alexander P. , Sofer Tamar , Tang Weihong , Wiggins Kerri L. ,   Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine Program, Boerwinkle Eric , de Andrade Mariza , Gabriel Stacey B. , Gibbs Richard A. , Laurie Cathy C. , Psaty Bruce M. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Rice Ken , Kooperberg Charles , Pankow James S. , Smith Nicholas L. , Pankratz Nathan 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Risk for venous thromboembolism has a strong genetic component. Whole genome sequencing from the TOPMed program (Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine) allowed us to look for new associations, particularly rare variants missed by standard genome-wide association studies.

Methods:
The 3793 cases and 7834 controls (11.6% of cases were individuals of African, Hispanic/Latino, or Asian ancestry) were analyzed using a single variant approach and an aggregate gene-based approach using our primary filter (included only loss-of-function and missense variants predicted to be deleterious) and our secondary filter (included all missense variants).

Results:

Single variant analyses identified associations at 5 known loci. Aggregate gene-based analyses identified only
PROC
(odds ratio, 6.2 for carriers of rare variants;
P
=7.4×10
−14
) when using our primary filter. Employing our secondary variant filter led to a smaller effect size at
PROC
(odds ratio, 3.8;
P
=1.6×10
−14
), while excluding variants found only in rare isoforms led to a larger one (odds ratio, 7.5). Different filtering strategies improved the signal for 2 other known genes:
PROS1
became significant (minimum
P
=1.8×10
−6
with the secondary filter), while
SERPINC1
did not (minimum
P
=4.4×10
−5
with minor allele frequency <0.0005). Results were largely the same when restricting the analyses to include only unprovoked cases; however, one novel gene,
MS4A1
, became significant (
P
=4.4×10
−7
using all missense variants with minor allele frequency <0.0005).

Conclusions:

Here, we have demonstrated the importance of using multiple variant filtering strategies, as we detected additional genes when filtering variants based on their predicted deleteriousness, frequency, and presence on the most expressed isoforms. Our primary analyses did not identify new candidate loci; thus larger follow-up studies are needed to replicate the novel
MS4A1
locus and to identify additional rare variation associated with venous thromboembolism.
Genetic Identification of Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia by Long-Read Sequencing Among Patients With Clinically Diagnosed Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Chaudhry Ahsen , Trinder Mark , Vesely Kristin , Cermakova Lubomira , Jackson Linda , Wang Jian , Hegele Robert A. , Brunham Liam R. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by extremely elevated plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and accelerated atherosclerosis. Accurate identification of patients with HoFH is essential as they may be eligible for specialized treatments. We hypothesized that a subset of patients with clinically diagnosed heterozygous FH (HeFH) may in fact have HoFH, and this could be identified by genetic diagnosis.

Methods:

We recruited patients with a clinical diagnosis of HeFH based on a Dutch Lipid Clinic Network score ≥6 and no secondary cause of hypercholesterolemia. We performed targeted next-generation sequencing of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (
LDLR
), apolipoprotein B (
APOB
), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (
PCSK9
), and low-density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 (
LDLRAP1
) genes, followed by long-read sequencing of the
LDLR
gene in patients with >1 pathogenic
LDLR
variant. We examined lipid levels and cardiovascular events.

Results:

Among 705 patients with clinically diagnosed HeFH, we identified a single pathogenic variant in 300 (42.6%) and >1 pathogenic variant in the
LDLR
gene in 11 patients (1.6%). We established a genetic diagnosis of HoFH in 6 (0.9%) patients (3 true homozygotes and 3 compound heterozygotes). The mean baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and prevalence of premature cardiovascular disease of patients with genetically identified HoFH was significantly higher than patients with HeFH.

Conclusions:
In a cohort of patients with clinically diagnosed HeFH, genetic testing including long-read sequencing revealed that 0.9% had HoFH. These patients tended to have a more severe clinical phenotype. Genetic testing of patients with clinical FH may identify patients with HoFH that had eluded clinical diagnosis.
Long-Term Outcomes of Brugada Substrate Ablation: A Report from BRAVO (Brugada Ablation of VF Substrate Ongoing Multicenter Registry)
Authors: Nademanee Koonlawee , Chung Fa-Po , Sacher Frederic , Nogami Akihiko , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Jiang Chenyang , Hocini Meleze , Behr Elijah , Veerakul Gumpanart , Jan Smit Jaap , Wilde Arthur A.M. , Chen Shih-Ann , Yamashiro Kohei , Sakamoto Yuichiro , Morishima Itsuro , Das Mithilesh K. , Khongphatthanayothin Apichai , Vardhanabhuti Saran , Haissaguerre Michel 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Treatment options for high-risk Brugada syndrome (BrS) with recurrent ventricular fibrillation (VF) are limited. Catheter ablation is increasingly performed but a large study with long-term outcome data is lacking. We report the results of the multicenter, international BRAVO (Brugada Ablation of VF Substrate Ongoing Registry) for treatment of high-risk symptomatic BrS.

Methods:
We enrolled 159 patients (median age 42 years; 156 male) with BrS and spontaneous VF in BRAVO; 43 (27%) of them had BrS and early repolarization pattern. All but 5 had an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for cardiac arrest (n=125) or syncope (n=34). A total of 140 (88%) had experienced numerous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks for spontaneous VF before ablation. All patients underwent a percutaneous epicardial substrate ablation with electroanatomical mapping except for 8 who underwent open-thoracotomy ablation.

Results:

In all patients, VF/BrS substrates were recorded in the epicardial surface of the right ventricular outflow tract; 45 (29%) patients also had an arrhythmic substrate in the inferior right ventricular epicardium and 3 in the posterior left ventricular epicardium. After a single ablation procedure, 128 of 159 (81%) patients remained free of VF recurrence; this number increased to 153 (96%) after a repeated procedure (mean 1.2±0.5 procedures; median=1), with a mean follow-up period of 48±29 months from the last ablation. VF burden and frequency of shocks decreased significantly from 1.1±2.1 per month before ablation to 0.003±0.14 per month after the last ablation (
P
<0.0001). The Kaplan-Meier VF-free survival beyond 5 years after the last ablation was 95%. The only variable associated with a VF-free outcome in multivariable analysis was normalization of the type 1 Brugada ECG, both with and without sodium-channel blockade, after the ablation (hazard ratio, 0.078 [95% CI, 0.008 to 0.753];
P
=0.0274). There were no arrhythmic or cardiac deaths. Complications included hemopericardium in 4 (2.5%) patients.

Conclusions:
Ablation treatment is safe and highly effective in preventing VF recurrence in high-risk BrS. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether it can be an alternative treatment to implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation for selected patients with BrS.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04420078.