bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Carbon‐Based Electrodes for Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Kothandam Gopalakrishnan , Singh Gurwinder , Guan Xinwei , Lee Jang Mee , Ramadass Kavitha , Joseph Stalin , Benzigar Mercy , Karakoti Ajay , Yi Jiabao , Kumar Prashant , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCarbon‐based nanomaterials, including graphene, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes, are attracting significant attention as promising materials for next‐generation energy storage and conversion applications. They possess unique physicochemical properties, such as structural stability and flexibility, high porosity, and tunable physicochemical features, which render them well suited in these hot research fields. Technological advances at atomic and electronic levels are crucial for developing more efficient and durable devices. This comprehensive review provides a state‐of‐the‐art overview of these advanced carbon‐based nanomaterials for various energy storage and conversion applications, focusing on supercapacitors, lithium as well as sodium‐ion batteries, and hydrogen evolution reactions. Particular emphasis is placed on the strategies employed to enhance performance through nonmetallic elemental doping of N, B, S, and P in either individual doping or codoping, as well as structural modifications such as the creation of defect sites, edge functionalization, and inter‐layer distance manipulation, aiming to provide the general guidelines for designing these devices by the above approaches to achieve optimal performance. Furthermore, this review delves into the challenges and future prospects for the advancement of carbon‐based electrodes in energy storage and conversion.
A Sustainable Approach Using Nanocrystals Functionalized Green Alkanes as Efficient Antisolvents to Fabricate High‐Quality Perovskite Films
Authors: Xiu Jingwei , Han Bing , Gao Han , Chen Xihan , Chen Zhenhua , Gong Shaokuan , Yan Xianchang , Tian Wenming , Zhang Xusheng , Chen Tian , Feng Xiyuan , Chen Guocong , He Dong , Deng Yonghong , Jin Shengye , Slater Peter Raymond , He Zhubing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo address the toxicity concern of extensively used chlorobenzene (CB) and toluene antisolvents, it is urgent to explore green and more efficient antisolvents. In this work, a general and highly reproducible methodology of employing CsPbI3 nanocrystals (NCs) functionalized green alkanes with ultralow‐polarity (Alkane/NCs) as antisolvents to fabricate high‐quality perovskite films is reported. Compared with the CB processed, the perovskite films with much improved quality and high‐orientation are achieved by the Alkane/NCs approach. NCs in the alkane antisolvents are proven to provide enough heterogeneous nuclei, solving effectively the discontinuous film problem encountered from using pure alkanes. Strikingly, the lattice anchoring effect of NCs accounts for the high‐orientation growth of the perovskite films as revealed directly by cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM). Moreover, the phase segregation that easily occur in the CB processed perovskite film is successfully suppressed by the Alkane/NCs method. The optimal device conversion efficiency is enhanced from 21.59% to 23.10% from CB to octane (OCT)/NCs. Impressively, the alkane/NCs processed perovskite films and their devices exhibit much improved stability over CB, with the conversion efficiency remaining at 94% of its initial value after 500 h light soaking for OCT/NCs device, while the CB device fails at around 100 h.
A graph theory assisted Monte Carlo algorithm for simulating the topology structure of LDPE and connection with molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Wang Jie , Ren Yu , Yang Yao , Fan Xiaoqiang , Jiang Binbo , Huang Zhengliang , Wang Jingdai , Yang Yongrong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrecise simulation of the topology structure of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) chain is significant for product properties research. However, the chain structure symbolization methods in literature all rely on specially designed methods or temporary tricks, which are hard to understand and may induce some deviations in branch distribution prediction. To overcome this problem, a graph theory assisted Monte Carlo algorithm is developed for chain topology structure simulation of LDPE. The new symbolization method provides better accuracy and is much easy for code implementation and integration in other software. In detail, the average long chain branching predicted by this method is always smaller than that predicted by traditional methods, and much closer to the experimental results. Furthermore, the predicted topology structure information of LDPE chains can be provided as input data for molecular dynamics simulation to study the crystal process, and the predicted crystallinity and density also show good agreement with experiments.
Electroreductive Coupling of Aldehydes and Subsequent Pinacol Rearrangement for 1,2‐Disubstituted Ethanones
Authors: Zhao Youyuan , Jin Ye , Liu Mao , Zhao Wenfeng , Jiang Nan , Ge Qingmei , Cong Hang , Tao Zhu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn electrochemical method for the generation of 1,2‐diols through the reductive coupling of aldehydes has been developed, and the 1,2‐diols were used directly without separation for the pinacol rearrangement process. The electro‐organic strategy had mild reaction conditions and avoided the use of reductants. The pinacol rearrangement was controllable to access to the hydride‐migrated product 1,2‐disubstituted. The key factor in selectivity was the use of macrocyclic compound cucurbit[7]uril, which plays a key role in the interaction with aromatic ring of 1,2‐diol. On the basis of experimental results, the mechanism, include the electroreductive coupling and pinacol rearrangement process, was illustrated.
Outstanding Quadratic to Septic Optical Nonlinearity at Dipolar Alkynylmetal‐Porphyrin Hybrids
Authors: Wang Huan , Morshedi Mahbod , Kodikara Mahesh S. , de Coene Yovan , Clays Koen , Zhang Chi , G. Humphrey Mark 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPorphyrins are important macrocycles with applications in several areas including therapy, catalysis, and sensing. Strong nonlinear optical (NLO) responses are the key to fully exploiting the potential of these biocompatible molecules. We herein report that certain metal‐alkynyl donor/nitro acceptor‐functionalized porphyrins are attractive candidates for NLO applications. We show that specific examples exhibit record quadratic optical nonlinearity, exceptional two‐photon absorption, and outstanding three‐photon absorption, and we report the first porphyrins that exhibit four‐photon absorption. The two‐, three‐, and four‐photon absorption maxima are found at the corresponding multiples of linear absorption bands that time‐dependent density functional theory assigns as admixtures of porphyrin‐localized π*←π and donor‐porphyrin to porphyrin‐acceptor charge‐transfer transitions.
Diazoalkene – Von einem flüchtigen Intermediat zu einer neuen stabilen Substanzklasse in der Organischen Chemie
Authors: Hansmann Max M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractÜber Jahrzehnte wurden Diazoalkene (R2C=C=N2) als reaktive Intermediate in der organischen Chemie postuliert, obwohl sich ihr direkter spektroskopischer Nachweis als sehr schwierig erwies. In den 1970/80er Jahren untersuchten mehrere Gruppen ihre Existenz hauptsächlich indirekt durch Abfangexperimente oder direkt durch Matrixisolationsstudien. In 2021 berichteten unsere Gruppe und die Severin Gruppe unabhängig voneinander über die Synthese und Charakterisierung der ersten bei Raumtemperatur stabilen Diazoalkene, was ein schnell expandierendes Forschungsgebiet darstellt. Soweit wurden vier verschiedene Klassen von N‐heterozyklisch substituierten, raumtemperaturstabilen Diazoalkenen beschrieben. Ihre Eigenschaften und einzigartige Reaktivität, wie z. B. N2/CO‐Austausch oder die Verwendung als Vinylidenvorläufer in der organischen und Übergangsmetallchemie, werden vorgestellt. Diese Übersicht fasst die frühen Entdeckungen von Diazoalkenen zusammen, von ihrer anfänglichen Postulierung als flüchtige, schwer fassbare Spezies bis hin zu den jüngsten Erkenntnissen über raumtemperaturstabile Derivate.
Sulfone‐Modified Covalent Organic Frameworks Enabling Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Generation via One‐Step Two‐Electron O2 Reduction
Authors: Luo Yu , Zhang Beiping , Liu Chenchen , Xia Dehua , Ou Xinwen , Cai Yanpeng , Zhou Yang , Jiang Jin , Han Bin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhotocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) offers a promising hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) synthetic strategy, especially the one‐step two‐electron (2e−) ORR route holds great potential in achieving highly efficient and selectivity. However, efficient one‐step 2e− ORR is rarely harvested and the underlying mechanism for regulating the ORR pathways remains greatly obscure. Here, by loading sulfone units into covalent organic frameworks (FS‐COFs), we present an efficient photocatalyst for H2O2 generation via one‐step 2e− ORR from pure water and air. Under visible light irradiation, FS‐COFs exert a superb H2O2 yield of 3904.2 μmol h−1 g−1, outperforming most reported metal‐free catalysts under similar conditions. Experimental and theoretical investigation reveals that the sulfone units accelerate the separation of photoinduced electron‐hole (e−‐h+) pairs, enhance the protonation of COFs, and promote O2 adsorption in the Yeager‐type, which jointly alters the reaction process from two‐step 2e− ORR to the one‐step one, thereby achieving efficient H2O2 generation with high selectivity.
Effects of artificial diet breeding on intestinal microbial populations at the young stage of silkworm (Bombyx mori)
Authors: Shu Qilong , Wang Yuanfei , Gu Haoyi , Zhu Qingyu , Liu Wei , Dai Yan , Li Fanchi , Li Bing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an economically important insect and serves as a model organism for Lepidoptera. To investigate the effects of the intestinal microbial population on the growth and development of larvae fed an artificial diet (AD) during the young stages, we analyzed the characteristics of the intestinal microbial population using 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. Our results revealed that the intestinal flora of the AD group tended to be simple by the 3rd‐instar, which Lactobacillus accounting for 14.85% and leading to a decreased pH in the intestinal fluid. In contrast, the intestinal flora of silkworms in the mulberry leaf (ML) group showed continuous growth of diversity, with Proteobacteria accounting for 37.10%, Firmicutes accounting for 21.44%, and Actinobacteria accounting for 17.36%. Additionally, we detected the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes at different instars and found that the activity of digestive enzymes in the AD group increased by larval instar. Protease activity in the AD group was lower during the 1st‐ to 3rd‐instars compared to the ML group, while α‐amylase and lipase activities were significantly higher in the AD group during the 2nd‐ and 3rd‐instar compared to the ML group. Furthermore, our experimental results indicated that changes in the intestinal population decreased the pH and affected the activity of proteases, which might contribute to the slower growth and development of larvae in the AD group. In summary, this study provides a reference for investigating the relationship between artificial diet and intestinal flora balance.
Ionothermally Synthesized Nanoporous Ti0.95W0.05Nb2O7: a Novel Anode Material for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Tao Runming , Zhang Tianyu , Sun Xiao‐Guang , Do‐Thanh Chi‐Linh , Dai Sheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlthough TiNb2O7 is regarded as a fast‐rechargeable lithium‐ion battery (LIB) anode material, the intrinsic poor electrochemical kinetics of TiNb2O7 still dramatically impedes its development. Herein, an ionothermal synthesis‐assisted doping strategy is proposed for the preparation of a new W6+‐doped TiNb2O7 material (Ti0.95W0.05Nb2O7) with nanoporous structure (denoted as NPTWNO). The improved Li+ diffusion coefficient of NPTWNO suggests that the ionic‐liquid‐templated nanoporous architecture improves the Li+ diffusion kinetics. The density functional theory computational study reveals that the doped W6+ successfully boosts the electronic conductivity due to the narrowed conduction‐valance bandgap resulted from charge redistribution, which is reflected by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data. With the simultaneously enhanced Li+ diffusivity and electronic conductivity, NPTWNO achieves fast‐rechargeability in LIBs. Therefore, this work indicates the potential of ionothermal synthesis‐assisted doping strategy on energy storage materials and offers NPTWNO material with promising electrochemical performance.
Clinical features of patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis at plateau areas
Authors: Yang Yongxiang , Cheng Jingmin , Peng Yuping , Luo Yan , Zou Dongbo , Yang Yongjian , Ma Yuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveCerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is believed to be associated with high‐altitude exposure and has worse clinical prognosis in plateau areas than in plain areas, although this needs to be further verified. This retrospective study aims to compare the clinical differences of patients with CVST in plateau and plain areas and further ascertain the role of high‐altitude exposure in the etiology of aggravating predisposition toward CVST.MethodsTwenty‐four symptomatic CVST patients occurring at plateau areas (altitude ≥ 4000 m), in corresponding with 24 CVST patients occurring at plain areas (altitude ≤ 1000 m), were recruited according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria from June 2020 to December 2021. The collected data and compared parameters include clinical features, neuroimaging findings, hematology profile, lipid profile, and coagulation profile within 24 h of hospital admission, as well as the treatment method and final outcome.ResultsThere were no obvious differences of demographic characteristics, including gender, age, height, and weight between patients with CVST in plateau and plain areas, as well as medical history, neuroimaging findings, treatment protocols, and clinical outcome (all p > .05). Compared to patients with CVST at plain areas, time before hospital admission was longer and heartbeat was slower in patients with CVST at plateau areas (all p < .05). More importantly, elevated red blood cells counts, hemoglobin level, and altered coagulation function were found in patients with CVST at plateau areas (all p < .05).ConclusionCVST patients in plateau areas presented with altered clinical characteristics, altered coagulation function, and aggravated predisposition toward venous thromboembolism compared with CVST patients in plain areas. Future prospective studies will be needed to further elucidate the influences of a high altitude on the pathogenesis of CVST.
The posterior gastric artery: A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Nikov Andrej , Gürlich Robert , Kachlík David , Whitley Adam 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to review the literature on the posterior gastric artery, estimate its prevalence and summarize its reported origins. The databases Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched to find all studies describing the prevalence and origin of the posterior gastric artery. Pooled prevalences were estimated using a random effects model. Thirty‐eight studies with a total of 3366 subjects were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of the posterior gastric artery was 57.4% (95% CI = 49.1%–65.7%). The prevalence of the posterior gastric artery was significantly higher in surgical studies than in cadaveric and angiographic studies. There were no differences in prevalence between multi‐detector computed tomography studies and cadaveric studies, nor were there differences when comparing geographical location or study size. Origin data were extracted from 34 studies, with a total of 1533 cases. The posterior gastric artery arose as a single vessel from the splenic artery in 1160 cases (pooled prevalence 86.5% [95% CI = 78.5%–94.7%]), from the superior polar splenic artery in 339 cases (pooled prevalence 11.8% [95% CI = 3.7%–19.9%]) and from other origins in 50 cases (pooled prevalence 0.27% [95% CI = 0.00–0.71%]). The posterior gastric artery is present in 57.4% of cases and most commonly arises from the splenic artery. It should be identified before gastric resections as it may be an important source of blood to the gastric stump. Multi‐detector computed tomography has sufficient sensitivity to detect it before surgery.
What is the appropriate genetic testing criteria for breast cancer in the Chinese population?—Analysis of genetic and clinical features from a single cancer center database
Authors: Ni Mengqian , Wang Fang , Yang Anli , Shao Qiong , Xue Cong , Xia Wen , Xu Fei , Lin Xi , Huang Jiajia , Bi Xiwen , Hong Ruoxi , Chen Meiting , Zheng Qiufan , Jiang Kuikui , Xie Xinhua , Tang Jun , Wang Xi , Yuan Zhongyu , Wang Shusen , Shi Yanxia , An Xin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundGenetic testing plays an important role in guiding screening, diagnosis, and precision treatment of breast cancer (BC). However, the appropriate genetic testing criteria remain controversial. The current study aims to facilitate the development of suitable strategies by analyzing the germline mutational profiles and clinicopathological features of large‐scale Chinese BC patients.MethodsBC patients who had undergone genetic testing at the Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) from September 2014 to March 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Different screening criteria were applied and compared in the population cohort.ResultsA total of 1035 BC patients were enrolled, 237 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (P/LPV) were identified in 235 patients, including 41 out of 203 (19.6%) patients tested only for BRCA1/2 genes, and 194 out of 832 (23.3%) received 21 genes panel testing. Among the 235 P/LPV carriers, 222 (94.5%) met the NCCN high‐risk criteria, and 13 (5.5%) did not. While using Desai's criteria of testing, all females diagnosed with BC by 60 years and NCCN criteria for older patients, 234 (99.6%) met the high‐risk standard, and only one did not. The 21 genes panel testing identified 4.9% of non‐BRCA P/LPVs and a significantly high rate of variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) (33.9%). The most common non‐BRCA P/LPVs were PALB2 (11, 1.3%), TP53 (10, 1.2%), PTEN (3, 0.4%), CHEK2 (3, 0.4%), ATM (3, 0.4%), BARD1 (3, 0.4%), and RAD51C (2, 0.2%). Compared with BRCA1/2 P/LPVs, non‐BRCA P/LPVs showed a significantly low incidence of NCCN criteria listed family history, second primary cancer, and different molecular subtypes.ConclusionsDesai's criteria might be a more appropriate genetic testing strategy for Chinese BC patients. Panel testing could identify more non‐BRCA P/LPVs than BRCA1/2 testing alone. Compared with BRCA1/2 P/LPVs, non‐BRCA P/LPVs exhibited different personal and family histories of cancer and molecular subtype distributions. The optimal genetic testing strategy for BC still needs to be investigated with larger continuous population studies.
The changes of subtype markers between first and second primary breast cancers
Authors: Li Chenyang , Lyu Zhangyan , Wang Zhipeng , Hao Chunfang , Huang Yubei , Song Fengju 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies investigated the changes of subtype markers [estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)] in several clinical settings, but not for second primary breast cancer (SPBC) after first primary breast cancer (FPBC).MethodsA total of 15,390 patients with SPBC were preliminarily selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, and 3777 patients with complete information on three subtype markers in both FPBC and SPBC were included in the final analyses. The changes of subtype markers and their prognostic implications and potential influential factors were well investigated.ResultsThe overall change rates of ER, PR, and HER2 between FPBC and SPBC were 23.0% (867/3777), 35.0% (1322/3777), and 18.3% (691/3777), respectively. Gains of ER, PR, and HER2 after negative index markers were 48.7% (364/748), 37.9% (418/1103), and 11.5% (370/3211), while losses of markers after positive index markers were 16.6% (503/3029), 33.8%(904/2674), and 56.7%(321/566). Loss of ER was significantly associated with increased mortality (18.1% vs. 7.9%, p < 0.001), while gain of ER was significantly associated with decreased mortality (11.5% vs. 23.2%, p < 0.001). Similar results were observed for changes of PR status. However, loss of HER2 was significantly associated with decreased mortality (8.7% vs. 16.3%, p = 0.014), and no significant association was observed between the gain of HER2 and the prognosis of SPBC. Multivariate competing risk analyses showed similar results. HER2 status in FPBC, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy was significantly associated with changes of ER/PR (all p < 0.05), and no available therapies associated with HER2 change.ConclusionThe changes of subtype markers are observed in a considerable proportion of patients and has statistically significant prognostic implications. Biopsies should be taken as a routine procedure for better therapy management.
Latent heterogeneity of muscle‐invasive bladder cancer in patient characteristics and survival: A population‐based nation‐wide study in the Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe)
Authors: Häggström Christel , Rowley Mark , Liedberg Fredrik , Coolen Anthony C. C. , Holmberg Lars 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) constitute a heterogenous group in terms of patient and tumour characteristics (‘case‐mix’) and prognosis. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether differences in survival could be used to separate MIBC patients into separate classes using a recently developed latent class regression method for survival analysis with competing risks.MethodsWe selected all participants diagnosed with MIBC in the Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBase) and analysed inter‐patient heterogeneity in risk of death from bladder cancer and other causes.ResultsUsing data from 9653 MIBC patients, we detected heterogeneity with six distinct latent classes in the studied population. The largest, and most frail class included 50% of the study population and was characterised by a somewhat larger proportion of women, higher age at diagnosis, more advanced disease and lower probability of curative treatment. Despite this, patients in this class treated with curative intent by radical cystectomy or radiotherapy had a lower association to risk of death. The second largest class included 23% and was substantially less frail as compared to the largest class. The third and fourth class included each around 9%–10%, whereas the fifth and sixth class included each 3%–4% of the population.ConclusionsResults from the current study are compatible with previous research and the method can be used to adjust comparisons in prognosis between MIBC populations for influential differences in the distribution of sub‐classes.