bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fostering informal learning strategies in the workplace: A training study
Authors: Kittel Anne Frieda Doris , Seufert Tina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundMost workplace learning is informal. However, some employees struggle to execute informal learning strategies effectively because they lack the necessary knowledge or skills or use their knowledge and skills ineffectively or not at all.ObjectivesWe examined the effects of computer‐based micro‐learning interventions that provide strategy knowledge, prompts, or both, on strategy knowledge, strategy use, and goal achievement—to compensate for these deficits.MethodsA total of 122 employees were randomized into four interventions groups, that is, knowledge, prompts, both, and waiting control group, for a longitudinal micro‐learning training experiment. The participants received 10 micro‐learning nuggets over a month.Results and ConclusionCompared with the control group, results of the interventions suggested that providing knowledge led to more declarative knowledge. Surprisingly, prompts resulted in more declarative knowledge. Combined interventions led to greater declarative knowledge, but no further synergetic effects could be observed. Over the training course, results showed positive, cubic effects on strategy use and for individual goal achievement for the prompts and combined intervention group. Qualitative data suggest a self‐assessment adjustment of strategy use. In future studies, interventions could be custom‐designed to compensate for the different deficits.
Reduced 2,4‐dienoyl‐CoA reductase 1 is served as an unfavorable biomarker and is related to immune infiltration in cervical cancer
Authors: Guo Suiqun , Jiang Huiping , Deng Yuanrun , Dong Yanqi , Yin Aiqi , Wang Qinghai , Lan Qiudai , Zhang Yilin , Xu Caiqiu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundWorldwide, cervical cancer (CC) remains the most prevalent malignancy of the female reproductive system, posing a threat to women's life and health, and increasing the medical and economic burden on society. Therefore, the search for tumor biomarkers for CC remains an important research direction. Immunotherapy has significantly improved patient outcomes, and genes related to tumor immune infiltration have been clinically relevant and highly reproducible biomarkers that affect the prognosis and response to treatment of CC. 2,4‐dienoyl‐CoA reductase 1 (DECR1) was considered to be an oncogene in a previous study, but relationship between DECR1 and immune infiltration was not mentioned. Our study aimed to reveal the clinical value of DECR1 in CC and to investigate its relationship with immune infiltration.MethodsHuman Protein Atlas was used to identify the localization of DECR1. The Ualcan database, TCGA, and IHC were used to assess the prognostic value of DECR1. GSEA was used to assess the possible signaling pathways of DECR1 in CC. The TIMER database was applied to reveal the relevance between DECR1 and immune infiltration. GEPIA was conducted to detect the co‐relationship among DECR1, immune markers, and typical molecules of apoptosis.ResultsDECR1 was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and overlapped with the endoplasmic reticulum. DECR1 was downregulated in CC compared to adjacent tissue. Survival analysis showed that patients with lower expression of DECR1 have a worse prognosis in CC. GSEA suggested that DECR1 was closely related to apoptosis signaling. TIMER showed that DECR1 was positively correlated with CD8+ T cell and CD4+ T cell but not with B cell in CC.ConclusionDECR1 may be a potential cancer suppressor in CC and may be involved in apoptotic pathways and associated with immune infiltration.
Powdery mildew of chayote (Sechium edule) caused by Podosphaera xanthii race 2 in Brazil
Authors: Borges Rafaela Cristina Ferreira , Fonseca Maria Esther de Noronha , Boiteux Leonardo Silva , Santos Maria do Desterro Mendes , Veloso Josiene Silva , Aguiar Frederick Mendes , Reis Ailton 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe causal agent of chayote (Sechium edule) powdery mildew (PM) was identified in Brazil. Microscopic examinations revealed hyaline and ovoid conidia, borne in chains and displaying distinctive extra‐vacuolar fibrosin bodies. Morphology agreed to the standard description of the anamorph of Podosphaera xanthii. To confirm this identification, genomic DNA was extracted from field isolates and used in PCR assays with ITS primers. Amplicons were Sanger‐sequenced and the nucleotide alignments of all isolates displayed identity levels above 97% with P. xanthii isolates in GenBank database. Phylogenetic analyses indicated only P. xanthii isolates as the PM‐inducing pathogens in chayote. Inoculation assays were performed using chayote, zucchini and a set of muskmelon differential cultigens for determination of the physiological races of P. xanthii. All chayote isolates were pathogenic to chayote and zucchini seedlings. Five isolates were also pathogenic to the muskmelon cultigens ‘Hale's Best Jumbo’, ‘Védrantais’, ‘PMR‐45’ and ‘Edisto 47’, whereas ‘PMR‐5’ was asymptomatic during the experimental period. The virulence profile of chayote‐infecting isolates allowed their classification as P. xanthii race 2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first worldwide report of P. xanthii race 2 in chayote. This report has relevant epidemiological and disease management implications, allowing more sustainable chayote cultivation under tropical and subtropical conditions.
The effect of lumbosacral transitional vertebra on lumbar spine degeneration and spondylolisthesis among patients with low back pain
Authors: Coskun Benlidayi Ilke , Tirasci Emre 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo examine the impact of lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) on lumbar spine degeneration, disc protrusion, and spondylolisthesis among patients with low back pain.MethodsThe records of the patients who had undergone anterioposterior lumbar radiographs and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for low back pain between November 2014 and September 2021 were extracted retrospectively and assessed for eligibility. Of the remaining patients, those with LSTV were assigned as “case group.” Age‐ and sex‐matched patients without LSTV were assigned as “control group.” On digitalized lumbar MRIs, Modic degeneration (type I–III) and Pfirrman's disc degeneration (grade I–V) immediately cephalad to the transitional level were evaluated; intervertebral disc height (mm), disc protrusion (mm), and percentage of vertebral slippage (%) were measured.ResultsOf the 501 patients with low back pain, 128 ineligible patients were excluded; 113 patients with LSTV and 117 age‐ and sex‐matched controls were included in the study. LSTV group revealed decreased intervertebral disc height, increased vertebral endplate degeneration, and slippage, as well as increased disc degeneration and protrusion when compared with controls (p < 0.001). Patients with type III LSTV had greater disc protrusion and higher percentage of slippage compared to those with type I LSTV (p = 0.008 and p = 0.009, respectively). Vertebral endplate degeneration, disc height, and disc degeneration did not differ across categories of LSTV type.ConclusionLumbosacral transitional vertebra malformation is related to decreased intervertebral disc height, increased disc degeneration, vertebral endplate degeneration, disc protrusion, and slippage above the level of transition. Patients with type III LSTV revealed the highest percentage of slippage and disc protrusion.
Use of tofacitinib in baricitinib‐refractory atopic dermatitis: An example of JAK inhibitor switching
Authors: Dhir Bhawuk , Meena Sumitra Kumari , Sardana Kabir , Sharath Savitha 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is predominantly mediated by a T‐helper 2 immune system response. While JAK inhibitors have gained treatment approval for AD, data regarding interclass efficacy and therapeutic rationale is lacking. We report a patient with recalcitrant AD who failed baricitinib but demonstrated an excellent response to the pan‐JAK inhibitor tofacitinib.
Morphea as an isotopic response to pigmented purpuric dermatosis and lichen striatus
Authors: McClure Erin , Valaas Laura , Brandling‐Bennett Heather 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMorphea is an uncommon inflammatory and fibrosing disorder that has a polymorphous clinical presentation. We report two cases of morphea developing as an isotopic response after a preceding benign skin disease, accompanied by a review of the literature. This case series highlights the importance of return to care recommendations for benign skin conditions such lichen striatus and pigmented purpuric dermatoses due to the rare possibility of subsequent morphea development.
Patient‐reported outcomes for bone regenerative procedures
Authors: Gotfredsen Klaus 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEvidence‐based dentistry used for decision‐making and assessment of treatment includes three components: evidence from the literature, clinical expertise, and patient expectations. Patient satisfaction embraces affability, availability, and ability and can be examined using questionnaires or structured questions to the patient to evaluate patient perception of the treatment. The questions can be quantified using dichotomous, point, or visual analog scales. This would be a straightforward patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM). Validated and specific oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) questionnaires such as the oral health impact profile (OHIP), oral impact on daily performance (OIDP), or the dental impact on daily living (DIDL) can be used as PROMs, and these measures are appropriate for population studies, where you can measure changes over time and differences between treatment groups. PROMs have shown to enhance patient engagement when integrated into clinical care. PROMs for bone regenerative procedures are mainly used as secondary outcome and are concentrating on the prosthetic outcome more than the pain, discomfort, anxiety, and cost of the surgical procedures. Surprisingly, most patients are satisfied and willing to have the procedures performed again. Whether this is recall bias or not and how the information’s from the dentist and the team influence the patients answers to PROMs questionnaires are discussed. The importance of patient perspectives in bone regeneration procedures is obvious and combined with clinical outcome measures, it increases our ability to provide better care. Studies using PROMs as a primary outcome variable are required.
The lesser of two evils: Assessing the public acceptance of AI thermal facial recognition during the COVID‐19 crisis
Authors: Shi Jia , Hu Xiangnan , Guo Xuesong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAI thermal facial recognition (AITFR) has been rapidly applied globally in the fight against Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, AITFR has also been accompanied by a controversy regarding whether the public accepts it. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the acceptance of AITFR during the COVID‐19 crisis. Drawing upon the theory of acceptable risk and Siegrist's causal model of public acceptance (PA), we built a combined psychological model that included the perceived severity of COVID‐19 (PSC) to describe the influencing factors and pathways of AITFR acceptance. This model was verified through a survey conducted in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China, which collected 754 valid questionnaires. The results show that (1) COVID‐19 provides various application scenarios for AI‐related technologies. However, the respondents’ trust in AITFR was found to be very low. Additionally, the public appeared concerned about the privacy disclosure issue and the accuracy of the AITFR algorithm. (2) The PSC, social trust (ST), and perceived benefit (PB) were found to directly affect AITFR acceptance. (3) The PSC was found to have a significant positive effect on perceived risk (PR). PR was found to have no significant effect on PA, which is inconsistent with the findings of previous studies. (4) The PB were found to be a stronger mediator of the indirect effect of the PSC on ST induced by AITFR acceptance.
Seasonal assessment of risks to canoeists’ health in a Taiwanese recreational river
Authors: Liu Chu‐Chih , Jang Cheng‐Shin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCanoeing is the most favorite recreational activity in several Taiwanese rivers. However, river water frequently contains elevated levels of pathogenic Escherichia coli, which has adverse effects on human health. This study adopted a quantitative microbial risk assessment to analyze seasonal risks to canoeists’ health in the Dongshan River, Taiwan. First, river E. coli concentrations were statistically analyzed to determine the seasonal distributions. The exposure duration (ED) was determined by field observations. To propagate the parametric uncertainty, Monte Carlo simulation was employed to model the probability distributions of seasonal pathogenic E. coli levels, ingestion rates, and ED for athletes. Finally, the beta‐Poisson dose–response model was implemented to determine seasonal health risks for canoeists. The study results indicated that the health risks in infection probability ranged from 0.5 × 10−3 to 8.8 × 10−3 illnesses/person/day for tourists and 1.2 × 10−3 to 7.7 × 10−3 illnesses/person/day for athletes. The health risks in the Lizejian Bridge area for tourists exceeded an acceptable level suggested by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 8 × 10−3 illnesses/person/day, in spring for an ED of 2 h/day, and the health risks for tourists and athletes approached this level in spring and winter for an ED exceeding or equaling 1.5 h/day. According to sensitivity analysis, the geometric standard deviation of river E. coli levels was the most sensitive parameter affecting seasonal risks to canoeists’ health. To protect canoeists’ health, effluent sewer systems, best management practices, and total maximum daily loads should be promptly implemented in this watershed.
Immune activation during Pseudomonas infection causes local cell wall remodeling and alters AGP accumulation
Authors: Kim Sang‐Jin , Bhandari Deepak D. , Sokoloski Rylee , Brandizzi Federica 
Published: July 2023

SUMMARYThe plant cell boundary generally comprises constituents of the primary and secondary cell wall (CW) that are deposited sequentially during development. Although it is known that the CW acts as a barrier against phytopathogens and undergoes modifications to limit their invasion, the extent, sequence, and requirements of the pathogen‐induced modifications of the CW components are still largely unknown, especially at the level of the polysaccharide fraction. To address this significant knowledge gap, we adopted the compatible Pseudomonas syringae–Arabidopsis thaliana system. We found that, despite systemic signaling actuation, Pseudomonas infection leads only to local CW modifications. Furthermore, by utilizing a combination of CW and immune signaling‐deficient mutants infected with virulent or non‐virulent bacteria, we demonstrated that the pathogen‐induced changes in CW polysaccharides depend on the combination of pathogen virulence and the host's ability to mount an immune response. This results in a pathogen‐driven accumulation of CW hexoses, such as galactose, and an immune signaling‐dependent increase in CW pentoses, mainly arabinose, and xylose. Our analyses of CW changes during disease progression also revealed a distinct spatiotemporal pattern of arabinogalactan protein (AGP) deposition and significant modifications of rhamnogalacturonan sidechains. Furthermore, genetic analyses demonstrated a critical role of AGPs, specifically of the Arabinoxylan Pectin Arabinogalactan Protein1, in limiting pathogen growth. Collectively, our results provide evidence for the actuation of significant remodeling of CW polysaccharides in a compatible host‐pathogen interaction, and, by identifying AGPs as critical elements of the CW in plant defense, they pinpoint opportunities to improve plants against diverse pathogens.
Performance of a manually operated salad spinner centrifuge for serum separation in the healthy domestic horse (Equus caballus) and southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum)
Authors: Cassady Katherine R. , Minter Larry J. , Gruber Erika J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundField veterinarians and researchers studying wild species, such as the southern white rhinoceros, often work in remote areas with limited access to standard laboratory equipment, hindering the ability to measure serum analytes.ObjectivesThe first objective was to produce an inexpensive, manually operated centrifuge that could accept standard laboratory tubes by modifying a consumer‐grade salad spinner with low‐cost materials. The second objective was to compare biochemistry analysis results obtained from equine and southern white rhinoceros serum separated by traditional laboratory and manual salad spinner centrifugation.MethodsWe optimized the design and serum separation protocol using non‐anticoagulated equine blood. Equine and rhinoceros serum samples were separated by manual salad spinner or traditional laboratory centrifugation. Measured analytes included sodium, potassium, chloride, urea nitrogen, creatinine, phosphorous, total calcium, magnesium, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma‐glutamyl transferase, total bilirubin, bicarbonate, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and triglycerides. Results obtained from serum separated by each centrifugation technique were compared by Deming regression and Bland–Altman analyses.ResultsA tube adaptor insert modeled after a swing angle rotor and a two‐step salad spinner centrifugation yielded serum comparable to traditional laboratory centrifugation. For the majority of analytes, no proportional or constant biases were detected between centrifugation methods. A positive proportional bias in the measurement of ALP in serum separated by manual centrifugation was detected in both equine and rhinoceros samples.ConclusionsManual centrifugation with a modified salad spinner yields diagnostic quality serum suitable for the measurement of most standard biochemistry analytes.
Computed tomography of suppurative and neoplastic diseases involving the canine omenta and omental bursa
Authors: Percival Aaron , Lopez Daniel J. , Miller Allison , Scrivani Peter V. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe greater and lesser omenta are fused peritoneal folds that largely delimit the omental bursa (lesser peritoneal cavity). The omental bursa is a potential space within the abdominal cavity that communicates with the greater peritoneal cavity via the omental (epiploic) foramen: it is subdivided into the omental vestibule, caudal omental recess, and splenic recess. Aims of this retrospective case series study were to describe the frequencies of CT findings of dogs with confirmed inflammatory or neoplastic disease of the omenta, omental bursa, or both. The sample included seven adult, medium‐to‐large breed dogs. All had fluid in the greater peritoneal cavity and 5/7 (71%) dogs also had fluid in the omental bursa. Primary suppurative inflammatory disease was present in three dogs, each dog had a large abscess with central gas in either the omental vestibule (two dogs) or caudal omental recess (one dog). Both abscesses in the omental vestibule arose from the papillary process of the caudate liver lobe and were surgically removed without complication. Neoplasia was present in four dogs and either arose from omentum (hemangiosarcoma, carcinoma) or infiltrated the omentum from an adjacent organ (splenic leiomyosarcoma, gastric adenocarcinoma). Neoplasms created mass‐like tumors, infiltrative tumors, or both and had variable distribution (focal, multifocal, or locally extensive). All dogs with neoplasia were euthanized. CT signs of inflammatory and neoplastic disease overlapped, but the presence of gas might prioritize abscessation. CT signs helped decide feasibility of surgery based on extent of local invasion, especially involvement of structures passing through the porta hepatis.
Projective normality and basepoint‐freeness thresholds of general polarized abelian varieties
Authors: Ito Atsushi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFor a polarized abelian variety , Z. Jiang and G. Pareschi introduce an invariant , called the basepoint‐freeness threshold. Using this invariant, we show that a general polarized abelian variety of dimension is projectively normal if and the type of is not . This bound is sharp since it is known that any polarized abelian variety of type is not projectively normal. We also give an application of to the infinitesimal Torelli theorem for .
Development of a Multilayer Iliac Crest Numerical Model for Simulating Honeybee Stinger-Inspired Hollow Needle Insertion
Authors: Nadda Rahul , Repaka Ramjee , Sahani Ashish Kumar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Minimally invasive biopsy needles are frequently inserted into the desired body regions while performing the bone marrow biopsy (BMB) procedure. The key problem with needle insertion in tissues is that the insertion force damages the tissue and deviates the needle path, leading the needle to miss the desired target and reducing biopsy sample integrity. To address these shortcomings, the present work developed a unique bio-inspired barbed biopsy needle design that reduces insertion/extraction forces and needle deflection. This study established several design parameters, including barb geometry and shape (viz., the height of barb, barbed front angle, barbed back angle, and length of portion containing barbs), and examined the impact of these factors on insertion/extraction force and deflection. A Lagrangian surface-based nonlinear finite element (FE) approach has been used to numerically simulate the BMB procedure on a three-dimensional (3D) multilayered heterogeneous model of the human iliac crest. The proposed honeybee stinger-inspired needle design has been found to reduce both insertion and extraction forces because of the decreased frictional surface of the biopsy needle.
Validation of a Human Upper Airway Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for Turbulent Mixing
Authors: Kacinski Robert , Strasser Wayne , Leonard Scott , Prichard Reid , Truxel Ben 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Validation of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model used to simulate turbulent exchange in an anatomically detailed human upper airway with realistic breathing states is provided. Proper model validation is vital in confirming that temporal mixing and species distribution are accurate, therefore making the model useful in generalized turbulent mixing studies of the upper airway. Numerous levels of refinement were tested for time-step and mesh independence. Higher and lower rigor groups of modeling methodologies involved spatial discretization schemes, gradient reconstruction methods, transient formulations, and turbulence frameworks. A dual mesh independence study revealed that the rate of approach to mesh independence is a function of computational rigor and that multiple mesh independence studies should be carried out in parallel. The final validated model consisted of the finest mesh used in this study (8 × 106 cells), a time-step equating to 4000 timesteps per breath cycle, and higher rigor modeling methodologies. While its results were within the acceptable deviation from the experimental data, it was not as close as the model that utilized the coarsest mesh (∼2 × 106 cells), the fewest timesteps per breath cycle (128 timesteps per breath cycle), and lower rigor methodologies. Though the latter model was closer to the experimental data, it was proven to not be numerically independent, highlighting the importance of utilizing a myriad of metrics to prove numerical independence. Restricting independence studies to only using metrics from experimental comparisons is insufficient for proper validation.