bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sowing Agroecology in Rio Doce through a Technical Assistance and Rural Outreach Program in a Territory Affected by the Biggest Environmental Disaster in Brazilian History
Authors: Anjos Luan Ritchelle Aparecido , Oliveira Moreira Fábio , Trivelato Ananda Deva Assis , Silva Iberê Marti Moreira , Sodré Ademar , Santos Marina Gabriela , Freitas Moreira Pedro , Stancioli Edel Figueiredo Barbosa , Barbosa David Soeiro , Costa Silvia Dantas , Cardoso Irene Maria , Pettan-Brewer Klaisy Christina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The work of an Agroecological Technical Assistance and Rural Outreach program (ATER, in its acronym in Portuguese) is a profound process of communication between technical specialists in agricultural production and farming families, specialists in their practice and their social context. The ATER program of the “Sowing Agroecology in Rio Doce” project works with 138 families whose farming activity was hampered by the rupture of the Fundão Mining Tailings Dam (Brazil), considered the greatest environmental disaster in Brazilian history. The work seeks to train family farmers for the agroecological transition, aiming at building production systems that operate in an economically viable, environmentally correct, socially fair, and culturally diverse way. The project takes place in three dimensions: animal, where the welfare and health of animals are worked on, and in the development of more autonomous systems regarding the use of inputs and medicines; natural goods, where it operates in agricultural production, water resources, and environmental conservation of the properties, aiming at the production free of pesticides and industrialized inputs; and culture, through understanding the social reality of families, valuing cultural manifestations and traditions, aiming to strengthen the social cohesion of communities and encourage cooperation between families, and seeking to create short marketing circuits, work groups, and collective purchases of inputs. In this way, the process takes place from the One Health perspective, as it seeks to integrate human, animal, and environmental health. This approach has contributed to increasing production and family autonomy, bringing economic viability, food security, and environmental conservation to the region.

Information
© The Authors 2023
Ion formation in thermionic-emission-assisted hot magnetron sputtering discharge
Authors: Leonova K , Konstantinidis S , Britun N 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We report an abrupt Nb ion formation in a direct current hot magnetron sputtering discharge as a result of target temperature increase to a certain point (1900 K in our case). The effect is explained by a significant thermionic emission from the target surface, leading to an enhanced electron impact ionization in plasma volume. The phenomenon is especially pronounced for Nb (refractory metal), for which higher target temperatures can be reached. The volume density mapping is undertaken for Nb neutrals and ions (by laser-based spectroscopy), emphasizing the found effects.
Change Ratios of Magnetic Helicity and Magnetic Free Energy During Major Solar Flares
Authors: Wang Quan , Zhang Mei , Yang Shangbin , Yang Xiao , Zhu Xiaoshuai 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Magnetic helicity is an important concept in solar physics, with a number of theoretical statements pointing out the important role of magnetic helicity in solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Here we construct a sample of 47 solar flares, which contains 18 no-CME-associated confined flares and 29 CME-associated eruptive flares. We calculate the change ratios of magnetic helicity and magnetic free energy before and after these 47 flares. Our calculations show that the change ratios of magnetic helicity and magnetic free energy show distinct different distributions in confined flares and eruptive flares. The median value of the change ratios of magnetic helicity in confined flares is −0.8%, while this number is −14.5% for eruptive flares. For the magnetic free energy, the median value of the change ratios is −4.3% for confined flares, whereas this number is −14.6% for eruptive flares. This statistical result, using observational data, is well consistent with the theoretical understandings that magnetic helicity is approximately conserved in the magnetic reconnection, as shown by confined flares, and the CMEs take away magnetic helicity from the corona, as shown by eruptive flares.
Multi-wavelength Study of HESS J1303-631 with 14 yr of Fermi-LAT Data
Authors: Zhou Lian-Cheng , Xia Qi , Tian Shi-Ting , Gong Yun-lu , Fang Jun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
HESS J1303-631 is an extended TeV pulsar wind nebula powered by the pulsar PSR J1301-6305 detected with the High Energy Stereoscopic System. We present an analysis of the GeV γ-ray region of HESS J1303-631 with about 14 yr of Fermi Large Area Telescope data. The GeV γ-ray emission, coincident with the very-high-energy source, has a photon index of 1.69 ± 0.09 in 10–500 GeV band, and the GeV morphology has an extension to the same direction as indicated in the TeV band. Moreover, the observed multi-wavelength spectral energy distribution of the nebula is studied with a one-zone time-dependent leptonic model, in which the electrons/positrons injected into the nebula are assumed to have a broken power-law spectrum. The result indicates that the multi-wavelength non-thermal emission can be well reproduced via synchrotron radiation and inverse Compton scattering of the particles.
Relations between SMBH Parameters and Jet Generation and Efficiency in Blazars
Authors: Zhang H. , Zhang H. J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We analyzed the relationship between several basic parameters describing supermassive black holes such as jet power, black hole spin, accretion disk magnetic field, black hole mass, etc. We found that there is a general correlation between these parameters, such as jet power is significantly positively correlated with black hole spin, while black hole mass is significantly negatively correlated with black hole spin. To apprehend these relationships, we consider the Blandford–Znajek model to be superior to the Blandford–Payne model. It is also found that the intrinsic gamma luminosity of the FSRQs has a positive correlation with the accretion disk magnetic field, while the intrinsic gamma luminosity of the BL Lacs has a negative correlation with the accretion disk magnetic field. A feedback effect may exist between accretion disk accretion rate and magnetic field, which may be the key to the evolution between BL Lacs and FSRQs. There is no significant difference in the jet power and jet generation efficiency of FSRQs and BL Lacs, which suggests that the jets are generated by the same mechanism. The contribution rate of accretion rate to jet generation efficiency is high, while the contribution rate of accretion rate to jet power is very low.
The influence of electron cyclotron resonance heating on ion-driven fishbone instability
Authors: Zhang Runzhe , Cai Huishan , Chen Wei , Li Ding 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The effect of electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) on fishbone instability is studied based on the generalized energy principle. Off-axis ECRH plays a stabilizing role in fishbone instability, while on-axis ECRH does not distinctly change the growth rate. The frequency of fishbone instability increases (decreases) for off-axis (on-axis) ECRH. The effect of ECRH is greatest when power is deposited near the rational surface. More concentrated power deposition has a better stabilizing effect. Furthermore, the non-resonance effect of trapped energetic electrons is the main factor behind the stabilization effect in the off-axis case, while it has a weak effect in the on-axis case. The frequency of fishbone instability is changed mainly by the Shafranov shift effect on trapped energetic ions since it can change the precessional drift frequency. The Shafranov shift effect can also affect the growth rate because the onset threshold of energetic ion beta is related to the frequency. The effects of magnetic Reynolds number and slowing-down critical energy are weak and can be neglected. This provides the possibility of using off-axis ECRH targeted to the rational surface to control fishbone instability.
High temperature spin-triplet topological superconductivity in K2Cr3As3
Authors: Zheng Guo-qing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Spin-triplet superconductors are novel materials capable of harboring Majorana bound states that can be used in topological quantum computing. However, such bulk materials are still rare. Here we review the results that established K2Cr3As3 as a spin-triplet superconductor with transition temperature Tc
as high as 6.5 K. We focus on the multiple-phases feature, and its exquisite distance to a ferromagnetic quantum critical point which is likely responsible for the high Tc
. We touch on the topological aspects of the superconducting state, and suggest that it is a new route to the technical implementation using a topological spin-triplet superconductor at the highest temperature ever.
The in- and out-of-plane magnetisation of highly underdoped YBa2Cu3O6+x single crystals
Authors: Kokanović I , Cooper J R 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Previously we have shown how measurements of static magnetic susceptibility χc(T) of YBa2Cu3O6+x single crystals for magnetic fields applied along the c-axis, and χab(T) for fields in the ab-plane, can give useful information about their thermodynamic properties which are still being hotly debated. SQUID magnetometry above the superconducting (s/c) transition temperature Tc is used for larger crystals, while piezolever torque magnetometry gives χc(T)-χab(T) for tiny crystals. Here we present new data for more heavily under-doped crystals with hole concentrations per CuO2 plane, p =0.058 to 0.073. We again find that the T-dependent anisotropy well above Tc arises from the pseudogap and the g-factor anisotropy, while at lower T there are Gaussian s/c fluctuations with a strong cut-off. This is possibly a different region where neutron scattering studies give evidence for competition between incommensurate magnetic short-range order and superconductivity. We have studied crystals with three values of x, measuring χc(T) and χab(T) immediately after fixing x by quenching on to a copper block and again after allowing sufficient time at room temperature for the Cu-O chains to order. Thus, we report data for three pairs of underdoped (UD) crystals with Tc ranging from 13 to 36 K, namely UD13 and UD20, UD15 and UD30, UD23 and UD36. As found previously for polycrystalline samples, ordering the Cu-O chains increases Tc and substantially reduces the Curie term. These are isotropic, in contrast to the Pauli-like susceptibility from the CuO2 planes where there is g factor anisotropy, and this allows us to make a powerful novel analysis. At higher T, χc(T)- χab(T) varies as a + bT where the bT term arises from the pseudogap. At lower T, deviations from this behaviour are analysed in terms of 2D or 3D Gaussian s/c fluctuations to obtain in-plane coherence lengths and upper critical fields as T→0.
Peak Effect Induced by Heavy-ion Irradiation in 2H-NbSe2 Single Crystals
Authors: Li Wenjie , Pyon Sunseng , Okayasu Satoru , Tamegai Tsuyoshi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Peak effect has been studied in 2H-NbSe2 single crystals with splayed columnar defects introduced by 320 MeV Au irradiation. Through the magnetic relaxation experiments, correspondence between the peak effect and magnetic relaxation has been observed. However, by calculating the critical current density (J
c) much before the first measurement using a SQUID magnetometer based on the relaxation rate S, it is found that the peak effect is present even at the very early stage of relaxation, indicating that it is caused by the magnetic field dependence of pinning force.
Stable operation characteristics and perspectives of the large-current HTS STARS conductor
Authors: Yanagi N , Narushima Y , Onodera Y , Garfias-Dávalos D , Ito S , Terazaki Y , Hamaguchi S , Chikaraishi H , Takada S , Hirano N , Takahata K 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) magnet option has been explored for fusion reactors as well as for next-generation fusion experimental devices. The Stacked Tapes Assembled in Rigid Structure (STARS) conductor uses HTS tapes with simple stacking without twisting and transposition. A practically applicable STARS conductor is presently being developed with an operating current of 18 kA at 20 K temperature and ~15 T magnetic field. The conductor is required to have a high current density of 80 A/mm2. For the second stage of the conductor development, internal electrical insulation is applied between the copper stabilizer casing and the outer stainless-steel jacket, and a 6-m conductor sample was fabricated in a solenoid coil shape with a 600-mm diameter and three turns. The coiled sample was tested in 8 T, 20 K using a facility equipped with a maximum 13-T, 700-mm bore solenoid coil. Excitation up to the rated current of 18 kA was successfully attained with stable operation. The characteristics of the conductor observed during the excitation test are discussed.
Performance evaluation of superconductive-assisted machining (SUAM) with superconducting tape and two permanent magnets
Authors: Iwasaki S , Ishii H , Kinoshita Y , Otabe E S , Matsuo K , Nakasaki T , Suzuki K 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this study, the repulsive force causing magnetic levitation for superconductive-assisted machining (SUAM) is calculated using the finite element method. Although bulk superconductors have been used for SUAM, here, we propose a magnetic levitation tool that uses superconducting tape. To obtain a stronger repulsive force, various models of a SUAM are designed and calculated. The results show that a strong repulsive force can be obtained by using two permanent magnets. In addition, even if the superconducting tape is rotated during stacking due to stacking errors, the repulsive force is not affected, indicating that there is no need to optimize the stacking method. Therefore, we expect that increasing the number of layers will generate a repulsive force that is greater than that obtained with bulk superconductors.
Orientation degrees in Dy123 powders by using Linear-drive type Modulated Rotating Magnetic Field system
Authors: Ali W B , Adachi S , Kimura F , Horii S 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Bi-axial magnetic alignment of DyBa2Cu3Oy (y ~ 7) grains with high in-plane orientation degrees has been achieved using only permanent magnets as magnetic field sources. When compared to electromagnets such as a superconducting magnet, arrayed magnets offer a lower cost and greater versatility as magnetic field sources for magnetic alignment. In this study, permanent magnets were arranged in such a way that they were able to create a rotating magnetic field with a strength of 0.8 T-class. This helps with the magnetic alignment of functional materials like cuprate superconductors.
Trapping Magnetic Field in Bulk Iron-based Superconductor Sintered under High Pressure
Authors: Wu Wenxi , Pyon Sunseng , Tamegai Tsuyoshi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We fabricated two bulk superconductors of (Ba,Na)Fe2As2 using a cubic press and hot press sintering technique. For bulk #1 sintered by cubic press, despite its small dimensions, with diameter 4.1 mm and height 3.64 mm, a trapped field value of ~9.97 kG has been achieved on its surface, which is only 230 G lower than the value reported in a bulk with a diameter of 10 mm before. Critical current density (J
c) is estimated to be 81.2 kA cm−2 at 4.2 K under self-field, which is larger than the value reported before. It suggests that the improvement of J
c achieved by high pressure could make up for the negative influence from the smaller dimensions and achieve a large trapped field. In the second larger bulk #2 sintered by hot pressing technique, with diameter 9.45 mm and height 4.58 mm, the value of J
c is ~ 33.9 kA cm−2 and the trapped field is ~8.81 kG on the surface. The expected better texturing has not been observed. Possible origins for inferior properties of bulk #2 are discussed.
Demonstration and thermal equilibrium analysis of a 10 kJ capacity energy storage coil made of MgB2 with liquid hydrogen indirect cooling
Authors: Inomata R , Onji T , Yagai T , Makida Y , Shintomi T , Komagome T , Hirano N , Hamajima T 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We have demonstrated an advanced superconducting power conditioning system, in which a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) device, a generator based on a fuel cell (FC), and an electrolyzer are used to compensate for electricity fluctuations over a wide frequency range, combined with a liquid hydrogen storage system to both cool the SMES and provide pure hydrogen gas to the FC and other gas-dependent systems. To manufacture the coils for the SMES, we used MgB2, whose critical temperature is below the boiling temperature of hydrogen. We developed a 10 kJ SMES coil system indirectly cooled by liquid hydrogen using thermosyphon passive heat exchange to isolate the flammable hydrogen from the electrical components. We performed a successful demonstration of this system for both DC and AC currents ramped at different rates. In the present study, we use computer simulations involving heat balance equations to evaluate the stability of the system. The results obtained are expected to lead to the design of future large-capacity energy storage systems, such as the MJ class, which offer comparable performance to conventional NbTi SMES devices.
Electromagnetic analysis of fully superconducting motors employing dilute gas rotor and liquid hydrogen stator cooling structure
Authors: Terao Yutaka , Akasaka Kazuki , Ohsaki Hiroyuki , Okai Keiichi , Taguchi Hideyuki 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper deals with fully superconducting motors (FSCMs) applied in the electric aircraft propulsion systems; the stator employs the MgB2-superconductor (SC) armature windings cooled at 20 K by using liquid hydrogen, while the rotor has the field windings made of REBCO SC wires cooled below 50 K via heat conduction and convective heat transfer by using dilute gas. The cooling structure of rotor can be simplified by adopting this type of design. The authors evaluated the optimal design for FSCM by using analytical equations and loss analysis via FEM. The FSCM characteristics were compared between ones using electromagnetic shield made of stainless steel (SUS) and ones using the shield made of copper (Cu); the results show that the output density using the SUS shield achieved 18.3 kW/kg, and that in terms of the loss estimation via FEM, both the motors had the efficiency over 98.5%.
Removal of SUS304 fine particles transformed into martensite by the high gradient magnetic separation under dry condition
Authors: Chen H , Yang Y , Miura O 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The interfusion of impurities such as metallic wear debris has been a major issue in the manufacturing process of foods, medicines and industrial products. Such debris originates with wearing of stainless-steel pipe joints or mechanical moving parts. Since the debris shows ferromagnetic properties by undergoing the strain-induced martensitic transformation of non-magnetic SUS304 (X5CrNi18-10), the magnetic separation system is much efficient to remove such debris from raw materials. In order to study the magnetic separation properties for the martensitic transformation fine particles, the several kinds of magnetic powder with different magnetization were prepared by controlling the amount of martensitic transformation by heat-treating SUS304 powders. The magnetic separation performance was evaluated by the high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) experiments using the multilayer unidirectional magnetic wire filter under dry condition. The experimental results and FEM particle trajectory simulations revealed that the SUS304 powders transformed into martensite were removed at high speed of 0.1 m/s by the superconducting HGMS in a relatively low magnetic field.
Birational maps from polarization and the preservation of measure and integrals
Authors: McLachlan Robert I , McLaren David I , Quispel G R W 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The main result of this paper is the discretization of second-order Hamiltonian systems of the form

x
¨

=
−
K
∇
W
(
x
)

, where K is a constant symmetric matrix and

W
:

R

n

→

R

is a polynomial of degree

d
⩽
4

in any number of variables n. The discretization uses the method of polarization and preserves both the energy and the invariant measure of the differential equation, as well as the dimension of the phase space. This generalizes earlier work for discretizations of first order systems with d = 3, and of second order systems with d = 4 and n = 1.
Explicit expressions for stationary states of the Lindblad equation for a finite state space
Authors: Fernengel Bernd Michael , Drossel Barbara 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Lindblad equation describes the time evolution of a density matrix of a quantum mechanical system. Stationary solutions are obtained by time-averaging the solution, which will in general depend on the initial state. We provide an analytical expression for the steady states of the Lindblad equation using the quantum jump unraveling, a version of an ergodic theorem, and the stationary probabilities of the corresponding discrete-time Markov chains. Our result is valid when the number of states appearing the in quantum trajectory is finite. The classical case of a Markov jump-process is recovered as a special case, and differences between the two are discussed.
Targeted micro-heterogeneity in bioinks allows for 3D printing of complex constructs with improved resolution and cell viability
Authors: Maciel Bruna R , Grimm Alisa , Oelschlaeger Claude , Schepers Ute , Willenbacher Norbert 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Three-dimensional bioprinting is an evolving versatile technique for biomedical applications. Ideal bioinks have complex micro-environment that mimic human tissue, allow for good printing quality and provide high cell viability after printing. Here we present two strategies for enhancing gelatin-based bioinks heterogeneity on a 1–100 µm length scale resulting in superior printing quality and high cell viability. A thorough spatial and micro-mechanical characterization of swollen hydrogel heterogeneity was done using multiple particle tracking microrheology. When poly(vinyl alcohol) is added to homogeneous gelatin gels, viscous inclusions are formed due to micro-phase separation. This phenomenon leads to pronounced slip and superior printing quality of complex 3D constructs as well as high human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cell viability due to reduced shear damage during extrusion. Similar printability and cell viability results are obtained with gelatin/nanoclay composites. The formation of polymer/nanoclay clusters reduces the critical stress of gel fracture, which facilitates extrusion, thus enhancing printing quality and cell viability. Targeted introduction of micro-heterogeneities in bioinks through micro-phase separation is an effective technique for high resolution 3D printing of complex constructs with high cell viability. The size of the heterogeneities, however, has to be substantially smaller than the desired feature size in order to achieve good printing quality.