bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foreign Body Granuloma Originating From the Lateral Process of Malleus: A Case Series of 19 Children
Authors: Mao Yanyan , Li Li , Yan Wenqing , Lu Yanqing , Li Wei , Zheng Jinfeng , Fan Zhaomin , Wang Haibo , Han Yuechen 
Published: June 2023

Objective
A special presentation of foreign body granuloma originating from the lateral process of the malleus (FBGLP) was noted in the absence of a history of foreign body entry into the external auditory canal (EAC). This study reported the clinical features, pathology, and prognosis of patients with FBGLP.

Design
Retrospective study.

Setting
Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital.

Patients
Nineteen pediatric patients (age, 1–10 yr) with FBGLP.

Interventions
Clinical data were collected from January 2018 to January 2022.

Main Outcome Measures
Clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients were analyzed.

Results
All patients had an acute course, and were within 3 months of ineffective medical treatment. The most common symptoms were suppurative (57.9%) and hemorrhagic (42.1%) otorrhea. FBGLP imaging examinations demonstrated a soft mass blocking the EAC without bone destruction and occasionally concomitant effusion in the middle ear. The most common pathologic findings were foreign body granuloma (94.7%,18/19), granulation tissue (73.7%, 14/19), keratotic precipitate (73.7%, 14/19), calcium deposition (63.2%, 12/19), hair shafts (47.4%, 9/19), cholesterol crystals (5, 26.3%), and hemosiderin (15.8%, 3/19). Foreign body granuloma and granulation tissue showed higher expression levels of CD68 and cleaved caspase-3 than did the normal tympanic mucosa, whereas Ki-67 levels were similarly low in all tissues. The patients were followed up for 3 months to 4 years without recurrence.

Conclusion
FBGLP is caused by endogenous foreign particles in the ear. We recommend the trans-external auditory meatus approach for FBGLP surgical excision, as this shows promising outcomes.
How Did Adolescents With Cancer Experience the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Report From Italian Pediatric Hematology Oncology Association Centers
Authors: Zucchetti Giulia , Quarello Paola , Ferrari Andrea , Silva Matteo , Mercolini Federico , Sciarra Pierpaolo , Guido Antonella , Peruzzi Laura , Colavero Paolo , Montanaro Maria , Taormina Rino , Micheletti Maria V. , Solari Federica , Perillo Teresa , Paioli Anna , Canepa Monica , Migliozzi Camilla , Zuliani Livia , Solfa Valentina , Bertolotti Marina , Fagioli Franca 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
This study set out to evaluate the psychosocial effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among adolescents with cancer, and whether these effects are significantly different among adolescents who were undergoing therapy or had completed it.

Materials and Methods:
The AIEOP Adolescents Working Group and the AIEOP Psychosocial Working Group adapted a questionnaire, which was completed by 214 adolescent cancer patients (M
age=16.3 y, range: 15 to 19 y old) treated at 16 AIEOP centers in the North (38%), South (31%), and Center (31%) of Italy.

Results:
The results highlighted that fear of the virus is equally distributed among adolescent cancer patients, with patients being particularly concerned about their parents and families. The adolescents reported that had no difficulty in following individual safety measures: they used personal protective equipment and they were attentive to their own health and adhering to the rules imposed by doctors and the wider community. There are very few, limited differences between adolescents undergoing treatment (active group) and those who have completed treatment (follow-up group). The reminder of their own therapy experience triggered by the use of personal protective equipment, and the more common refusal to follow some restrictions were the only 2 behaviors by which the follow-up group differed significantly from the adolescents in the active group.

Conclusions:
Adolescents with cancer seem to have coped well with the pandemic: although they were very afraid of the virus for themselves and their families, and had to limit their social contact, they did comply with the restrictions. Their experience of cancer probably also had a positive effect in cultivating adolescents who are more responsible and resilient in emergency situations such as the pandemic.
Intralabial Lip Compartments and Their Potential Clinical Relevance
Authors: Cotofana Sebastian , Hong Wei-Jin , Horne Julie , Harris Steven , Surek Christopher C. , Frank Konstantin , Alfertshofer Michael , Kattil Punnose K. , Sakuma Thais , Onishi Emy C. , Bertucci Vince , Green Jeremy B. , Smith Michael P. , Khan Amanda , Lowry Natalia 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Aesthetic soft-tissue filler injections for lip enhancement are popular and performed throughout the world. When injecting lips with a cannula, as the cannula is advanced, resistance is perceived in consistent locations, potentially indicating boundaries between intralabial compartments.

Objective:
We aimed to investigate whether intralabial compartments exist and, if so, to describe their volumes, location, boundaries, and dimensions.

Methods:
This cadaveric study investigated a total of 20 human body donors (13 male, seven female) with a mean (SD) age at death of 61.9 years (23.9) and body mass index of 24.3 kg/m2 (3.7). The investigated cohort included 11 White donors, eight Asian donors, and one Black donor. Dye injections simulating minimally invasive lip treatments were conducted.

Results:
Independent of sex or race, six anterior and six posterior compartments in the upper and lower lip were identified, for a total of 24 lip compartments. Compartment boundaries were formed by vertically oriented septations that were found in consistent locations. The anterior compartments had volumes ranging from 0.30 to 0.39 cc; the posterior compartment volume ranged from 0.44 to 0.52 cc. The compartment volumes were larger centrally and decreased gradually toward the oral commissure.

Conclusions:
The volume and size of each of 24 compartments contribute to the overall appearance and shape of the lips. To achieve a natural lip shape preserving aesthetic outcome it may be preferable to administer the volumizing product using a compartment-respecting injection approach.
Nutritional Recovery of Children With HIV and Severe Acute Malnutrition Attending an Outpatient Therapeutic Care Program
Authors: Mercedes Rebecca A. , Kasbaum Marie A. , George Paul E. , Tumweheire Enid G. , Scheurer Michael E. , Nabukeera-Barungi Nicolette 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Despite significant morbidity and mortality from HIV and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) among children in sub-Saharan Africa, research is lacking in these children. We describe the proportion of children living with HIV with SAM achieving recovery, the factors associated with recovery, and time to recovery in an outpatient therapeutic care program.

Setting and Methods:
This is a retrospective observational study of children with SAM and HIV on antiretroviral therapy (6 months–15 years), enrolled in outpatient therapeutic care from 2015 to 2017 at a pediatric HIV clinic in Kampala, Uganda. SAM diagnosis and recovery by 120 days after enrollment were determined per World Health Organization guidelines. Cox-proportional hazards models were used to determine predictors of recovery.

Results:
Data from 166 patients were analyzed (mean age 5.4 years, SD 4.7). Outcomes showed 36.1% recovered, 15.6% were lost to follow-up, 2.4% died, and 45.8% failed. Average time to recovery was 59.9 days (SD 27.8). Patients 5 years or older were less likely to recover (crude hazard ratio [CHR] = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.58). In multivariate analysis, febrile patients were less likely to recover (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.65). Patients with CD4 count of 200 or less at enrollment were less likely to recover (CHR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.96).

Conclusions:
Despite treatment with antiretroviral therapy for children living with HIV, we observed poor rates of recovery from SAM, below the international target of >75%. Moreover, patients 5 years and older, fever, or low CD4 at diagnosis of SAM may require more intense therapy or closer monitoring than their counterparts.
Predictive Value of Radiographic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics on Patient Outcomes in Confirmed Acute Osteomyelitis of the Extremities
Authors: Archer Holden , Ashikyan Oganes , Pezeshk Parham , Guirguis Mina , Gowda Prajwal , Hoang Diana , Xi Yin , Chhabra Avneesh 
Published: June 2023

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine whether imaging characteristics on plain radiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and diffusion-weighted imaging are predictive of patient outcomes in cases of confirmed osteomyelitis (OM).

Materials and Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 3 experienced musculoskeletal radiologists evaluated pathologically proven cases of acute extremity OM and recorded imaging characteristics on plain radiographs, MRI, and diffusion-weighted imaging. These characteristics were then compared with the patient outcomes after a 3-year follow-up using length of stay, amputation-free survival, readmission-free survival, and overall survival using multivariate Cox regression analysis. Hazard ratio and corresponding 95% confidence intervals are reported. False discovery rate–adjusted P values were reported.

Results
For the 75 consecutive cases of OM in this study, multivariate Cox regression analysis adjusting for sex, race, age, body mass index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and white blood cell count showed no correlation among any of the recorded characteristics on imaging and patient outcomes. Despite the high sensitivity and specificity of MRI for diagnosing OM, there was no correlation between MRI characteristics and patient outcomes. Furthermore, patients with coexistent abscess of the soft tissue or bone with OM had comparable outcomes using the previously mentioned metrics of length of stay, amputation-free survival, readmission-free survival, and overall survival.

Conclusion
Neither radiography nor MRI features predict patient outcomes in extremity OM.
Efficacy of Immediate Lymphatic Reconstruction to Decrease Incidence of Breast Cancer-related Lymphedema
Authors: Coriddi Michelle , Dayan Joseph , Bloomfield Emily , McGrath Leslie , Diwan Richard , Monge Jasmine , Gutierrez Julia , Brown Stav , Boe Lillian , Mehrara Babak 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
To conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) on the efficacy of immediate lymphatic reconstruction (ILR) for decreasing the incidence of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) after axillary lymph node dissection (ALND).

Background:
Despite encouraging results in small studies, an appropriately powered RCT on ILR has not been performed.

Methods:
Women undergoing ALND for breast cancer were randomized in the operating room 1:1 to either ILR, if technically feasible, or no ILR (control). The ILR group underwent lymphatic anastomosis to a regional vein using microsurgical techniques; control group had no repair and cut lymphatics were ligated. Relative volume change (RVC), bioimpedance, quality of life (QoL), and compression use were evaluated at baseline and every 6 months postoperatively up to 24 months. Indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography was performed at baseline and 12 and 24 months postoperatively. The primary outcome was the incidence of BCRL, defined as ≥10% RVC from baseline in the affected extremity at 12-, 18-, or 24-month follow-up.

Results:
Of 72 patients randomized to ILR and 72 to control from January 2020 to March 2023, our preliminary analysis includes 99 patients with 12-month follow-up, 70 with 18-month follow-up, and 40 with 24-month follow-up. The cumulative incidence of BCRL was 9.5% in the ILR group and 32% in the control group (P=0.014). The ILR group had lower bioimpedance values, decreased compression usage, better lymphatic function on ICG lymphography, and better QoL than the control group.

Conclusions:
Preliminary results of our RCT show that ILR after ALND decreases BCRL incidence. Our goal is to finish the accrual of 174 patients with 24-month follow-up.
Endoscopic Ultrasound–guided Versus Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage After Failed ERCP: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Giri Suprabhat , Seth Vishal , Afzalpurkar Shivaraj , Angadi Sumaswi , Jearth Vaneet , Sundaram Sridhar 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) may fail to achieve biliary drainage in 5% to 10% of cases. Endoscopic ultrasound–guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) are alternative therapeutic options in such cases. The present meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of EUS-BD and PTBD for biliary decompression after failed ERCP.

Methods:
A comprehensive search of literature from inception to September 2022 was done of 3 databases for studies comparing EUS-BD and PTBD for biliary drainage after failed ERCP. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were calculated for all the dichotomous outcomes. Continuous variables were analyzed using mean difference (MD).

Results:
A total of 24 studies were included in the final analysis. Technical success was comparable between EUS-BD and PTBD (OR=1.12, 0.67-1.88). EUS-BD was associated with a higher clinical success rate (OR=2.55, 1.63-4.56) and lower odds of adverse events (OR=0.41, 0.29-0.59) compared with PTBD. The incidence of major adverse events (OR=0.66, 0.31-1.42) and procedure-related mortality (OR=0.43, 0.17-1.11) were similar between the groups. EUS-BD was associated with lower odds of reintervention with an OR of 0.20 (0.10-0.38). The duration of hospitalization (MD: −4.89, −7.73 to −2.05) and total treatment cost (MD: −1355.46, −2029.75 to −681.17) were significantly lower with EUS-BD.

Conclusions:
EUS-BD may be preferred over PTBD in patients with biliary obstruction after failed ERCP where appropriate expertise is available. Further trials are required to validate the findings of the study.
Artificial intelligence versus surgeon gestalt in predicting risk of emergency general surgery
Authors: El Moheb Mohamad , Gebran Anthony , Maurer Lydia R. , Naar Leon , El Hechi Majed , Breen Kerry , Dorken-Gallastegi Ander , Sinyard Robert , Bertsimas Dimitris , Velmahos George , Kaafarani Haytham M.A. 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND
Artificial intelligence (AI) risk prediction algorithms such as the smartphone-available Predictive OpTimal Trees in Emergency Surgery Risk (POTTER) for emergency general surgery (EGS) are superior to traditional risk calculators because they account for complex nonlinear interactions between variables, but how they compare to surgeons’ gestalt remains unknown. Herein, we sought to: (1) compare POTTER to surgeons’ surgical risk estimation and (2) assess how POTTER influences surgeons' risk estimation.

STUDY DESIGN
A total of 150 patients who underwent EGS at a large quaternary care center between May 2018 and May 2019 were prospectively followed up for 30-day postoperative outcomes (mortality, septic shock, ventilator dependence, bleeding requiring transfusion, pneumonia), and clinical cases were systematically created representing their initial presentation. POTTER's outcome predictions for each case were also recorded. Thirty acute care surgeons with diverse practice settings and levels of experience were then randomized into two groups: 15 surgeons (SURG) were asked to predict the outcomes without access to POTTER's predictions while the remaining 15 (SURG-POTTER) were asked to predict the same outcomes after interacting with POTTER. Comparing to actual patient outcomes, the area under the curve (AUC) methodology was used to assess the predictive performance of (1) POTTER versus SURG, and (2) SURG versus SURG-POTTER.

RESULTS
POTTER outperformed SURG in predicting all outcomes (mortality—AUC: 0.880 vs. 0.841; ventilator dependence—AUC: 0.928 vs. 0.833; bleeding—AUC: 0.832 vs. 0.735; pneumonia—AUC: 0.837 vs. 0.753) except septic shock (AUC: 0.816 vs. 0.820). SURG-POTTER outperformed SURG in predicting mortality (AUC: 0.870 vs. 0.841), bleeding (AUC: 0.811 vs. 0.735), pneumonia (AUC: 0.803 vs. 0.753) but not septic shock (AUC: 0.712 vs. 0.820) or ventilator dependence (AUC: 0.834 vs. 0.833).

CONCLUSION
The AI risk calculator POTTER outperformed surgeons' gestalt in predicting the postoperative mortality and outcomes of EGS patients, and when used, improved the individual surgeons' risk prediction. Artificial intelligence algorithms, such as POTTER, could prove useful as a bedside adjunct to surgeons when preoperatively counseling patients.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level II.
Mini-incision Right Hepatectomy for Living Donor Hepatectomy
Authors: Park Jeong-Ik , Jung Dong-Hwan , Moon Deok-Bog , Ahn Chul-Soo , Yoon Young-In , Kang Woo-Hyung , Na Byeong-Gon , Ha Su-Min , Kim Sang-Hoon , Kim Minjae , Kim Sung-Min , Yang Geunhyeok , Oh Rak-Kyun , Hwang Shin , Lee Sung-Gyu 
Published: June 2023

Background.
The application of a minimally invasive technique to graft procurement in living donor liver transplantation has minimized skin incisions and led to early recovery in donor hepatectomy while ensuring donor safety. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of mini-incision living donor right hepatectomy compared with conventional open surgery.

Methods.
The study population consisted of 448 consecutive living donors who underwent living donor right hepatectomy performed by a single surgeon between January 2015 and December 2019. According to the incision type, the donors were divided into 2 groups: a right subcostal mini-incision group (M group: n = 187) and a conventional J-shaped incision group (C group: n = 261). A propensity score matching analysis was conducted to overcome bias.

Results.
The estimated graft volume and measured graft weight were significantly lower in the M group (P = 0.000). The total of 17 (3.8%) postoperative complications were identified. The readmission rate and overall postoperative complication rate of donors was not significantly different between the groups. The biliary complication rates in the recipients were 12.6% and 8.6% in the C group and M group, respectively (P = 0.219). Hepatic artery thrombosis requiring revision developed in 2 patients (0.8%) in the C group and 7 patients (3.7%) in the M group (P = 0.038). After propensity score matching, these complications were not significantly different between the groups.

Conclusions.
Mini-incision living donor right hepatectomy shows comparable biliary complications to open surgery and is considered a safe and feasible operative technique.
Rigorous software pipeline for clinical somatic mutation analyses of solid tumors
Authors: Stoimenov Ivaylo , Rashyna Marina , Adlerteg Tom , Nunes Luís , Ekström Joakim , Ljungström Viktor , Mathot Lucy , Cheong Ian , Sjöblom Tobias 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMutational analyses of tumor DNA guide the use of targeted therapies and checkpoint inhibitors in management of solid tumors. Reducing false positive mutation calls without compromising sensitivity as gene panels increase in size, and whole exome and genome sequencing enters clinical use, remains a major challenge. Aiming for robust somatic mutation analyses in the clinical setting, we have developed VARify, an integrated, accurate and computationally efficient software for cancer genome analyses encompassing all steps from pre-processing of sequencing reads to mutation identification. Benchmarking to two state-of-the-art open-source somatic mutation analysis pipelines demonstrated accurate detection of clinically actionable point mutations, all while strongly reducing the number of false positive mutations reported, at comparable or faster speed. Further, the VARify output classified microsatellite unstable colorectal cancers by tumor mutation burden better than the other pipelines. In comparisons where the same tumors were subjected to different panel enrichment and sequencing technologies, VARify had the most consistent intersection of consensus mutations. False positive calls were produced when the same data was used as tumor and reference by the other pipelines, while VARify did not produce such calls. The calling uniformity across sequencing technologies of VARify and its tumor-only analysis derivative pipeline ALTOmate was also demonstrated. Taken together, these two novel pipelines can improve clinical mutation analysis to the benefit of cancer patients.
ACitrullusgenus super-pangenome reveals extensive variations in wild and cultivated watermelons and sheds light on watermelon evolution and domestication
Authors: Wu Shan , Sun Honghe , Gao Lei , Branham Sandra , McGregor Cecilia , Renner Susanne S. , Xu Yong , Kousik Chandrasekar , Wechter W. Patrick , Levi Amnon , Fei Zhangjun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSweet watermelon (Citrullus lanatussubsp.vulgaris) is among the most important vegetable crops in the world. Wild relatives are important resources for watermelon breeding. Here we report high-quality reference genomes of three wild watermelons,C. mucosospermus, C. amarusandC. colocynthis, and the divergence and genome evolution of differentCitrullusspecies. Using genomic data from 547 watermelon accessions spanning fourCitrullusspecies, we construct a super-pangenome to represent theCitrullusgene repertoire and provide a catalogue of orthologous relationships among species. Gene presence/absence variation analysis uncovers many disease resistance genes that are missing in cultivated watermelons, as well as genes with significantly different occurrence frequencies between populations that might underlie watermelon evolution and domestication. We revisit watermelon domestication using the recently identified wild progenitor, Kordofan melon, which provides insights into the domestication of fruit bitterness, sweetness and flesh coloration. TheCitrullussuper-pangenome provides a valuable resource for breeding and biological discovery, and our comparative genomic analyses shed additional light on watermelon evolution and domestication.
Antibiotic that inhibitstrans-translation blocks binding of EF-Tu to tmRNA but not to tRNA
Authors: Marathe Neeraja , Nguyen Ha An , Alumasa John N. , Kuzmishin Nagy Alexandra B. , Vazquez Michael , Dunham Christine M. , Keiler Kenneth C. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTTrans-Translation is conserved throughout bacteria and is essential in many species. High-throughput screening identified a tetrazole-basedtrans-translation inhibitor, KKL-55, that has broad-spectrum antibiotic activity. A biotinylated version of KKL-55 pulled down Elongation Factor Thermo-unstable (EF-Tu) from bacterial lysates. Purified EF-Tu bound KKL-55in vitrowith aKd= 2 µM, confirming a high-affinity interaction. An X-ray crystal structure showed KKL-55 binds in domain 3 of EF-Tu, and mutation of residues in the binding pocket abolished KKL-55 binding. RNA binding assaysin vitroshowed that KKL-55 inhibits binding between EF-Tu and tmRNA, but not between EF-Tu and tRNA. These data demonstrate a new mechanism for inhibition of EF-Tu function and suggest that this specific inhibition of EF-Tu•tmRNA binding is a viable target for antibiotic development.IMPORTANCEEF-Tu is a universally conserved translation factor that mediates productive interactions between tRNAs and the ribosome. In bacteria, EF-Tu also delivers tmRNA-SmpB to the ribosome duringtrans-translation. We report the first small molecule, KKL-55, that specifically inhibits EF-Tu activity intrans-translation without affecting its activity in normal translation. KKL-55 has broad-spectrum antibiotic activity, suggesting that compounds targeted to the tmRNA-binding interface of EF-Tu could be developed into new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant infections.