bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chilling and forcing proceed in parallel to regulate spring leaf unfolding in temperate trees
Authors: Wang Xinbo , Xu Hanfeng , Ma Qimei , Luo Yue , He Dashan , Smith Nicholas G. , Rossi Sergio , Chen Lei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTemperature is the main driver of growth reactivation in plants of extratropical regions. Accumulations of chilling and forcing units during dormancy co‐regulate spring phenology. Here, we aimed to answer whether chilling and forcing proceed in parallel or sequentially to regulate spring phenology in temperate trees.LocationEurope.Time Period1951–2016.Major Taxa StudiedNine temperate woody species.MethodsUsing long‐term and large‐scale records of in situ leaf unfolding dates of temperate tree species at more than 2300 sites, we analysed the rolling partial correlations between leaf unfolding dates and chilling and forcing in winter and spring using a weekly smoothing window. Through process‐based modelling, we further identified the start of forcing accumulation and the end of chilling accumulation using the Unified model and compared the model efficiency of the Parallel and the Sequential models.ResultsWe observed negative responses of leaf unfolding dates to accumulations of both chilling and forcing units for most of winter and spring across successional types of species (early‐ and late‐successional taxa), elevations and periods. Using the Unified model, we also found overlapping windows for chilling and forcing accumulations. Moreover, the Parallel model performed better than the Sequential model. These findings suggested that chilling and forcing requirements may be fulfilled simultaneously in temperate trees.Main ConclusionsOur study not only provides a guideline for identifying the effective periods of chilling and forcing, but also a general and robust perspective that accumulations of chilling and forcing act in parallel to regulate spring leaf unfolding in temperate trees, promoting more precise and reasonable predictions of temperature‐driven phenological shifts under future climate change.
Effects of deductive and explicit‐inductive instruction on tertiary‐level Chinese learners’ use of English subjunctive as a pragmatic mitigator
Authors: Chen Xinren , Xia Jie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis quasi‐experimental study investigates the immediate and long‐term effects of deductive instruction and explicit‐inductive instruction to L2 learners on the use of the English subjunctive as a pragmatic mitigator. Two intact classes of tertiary‐level Chinese EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners, labeled as the deductive group and the explicit‐inductive group, respectively, received two 45‐min sessions of pragmatic intervention, whereas a third intact class serving as the control group was given grammatical instruction. The immediate post‐test and delayed post‐test administered to the three groups shows that the deductive group had an immediate edge but not a long‐term one over the explicit‐inductive group, in terms of appropriateness and linguistic accuracy; however, the gain of the explicit‐inductive group was better retained than in the deductive group. This study contributes to the expansion of instructional targets within the field of L2 pragmatics. It also highlights the relative advantage of deductive and explicit‐inductive instruction methods.
Comparative analysis of mathematical formulations for the two‐dimensional guillotine cutting problem
Authors: Becker Henrique , Martin Mateus , Araujo Olinto , Buriol Luciana S. , Morabito Reinaldo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAbout 15 years ago, a paper proposed the first integer linear programming formulation for the constrained two‐dimensional guillotine cutting problem (with unlimited cutting stages). Since then, eight other formulations followed, seven of them in the last four years. This spike of interest gave no opportunity for a comprehensive comparison between the formulations. We review each formulation and compare their empirical results over instance datasets of the literature. We adapt most formulations to allow for piece rotation. The possibility of adaptation was already predicted but not realized by the prior work. The results show the dominance of pseudo‐polynomial formulations until the point instances become intractable by them, while more compact formulations keep achieving good primal solutions. Our study also reveals a mistake in the generation of the T instances, which should have the same optima with or without guillotine cuts. We also propose hybridising a recent formulation with a prior formulation for a restricted version of the problem. The hybridisations show a reduction of about 20% of the branch‐and‐bound time thanks to the symmetries broken by the hybridisation.
Hirudin inhibits glioma growth through mTOR‐regulated autophagy
Authors: Ma Ying , Wu Senbin , Zhao Fanyi , Li Huifeng , Li Qiaohong , Zhang Jingzhi , Li Hua , Yuan Zhongmin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGlioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumour, and survival is poor. Hirudin has anticancer pharmacological effects through suppression of glioma cell progression, but the molecular target and mechanism are poorly understood. In this study, we observed that hirudin dose‐ and time‐dependently inhibited glioma invasion, migration and proliferation. Mechanistically, hirudin activated LC3‐II but not Caspase‐3 to induce the autophagic death of glioma cells by decreasing the phosphorylation of mTOR and its downstream substrates ULK1, P70S6K and 4EBP1. Furthermore, hirudin inhibited glioma growth and induced changes in autophagy in cell‐derived xenograft (CDX) nude mice, with a decrease in mTOR activity and activation of LC3‐II. Collectively, our results highlight a new anticancer mechanism of hirudin in which hirudin‐induced inhibition of glioma progression through autophagy activation is likely achieved by inhibition of the mTOR signalling pathway, thus providing a molecular basis for hirudin as a potential and effective clinical drug for glioma therapy.
The use of magnet‐controlled capsule endoscopy as the initial diagnostic tool in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Yu Yuanyuan , Liao Zhuan , Jiang Xi , Pan Jun , Zhou Wei , Lau James Y. W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe latest magnet‐controlled capsule endoscopy (MCCE) system can examine the water‐distended stomach, duodenum, and the small bowel. We assessed the use of MCCE as the first diagnostic tool in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB).MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study that enrolled patients admitted with AUGIB from two teaching hospitals. Patients underwent MCCE as the initial diagnostic modality. Our primary endpoint was the diagnostic yield of MCCE. The subsequent care of these patients was guided by MCCE findings.ResultsOf 100 enrolled patients, 99 (mean age 54 years, 70.7% men) with a median Glasgow–Blatchford score of 6 (IQR 3–9) underwent MCCE. In three patients, MCCE found active bleeding (two duodenal ulcers and Dieulafoy's lesion). The overall diagnostic yield of MCCE was 95.8% (92 lesions in 96 patients); five in the esophagus (Mallory Weiss tears 2, varices 1, and esophagitis 2), 51 in the stomach (gastric erosions 26, gastric ulcers 14, cancer 3, GIST 3, gastric polyps 3, antral vascular ectasia 1,angiodysplasia 1), 32 in the duodenum (ulcers 28, erosions 3, polyp 1), and four in the small bowel (ulcers 2, an erosion with a nonbleeding vessel 1, Meckel's diverticulum 1). Fifty‐two (52.5%) patients were discharged without endoscopy. Forty‐five (45.5%) patients underwent inpatient esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), which found an antral ulcer and six duodenal ulcers in addition.ConclusionsIn stable patients with AUGIB, MCCE can be used as a diagnostic tool. EGD should follow in patients with an inadequate view of the duodenum.
Ultrasound‐based histological differences of pretarsal fat fascia before and after double eyelid blepharoplasty with the orbital septum method
Authors: Chen Qian , Long Xiren , Luo Youqi , Li Xi , Li Gaofeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo observe the changes of pretarsal fat fascia histological structure after double eyelid blepharoplasty with the orbital septum method.MethodsFrom December 2019 to February 2022, the patients with congenital single eyelid who underwent double eyelid blepharoplasty with the orbital septum method at the Plastic and cosmetic surgery department of Hunan provincial people's Hospital and the same number of congenital double eyelid volunteers. Then divided into three groups: preoperative eyelid ultrasound images in Group A, postoperative eyelid ultrasound images in Group B, and congenital double eyelid volunteers in Group C. To study the histological differences of pretarsal fat fascia before and after double eyelid blepharoplasty with the orbital septum method and congenital double eyelid by ultrasound.ResultsNinety‐eight patients who underwent double eyelid blepharoplasty with the orbital septum method met the inclusion criteria. All 98 patients aged 22.88 ± 3.00 years, including 7 males and 91 females, followed up for 6–12 months. Included 98 volunteers with congenital double eyelid, aged 23.58 ± 2.59 years, including 49 males and 49 females. Ultrasound showed that the pretarsal fat fascia was divided into two layers. The dense layer adhered closely to the surface of the tarsus with no statistically significant differences. There was a statistically significant difference in the thickness of the pretarsal loose fat fascia layer between Group A and B. The points a b c in Group A were significantly thicker than those in Group B and C, and there was no significant difference between Group B and C. Postoperative evaluation: 83 cases were satisfied, 11 cases were basically satisfied and 4 cases were unsatisfied.ConclusionAfter double eyelid blepharoplasty using orbital septum, the histological structure of pretarsal fat fascia is similar to that of congenital double eyelid, suggesting that double eyelid blepharoplasty with the orbital septum method can change the structure of pretarsal fat fascia and make it similar to congenital double eyelid, which is one of the anatomical bases for its good clinical effect.
Ovarian cancer: Novel mechanisms and therapeutic targets regarding the microenvironment in the abdominal cavity
Authors: Yoshihara Masato , Iyoshi Shohei , Mogi Kazumasa , Uno Kaname , Fujimoto Hiroki , Miyamoto Emiri , Nomura Satoshi , Kitami Kazuhisa , Kajiyama Hiroaki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOvarian cancer is an intractable disease that is mostly diagnosed at an advanced stage and has a high recurrence rate. The early development of characteristic peritoneal dissemination via ascites contributes to a poor prognosis. Based on the “seed and soil” theory, ovarian cancer is considered to form a disseminated tumor that interacts with the peritoneum; superficial mesothelial cells are structurally important. Thus far, we have reported that peritoneal mesothelial cells, which originally are ecological defenses, transform into ovarian cancer‐associated mesothelial cells, which are allies of cancer. They are found to be actively involved in the formation of a friendly “soil” that promotes the survival of “seeds” of ovarian cancer cells. We also demonstrated that the progression of ovarian cancer and the induction of its refractory nature are partially mediated through competition and cooperation between ovarian cancer and mesothelial cells. We believe that it is necessary to shift the aim of treatment strategies from solely targeting cancer cells to focusing on the crosstalk between the surrounding environment and ovarian cancer, an approach that ultimately aims to achieve “coexistence” with cancer through disease control.
Growth performance and gene expression of FAS, CPT1, G6P, and HK in juveniles of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium acanthurus, fed diets with different levels of protein, lipids, and carbohydrates
Authors: Frías Gómez Susana Alejandra , Powell Madison S. , Álvarez González Carlos Alfonso , Hernández Hernández Luis Héctor 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA feeding trial with Macrobrachium acanthurus juveniles was performed to determine growth performance and utilization of diets varying in protein, lipid, and carbohydrate level. Twelve diets were formulated with three levels of protein (P) and supplemented with different proportions of lipids (L) and carbohydrates (C): P30‐L20‐C8, P30‐L15‐C19, P30‐L12‐C25, P30‐L10‐C31, P35‐L20‐C3, P35‐L15‐C15, P35‐L10‐C26, P35‐L5‐C38, P40‐L15‐C8, P40‐L10‐C19, P40‐L5‐C31, and P40‐L1‐C40. Lipids and carbohydrates were added allowing an overall energy content limit of 400 kcal per 100 g of diet. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of juveniles with an initial weight of 60.9 ± 10.9 mg (mean ± SD) for 60 days. Overall growth performance and gene expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6P), and hexokinase (HK) in the hepatopancreas were assessed. Highest weight gain values and specific growth rates were observed in prawns fed diets with 35% of protein inclusion. Expression of FAS was downregulated when fed 30% of protein. Results indicate M. acanthurus use protein as their primary source of energy and when this is low in the diet, lipids are used to spare the energy from proteins. Suggested inclusion of protein, lipids, and carbohydrates in diets for M. acanthurus should be 35%, 15%, and 15%, respectively.
Willingness to pay heterogeneity for accommodating job attributes among people with diabetes
Authors: Ladenburg Jacob , Nexø Mette Andersen , Cleal Bryan , Thuesen Frederik 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPeople with diabetes experience increasing needs for accommodation as their workability diminishes due to their disease. Companies and society have economic incentives to ensure that people with diabetes keep their attachment to the labour market. In the present paper, we estimate the preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) among people with diabetes for going on part‐time, receiving job accommodation relative to skills, having more breaks during working hours, and taking time off during working hours for medical visits/educational activities. Using a latent class model, we test and showcase how preferences and WTP vary over individual and job characteristics.
Weight stigma experienced by patients with obesity in healthcare settings: A qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Ryan Leona , Coyne Rory , Heary Caroline , Birney Susie , Crotty Michael , Dunne Rosie , Conlan Owen , Walsh Jane C. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryWeight stigma research is largely focused on quantifiable outcomes with inadequate representation of the perspectives of those that are affected by it. This study offers a comprehensive systematic review and synthesis of weight stigma experienced in healthcare settings, from the perspective of patients living with obesity. A total of 1340 studies was screened, of which 32 were included in the final synthesis. Thematic synthesis generated three overarching analytical themes: (1) verbal and non‐verbal communication of stigma, (2) weight stigma impacts the provision of care, and (3) weight stigma and systemic barriers to healthcare. The first theme relates to the communication of weight stigma perceived by patients within patient–provider interactions. The second theme describes the patients' perceptions of how weight stigma impacts upon care provision. The third theme highlighted the perceived systemic barriers faced by patients when negotiating the healthcare system. Patient suggestions to reduce weight stigma in healthcare settings are also presented. Weight stigma experienced within interpersonal interactions migrates to the provision of care, mediates gaining equitable access to services, and perpetuates a poor systemic infrastructure to support the needs of patients with obesity. A non‐collaborative approach to practice and treatment renders patients feeling they have no control over their own healthcare requirements.
Association between regional oxygen saturation and central venous saturation in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A prospective observational study
Authors: Hirai Naoki , Saito Junichi , Nakai Kishiko , Noguchi Satoko , Hashiba Eiji , Hirota Kazuyoshi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the correlation between regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) in the frontal and right renal dorsum (cerebral rSO2 and somatic rSO2) measured by near‐infrared spectroscopy (INVOS™ 5100C, Medtronic) and central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) measured with a fiber‐optic oximetry catheter (PediaSat™, Edwards Lifesciences) during surgery in order to determine whether noninvasive rSO2 could be used as an alternative to ScvO2 in pediatric cardiac surgery patients. We evaluated the correlation between regional tissue oxygen saturation (cerebral rSO2 and somatic rSO2) measured by near‐infrared spectroscopy and other patient measures with central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) measured with a fiber‐optic oximetry catheter to track global oxygen supply demand as a potential alternative or supplement to ScvO2.Patients and MethodsThis single‐center prospective observational study enrolled 33 children (weight < 10 kg) who underwent cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease between February 2018 and November 2021. ScvO2, cerebral rSO2, and somatic rSO2 were recorded simultaneously after anesthesia induction and central venous catheter placement. Pearson's correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman analysis were used to determine the relationship between ScvO2 and rSO2. We conducted correlation, Bland Altman, and multiple regression analyses to identify associations between rSO2, patient measures, and ScvO2 values.ResultsThe patients' median age was 11.0 (quartile 2.0–16.0) months. Their weight was 7.2 (quartile 4.5–9.2) kg. Cerebral rSO2 was significantly positively correlated with ScvO2 (r2 = 0.29, p = .002 in all patients; r2 = 0.61, p = .013 in the patients without mixing at the atrial level), whereas somatic rSO2 was not. The Bland–Altman analysis demonstrated biases [95% confidence interval; 95% CI] (lower and upper limits of agreement [95% CI]) of 0.27% [−4.26 to 4.80] (−24.79 [−32.61 to −16.96] to 25.33 [17.50 to 33.16]) between cerebral rSO2 and ScvO2 and 0.91% [−5.48 to 7.30] (−34.43 [−45.47 to −23.39] to 36.25 [25.21 to 47.29]) between somatic rSO2 and ScvO2. Preoperative brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and SpO2 were independent variables associated with ScvO2 and cerebral and somatic rSO2.ConclusionCerebral rSO2, SpO2, and BNP were significantly correlated with ScvO2, although the cerebral rSO2 correlation was greater for lesions without atrial mixing. rSO2, BNP, and SpO2 might be used to track changes in ScvO2 but cerebral rSO2 is not sufficiently precise to replace it.
“Rely (only) on the rigorous evidence” is bad advice
Authors: Pritchett Lant 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA popular interpretation of “evidence‐based” decision‐making is “rely (only) on the rigorous evidence” (RORE) via “systematic” reviews that: use objective protocols to generating the potentially relevant papers from the literature; then filter those to retain only the small subset that provide impact estimates regarded as “rigorous”; and summarize only those estimates. I use two sets of cross‐country impact estimates—on wage gains for migrants and private school learning gains—to illustrate this seemingly attractive approach is both empirically and conceptually unsound. First, the cross‐country variation in the rigorous estimates of impact is very large, which implies the average(s) from a systematic review is of little predictive use. In both empirical examples the “systematic review of the rigorous estimates” approach leads to worse predictions of impact across countries than the naïve use of country‐specific ordinary least squares estimates. Second, I contrast a systematic review—RORE approach with an “understanding” approach—which seeks to encompass all of the available evidence into coherent understandings in forming judgments. In both examples the notion that the impact effects are constant across countries—“external validity”—is easily rejected. Insisting on privileged reliance on “rigorous” estimates in making context‐specific decisions is logically incoherent and deeply anti‐scientific.
Freezing limits for Calogero–Moser–Sutherland particle models
Authors: Voit Michael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOne‐dimensional interacting particle models of Calogero–Moser–Sutherland type with N particles can be regarded as diffusion processes on suitable subsets of like Weyl chambers and alcoves with second‐order differential operators as generators of the transition semigroups, where these operators are singular on the boundaries of the state spaces. The most relevant examples are multivariate Bessel processes and Heckman–Opdam processes in a compact and noncompact setting where in all cases, these processes are related to special functions associated with root systems. More precisely, the transition probabilities can be described with the aid of multivariate Bessel functions, Jack and Heckman–Opdam Jacobi polynomials, and Heckman–Opdam hypergeometric functions, respectively. These models, in particular, form dynamic eigenvalue evolutions of the classical random matrix models like β‐Hermite, β‐ Laguerre, and β‐Jacobi, that is, MANOVA, ensembles. In particular, Dyson's Brownian motions and multivariate Jacobi processes are included. In all cases, the processes depend on so‐called coupling parameters. We review several freezing limit theorems for these diffusions where, for fixed N, one or several of the coupling parameters tend to ∞. In many cases, the limits will be N‐dimensional normal distributions and, in the process case, Gauss processes. However, in some cases, normal distributions on half spaces and distributions related to some other ensembles appear as limits. In all cases, the limits are connected with the zeros of the classical one‐dimensional orthogonal polynomials of order N.
What does it mean to belong? An interdisciplinary integration of theory and research on belonging
Authors: Covarrubias Rebecca 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFeelings and questions of belonging are central to daily life. Highlighting this centrality, research and theory in higher education have offered robust definitions and frameworks for understanding what it means to belong, how it shapes meaningful life outcomes, and how to foster it. This chapter offers an interdisciplinary structure for putting these perspectives in conversation. To do this, I first briefly review and weave discussion about some common definitions and frameworks on belonging. Then, drawing from a place‐belongingness and a politics of belonging framework—which describes how belonging is both an intimate feeling and bounded by intersecting social forces that serve to include and exclude various social realities—I highlight key factors (autobiographical, relational, cultural, economic, legal, elective) that constitute belonging. I offer concrete examples for attending to each factor as a pathway for building relational spaces that critically foster belonging for college students.