bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial co-occurrence of multiple cancers: a population-based study using national cancer registry data in China
Authors: Han Wei , Yang Cuihong , Chen Wangyue , Wu Peng , Xue Fang , Wang Zixing , Gu Wentao , Shen Yubing , Zhang Luwen , Guo Xiaobo , Zhao Jing , Jiang Jingmei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Showing the spatial co-occurrence of multiple types of cancers supports geographical targeting and prioritization, because different cancer types often share common causes. However, the variation in incidence between different cancer types and regional differences within each cancer pose a major challenge to etiological research. This study aimed to assess the spatial co-occurrence of multiple cancers in mainland China to accelerate the identification of causes and development of tailored prevention policies.
Methods
We obtained cancer incidence data for 2016 for 13 cancers from the China Cancer Registry Annual Report. We proposed a design framework to assess the spatial co-occurrence of multiple cancer types using Moran’s I, and identified the level of risk of co-occurrence by area. We used negative binomial regression to obtain the incidence rate ratio for three risk-level areas, and the population attributable fraction and expected excess cases to estimate the proportion of cancer incidence attributable in different risk areas.
Results
The high-risk areas (17.1%) for cancer co-occurrence were mainly in the east and northeast, the low-risk areas (30.7%) were mainly in the south, and medium-risk areas (52.2%) were evenly distributed throughout China. The incidence rate ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.61 (1.53–1.69) for high-risk areas, and 1.19 (1.14–1.23) for medium-risk areas compared to low-risk areas. Most provinces had two to three grades of risk areas. Zhejiang had the highest proportion of high-risk areas (85.7%), and Hunan the highest proportion of low-risk areas (86.4%). The most frequently observed cancer co-occurrence patterns were lung and pancreatic in the 15 provinces with high-risk areas; leukemia, brain tumor, bone, and gallbladder cancer in the 30 provinces with medium-risk areas; and pancreatic, lung and stomach cancer in the 24 provinces with low-risk areas. The population attributable factor ranged from 7.6–37.9% for high-risk areas and 1.8–15.9% for medium-risk areas. There were 44,568 expected excess cases in all areas. The highest number of expected excess cases was in Jiangsu and the lowest in Tibet.
Conclusion
This research framework could help to locate areas at high risk of cancer co-occurrence and identify common risk factors, guiding the development of tailored prevention policies.
The change in left ventricular mass after mitral valve replacement surgery
Authors: Wu Songzhe , Xia Lin , Li Baoyin , Qin Nana , Zhu Yan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Mitral valve lesions caused by rheumatic heart disease and mitral valve lesions caused by degenerative valvular disease are the most common types of mitral valve lesions in China. Mitral valve replacement surgery is an effective treatment for mitral regurgitation, and echocardiography remains a method of assessing perioperative disease severity. This study explores changes in the left ventricle before and after mitral valve replacement surgery from multiple angles and indicators.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on the baseline data and perioperative echocardiography data of 80 patients with rheumatic or degenerative mitral valve disease from September 2020 to March 2022, and the relevant indicators of the perioperative period of patients were obtained by calculating the LVM (left ventricular mass), LVMI (left ventricular mass index ) and RWT(relative wall thickness), and the patients were divided into two groups, A and B, of which group A (rheumatic heart disease, n = 50) and group B (degenerative valvular disease, n = 30). The Mann-Whitney nonparametric test was performed on the LVM and other indicators before and after surgery in the two groups. Paired t-tests are performed for the entire patient undergoing mitral valve replacement surgery before, and after surgery. Look at changes in the left ventricle.
Results
LVM, LVMI left ventricular volume and left ventricular size of patients in group A were smaller than those in group B, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05), while the relative wall thickness of the two groups was not significantly changed, and the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The left ventricular quality, LVMI, left ventricular volume and left ventricular size were all regressed compared with the preoperative indexes in 1 week after surgery and 1 month after surgery, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05), and the left ventricular quality, left ventricular volume and left ventricular size were not significantly changed 3 months after surgery and 1 month after surgery, and the difference was not significant (P > 0.05), while the LVMI was still different and statistically significant (P > 0.05).
Conclusions
In terms of preoperative treatment, the effect of mitral regurgitation caused by rheumatic valvular disease on the left ventricle is smaller than that of degenerative valvular disease. The mass, volume and size of the left ventricle decreased after surgery; The quality, volume, and size of the left ventricle stabilized 3 months after surgery.
Exploration of Tumor Growth Regression of Oil Nanocapsules via the Control of Pik3ca and Myc Expression, Anti-Inflammation and Cell Proliferation Inhibition, and Their Hepatorenal Safety in Rats
Authors: makawy Aida el , Abdel-Aziem Sekena , Mohammed Shaimaa , Ibrahim Faten , EL-Kader Heba Abd , Sharaf Hafiza , Youssef Dalia , Mabrouk Dalia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background The second most common cancer in the world is breast cancer. Chemotherapy is used to treat breast cancer, but instances of multidrug resistance, targets that are not selective, and physicochemical issues raise doubts about its efficacy. So, the exploration of chemopreventive agents from efficient natural sources has been required. The chia and quinoa seeds have health-promoting activities that include cardio-protective, antidiabetic, and anticancer effects. Given the paramount importance of their oils and their potential bioactivities, this work aimed to assess the repressive effect of their oils nanocapsules against mammary tumors in rats. Rat models of chemically induced mammary tumors were gavaged Chia and Quinoa nanocapsules for one month. The repressive effect of nanocapsules was studied by quantifying the TNF-α, assessing the gene expression of proto-oncogenes (Pik3ca & MYC) using qRT PCR, and analyzing the cell cycle in mammary tissue.Results The studies clarified that the inhibition of tumors in response to Quinoa and Chia nanocapsules was associated with the reduction in TNF-α levels, proliferation capability, and motivation of apoptosis. Furthermore, the Quinoa and Chia nanocapsules management repressed the activation of the MYC and Pik3ca genes. As well as nanocapsules modulated the liver enzymes and kidney function alterations induced in mammary tumor animals. Meanwhile, both oils' nanocapsules do not have an impact on the liver and kidneys of healthy rats.Conclusions The findings indicate that Quinoa and Chia nanocapsules are safe and can reduce tumor growth, suggesting a potential natural therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.
The cost-effectiveness of specialist hospital discharge and intermediate care services for patients who are homeless
Authors: Tinelli Michela , Wittenberg Raphael , Cornes Michelle , Aldridge Robert , Clark Michael , Byng Richard , Foster Graham , Fuller James , Hayward Andrew , Hewett Nigel , Kilmister Alan , Manthorpe Jill , Neale Joanne , Biswell Elizabeth , Whiteford Martin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of specialist hospital discharge and intermediate care (support after discharge) services for people who are homeless in England.
Methods
We estimated the comparative cost and consequences of different types of specialist care provided by 17 homeless hospital discharge and intermediate care services. We compared ‘clinically-led’ (multidisciplinary) services with those that were ‘housing-led’ (uniprofessional). We also compared schemes that provided access to ‘step-down’ intermediate care with those that did not. We examined the variation in the effect of different types of schemes compared with a standard care control. Use of resource data for specialist care were sourced through linkage with HES. A control group from a published trial was used as a proxy for standard care. The measure of effectiveness was the number of bed days avoided (in terms of hospital stays for all readmissions in the follow-up period) per homeless user. Additional in-depth analysis of three configurations looked at quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and service delivery costs. The perspective adopted was NHS in England.
Results
Specialist homeless hospital discharge (HHD) care is more cost-effective than standard care. Patients accessing specialist care use fewer bed days per year (including both planned and unplanned readmissions) and presented better QALY outcome. Patients using specialist care have more planned readmissions to hospital and, overall, use more NHS resources than those who use standard care. We interpret this as a positive outcome indicating that specialist care is working more effectively than standard care to improve access to healthcare for this marginalised group. The model remained cost-effective over a range of sensitivity analyses.
Conclusion
Specialist HHD services are likely to be cost-effective for the NHS compared with standard care.
Acceptability of the Social Robot Mini and Attitudes of People with Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Asl Aysan Mahmoudi , Toribio-Guzmán Jose Miguel , Castro-González Álvaro , Castillo José C. , Martin Fernando Alonso , Salichs Miguel A. , Roest Henriëtte van der , Martin Manuel Franco 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background:Social robots are considered a promising solution and support in emotional, mental, and physical areas for people with dementia (PwD) and mild cognitive impairments (MCI). Social robots’ effective adoption and outcome may largely depend on this target group’s attitude and acceptance and should be taken into account since the primary stages of design and development.The present study aims to evaluate the acceptability and attitudes of the PwD and MCI towards the Mini robot and understand their expectations.Methods:A mixed-method study was conducted in a clinical setting, with 22 community-dwelling people with dementia and mild cognitive impairment, aged68-88 years.During the course of a month,the participants engaged in eight sessions of individual interaction with the robot.Pre- and post-evaluation of acceptability were conducted utilizing the Almere questionnaire. Participants completed semi-structured interviews on their attitudes towards the Mini robot at the end of the study.Results:A total of 22 PwD and MCI completed the study and individually participated in eight sessions of interaction with the Mini robot. The data from the Almere questionnaire showed that people were in favour of the Mini robot and the mean values of the ratings were slightly higher in the post-test, except for the social ‘presence/ personality of the robot/social presence’ construct. A collection of ideas emerged from interview data that revealed acceptance and satisfaction with using the Mini robot in clinical settings. Participants viewed the Mini robot as a delightful companion, particularly for those who live alone, as a wonderful advantage. Although the robot’s features were appreciated, some suggestions for improving the robotic platform were made.Conclusion:This research confirms the Mini robot acceptance and the target population's positive opinion towards interacting with Mini robot in clinical settings. The research presented in this article may provide new insights into improving social robots’ design and suggestions for adjusting the robotics’ features to the users’ desires, needs and preferences.
Nanoforest of metal single atoms
Authors: Qiu Huibin , Sun Yan , Zang Yipeng , He Bowen , Lin Geyu , Yang Lei , Shen Chengshuo , Chen Liwei , Liu Xi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Metal single atoms are of increasing importance in catalytic reactions. However, conventional supports normally fail to access a high and versatile loading of metal single atoms. Here, we demonstrate that cylindrical micellar brushes with highly solvated poly(2-vinylpyridine) coronas can immobilize a remarkable amount of diverse metal single atoms on conventional electrodes. This is favored by the forest-like hierarchically open structure of the micellar brushes and the abundant presence of coordinative/aromatic pyridine groups. Eventually, nanoforests of 33 kinds of individual metal single atoms with 8.3 ~ 40.9 wt% atomic contents are fabricated simply by immersion in the solutions of corresponding metal ion precursors. Representatively, the nanoforest of Pt single atoms on nickel foam reveals a high mass activity of 25.9 A mgPt−1 for electrochemical hydrogen evolution. The micellar brush support also allows the simultaneous anchoring of multiple metal single atoms, which prominently reduce the potential to 1.47 V for overall seawater electrolysis.
Efficacy of Praziquantel and Schistosomiasis Reinfection Rate Among School-Aged Children in Ondo State, Nigeria; how feasible is the WHO 2030 elimination roadmap?
Authors: Oni Oluwatosin Idowu , Omoniyi Olatunji , Ajomole Olufunke Flora , Odesanmi Tayelolu Mary , Raji Habeebat Motunrayo , Ogungbeje Aanuoluwapo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Schistosomiasis, caused by blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma that depend on snail intermediate hosts for their life cycle, is a neglected tropical parasitic disease of great public health and socioeconomic significance. Most studies on Schistosomiasis are only prevalence data and not purposefully conducted for interventional programmes. There is a need to access the possible intervention impact as the Nation moves towards the elimination of Schistosomiasis. This study was designed to assess the prevalence and efficacy of PZQ and post-treatment reinfection among SAC and adolescent population in an endemic Community (Ayadi, Irele Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria).
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 140 School Aged Children (SAC) and adolescents at Ayadi, Irele 3 Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria.
Results: The prevalence of Schistosomiasis at baseline was 65% which dropped to 12.01 % following 4 weeks post-treatment and unfortunately out of the participants that tested positive at baseline and negative at 4 weeks post-treatment with PZQ, 13.75 % of them already got infected 6 months post PZQ single use. A significant Egg Reduction Rate (86.49 %) and Cure Rate (87.91 %) were obtained in this study.
Conclusion: Treatment with a single dose of 40 mg/kg of PZQ produced a significant result against Schistosomiasis. However, there was a high reinfection rate due to the lack of safe water. Recommendations: The Schistosomiasis elimination program should be redesigned to accommodate double dose treatment with PZQ and also ensure treatment across all endemic wards without having to sectionalize treatment across moderately and lowly endemic wards.
MTHFD1 Regulates the NADPH Redox Homeostasis in MYCN-amplified Neuroblastoma
Authors: Zhang Yizhuo , Guan Jin , Li Mengzhen , Wang Yi , Zhang Yu , Que Yi , Lu Suying , Wang Juan , Zhu Jia , Huang Junting , Zhen Zijun , Sun Feifei , Song Mengjia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
MYCN amplification is an independent poor prognostic factor in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma (NB). Further exploring the molecular regulatory mechanisms in MYCN-amplified NB will help to develop novel therapy targets. In this study, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 (MTHFD1) was identified as the differentially expressed gene (DEG) highly expressed in MYCN-amplified NB, and it showed a positive correlation with MYCN and was associated with a poor prognosis of NB patients. Knockdown of MTHFD1 inhibited proliferation and migration and induced apoptosis of NB cells in vitro. Mouse model experiments validated the tumorigenic effect of MTHFD1 in NB in vivo. In terms of mechanism, ChIP-qPCR and dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that MTHFD1 was directly activated by MYCN at the transcriptional level. As an important enzyme in the folic acid metabolism pathway, MTHFD1 maintained the NADPH redox homeostasis in MYCN-amplified NB. Knockdown of MTHFD1 reduced cellular NADPH/NADP+ and GSH/GSSG ratios, increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggered the apoptosis of NB cells. Moreover, genetic knockdown of MTHFD1 or application of the anti-folic acid metabolism drug methotrexate (MTX) potentiated the anti-tumor effect of JQ1 both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, MTHFD1 as an oncogene is a potential therapeutic target for MYCN-amplified NB. The combination of MTX with JQ1 is of important clinical translational significance for the treatment of patients with MYCN-amplified NB.
Characterization of residual cancer by comparison of a pair of organoids established from a patient with ESCC before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Fuchino Takafumi , Kurogi Shusaku , Tsukamoto Yoshiyuki , Shibata Tomotaka , Fumoto Shoichi , Fujishima Hajime , Kinoshita Keisuke , Hirashita Yuka , Fukuda Masahide , Nakada Chisato , Itai Yusuke , Suzuki Kosuke , Uchida Tomohisa , Shiroshita Hidefumi , Matsumoto Takashi , Yamaoka Yoshio , Tsutsumi Koshiro , Fukuda Kensuke , Ogawa Ryo , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Kodama Masaaki , Inomata Masafumi , Murakami Kazunari , Moriyama Masatsugu , Hijiya Naoki 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by surgery is a standard approach for management of locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Patients who do not respond well to NAC have a poor prognosis. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms of chemoresistance in ESCC remain largely unknown. Here, we established paired tumor organoids – designated as PreNAC-O and PostNAC-O – from one ESCC patient before and after NAC, respectively. Although the two organoids did not exhibit significant differences in proliferation, morphology or drug sensitivity in vitro, the tumorigenicity of PostNAC-O in vivo was significantly higher than that of PreNAC-O. Xenografts from PreNAC-O tended to exhibit keratinization, while those from PostNAC-O displayed conspicuous necrotic areas. The tumorigenicity of PostNAC-O xenografts during the chemotherapy was comparable to that of PreNAC-O without treatment. Furthermore, the gene expression profiles of the xenografts suggested that expression of genes involved in the EMT and/or hypoxia response might be related to the tumorigenicity of PostNAC-O. Our data suggested that the tumorigenicity of residual cancer had been enhanced, outweighing the effects of chemotherapy, rather than being attributable to intrinsic chemoresistance. Further studies are required to clarify the extent to which residual cancers share a common mechanism similar to that revealed here.
In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-inflamatory Activty of a Eugenia Umbellflora Phloroglucinol
Authors: Barreta Claiza , Bramorski Adriana , Knecht Hellen , Faqueti Larissa G. , Lubschinski Tainá Larissa , Dalmarco Eduardo Monguilhott , Caon Thiago , de Freitas Rilton Alves , Meyre-Silva Christiane 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Eugenia umbelliflora is a plant widely used in the Brazilian traditional medicine due to its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Its fruits are an important natural source of phloroglucinols such as eugenial D. In this study, the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of this compound was investigated, which was isolated from the methanol extract of E. umbelliflora unripe fruits. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, ORAC, ABTS and metal chelating activity assays whereas. The anti-inflammatory activity through the nitric oxide inhibitory assay. The results demonstrated a pro-oxidant effect of the eugenial D due to its ability to neutralize ROS species and metal ions as well as significant in vitro anti-inflammatory activity (inhibited 58.65% of NOx production at 1 µM). A very low cytotoxicity was also identified (CC50 higher than 348µM), suggesting a selectivity of action.
Genetic variability and association of microsatellite markers with seed physiological traits related to seed vigour in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Kumari Shruti , Chakrabarty Shyamal Kumar , Singh Vikram Jeet , Dikshit Brijesh , Bhowmick Prolay 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
High seed vigour is vital for successful nursery management and crop establishment. Genetic variability in seed vigour traits and association with 41 SSR markers in 44 Indian rice varieties was studied.Analysis of variance indicated presence of high genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance.Selecting for these traits would be effective for seed vigour improvement.Among 41 markers, 39 were polymorphic.Out of 141 alleles detected 138 were polymorphic.The number of alleles per locus varied from 2 to 5. The overall size of amplified products varied from 50 bp (RM 240) to 600 bp (RM 13). The PIC value of each marker ranged from 0.013 to 0.967, with an average of 0.430. 44 rice varieties were classified into five major clusters based on their genetic similarity values and maturity periods.RM 1353, RM 250 and RM 229 on chromosomes number 7, 2 and 11, respectively were associated with all seed physiological traits.The traits identified and markers detected in the association analysis will be useful for improvement of seed vigour in rice.
A higher extracellular water/total-body water ratio is associated with pre-frailty in Chinese community-dwelling older men
Authors: Xu Shuaixuan , Chen Wei , Cao Mengyu , Wang Fang , Liu Jinwei , Chen Chao , Ma Shuang , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Nihui , He Xiaofei , Deng Xinli , Peng Nan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the extracellular water/total-body water ratio (ECW/TBW) and physical function indicators in elderly men in the Chinese community and whether it could be used as an objective indicator of prefrailty.
Methods
We included a total of 588 community-dwelling elderly men aged ≥ 65 years. ECW/TBW was assessed by the BIA method; the Fried frailty phenotype (FP) was used to diagnose prefrailty, in which grip strength, gait speed and 5-repetition sit-to-stand time were assessed. We analysed the correlation of ECW/TBW with physical function indicators and the independent influencing factors of prefrailty in elderly individuals.
Results
Univariate analyses showed that the ECW/TBW of the prefrail group was higher than that of the nonfrail group, P < 0.001. Correlation analysis showed that a higher ECW/TBW in community-dwelling older men was associated with reduced grip strength and gait speed and prolonged 5-repetition sit-to-stand time. In addition, the ECW/TBW was significantly and independently associated with grip strength, gait speed and 5-repetition sit-to-stand time, even after adjusting for confounding factors. Logistic regression analysis revealed that a higher ECW/TBW (OR = 2.368, 95% CI 1.185–4.732, P = 0.015) and a longer 5-repetition sit-to-stand time (OR = 1.065, 95% CI 1.013–1.119, P = 0.013) were independent influencing factors in prefrail older adults.
Conclusion
The ECW/TBW reflects the physical functional status of elderly men in the community and may be an important indicator associated with the early development of frailty.