bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Guillain–Barré syndrome in South Korea during the early COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Choi Sun Ah , Hwang Junho , Lim Byung Chan , Chae Soo Ahn 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesGuillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy, often triggered by infection. We aimed to investigate how the incidence of GBS changed in the early stages of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic when nationwide infections declined due to non-pharmaceutical interventions.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide population-based retrospective GBS cohort study using data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service of Korea. Patients with new-onset GBS were defined as those who were first hospitalized between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2020 with an International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision code, for GBS (G61.0) as a primary diagnosis. The incidence of GBS in the pre-pandemic years (2016–2019) was compared with that in the first pandemic year (2020). Nationwide epidemiological data for infections were collected from the national infectious disease surveillance system. A correlation analysis was performed to determine the incidence of GBS and nationwide trends of various infections.ResultsOverall, 3,637 new-onset GBS cases were identified. The age-standardized incidence of GBS in the first pandemic year was 1.10 (95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.19) per 100,000 persons. Compared to the first pandemic year, the incidence of GBS during the pre-pandemic years (1.33–1.68/100,000 persons/year) was significantly higher, with incidence rate ratios of 1.21–1.53 (P &lt; 0.001). Nationwide cases of upper respiratory viral infections were significantly reduced in the first pandemic year; however, Campylobacter infections peaked in the summer of the pandemic. The nationwide epidemiology of parainfluenza virus, enterovirus, and Campylobacter infections correlated positively with GBS incidence.ConclusionThe overall GBS incidence decreased in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be attributed to the dramatic reduction in viral illnesses due to public measures.
Stroke and the risk of gastrointestinal disorders: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Song Jingru , Chen Wenjing , Ye Wei 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundThe issue of whether a stroke is causally related to gastrointestinal disorders was still not satisfactorily understood. Therefore, we investigated if there is a connection between stroke and the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders, including peptic ulcer disease (PUD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).MethodsWe applied two-sample Mendelian randomization to investigate relationships with gastrointestinal disorders. We obtained genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data of any stroke, ischemic stroke, and its subtypes from the MEGASTROKE consortium. From the International Stroke Genetics Consortium (ISGC) meta-analysis, we acquired GWAS summary information on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), including all ICH, deep ICH, and lobar ICH. Several sensitivity studies were performed to identify heterogeneity and pleiotropy, while inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was utilized as the most dominant estimate.ResultsNo evidence for an effect of genetic predisposition to ischemic stroke and its subtypes on gastrointestinal disorders were found in IVW. The complications of deep ICH are a higher risk for PUD and GERD. Meanwhile, lobar ICH has a higher risk of complications for PUD.ConclusionThis study provides proof of the presence of a brain–gut axis. Among the complications of ICH, PUD and GERD were more common and associated with the site of hemorrhage.
Substitutive proprioception feedback of a prosthetic wrist by electrotactile stimulation
Authors: Han Yichen , Lu Yinping , Zuo Yufeng , Song Hongliang , Chou Chih-Hong , Wang Xing , Li Xiangxin , Li Lei , Niu Chuanxin M. , Hou Wensheng 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveSensory feedback of upper-limb prostheses is widely desired and studied. As important components of proprioception, position, and movement feedback help users to control prostheses better. Among various feedback methods, electrotactile stimulation is a potential method for coding proprioceptive information of a prosthesis. This study was motivated by the need for proprioception information for a prosthetic wrist. The flexion-extension (FE) position and movement information of the prosthetic wrist are transmitted back to the human body through multichannel electrotactile stimulation.ApproachWe developed an electrotactile scheme to encode the FE position and movement of the prosthetic wrist and designed an integrated experimental platform. A preliminary experiment on the sensory threshold and discomfort threshold was performed. Then, two proprioceptive feedback experiments were performed: a position sense experiment (Exp 1) and a movement sense experiment (Exp 2). Each experiment included a learning session and a test session. The success rate (SR) and discrimination reaction time (DRT) were analyzed to evaluate the recognition effect. The acceptance of the electrotactile scheme was evaluated by a questionnaire.Main resultsOur results showed that the average position SRs of five able-bodied subjects, amputee 1, and amputee 2 were 83.78, 97.78, and 84.44%, respectively. The average movement SR, and the direction and range SR of wrist movement in five able-bodied subjects were 76.25, 96.67%, respectively. Amputee 1 and amputee 2 had movement SRs of 87.78 and 90.00% and direction and range SRs of 64.58 and 77.08%, respectively. The average DRT of five able-bodied subjects was less than 1.5 s and that of amputees was less than 3.5 s.ConclusionThe results indicate that after a short period of learning, the subjects can sense the position and movement of wrist FE. The proposed substitutive scheme has the potential for amputees to sense a prosthetic wrist, thus enhancing the human-machine interaction.
The associated risk of Blastocystis infection in cancer: A case control study
Authors: Labania Lena , Zoughbor Sumaya , Ajab Suad , Olanda Marie , Shantour Sulaiman N. M. , Al Rasbi Zakeya 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundBlastocystis is an anaerobic intestinal protozoan. Nine Blastocystis subtypes (STs) were detected in humans. A subtype-dependent association between Blastocystis and different cancer types has been debated in many studies. Thus, this study aims to assess the possible association between Blastocystis infection and cancer, especially colorectal cancer (CRC). We also screened the presence of gut fungi and their association with Blastocystis.MethodsWe used a case-control design; cancer patients and cancer-free (CF) participants. The cancer group was further sub-group into CRC group and cancers outside the gastrointestinal tract (COGT) group. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations were performed to identify intestinal parasites in participants’ stool samples. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses were conducted to identify and subtype Blastocystis. Furthermore, gut fungi were investigated molecularly.Results104 stool samples were collected and matched between CF (n=52) and cancer patients (n=52); CRC (n=15) and COGT (n=37). As anticipated, Blastocystis prevalence was significantly higher among CRC patients (60%, P=0.002) and insignificant in COGT patients (32.4%, P=0.161) compared to CF group (17.3%). The most common subtypes were ST2 among cancer group and ST3 in the CF group.ConclusionCancer patients have a higher risk of Blastocystis infection compared to CF individuals (OR=2.98, P=0.022). Increased risk of Blastocystis infection was associated with CRC patients (OR=5.66, P=0.009). Nevertheless, further studies are required to understand the underlying mechanisms of Blastocystis and cancer association.
The CDH patient perspective journey
Authors: Power Beverley 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundCongenital Diaphragmatic Hernia is a malformation of the diaphragm resulting in ongoing clinical symptoms and problems. Mortality remains high, particularly where there are other issues involved. Tracking a patient throughout their lifetime to understand the full impact on health and function is challenging. CDH UK is a registered charity supporting anyone affected by CDH. It has over 25 years of experience and a broad range of patient experience and knowledge.AimsTo develop a patient journey with timepoints of significance.MethodsWe studied our own data and looked at what we already knew from publications and medical advisors. We recruited a focus group, plotted out stages and timepoints through their “lived” experiences using the Team Idea Mapping method. We then compared these experiences to our own data, to identify the common issues in daily life and care.OutcomeWe have developed a patient journey through the eyes of the patient and turned it into a patient friendly infographic. This can be used as a tool to help understand the CDH Journey throughout a patient's lifetime. CDH UK has already used this to create a first prototype of a mobile application. It has also further helped to recognize areas of patient concern and to improve services and resources.DiscussionThis can be used as a basis for care and research, including standards, benchmarking, transition and helping improvements in healthcare, education, family life and social settings. Potentially holding clues as to the etiology and pathology of the condition and an opportunity to further explore theories and unanswered questions. It may help improve counselling and bereavement care, resulting in better general and mental health outcomes.
Pharmacological and toxicological studies of a novel goserelin acetate extended-release microspheres in rats
Authors: Yutong Mao , Liang Ye , Chunjie Sha , Xiaolin Guan , Xiaoyan Gong , Lin Dong , Guangying Du , Xuemei Zhang , Xiaobo Cen , Jingwei Tian , Pengfei Yu , Hongbo Wang 
Published: February 2023

LY01005 is an investigational new drug product of goserelin acetate which is formulated as extended-release microspheres for intramuscular injection. To support the proposed clinical trials and marketing application of LY01005, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicity studies were performed in rats. In the pharmacological study in rats, LY01005 induced an initial supra-physiological level increase of testosterone at 24 h post-dosing which then rapidly fell to castration level. The potency of LY01005 was comparable to the comparator Zoladex® but its effect lasted longer and more stable. A single-dose pharmacokinetics study in rats demonstrated that the Cmax and AUClast of LY01005 increased in a dose-proportional manner in the range of 0.45–1.80 mg/kg and the relative bioavailability was 101.0% between LY01005 and Zoladex®. In the toxicity study, almost all of the positive findings of LY01005 in rats including the changes in hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, progestin) and in reproductive system (uterus, ovary, vagina, cervix uteri, mammary gland, testis, epididymis and prostate) were related to the direct pharmacological effects of goserelin. Mild histopathological changes in foreign body removal reaction induced by excipient were also observed. In conclusion, LY01005 displayed a sustained-release profile of goserelin, and exerted a continuous efficacy in vivo in animal models, which had a comparable potency but with a more sustained effect than that of Zoladex®. The safety profile of LY01005 was largely the same with Zoladex®. These results strongly support the planned LY01005 clinical trials.
The effectiveness of treadmill and swimming exercise in an animal model of osteoarthritis
Authors: da Silva Leandro Almeida , Thirupathi Anand , Colares Mateus Cardoso , Haupenthal Daniela Pacheco dos Santos , Venturini Ligia Milanez , Corrêa Maria Eduarda Anastácio Borges , Silveira Gustavo de Bem , Haupenthal Alessandro , do Bomfim Fernando Russo Costa , de Andrade Thiago Antônio Moretti , Gu Yaodong , Silveira Paulo Cesar Lock 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is considered an inflammatory and degenerative joint disease, characterized by loss of hyaline joint cartilage and adjacent bone remodeling with the formation of osteophytes, accompanied by various degrees of functional limitation and reduction in the quality of life of individuals. The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of treatment with physical exercise on the treadmill and swimming in an animal model of osteoarthritis.Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided (n=12 per group): Sham (S); Osteoarthritis (OA); Osteoarthritis + Treadmill (OA + T); Osteoarthritis + Swimming (OA + S). The mechanical model of OA was induced by median meniscectomy. Thirty days later, the animals started the physical exercise protocols. Both protocols were performed at moderate intensity. Forty-eight hours after the end of the exercise protocols, all animals were anesthetized and euthanized for histological, molecular, and biochemical parameters analysis.Results: Physical exercise performed on a treadmill was more effective in attenuating the action of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL1-β, and IL6) and positively regulating anti-inflammatories such as IL4, IL10, and TGF-β in relation to other groups.Discussion: In addition to maintaining a more balanced oxi-reductive environment within the joint, treadmill exercise provided a more satisfactory morphological outcome regarding the number of chondrocytes in the histological evaluation. As an outcome, better results were found in groups submitted to exercise, mostly treadmill exercise.
Pickleball and mental health in adults: A systematic review
Authors: Cerezuela Juan-Leandro , Lirola Maria-Jesus , Cangas Adolfo J. 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionPhysical activity has been extensively studied and numerous mental health benefits have been found. Pickleball is an emerging racquet sport, which is characterized by its accessibility to all audiences and has become especially popular in the United States among the elderly. It is a novel team game and its inclusive nature is innovative for health improvement. The purpose of this systematic review was to review and evaluate existing studies that have examined the effects of pickleball on the mental and psychological health of individuals.MethodsA systematic review was conducted on articles found in Scopus, PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science (WoS), PsyINFO, Dialnet, and Elton B. Stephens Company (EBESCO) from 1975 to the present. The keywords used was a five combination between “Pickleball” joint with different terms by the connector AND, the second part of the combo could be “mental disorder” OR “anxiety” OR “depression” OR “psychological health” OR “mental health.” Eligibility criteria included: papers focused on pickleball, in English or Spanish, on mental health variables, without establishing an age range. We excluded duplicate works, without access or that did not address the objective of this study.ResultsThe search resulted in 63 papers, of which 13 were selected. A total of 90.74% of the population were people over 50 years of age. The results show significant improvements in the different psychological variables measured in pickleball practitioners: personal wellbeing, life satisfaction, depression, stress, happiness, etc., pickleball shows potential as a new tool to work and improve people’s mental health.ConclusionsThe pickleball is displayed as an inclusive sport that does not need adaptations, resulting of great interest to be worked in different populations with mental problems.
Return on investment from service transformation for young people experiencing mental health problems: Approach to economic evaluations in ACCESS Open Minds (Esprits ouverts), a multi-site pan-Canadian youth mental health project
Authors: Shah Jai L. , Moinfar Zeinab , Anderson Kelly K. , Gould Hayley , Hutt-Macleod Daphne , Jacobs Philip , Mitchell Stephen , Nguyen Thanh , Rodrigues Rebecca , Reaume-Zimmer Paula , Rudderham Heather , Rudderham Sharon , Smyth Rebecca , Surood Shireen , Urichuk Liana , Malla Ashok K. , Iyer Srividya N. , Latimer Eric 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionMental health problems are common globally, and typically have their onset in adolescence and early adulthood—making youth (aged 11–25) an optimal target for prevention and early intervention efforts. While increasing numbers of youth mental health (YMH) initiatives are now underway, thus far few have been subject to economic evaluations. Here we describe an approach to determining the return on investment of YMH service transformation via the pan-Canadian ACCESS Open Minds (AOM) project, for which a key focus is on improving access to mental health care and reducing unmet need in community settings.ApproachAs a complex intervention package, it is hoped that the AOM transformation will: (i) enable early intervention through accessible, community-based services; (ii) shift care away toward these primary/community settings and away from acute hospital and emergency services; and (iii) offset at least some of the increased costs of primary care/community-based mental health services with reductions in the volume of more resource-intensive acute, emergency, hospital or specialist services utilized. Co-designed with three diverse sites that represent different Canadian contexts, a return on investment analysis will (separately at each site) compare the costs generated by the intervention, including volumes and expenditures associated with the AOM service transformation and any contemporaneous changes in acute, emergency, hospital or service utilization (vs. historical or parallel comparators). Available data from health system partners are being mobilized to assess these hypotheses.Anticipated resultsAcross urban, semi-urban and Indigenous sites, the additional costs of the AOM transformation and its implementation in community settings are expected to be at least partially offset by a reduction in the need for acute, emergency, hospital or specialist care.DiscussionComplex interventions such as AOM aim to shift care “upstream”: away from acute, emergency, hospital and specialist services and toward community-based programming which is more easily accessible, often more appropriate for early-stage presentations, and more resource-efficient. Carrying out economic evaluations of such interventions is challenging given the constraints of available data and health system organization. Nonetheless, such analyses can advance knowledge, strengthen stakeholder engagement, and further implementation of this public health priority.
The involvement of spontaneous brain activity in natural recovery from internet gaming disorder: A resting-state fMRI study
Authors: Liu Xiaoyue , Zheng Yawen , Niculescu Michelle , Liang Qi , Yang Ai , Dong Guangheng , Gao Zhonghui , Lin Ping , Liu Yanlong , Chen Li , Xu Danjun 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveInternet gaming disorder (IGD) can seriously impair an individual’s physical and mental health. However, unlike the majority of those suffering from substance addiction, individuals with IGD may recover without any professional intervention. Understanding the brain mechanisms of natural recovery from IGD may provide new insight into how to prevent addiction and implement more targeted interventions.MethodsSixty individuals with IGD were scanned by using a resting-state fMRI to assess brain region changes associated with IGD. After 1 year, 19 individuals with IGD no longer met the IGD criteria and were considered recovered (RE-IGD), 23 individuals still met the IGD criteria (PER-IGD), and 18 individuals left the study. The brain activity in resting state between 19 RE-IGD individuals and 23 PER-IGD individuals was compared by using regional homogeneity (ReHo). Additionally, brain structure and cue-craving functional MRIs were collected to further support the results in the resting-state.ResultsThe resting-state fMRI results revealed that activity in brain regions responsible for reward and inhibitory control [including the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the precuneus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)] was decreased in the PER-IGD individuals compared to RE-IGD individuals. In addition, significant positive correlations were found between mean ReHo values in the precuneus and self-reported craving scores for gaming, whether among the PER-IGD individuals or the RE-IGD individuals. Furthermore, we found similar results in that brain structure and cue-craving differences exist between the PER-IGD individuals and RE-IGD individuals, specifically in the brain regions associated with reward processing and inhibitory control (including the DLPFC, anterior cingulate gyrus, insula, OFC, precuneus, and superior frontal gyrus).ConclusionThese findings indicate that the brain regions responsible for reward processing and inhibitory control are different in PER-IGD individuals, which may have consequences on natural recovery. Our present study provides neuroimaging evidence that spontaneous brain activity may influence natural recovery from IGD.
How information processing and risk/benefit perception affect COVID-19 vaccination intention of users in online health communities
Authors: Liu Hao , Gong Liyue , Wang Cao , Gao Yunyun , Guo Yi , Yi Minhan , Jiang Hao , Wu Xusheng , Hu Dehua 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship among information processing, risk/benefit perception and the COVID-19 vaccination intention of OHCs users with the heuristic-systematic model (HSM).MethodsThis study conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire via an online survey among Chinese adults. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to examine the research hypotheses.ResultsSystematic information processing positively influenced benefit perception, and heuristic information processing positively influenced risk perception. Benefit perception had a significant positive effect on users' vaccination intention. Risk perception had a negative impact on vaccination intention. Findings revealed that differences in information processing methods affect users' perceptions of risk and benefit, which decide their vaccination intention.ConclusionOnline health communities can provide more systematic cues and users should process information systematically to increase their perceived benefits, consequently increase their willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine.
Real-world data in late presentation of HIV infection in Suzhou, China: Results from four consecutive cross-sectional surveys, 2017–2020
Authors: Xu Zhihui , Shen Qiang , Wang Di , Dong Zefeng , Han Weining , Tian Runfang , Zhou Kai , Ya Xuerong , Hu Haiyang 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the real prevalence of late presentation of HIV infection and to identify factors associated with late HIV presentation among patients with newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS in Suzhou, China.MethodsPatients with newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS who registered in national AIDS surveillance system from 2017 to 2020 were included in this study. Late presentation (LP) of HIV infection was defined as HIV diagnosis with a CD4 count &lt; 350 cells/μL or an AIDS-defining event. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with LP.ResultsA total of 2,300 patients were enrolled. 1,325 were classified as late presenters, showing a high percentage of 57.6% (95% CI: 54.5–60.7%) and a rise (P = 0.004) over the four-year period. Patients with newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS who were older than 24 years of age (aOR = 1.549, P = 0.001 for 25-39 years; aOR = 2.389, P &lt; 0.001 for 40 years and older), were Suzhou registered residents (aOR = 1.259, P = 0.026), and were from inpatient and outpatient (aOR = 1.935, P &lt; 0.001) were more likely to be late presentation.ConclusionsThis study showed a high percentage and a rise of late presentation of HIV infection among patients with newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS in Suzhou, China, which is a challenge for future prevention and control of AIDS. Targeted measures should be urgently implemented to reduce late HIV diagnosis.