bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global city formation, authoritarian politics, and transnational policy transfer: The case of affordable housing in China
Authors: She Xiaoye 
Published: July 2023

AbstractConventional research on global cities and policy transfer focuses on global cities in developed democracies. How Asian global cities innovate and transfer social policy has received less scholarly attention. I argue that transnational policy transfer (TPT) has occurred between more mature global cities in Asia and emerging global cities in China in the post‐reform era. Empirically, this article examines the policy domain of affordable housing (AH) and identifies two mature models of AH provision: asset‐based welfare (ABW) in Singapore and public rental housing (PRH) in Hong Kong. It then traces how these models were transferred in three emerging global cities of Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen. While Shanghai has favored Singapore's ABW model, Guangzhou and Shenzhen have prioritized Hong Kong's PRH model. By selecting three cases with different political‐administrative statuses, this article shows how authoritarian politics can interact with the agency of global cities in shaping varying TPT trajectories.
Effects of thinning on functional and phylogenetic diversity of regenerated woody plants in plantations over time
Authors: Xie Jin , Fang Shuai , Yan Qiaoling 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsConversion of natural mixed forests into monoculture plantations results in a loss of biodiversity, and consequently leads to serious ecological problems (e.g. soil acidification and soil fertility declines) by controlling the quantity and quality of litter entering the soil. Plant diversity in the understorey is the most important component of aboveground biodiversity in plantations and plays a critical role in the sustainable development of plantations. Thinning has been proven effective in promoting the regeneration of understorey plants, and most studies have targeted the effects of thinning on a single biodiversity index (e.g. species richness) of the understorey in plantations. The effects of thinning on functional and phylogenetic diversity are less addressed, however, which could limit the full understanding of biodiversity maintenance and potential processes of community assembly integrally in plantations after thinning.LocationNortheast China.MethodsWe chose young and middle‐aged larch (Larix kaempferi) plantations based on the time after thinning (short term, 1–3 years; medium term, 4–9 years; and long term, 10 years or longer), quantified the functional and phylogenetic diversity and the structure of regenerated woody plants in the understorey, and related the functional and phylogenetic diversity to environmental factors (canopy openness and soil nutrients).ResultsFunctional richness and evenness decreased over time after thinning in two types of plantations, and in the medium term the functional divergence of young plantations was significantly lower. At short term after thinning, the phylogenetic diversity was higher in two types of plantations. Functional richness was significantly related to canopy openness in young plantations, while functional divergence was closely related to soil phosphorus content in middle‐aged plantations. Functional and phylogenetic structure of the regenerated woody community changed from dispersion to clustering and had a significant relationship with environmental conditions (e.g. light availability in both young and middle‐aged plantations), highlighting that environmental filtering gradually became the main driving force of community assembly in the regenerated community of the understorey.ConclusionThe functional and phylogenetic diversity of regenerated woody plants changed over time after thinning under the influence of light availability, and environmental filtering played a crucial role in the assembly of the understorey community. Our study expands the research of biodiversity maintenance by considering the effects of thinning over time, and provides new insights into the management and sustainable development of plantations.
A novel gain‐of‐function PIP4K2A mutation elevates the expression of β‐globin and aggravates the severity of α‐thalassemia
Authors: Zhang Yanxia , Xie Hongting , Liang Guanxia , Qin Yunrong , Wei Xiaofeng , Ning Sisi , Liang Yi , Liang Xiongda , Xie Yuling , Lin Zezhang , Zhu Dina , Lin Jiaqiong , Xiong Fu , Xu Xiangming , Shang Xuan 
Published: July 2023

SummaryHaemoglobin H (Hb H) disease (intermediate status of α‐thalassemia) shows marked phenotypic variability from asymptomatic to severe anaemia. Apart from the combined β‐thalassemia allele ameliorating clinical severity, reports of genetic modifier genes affecting the phenotype of Hb H disease are scarce which bring inconvenience to precise diagnosis and genetic counselling of the patients. Here, we present a novel mutation (c.948C>A, p.S316R) in the PIP4K2A gene in a female Hb H disease patient who displayed moderate anaemia and a relatively high Hb H level. Haematological analysis in her family members revealed that individuals carrying this mutation have upregulated β‐globin expression, leading to a more imbalanced β/α‐globin ratio and more Hb H inclusion bodies in peripheral red blood cells. According to functional experiments, the mutant PIP4K2A protein exhibits enhanced protein stability, increased kinase activity and a stronger regulatory effect on downstream proteins, suggesting a gain‐of‐function mutation. Moreover, introduction of the S316R mutation into HUDEP‐2 cells increased expression of β‐globin, further inhibiting erythroid differentiation and terminal enucleation. Thus, the S316R mutation is a novel genetic factor associated with β‐globin expression, and the PIP4K2A gene is a new potential modifier gene affecting the α‐thalassemia phenotype.
Does the union always make the force? Group status and recategorization influence the perceived physical formidability of potential coalition groups
Authors: Vázquez Alexandra , Dovidio John F. , Gómez Ángel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCoalitions among individuals and between groups, which have had critical evolutionary benefits for humans, play an important role in contemporary life. One key element of the processes of assessing potential allies is how they may contribute to the perceived physical formidability – fighting ability or the capacity to inflict costs on others – of the alliance. In three studies, focused for the first time on intergroup coalitions, we investigated how qualities of the groups such as status (social prestige) and the relationship between them influence the perceived physical formidability of a coalition (i.e., European Union, EU). Study 1 found that the inclusion of a group with higher or similar (but not lower) status increased the perceived formidability of the EU. Studies 2 and 3 showed that learning that ingroup members recategorized a low‐status group within a common‐group identity increased the perceived formidability of the EU including that group, compared with the conditions in which either outgroup members recategorized or no information was provided. Study 3 also revealed mediation by fusion – a visceral connection – with outgroup members, which has been relatively unexplored. Taken together, these studies reveal that both, status and social identity processes, may significantly affect the estimations of coalitional formidability.
Correlation between periodontal phenotype and sinus membrane thickness: A systematic review
Authors: Díaz Leonardo , Fan Shengchi , Urrutia Pablo , Uriarte Xavier , Fodich Ivo , Torres Alfredo , Sáenz‐Ravello Gustavo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo assess the correlation between the periodontal phenotype (PP) and sinus membrane thickness (SMT) in humans.MethodsThis review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Two reviewers independently carried out electronic and manual literature searches of studies published in English, German, and Spanish, from 1970 to September 2022 in four electronic databases, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, in addition to gray literature. Studies that assessed the correlation between PP and SMT in adults (aged 18 years) were included. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Appraisal Tool for Cross‐Sectional Studies (AXIS) for articles that met the eligibility criteria.ResultsSix studies, including 510 patients, were considered for qualitative analysis. All included studies were cross‐sectional, and the correlation between the PP and SMT was evaluated, finding a positive and high correlation in 83.3% of them, based on a value of ≥0.7. All the included studies were assessed with a high overall risk of bias.ConclusionsPeriodontal phenotype and sinus membrane thickness are likely correlated. Nevertheless, further standardized studies are required to draw definitive conclusions.
Landscapes of nausea: Successful conditioned taste aversion in a wild red fox population
Authors: Andrewartha Tim , Evans Maldwyn , Blencowe Anton , Brewer Kyle , Gordon Iain J. , Manning Adrian D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPredation by invasive mammalian species is one of the key drivers of native species' population declines and extinctions. Current management of invasive species focuses on their removal from the landscape. However, total removal can be difficult, costly and even impossible. If eradication is not achieved, reductions in predator numbers are often temporary. New tactics are needed to target predators in situ, to reduce their negative impacts. We test the efficacy of conditioned taste aversion (CTA), a tactic that could reduce the impact of predation on target prey species. By associating nausea with a specific food source, it may be possible to condition an aversion to a target bait, and ultimately to live animals in the wild. To assess if wild invasive red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) can be conditioned to avoid a specific food source, we used baits (fried deboned chicken) containing encapsulated levamisole, an anthelmintic agent known to induce nausea leading to emesis and/or diarrhea at high dosages with no long‐term side effects. We buried baits at 30 stations across an open landscape. After treatment, reductions in control baits taken (at least 30%) were observed for 68 days, indicating the use of CTA had successfully reduced bait consumption by red foxes in a wild context. To our knowledge, this study represents the first successful test of CTA to a meat bait in a wild red fox population. Our results suggest that CTA shows promise as a tool to reduce the predation of vulnerable animals providing an alternative tactic to manage the impacts of invasive mammalian predators where eradication is currently impossible.
Variants within the LPL gene confer susceptility to diabetic kidney disease and rapid decline in kidney function in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wu Yu , Cheng Si , Gu Hongqiu , Yang Kaixuan , Xu Zhe , Meng Xia , Wang Yilong , Jiang Yong , Li Hao , Zhou Yilun , Wang Yongjun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo examine the association between lipoprotein lipase (LPL) polymorphisms and susceptibility to diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and early renal function decline in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsThe association of eight LPL single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with DKD was analysed in 2793 patients with T2D from the third China National Stroke Registry. DKD was defined as either an urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR) of 30 mg/g or higher at baseline and 3 months, or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline and 3 months. Rapid decline in kidney function (RDKF) was defined as a reduction in the eGFR of 3 mL/min/1.73 m2 or greater per year. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of LPL SNP and DKD with an additive model.ResultsThe SNPs rs285 C>T (OR = 1.40, P = .0154), rs328 C>G (OR = 2.24, P = .0104) and rs3208305 A>T (OR = 1.85, P = .0015) were identified to be significantly associated with DKD defined by eGFR. Among 1241 participants with follow‐up data, 441 (35.5%) showed RDKF over a mean follow‐up period of 1 year, and the rs285 C allele was associated with higher odds of RDKF (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.04‐1.66; P = .025) after adjustment for multiple variables.ConclusionsThese results suggest that LPL‐related SNPs are new candidate factors for conferring susceptibility to DKD and may promote rapid loss of renal function in Chinese patients with T2D.
Performance of different rapid antigen testing strategies for SARS‐CoV‐2: A living rapid review
Authors: Shaver Nicole , Bennett Alexandria , Beck Andrew , Vyas Niyati , Zitiktye Gabriele , Lam Eric , Whelan Barbara , O'Regan Rhea , Conway Aileen , Skidmore Becky , Moher David , Little Julian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundRapid antigen detection tests (RADTs) for SARS‐CoV‐2 testing offer several advantages over molecular tests, but there is little evidence supporting an ideal testing algorithm. We aimed to examine the diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) and the effectiveness of different RADT SARS‐CoV‐2 testing strategies.MethodsFollowing PRISMA DTA guidance, we carried out a living rapid review and meta‐analysis. Searches were conducted in Ovid MEDLINE® ALL, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL electronic databases until February 2022. Results were visualized using forest plots and included in random‐effects univariate meta‐analyses, where eligible.ResultsAfter screening 8010 records, 18 studies were included. Only one study provided data on incidence outcomes. Seventeen studies were DTA reports with direct comparisons of RADT strategies, using RT‐PCR as the reference standard. Testing settings varied, corresponding to original SARS‐CoV‐2 or early variants. Strategies included differences in serial testing, the individual collecting swabs and swab sample locations. Overall, specificity remained high (>98%) across strategies. Although results were heterogeneous, the sensitivity for healthcare worker‐collected samples was greater than for self‐collected samples. Nasal samples had comparable sensitivity when compared to paired RADTs with nasopharyngeal samples, but sensitivity was much lower for saliva samples. The limited evidence for serial testing suggested higher sensitivity if RADTs were administered every 3 days compared to less frequent testing.ConclusionsAdditional high‐quality research is needed to confirm our findings; all studies were judged to be at risk of bias, with significant heterogeneity in sensitivity estimates. Evaluations of testing algorithms in real‐world settings are recommended, especially for transmission and incidence outcomes.
RETRACTED: Prevalence of surgical wound infection and related factors in patients after long bone surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Asadi Kamran , Tehrany Pooya M. , Salari Amir , Ghorbani Vajargah Pooyan , Mollaei Amirabbas , Sarafi Milad , Ashoobi Mohammad Taghi , Esmaeili Delshad Mohammad Sadegh , Takasi Poorya , Fouladpour Amin , Karkhah Samad , Farzan Ramyar , Aris Arash 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe goal of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to provide an overview of the prevalence of surgical wound infection and related factors in patients after long bone surgery. A comprehensive, systematic search was conducted in different international electronic databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Persian electronic databases such as Iranmedex and Scientific Information Database using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as “Prevalence”, “Surgical wound infection”, “Surgical site infection” and “Orthopedics” from the earliest to the May 1, 2023. The appraisal tool for cross‐sectional studies (AXIS tool) evaluates the quality of the included studies. A total of 71 854 patients undergoing long bone surgery participated in 12 studies. The pooled prevalence of surgical wound infection in patients who underwent long bone surgery reported in the 12 studies was 3.3% (95% CI: 1.5%–7.2%; I2 = 99.39%; p < 0.001). The pooled prevalence of surgical wound infection in male and female patients who underwent long bone surgery was 4.6% (95% CI: 1.7%–11.7%; p < 0.001; I2 = 99.34%) and 2.6% (95% CI: 1.0%–6.3%; I2 = 98.84%; p < 0.001), respectively. The pooled prevalence of surgical wound infection in patients with femur surgery sites reported in nine studies was 3.7% (95% CI: 2.1–6.4%; I2 = 93.43%; p < 0.001). The pooled prevalence of surgical wound infection in open and close fractures was 16.4% (95% CI: 8.2%–30.2%; I2 = 95.83%; p < 0.001) and 2.9% (95% CI: 1.5%–5.5%; I2 = 96.40%; p < 0.001), respectively. The pooled prevalence of surgical wound infection in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) was 4.6% (95% CI: 2.3%–8.9%; I2 = 81.50%; p < 0.001), 2.7% (95% CI: 1.2%–6.0%; I2 = 83.82%; p < 0.001) and 3.0% (95% CI: 1.4%–6.4%; I2 = 69.12%; p = 0.006), respectively. In general, the different prevalence of surgical wound infection in patients undergoing surgical treatment after long bone fracture may be caused by underlying factors (gender and co‐morbidity) and fracture‐related factors (surgery site and type of fracture).
A qualitative study exploring nurses' experiences of supporting South Asian people with dementia and their family carers
Authors: Jenkins Catharine , Kamal Atiya 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsTo explore nurses' experiences of providing support to South Asian (SA) people with dementia and their family carers and to identify barriers and enablers of good transcultural care.DesignA qualitative, phenomenological design was used.MethodsFifteen registered community and in‐patient nurses were recruited via one NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust. Nurses were from diverse backgrounds (Black, Ghanaian, Irish, Mauritian and White), 13 females and 2 males, and had been qualified from between 2 and 49 years. One‐to‐one semi‐structured interviews were conducted between July and October 2019.ResultsA thematic analysis identified three themes. ‘Communication challenges’ highlighted the impact of language barriers and the consequences of misunderstandings due to a dissonance in cultural values between nurses and interpreters. ‘The bi‐directional impact of culture’ identified the two‐way dynamics of transcultural work, the process of countering mutual stigma, and revealed an original perspective on how ‘cultural desire’ grows through practice experiences rather than being a prior motivation for learning. ‘Learning experiences’ showed that most learning was informal, experiential and prolonged, with nurses feeling they had unmet learning needs.ConclusionNurses have minimal training opportunities and are under‐supported in their transcultural work, potentially perpetuating the disadvantages that SA people with dementia and their families face in relation to healthcare. Enhanced cultural understanding of self and others and application of specific communication strategies could support nurses, together with interpreters, to build rapport and effective working relationships with each other and service users.ImpactTranscultural nursing is a key competency, but nurses experience difficulties with providing care which is recognized as effective by SA family carers. The development of more acceptable and effective services requires improved mutual cultural understanding between nurses, interpreters and families, underpinned by joint brief training interventions, leading to more effective professional communication, better care outcomes and improved satisfaction with services.
Integrative oral medicine: Dentistry's role in improving health outcomes
Authors: Thompson Doug 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis article describes the importance of identifying inflammation‐inducing conditions in the dental office that are prevalent in the population and have significant systemic health risks for the patient. The role of the dental biofilm will be presented, as will the clinical protocols for treating an unhealthy biofilm. Methods for testing and maintaining a healthy biofilm are also presented.Clinical ConsiderationsPeriodontal disease, dental caries, and periapical infections are inflammation‐inducing diseases that can be identified in the dental office. Additionally, sleep apnea has been linked to chronic systemic inflammation. Dentists can identify risk factors and provide treatments that lower the risk of serious systemic outcomes, such as atherosclerosis, cardiac arrest, and stroke.ConclusionsA thorough dental examination, including a comprehensive periodontal evaluation, can provide important information that can be used to improve or maintain a patient's systemic health. Treatments provided to improve oral health have been shown to improve systemic indicators of cardiovascular health. This is the basis of integrative oral medicine, a collaboration between the medical and dental providers, which can offer patients the best opportunity for improved health outcomes.Clinical SignificancePeriodontal disease, caries, periapical infections, and sleep apnea all have negative systemic health consequences for the patient (DiMatteo, Inside Dent, 2017, 13, 30; Nakano, Oral Microbiol Immunol, 2009, 24, 64; El Ouarti, BMC Oral Health, 2021, 21, 124; Lamberg, Steve). Periodontal disease, caries, and root end infections influence the health of the oral biofilm. If the biofilm becomes pathogenic the host inflammatory response can be stimulated, resulting in a cascade of inflammatory processes that damage the supporting structures of the teeth and harm the patient's overall health. A thorough dental exam that includes a comprehensive periodontal evaluation will identify patients with active inflammation or oral conditions that contribute to chronic inflammation. Dentists can integrate this information into treatment strategies that reduce the inflammatory burden and assist in better overall health outcomes.
Ultra‐processed food consumption in Argentina according to income level and its association with the intake of healthy foods
Authors: Zapata María Elisa , Arrieta Ezequiel , Beltramo Belén , Rovirosa Alicia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUltra‐processed foods (UPFs) are associated with unhealthy diets and chronic diseases. Hence, knowing the consumption pattern of UPFs in the general population is crucial to design policies to improve public health, such as the recently approved law for the Promotion of Healthy Eating in Argentina (Law N° 27.642). The aim of the study was to characterise the consumption of UPFs according to income level and to assess their association with the intake of healthy foods in the Argentinian population. Healthy foods were defined in this study as those non‐UPF groups that have been shown to reduce the risk of non‐communicable diseases and excluded certain natural or minimally processed foods such as red meat, poultry and eggs. We retrieved data from the 2018–2019 National Nutrition and Health Survey (ENNyS 2), a cross‐sectional, nationally representative survey performed in Argentina, including 15 595 inhabitants. We classified the 1040 food items recorded by the degree of processing using the NOVA system. UPFs represented nearly 26% of daily energy. The intake of UPFs increased with income, with a difference of up to 5 percentage points between the lowest (24%) and the highest (29%) income levels (p < 0.001). Cookies, industrial pastries, cakes and sugar‐sweetened beverages were the most consumed UPF items, accounting for 10% of daily energy intake. We found that UPF intake was associated with a decrease in consumption of healthy food groups, mainly fruits and vegetables, where a difference of −28.3 g/2000 kcal and −62.3 g/2000 kcal between tertile 1 and tertile 3 was estimated, respectively. Therefore, Argentina still maintains a UPF consumption pattern of a low‐ and middle‐income country, where UPF intake increases with income, but these foods also compete with the intake of healthy foods.