bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thin film epitaxial [111] Co$$_{50}$$Pt$$_{50}$$: structure, magnetisation, and spin polarisation
Authors: Satchell N. , Gupta S. , Maheshwari M. , Shepley P. M. , Rogers M. , Cespedes O. , Burnell G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFerromagnetic films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy are of interest in spintronics and superconducting spintronics. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be achieved in thin ferromagnetic multilayer structures, when the anisotropy is driven by carefully engineered interfaces. Devices with multiple interfaces are disadvantageous for our application in superconducting spintronics, where the current perpendicular to plane is affected by the interfaces. Robust intrinsic PMA can be achieved in certain Co$$_x$$

x

Pt$$_{100-x}$$

100
-
x

alloys and compounds at any thickness, without increasing the number of interfaces. Here, we grow equiatomic Co$$_{50}$$

50

Pt$$_{50}$$

50

and report a comprehensive study on the structural, magnetic, and spin-polarisation properties in the $$L1_1$$

L

1
1

and $$L1_0$$

L

1
0

ordered compounds. Primarily, interest in Co$$_{50}$$

50

Pt$$_{50}$$

50

has been in the $$L1_0$$

L

1
0

crystal structure, where layers of Pt and Co are stacked alternately in the [100] direction. There has been less work on $$L1_1$$

L

1
1

crystal structure, where the stacking is in the [111] direction. For the latter $$L1_1$$

L

1
1

crystal structure, we find magnetic anisotropy perpendicular to the film plane. For the former $$L1_0$$

L

1
0

crystal structure, the magnetic anisotropy is perpendicular to the [100] plane, which is neither in-plane or out-of-plane in our samples. We obtain a value for the ballistic spin polarisation of the $$L1_1$$

L

1
1

and $$L1_0$$

L

1
0

Co$$_{50}$$

50

Pt$$_{50}$$

50

to be $$47\pm 3\%$$

47
±
3
%

.
High-resolution ecosystem changes pacing the millennial climate variability at the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in NE-Italy
Authors: Badino Federica , Pini Roberta , Ravazzi Cesare , Chytrý Milan , Bertuletti Paolo , Bortolini Eugenio , Dudová Lydie , Peresani Marco , Romandini Matteo , Benazzi Stefano 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObservation of high-resolution terrestrial palaeoecological series can decipher relationships between past climatic transitions, their effects on ecosystems and wildfire cyclicity. Here we present a new radiocarbon dated record from Lake Fimon (NE-Italy) covering the 60–27 ka interval. Palynological, charcoal fragments and sediment lithology analysis were carried out at centennial to sub-centennial resolutions. Identification of the best modern analogues for MIS 3 ecosystems further enabled to thoroughly reconstruct structural changes in the vegetation through time. This series also represents an “off-site” reference record for chronologically well-constrained Palaeolithic sites documenting Neanderthal and Homo sapiens occupations within the same region. Neanderthals lived in a mosaic of grasslands and woodlands, composed of a mixture of boreal and broad-leaved temperate trees analogous to those of the modern Central-Eastern Europe, the Southern Urals and central-southern Siberia. Dry and other grassland types expanded steadily from 44 to 43 ka and peaked between 42 and 39 ka, i.e., about the same time when Sapiens reached this region. This vegetation, which finds very few reliable modern analogues in the adopted Eurasian calibration set, led to the expansion of ecosystems able to sustain large herds of herbivores. During 39–27 ka, the landscape was covered by steppe, desert-steppe and open dry boreal forests similar to those of the modern Altai-Sayan region. Both Neanderthal and Sapiens lived in contexts of expanded fire-prone ecosystems modulated by the high-frequency climatic cycles of MIS 3.
Encoding force modulation in two electrotactile feedback parameters strengthens sensory integration according to maximum likelihood estimation
Authors: Gholinezhad Shima , Farina Dario , Dosen Strahinja , Dideriksen Jakob 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBidirectional human–machine interfaces involve commands from the central nervous system to an external device and feedback characterizing device state. Such feedback may be elicited by electrical stimulation of somatosensory nerves, where a task-relevant variable is encoded in stimulation amplitude or frequency. Recently, concurrent modulation in amplitude and frequency (multimodal encoding) was proposed. We hypothesized that feedback with multimodal encoding may effectively be processed by the central nervous system as two independent inputs encoded in amplitude and frequency, respectively, thereby increasing state estimate quality in accordance with maximum-likelihood estimation. Using an adaptation paradigm, we tested this hypothesis during a grasp force matching task where subjects received electrotactile feedback encoding instantaneous force in amplitude, frequency, or both, in addition to their natural force feedback. The results showed that adaptations in grasp force with multimodal encoding could be accurately predicted as the integration of three independent inputs according to maximum-likelihood estimation: amplitude modulated electrotactile feedback, frequency modulated electrotactile feedback, and natural force feedback (r2 = 0.73). These findings show that multimodal electrotactile feedback carries an intrinsic advantage for state estimation accuracy with respect to single-variable modulation and suggest that this scheme should be the preferred strategy for bidirectional human–machine interfaces with electrotactile feedback.
Impact of climate extreme events and their causality on maize yield in South Africa
Authors: Simanjuntak Christian , Gaiser Thomas , Ahrends Hella Ellen , Ceglar Andrej , Singh Manmeet , Ewert Frank , Srivastava Amit Kumar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExtreme climate events can have a significant negative impact on maize productivity, resulting in food scarcity and socioeconomic losses. Thus, quantifying their effect is needed for developing future adaptation and mitigation strategies, especially for countries relying on maize as a staple crop, such as South Africa. While several studies have analyzed the impact of climate extremes on maize yields in South Africa, little is known on the quantitative contribution of combined extreme events to maize yield variability and the causality link of extreme events. This study uses existing stress indices to investigate temporal and spatial patterns of heatwaves, drought, and extreme precipitation during maize growing season between 1986/87 and 2015/16 for South Africa provinces and at national level and quantifies their contribution to yield variability. A causal discovery algorithm was applied to investigate the causal relationship among extreme events. At the province and national levels, heatwaves and extreme precipitation showed no significant trend. However, drought severity increased in several provinces. The modified Combined Stress Index (CSIm) model showed that the maize yield nationwide was associated with drought events (explaining 25% of maize yield variability). Heatwaves has significant influence on maize yield variability (35%) in Free State. In North West province, the maize yield variability (46%) was sensitive to the combination of drought and extreme precipitation. The causal analysis suggests that the occurrence of heatwaves intensified drought, while a causal link between heatwaves and extreme precipitation was not detected. The presented findings provide a deeper insight into the sensitivity of yield data to climate extremes and serve as a basis for future studies on maize yield anomalies.
Study on the optimization of temperature uniformity in the oven under the forced convection mode
Authors: Yang Zongliang , Cheng Dongxu , Su Bin , Ji Chuang , Huang Jiayu , Li Haiyun , Zhang Kai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn order to study the temperature distribution in a multi-functional oven and optimize the structural parameters of the oven, the internal temperature uniformity was improved. The test was conducted and the numerical simulation was conducted in two ways. The distribution of temperature field in each layer of ovens was measured in real time using a 13-point distributed thermocouple, and the oven temperature uniformity index was measured and analyzed. The temperature field inside the oven was numerically simulated using computational fluid dynamics. Investigated the heat conduction, convection and radiation effects respectively, and found out the main heat transfer mode of the oven. Further through the test of temperature measurement, verify the accuracy of the numerical simulation method. According to the results of the experiment and simulation, the reason of the uneven temperature field in the original structure of the oven was revealed and analyzed. By changing the structure of the oven tailgate, adjusting the air volume distribution, changing the distribution of the air outlet and other measures, greatly improving the uniformity of the temperature field inside the oven.
A serpent-type wave energy converter
Authors: Sorek Sebastian , Sulisz Wojciech 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe problem of the interaction of waves with a serpent-type wave energy converter was investigated, and a novel 3D analytical solution was derived. The optimal parameters of the energy converter were derived for the first time from wave energy principles. The results show that the wave power captured by the device increases with increasing wave lengths until a maximum and then decreases. The efficiency increases with decreasing stiffness of the device in shallow and intermediate waters. In deep water, the efficiency increases with increasing stiffness until a local maximum and then decreases. Moreover, the efficiency increases with the increasing mass of the device in shallow and intermediate waters. In deep water, the efficiency of a converter decreases with the increasing mass of the device. An original approach to determine the optimal parameters of a device for given wave conditions was derived. The derived analytical formula shows that the top efficiency level of power capturing cannot exceed 50%. This is the theoretical maximum for this type of converter. The power take-off optimization analysis also identifies the spectrum of wave conditions for which the efficiency of the generator is close to the maximum. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted in a hydraulic laboratory to verify the model. The comparisons of the recorded data with the analytical solution show a very good agreement.
Surface quality and dry sliding wear behavior of AZ61Mg alloy using Abbott firestone technique
Authors: El-Shenawy Eman H. , Farahat Ahmed I. Z. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCurrently, magnesium alloys are widely utilized in diverse sectors due to their unique properties. However, the AZ61Mg alloy, a commonly used magnesium alloy, is known to have poor wear resistance, which limits its applications. To address this issue, researchers have investigated various surface treatment techniques, including the Abbott Firestone method, to improve the wear resistance of this alloy. This study employs response surface methodology (RSM) to examine the effects of pressure and velocity on wear behavior and Abbott Firestone zones of AZ61Mg alloy. Three pressure (0.01, 0.015, and 0.02 MPa) and velocity (0.57, 0.76, and 0.95 m/s) levels are used to conduct dry sliding wear tests at room temperature using a pin-on-disc method with an experimental design technique (EDT). Analysis of variance ANOVA is employed to identify the relationship between the input parameters (pressure and velocity) and the responses (wear rate, Surface Roughness Parameter Rz, and Abbott Firestone zones) of the AZ61Mg alloy. The optimized models for wear rate and Abbott Firestone zones yielded accurate estimations, which can enhance cost-effectiveness and efficiency. The findings indicate that pressure and velocity significantly affect the wear behavior of the AZ61Mg alloy.
Therapeutic potential of pomegranate juice-derived nanovesicles in nude mouse benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) xenograft model
Authors: Sreekumar Amritha , Simmons Matthew N. , Lee Tae Jin , Sharma Ashok , Saini Sharanjot 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and associated lower urinary tract symptoms affect a large percentage of the male population and places a substantial burden on the world health system. Current therapies include 5-alpha reductase inhibitors and alpha-blockers that are only partially effective and pose a huge economic burden, emphasizing the urgent need for effective, economical therapies. We isolated nanovesicles from pomegranate juice (Punica Granatum) (referred to as ‘POM-NVs’) and report to our knowledge for the first time, that these vesicles possess therapeutic potential against BPH. Following extensive characterization of POM-NVs, we tested their therapeutic potential in vitro using BPH1 cell line and identified a potential anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effect. We further tested these vesicles using a clinically relevant xenograft mouse BPH model derived from human BPH tissues. Remarkably, POM-NVs could reverse the BPH phenotype conferred by TGF-β mediated signaling and induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) reversal, leading to the restoration of prostate epithelial states in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, these vesicles attenuated bone morphogenic protein 5 (BMP5) signaling, a cardinal alteration that is instrumental in driving BPH. Considering the large incidences of BPH and its associated economic burdens, our study has important implications and can potentially improve the clinical management of BPH.
A new green approach for Lavandula stoechas aroma recovery and stabilization coupling supercritical CO2 and natural deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Vladić Jelena , Kovačević Strahinja , Rebocho Silvia , Paiva Alexandre , Jokić Stela , Duarte Ana Rita , Jerković Igor 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis work investigated a green approach to obtain and stabilize Lavandula stoechas L. volatile organic compounds with sensory aroma characteristics by using alternative solvents, namely supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) and deep eutectic solvents (DES). The CO2 extracts were dispersed in different DES mixtures (betaine:ethylene glycol (1:3), betaine:glycerol (1:2), and glycerol:glucose (4:1)) and their stability was monitored during 6 months of storage at room temperature by monitoring the headspace (HS) profile. The CO2 extract was used as the control. It was initially determined that there was a dominant presence of oxygenated monoterpenes (67.33–77.50%) in the extracts. During storage, significant changes occurred in the samples’ HS, such as the decrease in terpene hydrocarbons which also affected the presence of oxygenated terpenes, which increased in certain cases. Moreover, the highest formation of new components was recorded in the control which could be an indicator of decreased stability. The DESs-CO2 were more stable than the CO2 control and among them, betaine:ethylene glycol stood out as the most adequate systems for maintaining the stability of L. stoechas HS components. For the visual estimation of similarities and dissimilarities among the samples, chemometric pattern recognition approaches were applied including the hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and sum of ranking differences.
Terahertz-readable laser engraved marks as a novel solution for product traceability
Authors: Hoveida Pouria , Phoulady Adrian , Choi Hongbin , May Nicholas , Shahbazmohamadi Sina , Tavousi Pouya 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCounterfeit products pose significant economic, security, and health risks. One approach to mitigate these risks involves establishing product provenance by tracing them back to their manufacturing origins. However, current identification methods, such as barcodes and RFIDs, have limitations that make them vulnerable to counterfeiting. Similarly, nonvolatile memories, physically unclonable functions, and emerging techniques like Diamond Unclonable Security Tag and DNA fingerprinting also have their own limitations and challenges. For a traceability solution to gain widespread adoption, it must meet certain criteria, including being inexpensive, unique, immutable, easily readable, standardized, and unclonable. In this paper, we propose a solution that utilizes ultrashort pulsed lasers to create unique, unclonable, and immutable physical tags. These tags can then be read nondestructively using far-field Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of our proposed approach. We aim to assess the ability to distinguish laser marks with varying depths, evaluate the sensitivity of THz reading to laser engraving parameters, examine the capacity to capture high-information-density marks, and explore the ability to capture subsurface tags. By addressing these aspects, our method holds the potential to serve as a universal solution for a wide range of traceability applications.
Effects of hydrothermal factors and human activities on the vegetation coverage of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Guo Jianxiao , Zhai Liang , Sang Huiyong , Cheng Siyuan , Li Hongwei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA systematic understanding of the spatio-temporal changes and driving factors in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau holds significant scientific reference value for the future of ecological sustainable development. This paper utilizes MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and meteorological data to investigate the spatio-temporal changes and driving factors of vegetation coverage in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 2001 to 2020. Methods employed include the dimidiate pixel model, trend analysis, partial correlation analysis, and residual analysis. The results demonstrate a generally fluctuating upward trend in vegetation coverage across the Tibetan Plateau over the past two decades, with spatial expansion occurring from northwest to southeast. Vegetation coverage exhibits a positive correlation with climate factors. Approximately 60.7% of the area showed a positive correlation between vegetation fractional cover (FVC) and precipitation, with 8.66% of the area demonstrating extremely significant (p < 0.05) and significant (p < 0.01) positive correlation. Human activities, on the whole, have contributed to the enhancement of vegetation cover in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The areas where human activities have positively impacted vegetation cover are primarily situated in north-central Qinghai and north of Ngari, while areas experiencing degradation include certain grassland regions in central-eastern Yushu, Nagqu, and Lhasa.
Identification of INHBA as a potential biomarker for gastric cancer through a comprehensive analysis
Authors: Liu Fang , Liu Jiayi , Shi Xinrui , Hu Xiaojie , Wei Lai , Huo Bingjie , Chang Liang , Han Yaqing , Liu Guangjie , Yang Lei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInhibin subunit beta A (INHBA) is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily that plays a fundamental role in various cancers. However, a systematic analysis of the exact role of INHBA in patients with gastric cancer (GC) has not yet been conducted. We evaluated the expression levels of INHBA and the correlation between INHBA and GC prognosis in GC. The relationship between INHBA expression, immune infiltration levels, and type markers of immune cells in GC was also explored. In addition, we studied INHBA mutations, promoter methylation, and functional enrichment analysis. Besides, high expression levels of INHBA in GC were significantly related to unfavorable prognosis. INHBA was negatively correlated with B cell infiltration, but positively correlated with macrophage and most anticancer immunity steps. INHBA expression was positively correlated with the type markers of CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. INHBA has a weak significant methylation level change between tumor and normal tissues and mainly enriched in cancer-related signaling pathways. The present study implies that INHBA may serve as a potential biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with GC. INHBA is a promising predictor of immunotherapy response, with higher levels of INHBA indicating greater sensitivity.
Small-polaron transport in perovskite nickelates
Authors: Tyunina M. , Savinov M. , Pacherova O. , Dejneka A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractKnowledge of the explicit mechanisms of charge transport is preeminent for a fundamental understanding of the metal-to-insulator transition in ABO3-type perovskite rare-earth nickelates and for potential applications of these technologically promising materials. Here we suggest that owing to intrinsic Jahn–Teller-driven carrier localization, small-polaron transport is innate in nickelates. We demonstrate experimental evidence for such transport by investigating AC conductivity over a broad range of temperatures and frequencies in epitaxial SmNiO3 films. We reveal the hopping mechanism of conductivity, Holstein-type activation energy for hopping, nonclassical relaxation behavior, and nonclassical consistency between activation and relaxation. By analyzing these observations, we validate small-polaron transport. We anticipate that our findings can lead to precise tailoring of the DC and AC conductivity in nickelates as requested for fruitful employment of these materials. We also believe that further investigations of self-trapped small polarons are essential for a comprehensive understanding of nickelates.
Coupled quantum vortex kinematics and Berry curvature in real space
Authors: Dominici Lorenzo , Rahmani Amir , Colas David , Ballarini Dario , De Giorgi Milena , Gigli Giuseppe , Sanvitto Daniele , Laussy Fabrice P. , Voronova Nina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Berry curvature provides a powerful tool to unify several branches of science through their geometrical aspect: topology, energy bands, spin and vector fields. While quantum defects–phase vortices and skyrmions–have been in the spotlight, as rotational entities in condensates, superfluids and optics, their dynamics in multi-component fields remain little explored. Here we use two-component microcavity polaritons to imprint a dynamical pseudospin texture in the form of a double full Bloch beam, a conformal continuous vortex beyond unitary skyrmions. The Berry curvature plays a key role to link various quantum spaces available to describe such textures. It explains for instance the ultrafast spiraling in real space of two singular vortex cores, providing in particular a simple expression–also involving the complex Rabi frequency–for their intricate velocity. Such Berry connections open new perspectives for understanding and controlling highly-structured quantum objects, including strongly asymmetric cases or even higher multi-component fields.
Approximating the uncertainty of deep learning reconstruction predictions in single-pixel imaging
Authors: Shang Ruibo , O’Brien Mikaela A. , Wang Fei , Situ Guohai , Luke Geoffrey P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSingle-pixel imaging (SPI) has the advantages of high-speed acquisition over a broad wavelength range and system compactness. Deep learning (DL) is a powerful tool that can achieve higher image quality than conventional reconstruction approaches. Here, we propose a Bayesian convolutional neural network (BCNN) to approximate the uncertainty of the DL predictions in SPI. Each pixel in the predicted image represents a probability distribution rather than an image intensity value, indicating the uncertainty of the prediction. We show that the BCNN uncertainty predictions are correlated to the reconstruction errors. When the BCNN is trained and used in practical applications where the ground truths are unknown, the level of the predicted uncertainty can help to determine whether system, data, or network adjustments are needed. Overall, the proposed BCNN can provide a reliable tool to indicate the confidence levels of DL predictions as well as the quality of the model and dataset for many applications of SPI.