bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High spatial resolution direct conversion amorphous selenium X-ray detectors with monolithically integrated CMOS readout
Authors: Han Z. , Mukherjee A. , Albert A. , Rumaiz A.K. , Harding I. , Tate M.W. , Gruner S.M. , Thom-Levy J. , Kuczewski A.J. , Siddons D.P. , Carini G.A. , Stavro J. , Léveillé S. , Vasileska D. , Zhao W. , Goldan A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Recent progress in the field of micron-scale spatial
resolution direct conversion X-ray detectors for high-energy synchrotron light sources serve applications ranging from nondestructive and noninvasive microscopy techniques which provide insight into the structure and morphology of crystals, to medical diagnostic measurement devices. Amorphous selenium (a-Se) as a wide-bandgap thermally evaporated photoconductor exhibits ultra-low thermal generation rates for dark carriers and has been extensively used in X-ray medical imaging. Being an amorphous material, it can further be deposited over large areas at room temperatures and at substantially lower costs as compared to crystalline semiconductors. To address the demands for a high-energy and high spatial resolution X-ray detector for synchrotron light source applications, we have thermally evaporated a-Se on a Mixed-Mode Pixel Array Detector (MM-PAD) Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). The ASIC format consists of 128 × 128 square pixels each 150 μm on a side. A 200 μm a-Se layer was directly deposited on the ASIC followed by a metal top electrode. The completed detector assembly was tested with 45 kV Ag and 23 kV Cu X-ray tube sources. The detector fabrication, performances, Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) measurements, and simulations are reported.
A biopolymeric mesh enriched with PLGA microparticles loaded with AT101 for localized glioblastoma treatment
Authors: Hellmold Dana , Arnaldi Pietro , Synowitz Michael , Held-Feindt Janka , Akbari Mohsen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Current treatment strategies for glioblastoma (GBM) including surgical resection and adjuvant radio/chemotherapy result in a limited progression-free survival time of patients due to rapidly occurring tumor recurrences. The urgent need for more effective treatments has led to the development of different approaches for localized drug delivery systems (DDSs) offering the advantages of reduced systemic side effects. A promising candidate for the treatment of GBMs is AT101, the R-(-)-enantiomer of gossypol due to its ability to induce apoptosis or trigger autophagic cell death in tumor cells. Here, we present an alginate-based drug-releasing mesh ladened with AT101-loaded PLGA microspheres (AT101-GlioMesh). The AT101-loaded PLGA microspheres were fabricated using an oil-in-water emulsion solvent evaporation method obtaining a high encapsulation efficiency. The drug-loaded microspheres enabled the release of AT101 over several days at the tumor site. The cytotoxic effect of the AT101-loaded mesh was evaluated using two different GBM cell lines. Strikingly, encapsulation of AT101 in PLGA-microparticles and subsequent embedding in GlioMesh resulted in a sustained delivery and more efficient cytotoxic effect of AT101 on both GBM cell lines. Thus, such a DDS holds promise for GBM therapy likely by preventing the development of tumor recurrences.
Joint distribution of two local times for diffusion processes with the application to the construction of various conditioned processes
Authors: Mazzolo Alain , Monthus Cécile 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor a diffusion processX(t) of driftμ(x)and of diffusion coefficientD=1/2, we study the joint distribution of the two local timesA(t)=∫0tdτδ(X(τ))andB(t)=∫0tdτδ(X(τ)−L)at positionsx = 0 andx = L, as well as the simpler statistics of their sumΣ(t)=A(t)+B(t). Their asymptotic statistics for large timet→+∞involves two very different cases: (i) when the diffusion processX(t) is transient, the two local times[A(t);B(t)]remain finite random variables[A∗(∞),B∗(∞)]and we analyze their limiting joint distribution; (ii) when the diffusion processX(t) is recurrent, we describe the large deviations properties of the two intensive local timesa=A(t)tandb=B(t)tand of their intensive sumσ=Σ(t)t=a+b. These properties are then used to construct various conditioned processes[X∗(t),A∗(t),B∗(t)]satisfying certain constraints involving the two local times, thereby generalizing our previous work (Mazzolo and Monthus 2022J. Stat. Mech.103207) concerning the conditioning with respect to a single local timeA(t). In particular for the infinite time horizonT→+∞, we consider the conditioning towards the finite asymptotic values[A∗(∞),B∗(∞)]orΣ∗(∞), as well as the conditioning towards the intensive values[a∗,b∗]orσ∗, that can be compared with the appropriate ‘canonical conditioning’ based on the generating function of the local times in the regime of large deviations. This general construction is then applied to the simplest case where the unconditioned diffusion is the Brownian motion of uniform driftµ.
Adjusting phase-covariant qubit channel performance with non-unitality
Authors: Siudzińska Katarzyna , Studziński Michał 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We analyze quantum communication properties of phase-covariant channels depending on their degree of non-unitality. In particular, we derive analytical formulas for the minimal and maximal channel fidelity on pure states and maximal output purity. Next, we introduce a measure of non-unitality and show how to manipulate between unital and maximally non-unital maps by considering classical mixtures of quantum channels. Finally, we prove that maximal fidelity and maximal output purity increase with non-unitality and present several examples. Interestingly, non-unitality can also prolong quantum entanglement and lead to its rebirth.
Visualizing dynamic three-dimensional changes of human reticular dermal collagen under mechanical strain
Authors: van Haasterecht L , Zhou M , Ma Y , Bartolini L , Van Mourik F , Van Zuijlen P P M , Groot M L 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In clinical practice, plastic surgeons are often faced with large skin defects that are difficult to close primarily. Management of large skin wounds e.g. burns or traumatic lacerations requires knowledge of skin biomechanic properties. Research into skin microstructural adaptation to mechanical deformation has only been performed using static regimes due to technical limitations. Here, we combine uniaxial stretch tests with fast second harmonic generation imaging and we apply this for the first time to investigate dynamic collagen rearrangement in reticular human dermis. Ex vivo human skin from the abdomen and upper thigh was simultaneously uniaxially stretched while either periodically visualizing 3D reorganization, or visualizing 2D changes in real time. We determined collagen alignment via orientation indices and found pronounced variability across samples. Comparing mean orientation indices at the different stages of the stress strain curves (toe, heel, linear) showed a significant increase in collagen alignment during the linear part of the mechanical response. We conclude that fast SHG imaging during uni-axial extension is a promising research tool for future studies on skin biomechanic properties.
Chemical and physical studies of metallic alloy-based old Indian coins with LIBS coupled with multivariate analysis
Authors: GUPTA Vikas , RAI Abhishekh Kumar , KUMAR Tejmani , JUNJURI Rajendhar , KUMAR G Manoj , RAI A K 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The present work aims to demonstrate the capabilities of Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) coupled with a multivariate technique for rapid quantification and classification of old Indian coins made of various alloys. Thirteen old Indian coins in different years of circulation, (1922–1986) were selected for the study. The concentrations were determined by Calibration free LIBS (CF-LIBS) method. The concentration of cuprum (Cu) is negligible, and aluminum (Al) is maximum in the first five coins, and vice-versa in the remaining eight coins. Two different multivariate methods, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy (SIMCA) have been used to classify and identify the coins. PCA classified all thirteen samples into four main alloy categories. The discernment of unknown samples to their probable class membership of alloy was performed using SIMCA. The surface hardness (Brinell hardness number) is linearly correlated with the plasma temperature and LIBS intensity ratios. The sample surface of the first and fifth coin belongs to Al-alloy, having the least surface hardness, and it became harder for Cu–Ni alloy, Ni-brass alloy, and bronze alloy. The hardness of the surface is more for bronze sample twelve. It is also observed that the plasma temperature increases monotonically with the Brinell hardness number. This analysis provides valuable information on fabrication methodology and explains large diversification in the elementary composition of old coins.
Wear reliability and failure mechanism of inkjet-printed conductors on paperboard substrate
Authors: Fu Zhao , Tanninen Panu , Keskinen Jari , Lev Roman , Leminen Ville , Mäntysalo Matti 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this research, we conducted a wear test on inkjet-printed silver conductors using different loads and counter materials (two paperboards, brushed steel sheet, and sandpaper) with similar surface roughness values. The conductor’s reliability was characterized by resistance measurement, the failures and tested counter materials were analyzed using an optical microscope, profilometer, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive spectrometer. It was found that the counter material has a dominant impact on a conductor’s reliability and failure mechanism compared with load. The conductors were exceptionally reliable but subject to adhesive wear when tested by paperboards. They were also highly reliable when tested by brushed steel sheet although the silver became severely detached, and the conductivity was lost suddenly when a major scratch was caused by two-body and three-body abrasive wear mechanisms. Sandpaper rubbing caused the most severe silver detachment and quick loss of conductivity, as a large amount of small-size (5–15 µm) silicon carbide particles with sharp edges and corners caused a dense cutting effect via two-body abrasive wear (by cutting) mechanism. Additionally, the failures in almost all samples occurred in the areas in contact with the counter edges, suggesting that failure was accelerated by the edge effect. This study proves that inkjet-printed electronics on the investigated paperboard is exceptionally durable when rubbed by paperboards and steel sheets, and thus provides a reliable solution to intelligent packaging. To promote intelligent packaging, more paperboards, as well as approaches for reducing the edge effect can be investigated.
A brief introduction of electrode fabrication for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers
Authors: Lin Xinlong , Seow Justin Zhu Yeow , Xu Zhichuan J 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) is a major enabler of green hydrogen production. The development of water electrolyzers is a vital step in driving the progress of a hydrogen-based economy. The system inside the electrolyzer is a zero-gap cell featuring low ohmic resistance and boosted mass transport, leading to higher energy efficiency and minimized capital cost. Besides, utilizing PEM in the electrolyzer for sustainable hydrogen production enables the system to perform with many advantages, including superior energy efficiency, higher hydrogen purity, and high flexibility. Therefore, as PEM electrolyzers continue to evolve, sustainable hydrogen production on a larger scale will be realized in the near future. This review summarizes the status quo of PEM water electrolyzers in the past four years. We will start with a brief introduction of the core of a water electrolyzer, namely the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), which will be followed by an introduction of fabrication methods of MEA, including CCM methods, catalyst-coated electrode methods, and other innovative fabrication methods. Next, we will summarize recent attempts to modify electrodes and membranes in MEAs to promote the performance of PEMWE. Subsequently, catalyst development for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in MEA is discussed, highlighting novel HER/OER catalysts and strategies to reduce the content of noble metals. Lastly, conclusion and perspectives are provided to present a blueprint to inspire the future development of PEMWE.
Progression and transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma and B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia: Report from the 2021 SH/EAHP Workshop
Authors: Czader Magdalena , Amador Catalina , Cook James R , Thakkar Devang , Parker Clay , Dave Sandeep S , Dogan Ahmet , Duffield Amy S , Nejati Reza , Ott German , Xiao Wenbin , Wasik Mariusz , Goodlad John R 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Session 3 of the 2021 Workshop of the Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology examined progression and transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) and B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL).

Methods
Thirty-one cases were reviewed by the panel. Additional studies such as immunohistochemistry and molecular genetic testing, including whole-exome sequencing and expression profiling, were performed in select cases.

Results
Session 3 included 27 CLL/SLL cases and miscellaneous associated proliferations, 3 cases of B-PLL, and 1 case of small B-cell lymphoma. The criteria for ­accelerated CLL/SLL are established for lymph nodes, but extranodal disease can be diagnostically challenging. Richter transformation (RT) is a broad term and includes true transformation from original CLL/SLL clone(s) and clonally unrelated neoplasms. The morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic spectrum is diverse with classical and highly unusual examples. T-cell proliferations can also be encountered in CLL/SLL. B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia is a rare, diagnostically challenging disease due to its overlaps with other lymphoid neoplasms.

Conclusions
The workshop highlighted complexity of progression and transformation in CLL/SLL and B-PLL, as well as diagnostic caveats accompanying heterogeneous presentations of RT and other manifestations of disease progression. Molecular genetic studies are pivotal for diagnosis and determination of clonal relationship, and to predict response to treatment and identify resistance to targeted therapy.
ACDA: implementation of an augmented drug synergy prediction algorithm
Authors: Domanskyi Sergii , Jocoy Emily L , Srivastava Anuj , Bult Carol J 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Drug synergy prediction is approached with machine learning techniques using molecular and pharmacological data. The published Cancer Drug Atlas (CDA) predicts a synergy outcome in cell-line models from drug target information, gene mutations and the models’ monotherapy drug sensitivity. We observed low performance of the CDA, 0.339, measured by Pearson correlation of predicted versus measured sensitivity on DrugComb datasets.

Results
We augmented the approach CDA by applying a random forest regression and optimization via cross-validation hyper-parameter tuning and named it Augmented CDA (ACDA). We benchmarked the ACDA’s performance, which is 68% higher than that of the CDA when trained and validated on the same dataset spanning 10 tissues. We compared the performance of ACDA to one of the winning methods of the DREAM Drug Combination Prediction Challenge, the performance of which was lower than ACDA in 16 out of 19 cases. We further trained the ACDA on Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research PDX encyclopedia data and generated sensitivity predictions for PDX models. Finally, we developed a novel approach to visualize synergy-prediction data.

Availability and implementation
The source code is available at https://github.com/TheJacksonLaboratory/drug-synergy and the software package at PyPI.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Sources for Christian Bioethics: The Orthodox Discourse on Sin
Authors: Tarabrin Roman , Tarabrina Tatiana 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe article discusses ways of developing bioethical guidance in the Orthodox Christian discourse. Here, “ethical” refers to what contributes to holiness, “un-ethical” refers to sin as what hinders man’s foundational calling to holiness. To explore the development of guidance for emerging bioethical issues, we use the “therapeutic” understanding of treatment for sin in two senses. (1) It refers to the spiritual means provided by the “hospital” of the Orthodox Church for healing the fallenness of human nature in general; and (2) it helps identify in particular cases both what counts as transgression of unconditional boundaries (defining what is illicit for everyone) and what is advisable in order to help particular persons to choose rightly within the area of the “more or less licit” (or “permissible”). Sources of the Orthodox faith that frame the general understanding of the boundaries between the permissible and the impermissible reflect the work of the Holy Spirit in the Church framing her Sacred (Holy) Tradition. In Holy Tradition, prayers, as communion with God, occupy a central position. This is why Orthodox moral reasoning, and thus also Orthodox bioethics, takes the form of liturgical bioethics. Penalties of excommunication determine hard boundaries that believers should not overstep: when crossing such boundaries, they enter on a spiritually dangerous path that completely distracts them away from God. Many minor sins, by contrast, have not been codified in Canons. They are not taken to remove the sinner completely from contact with the Lord. Within this realm of actions, it depends on a person’s spiritual maturity whether such actions are classified as sinful. Thus, an act can be counted merely as a small offense if committed by a beginner, while that same act can become a grave sin for an advanced believer. Due to acceleration of the technological progress, Orthodox recourse to Holy Tradition encounters ever-new challenges. There are bioethical issues that had not surfaced at the time of the Fathers of the Church. Today, Bishops gathered at a local council can supply the guidance lacking on a newly emerging bioethical problem. Even if ratified only by such local councils, the resulting decrees can also be regarded as the expression of the Holy Spirit working within a local Church and conveying His guidance. The article illustrates this source of Christian bioethics by reference to how the Russian Orthodox Church orients and develops its position on the ethics of reproductive technologies.
Community Types of the Human Gut Virome are Associated with Endoscopic Outcome in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Jansen Daan , Falony Gwen , Vieira-Silva Sara , Simsek Ceren , Marcelis Tine , Caenepeel Clara , Machiels Kathleen , Raes Jeroen , Vermeire Séverine , Matthijnssens Jelle 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is a major debilitating disease. Recently, the gut microbiota has gained attention as an important factor involved in the pathophysiology of IBD. As a complement to the established bacterial ‘enterotypes’ associated with IBD, we focused here on viruses. We investigated the intestinal virome of IBD patients undergoing biological therapy for the presence of virome configurations associated with IBD, and to uncover how those configurations are associated with therapeutic success.

Methods
Viral-like particle enrichment followed by deep sequencing was performed on 432 faecal samples from 181 IBD patients starting biological therapy. Redundancy analysis and Dirichlet Multinomial Mixtures were applied to determine covariates of the virome composition and to condense the gut virota into ‘viral community types’, respectively.

Results
Patients were stratified based on unsupervised clustering into two viral community types. Community type CA showed a low α-diversity and a high relative abundance of Caudoviricetes [non-CrAss] phages and was associated with the dysbiotic Bact2-enterotype. Community type CrM showed a high α-diversity and a high relative abundance of Crassvirales and Malgrandaviricetes phages. During post-interventional analysis, endoscopic outcome was associated with gut virome composition. Remitting UC patients had a high percentage of community type CrM, a high Shannon diversity and a low lysogenic potential. Pre-interventional analyses also identified five novel phages associated with treatment success.

Conclusions
This study proposed two gut virome configurations that may be involved in the pathophysiology of IBD. Interestingly, those viral configurations are further associated with therapeutic success, suggesting a potential clinical relevance.
Larval performance and adult phenotypic variation of Acraea terpsicore (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) on congeneric Passiflora host plants
Authors: Phanthian Chitsanuphong , Chaisuekul Chatchawan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The introduction of exotic plants into different habitats can have varied consequences for local herbivorous insects, such as altered the nutrient profiles that induce the host plant shifting or reduced food availability by competition with native plants. Acraea terpsicore (Linnaeus, 1758), a common butterfly in Southeast Asia that uses Passiflora as a host plant, has been studied to compare larval performance and adult phenotypes on one local wild Passiflora plant, P. foetida and 3 exotic congeneric plants, P. edulis, a fruit crop plant, and P. x alata-caerulea and P. x coccinea-caerulea, both hybrid ornamental plants. Laboratory caterpillars that fed on P. edulis and P. x alata-caerulea died within 1–10 days, while caterpillars fed on P. foetida and P. x coccinea-caerulea completed their life cycle in 30.42 ± 0.25 days. Although the caterpillars differed in several food utilization indices, the relative growth rate and consumption index were not affected. Adult butterflies that hatched from caterpillars fed on these experimental plants had different phenotypes, especially wing colors. Therefore, although some congeneric exotic plants may have a negative impact on the butterfly population, some exotic plants can serve as alternative larval host plants and expand the ecological niche of butterflies. Difference in the composition and concentration of nutrients and defensive chemicals in each host plant may exert an impact on the phenotypic traits of butterflies, such as their body size, coloration, and wing shape. Whether butterflies may separate into different subpopulations in the future due to phenotypic variation should be further examined.