bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building and Characterization of an Affordable diOlistic Device for Single‐Cell Labeling in Rodent and Non‐Human Primate Brain Slices
Authors: Heffernan Kate S. , Galvan Adriana 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the brain, cell morphology often reflects function and thus provides a first glance into cell‐specific changes in health and disease. Studying the morphology of individual cells, including neurons and glia, is essential to fully understand brain connectivity and changes in disease states. Many recent morphological studies of brain cells have relied on transgenic animals and viral vectors to label individual cells. However, transgenic animals are not always available, and in non‐human primate (NHP) models, viral transduction poses several practical and financial challenges, limiting the number of researchers that can thoroughly investigate cell morphology in NHP or other non‐transgenic animals. The diOlistic system for delivering fluorescent lipophilic dye‐coated gold or tungsten particles into brain tissue has been used to label single cells, but the currently available systems are expensive, have limited applications, and are rare in laboratories. Investigations of cell morphology without transgenic or viral approaches rely on immunohistochemical markers that may not reveal structural detail, such as in astrocytes. To overcome these practical limitations to expand our understanding of cell morphology across species with an emphasis on astrocytes, we constructed a low‐cost ballistic method to deliver dye‐coated gold or tungsten particles into NHP and rodent brain slices. We have optimized the tissue processing parameters to achieve penetration of DiI‐coated particles, allowing for the complete reconstruction of individual cells within a brain slice. While we report on astrocytes in rodent and NHP brain slices, this protocol can be adapted and implemented across species and tissue types to evaluate cell morphology. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Building the diOlistic deviceBasic Protocol 2: Preparation of dye “bullet” carriersBasic Protocol 3: Perfusion, brain sectioning, and diOlistic labelingAlternate Protocol: Immunohistochemical labeling of sections prior to diOlistic bombardment
The epilepsy phenotype of ST3GAL3‐related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Whitney Robyn , Jain Puneet , RamachandranNair Rajesh , Jones Kevin C. , Kiani Hassan , Tarnopolsky Mark , Meaney Brandon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveST3GAL3‐related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE‐15) is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by intellectual disability, language and motor impairments, behavioral difficulties, stereotypies, and epilepsy. Only a few cases have been reported, and the epilepsy phenotype is not fully elucidated.MethodsA retrospective chart review of two siblings with ST3GAL3‐related DEE was completed. In addition, we reviewed all published cases of ST3GAL3‐related congenital disorder of glycosylation.ResultsTwo brothers presented with global developmental delay, motor and language impairment, hypotonia, and childhood‐onset seizures. Seizures started between 2.5 and 5 years and had tonic components. Both siblings had prolonged periods of seizure freedom on carbamazepine. Tremor was present in the younger sibling. Whole exome sequencing revealed two novel pathogenic variants in ST3GAL3, (a) c.302del, p.Phe102Serfs*34 and (b) c.781C>T, p.Arg261*, which were inherited in trans. Magnetic resonance imaging showed T2 hyperintensities and restricted diffusion in the brainstem and middle cerebellar peduncle in the older sibling, also described in two reported cases. A review of the literature revealed 24 cases of ST3GAL3‐related CDG. Twelve cases had information about seizures, and epilepsy was diagnosed in 8 (67%). The median age of seizure onset was 5.5 months. Epileptic spasms were most common (67%). Four children were diagnosed with Infantile Epileptic Spasms syndrome and Lennox Gastaut syndrome (57%). Most children (n = 6, 75%) had seizures despite anti‐seizure medication treatment.SignificanceSeizures related to ST3GAL3‐related DEE often occur in infancy and may present as epileptic spasms. However, seizure onset may also occur outside of infancy with mixed seizure types and show good response to treatment with prolonged seizure freedom. Tremor may also be uniquely observed in this condition.
Synthesis and pyrolysis of various novel pyrrole ester fragrance precursors
Authors: Li Pengyu , Tian Haiying , Han Lu , Li Huaiqi , Ji Yuhang , Yang Jinchu , Lai Miao , Chu Wenjuan , Ji Xiaoming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDue to the disadvantages of low fragrance threshold and high volatility of pyrrole monomer under high‐temperature process in tobacco or food, it cannot meet the market requirements. In order to develop pyrrole flavour precursors, 2,5‐dimethyl‐N‐pyrroleacetic acid was synthesized by the Paal–Knorr reaction using 2,5‐hexanedione and glycine as raw materials. Various pyrrole fragrance precursors such as 2‐ethyl‐4‐oxo‐4H‐pyran‐3‐yl 2‐(2,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)acetate (5a), 4‐formyl‐2‐methoxyphenyl 2‐(2,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)acetate (5b), pyridine‐2‐ylmethyl 2‐(2,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)acetate (5c) and thiophen‐2‐ylmethyl 2‐(2,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)acetate (5d) were synthesized by esterification from 2,5‐dimethyl‐N‐pyrroleacetic acid with ethyl maltol, vanillin, 2‐pyridinemethanol and 2‐thiophenemethanol, respectively. As part of the study, IR, NMR and HRMS were used to characterize the target compounds. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry‐olfactometer (GC–MS‐O), the pyrrole esters obtained were evaluated for the characteristics of their aromas. The thermal stability was analysed using thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In addition, the pyrolysis mechanism was speculated. With TG‐DTG results, the main mass loss phase of 5a occurred between 108°C and 450°C, with a dramatic mass loss reduction of 83.07%. At 118.60°C and 450°C, 5b showed a mass loss reduction of 60.80%. Furthermore, according to the Py‐GC/MS analysis results, compounds 5a and 5b formed 8 and 7 pyrolysis products. The main pyrolysis products of 5a and 5b were 1‐ethyl‐2,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrrole, ethyl maltol, and vanillin, which are all aroma components used to blend cigarette smoke, can slow down the rate at which aromas are lost and mask unpleasant smoke. Study results provide a reference for the tobacco industry to further develop new high‐temperature release aroma ingredients.
Translatome analysis reveals microglia and astrocytes to be distinct regulators of inflammation in the hyperacute and acute phases after stroke
Authors: Hernandez Victoria G. , Lechtenberg Kendra J. , Peterson Todd C. , Zhu Li , Lucas Tawaun A. , Bradshaw Karen P. , Owah Justice O. , Dorsey Alanna I. , Gentles Andrew J. , Buckwalter Marion S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNeuroinflammation is a hallmark of ischemic stroke, which is a leading cause of death and long‐term disability. Understanding the exact cellular signaling pathways that initiate and propagate neuroinflammation after stroke will be critical for developing immunomodulatory stroke therapies. In particular, the precise mechanisms of inflammatory signaling in the clinically relevant hyperacute period, hours after stroke, have not been elucidated. We used the RiboTag technique to obtain microglia and astrocyte‐derived mRNA transcripts in a hyperacute (4 h) and acute (3 days) period after stroke, as these two cell types are key modulators of acute neuroinflammation. Microglia initiated a rapid response to stroke at 4 h by adopting an inflammatory profile associated with the recruitment of immune cells. The hyperacute astrocyte profile was marked by stress response genes and transcription factors, such as Fos and Jun, involved in pro‐inflammatory pathways such as TNF‐α. By 3 days, microglia shift to a proliferative state and astrocytes strengthen their inflammatory response. The astrocyte pro‐inflammatory response at 3 days is partially driven by the upregulation of the transcription factors C/EBPβ, Spi1, and Rel, which comprise 25% of upregulated transcription factor‐target interactions. Surprisingly, few sex differences across all groups were observed. Expression and log2 fold data for all sequenced genes are available on a user‐friendly website for researchers to examine gene changes and generate hypotheses for stroke targets. Taken together, our data comprehensively describe the microglia and astrocyte‐specific translatome response in the hyperacute and acute period after stroke and identify pathways critical for initiating neuroinflammation.
Risk factors and outcomes of delirium in hospitalized older Ghanaians
Authors: Omuojine John‐Paul , Bello Toyin , Wemakor Stephen , Mante Priscilla Kolibea , Amponsah George Sedinam , Kusi‐Mensah Kwabena , Owusu‐Antwi Ruth , Sarfo Fred S. , Ohene Sammy , Ojagbemi Akin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesDelirium has been rarely studied in older West Africans. We sought to investigate its correlates and outcomes in hospitalized older Ghanaians.MethodsThis was a one‐month prospective observational study. Delirium prevalence was assessed within 24 h of admission using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). Incident delirium was determined with repeat CAM assessments on post‐admission days 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28, after censoring participants with prevalent delirium. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore risk factors. Estimates of adjusted hazard ratios for mortality were derived with the discrete time version of the Cox regression model for time invariant explanatory variables.ResultsAmong 483 participants, 250 (51.8%, 95% CI: 47.3–56.3) had prevalent delirium while 10 of the remaining 233 (4.3%, 95% CI: 2.1–7.8) developed incident delirium. Being older than 80 years (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2–3.6), having no formal education (OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.4–3.4), stroke (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1–3.0), infection (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2–3.0), and high Triage Early Warning Score (OR = 6.9, 95% CI: 2.5–19.0) predicted delirium. Delirium (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.0–3.3) and high TEWS (HR = 4.6 (95% CI: 1.7–12.7) at baseline predicted mortality. These factors also predicted longer hospital stay.ConclusionOver half of hospital‐treated older Ghanaians in the present study had delirium on the first day of admission. The syndrome prolonged hospitalisation and increased mortality risk. Future studies in West Africa may investigate the epidemiology of delirium in primary care and community settings.
Treatment approaches and outcomes of a head and neck lymphedema service at an Australian comprehensive cancer center
Authors: Venchiarutti Rebecca Louise , Templeton Sandra , Mathers Lara , Charters Emma , Clark Jonathan Robert 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients treated for head and neck cancer are at high risk of developing head and neck lymphedema (HNL). We describe outcomes of HNL management at an Australian institution from 2018 to 2020.MethodsElectronic records from Chris O'Brien Lifehouse were retrospectively reviewed from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020. Objective changes in HNL were assessed using The M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) HNL rating scale and Assessment of Lymphedema of the Head and Neck (ALOHA).ResultsAmong the 100 patients referred for management of HNL, surgery was the most frequent treatment modality (80%; 70% with neck dissection) and 69% underwent radiotherapy. Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) was most often prescribed (96%), followed by self‐MLD (93%). Small but significant improvements in ALOHA measurements were observed for 50 patients (50%). Only 5/29 (17%) patients had post‐treatment improvements on the MDACC scale.ConclusionsStandardized, prospective measurement of treatment approaches and outcomes is needed to further evaluate the service.
Evaluating the hemostatic effects of tranexamic acid in women with pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Okoye Helen C. , Othman Maha , Nwagha Theresa U. , Onwusulu Daniel N. , Onoh Robinson C. , Chigbu Chibuike O. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the hemostatic effects of tranexamic acid (TXA) ex vivo in women with pre‐eclampsia.MethodsThis was an ex vivo study involving 45 normal pregnant women and 45 women with pre‐eclampsia (nine with mild and 36 with severe features) matched for age, gestational age, and body mass index. Blood samples were collected and divided into two parts. The first served as the pre‐TXA sample, while the second was spiked with TXA and served as the post‐TXA sample. Plasma levels of D‐dimer and plasmin–antiplasmin complex (PAP) were determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsThe mean D‐dimer and PAP values in the pre‐TXA samples differed significantly between groups. Following spiking with TXA, the mean D‐dimer and PAP levels did not differ significantly in the pre‐TXA and post‐TXA samples (P = 0.560 and P = 0.500, respectively) in the pre‐eclampsia cohort. In normal pregnancy, the mean D‐dimer and PAP levels in the post‐TXA samples did not differ significantly (P = 0.070 and P = 0.050, respectively) from the pre‐TXA samples following TXA spiking.ConclusionTXA did not significantly affect D‐dimer and PAP levels in pre‐eclampsia, suggesting that TXA may not increase the thrombotic risks in patients with pre‐eclampsia.
Effectiveness of mHealth‐based educational interventions to improve self‐care during pregnancy: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial from northern India
Authors: Persis Jenefa , Kathirvel Soundappan , Chopra Seema , Singh Amarjeet 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo assess and compare the effectiveness of mHealth‐based educational interventions on improving pregnancy self‐care knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) and the satisfaction in using the interventions.MethodsWe conducted a three‐group, pragmatic, randomized controlled trial (July 2019–June 2020) among pregnant women (aged 20–45 years, gestation <20 weeks, and no pre‐existing diseases) attending the prenatal clinic of a tertiary care hospital in northern India. Participants were randomly assigned to three arms (Group 1, specially developed mobile application; Group 2, Whatsapp, and Group 3, Control—Standard of care) using block randomization. Blinding was not performed. The educational intervention (for Groups 1 and 2) included general details about pregnancy, self‐care preventive practices, and self‐management of minor illnesses during pregnancy. The control group received routine instructions delivered by the doctors as part of the standard of care. After 3 months, the post‐intervention KAP assessment and satisfaction with interventions/care received were carried out.ResultsOf the 150 pregnant women who participated (50 per group), 70 (46.6%) were graduates and 66 (44.0%) were primigravidas. Mean age was 28 years. Pregnant women in Groups 1 and 2 showed a statistically significant (P < 0.001) improvement in KAP on pregnancy self‐care compared with the control group post‐intervention. However, the same was insignificant (P > 0.05) between Groups 1 and 2. Participant satisfaction with the intervention was significantly high among Group 2 compared with the control group (P < 0.001).ConclusionmHealth‐based delivery of self‐care education effectively improved KAP among pregnant women. The effectiveness of mHealth‐based intervention must be assessed in primary healthcare settings before scaling up.Details of Trial RegistrationRegistered with Clinical Trial Registry India—CTRI/2019/10/021794 registered on October 29, 2019 (http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=37444&EncHid=&userName=CTRI/2019/10/021794).
The accuracy of haemoglobin A2 measurements in the presence and absence of haemoglobin S
Authors: Myburgh Jane K. , Szydlo Richard M. , Bain Barbara J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe quantification of haemoglobin A2 by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was compared with quantification by capillary electrophoresis for control subjects and patients with sickle cell trait or sickle cell anaemia. Significant differences were found, with estimated values being higher by HPLC for control subjects and higher by capillary electrophoresis for sickle cell trait and sickle cell anaemia patients. There is an ongoing need for improved standardisation and alignment of methods.
Estimating daily precipitation climatology by postprocessing high‐resolution reanalysis data
Authors: Du Yiliang , Wang Quan J. , Su Chun‐Hsu , Wu Wenyan , Yang Qichun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSpatial information of climatological frequency distribution of daily precipitation is highly valuable for a wide range of applications. Accurate estimation of climatology can be made for gauged locations where quality and lengthy observations are available. For ungauged or poorly gauged locations, however, indirect estimation is needed. One approach is to use a gridded daily precipitation dataset derived from interpolating observations. However, gridded daily precipitation data can be subject to large errors when gauge density is low. In addition, most interpolation methods tend to smooth the extreme values and increase the low ones, leading to unrealistic statistical properties and therefore poor estimation of daily climatology. Another approach is to first derive climatology at gauged locations and then interpolate climatology to ungauged locations. While this approach is likely to be more robust than the first approach, low gauge density can still cause significant errors especially in areas of complex terrain. In this study, we develop a method that postprocesses spatially consistent and rich reanalysis data using accurate observations at gauged locations. At an ungauged location, daily precipitation amounts from the reanalysis are bias‐corrected using quantile‐mapping guided by frequency distributions of reanalysis data and observations at a nearby gauged location (reference location). The bias‐corrected precipitation amounts are then used to estimate the climatology for the ungauged location. This method eliminates the need for interpolation and therefore its adverse effects. Special care is taken in quantile‐mapping when extrapolating beyond the range of reanalysis data at the reference location. We evaluate the method at 50 locations in Australia, using the Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric high‐resolution Regional Reanalysis for Australia (BARRA) and precipitation observation network across Australia. These locations are chosen to represent different climate regions in Australia and have observations to validate the postprocessed reanalysis climatology of daily precipitation. Results show that the postprocessed climatology is consistent with observations, in terms of frequency distribution, high quantiles, probabilities of wet and dry days and their transitions.
Apple polyphenol biotransformation using probiotics in vitro and dynamic simulated digestion by bionic rats
Authors: Zhao Ruixiang , Ran Junjian , Ruan Xiaoli , Du Hanxiao , Li Gang , Zhao Lili , Sun Junliang , Liang Xinhong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe present study investigated the effects of fermentation by Lactobacillus rhamnosus zrx01 (LR‐zrx01), Lactobacillus acidophilus zrx02 (LA‐zrx02), and Lactobacillus plantarum zrx03 (LP‐zrx03), as well as dynamic simulated digestion by bionic rats, on the biotransformation and antioxidant potential of apple polyphenols. Polyphenols were determined by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, the dynamic simulated digestion of fermented apple pulp was determined by bionic rats, and the antibacterial and antioxidant activities were analyzed.ResultsThe polyphenol content of apple pulp fermented using the three strains was respectively 1.41, 1.38, and 1.36 times that of non‐fermented pulp. The antibacterial activity of apple pulp improved dramatically after fermentation. Moreover, the antioxidant potential of apple pulp increased after fermentation and digestion. After dynamic simulated digestion by bionic rats, the polyphenol content in unfermented and the three fermented groups increased significantly by 1.19, 1.23, 1.20, and 1.19 times compared to that before digestion, respectively. The major polyphenols in each group with obvious changes were epicatechin, rutin, kaempferol, quercetin‐3 galactoside, p‐coumaric acid, and two unknown substances, 1 and 2.ConclusionFermented and digested apple polyphenols showed better biotransformation effects and mostly existed in the form of small molecules, which was conducive to the improvement of polyphenol bioavailability and beneficial to the absorption of active substances by the human body. These findings build a foundation for the development of functional food beverages. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Physicochemical properties of wooden breast‐extracted myosin and rheological properties of its heat‐induced gel
Authors: Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Kawasaki Takeshi , Yamada Michi , Hosotani Marina , Maeda Naoyuki , Watanabe Takafumi , Iwasaki Tomohito 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt is reported that broilers with ‘wooden breast’ have poor processing properties, such as low binding and water‐holding capacities. However, the reason for the poor functional characteristics has not been clarified. In this study, myosin was extracted from a wooden breast. Its physicochemical properties were investigated to clarify the relationship between the structure and physicochemical properties of the heating gel of myosin obtained from the wooden breast.RESULTSThe turbidity of myosin solution extracted from wooden breast increased with increase in the heat treatment to a higher value than that from the normal breast meat myosin. The solubility of myosin collected from a wooden breast after heating decreased like normal breast muscle myosin. The surface hydrophobicity of myosin removed from wooden breast increased continually above 60 °C, unlike the change in surface hydrophobicity of normal breast myosin. The free thiol group of myosin extracted from the wooden breast was higher than normal breast myosin before and after heating. The apparent elasticity of heat‐induced gels and chicken meat sausages was significantly lower in sausages and gel with wooden breast than normal ones (P < 0.05). The microstructure of the heated gel of normal myosin showed a fine network structure. In contrast, the heat‐induced gel of wooden breast‐extracted myosin showed a structure with loosely connected aggregates and many gaps.CONCLUSIONThe coarseness of the internal gel structure of myosin extracted from wooden breast was shown to affect the apparent elasticity of the gel and sausages made from the chicken meat. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.