bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Two Faces of Carbenium Ions: Intermolecular Trapping of Prochiral Carbocations with Stereocontrol
Authors: Wolff Benedikt , Oestreich Martin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCarbenium ions had been suspected and subsequently shown to be key intermediates of a large family of cationic transformations. An enormous body of work is dedicated to their characterization and various roles in reaction mechanisms, e. g. the SN1 reaction. Far less attention has been paid to their engagement in asymmetric synthesis and indeed, the differentiation of the diastereo‐ or even enantiotopic faces of structurally unbiased, non‐heteroatom‐stabilized carbenium ions is a daunting challenge. This Review summarizes the approaches taken to achieve the stereoselective addition of nucleophiles to these fleeting intermediates, including recent advances where non‐covalent interactions and chiral counterions are employed to discriminate either side of a trigonal‐planar carbenium ion bearing three different substituents.
Gender leadership in gynecologic oncology professional societies worldwide
Authors: Cohen Adiel , Alter Roie , Meyer Raanan , Guigue Paul‐Adrien , Levin Gabriel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aim to study gender representation among the different national gynecologic oncology (GO) societies' presidents over the past decade.MethodsA cross‐sectional study examining the period 2013–2022. The leadership positions in 11 GO societies in the USA (SGO), internationally (IGCS), Europe (ESGO), Australia (ASGO), Israel (ISGO), Japan (JSGO), Asia‐Oceania (AOGIN), India (INSGO), Latin America (SLAGO), South Africa (SASGO), and Turkey (TRSGO) was studied. The proportion of leadership positions held by women was calculated and trends were evaluated.ResultsOverall, the average rate of women's representation during the study period was 26.4%, and for the different organizations was: SASGO 70.0%, SGO 50.0%, ESGO 40.0%, ASGO 30.0%, INSGO 30.0%, and IGCS, ISGO, and SLAGO 20.0% each, TRSGO 10%, and no representation of women in JSGO and AOGIN. There was a significant decrease from 2013 to 2016 (63.6% to 9.1%) (P = 0.009) in women's representation as presidents of societies. From 2017 to 2022, there was no difference in women's representation (ranging from 9.1% to 36.4%) (P = 0.13).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that women are significantly under‐represented in leadership positions in GO professional societies; however, in South Africa and the USA their representation in the last decade was close to equality.
Next‐generation sequencing of baseline genetic mutations and outcomes of eltrombopag and azacitidine therapy in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and thrombocytopenia: Data from the SUPPORT clinical trial
Authors: Ramos Pedro Marques , Choi Jeea , Campbell Catarina D. , Wang Ying A. , Pallaud Celine , Dickinson Michael , Verma Amit , Mittelman Moshe , Platzbecker Uwe , Cherif Honar , Fenaux Pierre 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEltrombopag has been previously shown to be effective in reversing azacitidine‐mediated thrombocytopenia. This was further investigated in the SUPPORT trial, a phase III study assessing the efficacy/safety of eltrombopag plus azacitidine in patients with intermediate‐ to high‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes and thrombocytopenia. The results did not support a clinical benefit for the addition of eltrombopag to azacitidine. We investigated if the somatic mutational profiles in the patient cohort were associated with treatment outcomes. Based on the available data, we observed no imbalance in the mutational profiles between treatment arms or a clear association between identified somatic mutations and clinical outcomes.
The causal links between gut microbiota and COVID‐19: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Song Jukun , Wu Yadong , Yin Xinhai , Ma Hong , Zhang Junmei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSeveral studies have shown a possible correlation between gut microbiota and COVID‐19. However, the cause‐and‐effect relationship between the two has not been investigated. We conducted a two‐sample Mendelian randomization study (MR) study using publicly available GWAS data. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis was the main MR analysis technique and was supplemented with other sensitivity analyses. Forty‐two bacterial genera were associated with COVID‐19 susceptibility, hospitalization, and severity in the IVW method. Among these gut microbiota, five gut microbiota (genus unknowngenus [id.1000005472], family unknownfamily [id.1000005471], genus Tyzzerella3, order MollicutesRF9.id.11579, and phylum Actinobacteria) were significantly associated with COVID‐19 hospitalization and severity. Three gut microbiota (class Negativicutes, order Selenomonadales, and class Actinobacteria) were significantly associated with COVID‐19 hospitalization and susceptibility, while two microbiota (class Negativicutes and order Selenomonadales) were significantly associated with COVID‐19 hospitalization and severity, and susceptibility. Sensitivity analysis did not detect any heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. Our findings demonstrated that several microorganisms were causally linked to COVID‐19, and improved our understanding of the relationship between gut microbiota and COVID‐19 pathology.
Global entrepreneurship research and practice in the post‐pandemic world
Authors: Ratten Vanessa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSome people have forgotten the recent COVID‐19 pandemic, but for many, the memories are still vivid in terms of the effects of the health crisis on society. Globally, almost all parts of the world had significant changes made to their way of life due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, which included social and economic effects. Many countries closed their international borders for a long period of time, which had a profound influence on the degree of internationalization occurring within these regions. Owing to the need for social distancing, there were rapid changes to digital business practices and the resulting increased usage of online communication platforms. The aim of this editorial is to highlight how global entrepreneurship research and practice in the post‐COVID‐19 world have changed in terms of research and practitioner practices. This is important as we seek to progress society through positive interaction in the business environment. Suggestions for future managerial and academic practices regarding global entrepreneurship are stated.
LDLR promotes autophagy‐mediated cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer associated with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Lei , Sun Yu‐Hui , An Ran , Cheng Rong‐Jie , Li Nan , Zheng Jian‐Hua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAutophagy is one of the underlying causes of resistance to many antitumor drugs, including cisplatin (DDP). The low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is a regulator of ovarian cancer (OC) progression. However, whether LDLR regulates DDP resistance in OC via autophagy‐related pathways remains unclear. LDLR expression was measured by quantitative real‐time PCR, western blot (WB) and IHC staining. A Cell Counting Kit 8 assay was employed to evaluate DDP resistance and cell viability, and flow cytometry was used to assess apoptosis. WB analysis was employed to evaluate the expression of autophagy‐related proteins and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway proteins. The autophagolysosomes and the fluorescence intensity of LC3 were observed by transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. A xenograft tumor model was established to explore the role of LDLR in vivo. LDLR was highly expressed in OC cells, which was correlated with disease progression. In DDP‐resistant OC cells, high LDLR expression was related to DDP resistance and autophagy. Downregulation of LDLR repressed autophagy and growth in DDP‐resistant OC cell lines by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and these effects were eliminated by an mTOR inhibitor. In addition, LDLR knockdown also reduced OC tumor growth by suppressing autophagy associated with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. LDLR promoted autophagy‐mediated DDP resistance in OC associated with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, indicating that LDLR might be a new target to prevent DDP resistance in OC patients.
Scoping Review onADCY5‐Related Movement Disorders
Authors: Menon Poornima Jayadev , Nilles Christelle , Silveira‐Moriyama Laura , Yuan Ruiyi , de Gusmao Claudio M. , Münchau Alexander , Carecchio Miryam , Grossman Steve , Grossman Gay , Méneret Aurélie , Roze Emmanuel , Pringsheim Tamara 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundAdenylyl cyclase 5 (ADCY5)‐related movement disorder (ADCY5‐RMD) is a rare, childhood‐onset disease resulting from pathogenic variants in theADCY5gene. The clinical features, diagnostic options, natural history, and treatments for this disease are poorly characterized and have never been established through a structured approach.ObjectiveThis scoping review attempts to summarize all available clinical literature on ADCY5‐RMD.MethodsEighty‐seven articles were selected for inclusion in this scoping review. The majority of articles identified were case reports or case series.ResultsThese articles demonstrate that patients with ADCY5‐RMD suffer from permanent and/ or paroxysmal hyperkinetic movements. The paroxysmal episodes can be worsened by environmental triggers, in particular the sleep–wake transition phase in the early morning. Occurrence of nocturnal paroxysmal dyskinesias and perioral twitches are highly suggestive of the diagnosis when present. In the majority of patients intellectual capacity is preserved. ADCY5‐RMD is considered a non‐progressive disorder, with inter‐individual variations in evolution with aging. Somatic mosaicism, mode of inheritance and the location of the mutation within the protein can influence phenotype.ConclusionsThe current evidence for therapeutic options for ADCY5‐RMD is limited: caffeine, benzodiazepines and deep brain stimulation have been consistently reported to be useful in case reports and case series.
A face‐centred finite volume method for high‐contrast Stokes interface problems
Authors: Sevilla Ruben , Duretz Thibault 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA new face‐centred finite volume method (FCFV) for Stokes problems involving sharp interfaces is proposed. Two formulations, based on two strong forms of the Stokes problem, and using different mixed variables, are presented. Particular attention is paid to the symmetry of the resulting system of global equations, and a simple rewriting of the interface boundary condition is proposed to ensure that one of the formulations preserves the symmetry of the linear system that is usually lost when considering material interfaces. Four numerical examples are considered to test the implementation numerically by performing mesh convergence studies, in two and three dimensions. The examples account for discontinuous viscosity as well as the effect of surface tension. The results show that one of the formulations is less sensitive to the numerical stabilisation used in FCFV methods but does not preserve the symmetry of the global system, whereas the other formulation is more sensitive to the stabilisation, but preserves the symmetry of the resulting system of equations. The FCFV method appears as a promising alternative for the simulation of viscous flow involving internal boundaries on conformal meshes. The potential application of the FCFV method for the purpose of geodynamic modelling is discussed.
Interventions of choice for the prevention and treatment of suicidal behaviours: An umbrella review
Authors: Sufrate‐Sorzano Teresa , Santolalla‐Arnedo Iván , Garrote‐Cámara María Elena , Angulo‐Nalda Beatriz , Cotelo‐Sáenz Ruth , Pastells‐Peiró Roland , Bellon Filip , Blanco‐Blanco Joan , Juárez‐Vela Raúl , Molina‐Luque Fidel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThis umbrella review aims to determine which interventions can be considered as effective in the prevention and treatment of suicidal behaviour.DesignUmbrella review.MethodsA systematic search was conducted of works indexed in the PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge and Joanna Institute Briggs databases. The search covered works published from 2011 to 2020.ResultsThe scientific literature shows that, in addition to being the most prevalent interventions in use, dialectical and cognitive behavioural therapies are the most effective in the treatment and management of suicide attempts and suicidal ideation. It is shown that the prevention and treatment of suicidal behaviour requires multidisciplinary and comprehensive management. Among the interventions that stand out the most are the promotion of providing coping tools, work based on thought and behaviour, and behavioural, psychoanalytic and psychodynamic therapies for the management of emotions.
Mechanical characterization of additively manufactured polymer composites: A state‐of‐the‐art review and future scope
Authors: Darji Vishal , Singh Shamsher , Mali Harlal Singh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe additive manufacturing (AM) technology can manufacture complex parts with considerable improvements in lead times and lower material wastages. It has enabled technological advances across many domains, from space to medical devices. The polymer composites fabricated through AM have tremendous advantages over conventional polymers in terms of mechanical performance and are, therefore, better suited for producing functional parts and assemblies. However, AM of polymer composites still presents several technological obstacles that prevent their full commercial utilization. These challenges include limited combinations of matrix and reinforcements, a requirement for hardware modification of existing machines, and challenges in mechanical characterization. This article attempts to comprehensively review the fundamentals and features of contemporary additively manufactured polymer composites (AMPCs) and examines current cutting‐edge research and development. This review highlights the gaps in the mechanical characterization of polymer composites fabricated through various technologies like material extrusion, vat‐photopolymerization, binder jetting, material jetting, powder bed fusion, and sheet lamination. There is a need to fill the identified research gaps to make AMPCs more appealing for widespread industrial use for advanced applications.
Doping nanocellulose crystal with poly(vinyl alcohol) for water‐resistant composite fibers with enhanced mechanical and dyeing performances
Authors: Lu Xi , Dong Wentao , Gao Zhiwei , He Changyuan , Chen Sheng , Yang Qin , Gu Yingchun , Yan Bin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAcetalization has been commonly adopted to realize the improvement on the water resistance and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite fibers. However, acetalized PVA fibers only have a very low concentration of hydroxyl groups on the surface and thus have poor dyeing performance. In this case, hydroxyl‐rich nanocellulose (NC) offers a fascinating solution for improving the dyeing properties of PVA fibers. Herein, we developed NC/PVA composite fibers by wet spinning the aqueous mixture of NC and PVA followed with acetalization treatment. Compared with pure PVA fibers, NC/PVA composite fibers had a significant improvement of 36% and 53% in terms of tensile strength and elongation at break when the NC content was 10 wt%, respectively. More importantly, when the NC content reached 20 wt%, the K/S value of the composite fiber was approximately threefold greater in comparison to that of the PVA fiber, indicating that the dyeing performance of NC‐modified composite fibers was greatly improved. This work provides a simple and easy method to possess PVA fibers with excellent dyeing properties and mechanical properties, demonstrating the potential to realize the application of PVA fibers in more practical scenarios.
Multifunctional Iron‐Doped Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoregulator for Enhanced Tumor Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Ling Jing , Wang Bei‐Bei , Li Xia‐Nan , Zhang Rui , Pan Ling‐Feng , Zhang Han , Hu Ye‐Ting , Wang Shi‐Bo , Kong Xiang‐Dong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a promising method that uses endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) via Fenton reaction to kill tumor cells. However, the insufficient contents of H2O2 and the presence of glutathione (GSH) can significantly reduce the therapeutic effect of CDT. Herein, a multifunctional nanoregulator (3‐AT&MA@FHM) that combines Fe‐doped hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Fe‐doped hMSN, or FHM) with 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (3‐AT) and maleimide (MA) are developed to overcome these challenges. After endocytosis by tumor cells, FHM part of the nanoregulator degrades in a mildly acidic intracellular environment and releases Fe3+ for CDT. The subsequently released 3‐AT serves as a catalase inhibitor to promote the accumulation of H2O2, while MA acts as a GSH scavenger to decrease the GSH content in tumor cells. This multifunctional nanoplatform simultaneously regulates the contents of H2O2‐the substrate for Fenton reaction and GSH‐the main antioxidant, resulting in a significantly enhanced CDT effect. Moreover, organoids are used for safety and toxicity evaluation. The results of organoids experiments showed similar trends to those of cellular experiments, but MIO is more resistant to stress than cells. This study is expected to provide a novel idea for the design of highly efficient CDT nanosystems.
Role of social structure in establishment of an invasive large mammal after translocation
Authors: Clontz Lindsay M. , Yang Anni , Chinn Sarah M. , Pepin Kim M. , VerCauteren Kurt C. , Wittemyer George , Miller Ryan S. , Beasley James C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundData on the movement behavior of translocated wild pigs is needed to develop appropriate response strategies for containing and eliminating new source populations following translocation events. We conducted experimental trials to compare the home range establishment and space‐use metrics, including the number of days and distance traveled before becoming range residents, for wild pigs translocated with their social group and individually.ResultsWe found wild pigs translocated with their social group made less extensive movements away from the release location and established a stable home range ~5 days faster than those translocated individually. We also examined how habitat quality impacted the home range sizes of translocated wild pigs and found wild pigs maintained larger ranges in areas with higher proportion of low‐quality habitat.ConclusionCollectively, our findings suggest translocations of invasive wild pigs have a greater probability of establishing a viable population near the release site when habitat quality is high and when released with members of their social unit compared to individuals moved independent of their social group or to low‐quality habitat. However, all wild pigs translocated in our study made extensive movements from their release location, highlighting the potential for single translocation events of either individuals or groups to have far‐reaching consequences within a much broader landscape beyond the location where they are released. These results highlight the challenges associated with containing populations in areas where illegal introduction of wild pigs occurs, and the need for rapid response once releases are identified. © 2023 The Authors.Pest Management Sciencepublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Quality testing analysis of Ve‐degree based entropies by using benzene derivatives
Authors: Hui Zhi‐hao , Rauf Abdul , Naeem Muhammad , Aslam Adnan , Saleem Areesha Vania 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA topological index, also known as a connectedness index, is a numerical characteristic of chemical structure that is computed by using its molecular graph in theoretical chemistry. In quantitative structure‐activity relationships (QSARs), which relate a molecule's chemical structure to its physical and chemical properties, topological indices are employed. The graph entropies with topological indices were inspired by Shannon's entropy concept and became the information‐theoretic quantities for measuring the structural information of chemical graphs. The theory of graphs is useful in determining the relationship between specific properties of chemical structures using different graph entropy measures. Through these entropies, many physical and chemical characteristics, such as melting point, energy generation, Henry's Law, and molar mass of chemical compounds, can be calculated. For this, the quantitative structure‐property relationship (QSPR) models are designed using ve‐degree‐based entropies to examine some physical properties of benzene derivatives. For the computation of entropies, a Maple‐based program is developed. The QSPR study is performed using SPSS and linear regression techniques. In this work, we have observed that the redefined third Zagreb entropy, the Balaban entropy, and the Randic entropy are the best predictors. The physiochemical characteristics, namely Henry's Law and critical pressure, can be predicted by Randic entropy and Balaban entropy, respectively. The redefined third Zagreb entropy can predict four other properties: enthalpy, molar mass, ‐electronic energy, and molecular weight.
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis after lung transplantation: Two case reports and literature review
Authors: Kawana Shinichi , Miyoshi Kentaroh , Tanaka Shin , Sugimoto Seiichiro , Shimizu Dai , Matsubara Kei , Okazaki Mikio , Hattori Noboru , Toyooka Shinichi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) affecting transplanted lungs is not well recognized. Herein, we report two cases of PAP after lung transplantation (LTx). The first case was a 4‐year‐old boy with hereditary pulmonary fibrosis who underwent bilateral LTx and presented with respiratory distress on postoperative day (POD) 23. He was initially treated for acute rejection, died due to infection on POD 248, and was diagnosed with PAP at autopsy. The second case involved a 52‐year‐old man with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who underwent bilateral LTx. On POD 99, chest computed tomography revealed ground‐glass opacities. Bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy led to a diagnosis of PAP. Follow‐up with immunosuppression tapering resulted in clinical and radiological improvement. PAP after lung transplantation mimics common acute rejection; however, is potentially transient or resolved with tapering immunosuppression, as observed in the second case. Transplant physicians should be aware of this rare complication to avoid misconducting immunosuppressive management.
Whole‐body motion planning and control of a quadruped robot for challenging terrain
Authors: Lu Guanglin , Chen Teng , Rong Xuewen , Zhang Guoteng , Bi Jian , Cao Jingxuan , Jiang Han , Li Yibin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractQuadruped robots working in jungles, mountains or factories should be able to move through challenging scenarios. In this paper, we present a control framework for quadruped robots walking over rough terrain. The planner plans the trajectory of the robot's center of gravity by using the normalized energy stability criterion, which ensures that the robot is in the most stable state. A contact detection algorithm based on the probabilistic contact model is presented, which implements event‐based state switching of the quadruped robot legs. And an on‐line detection of contact force based on generalized momentum is also showed, which improves the accuracy of proprioceptive force estimation. A controller combining whole body control and virtual model control is proposed to achieve precise trajectory tracking and active compliance with environment interaction. Without any knowledge of the environment, the experiments of the quadruped robot SDUQuad‐144 climbs over significant obstacles such as 38 cm high steps and 22.5 cm high stairs are designed to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.