ANATOMICAL PATTERN COURSE OF MANDIBULAR CANAL AND ITS FORAMINA LOCATION ON SAMPLE OF YEMENI PATIENTS USING CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Alkohlani Fahim Haza'a Ali Abdo Saif , Alhadi Yahya Abdullah Ahmed , Alasbahi Abeer Abdulmoula , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab 
Published: March 2023

Background and aim: Failure of inferior dental anesthesia, increased sensorineural disturbances, and postoperative bleeding in the mandibular canal region has amplified the demand for preoperative planning and appropriate evaluation to prevent these complications. The aim of the study was to reveal the locations and anatomical course pattern of the mandibular canal, as well as the cross-sectional diameter and positions of the mandibular and mental foramina, between a sample of Yemeni patients.
Material and methods: A retrospective descriptive cross sectional study was performed to evaluate 165 CBCT images taken from the archives of Diagnostic Radiology Centers in Sana'a City, using EZ3D plus software. Data were retrieved from February 2017 to January 2021. Recorded data were collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed by SPSS (version 24).
Results: The mean diameter of the mandibular foramen vertical and horizontal were measured to be 4.15±0.84 mm and 3.46±0.71 mm, respectively. The mandibular foramen was located approximately 2.87 mm above the midpoint of vertical ramus and 3.0 mm behind the midpoint horizontally. The mean diameters of the vertical and horizontal mental foramen were measured to be 3.46±0.78 mm, 3.54±1.5 mm, respectively. The mental foramen was located approximately in the middle of the mandibular body vertically. The most common anteroposterior position for the mental foramen was A (HP3) between the first and second premolars of the mandible (50.6%). The most common superior- inferior position for the mental foramen was (VP3) below the level of the root apices of the first and second mandibular premolars (62.2%). The inferio-superior position of the mandibular canal showed that the superior measurements ranged from 12.3-14.4 mm.
Conclusion: This CBCT study reveals differences in the position of the mandibular canal course and the location of the mandibular and mental foramina among Yemeni patients. Therefore, careful evaluation and planning using cone-beam CT before any surgical intervention in the mandibular canal area is highly recommended to avoid unwanted complications among Yemeni patients.

Peer Review History:
Received: 20 December 2022; Revised: 24 January 2023; Accepted: 5 March 2023, Available online: 15 March 2023
Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, gorkemdulger@yandex.com
Received file: Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, ahsndkyc@gmail.com
Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Princess Nourah bint abdulrahman university, Riyadh, amalbgadley@pnu.edu.sa
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