bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study on Ascorbic Acid Concentration, Total Phenol, and Flavonoid Content in Citrus Species Grown in a Different Region of Western Nepal
Authors: Gurung Roshani , Baral Sabina , Parajuli Santosh , Dhami Dhana , Ghimire Sushila 
Published: December 2022

Different genetic and environmental factors like altitude, temperature, light radiation, etc. affect the production of phytoconstituents like ascorbic acid, phenol, flavonoid, tannin, etc. So, it is necessary to evaluate phytoconstituents quantitatively and qualitatively because of their different medicinal values. This study is aimed at evaluating and comparing ascorbic acid concentration, total phenol, and flavonoid content in citrus species grown in different places in Western Nepal. For this, fruit collected from Lamjung and Nawalparasi was peeled, and collected juice was extracted with ethanol. Ascorbic acid was estimated using titration with dichlorophenolindophenol dye, and total phenol was estimated using Folin reagent; whereas, flavonoid content was determined by aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. The result showed the maximum ascorbic acid concentration in the fruit juice of Citrus maxima collected from Lamjung, i.e.,

2.98
±
0.161

mg
/
100

ml

, and the least concentration was recorded on extract of Citrus limon collected from Nawalparasi, i.e.,

1.005
±
0.205

mg
/
100

ml

. The total phenol content was comparatively higher in Citrus maxima and Citrus aurantifolia collected from Lamjung, i.e.,

12.48
±
0.40

mg

GAE/gm, respectively. Flavonoid content was comparatively higher in Citrus maxima collected from Nawalparasi, i.e.,

484.466
±
3.055

mg

QE/gm. This study showed a variation in the concentration of chemical constituents between different places in Western Nepal. This might be due to differences in climatic conditions, environmental factors, altitude, temperature, etc. This study helps to reflect the best-suited altitude for commercial cultivation of the citrus species as these phytochemicals have different medicinal values. Also, this study can help the food industry to use an alternative source of synthetic antioxidant such as ascorbic acid, phenol, and flavonoid. And local people will economically benefit by the commercial cultivation of citrus fruits.
Multiparametric Strategy to Predict Early Disease Decompensation in Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Regurgitation
Authors: Kočková Radka , Línková Hana , Hlubocká Zuzana , Mědílek Karel , Tuna Martin , Vojáček Jan , Skalský Ivo , Černý Štěpán , Malý Jiří , Hlubocký Jaroslav , Mizukami Takuya , De Colle Cristina , Pěnička Martin 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Use of the current echocardiography-based indications for aortic regurgitation (AR) surgery might result in late valve replacement at the stage of irreversible myocardial damage. Therefore, we aimed to identify simple models combining multiple echocardiography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–derived indices and natriuretic peptides (BNP [brain natriuretic peptide] or NT-proBNP [N-terminnal pro-B type natriuretic peptide]) to predict early disease decompensation in asymptomatic severe AR.

Methods:
This prospective and multicenter study included asymptomatic patients with severe AR, preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (>50%), and sinus rhythm. The echocardiography and MRI images were analyzed centrally in the CoreLab. The study end point was the onset of indication for aortic valve surgery as per current guidelines.

Results:

The derivative cohort consisted of 127 asymptomatic patients (age 45±14 years, 84% males) with 41 (32%) end points during a median follow-up of 1375 (interquartile range, 1041–1783) days. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, age, BNP, 3-dimensional vena contracta area, MRI left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, regurgitant volume, and a fraction were identified as independent predictors of end point (all
P
<0.05). However, a combined model including one parameter of AR assessment (MRI regurgitant volume or regurgitant fraction or 3-dimensional vena contracta area), 1 parameter of left ventricular remodeling (MRI left ventricular end-diastolic volume index or echocardiography 2-dimensional global longitudinal strain or E wave), and BNP showed significantly higher predictive accuracy (area under the curve, 0.74–0.81) than any parameter alone (area under the curve, 0.61–0.72). These findings were confirmed in the validation cohort (n=100 patients, 38 end points).

Conclusions:
In asymptomatic severe AR, multimodality and multiparametric model combining 2 imaging indices with natriuretic peptides, showed high accuracy to identify early disease decompensation. Further prospective studies are warranted to explore the clinical benefit of implementing these models to guide patient management.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02910349
Coronary Wave Intensity Analysis as an Invasive and Vessel-Specific Index of Myocardial Viability
Authors: Ryan Matthew , De Silva Kalpa , Morgan Holly , O’Gallagher Kevin , Demir Ozan M. , Rahman Haseeb , Ellis Howard , Dancy Luke , Sado Daniel , Strange Julian , Melikian Narbeh , Marber Michael , Shah Ajay M. , Chiribiri Amedeo , Perera Divaka 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Coronary angiography and viability testing are the cornerstones of diagnosing and managing ischemic cardiomyopathy. At present, no single test serves both needs. Coronary wave intensity analysis interrogates both contractility and microvascular physiology of the subtended myocardium and therefore has the potential to fulfil the goal of completely assessing coronary physiology and myocardial viability in a single procedure. We hypothesized that coronary wave intensity analysis measured during coronary angiography would predict viability with a similar accuracy to late-gadolinium–enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods:
Patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% and extensive coronary disease were enrolled. Coronary wave intensity analysis was assessed during cardiac catheterization at rest, during adenosine-induced hyperemia, and during low-dose dobutamine stress using a dual pressure-Doppler sensing coronary guidewire. Scar burden was assessed with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Regional left ventricular function was assessed at baseline and 6-month follow-up after optimization of medical-therapy±revascularization, using transthoracic echocardiography. The primary outcome was myocardial viability, determined by the retrospective observation of functional recovery.

Results:

Forty participants underwent baseline physiology, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and echocardiography, and 30 had echocardiography at 6 months; 21/42 territories were viable on follow-up echocardiography. Resting backward compression wave energy was significantly greater in viable than in nonviable territories (−5240±3772 versus −1873±1605 W m
−2
s
−1
,
P
<0.001), and had comparable accuracy to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for predicting viability (area under the curve 0.812 versus 0.757,
P
=0.649); a threshold of −2500 W m
−2
s
−1
had 86% sensitivity and 76% specificity.

Conclusions:
Backward compression wave energy has accuracy similar to that of late-gadolinium–enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the prediction of viability. Coronary wave intensity analysis has the potential to streamline the management of ischemic cardiomyopathy, in a manner analogous to the effect of fractional flow reserve on the management of stable angina.
Return-to-Manual Performance can be Predicted Before Automation Fails
Authors: Griffiths Natalie , Bowden Vanessa , Wee Serena , Loft Shayne 
Published: December 2022

Objective This study aimed to examine operator state variables (workload, fatigue, and trust in automation) that may predict return-to-manual (RTM) performance when automation fails in simulated air traffic control. Background Prior research has largely focused on triggering adaptive automation based on reactive indicators of performance degradation or operator strain. A more direct and effective approach may be to proactively engage/disengage automation based on predicted operator RTM performance (conflict detection accuracy and response time), which requires analyses of within-person effects. Method Participants accepted and handed-off aircraft from their sector and were assisted by imperfect conflict detection/resolution automation. To avoid aircraft conflicts, participants were required to intervene when automation failed to detect a conflict. Participants periodically rated their workload, fatigue and trust in automation. Results For participants with the same or higher average trust than the sample average, an increase in their trust (relative to their own average) slowed their subsequent RTM response time. For participants with lower average fatigue than the sample average, an increase in their fatigue (relative to own average) improved their subsequent RTM response time. There was no effect of workload on RTM performance. Conclusions RTM performance degraded as trust in automation increased relative to participants’ own average, but only for individuals with average or high levels of trust. Applications Study outcomes indicate a potential for future adaptive automation systems to detect vulnerable operator states in order to predict subsequent RTM performance decrements.
Foreign Direct Investment, Institutional Quality and Sustainability: Cross-country Analysis Using Different Estimators
Authors: Krishnankutty Raveesh , M C Minimol , Tiwari Aviral Kumar 
Published: December 2022

This article analyses the impact of institutional quality and sustainability on FDI. To achieve the objective, the study utilises data from 189 countries for 19 years, from 1996 to 2017. For estimation, the study uses several approaches such as pooled panel least squares with fixed and random effect models, generalised method of moments and panel quantile regression. The study finds that FDI and institutional quality steers the sustainability of the participating countries, primarily by creating and maintaining a conducive environment for investment and trade. We also confirmed that institutional quality variables can predict the FDI inflow across the countries. This is the first study in our knowledge that adopts different estimations and thereby ensures the robustness of the research findings. Moreover, our study is unique by including a new variable, i.e., the environmental performance index, to understand the sustainability aspects of FDI and the institutional quality. JEL Codes: Q56, C33, G28, E02, E22, F21
Association of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors with Exclusive Smokeless Tobacco Use among US Males: Cross-Sectional Analysis of NHANES Data 2003-2018
Authors: Mushtaq Nasir , Sarwar Zoona , Kouplen Kate , Ahmed Rizwan , Beebe Laura A. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose To evaluate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among smokeless tobacco (ST) users. Exclusive ST users were compared to exclusive cigarette smokers and non-tobacco users. Design Cross-sectional study Sample Data were used from 16,336 adult males who participated in one of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 2003 to 2018. Measures Biochemically verified tobacco use, CVD risk factors (hypertension, cholesterol levels, BMI categories), physical activity, cotinine concentration, and sociodemographic variables. Analysis Weighted analysis of the aggregate data was performed. ST users were compared with cigarette smokers and nontobacco users for their association with CVD risk factors. Associations were examined using univariate and multiple logistic regression with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) reported. Results Prevalence of exclusive ST use was 4.4% whereas, exclusive smoking was 22.2%. Among ST users, 36.2% were hypertensive, 24.5% had high cholesterol levels, and most of them were overweight (31.1%) or obese (52.6%). ST users were more likely to have hypertension compared to smokers (aOR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.12, 1.95) and nontobacco users (aOR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.09, 1.83) adjusted for other covariates. ST users were twice more likely to be obese than nontobacco users (aOR = 2.18, 95%CI: 1.52, 3.11). ST users had significantly higher cotinine concentration than smokers. Conclusion Study findings indicate substantial association of ST use among males with hypertension and obesity which are independent risk factors of CVD.
Diagnostic Value and Clinical Application of Nasal Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Subjects with Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Abdullah Alwi Aishah Harizah , Zahedi Farah Dayana , Husain Salina , Wan Hamizan Aneeza Khairiyah , Abdullah Baharudin 
Published: December 2022

Purpose Nitric oxide (NO) is a potential marker in the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment for the management of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). The study aimed to determine the value of nasal fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in the diagnosis and treatment response of AR patients. Methods The participants were divided into control and allergic rhinitis groups based on the clinical symptoms and skin prick tests. The AR group was treated with intranasal corticosteroid after the diagnosis. The nasal fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) levels were compared between control and AR groups. In the AR group, the visual analogue scale (VAS), Nasal Obstruction Symptoms Evaluation (NOSE) questionnaire, and nasal fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were assessed pre- and post-treatment. Results One hundred ten adults were enrolled. The nasal FeNO level was significantly higher in AR compared to control ( p < 0.001). Both the subjective (VAS and NOSE), both ( p  < 0.01) and objective (nasal FeNO, p < 0.001) assessments showed significant different pre- and post-treatment. The threshold level of nasal FeNO in the diagnosis of AR was 390.0 ppb (sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 80%) based on the receiver operator characteristic curve. Conclusion Nasal FeNO level is significantly higher in AR compared to control group with significant difference pre- and post-treatment. The findings suggest nasal FeNO can serve as an adjunct diagnostic tool together with the monitoring of treatment response in AR.
MPFL Reconstruction With a Double-Loop Gracilis: The Concept of “Favorable Anisometry”
Authors: Deroche Etienne , Erasmus Pieter , Roberts Cecilia 
Published: December 2022

Background: Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction has shown very good results in patella dislocation and patient satisfaction. However, correct positioning and tensioning of the graft can be difficult to achieve and can lead to complications. Indications: Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction is always indicated for recurrent patellar instability with dislocation in extension, with or without other procedures that aim to correct predisposing factors of instability. Technique Description: An arthroscopic examination is first done to assess chondral lesions. The gracilis tendon is detached from the tibia and prepared to pass through 3-mm drill holes. The medial edge of the patella is exposed, and two 3-mm drill holes are made. Dissection is performed with a scissors between the second and third layers toward the medial epicondyle, where a small skin incision is made. A guidewire is placed just anterior and distal to the adductor tubercle. A suture is used to test the isometry of the femoral drill hole. If correct tension or “favorable anisometry” is achieved, a 5-mm bone anchor is placed. The graft is looped and pulled into the femoral hole with sliding sutures. The 2 free ends of the graft are pulled through the patellar drill holes and looped back onto themselves. The graft is tensioned with the knee in maximum extension while pulling the patella proximally with a bone hook as hard as possible in the direction of the femoral shaft. The principle is that with maximum quads contraction, the tension in the patella tendon should be more than in the reconstructed MPFL. Results: Immediate full range of motion, intensive isomeric quads contraction exercises, and full weight-bearing with crutches for 2 to 4 weeks are recommended. Sport can be resumed after 3 months, but it usually takes 6 months to play at the same level as before. Discussion/Conclusion: The technique of “favorable anisometry” of the MPFL has shown a very low rate of recurrence of patella dislocation. Complications are rare and extensor lag is very uncommon, thanks to the specificity of tensioning the graft. The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Inferring regulatory element landscapes and gene regulatory networks from integrated analysis in eight hulless barley varieties under abiotic stress
Authors: Xu Qijun , Huang Shunmou , Guo Ganggang , Yang Chunbao , Wang Mu , Zeng Xingquan , Wang Yulin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The cis-regulatory element became increasingly important for resistance breeding. There were many DNA variations identified by resequencing. To investigate the links between the DNA variations and cis-regulatory element was the fundamental work. DNA variations in cis-regulatory elements caused phenotype variations in general.

Results
We used WGBS, ChIP-seq and RNA-seq technology to decipher the regulatory element landscape from eight hulless barley varieties under four kinds of abiotic stresses. We discovered 231,440 lowly methylated regions (LMRs) from the methylome data of eight varieties. The LMRs mainly distributed in the intergenic regions. A total of 97,909 enhancer-gene pairs were identified from the correlation analysis between methylation degree and expression level. A lot of enriched motifs were recognized from the tolerant-specific LMRs. The key transcription factors were screened out and the transcription factor regulatory network was inferred from the enhancer-gene pairs data for drought stress. The NAC transcription factor was predicted to target to TCP, bHLH, bZIP transcription factor genes. We concluded that the H3K27me3 modification regions overlapped with the LMRs more than the H3K4me3. The variation of single nucleotide polymorphism was more abundant in LMRs than the remain regions of the genome.

Conclusions
Epigenetic regulation is an important mechanism for organisms to adapt to complex environments. Through the study of DNA methylation and histone modification, we found that many changes had taken place in enhancers and transcription factors in the abiotic stress of hulless barley. For example, transcription factors including NAC may play an important role. This enriched the molecular basis of highland barley stress response.
The primary care COVID-19 integrated pathway: a rapid response to health and social impacts of COVID-19
Authors: Aghajafari Fariba , Hansen Brian , McBrien Kerry , Leslie Myles , Chiew Alexandra , Ward Rick , Li Bing , Hu Jia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The first wave of COVID-19 in Calgary, Alberta accelerated the integration of primary care with the province’s centrally managed health system. This integration aimed to deliver wraparound in-community patient care through two interventions that combined to create the COVID-19 Integrated Pathway (CIP). The CIP’s interventions were: 1) a data sharing platform that ensured COVID-19 test results were directly available to family physicians (FPs), and 2) a clinical algorithm that supported FPs in delivering in-community follow up to improve patient outcomes. We describe the CIP function and its capacity to facilitate FP follow-up with COVID-19 patients and evaluate its impact on Emergency Department (ED) visits and hospitalization.

Method
We generated descriptive statistics by analyzing data from a Calgary Zone hub clinic called the Calgary COVID-19 Care Clinic (C4), provincially maintained records of hospitalization, ED visits, and physician claims.

Results
Between Apr. 16 and Sep. 27, 2020, 7289 patients were referred by the Calgary Public Health team to the C4 clinic. Of those, 48.6% were female, the median age was 37.4 y. 97% of patients had at least one visit with a healthcare professional, where follow-up was conducted using the CIP’s algorithm. 5.1% of patients visited an ED and 1.9% were hospitalized within 30 days of diagnosis. 75% of patients had a median of 4 visits with their FP.

Discussion
Our data suggest that information exchange between Primary Care (PC) and central systems facilitates primary care-based management of patients with COVID-19 in the community and has potential to reduce acute care visits.
Health among workers retiring after the state pension age: a longitudinal and comparative study
Authors: Baumann Isabel , Froidevaux Ariane , Cabib Ignacio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
In recent decades, many countries have observed increasing labor force participation beyond the state pension age (SPA). However, there is a lack of research on employment beyond SPA and how it relates to older workers’ health. Moreover, there is a need to better understand how institutional factors affect the relationship between older workers’ employment and health. In this study, we examine simultaneous employment and health trajectories over 11 years in 12 countries from Europe and the Americas, and study how these trajectories differ by welfare state regime and level of old-age pension redistribution.

Methods
We used a harmonized pooled-country dataset of 3699 older workers based on four representative panel surveys: the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS), and the Chilean Social Protection Survey (EPS). We conducted multichannel sequence analysis to estimate the types of simultaneous employment–health trajectories, and multinomial regression analysis to examine the relationship between trajectory types and institutional factors.

Results
We found that late retirement was equally associated with poor and good health. There is also a higher prevalence of late retirement trajectories in combination with poor health in liberal welfare regimes and in countries with lower levels of old-age pension redistribution.

Conclusion
Our study indicates that nonliberal welfare regimes and redistributive old-age pension policies may be better suited to protect vulnerable workers while providing those in good health with the opportunity to work beyond the SPA.