bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Synthesis of Indolin‐2,3‐Acetonide Derivatives as Indoxyl Precursors and Protected Compounds of Indoles
Authors: Tsubogo Tetsu , Furube Tatsuya , Sato Karen , Yamada Koji 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA one‐pot method for the synthesis of the indoxyl derivatives starting from protected indole via indolin‐2,3‐acetonide derivatives as indoxyl precursors is described. The indolin‐2,3‐acetonide derivatives are easy to handle, bench stable, and work as the indolin‐2,3‐diol surrogates. Substitution of the benzene ring of the indolin‐2,3‐acetonide derivatives to give bromo‐, iodo‐, cyano‐, aryl‐, and carbonyl‐derivatives is also described. The indolin‐2,3‐acetonide derivatives can be transformed into the indoxyl derivatives by acid hydrolysis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the modified indolin‐2,3‐acetonide derivatives can act as protected indole compounds because they can be converted into the parent indoles either via the indoxyl derivatives or by the direct reduction.
Organic Spacers Modulated Low Dose X‐Ray Detection in Hybrid Halide 2D Perovskites: Unveiling Exciton Dynamics
Authors: Choudhary Shivani , Ghosh Joydip , Pathak Shantanu , Saini Saurabh K. , Tailor Naveen Kumar , Sellin Paul , Bhattacharya Saswata , Satapathi Soumitra 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this study, we investigate how modulating organic spacers in perovskites influences their X‐ray detection performance and reveal the mechanism of low‐dose detection with high sensitivity using femtosecond‐transient absorption spectroscopy (fs‐TAS). Particularly, we employ N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethyl‐1,4‐phenylenediammonium (TMPDA) and N,N‐dimethylphenylene‐p‐diammonium (DPDA) as organic spacers to synthesize 2D perovskite single crystals (SCs). We find that DPDA‐based SCs exhibit reduced interplanar spacing between inorganic layers, leading to increased lattice packing. Density functional theory (DFT) results indicate the reduced effective mass and lower lattice distortion in (DPDA)PbBr4 suppressing the formation of self‐trapped exciton (STEs) and electron‐phonon coupling and enhancing carrier delocalization in these SCs. Further, X‐ray detection measurements reveal that (DPDA)PbBr4 demonstrates higher sensitivity than (TMPDA)PbBr4, attributed to its enhanced carrier delocalization, and higher mobility‐lifetime product. The limit of detection (LoD) for (DPDA)PbBr4 is determined to be 13 nGy/s, significantly lower than both commercial detectors and state‐of‐the‐art perovskite‐based X‐ray detectors. Furthermore, fs‐TAS study reveals that (DPDA)PbBr4 crystals exhibit prolonged hot STE cooling and decay lifetimes, which directly correlate with their higher sensitivity. This study highlights the impact of organic spacers on X‐ray detection performance, providing a framework for designing ultra‐low LoD detectors essential for health and security applications.
‘The end user takes the final decision’
Authors: Aal Erik B. W. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWhile social sciences are brimming with attention for the transformations brought about by AI and digital technology, the aspect of communication has received remarkably little attention. Niklas Luhmann's social system theory, which conceives social systems as constituted through ongoing communication, is particularly well equipped to make a relevant contribution. This paper investigates the Impact of AI on organisations as systems of decision‐communications, along the lines of four distinctions: decision premise–decision, system memory–environment, organisation system–interaction system and structural coupling–loose coupling. The deployment of AI is a reaction to the growing societal differentiation and the resulting future‐related contingency, and as such contributes to the viability of organisations as systems. Nevertheless, social systems theory explains how certain impacts of AI we witness, some of them potentially harmful to the viability of the organisation, are neither incidental nor temporal but are structurally related to the basic operations of organisations. A proposal is made how reflection loops can be introduced to counter some of these consequences.
Analytical Technique Advances for Recently Approved Fixed‐Dose Combination of Dapagliflozin and Teneligliptin Hydrobromide Hydrate
Authors: Acharya Himani , Kotadiya Rajendra 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMost people with diabetes mellitus type 2 require more than one antihyperglycemic medication to achieve glycemic control. Products comprising one or more active components are utilized for certain indications. Several benefits, including impending therapeutic efficacy, fewer adverse drug effects, pharmacokinetic advantages, and a reduction in the dose of individual medications, justify their acceptance. To treat type 2 diabetic mellitus, a fixed‐dose tablet containing Teneligliptin (20 mg) and Dapagliflozin (DAPA) (10 or 5 mg) has recently been approved for phase III clinical trials. This review gathered and summarized the information on the stated analytical methods and physicochemical and biological characteristics of the fixed‐dose tablet formulations. The writers reviewed several credible scientific journals to achieve their goals and offered streamlined material. The published methods for Teneligliptin and DAPA include spectroscopy (42.8% and 20.7%), high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) (11.4% and 9.4%), high performance liquid chromatography (37.1% and 47.1%), and hyphenated techniques (8.5% and 22.6%). The recently authorized fixed‐dose formulation would benefit from the analysts' use of such comprehensive data in their analytical methodology.
Enacting Colonial and Neoliberal Governmentalities through American ELT Programs in Pakistan
Authors: Shah Waqar Ali 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSeveral scholars have examined the increasing influence of neoliberalism in TESOL/ELT, including pedagogy, curricula, and policy discourses. These neoliberal rationalities are, however, not detached from coloniality in Global Southern countries. Taking Pakistan as a case study, the present study examines how neoliberal subjectivities intersect with colonial logics in US‐funded ELT programs in Pakistan. Since the 9/11 attacks, these programs have been implemented in many Muslim and South Asian countries, including Pakistan in an attempt to secularize as well as de‐radicalize their academic and social spaces. Two data sources were used in this study: (a) online teaching materials and (b) local teachers' perspectives gathered through open‐ended Google survey and semi‐structured interviews. The study draws on neoliberal and colonial governmentalities as theoretical lens to suggest how the US‐financed ELT programs for students from humble backgrounds attempt to fabricate entrepreneurial “selves” through discourses of linguistic entrepreneurship and instrumentalism in addition to propagating American linguistic imperialism and a cognitive as well as aesthetic feudalism. It appears that these governmentalities are in conflict with the local cultural, religious, and linguistic resources of the teachers and learners. Thus, this study joins decolonial discourse in order to crumble the colonial wall built around the abyssal thinking surrounding the nexus of neoliberalism and coloniality. The abyssal thinking in ELT has implications for several contexts, where these U.S.‐sponsored programs are implemented as they tend to silence, exclude, and peripheralize diverse pedagogical and cultural resources as well as subaltern epistemologies.
Asymptotic Dynamics of Generalized Kantorovich Operators
Authors: Bartoszek Krzysztof , Bartoszek Wojciech 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We characterize the family of continuous functions

$$f\in C([0,1])$$

f
∈
C
(
[
0
,
1
]
)

such that the iterates

$$\widehat{T}_i^kf$$

T
^

i
k

f

converge uniformly on [0, 1], where

$$\widehat{T}_i$$

T
^

i

is a generalized Kantorovich operator. This gives an affirmative answer to the problem raised in 2021 by Acu and Rasa.
An open source convolutional neural network to detect and localize distal radius fractures on plain radiographs
Authors: Oude Nijhuis Koen D. , Barvelink Britt , Prijs Jasper , Zhao Yang , Liao Zhibin , Jaarsma Ruurd L. , IJpma Frank F. A. , Colaris Joost W. , Doornberg Job N. , Wijffels Mathieu M. E. ,   On behalf of the Machine Learning Consortium, van Luit Hans , Canta Olga , Hoeksema Sanne , Laane Charlotte L.E. , Aksakal Kaan , Mhmud Haras , Jutte Paul , Gordon Max , Mallee Wouter , Duckworth Andrew , Schep Niels , Hendrickx Ran , Bulstra Anne-Eva , Dankelman Lente , Reijman Max 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are often initially assessed by junior doctors under time constraints, with limited supervision, risking significant consequences if missed. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) can aid in diagnosing fractures. This study aims to internally and externally validate an open source algorithm for the detection and localization of DRFs.

Methods
Patients from a level 1 trauma center from Adelaide, Australia that presented between 2016 and 2020 with wrist trauma were retrospectively included. Radiographs were reviewed confirming the presence or absence of a fracture, as well as annotating radius, ulna, and fracture location. An internal validation dataset from the same hospital was created. An external validation set was created with two other level 1 trauma centers, from Groningen and Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Three surgeons reviewed both sets for DRFs.

Results
The algorithm was trained on 659 radiographs. The internal validation set included 190 patients, showing an accuracy of 87% and an AUC of 0.93 for DRF detection. The external validation set consisted of 188 patients, with an accuracy and AUC were 82% and 0.88 respectively. Radial and ulnar bone segmentation on the internal validation was excellent with an AP50 of 99 and 98, but moderate for fracture segmentation with an AP50 of 29. For external validation the AP50 was 92, 89 and 25 for radius, ulna, and fracture respectively.

Conclusion
This open-source algorithm effectively detects DRFs with high accuracy and localizes them with moderate accuracy. It can assist clinicians in diagnosing suspected DRFs and is the first radiograph-based CNN externally validated on patients from multiple hospitals.
CT imaging findings in symptomatic patients with and without revision surgery after reverse shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Goller Sophia S. , Falkowski Anna L. , Egli Rainer J. , Feuerriegel Georg C. , Bouaicha Samy , Sutter Reto 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate CT imaging findings in symptomatic patients with and without revision surgery (RS) after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA).

Materials and methods
In this retrospective study, two radiologists assessed CT imaging findings in symptomatic patients with RSA over 5 years, including material fracture and loosening of the peg, baseplate, screws, and humeral stem, screw positioning, prosthesis dislocation, glenoid notching, fractures, and deltoid muscle quality. The primary outcome parameter was RS. Patients were assigned Group 1 (RS) or Group 2 (No RS).

Results
Ninety-nine patients (mean age 70.4 ± 10.3 years, 61 females) met the inclusion criteria. Fifty-two patients (29 females) received RS after 34.0 ± 38.3 months. The only CT imaging finding significantly associated with RS was prosthesis dislocation (P = .007, odds ratio (OR) 10.95, 95% CI 1.34–89.24). All other evaluated CT imaging findings were not associated with RS. Yet, loosening of the peg (30% vs. 16%), baseplate (15% vs. 6%), and superior screw (18% vs. 7%) and periprosthetic humeral fractures (29% vs. 13%)—as common reasons for RS—were more frequent in patients with RS than in those without, however not reaching significance (P ≥ .11). The large majority of patients had glenoid notching (79% vs. 94%), irrespective of RS.

Conclusion
In this cohort of symptomatic patients after RSA, prosthesis dislocation was the only CT imaging finding associated with RS. Besides, there was a trend with higher numbers of loosening of the peg, baseplate, and superior screw, as well as periprosthetic humeral fractures in patients with RS, though not reaching significance.
Anatomical investigation of safety determining factors for keyhole drilling trajectories for robotic cochlear implant surgery
Authors: Adanır Saliha Seda , Kervancıoğlu Piraye , Bahşi İlhan , Al Saadi Mohammad , Van de Heyning Paul , Topsakal Vedat 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Cochlear implants (CI) are the most successful bioprosthesis in medicine probably due to the tonotopic anatomy of the auditory pathway and of course the brain plasticity. Correct placement of the CI arrays, respecting the inner ear anatomy are therefore important. The ideal trajectory to insert a cochlear implant array is defined by an entrance through the round window membrane and continues as long as possible parallel to the basal turn of the cochlea. Image-guided surgery can directly drill with a robotic arm through the mastoid and execute an exact drilling of this precalculated most ideal trajectory. Here, we aim to identify critical anatomical structures determining the safest keyhole drilling trajectory by comparing easy and difficult CI surgeries performed with the HEARO Procedure: a robotic tool for image-guided surgery.

Methods
Cone-beam computed tomography images of patients who underwent robot-assisted cochlear implantation surgery (RACIS) were included. Three of 25 cases had to be converted to conventional surgery because of the current safety mitigations based on anatomical distance. Radiological images in DICOM format were transferred to dedicated software (OTOPLAN® Cascination GMHB Bern Switzerland) for analyses. Surgical segmentation and previously planned trajectories were analyzed for these 25 cases by comparing cochlear sizes, facial recess sizes, round window sizes, and trajectory angles. In addition, facial recess angle, and cochlear orientation angles were measured with RadiAnt DICOM Viewer (Medixant, Pozan, Poland).

Results
Facial recess size, facial recess angle, and distance between the facial nerve and safe trajectory were smaller in patient who converted from robotic surgery to conventional. A significant positive correlation existed between basal turn angle and in-plane angle (p = 0.001, r = 0.859). In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between the basal turn length and the last electrode insertion depth degree (p = 0.007, r = 0.545).

Conclusion
In our robotic surgery cases, we demonstrate that the limiting factors of anatomical relationships are constituted by the dimensions of the facial recess and the cochlear orientation. The findings of this study are considered to be a reference for future studies in achieving collision-free trajectory planning in robotic-assisted cochlear implant surgery.
Enhancing financial time series forecasting through topological data analysis
Authors: de Jesus Luiz Carlos , Fernández-Navarro Francisco , Carbonero-Ruz Mariano 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Topological data analysis (TDA) is increasingly acknowledged within financial markets for its capacity to manage complexity and discern nuanced patterns and structures. It has been applied effectively to uncover intricate relationships and capture non-linear dependencies inherent in market data. This manuscript presents a groundbreaking study that delves into integrating features derived from TDA to improve the performance of forecasting models for univariate time series prediction. The research specifically examines whether incorporating features extracted from TDA-such as entropy, amplitude, and the number of points obtained from persistent diagrams can provide valuable supplementary information to the baseline forecasting model. Thus, the aim is to determine if these TDA-derived features can boost forecasting accuracy by offering additional insights that existing models might overlook. The model serves as the baseline forecasting model due to its robust generalization capabilities and flexibility in incorporating additional features into the model. The proposed methodology is compared against a univariate model without additional features and other strategies incorporating supplementary features such as temporal decomposition and time delay embeddings. The evaluation includes forecasting for six cryptocurrencies across four distinct time scenarios and four traditional financial instruments across two scenarios each, resulting in 32 datasets. The results obtained were promising, as the proposed method,

$$\texttt {N-BEATS}_\mathrm {+TDA}$$

N
-

BEATS

+
TDA

, achieved the best results in mean performance and mean ranking for the three metrics considered (MAPE, MAE, and RMSE). Significant differences were observed with the rest of the proposed methods using a significance level of

$$\alpha = 0.10$$

α
=
0.10

, highlighting the effectiveness of integrating TDA features to enhance forecasting models.
Conserving saproxylic flagship species by complementing 150 years of natural history with citizen science data—the case of the stag beetles (Lucanidae, Coleoptera) of Portugal
Authors: Soutinho João Gonçalo , Carvalho João , Matos Milene , Grosso-Silva José Manuel , Moreira-Pinhal Tatiana C. , Rego Carla , Ferreira Sónia , Abreu João Gonçalo , Gonçalves Ana Rita , Ceia Helena , Fonseca Carlos , Rufino Cristina , Müller Jörg , Vierling Kerri T. , Vierling Lee A. , Gonçalves João 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The use of flagship species in conservation, such as the European Stag Beetle (Lucanus cervus), can positively affect the conservation of other taxonomic or functionally related species. This is especially true for taxonomic groups where the knowledge regarding their distribution and ecology is generally limited, as is the case of insects. This work represents the most accurate and up-to-date publication on the distribution, ecology and environmental niche of the four lucanids found in Portugal. Moreover, it unravels how citizen science initiatives can positively impact conservation planning for flagship species and their taxonomic and functionally related species. Compared to non-citizen science sources, citizen science data increased the known distribution area for all four species (1.6 to 7.2 fold) and confirmed most of the current known species distribution (50.0% to 95.5%). It also expanded the known environmental niche breadth for all species (1.1 to 4.2 fold) and the species suitable modelled habitat (1.1 to 2.1 fold) with very good model performances (AUC > 0.8 and TSS > 0.6). Our results suggest that to improve the conservation of these species, it is paramount to value native forests in Portugal. Management actions to accomplish this might include preserving current native forests and small natural features (such as large old trees) throughout the landscape while simultaneously increasing native forest development. In addition, climate change will affect the species' distribution since all are highly susceptible to specific (bio-)climatic conditions that are expected to change in the next decades. These findings not only enhance our understanding of these species' current distribution but also pave the way for targeted and integrative conservation efforts throughout the country, especially in areas where the (now assessed) ecological niche requirements and habitat availability (either in terms of landscape composition or structure) are met. Guidelines and priorities are discussed on how to implement conservation measures in Portugal following the recently approved European Nature Restoration Law.
Photocatalytic removal of synthetic dyes using Bi2O3–TiO2 nanocomposites obtained by simple hydrothermal route
Authors: Ruiz-Santoyo V. , García-Carvajal S. , Arenas-Arrocena M. C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study describes the preparation of TiO2-modified Bi2O3 photocatalysts with different TiO2 contents, synthesized via an in situ hydrothermal method. The powder samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR–ATR, UV–Vis, XPS, and N₂ physisorption analysis. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2-modified Bi2O3 was studied for the removal of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) under different reaction conditions. The TiO2-modified Bi2O3 photocatalysts exhibited superior photocatalytic activity compared to the pristine samples of TiO2 and Bi2O3. The BiT16 sample achieved degradation rates of approximately 93.9% and 98.2% for MO and MB, respectively, within 120 min of reaction at 30 ppm. These results are attributed to the band gap values, differences in textural features, TiO2 content, and the reduction in the recombination process of e⁻/h⁺ pairs in the Bi2O3–TiO2 composites. Reaction kinetics were determined using the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism, and during the third photoreaction cycle, the TiO2-modified Bi2O3 (BiT16) achieved photocatalytic degradation rates of 65.6% for MO and 70.5% for MB.
Everybody hurts: a survey on mental health in academia
Authors: Parra Saiani Paolo , Di Stefano Lucia , Ivaldi Enrico 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The impacts of the pandemic were multiple: health, social, economic, political, on quality of life and well-being. The aim of this project is to attempt to study the mental health status, the problems of which are constantly increasing, of Italian academic social scientists experiencing difficulties during the pandemic period, as they play a relevant role within society, trying to construct an index identifying their level of malaise using exploratory factor analysis and logistic regression.
Pre-service mathematics teachers’ experiences and insights into the benefits and challenges of using explanatory videos in flipped modelling education
Authors: Cevikbas Mustafa , Mießeler Denise , Kaiser Gabriele 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Explanatory videos play an important role in the flipped classroom (FC) approach, which has become highly important especially since the COVID-19 crisis. In this qualitative study, we explore the potential of using explanatory videos (EVs) in mathematical modelling education as important component of FC and assess its merits and deficiencies. We focus on the perspectives and experiences of 44 preservice mathematics teachers (PSTs) attending a German university in their master phase. Considering EVs in an interactive FC context, we employed a multifaceted approach to data collection that included interviews, online surveys with open-ended questions, EVs generated by the PSTs, and written documents resulting from collaborative group activities. The findings show that the EVs used in FCs in modelling can enhance understanding and simplifying modelling content and real-world situations. Moreover, PSTs report that using EVs in flipped modelling seminars can offer personalized learning, optimize teaching hours, decrease anxiety, and increase learners’ attention. PSTs also improved their skills in developing EVs on modelling and evaluating their quality in terms of structure, content, and focus. The experienced challenges include time-consuming content development, workload, technical hurdles, and feasibility of FC implementations. Although these challenges are important, they are not content-specific issues, and we conclude that the notable benefits of using EVs in FCs have the potential to promote technology-enhanced modelling education.