bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory biomarkers, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in epicardial adipose tissue correlate with coronary artery disease
Authors: Si Yueqiao , Feng Zengbin , Liu Yixiang , Fan Wenjun , Shan Weichao , Zhang Ying , Shi Fei , Xing Enhong , Sun Lixian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, we explored the relationship between inflammatory adipokine levels and coronary artery disease (CAD). We collected subcutaneous adipose tissues(SAT), pericardial adipose tissues(PAT), and epicardial adipose tissues (EAT) and serum samples from 26 inpatients with CAD undergone coronary artery bypass grafting and 20 control inpatients without CAD. Serum inflammatory adipokines were measured by ELISA. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were used to measure gene and protein expression. Adipocyte morphology was assessed by H&E staining. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to measure endothelial and inflammatory markers. Serum pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokine levels were higher and lower, respectively, in the CAD group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In CAD, the pro-inflammatory adipokine levels via ELISA in EAT and PAT were elevated. Pro-inflammatory adipokine mRNA expression was increased, while anti-inflammatory adipokine mRNA expression decreased, in CAD relative to NCAD in EAT and PAT rather than SAT. In EAT, adipocyte area and macrophage-specific staining were lower, while lymphatic vessel marker expression was higher in CAD. Additionally, the endothelial marker expression in EAT was higher than PAT in CAD. The three tissue types had different blood vessel amounts in CAD. The regulation and imbalance expression of the novel biomarkers, including inflammatory adipokine, macrophage infiltration, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis in EAT and PAT, may be related to the pathogenesis of CAD. The serum levels of inflammatory adipokines may correlate to CAD, which requires large sample size studies to get further validation before clinic practice.
Machine learning intelligence to assess the shear capacity of corroded reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Kumar Aman , Arora Harish Chandra , Kapoor Nishant Raj , Kumar Krishna , Hadzima-Nyarko Marijana , Radu Dorin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe ability of machine learning (ML) techniques to forecast the shear strength of corroded reinforced concrete beams (CRCBs) is examined in the present study. These ML techniques include artificial neural networks (ANN), adaptive-neuro fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), decision tree (DT) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). A thorough databank with 140 data points about the shear capacity of CRCBs with various degrees of corrosion was compiled after a review of the literature. The inputs parameters of the implemented models are the width of the beam, the effective depth of the beam, concrete compressive strength (CS), yield strength of reinforcement, percentage of longitudinal reinforcement, percentage of transversal reinforcement (stirrups), yield strength of stirrups, stirrups spacing, shear span-to-depth ratio (a/d), corrosion degree of main reinforcement, and corrosion degree of stirrups. The coefficient of determination of the ANN, ANFIS, DT, and XGBoost models are 0.9811, 0.9866, 0.9799, and 0.9998, respectively. The MAPE of the XGBoost model is 99.39%, 99.16%, and 99.28% lower than ANN, ANFIS, and DT models. According to the results of the sensitivity examination, the shear strength of the CRCBs is most affected by the depth of the beam, stirrups spacing, and the a/d. The graphical displays of the Taylor graph, violin plot, and multi-histogram plot additionally support the XGBoost model's dependability and precision. In addition, this model demonstrated good experimental data fit when compared to other analytical and ML models. Accurate prediction of shear strength using the XGBoost approach confirmed that this approach is capable of handling a wide range of data and can be used as a model to predict shear strength with higher accuracy. The effectiveness of the developed XGBoost model is higher than the existing models in terms of precision, economic considerations, and safety, as indicated by the comparative study.
The association between muscle architecture and muscle spindle abundance
Authors: Kissane Roger W. P. , Charles James P. , Banks Robert W. , Bates Karl T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAcross the human body, skeletal muscles have a broad range of biomechanical roles that employ complex proprioceptive control strategies to successfully execute a desired movement. This information is derived from peripherally located sensory apparatus, the muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organs. The abundance of these sensory organs, particularly muscle spindles, is known to differ considerably across individual muscles. Here we present a comprehensive data set of 119 muscles across the human body including architectural properties (muscle fibre length, mass, pennation angle and physiological cross-sectional area) and statistically test their relationships with absolute spindle number and relative spindle abundance (the residual value of the linear regression of the log-transformed spindle number and muscle mass). These data highlight a significant positive relationship between muscle spindle number and fibre length, emphasising the importance of fibre length as an input into the central nervous system. However, there appears to be no relationship between muscles architecturally optimised to function as displacement specialists and their provision of muscle spindles. Additionally, while there appears to be regional differences in muscle spindle abundance, independent of muscle mass and fibre length, our data provide no support for the hypothesis that muscle spindle abundance is related to anatomical specialisation.
Computational analysis of the sequence-structure relation in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using protein contact networks
Authors: Guzzi Pietro Hiram , di Paola Luisa , Puccio Barbara , Lomoio Ugo , Giuliani Alessandro , Veltri Pierangelo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe structure of proteins impacts directly on the function they perform. Mutations in the primary sequence can provoke structural changes with consequent modification of functional properties. SARS-CoV-2 proteins have been extensively studied during the pandemic. This wide dataset, related to sequence and structure, has enabled joint sequence-structure analysis. In this work, we focus on the SARS-CoV-2 S (Spike) protein and the relations between sequence mutations and structure variations, in order to shed light on the structural changes stemming from the position of mutated amino acid residues in three different SARS-CoV-2 strains. We propose the use of protein contact network (PCN) formalism to: (i) obtain a global metric space and compare various molecular entities, (ii) give a structural explanation of the observed phenotype, and (iii) provide context dependent descriptors of single mutations. PCNs have been used to compare sequence and structure of the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants, and we found that omicron has a unique mutational pattern leading to different structural consequences from mutations of other strains. The non-random distribution of changes in network centrality along the chain has allowed to shed light on the structural (and functional) consequences of mutations.
The simplified tailor-made workflows for a 3D slicer-based craniofacial implant design
Authors: Tantisatirapong Suchada , Khunakornpattanakarn Sarunyapong , Suesatsakul Thanyakarn , Boonpratatong Amaraporn , Benjamin Itsara , Tongmeesee Somprasong , Kangkorn Tanasit , Chanwimalueang Theerasak 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA specific design of craniofacial implant model is vital and urgent for patients with traumatic head injury. The mirror technique is commonly used for modeling these implants, but it requires the presence of a healthy skull region opposite to the defect. To address this limitation, we propose three processing workflows for modeling craniofacial implants: the mirror method, the baffle planner, and the baffle-based mirror guideline. These workflows are based on extension modules on the 3D Slicer platform and were developed to simplify the modeling process for a variety of craniofacial scenarios. To evaluate the effectiveness of these proposed workflows, we investigated craniofacial CT datasets collected from four accidental cases. The designed implant models were created using the three proposed workflows and compared to reference models created by an experienced neurosurgeon. The spatial properties of the models were evaluated using performance metrics. Our results show that the mirror method is suitable for cases where a healthy skull region can be completely reflected to the defect region. The baffle planner module offers a flexible prototype model that can be fit independently to any defect location, but it requires customized refinement of contour and thickness to fill the missing region seamlessly and relies on the user's experience and expertise. The proposed baffle-based mirror guideline method strengthens the baffle planner method by tracing the mirrored surface. Overall, our study suggests that the three proposed workflows for craniofacial implant modeling simplify the process and can be practically applied to a variety of craniofacial scenarios. These findings have the potential to improve the care of patients with traumatic head injuries and could be used by neurosurgeons and other medical professionals.
A new method for analyzing non-uniform guiding structures
Authors: Yasi Negar , Boozari Mahdi , Alijani Mohammad G. H. , Neshati Mohammad H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a new technique for analyzing a non-uniform transmission line (NUTL). This method expands the differential equations of voltage and current as the slope functions. Then, differential equations are solved using the explicit Runge–Kutta technique with the fourth-order method with four stages. It is shown that the proposed method can be used not only for analyzing the NUTL but also for analyzing the no-uniform waveguides (NUWG). Additionally, it is shown that the sensitivity of the proposed method concerning the discretization error is suitable. Several theoretical and practical NUTLs and NUWG are investigated to verify the proposed method’s accuracy and advantages. The performance of the proposed method is compared with those obtained by the other popular techniques, such as uniform cascaded sections (UCS).
Long-term participant retention and engagement patterns in an app and wearable-based multinational remote digital depression study
Authors: Zhang Yuezhou , Pratap Abhishek , Folarin Amos A. , Sun Shaoxiong , Cummins Nicholas , Matcham Faith , Vairavan Srinivasan , Dineley Judith , Ranjan Yatharth , Rashid Zulqarnain , Conde Pauline , Stewart Callum , White Katie M. , Oetzmann Carolin , Ivan Alina , Lamers Femke , Siddi Sara , Rambla Carla Hernández , Simblett Sara , Nica Raluca , Mohr David C. , Myin-Germeys Inez , Wykes Til , Haro Josep Maria , Penninx Brenda W. J. H. , Annas Peter , Narayan Vaibhav A. , Hotopf Matthew , Dobson Richard J. B. ,   RADAR-CNS consortium
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent growth in digital technologies has enabled the recruitment and monitoring of large and diverse populations in remote health studies. However, the generalizability of inference drawn from remotely collected health data could be severely impacted by uneven participant engagement and attrition over the course of the study. We report findings on long-term participant retention and engagement patterns in a large multinational observational digital study for depression containing active (surveys) and passive sensor data collected via Android smartphones, and Fitbit devices from 614 participants for up to 2 years. Majority of participants (67.6%) continued to remain engaged in the study after 43 weeks. Unsupervised clustering of participants’ study apps and Fitbit usage data showed 3 distinct engagement subgroups for each data stream. We found: (i) the least engaged group had the highest depression severity (4 PHQ8 points higher) across all data streams; (ii) the least engaged group (completed 4 bi-weekly surveys) took significantly longer to respond to survey notifications (3.8 h more) and were 5 years younger compared to the most engaged group (completed 20 bi-weekly surveys); and (iii) a considerable proportion (44.6%) of the participants who stopped completing surveys after 8 weeks continued to share passive Fitbit data for significantly longer (average 42 weeks). Additionally, multivariate survival models showed participants’ age, ownership and brand of smartphones, and recruitment sites to be associated with retention in the study. Together these findings could inform the design of future digital health studies to enable equitable and balanced data collection from diverse populations.
Socio-ecological factors shape the distribution of a cultural keystone species in Malaysian Borneo
Authors: Kurz David J. , Connor Thomas , Brodie Jedediah F. , Baking Esther L. , Szeto Sabrina H. , Hearn Andrew J. , Gardner Penny C. , Wearn Oliver R. , Deith Mairin C. M. , Deere Nicolas J. , Ampeng Ahmad , Bernard Henry , Goon Jocelyn , Granados Alys , Helmy Olga , Lim Hong-Ye , Luskin Matthew Scott , Macdonald David W. , Ross Joanna , Simpson Boyd K. , Struebig Matthew J. , Mohd-Azlan Jayasilan , Potts Matthew D. , Goossens Benoit , Brashares Justin S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBiophysical and socio-cultural factors have jointly shaped the distribution of global biodiversity, yet relatively few studies have quantitatively assessed the influence of social and ecological landscapes on wildlife distributions. We sought to determine whether social and ecological covariates shape the distribution of a cultural keystone species, the bearded pig (Sus barbatus). Drawing on a dataset of 295 total camera trap locations and 25,755 trap days across 18 field sites and three years in Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, we fitted occupancy models that incorporated socio-cultural covariates and ecological covariates hypothesized to influence bearded pig occupancy. We found that all competitive occupancy models included both socio-cultural and ecological covariates. Moreover, we found quantitative evidence supporting Indigenous pig hunting rights: predicted pig occupancy was positively associated with predicted high levels of Indigenous pig-hunting groups in low-accessibility areas, and predicted pig occupancy was positively associated with predicted medium and low levels of Indigenous pig-hunting groups in high-accessibility areas. These results suggest that bearded pig populations in Malaysian Borneo should be managed with context-specific strategies, promoting Indigenous pig hunting rights. We also provide important baseline information on bearded pig occupancy levels prior to the 2020–2021 outbreak of African Swine Fever (ASF), which caused social and ecological concerns after mass dieoffs of bearded pigs in Borneo. The abstract provided in Malay is in the Supplementary file.
The interplay of acute cortisol response and trait affectivity in associating with stress resilience
Authors: Shao Robin , Man Idy S. C. , Yau Suk-Yu , Li Cheng , Li Pinky Y. P. , Hou Wai Kai , Li Shirley Xin , Liu Fiona Yan , Wing Yun Kwok , Lee Tatia M. C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResilience is the cornerstone to mental health, and entails multiple biological and psychological mechanistic processes. However, the interplay of the psychobiological processes in shaping resilience is unclear. Here we report the results of testing whether an acute cortisol response and positive affectivity traits moderate the relationship between participants’ five-year major life stress and current psychological symptoms. The participants comprised 147 individuals (93 females and 54 males, age = 24–45 years) without clinical diagnosis. Acute stress was induced using the Trier Social Stress Task. We found that both the cortisol response to anticipatory acute stress and positive affectivity moderated the stress–symptom relationship. Specifically, a positive relationship between life stress and current symptoms was only observed at low, but not high, levels of cortisol response and positive affectivity. Moreover, the moderating effect of cortisol response was only observed at a low level of trait positive affectivity. These results unravel how the biological and emotional processes of the stress response interact to shape resilience to major life stress.
Adjustierung des sozialmedizinischen Verlaufs nach medizinischer
Rehabilitation: methodische Weiterentwicklung der
Reha-Qualitätssicherung der Deutschen Rentenversicherung
Authors: Leinberger Sarah , Hetzel Christian , Kaluscha Rainer 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die berufliche (Wieder-)Eingliederung der Rehabilitanden
stellt neben der Lebensqualität ein wichtiges Behandlungsergebnis einer
medizinischen Rehabilitationsmaßnahme in Trägerschaft der
Deutschen Rentenversicherung dar. Um den sozialmedizinischen Verlauf in Form der
beruflichen (Wieder-)Eingliederung als Qualitätsindikator nutzen zu
können, musste zunächst eine geeignete Operationalisierung
gefunden werden, um anschließend eine Risikoadjustierung hinsichtlich
vorbestehender ergebnisrelevanter Rehabilitanden-, Fachabteilungs- und
Arbeitsmarktmerkmale zu erarbeiten, welche die Fachabteilungen nicht unmittelbar
beeinflussen können.
Methodik Dazu wurde mittels multipler Regressionsanalysen und
Kreuzvalidierung eine Adjustierungsstrategie entwickelt, welche die
Einflüsse ergebnisrelevanter Confounder (Einflussgrößen)
mathematisch kompensiert und so sachgerechte Fachabteilungsvergleiche
bezüglich der sozialmedizinischen Verläufe der Rehabilitanden
nach ihrer medizinischen Rehabilitation zulässt. Als geeignete
Operationalisierung des sozialmedizinischen Verlaufs in Form der beruflichen
(Wieder-)Eingliederung wurden unter Einbezug von Experten die
sozialversicherungspflichtigen Beschäftigungstage im ersten und zweiten
Jahr nach der Rehabilitationsmaßnahme ausgewählt. Methodische
Herausforderungen bei der Entwicklung der Adjustierungsstrategie stellten die
Auswahl einer geeigneten Regressionsmethode für die
Verteilungsbesonderheiten der Zielgröße, die adäquate
Modellierung der Mehr-Ebenenstruktur der Daten, und die Selektion der relevanten
Einflussgrößen auf den sozialmedizinischen Verlauf dar. Auf
Basis der adjustierten Ergebnisse wurde ein anwenderfreundliches
Rückmeldekonzept entwickelt.
Ergebnisse Als angemessene Regressionsmethode zur Modellierung der
U-förmig verteilten Anzahl der Beschäftigungstage wurde die
Fractional Logit Regression gewählt. Die Mehr-Ebenenstruktur der Daten
(cross-classified Arbeitsmarktregionen und Fachabteilungen) ist aufgrund von
durchweg niedrigen Intraklassenkorrelationen statistisch zu
vernachlässigen. Potenzielle Einflussgrößen wurden
theoretisch vorselektiert (unter Einbezug medizinischer Experten bei
medizinischen Parametern) und indikationsspezifisch über
Rückwärtsselektion auf ihre prognostische Relevanz
geprüft. Die Strategie erwies sich nach Kreuzvalidierung als stabil. Die
Ergebnisse der Adjustierung wurden unter Einbezug der Nutzerperspektive
(Interviews und Fokusgruppen) anwenderorientiert in einem
Rückmeldekonzept dargestellt.
Schlussfolgerung Das entwickelte Adjustierungsverfahren ermöglicht
durch die Kompensation vorbestehender Rehabilitandenmerkmale einen sachgerechten
Fachabteilungsvergleich zur Beurteilung der Behandlungsergebnisse im Rahmen der
Reha-Qualitätssicherung. Die methodischen Herausforderungen,
Entscheidungen und Limitationen werden in diesem Beitrag ausführlicher
dargestellt.
Detrimental Changes in Health during Menopause: The Role of Physical Activity
Authors: Hulteen Ryan M. , Marlatt Kara L. , Allerton Timothy D. , Lovre Dragana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMidlife women experience changes in cardiometabolic, physical, and psychosocial health during menopause that negatively impacts their overall quality of life. Factors that contribute to these increases in cardiometabolic risk include weight gain as well as increases in fat mass (particularly abdominal adiposity), insulin resistance, and vascular dysfunction. Other deleterious changes in physical health (e. g. reduced sleep health, bone density, and balance) as well as changes in psychosocial health (e. g. mood, anxiety, and depression) often coincide and are linked to these increases in cardiometabolic risk. Physical activity and exercise are important lifestyle components that have been demonstrated to improve cardiometabolic, physical, and psychosocial health, yet physical activity and exercise is known to decline during perimenopause and into the postmenopausal years. In this narrative review, we summarize these changes in overall health during menopause as well as how declining physical activity contributes to these changes. Additionally, we discuss how incorporating physical activity and exercise during menopause can potentially ameliorate health declines. We conclude that there exists a significant, positive impact of physical activity on cardiometabolic, physical, and psychological health among midlife women, particularly if undertaken during the perimenopausal and postmenopausal years.
A Novel Neurorehabilitation Approach for Neural Plasticity
Overstimulation and Reorganization in Patients with Neurological
Disorders
Authors: Alashram Anas R. , Annino Giuseppe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNeurological disorders are those that are associated with impairments in the
nervous system. These impairments affect the patient’s activities of
daily living. Recently, many advanced modalities have been used in the
rehabilitation field to treat various neurological impairments. However, many of
these modalities are available only in clinics, and some are expensive. Most
patients with neurological disorders have difficulty reaching clinics. This
review was designed to establish a new neurorehabilitation approach based on the
scientific way to improve patients’ functional recovery following
neurological disorders in clinics or at home. The human brain is a network, an
intricate, integrated system that coordinates operations among billions of
units. In fact, grey matter contains most of the neuronal cell bodies. It
includes the brain and the spinal cord areas involved in muscle control, sensory
perception, memory, emotions, decision-making, and self-control. Consequently,
patients’ functional ability results from complex interactions among
various brain and spinal cord areas and neuromuscular systems. While white
matter fibers connect numerous brain areas, stimulating or improving non-motor
symptoms, such as motivation, cognitive, and sensory symptoms besides motor
symptoms may enhance functional recovery in patients with neurological
disorders. The basic principles of the current treatment approach are
established based on brain connectivity. Using motor, sensory, motivation, and
cognitive (MSMC) interventions during rehabilitation may promote neural
plasticity and maximize functional recovery in patients with neurological
disorders. Experimental studies are strongly needed to verify our theories and
hypothesis.