bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photothermal Conversion by Carbon Black Facilitates Aryl Migration by Photon‐Promoted Temperature Gradients
Authors: Matter Megan E. , Čamdžić Lejla , Stache Erin E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Newman Kwart Rearrangement (NKR) offers an efficient and high‐yielding method for producing substituted thiophenols from phenols. While an industrially important protocol, it suffers from high activation energy barriers (35–43 kcal/mol), requiring the use of extreme temperatures (>200 °C) and specialty equipment. This report details a highly efficient and straightforward method for facilitating the NKR using photothermal conversion. This underused, unique reactivity pathway arises from the irradiation of nanomaterials that relax via a non‐radiative decay pathway to generate intense thermal gradients. We show carbon black (CB) can be an inexpensive and abundant photothermal agent under visible light irradiation to achieve a facile NKR under mild conditions. The scope includes a wide array of stereo‐ and electronically diverse substrates with increasing difficulty of rearrangement, including BHT and BINOL as effective substrates. Furthermore, we demonstrate the unique application for temporal control in a thermal reaction and tunability of thermal gradients by modulating light intensity. Ultimately, photothermal conversion enables high‐temperature reactions with simple, visible light irradiation.
Solar‐to‐H2O2 Catalyzed by Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Yong Zijun , Ma Tianyi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBenefiting from the excellent structural tunability, robust framework, ultrahigh porosity, and rich active sites, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are widely recognized as promising photocatalysts in chemical conversions, and emerged in the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) photosynthesis in 2020. H2O2, serving as an environmental‐friendly oxidant and a promising liquid fuel, has attracted increasing researchers to explore its potential. Over the past few years, numerous COFs‐based photocatalysts are developed with encouraging achievements in H2O2 production, whereas no comprehensive review articles exist to summarize this specific and significant area. Herein we provide a systematic overview of the advances and challenges of COFs in photocatalytic H2O2 production. We first introduce the priorities of COFs in H2O2 photosynthesis. Then, various strategies to improve COFs photocatalytic efficiency are discussed. The perspective and outlook for future advances of COFs in this emerging field are finally offered. This timely review will pave the way for the development of highly efficient COFs photocatalysts for practical production of value‐added chemicals not limited to H2O2.
A DNA‐Stabilized Ag1812+ Cluster with Excitation‐Intensity‐Dependent Dual Emission
Authors: Rück Vanessa , Liisberg Mikkel B. , Mollerup Christian Brinch , He Yanmei , Chen Junsheng , Cerretani Cecilia , Vosch Tom 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDNA‐stabilized silver nanoclusters (DNA‐AgNCs) are easily tunable emitters with intriguing photophysical properties. Here, a DNA‐AgNC with dual emission in the red and near‐infrared (NIR) regions is presented. Mass spectrometry data showed that two DNA strands stabilize 18 silver atoms with a nanocluster charge of 12+. Besides determining the composition and charge of DNA2[Ag18]12+, steady‐state and time‐resolved methods were applied to characterize the picosecond red fluorescence and the relatively intense microsecond‐lived NIR luminescence. During this process, the luminescence‐to‐fluorescence ratio was found to be excitation‐intensity‐dependent. This peculiar feature is very rare for molecular emitters and allows the use of DNA2[Ag18]12+ as a nanoscale excitation intensity probe. For this purpose, calibration curves were constructed using three different approaches based either on steady‐state or time‐resolved emission measurements. The results showed that processes like thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) or photon upconversion through triplet‐triplet annihilation (TTA) could be excluded for DNA2[Ag18]12+. We, therefore, speculate that the ratiometric excitation intensity response could be the result of optically activated delayed fluorescence.
Ultralow‐loss Optical Waveguides through Balancing Deep‐Blue TADF and Orange Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Hybrid Antimony Halide Microstructures
Authors: Zhou Bo , Qi Zhenhong , Dai Meiqi , Xing Chang , Yan Dongpeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHarnessing the potential of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is crucial for developing light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers, sensors, and many others. However, effective strategies in this domain are still relatively scarce. This study presents a new approach to achieving highly efficient deep‐blue TADF (with a PLQY of 25 %) and low‐energy orange RTP (with a PLQY of 90 %) through the fabrication of lead‐free hybrid halides. This new class of monomeric and dimeric 0D antimony halides can be facilely synthesized using a bottom‐up solution process, requiring only a few seconds to minutes, which offer exceptional stability and nontoxicity. By leveraging the highly adaptable molecular arrangement and crystal packing modes, the hybrid antimony halides demonstrate the ability to self‐assemble into regular 1D microrod and 2D microplate morphologies. This self‐assembly is facilitated by multiple non‐covalent interactions between the inorganic cores and organic shells. Notably, these microstructures exhibit outstanding polarized luminescence and function as low‐dimensional optical waveguides with remarkably low optical‐loss coefficients. Therefore, this work not only presents a pioneering demonstration of deep‐blue TADF in hybrid antimony halides, but also introduces 1D and 2D micro/nanostructures that hold promising potential for applications in white LEDs and low‐dimensional photonic systems.
Dynamically Restructuring NixCryO Electrocatalyst for Stable Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Real Seawater
Authors: Malek Abdul , Xue Yanrong , Lu Xu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the pursuit of long‐term stability for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in seawater, retaining the intrinsic catalytic activity is essential but has remained challenging. Herein, we developed a NixCryO electrocatalyst that manifested exceptional OER stability in alkaline condition while improving the activity over time by dynamic self‐restructuring. In 1 M KOH, NixCryO required overpotentials of only 270 and 320 mV to achieve current densities of 100 and 500 mA cm−2, respectively, with excellent long‐term stability exceeding 475 h at 100 mA cm−2 and 280 h at 500 mA cm−2. The combination of electrochemical measurements and in situ studies revealed that leaching and redistribution of Cr during the prolonged electrolysis resulted in increased electrochemically active surface area. This eventually enhanced the catalyst porosity and improved OER activity. NixCryO was further applied in real seawater from the Red Sea (without purification, 1 M KOH added), envisaging that the dynamically evolving porosity can offset the adverse active site‐blocking effect posed by the seawater impurities. Remarkably, NixCryO exhibited stable operation for 2000, 275 and 100 h in seawater at 10, 100 and 500 mA cm−2, respectively. The proposed catalyst and the mechanistic insights represented a step towards realization of non‐noble metal‐based direct seawater splitting.
A Bio‐Inspired Trehalose Additive for Reversible Zinc Anodes with Improved Stability and Kinetics
Authors: Li Haoyu , Ren Yu , Zhu Yue , Tian Jiaming , Sun Xinyi , Sheng Chuanchao , He Ping , Guo Shaohua , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe moderate reversibility of Zn anodes, as a long‐standing challenge in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries, promotes the exploration of suitable electrolyte additives continuously. It is crucial to establish the absolute predominance of smooth deposition within multiple interfacial reactions for stable zinc anodes, including suppressing side parasitic reactions and facilitating Zn plating process. Trehalose catches our attention due to the reported mechanisms in sustaining biological stabilization. In this work, the inter‐disciplinary application of trehalose is reported in the electrolyte modification for the first time. The pivotal roles of trehalose in suppressed hydrogen evolution and accelerated Zn deposition have been investigated based on the principles of thermodynamics as well as reaction kinetics. The electrodeposit changes from random accumulation of flakes to dense bulk with (002)‐plane exposure due to the unlocked crystal‐face oriented deposition with trehalose addition. As a result, the highly reversible Zn anode is obtained, exhibiting a high average CE of 99.8 % in the Zn/Cu cell and stable cycling over 1500 h under 9.0 % depth of discharge in the Zn symmetric cell. The designing principles and mechanism analysis in this study could serve as a source of inspiration in exploring novel additives for advanced Zn anodes.
Flame retardancy and smoke suppression effect of an organic–inorganic hybrid containing phosphaphenanthrene‐modified magnesium hydroxide/zinc borate on epoxy resin
Authors: Li Ping , Li Lijuan , Ji Lianmin , Dang Li , Lan Shengjie , Zhu Donghai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo improve the flame retardancy and smoke suppression effect of epoxy resin (EP), a new organic–inorganic hybrid (MH@ZB‐ODOPB) was fabricated. First, hierarchical‐structured particles (MH@ZB) were prepared by gradually depositing zinc borate (ZB) on the surface of magnesium hydroxide (MH) via a heterogeneous deposition process. Second, MH@ZB was modified with 10‐(2,5‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐10‐hydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phospha‐phenanthrene‐10‐oxide (ODOPB) to obtain MH@ZB‐ODOPB. Finally, the chemical structure and form of MH@ZB‐ODOPB were analyzed via X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The characterization results show that ZB was loaded onto the surface of MH, and ODOPB was grafted on the surface of MH@ZB. The cone calorimetry test results show that when 7.5 wt% MH@ZB‐ODOPB was added into EP, the peak heat release rates, total heat release, total smoke production, and peak smoke production rates decreased by 51.8%, 42.4%, 58.1%, and 66.1%, respectively. Moreover, EP/MH@ZB‐ODOPB exhibited a limiting oxygen index of 33%. These results show that the incorporation of MH@ZB‐ODOPB into EP composites considerably improved the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of EP composites. The double action of MH@ZB‐ODOPB in condensed and gas phases was investigated by analyzing the carbon residue and pyrolysis gas. Furthermore, the implementation of ODOPB improves the mechanical properties of EP composites.
Spatial priorities for freshwater fish conservation in relation to protected areas
Authors: Miqueleiz Imanol , Ariño Arturo H. , Miranda Rafael 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Freshwater habitats are vital for both humans and nature owing to their exceptional biodiversity and valuable ecosystem services, but they are currently facing serious threats. The designation and management of protected areas have been proposed as the most feasible way to ensure conservation objectives for the future. However, traditional approaches have not protected freshwater fauna effectively, especially freshwater fish.
Previous studies have identified the most irreplaceable terrestrial places to achieve conservation goals. Here, the aim was to investigate how the present network of protected areas preserves irreplaceable rivers for freshwater fish.
The irreplaceability of the world's river basins was calculated using International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List distribution maps, considering the rarity, richness, and conservation status of their freshwater fish fauna. The overlap between irreplaceable basins and the present network of protected areas was also calculated.
The results highlight the conservation significance of tropical rivers, particularly those in the Neotropics. The subset of the basins covering 30% of the most irreplaceable land surface (in line with the United Nations 30by30 target) encompasses 99% of freshwater fish species. However, protected areas do not seem to provide sufficient protection to these basins, as 89% of their surface area lies outside protected areas. Only 7% of freshwater ecoregions meet the United Nations 30by30 target.
Given the context of climate change, allocating new protected areas becomes crucial in providing better survival opportunities for freshwater fish species. Despite the limitations inherent to the absence of total knowledge of freshwater fish biogeography and the irreplaceability index itself, this study identifies priority sites for their conservation that may help inform decision‐making in the future to establish more effective protected areas.
Mung bean as a potent emerging functional food having anticancer therapeutic potential: Mechanistic insight and recent updates
Authors: Sehrawat Nirmala , Yadav Mukesh , Kumar Sunil , Devi Ashwanti , Singh Rajbir , Sharma Varruchi , Dhama Kuldeep , Lorenzo Jose M. , Sharma Anil Kumar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCancer is still a major challenge for humans. In recent years, researchers have focused on plant‐based metabolites as a safe, efficient, alternative or combinatorial, as well as cost‐effective preventive strategy against carcinogenesis. Mung bean is an important nutritious legume, and known for providing various health benefits due to various bioactive phytochemicals and easily digestible proteins. Regular intake of mung bean helps to regulate metabolism by affecting the growth and survival of good microbes in the host gut. Mung bean has also been reported to have anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory properties. These properties may possess the preventive potential of mung bean against carcinogenesis. Bibliographic databases for peer‐reviewed research literature were searched through a structured conceptual approach using focused review questions on mung beans, anticancer, therapeutics, and functional foods along with inclusion/exclusion criteria. For the appraisal of the quality of retrieved articles, standard tools were employed. A deductive qualitative content analysis methodology further led us to analyze outcomes of the research and review articles. The present review provides recent updates on the anticancer potential of mung bean and the possible mechanism of action thereof to prevent carcinogenesis and metastasis. Extensive research on the active metabolites and mechanisms of action is required to establish the anticancer potential of mung bean. Keeping the above facts in view, mung bean should be investigated for its bioactive compounds, to be considered as functional food of the future.
Conditional survival in breast cancer up to 10 years in the Nordic countries
Authors: Zitricky Frantisek , Försti Asta , Hemminki Akseli , Hemminki Kari 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSurvival in breast cancer (BC) has developed favorably but late recurrences are still a problem.MethodsWe model survival data from the NORDCAN database and analyze 1‐, 5‐, and 10‐year relative survival and 5/1‐ and 10/5‐year conditional survival in BC from Denmark (DK), Finland (FI), Norway (NO), and Sweden (SE) between 1971 and 2020. Conditional survival measures survival in those who had survived year 1 to reach year 5 (5/1), or in those who had survived year 5 to reach year 10 (10/5).ResultsAlmost all survival metrics were best for SE but survival in all countries improved in the course of time approaching the SE levels which were 98.3% for 1‐year, 92.3% for 5‐year, and 87.8% for 10‐year survival. Conditional 10/5‐year survival, covering 5 years, was better than 5/1‐year survival, covering 4 years. A contributing factor is most likely the high rate of recurrence in period 2–5 years. The difference was observed for all countries but for DK 10/5‐year survival approached 1‐year survival and for NO and SE 10/5‐year survival was only barely better than 5/1‐year survival. The explanation to this was the excellent 10/5‐year survival in DK compared to SE and particularly to NO. Literature search suggested that the reason for the relatively low 10/5‐year survival in NO might be stagnant survival development in old patients.ConclusionsWe assume that late mortality is critically limiting survival in BC and either interference with the late metastatic process or effective treatment will be key to future improvements in BC survival.
Immigrant collective civic action: Integrating group resilience into the social identity model of collective action
Authors: Verbena Serena , Procentese Fortuna , Gatti Flora , Ciavolino Enrico , Mannarini Terri 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBased on the social identity model of collective action (SIMCA), this study examined factors associated with immigrant collective civic action, while also testing the role of group resilience. A convenience sample of 226 first‐generation immigrants (58.6% female) of different nationalities completed a self‐report questionnaire. Partial least squares path modelling was used to test a model assessing the relationship between national and ethnic identity and collective civic action, mediated by collective efficacy, perceptions of collective unfair treatment, and group resilience. Results confirmed the identity–efficacy pathway to collective civic action for both national and ethnic identity, but not the ethnic identity–injustice or the ethnic identity–group resilience pathways. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Synthesis and Computational Exploration of Morpholine Bearing Halogenated Sulfonamides as Potential Tyrosinase Inhibitors
Authors: Abbasi Muhammad Athar , Raza Hussain , Aziz‐ur‐Rehman  , Siddiqui Sabahat Zahra , Muhammad Shabbir , Khan Farhan Mehmood , Shah Syed Adnan Ali , Al‐Sehemi Abdullah G. , Kim Song Ja 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the presented work, a new series of three different 4‐((3,5‐dichloro‐2‐[(2/4‐halobenzyl)oxy]phenyl)sulfonyl)morpholines was synthesized and the structure of these compounds were corroborated by 1H‐NMR & 13C‐NMR studies. The in vitro results established all the three compounds as potent tyrosinase inhibitors relative to the standard. The Kinetics mechanism plots established that compound 8 inhibited the enzyme non‐competitively. The inhibition constants Ki calculated from Dixon plots for this compound was 0.0025 μM. Additionally, computational techniques were used to explore electronic structures of synthesized compounds. Fully optimized geometries were further docked with tyrosinase enzyme for inhibition studies. Reasonably good binding/interaction energies and intermolecular interactions were obtained. Finally, drug likeness was also predicted using the rule of five (RO5) and Chemical absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) characteristics. It is anticipated that current experimental and computational investigations will evoke the scientific interest of the research community for the above‐entitled compounds.
HPLC and GC Characterization of Dicliptera bupleuroides Aerial Parts and Evaluation of Its Anti‐Inflammatory Potential in Vitro, in silico and in Vivo Using Carrageenan and Formalin Induced Inflammation in Rat Models
Authors: Akbar Shehla , Ishtiaq Saiqa , Youssef Fadia S. , Elhady Sameh S. , Belaid Amal K. , Ashour Mohamed L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe current study aimed to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory activity of Dicliptera bupleuroides Nees aerial parts methanol extract and its different fractions namely hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol in vitro using cyclooxygenase inhibitory assay (COX‐2). In vivo anti‐inflammatory evaluation was performed using carrageenan and formalin induced inflammation in rat models followed by molecular docking. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass chromatography (GC/MS) analyses were used for chemical analyses of the tested samples. The tested samples showed significant inhibition in COX‐2 inhibitory assay where methanol extract (DBM) showed the highest inhibitory potential at 100 μg/mL estimated by 67.86 %. At a dose of 400 mg/kg, all of the examined samples showed pronounced results in carrageenan induced acute inflammation in rat model at 4th h interval with DBM showed the highest efficiency displaying 65.32 % inhibition as compared to the untreated rats. Formalin model was employed for seven days and DBM exhibited 65.33 % and 69.39 % inhibition at 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively approaching that of the standard on the 7th day. HPLC revealed the presence of caffeic acid, gallic acid and sinapic acid, quercetin and myricetin in DBM. GC/MS analysis of its hexane fraction revealed the presence of 16 compounds belonging mainly to fatty acids and sterols that account for 85.26 % of the total detected compounds. Molecular docking showed that hexadecanoic acid followed by decanedioic acid and isopropyl myristate showed the best fitting within cyclooxygenase‐II (COX‐II) while nonacosane followed by hexatriacontane and isopropyl myristate revealed the most pronounced fitting within the 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LOX) active sites. Absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion and toxicity prediction (ADMET/ TOPKAT) concluded that most of the detected compounds showed reasonable pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicity properties that could be further modified to be more suitable for incorporation in pharmaceutical dosage forms combating inflammation and its undesirable consequences.
Segmentation of X‐ray coronary angiography with an artificial intelligence deep learning model: Impact in operator visual assessment of coronary stenosis severity
Authors: Nobre Menezes Miguel , Silva Beatriz , Silva João Lourenço , Rodrigues Tiago , Marques João Silva , Guerreiro Cláudio , Guedes João Pedro , Oliveira‐Santos Manuel , Oliveira Arlindo L. , Pinto Fausto J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundVisual assessment of the percentage diameter stenosis (%DSVE) of lesions is essential in coronary angiography (CAG) interpretation. We have previously developed an artificial intelligence (AI) model capable of accurate CAG segmentation. We aim to compare operators’ %DSVE in angiography versus AI‐segmented images.MethodsQuantitative coronary analysis (QCA) %DS (%DSQCA) was previously performed in our published validation dataset. Operators were asked to estimate %DSVE of lesions in angiography versus AI‐segmented images in separate sessions and differences were assessed using angiography %DSQCA as reference.ResultsA total of 123 lesions were included. %DSVE was significantly higher in both the angiography (77% ± 20% vs. 56% ± 13%, p < 0.001) and segmentation groups (59% ± 20% vs. 56% ± 13%, p < 0.001), with a much smaller absolute %DS difference in the latter. For lesions with %DSQCA of 50%–70% (60% ± 5%), an even higher discrepancy was found (angiography: 83% ± 13% vs. 60% ± 5%, p < 0.001; segmentation: 63% ± 15% vs. 60% ± 5%, p < 0.001). Similar, less pronounced, findings were observed for %DSQCA < 50% lesions, but not %DSQCA > 70% lesions. Agreement between %DSQCA/%DSVE across %DSQCA strata (<50%, 50%–70%, >70%) was approximately twice in the segmentation group (60.4% vs. 30.1%; p < 0.001). %DSVE inter‐operator differences were smaller with segmentation.Conclusion%DSVE was much less discrepant with segmentation versus angiography. Overestimation of %DSQCA < 70% lesions with angiography was especially common. Segmentation may reduce %DSVE overestimation and thus unwarranted revascularization.