bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison and applicability analysis of different evapotranspiration models for maize farmland in the lower Yellow River Plain based on the eddy covariance system
Authors: Ren Xiaojuan , Li Guodong , Zhang Junhua , Ding Shengyan , Wang Jingyu , Li Pengfei , Zhang Man 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Evapotranspiration is an important part of the hydrological cycle and a key indicator to measure hydrological and energy transfer in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC). In this study, maize farmland in the lower Yellow River, an important grain production base in China, was selected as the research object. Based on the actual observation data of the eddy covariance system during the summer maize growth cycle, ten common evapotranspiration estimation models, including the FAO-56 Penman‒Monteith (P-M) model, Hargreaves–Samani (H-S) model, Priestley–Taylor (P-T) model, Makkink (Ma) model, Jensen–Haise (J-H) model, Irmark–Allen (I-A) model, Doorenbos–Pruitt (D-P) model, McCloud (Mc) model, Kimberly–Penman (K-P) model and Abtew (Ab) model, were evaluated in estimating the applicability of the actual evapotranspiration. The mean bias error (MBE), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and index of agreement (D) were chosen as evaluation indices. The Pearson correlation test and principal component analysis methods were used to explore the main influencing factors of actual evapotranspiration. The comprehensive ranking of the applicability of each model in the study area was obtained by synthesizing each index: J-H > P-T > Mc > K-P > I-A > P-M > D-P > Ab > Ma > H-S. it could be concluded that the J-H model was the most suitable in the study area, followed by the P-T model, while the H-S model attained the worst simulation performance. The evapotranspiration of summer maize at the tasseling-milky maturity stage in this region was the highest, and the solar radiation, net radiation and photosynthetically active radiation exhibited a strong correlation with evapotranspiration and greatly impacted evapotranspiration. This study plays an important role in the development of efficient water-saving agriculture, irrigation forecasting and sustainable utilization of water resources in the core area of grain production in China.
Effective and controlling on the electronic properties of the graphene nanoflakes in the presents various concentrations of the B, N, and O impurities
Authors: Omeer Tuqa A. , Mohammed Mohammed H. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Boron, Nitrogen, and oxygen are a promising route for controlling the electronic properties of the graphene nanoflakes. Difference electronic properties of the pristine GNFs and with various concentrations of B, N, and O impurities are calculated by utilizing DFT method. Result represented that the pristine GNFs has an insulator behavior. However, the electronic band gap is reduced by replacing single C atoms with single B or N or O impurities. In fact, we detected that the electronic properties of single (B or N or O)-doped GNFs depended on these impurities and the location of impurities. So, these impurities is altered the behavior of the GNFs from insulator to semiconductor. By increasing the concentrations of the impurities, we detected that the GNFs is still have semiconductor behavior, but the electronic band gap is increased by increasing the number of C atoms between these impurities. Therefore, there are very interesting results. We found out that the electronic properties are depended on the number of C atoms between these impurities. There Fermi level is shifted up with single impurities. However, it is shifted down with two cases of (2B and 4B)-doped GNFs. For stability, these impurities made the GNFs is more stable and lower reactivate due to the total energy is increased by increasing the number of impurities inside the GNFs, but the opposite thing is happen with two cases of (B, 2B, and 4B)-doped GNFs. In brief, these impurities are altered the behavior of the GNFs from insulator to semiconductor and became more established, which can be utilized in various applications.
Resource leveling optimization by hybrid metaheuristics
Authors: Aristotelous Marinos , Nearchou Andreas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConsideration is given to the heuristic solution of the resource leveling problem (RLP) in project scheduling with limited resources. The objective is to minimize the changes in the level of resource usage from period to period over the planning horizon of the project while keeping the project duration fixed. First, we present two novel greedy schedule algorithms for the RLP solution. The performance of the proposed algorithms are investigated as low-level hybrids in the context of three famous population-based heuristics namely,differential evolution(DE),genetic algorithm(GA) andparticle swarm optimization(PSO). Then, we additionally present two new high-level hybridization schemes (HS), referred to herein asparallelandserialHS respectively which combine DE, GA and PSO in a single hybrid solution algorithm. Detailed experimentation over known complex data sets measures the efficiency of the new hybrids. Statistical analysis employed rank the hybrids according to their solution efficiency. Moreover, comparisons between the developed best hybrid and commercial project management software show a substantial higher performance for the former over real-world construction projects.
Direct and indirect photodegradation of bisphenol-A in the presence of natural water components
Authors: Han Yao , Li Lijun , Jin Lu , Zhou Rong , Li Yayu , Jing weiwen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the impact and mechanism of natural water constituents (humic acid, nitrate, iron and chloride ions) on the photodegradation of bisphenol A (BPA) was investigated in aqueous media under simulated UV light irradiation. Results suggested that the contributions of ·OH, 1O2, O2.− and BPA* to BPA photodegradation in pure water were 13.4%, 7.7%, 22.9% and 47.9%, respectively, indicating that direct photodegradation other than self-sensitized photodegradation was the main reaction pathway. Furthermore, the presence of humic acid (HA), nitrate, iron and chloride ions showed different impacts on BPA photodegradation. NO- 3 and NO- 2 both showed inhibitory effect but due to different ROS (reactive oxidization species). In the presence of HA, it was light-screening-induced direct photolysis not quenching effect dominated over the inhibited BPA photodegradation. The photodegradation of BPA was significantly enhanced by the addition of iron because iron-assisted indirect photolysis controlled the degradation process through promoting the production of ·OH and H2O2. Chloride had a dual effect on BPA photodegradation depending on the different concentration levels. Additionally, a simple linear model revealed that the interaction of these factors also significantly impacted BPA photodegradation. In natural water, the decreased photolytic rate of BPA was mainly attributed to triple-excited dissolved organic matter (3DOM*) and indirect photolysis was the primary transformation pathway of BPA. Finally, the detection of photolysis products including nitrate and chlorinated products suggested the possibility of increasing ecological risk of BPA photodegradation.
Women in International Public Leadership: Impacting Foreign Direct Investment by Reducing Corruption and Increasing Healthcare Investment
Authors: Cole Catherine , Dooley Larry , Sandlin Judy , Murano Elsa 
Published: March 2023

A potential solution for an economic challenge — increasing needed foreign direct investment (FDI) — is proposed using a human resource development perspective: equally investing in the development of men and women to serve in public leadership. This cross-sectional, nonexperimental study addressed a void in the literature by examining the impact of women in public leadership on FDI through lowered perceived corruption and increased national investment in healthcare. Structural equation modeling using a simple path model was used to test relationships between observable variables. Results included statistically significant relationships between the number of women in public leadership and lower levels of perceived corruption, between lower levels of perceived corruption and greater national investment in healthcare, and between greater national investment in healthcare and increased FDI countries received. Additionally, a fully mediated, indirect relationship between the number of women in public leadership and FDI countries received was statistically significant. That is, as the number of women increased within governments, levels of perceived corruption decreased, national investment in healthcare increased, and FDI increased. Ultimately, this study provides empirical results professionals and institutions can use to advocate for gender equitable vertically integrated human resource development, particularly within developing countries, to promote FDI and its related benefits. Keywords: women, public leadership, corruption, foreign direct investment, healthcare
Integrating Care and Critical Reflection in Women's Leadership Development Programs
Authors: Frkal Robin 
Published: March 2023

Women's leadership development programs (WLDPs) have been suggested as programmatic additions for achieving gender-equity in organizational contexts. These programs are conceptualized as transformative learning spaces affording women the opportunity to explore uncritically examined assumptions and create new perspectives of themselves as leaders. This paper explains how these types of transformative learning environments are predicated on dialogue that encourages critical reflection in the context of caring relationships. Recognizing that women may arrive in leadership programs with varied capacities for both relational learning and critical reflection, this paper seeks to explore the communication practices needed to create the dialogic conditions of care and critical reflection. It outlines the results of a qualitative study that examined critical incidents of dialogue in a women's leadership development program to demonstrate the ways in which facilitators communicate to create these conditions. The results suggest how taking a communication perspective on dialogue may increase a facilitator's capacity to integrate care and critical reflection.
Would You Send Your Daughter to Howard? Historically Black Colleges and Universities Advancing Black Women in Leadership
Authors: Yeboah Amy 
Published: March 2023

In this article, we address the influence of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) on Black women’s participation in American politics. Focusing on the rise and record number of Black women running and winning political office in 2018, a remarkable list of over 400 Black women candidates were collected. Focusing on lives of three Black women whose dedication, determination, leadership, and activism are shifting the American political; Kamala Harris, Stacey Abrams, Lucy McBath, its evident that HBCUs have empowered Black women to continue to lead, make a change and break barriers in American politics. These results highlight some of the long-term impacts supporting HBCU environments has created for Black women in politics and America.

Keywords: black women, politics, underpresented, gender, leadership, historically black colleges and universitites
Men’s Perceptions of the Value of Women Leaders in Higher Education
Authors: Jones Stephanie J. , Ryan Pal Patricia 
Published: March 2023

This qualitative research study, framed by social role theory, explored the perceptions of 20 men faculty and academic administrators at doctoral-granting highest research-intensive universities located in the Southwestern region of the U.S. The focus of the study was their perceptions of the value of women leaders, the differences between how men and women are valued in higher education, and the stereotypes and challenges that contribute to how women are valued as leaders. Findings from this study show that men faculty and administrators do not always value women as leaders; differences between academia and industry may exist surrounding how women are valued as leaders; institutional leadership may perpetuate the devaluation of women as leaders; and the value of women in higher education leadership remains a reflection of how women are valued in society. Differences between how men and women are valued were also explored, finding that men faculty and administrators may not see the differences in value based on gender; gender differences exist in regards to standards for evaluation and reward in higher education; and women are perceived to devalue themselves. Challenges that contribute to how women are valued were identified, including the continuation of homosociality that promotes men supporting other men, and the existence of stereotypes and biases that give men an advantage and undermine women in leadership roles.

Keywords: social value, women’s leadership, gender
A method of estimating imperviousness for the catchment modelling of urban environments
Authors: Gong Siming , Ball James , Surawski Nicholas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Urban impervious surfaces, a symbol of urbanisation, have permanently changed urban hydrology behaviour and play a critical role in modelling rainfall-runoff process. The distribution pattern of impervious surfaces is intrinsically connected with functional land zoning schemes. However, estimating impervious fractions for catchment modelling is becoming increasingly difficult due to intricate land zoning categories and heterogeneous land use land cover (LULC) during urbanisation. This study demonstrates an integrated approach of deep learning (DL) and grid sampling method to overcome the challenges of LULC classification, sample standardisation and statistical sample extraction. The classified impervious features were extracted within the land zoning scope and translated into polynomial functions using a probability-fitting approach to measure the occurrence likelihood distribution of samples' impervious fraction. Then, we use the information entropy (IE) to evaluate prediction stability by quantifying the condition entropy and information gain (IG) from each functional land zones to the occurrence likelihood of different impervious fraction intervals. The DL model shows robust LULC prediction, while probability-fitting study of impervious samples reflects the distribution differential of impervious fractions under the land zoning categories. The IE stability test shows a robust approach that clarifies different confident ranges of imperviousness estimation based on land zoning information.
Spatiotemporal analysis of water quality indicators in a watershed in Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Castro Raysa Moraes , Marcionilio Suzana Maria Loures de Oliveira , Morais Wilker Alves , Alves Wellmo dos Santos , Oliveira Lucas Duarte , Teixeira Marconi Batista , Oliveira Dener Márcio da Silva 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Tools for monitoring and evaluating water quality are necessary for the measurement of environmental impacts arising from diverse activities in hydrographic basins. Here, the water quality of the Verdinho River, an important hydrographic basin of Brazilian Cerrado, was evaluated using 16 physical–chemical parameters. The indicators with major interference with water quality were identified by principal component analysis (PCA), in order to suggest less laborious and less expensive assessments. The water quality index (WQI) was applied considering seasonal changes and the analysis of eutrophication potential was determined using the trophic state index (TSI). The concentrations of chemical water quality indicators (e.g., nitrate, total phosphorus, total nitrogen) increased mainly in the rainy season. The PCA explained 73.69% of the variance among the data. Total solids, temperature, turbidity, alkalinity, biochemical oxygen demand, hardness, total phosphorus, nitrite, nitrate and ammonia showed strong correlations. The water quality was classified in the ‘good’ category in most of the evaluations. The TSI presented conditions between mesotrophic and eutrophic. The indicators that are analyzed seasonally and spatially are associated with natural and anthropic factors. The future implementation of a water catchment project water depends on environmental planning strategies to reduce the impacts on the water quality of this hydrographic basin.
The Health Care Utilization and Medical Costs in Long-Term Follow-Up of Children Diagnosed With Leukemia, Solid Tumor, or Brain Tumor: Population-Based Study Using the National Health Insurance Claims Data
Authors: Miser James S , Shia Ben-Chang , Kao Yi-Wei , Liu Yen-Lin , Chen Shih-Yen , Ho Wan-Ling 
Published: March 2023

Background
Childhood cancer survivors are at a high risk of medical consequences of their disease and treatment. There is growing information about the long-term health issues of childhood cancer survivors; however, there are very few studies describing the health care utilization and costs for this unique population. Understanding their utilization of health care services and costs will provide the basis for developing strategies to better serve these individuals and potentially reduce the cost.

Objective
This study aims to determine the utilization of health services and costs for long-term survivors of childhood cancer in Taiwan.

Methods
This is a nationwide, population-based, retrospective case-control study. We analyzed the claims data of the National Health Insurance that covers 99% of the Taiwanese population of 25.68 million. A total of 33,105 children had survived for at least 5 years after the first appearance of a diagnostic code of cancer or a benign brain tumor before the age of 18 years from 2000 to 2010 with follow-up to 2015. An age- and gender-matched control group of 64,754 individuals with no cancer was randomly selected for comparison. Utilization was compared between the cancer and no cancer groups by χ2 test. The annual medical expense was compared by the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test.

Results
At a median follow-up of 7 years, childhood cancer survivors utilized a significantly higher proportion of medical center, regional hospital, inpatient, and emergency services in contrast to no cancer individuals: 57.92% (19,174/33,105) versus 44.51% (28,825/64,754), 90.66% (30,014/33,105) versus 85.70% (55,493/64,754), 27.19% (9000/33,105) versus 20.31% (13,152/64,754), and 65.26% (21,604/33,105) versus 59.36% (38,441/64,754), respectively (all P<.001). The annual total expense (median, interquartile range) of childhood cancer survivors was significantly higher than that of the comparison group (US $285.56, US $161.78-US $535.80 per year vs US $203.90, US $118.98-US $347.55 per year; P<.001). Survivors with female gender, diagnosis before the age of 3 years, and diagnosis of brain cancer or a benign brain tumor had significantly higher annual outpatient expenses (all P<.001). Moreover, the analysis of outpatient medication costs showed that hormonal and neurological medications comprised the 2 largest costs in brain cancer and benign brain tumor survivors.

Conclusions
Survivors of childhood cancer and a benign brain tumor had higher utilization of advanced health resources and higher costs of care. The design of the initial treatment plan minimizing long-term consequences, early intervention strategies, and survivorship programs have the potential to mitigate costs of late effects due to childhood cancer and its treatment.
Removing Biases in Communication of Severity Assessments of Intimate Partner Violence: Model Development and Evaluation
Authors: Sikstrom Sverker , Dahl Mats , Claesdotter-Knutsson Emma 
Published: March 2023

Background
To support a victim of violence and establish the correct penalty for the perpetrator, it is crucial to correctly evaluate and communicate the severity of the violence. Recent data have shown these communications to be biased. However, computational language models provide opportunities for automated evaluation of the severity to mitigate the biases.

Objective
We investigated whether these biases can be removed with computational algorithms trained to measure the severity of violence described.

Methods
In phase 1 (P1), participants (N=71) were instructed to write some text and type 5 keywords describing an event where they experienced physical violence and 1 keyword describing an event where they experienced psychological violence in an intimate partner relationship. They were also asked to rate the severity. In phase 2 (P2), another set of participants (N=40) read the texts and rated them for severity of violence on the same scale as in P1. We also quantified the text data to word embeddings. Machine learning was used to train a model to predict the severity ratings.

Results
For physical violence, there was a greater accuracy bias for humans (r2=0.22) compared to the computational model (r2=0.31; t38=–2.37, P=.023). For psychological violence, the accuracy bias was greater for humans (r2=0.058) than for the computational model (r2=0.35; t38=–14.58, P<.001). Participants in P1 experienced psychological violence as more severe (mean 6.46, SD 1.69) than participants rating the same events in P2 (mean 5.84, SD 2.80; t86=–2.22, P=.029<.05), whereas no calibration bias was found for the computational model (t134=1.30, P=.195). However, no calibration bias was found for physical violence for humans between P1 (mean 6.59, SD 1.81) and P2 (mean 7.54, SD 2.62; t86=1.32, P=.19) or for the computational model (t134=0.62, P=.534). There was no difference in the severity ratings between psychological and physical violence in P1. However, the bias (ie, the ratings in P2 minus the ratings in P1) was highly negatively correlated with the severity ratings in P1 (r2=0.29) and in P2 (r2=0.37), whereas the ratings in P1 and P2 were somewhat less correlated (r2=0.11) using the psychological and physical data combined.

Conclusions
The results show that the computational model mitigates accuracy bias and removes calibration biases. These results suggest that computational models can be used for debiasing the severity evaluations of violence. These findings may have application in a legal context, prioritizing resources in society and how violent events are presented in the media.
Analisis Pengaruh Investasi Terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja Melalui Variabel Produk Domestik Regional Bruto di Indonesia
Authors: Taqiyyuddin Fadlullah 
Published: March 2023

This study aims to find out how the influence of FDI investment, PMDN investment on Labor Absorption through the Indonesian Gross Regional Domestic Product variable in 2016-2021. The analytical tool used is Path analysis using panel data. The results showed that domestic investment and foreign direct investment had a positive and significant effect on PDRB. PMA and PMDN investments have a negative and significant effect on the workforce. PDRB has a positive and significant influence on the workforce.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh investasi FDI, investasi PMDN terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja melalui variabel Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Indonesia tahun 2016-2021. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah Path analysis dengan menggunakan data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PMDN dan PMA berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap PDRB. Investasi PMA dan PMDN berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap angkatan kerja. PDRB berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap angkatan kerja.