bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of p53 as Potential Biomarker in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: An Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Kamala K. A. , Kanetkar Sujata R. , Datkhile Kailash D. , Sankethguddad S. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is potentially malignant disorder known to transform into oral cancer. The malignant transformation is often associated with changes at the genetic level that in turn is reflected by the altered expression of proteins related to cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis. Expression of p53 tumor suppressor gene is one of the common findings in human cancers including the oral cancer. Therefore, the early detection of potentially malignant OSMF has been crucial in the inhibition of oral cancer.

Aim and Objectives:
To determine the main pathological logical factors and expression of aberrant p53 in OSMF, oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) and in normal patients, to study correlation between p53 expression with clinical staging and histological grading of OSMF.

Materials and Methods:
An immunohistochemical (IHC) study was performed for p53 expression on 35 cases of OSMF, 10 cases of OSCC with history of habits and 10 normal patients without any habits.

Results:
The expression of p53 showed a significant difference between normal oral mucosa, OSMF and OSCC samples.

Conclusion:
The study demonstrated a high incidence of p53 over expression in OSMF and OSCC. The results indicate that p53 over expression may play a role in pathogenesis of OSMF and in the development of Oral squamous cell carcinoma. With early detection of the high-risk patients with OSMF, we can expect to develop more intensive treatment modalities, leading to the reduction in cancer transformation rate from OSMF.
Erosive Gastroesophageal reflux disease – are we missing pulmonary symptoms?
Authors: Kundukulangara Saji Sebastian 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition that affects about 20- 30% of the adult population, presenting with a broad spectrum of symptoms and varying degrees of severity and frequency. Extra esophageal manifestations like respiratory symptoms are being increasingly recognized. There are only very few studies on the prevalence of pulmonary symptoms in patients with erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Aim:
The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of pulmonary symptoms in patients with erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease,

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study done on 100 patients diagnosed based on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy findings. Patients were first interviewed about GERD symptoms using the GERD Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire. Then the respiratory symptoms are assessed. Demographic details are recorded in a proforma. Pulmonary function tests were done on all the patients. Upper GI endoscopic findings are graded according to Los Angeles (LA) grading from A to D

Results:
The prevalence of pulmonary symptoms was 60%. The most prevalent symptom was a cough, then followed by dyspnoea on exertion, chest pain, wheezing, and snoring. There was a significant association found between LA grading and pulmonary symptoms like wheezing, cough, chest pain, and hoarseness of voice. No significant association was found between GERD duration and pulmonary symptoms. There was a statistically significant association found between LA grading and pulmonary function test. No association was found between quality of life scoring and pulmonary symptoms.

Conclusion:
There was a high prevalence of pulmonary symptoms in patients with erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease. Erosive GERD can affect pulmonary function according to severity. There was no association between prolonged GERD and pulmonary symptoms.
A study to assess the effectiveness of warm foot bath therapy on the reduction of blood pressure among hypertensive patients attending a tertiary care setting
Authors: Ignasimuthu Arockiamary , Parimala Singaram 
Published: May 2023

Background:
The goal of hypertension management is to keep blood pressure within normal bounds while also enhancing elderly patients’ quality of life and health. Warm foot baths are a straightforward, affordable, and effective therapy method that can be used in naturopathy to alleviate hypertension.

Materials and Methods:
This study used a quasi-experimental design that included two groups, the hypertensive intervention group and hypertensive control group, which was studied over 3 months between March 2020 and May 2020. The necessary ethical committee permissions with reference number VMRF/2020/037 and informed consent from all the patients included have been obtained properly before proceeding with the study.

Results:
Among the 100 individuals involved in the study, 53% were males and 47% were females. The mean age among the intervention group was 53.62 ± 7.26, and 52.84 ± 6.47 among the control group. The majority of the males included in the study were nonsmokers (69.8%). The mean ± standard deviation of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the intervention group during the pretest phase was 157.3 ± 13.4 and 88.1 ± 9.4, whereas, after the intervention of foot bath therapy, the measurements of SBP and DBP were reduced significantly to 133.8 ± 9.7 and 76.9 ± 7.2, which was statistically significant with a P value < 0.001.

Conclusion:
Warm foot bath soak therapy is anticipated to be used as a nonpharmacological treatment for hypertension in older patients.
Comparative study of epidural fentanyl with bupivacaine and epidural tramadol with bupivacaine for postoperative pain management in orthopedic lower limb surgeries
Authors: Rao Yarramsetti V. , Nadimpalli Hari K. V. , Kutikuppala Lakshmi V. S. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Pain is a complex subjective sensation that is difficult to quantify in a repeatable manner. Surgical pain is observed to be more intense post-surgery and then fades in the next 24 h. Epidural anesthesia/analgesia is the most widely used technique for lower limb surgeries because of its good sensory and motor block property, reduces stress response, and maintains sufficient spontaneous respiration and hemodynamic stability.

Materials and Methods:
The study looked at 100 individuals between the ages of 20 and 60 who underwent elective lower limb surgery and were classified as ASA I and II. The patients were split into two 50-person groups. The adverse effects of nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, urine retention, and pruritus, as well as the quality and duration of postoperative analgesia, were investigated. The patient was monitored for 48 h after surgery.

Results:
A total of 100 patients were included in the study, where the least age of the patient was 19 years and the greatest age was 75 years. In group T, maximum patients belong to the age group of 26–35 years, whereas in group F maximum patients belong to the age group of 36–45years. In group T, 41 (82%) were males and 9 (18%) were females. In group F, 37 (74%) were males and 13 (26%) were females.

Conclusion:
Our findings show that epidural tramadol and epidural fentanyl are equally effective, except for fentanyl’s shorter duration of action. Fentanyl also has a moderate sedative effect, which is beneficial in the postoperative period.
Burden and determinants of substance abuse among urban adolescents of Shimla city
Authors: Thakur Rakesh , Dhadwal Dineshwar S. , Chauhan Tripti , Barwal Vijay Kumar 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Substance abuse is a major but neglected public health problem across the globe. Most of the time it starts during adolescence, which is also considered a critical risk period for the initiation of substance use.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study to estimate the prevalence and determine the association of socio-demographic and other risk factors with substance abuse among adolescents in an urban area of Himachal Pradesh. A multi-stage cluster with probability proportional to size sampling technique was followed and a semi-structured, pretested questionnaire was used as the study tool.

Results:
We studied a total of 728 participants and 39.6% were females. The mean age was 15.6 ± 1.3 years. Out of these, 12.1% reported any substance abuse earlier in their lifetime. Among ever users, most commonly abused substance was alcohol (8.9%), followed by smoked tobacco (7.1%), bhang (3.7%), hard liquor (2.8%), charas/ganja (1.4%), chewing tobacco (1.4%), inhalants (fluid/eraser) 0.82%, prescription drugs (cough syrup/tablets 0.69% and injecting drugs 0.27%), Chitta (0.27%), opium and heroin with 0.14% each. On multiple logistic regression analysis, male gender (AOR=1.82), among friend’s tobacco smoking (AOR=2.33), alcohol abuse (AOR=4.52), and cannabis abuse (AOR=2.99) were found to be associated with an increased likelihood of substance abuse. High socio-economic status (AOR=0.59) and tobacco chewing among friends (AOR=0.49) had a protective effect on indulgence in substance abuse.

Conclusion:
The influence of peers played the most significant predictor while the presence of substance abuse in the family was also associated with an increased likelihood of abuse by adolescents.
Correlation of resting scapular position and functional throwing performance index among amateur basketball players
Authors: Joshi Reema , Pohekar Varun 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Scapular dyskinesis is prevalent in 54.5% of overhead athletes. Scapular dyskinesis is abnormal positioning of the scapula over the thorax and also abnormal motions of the scapula. Any alterations to the normal scapular position may alter the accuracy of striking and serving in basketball players. This study aims to find out the relation between the resting scapular position and the throwing accuracy of players.

Results:
The research suggests that there is a moderate correlation present between the resting scapular position and the throwing accuracy of the players.

Conclusion:
In this study, results state that the resting position of the scapula plays an important role in power generation and biomechanics of throwing in overhead athletes affecting the throwing accuracy of players.
Awareness and perception of public/civil servants toward the National Health Insurance Scheme in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: James Ezekiel , Abiodun Olaiya P. , Sanni Olaniyi F. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Nigeria’s healthcare system has been characterized by a decline in healthcare service providers due to the inability of governments to adequately fund healthcare services over the years. Thus, this study aims to assess the knowledge and perception among public/civil servants toward the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted using mixed qualitative and quantitative research methods. The study employed a descriptive research design that is also comparative. Data were collected using questionnaires and presented and analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 25.0 for Windows with the help of tables and graphs.

Results:
Most respondents were aware of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS), but there was an overall unimpressive perception of NHIS funding, cost, and coverage. Age, gender, marital status, education, and grade level were not considerably associated with knowledge of NHIS (P > 0.05), but those spending more than 5000.00 Nigerian Naira (NGN) monthly on medical bills were more aware of NHIS than those paying ≤2000 (P < 0.05). The perception of NHIS was not significantly associated with gender, marital status, grade level, education attainment, and monthly expenses on healthcare services (P > 0.05) but was significantly associated with age.

Conclusion:
The study concluded that there is a high awareness of NHIS among the study respondents, although not all had in-depth knowledge of the operations of the health insurance scheme. More efforts are required to increase awareness of NHIS and its benefits among public/civil servants in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria, to improve participation in the scheme.
Imaging and clinical perspectives of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis
Authors: Qaseem Syed M. Danish , Monis Mohd , Ibbrahim Aiman , Khalid Mohd 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
To study the imaging and clinical perspectives of a recent epidemic of rhinocerebral mucormycosis during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) pandemic in India.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study included clinical and imaging data of 24 diagnosed cases of acute rhinocerebral mucormycosis who were presented to our hospital in May 2021. The clinical profile and imaging data of the patients were documented.

Results:
18 patients (75.0%) had moderate to severe COVID-19 illness with a history of oral or intravenous corticosteroid intake. 19 patients (79.2%) had presented with hyperglycemia at the time of admission. Nasal discharges with or without black crusts and facial swelling (79.2%) were the most commonly reported complaints, followed by headaches or facial pain (62.5%). All cases demonstrated the involvement of one or more paranasal sinuses in imaging, with predominantly unilateral involvement. Extra sinusoidal involvement was commonly seen, with abnormalities seen in retromaxillary and masticator space, orbit, face, oral cavity, pterygopalatine fossa, and deep spaces of the neck, cavernous sinus, and brain.

Conclusion:
An upsurge of mucormycosis cases during the COVID-19 pandemic appears to be closely related to uncontrolled hyperglycemia and corticosteroid therapy. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are invaluable in establishing an early diagnosis, defining the extent of disease, and helping in immediate surgical planning.
Shear-wave splitting perspectives from the intense aftershock sequence of Damasi – Tyrnavos
Authors: Kaviris George 
Published: May 2023

The area of Damasi-Tyrnavos (Thessaloniki, Central Greece), in the vicinity of Larissa, was characterized by low seismic activity during the last decades. Two strong earthquakes of Mw = 6.3 and Mw = 6.0 The area of Damasi – Tyrnavos (Thessaly, Central Greece), in the vicinity of Larissa, was characterized occurred in early March 2021, followed by an intense aftershock sequence, related to WNW-ESE to NW-SE oriented faulting. This sequence was recorded by a dense local seismological network that provided a rich dataset and a unique opportunity to investigate upper crust shear-wave splitting for the first time in the study area. A fully automated technique, employing the eigenvalues method and cluster analysis, was implemented to measure the fast shear-wave polarization direction and the time-delay between the two split-shear-waves. This procedure yielded 655 results of adequate quality grade at 9 stations, after analyzing 1602 events and applying strict selection criteria, including the shear-wave window. The measured directions revealed a complex upper crust anisotropic regime. WNW-ESE to NW-SE, in accordance both with the APE model, being parallel to the local 𝜎 Hmax direction, and the strike of the fault planes. On the other hand, stations at the central part exhibit NNW-SSE and NNE-SSW anisotropy directions. An interesting feature is that the two northern stations are characterized by larger normalized time-delay values, possibly related to the migration of seismicity to the north during the initial stage of the seismic sequence.
Pengaruh Engagement Learning dan Kecerdasan Emosional terhadap Pembentukan Karakter Mahasiswa Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Abdi Allah
Authors: Susanti Lidia , Riung Anna Mahdalena , Mujianto Yonathan 
Published: May 2023

Engagement learning can be an alternative to an effective learning approach, namely by involving students to focus on the learning process, in addition to training, developing learning abilities, potential students, practicing to think critically and being responsive to information received. Another factor is the emotional intelligence of students so that students have the ability to think and make the right decisions in solving problems. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of engagement learning and emotional intelligence on the formation of student character. This study used a quantitative method: ex post facto non-probability sampling with 40 students from the Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Abdi Allah as participants. The results of the analysis in this study, with a significance level of 5%. The determination test shows that there is an effect of engagement learning and emotional intelligence on the formation of student character by 45.2%. AbstrakEngagement learning dapat menjadi alternatif pendekatan pembelajaran yang efektif, yaitu dengan melibatkan peserta didik fokus pada proses pembelajaran, selain itu untuk melatih, mengembangkan kemampuan belajar, potensi peserta didik, berlatih untuk berpikir kritis serta tanggap terhadap informasi yang diterima. Faktor lainnya adalah kecerdasan emosional peserta didik sehingga peserta didik mempunyai kesanggupan berpikir dan mengambil keputusan yang tepat dalam menyelesaikan masalah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat pengaruh engagement learning dan kecerdasan emosional terhadap pembentukan karakter mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif: ex post facto-non propability sampling dengan partisipan 40 mahasiswa Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Abdi Allah. Hasil analisa pada penelitian ini, dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Uji determinasi menunjukkan adanya pengaruh engagement learning dan kecerdasan emosional terhadap pembentukan karakter mahasiswa sebesar 45,2 %.
Civic Virtue dalam Pendidikan Kristen guna Memperkuat Etika Digital di Era 4.0
Authors: Rahmelia Silvia , Apandie Chris 
Published: May 2023

Along with changes in citizens’ socio-cultural order due to disruption era in industrial revolution 4.0, civic virtue as a part of citizens’ character internalization needs to be strengthened in order to established digital ethics in the 4.0 era. It could be implemented through citizenship education in Higher Education, but also deemed necessary in Christian education through general way so that citizens well to continue to prioritize civic virtues/ethical responses as Christians. The purpose of internalizing civic virtue in Christian education to established digital ethics in the 4.0 era will discuss the following propositions civic virtue in the digital era (internet of things) and civic virtue in Christian education. This study uses library research. It is hoped that this thought construction could strengthen Indonesian citizens’ mindset on the praxis by the virtues from God. Thus, citizens can be consistent in implementing the principles of reason and values when dealing with all the challenges resulting from the sophistication of industrial technology 4.0. AbstrakSeiring dengan berubahnya tatanan sosial budaya warga negara akibat disrupsi di era revolusi industri 4.0, civic virtue sebagai bagian dari internalisasi karakter warga negara perlu diperkuat dalam penerapan etika digital di era 4.0. Penguatan dapat dilakukan tidak hanya melalui pendidikan kewarganegaraan di Perguruan Tinggi, namun juga dipandang perlu dalam pendidikan Kristen secara umum sehingga warga negara dapat tetap mengedepankan adab-adab kewarganegaraan sebagai umat Kristiani. Tujuan internalisasi civic virtue dalam pendidikan Kristen guna memperkuat penerapan etika digital di era 4.0 akan membahas proposisi civic virtue di era digital (internet of things) dan adab kewarganegaraan (civic virtue) dalam pendidikan Kristen. Kajian ini menggunakan studi kepustakaan. Diharapkan konstruksi pemikiran ini dapat memperkuat pola pikir warga negara Indonesia pada praksis nilai-nilai kebajikan yang berasal dari Tuhan. Dengan demikian, warga negara dapat konsisten dalam mengimplementasikan prinsip nalar dan nilai ketika berhadapan dengan segala tantangan yang dihasilkan dari kecanggihan teknologi industri 4.0.
Pendidikan Kristen bagi Anak Terdampak Kekerasan
Authors: Nadapdap Adventus , Prayitno Iky Sumarthina P. 
Published: May 2023

Generally, children who live under the caring in orphanages are affected by violence, particularly for those are neglected by families in the past. One of responsibilities of HKI Zarphat Orphanage is to offer Christian education for children. Therefore, an effective Christian education for children of violent victims is necessary to help a better spiritual, emotional and intellectual growth. Up to present, there is no research that examines such case, which now obviously becomes the demand. This research offers qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques of the observatory, interviews and literature study. The Study found that the educational method at The Zarfat HKI Orphanage which intentionally to improve children’s spiritual, emotional and intellectual intelligence was less effective. Further studies are needed to develop a Christian education system that can be applied to children of violent victims brought up in orphanages. AbstrakPada umumnya, anak-anak yang diasuh di panti asuhan adalah anak-anak yang terkena dampak kekerasan, terutama penelantaran oleh keluarga di masa lalu. Salah satu tanggung jawab Panti Asuhan HKI Zarfat adalah memberikan pendidikan Kristen bagi anak-anak. Oleh karena itu, pendidikan Kristen yang efektif bagi anak-anak korban kekerasan penting untuk membantu pertumbuhan spiritual, emosional dan intelektual yang lebih baik serta perkembangan intelektual mereka. Sampai saat ini belum ada penelitian yang mengkaji dampak pendidikan Kristen di panti asuhan terhadap anak korban kekerasan. Untuk itu perlu dikaji dampak Pendidikan Kristen untuk spiritual, emosional, dan intelektual anak-anak Panti Asuhan Zarfat HKI. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara dan studi kepustakaan. Studi ini menemukan bahwa metode pendidikan di Panti Asuhan Zarfat HKI kurang efektif dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual, emosional dan intelektual anak. Diperlukan studi lebih lanjut untuk mengembangkan sistem pendidikan Kristen yang dapat diterapkan pada anak-anak korban kekerasan yang dibesarkan di panti asuhan.