bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divergent trait responses to nitrogen addition in tall and short species
Authors: Cheng Yikang , Liu Xiang , Song Zhiping , Ma Miaojun , Zhou Shurong , Allan Eric 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Asymmetrical light competition and direct detrimental effect of nitrogen have been proposed as two main mechanisms driving species richness declines following nitrogen (N) addition. N addition is also known to alter functional trait composition towards increased dominance of tall and fast‐growing species. However, whether trait changes vary between species and, in particular, how the traits of tall and short species respond to N addition has rarely been studied. Understanding whether different trait changes occur for tall and short species would provide insight into mechanisms underlying N addition effects.

Based on a long‐term N addition experiment, we measured the natural height of 44 plant species and the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) at seven heights in the vegetation and identified a clear stratification of the plant community into tall species (>30 cm tall), which experienced high light conditions, and short species that grew under the canopy. We also measured four functional traits, including maximum plant height, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content and leaf thickness, on 35 species that occurred in fertilized and unfertilized plots.

Structural equation modelling revealed that nitrogen (N) addition significantly reduced species richness by enhancing light asymmetry and had no direct effects, suggesting that N detrimental effects are negligible in our system. Consistent with this, we found different responses of traits and diversity for the tall and short species. Specifically, N addition reduced the number of short species but increased the number of tall species. In addition, specific leaf area increased, and leaf dry matter content decreased, for short species only, suggesting that they shifted to a fast growth strategy to cope with lower light levels. In contrast, tall species increased their height further to capture more light at the top of the canopy.

Synthesis. The divergent trait responses observed for tall and short species show that although certain traits, like height and leaf traits, show correlated responses at the whole community level, these correlations may not be consistent across all species. Together, our results highlight that light competition is the main mechanism driving species loss following N addition.
Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus induces BmFABP1 downregulation to promote viral proliferation
Authors: Wang Xiong , Ma Guangyu , Ren Feifei , Awais Mian Muhammad , Sun Jingchen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) play an important role as endogenous cytoprotectants. However, studies on FABPs in invertebrates are scarce. Previously, we discovered Bombyx mori fatty acid binding protein 1 (BmFABP1) through co‐immunoprecipitation. Here, we cloned and identified BmFABP1 from BmN cells. The results of immunofluorescence indicated that BmFABP1 was localized in the cytoplasm. The tissue expression profile of silkworms showed that BmFABP1 was expressed in all tissues except hemocytes. The expression level of BmFABP1 gradually decreases in BmN cells and B. mori larvae after infection with B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV). Upregulation of BmFABP1 expression through overexpression or WY14643 treatment significantly inhibited the replication of BmNPV, while downregulation of BmFABP1 expression by RNA interference promoted the replication of BmNPV. The same results were obtained in experiments on silkworm larvae. These results suggest that BmNPV induces BmFABP1 downregulation to promote its proliferation and that BmFABP1 has a potential anti‐BmNPV role. This is the first report on the antiviral effect of BmFABP1 in silkworms and provides new insights into the study of the FABP protein family. Also, it is important to study BmNPV resistance in silkworms to breed transgenic silkworms with BmNPV resistance.
Effect of different final irrigation agitation techniques on root canal dentin tubule penetration of nanoparticle calcium hydroxide dressing
Authors: Solakoğlu Elif , Topçuoğlu Hüseyin Sinan , Düzgün Salih 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study is aimed to assess the efficacy of different final irrigation agitation techniques on dentin tubule penetration of nanoparticle calcium hydroxide (NCH) dressing. Ninety‐six extracted upper incisors were shaped up to #40file. Then, Four experimental groups were formed according to the final irrigation procedure: conventional needle irrigation (CNI), manual dynamic agitation (MDA), sonic agitation (SA) and ultrasonic irrigant agitation (UIA). According to the intracanal drug used, these groups were divided into two subgroups: calcium hydroxide (CH) and NCH. Prepared CH preparations were labelled with Rhodamine B, and CH or NCH were placed in root canals. In the UIA group, both CH and NCH had the highest penetration depth and percentage compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). The penetration depth and percentage of NCH in the UIA and SA groups were significantly higher than in the CH groups (p < 0.05). UIA is more effective than other groups in increasing dentinal tubule penetration of CH and NCH.
Diagnostic outcomes after colposcopy at a tertiary clinic for women aged 50–74 referred after detection of oncogenic human papillomavirus at primary screening
Authors: Tan Jeffery H. J. , Jones Antonia , Steele Angela , Vicario Estefania , Wrede C. David H. 
Published: May 2023

AimsTo examine outcomes in women aged 50–74 years after detection of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) at cervical screening.Materials and methodsA retrospective observational study of 464 women seen in the Royal Women's Hospital Colposcopy Clinic from 1 January 2018 to 31 July 2020, 292 (62.9%) were positive for HPV16/18 and 172 (37.1%) for HPV (not 16/18).ResultsFifty‐four women (11.6%) had histologically proven CIN2+ including seven cancers, up to two years after first colposcopy visit (FCV): 48 (88.9%) detected at FCV or at excisional treatment (Excision) arranged after no CIN2+ detected at FCV. There was no significant difference (P = 0.14) in proportion of CIN2+ detected between the two groups, ‘HPV16/18’ (9.9%) or ‘HPV (not 16/18)’ (14.5%), nor with reflex cytology types. The positive predictive value (PPV) of high‐grade impression at colposcopy was 63.6%. There were 243 (52.4%) who had Type 3 transformation zone (TZ3) with 20 CIN2+ detected, 13 at FCV including all three cancers and five at Excision. There were 214 (73.3%) with positive HPV16/18 who had reflex negative cytology, of which seven had CIN2+ including one cancer but only two (1.4%) CIN2+ when their repeat cytology at colposcopy was negative.ConclusionsMost CIN2+ were detected at first colposcopy or at subsequent excision. We would encourage high biopsy rates at colposcopy and vigilance in selection for excisional treatment in TZ3 cases if there is no significant suspicion of high‐grade abnormality. There is a need to refine the algorithm for management of persistent HPV16/18 infections with reflex negative cytology to reduce colposcopy referrals in women aged 50 and above.
CYP2C19 loss‐of‐function alleles are not associated with higher prevalence of gastrointestinal bleeds in those who have been prescribed antidepressants: Analysis in a British‐South Asian cohort
Authors: Magavern Emma F. , van Heel David A. ,   Genes & Health Research Team, Smedley Damian , Caulfield Mark J. 
Published: May 2023

AimsCYP2C19 is a hepatic enzyme involved in the metabolism of antidepressants associated with increased gastrointestinal bleed (GIB) risk. The aim of our study was to explore a possible association between loss‐of‐function CYP2C19 genotypes and GIB in South Asian ancestry participants prescribed antidepressants.MethodsGenes & Health participants with a record in Barts Health NHS Trust (N 22 753) were studied using a cross‐sectional approach. CYP2C19 diplotypes were assessed and metabolizer type inferred from consortia guidance. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the prevalence of GIB in different metabolizer categories. Multivariable regression was used to test for association between antidepressant prescriptions and GIB, and between CYP2C19 metabolizer state and GIB in the subcohort prescribed antidepressants.ResultsAntidepressants were frequently prescribed (47%, N = 10 612). A total of 864 participants (4%) had a GIB; 534 (62%) had been prescribed a CYP2C19 metabolized antidepressant. There was an independent association between antidepressant prescriptions and GIB events (odds ratio 1.8, confidence interval 1.5‐2.0, P < 0.0001). There was no relationship between CYP2C19 inferred poor (P 0.56) or intermediate (P 0.53) metabolizer status and GIB in those prescribed an antidepressant in unadjusted analysis. A multivariable logistic regression model did not show an independent association between poor (P 0.54) or intermediate (P 0.62) CYP2C19 metabolizers and GIB in the subcohort prescribed antidepressants.ConclusionsCYP2C19 dependent antidepressants are associated with increased GIB prevalence. GIB appeared independent from CYP2C19 metabolizer genotype in individuals who had been prescribed antidepressants. Precision dosing based on CYP2C19 genetic information alone is unlikely to reduce GIB prevalence.
Approaches to learn about employer learning
Authors: Ablay Mahmut , Lange Fabian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe empirical literature on employer learning assumes that employers learn about unobserved ability differences across workers as they spend time in the labour market. This article describes testable implications that arise from this basic hypothesis and how they have been used to quantify the contribution of job market signalling and human capital in measured returns to education. While the empirical basis is still thin, the results suggest that signalling contributes at most about 25% to the observed returns to education.
Diversification of refugia types needed to secure the future of coral reefs subject to climate change
Authors: McClanahan Tim R. , Darling Emily S. , Beger Maria , Fox Helen E. , Grantham Hedley S. , Jupiter Stacy D. , Logan Cheryl A. , Mcleod Elizabeth , McManus Lisa C. , Oddenyo Remy M. , Surya Gautam S. , Wenger Amelia. S. , Zinke Jens , Maina Joseph M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIdentifying locations of refugia from the thermal stresses of climate change for coral reefs and better managing them is one of the key recommendations for climate change adaptation. We review and summarize approximately 30 years of applied research focused on identifying climate refugia to prioritize the conservation actions for coral reefs under rapid climate change. We found that currently proposed climate refugia and the locations predicted to avoid future coral losses are highly reliant on excess heat metrics, such as degree heating weeks. However, many existing alternative environmental, ecological, and life‐history variables could be used to identify other types of refugia that lead to the desired diversified portfolio for coral reef conservation. To improve conservation priorities for coral reefs, there is a need to evaluate and validate the predictions of climate refugia with long‐term field data on coral abundance, diversity, and functioning. There is also the need to identify and safeguard locations displaying resistance toprolonged exposure to heat waves and the ability to recover quickly after thermal exposure. We recommend using more metrics to identify a portfolio of potential refugia sites for coral reefs that can avoid, resist, and recover from exposure to high ocean temperatures and the consequences of climate change, thereby shifting past efforts focused on avoidance to a diversified risk‐spreading portfolio that can be used to improve strategic coral reef conservation in a rapidly warming climate.
HipScreen mobile app for the measurement of hip migration percentage in children with cerebral palsy: Accuracy, reliability, and discriminatory ability
Authors: Kulkarni Vedant A. , Cung‐Shahlaie Nina Q. , Bagley Anita M. , Yang Nuen‐Tsang , Taylor Sandra L. , Davids Jon R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo assess the accuracy, reliability, and discriminatory ability of a mobile app for measurement of migration percentage in hip surveillance radiographs of children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodThe free mobile app HipScreen (www.hipscreen.org) was utilized by a diverse group of users to measure the migration percentage of 40 hips at two time points after completing an online tutorial and competency test. The mean absolute error (MAE) was calculated against the reference standard obtained on a radiology workstation. Statistical analyses included linear regression, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and area under receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsThirty‐seven users completed the study, with 30 having a healthcare professional background, but only 15 with x‐ray interpretation expertise. The overall MAE of migration percentage measurement using the HipScreen app was 5.72% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.38–6.06), with good reliability between time points (ICC = 0.83). With a migration percentage less than 30% considered as a positive case, the HipScreen app had a sensitivity of 94% (95% CI: 87–97), specificity of 66% (95% CI: 61–77), and an AUC of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.88–0.96).InterpretationUsers from a broad range of backgrounds can utilize the HipScreen app to measure hip surveillance radiographs with clinically acceptable accuracy, reliability, and discriminatory ability.What this paper adds

The HipScreen app can accurately and reliably measure migration percentage.
As a screening tool, HipScreen has excellent sensitivity and discriminatory ability.
A broad range of HipScreen users achieve clinically acceptable performance.
Can self‐assessment ability predict student performance in a dental anatomy course?
Authors: Cevallos Michael , Pardo Armando , Kakadia Rahen , Jiang Tien , Chutinan Supattriya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe development of early self‐assessment skills and determining its correlation with academic performance could provide evidence to alter dental curricula. The aim of this retrospective study was to examine the relationships between students' early self‐assessment ability in waxing and three different evaluation methods (waxing assessment, written examinations, and tooth identification examination) in a dental anatomy course.Materials and MethodsThe dental anatomy scores during the academic years of 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 from two cohorts of second‐year pre‐doctoral dental students at the Harvard School of Dental Medicine were analyzed. Regression analyses were completed to assess the relationship between all evaluation methods.ResultsThere was a statistically significant correlation between self‐assessment ability and the waxing assessment but no significant correlation between self‐assessment ability and the other evaluation methods.ConclusionOur results showed that the introduction of self‐assessments in dental anatomy waxing was correlated with successful waxing skills. Furthermore, a relevant finding is that students who received higher classifications were also capable of doing better self‐assessments. These findings provide evidence that impacts dental curricula.
Exploring the notion of inclusivity as facilitating students' ontological engagement for personally relevant learning
Authors: Ratnam Tara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn India, inclusivity in education can be seen as an expression of commitment to social justice. It reflects a deep commitment to the goals of universalisation of education promoted by world agencies such as UNESCO. However, pitched between the aspirational goals of achieving equity and social justice on one hand, and the economic imperative of a competitive market on the other, inclusivity in education seems an ever‐elusive goal. Students' voices and all the cultural and experiential resources they hold, are marginalised in school, contributing to alienating students from school learning. The study on which this article reports sought to support teachers glean insights from participation in a purposive modelling activity, set in a Vygotskian dialectic frame of reference. The activity focused on how learning from students and their communities can be harnessed to engage students ontologically in class, to enhance students' agentive role in an inclusive learning environment. It is rooted in a funds of knowledge approach. The qualitative data for this ethnographically oriented study have been gathered from multiple sources over 2 years and analysed thematically. The findings show that modelling not only helped teacher learning and development of practice, but also familiarised teachers with issues of equity and inclusivity. Notably, by making teachers aware of the differentiated needs of all the students in the process of invoking their unique contribution to learning from their cultural locations. The insights are used to discuss the challenges posed for teachers in making their new learning part of their teaching practice.
French teachers' intentions to use accommodated materials in learning and assessment
Authors: Khamzina Kamilla , Desombre Caroline , Jury Mickaël 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe implementation of inclusive practices in mainstream education remains particularly difficult in the French context and is influenced by various factors including the types of disability labels, and the type of assessment practices that are used. Indeed, how student disability is labelled could impact teacher attitudes by notably disfavouring students labelled with autism. Moreover, normative assessment is strongly linked with selection at schools—a function that works against teacher attitudes towards inclusive education. This article reports on a study in which we examined teacher intentions to use materials accommodated to special educational needs students, as a function of special needs labelling. Specifically, this refers to the use of labels for either a disability or special educational need, in connection to tasks associated with learning or assessment. The results of our study revealed that, for both types of labels, the intentions to use accommodated materials are lower when teachers are asked to assess student competence than when prompted to teach this competence. These findings are discussed with consideration to the incompatibility between selection in schools—which is aligned with the principle of meritocracy—and efforts to promote inclusive education practices.
Inclusive education in the Czech Republic: A scoping review of a paradigm shift
Authors: Vaďurová Helena , Pančocha Karel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis scoping review presents the historical, social, and international influences that shaped the gradual move from segregated to inclusive education for all children in the Czech Republic. The introduction of the 2016 amendment to the Education Act marked a decisive paradigm shift in education policy, which formed the legal basis for services and support measures to be made available for all children with special needs in local mainstream schools. We analysed Czech language and English language peer‐reviewed specialist literature to see how these changes have been reflected in current education research. The eighteen studies reviewed provide a complex picture of facilitators and barriers at the level of inclusive culture, policy and practice. Even though progress towards inclusive education in the Czech Republic has been notable, there are still systemic and attitudinal barriers to the education of all children.
Lethality of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection—a comparative autopsy study focusing on COVID‐19 development and virus variants
Authors: Schwab Constantin , Merle Uta , Schirmacher Peter , Longerich Thomas 
Published: May 2023

AimsDifferent SARS‐CoV‐2 variants are driving various waves of infection of the corona pandemic. Official statistics provide no information on who died due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) or an alternative disease during which SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was detected. The current study aims at addressing the effect of the different variants evolving during the pandemic on fatal outcomes.Methods and resultsStandardised autopsies were performed on 117 people who died of a SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and the findings were interpreted in clinical and pathophysiological contexts. The typical histological sequence of COVID‐19‐related lung injury was detected independently of the disease‐causing virus variant, but was significantly less common (50 versus 80–100%) and less severe in cases infected by omicron variants compared to precedent variants (P < 0.05). COVID‐19 was less often the leading cause of death following omicron infection. Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID‐19 did not contribute to death in this cohort. Lethal COVID‐19 may occur after complete SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination. Reinfection was not the cause of death in any of the autopsies of this cohort.ConclusionAutopsies represent the gold standard in determining the cause of death after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and autopsy registers are currently the only available data source allowing for evaluation of which patients died of COVID‐19 or with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Compared to previous variants, infection with an omicron variant affected the lungs less frequently and resulted in less severe lung disease.
Evaluation of the efficacy of a modified method of treating the incisions of the single‐port video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery using V‐Loc™ barbed sutures
Authors: Xu Li , Wang Yue , Wang Zhen‐xing , Mai Shi‐xiong , Xu Lei , Xu Zhe‐nan , Yang Wei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper describes a modified method of applying unidirectional barbed sutures to treat the incisions of the single‐port video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and discusses its safety and feasibility. This was a retrospective analysis of 108 patients who underwent single‐port VATS admitted to the Department of Thoracic Surgery, the China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, from April 2019 to April 2020. The experimental group (65 patients) was given unidirectional barbed sutures (V‐Loc™ sutures) to treat the incision, and the control group (43 patients) had a skin stapler to treat the incision. The complications related to the incisions of the two groups were compared. There was no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups regarding incisional infection, incisional splitting, fat liquefaction, and incisional resewing. The pleural fluid outflow from the drainage orifice after removal of the chest tube (0 cases in the experimental group and 7 cases in the control group, P = 0.001) was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. The scores of the scars showed that the experimental group was significantly better than the control group. The modified method of treating the incisions of the single‐port VATS with V‐Loc™ sutures has good efficacy and safety. It reduces the incidence of pleural fluid outflow from the drainage orifice after removal of the chest tube compared with the traditional stapler suture method, and it has superior cosmetic outcomes.