bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation exposure in concurrent abdominoplevic and chest CT Scans: an analysis of overlap and clinical impact
Authors: Mun Han Song , Lim Sanghyeok , Lee Ji Eun , Lee Min Hee , Choi Seo-Youn , Moon Ji Eun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigated the additional radiation exposure, influencing factors, and clinical significance of overlapping Z-axis coverage in abdominopelvic CT scans performed consecutively after same-day chest CT scans. Data from 761 patients were analyzed, with measuring the total and overlapping Z-axis coverage of the portal venous phase in abdominopelvic CT scans. The average overlapping portion was 33.8 ± 12.1 mm, accounting for approximately 7.0% of the total scan length, contributing a dose-length product of 33.4 mGy*cm and an effective radiation dose of 0.5 mSv. Male sex and the total scan length were identified as significant factors influencing overlap (p = 0.002 and < 0.001, respectively). Despite overlapping scans frequently imaging the lower lungs, only 8.4% of abdominopelvic CT reports specifically mentioned lower lung abnormalities, indicating limited clinical utility. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing CT protocols to minimize the total length of the body covered in abdominopelvic scans, thereby reducing unnecessary radiation exposure during concurrent chest and abdominopelvic CT scans.
Weak fault feature extraction in non-Gaussian noise interference based on adaptive recombination empirical wavelet transform incorporated by sparse coding shrinkage
Authors: He Changbo , Ma Panpan , Zhi Yali , Hu Shaoliang , Wang Jinrui , Qiao Zijian , Lu Siliang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The fast kurtogram is a very useful tool in the field of fault diagnosis, but it also contains two drawbacks. On the one hand, its kurtosis indicator is susceptible to random impulse interference, leading to frequency band mis-selection. On the other hand, the frequency band division method determined by the tree filter bank may cause under or over decomposition problems. Therefore, in this paper, a novel fault diagnosis theory is constructed combining the adaptive recombination empirical wavelet transform (AREWT) with the envelope spectral energy ratio (ESER). Adaptive decomposition of frequency bands is first performed using AREWT. Afterwards, the ESER is proposed as a statistical indicator to choose the optimal demodulation frequency band which overcomes the effects of non-Gaussian noise interference and improves diagnostic accuracy. To further highlight the fault elements of the selected components, an adaptive sparse coding shrinkage algorithm is introduced for sparsely denoising sensitive components. Correspondingly, clear fault feature frequency components can be extracted from the envelope spectrum. Finally, the practicability and superiority of the proposed AREWT-ESER approach are fully validated through numerical simulation signals and case studies.
GMmorph: dynamic spatial matching registration model for 3D medical image based on gated Mamba
Authors: Lin Hao , Song Yonghong , Zhang Qi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. Deformable registration aims to achieve nonlinear alignment of image space by estimating a dense displacement field. It is commonly used as a preprocessing step in clinical and image analysis applications, such as surgical planning, diagnostic assistance, and surgical navigation. We aim to overcome these challenges: Deep learning-based registration methods often struggle with complex displacements and lack effective interaction between global and local feature information. They also neglect the spatial position matching process, leading to insufficient registration accuracy and reduced robustness when handling abnormal tissues. Approach. We propose a dual-branch interactive registration model architecture from the perspective of spatial matching. Implicit regularization is achieved through a consistency loss, enabling the network to balance high accuracy with a low folding rate. We introduced the dynamic matching module between the two branches of the registration, which generates learnable offsets based on all the tokens across the entire resolution range of the base branch features. Using trilinear interpolation, the model adjusts its feature expression range according to the learned offsets, capturing highly flexible positional differences. To facilitate the spatial matching process, we designed the gated mamba layer to globally model pixel-level features by associating all voxel information, while the detail enhancement module, which is based on channel and spatial attention, enhances the richness of local feature details. Main results. Our study explores the model’s performance in single-modal and multi-modal image registration, including normal brain, brain tumor, and lung images. We propose unsupervised and semi-supervised registration modes and conduct extensive validation experiments. The results demonstrate that the model achieves state-of-the-art performance across multiple datasets. Significance. By introducing a novel perspective of position matching, the model achieves precise registration of various types of medical data, offering significant clinical value in medical applications.
Towards linking histological changes to liver viscoelasticity: a hybrid analytical-computational micromechanics approach
Authors: Shah Haritya , Guddati Murthy N 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Motivated by elastography that utilizes tissue mechanical properties as biomarkers for liver disease, with the eventual objective of quantitatively linking histopathology and bulk mechanical properties, we develop a micromechanical modeling approach to capture the effects of fat and collagen deposition in the liver. Specifically, we utilize computational homogenization to convert the microstructural changes in hepatic lobule to the effective viscoelastic modulus of the liver tissue, i.e. predict the bulk material properties by analyzing the deformation of repeating unit cell. The lipid and collagen deposition is simulated with the help of ad hoc algorithms informed by histological observations. Collagen deposition is directly included in the computational model, while composite material theory is used to convert fat content to the microscopic mechanical properties, which in turn is included in the computational model. The results illustrate the model’s ability to capture the effect of both fat and collagen deposition on the viscoelastic moduli and represents a step towards linking histopathological changes in the liver to its bulk mechanical properties, which can eventually provide insights for accurate diagnosis with elastography.
Time-domain direct capacitive coupling detection technique applicable inside a cavity structure for determination of crossing frequency in a transmission microwave frequency spectrum
Authors: Cho Chulhee , Kim Sijun , Lee Woobeen , Seong Inho , Jeong Wonnyoung , Lee Youngseok , Seol Youbin , Na Byungkeun , Kim Daewoong , You Shinjae 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The conventional crossing frequency method for plasma diagnostics measures the transmission microwave frequency spectrum, called the

S

21

spectrum, using transmitting and receiving antennas. It can infer electron density (

n

e

) from the crossing frequency (

f

cross

), which is the point where an

S

21

spectrum with plasma generation (plasma

S

21

spectrum) intersects with the one without plasma generation (vacuum

S

21

spectrum). However, this method faces a challenge when applied inside a cavity, particularly a vacuum chamber, due to spike-like peaks in the vacuum

S

21

spectrum. These peaks result in multiple crossing points between the vacuum

S

21

spectrum and the plasma

S

21

spectrum, leading to difficulty in determining

f

cross

. This paper proposes the time-domain capacitive coupling detection technique to remove these peaks. In a preliminary study, a three-dimensional electromagnetic wave simulation was employed to investigate the origin of spike-like peaks and the coupling mechanism between the antennas, and to analyze the optimum working conditions. The proposed method was then evaluated in an inductively coupled plasma system including a cylindrical vacuum chamber. Experimental results clearly demonstrated the removal of the spike-like peaks in the vacuum

S

21

spectrum. With plasma generation at low pressure,

n

e

obtained from the proposed method closely matched that obtained from the cutoff probe method, which is a precise microwave probe for electron density measurement. Furthermore, we verified operation at high pressure where the cutoff probe is ineffective. The proposed method is therefore effective for electron density measurement inside a cavity structure, especially for high-pressure environments.
Extensible approach to nonlinear circuit simulation of terahertz radiation phenomena from stacked Josephson junctions
Authors: Kobayashi R , Kakeya I 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper proposes an enhanced numerical simulation of a high-Tc cuprate terahertz source using the LTspice® electric circuit simulator. By implementing a nonlinear circuit model proposed in our previous work utilizing behavioral sources in LTspice, we accurately reproduce current–voltage-radiation power characteristics of the device measured by the authors over the entire bias points. We also identify that high-frequency losses significantly increase the damping of the oscillation in the gauge-invariant phase differences of stacked Josephson junctions. This model enables quantitative analysis of maximum radiation intensity through structural optimization, paving the way for a systematic approach to efficient device design.
Inactivation of E. coli on cabbage by humidified air dielectric barrier discharge plasma
Authors: Liang Xinlei , Wang Zhishang , Wu Jiang , Liu Guoqiang , Wang Yiming , Lu Na , Liu Dongping 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, a humidified air plasma was used to investigate the inactivation effect of Escherichia coli (E. coli) on fresh cabbage as well as the changes in physicochemical properties, which included changes in total phenolics, anthocyanin content, and antioxidant activity. The humidified air plasma is generated through the process of discharging within a surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) system. The effects of cabbage tissues including cabbage leaf, upper epidermis and leaf flesh, and their water contents and sizes on E. coli inactivation were evaluated by changing the plasma treatment time. The experimental results showed that the exposure of E. coli to plasma inactivation on the upper epidermis had a high bactericidal efficacy, with 5.53 colony-forming units inactivated after 10 min of exposure. On the other hand, the presence of moisture in moderate amounts enhances the inactivation efficiency of the plasma against E. coli. The presence of the protein and the increased area of the sample, which is then in contact with the bacteria and exposed to the plasma, were found to inhibit the E. coli inactivation efficiency. Our analysis indicates that plasma-activated RONS, including H2O2 and HOONO, play a crucial role in the inactivation process of E. coli. Total phenols, proanthocyanidins and antioxidant properties on cabbage did not change significantly after plasma treatment for 10 min. Our study presents the feasible approach for the application of plasma in optimizing decontamination conditions for a range of fruits and vegetables.
Based on an all-dielectric metamaterial sensing strategy to reveal the effect of acoustic AO effect on optical fiber transmission performance
Authors: Zhong Min 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Here, a sensing scheme based on metamaterial is proposed and applied to measure the acousto-optic (AO) effect on the transmission performance of optical fiber. The AO effect in the fiber is modulated through optimizing the amplitude and frequency of the sound wave, which is different from the traditional photoelectric measurement scheme. The AO effect can be enhanced with the drive voltage of the sound wave generator increasing, which leads to the transmission performance of the fiber be suppressed. On the contrary, the attenuation coefficient and group velocity of the fiber are basically stable. The time for sound waves to enter and leave the AO effect region is extended. Moreover, the AO effect is also enhanced as the sound frequency gradually approached the resonant frequency. These measurements reveal the physical mechanism of the AO effect of optical fibers and validate the feasibility of this proposed metamaterial sensing scheme.
First fluctuation measurements using an Imaging Neutral Particle Analyzer on DIII-D
Authors: Gage K.R. , Du X.D. , Heidbrink W.W. , Gonzalez-Martin J. , Liu D. , Brown A.C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A recent upgrade to the Imaging Neutral Particle Analyzer (INPA) on DIII-D has allowed for the first fluctuation measurements using an INPA to be taken during a neoclassical tearing mode (NTM). The INPA signal tracked the mode over 150 ms as the mode frequency dropped to zero, capturing both the NTM with poloidal and toroidal mode numbers

m

/

n
=
2

/

1

and a

3

/

2

mode at double the frequency. Analysis shows that the signals originate from charge exchange events near the edge of the plasma, and relative fluctuation amplitudes are greater than 25% for the duration of the NTM. Filtered signals show frequency beating patterns that are phase-space dependent. Simulated signal is dominated by prompt transport from the neutral beams to the INPA sightline, while the contribution from the slowing down distribution is significantly lower. Simulated measurements in the range of pitches that the diagnostic is sensitive to (

0.5
⩽

|

v

∥

v

|

⩽
0.75

) show the signal is dominated by trapped orbits that pass through magnetic islands near the edge of the plasma. Calculations of expected fluctuation levels show that only direct interaction with the NTM can provide the strong relative fluctuation levels seen experimentally. The prompt nature of the orbits and thin radial layer found to contribute to synthetic signals suggest INPA passive data may be used to measure the perturbations of confined orbits on a single pass through a plasma instability.
Research on data processing technology based on virtual neutron signal generator
Authors: Sun Shangqing , Huang Qichang , Wan Bo , Yang Daibo , Zhao Yang , Wang Miao , Xiong Bangping , Xi Ge , Luo Yin , Xia Yuan , Wei Wenbin , Miao YunXin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Neutron measurement systems play a crucial role in many
fields. However, testing these systems requires neutron sources,
which pose radiation hazards. As a safer alternative, developers
often opt for simulated neutron signal generators. The goal of this
study is to develop a virtual neutron signal generator that meets
the development needs of neutron measurement system in pulse mode,
campbell mode, and current mode, providing a non-nuclear auxiliary
design tool. Inside the Loongson CPU, three digital channels are
used to generate pulse signal, campbell signal and current
signal. Each digital channel consists of the amplitude module,
trigger module and waveform module. The amplitude module uses either
measured spectrum or simulated spectrum generated by GEANT4 to
obtain physically meaningful neutron pulse amplitudes. The trigger
module generates a high-speed triggered clock sequence based on the
exponentially distributed time intervals between adjacent neutron
pulses. The waveform module generates the waveform of neutron
signals. The neutron signals generated inside the Loongson CPU are
transmitted to the FPGA via USB3.0. Then, the FPGA outputs virtual
neutron analog signals through DAC. Experimental results show that
this virtual neutron signal generator can accurately produce virtual
neutron analog signals, making it suitable as a testing tool for
neutron measurement systems.
Integrable

Z

2
2

-graded extensions of the Liouville and Sinh–Gordon theories
Authors: Aizawa Naruhiko , Ito Ren , Kuznetsova Zhanna , Tanaka Toshiya , Toppan Francesco 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper we present a general framework to construct integrable

Z

2
2

-graded extensions of classical, two-dimensional Toda and conformal affine Toda theories. The scheme is applied to define the extended Liouville and Sinh–Gordon models; they are based on

Z

2
2

-graded color Lie algebras and their fields satisfy a parabosonic statistics. The mathematical tools here introduced are the

Z

2
2

-graded covariant extensions of the Lax pair formalism and of the Polyakov’s soldering procedure. The

Z

2
2

-graded Sinh–Gordon model is derived from an affine

Z

2
2

-graded color Lie algebra, mimicking a procedure originally introduced by Babelon-Bonora to derive the ordinary Sinh–Gordon model. The color Lie algebras under considerations are: the 6-generator

Z

2
2

-graded sl
2, the

Z

2
2

-graded affine

s

l
2

^

algebra with two central extensions, the

Z

2
2

-graded Virasoro algebra obtained from a Hamiltonian reduction.
Electronic and optical properties of computationally predicted Na–K–Sb crystals
Authors: Xu Chung , Schier Richard , Cocchi Caterina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Thanks to their favorable electronic and optical properties, sodium–potassium-antimonides are an emerging class of crystals used as photocathodes in particle accelerators. The persisting challenges related to the synthesis and characterization of these materials demand support from theory and make the study of computationally predicted polymorphs particularly relevant to identifying the structure, composition, and properties of the samples. Using first-principles methods based on density-functional theory and many-body perturbation theory, the electronic and optical properties of cubic NaK2Sb and hexagonal Na2KSb are studied. Both systems, experimentally reported in the hexagonal and cubic phase, respectively, exhibit an indirect fundamental gap that is energetically very close to the direct band gap at Γ of magnitude

0.81

eV

for NaK2Sb and

0.70

eV

for Na2KSb. In the band structure of both materials, Sb p-states dominate the valence region with minor contributions from the alkali p-states, while the alkali s-states mainly contribute at lower energies. The optical spectra of both crystals are not subject to sizeable excitonic effects, except for a redshift of the excitation energies of 50–100 meV and some redistribution of the oscillator strength beyond the lowest-energy peak in the near-infrared region. Our results indicate that computationally predicted cubic NaK2Sb and hexagonal Na2KSb have favorable characteristics as photocathodes and, as such, their presence in polycrystalline samples is not detrimental for this application.
DPRA: a dual pooling attention network for point cloud classification and segmentation
Authors: Wen Junxian , Wang Xiaolong , Zhu Zhijie , Zhang Jinsong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Point cloud data, widely used in fields such as autonomous driving and robotic navigation, involves classification and segmentation tasks. The extraction of local and global features has become a major research focus. The paper proposes two modules: the Dual Pooling Attention model (DP-Attention) and the Residual Attention Module model (RA-MLP). DP-Attention utilizes max pooling and average pooling to compute attention, extracting information between points as well as between features to enhance local feature extraction. RA-MLP integrates self-attention and residual connections to improve global feature extraction. These modules are combined to construct the DPRA network, which is tailored for point cloud classification and segmentation tasks. The DPRA network architecture is based on the encoder-decoder structure of U-Net, using DP-Attention and RA-MLP in the encoder, and only RA-MLP in the decoder. Experimental results on three datasets demonstrate that the DPRA network achieves outstanding performance in the synthetic ModelNet40 classification experiment, with a mean class accuracy of 91.6%. It also achieves the highest mean class accuracy (85.3%) and overall accuracy (86.1%) in the real-world ScanObjectNN classification experiment. Additionally, it attains the highest mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 85.2% in the synthetic ShapeNet segmentation experiment. These results indicate that DPRA is applicable to various tasks, demonstrating strong generalization, robustness, and multi-task learning capabilities.
Low-cost single-source 17 level multilevel inverter with reduced switch count
Authors: Karakiliç Murat , Zeynalov Javanshir , Hataş Hasan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper introduces an innovative multi-level inverter (MLI) topology operating with a single DC source. The proposed structure consists of a DC-DC rectifier (HFL), a switched capacitor (SC) unit and a Packaged U-Cell (PUC) module. The topology synthesizes 17 voltage levels at the output with only 10 power switches, offering low control complexity and high power efficiency. The high number of levels at the output voltage provides a high quality output voltage wave. A soft charging cell (SCC) is used to suppress impulsive charging currents in the switched capacitors. Experimental results show that SCC effectively suppresses impulsive currents in switched capacitors. The high frequency link (HFL) used to provide high voltage gain improves the cost efficiency of the system by reducing transformer sizes and costs. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed topology achieves 96.92% efficiency, near sinusoidal current output and total harmonic distortion (THD) values between 4.99% and 1.23%. Moreover, with a low cost function (CF) value of 1.60, it is proven to offer a viable alternative for applications such as Renewable Energy Systems (RES) and Electric Vehicles (EVs). These findings demonstrate the applicability of the proposed MLI topology in these areas with low cost, high efficiency and quality power output.
Unsteady ‘External’ Direct Effect
Authors: Gallo Daniele 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter VII concerns the direct effect of international law within the EU legal order. It covers both vertical and horizontal direct effect, and both conventional and customary law. In doing so, it examines the unclear trajectories of ‘external’ direct effect in the EU case law and reflects upon the blurred boundaries between (broad) direct effect, legality review, and the so-called Fediol-Nakajima doctrine(s). It also compares the ‘internal’ direct effect doctrine, that is, the direct effect of EU law within domestic legal orders, and ‘external’ direct effect. To this end, it demonstrates to what extent the recognition of direct effect of international agreements, or lack thereof, is imbued with heavy political connotations. Finally, the chapter explores the consequences of the diminishing role of the Court of Justice as a ‘gatekeeper’ in the conceptualization and practice of ‘external’ direct effect resulting from the current phenomenon of precluding such effect through the insertion of clauses in EU international agreements.
Problems with the Existing Inclusions on Women and Trade
Authors: Bahri Amrita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter critically assesses problems with the ways in which women’s concerns have so far been included in trade agreements. The critique focuses on the ways in which such provisions are drafted, their imprecise scope, their lack of enforcement potential, absence of associated plans for their effective implementation, the disconnect between the solutions they offer and the barriers women face in trade, their focus on women in their traditional roles, and the reluctance of negotiators to step beyond their zones of familiarity and the template approach to drafting such provisions. The chapter elaborates on this critical assessment and presents eight fundamental problems with the current inclusion of such provisions.