bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated control and optimization of laser-driven ion acceleration
Authors: Loughran B. , Streeter M. J. V. , Ahmed H. , Astbury S. , Balcazar M. , Borghesi M. , Bourgeois N. , Curry C. B. , Dann S. J. D. , DiIorio S. , Dover N. P. , Dzelzainis T. , Ettlinger O. C. , Gauthier M. , Giuffrida L. , Glenn G. D. , Glenzer S. H. , Green J. S. , Gray R. J. , Hicks G. S. , Hyland C. , Istokskaia V. , King M. , Margarone D. , McCusker O. , McKenna P. , Najmudin Z. , Parisuaña C. , Parsons P. , Spindloe C. , Symes D. R. , Thomas A. G. R. , Treffert F. , Xu N. , Palmer C. A. J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The interaction of relativistically intense lasers with opaque targets represents a highly non-linear, multi-dimensional parameter space. This limits the utility of sequential 1D scanning of experimental parameters for the optimization of secondary radiation, although to-date this has been the accepted methodology due to low data acquisition rates. High repetition-rate (HRR) lasers augmented by machine learning present a valuable opportunity for efficient source optimization. Here, an automated, HRR-compatible system produced high-fidelity parameter scans, revealing the influence of laser intensity on target pre-heating and proton generation. A closed-loop Bayesian optimization of maximum proton energy, through control of the laser wavefront and target position, produced proton beams with equivalent maximum energy to manually optimized laser pulses but using only 60% of the laser energy. This demonstration of automated optimization of laser-driven proton beams is a crucial step towards deeper physical insight and the construction of future radiation sources.
Perlocutionary Silencing: A Linguistic Harm That Prevents Discursive Influence
Authors: Spewak David C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVarious philosophers discuss perlocutionary silencing, but none defend an account of perlocutionary silencing. This gap may exist because perlocutionary success depends on extralinguistic effects, whereas silencing interrupts speech, leaving theorists to rely on extemporary accounts when they discuss perlocutionary silencing. Consequently, scholars assume perlocutionary silencing occurs but neglect to explain how perlocutionary silencing harms speakers as speakers. In relation to that shortcoming, I defend a novel account of perlocutionary silencing. I argue that speakers experience perlocutionary silencing when they are illegitimately deprived of perlocutionary influence on a conversation in which they are active participants, where perlocutionary influence on the conversation relates to speech-related perlocutionary goals meant to influence the conversation or conversational direction. Thus, this account grounds perlocutionary silencing in linguistic phenomena and characterizes perlocutionary silencing in a way that explains why those who experience perlocutionary silencing are harmed as speakers. Moreover, this account explains how perlocutionary silencing harms speakers as conversational participants in a way that cannot be captured by illocutionary or locutionary silencing, for a speaker may be perlocutionarily silenced despite illocutionary success. Consequently, the account explains why “All Lives Matter” silences Black Lives Matter and “Not All Men” silences women sharing experiences of sexual harassment.
Mother Lords: Original Maternal Dominion and the Practice of Preservation in Hobbes
Authors: Robison Meghan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHobbes's justification for original maternal dominion is often evaluated in connection to the ambiguous status of women in his political thought. Many feminist interpreters explain this ambiguity as a contradiction: following Carole Pateman, they see maternal dominion as one term of the “paradox of parental power.” The first aim of this article is to elaborate a second, alternative approach within some critical responses to Pateman's reading. Rather than as one part of a contradiction, in these interpretations maternal dominion emerges as a self-standing form of authority that is very different from patriarchal domination. By offering a new synthesis of some of these interpretations, I aim to show this second view as more comprehensive and compelling than that offered by Pateman. Then, building upon this view, I give a new reading of the concept of preservation that establishes the mother's dominion as an intersubjective practice that reflects an awareness about the interdependent conditions for human well-being and, hence, challenges the standard approach to Hobbesian individualism and sovereign power. Finally, drawing from my interpretation of preservation, I offer a new way to understand Hobbes's argument that “parental authority is derived from the child's consent.”
Taiwan's Same-Sex Marriage Legislation: Social Movement Strategies and Relational Dynamics
Authors: Wei John 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn 2019, Taiwan became the first in Asia to legalize same-sex marriage (SSM). This article considers the social movement strategies and relational dynamics of three activist groups in the year leading to the landmark SSM legislation, respectively representing the “yes,” “no,” and “alternative” agendas in the public debates and social mobilization around the issue of equal marriage rights. Through a critical study of the three cases, this article examines how various campaigners shaped local SSM discourses and mobilized people to support, oppose, and question marriage equality, focusing on their social mobilization strategies and inter-group relational dynamics under Taiwan's political and legal structures. In so doing, it proposes a hybrid theoretical model to understand complex social movement and countermovement relations and dynamics.
Uyghur–Chinese early successive adult bilinguals’ construal of caused motion events
Authors: Tusun Alimujiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTalmy’s motion event typology has served as a fruitful framework for exploring bilingual cognition and language use. The present study extends this line of research to the bilingualism situation of an underrepresented Turkic language, i.e., Modern Uyghur, and Mandarin Chinese, and it does so by focusing on a relatively understudied type of motion, i.e., caused motion. The two languages are genetically and typologically distinct, and yet they share verb-framing as an important lexicalization pattern in encoding motion. This study, therefore, investigated whether and to what extent this structural overlap contributes to crosslinguistic influence in Uyghur–Chinese adult bilinguals’ construal of caused motion. Thirty Uyghur–Chinese adult bilinguals’ verbalizations were analyzed with respect to the number of semantic components expressed and the way they were syntactically packaged. Results were compared with relevant monolingual data, which showed that Uyghur–Chinese adult bilinguals displayed a strong L1 to L2 influence in syntactic packaging by overusing the verb-framed strategy in Mandarin Chinese. However, further comparisons with previous research on Uyghur–Chinese child and adult bilinguals’ motion construal revealed that, while structural overlap is a key factor motivating crosslinguistic influence, a coherent explanation of this phenomenon must consider more general principles of bilingual language processing and use.
The Epistemic Privilege of Measurement: Motivating a Functionalist Account
Authors: Ohnesorge Miguel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhilosophers and metrologists have refuted the view that measurement’s epistemic privilege in scientific practice is explained by its theory neutrality. Rather, they now explicitly appeal to the role that theories play in measurement. I formulate a challenge for this view: Scientists sometimes ascribe epistemic privilege to measurements even if they lack a shared theory about their target quantity, which I illustrate through a case study from early geodesy. Drawing on that case, I argue that the epistemic privilege of measurement can precede shared background theory and is better explained by its pretheoretic function in enabling a distinctive kind of inquiry.
Trailing Vortex Wakes
Authors: Lee G. H. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryIt is shown that the trailing vortex wakes generated by large aeroplanes can cause serious upsets (loss of control) to smaller following aircraft that may encounter them and may damage buildings near an airport. The increase in separation behind big aircraft imposed as a safety measure leads to a serious loss of runway capacity.After discussion of the nature of wake vortices, it is demonstrated that they may be attenuated, so avoiding unnecessary separation between aircraft at an airport and, at the same time, obviating ground damage.Discussion of alternative devices available for moderating the vortex wake indicates that practical solutions may be confidently expected.
The computer in management: the current status of the management information system
Authors: Williams G. E. 
Published: March 2023

MIS is more talked about than accomplished. There is also confusion regarding what constitutes MIS and even whether we mean computer based or something broader. Systems claiming to be MIS range from a classical invoicing system which follows well charted directions to $65m development efforts. This paper describes, therefore, past and current thinking on MIS rather than status of individual systems.It is instructive to follow its history, since although there has been considerable development of theory concerning information during the past few years, efforts at MIS constitute, for better for worse, the main attempts at practical development.
Anti-Tank Guided Weapons
Authors: Cattanach J. 
Published: March 2023

For the past half-century the tank has dominated the land battle by virtue of its armour.During the last war, the discovery of the shaped high explosive charge (or hollow charge) was the first significant step towards its decline. This type of warhead could penetrate the thickest armour then in use, without the need for its carrier to have any significant velocity. No longer were projectiles of high kinetic energy, and therefore high velocity, required.
Establishing airport cost and revenue functions
Authors: Doganis R. S. , Thompson G. F. 
Published: March 2023

The discussion generated by the Roskill Commission and by airport planning inquiries in different parts of the United Kingdom has increasingly emphasised that airports are merely a sub-system within a larger system. They cannot be planned and developed except with reference to the other elements that make up that system. There are essentially four critical elements:
(i)The passengers or goods requiring transport by air.(ii)The physical, social and economic environment around the airport.(iii)The airport itself.(iv)The aircraft and the airlines which operate them.The total system is concerned with enabling passengers and freight to travel by air in order to reach a different environment.
A man-powered aircraft with power to spare
Authors: Goodhart H. C. N. 
Published: March 2023

Man-powered aircraft have been built in which a man generating between 0·5 and 0·6 horse-power has remained airborne in straight flight for upwards of 3 minutes. Noone has yet succeeded in demonstrating sustained turning flight nor can sufficient endurance be expected in order to achieve the difficult Kremer prize course.It seems probable that refining the current design of aircraft is unlikely to bring the required horse-power down by a factor approaching two and therefore a radically new approach is required if the Kremer course is to be successfully completed.
The rolling up of a trailing vortex sheet
Authors: Clements R. R. , Maull D. J. 
Published: March 2023

The rolling up of the vortex sheet shed from a finite aspect ratio wing into discrete vortices has been extensively investigated in the past. Most of these investigations have, however, considered wings having an elliptic loading.The early design charts of Silvertstein et al gave downwash angles for a variety of flapped and unflapped aerofoils by considering the trailing vortex sheet to be composed of discrete line vortices but ignored the rolling up process that takes place.
Financing transportation innovation in perspective
Authors: Riley Derek 
Published: March 2023

The title of this paper has been chosen for several reasons. To take financing first: problems of financing in transportation occur at several distinct levels, namely—systems suppliers, for example, aircraft manufacturers;—terminals and infrastructure, for example, ports and airports;—operating companies, for example, airlines.We shall essentially be focusing attention on financing of systems.Secondly, innovation will receive attention within the systems, because while financing of conventional systems may not be easy, that of innovatory systems is often almost impossible. An innovatory transportation system may be defined as a package of equipment or components, at least some of which are radically new and which are designed to meet the requirements of a given transportation market.
“Supersonic” flow in the insect world
Authors: Thomson K. D. 
Published: March 2023

Recently Professor Black showed a photograph of a baby seal swimming in a shallow pool at a speed greater than the speed of the surface waves. In terms of the hydraulic analogy the seal may be said to be a “supersonic” swimmer.In lighter vein, it may be wondered whether supersonic flow extends to the insect world! The attached Schlieren photograph shows, for example, a blowfly in a flow at a Mach number of 1·4. The blowfly, suitably stiffened by a film of clear plastic to prevent it from shattering, was sting mounted in a shock tube containing freon as the working fluid.
The aerodynamic development of the wing of the A 300B
Authors: McRae D. M. 
Published: March 2023

The A300B, otherwise known as the European Airbus, is an international collaborative project. Hawker Siddeley Aviation are under contract to Airbus Industrie to design and manufacture the wing. Manufacture is now well advanced, the first wing having been delivered to Toulouse in November 1971.In describing the aerodynamic development of the wing for this aircraft, it is necessary to describe events before the advent of the designation A300B, as the aerodynamic design philosophy was established prior to that date. In particular reference will be made to the preceding paper project the A300 and to a lesser extent to projects being considered before the opening of technical discussions between Sud Aviation, Deutsche Airbus, and Hawker Siddeley Aviation.
Random vibration with non-linear damping
Authors: Kirk C. L. 
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this paper is to study the random vibration of linearly elastic, lumped-mass systems containing non-linear damping, to ideal stationary Gaussian white noise excitation.The following practical examples of systems with non-linear damping are quoted. A random vibration absorber with (velocity)2 damping, (velocity)2 damping in an aircraft oleo pneumatic undercarriage, and spar cap beam dampers in which damping is produced by relative motion between friction surfaces during beam deflection. In the first two examples optimum system parameters are determined in order to minimise the mean square response. In the third case the root mean square acceleration of a beam with spar cap damping is determined experimentally, the results being compared with Caughey's theoretical results.
The Determination of the Position of Maximum Velocity in Turbulent Shear Flow
Authors: Durst F. , Launder B. E. , Åkesson H. 
Published: March 2023

The majority of current prediction procedures for turbulent flows employ models of turbulent momentum transfer which calculate an effective viscosity for μeff such that for a boundary-layer flow the shear stress, τ, is given by:A number of recent experimental investigations (ref. 1-3 for example) have found, however, that in strongly asymmetric turbulent flows, τ is finite where the mean velocity gradient is zero—and vice versa. These phenomena, which are evidently not describable in terms of an effective viscosity hypothesis, point the need for a more complete description of turbulent motion.
A Finite Element for Torsion of Thin Walled Open Tubes
Authors: Bolland G. B. 
Published: March 2023

In an analysis by the matrix force method of a structure containing thin tubes of open cross-section, it is commonly assumed that the torsional stiffness of such members may be taken into account by considering the St. Venant shear stresses only. This effectively introduces the assumption that the cross-section of an open tube is able to warp freely, whereas in practice the warping may be constrained by the surrounding structure.In this note a method is presented which allows such warping constraint effects to be taken into account in a finite element analysis using the Force Method. Because of the assumption of linear variation of direct stress along the element the full flexibility matrix does not have to be used, which may be an advantage in certain cases. The “exact”, but more complex, flexibility matrix has been derived and will be presented in a later note.
The Sound of Rotorcraft
Authors: Leverton J. W. 
Published: March 2023

The sound of a rotorcraft is very complex in nature since it is a combination of the sound produced by several individual sources, which in the main generate acoustic energy by more than one mechanism. Externally, the important sources are rotor noise and engine noise; while internally transmission system (gear) noise is an additional source. The frequency ranges associated with the various sources on a rotorcraft are summarised on the narrowband spectrum shown in Fig. 1. Main rotor noise is treated as two separate entities, rotational and broadband noise, while the tail rotor noise (if applicable) is dominated by its rotational components.The following discussion is limited to gas-turbine-engined rotorcraft as, except for some of the small light-weight helicopters, the majority are powered by this type of engine. It is worth noting that on a piston-engined helicopter, the engine itself is the main noise generator, with the primary source being the exhaust noise emanating from the periodic expulsion of the hot gases of combustion. This produces harmonics at the engine firing frequency as indicated on Fig. 1, and in addition to being of high amplitude is very annoying since it occurs in the 200-1000 Hz range.
Aerodynamic Loading Induced on a Two-Dimensional Wing by a Free Vortex in Incompressible Flow
Authors: Hancock G. J. 
Published: March 2023

Practical problems often arise in which the aerodynamic loadings on wings and fins, due to nearby free vortices, are required. For example, aerodynamic loads on helicopter blades are affected by the tip vortices which are continuously being shed and which lie beneath the rotor plane. And vortices shed from the nose of an aircraft fuselage can induce significant side loads on a fin.The estimation of the aerodynamic load distribution on a moving wing in the neighbourhood of a free vortex (whose axis is primarily in the free stream direction) is an interesting problem which, as far as the author is aware, has not been discussed previously in the literature. Standard techniques for conventional linearised wing theory cannot be applied directly to this problem because the trailing vorticity shed from the wing trailing edge is affected by the flow field of the free vortex and so the mathematical application of the Kutta trailing edge condition is more complex.
Objectives and Standards for Air Safety
Authors: Black H. C. 
Published: March 2023

When I was invited to deliver this paper it was suggested that I should adopt the title “Standards and Objectives for Air Safety”. I welcomed this idea because I think that now is an appropriate time to review our approach to air safety and I would like to discuss some of the modern developments in standards. On reflection, however, I felt that I should really make a small change to the title to put the objectives before the standards and I hope my hosts will forgive me for taking this liberty. I must confess that there have been many cases where the standards got written first and the objectives were worked out afterwards. But I would like to treat them here in the order in which I think they should appear.I have been concerned for much of my working life with that part of safety called “airworthiness” but, as you probably know, it has been proposed that the ARB should now become part of a very much larger bureaucracy and so I hope my future colleagues will forgive me if I anticipate the merger with them and deal with safety in a rather broader sense.
Librational Damping of A Gravity Orientated System using Solar Radiation Pressure
Authors: Modi V. J. , Flanagan R. C. 
Published: March 2023

For many space applications, it is necessary to maintain a satellite in a fixed orientation relative to the earth. Unfortunately, a correctly positioned satellite deviates with time from this preferred orientation due to perturbing environmental forces. This explains considerable interest librational stability study in recent times.Among the numerous methods developed for librational control, a passive technique depending on the gradient of the gravitational field has gained attention. Depending on the orbital distance, environmental effects, such as, aerodynamic, radiation, and magnetic torques become significant compared to the gravity-gradient restoring moment. A need to determine the influence of these disturbing forces is thus evident.
A Study of the Spectral Gust Alleviation Factor
Authors: Huntley E. 
Published: March 2023

A great deal of research effort is going into the measurement of turbulent air velocities in relation to aircraft flight. There is a continuing need to review our knowledge of aircraft responses to air turbulence in order to appreciate the significance of the new information as it becomes available and in order to demonstrate which parameters in the problem are of most importance and therefore deserving of the closest study.At the present stage of aircraft development we can see dramatic changes in aircraft speed, size and shape. Increased aircraft size, speed and height of operation imply larger values of the gust mass parameter μg than hitherto; they also mean that structural flexibility is becoming increasingly significant. Change of shape towards the slender configuration involves us not only in new appraisals of aircraft aerodynamics, steady and unsteady, but also in different modes of structural distortion from those typical of current subsonic turbojet transport aircraft.
The significance of propulsion in commercial aircraft productivity
Authors: Torell Bruce N. 
Published: March 2023

You can pick up almost any history of aviation—from the early times to the present—and read of the exploits and adventures of pilots and their planes. Sir Charles Kingsford-Smith and his Fokker, Charles Lindbergh and his Ryan, Amelia Earhart and her Lockheed. We who have technical interests in aviation know that Kingsford- Smith and Lindbergh depended on their Whirlwinds, and Miss Earhart on a Wasp, but the popular stories often fail to make that point.In more modern times, the engines are equally vital but sometimes get overlooked. Once, when a new jet aircraft was being announced at a press briefing, an airline officer breathlessly described the aircraft, showed artists’ concepts of the cabin and flight deck, and talked at length of the systems and subsystems. After an hour-long description, he called on his audience of reporters, and then he got his come-uppance from an engine man’s point of view. A reporter at the back of the room was recognised, and asked: ‘And what is this aircraft going to be? A glider?’ The by now red-faced official had neglected to mention the powerplants.