bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WHAT CONSTITUTES INDECENT ASSAULT? S v Kock 2003 2 SACR 5 (SCA)
Authors: JMT Labuschagne  
Published: July 2023

The relevant facts in this case are that K, the appellant, a 27-year-old music teacher was arrested on 18 January 2002 and, pending further investigation, was placed in detention. He had been suspected of having committed acts of indecent assault on boys under the age of 16 years. The magistrate refused an application for his release on bail. After unsuccessfuly appealing to the Johannesburg High Court, K, with leave of the court a quo, successfully appealed to the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA).
Indecent assault on a person under the age of 16 years is included in Schedule 5. The State failed to present evidence of the arrest of K on specific charges and no formal charge-sheet which contained relevant detailed information on the charges had been drawn up. Furthermore, the State refused K's legal representative access to the docket. The reason provided for this refusal being that it would prejudice the continuing investigation. In his judgment on behalf of the court, Heher AJA observed that the State should have presented evidence in justification of its reliance on section 60(11)(b). This could have been done by the production of a certificate in terms of section 60(11A)(c). Notwithstanding the fact that Heher AJA did not rule out the possibility that the High Court in Prokureur-Generaal, Vrystaat v Ramokhosi (1997 1 SACR 127 (O) 156) might have been correct in finding that section 60(11) is only applicable if the detainee is accused of “'n definitiewe, omlynde en verstaanbare misdaad”, he assumed that “the State had done enough to bring the matter within the terms of the section”.According to the (second- or third-hand) information placed before the court it would appear that the acts complained of by the state witness boiled down to “grooming” which comprises “acts designed to prepare participants for a more adventurous stage of sexual exploration”. This includes the showing of pornographic videos, indulging in suggestive games with boys, non-erotic massaging of the bodies of the boys with oil or cream and sharing a bed with them at night (10). In her judgment the magistrate proceeded from the following definition of indecent assault:“Indecent assault is not only an offence where the accused has to touch the private parts of the children or otherwise but also any immoral or indecent act which is in its nature or circumstances indecent or immoral” (quotation and emphasis by Heher AJA (10)).
PEDİATRİK İLAÇ UYGULAMALARINDA KULLANILAN TOZ FLAKON ŞEKLİNDEKİ ANTİBİYOTİKLERİN KURU TOZ HACİMLERİNİN İN VİTRO ANALİZİ
Authors: KAYA Vildan , COŞKUN ERÇELİK Hamide , YILDIZ Dilek 
Published: July 2023

Amaç
Hemşireler ilaç uygulamasında son ve en kritik basamaktadır.
Doz hesaplamalarında kuru toz hacminin
dikkate alınması önemlidir. Çocuk ilaç uygulamalarında
göz ardı edilen kuru toz hacminin doğru dozun hesaplanmasındaki
etkisi yeterince bilinmemektedir. Bu
çalışmada çocukların ilaç uygulamalarında kullanılan
toz flakon şeklindeki antibiyotiklerin kuru toz hacimlerinin
in vitro analiz yöntemiyle incelenmesi ve kuru toz
hacim farkının belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Bu deneysel çalışma, Temmuz 2022- Ağustos 2022
tarihlerinde in vitro analiz yöntemi kullanılarak laboratuvar
ortamında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada çocuk
hemşireliğinde sık kullanılan 12 antibiyotiğin kuru toz
hacim farkı hesaplanmıştır. Bu amaçla iki araştırmacı
aynı anda birbirinden bağımsız olarak; her ilacı ikişer
defa hazırlamış, toplamda her ilaç için dört ölçüm
yapılmıştır. Elde edilen hacim farklarının ortalaması
alınarak her ilacın kuru toz hacmi hesaplanmıştır. Ölçümler
arasındaki gözlemci-içi ve gözlemciler-arası
uyuşum analizleri Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ile
değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, ölçümler arasındaki farkların
anlamlılığı da eşleştirilmiş t-testi ile analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular
Pediatrik ilaç uygulamalarında kullanılan toz flakon
şeklindeki antibiyotiklerin neredeyse tamamına yakını
(%95) değişen miktarlarda kuru toz hacmine sahiptir.
Kuru toz hacminin etkisiyle elde edilen toplam miktarın
ilacı sulandırmak için kullanılan sıvıdan fazla olduğu
ve kuru toz nedeniyle oluşan hacim artışının göz ardı
edildiği doz hesaplamalarında ilaç konsantrasyonunun
azaldığı doğrulanmıştır. Sulandırılan ilacın miligram
hacmi arttıkça kuru toz hacmi de artmaktadır.
İntravenöz ilaç doz hesaplamalarında 10 üniteden az
olan kuru toz hacim farkının göz ardı edilebileceği bulunmuştur.
Çocuk ilaç uygulamalarında, istem edilen
doz ne kadar küçük olursa olsun, doğru ilaç dozunun
hesaplanması için kuru toz hacmi dikkate alınmalıdır.
Sonuç
Kuru toz hacminin dikkate alınmaması çocuklara eksik
doz ilaç verilmesine neden olacağı için ilaç hataları
arasında yer almalıdır. İlaç prospektüslerinde kuru toz
hacmi bilgisine yer verilmesinin oldukça yararlı olacağı
düşünülmektedir. Öğrenci ve çalışan hemşirelerin
eğitimlerinde kuru toz hacmi bilgisini ve farkındalığını
artıracak içeriklere yer verilmesi yararlı olabilir.
Regulasi Belajar Mahasiswa Rantau Jurusan Psikologi Semester 5 Universitas Negeri Malang yang Bekerja
Authors: Ardha Reza Anabillah  , Azzahra Fancika Putri Kurniawan  , Mutia Husna Avezahra  
Published: July 2023

Working while in college or studying while working is not a new thing to be found in the world of lectures. There are many reasons for students. The challenge for students who also work is the division of time between study and work. One of the main competencies for successfully living life as a worker and a student is self-regulation learning. The purpose of this research is to find out how self-regulation learning is aimed at students at State University of Malang majoring in Psychology in semester 5 who live a life of migrating and working in terms of students' ability to regulate and monitor their thoughts, feelings, and behavior in carrying out their assignments. as a student who has responsibility as an academic scientist on campus and as a working person. This study uses a qualitative approach method. This study uses 5 people as informants. Using a phenomenological research type, research data were obtained by conducting participant observation, document analysis, in-depth interviews, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The results of the study show that the motivation behind them is studying while working because they want to live independently.
AbstrakBekerja sambil kuliah atau kuliah sambil bekerja bukanlah hal baru ditemui dalam dunia perkuliahan. Ada banyak hal yang menjadi alasan bagi mahasiswa. Tantangan bagi mahasiswa yang juga bekerja adalah pembagian waktu antara kuliah dan bekerja. Salah satu kompetensi utama untuk sukses manjalani kehidupan sebagai seorang pekerja dan seorang mahasiswa ialah self-regulation learning. Tujuan dari diadakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana self-regulation learning yang ditujukan kepada mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Malang jurusan Psikologi pada semester 5 yang menjalani kehidupan merantau dan bekerja dalam kaitannya dalam hal kemampuan mahasiswa ketika mengatur dan memonitor pikiran, perasaan, dan perilakunya dalam menjalankan tugas sebagai mahasiswa yang mempunyai tanggung jawab sebagai ilmuwan akademik dikampus dan sebagai orang yang bekerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan 5 orang sebagai narasumber. Menggunakan tipe penelitian fenomenologi, data penelitian didapat dengan melakukan observasi partisipan, analisis dokumen, wawancara mendalam, dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi yang melatarbelakangi mereka berkuliah sambil bekerja karena ingin hidup secara mandiri
Out of pocket expenditure on cancer patients at a tertiary care hospital of Lucknow
Authors: Verma Rahul , Akhtar Naseem , Singh Vijay Kumar , Ahmad Naim 
Published: July 2023

The increasing cost of cancer diagnosis and its management has led to a huge financial burden and noticed to be one of the major contributors to poverty. Out-of-pocket expenses (OOPE) significantly impact patients households work as well as experience to cancer treatment. Understanding its nature of burden will guide us in formulation of plans to avoid financial distress among the cancer patients.A tertiary care hospital based cross-sectional observational and analytical study was conducted on 120 cancer patients attending surgical OPD at King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, from July 2020 to November 2021. Sociodemographic and economic variables, costs incurred under various headings and expenditure details of the subjects were obtained by pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Direct medical and direct non-medical costs were calculated, and its total was used as the OOPE. Appropriate statistical tests were applied wherever applicable.Overall mean out-of-pocket expenditure by study participants was Rs 79925.5 (51776-121651). The expense on direct medical expenditure was Rs 45151(30051, 90051) and indirect non-medical expenditure was Rs 10000(5000,14000). We found significantly higher OOPE in subjects residing more than 100 km away from Lucknow (P = 0.017), with gall bladder cancer (P = 0.001), who were diagnosed with cancer while screening (P =0.034), who were diagnosed at Private clinic/hospital (P = &#60; 0.001) and delayed treatment (P = 0.023). Cancer patients experience significant OOPE following their diagnosis. Its impact on patient wellbeing with their treatment decisions need to be further studied.
Motyw kawii domowych (świnek morskich) w malarstwie europejskim doby nowożytnej
Authors: Strzemecka Joanna 
Published: July 2023

Przedmiotem niniejszych rozważań jest europejska recepcja motywu świnki morskiej na przykładzie dzieł malarskich z okresu od XVI do XVIII wieku. Interpretacja jej znaczenia w dawnej Europie jest o tyle interesująca, że dotyczy zwierzęcia o już ustalonej funkcji kulturowej. Ojczyzną świnki morskiej jest bowiem Ameryka Południowa, gdzie kawia hodowana była dla celów konsumpcyjnych, ale również pełniła ważną rolę społeczną i religijną. Kiedy kawia domowa trafiła do Europy, jako nowe zwierzątko o egzotycznych konotacjach zyskała status cennego okazu fauny i wkrótce stała się niezwykle modnym zwierzęciem hodowlanym wśród przedstawicieli wyższych sfer.
Ewolucję tę daje się zaobserwować na gruncie sztuki. „Naturalnym środowiskiem” dla kawii stają się przedstawienia o charakterze zoologicznym i naukowym. Początkowo wizerunek świnki morskiej trafił na karty leksykonów, by stamtąd przedostać się do rozbudowanych kompozycji animalistycznych umożliwiających przedstawienie możliwie jak największego spektrum różnorodnych gatunków fauny. Perspektywa przyrodoznawcza, która włączyła świnkę do europejskiego bestiarium, wpłynęła znacząco na dalszy rozwój, już samodzielnych, wizerunków zwierzęcia. Rozpowszechniają się one najmocniej na przełomie XVII i XVIII wieku, szczególnie wśród artystów związanych z kręgami dworskimi. Tworzone dla zamożnych kolekcjonerów przedstawienia te były wyrazem swoistej mody na ten właśnie temat animalistyczny, o czym świadczą wzajemne zapożyczenia wśród malarzy podejmujących omawiany motyw.
O paradigma da casa própria e o direito à moradia
Authors: Coura Lívia Maria de Souza Almeida , Stephan Ítalo 
Published: July 2023

O direito à moradia e o sonho da casa própria deveriam ser questões complementares, porém se mostram contraditórias quando, na busca pela concretização desse sonho, muitas famílias renunciam a direitos como acesso a serviços públicos básicos, responsáveis por integrar estes cidadãos ao meio social. O presente artigo, apresenta um estudo sobre a representatividade do direito a casa própria para o trabalhador, e o papel do Estado na sua garantia. Destaca o fato de que a política habitacional se pautou em tratar esse direito social de maneira mercantilizada, subordinada aos interesses do mercado imobiliário. Utiliza-se como metodologia a revisão bibliográfica, onde se encontra base para confirmar que a garantia do direito à moradia é encarada de forma indissociável da propriedade da casa.
Keanekaragaman Sosiokultural Berupa Pendidikan Multikultural, Gender dan Pembelajaran Diferensiasi
Authors: Akbar Pramono Idris 
Published: July 2023

Diversitas sosiokultural adalah sebuah konsep yang menggambarkan keberagaman masyarakat dan kebudayaan. Dalam Kurikulum 2013 (K-13) keberagaman itu dilihat dari dua aspek penting, yakni multikultural dan gender. Oleh sebab itu pendidikan multikultural dan gender menjadi hidden kurikulum yang harus diajarkan guru kepada anak didik, sehingga keberagaman budaya dan perbedaan peran berdasarkan jenis kelamin bisa diminimalisir oleh guru dalam proses pendidikan sehingga tidak berpotensi menimbulkan konflik dan persoalan di sekolah. Pada Kurikulum Merdeka diversitas sosiokultural tetap menjadi perhatian serius sehingga menjadi bagian dalam pengembangan Kurikulum Merdeka. Konsep deversitas sosiokultural diterapkan pada pembelajaran yang berdiferensiasi, yakni sebuahproses pembelajaran yang mencoba memperhatikan dan melayani kebutuhan belajar anak yang berbeda beda sesuai dengan karakteristik masing masingny
Nitrogen Enriched Organic fertilizer (NEO) elevates nitrification rates shortly after application but has no lasting effect on nitrification in agricultural soils
Authors: Mousavi Hesam , Solberg Svein Øivind , Cottis Thomas , Dörsch Peter 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the face of population growth, rising food production costs, limited arable land availability, and farmland environmental degradation, novel technologies are crucial to bolster the resilience of global agri-food systems. Nitrogen-Enriched Organic fertilizer (NEO) is produced using a new method, where dinitrogen (N2) is captured from the air through a plasma process and mixed with bio-based fertilizers as nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-). This process leads to solid slurry acidification and a high NO2- content, potentially yielding toxic inorganic or organic N compounds. In this study, we investigated the impact of NEO, derived from cattle slurry and biogas digestate, on soil nitrification, which involves the conversion of NH4+ to NO2- and NO3- by aerobic autotrophic bacteria and archaea. We investigated and compared the potential nitrification rates in soil samples from two agricultural trials (cereal and grass) treated with NEO and other fertilizers after two consecutive fertilization years. Additionally, we examined the immediate nitrification response to NEO through 72-hour bottle incubations. Our results revealed that NEO significantly stimulated nitrification rates in agitated soil slurries, regardless of the feedstock used, surpassing rates observed in ammonium controls. Similarly, this pattern was also observed in loosely placed soil samples, with high nitrification rates occurring with NEO and ammonium chloride. Surprisingly, the differences in nitrification rates between field-fertilized soil samples were minimal and inconsequential, suggesting that while NEO exhibits a rapid boost in nitrification rates shortly after application, this effect is not sustained ≈ six months after fertilization under field conditions. Consequently, NEO indicates its potential as an environmentally benign fertilizer without adversely affecting soil nitrifier communities.
Perceptions and Experiences of Parents and Teachers of Children With Special Needs: an Exploratory Study on Quality of Life
Authors: Bhutto Kinza , Muhammad Hamza Syed , Pradhan Nousheen , Abbas Kiran , Karmaliani Rozina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
The rationale of the study was to assess the perceptions and experiences of parents and teachers of children with special needs that affect their quality of life.
Methods
A qualitative exploratory research design using focus group discussions was selected for this study and carried out over a period of three months. The six domains of the WHO “Quality of life framework WHOQOL-100” had been used as a guiding principle for data collection. Purposive sampling technique was used to conduct six focus group discussions with 30 parents and 24 teachers of children with special needs at the Ida Rieu School for Deaf, Karachi and data was analyzed manually.
Results
The experiences and perspectives were captured in six major themes; 1) Social Dimensions of Parents 2) Personal insight 3) Deteriorating health 4) Inadequate capacity in care-giving 5) Financial constraints and 6) Perceptions about inclusive education for children with special needs. Parents and teachers of children with special needs shared negative impacts on physical and psychological health, economic hardships leading to teacher attrition, presence of depression, low societal support leading to social exclusion of parents, and lastly unpreparedness of the system for inclusive education.
Conclusion
Respondents’ quality of life was significantly affected by the special needs of children. Parents and teachers had important insights regarding those aspects of care-giving affecting their quality of life negatively and positively. Interventions aimed to address these issues may create positive impacts on the lives of these caregivers. The most effective ways of this are supportive social structure through formation of parental support groups and provision of school psychologists within special schools. Training for teachers to teach such children, coupled with better salary and benefit packages could enhance professional motivation and improve teacher retention.
Performance Extension of Wireless Mesh Sensor Network Communication Applied in Grape Farm
Authors: Boonsong Wasana , Inthasuth Tanakorn , Kannan Umapathy 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The effectiveness of data communication links in a wireless communication network is an essential factor to be considered. Many applications in an agricultural farm need technology to facilitate significantly and increase productivity in planting. This paper presents the performance extension of wireless mesh sensor network communication in a grape farm. The performance of distance extension for data communication in an agriculture farm is a central topic to be designed. Therefore, the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) demonstrates the strength of the communication link in an outdoor condition. This article adopts a wireless module of XCTU, a free multi-platform application designed to enable developers to interact with Digi RF modules through a simple-to-use graphical interface embedded with a microcontroller device to process data transmission tests. The results found that the XBee-S2 and XBee-Pro tags have an RSSI tested for -71.6 dBm and -25.9 dBm, respectively. However, the Xbee-Pro still had a higher RSSI test compared to XBee-S2 by 63.83%. However, in the application, the entrepreneur needs to consider which technology is a match to be used in their business correctly.
Prediction of Prognosis in Glioblastoma with Radiomics Features extracted by Synthetic MR Image using Cycle-consistent GAN
Authors: yoshimura hisanori , kawahara daisuke , ozawa shuichi , saito akito , nagata yasushi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To propose a style transfer model for multi-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images with a cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) and evaluate the image quality and prognosis prediction performance for glioblastoma (GBM) patients from the extracted radiomics features.
Methods
Style transfer models of T1 weighted MRI image (T1w) to T2 weighted MRI image (T2w) and T2w to T1w with CycleGAN were constructed using the BraTS dataset. The style transfer model was validated with the Cancer Genome Atlas Glioblastoma Multiforme (TCGA-GBM) dataset. Moreover, imaging features were extracted from real and synthesized images. These features were transformed to rad-scores by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-Cox regression. The prognosis performance was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.
Results
For the accuracy of the image quality of the real and synthesized MRI images, the MI, RMSE, PSNR, and SSIM were 0.991 ± 2.10, 2.79 ± 0.16, 40.16 ± 0.38, and 0.995 ± 2.11, for T2w, and .992 ± 2.63, 2.49 ± 6.89, 40.51 ± 0.22, and 0.993 ± 3.40 for T1w, respectively. The survival time had a significant difference between good and poor prognosis groups for both real and synthesized T2w (p<0.05). However, the survival time had no significant difference between good and poor prognosis groups for both real and synthesized T1w. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the real and synthesized T2w in both good and poor prognoses. The results of T1w were similar in the point that there was no significant difference between the real and synthesized T1w.
Conclusions
It was found that the synthesized image could be used for prognosis prediction. The proposed prognostic model using CycleGAN could reduce the cost and time of image scanning, leading to a promotion to build the patient’s outcome prediction with multi-contrast images.
Load Frequency control in interconnected Microgrids using Hybrid PSO-GWO based PI-PD controller
Authors: Ray Pravat Kumar , PUHAN PRATAP SEKHAR , Bartwal Akash 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

In multi microgrid systems, frequency deviation in islanding condition is one of the major issues. Frequency deviation is not only due to the load changing conditions but also due to the present of different renewable energy sources in the micro grid and system disturbances. In such system, it is very difficult to achieve the satisfactory operating condition with the existing conventional PI/PID controllers. In this paper, new controllers are suggested to improve the deviation of frequency as well as to maintain the power flow in tie-line in island condition in microgrid system. The suggested controller uses the combination of PSO-GWO algorithm and hence known as hybrid technique, this technique is implemented in the work to obtain the optimal parameter of both PID and PI-PD controllers. To verify the effectiveness of the hybrid techniques, a microgrid system with different conditions is developed with the help of MATLAB/SIMULINK software and finally the implementation of the controller is carried out with help of this technique, the obtained results prove the ability of the techniques as it is successfully achieving the desired outputs.