bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How should policymakers regulate the tetrahydrocannabinol content of cannabis products in a legal market?
Authors: Hall Wayne , Leung Janni , Carlini Beatriz H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAn increased use of high‐potency cannabis products since cannabis legalization in the United States, Canada and elsewhere may increase cannabis‐related harm. Policymakers have good reasons for regulating more potent cannabis in ways that minimize harm, using approaches similar to those used to regulate alcohol; namely, banning the sale of high‐potency cannabis, setting a cap on tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content and imposing higher rates of taxes on more potent cannabis products. Given the difficulty that US policymakers have had in regulating cannabis extracts and edibles, governments that are planning to legalize cannabis need to put policies on extracts into enabling legislation and evaluate the impact of these policies on cannabis use and cannabis‐related harms.
Optimal foraging of lions at the human wildlands interface
Authors: Everatt Kristoffer T. , Kokes Rae , Robinson Hugh , Kerley Graham I. H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOptimal foraging and landscape of fear theories provide frameworks which can be useful for investigating animal's space and prey use decisions. Predators, such as African lions Panthera leo, are likely to respond to prey abundance, accessibility, profitability and potential risks, often anthropogenic in nature, while making foraging decision. Identifying the relative role of these processes has important conservation implications. We investigated the relative role of responses to a pastoralist landscape of fear within lion feeding and spatial ecology in a landscape at the human‐wildlands interface. We collected spatial and predation data from 12 GPS‐collared lions and ungulate count data from transects, along the South Africa–Mozambique border, including parts of Kruger, Limpopo and Banhine National Parks. We calculated Jacobs' Index values from 80 kills to investigate lion selection of wild and domestic ungulates as prey, used maximum entropy modelling to predict multi‐season ungulate spatial occurrence and used resource selection functions to estimate the relative probability of use of wild and domestic ungulate areas by lions. All lions had access to wild prey and domestic livestock within their home ranges. Lions showed a strong selection for large‐bodied wild ungulates as prey taking waterbuck, zebra, kudu and buffalo more frequently then predicted by their availability. Lions showed a slight avoidance of cattle as prey, with cattle outnumbering larger ungulates across much of the study area. Lions showed the greatest selection for habitats with high occurrences of wild prey, specifically areas with kudu, then nyala and buffalo, during the dry seasons and showed strong avoidance of cattle areas during the wet season; a season when cattle are kept closer to settlements and thus better protected and easier to predict and avoid. These results suggest that lions select for wild prey and habitats optimally, yet show a fear response to cattle and cattle areas. This duality in the foraging behaviour of lions suggests that efforts to mitigate human–lion conflict and preserve vulnerable lion populations should focus on both increasing wild ungulate populations as well as exploiting lion's fear of humans with careful consideration of the risks of livestock presence acting as an ecological trap for vulnerable lion populations.
“What's going on with my China?”: Political subjectivity, scalar inquiry, and the magical power of Li Wenliang
Authors: Pritzker Sonya E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article examines how the death of Li Wenliang, in February 2020, served as an affordance for Chinese netizens to engage with their intimate sense of themselves as political subjects through the interrogative process of scalar inquiry. Li, an ophthalmologist at Wuhan Central Hospital who was sanctioned by Chinese authorities in 2019 for warning friends about the virus, was also an eminently normative and successful Han Chinese citizen who many saw as a reflection of themselves. His persecution, public humiliation, and death thus indexed the vulnerability of even the most compliant subjects and triggered an unprecedented public response that included both grief and outrage. Although largely censored within hours, this response continued to emerge throughout the year in a public mega‐thread on his Weibo “Wailing Wall.” This article draws on an alternative archive of censored messages on Li's Weibo page—usually described as an affective, apolitical space—to demonstrate how the Wailing Wall also becomes a unique sociomoral space in which people collaboratively reflect upon their sense of themselves as embodied subjects. Scalar inquiry, I suggest, thus emerges as a continual, collaborative, and simultaneously personal and political process of interrogating citizenship and nationhood vis‐à‐vis the remembered past, the experienced present, and the anticipated future.
Burn to harvest, burn to sabotage: Between fire and water on a sugar plantation in Madagascar
Authors: Zhang Mingyuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSince 2009, the Chinese state‐owned corporation SINLANX has been managing the Anjava Sugar Plantation, previously managed by French, Malagasy, and Mauritian companies, in northern Madagascar. Built upon the infrastructure constructed by the French colonial regime and operating based on a collaboration agreement between SINLANX and the Malagasy state‐owned sugar company, Anjava presents a telling story of spatialized acts of survival and racialized conflicts over land and water in the interstitial spaces between capitalist production and subsistence economy. Malagasy villagers’ access to resources is often squeezed by multiple enclosures: a water‐delivery system and a land‐distribution system that prioritize sugar production and a bureaucratic system that punishes those who transgress the enclosures. Although Anjava villagers take advantage of the rhythm of sugar harvests and the nature of fire to sabotage sugar production or to make water claims for their livelihood, the agrarian and infrastructural arrangements at Anjava have perpetuated conditions of chronic precarity and profound marginalization of a landless population. The struggles at Anjava must be contextualized in the complex and ambiguous spaces between capital and labor, livelihood and resistance, dominance and adaptation, and ethnic collaboration and hostility.
Trends and variations in post‐mastectomy breast reconstruction rates in Australia over 10 years
Authors: Dayaratna Nirmal , Nguyen Chu Luan , Spillane Andrew , Mak Cindy , Warrier Sanjay Kumar , Dusseldorp Joseph R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundOffering breast reconstruction (BR) at the time of mastectomy is standard of care in Australia with proven quality‐of‐life benefits. Previously BR rates in Australia have been low compared to similar countries. Accurate up‐to‐date information is needed to promote equity in access to BR and inform future planning of services. This study analysed recent trends and variations of BR uptake in Australia.MethodData from the BreastSurgANZ Quality Audit (BQA) were used to identify patients who underwent mastectomy with or without reconstruction for invasive or in situ breast carcinoma from 2010 to 2019. The association between BR uptake and the variables of jurisdiction (state or territory), age, hospital type and remoteness, and remoteness of patients' home addresses were analysed.ResultsA total 41 880 women underwent mastectomy between 2010 to 2019. The national BR rate steadily increased from 12.8% in 2010 to 29% in 2019, with a 10‐year national average of 21.3%. Statistically significant differences in BR uptake (P < 0.001) were found between states with higher rates in New South Wales and Victoria, with BR more likely in private hospitals and in younger women (P < 0.001), and less likely in remote areas (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe Australian BR rate has increased over the 10‐year period, but significant variation still exists between states. BR is lower in older women and those living in regional and remote areas. While the steady increase in BR uptake is encouraging, barriers that exist to equitable provision of reconstructive surgical services for all women living with breast cancer still need to be corrected.
Post‐discharge patient‐reported non‐adherence to aspirin compared to enoxaparin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after hip or knee arthroplasty
Authors: Sidhu Verinder , Naylor Justine M. , Adie Sam , Bastiras Durga , Buchbinder Rachelle , Ackerman Ilana , Harris Ian A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAspirin and enoxaparin are commonly used for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis following total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to compare non‐adherence after discharge to aspirin or enoxaparin following THA or TKA.MethodsA subset of participants in the CRISTAL study were selected for participation. Additional inclusion criteria were no preoperative anticoagulant use and discharge from hospital before the prophylaxis period ended. The first four consecutive patients from each arm at each participating hospital were planned to be recruited (planned sample size n = 248). A patient‐reported adherence questionnaire was completed by telephone at 36–41 days after THA and at 15–20 days after TKA. The primary outcome was non‐adherence. Secondary outcomes were number of missed doses and the reasons for non‐adherence.ResultsThere were 178 participants included from 15 sites, less than planned explained by early stopping of trial recruitment. There was no significant between‐group difference in patient‐reported non‐adherence: 24% (17/71) for aspirin, 30% (32/107) for enoxaparin, odds ratio = 1.4 (95% CI 0.7–2.9). The mean number of missed doses was 2.5 for aspirin and 3.4 for enoxaparin (mean difference = 0.9 doses, 95% CI −1.2 to 3.1). For aspirin, the most commonly reported reason for non‐adherence was forgotten doses and for enoxaparin it was clinician‐recommended change.ConclusionsRates of non‐adherence and the number of missing doses were similar for patients regardless of drug prescribed. The most common reasons for non‐adherence were unrelated to the mode of administration.
Associations of the Oxford Knee Score and knee arthroplasty revision at long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Tay Mei Lin , Monk A. Paul , Frampton Chris M. , Hooper Gary J. , Young Simon W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐reported outcome measures are increasingly being collected for healthcare evaluation therefore it is prudent to understand their associations with patient outcomes. Our aims were to investigate: (1) if Oxford Knee Score (OKS) is associated with impending revision at long‐term (5 and 10 years) follow‐up, and (2) if decreased OKS at subsequent follow‐ups is associated with higher risk of revision.Patients and MethodsAll total knee (TKAs) and unicompartmental knee arthroplasties (UKAs) between 1999 and 2019 in the New Zealand Joint Registry with an OKS at 6 months (TKA n = 27 708, UKA n = 8415), 5 years (TKA n = 11 519, UKA n = 3365) or 10 years (TKA n = 6311, UKA n = 1744) were included. Logistic regression determined associations of the OKS with revision within 2 years of each score. Change in OKS between timepoints were compared with revision risk.ResultsFor every one‐unit increase in OKS, the odds of TKA and UKA revision decreased by 10% and 11% at 6 months, 10% and 12% at 5 years and 9% and 5% at 10 years. For both procedures a decrease of seven or more OKS points from previous follow‐up was associated with higher risk of revision (5 years: TKA 4.7% versus 0.5%, UKA 8.7% versus 0.9%; 10 years: TKA 4.4% versus 0.7%, UKA 11.3% versus 1.5%; all P < 0.01).ConclusionThe OKS had a strong negative association with risk of impending TKA and UKA revision from early to long‐term (10+ years) follow‐up. A decrease of seven or more points when compared with the previous follow‐up was also associated with higher revision risk.
Rats lackingUcp1present a novel translational tool for the investigation of thermogenic adaptation during cold challenge
Authors: Warfel Jaycob D. , Elks Carrie M. , Bayless David S. , Vandanmagsar Bolormaa , Stone Allison C. , Velasquez Samuel E. , Olivares‐Nazar Paola , Noland Robert C. , Ghosh Sujoy , Zhang Jingying , Mynatt Randall L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimValuable studies have tested the role of UCP1 on body temperature maintenance in mice, and we sought to knockoutUcp1in rats (Ucp1−/−) to provide insight into thermogenic mechanisms in larger mammals.MethodsWe used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to createUcp1−/−rats. Body weight and adiposity were measured, and rats were subjected to indirect calorimetry. Rats were maintained at room temperature or exposed to 4°C for either 24 h or 14 days. Analyses of brown and white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were conducted via histology, western blot comparison of oxidative phosphorylation proteins, and qPCR to compare mitochondrial DNA levels and mRNA expression profiles. RNA‐seq was performed in skeletal muscle.ResultsUcp1−/−rats withstood 4°C for 14 days, but core temperature steadily declined. All rats lost body weight after 14 days at 4°C, but controls increased food intake more robustly thanUcp1−/−rats. Brown adipose tissue showed signs of decreased activity inUcp1−/−rats, while mitochondrial lipid metabolism markers in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were increased.Ucp1−/−rats displayed more visible shivering and energy expenditure than controls at 4°C. Skeletal muscle transcriptomics showed more differences between genotypes at 23°C than at 4°C.ConclusionRoom temperature presented sufficient cold stress to rats lacking UCP1 to activate compensatory thermogenic mechanisms in skeletal muscle, which were only activated in control rats following exposure to 4°C. These results provide novel insight into thermogenic responses to UCP1 deficiency; and highlightUcp1−/−rats as an attractive translational model for the study of thermogenesis.
Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of apatinib in adult cancer patients
Authors: Yang Xin‐Mei , Ye Pan‐Pan , Liu Xiao‐Lin , Guo Zi‐Xuan , Kan Min , Li Qian , Song Lin‐Lin , Liu Hong‐Ying , Chen Ke‐Guang , Shi Jin‐Yi , Zhang Ye‐Hui , Li Ya , Zhao Fu‐Rong , van den Anker John , Li Yan , Zhao Wei 
Published: January 2023

AimsApatinib is widely used in Chinese cancer patients. As the in vivo drug disposition of apatinib has large individual differences, adverse events are prone to occur. Cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A5 and cancer types maybe the main factors affecting this individual differences. The objective of our study was to establish a population pharmacokinetics (PK) model of apatinib in adult cancer patients, and to explore optimal dosage regimens for individualized treatment.MethodsAdult patients with various types of cancer treated with apatinib were enrolled. The concentration of apatinib in plasma was determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. CYP3A5 genotype was determined using TaqMan allelic discrimination technique. The population PK model was developed by NONMEM V7.4. The dosing regimen was optimized based on Monte Carlo simulations.ResultsA population PK model of apatinib in adult cancer patient was established. CYP3A5 genotype and systemic cancer type (digestive system cancers, nondigestive system cancers) were the most significant covariates for PK parameters. Patients with CYP3A5*1 expressers (CYP3A5*1/*1 and CYP3A5*1/*3) had lower apparent clearance and apparent volume of distribution than patients who do not express CYP3A5*1 (CYP3A5*3/*3). Patients with nondigestive system cancer had higher apparent volume of distribution and absorption rate constant than digestive system cancer. The results of dose simulation suggest that the apatinib dose in patients who do not express CYP3A5*1 should be 33.33–50.00% higher than that in CYP3A5*1 expressers.ConclusionsA population PK model of apatinib in adult cancer patients was established. CYP3A5 genotype and systemic cancer type had concurrent effects on PK parameters. CYP3A5 patients who do not express CYP3A5*1 required higher doses.
Lithium and risk of cardiovascular disease, dementia and venous thromboembolism
Authors: Ponzer Katja , Millischer Vincent , Schalling Martin , Gissler Mika , Lavebratt Catharina , Backlund Lena 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if long‐term lithium treatment is associated with protective effects or increased risk of vascular, neurological, and renal disorders.MethodsUsing nationwide registers, we included all citizens of Finland with dispensations of lithium for three or more consecutive years between 1995 and 2016. We identified 9698 cases and matched 96,507 controls without lithium treatment. Studied outcomes were vascular, neurological, renal disorders, and suicide. Analyses were performed applying Cox proportional hazards modeling in full cohort and in further subcohort analysis of individuals with a comparable diagnosis of mood or psychotic disorder.ResultsLithium users had a significantly higher overall disease burden compared to matched population controls, including a higher risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders and dementia. However, compared to individuals with a diagnosis of mood or psychotic disorders without lithium treatment, we observed a lower risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders (HR = 0.80, 99% CI = 0.73–0.89), and no significant difference for dementia (HR = 1.15, 99% CI = 0.99‐1.33), in lithium users. Pulmonary embolism was more common in the lithium‐treated cases both in comparison to the general population (HR = 2.86, 99% CI = 2.42–3.37) and in comparison to the psychiatric subcohort (HR = 1.68, 99% CI = 1.31–2.17). Similarly, the risks of Parkinson's disease and kidney disease were higher in both comparisons.ConclusionsWe conclude that individuals prescribed lithium have a lower risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, but no marked effect on dementia, compared to individuals with a mood or psychotic disorder not prescribed lithium. Venous thromboembolism, Parkinson's disease, and kidney disease were significantly more prevalent in individuals prescribed lithium.
Prospective associations between grandiose narcissism and perfectionism: A longitudinal study in adolescence
Authors: Vecchione Michele , Vacca Mariacarolina , Dentale Francesco , Spagnolo Giorgia , Lombardo Caterina , Geukes Katharina , Back Mitja D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe current study investigates the longitudinal association between grandiose narcissism and multidimensional perfectionism over 2 years in adolescence. We adopted the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Concept, which differentiates between two aspects of grandiose narcissism. We also considered multiple dimensions of perfectionism, including Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP) and two forms of Self‐Oriented Perfectionism (SOP), namely the tendencies to set high standards of performance (SOP‐Striving) and to engage in overly critical self‐evaluations (SOP‐Critical). The study was conducted in a sample of Italian high school students (n = 331). Concurrent correlations indicated that Admiration was positively related to SOP‐Striving and, to a lesser extent, to SOP‐Critical and SPP. Rivalry was also positively related to the three perfectionistic dimensions, although correlations were smaller in size than those found for Admiration. Prospective associations between narcissism and perfectionism were analysed using a Random‐Intercept Cross‐Lagged Panel Model. Results showed that the predominant direction of effects was from narcissism to perfectionism, particularly from Admiration to SOP‐Striving and SPP. Findings were discussed in terms of their implications for the understanding of the narcissism‐perfectionism link.
Relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis of the efficacy of novel therapies
Authors: Minakata Daisuke , Fujiwara Shin‐ichiro , Yokoyama Daizo , Noguchi Atsuto , Aoe Shuka , Oyama Takashi , Koyama Shunsuke , Murahashi Rui , Nakashima Hirotomo , Hyodo Kazuki , Ikeda Takashi , Kawaguchi Shin‐ichiro , Toda Yumiko , Ito Shoko , Nagayama Takashi , Mashima Kiyomi , Umino Kento , Morita Kaoru , Ashizawa Masahiro , Yamamoto Chihiro , Hatano Kaoru , Sato Kazuya , Ohmine Ken , Kanda Yoshinobu 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThe prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM) has dramatically improved with the development of new drugs, and it has become important to determine the appropriate combinations of these novel agents. This study was a systematic review and network meta‐analysis (NMA) of randomized trials in patients with relapsed and/or refractory (RR) MM. The PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched for randomized trials from 1 January 2002 to 28 February 2022 of patients treated for MM. The primary end‐point was progression‐free survival (PFS), evaluated as a hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) compared to dexamethasone (DEX). The p‐score was used to rank treatments. Of a total of 1136 abstracts screened, 37 studies were selected, including 34 treatment options for RRMM. Daratumumab, lenalidomide and DEX was found to be the best treatment for RRMM, with the best HR compared to DEX (HR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.08–0.20; p‐score 0.9796). There was no evidence of significant heterogeneity (I2, 41.3%; p = 0.146). The current NMA confirmed the excellent efficacy of three‐drug regimens including anti‐CD38 antibodies to treat RRMM and provides background data to evaluate the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell treatments and bispecific T‐cell engager therapies.
Sex difference in prebiotics on gut and blood–brain barrier dysfunction underlying stress‐induced anxiety and depression
Authors: Jiang Jiajun , Fu Yaoyang , Tang Anying , Gao Xingle , Zhang Danhua , Shen Yuting , Mou Tingting , Hu Shaohua , Gao Jingfang , Lai Jianbo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundMost of the previous studies have demonstrated the potential antidepressive and anxiolytic role of prebiotic supplement in male subjects, yet few have females enrolled. Herein, we explored whether prebiotics administration during chronic stress prevented depression‐like and anxiety‐like behavior in a sex‐specific manner and the mechanism of behavioral differences caused by sex.MethodsFemale and male C57 BL/J mice on normal diet were supplemented with or without a combination of fructo‐oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto‐oligosaccharides (GOS) during 3‐ and 4‐week chronic restraint stress (CRS) treatment, respectively. C57 BL/J mice on normal diet without CRS were used as controls. Behavior consequences, gut microbiota, dysfunction of gut and brain–blood barriers, and inflammatory profiles were measured.ResultsIn the 3rd week, FOS + GOS administration attenuated stress‐induced anxiety‐like behavior in female, but not in male mice, and the anxiolytic effects in males were observed until the 4th week. However, protective effects of prebiotics on CRS‐induced depression were not observed. Changes in the gene expression of tight junction proteins in the distal colon and hippocampus, and decreased number of colon goblet cells following CRS were restored by prebiotics only in females. In both female and male mice, prebiotics alleviated stress‐induced BBB dysfunction and elevation in pro‐inflammatory cytokines levels, and modulated gut microbiota caused by stress. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed that anxiety‐like behaviors were significantly correlated with levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and gene expression of tight junction proteins in the hippocampus of female mice, and the abundance of specific gut microbes was also correlated with anxiety‐like behaviors, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and gene expression of tight junction proteins in the hippocampus of female mice.ConclusionFemale mice were more vulnerable to stress and prebiotics than males. The gut microbiota, gut and blood–brain barrier, and inflammatory response may mediate the protective effects of prebiotics on anxiety‐like behaviors in female mice.