bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased acylcarnitines in infant heart failure indicate fatty acid oxidation inhibition: towards therapeutic options?
Authors: Issa Jean , Lodewyckx Pierre , Blasco Hélène , Benz‐de‐Bretagne Isabelle , Labarthe François , Lefort Bruno 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsHeart failure in adults is characterized by reduction of long‐chain fatty acid oxidation in favour of carbohydrate metabolism. This adaptive phenomenon becomes maladaptive because energy conversion decreases and lipid toxic derivatives known to impair cardiac function are accumulating. No data are available concerning metabolic modification in heart failure in children.Methods and resultsIn order to evaluate the fatty acid oxidation in children suffering from heart failure, acylcarnitine profiles on dried blood spots were obtained from children under 16 years old with dilated cardiomyopathy and clinical heart failure (DCM‐HF) and control children. Nine children were included in the DCM‐HF group and eight in the control group. Acylcarnitine profiles revealed a significant 3.1‐fold increase of total acylcarnitines (sum of C3 to C18 acylcarnitine species) in DCM‐HF children compared with controls. This result persisted considering the sum of long‐chain acylcarnitines (sum of C14 to C18 species), medium‐chain acylcarnitines (sum of C8 to C12 species), and short‐chain acylcarnitines (sum of C3 to C6 species), respectively, 2.0‐, 2.6‐, and 1.9‐fold increase compared with the control group. A significant linear correlation was found between left ventricular dilatation or ejection fraction and acylcarnitines accumulation. Finally, acylcarnitine ratio C16OH/C16 and C18OH/C18 enhanced in the DCM‐HF group, suggesting a diminution of the long‐chain hydroxyl acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase activity.ConclusionsOur results suggest down‐regulation of fatty acid oxidation in children with heart failure. Such lipidomic alteration could worsen heart function and may suggest considering a metabolic treatment of heart failure in children.
Practice makes perfect: Restrained eaters' heightened control for food images
Authors: Ostende Mechteld M. van den Hoek , Schwarz Ulrike , Gawrilow Caterina , Kaup Barbara , Svaldi Jennifer 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveRestrained eaters (RE) show behaviourally unregulated food intake, which is often explained by a deficit in inhibitory control. Despite evidence for general inhibitory deficits in RE, it remains unclear how the variety of (food) cues in our environment can influence cognitive control.MethodIn this re‐analysis, we explored the inhibitory capacity of RE and unrestrained eaters (URE) on a stop‐signal task with modal (pictures) and amodal (word) food and non‐food stimuli.ResultsAlthough we did not find the expected inhibitory deficits in RE compared to URE, we found a significant Group × Modality × Stimulus Type interaction. This indicated that RE have relatively good inhibitory control for food, compared to non‐food modal cues, and that this relationship is reversed for amodal cues.ConclusionsHence, we showed differential processing of information based on food‐specificity and presentation format in RE. The format of food cues is thus an important new avenue to understand how the food environment impedes those struggling with regulating their eating behaviour.
Toward Meeting the Obligation of Respect for Persons in Pragmatic Clinical Trials
Authors: Morain Stephanie R. , Kraft Stephanie A. , Wilfond Benjamin S. , Mcguire Amy , Dickert Neal W. , Garland Andrew , Sugarman Jeremy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearch ethics oversight systems have traditionally emphasized the informed consent process as the primary means by which to demonstrate respect for prospective subjects. Yet how researchers can best fulfill the ethical obligations of respect for persons in pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs)—particularly those that may alter or waive informed consent—remains unknown. We propose eight dimensions of demonstrating respect in PCTs: (1) engaging patients and communities in research design and execution, (2) promoting transparency and open communication, (3) maximizing agency, (4) minimizing burdens and promoting accessibility, (5) protecting privacy and confidentiality, (6) valuing interpersonal interactions with clinicians and study team members, (7) providing compensation, and (8) maximizing social value. While what respect requires in the context of PCTs will vary based on the nature of the PCT in question, the breadth of these dimensions demonstrates that respect obligations extend beyond informed consent processes.
Age at diagnosis for lung, colon, breast and prostate cancers: An international comparative study
Authors: Zahed Hana , Feng Xiaoshuang , Sheikh Mahdi , Bray Freddie , Ferlay Jacques , Ginsburg Ophira , Shiels Meredith S. , Robbins Hilary A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDifferences in the average age at cancer diagnosis are observed across countries. We therefore aimed to assess international variation in the median age at diagnosis of common cancers worldwide, after adjusting for differences in population age structure. We used IARC's Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) Volume XI database, comprising cancer diagnoses between 2008 and 2012 from population‐based cancer registries in 65 countries. We calculated crude median ages at diagnosis for lung, colon, breast and prostate cancers in each country, then adjusted for population age differences using indirect standardization. We showed that median ages at diagnosis changed by up to 10 years after standardization, typically increasing in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) and decreasing in high‐income countries (HICs), given relatively younger and older populations, respectively. After standardization, the range of ages at diagnosis was 12 years for lung cancer (median age 61‐Bulgaria vs 73‐Bahrain), 12 years for colon cancer (60‐the Islamic Republic of Iran vs 72‐Peru), 10 years for female breast cancer (49‐Algeria, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Republic of Korea vs 59‐USA and others) and 10 years for prostate cancer (65‐USA, Lithuania vs 75‐Philippines). Compared to HICs, populations in LMICs were diagnosed with colon cancer at younger ages but with prostate cancer at older ages (both pLMICS‐vs‐HICs < 0.001). In countries with higher smoking prevalence, lung cancers were diagnosed at younger ages in both women and men (both pcorr < 0.001). Female breast cancer tended to be diagnosed at younger ages in East Asia, the Middle East and Africa. Our findings suggest that the differences in median ages at cancer diagnosis worldwide likely reflect population‐level variation in risk factors and cancer control measures, including screening.
Adding fasting‐mimicking diet to first‐line carboplatin‐based chemotherapy is associated with better overall survival in advanced triple‐negative breast cancer patients: A subanalysis of the NCT03340935 trial
Authors: Ligorio Francesca , Lobefaro Riccardo , Fucà Giovanni , Provenzano Leonardo , Zanenga Lucrezia , Nasca Vincenzo , Sposetti Caterina , Salvadori Giulia , Ficchì Angela , Franza Andrea , Martinetti Antonia , Sottotetti Elisa , Formisano Barbara , Depretto Catherine , Scaperrotta Gianfranco , Belfiore Antonino , Vingiani Andrea , Ferraris Cristina , Pruneri Giancarlo , de Braud Filippo , Vernieri Claudio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSevere calorie restriction, in the form of cyclic fasting or fasting‐mimicking diets (FMDs), boosts the antitumor activity of cytotoxic chemotherapy in mouse models of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). This effect is mostly mediated by fasting/FMD‐induced reduction of plasma glucose concentration and by a boost in antitumor immunity. However, clinical evidence that cyclic FMD may impact on the outcomes of advanced TNBC (aTNBC) patients is lacking. We compared the overall survival (OS) of 14 aTNBC patients receiving first‐line carboplatin‐gemcitabine plus cyclic FMD in the context of the NCT03340935 trial with the OS of 76 consecutive aTNBC patients treated with carboplatin‐based chemotherapy alone at Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to adjust the prognostic impact of FMD for other prognostic variables. Patients undergoing cyclic FMD in combination with carboplatin‐gemcitabine had better OS when compared to patients receiving chemotherapy alone (median OS 30.3 months, 95% CI 18‐NR, vs 17.2 months, 95% CI 15.3‐25.1, log‐rank P value .041). Multivariable analysis confirmed an association between FMD use and better OS (HR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.19‐0.86; P = .019) also after propensity score‐based matching according to patient ECOG PS and the presence of de novo metastatic disease (HR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.21‐0.83; P = .013). Cyclic FMD in combination with first‐line chemotherapy may improve clinical outcomes in aTNBC patients. Our study paves the way for conducting phase II trials to investigate if cyclic FMD can increase the antitumor activity/efficacy of chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy in patients with early‐stage TNBC or aTNBC.
How school policies, strategies, and relational factors contribute to teacher victimization and school safety
Authors: Astor Ron Avi , Benbenishty Rami , Capp Gordon P. , Watson Kate R. , Wu Chaoyue , McMahon Susan D. , Worrell Frank C. , Reddy Linda A. , Martinez Andrew , Espelage Dorothy L. , Anderman Eric M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, we examined how school policies and strategies (i.e., positive discipline, hardening strategies, and positive behavioral strategies) affect teacher relational factors and teacher reports of victimization and safety. Specifically, we examined the mediational roles of teacher support of student learning, maltreatment of students by teachers, and teachers' differential treatment of students in schools. Using a sample of 6643 pre‐K‐12th‐grade teachers, path analysis results revealed that positive behavior strategies, hardening strategies, and positive discipline were indirectly associated with teacher victimization and sense of safety. Additionally, teachers' perceptions of other teachers maltreating students had the greatest contributions to their sense of safety and victimization by students. Positive discipline was directly and indirectly associated with teacher victimization and safety. Implications and directions for future studies are discussed.
An exploration of cultural competency training and genetic counselors' racial biases
Authors: Quillin John M. , Shin Yongyun , Shin Dongho , Carmany Erin , Duffy Conor , Hagiwara Nao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearch shows genetic counselors generally have pro‐White implicit biases—both prejudice and stereotyping. Cultural competency training aims to foster equitable beliefs, behaviors, and attitudes in cross‐cultural genetic counseling sessions, including those that are racially discordant (genetic counselors and patients are from different racial backgrounds). Therefore, cultural competency training has the potential to mitigate bias and reduce disparities. Here, we report the prevalence of cultural competency training among genetic counselors and associations between recency of training and counselors' racial biases. We conducted an online survey of genetic counselors and trainees in fall 2021. The survey assessed four types of bias (implicit/explicit prejudice and implicit/explicit stereotyping), time since last cultural competency training, time since last communication skills training, and frequency of clinic sessions with Black patients. Multiple linear regressions modeled associations between cultural competency training and different types of bias, adjusting for communication skills training, frequency of encounters with Black patients, and counselor race (White vs. non‐White). Two hundred fifteen participants (107 genetic counselors and 108 trainees) responded, and 205 reported whether they had prior cultural competency training. Of these, 187 (91%) reported ever having cultural competency training, most (53%) of participants who had training had it within 6 months prior to survey completion. We found no clear pattern of associations between cultural competency training and racial biases (implicit or explicit) in adjusted analyses. Participants who had cultural competency training four or more years prior demonstrated less negative implicit stereotyping toward Black individuals compared with those having more recent training; but no statistically significant effect was found for participants who reported never having cultural competency training, compared with those having training more recently than 4 years prior. Overall, our findings do not support that cultural competency training is negatively associated with, or mitigates, Black/White racial prejudices and stereotypes against Black patients. These findings suggest more effective interventions are needed to reduce racial biases.
Changes in Positive and Negative Affect during Creative Process Engagement
Authors: Montag‐Smit Tamara , Keith Melissa G. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTThe present research examines how creative process engagement (information gathering, idea generation, idea evaluation, and idea pitch) influences the affective states of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). Drawing from motivation theory and research, we proposed that creative process behaviors that are more autonomous and less constrained will increase positive affect. Additionally, creative process behaviors that are more likely to be perceived as making negative goal progress are expected to result in higher levels of negative affect. We also examine boundary conditions of these effects including task‐relevant knowledge, perceived performance, and baseline affect. Results from two studies confirm that idea generation, which is considered an autonomous activity, increases PA levels. This effect holds true across varying starting affect levels (excited, calm, and neutral). Moreover, results confirm that information search, which may be perceived as making negative goal progress, increases NA levels and PA levels decrease when task‐relevant knowledge is low. The effects of idea evaluation and idea pitch on PA and NA are mixed across the two studies. The implications of these findings for understanding how the creative process impacts affect are discussed.
The Anthropocene's stratigraphic reality and the humanities: a response to Finney and Gibbard (2023) and to Chvostek (2023)
Authors: Thomas Julia Adeney 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Anthropocene Epoch is a crucial conceptual breakthrough not only for stratigraphy but also for the humanities. The question, raised by Chvostek (2023), is how best to create engagement between the sciences of the Anthropocene and the study of values, hopes and power in the world's many cultures past and present. In response, this piece makes three points. First, it discusses some of the collaborations that have already taken place between humanists of various kinds and the scientists providing the stratigraphic evidence for the Anthropocene Epoch. Second, it notes that the ‘Anthropocene’ remains, at core, a stratigraphic concept and that the new epoch is now well supported by physical evidence. Third, it shows that the recent idea of an Anthropocene ‘event’ (Gibbard, 2022) does not invite engagement with the humanities. The overall argument is that the integrity of expertise must be maintained even while we encourage the cross‐disciplinary understanding crucial to addressing our global environmental challenge.
Forecasting Airbnb prices through machine learning
Authors: Tang Jinwen , Cheng Jinlin , Zhang Min 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAchieving accurate pricing is critical for both peer‐to‐peer (P2P) accommodation platforms and hosts. An understanding of the determinants of prices on P2P platforms, such as Airbnb, can improve service quality and help make pricing more rational. In this study, machine learning (ML) was applied to P2P accommodation pricing prediction. Data from Airbnb listings in Sydney, Australia, was collected, and 10 ML algorithms were used to predict prices. Host data were divided into training and testing sets. A total of 35 variables, including price and 34 independent variables, were identified. The 10 algorithms were evaluated using the Student's t test, the root mean squared error, and the R2 value. The CatBoostRegressor algorithm had the best performance. According to the relative weights in the optimized CatBoostRegressor algorithm, the key factors affecting pricing are the maximum number of guests, the number of bedrooms, and whether the room is private. Platforms can use these results to share accurate rental pricing information with hosts. Registered hosts can obtain timely information regarding the house rental market to set reasonable prices.
A new line method; A direct test in spinal muscular atrophy screening for DBS
Authors: Kubar Ayhan , Temel Sehime Gülsüm , Beken Serdar , Onder Gizem , Hatirnaz Ozden , Korkmaz Ayse , Alanay Yasemin , Ozbek Ugur , Sag Sebnem Ozemri , Ergoren Mahmut Cerkez , Kubar Elif , Sonmezalp Candan Zeynep , Doğan Ozlem 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundNucleic acid‐based assays provide an opportunity to screen for genetically encoded diseases like spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), before the onset of symptoms. Nowadays, such assays could be easily utilized as high‐throughputs in SMA to detect a homozygous deletion of exon 7 of the survival motor neuron 1 gene (SMN1) that is responsible for >95% of SMA patients.MethodsWe developed a new line method (NLM) as a direct real time PCR test procedure without nucleic acid extraction in dried blood spots (DBS) to screen for homozygous deletion of exon 7 of the SMN1 gene. Performance of this setup was evaluated on 580 DBS newborn samples and air dried 50 DBS from whole blood including 20 samples for homozygous deletion of the SMN1 gene detected earlier with MLPA.ResultsWe found all 580 newborn DBS samples as wild type. DBS prepared from 50 whole blood samples also including 20 affected people were correctly identified as homozygous deletions and 30 wild types of exon 7 of SMN1 as before with MLPA. When the MLPA method was taken as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the NLM test were found 100% for the detection of SMN1 exon 7 homozygous deletion.ConclusionIn the NLM, the total test duration has been reduced to less than 75 min without requiring any extra process such as DNA extraction step and sample plate preparation after the punching step. Thereby, newborn SMA screening with the NLM has gained an environmentally friendly feature with not requiring additional tedious steps.
Precision therapy for a medically actionable ATP1A3 variant from a genomic medicine program in an underserved population
Authors: Ford Cara P. , Littlejohn Rebecca O. , German Ryan , Vuocolo Blake , Aceves Jose , Vossaert Liesbeth , Owen Nichole , Wangler Michael , Schmid Carrie A. ,   The Texome Project
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundGenomic medicine is revolutionizing the diagnosis of rare diseases, but the implementation has not benefited underrepresented populations to the same degree. Here, we report the case of a 7‐year‐old boy with hypotonia, global developmental delay, strabismus, seizures, and previously suspected mitochondrial myopathy. This proband comes from an underrepresented minority and was denied exome sequencing by his public insurance.MethodsAfter informed consent was obtained, buccal cells from the proband were collected and whole exome sequencing was performed. Illumina Dragen and Emedgene software was used to analyze the data at Baylor Genetics. The variants were further intepreted according to ACMG guidelines and the patient's phenotype.ResultsThrough whole‐exome sequencing (WES) under the Community Texome project, he was found to have a heterozygous de novo pathogenic variant in the ATP1A3 gene located on chromosome 19q13.ConclusionIn retrospect, his symptomatology matches the known medical conditions associated with the ATP1A3 gene namely Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood 2 (AHC), a rare autosomal dominant disorder with an incidence of 1 in one million. His single nucleotide variant, (c.2401G>A, p.D801N), is predicted to be damaging. The specific amino acid change p.D801N has been previously reported in ClinVar along with the allelic variant p.D801Y and both are considered pathogenic. The identification of this variant altered medical management for this patient as he was started on a calcium antagonist and has reported no further hemiplegic episodes. This case illustrates the value of implementing genomic medicine for precision therapy in underserved populations.
Solution and solid‐state 33S NMR studies of 33S‐labeled taurine
Authors: Masuda Yuichi , Ohki Shinobu , Mogami Yuuki , Deguchi Kenzo , Hashi Kenjiro , Goto Atsushi , Shimizu Tadashi , Yamada Kazuhiko 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSulfur‐33(33S) stable‐isotope labeled taurine, 2‐aminoethanesulfonic acid, has been synthesized, and a series of solution and solid‐state 33S nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments at 14.1 and 18.8 T, respectively, have been carried out at room temperature. The single peak of a solution 33S NMR spectrum in 0.1‐mM [33S]‐taurine in D2O can be observed with the signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio of 9 in 40,000 scans, which paves the way toward in vivo analysis of pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 33S‐labeled taurine. Undistorted magic‐angle‐spinning (MAS) and static 33S NMR spectra of polycrystalline [33S]‐taurine are observed with sufficient S/N ratios for analysis, and the magnitudes of 33S EFG and CS tensors can be obtained.
Conditions that influence coping mechanisms in Latina mothers affected by incarceration: A secondary analysis using the vulnerability framework
Authors: Crawford Allison D. , Ricks Tiffany N. , Bell Kelly McGlothen , McGrath Jacqueline M. , Abbyad Christine , Polinard Elizabeth , Cleveland Lisa M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study is to assess women's vulnerability to becoming involved with the legal system as it relates to their exposure, sensitivity, and resiliency to specific experiences associated with incarceration before, during, and after their confinement using the vulnerability framework. We sampled 12 women who self‐identified as Latina mothers from local jail annexes, probation department offices, and substance use treatment centers in South Central Texas. We conducted a qualitative, secondary analysis. Three overarching themes emerged: (1) “[The abuse] just kept happening;” (2) “[Incarceration] was an excessive interference;” and (3) “I wasn't there back then [for my children], but now I can be [there for them] in some way.” We also identified subthemes. More research and culturally tailored programming are needed to bridge services across legal system sites (jails, prisons, probation) that interact with this population of women to provide supportive services.Public ContributionWe would like to recognize community stakeholders who work in the local jail, probation, and medication treatment centers who helped with the distribution of fliers and participant recruitment along with the women who shared their experiences following incarceration for the original study's data used in this secondary analysis.
A case of occlusal reconstruction with autotransplantation of third molar after surgery of odontogenic keratocyst in the mandible
Authors: Tsuji Kaname , Imai Mikiko , Kotaki Shinya , Nakama Hitomi , Ikeda Chihoko , Itoda Masataka 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundOdontogenic keratocyst (OKC) has high recurrence rate. We sometimes extract the teeth in contact with the lesion to prevent recurrence.Case presentationA 14‐year‐old male was referred to our hospital by his family dentist for the evaluation of a posterior left mandible lesion. We extracted the mandibular left second and third molar and performed enucleation and curettage of the OKC. After the operation, we performed intertemporal autotransplantation.ConclusionThe postoperative course has been good with no mobility and less than 3 mm periodontal pockets of the donor and with no recurrence of OKC.