bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A structure and knowledge-based combinatorial approach to engineering universal scFv antibodies against influenza M2 protein
Authors: Kumar Ujjwal , Goyal Priya , Madni Zaid K. , Kamble Kajal , Gaur Vineet , Rajala Maitreyi S. , Salunke Dinakar M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The influenza virus enters the host via hemagglutinin protein binding to cell surface sialic acid. Receptor-mediated endocytosis is followed by viral nucleocapsid uncoating for replication aided by the transmembrane viral M2 proton ion channel. M2 ectodomain (M2e) is a potential universal candidate for monoclonal antibody therapy owing to its conserved nature across influenza virus subtypes and its importance in viral propagation.

Methods
The phage-displayed naive human antibody libraries were screened against the short stretch of the N-terminal 10-mer peptide (SLLTEVETPI) of the M2e. ELISA, BLI, and flow cytometry assays were used to examine scFv binding to M2e epitopes. The scFv crystal structures were determined to examine the nature of the interactions. The potencies of the scFvs against the influenza virus were demonstrated by real-time PCR and confocal microscopy imaging.

Results
The four unique scFv clones were obtained from the scFv phage-display antibody libraries and shown to exhibit binding with the 10-mer conserved part of the M2e and with full-length M2 protein expressed on the HEK293T cells. The crystal structure of scFv AU1 with M2e peptide showed the peptide as a dimer in the parallel beta-sheet conformation bound at the interface of two scFv CDRs. The scFv AU1 significantly restricted the release of H1N1 virus progeny from the infected A549 cells.

Conclusion
This structural and biochemical study showcased the binding of antibody scFv molecules with M2e peptide dimer, providing the structural insights for the function effect in terms of recognizing and restricting the release of new viral particles from an infected host cell.
Effects of doxycycline dose rate and pre-adulticide wait period on heartworm-associated pathology and adult worm mass
Authors: Moorhead Andrew R. , Evans Christopher C. , Sakamoto Kaori , Dzimianski Michael T. , Mansour Abdelmoneim , DiCosty Utami , Fricks Crystal , McCall Scott , Carson Ben , Nelson C. Thomas , McCall John W. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The American Heartworm Society canine guidelines recommend treatment with doxycycline prior to adulticide administration to reduce levels of Wolbachia and its associated metabolites, which are known to be a leading cause of pulmonary pathology. Studies have determined that doxycycline administered at 10 mg/kg BID for 28 days is an effective dose for eliminating Wolbachia, but what has not been determined is the clinical relevance of this elimination. The current guidelines also recommend a 30-day wait period following administration of doxycycline to allow for clearance of metabolites, such as Wolbachia surface protein, and for further reduction in heartworm biomass before administration of adulticide. Reducing the doxycycline dose and eliminating the wait period may carry practical benefits for the animal, client, and practitioner.

Methods
To investigate these treatment practices, Dirofilaria immitis adults were surgically transplanted into each of 45 dogs, which were divided into nine study groups of five dogs each. Seventy-five days after transplantation, two groups each were administered 5, 7.5, or 10 mg/kg BID doxycycline orally for 28 days and 6 µg/kg ivermectin monthly, with three untreated groups serving as controls. Study animals were necropsied and examined prior to treatment as well as 30 and 60 days post-treatment.

Results
Mean worm weight was unaffected by dosage but exhibited a significant increase at 30 days and significant decrease at 60 days post-treatment, including in control groups. Histopathology lesion scores did not significantly differ among groups, with the exception of the lung composite score for one untreated group. Liver enzymes, the levels of which are a concern in doxycycline treatment, were also examined, with no abnormalities in alanine aminotransferase or alkaline phosphatase observed.

Conclusions
No consistent worsening of tissue lesions was observed with or without the AHS-recommended 30-day wait period, nor did reduced dosages of doxycycline lead to worsening of pathology or any change in efficacy in depleting worm weight. Mean worm weight did significantly increase prior to, and decrease following, the wait period. Future work that also includes adulticide treatment (i.e. melarsomine) will study treatment recommendations that may improve both animal health and owner compliance.

Graphical abstract
Performance of inhomogeneous Poisson point process models under different scenarios of uncertainty in species presence-only data
Authors: Mugumaarhahama Yannick , Fandohan Adandé Belarmain , Glèlè Kakaï Romain L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHaphazard and opportunistic species occurrence (PO) data are widely used in species distribution models (SDMs) instead of high-quality species data gathered using appropriate and structured sampling methods, which is expensive and often spatially limited. Despite their widespread use in ecology, PO data are prone to errors and uncertainties, such as imperfect detectability, positional imprecision, and spatial niche truncation, which make their use analytically challenging for effective and adaptive biodiversity management and conservation. Using simulated data, this study investigates the effects of these uncertainties on the performance of spatial point process based presence-only and integrated SDMs. We investigated three SDMs in this study, one that ignores imperfect detectability: the presence-only model (PO model), and two that account for it: the thinned presence-only model (THINPO model) and the integrated model (PBPC model). The ability of these SDMs to produce accurate maximum likelihood estimates of intensity model coefficients and reliable predictions of species distributions under different data quality scenarios was investigated. The results show that SDMs that account for imperfect detectability (THINPO or PBPC models) are not applicable in situations of high detectability. In this situation, the PO model produces the most accurate maximum likelihood estimates of the models’ coefficients ($${\hat{\beta }}_k$$

β
^

k

), and consequently the most accurate predictions of species distributions ($${\hat{\lambda }}(s)$$

λ
^

(
s
)

). The effects of positional uncertainty and spatial niche truncation on this SDM output are minimal. However, in situations of low detectability, it is preferable to use the PBPC model. Positional uncertainty and spatial niche truncation have negligible effects on the output of this SDM, except when positionally uncertain PO data are analyzed along with truncated PC data. These minimal effects of spatial niche truncation on SDM outputs demonstrate the transferability of SDMs. However, the effects of all these uncertainties may depend on the characteristics of the species. Prior to modeling species distributions, a multivariate environmental similarity surface analysis should be performed to test the similarity between data from the restricted region to be used for model calibration and data from the entire range. If this analysis reveals dissimilarities, larger spatial and ecological scales should be considered to address the issue of spatial niche truncation. Further efforts could address the effects of species characteristics on SDMs performance and assess the effects of species-specific uncertainties.
Clinical algorithm reduces antibiotic use among children presenting with respiratory symptoms to hospital in central Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Phuong TK , Nguyen Tam TM , Huynh Lan TB , Graham Stephen M , Marais Ben J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
To assess the safety and utility of a pragmatic clinical algorithm to guide rational antibiotic use in children presenting with respiratory infection.

Methods
The effect of an algorithm to guide the management of young (< 5 years) children presenting with respiratory symptoms to the Da Nang Hospital for Women and Children, Vietnam, was evaluated in a before-after intervention analysis. The main outcome was reduction in antibiotic use, with monitoring of potential harm resulting from reduced antibiotic use. The intervention comprised a single training session of physicians in the use of an algorithm informed by local evidence; developed during a previous prospective observational study. The evaluation was performed one month after the training.

Results
Of the 1290 children evaluated before the intervention, 102 (7.9%) were admitted to hospital and 556/1188 (46.8%) were sent home with antibiotics. Due to COVID-19, only 166 children were evaluated after the intervention of whom 14 (8.4%) were admitted to hospital and 54/152 (35.5%) were sent home with antibiotics. Antibiotic use was reduced (from 46.8% to 35.5%; p = 0.009) after clinician training, but adequate comparison was compromised. The reduction was most pronounced in children with wheeze or runny nose and no fever, or a normal chest radiograph, where antibiotic use declined from 46.7% to 28.8% (p < 0.0001). The frequency of repeat presentation to hospital was similar between the two study periods (141/1188; 11.9% before and 10/152; 6.6% after; p = 0.10). No child represented with serious disease after being sent home without antibiotics.

Conclusions
We observed a reduction in antibiotic use in young children with a respiratory infection after physician training in the use of a simple evidence-based management algorithm. However, the study was severely impacted by COVID-19 restrictions, requiring further evaluation to confirm the observed effect.
Chronic antiplatelet therapy in prevetion of cardiovascular diseases (in population of elderly) from the perspective of oral health: Cardiologic safety versus complications risk. Influence of oral diseases on global health risk in elderly
Authors: Wychota Marta , Bieniasz Jan , Dendys Konrad , Kazzi Marcel , Puła Michał 
Published: July 2023

Introduction and purpose: Oral cavity diseases are a common problem in everyday clinical practice, particularly important in the context of elderly people affected by numerous chronic diseases, on the verge of frailty. These patients are often characterized by an increased risk of cardiovascular events, but also an increased risk of bleeding, which is the reason for dentists' doubts regarding the maintenance or suspension of chronic antiplatelet therapy in the periprocedural period. The aim of our work is to present the risks of untreated oral diseases and to summarize the current knowledge and recommendations on the use of antiplatelet drugs during surgical dental treatment.
Description of the state of knowledge: It has been proven that the ongoing disease processes in the oral cavity exacerbate the course of chronic diseases by several different mechanisms, the best known of which are: opening the gates to the bloodstream, blood circulation of inflammatory mediators and direct colonization of the respiratory tract by microorganisms from the focal point in the oral cavity. According to current research, standard dental surgeries can be safely performed in patients taking antiplatelet drug(s) chronically without the need to discontinue therapy in the periprocedural period. The risk of prolonged or excessive bleeding in such patients is not significantly increased, and bleeding complications that occur can be managed with local haemostasis measures.
Conclusions: Prevention and early treatment of oral diseases can protect against their negative global impact on health. There is no indication to interrupt chronic antiplatelet therapy with one or two drugs prior to standard dental procedures.
non-modifiable risk factors for breast cancer development in women
Authors: Dadziak Mikołaj , Olko Paweł , Zapała Magdalena Alicja , Hunek Adrian , Chmielarz Karolina , Wiśniewska-Skomra Joanna , Tylutka Kinga , Hapon Anna , Kaziród Karolina 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
Breasts are organs found in both male and female representatives. The main building blocks of the breast are fatty tissue and glandular tissue. As far as women are concerned, breast cancer is most commonly found in the upper outer quadrant. It is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide and is therefore an important public health issue. The latest data indicate that the problem of breast cancer currently affects more than 10% of women from all over the world. Importantly, it is the second most common cause of cancer-related death among women, after lung cancer. There are many factors that influence the prevalence rate of breast cancer. In general, they might be divided into modifiable and non-modifiable factors. In the following review, the emphasis will be put on the impact of non-modifiable factors on breast cancer risk and the strength of their impact. Factors that will be discussed include age, gender, ethnic and racial background, family history and genetic factors, pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Material and Methods
This review was based on available data collected in the PubMed and Google Scholar database, using following keywords: “Breast Cancer”, “Risk factors of Breast Cancer” and “Epidemiology of Breast Cancer”.
Conclusion
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. In recent years, we have observed an increase in the incidence of this cancer among female representatives. The development of this cancer is influenced by many factors, which can be divided into two main groups: modifiable factors and non-modifiable factors. Importantly, it is advisable to undertake new research and initiatives to better understand the etiology of this disease and the factors affecting its development.
Do lifestyle habits have an impact on infertility in couples? A systematic review of the topic
Authors: Cieślik Aleksandra , Kosieradzka Karolina , Kosecka Katarzyna , Adamowicz Dominik , Rudziński Patryk , Jargieło Anna , Łopuszańska Inga , Stańczyk Justyna , Meliksetian Astrik , Wosińska Alicja 
Published: July 2023

Background: Infertility is a widespread concern that significantly impacts numerous couples in contemporary times. While the underlying causes of infertility often remain unknown, there is a growing interest in understanding the significant impact that modifiable lifestyle factors can have on its development. Lifestyle factors encompass various habits and ways of life that can be modified to improve overall health, including fertility. It is worth highlighting that these factors are under an individual's control.They play a significant role in determining reproductive health and can positively or negatively influence the ability to conceive.
Aim of study: The main purpose of this article is to review the recent research of this topic. It emphasizes the crucial importance for healthcare professionals to gain a thorough understanding of which lifestyle behaviors and habits can either adversely or positively impact fertility and use this knowledge to educate the patients.
Material and methods: The work was based on the scientific literature and databases available on PubMed. The main used terms were „infertility” and „infertility and lifestyle”.
Results and conclusions: Lifestyle factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use, stress or obesity have been implicated in the issue of male and female infertility. However, establishing a precise cause-effect relationship remains challenging due to the limited number of conducted studies and available literature on this topic. Nevertheless, there is a growing interest in this field, as infertility continues to be one of the most significant healthcare challenges worldwide, with rates of infertile couples on the rise.
Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing everyday medical practice
Authors: Rudnik Anna , Jendro Oliver , Mastej Aleksandra , Gołuchowska Natalia , Rzepniewski Piotr , Zatorski Tymon , Nowak Artur 
Published: July 2023

Introduction

This article discusses the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the medical field and its daily use in the practice of medicine. AI has applications in many stages of patient care, i.e.: prevention, diagnosis, personalising treatment plans, predicting disease progression and therapeutic outcomes or analysing medical images. GPs play a key role in patient care, but due to the complexity of medicine and the variety of symptoms, care and diagnosis can be time-consuming and difficult.

Methods and materials

The aim of this study is to explore and evaluate the potential of artificial intelligence in the process of diagnosing diseases by physicians and to provide practical suggestions and insights for its use in medical practice to improve the quality of healthcare.

The methodology was based on material from PubMed and a review of the scientific literature on previous research and developments in AI in medicine.

State of knowledge

Investment in artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine is growing rapidly. The role of GPs in patient care is highlighted and examples of the use of AI in everyday medical practice are given, including the role of Chatbots and the use of AI in specialised treatment.

Conclusions

The conclusions of the article highlight the potential of AI in the area of physician-diagnosed diseases to reduce diagnosis time, increase accuracy of diagnoses and improve healthcare efficiency.

Final diagnosis and therapy should still be determined by a qualified physician. There are areas where the doctor cannot be replaced by AI.

AI cannot replace a doctor's diagnostic intelligence, empathy and rapport therefore doctors need to find a balance between these combinations to achieve better health outcomes with the highest possible care for patients.
Wood Extractives: Main Families, Functional Properties, Fields of Application and Interest of Wood Waste
Authors: N'Guessan Jean Louis Lepetit , Niamké Bobelé Florence , Yao N'guessan Jean Claude , Amusant Nadine 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The extractives contained in wood are compounds with a very high added value in various fields (e.g., pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agri-food). These extractives can be classified into four groups: lipid components (terpenes and terpenoids), waxes and fats, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids. This review is particularly focused on the description of the main families of extractives contained in wood waste, with their properties and the potential applications made to date. It also makes a brief report on some conventional techniques for extracting wood extractives, with an eye toward recovering wood waste in our country. These extractives, particularly phenolic compounds, fall into several categories: simple phenols, lignans, flavonoids and tannins. They have chemical and biological properties such as antioxidants, antiradicals, anti-termites, antifungals, anticancer, inhibitors of type 1 human immunodeficiency virus, antimutagenics, and antimicrobial properties. They are also used in food preservation as well as wood protection. This review sums up the interest that should be focused on the availability in large quantities of wood waste in our environment, which, far from being a problem, could be the solution to certain current and future problems.
Costs and models used in the economic analysis of Total Knee Replacement (TKR): A systematic review
Authors: Gandhi Naline , Qadeer Amatullah Sana , Meher Ananda , Rachel Jennifer , Patra Abhilash , John Jebamalar , Anilkumar Aiswarya , Dutta Ambarish , Nanda Lipika , Rout Sarit Kumar 
Published: July 2023

Objectives
The main objective of this review is to summarize the evidence on the core modelling specifications and methodology on the cost-effectiveness of TKR compared to non-surgical management. Another objective of this study is to synthesize evidence of TKR cost and compare it across countries using purchasing power parity (PPP).

Methodology
The electronic databases used for this review were MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), HTAIn repository, Cost effectiveness Analysis (CEA) registry, and Google Scholar. Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) was used to assess the validity of the methods and transparency in reporting the results. The Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) was used to check the quality of economic evaluation models of the studies included. The cost of TKR surgery from high income and low- or middle-income countries were extracted and converted to single USD ($) using purchasing power parities (PPP) method.

Result
Thirty-two studies were included in this review, out of which eight studies used Markov model, five used regression model, one each reported Marginal structure model, discrete simulation model, decision tree and Osteoarthritis Policy Model (OAPol) respectively to assess the cost-effectiveness of TKR. For PPP, twenty-six studies were included in the analysis of TKR cost. The average cost of TKR surgery was the lowest in developing country—India ($3457) and highest in USA ($19568).

Conclusion
The findings of this review showed that the Markov model was most widely used in the analysis of the cost effectiveness of TKR. Our review also concluded that the cost of TKR was higher in the developed countries as compared to the developing countries.
Numerical investigations of two vibrating cylinders in uniform flow using overset mesh
Authors: Hamdoon Farouk Omar , Flaieh Enass H. , Jaber Alaa Abdulhady 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this research, flow around two vibrating cylinders in a tandem arrangement is simulated at Reynolds number Re = 200 using the dynamic overset mesh technique in finite volume-based commercial software. This investigation aims to study the combined influences of the spacing between the two identical circular cylinders and their excitation frequency in the flow. The cylinders are excited by a transverse forced vibration in a uniform cross-flow by applying a simple harmonic motion. The gap distance between the vibrating cylinders is chosen to be L/D = 1.5 and 4, and the vibration amplitude is kept constant at A/D = 0.25. The study focuses on three frequency ratios of the cylinders’ excitation frequency to Strouhal shedding frequency of the single stationary cylinder f
e/f
s = 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2. Simulation results showed that the flow characteristics over the two vibrating circular cylinders differ from that of a single vibrating cylinder. Also, it is observed that the lock-in state (resonance) for the two vibrating cylinders and the vortex wake patterns are highly affected by the gap distance between cylinders and the excitation frequency.
The pentagonal theorem of sixty-three and generalizations of Cauchy’s lemma
Authors: Ju Jangwon , Kim Daejun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the solvability over non-negative integers of certain Diophantine equations coming from representations of integers as sums of pentagonal numbers (counting the number of dots in a regular pentagon). We study a general method to obtain generalized versions of Cauchy’s lemma. Using this, we show the “pentagonal theorem of 63”, which states that a sum of pentagonal numbers represents every non-negative integer if and only if it represents the integers

1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
,
11
,
13
,
14
,
17
,
18
,
19
,
23
,
28
,
31
,
33
,
34
,
39
,
42
,
63

.

1,~{}2,~{}3,~{}4,~{}6,~{}7,~{}8,~{}9,~{}11,~{}13,~{}14,~{}17,~{}18,~{}19,~{}23%
,~{}28,~{}31,~{}33,~{}34,~{}39,~{}42,~{}63.

We further show that these integers form a unique minimal universality criterion set.