bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standard Versus Natural: Assessing the Impact of Environmental Variables on Organic Matter Decomposition in Streams Using Three Substrates
Authors: Schreiner Verena C. , Liebmann Liana , Feckler Alexander , Liess Matthias , Link Moritz , Schneeweiss Anke , Truchy Amélie , von Tümpling Wolf , Vormeier Philipp , Weisner Oliver , Schäfer Ralf B. , Bundschuh Mirco 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The decomposition of allochthonous organic matter, such as leaves, is a crucial ecosystem process in low-order streams. Microbial communities, including fungi and bacteria, colonize allochthonous organic material, break up large molecules, and increase the nutritional value for macroinvertebrates. Environmental variables are known to affect microbial as well as macroinvertebrate communities and alter their ability to decompose organic matter. Studying the relationship between environmental variables and decomposition has mainly been realized using leaves, with the drawbacks of differing substrate composition and consequently between-study variability. To overcome these drawbacks, artificial substrates have been developed, serving as standardizable surrogates. In the present study, we compared microbial and total decomposition of leaves with the standardized substrates of decotabs and, only for microbial decomposition, of cotton strips, across 70 stream sites in a Germany-wide study. Furthermore, we identified the most influential environmental variables for the decomposition of each substrate from a range of 26 variables, including pesticide toxicity, concentrations of nutrients, and trace elements, using stability selection. The microbial as well as total decomposition of the standardized substrates (i.e., cotton strips and decotabs) were weak or not associated with that of the natural substrate (i.e., leaves, r² &lt; 0.01 to r² = 0.04). The decomposition of the two standardized substrates, however, showed a moderate association (r² = 0.21), which is probably driven by their similar composition, with both being made of cellulose. Different environmental variables were identified as the most influential for each of the substrates and the directions of these relationships contrasted between the substrates. Our results imply that these standardized substrates are unsuitable surrogates when investigating the decomposition of allochthonous organic matter in streams. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2007–2018. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
A shared decision‐making model about care for people with severe dementia: A qualitative study based on nutrition and hydration decisions in acute hospitals
Authors: Anantapong Kanthee , Sampson Elizabeth L. , Davies Nathan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo understand the decision‐making processes regarding eating and drinking for hospital patients with severe dementia and use this data to modify a decision‐making model about care for people with severe dementia.MethodsFrom January to May 2021, qualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 29 family carers and hospital staff in England who cared for people with severe dementia during hospital admissions. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using codebook thematic analysis.ResultsWe demonstrated a modified decision‐making model consisting of six stages of the decision‐making process: (i) identify a decision to be made; (ii) exchange information and recognise emotions; (iii) clarify values and preferences of all involved; (iv) consider feasibility of each choice; (v) share preferred choice and make a final decision; and (vi) deliver the decision, monitor outcomes and renegotiation. From this study, decision‐making needed to be shared among all people involved and address holistic needs and personal values of people with dementia and family carers. However, hospital staff often made assumptions about the persons' ability to eat and drink without adequate consultation with family carers. The process was impacted by ward culture, professional practice, and legal framework, which might overlook cultural and personal beliefs of the persons and families. Treatment escalation plans could help inform stepwise treatments, create realistic expectations, and guide future decisions.ConclusionsOur decision‐making model provides clear stages of decision‐making processes and can be used to guide clinical practice and policy around care decisions for eating and drinking, which is often poorly supported.
Effectiveness of episiotomy to prevent OASIS in nulliparous women at term
Authors: Perrin Antoine , Korb Diane , Morgan Rosemary , Sibony Olivier 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association between episiotomy and severe obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) in nulliparous women at term according to the use of an instrument for delivery with control confounding by indication.MethodsThis was an observational retrospective cohort study including 12 346 women from 2004 to 2020. All nulliparous women with a cephalic singleton pregnancy were included. The primary outcome was the occurrence of OASIS. Association between episiotomy and OASIS was assessed by multivariate logistic regression with adjustment for confounding factors and stratification on the use of an instrument at delivery. Propensity score matching was used to account for indication bias.ResultsAmong 12 346 women included, 7803 (63.2%) had an episiotomy and 4543 (36.8%) did not have an episiotomy; the rate of OASIS was similar in both groups (0.7%). After stratification on use of instrument, an association between episiotomy and OASIS was shown in the case of instrumental delivery (odds ratio [OR] 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.26–0.80) but not if the delivery was spontaneous (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.29–1.98). The result was similar after matching on propensity score (in the case of operative vaginal delivery: OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.10–0.75).ConclusionEpisiotomy seems to be a protective factor for OASIS in nulliparous woman at term only in the case of operative vaginal delivery.
A transformer‐based deep neural network for detection and classification of lung cancer via PET/CT images
Authors: Barbouchi Khalil , El Hamdi Dhekra , Elouedi Ines , Aïcha Takwa Ben , Echi Afef Kacem , Slim Ihsen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of death for men and women worldwide and the second most frequent cancer. Therefore, early detection of the disease increases the cure rate. This paper presents a new approach to evaluate the ability of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) images to classify and detect lung cancer using deep learning techniques. Our approach aims to fully automate lung cancer's anatomical localization from PET/CT images. It also searches to classify the tumor, which is essential as it makes it possible to determine the disease's speed of progression and the best treatments to adopt. We have built, in this work, an approach based on transformers by implementing the DETR model as a tool to detect the tumor and assist physicians in staging patients with lung cancer. The TNM staging system and histologic subtype classification were both taken as a standard for classification. Experimental results demonstrated that our approach achieves sound results on tumor localization, T staging, and histology classification. Our proposed approach detects tumors with an intersection over union (IOU) of 0.8 when tested on the Lung‐PET‐CT‐Dx dataset. It also has yielded better accuracy than state‐of‐the‐art T‐staging and histologic classification methods. It classified T‐stage and histologic subtypes with an accuracy of 0.97 and 0.94, respectively.
Chromium exposure altered metabolome and microbiome‐associated with neurotoxicity in zebrafish
Authors: Yan Tongtong , Xu Yawen , Zhu Yuqi , Jiang Ping , Zhang Zhan , Li Lei , Wu Qian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn recent years, chromium (Cr) has been found to induce neurotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chromium exposure on the metabolome and microbiome that may contribute to neurotoxicity in juvenile zebrafish. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 1 mg/L Cr (III) and 1 mg/L Cr (VI) for 7 days, respectively. Swimming distance and locomotor behavior was decreased, and acetylcholinesterase activity was reduced in Cr‐exposed groups. Total cholesterol levels were decreased in Cr‐exposed groups. The differential‐expressed metabolites due to Cr exposure were mainly enriched in primary bile acid biosynthesis, which indicated that Cr exposure may promote cholesterol conversion. The abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased and the abundance of Actinomycetes increased in Cr‐exposed groups, as compared with that in the control group. At the genus level, the abundance of Acinetobacter, Acidophorax, Mycobacterium, Aeromonas, Hydrophagophaga, and Brevundimonas increased, whereas Chryseobacterium, Pseudomonas, Delftia, and Ancylobacter decreased in the Cr‐exposed groups. Analysis of the correlation between gut microbiota and bile acid metabolites showed that changes of gut microbial community due to Cr exposure may be related to secondary bile acid metabolism. Collectively, chromium exposure may disturb cholesterol metabolism, including primary bile acid and microbiota‐related secondary bile acid metabolism. This study provides potential mechanism of the effects of chromium on neurotoxicity based on modulation of metabolome and gut microbiota diversity, which needs further verification.
The detection of the captured circulating tumor cells on the core‐shell nanofibrous membrane using hyaluronic acid‐functionalized graphene quantum dots
Authors: Asghari Sahar , Mahmoudifard Matin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn recent years, cancerous cases have increased remarkably worldwide, and metastasis is the leading cause of death. Therefore, research on the early detection of cancer and metastasis has expanded to aid successful cancer treatment. Here in this paper, at the first step, an electrospun nanofibrous membrane (NFM) with a core‐shell structure was fabricated from PCL and HA to achieve cancer cell capturing (about 75% of cells). On the other hand, hyaluronic acid (HA)‐functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were used to detect captured cancer cells on NFM through the changes in photoluminescence intensity. Therefore, CD44 receptor‐HA interaction is the main principle used for both entrapment and detection of cancer cells. Results demonstrated the GQD‐HA fluorescent intensity of solution decreased through the increase of the captured cancer cell numbers on NFM, which is related to the more adsorption of GQD nanocomposites to the CD44 receptors. In contrast, this intensity for noncancerous cells was steady with any cell concentrations. This difference shows the system's remarkable selectivity and specificity, which can be crucial in fluorescent imaging for accurate cancer diagnosis.
Expression of the prognostic marker IL‐8 correlates with the immune signature and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in breast cancer
Authors: Liao Huifeng , Li Huayan , Song Jin , Chen Hongye , Si Huiyan , Dong Junhua , Wang Jiandong , Bai Xue 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundIL‐8 has been implicated in the malignant progression of various types of cancers; however, the precise molecular mechanisms associated with IL‐8 in breast cancer (BRCA) are unclear.MethodsWe analyzed the clinical signature and immune characteristics of BRCA patients and its correlation with IL‐8 expression using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. The role of IL‐8 in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) was verified through Western blotting, Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, and wound healing assays, as well as cell invasion experiments.ResultsThrough a comprehensive bioinformatics study, we determined that high IL‐8 expression was associated with poor prognosis. Enrichment analysis revealed that high IL‐8 expression was enriched in immune‐related processes and cancer‐related signaling pathways. In addition, IL‐8 was associated with most of the immune‐infiltrating cells, and high IL‐8 expression indicated poor response to immunotherapy. Importantly, we found that IL‐8 induced EMT in vitro.ConclusionsTaken together, our data indicate that IL‐8 may be a potential and valuable prognostic marker in BRCA, which may induce adverse outcomes by modulating the immune response and promoting EMT in BRCA patients.
Development of integrated electronic medical and dental record competencies and impact of training modalities
Authors: Puranik Chaitanya , Slavik Amanda , Pickett Kaci , Dani Aditee , Generalovich Zora , Neveaux Lindsay , de Peralta Tracy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe American Recovery and Reinvestment Act provided incentives for the adoption of electronic health records. The integrated electronic medical and dental records (iEMDRs) can minimize healthcare charting errors. The use of iEMDR by healthcare students requires training and competence. There are no defined student competencies to assess the effective and responsible use of iEMDR in dentistry. The goal of this study was to propose a student competency model and study the impact of training modalities on iEMDR competency.MethodsThis retrospective observational cohort study evaluated de‐identified assessment scores (AS) and performance scores (PS) in predoctoral dental student (PDS) and advanced standing predoctoral (ASP) student cohorts that received remote or in‐person iEMDR training. The AS and PS evaluated the knowledge and application of iEMDR, respectively. A voluntary survey evaluated students’ self‐perceived preparedness for iEMDR use. Linear regressions were used to determine the association between training modality and scores. Mantel–Haenszel ordinal chi‐square tested differences between groups and agreement by training type. Statistical significance was set at 0.05.ResultsThe sample size (N = 214) provided 95% power to detect differences between study groups. The knowledge of iEMDR (AS) was not impacted due to the training type (p = 0.90) in either student cohorts, whereas the application of knowledge (PS) was higher in ASP student cohort after remote training (p < 0.001) as compared to PDS student cohort. Higher proportion of students perceived preparedness after remote learning in comparison to in‐person training (p < 0.001).DiscussionThe iEMDR competency model was useful to test the effective and responsible use of iEMDR, and remote training improved students’ self‐perceived preparedness.
Treatment with integrase inhibitors alters SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralization levels measured with HIV‐based pseudotypes in people living with HIV
Authors: De La Torre‐Tarazona Erick , González‐Robles Alba , Cascajero Almudena , Jiménez Paloma , Miró José María , Sánchez‐Palomino Sonsoles , Alcamí José , Buzón Maria José , García‐Pérez Javier ,   the Hospital Clinic HIV Investigators
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe presence of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) is a major correlate of protection for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Thus, different in vitro pseudoviruses‐based assays have been described to detect NAbs against SARS‐CoV‐2. However, the determination of NAbs against SARS‐CoV‐2 in people living with HIV (PLWH) through HIV‐based pseudoparticles could be influenced by cross‐neutralization activity or treatment, impeding accurate titration of NAbs. Two assays were compared using replication‐defective HIV or VSV‐based particles pseudotyped with SARS‐CoV‐2 spike to measure NAbs in COVID‐19‐recovered and COVID‐19‐naïve PLWH. The assay based on HIV‐pseudoparticles displayed neutralization activity in all COVID‐19‐recovered PLWH with a median neutralizing titer 50 (NT50) of 1417.0 (interquartile range [IQR]: 450.3−3284.0), but also in 67% of COVID‐19‐naïve PLWH (NT50: 631.5, IQR: 16.0−1535.0). Regarding VSV‐pseudoparticles system, no neutralization was observed in COVID‐19‐naïve PLWH as expected, whereas in comparison with HIV‐pseudoparticles assay lower neutralization titers were measured in 75% COVID‐19‐recovered PLWH (NT50: 100.5; IQR: 20.5−1353.0). Treatment with integrase inhibitors was associated with inaccurate increase in neutralization titers when HIV‐based pseudoparticles were used. IgG purification and consequent elimination of drugs from samples avoided the interference with retroviral cycle and corrected the lack of specificity observed in HIV‐pseudotyped assay. This study shows methodological alternatives based on pseudoviruses systems to determine specific SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralization titers in PLWH.
SARS‐COV‐2 infection and Parkinson's disease: Possible links and perspectives
Authors: Al‐kuraishy Hayder M. , Al‐Gareeb Ali I. , Kaushik Ajeet , Kujawska Małgorzata , Ahmed Eman A. , Batiha Gaber El‐Saber 
Published: January 2023

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The hallmarks are the presence of Lewy bodies composed mainly of aggregated α‐synuclein and immune activation and inflammation in the brain. The neurotropism of SARS‐CoV‐2 with induction of cytokine storm and neuroinflammation can contribute to the development of PD. Interestingly, overexpression of α‐synuclein in PD patients may limit SARS‐CoV‐2 neuroinvasion and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons; however, on the other hand, this virus can speed up the α‐synuclein aggregation. The review aims to discuss the potential link between COVID‐19 and the risk of PD, highlighting the need for further studies to authenticate the potential association. We have also overviewed the influence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on the PD course and management. In this context, we presented the prospects for controlling the COVID‐19 pandemic and related PD cases that, beyond global vaccination and novel anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 agents, may include the development of graphene‐based nanoscale platforms offering antiviral and anti‐amyloid strategies against PD.
Crossing the line: The violating effects of illegitimate interruptions from work and the differential impact on work‐to‐family conflict by gender
Authors: Grotto Angela R. , Mills Maura J. 
Published: February 2023

SummaryDespite interruptions from work being increasingly common for many employees, their inherently disruptive nature induces strain on the work–life interface; yet, it remains unclear why the experienced strain is not universal. Drawing on role identity and Stress‐as‐Offense‐to‐Self theories, illegitimate interruptions from work (IIWs) are inappropriate, avoidable, unnecessary, or unreasonable interruptions that carry an added meaning of disrespect, thereby presenting a threat to the self and potentially inducing additional unnecessary strain. Differential value placed on professional and personal roles likely shapes attributions of illegitimacy. We collected event‐based data over 5 days from 182 employees (432 interruptions). Our multilevel moderated mediation model established IIW's indirect effect on work‐to‐family conflict (WFC) via boundary violation, above and beyond the negative effects of interruptions themselves. Thus, subjectively ascribed illegitimacy induces further but potentially unnecessary negative strain. Men were more likely to experience boundary violation in reaction to IIWs and subsequently reported more WFC as compared to women. Yet, although results suggest that IIWs may be a more salient immediate threat to men, it is possible that women's higher threshold for IIWs may present a more distal threat for gender parity. We offer guidance for developing strategies to reduce IIWs and mitigate their impact.
Experimentation in the face of ambiguity: How mindful leaders develop emotional capabilities for change in teams
Authors: Harvey Jean‐François , Kudesia Ravi S. 
Published: February 2023

SummaryStrategic change in organizations prompts pervasive ambiguity. As change initiatives cascade down the hierarchy, they can be met with habitual, inertial responses that ultimately generate negatively charged emotions—or they can prompt novel, experimental behaviors that forestall them. What remains unclear, however, is which factors drive teams, and the leaders that guide them, toward or away from this negative emotional reaction to change. In this study, we integrate social cognitive theory and research on mindfulness to unpack collective responses to change through a field study on 88 teams in a mortgage industry firm undergoing strategic change. We theorize that, when faced with ambiguous goals, team leaders low on mindful attention will lack the necessary cognitive capabilities to enact experimental behaviors—as they neither have clear external goals from senior managers nor internal dispositions to drive their attention into noticing novel information and eliciting unscripted experimental responses. In contrast, the experimental behaviors of team leaders who are high on mindful attention will not be affected by ambiguous goals—and the experimental behaviors of team leaders, in turn, will prompt greater experimental behaviors within their team, thereby lowering the team's negative emotional reaction to change. Finding support for these hypotheses, our study contributes to research on dynamic managerial capabilities, collective responses to organizational change, and mindfulness.
An update on animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration and low back pain: Exploring the potential of artificial intelligence to improve research analysis and development of prospective therapeutics
Authors: Alini Mauro , Diwan Ashish D. , Erwin W. Mark , Little Chirstopher B. , Melrose James 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAnimal models have been invaluable in the identification of molecular events occurring in and contributing to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and important therapeutic targets have been identified. Some outstanding animal models (murine, ovine, chondrodystrophoid canine) have been identified with their own strengths and weaknesses. The llama/alpaca, horse and kangaroo have emerged as new large species for IVD studies, and only time will tell if they will surpass the utility of existing models. The complexity of IVD degeneration poses difficulties in the selection of the most appropriate molecular target of many potential candidates, to focus on in the formulation of strategies to effect disc repair and regeneration. It may well be that many therapeutic objectives should be targeted simultaneously to effect a favorable outcome in human IVD degeneration. Use of animal models in isolation will not allow resolution of this complex issue and a paradigm shift and adoption of new methodologies is required to provide the next step forward in the determination of an effective repairative strategy for the IVD. AI has improved the accuracy and assessment of spinal imaging supporting clinical diagnostics and research efforts to better understand IVD degeneration and its treatment. Implementation of AI in the evaluation of histology data has improved the usefulness of a popular murine IVD model and could also be used in an ovine histopathological grading scheme that has been used to quantify degenerative IVD changes and stem cell mediated regeneration. These models are also attractive candidates for the evaluation of novel anti‐oxidant compounds that counter inflammatory conditions in degenerate IVDs and promote IVD regeneration. Some of these compounds also have pain‐relieving properties. AI has facilitated development of facial recognition pain assessment in animal IVD models offering the possibility of correlating the potential pain alleviating properties of some of these compounds with IVD regeneration.