bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in graft-versus-host disease prevention strategies: latest updates from the 2022 ASH annual meeting
Authors: Chen Yiyin , Xu Yang , Wu Depei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis review summarizes the significant advancements in prophylaxis against graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) presented at the 2022 ASH Annual Meeting. The use of innovative agents and regimens, along with the conventional prophylactic approach of combining post-transplant cyclophosphamide and anti-thymocyte globulin, were discussed. The innovative agents and regimens highlighted in this review include abatacept, the first FDA-approved drug for acute GvHD prophylaxis; RGI-2001, which promotes the expansion of regulatory T cells; and cell therapies such as Orca-T and Orca-Q. These advancements provide promising strategies and options for GvHD prevention, offering hope for improved post-transplant patient outcomes in terms of survival rates.
Cost of treatment support for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis using patient-centred approaches in Ethiopia: a model-based method
Authors: Rosu Laura , Morgan Lucy , Tomeny Ewan M. , Worthington Claire , Jin Mengdi , Nidoi Jasper , Worthington David 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Patient and health system costs for treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remain high even after treatment duration was shortened. Many patients do not finish treatment, contributing to increased transmission and antimicrobial resistance. A restructure of health services, that is more patient-centred has the potential to reduce costs and increase trust and patient satisfaction. The aim of the study is to investigate how costs would change in the delivery of MDR-TB care in Ethiopia under patient-centred and hybrid approaches compared to the current standard-of-care.

Methods
We used published data, collected from 2017 to 2020 as part of the Standard Treatment Regimen of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs for Patients with MDR-TB (STREAM) trial, to populate a discrete event simulation (DES) model. The model was developed to represent the key characteristics of patients’ clinical pathways following each of the three treatment delivery strategies. To the pathways of 1000 patients generated by the DES model we applied relevant patient cost data derived from the STREAM trial. Costs are calculated for treating patients using a 9-month MDR-TB treatment and are presented in 2021 United States dollars (USD).

Results
The patient-centred and hybrid strategies are less costly than the standard-of-care, from both a health system (by USD 219 for patient-centred and USD 276 for the hybrid strategy) and patient perspective when patients do not have a guardian (by USD 389 for patient-centred and USD 152 for the hybrid strategy). Changes in indirect costs, staff costs, transport costs, inpatient stay costs or changes in directly-observed-treatment frequency or hospitalisation duration for standard-of-care did not change our results.

Conclusion
Our findings show that patient-centred and hybrid strategies for delivering MDR-TB treatment cost less than standard-of-care and provide critical evidence that there is scope for such strategies to be implemented in routine care. These results should be used inform country-level decisions on how MDR-TB is delivered and also the design of future implementation trials.

Graphical Abstract
CCNNet: a novel lightweight convolutional neural network and its application in traditional Chinese medicine recognition
Authors: Gang Hu , Guanglei Sheng , Xiaofeng Wang , Jinlin Jiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWith the development of computer vision technology, the demand for deploying vision inspection tasks on edge mobile devices is becoming increasingly widespread. To meet the requirements of application scenarios on edge devices with limited computational resources, many lightweight models have been proposed that achieves good performance with fewer parameters. In order to achieve higher model accuracy with fewer parameters, a novel lightweight convolutional neural network CCNNet is proposed. The proposed model compresses the modern CNN architecture with “bottleneck” architecture and gets multi-scale features with downsampling rate 3, adopts GCIR module stacking and MDCA attention mechanism to promote the model performance. Compares with several benchmark lightweight convolutional neural network models on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 and ImageNet-1 K, the proposed model outperforms them. In order to verify its generalization, a fine-grained dataset for traditional Chinese medicine recognition named “TCM-100” is created. The proposed model applies in the field of traditional Chinese medicine recognition and achieves good classification accuracy, which also demonstrates it generalizes well. The bottleneck framework of the proposed model has some reference values for the design of lightweight model. The proposed model has some promotion significance for classification or recognition applications in other fields.
Demonstration of position estimation for multiple construction vehicles of different models by using 3D LiDARs installed in the field
Authors: Inagawa Masahiro , Kawabe Tomohito , Takei Toshinobu , Nagatani Keiji 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe construction industry faces a labor shortage problem, so construction vehicles need to be automated. For automation, a position estimation method is expected that is independent of the work environment and can accurately estimate the position of targets. This paper aims to develop a position estimation method for multiple construction vehicles using 3D LiDAR installed in a work environment. By focusing on the shape of construction vehicles, this method can estimate the location of construction vehicles in places where conventional methods cannot be used, such as valleys or roofs. Because the shape of the construction vehicle changes depending on the work equipment and steering operation, each joint angle was obtained, and the 3D model used for estimation was updated. As a result of the experiment, it was verified that the position and orientation of multiple construction vehicles can be estimated with an accuracy that satisfies the required accuracy.
Population genetics of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae reveal geographical segregation and host adaptation
Authors: Shao Hudie , Zhu Linfeng , Li Zhiqiang , Jiang Ru , Liu Shiming , Huang Wenkun , Li Chuanren , Kong Ling-an , Peng Deliang , Peng Huan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCereal cyst nematodes (CCNs) lead to major losses in the cereal crop industry worldwide and have been reported in many provinces of China. However, this plant nematode’s distribution and genetic differences are not fully understood. In the present study, 821 soil and host root samples were collected from 16 provinces in 2019–2022 to investigate the distribution of the CCNs. Heterodera avenae was detected in 56.39% of the total samples, primarily in Hubei, Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Gansu, Beijing, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Anhui, Shaanxi, and Jiangsu. H. filipjevi was present in 21 samples, with a detection rate of 2.60%, and it was found mainly in Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong, Shanxi, and Qinghai. A phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene indicated that significant evolutionary and genetic differences existed between the Chinese populations and populations from other countries. Our results indicate that ITS1 can be used as a phylogenetic analysis and genetic target for H. avenae populations. The haplotypes of the ITS1 sequences of H. avenae populations from 14 countries were analyzed, and we speculate that H. avenae originated in a Middle East hotspot, then spread westwards to Europe and the United States and eastwards to China and Australia. Genetic differences between Asian and European populations suggest that the Himalayas and Kunlun Mountains formed a barrier that resulted in the formation of a separate evolutionary group in China. The phylogenetic and haplotype analysis results from different hosts showed significant differences among populations isolated from different hosts, and those isolated from weeds were distinct from those from other hosts, indicating that the rich genetic diversity of H. avenae populations is related to the large number of available hosts. Above all, geographic barriers, time of origin, and host adaptation might explain the current known distribution patterns of Chinese H. avenae populations.
Recent application of Raman spectroscopy in tumor diagnosis: from conventional methods to artificial intelligence fusion
Authors: Qi Yafeng , Liu Yuhong , Luo Jianbin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRaman spectroscopy, as a label-free optical technology, has widely applied in tumor diagnosis. Relying on the different Raman technologies, conventional diagnostic methods can be used for the diagnosis of benign, malignant and subtypes of tumors. In the past 3 years, in addition to traditional diagnostic methods, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in various technologies based on Raman technologies has been developing at an incredible speed. Based on this, three technical methods from single spot acquisition (conventional Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy) to Raman imaging are respectively introduced and analyzed the diagnosis process of these technical methods. Meanwhile, the emerging AI applications of tumor diagnosis within these methods are highlighted and presented. Finally, the challenges and limitations of existing diagnostic methods, and the prospects of AI-enabled diagnostic methods are presented.
The impact of blockage on the performance of canal coverage structures
Authors: Abo-Sreeaa Doaa A. , AboulAtta Nahla M. , El-Molla Doaa A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite the benefits of canal coverage structures, they may turn out to be a significant reason of decreasing canals conveyance efficiency if they are subject to blockage. The difficulty of removing wastes from closed canals further exaggerates the problem. This study investigates the effects of blockage in canal coverage structures, focusing on various cross-sectional shapes and blockage ratios. Seven coverage cross-section shapes, namely the square box, pipe, pipe arch, ellipse, arch, conspan arch, and rectangular box, were studied in combination with 10 different Froude numbers and 10 different blockage ratios. An experimental setup was used in the study along with the HEC-RAS 1D numerical model, which was evaluated through a series of comparative tests.The study demonstrated that blockage in a canal coverage structure and its extent significantly impairs the structure’s hydraulic performance, leading to an increased head loss ratio and a reduced velocity ratio. The extent of this reduction varied with different coverage shapes, and the sensitivity to blockage was found to be the highest in the square box section, followed by the pipe section at the same design Froude number.A crucial threshold was identified at a blockage ratio of 30% where the performance of coverage structures started to decline sharply, indicating a key maintenance point. Among the shapes studied, the pipe arch had the best performance in terms of head loss reduction, while a rectangular box with a height to width ratio of 2:3 was found to be a close second. Considering the construction complexities associated with the pipe arch, the rectangular box is recommended as the most practical and efficient option for canal coverage structure design. The findings from this study provide valuable insights for engineers and decision-makers involved in canal management and infrastructure planning.
Digital Psychoeducation for First Episode Psychosis
Authors: Ahmedani Iman , Lyle Holly , Lim Wei Han 
Published: July 2023

AimsYoung people with their first episode of psychosis can feel lonely and isolated. Psychoeducation has been shown to increase patient insight, reduce the risk of relapse and forms part of the Quality Standards for Early Intervention in Psychosis Services. Our aim was to increase knowledge of psychosis in service users in an urban cohort by delivering psychoeducation in an interactive online format, due to the restrictions on socialising during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hoped this would serve to empower service users, allow them to connect with each other and offer hope through understanding.MethodsAppropriate service users aged 18–35 years were recruited from the caseload with the support of care coordinators, with 28 participating overall over a period of ten months. One-hour Zoom sessions of 2–4 participants were facilitated by a junior doctor. Each session consisted of a mix of teaching about basic neuroscience, including brain structure and the dopamine hypothesis theory, interspersed with factual quiz questions and opportunities for free-form answers in ‘thought clouds’. These explored feelings and experiences associated with psychosis. Data were also collected quantitatively in the form of anonymous self-rated pre- and post- session questionnaires on a 10-point Likert scale. These included self-reported questions about the understanding of the brain, psychosis, symptoms, medications and fear associated with the illness. Engagement was increased through the creation of flyers and reminder messages.ResultsThought clouds constructed during the sessions described feelings such as ‘panic’, ‘unease’, ‘dreamy’ and ‘broken reality’. On average over all sessions, there was an increase of 1.2 points in understanding of the brain, 2.6 points in understanding of ‘psychosis’, 2 points in understanding of how symptoms relate to the brain, 1.8 points in the belief that psychosis can be managed with therapy, 1.5 points in the belief that psychosis can be managed by medication, and unfortunately a 0.1 point increase in fear of the disease – perhaps associated with increased knowledge of the disease process. Encouragingly, 91% of final responses in the sessions were positive, demonstrating hopefulness.ConclusionWe have demonstrated that innovative digital psychoeducation sessions provide a highly effective way to deliver information to young people with psychosis whilst also allowing connection with peers. This model represents a great learning opportunity for trainees, and could be easily replicated in other geographical locations, or mental health conditions. We have also invited and encouraged co-production with service users.
Progression and Retention of Psychiatric Trainees in Wessex
Authors: Clough Zoe , Phiri Peter , Graves Lizi , Deshpande Mayura , Hazelgrove Jane 
Published: July 2023

AimsTo explore factors influencing the progression and retention of Psychiatric trainees in training posts within the Health Education England Wessex region. Specifically: To understand what trainees value most in their training; to determine the degree to which trainees feel supported and valued in their training; to determine self-reported burnout measures in trainees; to understand factors that have a negative impact on training experience; to understand factors that are important to trainees when considering future job roles.MethodsOnline questionnaire survey, capturing both qualitative and quantitative data, open to all Wessex Psychiatric trainees and doctors who had left or completed a Wessex Psychiatry training scheme since 1.1.2018. Responses were collected between 7.6.2021 and 31.7.2021. The survey included a burnout scale, questions about how supported and valued trainees felt during training, and questions regarding career intentions. This project received approval from the Health Research Authority (IRAS 296985).Results•50 participants completed the survey and were included in analysis.•38% were at risk or high risk of burnout.•Trainees felt more supported and valued by individuals such as clinical supervisors (70% felt well or very well supported and valued) than by organisations (41% felt well supported and 34% felt well valued by their Trust and Deanery).•Trainees rated ‘work-life balance’ as the thing they valued most in training (64%).•Poorly resourced services, trainee workload, lack of role models, experiences of aggression, and defensive practice of seniors were cited as reasons trainees considered leaving Psychiatric training.•The three most important factors cited by participants when considering a consultant post were ‘Position available with flexible working’(62%), ‘Position available within a supportive team of colleagues’ (54%) and ‘Positive experience working in the Trust as a Trainee’ (46%).•81% of higher trainees wished to work less than full time in a consultant position once they had completed training.ConclusionFlexible working arrangements and work life balance need to be considered in workforce planning. Measures to reduce burnout in psychiatric trainees need to be pro-actively explored by employing Trusts and Deaneries. Mentoring schemes, facilitation of peer support, and clear processes for how to raise concerns regarding supervision are recommended to enhance support for trainees. Junior doctor awards, improved feedback between Trusts and junior doctors and engagement of the Trust board with junior doctors are proposed to improve the sense of value trainees feel. Positive experiences as a trainee are likely to improve retention of local trainees into the local consultant workforce.
Psychodynamic Psychiatry Education and Training for Trainee Psychiatrists
Authors: FitzGerald James , Bo Lorna , Arends Fraser , Peters Pamela 
Published: July 2023

AimsPsychodynamic psychiatry training seminars are a blended supervision and experiential style approach to training health care professionals in reflective practice and formulation. They apply psychodynamic theory through case formulations, seminars, and Balint groups so that health care staff can improve their communication style, formulation skills and enhance their appreciation for patients with complex mental health problems. Our aim is to evaluate the provision of our psychodynamic psychiatry training sessions for psychiatry trainees in the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, and to evaluate the perceived benefits of attending in terms of personal and professional development.MethodsThe evaluation used a standardized mixed-methods approach, with the sample consisting of psychiatry core trainees as part of the regional MRCPsych course. Sessions were delivered via an online format. The evaluation period was between November 2021 and January 2023. Data were gathered via a survey tool, adapted from the literature using Likert scales and free text questions to identify barriers and facilitators to the sessions.ResultsThe survey collated data from thirty-seven core trainees ranging between CT1 to CT3. The majority of participants (> 90%) scored the sessions positively across the board in terms of the content of session material, length of training, and quality of delivery. The majority of attendees felt the sessions focused on the relevant clinical issues (97%), were relevant to their training (95%), and felt the group was a safe place to express and process anxieties and frustrations about their work (89%). Notably, the majority either agreed or strongly agreed the group had changed the way they think and practice (91%), including an appreciation of the emotional and symbolic aspects of patients' presentations (89%).ConclusionThis evaluation reports early findings on psychodynamic psychiatry teaching for psychiatry trainees. Overall, the participants felt the sessions were relevant to their training and improved their personal and professional development. Key benefits of the sessions included increased insight into the emotional and symbolic aspects of the patient's symptoms and clinical issues, team working through cohesion, and the humanity of the doctor in the clinical relationship with the patient. This suggests that the sessions provide a much-needed space to process and reflect on the often-intense demands of clinical work and training. The main theme within barriers to the group processes was external in terms of other clinical demands requiring prioritization.
The Postcard Project: Improving Healthcare Staff's Knowledge of Good Quality Medical Care for Older Adults in Mental Health services
Authors: Franklin Lauren , Chubb Rebecca , Mulroy Rachel , Mander Louisa , Katandawa Nigel , Howe Camilla 
Published: July 2023

AimsOlder adults in mental health services often have complex physical health needs, due to multimorbidity and frailty. Staff working in these services may not feel well-equipped to manage these needs, leading to symptoms being missed or unnecessary investigations. The authors designed written educational resources for healthcare professionals working across older adult services, both in hospital and the community. The Postcard Project aimed to improve staff knowledge of the physical health needs of older adults and encourage good quality, evidence-based care.MethodsTwelve postcards were created focusing on twelve concepts of caring for the physical health needs of older adults within psychiatry services. These topics were highlighted as potential areas of staff weakness, the staff themselves, and a survey conducted prior to the project. The postcards contained key evidence-based information about the chosen topic, summarised in less than 7 bullet points, and provided links to relevant, digestible resources, such as up-to-date guideline summaries and podcasts. The postcards were released monthly and distributed via email and physical copies. A survey was carried out before the project via a Microsoft Form, where respondents ranked their confidence in their knowledge on different topics relating to the care of physical health in older patients, with 1 being not confident at all and 5 being very confident.Results57 people responded to this survey, including nurses, doctors, and other members of the multidisciplinary team. This survey showed a large discrepancy between different topics and staff's confidence. Staff were confident in identifying the symptoms of a UTI (83% confident) and fall prevention (79%). However, they were less confident with their understanding of CRP blood results (46%) and their ability to identify an Acute Kidney Injury (23%). Data are still being collected as to whether this project improved staff knowledge of these key concepts.ConclusionStaff in older adult mental health and community services were not confident with certain key aspects of good quality medical care of elderly patients before this project. The level of confidence varied between topic and profession. This project aimed to improve staff knowledge on the weaker topics, however, without the post-project survey data, it is not yet clear as to whether this project improved the knowledge of staff.