bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm for Power-Efficient and High-Speed applications
Authors: T Manoj Kumar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

To implement Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm that is efficient in terms of its speed, area and power consumption is the major objective of this paper. In the four stages of AES operation, SubByte stage consumes more area, time and power on comparing with the other stages. To design an efficient AES, it is necessary to design an efficient SubByte stage for AES encryption and decryption process. In this research, a modified version of the SubByte stage is proposed and the results are compared with the SubByte stage proposed by Rijndael. Propagation delay, Area and Power Consumption of the proposed architecture are calculated in this research article. This proposed AES structure is implemented in FPGAs Virtex 6 and Spartan 6. Implementation result shows the improvement in Speed, Area and Power Consumption of the proposed architecture than the conventional architecture.
Effects of predation tags on growth and stress response in juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: Millsap Emma K. , Huysman Nathan , Gravenhof Dylan A. , Fincel Mark J. , Barnes Michael E. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Acid-sensitive predation tags have recently been introduced to fisheries management. These predation tags are designed to help eliminate the observation bias of seeing a moving tag and assuming that it is the original fish. Because of the impact of tagging data on fisheries management decisions, and the labor and cost associated with tagging, it is essential that the behavior, growth, and physiology of tagged fish be similar to that of untagged conspecifics. Thus, the objective of this study was to ascertain the impact of these tags on juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss physiology and growth after implantation. Twenty approximately 13 g rainbow trout were placed into each of five tanks, with ten surgically implanted with dummy acid-sensitive predation tags and 10 control fish not subjected to surgical procedures. Glucose, hematocrit, tag-retention, survival, and growth metrics were collected for 30 days post-surgery.
Results
Four tagged fish died while no control fish died. Tag retention was 76%, with tags lost in week 2, 3, and 4. Control fish were significantly longer and gained significantly more weight at the end of the experiment. Hematocrit levels for the tagged fish dropped significantly over the course of the trial and were 30% lower than the untagged control fish at the end of 30 days. Glucose levels were highly variable for both treatments.
Conclusions
The results of this study indicate the negative impacts of predation tagging on the physiology of juvenile rainbow trout. Of particular concern was the long-term anemia experienced by the tagged fish. Results from predation field trials should be interpreted with caution because the tagged fish are likely at a competitive disadvantage compared to their untagged conspecifics.
Morphology, phylogeny and fatty acid profiles of Meyerella similis from freshwater ponds and Meyerella krienitzii sp. nov. from soil (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Krivina Elena , Savchenko Tatyana , Tebina Elizaveta , Shatilovich Anastasia , Temraleeva Anna 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The taxonomic diversity of the algal genus Meyerella is difficult to study because of its very simple morphology. Within the Chlorella-clade Meyerella members are distinguished from the others by the absence of the pyrenoid. However, it is not possible to identify them only on the basis of light microscopy data without the involvement of molecular genetic analysis methods. At the same time, such studies are of great practical importance, since some of them have high biotechnological potential, because they are able to accumulate valuable metabolites, including polyunsaturated fatty acids. As a rule, water bodies are the main habitats for these green microalgae. However, strains ACSSI 428 and ACSSI 429, which were studied in detail in this study, were isolated from peat cryozems (Sakha Republic, Russia). In the course of the study, a detailed comparative analysis of the morphology, phylogeny and fatty acid profiles of these strains isolated from soil and representatives of other planktonic species, primarily M. similis, was carried out. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the studied strains are representatives of new species with high biotechnological potential – M. krienitzii sp. nov.
Anthropocentric perspective on climatic variability, potentially toxic elements, and health risk assessment in the Mansehra district: a case study of the Kunhar River, Pakistan
Authors: Soomro Shan-e-hyder , Shi Xiaotao , Guo Jiali , Hu Caihong , Zwain Haider M. , Jalbani Shaista , Li Yinghai , Guo Yu , Chunyun Zhu , Gu Jiahui 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The quality of the surface water along the Kunhar River in Mansehra district, KPK Pakistan was assessed for ten water samples stations. A variety of parameters indicating water quality including physicochemical parameters, nutrients, heavy metals, and antibiotic residues were measured for both the rainy and dry seasons, the two main tropical seasons in Mansehra, using the standard methods. Kunhar River, one of the local drinking water sources, was studied to assess the heavy metal content, health risk assessment, and its suitability for human consumption. Health risk assessment for all the stations indicated that there is no particularly dangerous single heavy metal, but their cumulative effect is indicated by the hazard index. Concentrations of metals in water have a trend of decreasing in water, indicating that the accumulation of metals can affect the water chemistry of aquatic systems due to any physical or chemical process in the system. Greater consideration should be given to the variety of metals in relationship to multivariate analyses, suggesting that the industrial and residential activities were more important contributors to the pollution of the Kunhar River than the agricultural activities in Mansehra district. Such metals pose risks to aquatic life.
Experimental evaluation of temperature, nutrients, and initial concentration on medium-chain carboxylic acids production from winery wastes
Authors: Hernández-Correa Eduardo , Buitrón Germán 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the wine industry, grape processing is accompanied by waste generation, such as grape stalks, winery wastewater, and grape pomace (GP). GP can be used to produce value-added compounds such as medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCA). This work aimed to determine the operational conditions (temperature, addition of nutrients, and initial waste concentration) to improve MCCA production using waste GP from the winery industry as a substrate. The electron donor (ethanol) and electron acceptor (acetate) were directly generated from the GP and consecutively used to produce MCCA. The treatment with high concentration, temperature, and nutrient addition promotes caproic acid's maximal yield and concentration (0.11 ± 0.02 g MCCA/g TS). Nutrients’ presence and temperature significantly affected electron acceptor production. The addition of nutrients and 30 °C leads to elevated acetate production. However, at 37 °C, butyrate and MCCA were mainly produced without adding nutrients, and high ethanol consumption was observed. A higher metabolic diversification was observed at 37 °C than at 30 °C. Temperature and nutrient availability significantly affected the metabolic pathway and the type of carboxylic acid produced.
Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Diagnosis and Treatment of Mucormycosis (Black Fungus): A Review
Authors: Upadhayay Pragati , Bansal Keshav , Goyal Ahsas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:The COVID-19 pandemic has shown an adverse effect worldwide, but in India, it has been observed during the second wave that people who recovered from COVID-19 infection developed a secondary infection because it grows in tandem with COVID-19 treatment. Meanwhile, news of a new deadly fungus has surfaced known as Mucormycosis (Black fungus). Mucormycosis is a fungal infection that invades the blood vessels and is caused by Mucormycetes, a group of fungi. Due to the post-pandemic effect of COVID-19 many fungal and bacterial diseases have affected the population. The reason behind the frequent development of opportunistic infections like mucormycosis is the use of steroids, oxygen masks, and antibiotics throughout the treatment of critically and severely ill patients with COVID-19. Inhaling filamentous fungi from the natural environment and a lack of supportive care units can be a risk factor for mucormycosis. It is usually found in people who are immunocompromised. Mucormycosis is more common in people with HIV/AIDS, COVID-19, congenital bone marrow disease, viral diseases, malignancies, severe burns, and irregularly or untreated and treated diabetes. This review emphasizes triggers that may precipitate mucormycosis related to corticosteroids, recent epidemiology, and incidence of mucormycosis. The infection was diagnosed and identified using a variety of cutting-edge medical techniques, including clinical diagnosis, histopathology, and serology. Many treatment methods, such as antifungal medications and therapies, have also been successfully used. The mortality rate, however, remains high due to an aggressive surgical excision or debridement and lack of early diagnosis.
Lethal Yellow Mutation Causes Anxiety, Obsessive-compulsive Behavior
and Affects the Brain Melanocortin System in Males and Females of Mice
Authors: Khotskin Nikita V. , Izyurov Arseniy E. , Plyusnina Alexandra V. , Kulikova Elizabeth A. , Kulikov Alexander V. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The brain melanocortin system regulates numerous physiological functions
and kinds of behavior. The agouti protein inhibits melanocortin receptors in melanocytes. The lethal
yellow (AY) mutation puts the Agouti gene under the control of the Raly gene promotor and causes
the agouti protein expression in the brain. In the present article, we investigated the effects of the AY
mutation on brain mRNA levels of Agouti, Raly, and melanocortin-related genes such as Agrp,
Pomc, Mc3r, Mc4r, and their relationship to behavior.

Methods:
The experiment was performed on 6-month-old males and females of AY/a and a/a (control)
mice. Anxiety and obsessive-compulsive behavior were studied in elevated plus-maze and marble-
burying tests. The mRNA levels were quantified by qPCR.

Results:
AY mutation caused anxiety in males and obsessive-compulsive behavior in females. Positive
correlation between Agouti and Raly genes mRNA levels were shown in the hypothalamus, hippocampus,
and frontal cortex in AY/a mice. Reduced RNA concentrations of Mc3r and Mc4r genes
were found respectively in the hypothalamus and frontal cortex in AY/a males. The Raly gene expression
positively correlates with mRNA concentrations of the Mc3r gene in the hypothalamus and
the Mc4r gene in the hypothalamus and frontal cortex.

Conclusion:
Possible association of obsessive-compulsive behavior with reduced Raly, Mc3r, or
Mc4r gene expression is suggested.
LCN2 Inhibits the BMP9-induced Osteogenic Differentiation through
Reducing Wnt/β-catenin Signaling via Interacting with LRP6 in Mouse
Embryonic Fibroblasts
Authors: Jiang Jin-Hai , Wang Shi-Yu , Zhang Jie , Liu Hang , Ke Kai-Xin , Jiang Yue , Liu Lu , Liu Si-Yuan , Gao Xiang , He Bai-Cheng 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Due to its effective osteogenic ability, BMP9 is a promising candidate for bone
regeneration medicine. Whereas, BMP9 can also induce adipogenesis simultaneously. LCN2 is a cytokine
associated with osteogenesis and adipogenesis. Reducing the adipogenic potential may be a feasible
measure to enhance the osteogenic capability of BMP9.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to explore the role of LCN2 in regulating the BMP9-initialized
osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), and clarify the possible
underlying mechanism.

Methods:
Histochemical stain, western blot, real-time PCR, laser confocal, immunoprecipitation, cranial
defect repair, and fetal limb culture assays were used to evaluate the effects of LCN2 on BMP9-induced
osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, as well as Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Results:
LCN2 was down-regulated by BMP9. The BMP9-induced osteogenic markers were inhibited by
LCN2 overexpression, but the adipogenic markers were increased; LCN2 knockdown exhibited opposite
effects. Similar results were found in bone defect repair and fetal limb culture tests. The level of β-catenin
nucleus translocation was found to be reduced by LCN2 overexpression, but increased by LCN2 knockdown.
The inhibitory effect of LCN2 overexpression on the osteogenic capability of BMP9 was reversed
by β-catenin overexpression; whereas, the effect of LCN2 knockdown on promoting BMP9 osteogenic
potential was almost eliminated by β-catenin knockdown. LCN2 could bind with LRP6 specifically, and
the inhibitory effect of LCN2 on the osteogenic potential of BMP9 could not be enhanced by LRP6
knockdown.

Conclusion:
LCN2 inhibits the BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation but promotes its adipogenic
potential in MEFs, which may be partially mediated by reducing Wnt/β-catenin signaling via binding with
LRP6.
The Perception and Usage of Fake Braces: Twitter Content Analysis
Authors: Samman Meyassara , Bahanan Lina 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Financial concerns deter many people from seeking orthodontic care. Fake braces replicate the real orthodontic braces but are not functional and are priced at a lower cost. These products are available through illegal and unregistered merchants, who use social media for advertising their products. This study aimed to analyze Arabic Twitter posts related to fake braces.

Methods:
Tweets were collected from Twitter API v2 using Python. The search was limited to the Arabic language, using keywords such as “fake braces” and “fashion braces.” Tweets were collected in the period from January 1, 2020, until July 31, 2021. Both sentiment and thematic analyses were performed.

Results:
788 tweets met the inclusion criteria, 660 of which were advertisements. The rest of the tweets (n = 128) were categorized into four main themes: rejecting the idea of fake braces (49.2%), having the intention to buy fake braces (32.0%), using/used fake braces (14.1%), and accepting the idea of fake braces (4.7%). Sentiment analysis showed that more than half of the tweets (55.5%) were negative and mainly involved sarcastic language (65.8%).

Conclusion:
Although many of the tweets were against the use of fake braces, a sizable number of advertisement tweets promoted fake braces. Efforts should be made to educate the public about the risks of using fake braces and to emphasize the importance of seeking a licensed orthodontist for treatment. In addition, health authorities must establish laws and policies and enhance surveillance to control social media content advertising these harmful products.
Anti-aging Strategies and Topical Delivery of Biopolymer-based
Nanocarriers for Skin Cancer Treatment
Authors: Ramaraj Jino Affrald , Narayan Shoba 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
Environmental factors like UV radiation and epigenetic changes are significant factors
for skin cancer that trigger early aging. This review provides essential information on cancer development
concerning aging, the receptors involved, and the therapeutic targets. Biopolymers like
polysaccharide, polyphenols, proteins, and nucleic acid plays a vital role in the regulation of normal
cell homeostasis. Therefore, it is pertinent to explore the role of biopolymers as antiaging formulations
and the possibility of these formulations being used against cancer via topical administrations.
As UV radiation is one of the predominant factors in causing skin cancer, the association
of receptors between aging and cancer indicated that insulin receptor, melatonin receptor, toll-like
receptor, SIRT 1 receptor, tumor-specific T cell receptor and mitochondria-based targeting could
be used to direct therapeutics for suppression of cancer and prevent aging. Biopolymer-based
nanoformulations have tremendously progressed by entrapment of drugs like curcumin and
resveratrol which can prevent cancer and aging simultaneously. Certain protein signaling or calcium
and ROS signaling pathways are different for cancer and aging. The involvement of mitochondrial
DNA mutation along with telomere shortening with a change in cellular energetics leading to
genomic instability in the aging process can also induce mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetic
alterations leading to skin cancer. Therefore, the use of biopolymers as a topical supplement during
the aging process can result in the prevention of cancer.
Determinant Infection Prevention and Control Practices among Nurses during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Suarnianti Suarnianti , Haskas Yusran 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Most of the nurses’ duties require direct contact with patients. Nurses with a high vulnerability to COVID-19 should have the self-awareness to reduce and avoid the risk of infection transmission. It is significant to know the factors that influence the practice of infection prevention and control in nurses while treating COVID-19 patients.

Objective:
This study aims to determine the factors that influence the practice of infection prevention and control in nurses.

Methods:
This study was a descriptive survey conducted in 4 hospitals in Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, with a sample of 360 nurses in January-June 2021. The data were analyzed using the canonical multivariate test.

Results:
This study finds a strong correlation between the self-labeling of nurses as at-risk individuals [.703] and taking actions [.707]. In addition, there is a strong correlation between self-justification [.925] and obtaining remedies [.995], and there is a strong correlation between commitment [.791] and information seeking [.884] [ρ= < .05].

Conclusion:
Strengthening the commitment and self-labeling of nurses as individuals at risk of being exposed to COVID-19 is very important for infection prevention and control practices.
Бороон дахь микродолгионы унтралын шинж төрх
Authors: М Батпүрэв , Ж Нямжав 
Published: March 2023

Сансарын болон газрын холбооны системд ашиглаж байгаа микродолгионыг унтраадаг сөрөг хүчин зүйлсийн нэг нь бороо юм. Бороо нь микродолгионы хувьд 0.1-ээс 7 хүртэлх мм диаметртэй, орон зайд тархан байрласан усны дуслууд юм. Микродолгионы мужид долгионы урт нь борооны дуслын хэмжээтэй жишихүйц болж ирдэг бөгөөд 30мм болон түүнээс бага долгионы урттай микродолгионы унтралт мэдэгдэхүйц их, өөрөөр хэлбэл холбооний системийн ажиллагаанд муугаар нөлөөлөхүйц болдог. Бид микродолгионы уртын 3-30мм (давтамжийн 10-100 ГГц) мужид микродолгионы дуслын хэмжээ болон долгионы уртаас хэрхэн хамаарч байгааг Мигийн онолын хүрээнд тооцоо хийж судлав.
Цэгэн дефект бүхий усанболорын электон бүтцийн судалгаа
Authors: Н Төвжаргал , Ж Даваасамбуу , Д Баатархүү , Н Цогбадрах 
Published: March 2023

Янз бүрийн үнэт болон хагас үнэт чулууны өнгийг өөрчилж хүссэн өнгө хэлбэрт оруулах асуудал үргэлж судлаачид төдийгүй хэрэглэгчдийн сонирхлыг татаж байдаг. Байгалийин хагас үнэт чулуу болох усанболорыг гамма цацрагаар шарахад цацраг бодисын харилцан үйлчлэлийн дүнд түүнд олон тооны дефект үүссэнээс материалын оптик шинж чанар өөрчлөгдөж өнгөний хувиралд ордог. Энэ өнгөний өөрчлөлтийг атомын төвшинд тайлбарлах нь шинжлэх ухаан болон технологид чухал ач холбогдолтой. Иймд бид энэ ажлаар усанболорыг гамма цацрагийн үйлчлэлээр үүсэж болох цэгэн дефектүүд болох нейтрал хүчилтөрөгчийн нүх, Френкелийн хос дефект зэргийг үүсгэж үүний электрон бүтцэд хэрхэн нөлөөлөхийг ab-initio квант механикийн аргаар CRYSTAL14 программ ашиглан судлав.
Агаарын PM2.5 тоосонцрын морфологи, химийн найрлагын судалгааны зарим үр дүнгээс
Authors: Л Энхцэцэг , Н Төвжаргал , П Зузаан , Д Шагжжамба , Ц Амартайван 
Published: March 2023

Бид энэ ажлаар Улаанбаатар хотын агаарын PM2.5 тоосонцрын бохирдлын морфологи, химийн найрлагыг SEM-EDX-ийн аргаар судлав. Судалгааг зуны 15, өвлийн 10 өдрийн агаарын тоосонцрын дээжийг авч 5000Х өсгөлттэй электрон микроскопын зургийг ашиглан PM2.5 тоосонцрын морфологийн анализ хийсэн бол тухайн хэлбэр, хэмжээ бүхий тоосонцрын 639 ширхэгт элементийн анализ хийв. Тоосонцрын хэмжээний түгэлтийг тодорхойлсон дүнгээр нийт тоологдсон дүрсийн 80% хувийг 0.5мкм хүртэлх хэмжээтэй тоосонцор эзэлж байгаа дүн гарсан бөгөөд энэ нь агаарын хатуу бодисын бохирдлын хүний эрүүл мэндэд хамгийн хортой фракц юм.
Studying the Metaverse Effect on its Users
Authors: Taher Ghazal  , Issa Ghassan , A. Al Dmour Nidal , M. AlzoubiZ Haitham 
Published: March 2023

This research is set to answer the question how Metaverse can be a dangerous space for its users. Metaverse is a collection of Meta applications such as Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp and Oculus that is integrated into virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). To answer the question, different issues that were undertaken in the history of Meta and its CEO, Mark Zuckerberg, was taken into account to see the potential negative effects it will have on end-users.
The potential issues Metaverse can have includes issues with uneven power distribution, issues with cyber security and privacy threats, and negative impact on the user’s mental health. An interview was conducted and the results supported the prior claims, with an emphasis on the dangers of lack of security and privacy leaks and breaches, followed by mental health concerns, then lack of regulations, followed by spread of misinformation and abuse of power. The solutions to these issues consisted of adding and adopting better regulations, integrating a monitoring system, and including a function for tracking and limiting end-user’s screentime. Alas, technology and the internet are ever-changing and needs constant evaluation and regulations, especially if it is from a big tech-company such as Meta. A company is useless without its customers, so keeping them safe should always be a top priority.