bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To read or to listen? Does disclosure delivery mode impact investors' reactions to managers' tone language?
Authors: Elliott W. Brooke , Loftus Serena , Winn Amanda 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe examine how disclosure delivery mode—oral versus written—influences investors' reactions to managers' tone language. We hypothesize that listening to disclosures, relative to reading them, causes managers' qualitative word choices to have a greater impact on investors' judgments. We theorize that this effect occurs because oral delivery mode promotes heuristic processing and qualitative tone language is an easy‐to‐process disclosure element. The results from an experiment in a conference call setting are consistent with our hypothesis and suggest a boundary condition. Specifically, the interaction of mode and tone language is significant in a setting where heuristic processing is likely (good earnings news) but not in a setting where investors are likely to scrutinize the disclosure (bad earnings news). Our results inform investors about the potential consequences of how they consume disclosures. Specifically, we show that investors are more susceptible to managers' tone language when listening to disclosures containing good news than when reading them.
Estimating clade‐specific diversification rates and palaeodiversity dynamics from reconstructed phylogenies
Authors: Mazet Nathan , Morlon Hélène , Fabre Pierre‐Henri , Condamine Fabien L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Understanding palaeodiversity dynamics through time and space is a central goal of macroevolution. Estimating palaeodiversity dynamics has been historically addressed with fossil data because it directly reflects the past variations of biodiversity. Unfortunately, some groups or regions lack a good fossil record, and dated phylogenies can be useful to estimate diversification dynamics. Recent methodological developments have unlocked the possibility to investigate palaeodiversity dynamics by using phylogenetic birth‐death models with non‐homogeneous rates through time and across clades. One of them seems particularly promising to detect clades whose diversity has declined through time. However, empirical applications of the method have been hampered by the lack of a robust, accessible implementation of the whole procedure, therefore requiring users to conduct all the steps of the analysis by hand in a time‐consuming and error‐prone way.

Here we propose an automation of Morlon et al. (2011) clade‐shift model with additional features accounting for recent developments, and we implement it in the R package RPANDA. We also test the approach with simulations focusing on its ability to detect shifts of diversification and to infer palaeodiversity dynamics. Finally, we illustrate the automation by investigating the palaeodiversity dynamics of Cetacea, Vangidae, Parnassiinae and Cycadales.

Simulations showed that we accurately detected shifts of diversification although false shift detections were higher for time‐dependent diversification models with extinction. The median global error of palaeodiversity dynamics estimated with the automated model is low, showing that the method can capture diversity declines. We detected shifts of diversification for three of the four empirical examples considered (Cetacea, Parnassiinae and Cycadales). Our analyses unveil a waxing‐and‐waning pattern due to a phase of negative net diversification rate embedded in the trees after isolating recent radiations.

Our work makes it possible to easily apply non‐homogeneous models of diversification in which rates can vary through time and across clades to reconstruct palaeodiversity dynamics. By doing so, we detected palaeodiversity declines among three of the four groups tested, highlighting that such periods of negative net diversification might be common. We discuss the extent to which this approach might provide reliable estimates of extinction rates, and we provide guidelines for users.
Mapping spatial patterning of Bronze Age towers in Oman according to water flow accumulation
Authors: Nathan Smiti , Harrower Michael J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWater played an undeniably significant role in the origins of complex societies across the Near East, but political complexity in regions like Southeast Arabia diverges dramatically from the more well‐known histories of Egypt, the Levant and Mesopotamia. Through quantitative analysis, this paper investigates spatial associations between water availability and Umm an‐Nar towers in Adh Dhahirah Governorate of Oman. We hypothesise that ancient Umm an‐Nar people targeted high water flow accumulation areas for major settlements with towers. Our results lead us to reject the null hypothesis of no spatial association between tower settlements and water and help clarify the role of water in the rise of complex polities.
Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and lifestyle‐related factors with DNA methylation‐based ageing clocks in older men: WASEDA'S Health Study
Authors: Kawamura Takuji , Radak Zsolt , Tabata Hiroki , Akiyama Hiroshi , Nakamura Nobuhiro , Kawakami Ryoko , Ito Tomoko , Usui Chiyoko , Jokai Matyas , Torma Ferenc , Kim Hyeon‐Ki , Miyachi Motohiko , Torii Suguru , Suzuki Katsuhiko , Ishii Kaori , Sakamoto Shizuo , Oka Koichiro , Higuchi Mitsuru , Muraoka Isao , McGreevy Kristen M. , Horvath Steve , Tanisawa Kumpei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDNA methylation‐based age estimators (DNAm ageing clocks) are currently one of the most promising biomarkers for predicting biological age. However, the relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), measured directly by expiratory gas analysis, and DNAm ageing clocks are largely unknown. We investigated the relationships between CRF and the age‐adjusted value from the residuals of the regression of DNAm ageing clock to chronological age (DNAmAgeAcceleration: DNAmAgeAccel) and attempted to determine the relative contribution of CRF to DNAmAgeAccel in the presence of other lifestyle factors. DNA samples from 144 Japanese men aged 65–72 years were used to appraise first‐ (i.e., DNAmHorvath and DNAmHannum) and second‐ (i.e., DNAmPhenoAge, DNAmGrimAge, and DNAmFitAge) generation DNAm ageing clocks. Various surveys and measurements were conducted, including physical fitness, body composition, blood biochemical parameters, nutrient intake, smoking, alcohol consumption, disease status, sleep status, and chronotype. Both oxygen uptake at ventilatory threshold (VO2/kg at VT) and peak oxygen uptake (VO2/kg at Peak) showed a significant negative correlation with GrimAgeAccel, even after adjustments for chronological age and smoking and drinking status. Notably, VO2/kg at VT and VO2/kg at Peak above the reference value were also associated with delayed GrimAgeAccel. Multiple regression analysis showed that calf circumference, serum triglyceride, carbohydrate intake, and smoking status, rather than CRF, contributed more to GrimAgeAccel and FitAgeAccel. In conclusion, although the contribution of CRF to GrimAgeAccel and FitAgeAccel is relatively low compared to lifestyle‐related factors such as smoking, the results suggest that the maintenance of CRF is associated with delayed biological ageing in older men.
A mobile integrated health program for the management of undifferentiated acute complaints in older adults is safe and feasible
Authors: O'Connor Laurel , Reznek Martin , Hall Michael , Inzerillo Julie , Broach John P. , Boudreaux Edwin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPoor care access and lack of proper triage of medical complaints leads to inappropriate use of acute care resources. Mobile integrated health (MIH) programs may offer a solution by providing adaptable on‐demand care. There is little information describing programs that manage undifferentiated complaints in the community. The objective of this study was to assess the safety and feasibility of an MIH program that responds to the community to manage medical complaints in older adults.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study examining a pilot MIH program. Seven ambulatory clinics and their affiliated patients aged 65 and older were oriented to the program and invited to use its services. Visit and follow‐up data for all patients who underwent an MIH visit were abstracted, along with 30‐day follow‐up information. All demographic data and outcomes were reported descriptively.ResultsIn 21 months, 153 MIH visits were completed, involving 91 patients (mean age 81 years, 60.4% female). The most common chief complaints were generalized weakness (28.8%) and shortness of breath (18.9%). Electrocardiogram (57.5%) and point‐of‐care bloodwork (34.6%) were the most common diagnostic tests performed. Sixteen visits (10.4%) were followed by an emergency department (ED) visit within 72 h. In 11 encounters, the patient was referred to the ED; in five cases, the ED visit was unforeseen. Fifteen patients (9.8%) were admitted to the hospital after an MIH visit. There were two deaths within 30 days following an index visit.ConclusionsAn MIH program designed to address the acute complaints of community‐dwelling older adults was feasible and safe, with low rates of unforeseen emergency services utilizations. MIH programs have valuable diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities and may serve to help triage the acute medical needs of patients. Further study is required to validate the efficacy and cost‐effectiveness of MIH programs.
Clinical and psychosocial outcomes by sex among individuals prescribed buprenorphine‐naloxone (BUP‐NX) or extended‐release naltrexone (XR‐NTX) for opioid use disorder
Authors: Paschen‐Wolff Margaret , Greenfield Shelly F. , Kathryn McHugh R. , Burlew Kathleen , Pavlicova Martina , Choo Tse‐Hwei , Barbosa‐Leiker Celestina , Ruglass Lesia M. , Mennenga Sarah , Rotrosen John , Nunes Edward V. , Campbell Aimee N. C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLimited research has explored sex differences in opioid use disorder medication (MOUD) treatment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine MOUD initiation onto buprenorphine‐naloxone (BUP‐NX) versus extended‐release naltrexone (XR‐NTX) by sex, and sex differences in clinical and psychosocial outcomes.MethodsUsing data from a 24‐week open‐label comparative effectiveness trial of BUP‐NX or XR‐NTX, this study examined MOUD initiation (i.e., receiving a minimum one XR‐NTX injection or first BUP‐NX dose) and 24‐week self‐report outcomes. We used regression models to estimate the probability of MOUD initiation failure among the intent‐to‐treat sample (N = 570), and the main and interaction effects of sex on outcomes of interest among the subsample of participants who successfully initiated MOUD (n = 474).ResultsIn the intent‐to‐treat sample, the odds of treatment initiation failure were not significantly different by sex. In the subsample of successful MOUD initiates, the effect of treatment on employment at week 24 was significantly moderated by sex (p = .003); odds of employment were not significantly different among males by MOUD type; females randomized to XR‐NTX versus BUP‐NX had 4.63 times greater odds of employment (p < .001). Males had significantly lower odds of past 30‐day exchanging sex for drugs versus females (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] = 0.10, p = .004), controlling for treatment and baseline outcomes.Discussion and ConclusionsFurther research should explore how to integrate employment support into OUD treatment to improve patient outcomes, particularly among women.Scientific SignificanceThe current study addressed gaps in the literature by examining sex differences in MOUD initiation and diverse treatment outcomes in a large, national sample.
Evaluating the substance use disorder treatment gap in the United States, 2016−2019: A population health observational study
Authors: Sahker Ethan , Pro George , Poudyal Hemant , Furukawa Toshi A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesOnly 10% of Americans with substance use disorders (SUDs) receive treatment with insufficient treatment access and screening practices proposed and potential contributing factors.MethodsThis retrospective cross‐sectional study used National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data to assess individuals with SUDs receiving treatment between 2016 and 2019 (survey n = 12,111; weighted n = 12,394,214). Demographic, access, and screening characteristics were investigated as predictors of treatment receipt using time‐series logistic regression analyses to test trends and assessed treatment receipt odds, controlling for demographic and treatment characteristics.ResultsFor those with past‐year SUDs, 13.0% reported receiving past‐year SUD treatment (survey n = 1605; weighted n = 1,612,154). The SUD treatment receipt rate remained statistically stable from 2016 to 2019, with a nonsignificant treatment receipt trend declining from 14% to 12%. Treatment changes were notable among Native Americans (+53.80%), Pacific Islanders (+94.10%), multiracial (−59.96%), ages 65+ (−70.18%), and ages 12−17 (−50.70%). In the regression model, race, sex, age, insurance status, and receiving mental health treatment were associated with SUD treatment receipt.Discussion and ConclusionsThe treatment gap remains substantial and stable. Annually, about 87% of Americans with SUDs are not receiving the treatment they need. Asian Americans were less likely and those attending general mental health services were more likely to receive treatment.Scientific SignificanceWe present an updated SUD treatment gap evaluation, and identify access and screening characteristics associated with SUD treatment receipt. Policymakers, clinicians, and researchers must continue improving access and identification of those in need of care.
Epistemic Injustice and the Electoral Connection
Authors: Pottle Justin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article argues office seekers’ messaging gives rise to a distinct and underappreciated epistemic form of political inequality. Electoral incentives push representatives to orient their rhetoric toward appealing to strategically valuable constituencies, yielding flows of elite cues that disproportionately reflect those groups’ perspectives. When inequalities in strategic value overlap with other inequalities of social power, politicians’ messaging strategies exacerbate the epistemic marginalization of disadvantaged citizens by denying them equal influence on the frames and understandings circulated in mainstream debate. This dynamic is best understood as a democratically perverse form of epistemic injustice distinct from but mutually reinforcing with citizens’ unequal influence on political outcomes. Moreover, I show how such inequalities distort otherwise epistemically salutary mechanisms of electoral accountability and undermine the quality of representative decision‐making. I conclude by suggesting hypotheses for testing electoral reform's potential to mitigate these discursive consequences.
Bilateral Conflict: An Experimental Study of Strategic Effectiveness and Equilibrium
Authors: Holt Charles A. , Palfrey Thomas R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBilateral conflict involves an attacker with several alternative attack methods and a defender who can take various actions to better respond to different types of attack. These situations have wide applicability to political, legal, and economic disputes, but they are particularly challenging to study empirically because the payoffs are unknown. Moreover, each party has an incentive to behave unpredictably, so theoretical predictions are stochastic. This article reports results of an experiment where the details of the environment are tightly controlled. The results sharply contradict the Nash equilibrium predictions about how the two parties’ choice frequencies change in response to the relative effectiveness of alternative attack strategies. In contrast, nonparametric quantal response equilibrium predictions match the observed treatment effects. Estimation of the experimentally controlled payoff parameters across treatments accurately recovers the true values of those parameters with the logit quantal response equilibrium model but not with the Nash equilibrium model.
AnEAACIreview: Go green in health care and research. Practical suggestions for sustainability in clinical practice, laboratories, and scientific meetings
Authors: Pali‐Schöll Isabella , Hermuth‐Kleinschmidt Kerstin , Dramburg Stephanie , Agache Ioana , Mayerhofer Hanna , Jensen‐Jarolim Erika , Goshua Anna , Nadeau Kari C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHealth care professionals (HCPs) and researchers in the health care sector dedicate their professional life to maintaining and optimizing the health of their patients. To achieve this, significant amounts of resources are used and currently it is estimated that the health care sector contributes to more than 4% of net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. GHG emissions adversely impact planetary health and consequently human health, as the two are intricately linked. There are many factors of health care that contribute to these emissions. Hospitals and research labs also use high amounts of consumables which require large amounts of raw materials and energy to produce. They are further responsible for polluting the environment via disposal of plastics, drug products, and other chemicals. To maintain and develop state‐of‐the‐art best practices and treatments, medical experts exchange and update their knowledge on methods and technologies in the respective fields at highly specialized scientific meetings. These meetings necessitate thousands of attendants traveling around the globe. Therefore, while the goal of HCPs is to care for the individual, current practices have an enormous (indirect) impact on the health of the patients by their negative environmental impacts. There is an urgent need for HCPs and researchers to mitigate these detrimental effects. The installation of a sustainability‐manager at health care facilities and research organizations to implement sustainable practices while still providing quality health care is desirable. Increased use of telemedicine, virtual/hybrid conferences and green chemistry have recently been observed. The benefits of these practices need to be evaluated and implemented as appropriate. With this manuscript, we aim to increase the awareness about the negative impacts of the health care system (including health care research) on planetary and human health. We suggest some easy and highly impactful steps and encourage health care professionals and research scientists of all hierarchical levels to immediately implement them in their professional as well as private life to counteract the health care sector's detrimental effects on the environment.
A study of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oxytocin at elective caesarean delivery
Authors: Monks D. T. , Singh P. M. , Kagan L. , Palanisamy A. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryOxytocin is widely used to prevent atonic postpartum haemorrhage after caesarean delivery. Initial treatment failure rates are high and inadequate dosing may contribute. Excessive doses, however, are associated with serious adverse effects. The pharmacokinetic data from this context are sparse and there is a lack of data in the immediate postpartum minutes after an initiating bolus. The pharmacodynamic data from this context are exclusively from dose‐effect studies, with some suggesting that higher doses of oxytocin are required to provide adequate uterine tone in obese compared with non‐obese women. We aimed to perform a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study that would facilitate more precise weight‐based oxytocin dosing. We measured arterial oxytocin concentration, uterine tone and haemodynamic parameters in 25 women in the first 40 min after exogenous oxytocin administration at elective caesarean delivery. Serum oxytocin concentrations varied considerably between individuals. We constructed a one‐compartment pharmacokinetic model of exogenous oxytocin deposition, after its administration with an initiating bolus and a maintenance infusion, at elective caesarean delivery. Body weight was evaluated as a potential covariate but was not included in the model due to lack of statistically significant reduction in the objective function. We calculated the volume of distribution and clearance (mean [coefficient of variation]) as 156.1 l [18%] and 83 ml.s−1 [32%] but found no within‐individual correlation between serum oxytocin concentration and uterine tone or haemodynamic parameters. In conclusion, we observed a large variation in serum oxytocin concentrations between individuals receiving similar doses of oxytocin and were unable to establish weight‐based dosing of exogenous oxytocin at caesarean delivery. Our findings suggest that future studies on oxytocin pharmacokinetics would need large sample sizes. In the absence of such data, oxytocin dosing should continue to be guided by uterine tone assessments and adjusted according to a strategy based on the best evidence from dose‐effect studies.
Caudal autotomy among populations of the lizard Sceloporus variabilis (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae) in contrasting environments
Authors: García‐Rosales Aaron , Cruz‐Elizalde Raciel , Ramírez‐Bautista Aurelio , Hernández‐Camacho Norma 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCaudal autotomy is a behaviour in lizards that favours survival but brings with it some associated costs, mainly loss of energy, which is related to the position of the breaking point. Moreover, the frequency of tail loss can vary at different levels, between sexes, populations, seasons and at an intra‐ and inter‐population level. In this study, we analysed the breaking position of the tails in individuals and frequencies of tail loss between years, sexes, seasons and populations of the lizard Sceloporus variabilis that inhabit contrasting environments. The results showed a low frequency of tail loss at the ends (distal and proximal) of this organ (except for individuals from the xeric scrubland population) and there was a higher proportion of complete than incomplete tails in lizards for all analysed populations. Also, there was no variation in the frequency of tail loss among populations, sexes (except in one population), years or seasons. A higher proportion of organisms with complete tails suggests that this organ is an important element for these lizards. In addition, the lack of variation in the frequency of tail loss may indicate a similar behaviour such as escape from predators among the groups analysed.