bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D fluid simulation of the propagation of a nanosecond discharge in air above a liquid surface: investigation of the pattern formation under various conditions and comparison with experiments
Authors: Herrmann Antoine , Davignon Augustin , Margot Joëlle , Hamdan Ahmad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Plasma-liquid interaction remains one of the fundamental processes influencing the various applications. Understanding the influence of external parameters on discharge properties, particularly the discharge dynamic at the liquid surface, is therefore essential. In previous studies, we investigated the impact of voltage polarity, gap distance, and liquid dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity on nanosecond discharges initiated in air at atmospheric pressure in a pin-to-liquid configuration. Herein, we present a 3D fluid model, improved with stochastic photoionization, to simulate the discharge dynamics under the previously mentioned conditions. The model outputs are compared with the discharge dynamics measured experimentally. For instance, filamentation and the homogeneous emission over solution’s surface measured in positive and negative discharges, respectively, are well reproduced by the simulation. Furthermore, the simulation allowed us to report other plasma properties not accessible experimentally such as the spatio-temporal distributions of electric field (E-field) and electron density. Notably, we observe that the E-field at the front of the negative surface ionization wave (SIW) is nearly four times lower than that of the positive SIW, which may explain the absence of filaments for negative discharges. Furthermore, we find that increasing solution conductivity or gap distance reduce the radial propagation velocity of the circular SIW front and stopping its expansion before a destabilization can occur. The simulation allowed investigating the influence of photoionization strength, and we find that increasing the number of ionizing photons leads to suppress the filamentation while keeping the ionization front circular and propagating at high speed.
Scalable superconductor neuron with ternary synaptic connections for ultra-fast SNN hardware
Authors: Karamuftuoglu Mustafa Altay , Ucpinar Beyza Zeynep , Fayyazi Arash , Razmkhah Sasan , Kamal Mehdi , Pedram Massoud 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A novel high-fan-in differential superconductor neuron structure designed for ultra-high-performance spiking neural network (SNN) accelerators is presented. Utilizing a high-fan-in neuron structure allows us to design SNN accelerators with more synaptic connections, enhancing the overall network capabilities. The proposed neuron design is based on superconductor electronics fabric, incorporating multiple superconducting loops, each with two Josephson Junctions. This arrangement enables each input data branch to have positive and negative inductive coupling, supporting excitatory and inhibitory synaptic data. Compatibility with synaptic devices and thresholding operation is achieved using a single flux quantum pulse-based logic style. The neuron design, along with ternary synaptic connections, forms the foundation for a superconductor-based SNN inference. To demonstrate the capabilities of our design, we train the SNN using snnTorch, augmenting the PyTorch framework. After pruning, the demonstrated SNN inference achieves an impressive 96.1% accuracy on MNIST images. Notably, the network exhibits a remarkable throughput of 8.92 GHz while consuming only 1.5 nJ per inference, including the energy consumption associated with cooling to 4 K. These results underscore the potential of superconductor electronics in developing high-performance and ultra-energy-efficient neural network accelerator architectures.
Body-centered tetragonal grids for FDTD method with collocated field components and enhanced performance
Authors: Ee Ho-Seok 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present an alternative finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) scheme that utilizes a body-centered tetragonal (BCT) grid, offering spatially collocated field components and significantly improving computational performance. The update equations for the BCT-FDTD maintain the simplicity and intuitiveness characteristic of the standard FDTD based on the Yee grid, with the key distinction being that the spatial derivative in one direction requires the use of four nearest neighbors instead of two. Our analyses of dispersion and stability reveal that the BCT-FDTD achieves a relaxed stability criterion, along with reduced anisotropy and lower phase velocity errors. Numerical tests indicate that, under equal sampling density conditions, the BCT-FDTD exhibits comparable memory usage and computation time to the standard FDTD. Moreover, our analysis establishes that when using conditions that ensure a phase velocity error of less than 1%, the BCT-FDTD requires approximately 5 × less memory and achieves approximately 10 × faster computation compared to standard FDTD. This improvement is expected to be even more pronounced in simulations involving anisotropic materials, thanks to the advantages provided by spatially collocated field components. Overall, we believe that the BCT-FDTD serves as a compelling alternative to the standard FDTD.
Robust topological rainbow trapping in shamrock-leaf phononic crystal plates
Authors: Huang Yao , Zhao Jinfeng , Yuan Weitao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The topological properties of elastic waves underpin the visions of widespread novel phonon devices such as topological rainbow trapping. In this work, a shamrock-leaf perforated phononic crystal with a graded interface is designed to achieve both the topological edge states (TES) and rainbow effect together. The topological rainbow mechanism activated by varying TES along the gradient interface is uncovered, and spatial trapped waves of different frequencies are presented. Meanwhile, based on the topological rainbow effect, the wave packet behaviors encountering various types of defects at interfaces are observed. Furthermore, deviations from the original trapping position under different disturbance factors are investigated. This work provides a useful handle for piloting applications of topological phononic transports.
A numerical assessment of ocean alkalinity enhancement efficiency on a river-dominated continental shelf—a case study in the northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Ou Yanda , Xue Z George , Hu Xinping 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A robust high-resolution coupled hydrodynamic-biogeochemical model was applied to the northern Gulf of Mexico to assess the efficiency of river- and ocean-sourced ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE). Sensitivity tests indicate that the effectiveness of OAE-induced CO2 uptake is primarily influenced by the amount of alkalinity introduced and local wind-driven mixing, with the former determining the overall uptake and the latter affecting short-term variability. Compared to ocean-sourced OAE (direct ocean release), river-sourced OAE (elevated river alkalinity) is more effective and sustainable. River-sourced OAE has higher CO2 uptake efficiency with reduced spatial and temporal uncertainty and greater overall CO2 uptake. For river-sourced OAE, surface pH increases pronouncedly near the mouths of the Mississippi River. The ideal OAE implementation time includes spring, early summer, fall, and winter. Mid and late-summer implementation is not recommended due to weak mixing, which results in less alkalinity dispersal and greater pH variability. In addition, while the aragonite saturation state generally remains below 6 around the Mississippi River plume, it increases pronouncedly during mid to late summer, risking alkalinity loss due to CaCO3 precipitation and reduced CO2 uptake efficiency near river mouths. Scaling OAE-induced CO2 uptake to the 25 largest rivers in the world indicates that increasing riverine alkalinity concentrations by 10% could remove 23.23 megatons of CO2 annually, meeting 0.37%–0.61% of the 2025–2030 CO2 removal target.
Prey dynamics as a buffer: enhancing copepod resilience to ocean alkalinity enhancement
Authors: Bhaumik Amrita , Faucher Giulia , Henning Merle , Meunier Cédric L , Boersma Maarten 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) aims to counteract climate change by increasing the ocean’s carbon storage capacity through the addition of alkaline substances into seawater. However, this process alters seawater chemistry, increasing total alkalinity and pH, which can directly influence marine organisms’ metabolic activities or indirectly impact them through changes in prey availability and quality. This study disentangled the OAE-driven factors that might influence zooplankton physiology. We assessed the direct effects of altered chemistry on the copepod, Temora longicornis, and the indirect effects through changes in the phytoplankton prey, Rhodomonas salina. We cultured the prey under OAE conditions and used it to feed copepods to investigate the indirect effects. We found that OAE negatively impacted prey growth but improved its nutritional quality, thereby offsetting the direct negative impact of OAE on the copepod. These findings regarding OAE’s impact on prey-predator dynamics contribute to a deeper understanding of how OAE may influence zooplankton communities.
Microchannel fabrication on bio-grade Nitinol SMA by μ-ED milling process using sustainable oil for improving the machining performance and biocompatibility
Authors: Chaurasia Satish , Debnath Kishore 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The process of micromachining has garnered attention for its ability to create three-dimensional tiny features, particularly in ultra-hard and exotic materials. The present work investigates the effect of different parameters of the μ-ED milling, such as pulse on time (T
on), pulse off time (T
off), voltage (V), and tool rotation (TR) on the dimensional deviation (DD), material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (Ra), and machined surface characteristics (analyzed by EDS and FESEM). The sesame oil as dielectric and tungsten-copper as tool electrodes were used to maintain the accuracy and improve the machinability of bio-grade Nitinol shape memory alloy (SMA). Response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithms (GAs) were used to optimize the various input parameters of the μ-ED milling process. Artificial neural network was combined with GA to find the best parametric combination for microchannel fabrication. The cytotoxicity test was also performed on the machined surface to analyze the biocompatibility of the machined surface. It was found that the cell viability of Nitinol SMA was improved by 85.11% after machining at the optimum condition. The highest MRR was found to be 0.076 gm min−1, and the lowest DD and Ra were found to be 16.47 μm and Ra 0.387 μm, respectively.
Reconstruction of local three-dimensional temperature field of tumor cells with low-toxic nanoscale quantum-dot thermometer and cepstrum spatial localization algorithm
Authors: Yang Jun , Huang Lingyu , Du HanLiang , Zhang Lei , Li Ben Q , Xu Mutian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The optimal method for three-dimensional thermal imaging within cells involves collecting intracellular temperature responses while simultaneously obtaining corresponding 3D positional information. Current temperature measurement techniques based on the photothermal properties of quantum dots face several limitations, including high cytotoxicity and low fluorescence quantum yields. These issues affect the normal metabolic processes of tumor cells. This study synthesizes a low-toxicity cell membrane-targeted quantum dot temperature sensor by optimizing the synthesis method of CdTe/CdS/ZnS core–shell structured quantum dots. Compared to CdTe-targeted quantum dot temperature sensors, the cytotoxicity of CdTe/CdS/ZnS-targeted quantum dot temperature sensors is reduced by 40.79%. Additionally, a novel cepstrum-based spatial localization algorithm is proposed to achieve rapidly compute the three-dimensional positions of densely distributed quantum dot temperature sensors. Ultimately, both targeted and non-targeted CdTe/CdS/ZnS quantum dot temperature sensors were used simultaneously to label the internal and external regions of human osteosarcoma cells to obtain temperature data at these labeling positions. By combining this with the cepstrum-based spatial localization algorithm, the spatial coordinates of the quantum dot temperature sensors were obtained. Three-dimensional temperature field reconstruction of three local regions was achieved within a 12 μm axial range in living cells. The method described in this paper can be widely applied to the quantitative study of intracellular thermal responses.
Effect of shot peening on microstructural features, residual stress behavior, and hardness of aluminum alloy 2014
Authors: K Venkateswara Reddy , V Rambabu , Mrudula G , Prakash P , Venkatesh Durga Janaki , Mudunuri Rajesh , Satyanarayana M V N V 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The current study investigates the effect of shot peening on the microstructural features, residual stress distribution, and surface hardness of aluminum alloy 2014, which is essential for applications in aerospace, automobile, and structural components requiring improved fatigue life and wear resistance. Microstructural analysis reveals significant grain refinement (6.6 μm) in the treated specimen and fragmentation of Al2Cu precipitates, reducing their size from 1.9 μm in the untreated specimen to 0.6 μm in the treated specimen. X-ray diffraction confirms grain refinement and increased dislocation density in the shot-peened alloy, evidenced by enhanced peak intensities and slight broadening. Residual stress measurements show a shift from near-neutral stresses in the untreated alloy to compressive stresses in the shot-peened layer, with a peak stress of −313.1 MPa at the surface, transitioning to tensile stresses at deeper layers. Surface hardness analysis shows a substantial increase to 131.5 HV near the surface, compared to 115 HV in the untreated specimen, due to work hardening, grain refinement, and induced compressive stresses.
Trade Agreements and Women
Authors: Bahri Amrita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This book explores whether and how trade agreements can enhance women empowerment, how they might be altered to more effectively address such interests, and what different negotiating options countries have for including women’s concerns in their future trade agreements. With a multitude of trade negotiations ongoing and an increasing demand for attention to non-trade issues on the verge of trade cooperation, this book presents a unique tool for trade negotiators and policymakers to address the topic of women empowerment in the trade policy context. It provides timely contributions and guidance for policymakers to prepare, revise, and negotiate new norms to regulate trade in an inclusive manner and to ensure that it works for all including women.
Can Trade Agreements Empower Women?
Authors: Bahri Amrita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With the growing proliferation of free trade agreements (FTAs) and the understanding on how FTAs have disproportionately impacted women in their varying roles, the next obvious questions to address are whether and how FTAs can accommodate concerns relating to women and help them address the barriers they face. To address these questions, this chapter provides a discussion on possible positive ways in which trade agreements can impact women, followed by several ways in which trade agreements can negatively impact women. Rooted in several legal, political, economic, and social reasons, it then prepares a case for why trade agreements should be employed to address women’s concerns and what reasons have caused a surge in the number of FTAs being negotiated with women-related provisions. The chapter concludes by providing some reflections on how different regions have treated this subject in their FTAs and the differences and similarities in their respective approaches.
The Pentagon Roadmap for Trade and Gender Negotiations
Authors: Bahri Amrita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter proposes a five-dimensional blueprint for women-related provisions with five policy recommendations under each dimension that trade negotiators can consider for future trade negotiations. These recommendations are not ‘one-size-fits-all’ and hence some of the recommendations may work better for some countries than others. Therefore countries should consider these recommendations in light of their own political will, socio-economic needs, existing domestic laws, and available resources. Nevertheless, the policy recommendations attempt to propose a blueprint for how trade negotiations on women-related provisions can be shaped and carried out in the future and how such inclusions can be made more meaningful to ensure that they address the barriers women face.
Capsular Contracture After Breast Augmentation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Haas Evan , Christodoulou Neophytos , Secanho Murilo , Kokosis George , Malgor Rafael D , Winocour Julian , Yu Jason W , Mathes David W , Kaoutzanis Christodoulos 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Capsular contracture is characterized by the formation of a fibrous capsule around a breast implant after an augmentation mammaplasty, and often results in pain, firmness, and implant distortion. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate how implant and surgical characteristics affect rates of capsular contracture after breast augmentation. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed in PubMed MEDLINE, EMBASE (OvidSP), and Cochrane Library. Comparison groups included smooth vs textured implants; subpectoral vs prepectoral implant placement; saline vs silicone implants. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for capsular contracture for each of these groups. The inclusion criteria were met in 24 studies. Smooth implants were associated with significantly higher capsular contracture rates compared with textured implants (OR = 2.80, 95% CI, 1.92-4.08). Subpectoral implant placement demonstrated significantly reduced capsular contracture rates compared with prepectoral placement (OR = 0.35, 95% CI, 0.25-0.50). No significant difference in capsular contracture rates was found between silicone and saline (OR = 0.39, 95% CI, 0.02-6.69). This meta-analysis suggests that textured-surface implants are associated with lower capsular contracture rates than smooth implants following breast augmentation. Additionally, subpectoral implant placement was associated with significantly reduced rates of capsular contracture compared with prepectoral placement. There was no significant difference in capsular contracture rates between saline and silicone implants. However, the absence of large, randomized controlled trials included in this study underscores the need for prospective investigation of the relationship between implant and surgical characteristics and postoperative outcomes.

Level of Evidence: 2 (Risk)
Detection and prognostic relevance of PLA2R epitopes in idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a simultaneous quantitative multiplex suspension array detection method
Authors: Wu Juan , Zhang Qingjuan , Du Yuanyuan , Zheng Tianyu , Jin Juan , Kao Shangbin , Zhou Xiumei , Qin Yuan , Zhao Xueqin , He Qiang , Yang Fuzhou , Huang Biao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to develop a multiplex suspension assay for the simultaneous quantitative detection of anti-cysteine-rich domain (anti-CysR)/C-type lectin domain 1 (CTLD1)/C-type lectin domain 6–8 (CTLD678)-IgG4 antibodies of M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) in the serum samples of patients to evaluate the clinical application value of PLA2R epitope spreading in disease prognosis.

Methods
CysR, CTLD1, and CTLD678 antigen domains were coupled to three types of microspheres. The optimal dilution ratio of biotinylated anti-human IgG4 was identified, and a multiplex suspension assay was evaluated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, precision, specificity, and recovery rate. Lastly, the relationship between epitope spreading and the severity of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) was evaluated.

Results
The content of all three epitopes could be detected simultaneously within two hours. The intra-assay precision ranged from 4.74% to 9.48% , and the inter-assay precision was between 5.13% and 13.92% . Specific experiments showed that the human IgA antibody did not cause a cross-reaction. The recovery rates ranged between 90% and 100%. The cut-off values of epitopes CysR, CTLD1 and CTLD678 between healthy individuals and patients were 6.30, 12.38, and 10.06 Ru/mL, respectively. Among them, the positive rates of epitopes CysR, CTLD1 and CTLD678 were 100%, 34%, and 75%, respectively. In addition, group 3 (CTLD1 response) accounted for 73% of the twelve patients who were not in remission. Meanwhile, When the concentration of CTLD1 exceeds 42.76 Ru/mL, the patient's prognosis may be poorer.

Conclusion
A multiplex suspension assay was developed for the simultaneous quantitative detection of anti-CysR/CTLD1/CTLD678-IgG4 antibodies. The epitope migration sequence of PLA2R molecules during disease progression may not follow a simple linear rule. Among them, the epitope CTLD1 is likely to exert the most significant influence on patient remission.
Intraplate seismicity in southwestern Norway: enhanced catalogue highlights diffusive earthquake occurrence linked to inherited weakness zones
Authors: Marck Angélique , Ottemöller Lars , Rondenay Stéphane , Fossen Haakon 
Published: January 2025

SUMMARY
Intraplate earthquakes in stable continental regions exhibit diverse characteristics in terms of timing, spatial distribution and magnitude. They are often unexpected, and their underlying physical mechanisms are not well understood. This complexity is particularly apparent in Norway, where seismicity is mostly localized on the continental margin and coastal areas. Various studies have attempted to explain the causes of seismicity in Norway by invoking different sources of stress, ranging from regional stress due to ridge push to local effects such as topography or deglaciation. In this study, we revisit these questions by investigating the distribution of seismicity in southwestern Norway using an enhanced earthquake catalogue. To achieve this, we revised the Norwegian National Seismic Network seismic catalogue from 2000 to 2023 and built a new catalogue using machine-learning-based techniques on data from a temporary seismic deployment in the region. Thanks to the increased station density during this deployment, we were also able to calculate new fault plane solutions that consistently showed a WNW–ESE direction for the most compressive axis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that seismicity in southwestern Norway, while diffuse, tends to be localized around the major crustal shear zones of the region, such as the Bergen Arc Shear Zone and the Hardangerfjord Shear Zone.