bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial protease‐responsive shape memory polymers for infection surveillance and biofilm inhibition in chronic wounds
Authors: Ramezani Maryam , Monroe Mary Beth Browning 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChronic wound healing is often negatively impacted by infection. Efficient infection assessment is crucial for effective treatment, and biofilm inhibition could improve treatment efficacy. To that end, we developed a bacterial protease‐responsive shape memory polymer based on a segmented polyurethane with incorporated poly(glutamic acid) peptide (PU‐Pep). Poly(glutamic acid) degrades in response to bacterial proteases to trigger shape recovery of PU‐Pep films that are programmed into a secondary shape. These materials have transition temperatures well above body temperature (~60°C), which enables stable storage in temporary shapes after implantation. Synthesized polymers have high shape fixity (~74%–88%), shape recovery (~93%–95%), and cytocompatibility (~100%). Strained PU‐Pep samples underwent shape recovery within ≤24 h in response to the V8 enzyme from Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, ~50% recovery) and multiple bacteria strains (S. aureus [~40%], Staphylococcus epidermidis [~30%], and Escherichia coli [~25%]), and they had minimal shape change in response to media controls and mammalian cells. Shape recovery of strained PU‐Pep samples prevented biofilm formation on the sample surfaces, and resulting attached planktonic bacteria were vulnerable to applied treatments. PU‐Pep with physically incorporated antimicrobials simultaneously prevented biofilm formation and killed isolated bacteria. PU‐Pep dressings displayed visible shape change and resistance to biofilm formation in in vitro and ex vivo models. In the in vitro model, PU‐Pep shape change also disrupted pre‐formed biofilm structures. This novel bacterial protease‐responsive biomaterial could serve as a wound dressing that changes shape specifically during bacterial colonization to alert clinicians to infection and make biofilm‐associated infections easier to treat.
MOFs for desulfurization of fuel oil: Recent advances and future insights
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , Firdous Aswa , Zaman Muhammad Saleh , Izhar Fatima , Riaz Mubeshar , Haider Sabah , Majeed Muzamil , Tariq Shahzaib 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNowadays, desulfurization of fuel oil has raised concern globally because of strict industrial and environmental legislations. Albeit hydrodesulfurization (HDS) has been extensively used in oil refineries to produce low sulfur oil (< 10 ppm) but not been proven as effective method for the removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT), benzothiophene (TH) and their derivatives. Subsequently, adsorptive desulfurization (ADS) and oxidative desulfurization (ODS) methods have been developed to achieve high removal efficiency. In the past decade, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and its composites as oxidative catalysts, as well as adsorbents, have attracted the researchers owing to high surface area, tunable properties, and reusable. The present review comprises use of MOFs and their composites for the removal of sulfur from fuel oil via ODS and ADS processes. Additionally, physicochemical properties of MOFs, mechanism, pros and cons of both process, regeneration, and future challenges have been discussed briefly. Moreover, current limitations and future prospective are also discussed.
Disseminating early interventions for disaster mental health response using the ECHO model
Authors: Hambrick Erin P. , Williams Joah L. , Hardt Madeleine M. , Collins Jen O. , Punt Stephanie E. , Rincon Caicedo Mariana , Zhang E (Alice) , Maras Melissa , Lopez Mader Luisa , Stiles Robert , Nelson Eve‐Lynn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExtension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO)‐based telementoring was evaluated for disseminating early disaster interventions, Psychological First Aid (PFA) and Skills for Psychological Recovery (SPR), to school professionals throughout rural, disaster‐affected communities further affected by COVID‐19. PFA and SPR complemented their Multitiered System of Support: PFA complemented tier 1 (universal) and SPR tier 2 (targeted) prevention. We evaluated the outcomes of a pretraining webinar (164 participants, January 2021) and four‐part PFA training (84 participants, June 2021) and SPR training (59 participants, July 2021) across five levels of Moore's continuing medical education evaluation framework: (1) participation, (2) satisfaction, (3) learning, (4) competence, and (5) performance, using pre‐, post‐, and 1‐month follow‐up surveys. Positive training outcomes were observed across all five levels, with high participation and satisfaction throughout, and high use at the 1‐month follow‐up. ECHO‐based telementoring may successfully engage and train community providers in these underused early disaster response models. Recommendations regarding training format and using evaluation to improve training are provided.
Cellular liquid–liquid phase separation: Concept, functions, regulations, and detections
Authors: Che Xuanlin , Wu Jiajun , Liu Hua , Su Juan , Chen Xiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLiquid–liquid phase separation is a multicomponent system separated into phases with different compositions and structures. It has been identified and explored in organisms after being introduced from the thermodynamic field. Condensate, the product of phase separation, exists in different scales of cellular structures, such as nucleolus, stress granules, and other organelles in nuclei or cytoplasm. And also play critical roles in different cellular behaviors. Here, we review the concept, thermodynamical and biochemical principles of phase separation. We summarized the main functions including the adjustment of biochemical reaction rates, the regulation of macromolecule folding state, subcellular structural support, the mediation of subcellular location, and intimately linked to different kinds of diseases, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. Advanced detection methods to investigate phase separation are collected and analyzed. We conclude with the discussion of anxiety of phase separation, and thought about how progress can be made to develop precise detection methods and disclose the potential application of condensates.
First description of atrial fibrillation and congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura treated by left atrial appendage occlusion
Authors: Basrawala Hussain , Finley Katherine , Jaglal Michael , Mohanty Bibhu D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGiven an increased risk of both thrombosis and bleeding, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) presents a unique challenge when anticoagulation is required for comorbid disease, particularly in the setting of major bleeding events. We present for the first time a patient with TTP and atrial fibrillation, presenting with recurrent stroke, but unable to tolerate anticoagulation due to prior intra‐cerebral hemorrhage. To address both issues concomitantly, we describe the successful application of a novel management approach to facilitate left atrial appendage occlusion, there by offering a non‐pharmacologic means of stroke prevention without added bleeding risk.
Paracetamol toxicity in classic homocystinuria: Effect of N‐acetylcysteine on total homocysteine
Authors: Elkhateeb Nour , Hyde Sarah , Hogg Sarah L. , Allsop Daniel , Shankar Arun , Deegan Patrick , Tan Chong Y. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClassical homocystinuria (HCU) is caused by cystathionine β‐synthase deficiency leading to impaired homocysteine transsulfuration and accumulation of homocysteine and methionine. Patients present with a wide spectrum of manifestations including ocular, skeletal, neuropsychiatric, and vascular manifestations. We report a 48‐year‐old female with pyridoxine‐unresponsive HCU treated with betaine, cyanocobalamin, and folate. Her diet was non‐restricted due to intolerance of low‐methionine diet. She was admitted to hospital following a fall, with multiple fractures and subsequently developed acute liver failure with encephalopathy. Shock, sepsis, and liver ischaemia/thrombosis were excluded. In the context of glutathione depletion expected in HCU, hepatic dysfunction was presumed to be due to iatrogenic paracetamol toxicity, despite paracetamol intake at conventional therapeutic dose, with role of hypermethioninemia as a contributing factor being uncertain. Betaine was discontinued on hospital admission. N‐Acetylcysteine (NAC) infusion was initiated. Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) was 3.4 μmol/L 9 days following initiation of NAC treatment with a markedly elevated plasma methionine of 1278 μmol/L. tHcy concentration returned to pre‐admission baseline after NAC was discontinued. Recovery following this episode was slow with a prolonged cholestatic phase and gradual improvement in jaundice and coagulopathy. We recommend that paracetamol should be administered cautiously in HCU patients due to underlying glutathione depletion and risk of toxicity even at therapeutic doses. NAC is clearly effective in lowering tHcy in classical HCU in the short‐term however further research is required to assess clinical efficacy and use as a potential therapy in classical HCU.
Linking management practices with survival to improve outcomes for a red wolf population
Authors: Lynch Emily C. , Kendall Corinne J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEx situbreeding programs serve as an important conservation tool for threatened and endangered species. Such programs must strike a balance among the immediate welfare needs of individual animals, growing the population, maintaining genetic diversity, and ensuring a successful release. While several carnivores have been successfully reintroduced into the wild fromex situpopulations, little is known regarding the long‐term effects of management practices on animals within such reintroduction programs. We evaluated the effects of different management practices on survival for red wolves (Canis rufus), an endangered species in North America for which >95% of the population remains under human care and destined for release, as of 2020. We combined studbook records and survey information on the population of red wolves under managed care in Association of Zoos and Aquariums institutions. We aimed to assess age‐specific survival probabilities and causes of mortality as outcomes of various management practices within the red wolf breeding program. Large enclosures significantly reduced the risk of death by parental trauma for neonates and transferring wolves away from their natal group improved overall survival probabilities. In addition, exposure to the public positively correlated with survival. We recommend large enclosures (>929 m2) for breeding pairs, consistent transfer plans away from natal groups, and the incorporation of flexible approaches to management based on strategic planning of releases. Improvingex situbreeding programs is important to the welfare and survival of animals under human care and plays an important role in the management and recovery of endangered and threatened species.
Rapid phytoplankton response to wind forcing influences productivity in upwelling bays
Authors: Broullón Esperanza , Franks Peter J. S. , Fernández Castro Bieito , Gilcoto Miguel , Fuentes‐Lema Antonio , Pérez‐Lorenzo Maria , Fernández Emilio , Mouriño‐Carballido Beatriz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBays are often ecological hotspots within highly‐productive eastern boundary upwelling systems. Though the physics of such bays are well understood, there is no consensus about the factors underlying their high productivity. Three weeks of high‐temporal‐resolution observations in two long, narrow bays (Rías Baixas, NW‐Iberia), showed that during an upwelling pulse, deep, nutrient‐rich isopycnals rose into the euphotic zone inside the rías in a few hours. The response of the isopycnals to changes in wind forcing is approximately three times faster inside the rías than the Ekman spin‐up time, triggering rapid nutrient uptake and subsequent formation of a subsurface chlorophyll and production maximum. The tight coupling and rapid response of phytoplankton growth to wind forcing could explain the higher productivity of the rías, and also be at play in other upwelling bays with similar morphologies and orientations. Resolving short‐term variability of physical–biological coupling is crucial to discern the future evolution of upwelling bays.
Mn2+‐Activated Cs3Cu2I5 Nano‐Scintillators for Ultra‐High Resolution Flexible X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Wang Zhaoyu , Wei Youchao , Liu Caiping , Liu Yongsheng , Hong Maochun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractZero‐dimensional (0D) copper‐based perovskite‐derivative nano‐scintillators (NSs), as a promising non‐toxic alternative to lead‐based halide perovskite, have shown great potential in flexible X‐ray detection and imaging. However, their practical applications are still impeded by low X‐ray imaging resolution associated with inadequate radioluminescence (RL) and poor environmental stability. Herein, for the first time a simple but valid Mn2+‐activation strategy is proposed to highly enhance the RL and stability of 0D Cs3Cu2I5 NSs, where the Mn2+ ions are embedded into the highly localized [Cu2I5]3− units by utilizing a modified hot‐injection method. As such, a newly emerged emission band of Mn2+ ion centered at ≈562 nm coupled with much improved intrinsic self‐trapped excitons (STE) emission of the 0D Cs3Cu2I5 host peaking at ≈445 nm can be achieved in these resultant Mn2+‐activated 0D Cs3Cu2I5 NSs, thereby delivering a light yield of 71 000 photons MeV−1 that is much superior to their lead‐based perovskite counterparts and commercial scintillators. As a consequence, X‐ray detectors made of these Mn2+‐activated NSs implement an ultrahigh X‐ray imaging resolution of 16.2 line pairs mm−1 and an ultra‐low detection limit of 127.5 nGyair s−1, highlighting their potential as promising candidates for flexible X‐ray detection and imaging.
Classification of metastatic hepatic carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma lesions using contrast‐enhanced CT based on EI‐CNNet
Authors: Wang Xuehu , Li Nie , Yin Xiaoping , Xing Lihong , Zheng Yongchang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundFor hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic hepatic carcinoma, imaging is one of the main diagnostic methods. In clinical practice, diagnosis mainly relied on experienced imaging physicians, which was inefficient and cannot met the demand for rapid and accurate diagnosis. Therefore, how to efficiently and accurately classify the two types of liver cancer based on imaging is an urgent problem to be solved at present.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to use the deep learning classification model to help radiologists classify the single metastatic hepatic carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma based on the enhanced features of enhanced CT (Computer Tomography) portal phase images of the liver site.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 52 patients with metastatic hepatic carcinoma and 50 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were among the patients who underwent preoperative enhanced CT examinations from 2017–2020. A total of 565 CT slices from these patients were used to train and validate the classification network (EI‐CNNet, training/validation: 452/113). First, the EI block was used to extract edge information from CT slices to enrich fine‐grained information and classify them. Then, ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve was used to evaluate the performance, accuracy, and recall of the EI‐CNNet. Finally, the classification results of EI‐CNNet were compared with popular classification models.ResultsBy utilizing 80% data for model training and 20% data for model validation, the average accuracy of this experiment was 98.2% ± 0.62 (mean ± standard deviation (SD)), the recall rate was 97.23% ± 2.77, the precision rate was 98.02% ± 2.07, the network parameters were 11.83 MB, and the validation time was 9.83 s/sample. The classification accuracy was improved by 20.98% compared to the base CNN network and the validation time was 10.38 s/sample. Compared with other classification networks, the InceptionV3 network showed improved classification results, but the number of parameters was increased and the validation time was 33 s/sample, and the classification accuracy was improved by 6.51% using this method.ConclusionEI‐CNNet demonstrated promised diagnostic performance and has potential to reduce the workload of radiologists and may help distinguish whether the tumor is primary or metastatic in time; otherwise, it may be missed or misjudged.
Juvenile Alewife Passage through a Compact Hydropower Turbine Designed for Fish Safety
Authors: Watson Sterling M. , Schneider Abraham D. , Gardner Lynette C. , Apell Bryan R. , Thompson Paige C. , Cadman Gregor B. , Gagnon Ian F. , Frese Chris R. , Wechsler Jesse F. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Hydropower is a valuable renewable energy source, but its effects on the downstream passage of many riverine fish species are not well understood. Turbines that are designed to function as safe downstream passage routes for fish are being developed with the goal of mitigating the effects of hydropower operations on the environment. In this paper, we present the results of a study conducted with the juvenile life stage of the Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, a major migratory species on the Atlantic coast of North America. The test was conducted at a small hydropower plant located in Freedom, Maine, with a single Restoration Hydro Turbine (RHT) operating under 7.5 m of gross head. Groups of 140–170 fish were released into the intake of a 55-cm-diameter RHT and were recaptured with a specialized trap at the turbine discharge outlet. The combined immediate and 48-h survival rates (±95% CI) for all treatments, corrected for control mortality, were 98.2 ± 2.0% and 100.0 ± 6.6%, respectively. The passage of Alewives through the runner region of the turbine was also captured with high-speed video. The results of the study demonstrate that the RHT, which is designed for fish safety, is an effective way to pass juvenile alosines downstream at hydropower facilities.
Finetuning ground penetrating radar velocity analysis from hyperbola fitting using migration
Authors: Rønning Jan Steinar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe widely used tool, ground penetrating radar (GPR), has proven to be an excellent research method for glaciological studies. The total ice thickness and englacial structures can be studied, and the method can give information on the temperature regime within the ice. Good velocity profiles are needed to convert measured two‐way travel time to depth information. In addition, a good velocity analysis can be used to improve data processing. A number of methods can be used to find the GPR wave velocity, which are briefly described. This study used hyperbola fitting to estimate the velocity in a glaciological study. In addition, Kirchhoff's migration was used to fine‐tune this velocity estimate. Within the Longyearbreen glacier, situated next to Longyearbyen on Spitsbergen, Svalbard archipelago, objects in the ice act as scattering points that create hyperbolas. Using the hyperbola‐fitting method, a GPR wave velocity equal to 0.170 ± 0.005 m/ns was estimated. By doing Kirchhoff's migration and studying the collapse of hyperbolas with variations of the migration velocity, a more accurate velocity estimate can be achieved; 0.172 ± 0.002 m/ns. A more accurate velocity estimate like this opens possibilities for better characterization of the ice body and ice thickness variations, as well as the variation of these as a function of time. In March 2022, the maximum ice thickness in the investigated area was calculated to be 88 ± 1 m.
Ecology meets archaeology: Past, present and future vegetation‐derived ecosystems services from the Nuragic Sardinia (1700–580 BCE)
Authors: Malavasi Marco , Bazzichetto Manuele , Bagella Stefania , Barták Vojtěch , Depalmas Anna , Gregorini Antonello , Sperandii Marta Gaia , Acosta Alicia T. R. , Bagella Simonetta 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Incorporating archaeology within the ecosystem services (ES) framework can offer decision‐makers lessons from the past and a broader sustainability perspective. Given the claimed archaeology‐ES link, the island of Sardinia (Italy) offers an unparalleled opportunity where a unique archaeological heritage occurs in an area of high biodiversity value. More than 5000 nuraghi, megalithic edifices distinctive of the Nuragic civilization (1700–580 BCE), are still present on the island.

By crossing the map of Vegetation Series (VS) with nuraghi occurrences, we aimed at acquiring a long‐term perspective on the interactions between Nuragic people and the vegetation as ES provider, so as to enrich our understanding of the past and the present, and potentially inform future practice for the region of Sardinia. A VS is here intended as a hypothesis of a succession of plant communities that can potentially succeed each other over time in a particular land unit.

The vegetation‐derived ES represented a driving force in the land occupation strategies of the Nuragic people, who preferred, for their settlements, the mesophiluos cork oak VS and secondary the deciduous broad‐leaved ones, which, with fresh climatic conditions on fertile substrates and gentle slopes on effusive magmatic rocks, can provide land for grazing and agriculture. Conversely, the Nuragic land occupation strategies shaped the VS, transforming the landscape into agro‐silvo‐pastoral systems. Our results suggest that the origin of the present agro‐silvo‐pastoral landscapes (i.e. Pascolo arborato/Dehesa) in Sardinia could be traced back to the Nuragic civilization.

The interaction between humans and vegetation in Sardinia is ancient, reciprocal and dynamic. This interaction is crucial for the survival of the present agro‐silvo‐pastoral landscapes that represent important suppliers of provisioning, regulating and cultural ES. Among others, these landscapes are a good example of intimate and sustainable relationships between people and nature and provide a marked sense of place and identity for Sardinia inhabitants.

This transdisciplinary approach linking plant ecology with archaeology offered archaeology a better understanding of the environmental settings and subsistence of the Nuragic civilization and provided plant ecology with a long‐term perspective on human‐vegetation interactions.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Theoretical descriptions of novel silicon analogs of cyclo[18]carbon
Authors: Abedini Nastaran , Amouzgar Delara , Kassaee Mohamad Z. , Zamani Mehdi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe effects of substituting silicon atoms on the stability, geometrical parameters, and electronic properties of cyclo[18]carbon (C18), C17Si, and nine isomers of C16Si2 (C16Si2(0) to C16Si2(8)) are compared and contrasted at CAM‐B3LYP/6‐311G* level of theory. Among C16Si2 isomers, the trend of stability (based on total and binding energy [Eb]) is C16Si2(8) > C16Si2(4) > C16Si2(2) > C16Si2(7) > C16Si2(6) > C16Si2(5) > C16Si2(3) > C16Si2(1) > C16Si2(0), at B3LYP/6‐311G*, B3LYP/6‐311++G**, WB97XD/6‐311G*, and CAM‐B3LYP/6‐311G* level of theories. Respectively, the highest and lowest band gaps belong to C18 and C17Si, which also have the smallest and largest conductivities. According to the heat of atomization per carbon (ΔHat/C) and heat of formation (ΔHf), the least thermodynamic stable species, C16Si2(0), suffers from the highest inter‐atomic interaction of neighboring silicon atoms (Si‐Si repulsion) and the most thermodynamic stable species, C16Si2(8), that has the furthest silicon atoms from each other. Theoretical analysis indicates that the most chemically reactive isomers are C16Si2(1), (3), and (5), which have high nucleophilicity (N = 2.752, 2.665, and 2.573 eV, respectively) and electrophilicity (ω = 0.126, 0.128, and 0.128 eV, respectively). The Si substitution increases the polarizability and activity of rings to interact with their surrounding polar species.