bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of TRP Channels in Oral Pathology and Therapeutic Targeting
Options: A Narrative Review
Authors: Evangeliou Evangelos , Plemmenos Grigorios , Chalazias Andreas , Piperi Christina 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels are non-selective Ca2+ per-meable channels with a wide and dynamic involvement in the perception of environmental stimuli in the oral cavity and a pivotal role in oral tissues’ pathology and oral diseases. Several factors se-creted during pulpitis and periodontitis, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins, gluta-mate, extracellular ATP, and bradykinin, can trigger TRPs, either directly or indirectly, lowering the threshold of sensory neurons and regulate immune cell function.

Objective:
To investigate the diverse functions and molecular mechanisms of TRP channels in oral pathology and critically discuss their clinical significance and therapeutic targeting potential.

Methods:
Relevant keywords were used for research in scientific databases (Pumped, Scopus, and Science Direct). Only articles in English were included, screened, and critically analyzed. The key findings of these studies were included, along with their clinical importance.

Results:
Certain TRP channels were detected as key mediators of oral pathology. TRPV1 was re-vealed to play an important role in pain transduction in pulpits, induce inflammation, and be in-volved in bone resorption during periodontitis. TRPM2 activation may reduce saliva secretion in acinar salivary cells and xerostomia after head and neck radiation, while TRPV1 and TRPA1 chan-nels mediate trigeminal nerve pain. Several TRP agonists and antagonists have been demonstrated to block pathological pathways in oral diseases along with certain compounds such as capsaicin, capsazepine, nifedipine, eugenol, thapsigargin and specific targeting techniques such as UHF-USP and Er: YAG lasers. Current TRP targeting approaches have been shown to exert beneficial effects in osteoblasts and fibroblasts proliferation, carcinoma cells’ apoptosis, saliva secretion, and noci-ception.

Conclusion:
TRPs play a central role in pain transduction, inflammatory responses in oral tissues, and pathological conditions of the oral mucosa, including oral squamous cell carcinoma and ulcera-tive mucositis.
Real-Time Prediction of Sepsis in Critical Trauma Patients: Machine Learning–Based Modeling Study
Authors: Li Jiang , Xi Fengchan , Yu Wenkui , Sun Chuanrui , Wang Xiling 
Published: March 2023

Background
Sepsis is a leading cause of death in patients with trauma, and the risk of mortality increases significantly for each hour of delay in treatment. A hypermetabolic baseline and explosive inflammatory immune response mask clinical signs and symptoms of sepsis in trauma patients, making early diagnosis of sepsis more challenging. Machine learning–based predictive modeling has shown great promise in evaluating and predicting sepsis risk in the general intensive care unit (ICU) setting, but there has been no sepsis prediction model specifically developed for trauma patients so far.

Objective
To develop a machine learning model to predict the risk of sepsis at an hourly scale among ICU-admitted trauma patients.

Methods
We extracted data from adult trauma patients admitted to the ICU at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center between 2008 and 2019. A total of 42 raw variables were collected, including demographics, vital signs, arterial blood gas, and laboratory tests. We further derived a total of 485 features, including measurement pattern features, scoring features, and time-series variables, from the raw variables by feature engineering. The data set was randomly split into 70% for model development with stratified 5-fold cross-validation, 15% for calibration, and 15% for testing. An Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model was developed to predict the hourly risk of sepsis at prediction windows of 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours. We evaluated model performance for discrimination and calibration both at time-step and outcome levels. Clinical applicability of the model was evaluated with varying levels of precision, and the potential clinical net benefit was assessed with decision curve analysis (DCA). A Shapley additive explanation algorithm was applied to show the effect of features on the prediction model. In addition, we trained an L2-regularized logistic regression model to compare its performance with XGBoost.

Results
We included 4603 trauma patients in the study, 1196 (26%) of whom developed sepsis. The XGBoost model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) ranging from 0.83 to 0.88 at the 4-to-24-hour prediction window in the test set. With a ratio of 9 false alerts for every true alert, it predicted 73% (386/529) of sepsis-positive timesteps and 91% (163/179) of sepsis events in the subsequent 6 hours. The DCA showed our model had a positive net benefit in the threshold probability range of 0 to 0.6. In comparison, the logistic regression model achieved lower performance, with AUROC ranging from 0.76 to 0.84 at the 4-to-24-hour prediction window.

Conclusions
The machine learning–based model had good discrimination and calibration performance for sepsis prediction in critical trauma patients. Using the model in clinical practice might help to identify patients at risk of sepsis in a time window that enables personalized intervention and early treatment.
Phenotypes Associated With Zones Defined by Area Under the Curve Glucose and C-peptide in a Population With Islet Autoantibodies
Authors: Sosenko Jay M. , Cuthbertson David , Sims Emily K. , Ismail Heba M. , Nathan Brandon M. , Jacobsen Laura M. , Atkinson Mark A. , Evans-Molina Carmella , Herold Kevan C. , Skyler Jay S. , Redondo Maria J. ,   TrialNet Study Group
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE
Metabolic zones were developed to characterize heterogeneity of individuals with islet autoantibodies.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Baseline 2-h oral glucose tolerance test data from 6,620 TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study (TNPTP) autoantibody-positive participants (relatives of individuals with type 1 diabetes) were used to form 25 zones from five area under the curve glucose (AUCGLU) rows and five area under the curve C-peptide (AUCPEP) columns. Zone phenotypes were developed from demographic, metabolic, autoantibody, HLA, and risk data.

RESULTS
As AUCGLU increased, changes of glucose and C-peptide response curves (from mean glucose and mean C-peptide values at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min) were similar within the five AUCPEP columns. Among the zones, 5-year risk for type 1 diabetes was highly correlated with islet antigen 2 antibody prevalence (r = 0.96, P &lt; 0.001). Disease risk decreased markedly in the highest AUCGLU row as AUCPEP increased (0.88–0.41; P &lt; 0.001 from lowest AUCPEP column to highest AUCPEP column). AUCGLU correlated appreciably less with Index60 (an indicator of insulin secretion) in the highest AUCPEP column (r = 0.33) than in other columns (r ≥ 0.78). AUCGLU was positively related to “fasting glucose × fasting insulin” and to “fasting glucose × fasting C-peptide” (indicators of insulin resistance) before and after adjustments for Index60 (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Phenotypes of 25 zones formed from AUCGLU and AUCPEP were used to gain insights into type 1 diabetes heterogeneity. Zones were used to examine GCRC changes with increasing AUCGLU, associations between risk and autoantibody prevalence, the dependence of glucose as a predictor of risk according to C-peptide, and glucose heterogeneity from contributions of insulin secretion and insulin resistance.
Upper-Extremity Impairments in Type 1 Diabetes: Results From a Controlled Nationwide Study
Authors: Wagner Sabina , Nørgaard Kirsten , Willaing Ingrid , Olesen Kasper , Andersen Henrik U. 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to identify current and lifetime prevalence of upper-extremity impairments (UEIs) among individuals with type 1 diabetes and explore factors associated with UEIs.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In a Danish cross-sectional nationwide case-control study, data on UEIs and health behavior were paired with data on sociodemographics and clinical factors from national registers. Participants included individuals with type 1 diabetes (n = 2,245) and a control group (n = 841). Differences between groups were assessed using binomial proportions and multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS
Compared with controls, individuals with type 1 diabetes were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) more likely to experience frozen shoulder (odds ratio [OR] 3.5), carpal tunnel syndrome (OR 3.5), trigger finger (OR 5.0), and Dupuytren contracture (OR 4.3). They were also more likely to have several coexisting impairments than the control group (P &lt; 0.01). Diabetes duration was associated with all four impairments.

CONCLUSIONS
UEIs are common, particularly among individuals with type 1 diabetes.
USING THE GAME APPROACHES FOR DEVELOPING THE SPEECH OF CHILDREN WITH MODERATE MENTAL RETARDATION
Authors: Saratikyan Lilit 
Published: March 2023

The aim of the study was to explore the role of game-based approaches for developing speech in children with moderate mental retardation. More than 40 scientific journals, articles, and educational materials were analyzed in pedagogical and psychological fields to explore the advantages and challenges of using game-based approaches in the process of developing the speech of children with moderate mental retardation.
A literature review methodology was used for collecting and synthesizing the existing scientific theoretical bases of game-based approaches for developing speech of children with moderate mental retardation since this research method created a firm foundation for advancing knowledge and facilitating theory development (Webster & Watson, 2002). The use of the literature review method helped the author learn about the history and nature of the selected topic, and identify research gaps and problems, so the results of a literature review may be presented as an entire report or article (Torracro, 2005).
The current study results have shown that the effectiveness of communication skills and speech formation and development of children with moderate mental retardation was based on the approach of gradually involving children in verbal communication through play activities. As well as the specification and elaboration of the content and tools of game activities provide such pedagogical conditions, which contributed to the expansion of children's communication field, the activation of preserved opportunities, and the demand for verbal communication.
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR STUDENTS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS
Authors: Muradyan Susanna 
Published: March 2023

Visual impairment is a disability resulting in partial or complete loss of vision. It results in hindrance to performing daily chores, thereby decreasing the quality of life. This study aims to augment the userâ€™s experience with digital interfaces (e.g., the display system of personal computers and smartphones) through the design of an efficient system enabling easier and more effective user navigation.
Assistive technology for the visually impaired and blind people is a research field that is gaining increasing prominence owing to an explosion of new interest in it from disparate disciplines. The field has a very relevant social impact on our ever-increasing aging and blind populations. While many excellent state-of-the-art accounts have been written to date, all of them are subjective in nature. We performed an objective statistical survey across the various sub-disciplines in the field and applied information analysis and network-theory techniques to answer several key questions relevant to the field. To analyze the field, we compiled an extensive database of scientific research publications over the last two decades. We inferred interesting patterns and statistics concerning the main research areas and underlying themes, identified leading journals and conferences, captured growth patterns of the research field; identified active research communities, and present our interpretation of trends in the field for the near future.
The study of the educational process of students with visual impairments shows that they can generally receive a successful education on an equal basis with others. On the other hand, the educational process of students with visual impairments is accompanied by several difficulties associated with the fact that they cannot see. One of the ways to effectively solve this problem is computer assistive technologies based on programs for the blind and visually impaired, information sources (through sound reproduction, an auxiliary point, or listening to a large text). Computer assistive technologies are easy to understand and allow you to work independently with a regular personal computer, and general-purpose programs (MS Word, Internet Explorer, etc.) to obtain a normal user experience. For students with visual impairments, these functions have a significant compensatory effect, allowing assistance to the visually impaired ( scanning, reading plain text, preparing printed documents, etc.).
Posterior fossa tumors in children: An update and new concepts
Authors: Mengide Juan Pablo , Berros María Florencia , Turza Mariana Estefanía , Liñares Juan Manuel 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Posterior fossa tumors account for approximately half of the central nervous system tumors in children. Major technological advances, mainly in the fields of molecular biology and neuroimaging, have modified their classification, leading to a more detailed description of these entities. Into the classic taxonomy, used for many years, new concepts have been incorporated at times eliminating or modifying former ones.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted in PubMed using the medical subject headings involving the five most common pediatric posterior fossa tumors: diffuse midline glioma, medulloblastoma, ependymoma, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, and pilocytic astrocytoma. Only English published articles in the past 11 years that provided technological, neuroimaging, and molecular biology insight into posterior fossa tumors in children were considered.

Results:
Substantial changes have been introduced in the nomenclature of pediatric posterior fossa tumors. Diffuse midline gliomas are named based on alterations in histone H3. Molecular rearrangements of medulloblastomas are more important in defining the prognosis than histological variants; therefore, these tumors are currently named based on their molecular subgroups. Posterior fossa ependymomas and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor classification have incorporated new groups based on different genetic profiles. Pilocytic astrocytoma has been placed in a new category that distinguishes circumscribed from diffuse entities.

Conclusion:
Advances in molecular biology and neuroimaging have substantially changed the way pediatric neoplasms are studied. The classical taxonomy has been modified leading to more accurate classifications that are based on the genetic alterations.
Liquid metal integrated PU/CNT fibrous membrane for human health monitoring
Authors: Li Mei-Xi , Wu Da-Yong , Tang Rong-Yu , Zhou Si-Yuan , Liang Wei-Hua , Liu Jing , Li Lei 
Published: March 2023

Wearable flexible sensors are widely used in several applications such as physiological monitoring, electronic skin, and telemedicine. Typically, flexible sensors that are made of elastomeric thin-films lack sufficient permeability, which leads to skin inflammation, and more importantly, affects signal detection and consequently, reduces the sensitivity of the sensor. In this study, we designed a flexible nanofibrous membrane with a high air permeability (6.10 mm/s), which could be effectively used to monitor human motion signals and physiological signals. More specifically, a flexible membrane with a point (liquid metal nanoparticles)-line (carbon nanotubes)-plane (liquid metal thin-film) multiscale conductive structure was fabricated by combining liquid metal (LM) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a polyurethane (PU) nanofibrous membrane. Interestingly, the excellent conductivity and fluidity of the liquid metal enhanced the sensitivity and stability of the membrane. More precisely, the gauge factor (GF) values of the membrane is 3.0 at 50% strain and 14.0 at 400% strain, which corresponds to a high strain sensitivity within the whole range of deformation. Additionally, the proposed membrane has good mechanical properties with an elongation at a break of 490% and a tensile strength of 12 MPa. Furthermore, the flexible membrane exhibits good biocompatibility and can efficiently monitor human health signals, thereby indicating potential for application in the field of wearable electronic devices.
Construction of exogenous methanol, formate, and betaine modules for methyl donor supply in methionine biosynthesis
Authors: Shen Zhen-Yang , Wang Yi-Feng , Wang Li-Juan , Zhang Bo , Liu Zhi-Qiang , Zheng Yu-Guo 
Published: March 2023

Methionine is an essential sulfur-containing amino acid that finds widespread applications in agriculture, medicine, and the food industry. However, the complex and multibranched biosynthetic pathway of methionine has posed significant challenges to its efficient fermentation production. In this study, we employed a modularized synthetic biology strategy to improve the weakest branched pathway of methionine biosynthesis. Three exogenous modules were constructed and assembled to provide methyl donors, which are the primary limiting factors in methionine biosynthesis. The first module utilized added methanol, which was converted into 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate for methionine production but was hindered by the toxicity of methanol. To circumvent this issue, a non-toxic formate module was constructed, resulting in a visible improvement in the methionine titer. Finally, an exogenous betaine module was constructed, which could directly deliver methyl to methionine. The final strain produced 2.87 g/L of methionine in a flask, representing a 20% increase over the starting strain. This study presents a novel strategy for improving and balancing other metabolites that are synthesized through complex multibranched pathways.
Ghrelin regulates hyperactivity-like behaviors via growth hormone signaling pathway in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Guan Kaiyu , Shan Chunyan , Guo Anqi , Gao Xiang , Li Xi 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionGhrelin is originally identified as the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) and partially acts by stimulating growth hormone (GH) release. Our previous studies have identified GHRELIN as a novel susceptibility gene for human attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and ghrelin-depleted zebrafish (Danio rerio) display ADHD-like behaviors. However, the underlying molecular mechanism how ghrelin regulates hyperactivity-like behaviors is not yet known.ResultsHere, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis using adult ghrelinΔ/Δ zebrafish brains to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that gh1 mRNA and genes related to the gh signaling pathway were significantly reduced at transcriptional expression levels. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed and confirmed the downregulation of gh signaling pathway-related genes in ghrelinΔ/Δ zebrafish larvae and the brain of adult ghrelinΔ/Δ zebrafish. In addition, ghrelinΔ/Δ zebrafish displayed hyperactive and hyperreactive phenotypes, such as an increase in motor activity in swimming test and a hyperreactive phenotype under light/dark cycle stimulation, mimicking human ADHD symptoms. Intraperitoneal injection of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) partially rescued the hyperactivity and hyperreactive-like behaviors in ghrelin mutant zebrafish. ConclusionOur results indicated that ghrelin may regulate hyperactivity-like behaviors by mediating gh signaling pathway in zebrafish. And the protective effect of rhGH on ghrelinΔ/Δ zebrafish hyperactivity behavior provides new therapeutic clues for ADHD patients.
Effect of the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level on risk for short-term residual dizziness after successful repositioning in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo stratified by sex and onset age
Authors: Wu Jing , Jiang Chun-Yan , Bai Ying-Xia , Xu Qian , Sun Xu-Hong , Pan Hui , Shu Liang , Liu Jian-Ren , Chen Wei 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveA low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level is relevant to both the occurrence and recurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). However, whether it also contributes to residual dizziness (RD) after successful repositioning maneuvers is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the correlation between the serum 25(OH)D level and short-term RD severity in patients with BPPV after successful repositioning maneuvers.MethodsIn total, 251 patients with BPPV after successful repositioning were enrolled and prospectively followed up for 1 week (W1). Serum 25(OH)D values were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay at enrollment (W0). In addition, we explored the relationship between 25(OH)D values at baseline and RD severity at W1 in different subgroups stratified by sex and onset age (early-onset, ≤50 years; late-onset, &gt;50 years).ResultsThe serum 25(OH)D level of female patients was significantly lower than that of male patients (15.9 ± 6.8 vs. 19.8 ± 6.6 ng/ml, p &lt; 0.001). Its level also decreased in early-onset patients compared to late-onset ones (15.3 ± 5.9 vs. 18.0 ± 7.3 ng/ml, p = 0.003). In addition, early-onset female patients had lower 25(OH)D values than late-onset female patients (14.0 ± 5.5 vs. 17.1 ± 7.2 ng/ml, p = 0.004). However, this difference was not observed between early- and late-onset male patients. Among early-onset female patients, the 25(OH)D values of the moderate-to-severe RD group were lower than those of the minor or no RD group (10.9 ± 3.3 vs. 14.7 ± 5.7 vs. 15.0 ± 5.9 ng/ml, p = 0.046). Multivariate analysis found that decreased 25(OH)D values were related to the occurrence of moderate-to-severe RD in early-onset female patients (OR = 0.801; p = 0.022). This effect did not exist in late-onset female or male patients with BPPV.ConclusionsAge and sex differences in serum 25(OH)D levels exist in patients with BPPV. A decreased 25(OH)D level in early-onset female patients may increase the odds of moderate-to-severe RD 1 week after successful repositioning maneuvers.