bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Hardness and Volume of Polymers in Contact with Lubricants Used in Electric Vehicle Transmissions
Authors: García Tuero Alejandro , Díez-Valbuena Guillermo , Rivera Noelia , González Rubén , Hernández Battez Antolín 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe location of the electric motor (EM) within the transmission in an electric vehicle requires the compatibility of automatic transmission fluids (ATF) with the EM and transmission materials. This work studies the compatibility of four conventional ATF with three structural polymers (PEEK, PTFE and PA66) and three elastomers (FKM, EPDM and silicone). Changes in volume and hardness of the materials after a period of aging in ATFs were measured. Complementary tests were carried out to explain the results. All four ATFs showed good compatibility with all materials except EPDM. This low compatibility was related to changes in the composition and crystalline structure of the elastomer. PA66, despite its good results, showed a certain hardening due to an increase in the degree of crystallinity after aging, so it is necessary to monitor its results in resistance tests.
Analysis of Navigation Algorithms for a Fleet of Mobile Robots by Means of Digital Twins
Authors: Martínez-Gutiérrez Alberto , Díez-González Javier , Verde Paula , Ferrero-Guillén Rubén , Perez Hilde 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIndustrial maintenance is undergoing a process of digitalization and automation through the use of Industry 4.0 technologies. An example is the employment of digital twins which allow virtualizing assets such as a fleet of Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMR) . In this paper, we analyze two local navigation algorithms for AMRs navigation in a digitized environment: Dynamic Window Approximation (DWA) and Time Elastic Band (TEB) . For this purpose, a digital twin is implemented in the ROS ecosystem. In this environment, a combined mission of a fleet of three AMRs is simulated where they navigate together in order to compare the behavior of the algorithms in dynamic industrial environments. As a result, the trajectories of each AMR that are key for production cost planning are analyzed. Finally, we introduce in this work a web server to interact with the developed digital twin facilitating its use.
Mechatronic Design of a New Fluid Pivot Journal Bearing
Authors: Salazar Jorge González , San-Martín Matías Reumay 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis work introduces a new sort of mechatronic hydrodynamic journal bearing for controlling vibrations in rotating machinery. This mechatronic design aims at improving an increasingly demanded bearing. The new mechatronic fluid pivot journal bearing is built upon a tilting pad journal bearing with a spherical pivot modified to inject pressurized oil into the pivot-pad gap. It is pursued that the bearing properties can be affected via controlling the pivot behaviour. The initial concept is presented followed by the design of each subsystem. An isothermal model is utilized. Results show a lab-size bearing ready for being experimentally validated. It is concluded that the proposed design poses a solution for common problems of hertzian contact based pivot hydrodynamic bearings.
Calculation of Williams-Landel Ferry Shift Factors via Probe Tack Testing for Uncured Prepreg Materials
Authors: Retuerta del Rey Guillermo , Fernández Gorgojo Andrea , Fernández Blázquez Juan Pedro , Chacón Tanarro Enrique 
Published: August 2023

AbstractKnowledge of the viscoelastic properties of the resin present in uncured pre-impregnated composites is essential for the development and optimization of current automated manufacturing processes for composite parts (AFP, ATL, FPP…). Time-temperature superposition applied to the tack force between the prepreg and the tool allows to optimize production times without influencing the viscoelastic behavior of the material by simply varying the temperature. The application of this time-temperature superposition principle requires the calculation of two parameters that depend on the matrix of the composite and that are usually calculated by rheological tests with pure resin samples. In this work, a novel method to obtain these parameters directly from the pre-impregnated composite material using adhesion tests is presented.
OpenBeam: Off-Line and On-Line Tools to Solve Static Analysis of Mechanical Structures
Authors: Blanco-Claraco José Luis , López-Martínez Javier , Garrido-Jiménez Francisco Javier , Gómez-Calvache Pedro , García-Manrique-Ocaña José Manuel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe direct stiffness matrix method for static calculation of structures represents one of the most precise and efficient paradigms to address the analysis of the structures most typically used in construction. The present work intends to fill a niche in open-source software in the field of computational mechanics in relation to said matrix methods, providing a C++ programming library and a set of associated tools that allow an easy approach to structural analysis. This new project, named OpenBeam, presents a design that emphasizes didactic applications with, among other features: an easy parameterization of structures, the presentation of diagram graphs, and the creation of animations of the deformed structures. In addition, an interactive version of the software is offered as a freely accessible online tool for use on any desktop or mobile device without the need for installations since it runs directly on the web browser. The application is accessible from https://open-beam.github.io/openbeam/.
The chiral ring of a symmetric orbifold and its large N limit
Authors: Ashok Sujay K. , Troost Jan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We analyze the chiral operator ring of the symmetric orbifold conformal field theory on the complex two-plane ℂ2. We compute the large N limit of the ring and exhibit its factorized leading order behaviour. We moreover calculate all structure constants at the subleading and sub-subleading order. These features are coded as properties of the symmetric group and we review the relevant mathematical theorems on the product of conjugacy classes in the center of the group algebra. We illustrate the efficiency of the formalism by iteratively computing broad classes of higher point extremal correlators. We point out generalizations of our simplest of models and argue that our combinatorial analysis is relevant to the organization of the large N perturbation theory of generic symmetric orbifolds.
Risk of first-time major cardiovascular event among individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: data from Danish registers
Authors: Falkentoft Alexander C. , Gerds Thomas Alexander , Zareini Bochra , Knop Filip K. , Køber Lars , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Schou Morten , Bruun Niels E. , Ruwald Anne-Christine 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
We aimed to examine whether individuals with initial omission of glucose-lowering drug treatment (GLDT), including those achieving initial remission of type 2 diabetes, may experience a higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) compared with well-controlled individuals on GLDT after a new type 2 diabetes diagnosis in real-world clinical practice. Furthermore, we examined whether a higher risk could be related to lower initiation of statins and renin–angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi).

Methods
In this cohort study, we used Danish registers to identify individuals with a first measured HbA1c between 48 and 57 mmol/mol (6.5–7.4%) from 2014 to 2020. Six months later, we divided participants into four groups according to GLDT and achieved HbA1c (<48 vs ≥48 mmol/mol [6.5%]): well-controlled and poorly controlled on GLDT; remission and persistent type 2 diabetes not on GLDT. We reported how much the standardised 5 year risk of MACE could be reduced for each group if initiation of statins and RASi was the same as in the well-controlled group on GLDT.

Results
We included 14,221 individuals. Compared with well-controlled participants on GLDT, the 5 year standardised risk of MACE was higher in the three other exposure groups: by 3.3% (95% CI 1.6, 5.1) in the persistent type 2 diabetes group not on GLDT; 2.0% (95% CI 0.4, 3.7) in the remission group not on GLDT; and 3.5% (95% CI 1.3, 5.7) in the poorly controlled group on GLDT. Fewer individuals not on GLDT initiated statins and RASi compared with individuals on GLDT. If initiation of statins and RASi had been the same as in the well-controlled group on GLDT, participants not on GLDT could have reduced their risk of MACE by 2.1% (95% CI 1.2, 2.9) in the persistent type 2 diabetes group and by 1.1% (95% CI 0.4, 1.9) in the remission group.

Conclusions/interpretation
Compared with well-controlled individuals on GLDT, individuals not on initial GLDT had a higher 5 year risk of MACE, even among those achieving remission of type 2 diabetes. This may be related to lower use of statins and RASi.

Graphical Abstract
Supraspinal neuroinflammation and anxio-depressive-like behaviors in young- and older- adult mice with osteoarthritis pain: the effect of morphine
Authors: Amodeo Giada , Franchi Silvia , D’Agnelli Simona , Galimberti Giulia , Baciarello Marco , Bignami Elena Giovanna , Sacerdote Paola 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Rationale
Asteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of chronic pain in the elderly population and is often associated with emotional comorbidities such as anxiety and depression. Despite age is a risk factor for both OA and mood disorders, preclinical studies are mainly conducted in young adult animals.

Objectives
Here, using young adult (11-week-old) and older adult (20-month-old) mice, we evaluate in a monosodium-iodoacetate-(MIA)-induced OA model the development of anxio-depressive-like behaviors and whether brain neuroinflammation may underlie the observed changes. We also test whether an effective pain treatment may prevent behavioral and biochemical alterations.

Methods
Mechanical allodynia was monitored throughout the experimental protocol, while at the end of protocol (14 days), anxio-depressive-like behaviors and cognitive dysfunction were assessed. Neuroinflammatory condition was evaluated in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus. Serum IFNγ levels were also measured. Moreover, we test the efficacy of a 1-week treatment with morphine (2.5 mg/kg) on pain, mood alterations and neuroinflammation.

Results
We observed that young adult and older adult controls (CTRs) mice had comparable allodynic thresholds and developed similar allodynia after MIA injection. Older adult CTRs were characterized by altered behavior in the tests used to assess the presence of depression and cognitive impairment and by elevated neuroinflammatory markers in brain areas compared to younger ones. The presence of pain induced depressive-like behavior and neuroinflammation in adult young mice, anxiety-like behavior in both age groups and worsened neuroinflammation in older adult mice. Morphine treatment counteracted pain, anxio-depressive behaviors and neuroinflammatory activation in both young adult and older adult mice.

Conclusions
Here, we demonstrated that the presence of chronic pain in young adult mice induces mood alterations and supraspinal biochemical changes and aggravates the alterations already evident in older adult animals. A treatment with morphine, counteracting the pain, prevents the development of anxio-depressive disorders and reduces neuroinflammation.
Analyte and matrix method extension of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in food and feed
Authors: Genualdi Susan , Young Wendy , Peprah Elsie , Srigley Cynthia , Fisher Christine M. , Ng Brian , deJager Lowri 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe development and expansion of analytical methods for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in food are essential for the continued monitoring of the United States (US) food supply and assessments of dietary exposure. In March 2022, the European Union Reference Laboratory for Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants in Feed and Food (EURL POPs) released a guidance document covering priority PFAS of interest, including analytical method parameters and limits of quantification (LOQs). As a result, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) began method extension work to incorporate ten new additional analytes to method C-010.02 including long-chain perfluorosulfonic acids, fluorotelomer sulfonates, and perfluorooctane sulfonamide. Four long-chain carboxylic acids were also validated across all foods, which were previously added to C-010.02 but only validated in seafood. In December 2022, the European Union published Commission Regulation 2022/2388, establishing maximum levels for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) in certain foodstuffs, primarily fish, molluscs, crustaceans, and eggs. As a result, the FDA method was evaluated for performance in reaching LOQs defined in Commission Regulation (EU) 2022/1431. The FDA method was found to be able to reach all required LOQs for analytes in matrices with established maximum levels. Currently, method detection limits (MDLs), which are used by the FDA as the lower limit for reporting PFAS in surveillance samples, were in the same range as defined indicative levels. With further method modifications, required LOQs could be met in fruits, vegetables, and milk. Reaching the lower targeted LOQs for these food matrices will require moving the method to an instrument that can provide increased signal:noise gains at the lower limits of quantification.
Graphical abstract
Psychophysiological stress influences temporal accuracy
Authors: Cellini Nicola , Grondin Simon , Stablum Franca , Sarlo Michela , Mioni Giovanna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDistortions of duration perception are often observed in response to highly arousing stimuli, but the exact mechanisms that evoke these variations are still under debate. Here, we investigate the effect of induced physiological arousal on time perception. Thirty-eight university students (22.89 ± 2.5; 28 females) were tested with spontaneous finger-tapping tasks and a time bisection task (with stimuli between 300 and 900 ms). Before the time bisection task, half of the participants (STRESS group) performed a stress-inducing task, i.e., the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), whereas the other participants (CONTROL group) performed a control task, the Paced Auditory Number Reading Task (PANRAT). The PASAT induced a greater heart rate, but not electrodermal, increase, as well as a more unpleasant and arousing state compared to the PANRAT. Moreover, although the two groups presented a similar performance at the finger-tapping tasks, participants in the STRESS group showed better temporal performance at the time bisection task (i.e., lower constant error) than the controls. These results indicate that psychophysiological stress may alter the subsequent perception of time.
Morphological variations of the brachial artery and their clinical significance: a systematic review
Authors: Glin Marcin , Zielinska Nicol , Ruzik Kacper , Karauda Piotr , Konschake Marko , Olewnik Łukasz 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Morphological variations of the brachial artery are quite commonly discovered in routine dissection and have been the subject of many studies. However, there is a need for a clear classification. This work presents morphological variations of the brachial artery, based on numerous case reports and studies created for the appropriate classification and interpretation among surgeons and radiologists. It also discusses the most important clinical aspects of the given varieties.

Methods
The research method is based on the combined interpretation of the researches based on numerous publications concerning both the principles of correctly classifying the described morphological variations of the brachial artery and the resulting clinical implications. This work considers atypical variations such as the presence of the superficial brachial artery, brachoradial artery, accessory brachial artery and absence of the brachial artery. Variations of the brachial artery in relation to the external and internal diameter of the vessel have also been discussed.

Results
After conducting a complex analysis of the collected data, the fundamental principles for classifying such variability as superficial brachial artery, brachioradial artery and accessory brachial artery were defined. Additionally, clinical implications resulting from the above like the impact of the superficial brachial artery on the median nerve neuropathy and the positive correlation between the brachioradial artery and increased danger of incorrect transradial catheterization were demonstrated.

Conclusions
The clinical implications of the atypical arterial pattern within the upper limb are crucial during the angiography and surgical procedures so the variations affect the appropriate diagnosis and surgical intervention. Hence, the knowledge about the morphological variations of the brachial artery should be constantly broadened by radiologists and surgeons to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of the treatment process.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for exact closures of epidemic equations on configuration model networks
Authors: Kiss István Z. , Kenah Eben , Rempała Grzegorz A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe prove that it is possible to obtain the exact closure of SIR pairwise epidemic equations on a configuration model network if and only if the degree distribution follows a Poisson, binomial, or negative binomial distribution. The proof relies on establishing the equivalence, for these specific degree distributions, between the closed pairwise model and a dynamical survival analysis (DSA) model that was previously shown to be exact. Specifically, we demonstrate that the DSA model is equivalent to the well-known edge-based Volz model. Using this result, we also provide reductions of the closed pairwise and Volz models to a single equation that involves only susceptibles. This equation has a useful statistical interpretation in terms of times to infection. We provide some numerical examples to illustrate our results.
High-speed volumetric particle tracking measurements of unstable helical vortex pairs
Authors: Schröder Dominic , Leweke Thomas , Stumpf Eike 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe present results from an experimental study investigating pairs of helical vortices generated by a one-bladed rotor in hovering conditions. Time-resolved volumetric Lagrangian particle tracking measurements are conducted in a water tunnel to analyze the three-dimensional development of the vortex system. The vortex pairs are generated by a specific tip design, which allows splitting the single tip vortex into two vortices, whose characteristics depend on the geometric fin parameters. The objective of this procedure is the modification of the tip vortex structure, in order to minimize negative effects caused by fluid–structure interactions in applications involving rotors. Certain vortex configurations are affected by centrifugal instabilities, which result in an immediate pronounced growth of the vortex cores. As a consequence of the instability, secondary vortex structures are formed between the unstable cores. The presence of these structures results in an accelerated break-up of the cores, causing them to merge. In order to investigate the influence of the trailing vorticity layer shed from the inner part of the blade, two blade designs with different radial circulation distributions are considered. The measurements are able to track the evolution of the vorticity layer and the secondary structures, providing new insights into the instability of closely spaced vortex pairs with varying circulation ratios.
Application of prolonged submental perforator flap to repair the postoperative defect of upper airway malignancy
Authors: Ma Hongzhi , Zhong Qi , Hou Lizhen , Feng Ling , He Shizhi , Lian Meng , Zhao Yanming , Wang Ru , Fang Jugao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To explore the feasibility of making a submental perforator flap distal to the connecting line between the mastoid and the sternoclavicular joint under the guidance of neck-enhanced CT and repairing the postoperative defect of upper airway malignancy.

Materials and methods
This study retrospectively analysed 19 cases of upper airway malignant tumours treated in our department from January 2021 to September 2022, including 17 males and 2 females, aged 43–70 years.

Site of lesions
15 cases were in the laryngopharynx, 2 cases in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus and 2 cases on the soft palate. All the lesions were malignant and at stages T2–4N0–2M0.

Surgical method
The extended submental perforator flap (size 22–15 × 6–7 cm) was prefabricated distal to the connecting line between the mastoid and the sternoclavicular joint. After tumour resection, the flap was used to repair the postoperative defect. Fifteen cases of laryngopharyngeal malignant tumours were repaired using the extended submental perforator flap with the vascular pedicle located on the opposite side of the tumour body. Two cases of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus tumours were repaired using the extended submental perforator flap combined with the temporalis muscle flap. The soft palate was completely removed in two patients with soft palate cancer and repaired using the folded extended submental perforator flap.

Results
Before the surgery, the reflux vein was observed by neck-enhanced CT, including 12 cases returning to the internal jugular vein and 7 cases to the external jugular vein. All 19 cases in which flaps were used survived, and 1 case had a postoperative infection. All the patients had nasal feeding removed after surgery. The tracheal cannula was removed from the patients with laryngeal preservation, and the pronunciation was satisfactory. Among them, patients with soft palate cancer repair had mild nasal reflux symptoms with smooth breathing. During the follow-up period of 4–24 months, 18 patients had no tumour recurrence or metastasis, and 1 patient had cervical lymph node metastasis.

Conclusions
This study highlights the use of a submental perforator flap distal to the connecting line between the mastoid and the sternoclavicular joint to repair postoperative defects for upper airway malignancy as an innovative surgical approach that provides more tissue and good arteriovenous blood supply to adjacent sites. This method has high clinical value and provides an effective option for repairing postoperative defects of upper airway malignancy.