bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The synbiotic mixture of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans protects intestinal barrier dysfunction and apoptosis in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Zheng Weijiang , Zhao Zuyan , Yang Yunnan , Ding Liren , Yao Wen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Lactulose as an effective prebiotic protects intestinal mucosal injury. Bacillus coagulans is widely used in feed additives because of its ability to promote intestinal health. Our previous study suggests that the combination of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans may be a good candidate as alternative for antibiotic growth promoters. However, the in vivo effects of lactulose and Bacilluscoagulans on growth and intestinal health under immune challenge in piglets remains unclear. The objective of this study is to explore the protective effects of synbiotic containing lactulose and Bacillus coagulans on the intestinal mucosal injury and barrier dysfunction under immune challenge in weaned piglets.

Methods
Twenty four weaned piglets were assigned to 4 groups. Piglets in the CON-saline and LPS-LPS group were fed the basal diet, while others were fed either with chlortetracycline (CTC) or synbiotic mixture of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans for 32 d before injection of saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Piglets were sacrificed 4 h after LPS injection to collect samples to determine intestinal morphology, integrity and barrier functions as well as relative genes and proteins.

Results
Our data showed that no differences were observed in the growth performance of the four test groups. LPS injection induced higher serum diamine oxidase activities, D-lactic acid levels, and endotoxin status, lower villus height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth, greater mRNA and lower protein expression related tight junction in both jejunum and ileum. In addition, a higher apoptosis index, and protein expression of Bax and caspase-3 were also observed in the LPS challenge group. Interestingly, dietary synbiotic mixture with lactulose and Bacillus coagulans protected against LPS-induced intestinal damage, barrier dysfunction and higher apoptosis as well as CTC.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that dietary supplementation of synbiotic mixture with lactulose and Bacillus coagulans showed resilience to LPS-induced intestinal morphological damage, barrier dysfunction and aggressive apoptosis in piglets as well as the protective effects of CTC. These results indicate that synbiotic mixture of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans showed beneficial effects on performance and resilience to acute immune stress in weaned piglets.
Reduced anticoagulation strategy is associated with a lower incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage in COVID-19 patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Hofmaenner Daniel A. , Furfaro David , Wild Lennart C. , Wendel-Garcia Pedro David , Baedorf Kassis Elias , Pannu Ameeka , Welte Tobias , Erlebach Rolf , Stahl Klaus , Grandin Edward Wilson , Putensen Christian , Schuepbach Reto A. , Shaefi Shahzad , David Sascha , Seeliger Benjamin , Bode Christian ,   for the BonHanZA study group
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Optimal anticoagulation strategies for COVID-19 patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) remain uncertain. A higher incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) during VV ECMO support compared to non-COVID-19 viral ARDS patients has been reported, with increased bleeding rates in COVID-19 attributed to both intensified anticoagulation and a disease-specific endotheliopathy. We hypothesized that lower intensity of anticoagulation during VV ECMO would be associated with a lower risk of ICH. In a retrospective, multicenter study from three academic tertiary intensive care units, we included patients with confirmed COVID-19 ARDS requiring VV ECMO support from March 2020 to January 2022. Patients were grouped by anticoagulation exposure into higher intensity, targeting anti-factor Xa activity (anti-Xa) of 0.3–0.4 U/mL, versus lower intensity, targeting anti-Xa 0.15–0.3 U/mL, cohorts. Mean daily doses of unfractionated heparin (UFH) per kg bodyweight and effectively measured daily anti-factor Xa activities were compared between the groups over the first 7 days on ECMO support. The primary outcome was the rate of ICH during VV ECMO support.

Results
141 critically ill COVID-19 patients were included in the study. Patients with lower anticoagulation targets had consistently lower anti-Xa activity values over the first 7 ECMO days (p < 0.001). ICH incidence was lower in patients in the lower anti-Xa group: 4 (8%) vs 32 (34%) events. Accounting for death as a competing event, the adjusted subhazard ratio for the occurrence of ICH was 0.295 (97.5% CI 0.1–0.9, p = 0.044) for the lower anti-Xa compared to the higher anti-Xa group. 90-day ICU survival was higher in patients in the lower anti-Xa group, and ICH was the strongest risk factor associated with mortality (odds ratio [OR] 6.8 [CI 2.1–22.1], p = 0.001).

Conclusions
For COVID-19 patients on VV ECMO support anticoagulated with heparin, a lower anticoagulation target was associated with a significant reduction in ICH incidence and increased survival.
Barriers and beliefs: a comparative case study of how university educators understand the datafication of higher education systems
Authors: Stewart Bonnie , Miklas Erica , Szcyrek Samantha , Le Thu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, higher education institutions around the world have come to depend on complex digital infrastructures. In addition to registration, financial, and other operations platforms, digital classroom tools with built-in learning analytics capacities underpin many course delivery options. Taken together, these intersecting digital systems collect vast amounts of data from students, staff, and faculty. Educators’ work environments—and knowledge about their work environments—have been shifted by this rise in pervasive datafication. In this paper, we overview the ways faculty in a variety of institutional status positions and geographic locales understand this shift and make sense of the datafied infrastructures of their institutions. We present findings from a comparative case study (CCS) of university educators in six countries, examining participants’ knowledge, practices, experiences, and perspectives in relation to datafication, while tracing patterns across contexts. We draw on individual, systemic, and historical axes of comparison to demonstrate that in spite of structural barriers to educator data literacy, professionals teaching in higher education do have strong and informed ethical and pedagogical perspectives on datafication that warrant greater attention. Our study suggests a distinction between the understandings educators have of data processes, or technical specifics of datafication on campuses, and their understanding of big picture data paradigms and ethical implications. Educators were found to be far more knowledgeable and comfortable in paradigm discussions than they were in process ones, partly due to structural barriers that limit their involvement at the process level.Graphical Abstract
Influence of temperature on the toxicity and stability of insecticide resistance against Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Ismail Seham Mansour 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Spodoptera littoralis Boisad. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest causing significant losses to agricultural crops worldwide. Management practices for this insect pest rely on insecticides applications throughout the entire season over wide ranging temperature. However, studies involving the development of resistance in S. littoralis against these insecticides at different temperatures are limited.

Methods
Using leaf-dipping bioassay technique, the effect of temperature (range, 15–30 °C) on the toxicity of spinosad, lambda-cyhalothrin and methomyl, and resistance development was evaluated in larvae S. littoralis.

Results
Spinosad, lambda-cyhalothrin and methomyl exhibited increased toxicity with increasing temperature from 15 to 30 °C. The results indicated a successive decrease in insecticide resistance at the temperatures of 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C from 1st to 12th generations of S. littoralis to spinosad, lambda-cyhalothrin and methomyl.

Conclusions
This study suggests that spinosad, lambda-cyhalothrin, and methomyl can be included in the management of S. littoralis.
The Relationship Between Choice and Injuries of People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Friedman Carli 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
People with IDD are often denied choices based on concerns for their safety, including to prevent and reduce injuries. This study examined the relationship between the service-related choices of people with IDD and their injuries. In this cross-sectional analysis, we analyzed secondary Personal Outcome Measures® interview data and injury data from 251 people with IDD. Our findings revealed, controlling for all demographics, for every one-unit increase in service-related choice outcomes present, there was a 35% decrease in injuries. Expanding people with IDD's choice-making opportunities may result in fewer injuries. We must move beyond custodial models of care and ensure people with IDD are supported to live the lives of their choosing.
The Direct Support Workforce: An Examination of Direct Support Professionals and Frontline Supervisors During COVID-19
Authors: Pettingell Sandra L. , Bershadsky Julie , Anderson Lynda Lahti , Hewitt Amy , Reagan John , Zhang Alicia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Direct support professionals (DSPs) and frontline supervisors (FLSs) have critical roles in home and community-based services for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Low wages and high levels of responsibility created a long-term crisis in recruitment and retention and are exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. A national sample of DSPs and FLSs were compared on demographics and work-related circumstances using data from the third Direct Support Workforce COVID-19 Survey. Significant differences were found in demographics, hours worked, wages, wage augmentations, and quality of work-life. Policy recommendations to address the worsening workforce crisis are provided.
Financial Planning Among Parents of Children With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Agarwal Rumi , Heron Laura M. , Burke Shanna L. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Families of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) experience significant financial hardship, which could improve through financial planning and utilization of accounts such as the Achieving a Better Life Experience (ABLE). Unfortunately, current rates of banking are low among individuals with disabilities, and no study has examined this phenomenon specifically among families of children with IDD. In this cross-sectional study, 176 parents shared their financial planning and utilization experience. Findings indicate that parents worry about their child's financial future, however, paradoxically, are not engaging in financial planning. Utilization of ABLE, checking and savings accounts, and special needs trusts are also low. Parents reported several programmatic and personal barriers which could inform immediate programmatic changes and long-term policy considerations.
Factors Influencing Parents' Decisions to Create a Business for Their Adult Child With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Malouf Emily T. , Dymond Stacy K. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Obtaining and maintaining work can be a challenge for many people with intellectual disability (ID) and parents can play an integral role in supporting their child to secure employment. The purpose of this qualitative research study was to understand factors that influence parents' decisions to create a business for their adult child with ID. Nine parents were identified through purposeful and snowball sampling. Parents participated in individual interviews and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Our findings suggest that school experiences, expectations for work, presence of specialized support, and encouragement and suggestions from others influenced parents' decisions to create a business. In light of the findings, we discuss how parents' previous experiences and responsiveness influenced the creation of the business.
Recent advances of drugs monitoring in oral fluid and comparison with blood
Authors: Casati Sara , Binda Maddalena , Dongiovanni Paola , Meroni Marica , D’Amato Alfonsina , Roda Gabriella , Orioli Marica , Del Fabbro Massimo , Tartaglia Gianluca M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The use of alternative matrices in toxicological analyses has been on the rise in clinical and forensic settings. Oral fluid (OF), as non-invasive fluid, has attracted attention in the field of drug screening, both for therapeutic and forensic purposes, as well as for medical diagnosis, clinical management, on-site (real time) doping and for monitoring environmental exposure to toxic substances. A good correlation between OF and blood is now established for drug concentrations. Therefore, OF might be a potential substitute of blood, especially for long-term surveillance (e.g., therapeutic drugs) or to screen a large number of patients, as well as for the development of salivary point-of-care technologies. In this review, we aimed to summarize and critically evaluate the current literature that focused on the comparison of drugs detection in OF and blood specimens.
The Clinical, Laboratory and Imaging Tests in Diagnosing Acute Appendicitis in Children: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary University Hospital in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Ghadimi Mahani Fariba , Alimadadi Hossein , Memarian Sara , Gharib Behdad 
Published: June 2023

Background: Acute Appendicitis (AA) is a common cause of emergency room visits among children. Non-specific symptoms of appendicitis may pose a major challenge. Due to the lack of access to imaging modalities in all facilities and its high cost, the evaluation of clinical symptoms and examination results is important in diagnosing acute appendicitis.
Methods: This study is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Patients admitted to our emergency department and were suspected of having acute appendicitis by pediatric residents, and underwent an appendectomy during 2013-2018 were included. A checklist of the patients’ clinical signs and symptoms, and laboratory results and imaging findings completed from the records of these patients.
Results: We reviewed the files of 300 patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis and having an appendectomy. Leukocytosis was found in 248 (82.7%), neutrophilia in 240 (80%) and CRP level equal or above 12 mg/L was observed in 107 (35.7%) patients. Ultrasound was performed in 283 patients (94.33%); of which 228 (80.56%) were reported as acute appendicitis. Abdominal CT scan was performed in 19 patients (6.33%); of which acute appendicitis was reported in 17 patients (89.47%).
Conclusion: The results of this research showed that RLQ tenderness, and nausea/vomiting are the most common signs and symptoms, and leukocytosis is the most common laboratory finding in children with acute appendicitis. It can be suggested that relying just on the clinical presentation of AA (RLQ tenderness, fever, nausea/vomiting, anorexia and leukocytosis), can lead to the correct diagnosis of 78% of the suspected patients.
Comparison of Virtual and Actual Education Models on the Learning of Internal Interns during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mottaghi Azadeh , Alibeik Nazanin , Abolmaali Meysam , Savaj Shokoufeh , Shakiba Behnam , Alimoradzadeh Raheleh , Basharkhah Soheil , Bozorgmehr Ramin , Soltani Arabshahi Kamran , Rahimian Neda 
Published: June 2023

Background: Following the outbreak of coronavirus and its impact on the educational process of medical students, attention was paid to e-learning due to the importance of education and research. The aim of the present study is an evaluation of virtual and actual education models on the learning of internal interns during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: The present study is a trial that was performed on 112 internal interns of hospitals from January to December 2020. Each participant was randomly assigned to one of the actual or virtual educational model groups with personal consent. Educational method was case-based discussion in both groups. The learning outcomes of the interns of these two groups were compared in 9 areas with 95% confidence level and 5% random error. Data about age, sex, type of residence (home or dormitory), pre-internship score (≤150 or >150) and entrance exam rank (≤300 or >300) were collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 20.
Results: The mean ±SD age of the participants was 24.9±2.3 years, 46% of participants were men and 54% of them lived in dormitories. The results of the study show that the difference in pre-test and post-test scores with actual and virtual education models in the male and female is significantly different (p-value=0.020). Virtual education for men and actual education for women have resulted in higher difference scores in pre-test and post-test. Actual and virtual education models were not different in academic achievements of the participants. Thus, the scores obtained in 9 areas did not make a significant difference between the two types of educational models.
Conclusion: The comparison of virtual and actual education demonstrated that there is no significant difference between these two methods in student output. Given the conditions that have been created by COVID-19 in the world, it seems that the use of virtual education can be a good alternative to educating medical students so that education does not stop.
Organizational Professionalism and Self-Assessment: Realization of a Necessity
Authors: Mashayekhi Jannat , Biroudian Saeed , Saeedi Tehrani Saeedeh 
Published: June 2023

Background: The recent rapid developments in medical science and technologies have brought about powerful medical tools; however, the professional commitment has failed to keep pace. Professionals’ reluctance or failure to practice professional behavior has significantly challenged society’s trust in professionalism. Consistent assessment of the profession, at least through measuring the capabilities and encouraging the elimination of shortcomings, can serve as an effective tool to preserve or restore this trust. Numerous assessment methods are recommended to measure the level of professionalism among the members of the medical society. Sometimes, professionalism is defined using shared values and sometimes various lists of professional behaviors are suggested. However, no comprehensive definition has been proposed for professionalism. Professionalism is normally individual. This study sought to provide a comprehensive definition of professionalism and accordingly explains organizational professionalism. In addition, it tried to define profession assessment through a non-systematic review of online resources using Web of Science, Science Direct, and PubMed databases. Professionalism is a belief system or a driving force to create these lists to improve healthcare, according to which professionalism requires collective action. The philosophy underlying the common standards of physicians regarding the patient-physician relationship confirms the importance of teamwork and organizational professionalism. Following professional autonomy, assessment of the members of a profession is carried out via self-assessment. Meanwhile, the continuation of the self-assessment system entails patients’ trust in their physician and society’s trust in the profession of medicine. Furthermore, the medical profession should operate with more transparency, thus the society can feel that the self-assessment is really effective. Thus, constant and dynamic self-assessment is started with the physicians and expanded through the clinical team. The profession should administer systematic professionalism in all dimensions of the health system. In addition, it should guard its self-assessment privileges obtained from society and seek the assistance of ordinary individuals in society, patients, and experts in fulfilling this task.
Pengembangan Kecakapan Digital pada Guru di TK dan SD Budya Wacana Yogyakarta
Authors: Perbawaningsih Yudi , Lewi Olivia , Puspita Jati Birgitta 
Published: June 2023

Kita saat ini sedang berada di era Industri 4.0 yang ditandai dengan perkembangan pesat teknologi berbasis digital, termasuk teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK), baik dari sisi inovasi teknologi dan pemanfaatannya di berbagai sisi kehidupan. Namun demikian, Inovasi TIK juga membawa konsekuensi sosial yang negatif bagi kesejahteraan dan martabat manusia. Hal ini lebih banyak diakibatkan oleh ketidaksiapan secara pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku. Oleh sebab itu, masyarakat tidak hanya perlu mengetahui cara penggunaan TIK, tetapi juga memiliki pengetahuan dan sikap serta perilaku terhadap TIK yang dapat membangun kesejahteraan dan martabat manusia. Dengan asumsi bahwa guru adalah ujung tombak edukasi masyarakat, maka guru menjadi target utama untuk ditingkatkan literasi digitalnya. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pembentukan sikap tentang penggunaan TIK berbasis digital terutama dalam konteks bermedia digital pada para guru. Kegiatan ini berlangsung selama 3 hari berturut-turut, diturunkan dalam 7 sesi, dengan rerata durasi adalah 100 menit. Pengusul kegiatan ini adalah 3 orang dengan menghadirkan 3 narasumber yang lain. Target edukasi ini adalah guru SD dan TK Budya Wacana Yogyakarta, yang memiliki perhatian pada menyiapkan peserta didik untuk beradaptasi secara cepat dan tepat dengan teknologi digital secara aman dan arif.
Policy Advisory Systems in Times of Crisis: A Case Study of Slovak Advisory Committees during Covid-19
Authors: Hudec Róbert Martin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper aims to fill a gap in the understanding of policy advisory systems (PAS) during the Covid‐19 crisis. As governments rely on PAS in uncertain times of crisis, the state of PAS directly impacts the quality of policymaking. This paper studies the changes within Slovak Advisory committees (AC) at the executive level concerning the changes of government during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Slovakia had relatively good results in the first wave of the pandemic but did not utilize any ofthat experience in the second wave, where deadly infection and death rates were higher. The case of Slovak ACs demonstrates a shift towards a more politicized PAS – the new committees, established by the prime minister, were meeting at the expense of already functioning committees at the beginning of the crisis, and their expertise was more political in character.