bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalized Fiducial Inference for the GEV Distribution
Authors: Qiao Yaru , Cai Xia , Li Shanshan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper considers parameter estimation and quantile estimation for the generalized extreme value distribution. When the shape parameter is less than -0.5, the frequentist method does not have the standard asymptotic properties and the confidence intervals are invalid. Meanwhile, the Bayesian method relies on the prior, so a robust and efficient method is needed. In this paper, generalized fiducial inference is used to construct the fiducial distributions of the parameters of interest. Then the generalized fiducial estimates and confidence intervals of the parameters are derived. The proposed method is compared with the frequentist method and the Bayesian approach. The simulation results show that the proposed generalize fiducial method is more suitable for parameter estimation and quantile estimation, especially when the shape parameter is less than -0.5. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a real example to illustrate the estimation procedure.
Development of a novel protocol for the production of doubled haploids in Hot Pepper
Authors: Misal Sachin , Das Arunava 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Hot pepper ranks seventh among the most produced vegetables in the world. This crop is famous for its color and pungency. Hot pepper contains many important phytonutrients that enable it to fight against cancer. Conventional breeding in Hot Pepper is labor-consuming and a long-term process. This can be overcome by using novel approaches, such as, in vitro doubled haploid plant production. This method not only accelerate breeding programs but also facilitates recovery of recessive mutations. There are many articles published on doubled haploid development in Capsicum annuum; it reports both anther culture and shed-microspore culture methods, but both these methods require either subculture of anthers or the addition of new media, which makes both protocols laborious. The present study aims to develop a single-step direct embryogenesis protocol to produce doubled haploids in Capsicum annuum. We analyzed effectiveness of microspore embryogenesis on ten Hot pepper genotypes with six media combinations. Among six, one media combination responded well to single-step direct embryogenesis with more than 20% plant regeneration frequency. We observed an average embryogenesis of 7.53% and plant regeneration frequency of 3.81%. We achieved a survival index of 97.61%. The results of these experiments show that, one-step direct embryogenesis can be achieved with unique combination of plant growth regulators.
Construction and characterization of microsatellite markers for the Schistosoma japonicum isolate from a hilly area of China based on whole genome sequencing
Authors: Sun Mengtao , Cheng Yuheng , Gao Changzhe , Peng Hanqi , Wang Ning , Gu Weiling , Lu Dabing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Schistosome japonicum had once caused the greatest disease burden in China, and has still been transmitted in some hilly areas, for example in Shitai of Anhui province, where rodents are projected to be the main reservoir. This may lead to a critical need of molecular tools with high efficiency in monitoring the dynamic of the rodent-associated S. japonicum, as an appropriate amount of schistosome input can re-establish its life cycle in a place with snails and then result in the re-emergence of schistosomiasis. We sampled the hilly schistosome isolate from Shitai of Anhui in China and sequenced the parasite with the next-generation sequencing technology. The whole genome was assembled with four different approaches. We then developed 71 microsatellite markers at a genome-wide scale throughout two best assembled genomes. Based on their chromosome mapping and the expected length of targeted sequences, we selected 24 markers for the development of multiplex reactions. Two multiplexes composed of 10 loci were finally developed, and their potential were revealed by their successful application on and capturing the genetic diversity of three schistosome populations. The selected 10 markers, each with clear chromosome location and characteristics, will be greatly useful in tracing the dispersal pathways or/and dynamics of the rodent-associated S. japonicum or others in the hilly area of China or elsewhere.
Calculating and investigating the trend of Inequality in the Distribution of Pharmacies across Iran using Gini coefficient and Lorenz Curve: a population based study
Authors: Hayati Hadi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Health systems always face financial resource constraints to achieve their goals, but on the other hand, the equitable distribution of these resources throughout the system is of paramount importance. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine equality in the distribution of pharmacies in all Iranian provinces.
Methods
This study is a retrospective examination of the trend of equality in the distribution of pharmacies throughout Iran over three five-year periods, using the Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve.
Results
The results of this study indicate that the Gini coefficient for the distribution of pharmacies in Iran has been decreasing over the past decade, indicating an improvement in equity in this area. Although the current level of the Gini coefficient is still not acceptable, it is showing a trend towards upgrading.
Conclusion
The Iranian Ministry of Health has implemented effective policies that have improved the distribution of pharmacies in Iranian provinces over the past decade. This improvement can serve as an example for other developing countries facing similar challenges in the distribution of health resources.
Deep-learning Based Egocentric Action Anticipation: A Survey
Authors: Wardle Richard , Rowlands Sareh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
As autonomous systems become more embedded into our environments, the ability of these systems to anticipate the future actions of humans will become invaluable for providing assistance and safety measures. Egocentric action anticipation is a task in which a future activity must be predicted using first-person footage. This project is a survey that aims to provide an updated view of advancements within this task, to guide architecture design for future implementations. This survey has chosen a range of publicly available egocentric action anticipation models. An analysis of the models revealed that this task's predictive architectures tend to fall into either a recurrent network or a transformer. The evaluation of the models on two datasets revealed that the transformer-based "Adaptive Video Transformer' and `Temporal Aggregation' generally outperformed all the recursive architectures in this survey. These results demonstrate that the attention-based architecture of the transformer is valuable within vision prediction tasks and that future design of predictive architecture should focus on using attention-based models.
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in children: An epidemiological study based on the German Resuscitation Registry identifying modifiable factors for return of spontaneous circulation
Authors: Katzenschlager Stephan , Kelpanides Inga K. , Ristau Patrick , Huck Matthias , Seewald Stephan , Brenner Sebastian , Hoffmann Florian , Wnent Jan , Kramer-Johansen Jo , Tjelmeland Ingvild B. M. , Weigand Markus A. , Gräsner Jan-Thorsten , Popp Erik 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Aim
This work provides an epidemiological overview of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in children in Germany between 2007 and 2021. We wanted to identify modifiable factors associated with survival.
Methods
Data from the German Resuscitation Registry (GRR) was used, and we included patients registered between 1st January 2007 and 31st December 2021. We included children aged > 7 days and < 18 years, where cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was started and treatment was continued by emergency medical services (EMS). Incidences and descriptive analyses are presented for the overall cohort and each age group. Multivariate binary logistic regression was performed on the whole cohort to determine the influence of (1) CPR with/without ventilation started by bystander, (2) OHCA witnessed status, and (3) nighttime on the outcome hospital admission with ROSC.
Results
OHCA in children aged < 1 year had the highest incidence per 100 000 inhabitants, with 23.42, accounting for 42.0% of all included cases. Overall, hypoxia was the leading presumed cause of OHCA; whereas trauma and drowning accounted for a high proportion in children aged > 1 year. Bystander-witnessed OHCA and bystander CPR rate were highest in children aged 1–4 years, with 43.9% and 62.3%, respectively. In reference to EMS-started CPR, bystander CPR with ventilation were associated with an increased odds ratio for ROSC at hospital admission after adjusting for age, sex, year of OHCA and location of OHCA.
Conclusion
This study provides an epidemiological overview of OHCA in children in Germany and identifies bystander CPR with ventilation as one primary factor for survival.
Trial registrations
German Clinical Trial Register: DRKS00030989, December 28th 2022.
Using Flammap to Assess Wildfire Behavior in Bohemian Switzerland National Park
Authors: Kudlackova Lucie , Podebradska Marketa , Blahova Monika , Cienciala Emil , Beranova Jana , McHugh Charles , Finney Mark , Novotny Jan , Zahradnicek Pavel , Stepanek Petr , Vebrova Dana , Mozny Martin , Surovy Petr , Zalud Zdenek , Trnka Miroslav 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The 2022 summer fire in Bohemian Switzerland National Park (BSNP) is ranked as the largest in the Czech Republic´s 30-year recorded history, with an affected area over 1000 ha. The FlamMap fire modeling system was used to investigate the fire behavior associated with the BSNP and to evaluate scenarios under a range of fuel types, fuel moistures, and weather conditions. We used the model to simulate fire conditions, propagation, and extent. We focused on matching the observed fire perimeter and on fire behavior characteristics. The fire took place in a region of BSNP that was heavily affected by the Spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) infestation; hence, most of the burned area was in dead spruce forest (Picea abies Karst.). The best FlamMap simulations of observed fire behavior and progression were compared with several created scenarios that differed in various input conditions. Scenarios included a fire in a healthy spruce forest, in clearcuts, or under different meteorological conditions. We were able to calibrate and use FlamMap to recreate a recent wildfire under observed conditions. We found that the fire would have likely spread to its observed final perimeter even if standing dead trees were removed. However, at lower fire intensity and with a considerably shorter duration. Alternatively, if healthy standing vegetation with a closed canopy had been present, the wildfire perimeter would have been approximately half. Similar results were obtained for both the nonnative spruce forest and the deciduous forest, which is a native alternative.
Determination of variability in financing and time using Chance-Constrained programming in Time Cost Tradeoff construction problems
Authors: tiwari Shntanu , Trivedi Manoj Kumar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The linear optimization methodology is applied to address the issue related to managing trade-offs between project duration and associated costs. While numerous models have been created for solving such problems, a limitation noted is that the majority of models are inclined towards scenarios where projects are restricted by a pre-defined deadline. However, this approach considers both the timeline for completing a particular project and its associated expenses in monetary terms. In this study, it is considered both time uncertainty and financing variability during the scheduling process, considering both the individual and combined effects. The chance-constrained programming (CCP) is utilized to estimate the coefficient of variation for financing feasibility at a desired confidence level and time uncertainty in models is factored in using probabilistic scheduling methods like PERT. This uncertainty can be evaluated by calculating CV at a specified confidence interval. An objective function and a set of constraints is an effective way to minimize direct costs. Excel Solver provides a powerful tool to help with this task. Four different scenarios are adopted to understand the impact of time uncertainty and financing feasibility.
Multi-head Attention Spatio-temporal Graph Neural Networks for traffic forecasting
Authors: Hu Xiuwei , Wu Zhiyong , Sun Yilong , Zheng Yunhui 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Accurate traffic prediction is crucial for an intelligent traffic system (ITS). However, the excessive non-linearity and complexity of the spatio-temporal correlation in traffic flow severely limit the prediction accuracy of most existing models, which simply stack temporal and spatial modules and fail to capture spatio-temporal features effectively. To improve the prediction accuracy, a multi-head attention spatio-temporal graph neural networks (MSTNet) is proposed in this paper. First, the traffic data is decomposed into unique time spans that conform to positive rules, and valuable traffic node attributes are mined through an adaptive graph structure. Second, time and spatial features are captured using a multi-head attention spatio-temporal module. Finally, a multi-step prediction module is used to achieve future traffic condition prediction. Numerical experiments were conducted on an open-source dataset, and the results demonstrate that MSTNet performs well in spatio-temporal feature extraction and achieves more positive forecasting results than the baseline methods.
Tunable Elliptical Torus Metamaterial Absorber for Light Absorption in the Optical Region
Authors: Isogun Toluwalase Adewale , Ni Hai Bin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We present a transparent single-band nanostructured metamaterial absorber (NMMA) for efficient absorption. The NMMA consists of an elliptical torus-shaped structure on a metallic sheet-backed dielectric substrate. Using COMSOL Multiphysics, we investigated the electromagnetic properties and performed simulations. The NMMA exhibits exceptional absorption stability, with over 98% absorption in the visible wavelength range. This stability is maintained for TE and TM polarization states at oblique incidence angles. The absorber offers tunability, with an absorption rate exceeding 97%. It demonstrates polarization insensitivity, even after structural modifications. Incorporating Gold and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) results in enhanced electrical conductivity and catalytic activity. The designed absorber holds promise for various operating spectra and potential applications in solar thermophotovoltaics, thermal emission, and optoelectronic devices. This study provides a comprehensive investigation into a tunable elliptical torus metamaterial absorber. Valuable insights are offered for solar energy conversion, thermal engineering, and optoelectronics. Further exploration can optimize the absorber's shape for specific spectral ranges, considering alternative materials.
Diagnosis of primary pancreatic lymphoma: percutaneous or ultrasound endoscopic biopsy?
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wen Hua , Du Zhaozhao , Fan Ling , Li Jie , Lu Ning , Cui Manli , Zhang Mingxin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: Primary pancreatic lymphoma (PPL) is a relatively rare pancreatic tumor in clinical practice. It lacks specificity in clinical presentation and imaging, and is easily confused with pancreatic cancer, leading to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment.The diagnosis is now usually confirmed clinically by obtaining tissue samples through percutaneous/endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided biopsy or exploratory dissection biopsy.
Case presentation: A 79-year-old female patient underwent two biopsies of pancreatic specimens. The first was an unconfirmed diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) under EUS guidance, and the second was an ultrasound-guided percutaneous aspiration biopsy that confirmed the diagnosis of PPL.
CONCLUSION: The decision regarding exactly which procedure to choose requires a combination of the patient's anatomy, the surgeon's expertise, and the results of a combination of factors in the field.
Quantitative Dynamic Contrast-Enhance MRI Parameters for Rectal Carcinoma Characterization: Correlation with Tumor Tissue Composition
Authors: Yuan Jie , Liu Kun , Zhang Yun , Yang Yuchan , Xu Huihui , Han Gang , Lyu Hua , Liu Mengxiao , Tan Wenli , Feng Zhen , Gong Hangjun , Zhan Songhua 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the relationship between dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements and the potential composition of rectal carcinoma.
Methods
Twenty-four patients provide informed consent for this study. DCE MRI was performed before total mesorectal excision. Quantitative parameters were calculated based on a modified Tofts model. Whole-mount immunohistochemistry and Masson staining sections were generated and digitized at histological resolution. The percentage of tissue components area was measured. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlations between pathological parameters and DCE MRI parameters.
Results
On the World Health Organization (WHO) grading scale, there were significant differences in extracellular extravascular space (Ktrans) (F = 9.890, P = 0.001), mean transit time (MTT) (F = 9.890, P = 0.038), CDX-2 (F = 4.935, P = 0.018) and Ki-67 (F = 4.131, P = 0.031) among G1, G2, and G3. ECV showed significant differences in extramural venous invasion (t=-2.113, P = 0.046). Ktrans was strongly positively correlated with CD34 (r = 0.708, P = 0.000) and moderately positively correlated with vimentin (r = 0.450, P = 0.027). Interstitial volume (Ve) was moderately positively correlated with Masson’s (r = 0.548, P = 0.006) and vimentin (r = 0.417, P = 0.043). There was a moderate negative correlation between Ve and CDX-2 (r=-0.441, P = 0.031). The rate constant from extracellular extravascular space to blood plasma (Kep) showed a strong positive correlation with CD34 expression (r = 0.622, P = 0.001). ECV showed a moderate negative correlation with CDX-2 (r=-0.472, P = 0.020) and a moderate positive correlation with collagen fibers (r = 0.558, P = 0.005).
Conclusion
The dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI-derived parameters measured in rectal cancer were significantly correlated with the proportion of histological components. This may serve as an optimal imaging biomarker to identify tumor tissue components.
Error Fields: Personalized robotic movement training that augments one's more likely mistakes
Authors: Aghamohammadi Naveed Reza , Bittmann Moria Fisher , Klamroth-Marganska Verena , Riener Robert , Huang Felix C. , Patton James L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Control of movement is learned and uses error feedback during practice to predict actions for the next movement. We have shown that augmenting error can enhance learning, but while such findings are encouraging the methods need to be refined to accommodate a person’s individual reactions to error. The current study evaluates error fields (EF) method, where the interactive robot tempers its augmentation when the error is less likely. 22 healthy participants were asked to learn moving with a visual transformation, and we enhanced the training with error fields. We found that training with error fields led to greatest reduction in error. EF training reduced error 264% more than controls who practiced without error fields, but subjects learned more slowly than our previous error magnification technique. We also found a relationship between the amount of learning and how much variability was induced by the error augmentation treatments, most likely leading to better exploration and discovery of the causes of error. These robotic training enhancements should be further explored in combination to optimally leverage error statistics to teach people how to move better.
Prevalence of COVID-19 vaccines among Damascus hospital nurses and evaluation of side effects
Authors: Juratli Asaad , Muhnna Youlian , Nahas Louay 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction: After the World Health Organization declared the end of the Covid 19 pandemic as a global emergency, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 continues to spread in several countries around the world, and in the absence of an effective treatment, the vaccine was the best hope to control this disease. the disease. Nurses participated in the front lines in the battle against COVID-19, in this study we seek to assess the spread of the vaccine and its side effects among the nurses of Damascus Hospital.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses at Al-Mujtahid Hospital in Damascus, using the appropriate sampling method. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. A self-administered and filled-out questionnaire distributed in paper form, which was used in previous studies. The study included 143 participants. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB), Faculty of Human Medicine, Syrian Private University.
Results: Out of 143 participants, 90% were females and 10% were males. With an average age of 29.7 years. 36.4% of the participants stated that they took the vaccine in its full program with two doses, 23.7% took the vaccine in its full program in its single dose only, and 39.9% did not receive the vaccine. High fever was the most prominent symptom, especially after receiving the first dose of the vaccine. Most of those who received the Sinopharm vaccine showed mild side effects, 27.8%, prominently compared to the rest of the types of vaccines. Most of those who received another vaccine (Pfizer, Moderna, Johnson, AstraZeneca, or combination among More than one type) greater side effects compared to the rest of the vaccines, namely Sputnik and Sinopharm.
Conclusion: This study revealed that almost all of the side effects that occurred were similar to those reported in the literature, indicating that almost all of the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines are known at this time. Most are not life threatening, with most cases being mild to moderate in severity and resolving within a few days. There were statistically significant relationships between the type of vaccine and the different side effects. More comprehensive studies must be conducted and others also to investigate the possible causes of each vaccine.