bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of tunable band gap carbon based zinc nanocomposites for enhanced capacitive behaviour
Authors: Dipti  , Phogat Peeyush , Shreya  , Kumari Deepa , Singh Sukhvir 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This manuscript highlights the tunable properties of carbon nanospheres by controlling the concentration of zinc nitrate in them. Zinc nitrate has converted the phase of carbon spheres, which has also altered the optical, structural and electrochemical properties of carbon nanospheres by forming nanocomposites. Carbon nanospheres and their nanocomposites have been synthesized by using a two-step hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction analysis of the as synthesized material revealed the formation of carbon spheres and their nanocomposites. It is also observed that the crystallinity of the as synthesized material increases as the concentration of Zn(NO3)2.6H2O increases. UV- visible measurements revealed a blue shift in the as-synthesized samples. With the increase in the concentration of zinc, the band gap was also found to increase from 0.6 eV to 4.7 eV. The morphological and microstructural analysis of the as-synthesized samples showed the formation of nanospheres for as-synthesized carbon, and nano flakes for carbon nanocomposites. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) measurement provided the information about the molecular structure and vibrational bands present in the samples. Electrochemical analysis of the thin film revealed the capacitive behaviour of the material. The aerial capacitance and Nyquist plot represents the capacitive properties of the material. The present study on carbon nanospheres and their nanocomposites showed that the material is a potential candidate for the application in capacitors, supercapacitors and energy storage devices.
The computational study of crack growth process in defected polymethyl methacrylate/hydroxyapatite composite beam: peridynamic simulation
Authors: Akhlaghi-Fard Soheil , Safari Keivan Hosseini , Mashhadi Mahmoud Mousavi , Kheirikhah Mohammad Mahdi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The presence of cracks in structural materials can be attributed to a wide array of factors. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the underlying influences on crack formation in solid structures holds significant implications for the development of efficient industrial equipment. In the present computational investigation, we employ the peridynamic method to characterize the crack growth process in polymethyl methacrylate/hydroxyapatite beams. This particle-based simulation encompasses two fundamental steps. Initially, a modeled composite is brought to equilibrium under standard conditions, followed by an in-depth analysis of the crack growth phenomenon after subjecting the target structure to impact tests at three distinct velocities. The present investigation aims to quantitatively assess a range of physical parameters, such as crack length, repulsive force, relative bond length, potential energy, and damage criterion, to provide a comprehensive characterization of the crack growth process in polymethyl methacrylate/hydroxyapatite-based samples. The computational tool utilized for conducting the peridynamic simulations is the Large Scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS). The findings from the peridynamic analysis demonstrate a clear association between the ratio of hydroxyapatite and the resulting crack length in the sample, which consequently leads to heightened brittleness and a decrease in mechanical strength. The crack length ratio reaches a measurement of 9.09 mm when the beam under consideration contains 15% hydroxyapatite. The observed behavior can be ascribed to a reduction in the attractive forces acting between the constituent particles present in the sample. The numerical findings derived from this investigation possess significant implications for the development of mechanically robust composites in practical contexts.
An IMAS-integrated workflow for energetic particle stability
Authors: Popa V.-A. , Lauber Ph. , Hayward-Schneider T. , Schneider M. , Hoenen O. , Pinches S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The confinement of energetic particles (EPs) generated by fusion reactions and external heating methods is crucial for the performance of future fusion devices. However, EP transport can occur due to their interaction with electromagnetic perturbations, affecting heating efficiency and overall performance. Robust reduced models are needed to analyze stability and transport. This paper presents an automated IMAS-based workflow for analyzing the time-dependent stability of EP-driven modes, focusing on the linear properties of Toroidal Alfvén Eigenmodes (TAEs) in general tokamak geometry. The workflow utilizes efficient computational methods and reduced models to deliver fast and reproducible results. A demonstration of the workflow’s effectiveness was performed, identifying key linear properties of TAEs in various simulated ITER scenarios. This approach represents a critical step toward developing tools for analyzing EP transport and optimizing the performance of future fusion reactors.
First results of Ne shattered pellet injection for mitigating plasma disruption with full metal wall in EAST tokamak
Authors: Yuan J.S. , Zuo G.Z. , Zhao S.B. , Li L. , Zhuang H.D. , Zeng L. , Mao S.T. , Duan Y.M. , Chen D.L. , Xu L.Q. , Hou J.L. , Huang M. , Chen Y. , Hu J.S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Disruption mitigation poses a significant and unresolved challenge for ITER and future fusion reactor devices. To mitigate the effect of plasma disruption, a Shattered Pellet Injection (SPI) system has been developed and the first rapid shutdown experiments have been successfully performed in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak with full metal wall. The experiments confirmed the system’s capability to inject 5 mm diameter neon (Ne) pellets at velocities ranging from 100 to 400 m s−1, with a maximum injected quantity of 13.2 Pa m3. Compared to unmitigated disruptions, the total radiation power was significantly higher with the respective use of SPI and Massive Gas Injection (MGI). Additionally, the radiation distribution and divertor heat flux were compared between SPI and MGI methods. The results demonstrated that SPI exhibited shorter cooling time, stronger core radiation and more uniform poloidal radiation distribution compared to MGI, indicating deeper deposition using SPI. Furthermore, during plasma shutdown, the electron temperature and peak heat flux near outer divertor strike points were reduced by 40% and 50% respectively, with SPI, in comparison to MGI. These findings serve as a valuable reference for implementing SPI technology as the baseline approach for disruption mitigation in ITER.
Nano-based formulations of curcumin: elucidating the potential benefits and future prospects in skin cancer
Authors: Ratan Chameli , Arian Arya Mangalath , Rajendran Rajalakshmi , Jayakumar Rangasamy , Masson Mar , Mangalathillam Sabitha 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Skin cancer refers to any malignant lesions that occur in the skin and are observed predominantly in populations of European descent. Conventional treatment modalities such as excision biopsy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, electrodesiccation, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) induce several unintended side effects which affect a patient’s quality of life and physical well-being. Therefore, spice-derived nutraceuticals like curcumin, which are well tolerated, less expensive, and relatively safe, have been considered a promising agent for skin cancer treatment. Curcumin, a chemical constituent extracted from the Indian spice, turmeric, and its analogues has been used in various mammalian cancers including skin cancer. Curcumin has anti-neoplastic activity by triggering the process of apoptosis and preventing the multiplication and infiltration of the cancer cells by inhibiting some signaling pathways and thus subsequently preventing the process of carcinogenesis. Curcumin is also a photosensitizer and has been used in PDT. The major limitations associated with curcumin are poor bioavailability, instability, limited permeation into the skin, and lack of solubility in water. This will constrain the use of curcumin in clinical settings. Hence, developing a proper formulation that can ideally release curcumin to its targeted site is important. So, several nanoformulations based on curcumin have been established such as nanogels, nanoemulsions, nanofibers, nanopatterned films, nanoliposomes and nanoniosomes, nanodisks, and cyclodextrins. The present review mainly focuses on curcumin and its analogues as therapeutic agents for treating different types of skin cancers. The significance of using various nanoformulations as well non-nanoformulations loaded with curcumin as an effective treatment modality for skin cancer is also emphasized.
Kelvin waves from the equatorial Indian Ocean modulate the nonlinear internal waves in the Andaman Sea
Authors: Yang Yunchao , Huang Xiaodong , Zhao Wei , Zhou Chun , Zhang Zhiwei , Guan Shoude , Tian Jiwei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the equatorial Indian Ocean, strong westerly and easterly wind anomaly can drive eastward downwelling and upwelling Kelvin waves, respectively, which play an important role in determining the circulations and thermal structures near the equator. Kelvin waves can propagate into the Andaman Sea, a marginal sea located to the northeast of the Indian Ocean. In the Andaman Sea, nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) that are crucial in facilitating the mixing in the ocean interior and maintaining the ecosystem are found to be extremely active. Although both equatorial Kelvin waves and NLIWs have been well known in oceanography, the influence of equatorial Kelvin waves on NLIWs in the Andaman Sea remains unclear. In this study, based on long-term mooring measurements in the southern Andaman Sea, it is found that the NLIW amplitude shows remarkable intraseasonal and seasonal variances, and these variances can be mostly explained by the occurrence of equatorial Kelvin waves. Downwelling Kelvin waves can deepen the thermocline depth by tens of meters, so that the NLIW amplitude can be reduced up to 22%. Meanwhile, upwelling Kelvin waves can notably uplift the thermocline depth and the NLIW amplitude can be enhanced up to 32%. These discoveries provide credible evidence that basin-scale waves from the open ocean can remotely modulate small-scale internal waves in marginal seas.
Multi-foci metalens based on all-dielectric metasurface with simultaneous amplitude and phase modulation
Authors: Qin Chong , Fan Wenhui , Wu Qi , Jiang Xiaoqiang , Yan Hui 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Metasurfaces provide a novel platform for designing high efficiency and multi-functional photonic devices with compact size. Multi-foci metalens have great potential in the applications of optical tomography technology, optical data storage, optical communication and photoelectric detection. Here, in order to broaden the functionality and applicability of multi-foci metalens, a scheme for designing multi-foci metalens based on all-dielectric metasurface with simultaneous amplitude and phase modulation is demonstrated. Based on this, a linear-polarization-dependent multi-foci metalens which can focus x-polarization and y-polarization incident wave into multiple focal points independently is designed and demonstrated numerically, the intensity ratio between the x-polarization foci and y-polarization foci can be tuned continuously by varying the polarization angle of incident wave. In addition, the polarization-independent multi-foci metalens and dual-frequency multi-foci metalens have also been demonstrated by utilizing this method, the intensity ratio among these foci can be designed at will. This work is of great significance for the practical applications of multi-foci metalens.
Ultratransparent photonic crystals realize positive and negative refractions
Authors: Peng Yiwei , Sheng Jie , Xie Jianlan , Yu Junzhe , Liu Jianjun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The introduction of ultratransparent medium has not yet solved the problem of transmission loss caused by reflection in negative refraction (NR) devices. In this study, theoretical analysis and simulation verification are carried out and an ultratransparent medium with wide-angle NR-index is proposed; the imaging with its flat lens is discussed. A photonic crystal (PC) is designed as an instance of the medium, and the rationality was analyzed. The PC can realize NR within 50° as well as positive refraction (PR) within 75° with transmittances over 99%. It is an ideal material for multifunctional NR/PR devices with ultra-low loss.
Omnidirectional endpoint force control through functional electrical stimulation
Authors: Sierotowicz Marek , Castellini Claudio 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective. In recent years, Functional Electrical Stimulation has found many applications both within and outside the medical field. However, most available wearable FES devices are not easily adaptable to different users, and most setups rely on task-specific control schemes. Approach. In this article, we present a peripheral stimulation prototype featuring a compressive jacket which allows to easily modify the electrode arrangement to better fit any body frame. Coupled with a suitable control system, this device can induce the output of arbitrary forces at the end-effector, which is the basis to facilitate universal, task-independent impedance control of the human limbs. Here, the device is validated by having it provide stimulation currents that should induce a desired force output. The forces exerted by the user as a result of stimulation are measured through a 6-axis force-torque sensor, and compared to the desired forces. Furthermore, here we present the offline analysis of a regression algorithm, trained on the data acquired during the aforementioned validation, which is able to reliably predict the force output based on the stimulation currents. Main results. Open-loop control of the output force is possible with correlation coefficients between commanded and measured force output direction up to 0.88. A twitch-based calibration procedure shows significant reduction of the RMS error in the online control. The regression algorithm trained offline is able to predict the force output given the injected stimulation with correlations up to 0.94, and average normalized errors of 0.12 RMS. Significance. A reliable force output control through FES is the first basis towards higher-level FES force controls. This could eventually provide full, general-purpose control of the human neuromuscular system, which would allow to induce any desired movement in the peri-personal space in individuals affected by e.g. spinal cord injury.
Flood risk mapping for the area with mixed floods and human impact: a case study of Yarkant River Basin in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Yang Jing , Wang Jun , Hu Yiming , Li Binquan , Zhao Jianfei , Liang Zhongmin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Flooding has been causing severe consequences worldwide, including loss of human life and damage to property. Flood risk mapping, as a nonstructural measure, is efficient for flood protection and disaster alleviation. This study aims at completing the flood risk mapping of the region located at the middle reaches of the Yarkant River Oasis in western China, which has a dry climate and suffers from mixed flooding consisting of glacial outburst floods (GLOFs) and many other floods. In view of the complexity of flooding in the area, the study adopts two typical types of scenarios, namely overflow scenarios and dike-break scenarios, to complete the flood risk mapping. The MIKE FLOOD 1D/2D coupled model is used for two-dimensional flood flow simulation to compute the inundation depths and duration for flood risk assessment. The spatial overlay analysis was then used to combine the modeling results and land use/land cover layers with socioeconomic data to generate flood risk maps and damage losses under different scenarios. It is noted that evaporation and infiltration losses in the study area are not negligible because of the long flood process, the low precipitation, and dry surface/subsurface conditions. Due to the insufficient evaporation and infiltration data, a new method of synthesis loss rate is proposed to compute the evaporation/infiltration loss rate. Based on the water balance principle, the upstream and downstream flow data is utilized to calculate the water attenuation, which is then used to estimate the evaporation/infiltration loss rate. The proposed method can solve the problem of calculating evaporation/infiltration loss rates during the flooding process in such data-scarce areas. The flood risk mapping results indicate that the flood risk is high along the Yarkant River and that floods can cause severe inundation losses.
How We Approach Suppressive Antibiotic Therapy Following Debridement, Antibiotics, and Implant Retention for Prosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Cortes-Penfield Nicolas , Krsak Martin , Damioli Laura , Henry Michael , Seidelman Jessica , Hewlett Angela , Certain Laura 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The optimal treatment of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains uncertain. Patients undergoing debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) receive extended antimicrobial treatment, and some experts leave patients at perceived highest risk of relapse on suppressive antibiotic therapy (SAT). In this narrative review, we synthesize the literature concerning the role of SAT to prevent treatment failure following DAIR, attempting to answer 3 key questions: (1) What factors identify patients at highest risk for treatment failure after DAIR (ie, patients with the greatest potential to benefit from SAT), (2) Does SAT reduce the rate of treatment failure after DAIR, and (3) What are the rates of treatment failure and adverse events necessitating treatment discontinuation in patients receiving SAT? We conclude by proposing risk–benefit stratification criteria to guide use of SAT after DAIR for PJI, informed by the limited available literature.
Novel or established cryoballoon ablation system for pulmonary vein isolation: the prospective ICE-AGE-1 study
Authors: Heeger Christian-Hendrik , Popescu Sorin Stefan , Inderhees Tim , Nussbickel Noemi , Eitel Charlotte , Kirstein Bettina , Phan Huong-Lan , Hatahet Sascha , Subin Behnam , Traub Anna , Große Niels , Kuck Karl-Heinz , Vogler Julia , Tilz Roland R 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aims
Catheter ablation with a cryoballoon (CB) provides effective and durable pulmonary vein (PV) isolation (PVI) associated with encouraging clinical outcome data. The novel POLARx CB incorporates unique features, which may translate into improved safety, efficacy, and outcomes. The ICE-AGE-1 study aimed to assess the efficacy, safety, and 1-year clinical follow-up of the POLARx CB in comparison to the Arctic Front Advance Pro CB (AF-CB4).

Methods and results
A total of 103 consecutive patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) who underwent POLARx-based PVI (POLARx group) were prospectively enrolled and were compared to 102 consecutive patients previously treated with the AF-CB4 (AF-CB4 group). The mean age was 68.7 ± 10.2 (POLARx) and 65.7 ± 12 (AF-CB4, P = 0.0551) years. A total of 412 (POLARx) and 404 (AF-CB4) PVs were identified. All PVs, except for one PV in the POLARx group, were successfully isolated. A significant difference regarding the mean minimal CB temperature reached using the POLARx CB (−56.1 ± 8.3°C) and AF-CB4 (−46.9 ± 10.1°C) was observed (P &lt; 0.0001). Real-time PVI was visualized in 71% of PVs in the POLARx group and 46% of them in the AF-CB4 group (P &lt; 0.001). The mean procedure time was comparable: 54.5 ± 17.1 min for POLARx and 59.4 ± 18.6 min for AF-CB4 (P = 0.0509). No differences were observed in terms of periprocedural complications. There were comparable rates in freedom of AF or atrial tachycardia recurrence after 12 months, beyond a 90-day long blanking period: 78.9% in the POLARx group vs. 77.2% in the AF-CB4 group (P = 0.804).

Conclusion
The novel POLARx CB showed similar safety, efficacy, and 1-year recurrence-free survival rates compared to the AF-CB4. A higher rate of real-time electrical PV recordings and significantly lower balloon temperatures were observed using the POLARx as compared to AF-CB4.
Heritable genome editing: ethical aspects of a developing domain
Authors: Segers Seppe 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the past decade, scientific developments in human germline genome editing (GGE) have reinvigorated questions about research ethics, responsible innovation, and what it means to do good in the field of reproductive biology and medicine. In recent years, it has become part of the ethical debate on GGE whether categorical objections about (un)naturalness, dignity, respect for the gene pool as common heritage, are and should be supplemented by more pragmatic questions about safety, utility, efficacy, and potential ‘misuse’, which seem to become more dominant in the moral discussion. This mini-review summarizes the morally relevant aspects of the rapidly developing domain of GGE, focusing on reproductive applications and with special attention to the ethical questions pertaining to how this technology may affect the interests of those that come to be by means of it. While vital, this encompasses more than safety considerations. Taking this perspective, it will be crucial to engage with normative questions about how GGE maps on the importance of accommodating future parents’ preference to have genetically related children, and how far we should go to facilitate this. Similarly, a comprehensive ethical debate about ‘appropriate application’ of GGE cannot shake off the more fundamental question about how notions like ‘normalcy’, ‘quality of life’, and ‘disability’ can be conceptualized. This is crucial in view of respecting persons whichever traits they have and in view of acceptable boundaries to parental responsibilities.