bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary insights into manta ray (Mobula alfredi and M. birostris) population demographics and distribution in South Africa
Authors: Carpenter M. , Cullain N. , Daly R. , Smith G. , Dicken M. , Dames V. , Griffiths C. L. , Marshall A. D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBoth the reef manta ray, Mobula alfredi and oceanic manta ray M. birostris, are repeatedly observed in South Africa, yet little is known about the distributions of either species. In this study, we collated citizen science observations since 2003 to reveal six areas in the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) and Eastern Cape provinces, where manta rays have been sighted across multiple years. Using their unique ventral spot patterning, 184 individuals were photo-identified, comprising 139 M. alfredi and 45 M. birostris. Most of the photo-identified M. alfredi individuals were encountered in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park (IWP) in KZN (89%; n = 119) and for M. birostris, Aliwal Shoal (48%; n = 22). We identified 32 new transboundary records of 28 M. alfredi also photographed in the Inhambane Province, Mozambique, demonstrating connectivity, specifically to Závora (n = 27). One M. alfredi individual traveled multiple times between the IWP and Závora, Mozambique, totaling 1305 km, and another individual traveled from the Pondoland MPA to the IWP in South Africa, a distance of over 600 km. Further, we extend the southern range for M. alfredi in Africa by over 500 km from Mdumbi Beach to Port Ngqura, Eastern Cape. These collective findings represent South Africa’s first in-water assessment of manta ray aggregations, showing the IWP in particular to be a critical habitat for M. alfredi. Further, the movements documented here suggest the M. alfredi population in southern Africa to be one of the most mobile globally. We hope the baseline data provided here will drive increased research and transboundary management for M. alfredi and M. birostris along the KZN and Eastern Cape coastlines.
Experimental Study of Heat Transfer Through Windows Exposed to a Radiant Panel Heater
Authors: Schrader Rebekah L. , Ni Shuna , Dow Nicholas W. , Willi Joseph M. , DiDomizio Matthew J. , Horn Gavin P. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractStructure hardening is a key strategy to help mitigate building destruction during wildland-urban interface fires. Windows represent an important vulnerability for structure failure by allowing heat transfer to interior combustibles, and in cases of mechanical failure, an entry point for flames and/or embers. The purpose of this study is to characterize heat transfer through windows with various common construction variables (plain (annealed) versus tempered glass, single- versus double-pane, low-emissivity coating versus no coating, and air-filled versus argon-filled pane gap). Small-scale experiments were performed with 23 cm by 23 cm windows exposed to a radiant panel producing centerpoint incident heat fluxes of 10 $$\hbox {kW/m}^{2}$$

kW/m
2

, 20 $$\hbox {kW/m}^{2}$$

kW/m
2

, 30 $$\hbox {kW/m}^{2}$$

kW/m
2

, 40 $$\hbox {kW/m}^{2}$$

kW/m
2

, and 50 $$\hbox {kW/m}^{2}$$

kW/m
2

. Total heat flux was measured 5.1 cm behind the window glass. Times of pane cracking and other failure events were recorded. Double-pane designs reduced heat transfer through a window more than the single-pane design (measured 13% to 43% and 39% to 60% of the incident heat flux, respectively). Heat transfer was further reduced when a low-emissivity coating was present (measured 5 to 14% of the incident heat flux). The differences in measured heat flux behind plain glass versus tempered glass windows and air-filled versus argon-filled windows were not statistically significant. Tempered glass performed better than plain glass, and double-pane argon-filled windows consistently survived longer than double-pane air-filled windows. In some cases, heat fluxes measured behind the windows surpassed the critical heat flux required for ignition of some common household combustibles.
“Interactive lessons are great, but too much is too much”: Hearing out neurodivergent students, Universal Design for Learning and the case for integrating more anonymous technology in higher education
Authors: Durgungoz Fatma Canan , Durgungoz Ahmet 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study investigates the role of neurodivergent (ND) students’ voices in shaping educational experiences and engagement in higher education (HE). There is a significant gap in the literature on incorporating ND students’ voices in curriculum design in HE. By integrating Universal Design for Learning (UDL) elements, this study aimed to enhance cognitive and emotional engagement among ND and neurotypical (NT) students. This study utilised a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative data were collected over 8 weeks, transitioning from traditional lecture-based teaching to UDL-enhanced sessions. Our findings reveal that UDL strategies benefit ND and NT students, improving their cognitive and emotional engagement. Qualitative results highlighted that traditional lectures often lacked engagement, while interactive activities were generally preferred. However, too much interactivity, particularly in group discussions, was sometimes overwhelming. ND students preferred anonymous, technology-driven interactions and practical tasks, allowing them to participate more effectively in learning. This study underlines the importance of incorporating ND student voices in curriculum design to create supportive and empowering educational environments for all students. By addressing the unique needs of ND students, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on student voice in HE, emphasising the need for flexible and inclusive teaching practices that offer diverse learning preferences.
Depression Literacy in Parents of Adolescents in Ireland: Exploring Associations with Gender, Age of Adolescent, and Empathy
Authors: Byrne Sadhbh J. , Nixon Elizabeth , Swords Lorraine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Depression is among the most prevalent mental health issues affecting adolescents. Parents may play an important role in identifying warning signs of depression and providing support. However, little is known about how parents understand and respond to the early signs of adolescent depression, or their depression literacy (DL). The factors associated with their DL are also unclear. This questionnaire-based study aimed to explore DL in a sample of primary caregivers (n = 321, M
age = 46.2 years, 76% female) of 12–18-year-old adolescents living in the Republic of Ireland, through responses to a vignette depicting a character displaying symptoms of depression. Two-thirds (66.7%) attributed the character’s symptoms to depression, while 92.2% believed the character needed help. One third (34.6%) believed asking the adolescent about suicide would be harmful. Only parent empathy significantly predicted labelling the symptoms as ‘depression’. Contrary to hypotheses, there were no significant differences identified based on parents’ gender, their child’s gender, or their child’s age. To our knowledge, this study is the first to explore the link between empathy and DL in parents, and may inform targeted interventions to improve DL.
Rooting for microbes: impact of root architecture on the microbial community and function in top- and subsoil
Authors: Lattacher Adrian , Le Gall Samuel , Rothfuss Youri , Gao Chao , Harings Moritz , Pagel Holger , Giraud Mona , Alahmad Samir , Hickey Lee T. , Kandeler Ellen , Poll Christian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background and aims
Climate change and associated weather extremes pose major challenges to agricultural food production, necessitating the development of more resilient agricultural systems. Adapting cropping systems to cope with extreme environmental conditions is a critical challenge. This study investigates the influence of contrasting root system architectures on microbial communities and functions in top- and subsoil.

Methods
A column experiment was performed to investigate the effects of different root architectures, specifically deep (DRS) and shallow (SRS) root systems of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on microbial biomass, major microbial groups, and extracellular enzyme activities in soil. We focused on β-glucosidase (BG) activity, which is an indicator for microbial activity, during different plant growth stages, using destructive and non-destructive approaches.

Results
We found that the DRS promoted microbial biomass and enzyme activity in subsoil, while the SRS increased the microbial biomass and enzyme activity in topsoil. In-situ soil zymography provided fine-scale spatial insights, highlighting distinct patterns of BG activity near root centers and formation of enzyme activity hotspots, which were defined as regions where enzyme activity exceeds the mean activity level by 50%. Temporal changes in BG activity further underscored the dynamic nature of root-microbe interactions. Extracellular enzyme activities indicated varying carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition strategies of rhizosphere microorganisms between top- and subsoil.

Conclusion
This study underscores the need to consider root system architecture in agricultural strategies, as it plays a crucial role in influencing microbial communities and enzyme activities, ultimately affecting carbon and nutrient cycling processes in top- and subsoil.
Necessity for finite rational minds– Kant on empirical nomic necessity and the conceptual purposiveness of nature
Authors: Geiger Ido 
Published: January 2025

AbstractKant claims that empirical laws of nature “carry with them an expression of necessity” (Kant, 1998; A159/B198). What precisely is this “expression of necessity” and what grounds it? The metaphysical necessitation approach asks “What are laws of nature for Kant?” It answers that, for Kant, empirical laws possess necessity and are grounded in the properties and causal powers essential to natural kinds. The epistemological systematization approach claims that empirical natures, kinds and causal laws are rightly viewed as necessitating in virtue of the place they ideally take within an ultimate systematic conception of nature. The paper defends a hybrid transcendental-idealist approach to empirical necessity. It argues that Kant offers a transcendental deduction of the a priori principle of the systematic conceptual purposiveness of nature. In contrast to the systematization approach, this builds necessity into our most fundamental, conceptually articulated experience of nature. The approach can furthermore complement metaphysical necessitation accounts by showing that the commitment to necessitation follows from the metaphysical doctrine of transcendental idealism and the critical project of articulating the a priori transcendental conditions of experience. Recognizing the transcendental status of the principle of the systematic conceptual purposiveness of nature thus allows us to merge valuable insights of both the epistemological systematization and the metaphysical necessitation views.
The effect of continuous positive airway pressure therapy on early atherosclerosis in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome
Authors: Sulina Dóra , Puskás Szilvia , Magyar Mária Tünde , Oláh László , Kozák Norbert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose
Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder. Longer term, repeated episodes of hypercapnia and hypoxemia during sleep are associated with inflammatory and atherosclerosis-related factors. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on cerebral vasoreactivity and early atherosclerosis in patients with severe OSAHS.

Methods
Forty-one patients with severe OSAHS were enrolled. The mean follow-up time was 39.8 ± 9.1 months. Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed, and laboratory tests, carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) measurement and cerebrovascular reserve capacity (CRC) measurement were performed. After the baseline examination, 28 patients received CPAP therapy (treated group), which was not available for 13 patients (untreated group). Parameters were compared before and after treatment, between treated and untreated patients.

Results
Cardiovascular risk factors, baseline polysomnographic parameters, laboratory values, CIMT and CRC of the two groups were similar at baseline. At the follow-up, CRC did not differ between the two groups, but CIMT was significantly lower in the treated group than in the untreated group (0.73 ± 0.11 mm vs. 0.84 ± 0.21 mm, p = 0.027). The CIMT of both groups increased significantly during the follow-up period (from 0.65 ± 0.11 mm to 0.73 ± 0.11 mm in the treated group, and from 0.69 ± 0.11 mm to 0.84 ± 0.21 mm in the untreated group), but the increase in the treated group was smaller than in the untreated group (0.09 ± 0.09 mm vs. 0.15 ± 0.15 mm).

Conclusion
In patients with severe OSAHS, CPAP treatment significantly reduced the progression of CIMT.
Mit der Kraft der Vielfalt Barrieren in den Köpfen begegnen
Authors: Jordan Leonora Micah 
Published: January 2025

ZusammenfassungStereotypisierungen und Vorurteile können zu Diskriminierung führen – auch in Beratungssituationen. Die Ergänzende unabhängige Teilhabeberatung (EUTB®), in der Peer-Berater:innen eingesetzt werden, bietet ein niedrigschwelliges, diskriminierungssensibles Beratungsangebot für Menschen mit chronischen Erkrankungen/Behinderungen und für Angehörige. Studien belegen, dass Ratsuchende von Peer-Beratung profitieren. Darüber hinaus sind auch bei den Peer-Berater:innen Persönlichkeitsentwicklungen in den Bereichen Selbstwirksamkeit, Selbstsicherheit und Selbstvertrauen zu beobachten. In diesem Artikel wird diskutiert, ob Peer-Beratung geeignet ist, intersektionale Perspektiven und diskriminierungssensible Methoden auch auf weitere Beratungsfelder und Zielgruppen zu übertragen.
Modelling Alumina Feeding and Transport in an Industrial Aluminium Reduction Cell Using a Pragmatic Computational Model
Authors: Vachaparambil Kurian J. , Johansen Stein Tore , Soncini Ryan M. , Solheim Asbjørn , Einarsrud Kristian Etienne , Elstad Kim Ronny , Tessier Jayson 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this work, a pragmatic computational model, which can be employed as a physics-based digital twin, is used to simulate Alcoa’s aluminium reduction cell. The proposed transient model accounts for the evolution of dissolved and particulate alumina in the bath, with options to solve for the tracer distribution and bath temperature. The model also includes a simplified treatment of anode effects and alumina sludging. The bath flow in the model is based on a detailed CFD simulation that is corrected to be mass conserving. The model predictions, using relevant initial conditions and operational settings (e.g. feeding patterns), are compared with detailed measurements of alumina and tracer during two industrial measurement campaigns. The comparison of the spatial and temporal evolution of tracer predicted by the model matches quite well with the experimental data. The model is able to predict the experimental observations of spatial and temporal variation of alumina by using a sludging coefficient. Comparison between the model predictions and experimental data shows the slow transition (over many hours) between different levels of sludging at various locations in the cell. The model is able to capture the impact of the feeding pattern on the observed alumina distribution. The slow and dynamic process, not treated in the model and hypothesized to be self-feeding phenomena, is also observed to locally (at some locations) increase alumina level in the bath when compared to the simulation predictions. The model has also been used to simulate the evolution of representative bath temperatures in the cell. Despite the simplifications, the model has been shown to be able to reliably model an industrial aluminium reduction cell at a low computational overhead.
Variational damage model: A new paradigm for fractures
Authors: Ren Huilong , Rabczuk Timon , Zhuang Xiaoying 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The computational modeling of fracture in solids using damage mechanics faces challenges with complex crack topology. This can be addressed by using a variational framework to reformulate the damage mechanics. In this paper, we propose several mathematically elegant variational damage models (VDMs) for fracture mechanics without explicitly using damage variables. Based on the energy density ϕ, the fracture energy density is formulated as

$$\hat{\phi}=\phi(1+\ell \phi/G_{\mathrm{c}})$$

ϕ
^

=
ϕ
(
1
+
ℓ
ϕ

/

G

c

)

and the damage variable is expressed as s = ϕ/(ϕ + G
c/ℓ), which satisfy

$$\hat{\phi}\mid_{\phi \rightarrow\infty}=G_{\mathrm{c}}/\ell$$

ϕ
^

∣

ϕ
→
∞

=

G

c

/

ℓ

and s∣
ϕ→∞ = 1 as ϕ approaches infinity. These limits demonstrate that the new energy density converges to the Griffith energy release rate at full-damage state. The VDM profoundly modified the energy functional, implicitly incorporating the damage field. As a generalization of previous model, we propose a family of VDMs of varying orders. Additionally, we develop a multi-damage model to account for different types of energy densities, such as elastic thin plate and gradient elasticity. Using this functional, it is straightforward to deduce the governing equation for automatically evolving fractures. These formulations can be employed in conventional finite element method or other numerical methods with minimal modifications. Compared to the phase field method with the same mesh density, a sharper crack interface can be achieved. We demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed variational damage formulations using representative numerical examples.
Fundamental investigation of process stabilization through combined modification of milling tools with structured functional surfaces and asymmetric dynamic properties
Authors: Garcia Carballo Rafael , Baumann Jonas , Jaquet Simon , Biermann Dirk 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDisturbance factors, such as self-excited tool vibrations, limit the performance of modern machining processes and thus restrict the quality, productivity, and sustainability of industrially manufactured components. Tools with functional flank-face structures as well as asymmetric dynamic properties represent two approaches that are capable of reducing such dynamic disturbances. Since up to now both approaches have solely been investigated separately, a hybrid concept was developed, applied, and evaluated that combines both techniques and exploits synergistic effects. It was shown that the compliance of milling tools can be specifically adjusted by appropriate dimensioning of laterally inserted grooves on the tool shank. In addition, a preparation of the cutting edges, e.g. applying surface structures, are still feasible. The effect of such a hybrid tool modification was evaluated based on in-process measurements and workpiece analyses. An increase of the process stability and, thus material removal rate of 85% compared to non-modified tools could be achieved, which also exceeded the stabilizing potential of tools that include only one modification approach.
Canopy2: Tumor Phylogeny Inference by Bulk DNA and Single-Cell RNA Sequencing
Authors: Weideman Ann Marie K. , Wang Rujin , Ibrahim Joseph G. , Jiang Yuchao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTumors are comprised of a mixture of distinct cell populations that differ in terms of genetic makeup and function. Such heterogeneity plays a role in the development of drug resistance and the ineffectiveness of targeted cancer therapies. Insight into this complexity can be obtained through the construction of a phylogenetic tree, which illustrates the evolutionary lineage of tumor cells as they acquire mutations over time. We propose Canopy2, a Bayesian framework that uses single nucleotide variants derived from bulk DNA and single-cell RNA sequencing to infer tumor phylogeny and conduct mutational profiling of tumor subpopulations. Canopy2 uses Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to sample from a joint probability distribution involving a mixture of binomial and beta-binomial distributions, specifically chosen to account for the sparsity and stochasticity of the single-cell data. Canopy2 demystifies the sources of zeros in the single-cell data and separates zeros categorized as non-cancerous (cells without mutations), stochastic (mutations not expressed due to bursting), and technical (expressed mutations not picked up by sequencing). Simulations demonstrate that Canopy2 consistently outperforms competing methods and reconstructs the clonal tree with high fidelity, even in situations involving low sequencing depth, poor single-cell yield, and highly-advanced and polyclonal tumors. We further assess the performance of Canopy2 through application to breast cancer and glioblastoma data, benchmarking against existing methods. Canopy2 is an open-source package available at https://github.com/annweideman/canopy2.
The Role of Animal-Assisted Intervention in Supporting the Preschool-to-School Transition
Authors: Iváncsik Réka , Podráczky Judit , Molnár Marcell , Stromájer Gábor Pál , Csima Melinda 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe transition from preschool to school is a significant milestone in a child’s life, and the experiences gained during this period have a long-term impact not only on learning outcomes but also on the relationship with school and teachers. Starting school is exciting and filled with anticipation for young children; at the same time, it is also a source of stress that they may struggle to manage properly without support. Our one-group pretest–posttest study aimed to promote the preschool-to-school transition with animal-assisted intervention to reduce anxiety in children entering school. The intervention, which lasted for 24 weeks, involved using of a specially trained therapy rabbit in a classroom setting with the participation of 16 first-grade children. During the periods supported by animal-assisted intervention, there was a greater decrease in anxiety levels for both state and trait anxiety than in weeks when the therapeutic animal was not present in the classroom (p = 0.006; p = 0.02). The anxiety reduction was more pronounced in children who exhibited higher levels of anxiety in the initial measurements (p = 0.037). The results of our study demonstrate for the first time that animal-assisted intervention (especially animal-assisted pedagogy) can be effectively applied in supporting the preschool-to-school transition, especially for children with higher anxiety levels.
Cholecystostomy Indications and Outcomes: Which Patients Will Benefit?
Authors: Koch Rachel , Colonna Alexander 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PCT) is a technique used to treat acute cholecystitis in patients who are not surgical candidates for cholecystectomy at the time of presentation. Usage has increased over time and the procedure is nearly always technically successful. We reviewed recent literature to assess for new developments in outcomes and indications for PCT placement.

Recent Findings
Newer data has questioned whether outcomes for patients who get a PCT are better than those managed medically or with cholecystectomy. Multiple studies have shown no difference in mortality between different treatment strategies, and patients who get PCT placement tend to incur higher healthcare utilization.

Summary
While PCT is a safe alternative for source control in critically ill patients with cholecystitis, interval cholecystectomy should be performed when possible. Further prospective data is needed to assess long term outcomes and quality of life for patients with PCT.