bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Foliar Application of Growth Regulators on Vegetative Growth and Flowering Of Chrysanthemum
Authors: Ara KA , Kabir K , Rashid MT , Sharifuzzaman SM , Sadia MA 
Published: March 2023

The pot experiment was conducted at the Floriculture field of Horticulture Research Centre (HRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during August 2020 to May 2021 to evaluate the foliar spray of gibberellic acid (GA3), benzyl adenine (BA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on growth and flowering traits of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Four weeks old seedlings of chrysanthemum genotype CM-019 (flower class: Pompon and flower colour: Orange yellow) were transplanted in pot keeping under natural sunlight. The aqueous solution of GA3, BA and NAA @ 100 and 200 ppm of each were sprayed on the flower plants at monthly interval starting after one month of transplantation of seedlings along with control (water). The results revealed that vegetative growth and flowering parameters were significantly influenced by plant growth regulators. Maximum number of leaves per plant (50.0) and leaf area per plant (7.5 cm2) were recorded from the spraying of BA @ 100 ppm closely followed by BA @ 200 ppm (48.0 and 7.0 cm2/plant) and GA3 @ 100 ppm only for number of leaves (47.0/plant). Spraying of GA3 @ 100 ppm produced the tallest plant (70.0 cm) and the highest plant spread (23.0 cm). Number of flowers (26.0/plant), flower size (7.8 cm), average weight of stalk (37.0 g) and vase life (15.0 days) were also found maximum from the application of GA3 @ 100 ppm, closely followed by GA3 @ 200 ppm (23.5/plant, 7.2 cm, 36.0 g, 14.0 days) and NAA @ 100 ppm (18.5/plant, 7.0 cm, 36.0 g, 13.0 days) and irrespective of concentrations, BA failed to improve these characters. GA3 @ 100 ppm recorded maximum length of stalk (37.5 cm) and rachis (29.0 cm), which was identical with GA3 @ 200 ppm (34.6 cm and 25.0 cm), and BA @ 100 ppm gave the lowest length of stalk and rachis. GA3 also caused faster initiation of flowering, whereas NAA and BA delayed it. GA3 @ 100 ppm took the minimum days to flowering (50.0 days) was observed when plants were sprayed with GA3 @ 100 ppm whereas it was maximum (69 days) from BA @ 100 ppm treatment. It can be concluded that GA3 @ 100 ppm provided the best results for obtaining better vegetative growth of plants, maximum number of cut blooms with longer stalk as well as bigger flower size with prolonged vase life in chrysanthemum.
Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 47(1): 69-80, March 2022
Combining Ability and Heterosis Study for Grain Yield And Yield Contributing Traits of Maize (Zea Mays L.)
Authors: Karim ANMS , Ahmed S , Talukder ZA , Alam MK , Billah MM 
Published: March 2023

The nature of combining ability and heterosis were studied in an 8×8 diallel cross excluding reciprocals in maize for grain yield and yield contributing characters. Significant estimates of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) variances suggested the importance of both additive and non-additive gene actions for the expression of the traits studied. The variances for GCA Was found significant for days to pollen shedding, days to silking, plant height, ear height, 1000- grain weight and yield. SCA was significant for all the characters except yield. Non-significant SCA variance for yield suggests that this trait was predominantly controlled by additive type of gene action. Variances due to GCA were much higher in magnitude than SCA for all the characters indicating preponderance of additive gene effects for the inheritance of these traits. Parents CML431 (P4) and CML285 (P6) were the best general combiner for both high yield and parent CLG1837 (P7) and CML429 (P8) for earliness and dwarf plant type. Seven crosses CL02450×CML451 (P1×P5), CL02450×CLG1837 (P1×P7), CML551×CML431 (P2×P4), CML223×CML451 (P3×P5), CML431×CML451 (P4×P5), CML431× CML429 (P4×P8) and CML285× CLG1837 (P6× P7) exhibited positive SCA effects for grain yield. Considering, BARI Hybrid Maize-9 (BHM-9) as check, the percent heterosis for grain yield varied from -46.17 to 12.14%. Two crosses CML551×CML431 (P2×P4) and CML285× CLG1837 (P6× P7) exhibited significant and positive heterosis 12.14 and 10.77%, respectively over the check BHM-9 suggested their benefit cost ratio (BCR) study for developing high yielding hybrid varieties.
Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 47(1): 81-90, March 2022
Response of Mungbean Varieties to Boron In Calcareous Soils of Bangladesh
Authors: Quddus MA , Rashid MM , Siddiky MA , Islam MA , Rahman MA 
Published: March 2023

An experiment was conducted in calcareous soil at the research farm of Regional Pulses Research Station,Madaripur during 2014 and 2015 to determine the suitable dose of B for yield maximization of different varieties of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. There were 25 treatment combinations comprising five levels of boron (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 kg ha-1) and five varietiesof mungbean (BARI Mung-2, BARI Mung-3, BARI Mung-4, BARI Mung-5 and BARI Mung-6) along with a blanket dose of N20P25K30S10Zn2 kg ha-1. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. Main effect of boron indicated 1.5 kg ha-1 B was superior to other doses in respect of yield, protein content and yield traits of mungbean varieties. However, the highest yield increment (31.4%) over control was achieved from 1.5 kg B ha-1. In interactions, the maximum seed yield was achieved from var. BARI Mung-6 with the application of B @ 1.5 kg ha-1. As such cultivation of mungbean var. BARI Mung-6 with the application of boron @ 1.5 kg ha-1 along with N20P25K30S10Zn2 kg ha-1 (blanket dose) could be found suitable for yield maximization of mungbean in calcareous soils of Bangladesh.
Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 47(1): 105-118, March 2022
SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION OF NEW METHYL 1H-BENZIMIDAZOLE-5-CARBOXYLATE DERIVATIVES
Authors: DOĞANÇ Fatıma 
Published: March 2023

Objective: In this study, in connection with previous works in our department, some methyl 1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylate derivatives were synthesized for the first time. Compounds were modified by substituting the second position of the benzimidazole ring with 4-methylpiperidinyl groups for increasing antibacterial activity.
Material and Method: The targeted methyl 1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylates were synthesized by the reaction of o-phenylendiamine derivatives with urea. Oxygen at the 2nd position was converted to the chlorine in the presence of POCl3. Finally, the resulting products were obtained by the nucleophylic reaction with 4-methylpiperidine. Structures of synthesized compounds were elucidated with 1H- 13C-NMR and LC-MS techniques.
Result and Discussion: Methyl 1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylate derivatives that bearing 4-methyl piperidinyl groups at 2nd position were synthesized for getting better in vitro antibacterial activity profiles. In vitro antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds in this study are under investigation.
Fakta Sejarah dalam Novel Calabai Karya Pepi Al-Bayqunie Kajian New Historicism
Authors: Burhan Faika , Wardani Ajeng Kusuma , Ustianti Ustianti , Sudu La 
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan representasi sejarah dan budaya Indonesia dalam novel Calabai karya Pepi Al Bayqunie. Novel Calabai dikaji menggunakan pendekatan New Hisroricism, yakni menyandingkan teks nonsastra dengan teks sastra yang memiliki kesamaan peristiwa. Tahapan penelitian ini yakni teknik pembacaan paralel terhadap dua teks dan analisis terhadap data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Novel Calabai karya Pepi Al Bayqunie merepresentasikan sejarah Indonesia pada masa Orde Lama hingga masa pasca reformasi. Di masamasa Orde Lama, peristiwa-peristiwa sejarah yang dihadirkan yakni pemberontakan DI/TII Kahar Muzakkar beserta dampaknya terhadap kaum bissu di Segeri. Peristiwa lainnya yang dihadirkan yakni kekerasan dan ancaman berkepanjangan terhadap bissu di sepanjang dekade 1960-an hingga awal tahun 2000-an. Ancaman tersebut bersumber dari semakin kuatnya pengaruh Islam beserta penganut Islam fanatik. Fakta tersebut menjadi salah satu bukti bahwa kemajuan peradaban Indonesia tidak disertai dengan paham untuk saling menghargai keberagaman. Serangan terhadap bissu menjadi salah satu pertanda semakin memudarnya tradisi dan budaya leluhur dalam kehidupan masyarakat Bugis saat ini. (2) Novel Calabai merepresentasikan budaya Bugis dengan ditemukannya beberapa kosa kata Bugis, puisi Bugis Kuno, penyebutan Lontarak beserta naskah I La Galigo dalam novel.
KOMPLEKS MAKAM TUA KAMPUNG LAMA TAMOSI DESA LOKA KECAMATAN TIRAWUTA KABUPATEN KOLAKA TIMUR
Authors: Yusma Yusma , Alim Abdul , Salniwati Salniwati 
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Tahap pengumpulan data yaitu melalui studi kepustakaan serta pengamatan dilapangan. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan analisis morfologi, analisis Kontekstual. Berdasarkan hasil pelitian, Maka Situs Kompleks Makan Tua Kampung Lama Tamosi memiliki bentuk empat persegi panjang yang terdiri dari jirat dan nisan. Pembatan makam terbuat dari batu kali yang tidak bermotif atau berhias.Situs Makam Tua Kampung Lama Tamosi terdapat 16 makam yang terdiri dari 15 makam islam dan 1 makam megalitik, 2 makam memiliki jirat dan nisan dan 14 makam memiliki jirat tanpa nisan.Beberapa bentuk makam dipengarhi dipengaruhi unsur Islam dan Pra-Islam, terlihat unsur megalitik dan unsur Islam megaitik ditandai dengan makam yang memiliki arah hadap barat laut memiliki jirat dari susunan batu dan nisan yang telah diukir, unsur Islam ditandai dengan ciri arah hadap utara selatan dan memiliki nisan dan jirat yang diatas jirat tidak didirikan tambahan ornamen. Dari bentuk-bentuk makam dapat diuraikan masyarakat desa Simbune sudah memiliki ciri budaya Islam dan megalitik.
Kata Kunci: Makam tua, Tamosi, Bentuk, Unsur Budaya.
IDENTIFIKASI TINGGALAN ARKEOLOGI PADA GUA ILETE KECAMATAN BUNGKU TIMUR KABUPATEN MOROWALI
Authors: Muktamar Muktamar , Alim Abdul , Suseno Sandy 
Published: March 2023

Based on preliminary observations at Ilete Cave located in Ululere Village, Bungku Timur District, Morowali Regency. In Ilet Cave there are quite a lot of archeological findings such as bones, earthenware fragments, and conch shells. The following environment around the Ilete Cave is composed of the surrounding community plantation land. Based on the issues raised in this study are: (1) What is included in the Ilete Cave of East Bungku District. (2) How is the function of the Cave based on the findings in the Cave Ilete, East Bungku District, Morowali Regency.
This study uses the archeological theory of cultural history. This type of research used in this study is qualitative inductive criminal model. Data collection in this research was carried out through literature study, observation or field survey, observation and interview. Analysis of the data applied by the historical method then begins with contextual analysis.
The research site shows that the Ilete Cave Site has several artifacts such as pottery fragments, ceramic fragments, bone fragments, teeth and mollusk fragments the authors draw conclusions of the Cave site with the community and reading results.
IDENTIFIKASI KERUSAKAN DAN BENTUK PENANGANAN BUNKER PADA MASA PERANG DUNIA II DI KAWASAN LANUD TNI AU HALU OLEO, KECAMATAN RANOMEETO, KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN
Authors: Hardianti Andi Hardianti , Aswati Aswati , Hayunira Sasadara 
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang kerusakan bunker dan bentuk penangananya di Kawasan TNI AU Haluoleo Kecamatan Ranomeeto Kabupaten Konawe Selatan Sulawesi Tenggara. Tujuan dalam penelitian adalah menjelaskan mengenai bentuk kerusakan bunker dan bentuk penangananya terhadap kerusakan bunker. penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian analitis deskrptif dengan bentuk penalaran induktif didukung dengan analisis morfologi. Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat diketahui bahwa bentuk kerusakan yang terjadi pada bangunan bunker adalah bentuk kerusakan mekanis. Kerusakan mekanis terbagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu retakan tarik dan retakan tekan. Retakan tekan ditandai dengan adanya retakan horizontal sedangkan retakan tekan ditandai dengan retakan secara vertikal. Upaya penanganan terhadap kerusakan bangunan bunker yaitu dengan melakukan penambahan sloof untuk memperkuat dinding bangunan bunker, penambahan sloof diterapakan pada retakan bangunan bunker sedangkan untuk penangan kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh pelapukan adalah melakukan pembersihan mekanis, pembersihan secara mekanis dilakukan terhadap tumbuhan lumut yang ada pada permukaan dinding bunker serta pada bagian dalam dinding bunker.
Kata Kunci : Bunker, Kerusakan, Penanganan, Ranomeeto.
TINGGALAN ARKEOLOGI MASA PERANG DUNIA II DI SITUS LAPANGAN UDARA BORO-BORO A/D KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN
Authors: Nopiyanto Heri , Aswati M Aswati M , Hayunira Sasadara 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRAK
Lapangan Udara Boro-Boro A/D merupakan situs bekas lapangan udara militer yang dibangun Jepang pada masa Perang Dunia II atau Perang Pasifik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis peninggalan dan fungsi dari kawasan berdasarkan sarana militer Jepang yang terdapat di situs Lapangan Udara Boro-Boro A/D. Lapangan Udara Boro-Boro A/D merupakan situs bekas lapangan udara militer yang dibangun Jepang pada masa Perang Dunia II atau Perang Pasifik. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori arkeologi keruangan. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis dengan menggunakan bentuk penalaran induktif. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dicapai melalui studi pustaka, observasi atau survei lapangan, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Analisis data diterapkan dengan metode klasifikasi kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis kontekstual. Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa tinggalan sarana militer Jepang di situs Lapangan Udara Boro-Boro A/D terdiri atas bangunan terowongan bawah tanah berjumlah 6 temuan, struktur bak air berjumlah 3 temuan, struktur bendungan berjumlah 1 temuan, revetmen pesawat berjumlah 3 temuan dan fitur bangunan berjumlah 1 temuan. Lapangan Udara Boro-Boro A/D merupakan salah satu kawasan atau medan penting dan sebuah lapangan udara pengecoh untuk melindungi Lapangan Udara Kendari II yang sengaja dibangun oleh Jepang untuk mengecoh penglihatan musuh atau dari pantauan pesawat sekutu.
Kata Kunci: Lapangan Udara Boro-Boro A/D, Tinggalan Arkeologi, Konawe Selatan.

ABSTRACT
The Boro-Boro A/D airfield is the site of a former military air field built by Japan during World War II or the Pacific War. The research is aims to identify the types of relics and functions of the region based on Japanese military devices found at the Boro-Boro A/D air field site. This research uses the theory of mathematical space. This research is an analytic description by using an inductive form of reasoning.The data gathering in this research was accomplished through study libraries, observation or field surveys, documentation and interviews. Data analysis is implemented in classification methods and then followed with contextual analysis. The research shows that the height of Japanese military devices at the Boro-boro A/D air field site consists of 6 discoveries, waterhole structures totaling 3 discoveries, dam structures totaling 1 discoveries, and construction features 3 discoveries and 1 construction features. The Boro-boro A/D air field is one of the areas or crucial areas and an airfield diversion to protect the Kendari II air field deliberately built by the Japanese to distract an enemy's visual or an allied airliner.
Keywords: Boro-Boro A/D Air field, Height of Archeological, South Konawe
Continent-wide recent emergence of a global pathogen in African amphibians
Authors: Ghose Sonia L. , Yap Tiffany A. , Byrne Allison Q. , Sulaeman Hasan , Rosenblum Erica Bree , Chan-Alvarado Alan , Chaukulkar Shruti , Greenbaum Eli , Koo Michelle S. , Kouete Marcel T. , Lutz Kurt , McAloose Denise , Moyer Alessandra J. , Parra Eliseo , Portik Daniel M. , Rockney Heidi , Zink Andrew G. , Blackburn David C. , Vredenburg Vance T. 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionEmerging infectious diseases are increasingly recognized as a global threat to wildlife. Pandemics in amphibians, caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), have resulted in biodiversity loss at a global scale. Genomic data suggest a complex evolutionary history of Bd lineages that vary in pathogenicity. Africa harbors a significant proportion of global amphibian biodiversity, and multiple Bd lineages are known to occur there; yet, despite the decline of many host species, there are currently no described Bd-epizootics. Here, we describe the historical and recent biogeographical spread of Bd and assess its risk to amphibians across the continent of Africa.MethodsWe provide a 165-year view of host-pathogen interactions by (i) employing a Bd assay to test 4,623 specimens (collected 1908–2013); (ii) compiling 12,297 published Bd records (collected 1852–2017); (iii) comparing the frequency of Bd-infected amphibians through time by both country and region; (iv) genotyping Bd lineages; (v) histologically identifying evidence of chytridiomycosis, and (vi) using a habitat suitability model to assess future Bd risk.ResultsWe found a pattern of Bd emergence beginning largely at the turn of the century. From 1852–1999, we found low Bd prevalence (3.2% overall) and limited geographic spread, but after 2000 we documented a sharp increase in prevalence (18.7% overall), wider geographic spread, and multiple Bd lineages that may be responsible for emergence in different regions. We found that Bd risk to amphibians was highest in much of eastern, central, and western Africa.DiscussionOur study documents a largely overlooked yet significant increase in a fungal pathogen that could pose a threat to amphibians across an entire continent. We emphasize the need to bridge historical and contemporary datasets to better describe and predict host-pathogen dynamics over larger temporal scales.
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of heat-tolerance in Neopyropia yezoensis induced by Sargassum horneri extract
Authors: Xing Qikun , Han Sol , Park Ji-Sook , Yarish Charles , Kim Jang K. 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionHeat stress is one of the main threats for the seaweed aquaculture, leading to the decay of the blades and causing serious economic losses. A newly developed biostimulant, Sargassum horneri extract (SHE), can enhance the heat-tolerance in Neopyropia yezoensis, which can be applied in the seaweed aquaculture. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this acquired heat-tolerance is still unclear.MethodIn this study, we examined the transcriptional regulation of N. yezoensis under heat stress after the SHE pre-treatment by performing the RNA-Seq on illumina Novaseq platform and differentially expressed gene analysis.Result and discussionOur results show that, under heat stress, the SHE pre-treatment can alleviate the suppression of genes involved in normal cell activities, such as ribosome biogenesis, photosynthesis, respiration and cell cycle. On the other hand, SHE pre-treatment can also induce some key genes involved in the heat-tolerance. We also found that the combination of SHE pre-treatment and heat stress can induce some genes related to epigenetic modification, suggesting that SHE may facilitate the formation of heat stress memory in N. yezoensis. Our study provides information for understanding the molecular mechanism of heat-tolerance in N. yezoensis and for promoting the application of seaweed-derived biostimulants in the seaweed aquaculture.
Nomogram for predicting disseminated intravascular coagulation in heatstroke patients: A 10 years retrospective study
Authors: Zeng Qingbo , Zhong Lincui , Zhang Nianqing , He Longping , Lin Qingwei , Song Jingchun 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundDisseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) can lead to multiple organ failure and death in patients with heatstroke. This study aimed to identify independent risk factors of DIC and construct a predictive model for clinical application.MethodsThis retrospective study included 87 patients with heatstroke who were treated in the intensive care unit of our hospital from May 2012 to October 2022. Patients were divided into those with DIC (n = 23) or without DIC (n = 64). Clinical and hematological factors associated with DIC were identified using a random forest model, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE). Overlapping factors were used to develop a nomogram model, which was diagnostically validated. Survival at 30 days after admission was compared between patients with or without DIC using Kaplan-Meier analysis.ResultsRandom forest, LASSO, and SVM-RFE identified a low maximum amplitude, decreased albumin level, high creatinine level, increased total bilirubin, and aspartate transaminase (AST) level as risk factors for DIC. Principal component analysis confirmed that these independent variables differentiated between patients who experienced DIC or not, so they were used to construct a nomogram. The nomogram showed good predictive power, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.976 (95% CI 0.948–1.000) and 0.971 (95% CI, 0.914–0.989) in the internal validation. Decision curve analysis indicated clinical utility for the nomogram. DIC was associated with significantly lower 30 days survival for heatstroke patients.ConclusionA nomogram incorporating coagulation-related risk factors can predict DIC in patients with heatstroke and may be useful in clinical decision-making.