bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Breakthrough Solution to Set ESP Packer at Higher Inclination by a Creative Combination of Re-Designing Slick-Line Tool String, Completion String and Well Trajectory Saving up to 30% of Completion Time in a Middle East Depleted Oil Field.
Authors: Almuallim Mustafa , Ullah Syed Zahoor , Ruzhnikov Alexey , Silva Paul , Al Shaikh Jaffar , Agarwal Rohit , Al-Herz Mohammad 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAfter years of oil production in the Middle East, conventional electric submersible pump (ESP) placement at inclination of 45° is no longer deep enough to enable inflow of hydrocarbons. As a result, in some fields a packer placement is pushed deeper and closer to a reservoir at 55°-70° inclination which negatively impacts the ability to set packer with conventionally slick-line run plug system. The paper provides information on technologies used to overcome challenges associated by use of creative solution of modified slick-line run tubing plug system aiming to set the production packers at high inclination, in excess of 45°.This optimized system eliminates risk of weakened slickline jarring action across deviated wellbore by optimizing landing plug design, completion string configuration and landing profile criteria at which plug is deployed to pressurize tubing and set completion packer. The manuscript discusses torque and drag modeling utilized to plan and monitor deployment of modified slick-line system across high deviated and extended reach (ERD) wells. Finally, paper concludes with a detailed deployment BHA, execution road map and contingencies.The abovementioned system was successfully implemented across 5 extended reach wells (ERD) with packer set at an inclination up to 70°. Revised approached enabled optimization of both slick-line BHA and completion string such, that cost is reduced by over 30% compared to other wells where packer was set with conventional approaches like coiled tubing and wireline tractor. Furthermore, time associated with completion operation has been reduced by more than 2 days. Utilized model of slick-line deployment is currently adopted by the operator as standard practice to set ESP packer across highly deviated trajectories for both multi- and single lateral extended reach oil wells.The document provides a novel approach to set production packer at high inclination by utilization of optimized deployment BHA comparing to more expensive and time-consuming alternative approaches. It also provides technical feasibility analysis for slickline deployment into wellbores of high inclination. The proposed approach can be implemented any project worldwide to optimize both wireline and slick-line operation and thereby improving the performance.
Investigating the Effect of Thermal Conductivity on Geothermal Energy Production at Different Circulation Rates in an EGS Abandoned Case Study
Authors: Ashena Rahman , Madani Mohammad , Sivanesan Siva Kumar , Thiruchelvam Vinesh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe thermal conductivity coefficient of the reservoir formation rock-cement-casing combination is an important parameter affecting the optimum circulation flow rate in open and closed-loop systems. Despite its importance, an accurate value of the thermal conductivity may not used in modeling due to the fact that either the thermal conductivity of the rock and cement is not measured in the lab to be accurately known, or the effect of cement and casing thermal conductivities on the net thermal conductivity is ignored. Therefore, this work investigates the effect of a change in the thermal conductivity on the net heat energy, the net power and the coefficient of performance (COP), at different circulation rates.The simulation results using CMG software for a high reservoir temperature shallow case study in Trindad and Tobago show that when the net thermal conductivity of 2 W/m/K is doubled, the net heat energy and power show minimal increase of up to ~1%. Such minimal increases are the case at all circulation rates, with the greatest heat increase occurring at the largest circulation rate. The minimal produced heat increase is attributed to the assumption of external reservoir temperature being at the nearest radius to the wellbore wall due to the fact that the high thermal conductivity of water in the fractures dominates and the fractures extend so far that the surface area for heat flow is very high. This is in accordance with previous research simulation results.
A Novel Approach to Sand Volume Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Shabdirova Ainash , Kozhagulova Ashirgul , Nguyen Minh , Zhao Yong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe objective of the paper is to discuss the application of different Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to predict sand volume during oil production from a weak sandstone reservoir in Kazakhstan. The field data consists of the data set from 10 wells comprising such parameters as fluid flow rate, water cut value, depth of the reservoir, and thickness of the producing zone. Six different algorithms were applied and root-mean-square error (RMSE) was used to compare different algorithms. The algorithms were trained with the data from 8 wells and tested on the data from the other two wells. Variable selection methods were used to identify the most important input parameters. The results show that the KNN algorithm has the best performance. The analysis suggests that the ML algorithm can be successfully used for the prediction of transient and non-transient sand production behavior. The algorithm is especially useful for transient sand production, where sand burst is followed by abrupt decline and finally stops. The results show that the algorithm can fairly predict the peak sand volumes which is useful for sand management measures. The variable selection studies suggest that water cut value and fluid flow rate are the most important parameters both for the sand volume amount and accuracy of the algorithm. The novelty of the paper is an attempt to predict sand volume using ML algorithms while existing studies focused only on sanding onset prediction.
Brilliant at the Basics: A Review on Dual String Gas Lift Injection Performance in Malaysian Offshore Fields
Authors: Suggust Alister Albert , Kueh Jing Zhi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSarawak offshore wells are mostly completed with dual string completion and are heavily relying on gas lift as the primary artificial lift. Dual string gas lift is an economical way to selectively produce from multi-stacked reservoirs in Sarawak fields. However, it poses great challenges in terms of operations, troubleshooting, allocation and optimization as both strings share a common annulus. Dual string gas lift performance diagnosis need to be done from time to time to ensure the strings production are optimized at well level.Gas injection rate is a critical input in predicting the well performance based on the gas lift performance curve. However, the gas lift injection rate for dual string is measured at well – not at string level. The gas lift injection rate into each string needs to be allocated correctly either through well modelling calibration approach, testing one string while shutting its neighbor or well tracer application. After allocating the gas lift injection rate into each string correctly, well modelling prediction run at done to mitigate multipointing issues, design optimum point of injection, establish optimum injection rate at well level and determine the optimum casing head pressure.The operator has proposed for a workflow to correct the dual gas lift injection allocation based on well modelling calibration. The workflow was implemented and resulted in multiple optimizations in terms of gas lift valve change program, choke optimization and gas lift rate optimization. Apart from that, the paper will also share on the findings from the well tracer application in correcting the gas injection allocation.This paper will focus on the production performance check on dual string gas lift performance at well level. The findings from the study are subsequently monetized as quick-gain opportunities while the operator is embarking into long term study on assessing the alternative artificial lift strategy suitable for a brownfield. The lessons learned will also be applicable to oil fields with similar situations to further improve the fields’ production.
Play-Based Evaluation on Permian Carbonate Reservoir: Implications for Petroleum Exploration in Northeast Thailand
Authors: Benny Hendra , Benjawan Teekayu , Chaichana Kasame , Amonpantang Phinporn , Wongsuriyakat Natsinee , Ponsri Sirichon , Piwhom Prath , Chaibamrung Phongsakorn 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDespite the long exploration history, success rate has been low in the Khorat Plateau region of northeastern Thailand. To date, only two gas fields (from 9 discoveries) have been produced from Permian carbonate reservoirs, the only successful play. PTTEP and Department of Mineral Fuels (DMF) of Thailand conducted a collaborative basin-wide study using a Play-Based Exploration (PBE) method to fully understand the remaining prospectivity. PBE combines all aspects of petroleum system to provide a holistic view on basin prospectivity. It integrates existing knowledge in literature with well failure analysis, well-seismic stratigraphy, reconstruction of paleogeography and depositional environments, structural interpretation and restoration, source rock characterization and 1D basin modeling into a comprehensive basin development model. The outcome from these analyses coupled with better understanding of the basin were used to generate common risk segment maps of key elements in the petroleum system. The common risk segments maps were combined into the total chance map, which was then used to identify play fairways. Two major rifting episodes during Carboniferous-Triassic and three compressional events during the Triassic and Paleogene resulting in closures of the Paleo- and Neo-Tethys Oceans were responsible for the complex tectono-stratigraphic history of this area. The deposition of marine source rocks and carbonate reservoirs were influenced by the Late Carboniferous to Permian rift structures. The Triassic and Paleogene compression subsequently created prospective structural traps as well as modified local reservoir qualities via fracturing and hydrothermal processes. The Permian carbonate reservoirs are sealed by a widely distributed Upper Triassic fluvial floodplain sediments. Play chance shows that the exploration sweet spots are related to karst features and fractures mainly in the western and north-western parts of the Khorat Plateau. Further detailed study and prospect level evaluation planned for these fairways. Identifying and delineating the karst features and fractures are key to success in future exploration. Additional infill seismic data will also help in achieving the goals.
Unravelling the Mystery of Double Complex Unconventional Reservoirs on Tibetan Plateau by Highly Integrated Geophysical and Geological Modelling
Authors: Tong Yanming , Chen Xiaodong , Zhang Qinghui , Wu Chuan , Tan Chenqing , Gao Farun , Guo Ning , Tan Wulin , Kosolpinete Monthathip 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe study area belongs to Qaidam Basin of Tibetan Plateau. It has extremely complex structural and sedimentological conditions which seriously hinder in-depth geological understanding and effective exploration and development activities. We solve the problems to a great extent with highly integrated unique geophysical and geological modeling.The solutions mainly included: (1) Continuously improving the quality of seismic image by updating the PSDM cube twice during project execution based on a unique workflow of Coupled Geophysical & Geological Modeling; (2) Adjusting/consolidating seismic structural interpretation, well tops, and structural information on microresistivity images reiteratively to obtain robust structural interpretations; (3) Structural modeling with the method suitable for complex structural background; (4) Property modeling with combined constraints of well data, seismic trend, sedimentary cycle, variogram and geological understanding, such as using element logging interpretation results for Lithofacies, Mineral composition and Porosity models; (5) DFN fracture modeling with fracture statistics from microresistivity images, seismic edge-detection cube, seismic drivers and NFP geomechanical drivers.Not only are the double complex reservoirs effectively characterized, but also many meaningful geological conclusions are reached which in turn could guide more effective E&P activities, including (1) distributions of oil-bearing belts, pools, and high-production wells are all controlled obviously by structural patterns; (2) although the reservoirs belong to a very large lacustrine basin sedimentologically, great heterogeneity still commonly exists, with many local structural highs and lows causing quick variation of microfacies in plan view; (3) source rocks, reservoirs, traps and preservation condition are the key factors for oil abundance; (4) four geological conditions need to be carefully evaluated for any outskirt well design & drilling, etc.Based on the results, measured OOIP of tens of millions of tons has been summitted to the country, a bunch of kiloton-oil exploration wells have been drilled and dozens of optimized development wells have been placed in recent years.We realize "for the first time" in some aspects for effectively characterizing the saline lacustrine thin tight oil reservoirs on tectonically complex Tibetan plateau. This study can be referred to by other geologically complex regions in the industry.
Integrated Subsurface Reservoir Characterization to Enhance Geomodeling in the Suphanburi Oil Field, Onshore Thailand
Authors: Kunpitaktakun Takonporn , Boonyasatphan Prat , Utitsan Seehapol , Wongpaet Khuananong , Primadi Hari 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo prolong the field life of The Suphanburi oil field, an additional enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process is required. Dynamic reservoir modeling will need to be performed to maximize the EOR strategy. However, achieving the right result is a challenge as the field has a complex depositional environment and high heterogeneity, resulting in a high uncertainty of the dynamic reservoir model. A new reservoir model is proposed and created. The new model has been purposely built to capture the heterogeneity of the field by incorporating the newly interpreted geological concept of the field, together with quantitative seismic interpretation results. First, the new geological concept is interpreted from well data into "depofacies". The depofacies describe both depositional environment and lithofacies. Next, quantitative seismic interpretation is performed to capture the spatial variation of the reservoir and the predefined facies. Lastly, the reservoir model is built by first generating the depofacies. The reservoir or sandstone is then modeled specifically into each pre-modeled depofacies. As a result, the new reservoir model can better capture reservoir heterogeneity, resulting in a better EOR strategy.
Innovative Approach to Enhanced Well Integrity Evaluation in Unconventional Completions with Fiberglass Casings
Authors: Hijles Ali A , Waluyo Fauzia , Singh Kamaljeet , Benslimani Abderrahmane 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMore wells are being completed with fiberglass casings to overcome the challenge of corrosion to the carbon steel casings. Fiberglass casing is expected to increase the longevity of the wells. The wells completed with fiberglass still require the operators to confirm that the casing is in good condition and also the annular cement sheath is able to provide mechanical support and zonal isolation. The evaluation poses a challenge as the properties of the fiberglass are very different to that of the carbon steel casing. Some studies were performed in 2018 to test the ultrasonic physics in fiberglass, this paper will describe the challenges and how we have now developed an innovative data acquisition, processing and interpretation workflow to properly evaluate both the fiberglass casing condition and as well the annular cement condition.It was observed through surface experiments that the conventional ultrasonic technique applicable to carbon steel pipes has been proven to be invalid in fiberglass casings because the velocity and acoustic impedance of fiberglass are much lower than steel; therefore, there is no resonance in fiberglass. A new interpretation workflow was developed and applied to raw data to build specific parameters proper to the fiberglass samples to determine the acoustic properties: acoustic impedance, attenuation factor and velocity. It is for the first time that data has been acquired in a very large fiberglass casing.Fiberglass casings were run in water well, and wireline acoustic logs were successfully acquired for cement and corrosion evaluation across 19-inch. OD Glass Reinforced Epoxy pipes. The interpretation workflow was applied to raw field data and a comprehensive cement map and corrosion answer products were obtained with an acceptable quality control level. The paper will review the data from three wells.This innovative data acquisition, processing, and interpretation workflow can be deployed in wells for decision making prior to completion and production. The new method also opens up future opportunities for the evaluation of non-carbon steel pipes, and with knowledge of mechanical and acoustic properties, the method can be adapted to perform a full evaluation. This method is expected to provide valuable information for wells planned to be completed with fiberglass casing.
Floating Structure Integrity Management Program (FSIMP) Towards Digitalization
Authors: Tong Wen Jie , Kar Suman , Bin Taib Hasmi , Bin Abdul Rahman Azam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe objective of the paper is to demonstrate digitalization of Floating Structures Integrity Management Program (FSIMP) and its application for the structural integrity of floating structure assets. The framework of FSIMP is being developed by adopting Risk Based Inspection (RBI) methodology and complemented with technical know-how and industry best-practices. Implementing the methodology provides strategic planning for maintenance by reducing the anticipated risk. Hence, ensuring uninterrupted service of the floating structure assets throughout the service life.This paper presents a systematic approach for digitalization of the integrity management program for a nominated floating structure asset. The methodology offers a procedure to acquire necessary data management gathering, risk assessment, and RBI survey plan to maintain the structural integrity in the centralized web-based platform of FSIMP. RBI process is adopted into the FSIMP to investigate all deterioration and failure mechanisms. These structures will be identified by qualitative and quantitative risk assessment methods.The implementation of FSIMP offers a wide range of capabilities in structural integrity management such as integrating all floating structure fleet assets in a single dashboard of web-based platform, clear line of sight for reliable structural integrity, and an holistic overview across all levels of management. FSIMP with RBI methodology evaluates all data gathering to optimize inspection resources based on the risk assessment through an optimum combination of inspection methods and frequencies. The whole process is aligned to the requirements from Classification to ensure reliability for continuous operations. It also observes the essential need of digitalization for FSIMP during the time of post-COVID19 pandemic and the ever-expanding offshore oil, gas and energy frontiers that demand the adoption of new and advanced technologies, especially in the field of digitalization. It is shown that FSIMP has great potential as a digitalization tool and system to integrate with the RBI risk assessment that aligns to the requirements from Classification. It is strategically to maximize the effectiveness and improved efficiency for inspection and monitoring plan.The paper provides information on the solution of digitalization to the Floating Structures Integrity Management Program (FSIMP) in ensuring that the integrity of floating structure asset during the service life is intact for continuous operation and a holistic overview for all the assigned fleet assets in a centralized dashboard web-based platform. In addition to that, RBI is as added benefit to the FSIMP with its structure methodology of data evaluation and risk assessment in order to objectively optimizing inspection and maintenance resources.
Advancement in Waterflood and EOR Performance Assessment and Optimization with Capacitance-Resistance Model in the Largest Oil Field, Thailand
Authors: Laochamroonvorapongse Rapheephan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe main mechanism of waterflooding and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is oil displacement by injected fluid; however, complexity in the geological system, limited understanding of interwell connectivity, vertical heterogeneity, and lack of injection and production controls lead to lower-than-expected flood performance. This study is aimed to assess and optimize the ongoing waterflood and polymer flooding performance in a mature S1 oil field in Thailand.The capacitance resistance model (CRM) is a physics-based reservoir model that derives interwell connectivity and reservoir properties solely from the input of production, injection, and pressure data. In this study, the rigorous workflow of CRM model coupled with fractional flow model was built by using Python language to dynamically perform the reservoir analysis focusing on the polymer pilot and mature waterflood areas. The reservoir connectivity map and reservoir properties were obtained from the CRM model matching, and the flood optimization plan was the output after coupling those two models.The CRM model provides good fittings of well production rates in case there is sufficient production data and the derived interwell connectivity is in good agreement with the interwell tracer results, the regional sedimentary supply direction, and waterflood analysis by reservoir engineers. The input of bottomhole pressure data from electric submersible pump (ESP) sensors can enhance the quality of CRM fittings, especially when reservoir is in the under-injection state. For the optimization study, well injection rates were adjusted with the objective function to maximize oil reserves, and the results signified a total incremental oil gain of 1 MMSTB approximately. The recommended waterflood optimization plan was implemented and is being evaluated in the field.The integrated CRM workflow could replace the 3D-conventional reservoir simulation model where it may contain high uncertainty of geological structures and characteristics. The CRM also enables the intensive waterflood and EOR assessment as well as flood performance optimization. This application would be a key to ensuring the success of the waterflood and EOR journey.