bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological Changes of Meibomian Gland in Anopthalmic Patients Wearing PMMA Prosthetic Eyes
Authors: Desouky Amany Mouawad El , Desouky Mohamed Ashraf El , Awara Amr Mahmoud , Shabana Reham Refaat 
Published: September 2023

Background: Chronic ocular discomfort represents one of the most common adverse events referred to patients with long-standing ocular prosthesis wearing.
Aim and Objectives: The current work aimed to evaluate the morphological changes of meibomian gland in unilateral anophthalmic patients wearing PMMA prosthetic eyes in relation to contralateral normal eye.
Subjects and Methods: This work has been performed upon 40 eyes of patients with anopthalmic socket wearing PMMA prosthetic eye completed a questionnaire designed to identify MGD-related ocular symptoms. Both eyelids of each patient underwent slit lamp examination, meibography imaging, and microbilogical assessment. Intra-individual comparison of main outcome measures between the eyelids of a prosthetic eye and paired normal eyelids was performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. A linear mixed model was employed to evaluate the relationship between ocular symptoms and meibomian gland/tear characteristics.
Results: The eyelids with an ocular prosthesis exhibited significantly higher scores for ocular symptoms, lid margin abnormality, meibomian gland expression, and meibography compared to the normal eyelids (p<0.01 for all scores). The meibography score was significantly positively connected with the ocular symptom score and negatively correlated with tear parameters (p<0.01 for all parameters, linear mixed model).
Conclusions: With a prosthetic eye, meibomian glands of the eyelids are more likely to be lost. Accordingly, deterioration and loss of normal anatomical structures might lead to obstructive MGD, which was strongly associated with dry eye ocular symptoms.
These findings suggest that patients with prosthetic eyes, particularly those experiencing ocular discomfort, may benefit from clinical screening and care recommendations for MGD.
Knowledge about the Relation between Human Papillomavirus and Oropharynx Squamous Cell Carcinomas among University Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ferreira Chrystiano Campos , Sá Cláudia Daniela Barros de , Filho Francisco Júlio Barbosa Lima , Ferreira Herika Rangel 
Published: September 2023

Background: The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection globally and is linked to certain types of cancer, including oropharynx squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC). Unfortunately, a large part of the population is unaware of this connection. University students play a crucial role in spreading scientific knowledge, and many studies have been conducted to assess their knowledge on the subject. However, no study has collated data from previous research. Therefore, our study aims to carry out a systematic review with meta-analysis to determine the level of knowledge among university students regarding the link between HPV and OPSCC.
Methodology: We conducted a systematic review according to the recommendations of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). We include 22 of a total of 290 studies.
Results: The overall pooled prevalence of university students who knew the relation between HPV and OPSCC was 45.00% (95% CI: 35.00-55.00). According to the subgroup meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence was highest in dental students 64.00% (95% CI: 47.00-79.00), followed by medical students 39.00% (95% CI: 18.00-66.00), and the lower prevalence was the health student group 35.00% (95% CI: 27.00-43.00).
Conclusion: This systematic review revealed low knowledge about the relationship between HPV and OPSCC among university students, but better knowledge among dental students.
Readmission Rates After Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Children
Authors: Keim Garrett , Hsu Jesse Y. , Pinto Neethi P. , McSherry Megan L. , Gula Annie Laurie , Christie Jason D. , Yehya Nadir 
Published: September 2023

ImportanceAn increasing number of children survive after acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The long-term morbidity affecting these survivors, including the burden of hospital readmission and key factors associated with readmission, is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine 1-year readmission rates among survivors of pediatric ARDS and to investigate the associations of 3 key index hospitalization factors (presence or development of a complex chronic condition, receipt of a tracheostomy, and hospital length of stay [LOS]) with readmission.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used data from the commercial or Medicaid IBM MarketScan databases between 2013 and 2017, with follow-up data through 2018. Participants included hospitalized children (aged ≥28 days to &amp;lt;18 years) who received mechanical ventilation and had algorithm-identified ARDS. Data analysis was completed from March 2022 to March 2023.ExposuresComplex chronic conditions (none, nonrespiratory, and respiratory), receipt of tracheostomy, and index hospital LOS.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was 1-year, all-cause hospital readmission. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were created to test the association of key hospitalization factors with readmission.ResultsOne-year readmission occurred in 3748 of 13 505 children (median [IQR] age, 4 [0-14] years; 7869 boys [58.3%]) with mechanically ventilated ARDS who survived to hospital discharge. In survival analysis, the probability of 1-year readmission was 30.0% (95% CI, 29.0%-30.8%). One-half of readmissions occurred within 61 days of discharge (95% CI, 56-67 days). Both respiratory (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.69; 95% CI, 2.42-2.98) and nonrespiratory (aHR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.71-2.03) complex chronic conditions were associated with 1-year readmission. Placement of a new tracheostomy (aHR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.69-2.33) and LOS 14 days or longer (aHR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.62-2.16) were associated with readmission. After exclusion of children with chronic conditions, LOS 14 days or longer continued to be associated with readmission (aHR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.49-2.47).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this retrospective cohort study of children with ARDS who survived to discharge, important factors associated with readmission included the presence or development of chronic medical conditions during the index admission, tracheostomy placement during index admission, and index hospitalization of 14 days or longer. Future studies should evaluate whether postdischarge interventions (eg, telephonic contact, follow-up clinics, and home health care) may help reduce the readmission burden.
Detecting outliers beyond tolerance limits derived from statistical process control in patient‐specific quality assurance
Authors: Tan Hong Qi , Lew Kah Seng , Wong Yun Ming , Chong Wen Chuan , Koh Calvin Wei Yang , Chua Clifford Ghee Ann , Yeap Ping Lin , Ang Khong Wei , Lee James Cheow Lei , Park Sung Yong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundTolerance limit is defined on pre‐treatment patient specific quality assurance results to identify “out of the norm” dose discrepancy in plan. An out‐of‐tolerance plan during measurement can often cause treatment delays especially if replanning is required. In this study, we aim to develop an outlier detection model to identify out‐of‐tolerance plan early during treatment planning phase to mitigate the above‐mentioned risks.MethodsPatient‐specific quality assurance results with portal dosimetry for stereotactic body radiotherapy measured between January 2020 and December 2021 were used in this study. Data were divided into thorax and pelvis sites and gamma passing rates were recorded using 2%/2 mm, 2%/1 mm, and 1%/1 mm gamma criteria. Statistical process control method was used to determine six different site and criterion‐specific tolerance and action limits. Using only the inliers identified with our determined tolerance limits, we trained three different outlier detection models using the plan complexity metrics extracted from each treatment field—robust covariance, isolation forest, and one class support vector machine. The hyperparameters were optimized using the F1‐score calculated from both the inliers and validation outliers’ data.Results308 pelvis and 200 thorax fields were used in this study. The tolerance (action) limits for 2%/2 mm, 2%/1 mm, and 1%/1 mm gamma criteria in the pelvis site are 99.1% (98.1%), 95.8% (91.1%), and 91.7% (86.1%), respectively. The tolerance (action) limits in the thorax site are 99.0% (98.7%), 97.0% (96.2%), and 91.5% (87.2%). One class support vector machine performs the best among all the algorithms. The best performing model in the thorax (pelvis) site achieves a precision of 0.56 (0.54), recall of 1.0 (1.0), and F1‐score of 0.72 (0.70) when using the 2%/2 mm (2%/1 mm) criterion.ConclusionThe model will help the planner to identify an out‐of‐tolerance plan early so that they can refine the plan further during the planning stage without risking late discovery during measurement.
Wafer‐Scale Epitaxial Growth of the Thickness‐Controllable Van Der Waals Ferromagnet CrTe2 for Reliable Magnetic Memory Applications
Authors: Liu Xinqi , Huang Puyang , Xia Yunyouyou , Gao Lei , Liao Liyang , Cui Baoshan , Backes Dirk , van der Laan Gerrit , Hesjedal Thorsten , Ji Yuchen , Chen Peng , Zhang Yifan , Wu Fan , Wang Meixiao , Zhang Junwei , Yu Guoqiang , Song Cheng , Chen Yulin , Liu Zhongkai , Yang Yumeng , Peng Yong , Li Gang , Yao Qi , Kou Xufeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo harness the intriguing properties of 2D van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnets (FMs) for versatile applications, the key challenge lies in the reliable material synthesis for scalable device production. Here, the epitaxial growth of single‐crystalline 1T‐CrTe2 thin films on 2‐inch sapphire substrates are demonstrated. Benefiting from the uniform surface energy of the dangling bond‐free Al2O3(0001) surface, the layer‐by‐layer vdW growth mode is observed right from the initial growth stage, which warrants precise control of the sample thickness beyond three monolayer and homogeneous surface morphology across the entire wafer. Moreover, the presence of the Coulomb interaction at the CrTe2/Al2O3 interface plays an important role in tailoring the anomalous Hall response, and the structural optimization of the CrTe2‐based spin‐orbit torque device leads to a substantial switching power reduction by 54%. The results may lay out a general framework for the design of energy‐efficient spintronics based on configurable vdW FMs.
Functional Polymeric Micromaterials Based on Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens
Authors: Chen Shusheng , Han Ting , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAggregate materials have attracted tremendous attention because of their modified or totally different properties compared with their molecular counterparts. Among various mesoscopic aggregate materials, polymeric micromaterials possess the advantages of diverse structures and flexible manufacturing, enabling them to serve as excellent carriers for aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) and good platforms for the research of aggregate science. In recent years, polymeric micromaterials constructed from AIEgens have witnessed rapid development and show great application potential in various fields, such as environmental sensing, multicolor displaying, and energy conversion. This review summarizes the recent progress on the design, preparation, structure, and applications of AIEgen‐based polymeric micromaterials. According to the structure features, AIEgen‐based polymeric micromaterials are divided into three categories, including microsphere, microfiber, and other‐shaped microparticles. The most representative examples in each category are highlighted by focusing on their subdivision structures such as solid microsphere, porous microsphere, microcapsule, microfiber doped‐ or coated with AIEgens, and core–shell microfiber. Finally, the challenges and prospects in this research field are also discussed. It is hoped that this review can provide readers with an overall view on the development of AIEgen‐based polymeric micromaterials and boost their further research.
Phase Segregation and Voltage Loss Mitigated Highly Efficient Perovskite–Organic Tandem Solar Cells with a Simple Ambipolar SnOx Interconnecting Layer
Authors: Xie Guanshui , Li Huan , Wang Xin , Fang Jun , Lin Dongxu , Wang Daozeng , Li Sibo , He Sisi , Qiu Longbin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe wide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and narrow‐bandgap organic solar cells (OSCs) integrated tandem solar cells (TSCs) show great potential for overwhelming single junction structure, especially the advantage of applying orthogonal solvents for allowing solution processed of each subcell. However, the WBG perovskite with high Br content suffers from serious phase segregation and voltage loss. The commonly used interconnection layer (ICL) in TSCs requires a vacuum‐deposited thin metal recombination layer leading to remarkable optical loss. Herein, WBG perovskite with a bandgap of 1.77 eV yields an impressive open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.33 V and a minimum voltage loss of 0.44 V by an elaborate dielectric interface structure reducing the interfacial recombination. Furthermore, the WBG perovskite with a simple SnOX buffer layer exhibits significantly suppressed phase segregation and improved performance. Consequently, a simplified buffer layer based on the SnOX that serves as the ICL in perovskite–organic TSCs contributing enhanced light harvesting in the near‐infrared region is developed, yielding an efficiency of 22.31%. The simplified ICL that does not involve a metal layer is a potential strategy for scalable and flexible perovskite‐based TSCs.
Amphibious Polymer Materials with High Strength and Superb Toughness in Various Aquatic and Atmospheric Environments
Authors: Wan Hongbo , Wu Baohu , Hou Lei , Wu Peiyi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHerein, the fabrication of amphibious polymer materials with outstanding mechanical performances, both underwater and in the air is reported. A polyvinyl alcohol/poly(2‐methoxyethylacrylate) (PVA/PMEA) composite with multiscale nanostructures is prepared by combining solvent exchange and thermal annealing strategies, which contributes to nanophase separation with rigid PVA‐rich and soft PMEA‐rich phases and high‐density crystalline domains of PVA chains, respectively. Benefiting from the multiscale nanostructure, the PVA/PMEA hydrogel demonstrates excellent stability in harsh (such as acidic, alkaline, and saline) aqueous solutions, as well as superior mechanical behavior with a breaking strength of up to 34.8 MPa and toughness of up to 214.2 MJ m−3. Dehydrating the PVA/PMEA hydrogel results in an extremely robust plastic with a breaking strength of 65.4 MPa and toughness of 430.9 MJ m−3. This study provides a promising phase–structure engineering route for constructing high‐performance polymer materials for complex load‐bearing environments.
Interplay of Consecutive Energy Transfer and Negative Thermal Expansion Property for Achieving Superior Anti‐Thermal Quenching Luminescence
Authors: Jahanbazi Forough , Dimakis Nicholas , Mao Yuanbing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLuminescence thermal quenching (TQ) is one of the most critical problems to be solved for further improvement of phosphors’ applications in lighting and many other fields. Herein, a novel strategy is demonstrated to achieve outstanding anti‐TQ performance with a substantial enhancement of Eu3+ red emission at 613 nm from Sc2MO3O12:Tb3+,Eu3+ phosphor. Its anti‐TQ performance is endowed by dual energy transfer (ET) pathways and intensified by the negative thermal expansion (NTE) property of the Sc2MO3O12 host. Remarkably, the photoluminescence (PL) emission intensity of Eu3+ from Sc2MO3O12:20%Eu3+,2%Tb3+ phosphor at 648 K reaches 507.3% of the initial intensity taken at 298 K. The lifetime of Eu3+ emission at 613 nm elongates with increasing measurement temperature. The experimental data and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the host structure shrinkage via NTE leads to the thermally boosted Eu3+ red emission by intensifying the consecutive ET and confinement of the absorption light. The potential of this phosphor as a dual‐mode high temperature thermometer based on both emission lifetime and intensity ratio read‐out modes is realized. This work provides inspiration to combine multiple strategies to achieve broad and dramatic anti‐TQ phosphors with enhanced performance for various optical applications.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Orthopedic Diseases: Recent Advances and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Wang Xinwen , Tian Haodong , Yang Xinquan , Zhao Hongmou , Liang Xiaojun , Li Yi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEver since the first application of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation treating human hematologic malignancies in 1995, MSC‐based treatments have demonstrated great therapeutic potential in clinical settings. However, only a few MSC‐based cell therapy products have been clinically approved. Accumulating evidence suggests that the beneficial effects of MSCs are mainly attributed to the release of paracrine factors or extracellular vesicles (EVs) rather than their mesodermal differentiation potential. Therefore, MSC‐derived EVs (MSC‐EVs), such as exosomes and microvesicles, have merged as promising alternatives to traditional cell‐based therapeutics in clinical practice. They offer several advantages such as better safety, lower immunogenicity, protection of cargoes from degradation, and the ability to overcome biological barriers. Moreover, there have been multiple clinical studies exploring the potential of MSC‐EVs for treating various diseases, including orthopedic disorders. However, there is no definitive “cure” for conditions such as osteoporosis and other bone disorders, but MSC‐EVs have displayed significant therapeutic potential for these orthopedic ailments. Therefore, the objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of current knowledge related to MSC‐EVs and emphasize their potential application in treating orthopedic diseases, such as bone defects, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, intervertebral disc degeneration, osteosarcoma, and osteoradionecrosis.
Sensorized Skin With Biomimetic Tactility Features Based on Artificial Cross‐Talk of Bimodal Resistive Sensory Inputs
Authors: Georgopoulou Antonia , Hardman David , Thuruthel Thomas George , Iida Fumiya , Clemens Frank 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTactility in biological organisms is a faculty that relies on a variety of specialized receptors. The bimodal sensorized skin, featured in this study, combines soft resistive composites that attribute the skin with mechano‐ and thermoreceptive capabilities. Mimicking the position of the different natural receptors in different depths of the skin layers, a multi‐layer arrangement of the soft resistive composites is achieved. However, the magnitude of the signal response and the localization ability of the stimulus change with lighter presses of the bimodal skin. Hence, a learning‐based approach is employed that can help achieve predictions about the stimulus using 4500 probes. Similar to the cognitive functions in the human brain, the cross‐talk of sensory information between the two types of sensory information allows the learning architecture to make more accurate predictions of localization, depth, and temperature of the stimulus contiguously. Localization accuracies of 1.8 mm, depth errors of 0.22 mm, and temperature errors of 8.2 °C using 8 mechanoreceptive and 8 thermoreceptive sensing elements are achieved for the smaller inter‐element distances. Combining the bimodal sensing multilayer skins with the neural network learning approach brings the artificial tactile interface one step closer to imitating the sensory capabilities of biological skin.
Giant Spin‐Orbit Torque in Sputter‐Deposited Bi Films
Authors: Kim Sumin , Lee Hyun‐Woo , Choi Gyung‐Min 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBismuth (Bi) has the strongest spin‐orbit coupling among non‐radioactive elements and is thus a promising material for efficient charge‐to‐spin conversion. However, previous electrical detections have reported controversial results for the conversion efficiency. In this study, an optical detection of a spin‐orbit torque is reported in a Bi/CoFeB bilayer with a polycrystalline texture of (012) and (003). Taking advantage of the optical detection, spin‐orbit torque is accurately separated from the Oersted field and achieves a giant damping‐like torque efficiency of +0.5, verifying efficient charge‐to‐spin conversion. This study also demonstrates a field‐like torque efficiency of −0.1. For the mechanism of the charge‐to‐spin conversion, the bulk spin Hall effect and the interface Rashba‐Edelstein effect are considered.
To Be or Not to Be – Is MgSc2Se4 a Mg‐Ion Solid Electrolyte?
Authors: Glaser Clarissa , Wei Zhixuan , Indris Sylvio , Klement Philip , Chatterjee Sangam , Ehrenberg Helmut , Zhao‐Karger Zhirong , Rohnke Marcus , Janek Jürgen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMagnesium batteries offer promising potential as next‐generation sustainable energy‐storage solutions due to the high theoretical capacity of the magnesium metal anode. Facilitating dendrite‐free operation of metal anodes necessitates the development of solid electrolytes with high magnesium‐ion conductivity. While the chalcogenide spinel MgSc2Se4 is predicted to exhibit high magnesium ion mobility, unequivocal experimental evidence for magnesium ion conduction beyond short‐range motion is still missing. This study confirms magnesium‐ion transport in MgSc2Se4 through two independent electrochemical methods: electrochemical deposition of magnesium metal and reversible magnesium plating/stripping cycling. To overcome the difficulty of measuring the ionic conductivity of the mixed conducting MgSc2Se4 spinel, a pure ion conducting interlayer is employed in a symmetric transference cell. This approach effectively suppresses the electron transport, allowing accurate characterization of the ionic conductivity. The experimental results confirm a low migration barrier of (386 ± 24) meV for magnesium ion transport in MgSc2Se4 and demonstrate one of the best performances at room temperature among the reported inorganic magnesium solid electrolytes. The findings open a new door for exploring additional mixed magnesium ion conductors and highlight the potential of magnesium chalcogenide spinels as a promising class of magnesium solid electrolytes.
Intermediate Confinement for Selective Ammonia Electrosynthesis from Nitrate on Robust Mesoporous Metal Catalysts
Authors: Sun Lizhi , Yao Huiqin , Jia Fengrui , Wang Yanzhi , Liu Ben 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMesoporous metals have received massive research interests in catalysis and electrocatalysis due to their unique structural features. However, most studies have focused on enhancing activity with much less focus on promoting selectivity. Here, it is reported that the design of bimetallic palladium‐copper (PdCu) alloys at mesoscopic level is a reliable and robust strategy to confine the reaction intermediate and thus boost nitrate reduction reaction (NITRR) electrocatalysis for selective NH3 electrosynthesis. The optimized PdCu mesoporous nanospheres (MSs) disclose a high electrocatalytic NO3−‐to‐NH3 performance with NH3 Faradaic efficiency () of 85%, yield rate of 3058 µg h−1 mg−1, energy efficiency of 31%, and multi‐turn stability. The combination of surface analysis and experimental techniques reveals that the high NO3−‐to‐NH3 performance results from highly penetrated and active mesoporous channels of PdCu MSs that not only kinetically facilitate the adsorption and reactivity of NO3− but also enhance the confinement of key intermediate (NO2−) toward an eight‐electron NITRR pathway for selective NH3 electrosynthesis. More importantly, in accompany with compositional control, trimetallic PdCuRu alloy MSs disclose a superior of 95% and an impressive NH3 yield rate of 8518 µg h−1 mg−1 for selective NO3−‐to‐NH3 electroreduction.