bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction and Validation of Risk Factors and Prognostic Model for Liver Metastasis of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Zhang Ziwan , Shi Yiheng , Li Renjun , Bao Zhiyuan , Wu Lihong , Zhao Yanchao , Fan Haohan , Wang Kai , Fei Sujuan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a common malignancy that often metastasizes to the liver. The presence of liver metastasis (LM) in PC significantly impacts treatment selection and prognosis, but factors affecting the occurrence and prognosis of pancreatic cancer with liver metastasis (PCLM) are not well described.
Methods
Patients diagnosed with PC between 2010 and 2015 were selected from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Independent risk factors for PCLM were identified using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Independent prognostic factors affecting the overall survival (OS) of PCLM patients were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression, and two nomograms were constructed to predict the risk and prognosis of PCLM. Nomograms were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, C-index, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA).
Results
Multivariate logistic regression showed that age, primary site, grade, histological subtype, N stage, radiotherapy, surgery, bone metastasis, and lung metastasis were independent risk factors for PCLM. Multivariable COX regression showed that age, grade, histological subtype, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and lung metastasis were independent prognostic factors for PCLM. Diagnostic and prognostic nomograms were constructed based on the ROC curves, C-index, calibration curves and DCA curves, and both nomograms showed good predictive performance and clinical utility.
Conclusion
The two nomograms constructed in this study exhibit good predictive performance in the risk and prognosis of PCLM and may thus serve as a guide for future clinical management of PCLM.
Pheromone screening and neuro-endocrine regulation in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) under different stocking density
Authors: Li Jiyuan , Wang Yanfeng , Guo Teng , Xu Shihong , Gao Guang , Liu Feng , Guo Xiaoyang , Wu Yanduo , Zhao Haixia , Li Jun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPheromones play a vital role in regulating fish behavior, including reproduction, aggregation, hazard recognition, and food location. To gain a better understanding of chemical communication in fish produced by density changes, this study analyzed the metabolites released by turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) under different stocking density and investigated their effects on the neuroendocrine function of turbot. The experiment was conducted at low (LD: 3.01 kg/m3), medium (MD: 6.62 kg/m3), and high (HD: 10.84 kg/m3) densities for 15 days. High-throughput non-targeted metabolomics (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify variations in metabolites released into the aquatic environment by turbot at different densities. Results showed that 29 and 47 metabolites were significantly upregulated in MD and HD groups, respectively, compared with the LD group. Among them, hexadecanedioic acid, xanthine, phenethylamine, proline, and styrene were significantly upregulated in MD vs LD, HD vs MD, and HD vs LD. The VIP diagram of OPLS-DA alignment showed that phenethylamine was the most important metabolite shared by MD vs LD, HD vs MD, and HD vs LD. To investigate the impact of phenethylamine on turbot, its concentration in the aquatic environment was set at 0 (CON), 10− 7(LP), 10− 5(HP) mol/l via exogenous addition, and turbot were exposed to these environments for 2 days. Key genetic changes in the GH/IGF-1 signaling pathway, HPI axis of turbot were studied using qRT-PCR for density treatment and phenethylamine treatment. The results demonstrated that the expression of GH, GHR, and IGF-1 was significantly lower, while the expression of CRH and ACTH was higher in the HD group. Additionally, plasma levels of cortisol, glucose, triglycerides, and T3were also highest in the HD group compared to the LD and MD groups and were positively correlated with density. In the phenethylamine treatment, there was a high degree of concordance between the GH/IGF-1 signaling pathway (GH, GHR, IGF-1), HPI axis (CRH, ACTH) and plasma physiological changes (cortisol, glucose, triglycerides, T3) in the phenethylamine-treated group and the density-treated group. Thus, phenethylamine produced by turbot under high stocking density may act as a pheromone of density stress, and its effect is dose-dependent and trace effect.
Controllable deformations of unconstrained ideal nematic elastomers
Authors: Mihai L. Angela , Goriely Alain 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We establish that, for ideal unconstrained uniaxial nematic elastomers described by a homogeneous isotropic strain-energy density function, the only smooth deformations that can be controlled by the application of surface tractions only and are universal in the sense that they are independent of the strain-energy density are those for which the gradient is constant and the liquid crystal director is either aligned uniformly or oriented randomly in Cartesian coordinates. This result generalizes the classical Ericksen’s theorem for non-linear homogeneous isotropic hyperelastic materials. While Ericksen’s theorem is directly applicable to liquid crystal elastomers in an isotropic phase where the director is oriented randomly, in a nematic phase, the constitutive strain-energy density must account also for the liquid crystal orientation which leads to significant differences in the analysis compared to the purely elastic counterpart.
FFDNet:Fine-Grained Facial Expression Recognition in Challenging Environments
Authors: He Yujun , Han Yongguo , Zhang Hongying 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Facial expression recognition has made significant progress. However, it still faces challenges in wild environments due to factors such as occlu-sion and posture changes. To address this challenge, the paper proposes a robust framework for facial expression recognition, Feature Fusion and Feature Decomposition Net. Specifically, for the differences in face region scales, multi-scale feature fusion is used in the feature extraction stage to obtain region features of different scales. The fine-grained module decomposes the features into multiple fine-grained features, and the encoder is used to capture the features with discriminative ability and small differences. To improve feature diversity and reduce redundancy, Diversity Feature Loss is proposed to drive the model to extract features with low correlation and mine richer fine-grained features. The results of extensive experiments on a benchmark dataset for facial expression recognition show that FFDNet achieves superior performance compared to some excellent models, in particular demonstrating significant advantages in the complex occlusion and pose variation situations.
Long distance charging behaviour and range anxiety: An adaptive choice design approach
Authors: Thorhauge Mikkel , Rich Jeppe , Mabit Stefan E. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

This paper presents a novel adaptive stated choice experiment formulated as a rolling choice design to capture range anxiety during long-distance travel. It is assumed that respondents have a forward-looking perspective allowing them to select from a set of charging alternatives along the route or postpone charging for a later choice stage. Based on these data, we develop a mixed logit model that reveals several interesting findings. First, we quantify a relationship between the probability to charge and the remaining battery range. Secondly, we find that range anxiety, and thereby battery utilisation between recharges is indeed a heterogeneous quantity that varies among user groups. Tesla drivers and individuals below 50 years of age are less prone to range anxiety compared to other segments. Finally, the results suggest that charging at the early stages of a trip is indeed likely even when the battery level is high.
Multi-Disease Recognition in Tomato Plants: Evaluating the Performance of CNN and Improved YOLOv7 Models for Accurate Detection and Classification
Authors: Umar Muhammad , Altaf Saud , Sattar Kashif , Somroo Muhammad Waseem , Sivakumar Sivaramakrishnan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The ability to accurately identify tomato leaves in a field setting is crucial for achieving early yield estimation. It may be difficult to determine exactly what diseases are affecting tomato plants due to the overlap in symptoms between different diseases. These are the earliest signs of disease that we found in the leaves of tomato plants. Yellow leaf curl virus, leaf mold, light blight, early blight, Mosaic virus, Septoria leaf spot, and bacterial spot are just some of the seven types of plant leaf diseases that were taken into account in this paper. For the development of a testbed environment for data acquisition, the greenhouse at the university was utilized for data on the leaves of tomato plants. This study proposes a target detection model based on the improved YOLOv7 to accurately detect and categorize tomato leaves in the field. To improve the model's feature extraction capabilities, we first incorporate the detection mechanisms SimAM and DAiAM into the framework of the baseline YOLOv7 network. To reduce the amount of information lost during the down-sampling process, the max-pooling convolution (MPConv) structure is then improved. After that, this model arrived at a satisfactory outcome. Then, the image is segmented using the SIFT technique for classification, and the key regions are extracted for use in calculating feature values. After that, these data points are sent to a CNN classifier, which has a 98.8% accuracy rate and a 1.2% error rate. Finally, we compare our study to previous research to show how useful the proposed work is and to provide backing for the concept.
Metal objects were much desired. A 16 th -century shipwreck cargo off the coast of Esposende (Portugal) and the importance of studying ship cargos
Authors: Casimiro Tania , Castro Filipe , Almeida Ana , Magalhães Ivone , Teixeira Elsa , Frias-Bulhosa Elisa , Dostal Chris 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
During winter storms in 2014 and 2017, strong waves threw hundreds of timbers and artefacts into the Belinho beach in the North of Portugal. These were the remains of what was later discovered to be a 16th -century shipwreck, probably originating from Northern Europe. This paper aims to study the material culture associated with that site, mainly formed by hundreds of pewter, brass, lead, iron, and stone artefacts, discussing the importance of studying cargo. Most of these objects seem to have belonged to the ship’s shipment and are tied to a European trade system reflecting economic, cultural, and symbolic behaviours.
Effects of air ventilation cap on the calibration uncertainty of air thermometers in climate chamber
Authors: Kim Yong-Gyoo , Kwon Suyong , Kim Sunghun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Accurate and reliable air temperature measurements are essential in many scientific and industrial applications. The calibration of temperature sensors in a climatic chamber is a commonly used method of ensuring the accuracy of temperature measurements. This paper presents an experimental study aimed at evaluating the effects of chamber ventilation on the uncertainty of air temperature thermometers. Three types of sensors were used with a nominal resistance of 100 Ω, and with different thicknesses of 0.5 mm, 3 mm and 6 mm; the stability of each thermometer was measured at six temperatures ranging from − 40 ℃ to 60 ℃. The temperature stability of the thermometer improved significantly below 0 ℃ when a ventilation cap was applied to control the ventilation speed to a lower level inside the cap. This effect was dramatic with smallest diameter of thermometer, which showed fastest response behavior. The expanded uncertainty without a ventilation cap for the D0.5 sample at − 40 ℃ was 1.08 ℃, and decreased to approximately 0.24 ℃ with a ventilation cap. Air ventilation had no distinct effects on the temperature stability above 20 ℃ due to the enhanced control accuracy of the chamber. In conclusion, measurement uncertainty could be considerably reduced by appropriate control of the air circulation in the chamber, even under conditions of poor temperature stability in the chamber.
Mechanism of Hard Rock Static Blasting-induced Crack Expansion
Authors: Xu Zhijun , Cao Yue , Li Chong , Tai Lianhai , He Sifeng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
How to deal with hard rock cheaply and safely is a pressing issue in today's coal mining. Weakening fractures in hard rock have always been a significant concern in China's coal mine engineering. In this study, the mechanism of a crusher fracturing hard rock is examined from a mechanical standpoint based on the static crusher component action and the expansion mechanism of the hydration reaction. It is assumed that single-hole fracturing is divided into three fracturing stages: the microfracture stage, the fissure development stage, and the rupture stage. It was determined that the expansion pressure of SCA increased with the increase in hole diameter under the hole diameter range of 30 mm-45 mm, and the range of the expansion pressure was 43.5 MPa-75.1 MPa; the reasonable use of SCA was summarized; and the expansion and fracturing properties of SCA were quantitatively analyzed based on the expansion pressure test and single-hole specimen fracturing experiments; Three fractures, typically in the form of "D-type damage, were the hallmark of expansion cracking in single-hole specimens. SAC cracking began later, but the breaking rate was still rather significant. PFC2D was used to mimic the expansion fracturing of a single-hole specimen without peripheral pressure, which matched the experimental fracturing result and demonstrated the viability of using PFC to replicate SAC fracturing. Analysis of double-hole specimens with varying hole diameters, hole spacings, and circumferential pressures under expansion revealed that the hole diameters were positively correlated with the cracking effect, the hole spacings and circumferential pressures were negatively correlated with the cracking effect, and the hole diameters were also positively correlated with the crack extension and distribution characteristics. Combining the findings from experimental and numerical research, it can be said that the pore size of SCA plays a dominating role in the fracturing impact and that the second largest influences are pore spacing and surrounding pressure.
Stereopsis and Clinical Features of Esotropia Patients Accompanied by Congenital Ptosis
Authors: Choi Heeyoung , Kim Su-Jin , Kim Sang Yoon , Yang Seungahn , Lee Ji-Eun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
To evaluate binocular function and clinical features in patients with esotropia (ET) accompanied by congenital ptosis.
Methods
Clinical records of 44 ET patients with congenital ptosis (ET-ptosis group) and 71 age-matched ET patients without ptosis (ET only group) who presented for eye examination between January 2016 and December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), magnitude of esodeviation (at a distance and near) and stereopsis at the first visit were reviewed. Stereopsis and other clinical features of the two groups were compared.
Results
The mean (± standard deviation) age of overall patients was 5.7 (± 1.9) years. There was no significant difference in the distribution of age, sex, spherical equivalent refractive errors, BCVA, or magnitude of esotropia (at distance or near) between the two groups (all p > 0.05). Furthermore, stereopsis at near and the number of patients with amblyopia did not differ significantly between the two groups (Titmus test, p = 0.73; Randot test, p = 0.49; number of amblyopia patients, n = 16 (36.4%) vs. n = 35 (49.3%), p = 0.39). Of these patients, 51 (44.3%) had amblyopia. The number of ptosis patients did not differ significantly between the amblyopia group and the no amblyopia group (p = 0.12).
Conclusion
In patients with ET and congenital ptosis, stereopsis and visual acuity were not different from those in ET only patients. The presence of co-existing ptosis might not have a further deleterious impact on binocular function in ET patients.
Spectral change of curcumin in DMSO-NaOH solution after exposure to air
Authors: Roy Bahnishikha , Singha Joydeep , Goswami Santanu , Saikia Jyoti Prasad 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Curcumin (CurH3) forms a blue derivative (CurH2−) when it combines with superoxide radicals. The blue colouring is caused by the proton loss of curcumin to the superoxide radicals. In DMSO, in the presence of excess NaOH and dissolved oxygen, superoxide radicals are produced by consuming the hydroxyl ion which causes the deprotonation of curcumin (Cur3−) and gives the corresponding orange colour. The production of superoxide radicals increased as it was more exposed to air (maybe oxygen). As a result, the pH drops, and the orange derivative is protonated by one H+ ion, producing the corresponding blue colour derivative (CurH2−). The conversion of the orange derivate to the blue derivative may suggest the presence of oxygen in the surrounding atmosphere, allowing the feasibility of a novel oxygen sensor. The physicochemical characteristics and stability of this blue-coloured curcumin derivative are investigated. The distinct colour shifts of curcumin upon the addition of different volumes of NaOH were also investigated. The UV-Vis and FTIR analyses were used to study the stability of the blue curcumin derivative.
Knowledge, awareness and attitude towards keratorefractive surgery among myopes at Eye foundation hospital group, Nigeria
Authors: AGU Obiajulu Chidubem , Olatunbosun Kareem , OKONKWO Ogugua , Ashaye Abimbola , EBIEM Peter 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The objective of the study was to determine the knowledge, awareness and attitude towards keratorefractive surgery among myopes attending Eye Foundation Hospital Group (EFHG)
MATERIALS & METHODS
A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among consecutive consenting new patients diagnosed with any form of myopia at Eye foundation hospital group. Interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews and focused group discussions were used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, awareness and attitude towards keratorefractive surgery.
RESULTS
Three hundred and two participants were enrolled into the study with mean age of 30.48 ± 8.44 years and an age range of 18 years to 57 years. Two hundred and seventeen (72%) of the participants had not heard about keratorefractive surgery before while 82 (27%) of the participants had heard about it, with social media (62.2%) contributing more to the awareness than the ophthalmologist (35.4%) and optometrist (17.1%). The odds of awareness of keratorefractive surgical procedures increased with urban place of residence (OR = 2.710, 95%CI 1.197–6.137; p = 0.017) and higher income (OR = 2.579, 95%CI 1.309–5.081; p = 0.006). Keratorefractive surgery was also viewed as risky, surgery for the financially privileged and needless.
CONCLUSION
There was relative low awareness and negative attitude to keratorefractive surgical services in this study and the significant predictors of awareness of keratorefractive surgery were urban residence and annual income of at least 1,000,000. There is a need for patient education to improve awareness and attitude towards keratorefractive surgery.
Synchronization of Two Symmetric Bones of the Human Body for Control of Bone Cancer
Authors: Abadi Ali Soltani Sharif , Rafeeyan Mansour , Abootalebi Vahid 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The human body has symmetric bones. This paper uses control engineering concepts to design a suitable controller to synchronize two symmetric bones of the human body to control and treat bone cancer. A Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control (NTSMC) method will be employed to design the proposed control inputs. The control inputs can be the chemical drugs that can be used to treat bone cancer. The dynamical equations of bone cancer will be used to apply the designed control method and test it. For testing the designed controller, Simulink/MATLAB software will be used. The proposed controller is chattering-free, robust against uncertainties and external disturbances, and finite-time stable in the control engineering view. Bone cancer will be treated for almost one year using the proposed control method.
The carbon dioxide removal gap
Authors: Lamb William , Gasser Thomas , Grassi Giacomo , Gidden Matthew , Powis Carter , Geden Oliver , Nemet Gregory , Pratama Yoga , Riahi Keywan , Smith Stephen M , Steinhauser Jan , Vaughan Naomi E. , Minx Jan C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Rapid emissions reductions, including reductions in deforestation-based land emissions, are the dominant source of global mitigation potential in the coming decades 1. But in addition, carbon dioxide removal (CDR) will have an important role to play. Here we benchmark proposed CDR in the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and the long-term mitigation strategies against levels in integrated assessment scenarios that meet the temperature goal of the Paris Agreement. Our analysis finds a “CDR gap”, i.e. levels proposed by countries fall short of those in virtually all scenarios that limit warming to 1.5°C - including in low energy demand scenarios with the most limited CDR scaling and aggressive near-term emissions reductions. Further, we observe that many countries propose to expand land-based removals, but none yet commit to significantly scaling novel methods such as bioenergy carbon capture and storage, biochar, or direct air carbon capture and storage.
Potenziale und Herausforderungen von Forschungssynthesen im Kontext der Digitalisierung im Bildungsbereich am Beispiel des Critical Reviews
Authors: Heinemann Anna , Koschorreck Jan , Wilmers Annika , Sander Pia , Leber Jens 
Published: August 2023

Forschungssynthesen haben im Kontext der Digitalisierung im Bildungsbereich, u. a. im Hinblick auf die hohe Dynamik der Entwicklungen und Innovationen ein grosses Potenzial, systematische Überblicke über den aktuellen Stand zu geben. Sie können damit sowohl für Forschende als auch für Mitglieder der Praxiscommunity von grossem Wert sein. Critical Reviews stellen eine spezifische Form der Forschungssynthese dar, da zusätzlich zu einem strukturierten Überblick die eingeschlossene Literatur kritisch analysiert und eingeordnet wird. Gegebenenfalls schliessen sie dabei an bestehende Konzepte oder Modelle an und können damit ergänzende Perspektiven auf das Forschungsfeld aufzeigen oder zur Modellbildung beitragen. Das Vorgehen orientiert sich dabei an umfassend ausgearbeiteten Systematic Reviews, ermöglicht durch die in den vorgestellten Fallbeispielen verkürzte Bearbeitungszeit aber eine vergleichsweise zeitnahe Reaktion auf aktuelle Bildungsthemen. Die in diesem Beitrag vorgestellten Critical Reviews sind in den Bildungsbereichen Schule und Erwachsenenbildung entstanden. Die Beschreibung der beiden Fallbeispiele sowie die anschliessende Diskussion der methodischen Herausforderungen und Potenziale dienen der Reflexion und Einordnung von Forschungssynthesen, hier am Beispiel des Critical Reviews, im Kontext der Digitalisierung im Bildungsbereich. Zusätzlich werden Implikationen auf der Arbeitsebene reflektiert.