bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of six genomic regions associated with pigment intensity in alpacas
Authors: Gray Naomi , Shah Ishani , Groth David , Munyard Kylie A. 
Published: May 2023

Context Currently, there is a growing consumer demand for more ecologically sustainable practices in the textile industry. Fabric dyeing is highly pollutive, and one way to avoid dyeing is to use naturally coloured fibres. Alpacas exhibit a wide range of fleece colours, thereby making them a good source of fibre for sustainable textile production. Our understanding of the colour genetics of alpacas is improving, but there is still no explanation for all the variation seen in alpaca coat colours. Aims To identify a region or regions in the alpaca genome that contribute to differences in pigment intensity. Methods Colorimetric analysis using L*a*b* colourspace of fibre from white and black alpacas, that had been genotyped using the Neogen Australasia alpaca coat colour test, was used to classify the samples into intense and dilute groups for each colour. Illumina short-read genotyping by sequencing of the DNA from these alpacas was used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms that were subsequently used in a case–control genome-wide association study (GWAS) comparing the extreme dilute and intensely pigmented animals. Key results Intense eumelanic fibre is darker (P = 0.0003), less red (P = 0.004), and more blue (P = 0.001) than is dilute eumelanic fibre. Intense pheomelanic fibre is darker (P = 1 × 10−7), more red (P = 3 × 10−20), and more yellow (P = 2 × 10−6) than is dilute pheomelanic fibre. The GWAS showed six regions of genome-wide significance. After manual inspection of these six regions, the best candidate region was upstream of KITLG, a gene previously associated with pigment intensity in dogs. Conclusions In combination with ASIP genotype, a regulatory mutation in a region upstream of KITLG in alpacas potentially has a major effect on pigment intensity in the species. Implications Successful identification of a marker for pigment intensity will allow breeders to select more precisely for breeding and production animals that will assist them in supplying the desired fibre colours to the textile industry.
A new hard x-ray spectrometer for runaway electron measurements in tokamaks
Authors: Dal Molin A , Nocente M , Dalla Rosa M , Panontin E , Rigamonti D , Tardocchi M , Shevelev A , Khilkevitch E , Iliasova M , Giacomelli L , Gorini G , Perelli Cippo E , D’Isa F , Pautasso G , Papp G , Tardini G , Macusova E , Cerovsky J , Ficker O , Salewski M , Kiptily V 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Runaway electron gamma-ray detection system, a novel hard x-ray (HXR) spectrometer optimized for bremsstrahlung radiation measurement from runaway electrons in fusion plasmas, has been developed. The detector is based on a 1‘×1’ LaBr3:Ce scintillator crystal coupled with a photomultiplier tube. The system has an energy dynamic range exceeding 20 MeV with an energy resolution of 3% at 661.7 keV. The detector gain is stable even under severe loads, with a gain shift that stays below 3% at HXR counting rates in excess of 1 MCps. The performance of the system enables unprecedented studies of the time-dependent runaway electron energy distribution function, as shown in recent runaway electron physics experiments at the ASDEX Upgrade and COMPASS tokamaks.
Dynamic entanglement for continuous variables in an electric field background
Authors: Wu Shu-Min , Li Jin-Xuan , Fan Xiao-Wei , Li Wen-Mei , Huang Xiao-Li , Zeng Hao-Sheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Quantum entanglement is a typical nonclassical correlation. Here, we use this concept to analyze quantum entanglement for continuous variables generated by the Schwinger pair production for constant and pulsed electric fields. An initial two-mode entangled state evolves into a three-mode entangled state through a Gaussian channel of the Schwinger effect, which encodes the information about the Schwinger effect. By detecting the entanglement of the output three-mode state, we obtain the optimal parameters for easier to generate particle–antiparticle pairs. We find that the generated 1 → 2 entanglement is more sensitive to the parameters than the generated 1 → 1 entanglement. Therefore, we should choose the generated 1 → 2 entanglement to extract information. We argue that extracting the optimal parameters from quantum entanglement may guide future experiments.
Injectable cell-laden hydrogels fabricated with cellulose and chitosan nanofibers for bioprinted liver tissues
Authors: Zhang Zilin , Li Qi , Hatakeyama Mayumi , Kitaoka Takuya 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Bio-based hydrogels as three-dimensional (3D) constructs have attracted attention in advanced tissue engineering. Compared with conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture, cells grown in 3D scaffolds are expected to demonstrate the inherent behavior of living organisms of cellular spheroids. Herein, we constructed cell-laden nanofiber-based hydrogels in combination with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCNF) and chitosan nanofiber (CsNF) for bioadaptive liver tissue engineering. The carboxylates of TOCNF and amines of CsNF were directly crosslinked via EDC/NHS chemistry. The rheological properties of the solutions for the nanofibers and hydrogels revealed sufficient physical properties for the injection, printing, and plotting process, as well as significant encapsulation of living cells. As-designed hydrogels exhibited excellent viscoelastic properties with typical shear-thinning behavior, and had a storage modulus of 1234 Pa ± 68 Pa, suitable for cell culture. Non-cytotoxicity was confirmed using a live/dead assay with mouse-derived fibroblast NIH/3T3 cells. Human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells could be cultured on a gel surface (2D environment) and encapsulated in the gel structure (3D environment), which enabled 10 d growth with high gene expression level of albumin of HepG2 spheroids in the 3D gels. The biodegradable cell-laden hydrogels are expected to mimic the cellular microenvironment and provide potential for bioadaptive 3D cell cultures in biomedical applications.
Light propagation in (
2+1
)-dimensional electrodynamics: the case of nonlinear constitutive laws
Authors: Bittencourt Eduardo , Brandão Elliton O S , Goulart Érico 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We scrutinize the geometrical properties of light propagation inside a hypothetical nonlinear medium modeled by a fully covariant electromagnetic theory in (

2
+
1

)-dimensions. After setting the local and nonlinear constitutive relations, the phase velocity and the polarization of the waves are derived and three special cases are analyzed in detail. In particular, we show that this version of electromagnetism in low dimensions may present phenomena such as one-way propagation and controlled opacity, among others, for a large class of dielectric and magneto-electric parameters.
In Search of Calcifications : Histologic Analysis and Diagnostic Yield of Stereotactic Core Needle Breast Biopsies
Authors: Yilmaz Fazilet , Hacking Sean M , Donegan Linda , Wang Lijuan , Yakirevich Evgeny , Wang Yihong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Stereotactic core needle biopsy (SCNB) is used in the diagnostic assessment of suspicious mammographic calcifications to rule out breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). With advances in imaging technology and increased biopsy tissue volume, the detection rate of calcifications and DCIS in SCNB is unclear.

Methods
This retrospective study included 916 consecutive SCNBs for calcifications performed on 893 patients in a 2-year period.

Results
We found the cancer detection rate was 27.1% (DCIS, 23.7%; invasive, 3.4%). The detection rate for calcifications was 74.8% with the standard 3 levels. Additional leveling of calcification-negative cases further increased the detection of both calcifications (to 99.4% of cases) and DCIS (to 32.9% of cases). Lobular neoplasia (LN) was diagnosed in 41 cases. Twenty-five (61.0%) cases of LN were incidental without associated calcification. Of 32 invasive carcinomas detected on SCNB, 87.5% were T1a or less, and calcifications were associated with atypical ductal hyperplasia/DCIS or LCIS. The common benign lesions associated with calcifications were fibrocystic change (32.5%), fibroadenomatous change (30.2%), and columnar cell change and hyperplasia (8.2%).

Conclusions
We determined the up-to-date detection rates of calcification and DCIS in SCNB, as well as the common benign and malignant breast lesions associated with calcifications. Additional levels significantly increase the detection rate when standard levels show only stromal or scant/absent calcifications. Lobular neoplasia is often an incidental finding in SCNB for calcifications. When calcifications are present with LN, they are commonly florid, pleomorphic LCIS, or with concurrent invasive carcinoma.
Race, Urban Heat, and the Aesthetics of Thermoception
Authors: Hsu Hsuan L 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Drawing on recent research on the intersections of race and atmosphere, this essay considers thermal sensation as a nonrepresentational sensory modality for staging atmospheric racial disparities. I begin with discussions of research on the physical, psychological, and affective consequences of heat exposure and scholarship on the disparities encoded in thermal landscapes—especially “urban heat islands” where Black and Brown communities are disproportionately exposed to extreme temperatures that exacerbate preexisting health vulnerabilities. I consider a range of literary and cultural works by Nella Larsen, Chester Himes, and Spike Lee that represent the physical and affective implications of thermal disparities, and conclude with an extended discussion of the nonrepresentational, embodied affordances of thermal sensation in Rashid Johnson’s restaging of LeRoi Jones’s Dutchman in a Manhattan sauna.What kinds of knowledge and affective involvement might be afforded by a direct, nonrepresentational aesthetics of thermoception? . . . How might an immersive aesthetics of thermoception sensitize audiences to the spatial and atmospheric dynamics of racialization?
Exporting Expertise
Authors: James David 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Literary scholars are understandably keen nowadays to compensate for institutional vulnerability by asserting the field’s indispensability. But they haven’t stopped there. Critics are positioning themselves at the metacritical epicenter of solutions to crises in the humanities at large. Is this a mark of extradisciplinary generosity, a selfless imparting of reformist know-how? Or is the appetite for standing at the heart of cross-disciplinary rejuvenation the latest installment in literary studies’ longstanding enchantment with its own transformative potentiality, reaffirming its unflagging belief in the capacity to matter beyond the shared lexicons and methodological precincts of its own constituents? Provoking these questions, Michael W. Clune’s A Defense of Judgment (2021) and Eric Hayot’s Humanist Reason (2021) offer audacious propositions for revivifying the way we articulate the value of connecting aesthetic experiences and humanist literacies to the production of knowledge. To achieve this, they depend on certain generalizations about the collective behaviors and inclinations that have shaped literary and cultural studies’ fortunes, generalizations that allow them to ascertain not only how aesthetic education and humanist reason, respectively, might contribute to the humanities’ durability, but also how scholars might export their critical and pedagogical expertise far beyond the boundaries of their own discipline.[These] books demonstrate in revealing ways the stakes of literary critics positioning themselves at the source—as the source?—from which urgent arguments flow about the utility and exportability of expertise, about the moral and political valences of critical writing, and about the value of getting a humanist education.
11 Platinum Speciation in Air Samples
Authors: Sanchez Raquel Garcia , Fisher Paul 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The health effects of chloroplatinates are generally well recognised and acknowledged by regulators in both EU and USA (Platinum salt sensitivity). But what about Platinum species? Speciation is essential for valid toxicology assessments and speciation studies are lacking in this respect – it’s known that certain Platinum chloro complexes are more sensitising than others. A method for the separation of platinum chloro-complexes and their hydrolysis products has been developed. The different platinum chemical species are separated into their charged compounds in 0.07 M HCl: [PtCl4]2-, [PtCl6]2-, [PtCl3(H2O)]-, [PtCl5(H2O)]- and a zero charged/ bis-aquo compound. The separation was carried via an ion exchange chromatographic column coupled to a quadrupole ICP-MS for the detection of the different anionic platinum chloro-species. A gradient program consisting of a mixture of HCl and HClO4 was used as eluent to ensure the separation of the species. A process has been developed for the analysis of platinum species extracted from air filters in a PGM facility with JM. Although the methodology for speciation is robust, further work needs to be carried out in terms of alternative sample collection to the air filters such as bubblers as the process of sonication, drying and acid contact on the filters does adversely affect the chemical species in solution. A comparison between Platinum speciation in air filters collected form IOM samplers and bubblers will be included in this presentation. This work will generate data to help characterise different workplaces based on the types of task-based exposure.
28 Evaluation of Work-Related Exposures to the Inhalable and Respirable Dust Fraction and to Respirable Quartz
Authors: Koppisch Dorothea , Arnone Mario , Gabriel Stefan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Dust is found in the entire environment as well as in working areas. When assessing dust exposure at workplaces, measurements on inhalable and respirable dust are performed. Furthermore, quartz is used as an agent or is released in the form of respirable dust in a number of work processes. Between 2005 and 2016, 35,000 measurements on each dust fraction were performed in the “Measurement System for Exposure Assessment” – MGU. In addition, 15,000 measurements on respirable quartz were performed in this data period. These exposure data on the dust fractions and quartz was stored in the IFA exposure-database MEGA. Statistic evaluations of these data were done according to industrial sectors and work areas. Further grouping criteria like the measurement strategy ("personal measurements" and "stationary sampling") and the sampling time (≥ 2 hours and &lt; 2 hours) help to describe the dust and quartz exposure at work places. Dust and quartz exposures occurring in working areas were analysed for about 20 different industrial sector groups like ceramic and glass industry, foundries, or metalworking and mechanical engineering. These sector groups were further divided in individual sectors and typical tasks performed in these sectors. For example, the tasks stone cutting in stone masonry, mixing and filling in the chemical industry or powder coating in the metalworking sector. The statistical evaluations from the MEGA database are published in IFA-reports about the exposure to inhalable and respirable dust and to quartz for prevention and for retrospective considerations.
30 Reference Materials for the Measurement of Metals in Workplace Air
Authors: Breuer Dietmar , Pitzke Katrin , Nürnberger Franziska , Poprizki Jana , Monse Christian , Monz Christian , Wippich Cornelia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
For the production of filters coated with metal oxides an aqueous metal salt solution is injected into a hydrogen/oxygen flame of a particle generator leading to the pyrolysis of the metal salts into nano-scaled metal oxide dust. The particles are introduced into a large sampling chamber (20 m³) via a dust tunnel (20 m). So far, the system was tested for Zn, Cu, Pb, Co, Ni, Mn and In but it should be suitable with all metals obtainable as soluble metal salts. For sample generation an eight-fold sampling system was developed for the GSP sampler. The constancy of the flow rate is assured by critical orifices. Up to fourteen of these systems can be operated to produce 112 samples in parallel. Nevertheless, for the production of a reference material a significantly higher number of samples will be needed. To achieve this aim the environmental conditions of the dust generation have to be stabilized for consecutive runs. The major problem was the temperature rise of the dust channel during the particle generation due to the heat of the flame. An additional heater was installed to work at a constant temperature of 30 °C. Three consecutive filter series were manufactured. The achieved temperature constancy of 30± 0.5 °C makes it possible to combine the successive filter series. The loadings of the combined series were Cobalt: 3.25±0.058 µg/filter, Nickel: 13.78±0.23 µg/filter, Lead: 109.5±3.0, Copper: 9.65 ±0.18 µg/filter and Zinc: 32.66±0.72 µg/filter.
39 Systematic Review of Validation Studies of the ECETOC Targeted Risk Assessment V3 Tool for Worker Exposure Estimation Under Reach
Authors: Urbanus Jan , Li Qiang , Marsh Dave , Henschel Oliver , van de Sandt Paul , Wormuth Matthias , van Rooij Joost , Noij Dook , Money Chris , Welsted Tim , Cuciureana Andreea 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Targeted Risk Assessment tool (TRA) has been widely used since 2010 in the development of REACH registration dossiers for classified chemical substances to estimate worker exposures (inhalation, dermal) across manufacturing and use operations in supply chains in Europe. The TRA is a Tier-1 tool which produces simplified exposure predictions based on limited inputs and intended to be conservative. The current version (3.1) of the TRA was released in 2012 and has been built into ECHA’s CHESAR tool. A number of studies have been published of TRA-generated exposure predictions compared with workplace measurement data and presenting conclusions about the tool performance. Most publications covered only a subset of the tool outputs. A group of ECETOC exposure assessors assembled inventories of published comparisons over the period of 2010-2020 (approximately 120 workplace scenarios for long-term inhalation, 40 scenarios for peak inhalation and 80 scenarios for dermal exposure) to systematically review the tool performance. The analysis has allowed to draw more robust conclusions about the performance of specific aspects of the tool, such as base level estimates and effectiveness of local exhaust ventilation, to either reinforce the conclusions of conservatism (majority of scenarios) or recommend changes to tool settings in a future version (minority of cases) to better match the tool’s intent. A short overview of the comparisons will be presented, as well as the planned changes to the tool settings.
88 Occupational Exposure to Metals Among Battery Recyclers in France: Biomonitoring and External Dose Measurements
Authors: Hanser Ogier , Melczer Mathieu , Remy Aurélie Martin , Ndaw Sophie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In battery-recycling facilities, exposure to trace elements may occur through inhalation of contaminated dust or vapor emanating from the treatment processes. Thus, biomonitoring coupled with air measurements, appeared to be a relevant approach to assess exposure of battery recyclers. While lead exposure has been quite well covered in the literature, in contrast, data on exposure to other elements contained in batteries are lacking. The aim of this study was to characterize the exposure of French battery recyclers to multiple elements using biomonitoring and airborne measurements. Eighty-six workers participated in the study. Pre-shift and post-shift urine samples and personal airborne samples were collected during the working week. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to analyze 7 trace elements in both type of sample: Cd, Co, Cr, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb. Results showed battery recyclers to be mostly exposed to Cd, Co, Li, Mn and Ni. Urinary sample analysis indicated exposure to Cd and Co, with levels measured at up to 27.6 and 3.34 µg/g of creatinine, respectively. Cd, Co, Li, Mn, and Ni were detected at high levels in air samples, especially near the treatment facilities, with airborne cadmium levels of up to 79.4 µg/m3. Administrative and sorting workers were exposed at lower levels than maintenance, treatment, and dismantling workers. The data presented provide valuable information on exposure to trace elements for battery recyclers. They also highlight the need to improve both collective and individual protective measures, which were not sufficient in the participating companies.
72 Elemental Screening of Welding Fumes by Ed-Xrf Using a Standardless Calibration Algorithm
Authors: Butler Owen , Musgrove Darren 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is an ideal analytical technique for rapid elemental analysis in supporting forensic analysis, for exposure assessments and for product compositional analysis. Standardless calibration algorithms are widely used in modern XRF systems so providing, in many cases, near quantitative analysis, without recourse to needing matrix-matched standards. However if available, matrix standards can be used to further improve the performance of such algorithms and so provide better quantitative data. In this presentation, XRF analysis of bulk welding fume samples was performed, in supporting fume compositional studies required for product data sheets, and aided by the analysis of reference welding fume standards previously characterised by ICP-AES.
89 Improvements to a Method for the Determination of Hexavalent Chromium in Workplace Air
Authors: Forder James , Musgrove Darren , Butler Owen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
ISO 16740:2005 specifies an ion chromatographic method for the determination of the time-weighted average mass concentration of hexavalent chromium in workplace air and is applicable to the determination of masses of 0,01 micrograms to 10 micrograms of hexavalent chromium per sample, without dilution. For a nominal 1 cubic metre air sample, this equates to a measurement range of between approximately 0,01 micrograms per cubic metre to 10 micrograms per cubic metre, suitable for assessing exposures in plating or weld shops. However alkaline extractants, required to liberate insoluble chromates from air samples collected in paint shops, can be contaminated with trace levels of chromium thereby negating the inherent sensitivity of this method. Work to address this issue, by sourcing and testing cleaner reagents, will be presented.