bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facial emotion recognition using convolutional neural network based krill head optimisation
Authors: Devi Bhagyashri , Preetha M. Mary Synthuja Jain 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEmotion recognition from facial image expression is always a problem for computer vision algorithms in classifying the human facial emotions. On other hand, over fitting is considered as a fundamental problem that prevents the deep learning model to fit the observed data on training data and unseen data on the test data. In this paper, we develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) based emotion recognition from facial images. Initially the study uses proper background removal tool to remove the image background and secondly, we use CNN to classify the facial features based mainly on the extraction of facial feature vector. The CNN is trained with huge number of facial features from the input images causes over fitting. This is mainly due to noise presence, limited training data size and classifier complexity and to avoid this, the study uses krill herd optimisation (KHO) that enables the fitting of the classifier. The simulation is conducted to test the efficacy of the model with expressional vector that recognizes the five types of facial features. The database consists of 20,000 images collected from 300 persons and the study obtains an accuracy of 98.6% during training and 98.45% during testing. The comparative analysis between various other deep learning models show that the proposed CNN‐KHO has higher rate of accuracy than other methods.
The impact of digital influencers on product/service purchase decision making—An exploratory case study of Portuguese people
Authors: Caiado Fábio , Fonseca Joana , Silva Joana , Neves Soraia , Moreira Ana , Gonçalves Ramiro , Martins José , Branco Frederico , Au‐Yong‐Oliveira Manuel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe growing use of technology and social media has resulted in the emergence of digital influencers, a new profession capable of changing the mentalities and behaviours of those who follow them. This study arises to better understand the potential impact digital influencers might have on the Portuguese population's purchase behaviour and patterns, and for this purpose, seven hypotheses were formulated. An online questionnaire was conducted to respond to these theoretical assumptions and collected data from 175 respondents. A total of 129 valid answers were considered. It was possible to conclude that purchase intention does not necessarily translate into a purchase action. It was also concluded that the relationship between social network use and the purchase of products/services recommended by influencers is only statistically significant for Instagram. Furthermore, the individuals' generation is not statistically significant / linked with purchasing a product/service recommended by influencers. Yet further, a small percentage of respondents have also identified themselves as impulsive shoppers and perceived Instagram as their favourite social network. With the results of this study, it is also possible to state that the influencer's opinion was classified as the last factor considered in the purchase decision process. Additionally, there is a weak negative association between purchasing a product/service recommended by influencers with sponsorship disclosure and remunerated partnership, which decreases credibility and discourages purchasing, in Portugal, a feminine culture which dislikes materialism.
Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merr alleviates tracheal smooth muscle hyperresponsiveness in ovalbumin‐induced allergic‐asthma model in guinea‐pigs: Evidences from ex vivo, in silico and in vivo studies
Authors: Gururani Ritika , Patel Saraswati , Bisht Akansha , Jain Smita , Paliwal Sarvesh , Dwivedi Jaya , Sharma Swapnil 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundTylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merr is a climbing perennial plant reported in Indian traditional system of medicine for its use in allergy and asthma. However, only few scientific studies have been performed in the past to validate its antiasthmatic potential.ObjectivesThe present study deals with investigation of airway smooth muscle relaxant and antiasthmatic potential of extract and subsequent fractions prepared from T. indica.MethodsThe most active fraction of T. indica leaves selected through bio‐guided activity was subjected to liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis for chemical profiling. The binding affinity of identified compounds in fraction towards M3 and H1 receptors was determined by molecular docking study. F‐2 (chloroform fraction prepared from methanolic extract of T. indica leaves) was examined for its smooth muscle relaxant properties using isolated trachea of guinea‐pig. Further, F‐2 was evaluated through in vivo studies employing ovalbumin‐induced asthma model in guinea‐pigs.ResultsF‐2 was found most effective in bioassay‐guided fractionation. Characterization by LC–MS analysis revealed presence of five major bioactive compounds in F‐2 that showed good docking interactions with M3 and H1 receptors. The ex vivo study demonstrated that F‐2 could significantly relax tracheal rings via targeting multiple signalling pathways videlicet, namely, noncompetitive antagonism of the histamine and muscarinic receptors, β2‐adrenergic stimulation and activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase. In in vivo studies, F‐2 ameliorated airway hyperresponsiveness and decreased broncho alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of inflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulin E (IgE).ConclusionThese results confirm the traditional use of T. indica as an antiasthmatic agent which are evidenced through ex vivo, in silico and in vivo studies.
Fatigue design of Additive Manufacturing components through Topology Optimization: Comparison of methodologies based on the defect distribution and on the stress gradient
Authors: Boursier Niutta Carlo , Tridello Andrea , Paolino Davide S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the fatigue design of AM components is addressed through Topology Optimization. Two defect‐driven methodologies, which model the fatigue response in the finite life range and account for the experimental scatter, are compared. The first approach is based on the defect distribution and the marginal P‐S‐N curves. The second method models the size‐effect by accounting for the stress distribution within the loaded material. The two approaches are used to assess the maximum allowable first principal stress, which causes crack propagation. As the fatigue strength depends on the component volume or the stress distribution, an iterative procedure is necessary to determine the optimal design. The optimal topologies of a cantilever beam and of an engine rod are determined and compared, showing that the defect‐distribution method is the most conservative and the stress‐gradient method can also be reliably applied in the case of uniform stress distribution, as in the engine rod. Furthermore, the choice of the volume to retain for the calculation of the fatigue strength in the defect‐distribution method is critical.
The role of small‐scale environmental gradients on trematode infection
Authors: Resetarits Emlyn J. , Byers James E. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Parasitism rates can vary dramatically across large and small spatial scales. Such heterogeneity in infection is driven by variation in environmental factors that influence the probability of host and parasite encountering each other (encounter filters) and of genetic and physiological factors that alter whether that encounter results in a successful infection (compatibility filters). Here, we investigated how infection in first‐intermediate hosts (snails) by trematode parasites is influenced by small‐scale variation in environmental variables (final host relative abundance, nutrients, and temperature) and population origin across multiple ponds within an artificial flow‐through wetland system in Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.

We placed individually marked, lab‐reared F1 generation snails of the same age from three different populations into field enclosures at nine ponds along a 1‐km stretch of connected, flow‐through ponds for 86 days and allowed them to accrue infections naturally. This highly controlled field experiment allowed us to disentangle the underlying factors influencing small‐scale variation in infection risk, which can be masked when looking only at natural patterns of infection prevalence across space.

We found high heterogeneity in infection risk. The probability of infection was highest in ponds downstream and with high levels of bird activity; population origin was not important.

This work provides experimental evidence that infection risk varies across small spatial scales (tens of metres), driven by steep gradients in influential environmental drivers, emphasising the importance of controlled field manipulations to understand infection risk. Identifying small‐scale drivers of infection risk can help mitigate infection in hosts of interest (e.g., humans, fish), and should be acknowledged in organismal field studies, where infection and infection risk may influence the ecology, physiology, or behaviour of animals.
Urbanization shifts long‐term phenology and severity of phytoplankton blooms in an urban lake through different pathways
Authors: Li Yuanrui , Tao Juan , Zhang Yunlin , Shi Kun , Chang Junjun , Pan Min , Song Lirong , Jeppesen Erik , Zhou Qichao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractClimate change can induce phytoplankton blooms (PBs) in eutrophic lakes worldwide, and these blooms severely threaten lake ecosystems and human health. However, it is unclear how urbanization and its interaction with climate impact PBs, which has implications for the management of lakes. Here, we used multi‐source remote sensing data and integrated the Virtual‐Baseline Floating macroAlgae Height (VB‐FAH) index and OTSU threshold automatic segmentation algorithm to extract the area of PBs in Lake Dianchi, China, which has been subjected to frequent PBs and rapid urbanization in its vicinity. We further explored long‐term (2000–2021) trends in the phenological and severity metrics of PBs and quantified the contributions from urbanization, climate change, and also nutrient levels to these trends. When comparing data from 2011–2021 to 2000–2010, we found significantly advanced initiation of PBs (28.6 days) and noticeably longer duration (51.9 days) but an insignificant trend in time of disappearance. The enhancement of algal nutrient use efficiency, likely induced by increased water temperature and reduced nutrient concentrations, presumably contributed to an earlier initiation and longer duration of PBs, while there was a negative correlation between spring wind speed and the initiation of PBs. Fortunately, we found that both the area of the PBs and the frequency of severe blooms (covering more than 19.8 km2) demonstrated downward trends, which could be attributed to increased wind speed and/or reduced nutrient levels. Moreover, the enhanced land surface temperature caused by urbanization altered the thermodynamic characteristics between the land and the lake, which, in turn, possibly caused an increase in local wind speed and water temperature, suggesting that urbanization can differently regulate the phenology and severity of PBs. Our findings have significant implications for the understanding of the impacts of urbanization on PB dynamics and for improving lake management practices to promote sustainable urban development under global change.
An appraisal of the utility of biochar in a rotation involving tobacco–rice in southern China
Authors: He Fan , Hu Wei , He Fei , Wang Pengze , Pi Benyang , Zhao Mingqin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe employment of biochar in crop production can not only improve soil quality, but also helps the field ecosystem to fix carbon and reduce emissions. Although the benefits of their application in crop production have been more and more confirmed, it is not clear when it comes to the acidic soil of tobacco and rice rotation. A tobacco–rice rotation experiment was conducted in southern China to probe the application value of biochar under these conditions. Three biochar application rates were employed in this experiment. BC0 (without biochar), BC25 (25 t ha−1), and BC50 (50 t ha−1). The findings show that biochar significantly boosted soil fertility and crop yields. Meanwhile, the soil organic carbon of tobacco rice rotation field with biochar increased by 31.76%. After a whole growth period of tobacco and rice, the cumulative emission reduction of CO2 and N2O from the soil by biochar were 15,944 kg ha−1 and 1810 g ha−1, respectively. The use of biochar not only significantly improved the bacterial diversity of tobacco and rice rotation soil, but also altered the original microbial community structure. The profusion of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria was reduced and the abundance of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes was enhanced in the treatments with biochar. Among them, Sphingomonadales, Planctomycotes, and Ktedonobacteria, which are beneficial to plant growth and soil health, have become key phylotypes. The carbon balance analysis data show that the net carbon sequestration of the two treatments with biochar is positive, while that of the treatment without biochar is negative. In terms of economic benefit, the application of biochar increased the average of 2.055 CNY kg−1 consumed energy (CE) in the whole tobacco–rice rotation system. The ecological benefit was 0.51 kg C kg−1 CE. In conclusion, biochar can be effectively used in the practice of tobacco–rice rotation and acidic soil improvement in southern China.
Russian Arctic Vegetation Archive—A new database of plant community composition and environmental conditions
Authors: Zemlianskii Vitalii , Ermokhina Ksenia , Schaepman‐Strub Gabriela , Matveyeva Nadezhda , Troeva Elena , Lavrinenko Igor , Telyatnikov Mikhail , Pospelov Igor , Koroleva Natalia , Leonova Nadezhda , Khitun Olga , Walker Donald , Breen Amy , Kadetov Nikita , Lavrinenko Olga , Ivleva Tatiana , Kholod Sergey , Petrzhik Nataliia , Gunin Yakov , Kurysheva Maria , Lapina Anna , Korolev Denis , Kudr Ekaterina , Plekhanova Elena 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMotivationThe goal of the Russian Arctic Vegetation Archive (AVA‐RU) is to unite and harmonize data of plot‐based plant species and their abundance, vegetation structure and environmental variables from the Russian Arctic. This database can be used to assess the status of the Russian Arctic vegetation and as a baseline to document biodiversity changes in the future. The archive can be used for scientific studies as well as to inform nature protection and restoration efforts.Main types of variables containedThe archive contains 2873 open‐access geobotanical plots. The data include the full species. Most plots include information on the horizontal (cover per species and morphological group) and vertical (average height per morphological group) structure of vegetation, site and soil descriptions and data quality estimations. In addition to the open‐access data, the AVA‐RU website contains 1912 restricted‐access plots.Spatial location and grainThe plots of 1–100 m2 size were sampled in Arctic Russia and Scandinavia. Plots in Russia covered areas from the West to the East, including the European Russian Arctic (Kola Peninsula, Nenets Autonomous district), Western Siberia (Northern Urals, Yamal, Taza and Gydan peninsulas), Central Siberia (Taymyr peninsula, Bolshevik island), Eastern Siberia (Indigirka basin) and the Far East (Wrangel island). About 72% of the samples are georeferenced.Time period and grainThe data were collected once at each location between 1927 and 2022.Major taxa and level of measurementPlots include observations of >1770 vascular plant and cryptogam species and subspecies.Software formatCSV files (1 file with species list and abundance, 1 file with environmental variables and vegetation structure) are stored at the AVA‐RU website (https://avarus.space/), and are continuously updated with new datasets. The open‐access data are available on Dryad and all the datasets have a backup on the server of the University of Zurich. The data processing R script is available on Dryad.
Joy and the mop: The role of film in doing and undoing gender in entrepreneurship
Authors: Branicki Layla J. , King Elizabeth , Norbury Kate 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEntrepreneurship remains principally constructed as a masculine activity performed by men, suggesting that women entrepreneurs continue to experience contradictory gendered expectations whereby they are both evaluated against male norms and expected to display culturally acceptable forms of femininity. While there is a growing body of critical literature on gender and entrepreneurship, limited work explores the audio‐visual modalities of how gender performances reinforce and/or subvert gendered expectations in women's entrepreneurial activities. Considering this gap, we follow the feminist tradition of elaborating gender theory through film as an important medium of cultural production and transmission. By drawing on Butler's theory of gender performativity, we explore how a successful woman entrepreneur is represented in the semi‐fictionalized film, Joy. Using a critical social semiotic approach, we analyze how the audio‐visual aspects of the gender performances in Joy unfold across time and space to construct expectations of women's entrepreneurship. From our analysis, we make two principal contributions. First, we examine how the medium of film simultaneously reinforces and subverts the gendering of entrepreneurial activity. Second, we propose three sub‐genres of gender performance—exaggerated femininities, instrumental masculinities, and situational gender (in)congruity—that can serve to subvert stereotypical expectations about women's entrepreneurship.
Correlation between hepatic venous pressure gradient and portal pressure gradient in patients with autoimmune cirrhotic portal hypertension and collateral branches of the hepatic vein
Authors: Liu Bowen , Zhang Dan , Dong Chengbin , Yue Zhendong , Wang Lei , Fan Zhenhua , Wu Yifan , Zhang Ke , Jiang Li , Ding Huiguo , Zhang Yuening , Wang Jian , Liu Fuquan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo assess the correlation and agreement between hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and portal pressure gradient (PPG) in patients with autoimmune liver diseases (ALD) and portal hypertension, and to investigate the extent to which hepatic vein collateralization affects the accuracy of this assessment.MethodsNinety‐eight patients with ALD between 2017 and 2021 who underwent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt with conventional and innovative 15 mL pressurized contrast were selected to measure wedged hepatic venous pressure (WHVP) and portal venous pressure and to calculate the HVPG and PPG. Pearson's correlation was used for correlation analysis between the two groups. Bland–Altman plots were plotted to estimate the agreement between paired pressures.ResultsThe r values of PPG and HVPG in the early, middle, late, and portal venous visualization were 0.404, 0.789, 0.807, and 0.830, respectively, and the R2 values were 0.163, 0.622, 0.651, and 0.690, respectively. The p value for the r and R2 values in the early group was 0.015, and the p values in the remaining groups were less than 0.001. Bland–Altman plots showed that patients in the portal venous visualization group had the narrowest 95% limits of agreement. The mean value of the difference was close to the zero‐scale line.ConclusionsIn patients with ALD, the correlation between the HVPG and PPG was good, and the later the collateral development, the better the correlation. Hepatic vein collateral was an essential factor in underestimating WHVP and HVPG, and the earlier the collateral appeared, the more obvious the underestimation.
Unsubstantiated use of force in the killing of Atatiana Jefferson: A critical policy analysis
Authors: Keyes Latocia , Keyes Vance D. , Adams Raymond , Turner‐Marks Jennifer , Hernandez Pedro M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA sustained history of white supremacy is in the system of policing. Police engage in state‐sanctioned murders of African American women. Too many times, police state‐sanctioned violence is disregarded. A critical analysis and applicable theoretical frameworks were used to examine the Fort Worth Police Department's (FWPD's) Use of Force Policy in the case of Atatiana Jefferson's murder. The findings show cultural situatedness impacted this case. In other words, the normed cultural, social and environmental factors versus policy components influenced the case. The employed theoretical perspectives provide policymakers and researchers with critical viewpoints to deconstruct hierarchical systems of power that perpetuate injustices.
Do carabids struggle to recolonize restored grasslands in the fragmented landscapes of Northern Belgium?
Authors: DeCock Eva , Moeneclaey Iris , Schelfhout Stephanie , Dekoninck Wouter , De Schrijver An , Baeten Lander , De Smedt Pallieter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSemi‐natural grasslands in Western Europe are degrading and declining. Their plant species diversity and associated fauna, such as arthropods, are decreasing fast making restoration crucial.Carabid beetles are an essential link in ecosystem functioning (e.g., through herbivory and predation) and provide important ecosystem services (e.g., pest control). As a diverse group from different trophic levels, they occupy a variety of ecological niches, making them good indicators of restoration success and habitat quality.To study how different aspects of carabid diversity change along a restoration gradient from degraded grasslands to restored semi‐naturalNardusgrasslands, we sampled carabid beetles in grasslands in Northern Belgium. We analysed differences in abundance, diversity and community composition and investigated carabid traits potentially influencing carabids' response to grassland restoration.Species richness did not change along the restoration gradient, but number of individuals decreased as grassland restoration time and effort increased and species composition changed, mostly caused by species turnover. As grassland restoration time and effort increased, carabid body size decreased and the proportion of day‐active carabids increased. Predators and habitat generalists were dominant along the entire gradient.Even though the target vegetation was restored, the carabid communities were not, or at least, did not possess yet traits to be expected from a restored community. The landscape in Northern Belgium might be too fragmented for larger species with low dispersal ability to recolonize restored grasslands. However, restored species‐rich grasslands are beneficial for conservation of meadow birds as day‐active beetles thriving in restored grasslands are an important food source.
Model‐based feedback for L2 writing revision: The role of vocabulary size and language aptitude
Authors: Kang Eun Young 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough the utility of model‐based feedback is well documented, little is known about which factors modulate its effectiveness. The current study investigated the extent to which learner differences in receptive and productive vocabulary sizes, as well as differences in their language aptitude (measured by the LLAMA test), mediated the effects of using models as a written corrective feedback (WCF) tool. Sixty Korean learners of English (ages 18–21) were divided into an experimental and a control group. They all completed an argumentative writing task. Before revising their texts, the experimental group received model texts to compare their first draft, while the control group self‐corrected their errors without a model. Subsequently, all 60 participants took the LLAMA and vocabulary size tests. The model group's revisions showed significant improvements in vocabulary, content, and organization compared to the control group. The results also showed that learners’ receptive and productive vocabulary sizes significantly predicted the effectiveness of model‐based feedback.