bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Where there is suffering, there is sympathy: The speech act Sympathize in learning Chinese as a foreign language
Authors: Wang Zepeng , Mao Yansheng , Long Fangfang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe present paper aims to explore the performance of Sympathize as a speech act by advanced learners of Chinese as a foreign language (CFL). We collected data from both 16 advanced CFL learners and 16 native speakers of Chinese through a DCT, and we then asked 10 native speakers of Chinese to rate the appropriacy of the DCTs provided by the two groups. The results of our analysis show that the language use of native speakers and advanced learners only differed significantly when they employed three strategies “Minimize the negativity of the events,” “Analyze the negative events objectively,” and “Look at problems from a positive perspective,” while their behavior only marginally differed when it came to the two strategies of “Release the listeners’ negative emotions” and “Encourage.” However, learners received overall lower scores than native speakers regarding the appropriateness of their sympathizing expressions.
Calreticulin: Endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ gatekeeper
Authors: Michalak Marek 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal Ca2+ is vital for the function of the ER and regulates many cellular processes. Calreticulin is a highly conserved, ER‐resident Ca2+ binding protein and lectin‐like chaperone. Over four decades of studying calreticulin demonstrate that this protein plays a crucial role in maintaining Ca2+ supply under different physiological conditions, in managing access to Ca2+ and how Ca2+ is used depending on the environmental events and in making sure that Ca2+ is not misused. Calreticulin plays a role of ER luminal Ca2+ sensor to manage Ca2+‐dependent ER luminal events including maintaining interaction with its partners, Ca2+ handling molecules, substrates and stress sensors. The protein is strategically positioned in the lumen of the ER from where the protein manages access to and distribution of Ca2+ for many cellular Ca2+‐signalling events. The importance of calreticulin Ca2+ pool extends beyond the ER and includes influence of cellular processes involved in many aspects of cellular pathophysiology. Abnormal handling of the ER Ca2+ contributes to many pathologies from heart failure to neurodegeneration and metabolic diseases.
Ontogenetic change in effectiveness of chemical defence against different predators in Oxycarenus true bugs
Authors: Raška Jan , Chalušová Kateřina , Krajiček Jan , Čabala Radomír , Bosáková Zuzana , Štys Pavel , Exnerová Alice 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Many prey species change their antipredator defence during ontogeny, which may be connected to different potential predators over the life cycle of the prey. To test this hypothesis, we compared reactions of two predator taxa – spiders and birds – to larvae and adults of two invasive true bug species, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis and Oxycarenus lavaterae (Heteroptera: Oxycarenidae) with life-stage-specific chemical defence mechanisms. The reactions to larvae and adults of both true bug species strikingly differed between the two predator taxa. The spiders were deterred by the defences of adult bugs, but the larval defences were ineffective against them. By contrast, birds attacked the larvae considerably less often than the adult bugs. The results indicate a predator-specific ontogenetic change in defence effectiveness of both Oxycarenus species. The change in defence is likely linked to the life-stage-specific composition of secretions in both species: whereas secretions of larvae are dominated by unsaturated aldehydes, secretions of adults are rich in terpenoids, which probably serve dual function of defensive chemicals and pheromones. Our results highlight the variation in defence between different life stages and the importance of testing responses of different types of predators.
Abstract
To assess the inter- and intraspecific differences in defence of a model prey, the seed bugs (Oxycarenus spp.), we presented the bugs to two predator taxa, jumping spiders and birds (great and blue tits). The experiments revealed a predator-specific ontogenetic change in defence efficacy in the tested prey: while the larval defences were effective only against birds, the adult defences were more effective against spiders.
Isotopic niches do not follow the expectations of niche conservatism in the bird genus Cinclodes
Authors: Rader Jonathan A. , Matute Daniel R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Phenotypic traits are expected to be more similar among closely related species than among species that diverged long ago (all else being equal). This pattern, known as phylogenetic niche conservatism, also applies to traits that are important to determine the niche of species. To test this hypothesis on ecological niches, we analysed isotopic data from 254 museum study skins from 12 of the 16 species of the bird genus Cinclodes and measured stable isotope ratios for four different elements: carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen. We find that all traits, measured individually, or as a composite measurement, lack any phylogenetic signal, which in turn suggests a high level of lability in ecological niches. We compared these metrics to the measurements of morphological traits in the same genus and found that isotopic niches are uniquely evolutionarily labile compared to other traits. Our results suggest that, in Cinclodes, the realized niche evolves much faster than expected by the constraints of phylogenetic history and poses the question of whether this is a general pattern across the tree of life
Abstract
We studied the pace of evolution of morphology and ecology in Cinclodes ovenbirds using stable isotope analysis, morphometrics, and comparative phylogenetics. We show that niche characteristics of Cinclodes have lower phylogenetic signal, and are less phylogenetically conserved than their morphology, suggesting that ecological evolution has proceeded at a faster pace than morphology alone would suggest in these birds.
Validating blueline tilefish Caulolatilus microps ages in the U.S. South Atlantic using bomb radiocarbon (F14C)
Authors: Spanik Kevin R. , Ballenger Joseph C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAge validation is a critical component of an age‐based stock assessment and subsequent species management. Our study used bomb radiocarbon analysis to validate age estimates of Blueline Tilefish Caulolatilus microps, a species for which regional stock assessment scientists have identified age validation as a high priority. We compared a C. microps F14C chronology to F14C chronologies for finfish of the U.S. South Atlantic Bight (SAB) and the north‐west Atlantic. The high degree of correspondence in the chronologies exhibited for C. microps and other species of the SAB suggests a differential 14C uptake pattern in the SAB slope waters that is likely the result of local hydrological processes that delay 14C reaching the environments inhabited by these species. Our study was able to validate C. microps ages up to 25 years in the SAB, with strong evidence suggesting they are living to at least 50 years old.
Alcohol and the mechanisms of liver disease
Authors: Chen Mo , Zhong Wanglei , Xu Weiqi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlcoholic liver disease (ALD), which is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, covers a large spectrum of liver injuries ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of ALD includes genetic and epigenetic alterations, oxidative stress, acetaldehyde‐mediated toxicity and cytokine and chemokine‐induced inflammation, metabolic reprogramming, immune damage, and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. This review discusses the progress in the pathogenesis and molecular mechanism of ALD, which could provide evidence for further research on the potential therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways.
Safety of infraorbital hyaluronic acid injections: Outcomes of a meta‐analysis on prospective clinical trials
Authors: Nikolis Andreas , Enright Kaitlyn M. , Berros Philippe , Sampalis John S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundHollowing of the infraorbital region represents a common concern among aesthetic patients. In the past decade, an increasing number of patients have resorted to noninvasive aesthetic procedures to treat these concerns. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety profile of infraorbital hyaluronic acid injections for aesthetic rejuvenation.MethodsThrough a systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective clinical trials, investigators sought to answer the research question “Does the use of needle versus cannula during infraorbital HA injections result in the same incidence rate of adverse events?” The primary outcomes of interest were the incidence rates of ecchymosis and edema in subject groups treated with a needle or cannula.ResultsSubjects treated with needles had a statistically significant greater incidence rate of ecchymosis, compared to those treated with cannula. Conversely, subjects treated with cannula had a statistically significant greater incidence rate of edema, compared to those treated with needles.ConclusionsThe incidence rates of adverse events following the administration of hyaluronic acid injections in the infraorbital region vary depending on whether a needle or cannula is used; with needles being associated with a greater risk of ecchymosis and cannulas being associated with a greater risk of edema. These findings should be discussed with patients prior to treatment consultation. Finally, as with most techniques, it is usually prudent to develop expertise with one technique before using a second, especially in cases where both approaches can be used and have different adverse event profiles.
Craniopharyngioma—An update on metabolic and cognitive complications and new therapy
Authors: Erfurth Eva Marie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCraniopharyngiomas (CPs) are rare primary brain epithelial tumors arising in the suprasellar region from remnants of Rathke's pouch. About 50% originate at the level of the third ventricle floor, including the hypothalamus (HT). CPs are characterized by a low proliferation rate and symptoms due to mass effect and local infiltration and are managed primarily with surgery and radiotherapy. Gross total removal of a CP will reduce the recurrence rate but increases the risk of HT damage. Today, subtotal resection is the goal and will reduce the risk of HT damage. There are two histological subtypes of CP—adamantinomatous (ACP) and papillary CP (PCP)—that differ in their genesis and age distribution. ACPs are driven by somatic mutations in CTNNB1 gene (encoding β‐catenin), and PCPs frequently harbor somatic BRAF V600E mutations. There are also two phenotypes of outcome, the one with a rather good outcome without HT damage and the other with HT damage where recurrent operation with additional cranial radiotherapy results in HT obesity (HO), affecting psychosocial life and cognitive dysfunction. The group with HO suffers from metabolic syndrome, lower basal metabolic rate, and leptin and insulin resistances. There is currently no successful treatment for HO. The group with HT damage suffers from cognitive dysfunction with attention deficits, impaired episodic memory, and processing speed. Diffusion tensor imaging has shown significant microstructural white matter alteration in several areas important for cognition. Recently, complete or partial tumor response was shown to targeted therapy, with BRAF and Mekinist inhibitors for PCPs with BRAF V600E mutation.
Comparative feasibility and preliminary efficacy of CBT for insomnia among adults seeking and not seeking addiction treatment
Authors: Miller Mary Beth , Freeman Lindsey K. , Helle Ashley C. , Hall Nicole A. , DiBello Angelo M. , McCrae Christina S. 
Published: July 2023

SummaryTwo out of three adults seeking treatment for alcohol or other substance use disorders report co‐occurring symptoms of insomnia. This study compared the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I) among adults seeking and not seeking treatment for substance use. Adults with alcohol or other substance use disorders (n = 22, 32% female, 82% White; Mage = 39.5) completed assessments at baseline, post‐treatment, and at 6 week follow‐up. Of those, 11 were and 11 were not enrolled in substance use treatment. All received CBT‐I. Multiple imputation was used for missing data. Data were analysed using repeated measures analyses of variance. In the substance use treatment group, 6/11 completed post and 5/11 completed follow‐up. In the non‐treatment group, 9/11 completed post and 7/11 completed follow‐up. Participants in both groups reported improvements in insomnia severity, sleep onset latency, and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, with most effects evident at post and follow‐up. There was a marginal group‐by‐time interaction in the change in frequency of substance use, with only participants not in substance use treatment reporting decreases at follow‐up. Participants in substance use treatment reported significant reductions in substance‐related problems and symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder over time; however, they also reported more symptoms at baseline. CBT‐I produces similar reductions in insomnia but is relatively less feasible among individuals in (versus not in) treatment for substance use disorder. This may be due to the more complex logistics of accessing CBT‐I among those in treatment. We speculate that integrating CBT‐I into treatment for addictions may improve feasibility in this population. clinicaltrials.gov NCT04198311.
Three‐amino acid loop extension homeodomain proteins regulate stress responses and encystation in Entamoeba
Authors: Meenakshi   , Balbhim Sonar Shubham , Sarkar Shilpa , Vasudevan Madavan , Ghosh Sudip K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIt is interesting to identify factors involved in the regulation of the encystation of Entamoeba histolytica that differentiate trophozoites into cysts. Evolutionarily conserved three amino acid loop extension (TALE) homeodomain proteins act as transcription factors and execute a variety of functions that are essential for life. A TALE homeodomain (EhHbox) protein‐encoding gene has been identified in E. histolytica (Eh) that is highly upregulated during heat shock, glucose, and serum starvation. Its ortholog, EiHbox1, a putative homeobox protein in E. invadens (Ei), is also highly upregulated during the early hours of encystation, glucose starvation, and heat shock. They belong to the PBX family of TALE homeobox proteins and have conserved residues in the homeodomain that are essential for DNA binding. Both are localized in the nucleus during encystation and under different stress conditions. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay confirmed that the recombinant GST‐EhHbox binds to the reported TGACAG and TGATTGAT motifs. Down‐regulation of EiHbox1 by gene silencing reduced Chitin synthase, Jacob, and increased Jessie gene expression, resulting in defective cysts and decreased encystation efficiency and viability. Overall, our results suggest that the TALE homeobox family has been conserved during evolution and acts as a transcription factor to control the differentiation of Entamoeba by regulating the key encystation‐induced genes.
CO2 laser vaporisation in treating oral lichen planus: A split‐mouth randomised clinical trial
Authors: Ibrahim Rengin , Abdul‐Hak Mahmoud , Kujan Omar , Hamadah Omar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the effectiveness of carbon dioxide (CO2) laser vaporisation versus intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in the management of oral lichen planus (OLP).MethodsA randomised clinical trial with a split‐mouth design was conducted on 16 patients with bilateral symptomatic OLP lesions. One side was treated with CO2 laser vaporisation, and the counterpart was treated with TA intralesional injection. The reticular–erythematous–ulcerative (REU) score, Thongprasom sign scoring (TSS), visual analogue scale (VAS) and lesion area were used to evaluate the lesions at weeks 0, 4 and 9. All participants were followed up for 9 months.ResultsReduction in the REU, TSS scores and lesion area from baseline to the end of treatment was significantly greater in the CO2 group than in the TA group (p values were 0.001, 0.002 and 0.048 respectively). However, the reduction in VAS score did not differ between the two groups (p = 0.54). The recurrence rate was significantly higher in the TA group than in the CO2 group (75% vs. 31.1%; p = 0.016).ConclusionsCO2 laser vaporisation was more effective than TA intralesional injection in managing OLP and decreased recurrence rates.
Status of yam (Dioscorea spp.) in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Adejumobi Idris I. , Agre Paterne A. , Adeyinka Adewumi S. , Cipriano Inacio M. , Adheka Joseph G. , Onautshu Didy O. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractYam is an important tuber crop with enormous potential to enhance rural sustenance and livelihood in DRC. However, studies to enhance its genetic improvement are very far from sufficient with only a handful of information available on the crop. Yam has been treated as an orphan crop compared to contemporary crops such as cassava and sweet potato which have adapted to different cropping systems and become widespread in production. The lack of research attention to address the major production challenges has further decreased the value and potential of the crop compared to its contemporaries. These production constraints include lack of adequate quality planting materials, low yield potential, poor resistance/tolerance to yam mosaic and anthracnose diseases and ultimately poor tuber quality attributes focusing on tuber taste, flesh oxidation and dry matter contents of the majority of the farmers preferred varieties. In this review, we evaluated the status of yam in DRC and presented the needful activities to be incorporated for its improvement. Diversity has however been maintained mainly through ennoblement efforts in house gardens and small farmlands using traditional farming methods. Studies from other nations where yam has been successful with prominence in characterization and genetic improvement brought to light the need for DRC to consider yam as a staple carbohydrate food source, even to the extent of modifications in food public policy. Reversal of the yam's current stigma is a challenge to the scientific community and the population in general.
Non‐formal peace education founded on European youth work: A practitioner's critical reflection
Authors: Arnøy Joakim 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article is a critical self‐reflection on this author's practice of non‐formal peace education. Such critical reflexivity is considered integral to avoid pitfalls that could lead to the peace education activity inadvertently perpetuating structural violence – a phenomenon known as poststructural violence. Examples include unexamined assumptions about key concepts such as peace, inclusion, and rights. The article drives at the idea of discussing a concrete practice against a theoretical framework of critical peace education, exposing tensions between the two to lay the foundations for an improvement of my peace education practice. The discussion is informed by a positionality description of my own journey to become a peace education practitioner, a thematic analysis of the Erasmus+ programme, which is a key funding source, and a description of a concrete peace education project, all of which highlight influencing factors of my practice.
Identity‐reframing interventions: How to effectively highlight individuals' background‐specific strengths
Authors: Bauer Christina A. , Walton Gregory 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMany low‐status groups are portrayed as deficient. Countering such stigmatizing narratives, identity‐reframing interventions reframe low‐status group members as strong and resourceful agents. This approach can help members of low‐status groups successfully pursue major life goals. In one test, an identity‐reframing intervention increased engagement in an online‐university among refugees by 23% over 1 year. In another, it increased the degree to which people with experiences of depression successfully completed a meaningful self‐chosen goal over 2 weeks. The present review describes how identity‐reframing interventions work on a practical and theoretical level, where they might not work, how they contribute to theory and practice, how they can be adapted to new populations and contexts, and what novel questions they direct us to.
Long QT syndrome‐associated calmodulin variants disrupt the activity of the slowly activating delayed rectifier potassium channel
Authors: McCormick Liam , Wadmore Kirsty , Milburn Amy , Gupta Nitika , Morris Rachael , Held Marie , Prakash Ohm , Carr Joseph , Barrett‐Jolley Richard , Dart Caroline , Helassa Nordine 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCalmodulin (CaM) is a highly conserved mediator of calcium (Ca2+)‐dependent signalling and modulates various cardiac ion channels. Genotyping has revealed several CaM mutations associated with long QT syndrome (LQTS). LQTS patients display prolonged ventricular recovery times (QT interval), increasing their risk of incurring life‐threatening arrhythmic events. Loss‐of‐function mutations to Kv7.1 (which drives the slow delayed rectifier potassium current, IKs, a key ventricular repolarising current) are the largest contributor to congenital LQTS (>50% of cases). CaM modulates Kv7.1 to produce a Ca2+‐sensitive IKs, but little is known about the consequences of LQTS‐associated CaM mutations on Kv7.1 function. Here, we present novel data characterising the biophysical and modulatory properties of three LQTS‐associated CaM variants (D95V, N97I and D131H). We showed that mutations induced structural alterations in CaM and reduced affinity for Kv7.1, when compared with wild‐type (WT). Using HEK293T cells expressing Kv7.1 channel subunits (KCNQ1/KCNE1) and patch‐clamp electrophysiology, we demonstrated that LQTS‐associated CaM variants reduced current density at systolic Ca2+ concentrations (1 μm), revealing a direct QT‐prolonging modulatory effect. Our data highlight for the first time that LQTS‐associated perturbations to CaM's structure impede complex formation with Kv7.1 and subsequently result in reduced IKs. This provides a novel mechanistic insight into how the perturbed structure–function relationship of CaM variants contributes to the LQTS phenotype.
imageKey points
Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous, highly conserved calcium (Ca2+) sensor playing a key role in cardiac muscle contraction.
Genotyping has revealed several CaM mutations associated with long QT syndrome (LQTS), a life‐threatening cardiac arrhythmia syndrome.
LQTS‐associated CaM variants (D95V, N97I and D131H) induced structural alterations, altered binding to Kv7.1 and reduced IKs.
Our data provide a novel mechanistic insight into how the perturbed structure–function relationship of CaM variants contributes to the LQTS phenotype.