bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel M-Log Chaos Method for Enhanced Security Blended with Pristine d-Hybrid LSB Approach for Reducing Image Degradation Hinged on Huffman Compression of English Text for Payload Improvement
Authors: Raghuvanshi Devvrat , Joshi Kamaldeep , Nandal Rainu , Sehrawat Harkesh , Singh Surender , Singh Srishti 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Pretext & Motivations: Spatial domain-based image steganography is the stowing away technique in which disguised data is hidden directly inside the pixel intensities of an unclassified image. After a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA framework, it was realized that no single disquisition has covered all three acreages together i.e., improved payload capacity, augmented security, and reduced image degradation. Chaotic method was restricted to be used as fodder for searching techniques or diffusion of disguised data within the CI. In the proffered approach, a novel use of chaotic function as bombs that can be used to guard the real message is explored.
Proffered Method: The proffered method can be divided into two parts: Insertion of secret text (Huffman compression + novel M-Log chaos bombs embedding + d-Hybrid 3-LSB) and extracting the recondite message out (diffusing chaos bombs + decompressing the message).
Results: Efficient developments were achieved by the proffered method in all three acreages i.e., Payload improvement of 40%, mean PSNR of 45.8981 and mean SSIM of 0.9931, and 32% image degradation reduction.
Conclusion and Future Scope: The proposed method used Huffman compression to clinch the up-scaled payload. Chaotic function values, along with a modulus function, were used to feed into a novel bomb generator equation [ ], which fosters locus for stashing chaos bombs in any image. When triggered by the attacker, these bombs caused permanent marring of recondite data, denying the intruder access to disguised information. As an additional element, image degradation caused was reduced by the pristine d-hybrid method. For future studies, the use of multidimensional chaotic functions and different searching techniques for identifying ideal locations for stashing chaos bombs can be explored.
Study on Maintenance of Eyeball Morphology by Foldable Capsular Vitreous Body in Severe Ocular Trauma
Authors: Li Shanyu , Wang Xiaoxuan , Dou Zhixia , Jia Jinchen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives: Explore the feasibility and safety of using foldable capsular vitreous body (FCVB) in managing severe ocular trauma and silicone oil-dependent eyes.
Methodology: This is a retrospective study that analyzed 61 ocular trauma patients (61 eyes) that were presented to the Department of Eye Emergency, Hebei Eye Hospital from May 1, 2018, to May 31, 2019, which included 51 male patients (51 eyes) and 10 female patients (10 eyes) with an average age of (44.98 ±14.60) years old. The oldest patient was 75 years old and the youngest was 8 years old. These cases represented 51 eyes with severe eyeball rupture and 10 eyes with severe, complicated ocular trauma, which became silicone oil-dependent after the operation. These patients received FCVB implants and their visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and the changes on their eye axis, cornea, retina, and the state of FCVB were recorded after the operation.
Results: The operations were successful for all patients and the implants were in the correct positions upon the completion of the operation. All 61 patients cleared a follow-up window of 1-6 months with no reports of significant changes in their visual acuity. Among the patients, 91.8% reported normal intraocular pressure, the retinal reattachment rate reached 100%, and the eyeball atrophy control rate reached 100%. There was no report of rupture of the FCVB allergies to silicone, intraocular infection, intraocular hemorrhage, silicone oil emulsification, or sympathetic ophthalmia.
Conclusions: Foldable capsular vitreous bodies (FCVBs) designed to mimic natural vitreous bodies are suitable as long-term ocular implants that can provide sustained support for the retina without the need for any special postoperative postures. Their barrier function may effectively prolong the retention time of the filling medium and prevent various complications caused by direct contact of the eye tissues with the filling medium.
On the difference between type I and type II superconductors
Authors: Köbler Ulrich 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
It is shown that for the metals that get superconducting, the heat capacity above the transition temperature, TSC, is given by a sequence of power function of absolute temperature and not, as for the metals that get not superconducting (Au, Ag, Cu…), by a superposition of a linear and a cubic term of absolute temperature. The two heat capacities have to be attributed to the relevant bosons in the critical range at T = 0. For the metals that get superconducting, the two boson fields interact and single power functions of absolute temperature result. Since the interaction details and the proportion between the heat capacities of the two boson fields change with temperature, the temperature dependence of the observed heat capacity is given by a sequence of power functions with different rational exponents. Each power function holds over a finite temperature range. A change of the exponent is a typical crossover event. From analyses of available experimental heat capacity data, the exponents of α = 1/2, 1, 3/2, 2, 3 and 4 could firmly be established. As the zero-field heat capacity of all superconductors, the critical field of the type I superconductors, BC(T), exhibits critical behaviour at T = 0 only but not at the transition temperature, TSC. The superconducting transition, therefore, is not into a long-range ordered state. For all type I superconductors the critical exponent of BC(T) at T = 0 seems to be ε = 2. The lower and upper critical fields, BC1(T) and BC2(T), of the type II superconductors exhibit critical behaviour not only at T = 0 but additionally at TSC, as it is common for lang-range ordered systems. The experimentally identified critical exponents at T = 0 are ε = 3/2, 4/2, 5/2, 6/2 and 8/2. At T = TSC, the identified critical exponents are β = 2/3, 3/4 and 1. The large BC1 and BC2 values indicate that the two Cooper-pair electrons of the type II superconductors are much stronger coupled compared to the type I superconductors, remarkably, without a corresponding increase of TSC. The diameter of the Cooper-pairs of the type II superconductors and, therefore, their diamagnetic moments are correspondingly small. At the critical field BC1, the diamagnetic moment of the individual Cooper-pair is no longer large enough that only one layer of Cooper-pairs next to the inner surface of the sample is sufficient to shield an applied magnetic field completely. The external field then penetrates the superconductor as an ordered flux-line lattice. As the critical behaviour of BC1 and BC2 at TSC suggest, the flux-line lattice has the character of a long-range ordered system.
Assessment of optimal growth conditions for biomass and exopolysaccharides production in the thermotolerant cyanobacterium Phormidium sp. ETS-05
Authors: Zampieri Raffaella Margherita , Caldara Fabrizio , Rocca Nicoletta La 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Phormidium sp. ETS-05 is one of the target cyanobacteria species conferring anti-inflammatory properties to the therapeutic muds applied by spas of the Euganean Thermal District (Italy) to treat arthro-rheumatic pathologies. The beneficial mud is prepared by spas following a traditional method, called maturation, leading to the growth of a specific microbiota on natural raw clay irrigated by flowing thermal water at 37–47°C for about two months. The effectiveness of the mud is related to heat, to electrolytes and to bioactive molecules synthetized by the microbiota. A clear role in the anti-inflammatory activity of the muds has been demonstrated for the exopolysaccharides, EPS, produced by the entire microbiota and Phormidium sp. ETS-05. Considering the interest in this species, we assessed its optimal growth conditions to obtain the higher EPS production in relation to temperature, light spectra and intensity and nitrogen availability. Biomass and pigments production were also taken in consideration, as other high value compounds can be obtained in parallel with EPS. We found the exposure to a temperature of 45°C under white light at 100 µmol photons m− 2 s− 1 as optimal to reach the higher biomass (1.13 g L− 1) and an average production of 75 mg gDW−1 phycocyanin and of 150 mg gDW−1 EPS for Phormidium sp. ETS-05 cultured in lab-scale photobioreactors for 9 days. Putative genes linked with EPS assembly and export have been also identified in its genome, some of which have been investigated for their expression levels, opening to the possibility of biotechnologically boost EPS production.
The inertia and storage impact on the Mexican network frequency
Authors: Ramirez Juan M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper suggests the subtle effect of getting suitable ancillary services to properly manipulate the frequency within the Mexican interconnected system (MIS), composed of 158 generators, 2022 buses, and 3025 lines.
Studies are carried out to assess the frequency behaviour in the different control areas of the MIS under sudden load increments. The primary purpose is to determine the frequency deviation level and forecast the capacity required by energy storage technologies with rapid response to restore it to its nominal value quickly.
Likewise, hinged on reserve values required, it is provided by storage technologies. Finally, the diminution in polluting emissions is quantified.
Reduction in Utility Consumption in a Biorefinery Using Energy Integration Through Heat Exchanger Networks
Authors: Monteiro Fernanda Carlos , Sarrouh Boutros 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The present work aims to propose the implementation of a heat exchanger network in a second-generation ethanol production plant from sugarcane bagasse, with the aim of reducing environmental impacts and production costs, such as water and energy. Six cases with different configurations of heat exchangers were proposed and the mass balance of each case was calculated to quantify the consumption of steam and water in each equipment. With the results obtained through the energy balance calculations, it was possible to evaluate the best case, that is, the scenario that presented lower second-generation ethanol production costs. By using the proper heat exchanger network, there was a reduction in the consumption of hot utility by 26.27% and cold utility by 44.70%, making the second generation ethanol production process more economical and favorable for implementation.
Comparative Study between Topical Metformin 30% cream and Topical Adapalene 0.1 % cream in the Treatment of Acanthosis Nigricans (Clinicodermoscopic study)
Authors: Atallah Rabie Bedir , Aboelwafa Hany Othman , Elkhodary Sabrean Badawy 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a skin disorder with high prevalence. Dermatologists usually prescribe topical keratolytic, laser approaches, or chemical peels for aesthetic reasons. Adapalene is a topical retinoid with high degree of success in treating AN. Metformin is an insulin sensitizer that was suggested as a treatment modality for AN by targeting the insulin resistance associated with AN.
Aim of the work: Compare the safety and effectiveness of topical 30% metformin cream versus topical adapalene 0.1 cream) in treatment of AN.
Patients and methods: The current included 40cases with AN. Cases were randomly distributed into two groups (Each of 20 patients),
Results: Between the examined groups, there is a statistically substantial variation with relation to improvement degree for all dermoscopic findings assessed after treatment. The degree of dermoscopic improvement was better in the adapalene group. Also, the degree of clinical improvement was better in the adapalene group. The mean ANASI score changed from 32.4 to 27.8 pre and post-operative for metformin group and from 26.8 to 18.4 for adapalene group. Percent of change is higher among adapalene group without a statistically significant difference between them.
Conclusion: adapalene 0.1% cream was more effective for treating acanthosis nigricans than Metformin 30% cream, but it caused more local complications. Regarding the likelihood of recurrence, no variation between the two therapeutic regimens was found.
Analysis of the Impact of the Policy on Enforcing Activity Restrictions Communities in Toll Road Construction and Operations Financing Cibitung-Cilincing
Authors: Barus Lita Sari , Primantara Pamuka P , Safira Fidan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Construction of toll roads as an alternative access to community activities is one of the sectors affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. This study observed how pandemic could affect the toll road construction. We focus on the Cibitung-Cilincing toll road which will run from 2019 to 2022. The Covid-19 pandemic has increased the cost of toll road construction. This study elaborate the components affected in the construction of the Cibitung-Cilincing Toll Road during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Using qualitative survey and quantitative method of multiple linear regression analysis, it is known that the most affected component is the concrete structure. The results of this study indicate that the components of the cost of pavement, earthworks and structural steel works are the components that are most significantly affected.
Multilingual Speech Recognition Initiative for African Languages
Authors: Mohamed Naira Abdou , Benelallam Imade , Allak Anass , Gaanoun Kamel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper summarizes a speech recognition initiative for African languages. More precisely, we propose innovative approaches that address the low-resource property of these languages. For both monolingual and multilingual systems, our methods rely on self-supervised pre-trained models for multiple languages. We tested our method on seven African languages and dialects: Amharic, Darija, Fongbe, Sudanese, Swahili, Wolof, and Yoruba. We first trained monolingual models that were used as baselines, and then proposed proof-of-concepts for systems that handle multiple languages. Our multilingual systems were based on three scenarios: (a) we trained a single model by concate-nating the multilingual corpora; (b) we discussed this first model by testing another joint model that predicts the spoken language using language-specific tokens before the text transcription; and (c) we fed a one-hot encoder vector to the latent feature extractions before training the single model and for inference. For this purpose, a language identification model is required. We also investigated the impact of lexical ambiguity by removing diacritics from text in some languages.
A new bacterial-derived biosurfactant for biotechnological applications in the oil industry: production, optimization, biosurfactant functional and physicochemical characterization
Authors: Elghoul Marwa , Bouassida Mouna , Ghribi Dhouha , Mnif Inès 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Aiming the potential application of lipopeptide biosurfactant (BioS) in bioremediation, we studied its production by a novel, isolated strain of Bacillus sp. MI27. Using the experimental design methodology, a novel medium composed of 2% sucrose, 0.27% Na2HPO4, 0.2% ammonium sulfate, 0.02% NaCl, 0.02% CaCl2, 0.02% MgSO4, 0.001% MnSO4, 0.06% KH2PO4, 0.005% FeSO4 and 0.005% ZnSO4 was optimized. With this composition, strain MI27 produces 1.4 g/L BioS with maximum surface tension (ST) reduction of 23 mN/m and a dispersion diameter of around 10 cm. Emulsifying and foaming activities have been also confirmed. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) value was about 120 mg/L with corresponding ST of 23 mN/m. The dispersion and emulsification index (EI) were about 12 cm and 45% at 1,000 mg/L respectively. Moreover, the foaming capacity, stable over 1 h of incubation, was about 80% at 1,000 mg/L. Additionally, we studied the effect of different pH, temperature and salinities on MI27 BioS activity and stability. Obtained results showed interesting surface activities at extreme physicochemical conditions, especially at acidic and alkaline pH values, high and low temperatures and higher salinities. All these characteristics enable the possible application of BioS in water treatment biotechnology under diverse environmental conditions.
Profile of Women Seeking an Intra-uterine Contraceptive Device at a Community Health Centre in Pretoria, South Africa
Authors: AM Maphiri , Bongongo T 
Published: March 2023

Background:
An upsurge in demand for intra-uterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) has led to this study, which focuses on the profile of women seeking IUCDs at a community health centre in Pretoria, South Africa.

Aim:
The study aimed to determine the profile of women seeking IUCDs at a Pretoria community health centre.

Setting:
The setting was Temba Community Health Centre in region 2 of Tshwane health district, South Africa.

Methods:
A descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted using a piloted questionnaire.

Results:
Among the 129 participants, the mean age was 35 years (minimum 17 years, maximum 46 years). High participation was noted in the age group of 30–39 years (57.4%), single women (42.6%), those unemployed (54.3%), those with a secondary education (69%), and those with two children (62.8%). The decision to use an IUCD was based on its invisibility, lack of daily or sexual activity-related reminders, and lengthy device lifespan (100%). Before using an IUCD, many participants (32.6%) used condoms, and they were well versed in the IUCD. The primary source of knowledge on the IUCD was healthcare professionals.

Conclusion:
Women seeking IUCDs at a Pretoria CHC were mainly in the age range of 30–39 years, single, unemployed, with two children, using condom, and knowledgeable about the IUCD. The decision to choose an IUCD was backed by three key factors: it is invisible, there is no need for a daily or sexual activity-related reminder, and it lasts a long time without requiring a visit to the doctor. Healthcare professionals were the primary source of knowledge about IUCDs, and the knowledge regarding the device was scored as good among users at Temba CHC.
Developing a Virtual Reality Educational Tool to Stimulate Emotions for Learning: Focus Group Study
Authors: Lie Silje Stangeland , Røykenes Kari , Sæheim Aleksandra , Groven Karen Synne 
Published: March 2023

Background
By watching 360° videos in virtual reality headsets, students may experience being immersed in the portrayed situation. There is a paucity of empirical studies on the application of immersive 360° videos watched in virtual reality headsets for students in health care and social work education and the pedagogical theory guiding the development of such educational tools. This led to our interest in exploring how a virtual reality educational tool involving 360° videos can stimulate emotions and how this can be used as a pedagogical tool in these educational programs.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of faculty members and students regarding a prototype 360° video watched in virtual reality headsets during the development phase of an educational project. We addressed the following research questions: How does the virtual reality prototype stimulate emotions? How can virtual reality be used in higher education for health care and social work students?

Methods
We used a qualitative design and collected data through focus group interviews with project participants. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results
Our analysis identified 2 main themes in participants’ experiences with the virtual reality prototype. The first theme highlights that when participants experienced watching the 360° video in a virtual reality headset, it stimulated their emotions as an authentic professional experience would. The second theme, contextualization of virtual reality, highlights participants’ perceptions of how the virtual reality experience should be incorporated into a safe educational context.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that 360° videos with human actors who use eye contact with the camera can trigger emotions in the viewer and therefore serve as a pedagogic tool that can create authentic professional experiences for students. The participants expressed the view that the virtual reality educational tool could be used to prepare students for real-life practice in health care and social work. However, they underlined that 360° videos in virtual reality need to be contextualized in educational programs to create a safe environment for learning and to ensure follow-up on the emotions such experiences can trigger in students. Our results highlight the perceived importance of allowing students to reflect on the virtual reality experience in a safe setting and of follow-up by faculty members. In-person follow-up with students can be resource intensive for programs with large numbers of students and makes it challenging to offer repeated training, something that has been identified as one of the benefits of virtual reality.