bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humoral immunity for durable control of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants
Authors: Kotaki Ryutaro , Moriyama Saya , Takahashi Yoshimasa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is ongoing because of the repeated emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, highlighting the importance of developing vaccines for variants that may continue to emerge. In the present review, we discuss humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on the antibody breadth to the variants. Recent studies have revealed that the temporal maturation of humoral immunity improves the antibody potency and breadth to the variants after infection or vaccination. Repeated vaccination or infection further accelerates the expansion of the antibody breadth. Memory B cells play a central role in this phenomenon, as the reactivity of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) on memory B cells is a key determinant of the antibody potency and breadth recalled upon vaccination or infection. The evolution of memory B cells remarkably improves the reactivity of BCR to antigenically distinct Omicron variants, to which the host has never been exposed. Thus, the evolution of memory B cells toward the variants constitutes an immunological basis for the durable and broad control of SARS-CoV-2 variants.
A sustainable thermochemical conversion of animal biomass to N-heterocycles
Authors: Tang Yang , Xiao Xiao , Zhang Chaojun , Wang Xiaoling , Guo Junling , Liao Xuepin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe production of high-valued organonitrogen chemicals, especially N-heterocycles, requires artificial N2 fixation accompanied by the consumption of fossil resources. To avoid the use of these energy- and resource-intensive processes, we develop a sustainable strategy to convert nitrogen-rich animal biomass into N-heterocycles through a thermochemical conversion process (TCP) under atmospheric pressure. A high percentage of N-heterocycles (87.51%) were obtained after the TCP of bovine skin due to the abundance of nitrogen-containing amino acids (e.g., glycine, proline, and l-hydroxyproline). Animal biomass with more diverse amino acid composition (e.g., muscles) yielded higher concentrations of amines/amides and nitriles after TCP. In addition, by introducing catalysts (KOH for pyrrole and Al2O3 for cyclo-Gly–Pro) to TCP, the production quantities of pyrrole and cyclo-Gly–Pro increased to 30.79 mg g−1 and 38.88 mg g−1, respectively. This approach can be used to convert the significant animal biomass waste generated annually from animal culls into valued organonitrogen chemicals while circumventing NH3-dependent and petrochemical-dependent synthesis routes.
Graphical Abstract
Clinical challenge: a case of testicular tumor disguised as a prenatal testicular torsion
Authors: Fugaru Ioana , Moryousef Joseph , Nguyen Van-Hung , El-Sherbiny Mohamed 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Neonatal tumors account for a minority of prepubertal testicular tumors. Similarly, testicular torsion in the neonate within the intrauterine or postnatal period is a rare event with an estimated incidence of 6 per 100,000. Testicular salvage is almost never achieved in cases of prenatal testicular torsion and there is still no consensus on the ideal management.

Case presentation
A neonate with prenatal testicular torsion that underwent inguinal orchiectomy. On pathological examination, an uncharacterizable, multicystic, and well-delineated testicular tumor was identified. Although rare, testicular tumor presenting as neonatal testicular torsion should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an acute neonatal scrotum.

Conclusions
This case highlights that an inguinal approach for surgical exploration in prenatal testicular torsions may be preferred given the risk, albeit extremely low, of an underlying testicular tumour.
Rethinking treatment-resistant depression to quasi-tenacious depression
Authors: Arjmand Shokouh , Grassi-Oliveira Rodrigo , Wegener Gregers 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
With almost one-third of patients with major depression not adequately responsive to treatments, the management of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) has continued to be challenging. Recently, an essential step was taken to replace TRD with difficult-to-treat depression (DTD), pointing to some drawbacks associated with this terminology and identifying addressable barriers. In line with the DTD concept, we discuss why terming this population of patients as TRD could be semantically and clinically misleading. We then suggest replacing TRD with quasi-tenacious depression (QTD), a model and terminology that are derived from a potentially measurable outcome, the tenacity index (TI). QTD predicts that in theory remission is achievable by providing suitable treatments at hand. QTD states that every patient with major depression (even those who respond well) has some degree of tenacity that needs to be overcome by the use of proper treatment modalities. Ergo, in patients with a higher TI, due to the dearth of available armamentaria, one might suffice to achieve a partial resolution of symptoms balanced with an optimal quality of life. However, QTD calls for an incessant pursuit of novel treatments and the identification of contributing factors leading to high TI. On a track toward personalized psychiatry, and in harmony with DTD, QTD embraces all key barriers leading to a failure to treatment response and tries to provide a measurable entity for a better clinical decision while conveying a dynamic positive outlook of the disorder for both patients and health care providers.
Modeling Costs and Life-Years Gained by Population-Wide Next-Generation Sequencing or Single-Gene Testing in Nonsquamous Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer in the United States
Authors: Lemmon Christopher A. , Zhou Jie , Hobbs Brian , Pennell Nathan A. 
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE Many patients with actionable driver oncogenes (ADOs) are never identified and thus never receive targeted treatment. This study evaluated the economic impact and the potential life-years gained (LYG) that can be attributed to the extent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing in the United States compared with single-gene testing (SGT) in patients with metastatic nonsquamous non–small-cell lung cancer in the United States. METHODS A model was developed to evaluate incremental rates of SGT or NSG testing on the basis of LYG and cost per LYG. ADOs included for NGS included EGFR, ALK, ROS1, BRAF, RET, MET, and NTRK. SGT included EGFR and ALK. Assumptions were made for expected incidence of ADOs. Survival distributions were fit to published trial averages of median and 5-year overall survival. Treatment costs were estimated from drug cost averages. Reimbursement costs were based on data from the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services. RESULTS Each incremental 10% increase in NGS testing produces an average of 2,627.4 additional LYG, with an average cost savings per LYG of $75 US dollars (USD). Replacing SGT at the current rate of 80% with NGS testing would result in an average additional 21,09.6 LYG and reduce cost per LYG by an average of $599 USD. If 100% of eligible patients were tested with NGS and each identified patient had matched treatment, the total average cost per LYG would be $16,641.57 USD. CONCLUSION On the basis of current evidence, population-level simulations demonstrate that clinically relevant gains in survival with non-negligible reduction in costs are obtainable from widespread adoption of NGS testing and appropriate treatment matching for patients with advanced nonsquamous non–small-cell lung cancer.
Programmatic Precision Oncology Decision Support for Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancer
Authors: Keller Rachel B. , Mazor Tali , Sholl Lynette , Aguirre Andrew J. , Singh Harshabad , Sethi Nilay , Bass Adam , Nagaraja Ankur K. , Brais Lauren K. , Hill Emma , Hennessey Connor , Cusick Margaret , Del Vecchio Fitz Catherine , Zwiesler Zachary , Siegel Ethan , Ovalle Andrea , Trukhanov Pavel , Hansel Jason , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Abrams Thomas A. , Biller Leah H. , Chan Jennifer A. , Cleary James M. , Corsello Steven M. , Enzinger Andrea C. , Enzinger Peter C. , Mayer Robert J. , McCleary Nadine J. , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Ng Kimmie , Patel Anuj K. , Perez Kimberley J. , Rahma Osama E. , Rubinson Douglas A. , Wisch Jeffrey S. , Yurgelun Matthew B. , Hassett Michael J. , MacConaill Laura , Schrag Deborah , Cerami Ethan , Wolpin Brian M. , Nowak Jonathan A. , Giannakis Marios 
Published: January 2023

PURPOSEWith the growing number of available targeted therapeutics and molecular biomarkers, the optimal care of patients with cancer now depends on a comprehensive understanding of the rapidly evolving landscape of precision oncology, which can be challenging for oncologists to navigate alone.METHODSWe developed and implemented a precision oncology decision support system, GI TARGET, (Gastrointestinal Treatment Assistance Regarding Genomic Evaluation of Tumors) within the Gastrointestinal Cancer Center at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. With a multidisciplinary team, we systematically reviewed tumor molecular profiling for GI tumors and provided molecularly informed clinical recommendations, which included identifying appropriate clinical trials aided by the computational matching platform MatchMiner, suggesting targeted therapy options on or off the US Food and Drug Administration–approved label, and consideration of additional or orthogonal molecular testing.RESULTSWe reviewed genomic data and provided clinical recommendations for 506 patients with GI cancer who underwent tumor molecular profiling between January and June 2019 and determined follow-up using the electronic health record. Summary reports were provided to 19 medical oncologists for patients with colorectal (n = 198, 39%), pancreatic (n = 124, 24%), esophagogastric (n = 67, 13%), biliary (n = 40, 8%), and other GI cancers. We recommended ≥ 1 precision medicine clinical trial for 80% (406 of 506) of patients, leading to 24 enrollments. We recommended on-label and off-label targeted therapies for 6% (28 of 506) and 25% (125 of 506) of patients, respectively. Recommendations for additional or orthogonal testing were made for 42% (211 of 506) of patients.CONCLUSIONThe integration of precision medicine in routine cancer care through a dedicated multidisciplinary molecular tumor board is scalable and sustainable, and implementation of precision oncology recommendations has clinical utility for patients with cancer.
Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Complementary Prognostic Factors to Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Nanou Afroditi , Miao Jieling , Coumans Frank A.W. , Dolce Emily M. , Darga Elizabeth , Barlow William , Smerage Jeffrey B. , Paoletti Costanza , Godwin Andrew K. , Pusztai Lajos , Sharma Priyanka , Thompson Alastair , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Terstappen Leon W.M.M. , Hayes Daniel F. 
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are strongly prognostic for overall survival (OS) in metastatic breast cancer although additional prognostic biomarkers are needed. We evaluated the complementary prognostic value of tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles (tdEVs) next to CTCs. METHODS We applied the open-source ACCEPT software to archived CellSearch images from the prospective clinical trial SWOG0500 to enumerate CTCs and tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tdEVs) before and after one cycle of chemotherapy. RESULTS CTCs enumerated by ACCEPT were strongly correlated with classical ocular enumeration (correlation r = 0.98). OS was worse with elevated tdEVs (median OS for high/medium/low groups: 17.1 v 29.0 v 43.3 months; P < .0001). In patients with longer OS by CTC counts (< 5 CTC/7.5 mL blood), elevated tdEV levels were independently associated with poorer OS (multivariable analysis P < .001). OS was also longer for patients with low tdEVs after one cycle of chemotherapy (median OS for high/medium/low group: 10.8 v 17.8 v 26.7; P < .0001). CONCLUSION This study highlights the complementary prognostic significance of tdEVs in metastatic breast cancer before and after one cycle of chemotherapy.
Binding Mode of Actin–Aplyronine A–Tubulin Heterotrimeric Complex Revealed by Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Utomo Didik Huswo , Kita Masaki 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The antitumor macrolide aplyronine A (ApA) disturbs microtubule (MT) dynamics by inducing the protein–protein interaction (PPI) between actin and tubulin. However, the detailed binding mode of the actin–ApA–tubulin heterotrimeric complex (HTC) and the molecular mechanism by which ApA inhibits MT are unclear. To establish the binding modes of the actin–ApA complex on the tubulin α/β-heterodimer, blind protein–protein docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed. Two plausible HTC models having enough conformational and ligand stabilities were obtained, in which the C7 N,N,O-trimethylserine ester of ApA, an essential group for its potent cytotoxicity and PPI-inducing effect, interacted with Glu336/Asn337 or Arg123/Glu127 of β-tubulin. Based on the superposed models with the MT lattice, two possible mechanisms were proposed: the HTC would bind to the plus end of MT to potently inhibit tubulin assembly, or the actin–ApA complex would bind to the middle part of MT to form the internal HTC and destabilize MT structure. Our proposed models can explain why the actin–ApA complex inhibits MT dynamics at a much lower concentration than those of fibrous actin and tubulin proteins in cells.
Weak Affinity Chromatography Using Organic Solvents on Cyanopropyl- and Arene-Modified Silica-Gel Columns—Structural Demands for Host and Guest Moieties and Effect of Solvents
Authors: Satake Akiharu , Seino Kazuki , Odaka Yuki , Katagami Yuta , Kuramochi Yusuke 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Weak affinity chromatography (WAC) is effective for isolating target compounds from analogous compounds with similar functional groups. Previously, a few chromatographic behaviors based on WAC using organic solvents were observed in a series of cyclic multiporphyrin systems on cyanopropyl-modified silica gel (CN-MS). Here, three cyclic porphyrin trimers with various rigidity were examined on CN-MS to understand the mechanism of the specific interactions between porphyrin derivatives and functional groups on modified silica gel. In addition to CN-MS, six modified silica-gel columns were tested to compare their retention abilities for a cyclic nickel porphyrin dimer (C4Ni2MsCP2). We examined the cosolvent effects of the pyridine eluents for C4Ni2MsCP2. Apparent dissociation constants of C4Ni2MsCP2 with functional groups on the MS columns and effective amounts of the functional groups were estimated by frontal affinity chromatography (FAC). 1H NMR titrations of acetonitrile and nitrobenzene to C4Ni2MsCP2 were conducted to compare their association constants with movable guest molecules to the dissociation constants with immobilized functional groups obtained in FAC. We found rigidity of cyclic porphyrin derivatives and immobilization of functional groups on silica gel is necessary for significant retentions using WAC. The affinity interaction does not occur at the center of C4Ni2MsCP2, but probably occurs on the surface composed of a bipyridyl moiety and the adjacent edges of the two porphyrins. Polar solvents, such as nitrobenzene, acetonitrile, and methanol, weakened the interaction. Although C4Ni2MsCP2 dissolves well in chloroform, the interactions between C4Ni2MsCP2 and the MS columns are considerably strengthened in the presence of chloroform. The competitiveness of solvents and cosolvents with the interaction of the porphyrin on WAC is independent of the solubility of the analyte.
Expression of MAP2, GFAP, and calcium in CA3 area of a modified organotypic hippocampal slice culture treated with kainic acid
Authors: Husna Machlusil , Handono Kusworini , Sujuti Hidayat , Aulanni'am Aulanni'am , Rukmigarsari Ettie 
Published: January 2023

Background: Neurodegeneration due to neurotoxicity is one of the phenomena in temporal lobe epilepsy. Experimentally, hippocampal excitotoxicity process can occur due to kainic acid exposure, especially in the CA3 area. Neuronal death, astrocyte reactivity and increased calcium also occur in hippocampal excitotoxicity, but few studies have investigated immediate effect after kainic acid exposure. The organotypic hippocampal slice culture (OHSC) is a useful model for studying the neurodegeneration process, but there are still many protocol differences. In this study, minor modifications were made in the OHSC protocol. Methods: OHSC was obtained from two healthy wild type Wistar rats aged P10. Healthy culture slices were obtained and lasted up to 10 days in vitro (DIV 10). Bath application of kainic acid for 48 hours in DIV 10 followed by observation of its initial effects on neurons, astrocytes, and calcium via the expression of MAP2, GFAP, and intracellular calcium, subsequently. Results: After 48 h of kainic acid administration, there was a significant increase in intracellular calcium (p = 0.006 < α), accompanied by a significant decrease in MAP2 (p = 0.003 < α ) and GFAP (p = 0.010 < α) expression. Conclusion: These findings suggest early neuronal and astrocyte damage at the initial onset of hippocampal injury. This implies that astrocyte damage occurs early before an increase in GFAP that characterizes reactive astrogliosis found in other studies. Damage to neurons and astrocytes may be associated with increased intracellular calcium. It is necessary to develop further research regarding expression of calcium, MAP2, and GFAP at a spatial time after exposure to kainic acid and strategies to reduce damage caused by excitotoxicity.
Daily use of chlorine dioxide effectively treats halitosis: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Szalai Eszter , Tajti Péter , Szabó Bence , Hegyi Péter , Czumbel László Márk , Shojazadeh Saghar , Varga Gábor , Németh Orsolya , Keremi Beata 
Published: January 2023

Objectives
We aimed to conduct a systematic review on published data in order to investigate the efficacy of mouthwash products containing chlorine dioxide in halitosis.

Study design
Systematic review and meta-analysis

Methods
Our search was conducted on 14th October 2021. We searched the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL. We analysed data on adults with halitosis, included only randomised controlled trials and excluded in vitro and animal studies. The interventional groups used chlorine dioxide, and the comparator groups used a placebo or other mouthwash. Our primary outcomes were changes in organoleptic test scores (OLS) and Volatile Sulfur Compound (VSC) levels from baseline to the last available follow-up.

Results
We found 325 articles in databases. After the selection process, ten articles were eligible for qualitative synthesis, and 7 RCTs with 234 patients were involved in the meta-analysis. Our findings showed a significant improvement in the parameters of the chlorine dioxide group compared to the placebo group in OLS one-day data (mean difference (MD): -0.82; 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs): [-1.04 –-0.6]; heterogeneity: I2 = 0%, p = 0.67); and one-week OLS data (MD: -0.24; 95% CIs: [-0.41 –-0.07]; I2 = 0%, p = 0.52); and also changes in H2S one-day data (standardised mean difference (SMD): -1.81; 95% CIs: [-2.52 –-1.10]); I2 = 73.4%, p = 0.02).

Conclusion
Our data indicate that chlorine dioxide mouthwash may be a good supportive therapy in oral halitosis without known side effects.
Strategic Advertising Mechanisms: from Copy Strategy to Iconic Brands [Reseña]
Authors: Narain-Lucena Ángela 
Published: January 2023

Strategic Advertising Mechanisms: from Copy Strategy to Iconic Brands integra los mecanismos estratégicos publicitarios más importantes y trascendentes (por su aplicabilidad en el mercado publicitario), desde los más clásicos como la USP de Reeves hasta los más modernos como las Lovemarks de Roberts. Además, considera mecanismos europeos como la Star Strategy de Séguéla, así como los métodos más consolidados por agencias y anunciantes (Procter & Gamble, Ogilvy). El texto supone un recorrido claro y conciso por la estrategia publicitaria, a través del contexto histórico en el que emergen los mecanismos que conforman el volumen, pasando por las necesidades del anunciante, la metodología, las similitudes y diferencias con el resto de mecanismos, y hasta una crítica a ideas preconcebidas expuestas por diferentes autores.
A Critical Analysis of Chieftainship Democracy in Botswana
Authors: CHIMBINDI TAKAWIRA 
Published: January 2023

This paper seeks to provide a critical study and understanding of the concept of Chieftainship (bogosi) as it relates to the embracement of democracy in Botswana. It shows how bogosi has maintained its strategic position, administrative power and influence amongst attempts by the colonial and postcolonial states to undermine it. It maintains that bogosi has been able to adjust to changing socio-economic and political landscapes in Botswana. While the institution's powers have been slowly weakened by the government since independence. Chiefs and traditional institutions have used their legitimacy to strengthen their pliability. One can claim that chieftainship has been overtaken by events, it’s outdated, the reality is that the institution in Botswana has become central to government and cannot be cast-off. It is a traditional institution that plays a vital role in Botswana's socio-political and economic system. The blending of the traditional Kgotla system and the modern democracy gives a dichotomy of dualism of tribal- government on the one hand and a western styled central government on the other yet well connected and balanced for bringing development to Batswana. This paper is not empirically grounded, and its content is a result of desktop and content analysis of literature from articles of authors that talked about Botswana chieftainship system. The paper hopes to trigger and provoke further deliberations and empirical studies on the contribution of Kgotla political system to transformation of democracy in Botswana.
Challenges in the translation of legal texts: the case in Kosovo
Authors: Sopjani Valentina , Hamiti Vjosa 
Published: January 2023

Our paper conducts a contrastive analysis between Albanian and English lexical units in the language of laws using corpora analysis. It fills a literature gap related to Corpus linguistics in order to better comprehend patterns of legal lexicon. We use KWIC Concordance to extract the top frequently words and concordance lines in order to analyse differences and similarities among lexical units in Albanian (Source Language) and English (Target Language) laws, compared to those identified in respective corpora. Additionally, we identify types of errors in translation, difficulties in translating legal texts, and factors that influence translators’ errors in translating certain laws of the Republic of Kosovo from Albanian into English. According to our analysis, both languages have in common the use of the same grammatical patterns such as: conjunctions, prepositions, and the use of the common noun forms. The rest have significant differences in their usage, especially with regards to particles and determiners. Our contrastive approach demonstrates that some of these laws were not originally written in Albanian and then translated into English language, as many articles within these laws lack the appropriate word structure and word order and in some cases are semantically ill-formed in the Source Language.
Key words: analysis, corpus, language, legal, translation, KWIC Concordance.