bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online professional development across institutions and borders
Authors: Rienties Bart , Divjak Blazenka , Eichhorn Michael , Iniesto Francisco , Saunders-Smits Gillian , Svetec Barbi , Tillmann Alexander , Zizak Mirza 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProfessional development (PD) is a key element for enhancing the quality of academic teaching. An increasing number of PD activities have moved to blended and online formats, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the desire, potential, and need for collaboration among educators to learn from innovative and best practices, several institutions have started to pool their resources and expertise together and have started to implement cross-institutional and cross-national online professional development (OPD). The questions of what type of a (cross-)institutional OPD educators might prefer, and whether educators learn effectively from (and with) peers in such cross-cultural context have not been adequately explored empirically. In this case-study across three European countries, we explored the lived experiences of 86 educators as a result of a cross-institutional OPD. Using a mixed methods design approach our pre-post findings indicated that, on average, participants made substantial gains in knowledge. In addition, several cultural differences were evident in the expectations and lived experiences in ODP, as well as the intention to transfer what had been learned into one's own practice of action. This study indicates that while substantial economic and pedagogical affordances are provided with cross-institutional OPD, cultural differences in context might impact the extent to which educators implement lessons learned from OPD.
Diagnostic and predictive value of Respiratory Index of Severity in Children (RISC) scoring system in community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective cross sectional study
Authors: Abdallah Abd El Megied Mohamed , Abdel Fattah Abdel Motey Mohammad , Aziz Miriam Magdy , Ebrahim Mohammed Mohammedy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) exhibits high mortality rates among children, accounting for up to 50% in severe cases.
Respiratory Index of Severity in Children (RISC) score is a six-predictor standardized means for assessment of the severity of respiratory illness among children. The aim of this study was to validate the RISC score in evaluation of mortality outcome in hospitalized infants diagnosed with CAP.

Methods
This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 Egyptian children who were diagnosed to have CAP, admitted to the general wards and pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) of Cairo University Children Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University from September 2019 to June 2020.

Results
Median RISC score was significantly higher in non-survivors compared with survivors (p < 0.001). There were significant direct correlations between RISC score and each of respiratory distress grade, C-reactive protein (CRP), PICU admission, mechanical ventilation (MV) and mortality (p < 0.05). The RISC score, assessed within 24 h of admission, had sensitivity of 85.71%, and specificity 89.51% in discriminating infants with CAP who survived from those who died (determined at a cut off > 3). The RISC score was a significant predictor for mortality in infants with CAP (Odds ratio = 5.17, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The RISC score helps in prediction of mortality among children with CAP. Future studies are needed to validate RISC score as a guide for effective management protocol.
Relationship of carrying angle with grip strength and anthropometric measurements in young adults
Authors: Nayak Subhasmita , Kumar Pravin , Oraon Anil Kumar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background and purpose
Increase or decrease in the carrying angle may affect the functional activity and lead to elbow instability and pain during exercise or activity of daily living. Grip strength is commonly evaluated as a component of hand function in clinical settings as an indicator of disease and functional activity. The objective of this study was to find out correlation of carrying angle with grip strength and anthropometric measurements in healthy young adults.

Methodology
Two hundred three participants (female 121 and male 82) with mean age 22.95 ± 2.11 years were included as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Carrying angle was measured by goniometer, and grip strength was measured by handheld dynamometer. Anthropometric data like forearm length and hand span was measured by the measuring tape and ruler scale respectively.

Results
Spearman’s correlation test showed that carrying angle is negatively correlated with grip strength (r = − 0.18; p < 0.05) and forearm length (r = − 0.14; p < 0.05) on the left side but no significant correlation on the right side. Body height and carrying angle have negative correlation on the right (r = − 0.20, p < 0.05) and left sides (r = − 0.23, p < 0.05).

Conclusion
As the carrying angle increases, grip strength decreases. The height and length of the forearm are inversely related to the carrying angle. Grip strength is directly proportional with forearm length and hand span. Early identification of increased carrying angle will help in the prevention of various complications and identification of biomechanical alteration in sports activities.
Aerosolization Performance of Immunoglobulin G by Jet and Mesh Nebulizers
Authors: Chang Kyung Hwa , Park Bong Joo , Nam Ki Chang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecently, many preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted on the delivery of therapeutic antibodies to the lungs using nebulizers, but standard treatment guidelines have not yet been established. Our objective was to compare nebulization performance according to the low temperature and concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG) solutions in different types of nebulizers, and to evaluate the stability of IgG aerosols and the amount delivered to the lungs. The output rate of the mesh nebulizers decreased according to the low temperature and high concentration of IgG solution, whereas the jet nebulizer was unaffected by the temperature and concentration of IgG. An impedance change of the piezoelectric vibrating element in the mesh nebulizers was observed because of the lower temperature and higher viscosity of IgG solution. This affected the resonance frequency of the piezoelectric element and lowered the output rate of the mesh nebulizers. Aggregation assays using a fluorescent probe revealed aggregates in IgG aerosols from all nebulizers. The delivered dose of IgG to the lungs in mice was highest at 95 ng/mL in the jet nebulizer with the smallest droplet size. Evaluation of the performance of IgG solution delivered to the lungs by three types of nebulizers could provide valuable parameter information for determination on dose of therapeutic antibody by nebulizers.
Graphical abstract
Nonequilibrium work relations meet engineered thermodynamic control: A perspective for nonequilibrium measurements
Authors: Li Geng , Tu Z. C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Nonequilibrium work relations establish a fundamental connection between the equilibrium properties of a system and the fluctuation of work performed during nonequilibrium driving processes. However, high dissipation in fast driving processes often impedes the convergence of these work relations, complicating the accurate measurement and estimation of equilibrium properties. To address this issue, recent advances in the methodology of engineered thermodynamic control have been introduced. The goal of this method is to improve the efficiency of nonequilibrium measurements by engineering the driving strategies for the system. The engineered strategies enable the system to follow a desired evolution, thereby enhancing the estimation of equilibrium properties in finite-rate driving processes. In this perspective, we shed light on recent developments in this field. Different principles have been reviewed for engineering thermodynamic driving strategies, such as finding optimal control protocols to minimize dissipation and designing thermodynamic control protocols to shorten the lag between the system current state and its corresponding equilibrium state. Nonequilibrium measurement schemes matched with engineered thermodynamic control are also outlined as promising avenues for improving the efficiency and accuracy of nonequilibrium measurements, including several refined nonequilibrium work relations matched with designed thermodynamic control protocols.
Interplay of spermatogonial subpopulations during initial stages of spermatogenesis in adult primates
Authors: Capponi Chiara , Palazzoli Martina , Di Persio Sara , Fera Stefania , Spadetta Gustavo , Franco Giorgio , Wistuba Joachim , Schlatt Stefan , Neuhaus Nina , de Rooij Dirk , Vicini Elena 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThe spermatogonial compartment maintains spermatogenesis throughout the reproductive lifespan. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has revealed the presence of several spermatogonial clusters characterized by specific molecular signatures. However, it is unknown whether the presence of such clusters can be confirmed in terms of protein expression and whether protein expression in the subsets overlaps. To investigate this, we analyzed the expression profile of spermatogonial markers during the seminiferous epithelial cycle in cynomolgus monkeys and compared the results with human data. We found that in cynomolgus monkeys, as in humans, undifferentiated spermatogonia are largely quiescent, and the few engaged in the cell cycle were immunoreactive to GFRA1 antibodies. Moreover, we showed that PIWIL4+ spermatogonia, considered the most primitive undifferentiated spermatogonia in scRNA-seq studies, are quiescent in primates. We also described a novel subset of early differentiating spermatogonia, detectable from stage III to stage VII of the seminiferous epithelial cycle, that were transitioning from undifferentiated to differentiating spermatogonia, suggesting that the first generation of differentiating spermatogonia arises early during the epithelial cycle. Our study makes key advances in the current understanding of male germline premeiotic expansion in primates.
Gene editing innovations and their applications in cardiomyopathy research
Authors: Kyriakopoulou Eirini , Monnikhof Thomas , van Rooij Eva 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Cardiomyopathies are among the major triggers of heart failure, but their clinical and genetic complexity have hampered our understanding of these disorders and delayed the development of effective treatments. Alongside the recent identification of multiple cardiomyopathy-associated genetic variants, advances in genome editing are providing new opportunities for cardiac disease modeling and therapeutic intervention, both in vitro and in vivo. Two recent innovations in this field, prime and base editors, have improved editing precision and efficiency, and are opening up new possibilities for gene editing of postmitotic tissues, such as the heart. Here, we review recent advances in prime and base editors, the methods to optimize their delivery and targeting efficiency, their strengths and limitations, and the challenges that remain to be addressed to improve the application of these tools to the heart and their translation to the clinic.
Obsessive - compulsive disorder - course during pregnancy, exacerbation factors - literature review
Authors: Czarnota Julia , Cichoń Katarzyna , Chyćko Małgorzata , Kromer Agata , Zapała Magdalena Alicja , Gawryś Agnieszka , Środoń Agnieszka , Łapaj Monika , Wilk Joanna , Cholewa Małgorzata Maria 
Published: May 2023

Introduction and purpose of the work:
The period of pregnancy and puerperium is the time of increased vulnerability for mother’s mental deterioration. While disorders such as perinatal depression have been detailed, an impact of pregnancy on the course of other mental disorders such as OCD is less investigated. The purpose of this work was to draw attention to the factors that may influence exacerbation of obsessions and compulsions in pregnancy and during the postpartum period. The most common obsessions and compulsions of pregnant women and the influence of mother’s OCD on the newborn have also been described in this research.

State of knowledge:
Factors such as mother’s age, duration of pregnancy, method of delivery may be predictors of aggravation of obsessions and compulsions. Gestational diabetes, thyroid hormones levels, personality disorders of the mother, stress, cultural beliefs also have an impact on mother’s OCD. Infant being infected or hurt are the most common obsession subjects while cleaning and checking the baby happen to be the most frequent compulsions.

Summary:
It is important to disseminate knowledge about the course of OCD during pregnancy and postpartum period and pay attention to the inflammatory factors for earlier diagnosis and treatment. More research about factors worsening OCD through pregnancy are needed to be conducted.
Taxonomía de la inteligencia artificial en el entorno cognitivo de los conflictos
Authors: Flores Vivar Jesús Miguel , Gómez-de-Ágreda Ángel , Gómez-López Jacinto 
Published: May 2023

El artículo aborda el estado del arte y análisis del paradigma de inteligencia artificial (ia) aplicada a usos bélicos. Se reflexiona cómo los conflictos contemporáneos se libran en muy buena parte fuera de los campos de batalla, incluso en ámbitos no físicos, como el cibernético y el cognitivo. En estos dos entornos se da un uso no menos intenso de la ia con la misma finalidad de alterar la voluntad de los adversarios, valiéndose fundamentalmente de herramientas de influencia y desinformación. La metodología utilizada se basa en la revisión bibliográfica y análisis de documentos elaborados por expertos e informes de instituciones dedicadas al tratamiento de la ciberseguridad, defensa y acciones bélicas en los países desarrollados. Se propone una taxonomía de las aplicaciones bélicas y maliciosas de la ia que prescinde de las características tecnológicas de esta para centrarse en su aplicación operacional. El resultado no es un conjunto cerrado de opciones, sino que se ramifica en numerosas alternativas susceptibles de ser desarrolladas en otros trabajos. La conclusión principal que se alcanza es que los países deben tener en cuenta el potencial de la ia para desarrollar acciones tácticas y estratégicas, preparándose para escenarios no convencionales.
A Nonconvex Regularization Scheme for the Stochastic Dual Dynamic Programming Algorithm
Authors: Bhattacharya Arnab , Kharoufeh Jeffrey P. , Zeng Bo 
Published: May 2023

We propose a new nonconvex regularization scheme to improve the performance of the stochastic dual dynamic programming (SDDP) algorithm for solving large-scale multistage stochastic programs. Specifically, we use a class of nonconvex regularization functions, namely folded concave penalty functions, to improve solution quality and the convergence rate of the SDDP procedure. We develop a strategy based on mixed-integer programming to guarantee global optimality of the nonconvex regularization problem. Moreover, we establish provable convergence guarantees for our customized SDDP algorithm. The benefits of our regularization scheme are demonstrated by solving large-scale instances of two multistage stochastic optimization problems. History: Pascal Van Hentenryck, Area Editor for Computational Modeling: Methods & Analysis. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2021.0255 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2021.0255 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
CEO Stock Ownership, Recall Timing, and Stock Market Penalties
Authors: Darby Jessica L. , Ketchen David J. , Ball George P. , Mukherjee Ujjal 
Published: May 2023

Problem definition: Firms often delay the decision to recall faulty medical devices long after they become aware of a defect, thereby putting public safety at heightened risk. However, the factors contributing to these delays are not well-understood. To help address this gap, we examine whether and how CEO stock ownership influences the speed with which faulty medical devices are recalled and whether this influence varies with recall severity. We then examine whether the stock market penalizes firms differently based on recall decision-making speed and whether this penalty also varies with recall severity. Methodology/results: We collect data on 2,144 medical device recalls across 50 public medical device firms from 2002 to 2015. We use accelerated failure time models to test the effects of CEO stock ownership on the time-to-recall and event study methodology to examine how the time-to-recall influences stock market returns. Supplementary analyses shed further light on underlying mechanisms. Robustness checks demonstrate consistent results, including coarsened exact matching, reverse causality tests, Cox proportional hazard models, generalized linear regression models, and a mediation analysis. Firms whose CEOs possess greater ownership stakes recall medical devices more slowly, and this recall-slowing effect is accentuated for high-severity recalls. Delaying recalls magnifies the stock market penalty attributable to the recall, particularly for high-severity recalls. Managerial implications: Our study highlights an ownership characteristic of firms that are more likely to delay recalling faulty medical devices. Boards of directors can use insights from our study as they oversee product-quality decisions and determine the level and form of CEO compensation, and the FDA can use our findings to identify firms that might warrant extra scrutiny and better allocate its limited monitoring resources.Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.0175 .
Experiences of Muslim women living with gynaecological cancer and family caregivers
Authors: Vardar Okan , Serçekuş Pınar 
Published: May 2023

Background: Cancer has a large impact on the life of the diagnosed person and also their caregivers, who are typically family members. The impact of cancer on a Muslim woman and her caregivers has not been well researched because of cultural and social constraits. Aims: The aim of this study was to explorel the experiences of Muslim women with gynaecological cancers and their family caregivers. Methods: A descriptive phenomenological approach was adopted. A convenience sample was used in the research. Findings: The study findings were grouped into four major themes: the initial reaction to a cancer diagnosis from women and their caregivers, difficulties the patient and caregiver experienced (physiological, psychological, social and sexual), coping with cancer and expectations that caregivers and patients have of the institution and the health personnel. It was determined that during this disease and treatment, both the patients and caregivers faced difficulties, which can be categorised as physiological, psychological, social and sexual. Muslim women with gynaecological cancer frequently used coping behaviours, such as worshiping and believing that illness and healing come from God during the illness process. Conclusions: Patients and their family caregivers lived through various difficulties. Healthcare professionals need to consider the expectations of patients with gynecological cancer, alongside those of their family caregivers. Nurses can help Muslim patients and their families cope with the problems they experience by being aware of the positive coping methods of Muslim cancer patients and their caregivers. Nurses should consider individuals' religious beliefs and cultural differences while giving care.
Non-sliced optical arbitrary waveform measurement (OAWM) using soliton microcombs
Authors: Drayss Daniel , Fang Dengyang , Füllner Christoph , Lihachev Grigory , Henauer Thomas , Chen Yung , Peng Huanfa , Marin-Palomo Pablo , Zwick Thomas , Freude Wolfgang , Kippenberg Tobias J. , Randel Sebastian , Koos Christian 
Published: May 2023

Comb-based optical arbitrary waveform measurement (OAWM) techniques can overcome the bandwidth limitations of conventional coherent detection schemes, thereby enabling ultra-broadband signal acquisition in a wide range of scientific and industrial applications. For efficient and robust implementation of such OAWM systems, miniaturization into chip-scale form factors is key. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate an OAWM scheme that exploits chip-scale Kerr soliton combs as compact and highly scalable multi-wavelength local oscillators (LO) and that does not require optical slicing filters, thus lending itself to efficient implementation on state-of-the-art high-index-contrast integration platforms such as silicon photonics. The scheme allows for measuring truly arbitrary waveforms with high accuracy based on a dedicated system model that is calibrated by means of a femtosecond laser with a known pulse shape. We demonstrate the viability of our approach in a proof-of-concept experiment by capturing optical waveforms with multiple 16QAM and 64QAM wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) data signals, reaching overall line rates of up to 1.92 Tbit/s within an optical acquisition bandwidth of 610 GHz. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest bandwidth that has so far been demonstrated in an OAWM experiment. Our work opens a path towards efficient implementation of OAWM systems, offering THz acquisition bandwidths in highly compact and robust assemblies that can rely on chip-scale frequency-comb generators and simple filter-less detector circuits.