bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on impact of flexible endoscopy training course for surgeons in India
Authors: Sundaram Easwaramoorthy , Chandrasekar Sakthivel , Agarwalla Ramesh , Govindaraj Kanagaraj , Desarkar Satyapriya , Yasmine Jaseema , Khanna Subhash , Manickavasakam Kanagavel , Popat Sunil D. 
Published: January 2023

Context:
Competence in flexible endoscopy is essential for all surgeons during this era of minimal access surgery. However, fewer surgeons have expertise in endoscopy due to a lack of training and interest. The Indian Association of Gastrointestinal Endo Surgeons devised a short-structured training course in the art and science of endoscopy.

Aims:
This study aimed to find the impact of the endoscopy training course (Endoscopic Fellowship of Indian Association of Gastrointestinal Endo Surgeons [EFIAGES]) in improving the endoscopic skill of surgeons.

Settings and Design:
Twenty-two-part electronic survey forms were sent to all 375 candidates who took the course between 2016 and 2019 for this retrospective observational study.

Subjects and Methods:
The following outcome measures were noted, namely technical competence in endoscopy before the course, delegate feedback about the course modules, volume of endoscopies before and after the course and quality indicators such as reaching up to duodenum (D2) and caecum before and after the course.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical analysis of the impact of the course was done using Chi-square test.

Results:
Responses from 262 out of a total of 375 candidates were received. Seventy-seven per cent of trainees were pleased with content and mode of conduct of the course. The quality indicator of gastroscopy with the ability to reach D2 in 90% of the caseload was achieved by only 28% of trainees before the EFIAGES. This increased to 72% of candidates after the course and similar results were seen with colonoscopy also. Most of the candidates noted a distinct improvement in their endoscopic navigation skills subsequent to the course.

Conclusions:
Endoscopy skill transfer was possible with a short-structured endoscopy course. The surgical fraternity should realise the importance of endoscopy skills in the current era of surgical practice.
JB Sharma’s white cotton ball sign: A new laparoscopic sign in abdominopelvic tuberculosis
Authors: Sharma Jai Bhagwan 
Published: January 2023

Background:Abdominopelvic tuberculosis (TB) is a variant of extrapulmonary TB causing significant morbidity, including infertility.Materials and Methods:Results of 87 cases of diagnostic laparoscopy in cases of abdominopelvic TB diagnosed on composite reference standard (CRS) for demonstration of new laparoscopic white cotton ball sign are presented.Results:Mean age, parity and duration of infertility were 27.2 years, 0.21 and 3.1 years, respectively. Oligomenorrhoea and hypomenorrhea were seen in 35 (40.22%) and 32 (36.78%) cases, while infertility was seen in all 87 (100%) cases while abdominal mass was seen in 27 (31.03%) cases and pelvic mass in 37 (42.58%) cases. Positive acid fast bacilli on microscopy and culture of endometrial biopsy was seen in 3.34% and 6.89% cases while epithelioid granuloma was seen in 12.64% cases on endometrial biopsy and in 13.79% cases on peritoneal biopsy. Positive polymerase chain reaction was seen in all cases while definitive abdominal pelvic TB was seen in 35 (40.1%) cases and probable findings in 42 (48.27%) cases. A new laparoscopic white cotton ball sign (resembling a large white cotton ball) was observed in 5 (5.74%) cases and biopsy from 3 showed it to be epithelioid granulomas positive.Conclusion:Demonstration of a new white cotton ball sign on laparoscopy seems to be a useful finding in abdominal pelvic TB.
The impact of the Epic Games v. Apple case on developer monetization and payment systems
Authors: Ward Julian , Farsimadan Elaahe 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article summarizes the key issues arising in respect of the US case Epic Games v. Apple; provides an overview of the related investigations and litigation in other jurisdictions and examines how Epic Games v. Apple may impact developers’ game monetization and payment system options and challenges moving forward.
Taxonomy for sustainable finance: a difficult topic for Europe, a worrying development for our democratic principles
Authors: Fouquet Dörte 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article aims to give a more detailed analysis concerning the new Taxonomy Regulation on sustainable finance of the European Union and the development as well as the current conflict on the main content of the second delegated Regulation of the European Commission. It outlines the legislative boundaries to issuing important topics such as in this case the subsumption of nuclear and fossil gas via the Commission Regulation as sustainable within the framework of the Taxonomy Regulation.
The right to adequate housing for IDPs in the context of slow-onset climate-induced disasters within the European Union
Authors: Lange Robert Max 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The effects of climate change are projected to lead to significant displacement within the European Union (EU). However, internal displacement caused by slow-onset disasters has been neglected from discourse, and the EU lacks a legal framework for internal displacement. This article deploys an interdisciplinary approach to assess the protection offered to internally placed persons (IDPs) in this context: a legal analysis evaluates the right to adequate housing and a discourse analysis unpacks the construction of ‘forced displacement’ surrounding the non-binding Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. Special attention will be paid to individual vulnerabilities and structural socio-economic constraints as drivers for internal displacement.
The findings reveal that the human-rights-based framework provides relatively weak socio-economic housing rights. Protection of adequate housing is only offered in reactive claims requiring proof of severe environmental impact. Moreover, IDPs were initially constructed as a distinct group characterized by direct violence and imminent disasters rather than structural constraints. While the discourse recently shifted to recognize the complexity of individual displacement experiences, no corresponding concept has been institutionalized. Thus, this article recommends that the EU draw inspiration from the Kampala Convention regarding its definition of internal displacement, the legally binding nature and proactive state obligations.
Vol. 4, N.º 1, Jan-Jun 2023 - "Radiologia de Fusão - os melhores momentos"
Authors: Editorial Conselho 
Published: January 2023

Sexta publicação da ROENTGEN - Revista Científica das Técnicas Radiológicas, edição especial dedicada aos melhores momentos do Encontro Nacional "Radiologia de Fusão".
Neste número da ROENTGEN pretendemos dar a conhecer ao leitor os melhores momentos que contribuíram para o grande sucesso de um evento científico que veio para ficar com a sua periodicidade bianual, a sua variedade, a sua pertinência e impacto.O conjunto de tudo isto resulta numa perfeita sintonia, a que chamamos Radiologia de Fusão.
Aspetos técnicos da injeção de contraste endovenoso na Angio-TC do Tórax para avaliação de Tromboembolismo Pulmonar - Estudo de caso
Authors: Araújo Rui , Nogueira Fábio 
Published: January 2023

Introdução: Nos últimos três anos foi patente um aumento significativo dos exames ao tórax devido à COVID-19. Além da avaliação inicial do parênquima pulmonar, o recurso à Angio-TC para identificação de tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) ocupou um lugar de destaque na avaliação da vasculatura e perfusão pulmonar.
Materiais e métodos: De Maio a Outubro de 2022, todos os exames de Angio-TC para pesquisa de TEP realizados pelo mesmo profissional foram adquiridos com um máximo de 50 mL, recorrendo a protocolos otimizados para os equipamentos Philips® Brilliance de 64 cortes e Siemens® SOMATOM go.Up de 32 cortes. Em cada exame foi analisado o estado geral do doente, testado o cateter venoso e determinados os parâmetros de injeção mais ajustados. A localização do ROI e o número de Unidades de Hounsfield de referência variou consoante o paciente.
Resultados: O volume médio de contraste injetado em exames realizados no equipamento Philips® foi de 38,3 ± 3,7 mL e o fluxo de 3,3 ± 0,5 mL/s, sendo o tempo de aquisição, em média, de 3,9 ± 0,6 s. No equipamento Siemens®, o volume médio de contraste injetado situou-se nos 38,3 ± 6 mL, sendo a média do fluxo e tempo de aquisição de 3,2 ± 0,6 mL/s e 11,1 ± 1,3 s, respetivamente.
Conclusão: Para cada equipamento e paciente é imperativo a adaptação do volume de contraste a injetar para deteção de TEP. Volumes inferiores a 50 mL são suficientes para a demonstração da pequena circulação.
A relevância e eficiência das técnicas realizadas pela Radiologia de Intervenção no tratamento dos tumores hepáticos
Authors: Vasconcelos Cristina , Almeida Cristina , Conceição Neusa 
Published: January 2023

Objetivo: Compilar estudos estruturais que suportem e comprovem a eficiência que a Radiologia de Intervenção assume no tratamento dos tumores hepáticos, como uma técnica minimamente invasiva, altamente diferenciada, reduzindo a necessidade de tratamento cirúrgico com uma melhoria na qualidade de vida dos pacientes.
Materiais e Métodos: O método a utilizar será o mnemônico PCC, sendo o P- a população alvo, o C- o contexto e o outro C- o conceito, que orientarão a pergunta da revisão. E será aplicado como referência o guia para relatórios de revisão PRISMA-ScR, alinhada ao guia do Instituto Joanna Briggs, constituindo instrumento fundamental para a transparência e confiabilidade deste tipo de revisão.
Resultados: Pela análise da literatura estudada existem ainda várias lacunas. Encontram-se na literatura Guidelines de boas práticas, no que toca ao diagnóstico e terapêutica pela Radiologia de Intervenção nos tumores hepáticos, apenas seria de realçar e aprimorar os documentos na literatura, para comprovar e suportar todas estas técnicas, enriquecendo ainda mais a comunidade científica.
Conclusão: A Radiologia de Intervenção é uma subespecialidade caracterizada pela tecnologia e modernização, focada em diagnósticos e tratamentos de última geração. Porém, ainda existe muito para explorar nesta especialidade e demonstrá-la cientificamente.
Effect of Policy Network Manager’s Role on Public Policy Process Outcomes in the Road Transport Sector in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: Ombagi Cornelius , Minja David , Muna Wilson 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The policy network managers play an important role of providing a vital link between government, the public, and the policy makers ensuring that policies are effectively communicated and implemented, and that public opinion is accurately reflected in the decision-making process. They also ensure coordination of the activities of stakeholders, supporting policy development, and helping to ensure that policy decisions are made in the best interests of the public. Therefore, to ensure that the public policy process outcomes are well achieved, the policy network manager’s roles must be well defined. Due to the recurring challenges in the policy making process in the transport sector in Nairobi City County Kenya, this study sought to explore the effect of policy network manager’s role on public policy process outcomes in the Road Transport Sector in Nairobi City County, Kenya.
Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population of the study was 470 policy actors in the road transport sector within Nairobi City County out of which 407 were purposefully sampled to respond to the questionnaire and 45 were sampled to participate in focused group discussions as well as key informant interviews. The sampling approach adopted was a purposeful sampling procedure. A mixed methodology was adopted whereby both quantitative and qualitative data was collected through structured questionnaires, Key Informant Interviews and focused group discussions. The quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive statistics that is mean, frequencies and percentages as well as regression analysis. On the other hand, qualitative data was analysed through thematic analysis and reported in a narrative format.
Findings: The findings indicated that an improvement in policy network managers ‘roles would result to a significant improvement in the policy process outcomes.
Recommendations: This study recommends the policy actors in the public policy making process in the transport sector in Nairobi City County, Kenya to increase visibility of the manager’s roles. The study also recommends for a need to build trust and relationships as well as embrace and support evidence-based information. Another recommendation is the need for the policy network manager to facilitate collaboration between stakeholders and facilitate the exchange of information and ideas.
Traditional remedies for snakebite in Sudan
Authors: Agab Mohamed Ahmed 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The aim of this review is to collect information in the available literature (PubMed central, Google scholar, Science direct and Medline and others) to reflect on the traditional remedies used to treat snakebite in Sudan.
Methodology: This is a systemic electronic database review accomplished by searching randomly selected databases including: PubMed central, Google scholar, Science direct and Medline and others. Data concerning Sudan was selected and written in a narrative descriptive format.
Findings: The data collected was written in a narrative descriptive style including the classification of venomous snakes with specific reference to the magnitude of the problem in Sudan and a reflection on the global magnitude of the problem.
Unique contribution to theory, policy, and practice: Snakebite is considered one of the neglected tropical diseases in the tropical and subtropical regions including Sudan, the heart of Africa. The significance of this problem is related to the fact that the snakebite in Sudan is sometimes sadly fatal and affects the young farmers and herders impacting the agricultural economy which is the backbone of the economy of the country.
Head teacher Leadership Styles and Teacher Performance in Primary Schools in Kaabong District, Uganda
Authors: Akullo Elizabeth Akullo , Kamanyire Venance Kamanyire 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This study investigated the influence of headteacher leadership styles on teacher performance in primary schools in Kaabong District. Specifically, the study was to establish whether headteacher transformational leadership style had a significant influence on teacher performance; whether headteacher instructional leadership style had a significant influence on teacher performance; and whether headteacher transactional leadership style had a significant influence on teacher performance in primary schools in Kaabong District.
Methodology: The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive survey research design in which structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews were used to collect data from 308 respondents that included headteachers, directors of studies, teachers, pupil leaders and members of school management committees. The sampling of respondents was done mainly using simple random and census.
Findings: The study found out that most headteachers in primary schools in Kaabong used the three leadership styles in their management. However, the study found out that most of the respondents disagreed that teacher performance in the primary schools was good. The results of the linear regression showed that use of transformational leadership style had an insignificant influence on teacher performance; use of instructional leadership style had a moderate significant influence on teacher performance; and use of transactional leadership style had an insignificant influence on the teacher performance in the primary schools.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The findings of the study will provide a basis for policy makers to consider which leadership styles to emphasize in a bid to improve on teacher performance in schools. The findings from this study will provide an insight among head teachers on the importance of adopting appropriate leadership styles that can ensure good teacher performance in the primary schools. The findings will provide a basis for identifying the relationship between head teachers and teachers in forging best practices for improved teacher performance in schools.
Quality Attributes: Consumers’ Evaluation of Tailored Clothing in Ghana
Authors: Alhassan Haruna Alhassan , Appiah Ninette Afi , Ankai Boateng Kojo 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: There are challenges in arriving at quality garments that meet the consumers’ specifications for Ghanaian fashion designers. To appreciate consumers’ conceptualization of quality attributes of tailored clothing produced by small-scale garment manufacturers, the study assessed the quality attributes of tailored clothing produced by small-scale garment manufacturers.
Methodology: The descriptive research design was adopted. The study further employed the quantitative data collection and analysis technique. This study’s population comprised all clothing product consumers in the Wa Metropolis in the Upper West Region of Ghana. In determining the sample size of consumers, the study resorted to the convenience sampling technique and selected a sample size of 400 consumers. Descriptive and inferential analysis and interpretation (mean and standard deviation) was used.
Findings: The study found that consumers are more likely to accept a manufacturer’s reputation or brand, the clothing’s price, and whether it seems perfectly tailored as indicators of the garment’s quality and that they do not evaluate the quality of tailored clothing based on convenience and how difficult it is to come by tailored clothing that fit accurately.
Contributions to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study provides insights into consumer behavior in the context of the clothing industry in Ghana and other developing countries and help in explaining how tailoring habits or industry may differ from other more developed countries. Practically, this is useful for manufacturers, retailers, and researchers in the clothing industry who are looking to understand consumer preferences and improve the quality of their products. The findings can be used to inform policies aimed at increasing consumer confidence in the quality of tailored clothing in Ghana which may include measures such as mandatory quality testing or certification programs.
Responsabilidad social empresarial en alojamientos turísticos en el Ecuador
Authors: Lazo-Serrano Carmen Arlene 
Published: January 2023

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar la responsabilidad social empresarial en alojamientos turísticos en el Ecuador; para lo cual se desarrolló una investigación descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo, sustentada en los métodos: hermenéutico, analítico-sintético y revisión bibliográfica. Entre los principales hallazgos se encuentran: 1) las prácticas y políticas de relaciones sociales empresariales en sector hotelero en Ecuador se encuentran en ciernes; 2) se deben aunar esfuerzos para conseguir la implementación de las relaciones sociales empresariales de manera integral y 3) se necesita continuar ejecutando estudios con la finalidad de profundizar y demostrar el impacto e influencia de estas relaciones en la gestión empresarial y cómo estas actividades pueden promover a su vez el progreso de la comunidad y el medio ambiente.
Emotion Regulation, Dark Triad Personality, Rule-Breaking Behavior and Mental Health Problems in Young Adults: Structural Equation Modelling
Authors: Naz Madeha , Subhan Sara , Saleem Sadia 
Published: January 2023

The correlational linkages between dark triad personality and unlawful, antisocial, and repulsive behaviors have been identified in the literature but little is known about the relationship between emotion regulation, dark triad personality, rule-breaking behavior and mental health problems and the processes underlying this association. The current study is an attempt to explore the associative paths of emotion regulation and dark triad personality traits that influence rule-breaking behavior and mental health of young adults. Cross sectional survey was completed by 560 participants between the age ranges of 18-30 years. Structural Equation Modelling was used to analyze the results of the study; results suggested that cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression contribute to different pathways for dark-triad personality, rule-breaking behavior and mental health problems. The cognitive reappraisal has positive effect on mental health problems which is mediated by rule-breaking behavior. Expressive suppression has significant relationship with mental health problems which is mediated by dark triad personality and rule-breaking behavior. Furthermore, dark triad personality is positively associated with rule-breaking behavior and mental health problems. The findings revealed no significant gender differences in terms of emotion regulation, dark triad personality and rule-breaking behavior in young adults whereas; mental health problems are significantly prominent in men as compared to women. This study extended previous research by providing evidence that rule-breaking behavior may be one of the reasons explaining why people with emotion dysregulation and dark triad personality engage in rule-breaking behavior and develop mental health problems. Practical and theoretical implications of the study were also discussed.
Peningkatan Pemahaman Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran PKn melalui Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD Materi Sistem Hukum Nasional di Kelas Xa SMAN 1 Huu
Authors: Jamaah Jamaah , Amin Amin 
Published: January 2023

Penelitian yang dilakukan berupa penelitian pengembangan model pembelajaran dan tindakan. Penelitian tindakan terikat dalam perencanaan dan pengimplementasiaan perangkat pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperbaiki berbagai masalah yang timbul dalam pembelajaran PKn di kelas Xa SMAN 1 Huu Dompu sebagai berikut: 1) Untuk memperbaiki peningkatan pemahaman siswa pada mata pelajaran PKn dengan mengubah strategi pembelajaran; 2) Untuk melihat hasil dari strategi pembelajaran dengan melakukan observasi. Penelitian tindakan kelas melalui 4 tahap yaitu: perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi, yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus (tiap siklus dilakukan 2 kali tatap muka). Tehnis analisis yang digunakan kualitatif, pendekatan deskriftif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, pendekatan kualitatif digunakan mendeskripsikan kegiatan siswa selama proses pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian bahwa hasil belajar siswa diperoleh 60%, rata-rata nilai ulangan pada siklus II naik sebesar 0,53 % dibanding kan rata-rata nilai ulangan siklus I. Rata- rata nilai ulangan pada siklus III naik sebesar 1,02 % di dibandingkan dengan rata-rata nilai ulangan siklus II. Dengan demikian pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD, pembelajaran PKn Lebih menyenangkan dan penerapan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan aktivitas proses belajar mengajar.