bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic regulatory processes among child welfare parents: Temporal associations between physiology and parenting behavior
Authors: Zhang Xutong , Gatzke-Kopp Lisa M. , Skowron Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study examined how temporal associations between parents’ physiological and behavioral responses may reflect underlying regulatory difficulties in at-risk parenting. Time-series data of cardiac indices (second-by-second estimates of inter-beat intervals – IBI, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia – RSA) and parenting behaviors were obtained from 204 child welfare-involved parents (88% mothers, Mage = 32.32 years) during child-led play with their 3- to 7-year-old children (45.1% female; Mage = 4.76 years). Known risk factors for maltreatment, including parents’ negative social cognitions, mental health symptoms, and inhibitory control problems, were examined as moderators of intra-individual physiology-behavior associations. Results of ordinary differential equations suggested increases in parents’ cardiac arousal at moments when they showed positive parenting behaviors. In turn, higher arousal was associated with momentary decreases in both positive and negative parenting behaviors. Individual differences in these dynamic processes were identified in association with parental risk factors. In contrast, no sample-wide RSA-behavior associations were evident, but a pattern of increased positive parenting at moments of parasympathetic withdrawal emerged among parents showing more total positive parenting behaviors. This study illustrated an innovative and ecologically-valid approach to examining regulatory patterns that may shape parenting in real-time and identified mechanisms that should be addressed in interventions.
Large saccular aneurysm of the ascending aorta in a 5-year-old patient
Authors: Karagöz Uğur , Bilen Çağatay , Karaçelik Mustafa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSaccular aneurysms of the aorta in childhood are rare, and the low incidence of aortic aneurysms among children limits our understanding of their aetiology and surgical indications. In this case report, we describe the successful surgical treatment of a 5-year-old boy with severe aortic valvular stenosis, supra-valvular aortic stenosis, and a large saccular aneurysm in the anterior wall of the ascending aorta, without any connective tissue disorder.
Building resilience in the Improving Access to Psychological Therapy (IAPT) Psychological Wellbeing Practitioner (PWP) role: a qualitative grounded theory study
Authors: Vivolo Marco , Owen Joel , Fisher Paul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAim:Staff retention, particularly in the Psychological Wellbeing Practitioner (PWP) workforce, has historically been challenging for Improving Access to Psychological Therapy (IAPT) services. This study sought to develop an explanatory model of the resilience-building process in PWPs working within the IAPT programme.Method:A qualitative design was conducted, using a grounded theory methodology. Participants were recruited from two IAPT services in the National Health Service (NHS), which were part of the same Mental Health Trust. Ten PWPs were interviewed via videoconferencing using semi-structured interviews.Results:An explanatory model of resilience in PWPs encompassed three phases: the experience of work-related challenges, the connection with their values and the related appraisal of adversity in resilient ways, and the implementation of effective coping strategies.Conclusions:The model highlights that PWPs develop resilience through values-based sensemaking and by proactively engaging in effective coping mechanisms. This study contributes to the current understanding of the process of resilience in PWPs. More research is needed to explore the developmental processes underlying PWPs’ resilience. The implications of the findings in relation to existing conceptualisations of resilience, staff wellbeing and retention are explored. Recommendations for future research are also given.
Early results of a natural experiment evaluating the effects of a local minimum wage policy on the diet-related health of low-wage workers, 2018–2020
Authors: Caspi Caitlin E , Gombi-Vaca Maria Fernanda , Wolfson Julian , Harnack Lisa J , De Marco Molly , Pratt Rebekah , Durfee Thomas , Myers Samuel L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjective:The current study presents results of a midpoint analysis of an ongoing natural experiment evaluating the diet-related effects of the Minneapolis Minimum Wage Ordinance, which incrementally increases the minimum wage to $15/h.Design:A difference-in-difference (DiD) analysis of measures collected among low-wage workers in two U.S. cities (one city with a wage increase policy and one comparison city). Measures included employment-related variables (hourly wage, hours worked and non-employment assessed by survey questions with wages verified by paystubs), BMI measured by study scales and stadiometers and diet-related mediators (food insecurity, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation and daily servings of fruits and vegetables, whole-grain rich foods and foods high in added sugars measured by survey questions).Setting:Minneapolis, Minnesota and Raleigh, North Carolina.Participants:A cohort of 580 low-wage workers (268 in Minneapolis and 312 in Raleigh) who completed three annual study visits between 2018 and 2020.Results:In DiD models adjusted for time-varying and non-time-varying confounders, there were no statistically significant differences in variables of interest in Minneapolis compared with Raleigh. Trends across both cities were evident, showing a steady increase in hourly wage, stable BMI, an overall decrease in food insecurity and non-linear trends in employment, hours worked, SNAP participation and dietary outcomes.Conclusion:There was no evidence of a beneficial or adverse effect of the Minimum Wage Ordinance on health-related variables during a period of economic and social change. The COVID-19 pandemic and other contextual factors likely contributed to the observed trends in both cities.
Do Lower Tariff Rates Promote Global Value Chain Participation?
Authors: Yanikkaya Halit , Tat Pınar , Altun Abdullah 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe trade of intermediates now accounts for a growing share of global trade. In this highly fragmented global production system, any change in tariff rates can generate a higher impact than that of initial direct tariffs. To assess the impact of tariffs on global value chain participation, this study uses value-added trade statistics and cumulative tariff rates for 12 sectors from 168 countries for the years 1990–2015. The visual inspection suggests that initial tariffs result in higher tariff rates (almost 14%) due to a knock-on impact along with supply chains. The main empirical finding is that both faced and imposed tariff rates have significant negative impacts on sectoral global value chain participation. The effect is also persistent in the analysis if we employ cumulative tariff rates. Apart from these policy determinants, sector- and country-level endowments, such as higher relative length, capital intensity, foreign direct investment stock, and human capital appear to be the major drivers for higher total, forward, and backward global value chains participation. Even if our main results are robust, there are also some distinctions in the effects of tariff rates depending on the country- and sector-level heterogeneities. In a policy-related debate, given the cascading impacts of these liberalization initiatives, autonomous, regional, and global liberalization efforts are critical for all sectors to reap the benefits from the global production system.
“Power to the People!”: The Catalytic Role of the Black Power Movement in Trinidad and Tobago’s Industrialization
Authors: Perry Keston K. , Edwards Zophia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecent developmental state research highlights state-society configurations and contentious politics in shaping industrialization. Still, much of this work focuses on East Asia and tends to sidestep racialized labor exploitation, imperialism, and uneven incorporation into the global capitalist system through the trans-Atlantic slave trade and colonialism as important drivers. Through an historical analysis of Trinidad and Tobago, this paper examines how interventionist industrial policies emerged out of such structures and conditions. It highlights the role of anti-imperial and anti-racist struggles exemplified by the Black Power Movement in Trinidad and Tobago – a social movement comprising workers, marginalized youth, and civic leaders, which sought to overturn a colonial economy, reconfigure hierarchical race relations, address economic injustices, promote democratically negotiated industrialization, and chart a new course for a post-independent, multiracial Trinidad and Tobago. Utilizing archival data, this paper argues that Trinidad and Tobago’s government shifted from a passive industrial strategy characteristic of the colonial era to a more active approach from 1970 to 1984 largely in response to forceful demands and demonstrations by the Black Power Movement, which, in turn, led to improved social conditions, nationalization of key industries, the creation of state-owned enterprises, new skills and technological investments, and more. These findings advance developmental state theory by specifying the heretofore largely unacknowledged role of racial justice and anti-imperialist social movements in bringing about a different path from the East Asian model toward industrial and social transformation.
Paths From Aerosol Particles to Activation and Cloud Droplets in Shallow Cumulus Clouds: The Roles of Entrainment and Supersaturation Fluctuations
Authors: Oh D. , Noh Y. , Hoffmann F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe activation of aerosol particles and its contribution to cloud droplet size distributions in shallow cumulus clouds are investigated by analyzing the cloud field simulation results using a Lagrangian cloud model coupled with large eddy simulation, which allows explicit simulations of the activation and tracking of each super‐droplet. Analysis is focused on the differences in activations for aerosol particles following central updraft from a cloud base (CB) and particles entrained above the cloud base (EA). Time series of various variables following individual particles confirm the distinctive nature of CB and EA activation. Strong supersaturation fluctuations induced by entrainment and turbulent mixing at cloud edges cause most EA particles to be deactivated soon after activation, substantially limiting their lifetime and growth relative to CB particles. Most net activation—the difference between activation and deactivation—occurs at the cloud base and vanishes aloft. Cloud droplet activation spectra follow the theoretical prediction at high supersaturation conditions, although the proportional constant is smaller because of particle deactivation. The spectra deviate from the theoretical prediction at low supersaturation conditions since they are affected by the transport of the CB particles activated elsewhere.
Layered Structures in the Upper Several Hundred Meters of the Moon Along the Chang'E‐4 Rover's First 1,000‐m Traverse
Authors: Feng Jianqing , Siegler Matthew. A. , Su Yan , Ding Chunyu , Giannakis Iraklis 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe revealed the layered structure of the upper three hundred meters of the lunar surface in the South Pole‐Aitken Basin by using the measurements from the Lunar Penetrating Radar (LPR) onboard the Chang'E‐4 rover. The result shows that five large strata are identified by the LPR 60‐MHz channel below the depth of 90 m, with thicknesses ranging from 20 m to larger than 70 m. We speculate that at least three strata are basalt flows, while the shallowest stratum is composed of multiple thin lava flows. The thickness of the strata decreases with the decreasing depth, suggesting a progressively smaller lava effusion rate over time. To evaluate the reliability of the result, a comparison was made between Chang'E‐4, Chang'E‐3, and ground test low‐frequency data. The LPR 500‐MHz channel unveiled the structure of weathered material in the top ∼40 m, revealing several layers as well as a buried paleo crater and its ejecta blanket in the regolith.
Flow Structures With High Lagrangian Coherence Rate Promote Diatom Blooms in Oligotrophic Waters
Authors: Hernández‐Carrasco Ismael , Rossi Vincent , Navarro Gabriel , Turiel Antonio , Bracco Annalisa , Orfila Alejandro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDiatoms are among the most efficient autotrophic organisms for oceanic primary production and carbon sequestration. Yet, the spatial distributions of these planktonic organisms remain puzzling and the underlying physical processes poorly known, especially in oligotrophic open waters. Here we investigate what dynamical conditions are conducive to episodic diatom blooms in oceanic deserts based on Lagrangian diagnosis and satellite‐derived phytoplankton functional types and currents. The coherence of the flow is diagnosed in space and time simultaneously through the Lagrangian coherence rate (LCR) to identify which dynamical structures favor diatom growth. Observations evidence that flow structures with high LCR (40 days or longer) in areas with elevated eddy kinetic energy and vorticity sustain high diatom concentrations in the sunlit layers. Our findings show that the integration of Eulerian kinematic variables into a Lagrangian frame reveals new dynamical aspects of geophysical turbulence and unveil their biological impacts.
Spatio‐Temporal Characteristics of IPDP‐Type EMIC Waves on April 19, 2017: Implications for Loss of Relativistic Electrons in the Outer Belt
Authors: Hirai Asuka , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Obara Takahiro , Katoh Yuto , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Shiokawa Kazuo , Kasaba Yasumasa , Misawa Hiroaki , Jun Chae‐Woo , Kurita Satoshi , Connors Martin G. , Hendry Aaron T. , Shinbori Atsuki , Otsuka Yuichi , Tsugawa Takuya , Nishioka Michi , Perwitasari Septi , Manweiler Jerry W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo understand the mechanism of the increased frequency of intervals of pulsations of diminishing periods (IPDPs), we analyzed IPDP‐type electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves that occurred on 19 April 2017, using ground and satellite observations. Observations by low‐altitude satellites and ground‐based magnetometers indicate that the increased IPDP frequency is caused by an inward (i.e., Earthward) shift of the EMIC wave source region. The EMIC wave source region moves inward along the mid‐latitude trough, which we used as a proxy for the plasmapause location. A statistical analysis shows that increases in the IPDP frequency showed a positive correlation with polar cap potentials. These results suggest an enhanced convection electric field causes an inward shift of the source region. The inward shift of the source region allows EMIC waves to scatter relativistic electrons over a wide range of radial distances during the IPDP event. This mechanism suggests that IPDP‐type EMIC waves are more likely to scatter relativistic electrons than other EMIC waves. We also show that the decreased phase‐space density of relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt is consistent with the extent of the source region and the resonant energy of EMIC waves, implying a possible contribution of EMIC waves to outer radiation belt loss during the main phase of geomagnetic storms.
Propagation and Transformation of Upper North Atlantic Deep Water From the Subpolar Gyre to 26.5°N
Authors: Petit T. , Lozier M. S. , Rühs S. , Handmann P. , Biastoch A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBecause new observations have revealed that the Labrador Sea is not the primary source for waters in the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) during the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Programme (OSNAP) period, it seems timely to re‐examine the traditional interpretation of pathways and property variability for the AMOC lower limb from the subpolar gyre to 26.5°N. In order to better understand these connections, Lagrangian experiments were conducted within an eddy‐rich ocean model to track upper North Atlantic Deep Water (uNADW), defined by density, between the OSNAP line and 26.5°N as well as within the Labrador Sea. The experiments reveal that 77% of uNADW at 26.5°N is directly advected from the OSNAP West section along the boundary current and interior pathways west of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. More precisely, the Labrador Sea is a main gateway for uNADW sourced from the Irminger Sea, while particles connecting OSNAP East to 26.5°N are exclusively advected from the Iceland Basin and Rockall Trough along the eastern flank of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. Although the pathways between OSNAP West and 26.5°N are only associated with a net formation of 1.1 Sv into the uNADW layer, they show large density changes within the layer. Similarly, as the particles transit through the Labrador Sea, they undergo substantial freshening and cooling that contributes to further densification within the uNADW layer.
Evidence of Non‐Thermal Hydrogen in the Exosphere of Mars Resulting in Enhanced Water Loss
Authors: Bhattacharyya D. , Clarke J. T. , Mayyasi M. , Shematovich V. , Bisikalo D. , Chaufray J. Y. , Thiemann E. , Halekas J. , Schmidt C. , Bertaux J. L. , Chaffin M. S. , Schneider N. M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAtomic H is a direct tracer of water loss at Mars. The recent discovery of annual enhancements in its escape rate near perihelion, in excess of the previously established theory, indicates that Mars has lost substantial amounts of water to space. However, these loss rates are often estimated assuming thermal properties for the exospheric H atoms and are therefore a lower limit. Past analyses of spacecraft observations delivered indirect evidence for the existence of an energetic non‐thermal H population without a clear detection. Here, we present the unambiguous observational signature of non‐thermal H at Mars, consistent with solar wind charge exchange as the primary driver for its production. The calculated non‐thermal escape rates are as high as ∼26% of the thermal rate near aphelion and solar minima. An active Sun would increase the present‐day escape rate and a younger energetic Sun likely contributed toward the significant historic loss of water from Mars.
Mapping the Seismicity of Mars With InSight
Authors: Ceylan S. , Giardini D. , Clinton J. F. , Kim D. , Khan A. , Stähler S. C. , Zenhäusern G. , Lognonné P. , Banerdt W. B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe InSight seismometers have recorded more than 1,300 events. Ninety‐eight of these, named the low‐frequency (LF) family, show energy predominantly below 1 Hz down to ∼0.1 Hz. The Marsquake Service identified seismic phases and computed distances for 42 of these marsquakes, 24 of which have backazimuths. Hence, the locations of the majority of LF family events remain undetermined. Here, we use an envelope shape similarity approach to determine event classes and distances, and introduce an alternative method to estimate the backazimuth. In our analysis, we use the highest quality marsquakes with known distances as templates, including the largest event S1222a, and assign new distances to similar group of events for which distance estimates were not previously available. We find the Tharsis region to be more active than initially perceived on the basis of 5 newly located events near Valles Marineris and Olympus Mons. We relocate two marsquakes with little or no S‐wave energy in the NE of the Elysium Bulge. The event epicenters in Cerberus Fossae follow a north‐south trend due to uncertainties in location, while the fault system is in the NW‐SE direction; therefore, these events are re‐projected along the observed fault system based on our interpretations. The marsquakes in our interpreted catalog are predominantly observed in the northern hemisphere of Mars above the equatorial dichotomy boundary.
Structural and Geochronological Constraints on the Collision Between the Chinese Altai and the West Junggar in Central Asia: Implication for Deformation Response and Geodynamic Evolution of Arc‐Arc Collision in 4D
Authors: Hu Wanwan , Li Pengfei , Yuan Chao , Sun Min , Jiang Yingde , Cai Keda , Zhang Chao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractArc‐arc collision represents one of crucial geological processes to shape mountain belts on the Earth. The deeply‐eroded Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is characterized by the collision of multiple arc systems and provides a natural laboratory to understand arc‐arc collision in 4D given the exposure of crustal rocks at different levels. Here we focus on the ∼NW‐SE Irtysh fault zone, which represents a major suture zone within the CAOB to bound arc systems of the Chinese Altai and the West/East Junggar in NW China. Our structural work, for the first time, delineates the spatial position of the western segment of the Irtysh Fault between the Chinese Altai and the West Junggar, and demonstrates a phase of brittle strike‐slip deformation with sinistral kinematics in the Permian. An earlier episode of ∼NE‐SW shortening event affected both southern Chinese Altai and northern West Junggar, forming ∼NW‐SE fold structures. Both ∼NE‐SW shortening and sinistral strike‐slip faulting overlap in time with the collision of the Chinese Altai and the West Junggar during the latest Carboniferous to Permian as constrained by new detrital zircon data, thus indicating a transition from orthogonal collision to oblique convergence between the Chinese Altai and the West Junggar. A comparison with ductile deformation at deep structural levels along the eastern segment of the Irtysh Fault between the Chinese Altai and the East Junggar allows for investigation of arc‐arc collision in 4D, which highlights deformation decoupling across different crustal levels, with an intermediate episode of orogen‐parallel flow recorded within deep crustal rocks.
Gut microbial genetic variation modulates host lifespan, sleep, and motor performance
Authors: Li Ying , Xu Simin , Wang Liying , Shi Hao , Wang Han , Fang Ziyi , Hu Yufan , Jin Jiayu , Du Yujie , Deng Mengqiong , Wang Liang , Zhu Zuobin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Recent studies have shown that gut microorganisms can modulate host lifespan and activities, including sleep quality and motor performance. However, the role of gut microbial genetic variation in regulating host phenotypes remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the links between gut microbial genetic variation and host phenotypes using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster as research models. Our result suggested a novel role for peroxisome-related genes in yeast in regulating host lifespan and activities by modulating gut oxidative stress. Specifically, we found that deficiency in catalase A (CTA1) in yeast reduced both the sleep duration and lifespan of fruit flies significantly. Furthermore, our research also expanded our understanding of the relationship between sleep and longevity. Using a large sample size and excluding individual genetic background differences, we found that lifespan is associated with sleep duration, but not sleep fragmentation or motor performance. Overall, our study provides novel insights into the role of gut microbial genetic variation in regulating host phenotypes and offers potential new avenues for improving health and longevity.