bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between adiposity after diagnosis of prostate cancer and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cariolou Margarita , Markozannes Georgios , Becerra-Tomás Nerea , Vieira Rita , Balducci Katia , Aune Dagfinn , Muller David C , Chan Doris S M , Tsilidis Konstantinos K 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveTo explore the associations between adiposity indices, assessed at or after a diagnosis of prostate cancer, and mortality.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed and Embase, from inception to 16 November 2022.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesCohort studies or randomised controlled trials of men with a diagnosis of prostate cancer that investigated the associations between adiposity (body mass index, waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue) after diagnosis and mortality outcomes. A modified version of the risk of bias for nutrition observational studies tool was used to assess risk of bias.Results79 studies were identified that investigated adiposity indices after a diagnosis of prostate cancer in relation to mortality. No randomised controlled trials were found. A non-linear dose-response meta-analysis indicated a J shaped association between body mass index and all cause mortality (33 910 men, 11 095 deaths, 17 studies). The highest rate of all cause mortality was found at the lowest and upper range of the distribution: 11-23% higher rate for a body mass index of 17-21 and 4-43% higher rate for a body mass index of 30-40. The association between body mass index and mortality specific to prostate cancer was flat until body mass index reached 26-27, and then increased linearly by 8-66% for a body mass index of 30-40 (33 137 men, 2947 deaths, 13 studies), but the 95% confidence intervals were wide. These associations did not differ in most predefined subgroups by study design, number of deaths, anthropometric assessment, follow-up time, geographical location, prostate cancer risk group, and adjustment variables. No associations were found in meta-analyses between 10 cm increases in waist circumference and all cause mortality or mortality specific to prostate cancer, but only three studies were available. The few studies with data on change in weight, waist-to-hip ratio, and subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue reported conflicting results.ConclusionsThis review suggests that patients with prostate cancer might benefit from maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding obesity. Future studies should investigate adiposity across different stages of cancer survivorship and use various parameters for distribution of adipose tissue.Systematic review registrationOpen Science Frameworkhttps://osf.io/qp3c4.
Risk-conferringHLAvariants in an epilepsy cohort: benefits of multifaceted use of whole genome sequencing in clinical practice
Authors: Vakrinou Angeliki , Bellampalli Ravishankara , Gulcebi Medine I , Martins Custodio Helena , Research Consortium Genomics England , Balestrini Simona , Sisodiya Sanjay M 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundWhole genome sequencing is increasingly used in healthcare, particularly for diagnostics. However, its clinically multifaceted potential for individually customised diagnostic and therapeutic care remains largely unexploited. We used existing whole genome sequencing data to screen for pharmacogenomic risk factors related to antiseizure medication-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs), such as human leucocyte antigenHLA-B*15:02,HLA-A*31:01variants.MethodsGenotyping results, generated from the Genomics England UK 100 000 Genomes Project primarily for identification of disease-causing variants, were used to additionally screen for relevantHLAvariants and other pharmacogenomic variants. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for clinical and cADR phenotypes forHLAvariant carriers. Descriptive statistics and the χ2test were used to analyse phenotype/genotype data forHLAcarriers and compare frequencies of additional pharmacogenomic variants betweenHLAcarriers with and without cADRs, respectively.Results1043 people with epilepsy were included. FourHLA-B*15:02and 86HLA-A*31:01carriers were identified. One out of the four identifiedHLA-B*15:02carriers had suffered antiseizure medication-induced cADRs; the point prevalence of cADRs was 16.9% forHLA-A*31:01carriers of European origin (n=46) and 14.4% forHLA-A*31:01carriers irrespective of ancestry (n=83).ConclusionsComprehensive utilisation of genetic data spreads beyond the search for causal variants alone and can be extended to additional clinical benefits such as identifying pharmacogenomic biomarkers, which can guide pharmacotherapy for genetically-susceptible individuals.
Borexino’s search for low-energy neutrinos associated with gravitational wave events from GWTC-3 database
Authors: Basilico D. , Bellini G. , Benziger J. , Biondi R. , Caccianiga B. , Calaprice F. , Caminata A. , Chepurnov A. , D’Angelo D. , Derbin A. , Di Giacinto A. , Di Marcello V. , Ding X. F. , Di Ludovico A. , Di Noto L. , Drachnev I. , Franco D. , Galbiati C. , Ghiano C. , Giammarchi M. , Goretti A. , Gromov M. , Guffanti D. , Ianni Aldo , Ianni Andrea , Jany A. , Kobychev V. , Korga G. , Kumaran S. , Laubenstein M. , Litvinovich E. , Lombardi P. , Lomskaya I. , Ludhova L. , Machulin I. , Martyn J. , Meroni E. , Miramonti L. , Misiaszek M. , Muratova V. , Nugmanov R. , Oberauer L. , Orekhov V. , Ortica F. , Pallavicini M. , Pelicci L. , Penek Ö. , Pietrofaccia L. , Pilipenko N. , Pocar A. , Raikov G. , Ranalli M. T. , Ranucci G. , Re A. , Rossi N. , Schönert S. , Semenov D. , Settanta G. , Skorokhvatov M. , Singhal A. , Smirnov O. , Sotnikov A. , Tartaglia R. , Testera G. , Unzhakov E. , Vishneva A. , Vogelaar R. B. , von Feilitzsch F. , Wojcik M. , Wurm M. , Zavatarelli S. , Zuber K. , Zuzel G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe search for neutrino events in correlation with gravitational wave (GW) events for three observing runs (O1, O2 and O3) from 09/2015 to 03/2020 has been performed using the Borexino data-set of the same period. We have searched for signals of neutrino-electron scattering and inverse beta-decay (IBD) within a time window of $$\pm \, 1000$$

±

1000

s centered at the detection moment of a particular GW event. The search was done with three visible energy thresholds of 0.25, 0.8 and 3.0 MeV. Two types of incoming neutrino spectra were considered: the mono-energetic line and the supernova-like spectrum. GW candidates originated by merging binaries of black holes (BHBH), neutron stars (NSNS) and neutron star and black hole (NSBH) were analyzed separately. Additionally, the subset of most intensive BHBH mergers at closer distances and with larger radiative mass than the rest was considered. In total, follow-ups of 74 out of 93 gravitational waves reported in the GWTC-3 catalog were analyzed and no statistically significant excess over the background was observed. As a result, the strongest upper limits on GW-associated neutrino and antineutrino fluences for all flavors ($$\nu _e, \nu _\mu , \nu _\tau $$

ν
e

,

ν
μ

,

ν
τ

) at the level $$10^9{-}10^{15}~\textrm{cm}^{-2}\,\textrm{GW}^{-1}$$

10
9

-

10
15

cm

-
2

GW

-
1

have been obtained in the 0.5–5 MeV neutrino energy range.
The role of magnetization in phase-ordering kinetics of the short-range and long-range Ising model
Authors: Janke Wolfhard , Christiansen Henrik , Majumder Suman 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe kinetics of phase ordering has been investigated for numerous systems via the growth of the characteristic length scale$$\ell (t) \sim t^{\alpha }$$ℓ(t)∼tαquantifying the size of ordered domains as a function of timet, where$$\alpha$$αis the growth exponent. The behavior of the squared magnetization$$\langle m(t)^{2}\rangle$$⟨m(t)2⟩has mostly been ignored, even though it is one of the most fundamental observables for spin systems. This is most likely due to its vanishing for quenches in the thermodynamic limit. For finite systems, on the other hand, we show that the squared magnetization does not vanish and may be used as an easier to extract alternative to the characteristic length. In particular, using analytical arguments and numerical simulations, we show that for quenches into the ordered phase, one finds$$\langle m(t)^{2} \rangle \sim m_0^2 t^{d\alpha }/V,$$⟨m(t)2⟩∼m02tdα/V,where$$m_0$$m0is the equilibrium magnetization,dthe spatial dimension, andVthe volume of the system.
MPFL RECONSTRUCTION, USING FASCIA LATA AS AN AUTOGRAFT, AFTER FAILED PROXIMAL AND DISTAL PATELLOFEMORAL REALIGHMENT PROCEDURES. REPORT OF TWO CASES
Authors: Megremis Panos K , Megremis Orestis P 
Published: June 2023

Understanding all the technical features and functions associated with medial patellar ligament reconstruction (MPFL) with autograft will make restoration more effectual, limiting complications associated with its non-anatomical placement. We describe in this study the cases of two girls aged seven and thirteen who underwent successful MPFL reconstruction after failed proximal and distal patellofemoral realignment surgeries they had previously undergone to treat recurrent patellar dislocation. The modified Cincinnati and Kujala score were used for the preoperative and postoperative clinical evaluation of the two girls. In the final reassessment of the two girls, seven years post-operatively for the seven-year-old girl, and three years post-operatively for the thirteen-year-old girl, the modified Cincinnati score and the Kujala score were increased significantly. The restoration of the MPFL is a justified surgical method for an effective outcome of the reestablishment of patellar stability in skeletally immature patients who underwent less successful surgeries in the past.
Company2Vec — German Company Embeddings Based on Corporate Websites
Authors: Gerling Christopher 
Published: June 2023

With Company2Vec, the paper proposes a novel application in representation learning. The model analyzes business activities from unstructured company website data using Word2Vec and dimensionality reduction. Company2Vec maintains semantic language structures and thus creates efficient company embeddings in fine-granular industries. These semantic embeddings can be used for various applications in banking. Direct relations between companies and words allow semantic business analytics (e.g., top-n words for a company). Furthermore, industry prediction is presented as a supervised learning application and evaluation method. The vectorized structure of the embeddings allows measuring companies’ similarities with the cosine distance. Company2Vec hence offers a more fine-grained comparison of companies than the standard industry labels (NACE). This property is relevant for unsupervised learning tasks, such as clustering. An alternative industry segmentation is shown with k-means clustering on the company embeddings. Finally, this paper proposes three algorithms for (1) firm-centric, (2) industry-centric and (3) portfolio-centric peer-firm identification.
Genomic Profiling of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Samples Resistant to Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibitors
Authors: Menssouri Naoual , Poiraudeau Loïc , Helissey Carole , Bigot Ludovic , Sabio Jonathan , Ibrahim Tony , Pobel Cédric , Nicotra Claudio , Ngo-Camus Maud , Lacroix Ludovic , Rouleau Etienne , Tselikas Lambros , Chauchereau Anne , Blanc-Durand Félix , Bernard-Tessier Alice , Patrikidou Anna , Naoun Natacha , Flippot Ronan , Colomba Emeline , Fuerea Alina , Albiges Laurence , Lavaud Pernelle , van de Wiel Paul , den Biezen Eveline , Wesseling-Rozendaal Yvonne , Ponce Santiago , Michiels Stefan , Massard Christophe , Gautheret Daniel , Barlesi Fabrice , André Fabrice , Besse Benjamin , Scoazec Jean-Yves , Friboulet Luc , Fizazi Karim , Loriot Yohann 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
The androgen receptor axis inhibitors (ARPI; e.g., enzalutamide, abiraterone acetate) are administered in daily practice for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, not all patients respond, and mechanisms of both primary and acquired resistance remain largely unknown.

Experimental Design:
In the prospective trial MATCH-R (NCT02517892), 59 patients with mCRPC underwent whole-exome sequencing (WES) and/or RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of samples collected before starting ARPI. Also, 18 patients with mCRPC underwent biopsy at time of resistance. The objectives were to identify genomic alterations associated with resistance to ARPIs as well as to describe clonal evolution. Associations of genomic and transcriptomic alterations with primary resistance were determined using Wilcoxon and Fisher exact tests.

Results:
WES analysis indicated that no single-gene genomic alterations were strongly associated with primary resistance. RNA-seq analysis showed that androgen receptor (AR) gene alterations and expression levels were similar between responders and nonresponders. RNA-based pathway analysis found that patients with primary resistance had a higher Hedgehog pathway score, a lower AR pathway score and a lower NOTCH pathway score than patients with a response. Subclonal evolution and acquisition of new alterations in AR-related genes or neuroendocrine differentiation are associated with acquired resistance. ARPIs do not induce significant changes in the tumor transcriptome of most patients; however, programs associated with cell proliferation are enriched in resistant samples.

Conclusions:
Low AR activity, activation of stemness programs, and Hedgehog pathway were associated with primary ARPIs’ resistance, whereas most acquired resistance was associated with subclonal evolution, AR-related events, and neuroendocrine differentiation.
See related commentary by Slovin, p. 4323
Allele-Specific Gene Regulation, Phenotypes, and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Estrogen Receptor Alpha–Mutant Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Blanchard Zannel , Rush Craig M. , Arnesen Spencer , Vahrenkamp Jeffery M. , Rodriguez Adriana C. , Jarboe Elke A. , Brown Callie , Chang Matthew E.K. , Flory Mark R. , Mohammed Hisham , Modzelewska Katarzyna , Lum David H. , Gertz Jason 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Activating estrogen receptor alpha (ER; also known as ESR1) mutations are present in primary endometrial and metastatic breast cancers, promoting estrogen-independent activation of the receptor. Functional characterizations in breast cancer have established unique molecular and phenotypic consequences of the receptor, yet the impact of ER mutations in endometrial cancer has not been fully explored. In this study, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to model the clinically prevalent ER-Y537S mutation and compared results with ER-D538G to discover allele-specific differences between ER mutations in endometrial cancer. We found that constitutive activity of mutant ER resulted in changes in the expression of thousands of genes, stemming from combined alterations to ER binding and chromatin accessibility. The unique gene expression programs resulted in ER-mutant cells developing increased cancer-associated phenotypes, including migration, invasion, anchorage-independent growth, and growth in vivo. To uncover potential treatment strategies, we identified ER-associated proteins via Rapid Immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry of Endogenous Proteins and interrogated two candidates, CDK9 and NCOA3. Inhibition of these regulatory proteins resulted in decreased growth and migration, representing potential novel treatment strategies for ER-mutant endometrial cancer.

Implications:
This study provides insight into mutant ER activity in endometrial cancer and identifies potential therapies for women with ER-mutant endometrial cancer.
Mitochondrial Uncoupling Inhibits Reductive Carboxylation in Cancer Cells
Authors: Jiang Haowen , He Clifford Jiajun , Li Albert M. , He Bo , Li Yang , Zhou Meng-Ning , Ye Jiangbin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

When the electron transport chain (ETC) function is impaired, cancer cells rely on reductive carboxylation (RC) to convert α-ketoglutarate (αKG) to citrate for macromolecular synthesis, thereby promoting tumor growth. Currently, there is no viable therapy to inhibit RC for cancer treatment. In this study, we demonstrate that the mitochondrial uncoupler treatment effectively inhibits RC in cancer cells. Mitochondrial uncoupler treatment activates the ETC and increases the NAD+/NADH ratio. Using U–13C-glutamine and 1–13C-glutamine tracers, we show that mitochondrial uncoupling accelerates the oxidative tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and blocks RC under hypoxia, in von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor–deficient kidney cancer cells, or under anchorage-independent growth condition. Together, these data demonstrate that mitochondrial uncoupling redirects α-KG from RC back to the oxidative TCA cycle, highlighting that the NAD+/NADH ratio is one key switch that determines the metabolic fate of α-KG. Inhibiting RC could be a key mechanism by which mitochondrial uncouplers inhibit tumor growth.

Implications:
Mitochondrial uncoupling is a novel strategy to target RC in cancer.
Immunologic Characterization and T cell Receptor Repertoires of Expanded Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lee Moon Hee , Theodoropoulos Jason , Huuhtanen Jani , Bhattacharya Dipabarna , Järvinen Petrus , Tornberg Sara , Nísen Harry , Mirtti Tuomas , Uski Ilona , Kumari Anita , Peltonen Karita , Draghi Arianna , Donia Marco , Kreutzman Anna , Mustjoki Satu 
Published: June 2023

The successful use of expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in adoptive TIL therapies has been reported, but the effects of the TIL expansion, immunophenotype, function, and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of the infused products relative to the tumor microenvironment (TME) are not well understood. In this study, we analyzed the tumor samples (n = 58) from treatment-naïve patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), “pre-rapidly expanded” TILs (pre-REP TIL, n = 15) and “rapidly expanded” TILs (REP TIL, n = 25) according to a clinical-grade TIL production protocol, with single-cell RNA (scRNA)+TCRαβ-seq (TCRαβ sequencing), TCRβ-sequencing (TCRβ-seq), and flow cytometry. REP TILs encompassed a greater abundance of CD4+ than CD8+ T cells, with increased LAG-3 and low PD-1 expressions in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell compartments compared with the pre-REP TIL and tumor T cells. The REP protocol preferentially expanded small clones of the CD4+ phenotype (CD4, IL7R, KLRB1) in the TME, indicating that the largest exhausted T cell clones in the tumor do not expand during the expansion protocol. In addition, by generating a catalog of RCC-associated TCR motifs from &gt;1,000 scRNA+TCRαβ-seq and TCRβ-seq RCC, healthy and other cancer sample cohorts, we quantified the RCC-associated TCRs from the expansion protocol. Unlike the low-remaining amount of anti-viral TCRs throughout the expansion, the quantity of the RCC-associated TCRs was high in the tumors and pre-REP TILs but decreased in the REP TILs. Our results provide an in-depth understanding of the origin, phenotype, and TCR specificity of RCC TIL products, paving the way for a more rationalized production of TILs.

Significance:
TILs are a heterogenous group of immune cells that recognize and attack the tumor, thus are utilized in various clinical trials. In our study, we explored the TILs in patients with kidney cancer by expanding the TILs using a clinical-grade protocol, as well as observed their characteristics and ability to recognize the tumor using in-depth experimental and computational tools.
Revision of the Agrilus wittemani species–group (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Agrilini) with description of three new species from India and Myanmar
Authors: JENDEK EDUARD , NAKLÁDAL OTO 
Published: June 2023

The newly defined Agrilus wittemani species–group comprising six species from South and Southeast Asia is revised based on the examination of type specimens. A key to species is provided and complemented with illustrations of habitus and genitalia. The following three new species are described: Agrilus amplinotus sp. nov.; A. stigmula sp. nov.; A. stigmulifer sp. nov.
Anomalous Northward Energy Transport due to Anthropogenic Aerosols during the Twentieth Century
Authors: Needham Michael R. , Randall David A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the tropics, the absorbed solar radiation is larger than the outgoing longwave radiation, while the opposite is true at high latitudes. This basic fact implies a poleward energy transport (PET) in both hemispheres, which is accomplished by the atmosphere and oceans. The magnitude of PET is determined by the top of atmosphere gradient in the net radiation flux, and small changes to this quantity must change the total PET in the absence of changes in heat uptake. We analyze a large ensemble of 50 historic climate simulations from the CESM LENS2 project and find a significant PET anomaly in the latter half of the twentieth century. The temporal evolution of this anomaly—with a rapid increase after 1950, a peak near 1975, and a rapid decrease in the 1990s—mirrors the historic trend of sulfur dioxide (SO2, a significant aerosol predecessor) emissions from Europe and North America. This anomaly also appears in an analysis of the PET calculated from ERA5 reanalyses and from the CESM2 Single Forcing Large Ensemble. Consistent with previous studies, we find that historic SO2 emissions from Europe and North America brightened clouds, which reflected additional solar radiation back to space in the midlatitudes: this shortwave anomaly increased the meridional gradient in the net TOA radiation flux and induced an anomalous northward energy transport. Finally, our results suggest that cryosphere processes become an additional important factor in setting the PET anomaly during the first years of the twenty-first century by contributing to the difference in absorbed solar radiation between hemispheres alongside cloud radiative effects.

significance statement
In this study, we analyze a large group of climate model simulations from 1850 to 2014 and find that this historical pollution changed the way that heat was transported from the tropics to Earth’s poles. We also find this change in heat transport when we analyzed an atmospheric reanalysis, which is a historical dataset that combines many meteorological observations into a best estimate of the past climate state. This extra reflection of sunlight from polluted clouds cooled the Northern Hemisphere, and we hypothesize that this cooling caused more heat transport out of the tropics. Last, we find that similar pollution emitted from China and India in more recent decades has not led to a change in Earth’s heat transport because of counteracting changes in snow and ice in the Northern Hemisphere.
Prediction of Electricity Trade Partners Based on the Network Theory: The West Asia Community
Authors: Mirtajadini Leila , Bakhsh Shamsollah Shirin , Mousavi Mir Hossein , Heydari Kioumars , Yousefvand Saman 
Published: June 2023

This study aims to predict electricity cross-border trade partners based on the network theory and to investigate the position and importance of West Asia community in the global electricity trade network. For this purpose, the global network is constructed to examine the role of each node in the network for the time period of 2010–2018. Different communities are identified to proceed with the network analysis. The innovative analysis is link prediction to forecast missing links from the network. The results suggest more interconnectedness among community members, especially Iran, Turkey and Russia, which are the prominent nodes in the community. The link prediction outcomes offer the most probable missing links from the community and lead us to select the common neighbour approach as the most efficient method. JEL Codes: D85, Q27