bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised feature extraction of aerial images for clustering and understanding hazardous road segments
Authors: Francis John , Bright Jonathan , Esnaashari Saba , Hashem Youmna , Morgan Deborah , Straub Vincent J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAerial image data are becoming more widely available, and analysis techniques based on supervised learning are advancing their use in a wide variety of remote sensing contexts. However, supervised learning requires training datasets which are not always available or easy to construct with aerial imagery. In this respect, unsupervised machine learning techniques present important advantages. This work presents a novel pipeline to demonstrate how available aerial imagery can be used to better the provision of services related to the built environment, using the case study of road traffic collisions (RTCs) across three cities in the UK. In this paper, we show how aerial imagery can be leveraged to extract latent features of the built environment from the purely visual representation of top-down images. With these latent image features in hand to represent the urban structure, this work then demonstrates how hazardous road segments can be clustered to provide a data-augmented aid for road safety experts to enhance their nuanced understanding of how and where different types of RTCs occur.
Commonly used indices disagree about the effect of moisture on heat stress
Authors: Simpson Charles H. , Brousse Oscar , Ebi Kristie L. , Heaviside Clare 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIrrigation and urban greening can mitigate extreme temperatures and reduce adverse health impacts from heat. However, some recent studies suggest these interventions could actually exacerbate heat stress by increasing humidity. These studies use different heat stress indices (HSIs), hindering intercomparisons of the relative roles of temperature and humidity. Our method uses calculus of variations to compare the sensitivity of HSIs to temperature and humidity, independent of HSI units. We explain the properties of different HSIs and identify conditions under which they disagree. We highlight recent studies where the use of different HSIs could have led to opposite conclusions. Our findings have significant implications for the evaluation of irrigation and urban greening as adaptive responses to overheating and climate adaptation measures in general. We urge researchers to be critical in their choice of HSIs, especially in relation to health outcomes; our method provides a useful tool for making informed comparisons.
Copper–cobalt double metal cyanides as green catalysts for phosphoramidate synthesis
Authors: Fonseca Alejandro , Bugaev Aram L. , Pnevskaya Anna Yu. , Janssens Kwinten , Marquez Carlos , De Vos Dirk 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhosphoramidates are common and widespread backbones of a great variety of fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, additives and natural products. Conventional approaches to their synthesis make use of toxic chlorinated reagents and intermediates, which are sought to be avoided at an industrial scale. Here we report the coupling of phosphites and amines promoted by a Cu3[Co(CN)6]2-based double metal cyanide heterogeneous catalyst using I2 as additive for the synthesis of phosphoramidates. This strategy successfully provides an efficient, environmentally friendly alternative to the synthesis of these valuable compounds in high yields and it is, to the best of our knowledge, the first heterogeneous approach to this protocol. While the detailed study of the catalyst structure and of the metal centers by PXRD, FTIR, EXAFS and XANES revealed changes in their coordination environment, the catalyst maintained its high activity for at least 5 consecutive iterations of the reaction. Preliminary mechanism studies suggest that the reaction proceeds by a continuous change in the oxidation state of the Cu metal, induced by a O2/I− redox cycle.
From binary to singular: The AGN PSO J334.2028+1.4075 under the high-resolution scope
Authors: Benke P. , Gabányi K. É. , Frey S. , An T. , Gurvits L. I. , Kun E. , Mohan P. , Paragi Z. , Ros E. 
Published: July 2023

Context. PSO J334.2028+1.4075 (PSO J334) is a luminous quasar located at redshift z = 2.06. The source gained attention when periodic flux density variations were discovered in its optical light curve. These variations were initially interpreted as the variability due to the orbital motion of a supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) residing in a single circumbinary accretion disk. The orbital separation was determined to be 0.006 pc with an in-spiral time of 7 yr in the rest frame of PSO J334. These findings suggested the quasar could be in the gravitational wave emitting phase of its merger and so extended multiwavelength observations were commenced. However, subsequent observations provided evidence against the binary hypothesis as no optical periodicity was found on extended time baselines. On the other hand, detailed radio analysis with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) and the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) revealed a lobe-dominated quasar at kiloparsec scales, and possibly a precessing jet, which could retain PSO J334 as a binary SMBH candidate.
Aims. We aim to study both the large- and small-scale radio structures in PSO J334 to provide additional evidence for or against the binary scenario.
Methods. We observed the source at 1.7 GHz with the European Very Long Baseline Interferometry Network (EVN), and at 1.5 and 6.2 GHz with the VLA, at frequencies that complement the previous radio interferometric study.
Results. Our images reveal a single component at parsec scales slightly resolved in the southeast-northwest direction and a lobe-dominated quasar at kiloparsec scales with a complex structure. The source morphology and polarization in our VLA maps suggest that the jet is interacting with dense clumps of the ambient medium. While we also observe a misalignment between the inner jet and the outer lobes, we suggest that this is due to the restarted nature of the radio jet activity and the possible presence of a warped accretion disk rather than due to the perturbing effects of a companion SMBH.
Conclusions. Our analysis suggests that PSO J334 is most likely a jetted active galactic nucleus with a single SMBH, and there is no clear evidence of a binary SMBH system in its central engine.
Correlation of room acoustic parameters and noise level in eating establishments
Authors: Zelem Lukáš , Chmelík Vojtech , Glorieux Christ , Rychtáriková Monika 
Published: July 2023

This article addresses the impact of the occupancy level, the average acoustic absorption and the so-called acoustic capacity of a space, which is proportional with the volume and inversely proportional with the reverberation time, on the behavior of talking people in an eating establishments. Four different settings were compared: two casual dining restaurants, a self-service student canteen and a small faculty club. The Lombard effect was observed in all cases. In a restaurant with an average amount of absorbing surface of 2.4 m2 or more per person, the sound pressure level increased with more than 3 dB per doubling of the number of people. Results for the student canteen show that people started to communicate less when the number of people present was so high that the absorbing surface dropped under 1.5 m2/person (80 people). The level even stopped to increase with increasing occupancy from 150 people present and beyond, corresponding with 0.8 m2 of absorbing surface per person. This is roughly consistent with an estimated value for the acoustic capacity of that space, which was 189 people (corresponding with a table occupancy of about 72%). In the latter circumstances, the background noise level, as expressed by LA,95 was as high as 69 dB. Overcoming this level for oral communication would require a not sustainable vocal effort. In the tests performed in other restaurants, the observed occupancy was below 60%, which, thanks to the higher number of absorbing surfaces in those restaurants, was well below the acoustic capacity.
Radially Displaced Perilunate Injuries: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Krishna Sathya Vamsi , Fernandez Diego L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe present two unusual cases of radially displaced perilunate dislocations, one of which involved acute ulnar nerve compression requiring Guyon's canal release. The first case underwent closed reduction and cast immobilization but developed scapholunate instability, necessitating secondary ligament reconstruction. The second case, treated with open reduction and fixation, resulted in persistent volar intercalated segment instability of the proximal row and ulnar nerve paresthesia 1 year after surgery
Automatic graph representation algorithm for heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Gariepy Zachary , Chen ZhiWen , Tamblyn Isaac , Singh Chandra Veer , Tetsassi Feugmo Conrard Giresse 
Published: July 2023

One of the most appealing aspects of machine learning for material design is its high throughput exploration of chemical spaces, but to reach the ceiling of machine learning-aided exploration, more than current model architectures and processing algorithms are required. New architectures such as graph neural networks have seen significant research investments recently. For heterogeneous catalysis, defining substrate intramolecular bonds and adsorbate/substrate intermolecular bonds is a time-consuming and challenging process. Before applying a model, dataset pre-processing, node/bond descriptor design, and specific model constraints have to be considered. In this work, a framework designed to solve these issues is presented in the form of an automatic graph representation algorithm (AGRA) tool to extract the local chemical environment of metallic surface adsorption sites. This tool is able to gather multiple adsorption geometry datasets composed of different systems and combine them into a single model. To show AGRA’s excellent transferability and reduced computational cost compared to other graph representation methods, it was applied to five different catalytic reaction datasets and benchmarked against the Open Catalyst Projects graph representation method. The two oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) datasets with O/OH adsorbates obtained 0.053 eV root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) when combined together, whereas the three carbon dioxide reduction reaction datasets with CHO/CO/COOH obtained an average performance of 0.088 eV RMSD. To further display the algorithm’s versatility and extrapolation ability, a model was trained on a subset combination of all five datasets with an RMSD of 0.105 eV. This universal model was then used to predict a wide range of adsorption energies and an entirely new ORR catalyst system, which was then verified through density functional theory calculations.
NASICON-based all-solid-state Na–ion batteries: A perspective on manufacturing via tape-casting process
Authors: Hasegawa George , Hayashi Katsuro 
Published: July 2023

On the background of the urgent demand to realize a decarbonized society, energy storage technology plays a key role in shifting from social activities founded on the combustion of fossil fuels to those based on renewable energy resources. Toward this end, global deployment of large-scale rechargeable batteries supplying electricity to power grids is imperative, which requires widespread commercialization of high-performance and safe batteries at a low price relying on abundant and ubiquitous source materials and a cost-efficient manufacturing process. Along this line, the trend of the battery research field is currently located at a turning point: “from Li–ion to Na–ion” and “from liquid to solid electrolyte.” From the viewpoints of the distinguished oxide solid electrolyte, Na superionic conductor (NASICON), and the long-standing progress in ceramic processing, Na–ion all-solid-state batteries (Na-ASSBs) based on NASICON and its derivatives show great promise to realize an innovative and sustainable society in the future. At this moment, however, Na-ASSBs face multifaceted and formidable challenges to overcome for practical usage, mostly relating to interfacial matters in terms of interparticle and interlayer contacts. Here, we overview the recent research progress in NASICON-based solid electrolytes (SEs) from the aspects of synthetic techniques and sintering aids, particularly focusing on the tape-casting process and glass additive. We also provide insights into how to prepare electrode layers and incorporate them with an SE layer into an ASSB cell via tape casting, with the prospect of a high-capacity multilayer-stacked ASSB analogous to the multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs). In addition, the feasibility of a Na metal anode in conjunction with the NASICON-type SEs and the tape-casting process toward an MLCC-type cell configuration is discussed. In the last section, we propose our ideas about future research directions in relevant fields to achieve a breakthrough for Na-ASSBs based on NASICON.
Stable charged gravastar model in cylindrically symmetric space-time
Authors: Bhattacharjee D , Chattopadhyay P K 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we have extended the idea of gravitational Bose–Einstein condensate star (gravastar) to charged gravastar system and explored the role of charge in gravastar formation and its properties. We have used the most general line element in cylindrically symmetric space-time. In this approach, the existence of singularity at the center of gravastar is removed and the event horizon is replaced by the thin shell approximation. The proper length of the shell is calculated along with the energy of the thin shell in presence of charge. The entropy calculation shows that the entropy of the configuration is smaller than that of a quasi-black hole system and even smaller than that of a classical black hole. Unlike black hole, the gravastar system is a stable configuration and in our approach, there is no information paradox.
Effects of high-dose 80 MeV proton irradiation on the electroluminescent and electrical performance of InGaN light-emitting diodes
Authors: Cao Rongxing , Mo Wei , Zhu Tao , Lu Qihong , Sun Cong , Zhao Lin , Xue Yuxiong , Zeng Xianghua 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The paper reports on the degradation of InGaN/GaN Blue LED submitted to proton irradiation at 80 MeV and various fluences (4×1013 p cm−2 and 1×1014 p cm−2). After irradiation, we found a decrease in light output power and the external quantum efficiency with fluence. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements exhibited that the peak position at 400, 447 and 568 nm remained unchanged, only the peak intensity decreased. The intensity of the blue emission reduced by 75%, indicating that the active region degraded seriously; the intensity from In
x
Ga1-x
N (x = 0.11) reduced more than two times in comparison with the blue emission, implying that proton irradiation affected In
x
Ga1-x
N more seriously than InGaN/GaN MQWs. The degradation of LED is ascribed to the increase in the defect-related Shockley–Read–Hall recombination after 80 MeV proton irradiation with higher fluence.
Uncertainty relations for metric adjusted skew information and Cauchy–Schwarz inequality
Authors: Hu Xiaoli , Jing Naihuan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Skew information is a pivotal concept in quantum information, quantum measurement, and quantum metrology. Further studies have lead to the uncertainty relations grounded in metric-adjusted skew information. In this work, we present an in-depth investigation using the methodologies of sampling coordinates of observables and convex functions to refine the uncertainty relations in both the product form of two observables and summation form of multiple observables.
Two-fermion lattice Hamiltonian with first and second nearest-neighboring-site interactions
Authors: Lakaev Saidakhmat N , Motovilov Alexander K , Kh Abdukhakimov Saidakbar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study the Schrödinger operators

H

λ
μ

(
K
)

, with

K
∈

T

2

the fixed quasimomentum of the particles pair, associated with a system of two identical fermions on the two-dimensional lattice

Z

2

with first and second nearest-neighboring-site interactions of magnitudes

λ
∈

R

and

μ
∈

R

, respectively. We establish a partition of the

(
λ
,
μ
)
−

plane so that in each its connected component, the Schrödinger operator

H

λ
μ

(
0
)

has a definite (fixed) number of eigenvalues, which are situated below the bottom of the essential spectrum and above its top. Moreover, we establish a sharp lower bound for the number of isolated eigenvalues of

H

λ
μ

(
K
)

in each connected component.
A comparative study of the effect of synthesis method on the formation of P2- and P3-Na0.67Mn0.9Mg0.1O2 cathodes
Authors: Wilson George , Reeves-McLaren Nik , Boston Rebecca 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Na-ion batteries offer a way to develop large-scale energy storage necessary for the increased adoption of renewable energy sources. Layered transition metal oxide materials for electrodes can be synthesised using abundant and non-toxic materials, decreasing costs and risks compared to lithium-ion batteries. Solid state processing is commonly used for synthesis, using long calcinations at high temperatures (>800 °C). Other synthetic routes, such as biotemplating, offer the opportunity to reduce reaction temperatures and times, and can enable access to different polymorphs. Here, we compare the properties of Na0.67Mn0.9Mg0.1O2 synthesised by both solid state and biotemplating, producing both P2 and P3 polymorphs to understand the differences which arise as a result of synthesis and temperature choice. We show that biotemplated P3-Na0.67Mn0.9Mg0.1O2 offers increased discharge capacity over the more commonly reported P2 phase for 50 cycles at C/5, 103 mAh g−1 for biotemplated P3-NMMO. Furthermore, the biotemplating samples demonstrate improved capacity after 50 cycles at C/5, and higher capacity delivered at 5C in both P2 and P3 phases over conventional solid state synthesis.
Optimizing the growth conditions of Al mirrors for superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors
Authors: Flaschmann Rasmus , Schmid Christian , Zugliani Lucio , Strohauer Stefan , Wietschorke Fabian , Grotowski Stefanie , Jonas Björn , Müller Manuel , Althammer Matthias , Gross Rudolf , Finley Jonathan J , Müller Kai 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We investigate the growth conditions for thin (

⩽
200

nm) sputtered aluminum films. These coatings are needed for various applications, e.g. for advanced manufacturing processes in the aerospace industry or for nanostructures for quantum devices. Obtaining high-quality films, with low roughness, requires precise optimization of the deposition process. To this end, we tune various sputtering parameters such as the deposition rate, temperature and power, which enables 50 nm thin films with a root mean square roughness of less than 1 nm and high reflectivity. Finally, we confirm the high-quality of the deposited films by realizing superconducting single-photon detectors integrated into multi-layer heterostructures consisting of an aluminum mirror and a silicon dioxide dielectric spacer. We achieve an improvement in detection efficiency at 780 nm from 40% to 70% by this integration approach.
Dynamically optimizing stomatal conductance for maximum turgor-driven growth over diel and seasonal cycles
Authors: Potkay Aaron , Feng Xue 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Stomata have recently been theorized to have evolved strategies that maximize turgor-driven growth over plants’ lifetimes, finding support through steady-state solutions in which gas exchange, carbohydrate storage and growth have all reached equilibrium. However, plants do not operate near steady state as plant responses and environmental forcings vary diurnally and seasonally. It remains unclear how gas exchange, carbohydrate storage and growth should be dynamically coordinated for stomata to maximize growth. We simulated the gas exchange, carbohydrate storage and growth that dynamically maximize growth diurnally and annually. Additionally, we test whether the growth-optimization hypothesis explains nocturnal stomatal opening, particularly through diel changes in temperature, carbohydrate storage and demand. Year-long dynamic simulations captured realistic diurnal and seasonal patterns in gas exchange as well as realistic seasonal patterns in carbohydrate storage and growth, improving upon unrealistic carbohydrate responses in steady-state simulations. Diurnal patterns of carbohydrate storage and growth in day-long simulations were hindered by faulty modelling assumptions of cyclic carbohydrate storage over an individual day and synchronization of the expansive and hardening phases of growth, respectively. The growth-optimization hypothesis cannot currently explain nocturnal stomatal opening unless employing corrective ‘fitness factors’ or reframing the theory in a probabilistic manner, in which stomata adopt an inaccurate statistical ‘memory’ of night-time temperature. The growth-optimization hypothesis suggests that diurnal and seasonal patterns of stomatal conductance are driven by a dynamic carbon-use strategy that seeks to maintain homeostasis of carbohydrate reserves.
Practice Patterns: An American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) Member Survey, 2000 and 2020—How Much Has Brow Lifting Changed?
Authors: Coombs Demetrius M , Sinclair Nicholas R , Kochuba Andrew , Grow Jacob , Couto Rafael A , Matarasso Alan , Zins James E 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
In 2001, Elkwood and Matarasso published an American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) member survey detailing brow lift practice patterns. Interval changes in practice patterns have not been studied.

Objectives
The previous survey was revised to elucidate current trends in brow lift surgery.

Methods
A 34-question descriptive survey was distributed to a random group of 2360 ASPS members. Results were compared to the 2001 survey.

Results
A total of 257 responses were collected (11% response rate; ± 6% margin of error at 95% CI). The most frequent technique for the correction of brow ptosis in both surveys was the endoscopic approach. The use of hardware fixation has increased in endoscopic brow lifting, whereas the use of cortical tunnels has decreased. Although coronal brow lifting has decreased in frequency, hairline and isolated temporal lift have increased. Neuromodulators have replaced resurfacing techniques as the most common nonsurgical adjunct. Frequent use of neuromodulators has risen from 11.2% to 88.5%. Nearly 30% of current surgeons feel that neuromodulators have replaced formal brow lifting procedures to a significant degree.

Conclusions
In comparing the 2001 and current ASPS member survey there has been a clear transition to less invasive procedures over time. Although the endoscopic approach was the most popular means of forehead correction in both surveys, coronal brow lifting has decreased in frequency and the hairline and temporal approaches have increased. Neurotoxins have replaced laser resurfacing and chemical peeling methods as an adjunct, and in some cases replaced the invasive procedure entirely. Possible explanations for these findings will be discussed.

Level of Evidence: 4