bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acquisition and annotation in high resolution in vivo digital biopsy by confocal microscopy for diagnosis in oral precancer and cancer
Authors: Yap Tami , Tan Ivy , Ramani Rishi S. , Bhatia Nirav , Demetrio de Souza Franca Paula , Angel Chris , Moore Caroline , Reiner Thomas , Bussau Lindsay , McCullough Michael J. 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionScanned fibre endomicroscopes are full point-scanning confocal microscopes with submicron lateral resolution with an optical slice thickness thin enough to isolate individual cell layers, allow active positioning of the optical slice in the z-axis and collection of megapixel images. Here we present descriptive findings and a brief atlas of an acquisition and annotation protocol high resolution in vivo capture of oral mucosal pathology including oral squamous cell carcinoma and dysplasia using a fluorescence scanned fibre endomicroscope with 3 topical fluorescent imaging agents: fluorescein, acriflavine and PARPi-FL.MethodsDigital biopsy was successfully performed via an acquisition protocol in seventy-one patients presenting for investigation of oral mucosal abnormalities using a miniaturized, handheld scanned fibre endoscope. Multiple imaging agents were utilized and multiple time points sampled. Fifty-nine patients had a matched histopathology correlating in location with imaging. The images were annotated back to macrographic location using a purpose-built software, MouthMap™.ResultsAcquisition and annotation of cellular level resolved images was demonstrated with all 3 topical agents. Descriptive observations between clinically or histologically normal oral mucosa showed regular intranuclear distance, a regular nuclear profile and fluorescent homogeneity. This was dependent on the intraoral location and type of epithelium being observed. Key features of malignancy were a loss of intranuclear distance, disordered nuclear clustering and irregular nuclear fluorescence intensity and size. Perinuclear fluorescent granules were seen in the absence of irregular nuclear features in lichenoid inflammation.DiscussionHigh resolution oral biopsy allows for painless and rapid capture of multiple mucosal sites, resulting in more data points to increase diagnostic precision. High resolution digital micrographs can be easily compared serially across multiple time points utilizing an annotation software. In the present study we have demonstrated realization of a high-resolution digital biopsy protocol of the oral mucosa for utility in the diagnosis of oral cancer and precancer..
Effects of Litsea cubeba essential oil on growth performance, blood antioxidation, immune function, apparent digestibility of nutrients, and fecal microflora of pigs
Authors: Chen Fengming , Wang Yushi , Wang Kaijun , Chen Jiayi , Jin Ke , Peng Kaiqiang , Chen Xu , Liu Zhimou , Ouyang Jiang , Wang Yong , Zhang Xiaoya , Zou Haowei , Zhou Jun , He Binsheng , Lin Qian 
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of Litsea cubeba essential oil (LCO) on the growth performance, blood antioxidation, immune function, apparent digestibility of nutrients, and fecal microflora in fattening pigs. A total of 120 pigs were randomly assigned to five groups, with six replicate pens per treatment and four pigs per pen, and they were fed basal diet, chlortetracycline (CTC), and low-, medium-, and high-concentration LCO. The results of the study showed that compared with the control treatment and CTC addition treatment of the basic diet, the catalase level in the serum of the pigs treated with 500 mg/kg LCO in the diet of finishing pigs was significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05). The apparent digestibility of crude protein, crude ash, and calcium in pigs with different levels of LCO was significantly increased compared with the control treatments fed the basal diet (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, compared with the control treatment fed the basal diet and the treatment with CTC, the apparent digestibility of ether extract in pigs treated with medium-dose LCO was significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05), and the apparent digestibility of pigs was significantly increased after the addition of low-dose LCO (p &lt; 0.05). Among the genera, the percentage abundance of SMB53 (p &lt; 0.05) was decreased in the feces of the CTC group when compared to that in the medium-LCO group. At the same time, the relative abundance of L7A_E11 was markedly decreased in the feces of the control and medium- and high-concentration LCO group than that in the CTC group (p &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, adding the level of 250 mg/kg LCO in the diet of pig could improve the growth performance and blood physiological and biochemical indicators of pigs, improve the antioxidant level of body and the efficiency of digestion and absorption of nutrients, and show the potential to replace CTC.
Nitro-benzylideneoxymorphone, a bifunctional mu and delta opioid receptor ligand with high mu opioid receptor efficacy
Authors: Olson Keith M. , Devereaux Andrea L. , Chatterjee Payal , Saldaña-Shumaker Savanah L. , Shafer Amanda , Plotkin Adam , Kandasamy Ram , MacKerell Alexander D. , Traynor John R. , Cunningham Christopher W. 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: There is a major societal need for analgesics with less tolerance, dependence, and abuse liability. Preclinical rodent studies suggest that bifunctional ligands with both mu (MOPr) and delta (DOPr) opioid peptide receptor activity may produce analgesia with reduced tolerance and other side effects. This study explores the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of our previously reported MOPr/DOPr lead, benzylideneoxymorphone (BOM) with C7-methylene-substituted analogs.Methods: Analogs were synthesized and tested in vitro for opioid receptor binding and efficacy. One compound, nitro-BOM (NBOM, 12) was evaluated for antinociceptive effects in the warm water tail withdrawal assay in C57BL/6 mice. Acute and chronic antinociception was determined, as was toxicologic effects on chronic administration. Molecular modeling experiments were performed using the Site Identification by Ligand Competitive Saturation (SILCS) method.Results: NBOM was found to be a potent MOPr agonist/DOPr partial agonist that produces high-efficacy antinociception. Antinociceptive tolerance was observed, as was weight loss; this toxicity was only observed with NBOM and not with BOM. Modeling supports the hypothesis that the increased MOPr efficacy of NBOM is due to the substituted benzylidene ring occupying a nonpolar region within the MOPr agonist state.Discussion: Though antinociceptive tolerance and non-specific toxicity was observed on repeated administration, NBOM provides an important new tool for understanding MOPr/DOPr pharmacology.
Effects of emotional regulation and impulsivity on sports performance: the mediating role of gender and competition level
Authors: Millán-Sánchez Antonio , Madinabeitia Iker , de la Vega Ricardo , Cárdenas David , Ureña Aurelio 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionThis study aimed to study the relationships between emotional regulation and impulsivity on sports performance, according to the gender and competition level in national-level volleyball players.MethodsIn total, 77 players from the 2018–2019 top two Spanish divisions completed the ERQ (emotion regulation) and the UPPS-P (impulsivity). Statistics (serve, reception, and attack) were retrieved from the Spanish Volleyball Federation. A Mann–Whitney test was conducted to determine differences between gender and competition level in impulsivity and emotion regulation. A Kruskal–Wallis test (Mann–Whitney post-hoc) was carried out for playing positions analysis. Spearman's correlation was performed between the performance and the variables of impulsivity and emotional regulation.ResultsThe results obtained, with differences according to playing position, gender, and competition level, show that players differ in certain psychological aspects that might influence how they approach their game.DiscussionThe results point in a promising direction: the sports practice analyzed can serve as a regulation context, for both the emotional response and the level of impulsivity of the players. The importance of these results for future research on this topic is discussed.
Soundscape and subjective factors affecting residents’ evaluation of aircraft noise in the communities under flight routes
Authors: Qu Fei , Li Zhuoming , Zhang Tongtong , Huang Wenjun 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionAircraft noise is one of the most significant sources of environmental pollution in large cities. During the COVID-19 pandemic, strict lockdown in community might increase residents’ discomfort with the noise, which could disrupt public activities and reduce subjective well-being. Most of the existing studies considered aircraft noise as a single sound source, which have ignored the influence of other sounds in the community. This paper applied field survey to identify the soundscape and non-acoustic factors related to aircraft noise evaluation.MethodsPaper questionnaires were delivered to select residents of three sample residential areas near Shenzhen Bao’an International Airport to investigate residents’ general health, evaluation of aircraft noise, community activities, and attitudinal factors. The relationship between respondent’s noise evaluations and subjective factors were investigated through statistical analyses controlling for measured aircraft noise levels and the existence of soundscape facilities.ResultsThe results indicated that the negative effects of aircraft noise were enhanced during the lock down, especially for frequent space users and those residents in poor health status. Under conditions of similar levels of aircraft noise exposure, communities with more birdsong and fountain sounds had lower proportion of highly annoyed respondents and higher level of soundscape ratings. This paper further indicated that personal factors including fear of air travel, noise sensitivity, and the frequency of outdoor activity had increased the level of annoyance to aircraft noise, while higher degree of annoyance to aircraft noise was associated with poor health status.DiscussionThe findings implied the moderating effects of subjective factors and the restorative effects of natural sounds, which could inform aircraft noise control and community consultation strategies by protecting vulnerable populations and creating community soundscape facilities. Future research might conduct a pre- and post-experiment to estimate the potential causal impact of the soundscape intervention.
Strategic actions to advance multipurpose prevention technologies in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Young Holt Bethany , van der Straten Ariane , Barker Taryn , Chirenje Z. Mike , Cameron Anne-Isabelle , Scott Cherise , Casas Carmen Pérez , Romano Joseph 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundHIV, other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies are critical and interlinked health risks for millions of women of reproductive age worldwide. Multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) offer an innovative approach for expanding combined pregnancy and/or disease prevention. So far, MPT development efforts have focused mostly on HIV prevention, but about half of product candidates comprise compounds active against non-HIV STIs as well. This review aims to provide a framework that promotes the efficient advancement of the most promising preclinical products through the development pathway and into the hands of end-users, with a focus on women in low- and middle-income countries (L/MICs).MethodsThis mini review provides a summary of the current landscape of the MPT field. It comprises a landscape assessment of MPTs in development, complemented by a series of 28 in-depth, semi-structured key informant interviews (KIIs) with experts representing different L/MIC perspectives.Main resultsWe identified six primary action strategies to advance MPTs for L/MICs, including identification of key research gaps and priorities. For each action strategy, progress to date and key recommendations are included.ConclusionsTo realize the life-saving potential of MPTs and maximize the momentum made to date, a strategic, collaborative and well-funded response to the gaps and next steps outlined in this paper is critical. A coordinated response can add rigor and efficiency to the development process, to successfully advance the most promising MPT products to the hands of end-users.
Information communication and technology in sports: a meticulous review
Authors: Reyaz Nahida , Ahamad Gulfam , Naseem Mohd , Ali Javed , Rahmani Khalid Imam 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionSports of all kinds even though have an alluring property of keeping their onlookers stuck to their place, the introduction of Technology, however, revolutionized it all together. Not only in legal sports but also the training and teaching methods have been reformed. The use of Information Communication and Technology (ICT) based technologies [Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Hawkeye, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, etc.] has moderately increased the interactive nature of sports. Employing ICT-driven technologies have continuously been increasing performance levels due to which high effective performance levels have been achieved. In addition to offering information to the users, it also acts as a means for connecting and interacting with the remaining world. In this article, we provide a review of the studies considering the developments and impact of employing ICT technology on sports, especially cricket. The study has focussed on domain-specific developments in cricket sports: developments in the batting domain, bowling domain, and wicketkeeping as well.MethodsFor the study, the analysis has been done following the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsThe study found that even though the researchers have done justifiable work in employing technology in sports as a whole but the domain-specific contribution in sports like cricket is not at the level as is need of the hour. In addition to the mentioned domains in the study, the research should gain speed in other domains like domain-specific Talent Identification for both genders, different age groups, diverse sports, etc.Discussionundoubtedly, the sports domain is employing technology at a vast level but a few domains like sports talent identification especially related to the most famous games like cricket require an immediate and intense focus of the researchers. Since this domain is still carrying out a traditional coach-oriented approach. There is an acute need to revolutionize the domain by incorporating modern technologies into it.
Small ruminant value chain and empowerment: a gendered baseline study from Ethiopia
Authors: Kinati Wole , Temple Elizabeth C. , Baker Derek , Najjar Dina 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionDespite growing interest in gender analysis in value chains, comparatively few studies have analyzed gender relations in small ruminant value chains using sex-disaggregated quantitative data in livestock-based systems.MethodsDrawing on baseline data from the Small Ruminant Value Chain Development Program (SRVD) in Ethiopia, this study aims to address two research questions: what is the gender status along small ruminant value chain stages and the related associations among aspects of empowerment and socio-economic variables? We employed empowerment and value chain frameworks to address these research questions.Results and conclusionOur findings reveal that small ruminant market participation, related decisions, and control over income are gender differential. Estimation results identified several variables significantly associated with agency dimensions, achievements, or both, with mixed results. These are age group, context, being married, being men and head of household, participation in breeding stock selection, livestock ownership, contact with extension agents, access to market information, and participation in selling at marketplaces. Participation in a small ruminant value chain may encourage more egalitarian decision-making behaviors but does not guarantee the capacity to make autonomous decision-making, and thus needs to be coupled with interventions on empowerment dimensions. Nevertheless, further investigations are required to establish the mixed results with additional variables on norms.
The Women Making Their Mark in Modern Scottish Medical History
Authors: Au Stephanie , de Beaux Andrew 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Women in medicine and surgery are a recent phenomenon. The aim of this study was to review the modern history of pioneering women in medicine and surgery in Scotland.Methods: A variety of sources were searched including Google, PubMed, and the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh publications to source the material for this paper.Results: Despite over five centuries of Scottish universities offering medical degrees, women have only had the right to study medicine for 150 years. However, the lives of women pioneers who either circumnavigated or surmounted this inequality, namely, “James Barry” and Sophia Jex-Blake, are briefly told.Conclusion: Doctors today owe a debt to those who pushed the boundaries, challenged the unfair rules and tackled institutional gender inequality in medicine. Reading about their lives and work is uplifting.
Correlation analysis of circulating tumor cells and Claudin-4 in breast cancer
Authors: Chai Jie , Liu Xiangli , Hu Xinju , Wang Chunfang 
Published: July 2023

Objective: We aimed to explore the relationship between peripheral blood circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and the expression of Claudin-4 in patients with breast cancer, and further explore the potential impact on clinical prognosis and risk assessment.Methods: We classified and enumerated circulating tumor cells in the blood of breast cancer patients by CTC-enriched in situ hybridization and the detection of Claudin-4 expression by immunohistochemistry. We carried out an analysis of the correlation between the two and the comparison of their impact on clinical parameters and prognosis.Results: There were 38 patients with a low expression of Claudin-4 and 27 patients with a high expression of Claudin-4. Compared with Claudin-4 low-expression patients, the number of CTCs was higher in patients with high Claudin-4 expression (11.7 vs. 7.4, p &lt; 0.001). High Claudin-4 expression was associated with a lower count of epithelial CTCs (E-CTCs) (3.4 vs. 5.0, p = 0.033), higher counts of mesenchymal CTCs (M-CTC) (4.4 vs. 1.1, p &lt; 0.001), and epithelial/mesenchymal CTCs (E/M-CTCs) (4.0 vs. 3.5, p = 0.021). The intensity of Claudin-4 was positively correlated with CTC (rs = 0.43, p = 0.001). Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that CTC counts (HR = 1.3, p &lt; 0.001), Claudin-4 (HR = 4.6, p = 0.008), and Lymphatic metastasis (HR = 12.9, p = 0.001) were independent factors for poor prognosis. COX regression of CTC classification showed that epithelial/mesenchymal CTCs (E/M-CTC) (HR = 1.9, p = 0.001) and mesenchymal CTCs (M-CTC) (HR = 1.5, p = 0.001) were independent influencing factors of adverse reactions in breast cancer patients.Conclusion: The number of CTC in breast cancer is positively correlated with the expression of Claudin-4. High CTC counts and a high proportion of M-CTCs correlated with Claudin-4 expression. CTC counts and Claudin-4 expression were independent predictors of poor prognosis in breast cancer patients.
DNA Barcoding and Molecular Phylogenetics Revealed a New Cryptic Bamboo Aphid Species of the Genus Takecallis (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Wieczorek Karina , Sawka-Gądek Natalia 
Published: July 2023

Takecallis nigroantennatus Wieczorek sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Aphididae), associated with the cold hardy bamboo variety Fargesia spp. (Bambusoideae), is described and illustrated along with a key to species of the genus Takecallis. The results of a mitochondrial COI (DNA barcoding) and nuclear elongation factor 1 (EF1α) gene sequences, which confirm the genetic difference of the new taxon from the other congeneric species, are provided. The possible way of introduction of this species to Europe is discussed with its new locality from Belgium.
Extraction, Isolation, Screening, and Preliminary Characterization of Polysaccharides with Anti–Oxidant Activities from Oudemansiella raphanipies
Authors: Qiu Junqiang , Shi Wang , Miao Jingnan , Hu Hui , Gao Yanan 
Published: July 2023

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to find the optimal extraction process of Oudemansiella raphanipies polysaccharides (ORPs). The results showed that the optimal extraction parameters were an alkali concentration of 0.02 mol/L, a ratio of material to liquid of 1:112.7 g/mL, an extraction temperature of 66.0 °C, and an extraction time of 4.0 h. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of ORPs was raised to 16.2 ± 0.1%. The antioxidant activities of ORPs–I~V were determined and compared, and ORPs–V was further purified by chromatography, with an average molecular weight (Mw) of 18.86 kDa. The structure of ORPs–V was determined by Fourier transform–infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR), monosaccharide analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The ORPs–V comprised fucose, rhamnose, arabinose, glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose, fructose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid at a ratio of 1.73:1.20:1.13:2.87:8.71:2.89:1.42:0.81. Compared to other ORPs, ORPs–V showed the strongest antioxidant activities (ABTS radical cation, hydroxyl radical and DPPH scavenging activities, and reducing power), and were able to significantly increase the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glutathione peroxidase. However, they reduced the malondialdehyde content in mice fed a high-fat diet. These results indicate that ORPs–V may be good anti–oxidant agents to be applied in functional foods.
Factores culturales en la producción de cacao en Manabí-Ecuador
Authors: Ureta Zambrano Maritza Irinuska , Mera Macías Rosario Beatriz , Franco Faria de Sousa Susana Manuela , Vera Delgado Juan Manuel 
Published: July 2023

Los factores culturales de una población son muy relevantes, ya que enmarcan las características que diferencian a los diferentes grupos humanos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar cómo los factores culturales aportan en la producción de cacao, identificando las perspectivas de los pequeños productores y de los directivos de instituciones públicas competentes en el sector cacaotero de la provincia de Manabí, tomando el esquema de la asociatividad, ya que se considera que este presenta beneficios dentro del encadenamiento de comercialización de los pequeños productores rurales. La investigación se encuadró metodológicamente en el paradigma interpretativo, recopilando datos cualitativos, a través de técnicas como entrevistas semiestructuradas y Focus Group. Se aplicó el método estudio de caso, lo que permitió estudiar a profundidad y de forma natural la problemática. Los principales resultados obtenidos se orientan a que en la calidad del cacao destaca la relevancia de los factores culturales y la producción orgánica, pero a la vez se presenta una notable preocupación por parte de los pequeños productores cacaoteros, afirmando que las nuevas generaciones optan por dedicarse a otras actividades, lo que podría ser contraproducente para la actividad agrícola.