bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Twin of Micro-Milling Process for Micro-Tool Wear Monitoring
Authors: Christiand Christiand , Kiswanto Gandjar , Baskoro Ario Sunar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

This paper presents a novel digital twin of the micro-milling process that can indirectly monitor the micro-tool wear progression by making inferences from the real-time and simulated variables of the micro-milling process. With its wear monitoring service, the digital twin is regarded as the new approach in the field of tool wear monitoring (TWM) systems. The dynamics of the micro-milling process are simulated by using physics-based models, such as spindle motor, spindle controller, and cutting torque models with real-time data from the actual micro-milling machine. The advantage of the proposed digital twin is that the wear monitoring can adaptively adjust to the main machining parameters, such as feed rate and spindle speed. Therefore, exhaustive training of the models is not needed whenever the machining parameters change. The performance of the digital twin in monitoring the wear progression has been evaluated through several slot micro-milling experiments of the stainless steel workpiece. The evaluation and analysis of the experiment result concluded that the proposed digital twin could detect wear progression abnormality by using the estimate discrepancy. Furthermore, the wear severity could be recognized using the final wear estimation value.
Assessment of Medical Students’ Knowledge and Capabilities to Provide Preventive Care: a Cross- Sectional Study in Casablanca, Morocco
Authors: Fatima-Ezzahraa WAFQUI , Oumnia BOUADDI , Ghita Wissad , Bennaceur Benali 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background:Eighty percent of deaths in Morocco are attributable to Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) and the estimated shortage in Moroccan healthcare workforce is below the WHO recommended limit. It is therefore crucial to prepare future physicians to meet national health priorities and respond to the high burden of NCDs. Our aim was to evaluate the perceptions of medical students on prevention and the areas of preventive medicine.Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 5thyear medical students at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy in Casablanca. Participants were invited to complete an anonymous pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire at the end of the 2020/2021 academic year. A hundred and twenty-three 5thyear medical students were included in the study.Results:Fifty-five percent of students considered their knowledge in the field prevention to be average and 38% considered it to be insufficient. Around 70% of students felt that their knowledge about hypertension screening and the prevention of sexually-transmitted infections (STIs) was good. However, 68% of participants felt that their knowledge about family planning was poor. Furthermore, 95% of the students declared having a high interest in prevention and 76% consider it to be very important in the training of general practitioners. However, only 52% felt capable of providing prevention advice to their patients.Conclusions: Our study revealed the need for more in-depth investigations regarding prevention in medical education and highlighted the need to strengthen medical students’ knowledge and capabilities in delivering preventive services to their patients.
BMSC reduces ROS and inflammation levels by inhibiting TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB signaling axis to alleviate dry eye
Authors: Zhao Dandan , Zhao Hongxia , He Yang , Zhang Meixia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on dry eye mice, and to investigate the mechanism of TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB signaling pathway on corneal injury repair in dry eye mice.
Methods To establish a hypertonic dry eye cell model. Western blot for measureing the protein expressions of caspase-1, IL-1β，NLRP3 and ASC，and Rt-qpcr for mRNA expression. Flow cytometry for detecting the ROS content and apoptosis rate. CCK-8 for detecting the proliferation activity of cells, and ELISA for the levels of inflammation-related factors.The levels of inflammation-related factors were detected by ELISA. The dry eye mouse model of benzalkonium chloride was established. Three clinical parameters used to evaluate ocular surface damage, namely tear secretion, tear film rupture time and corneal sodium fluorescein staining, were measured with phenol cotton thread. Flow cytometry and TUNEL staining are both for he apoptosis rate. Western blot also for detecting the protein expressions of TLR4, MYD88, NF-κB, inflammation-related factors and apoptosis-related factors . The pathological changes were evaluated by HE and PAS staining.
Results In vitro, BMSCs and inhibitors of TLR4, MYD88 and NF-κB showed decreased ROS content, decreased inflammatory factor protein level, decreased apoptotic protein level and increased mRNA expression compared with NaCl group. BMSCS partially reversed cell apoptosis induced by NaCl and improved cell proliferation. In vivo, it reduces corneal epithelial defects, goblet cell loss and inflammatory cytokine production, and increases tear production. In vitro, BMSC and inhibitors of TLR4, MYD88 and NF-κB could protect mice from apoptosis induced by hypertonic stress. In terms of mechanism, NACL-induced NLRP3 inflammasome formation, caspase-1 activation and IL-1β maturation can be inhibited.
Conclusion BMSCs treatment can reduce ROS and inflammation levels and alleviate dry eye by inhibiting TLR4/MYD88/NF-κBsignaling pathway.
MAGIC (Maternal Glucose in Pregnancy) - Understanding the glycemic profile of pregnancy, intensive CGM glucose profiling and its relationship to fetal growth. An observational study protocol
Authors: Scott Eleanor M , Murphy Helen R. , Myers Jenny , Saravanan Ponnusamy , Poston Lucilla , Law Graham R 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides the most objective method of assessing glucose in daily life. Although there have been small, short-term physiologic studies of glucose metabolism in ‘healthy’ pregnant women a comprehensive, longitudinal description of changes in glucose over the course of pregnancy and how glucose dysregulation earlier in pregnancy relates to traditional third trimester screening for gestational diabetes, fetal growth and pregnancy outcomes is lacking. This study aims to characterise longitudinal changes in glycemia across gestation using CGM, in order to understand the evolution of dysglycemia and its relationship to fetal growth.
Method/design: A multi-centre, prospective, observational, cohort study of 500 healthy pregnant women, recruited in the first trimester of pregnancy. Masked CGM will be performed for a 14-day period on five occasions across pregnancy at ~ 10-12, 18-20, 26-28, 34-36 weeks gestation and postnatally. Routinely collected anthropometric and sociodemographic information will be recorded at each visit including: weight, height, blood pressure, current medication. Age, parity, ethnicity, smoking will be recorded. Blood samples will be taken at each visit for HbA1c and a sample stored. Details on fetal growth from ultrasound scans and the OGTT results will be recorded. Maternal and neonatal outcomes will be collected. CGM glucose profiling is the exposure of interest, and will be performed using standard summary statistics, functional data analysis and glucotyping. The primary maternal outcome is clinical diagnosis of GDM. The primary neonatal outcome is large for gestational age (LGA) (>90th centile defined by customised birthweight centile). The relationship of glucose to key secondary maternal and neonatal outcomes will be explored.
Discussion: This study will ascertain the relationship of maternal dysglycemia to fetal growth and outcomes. It will explore whether CGM glucose profiling can detect GDM before the OGTT; or indeed whether CGM glucose profiling may be more useful than the OGTT at detecting LGA and other perinatal outcomes.
Trial registration: ISRCTN 5706303 https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN15706303 Registration date: 13th March 2023.
Uncovering Novel Genetic Loci and Biological Pathways Associated with Age-Related Cataracts through GWAS Meta-Analysis
Authors: Torres Santiago Diaz , Lee Samantha Sze-Yee , García-Marín Luis , Campos Adrian , Lingham Garreth , Ong Jue-Sheng , Mackey David , Burdon Kathryn , Hunter Michael , MacGregor Stuart , Dong Xianjun , Gharahkhani Puya , Renteria Miguel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Age-related cataract is a highly prevalent eye disorder that results in the clouding of the crystalline lens and is one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness. The disease is influenced by multiple factors including genetics, prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and a history of diabetes. However, the extent to which each of these factors contributes to the development of cataracts remains unclear. Further research into the genetic basis of cataracts could provide valuable insights into the disease's etiology and lead to a better understanding of biological mechanisms that are associated with its development.
Methods
This study presents the largest genome-wide association study of cataracts to date, using data from 127,985 cases and 837,371 controls. We performed gene enrichment analysis to identify genes and biological pathways associated with cataracts. We integrated our results with gene expression reference datasets to identify genetic variants modifying risk for cataracts through changes in the expression of specific genes. We further explored drug-gene interactions to better understand the potential impact of pharmacological interventions on cataract development. Finally, we explored whether a causal relationship underlies the known comorbidity between type 1 diabetes and cataracts using a mendelian randomization framework, and the association between UV exposure and cataract risk in adults using a polygenic risk scoring approach.
Findings
Our study identified 85 independent genome-wide significant loci, 37 of which are novel. Gene-based association tests identified 126 genes associated with cataracts, hinting at a potential relationship between negative regulation of lipid biosynthesis and the development of cataracts. Four of the genes identified GNL3, JAG1, METTL21A, and CREB1 are involved in drug-gene interactions. Moreover, Mendelian Randomisation analysis identified a putative causal relationship between genetic predisposition to type 1 diabetes and an increased risk of cataracts. Lastly, we found evidence indicating that early-life exposure to UVR may have an impact on the later development of cataracts.
Interpretation
Our findings advance our understanding of the genetic basis of cataract and provide new insights into its etiology. We identified multiple genes and biological pathways associated with the condition, including associations with four genes from which drug repurposing could be proposed. Our results suggest a causal association between type 1 diabetes and cataracts. Also, we highlighted a surrogate measure of UV light exposure as a marker of cataract risk in adults and drug-genes interactions that has the potential of informing novel therapies.
Experimental investigation of the flow characteristics of jet pumps for zero flow-ratio conditions
Authors: Liang Yunzhi , Wang Jiong , Zhang Zuti , Ji Bin , Cheng Huaiyu , Long Xinping 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Experimental research was conducted on the performance curves and the cavity evolution for different flow and geometric parameters in jet pumps for zero flow-ratio (ZFR) conditions. New pressure ratio, Pr, and flow ratio, qr, were used in place of the conventional performance parameters h and q, to characterize the jet pump flow performance. A super cavitation cavity in the jet pump was observed to fill most of the flow channel, which hindered further increases of the flow rate and increased qr to one, thus, created a critical point on the new Pr-qr2 curve. Before the critical point, Pr was proportional to qr2 with a coefficient that was much more sensitive to the area ratio than the relative throat length and the diffusion angle. After the critical point, the flow rate reached its maximum, the limiting flow rate, which only depended on the total inlet pressure and the area ratio. The total inlet pressure was proportional to the square of the limiting flow rate with a flow coefficient that was only a quadratic function of the area ratio.
Research on the Theme of One-child’s Needs for Parents’ Elderly Care based on Thematic Analysis of the BTM model
Authors: Dai Jing , Lyu Fang , Yu Lin , Zhou Zixuan , He Yunyu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective China is facing a serious aging problem, because there will be 190.64 million senior people in China, or 13.50 percent of the country's total population by the end of 2020. People who experience the one-child policy have entered the stage of old age Families with fewer children have more strain from their parents' advanced age. Therefore, this research aims to find one child's needs for caring for aging parents.
Methods In this study, a total of 279 posts and more than 13,000 related comments were gathered using a Python crawler to harvest data from the Only Child parents' elderly care Exchange Organization group on Douban. The BTM algorithm, a topic model approach for short texts, and the sentiment analysis dictionary from the Harbin Institute of Technology were employed in this study to analyze sentiment.
Results in Seven themes were detected by the BTM model. The sentiment analysis results demonstrated that users' positive and negative feelings were mixed.
Conclusion Children in Chinese families with one child face a more significant burden of aging out, especially in terms of money, work, and marriage. The time-consuming and laborious care of the elderly puts them under more pressure to work. Therefore to relieve the pressure of old age for only children we have to start from three aspects.
Ectopic colloid goitre in mediastinum with normal thyroid gland
Authors: Kolwalkar Jagannath , Samant Dattaprasad , Borkar Shirish , Vidyasagar M Sunil Chandra , Vaggar Jagadeesh N 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Ectopic thyroid tissue is a rare developmental abnormality involving aberrant embryogenesis of thyroid gland during its passage form primitive foregut to pretracheal position , most frequent position is the base of tongue (lingual thyroid) however it has been described in other sites like submandibular region, trachea , mediastinum , subdiaphragmatic regions
Comparing the health of refugee and asylee patients with that of non-refugee immigrant and US-born patients: a cross-sectional study in a large urban clinic
Authors: Raphael Eva , Barton Michelle , Jaradeh Katrin , Dieterich Cristy , Hamad Rita 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objectives. To compare disease burden in refugee/asylee, non-refugee immigrant, and US-born patients in the largest safety net clinic in San Francisco, California.
Methods. This is a cross-sectional study including 343 refugee/asylee, 450 immigrant, and 202 US-born patients in a San Francisco clinic from January 2014 to December 2017. Using electronic medical records, we compared prevalence of several diseases by immigration status. Using Poisson regression models with robust variance, we assessed association of diseases with immigration status, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics.
Results. Non-communicable chronic diseases were less common in refugees/asylees, who had a greater burden of mental health conditions. For example, compared with refugees/asylees, US-born patients were more likely to have hypertension (IRR[CI] = 2.5 [1.4, 4.6]) and less likely to have depression (IRR[CI] = 0.5 [0.3, 0.8]). US-born (IRR[CI] = 0.06 [0.01, 0.3]) and immigrant patients (IRR[CI] = 0.1 [0.05, 0.2]) were less likely to have post-traumatic stress disorder.
Conclusions. We uncover differences in burden of non-communicable chronic diseases and mental health by immigration status. These results highlight the importance of clinical screenings and research on disease burden in refugees.
The design and validation of a Compassion Fatigue Scale in Peruvian nurses
Authors: Esteban Renzo Felipe Carranza , Mamani-Benito Oscar , Chaparro Josué Edison Turpo , Sosa Janett V. Chávez , Lingán-Huamán Susana K. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective: To design and validate the Compassion Fatigue Scale (EFat-Com) in Peruvian nurses.
Methods: A 13-item scale was designed using qualitative procedures and expert judgment. This version was administered to 201 nursing professionals using an electronic form along with two other measures: the Patient Health Questionnarie-2 and the Satisfaction with Life Scale.
Results: Exploratory factor analysis supported the existence of two factors with factor loadings >0.54. Confirmatory factor analysis of the two-factor model yielded satisfactory fit indices after the elimination of two items. Regarding concurrent validity, a positive relationship was obtained between the EFat-Com and the measure of depression; however, no correlation was found with the measure of life satisfaction. The internal consistency was 0.807 for the total scale, 0.79 for Factor 1, and 0.83 for Factor 2.
Conclusions: The EFat-Com showed adequate psychometric properties with respect to content-based validity evidence, internal structure, and reliability. Therefore, the instrument can be used in research and professional settings. However, it is essential to continue studying the validity evidence in other contexts.
Unraveling the roles of Enterobacter cloacae (ON955844) and Achromobacter xylosoxidans (ON955872) as endophytes with in vitro plant growth promoting activities and as antagonist against Curvularia lunata (ON246070) causing leaf spot disease of banana from Raiganj, Uttar Dinajpur
Authors: Chowhan Papan , Swarnakar Shambhu , Tiru Zerald , Mandal Parimal , Chakraborty Arka Pratim 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background One of the most widely consumed fruits in the world, is the banana (Musa sp.). Endophytic bacteria found in bananas have the ability to stop the growth of pathogenic fungi like leaf spot disease.Methods and Results The goal of the research was to identify and examine two endophytic bacteria's potential as antifungal agents against the leaf spot disease and other plant growth promoting (PGP) activities. The steps in this study are sample collection from the soil, the roots, and diseased leaves, isolation, antagonist assays of two endophytic bacteria (MRH − 06 and MRH − 11) against the fungus pathogen (MLP-01), and identification using 16S rDNA and 18s rDNA partial sequencing. Enterobacter cloacae (ON955844) and Achromobacter xylosoxidans (ON955872) the two bacterial isolates showed antagonistic activity against the fungal pathogen Curvularia lunata (ON246070).Conclusion Utilizing such potent endophytes to restrict or suppress phytopathogenic activity is an alternative method and these have great potential in agricultural in future.
Robust and perfectible constraints on human-induced Arctic amplification
Authors: Douville Herve 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Arctic near-surface warming is much faster than its global counterpart. Yet, this Arctic amplification occurs a rate that is season, model and forcing-dependent. The present study aims at using temperature observations and reanalyses to constrain the projections of Arctic climate during the November-to-March season. Results show that the recently observed four-fold warming ratio is not entirely due to a human influence, and will decrease with increasing radiative forcings. Global versus regional temperature observations lead to complementary constraints on the projections. When Arctic amplification is defined as the additional polar warming relative to global warming, model uncertainties are narrowed by more than 30% after constraint. Similar results are obtained for projected changes in the Arctic sea ice extent (40%) and when using sea ice observations to constrain the polar warming (37%), thereby confirming the key role of sea ice as a positive but model, season and time-dependent surface feedback.
Role of the prognostic nutritional index in the treatment prediction of stage II colon cancer
Authors: Chalabiyev Elvin , Efil Safa can , Guven Deniz Can , Yildirim Hasan Cagri , Akyildiz Arif , Kus Fatih , Ismayilov Rashad , Dizdar Omer , Yalcin Suayib , Tatar Omer Denizhan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), estimated using serum albumin concentration and peripheral blood cell count, is a promising predictor of outcomes in patients with colon cancer. We aimed to show the difference in survival times based on adjuvant chemotherapy status in the low PNI group.Method The study enrolled 179 adult patients diagnosed with stage II colon cancer between January 2010 and September 2019. The PNI was calculated using the formula: 10 x serum albumin value (g/dL) + 0.005 x total lymphocyte count in the peripheral blood (per mm3). The ROC curve allowed us to validate the PNI for predicting survival with a threshold level of 47.255. The association between PNI and survival was evaluated with univariate and multivariate analysis. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy (chemotherapy or no chemotherapy).Result The patients' mean age was 60.97,±11.53, and 67% were male. The cut-ff for the PNI obtained using the Roc curve method was 47.255. In 59.2% of the patients, the PNI was 47.255. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, a statistically significant difference was found between chemotherapy status and OS (mOS:168.36 m vs. 107.36 m, HR:0.39 (CI95%:0.16–0.94), p = 0.013, received and not received, respectively) and PFS (mPFS:168.36 m vs. 107.36 m, HR:0.38 (CI 95%:0.16–0.90), p = 0.014, received and no received, respectively).Conclusion The overall and progression-free survival duration of patients who did not get chemotherapy in the PNI subgroup was shorter than that of patients who did receive chemotherapy, according to the PNI established before surgery in stage II colon cancer patients.