bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Very-high-energy Gamma-Ray Afterglows of GRB 201015A and GRB 201216C
Authors: Zhang Lu-Lu , Ren Jia , Wang Yun , Liang En-Wei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) 201015A and 201216C are valuable cases where very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray afterglows have been detected. By analyzing their prompt emission data, we find that GRB 201216C is an extremely energetic, long GRB with a hard gamma-ray spectrum, while GRB 201015A is a relative subenergetic, soft-spectrum GRB. Attributing their radio–optical–X-ray afterglows to the synchrotron radiation of the relativistic electrons accelerated in their jets, we fit their afterglow lightcurves with the standard external shock model and infer their VHE afterglows from the synchrotron self-Compton scattering process of the electrons. It is found that the jet of GRB 201015A is midrelativistic (Γ0 = 44), surrounded by a very dense medium (n = 1202 cm−3), and the jet of GRB 201216C is ultrarelativistic (Γ0 = 331), surrounded by a moderate dense medium (n = 5 cm−3). The inferred peak luminosity of the VHE gamma-ray afterglows of GRB 201216C is approximately 10−9 erg cm−2 s−1 at 57–600 s after the GRB trigger, making it detectable with the MAGIC telescopes at a high confidence level, even though the GRB is at a redshift of 1.1. Comparing their intrinsic VHE gamma-ray lightcurves and spectral energy distributions with GRBs 180720B, 190114C, and 190829A, we show that their intrinsic peak luminosity of VHE gamma-ray afterglows at 104 s after the GRB trigger is variable from 1045 to 5 × 1048 erg s−1, and their kinetic energy, initial Lorentz factor, and medium density are diverse among bursts.
Main Sequence to Starburst Transitioning Galaxies: Gamma-Ray Burst Hosts at z ∼ 2
Authors: Nadolny Jakub , Michałowski Michał Jerzy , Rizzo J. Ricardo , Karska Agata , Rasmussen Jesper , Sollerman Jesper , Hjorth Jens , Rossi Andrea , Solar Martín , Wróblewski Radosław , Leśniewska Aleksandra 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Star-forming galaxies populate a main sequence (MS), a well-defined relation between stellar mass (M
*) and star formation rate (SFR). Starburst (SB) galaxies lie significantly above the relation, whereas quenched galaxies lie below the sequence. In order to study the evolution of galaxies on the SFR–M
* plane and its connection to the gas content, we use the fact that recent episodes of star formation can be pinpointed by the existence of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Here we present sensitive [C i] nondetections of z ∼ 2 ultraluminous infrared (ULIRG) GRB host galaxies. We find that our GRB hosts have similar molecular masses to those of other ULIRGs. However, unlike other ULIRGs, the GRB hosts are located at the MS or only a factor of a few above it. Hence, our GRB hosts are caught in the transition toward the SB phase. This is further supported by the estimated depletion times, which are similar to those of other transitioning galaxies. The GRB hosts are [C i]-dark galaxies, defined as having a [C i]/CO temperature brightness ratio of <0.1. Such a low [C i]/CO ratio has been found in high-density environments (n
H > 104 cm−3) where CO is shielded from photodissociation, leading to underabundances of [C i]. This is consistent with the merger process that is indeed suggested for our GRB hosts by their morphologies.
Raman Scattering by Atomic Hydrogen in Photodissociation Regions: An Alternative to the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Hypothesis
Authors: Zagury Frédéric 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Photodissociation regions (PDRs) illuminated by high temperature (T > 104 K) radiation fields display characteristic optical to midinfrared spectral features: emission bands that cluster around the blue limits of hydrogen series, an extended red emission (ERE) in the vicinity of Hα, and a continuum in the infrared part of the spectrum only. The spectral footprint of ERE and its intensity at maximum unequivocally designate Raman scattering by hydrogen of photons near Lyβ as responsible for the feature, thus suggesting PDR spectra be considered Raman spectra. This finding challenges the currently accepted hypothesis that yet-to-be-identified complex carbonaceous molecules, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are the source of PDRs’ unidentified infrared bands. It has, therefore, significant implications for the field of astrochemistry.
Immuno-modulatory Effects of Inactivated Dietzia Maris on the Selected Aspects of Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses in Mice
Authors: Nofouzi Katayoon , Hamidian Gholamreza 
Published: July 2023

Background:
The current study is an attempt to register the alterations in the immunological and histological parameters in mice arising from the administration of Dietza maris (D. maris) in order to confirm its protective properties.

Materials and Methods:
Mice underwent 7 days of treatment with three doses of D. maris. Then, animals were scrutinized in terms of body weight, relative weight of organs, delayed type of hypersensitivity (DTH) response, and hemagglutination titer (HT). The determination of villus height, villus width, crypt depth, villus/crypt ratio (V/C), Goblet cells, and intestinal epithelial lymphocyte (IEL) density in villi was carried out.

Results:
A boosted DTH response was observed as a result of bacteria at medium dose. A variation was noted between the hemagglutinin titer of the control group and that of the high-dose group. Crypt depth, villus width, and villus height manifested alterations. High-dose-treated mice demonstrated proliferation of Goblet cells in the villi, whereas both in medium- and high-dose-treated mice, a distribution of IELs in the villus epithelium was noted. Overall, D. maris showed a stimulatory effect on immune functions in mice. Thus, thanks to improved cellular and humoral immunity and the increased quality of intestine function, we believe that D. maris promises novel therapeutic applications in the future.

Conclusion:
The attained findings lend credence to immuno-stimulatory effects arising from the capacity of D. maris to function as immunological adjuvants and to enhance humoral and cellular immunity as well as the intestinal structure and function.
Representaciones sociales sobre turberas. Una herramienta para la educación ambiental, Tierra del Fuego Argentina
Authors: Fernández Marchesi Nancy , Urciuolo Adriana 
Published: July 2023

Las turberas son humedales que han sido reconocidos mundialmente por sus valiosas contribuciones ambientales ya que son uno de los mayores almacenamientos de carbono del mundo, no obstante se ha identificado una ausencia de educación ambiental adecuada sobre estos ecosistemas. En este trabajo, se evaluaron las representaciones sociales que actores locales tienen sobre su importancia. Mediante una encuesta, se consultó en relación a tres aspectos: conocimientos, opiniones sobre el uso productivo y gustos y preferencias de paisajes. Las personas identifican las contribuciones ambientales, sin embargo surge con mucha fuerza la visión antropocéntrica-técnica, en relación a la idea conservación-explotación. Esto podría ser un impedimento para acciones de conservación y requiere contundentes acciones de Educación Ambiental desde un enfoque crítico que ponga énfasis en la incompatibilidad entre explotación y conservación. El gusto por el paisaje de turbera ha mejorado en relación a estudios previos aunque es necesario seguir trabajando en acciones educativas que valoren su belleza y singularidad.

Abstract
Peatlands have been globally recognized for their valuable environmental contributions as they are one of the world's largest carbon storage ecosystems. However, a lack of adequate environmental education has been identified in terms of these ecosystems. In this study, we evaluated the social representations that local actors have about their importance. Through a survey, three aspects were consulted: knowledge, opinions on productive use, and landscape preferences. The interviewees recognize the environmental contributions of peatlands, but a strong anthropocentric-technical vision emerges regarding the idea of conservation-exploitation. This idea could be a hindrance to conservation efforts and shows the need to forceful environmental education actions from a critical perspective that emphasizes the incompatibility between exploitation and conservation. Although the taste for peatlands as landscape has improved when compared to previous studies, working on educational actions that value its beauty and uniqueness is further needed.
Testimonia Koleksiyonları ve Hıristiyan Apolojetik-Polemik Eserlerdeki Şahit-Metinlerin Kullanımı
Authors: YÜCEDOĞRU Zeynep 
Published: July 2023

İlk Hıristiyanlar, Yahudilerin kutsal metinlerinden seçili pasajları listeler halinde derleyip adeta birer kutsal kitap mahiyetinde muhafaza etmişlerdir. Bu koleksiyonların içeriği incelendiğinde Yahudi karşıtı apolojetik-polemik karakteristik göze çarpmaktadır. Bununla birlikte küçük koleksiyonlar olarak nakledilegelen bu metin listelerinin kateşist eğitimde kullanıldığı da yaygın kabuller arasındadır. Hıristiyanlar delil-metinler arasından öne çıkan belirli pasajlara zamanla testimonia yani şahit-metin statüsü atfetmiş, böylece dolaşımda olan diğer delil-metinlere nispetle testimonia pasajları teolojik hakikatin yoruma dahi ihtiyaç duymayan şahitleri olarak kabul edilmiştir. Testimonia koleksiyonlarını oluşturmak ve muhafaza etmek Hıristiyanlar için sadece teknik bir faaliyet olmamış, aynı zamanda erken dönem Hıristiyan teolojisini belirli merkezi pasajlar etrafında şekillendiren bir geleneğe dönüşmüştür. Bu geleneğin izleri ilk kilise babalarının eserlerinde görülmektedir. Nitekim sonraki Hıristiyanlar arasında da testimonia geleneğinin devam ettiğini söylemek mümkündür. Grekçe, Latince ve Süryanice eserlerdeki testimonia pasajları Arapçaya tercüme edilerek Müslümanlara karşı yapılan gerek sözlü münazaralarda gerekse apolojetik-polemik eserlerde kaynak olarak kullanılmıştır.
Bu çalışmadaki temel amaç farklı dönemlerde yaşamış Hıristiyan Arap yazarların eserlerinde öne çıkan Kitâb-ı Mukaddes alıntılarının testimonia geleneğiyle olan irtibatını incelemektir. İlk yüzyıllardan itibaren teolojik argümanlara eşlik eden bu şahit-metinlerin Hıristiyan yazarların Müslümanlara karşı kaleme aldıkları apolojileri ve polemiklerinde “kitaptan delil getirme” stratejisiyle birlikte nasıl kullanıldığı, yorumlandığı, önceki testimonia geleneğiyle kesişim noktaları ve farklılaşan hususları bu çalışmanın temel soruları olacaktır.
Cultura e pandemia:
Authors: De Oliveira Xavier Antônio Nolberto , Silva Santos Vicente de Paulo 
Published: July 2023

O presente estudo realiza uma análise sobre o projeto de intervenção artística intitulado "São João Vivo", realizado em junho de 2020 e de 2021, na cidade de dom Basílio, região sudoeste do estado da Bahia. A pertinência da ação cultural aparece como ponto crucial neste trabalho para descrever os resultados e os significados que foram gerados face à realização do concurso de ornamentação das casas durante as festividades de São João (padroeiro da cidade). A realização do projeto surge da necessidade de encontrar, em meio à pandemia do covid-19, caminhos que levassem a comunidade a permanecer em estado de festa e comunhão junina, período de sua maior manifestação cultural popular, mesmo com todas as restrições e medidas de afastamento social, emitidas pelos órgãos de saúde. Com base na pesquisa reflexivo-indutiva, a partir da observação participante, o autor descreve os caminhos percorridos na realização do projeto e a importância do mesmo no contexto mencionado; destaca os fluxos de participações no referido concurso e conclui, entre outros resultados, sobre o sentido festivo atribuído à cidade, além da promoção da cultura local em período pandêmico. A busca pela validação das práticas culturais desenvolvidas aparece como um dos objetivos neste trabalho, ao passo que a sistematização das ações e a descrição dos modos de ser/fazer da comunidade contemplam características oportunas à reflexão técnica e científica. Este trabalho é, sobretudo, um convite a conhecer as belezas e saberes produzidos em tempo de escassa manifestação da cultura popular.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE:
Cultura Popular; Festa Junina; Pandemia; Produção Cultural
Knowledge of diabetic foot care management among medical students at Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Yousef Saleh Al Alawi  , Albalawi Ibrahim Ahmed J , Alamrani Sultan Abdulrahman S , Alwakeel Abdulaziz Abdulkhaliq A , Alwakeel Abdulrahman Abdulkhaliq A , Aljthli Wedad Eid Mohammed , Albalawi Razan Kamel Ahmed , Alanaz Ghadah Ali Rumayd 
Published: July 2023

Background: Diabetic foot (DF) is a common condition among diabetic patients and the leading cause of diabetic hospitalizations. The prevalence of diabetic foot will rise dramatically as the incidence of diabetes mellitus rises throughout the Arab world, particularly in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Objectives: To assess the knowledge about diabetic foot care management among medical students at Tabuk university in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students at Tabuk University in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia from October to December 2022. Participants were selected via convenient non-probability sampling technique. An online self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data via Google form. Data analysis was conducted by using SPSS.
Results: In this study we included 301 respondents. Most of them were females (63.8%). Our results showed that the mean knowledge score of study population was 52.7 ± 8.76, range (8 – 64). Moreover, we noted that foot examination domain achieved the highest knowledge score 8.5 ± 1.92, range (0 – 10) and applications for preventing foot complications domain reported the lowest knowledge score 23.2 ± 3.90, range (6 – 29). The main source of training was the curriculum of the college of medicine (79.4%). Foot examination was the most common training need by respondents. Age, gender, marital status, academic years, previous training on diabetic foot care, patients education about diabetic foot risk and problems and performing foot examination for diabetic patients, were significantly associated with knowledge about diabetic foot care management (P < 0.001, 0.019, 0.002, 0.007, 0.001, 0.024, and < 0.001 respectively).
Conclusion: Our findings revealed that medical students in Tabuk region, Saudi Arabia had acceptable level of knowledge about diabetic foot care management. Above mentioned associated factors should be considered in future research.
Steps Toward Evaluation as Decluttering: Learnings from Hawaiian Epistemology
Authors: Nakaima April , Sridharan Sanjeev 
Published: July 2023

This paper discusses one of the more contemporary challenges in development and in global health--lots of good ideas from well-meaning insiders and outsiders that end up cluttering both the physical and mental spaces of what can be loosely termed as “attempts” at development. Given the place-based nature of indigenous thought, we turn to Hawaiian epistemology at looking to insights for clarity on how one can negotiate interactions to declutter place and also confuse identity. We believe that evaluation as a field can help in bringing greater recognition of the need for models of development and learning that respect the importance of de-cluttering. Implications for a decolonized approach to evaluation are discussed
Tinjauan Yuridis Perjanjian Kredit dengan Jaminan Fidusia Berupa Hewan Ternak
Authors: Wirapatih Rangga 
Published: July 2023

Pendahuluan: Pemberian kredit dengan jaminan fidusia berupa hewan ternak di Kabupaten Cirebon merupakan kredit yang mengandung risiko lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan jaminan fidusia dengan objek bukan dengan hewan ternak. Oleh karena itu pihak bank menerapkan prinsip kehati-hatian, untuk mengetahui permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan pelaksanaan perjanjian kredit dengan jaminan fidusia hewan ternak tersebut, dan akibat-akibat hukum dari dampak yang muncul ketika hewan ternak tersebut mati, kecurian, dan dampak ekonomi dari pandemi covid-19. Tujuan: mengetahui bagaimana tinjauan yuridis perjanjian kredit dengan jaminan fidusia berupa hewan ternak. Metode: menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan data primer berupa peraturan perundang-undangan, dilengkapi dengan data sekunder yaitu data kepustakaan seperti buku-buku hukum keperdataan, hukum perikatan, hukum perjanjian kredit, hukum perbankan, hukum jaminan. Hasil Pembahasan: Perjanjian kredit dengan jaminan fidusia berupa hewan ternak pada BPR dilaksanakan 10 tahap yaitu bank menganalisa kredit, menilai agunan kredit, menerbitkan surat persetujuan kredit, tahap pembuatan perjanjian kredit, pendaftaran pengikatan jaminan kredit kepada notaris, tahap pembebanan jaminan fidusia. Sedangkan upaya yang dilakukan BPR bilamana terjadi wanprestasi kredit, maka akan dilakukan restrukturisasi kredit sesuai dengan sisa hutang debitur dan debitur sebagai pemberi fidusia wajib melakukan penggantian objek jaminan fidusia dengan objek jaminan lainnya kepemilikan debitur, yang sesuai nilai ekonomis atau sisa hutangnya, yang akan direstrukturisasi kredit. Kesimpulan: BPR Astanajapura Kabupaten Cirebon dalam pemberian kredit kepada peternak secara individu dalam Pasal 1331 dan Pasal 1332 KUHPerdata bahwasanya harta kepemilikan debitur adalah benda jaminan tetapi dalam hal ini tidak diatur secara khusus.
Aplikasi Group Touring Dengan Metode Location Based Service Berbasis Mobile
Authors: Abri Yanto Hari 
Published: July 2023

Purpose: to create an application that can help riders who are about to do touring to be safer and more comfortable by knowing the position of each other rider member. Methods: The research method used is to analyze the problem, design the system, implement and test the system by using the location-based service method and utilizing GPS services to get a position and calculate the distance between riders to determine warning notifications if a driver is left behind and take advantage of realtime database using firebase. The type of research being carried out is experimental research by testing the application that will be made by making several test scenarios. Results: The results of application testing using black box testing show the application can track the location of the rider, calculate the distance between the riders, determine the head of the group and provide warning notifications if a rider is left behind. Conclusion: It can be concluded that overall this touring group application can carry out the function of tracking riders according to what is expected and creating an Android-based touring group application that can help touring riders
Aplikasi Pengukuran Tingkat Stres Pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir Dengan Metode Certainty Factor
Authors: Sari Yayang 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: This stress level measurement application for final year students provides information about the level of stress experienced by students based on the symptoms felt by students, by displaying the results of the diagnosis in the form of the selected symptoms, the level of stress experienced along with the percentage of beliefs, and the solutions recommended. Purpose:to build a web-based expert system to measure stress levels in final year students and find out the level of stress experienced by students and provide recommendations for solutions to these students by applying the certainty factor method. Method: This study uses a quantitative method by carrying out a calculation process using the ceratinty factor, namely the calculation process is obtained from the quantitative value of the selected symptoms and then calculated based on the CF formula. Results: This application has an accuracy rate between the system and experts worth 90% based on 20 cases that have been tested, which shows that the certainty factor method can be applied in measuring stress levels in final year students. Conclusion: this application can be applied to measure stress levels in final year students with an accuracy value of 90%.
School Leaders’ Support to Beginning Teachers
Authors: Shamatov Duyshon 
Published: July 2023

This article is about school leadership education. The article presents the school leaders support to beginning teachers in Kyrgyzstan. Beginning teachers’ initial experiences are the most challenging and influential in their future careers. School leaders are reportedly the most significant persons in beginning teachers’ initial experiences at school. This article is based on the findings of a qualitative case study which explored beginning teachers’ initial period of work at schools, and in particular what challenges they face and how they get support from school administrators. The study demonstrates that school leaders play critical role in helping new teachers adjust well to a new workplace. The study findings offer significant policy and practical implications.
Findbuch des Bestandes Abt. 47
Authors: Asmussen Georg 
Published: July 2023

Das Archiv der Universität wurde zunächst bei der Universität in Kiel selbst verwahrt und dort auch schon in früherer Zeit geordnet. Ein erstes Verzeichnis der Akten gibt es bereits für das Jahr 1748. 1934 wurde ein Depositalvertrag mit dem damaligen Staatsarchiv in Kiel geschlossen. So gelangte im Sommer 1934 eine erste Abgabe von Universitätsakten dorthin. Diese Akten bilden bis heute den Kernbestand der Universitätsüberlieferung für die Zeit vor 1945.
Da während des Zweiten Weltkrieges der größte Teil der Altakten und der laufenden Registratur verbrannt war, mussten ab 1945 neue Akten angelegt und deren Archivreife abgewartet werden. Zwischen 1964 und 1998 kamen in unregelmäßigen Abständen mehrere größere und kleinere Aktenabgaben von der Universität an das Landesarchiv. Infolge eines 2002 geschlossenen Vertrags zwischen Universität und Landesarchiv Schleswig-Holstein gelangten weitere Akten in den Bestand.
Hemorragia pós-parto: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Santos Nathália Marinho dos , Silva Ronald Alexandre da , Silva Rosângela Cosme da , Coelho Gislayne de Santana Barbosa , Nascimento Micheli Maria do , Pereira Gabrielly da Silva , Silva Heloiza Monique da , Oliveira Joana D’arc de Albuquerque Maranhão , Oliveira Mariah Stephanie Albuquerque de , Silva Mariana Ribeiro 
Published: July 2023

Introdução: A mortalidade materna é um grande problema de saúde pública no Brasil acometendo principalmente mulheres com baixa renda e baixo grau de escolaridade, sendo a hemorragia pós-parto (HPP) o agravante principal deste fator. A HPP define-se como perca sanguínea maior que 500ml de sangue por via vaginal ou qualquer perca que causa instabilidade hemodinâmica. Objetivo: Destacar as principais causas e condutas realizadas pela equipe de enfermagem na assistência da hemorragia pós-parto. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura produzida na análise de artigos na Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS) nas seguintes bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina dos Estados Unidos da América (MEDLINE), Bases de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF). Resultados: Após a realização de uma leitura analítica foram selecionados 08 artigos, por possuírem temas condizentes com o estudo. Foi identificado como principal causa de hemorragia pós-parto a atonia uterina. Conclusão: A equipe de enfermagem é indispensável na identificação precoce das intercorrências materna principalmente a HPP. É importante a mensuração correta dos sinais vitais da parturiente, ofertar ocitocina após o parto, incentivo ao aleitamento materno e contato pele a pele quando não houver restrição, evitar a realização rotineira de episiotomias nas salas de parto e mensurar os níveis de hemoglobina e hematócrito das puérperas.