bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excited state dynamics of azanaphthalenes reveal opportunities for the rational design of photoactive molecules
Authors: Garrow Malcolm , Bertram Lauren , Winter Abi , Prentice Andrew W. , Crane Stuart W. , Lane Paul D. , Greaves Stuart J. , Paterson Martin J. , Kirrander Adam , Townsend Dave 
Published: January 2025

AbstractVarious photoactive molecules contain motifs built on aza-aromatic heterocycles, although a detailed understanding of the excited state photophysics and photochemistry in such systems is not fully developed. To help address this issue, the non-adiabatic dynamics operating in azanaphthalenes under hexane solvation was studied following 267 nm excitation using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. Specifically, the species quinoline, isoquinoline, quinazoline, quinoxaline, 1,6-naphthyridine, and 1,8-naphthyridine were investigated, providing a systematic variation in the relative positioning of nitrogen heteroatom centres within a bicyclic aromatic structure. Our results indicate considerable differences in excited state lifetimes, and in the propensity for intersystem crossing vs internal conversion across the molecular series. The overall pattern of behaviour can be explained in terms of potential energy barriers and spin-orbit coupling effects, as demonstrated by extensive quantum chemistry calculations undertaken at the SCS-ADC(2) level of theory. The fact that quantum chemistry calculations can achieve such detailed and nuanced agreement with experimental data across a full set of six molecules exhibiting subtle variations in their composition provides an excellent example of the current state-of-the-art and is indicative of future opportunities for rational design of photoactive molecules.
Dynamic effects of psychiatric vulnerability, loneliness and isolation on distress during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Atlas Lauren Y. , Farmer Cristan , Shaw Jacob S. , Gibbons Alison , Guinee Emily P. , Lossio-Ventura Juan Antonio , Ballard Elizabeth D. , Ernst Monique , Japee Shruti , Pereira Francisco , Chung Joyce Y. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on mental health is challenging to quantify because pre-existing risk, disease burden and public policy varied across individuals, time and regions. Longitudinal, within-person analyses can determine whether pandemic-related changes in social isolation impacted mental health. We analyzed time-varying associations between psychiatric vulnerability, loneliness, psychological distress and social distancing in a US-based study during the first year of the pandemic. We surveyed 3,655 participants about psychological health and COVID-19-related circumstances every 2 weeks for 6 months. We combined self-reports with regional social distancing estimates and a classifier that predicted probability of psychiatric diagnosis at enrollment. Loneliness and psychiatric vulnerability both impacted psychological distress. Loneliness and distress were also linked to social isolation and stress associated with distancing, and psychiatric vulnerability shaped how regional distancing affected loneliness across time. Public health policies should address loneliness when encouraging social distancing, particularly in those at risk for psychiatric conditions.
OTUD6B regulates KIFC1-dependent centrosome clustering and breast cancer cell survival
Authors: Marotta Valeria E , Sabat-Pośpiech Dorota , Fielding Andrew B , Ponsford Amy H , Thomaz Amanda , Querques Francesca , Morgan Mark R , Prior Ian A , Coulson Judy M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cancer cells often display centrosome amplification, requiring the kinesin KIFC1/HSET for centrosome clustering to prevent multipolar spindles and cell death. In parallel siRNA screens of deubiquitinase enzymes, we identify OTUD6B as a positive regulator of KIFC1 expression that is required for centrosome clustering in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. OTUD6B can localise to centrosomes and the mitotic spindle and interacts with KIFC1. In OTUD6B-deficient cells, we see increased KIFC1 polyubiquitination and premature KIFC1 degradation during mitosis. Depletion of OTUD6B increases multipolar spindles without inducing centrosome amplification. Phenotypic rescue is dependent on OTUD6B catalytic activity and evident upon KIFC1 overexpression. OTUD6B is commonly overexpressed in breast cancer, correlating with KIFC1 protein expression and worse patient survival. TNBC cells with centrosome amplification, but not normal breast epithelial cells, depend on OTUD6B to proliferate. Indeed CRISPR-Cas9 editing results in only OTUD6B

-/+
TNBC cells which fail to divide and die. As a deubiquitinase that supports KIFC1 expression, allowing pseudo-bipolar cell division and survival of cancer cells with centrosome amplification, OTUD6B has potential as a novel target for cancer-specific therapies.
Impacts of grid‐forming inverters on distance protection
Authors: Johansson Henrik , Xing Qianli , Taylor Nathaniel , Wang Xiongfei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGrid‐forming (GFM) inverters are anticipated to play an essential role in facilitating the integration of renewable energy in bulk power systems. The fault response of GFM inverters and its impact on traditional protection schemes are ongoing research topics. Distance protection is today one of the most commonly applied protection schemes and depends on multiple system preconditions for reliable operation—many of which may no longer hold in systems with a high penetration of inverters. This paper investigates the impacts of GFM inverters on distance protection, with the main objective of providing an improved understanding of the topic. Important interoperability issues are highlighted with simulation results and elaborated upon based on the theory behind the distance relay model and the behaviours of GFM inverters during faults. The simulations consider numerous fault types and two GFM inverters with different current‐limiting control techniques in their fault‐ride through strategies. Results indicate several challenges that state‐of‐the‐art distance relays may face with GFM inverters.
Exploring emotional patterns in social media through NLP models to unravel mental health insights
Authors: Shetty Nisha P. , Singh Yashraj , Hegde Veeraj , Cenitta D. , K Dhruthi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study aimed to develop an advanced ensemble approach for automated classification of mental health disorders in social media posts. The research question was: can an ensemble of fine‐tuned transformer models (XLNet, RoBERTa, and ELECTRA) with Bayesian hyperparameter optimization improve the accuracy of mental health disorder classification in social media text. Three transformer models (XLNet, RoBERTa, and ELECTRA) were fine‐tuned on a dataset of social media posts labelled with 15 distinct mental health disorders. Bayesian optimization was employed for hyperparameter tuning, optimizing learning rate, number of epochs, gradient accumulation steps, and weight decay. A voting ensemble approach was then implemented to combine the predictions of the individual models. The proposed voting ensemble achieved the highest accuracy of 0.780, outperforming the individual models: XLNet (0.767), RoBERTa (0.775), and ELECTRA (0.755). The proposed ensemble approach, integrating XLNet, RoBERTa, and ELECTRA with Bayesian hyperparameter optimization, demonstrated improved accuracy in classifying mental health disorders from social media posts. This method shows promise for enhancing digital mental health research and potentially aiding in early detection and intervention strategies. Future work should focus on expanding the dataset, exploring additional ensemble techniques, and investigating the model's performance across different social media platforms and languages.
Multi‐load forecasting for integrated energy systems based on GAT‐MTL
Authors: Zeng Xianqiang , Ji Guoliang , Zhou Yun , Li Hengjie , Wei Tengfei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAccurately forecasting multi‐load in integrated energy systems is crucial for enhancing overall energy efficiency and achieving greater economic benefits. However, a strong spatial correlation exists between load and meteorology. Graph attention network, a kind of neural network model dealing with graph data, can greatly analyse the intrinsic relationship between multi‐load and meteorological factors. To this end, a multi‐load prediction model with graph attention network and multi‐task learning is proposed. Firstly, considering the complex influencing factors of multi‐load, the authors propose a method combining Spearman correlation and causality tests to select feature variables for the model. Subsequently, an attention mechanism is introduced to assign varying degrees of attention to nodes in the graph data, thereby enhancing the model's ability to learn representation. Secondly, graph attention network is employed to construct the shared layer of multi‐task learning, with the Bayesian optimization algorithm utilized to optimize hyperparameters and fully explore the interdependencies among cooling, heating, and electricity loads. Finally, a real case study is used to demonstrate that the model can effectively improve the accuracy of multi‐load forecasting.
MusE GAs FLOw and Wind (MEGAFLOW)
Authors: Cherrey Maxime , Bouché Nicolas F. , Zabl Johannes , Schroetter Ilane , Wendt Martin , Langan Ivanna , Schaye Joop , Wisotzki Lutz , Guo Yucheng , Pessa Ismael 
Published: January 2025

Aims. The circumgalactic medium (CGM) is a key component in understanding the physical processes governing the flows of gas around galaxies. Quantifying its evolution and its dependence on galaxy properties is particularly important for our understanding of accretion and feedback mechanisms.
Methods. We selected a volume-selected sample of 66 isolated star-forming galaxies at 0.4 < z < 1.5 with log(M⋆/M⊙) > 9 from the MusE GAs FLOw and Wind (MEGAFLOW) survey. Using Mg IIλλ2796,2803 absorptions in background quasars, we measured the covering fraction, fc, and quantified how the cool gas profile depends on galaxy properties (such as star formation rate (SFR), stellar mass (M⋆) or azimuthal angle relative to the line of sight) and how these dependencies evolve with redshift.
Results. The Mg II covering fraction of isolated galaxies is a strong function of impact parameter and is steeper than previously reported. The impact parameter, b50, at which fc = 50% is b50 = 50 ± 7 kpc for Wr2796 > 0.5 Å. It is weakly correlated with SFR (∝SFR0.08 ± 0.09) and decreases with cosmic time (∝(1 + z)0.8 ± 0.7), contrary to the expectation of increasingly larger halos with time. The covering fraction is also higher along the minor axis than along the major axis at the ≈2σ level.
Conclusions. The CGM traced by Mg II is similar across the isolated galaxy population. Indeed, among the isolated galaxies with an impact parameter below 55 kpc, all have associated Mg II absorption with Wr2796 > 0.3 Å, resulting in a steep covering fraction, fc(b).
X-ray view of a massive node of the Cosmic Web at z ∼ 3
Authors: Travascio A. , Cantalupo S. , Tozzi P. , Vito F. , Pezzulli G. , Paggi A. , Elvis M. , Fabbiano G. , Fiore F. , Fossati M. , Fresco A. , Fumagalli M. , Galbiati M. , Lazeyras T. , Ledos N. , Pannella M. , Pensabene A. , Quadri G. , Wang W. 
Published: January 2025

Context. Exploring supermassive black hole (SMBH) populations in protoclusters offers valuable insights into how environment affects SMBH growth. However, research on active galactic nuclei (AGN) within these areas is still limited by the small number of protoclusters known at high redshift and by the availability of associated deep X-ray observations.
Aims. In order to understand how different environments affect AGN triggering and growth at high redshift, we investigated the X-ray AGN population in the field of the MUSE Quasar Nebula 01 (MQN01) protocluster at z ≃ 3.25. This field is known for hosting one of the largest Ly α nebulae and overdensities of UV continuum selected and sub-millimetre galaxies found so far at this redshift.
Methods. We conducted an ultra-deep Chandra X-ray survey (634 ks) observation of the MQN01 field and produced a comparative analyses of the properties of the X-ray AGN detected in MQN01 against those observed in other selected protoclusters, such as Spiderweb and SSA22.
Results. By combining the X-ray observations with deep MUSE and ALMA data of the same field, we identified six X-ray AGN within a volume of 16 comoving Mpc2 and ±1000 km s−1, corresponding to an X-ray AGN overdensity of δ ≈ 1000. This overdensity increases at the bright end (log(L2#x2212;10 keV/erg s−1) ≳ 44.5), exceeding what was observed in the Spiderweb and SSA22 within similar volumes. The AGN fraction measured in MQN01 is significantly higher (> 20%) than in the field and increases with stellar masses, reaching a value of 100% for log(M*/M⊙) > 10.5. Lastly, we observe that the average specific accretion rate (λsBHAR) for SMBH populations in MQN01 is higher than in the field and other protoclusters, generally increasing as one moves toward the centre of the overdense structures.
Conclusions. Our results, especially the large fraction of highly accreting SMBHs in the inner regions of the MQN01 overdensity, suggest that protocluster environments offer ideal physical conditions for SMBH triggering and growth.
Stellar halos tracing the assembly of ultra-faint dwarf galaxies
Authors: Querci Lapo , Pallottini Andrea , Branca Lorenzo , Salvadori Stefania 
Published: January 2025

Context. Ultra-faint dwarfs (UFDs) are expected to be relics of the earliest galaxies to have formed in the Universe. Observations show the presence of a stellar halo around UFDs, which can give precious insights into UFD evolution. Indeed, stellar halos can form via tidal interaction, early supernova feedback, or merging events.
Aims. This work investigates how merger properties impact the formation of stellar halos around UFDs, focusing on Tucana II, the most promising UFD assembled through mergers.
Methods. We developed N-body simulations of dry isolated mergers between two UFDs, resolving their stellar component down to 1 M⊙. We built a suite of simulations by varying: the merger-specific i) angular momentum, l, and ii) kinetic energy k, iii) the merger mass ratio, M1/M2, iv) the dark-to-stellar mass ratio, MDM/M⋆, of the progenitors, and v) their stellar size, R1/2. To fully explore such a five-dimensional parameter space, we trained a neural network to emulate the properties of the resulting “post-merger” UFD, by quantifying the half-mass radius (R⋆) and the fraction of stars at radii > 5R⋆ (f5).
Results. Our principal component analysis clearly shows that f5 (R⋆) is primarily determined by M1/M2 (R1/2), with R1/2 (M1/M2) playing a secondary role. Both f5 and R⋆ show almost no dependence on k, l, and MDM/M⋆ in the explored range. Using our emulator, we find that to form the stellar halo observed in Tucana II; that is, f5 = 10 ± 5% and R⋆ = 120 ± 30 pc, we need to merge progenitors with M1/M2 = 8−3+4, the size of the more massive one being R1/2 = 97−18+25 pc. Such findings are corroborated by the consistency (χ2 ≃ 0.5 − 2) between stellar density profiles observed for Tucana II and those of simulations that have M1/M2 and R1/2 close to the values predicted by the emulator.
Conclusions. The stellar halos of UFDs contain crucial information about the properties of their smaller progenitor galaxies. Ongoing and planned spectroscopic surveys will greatly increase the statistics of observed stars in UFDs, and thus of their associated stellar halos. By interpreting such observations with our simulations, we will provide new insights into the assembly history of UFDs, and thus the early galaxy formation process.
CO-CHANGES
Authors: Jiang Yan , Li Jiang-Tao , Tan Qing-Hua , Ji Li , Bregman Joel N. , Daniel Wang Q. , Wang Jian-Fa , Lu Li-Yuan , Jiang Xue-Jian 
Published: January 2025

Context. Molecular gas, which serves as the fuel for star formation, and its relationship with atomic gas are essential for understanding how galaxies regulate their star forming activities.
Aims. We conducted IRAM 30 m observations of 23 nearby spiral galaxies as part of the CHANG-ES project to investigate the distribution of molecular gas and the Kennicutt–Schmidt star formation law in these galaxies. By combining these results with atomic gas masses studied in previous work, we aim to investigate the scaling relations that connect the molecular and atomic gas masses with stellar masses and the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation.
Methods. Based on spatially resolved observations of the 12CO J = 1 − 0, 13CO J = 1 − 0, and 12CO J = 2 − 1 molecular lines, we calculated the total molecular gas masses, obtained the ratios between different CO lines, and derived some key physical parameters, such as the temperature and optical depth of the molecular gas.
Results. For the nuclear and disc regions, the median values of the 12CO/13CO J = 1 − 0 line ratio are 8.6 and 6.1, respectively, while those of the 12CO J = 2 − 1/J = 1 − 0 line ratio are 0.53 and 0.39. The molecular gas mass derived from 13CO J = 1 − 0 is strongly correlated with but systematically lower than that derived from 12CO J = 1 − 0. Most of the galaxies in our sample follow the spatially resolved star forming scaling relation between the star formation rate surface density and molecular gas mass surface density, with a median gas depletion time scale of ∼1 Gyr. A few galaxies exhibit enhanced star formation efficiency, with shorter time scales of ∼0.1 Gyr. Our sample shows a weak correlation between molecular and atomic gas but a strong correlation between the molecular-to-atomic gas mass ratio (MH2/MHI) and stellar mass, consistent with previous studies. Galaxies with lower stellar masses in our sample exhibit an excess of atomic gas by one magnitude compared to molecular gas, suggesting that the transformation of atomic gas into molecular gas is less efficient. Most galaxies tightly follow the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation, but NGC 2992 and NGC 4594 deviate from the relation due to different physical factors. We find that the ratio of the cold gas (comprising molecular and atomic gas) to the total baryon mass decreases with the gravitational potential of the galaxy, as traced by rotation velocity, which could be due to gas consumption in star formation or being heated to the hot phase.
Transitioning from Teaching to Mentoring in Medical Sciences
Authors: Gupta Amod 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe transition from traditional teaching to mentoring in medical education is urgently required to create future-ready physicians, researchers, and medical teachers in India. A roadmap was drawn by the pioneers of modern medicine more than 100 years ago, who mentored and prepared the next generation of subspecialists and teachers. We need mentors rather than conventional teachers to inspire students to dream, learn, and grow. In today's world, the role of teachers transcends imparting information to foster critical thinking and contextual application of knowledge. Mentors play a pivotal role in cultivating future medical leaders through recognition, guidance, and mutual respect. Mentors guide lifelong learning and personal development. A trusting mentor–mentee relationship is critical for effective medical education, research, and professional growth. Mentoring significantly benefits residents by fostering well-being, collegiality, and professional skills. Academic mentorship results in increased publication rates, grants, career satisfaction, and retention of faculty in the institutions. With mentors, navigating academia's challenges proves manageable, impacting career trajectory. While mentoring is crucial for career advancement and personal development, there are disparities, especially for women. Formal institutional support for mentoring is essential for sustained impact. Mentor–mentee relationships in academia are evolving toward short-term, need-driven interactions facilitated by workshops during the annual professional society meetings and speed mentoring. E-mentoring offers flexible, cost-effective support transcending geographies and time zones. Identifying the right mentor is crucial for academic success, emphasizing shared knowledge, effective communication, and mutual trust. Evaluating mentoring programs remains challenging, requiring comprehensive, stakeholder-driven assessment tools.
5-ALA-Induced Fluorescent Urine Cytology in Comparison with Conventional Cytology, BTA-TRAK, and NMP-22 Tests in the Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Nerli Rajendra B , Rangrez Shadab , Ghagane Shridhar C. , Lalakia Parth , Chandra Shoubhik , Chandra Shreya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Introduction To assess the sensitivity fluorescent urine cytology induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in the diagnosis of bladder cancer and to compare the sensitivity and specificity with currently available markers approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), bladder tumour antigen (BTA-TRAK, Bard Diagnostic Sciences, Redmond, WA, United States) assay based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP-22), and conventional cytology.
Materials and Methods Age- and gender-matched patients ≥ 18 years of age admitted with imaging-confirmed bladder cancer and non-malignant conditions formed the cases and controls respectively. A freshly-collected voided urine sample was divided into four parts, with each part used to perform: a) conventional cytology with Papanicolaou staining; b) the BTA-TRAK assay; c) the NMP-22 assay; and d) 5-ALA-induced fluorescent urine cytology. The resected bladder specimen was sent for histopathological examination.
Results In low-grade bladder cancers, the sensitivity of 5-ALA fluorescent cytology was of 88.02%, which was significantly higher than conventional cytology (p < 0.0001), the NMP-22 assay (p < 0.0035), and the BTA-TRAK assay (p < 0.0007). The sensitivity of 5-ALA fluorescent cytology was significantly higher in high-grade lesions when compared to conventional cytology (p < 0.0005) and the BTA-TRAK assay (p < 0.039).
Conclusions Fluorescent urine cytology induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid is a highly-sensitive test in the diagnosis of bladder cancer, and its sensitivity rates are significantly superior to those of conventional cytology, the NMP-22 assay, and the BTA-TRAK assay.
Academic Pursuits in Teleradiology: At the Crossroads of Technology, Radiology, and Implementation
Authors: Agrawal Anjali , Kalyanpur Arjun , Sodickson Aaron D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTeleradiology is an essential part of modern radiology practice. It enhances efficiencies in image interpretation by improving availability and accessibility of radiologists. Being at the crossroads of technology, diagnostic radiology, and complex workflows, teleradiology provides abundant opportunities for academic engagement and innovative workflows, and allows for research and publication encompassing these multiple facets. This perspective provides an insight into the academic pursuits in teleradiology, highlighting the potential for contributions across these various domains, including core radiology, technological advancements, implementation challenges, innovative solutions, and lifestyle opportunities. By exploring these areas, we aim to provide a glimpse of the scope of a fulfilling academic career in teleradiology for radiologists, which extends beyond its primary attributes of convenience, lifestyle, and economics.