bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
492 Anticholinergic burden in older people: descriptive analysis of the Community Ageing Research 75+ Study (CARE75+) cohort population
Authors: Ali E A , Todd O M , Clegg A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Anticholinergic burden is the cumulative effect on an individual of using one or multiple drugs with anticholinergic activity . Anticholinergic activity is associated with several serious adverse events (AE), and it is often the result of Polypharmacy which is the prescribing of multiple medications. Reported AE include dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision, cognitive impairment, and falls leading to increased mortality and poor patient outcomes.
Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale (ACB) provide an estimation of total anticholinergic burden. Anticholinergic burden quantified by the ACB scale provides a prediction of impairment in physical and cognitive functioning on older people (1).

Aim
To descriptively analyse the CARE 75+ cohort population. To estimate the frequency of ACB scores according to demographic characteristics of CARE75+ cohort population.

Methods
A cohort consisting of 1277 participants was analysed. Anticholinergic burden was calculated using an online ACB tool. The ACB tool lists 88 medicines likely to have none, possible, or definite anticholinergic properties with a score ranging from 0 to 3. High scores predict cognitive and functional impairment in older people.
Descriptive statistics were used to present the demographics of the cohort.

Results
The CARE75+ is a longitudinal cohort study collecting an extensive range of health, social and economic data in older people since 2014 with a focus on frailty, independence and quality of life in older age (2).
The participants had similar total number of medicines prescribed. Higher ACB scores were more commonly observed in younger female participants.

Conclusion
Based on these findings younger female patients are more likely to be at risk of anticholinergic AE. A greater understanding of the frequency of high ACB scores has the potential to improve awareness and indicate high risk patient groups, which can lead to more individualised optimisation of prescribing.

References
1. Lertxundi, U., Domingo-Echaburu, S., Hernandez, R., Peral, J. And Medrano, J. (2013), Expert-based drug lists to measure anticholinergic burden: similar names, different results. Psychogeriatrics 13: 17-24.
2. Heaven A, Brown L, Young J, et al Community ageing research 75+ study (CARE75+): an experimental ageing and frailty research cohort. BMJ Open 2019;9.
Synthetic seismocardiogram generation using a transformer-based neural network
Authors: Nikbakht Mohammad , Gazi Asim H , Zia Jonathan , An Sungtae , Lin David J , Inan Omer T , Kamaleswaran Rishikesan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
To design and validate a novel deep generative model for seismocardiogram (SCG) dataset augmentation. SCG is a noninvasively acquired cardiomechanical signal used in a wide range of cardivascular monitoring tasks; however, these approaches are limited due to the scarcity of SCG data.

Methods
A deep generative model based on transformer neural networks is proposed to enable SCG dataset augmentation with control over features such as aortic opening (AO), aortic closing (AC), and participant-specific morphology. We compared the generated SCG beats to real human beats using various distribution distance metrics, notably Sliced-Wasserstein Distance (SWD). The benefits of dataset augmentation using the proposed model for other machine learning tasks were also explored.

Results
Experimental results showed smaller distribution distances for all metrics between the synthetically generated set of SCG and a test set of human SCG, compared to distances from an animal dataset (1.14× SWD), Gaussian noise (2.5× SWD), or other comparison sets of data. The input and output features also showed minimal error (95% limits of agreement for pre-ejection period [PEP] and left ventricular ejection time [LVET] timings are 0.03 ± 3.81 ms and −0.28 ± 6.08 ms, respectively). Experimental results for data augmentation for a PEP estimation task showed 3.3% accuracy improvement on an average for every 10% augmentation (ratio of synthetic data to real data).

Conclusion
The model is thus able to generate physiologically diverse, realistic SCG signals with precise control over AO and AC features. This will uniquely enable dataset augmentation for SCG processing and machine learning to overcome data scarcity.
Biology and management of Systena frontalis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in ornamental plant nurseries
Authors: Arshad Rehan , Horng Chong Juang , Lauderdale Danny , Kunkel Brian , Joseph Shimat V 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Systena frontalis (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a serious insect pest species of container ornamental plant nurseries, widespread in the central and eastern United States. Adults feeding causes shotholes and skeletonization to the foliage of affected plants, which can reduce aesthetic value, and marketability of the ornamental plants. This paper reviews the biology and current management approaches used against S. frontalis in ornamental plant nurseries in the United States. Information gathered from the cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) production system is included where they are appropriate and supplementary to the discussion. The paper also discusses the research, extension, and economic questions prioritized by the stakeholders dealing with S. frontalis problems in the container nurseries.
Knowledge and attitude towards antibiotic use and resistance among Arab population: a questionnaire-based study of 11 countries from the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: Hassan Bassam Abdul Rasool , Mohammed Ali Haider , AL-Jewari Watheq Mohammed , Blebil Ali , Dujaili Juman , Wayyes Abdulrasool M , Malaeb Diana , Dabbous Mariam , Othman Gamil , Mustafa Madani Abdelhaleem , Talib Al-Zaabi Ahmed , Zerrouki Amira , Darwish Rula M , Abu Alhija Sara , Drira Chema , Ikram Fazaa , Jaber Ammar Ali Saleh , Alsahi Al-Zaabi Amna Mohamed Mohamed , Kohaf Neveen A , Omran Safa , Abdelaziz Mohamed Enas , Hassan Nasr Muhammed , Fathelrahman Ahmed Ibrahim , Alshahrani Ali M , Alsammarraie Ahmed Zuhair Abdulhameed , Kadhim Alabboodi Musaab , Al-Tukmagi Haydar F , Abdulwahid Al-Ani Omar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Antibiotic usage has evolved over the years among the Arab population, and it has also gone under misuse resulting in the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Therefore, the current study aimed to address this issue by evaluating the level of knowledge and attitude of Arab population towards antibiotic usage and AMR to develop a pathway to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out among Arab population, including 11 countries from the Middle East and North Africa. A validated and translated questionnaire, consisting of 34 questions, was adopted to achieve the study objectives. Two phases of data collection (online and offline) were performed, and SPSS was used for data analysis.

Key findings
Three thousand three hundred and nineteen participants were successfully recruited, and the mean age was 37.6 ± 11.73. Approximately 63% of participants wrongly answered they should stop antibiotics when they feel better, and 73.3% of them thought antibiotics could treat cold and flu. Nearly half of the respondents indicated that they were uncertain of how antibiotic resistance affects the body (48.1%), and they were unaware if it could affect them or their families (63.1%). While the majority of the respondents were prescribed antibiotics by a doctor, over half of them were not given any advice on how to take them. Our data showed a significant relationship between respondents’ demographic data (e.g. country, age and education) and their knowledge and attitude.

Conclusions
Participants had poor knowledge of antibiotics and AMR; thus, efforts are needed to conduct health campaigns in public places and create and implement programmes aiming to raise knowledge and awareness of people in the Arab regions. These could aid to curb the risk of antibiotic resistance and increase the chance of successful treatment for infectious diseases.
Brazilian red propolis extract free and encapsulated into polymeric nanoparticles against ovarian cancer: formulation, characterisation and biological assays in 2D and 3D models
Authors: Justino Isabela A , Marincek Andréia , Ferreira Iasmin R S , Amaral Robson L F , Fontanezi Bianca B , Aldana-Mejía Jennyfer A , Bastos Jairo K , Marcato Priscyla D 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cancer incidence worldwide is alarming and among the cancers that affect women ovarian cancer is the most fatal. Many side effects are associated with conventional therapies and none of them are completely effective, so the development of new treatments is necessary. Brazilian red propolis extract is a natural product with complex composition and great potential for cancer treatment. However, its clinical application is harmed due to unfavourable physicochemical characteristics. To enable its application encapsulation in nanoparticles can be used.
Objectives: The aims of this work were to develop polymeric nanoparticles with Brazilian red propolis extract and compare their action with the free extract against ovarian cancer cells.
Methods: Box Behnken design was used and nanoparticles were characterised using the techniques dynamic light scattering, nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and encapsulation efficiency. Activity against OVCAR-3 was also tested on 2D and 3D models.
Key findings: Nanoparticles’ sizes were ~200 nm with monomodal size distribution, negative zeta potential, spherical shape and with extract molecularly dispersed. Encapsulation efficiency was above 97% for the biomarkers chosen. Nanoparticles had greater efficacy in comparison with free propolis in OVCAR-3.
Conclusions: So far, the nanoparticles here described have the potential to be a chemotherapy treatment in the future.
A Japanese registry study and systematic review of particle therapy for renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Ishikawa Hitoshi , Arimura Takeshi , Maruo Kazushi , Kawamura Hidemasa , Toyama Shingo , Ogino Takashi , Okimoto Tomoaki , Murakami Masao , Sato Yoshitaka , Nishioka Kentaro , Araya Masayuki , Ohba Hisateru , Umehara Kensuke , Aoyama Hidefumi , Obara Wataru , Azuma Haruhito , Tsuji Hiroshi , Sakurai Hideyuki 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The feasibility and efficacy of particle beam therapy (PBT) using protons or carbon ions were compared with those of photon-based stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) via a systematic review and nationwide registry for PBT (Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology [JASTRO] particle therapy committee). Between July 2016 and May 2019, 20 patients with non-metastatic RCC who were treated at six Japanese institutes (using protons at three, using carbon ions at the other three) were registered in the nationwide database and followed up prospectively. The 20 patients comprised 15 men and had a median age of 67 (range: 57–88) years. The total radiation dose was 66–79.6 Gy (relative biological effectiveness [RBE]). Over a median follow up of 31 months, the 3-year rates of overall survival (OS) and local control (LC) were 100% and 94.4%, respectively. No grade ≥ 3 toxicities were observed. Based on a random effects model, a meta-analysis including the present results revealed 3-year OS rates after SBRT and PBT of 75.3% (95% CI: 57.3–86.6) and 94.3% (95% CI: 86.8–97.6), respectively (P = 0.005), but the difference in LC rates between the two methods was not observed (P = 0.63). PBT is expected to have similar if not better treatment results compared with SBRT for primary renal cancer. In particular, PBT was shown to be effective even for large RCC and could provide a therapeutic option when SBRT is not indicated.
Hematochezia due to arteriovenous malformation of the mesoappendix: a rare case report
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Anh , Van Pham Hiep , Tran Thang Manh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the mesoappendix is a very rare clinical entity. The clinical features, diagnosis and management of an AVM of the mesoappendix have yet to be sufficiently explained since reports about it are scarce. We report a 57-year-old man presented with hematochezia for 2 weeks. Upper and lower endoscopic could not find the source of bleeding. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed an AVM of the mesoappendix. A laparoscopic appendectomy was performed, and he had a resolution of his symptoms. Intraoperative findings and pathological results confirmed the diagnosis of AVM of the mesoappendix.
A rare case of severely elevated septic parameters caused by intercurrent juvenile rheumatoid arthritis despite dual trauma surgery
Authors: Wurm Lennard M , Andresen Julian R , Reinke Justyna , Poddubnyy Denis , Ertel Wolfgang , Jagielski Michal W 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProcalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are considered markers used in clinical practice to differentiate bacterial infections from autoimmune origin. Here we evaluate a rare case of a male patient diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The patient presented repeatedly to our department with atraumatic femoral head necrosis, traumatic medial femoral neck fracture and peri-implant femoral fracture. While undergoing repeated surgical interventions including a removal of osteosynthesis material and total endoprosthesis of his right hip including double subtrochanteric osteotomy, the patient developed drastically increasing infection parameters of PCT and CRP. After a completely inconspicuous revision we revealed the untypical genesis of a rheumatic cause. Consequently, we emphasize this etiology to be considered in further decision making for trauma surgery.
Right-sided ALPPS after preoperative emergency embolization of the right hepatic artery: case report with a favorable anatomy
Authors: Laurinavicius Petras , Müller Philip C , Ghafoor Soleen , Jonas Jan Philipp , Oberkofler Christian E , Clavien Pierre-Alain , Petrowsky Henrik 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn patients with extensive colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) and insufficient future liver remnant (FLR) a faster and more effective FLR augmentation than portal vein embolization is the associating liver partition and portal vein ligation in staged hepatectomy (ALPPS). Before ALPPS, the presence of arterial blood supply to the subsequently resected hemiliver must be ensured. We present a case with neoadjuvant-treated CRLM and insufficient FLR who developed a large intrahepatic hematoma after liver biopsy. For continuous bleeding, the right hepatic artery was embolized. Fortunately, an accessory right hepatic artery arising from the superior mesenteric artery was present, which enabled the ALPPS procedure to be performed. After ALPPS, the patient did not experience liver failure. The case exemplifies that preoperative evaluation of the vascular supply of the liver is of paramount importance in advanced hepatic surgery such as ALPPS.
Opacification of a scleral-sutured Akreos AO60 intraocular lens in the absence of concurrent or subsequent surgery: a case series
Authors: Ahmed Harris , Subramanian Sam , Chalam K V 
Published: April 2023

AbstractScleral-fixated intraocular lenses (SCIOLs) are an increasingly used option to place intraocular lenses in patients with compromised capsules. Akreos A060 is an acrylic hydrophilic lens that is commonly used for patients in need of SCIOL. As with other hydrophilic lenses, the Akreos A060 lens is associated with a risk of developing postoperative opacifications. To date, multiple case reports and case series have documented the development of opacifications in the Akreos A060 lens in the setting of subsequent intraocular surgery, most commonly after surgery involving gas or air, as commonly used in many routine retinal and corneal surgeries. Many theories have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, but none has been confirmed. This short case series presents two patients with Akreos A060 lenses who incidentally developed lens opacification in the absence of concurrent or subsequent intraocular surgery.
Clinical role of serum tumor markers SCC, NSE, CA 125, CA 19-9, and CYFRA 21-1 in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Sun Aiwen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic value of tumor markers in discriminating between lung cancer and benign chest diseases (BCDs).

Methods
There were 322 patients enrolled in this investigation including 180 cases of lung cancer and 142 cases of BCD. Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cancer antigen 125, cancer antigen 19-9, squamous cell carcinoma–related antigen, and cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA 21-1) were compared between different populations, cancer stages, and before and after treatment. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic markers.

Results
Both NSE and CYFRA 21-1 were significantly associated with lung cancer. The CYFRA 21-1 showed the best performance, as well as its combinations, for lung cancer diagnosis. It also showed significant change 6 months after radical surgery in lung cancer patients.

Conclusion
The marker CYFRA 21-1 could be developed as an adjuvant marker for the early diagnosis of lung cancer and as a prognostic marker for lung cancer treatment.
The importance of live binary evolution in numerical simulations of binaries embedded in circumbinary discs
Authors: Franchini Alessia , Lupi Alessandro , Sesana Alberto , Haiman Zoltan 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
The shrinking of a binary orbit driven by the interaction with a gaseous circumbinary disc, initially advocated as a potential way to catalyse the binary merger, has recently been debated in the case of geometrically thick (i.e. with H/R ≳ 0.1) discs. However, a clear consensus is still missing mainly owing to numerical limitations, such as fixed orbit binaries or lack of resolution inside the cavity carved by the binary in its circumbinary disc. In this work, we assess the importance of evolving the binary orbit by means of hydrodynamic simulations performed with the code gizmo in meshless finite mass mode. In order to model the interaction between equal mass circular binaries and their locally isothermal circumbinary discs, we enforce hyper-Lagrangian resolution inside the cavity. We find that fixing the binary orbit ultimately leads to an overestimate of the gravitational torque that the gas exerts on the binary and an underestimate of the torque due to the accretion of material on to the binary components. Furthermore, we find that the modulation of the accretion rate on the binary orbital period is strongly suppressed in the fixed orbit simulation, while it is clearly present in the live binary simulations. This has potential implications for the prediction of the observable periodicities in massive black hole binary candidates.
TIC 219006972: a compact, coplanar quadruple star system consisting of two eclipsing binaries with an outer period of 168 d
Authors: Kostov Veselin B , Borkovits Tamás , Rappaport Saul A , Powell Brian P , Pál András , Jacobs Thomas L , Gagliano Robert , Kristiansen Martti H , LaCourse Daryll M , Moe Maxwell , Omohundro Mark , Schmitt Allan R , Schwengeler Hans M , Terentev Ivan A , Vanderburg Andrew 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the discovery of a new highly compact quadruple star system, TIC 219006972, consisting of two eclipsing binary stars with orbital periods of 8.3 and 13.7 d, and an outer orbital period of only 168 d. This period is a full factor of 2 shorter than the quadruple with the shortest outer period reported previously, VW LMi, where the two binary components orbit each other every 355 d. The target was observed by Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite in full-frame images in sectors 14–16, 21–23, 41, 48, and 49, and produced two sets of primary and secondary eclipses. These show strongly non-linear eclipse timing variations (ETVs) with an amplitude of ∼0.1 d, where the ETVs of the primary and secondary eclipses and of the two binaries are all largely positively correlated. This highlights the strong dynamical interactions between the two binaries and confirms the compact quadruple configuration of TIC 219006972. The two eclipsing binaries are nearly circular, whereas the quadruple system has an outer eccentricity of about 0.25. The entire system is nearly edge-on, with a mutual orbital inclination between the two eclipsing binary star systems of about 1 deg.
Short-term topiramate treatment prevents radiation-induced cytotoxic edema in preclinical models of breast-cancer brain metastasis
Authors: Contreras-Zárate Maria J , Alvarez-Eraso Karen L F , Jaramillo-Gómez Jenny A , Littrell Zachary , Tsuji Nikki , Ormond D Ryan , Karam Sana D , Kabos Peter , Cittelly Diana M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Brain edema is a common complication of brain metastases (BM) and associated treatment. The extent to which cytotoxic edema, the first step in the sequence that leads to ionic edema, vasogenic edema, and brain swelling, contributes to radiation-induced brain edema during BM remains unknown. This study aimed to determine whether radiation-associated treatment of BM induces cytotoxic edema and the consequences of blocking the edema in preclinical models of breast-cancer brain metastases (BCBM).

Methods
Using in vitro and in vivo models, we measured astrocytic swelling, trans-electric resistance (TEER), and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression following radiation. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of AQP4 in astrocytes and cancer cells was used to assess the role of AQP4 in astrocytic swelling and brain water intake. An anti-epileptic drug that blocks AQP4 function (topiramate) was used to prevent cytotoxic edema in models of BM.

Results
Radiation-induced astrocytic swelling and transient upregulation of AQP4 occurred within the first 24 hours following radiation. Topiramate decreased radiation-induced astrocytic swelling and loss of TEER in astrocytes in vitro, and acute short-term treatment (but not continuous administration), prevented radiation-induced increase in brain water content without pro-tumorigenic effects in multiple preclinical models of BCBM. AQP4 was expressed in clinical BM and breast-cancer cell lines, but AQP4 targeting had limited direct pro-tumorigenic or radioprotective effects in cancer cells that could impact its clinical translation.

Conclusions
Patients with BM could find additional benefits from acute and temporary preventive treatment of radiation-induced cytotoxic edema using anti-epileptic drugs able to block AQP4 function.