bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced Net CO2 Uptake During Dry Summers in a Boreal Shield Peatland
Authors: McDonald R. M. , Moore P. A. , Helbig M. , Waddington J. M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPeatlands are globally important long‐term sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). However, there is concern that climate change‐mediated drying will reduce gross primary productivity (GPP) and increase ecosystem respiration (ER) making peatlands vulnerable to a weaker carbon sink function and potential net carbon loss. While large and deep peatlands are usually resilient to moderate summer drying, CO2 exchange in shallow Boreal Shield peatlands is likely more sensitive to drying given the reduced groundwater connectivity and water storage potential. To better understand the carbon cycling responses of Boreal Shield peatlands to meteorological conditions, we examined ecohydrological controls on CO2 fluxes using the eddy covariance technique at a shallow peatland during the summer season for 5 years, from 2016–2020. We found lower GPP in dry summer years. Mean summer water table depth (WTD) was found to be significantly correlated with summer total net ecosystem CO2 exchange (R2 = 0.78; p value = 0.046) and GPP (R2 = 0.83; p value = 0.03), where wet summers with a WT close to the peat surface sequestered more than twice the amount of CO2 than dry summers. Our findings suggest that shallow Boreal Shield peatland GPP may be sensitive to climate‐mediated drying as they may switch to a net CO2 source in the summer season when WTDs exceed a critical ecohydrological threshold for a prolonged period of time.
North Atlantic Drift Sediments Constrain Eocene Tidal Dissipation and the Evolution of the Earth‐Moon System
Authors: De Vleeschouwer David , Penman Donald E. , D'haenens Simon , Wu Fei , Westerhold Thomas , Vahlenkamp Maximilian , Cappelli Carlotta , Agnini Claudia , Kordesch Wendy E. C. , King Daniel J. , van der Ploeg Robin , Pälike Heiko , Turner Sandra Kirtland , Wilson Paul , Norris Richard D. , Zachos James C. , Bohaty Steven M. , Hull Pincelli M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCyclostratigraphy and astrochronology are now at the forefront of geologic timekeeping. While this technique heavily relies on the accuracy of astronomical calculations, solar system chaos limits how far back astronomical calculations can be performed with confidence. High‐resolution paleoclimate records with Milankovitch imprints now allow reversing the traditional cyclostratigraphic approach: Middle Eocene drift sediments from Newfoundland Ridge are well‐suited for this purpose, due to high sedimentation rates and distinct lithological cycles. Per contra, the stratigraphies of Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Sites U1408–U1410 are highly complex with several hiatuses. Here, we built a two‐site composite and constructed a conservative age‐depth model to provide a reliable chronology for this rhythmic, highly resolved (<1 kyr) sedimentary archive. Astronomical components (g‐terms and precession constant) are extracted from proxy time‐series using two different techniques, producing consistent results. We find astronomical frequencies up to 4% lower than reported in astronomical solution La04. This solution, however, was smoothed over 20‐Myr intervals, and our results therefore provide constraints on g‐term variability on shorter, million‐year timescales. We also report first evidence that the g4–g3 “grand eccentricity cycle” may have had a 1.2‐Myr period around 41 Ma, contrary to its 2.4‐Myr periodicity today. Our median precession constant estimate (51.28 ± 0.56″/year) confirms earlier indicators of a relatively low rate of tidal dissipation in the Paleogene. Newfoundland Ridge drift sediments thus enable a reliable reconstruction of astronomical components at the limit of validity of current astronomical calculations, extracted from geologic data, providing a new target for the next generation of astronomical calculations.
CD8+ CD226high T cells in liver metastases dictate the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and radical surgery
Authors: Viot Julien , Abdeljaoued Syrine , Vienot Angélique , Seffar Evan , Spehner Laurie , Bouard Adeline , Asgarov Kamal , Pallandre Jean-René , Renaude Elodie , Klajer Elodie , Molimard Chloé , Monnien Franck , Bibeau Frederic , Turco Celia , Heyd Bruno , Peixoto Paul , Hervouet Eric , Loyon Romain , Doussot Alexandre , Borg Christophe , Kroemer Marie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCD226 has been reported to participate in the rescue of CD8+ T cell dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to assess the prognostic value of CD226 in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) derived from colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastases treated with chemotherapy and radical surgery. TILs from 43 metastases were isolated and analyzed ex vivo using flow cytometry. CD155 and CD3 levels in the tumor microenvironment were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Exploration and validation of biological processes highlighted in this study were performed by bioinformatics analysis of bulk RNA-seq results for 28 CRC liver metastases pretreated with chemotherapy as well as public gene expression datasets. CD226 expression contributes to the definition of the immune context in CRC liver metastases and primary tumors. CD226 on CD8+ T cells was not specifically coexpressed with other immune checkpoints, such as PD1, TIGIT, and TIM3, in liver metastases. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed CD226 expression on CD8+ T cells to be an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.003), along with CD3 density at invasion margins (p = 0.003) and TIGIT expression on CD4+ T cells (p = 0.019). CD155 was not associated with the prognostic value of CD226. Gene expression analysis in a validation dataset confirmed the prognostic value of CD226 in CRC liver metastases but not in primary tumors. Downregulation of CD226 on CD8+ TILs in the liver microenvironment was restored by IL15 treatment. Overall, CD226 expression on liver metastasis-infiltrating CD8+ T cells selectively contributes to immune surveillance of CRC liver metastases and has prognostic value for patients undergoing radical surgery.
Reprogramming systemic and local immune function to empower immunotherapy against glioblastoma
Authors: Zhou Songlei , Huang Yukun , Chen Yu , Liu Yipu , Xie Laozhi , You Yang , Tong Shiqiang , Xu Jianpei , Jiang Gan , Song Qingxiang , Mei Ni , Ma Fenfen , Gao Xiaoling , Chen Hongzhuan , Chen Jun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe limited benefits of immunotherapy against glioblastoma (GBM) is closely related to the paucity of T cells in brain tumor bed. Both systemic and local immunosuppression contribute to the deficiency of tumor-infiltrating T cells. However, the current studies focus heavily on the local immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment but not on the co-existence of systemic immunosuppression. Here, we develop a nanostructure named Nano-reshaper to co-encapsulate lymphopenia alleviating agent cannabidiol and lymphocyte recruiting cytokine LIGHT. The results show that Nano-reshaper increases the number of systemic T cells and improves local T-cell recruitment condition, thus greatly increasing T-cell infiltration. When combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor, this therapeutic modality achieves 83.3% long-term survivors without recurrence in GBM models in male mice. Collectively, this work unveils that simultaneous reprogramming of systemic and local immune function is critical for T-cell based immunotherapy and provides a clinically translatable option for combating brain tumors.
Influence of circadian clocks on adaptive immunity and vaccination responses
Authors: Ince Louise Madeleine , Barnoud Coline , Lutes Lydia Kay , Pick Robert , Wang Chen , Sinturel Flore , Chen Chien-Sin , de Juan Alba , Weber Jasmin , Holtkamp Stephan J. , Hergenhan Sophia Martina , Geddes-McAlister Jennifer , Ebner Stefan , Fontannaz Paola , Meyer Benjamin , Vono Maria , Jemelin Stéphane , Dibner Charna , Siegrist Claire-Anne , Meissner Felix , Graw Frederik , Scheiermann Christoph 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe adaptive immune response is under circadian control, yet, why adaptive immune reactions continue to exhibit circadian changes over long periods of time is unknown. Using a combination of experimental and mathematical modeling approaches, we show here that dendritic cells migrate from the skin to the draining lymph node in a time-of-day-dependent manner, which provides an enhanced likelihood for functional interactions with T cells. Rhythmic expression of TNF in the draining lymph node enhances BMAL1-controlled ICAM-1 expression in high endothelial venules, resulting in lymphocyte infiltration and lymph node expansion. Lymph node cellularity continues to be different for weeks after the initial time-of-day-dependent challenge, which governs the immune response to vaccinations directed against Hepatitis A virus as well as SARS-CoV-2. In this work, we present a mechanistic understanding of the time-of-day dependent development and maintenance of an adaptive immune response, providing a strategy for using time-of-day to optimize vaccination regimes.
FTO-dependent m6A modification of Plpp3 in circSCMH1-regulated vascular repair and functional recovery following stroke
Authors: Li Bin , Xi Wen , Bai Ying , Liu Xue , Zhang Yuan , Li Lu , Bian Liang , Liu Chenchen , Tang Ying , Shen Ling , Yang Li , Gu Xiaochun , Xie Jian , Zhou Zhongqiu , Wang Yu , Yu Xiaoyu , Wang Jianhong , Chao Jie , Han Bing , Yao Honghong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVascular repair is considered a key restorative measure to improve long-term outcomes after ischemic stroke. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent internal modification in eukaryotic mRNAs, functionally mediates vascular repair. However, whether circular RNA SCMH1 (circSCMH1) promotes vascular repair by m6A methylation after stroke remains to be elucidated. Here, we identify the role of circSCMH1 in promoting vascular repair in peri-infarct cortex of male mice and male monkeys after photothrombotic (PT) stroke, and attenuating the ischemia-induced m6A methylation in peri-infarct cortex of male mice after PT stroke. Mechanically, circSCMH1 increased the translocation of ubiquitination-modified fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) into nucleus of endothelial cells (ECs), leading to m6A demethylation of phospholipid phosphatase 3 (Plpp3) mRNA and subsequently the increase of Plpp3 expression in ECs. Our data demonstrate that circSCMH1 enhances vascular repair via FTO-regulated m6A methylation after stroke, providing insights into the mechanism of circSCMH1 in promoting stroke recovery.
Selective hydrogenation via precise hydrogen bond interactions on catalytic scaffolds
Authors: Shi Song , Yang Piaoping , Dun Chaochao , Zheng Weiqing , Urban Jeffrey J. , Vlachos Dionisios G. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The active site environment in enzymes has been known to affect catalyst performance through weak interactions with a substrate, but precise synthetic control of enzyme inspired heterogeneous catalysts remains challenging. Here, we synthesize hyper-crosslinked porous polymer (HCPs) with solely -OH or -CH3 groups on the polymer scaffold to tune the environment of active sites. Reaction rate measurements, spectroscopic techniques, along with DFT calculations show that HCP-OH catalysts enhance the hydrogenation rate of H-acceptor substrates containing carbonyl groups whereas hydrophobic HCP- CH3 ones promote non-H bond substrate activation. The functional groups go beyond enhancing substrate adsorption to partially activate the C = O bond and tune the catalytic sites. They also expose selectivity control in the hydrogenation of multifunctional substrates through preferential substrate functional group adsorption. The proposed synthetic strategy opens a new class of porous polymers for selective catalysis.
Climate teleconnections modulate global burned area
Authors: Cardil Adrián , Rodrigues Marcos , Tapia Mario , Barbero Renaud , Ramírez Joaquin , Stoof Cathelijne R. , Silva Carlos Alberto , Mohan Midhun , de-Miguel Sergio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractClimate teleconnections (CT) remotely influence weather conditions in many regions on Earth, entailing changes in primary drivers of fire activity such as vegetation biomass accumulation and moisture. We reveal significant relationships between the main global CTs and burned area that vary across and within continents and biomes according to both synchronous and lagged signals, and marked regional patterns. Overall, CTs modulate 52.9% of global burned area, the Tropical North Atlantic mode being the most relevant CT. Here, we summarized the CT-fire relationships into a set of six global CT domains that are discussed by continent, considering the underlying mechanisms relating weather patterns and vegetation types with burned area across the different world’s biomes. Our findings highlight the regional CT-fire relationships worldwide, aiming to further support fire management and policy-making.
Rapid metabolic reprogramming mediated by the AMP-activated protein kinase during the lytic cycle of Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Li Yaqiong , Niu Zhipeng , Yang Jichao , Yang Xuke , Chen Yukun , Li Yingying , Liang Xiaohan , Zhang Jingwen , Fan Fuqiang , Wu Ping , Peng Chao , Shen Bang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe ubiquitous pathogen Toxoplasma gondii has a complex lifestyle with different metabolic activities at different stages that are intimately linked to the parasitic environments. Here we identified the eukaryotic regulator of cellular homeostasis AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in Toxoplasma and discovered its role in metabolic programming during parasite’s lytic cycle. The catalytic subunit AMPKα is quickly phosphorylated after the release of intracellular parasites to extracellular environments, driving energy-producing catabolism to power parasite motility and invasion into host cells. Once inside host cells, AMPKα phosphorylation is reduced to basal level to promote a balance between energy production and biomass synthesis, allowing robust parasite replication. AMPKγ depletion abolishes AMPKα phosphorylation and suppresses parasite growth, which can be partially rescued by overexpressing wildtype AMPKα but not the phosphorylation mutants. Thus, through the cyclic reprogramming by AMPK, the parasites’ metabolic needs at each stage are satisfied and the lytic cycle progresses robustly.
Regioselective protein oxidative cleavage enabled by enzyme-like recognition of an inorganic metal oxo cluster ligand
Authors: Abdelhameed Shorok A. M. , de Azambuja Francisco , Vasović Tamara , Savić Nada D. , Ćirković Veličković Tanja , Parac-Vogt Tatjana N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOxidative modifications of proteins are key to many applications in biotechnology. Metal-catalyzed oxidation reactions efficiently oxidize proteins but with low selectivity, and are highly dependent on the protein surface residues to direct the reaction. Herein, we demonstrate that discrete inorganic ligands such as polyoxometalates enable an efficient and selective protein oxidative cleavage. In the presence of ascorbate (1 mM), the Cu-substituted polyoxometalate K8[Cu2+(H2O)(α2-P2W17O61)], (CuIIWD, 0.05 mM) selectively cleave hen egg white lysozyme under physiological conditions (pH =7.5, 37 °C) producing only four bands in the gel electropherogram (12.7, 11, 10, and 5 kDa). Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis reveals a regioselective cleavage in the vicinity of crystallographic CuIIWD/lysozyme interaction sites. Mechanistically, polyoxometalate is critical to position the Cu at the protein surface and limit the generation of oxidative species to the proximity of binding sites. Ultimately, this study outlines the potential of discrete, designable metal oxo clusters as catalysts for the selective modification of proteins through radical mechanisms under non-denaturing conditions.
A phosphoinositide hub connects CLE peptide signaling and polar auxin efflux regulation
Authors: Wang Qian , Aliaga Fandino A. Cecilia , Graeff Moritz , DeFalco Thomas A. , Zipfel Cyril , Hardtke Christian S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAuxin efflux through plasma-membrane-integral PIN-FORMED (PIN) carriers is essential for plant tissue organization and tightly regulated. For instance, a molecular rheostat critically controls PIN-mediated auxin transport in developing protophloem sieve elements ofArabidopsisroots. Plasma-membrane-association of the rheostat proteins, BREVIS RADIX (BRX) and PROTEIN KINASE ASSOCIATED WITH BRX (PAX), is reinforced by interaction with PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-4-PHOSPHATE-5-KINASE (PIP5K). Genetic evidence suggests that BRX dampens autocrine signaling of CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED 45 (CLE45) peptide via its receptor BARELY ANY MERISTEM 3 (BAM3). How excess CLE45-BAM3 signaling interferes with protophloem development and whether it does so directly or indirectly remains unclear. Here we show that rheostat polarity is independent of PIN polarity, but interdependent with PIP5K. Catalytically inactive PIP5K confers rheostat polarity without reinforcing its localization, revealing a possible PIP5K scaffolding function. Moreover, PIP5K and PAX cooperatively control local PIN abundance. We further find that CLE45-BAM3 signaling branches via RLCK-VII/PBS1-LIKE (PBL) cytoplasmic kinases to destabilize rheostat localization. Our data thus reveal antagonism between CLE45-BAM3-PBL signaling and PIP5K that converges on auxin efflux regulation through dynamic control of PAX polarity. Because second-sitebam3mutation suppresses root as well as shoot phenotypes ofpip5kmutants, CLE peptide signaling likely modulates phosphoinositide-dependent processes in various developmental contexts.
Mechanism of regulation of the Helicobacter pylori Cagβ ATPase by CagZ
Authors: Wu Xiuling , Zhao Yanhe , Zhang Hong , Yang Wendi , Yang Jinbo , Sun Lifang , Jiang Meiqin , Wang Qin , Wang Qianchao , Ye Xianren , Zhang Xuewu , Wu Yunkun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe transport of the CagA effector into gastric epithelial cells by the Cag Type IV secretion system (Cag T4SS) of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is critical for pathogenesis. CagA is recruited to Cag T4SS by the Cagβ ATPase. CagZ, a unique protein in H. pylori, regulates Cagβ-mediated CagA transport, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report the crystal structure of the cytosolic region of Cagβ, showing a typical ring-like hexameric assembly. The central channel of the ring is narrow, suggesting that CagA must unfold for transport through the channel. Our structure of CagZ in complex with the all-alpha domain (AAD) of Cagβ shows that CagZ adopts an overall U-shape and tightly embraces Cagβ. This binding mode of CagZ is incompatible with the formation of the Cagβ hexamer essential for the ATPase activity. CagZ therefore inhibits Cagβ by trapping it in the monomeric state. Based on these findings, we propose a refined model for the transport of CagA by Cagβ.
Rapid upwards spread of non-native plants in mountains across continents
Authors: Iseli Evelin , Chisholm Chelsea , Lenoir Jonathan , Haider Sylvia , Seipel Tim , Barros Agustina , Hargreaves Anna L. , Kardol Paul , Lembrechts Jonas J. , McDougall Keith , Rashid Irfan , Rumpf Sabine B. , Arévalo José Ramón , Cavieres Lohengrin , Daehler Curtis , Dar Pervaiz A. , Endress Bryan , Jakobs Gabi , Jiménez Alejandra , Küffer Christoph , Mihoc Maritza , Milbau Ann , Morgan John W. , Naylor Bridgett J. , Pauchard Aníbal , Ratier Backes Amanda , Reshi Zafar A. , Rew Lisa J. , Righetti Damiano , Shannon James M. , Valencia Graciela , Walsh Neville , Wright Genevieve T. , Alexander Jake M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHigh-elevation ecosystems are among the few ecosystems worldwide that are not yet heavily invaded by non-native plants. This is expected to change as species expand their range limits upwards to fill their climatic niches and respond to ongoing anthropogenic disturbances. Yet, whether and how quickly these changes are happening has only been assessed in a few isolated cases. Starting in 2007, we conducted repeated surveys of non-native plant distributions along mountain roads in 11 regions from 5 continents. We show that over a 5- to 10-year period, the number of non-native species increased on average by approximately 16% per decade across regions. The direction and magnitude of upper range limit shifts depended on elevation across all regions. Supported by a null-model approach accounting for range changes expected by chance alone, we found greater than expected upward shifts at lower/mid elevations in at least seven regions. After accounting for elevation dependence, significant average upward shifts were detected in a further three regions (revealing evidence for upward shifts in 10 of 11 regions). Together, our results show that mountain environments are becoming increasingly exposed to biological invasions, emphasizing the need to monitor and prevent potential biosecurity issues emerging in high-elevation ecosystems.
An ethological analysis of close-contact inter-cat interactions determining if cats are playing, fighting, or something in between
Authors: Gajdoš-Kmecová N. , Peťková B. , Kottferová J. , Halls V. , Haddon C. , de Assis L. Santos , Mills D. S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntraspecific social interactions in domestic cats are often categorised as affiliative or agonistic. However, public or professional assessment of encounters can have difficulty distinguishing rough-and-tumble play from true agonism. One possible issue is the potential occurrence of elements of both, play and agonism, within inter-cat play, for example when one cat wants to terminate a bout of play but the other seeks to continue the interaction, which subsequently may provoke more overt agonistic behaviour. To test this hypothesis, we conducted behavioural observations of 105 unique dyadic interactions of domestic cats (N = 210) captured on videos collected from owners and YouTube. We assessed cats for the frequency and duration of six behavioural elements. The dataset was reduced using PCA with a varimax rotation and factor scores were used to classify the population using hierarchical cluster analysis. To validate the identified clusters, the average scores of the constituent factors were compared and the data on interactions were labelled by four cat behaviour experts as “playful”, “intermediate” or “agonistic”. In addition, to evaluate properties of expert-labelled categories we used linear discriminant analysis followed by an ordinal regression. The results showed considerable convergent validity in factor distributions between clusters and expert-labelled groups: reciprocal wrestling was most closely associated with a group of playfully interacting cats, while vocalisation and chasing were associated with the agonistic group. The intermediate group, while having characteristics of both, was more closely related to the playful group than the agonistic group, with prolonged exchanges of interactive behaviours being a predominant feature. Thus, our findings support the suggestion of there being an intermediate category between mutual social play and agonism. This might escalate into a fully agonistic encounter, but does not necessarily reflect a break down in their social relationship but rather a short-term disagreement in social priorities.