bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining root and soil hydraulics in macroscopic representations of root water uptake
Authors: Vanderborght Jan , Leitner Daniel , Schnepf Andrea , Couvreur Valentin , Vereecken Harry , Javaux Mathieu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPlant water uptake and plant and soil water status are important for the soil water balance and plant growth. They depend on atmospheric water demand and the accessibility of soil water to plant roots, which is in turn related to the hydraulic properties of the root system and the soil around root segments. We present a simulation model that describes water flow in the soil–plant system mechanistically considering both root and soil hydraulic properties. We developed an approach to upscale three‐dimensional (3D) flow in the soil toward root segments of a 3D root architecture to a model that considers one‐dimensional flow between horizontal soil layers and radial flow to root segments in that layer. The upscaled model couples upscaled linear flow equations in the root system with an analytical solution of the nonlinear radial flow equation between the soil and roots. The upscaled model avoids simplifying assumptions about root hydraulic properties and water potential drops near roots made in, respectively, soil‐ and root‐centered models. Xylem water potentials and soil–root interface potentials are explicitly simulated and show, respectively, large variations with depth and large deviations from bulk soil water potentials under dry soil conditions. Accounting for hydraulic gradients in the soil around root segments led to an earlier but slower reduction of transpiration during a drought period and a better plant water status with higher nighttime plant water potentials.
Plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria mediate soil hydro‐physical properties: An investigation with Bacillus subtilis and its mutants
Authors: Kaniz Fatema , Zheng Wenjuan , Bais Harsh , Jin Yan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPlant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria and other soil bacteria have the potential to improve soil hydro‐physical properties and processes through the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). However, the mechanisms by which EPS mediates changes in soil properties and processes remain incompletely understood, partly due to variations in EPS composition produced under different environmental conditions. In this study, we investigated the influence of different bacterial traits on intrinsic soil properties and processes of evaporation and infiltration using sand treated with the wild‐type Bacillus subtilis variant (UD1022) and its two mutant variants, – and srf. The – mutant suppresses EPS production through alterations in the eps and tasA genes, while the srf mutant lacks the gene for surfactin production. Experimental results confirmed that the solution viscosity of the – mutant was the lowest and the solution surface tension of the srf mutant was the highest among the three tested bacteria strains. The distinct intrinsic properties of EPS produced by these bacterial strains resulted in varied hydro‐physical responses in the treated sand. Key influences included modifications in wettability, hydraulic decoupling (or mixed wettability), and aggregation, which collectively led to reduced evaporation rates and heterogeneous water distribution during infiltration in the bacteria‐treated sands. Our findings advance the understanding of the role bacterial EPS play in vadose zone hydrology and offer insights for the development of sustainable strategies for increasing water retention, supporting crop production in arid regions, and facilitating land restoration.
Grundlagen: Output
Authors: Schrills Tim 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungNeben den bereits vorgestellten Inputs und der Funktionsweise sind vor allem die Ergebnisse von KI-Systemen entscheidend. Sie bieten die Grundlage für alle weiteren Verarbeitungen und Handlungen, sei es durch Mensch oder Maschine. Dieses Kapitel macht Unterschiede zwischen den verschiedenen Kategorien von Outputs deutlich, bspw. inwiefern ein System nur Kategorien kennt oder einen kontinuierlichen Wert bereitstellt. Dazu werden verschiedene Arten von KI-Outputs, sowie das Konzept von Metadaten an zwei Fallbeispielen vorgestellt und durchexerziert.
Prozessautomatisierung
Authors: Dhungel Anna-Katharina 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungEs gibt unterschiedliche Ansätze, Prozesse und Abläufe in öffentlichen Verwaltungen zu verbessern, etwa durch ein kontinuierliches Prozess-Verbesserungsmanagement oder regelmäßige strukturierte Reflexions-Workshops. Aus technischer Sicht können auch hier gegebenenfalls KI-Systeme zum Einsatz kommen. In diesem Kapitel werden entsprechende Einsatzmöglichkeiten vorgestellt. Zunächst wird erörtert, inwiefern Assistenzsysteme Prozesse unterstützen und betroffende Mitarbeitende entlastet werden können (9.2). Anschließend wird ein Überblick über das sogenannte Business Process Management geliefert (9.3). Darauf aufbauend werden Grundlagen zu Robotic Process Automation (9.4) und dessen arbeitspsychologische Auswirkungen bei einem möglichen Einsatz vorgestellt (9.5). Schließlich wird diskutiert, wie sich ein Einsatz von Robotic Process Automation in der Verwaltung gestalten könnte und welche Vor- und Nachteile damit einhergehen (9.6). Das angeeignete Wissen kann in einer Übung reflektiert (9.7) und im eigenen Anwendungsfall eingesetzt werden (9.8).
Three relativistic neutrons in a finite volume
Authors: Draper Zachary T. , Hansen Maxwell T. , Romero-López Fernando , Sharpe Stephen R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We generalize the relativistic field-theoretic (RFT) three-particle finite-volume formalism to systems of three identical, massive, spin-1/2 fermions, such as three neutrons. This allows, in principle, for the determination of the three-neutron interaction from the finite-volume spectrum of three-neutron states, which can be obtained from lattice QCD calculations.
Spacetime topology from holographic entanglement
Authors: Cantcheff Marcelo Botta 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
An asymptotically AdS geometry connecting two or more boundaries is given by a entangled state, that can be expanded in the product basis of the Hilbert spaces of each CFT living on the boundaries. We derive a prescription to compute this expansion for states describing spacetimes with general spatial topology in arbitrary dimension. To large N, the expansion coincides with the Schmidt decomposition and the coefficients are given by n-point correlation functions on a particular Euclidean geometry.We show that this applies to all spacetime that admits a Hartle-Hawking type of wave functional, which via a standard hypothesis on the spatial topology, can be (one to one) mapped to CFT states defined on the asymptotic boundary. It is also observed that these states are endowed with quantum coherence properties.Applying this as holographic engineering, one can to construct an emergent space geometry with certain predetermined topology by preparing an entangled state of the dual quantum system. As an example, we apply the method to calculate the expansion and characterize a spacetime whose initial spatial topology is a (genus one) handlebody.
Z2-odd Polonyi field in twin Higgs model
Authors: Choi Gongjun , Harigaya Keisuke 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We consider a supersymmetric mirror Twin Higgs model in a gravity-mediated supersymmetry-breaking scenario. We point out that the Polonyi field can be odd under the Z2 symmetry exchanging the Standard Model with the mirror sector while gaugino masses are generated at tree-level. We discuss the dynamics of the Polonyi field during and after inflation and show that the Polonyi problem is absent. The Polonyi field couples to the two sectors with opposite signs, which may serve as origin of the Z2-breaking of the Higgs potential in Twin Higgs models. We also estimate the Z2-breaking in soft masses of supersymmetric particles.
Electromagnetic and gravitational local spatial densities for spin-1 systems
Authors: Panteleeva J. Yu. , Epelbaum E. , Gegelia J. , Meißner U.-G. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The matrix elements of the electromagnetic current and the energy-momentum tensor for sharply localized states of spin-1 systems are considered. Their interpretation as local spatial densities of various characteristics of the considered system is discussed.
Timing and origin of skarn-, greisen-, and vein-hosted tin mineralization at Geyer, Erzgebirge (Germany)
Authors: Meyer Nicolas , Markl Gregor , Gerdes Axel , Gutzmer Jens , Burisch Mathias 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis contribution presents new insights into the origin and age relationships of the Geyer tin deposit in the Erzgebirge, Germany. Tin mineralization occurs in skarns, greisen, and in cassiterite-bearing fluorite-quartz veins. Skarn alteration replaces marble layers of the Cambrian Jáchymov Group and occurs in two clearly distinct stages. The first skarn stage forms skarnoid textured assemblages of clinopyroxene, garnet, and wollastonite with no tin phases recognized. Garnet U-Pb ages of this skarn stage (~322 Ma) relate the earlier skarn stage to the emplacement of the Ehrenfriedersdorf granite (~324 to 317 Ma). The second stage of skarn alteration is marked by the occurrence of malayaite and cassiterite associated with garnet recording ages of 307 to 301 Ma. Greisen- and skarn-hosted cassiterite-bearing veins provide U-Pb ages in the range of 308 to 305 Ma, relating greisenization and vein formation to the same magmatic-hydrothermal event as the second skarn stage. This suggests that tin mineralization at Geyer is related to a distinctly younger magmatic-hydrothermal event, clearly postdating the Ehrenfriedersdorf granite, which was previously assumed as the source of the tin-rich fluids. Fluid inclusions show salinities in the range of 1.0 to 31.5 % eq. w(NaCl±CaCl2) and homogenization temperatures between 255 and 340 °C. Cassiterite-associated fluid inclusions show indications for heterogeneous entrapment and dilution of hydrothermal with meteoric fluids. Dilution of high-salinity fluids with low-salinity fluids and cooling of the system was probably a decisive process in the precipitation of cassiterite in the Geyer Sn system.
A myopic adjustment process for mean field games with finite state and action space
Authors: Neumann Berenice Anne 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a natural learning rule for mean field games with finite state and action space, the so-called myopic adjustment process. The main motivation for these considerations is the complexity of the computations necessary to determine dynamic mean field equilibria, which makes it seem questionable whether agents are indeed able to play these equilibria. We prove that the myopic adjustment process converges locally towards strict stationary equilibria under rather broad conditions. Moreover, we also obtain a global convergence result under stronger, yet intuitive conditions.
Comparative studies of decoupling schemes in the current control loop of three-phase drives at extreme stator/sampling frequency ratios
Authors: Nuß Uwe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the performance of different continuous-time and discrete-time models of the electrical subsystem of induction machines and permanent-magnet synchronous machines as well as methods based on them for decoupling the direct and quadrature axis components of the stator current are investigated and compared. The focus here is on inverter-fed, pulse width modulated drives when operated with a relatively large product of stator frequency and sampling time, where significant differences between the models and decoupling methods used come to light. Recommendations for a discrete-time model to be used uniformly in the future are made, as well as statements on whether feedforward or feedback decoupling structures are better suited and whether state controllers improve decoupling measures for very steep speed ramps. Simulation studies and measurement results support the statements made above.
Existence of Radial Global Smooth Solutions to the Pressureless Euler–Poisson Equations with Quadratic Confinement
Authors: Carrillo José A. , Shu Ruiwen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe consider the pressureless Euler–Poisson equations with quadratic confinement. For spatial dimension $$d\ge 2,\,d\ne 4$$

d
≥
2
,

d
≠
4

, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of radial global smooth solutions, which is formulated explicitly in terms of the initial data. This condition appears to be much more restrictive than the critical-threshold conditions commonly seen in the study of Euler-type equations. To obtain our results, the key observation is that every characteristic satisfies a periodic ODE system, and the existence of a global smooth solution requires the period of every characteristic to be identical.
Pair density functional theory for excited states of Coulomb systems
Authors: Nagy Á. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPair density functional theory is extended to excited states of Coulomb systems. It is shown that the pair density determines the Hamiltonian of the Coulomb system. A universal kinetic energy functional appropriate for the ground and all bound excited states is defined. The Euler equation can be rewritten as a two-particle auxiliary equation in which the unknown Pauli-like potential should be approximated.
Assessment of the stability of antimicrobials and resistance genes during short- and long-term storage condition: accounting for uncertainties in bioanalytical workflows
Authors: Xu Like , Kasprzyk-Hordern Barbara 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnravelling complexities in antimicrobial agent–microbe interactions in the context of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) requires robust analytical workflows accounting for all uncertainties. Temporal storage of wastewater samples under refrigerated or frozen conditions prior to chemical and biological analysis is widely used to facilitate laboratory routine but may affect stability of analytes over time. Yet, little knowledge exists regarding stability of biological and chemical determinants in environmental samples, which hampers validity of research outputs. This study examines, for the first time, the stability of 32 antimicrobials (AAs) including commonly used classes of antibiotics and their representative metabolites and variation of 5 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) (ermB, sul1, tetW, blaCTX-M, qnrS), as well as intI1 and 16S rRNA genes in a reference wastewater sample stored under freezing condition for up to 1 year. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) techniques were adopted to measure concentration of AAs and ARGs, respectively. Results suggested that parent compounds are less affected by freezing storage compared to the metabolites. β-Lactams, clindamycin, and N-desmethyl clindamycin are the most-affected compounds which were poorly recovered (34–67%) from the starting concentration. By contrast, sulfonamides, macrolides, quinolones, and azoles are generally stable under freezing condition. No consistent differences were observed in gene copies between fresh and frozen samples, and ermB and tetW showed the highest variabilities at 30% under freezing condition. Overall, this study adds to the current knowledge on environmental AMR monitoring and emphasises the need for standardised protocols for AMR monitoring in the wastewater samples.
Graphical Abstract
Reliability of brain atrophy measurements in multiple sclerosis using MRI: an assessment of six freely available software packages for cross-sectional analyses
Authors: van Nederpelt David R. , Amiri Houshang , Brouwer Iman , Noteboom Samantha , Mokkink Lidwine B. , Barkhof Frederik , Vrenken Hugo , Kuijer Joost P. A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Volume measurement using MRI is important to assess brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, differences between scanners, acquisition protocols, and analysis software introduce unwanted variability of volumes. To quantify theses effects, we compared within-scanner repeatability and between-scanner reproducibility of three different MR scanners for six brain segmentation methods.

Methods
Twenty-one people with MS underwent scanning and rescanning on three 3 T MR scanners (GE MR750, Philips Ingenuity, Toshiba Vantage Titan) to obtain 3D T1-weighted images. FreeSurfer, FSL, SAMSEG, FastSurfer, CAT-12, and SynthSeg were used to quantify brain, white matter and (deep) gray matter volumes both from lesion-filled and non-lesion-filled 3D T1-weighted images. We used intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) to quantify agreement; repeated-measures ANOVA to analyze systematic differences; and variance component analysis to quantify the standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable change (SDC).

Results
For all six software, both between-scanner agreement (ICCs ranging 0.4–1) and within-scanner agreement (ICC range: 0.6–1) were typically good, and good to excellent (ICC > 0.7) for large structures. No clear differences were found between filled and non-filled images. However, gray and white matter volumes did differ systematically between scanners for all software (p < 0.05). Variance component analysis yielded within-scanner SDC ranging from 1.02% (SAMSEG, whole-brain) to 14.55% (FreeSurfer, CSF); and between-scanner SDC ranging from 4.83% (SynthSeg, thalamus) to 29.25% (CAT12, thalamus).

Conclusion
Volume measurements of brain, GM and WM showed high repeatability, and high reproducibility despite substantial differences between scanners. Smallest detectable change was high, especially between different scanners, which hampers the clinical implementation of atrophy measurements.
Five-Year Outcomes after Paclitaxel Drug-Coated Balloon Treatment of Femoropopliteal Lesions in Diabetic and Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia Cohorts: IN.PACT Global Study Post Hoc Analysis
Authors: Reijnen Michel M. P. J. , van Wijck Iris , Brodmann Marianne , Micari Antonio , Torsello Giovanni , Rha Seung-Woon , Menk Jeremiah , Zeller Thomas ,   On behalf of the IN.PACT Global Study Investigators
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To summarize the 5-year outcomes of drug-coated balloon (DCB) for the treatment of femoropopliteal lesions in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) or chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) compared to non-DM and intermittent claudication (IC).

Methods
The IN.PACT Global study was a real-world prospective, multicenter, international, single-arm study that enrolled 1535 participants. Post hoc analyses were conducted for participants with DM (n = 560) versus non-DM (n = 842) and CLTI (n = 156) versus IC (n = 1246). Assessments included freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR) through 60 months, a composite safety outcome (freedom from device- and procedure-related death through 30 days, and freedom from major target limb amputation and freedom from CD-target vessel revascularization within 60 months), and major adverse events (MAEs).

Results
Kaplan–Meier estimates of 60-month freedom from CD-TLR were 67.7% and 70.5% (p = 0.25) in the DM and non-DM cohorts; and 60.7% and 70.5% (p = 0.006) in the CLTI and IC cohorts. The Kaplan–Meier 60-month composite safety outcomes were 65.1% DM versus 68.9% non-DM (p = 0.12); 53.2% CLTI versus 69.1% IC (p < 0.001). Between DM and non-DM, MAE rates were not significantly different through 60 months except for all-cause mortality which was higher in DM (23.8% versus 16.6%; p < 0.001). Participants with CLTI had a higher cumulative incidence of major target limb amputation (6.8% versus 1.1%; p < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (37.4% versus 17.4%; p < 0.001) through 60 months compared to IC.

Conclusions
In this real-world study, 5-year reintervention rates following DCB angioplasty were similar between DM and non-DM, but mortality rates were expectedly higher in patients with DM. Reintervention, mortality, and amputation rates were all higher in CLTI patients compared to IC, which is consistent with the known frailty of this patient population.

Level of Evidence
Level 3, Non-randomized controlled cohort/follow-up study
Speckle tracking echocardiography and β-thalassemia major. A systematic review
Authors: Patsourakos Dimitrios , Aggeli Constantina , Dimitroglou Yannis , Delicou Sophia , Xydaki Katerina , Koukos Markos , Tsartsalis Dimitrios , Gialeli Foteini , Gatzoulis Konstantinos A. , Tousoulis Dimitrios , Tsioufis Konstantinos 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHeart disease is among the primary causes of morbidity and mortality in β-thalassemia major (β-TM). Conventional echocardiography has failed to identify myocardial dysfunction at an early stage among these patients, thus speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) has been lately used. The objectives of this review were to 1) identify all published studies having evaluated myocardial strain among β-TM patients, 2) gather their results, 3) compare their findings and 4) propose recommendations based on these data. Literature search was conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS and Cohrane Library. Data regarding left ventricular global longitudinal (LV-GLS), circumferential (LV-GCS) and radial strain (LV-GRS), right ventricular longitudinal strain (RV-GLS), left and right atrial strain were extracted. Thirty-five studies (34 original articles and 1 meta-analysis) have met the inclusion criteria. LV-GLS has been reported being worse in patients compared to controls in 13 of 21 studies, LV-GCS in 7 of 11 studies, LV-GRS in 6 of 7 studies, RV-GLS in 2 of 3 studies and left atrial strain in all case–control studies. Myocardial iron overload (MIO) patient subgroups had worse LV-GLS in 6 of 15 studies, LV-GCS in 2 of 7 studies and LV-GRS in none of 7 studies. A small number of studies suggest left atrial strain correlation with electrical atrial ectopy and atrial fibrillation. It is suggested that STE should be applied supplementary to conventional echocardiography for early identification of myocardial dysfunction among β-TM patients. Potential myocardial strain utilities could be screening for myocardial iron overload, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and atrial fibrillation.