bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH SERVICE QUALITY TERHADAP TRUST PADA PELANGGAN BENGKEL DEALER DAIHATSU CABANG MAUMERE
Authors: Patricia Mega Anggraeny  , Debi Angelina Br Barus  
Published: December 2022

Trust adalah kepercayaan atau keyakinan pihak tertentu terhadap yang lain dalam mempertahankan suatu hubungan serta kesediaan perusahaan untuk bergantung pada mitra bisnis. Sedangkan service quality (kualitas pelayanan) merupakan suatu pemenuhan harapan kepada perusahaan terhadap suatu produk atau layanan yang diterima pelanggan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh service quality terhadap trust pada pelanggan Bengkel Dealer Daihatsu Cabang Maumere. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 60 dari populasi pelanggan yang berlangganan di Bengkel Dealer Daihatsu Cabang Maumere. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Skala yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah skala trust dan skala service quality yang disusun sendiri oleh peneliti. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kuantitatif asosiatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan dari service quality terhadap trust pada pelanggan Bengkel Dealer Daihatsu Cabang Maumere dengan taraf signifikansi (p) sebesar 0.000 < 0,05, artinya ada pengaruh positif service quality terhadap trust, pada hasil perhitungan koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,695 yang berarti bahwa kontribusi variabel service quality (X) terhadap trust (Y) pada pelanggan Bengkel Dealer Daihatsu Cabang Maumere sebesar 48.3%. Sedangkan sisanya sebesar 51.7% dijelaskan oleh variabel-variabel lain yang tidak diikut sertakan dalam model penelitian ini.
Trust adalah kepercayaan atau keyakinan pihak tertentu terhadap yang lain dalam mempertahankan suatu hubungan serta kesediaan perusahaan untuk bergantung pada mitra bisnis. Sedangkan service quality (kualitas pelayanan) merupakan suatu pemenuhan harapan kepada perusahaan terhadap suatu produk atau layanan yang diterima pelanggan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh service quality terhadap trust pada pelanggan Bengkel Dealer Daihatsu Cabang Maumere. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 60 dari populasi pelanggan yang berlangganan di Bengkel Dealer Daihatsu Cabang Maumere. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Skala yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah skala trust dan skala service quality yang disusun sendiri oleh peneliti. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kuantitatif asosiatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan dari service quality terhadap trust pada pelanggan Bengkel Dealer Daihatsu Cabang Maumere dengan taraf signifikansi (p) sebesar 0.000 < 0,05, artinya ada pengaruh positif service quality terhadap trust, pada hasil perhitungan koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,695 yang berarti bahwa kontribusi variabel service quality (X) terhadap trust (Y) pada pelanggan Bengkel Dealer Daihatsu Cabang Maumere sebesar 48.3%. Sedangkan sisanya sebesar 51.7% dijelaskan oleh variabel-variabel lain yang tidak diikut sertakan dalam model penelitian ini.
GAMBARAN TINGKAT STRES DAN COPING STRESS MAHASISWA DENGAN PEMBELAJARAN DARING 2020
Authors: Terendienta Pinem  , Kusnulia Rosita  
Published: December 2022

Pandemi Covid-19 yang diketahui mewabah di Indonesia sejak awal bulan Maret 2020 menyebabkan adanya perubahan dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan. Salah satunya ialah kebijakan sekolah dari rumah yang mengharuskan mahasiswa melakukan pembelajaran daring. Proses pembelajaran daring yang serempak seluruh Indonesia ini, nyatanya menjadi stressor baru bagi mahasiswa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat gambaran tingkat stress mahasiswa dan coping stress mahasiswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan melibatkan 110 orang mahasiswa yang dipilih menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan skala Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) yang dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif (frekuensi dan persentase) dan kuesioner pertanyaan terbuka untuk memperoleh gambaran coping stress mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa stress mahasiswa selama pembelajaran daring tergolong sedang, sementara mahasiswa cenderung melakukan coping stress adaptif untuk dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan selama perkuliahan daring.
The Covid-19 pandemic, which is known to be endemic in Indonesia since the beginning of March 2020, has caused changes in various aspects of life. One of them is the school policy from home that requires students to do online learning. The online learning process, which is simultaneous throughout Indonesia, has in fact become a new stressor for students. The purpose of this study was to see an overview of student stress levels and student stress coping. This research is a quantitative descriptive study involving 110 students who were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) which was analyzed using descriptive analysis (frequency and percentage) and an open-ended question questionnaire to obtain an overview of student coping stress. The results of this study indicate that student stress during online learning is moderate, while students tend to do adaptive stress coping to be able to solve problems during online lectures.
Peningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Pada Materi Aritmatika Sosial melaui Metode Pembelajaran Bermain Peran (Role Playing) Kelas 7.9 SMPN 3 Parungpanjang - Bogor
Authors: Yulianingsih Mursiyahtun 
Published: December 2022

Peningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Pada Materi Aritmatika Sosial Melaui Metode Pembelajaran Bermain Peran (Role Playing) Kelas 7.9 SMPN 3 Parungpanjang – Bogor. Dinas Pendidikan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Bogor, 2020. Latar belakang pemilihan judul ini adalah karena adanya kesulitan siswa dalam penyelesaiakan aritmatika sosial. Kebanyakan dari siswa sering mengalami kesulitan jika menemukan soal cerita yang menggunakan prinsip prosentase. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan hasil belajar siswa rendah. Rendahnya prestasi belajar siswa merupakan tanggung jawab aparat pendidikan khususnya guru.Oleh karena itu perlu pembenahan berbagai segi guna meningkatkan mutu khususnya bidang study matematika. Penelitian terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar tersebut sangat perlu dilakukan. Dalam pelaksanaannya dibutuhkan strategi dan metode yang tepat guna mencapai hasil sesuai yang diharapkan. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan metode bermain peran (role playing). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan metode bermain peran (role playing), yang dilaksanakn pada tanggal 13 Januari – 25 Februari 2020 di kelas 7.9 SMPN 3 Parungpanjang – Bogor. Pada pelaksanaan penelitian Ibu Tatik Irmawati, S.Kom sebagai kolaborator. Penelitian ini menggunkan metode Penelitian Tindakan yang dilakukan dalam 2 siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari 1) Perencanaan, 2) Pelaksanaan, 3) Observasi, 4) Refleksi. Data Kuantitatif diperoleh dari hasil kualitatif dari angket, wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar matematika pokok bahasan aritmatika sosial dengan metode bermain peran (role playing) yaitu pada siklus I hasil post test rata-rata 62,94, yang tuntas 37,15%. dan pada siklus II hasil post test rata-rata 75,81, yang tuntas 62,16%. Dari siklus I ke siklus II hasil belajar siswa meningkat 25,01%.
Las pinturas rupestres de Aldea Beleiro (SO de Chubut, Patagonia argentina). Nuevos avances y perspectivas
Authors: Gutiérrez Lucía Alejandra , Castro Esnal Analía , Falchi María Pía 
Published: December 2022

Este trabajo presenta los resultados obtenidos a partir del análisis de las representaciones rupestres de tres sitios del área de Aldea Beleiro (SO del Chubut): Casa de Piedra de Roselló, Cueva Alta del Portezuelo y Pedrero de Jara. A partir de una metodología que complementa el relevamiento de campo con un procesamiento digital exhaustivo de imágenes, se realiza la documentación y análisis de las propiedades visuales de esta línea de evidencia cuya conservación se encuentra actualmente comprometida debido a su alto estado de deterioro. Si bien se enfatizan cuestiones relacionadas con la dimensión visual, a partir de los resultados se delinean las primeras tendencias tecnológicas y tipológicas observadas para el área y se abren interrogantes relacionados con distintas escalas y problemáticas en la investigación del arte rupestre. Se concluye que la realización de esta tecnología habría sido de importancia en el entramado de actividades llevadas a cabo por las personas que habitaron este espacio a lo largo del Holoceno. Por último, se destaca la necesidad de este tipo de estudios en un área con pocos antecedentes acerca de esta materialidad, y se discute preliminarmente su relevancia para discusiones a escalas más amplias.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE COURSE REWIEW HORAY TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SDN 29.4 MAJANNANG
Authors: Syarini Syarini , AS Husain , Suarlin Suarlin 
Published: December 2022

Guru dikatakan berhasil dalam mendidik siswa apabila motivasi dan hasil belajar diperoleh dengan optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengatahuai pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe course review horay terhadapat motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa pada muatan pembelajaran IPS Kelas IV SDN 29.4 Majannang. Motode yang peneliti gunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan eksperimen. Sampel penelitian mengunakan teknik rondom sampling sehingga terdapat dua kelas terpilih yakni kelas eksperimen dan kelas control. Teknik pengumpulan datang yang digunakan adalah tes, angket, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis kuantitatif berupa uji persyarat dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian melaporkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe course review horay terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa, yang ditandai dengan perolehan nilai traf signifikansi 0,00 0,05. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe course review horay harus diperdayakan di sekolah dengan baik karena memiliki pengaruh terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa.
Dijitalleşmenin Turizm Sektörüne Yansımaları ve Bölgesel Kalkınmaya Etkisi
Authors: MUGAN ERTUĞRAL Suna , KURAN İhsan , TEKELİ H.neyir 
Published: December 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışma, turizm sektöründe dijitalleşmenin önemini bölgesel kalkınma açısından değerlendirerek literatüre katkı sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntem: Bu makale, dijitalleşmenin tarihsel sürecinde ekonomik ve toplumsal yaşama etkisinin turizm sektörünün gelişimi açısından bir değerlendirmesidir. Çalışma konusu olan turizm sektöründe dijitalleşmenin önemi literatür ve gözlem yoluyla yapılan bir değerlendirilme olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Dijitalleşme bölgelerin turizm potansiyelinden faydalanarak kalkındırılmasında önemli bir faktör olarak kullanılabilir.
Tartışma: Günümüzde hızlanan teknolojik ilerlemelerin ışığında turizm sektörü de modern teknikten etkilenmiştir. Turizm, dijital dönüşümden karlılık, rekabet gücü, yenilikçi fikirler ve sürdürülebilirlik konularında olumlu gelişme göstermiş ve dijitalleşmeyle büyümüştür. Teknolojik gelişme coğrafi sınırları kaldırmış böylece az gelişmiş bir bölgenin de sınırlı imkânlarla dünyaya açılmasına fırsat tanımıştır. Teknolojinin turizm sektöründe daha yoğun kullanımı bölgesel/yerel kalkınma sürecinde az gelişmiş bölgelerin sahip olduğu bazı dezavantajların üstesinden gelerek gelişmeleri için bir katalizör işlevi görebilme olanağını sağlayacaktır. Bu kapsamda turizm işletmelerinin dijitalleşmenin sağladığı kolaylıklar ile önemli faydalar sağlaması işletmelerin sürdürülebilir ve marka işletmeler olmaları bakımından önemli kazanımlardır. Ayrıca müşterilerin turizm işletmelerinden beklentilerinin teknolojideki gelişmelerle birlikte artması turistik ürünün çeşitlenmesi bakımından önemlidir. Bu sebeple turizm işletmelerine olan talep süreklilik arz edecektir. Çalışma kapsamında dijitalleşmenin tarihsel sürecinde ekonomik ve toplumsal yaşamın gelişimini kısaca incelenmiştir. Ana çalışma konusu olarak turizm sektöründe dijitalleşmenin öneminin değerlendirilmesine yer verişmiştir. Özellikle kalkınmaya olan etkileri bakımından yenilikçi fikirlerin uygulanması dijitalleşmenin bir sonucu olarak önemlilik arz etmektedir.
Takipteki Krediler ve Makro Finansal Bağlantılar: Türkiye İçin Bir SVAR Modeli
Authors: VARLIK Cemil 
Published: December 2022

Özet
Bu makalede Türkiye ekonomisinin 2003:Q1-2019:Q4 dönemine ait verileri kullanılarak, takipteki krediler oranı (TKO) ile makroekonomik değişkenler arasındaki dinamik ilişki yapısal vektör otoregresif model yardımıyla incelenmektedir. Etki tepki analizinin bulgularına göre, kredi büyümesindeki ve reel GSYH büyümesindeki artışlar, TKO artışını yavaşlatırken; kredi faiz oranındaki artış, TKO artışını hızlandırmaktadır. Takipteki krediler oranındaki artış ise, kredi büyümesi ve ekonomik büyüme üzerinde negatif geri besleme etkisi yaratmaktadır. Ayrıca GSYH büyümesindeki artış, kredi büyümesini artırırken; kredi büyümesindeki artış da, GSYH büyümesini yükseltmektedir. Diğer taraftan kredi faiz oranındaki artış, hem kredi büyümesini hem de GSYH büyümesini anlamlı biçimde azaltmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, kredi büyümesi ve ekonomik büyüme şokları birbirini pozitif yönde beslerken; pozitif kredi faiz oranı şoku, hem kredi büyümesini hem de ekonomik büyümeyi negatif yönde etkilemektedir. Bu bulgular, güçlü makro finansal bağlantılara işaret etmektedir. İlave olarak aktif fiyatlarını içeren modellerde; nominal Dolar/TL kurundaki artışa TKO’nun, enflasyon oranının ve kredi faizi oranının pozitif, kredilerin ise negatif tepki verdiği ispatlanmaktadır. Ayrıca reel BİST100 getirisindeki artışa TKO’nun ve kredi faiz oranının negatif, kredi büyümesinin ve ekonomik büyümenin pozitif tepki verdikleri kanıtlanmaktadır. Üstelik kredilerdeki düşüşün nominal dolar/TL kuru üzerinde; faiz oranındaki düşüşün de, reel BİST100 getirisi üzerinde pozitif etki yarattığı gösterilmektedir. Bu sonuçlar, makro finansal bağlantıların ortaya çıkışında aktif fiyatlarındaki hareketlerin önemli rolü olduğunu göstermektedir.
Chine / États-Unis : éviter le conflit
Authors: Fernandez Justine 
Published: December 2022

À peine un mois après l’invasion de l’Ukraine par la Russie, actant le retour de la guerre en Europe et le durcissement des relations internationales, l’ancien Premier ministre australien Kevin Rudd publiait un ouvrage consacré à la relation tendue entre les deux géants mondiaux que sont la Chine et les États-Unis. Intitulé The Avoidable War , « la guerre qui peut être évitée », cet ouvrage trouve un écho tout particulier dans le nouveau contexte que l’on connaît. La Russie, dirigée par un autocrate à l’ ego surdimensionné et mû par des ambitions nationalistes que l’on pensait d’un autre temps, a repris les armes pour imposer sa vision de l’ordre régional. Pourrait-elle inciter cet autre autocrate qu’est le président chinois Xi Jinping, dont le pouvoir absolu a été consacré cet automne par sa reconduction à la tête du parti communiste qui dirige le pays, à affirmer ses prétentions internationales de manière plus offensive ? Comment éviter que les tensions entre Pékin et Washington (portant sur des enjeux tant économiques que géopolitiques via Taiwan notamment) ne dégénèrent en un conflit ouvert aux conséquences désastreuses pour le monde entier ? Cette question est au cœur de ce dernier ouvrage de Kevin Rudd, dont Justine Fernandez présente ici les grandes lignes et les différents scénarios d’évolution de la relation Chine / États-Unis dessinés par l’auteur. S.D.
TiN hard coating as a candidate reference material for surface metrology in chemistry: characterization and quantification by bulk and surface analyses techniques
Authors: Juárez-García José Manuel , Morales-Hernández Jorge , Gutiérrez-Peralta Aime , Cruz-Valeriano Edgar , Ramírez-Bon Rafael , Yañez Limón José M. 
Published: December 2022

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of TiN hard coatings as a candidate reference material for surface metrology in chemistry. TiN coatings were grown on a silicon wafer with (111) orientation using dc reactive magnetron sputtering. X-ray diffraction confirms that the diffraction phase of TiN coatings is polycrystalline, electron microscopy demonstrates that the TiN coatings presents pyramidal-shaped grains ranging from sub-micrometer to nano-size scale and with an average thickness of 666 nm. According to micro Raman results, the presence of LO phonon modes confirms that the TiN coatings are crystalline in nature and no impurities are detected. The mechanical properties at the nanoscale are evaluated using resonance tracking acoustic force atomic microscopy. The chemical composition of the TiN reveals a close 1:1 atomic ratio. The ANOVA is used to evaluate the homogeneity of the TiN via a homogeneity test according to the ISO Guide 35:2017, while, regarding the chemical composition of the Ti, the Fisher’s test demonstrates that the batch can be considered as homogeneous.
Book review on the Mr Oswal's autobiography <em>Globe Trotting and 62 Years of ENT</em>
Authors: Ohshiro Toshio 
Published: December 2022

As Vasant Oswal's professional colleague and friend, it gives me immense pleasure to review Vasant's biography, published and launched in Edinburgh in the U.K. in May 2022 at the Annual British Medical Association conference.
I met Vasant at the annual meeting of the Form (Preparatory Committee) of the World Federation of Societies in Laser Medicine and Surgery (WFSLMS). I was elected Secretary-General and Vasant, Honorary Treasurer. Subsequently, our encounters went on for many years at the various international laser medical, dental, and veterinary conferences in different parts of the world. [...]
The clinical significance of serum complement component 1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 and complement component 1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9 levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Yuan , Jia Xiaoxia , Ke Jing , Zhang Baoyu , Wang Yan 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
The objective of this study was to assess the expression of serum complement component 1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 (CTRP3) and CTRP9 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and further explore their correlation with disease activity and the predictive value of RA.

Methods:
RA group (n = 60) and healthy group (n = 60) were enrolled in Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University. We collected the clinical data, including the basic information, laboratory parameters as well as the Disease Activity Score using 28 joint counts (DAS28) scores, and measured the expression of serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 in two groups by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To analyze the correlation between serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 and RA. We explored the predictive value of the serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 for RA.

Results:
Compared to the healthy group, the expression of serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 was higher in the RA group (P < 0.05). Except rheumatoid factor (serum CTRP9: r = −0.310, P = 0.018), and immunoglobulin (serum CTRP9: r = 0.338, P = 0.010), platelet, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, DAS28, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, etc., of RA patients were not related to the levels of serum CTRP3 and CTRP9. The best cutoff value of serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 was 31.66 and 34.39 ng/ml, respectively. In terms of sensitivity, negative predictive value, and accuracy, compared with single detection of serum CTRP3 or CTRP9, combined detection has more predictive value for RA.

Conclusion:
CTRP3 and CTRP9 may become two candidate biomarkers for RA. The serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 may have certain predictive values for RA.
Compliance rate of anti-rabies vaccination in patients presenting with an animal bite
Authors: Pal Rathijit , Vegiraju Vaishnavi , Hazra Darpanarayan , Nekkanti Ankita Chowdary , Abhilash Kundavaram Paul Prabhakar 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
To prevent rabies in animal bite victims, complete postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) with an anti-rabies vaccination (ARV) is essential. This study was done to determine the compliance rate of ARV in patients with animal bites who presented to the emergency department (ED) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective observational study done on patients presenting to the ED with a history of animal bites over 1 year (May 2020–June 2021). Categorical variables were presented as percentages, and quantitative variables were summarized using mean and standard deviation (SD).

Results:
A total of 122 animal bite (World Health Organization [WHO] Category II and III) victims presented to the ED during the study. The mean age of the cohort was 38.12 (SD: 16.4) years with a male (n = 67: 54.9%) preponderance. Based on the physiological stability, a majority were triaged as priority III (n = 119; 97.5%). Most patients presented with dog bites (n = 88; 72.1%), followed by cat (n = 14; 11.5%) and rat bites (n = 13; 10.7%). Two-thirds were unprovoked (n = 82; 67.2%) and were caused by stray animals (n = 62; 50.8%). More than half (n = 65; 53.3%) of the bites were WHO Category III bites. All Category II and III patients had received the first dose of ARV at our center and category III patients received immunoglobulin local injection as well. Noncompliance to ARV was seen in almost a quarter (n = 32; 26.2%) of patients of which forgotten dates (n = 11; 34.4%) were the most common cause. There was no significant statistical variable to determine the cause of noncompliance.

Conclusion:
Unprovoked bites by stray dogs were the cause of a majority of the animal bites. Compliance with PEP remains low at two-thirds of the total. The most common cause of noncompliance to ARV was due to forgotten dates.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article:
Medical knowledge, Systems-based practice, Practice-based learning and improvement.
Evaluation of the Consequences of Menopause on Women with Respect to Salivary Flow Rate, Gustatory Function, and pH
Authors: Agrawal Anshu , Chaudhary Minal S , Hande Alka Harish 
Published: December 2022

Context:
Saliva is considered a predictive gateway to the body. Alterations in salivary secretion can be assessed quantitatively and/or qualitatively. Thus, estimation of salivary components may give insight to the general health of an individual and be considered the mirror of the body's health. The health needs of women vary mainly due to hormonal fluctuations occurring throughout the woman's life. Hence, the “menstruation cycle and menopause” may affect the metabolism of periodontal tissue including swollen salivary glands, bright red swollen gums, or bleeding gums or might cause alterations in the flow rate of saliva, its pH, as well as taste function. Due to menopause, there are unique hormonal changes in women and they are more receptive to salivary alterations, such as sensitivity to hot and cold food, altered taste, burning sensation, and reduced flow rate of saliva that lead to xerostomia and atrophic gingivitis also.

Aim:
This research project is designed for the evaluation of “salivary flow rate,” gustatory perception, and “pH” of resting saliva in premenopausal, menopausal, and postmenopausal women.

Subjects and Methods:
The evaluation of salivary flow rate, gustatory perception, and salivary pH was carried out in a total of 105 women, each 35 from, the premenopausal, menopausal, and postmenopausal categories.

Results:
The present study observed significant alterations of reduced salivary flow rate, reduced sweet intensity, and pH in postmenopausal women than the menstruating women.

Conclusion:
Menopause is followed by a variety of alterations, few of which occur in the mouth. The use of salivary flow rate, gustatory perception, and pH is helpful to identify the risks linked with menopause.