bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individualized Activity-Based Interventions for People with Dementia and Informal Caregivers
Authors: Samuel Preethy S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the effectiveness of a tailored activity program (TAP) for people with dementia and their informal caregivers. TAP is a short-term, individualized, activity-based intervention to ameliorate the impact of neuropsychiatric challenges of people with dementia and to reduce caregiver burden. The main treatment effects of this 4-month, home-based intervention for caregiver–care recipient dyads are discussed. The randomized controlled trial revealed a beneficial impact for people with dementia including decreased frequency of behavioral problems and greater engagement in activities. Treatment group caregivers demonstrated increased skill in engaging care recipients in graded activities and documented reduced objective burden (i.e., 1-hour less time spent doing things to help care recipients and 5-hour decrease of “on-duty” hours). These benefits are clinically significant because they have potential to prevent or delay out-of-home placement of people with dementia.
An Occupational Therapy–Led Self-Management Program to Support People with Multiple Chronic Conditions (MCCs) in Primary Care
Authors: Pyatak Elizabeth A. , Lee Elissa S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the OPTIMAL study, a randomized controlled trial of an occupational therapy–led community-based program for adults with multiple chronic conditions referred to the program from a network of primary care clinics. Participants in the OPTIMAL program, compared to those in a wait-list control condition, had improved activity participation, self-efficacy, and quality of life. The OPTIMAL study adds to the literature demonstrating that occupational therapy is effective in improving function and quality of life among individuals with chronic conditions. The chapter summarizes the study methodology and findings, reviews related literature, and provides an illustrative case example relating the findings of the OPTIMAL study to occupational therapy practice.
Occupational Therapy–Led, Educational–Behavioral Program Improves Long-Term Behavioral, Physical, and Functional Outcomes for Adults with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Carandang Kristine 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Hammond and Freeman report on the 4-year outcomes of a randomized controlled trial focused on joint protection education for adults with rheumatoid arthritis. The intervention, an occupational therapist–led joint protection program that utilized an educational–behavioral approach drawn from principles of health behavior, social and motor learning, and self-efficacy, was found superior in improving behavioral, physical, and functional outcomes when compared to a multidisciplinary standard education program. This study also demonstrates the effectiveness of joint protection to aid in maintaining or slowing down disease-related symptoms and disability. As such, the program has been widely disseminated in the United Kingdom and its educational–behavioral approach applied to other areas of rheumatology-related self-management. Hammond and Freeman discuss clinical considerations when determining the appropriate modality of self-management education at various phases of clients’ disease-related coping and willingness to change.
Injury Prevention through Ergonomic Assessment, Education, and Intervention
Authors: Fukumura Yoko E. , Roll Shawn C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Occupational therapists apply a holistic and transactional approach that differentiates them from other professionals who provide injury prevention services. The study reviewed in this chapter provides one example of how occupational therapists can provide an ergonomics intervention to promote healthy habits and postures, even in non-work settings. Specifically, the study by Feingold and Jacobs describes how a 30-minute ergonomics education session tailored to middle school children resulted in a change in backpack-wearing habits and reports of discomfort. This study is related to a national campaign led by occupational therapists for backpack safety awareness that includes an annual backpack awareness day at the start of each school year in the fall. Additional studies are noted that provide support for occupational therapy’s role in promoting healthy behaviors and reducing occupational and work-related injuries both within the profession and in other areas through ergonomic assessments, education, intervention, and product design.
Impacts of Environmental and Person-Fit Factors on Work Satisfaction and Performance in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Authors: Persch Andrew C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews an article, “Impacts of Environmental and Person-Fit Factors on Work Satisfaction and Performance in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders,” which provides evidence supporting the socioecological and biopsychosocial models of disability underlying occupational therapy’s person–environment–occupation model. Specifically, the author identifies environmental factors (i.e., social, attitudinal, sensory/physical) and person factors (i.e., job characteristics, skills and passions, autism spectrum symptoms) that may support or hinder work satisfaction and performance for individuals with autism spectrum disorders. The challenges that working adults with autism face in these areas are opportunities for occupational therapy practitioners. This study provides detailed considerations within each of the six factors that can support interventions for skill development, recommendations for workplace accommodation, or universal environmental modifications to promote effective occupational engagement in work and workplaces for adults with autism.
Effects of Occupational Therapy for Persons with Stroke on Restoration of Roles, Tasks, and Activities and on Remediation of Impairments
Authors: Chu Allison 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter highlights the results of a two-part meta-analysis that was completed to examine the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions on activity and task performance, role restoration, and the remediation of bodily impairment functions for persons who have had a stroke. The first part of the meta-analysis synthesizes the research findings regarding the impact of occupational therapy interventions on client participation in life roles, basic activities of daily living, and instrumental activities of daily living. The second part of the meta-analysis synthesizes the research findings regarding the impact of occupational therapy interventions on the remediation of psychosocial, cognitive-perceptual, and sensorimotor impairments experienced by persons with stroke. It was concluded that occupational therapy improves client participation in activities after a stroke and facilitates improved cognitive-perceptual skills and motor coordination when specific task practice in client-identified activities and feedback are provided. It was determined that additional research is needed in these areas to verify these findings and provide further guidance for clinical practice.
Why Occupation Matters for Survivors of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Authors: Rafeedie Samia H. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This systematic review highlights the effectiveness of activity- and occupation-based interventions utilized with people recovering from traumatic brain injury (TBI), to improve participation in daily activities and social participation. Five themes emerged from the synthesis of 19 studies: the use of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary intervention approaches, community-based rehabilitation programs, client-centered goals and relevant contexts, interventions including social skills training and peer mentoring, and community mobility interventions. There was moderate evidence that multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches, community-based rehabilitation programs, and a focus on client-centered goals delivered in a relevant context by an occupational therapist could improve occupational performance following TBI. Limited evidence was found for the best approach to improving social skills and community mobility. The specific contribution of occupational therapy intervention for this patient population has not been well studied, and additional research is needed to determine the nature and extent of occupational therapy intervention for individual patients.
Models of Supervisor and Student Development
Authors: Veach Patricia McCarthy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter describes models of supervisor and student development, identifies characteristics associated with novice versus more advanced supervisors and students, and highlights developmental challenges and issues that are similar for both novice and more advanced supervisors and students. It discusses interventions for promoting supervisor and student development and includes specific recommendations for novice versus advanced supervisors. This chapter also identifies characteristics and behaviors indicating student readiness for providing genetic counseling services independently and suggests strategies for facilitating student transition to counseling independently. The chapter includes experiential learning activities that encourage self-reflection and allow the reader to practice using developmentally based interventions.
Ethics and Professionalism in Supervision
Authors: Veach Patricia McCarthy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter describes supervisor responsibilities regarding ethical and professional supervision and identifies common ethical and professional issues in genetic counseling supervision. It presents empirically derived genetic counselor supervisor competencies pertaining to professional conduct and supervision boundaries. The chapter also presents strategies to promote ethical and professional practice in the supervisory relationship, including supervision agreements, modeling, management of multiple relationships with students with respect to boundary crossings and violations, and supervisor participation in consultations/supervision with colleagues. Learning activities presented in the chapter promote self-reflection about ethical and professional conduct in supervision and provide opportunities to practice addressing ethical issues with students.
Promoting Student Wellness
Authors: Veach Patricia McCarthy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter defines wellness, identifies self-care as a component of wellness, and discusses the role of supervision in promoting student wellness. It discusses the importance of wellness for professional functioning. It describes common stressors in genetic counseling practice (e.g., emotional intensity of the work) and in supervision (e.g., counseling with a supervisor present during the session), and it identifies characteristics of resilient practitioners. This chapter also reviews strategies that individual supervisors and genetic counseling programs can consider using to provide support and guidance to students around stress and distress and to promote student wellness and self-care. The strategies include a variety of cognitive, affective, and behavioral actions. Learning activities encourage reflection about the importance of wellness and provide practice addressing wellness in supervision.
Supervision Delivery Methods
Authors: Wusik Katie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter describes supervision delivery methods relevant to genetic counseling practice—live, self-report, remote, standardized patient, and peer supervision. It reviews advantages and challenges of each method, and it demonstrates application of delivery methods to various genetic counseling supervision situations. Live supervision is identified as the most common supervision delivery method in genetic counseling. Supervisors are encouraged to use a range of supervision delivery methods to meet each student’s evolving developmental and professional needs. Experiential activities provided in the chapter encourage reflection on the benefits and challenges of each supervision method and provide practice in mitigating some of the challenges.
Prevention of Disabling and Fatal Strokes by Successful Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients Without Recent Neurologic Symptoms
Authors: Al Shakarchi Julien 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in vascular surgery assessing whether carotid endarterectomy improved outcomes compared to medical management in patients who had asymptomatic carotid artery disease. The ACST-1 randomized controlled trial demonstrated that surgery reduced the 10-year stroke risk in patients under the age of 75. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, inclusion and exclusion criteria, how many patients were recruited, study design, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis for the Management of Paget–Schroetter Syndrome
Authors: Al Shakarchi Julien 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in vascular surgery reporting on the management of patients with Paget–Schroetter syndrome. The systematic review and meta-analysis described in this chapter demonstrated higher rates of thrombus and symptom resolution with thrombolysis, followed by first rib resection, in patients with Paget–Schroetter syndrome. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, inclusion and exclusion criteria for the reviewed studies, how many patients were recruited, study design, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
Autologous Saphenous Vein and Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Grafts in Infra-inguinal Arterial Reconstructions
Authors: Al Shakarchi Julien 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in vascular surgery assessing whether autologous vein conduit improved outcomes compared to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) conduit for patients undergoing infra-inguinal bypass. This prospective, multicenter, randomized study demonstrated that patency was improved with a vein conduit compared with PTFE, especially in below-the-knee outflow targets. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, inclusion and exclusion criteria, how many patients were recruited, study design, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
Long-Term Outcome After Additional Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis Versus Standard Treatment for Acute Iliofemoral Deep Vein Thrombosis (the CaVenT Study)
Authors: Al Shakarchi Julien 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in vascular surgery assessing whether additional catheter-directed thrombolysis reduced the risk of post-thrombotic syndrome in patients with acute proximal deep vein thrombosis. The CaVenT study, a randomized controlled trial, demonstrated that additional catheter-directed thrombolysis had a persistent and increased clinical benefit in this population. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, inclusion and exclusion criteria, how many patients were recruited, study design, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
Comparison of Endovenous Ablation Techniques, Foam Sclerotherapy, and Surgical Stripping for Great Saphenous Varicose Veins
Authors: Al Shakarchi Julien 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in vascular surgery comparing the outcomes of foam sclerotherapy, radiofrequency, laser, and surgical treatment of primary varicose veins. The trial demonstrated a higher rate of recanalization of the great saphenous vein after ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy and no difference in the technical efficacy between the other modalities. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, inclusion and exclusion criteria, how many patients were recruited, study design, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
A Multicenter Trial of Vena Cava Filters in Severely Injured Patients
Authors: Al Shakarchi Julien 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in vascular surgery assessing whether early placement of an inferior vena cava filter reduces the risk of pulmonary embolism or death in severely injured patients. The trial demonstrated that early prophylactic placement of a vena cava filter after major trauma did not result in a lower incidence of symptomatic pulmonary embolism or death at 90 days. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, inclusion and exclusion criteria, how many patients were recruited, study design, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
Muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Conroy Samantha , Catto James W.F. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Around one-quarter of bladder cancers are muscle invasive (MIBC). These cancers have a poor prognosis; hence, prompt and accurate diagnoses are needed to maximize curative outcomes. MIBCs are best managed within multidisciplinary teams. Many patients have pre-existing comorbidities and need counselling regarding systemic chemotherapy, radical surgery (with reconstructive choices), or radiotherapy. Despite treatment, metastatic disease develops in up to half of all patients and so palliative support is also needed. Through the presentation of this difficult case—MIBC in a gentleman with a solitary kidney—some of the challenges faced in managing MIBC are explored.
Metastatic testicular cancer: post-chemotherapy residual mass and cancer survivorship
Authors: MacAskill Findlay , Fernando Archie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Through this case of a young man with metastatic testicular cancer, a systematic approach to the evaluation and prognostication of such cases is presented. The case explores the contemporary challenges facing the treatment of metastatic testicular cancer with particular attention to the management of residual masses following chemotherapy; and also highlights the importance of focusing on survivorship at every stage to ensure that the patient’s well-being is optimized while still delivering excellent oncological outcomes. The learning points, clinical tips, and expert comments are designed to provide a comprehensive evidence base for treatment decisions. Furthermore, the case looks at future directions in testis cancer including novel prognostic markers such as microRNA-371a-3p (so-called M371 test); minimally invasive and modified template retroperitoneal lymph node dissection; fertility assessment and preservation; and methods of reducing the physical and psychological morbidity of treatments in order to safeguard the quality of life of these patients.
Urethral stricture disease
Authors: Krishnan Jamie V. , Osman Nadir I. , Chapple Christopher R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This case discusses the typical presentation, evaluation, and management options offered to male patients with urethral strictures. It uses three case-based scenarios to highlight some potential outcomes and some key differences in the approach and decision-making processes. It reviews the anatomy of the urethra and the pathophysiology of stricture disease and how its management has evolved over the years. It also discusses prognosis and rates of success of intervention.
Management of ketamine-induced bilateral upper urinary tract injury
Authors: Rizvi Ishtiakul G. , Belal Mohammed 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Upper urinary tract injury due to chronic ketamine abuse is a complex clinical entity. However it is an emerging and challenging medical condition that requires multidisciplinary approach to manage the patient and simple surgical intervention sometime become suboptimal. The importance of abstinence from drug, regular follow up, compliance of the patient, necessity of multiple surgical interventions should be stressed to the patient. This case presents the outcome of ketamine-induced bilateral upper urinary tract injury managed by innovative surgical intervention. A young male patient underwent continuous iso-peristaltic ileal segment anastomosis from the left renal pelvis to the right renal pelvis and to his previous ileal chimney (roux-en-Y configuration).
Characterizing Relationships Among the Cognitive, Physical, Social-emotional, and Health-related Traits of Military Personnel
Authors: Giles Grace E , Navarro Ester , Elkin-Frankston Seth , Brunyé Tad T , Elmore Wade R , Seay Joseph F , McKenzie Kari L , O’Fallon Kevin S , Brown Stephanie A , Parham Joseph L , Garlie Todd N , DeSimone Linda , Villa Jose D , Choi-Rokas Hyegjoo E , Mitchell K Blake , Racicot Kenneth , Soares Jason W , Caruso Christina , Anderson Debra , Cantelon Julie A , Gardony Aaron L , Smith Tracey J , Karl J Philip , Jayne Julianna M , Christopher John J , Talarico Maria K , Sperlein Jennifer Neugebauer , Boynton Angela C , Jensen Andrew , Ramsay John W , Eddy Marianna D 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Personnel engaged in high-stakes occupations, such as military personnel, law enforcement, and emergency first responders, must sustain performance through a range of environmental stressors. To maximize the effectiveness of military personnel, an a priori understanding of traits can help predict their physical and cognitive performance under stress and adversity. This work developed and assessed a suite of measures that have the potential to predict performance during operational scenarios. These measures were designed to characterize four specific trait–based domains: cognitive, health, physical, and social-emotional.

Materials and Methods
One hundred and ninety-one active duty U.S. Army soldiers completed interleaved questionnaire–based, seated task–based, and physical task–based measures over a period of 3-5 days. Redundancy analysis, dimensionality reduction, and network analyses revealed several patterns of interest.

Results
First, unique variable analysis revealed a minimally redundant battery of instruments. Second, principal component analysis showed that metrics tended to cluster together in three to five components within each domain. Finally, analyses of cross-domain associations using network analysis illustrated that cognitive, health, physical, and social-emotional domains showed strong construct solidarity.

Conclusions
The present battery of metrics presents a fieldable toolkit that may be used to predict operational performance that can be clustered into separate components or used independently. It will aid predictive algorithm development aimed to identify critical predictors of individual military personnel and small-unit performance outcomes.