bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing a Whirling Arm for Water Droplet Erosion Testing Apparatus
Authors: Behlmann Julia , Anderson Keldon , Karimi Soroor 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Erosion on wind turbine blades due to falling water droplets cannot be quantitatively measured with modern methods of analysis. Initially, erosion caused by water droplets was ignored in wind turbine designs because the rotational speed did not reach the erosion threshold; with larger blades rotating at faster speeds, water droplet erosion generates concern in lowering the wind turbine’s overall efficiency, so the need for quantitative data is prevalent. In order to obtain this data, an experimental facility is being developed at the University of Tulsa. This facility allows for investigation into the phenomenon of water droplet erosion by allowing multiple parameters to be tested. Thus, a model can be developed to predict the erosion resistance of wind turbine blade materials under different conditions. An important part of this facility is the whirling arm apparatus which simulates the movement of wind turbine blades and is capable of reaching tip velocities up to 100 m/s. This paper considers different aspects of designing and developing the whirling arm, including the durability, corrosion resistance, and properties of the material, dynamic movement of the arm, beam deflection, vibration and resonance of the beam, and force of the water droplets. It is especially important to study the effect of water droplet impacts on the natural vibrations occurring within the system in multiple planes. The rotational motion of the apparatus causes the arm to deflect proportional to the moment generated by the motor, and the water droplets apply additional force in the same plane as the deflection. To explore the mode shapes of the system, computer simulations are being used to determine the theoretical range of speeds for operation. This range will then be tested with shakers installed along the arm of the apparatus to determine the mode shapes experimentally from the theoretical predictions. Through exploring the vibrations of the system both when water droplets are exciting the system and when they are not, the operating speeds of the apparatus to avoid resonance will be determined. Resonance occurs when the natural frequency of the system is reached, and a large amplitude is produced, making the system unstable. Exploring the mode shapes of this system determines if counterweights are needed to oppose the weight of the arm and coupon. Though, the effect of the counterweights on the drag force and the possible reduction of the arm speed should be considered as well. These considerations ensure the designed apparatus accurately and safely measures erosion on wind turbine blade material induced by water droplets.
Parametric Study of Viscoelastic Flow Simulations in Microfluidic Devices
Authors: Xue Guanyang , Caspar Justin , Asiri Jaber , Cheng Xuanhong , Oztekin Alparslan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The open-source C++ toolbox OpenFOAM is used to perform the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations in two-dimensional microfluidic devices to characterize the viscoelastic flow. The Oldroyd-B constitutive equation is coupled with continuity and momentum equations. Multiple stabilization methods are applied to the numerical simulation to simulate High Weissenberg Number Problem (HWNP) in the microchannel. We applied the Log Conformation Reformulation (LCR) method to guarantee the positive definiteness of the stress tensor. The CUBISTA scheme and the improved Both Side Diffusion (iBSD) method are applied to predict the flow behavior at high elasticity regions without numerical oscillations. Various microstructures, including circles and flat plates, are placed in the center of the channel as the confinement. Our previous work demonstrated that the polyhedral mesh with hexahedral inflation layers effectively meshes complex microstructures in microchannels. A viscoelastic fluid is injected from the inlet at varying flow rates, corresponding to the local Weissenberg number up to 25. A parametric study is conducted on the first normal stress difference (N1) in specific regions with an accurate prediction of the viscoelastic flow field near the microstructures.
The Dynamic and Control of a Robotic Platform for a Low-Cost Flight Simulator
Authors: Ji Xiaoxu , Alshaeri Ruba , Piovesan Davide , Conley Kaden 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Robotic platforms have been prevalently used as a flight simulator in the commercial airlines and military aviation for pilot training to ensure that the flight crew members familiarize with the standard operating procedures. An ideal flight simulator can provide motions as they occur in the real airplane. However, it is difficult to provide an optimal simulation because of the interaction between the translational and rotational motions. Accordingly, in this study a low-cost Stewart platform is used to simulate different weather conditions via considering multiple variables, such as the frequency and amplitude of external perturbations. Its accuracy of acceleration will be evaluated. Once the result is validated, this affordable robotic platform can be widely applied in different types of simulators to achieve optimal stimulation.
Investigating the Tribological Aspects of Tool Wear Mechanism and Tool Life in Sustainable Lubri-Cooling Face Milling Process of Particle Reinforced SiCp/Al Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Laghari Rashid Ali , Mekid Samir , Akhtar Syed Sohail , Laghari Asif Ali , Jamil Muhammad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the face milling experiments were performed to investigate the cutting process of SiCp/Al (SiCp 65%) volume percentage and their effect on tool life and tool wear mechanism. The study was performed based on different cutting parameters (cutting speed vc, feed per tooth fz, and axial depth of cut ap, 1mm, and width of cut ae 8mm,) and cutting environments adopted as Dry MQL and CO2 Snow to analyze the effect of lubri-cooling machining process using polycrystalline diamond (PCD) cutting tools. A total of 18 experiments were performed during milling of SiCp/Al (65%) with each experimental run involved the 321 mm3 of the volume of material removal. The study found that lubrication and cooling can effectively reduce the tool wear and improve the tool life up to 29% for SiCp65% on moderate cutting parameters. The major wear mechanisms of PCD cutting tools are perceived as abrasive wear and adhesive wear mechanisms, which develop the flank wear and build-up-edge formations. Seemingly, a sub-zero cooling environment and dry cutting are found convenient to produce a build-up edge on the rake face of the cutting tool while MQL-assisted machining provides the benefit to prevent the cutting tool from material adhesion.
Design and Numerical Analysis of Locally-Resonant Meta-Lattice Structure for Vibration Attenuation
Authors: Güngör Utku , Kurt Ahmet Arda , Lale Mert , Acar Furkan , Görgülüarslan Recep Muhammet , Ünver Hakkı Özgür 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Meta-materials are artificial materials that perform superior properties in addition to natural behavior. Regardless of their chemical properties, metamaterials show high performance due to their geometric orientation. There are mechanical metamaterials that are used in vibration and acoustic fields, the main subject of which is wave transmission. The propagation of mechanical waves, which can cause problems such as structural damage, fatigue, poor performance, and discomfort in the industry, can be prevented or reduced by using meta-materials. Mechanical waves of various frequencies can be reduced or eliminated by locally resonant metamaterials obtained by adding various masses to viscoelastic materials. Metamaterials can be designed by modifying various lattice structures. Higher performance metamaterials are designed in this study by modifying the lattice structures used in the literature for vibration isolation. Finite element analyzes are carried out to show the transmissibility performance of the designed meta-lattice structures.
Revealing the Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability Within Gas Dynamic Detonations
Authors: Gao Yang , Feng Dehua , Ferguson Frederick 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis are widely used in modern risk assessment procedure in order to understand detonations during a given situation or an accident. Combustion regimes including deflagration, detonation transition and detonation are extremely important. Hydrodynamic instabilities during detonation make it even harder to simulated. Numerous lingering numerical challenges still exists in the areas of simulating gas detonation flows. Among these challenges is the inability of many high order numerical schemes to simulated gas denotation and wave propagation without getting into regions of negative density or negative pressure. Many existing high order schemes, which may have proven record of accomplishment in terms of their accuracies and efficiencies in handling complex flow fields, will often times facilitate the development of negative density or negative pressure in their efforts to simulate the physics associated with the time evolution of gas detonation flow fields. This effort describes the application of a positivity-preserving density and pressure scheme, named the Integro-Differential scheme (IDS), to the detonation gas dynamic problem. Among the problems of interest to this study are the 1-D shock tube problem, 2-D explosion problem and implosion detonations problems. The purpose of solve 1-D problem is to prove IDS has acceptable numerical stability and less dissipation as a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) scheme. Of particular interest to this paper is the implosion detonations problem. The implosion problem was analyzed on a square domain of dimension: 0 &lt;= x &lt;= 0.3; 0 &lt;= y &lt;= 0.3, with reflecting walls, and with zero initial velocities. The results indicated that the IDS was able to successfully capture the flow physics within the implosion problem. And the wall pressure and temperature data from the 2-D unsteady result and use extract line way to analysis.
Transactional Analysis Training for Improving Engineering Graduate Students’ Abilities to Understand Different Personalities
Authors: Tyagi Pawan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Aspiring graduate students in science and technology generally lack formal training in understanding human behavior and traits that can adversely impact their ability to perform and innovate at the highest level. Positive intelligence (PI) and Transactional Analysis are two practical methods in human psychology that millions of people have tested for self-growth. The author previously published the application of PI for enhancing engineering students (Tyagi, P., Positive Intelligence Education for Unleashing Student Potential. ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition 2019, Volume 5: Engineering Education, V005T07A009). This paper focuses on training graduate students about the popular and practical transactional analysis science and assessing their competence in utilizing this knowledge to decipher their own and other people’s. Transactional analysis was taught to students via Student presentation-based effective teaching (SPET) methodology developed by the author. Under this approach, graduate students enrolled in the MECH 500 Class were provided a set of questions to answer by self-reading of the recommended textbook “I am Okay You are Okay by Thomas Harris”. Each student individually answered the assignment questions and then worked in the group to prepare a group presentation for the in-class discussion. Three group discussions were conducted to present different views about the four types of transactions and underlying human traits. Before transactional analysis training, students were also trained in Positive intelligence psychology tools for a similar objective. After the discussion, students were surveyed about the depth of their understanding. Students also reflected their views on the utility of transactional analysis with respect to positive intelligence. More than 75% of students mention that they gain high competency in understanding, defining, and utilizing transactional analysis. This study presents insights for positively impacting graduate students’ mindsets as they pursue an unpredicted course of research that can sometimes become very challenging.
Non-Newtonian Blood Flow in a Diseased Abdominal Aortic Arterial Segment Under the Effect of an External Magnetic Field: A Numerical Study
Authors: Elhanafy Ahmed , Abuouf Yasser , Ookawara Shinichi , Ahmed Mahmoud 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Numerical simulation of blood flow modeling in cardiovascular system has been one of the most efficient tools in understanding and diagnosing many diseases in the recent few decades. Recent studies have been performed to investigate the effect of the external magnetic fields on the biomagnetic fluids such as blood. There are many applications of magnetic field which are closely related to hemodynamics such as the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices, magnetic drug targeting (MDT) and cell separation. These applications have a direct connection with hemodynamics parameters such as the wall shear stress, pressure drop and recirculation zones. In this study, numerical simulation of blood flow in an abdominal aortic aneurysm under an external magnetic field is performed. Blood is considered as a non-Newtonian fluid with shear-thinning properties, in which the blood viscosity is a function of both shear rate and hematocrits using the Casson model. The three-dimensional axisymmetric flow is considered in the arterial segment. Results at different flow conditions such as the strength of the magnetic field, different inlet velocities and different hematocrits are estimated. The results indicate the significant effect of the magnetic strength on the wall shear stress and the pressure drop which reached 200 % and 600 %, respectively.
Machine Learning Potentials for Graphene
Authors: Singh Akash , Li Yumeng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Graphene has been one of the most researched material in the world for the past two decades due to its unique combination of mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. Graphene exists in a stable two dimensional (2D) structure with hexagonal carbon rings. This special 2D structure of graphene enables it to exhibit a wide range of peculiar material properties like high Young’s modulus, high specific strength, and electrical conductivity etc. However, it is extremely challenging and costly to investigate graphene solely based on experimental tests. Atomistic simulations are powerful computational techniques for characterizing materials at small length and time scales with a fraction of cost relative to experimental testing. High fidelity atomistic simulations like Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations, and ab initio molecular dynamic simulations have higher accuracy in predicting 2D material properties but are computationally expensive. Classic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations adopt empirical interatomic potentials which drastically reduce the computational time but has lower simulation accuracy. To bridge the gap between these two type of simulation techniques, a new artificial neural network potential is developed, for graphene in this study, to enable the characterization of 2D materials using classic MD simulations with a comparable accuracy of first principles simulation. This is expected to accelerate the discovery and design of novel graphene based functional materials. In the present study mechanical and thermal properties of graphene are investigated using the machine learning potentials by conducting MD simulations. To validate the accuracy of machine learning potentials mechanical properties such as Young’s modulus, ultimate tensile strength and thermal properties such as coefficient of thermal expansion and lattice parameter are evaluated for graphene and compared with existing literature.
CFD Analysis of the Combustion of Hydrogen Fuel on a CFM56-3 Combustor
Authors: Domingues Rafael , Brójo Francisco , Oliveira Pedro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the present work is made an overview of the use of hydrogen in aviation, the modifications needed to convert a conventional gas turbine to use hydrogen and a CFD simulation of an existent gas turbine burning hydrogen. The CFD simulation was done in a CFM56-3 combustor burning Jet A (as a reference standard) and hydrogen, with the intention of evaluate the viability of conversion of existent gas turbines to hydrogen, in a combustion point of view, by analyzing the emissions through ICAO’s LTO cycle while burning this fuel. ANSYS Fluent 2020R2 was the software used to perform the numerical study. The RSM was the viscous model used. Only the NOx emissions were assessed as pollutant once the hydrogen combustion products are reduced to water vapor and NOx. These emissions were evaluated through a detailed mechanism and the NOx model available on ANSYS to get a better concordance with the ICAO’s values. During this study, several sensibility studies were carried out for hydrogen burn, for instance, the analysis of the air flow with/without swirl in the primary zone and different inlet pressure and temperature for fuel.
Sustainable Production of Rotationally Symmetrical Components: Approaches to Resource Saving on Tool and Workpiece
Authors: Volke Pascal , Brock Gabriel , Berger Sebastian , Saelzer Jannis , Nickel Jan , Biermann Dirk 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Sustainability is an increasingly important trend, giving great potential in industrial production to save resources and energy. This paper presents fundamental research results on the reduction of cutting-tool consumption and saving on workpiece-material.
For the basis of a new wear model, explicit knowledge of the thermo-mechanical loads and relative speeds between the tribological partners is of central importance. Therefore, a special open tribometer will be used to parameterize a friction model depending on relative speeds. Both, uncoated and coated tools are used. To reduce experimental effort, numerical simulations serve as an efficient representation of the cutting process. As a novelty in the project’s further course, both the experimentally determined tool temperatures and the friction conditions will be recorded in dependence on the tool wear, complemented by synchronized digitized wear images for validation purposes.
The second work focuses on burnishing as a post-processing method for additively manufactured components. Compared to conventional machining, material and energy is saved and the workpieces’ surface integrity is improved, potentially increasing the components’ lifetime. Experimental tests are extended by finite element simulations, enabling investigations at different scales: At a workpiece model size of several millimeters, residual stresses are to be predicted; at a micrometer range, the surface smoothing is mapped.
Competition Based Learning in Engineering Education
Authors: Chepuri Sai Abhinav , Kowdodi Siva Prasad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Mechanical engineering concepts such as Heat Transfer and FEM are better understood by visualizing and getting hands-on experience on the problem where many of the students fail. One such process that helps the students to visualize, understand and feel the concepts is to participate in student-level design and development challenges. There are many organizations spread across the world that conduct student-level design and development challenges. In India, Fraternity of Mechanical & Automotive (FMAE) is a private organization that focuses on student development in the automobile sector by conducting various types of student-level motorsport events like the design and development of Quad Bike, Baja Buggy, Formula Student, etc. Taking part in these competitions creates a platform for the students to form a team, design and develop vehicles, and compete against other teams nationally and internationally. It also increases the student’s ability to work in a team, take responsibility for a mission-driven project, and also increase leadership and managerial skills. During the process, the students enhance their skills of in-depth understanding, visualization, and knowledge of various engineering concepts.
Miniaturized Models in Engineering Education
Authors: Durgesh N. G. S. M. , Kowdodi Siva Prasad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Creativity is a vital skill that needs to be possessed by humans, especially during the 21st Century. Understanding heavy machinery like a stacker reclaimer or a complex machine like an engine would be very difficult for a normal student. Today’s education system concentrates mostly on Theoretical education rather than practical education. This type of education is responsible for unemployment and a lack of skilled labor. In competitive exams, more than theoretical knowledge, logical reasoning & cognitive skills are evaluated. Knowledge gained through the application of theory in real-life activities is referred to as practical learning. This method of learning allows students to remember and master a topic for a long time. Exams based on practical learning reveal students’ true intellect, as opposed to marks obtained by rote learning. It is a common misconception that practical learning is only beneficial to technical or management students. This study aims to understand the actual working of mechanisms, as only bookish education is not enough to understand how they work. Understanding the mechanisms through this process made the students interestingly understand the mechanisms and also encouraged them to build other miniature models using their creativity.
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Oxidation and High Temperature Wear Performance of Alloy Ti-6Al-4V Manufactured by Direct Metal Laser Sintering
Authors: Shanmugam Ragavanantham , Veeman Dhinakaran , Shanmugam Mannan Muthu , Kalaiselvan Gopika 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this work, alloy Ti-6Al-4V was fabricated using direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) approach and studied the effect of heat treatment (solution treatment 950 °C/2h-furnace cooling and aging 550 °C/6h-air cooling) on the oxidation and wear performance at elevated temperature. The microstructural investigation revealed that as-built alloy consists of a fine-grained martensitic needle shape structure with columnar grains. In the solution treatment aging (STA) treated alloy, the rod-shaped β with different lengths of a was observed. As-built and STA-treated alloy Ti-6Al-4V were subjected to a cyclic oxidation test at 650 °C for 50 h in air. The reaction products developed on the sample’s surface are evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A thick TiO2 layer was formed on the alloy surface, and some cracks were noticed due to thermal stress. The high-temperature wear test was carried out on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy at room temperature (30 °C), 200, and 400 °C using a reciprocating pin-on-disc tribometer in dry conditions. The abrasive wear mechanism was found at RT, whereas oxidation and the adhesive mechanism were noticed at 200 and 400 °C. Results exhibited that STA alloy had a higher wear resistance than that of as-built alloy.