bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioherbicidal potential of Aqueous Extracts and Essential Oils of Rosmarinus Officinalis L. and Thymus Vulgaris L.
Authors: Elghobashy Roufaida Mohamed , El-Darier Salama M. , Atia Adel M. , Zakaria Mohamed 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Weed control is a technique attempts to stop or reduce growth of noxious weeds, with the aim of reducing their competition with desired crop and in natural settings preventing nonnative species competing with native ones. The essential oils and aqueous extracts from Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) and Thymus vulgaris (Thyme), have been investigated as bioherbicides to suppress two weeds; Chenopodium albumand Echinochloa crus-galli associated with two important economic crops; Triticum aestivum (wheat) and Oryza sativa (rice) respectively.
Methods
Petri-dish experiment was performed and 10, 20, 50, and 100% aqueous solution and doses of 0, 2, 4, 8 and 16 µL of essential oil per petri dishes were applied. Number of germinated seeds in each Petri dish was counted daily. After 15 days, germination percentage, germination velocity, speed of germination, germination energy, germination index, mean germination time as well as seedling shoot length, root length, shoot root ratio and seedling vigour index were recorded. The chemical profile for both essential oils were identified with GC-MS analysis.
Results
Eucalyptol (1,8-cineole), α-pinene and camphor were identified as the dominant constituents of the rosemary essential oil. The detected major components of thyme essential oil were Thymol, o-Cymene, caryophyllene and gamma-terpinene. The results showed that thyme essential oils had the most negative effect by inhibiting the germination of weeds. Both rosemary and thyme essential oil caused a generally reducing effect on growth parameters of weeds.
Conclusions
Essential oil of rosemary and thyme had allelopathic potential and should be assessed as allelopathic agents to be used for weed control.
Poleward intensification of midlatitude extreme
winds under warmer climate
Authors: Gentile Emanuele Silvio , Zhao Ming , Hodges Kevin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the global impact of midlatitude cyclones on extreme wind speed events in both hemispheres under a warmer climate. Using the latest version of the high-resolution atmospheric climate model (AM4) developed by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Lab we conducted simulations covering the 71-years period 1949-2019 for both the present-day climate and the idealised future global warming climate scenario with a homogeneous Sea Surface Temperature (SST) increase by 2 K. Our findings reveal that extreme near-surface wind speeds increase by up to 3%K<-1> towards the poles while decrease by a similar amount in the lower midlatitudes. When considering only extreme wind speed events objectively attributed to midlatitude cyclones, we observe a migration by the same amount towards higher latitudes in both percentage per degree SST warming and absolute value. The total number of midlatitude cyclones decreases by roughly 4% but the proportion of cyclone-associated extreme wind speed events in warmer climate increases by 10%. Finally, Northwestern Europe, the British Isles, and the West Coast of North America are identified as hot spots with the greatest socio-economic impacts from increased cyclone-associated extreme winds.
Evaluation of the eddy diffusivity in a pollutant dispersion model in the Stable Boundary Layer
Authors: Goulart A. , Suarez J. M. S. , Lazo M. J. , Marques J. C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

In the present work, we used the eddy diffusivity proposed by [1] in a classical Eulerian dispersion model and in a fractional Eule- rian dispersion model [2]. The obtained results were compared with experimental data from Prairie Grass and Hanford experiments in a stable stability regime. When eddy diffusivity was employed in the fractional dispersion model, the results were better than when it was used in the classical model. This demonstrates that the use of fractional derivatives to describe the transport of contaminants in a turbulent flow, where anomalous diffusion occurs, is more ade- quate than the use of integer derivatives as already observed in [3].
Clinical characteristics and 1-year all-cause mortality in elderly hip fracture patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a propensity score matching study
Authors: Zhao Yuqi , Fu Mingming , Meng Yao , Hou Zhiyong , Wang Zhiqian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aim
Diabetes can seriously affect the prognosis of elderly patients with hip fractures. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and 1-year all-cause mortality in elderly hip fracture patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods
This retrospective study involved patients aged ≥ 65 years old after hip fracture surgery from 2017 to 2019. Patients were divided into T2DM group and non-T2DM group based on whether T2DM was diagnosed at admission. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed in a ratio of 1:1 in the two groups for further comparison. Clinical outcomes included the laboratory results, imaging results, perioperative complications and 1-year all-cause mortality.
Results
In this study, a total of 1296 elderly hip fracture patients were collected, including 331 cases in T2DM group and 965 cases in non-T2DM group. After PSM, a total of 312 pairs of cases were obtained, and all baseline data were comparable (P > 0.05). The levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Brain natriuretic peptide and C-reactive protein in T2DM group were higher than those in non-T2DM group, and the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in T2DM group (P < 0.05). The level of left atrial diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, ventricular septal thickness and carotid medial thickness were higher in the T2DM group (P < 0.05). The incidence of perioperative anemia (56.1% vs 47.1%), hypoproteinemia (53.8% vs 45.8%), electrolyte disturbances (43.6% vs 30.4%), perioperative heart failure (41.3% vs 27.9%), perioperative arrhythmias (30.1% vs 17.6%), and lung infections (21.8% vs 12.2%) was statistically significant in T2DM group (P < 0.05). During the 1-year follow-up period, patients with T2DM were 2 times more likely to die than those without T2DM (HR = 2.104, 95% CI 1.437, 3.080).
Conclusion
Elderly patients with T2DM are more likely to have multiple comorbidities, they are more likely to have dyslipidemia and cardiac structural changes, the incidence of perioperative complications after hip fracture is high. T2DM is an independent risk factor for 1-year mortality in elderly patients with hip fractures, which increases the risk of death twofold. To improve the postoperative outcomes of patients with T2DM who have undergone hip fracture surgery, effective treatment models such as multidisciplinary collaboration and individualized management should be established.
Improved MJO prediction using a multi-member subseasonal to seasonal forecast system of NUIST (NUIST CFS 1.1)
Authors: Wu Jiye , Li Yue , Luo Jing-Jia , Zhang Yi , Doi Takeshi , Yamagata Toshio 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) provides an important source of global subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) predictability, while its prediction remains great challenges. Based on an atmosphere-ocean coupled model and the widely-used nudging method, suitable initialization and ensemble schemes are explored toward an improved MJO prediction. Results show that the ensemble strategy with perturbed atmospheric nudging coefficients facilitates adequate ensemble spread and hence improves the prediction skill. Finally, an 18-member ensemble subseasonal prediction system called NUIST CFS1.1 is developed.
Skill evaluation indicates that the NUIST CFS1.1 can extend the MJO prediction to 24 days lead, which reaches the world-average level but is far from the estimated potential predictability (~45 days). The limited skill at longer lead times corresponds to forecast errors exhibiting slower propagation and weaker intensity, which are largely owing to the model’s shortcoming in representing MJO-related physical processes. Despite the absence of dry bias, obvious biases in horizontal moisture gradients remain. Moreover, the model underestimates the diabatic heating (mostly contributed by the latent heat release) of enhanced convection and fails to reproduce the suppressed convection within the MJO structure, collaboratively weakening the Kelvin/Rossby waves. This causes weaker horizontal winds and ultimately reduces the horizontal moisture advection on the two flanks of MJO convection. Furthermore, the underestimated Kelvin wave induces insufficient planetary boundary layer (PBL) convergence and thereby results in poor simulation of PBL premoistening ahead of MJO convection. However, the relative strength between the Kelvin and Rossby wave keeps stationary as the forecast time increases, and thus is not a determining factor for MJO prediction in the NUIST CFS1.1. The above biases limit the MJO prediction, prompting further efforts to improve the model physics.
Trophic Dominance by an Assemblage of Invasive Fishes in a Large River
Authors: Garvey James , Glover David , Coulter David , MacNamara Ruairi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Invasive species and climate change are accelerating changes in biodiversity. Predicting these changes is difficult, especially in large rivers which are hotspots of freshwater biodiversity and important dispersal corridors for aquatic organisms. The lower Illinois River is a major dispersal corridor between the Mississippi River watershed and the North American Great Lakes. The mainstem of this river is highly modified for navigation and may serve as a refuge for invasive species. We compared native and invasive fishes within trophic groups at the scale of an entire river to determine how invaders have risen to dominance. During fall 2012-2017, mainstem river fishes were sampled using standard gears and side-aspect, split-beam echosounding. Biomass and individual body sizes of fishes were used to estimate consumption. Whole-assemblage biomass and consumptive demand of herbivores, insectivores, planktivores, and piscivores were extrapolated from river segments to the entire 315-km main channel. The consumptive demand of native and invasive planktivores was simulated as a function of increasing river temperature and declining food quality. Across the entire fish assemblage, invaders dominated biomass but not species richness each year. Invasive and native fishes reached a fall-season maximum of 6,370 thousand tons and 2,942 thousand tons within the mainstem river, respectively. The total biomass of all but the piscivore trophic group was dominated by invasive fishes. Regardless of total assemblage biomass, invasive fishes had lower energy demand than natives, likely providing them a competitive advantage. Invasive planktivores required less energy than natives to compensate for both increased temperature and declining food quality. Assemblages of invasive species with large bodies and efficient energy consumption allow them to dominate trophic levels and spread into novel ecosystems.
Distributive effects of a coordinated wage bargaining scheme
Authors: Blanchard Pablo , Carrasco Paula , Ceni Rodrigo , Parada Cecilia , Santín Sofia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Using matched employer-employee administrative data from Uruguay, we analyze the distributive effects of a wage policy with a national minimum wage and more than two hundred sectoral minimum wages. This wage policy reduces inequality in the lower tail of the wage distribution for all formal private workers, mainly among males, and during a most favorable macroeconomic context. For males, we find spillovers affecting the upper end. Exploring job mechanisms: a smaller distributive effect aligns with a higher displacement effect within sectors in the bottom distribution and among the more affected sectors, but no evidence is found in total employment performance.
Performance-based versus conventional seismic design: Comparative assessment on a 4-story RC moment frame
Authors: Chatzidaki Akrivi , Vamvatsikos Dimitrios , Hernández-Montes Enrique 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Five different design approaches are compared on a single mid-rise reinforced concrete building, pitting two performance-based designs against three conventional methods in delivering a solution that satisfies different sets of performance objectives. Two of the conventional designs stem from the literature, and they represent 2003 IBC compatible solutions. Another employs yield point spectra to deliver a code-like solution, satisfying the design norms without needing iterations. The final two are based on the yield frequency spectra to offer a design that can satisfy more detailed performance objectives in a single step. Overall, all five methods are shown to deliver what is expected. Conventional methods can safely capture the code requirements, yet they are disadvantaged when treading in beyond-life-safety territory, where Immediate Occupancy or Collapse Prevention objectives cannot be easily satisfied, a problem that is not shared by performance-based approaches.
Inter-annual surface ice velocities of the Panchi Nala glacier, western Himalaya: trends and controlling factors
Authors: Garg Purushottam Kumar , Prajapati Mohit , Shukla Aparna , Guha Supratim , Ali Iram 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Information on glacier velocity is imperative to understand glacier mass, ice volume, topography, surge events of the glacier and response to climate change. Present study investigates inter-annual surface ice velocity (SIV) of the Panchi Nala Glacier, western Himalaya to understand its dynamics. The SIV has been computed by the feature tracking technique using the Co-registration of Optically Sensed Images and Correlation (COSI-Corr) method applied on the multi-temporal Landsat (TM and OLI) and Sentinel − 2 MSI images acquired between 2000 and 2021. Results show that the mean velocity of the debris-covered tongue (4500–4800 m asl) of the Panchi Nala Glacier is 10.6 ± 5.6 m/y during the study period. Additionally, the highest average glacier velocity is 13.8 ± 4.6 m/y, whereas the lowest is 8.9 ± 2.8 m/y, respectively, observed in 2005 and 2015. Also, the 95% confidence interval of the mean annual velocity lies between 9.8 and 11.4 m/y during the entire study period. There is no significant trend in the velocity rather it is highly heterogeneous on the inter-annual scale. Further the influence of several factors namely slope, debris cover, altitude, annual average temperature and precipitation on SIV was also investigated. Results indicate that the annual heterogeneity in SIV is linked with the variation of summer precipitation. Statistically, a 100 mm increment of summer precipitation can reduce the velocity around 1.3 m/y. The main reason behind this is the Panchi Nala glacier is located in high-elevation (4500m to 5600 m asl) where the climate is much colder and during the summer precipitation, the lower temperatures cause the precipitation to take the form of snow, which freezes and accumulates on the glacier. This reduces the process of basal sliding leading to slow movement. Further, detailed investigations using high-resolution remote sensing images and field data along with additional parameters need to be carried out to elucidate the spatial SIV and comprehensive causes for inter-annual fluctuations.
Reliability and Outcome Predictors of Proximal Femoral Locking Compression Plate Osteosynthesis at a Nigerian North-eastern Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Ibrahim Shaphat Shuaibu , Musa Abubakar , Shodipo Olaoluwa Moses , Timothy Emuan , Abdulrahaman Aremu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background The choice of proximal femur locking compression plate (PFLCP) for fixation of proximal femur fractures has evolved over the years with occasional poor outcome especially with complex intertrochanteric fractures.
Objective To evaluate the reliability of PFLCP with regards to radiologic union and to determine predictors of poor outcome.
Materials and methods Single center retrospective cross sectional study at a Nigerian tertiary hospital, where data of patients who have attained skeletal maturity with intertrochanteric (IT) and subtrochanteric fractures who had PFLCP fixation between1st October 2019 and 30th September 2021 was analyzed. Poor outcome defined as mechanical failure, non-union and varus collapse were statistically analyzed (P value 0.05) against possible predictive variables.
Results A total of 28 patients , with mean age of 51.75±18.7 years, age range of 20-95 years, mean body mass index(BMI) of 27.23±0.8kg/m2 and M:F of 1.8:1 were studied. Unstable IT fracture was the most common fracture seen in 12 patients (42.8%), followed by stable IT fracture (35.7%) and subtrochanteric fracture (21.4%). Radiologic union was achieved in 20 patients (71.4%) and poor outcome of mechanical failure/non-union, varus collapse seen in 3(10.7%) and 5(17.8%) patients respectively. There was a statistically significant association between obesity and mechanical failure (P value 0.001) and also a significant association between unstable IT and varus collapse (P value 0.011).
Conclusion An excellent outcome was achieved with PFLCP fixation, however obesity and unstable IT fractures were predictors of poor outcome.
Challenges Facing Arab Researchers in Publishing Scientific Research: A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Elgamri Alya , Mohammed Zeinab , El-Rhazi Karima , Shahrouri Manal , Ahram Mamoun , Al-Abbas Al-Mubarak , Silverman Henry 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Studies have shown an underrepresentation of researchers from lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in the research literature compared with their counterparts in high-income countries. We aimed to explore Arab researchers' challenges regarding conducting and publishing research in peer-reviewed journals.
Methods
We used a descriptive qualitative study design of semi-structured in-depth interviews. Using purposive sampling, we recruited participants from four Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and translated to English if the original language was Arabic or French. We analyzed the transcripts using reflexive thematic analysis. Several authors independently coded the transcripts and agreed on the identified codes, themes, and subthemes.
Results
We performed 17 interviews: three from Egypt, six from Jordan, four from Morocco, and four from Sudan. Our participants' comments were divided into three broad categories with associated themes and subthemes. The first regards the conduct of research (themes of inadequate quality of research, insufficient research resources, and nonsuppurative research environment). The second category involves the publishing process (themes of poor scientific writing skills and difficulties navigating the publishing and peer-reviewed system). The third regards international collaborations and the final category recommends methods to address the challenges. Our recommendations include: enhancing the institutional research culture, increasing funding mechanisms, establishing mentoring programs and workshops on research methodology and scientific writing, and increasing the representation of LMICs on the editorial staff.
Conclusions
Identifying the challenges of Arab researchers in publishing original and quality research would guide programs tailored and targeted toward Arab scholars' needs.
Assessment of Multidimensional Poverty changes in Malawi: Evidence from 2010-2019 data
Authors: Mtocha Chrispine Adams , Chirwa Gowokani Chijere , Mazalale Jacob 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

For many years, the international development community has placed a high priority on reducing poverty as a key policy objective. Nevertheless in Malawi, multidimensional poverty has remained alarmingly high exceeding 50% for the past ten years (2004–2016). While previous research on poverty in Malawi has focused on income-based measures, little is known about the changes in multidimensional poverty and their underlying factors. This study investigates multidimensional poverty in Malawi from 2010 to 2019 using the recent Malawi-specific Multidimensional Poverty Index (M-MPI) and nationally representative data from the Integrated Household Panel Survey. In terms of methods, the Alkire-Foster method is used to calculate the MPI. We use unconditional quantile regression model and the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition to understand the drivers and dynamics of multidimensional poverty in Malawi. The findings 54moving from 70.4% in 2010 to 62.1% in 2019, with household income, the literacy and education level of the household head being among the main factors influencing this change. However, household size, experience of shocks, social protection programs, residence in rural areas, and marriage were identified as factors that increased MPI over time. Access to credit had an ambiguous impact on poverty changes. These findings can be useful for policymakers to design targeted and cost-effective interventions to reduce poverty and maximize economic growth in Malawi.
Spatio-temporal trends in Holocene peat/carbon accumulation rates in China: climatic and human drivers
Authors: Rao Zhiguo , Zhao Minghua , Li Yunxia , Li Chaozhu , Feng Zixian , Chen Fahu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Peatlands play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle and in climate change feedbacks. Hence, understanding the dynamics of peat/carbon accumulation in response to climate change and human activities is essential for assessing the future fate of carbon reservoirs. We compiled records of Holocene peat accumulation rate (PAR) and carbon accumulation rate (CAR) from sites at different altitudes in China. At high altitudes (> 2400 m a.s.l.), we observed a long-term decreasing trend in PARs and CARs, indicating the adverse impact of climatic warming and drying on peat/carbon accumulation. In contrast, peatlands at mid-altitudes (~ 1000–2400 m a.s.l.) and low altitudes (< 1000 m a.s.l.) showed increased PARs after 6 kyr BP and 7.5 kyr BP, respectively, primarily due to human activities. However, CARs in the mid-altitude peatlands showed a decreasing trend after 6 kyr BP, while CARs in the low-altitude peatlands continued to increase after 7.5 kyr BP, influenced by variations in the total organic carbon content of input materials sourced from soil erosion. On the scale of the whole of China, the PARs and CARs show similar trends throughout the Holocene. During the early Holocene, there was a gradual decrease in PARs and CARs, possibly in response to climate change. During the middle Holocene, the PARs and CARs were relatively stable, suggesting a balance between natural climate changes and relatively moderate-level human activities. However, after 4 kyr BP, human activities intensified on a large spatial scale and became the dominant driver of PARs and CARs in China, which showed a consistent increasing trend, indicating that human activities had a positive impact on peat/carbon accumulation. Our findings highlight the vulnerability of high-altitude peatlands to climatic warming and the positive impact of human activities on carbon sequestration in peatlands. They contribute to our understanding of carbon cycle dynamics and have important implications for future projections of peatland carbon reservoirs and sustainable land management strategies in China and elsewhere.