bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patellofemoral Joint Loading Progression Across 35 Weightbearing Rehabilitation Exercises and Activities of Daily Living
Authors: Song Ke , Scattone Silva Rodrigo , Hullfish Todd J. , Silbernagel Karin Grävare , Baxter Josh R. 
Published: June 2023

Background: Exercises that provide progressive therapeutic loading are a central component of patellofemoral pain rehabilitation, but quantitative evidence on patellofemoral joint loading is scarce for a majority of common weightbearing rehabilitation exercises. Purpose: To define a loading index to quantify, compare, rank, and categorize overall loading levels in the patellofemoral joint across 35 types of weightbearing rehabilitation exercises and activities of daily living. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Model-estimated knee flexion angles and extension moments based on motion capture and ground-reaction force data were used to quantify patellofemoral joint loading in 20 healthy participants who performed each exercise. A loading index was computed via a weighted sum of loading peak and cumulative loading impulse for each exercise. The 35 rehabilitation exercises and daily living activities were then ranked and categorized into low, moderate, and high “loading tiers” according to the loading index. Results: Overall patellofemoral loading levels varied substantially across the exercises and activities, with loading peak ranging from 0.6 times body weight during walking to 8.2 times body weight during single-leg decline squat. Most rehabilitation exercises generated a moderate level of patellofemoral joint loading. Few weightbearing exercises provided low-level loading that resembled walking or high-level loading with both high magnitude and duration. Exercises with high knee flexion tended to generate higher patellofemoral joint loading compared with high-intensity exercises. Conclusion: This study quantified patellofemoral joint loading across a large collection of weightbearing exercises in the same cohort. Clinical Relevance: The visualized loading index ranks and modifiable worksheet may assist clinicians in planning patient-specific exercise programs for patellofemoral pain rehabilitation.
In vitro and in vivo studies of a newly synthesized copper-cetyl tri-methyl ammonium bromide combined with gallium oxide nanoparticles complex as an antitumor agent against hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Moawed Fatma SM , Haroun Riham Abdel-Hamid , Abou Zaid Eman S , Mansour Somya Z , Badawi Abdel-Fattah M , Kandil Eman I 
Published: June 2023

Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most leading causes of death worldwide. Previous studies reported that gallium alone and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) have antineoplastic activities; therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the activity of copper‐cetyl tri‐methyl ammonium bromide with gallium oxide nanoparticles (Cu‐CTAB+GaO‐NPs) against HCC by using in vitro and in vivo studies. Methods: In vitro study was performed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of Cu‐CTAB+GaO‐NPs and GaO‐NPs on HepG‐2 cell line using crystal violet dye assay. In vivo study was done on diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) induced HCC Wister rats. Rats were randomly divided into eight groups; control, Cu‐CTAB, GaO‐NPs, Cu‐CTAB+GaONPs, DEN, DEN+Cu‐CTAB, DEN+GaO‐NPs and DEN+Cu‐CTAB+GaO‐NPs. Histopathological examination of liver and biochemical parameters such as liver function markers, oxidative stress-antioxidants markers, tumor makers, apoptosis makers were studied. Results: Results obtained from in vitro study revealed that Cu‐CTAB+GaO‐NPs and GaO‐NPs affect the cell viability of HepG‐2 cancer cell with IC50 0.2 μg/ml and 360 μg/ml, respectively. Cu‐CTAB+GaO‐NPs exerted an antiproliferative effect in experimental rat models of HCC, as demonstrated both histologically, since it facilitated the tissue recovery of the damaged liver, and biochemically as showed by the reduction of liver function markers (ALT & AST), oxidative stress markers (MDA) and tumor makers (AFP,TGF‐β1,α‐L–Fucosidase); while antioxidants markers (SOD), apoptosis markers (caspase‐3 mRNA) and araginase activity were elevated in DEN+Cu‐CTAB, DEN+GaO‐NPs and DEN+Cu‐CTAB+GaO‐NPs groups when compared to DEN group. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that both Cu‐CTAB alone and/or combined with GaO‐NPs exerted cytotoxic effects against DEN-induced HCC, which would in turn, speculate a possible therapeutic role of the novel Cu‐CTAB+GaO‐NPs compound.
Predictors of PrEP retention in at risk patients seen at a HIV primary care clinic in San Diego
Authors: Herns Shayna , Panwala Rebecca , Pfeil Allan , Sardinha Manuel , Rossi Vito , Blumenthal Jill , Hill Lucas 
Published: June 2023

Background Adherence to medication and retention in care are key contributors to the efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for prevention of HIV. Therefore, it is important to understand factors that may impact retention in various settings that prescribe PrEP. Methods We evaluated factors associated with retention in care 3 and 12 months after PrEP initiation at a primary care HIV clinic in San Diego. Retention was defined as having an office/virtual visit within 1 month from the 3- or 12-months time point or interacting with the clinic leading to medication being refilled. Results A total of 199 patients were included. Retention rates were 74.4% and 52.8% at 3 and 12 months respectively. In the multivariate analysis, reporting depression or anxiety was associated with being retained in care ( p = 0.004) and identifying as cisgender female was associated with lack of retention ( p = 0.04) at 3 months. Testing positive for a sexually transmitted infection was associated with 12-months retention ( p = 0.004); however, this was likely influenced by difference in the frequency of testing in those retained versus not retained. Conclusion Ongoing efforts to determine the optimal method for provision of PrEP care that supports retention for different populations at risk for HIV, are needed.
Assessment of Duration of Feeding, Spillage, Weight Changes, Days to Reach Full Oral Feeds, Full Breastfeed, and Length of Hospitalization Among Preterm Neonates
Authors: Gujjar Neetu , Kalyan Geetanjali , Kumar Jogender , Kumar Parveen 
Published: June 2023

Background Preterm neonates are not able to breastfeed due to immature sucking swallow reflexes and are kept on an alternative method of feeding until they are able to do so. The time to reach full oral feeds and breastfeed, the duration of feeding, and spillage are important parameters that need to be observed so that a baseline value can be provided, which can help healthcare professionals see the progression and appropriateness of feeding preterm neonates. Objective To assess the duration of feeding, spillage, weight changes, days to reach full oral feeds, full breastfeed, and length of hospitalization among preterm neonates. Material and Methods A descriptive study was carried out on 106 preterm neonates in the step-down unit of the NICU, PGIMER, Chandigarh. The variables under study were duration of feeding, spillage, weight changes, days to reach full oral feeds, days to reach full breastfeed, and length of hospitalization. The tools for data collection used were a socio-demographic profile along with a clinical profile of neonates, a neonatal assessment, and an observation sheet to record spillage and duration of feeding. The methods of data collection used were observation and biophysiological methods. Weight was assessed by the infant weighing scale present in the unit (in grams) and to measure spillage, a bib was used, and its pre- and post-feeding weight was measured on a diaper weighing machine. The values are expressed in grams. The data were collected from July 2021 to November 2021. The data are analyzed using the SPSS version 23.0. Results The results showed that neonates took an average of mean ± SD (range) 15.0 ± 3.12 (10−26) min to complete one feeding session, and spillage was around 1.37± 0.3 (0.8−2.3) g. The transition time to full oral feeds was 8.01 ± 7.21 (1–44) days, and the average time to reach full breastfeed was 26.7 ± 12.1 (5−56) days. Conclusion The present study has provided valuable data on duration of feeding and spillage that serves as a guide for the amount of milk that can be added to the prescribed feed. The information is also helpful in educating the parents to be patient while feeding the baby and wait for at least 3 weeks to 2 months to reach full breastfeed. Gestational age at birth and birth weight affect (negative correlation) the time to reach full oral feeds, breastfeed, and length of hospital stays ( p < .05).
Candidemia in Adult Patients in the ICU: A Reappraisal of Susceptibility Testing and Antifungal Therapy
Authors: Chastain Daniel B. , White Bryan P. , Tu Patrick J. , Chan Sophea , Jackson Brittany T. , Kubbs Kara A. , Bandali Aiman , McDougal Steven , Henao-Martínez Andrés F. , Cluck David B. 
Published: June 2023

Objective: To provide updates on the epidemiology and recommendations for management of candidemia in patients with critical illness. Data Sources: A literature search using the PubMed database (inception to March 2023) was conducted using the search terms “invasive candidiasis,” “candidemia,” “critically ill,” “azoles,” “echinocandin,” “antifungal agents,” “rapid diagnostics,” “antifungal susceptibility testing,” “therapeutic drug monitoring,” “antifungal dosing,” “persistent candidemia,” and “Candida biofilm.” Study Selection/Data Extraction: Clinical data were limited to those published in the English language. Ongoing trials were identified through ClinicalTrials.gov. Data Synthesis: A total of 109 articles were reviewed including 25 pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies and 30 studies including patient data, 13 of which were randomized controlled clinical trials. The remaining 54 articles included fungal surveillance data, in vitro studies, review articles, and survey data. The current 2016 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Candidiasis provides recommendations for selecting empiric and definitive antifungal therapies for candidemia, but data are limited regarding optimized dosing strategies in critically ill patients with dynamic pharmacokinetic changes or persistent candidemia complicated. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Outcomes due to candidemia remain poor despite improved diagnostic platforms, antifungal susceptibility testing, and antifungal therapy selection for candidemia in critically ill patients. Earlier detection and identification of the species causing candidemia combined with recognition of patient-specific factors leading to dosing discrepancies are crucial to improving outcomes in critically ill patients with candidemia. Conclusions: Treatment of candidemia in critically ill patients must account for the incidence of non-albicans Candida species and trends in antifungal resistance as well as overcome the complex pathophysiologic changes to avoid suboptimal antifungal exposure.
Adverse Events of Light-Assisted Hair Removal: An Updated Review
Authors: Mallat Farid , Chaaya Céline , Aoun Maroun , Soutou Boutros , Helou Josiane 
Published: June 2023

Background With light-assisted hair removal becoming widely used, reports of adverse effects are increasing. Objective To review all the reported optical incidents and cutaneous complications of laser or intense pulse light-assisted hair removal. Methods A PubMed database systematic search was performed to identify studies reporting such adverse events before July 2022 using the Mesh terms “adverse effects” AND “hair removal” AND (“laser” OR “intense pulse light”). Results Altogether, 358 references were identified. After excluding duplicates, unrelated articles, guidelines, and conference abstracts, then adding references from studies bibliography, 104 publications were included. Ocular incidents consisted of anterior uveitis, iritis and iris atrophy, pupillary distortion, posterior synechiae, anterior chamber pigment, and cataracts in the anterior subcapsular region. Cutaneous complications consisted of pain, burns, folliculitis, leukotrichia, paradoxical hypertrichosis, pigmentary changes, changes in nevi, pili bigemini, herpes infection, hyperhidrosis, bromhidrosis, Fox-Fordyce disease, and frostbite from the cooling system. They were mostly correlated to skin type and body area as well as to light device and set parameters. Intense pulse light devices were found to be less painful than alexandrite laser, yet more painful than diode laser; Nd:YAG laser had the highest pain score. Conclusion Optical incidents can be systematically avoided. Cutaneous complications are usually related to professional errors and patient characteristics. Better knowledge of laser physics and adequate training of laser operators are key recommendations to avoid undesirable side effects. Safety recommendations help prevent most of the reported complications.
Dental desensitization by dentists and occupational therapists for autistic adults: A pilot study
Authors: Castaño Novoa Patricia , Limeres Posse Jacobo , García Mato Eliane , Varela Aneiros Iván , Abeleira Pazos María Teresa , Diz Dios Pedro , Rivas Mundiña Berta 
Published: June 2023

The aim of this pilot study was to assess the efficacy of a desensitization program developed by dentists and occupational therapists, targeted at autistic adults, to encourage their cooperation in the dental setting. The study group consisted of 18 individuals with autism (10 men and 8 women, aged 18–45 years). The patients underwent a baseline examination, after which they were progressively exposed to oral examination maneuvers and ultimately dental procedures. To this end, the participants engaged in a weekly desensitization session performed by an occupational therapist and a monthly assessment session by a dentist applying the Frankl scale, for a maximum period of 30 weeks. During the first session, 44% of the participants completed all oral examination procedures, reaching 94% by the fourth visit and 100% by the seventh visit. None of the participants completed a simple dental treatment up to the third session, subsequently increasing the percentage progressively until reaching a maximum of 61% in the seventh visit. In conclusion, a dental desensitization program implemented by dentists and occupational therapists could help in performing oral examinations and simple therapeutic procedures for a considerable percentage of adults with autism, without having to resort to pharmacological behavioral control techniques. Lay abstract Managing patients with autism in the dental clinic often requires resorting to pharmacological behavioral control techniques, including general anesthesia. References in the literature to desensitization programs are scarce and focus on training children with autism to undergo oral examinations and preventive procedures. This study shows that a dental desensitization program implemented by dentists and occupational therapists could help in performing not only oral examinations but also simple dental therapeutic procedures for a considerable percentage of adults with autism, without using a pharmacological intervention (sedation or general anesthesia).
Short report on navigating access to care for Medicaid-enrolled autistic youth and young adults: Examining accrual of intellectual disability diagnoses in adolescence
Authors: Carey Meghan E , Ardeleanu Katherine , Marcus Steven C , Tao Sha , Mandell David , Epstein Andrew J , Shea Lindsay L 
Published: June 2023

Medicaid is a major insurer of autistic people. However, during the transition to adulthood, autistic individuals are more likely than people with intellectual disability to lose their Medicaid benefits. Individuals with intellectual disability may have greater success maintaining Medicaid coverage during this time because most states provide coverage to individuals with intellectual disability throughout adulthood, which is not the case for autism. Using national Medicaid data from 2008 to 2016, we estimated the probability of intellectual disability diagnosis accrual among autistic Medicaid beneficiaries. Medicaid beneficiaries ages 8 to 25 with 1+ inpatient or 2+ outpatient autism spectrum disorder claims, but no intellectual disability claim, in a 12-month eligibility period were included. We used a person-month discrete-time proportional hazards model. Disruptions in Medicaid coverage were operationalized as 2+ consecutive months of no coverage before coverage resumed (yes/no). One in five autistic individuals ages 8–25 accrued an intellectual disability diagnosis. The probability of accruing an intellectual disability diagnosis was higher among autistic individuals who had disruptions in Medicaid coverage compared to those without disruptions, and peaked at age 21 (during the transition to adulthood). Expanding Medicaid to cover autistic people of all ages could decrease the need for intellectual disability diagnosis accrual and improve health outcomes for autistic adults. Lay abstract What is known? In most states, Medicaid waivers provide individuals with an intellectual disability diagnosis generous healthcare coverage throughout adulthood. By comparison, fewer Medicaid programs are available for autistic individuals, and they are more likely to experience disruptions, or gaps, in Medicaid coverage and subsequently not re-enroll. What this paper adds? One in five autistic individuals with Medicaid coverage between ages 8 and 25 accrued a new intellectual disability diagnosis. The probability of a new intellectual disability diagnosis was higher among those who had previous disruptions in Medicaid coverage. Implications for research and policy. Expanding Medicaid to cover autistic people of all ages could decrease the need for intellectual disability diagnosis accrual. Input from autistic individuals and their families regarding their health insurance access and healthcare experiences is critically important to understanding next steps for research.
Fatigue reliability evaluation of reinforced concrete bridges under stochastic traffic loading based on truck weight limits
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhao Dong-Dong , Wu Shi-Yu 
Published: June 2023

To investigate the fatigue reliability of reinforced concrete (RC) bridges under stochastic traffic loading and the effectiveness of limiting the truck load, this study presented an analysis method for evaluating the bridge fatigue reliability under the action of random traffic flows based on truck weight limits. Firstly, a simply RC T-beam bridge was selected as an example to illustrate the presented approach, and the traffic-induced stress spectrum of the tensile rebars in the critical girder of the bridge was obtained. Secondly, based on the collected traffic data from two specific areas, the corresponding random traffic flow was simulated respectively, and then calibrated using the weight limit referring to the current regulation and overload violation rates ( VR) to exclude overweight trucks. Finally, based on the S–N curve from Eurocode 3 and Miner’s cumulative damage model, the effects of violation rate, average daily truck traffic ( ADTT) and truck weight limit ( TWL) on the fatigue reliability index of the bridge were studied. The results show that heavy duty trucks will induce serious cumulative fatigue damage, and degrade the durability of RC bridges, while limiting the truck weight can obviously slow down the reduction of the fatigue reliability index. Both the ADTT and the VR can significantly affect the fatigue reliability of the bridge. More specifically, the bridge fatigue reliability index shows a clear downward trend with the increase in the ADTT and the VR. Furthermore, the performance to satisfy the target fatigue reliability of the bridge was compared between TWL for each type of trucks and unified TWL for all the trucks, and then the unified TWL for all the trucks are determined to ensure the target reliability index of the RC bridge after 100 years’ service life.
Feasibility of Intravascular Lithotripsy for the Treatment of Calcified Supra-Aortic Vessels: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Bilman Victor , Rosenthal Eyal , Klemperer Leigh , Rubinstein Chen , Halkin Amir , Sheick-Yousif Basheer 
Published: June 2023

Purpose: To report a case of coronary-subclavian steal syndrome (CSSS) due to a history of a left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to left anterior descending (LAD) artery coronary bypass (CABG) and a heavily calcified ostial left subclavian artery (LSA) occlusion, that was treated with intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) technique and to summarize the current trends of IVL treatment for supra-aortic vessels. Case Report: A 64-year-old woman with progressive intermittent angina pectoris and a history of LIMA to LAD bypass underwent coronary angiography which demonstrated complete ostial occlusion of the LSA. Via brachial access, the patient underwent Shockwave IVL balloon treatment of the LSA and stent-graft implantation. At 9 months follow-up, the patient showed symptoms resolution, and duplex ultrasound (DUS) demonstrated a patent LSA. Conclusions: The Shockwave IVL system was demonstrated to be a feasible treatment and justified for selective cases of highly calcified lesions in supra-aortic vessels. The present case report and the literature review, in a total of 47 patients resulted in a high technical procedural success rate, with a low rate of complications. Future studies with larger cohorts are warranted to confirm these findings and standardize this technology in this particular vascular field. Clinical Impact The present study exemplifies a case of recanalization of the left subclavian artery in a patient with coronary-subclavian steal syndrome with a heavily calcified ostial lesion treated with intravascular lithotripsy (IVL). In this paper, for the first time, a review of the contemporary literature on the use of IVL in supra-aortic vessels is reported, elucidating the feasibility of this technique in this vascular territory. Despite the heterogeneous features of the reported cases and the lack of a standardized protocol for the use of IVL in the management of highly calcified lesions of supra-aortic vessels, it was demonstrated to be a feasible technique, with a high technical success rate, being an advantageous tool for heavily calcified supra-aortic lesions.
Chemical Composition of Vitis vinifera Leaves Essential Oil and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extract
Authors: Djapic Nina 
Published: June 2023

Background/Objective Vitis vinifera leaves harvested from the developing canes are used in Balkan cuisines. The objective was to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) extract of V. vinifera leaves harvested after the flowering of the new vine shoots. Methods The V. vinifera leaf oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and SC CO2 extraction. The application of different SC CO2 extraction parameters, determined by the Box–Behnken design, influenced the extraction yield and the chemical composition of the SC CO2 extracts. The optimal extraction conditions were set for the extraction yield and eucalyptol amount. The essential oil and SC CO2 extracts obtained were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results The most abundant compounds present in the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation were: phytol (11.3%), α-cadinol (8.3%), trans-calamenene (8.2%), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (7.0%), and τ-cadinol (6.6%). The extracts obtained by SC CO2 extraction consisted of twenty five compounds among which the most abundant were: phytol, squalene, eucalyptol, camphene and hexadecan-1-ol. Over the ranges of SC CO2 process parameters studied, those of pressure and extraction time had significant effect on the extraction yield and eucalyptol amount. Conclusion The results obtained determined the compounds present in V. vinifera leaves essential oil and SC CO2 extracts which contribute to the flavor and aroma of V. vinifera leaves.