bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Markers of immune dysregulation in response to the ageing gut: insights from aged murine gut microbiota transplants
Authors: Giannos Panagiotis , Prokopidis Konstantinos , Isanejad Masoud , Wright Helen L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Perturbations in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota are accompanied by a decline in immune homeostasis during ageing, characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and enhanced innate immunity. Genetic insights into the interaction between age-related alterations in the gut microbiota and immune function remain largely unexplored.

Methods
We investigated publicly available transcriptomic gut profiles of young germ-free mouse hosts transplanted with old donor gut microbiota to identify immune-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Literature screening of the Gene Expression Omnibus and PubMed identified one murine (Mus musculus) gene expression dataset (GSE130026) that included small intestine tissues from young (5–6 weeks old) germ-free mice hosts that were compared following 8 weeks after transplantation with either old (~ 24-month old; n = 5) or young (5–6 weeks old; n = 4) mouse donor gut microbiota.

Results
A total of 112 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and used to construct a gut network of encoded proteins, in which DEGs were functionally annotated as being involved in an immune process based on gene ontology. The association between the expression of immune-process DEGs and abundance of immune infiltrates from gene signatures in normal colorectal tissues was estimated from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. The analysis revealed a 25-gene signature of immune-associated DEGs and their expression profile was positively correlated with naïve T-cell, effector memory T-cell, central memory T-cell, resident memory T-cell, exhausted T-cell, resting Treg T-cell, effector Treg T-cell and Th1-like colorectal gene signatures.
Conclusions
These genes may have a potential role as candidate markers of immune dysregulation during gut microbiota ageing. Moreover, these DEGs may provide insights into the altered immune response to microbiota in the ageing gut, including reduced antigen presentation and alterations in cytokine and chemokine production.
Evaluating the prognostic value of CD56 in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Liang Tianqi , Peng Zhiyong , Li Chunfu , Huang Junbin , Wang Huabin , Bu Chaoke , Li Jian , Zheng Yongzhi , Feng Xiaoqin , Li Huiping , Chen Chun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Many cytogenetic changes and gene mutations are associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) survival outcomes. CD56 is related to poor prognosis when expressed in adult AML patients. However, the prognostic value of CD56 in children with AML has rarely been reported. In this research, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of CD56 in childhood AML.

Methods
The present retrospective study included 145 newly diagnosed pediatric patients with de novo AML (excluding AML-M3) in two hospitals between January 2015 and April 2021.

Results
The total median (range) age was 75 (8–176) months, and the median follow-up time was 35 months. No significant difference in the 3-year overall survival rate was noted between the CD56-positive and CD56-negative groups (67.0% vs. 79.3%, P = 0.157) who received chemotherapy. However, among high-risk patients, the CD56-positive group had a worse overall survival rate and event-free survival rate (P < 0.05). Furthermore, among high-risk patients, the CD56-positive group had higher relapse and mortality rates than the CD56-negative group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
CD56 represents a potential factor of poor prognosis in specific groups of children with AML and should be considered in the risk stratification of the disease. Given the independent prognostic value of CD56 expression, we should consider integrating this marker with some immunophenotypic or cytogenetic abnormalities for comprehensive analysis.
Factors associated with complementary feeding practices among children aged 6–23 months in Indonesia
Authors: Yunitasari Esti , Al Faisal Ahmad Hisyam , Efendi Ferry , Kusumaningrum Tiyas , Yunita Fildzah Cindra , Chong Mei Chan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Complementary foods with breastfeeding are foods or drinks given to children aged 6–23 months to meet their nutritional needs. The non-optimal provision of complementary feeding influences malnutrition in children of this age.

Aims
To analyze the factors associated with complementary feeding practices among children aged 6–23 months in Indonesia.

Methods
A cross-sectional design was employed using data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 502,800 mothers with children aged 6–23 months were recruited through multistage cluster sampling. Data were analyzed using a logistic regression test to determine the correlation between predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors and complementary feeding practices.

Results
A prevalence values of analysis showed that approximately 71.14%, 53.95%, and 28.13% of the children met MMF, MMD, and MAD, respectively. The probability of achieving minimum dietary diversity (MDD) was high in the following: children aged 18–23 months (odds ratio [OR] = 9.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.29–12.58), children of mothers with higher education (OR = 5.95; 95% CI = 2.17–16.34), children from households with upper wealth index (OR = 2.53; 95% CI = 1.85–3.48), children of mothers who received childbirth assistance by professionals (OR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.20–2.20), and children of mothers who had access to the Internet (OR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.06–1.50). Moreover, children from households with the upper wealth index (OR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.03–1.91), children whose mothers were employed (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.02–1.39) living in urban areas (OR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.06–1.54) and children of mothers who received childbirth assistance by professionals (OR = 1.33; 95% CI = 0.98–1.82) were more likely to meet Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF). Finally, children aged 18–23 months (OR = 2.40; 95% CI = 1.81–3.17), of mothers with higher education (OR = 3.15; 95% CI = 0.94–10.60), from households with upper wealth index (OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.05–2.90) and born with professional childbirth assistance (OR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.21–2.75) were significantly associated with minimum acceptable diet (MAD).

Conclusions
The findings revealed that the prevalence of MDD and MAD in Indonesia was low. Strategies such as improving health services, economic conditions, and education level of mothers are needed to improve infant and young child feeding in Indonesia.
Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency in 6-12-month-old infants: a cross-sectional study in Southern Thailand
Authors: Kasemsripitak Staporn , Jaruratanasirikul Somchit , Boonrusmee Sasivara , Saengkaew Tansit , Sriplung Hutcha 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Vitamin D is an essential micronutrient for bone mineralization and bone growth in children. There have been few studies to date of vitamin D status in infants aged 6–12 months in Southeast Asian countries.

Aim
To examine the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (VDI, including vitamin D deficiency) in healthy infants and the risk factors for VDI in southern Thailand.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out in 120 healthy infants aged 6–12 months and their mothers. Blood samples were obtained for measurement of serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, parathyroid hormone and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels. The mothers were interviewed for their infants feeding intake, sunlight exposure, type of dress, and sunscreen use. Chi-square and t-test were used to compare between groups for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Pearson correlation was used to identify the relationship between serum levels of 25OHD of the infants and other biochemical variables of the infants and serum levels of maternal 25OHD. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with vitamin D status.

Results
The prevalence of VDI in our study infants was high at 28.3%, all of whom were mainly breastfed infants. Subgroup analysis of the mainly breastfed infants found that the risk factors for VDI were maternal VDI and a short duration of sunlight exposure. The serum 25OHD levels of the mainly breastfed infants were significantly positively correlated with the maternal serum 25OHD levels (r = 0.49, p-value < 0.01) and with sunlight exposure duration (r = 0.40, p-value < 0.01).

Conclusions
The prevalence of VDI was high in 6–12-month-old infants, particularly those who were mainly breastfed from VDI mothers, and who had short durations of sunlight exposure. As breast milk contains adequate amounts of most important vitamins and growth factors, breastfeeding is still encouraged for infants with 400 IU vitamin D daily supplementation to prevent VDI.
Temporal associations between depressive features and self-stigma in people with substance use disorders related to heroin, amphetamine, and alcohol use: a cross-lagged analysis
Authors: Saffari Mohsen , Chang Kun-Chia , Chen Jung-Sheng , Chang Ching-Wen , Chen I-Hua , Huang Shih-Wei , Liu Chieh-hsiu , Lin Chung-Ying , Potenza Marc N. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Depression is a mental health problem and substance use concerns are socially unacceptable behaviors. While depression and substance use may individually impact self-concept and social relationships, their co-occurrence can increase the risk of self-stigmatization. However, there is no evidence regarding how depression and self-stigma may influence each other over time. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between features of depression and self-stigma in people with substance use disorders.

Methods
Overall, 319 individuals with substance use disorders (273 males) with a mean (± SD) age of 42.2 (± 8.9) years were recruited from a psychiatric center in Taiwan by convenience sampling. They were assessed for features of depression and self-stigma at four times over a period of nine months using the depression subscale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and Self-Stigma Scale-Short S (SSS-S), respectively. Repeated-measures analyses of variance, Pearson correlations and cross-lagged models using structural equation modeling examined cross-sectional and temporal associations between depression and self-stigma.

Results
Positive cross-sectional associations were found between depressive features and all assessed forms of self-stigma over time (0.13 < r < 0.92). Three models of cross-lagged associations between different forms of self-stigma and depressive features indicated good fit indices (comparative fit index > 0.98). The direction of associations between depressive features towards self-stigma was stronger than the opposite direction.

Conclusion
Positive associations between depressive features and self-stigma were found in people with substance use disorders. Although these associations may be bidirectional longitudinally, the directions from depressive features to self-stigma may be stronger than the reverse directions, suggesting treatment of depression in earlier stages may prevent self-stigmatization and subsequent poor outcomes in people with substance use disorders.
Adverse childhood experiences and deviant behaviors among Chinese rural emerging adults: the role of social support
Authors: Wang Yiqing , Ma Shuang , Jiang Ling , Chen Qinian , Guo Jing , He Huan , Li Pengyang , Gao Tianjiao , Wang Xiaohua 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
ACEs hurt subsequent physical and mental health outcomes. However, still little has been known about the rate of ACEs among rural Chinese emerging adults and the different buffering effects of the three types of social support on different kinds of ACEs. This study described the rate of ACEs among Chinese rural emerging adults, examined the relationship between ACEs and deviant behaviors, and tested the moderating effect of three different sources of perceived social support on this relationship. We hope these results will be helpful in further interventions.

Methods
We used the second wave of a longitudinal survey that included ACEs variables in 2018. A total of 1031 emerging adults aged 18 to 25 participated in the current study.

Results
we found that (1) the rate of abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction was 10.0, 30.0, and 24.9%, respectively among Chinese rural emerging adults; (2) abuse and household dysfunction experience were significantly and positively associated with deviant behaviors; (3) friend support moderated the relationship between three types of ACEs and deviant behaviors. Other support moderated the relationship between abuse/household dysfunction and deviant behaviors.

Conclusions
ACEs could increase the risk of deviant behaviors. Perceived friend support could reduce the negative effect of three types of ACEs. Other support could reduce the negative impact of abuse and household dysfunction. These results suggest that reducing ACEs to make children’s family environments safer and enhancing social support for emerging adults from rural areas are beneficial, which could prevent or reduce their deviant behaviors.
Surgical Apgar score as a predictor of outcomes in patients following laparotomy at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Onen Bruno Chan , Semulimi Andrew Weil , Bongomin Felix , Olum Ronald , Kurigamba Gideon , Mbiine Ronald , Kituuka Olivia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Postoperative complications and mortality following laparotomy have remained high worldwide. Early postoperative risk stratification is essential to improve outcomes and clinical care. The surgical Apgar score (SAS) is a simple and objective bedside prediction tool that can guide a surgeon’s postoperative decision making. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of SAS in predicting outcomes in patients undergoing laparotomy at Mulago hospital.

Method
A prospective observational study was conducted among eligible adult patients undergoing laparotomy at Mulago hospital and followed up for 4 months. We collected data on the patient’s preoperative and intraoperative characteristics. Using the data generated, SAS was calculated, and patients were classified into 3 groups namely: low (8–10), medium (5–7), and high (0–4). Primary outcomes were in-hospital major complications and mortality. Data was presented as proportions or mean (standard deviation) or median (interquartile range) as appropriate. We used inferential statistics to determine the association between the SAS and the primary outcomes while the SAS discriminatory ability was determined from the receiver-operating curve (ROC) analysis.

Results
Of the 151 participants recruited, 103 (68.2%) were male and the mean age was 40.6 ± 15. Overall postoperative in-hospital major complications and mortality rates were 24.2% and 10.6%, respectively. The participants with a high SAS category had an18.4 times risk (95% CI, 1.9–177, p = 0.012) of developing major complications, while those in medium SAS category had 3.9 times risk (95% CI, 1.01–15.26, p = 0.048) of dying. SAS had a fair discriminatory ability for in-hospital major complications and mortality with the area under the curve of 0.75 and 0.77, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of SAS ≤ 6 for major complications were 60.5% and 81.14% respectively, and for death 54.8% and 81.3%, respectively.

Conclusion
SAS of ≤ 6 is associated with an increased risk of major complications and/or mortality. SAS has a high specificity with an overall fair discriminatory ability of predicting the risk of developing in-hospital major complications and/or death following laparotomy.
Effect of different axial speed patterns on cyclic fatigue resistance of rotary nickel-titanium instruments
Authors: Thu Myint , Ebihara Arata , Maki Keiichiro , Nishijo Miki , Kimura Shunsuke , Nakatsukasa Taro , Kyaw Moe Sandar , Okiji Takashi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the effect of pecking motions with faster upward speed on the dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium rotary instruments with different metallurgy.

Methods
Forty each of ProTaper Universal F3 (PTU) and ProTaper Gold F3 (PTG) instruments (size #30/.09) were equally divided into four groups. The test was performed using an 18-mm-long stainless steel artificial canal with a 5-mm radius of curvature, a 45° canal curvature and a 2-mm canal diameter. A downward speed of 100 mm/min was employed, while the upward speed was set at 100, 150, 200 or 300 mm/min. Time to failure (Tf), number of cycles to failure (Nf) and number of pecking motions to failure (Np) were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests for Tf, Nf, and Np (α = 0.05).

Results
The 100/300 mm/min group showed significantly higher Np values than the 100/100 mm/min group (p < 0.05), whereas there were no significant differences in Tf and Nf among the tested speed groups (p < 0.05) in either PTU or PTG. PTG exhibited significantly higher Tf, Nf, and Np than PTU (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Under the tested conditions, the fastest upward speed group showed significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance, as demonstrated by larger Np, than the same speed group. PTG had significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance than PTU in all groups.
Oral Juvenile Xanthogranuloma: a case report of gingival hyperplasia and osteolysis in male adult patient
Authors: Chen Long , Feng Lin , E Lingling 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Juvenile Xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a non-hereditary, self-limiting disease which is usually presented in infancy or early childhood and in males over females.

Case presentation
We report a rare case of oral Juvenile Xanthogranuloma with recurrent progressive gingival hyperplasia and concomitant presentation of osteolysis in a 21-year-old adult male with no significant medical history. Patient presented with generalized gingival hyperplasia, osteolysis of the maxilla and mandible, and a round, firm, nodular mass with clear circumference on the left shoulder. Results of gingival tissue biopsy, karyotype, bone marrow biopsy and immunohistochemistry were suggestive of a diagnosis of Juvenile Xanthogranuloma with no association to hematologic malignancy. Unfortunately, patient declined treatment and elected to be transferred back to local hospital for future evaluation.

Conclusions
Juvenile Xanthogranuloma in adults can have atypical manifestations including generalized gingival hyperplasia and osteolysis of the maxilla and mandible. It should be differentiated between Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Papillon–Lefevre Syndrome, and Pyogenic Granulomas. Despite uncommon incidence, it should be included in differential diagnoses in cases of similar clinical presentations.
Performance of the London Atlas, Willems, and a new quick method for dental age estimation in Chinese Uyghur children
Authors: Lin Yueting , Maimaitiyiming Nuerbiyamu , Sui Meizhi , Abuduxiku Nuerbiya , Tao Jiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Numerous dental age estimation methods have been devised and practised for decades. Among these, the London Atlas and Willems methods were two of the most frequently adopted, however dependent on atlantes or tables. A new estimation method less reliant on external measurement could be efficient and economical.

Aim
This study aimed to evaluate the utility and applicability of the dental age estimation methods of London Atlas, Willems, and a new quick method that subtracts the number of developing teeth from the universal root mature age of 16 years in one of the lower quadrants reported in this work among Chinese Uyghur children.

Methods
A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted. Subjects enrolled in the study were screened according to preset inclusion and exclusion criteria. The observer then obtained the dental age from the subjects’ panoramic radiographs based on the estimated rules of the London Atlas, Willems, and a new quick method. Paired t-test was used to compare the accuracy and precision of the above three estimation methods. Independent-sample t-test was used to find the difference between gender.

Results
Totally, 831 radiographs entered the analyses of this study. Among the three methods evaluated, the Willems method, in particular, showed a distinct underestimated tendency. The mean error of the dental age predicted by the London Atlas, the Willems method, and the quick method was 0.06 ± 1.13 years, 0.44 ± 1.14 years, and 0.30 ± 0.63 years, respectively. The mean absolute error was 0.86 ± 0.75 years according to the London Atlas, 1.17 ± 0.89 years under the Willems method, and 0.70 ± 0.54 years under our quick method. No significant difference was found between the chronological age and dental age using the London Atlas, generally for the 10 to 15 years group (p > 0.05), but our quick method for the 15–16 years children (p < 0.05) and Willems method (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The London Atlas outperformed the Willems method with better accuracy and precision among 10–15 years Chinese Uyghur children. Our new quick method may be comparable to the London Atlas for children aged 10–14 and potentially become a more straightforward dental age prediction instrument.
Scale-up of the DMPA-SC in Nigeria: Why policy matters
Authors: Akinyemi Oluwaseun , Danfakha Nicole , Adefalu Adewole , Easley Ebony , Afolabi Kayode , Latunji Olajimi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Injectable contraceptives have contributed substantially to Nigeria's rise in modern family planning methods usage. They are one of the most commonly used and preferred means of contraception among women in the country. Enabling policies are required to assure contraceptive access, security, and use. This study aimed to investigate the policy environment and how it supports or limits Nigeria's introduction and scale-up of subcutaneous depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-SC).

Methods
The design of this mixed-methods study was cross-sectional. Desk reviews of policy papers, key informant interviews, and in-depth interviews were used to obtain information from respondents about the introduction of DMPA-SC in Nigeria and how existing policies influenced its scale-up. Data on DMPA-SC and other injectables were gathered from Nigeria's national electronic logistics management information system.

Results
The findings suggest that policies such as task-shifting and task-sharing, cost-free policies, reproductive health policies, and others created an enabling environment for the scale-up of DMPA-SC adoption in Nigeria. The inclusion of DMPA-SC on the essential medicines list and the approved patent medicines list facilitated the scale-up process by ensuring private sector participation, removing economic barriers to access, fostering greater collaboration among health worker cadres, improving intersectoral partnerships, and improving logistics and client access. Despite significant anomalies in some implementing policies, injectable contraceptive consumption data demonstrate a progressive increase in DMPA-SC use during the study period. The results also indicate that policy initiatives have a favorable impact on the use of DMPA-SC throughout the country.

Conclusion
The existence of policies, the active participation of stakeholders, and the political will of the Nigerian health system's leadership have all aided in the scaling-up of the DMPA-SC. Understanding how to build an enabling policy climate is critical for providing women with family planning options. These lessons from Nigeria emphasize the importance of these levers, which should be considered by teams intending to introduce innovative health products, particularly in developing countries.