bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable angle sensitive metasurface for multibeam manipulation
Authors: Zhang Yanpeng , Liu Xiaocha , Li Mengxue , Wang Haipeng , Yang Guo‐Min 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn angle sensitive transmission metasurface unit structure is designed in this paper. The metasurface unit presents a good transmission performance for the TE wave incidence, and has a linear phase response with the maximum phase difference up to 180° when the incidence angle changes in the range of −45° and +45°. Moreover, a reconfigurable design of the metasurface unit is realized by loading a varator, and the phase difference is extended to 270° to satisfy the demand of multibit metasurface. Based on the characteristics of angle sensitivity and reconfigurability of the metasurface unit, combined with the control of the varactor and the unit tilt angle, a new 1‐bit digital coding angle sensitive metasurface is proposed. The metasurface has a specification of 20 × 20 and a center frequency of 10 GHz. Both the simulation and measurement show that different transmission is realized for incident waves at different incident angles. It can form different beams, which can be used for multibeam modulation with the same frequency and same polarization.
Wideband differential‐fed metasurface antenna array using characteristic mode analysis
Authors: Huang Chao , Yi Yuan , Ma Xia , Guo Chenjiang , Ding Jun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA wideband differential‐fed (DF) metasurface (MTS) antenna array is proposed in this letter. As the element of the proposed array, a nonuniform MTS is designed step by step using characteristic mode analysis. In the first step, a 2 × 2 rectangular patch‐based MTS is investigated. We observe that its two fundamental modes exhibit even/odd symmetric current distributions, which can be regarded as a pair of c/π modes. Unlike c mode, π mode features nonbroadside radiation, which can be reshaped by modifying MTS to an asymmetric configuration in the second step. In the last step, a direct DF method is adopted to excite c/π modes and suppress other unwanted modes for wideband performance. The optimal DF positions are quantitatively predicted by calculating the impendence bandwidth of MTS fed by virtual probes. Moreover, to further increase the gain and improve the symmetry of radiation patterns, two proposed elements are integrated into a linear array. Finally, the proposed antenna array is fabricated and measured. The measured impedance bandwidth is 22.2% (6–7.5 GHz) with broadside radiation, stable gains varying from 8.5 to 11.3 dBi, and a front‐to‐back ratio better than 19 dB.
Pathology steered stratification network for subtype identification in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Xu Enze , Zhang Jingwen , Li Jiadi , Song Qianqian , Yang Defu , Wu Guorong , Chen Minghan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous, multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by three neurobiological factors beta‐amyloid, pathologic tau, and neurodegeneration. There are no effective treatments for AD at a late stage, urging for early detection and prevention. However, existing statistical inference approaches in neuroimaging studies of AD subtype identification do not take into account the pathological domain knowledge, which could lead to ill‐posed results that are sometimes inconsistent with the essential neurological principles.PurposeIntegrating systems biology modeling with machine learning, the study aims to assist clinical AD prognosis by providing a subpopulation classification in accordance with essential biological principles, neurological patterns, and cognitive symptoms.MethodsWe propose a novel pathology steered stratification network (PSSN) that incorporates established domain knowledge in AD pathology through a reaction‐diffusion model, where we consider non‐linear interactions between major biomarkers and diffusion along the brain structural network. Trained on longitudinal multimodal neuroimaging data, the biological model predicts long‐term evolution trajectories that capture individual characteristic progression pattern, filling in the gaps between sparse imaging data available. A deep predictive neural network is then built to exploit spatiotemporal dynamics, link neurological examinations with clinical profiles, and generate subtype assignment probability on an individual basis. We further identify an evolutionary disease graph to quantify subtype transition probabilities through extensive simulations.ResultsOur stratification achieves superior performance in both inter‐cluster heterogeneity and intra‐cluster homogeneity of various clinical scores. Applying our approach to enriched samples of aging populations, we identify six subtypes spanning AD spectrum, where each subtype exhibits a distinctive biomarker pattern that is consistent with its clinical outcome.ConclusionsThe proposed PSSN (i) reduces neuroimage data to low‐dimensional feature vectors, (ii) combines AT[N]‐Net based on real pathological pathways, (iii) predicts long‐term biomarker trajectories, and (iv) stratifies subjects into fine‐grained subtypes with distinct neurological underpinnings. PSSN provides insights into pre‐symptomatic diagnosis and practical guidance on clinical treatments, which may be further generalized to other neurodegenerative diseases.
Large‐strain consolidation of PVD‐improved soils considering depth‐dependent initial void ratio and initial effective stress due to soil self‐weight
Authors: Tian Yi , Wu Wenbing , Wang Peng , Wang Lixing , Wen Minjie , Jiang Guosheng , Mei Guoxiong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA governing equation for large‐strain consolidation of PVD‐improved soil is developed based on the equivalent elliptical cylindrical model, which accounts for depth‐dependent initial void ratio and initial effective stress induced by soil self‐weight, well resistance with variable discharge capacity, time‐dependent load, and nonlinear variations of compressibility and permeability. Then, a numerical solution is obtained by means of COMSOL Multiphysics and is validated through comparisons with existing solutions and measured data. The parametric studies show that the difference between large‐strain consolidation and small‐strain consolidation reduces with the decreases of the compression index and applied load. Although the soil self‐weight has little effect on the degree of consolidation in some cases, the soil settlement will be significantly overestimated if the self‐weight is ignored. The development of consolidation slowed as the ratio of compressibility over horizontal permeability increased.
Surgical education in urogynecology from low fidelity to virtual reality: Systematic review
Authors: Patel Jill S. , Cyrus John W. , Siff Lauren N. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractImportanceIncrease dissemination of educational tools in urogynecology.ObjectiveDescribe the effectiveness and public availability of published educational tools for urogynecologic surgery.Study designA systematic review was conducted by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from 1946 to 2023 for articles describing educational tools in urogynecology. There were no restrictions on study design or language. Data were extracted in duplicate using a standardized piloted extraction form, and outcomes were combined descriptively.Results2997 titles, 457 abstracts, and 97 full‐text articles were analyzed. Of the 97 interventions included, 43 were manuscripts and 54 were conference abstracts. The median study quality was low, with a moderate risk of bias. Six intervention categories were identified: didactics, animal models, cadavers, static models, extended reality (XR), and multimodal workshops. Didactics were subjectively useful for teaching pelvic anatomy and diseases and improving surgical techniques. If good quality, animal models and cadavers provided visual and tactile learning and assessed performance in real‐time. Animal models were also anatomically realistic and useful at half the cost of cadavers. Static models and XR improved confidence, knowledge, skills, and error rates despite lack of realism and accurate tissue texture in some models and steep learning curve with XR. Only four models were commercially accessible. Most studies did not assess long‐term (>6 months) retention.ConclusionAll educational modalities for urogynecologic surgery are largely realistic and increase participant satisfaction, preparedness, knowledge, skills, and likelihood of use. But only 40% advanced to manuscripts, and even fewer (<5%) were widely available.
Deep learning pipeline for quality filtering of MRSI spectra
Authors: Rakić Mladen , Turco Federico , Weng Guodong , Maes Frederik , Sima Diana M. , Slotboom Johannes 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWith the rise of novel 3D magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) acquisition protocols in clinical practice, which are capable of capturing a large number of spectra from a subject's brain, there is a need for an automated preprocessing pipeline that filters out bad‐quality spectra and identifies contaminated but salvageable spectra prior to the metabolite quantification step. This work introduces such a pipeline based on an ensemble of deep‐learning classifiers. The dataset consists of 36,338 spectra from one healthy subject and five brain tumor patients, acquired with an EPSI variant, which implemented a novel type of spectral editing named SLOtboom–Weng (SLOW) editing on a 7T MR scanner. The spectra were labeled manually by an expert into four classes of spectral quality as follows: (i) noise, (ii) spectra greatly influenced by lipid‐related artifacts (deemed not to contain clinical information), (iii) spectra containing metabolic information slightly contaminated by lipid signals, and (iv) good‐quality spectra.The AI model consists of three pairs of networks, each comprising a convolutional autoencoder and a multilayer perceptron network. In the classification step, the encoding half of the autoencoder is kept as a dimensionality reduction tool, while the fully connected layers are added to its output. Each of the three pairs of networks is trained on different representations of spectra (real, imaginary, or both), aiming at robust decision‐making. The final class is assigned via a majority voting scheme.The F1 scores obtained on the test dataset for the four previously defined classes are 0.96, 0.93, 0.82, and 0.90, respectively. The arguably lower value of 0.82 was reached for the least represented class of spectra mildly influenced by lipids.Not only does the proposed model minimise the required user interaction, but it also greatly reduces the computation time at the metabolite quantification step (by selecting a subset of spectra worth quantifying) and enforces the display of only clinically relevant information.
Frequency‐domain fundamental solutions and boundary element method for consistent couple stress elastodynamic problems
Authors: Lei Jun , Shao Caixia , Zhang Chuanzeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this article, the elastodynamic problems are investigated within the framework of a consistent couple‐stress theory (CCST). The basic equations for the CCST elastodynamic problems are derived at first. These dynamic formulas are then analyzed in the frequency domain by the Fourier transform. The frequency‐domain fundamental solutions to the transformed elastodynamic problems are subsequently derived for the two‐dimensional (2D) plane‐strain state. Based on the fundamental solutions and the elastodynamic reciprocal theorem, the frequency‐domain boundary integral equations (BIEs) are established. Then, the BIEs are numerically solved by a collocation method in conjunction with analytical and numerical treatments of the arising singular integrals. To obtain the time‐domain dynamic responses, an exponential window method (EWM) is adopted to transform the frequency‐domain results to the time‐domain solutions. By using the developed boundary element method (BEM), several typical couple‐stress elastodynamic problems are numerically investigated and the size‐effects are studied by using different values of the length‐scale parameter in the CCST. Good agreements between the results obtained by the developed BEM for a tiny length‐scale parameter and the corresponding classical BEM results or analytical solutions are achieved, which validates the high accuracy of the present BEM.
Optimization of Subglottic View During Flexible Laryngoscopy With Patient Positioning
Authors: Highland Julie , Torrecillas Vanessa , Redding Taylor , Bixby Billie , Iravani Aidin , Haller Travis , Firpo Matthew , Nouraei Reza , Smith Marshall 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveDetermine the ideal head position to optimize visualization of the subglottis using flexible laryngoscopy.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingOutpatient multidisciplinary airway clinic at a tertiary care center.MethodsPatients presenting to a multidisciplinary airway clinic undergoing nasoendoscopic airway examination were enrolled. Three head positions were utilized to examine the subglottis during laryngoscopy: “sniffing,” chin tuck, and stooping positions. In‐office reviewers and blinded clinician participants evaluated views of the airway based on Cormack‐Lehane (CL) scale, airway grade (AG), and visual analog scale (VAS). Demographic data were obtained. Statistical analysis compared head positions and demographic data using Student's t test, analysis of variance, and Tukey's post hoc analysis.ResultsOne hundred patients participated. No statistical differences existed among in‐clinic or blinded reviewers for the CL score in any head position (p = .35, .5, respectively). For both AG and VAS, flexed and stooping positions were rated higher than the sniffing positions by both in‐clinic and blinded reviewers (p < .01 for all analyses), but there was no statistical difference between these two positions (p = .28, .18, respectively). There was an inverse correlation between age and scores for AG and VAS in the flexed position for both sets of reviewers (p = .02, <.01 respectively), and a higher body mass index was significantly associated with the need to perform tracheoscopy for full airway evaluation (p < .01).ConclusionBoth flexion and stoop postures can be implemented by an experienced endoscopist in awake, transnasal flexible laryngoscopy to enhance visualization of the subglottic airway.
Exploring the effects of thermal aging on scratch resistance of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials: A comprehensive study
Authors: Demircioğlu Bulçak Tuğçe , Bora Mustafa Özgür , Fidan Sinan , Yarar Eser , Akagündüz Eyüp 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the scratch behavior of carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs) under thermal aging conditions. Scratch depth was analyzed with respect to three parameters: velocity, thermal cycle, and direction of the scratch. The results showed that thermal aging has a significant effect on the scratch behavior of CFRCs, with an increase in thermal cycle leading to an increase in scratch depth. The scratch depth was also found to be greater in the weft direction compared to the warp direction, which can be attributed to the difference in fiber arrangement and orientation in the CFRC material. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to investigate the effect of thermal aging on the scratch behavior of CFRCs. The ANOVA results revealed that the direction of the scratch has a significant effect on scratch depth, with the weft direction showing greater scratch depth compared to the warp direction. The surface roughness of CFRCs was analyzed under thermal aging conditions and with an increase in thermal cycle leading to an increase in surface roughness. The roughness values were found to be higher in the weft direction compared to the warp direction, which can be attributed to the difference in fiber arrangement and orientation in the CFRC material.
Phytochemical profile of petals from black Dahlia pinnata by flow injection analysis–electrospray ionization–Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Granados‐Balbuena Sulem Yali , Díaz‐Pacheco Adrian , García‐Meza María Guadalupe , Tapia‐López Lilia , Cruz‐Narváez Yair , Ocaranza‐Sánchez Erik 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionDahlia pinnata Cav. is a flower native to Mexico that has many applications; in particular, its petals have been used for ornamental, food, and medicinal purposes, for example to treat skin rashes and skin cracks. It has been reported that the medicinal properties of plants are generally related to the phytochemical constituents they possess. However, there are few studies on black D. pinnata.ObjectivesThe present study was aimed at qualitatively and quantitatively determining the phytochemical profile of petals from black D. pinnata.MethodologyPhytochemicals from Dahlia petals were extracted by consecutive maceration (hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol); then, the extracts were analyzed through colorimetric assays and UV–Vis spectroscopy for qualitative identification and quantification of phytochemical compounds, respectively. The methanolic extract was analyzed by flow injection analysis–electrospray ionization–Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FIA‐ESI‐FTICR‐MS) in negative and positive mode.ResultsQuantitative phytochemical profiling of the methanolic extract by UV–Vis spectroscopy indicated high contents of phenolic compounds (34.35 ± 3.59 mg EQ/g plant) and sugars (23.91 ± 1.99 mg EQ/g plant), while the qualitative profiling by FIA‐ESI‐FTICR‐MS allowed the tentative identification of several flavonoids and phenolic acids. Kaempferol‐3‐rutinoside, pelargonidin‐3‐(6″‐malonylglucoside)‐5‐glucoside, rutin, kaempferol‐3‐(2″,3″‐diacetyl‐4″‐p‐coumaroylrhamnoside), and myricetin‐3‐(2‴‐galloylrhamnoside) were the main compounds detected.ConclusionThe results expand our knowledge of the phytochemical constituents of petals from black D. pinnata.
Review of anticoagulation considerations in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support
Authors: Graboyes Sydney D. T. , Owen Phillip S. , Evans Rickey A. , Berei Theodore J. , Hryniewicz Katarzyna M. , Hollis Ian B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSince its first success in 1975, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used with increasing frequency for pulmonary and cardiopulmonary bypass. Use in adults has increased exponentially since the early 2000s, but despite thousands of international cannulations using both veno‐arterial (VA) and veno‐venous (VV) ECMO, there are still significant hemocompatibility‐related adverse events. Current management of anticoagulation has been based on the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization guidance published in 2014 with recent updates published in 2022. Despite this guidance, there is still limited international consensus on how to manage anticoagulation in ECMO. For this review, we completed a comprehensive search of multiple electronic databases to identify studies pertaining to anticoagulation of adult patients on VV or VA‐ECMO. The highest priority was given to sources that were prospective, randomized, controlled studies, but in the absence of such resources, observational studies, retrospective uncontrolled studies, and case series/reports were considered for inclusion. This document serves to provide a comprehensive review of the current understanding of management pertaining to anticoagulation relating to ECMO.
Melittin inhibits tumor cell migration and enhances cisplatin sensitivity by suppressing IL‐17 signaling pathway gene LCN2 in castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Yan Rucheng , Dai Weiwei , Mao Yuanshen , Yu Guopeng , Li Wenfeng , Shu Minfeng , Xu Bin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundMelittin is a small molecule polypeptide extracted from the abdominal cavity of bees, which is used to treat inflammatory diseases and relieve pain. However, the antitumor effect of melittin and its mechanisms remain unclear, especially in castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).MethodsThrough CCK‐8 assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay and Transwell migration assay, we explored the effect of melittin on CRPC cell lines. In addition, with microarray analysis, gene ontology analysis and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis, this study identified key genes and signaling pathways that influence the growth of PC‐3 cells. Meanwhile, the effect of melittin on CRPC was also verified through subcutaneous tumor formation experiments. Finally, we also tested the relevant indicators of human prostate cancer (PCa) specimens through immunohistochemistry and H＆E stating.ResultsHere, melittin was verified to inhibit the cell proliferation and migration of CPRC. Moreover, RNA‐sequence analysis demonstrated that Interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) signaling pathway gene Lipocalin‐2 (LCN2) was downregulated by melittin treatment in CRPC. Further investigation revealed that overexpression of LCN2 was able to rescue tumor suppression and cisplatin sensitivity which melittin mediated. Interestingly, the expression of LCN2 is highly related to metastasis in PCa.ConclusionsIn brief, our study indicates that LCN2 plays an oncogenic role in CRPC and melittin may be selected as an attractive candidate for CRPC therapy.
Conserved functions of prion candidates suggest a primeval role of protein self‐templating
Authors: Zajkowski Tomasz , Lee Michael D. , Sharma Siddhant , Vallota‐Eastman Alec , Kuska Mikołaj , Malczewska Małgorzata , Rothschild Lynn J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAmyloid‐based prions have simple structures, a wide phylogenetic distribution, and a plethora of functions in contemporary organisms, suggesting they may be an ancient phenomenon. However, this hypothesis has yet to be addressed with a systematic, computational, and experimental approach. Here we present a framework to help guide future experimental verification of candidate prions with conserved functions to understand their role in the early stages of evolution and potentially in the origins of life. We identified candidate prions in all high‐quality proteomes available in UniProt computationally, assessed their phylogenomic distributions, and analyzed candidate‐prion functional annotations. Of the 27 980 560 proteins scanned, 228 561 were identified as candidate prions (~0.82%). Among these candidates, there were 84 Gene Ontology (GO) terms conserved across the three domains of life. We found that candidate prions with a possible role in adaptation were particularly well‐represented within this group. We discuss unifying features of candidate prions to elucidate the primeval roles of prions and their associated functions. Candidate prions annotated as transcription factors, DNA binding, and kinases are particularly well suited to generating diverse responses to changes in their environment and could allow for adaptation and population expansion into more diverse environments. We hypothesized that a relationship between these functions and candidate prions could be evolutionarily ancient, even if individual prion domains themselves are not evolutionarily conserved. Candidate prions annotated with these universally occurring functions potentially represent the oldest extant prions on Earth and are therefore excellent experimental targets.