bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-cell DNA replication dynamics in genomically unstable cancers
Authors: Weiner Adam C. , Williams Marc J. , Shi Hongyu , Vázquez-García Ignacio , Salehi Sohrab , Rusk Nicole , Aparicio Samuel , Shah Sohrab P. , McPherson Andrew 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDysregulated DNA replication is both a cause and a consequence of aneuploidy, yet the dynamics of DNA replication in aneuploid cell populations remains understudied. We developed a new method, PERT, for inferring cell-specific DNA replication states from single-cell whole genome sequencing, and investigated clone-specific DNA replication dynamics in >50,000 cells obtained from a collection of aneuploid and clonally heterogeneous cell lines, xenografts and primary cancer tissues. Clone replication timing (RT) profiles correlated with future copy number changes in serially passaged cell lines. Cell type was the strongest determinant of RT heterogeneity, while whole genome doubling and mutational process were associated with accumulation of late S-phase cells and weaker RT associations. Copy number changes affecting chromosome X had striking impact on RT, with loss of the inactive X allele shifting replication earlier, and loss of inactive Xq resulting in reactivation of Xp. Finally, analysis of time series xenografts illustrate how cell cycle distributions approximate clone proliferation, recapitulating expected relationships between proliferation and fitness in treatment-naive and chemotherapeutic contexts.
Methylome-dependent transformation ofemm1 group A streptococci
Authors: Alves Joana , Rand Joshua D , Johnston Alix BE , Bowen Connor , Lynskey Nicola N 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGenetic intractability presents a fundamental barrier to the manipulation of bacteria, hindering advancements in microbiological research. Group AStreptococcus(GAS), a lethal human pathogen currently associated with an unprecedented surge of infections world-wide, exhibits poor genetic tractability attributed to the activity of a conserved type 1 restriction modification system (RMS). RMS detect and cleave specific target sequences in foreign DNA that are protected in host DNA by sequence-specific methylation. Overcoming this “restriction barrier” thus presents a major technical challenge. Here we demonstrate for the first time that different RMS variants expressed by GAS give rise to genotype-specific and methylome-dependent variation in transformation efficiency. Further, we show that the magnitude of impact of methylation on transformation efficiency elicited by RMS variant TRDAG, encoded by all sequenced strains of the dominant and upsurge-associatedemm1 genotype, is 100-fold greater than for all other TRD tested and is responsible for the poor transformation efficiency associated with this lineage. In dissecting the underlying mechanism, we developed an improved GAS transformation protocol whereby the restriction barrier is overcome by addition of the phage anti-restriction protein Ocr. This protocol is highly effective for TRDAGstrains including clinical isolates representing allemm1 lineages, and will expedite critical research interrogating the genetics ofemm1 GAS, negating the need to work in an RMS-negative background. These findings provide a striking example of the impact of RMS target sequence variation on bacterial transformation, and the importance of defining lineage-specific mechanisms of genetic recalcitrance.ImportanceUnderstanding the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens are able to cause disease is essential to enable the targeted development of novel therapeutics. A key experimental approach to facilitate this research is the generation of bacterial mutants, through either specific gene deletions or sequence manipulation. This process relies on the ability to transform bacteria with exogenous DNA designed to generate the desired sequence changes. Bacteria have naturally developed protective mechanisms to detect and destroy invading DNA, and these systems severely impede the genetic manipulation of many important pathogens, including the lethal human pathogen group AStreptococcus(GAS). Many GAS lineages exist, of whichemm1 is dominant among clinical isolates. Based on new experimental evidence, we identify the mechanism by which transformation is impaired in theemm1 lineage and establish an improved and highly efficient transformation protocol to expedite the generation of mutants.
Structure of reverse gyrase with a minimal latch that supports ATP-dependent positive supercoiling without specific interactions with the topoisomerase domain
Authors: Mhaindarkar Vaibhav P. , Rasche René , Kümmel Daniel , Rudolph Markus G. , Klostermeier Dagmar 
Published: April 2023

Reverse gyrase is the only topoisomerase that introduces positive supercoils into DNA in an ATP-dependent reaction. Positive DNA supercoiling becomes possible through the functional cooperation of the N-terminal helicase domain of reverse gyrase with its C-terminal type IA topoisomerase domain. This cooperation is mediated by a reverse-gyrase-specific insertion into the helicase domain termed the `latch'. The latch consists of a globular domain inserted at the top of a β-bulge loop that connects this globular part to the helicase domain. While the globular domain shows little conservation in sequence and length and is dispensable for DNA supercoiling, the β-bulge loop is required for supercoiling activity. It has previously been shown that the β-bulge loop constitutes a minimal latch that couples ATP-dependent processes in the helicase domain to DNA processing by the topoisomerase domain. Here, the crystal structure of Thermotoga maritima reverse gyrase with such a β-bulge loop as a minimal latch is reported. It is shown that the β-bulge loop supports ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling of reverse gyrase without engaging in specific interactions with the topoisomerase domain. When only a small latch or no latch is present, a helix in the nearby helicase domain of T. maritima reverse gyrase partially unfolds. Comparison of the sequences and predicted structures of latch regions in other reverse gyrases shows that neither sequence nor structure are decisive factors for latch functionality; instead, the decisive factors are likely to be electrostatics and plain steric bulk.
Examining the relationship of age with fears among adolescents and young adults with and without intellectual disabilities
Authors: Barnard-Brak Lucy , Mutua Kagendo , Burnham Joy 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to examine for differences in potentially productive fear versus all other fear scores comparing adolescents and young adults with intellectual disabilities versus their typically developing peers without intellectual disabilities while statistically controlling for chronological age.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors examined for differences in potentially productive fear scores versus all fear scores comparing adolescents and young adults with intellectual disabilities versus their typically developing peers without intellectual disabilities.

Findings
Results of the current study highlight the importance of examining and statistically acknowledging the form of the relationship between age and fear. As previous research has indicated the relationship of age with fear, this form of the relationship should be acknowledged in subsequent analyses. Results also present a conceptualization of fear with some fears being considered as potentially productive fears as it relates to independent living.

Research limitations/implications
As previous research has indicated the relationship of age with fear, this form of the relationship should be acknowledged in subsequent analyses. Finally, results present a conceptualization of fear with some fears being considered as potentially productive fears as it relates to independent living as an outcome.

Practical implications
The current study presents a conceptualization of fear with some fears being considered as potentially productive fears as it relates to independent living as an outcome.

Originality/value
Results support that potentially productive fears can be considered fears that can be used to promote learning that leads to independent living outcomes such as safety and security.
Fluid flow and heat transfer in carotid sinuses of different sizes and locations in an open surgery: CFD vs FSI
Authors: Hu Yajing , Li Botong , Si Xinhui , Zhu Jing , Meng Linyu 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
Atherosclerosis tends to occur in the distinctive carotid sinus, leading to vascular stenosis and then causing death. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of sinus sizes, positions and hematocrit on blood flow dynamics and heat transfer by different numerical approaches.

Design/methodology/approach
The fluid flow and heat transfer in the carotid artery with three different sinus sizes, three different sinus locations and four different hematocrits are studied by both computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and fluid-structure interaction (FSI) methods. An ideal geometric model and temperature-dependent non-Newtonian viscosity are adopted, while the wall heat flux concerning convection, radiation and evaporation is used.

Findings
With increasing sinus size, the average velocity and temperature of the blood fluid decrease, and the area of time average wall shear stress (TAWSS)with small values decreases. As the distances between sinuses and bifurcation points increase, the average temperature and the maximum TAWSS decrease. Atherosclerosis is more likely to develop when the sinuses are enlarged, when the sinuses are far from bifurcation points, or when the hematocrit is relatively large or small. The probability of thrombosis forming and developing becomes larger when the sinus becomes larger and the hematocrit is small enough. The movement of the arterial wall obviously reduces the velocity of blood flow, blood temperature and WSS. This study also suggests that the elastic role of arterial walls cannot be ignored.

Originality/value
The hemodynamics of the internal carotid artery sinus in a carotid artery with a bifurcation structure have been investigated thoroughly, on which the impacts of many factors have been considered, including the non-Newtonian behavior of blood and empirical boundary conditions. The results when the FSI is considered and absent are compared.
Harmonious passion and procrastination: an exploration based on actor–partner interdependence model
Authors: Zhang Zhenduo , Shen Yifei , Yang Mengxi , Zheng Junwei 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
Considering the potential economic losses this might bring about, researchers have begun to explore ways to mitigate procrastination. Drawing on the job demands-resources model and the spillover-crossover model, this study aims to investigate the association between harmonious passion and procrastination at the intra- and interpersonal levels.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a two-wave multisource questionnaire survey to acquire 256 cases nested in 128 coworker dyads from two hotels in Shanghai. Multilevel analysis and the actor–partner interdependence model were adopted to examine the hypotheses.

Findings
The results indicate that employees’ harmonious passion is indirectly negatively associated with procrastination (i.e., cyberslacking and soldiering) through workplace well-being at the intrapersonal level; employees’ harmonious passion is indirectly negatively associated with their coworkers’ procrastination (i.e., cyberslacking and soldiering) through the coworkers’ workplace well-being; and the crossover influence of employees’ harmonious passion on coworkers’ workplace well-being is contingent upon interpersonal conflict at the dyadic level, such that the crossover influence is stronger in condition of low rather than high interpersonal conflict.

Practical implications
Hotels are suggested to provide training programs to employees for enhancing their capabilities to maintain harmonious passion and promote their communication skills to decrease the likelihood to experience interpersonal conflict.

Originality/value
This study offers a comprehensive insight into the association between harmonious passion and procrastination in hospitality employees, which extends the understanding of the outcomes of harmonious passion and the profit of harmonious passion at the interpersonal level.
Supply chain agility as the antecedent to firm sustainability in the post COVID-19
Authors: Wang Michael , Wang Bin (Bill) 
Published: April 2023

PurposeCOVID-19 has caused critical supply chain problems, especially in sustainable supply chain management, but very few empirical studies have been explored how to improve the firm sustainability through supply chain endeavours such as supply chain agility to manage the impacts of COVID-19. This paper aims to develop a model to incorporate supply chain agility and supply chain relationships that link firm sustainability to mitigate the impacts of the pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted an online survey and collected 203 valid responses from businesses in the United Arab Emirates, and employed an exploratory factor analysis, mediated regression analysis and structural equation modelling methodology to test the models and hypotheses.FindingsThe authors find that the adoption of supply chain agility can improve supply chain relationships and positively impact sustainability. Meanwhile, supply chain relationships partially mediate the relationship between supply chain agility and sustainability. In addition, sustainability mitigates the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on supply chains.Originality/valueThe results provide fruitful insights and implications for the challenges and uncertainties caused by the pandemic post COVID-19 and provide several directions for further research.
The impact of COVID-19 on work from home of ethnic groups in the USA: evidence from time-use data
Authors: Hoxhaj Rezart , Miti Florian 
Published: April 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on participation and time allocated to work from home (WFH) by ethnic/racial group.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employ USA time-use data [American Time Use Survey (ATUS)] for the 2017–2020 period and a parametric approach in their analysis.FindingsEstimates show that the time allocated to WFH increased during COVID-19, especially for women. This increase is likely driven by more workers shifting to WFH (higher participation) rather than by longer hours worked by those who already teleworked. The authors also find relevant differences in the impact of COVID-19 on WFH by ethnic/racial group. Among ethnic/racial groups, only Asians increased WFH compared to White Americans. Within this ethnic group, the authors find significant differences across genders. Asian men increased participation in WFH, whereas Asian women increased both participation and hours worked, compared to White American women. Differences in this racial/ethnic group could be explained by previous research, which demonstrates a higher ability of Asians to perform job tasks remotely. However, this finding could also be attributed to an increase in discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the recent and limited literature exploring the heterogeneous impact of COVID-19 on participation and time allocated to WFH by ethnic/racial group. Understanding the mechanisms driving vulnerable populations' abilities to work during socioeconomic downturns is of high policy importance.
COVID-19 uncertainty, pandemic management strategy, management control and public health performance
Authors: Nartey Edward 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
Although the use of management control systems (MCS) in crisis management has received extensive attention, limited knowledge exists regarding the benefits of the broad scope, timeliness, integration and aggregation dimensions. This study aims at examining the performance implications of the context-structure combinations of pandemic management strategy (PMS), MCS use and pandemic-induced uncertainty of public health institutions (PHIs) in Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected using online survey questionnaire where 246 public health managers qualified for the study. Data were analyzed using covariance-based structural equations modeling (version 23).

Findings
PMS was found to have a significant and positive impact on three (broad scope, timeliness and aggregation) of the four dimensions. The integrated dimension was statistically insignificant. In addition, the three dimensions had a significant impact on top managers’ satisfaction with MCS use, which in turn impact on cost containment and quality of care. Finally, COVID-19 uncertainty moderated the relationship between MCS use and operational performance.

Practical implications
The three dimensions of broad scope, timeliness and aggregation are critical for PHIs when it comes to crisis management. Moreover, the presence of pandemics strengthens the relationship between top manager use of MCS and performance in health care. More sophisticated MCS information is required when managing pandemic-related crisis by PHIs.

Originality/value
This study presents a theoretical framework that integrates PMS, MCS use and performance of public health care from a contingency perspective. It extends the benefits of contingency theory to include the three dimensions of MCS with respect to crisis management.
Environmental filtering drives biodiversity–spatial stability relationships in a large temperate forest region
Authors: Lin Senxuan , Qiao Xuetao , Geng Yan , Fan Chunyu , Zhang Chunyu , Zhao Xiuhai , von Gadow Klaus 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The assumption that greater biodiversity enhances ecosystem stability, commonly known as ‘portfolio effect’, has attracted considerable research attention. However, the potential portfolio effects on spatial stability (the similarity of ecosystem functioning among forest communities) are still poorly examined especially at different spatial scales and under varying environmental stress conditions. Accordingly, this study investigates the biodiversity–spatial stability relationship among regional communities across different spatial scales and environmental conditions in a temperate forest region.

We define spatial stability as the invariability of the productivity of woody plants among plots within a regional community. To test spatial stability, the N closest plots to a given plot were aggregated to form regional communities representing different spatial scales. Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate how biodiversity (including taxonomic [TD] and phylogenetic diversity [PD]) increases spatial stability via species asynchrony and/or population stability across spatial scales. Hierarchical Bayesian modelling was used to evaluate the environmental dependence of the portfolio effects on spatial stability.

TD and PD both increased the spatial stability by increasing asynchrony, but decreased population stability. The portfolio effect of TD on spatial stability became stronger and reached saturation at the intermediate scale and then decreased as regional communities became larger. The portfolio effects of TD were weaker under the stressful conditions of drought, high precipitation seasonality and high elevation but unchanged across temperature seasonality and human disturbance. PD showed no discernable effect on spatial stability and did not change across spatial scale and environmental condition.

Our results suggest that the positive effect of biodiversity on species asynchrony overcomes the negative biodiversity effect on population stability to buffer the spatial change in productivity in diverse communities. Future research of the biodiversity–spatial stability relationship may thus benefit from incorporating different spatial scales and environmental conditions into the analysis.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Pharmacoepidemiology and costs of medications dispensed during pregnancy: A retrospective population‐based study
Authors: Jackson Hannah , Grzeskowiak Luke E. , Enticott Joanne , Callander Emily 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the pharmacoepidemiology and costs associated with medications dispensed during pregnancy.DesignPharmacoepidemiological study and cost analysis.SettingQueensland, Australia.PopulationAll women who gave birth in Queensland between January 2013 and June 2018.MethodsWe used a whole‐of‐population linked administrative dataset, Maternity1000, to describe medications approved for public subsidy that were dispensed to 255 408 pregnant women. We describe the volume of medications dispensed and their associated costs from a Government and patient perspective.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of medication use; proportion of total dispensings; total medication costs in AUD 2020/21 ($1AUD = $0.67USD/£0.55GBP in December 2022).ResultsDuring pregnancy, 61% (95% CI 60.96–61.29%) of women were dispensed at least one medication approved for public subsidy. The mean number of items dispensed per pregnancy increased from 2.14 (95% CI 2.11–2.17) in 2013 to 2.47 (95% CI 2.44–2.51) in 2017; an increase of 15%. Furthermore, mean Government cost per dispensing increased by 41% from $21.60 (95% CI $20.99–$22.20) in 2013 to $30.44 (95% CI $29.38–$31.49) in 2017. These factors influenced the 53% increase in total Government expenditure observed for medication use during pregnancy between 2013 and 2017 ($2,834,227 versus $4,324,377); a disproportionate rise compared with the 17% rise in women's total out‐of‐pocket expenses observed over the same timeframe ($1,880,961 versus $2,204,415).ConclusionsPrevalence of medication use in pregnancy is rising and is associated with disproportionate and rapidly escalating cost implications for the Government.
Management and outcomes of pulmonary artery hypertension and Eisenmenger syndrome during pregnancy: a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Jha Nivedita , Divya Mecheril Balachandran , Jha Ajay Kumar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesMaternal‐fetal morbidity and mortality among pregnant women with pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) and Eisenmenger syndrome are unacceptable, and management decision‐making in these clinical scenarios remains debatable. This study aimed to compare and analyse clinical characteristics, management and pregnancy outcomes in PAH and Eisenmenger syndrome.DesignProspective observational cohort study.SettingsA large tertiary care university hospital.PatientsThirty patients with pulmonary artery hypertension and 20 patients with Eisenmenger syndrome.MethodsData pertaining to clinical characteristics, anaesthetic, medical and obstetric management, and outcomes in pregnancy complicated by PAH and Eisenmenger syndrome were collected between July 2020 and June 2022. Each treating unit followed its management protocol in consultation with the multidisciplinary team.Main outcome measuresMaternal mortality and morbidity.ResultsMaternal mortality was lower in the PAH group (6.6% versus 15%; p = 0.33). All mortalities were in the postpartum period. The incidence of new‐onset or exacerbation of heart failure (23.3% versus 60%; p = 0.009) and hypoxaemia (13.3% versus 50%; p = 0.005) were significantly lower in the PAH group. In the Eisenmenger syndrome group, a significantly higher number of women received pulmonary hypertension and heart failure medications. Prematurity and neonatal intensive care unit admission were frequently noticed in Eisenmenger syndrome, whereas perinatal mortality, birthweight and APGAR score were comparable.ConclusionsFetomaternal outcomes are inferior in Eisenmenger syndrome compared with PAH and are either lower or comparable to those reported from contemporary cohorts of developed nations.