bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the utility of a two‐assay serological algorithm for hepatitis C screening in a low prevalence population
Authors: Rogers Kai J. , Halvorson Tracy S. , Krasowski Matthew D. , Merrill Anna E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionScreening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is performed by testing for anti‐HCV antibodies, which may yield false‐positive results leading to additional testing and other downstream consequences for the patient. We report our experience in a low prevalence population (<0.05%) using a two‐assay algorithm aimed at testing specimens with borderline or weak positive anti‐HCV reactivity in the screening assay by a second anti‐HCV assay prior to confirming positive anti‐HCV results with RT‐PCR.Materials and MethodsRetrospective analysis of 58,908 plasma samples was obtained over a 5‐year period. Samples were initially tested using the Elecsys Anti‐HCV II assay (Roche Diagnostics), with borderline or weakly positive results (defined in our algorithm as a Roche cutoff index of 0.9–19.99) reflexively analyzed using the Architect Anti‐HCV assay (Abbott Diagnostics). The Abbott anti‐HCV results dictated the final anti‐HCV interpretation for reflexed samples.ResultsOur testing algorithm resulted in 180 samples requiring second‐line testing, with final anti‐HCV results interpreted as 9% positive, 87% negative, and 4% indeterminate. The positive predictive value (PPV) of a weakly positive Roche result was 12%, which was significantly lower than the PPV using our two‐assay approach (65%).ConclusionsThe incorporation of a two‐assay serological testing algorithm in a low prevalence population provides a cost‐effective method of improving the PPV of HCV screening in specimens with borderline or weakly positive anti‐HCV results.
Hydrochloric‐acid‐induced hydrothermally pretreated ultrathin C3N4 nanosheets for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Guan Peng , Yin Hang , Han Peigeng , Liu Jianyong , Yang Songqiu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDC3N4 nanosheets with a layered structure have attracted significant interest in the field of photocatalysis. However, direct preparation of these nanosheets remains a significant challenge.RESULTSIn this study, highly active C3N4 nanosheets were fabricated via the direct thermal polymerization of melamine supramolecular aggregates obtained using hydrochloric‐acid‐induced hydrothermal pretreatment. Various methods were adopted to characterize the photocatalytic materials obtained and density functional theory calculations were performed to understand the highly efficient nature of C3N4. The structures and photochemistry of the photocatalytic materials depend on the hydrochloric‐acid‐induced hydrothermal pretreatment method. It was found that C3N4‐180‐H nanosheets have numerous (C)2N–H that are conducive to photogenerated electron–hole separation. In addition, the C3N4‐180‐H nanosheets have a large surface area and a short charge‐carrier diffusion distance. Furthermore, the C3N4‐180‐H nanosheets exhibited a longer excitation‐state charge‐carrier lifetime than bulk C3N4. The as‐prepared C3N4‐180‐H nanosheets with unique structural advantages showed superior photocatalytic H2 evolution performance (413 μmol h−1 g−1) compared to that of bulk C3N4 (90.5 μmol h−1 g−1).CONCLUSIONThis study offers a feasible and simple method for synthesizing C3N4 nanosheets and developing an excellent 2D photocatalyst for superior solar‐to‐H2 production. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Integration and viral oncogene expression of human papillomavirus type 16 in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cancer
Authors: Xu Qiang , Dong Haoru , Wang Zhiyu , Zhang Pei , Albers Andreas E. , Kaufmann Andreas M. , Zheng Zhi‐Ming , Qian Xu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPersistent high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) infections cause cervical cancer and a fraction of head and neck cancer. To investigate whether HR‐HPV infection might be also involved in the development of gastric cancer (GC), we developed a platform utilizing a rolling circle amplification (RCA)‐based nested L1 polymerase chain reaction with Sanger sequencing to genotype the HPV DNA in cancer tissues of 361 GC and 89 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC). HPV transcriptional activity was determined by E6/E7 mRNA expression and a 3’ rapid amplification of cDNA ends was performed to identify HPV integration and expression of virus−host fusion transcripts. Ten of 361 GC, 2 of 89 OPSCC, and 1 of 22 normal adjacent tissues were HPV L1 DNA‐positive. Five of the 10 HPV‐positive GC were genotyped as HPV16 by sequencing and 1 of 2 GC with RCA/nested HPV16 E6/E7 DNA detection exhibited HPV16 E6/E7 mRNA. Two OPSCC displayed HPV16 L1 DNA and E6/E7 mRNA, of which 1 OPSCC tissue showed virus−host RNA fusion transcripts from an intron region of KIAA0825 gene. Together, our data reveal viral oncogene expression and/or integration in GC and OPSCC and a possible etiology role of HPV infections in gastric carcinogenesis.
Impact of nodal status in determining multimodal treatment strategies in non‐cardia gastric cancer
Authors: Ajay Pranay S. , Sok Caitlin P. , Goyal Subir , Switchenko Jeffery M. , Maegawa Felipe B. , Gillespie Theresa W. , Paulos Chrystal M. , Lesinski Gregory B. , Kooby David A. , Kennedy Timothy J. , Shah Mihir M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with resectable noncardia gastric cancer may be subjected to perioperative chemotherapy (PEC), postoperative chemoradiation (POCR), or postoperative chemotherapy (POC). We analyzed these treatment strategies to determine optimal therapy based on nodal status.MethodThe National Cancer Database was used to identify patients with resected noncardia gastric cancer (2004–2016). Patients were stratified based on clinical nodal status–negative (cLN−), positive (cLN+) and pathological nodal status (pLN−, pLN+). In cLN− patients who underwent upfront resection and were upstaged to pLN+, POC, and POCR were compared. Overall survival (OS) with PEC, POCR, and POC were compared in cLN− and cLN+.ResultsWe identified 6142 patients (cLN−: 3831; cLN+: 2311). In cLN− patients who underwent upfront resection (N = 3423), 69% were upstaged to pLN+ disease (N = 2499; POCR = 1796, POC = 703). On MVA, POCR was associated with significantly improved OS when compared to POC (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.75; p < 0.001).In patients with cLN− disease (PEC = 408; POCR = 2439; POC = 984), PEC(HR: 0.77; p = 0.01) and POCR(HR: 0.81; p < 0.001) were associated with improved OS compared with POC. In cLN+ group (PEC = 452; POCR = 1284; POC = 575), POCR was associated with improved OS compared with POC (HR: 0.81; p < 0.01), and trend towards improved OS was noted when PEC(HR: 0.83; p = 0.055) was compared with POC.ConclusionPostoperative chemoradiation may be the preferred treatment strategy over postoperative chemotherapy in non‐cardia gastric cancer patients who receive upfront resection and are upstaged from clinically node negative to pathologically node positive disease.
Blickpunkt Synthese: Atome einbauen, tauschen und entfernen
Authors: Weitzel Milan , Simeth Nadja A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAtome und Bindungen genauso leicht wie auf dem Papier ins Molekül einbauen, ersetzen oder entfernen – davon träumt die organische Synthesechemie. Anders als viele klassische Reaktionen um den molekularen Grundkörper herum modifiziert „Skeletal Editing“ das Molekülgerüst selbst. Neue Reaktionen überführen mehr Substrate unter milden Bedingungen in gerüsteditierte Produkte.
Bilanz Lanxess 2022: Mehr Zusatzstoffe, weniger Kunststoffe
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUmsatz und Ergebnis des Kölner Spezialchemiekonzerns Lanxess sind im Jahr 2022 gestiegen. Das Unternehmen hat sein Aromastoffgeschäft erweitert und das mit technischen Polymeren verkauft.
Bilanz Borealis 2022: Mehr Olefine, weniger Pflanzennährstoffe
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBorealis erreichte im Jahr 2022 einen Nettogewinn von 2,1 Mrd. Euro, den höchsten der Unternehmensgeschichte. Zudem war der Umsatz höher als in den Jahren zuvor.
Abschluss der fünften Runde des CheMento‐Programms
Authors: Pereira Jaé Angela 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAnfang 2022 ist zum fünften Mal das GDCh‐Mentoringprogramm CheMento gestartet. 30 Mentor:innen stellten sich zur Verfügung, um 30 junge Nachwuchswissenschaftler:innen über ein Jahr hinweg bei Fragen rund um die Karriereplanung zu unterstützen.
Trendbericht Physikalische Chemie 2023 (2/3): Chemical reaction dynamics and kinetics
Authors: Meyer Jennifer , Borodin Dmitriy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStickstoff‐ und Kohlenstoffverbindungen im interstellaren Staub verraten, wie Sterne entstehen. Diese Moleküle haben Weltraumforscher:innen mit hochauflösender Rotationsspektroskopie detektiert und dazu die Verhältnisse im All im Labor nachgestellt. Wie organische Reaktionen wie nukleophile Substitution auf Molekülebene ablaufen, lässt sich mit Molekularstrahlmethoden herausfinden. Streumethoden dienen dazu, Reaktionen auf Oberflächen auf atomarer Ebene zu erfassen. Zeitaufgelöste Beugungsmethoden mit ultrakurzen Elektronen oder Röntgenphotonen werden zunehmend auf chemische Fragen angewandt, um Strukturen transienter Zustände zu beobachten.
Advocating for a patient‐ and family centered care approach to management of short bowel syndrome
Authors: Kumpf Vanessa J. , Neumann Marie L. , Kakani Swapna R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPatient‐ and family centered care (PFCC) is a model of providing healthcare that incorporates the preferences, needs, and values of the patient and their family and is built on a solid partnership between the healthcare team and patient/family. This partnership is critical in short bowel syndrome (SBS) management since the condition is rare, chronic, involves a heterogenous population, and calls for a personalized approach to care. Institutions can facilitate the practice of PFCC by supporting a teamwork approach to care, which, in the case of SBS, ideally involves a comprehensive intestinal rehabilitation program consisting of qualified healthcare practitioners who are supported with the necessary resources and budget. Clinicians can engage in a range of processes to center patients and families in the management of SBS, including fostering whole‐person care, building partnerships with patients and families, cultivating communication, and providing information effectively. Empowering patients to self‐manage important aspects of their condition is an important component of PFCC and can enhance coping to chronic disease. Therapy nonadherence represents a breakdown in the PFCC approach to care, especially when nonadherence is sustained, and the healthcare provider is intentionally misled. An individualized approach to care that incorporates patient/family priorities should ultimately enhance therapy adherence. Lastly, patients/families should play a central role in determining meaningful outcomes as it relates to PFCC and shaping the research that affects them. This review highlights needs and priorities of patients with SBS and their families and suggests ways to address gaps in existing care to improve outcomes.
Evaluation of model‐based bioequivalence approach for single sample pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Tardivon Coralie , Loingeville Florence , Donnelly Mark , Feng Kairui , Sun Wanjie , Sun Guoying , Grosser Stella , Zhao Liang , Fang Lanyan , Mentré France , Bertrand Julie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn a traditional pharmacokinetic (PK) bioequivalence (BE) study, a two‐way crossover study is conducted, PK parameters (namely the area under the time‐concentration curve [AUC] and the maximal concentration []) are obtained by noncompartmental analysis (NCA), and the BE analysis is performed using the two one‐sided test (TOST) method. For ophthalmic drugs, however, only one sample of aqueous humor, in one eye, per eye can be obtained in each patient, which precludes the traditional BE analysis. To circumvent this issue, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has proposed an approach coupling NCA with either parametric or nonparametric bootstrap (NCA bootstrap). The model‐based TOST (MB‐TOST) has previously been proposed and evaluated successfully for various settings of sparse PK BE studies. In this paper, we evaluate, via simulations, MB‐TOST in the specific setting of single sample PK BE study and compare its performance to NCA bootstrap. We performed BE study simulations using a published PK model and parameter values and evaluated multiple scenarios, including study design (parallel or crossover), sampling times (5 or 10 spread across the dosing interval), and geometric mean ratio (of 0.8, 0.9, 1, and 1.25). Using the simulated structural PK model, MB‐TOST performed similarly to NCA bootstrap for AUC. For , the latter tended to be conservative and less powerful. Our research suggests that MB‐TOST may be considered as an alternative BE approach for single sample PK studies, provided that the PK model is correctly specified and the test drug has the same structural model as the reference drug.
Azygos vein thrombosis despite rivaroxaban therapy in a patient with breast cancer: A rare entity
Authors: Degirmenci Guliz , Satici Celal 
Published: April 2023

Key messageIn the light of this case, azygos and hemiazygos veins should be evaluated carefully in thorax CT scans. This rare case is also important in terms of the occurrence of AVT in a patient receiving rivaroxaban therapy. The outcomes and recurrence rates of these patients should also be reported for the decision of anticoagulant treatment.
Nussbaum function‐based adaptive boundary control for flexible manipulator with unknown control directions and nonlinear time‐varying actuator faults
Authors: Li Le , Liu Jinkun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study proposes a novel boundary control strategy for a vibrating single‐link flexible manipulator system modeled by partial differential equations. The system has uncertain control directions and actuator faults. Existing research studies model fault‐tolerant control systems with fixed fault coefficients; in this study, the actuator faults are nonlinear and time‐varying, and the control directions are unknown. To circumvent the obstacles introduced by the unknown control directions and nonlinear varying actuator failures, an adaptive boundary controller is designed by using Nussbaum functions with fast growth rates and the bound estimation method. In the developed control scheme, all closed‐loop signals are shown to be uniformly bounded. Additionally, the angle tracking error and vibration asymptotically converge to zero. Finally, numerical simulations for five cases demonstrate the effectiveness of the modeled boundary controller.
The Effect of Linker‐to‐Metal Energy Transfer on the Photooxidation Performance of an Isostructural Series of Pyrene‐Based Rare‐Earth Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Quezada‐Novoa Victor , Titi Hatem M. , Villanueva Francisco Yarur , Wilson Mark W. B. , Howarth Ashlee J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe tetratopic linker, 1,3,6,8‐tetrakis(p‐benzoic acid)pyrene (H4TBAPy) along with rare‐earth (RE) ions is used for the synthesis of 9 isostructures of a metal–organic framework (MOF) with shp topology, named RE‐CU‐10 (RE = Y(III), Gd(III), Tb(III), Dy(III), Ho(III), Er(III), Tm(III), Yb(III), and Lu(III)). The synthesis of each RE‐CU‐10 analogue requires different reaction conditions to achieve phase pure products. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction indicates the presence of a RE9‐cluster in Y‐ to Tm‐CU‐10, while a RE11‐cluster is observed for Yb‐ and Lu‐CU‐10. The photooxidation performance of RE‐CU‐10 analogues is evaluated, observing competition between linker‐to‐metal energy transfer versus the generation of singlet oxygen. The singlet oxygen produced is used to detoxify a mustard gas simulant 2‐chloroethylethyl sulfide, with half‐lives ranging from 4.0 to 5.8 min, some of the fastest reported to date using UV‐irradiation and < 1 mol% catalyst, in methanol under O2 saturation.
Balancing Shared Decision-Making with Population-Based Recommendations: A Policy Perspective of PSA Testing and Mammography Screening
Authors: Driedger S. Michelle , Cooper Elizabeth J. , Maier Ryan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPopulation-based screening programs invite otherwise healthy people who are not experiencing any symptoms to be screened for cancer. In the case of breast cancer, mammography screening programs are not intended for higher risk groups, such as women with family history of breast cancer or carriers of specific gene mutations, as these women would receive diagnostic mammograms. In the case of prostate cancer, there are no population-based screening programs available, but considerable access and use of opportunistic testing. Opportunistic testing refers to physicians routinely ordering a PSA test or men requesting it at time of annual appointments. Conversations between patients and their physicians about the benefits and harms of screening/testing are strongly encouraged to support shared decision-making. There are several issues that make this risk scenario contentious: cancer carries a cultural dimension as a ‘dread disease’; population-based screening programs focus on recommendations based on aggregated evidence, which may not align with individual physician and patient values and preferences; mantras that ‘early detection is your best protection’ make public acceptance of shifting guidelines based on periodic reviews of scientific evidence challenging; and while shared decision-making between physicians and patients is strongly encouraged, meaningfully achieving this in practice is difficult. Cross-cutting these tensions is a fundamental question about what role the public ought to play in cancer screening policy.
Getting It Right? The Site Selection Process for Canada’s High-level Nuclear Waste
Authors: Bratt Duane , Larkin Patricia , Deschênes-Philion Xavier 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter focuses on assessment and risk management of the site selection process for Canada’s permanent high-level waste management facility for used nuclear fuel. It also examines the risk management approach related to the development of the transportation routes that will be needed to carry used nuclear fuel to the permanent deep geological repository (DGR). There are several types of risks (technological, environmental, human health, political, security, and financial) and uncertainties (epistemic, semantic, and normative) that exist in this case. Our goal is to better understand how those different risks and uncertainties are assessed by different groups (in particular the lay public, stakeholders, and experts) and handled by the risk managers. The REACT (regulatory, economic, advisory, community-based, and technology) framework is used to assess risk management practices for siting a location for high-level nuclear waste. After a general introduction to the case, three descriptive sections provide the level of individuals’ affectedness, the types of risk management intervention tools, and the level of democratization in the case. A particular emphasis is on the public consultation process for communities interested in hosting the DGR.
Public Inclusion and Responsiveness in Governance of Genetically Engineered Animals
Authors: Kuzma Jennifer , Williams Teshanee T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGenetically engineered (GE) animal-based foods have entered the Canadian market in recent years, yet a significant proportion of the public is reticent to consume them. Responsible innovation has been suggested as a paradigm for bolstering democratic processes and aligning societal values with technology research and development. In this chapter, we examine regulatory decision-making for the first GE animal approved for food consumption in Canada, the AquAdvantage Salmon (AAS), according to two principles of responsible innovation (RI)—inclusion and responsiveness. First, we look at the regulatory approval process for AAS to examine when there were opportunities for public and stakeholder participation in decision-making (inclusion). Second, we report on our studies using textual analysis of one public participation window—a series of Parliamentary hearings associated with GE animal oversight in Canada in 2016. Here, we examine whether decision-makers incorporated the diverse stakeholder perspectives and concerns voiced at the hearings into their final reports (responsiveness). Finally, we identify barriers to putting inclusion and responsiveness into practice in risk governance of GEOs and discuss ways to overcome these barriers to facilitate responsible innovation practices in oversight systems for emerging technologies.
Decision-Making About Newborn Screening Panels in Canada: Risk Management and Public Participation
Authors: Beck Marisa , Frank Brendan , Minaeian Sara , Nicholls Stuart G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNewborn Bloodspot Screening (NBS) enables diagnosis and early treatment of rare diseases in non-symptomatic neonates. NBS has well-documented benefits for babies, their families, and the healthcare system at large. In recent decades, rapid advances in screening technologies enabled the proliferation of testable diseases. This has led to increased discussion of both the benefits relevant to decision-making but also the health, economic and ethical challenges associated with the expansion of NBS panels. However, technological capability is not the sole driver of panel expansions, and we suggest that decisions to add a condition to the screening panel constitute exercises in risk management. Using a risk governance lens, this chapter examines procedures that govern decision-making concerning screening panel additions in several Canadian NBS programs. Specifically, we draw on an analysis of documents in the public domain and interviews with individuals associated with Canadian NBS programs to identify the risk management tools that are applied. Our analysis indicates that there is a reliance on the advice of experts and economic controls but limited public participation in decisions about screening panels. We conclude with a discussion of why democratization might strengthen decision-making and offer recommendations to practitioners and scholars regarding next steps and future research.
Wild Animals
Authors: Martin Angela K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter argues that wild animals can be claim-holders, and, as a consequence, that humans have a moral duty to consider their plight. First, it describes wild animals’ living conditions, which often involve substantial suffering and premature death. Second, it defends the thesis that humans have duties to respect the claims of wild animals and even to assist and help them in some situations—although we frequently fail to do so in practice. Third, it suggests that moral agents owe a duty of compensation and reparation to those animals they have harmed—intentionally or even unintentionally—by violating the latter’s claims. As humans often fall short of these two requirements, wild animals can be considered a particularly vulnerable group. Consequently, they should receive additional protection and attention, for example, in policy-making and in setting research priorities.