bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Some Anatomical Angles of the Shoulder with Rotator Cuff Syndrome
Authors: Candan Busra , Torun Ebru , Dikici Rumeysa , Avnioglu Seda , Gunal Mehmet Yalcin 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Shoulder movement occurs through the coordinated work of muscles, tendons, ligaments, and bones, primarily that affect the glenohumeral joint. Some distances and the angles between the bones forming this joint are important in shoulder pathologies. In this study, we aimed to determine the evaluation of nine different radiological parameters related to acromion and humerus in rotator cuff syndrome and control group patients.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 400 patients’ routine clinic radiographs were retrospectively assessed, which have rotator cuff syndrome (n = 210), and control group (n = 190). We measured the critical shoulder angle (CSA), distance of glenoid-acromion (GA), distance of glenoid-humeral head (GH), acromial index, lateral acromial angle (LAA), total shoulder arthroplasty angle (TSA), reverse shoulder arthroplasty angle (RSA), Point T represents the superior border of the glenoid cavity, Point S represents the inferior border of the glenoid cavity, point R represents the intersection of the supraspinatus fossa line with the glenoid surface. RST angle, and greater tuberosity angle (GTA) angle. We determined the type of acromion.

Results:
We determined that the GH, TSA, RST, and GTA were significantly different between rotator cuff syndrome and control group patients. When we evaluated the acromion type, Type 2 was the most common type. Different from the literature, when we evaluated the relationship between acromion types and angles, we determined that LAA, GA, and TSA parameters were significantly different between acromion types.

Conclusions:
In this study, we determined the importance of measurements and angles in rotator cuff syndrome. We think that the relationship between acromion types and parameters can contribute to the literature. Moreover, we believe that our study will contribute to the literature in terms of gathering many angles that are important in shoulder pathologies in a single study.
Retromolar Canals and Mandibular Third Molar Position
Authors: Demire Oguzhan , Akbulut Aslıhan 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
The retromolar canal (RMC) is an anatomical variation of the posterior part of the mandibular canal. It is thought that this variation is related to histological vestiges of the gubernacular canal and RMC presence may be associated with mandibular third molar (MTM) malposition. This study aims to investigate the relationship between MTM position and RMC existence.

Material and Methods:
Patients who had undergone cone-beam computed tomography examination for various purposes were included in the study. All of the patients had unilateral or bilateral MTM teeth. MTM impaction patterns were classified according to Winter and Pell-Gregory classifications. RMC existence, type, retromolar foramen (RMF) position, RMF dimensions, and distance from RMF to second and third molars were recorded. Results: Three hundred and forty-six retromolar areas with MTM of 244 patients were evaluated. RMCs were present in 11.5% of the patients. No statistically significant relationship between RMC and MTM impaction patterns was observed. A1-type RMC was found to be the most prevalent. The mean distance from RMF to the third molar was 6.09 ± 4.20 mm and was found to be higher in male patients. The mean distance from RMF to the second molar was 15.28 ± 4.73 mm. The average dimensions of the RMF were 1.4 ± 0.47 mm.

Discussion and Conclusion:
RMC is a relatively common anatomical variation of the mandibular canal. Although no correlation was observed between MTM impaction pattern and RMC existence, further research including more samples may be helpful to explain a possible correlation.
Evaluation of the Brain Indexes of Subjects with and without Brain Atrophy Using Computed Tomography
Authors: Öksüzler Mahmut , Polat Sema , Tunç Mahmut , Vuralli Duygu , Göker Pinar 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
This study was undertaken to determine the values of brain indexes using computed tomography (CT) in our population.

Material and Methods:
This study was carried out on the 520 senior subjects (196 subjects having brain atrophy and 324 subjects having no brain atrophy) aged 60–90 years. Measurements of the brain indexes were taken from subjects having axial brain CT image in the radiology department. Furthermore, the data were analyzed according to age and gender.

Results:
The means and standard deviations of the measurements were as follows: the maximum distance between anterior horns, 37.35 ± 3.76 mm; minimum bicaudate nuclei distance, 20.76 ± 3.78 mm; maximum internal skull diameter, 135.66 ± 6.51 mm; maximum internal diameter of the frontal bone, 103.23 ± 6.23; internal skull diameter measured along the same line, 116.28 ± 6.60 mm; maximum external diameter of the skull, 144.08 ± 5.93 mm; and cella media width, 35.88 ± 6.93 mm; and the indices were calculated and found as follows: Huckman number, 58.11 ± 6.99 mm; bifrontal index, 0.36 ± 0.03; bicaudate frontal index, 0.55 ± 0.07; bicaudate index, 0.18 ± 0.03; bicaudate temporal index, 0.15 ± 0.03; and Schiersmann's index (SI), 4.22 ± 1.16 in subjects having brain atrophy. The same values were measured as 32.28 ± 3.19 mm; 15.32 ± 3.05 mm; 133.67 ± 6.71 mm; 102.05 ± 6.13 mm; 113.12 ± 6.04 mm; 141.14 ± 6.12 mm; 28.92 ± 5.79 mm; 47.59 ± 5.63 mm; 0.32 ± 0.03; 0.47 ± 0.08; 0.14 ± 0.03; 0.11 ± 0.02; and 5.09 ± 1.13 in healthy elderly subjects, respectively. There was a significant difference in all measurements (except SI) (P < 0.05).

Discussion and Conclusion:
The brain index dimensions of Turkish population provide important and useful knowledge for the clinicians in terms of comparison of abnormalities and atrophy of the brain.
Numerical Chromosomal Aberrations in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in North Indians
Authors: Shri Indu , Verma Rakesh Kumar , Rani Archana , Kumar Navneet 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Alterations in chromosome number have a strong impact on outcome in childhood ALL. Genetic findings may predict the prognosis and biologic properties of the leukemia more consistently than does morphology. To see the numerical aberrations in ALL in North Indian population

Material and Methods:
Culture and chromosome banding of bone marrow and blood sample of 51 North Indian patients of ALL (44 males and 7 females) from the age group of 2 to 42 years were done. Only 39 shows good chromosomal spread, so 39 karyograms were prepared and observed for the chromosomal gain or loss and their frequency. Results: Numerical abnormalities were observed in 14 patients (35.9%) of the 39 cytogenetically analysed cases. Trisomy 21 was found in 3 cases. Trisomy of chromosome number 13 and 14 were found in 5.12% cases. Trisomy of chromosome number 3, 4, 6, 8, 11, 15, 17 and 18 were present in 2.56% cases (Fig. 21, 30, 31, 34, 35, 42). Gain of chromosome X was seen in 5.12% cases while only in one case (2.56%) gain of chromosome Y was detected.

Discussion and Conclusion:
Numerical chromosomal abnormality in this study was 15.38% which was different from other population described in previous studies. Trisomy 21 is most common in this study. The findings of the present study may be useful for the clinician in predicting outcome, remission, survival and treatment response in ALL.
Perceived social support among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Raghuveer Pracheth , Haleema Mubeena 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:
Social support among pregnant women is identified to have a positive influence on maternal, fetal outcome, personal competence, and self-esteem. This study was conducted with the aim to assess the social support as perceived by pregnant women and to find out the association between perceived social support and sociodemographic, obstetric variables.

MATERIALS AND MATERIALS:
After obtaining approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee, a cross-sectional study was carried out among pregnant women attending the Antenatal Clinic of a Tertiary Care Hospital for a period of two months. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) was used to assess social support among study participants.

RESULTS:
A total of 111 pregnant women were included. Majority, 98 (88.30%), were educated till High School. Nearly 87 (78.40%) were in the third trimester and 68 (61.30%) were primigravidae. Mean MSPSS score was found to be 5.36 ± 0.83. Majority, 75 (67.60%), had high social support (mean total score of 5.1-7.0). Those engaged in occupation had 2.922 odds for high social support (adjusted odds ratio = 2.92, 95% confidence interval = 0.612-13.95) when compared to housewives (P < 0.05). Women in third trimester had 2.104 odds for high social support, when compared to those in first and second trimesters (adjusted odds ratio = 2.014, 95% confidence interval = 0.715-6.185).

CONCLUSION:
Majority scored high on MSPSS. Furthermore, involvement in occupation was found to be a significant predictor of high social support among the study participants.
Perception, perceived scope, and potential barriers towards developing nurse practitioners cadre among health care providers and beneficiaries: A pilot study from Northern India
Authors: Kodi Malar S , Sharma Suresh K. , Basu Somprakas 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:
The role of nurse practitioner (NP) emerged in early 1965 when general practitioners began working with nurses. Evidence across the world highlights the benefits achieved by the NP role. The Indian Nursing Council (INC) implemented a country-wide NP in critical care (NPCC) program with the approval of the ministry of health and family welfare (MoHFW) in 2017. The NP role is in its infancy in India. Hence, there is a need to assess the perception among beneficiaries and healthcare personnel. This study was conducted to assess the perception, perceived scope, and potential barriers for developing the role of NPs in India among beneficiaries and healthcare providers.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
A descriptive, cross-sectional pilot study was conducted at AIIMS Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India, among 205 participants (84 beneficiaries, 78 nurses, and 43 physicians) using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Likert scales and socio-demographic sheets were used to assess the perception, perceived scope of practice, and potential barriers in developing a NP cadre in India. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analyzing data.

RESULTS:
The mean age of beneficiaries was 37.98, nurses was 27.58, and physicians was 28.13 years, respectively. 121 (61%) of participants were highly favored, and 77 (38%) were in favor of developing NP cadre in India. They considered it to be necessary, feasible, and acceptable in India. The feasibility and necessity of the perception domain were highly significant (P < 0.001 and P < 0.003, respectively). Nurses (mean ± SD: 35.36 ± 3.55) considered that NPs could have a wide range of practice followed by beneficiaries (mean ± SD: 38.17 ± 3.68) than physicians (mean ± SD: 34.75 ± 5.95). Lack of awareness, the nonexistence of cadre structure, lack of acceptance of the role of physicians, and lack of clear policy were the key potential barriers to develop an NP cadre in India.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this study, participants had favorable views on employing NPs in India; thus, this role will improve healthcare access for beneficiaries. NPs can carry out a wide range of practices. However, a lack of awareness, no cadre structure, and a lack of a clear policy may hinder the development of the NP cadre in India.
Smartphone addiction and its impact on knowledge, cognitive and psychomotor skills among dental students in India: An observational study
Authors: Karishma  , Awinashe Minal V. , Jain Amol , Santhosh V. C. , Choudhury Basanta K. , Alessa Noura , Babaji Prashant 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:
Addictive behavior toward the use of smartphones has turned out to be a commonly present phenomenon in this digital era. An individual's overindulgence in smartphone devices has turned into an obsessive and compulsive disorder. This addiction has been found to influence the physical, social, and psychological wellbeing of the studied population. This observational study aimed to assess smartphone addiction and its impact on knowledge, cognitive, and psychomotor skills in students pursuing dentistry in India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This prospective and cross-sectional survey-based study comprised 100 dental undergraduate students who were selected by a random sampling technique. The age range of subjects ranged between 18 and 22 years with equal gender distribution (50 each male and female). A prevalidated questionnaire containing 30 items encompassing five variables, that is, applications related to healthcare, entertainment, shopping, communication, and education were used to assess the response. Based on scores, patients were categorized as addicted or with no addiction. For evaluating the knowledge, cognitive, and psychomotor skills of students, theory-based examinations were held in different subjects as per the semester year of selected students while psychomotor skills were assessed by conducting clinical or preclinical examinations conducted by two separate examiners who following mutual agreement were assigned appropriate scores. All scores were categorized into four grades, that is, from grades I to VI.

RESULTS:
Students with smartphone addiction exhibited lower performance in both theory-based and clinical/preclinical assessment examinations with a majority of them scoring grade III or IV.

CONCLUSION:
Smartphone addiction reduces the academic knowledge, cognitive, and psychomotor skills of dental students.
Nurses' experiences of discrimination in health care: A qualitative study in Iran
Authors: Hosseinabadi-Farahani Mohammadjavad , Arsalani Narges , Hosseini Mohammadali , Mohammadi Eesa , Fallahi-Khoshknab Masoud 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:
Justice in health is one of the main concerns of health organizations, and discrimination in health care is one of the negative outcomes to achieving this goal. Hence, a full understanding of the phenomenon of discrimination in health care and adopting strategies to eliminate it is necessary. The present study was conducted to explore and describe the experiences of nurses of discrimination in health care.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present qualitative content analysis study was conducted between 2019 and 2020. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 18 participants (two physicians, three nursing supervisors, two head nurses, four clinical nurses, two nursing assistants, and three hospitalized patients) in one public and one private hospital in the city of Tehran. The participants were selected by purposive sampling, which continued until saturation of data. Data obtained were analyzed using the Graneheim and Lundman method.

RESULTS:
Four main categories and 14 subcategories were extracted from data analysis: 1) habitual discrimination (everyday discrimination in health centers, ignoring patient rights, low levels of trust in medical staff); 2) interpersonal relationships (expectations of associates, respect for colleagues and friends, the possibility of the occurrence of similar situations, reciprocating people's favors); 3) shortage of health-care resources (shortage of medical equipment, heavy workload, infrastructure of medical centers, lack of access to physicians); and 4) favoritism (ethnicity, favoritism as a common method, and favoritism as the ultimate solution to treatment problems).

CONCLUSION:
The present study revealed certain dimensions of discrimination in health care that remain hidden in many quantitative studies. It appears that health system managers will be able to move toward eliminating discrimination in health care. Thus, designing effective models to reduce discrimination in health care based on the underlying concepts of this study is recommended.
Stigmatizing attitude towards mental illness, disabilities, emotional and behavioural disorders, among healthcare students in a Tropical University College of Health Sciences
Authors: Amaechi Ifeoma Adaigwe , Nwani Paul Osemeke , Akadieze Augustine Onyebuchi 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:
Stigma toward mental illness (MI), physical disability (DA), and emotional/behavioral disorders (EBD) has been identified as a form of violence and a cause of nontake-up of help by people in need. Stigmatization can aggravate an individual's feeling of rejection and incompetence and can be detrimental to treatment-seeking and adherence behaviors. This study evaluated the attitude of healthcare students toward MI, DA, and EBDs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study employed a cross-sectional survey method. A disproportionate stratified sampling technique was used to recruit participants. Sixty five consenting students who met the inclusion criteria were consecutively recruited from each clinical department of the college. The students were selected from the five clinical departments of the College (Nursing sciences, Medical Rehabilitation, Radiography, Medical laboratory science, and Medicine). The questionnaires on stigmatizing attitudes toward MI, EBD, and DA were self-administered. Descriptive statistics of frequency count, percentage, range, mean, and standard deviation were used to summarize participants' sociodemographic data and their questionnaire scores. Inferential statistics of Spearman rank order correlation was used to test for correlation; Mann-Whitney U test was used to test the influence of gender, religion, and family history; and Kruskal-Wallis test was used to test the influence of department of study and level of study. Alpha level was set at 0.05.

RESULTS:
Three hundred twenty seven students comprising 164 (50.2%) males and 163 (49.8%) females participated. Mean age of participants was 22.89 ± 2.05 years. 45.3% of the participants reported positive family history of one or a combination of MI, DA, and EBDs. The study observed poor attitude toward MI and fair attitude toward DA and EBD. There were significant correlations between attitudes toward MI and disability (r = 0.36, P = .000033), MI and EBD (r = 0.23, P = .000023), disability and EBD (r = 0.46, P = .000001), and age and attitude toward disability (r = 0.15, P = .009). Females had significantly more positive attitude toward disability (P = .03) and EBDs (P = .03). Nursing students also demonstrated the most positive attitudes toward MI (P = .03) and EBD (P = .000416), while final year students demonstrated the most positive attitudes toward MI (P = .00145) and EBDs (P = .03).

CONCLUSIONS:
There was a poor attitude toward MI and a fair attitude toward DA and EBD. Attitude toward MI, DA, and EBD correlated significantly with one another. Older students, females, and higher levels of training in the healthcare profession were associated with more positive attitudes toward MI, DA, and EBDs.
Morálka, věda a morální věda
Authors: Marvan Tomáš 
Published: April 2023

The article reviews following books: Sam HARRIS, The Moral Landscape. New York: Free Press 2010, 291 pp. and Patricia Smith CHURCHLAND, Braintrust. Princeton: Princeton University Press 2011, 273 pp. The aim of the articles it to emphasize the profound agreement of both authors on a naturalistic conception of ethics and to alert the reader to some deficiencies in their argumentation.
Yetişkin Bireylerin COVID-19 Salgını ile İlgili Bilgi Düzeyi ve Davranış Değerlendirmesi
Authors: ÖZER Nurgül , KOLCU Merve 
Published: April 2023

Amaç: Bu araştırmada yetişkin bireylerin Covid-19 salgınıyla ilgili bilgi düzeyi
ve davranışlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı tipte olan bu araştırma, Aralık 2020-Şubat
2021 tarihleri arasında 18-65 yaş arası 792 yetişkin birey ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler;
anket formu ile Google Forms uygulaması üzerinden çevirim içi olarak toplanmıştır.
Veriler SPSS 22,0 paket programında sayı, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma ve
regresyon testleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin yaş ortalaması 30,63±9,25 yıl olup,
%56,2’si kadındır. Bireylerin %55,4’ü Covid-19 sebebiyle ellerini sık yıkadığı,
%46,1’i Covid-19 sebebiyle el dezenfektanını sık kullandığı ve %70,2’si de maske
tercihinde fiyatın önemli olduğunu belirtmiştir.
Sonuç ve Öneriler: Bu araştırmada yaş, öğrenim durumu, meslek, yakınında
Covid-19 tanısı alma değişkenlerinin Covid-19 bilgi düzeyini arttırdığı sonucuna
ulaşılmıştır. Bu nedenlerle halk sağlığı çalışmaları kapsamında özellikle yetişkin
bireylerin bilgi ve davranış düzeyinin belirlenerek bu doğrultuda hijyen alışkanlıklarının
geliştirilmesine yönelik programlar planlanması ve uygulanması önerilmektedir.
Pengaruh Limbah Cair terhadap Kualitas Air dan Penyakit yang Timbul di Masyarakat Kelurahan Sei. Merbau Kecamatan Teluk Nibung Kota Tanjungbalai
Authors: Nasution Mulkan Iskandar , Manik Riko Syahputra , Sitorus Witya Chairinda , Hasanah4 Uswatun , Butar-butar M. Ripanza 
Published: April 2023

Water is a source of life for the community and is a basic need that is used by the community every day for their daily needs. However, due to the increasingly dense population and the number of PT in Sei Merbau Village, Teluk Nibung District, the water is polluted by Liquid Waste. And people in Sei Merbau Village, Teluk Nibung District, feel the impact of the water such as water that is not suitable for consumption and the emergence of various diseases. This study aims to find out how the effect of liquid waste on water quality and diseases that arise in the community in Sei Village. Merbau, Teluk Nibung District. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research method in which data collection is carried out using interviews and field observations of 10 respondents aged between 25 - 40 years. The results of this study indicate that liquid waste causes changes in water quality and causes various skin diseases to occur in the community in Sei Village. Merbau, Teluk Nibung District.
Keywords: Water, Liquid Waste, Society, Disease and Sei Merbau
Analisis Strategi Positioning terhadap Pangsa Pasar:
Authors: Yuniarsih Yuyu 
Published: April 2023

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the analysis of positioning strategies, namely the strategy of placing a positive brand in the minds of consumers with the advantages and uniqueness of the product and making continuous purchases. Successful positioning will have an impact on increasing product sales, and of course will affect the market share that will be controlled by the product. The research method used is a qualitative method with a SWOT analysis, namely measuring strengths and weaknesses which are internal strategies (IFAS) and measuring external strategies consisting of opportunities and threats (EFAS). The result of research on Teh Botol Sosro for EFAS 2.5 and IFAS 2.95, the internal potential of The Botol Sosro is greater than the external potential. The strategy used in this condition is to support an aggressive growth policy (Growth Oriented Strategy). Board market share for packaged tea both domestically and for global market share. By using an aggressive growth strategy, The Botol Sosro can increase product sales more and will regain market share that has been captured by its competitors.