bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caldera collapse thresholds correlate with magma chamber dimensions
Authors: Geshi Nobuo , Miyagi Isoji , Saito Genji , Conway Chris E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExplosive caldera-forming eruptions eject voluminous magma during the gravitational collapse of the roof of the magma chamber. Caldera collapse is known to occur by rapid decompression of a magma chamber at shallow depth, however, the thresholds for magma chamber decompression that promotes caldera collapse have not been tested using examples from actual caldera-forming eruptions. Here, we investigated the processes of magma chamber decompression leading to caldera collapse using two natural examples from Aira and Kikai calderas in southwestern Japan. The analysis of water content in phenocryst glass embayments revealed that Aira experienced a large magmatic underpressure before the onset of caldera collapse, whereas caldera collapse occurred with a relatively small underpressure at Kikai. Our friction models for caldera faults show that the underpressure required for a magma chamber to collapse is proportional to the square of the depth to the magma chamber for calderas of the same horizontal size. This model explains why the relatively deep magma system of Aira required a larger underpressure for collapse when compared with the shallower magma chamber of Kikai. The distinct magma chamber underpressure thresholds can explain variations in the evolution of caldera-forming eruptions and the eruption sequences for catastrophic ignimbrites during caldera collapse.
A two-dimensional grating surface made of quaternary Huygens elements excited by a real source
Authors: Derafshi Iman , Komjani Nader , Ghasemi Mizuji Ensiyeh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this article, a new method to create an anomalous reflection in the desired direction is proposed. Two-dimensional grating surfaces consisting of four particles with the properties of a Huygens source are employed in each period. Then, this method is extended to the problem in which the grating surface is illuminated by a real source such as a horn. In this case, the designed grating surface has different periods in both directions to collimate the reflected wave and give an in-phase wavefront. Using our method, a high-efficiency reflectarray (RA) based on quaternary Huygens grating is designed. This RA is distinguished from common RAs due to its beam squint capability. This array offers more aperture efficiency and thus more gain in comparison to the leaky waves that inherently have low aperture efficiency. Therefore, our designed RA can compete with leaky wave antennas in many applications. The mentioned RA is designed to have the main beam in the direction of $$\left( {{\theta _0} = {{68}^{\circ }},{\varphi _0} = {{225}^{\circ }}} \right)$$

θ
0

=

68

∘

,

φ
0

=

225

∘

, at the frequency of 12 GHz. The simulation results show the realized gain and SLL of this antenna are 24.8 dB and $$-15.5$$

-
15.5

dB, respectively. Also, by changing the frequency in the range of 12–15 GHz, the direction of the main beam varies from $$\left( {{{68}^{\circ }}, {{225}^{\circ }}} \right)$$

68

∘

,

225

∘

to $$\left( {{{39}^{\circ }}, {{225}^{\circ }}} \right)$$

39

∘

,

225

∘

.
Comparative plastome genomics, taxonomic delimitation and evolutionary divergences of Tetraena hamiensis var. qatarensis and Tetraena simplex (Zygophyllaceae)
Authors: Ahmad Waqar , Asaf Sajjad , Al-Rawahi Ahmed , Al-Harrasi Ahmed , Khan Abdul Latif 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTheZygophyllumandTetraenagenera are intriguingly important ecologically and medicinally. Based on morphological characteristics,T. hamiensisvar.qatarensis,andT. simplexwere transferred fromZygophyllumtoTetraenawith the least genomic datasets available. Hence, we sequenced theT. hamiensisandT. simplexand performed in-depth comparative genomics, phylogenetic analysis, and estimated time divergences. The complete plastomes ranged between 106,720 and 106,446 bp—typically smaller than angiosperms plastomes. The plastome circular genomes are divided into large single-copy regions (~ 80,964 bp), small single-copy regions (~ 17,416 bp), and two inverted repeats regions (~ 4170 bp) in bothTetraenaspecies. An unusual shrinkage of IR regions 16–24 kb was identified. This resulted in the loss of 16 genes, including 11ndhgenes which encode the NADH dehydrogenase subunits, and a significant size reduction ofTetraenaplastomes compared to other angiosperms. The inter-species variations and similarities were identified using genome-wide comparisons. Phylogenetic trees generated by analyzing the whole plastomes, protein-coding genes,matK,rbcL, andcssAgenes exhibited identical topologies, indicating that both species are sisters to the genusTetraenaand may not belong toZygophyllum. Similarly, based on the entire plastome and proteins coding genes datasets, the time divergence ofZygophyllumandTetraenawas 36.6 Ma and 34.4 Ma, respectively.Tetraenastem ages were 31.7 and 18.2 Ma based on full plastome and protein-coding genes. The current study presents the plastome as a distinguishing and identification feature among the closely relatedTetraenaandZygophyllumspecies. It can be potentially used as a universal super-barcode for identifying plants.
Efficacy and safety profile of intravitreal dexamethasone implant versus antivascular endothelial growth factor treatment in diabetic macular edema: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chi Sheng-Chu , Kang Yi-No , Huang Yi-Ming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo better understand the efficacy of intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) versus antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). A systematic review and meta-analysis. The study included randomized control trials (RCTs) and non-randomized control trials (Non-RCTs) before December 2021 that compare the efficacy of Ozurdex-related therapyand anti-VEGF therapy. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE. The quality of the included studies was assessed carefully. 30 studies were included. Regarding BCVA change, the overall result revealed no significant differences between Ozurdex and anti-VEGF therapies in patients with nonresistant DME, but Ozurdex group had significantly more VA improvement than anti-VEGF therapies in patients with resistant DME (MD 0.12, 95% CI 0.02–0.21). In terms of central retinal thickness (CRT) decrease, there was a significant difference between Ozurdex therapy and anti-VEGF therapy in patients with nonresistant DME (MD 48.10, 95% CI 19.06–77.13) and resistant DME (MD 65.37, 95% CI 3.62–127.13). Overall, Ozurdex therapy resulted in significantly greater VA improvement and CRT decrease than anti-VEGF therapy in resistant DME patients. Ozurdex therapy was not inferior to anti-VEGF therapy in patients with nonresistant DME.
Driving factors on accumulation of cadmium, lead, copper, zinc in agricultural soil and products of the North China Plain
Authors: Liu Zheng , Bai Ying , Gao Junhong , Li Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils concerns food security. By using the Geographical Detector, this study investigated the influence of six types of factors (eleven factors) on the accumulation of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn in agricultural soil and products of the North China Plain and confirmed the dominant factor. The results showed that heavy metals had accumulated in regional agricultural soils and the accumulation of Cd was severe. The accumulation of heavy metals was significantly influenced by policy factors (the management and reduction in usage of fertilizers and pesticides), fertilization factors (application of organic and chemical fertilizers), pesticide factors (application of herbicide and insecticide) and atmospheric deposition factors (heavy metal concentration in atmospheric deposition). The policy factor dominated the other three types of factors. Atmospheric deposition and the excess application of fertilizers and pesticides directly lead to the accumulation of heavy metals. Due to the high concentrations of heavy metals and abundant application amounts, organic fertilizers have contributed high levels of heavy metals to agricultural soils. This study suggests that formulated fertilization and action plans for pesticide reduction could effectively decrease the accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils and products in the study area.
Pharmaceutical payments to Japanese board-certified dermatologists: a 4-year retrospective analysis of personal payments from pharmaceutical companies between 2016 and 2019
Authors: Murayama Anju , Kamamoto Sae , Saito Hiroaki , Ozaki Akihiko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere are prevalent financial relationships between dermatologists and pharmaceutical companies in Japan. However, little was known about the extent of whole picture of the personal payments made to dermatologists by pharmaceutical companies. This study aimed to examine the personal payments to the board-certified dermatologists by the Japanese Dermatological Association from the pharmaceutical companies between 2016 and 2019. Using the publicly disclosed payments data by the pharmaceutical companies between 2016 and 2019, we evaluated the magnitude, prevalence, and trends in the personal payments made to all board-certified dermatologists for the lecturing, writing, and consulting compensations. The payments were descriptively analyzed overall and by dermatologist demographics. Additionally, the payment trends were assessed by generalized estimating equation models. Of 6883 active board-certified dermatologists, 3121 (45.3%) received a total of $33,223,806 personal payments between 2016 and 2019. The median per-physician payments and number of payments (interquartile range) were $1737 ($613–$5287) and 4.0 (2.0–10.0) over the 4 years, respectively. Only top 1%, 5%, 10% of dermatologists received 41.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 38.2–45.1%), 76.9% (95% CI 74.7–79.1%), and 87.6% (95% CI 86.2–88.9%) of overall payments. The number of dermatologists receiving payments and per-dermatologist payments increased by 4.3% (95% CI 3.1‒5.5%, p < 0.001) and 16.4% (95% CI 13.5‒19.4%, p < 0.001) each year. The board-certification in dermatology-oncology, in cosmetic dermatology, and male sex were significantly associated with higher personal payments with relative monetary values of 2.29 (95% CI 1.65–3.19, p < 0.001), 3.16 (95% CI 1.89–5.26, p < 0.001), and 5.38 (95% CI 4.12–7.04, p < 0.001). Less than half of Japanese board-certified dermatologists received lower personal payments from the pharmaceutical companies than those to other specialists. However, these personal payments were increasingly more prevalent and greater over the 4 years.
Computational investigation of hysteresis and phase equilibria of n-alkanes in a metal-organic framework with both micropores and mesopores
Authors: Li Zhao , Turner Jake , Snurr Randall Q. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAdsorption hysteresis is a phenomenon related to phase transitions that can impact applications such as gas storage and separations in porous materials. Computational approaches can greatly facilitate the understanding of phase transitions and phase equilibria in porous materials. In this work, adsorption isotherms for methane, ethane, propane, and n-hexane were calculated from atomistic grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations in a metal-organic framework having both micropores and mesopores to better understand hysteresis and phase equilibria between connected pores of different size and the external bulk fluid. At low temperatures, the calculated isotherms exhibit sharp steps accompanied by hysteresis. As a complementary simulation method, canonical (NVT) ensemble simulations with Widom test particle insertions are demonstrated to provide additional information about these systems. The NVT+Widom simulations provide the full van der Waals loop associated with the sharp steps and hysteresis, including the locations of the spinodal points and points within the metastable and unstable regions that are inaccessible to GCMC simulations. The simulations provide molecular-level insight into pore filling and equilibria between high- and low-density states within individual pores. The effect of framework flexibility on adsorption hysteresis is also investigated for methane in IRMOF-1.
Albedo change from snow algae blooms can contribute substantially to snow melt in the North Cascades, USA
Authors: Healy Shannon M. , Khan Alia L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSnow algae are ubiquitous in the Pacific Northwest cryosphere in the summer where snowmelt is an important contribution to regional watersheds. However, less attention has been given to biological impurities as drivers of snowmelt compared to inorganic light-absorbing particles. Here we map snow algae near Mt. Baker with a multispectral camera on an uncrewed aerial vehicle using (1) principal components and (2) spectral indexing. The two approaches are tested under differing bloom states and verified with coincident algal pigment and cell count data. During high bloom intensity we found an average instantaneous radiative forcing of 237 W m−2with a maximum of 360 W m−2. This translated to 1,508 ± 536 m3of melted snow water equivalent in the 0.1 km2basin. These results demonstrate snow algae contribute to snowmelt at mid-latitudes and the potential for uncrewed autonomous vehicles to map snow algae over expansive areas of the cryosphere.
Feasibility study of a clinical decision support system for polymedicated patients in primary care
Authors: Pinar Manzanet Juan Manuel , Fico Giuseppe , Merino‐Barbancho Beatriz , Hernández Liss , Vera‐Muñoz Cecilia , Seara Germán , Torrego Macarena , Gonzalez Henar , Wastesson Jonas , Fastbom Johan , Mayol Julio , Johnell Kristina , Gómez‐Gascón Tomás , Arredondo María Teresa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAge‐related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, multimorbidity, frailty, and cognitive impairment represent challenges for drug treatments. Moreover, older adults are commonly exposed to polypharmacy, leading to increased risk of drug interactions and related adverse events, and higher costs for the healthcare systems. Thus, the complex task of prescribing medications to older polymedicated patients encourages the use of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS). This paper evaluates the CDSS miniQ for identifying potentially inappropriate prescribing in poly‐medicated older adults and assesses the usability and acceptability of the system in health care professionals, patients, and caregivers. The results of the study demonstrate that the miniQ system was useful for Primary Care physicians in significantly improving prescription, thereby reducing potentially inappropriate medication prescriptions for elderly patients. Additionally, the system was found to be beneficial for patients and their caregivers in understanding their medications, as well as usable and acceptable among healthcare professionals, patients, and caregivers, highlighting the potential to improve the prescription process and reduce errors, and enhancing the quality of care for elderly patients with polypharmacy, reducing adverse drug events, and improving medication management.
Plasma microRNAs levels associate with the outcome of ARDS patients
Authors: Sun Qin , Huang Yingzi 
Published: May 2023

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are stromal cells with renew ability for multilineage differentiation. Therefore MSC has been considered as a therapy method for rebuilding alveoli structure and repairing the function of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (VEC). However, whether MSC can play a therapeutic role in ARDS patients depends on different ARDS phenotypes. Recent studies about microRNAs (miRNAs) proved that miRNAs played important roles in MSC regulating function and activity of VEC which may affect therapeutic response and outcome to different ARDS patients, but few studies focused on this field. The purpose of our study is that plasma miRNAs regulated VEC’s function and specific miRNAs which were related to MSC and VEC (MSC‑VEC‑miRNAs) expressed differently between survival and non-survival ARDS patients. We aim to find specific MSC‑VEC‑miRNAs which are associated with the outcome of ARDS patients.
Methods: We obtained MSC-VEC-miRNAs through searching PUBMED database. A number of 101 ARDS patients were screened and 57 of them were included in our research within 24 hours of admission to ICU. We then collected their clinical data and their blood samples, then we did real-time PCR to test plasma levels of MSC-VEC-miRNAs.
Results: Fourteen MSC-VEC-miRNAs were selected in this study. We included 57 ARDS patients and 18(31.6%) of them died on Day 28 after diagnosis. Plasma miR-26a level in non-survival group was significantly lower than that in survival group (0.33[0.09-1.17] vs. 0.97[0.17-3.49], P=0.046). Plasma miR-320 level in non-survival group was significantly higher than that in survival group (0.37[0.16-1.66] vs. 0.18[0.07-0.39], P=0.041). There was no statistical difference of other 12 miRNA between two groups.
Conclusion: Plasma miR-26a and miR-320 levels have a certain predictive value for the prognosis of ARDS patients.
Die Validierung des Vinzenz ErnährungsScreening Tools und der
Bioimpedanz Vektor Analyse gegenüber dem NRS 2002 sowie die Berechnung
der Kosten pro Screening
Authors: Weigel Thomas , Mayr Hermann , Zulehner Christoph Richard , Hummer Barbara 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die EU empfiehlt in Krankenhäusern ein Screening,
bezogen auf das Risiko für Mangelernährung, zu etablieren. Die
Vinzenz Gruppe hat ein eigenes Screeningtool entwickelt, das Vinzenz
ErnährungsScreening Tool (VEST). Die Bioimpedanz Vektor Analyse (BIVA)
kann über das Nutrigram den Ernährungszustand anhand der
Körperzellmasse einschätzen. Die Kosten pro Screeningverfahren
für das Risiko auf Mangelernährung sind in der Literatur kaum
berücksichtigt.
Methoden Das Ziel der Arbeit war, die Validität des VEST und des
Nutrigram gegenüber dem von Ernährungsfachgesellschaften als
Standard etablierten Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) zu bestimmen.
Zusätzlich wurden die anfallenden Kosten pro Screeningverfahren
für verschiedene Berufsgruppen ermittelt.
Ergebnisse An der Studie nahmen 412 Patient*innen teil. Die
Prävalenz für Mangelernährungsrisiko lag beim NRS bei
25,2%; beim VEST bei 27,3% und beim Nutrigram bei 19,4%;
die Sensitivität des VEST betrug 89% und die des Nutrigrams
51,3%; die Kosten pro Erhebung liegen zwischen 0,61 EURO und 2,90
EURO.
Diskussion Das Ergebnis kann dem VEST gegenüber dem NRS 2002 eine
gute Validität bescheinigen. Für das Nutrigram ist die
Validität als ausreichend einzuschätzen. Bei einer hohen
prädiktiven Validität sind die Kosten zur Bestimmung des
Mangelernährungsrisikos mittels VEST am geringsten. Für den
alltäglichen Einsatz ist das VEST gut geeignet, weil es leicht
durchführbar und von allen untersuchten Berufsgruppen einfach anwendbar
ist.
Bilaterale akute makuläre Neuroretinopathie (AMN) nach COVID-19 und Verlauf
Authors: Bartsch Alexander Johannes , Skornia Adam Alexander , Mardin Christian Yahya , Hohberger Bettina 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie akute makuläre Neuroretinopathie (AMN) stellt eine seltene Krankheitsentität dar. Sie wird vor allem bei jungen Frauen mit zurückliegender grippeähnlicher Infektion oder mehrjähriger
Einnahme oraler Kontrazeptiva beobachtet. Die Patienten beschreiben typischerweise eine subjektive Sehverschlechterung und mono- oder bilaterale, parazentral gelegene, relative Skotome. In
manchen Fällen können sich in der funduskopischen ophthalmologischen Untersuchung dezente, scharf begrenzte, flache Läsionen in rötlich-brauner oder orangefarbener Färbung im Makulabereich
zeigen. Die Diagnosestellung erfolgt meist mittels einer Nahinfrarot-Fundusaufnahme, in der sich hyporeflektive Areale darstellen, und der SD-OCT-Bildgebung, in der sich Veränderungen in den
äußeren Netzhautschichten manifestieren. Nachfolgend werden 3 Patientenfälle mit einer beidseitigen AMN geschildert, die in einem direkten zeitlichen Zusammenhang mit einer kürzlich
zurückliegenden SARS-CoV-2-Infektion auftraten.
Selective Deuteration of Heterocycle N-Oxides via Iridium-Catalysed Hydrogen Isotope Exchange
Authors: Kerr William J. , Owens Philippa K. , Smith Blair I. P. , Campos Sebastien , Lindsay David M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn iridium(I) N-heterocyclic carbene/phosphine complex has been applied to the C–H activation and hydrogen isotope exchange of quinoline N-oxides. The isotope labelling proceeds under exceptionally low catalyst loadings of 0.25 mol% and delivers products with high levels of deuterium incorporation selectively at the C8 position. A broad substrate scope is demonstrated, with the method tolerant of electron-poor and -rich substrates, and of substitution adjacent to the site of C–H activation. The isotope label is fully retained under standard deoxygenation conditions to give the corresponding labelled quinoline, and the labelling and deoxygenation can be combined in a one-pot procedure.
Prospective assessment of the accuracy of ASGE and ESGE guidelines for choledocholithiasis
Authors: Silva-Santisteban Andy , Shah Ishani , Chandnani Madhuri , Wadhwa Vaibhav , Tsai Leo , Bezuidenhout Abraham F. , Berzin Tyler M. , Pleskow Douglas , Sawhney Mandeep 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) and European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guidelines recommend categorizing patients by risk for choledocholithiasis to determine management. The goal of our study was to compare the accuracy of criteria proposed in these guidelines.
Patients and methods All patients with suspected choledocholithiasis at our institution were prospectively identified. Based upon initial test results, patients were categorized as low, intermediate, and high risk for choledocholithiasis per ASGE 2010 and 2019, and ESGE criteria. Patients were followed until 30 days post-discharge. Results of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP), endoscopic ultrasound, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography were used as criteria standard for choledocholithiasis. The accuracy of each criterion for choledocholithiasis was computed.
Results During the study period, 359 consecutive patients with
suspected choledocholithiasis were identified, of whom 225 had choledocholithiasis. Median
patient age was 69 years and 55.3% were women. ESGE criteria categorized 47.9% as high-risk,
lower than ASGE 2010 (62.7%, P<0.01), and 2019 criteria (54.6%,
P=0.07). In high-risk patients, choledocholithiasis was noted in
83.1% for ESGE criteria, similar for ASGE 2019 (81.6%, P=0.7) and
2010 criteria (79.1%, P=0.3). The percentage of patients who
underwent unnecessary ERCP was 8.1% per ESGE criteria, lower than ASGE 2010 (13.1%, P=0.03), but similar to 2019 criteria (10%, P=0.4). No difference in accuracy for choledocholithiasis was noted among the three
criteria. No 30-day readmissions for choledocholithiasis were noted in the low-risk
category.
Conclusions ESGE and ASGE guidelines have similar accuracy for diagnosis of choledocholithiasis. However, ESGE criteria result in more patients needing additional testing, but also a smaller proportion of patients undergoing unnecessary ERCP.