bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Viscosity and Magnetic Field on a Non-Isothermal Cylindrical Channel Flow
Authors: Ndu Roseline Ize. , Nwaigwe Chinedu , Emeka Amos 
Published: January 2023

This study examines the effect of viscosity and magnetic field on a non-isothermal cylindrical channel flow. This work considered a model of convective-thermal-diffusion with constant viscosity and magnetic field. The governing model equations are nondimensionalized using the dimensionless quantities and then solved analytically using power series method of Frobenius type so as to tackle the singularity in the model equations. Furthermore, the analytical solutions are displayed via graphs to show the effects of the flow parameters on the flow velocity, temperature and concentration profiles. The graphical results show that increase in viscosity, magnetic field and solutal Grashof number parameters retard the fluid flow. While increase in thermal Grashof number enhances the flow velocity. Thermal conductivity and solute injection parameters increase the fluid temperature and concentration respectively while the cooling and diffusive parameters decrease the fluid temperature and concentration respectively. Further studies can be carried out for a multi-directional flow as against the unidirectional flow and in a vertical channel in place of horizontal channel as studied in this paper.
Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Supplemented by Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in Evaluation of Renal Masses
Authors: Ibrahem Darweesh Ahmed , Siagy Ali Salama Al , Ahmed Hassanien Omar , Abbas Nassar Ibrahim 
Published: January 2023

Background: Recent studies have shown that diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) may enable characterization of kidney lesions and in differentiating benign from malignant ones. However, there are only a few reports investigating the utilization of DWI and ADC measure in the differentiation of small solid kidney masses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Diffusion Weighted MR Imaging (DW-MRI) supplemented with ADC measures in characterization of different kidney masses.
Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study included thirty (30) cases presented to the Diagnostic Radiology Department in Tanta University Hospitals with signs and symptoms of kidney masses either by clinical or previous radiological examination. The duration of the study was 3-4 years.
Results: There were 13 participants had clear kidney cell carcinoma with mean ADC 1.32 ± 0.15. There were 7 participants had papillary kidney carcinoma with mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) 1.33 ± 0.13. There were 6 participants had oncocytoma with ADC 1.3 ± 0. There were 4 participants had angiomyolipoma with mean ADC 0.76 ± 0.13. As regard Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequence parameters; the TR/TE was 3150/55.
Conclusion: DWI is a quick process that can be readily included into a standard MRI protocol. When gadolinium contrast agent cannot be provided, DWI is very useful for lesion identification and assessment. Due to the overlap of ADC measures between benign and cancerous lesions, it cannot be utilized as a standalone diagnostic tool and must be evaluated concurrently with conventional MRI for effective characterization of kidney lesions.
p—π Conjugated Polyelectrolytes Toward Universal Electrode Interlayer Materials for Diverse Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Wang He , Yang Yi , Zhang Yuzhuo , Wang Shumeng , Tan Zhan'ao , Yan Shouke , Wang Lixiang , Hou Jianhui , Xu Bowei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe development of universal interlayer materials for diverse optoelectronic devices not only decreases the costs in both laboratory research and industrialized production, but also improves the uniformity of different devices so as to facilitate device integration. However, using one material to fabricate diverse devices remains a great challenge. Herein, p‐π conjugation is utilize to replace the commonly used π–π conjugation to develop an unprecedented anode interlayer (AIL) material PCP‐S that can be universally used in diverse optoelectronic devices, including organic light‐emitting diode (OLED), organic solar cell (OSC), and perovskite solar cell (PSC). The unique solubility and the easy adjustment of optoelectronic properties are keys to realize the multiple uses of PCP‐S. First, OSC based on the polyoxometalate (POM)‐doped PCP‐S exhibits a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.1%, representing the highest efficiency for OSCs using a solution‐processed pH‐neutral AIL. Second, PSC with PCP‐S shows a PCE of 20.1%, which is superior to the device with poly(triaryl amine) (PTAA). Third, OLED possesses a significantly reduced turn‐on voltage from 3.8 to 2.8 V by incorporating the PCP‐S AIL. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first example of a universal AIL material to realize multiple applications.
Main‐Chain Nematic Side‐Chain Smectic Composite Liquid Crystalline Elastomers
Authors: Guo Hongye , Saed Mohand O. , Terentjev Eugene M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA composite liquid crystalline elastomer is designed, combining main‐chain and side‐chain mesogenic polymers in the network, and resulting in micro‐phase separated regions of nematic and smectic ordering in the macroscopically homogeneous elastomer. A range of different fractions of the components is explored, from fully nematic main‐chain system, across to fully smectic side‐chain elastomer. Thermal phase transitions of both phases coexisting in the material are detected by calorimetry, and the nematic/smectic structure investigated by X‐ray scattering. The tensile stress–strain data reveal the key effect of such a multi‐phase composite, where the nematic fraction adds ductility while the smectic fraction increases the modulus and mechanical stiffness. Varying the composition, the authors are able to optimize the mechanical properties of this material type.
Ceria Nanoparticles as Copper Chaperones that Activate SOD1 for Synergistic Antioxidant Therapy to Treat Ischemic Vascular Diseases
Authors: Im Gwang‐Bum , Kim Young Geon , Yoo Tae Yong , Kim Yeong Hwan , Kim Kang , Hyun Jiyu , Soh Min , Hyeon Taeghwan , Bhang Suk Ho 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAll exogenous nanomaterials undergo rapid biotransformation once injected into the body and fall short of executing the intended purpose. Here, it is reported that copper‐deposited ceria nanoparticles (CuCe NPs) exhibit enhanced antioxidant effects over pristine ceria nanoparticles, as the released copper buffers the depletion of glutathione while providing the bioavailable copper as a cofactor for the antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase 1. The upregulated intracellular antioxidants along with the ceria nanoparticles synergistically scavenge reactive oxygen species and promote anti‐inflammation and M2 polarization of macrophages by modulating signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and 6 (STAT1 and STAT6). The therapeutic effect of CuCe NPs is demonstrated in ischemic vascular diseases (i.e., murine models of hindlimb ischemia and myocardial infarction) in which the copper‐deposition affords increased perfusion and alleviation in tissue damage. The results provide rationale that metal oxide nanomaterials can be designed in a way to induce the upregulation of specific biological factors for optimal therapeutic performance.
Tape‐Free, Digital Wearable Band for Exercise Sweat Rate Monitoring
Authors: Dautta Manik , Ayala‐Cardona Luis Fernando , Davis Noelle , Aggarwal Ashwin , Park Jonghwa , Wang Shu , Gillan Liam , Jansson Elina , Hietala Mikko , Ko Hyunhyub , Hiltunen Jussi , Javey Ali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMonitoring sweat secretion rate is essential for uncovering underlying physical conditions like hyperhidrosis, mental stress, and neural disorders. Often, flexible microfluidic sweat rate monitoring devices use tape as a means of attachment to the skin to tightly seal the collection area. While these single‐use, adhesive‐backed devices have lightweight and thin interfaces for mounting on the skin, their form factor complicates their potential integration with available commercial wearables, such as smartwatches. Here, a tape‐free device, consisting of a 3D‐printed sweat collector with a concave surface that is strapped onto the skin to form an effective seal, is presented. The materials, structure, and dimensions of the sweat collector are optimized for conformal device‐to‐skin contact and efficient capture of sweat. The collector is interfaced with a fluidic microchannel with embedded electrodes for continuous digital monitoring of sweat rate. Long‐term exercise‐induced local sweat rate from multiple body locations in both multi‐subject and longitudinal studies is measured, depicting the correlation between the measured sweat profile and total body fluid loss. The simple installation procedure and reusability of this tape‐free device make it a good candidate for integration with the band of a watch.
Direct Current Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Based on Plasmon‐Enhanced Solar Radiation Pressure
Authors: Lee Ha Young , Kwak Min Sub , Hwang Geon‐Tae , Ahn Hyung Soo , Taylor Robert A. , Ha Dong Han , Yi Sam Nyung 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA piezoelectric energy generating device that produces electricity using plasmon‐enhanced solar radiation pressure (SRP) is developed. The SRP is greatly enhanced on the operational region of the device with a unique crater‐like structure, and direct current is generated successfully on the device. By optimizing the material and thickness of top electrode, a maximum power density of 396 µW cm−2 is obtained. In addition, by using Raman measurements, finite‐difference time‐domain simulation, and COMSOL Multiphysics analysis, it is confirmed that the SRP is greatly amplified on the operational region with the nanoscale surface roughness due to resonance between the incident light and surface plasmons. By increasing the rotational speed of an optical chopper used to measure the change in the output characteristics of the device, and comparing this with the simulated result, it is found that the constant charge produced by the piezoelectric effect arose due to the superposition of charge phases in the device.
Transferrin Receptor‐Mediated Iron Uptake Promotes Colon Tumorigenesis
Authors: Kim Hyeoncheol , Villareal Luke B , Liu Zhaoli , Haneef Mohammad , Falcon Daniel M , Martin David R , Lee Ho‐Joon , Dame Michael K , Attili Durga , Chen Ying , Varani James , Spence Jason R. , Kovbasnjuk Olga , Colacino Justin A , Lyssiotis Costas A. , Lin Henry C , Shah Yatrik M , Xue Xiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTransferrin receptor (TFRC) is the major mediator for iron entry into a cell. Under excessive iron conditions, TFRC is expected to be reduced to lower iron uptake and toxicity. However, the mechanism whereby TFRC expression is maintained at high levels in iron‐enriched cancer cells and the contribution of TFRC to cancer development are enigmatic. Here the work shows TFRC is induced by adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene loss‐driven β‐catenin activation in colorectal cancer, whereas TFRC‐mediated intratumoral iron accumulation potentiates β‐catenin signaling by directly enhancing the activity of tankyrase. Disruption of TFRC leads to a reduction of colonic iron levels and iron‐dependent tankyrase activity, which caused stabilization of axis inhibition protein 2 (AXIN2) and subsequent repression of the β‐catenin/c‐Myc/E2F Transcription Factor 1/DNA polymerase delta1 (POLD1) axis. POLD1 knockdown, iron chelation, and TFRC disruption increase DNA replication stress, DNA damage response, apoptosis, and reduce colon tumor growth. Importantly, a combination of iron chelators and DNA damaging agents increases DNA damage response and reduces colon tumor cell growth. TFRC‐mediated iron import is at the center of a novel feed‐forward loop that facilitates colonic epithelial cell survival. This discovery may provide novel strategies for colorectal cancer therapy.
Enhancing the d/p‐Band Center Proximity with Amorphous‐Crystalline Interface Coupling for Boosted pH‐Robust Water Electrolysis
Authors: Liu Yaoda , Sakthivel Thangavel , Hu Feng , Tian Yahui , Wu Dongshuang , Ang Edison Huixiang , Liu Hang , Guo Shengwu , Peng Shengjie , Dai Zhengfei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRationalizing non‐precious pH‐robust electrocatalysts is a crucial priority and required for multi‐scenario hydrogen production customization. Herein, an amorphous–crystalline CoBOx/NiSe heterostructure is theoretically profiled and constructed for efficient and pH‐robust water electrolysis. The crystalline lattice confinement induces a CoCo bond shortening and a B‐site delocalization on amorphous CoBOx, resulting in a decreased d‐p band center difference (Δεd‐p) toward the balanced intermediates adsorption/desorption. Accordingly, the CoBOx/NiSe heterostructure exhibits efficient and robust hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER) catalytic activity in different electrolytes. Of particular note, it achieves ultralow overpotentials in both the beyond‐Pt HER (14.5 mV) and OER (229.1 mV) at 10 mA cm−2under an alkaline electrolyte, and reaches an industrial‐level OER current density of 2 A cm−2. Water electrolysis is stably delivered with a low η10voltage of 1.48 V. The incorporation of such d‐p orbitals at the amorphous–crystalline interface puts forward new opportunities in rationally designing advanced non‐precious electrocatalysts for water electrolysis.
On the adequacy of fruit removal as a proxy for fitness in studies of bird‐mediated phenotypic selection
Authors: Palacio Facundo X. , Cataudela Juan Francisco , Montalti Diego , Ordano Mariano 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPremiseIn fleshy‐fruited plants, fruit removal is widely used as a proxy for plant reproductive success. Nevertheless, this proxy may not accurately reflect the number of seeds dispersed, an assumed better proxy for total fitness (fruit removal × mean number of seeds dispersed per fruit).MethodsWe examined under what circumstances fruit removal can be reliable as a proxy for total fitness when assessing bird‐mediated selection on fruit traits. In three populations of the Blue Passionflower (Passiflora caerulea), we used the number of fruits pecked per plant as a surrogate for fruit removal to estimate phenotypic selection on fruit and seed traits, and simulations of the effect of the fruit‐seed number trade‐off on the number of fruits removed.ResultsFruit removal was a good indicator of fitness, accounting for 55 to 68% of the variability in total fitness, measured as total number of seeds removed. Moreover, multivariate selection analyses on fruit crop size, mean fruit diameter and mean seed number using fruit removal as a fitness proxy yielded similar selection regimes to those using total fitness. Simulations showed that producing more fruits, a lower number of seeds per fruit, and a higher variability in seed number can result in a negative relationship between fruit removal and total fitness.ConclusionsOur results suggest that fruit removal can be reliably used as a proxy for total fitness when (1) there is a weak fruit number‐seed number trade‐off, (2) fruit crop size and fruit removal correlate positively, and (3) seed number variability does not largely exceed fruit number variability.
Evolution of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lesions at the Sacroiliac Joints During and After Pregnancy by Serial Magnetic Resonance Imaging From Gestational Week Twenty to Twelve Months Postpartum
Authors: Kiil Rosa Marie , Weber Ulrich , Loft Anne Gitte , Maimburg Rikke Damkjær , Jurik Anne Grethe 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveSacroiliac (SI) joint magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings simulating sacroiliitis related to axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) may occur in women before and after birth. This study was undertaken to explore the prevalence, evolution, and topography of SI joint MRI lesions in pregnant and postpartum women.MethodsA prospective cohort study included 103 first‐time mothers who underwent up to 5 serial SI joint MRI between gestational week 20 and 12 months postpartum. After calibration, 3 assessors independently evaluated bone marrow edema (BME), including sacroiliitis according to the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS), as well as structural lesions, using the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) and a novel 2‐plane assessment method.ResultsBME was frequent both during pregnancy and the postpartum period, peaking at 3 months postpartum with a prevalence of 69% (SPARCC) and 80% (2‐plane method), but still present in 54% (SPARCC) and 58% (2‐plane method) of subjects at 12 months postpartum. At 12 months postpartum, sacroiliitis according to the current ASAS definition was met in 41%, while 21% and 14% of women fulfilled the newly proposed ASAS MRI thresholds for active and structural SI joint lesions, respectively. BME clustered in the anterior middle joint portions at all time points, and ligamentous BME was rare. At 12 months postpartum, SPARCC erosion scores ≥3 (ASAS threshold) were observed in only 2.8% of women.ConclusionAt 12 months postpartum, 41% of women met the current ASAS sacroiliitis definition, which may result in false‐positive assignments of axial SpA diagnosis in postpartum women with back pain. The topographical BME distribution and virtually absent erosions (ASAS threshold) at 12 months postpartum may help discriminate postpartum strain‐related conditions from axial SpA–related sacroiliitis.
Tuberculous tenosynovitis of the hand: A challenging diagnosis
Authors: Kefi Asma , Ben Abdelghani Khaoula , Ben Jemaa Ilef , Elleuch Mounira , Sassi Cyrine , Jrad Myriam , Turki Sami , Abderrahim Ezzeddine 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTuberculous tenosynovitis of the hand is a very rare condition. Herein, we report the case of tuberculous tenosynovitis of the hand in a 32‐year‐old woman. We highlight the success of anti tuberculosis drugs alone without resort to surgical treatment.
Ru/ReOx/TiO2 Selective and Reusable Catalyst for C−O Hydrogenolysis of C4 Polyols
Authors: Virgilio Emanuel M. , Padró Cristina L. , Sad María E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study reports the selective obtaining of butanediols, mainly 23BDO and 12BDO isomers, by C−O hydrogenolysis of erythritol on Ru (2 %wt.) supported on titania at 473 K and 25 bar H2 and their modification with Re species that improve the selectivity to C−O hydrogenolysis over other reactions (C−C hydrogenolysis, dehydration, etc). The dependence of the catalytic activity with reaction temperature and reactants concentrations is also discussed. Characterization by XPS, TEM and TPR indicates that the surface of rhenium modified Ru is formed by small particles (<3 nm) of Ru0 in contact with Re+IV (Re/Ru molar ratio ≈1). Over this catalyst (Ru/ReOx/TiO2) close or even higher BDO yields than previous values reported on other noble metals were obtained, making it very attractive since Ru is more economical than Pt, Ir or Rh metal. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Ru/ReOx/TiO2 was also stable and allowed to be reused in at least three consecutive reactions.
Hydrogen Production from Formic Acid by In Situ Generated Ni/CdS Photocatalytic System under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Feng Kai‐Wen , Li Yang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSimple and practical noble‐metal‐free catalyzed hydrogen production from sustainable resources, such as renewable formic acid, is highly desirable. Herein, the development of an efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production from aqueous solution of formic acid using in situ generated Ni/CdS photocatalytic system was described. CdS−Cys (Cys=l‐cysteine) quantum dots (QDs) acting as photocatalyst with Ni(OAc)2 as H2 production catalyst precursor, a 94 % yield was obtained within 5 h under visible light irradiation at 50 °C. The average rate of H2 production reached up to 282 μmol mg−1 h−1 with 99.8 % H2 selectivity. Mechanistic studies indicate cooperation of dynamic quenching and static quenching of CdS−Cys QDs by Ni(OAc)2. Especially, Ni0, generated in the dynamic quenching, accelerated the electron transfer by acting as an electron outlet and enhancing the stability of CdS to slow down the photocorrosion distinctly, delivering efficient H2 production with high selectivity. Our study will inspire exploration of various efficient non‐noble‐metal catalysts for practical H2 production from bio‐based formic acid.
A novel constraint‐based improved equilibrium optimization for global peak tracking of photovoltaic system under complex shading conditions
Authors: KT Swetha , Venugopal Reddy Barry 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThe P–V characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) array exhibit multiple peaks during partial shading conditions (PSCs). Traditional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) approaches are unable to locate the global power point and frequently converge to the local power point. In recent years, evolutionary techniques have given a satisfactory result by tracking global maximum power point (GMPP) but at the cost of ample memory storage and computational burden. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved equilibrium optimization (IEO) technique to track maximum power from the solar photovoltaic system under PSC. The reduced search space exploration by using the skipping method is implemented to improve the convergence speed. The proposed IEO algorithm is capable of differentiating between uniform shading, different PSCs, and solar intensity variation with fast tracking speed. Similarly, the proposed algorithm has been compared with deterministic Jaya (DM‐Jaya), crow search algorithm (CSA), and equilibrium optimization (EO) algorithms. The effectiveness of the proposed IEO technique‐based MPPT has been validated through simulations and experiments. The results demonstrate the capability of IEO in tracking GMPP with an average efficiency of 99.72% and average tracking time of 0.708 s. Further, the proposed algorithm has been implemented for grid integration under PSC. The results reveal that the proposed method has high PV tracking efficiency, negligible steady‐state error, a low MPPT period, and a quick convergence velocity.
An optimal power management circuit with a dynamic subthreshold start‐up for thermal energy harvesting
Authors: Sern Mi Lim Michelle , Heng Yeo Kim , Hamid Md. Ali Sawal 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThis work's power management circuit (PMC) employs optimum power point (OPP) instead of conventional maximum power point (MPP) extraction from the thermoelectric generator (TEG) for efficient source to load energy transfer. Based on postlayout verification of the TSMC 180‐nm deep submicron model, this PMC generates above 100
W of power with a regulated output of 2.5 V within 40 ms from 285‐mV cold‐start. The main contribution here is the constant time OPP extraction technique at 125.33
s. Also, the PMC is almost fully on‐chip with layout area of 3.8 mm by 3.25 mm for RTEG between 0.29
and 4.17
. OPP can be achieved by matching these RTEG values to the corresponding off‐chip inductor, L. Using an overall figure‐of‐merit (FOM) to evaluate different design goals results in overall OPP‐based PMC having at least 2.85 times superior FOM compared to prior arts with MPP‐based schemes. This overall improvement in speed, power, and pumping efficiency facilitates battery‐less solutions in TEG‐based wearable sensor applications.