bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autologous dual-tissue transplantation and autologous osteochondral transplantation for osteochondral defects in the weight-bearing area: a comparative study in pig knee
Authors: shi Rongmao , Wang Gang , Chen Zhian , Yuan Libo , Zhou Tianhua , Tan Hongbo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Osteochondral injury is one of the common sports injuries. Hyaline cartilage does not regenerate spontaneously when injured, and Osteochondral injuries can cause pain, swelling, catching, and limited mobility and lead to early osteoarthritis. Numerous treatment methods for osteochondral repair have been implemented, including auto- and allogeneic osteochondral transplantations, combined bone and chondrocyte transplantations, and synthetic implants, but no gold-standard treatment has been established. Osteochondral autograft transplantation (OAT) is widely used in clinical practice and is a treatment best reserved for small osteochondral lesions in the knee that are < 2cm2 in size. Autologous dual-tissue transplantation (ADTT) is a promising method with more comprehensive indications for osteochondral injuries, but fewer studies have been reported. This study aimed to compare the histological and radiographic results of ADTT and OAT using a pig model.
Methods: Osteochondral defects were made in 12 Dian-nan Small-Ear pigs with bilateral medial condyles of the knee and divided into three groups: ADTT group (n = 8), OAT group (n = 8), and empty control group (n = 8). Gross evaluation by ICRS score, radiographic assessment by CT and MOCART score based on MRI, and histological evaluation by O'Driscoll histological score of the repair tissue was performed at 2 and 4 months postoperatively.
Results: At 2 months postoperatively, the ICRS score of gross evaluation, CT evaluation, MOCART score based on MRI, and O'Driscoll score of the OAT group was better than the ADTT group (P < 0.05); at 4 months postoperatively, these results of OAT group better than ADTT group but without significant differences (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: Using the Dian-nan Small-Ear pig model, ADTT and OAT are effective treatments for osteochondral defects in weight-bearing areas. ADTT can be used as an alternative procedure to OAT for treating osteochondral defects.
Lp − Lq Estimates for the Solution of the Dunkl-Klein-Gordon Equation
Authors: Bedhiafi Mounir , Gaidi Mohamed 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In Dunkl theory on \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\) which generalizes classical Fourier analysis, we study the boundedeness of the solution of the Klein-Gordon equation given by$$\partial_{t}^{2}u-\Delta_{x}u=-m^{2}u \ , \ \ \ u (x,0)=g(x) \ , \ \ \ \partial_{t}u(x,0)=f(x)$$with \$m > 0 \(\and \<span>$</span>\partial_{t}^{2}u\) \is the second derivative of the solution \(u\) with respect to \(t\) and \(\Delta_{x}u\) is the Laplacian with respect to \(x\) and \(g\) and \(f\) the two functions in \(\mathcal{S}(\mathbb{R}^{n})\) which surround the initial conditions. We gives \$L^{p}-L^{q} \(\estimates satisfied by the solution of the Klein-Gordon equation for cerain values of\) p \(and\) q$ in the Dunkl setting.
Driver Intention Prediction Based on Multi-Dimensional Cross-Modality Information Interaction
Authors: Xue Mengfan , Zheng Jiannan , Tao Li , Wang Yuerong , Peng Dongliang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Driver intention prediction allow drivers to perceive possible dangers in the fastest time and has become one of the most important research topics in the field of self-driving in recent years. In this study, we propose a driver intention prediction method based on multi-dimensional cross-modality information interaction. First, an efficient video recognition network is designed to extract channel-temporal features of in-side (driver) and out-side (road) videos respectively, in which we design a cross-modality channel-spatial weight mechanism to achieve information interaction between the two feature extraction networks corresponding respectively to the two modalities, and we also introduce a contrastive learning module by which we force the two feature extraction networks to enhance structural knowledge interaction. Then, the obtained representations of in- and out-side videos are fused using a Res-Layer based module to get a preliminary prediction which is then corrected by incorporating the GPS information to obtain a final decision. Besides, we employ a multi-task framework to train the entire network. We validate the proposed method on the public dataset Brain4Car, and the results show that the proposed method achieves competitive results in accuracy while balancing performance and computation.
Expanding The Lexicon in Yemeni Arabic: A Study of (Non)Morphological Arabic Language
Authors: Al-Hamzi Ali Mohammed Saleh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
(Non)morphological word generation processes are one way to expand a language's lexicon. In this regard, the current study's specific goal is to explore the (non)morphological processes that Yemeni Urban Arabic (YUA) and Yemeni Rural Arabic (YRA) native speakers utilize to broaden their lexicons. The qualitative descriptive technique design was used to describe the data obtained in this study. The data was gathered from six individuals (4 males and 2 females) who are native speakers of the YA language. Using a high-fidelity digital recorder that was both tiny and lightweight, the data was recorded and saved. Respondents of YA native speakers (4 males and 2 females) were questioned in an interview to get the data. Specifically, the data set is comprised of transcriptions of recorded tokens that have been classified based on the (non)morphological processes that they have through. In this study, the researcher discovered a variety of (non)morphological processes that native speakers of Yemeni Urban Arabic and Yemeni Rural Arabic employ to broaden their lexicon. Morphological processes include suppletion, affixation, vowel mark placement, diminution, and conversion whereas univerbation, borrowing, and word creation are some of the non-morphological processes investigated in this study. Thus, the present research is focused on the (non)morphological mechanisms utilized to extend the YUA and YRA lexicons, respectively. This study's implications were also explained. So further research is required to identify how speakers of YBA (nomads) expand their linguistic repertoire.
A revisit to the phase transition behavior of K-feldspar at high-pressure and high-temperature: Implications on metastable K-feldspar in cold subduction
Authors: He Chengcheng , Li Heping 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Felsic gneiss is a major type of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rock in continental subduction zones. As an important mineral of felsic gneiss, the phase behavior of K-feldspar is of great significance for studying subducting seismic activities, crust-mantle interactions, and plate tectonics in the Earth’s interior. In this study, we investigated the phase relations in K-feldspar using Raman spectroscopy combined with externally heating diamond-anvil cell (DAC) under high-pressure (28 GPa), high-temperature (400 °C), and simultaneous high pressure-temperature (P-T) (14 GPa, 430 °C) conditions. The phase diagram of K-feldspar at relatively low temperatures has been constructed, and together with previous results, a more comprehensive P-T phase diagram of K-feldspar is established. K-feldspar undergoes a reversible phase transition from C1 to P1 (metastable K-feldspar) symmetry at 10.3 GPa. Metastable K-feldspar is an intermediate phase from K-feldspar to K-holl-I (KAlSi3O8 with a hollandite-I structure) in extremely cold subduction slabs (&lt;2 °C/km) or the center of some old, cold, and rapidly subducting slabs. Metastable K-feldspar is stable even at 11.4 GPa and 400 °C in enriched hydroxyl group (OH) environments, which shows greater high-P-T stability than K-feldspar. Thus metastable K-feldspar could withstand subduction-zone fluids, low-temperature metamorphism, and survive to deeper than previously expected. These results enhance our understanding of the formation paths and conditions of K-holl-I, the subducted depth of K-feldspar, the effect of subduction-zone fluids on continental subduction, and provide a possible reason for the origin of intermediate- and deep-focused seismicity.
An Insight into the Combat Strategies for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus
Authors: Chawla Gita , Pradhan Tathagata , Gupta Ojasvi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Diabetes is a chronic, and metabolic disorder that has gained epidemic proportions in the
past few decades creating a threat throughout the globe. It is characterized by increased glucose levels
that may be due to immune-mediated disorders (T1DM), insulin resistance or inability to produce
sufficient insulin by β-pancreatic cells (T2DM), gestational, or an increasingly sedentary lifestyle.
The progression of the disease is marked by several pathological changes in the body like
nephropathy, retinopathy, and various cardiovascular complications. Treatment options for T1DM
are majorly focused on insulin replacement therapy. While T2DM is generally treated through oral
hypoglycemics that include metformin, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, meglitinides, incretins,
SGLT-2 inhibitors, and amylin antagonists. Multidrug therapy is often recommended when patients
are found incompliant with the first-line therapy. Despite the considerable therapeutic benefits of
these oral hypoglycemics, there lie greater side effects (weight variation, upset stomach, skin rashes,
and risk of hepatic disease), and limitations including short half-life, frequent dosing, and differential
bioavailability which inspires the researchers to pursue novel drug targets and small molecules
having promising clinical efficacy posing minimum side-effects. This review summarizes some of
the current emerging novel approaches along with the conventional drug targets to treat type 2 diabetes.
Fermentation Kinetics, Potability, and Sensory Compounds of Joubidwi:
An Ethnic Alcoholic Beverage
Authors: Deka Anamika Kalita , Deka Dibakar Chandra 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Fermentation is a metabolic pathway of the breakdown of carbohydrate
molecules like glucose, fructose to ethanol and various volatile and non-volatile congeners. The
production of alcoholic beverages from foodstuffs like rice, cereals, fruits, maize etc., is an age-old
traditional protocol. In this study, we adapted the traditional protocol of preparation of the ethnic
beverage Joubidwi, with a fermentation time of 6 days, i.e., aliquots from the fermented mash
(cooked rice) were collected on a daily basis from day 1 to day 6.

Objectives:
This study aimed to get insight into fermentation kinetics, ethanol content, carbohydrate
content, antioxidant activities, bitterness, protein content, pH, colour, and turbidity of the ethnic
alcoholic beverage Joubidwi and to identify the sensory compounds and polyphenol molecules.

Methods:
UV-Visible spectroscopic methods, GC-FID and GC-MS analytics methods were used
for the estimation and identification of carbohydrates, proteins, ethanol contents, and sensory compounds,
respectively. Reverse phase HPLC was adapted for the identification of polyphenol molecules
in Joubidwi.

Results:
A pseudo-first-order fermentation kinetics was observed from day 1 to day 6 fermentation
of Joubidwi. Apart from ethanol content (60.48 ± 1.36 mg/mL after 72 h fermentation to 78.80 ±
1.48 mg/mL after 144 h fermentation), the beverage had nutritional values and good antioxidant
properties with 22.38 to 35.11% Radical Scavenging Effect (RSE) from 1 to 6th day of fermented
Joubidwi. The beverage also contained 12 sensory compounds. Gallic acid was identified as polyphenol
in Joubidwi samples.

Conclusion:
Joubidwi is an alcoholic beverage prepared by Bodos using rice and certain herbs
through a traditional fermentation process. The fermentation process follows pseudo-first-order
kinetics. The beverage is potable.
The Effect of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles of Acalypha wilkesiana Ethyl Acetate Extract
on Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Moustafa Amal Mahmoud Youssef , Abd El-Hamid El-Damrany Maha Mohamed , Youssef Magdy Mahfouz 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Nanoparticles' precise targeting properties are becoming increasingly important in treating
cancer and starting to outweigh cancer therapies.

Methods:
The in vivo anticancer activity of ethyl acetate iron oxide nanoparticles (NPS EAE) of Acalypha wilkesiana
Müll. Mosaica was tested using Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells (EAC).

Results:
The value of the median lethal dose LD50 limit was found to be 3000 mg/kg. The value count of EAC cells
was significantly decreased to 150 ± 2.01 (106) and 275 ± 2.01 (106) cells for each preventive and therapeutic group
related to the positive group (525 ± 4.3 (106) cell. Moreover, the results of biological markers decrease in alanine amino
transferase activity (ALT), aspartate amino transferase activity (AST), creatinine (CREAT), UREA, albumin, globulin,
and total protein level according to the confident group by restoring the abnormal dissimilarity in the biomedical
parameters to normal values. Ethyl acetate nano particles induced apoptosis in hepatic and kidney cells. This was
designated by increasing the apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 associated X (BAX) level and significantly reducing
antiapoptotic assay B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) level as an antiapoptotic marker. In the apoptotic marker BAX, there
was a significant rise in therapeutic activity with a change of 273.87% and a significant increase in the preventive
group with a change of 144.69% according to the positive group. However, in the antiapoptotic marker, Bcl-2 highly
decreases in the therapeutic group and preventive group with changes -83.20% and -87.82% according to the positive
group, which has a highly significant increase with a change of 5855%.

Conclusion:
Histopathology tests showed anticancer activity against (EAC) in both the preventive group and therapeutic
group, especially in the preventive group in kidney organs showed no pathology with normal glomeruli and normal
tubules, it also showed in liver foci of lobular inflammation with mild development of a portal tract accompanied by
inflammation, but in the therapeutic group showed less activity than the preventive group as in the kidney many tubules
displayed appearances of slight tubular injury with mild acute tubular injury and in the liver, the therapeutic
group becomes a more effective representation in normal liver architecture, with no detected lobular or portal inflammation
or confluent necrosis. So the preventive group was considered as protecting agent for the kidney organ. However,
the therapeutic group is supposed to be the treatment agent for the liver organ. This is due to the fact that it has a
defensive effect rather than a curative effect. There is a possibility that it is a favorable anticancer agent. Green synthesis
of Fe3O4- NPS was successfully done using plant extract acting as a reducing, stabilizing, and capping agent.
Negative Pressure Irrigation Dynamics between Two Needle Designs using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Rahman Wan Nur Farhana Wan Abdul , Ramlan Nurul Ain , Mahmood Nik Zarina Nik , Hamid Ahmad Hussein Abdul 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the irrigation dynamics of the EndoVac and modified apical negative pressure (mANP) using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for application in endodontic irrigation.

Methodology:
A simulation of a prepared root canal (conical frustum) of 12 mm length with an apical diameter of 0.40 mm following Protaper F4 apical preparation was created using three-dimensional (3D) CAD software. 3D simulated aspiration needles (EndoVac, micropores needle) and (mANP, 30G flat open-ended needle) were also created. The irrigation dynamics were evaluated through transient CFD simulations. In addition, the irrigation dynamics of mANP were also assessed at three different needle depths of insertion.

Results:
The EndoVac and mANP streamlines pattern showed irrigants able to reach the apical end. Both needle designs demonstrated negative static apical pressure. The mANP using an open-ended needle design revealed a higher average WSS magnitude in all three different needle depths of insertion compared to the EndoVac.

Conclusion:
CFD analysis of the EndoVac and mANP revealed that different needle designs and needle depth insertion affect the irrigation dynamics pattern and magnitude in a simulated root canal. The open-ended needle design of mANP1 contributed to the higher WSS magnitude, discharge coefficient, and apical static pressure compared to the EndoVac.
Internalized Stigma and Quality of Life in Patients With Alcohol
Use Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study From Gujarat, India
Authors: Parekh Urvika , Bardolia Dhruv Devendra , Gandhi Rakesh , Nemlekar Saumitra 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Substance use disorders (SUDs) contribute to one-fifth of all disability-
adjusted life years caused by psychiatric illnesses. They have a high treatment gap. Stigma
affects the lives of people with SUDs and is shown to impede the pursuit of valued life goals
and recovery from addiction. We studied stigma and QOL in patients with Alcohol Use disorders
(AUD).

Methods:
Participants between 18 and 65 years with a clinical diagnosis of AUD were included
(inpatients and outpatients). Demographic and clinical data were recorded using a semistructured
questionnaire. ISMIS & WHOQOL-Bref questionnaires were used to assess internalized
stigma and quality of life.

Results:
Of the 141 participants, 89(63.10%) patients had severe self-stigma, 31(22.10%) patients
had moderate self-stigma, and 21(14.90) patients had mild self-stigma. In ISMIS, stigma
due to alienation (3.22) was higher than social withdrawal, discrimination, stereotype, and
stigma resistance. In the WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire, the mean score of social domain (9.45)
was the lowest compared to the other domains of the quality of life scale. A significant association
was found between the education and the duration of substance use with ISMI grades with
people with up to 10th standard education (p-value - 0.002*), living in urban areas (p-value -
0.022*), and ten or more years of substance use (p-value - 0.00002).

Conclusion:
The various domains of quality of life generally negatively correlated with the
internalized stigma score, suggesting that a greater degree of self-stigma is associated with
poorer quality of life.
Associations Between Frailty and the Increased Risk of Adverse Outcomes Among 38,950 UK Biobank Participants With Prediabetes: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Cao Xingqi , Li Xueqin , Zhang Jingyun , Sun Xiaoyi , Yang Gan , Zhao Yining , Li Shujuan , Hoogendijk Emiel O , Wang Xiaofeng , Zhu Yimin , Allore Heather , Gill Thomas M , Liu Zuyun 
Published: May 2023

Background
Compared with adults with normal glucose metabolism, those with prediabetes tend to be frail. However, it remains poorly understood whether frailty could identify adults who are most at risk of adverse outcomes related to prediabetes.

Objective
We aimed to systematically evaluate the associations between frailty, a simple health indicator, and risks of multiple adverse outcomes including incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), diabetes-related microvascular disease, cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), eye disease, dementia, depression, and all-cause mortality in late life among middle-aged adults with prediabetes.

Methods
We evaluated 38,950 adults aged 40 years to 64 years with prediabetes using the baseline survey from the UK Biobank. Frailty was assessed using the frailty phenotype (FP; range 0-5), and participants were grouped into nonfrail (FP=0), prefrail (1≤FP≤2), and frail (FP≥3). Multiple adverse outcomes (ie, T2DM, diabetes-related microvascular disease, CVD, CKD, eye disease, dementia, depression, and all-cause mortality) were ascertained during a median follow-up of 12 years. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the associations. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the results.

Results
At baseline, 49.1% (19,122/38,950) and 5.9% (2289/38,950) of adults with prediabetes were identified as prefrail and frail, respectively. Both prefrailty and frailty were associated with higher risks of multiple adverse outcomes in adults with prediabetes (P for trend <.001). For instance, compared with their nonfrail counterparts, frail participants with prediabetes had a significantly higher risk (P<.001) of T2DM (hazard ratio [HR]=1.73, 95% CI 1.55-1.92), diabetes-related microvascular disease (HR=1.89, 95% CI 1.64-2.18), CVD (HR=1.66, 95% CI 1.44-1.91), CKD (HR=1.76, 95% CI 1.45-2.13), eye disease (HR=1.31, 95% CI 1.14-1.51), dementia (HR=2.03, 95% CI 1.33-3.09), depression (HR=3.01, 95% CI 2.47-3.67), and all-cause mortality (HR=1.81, 95% CI 1.51-2.16) in the multivariable-adjusted models. Furthermore, with each 1-point increase in FP score, the risk of these adverse outcomes increased by 10% to 42%. Robust results were generally observed in sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
In UK Biobank participants with prediabetes, both prefrailty and frailty are significantly associated with higher risks of multiple adverse outcomes, including T2DM, diabetes-related diseases, and all-cause mortality. Our findings suggest that frailty assessment should be incorporated into routine care for middle-aged adults with prediabetes, to improve the allocation of health care resources and reduce diabetes-related burden.
Estudio y trabajo en tiempos de pandemia: vivencias compartidas
Authors: Meléndez Chávez Sendy 
Published: May 2023

Este texto aborda la situación que enfrentaron algunos jóvenes durante la pandemia del covid-19, al tener que combinar sus estudios con el trabajo y arriesgar su vida y su formación. Ante este contexto, la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Veracruzana (uv) implementó el Programa de Apoyo a la Formación Integral del Estudiante (pafi), el cual ofreció tutorías para reducir el riesgo de reprobación y deserción de los estudiantes, especialmente durante la pandemia. Como docentes, sentimos la responsabilidad de apoyar y motivar a los jóvenes en riesgo a través de diversas estrategias. Este texto enfatiza la importancia de la práctica docente y la reflexión crítica para enfrentar situaciones especiales, como lo ilustra un estudio de caso que muestra el papel fundamental del educador en la formación y el apoyo de estudiantes que se encuentran en una doble situación de riesgo: ser estudiante y trabajador al mismo tiempo. Estos jóvenes deben contribuir a la economía de sus hogares mientras cumplen con sus obligaciones académicas, como asistir a clases, realizar tareas y actividades, y entregar trabajos a tiempo para su evaluación y aprobación.
Alimentación y clases virtuales: experiencias de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Vacio Muro Ma. de los Ángeles , Salazar Garza Martha Leticia , Floriano Zermeño Gian Carlo , Díaz Esparza Alberto 
Published: May 2023

El confinamiento debido a la pandemia de covid-19 ha tenido un impacto en la vida de los estudiantes universitarios, especialmente en su alimentación. Estudiar desde casa ha afectado la motivación, la interacción social y las conductas relacionadas con la salud. Si bien ya se ha documentado que una vez que los jóvenes ingresan a la universidad, establecen malos hábitos de alimentación a causa del cambio en su rutina diaria, el confinamiento ha agravado la dificultad de mantener una alimentación saludable en esta etapa de vida. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer las experiencias de los universitarios al estudiar desde casa y su impacto en su alimentación. Se entrevistaron grupos de jóvenes universitarios que pasaron de estudiar en modalidad presencial a estudiar en modalidad virtual. Los participantes hablaron sobre las ventajas y desventajas de estudiar desde casa para mantener una alimentación saludable, así como los cambios que implementaron para mejorar su salud. Los jóvenes reconocieron su responsabilidad de mantener hábitos alimentarios saludables y actividad física para disminuir el estrés.