bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large U(1) charges from flux breaking in 4D F-theory models
Authors: Li Shing Yan , Taylor Washington 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We study the massless charged spectrum of U(1) gauge fields in F-theory that arise from flux breaking of a nonabelian group. The U(1) charges that arise in this way can be very large. In particular, using vertical flux breaking, we construct an explicit 4D F-theory model with a U(1) decoupled from other gauge sectors, in which the massless/light fields have charges as large as 657. This result greatly exceeds prior results in the literature. We argue heuristically that this result may provide an upper bound on charges for light fields under decoupled U(1) factors in the F-theory landscape. We also show that the charges can be even larger when the U(1) is coupled to other gauge groups.
Line defects as brane boxes in Gaiotto-Maldacena geometries
Authors: Lozano Yolanda , Petri Nicolò , Risco Cristian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We construct a new family of AdS2× S2× S2 solutions to Type IIA supergravity with 4 supercharges acting with non-Abelian T-duality on the recent class constructed in [1]. We focus on a particular solution in this class asymptoting locally to an AdS5 Gaiotto-Maldacena geometry. This solution allows for a line defect interpretation within the 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFT dual to this geometry, that we study in detail. We show that the defect branes, consisting on a non-trivial intersection of D2-D4-NS5-F1 branes, can be interpreted as baryon vertices within the 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFT, whose backreaction gives rise to the AdS2 solution. We construct the explicit quiver quantum mechanics that flows in the IR to the dual SCQM, and show that it can be embedded within the quiver CFT associated to the AdS5 solution. The quiver quantum mechanics arises from a brane box set-up of D2-branes stretched between perpendicular NS5-branes, that we construct from the AdS2 solution. We provide non-trivial checks of our proposed duality. Our construction provides one further example of the successful applications of non-Abelian T-duality to holography, in this case in providing a very non-trivial connection between AdS2 solutions, line defects and brane boxes.
Higgs boson induced reheating and ultraviolet frozen-in dark matter
Authors: Ahmed Aqeel , Grzadkowski Bohdan , Socha Anna 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A reheating phase in the early universe is an essential part of all inflationary models during which not only the Standard Model (SM) quanta are produced but it can also shed light on the production of dark matter. In this work, we explore a class of reheating models where the reheating is induced by a cubic interaction of the inflaton ϕ to the SM Higgs boson h of the form ghϕMPlϕ|h|2 adopting the α-attractor T-model of inflation. Assuming inflaton as a background field such interaction implies a ϕ-dependent mass term of the Higgs boson and a non-trivial phase-space suppression of the reheating efficiency. As a consequence, the reheating is prolonged and the maximal temperature of the SM thermal bath is reduced. In particular, due to oscillations of the inflaton field the ϕ-dependent Higgs boson mass results in periodic transitions between phases of broken and unbroken electroweak gauge symmetry. The consequences of these rapid phase transitions have been studied in detail. A purely gravitational reheating mechanism in the presence of the inflaton background, i.e., for ghϕ = 0, has also been investigated. It turned out that even though it may account for the total production of SM radiation in the absence of ghϕ, its contribution to the reheating is subdominant for the range of ghϕ considered in this work. Approximate analytical solutions of Boltzmann equations for energy densities of the inflaton and SM radiation have been obtained. As a dark matter candidate a massive Abelian vector boson, Xμ, has been considered. Various production mechanisms of Xμ have been discussed including (i) purely gravitational production from the inflaton background, (ii) gravitational freeze-in from the SM quanta, (iii) inflaton decay through a dim-5 effective operator, and (iv) Higgs portal freeze-in and Higgs decay through a dim-6 effective operator. Parameters that properly describe the observed relic abundance have been determined.
Unifying the 6D $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = (1, 1) string landscape
Authors: Fraiman Bernardo , De Freitas Héctor Parra 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We propose an organizing principle for string theory moduli spaces in six dimensions with $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 1), based on a rank reduction map, into which all known constructions fit. In the case of cyclic orbifolds, which are the main focus of the paper, we make an explicit connection with meromorphic 2D (s)CFTs with c = 24 (c = 12) and show how these encode every possible gauge symmetry enhancement in their associated 6D theories. These results generalize naturally to non-cyclic orbifolds, into which the only known string construction (to our awareness) also fits. This framework suggests the existence of a total of 47 moduli spaces: the Narain moduli space, 23 of cyclic orbifold type and 23 of non-cyclic type. Of these only 17 have known string constructions. Among the 30 new moduli spaces, 15 correspond to pure supergravity, for a total of 16 such spaces. A full classification of nonabelian gauge symmetries is given, and as a byproduct we complete the one for seven dimensions, in which only those of theories with heterotic descriptions were known exhaustively.
A Comprehensive Study on the Anti-cancer Effects of Quercetin and Its Epigenetic Modifications in Arresting Progression of Colon Cancer Cell Proliferation
Authors: Bhatiya Meenu , Pathak Surajit , Jothimani Ganesan , Duttaroy Asim K. , Banerjee Antara 
Published: February 2023

AbstractColon cancer etiology involves a wide spectrum of genetic and epigenetic alterations, finding it challenging to find effective therapeutic strategies. Quercetin exhibits potent anti-proliferative/apoptotic properties. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the anti-cancer and anti-aging effect of quercetin in colon cancer cell lines. The anti-proliferative effect of quercetin was assessed in vitro by CCK-8 in normal and colon cancer cell lines. To check the anti-aging potential of quercetin, collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase inhibitory activity assays were performed. The epigenetic and DNA damage assays were performed using the human NAD-dependent deacetylase Sirtuin-6, proteasome 20S, Klotho, Cytochrome-C, and telomerase ELISA kits. Furthermore, the aging-associated miRNA expression profiling was performed on colon cancer cells. The treatment with quercetin inhibited cell proliferation of colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Quercetin arrested colon cancer cell growth by modulating expression of aging proteins including Sirtuin-6 and Klotho and also by inhibiting telomerase activity to restrict the telomere length which is evident from qPCR analysis. Quercetin also exhibited DNA damage protection by reducing proteasome 20S levels. The miRNA expression profiling results displayed differential expression of miRNA in colon cancer cell, and in addition, the highly upregulated miRNA was involved in the regulation of cell cycle, proliferation, and transcription. Our data suggest that quercetin treatment inhibited cell proliferation in colon cancer cells through regulating the anti-aging protein expression and provides better understanding for quercetin’s potential use in colon cancer treatment.
A method for optimization against cure-induced distortion in composite parts
Authors: Cameron Christopher , Hozić Dženan , Stig Fredrik , van der Veen Sjoerd 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper describes a novel method developed for the optimization of composite components against distortion caused by cure-induced residual stresses. A novel ply stack alteration algorithm is described, which is coupled to a parametrized CAD/FE model used for optimization. Elastic strain energy in 1D spring elements, used to constrain the structure during analysis, serves as an objective function incorporating aspects of global/local part stiffness in predicted distortion. Design variables such as the number and stacking sequence of plies, and geometric parameters of the part are used. The optimization problem is solved using commercial software combined with Python scripts. The method is exemplified with a case study of a stiffened panel subjected to buckling loads. Results are presented, and the effectiveness of the method to reduce the effects of cure-induced distortion is discussed.
NiFe-based Prussian blue analogue nanopolygons hybridized with functionalized glyoxal polymer as a voltammetric platform for the determination of amisulpride in biological samples
Authors: El-Zahry Marwa R. , Ali Marwa F. B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA novel voltammetric platform based on pencil graphite electrode (PGE) modification has been proposed, containing bimetallic (NiFe) Prussian blue analogue nanopolygons decorated with electro-polymerized glyoxal polymer nanocomposites (p-DPG NCs@NiFe PBA Ns/PGE). Cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and square wave voltammetry (SWV) were utilized to investigate the electrochemical performance of the proposed sensor. The analytical response of p-DPG NCs@NiFe PBA Ns/PGE was evaluated through the quantity of amisulpride (AMS), one of the most common antipsychotic drugs. Under the optimized experimental and instrumental conditions, the method showed linearity over the range from 0.5 to 15 × 10−8 mol L−1 with a good correlation coefficient (R = 0.9995) and a low detection limit (LOD) reached, 1.5 nmol L−1, with excellent relative standard deviation for human plasma and urine samples. The interference effect of some potentially interfering substances was negligible, and the sensing platform demonstrated an outstanding reproducibility, stability, and reusability. As a first trial, the proposed electrode aimed to shed light on the AMS oxidation mechanism, where the oxidation mechanism was monitored and elucidated using the FTIR technique. It was also found that the prepared p-DPG NCs@NiFe PBA Ns/PGE platform had promising applications for the simultaneous determination of AMS in the presence of some co-administered COVID-19 drugs, which could be attributed to the large active surface area, and high conductivity of bimetallic nanopolygons.
Graphical Abstract
Experimental investigation of particle–droplet–substrate interaction
Authors: Janssen Nils , Fetzer Jana R. , Grewing Jannis , Burgmann Sebastian , Janoske Uwe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe impact of droplets on non-fixed spherical particles placed on a plane polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) substrate is investigated. This interaction is a highly abstracted level of a high-pressure spray cleaning process. Water droplets in a diameter range between 0.68 and $$1.66\,{\mathrm{mm}}$$

1.66

mm

and spherical particles (PMMA) with a diameter of 1.55 mm are used. The droplet velocity range of $$1.05 \le v_{\mathrm{d}} \le 2.0\,{\mathrm{m/s}}$$

1.05
≤

v
d

≤
2.0

m
/
s

results in a Weber number range of $$13\,\le \,{\mathrm{We}}\,\le \,94$$

13

≤

We

≤

94

. The particle-droplet-substrate interactions are investigated for different Weber numbers, droplet-to-particle diameter ratios and eccentricities. Different droplet impact scenarios are identified: A—Lift-off during initial recoil; B—Lift-off during a later recoil; C—No Lift-off, deposition of the droplet and D—No Lift-off, wetting of the substrate. The behavior of the particle-droplet-substrate interaction is determined depending on Weber number and particle-to-droplet diameter. Additionally, the analysis of the eccentricity in relation to the lift-off behavior shows that the lift-off height and duration increases with the centrality. The investigation of temporal change of the half-spread and contact angle results in a criterion for the point in time at which the lift-off takes place. Finally, a simplified analytical model is provided quantifying the probability of the lift-off of the particle-droplet system after the interaction. Experimental and analytical results are used to create a map of occurring impact regimes in terms of the particle-droplet configuration.
Oncological and functional impact of adjuvant treatments after open partial laryngeal surgery: a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis
Authors: Locatello Luca Giovanni , Jiang Serena , Chen Lixiao , Caini Saverio , Maggiore Giandomenico , Dong Pin , Gallo Oreste 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe oncological and functional role of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) after open partial laryngeal surgery (OPLS) remains debatable.MethodsA systematic review and a meta-analysis of the literature were conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Outcomes of patients receiving OPLS with and without PORT for laryngeal cancer were summarized.ResultsIn the 10 studies that were included in the meta-analysis, no significant difference emerged in terms of pooled overall survival between OPLS patients who did and who did not receive PORT (− 0.3%, 95% CI − 5.4 to 4.9%,p = 0.922). Only one study showed a significantly higher incidence of complications in the PORT cohort.ConclusionsPORT may apparently be performed after OPLS in face of adverse postoperative features without an increased risk of toxicities affecting the neolarynx. Because of the limitations in the available literature, the oncological and functional effects of PORT in this setting needs to be prospectively assessed to strengthen the evidence of this treatment strategy for laryngeal cancer.
Circumferential (360°) trabeculotomy for steroid-induced glaucoma in adults
Authors: van Rijn Laurentius J. , Eggink Catharina A. , Janssen Sarah F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of 360° circumferential trabeculotomy (TO) for steroid induced glaucoma (SIG) of short duration.MethodsRetrospective analysis of surgical results of 46 eyes of 35 patients undergoing microcatheter-assisted TO. All eyes had high intraocular pressure for at most about 3 years due to steroid use. Follow-up was between 2.63 and 47.9 months (mean 23.9, median 25.6).ResultsIntraocular pressure (IOP) before surgery was 30.8 ± 8.3 mm Hg, with 3.8 ± 1.0 pressure-lowering medications. After 1 to 2 years, mean IOP was 11.2 ± 2.6 mm Hg (n = 28); mean number of IOP-lowering medications was 0.9 ± 1.3. At their last follow-up, 45 eyes had an IOP < 21 mm Hg, and 39 eyes had an IOP < 18 mm Hg with or without medication. After 2 years, the estimated probability of having an IOP below 18 mm Hg (with or without medication) was 85 ± 6%, and the estimated probability of not using medication was 56 ± 7%. Steroid response was no longer present in all eyes receiving steroids after surgery. Minor complications consisted of hyphema, transient hypotony, or hypertony. One eye proceeded to receiving a glaucoma drainage implant.ConclusionTO is particularly effective in SIG with relative short duration. This concurs with the pathophysiology of the outflow system. This procedure seems particularly suited for eyes for which target pressures in the mid-teens are acceptable, particularly when chronic use of steroids is necessary .
The benefits of regular aerobic exercise training on cerebrovascular function and cognition in older adults
Authors: Bliss Edward S. , Biki Samia M. , Wong Rachel H. X. , Howe Peter R. C. , Mills Dean E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe compared the differences in cerebrovascular and cognitive function between 13 aerobic exercise trained, older adults and 13 age-, height- and sex-matched sedentary, untrained controls. We determined whether other measures accounted for differences in cerebrovascular and cognitive function between these groups and examined the associations between these functions. Participants undertook anthropometric, mood, cardiovascular, exercise performance, strength, cerebrovascular, and cognitive measurements, and a blood collection. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography determined cerebrovascular responsiveness (CVR) to hypercapnia and cognitive stimuli. The trained group had a higher CVR to hypercapnia (80.3 ± 7.2 vs 35.1 ± 6.7%, P < 0.001), CVR to cognitive stimuli (30.1 ± 2.9 vs 17.8 ± 1.4%, P = 0.001) and total composite cognitive score (117 ± 2 vs 98 ± 4, P < 0.001) than the controls. These parameters no longer remained statistically different between the groups following adjustments for covariates. There were positive correlations between the total composite cognitive score and CVR to hypercapnia (r = 0.474, P = 0.014) and CVR to cognitive stimuli (r = 0.685, P < 0.001). We observed a relationship between cerebrovascular and cognitive function in older adults and an interaction between regular lifelong aerobic exercise training and cardiometabolic factors that may directly influence these functions.
Artificial intelligence–assisted cancer diagnosis improves the efficiency of pathologists in prostatic biopsies
Authors: Eloy Catarina , Marques Ana , Pinto João , Pinheiro Jorge , Campelos Sofia , Curado Mónica , Vale João , Polónia António 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPaige
Prostate is a clinical-grade artificial intelligence tool designed to assist the pathologist in detecting, grading, and quantifying prostate cancer. In this work, a cohort of 105 prostate core needle biopsies (CNBs) was evaluated through digital pathology. Then, we compared the diagnostic performance of four pathologists diagnosing prostatic CNB unaided and, in a second phase, assisted by Paige Prostate. In phase 1, pathologists had a diagnostic accuracy for prostate cancer of 95.00%, maintaining their performance in phase 2 (93.81%), with an intraobserver concordance rate between phases of 98.81%. In phase 2, pathologists reported atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) less often (about 30% less). Additionally, they requested significantly fewer immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies (about 20% less) and second opinions (about 40% less). The median time required for reading and reporting each slide was about 20% lower in phase 2, in both negative and cancer cases. Lastly, the average total agreement with the software performance was observed in about 70% of the cases, being significantly higher in negative cases (about 90%) than in cancer cases (about 30%). Most of the diagnostic discordances occurred in distinguishing negative cases with ASAP from small foci of well-differentiated (less than 1.5 mm) acinar adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, the synergic usage of Paige Prostate contributes to a significant decrease in IHC studies, second opinion requests, and time for reporting while maintaining highly accurate diagnostic standards.
Digital health tools for pain monitoring in pediatric oncology: a scoping review and qualitative assessment of barriers and facilitators of implementation
Authors: Simon J. D. H. P. , Hooijman I. S. , Van Gorp M. , Schepers S. A. , Michiels E. M. C. , Tissing W. J. E. , Grootenhuis M. A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to systematically identify and characterize existing digital health tools for pain monitoring in children with cancer, and to assess common barriers and facilitators of implementation.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and PsycINFO) was carried out to identify published research on mobile apps and wearable devices focusing on acute and/or chronic pain in children (0–18 years) with cancer (all diagnoses) during active treatment. Tools had to at least include a monitoring feature for one or more pain characteristic(s) (e.g., presence, severity, perceived cause interference with daily life). Project leaders of identified tools were invited for an interview on barriers and facilitators.

Results
Of 121 potential publications, 33 met inclusion criteria, describing 14 tools. Two methods of delivery were used: apps (n=13), and a wearable wristband (n=1). Most publications focused on feasibility and acceptability. Results of interviews with project leaders (100% response rate), reveal that most barriers to implementation were identified in the organizational context (47% of barriers), with financial resources and insufficient time available mentioned most often. Most factors that facilitated implementation related to end users (56% of facilitators), with end-user cooperation and end-user satisfaction mentioned most often.

Conclusions
Existing digital tools for pain in children with cancer were mostly apps directed at pain severity monitoring and little is still known about their effectiveness. Paying attention to common barriers and facilitators, especially taking into account realistic funding expectations and involving end users during early stages of new projects, might prevent evidence based interventions from ending up unused.
Effects of reducing excess dental adhesive on bacterial adhesion in the bracket periphery
Authors: Hennig Christoph-Ludwig , Blochberger Bijan , Symmank Judit , Nitzsche Ánn , Nietzsche Sandor , Steiniger Frank , Dederichs Marco , Güllmar André , Reise Markus , Schulze-Späte Ulrike , Sigusch Bernd , Jacobs Collin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objectives
White spot lesions are one of the most common side effects of orthodontic therapy with a multibracket appliance and may indicate a preliminary stage of caries, also known as initial caries. Several approaches may be utilized to prevent these lesions, such as reducing bacterial adhesion in the area surrounding the bracket. This bacterial colonization can be adversely affected by a number of local characteristics. In this context, the effects of excess dental adhesive in the bracket periphery were investigated by comparing a conventional bracket system with the APC flash-free bracket system.

Materials and methods
Both bracket systems were applied to 24 extracted human premolars, and bacterial adhesion with Streptoccocus sobrinus (S. sobrinus) was performed for 24 h, 48 h, 7 d, and 14 d. After incubation, bacterial colonization was examined in specific areas by electron microscopy.

Results
Overall, significantly fewer bacterial colonies were found in the adhesive area around the APC flash-free brackets (n = 507 ± 13 bacteria) than the conventionally bonded bracket systems (n = 850 ± 56 bacteria). This is a significant difference (**p = 0.004). However, APC flash-free brackets tend to create marginal gaps with more bacterial adhesion in this area than conventional bracket systems (n = 265 ± 31 bacteria). This bacterial accumulation in the marginal-gap area is also significant (*p = 0.029).

Conclusion
A smooth adhesive surface with minimal adhesive excess is beneficial for reducing bacterial adhesion but also poses a risk of marginal gap formation with subsequent bacterial colonization, which can potentially trigger carious lesions.

Clinical relevance
To reduce bacterial adhesion, the APC flash-free bracket adhesive system with low adhesive excess might be beneficial.
APC flash-free brackets reduce the bacterial colonization in the bracket environment.
A lower number of bacteria can minimize white spot lesions in the bracket environment.
APC flash-free brackets tend to form marginal gaps between the bracket adhesive and the tooth.