bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significant Hall–Petch effect in micro-nanocrystalline electroplated copper controlled by SPS concentration
Authors: Kao Yu-Jyun , Li Yu-Ju , Shen Yu-An , Chen Chih-Ming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectroplated Cu has been extensively applied in advanced electronic packaging, and its mechanical properties are critical for reliability. In this study, Cu foils fabricated through electroplating with various bis-(3-sulfopropyl) disulfide (SPS) concentrations are examined using tensile tests. The SPS concentration affects the grain size of the electroplated Cu foils, resulting in different mechanical properties. A significant Hall–Petch effect, $${\sigma }_{y} = 197.4 + 0.12{d}^{\frac{-1}{2}}$$

σ
y

=
197.4
+
0.12

d

-
1

2

, is demonstrated for the electroplated Cu foils. The different concentrations of impurities identified through time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry correspond to the different grain sizes, determining the transgranular and intergranular fracture during the tensile test. The results demonstrate that the SPS concentration controlling the microstructures of the electroplated Cu results in a Hall–Petch effect on the mechanical properties of the electroplated Cu foils.
Exotic alleles contribute to heat tolerance in wheat under field conditions
Authors: Molero Gemma , Coombes Benedict , Joynson Ryan , Pinto Francisco , Piñera-Chávez Francisco J. , Rivera-Amado Carolina , Hall Anthony , Reynolds Matthew P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGlobal warming poses a major threat to food security and necessitates the development of crop varieties that are resilient to future climatic instability. By evaluating 149 spring wheat lines in the field under yield potential and heat stressed conditions, we demonstrate how strategic integration of exotic material significantly increases yield under heat stress compared to elite lines, with no significant yield penalty under favourable conditions. Genetic analyses reveal three exotic-derived genetic loci underlying this heat tolerance which together increase yield by over 50% and reduce canopy temperature by approximately 2 °C. We identified anAe. tauschiiintrogression underlying the most significant of these associations and extracted the introgressedAe. tauschiigenes, revealing candidates for further dissection. Incorporating these exotic alleles into breeding programmes could serve as a pre-emptive strategy to produce high yielding wheat cultivars that are resilient to the effects of future climatic uncertainty.
Branching mechanism of photoswitching in an Fe(II) polypyridyl complex explained by full singlet-triplet-quintet dynamics
Authors: Rozgonyi Tamás , Vankó György , Pápai Mátyás 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt has long been known that irradiation with visible light converts Fe(II) polypyridines from their low-spin (singlet) to high-spin (quintet) state, yet mechanistic interpretation of the photorelaxation remains controversial. Herein, we simulate the full singlet-triplet-quintet dynamics of the [Fe(terpy)2]2+ (terpy = 2,2’:6’,2”-terpyridine) complex in full dimension, in order to clarify the complex photodynamics. Importantly, we report a branching mechanism involving two sequential processes: a dominant 3MLCT→3MC(3T2g)→3MC(3T1g)→5MC, and a minor 3MLCT→3MC(3T2g)→5MC component. (MLCT = metal-to-ligand charge transfer, MC = metal-centered). While the direct 3MLCT→5MC mechanism is considered as a relevant alternative, we show that it could only be operative, and thus lead to competing pathways, in the absence of 3MC states. The quintet state is populated on the sub-picosecond timescale involving non-exponential dynamics and coherent Fe-N breathing oscillations. The results are in agreement with the available time-resolved experimental data on Fe(II) polypyridines, and fully describe the photorelaxation dynamics.
Multiple extended target tracking based on distributed multi‐sensor fusion and shape estimation
Authors: Yang Jinlong , Xu Mengfan , Liu Jianjun , Li Fangdi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDistributed multi‐sensor fusion based on the generalised covariance intersection (GCI) fusion has been widely integrated into the Random Finite Set theory, which is promising for multi‐target tracking with an unknown number of targets. However, it has not been widely investigated in the multiple extend target tracking (METT) field, and there is still an open problem on how to solve the inconsistency of label space among the sensors. For these problems, we first introduce the GCI fusion into the METT and proposed an association algorithm by considering the estimated shapes and the target positions to avoid the phenomenon of the label inconsistency as well as to reduce the computational burden. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has a better tracking performance than the traditional METT algorithms.
Community-engaged ancient DNA project reveals diverse origins of 18th-century African descendants in Charleston, South Carolina
Authors: Fleskes Raquel E. , Cabana Graciela S. , Gilmore Joanna K. , Juarez Chelsey , Karcher Emilee , Oubré La’Sheia , Mishoe Grant , Ofunniyin Ade A. , Schurr Theodore G. 
Published: January 2023

In this study, we present the results of community-engaged ancient DNA research initiated after the remains of 36 African-descended individuals dating to the late 18th century were unearthed in the port city of Charleston, South Carolina. The Gullah Society of Charleston, along with other Charleston community members, initiated a collaborative genomic study of these ancestors of presumed enslaved status, in an effort to visibilize their histories. We generated 18 low-coverage genomes and 31 uniparental haplotypes to assess their genetic origins and interrelatedness. Our results indicate that they have predominantly West and West-Central African genomic ancestry, with one individual exhibiting some genomic affiliation with populations in the Americas. Most were assessed as genetic males, and no autosomal kin were identified among them. Overall, this study expands our understanding of the colonial histories of African descendant populations in the US South.
Cardiorespiratory fitness and targeted proteomics involved in brain and cardiovascular health in children with overweight/obesity
Authors: Plaza‐Florido Abel , Rodriguez‐Ayllon Maria , Altmäe Signe , Ortega Francisco B. , Esteban‐Cornejo Irene 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and brain health impairments. However, the molecular mechanisms linking CRF to health in children are poorly understood. We aimed to examine protein levels related to brain health and CVD in plasma of fit compared to unfit children with overweight/obesity (OW/OB). Eighty‐seven children with OW/OB (10.08 ± 1.1 years, 59% boys) from the ActiveBrains project were included. CRF was measured by performing a treadmill test, and children were categorized into fit or unfit. Targeted proteomics in plasma was performed using Olink's proximity extension assay technology of Neurology panel in the whole sample and of Cardiovascular panel in a subsample. Sixteen proteins (PLXNB3, sFRP3, CLEC1B, RSPO1, Gal8, CLEC10A, GCP5, MDGA1, CTSC, LAT, IL4RA, PRSS27, CXCL1, Gal9, MERTK, and GT) were differentially expressed between fit and unfit children with OW/OB after adjusting for sex, maturational status, and body mass index. However, statistically significant differences disappeared after applying FDR correction. Potential candidate proteins related to CRF levels in children with OW/OB were detected, being involved in several biological processes such as neurogenesis, immune/inflammatory response, signal transduction, platelet activation. Nevertheless, these preliminary findings should be confirmed or contrasted in future studies using larger sample sizes, longitudinal and experimental designs.
Carrollian hydrodynamics from symmetries
Authors: Freidel Laurent , Jai-akson Puttarak 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this work, we revisit Carrollian hydrodynamics, a type of non-Lorentzian hydrodynamics which has recently gained increasing attentions due to its underlying connection with dynamics of spacetime near null boundaries, and we aim at exploring symmetries associated with conservation laws of Carrollian fluids. With an elaborate construction of Carroll geometries, we generalize the Randers–Papapetrou metric by incorporating the fluid velocity field and the sub-leading components of the metric into our considerations and we argue that these two additional fields are compulsory phase space variables in the derivation of Carrollian hydrodynamics from symmetries. We then present a new notion of symmetry, called the near-Carrollian diffeomorphism, and demonstrate that this symmetry consistently yields a complete set of Carrollian hydrodynamic equations. Furthermore, due to the presence of the new phase space fields, our results thus generalize those already presented in the previous literatures. Lastly, the Noether charges associated with the near-Carrollian diffeomorphism and their time evolutions are also discussed.
Evaluation method for the design results of space gravitational-wave telescopes
Authors: Li Jiancong , Lin Hongan , Huang Yaozhang , Yu Miao , Luo Jiaxiong , Xiao Zihao , Wang Zhi , Wu Yanxiong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Unlike traditional imaging telescopes, space gravitational-wave telescope has higher requirements for wavefront error and must meet the stability requirement of tilt-to-length (TTL). The tolerance analysis results of current telescopes can judge whether the wavefront error meets the requirements, but they cannot be used as the judgment result of the TTL noise coupling coefficient of the telescope. To analyze the influence of manufacturing errors of the telescope on the coupling coefficient of TTL noise, based on the error amount and the Zernike polynomial first-order sensitivity matrix, we established the sensitivity matrix of the mapping relationship between telescope manufacturing errors and coupling coefficients. For example, consider the design results of an off-axis four-mirror space gravitational-wave telescope. If the wavefront error was used as the judgment result to determine the tolerance distribution, the cumulative probability of the coupling coefficient meeting the requirements would be 66.7%. Furthermore, using the coupling coefficient as the control requirement and determining the tolerance allocation results according to the coupling coefficient sensitivity matrix, the cumulative probability increased to 93.8%. The necessity of using the coupling coefficient as an evaluation method for the design results of gravitational-wave telescopes was verified. This evaluation method can provide meaningful guidance for the design results of gravitational-wave telescopes.
Improved PPP-RTK positioning performance by using the elevation-dependent weighting model for the atmospheric delay corrections
Authors: Liu Min , Yin Xiao , Xiang Minzhi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
With satellite phase bias products, integer ambiguity resolution (AR) enabled precise point positioning (PPP) can be achieved, that is, PPP-real-time kinematic (RTK). However, PPP-AR still requires minutes to converge to centimeter-level accuracy, as atmospheric delay parameters need to be estimated in the user un-combined (UC) model. To shorten the convergence time, reference-network-derived atmospheric delay corrections are often directly corrected for raw code/phase observables, without considering their uncertainties, thereby causing model errors. In this study, we propose a new ionosphere-weighted model, in which an elevation-dependent weight is adopted. To evaluate the proposed model, on-board kinematic experiments were conducted based on GPS/Galileo/BDS2/ BDS3 dual-frequency measurements. Compared with the positioning results of the traditional determined variance weight, the proportion of horizontal errors less than 5 cm is increased from 70% to 80%, and horizontal accuracy is improved by 22% and 9.8% at the 68th and 95th percentile, respectively, indicating that the proposed model can improve the PPP-RTK performance.
Estimation of the melting threshold of Ti supersaturated Si using time resolved reflectometry and haze measurements
Authors: Montero D , Caudevilla D , Algaidy S , Garcia-Hernansanz R , Suler A , Acosta-Alba P , Kerdiles S , Pastor D , Garcia-Hemme E , Roy F , Olea J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Hyperdoped or supersaturated semiconductors are gathering the attention of industry and research institutions due to their sub-bandgap photon absorption properties. In this study, two fast and non-invasive techniques, time-resolved reflectometry (TRR) and Haze Measurements, are applied to infer the melt and solidification regimes of Ti supersaturated 300 mm silicon wafers, aiming to ease the characterization process towards high volume manufacturing of supersaturated materials. Ti supersaturation is attained by using an ion implantation process with a dose 3 × 1015 cm−2, which amorphizes the surface. Crystalline quality is then recovered by means of a XeCl UV nanosecond laser annealing process. TRR technique is used to determine two different melting and solidification processes of the laser annealed implanted surface. A first brief, low temperature peak (α peak) is associated with the melting process of the amorphized surface, followed by a longer peak/plateau (β
1 peak/plateau), linked to the melting process of the crystalline phase below the amorphized layer, at sufficiently high laser fluences. Haze technique is used to indirectly measure the crystalline quality after the solidification process of the laser-annealed surface. Atomic force microscopy measurements are used to obtain the surface roughness value and cross-section high resolution transmission electron microscopy micrographs to check crystalline quality.
Comprehensive study on fatigue degradation of road piezoelectric energy harvesters under thermal-mechanical coupling effect
Authors: Liu Zhiming , Duan Wei , Wang Jun , Cai Guojun , He Huan , Qin Xiangzhen , Ye Feilong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Recent years have seen significant advancements in the field of road vibration energy harvesting using piezoelectric technology, including the watt-level road piezoelectric energy harvesters (RPEHs). However, research on the fatigue life of RPEH under thermal-mechanical coupling effect is lacking. In this study, six lead zirconate titanate (PZT) block piezoelectric transducers with distinct properties were fabricated, and five transducer structures were compared. The effects of piezoelectric material properties, pavement temperature, and transducer structure on RPEH fatigue degradation were investigated using approximately 23 million mechanical loads. The findings revealed that the output power of the soft PZT was significantly greater than that of the hard PZT under low-frequency cyclic loading. However, the Curie temperature decreased with an increasing piezoelectric constant of the soft PZT. Therefore, the stability of the output voltage worsened as the ambient temperature approached half the Curie temperature. Specifically, when the ambient temperature was 50 °C, the output failure phenomenon readily occurred during the initial stage of fatigue loading. By optimizing the transducer structure, the fatigue characteristics and high-temperature failure phenomenon of RPEH could be effectively improved. The coupling output modes of d
33 and d
31 were superior to that of the d
33 mode. Among these, the drum transducer exhibited the highest output performance and operational stability across different ambient temperatures, excitation frequencies, and displacements. After six million intermittent loads over 15 d (equivalent to two years of traffic load), the output power decreased from 6.51 to 6.02 mW with a degradation rate of merely 7.53%, indicating a promising application prospect. The results provide an crucial design foundation for the entire life cycle operation of RPEH in road engineering.
Experimental study of stability, quench propagation and detection methods on 15 kA sub-scale HTS fusion conductors in SULTAN
Authors: Bykovskiy N , Bajas H , Dicuonzo O , Bruzzone P , Sedlak K 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
High-temperature superconductors (HTSs) enable exclusive operating conditions for fusion magnets, boosting their performance up to 20 T generated magnetic fields in the temperature range from 4 K to 20 K. One of the main technological issues of HTS conductors is focused on their protection in the case of thermal runaway (quench). In spite of the extremely high thermal stability of HTS materials, quenching is still possible due to local defects along the conductor length or insufficient cooling. In such cases, the high stability results in the slow propagation of a resistive zone. Thereby, a risky hot-spot temperature (>200 K) can be reached if applying conventional quench detection methods at a voltage threshold of 0.1–0.5 V, typical for fusion magnets. Aiming at an experimental study of the phenomenon, a series of sub-scale 15 kA 3.6 m long conductors based on stacks of tapes soldered in copper profiles are manufactured at the Swiss Plasma Center, including twisted rare earth barium copper oxide (ReBCO) and bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide (BISCCO) triplets, non-twisted and solder-filled ReBCO triplets, as well as indirectly cooled non-twisted ReBCO single strands. Applying either an increasing helium inlet temperature, overcurrent operation or energy deposited by embedded cartridge heaters, critical values of the electric field and temperature are evaluated for a given operating current (up to 15 kA) and background magnetic field (up to 10.9 T). Once quenching is actually triggered, the quench propagation is studied using distributed voltage taps and temperature sensors able to monitor the external temperature of the jacket and the internal temperature of the conductor (helium or copper). Thanks to the recent upgrade of the Supraleiter Test Anlage (SULTAN) test facility, quench propagation in the conductors is measured up to a total voltage of 2 V and a peak temperature of 320 K. Furthermore, advanced quench detection methods based on superconducting insulated wires and fiber optics are also instrumented and studied. A summary of the test samples, their instrumentation and corresponding test results are presented in this work.
Techniques for Measuring Parallax and Proper Motion with VLBI
Authors: Reid M. J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Astrometry at centimeter wavelengths using Very Long Baseline Interferometry is approaching accuracies of ∼1 μas for the angle between a target and a calibrator source separated by ≲1° on the sky. The BeSSeL Survey and the Japanese VERA project are using this to map the spiral structure of the Milky Way by measuring trigonometric parallaxes of hundreds of maser sources associated with massive, young stars. This paper outlines how μas astrometry is done, including details regarding the scheduling of observations, calibration of data, and measuring positions.
Global Extinction: Gemini North and South GMOS Combined Photometry Relative to the Gaia Catalog, and Long-term Atmospheric Change
Authors: Steinbring Eric 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Effects of long-term atmospheric change were looked for in photometry employing Gemini North and South twin Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS-N and GMOS-S) archival data. The whole GMOS imaging database, beginning from 2003, was compared against the all-sky Gaia object catalog, yielding ∼106 Sloan

r
′

-filter samples, ending in 2021. These were combined with reported sky and meteorological conditions, and versus a simple model of the atmosphere plus cloud together with simulated throughputs. One exceptionally extincted episode in 2009 is seen, as is a trend (similar at both sites) of about 2 mmag worsening attenuation per decade. This is consistent with solar-radiance transmissivity records going back over six decades, aerosol density measurements, and more than 0.2°C/decade rise in air temperature, which has implications for the calibration of historic data sets or future surveys.
Extending the VDPC+BCS formalism by including three-body forces*
Authors: Xia Zi-Yu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Recently, Jia proposed a formalism to apply the variational principle to a coherent-pair condensate for a two-body Hamiltonian. The present study extends this formalism by including three-body forces. The result is the same as the so-called variation after particle-number projection in the BCS case, but now, the particle number is always conserved, and the time-consuming projection is avoided. Specifically, analytical formulas of the average energy are derived along with its gradient for a three-body Hamiltonian in terms of the coherent-pair structure. Gradient vanishment is required to obtain analytical expressions for the pair structure at the energy minimum. The new algorithm iterates on these pair-structure expressions to minimize energy for a three-body Hamiltonian. The new code is numerically demonstrated when applied to realistic two-body forces and random three-body forces in large model spaces. The average energy can be minimized to practically any arbitrary precision.
Variable energy X-ray fluorescence source
Authors: Elliott S.R. , Bond E.M. , Dodson B. , Rusev G. , Massarczyk R. , Meijer S.J. , Stortini M. , Wiseman C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We detail the design of a variable energy, x-ray fluorescence source using a low activity (1.8×106 dpm) 99Tc β source that irradiates thin foils. By rotating the source among foils of Ti, Zn, Nb, Ag, and Au, the device produces x rays between 4 and 70 keV at a rate near 1 Hz. When the source is placed in a storage position, the external radiation is non-detectable. The design of the shielding and rotation mechanism permits use in vacuum and at liquid nitrogen temperature. The design is intended for the study of the low energy response to radiation impinging upon Ge detector surfaces. The source will be useful for understanding the detector response in large-scale Ge arrays such as Majorana and LEGEND.
Determination of the radial position of zero density for profile reflectometry on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak
Authors: Zhang J. , Liu A.D. , Zhou C. , Zhuang G. , Ding W.X. , Hu G.H. , Xu G.S. , Ding B.J. , Li M.H. , Zou X.L. , Zhang S.B. , Hu L.Q. , Feng X. , Wang S.F. , Wang M.Y. , Li H. , Lan T. , Mao W.Z. , Liu Z.X. , Xie J.L. , Liu W.D. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) reflectometry is a Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave monostatic system with the transmission lines similar to the ITER reflectometer design. One of the most significant and common problems for reflectometry to reconstruct the density profile is the determination of initialization, i.e. zero density position (R
start), which could be determined by the extraordinary mode (X-mode) reflectometry. The main source of noise still comes from the wave scattering of plasmas despite the sweeping period of around 10 microseconds. It is found that to reduce the random noise of R
start, averaging on 25 periods is the optimal solution. During the L-mode discharges with only lower hybrid wave (LHW) heating, R
start would move outwards and its fluctuation and the high frequency components of turbulence around R
start would be obviously increased when the 2.45 GHz system is switched on, while no obvious change is observed in the 4.6 GHz case. These phenomena are consistent with that 2.45 GHz LHW has less current drive ability than 4.6 GHz LHW on EAST. During ELMy H-mode, the peak of R
start is consistent with Deuterium signal and the maximum displacement is about 3 cm. The comparison of density profiles from reflectometry and Lithium beam emission spectroscopy (Li-BES) suggests that setting the density at R
start to (4 ± 2)× 1017 m-3 is much better than zero, while this value is somewhat empirical and closely related to the amplitude threshold for determining the first probing frequency corresponding to R
start.