bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and Characterisation of Phaseolus vulgaris endornavirus 1, 2 and 3 in Common Bean Cultivars of East Africa
Authors: Brine Thomas , Crawshaw Sam , Murphy Alex M. , Pate Adrienne E. , Carr John , Wamonje Francis O. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Persistent viruses include members of the family Endornavirus that cause no apparent disease and are transmitted exclusively via seed or pollen. It is speculated that these RNA viruses may be mutualists that enhance plant resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. Using reverse transcription coupled polymerase chain reactions, we investigated if common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties popular in east Africa were hosts for Phaseolus vulgaris endornavirus (PvEV) 1, 2 or 3. Out of 26 bean varieties examined, four were infected with PvEV1, three were infected with both PvEV1 and PvEV2 and three had infections of all three (PvEV) 1, 2 and 3. Notably, this was the first identification of PvEV3 in common bean from Africa. Using high throughput sequencing of two east African bean varieties (KK022 and KK072), we confirmed the presence of these viruses and generated their genomes. Intra- and inter-species sequence comparisons of these genomes with comparator sequences from GenBank revealed clear species demarcation. In addition, phylogenetic analyses based on sequences generated from the helicase domains showed that geographical distribution does not correlate to genetic relatedness or the occurrence of endornaviruses. These findings are an important first step toward future investigations to determine if these viruses engender positive effects in common bean, a vital crop in east Africa.
The incidence of positive bloodstream and urine cultures in five Australian hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mitchell Brett G , Stewardson Andrew J , Kerr Lucy , Ferguson John , Curtis Stephanie , Busija Lucy , Lydeamore Michael , Graham Kirsty , Russo Philip L 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on healthcare including increased awareness of infection prevention and control (IPC). The aim of this study was to explore if the heightened awareness of IPC measures implemented in response to the pandemic influenced the rates of healthcare associated infections (HAI) using positive bloodstream and urine cultures as a proxy measure.
Methods
A 3 year retrospective review of laboratory data from 5 hospitals (4 acute public, 1 private) from two states in Australia was undertaken. Monthly positive bloodstream culture data and urinary culture data were collected from January 2017 to March 2021. Occupied bed days (OBDs) were used to generate monthly HAI incidence per 10,000 OBDs. An interrupted time series analysis was undertaken to compare incidence pre and post February 2020 (the pre COVID-19 cohort and the COVID-19 cohort respectively). A HAI was assumed if positive cultures were obtained 48 hours after admission and met other criteria.
Results
A total of 1,988 bloodstream and 7,697 urine positive cultures were identified. The unadjusted incident rate was 25.5 /10,000 OBDs in the pre-COVID-19 cohort, and 25.1/10,000 OBDs in the COVID-19 cohort. The overall rate of HAI aggregated for all sites did not differ significantly between the two periods. The two hospitals in one state which experienced an earlier and larger outbreak demonstrated a significant downward trend in the COVID-19 cohort (p = 0.011).
Conclusion
These mixed findings reflect the uncertainty of the effect the pandemic has had on HAI’s. Factors to consider in this analysis include local epidemiology, differences between public and private sector facilities, changes in patient populations and profiles between hospitals, and timing of enhanced IPC interventions. Future studies which factor in these differences may provide further insight on the effect of COVID-19 on HAIs.
Biofacies analysis and depositional environments of Mid-Eocene Larger Benthic Foraminifera-rich deposits in Northern Tunisia
Authors: Chouat Sirine , Ayachi Mohamed Slim El , Boukhalfa Kamel , Alouani Rabeh , Boughdiri Mabrouk 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In NW Tunisia, the lateral equivalents of the Mid-Eocene “Reineche Limestone” member of the Souar Formation (Bartonian) are still poorly known. Sedimentological investigations in the “Reineche Limestone” type locality in NE Tunisia; and three correlatives, first described here from NW Tunisia, allow the reconstruction of their depositional settings and to propose a regional geodynamic context. Fossil assemblages, rock texture and fabrics plead in favor of eight micro-biofacies (Mf1 to Mf8) indicating “shoal” inner ramp to outer ramp depositional settings. The Bartonian carbonates of NE Tunisia bear LBF-dominating assemblages and subsidiary planktic and small benthic foraminifera, gastropods, algae and echinids indicating a progressive marine ramp context under oligotrophic conditions. However, correlative successions from NW Tunisia are represented by relatively thinner carbonate intervals including two main facies: 1) bioclastic limestone facies and 2) phosphorite-rich carbonates. The first is dominated by LBF assemblages suggesting the same depositional conditions as the “Reineche limestone”. However, phosphorite-rich carbonate facies is mainly characterized by peloids, bone fragments and lithoclast components with subsidiary nummulitids, planktic and small benthic foraminifers, echinids, oyster shells, brachiopod fragments and fine siliciclastic components, all suggesting oxic-suboxic to anoxic conditions for phosphorite genesis. This would have implied microbial decomposition of organic compounds and/or bacterial reduction of sulfate in shallow marine environment. These phosphorite-rich carbonate of northwestern Tunisia may serve as an example of phosphatic sediment production and accumulation during the latest episode of the Paleogene phosphatogenesis first described here from the south-Tethyan margin of Tunisia.
Current research status and frontiers of Artificial Intelligence in Stomatology: A Bibliometric Analysis (2010-2022)
Authors: Liu Shuangwei , Chen Jiaqi , Wang Jiuheng , Zhang Zhichang , Feng Haiwen , Yi Zhe 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective: In medicine, artificial intelligence (AI)-based research is growing rapidly and has become a research hotspot in Stomatology. Using bibliometric analyses, we reviewed the literature on AI in Stomatology (AIIS) between 2010 and 2022 to identify frontiers and research hotspots in this field.
Methods: On the 7th January 2023, we retrieved 1121 studies, published between 2010 and 2022, from the Web of Science Core Collection. We conducted bibliometric analyses using CiteSpace, VOSview, R package bibliometrix, and Microsoft Office Excel.
Results: We identified 1008 AIIS articles and 113 reviews published between 2010 and 2022. Publications increased rapidly from 2018; China had the most publications, but the USA had the highest H-index. Yonsei and Seoul National Universities were the most productive institutes, and Scientific Reports was the main AIIS publication journal. Reference clusters were classified into six headings: panoramic radiograph, cephalometric landmark detection, deep convolutional neural network (DCNN)-based automated segmentation, caries detection, oral cancer (OC), and automatic classification. Research hotspots and frontiers were represented by dental caries (2020–2022), dental implants (2020–2022), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (2020–2022), and computed tomography (CT) (2019–2021).
Conclusions: We objectively summarized the AIIS literature in this bibliometric analysis. According to our analysis, the number of publications related to AIIS began to increase significantly from 2018, and additionally, the current frontiers and research hotspots were identified.
Clinical relevance: This bibliometric analysis provided an overview of Artificial Intelligence in Stomatology. Study knowledge and information, especially hotspots and frontiers, will help scientists studying AIIS lay the foundations for future research.
Controls on the elemental variations of lake sediments ： a case as Guozha Co, Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Minghui , Zhu Liping , Wang Junbo , Ju Jianting , Wang Xiaoxiao , Liu Chong , Ma Qingfeng , Xu Teng , Qiao Baojin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Elements in lake sediments and lake water were commonly used in the reconstruction for the paleoenvironment and paleoclimate, and also enriched into mineral deposit, such as lithium deposit. However, previous studies seldom distinguish the elements in pore water and minerals, and also seldom considered the early diagenesis and how the elements of different properties migrated and enriched during the drying climate. This study investigated the major and trace elements of the porewater, and the carbonate and silicate minerals in a 407-cm-long core from Guozha Co, a brackish lake on the northwestern Tibetan Plateau. Our results indicated that (a) the Ca and Sr were predominantly present in carbonate minerals, while the Na, K, Mg, Li, were primarily preserved in silicate minerals. (b) the elements of porewater were closed with those of silicate minerals; (c) the Nawater, Naacid, Liwater, and Liacid were more sensitive to the drying climate than the others; (d) As the molar ratios of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca Li/Ca were different in porewater, carbonate minerals and silicate minerals, it should be careful to use the geochemical compositions of bulk sediments to discuss the paleoenvironment and paleoclimate; (e) Mgwater/Liwater were much lower than those of Mgacid/Liacid and Mgresidue/Liresidue. Low temperature favors the movement of Li in aqueous solution and carbonate minerals. This is useful for the lithium extraction from brines.
Parametric rational cubic approximation scheme for circular arcs
Authors: Shakeel Ayesha , Hussain Maria , HUSSAIN MALIK ZAWWAR 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The research paper presents a numerical method for the 𝐺2- approximation of circular arcs. The developed technique is worked on a quarter circle and the complete circle is formed using affine transformation. The optimal value of the free parameters is searched for by reducing the approximation error to its minimum. Approximation order of the proposed scheme varies from 𝑂(𝛾2) to 𝑂(𝛾4), depending on the choice of free parameters. The proposed approximation scheme has an improved level of accuracy than the prevailing schemes.
An Improved Phase Gradient Autofocus Algorithm For ISAR Phase Autofocus Problem
Authors: Fu Weihong , Li Haoyi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Phase Gradient Autofocus Algorithm (PGA) is widely used in radar imaging due to its ability to achieve high accuracy estimation of phase error of arbitrary orders. However, in inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging, the target usually occupies continuous range bins and there may be multiple stronger scatters in a range bin. In this case, the range bins selection method of the conventional algorithm tends to miss a part of the useful data contained in the target, and its windowing method also tends to cause the loss of useful high-frequency components in the range bins. Aiming at the above problems, an improved PGA algorithm is proposed in this paper. It uses an amplitude-based traversal method and Kaiser window to retain the valid echo data in the target and range bins, and eventually to achieve phase autofocus. Simulation results show that the improved method can obtain more stable and evident focusing results for ISAR target faster than the conventional method.
Determination of Trimetazidine in Urine by Capillary Electrophoresis with Amperometric Detection
Authors: Baroch Martin , Dejmkova Hana , Matysik Frank Michael 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this contribution nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis with end-column amperometric detection using a platinum ultramicroelectrode is presented along with several extraction procedures, both liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE), for extracting Trimetazidine (TMZ) from urine. Trimetazidine is an anti-ischemic drug, which changes hearth metabolism pathways and is being abused as a doping. Electrochemical detection in a non-aqueous environment provided a stable response with a relative standard deviation of only 3.6% (n = 10) in repeatability measurement at concentration of 50 µg dm-3. LOD and LOQ of the proposed method were determined as 0.054 µg dm-3 and 0.180 µg dm-3, respectively. From the point of view of LLE, the most efficient procedure was the double extraction with ethyl acetate as an extraction agent in combination with prior alkalinization of the sample by Na2CO3. Nevertheless, the extraction efficiency was only around 68%. The most efficient SPE procedure was based on the combination of HLB cartridge and elution with background electrolyte containing 20% of methanol. Its recovery reached up to 92% and 101% in case of 50 µg dm-3 and 5.0 µg dm-3 of TMZ in urine, respectively.
The performance of composite beams with X-HVB shear connectors after being subjected to fire exposure
Authors: Hamad Mays A. , Muteb Haitham H. , Salah Mustafa S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Composite construction has emerged as a highly effective methodology for construction in recent decades, typically involving hot-rolled steel beams, profiled seel decks, welded bolts, and an in-situ concrete slab reinforced with a steel mesh. This construction method offers numerous benefits, including damage resistance, good service response, and low cost. The advantages can be further enhanced through the use of X-HVB shear connectors instead of traditional weld-on bolts. X-HVB connectors offer two additional benefits: they can be used in cold rolled profiles, wet sections or rehabilitation elements, and their installation is simple and safe. The connectors are made of cold-rolled steel and come in a range of nominal heights from 40 to 140 mm. However, little previous research has focused on how the X-HVB connectors behave and affect composite beams during a fire. To investigate this, an experimental study was conducted that focused on the effect of fire exposure, the orientation of the corrugated steel plate to the steel beam, and the side of exposure to fire (from the concrete slab or steel beam). Six composite beam specimens were prepared to investigate shear strength, stiffness, and ductility, with load-deflection results obtained from the experimental work validated with proposed Digital Image Correlation (DIC) based technique results. The experimental results indicate that the capacity, stiffness and ductility of composite beams decreased upon exposure to firing, especially for those with transverse corrugated steel plates. The direction of fire exposure also had a significant impact. The DIC technique results aligned well with the test results.
Effects of Momordica balsamina on markers associated with renal dysfunction in a diet-induced prediabetic rat model
Authors: Khumalo Bongiwe , Siboto Angezwa , Akinnuga Akinjide Moses , Sibiya Ntethelelo , Khathi Andile , Ngubane Phikelelani Siphosethu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Prediabetes is an intermediate state of progression from normoglycemia to overt type 2 diabetes. Literature suggests that managing prediabetes is beneficial in delaying the onset of diabetes. Previous studies have shown that Momordica balsamina (MB) possesses anti-hyperglycaemic effects; hence in this study, its effect on renal function in diet-induced pre-diabetes was explored.
Methodology
Male Sprague-Dawley rats (130-180 g) were divided into six groups of six rats per group; Normal control, Prediabetic (PD), Metformin (500 mg/kg, p.o.) treated PD without dietary intervention (DI), MB (250 mg/kg, p.o.) treated PD without DI, Metformin treated PD with DI and MB treated PD with DI. The animals were treated for 12 weeks of the last 32 weeks where fluid intake and urinary output was measured. After 12 weeks, the animals were sacrificed, plasma, urine, and kidney samples were collected for biochemical analysis.
Results
The untreated prediabetic (PD) rats presented with increased fluid intake and urine output; increased creatinine, urea, and uric acid plasma concentrations; sodium retention; potassium loss; increased aldosterone and kidney injury molecule (KIM-1) concentration; and increased urinary podocin mRNA concentration. However, MB administration attenuated the renal markers and oxidative stress and decreased the urinary podocin mRNA expression with or without diet intervention.
Conclusion
MB administration, regardless of diet modification, attenuates renal dysfunction in an experimentally induced prediabetic state. This suggests that MB has beneficial properties in the management of pre-diabetes associated kidney dysfunction.
Sentiment Analysis based on Performance of Linear Support Vector Machine and Multinomial Na¨ıveNa¨ıve Bayes using Movie Reviews with Baseline Techniques
Authors: Daniyal Mian Muhammad , Khan Sarwar Shah , Khan Muzammil , ghaffer Muhammad Bilal , Khan Bilal , Arshad Muhammad 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Quantifying met and unmet health needs for HIV, hypertension and diabetes in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Singh Urisha , Olivier Stephen , Cuadros Diego , Castle Alison , Moosa Yumna , Edwards Jonathan Alex , Kim Hae-Young , Siedner Mark J , Tanser Frank , Wong Emily B 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The convergence of infectious and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in South Africa poses a challenge to health systems. Here we establish a framework to quantify met and unmet health needs for individuals living with infectious and NCDs. In this study, we screened adult residents >15 years of age within the uMkhanyakude district in KwaZulu- Natal, South Africa for HIV, hypertension (HPTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM). For each condition, individuals were defined as having no unmet health needs (absence of condition), met health need (condition that is well controlled), or one or more unmet health needs (including diagnosis, engagement in care, or treatment optimization). We analyzed met and unmet health needs for individual and combined conditions and investigated their geospatial distribution. We found that of 18,041 participants, 9,898 (55%) had at least one chronic condition. 4,942 (50%) of these individuals had at least one unmet health need (18% needed treatment optimization, 13% needed engagement in care, and 19% needed diagnosis). Unmet health needs varied by disease: 93% of people with DM, 58% of people with HPTN and 21% of people with HIV had unmet health needs. Geospatially, met health needs for HIV were widely distributed, unmet health needs had specific sites of concentration whilst the need for diagnosis for all three conditions was co-located. Whilst people living with HIV are predominantly well-controlled, there is a high burden of unmet health needs for people living with HPTN and DM. Adaptation of HIV models of care to integrate HIV and NCD services is of high priority.
Preparation of magnetized carrageenan-metformin as a new bio-inspired heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the synthesis of dihydropyrano[2,3- c]pyrazoles
Authors: Heydari Forouzan , Bakhtiarian Mohsen , Khodaei Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Due to environmental concerns, there is a growing interest in the eco-friendly and reusable nanocatalysts. However, preparing a benign and reusable nanomaterial with high catalytic activity is an issue of challenge. A good strategy is the modification of polysaccharides with catalytically active species followed by magnetization. Therefore, we introduced a kappa-carrageenan (Carr) based nanocatalyst modified by metformin (Met) coated on Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNPs). After thorough physicochemical characterization, the as-synthesized Carr-Met-MNPs nanocomposites demonstrated a high activity as a multifunctional nanomaterial for the four-component domino synthesis of dihydropyrano [2, 3-c] pyrazole derivatives via condensation of hydrazine hydrate, ethyl acetoacetate, malononitrile, and aromatic aldehydes. The synergistic effect of sulfonic acid and amino groups can justify the high performance of Carr-Met-MNPs nanocomposites. These nanocomposites with properties including benign solvent system, improved activity, and easy recoverability (up to 5 runs) can be quite comparable to other heterogeneous and homogeneous catalyst systems. The heterogeneity of Carr-Met-MNPs nanocomposites was also appraised by a hot filtration test under optimum reaction conditions.
Effect of Plasticizer and Compatibilizer on Properties of Polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) with Acetylated Starch
Authors: Perumal Niresha , Sreekan Srimala , Hamid Zuratul Ain Abdul , Rusli Arjulizan , Bhubalan Kesaven , Appaturi Jimmy Nelson 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Immiscible and incompatibility between the hydrophilic fiber phase and hydrophobic matrix phase results in a poor stress transfer between the two phases and deterioration in mechanical, physical, and barrier properties. Therefore, this study aims to enhance the compatibility of hydrophobic polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) and hydrophilic corn starch (CS) by substituting native corn starch with acetylated corn starch. The acetylation treatment was used to increase the hydrophobicity of CS. The native corn starch was used as a reference to study the effect of acetylation. Challenges in incorporating a high amount of hydrophilic natural filler into hydrophobic PBAT were overcome by adding plasticizer; glycerol and compatibilizers; maleic anhydride (MAH) and Dicumyl peroxide (DCP). The composite films were characterized by tensile properties, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), contact angle (CA) measurement, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology of the composites was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tensile properties of PBAT/ACS were improved by adding a compatibilizer. Meanwhile, adding plasticizer tends to improve the tensile properties of PBAT/CS. PBAT/ACS/MAH composite possessed a tensile strength of 15.47 MPa, modulus of 95.30 MPa, and strain at break of 170.81%, while PBAT/CS/30S composite possessed tensile strength of 8.59 MPa, modulus of 104.60 MPa and strain at break of 1037.91% which have potential use in packaging applications.
Schizophrenia Patients’ Perceptions of Belongingness and Expectations from Society
Authors: UZUN SEVDA , ASLAN ÇİMEN 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: The study aimed to deeply examine the perception of belongingness and expectations from society in individuals with schizophrenia.
Methods: Phenomenological research design, a qualitative research design, was used in this study. This qualitative research was conducted with 14 individuals with schizophrenia. Interviews were conducted individually and face-to-face using semi-structured forms. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis method. The diagnosis of schizophrenia causes many adverse effects like low self-esteem, depression, and collapse in individuals with schizophrenia, and they expect psychological support, prevention of stigmatization, job support, social support, and help for a sense of belongingness from society.
Results: Three main themes and thirteen sub-themes emerged from the analysis of the data. The main themes are “emotions”, “psychosocial problems”, and “expectations and needs”. Individuals with schizophrenia experience feelings of hopelessness, sadness, loneliness, loss/incompleteness/not feeling of belongingness.
Conclusion: The study revealed that individuals with schizophrenia feel that they lack a sense of belongingness and want to live as a part of society and that stigmatization should be prevented.