bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of elements of cultivation technology for winter crops and chickpea on chernozems of southern and dark chestnut soils of the Orenburg region
Authors: Yartsev G F , Baikasenov R K , Kolesnikov A A , Akhmetgaliev A T , Episheva Yu Yu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Orenburg region is characterized by a sharp continental climate. It is characterized by cold winters, and frequent droughts in summer. That is why, the most frost-resistant winter wheat and rye of winter crops are cultivated in the region, and the chickpea is the most drought-resistant one of grain legumes. The changing climate requires constant clarification of sowing dates, methods, seeding rates, and emerging new liquid fertilizers require clarification, if possible, of their joint application in certain phases of plant development. In our winter wheat studies, various combinations of liquid fertilizers together with a growth regulator used in the tillering and earing phases were studied, as well as the the sowing dates. Sowing methods and seeding rates have been studied on chickpea. It was revealed that the highest yield of winter wheat is provided by foliar fertilization with liquid nitrogen fertilizer Carb-N-Humik both in the tillering and earing phases. The optimal time for sowing winter crops is the first term, i.e. August 19. The most acceptable method of sowing chickpeas is an ordinary one with a seeding rate of 1.1 million/ha.
Determination of the absolute and relative soil velocity in the bucket of a rotary wire cleaner
Authors: Usmonov T U , Karimov M S , Sh Sharipov Z , Usmanov N K 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Maintaining the reclamation network in working order requires annual restoration work, which consists in cleaning it from sediment and vegetation, as well as performing various types of repair and construction work. The specificity of the maintenance of irrigation systems is that the specific volumes of excavation are insignificant, and the objects themselves are dispersed over a large area. For the timely and high-quality performance of a large amount of repair and maintenance work on reclamation systems, a significant amount of specialized equipment is required. Recently, a large number of experimental models of sewer cleaning machines and mechanisms for cleaning irrigation systems have been created. At present, when creating new cleaning machines, they are supplied with replaceable working equipment, including for cleaning concreted channels and trays. In the future, the range of interchangeable equipment is planned to be expanded. The article deals with the theory of the movement of the soil particle being cut (deposition) over the working body and the ejection velocity of these particles. When unloading from the tray, which affects the power consumption of the rotor tray-cleaning engine.
Evaluation of the efficiency of sugar beet processing strategies based on the data of the Sergach Sugar Factory
Authors: Balandin Dmitry , Kuzenkov Oleg , Egamov Albert 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study is devoted to evaluation of the effectiveness of sugar beet processing strategies, considering the factor of reducing the purity of sugar-containing solutions as a result of long-term storage of raw materials in the conditions of a specific manufacturer - Sergach Sugar Factory. The purpose of the work is to formulate recommendations on the selection of the most effective strategy for manufacturers based on assessments of the effectiveness of various sugar beet processing strategies. As a result of the study, the effectiveness of two heuristic strategies for sugar beet processing was evaluated - “greedy” and “thrifty”. The implementation of both strategies does not require a priori knowledge of all information about changes in the chemical composition of raw materials during storage and is based on current information about the characteristics of the remaining batches of raw materials to the current moment. The “greedy” strategy involves processing the batch of raw materials that currently gives the highest sugar yield, and the “thrifty strategy” - the batch that gives the minimum yield. The efficiency was evaluated by comparing the loss in sugar yield from the implementation of a heuristic strategy compared to the absolute optimum. When calculating the estimated sugar yield, data on the sugar content of various batches of beets and the purity of sugar-containing solutions in the conditions of the Sergach Sugar Factory in 2021 were considered. As a result of the study, it is shown that the “thrifty” strategy has small advantages compared to the “greedy” one. Thus, when choosing a recycling processing in practice, it is better to give preference to the “thrifty” strategy. This makes it possible to increase the total sugar production per season by 100 tons.
Phenotypic Associations With the HMOX1 GT(n) Repeat in European Populations
Authors: Hamilton Fergus , Mitchell Ruth , Ghazal Peter , Timpson Nic 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Heme oxygenase 1 is a key enzyme in the management of heme in humans. A GT(n) repeat length in the heme oxygenase 1 gene (HMOX1) has been widely associated with a variety of phenotypes, including susceptibility to and outcomes in diabetes, cancer, infections, and neonatal jaundice. However, studies have generally been small and results inconsistent. In this study, we imputed the GT(n) repeat length in participants from 2 UK cohort studies (the UK Biobank study (n = 463,005; recruited in 2006–2010) and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; n = 937; recruited in 1990–1991)), with the reliability of imputation tested in other cohorts (1000 Genomes Project, Human Genome Diversity Project, and Personal Genome Project UK). Subsequently, we measured the relationship between repeat length and previously identified associations (diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, and infection-related mortality in the UK Biobank; neonatal jaundice in ALSPAC) and performed a phenomewide association study in the UK Biobank. Despite high-quality imputation (correlation between true repeat length and imputed repeat length &gt; 0.9 in test cohorts), clinical associations were not identified in either the phenomewide association study or specific association studies. These findings were robust to definitions of repeat length and sensitivity analyses. Despite multiple smaller studies identifying associations across a variety of clinical settings, we could not replicate or identify any relevant phenotypic associations with the HMOX1 GT(n) repeat.
Cuff Size Variation Across Manufacturers of Home Blood Pressure Devices: A Current Patient Dilemma
Authors: Shahi Shamim , Jackson Sandra L , Streeter Taylor E , He Siran , Wall Hilary K 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends cuff sizes of blood pressure (BP) monitoring devices based on patient arm circumference, which is critical for accurate BP measurement. This study aimed to assess cuff size variation across validated BP devices and to examine the degree of alignment with the AHA recommendations.

METHODS
Data on home BP devices were obtained from the US BP Validated Device Listing website and listed cuff sizes were compared against AHA recommendations: small adult (22–26 cm), adult (27–34 cm), large (35–44 cm), and extra-large (XL) (45–52 cm).

RESULTS
There were 42 home validated BP devices from 13 manufacturers, and none offered cuffs that were aligned with the AHA recommendations. Over half of the devices (22, 52.4%) were compatible with only a broad-range cuff, generally excluding arm sizes larger than 44 cm. Only 5 devices from 4 manufacturers offered a cuff labeled “XL,” and of these, only 3 devices had sizes that covered the AHA XL range. Terminology lacked consistency with manufacturers using: different labels to describe the same-sized cuffs (e.g., 22–42 cm was labeled “integrated,” “standard,” “adult,” “large,” and “wide range”); the same labels to describe differently sized cuffs (e.g., cuffs labeled “large” were sized 22–42 cm, 32–38 cm, 32–42 cm, 36–45 cm).

CONCLUSIONS
Manufacturers of US home BP devices employ inconsistent terminologies and thresholds for cuff sizes, and sizes were not aligned with AHA recommendations. This lack of standardization could pose challenges for clinicians and patients attempting to select a properly sized cuff to support hypertension diagnosis and management.
Malignancy risk in patients with atopic dermatitis: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Wan Joy , Shin Daniel B , Syed Maha N , Abuabara Katrina , Lemeshow Adina R , Fuxench Zelma C Chiesa , Gelfand Joel M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with immunological dysfunction, which may influence cancer development. Previous studies of AD and cancer demonstrate inconsistent results and few of these studies examined children or AD severity and treatment.

Objectives
To determine malignancy risk among children and adults with AD.

Methods
We conducted a cohort study using electronic health records data from UK general practices in The Health Improvement Network between 1994 and 2015. Children (&lt; 18 years old) and adults (≥ 18 years old) with AD were matched on age, practice and index date to patients without AD. AD was categorized as mild, moderate or severe using treatments and dermatology referrals as proxies. The primary outcome was any incident malignancy, including in situ malignancy, identified using diagnosis codes and categorized into haematological, skin and solid organ malignancies. Secondary outcomes included specific malignancies: leukaemia, lymphoma, melanoma, nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and common solid-organ cancers.

Results
Among 409 431 children with AD (93.2% mild, 5.5% moderate, 1.3% severe) and 1 809 029 children without AD who had median follow-up of 5–7 years, the incidence rates of malignancy were 1.9–3.4 and 2.0 per 10 000 person-years (PY), respectively. The adjusted risk of malignancy overall did not differ with respect to AD [hazard ratio (HR) 1.02 (95% confidence interval 0.92–1.12)]. Severe AD was associated with increased lymphoma risk [HR 3.18 (1.41–7.16), excluding cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL)], and mild AD was associated with increased NMSC risk [1.55 (1.06–2.27)]. Among 625 083 adults with AD (65.7% mild, 31.4% moderate, 2.9% severe) and 2 678 888 adults without AD who had median follow-up of 5 years, incidence rates of malignancy were 97.4–125.3 per 10 000 PY and 103.7 per 10 000 PY, respectively. The adjusted risk of any malignancy did not differ with respect to AD [HR 1.00 (0.99–1.02)]. However, adults with severe AD had a twofold higher risk of non-CTCL lymphoma. AD was also associated with slightly higher skin cancer risk [HR 1.06 (1.04–1.08)] and slightly lower solid cancer risk [0.97 (0.96–0.98)] but results varied by specific cancers and AD severity.

Conclusions
Epidemiological evidence does not support a strong overall malignancy risk in AD but lymphoma risk may be increased with severe AD.
O17 Endogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in melanoma: an attack from within
Authors: Sadeq Shaymaa , Plummer Ruth , Chitcharoen Suwalak  , Lovat Penny , Nelson Glyn , Werner Andreas 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Recent studies have linked endogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to the development of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancer. However, the scale of dsRNA formation and its biological consequences is still unclear. Malignant melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer, with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Despite the development of immunotherapy and targeted therapies for melanoma, treatment options are still limited for most patients. dsRNA derived from repetitive DNA elements has the potential to stimulate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). These PRRs can trigger antiviral signalling cascades and induce an interferon response that renders resistant melanoma sensitive to immunotherapy. Consequently, dsRNA can add a new approach to treating melanoma. Tissue culture and molecular biology techniques were used to induce dsRNA formation in melanoma cell lines (with different mitogen-activated protein kinas-activating mutations) using PRRs agonist poly (I:C), azacitidine (Aza) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as stressors. The impact was measured by quantifying cytosolic dsRNA sensors, also known as PRRs (pPKR, MDA5, RIG1 and ADAR1), using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Immunofluorescence and high-resolution microscopy were then applied to investigate dsRNA and its sensors in skin biopsy samples from patients with melanoma. Moreover, the nature of dsRNA in melanoma was studied by isolating native dsRNA from multiple melanoma cell lines by immune enrichment followed by RNA sequencing. Analysis revealed that inducing endogenous dsRNA significantly activates PRR transcripts and protein levels. However, this activation showed different trends. A375 (BRAFV600E) showed robust MDA5 and RIG1 stimulation to poly (I:C) and a mild ADAR1 and PKR response to Aza and H2O2. Meanwhile, C8161 [BRAF wild type (WT)] was resistant to poly (I:C) with a favourable ADAR1 and RIG1 response to Aza. Immunofluorescence analysis of early stages I and II melanoma skin biopsies showed a significant reduction in ADAR1, which melts dsRNA, with increased dsRNA within BRAF-mutant biopsies. RNAseq analysis showed that A375 (BRAFV600E) produced significantly more dsRNA than C8161 (BRAF WT) and primary dermal fibroblasts. The increase was predominantly due to the enhanced production of dsRNA from nuclear DNA. However, about 11% of the reads mapped to the mitochondrial genome vs. 14% and 19% in C8161 and fibroblasts, respectively. In addition, compared to primary dermal fibroblasts, the dsRNA transcriptome of melanoma cell lines shows unique characteristics and altered dsRNA signalling pathways. To summarize, our data support the hypothesis that endogenous dsRNA activates dsRNA sensors and triggers innate immune signalling. Hence, dsRNA signalling may be explored as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat resistant melanoma with an attack from within.
P14 Whole-genome sequencing of malignant cylindroma in CYLD cutaneous syndrome reveals a clinically targetable somatic driver mutation
Authors: Fostier William , Koh Ching Chiek , Husain Akhtar , Namini Shirin , Nik-Zainal Serena , Rajan Neil 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Metastatic malignant cylindroma (MC) is a rare skin appendageal cancer for which there are no licensed chemotherapeutic interventions and has poor clinical outcomes. MC arising in CYLD cutaneous syndrome (CCS) has been shown to carry pathogenic variants in CYLD and additional driver mutations in TP53. Here we present whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from MC in a 29-year-old man, revealing a novel clinically targetable somatic driver mutation. The proband presented with a growing, ulcerated cylindroma on the scalp at 28 years of age. He had previously presented with benign cylindromas on the scalp from 8 years of age, attributed to his mother who had CCS. The proband's father and paternal grandmother both had early breast cancer. The proband's sister, aged 33 years, had been recently diagnosed with breast cancer and CCS. Histology of the ulcerated scalp tumour revealed a biphasic neoplasm, showing malignant cylindroma with high-grade features arising within a pre-existing benign cylindroma. Several weeks following excision of the malignant scalp cylindroma, a nodule presented on the left side of the patient's neck; biopsy of the neck lump revealed histology consistent with the metastatic MC. Radiological imaging revealed metastatic deposits of MC in the right axilla, both lungs and the brain. Genetic testing of the proband revealed germline pathogenic variants in both BRCA2 and CYLD, also present in his sister. WGS of the primary MC showed extensive copy number variation, with loss of heterozygosity involving CYLD and BRCA2 loci, not present in a matched control blood sample. Mutational signatures SBS3 and SBS8 were present, consistent with homologous repair (HR) deficiency, and, in addition, SBS13 was detected, suggesting APOBEC-driven mutagenesis. A high HR detect score of 0.999 was reported, consistent with a BRCA-deficient tumour. Additional driver somatic variants in TP53 and PTEN were also detected and are likely to have contributed to tumour pathogenesis. The BRCA deficiency demonstrated in this patient's MC supports the use of poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, which have not previously been used to treat MC. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing coinheritance of tumour suppressor genes in rare genetic conditions, and the utility of rapid WGS to provide novel management options and improve patient outcomes.
P16 How does skin ageing-related basement membrane collagen loss affect the nucleus?
Authors: Summan Simranpreet Kaur , Mayes Andrew , Gunn David , Gautrot Julien , Caley Matthew , O’Toole Edel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Skin ageing effects, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, disrupted wound healing and disease, are universal issues. Basement membrane collagens (BMCs) are reduced by ageing and the consequences are poorly understood. BMC sensing of mechanical stress, vital for skin homeostasis, elicits signalling sensed via cytoskeletal actin filaments to the LINC complex (composed of nesprin and sun proteins), nuclear lamina and lamina-associated chromatin. RNAseq data from collagen 7 (Col7) or collagen 17 (Col17) small interfering (si)RNA knockdown primary keratinocytes revealed an opposing enrichment of nuclear function genes. Nesprin-2 was reduced with siCol7 (P &lt; 0.01) vs. siC nontargeting control. We hypothesized that BMC loss in keratinocytes disrupts the nucleocytoskeleton and chromatin organization, dysregulating gene expression and signalling, leading to altered epidermal differentiation and skin barrier impairment. To explore the role of BMC in mechanical stress response, stable short hairpin (sh)RNA knockdowns of Col7 (shCol7) and Col17 (shCol17), and nontargeting control (shC) were generated in immortalized N/TERT cells. Western blot validated knockdowns compared to shC. MTT assays showed a hyperproliferative phenotype with shCol17 compared to shC. Mechanical stretch effect on cells on a flexible membrane was studied by immunofluorescence and Western blot (WB). Images taken from the IN Cell Analyzer confocal microscope were analysed to detect changes in protein expression and localization. Nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions made before and after stretch were analysed by WB. We observed collagen-specific responses to stretch-induced stress with changes to actin and nuclear membrane proteins: emerin and lamin B1, and sun2. Our data are the first to show an altered nucleocytoskeleton in the context of BMC loss and mechanotransduction in skin. This study could provide novel insights into ageing epidermal regulation by BMCs.
P30 Microsatellite instability in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Holt Georgie , Hayes Christine , Phelps Rachel  , Husain Akhtar , Lamb Christopher , Gallon Richard  , Rajan Neil 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Lynch syndrome (LS) is a hereditary cancer syndrome caused by pathogenic germline variants in genes that encode mismatch repair (MMR) proteins. LS is characterized by an increased risk of multiple cancers, including colorectal and endometrial cancer. Muir–Torre syndrome (MTS) is an allelic, phenotypic variant of LS characterized by the presence of skin tumours, including keratoacanthomas and sebaceous tumours. Recently, an association has been proposed between MTS/LS and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). MTS/LS tumours demonstrate a mutation signature termed microsatellite instability (MSI) that can be used to screen sporadic tumours for underlying MTS/LS. We have previously shown that amplicon-sequencing of microsatellites can detect increased MSI in cSCC in patients with LS. In this study, we assayed a pilot cohort sporadic cSCC in the general population to further explore this potential association. DNA was extracted from cSCC samples. We used an established molecular inversion probe-based protocol to amplify informative microsatellites and sequenced these using the Illumina MiSeq platform. An MSI score was calculated for each tumour sample using a naïve Bayesian approach based on microsatellite deletion frequencies. We found that 5% (n = 1/19) of cSCCs were MSI-high (95% confidence interval 0.1–26.0), which is equivalent to estimated frequencies among unselected sporadic cSCCs in recent literature. We plan to expand our pilot cohort to include a larger series of cSCC and to also carry out somatic sequencing of MSH2, MSH6, MLH1 and PMS2 in tumours to determine if MSI status correlates with MMR gene variant status. Ultimately, this work aims to improve identification of new patients with LS presenting with cSCC and allow them to benefit equitably from preventative cancer surveillance and aspirin chemoprevention.
The risk of venous thromboembolism in atopic dermatitis: a matched cohort analysis in UK primary care
Authors: Warren Richard B , Basey Victoria , Lynam Anita , Curtis Charlotte , Ardern-Jones Michael R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition. While other chronic inflammatory conditions are associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), associations between AD and VTE have not been established.

Objectives
We examined whether AD is associated with an increased risk of VTE in a population-based study.

Methods
Electronic health records were extracted from UK general practices contributing to the Optimum Patient Care Research Database (1 January 2010 to 1 January 2020). All adults with AD were identified (n = 150 975) and age- and sex-matched with unaffected controls (n = 603 770). The risk of VTE, consisting of pulmonary embolism (PE) or deep-vein thrombosis (DVT), was compared in people with AD vs. controls using Cox proportional hazard models. PE and DVT were examined separately as secondary outcomes.

Results
We identified 150 975 adults with active AD and matched them with 603 770 unaffected controls. During the study, 2576 of those with active AD and 7563 of the matched controls developed VTE. Individuals with AD had a higher risk of VTE than controls [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12–1.22]. When assessing VTE components, AD was associated with a higher risk of DVT (aHR 1.30, 95% CI 1.23–1.37) but not PE (aHR 0.94, 95% CI 0.87–1.02). The VTE risk was greater in older people with AD (≥ 65 years: aHR 1.22, 95% CI 1.15–1.29; 45–65 years: aHR 1.15, 95% CI 1.05–1.26; &lt; 45 years: aHR 1.07, 95% CI 0.97–1.19) and those with obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30: aHR 1.25, 95% CI 1.12–1.39; BMI &lt; 30: aHR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.15). Risk was broadly consistent across mild, moderate or severe AD.

Conclusions
AD is associated with a small increase in risk of VTE and DVT, with no increase in risk of PE. The magnitude of this risk increase is modest in younger people, and those without obesity.