bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial sensory neurons and their applications
Authors: Shao Jiale , Ying Hongwei , Cheng Peihong , Hu Lingxiang , Wei Xianhua , Li Zongxiao , Lu Huanming , Ye Zhizhen , Zhuge Fei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, the demand for high-performance and energy-efficient computing is increasingly growing. The limitations of the traditional von Neumann computing architecture have prompted researchers to explore neuromorphic computing as a solution. Neuromorphic computing mimics the working principles of the human brain, characterized by high efficiency, low energy consumption, and strong fault tolerance, providing a hardware foundation for the development of new generation AI technology. Artificial neurons and synapses are the two core components of neuromorphic computing systems. Artificial perception is a crucial aspect of neuromorphic computing, where artificial sensory neurons play an irreplaceable role thus becoming a frontier and hot topic of research. This work reviews recent advances in artificial sensory neurons and their applications. First, biological sensory neurons are briefly described. Then, different types of artificial neurons, such as transistor neurons and memristive neurons, are discussed in detail, focusing on their device structures and working mechanisms. Next, the research progress of artificial sensory neurons and their applications in artificial perception systems is systematically elaborated, covering various sensory types, including vision, touch, hearing, taste, and smell. Finally, challenges faced by artificial sensory neurons at both device and system levels are summarized.
Disparate Regimes
Authors: Shanahan Brendan A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Historians have well described how US immigration policy increasingly fell under the purview of federal law and national politics in the mid- to late nineteenth century. It is far less understood that the rights of noncitizen immigrants in the country remained primarily contested in the realms of state politics and law until the mid- to late twentieth century. Such state-level political debates often centered on whether noncitizen immigrants should vote, count as part of the polity for the purposes of state legislative representation, work in public and publicly funded employment, or obtain professional licensure. Enacted state alienage laws were rarely self-executing, and immigrants and their allies regularly challenged nativist restrictions in court, on the job, by appealing to lawmakers and the public, and even via diplomacy. Battles over the passage, implementation, and constitutionality of such policies at times aligned with and sometimes clashed against efforts to expand rights to marginalized Americans, particularly US-born women. By examining topics that are often considered separately or treated as having marginal importance, Disparate Regimes underscores the centrality of nativist state politics and alienage policies to the history of American immigration and citizenship from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth centuries. It argues that the proliferation of these debates and laws produced veritable disparate regimes of citizenship rights in the American political economy on a state-by-state basis. It further illustrates how nativist state politics and alienage policies helped to invent and concretize the idea that citizenship rights meant citizen-only rights in law, practice, and popular perception in the United States.
Disputing Disparate Regimes in Employment
Authors: Shanahan Brendan A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Lawmakers in at least ten states adopted policies restricting or outright barring noncitizen immigrants from public and/or publicly funded employment between 1889 and 1914. Such laws drew inspiration from West Coast anti-Chinese nativism, arose out of widespread anti–“temporary” immigrant sentiment among building trade unionists, and grew in number and in force following the Panic of 1893. In periods of recession (especially during the mid-1890s and the mid-1910s), these policies were often implemented with vigor. In good times, they were widely perceived to be “dead letters” by labor leaders, employers, and public commentators. Nevertheless, the US Supreme Court unambiguously upheld their constitutionality in 1915, rendering the employment rights of noncitizen public works laborers and public employees tenuous across many major immigrant-destination states. This chapter argues that disputes over the passage, implementation, and adjudication of such blue-collar nativist hiring laws created increasingly disparate regimes of citizenship rights in key domains of employment.
Making Voters Citizens
Authors: Shanahan Brendan A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Lawmakers and voters in six states repealed long-standing noncitizen voting rights laws via ballot measure during the late Gilded Age and Progressive Era; successful state constitutional amendment campaigns overturned similar provisions in the nation’s remaining seven alien suffrage states during and in the aftermath of World War I. The “standardization” of voting into a citizen-only right nationwide was a contingent development. National organizations—from immigration restrictionists and “patriotic” societies to the National American Woman Suffrage Association—increasingly argued that noncitizen voting rights weakened the nation and imperiled its security. But state partisan institutions and civic groups were the primary impetus behind anti-alien suffrage campaigns. State constitutional mechanics proved similarly critical to their outcome. This chapter shows how these successful campaigns transformed state politics and constitutional law, while compelling a retreat from the disparate regimes of citizenship rights in the polity common to the nineteenth century.
Who Counts in the Polity?
Authors: Shanahan Brendan A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores debates over proposed and adopted nativist state legislative apportionment provisions—which counted some or all noncitizens out of the population—from World War I until the civil rights era. A lengthy dispute over similar (ultimately defeated) federal legislation became so heated that Congress failed to reapportion the House of Representatives at all during the 1920s. Immigrant rights–supporting lawmakers were sometimes able to defeat proposed anti-alien schemes when they benefited from high constitutional hurdles. But they generally proved unable to repeal extant laws in the early to mid-twentieth century amid widespread reapportionment gridlock and partisan, intraparty, and sectional rivalries over the subject. Supporters of decoupling citizenship from apportionment policy would finally succeed in the courtroom and at the ballot box during the civil rights era, as state anti-alien provisions became widely viewed by voters and jurists as inefficient and obsolete amid broader redistricting and reapportionment reforms.
Melatonin suppresses ethylene biosynthesis by inhibiting transcription factor MdREM10 during apple fruit ripening
Authors: Li Chen , Yu Qian , Si Yajing , Liang Yuling , Lin Shijiao , Yang Guangxin , Liu Weiting , Ji Yinglin , Wang Aide 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ethylene, a plant hormone, is essential for apple (Malus domestica) ripening. The precise molecular mechanism by which melatonin (MT) influences ethylene biosynthesis during apple fruit ripening remains unclear. This study found that exogenous MT treatment inhibited ethylene production and postponed apple fruit ripening. The endogenous MT content of apple fruits exhibited an inverse correlation with ethylene production during fruit ripening, suggesting that MT functions as a ripening suppressor in apple fruits. MT treatment suppressed the expression of key ethylene biosynthesis genes, MdACS1 and MdACO1, during apple fruit ripening. MT treatment decreased the expression levels of transcription factors MdREM10 and MdZF32. MdREM10 binds to the MdERF3 promoter, enhancing its expression and subsequently promoting MdACS1 transcription. Furthermore, MdREM10 directly bound to the MdZF32 promoter, promoting its transcription. MdZF32 directly bound to the MdACO1 promoter, inducing its expression. The findings suggested that MT suppresses ethylene biosynthesis and fruit ripening by inhibiting MdREM10, which indirectly promotes MdACS1 transcription via MdERF3 upregulation, and MdACO1 transcription via MdZF32 upregulation.
Survey of pharmacists’ perspectives on preparing discharge medicine lists: a cross-sectional single-centre study
Authors: Burns Gemma , Gjone Helena , Teasdale Trudy , Hattingh Laetitia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
This study explored South-East Queensland Australian pharmacists’ perspectives on preparing discharge medicine lists, specifically involvement of pharmacy assistants, use of electronic medication management software, and expanding pharmacists’ scope during discharge.

Methods
Electronic survey distributed to pharmacists during December 2021 and data collected over 3 weeks.

Key findings
Pharmacists supported increased involvement of pharmacy assistants (with structured collaborative training), pharmacist-led medication reconciliation, and producing the discharge medicine list directly from the electronic record.

Conclusions
Increased scope of pharmacy assistants to complete technical tasks will improve pharmacists’ capacity to integrate with the medical team and perform discharge medication reconciliation.
The Marikana Commission of Inquiry: An Ambiguous Experiment with ‘Truth’ and ‘Justice’
Authors: Lester Claire-Anne Louise 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The Marikana Commission of Inquiry was established to investigate the events of 16 August 2012, when the South African Police Service shot and killed 34 striking mineworkers at the Lonmin Plc platinum mine. Conceived as a standard commission of inquiry to examine the circumstances surrounding this ‘tragic incident’, widely referred to as the Marikana massacre, the Commission adopted the official motto ‘Truth, Restoration, Justice’. This motto echoed the discourse of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, a quintessential transitional justice body. This article analyses the Marikana Commission of Inquiry through the lens of transitional justice, despite its establishment occurring long after South Africa’s transition to democracy. It interrogates the appropriation of transitional justice discourse within the Commission, highlighting fundamental ambiguities in its role and objectives. By situating the Marikana Commission within the broader landscape of truth and justice ‘experiments’ addressing (post)colonial state violence, the article argues that while the Commission attempted to expand its focus to encompass transitional justice goals, its overly legalistic approach to truth-seeking and perfunctory engagement with victims ultimately undermined its restorative potential.
Identification and molecular characterization of Dirofilaria sp. “hongkongensis” (Rhabditida: Onchocercidae) in wild-caught mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae): first report from India
Authors: Bhairavi Balasubramanian , Sivalaxmi Balakrishnan , Haritha Haridas Ajitha , Shah Harish Kumar , Fathima Pananchikkaparambil Abdu , Rahi Manju , Saini Prasanta 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Dirofilariasis is a globally significant emerging-zoonotic-disease caused by nematode parasites belonging to the genus Dirofilaria (Rhabditida: Onchocercidae) and is transmitted by mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of the Culicidae family. A recent study on molecular prevalence of Dirofilaria sp. “hongkongensis” To, 2012 (nomen nudum) among the dog population in Kerala indicated a high infection rate. However, no data are currently available on the vectors involved in the transmission of this disease. In this study, an entomological survey was conducted to detect natural infection and to characterize the Dirofilaria parasite from Kani tribal settlements in Thiruvananthapuram, India. A total of 356 mosquitoes were collected, morphologically identified, and analyzed for natural infection of Dirofilaria from 4 different villages in the study area. The species composition of the collected mosquito specimens comprised 10 species belonging to 6 genera, namely Anopheles, Aedes, Armigeres, Culex, Uranotaenia, and Heizmannia. Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895) was found to be the predominant species, followed by Armigeres subalbatus Coquillett, 1898. Out of these, 200 female mosquitoes were grouped by species into 31 pools, for genomic DNA extraction. Detection of the nematode parasite was performed using nematode-specific primers via conventional PCR, and the species was subsequently confirmed by sanger sequencing. Natural-infection of Dirofilaria sp. “hongkongensis” was identified in Ae. albopictus and Ar. subalbatus, with a minimum infection rate of 17.6% and 13.3%, respectively. This study represents the first report of natural-infection of Dirofilaria sp. among field-collected mosquitoes in India. These findings underscore the need for robust entomological-surveillance system to prevent potential future outbreaks.
FLOWERING LOCUS C-like mediates low-ambient-temperature-induced late flowering in chrysanthemum
Authors: Hu Qian , Yin Mengru , Gao Zheng , Zhang Zixin , Zhu Yuqing , Hu Rongqian , Cheng Hua , Liu Gaofeng , Chen Sumei , Chen Fadi , Jiang Jiafu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The flowering time of Chrysanthemum morifolium predominantly depends on day length but is also sensitive to ambient temperature. However, the mechanisms underlying the response of chrysanthemum to ambient temperature are mainly unknown. This study identified a MADS-box transcription factor called CmFLC-like, a representative low ambient temperature-responsive factor induced in chrysanthemum leaves and shoot apical meristems at 15°C. Subsequently, CmFLC-like localizes to the cell nucleus and membrane and functions as a transcriptional repressor. CmFLC-like overexpression made plants more sensitive to low-temperature-induced late flowering, whereas the chimeric activator CmFLC-like-VP64 was less sensitive at 15°C, indicating that CmFLC-like was involved in thermosensory flowering. Transcriptome profiling of CmFLC-like transgenic plants suggested that the potential target genes for low ambient temperature-responsive CmFLC-like regulation are predominantly flowering integrators, MADS-box transcription factors, and AP2 genes. Subsequent examination revealed that the orchestrated repression of CmAFL1 and CmFTL3 by CmFLC-like was mediated by its direct binding to the CArG-box element of their promoters. This study offers novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying chrysanthemum flowering and highlights the essential role of CmFLC-like proteins in the thermosensory pathway.
Advance care planning in primary malignant brain tumors: Knowledge, experiences, and preferences of patients and caregivers
Authors: Chikada Ai , Arakawa Yoshiki , Takenouchi Sayaka , Narita Yoshitaka 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Advance care planning (ACP) can help patients with primary malignant brain tumors to align treatments with their preferences. However, insights into patients’ and caregivers’ engagement with ACP remain scarce. This study elaborates on their knowledge, experiences, and preferences concerning ACP.

Methods
This was a secondary analysis of data from the “National Survey on the Needs and Support of Brain Tumor Patients and Caregivers” in Japan. Responses from 128 patients and 106 caregivers were included. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and qualitative analyses of free-text responses were performed.

Results
Patients were more willing than caregivers to participate in decisions regarding their treatment (96.8% vs. 82.5%, p &lt; 0.001). Knowledge about ACP was low in both groups (12.3% of patients and 10.7% of caregivers), but willingness to participate in ACP was high (68.9% of patients and 65.9% of caregivers). Preference to initiate ACP at diagnosis was low in both groups, with caregivers showing a higher preference than patients (29.0% vs. 11.1%). A greater percentage of patients preferred to start ACP at recurrence than caregivers (47.0% vs. 18.3%, p &lt; 0.0001). Frequent family discussions were significantly associated with actual experiences of ACP (OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.6–9.3, p = 0.0019).

Conclusions
The mismatch between respondents’ willingness to participate in ACP and their knowledge and experience reveals a need to increase ACP awareness. Differences in ACP preferences between patients and their caregivers may indicate the need for improved communication strategies by healthcare professionals. Further research is needed to understand these differences.
Declaration of Sweeteners on Food Labels: A Scoping Review of Methodological Issues and Prevalence
Authors: Milano Elisa , Gines Geraldo Ana Paula , Kraemer Mariana V S , Ares Gastón , Vasconcellos de Barros Beatriz , Chaddad Maria Cecília Cury , Fernandes Ana Carolina , Bernardo Greyce Luci , Uggioni Paula Lazzarin , da Costa Proença Rossana Pacheco 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently published a guideline that recommends against the use of nonsugar sweeteners. Food labels are a key source of information for consumers, to enable them to make informed decisions regarding the consumption of food additives. However, discrepancies in the concepts and categorizations of sweeteners in labeling recommendations and regulations may influence the results of studies on the prevalence of sweeteners in foods. This study aimed to analyze the scientific literature related to the declaration of sweeteners on food labels. Focus was placed on methodological issues related to data collection and analysis, including the categorization of sweeteners, as well as on the reported prevalence of sweetener declaration on food labels. A scoping review was conducted based on a search for terms related to sweeteners, food labeling, and packaged foods. Nine studies, published between 2012 and 2022, were included. Variability among studies was observed in terms of data collection methods, approaches for identifying the sweeteners declared on food labels, the criteria for categorizing sweeteners, and the definitions underlying the categorization. Moreover, there was a lack of standardization in the bibliographic sources consulted in formulating the categorization, and failure to report specific sources, leading to heterogeneity in the substances regarded as sweeteners. The prevalence of the declaration of sweeteners in food labeling ranged from less than 1% to 43.6%. The findings of the present work emphasize the need to standardize the methodologies used for the identification of sweeteners declared on food labels and the criteria for their categorization.
“Bureaucrats with Badges”: Bylaw Enforcement and the Invisibilization of Homelessness
Authors: Martino Natasha , Dej Erin , Sanders Carrie B 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Homelessness affects at least 25,000 people every day in Canada alone. Although research has documented responses to homelessness involving the police and private security, there is much less scholarship investigating municipal bylaw enforcement officers’ role in the governance of homelessness. We explore how bylaw officers regulate homelessness in Ontario, Canada. Drawing on surveys and semi-structured interviews with bylaw officers, our analysis demonstrates that bylaw officers have been called upon to manage a “crisis of complaints” related to the increasing visibility of homelessness across Ontario. To manage these complaints, bylaw officers rely on burden shuffling, first, moving people along because it is the most efficient way to manage homelessness complaints in their jurisdiction. Bylaw officers also engage in bureaucratic burden shuffling, reclassifying complaints to other agencies. We argue that, through their mechanisms of enforcing public space orders, bylaw officers engage in reluctant criminalization using invisibilization tactics. These strategies constitute another form of pervasive penality, or a punitive process of policing, through move along orders and threats of arrest, ultimately leading to the invisibilization of homelessness. Such responses increase the precarity that often characterizes unhoused people’s lives and misrepresents homelessness as a deviancy issue rather than a human rights violation.
Long-term Clinical outcomes and Optimal Treatment Approaches of Degenerative Cervical Spondylosis
Authors: Li Pan , Lei Runbo , Ding Lixiang , Wang Youxue , Ye Zhengxu , Yu Dechen , Su Kangkang , Yang Xuerui , Wei Bin , Huang Jinfeng , Cao Xiongfei , Chang Le , Chen Yongfeng , Gan Lu , Du Junjie , Shangguan Lei , Li Mo , Luo Zhuojing 
Published: January 2025

Study Design/Setting.
A retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
To compare long-term outcomes and complications of cervical disc replacement (CDR) and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with cage-plate constructs (CPC) and stand-alone (SA) cages in treating degenerative cervical spondylosis.

Summary of Background Data.
ACDF is commonly used for cervical radiculopathy but may increase adjacent segment degeneration (ASD). CDR has gained popularity by preserving motion and potentially reducing ASD, while SA cages offer a simpler alternative to CPC. Despite widespread adoption, further research is needed to clarify the long-term outcomes and associated complications.

Methods.
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1,146 patients who underwent cervical surgery between 2009 and 2012 at three Chinese hospitals, grouped into CDR (n=220), CPC-ACDF (n=540), and SA-ACDF (n=386). Primary outcomes included overall success rate and complications. Secondary measures were JOA, VAS, SF-36 scores, and imaging parameters.

Results.
The CDR group exhibited a significantly higher overall success rate compared to CPC-ACDF and SA-ACDF groups. Dysphagia incidence immediately post-surgery was significantly lower in the CDR and SA-ACDF groups compared to CPC-ACDF. At the final follow-up, implant subsidence was lowest in the CDR group. Radiographic-ASD incidence was significantly lower in the CDR and SA-ACDF groups compared to CPC-ACDF, with SA-ACDF having the lowest rate of symptomatic-ASD. The reoperation occurred in 38 (7.0%) CPC-ACDF, 18 (4.7%) SA-ACDF, and 8 (3.6%) CDR patients. Despite a 65.5% incidence of heterotopic ossification (HO), CDR partially preserved angular range of motion. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that SA-ACDF and CDR were protective factors against postoperative radiographic-ASD. Conditional nomograms demonstrated good predictive performance for symptomatic-ASD, supported by receiver operating characteristic and calibration curves.

Conclusion.
This study suggests that CDR provides similar clinical outcomes with fewer complications compared to ACDF. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings, particularly considering the variability between different CDR devices and potential for selection bias.