bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change reduces wetland size and shifts its seasonal regime in North America
Authors: Xu Donghui , Bisht Gautam , Tan Zeli , Sinha Eva , Vittorio Alan Di , Zhou Tian , Ivanov Valeriy , Leung L. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Inland wetlands are important ecosystems sustained by excessive water. Climate change can alter wetland extent and functions, but such impacts are unclear because hydroclimatic changes influence wetland processes in different ways. Here we project future changes in wetland characteristics over North America under low and high emission scenarios, using a state-of-the-science Earth system model that represents both fluvial and pluvial inundation processes. We project a reduction in wetland areas in all seasons except winter. At the continental scale, annual wetland area decreases by ~10% under the high emission scenario by the end of the century, with much larger and divergent regional changes of up to ±50%. However, the evolution of functional wetland habitats can be different from that of wetland area dynamics. The wetland reduction increases with global warming level as temperature is projected to play a more dominant role in wetland dynamics than precipitation under the high emission scenario.
Morphological, antioxidase, and photosynthetic responses in Liaodong elata (Aralia elata) under treatments of light intensity
Authors: Liu Boda , Zhang Jing , Zhang Zhenying , Sui Yong , Zhu Hengxin , Shi Yaru , Sui Xiuyu , Li Yuwu , Jiang Xinqiang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Light intensity is important for the growth, development, and productivity of shade-tolerant plants. Liaodong elata (Aralia elata) is a highly nutrient natural organic food widely used in northern China. However, little is known about its cultivation under shading treatments. In this study, we conducted the morphological, physiology, and photosynthetic capacity of Liaodong elata under five treatments of 0% (CK), 20% (S1), 35% (S2), 50% (S3), and 60% (S4) shading levels. The results showed that the plant morphology in both S3 and S4 is better than CK, S1, and S2. Furthermore, the antioxidant enzyme activities of CK, S1 and S2 were higher than S3 and S4 at 30 d (T1) and 40 d (T2) shading time. We speculate that a certain light stress could destroy the antioxidant enzyme system. Photosynthetic results showed that the chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm, Yll, qP of S3 were higher and the NPQ was lower. It explained that S3 had a more efficient photosynthetic system. At the same time, we measured the physiological indices of leaves at different positions and analyzed the correlation of each index. We found that the Top leaves had more stable antioxidant enzymes, higher chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm, YII, qP, and lower NPQ. And antioxidant enzyme activity was negatively correlated with Fv/Fm, Yll, qP. This study proved the effectiveness of using a shading net for Liaodong elata cultivation. The 50% shading treatment is the optimal condition for the cultivation of Liaodong elata. These results are helpful to improve the reference for the introduction and cultivation of Liaodong elata.
Multi-Objective Hyperparameter Optimization on Gradient Boosting for Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Singh Priya , Gupta Swayam , Gupta Vasu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The most commonly occurring cancer among women, breast cancer, causes lakhs of deaths yearly, which can be prevented by early detection and treatment. Detection can be done by using machine learning models on histopathological images that are affordable, reliable and accurate. Previous works in this regard have focused on transfer learning methods combining feature selection using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and ensemble of gradient-boosting algorithms. However, none of the state-of-the-art techniques capture the multi-objective nature of breast cancer detection and tend to improve a single performance measure such as Accuracy and F1 score, which fail to capture certain essential aspects of the problem as the cost of misclassification varies greatly depending on its type. In this study, a Multi-Objective Hyperparameter Optimization technique for Breast Cancer Prediction is proposed by comparing Random Search, Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) and Bayesian Optimization. This approach is applied to ensemble of three popular Gradient Boosting techniques: Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) and Categorical Boosting (CatBoost) on features obtained from Inception-ResNet-v2 CNN model applied on the benchmark BreakHis dataset to optimize Precision, Recall, Accuracy and AUC simultaneously. The novel NSGA2-IRv2-CXL model proposed in this study achieves maximum Accuracy of 94.40%, AUC of 98.16, Precision of 95.77%, and Recall of 99.29% for 100x magnification. The study also establishes tradeoffs between performance metrics which opens avenues for further research in multi-objective approaches on breast cancer detection which can provide a much larger view of the strengths and weaknesses of the classification model.
Short-term responses of Corallina officinalis (rhodophyta) to global-change drivers in a stressful environment of Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Sandoval Giuliana Marianela Burgueño , Saad Juan Francisco , Narvarte Maite Andrea , Firstater Fausto Nahuel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Over the last two decades, an increasing interest has arisen in the responses of primary producers to global-change drivers and, more recently, in the need to consider how those various drivers may interact. To understand how Corallina officinalis (hereafter Corallina) can be affected by future changing conditions, we investigated the short-term direct effects of co-occurring increased nutrient loads, solar radiation, and lower pH, assessing how these clustered drivers affected Corallina's overall physiological performance in a harsh Patagonian coastal environment. To describe the seasonal trend of the physiological parameters in the field, we sampled subtidal Corallina to determine their net oxygen production (NOP), pigments, and carbonate content (CC). Furthermore, we conducted seasonal 10-days experiments, simulating the conditions predicted for the year 2100 by the IPCC (RCP 8.5) —manipulating pH, nutrients, and irradiance—along with the current conditions. The pigments and carotenoids/chlorophyll-a ratio were, in general, constant in the field over the seasons; but the NOP and CC dropped in spring, when the carotenoids peaked. After the experiment, the highest carotenoid/chlorophyll-a ratio was registered in summer under both the currentand the predictedconditions and in winter under the predictedcondition. This lower physiological status was also reflected in almost all other variables. Thus, Corallina may display an acclimatation strategy to cope with high ultraviolet-radiation levels by adjusting its pigment composition to avoid photoinhibition. An understanding of how Corallina, as a habitat-forming species, will respond to future global-change may provide clues about the extent of effects on the ecosystem functions and services.
De novo design of energy transfer proteins housing excitonically coupled chlorophyll special pairs
Authors: Ennist Nathan , Wang Shunzhi , Kennedy Madison , Curti Mariano , Sutherland George , Vasilev Cvetelin , Redler Rachel , Maffeis Valentin , Shareef Saeed , Sica Anthony , Hua Ash , Deshmukh Arundhati , Moyer Adam , Hicks Derrick , Swartz Avi , Cacho Ralph , Novy Nathan , Bera Asim , Kang Alex , Sankaran Banumathi , Johnson Matthew , Reppert Mike , Ekiert Damian , Bhabha Gira , Stewart Lance , Caram Justin , Stoddard Barry , Romero Elisabet , Hunter C. Neil , Baker David 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Natural photosystems couple light harvesting to charge separation using a “special pair” of chlorophyll molecules that accepts excitation energy from the antenna and initiates an electron-transfer cascade. To investigate the photophysics of special pairs independent of complexities of native photosynthetic proteins, and as a first step towards synthetic photosystems for new energy conversion technologies, we designed C2-symmetric proteins that precisely position chlorophyll dimers. X-ray crystallography shows that one designed protein binds two chlorophylls in a binding orientation matching native special pairs, while a second positions them in a previously unseen geometry. Spectroscopy reveals excitonic coupling, and fluorescence lifetime imaging demonstrates energy transfer. We designed special pair proteins to assemble into 24-chlorophyll octahedral nanocages; the design model and cryo-EM structure are nearly identical. The design accuracy and energy transfer function of these special pair proteins suggest that de novo design of artificial photosynthetic systems is within reach of current computational methods.
miR397-LACs mediated cadmium stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Ali Shahid , Huang Shili , Zhou Jiajie , Bai Yongsheng , Liu Yang , Shi Liyu , Liu Shuai , Hu Zhangli , Tang Yulin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal, assimilated in plant tissue with other nutrients, disturbing the ions' homeostasis in plants. The plant develops different mechanisms to tolerate the hazardous environmental effects of Cd. Recently studies found different miRNAs that are involved in Cd stress. In the current study, miR397 mutant lines were constructed to explore the molecular mechanisms of miR397 underlying Cd tolerance. Compared with the genetically modified line of overexpressed miR397 (artificial miR397, amiR397), the lines of downregulated miR397 (Short Tandem Target Mimic miR397, STTM miR397) showed more substantial Cd tolerance with higher chlorophyll a & b, carotenoid and lignin content than amiR397. ICP-OES revealed higher cell wall Cd and low total Cd levels in STTM miR397 than in the wild-type and amiR397 plants.
Further, the STTM plants produced fewer reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lower activity of antioxidants enzymes (e.g., catalase [CAT], malondialdehyde [MDA]) compared with amiR397 and wild-type plants after stress, indicating that silencing the expression of miR397 can reduce oxidative damage. In addition, the different family transporters' gene expression was much higher in the amiR397 plants than in the wild type and STTM miRNA397. Our results suggest that miR397 plays a role in Cd tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Overexpression of miR397 could decrease Cd tolerance in plants by regulating the expression of LAC 2/4/17, changing the lignin content, which may play an important role in inducing different stress-tolerant mechanisms and protecting the cell from a hazardous condition. This study provides a basis to elucidate the functions of miR397 and the Cd stress tolerance mechanism in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Overall drug treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients from national registries – A real-world study
Authors: Kaunisto Jaana , Salomaa Eija-Riitta , Koivisto Mari , Myllärniemi Marjukka 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Currently, two disease-modifying antifibrotic drugs are indicated for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The objective of this study was to analyse antifibrotic and overall prescription medication use of IPF patients in the real world.
Methods
Data was collected from the FinnishIPF registry and the Registry of the Social Insurance Institution of Finland (SII). Purchases of all prescription medicines were assessed. The frequency, the initiation interval, the duration, and the breaks of the antifibrotic treatments were defined. The association between the prescription of antifibrotic therapy and different patient-related clinical parameters was studied. Accordingly, the relationships between the delay in starting therapy and patient-related variables were analysed.
Results
Of the 263 IPF patients, 132 (50.2%) had started antifibrotic treatment during the study period 2011–2018. The mean interval from the diagnosis to the first purchase was 367 (SD 429) days. The antifibrotic drug was switched in 14% of patients. Discontinuation of therapy occurred most commonly during the first year of the treatment. The one-year persistence was 77.1% for pirfenidone and 78.9% for nintedanib. A tendency of treating patients under 75 years was noticed. Low forced vital capacity predicted earlier initiation of medication.
Conclusions
The initiation of antifibrotics after diagnosis was slow, probably due to reimbursement limitations. Younger age at diagnosis affected treatment initiation although it is not known which patients really benefit most from these medications. The reasons for discontinuation of the antifibrotic therapy during the first year should be a focus in clinical work and further studies.
Application of mobile technology based on improved genetic algorithm in interactive design of digital media advertising
Authors: Weng Minming 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
With the development of digital media content, users have become the controllers of various digital media terminals. The creative design of interactive advertising is an uncertain part of the overall market segment of human-computer communication. All advertisements can be easily introduced to the public. Excellent digital technology has changed the carrier of advertising content, the form and structure of advertising, and the marketing between advertising relationships. Therefore, this article processes and designs digital media based on improved genetic algorithm technology and mobile communication technology. A genetic algorithm for designing multi group matrix structures is designed to improve the speed of synthesis. By using multi-core CPUs to build parallel KNN classifiers, the slow adaptation function caused by large data sets improves computational shortcomings, making genetic algorithm optimization a practical project for machine learning. This has played an important role in further expanding research on automated learning. Therefore, this article introduces in detail the requirements of genetic algorithm mobile technology in digital media advertising interaction design applications and system performance test results. The system further elaborates the concept of advertising interaction design, and conducts in-depth research on the expression of user experience and experience innovation strategies. At the same time, it has also found the value of user experience, so advertising interaction focused on user experience has a very large development space, which is also a broad application value and expectation.
Self-healable Printed Electronic Cryogels for Plant Monitoring
Authors: Whiting Gregory , Bihar Eloise , Strand Elliot , Crichton Catherine , Renny Megan , Bonter Ignacy , Atreya Madhur , Gestos Adrian , Haseloff Jim , Tran Tai , McLeod Robert 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this work, we present a novel method for integrating printed electronic materials with biocompatible cryogels to form stable, implantable hydrogel-based bioelectronic devices that show stable long-term operation inside plant tissue. The gels can be customized to provide various electronic functionalities, including electrodes and organic electrochemical transistors (OECT). These inkjet printed cryogel-based devices exhibit high electrical conductivity for embedded conductive polymer traces (up to 350 S/cm), high transconductance for OECTs (in the mS range), and high capacitance in capacitive structures (up to 4.2 mF.g-1). These devices also show high stretchability (up to 330% strain), and self-healing properties. The biocompatible functionalized gel-based electrodes and transistors were successfully implanted in plant tissue. Ionic activity in tomato plants was collected for over two months with minimal scar tissue formation observed over this time, making these cryogel-based electronic devices excellent candidates for continuous, in-situ monitoring of plant and environmental status and health.
Ac 2-26 reduced pyroptosis to ameliorate the cerebral injury in rats after cardiopulmonary bypass via the AKT1-eNOS pathway
Authors: Zhang Xue-yong , Zou Zi-wei , JIA Bao-wei , LIU Zi-ying , SUN Xi-kun , QIU Lin , Gao Wei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) generally results inbrain injury, which is primarily caused by inflammation. Ac2-26 protects against multiple organ injury via anti-inflammatory activities. The present study evaluated the effect of Ac2-26 on brain injury in CPB rats.
Methods: A total of 40 rats were randomized into sham, CPB, Ac, and Ac/AKT1 groups. The sham group only received anesthesia, intubation and cannulation, and rats in the other groups underwent the standard CPB surgery. Rats in the sham and CPB groups received saline, and rats in the Ac and Ac/AKT1 groups received Ac2-26 immediately after CPB. Rats in the Ac/AKT1 group were injected with shRNA (AKT1) 3 days before CPB. The neurological function score and brain edema were evaluated 12 hours after CPB, and brain pathological injury and hippocampal apoptosis were assessed. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, S100β and NSE were tested. AKT1, eNOS, and phosphorylated NF-κB in the brain were also detected.
Results: Compared to the sham group, all indicators were aggravated in rats that underwent CPB. Compared to the CPB group, Ac2-26 significantly improved neurological scores and brain edema and ameliorated pathological injury and hippocampal apoptosis. Ac2-26 also reduced the proinflammatory factorsS100β and NSE but increased IL-10. Ac2-26 decreased phosphorylated NF-κB, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 but increased Bcl-2. AKT1 shRNA significantly reversed the protective effect of Ac2-26.
Conclusions: Ac2-26 significantly improved neurological function, reduced brain injury, regulated inflammation, and inhibited apoptosis after CPB. The protective effect of Ac2-26 primarily depended on AKT1.
Antiviral protection by antibodies targeting the glycan cap of Ebola virus glycoprotein
requires activation of the complement system
Authors: Ilinykh Philipp A. , Huang Kai , Gunn Bronwyn M. , Kuzmina Natalia A. , Gilchuk Pavlo , Alter Galit , Crowe James E. , Bukreyev Alexander 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Antibodies to Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV GP) represent an important correlate of the vaccine efficiency and infection survival. Both neutralization and some of the Fc-mediated effects are known to contribute the protection conferred by antibodies of various epitope specificities. At the same time, the role of the complement system in antibody-mediated protection remains unclear. In this study, we compared complement activation by two groups of representative monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) interacting with the glycan cap (GC) or the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of the viral sole glycoprotein GP. Binding of GC-specific mAbs to GP induced complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) in the GP-expressing cell line via C3 deposition on GP in contrast to MPER-specific mAbs that did not. Moreover, treatment of cells with a glycosylation inhibitor increased the CDC activity, suggesting that N-linked glycans downregulate CDC. In the mouse model of EBOV infection, depletion of the complement system by cobra venom factor led to an impairment of protection exerted by GC-specific but not MPER-specific mAbs. Our data suggest that activation of the complement system is an essential component of antiviral protection by antibodies targeting GC of EBOV GP.
An Altered Vigenère Circuit used in a Genetic Cross Again for Encryption of Medical Images
Authors: JARJAR MARIEM , JARJAR ABDELLATIF , abid abdellah , Kaddouhi Samir El , KATTASS MORAD , Benazzi ADELHAMID 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An innovative technique for encrypting colors and medical images will be provided in this paper. It is founded on the creation of many, arbitrary-sized substitution tables that are attached to current replacement and diffusion functions that produced from the chaotic maps employed. By applying an upgraded Vigenère circuit with the built S-Box, a genetic crossover suited to the encoding of color images with multiple chaotic vectors will be adopted. Finally, a genetic mutation is installed under the control of a chaotic table for the reproduction of the encrypted image capable of resisting any unexpected invasion. A massive amount of color images of various sizes and formats being simulated to verify the dependability of our cutting-edge technology.
Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Race on Survival and Treatment in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Brufsky Adam , Narayanan Susrutha Puthanmadhom , Ren Dianxu , Oesterreich Steffi , Lee Adrian , Rosenzweig Margaret 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background:
Race and socioeconomic factors affect outcomes in breast cancer. We aim to assess the effect of race and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) on overall survival and treatment patterns in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC)
Method:
Retrospective cohort study involving patients (N = 1,246) with distant breast cancer metastases diagnosed at UPMC Magee Women’s Breast Cancer Clinic from 2000–2017. Overall survival and treatment patterns were compared between races (African Americans and Caucasians) and SES groups (defined using National Deprivation Index)
Results:
Low SES, but not tumor characteristics, was associated with African American race (P < 0.0001) in the study population. Low SES (Median[IQR] survival 2.3[2.2–2.5] years vs high SES 2.7[2.5–3.1] years, P = .01) and African American race (Median [IQR] survival 1.8[1.3–2.3] years, vs Caucasians 2.5[2.3–2.7] years P = .008) separately predicted worse overall survival in patients with MBC. In the Cox Proportional Hazard model with SES, race, age, subtype, and number of metastases as covariates, low SES (Hazard ratio 1.19[1.04–1.37], P = .01), but not African American race (Hazard ratio 1.23[0.97–1.56], P = .08), independently predicted overall survival in MBC. Moreover, patients with ER + MBC from low SES neighborhoods were more likely to be treated with tamoxifen than aromatase inhibitors+/-newer agents, and African Americans received fewer lines of chemotherapy than Caucasians.
Conclusions:
Low neighborhood SES is associated with worse outcomes in patients with MBC. Poor outcomes in African American patients with MBC, at least in part is driven by socioeconomic factors. Future studies should delineate the interplay between neighborhood SES, race, and their effects on tumor biology in MBC.