bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traffic Safety Risk Assessment for Selected Roads in Al-Qadisiyah Province
Authors: Al-Gharabi Amjad Hussein , Zubaidi Hamsa , Das Subasish 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Road risk assessments use the same methodology as regular risk assessments and describe all of the dangers that are connected to drivers who use their vehicles for daily-related objectives. These risks include the distance traveled, the duration of the trip, the planned breaks, the driver’s posture, the sorts of routes, and the available driving options. The manuscript explored traffic crashes, the geographical distribution of crashes, and the road characteristics to identify the riskiest roads in Al-Qadisiyah Province. Data was collected from Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, and the data was divided into internal regions with 5996 crashes and external regions with about 6867 crashes. After compiling, indexing, and dividing the data, it was found that the critical crash times are at the beginning and end of the official working hours and at the time of rest after working hours. Likewise, the highest number of injuries are related to motorcyclists with 2447 crashes. It was also found that people (22-35) years old have the largest number of crashes followed by people 18 years old. After calculating the total number of accidents and the rate of accidents for all the roads selected for the study, the results indicated that the Diwaniyah-Daghara road had the highest number of accidents than the rest of the selected roads, as the number of accidents was 921 accidents, followed by the second place in terms of the number of accidents, the Diwaniyah-Sunya road, and after calculating the amount of danger for all roads ( There are 7 external roads and 3 internal roads). It is followed in second place by the Diwaniyah-Shafi’iyyah road with a crash severity of 15.05, and in third place by the Diwaniya-Daghara road with a severity of 13.65, whereas, Al-Askari road was ranked third with the number of crashes of 671, and now it ranks fifth with a severity of 8.31.
The cut off efficiency of sheet piles with variation of Water level: Al-hindiya barrage as case study.
Authors: Al-Sultani Wurood hu. , Al-Hadidi Maysam Th. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Al-Hindiya barrage is an important project to ensure safety of structures is considered as one of the important projects in Iraq, so it’s very important to checking it’s the extent of the efficiency of the cut-off wall can be determined by calculating the amount of seepage flow that occurred under the structure in different conditions, such as the difference in water levels in the upstream and downstream, using the Geo-studio SEEP/W program by taking a natural analysis and a differential analysis. Cut off and a significant drop, and also when the most dangerous flood situation occurs at the greatest level in the Upstream In this case, all the gates must be opened, i.e., a quick descent into the origin. This case was studied, and the efficiency of the cut-off wall was proven in the most dangerous case, and it is considered one of the indicators of peace for the Al-Hindiya barrage The finite element method was used to investigate cutoff walls and downstream filters to control seepage, exit hydraulic gradient, and uplift forces for dams, The Al-Hindiyah Bridge was studied and the error rate was less than 1%, studying the unloading situation at the highest level at a time approved by the executing company, and delaying the unloading process at this time at the start of the project operation This case was analyzed by studying the uplift pressure, seepage rate, seepage velocity, gradient and discharge at the upstream, i.e. from a point close to the face of the sheet pile and a point far from the face of the sheet pile at the downstream we conclude through this case the efficiency of the sheet pile at the point located in the backside, which shows the efficiency of the sheet pile significantly The study proved that when facing the Al-Hindiya Bridge, the state of flooding, all gates must be opened at an average speed for a period of 12 hours to get rid of the water in excess of the permitted storage The study proved the efficiency of the sheet bale when confronting the flood situation and at different times, by calculating the safety factor 2.24 within the permissible limits. Recommendations for suitable combinations of upstream cutoff and downstream filter are provide.
Recommendations for suitable combinations of upstream cutoff and downstream filter are provide
Recovery Nutrient from Agricultural Waste as An Effort To Develop Low-Carbon Agriculture In Thekelan Hamlet
Authors: Syafrudin  , Hardyanti N , Juliani H , Puspita A S , Octaviani Y N 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Thekelan Hamlet is located on the slopes of Mount Merbabu which is included in the Mount Merbabu National Park area. The majority of people earn from agriculture and animal husbandry because there is still a lot of land for farming. In the process of agricultural activities, residual materials or so-called agricultural waste are produced in the form of solids or liquids. In Thekelan Hamlet there is no agricultural wastewater treatment, so there is a need for agricultural wastewater management. One of them is by reusing nutrients so that they are still useful and do not pollute the environment. In agricultural wastewater, many types of nutrients can be reused, such as nitrogen and phosphate. So that the recovered nutrient content can be reused and processed into fertilizer. This will support the development of low-carbon agriculture in Thekelan Hamlet. The activity of reusing nutrients from agricultural liquid waste is also supported by the existence of a building to catch and process nutrients for agricultural liquid waste. The agricultural liquid waste runoff will be made into waterways according to the elevation of the land to eventually be accommodated in a storage building and processed into fertilizer with a certain concentration.
Redesigning the Wastewater Treatment Plant for the Tofu Industry in Ledok Kulon Village, Bojonegoro Regency
Authors: Widiyanto A , Masduqi A A , Otok B 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Currently, the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for the tofu industry in Ledok Kulon Village, Bojonegoro Regency uses an anaerobic-aerobic-anaerobic system. However, treated wastewater quality is still over maximum standard. To rectify this, the objective of the study was to technically improve the WWTP so that the treated wastewater could comply with the required quality standards for disposal into the environment. This was achieved without increasing the capacity of the WWTP by changing the function of each unit and modifying the flow patterns of the system. Additionally, the treatment system was altered from an anaerobic-aerobic-anaerobic to an anaerobic-aerobic system. Consequently, the WWTP redesigning calculations showed that the levels of BOD, COD, and TSS produced were 9.65 mg/L, 61.23 mg/L, and 2.16 mg/L, respectively, which met the required quality standards.
Annealing-induced changes in wear resistance and nanomechanical properties of CuZr metallic glass thin films
Authors: Gao Jianjing , He Nana , Rathan Athota , Agrawal Manoj Kumar , Mohanty Harsha 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Over recent years, metallic glass thin films (MGTFs) have found extensive applications in advanced micro-engineering systems. Consequently, there is a need to thoroughly assess the nanomechanical and tribological behaviors of MGTFs to optimize the design of efficient components. In this study, we employed the nanoindentation technique in various modes to investigate the elastic heterogeneity, tribological response, and mechanical properties of CuZr amorphous films. Before conducting the mechanical tests, annealing treatments at 500 K and 600 K were performed to create samples with different stored energies. The thermal history analysis revealed that the annealing process reduced the stored energy in the microstructure. Furthermore, the pre-annealing treatment resulted in increased hardness and Young’s modulus of the thin films. Additionally, higher annealing temperatures significantly improved the wear resistance of the MGTFs. Observing the serration dynamics in the scratching test, we noticed that the annealing treatment induced larger shear bands on the wear track side. Moreover, the increase in annealing temperature led to a reduction in elastic heterogeneity, which was consistent with the enthalpy relaxation values in the samples. This suggests that the annealing temperature enhanced the densely packed atomic structure, leading to the stabilization of the thin films.
Thermal, chemical, tensile and morphological characterization studies of bamboo fibre extracted from the indian species bambusa bambos
Authors: Sethu Suresh , Kalimuthu Mayandi , Nagarajan Rajini , Ismail Sikiru O , Devi Kanniga , Muthukannan M , Murali M , Mohammad Faruq , Al-Lohedan Hamad A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The objective of this research is to investigate the extraction and characterization of a particular kind of Indian bamboo family plant known as Bambusa bambos. The fibres were extracted from the bamboo plant in the form of strips using the retting process and separated as thin fibres after the stamping process. The extracted raw bamboo fibres were chemically modified in a 5% alkali solution. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the thermal, crystalinity, and morphological properties of untreated and alkali (NaOH) treated bamboo fibres. The ASTM standard was followed for the chemical composition and tensile testing of raw and chemically treated bamboo fibres. In contrast to raw bamboo fibres, alkali-treated bamboo fibres had a 5% drop in hemicellulose concentration. In the alkali-treated state, weakly bonded containments were removed from the fiber's surface, exposing the cellulose over a wider surface area. As a result, the thermal stability of the alkali-treated fibres was enhanced as compared to raw bamboo fibres. The increased amount of cellulose content and decreasing aspect ratio of the alkali-treated bamboo fibers lead to increased tensile strength. A significant improvement in the crystallinity index (broad band width of the second peak) was observed in the alkali-treated condition, which may occur due to the removal of hemicelluloses. Based on their performance, the chemically treated bamboo fibres can be used as effective reinforcement elements for the development of polymer matrix composites in the automobile and construction industries.
Magnetostriction and volume magnetostriction of sputtered Tb20Fe24Co56 film
Authors: Huang Yi-Te , Ono Takahito 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The magnetostriction and volume magnetostriction of sputtered amorphous Tb20Fe24Co56 (TFC) films are investigated. In recent years, knowledge of volume magnetostriction is needed in terms of actuator applications utilizing the volume magnetostriction effect. This TFC film with the composition selected in this study is known to exhibit small Joule magnetostriction in Tb-Fe-Co system, and the volume magnetostriction of Tb-Fe-Co thin film systems may be observed more significantly. A bilayer cantilever structure is used to evaluate the magnetostriction performance, which indicates that the largest magnetostriction coefficient and volume magnetostriction of the TFC films are 54 and 48 ppm at an external magnetic field of 7490 Oe, respectively. The Ar gas pressure during sputter deposition is selected to be in the range of 0.7 to 8 Pa in consideration of the deposition quality of the TFC film. The residual stress shifts to the tensile side as the Ar gas pressure increases while the stress field affects the magnetostriction performance. The value of the Joule magnetostriction of the TFC film is almost as same as the volume magnetostriction, which shows that the volume magnetostriction is the dominant mechanism of the magnetic field-induced strain. The homogeneous distribution of elements in the amorphous TFC films possibly makes the Joule magnetostriction small. Since the magnetization of the TFC film is sensitive to strain, the stress field in the in-plane direction strongly constrains the magnetic moment in the out-of-plane direction, and this constraint affects the magnetostriction and magnetization properties. This strain-sensitive magnetic film opens up new possibilities for microdevices using magnetostrictive TFC films via volume magnetostriction.
New environmentally friendly substance formulation based on steel slag for the manufacture of stoneware
Authors: Zhou Miao , Wang Yuzheng , Li Laishi , Wu Yusheng , Xu Pengchen , Ma Minglong , Yu Mingming 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, stoneware was prepared using steel slag shale as the main raw material. A typical ceramic sintering procedure was used to evaluate the effects of a sintering temperature of 1050∼1130 °C on the linear shrinkage, water absorption, bulk density, and flexural strength parameters of stoneware samples. The stoneware samples were characterized by XRF, XRD, and SEM. The results showed that the performance of the steel slag content of 40% at sintering temperature of 1110 °C was better than the other samples. The main phases of the sample are composed of the quartz phase, the pyroxene phase, and the anorthite phase. Among them, the water absorption rate is 1.36%, the linear shrinkage rate is 11.36%, the bulk density is 2.46 g cm−3, and the flexural strength is 71.13 Mpa. Anorthite and pyroxene improve the bending strength of stoneware samples, which is realized by the prestress mechanism.
Investigation on the tensile rheological behavior of pa6 film based on fractional order model
Authors: Li Bowen , Liao Guangkai , Liu Jiaxin , Xie Zhenyan , Cui Lingna , Yang Yunlong , Liu Yuejun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the research results on the rheological behavior of Polyamide 6 (PA6) film during uniaxial stretching. The creep and relaxation tests of PA6 films were conducted on dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tester under uniaxial tensile conditions. And analyzed the PA6 film creep behavior under different stress and temperature, the stress relaxation behavior under different strain. With the increase of temperature or stress, the creep behavior of PA6 film was enhanced. With the increase of strain, the relaxation of PA6 film showed an enhanced tendency. Fractional-order Maxwell model, fractional-order Kelvin model and fractional-order linear body model were used to fit and analyze the experimental data under different conditions. The results showed that the fractional-order linear body model was better suited for describing the rheological behavior of PA6 film under uniaxial stretching. Then, the fractional-order linear body model was used to fit and analyze the creep and relaxation curves under different conditions, and the rheological properties of PA6 film were discussed according to the fitting results. The results indicated that the rheological elements in the internal microstructure of PA6 film were more easily activated under high stress state, and the macroscopic viscous characteristics were more obvious under high strain state. The above results will provide a theoretical basis to further explore the deformation mechanism of PA6 film during tensile tests.
Synthesis, physicochemical characteristics, cytocompatibility, and antibacterial properties of iron-doped biphasic calcium phosphate nanoparticles with incorporation of silver
Authors: Nie Lei , Chang Pengbo , Okoro Oseweuba Valentine , Ayran Musa , Gunduz Oguzhan , Hu Kehui , Wang Tianwen , Shavandi Amin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The application of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has been widely explored due to its extensively documented multi-functionality. The present study attempts to synthesize a new type of BCP nanoparticles, characterised with favourable cytocompatibility and antibacterial properties via modifications in their structure, functionality and assemblage, using dopants. In this regard, this study initially synthesized iron-doped BCP (FB) nanoparticles with silver subsequently incorporated into FB nanoparticles to create a nanostructured composite (FBAg). The FB and FBAg nanoparticles were then characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that silver was present in the FBAg nanoparticles, with a positive correlation observed between increasing AgNO3 concentrations and increasing shape irregularity and reduced particle size distribution. Additionally, cell culture tests revealed that both FB and FBAg nanoparticles were compatible with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). The antibacterial activity of the FBAg nanoparticles was also tested using Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus, and was found to be effective against both bacteria. The inhibition rates of FBAg nanoparticles against E. coli and S. aureus were 33.78 ± 1.69–59.03 ± 2.95%, and 68.48 ± 4.11–89.09 ± 5.35%, respectively. These findings suggest that the FBAg nanoparticles have potential use in future biomedical applications.
Advances in memristor based artificial neuron fabrication-materials, models, and applications
Authors: Bian Jingyao , Liu Zhiyong , Tao Ye , Wang Zhongqiang , Zhao Xiaoning , Lin Ya , Xu Haiyang , Liu Yichun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Spiking neural network (SNN), widely known as the third-generation neural network, has been frequently investigated due to its excellent spatiotemporal information processing capability, high biological plausibility, and low energy consumption characteristics. Analogous to the working mechanism of human brain, the SNN system transmits information through the spiking action of neurons. Therefore, artificial neurons are critical building blocks for constructing SNN in hardware. Memristors are drawing growing attention due to low consumption, high speed, and nonlinearity characteristics, which are recently introduced to mimic the functions of biological neurons. Researchers have proposed multifarious memristive materials including organic materials, inorganic materials, or even two-dimensional materials. Taking advantage of the unique electrical behavior of these materials, several neuron models are successfully implemented, such as Hodgkin–Huxley model, leaky integrate-and-fire model and integrate-and-fire model. In this review, the recent reports of artificial neurons based on memristive devices are discussed. In addition, we highlight the models and applications through combining artificial neuronal devices with sensors or other electronic devices. Finally, the future challenges and outlooks of memristor-based artificial neurons are discussed, and the development of hardware implementation of brain-like intelligence system based on SNN is also prospected.
Engineering vascularized organotypic tissues via module assembly
Authors: Zhou Zhenzhen , Liu Changru , Guo Yuting , Pang Yuan , Sun Wei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Adequate vascularization is a critical determinant for the successful construction and clinical implementation of complex organotypic tissue models. Currently, low cell and vessel density and insufficient vascular maturation make vascularized organotypic tissue construction difficult, greatly limiting its use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. To address these limitations, recent studies have adopted pre-vascularized microtissue assembly for the rapid generation of functional tissue analogs with dense vascular networks and high cell density. In this article, we summarize the development of module assembly-based vascularized organotypic tissue construction and its application in tissue repair and regeneration, organ-scale tissue biomanufacturing, as well as advanced tissue modeling.
Screening for quality with process analytical technology in a health-system pharmacy: A primer
Authors: Almeter Philip J , Isaacs James T , Hunter Aaron N , Lyman Thomas A , Zapata Stephanie P , Henderson Bradley S , Larkin Seth A , Long Lindsey M , Bossle Megan N , Bhaktawara Smaran A , Warren Matthew F , Lozier Austin M , Melson Joshua D , Fraley Savannah R , Relucio Eunice Hazzel L , Felix Margaret A , Reynolds Jeffrey W , Naseman Ryan W , Platt Thomas L , Lodder Robert A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose
The University of Kentucky Drug Quality Study team briefly reviews the growing concerns over pharmaceutical manufacturing quality in the globalized environment, reviews the historical approach by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that prioritizes process over product in enforcing quality with manufacturers, reviews the science of process analytical technology (PAT) such as near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, illustrates the use of PAT methods for assessing uniformity and quality in injectable pharmaceuticals, and demonstrates the application of NIR spectroscopy in a health-system pharmacy setting while maintaining current good practice quality guidelines and regulations (cGxP).

Summary
Given that the current approach to monitoring quality in pharmaceutical manufacturing was developed in the late 1960s at a time when manufacturing was mostly domestic, the current approach prioritizes process over product, and the global footprint of manufacturing is straining federal resources to fulfill their task of monitoring quality, an approach to augment the quality monitoring process has been developed. PAT methodologies are supported by FDA for monitoring quality and offer a fast, low-cost, nondestructive solution. Given that the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education has not required qualitative/quantitative analysis and drug assaying in the pharmacy curriculum for several decades, the authors spend time explaining the science behind one of these PAT methodologies, NIR spectroscopy. This primer reviews the application of this technology in the health-system pharmacy setting and the relevant clinical applications.

Conclusion
Utilizing PAT methodologies such as NIR spectroscopy, health-system pharmacies can gain insights about whether process controls are in place or lacking in FDA-approved formulations.