bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital cognitive assessments for Brain Injury– a Systematic Review
Authors: Dhandapani Priya , Thenmozhi S 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives: Cognitive impairments due to brain injury (BI) are substantial sources of morbidity for affected individuals, their family members, and society. Digital assessments may enhance the efficiency of evaluations in neurology and other clinics. This paper aims to examine the role of digital cognitive assessments for patients with brain injury. Digital neuropsychological assessments for BI patients have long been encouraged to increase their use of experimental designs. However, solid support for such advocacy is lacking, and the present paper fills in this research gap.
Method: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. This work was pre-registered on the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42023388370). By using a systematic approach, studies between January 2012 and November 2022 that included Digital cognitive assessments for BI patients were included. This study conducts content analysis based on certain criteria including journal outlets, years of publication, contexts, experimental designs, settings, number of independent variables, research subjects, sample size, subjects per experimental condition, statistical analyses, and provision of effect size.
Results: Twenty-six studies were included from an initial N=99 (2 database search) Findings showed that the number of experimental publications has significantly increased over the past decade, especially in digital cognitive publications. Nonetheless, there is still room for improvement in applying the experimental design in using digitalized cognitive assessments for BI patients
Conclusion: Digital neuropsychology provides new approaches for measuring and monitoring neuropsychological functioning, informed by an understanding of the limitations and potential of digital technology
Association Between Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR) And Serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Among U.S. Males
Authors: Hu Bowen , Yan Minbo , Huang Shuchang , Liang Hui , Lian Wenfei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The evidence suggests that the systemic inflammatory response may influence Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations. The relationship between platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and PSA, on the other hand, remains contradictory. As a result, we examined the relationship between PLR and PSA using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database.
Methods
After the screening, 6,638 participants out of 52,195 in the NHANES survey from 2001 to 2010 were suitable for our study. The PLR was the independent variable in our study, and PSA was the dependent variable.
Results
The selected subjects in our study had an average age of 58.563 years (± 11.848 years). After controlling for covariates, the results showed that for everyone increase in PLR, the PSA concentration increased by 0.004 ng/mL (0.001, 0.007), and the difference was statistically significant. Furthermore, we created a smoothing curve based on a fully adjusted model to investigate the possibility of a linear relationship between PLR and PSA concentration.
Conclusion
PLR is independently and positively correlated with PSA in American men. Due to detection bias, the specificity of detecting asymptomatic prostate cancer improves in populations with low PLR, whereas in people with high PLR, it may predispose to over-diagnosis of asymptomatic prostate cancer.
Comparative study of zinc oxide nanocomposites with different noble metals synthesized by biological method for photocatalytic disinfection of Escherichia coli present in hospital wastewater
Authors: Jha Pankaj Kumar , Pokhum Chonlada , Soison Pichai , Techato Kua-anan , Chawengkijwanich Chamorn 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Binary zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposites with different noble metals, silver (Ag) and ruthenium (Ru), were prepared from an aqueous leaf extract of Callistemon viminalis. The biosynthesized photocatalysts were characterized and examined for their photocatalytic disinfection against Escherichia coli isolated from hospital wastewater. The influence of the different noble metals showed a difference in physicochemical characteristics and photocatalytic efficiency between Ag–ZnO and Ru–ZnO. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and photocatalytic disinfection were found to be in the order Ag–ZnO &gt; Ru–ZnO &gt; ZnO. The photocatalytic disinfection of Ag–ZnO reached a 75% reduction in 60 min, compared to 34 and 9% reductions of Ru–ZnO and ZnO, respectively. The kinetic reaction rate for the photocatalytic disinfection of Ag–ZnO was found to be 2.8 times higher than that of Ru–ZnO. The outstanding photocatalytic activity of Ag–ZnO over Ru–ZnO was attributed to higher crystallinity, greater UVA adsorption capacity, smaller particle size, and the additional antimicrobial effect of Ag itself. The C. viminalis-mediated Ag–ZnO nanocomposites can be a potential candidate for photocatalytic disinfection of drug-resistant E. coli in hospital wastewater.
Binding Affinity Studies of Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase and Ligands
by Saturation Transfer Difference NMR
Authors: Fang Tingting , Zhang Jianyu 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) catalyzes the N-methylation of
nicotinamide with S-adenosine-L-methionine (SAM) as the methyl donor. Abnormal expression of
NNMT is associated with many diseases (such as multiple cancers and metabolic and liver diseases),
making NNMT a potential therapeutic target. Limited studies concerning the enzymesubstrate/
inhibitor interactions could be found to fully understand the detailed reaction mechanism.

Methods:
The binding affinity and ligand binding epitopes of nicotinamide or SAH for binding NNMT
and its mutants were determined using saturated transfer difference (STD) nuclear magnetic resonance
(NMR) techniques combined with site-directed mutagenesis.

Results:
The average dissociation constant of WT NNMT with nicotinamide and S-adenosine
homocysteine (SAH) was 5.5 ± 0.9 mM and 1.2 ± 0.3 mM, respectively, while the mutants Y20F and
Y20G with nicotinamide were up to nearly 4 times and 20 times that of WT and with SAH nearly 2
times and 5 times that of WT. The data suggested that WT had the highest binding affinity for
nicotinamide or SAH, followed by Y20F and Y20G, which was consistent with its catalytic activity.

Conclusion:
The binding affinity of nicotinamide and SAH to NNMT and its mutants were obtained
by STD NMR in this study. It was found that nicotinamide and SAH bind to WT in a particular
orientation, and Y20 is critical for their binding orientation and affinity to NNMT.
Venous Air Embolism: Case Series of a Complication of Computed Tomography
Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA) in the Emergency Department of Medicine
Authors: Cueto-Robledo Guillermo , Gonzalez-Hermosillo Leslie-Marisol , Palacios-Moguel Paul , Roldan-Valadez Ernesto 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Venous air embolism (VAE) consists of air entering vascular structures due to a pressure gradient generated during medical-surgical procedures. Most cases of VAE are iatrogenic.

Case Reports:
Three hospitalised patients aged 23 to 86 years underwent venous air embolism (VAE) in the right heart system after performing CTPA. One of the patients died from a complication of venous thromboembolic disease (PE, coronary sinus thrombosis, mesenteric venous thrombosis).

Conclusions:
CTPA is a procedure that a priori seems innocuous, but it can be a potential cause of death or serious consequences for patients undergoing radiological procedures where the administration of contrast and the use of an injector could be counterproductive. Radiologists and physicians responsible for the patient should be aware of vascular gas embolism after contrast injection in patients undergoing CTPA.
Comprehensive Introspection of Magnetoresistive Sensors Applied in
Biomedical Diagnostics
Authors: Gayathri S. Vimala , Subbulekshmi D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Over the recent years, magnetoresistive (MR) sensors in biosensing technologies have played a pivotal role in detecting and quantifying biomarkers. The article highly focuses on the potential implications of tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR), giant magnetoresistance (GMR), anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR), and hybrid MR sensors over conventional prototypes. The study mainly elaborates on the sensor characteristics and their implementation in the biomedical domain. The encompassing evaluation reveals the findings that the TMR sensors are remarkably stable and sensitive, whereas the GMR sensors are highly robust and inexpensive, as determined by the detection level, accuracy, sensing distance, and sensitivity. In addition, it is stated that hybrid MR sensors have lower error rates than AMR sensors utilized in the limited research area.
Treatment with Exosomes Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A New
Window of Healing Science in Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Hormozi Arezoo , Hasanzadeh Sajedeh , Ebrahimi Faezeh , Daei Narges , Hajimortezayi Zahra , Mehdizadeh Amir , Zamani Majid 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Many studies have been conducted on the potential applications of mesenchymal stem cells
(MSCs) over recent years due to their growing importance in regenerative medicine. Exosomes are considered
cargos capable of transporting proteins, peptides, lipids, mRNAs, and growth factors. MSCsderived
exosomes are also involved in the prevention or treatment of a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular
diseases, neurological diseases, skin disorders, lung diseases, osteoarthritis, damaged tissue
repair, and other diseases. This review attempted to summarize the importance of employing MSCs in
regenerative medicine by gathering and evaluating information from current literature. The role of MSCs
and the potential applications of MSCs-derived exosomes have also been discussed.
Biological Potential of Kakkalide in Medicine for the Treatment of Human
Disorders: An Overview of Pharmacological Aspects
Authors: Patel Dinesh Kumar , Patel Kanika 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Pueraria lobata is an important herbal medicine of Fabaceae family that
has been clinically used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to counteract human disorders and associated
secondary complications. Kakkalide also called irisolidone 7-xylosylglucoside is an isoflavonoid
of Puerariae flos, Pueraria lobata and Flos Puerariae. Moreover, Kakkalide has a wide
range of bioactivities in medicine.

Methods:
Biological potential of kakkalide was investigated in the present work through scientific
data analysis of different scientific research work on kakkalide in order to know its therapeutic
potential in medicine. Scientific data on Pueraria lobata were collected and analyzed in the present
work. All the scientific data were collected from Google, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Science
Direct in the present work.

Results:
Scientific data analysis of kakkalide revealed its biological importance and therapeutic
potential in medicine. The present investigation signified kakkalide’s effectiveness in inflammatory
diseases, prostaglandin E2 production, liver complication, gastric injury, alcoholism, insulinresistant
endothelial dysfunction, aldose reductase enzyme, hyperlipidemia, estrogenic activity,
and stroke. In addition, the bioavailability of kakkalide was also discussed in the present paper.
Present work also revealed the significance of analytical techniques for the separation, isolation
and identification of kakkalide in different biological and non-biological samples.

Conclusion:
Present paper signified the health-beneficial aspects of kakkalide in medicine.
A Review on Exploring the Potential of Vincamine and
Melatonin as an
Effective Anti-depressant Agent
Authors: Bee Rizwana , Ahmad Mohammad , Verma Shashi 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Depression is a prevalent psychiatric disorder and one of the leading
causes of disability around the world. Herbal and synthetic medications used to treat depression,
may interrupt the therapy process and cause adverse effects. Currently, the use of medicinal and phytochemical
plants, which have various therapeutic effects and has potential strategy for treating depression.
According to the studies, medicinal plants have a variety of effects on the brain system and
have antidepressant properties such as synaptic modulation of serotonin, noradrenalin and dopamine
as well as inflammatory mediators. According to the literature review, Vinca Rosea extract has a variety
of pharmacological activities, but there is no evidence of its antidepressant properties.

Objectives:
The main aim of the present study is to gather data from the literature review regarding
the antidepressant activity of vincamine alone and along with melatonin.

Methods:
According to the review antidepressant activity of various medications can be tested
using two different types of studies, including in-vivo and in-vitro.

Results:
Clinical and preclinical research suggests that one of the main mediators in the pathophysiology
of depression seems to be stress. Depression can be evaluated using experimental
methods based on a variety of physical indicators, including locomotor activity, rearing, faeces,
and the quantity of entries in the centre square (in-vivo and in-vitro). Biological conditions can be
used to find it as well. It has been successfully concluded that vincamine, either alone or in combination
with melatonin, may provide a potential role as an antidepressant.

Conclusion:
According to the Globe Health Organization, depression will become the most common
cause of loss of interest in working in the world. As a result, depression research is one of the
most significant ways in which we might create new treatments in the form of vincamine and
combination with melatonin for depression and improve existing therapies to make them work
better for depressed people. It will also aid in the development and creation of novel ways for the
better treatment of depression.
Usability Evaluation of a Knowledge Graph–Based Dementia Care Intelligent Recommender System: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Leng Minmin , Sun Yue , Li Ce , Han Shuyu , Wang Zhiwen 
Published: August 2023

Background
Knowledge graph–based recommender systems offer the possibility of meeting the personalized needs of people with dementia and their caregivers. However, the usability of such a recommender system remains unknown.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the usability of a knowledge graph–based dementia care intelligent recommender system (DCIRS).

Methods
We used a convergent mixed methods design to conduct the usability evaluation, including the collection of quantitative and qualitative data. Participants were recruited through social media advertisements. After 2 weeks of DCIRS use, feedback was collected with the Computer System Usability Questionnaire and semistructured interviews. Descriptive statistics were used to describe sociodemographic characteristics and questionnaire scores. Qualitative data were analyzed systematically using inductive thematic analysis.

Results
A total of 56 caregivers were recruited. Quantitative data suggested that the DCIRS was easy for caregivers to use, and the mean questionnaire score was 2.14. Qualitative data showed that caregivers generally believed that the content of the DCIRS was professional, easy to understand, and instructive, and could meet users’ personalized needs; they were willing to continue to use it. However, the DCIRS also had some shortcomings. Functions that enable interactions between professionals and caregivers and that provide caregiver support and resource recommendations might be added to improve the system’s usability.

Conclusions
The recommender system provides a solution to meet the personalized needs of people with dementia and their caregivers and has the potential to substantially improve health outcomes. The next step will be to optimize and update the recommender system based on caregivers’ suggestions and evaluate the effect of the application.
A Web-Based Calculator to Predict Early Death Among Patients With Bone Metastasis Using Machine Learning Techniques: Development and Validation Study
Authors: Lei Mingxing , Wu Bing , Zhang Zhicheng , Qin Yong , Cao Xuyong , Cao Yuncen , Liu Baoge , Su Xiuyun , Liu Yaosheng 
Published: August 2023

Background
Patients with bone metastasis often experience a significantly limited survival time, and a life expectancy of <3 months is generally regarded as a contraindication for extensive invasive surgeries. In this context, the accurate prediction of survival becomes very important since it serves as a crucial guide in making clinical decisions.

Objective
This study aimed to develop a machine learning–based web calculator that can provide an accurate assessment of the likelihood of early death among patients with bone metastasis.

Methods
This study analyzed a large cohort of 118,227 patients diagnosed with bone metastasis between 2010 and 2019 using the data obtained from a national cancer database. The entire cohort of patients was randomly split 9:1 into a training group (n=106,492) and a validation group (n=11,735). Six approaches—logistic regression, extreme gradient boosting machine, decision tree, random forest, neural network, and gradient boosting machine—were implemented in this study. The performance of these approaches was evaluated using 11 measures, and each approach was ranked based on its performance in each measure. Patients (n=332) from a teaching hospital were used as the external validation group, and external validation was performed using the optimal model.

Results
In the entire cohort, a substantial proportion of patients (43,305/118,227, 36.63%) experienced early death. Among the different approaches evaluated, the gradient boosting machine exhibited the highest score of prediction performance (54 points), followed by the neural network (52 points) and extreme gradient boosting machine (50 points). The gradient boosting machine demonstrated a favorable discrimination ability, with an area under the curve of 0.858 (95% CI 0.851-0.865). In addition, the calibration slope was 1.02, and the intercept-in-large value was −0.02, indicating good calibration of the model. Patients were divided into 2 risk groups using a threshold of 37% based on the gradient boosting machine. Patients in the high-risk group (3105/4315, 71.96%) were found to be 4.5 times more likely to experience early death compared with those in the low-risk group (1159/7420, 15.62%). External validation of the model demonstrated a high area under the curve of 0.847 (95% CI 0.798-0.895), indicating its robust performance. The model developed by the gradient boosting machine has been deployed on the internet as a calculator.

Conclusions
This study develops a machine learning–based calculator to assess the probability of early death among patients with bone metastasis. The calculator has the potential to guide clinical decision-making and improve the care of patients with bone metastasis by identifying those at a higher risk of early death.
LAW ENFORCEMENT PREPAREDNESS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INDONESIA’S LAW ON JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM
Authors: Krisnawati Dani 
Published: August 2023

Paradigmatic changes stipulated in Law Number 11 of 2012 on Juvenile Justice System, including regulations concerning restorative justice and diversion require the competency and skills of the law enforcement officers. This research identifies measures that have been taken and the existing barriers in preparing for the implementation of this Law. The research demonstrates that the readiness of the investigators and child prosecutors are merely limited to the outreach of Law Number 11 of 2012, whilst knowledge of the court judges only covers the draft Law. The number of officers receiving outreach is limited and should be increased. Negative perception on the officers due to the risk of a bribery accusation is feared to hamper the implementation of diversion regulation based on a restorative justice. Perubahan paradigmatik yang termuat dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak, termasuk diantaranya ketentuan mengenai keadilan restoratif dan diversi, memerlukan kompetensi dan keahlian aparat penegak hukum. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi langkah yang telah dilakukan dan kendala persiapan implementasi Undang-Undang tersebut. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa kesiapan penyidik dan penuntut umum anak masih terbatas pada partisipasi sosialisasi Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012, sedangkan hakim anak memiliki pengetahuan hanya pada Rancangan Undang-Undang. Jumlah aparat yang menerima sosialisasi Undang-Undangmasih terbatas dan perlu ditingkatkan jumlahnya. Pandangan negatif terhadap aparat karena bisa menimbulkan dugaan suap dikhawatirkan menjadi penghambat diterapkannya ketentuan diversi dengan pendekatan keadilan restoratif.
THE JUST DRUG DISTRIBUTION IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF WELFARE STATE
Authors: Tjitrawati Aktieva Tri 
Published: August 2023

States have obligations to improve equitability of welfare and prosperity of the community. Pharmaceutical is one of the important and strategic industries because of its vital role to support the development of health sector. Lack of regulation on pricing-products, and diversion of social aspects in the drugs trade, either by government or industry, are associated with the paradigm that underlies regulation of the distributions. Prospective policy analysis and functional approach of law are used to find a level of balance of various interest related to the subject, and to find concepts as a basis to construct new paradigm on drugs distribution. Negara berkewajiban untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan kemakmuran masyarakat secara berkeadilan. Industri farmasi merupakan salah satu industri penting dan strategis karena perannya yang vital menunjang pembangunan bidang kesehatan.Terdapat kecenderungan kurangnya peran Pemerintah dalam pricing policy obat, serta diabaikannya aspek sosial dalam perdagangan produk farmasi, baik oleh Pemerintah maupun industri farmasi. Carut marut ini berkaitan dengan ketidakjelasan paradigma yang berujung pada ketidakjelasan kebijakan yang melandasi tatanan distribusi obat. Makalah ini menggunakan analisis kebijakan prospektif dan pendekatan fungsional hukum untuk mengkaji kebijakan distribusi obat yang bersifat multi disiplin dan menemukan konsep baru untuk menemukan titik keseimbangan dari berbagai kepentingan terkait.
THE CRIME OF AGGRESSION: COMPLEXITIES IN DEFINITION AND ELEMENTS OF CRIME
Authors: Maskun Mr. 
Published: August 2023

The infamous complexity of having a proper definition for crime of aggression began a long time ago. A working definition has been discussed by experts and scholars from time to time. However, they have not reached into a common understanding, including the International Law Commission. The amendment to the Rome Statute, taking place on June 12, 2010, was expected to deal with the problemsof definition. In addition it will also be a guidance to categorize such a crime as a crime of aggression,particular in terms of elaboration of elements of crime of aggression. Kompleksitas pendefinisian kejahatan agresi telah terjadi sejak beberapa tahun yang lalu. Definisi kejahatan agresi telah diperdebatkan oleh para ahli termasuk didalamnya Komisi Hukum Internasional, namun hingga kini perdebatan terus terjadi. Hasil amandemen atas Statuta Roma yang ber-langsung di Kampala Uganda 12 Juni 2010 akan menjadi jalan keluar untuk mengatasi perdebatan dimaksud. Di samping itu, amandemen tersebut dapat menjadi rambu-rambu dalam menguraikan elemen kejahatan agresi, sehingga kejahatan yang diduga sebagai kejahatan agresi dapat diuraikan dengan takaran yang baku (standard) menurut hukum internasional.