bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal hysteresis and front propagation in dense planetary rings
Authors: Larue Rémy , Latter Henrik , Rein Hanno 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Saturn’s rings are composed of icy grains, most in the mm to m size ranges, undergoing several collisions per orbit. Their collective behaviour generates a remarkable array of structures over many orders of magnitude, much of it not well understood. On the other hand, the collisional properties and parameters of individual ring particles are poorly constrained; usually, N-body simulations and kinetic theory employ hard-sphere models with a coefficient of restitution ϵ that is constant or a decreasing function of impact speed. Due to the plastic deformation of surface regolith, however, it is likely that ϵ will be more complicated, at the very least a non-monotonic function. We undertake N-body simulations with the REBOUND code with non-monotonic ϵ laws to approximate surfaces that are friable but not sticking. Our simulations reveal that such ring models can support two thermally stable steady states for the same (dynamical) optical depth: a cold and a warm state. If the ring breaks up into radial bands of one or the other, we find that warmer states tend to migrate into the colder states via a coherent travelling front. We also find stationary ‘viscous’ fronts, which connect states of different optical depths, but the same angular momentum flux. We discuss these preliminary results and speculate on their implications for structure formation in Saturn’s B and C-rings, especially with respect to structures that appear in Cassini images but not in occultations.
Constraining cosmic inflation with observations: Prospects for 2030
Authors: Bahr-Kalus Benedict , Parkinson David , Easther Richard 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
The ability to test and constrain theories of cosmic inflation will advance substantially over the next decade. Key data sources include cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements and observations of the distribution of matter at low-redshift from optical, near-infrared, and 21-cm intensity surveys. A positive detection of a CMB B-mode consistent with a primordial stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) is widely viewed as a smoking gun for an inflationary phase. Still, a null result does not exclude inflation. However, in a significant class of inflationary scenarios, a low SGWB amplitude is correlated with a more significant running, αs, in the primordial density perturbations than is seen with the simplest inflationary potentials. With this motivation, we forecast the precision with which the spectral index ns and αs can be constrained by currently envisaged observations, including CMB (Simons Observatory, CMB-S4 and LiteBIRD), optical/near infra-red (DESI and SPHEREx), and 21-cm intensity mapping (Tianlai and CHIME) surveys. We identify optimal combinations of data sets for constraining the running and show that they may yield additional and informative constraints on the overall inflationary parameter space if the SGWB remains undetected.
Do simulated molecular clouds look like real ones?
Authors: Priestley F D , Clark P C , Whitworth A P 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Simulations of molecular clouds often begin from highly idealized initial conditions, such as a uniform-density sphere with an artificially imposed turbulent velocity field. While the resulting structures may appear qualitatively similar to those detected in continuum and line observations, it is unclear whether they are genuinely representative of real molecular clouds. Recent observational work has discovered a tight, often close-to-linear relationship between the integrated intensity of molecular lines and the total column density of the cloud material. We combine magnetohydrodynamical simulations, time-dependent chemistry, and radiative transfer to produce synthetic molecular line observations of model clouds. We find similarly tight correlations between line intensity and column density to those observed, although the linear behaviour is only seen in isolated (as opposed to colliding) model clouds. This linear relationship is not due to optically thin emission; all lines investigated have high optical depths, and the increase in integrated intensity with column density is due to higher velocity dispersion along the line of sight. Overall, the idealized models commonly used in the literature appear to be reasonably accurate representations of real molecular clouds.
Holocene molluscan successions from southeastern Spain (Galera, Andalusia): a palaeoenvironmental framework and a palaeobiogeographic resource of the Granada UNESCO Geopark
Authors: Wackenheim Quentin , Richter Christiane , Limondin-Lozouet Nicole , Wolf Daniel , García-Tortosa Francisco Juan , Marzin Elisa , Hofmann Luise , Dabkowski Julie , Faust Dominik 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTIn Spain, Holocene deposits are widespread, and although they have been extensively investigated by quaternarists for several decades, their malacological content has remained scarcely studied. In the framework of a German–French–Spanish collaboration, alluvial and tufa sequences in the Baza Basin, Andalusia, Spain are analysed with a multidisciplinary approach, including the analysis of the molluscan successions. Holocene fossil molluscs of the studied sequences reveal a rich assemblage of 53 species, among which 33 are terrestrial. Between 10,000 and 9,000 cal. yr BP, the Galera succession indicates strong river dynamics that prevented the establishment of adjacent terrestrial habitats. The Early to Middle Holocene transition reflects the continuity of humid environments. The Middle Holocene fauna reveals a decrease in humidity accompanied by slight evidence of drier habitats in the near periphery of the floodplain/tufa deposits from 5,900 cal. yr BP onwards. Late Holocene deposits (around 3,000 to 300 cal. yr BP) point to dry and open biotopes indicated by the appearance of xero-resistant and mesophilous gastropods. The palaeoenvironmental reconstruction inferred from the malacocenoses allows discussing local to regional responses of the malacofauna to environmental changes and is consistent with past regional environmental and climatic trends identified in southeastern Spain. The fossil record at Galera offers new evidence to question and clarify the modern range of endemic taxa whose distributions are fragmented. By following a ‘conservation paleobiology’ approach, the analysis of the mollusc fossil record at Galera provides (1) baselines to determine the natural variability of ecosystems and their response to environmental changes, (2) data to discuss and clarify species distribution evolution and (3) arguments to support conservation priorities.
Root PRR7 Improves the Accuracy of the Shoot Circadian Clock through Nutrient Transport
Authors: Uemoto Kyohei , Mori Fumito , Yamauchi Shota , Kubota Akane , Takahashi Nozomu , Egashira Haruki , Kunimoto Yumi , Araki Takashi , Takemiya Atsushi , Ito Hiroshi , Endo Motomu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The circadian clock allows plants to anticipate and adapt to periodic environmental changes. Organ- and tissue-specific properties of the circadian clock and shoot-to-root circadian signaling have been reported. While this long-distance signaling is thought to coordinate physiological functions across tissues, little is known about the feedback regulation of the root clock on the shoot clock in the hierarchical circadian network. Here, we show that the plant circadian clock conveys circadian information between shoots and roots through sucrose and K+. We also demonstrate that K+ transport from roots suppresses the variance of period length in shoots and then improves the accuracy of the shoot circadian clock. Sucrose measurements and qPCR showed that root sucrose accumulation was regulated by the circadian clock. Furthermore, root circadian clock genes, including PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR7 (PRR7), were regulated by sucrose, suggesting the involvement of sucrose from the shoot in the regulation of root clock gene expression. Therefore, we performed time-series measurements of xylem sap and micrografting experiments using prr7 mutants and showed that root PRR7 regulates K+ transport and suppresses variance of period length in the shoot. Our modeling analysis supports the idea that root-to-shoot signaling contributes to the precision of the shoot circadian clock. We performed micrografting experiments that illustrated how root PRR7 plays key roles in maintaining the accuracy of shoot circadian rhythms. We thus present a novel directional signaling pathway for circadian information from roots to shoots and propose that plants modulate physiological events in a timely manner through various timekeeping mechanisms.
NUCLEAR MEDICINE PROCEDURE VOLUME AND ESTIMATION OF COLLECTIVE EFFECTIVE DOSE IN TAMIL NADU TOWARDS THE ESTABLISHMENT OF DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVEL
Authors: Senthil Kumar M , Kumar C Senthil , Parmar R U , Velmurugan J 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith an objective to establish adult diagnostic reference levels in the practice of nuclear medicine (NM) in the state of Tamil Nadu (TN), data on the predominant NM procedures carried out in the state are analyzed. In this study, data on total NM diagnostic procedures during the years 2015–19 along with patient-specific diagnostic NM procedure data for the period April–June 2021 from all centers in Tamil Nadu are collected and analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Nine predominant types of NM scans are analyzed. Collective effective dose from NM scans and per capita dose for the TN population are estimated. The 75th percentile of the distribution and average administered activity (AAA) has been derived and local reference levels are reported. Based on the statistical analysis, it is observed that the whole-body positron emission tomography (PET), renal diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA) scan, bone methylene diphosphonate (MDP) scan, iodine-131 whole body scan, thyroid studies using Technetium per technetate, renal dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), myocardial perfusion methoxyisobutyl isonitrile sestamibi (MIBI), mebrofenin, Galium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) are the most common procedure covering &gt;90% of the practices carried out. The collective effective dose is 410 man-Sv in the year 2019, leading to a mean effective dose of 0.006 mSv per capita of the TN state population. The 75th percentile of the distribution of AA is slightly higher than diagnostic reference level (DRL) as compared with Australian DRL (310 MBq). It is also observed that F-18 PET procedures are primarily responsible for most of the collective effective dose, local DRL is 316 MBq and it is important to establish national DRLs for NM diagnostic scans to optimize the NM examinations.
Penile metastasis from prostate cancer misdiagnosed as Peyronie disease: a case report
Authors: Dai Yu , Shi Bao-Lei , Zhang Jie , Liu Shuang-Ning , Jia Ya-Tao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionPenile metastases from prostate cancer are rare, and patients’ prognosis and survival rates are low. Conservative treatment is usually recommended for such patients with an emphasis on improving their quality of life.AimsThe aims were to raise awareness of penile metastasis from prostate cancer and Peyronie disease among physicians and other health care professionals, as well as to provide a useful experience for future diagnosis and treatment.MethodsThe current case report is based on patient self-report and a literature review. Written informed consent was obtained from the patient.ResultsWe report the case of a 68-year-old man who was admitted with a complaint of urinary retention. Preoperative examination and ancillary tests showed a 2.0-cm-long hard nodule palpable on the dorsal aspect of the penile root, which was misdiagnosed as Peyronie disease. However, a biopsy of the penile scleroma was performed, and the final pathology finding confirmed the diagnosis of penile metastasis from prostate cancer. The patient opted for continuous androgen deprivation therapy (abiraterone) and systemic chemotherapy (docetaxel and cisplatin). He was treated for 2 cycles and had no specific discomfort during chemotherapy, except for significant gastrointestinal reactions, hypocellularity, and hair loss symptoms.ConclusionThis report describes a rare case of penile metastasis from prostate cancer, which was initially misdiagnosed as Peyronie disease, indicating that clinicians need to improve their understanding and discrimination of this disease.
Cluster-randomized controlled trial of intermittent preventive treatment in infancy using sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (SP-IPTi): a pilot study in Nigeria
Authors: Adeleke Olumide Thomas , Oyenuga Abayomi , Slusher Tina M , Gbadero Daniel A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Malaria kills a child in sub-Saharan Africa every 2 min despite widely available interventions including intermittent preventive treatment in infants (IPTi). Since 2010, when World Health Organization (WHO) recommended IPTi, no country has implemented it. To our knowledge, no IPTi study has been conducted in Nigeria. Considering severity of malaria in infancy and urgency to improve malaria prevention, we proposed a study to investigate the efficacy of this intervention in reducing malarial morbidity and mortality.

Objective(s)
The aim of this was to determine the safety and efficacy of SP-IPTi in reducing the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria parasitemia and malarial-associated hospital admissions.

Methods
We performed a cluster-randomized controlled trial in 1379 infants. SP was administered alongside routine vaccinations in immunization centers randomized to intervention groups. Infants in control groups received only routine vaccines. Malarial ‘morbidity and adverse events were monitored through passive case-detection and cross-sectional surveys’.

Results
SP-IPTi was safe. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of risks of asymptomatic parasitemia at 9 months, fever or hospitalization between our control and intervention groups.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that SP-IPTi had no benefit but was well tolerated. WHO and some researchers have also reported declining efficacy of SP, due to increasing drug resistance.
PL-3: RECENT PROGRESS IN IPS CELL RESEARCH AND APPLICATION
Authors: Yamanaka Shinya 
Published: January 2023

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can proliferate almost indefinitely and differentiate into multiple lineages, giving them wide medical applications. As a result, they are being used for new cell-based therapies, disease models, and drug development around the world.
In our basic research, we are focusing on the mechanisms of protein translational regulation in the proliferation and differentiation of iPSCs. We have previously reported that the translation regulator NAT1 is essential for the self-renewal and neuronal differentiation potential of hiPSCs, which is a “Bench to Bedside” activity for the medical application of iPSCs.
As translational research, we are proceeding with an iPSC stock project in which clinical-grade iPSC clones are being established from healthy donors with homologous HLA haplotypes to lower the risk of transplant rejection. We started distributing the iPSC stock to domestic and overseas institutions, and related clinical studies have begun for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Parkinson's disease, corneal epithelial stem cell deficiency, and other diseases, giving expectation that iPSC-based regenerative medicine will be widely used in the future. However, donors with HLA homozygous are rare. Genome editing technology could be used to reduce the transplant-rejection risk. Indeed, we reported HLA gene-edited iPSCs that could expand the range of patients who benefit from iPSC therapies faster than the homologous HLA haplotype strategy. This technology also has the potential to prevent or treat genetic diseases and gives great hope to patients.
Other applications of iPSCs are drug screening, toxicity studies, and disease modeling. In 2017, a new drug screening system using iPS cells for fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) was reported, revealing one drug candidate, Rapamycin, which is now undergoing a clinical trial to treat FOP patients. Additionally, Bosutinib, a drug for leukemia was revealed to be efficacious for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using a disease-specific iPSC model. Accordingly, we initiated a Phase 1 clinical trial of Bosutinib to treat ALS at Kyoto University Hospital and other centers in 2019 and began Phase 2 clinical trials in April 2022. Furthermore, we initiated a Phase I clinical trial of Bromocriptine to treat Alzheimer's disease at Kyoto University Hospital in June 2020. Thus, drug repurposing using iPS cells is progressing at an accelerated pace.
Over the past decade, iPSC research has made great progress, moving toward innovative therapeutics for people with intractable diseases by the application of new findings from basic science and reverse translation from clinics.
S-04-1: CURRENT EVIDENCE AND ISSUES ON AOBP FROM JAPAN
Authors: Asayama Kei 
Published: January 2023

The potential ability of unattended office blood pressure (AOBP) has been acknowledged worldwide, including Japan, although much resource consumption makes it less feasible to use AOBP in clinical practice. We reported that the three consecutive AOBP measurement values in each patient were almost identical, with high correlations (r ≥ 0.90), and the AOBP and conventional attended office blood pressure were moderate to highly correlated. We therefore interpret that AOBP can be an alternative that is more stable than the conventional attended blood pressure value despite with the average shifted to some extent, e.g., 10.4/4.2 mmHg based on the same study. In contrast, there is a fundamental discrepancy between the similarity in average values and the poor agreement in individuals when we compare AOBP versus self-measured home blood pressure, as the systolic blood pressure difference was 0.9 mmHg with a 95% agreement limit was -34.0 to + 35.8 mmHg. The vast wide range of difference indicates that we cannot estimate home as well as ambulatory blood pressure values by AOBP measurements in each patient, and vice versa.
AOBP has another advantage regarding the elimination of white-coat effect by the presence of medical staff. Nevertheless, because AOBP measurement is performed at a clinic or in a screening setting where participants cannot be relaxed like at their own home, such a clinic effect still affects AOBP readings. In this session, the current evidence on AOBP based on our Japanese studies and others will be summarized and issues which remain to be investigated for the assessment of a variety of blood pressure conditions, unattended and attended office, and out-of-office blood pressures will be discussed.
S-14-5: JSH GUIDELINE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION 2019 (JSH2019) ∼ CONCEPT AND SUBSEQUENT CHALLENGES ∼
Authors: Hirawa Nobuhito 
Published: January 2023

Hypertension Treatment Guidelines 2019 (JSH2019) is based on JSH2014 and complies with Minds’ clinical practice guideline creation manual, and adopts a policy of adding new evidence. For this reason, we have newly ‘ extracted clinical issues, raised them as clinical questions (CQ), conducted a comprehensive systematic review (SR), created a body of evidence, and made recommendations.’. Since conducting SR appropriately requires a huge amount of labor, we decided to form an SR team centered on young members of the Society and proceed with the work while receiving guidance from a support team of epidemiological experts. In particular, we hope that SR will lead to the development of young people who will lead the future, and we also aimed to submit the results of SR to Hypertens Res. In the end, we were able to create 17 CQs. Furthermore, in JSH2019, we calculated the absolute risk of CVD in Japanese people based on the JALS and Hisayama-town studies, and used it for risk stratification. Hypertension was defined as a blood pressure value of 140/90 mmHg or higher for which the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs has been proven in patients who are not at high risk. Evidence was also emphasized for blood pressure reduction goals. To the low-risk and the moderate-risk patients with elevated blood pressure, we recommended to achieve the target blood pressure control by modifying lifestyle habits without using antihypertensive drugs. We also asked patient groups to review the guidelines, aiming to reflect the values and wishes of patients.
As we approach the third year since the publication of JSH2019, we would like to consider the remaining issues. There are still many patients whose blood pressure is not properly controlled, and many of whom are not aware that they have hypertension. Improvements in blood pressure control among the population are desired through countermeasures against clinical inertia and population tactics. This guideline was created with the aim of preventing CVD and improving patient prognosis, as described above. However, in a super-aging society, patients’ hopes are not necessarily to improve only the prognosis of life. There are many issues that need to be addressed in future guideline revisions, such as reconsidering recommendations for the elderly by appropriately understanding the ‘values and wishes of patients’ according to their age.
S-15-3: COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF A FULL SCOPE OF PHARMACIST CARE FOR HYPERTENSION IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Schutte Aletta E , Schlaich Markus P , Johnston Karissa , Marra Carlo A , Tsuyuki Ross T 
Published: January 2023

Hypertension is the single most important cause of premature morbidity and mortality in the world. Over half of all heart disease and stroke are attributable to hypertension, which is associated with approximately 10% of direct medical costs globally. Clinical trial evidence has conclusively demonstrated that pharmacist care, including patient education, consultation, and/or prescribing, significantly reduces blood pressure, including a Canadian randomised trial, RxACTION, which demonstrated an 18.3 mmHg reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) with pharmacist prescribing and care.

Objective:
To evaluate the economic impact of pharmacist management of hypertension in an Australian setting.

Methods:
A Markov cost effectiveness model was developed to extrapolate potential differences in long-term cardiovascular and renal disease outcomes, using Framingham risk equations and other published risk equations. We assumed an absolute reduction of systolic blood pressure of 18.3 mmHg (from the RxACTION trial). The model incorporated health outcomes, costs, and quality of life to estimate an overall incremental cost effectiveness ratio. Costs considered included direct medical costs as well as the costs associated with implementing the pharmacist intervention strategy.

Results:
For a SBP reduction of 18.3 mmHg, the estimated impact is 0.22 fewer cardiovascular events per person, and, discounted at 5% per year: 0.2 additional life years, 0.3 additional quality-adjusted life years, and $AU 5,348 cost savings over a lifetime per person. As such, pharmacist care in hypertension is economically dominant, i.e., both more effective and cost saving compared to usual care. At the population level, it has been reported that 34% of Australian adults have hypertension, of whom 68% are not optimally controlled. If 50% of poorly controlled hypertensives could access a full scope of pharmacist care, it is estimated that this would result in 2.1 million life years saved, and a cost saving of $AU 31.1 billion over a 30-year time horizon.
Across a range of one way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses of key parameters and assumptions, pharmacist intervention remained both effective and cost saving, indicating robustness of the model.

Conclusion:
Pharmacist care, including prescribing, when added to usual care by general practitioners, would lead to better BP outcomes and a net cost saving of over $AU 30 billion. If implemented, this would have important public health implications.