bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of anti-inflammatory therapies on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Li Dandan , Zhong Jiaxin , Zhang Qirui , Zhang Jingjing 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe overall evidence base of anti-inflammatory therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been systematically evaluated. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of anti-inflammatory therapies on glycemic control in patients with T2DM.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched up to 21 September 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with anti-inflammatory therapies targeting the proinflammatory cytokines, cytokine receptors, and inflammation-associated nuclear transcription factors in the pathogenic processes of diabetes, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-1β receptor (IL-1βR), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). We synthesized data using mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity between studies was assessed by I2 tests. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were also conducted.ResultsWe included 16 RCTs comprising 3729 subjects in the meta-analyses. Anti-inflammatory therapies can significantly reduce the level of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (MD = - 10.04; 95% CI: -17.69, - 2.40; P = 0.01), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (MD = - 0.37; 95% CI: - 0.51, - 0.23; P &lt; 0.00001), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (MD = - 1.05; 95% CI: - 1.50, - 0.60; P &lt; 0.00001) compared with control, and therapies targeting IL-1β in combination with TNF-α have better effects on T2DM than targeting IL-1β or TNF-α alone. Subgroup analyses suggested that patients with short duration of T2DM may benefit more from anti-inflammatory therapies.ConclusionOur meta-analyses indicate that anti-inflammatory therapies targeting the pathogenic processes of diabetes can significantly reduce the level of FPG, HbA1c, and CRP in patients with T2DM.
Molecular mechanisms governing the progression of nephritis in lupus prone mice and human lupus patients
Authors: Daamen Andrea R. , Wang Hongyang , Bachali Prathyusha , Shen Nan , Kingsmore Kathryn M. , Robl Robert D. , Grammer Amrie C. , Fu Shu Man , Lipsky Peter E. 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionPathologic inflammation is a major driver of kidney damage in lupus nephritis (LN), but the immune mechanisms of disease progression and risk factors for end organ damage are poorly understood.MethodsTo characterize molecular profiles through the development of LN, we carried out gene expression analysis of microdissected kidneys from lupus-prone NZM2328 mice. We examined male mice and the congenic NZM2328.R27 strain as a means to define mechanisms associated with resistance to chronic nephritis. Gene expression profiles in lupus mice were compared with those in human LN.ResultsNZM2328 mice exhibited progress from acute to transitional and then to chronic glomerulonephritis (GN). Each stage manifested a unique molecular profile. Neither male mice nor R27 mice progressed past the acute GN stage, with the former exhibiting minimal immune infiltration and the latter enrichment of immunoregulatory gene signatures in conjunction with robust kidney tubule cell profiles indicative of resistance to cellular damage. The gene expression profiles of human LN were similar to those noted in the NZM2328 mouse suggesting comparable stages of LN progression.ConclusionsOverall, this work provides a comprehensive examination of the immune processes involved in progression of murine LN and thus contributes to our understanding of the risk factors for end-stage renal disease. In addition, this work presents a foundation for improved classification of LN and illustrates the applicability of murine models to identify the stages of human disease.
Development and validation of a prognostic model based on immune variables to early predict severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection
Authors: Lu Tianyu , Man Qiuhong , Yu Xueying , Xia Shuai , Lu Lu , Jiang Shibo , Xiong Lize 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant has prevailed globally since November 2021. The extremely high transmissibility and occult manifestations were notable, but the severity and mortality associated with the Omicron variant and subvariants cannot be ignored, especially for immunocompromised populations. However, no prognostic model for specially predicting the severity of the Omicron variant infection is available yet. In this study, we aim to develop and validate a prognostic model based on immune variables to early recognize potentially severe cases of Omicron variant-infected patients.MethodsThis was a single-center prognostic study involving patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection. Eligible patients were randomly divided into the training and validation cohorts. Variables were collected immediately after admission. Candidate variables were selected by three variable-selecting methods and were used to construct Cox regression as the prognostic model. Discrimination, calibration, and net benefit of the model were evaluated in both training and validation cohorts.ResultsSix hundred eighty-nine of the involved 2,645 patients were eligible, consisting of 630 non-ICU cases and 59 ICU cases. Six predictors were finally selected to establish the prognostic model: age, neutrophils, lymphocytes, procalcitonin, IL-2, and IL-10. For discrimination, concordance indexes in the training and validation cohorts were 0.822 (95% CI: 0.748-0.896) and 0.853 (95% CI: 0.769-0.942). For calibration, predicted probabilities and observed proportions displayed high agreements. In the 21-day decision curve analysis, the threshold probability ranges with positive net benefit were 0~1 and nearly 0~0.75 in the training and validation cohorts, correspondingly.ConclusionsThis model had satisfactory high discrimination, calibration, and net benefit. It can be used to early recognize potentially severe cases of Omicron variant-infected patients so that they can be treated timely and rationally to reduce the severity and mortality of Omicron variant infection.
Limited genetic variations of the Rh5-CyRPA-Ripr invasion complex in Plasmodium falciparum parasite population in selected malaria-endemic regions, Kenya
Authors: Waweru Harrison , Kanoi Bernard N. , Kuja Josiah O. , Maranga Mary , Kongere James , Maina Michael , Kinyua Johnson , Gitaka Jesse 
Published: March 2023

The invasion of human erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum merozoites requires interaction between parasite ligands and host receptors. Interaction of PfRh5-CyRPA-Ripr protein complex with basigin, an erythrocyte surface receptor, via PfRh5 is essential for erythrocyte invasion. Antibodies raised against each antigen component of the complex have demonstrated erythrocyte invasion inhibition, making these proteins potential blood-stage vaccine candidates. Genetic polymorphisms present a significant challenge in developing efficacious vaccines, leading to variant-specific immune responses. This study investigated the genetic variations of the PfRh5 complex proteins in P. falciparum isolates from Lake Victoria islands, Western Kenya. Here, twenty-nine microscopically confirmed P. falciparum field samples collected from islands in Lake Victoria between July 2014 and July 2016 were genotyped by whole genome sequencing, and results compared to sequences mined from the GenBank database, from a study conducted in Kilifi, as well as other sequences from the MalariaGEN repository. We analyzed the frequency of polymorphisms in the PfRh5 protein complex proteins, PfRh5, PfCyRPA, PfRipr, and PfP113, and their location mapped on the 3D protein complex structure. We identified a total of 58 variants in the PfRh5 protein complex. PfRh5 protein was the most polymorphic with 30 SNPs, while PfCyRPA was relatively conserved with 3 SNPs. The minor allele frequency of the SNPs ranged between 1.9% and 21.2%. Ten high-frequency alleles (&gt;5%) were observed in PfRh5 at codons 147, 148, 277, 410, and 429 and in PfRipr at codons 190, 255, 259, and 1003. A SNP was located in protein-protein interaction region C203Y and F292V of PfRh5 and PfCyRPA, respectively. Put together, this study revealed low polymorphisms in the PfRh5 invasion complex in the Lake Victoria parasite population. However, the two mutations identified on the protein interaction regions prompts for investigation on their impacts on parasite invasion process to support the consideration of PfRh5 components as potential malaria vaccine candidates.
Comparison of the effects of spinal anesthesia, paracervical block and general anesthesia on pain, nausea and vomiting, and analgesic requirements in diagnostic hysteroscopy: A non-randomized clinical trial
Authors: Manouchehrian Nahid , Pilehvari Shamim , Rahimi-Bashar Farshid , Esna-Ashari Farzaneh , Mohammadi Shaghayegh 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare the effect of spinal anesthesia (SPA), paracervical block (PB), and general anesthesia (GA), on pain, the frequency of nausea and vomiting and analgesic requirements in diagnostic hysteroscopy.MethodsThis single-center, non-randomized, parallel-group, clinical trial was conducted on 66 diagnostic hysteroscopy candidates who were selected by convenience sampling at Fatemieh Hospital, in Hamadan, Iran, in 2021.ResultsThe mean pain score during recovery and the need for analgesic injections was found to be significantly higher in the GA group compared to that in the SPA group (pain: 3.77 ± 2.25 vs. 0.10 ± 0.30, P &lt; 0.001), (analgesic: 50 vs. 0%, P &lt; 0.001) and PB group (pain: 3.77 ± 2.25 vs. 0.90 ± 1.37, P &lt; 0.001), (analgesic 50 vs. 10%, P &lt; 0.001), respectively. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the mean pain score between SPA and PB groups (0.10 ± 0.30 vs. 0.90 ± 1.3, P = 0.661). In addition, there were no significant differences between groups on nausea/vomiting after operation (P = 0.382). In adjusted regression analysis (adjusting for age, weight, gravid, abortion, and cause of hysteroscopy), the odds ratio (OR) of pain score during recovery was increased in PB (OR: 4.471, 95% CI: 1.527–6.156, P = 0.018) and GA (OR: 8.406, 95% CI: 2.421–9.195, P = 0.001) groups compared with the SPA group. However, in adjusting based on times of surgery duration, anesthesia duration, recovery and return of motor function, the ORs of pain score between groups was not statistically significant.ConclusionDespite reduced pain during recovery in patients receiving SPA, duration of anesthesia, recovery period, and return of motor function were significantly prolonged compared to those receiving PB or GA. It seems that PB with less recovery time and faster return of motor function than SPA and also mild pain during recovery compared to GA can be a good option for hysteroscopy.Clinical trial registrationhttp://www.irct.ir, identifier IRCT20120915010841N26.
Progesterone, cerclage, pessary, or acetylsalicylic acid for prevention of preterm birth in singleton and multifetal pregnancies – A systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Wennerholm Ulla-Britt , Bergman Lina , Kuusela Pihla , Ljungström Elin , Möller Anna C. , Hongslo Vala Cecilie , Ekelund Ann-Catrin , Liljegren Ann , Petzold Max , Sjögren Petteri , Svensson Mikael , Strandell Annika , Jacobsson Bo 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundPreterm birth is the leading cause of childhood mortality and morbidity. We aimed to provide a comprehensive systematic review on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on progesterone, cerclage, pessary, and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) to prevent preterm birth in asymptomatic women with singleton pregnancies defined as risk of preterm birth and multifetal pregnancies.MethodsSix databases (including PubMed, Embase, Medline, the Cochrane Library) were searched up to February 2022. RCTs published in English or Scandinavian languages were included through a consensus process. Abstracts and duplicates were excluded. The trials were critically appraised by pairs of reviewers. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used for risk of bias assessment. Predefined outcomes including preterm birth, perinatal/neonatal/maternal mortality and morbidity, were pooled in meta-analyses using RevMan 5.4, stratified for high and low risk of bias trials. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. The systematic review followed the PRISMA guideline.ResultsThe search identified 2,309 articles, of which 87 were included in the assessment: 71 original RCTs and 16 secondary publications with 23,886 women and 32,893 offspring. Conclusions were based solely on trials with low risk of bias (n = 50). Singleton pregnancies: Progesterone compared with placebo, reduced the risk of preterm birth &lt;37 weeks 26.7% vs. 30.3% [risk ratio (RR) 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71–0.96)] (high certainty of evidence, 13 trials) thereby reducing neonatal mortality and respiratory distress syndrome. Cerclage probably reduced the risk of preterm birth &lt;37 gestational weeks: 29.0% vs. 37.6% (RR 0.78 [95% CI 0.69 to 0.88]) (moderate certainty of evidence, four open trials). In addition, perinatal mortality may be reduced by cerclage. Pessary did not demonstrate any overall effect. ASA did not affect any outcome, but evidence was based on one underpowered study. Multifetal pregnancies: The effect of progesterone, cerclage, or pessary was minimal, if any. No study supported improved long-term outcome of the children.ConclusionProgesterone and probably also cerclage have a protective effect against preterm birth in asymptomatic women with a singleton pregnancy at risk of preterm birth. Further trials of ASA are needed. Prevention of preterm birth requires screening programs to identify women at risk of preterm birth.Systematic Review Registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42021234946].
The effects of melatonin in the treatment of acute brachial plexus compression injury in rats
Authors: Li Xigong , Fu Jing , Zhou Haiying , Dong Yanzhao , Alhaskawi Ahmad , Wang Zewei , Lai Jingtian , Yao Chengjun , Ezzi Sohaib Hasan Abdullah , Kota Vishnu Goutham , Abdulla Mohamed Hasan Abdulla Hasan , Guan Ming , Lou Xianfeng , Lu Hui 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionBrachial plexus injury (BPI) is one of the most destructive peripheral nerve injuries and there is still a lack of effective treatment.MethodsThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of melatonin in the treatment of acute brachial plexus compression injury in rats using histopathological, histomorphometric, immunohistochemical and electrophysiological methods. Forty-eight adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into three groups: sham, melatonin and vehicle groups. The brachial plexus compression injury model was performed by a vascular clamp. Melatonin group received intraperitoneal injection of melatonin at doses of 10 mg/kg for 21 days after crush injury. The conduction velocity and amplitude of compound muscle action potential (CAMP) in the regenerated nerve, and nerve histomorphometry, as well as levels of myelin protein zero (P0) protein of the crush region were assessed.ResultsCompared with the vehicle group, the melatonin group which reported significant increased CMAP conduction velocity and amplitude also showed thicker myelin sheath and lower levels of P0 protein.DiscussionOur results suggest that melatonin effectively promotes nerve regeneration and improves the function of damaged nerves. Melatonin treatment is a promising strategy for the treatment of acute brachial plexus compression injury.
Self-reported ongoing adherence to diet is associated with lower depression, fatigue, and disability, in people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Yu Maggie , Jelinek George , Simpson-Yap Steve , Neate Sandra , Nag Nupur 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionIncreasingly, dietary improvements have been shown to have positive associations with health outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). However, adhering to a MS-specific or high-quality diet may be a challenge. We therefore assessed the level of diet-adherence necessary to improve health outcomes of depression, fatigue, and disability.MethodsData from an international population of pwMS followed over 7.5 years (n = 671) were analyzed. Self-reported diet quality via diet habits questionnaire (DHQ), and adherence to six MS-diets [Ashton Embry Best Bet, McDougall, Overcoming MS (OMS), Paleolithic (Paleo), Swank, and Wahls] were queried at two timepoints. Four levels of diet adherence were assessed: non-adherence at either timepoint; ceased at second timepoint; commenced at second timepoint; and ongoing at both timepoints. Associations between adherence to OMS and high-quality diet (DHQ score &gt; median) with depression, fatigue, and disability, were assessed by log-binomial regression models adjusted for confounders.ResultsForty-two percent of pwMS reported ongoing-adherence to a MS-diet at both timepoints, OMS (33%), Swank (4%), Wahls (1.5%), other (&lt;1%). Of these, only OMS-diet adherence was analyzed for associations due to data availability. Ongoing-adherence to the OMS-diet or a high-quality diet, was associated with lower depression compared to non-adherence [OMS: Risk ratios (RR) = 0.80, p = 0.021; DHQ: RR = 0.78, p = 0.009] and ceased-adherence (OMS: RR = 0.70, p = 0.008; DHQ: RR = 0.70, p = 0.010), respectively. Ongoing-adherence to OMS-diet was associated with lower fatigue (RR = 0.71, p = 0.031) and lower severe disability (RR = 0.43, p = 0.033) compared to ceased-adherence.ConclusionResults suggest potential benefits of adherence to the OMS- or a high-quality diet on MS health outcomes, with ongoing-adherence likely best. Diet modification and maintenance may serve as a point of intervention to manage MS symptoms, especially depression, in pwMS.
Epidemiology and risk stratification of low-grade gliomas in the United States, 2004-2019: A competing-risk regression model for survival analysis
Authors: Cao Junguo , Yan Weijia , Zhan Zhixin , Hong Xinyu , Yan Hong 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundUnderstanding the epidemiology and prognostic factors of low-grade gliomas (LGGs) can help estimate the public health impact and optimize risk stratification and treatment strategies.Methods3 337 patients diagnosed with LGGs were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) dataset, 2004–2019. The incidence trends of LGGs were analyzed by patient demographics (sex, age, race, and ethnicity). In addition, a competing risk regression model was used to explore the prognostic factors of LGGs by patient demographics, tumor characteristics (histological subtypes, invasiveness, and size), treatment modality, and molecular markers (IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion).ResultsLGGs occurred more frequently in male, non-Hispanic, and White populations. The incidence rate of mixed gliomas was stable from 2004 to 2013 and decreased dramatically to nearly zero until 2019. The risk of death increased 1.99 times for every 20-year increase in patient age, and 60 years is a predictive cut-off age for risk stratification of LGGs. Male patients showed poorer LGG-specific survival. Among the different subtypes, astrocytoma has the worst prognosis, followed by mixed glioma and oligodendroglioma. Tumors with larger size (≥5 cm) and invasive behavior tended to have poorer survival. Patients who underwent gross total resection had better survival rates than those who underwent subtotal resection. Among the different treatment modalities, surgery alone had the best survival, followed by surgery + radiotherapy + chemotherapy, but chemotherapy alone had a higher death risk than no treatment. Furthermore, age, invasiveness, and molecular markers were the most robust prognostic factors.ConclusionThis study reviewed the incidence trends and identified several prognostic factors that help clinicians identify high-risk patients and determine the need for postoperative treatment according to guidelines.
A Bayesian network analysis of psychosocial risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation
Authors: Delgadillo Jaime , Budimir Sanja , Barkham Michael , Humer Elke , Pieh Christoph , Probst Thomas 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate and model the interactions between a range of risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation using general population data collected during the critical phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsBayesian network analyses were applied to cross-sectional data collected 1 month after the COVID-19 lockdown measures were implemented in Austria and the United Kingdom. In nationally representative samples (n = 1,005 Austria; n = 1,006 UK), sociodemographic features and a multi-domain battery of health, wellbeing and quality of life (QOL) measures were completed. Predictive accuracy was examined using the area under the curve (AUC) within-sample (country) and out-of-sample.ResultsThe AUC of the Bayesian network models were ≥ 0.84 within-sample and ≥0.79 out-of-sample, explaining close to 50% of variability in suicidal ideation. In total, 15 interrelated risk and protective factors were identified. Seven of these factors were replicated in both countries: depressive symptoms, loneliness, anxiety symptoms, self-efficacy, resilience, QOL physical health, and QOL living environment.ConclusionsBayesian network models had high predictive accuracy. Several psychosocial risk and protective factors have complex interrelationships that influence suicidal ideation. It is possible to predict suicidal risk with high accuracy using this information.
Development of functional yogurt by using freeze-drying on soybean and mung bean peel powders
Authors: Saleem Muhammad , Tahir Aleena , Ahmed Munir , Khan Ahmal , Burak Leonid Cheslavovich , Hussain Shahid , Song Li 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionPlant-based yogurt has earned much interest in current times due to the rising demand for milk substitutes, which is tied to ethical and health needs.MethodsFreeze-drying impact on soybean peel powder (SPP) and mung bean peel powder (MPP) and their use in creating functional yogurt at various concentrations was checked. In functional yogurt, total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity and chemical profile are checked.ResultsThe maximum concentration of TPC was 4.65±0.05 (mg GAE/g), TFC was 1.74±0.05 (CE mg/g) and 82.99 ± 0.02 % antioxidant activity was calculated in sample T6, having the highest concentration of SPP, which was substantially more significant than the treatment samples containing MPP. Sensory attributes of the yogurt samples were analyzed, which indicated a decrease when SPP and MPP values increased when introduced at 3 or 6 % of an optimum level. There was no notable loss of the sensory profile compared to the control group. The results were found to be significant at p &lt; 0.05. The freeze-dried SPP had the complete chemical composition compared to MPP except for ash and fiber content.DiscussionThe physicochemical profile of the treatments of functional yogurt had a linear proportional connection in the percentage of both powders in the meantime. When both the dry level of powders increased, the protein and fat levels decreased. In the food industry, the freeze-dried soybean peel and the peel of mung bean can be utilized in functional yogurt as a source of bioactive components.