bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Panorama nacional dos métodos de ensino das escolas médicas: uma avaliação dos métodos de ensino formalmente adotados pelas instituições brasileiras
Authors: Lopes de Lima Lorrany Junia , Nunes Andrade Wellen Zane , Vasconcelos Palácio Maria Augusta , Takenami Iukary , Quintanilha Luiz Fernando 
Published: July 2023

Nas últimas décadas, as Instituições de Ensino Superior têm se empenhado em adequar o ensino médico aos novos paradigmas educacionais, integrando novas ferramentas e métodos ativos ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os métodos de ensino, formalmente adotados no processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos cursos de Medicina no país. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório com abordagem quantitativa e analítica. Os dados foram obtidos mediante consulta ao portal das Escolas Médicas do Brasil, Projeto Pedagógico de Curso e website institucional. Das 258 escolas analisadas, 200 (77,5%) adotaram como método central de ensino as metodologias ativas de aprendizagem. As regiões Norte (94,7%) e Nordeste (83,6%) foram as que concentraram a maior quantidade de instituições que incorporaram, formalmente, metodologias que privilegiem a participação ativa em comparação ao método tradicional de ensino. Ademais, os métodos ativos foram observados em maior frequência em instituições privadas (80,8%) e em municípios de pequeno/médio porte (82,6%), demonstrando um movimento crescente dos cursos em se adequar aos métodos ativos de ensino. As escolas médicas mais recentes, criadas a partir de 2013, foram as que apresentaram os maiores índices de métodos ativos comparado ao tradicional (94,1% versus 75%, p=0,014). Apesar dos avanços, a inclusão dos métodos ativos nos currículos médicos ainda é um grande desafio, pois a integração de metodologias ativas de aprendizagem requer coerência com a proposta pedagógica do curso, avaliação, planejamento e engajamento dos múltiplos sujeitos sociais que participam deste processo pedagógico.
Repercussões do distanciamento social nas rotinas e ocupações infantis durante a pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Betti Ana Claudia Moron , Folha Débora Ribeiro da Silva Campos , Della Barba Patrícia Carla de Souza 
Published: July 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir acerca das repercussões do distanciamento social nas rotinas e ocupações de crianças durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Trata-se de ensaio reflexivo, estruturado a partir de uma revisão narrativa, sendo pesquisados estudos sobre a influência da pandemia nas rotinas e ocupações infantis e identificado os objetivos, métodos e principais resultados de cada documento. Os dados, submetidos à análise de conteúdo, resultaram nas categorias: Distanciamento social e vulnerabilidades; Saúde mental e influências no engajamento em ocupações; Engajamento em ocupações relacionadas à alimentação; Engajamento em ocupações escolares e de aprendizagem e Influências da tecnologia no engajamento em ocupações. Sob a perspectiva ocupacional, as experiências no distanciamento social revelam situações complexas possíveis de desencadear privação ocupacional, prejudicando a saúde e bem-estar de crianças e famílias. Todavia, podem oportunizar a revisão de formas, propósitos e significados além do engajamento em ocupações que recebiam menos tempo e investimento pessoal.Palavras-chave: Infecções por Coronavirus; Isolamento social; Criança; Desenvolvimento Infantil; Terapia Ocupacional.
Aptidão física e saúde no primeiro currículo da Educação Física do Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Garcia Alessandro Barreta , Monteiro Rui Anderson Costa , Andrade Erinaldo Luiz De , Figueira Junior Aylton 
Published: July 2023

Educação Física e saúde na educação brasileira tem sua gênese no período imperial. Todavia, a estrutura curricular sistematizada em cada Unidade da Federação é recente. Nesse sentido, nosso objeto de pesquisa é o currículo de Educação Física do Estado de São Paulo iniciado nos anos de 1970, o que nos permite lançar os seguintes questionamentos: Como se apresenta a educação em saúde no primeiro currículos de EFE do Estado de São Paulo? O que é possível extrair do primeiro currículo de EFE do Estado de São Paulo no que se refere à educação em saúde? E qual relevância estes conteúdos ainda podem ter na atualidade? Os objetivos da pesquisa foram; i) Analisar os documentos oficiais que compõem o primeiro currículo do governo estadual de São Paulo a fim de entender de que modo o tema saúde estava inserido nestes documentos e, ii) Compreender as possíveis contribuições destas fontes no planejamento das aulas de Educação Física voltadas para a saúde na atualidade. Na metodologia utilizamos o modelo documental que nos permite examinar diretamente o currículo oficial da época à luz dos itens de análise: concepção do currículo e conteúdos sobre saúde. Os resultados deste estudo permitem entender que um programa de educação em saúde na escola dentro da disciplina de Educação Física é recorrente, tradicional e, embora seja o primeiro, apresenta sólida fundamentação no sentido de informar e transmitir conhecimentos sobre saúde, o que viabilizou a orientação para o desenvolvimento dos modelos curriculares apresentados posteriormente.
Using Nepal to understand the Nexus of Climate Change and Land-Use
Authors: Bhandari Medani P. 
Published: July 2023

The nexus between land use and climate change is a critical aspect of sustainable development, and few places show this inter-relationship better than Nepal. This paper uses Nepal as an example to explore the interconnections between land use and climate change, highlighting the key challenges and opportunities.
Nepal, with its diverse topography and ecosystems, is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. The country’s unique land use patterns, including agriculture, forest cover, and urbanization, play a significant role in shaping its climate resilience and carbon balance. This paper highlights the complex relationship between land use and climate change in such an environment. Balancing land use practices, conserving forests, and biodiversity, and promoting sustainable agriculture are essential for achieving climate resilience and sustainable development. The paper shows that only by addressing the nexus between land use and climate change, can Nepal move towards a more sustainable and climate-resilient future.
Αlpha-thalassemia genotypes in Vietnam: a report of 12,030 pregnant women and their husbands performing prenatal screening for alpha-thalassemia
Authors: Cuong Tran Danh , Ngoc Nguyen Phuong , Anh Tran Van , Phuong Le Thi Minh , Linh Dang Anh , Anh Ngo Toan , Van Nguyen Thi Bich , Mai Dinh Thi Ngoc , Huy Do Duc , Trang Nguyen Thi 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND Αlpha (α)-thalassemia is a global health concern, and improving screening methods is crucial for disease prevention. This study aimed to assess α-thalassemia genotypes and evaluate the effectiveness of various thresholds for mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in prenatal screening for α-thalassemia.
METHODS This cross-sectional study included pregnant women and their husbands who underwent prenatal screening for thalassemia at the National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vietnam from January 2012 to August 2021. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using the strip assay technique, which can detect 21 common mutations in the α-globin gene and 22 common mutations in the beta-globin gene.
RESULTS Of the 12,030 participants, 931 were identified as having α-thalassemia, with --SEA, -α3.7, and -α4.2 being the most common mutations. When examining different thresholds of MCV and MCH, MCV <85 fL and MCH <28 pg had a lower missing rate than MCV <80 fL and MCH <27 pg, respectively. MCH <28 pg showed the highest sensitivity in screening for α-thalassemia. MCV <85 fL showed the lowest positive predictive value (PPV). The combination of MCV <80 fL and MCH <27 pg showed the lowest sensitivity in screening for α-thalassemia but the highest PPV among all thresholds.
CONCLUSIONS Optimizing the screening methods for α-thalassemia is important for preventing and managing the disease in the community. These findings have important implications for thalassemia prevention and management programs and may contribute to reducing the burden of thalassemia in the global population.
Defining destigmatizing design guidelines for use in sexual health-related digital technologies: A Delphi study
Authors: Abdulai Abdul-Fatawu , Howard A. Fuchsia , Yong Paul J. , Currie Leanne M. 
Published: July 2023

Objective
Stigma has been recognized as a significant issue in sexual health, yet no specific guidelines exist to support digital health development teams in creating stigma-alleviating sexual health digital platforms. The purpose of this study was to develop a set of design guidelines that would serve as a reference point for addressing stigma during the design of sexual health-related digital platforms.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a 3-round Delphi study among 14 researchers in stigma and sexual health. A preliminary list of 28 design guidelines was generated from a literature review. Participants appraised and critiqued the clarity and usefulness of the preliminary list and provided comments for each item and for the overall group of items at each round. At each round, a content validity index and an interquartile range were calculated to determine the level of consensus regarding the clarity and usefulness of each guideline. Items were retained if there was high consensus or were dropped if there was no consensus after the three rounds.

Results
Nineteen design guidelines achieved consensus. Most of them were content-related guidelines and sought to address the emotional concerns of patients that could potentially aggravate stigma. The findings also reflected modern stigma management strategies of making stigma a societal attribute by challenging, exposing, and normalizing stigma attributes via web platforms.

Conclusion
To address stigma via digital platforms, developers should not just concentrate on technical solutions but seriously consider content-related and emotional design components that are likely to result in stigma.
Evidence and clinical relevance of maternal-fetal cardiac coupling: A scoping review
Authors: Nichting Thomas J. , Bester Maretha , Joshi Rohan , Mischi Massimo , van der Ven Myrthe , van der Woude Daisy A. A. , Oei S. Guid , van Laar Judith O. E. H. , Vullings Rik 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundResearchers have long suspected a mutual interaction between maternal and fetal heart rhythms, referred to as maternal-fetal cardiac coupling (MFCC). While several studies have been published on this phenomenon, they vary in terms of methodologies, populations assessed, and definitions of coupling. Moreover, a clear discussion of the potential clinical implications is often lacking. Subsequently, we perform a scoping review to map the current state of the research in this field and, by doing so, form a foundation for future clinically oriented research on this topic.MethodsA literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. Filters were only set for language (English, Dutch, and German literature were included) and not for year of publication. After screening for the title and the abstract, a full-text evaluation of eligibility followed. All studies on MFCC were included which described coupling between heart rate measurements in both the mother and fetus, regardless of the coupling method used, gestational age, or the maternal or fetal health condition.Results23 studies remained after a systematic evaluation of 6,672 studies. Of these, 21 studies found at least occasional instances of MFCC. Methods used to capture MFCC are synchrograms and corresponding phase coherence indices, cross-correlation, joint symbolic dynamics, transfer entropy, bivariate phase rectified signal averaging, and deep coherence. Physiological pathways regulating MFCC are suggested to exist either via the autonomic nervous system or due to the vibroacoustic effect, though neither of these suggested pathways has been verified. The strength and direction of MFCC are found to change with gestational age and with the rate of maternal breathing, while also being further altered in fetuses with cardiac abnormalities and during labor.ConclusionFrom the synthesis of the available literature on MFCC presented in this scoping review, it seems evident that MFCC does indeed exist and may have clinical relevance in tracking fetal well-being and development during pregnancy.
Prioritization of livestock diseases by pastoralists in Oloitoktok Sub County, Kajiado County, Kenya
Authors: Mburu Caroline M. , Bukachi Salome , Majiwa Hamilton , Ongore Dismas , Baylis Matthew , Mochabo Kennedy , Fevre Eric , Howland Olivia 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
Livestock diseases are a big challenge for the livelihood of pastoralists in sub-Saharan Africa because they reduce livestock productivity and increase mortality. Based on the literature available there is limited understanding on how pastoralists prioritize these diseases in the context of their culture, ecosystems and livelihoods. A study was conducted to provide insights on lay prioritization of animal diseases by pastoralists in Kenya.

Methodology
A qualitative study was undertaken between March and July 2021. Thirty in-depth interviews and six focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with community members to explore community attitudes on livestock diseases prioritization. Male and female livestock keepers were purposively selected and interviewed and they were all long-term residents of the area. Fourteen key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted with professionals from different key sectors to provide detailed stakeholder perspectives on livestock diseases. The interviews were analyzed thematically using the QSR Nvivo software to identify the emerging themes related to the study objectives.

Results
The pastoralists prioritized livestock diseases based on effect on their economic wellbeing, cultural values and utilization of ecosystem services. There were gender variabilities in how diseases were prioritized among the pastoralists. Men cited high priority diseases as foot and mouth disease and contagious bovine pleuropneumonia due to their regular occurrence and effect on livelihood. Notably, women regarded coenuruses as very important because it affected sheep and goats with a high mortality rate and lumpy skin disease because it rendered the meat from the carcasses inedible. Malignant catarrhal fever and trypanosomiasis were noted as some of the common diseases in the livestock-wildlife interface but not cited as priority diseases. Challenges related to disease control in pastoralist contexts exist including limited access to livestock treatment services, inadequate information on disease impact and complex environmental factors.

Conclusion
This study sheds light on the body of knowledge in Kenya regarding livestock diseases and their prioritization by livestock keepers. This could aid in the development of a common disease control framework and prioritization at the local level which would take into consideration the dynamic socio-cultural, ecological, livelihood and economic contexts of the communities.
Knowledge and motivations of training in peer review: An international cross-sectional survey
Authors: Willis Jessie V. , Ramos Janina , Cobey Kelly D. , Ng Jeremy Y. , Khan Hassan , Albert Marc A. , Alayche Mohsen , Moher David 
Published: July 2023

Background
Despite having a crucial role in scholarly publishing, peer reviewers do not typically require any training. The purpose of this study was to conduct an international survey on the current perceptions and motivations of researchers regarding peer review training.

Methods
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted of biomedical researchers. A total of 2000 corresponding authors from 100 randomly selected medical journals were invited via email. Quantitative items were reported using frequencies and percentages or means and SE, as appropriate. A thematic content analysis was conducted for qualitative items in which two researchers independently assigned codes to the responses for each written-text question, and subsequently grouped the codes into themes. A descriptive definition of each category was then created and unique themes–as well as the number and frequency of codes within each theme–were reported.

Results
A total of 186 participants completed the survey of which 14 were excluded. The majority of participants indicated they were men (n = 97 of 170, 57.1%), independent researchers (n = 108 of 172, 62.8%), and primarily affiliated with an academic organization (n = 103 of 170, 62.8%). A total of 144 of 171 participants (84.2%) indicated they had never received formal training in peer review. Most participants (n = 128, 75.7%) agreed–of which 41 (32.0%) agreed strongly–that peer reviewers should receive formal training in peer review prior to acting as a peer reviewer. The most preferred training formats were online courses, online lectures, and online modules. Most respondents (n = 111 of 147, 75.5%) stated that difficulty finding and/or accessing training was a barrier to completing training in peer review.

Conclusion
Despite being desired, most biomedical researchers have not received formal training in peer review and indicated that training was difficult to access or not available.
Four modifiable factors that mediate the effect of educational time on major depressive disorder risk: A network Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wan Bangbei , Wu Yamei , Ma Ning , Zhou Zhi , Lu Weiying 
Published: July 2023

Background
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mental illness, which is a notable public health problem that aggravates the global economic burden. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between education and MDD risk and the contributions of effects mediated by four modifiable factors.

Materials and methods
Instrumental variables were screened from several large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) data (years of schooling with 766,345 participants, MDD with 59,851 cases and 113,154 controls, neuroticism with 329,821 individuals, smoking behavior with 195,068 cases and 164,638 controls, body mass index [BMI] with 336,107 individuals, and household income with 397,751 individuals). The data were used to evaluate the association of the four modifiable factors (neuroticism, smoking behavior, BMI, and household income) that mediate the effect of education on MDD risk via Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Results
Each standard deviation increase in years of schooling could reduce the risk for MDD by 30.70%. Higher neuroticism and BMI were associated with a higher risk of MDD. Non-smoking status and increased household income were protective factors for MDD. Notably, the mediator neuroticism, BMI, smoking behavior, and household income explained 52.92%, 15.54%, 31.86%, and 81.30% of the effect of years of schooling on MDD risk, respectively.

Conclusions
Longer years of schooling have a protective effect on MDD risk. Reasonable interventions to reduce neuroticism, BMI, smoking, and increasing household income are beneficial for MDD prevention. Our work provides new ideas for the development of prevention strategies for MDD.
Prognostic value of RGS1 and mTOR Immunohistochemical expression in Egyptian multiple myeloma patients; A single center study
Authors: Hafez Nora , Refaat Lobna , ElGebaly Omnia K. , Elhariry Hossam M. , Ghareeb Mohammed , Fathalla Lamiaa A. 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
Prognostic factors in plasma cell myeloma were proved to be related to signaling pathways and associated transcription factors. RGS1 and mTOR were known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression and the prognostic value of RGS1 and mTOR and their relation to clinical as well as other diagnostic criteria in multiple myeloma.

Patients and methods
The present study included 44 denovo Myeloma patients, recruited from the Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University. Detection of RGS1 and mTOR expression was performed using Immunohistochemical staining on bone marrow biopsy sections.

Results
The median age was 51 years with male to female ratio 1.58:1. There was a positive highly statistically significant correlation between RGS1 and mTOR among all studied cases (p value <0.001). Regarding their prognostic value, there was a highly statistically significant association of the expression levels of RGS1 and mTOR with treatment response (p <0.001). Finally, there was a significant influence of RGS1 and mTOR on overall survival probability (p value <0.001 and <0.002 respectively) with better survival for those having low expression.

Conclusion
RGS1 and mTOR were suggested as poor prognostic markers in MM patients, being associated with lower response rate and inferior OS. We recommend considering RGS1 and mTOR as one of the prognostic criteria in different risk stratification and staging classifications. Further trials for RGS1 and mTOR targeting in multiple myeloma are recommended.
Trichomonas vaginalis infection and risk of cervical neoplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fazlollahpour-Naghibi Andarz , Bagheri Kimia , Almukhtar Mustafa , Taha Seyed Reza , Zadeh Mahdieh Shariat , Moghadam Kimia Behzad , Tadi Mehrdad Jafari , Rouholamin Safoura , Razavi Maryam , Sepidarkish Mahdi , Rostami Ali 
Published: July 2023

Objectives
The evidence in the literature regarding the relationship between Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection and cervical neoplasia is conflicting. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of the risk of cervical neoplasia associated with TV infection.

Methods
A meta-analysis of observational studies, which provided raw data on the association of TV infection with cervical neoplasia, was performed. For this aim, we searched scientific databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, the Web of Sciences, and Embase) from inception to March 15, 2023. A random-effects model was applied by Stata 17.0 to calculate the pooled and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), including subgroup, sensitivity, and cumulative analyses to explore sources of heterogeneity.

Results
Of the 2584 records initially identified, 35 eligible studies contributed data for 67,856 women with cervical neoplasia, and 933,697 healthy controls from 14 countries were included. The pooled (2.15; 1.61–2.87; I2 = 87.7%) and adjusted (2.17; 1.82–2.60; I2 = 31.27%) ORs indicated a significant positive association between TV infection and the development of cervical neoplasia. There was no significant change in pooled and adjusted ORs by applying sensitivity and cumulative analyses, indicating the robustness of our findings. The pooled OR was significant in most sub-group analyses. There was no publication bias in the included studies.

Conclusion
Our findings indicated that women with a TV infection are at significantly greater risk of cervical neoplasia. Future research, particularly longitudinal and experimental studies, should be done to better understand the various aspects of this association.