bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Governance on Poverty and Unemployment Control before and After the Covid Outbreak in the United States
Authors: Ronaghi Marzieh , Scorsone Eric 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Covid-19 presents many social and economic challenges and exacerbates existing ones. One of these challenges is global poverty. Prior to the epidemic, poverty affected the rural population traditionally. Global poverty can spread to urban areas now with COVID-19 outbreak. Poverty increased in the United States in 2020 as the coronavirus outbreak, affecting the economy and rising unemployment. New figures confirm that the recession may have widened the gap between rich and poor, with those at the bottom of the economic ladder suffering the most, such as the rural population. In this study, we examine the relationship between Covid outbreak, governance and economic performance and its impact on number in poverty. To this end, data from the Center for American Progress is analyzed over 10 years (from 2011–2020) among the 49 states in America through spatial econometric techniques for panel data. The effect of each state's condition was examined on neighboring states. The results showed that the governance index (with a negative sign) and Income inequality variable (with a positive sign), have the greatest impact on poverty. The unemployment, Gender wage gap, Hunger and food insecurity, Health insurance, Population and Higher education also have an impact on poverty. The policy recommendations of this study are that because the variable of governance (accountability and responsibility of the government to compensate for the damage caused by the covid outbreak) is one of the most effective variables to control poverty.
JEL: I13, I18, I23, I28
Cosmic Time Calibrator for Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Tanaka Hiroyuki K.M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Time synchronization of the sensor nodes is a critical function for optimal operation of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Since clocks incorporated into each node tend to drift, recurrent corrections are required. Most of these correction schemes involve clients periodically receive RF timing signals from a time server. However, an RF-based scheme is prone to glitches or failure unless operating in a region with almost entirely unobstructed space; hence it only operates well in a limited range of environments. For example, GPS requires open-sky environments. Moreover, the precision of land-based RF schemes is limited to a few micro seconds. In this work, we report on a more versatile and new type of recurrent clock resynchronization scheme called cosmic time calibrator (CTC) and its development and testing. CTC utilizes cosmic-ray muon signals instead of RF signals. Muons are penetrative and continuously precipitating onto the Earth’s surface, and they tend to travel linearly through encountered matter at approximately a speed of light in a vacuum. Therefore, muons themselves can periodically transfer the precise timing information from node to node; hence, the performance of the inter-nodal communication devise such as Wi-Fi or Bluetooth is minimized/unnecessary for an online/offline WSN analysis. The experimental results have indicated that a resynchronization frequency and precision of 60 Hz and ±4.3 ns (S.D.) can be achieved. Modelling work of the WSN-based structural health monitoring of aerospace structures has shown that CTC can contribute to the development of new critical and useful applications of WSN in a wider range of environments.
Effect of Jeffrey Fluid Flow and First Order Chemical Reaction on Magneto Convection of Immiscible Fluids in a Perpendicular Passage
Authors: Sharan Ashwini , Kalyan Shreedevi , chamkha ali j 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this article describes the effects of transfer heat and mass on free convective flow of developed fully electrically conducting with electrically Non-conducting immiscible fluids towards a perpendicular parallel passage. The resulting nonlinear governing coupled equations describes the fluid behaviour for velocity and temperature distributions are analysed and by applying method regular perturbation the differential equations are analytically solved with appropriate boundary and interface conditions for each fluid. Furthermore, the jump conditions for velocity and temperature are implemented on the left and right walls in the magnetic field existence in a perpendicular passage. The solutions are revealed through graphs for major parameters like thermal Grashof number, mass Grashof number, ratio of viscosity, width and conductivity, pressure gradient, Jeffrey parameter and chemical reaction parameter.
An Ionic Thermoelectric Material with Long Operation Duration and High Energy Density
Authors: He Yongjie , Li Shaowei , Chen Rui , Liu Xu , Odunmbaku George , Fang Wei , Lin Xiaoxue , Ou Zeping , Gou Qianzhi , Wang Jiacheng , Ouedraogo Nabonswende , Li Jing , Li Meng , Li Chen , Zheng Yujie , Chen Shanshan , Zhou Yongli , Sun Kuan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Ionic thermoelectrics (i-TE) possesses great potential in powering distributed electronics because it can generate thermopower up to tens of millivolts per Kelvin. However, as ions cannot enter external circuit, the utilization of i-TE is currently based on capacitive charge/discharge, which results in discontinuous working mode and low energy density. Here, we introduce an ion-electron thermoelectric synergistic (IETS) effect by utilizing an ion-electron conductor. Electrons/holes can drift under the electric field generated by thermodiffusion of ions, thus converting the ionic current into electrical current that can pass through the external circuit. Due to the IETS effect, i-TE is able to operate continuously for over 3000 min. Moreover, our i-TE exhibits a thermopower of 32.7 mV K-1 and an energy density of 553.9 J m-2, which is more than 6.9 times the highest reported value. Consequently, direct powering of electronics is achieved with i-TE. This work provides a novel strategy for the design of high-performance i-TE materials.
First Record of Ganoderma multipileum Associated with Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook.) Raf. Die-back in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Trang Thi Thu , Nguyen Hoang Duc , Bui Anh Tu , Tran Linh Thuoc , Pham Khanh Huyen Thi , Van Kim Thuong Pham , Tran Manh Hung 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Ganoderma multipileum was initially discovered in Taiwan as a wood decay fungus on many host plants. However, the detailed taxonomy of this genus has suffered from a lack of in-depth investigation. In this study, the classification of these fungi was described based on their morphology, the phylogeny of three regions (ITS, RPB2, and TEF1 sequences), and the assessment of scanning electron microscope photographs of basidiospores. In addition, the similarities and differences in the characteristics of this mushroom in comparison to related species were analyzed and discussed from morphological and phylogenetic perspectives. The results indicate that G. multipileum was newly recorded in Vietnam, and its relation to ornamental plant die-back is noted.
Usage of Particle Swarm Optimization in Digital Images Selection for Monkeypox Virus Prediction and Diagnosis
Authors: Mandal Akshaya Kumar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Identifying skin diseases by using digital images of skin that are also automated, efficient, and accurate is essential for biomedical image analysis. Many researchers have developed numerous machine-learning techniques for the prediction and diagnosis of various diseases that help clinicians identify infections early and provide crucial data for virus management. In this work, we use the inherent attributes of PSO, such as exploration and exploitation, to identify images for monkeypox virus prediction and diagnosis. Alongside, monkeypox, chickenpox, smallpox, cowpox, measles, tomato flu, and normal skin images were all considered in this study for monkeypox virus prediction and diagnosis. We collect photos from the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) for analysis and experimentation purposes. Finally, we compare the proposed model PSOMPX for monkeypox virus identification with four distinct pre-trained deep learning models (e.g., VGG16 [29], ResNet50 [29], InceptionV3 [31], and Ensemble [30]), and the classifier hidden Markov model along with the GLCM-SVM is used in the diagnostic test to separate monkeypox skin lesions from other skin infections. The four performance evaluation metrics—accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score—evaluate the model and analyze the outcomes of experiments. Finally, the experimental results obtained through the PSOMPX model significantly outperformed other models due to its numerous traits, with a total accuracy of 90.01% (F1-Score: 85.87%) achieved.
Exploring the Potential of Serum Periostin as a Predictive biomarker for Early- Onset Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Follow-Up Study
Authors: Liu Mingtao , Cheng Zhangkai J. , Li Haiyang , Lin Runpei , Xue Mingshan , Li Yanjun , Wang Jiaxin , You Chenwei , Hu Haisheng , Guo Baojun , Huang Huimin , Sun Baoqing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: The diagnostic value of periostin and Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has been reported, but the superiority of serum periostin or KL-6 as a biomarker in early-onset IPF is yet to be determined.
Methods: A total of 51 IPF patients with anti-fibrotic therapy who underwent twice high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) fibrosis scoring evaluation and 27 healthy controls were retrospectively enrolled from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between January 2020 and May 2022. Serum levels of periostin and KL-6 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and clinical diagnosis test were evaluated in both cohorts.
Results:The levels of serum KL-6 levels in patients with initial diagnosis and with anti-fibrotic therapy decreased from 1680.71 ± 1842.60U/mL to 1263.25 ± 1488.19 U/mL (P<0.05), while serum periostin levels decreased from 73.92 ± 13.48pg/mL to 43.78 ± 15.52 pg/mL (P<0.001). In survival probability analysis, the combined performance of periostin-KL-6 was noteworthy compared with periostin and KL-6 alone (AUC: 0.894, 0.875, 0.639, respectively). Significant performances were observed between periostin levels and total fibrosis score < 100than KL-6 in the stage of early-onset IPF (r: 0.2266 > 0.1118), while KL-6 showed a better when total fibrosis score > 100, namely in the later stage of IPF (r: 0.2197 > 0.1050).
Conclusions: Our findings indicate that serum periostinexpression was more remarkable than KL-6 in the early-onset IPF diagnosis (Total fibrosis score < 100), and innovative HRCT fibrosis score stratification was a significant supplementation in UIP-IPF patients.
Durability of HIV viral suppression and associated factors among adults living with HIV initiated on antiretroviral therapy in Tanzania: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mtoro Mtoro J. , Sabasaba Amon , Hugho Ephrasia , Masika Lyidia , Ngocho James 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background: HIV infection remains a global public health issue. As of 2017, there were an estimated 36.9million people living with HIV (PLHIV) and 0.9 million deaths were reported due to HIV-related causes. The scale up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for PLHIV has decrease HIV incidence and averted significant number of deaths over the last decade. To accelerate the efforts in HIV control and end the HIV epidemic by 2030, the Joint United Nations programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) recommended the 95-95-95 targets. Viral suppression is the ultimate clinical biomarker for healthy outcomes and HIV transmission. Sustaining Viral Suppression is desirable in the prevention of HIV transmission and thus achieving the third ‘95’ target. Reports show PLHIV on ART has achieved viral suppression, but the durability of viral suppression is not known.This study aimed to determine the durability of viral suppression and its associated factors among adults living with HIV initiated on ART in Tanzania mainland between 2018 and 2019.
Methodology: We conducted a retrospective cohort study from routinely collected data among PLHIV attending care and treatment clinics in mainland Tanzania. Adults living with HIV who were initiated on ART from 2018 to 2019 were recruited and followed for two years. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics such as age, sex, HIV stages, and CD4 count were collected. A cleaned dataset was analyzed by using STATA version 15.0. Numerical and categorical variables were summarized using descriptive statistics. A multilevel mixed effects generalized linear model was used to account for health facility random effects to determine factors associated with durability of Viral suppression at <50 copies/ml.
Results: In total, 109,590 PLHIV were included in the study. The mean (±SD) age was 37.5 (± 11.6) years. Seventy-four thousand (68.3%) were females, of which 5,252 (7.0%) were pregnant. About half 50,274 (46.9%) had HIV WHO clinical stage I. The proportion of durable viral suppression was 84.2% (95% CI: 84.0-84.4). Factors associated with durability of viral suppression were female gender (aRR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.05-1.09), married or cohabiting (aRR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.02-1.04), HIV stage I (aRR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.06), those in multi months dispensing (aRR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.12-1.15), and being in lake zone (aRR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.05-1.13). Body mass index (BMI) and CD4 cell count were not significant.
Conclusion: Overall, durable suppression was high among PLHIV in Tanzania's mainland. The durable suppression was associated with Sex, marital status, and HIV stage I. Viral load should be monitored longitudinally to determine any treatment failure.
Effectiveness of peer-assisted teaching of medical English skills to nonnative English-speaking medical students
Authors: Shihabi Ahmad Al , Mardini Hiba , Alkhaledi Ahmad N. , Jarad Lana , Jaber Rama , Jaber Ramez , Naoura Sara , Izzat Mohammad Bashar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Peer-assisted learning has been shown to be constructive in numerous aspects of undergraduate medical education. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of peer-assisted teaching of medical English skills to nonnative English-speaking medical students.
Methods
A medical English conversation course was conducted by a group of medical students (i.e. peer-teachers), and targeted participants were intermediate level fellow students from the same program. A longitudinal study was carried out to assess changes in self-assessment of English language skills among course participants. Pre- and post-course appraisal involved a review of previous experience with medical English language, a self-assessment of five English language skills, and an objective measurement of medical English knowledge. In addition, participants were requested to respond to a set of statements related to the importance of medical English skills and the usefulness of peer-assisted teaching of medical English skills. Paired-sample Student t-test was used to compare pre- and post-course appraisal results.
Results
Forty-two students attended the course and completed pre- and post-course appraisals in full. Data analyses showed a statistically significant increase in participants’ confidence in speaking medical English in public (p < 0.001) and in using English in other medical settings (presenting and discussing cases, writing clinical reports, interviewing patients and reading English medical texts). Objective measurements of medical English knowledge confirmed a significant increase in participants’ knowledge of methods of administration of therapeutics, knowledge of human body parts in English and familiarity with English medical abbreviations. Most course participants agreed that peer-education was effective in teaching medical English skills to non-native English-speaking students and in increasing their confidence when using English in real-life medical scenarios.
Conclusions
The present study highlights the effectiveness of peer-assisted teaching of medical English skills to nonnative English-speaking medical students. Further validation is required and should compare the effectiveness of traditional versus peer-assisted teaching approaches.
Transglutaminases are oncogenic biomarkers in human cancers and therapeutic targeting of TGM2 blocks chemoresistance and macrophage infiltration in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Zhang Shan , Yao Hong-Fei , Li Hui , Su Tong , Jiang Shu-Heng , Wang Hao , Zhang Zhi-Gang , Dong Fang-Yuan , yang Qin , Yang Xiao-Mei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Backgroud:
Transglutaminases (TGs) are multifunctional enzymes with transglutaminase cross-linking, atypical GTPase/ATPase and kinase activity. Here, an integrated comprehensive analysis shows the genomic, transcriptomic and immunological landscapes of the TGs varies among different cancers.
Methods
Gene expression pattern and immune cell infiltration in pan-cancer were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) datasets. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, ELISA, and orthotopic xenograft model were performed to validate our database-derived results.
Results
The overall expression of TGs (designated as TG score) is significantly upregulated in multiple cancers and related to worse patient survial. The expression of the TG family can be regulated by multiple mechanisms at the genetic, epigenetic and transcriptional levels. Transcriptionfactors crucial for epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) are commonly correlated with TG score in many cancer types. Importantly, TGM2 expression displays a close connection with the chemoresistances of a wide range of chemodrugs. TGM2, F13A1 and overall TG score are positively correlated with the infiltration of immune cells in all cancer types tested. Functional and clinical verification reveals that higher TGM2 expression is linked with worse patient survival, increased IC50 value of gemcitabine, and abundant tumor-infiltrating macrophages in pancreatic cancer. Mechanistically, increased C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) release affored by TGM2 contributes to macrophage infiltration with tumor microenvironment.
Conclusions
These results reveal the relevances and molecular networks of TG genes in human cancers, highlighting the significance of TGM2 in pancreatic cancer which may provide some promising directions for immunotherapy and dealing with chemoresistance.
Graph connectedness and Homophily: An inquiry into feature selection
Authors: Gavande Ashish 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Homophily in graphs can be well understood if the underlying causes for homophilic associations are identified. As associations are generally based on feature selection, it necessitates understanding the reasons for decision making for feature selection. This work tries to establish relationships between graphs’ properties and the degrees of homophily exhibited by them on the basis of feature selection approaches which entails decision-making. The analysis is performed in both social and non-social context using three approaches for feature selection based on importance, variance within features and dimensionality reduction. This work by co-relating the properties of datasets and homophily across different feature selection approaches and different dataset sizes, proves that the importance-based feature selection is the most likely approach for feature selection for homophilic associations in graphs.
Biostimulation of Resident Bacteria flora from Freshwater during Biodegradation of Organotin Compounds
Authors: Ate M. L. , Ichor Tersagh , Ebah Esther E. , Amua Q. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Water samples obtained from five (5) locations along River Benue were spiked with organotin (TBTCl) in a ratio of 3mM to 1 liter. Two nutrient amendments (NPK fertilizer and poultry dung) were added to stimulate bacterial activity as degradation set up of 3 treatments including a control was monitored for 56 days. Organotin degradation activity was measured by monitoring decrease in TBTCl using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer on day 0, 14, 28, 42 and 56. Test chemical concentrations as well as microbial counts were recorded accordingly. Bacteria which demonstrated consistent growth in the presence of test organotin after 56 days were screened for organotin resistance potential by culturing on MSA medium containing varying concentrations of test organotins; 5 mM, 7 mM, and 10 mM. Organotin utilizing bacteria from fresh water were molecularly characterized and sequenced using pacBio sequencing. Degradation experiment showed an initial increase in microbial growth with counts hitting peak values on the 28th day after which microbial counts continuously dropped until the 56th day. There was a corresponding reduction in the concentration of the test organotin from 350 mg/L on day 0 to an average of 66.78 mg/L on day 56 indicating an average of 81.67% reduction. Organotin degradation by bacteria was significant p < 0.05 (One Way Anova) and Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between decrease in test organotins and bacterial growth (r = -215; p = 1.33). Metagenomic results showed that 76.27% of bacteria capable of organotin utilization belong to the phylum Proteobacteria. Azospira spp 36% was identified as a potent organotin degrader while commamonas spp 6.7%, Sedimentibaacter spp 3%, Clostridium bowmanii 2.66% and Serpens flexibilis 2.08%, demonstrated only mild growth. Rate of degradation of test organotins was faster when stimulated with NPK fertilizer compared to poultry dung. Further research on large scale, on-site biostimulation strategies is highly advocated.
Recent Climate Change in Western Black Sea Region of Turkey by Paleoclimatic Reconstruction of Borehole Temperatures
Authors: Çelik Buğra , Erkan Kamil , Tayanç Mete , Baltaci Hakki , Akkoyunlu Bulent , Balkan-Pazvantoğlu Elif 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The impact of recent climate change varies around the world and understanding the regional variations is important for making accurate deductions and generating future climate predictions and mitigation plans. Borehole temperature reconstruction is one of the common methods to determine the ground surface temperature (GST) history of a region. In this study, high-precision (<0.01 K) borehole temperature-depth data from five different locations in Western Black Sea Region of Turkey were used for reconstruction of the ground surface temperature changes for the last century. Measurement sites are located in rural areas so the results are free from the urban heat island interference. The reconstructions reveal that ground surface temperatures have risen by an average of 0.91 °C in the study area during the last century. Results from inland sites show cooling of 0.24°C until 1975 and 0.99°C warming since then. The results in the coastal area show no such cooling period. The rapid warming trend in the last three decades revealed by GST reconstructions indicates high sensitivity of the region to present-day global warming.