bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential rotation: the chromosphere to the quiet chromosphere
Authors: Wan M , Gao P X , Xu J C , Shi X J , Xiang N B , Xie J L 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Synoptic maps of Ca II K-normalized intensity at ±40° latitude belt from Carrington rotations 827 (1915 August 10) to 1764 (1985 July 7) are utilized to investigate the long-term variation of the quiet chromospheric differential rotation within solar activity cycles through removing some large values of Ca II-normalized intensity. The equatorial rotation rate of the quiet chromosphere is found to be smaller than that of the chromosphere, and the absolute value of the parameter B is also found to be smaller for the quiet chromosphere than for the chromosphere on the whole, especially during periods of solar cycle maxima. Therefore, we induce that the differential of rotation rate in the quiet chromosphere seems to be enhanced by large-scale magnetic fields. The north–south asymmetry in the solar rotation is also investigated, and the asymmetry coefficients of the chromosphere and the quiet chromosphere are positively correlated in solar cycles 15–17, while they are negatively correlated in solar cycles 18–21.
On the density regime probed by HCN emission
Authors: Jones Gerwyn H , Clark Paul C , Glover Simon C O , Hacar Alvaro 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
HCN $J = 1\,\!-\!0$ emission is commonly used as a dense gas tracer, thought to mainly arise from gas with densities ∼104–105 cm−3. This has made it a popular tracer in star formation studies. However, there is increasing evidence from observational surveys of ‘resolved’ molecular clouds that HCN can trace more diffuse gas. We investigate the relationship between gas density and HCN emission through post-processing of high-resolution magnetohydrodynamical simulations of cloud–cloud collisions. We find that HCN emission traces gas with a mean volumetric density of ∼3 × 103 cm−3 and a median visual extinction of ∼5 mag.  We therefore predict a characteristic density that is an order of magnitude less than the ‘standard’ characteristic density of n ∼3 × 104 cm−3. Indeed, we find in some cases that there is clear HCN emission from the cloud even though there is no gas denser than this standard critical density. We derive independent luminosity-to-mass conversion factors for the amount of gas at AV &gt; 8 or at densities n &gt; 2.85 × 103 cm−3 or n &gt; 3 × 104 cm−3, finding values of αHCN = 6.79, 8.62, and $27.98\,{\rm M_{\odot}} ({\rm K\, km \, s^{-1} \, pc^{2}})$, respectively.
Structure, spectroscopic signatures, and formation of hydroxy-azirine: a potential interstellar prebiotic molecule
Authors: Redondo Pilar , Sanz-Novo Miguel , Barrientos Carmen , Largo Antonio 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Hydroxy-azirine (C2H3NO) is a -OH derivative of azirine (C2H3N), molecule that has been the subject of several unfruitful searches in space. Hydroxy-azirine is an isomer of the detected prebiotic species methyl isocyanate, CH3NCO, and glycolonitrile, HOCH2CN, as well as the yet undetected imine acetaldehyde, NHCHCHO. However, the lack of preliminary spectroscopic data on hydroxy-azirine has prevented its astronomical search. The aim of this study is to provide high-level theoretical spectroscopic signatures of the most stable hydroxy-azirine isomers to enable their eventual interstellar search. A total of 12 isomers have been characterized for hydroxy-azirine and their isomerization processes have been analysed at the CCSD(T)-F12/cc-pVTZ-F12 level. The most stable structures are 3-hydroxy-2H-azirine (I) and 2-hydroxy-2H-azirine (II) in their syn- and anti-configurations, which are suggested as the most relevant candidates for laboratory and interstellar detection. To ease their identification by means of rotational spectroscopy, we report a set of the required spectroscopic parameters using state-of-the-art composite and coupled-cluster approaches. For astronomical purposes, we provide a complete line list for I-syn and I-antihydroxy-azirine up to 50 GHz, which takes the hyperfine structure into account, and will be essential to hunt for these interstellar candidates experimentally. In addition, anharmonic vibrational frequencies and intensities are reported to predict a trustworthy vibrational spectra and to estimate the vibrational partition function. Finally, we analyse the possibility of formation of hydroxy-azirine from the reaction of azirine with the hydroxyl radical in the gas-phase and on the surface of ices, finding for the latter a feasible formation route under interstellar conditions.
The thesan project: ionizing escape fractions of reionization-era galaxies
Authors: Yeh Jessica Y-C , Smith Aaron , Kannan Rahul , Garaldi Enrico , Vogelsberger Mark , Borrow Josh , Pakmor Rüdiger , Springel Volker , Hernquist Lars 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A fundamental requirement for reionizing the Universe is that a sufficient fraction of the ionizing photons emitted by galaxies successfully escapes into the intergalactic medium. However, due to the scarcity of high-redshift observational data, the sources driving reionization remain uncertain. In this work, we calculate the ionizing escape fractions (fesc) of reionization-era galaxies from the state-of-the-art thesan simulations, which combine an accurate radiation-hydrodynamic solver (arepo-rt) with the well-tested IllustrisTNG galaxy formation model to self-consistently simulate both small-scale galaxy physics and large-scale reionization throughout a large patch of the universe ($L_\text{box} = 95.5\, \text{cMpc}$). This allows the formation of numerous massive haloes ($M_\text{halo} \gtrsim 10^{10}\, {\text{M}_{\odot }}$), which are often statistically underrepresented in previous studies but are believed to be important to achieving rapid reionization. We find that low-mass galaxies ($M_\text{stars} \lesssim 10^7\, {\text{M}_{\odot }}$) are the main drivers of reionization above z ≳ 7, while high-mass galaxies ($M_\text{stars} \gtrsim 10^8\, {\text{M}_{\odot }}$) dominate the escaped ionizing photon budget at lower redshifts. We find a strong dependence of fesc on the effective star formation rate (SFR) surface density defined as the SFR per gas mass per escape area, i.e. $\bar{\Sigma }_\text{SFR} = \text{SFR}/M_\text{gas}/R_{200}^2$. The variation in halo escape fractions decreases for higher mass haloes, which can be understood from the more settled galactic structure, SFR stability, and fraction of sightlines within each halo significantly contributing to the escaped flux. Dust is capable of reducing the escape fractions of massive galaxies, but the impact on the global fesc depends on the dust model. Finally, active galactic nuclei are unimportant for reionization in thesan and their escape fractions are lower than stellar ones due to being located near the centres of galaxy gravitational potential wells.
Interactomics: Dozens of Viruses, Co-evolving With Humans, Including the Influenza A Virus, may Actively Distort Human Aging
Authors: Teulière Jérôme , Bernard Charles , Bonnefous Hugo , Martens Johannes , Lopez Philippe , Bapteste Eric 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Some viruses (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus 1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) have been experimentally proposed to accelerate features of human aging and of cellular senescence. These observations, along with evolutionary considerations on viral fitness, raised the more general puzzling hypothesis that, beyond documented sources in human genetics, aging in our species may also depend on virally encoded interactions distorting our aging to the benefits of diverse viruses. Accordingly, we designed systematic network–based analyses of the human and viral protein interactomes, which unraveled dozens of viruses encoding proteins experimentally demonstrated to interact with proteins from pathways associated with human aging, including cellular senescence. We further corroborated our predictions that specific viruses interfere with human aging using published experimental evidence and transcriptomic data; identifying influenza A virus (subtype H1N1) as a major candidate age distorter, notably through manipulation of cellular senescence. By providing original evidence that viruses may convergently contribute to the evolution of numerous age-associated pathways through co-evolution, our network-based and bipartite network–based methodologies support an ecosystemic study of aging, also searching for genetic causes of aging outside a focal aging species. Our findings, predicting age distorters and targets for anti-aging therapies among human viruses, could have fundamental and practical implications for evolutionary biology, aging study, virology, medicine, and demography.
Snapshots of the first-step self-splicing ofTetrahymenaribozyme revealed by cryo-EM
Authors: Zhang Xiaojing , Li Shanshan , Pintilie Grigore , Palo Michael Z , Zhang Kaiming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTetrahymena ribozyme is a group I intron, whose self-splicing is the result of two sequential ester-transfer reactions. To understand how it facilitates catalysis in the first self-splicing reaction, we used cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to resolve the structures of L-16 Tetrahymena ribozyme complexed with a 11-nucleotide 5′-splice site analog substrate. Four conformations were achieved to 4.14, 3.18, 3.09 and 2.98 Å resolutions, respectively, corresponding to different splicing intermediates during the first enzymatic reaction. Comparison of these structures reveals structural alterations, including large conformational changes in IGS/IGSext (P1-P1ext duplex) and J5/4, as well as subtle local rearrangements in the G-binding site. These structural changes are required for the enzymatic activity of the Tetrahymena ribozyme. Our study demonstrates the ability of cryo-EM to capture dynamic RNA structural changes, ushering in a new era in the analysis of RNA structure-function by cryo-EM.
Optimization of Radium-223 Treatment of Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Based on the Burden of Skeletal Metastasis and Clinical Parameters
Authors: Shariftabrizi Ahmad , Kothari Shalin , George Saby , Attwood Kristopher , Levine Ellis , Lamonica Dominick 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundRadium-223 dichloride (Ra-223) is now frequently used to treat prostate cancer that has metastasized to bone, although patient selection continues to be suboptimal for determining who will benefit most from this novel treatment modality.Materials and MethodsSeventy-nine patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) were treated with Ra-223 from 2012 to 2016. The burden of skeletal metastasis was determined for each using the Bone Scan Index (BSI) as a ratio of diseased to normal bone. Clinical, laboratory, and survival data were collected and examined for associations with BSI, and treatment tolerability was assessed.ResultsChemotherapy-naïve patients were significantly more likely to complete the full course of treatment. Median follow-up was 31 months (range 0.7-38.8 months) and median overall survival was 15.4 months (range 9.5-20.6 months). Overall survival was significantly associated with findings on bone scans (P &lt; .05). Patients with higher BSI tended toward poorer outcomes. Nearly half the patients with low baseline BSI survived 3 years or more following Ra-223 treatment. By contrast, only 20% of the patients with high baseline BSI lived for 1 year, and none lived for an additional 3. Baseline BSI was significantly associated with decreased hemoglobin, higher serum PSA and alkaline phosphatase levels, and treatment-associated reductions in platelet and absolute neutrophil counts.ConclusionOur results suggest better outcomes to Ra-223 therapy for patients who are chemotherapy-naïve and who undergo treatment earlier in the course of their disease as reflected by low BSI and concordant laboratory parameters.
Social media influence: a new frontier in proprietary rights?
Authors: Carn Matthew 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The importance of social media has rapidly increased throughout the 21st century. The metric of influence has been key to the commercialisation of social media, with accurate methods of quantification now allowing it to be used by a litany of corporate bodies to identify appropriate individuals to act as their brand ambassadors for the purpose of marketing products. Given the flexibility of equity, it is only a matter of time before such a valuable commodity is recognised under the law of trusts as a metric for identifying beneficiaries or as the subject matter of a trust itself.
Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 regulates fatty acid synthase lactylation and mediates treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Gao Ruxin , Li Yue , Xu Zhimeng , Zhang Feng , Xu Jia , Hu Yanzhou , Yin Jingya , Yang Kun , Sun Lei , Wang Qi , He Xiaoyun , Huang Kunlun 
Published: January 2023

Background and Aims:
NAFLD has become a major metabolic disease worldwide. A few studies have reported the potential relationship between mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1) and inflammation, fibrosis, and insulin sensitivity in obese or NASH mouse models. However, the impact of MPC1 on NAFLD-related liver lipid metabolism and its role in the NAFLD progression require further investigation.

Approach and Results:
MPC1 expression was measured in liver tissues from normal controls and patients with NAFLD. We characterized the metabolic phenotypes and expression of genes involved in hepatic lipid accumulation in MPC1 systemic heterozygous knockout (MPC1+/−) mice. Hepatic protein lactylation was detected using Tandem Mass Tags proteomics and verified by the overexpression of lactylation mutants in cells. Finally, the effect of MPC1 inhibition on liver inflammation was examined in mice and AML-12 cells. Here, we found that MPC1 expression was positively correlated to liver lipid deposition in patients with NAFLD. MPC1+/− mice fed with high-fat diet had reduced hepatic lipid accumulation but no change in the expression of lipid synthesis-related genes. MPC1 knockout affected the lactylation of several proteins, especially fatty acid synthase, through the regulation of lactate levels in hepatocytes. Lactylation at the K673 site of fatty acid synthase inhibited fatty acid synthase activity, which mediated the downregulation of liver lipid accumulation by MPC1. Moreover, although MPC1 knockout caused lactate accumulation, inflammation level was controlled because of mitochondrial protection and macrophage polarization.

Conclusions:
In NAFLD, MPC1 levels are positively correlated with hepatic lipid deposition; the enhanced lactylation at fatty acid synthase K673 site may be a downstream mechanism.
Analysis of the Status of Radiation-generating Medical Devices in Mainland China
Authors: Su Yinping , Cui Shiyue , Sun Quanfu , Deng Jun , Cheng Jinsheng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to describe the status of radiation-generating medical devices in mainland China. The number of diagnostic radiology and interventional radiology devices was collected from the national medical radiation protection monitoring information system, while the number of radiation therapy and nuclear medicine devices was from the published articles. Statistical analysis of the correlation was used to assess the relationship between the number of high technology medical devices and GDP per capita. A total of 143,064 radiation-generating medical devices were identified in mainland China, and diagnostic radiology devices accounted for 94% of those. The number of CTs was 14.84 per million, an increase by a factor of 1.45 compared to 2009. But the distribution of CTs was imbalanced among different areas: the highest number of CT per million population was 27.70 in Tibet, and the lowest was 8.55 per million population in Guangxi province. Statistical analysis of the correlation showed that the number of PET scanners per million population was positively correlated with GDP per capita, and similarly for medical accelerators. The number of mammographic devices per million population was much lower than that in other countries. The investment of radiation-generating medical devices in China was far from enough, especially for mammographic devices. More efforts should be taken to bring medical resources to regions with greater population areas in the future.
Health Phys. 124(0):000-000; 2023
Sensitivity analysis of large body of control parameters in machine learning control of a square-back Ahmed body
Authors: Deng G. M. , Fan D. W. , Zhang B. F. , Liu K. , Zhou Y. 
Published: January 2023

Active drag reduction (DR) of a square-back Ahmed body is experimentally studied based on machine learning or artificial intelligence (AI) control. The control system consists of four independently operated arrays of pulsed microjets, 25 pressure taps and an explorative downhill simplex method controller. Two strategies, i.e. asymmetric and symmetric actuations, are investigated, with 12 and 9 control parameters, respectively. Both achieve a DR by 13%, though with distinct flow physics and control mechanisms behind. A model linking the control parameters with the cost is developed based on Taylor expansion around the K-nearest neighbours of the smallest cost obtained from the AI control, resulting in a substantially reduced deviation between measured and predicted costs, especially when involving a large number of control parameters, compared with that based on Taylor expansion around the optimum cost. Sensitivity analysis, conducted based on the model, indicates that the control efficiency, i.e. the ratio of the power saving from DR to the total power consumption, may reach 55 and 78 for the symmetric and asymmetric strategies, respectively, given a 1–2% sacrifice on DR. This efficiency greatly exceeds that (26.5) obtained by Fan
et al.
(Fan
et al.
2020
Phys. Fluids
32
, 125117. (
doi:10.1063/5.0033156
)), whose independent control parameters are only three.
3-D deconvolution of human skin immune architecture with Multiplex Annotated Tissue Imaging System (MANTIS)
Authors: Scholaert Manon , Houmadi Raissa , Martin Jeremy , Serhan Nadine , Tauber Marie , Braun Emilie , Basso Lilian , Merle Eric , Descargues Pascal , Viguier Manuelle , Lesort Cécile , Chaput Benoît , Kanitakis Jean , Jullien Denis , Livideanu Cristina Bulai , Lamant Laurence , Pagès Emeline , Gaudenzio Nicolas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRoutine clinical assays, such as conventional immunohistochemistry, often fail to resolve the regional heterogeneity of complex inflammatory skin conditions. Here we introduce MANTIS (Multiplexed Annotated Tissue Imaging System), a flexible analytic pipeline compatible with routine practice, specifically-designed for spatially-resolved immune phenotyping of the skin in experimental or clinical samples. Based on phenotype attribution matrices coupled to α-shape algorithms, MANTIS projects a representative digital immune landscape, while enabling automated detection of major inflammatory clusters and concomitant single-cell data quantification of biomarkers. We observed that severe pathological lesions from systemic lupus erythematosus, Kawasaki syndrome or COVID-19-associated skin manifestations share common quantitative immune features, while displaying a non-random distribution of cells with the formation of disease-specific dermal immune structures. Given its accuracy and flexibility, MANTIS is designed to solve the spatial organization of complex immune environments to better apprehend the pathophysiology of skin manifestations.
Functional traits of young seedlings predict trade-offs in seedling performance in three neotropical forests
Authors: Metz Margaret R. , Wright S. Joseph , Zimmerman Jess K. , Hernandéz Andrés , Smith Samuel M. , Swenson Nathan G. , Umaña M. Natalia , Valencia L. Renato , Waring-Enriquez Ina , Wordell Mason , Zambrano R. Milton , Garwood Nancy C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms that promote the coexistence of hundreds of species over small areas in tropical forest remains a challenge. Many tropical tree species are presumed to be functionally equivalent shade tolerant species that differ in performance trade-offs between survival in shade and the ability to quickly grow in sunlight.Variation in plant functional traits related to resource acquisition is thought to predict variation in performance among species, perhaps explaining community assembly across habitats with gradients in resource availability. Many studies have found low predictive power, however, when linking trait measurements to species demographic rates.Seedlings face different challenges recruiting on the forest floor and may exhibit different traits and/or performance trade-offs than older individuals face in the eventual adult niche. Seed mass is the typical proxy for seedling success, but species also differ in cotyledon strategy (reserve vs photosynthetic) or other seedling traits. These can cause species with the same average seed mass to have divergent performance in the same habitat.We combined long-term studies of seedling dynamics with functional trait data collected at a standard developmental stage in three diverse neotropical forests to ask whether variation in coordinated suites of traits predicts variation among species in demographic performance.Across hundreds of species in Ecuador, Panama, and Puerto Rico, we found seedlings displayed correlated suites of leaf, stem, and root traits, which strongly correlated with seed mass and cotyledon strategy. Variation among species in seedling functional traits, seed mass, and cotyledon strategy were strong predictors of trade-offs in seedling growth and survival.Our findings highlight the importance of cotyledon strategy in addition to seed mass as a key component of seed and seedling biology. These results also underscore the importance of matching the ontogenetic stage of the trait measurement to the stage of demographic dynamics.Synthesis:With strikingly consistent patterns across three tropical forests, we find strong evidence for the promise of functional traits to provide mechanistic links between seedling form and demographic performance.
Activity-based profiling of cullin-RING ligase networks by conformation-specific probes
Authors: Henneberg Lukas T. , Singh Jaspal , Duda David M. , Baek Kheewoong , Yanishevski David , Murray Peter J. , Mann Matthias , Sidhu Sachdev S. , Schulman Brenda 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe cullin-RING E3 ligase (CRL) network comprises over 300 unique complexes that switch from inactive to activated conformations upon site-specific cullin modification by the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8. Assessing cellular repertoires of activated CRL complexes is critical for understanding eukaryotic regulation. However, probes surveying networks controlled by site-specific ubiquitin-like protein modifications are lacking. We report development of a synthetic antibody recognizing the active conformation of a NEDD8-linked cullin. We established a pipeline probing cellular networks of activated CUL1-, CUL2-, CUL3- and CUL4-containing CRLs, revealing the CRL complexes responding to stimuli. Profiling several cell types showed their baseline neddylated CRL repertoires vary, prime efficiency of targeted protein degradation, and are differentially rewired across distinct primary cell activation pathways. Thus, conformation-specific probes can permit nonenzymatic activity-based profiling across a system of numerous multiprotein complexes, which in the case of neddylated CRLs reveals widespread regulation and could facilitate development of degrader drugs.