bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of 5,5′‐Methylenebis(2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde) – cyanoacetohydrazide Hybrid as Scaffold for the Synthesis of Bis‐Heterocyclic Moieties and Study of Their Insecticidal Activity
Authors: Ismail Mahmoud F. , Hashem Ahmed I. , Sleem Rasha A. , Hassaballah Aya I. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. is a serious pest attacking a wide range of ornamentals and many field crops. It is well documented that some heterocyclic systems have efficient insecticidal activities. So novel hydrazide‐hydrazone namely, N′,N′′′‐((methylenebis(6‐hydroxy‐3,1‐phenylene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(2‐cyanoacetohydrazide) 3 was exploited as a target to synthesize bis‐heterocyclic moieties such as furan, pyridone, coumarin, thiazole and isoxazole, and also some bis‐heteroarylidenes including heterocycles as indole and pyrazole. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were established on the basis of elemental analyses and some spectroscopic tools. All the synthesized compounds were screened for the insecticidal efficacy against the 4th larval instar of Spodoptera littoralis (cotton leafworm). Manifestly, the data showed that compounds 9 and 14 possess remarkable potency but the rest of compounds showed no pronounced activity against cotton leafworm.
Electrochemical Oxidation to Fabricate Micro‐Nano‐Scale Surface Wrinkling of Liquid Metals
Authors: Zhou Zhuquan , Xing Zerong , Wang Qian , Liu Jing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConstructing wrinkled structures on the surface of materials to obtain new functions has broad application prospects. Here a generalized method is reported to fabricate multi‐scale and diverse‐dimensional oxide wrinkles on liquid metal surfaces by an electrochemical anodization method. The oxide film on the surface of the liquid metal is successfully thickened to hundreds of nanometers by electrochemical anodization, and then the micro‐wrinkles with height differences of several hundred nanometers are obtained by the growth stress. It is succeeded in altering the distribution of growth stress by changing the substrate geometry to induce different wrinkle morphologies, such as one‐dimensional striped wrinkles and two‐dimensional labyrinth wrinkles. Further, radial wrinkles are obtained under the hoop stress induced by the difference in surface tensions. These hierarchical wrinkles of different scales can exist on the liquid metal surface simultaneously. Surface wrinkles of liquid metal may have potential applications in the future for flexible electronics, sensors, displays, and so on.
Phase‐Separated Dielectric Gels Based on Christiansen Effect
Authors: Gao Yiyang , Chen Jing , Zhang Yanan , Zhao Yuanjun , Jia Xin , Da Xinyu , Gao Guoxin , Xi Kai , Ding Shujiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhase separation is a trivial phenomenon but a mature strategy in materials science. The flexible materials are provided toughness and strength by phase separation, yet there are few applications in optics and electronics industry. A novel phase‐separated dielectric gel (PSDG) with a strong Christiansen effect is prepared via radical polymerization using hydroxyethyl methacrylate as a monomer, 4‐cyano‐4′‐pentylbiphenyl and tributyl citrate as mixed solvents, and polyethylene glycol as a softener. The solvent ratios and ambient conditions can efficiently change the color of PSDG which makes it strongly selective for the wavelength of transmitted light. Besides, it has a high dielectric constant (10 at 1 kHz), sensitively responding to the electric field. The phase separation degree of PSDG varies with applied electric field, which will induce its transmittance alteration accordingly. The current field sensitive PSDG provides a novel idea for “smart windows”. Additionally, varying the size and shape of the electrodes can precisely control the phase separation in PSDG and also enables the function of free writing on flexible materials. Therefore, the designed PSDG has great application potential for flexible touch and interesting interactions.
5,12‐Dihydroindolo[3,2‐a]Carbazole Derivatives‐Based Water Soluble Photoinitiators for 3D Antibacterial Hydrogels Preparation
Authors: Chen Hong , Borjigin Timur , Regeard Christophe , Xiao Pu , Dumur Frédéric , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIndolo[3,2‐a]carbazole alkaloids have drawn a growing interest in recent years owing to their potential electrical and optical properties. With 5,12‐dihydroindolo[3,2‐a]carbazole serving as the scaffold, two novel carbazole derivatives are synthesized in this study. Both compounds are extremely soluble in water, with solubility surpassing 7% in weight. Intriguingly, the introduction of aromatic substituents contributed to drastically reduce the π‐stacking ability of carbazole derivatives, while the presence of the sulfonic acid groups enables the resulting carbazoles remarkably soluble in water, allowing them to be used as especially efficient water‐soluble PIs in conjunction with co‐initiators, i.e., triethanolamine and the iodonium salt, respectively, employed as electron donor and acceptor. Surprisingly, multi‐component photoinitiating systems based on these synthesized carbazole derivatives could be used for the in situ preparation of hydrogels containing silver nanoparticles via laser write procedure with a light emitting diode (LED)@405 nm as light source, and the produced hydrogels display antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli.
Single‐precursor phase‐controlled synthesis of copper selenide nanocrystals and their conversion to amorphous hollow nanostructures
Authors: Chen Feifan , Zhang Yadong , Hu Lijun , Zheng Lifang , Ge Feiyue , Feng Changsheng , Xu Dan , Tao Chen‐Lei , Wu Xue‐Jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe crystal phases are essential to the physicochemical properties and functionalities of materials. Copper selenide has emerged as an important and appealing semiconductor, which can exist in a variety of polymorphic phases. However, the richness of polymorphs also makes it a challenge to the direct preparation of copper selenide nanocrystals with tunable phases. Herein, two polymorphs, that is, quasi‐tetragonal Cu2−xSe nanocubes and metastable wurtzite Cu2Se nanodisks, are successfully synthesized by using a single precursor, copper(I) selenocyanate (CuSeCN), as the Cu and Se sources. The key to phase modulation is the optimal choice of the ligand in the synthesis. The as‐prepared nanocrystals possess different morphologies and compositions, giving rise to distinct optical properties and electrical conductivities. Interestingly, the copper selenide nanocrystals can provide a platform for the rational construction of two types of amorphous hollow Au─Cu─Se nanostructures by reaction with Au(I) precursor, in which their final shapes are well kept as that of the original nanocrystal templates. This work provides an easy strategy for the phase‐controlled synthesis of copper selenide nanocrystals and enables the design of new materials for broad applications.
Task specialization and low‐skilled immigration in a highly educated country: Evidence from Korea
Authors: Kim Hyejin , Lee Jongkwan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhile imperfect substitutability between native and immigrant workers is an important mechanism in estimating the wage effects of immigration, its empirical literature is concentrated on the context of only a few countries. Using occupation task‐intensity data from a unique Korean data set, we demonstrate that relatively skilled native Korean workers respond to increased low‐skilled immigration by pursuing jobs more intensive in communication and cognitive tasks. This native response is mainly pronounced in knowledge‐intensive service sectors and leads to an improvement in average wages in these sectors. Our results support the general assumption that the labor market impact of immigration critically depends on whether native and immigrant workers are substitutes or complements in production.
Is the “smoke‐filled room” necessary? An experimental study of the effect of communication networks on collusion
Authors: Flannery Timothy , Wang Siyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe investigate how well firms can collude with partial communication in relation to full communication. We find that firms vary their communication strategies with network structures. In the networks that have either an isolated firm or full communication, more players send “pure promises” suggesting everyone select the collusive actions unconditionally. In the network with leadership, more players send a “promise and threat” which includes a reward for collusion and a punishment for deviating. Because of the inability to communicate in the network with the isolated firm and the high frequency of deviation and punishment in the network with leadership, the full communication network achieves significantly higher payoff than partial communication.
Seismic performance of the enlarged beam section connection
Authors: Zohdi Ali , Matinpour Mohammad Hossein , Rafati Bonab Reza , Kiumarsi Oskuei Farzad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEnlarged beam section (EBS) connection is a new moment connection developed to eliminate the shortcomings of conventional reduced beam section connections and fulfill desired performance. In EBS, the width of the flanges increases in specific locations between the desired plastic hinge and the column face of the beam to let the plastic hinge occur in a favorable region. Hence, the plastic hinge location can be controlled by manipulation of EBS parameters. In this study, the seismic performance of EBS connections under cyclic loading in the standard frameworks is investigated using finite‐element modeling. Before implementation the finite‐element model is verified by an experimental study on conventional connection. Utilizing optimum EBS parameters in the finite‐element modeling, no significant damage is predicted in weld lines and their vicinity, the column, and the connection zone. Also, no remarkable deformation or buckling instability is detected in the results. This indicates appropriate performance of the connection and formation of the plastic hinge in the desirable region. The requirements of various regulatory standards are achieved in terms on number of cycles and the total rotation. In addition, due to the ease of implementation, this connection type can be an excellent alternative to other moment connection types.
Evolution of fib model codes: Mastering challenges and encountering new ones
Authors: Kasuga Akio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMC2020, with sustainability and performance‐based design at its core, is the model code for future thinking. It is designed so that both new construction and interventions can be completed based on this model code, bringing together the world's most advanced technologies. In this paper, the basic stance of fib toward sustainability is firstly described. Then, as the future envisioned by MC2020, examples of low‐carbon concrete structures will be presented. The paper also discusses the form and uses of conceptual design that MC2020 emphasizes and presents examples of new construction and the extension of service life/adaptation/upgrading of existing structures. New technologies for a circular economy will also be proposed. Sustainability has economic, social, and environmental aspects, and the optimization of each will eventually lead to carbon neutrality. It can be said that MC2020 will help us to arrive at solutions to those complex challenges.
Probabilistic prediction model of concrete carbonation depth considering the influence of multiple factors
Authors: Qin Hongtu , Wang Jian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn order to realize the probability prediction of concrete carbonation depth, this paper proposed a probabilistic prediction model of carbonation depth based on 433 sets of existing experimental data. First, considering the influence of water‐binder ratio, fly ash content, stress level, and carbonation time, a deterministic prediction model of carbonation depth was established based on stepwise regression method. Then, based on the established deterministic prediction model, considering the influence of aleatory and epistemic uncertainties, a probabilistic prediction model of carbonation depth was established, and the posterior distributions of the parameters in the probabilistic prediction model were updated iteratively by using Bayesian theory and Markov chain Monte Carlo method, and the influence of standard deviation of prior distribution of the parameters in probabilistic prediction model on their posterior distributions was discussed. Finally, the prediction accuracy of the probabilistic prediction model was verified by comparing with another 127 sets of existing experimental data and the predicted values of the deterministic prediction model, and the effect of the standard deviations of prior distribution of the parameters on the prediction accuracy of the probabilistic prediction model was analyzed. The results showed that the prediction accuracy of the proposed probabilistic prediction model of carbonation depth after three updates was higher than that of the deterministic prediction model. When the standard deviation of prior distributions of the parameters in probabilistic prediction model was 100, the proposed probabilistic prediction model after three updates had the highest prediction accuracy. Under the tensile stress state of concrete, the prediction accuracy of the probabilistic prediction model was improved by 26.76% compared with the deterministic prediction model, and when the concrete under compressive stress state, the prediction accuracy of the probabilistic prediction model was 44.07% higher than that of the deterministic prediction model.
A visualized automatic particle counting strategy for single‐cell level telomerase activity quantification
Authors: Li Chen , Chen Hui , Fan Tingting , Zhao Jingru , Ding Zheng , Lin Zeyu , Sun Shuqing , Tan Chunyan , Liu Feng , Jiang Hongtao , Tan Ying 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe accurate evaluation of telomerase activity, a typical cancer biomarker, is vital for early cancer screening. In this study, we developed a dark‐field microscopy (DFM) visual single‐particle detection scheme to detect telomerase activity based on automatic counting gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). This method started with attaching the telomerase substrate (TS) primer to the magnetic beads (MBs) through streptavidin‐biotin interaction. In the presence of telomerase and dNTPs, the TS primer was expanded with (TTAGGG)n repeat units to form the telomerase extension product (MBs‐telomerase extension product), which could be hybridized with the complementary DNA (cDNA) modified with AuNPs through Au‐S bonds (AuNPs‐SH‐cDNA). After magnetic separation and DNA double‐strand unwinding, AuNPs were collected from the supernatant, and the telomerase activity was quantitatively measured by visually counting bright spots based on DFM. This strategy achieved a limit of detection as low as 1 HeLa cell and distinguished telomerase activity among different cell lines, thus verifying its excellent sensitivity and specificity. Further, two common telomerase inhibitors (BIBR1532 and curcumin) were screened with the consistent IC50 values with other methods, respectively. It is worth mentioning that this strategy can clearly identify bladder cancer among various urinary diseases. Consequently, the visualized automatic particle counting strategy is potential as a powerful tool in early and noninvasive diagnosis of bladder cancer.
Das neurourologische Gutachten in der gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung
Authors: Wolff A. , Münstermann N. , Pretzer J. , Redecker A. , Jud T. , Böthig R. 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungHintergrundBisherige Bewertungsvorgaben der Standardquellen für urologische Begutachtungen zeigen erhebliche Unterschiede in den empfohlenen Prozentangaben für die Einschätzung der Minderung der Erwerbsfähigkeit (MdE) für Unfallfolgeschäden auf neurourologischem Fachgebiet.FragestellungEs sollte für Begutachtungen im Rechtsbereich der Deutschen bzw. Österreichischen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung (www.dguv.de,www.auva.at) eine „Neufassung und Vereinheitlichung der MdE-Bewertungen neurourologischer Unfallfolgen (in Tabellenform) als Leitfaden/Manual“ erarbeitet werden.Material und MethodenInnerhalb des Arbeitskreises Neurourologie der DMGP (Deutschsprachige Medizinische Gesellschaft für Paraplegiologie;www.dmgp.de) bildete sich eine Arbeitsgruppe aus Neurourologen aus Querschnittgelähmtenzentren verschiedener berufsgenossenschaftlicher (BG-)Kliniken. Zwischen 01/2017 und 09/2022 fanden insgesamt 7 Arbeitstagungen und 6 Videokonferenzen statt. Die Konsentierung der erarbeiteten Dokumente erfolgte durch formale Konsensusfindung im Rahmen eines nominalen Gruppenprozesses bzw. im Rahmen einer abschließenden Konsensuskonferenz.ErgebnisseEs wurden die notwendigen Grundlagen für eine zielgerichtete, rechtssichere Diagnostik von Unfallfolgen auf neurourologischem Fachgebiet ausgearbeitet und basierend auf der Erfahrung langjähriger Gutachtertätigkeit eine „Matrix“ für eine einheitliche, abgestufte Einschätzung der Höhe der MdE auf (neuro)urologischem Fachgebiet bei gesicherten neurourologischen Unfallfolgen erstellt.SchlussfolgerungIm Interesse der Gleichbehandlung aller Versicherten ist es von großer Bedeutung, eine einheitliche und nachvollziehbare Einschätzung der Höhe der MdE auf der Grundlage von „Tabellenwerten“ vorzunehmen, die die vorliegenden Erfahrungswerte widerspiegeln.
Open versus closed intramedullary nailing of femur shaft fractures in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Salman Loay A. , Al-Ani Abdallah , Radi Mohammed F. A. , Abudalou Abedallah F. , Baroudi Omar M. , Ajaj Abdulla A. , Alkhayarin Mohamed , Ahmed Ghalib 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the outcomes of open- versus closed-reduction and intramedullary nailing (IMN) of adult femur shaft fractures.

Methods
Four databases were searched from inception until July 2022 for original studies that compared the outcomes of IMN following open-reduction versus closed-reduction technique. The primary outcome was the union rate; the secondary outcomes were time to union, nonunion, malalignment, revision, and infection. This review was conducted in line with PRISMA guidelines.

Results
A total of 12 studies with 1299 (1346 IMN cases) patients were included, with a mean age of 32.3 ± 3.25. The average follow-up was 2.3 ± 1.45 years. There was a statistically significant difference in union rate (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45–0.97; p-value, 0.0352), nonunion (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.23–3.44; p-value, 0.0056), and infection rate (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.16–3.25; p-value, 0.0114) between the open-reduction and closed-reduction groups in favour of the latter. However, malalignment was significantly higher in the closed-reduction group (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.16–0.64; p-value, 0.0012), whereas time to union and revision rates were similar (p = NS).

Conclusion
This study showed that closed-reduction and IMN had more favourable union rate, nonunion, and infection rates than the open-reduction group, yet malalignment was significantly less in the open-reduction group. Moreover, time to union and revision rates were comparable. However, these results must be interpreted in context due to confounding effects and the lack of high-quality studies.
Sample volume affects the number of Phytophthora and Phytopythium species detected by soil baiting
Authors: Sarker Suchana R. , McComb Jen , Hardy Giles E. St. J. , Burgess Treena I. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMore Phytophthora species are detected from environmental samples through DNA metabarcoding than are isolated by baiting. We investigated whether bulking soil samples and baiting ~ 300 g samples in standard 1 L tubs resulted in the isolation of fewer Phytophthora and Phytophythium species compared with using 15 – 20 g samples of non-bulked soil in individual 200 ml tubs. At each of four sites with dying vegetation, 50 soil samples were collected and baited separately in small tubs, followed by plating of lesioned baits over 7 days. The number of Phytophthora species obtained was compared with those obtained from bulking the 50 samples and baiting subsamples in large tubs. Half of the asymptomatic baits were plated on day 7 and the remaining were assessed for the presence of Phytophthora using metabarcoding. Root samples with rhizosphere soil from the bulked soil in each site were also assessed using metabarcoding. A higher number of Phytophthora species was recovered from each site from baiting small volumes of non-bulked soil than large volumes of bulked soils. Metabarcoding of the asymptomatic baits revealed species not isolated from lesioned baits. More species were detected from the roots using metabarcoding than were isolated from baits. Metabarcoding did not reveal any species from the rhizosphere soil and roots that were not also detected from metabarcoding of the asymptomatic baits and/or plating. The numbers of Phytopythium species detected using the different methods followed the same trend as for Phytophthora. It was concluded that baiting small samples from across a site in separate small tubs results in the isolation of a higher number of Phytophthora species than the standard technique of baiting large samples of bulked soils, and that this, together with metabarcoding of asymptomatic baits, detects the highest total number of species.
Analysis of solder mask roughness and stencil shape influence on void formation in solder joints
Authors: Kozak Martin , Vesely Petr , Dusek Karel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVoids inside solder joints are empty spaces negatively affecting the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of the solder joint. This article deals with this problematics using two novel approaches to reduce voids’ occurrence. The first approach is the change of the roughness of the solder mask to influence the flux spreading around the solder pad. The second approach is the deposition of the same volume of the solder paste to the solder pads using a modified, thicker stencil with smaller apertures. The experiments were performed for solder pastes containing SAC305 alloy and two types of fluxes (ROL0/ROL1). Solder joints were inspected by X-ray imaging, and the shots were subsequently processed by image analysis. For determination of the spreading area of the flux around the solder pad during the reflow process, the tested boards were scanned by a confocal digital microscope. The results showed that more aggressive flux caused less voiding in terms of the average area of voids covering the soldering pad. Analysis of samples prepared with modified stencils showed a much lower proportion of voids than with the standard stencil. Furthermore, the results revealed that the selection of the solder mask type significantly influenced the voids’ formation within solder joints in the case of the unmodified stencil for solder paste deposition. On the other hand, when the modified stencils were used for sample preparation, the solder mask had no further impact on voiding. Therefore, modifying the stencil can be pointed out as a preferable and effective way.