bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volkswirtschaftliche Einordnung der Pandemieschäden
Authors: Hüther Michael 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel ordnet die volkswirtschaftlichen Schäden der Corona-Pandemie ein. Dabei werden zunächst die Wertschöpfungsverluste, die sich auf mehrere hunderte Milliarden Euro beziffern lassen, in der Systematik der Volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnung betrachtet. Obwohl die kurzfristigen Schäden wie Einkommens- oder Beschäftigungsverluste der Pandemie quantifiziert werden können, sind die langfristigen Auswirkungen auf das Wachstumspotenzial in Deutschland nur abzuschätzen. Der Ausbruch der Pandemie in 2020 wirkt im Vergleich zur Finanzkrise von 2009 wie ein exogener globaler Schock, der strukturelle Veränderungen in der Volkswirtschaft auslöst, ohne selbst dort verursacht zu sein. Die langfristigen ökonomischen Auswirkungen sind vor allem angebotsseitig und haben im Jahr 2021 bereits zu deutlichen Bremseffekten beim Wirtschaftswachstum geführt. Schon jetzt ist aber absehbar, dass „Narbeneffekte“ in der Ökonomie über die Pandemie hinaus entstanden sind.Ergänzend dazu werden wichtige ökonomische und soziale Folgewirkungen wie Bildungsverluste, der Anstieg der Staatsquote oder der Verlust an Lebensjahren durch die Lockdown-Maßnahmen erörtert. Auch wenn genaue Abschätzungen dieser Effekte nur schwer möglich sind, werden diese post-Corona für eine umfassendere Einordnung der Pandemieschäden notwendig werden.Abschließend werden die Auswirkungen auf die gesellschaftliche Kohäsion überblicksartig aufgeführt, um den Blick über die rein messbaren volkswirtschaftlichen Größen hinaus zu öffnen. In diesem Zusammenhang werden verschiedene gesellschaftliche Erosionspotenziale hervorgehoben, wobei es sich hier nur um eine Momentaufnahme handelt.
Absicherung von Pflegekostenrisiken im Spannungsfeld von Versicherungsprinzipien und Solidaritätsnormen
Authors: Arentz Christine , Läufer Ines 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie gesetzliche Pflegeversicherung wurde 1995 für alle Bürger verpflichtend als Teilleistungsversicherung eingeführt. Die Versicherungspflicht war folgerichtig, um die Gesellschaft vor Freifahrerverhalten zu schützen. Allerdings hat die Ausgestaltung als Teilleistungsversicherung bei gleichzeitig unzureichender Dynamisierung der Versicherungsleistungen zu einem insbesondere im stationären Bereich immer höheren Eigenanteil der Pflegebedürftigen an den Pflegekosten geführt. Dieser Umstand ist seit einigen Jahren Gegenstand fortlaufender politischer Debatten und Reformbemühungen. Nach einem Problemaufriss wird die aktuelle Debatte eingeordnet und diskutiert, wie in einer alternden Gesellschaft eine absehbar weiter steigende Finanzierungslast aus den Pflegekostenrisiken auf die verschiedenen Akteure (Versicherung, Gesellschaft und Pflegebedürftige) verteilt werden soll. Hierbei spielen unterschiedliche Solidaritätsnormen eine entscheidende Rolle, um die unterschiedlichen Vorstellungen zur Fairness der Lastenverteilung zu verstehen.
Einleitung
Authors: Lüthi Katharina 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungLernen vor Ort ist kein zufällig gewählter Begriff, sondern Programm (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung [BMBF], 2008c). Als solches versteht es sich als »eines der größten bisherigen Public-Private-Partnership-Programme Deutschlands« (BMBF, 2008b), mit dem das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) gemeinsam mit deutschen Stiftungen Kreise und kreisfreie Städte bei der Entwicklung und Verstetigung eines kohärenten kommunalen Bildungsmanagements unterstützten. Die Initiative wurde mit Mitteln des BMBF und des Europäischen Sozialfonds (ESF) im Rahmen der ESF-Förderperiode 2007 bis 2013 gefördert.
Diskussion des wissenschaftlichen Ertrags
Authors: Lüthi Katharina 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungAbschließend reflektiere ich den Ertrag der theoretischen Perspektiven. Konzepte der Gesellschaftstheorie von Schimank haben die (Re-)Konstruktion der Typologie gesellschaftlicher Integration inspiriert, konnten aber den Grenzverkehr zwischen den Teilsystemen nicht angemessen erfassen. Dies gelang mit Konzepten der Handlungstheorie von Münch besser.
Ein kommunales Bildungsmanagement als Produktinnovator
Authors: Lüthi Katharina 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDas KBM tritt als Subjekt der Erziehung auf dem Feld der Kulturpolitik (GL) und als Objekt der Erziehung auf den Feldern der politischen Vereinigung (IG) und des politischen Diskurses (LG) auf. Als Vertreter des politischen Systems investiert es Durchsetzungskraft ins sozial-kulturelle System, um herkömmliche Strukturen durch zivilgesellschaftliches Engagement aufzubrechen. Es wird vom Gemeinschaftssystem mit der Erwartung adressiert, Lernen (vor Ort) nach innen in die Verwaltung und nach außen in die Bildungslandschaft zu organisieren.
An SU(5) × U(1)′ SUSY GUT with a “vector-like chiral” fourth family to fit all low energy data, including the muon g − 2
Authors: Kulkarni Harshal , Raby Stuart 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
An additional generation of quarks and leptons and their SUSY counterparts, which are vector-like under the Standard Model gauge group but are chiral with respect to the new U(1)3−4 gauge symmetry, are added to the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). We show that this model is a GUT and unifies the three SM gauge couplings and also the additional U(1)3−4 coupling at a GUT scale of ≈ 5 × 1016 GeV and explains the experimentally observed deviation of the muon g – 2. We also fit the quark flavor changing processes consistent with the latest experimental data and look at the effect of the new particles on the W boson mass without obviously conflicting with the observed masses of particles, CKM matrix elements, neutrino mixing angles, their mass differences, and the lepton-flavor violating bounds. This model predicts sparticle masses less than 25 TeV, with a gluino mass ≈ 2.3 – 3 TeV consistent with constraints, and one of the neutralinos as the LSP with a mass of ≈ 480 – 580 GeV, which is a potential dark matter candidate. The model is string theory motivated and predicts the VL quarks, leptons, a massive Z′ and two Dirac neutrinos at the TeV scale and the branching ratios of μ ⟶ eγ, τ ⟶ μγ and τ ⟶ 3μ with BR(μ ⟶ eγ) within reach of future experiments.
One Health: Eine Sichtweise des informellen ministeriellen Netzwerkes
Authors: Verbeek Luzie , Rabold Denise , Hartig Arne , Stephan Sophia , Deus Elisabeth , Otte Insa , Beutling Anne , Schollmeyer Karoline , de Coninck Pieter , Höppner Karin , Saal Kristina , Vogler Timo , Hach Lukas , Steinmetz Elke , Benner Thomas , Derksen Leonie , Militzer Nina , Probst Carolina , Teichert Ute 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungAus Sicht der Bundesregierung ist der One-Health-Ansatz ein wegweisender Kompass für ein inter- und transdisziplinäres Denken, Vernetzen und Handeln. Zum Schutz der Gesundheit von Menschen, Tieren, Pflanzen und Ökosystemen sollte er stets an all seinen Schnittstellen und in allen Aktivitäten Beachtung finden. Der One-Health-Ansatz hat in den letzten Jahren an politischer Bedeutung gewonnen und wird in verschiedenen Strategien berücksichtigt.In diesem Beitrag wird über die aktuellen Strategien mit One-Health-Ansatz berichtet. Dazu gehören u. a. die Deutsche Antibiotika-Resistenzstrategie, die Deutsche Anpassungsstrategie an den Klimawandel, die globale Initiative Nature for Health sowie das internationale Pandemieabkommen, das derzeit erarbeitet wird und in dem auch Prävention eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Die Themen Biodiversitätsverlust und Klimaschutz müssen in einen gemeinsamen Kontext gesetzt werden, der die Interdependenzen des Gesundheitszustandes von Menschen, Tieren, Pflanzen und Ökosystemen berücksichtigt. Indem relevante Disziplinen auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen selbstverständlich einbezogen werden, kann es gelingen, gemeinsam einen Beitrag zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung zu leisten, wie es die Agenda 2030 der Vereinten Nationen fordert. Diese Perspektive leitet das globale Engagement Deutschlands in der globalen Gesundheitspolitik hin zu mehr Stabilität, Freiheit, Vielfalt und Solidarität sowie Achtung der Menschenrechte – so kann ein holistischer Ansatz wie One Health zur Verwirklichung von Nachhaltigkeit und zur Stärkung demokratischer Prinzipien beitragen.
Investigating causality in the association between DNA methylation and type 2 diabetes using bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation
Authors: Juvinao-Quintero Diana L. , Sharp Gemma C. , Sanderson Eleanor C. M. , Relton Caroline L. , Elliott Hannah R. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Several studies have identified associations between type 2 diabetes and DNA methylation (DNAm). However, the causal role of these associations remains unclear. This study aimed to provide evidence for a causal relationship between DNAm and type 2 diabetes.

Methods
We used bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation (2SMR) to evaluate causality at 58 CpG sites previously detected in a meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies (meta-EWAS) of prevalent type 2 diabetes in European populations. We retrieved genetic proxies for type 2 diabetes and DNAm from the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) available. We also used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, UK) when associations of interest were not available in the larger datasets. We identified 62 independent SNPs as proxies for type 2 diabetes, and 39 methylation quantitative trait loci as proxies for 30 of the 58 type 2 diabetes-related CpGs. We applied the Bonferroni correction for multiple testing and inferred causality based on p<0.001 for the type 2 diabetes to DNAm direction and p<0.002 for the opposing DNAm to type 2 diabetes direction in the 2SMR analysis.

Results
We found strong evidence of a causal effect of DNAm at cg25536676 (DHCR24) on type 2 diabetes. An increase in transformed residuals of DNAm at this site was associated with a 43% (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.15, 1.78, p=0.001) higher risk of type 2 diabetes. We inferred a likely causal direction for the remaining CpG sites assessed. In silico analyses showed that the CpGs analysed were enriched for expression quantitative trait methylation sites (eQTMs) and for specific traits, dependent on the direction of causality predicted by the 2SMR analysis.

Conclusions/interpretation
We identified one CpG mapping to a gene related to the metabolism of lipids (DHCR24) as a novel causal biomarker for risk of type 2 diabetes. CpGs within the same gene region have previously been associated with type 2 diabetes-related traits in observational studies (BMI, waist circumference, HDL-cholesterol, insulin) and in Mendelian randomisation analyses (LDL-cholesterol). Thus, we hypothesise that our candidate CpG in DHCR24 may be a causal mediator of the association between known modifiable risk factors and type 2 diabetes. Formal causal mediation analysis should be implemented to further validate this assumption.

Graphical Abstract
Theoretical and experimental analysis of the temperature rise of a ball screw
Authors: Qiu Ya-Lan , Zhou Chang-Guang , Ou Yi , Feng Fu-Tian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe temperature rise of a ball screw is the main factor affecting machining accuracy. The traditional methods of calculation and analysis carry out coefficient fitting of known experimental data or using the formula for a friction heat source in bearing theory. However, the screw raceway parameters are ignored in the model. The variation in friction torque with temperature is not considered in the model, so it cannot be effectively applied to engineering. In this paper, the friction heat equation of the ball screw is established theoretically with the screw raceway parameter, and the friction torque is considered with the effect of temperature. A mathematical model of steady temperature and stable time is established for the effective heat source stroke section of the screw, and the temperature rise curve of the screw is fitted. The friction is divided into Coulomb friction torque and viscous friction torque. The viscosity affects viscous friction torque at low temperatures, so the variation in friction torque should be considered when calculating the temperature rise. When a specific temperature is reached, the viscous friction torque has little effect on the overall friction torque; then the ratio of temperature rises at different rotational speeds has an exponential relationship with the ratio of those speeds. The screw stability time decreases with increasing rotational speed. Twelve groups of tests are conducted to verify the theoretical analysis using two samples, two lubricating media, and three speeds. The experimental results agree well with the theory. This proves that the approach can be applied to engineering practice.
The growth of the buccal mass in Sepia officinalis: functional changes throughout ontogeny
Authors: Souquet Louise , Basuyaux Olivier , Guichard Gwendoline , Herrel Anthony , Rouget Isabelle , Evans Susan , moazen Mehran 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to their small size, juveniles are more likely to show lower absolute levels of performance leading to a potential competitive disadvantage compared to adults. Therefore, juveniles are expected to compensate by showing a higher relative performance, and/or partitioning resources to overcome this performance disadvantage. Here, we investigate the link between ontogeny and feeding performance in the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis. We explore the changes in beak shape, wear pattern, mechanical properties, muscular anatomy, and bite force during growth from 3-month post hatching to adults. We show that both upper and lower beaks present important ontogenetic shape variation in the rostrum area that might be due to wear induced by feeding. The mechanical properties of the beaks in juveniles indicate greater resistance compared to adults. Tanning observed on the beaks provides reinforcement to areas under high load during biting. In addition, muscle development and relative bite force were found to differ between cuttlefish of different ages, resulting in juveniles having a similar bite force for their size but with a muscular advantage for opening. Finally, an isometric relation is found in the bite force of S. officinalis, with no sign of feeding performance compensation in juveniles. Feeding performance thus does not reflect the ontogenetic shift from a crustacean-based diet in juveniles to a fish-based diet in adults.
Microsurgical reconstruction of the mandible part II: new classification system and algorithm
Authors: Zenha Horácio , Azevedo Marta , Vieira Rui , Costa Horácio 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Various classifications of mandibular defects have been attempted, but no universally accepted system exists. After 25 years of experience, the senior author idealized a new mandibulectomy classification which could give a more detailed anatomical description leading to a more precise algorithm for reconstruction.

Methods
A new classification of mandibular defects is proposed: class I (anterior arch), class II (body), class III (ascending ramus), class IV (hemimandibulectomy), and class V (extended mandibulectomy). Each class is further subdivided into those that preserve or resect intra- and/or extraoral soft tissues (ABCD). This classification takes in account four factors that need to be thought when planning mandibular reconstruction: location/specificity of the defect, osteotomies, and bone and soft tissue requirements.

Results
A total of 218 defects were classified according to this new classification. Nearly 40% of the cases were classified as a class I defect followed by class IV (36,7%), class II (16%), class V (6,8%), and class III (0,5%). The authors also created an algorithm for reconstruction. In cases of an “only-bone” defect, the free iliac crest flap is the preferable choice, especially in class I and IV. When intra- or extraoral soft tissue is needed (types B and C), the fibula flap is our choice of excellence. In cases of extensive defects (type D), the fibula flap and the sequentially linked flow through flap are the preferred options.

Conclusions
Optimizing mandibular defect classification with better integration of data-driven information along with clinicopathological evidences and related experience allows for better clinical judgment and choices. We believe that our new classification system and algorithm for reconstruction can be a valuable guiding tool for dealing with complex mandibular reconstruction.

Level of evidence:
Level III, therapeutic study
Paediatric Pilonidal Sinus Disease: Early Recurrences Irrespective of the Treatment Approaches in a Retrospective Multi‐centric Analysis
Authors: Maasewerd Sophie K. M. , Stefanescu Maria‐Christina , König Tatjana T. , Engels Marie N. , Rohleder Stephan , Schwind Martin , Heydweiller Andreas C. , Oetzmann von Sochaczewski Christina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundIncidences of pilonidal sinus disease are rising. Guidelines rarely consider children and adolescents and evidence for their treatment is rare. The literature is divided on the choice of the preferable surgical procedure. Therefore, we aimed to assess recurrences and complications following different treatment approaches in our multi‐centric cohort.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed all patients treated for pilonidal sinus disease in the paediatric surgical departments of Bonn and Mainz between 01/01/2009 and 31/12/2020. Recurrences were defined according to the German national guidelines. The pre‐specified analysis via logistic regression included the operative approach, age, sex, use of methylene blue, and obesity as independent predictors.ResultsWe included 213 patients, of which 13.6% experienced complications and 16% a recurrence. Median time to recurrence was 5.8 months (95% confidence interval: 4.2–10.3), which was slightly higher in children than adolescents (10.3 months, 95% confidence interval: 5.3–16.2 vs. 5.5 months, 95% confidence interval: 3.7–9.7). None of the investigated procedures, excision and primary closure, excision and open wound treatment, pit picking, and flap procedures had a decisive advantage in terms of complications or recurrence. Of the independent predictors, only obesity was associated to complications (adjusted odds ratio: 2.86, 95% confidence interval: 1.05–7.79, P = 0.04).ConclusionsWe did not find a difference between the investigated procedures, but our analysis is limited by the small sample size in some subgroups. Our data corroborates that recurrences in paediatric pilonidal sinus disease occur early. Factors linked to these differences remain unknown.
How does exposure to COVID-19 influence health and income inequality aversion?
Authors: Asaria Miqdad , Costa-Font Joan , Cowell Frank 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe study individual aversion to health and income inequality in three European countries (the United Kingdom, Germany, and Italy), its determinants and especially, the effects of exposure to three types of COVID-19 specific shocks affecting individuals’ employment status, their income and health. Next, using evidence of representative samples of the population in the UK, we compare levels of health- and income-inequality aversion in the UK between the years 2016 and 2020. We document evidence of a significant increase in inequality aversion in both income and health domains. However, we show that inequality aversion is higher in the income domain than in the health domain. Furthermore, we find that inequality aversion in both domains increases in age and education and decreases in income and risk appetite. However, people directly exposed to major health shocks during the COVID-19 pandemic generally exhibited lower levels of aversion to both income and health inequality. Finally, we show that inequality aversion was significantly higher among those exposed to higher risk of COVID-19 mortality who experienced major health shocks during the pandemic.
Extension osteotomy of the metacarpal I and ligamentoplasty of the trapeziometacarpal joint for the treatment of early-stage osteoarthritis and instability of the trapeziometacarpal joint
Authors: Honigmann Philipp , Keller Marco , Devaux-Voumard Noémie , Coppo Enrico , Sutter Damian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease of the first carpo-metacarpal (CMC I) joint. Biomechanical factors promoting OA are the shape of the CMC I-joint, being a biconcave-convex saddle joint with high mobility and the increased instability caused by joint space narrowing, ligamentous laxity, and direction of force transmission of the abductor pollicis longus (APL) tendon during adduction. The closing wedge osteotomy of the base of the first metacarpal is joint preserving treatment option. We combine this closing wedge osteotomy with a ligamentoplasty to stabilize the joint. In this manuscript, we provide a detailed description of the indication, discuss biomechanical aspects and the surgical technique in detail.
Configuration of elastin fibers in the intra- and extra-capsule ligaments of the elderly cricoarytenoid joint
Authors: Wang Qin , Li Sheng , Wang Huaqiao , Zhang Ming 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To define the localization and configuration of the elastic fibers of the cricoarytenoid ligament (CAL) and their relationship with the cricoarytenoid joint (CAJ) capsule.

Methods
Twenty-four CAJs from twelve cadavers were analyzed using Verhoeff-Van Gieson staining, and immunohistochemistry methods. This is a prospective study.

Results
The CAL was classified into two parts: an extra-capsular anterior-CAL and an intra-capsular posterior-CAL. The both parts contained rich elastic fibers. The elastic fibers of the anterior-CAL were orientated in both anterior–posterior and superior–inferior directions and under a relaxation status, whereas the elastic fibers of the posterior-CAL were arranged in a lateral–medial direction and under a taut status.

Conclusions
This study defined the fine configuration of the CAL, particularly its elastic fibers, which may help us to better understand the biomechanics of the CAJ motions, and differential diagnosis of CAJ disorders. The results of the study re-confirm that the P-CAL is the key posterior–lateral passive force to limit the mobility of the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage and stabilize the CAJ, whereas the A-CAL may protect the CAJ from an over superior–lateral–posterior motion.
Level of evidence: H/A.
Phonological similarity between words is represented in declarative memory as spatial distance
Authors: Tuena Cosimo , Di Lernia Daniele , Riva Giuseppe , Serino Silvia , Repetto Claudia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSpace can be used as a metaphor to describe semantic and perceptual similarity. Research has shown that similarity and spatial information can influence each other. On the one hand, similarity entails spatial closeness; on the other hand, proximity leads to similarity judgment. This spatial information can be stored in declarative memory and measured later on. However, it is unknown if phonological similarity/dissimilarity between words is represented as spatial closeness/distance in declarative memory. In this study, 61 young adults were tested on a remember-know (RK) spatial distance task. Participants learned noun pairs on the PC screen that were manipulated concerning their phonological similarity (similar vs. dissimilar) and reciprocal spatial distance (near vs. far). In the recognition phase, old-new, RK, and spatial distance judgments were asked. We found that for hit responses in both R and K judgments, phonologically similar word pairs were remembered closer compared to phonologically dissimilar pairs. This was also true for false alarms after K judgments. Lastly, the actual spatial distance at encoding was only retained for hit R responses. Results suggest that phonological similarity/dissimilarity is represented respectively with spatial closeness/distance and that this information is stored in the neurocognitive system of declarative memory.