bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AIDS in the era of antiretroviral therapy: Changes in incidence rates and predictors of AIDS among people living with HIV under clinical care in Germany, a cohort study 1999–2018
Authors: Pantke Annemarie , Kollan Christian , Gunsenheimer‐Bartmeyer Barbara , Jensen Björn‐Erik Ole , Stephan Christoph , Degen Olaf , Schürmann Dirk , Kurth Tobias , Bremer Viviane , Koppe Uwe ,   The HIV‐1 Seroconverter Cohort and the ClinSurv HIV Cohort
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study examined the incidence rates and predictive utility of established prognostic factors for the progression to AIDS among people living with HIV under clinical care.MethodsWe used data from two observational cohorts of people living with HIV in Germany between 1999 and 2018. The outcome measure was the first AIDS‐defining event that occurred during follow‐up. Incidence rates (IRs) per 1000 person‐years (PY) were calculated by years of follow‐up and calendar periods. We used Cox models in our prediction analyses, including CD4 count, viral load, and age at baseline to estimate the predictive performance. Additionally, we included transmission mode to examine its predictive utility.ResultsA total of 23 299 people living with HIV were included in the analyses. Of these, 1832 developed a first AIDS event during follow‐up, constituting an overall rate of 14.6/1000 PY (95% confidence interval [CI] 13.9–15.2). IRs were highest in the first year of follow‐up (45.6/1000 PY, 95% CI 42.6–48.8) and then declined continuously. IRs were highest among people living with HIV who enrolled between 1999 and 2003 (36.1/1000 PY, 95% CI 32.6–40.0). A low CD4 count, high viral load, and older age at baseline increased the likelihood of progressing to AIDS. Adding transmission mode to the models did not improve the predictive performance.ConclusionsThe rates of a first AIDS event among people living with HIV have continuously declined in Germany. Health outcomes depend on a person's CD4 count, viral load, and age but not on transmission mode. To further reduce the number of AIDS cases, the focus should be on groups more likely to present in progressed stages of their HIV infection.
Facing the future of respiratory virus surveillance: “The mosaic surveillance framework”
Authors: Mott Joshua A. , Bergeri Isabel , Lewis Hannah C. , Mounts Anthony W. , Briand Sylvie C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIt is impossible to address the many complex needs of respiratory virus surveillance with a single system. Therefore, multiple surveillance systems and complementary studies must fit together as tiles in a “mosaic” to provide a complete picture of the risk, transmission, severity, and impact of respiratory viruses of epidemic and pandemic potential. Below we present a framework (WHO Mosaic Respiratory Surveillance Framework) to assist national authorities to identify priority respiratory virus surveillance objectives and the best approaches to meet them; to develop implementation plans according to national context and resources; and to prioritize and target technical assistance and financial investments to meet most pressing needs.
Mortality patterns among COVID‐19 patients in two Saudi hospitals: Demographics, etiology, and treatment
Authors: AlGhawi Fatimah S. , AlMudarra Sami S. , Assiri Abdullah M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSaudi Arabia (SA) reported its first case of COVID‐19 on 2 March 2020. Mortality varied nationwide; by April 14, 2020, Medina had 16% of SA's total COVID‐19 cases and 40% of all COVID‐19 deaths. A team of epidemiologists investigated to identify factors impacting survival.MethodsWe reviewed medical records from two hospitals: Hospital A in Medina and Hospital B in Dammam. All patients with a registered COVID‐related death between March and May 1, 2020, were included. We collected data on demographics, chronic health conditions, clinical presentation, and treatment. We analyzed data using SPSS.ResultsWe identified 76 cases: 38 cases from each hospital. More fatalities were among non‐Saudis at Hospital A (89%) versus Hospital B (82%, p < 0.001). Hypertension prevalence was higher among cases at Hospital B (42%) versus Hospital A (21%) (p < 0.05). We found statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in symptoms at initial presentation among cases at Hospital B versus Hospital A, including body temperature (38°C vs. 37°C), heart rate (104 bpm vs. 89 bpm), and regular breathing rhythms (61% vs. 55%). Fewer cases (50%) at Hospital A received heparin versus Hospital B (97%, p‐value < 0.001).ConclusionPatients who died typically presented with more severe illnesses and were more likely to have underlying health conditions. Migrant workers may be at increased risk due to poorer baseline health and reluctance to seek care. This highlights the importance of cross‐cultural outreach to prevent deaths. Health education efforts should be multilingual and accommodate all literacy levels.
An age‐friendly residency: Geriatrician and internist perspectives on geriatric education in an internal medicine residency
Authors: Loewenthal Julia , Beltran Christine P. , Schwartz Andrea Wershof , Ramani Subha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundGeneral internists and subspecialists need skills to deliver age‐friendly care to older adults, yet a minority of Internal Medicine (IM) residency programs provide robust geriatric‐specific clinical instruction. We sought to explore internist and geriatrician perspectives regarding current strengths and weakness of geriatric education, and perceived supports, barriers, and strategies to enhance geriatric education in an IM residency program.MethodsUsing social learning theory as a conceptual framework, we conducted a needs assessment using focus groups and semi‐structured interviews with IM residency leadership and geriatricians at an academic medical center. Interviews were recorded and transcribed; thematic analysis was performed on deidentified transcripts.ResultsWe recruited faculty by e‐mail in 2021; eight geriatricians and seven internists participated (60% female, 13% Hispanic/Latino, and 73% White). Six participated in two virtual focus groups and nine participated in virtual one‐on‐one interviews. All had at least monthly teaching contact with residents and six were associate program directors. We identified five key themes: (1) professional role models, (2) personal attitudes toward aging, (3) the powerful influence of patients, (4) clinical complexity of geriatrics, and (5) branding and prestige of the field. Participants offered multiple suggestions for improvement, especially faculty development for non‐geriatrician faculty.ConclusionsGeriatric education for IM residents is impacted by multiple factors, but uniformly viewed as important. Moving forward, programs could capitalize on opportunities for closer collaboration between residency leadership, internists, and geriatricians to train the next generation of IM residency graduates to deliver age‐friendly care.
Markups, Tobin's q, and the Increasing Capital Share
Authors: KERSPIEN JACOB A. , MADSEN JAKOB B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIncreasing markups have recently gained prominence as a leading explanation for the increasing share of income going to capital since the 1980s. However, the existing analysis has been limited to the United States, covers only short periods, and generally does not control for potentially important confounders. Constructing data for the share of income going to capital and markups based on Tobin's q over the period 1870–2018 for 21 advanced countries, this research examines the ability of markups to explain the movements of income shares and the tendency for factor shares to converge toward constants in the long run. We find strong support for the markup hypothesis.
Improved collection of rooftop micrometeorites through optimized extraction methods: The Budel collection
Authors: Jonker Guido , van Elsas Roel , van der Lubbe Jeroen H. J. L. , van Westrenen Wim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe scientific value of micrometeorites collected from deep‐sea sediments or glacial deposits can be limited by poorly constrained accumulation times or severe alteration, coupled with a complex infrastructure of sampling expeditions. Collecting micrometeorites from rooftops has recently become a feasible alternative, but extraction methods have not been optimized or standardized to date. Here, we show that existing methods for the recovery of melted cosmic spherules (CSs) can be strongly improved by using a sequence of mineral separation techniques, including shape separation with an asymmetric vibrator and heavy liquid density separation with overflow centrifuges. We retrieved 1006 micrometeorites from the gutter of a barn in Budel, the Netherlands. Particle diameters are 80–515 μm, with the major mode at 130 μm and a slope exponent of −4.88. Differences in size distributions among various types of CSs indicate a multi‐source influx, with CS textures controlled by their parent body's mineralogy and orbital parameters. Repeated sampling of the rooftop after accumulation times of 959 and 333 days allows for a time‐integrated global mass flux estimate of 472 t year−1. This estimate is notably higher than previous rooftop‐based estimates but is still severely affected by micrometeorite loss from the gutter through drainage. The mass flux peaks at an equivalent particle diameter of ~200 μm. The Budel collection is the first rooftop collection to contain abundant vitreous micrometeorites and include the coarse‐grained S‐type CS class. Unmelted and I‐type micrometeorites remain difficult to extract from rooftop samples. Vitreous micrometeorites display various stages of weathering, showing that severe alteration of glass can progress at a faster rate in populated regions than previously assumed. This study demonstrates that methodological adjustments can drastically increase the scientific potential of rooftop micrometeorite collections.
Hydrogen sulfide alleviates osmotic stress‐induced root growth inhibition by promoting auxin homeostasis
Authors: Xiang Zhi‐Xin , Li Wen , Lu Ying‐Tang , Yuan Ting‐Ting 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYHydrogen sulfide (H2S) promotes plant tolerance against various environmental cues, and d‐cysteine desulfhydrase (DCD) is an enzymatic source of H2S to enhance abiotic stress resistance. However, the role of DCD‐mediated H2S production in root growth under abiotic stress remains to be further elucidated. Here, we report that DCD‐mediated H2S production alleviates osmotic stress‐mediated root growth inhibition by promoting auxin homeostasis. Osmotic stress up‐regulated DCD gene transcript and DCD protein levels and thus H2S production in roots. When subjected to osmotic stress, a dcd mutant showed more severe root growth inhibition, whereas the transgenic lines DCDox overexpressing DCD exhibited less sensitivity to osmotic stress in terms of longer root compared to the wild‐type. Moreover, osmotic stress inhibited root growth through repressing auxin signaling, whereas H2S treatment significantly alleviated osmotic stress‐mediated inhibition of auxin. Under osmotic stress, auxin accumulation was increased in DCDox but decreased in dcd mutant. H2S promoted auxin biosynthesis gene expression and auxin efflux carrier PIN‐FORMED 1 (PIN1) protein level under osmotic stress. Taken together, our results reveal that mannitol‐induced DCD and H2S in roots promote auxin homeostasis, contributing to alleviating the inhibition of root growth under osmotic stress.
Morphological and ultrastructural study of the palpebral conjunctiva of healthy domestic cats
Authors: Ricci Cláudia L. , Araújo Rosélia L. S. , Passareli João V. G. C. , Estanho Giovana J. G. , Alves Débora S. , Nai Gisele A. , Andrade Silvia F. , Corrêa José R. , Galera Paula D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the morphology of the meibomian glands and goblet cells in the palpebral conjunctiva of healthy cats.Animals studiedFive healthy domestic cats without ocular changes that had died from causes unrelated to the study were evaluated.ProceduresForty samples were collected from upper and lower palpebral conjunctiva and 20 from palpebral fornix region in the nasal corner. The samples were processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and histopathology.ResultsIn the SEM analysis of the palpebral fornix, numerous points of mucous extrusion between the cell junctions were visualized, along with the presence of microvilli in the apical portions with small secretory vesicles. A homogeneous surface was highlighted, formed by the arrangement of cell contours in the form of hexagons. The grouping of goblet cells and their cytoplasmic vesicles filled with homogeneous content was visualized using TEM. Histopathology showed goblet cells interspersed with stratified epithelium accompanied by well‐vascularized connective tissue. In the samples stained with hematoxylin and eosin, the meibomian glands, formed by acinar cells and with the presence of individual openings of the ducts in the eyelid margin, were easily visualized in the eyelid margins.ConclusionsThis study describes the ultrastructural form of goblet cells and the morphology of the palpebral conjunctiva of healthy cats by the histopathology of the meibomian glands. This description can serve as a parameter of normality and aid in the detection of morphological alterations in these structures, as well as a parameter for comparison with other animal species.
Effects and mitigation of poor water quality on herbicide performance: A review
Authors: Mirzaei Mahnaz , Zand Eskandar , Rastgoo Mehdi , Hasanfard Alireza , Kudsk Per 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSpray water quality parameters such as hardness, pH, alkalinity, turbidity, and total dissolved solids (TDS) can influence the performance of herbicides. Polyvalent cations found in hard water can reduce the efficacy of post‐emergence herbicides that are weak acids. Various approaches have been proposed to mitigate the negative effects of spray water properties on herbicide performance. Water conditioning adjuvants are designed for overcoming the adverse effects of hard water. One group of adjuvants are nitrogen containing compounds such as ammonium sulfate (AMS). The ability of AMS to overcome hard water antagonism is well‐documented but the positive effect of other ammonium compounds are variable and depend on herbicides and weed species. Other adjuvant groups that can overcome effects of poor spray quality are ethoxylated amine surfactants, organic acids and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Water quality is poor in many parts of the world, and accordingly, the study of water property effects on herbicide performance is needed to optimize use, and prevent overuse, of herbicides.
Tropical F$F$‐polynomials and general presentations
Authors: Fei Jiarui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe introduce the tropical ‐polynomial of a quiver representation . We study its interplay with the general presentation for any finite‐dimensional basic algebra. We give an interpretation of evaluating at a weight vector. As a consequence, we give a presentation of the Newton polytope of . We study the dual fan and 1‐skeleton of . We propose an algorithm to determine the generic Newton polytopes, and show that it works for path algebras. As an application, we give a representation‐theoretic interpretation of Fock–Goncharov's duality pairing. We give an explicit construction of dual clusters, which consists of real Schur representations. We specialize the above general results to the cluster‐finite algebras and the preprojective algebras of Dynkin type.
Cowpea Yield Under Water Stress Scenarios
Authors: Ferreira Francisco Edson Paulo , Silva Vicente de Paulo Rodrigues da , Silva Madson Tavares , Dantas Sílvia Maria 
Published: March 2023

Cowpea is considered a subsistence crop, so it is generally cultivated by family farming in the rainy season and, outside this season, with the aid of irrigation. Its yield is reduced if there is water stress due to the lack of rainfall or irrigation water. Objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of water stress in the rainy and dry seasons on grain yield, biomass, harvest index and water use efficiency in the ‘Costela de Vaca’ cowpea variety cultivated in no-tillage system using crop residues present in the experimental area. Experimental design used was randomized blocks, in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme (cropping season x water stress), with four replicates. Treatments consisted of two cropping seasons (rainy and dry) and five forms of water stress (without water stress, water suspension for 5, 10 and 15 days, and rainfed cultivation). Biomass was the only parameter influenced by the cropping season versus water stress interaction. Regardless of the cowpea cropping season, water stress reduced grain yield and biomass. Harvest index showed no sensitivity to water stress and cropping season. Water use efficiency was influenced by the cropping season. Soil cover promoted maintenance of soil moisture during cowpea cultivation in both periods.
Supplemental Material: Late Cretaceous tectonothermal events of the Gangdese belt, southern Tibet
Authors: Ma Xuxuan , al. et 
Published: March 2023

<p>Ar-Ar dating results of mylonite, zircon U-Pb dating results of granites, and detrital zircon U-Pb dating results of Shexing Formation sandstone, as well as magmatic and detrital zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes from many other published papers. Includes additional figures, as well as detailed analytical methods. </p>
8 Xenon is neuroprotective, improves outcome and promotes beneficial early neuroinflammation in a rat model of severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Campos-Pires Rita , Onggradito Haldis , Ujvari Eszter , Karimi Shughoofa , Valeo Flavia , Aldhoun Jitka , Edge Christopher J , Franks Nicholas P , Dickinson Robert 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionTraumatic brain injury (TBI) affects both young and elderly populations and results in a significant global healthcare burden. TBI patients often suffer from costly long-term neurological and cognitive problems that reduce quality of life and ability to work, including motor deficits, gait abnormalities, memory impairments and anxiety. Current clinical practice for TBI is largely supportive, centred on non-specific endpoints such as management of tissue oxygenation, cerebral perfusion pressure and intracranial pressure. At present there are no clinically validated drug treatments aimed specifically at preventing neuronal loss following TBI. Xenon is a noble gas used medically as a general anaesthetic and in MRI imaging. We previously showed xenon-treatment improves short and long-term outcomes, prevents late-onset cognitive impairments and improves survival after moderate TBI in mice. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of xenon in a second species, rats, and in a severe injury model.MethodAdult male Sprague Dawley rats (N=22) underwent controlled cortical impact (CCI) brain trauma or sham surgery. Animals were randomised to receive either 50%Xe:25%O2:25%N2 or 75%N2:25%O2. Locomotor function (CatwalkXT) and histological outcomes [lesion volume, neuronal cell count (NeuN), microglia (Iba1) and astrocytes (GFAP)] were assessed by blinded observers.ResultsThe xenon-treated group exhibited a reduction in locomotor deficits. Lesion volume was reduced in the xenon-treated group. Xenon-treatment resulted in preservation of neurons in cortical and subcortical regions that was associated with increases in numbers of resting microglia and reactive astrocytes.ConclusionWe show xenon is neuroprotective after severe TBI in rats. Functional improvement and neuronal preservation was associated with a xenon-induced enhancement of resting microglial cell numbers and astrocyte activation. These findings are consistent with a role for early beneficial neuroinflammation in xenon’s neuroprotective effect. Xenon may be of benefit in the treatment of clinical brain trauma.
Traces of the new $$a_0(1780)$$ resonance in the $$J/\psi \rightarrow \phi K^+K^-(K^0\bar{K}^0)$$ reaction
Authors: Abreu Luciano M. , Wang Wen-Fei , Oset Eulogio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe study the $$J/\psi \rightarrow \phi K \bar{K}$$

J
/
ψ
→
ϕ
K

K

¯

decay, looking for differences in the production rates of $$K^+ K^-$$

K
+

K
-

or $$K^0 \bar{K}^0$$

K
0

K

¯

0

in the region of 1700–1800 MeV, where two resonances appear dynamically generated from the vector-vector interaction. Two resonances are known experimentally in that region, the $$f_0(1710)$$

f
0

(
1710
)

and a new resonance reported by the BABAR and BESIII collaborations. The $$K \bar{K}$$

K

K

¯

should be produced with $$I=0$$

I
=
0

in that reaction, but due to the different $$K^{*0}$$

K

∗
0

and $$K^{*+}$$

K

∗
+

masses some isospin violation appears. Yet, due to the large width of the $$K^*$$

K
∗

, the violation obtained is very small and the rates of $$K^+ K^-$$

K
+

K
-

or $$K^0 \bar{K}^0$$

K
0

K

¯

0

production are equal within $$5\%$$

5
%

. However, we also find that due to the step needed to convert two vectors into $$K \bar{K}$$

K

K

¯

, a shape can appear in the $$K \bar{K}$$

K

K

¯

mass distribution that can mimic the $$a_0$$

a
0

production around the $$K^* \bar{K}^*$$

K
∗

K

¯

∗

threshold, and is simply a threshold effect.
Research and Application of Optimization Technology for High-Efficiency Fracturing and Packing Parameters of Unconsolidated Sandstone
Authors: Sun Liwei 
Published: March 2023

The fracturing and filling technology is expected to meet the dual needs of production stimulation and sand control of unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs, but there is no clear guiding method for the optimization of construction parameters, which hinders its efficient development. In order to study the optimization technology of high-efficiency fracturing and packing parameters in loose sandstone, this paper takes a loose sandstone reservoir in Liaohe Oilfield as the research object and firstly studies the fracture initiation and extension laws of loose sandstone fracturing based on really well and formation data and takes this as a physical. The model explores the migration law of proppant under different working conditions. Research shows that (a) the layered fracturing is more likely to form a fracture shape that meets the dual needs of filling and production enhancement. (b) Increasing the viscosity of the sand-carrying fluid is conducive to the migration of proppant to the far end, and increasing the sand ratio will make the proppant more easily suspended in the fracture, but it is not conducive to remote migration. (c) Taking “increasing viscosity + increasing sand ratio in a small range” as the optimization idea, the ideal filling parameters are preferably 85 mPa∙s

sand
−
carrying

fluid

viscosity
+
15
%
sand

ratio

. The field application results show that the daily oil production of three wells after adopting this optimization method is 2.5-3.4 times higher than that of the adjacent wells at the initial stage of production and after stable production.