bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thai stakeholders’ awareness and perceptions of the patient adverse event reporting system for herbal medicines: a qualitative study
Authors: Worakunphanich Wiwan , Suwankesawong Wimon , Youngkong Sitaporn , Thavorncharoensap Montarat , Anderson Claire , Toh Li Shean 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
In Thailand, the consumption of herbal medicines has been increasing. Adverse events (AEs) of herbal medicines have been identified through the spontaneous reporting system. However, the number of patients reporting AEs of herbal medicines remains limited.

Aim
To explore the awareness and perceptions about the patient reporting system and to explore attitudes towards safety of herbal medicines, experiences, and intention to report AEs of herbal medicines.

Method
Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with stakeholders (patients, community pharmacists, village health volunteers, and consumers who had experienced submitting a complaint about health products to the Consumers Foundation). Additionally, a focus group discussion was held with stakeholders (academics, herbal medicine manufacturers, healthcare professionals, policy maker who was responsible for promoting the use of herbal medicines, pharmacovigilance staff, patient, and representative from patient organisations). The data were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
Fifty participants were interviewed and the focus group discussion included 12 participants. Patients had positive attitudes towards the safety of herbal medicines. Lack of awareness of the patient reporting system was identified. Nevertheless, all stakeholders acknowledged the importance of the safety monitoring of herbal medicines and indicated a willingness to report AEs via the patient reporting system in the future. A simple reporting system, a variety of reporting channels, the provision of feedback, and providing rewards would motivate patients to report AEs.

Conclusion
Although there is a lack of awareness, this provides a great opportunity to improve patient AE reporting system for herbal medicines in Thailand.
Randomized Trial of a Sexual Health Video Intervention for Black and Hispanic Adolescent Females
Authors: Jenner Eric , Walsh Sarah , Henley Catherine , Demby Hilary , Leger Rebekah , Falk Gretchen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDespite significant declines, adolescent birth rates in the USA are higher than other industrialized countries, with black and Hispanic youth disproportionately affected. This study assessed the efficacy of a single-session, entertainment-education sexual health video intervention for these populations. Using an individual-level randomized controlled trial, 1770 18- to 19-year-old black and Hispanic females were assigned to watch Plan A (n = 886) or a control video (n = 884) prior to a sexual reproductive health (SRH) visit. Participants self-reported data at baseline and 3 months post-baseline. Within an intent-to-treat framework, we estimated the average causal effect of assignment to Plan A on three confirmatory and five exploratory outcomes. We found that individuals assigned to Plan A had higher contraceptive knowledge, may be more likely to get sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing, and may have elevated HIV/STI risk perceptions 3 months post-video. Although we found no difference in long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) use nor frequency of condomless sex in the full sample, we did observe that first-time SRH visitors assigned to Plan A had a higher probability of using LARC than those in the control group. This study demonstrates that Plan A is a low-burden, inexpensive, and highly scalable video intervention for black and Hispanic adolescent females that has significant and borderline significant effects on protective sexual health behaviors and important antecedents. It adds to the evidence base of effective teen pregnancy prevention programs and the limited set of rigorous and causal studies investigating the effectiveness of entertainment-education interventions on sexual risk reduction. Registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03238313) on August 3, 2017.
Microtargeting, Dogwhistles, and Deliberative Democracy
Authors: Howdle Giles 
Published: February 2023

Abstract‘Dogwhistles’ and microtargeted political advertisements are objects of widespread moral and political concern. With a few notable exceptions in the case of dogwhistles (and none in the case of microtargeting) moral criticism of these speech act types generally focuses on problematiccontent—that a dogwhistle is, for instance, racist, or a microtargeted advertisement misleading. I argue that these practices areadditionallymorally wrongful on content-neutral grounds—regardless of their content. My argument proceeds from a deliberative conception of democracy according to which only a vote which follows from anadequate deliberative processconfers democratic legitimacy on its results. I claim that both dogwhistles and microtargeting threaten to prevent adequate democratic deliberation from taking place, and therefore that these practices are anti-democratic and, additionally, morally impermissible. I then discuss potential objections and how my argument relates to existing work.
An anisotropic damage–permeability model for hydraulic fracturing in hard rock
Authors: Liao Jianxing , Wang Hong , Mehmood Faisal , Cheng Cao , Hou Zhengmeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHydraulic fracturing is the most efficient method to exploit valued geothermal energy trapped in low-permeable hard rock, e.g. granite. Most research on the hydraulic fracturing has focused on its application in shale gas and oil. However, the hydraulic fracturing performs differently in geothermal reservoir, as the rock properties are quite different. In this work, an anisotropic damage–permeability model is developed on the fundament of continuum theory to study the hydraulic fracturing of hard rock in geothermal reservoir. The plastic-hardening and damage-softening behaviours are considered in this model. A cubic law is adopted to characterize the damage enhanced permeability. Its directional information is converted from damage tensor, while the effect of compression stress on permeability is isotropic and characterized by an impact factor. The newly developed model is calibrated and validated by a series of stress–strain curve, damage and axial permeability from triaxial tests on granite. In the application to cyclic fracturing test at Aspö Hard Rock Laboratory, the capacity of newly developed model is proven by good matching of measured injection pressure, permeability, etc. The results show clearly that the fracture is mostly activated by tensile failure in this case. Moreover, the stimulated fracture will be closed during flow back and re-activated in subsequent re-fracturing. If the fracture from previous fracturing is not re-activated completely, no new fractures will be created in current re-fracturing, and the damage amasses continuously due to repeated re-activation of closed fracture during re-fracturing.
Brain water content in sudden unexpected infant death
Authors: Eidahl Johanna Marie Lundesgaard , Rognum Torleiv Ole , Stray-Pedersen Arne , Opdal Siri Hauge 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe extensive and rapid development of the human brain during the first years of life complicates the postmortem diagnosis of brain edema in infancy. The aim of this study was to describe brain water content, the brain weight/body weight ratio, and the brain weight/head circumference ratio throughout the first years of life. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between these parameters and rs2075575 in the AQP4 gene. Our hypothesis was that dysregulated water homeostasis might be a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), which may be reflected by increased water content in the brain. The study included 90 subjects with sudden unexpected death < 4 years of age: 22 cases of sudden infant death syndrome, 11 cases of sudden unexplained death in childhood, 47 cases of death due to disease, and 10 cases of accident/violent death. Brain water content, brain weight/body weight ratio, and brain weight/head circumference ratio were investigated according to corrected age, diagnosis group, attempt to resuscitate, and presence of brain edema. We found that brain water content and brain weight/body weight ratio were significantly reduced with increasing age, while brain weight/head circumference were increased. Brain weight/head circumference was correlated with brain water content. Cases with brain edema had a significantly higher brain weight/head circumference than the non-edematous cases. No differences were found between the diagnosis groups for any of the investigated parameters. In summary, the findings contribute to the current body of knowledge regarding brain growth during the first months of life.
Mechanism of Molecular Activity of Yolkin—a Polypeptide Complex Derived from Hen Egg Yolk—in PC12 Cells and Immortalized Hippocampal Precursor Cells H19-7
Authors: Kazana Wioletta , Jakubczyk Dominika , Siednienko Jakub , Zambrowicz Aleksandra , Macała Józefa , Zabłocka Agnieszka 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFood-derived bioactive peptides able to regulate neuronal function have been intensively searched and studied for their potential therapeutic application. Our previous study showed that a polypeptide complex yolkin, isolated from hen egg yolk as a fraction accompanying immunoglobulin Y (IgY), improved memory and cognitive functions in rats. However, the mechanism activated by the yolkin is not explained. The goal of the present study was to examine what molecular mechanism regulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression is activated by the yolkin complex, using in vitro models of PC12 cell line and fetal rat hippocampal cell line H19-7. It was shown that yolkin increased the proliferative activity of rat hippocampal precursor cells H19-7 cells and upregulated the expression/production of BDNF in a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-response element-binding protein (CREB)-dependent manner. Additionally the upregulation of carboxypeptidase E/neurotrophic factor–α1 (CPE/(NF-α1) expression was shown. It was also determined that upregulation of CREB phosphorylation by yolkin is dependent on cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) and phosphoinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway activation. Moreover, the impact of yolkin on the level of intracellular Ca2+, nitric oxide, and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK 1/2 kinase) was excluded. These results emphasize that yolkin can act comprehensively and in many directions and may participate in the regulation of neurons’ survival and activity. Therefore, it seems that the yolkin specimen can be used in the future as a safe, bioavailable, natural nutraceutical helping to improve the cognition of older people.
Optimal portfolios with sustainable assets: aspects for life insurers
Authors: Korn Ralf , Nurkanovic Ajla 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSince August 2022 customers have to be asked if they are interested in sustainable investment when entering a pension contract. Hence, the provider has to be prepared to offer suitable investment opportunities. Further, the provider has to manage the new risks and chances of those assets in the whole portfolio. We therefore especially look at possible consequences for optimal portfolio decisions of a life insurer and suggest modeling approaches for the evolution of the demand and the sustainability ratings for sustainable assets. We will solve various portfolio problems under sustainability constraints explicitly and suggest further research topics. As a special feature for a life insurer, we particularly look at the role of the actuarial reserve fund and the annual declaration of its return.
Tribochemical synthesis of functionalized covalent organic frameworks for anti-wear and friction reduction
Authors: Zhang Xiaozhi , Lu Qi , Yan Yaojie , Zhang Tingting , Liu Shujuan , Cai Meirong , Ye Qian , Zhou Feng , Liu Weimin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTribochemistry can be defined as a field dealing with the chemical reactions occurring in the friction zone, capable of catalyzing mechanical and physico-chemical changes in the friction contact area, facilitating the formation of tribo-films, which is also an efficient approach to fabricate novel innovative materials. In this paper, we report the successful synthesis of the silicon oil (SO)-functionalized covalent organic frameworks (COFs) prepared via the tribochemical method when subjected to the reciprocating friction; during the friction process, the rich aldehyde-terminated COFs can bond with amino SO via the Schiff base reaction between aldehyde group and amino group to obtain the desired functionalized COFs (SO@COF-LZU1). The tribochemical reaction progress was tracked through in-situ monitoring of the friction coefficient and the operating conditions during the entire friction process. Noticeably, the friction coefficient continued to decrease until it finally stabilized as the reaction progressed, which revealed the formation of a protective tribo-film. Herein, an approximate tribochemical model was presented, wherein the reaction mechanism was investigated and analyzed by employing structural analysis techniques like magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, the tribochemical-induced SO@COF-LZU1 exhibited remarkable tribological performance with a low friction coefficient of 0.1 and 95.5% reduction in wear volume when used as additives of 500SN base oil. The prime focus of our research was on the preparation and functionalization of COF materials via tribochemical reactions, unraveling a new avenue for the rational design and preparation of functional materials.
Cause meno frequenti di aumento del TSH
Authors: Dell’Acqua Marco , Persani Luca 
Published: February 2023

SommarioLa misurazione del TSH circolante rappresenta il marcatore più solido e accurato nella valutazione delle disfunzioni tiroidee, capace di rivelare anche disfunzioni tiroidee lievi o subcliniche. Per questo motivo, diverse linee guida e società scientifiche raccomandano la strategia del TSH riflesso per il depistaggio delle disfunzioni tiroidee nella popolazione. Tale raccomandazione è stata recepita largamente da diverse amministrazioni sanitarie nazionali e regionali. L’ipotiroidismo primario di origine autoimmune rappresenta la forma di disfunzione tiroidea largamente più frequente nella popolazione e si accompagna classicamente a variabili elevazioni del TSH. Questa rassegna illustra alcune delle cause meno frequenti di aumento del TSH circolante (interferenze analitiche, come il macroTSH, resistenza al TSH, ipotiroidismo da consumo, refrattarietà al trattamento sostitutivo) evidenziando quando sospettarne la presenza, come diagnosticarle e le insidie che possono rappresentare nel trattamento dei pazienti affetti.
Stability criteria for Bayesian calibration of reservoir sedimentation models
Authors: Mouris Kilian , Acuna Espinoza Eduardo , Schwindt Sebastian , Mohammadi Farid , Haun Stefan , Wieprecht Silke , Oladyshkin Sergey 
Published: February 2023

AbstractModeling reservoir sedimentation is particularly challenging due to the simultaneous simulation of shallow shores, tributary deltas, and deep waters. The shallow upstream parts of reservoirs, where deltaic avulsion and erosion processes occur, compete with the validity of modeling assumptions used to simulate the deposition of fine sediments in deep waters. We investigate how complex numerical models can be calibrated to accurately predict reservoir sedimentation in the presence of competing model simplifications and identify the importance of calibration parameters for prioritization in measurement campaigns. This study applies Bayesian calibration, a supervised learning technique using surrogate-assisted Bayesian inversion with a Gaussian Process Emulator to calibrate a two-dimensional (2d) hydro-morphodynamic model for simulating sedimentation processes in a reservoir in Albania. Four calibration parameters were fitted to obtain the statistically best possible simulation of bed level changes between 2016 and 2019 through two differently constraining data scenarios. One scenario included measurements from the entire upstream half of the reservoir. Another scenario only included measurements in the geospatially valid range of the numerical model. Model accuracy parameters, Bayesian model evidence, and the variability of the four calibration parameters indicate that Bayesian calibration only converges toward physically meaningful parameter combinations when the calibration nodes are in the valid range of the numerical model. The Bayesian approach also allowed for a comparison of multiple parameters and found that the dry bulk density of the deposited sediments is the most important factor for calibration.
Networks of climate change: connecting causes and consequences
Authors: Holme Petter , Rocha Juan C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the causes and consequences of, and devising countermeasures to, global warming is a profoundly complex problem. Network representations are sometimes the only way forward, and sometimes able to reduce the complexity of the original problem. Networks are both necessary and natural elements of climate science. Furthermore, networks form a mathematical foundation for a multitude of computational and analytical techniques. We are only beginning to see the benefits of this connection between the sciences of climate change and network science. In this review, we cover the wide spectrum of network applications in the climate-change literature—what they represent, how they are analyzed, and what insights they bring. We also discuss network data, tools, and problems yet to be explored.
Update of sentinel lymph node mapping assessment in endometrial cancer
Authors: Kim Se Ik , Kim Jae-Weon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEndometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in developed countries. Pathologic confirmation of lymph node metastasis is important for risk stratification and the administration of adjuvant treatments. Therefore, comprehensive, systematic lymphadenectomy has been routinely performed but has been associated with various morbidities. Meanwhile, the concept of sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping and biopsy has emerged and is now accepted as an alternative to conventional systematic lymphadenectomy in early-stage endometrial cancer. For better management of endometrial cancer, we conducted a literature review to summarize the role and diagnostic accuracy of the SLN mapping strategy in endometrial cancer. Evidence from the monumental and recent literature and ongoing clinical trials will be introduced.
Coevolutionary strategies at the collective level for improved generalism
Authors: Grudniewski Przemyslaw Andrzej , Sobey Adam James 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In many complex practical optimization cases, the dominant characteristics of the problem are often not known prior. Therefore, there is a need to develop general solvers as it is not always possible to tailor a specialized approach to each application. The previously developed multilevel selection genetic algorithm (MLSGA) already shows good performance on a range of problems due to its diversity-first approach, which is rare among evolutionary algorithms. To increase the generality of its performance, this paper proposes utilization of multiple distinct evolutionary strategies simultaneously, similarly to algorithm selection, but with coevolutionary mechanisms between the subpopulations. This distinctive approach to coevolution provides less regular communication between subpopulations with competition between collectives rather than individuals. This encourages the collectives to act more independently creating a unique subregional search, leading to the development of coevolutionary MLSGA (cMLSGA). To test this methodology, nine genetic algorithms are selected to generate several variants of cMLSGA, which incorporates these approaches at the individual level. The mechanisms are tested on 100 different functions and benchmarked against the 9 state-of-the-art competitors to evaluate the generality of each approach. The results show that the diversity divergence in the principles of working of the selected coevolutionary approaches is more important than their individual performances. The proposed methodology has the most uniform performance on the divergent problem types, from across the tested state of the art, leading to an algorithm more likely to solve complex problems with limited knowledge about the search space, but is outperformed by more specialized solvers on simpler benchmarking studies.
Treatment of pancreatic cancer in 2022
Authors: Casolino Raffaella , Biankin Andrew V. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is usually diagnosed at an advanced, incurable, stage and has an extremely poor prognosis. Systemic chemotherapy represents the standard treatment either in the pre-operative, adjuvant and palliative setting, which is associated with only modest improvement in survival. More recently, advances in cancer genomic sequencing have unravelled the molecular heterogeneity of PDAC and identified small patient subgroups harbouring unique actionable aberrations in BRCA, NTRK, NRG1 and mismatch repair genes paving the way to a more personalised approach for this tumour. However, the evolution of PDAC treatment towards a successful precision approach presents many challenges. In this review, we discuss the current standard treatments of PDAC, from early stage to advanced disease, and we illustrate the opportunities and challenges of precision medicine for this deadly cancer.
Analyze the attentive and bypass bias: mock vignette checks in survey experiments
Authors: Kane John V. , Velez Yamil R. , Barabas Jason 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRespondent inattentiveness threatens to undermine causal inferences in survey-based experiments. Unfortunately, existing attention checks may induce bias while diagnosing potential problems. As an alternative, we propose “mock vignette checks” (MVCs), which are objective questions that follow short policy-related passages. Importantly, all subjects view the same vignette before the focal experiment, resulting in a common set of pre-treatment attentiveness measures. Thus, interacting MVCs with treatment indicators permits unbiased hypothesis tests despite substantial inattentiveness. In replications of several experiments with national samples, we find that MVC performance is significantly predictive of stronger treatment effects, and slightly outperforms rival measures of attentiveness, without significantly altering treatment effects. Finally, the MVCs tested here are reliable, interchangeable, and largely uncorrelated with political and socio-demographic variables.
SAMPLE PREPARATION METHODS USED AT THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY RADIOCARBON FACILITY
Authors: Wood R E , Esmay R , Usher E , Fallon S J 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTThe Single Stage AMS radiocarbon facility at the Australian National University has operated for the past 14 years. This paper presents the pretreatment methods used for the major sample types dated and reflects on whether quality assurance protocols can adequately detect altered materials. The majority of fossil samples dated by the facility are from tropical and arid environments where diagenesis of both organic samples and carbonates is often severe. A large proportion of the samples submitted cannot be dated, and screening and quality assurance methods are crucial. Based on analysis of 250 measurements on bone collagen, quality assurance indicators for bone are revised. From May 2021, the laboratory has accepted dates on collagen where yield >0.5%, %C is in the range of 39.7–46.9, and the C:N ratio is between 3.00 and 3.30.