bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bridging structural MRI with cognitive function for individual level classification of early psychosis via deep learning
Authors: Wen Yang , Zhou Chuan , Chen Leiting , Deng Yu , Cleusix Martine , Jenni Raoul , Conus Philippe , Do Kim Q. , Xin Lijing 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionRecent efforts have been made to apply machine learning and deep learning approaches to the automated classification of schizophrenia using structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) at the individual level. However, these approaches are less accurate on early psychosis (EP) since there are mild structural brain changes at early stage. As cognitive impairments is one main feature in psychosis, in this study we apply a multi-task deep learning framework using sMRI with inclusion of cognitive assessment to facilitate the classification of patients with EP from healthy individuals.MethodUnlike previous studies, we used sMRI as the direct input to perform EP classifications and cognitive estimations. The proposed deep learning model does not require time-consuming volumetric or surface based analysis and can provide additionally cognition predictions. Experiments were conducted on an in-house data set with 77 subjects and a public ABCD HCP-EP data set with 164 subjects.ResultsWe achieved 74.9 ± 4.3% five-fold cross-validated accuracy and an area under the curve of 71.1 ± 4.1% on EP classification with the inclusion of cognitive estimations.DiscussionWe reveal the feasibility of automated cognitive estimation using sMRI by deep learning models, and also demonstrate the implicit adoption of cognitive measures as additional information to facilitate EP classifications from healthy controls.
Reduced left dorsolateral prefrontal activation in problematic smartphone users during the Stroop task: An fNIRS study
Authors: Xiang Ming-Qiang , Lin Long- , Song Yun-Ting , Hu Min , Hou Xiao-Hui 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe widespread use of smartphones has triggered concern over problematic smartphone use (PSPU), as well as the need to elucidate its underlying mechanisms. However, the correlation between cortical activation and deficient inhibitory control in PSPU remains unclear.MethodsThis study examined inhibitory control using the color–word matching Stroop task and its cortical-activation responses using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in college students with PSPU (n = 56) compared with a control group (n = 54).ResultsAt the behavioral level, Stroop interference, coupled with reaction time, was significantly greater in the PSPU group than in the control group. Changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) signals associated with Stroop interference were significantly increased in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, left frontopolar area, and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Moreover, the PSPU group had lower Oxy-Hb signal changes associated with Stroop interference in the left-DLPFC, relative to controls.DiscussionThese results provide first behavioral and neuroscientific evidence using event-related fNIRS method, to our knowledge, that college students with PSPU may have a deficit in inhibitory control associated with lower cortical activation in the left-DLPFC.
Examining influencer compliance with advertising regulations in branded vaping content on Instagram
Authors: Silver Nathan A. , Bertrand Adrian , Kucherlapaty Padmini , Schillo Barbara A. 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundYouth and young adults are exposed to vaping advertisements on social media sites, despite regulations and guidelines intended to reduce the prevalence of such content on these platforms. This research uses replicable criteria to identify vaping influencers who have worked with vaping brands to promote vaping products on Instagram and documents the extent to which posts by these users comply with existing advertising regulations.MethodologyWe conducted three google searches collecting eight different vaping influencer lists, with a total of 575 unique influencers. We limited our sample to public accounts with 100,000 followers or more (n = 54). An initial sample of 360 Instagram posts was used to identify an analytic sample of 262 vape-related posts from 2021. We conducted a conceptual content analysis to first identify unambiguous vaping advertisements (branded content), and then code ads for compliance with existing regulations.ResultsOn average, the 54 Instagram accounts had 265,851.9 followers (sd = 383,349.8) and 4,158 posts (sd = 7,302.1). Most posts featured vaping products 239 (91.2%), with 186 (76.2%) posts being unambiguously branded vape advertisements and 31 (14.3%) even including purchase links in the post itself. However, one post complied with FTC disclosure guidelines. Although 50 (20.9%) had warning labels, only 8 (15.1%) were fully compliant with FDA warning label guidelines.DiscussionFindings demonstrate minimal compliance with existing regulations among influencers known to have financial relationships with vaping brands. Most influencer posts are unambiguous, branded, vaping advertisements. Implications for barriers to regulating influencer content and the need for greater enforcement resources are discussed.
Risk factors of lower respiratory tract infection caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Wang Yizhi , Rong Hechen , Guo Zhonghong , Xu Jie , Huang Xiaoping 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the risk factors of lower respiratory tract infection caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia for better clinical treatment.MethodsPubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China Journal full-text Database (CNKI), Wanfang Database (WanFang Data), VIP (VIP), and China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) were selected and published by June 2022 about the risk factors of lower respiratory tract infection of S. maltophilia. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and quality evaluation according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RevMan 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 18 articles were included, including 10 in English and 8 in Chinese. Meta analysis showed that the risk factors of lower respiratory tract infection caused by S. maltophilia included disease severity, hospitalization days, use of glucocorticoids, invasive procedures, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and use of more than 3 Antibiotics. The OR values of patients with hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, use of more than 3 Antibiotics, endotracheal intubation and tracheotomy were the highest. Specific hospitalization days (OR = 14.56, 95% CI: 6.12~23.01), mechanical ventilation (OR = 14.16, 95% CI: 5.85~34.3), use of more than 3 Antibiotics (OR = 6.21, 95% CI: 1.24~31.14), tracheal intubation (OR = 6.07, 95% CI: 1.97~3.64), tracheotomy (OR = 3.77, 95% CI: 1.09~13.04).ConclusionThere are many risk factors for lower respiratory tract infection of S. maltophilia, which can occur in patients with severe illness, high APACHE-II score, invasive procedures, and the need for broad-spectrum antibiotics. In terms of the host, these patients are characterized by impaired immune function, severe illness and long-term hospitalization, which objectively leads to the infection of S. maltophilia. Therefore, strengthening the monitoring, prevention and control of patients with risk factors of S. maltophilia infection is conducive to reducing the risk of infection and death.
Policy implementation challenges and the ritualization of public health emergency plans: An investigation of urban communities in Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wang Chengli , Li Changgui , Xiong Yachao 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has been a global public health emergency, and countries worldwide have responded to it through a vast array of pre-planned, adaptively devised and ad-hoc measures. In China, public health emergency plans - the plans expected to drive the response to epidemics or pandemics - demonstrated a concerning tendency towards “ritualization.” “Ritualization” denotes the practice of public health emergency plans to be reliably developed so that a formal requirement is met, while being implemented selectively or not at all in the emergency response.MethodsThis study explored the phenomenon of ritualization by analyzing data from 1485 questionnaires, 60 in-depth interviews and 85 actual public health emergency plans. It used the Smith Policy-Implementation-Processing pattern as its conceptual framework.ResultsThe study found that the infeasibility of plans, their ineffective implementation by emergency management agencies, the obstructive behaviors of community residents, and the lack of an appropriate policy environment all contributed to the practice of ritualization.DiscussionAs China seeks to better respond to COVID-19 and accelerate the recovery of its health system, it is essential to ensure that its public health emergency plans are effectively developed and implemented.
Development and validation of the regarding infection prevention and control among environmental service workers on knowledge, attitudes, practise, and experience questionnaire
Authors: Chen Xiaohang , Zhang Pan , Zhang Ruhan , Li Shuting , Cao Rui , Hu Fen , Jin Ying-Hui , Lin Likai , Cai Lin , Feng Bilong , Zhang Chunhua , Wang Xinghuan 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThis study aimed to develop and test the validity and reliability of the Knowledge, Attitudes, Practise, and Experience regarding Infection Prevention and Control-associated Questionnaire for environmental service workers.DesignThis study was a development and validation study of a questionnaire using multiple methods, including literature review, questionnaire survey, and Delphi technique.MethodsPhase I of the study entailed the development of items through an extensive literature review and two round Delphi process with 15 experts specialised in infection prevention and control, environmental service worker management, or scale construction to examine the content validity of the questionnaire. Phase II involved administering the questionnaire to a convenience sample of 1,176 environmental service workers from the public hospital from 13 provinces in China to evaluate its construct validity and reliability.FindingsIn the two rounds of Delphi consultation, the recovery rate were 93.75 and 100%. Moreover, the expert authority coefficient was 0.93, and the coordination coefficients of expert opinions in the first round were as follows: correlation of 0.204 and importance of 0.249 for the first-level index; correlation of 0.128 and importance of 0.142 for the secondary index. In round two, the coordination coefficients of expert opinions were as follows: correlation of 0.221 and importance of 0.221 for the first-level indicators; correlation of 0.096 and importance of 0.101 for the secondary index. The results for the index were P &lt; 0.05 for the two rounds. The pilot survey shows the instrument was excellent content validity (S-CVI/Ave = 0.989). The overall internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach's α = 0.967). The questionnaire ultimately comprised four first-level indices (knowledge, attitudes, practise, and experience) and 49 second-level indices.ConclusionThe Questionnaire demonstrated good reliability and validity and is effective in measuring levels of infection prevention and control-related knowledge, attitudes, practise, and experience among environmental service workers. It will provide a tool for future national investigations of the current infection prevention and control situation among environmental service workers. Future research should explore determinants of environmental service workers' knowledge, attitudes, practise, and experience and associations between infection prevention and control knowledge, attitudes, practises, and experience.
Health literacy and health outcomes among older patients suffering from chronic diseases: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Lu Jinjin , Sun Shuting , Gu Yechun , Li Huihui , Fang Liangyu , Zhu Xiaoling , Xu Hongbo 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionAging brings with an increased risk of chronic diseases among older adults, which could affect health outcomes. Evidence has showed that health literacy is associated with health outcomes. However, limited studies explore the underlying mechanism between health literacy and health outcomes. Hence, this study aimed to determine whether self-efficacy for managing chronic disease mediates the relationship between health literacy and health outcomes among older patients with chronic diseases, and to explore whether disease duration moderates the relationship between health literacy, self-efficacy for managing chronic disease, and health outcomes.MethodsParticipants were recruited from tertiary hospitals in Zhejiang Province, China from May 2019 to June 2020 using a convenience sampling method. A total of 471 older patients with chronic diseases completed questionnaires measuring demographics, disease-related information, health literacy, self-efficacy for managing chronic disease, and health outcomes. The mediation effect was examined using the structural equation model method, based on the bias-corrected bootstrapping method. The moderation effect was tested by the multiple-group analysis.ResultsA good fit model suggested that self-efficacy for managing chronic disease partially mediated the relationships between health literacy and health outcomes. In addition, disease duration moderated the relationships between health literacy, self-efficacy for managing chronic disease, and health outcomes.DiscussionThe findings highlight that adequate health literacy improved health outcomes among older patients with chronic diseases, which was further promoted by self-efficacy for managing chronic diseases. Moreover, a long disease duration could enhance the effect.
Network structure of family function and self-management in patients with early chronic kidney disease amid the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cui Yi , Yang Tianqi , Li Rong , Wang Hua , Jin Shasha , Liu Na , Liu Xufeng , Liu Hongbao , Zhang Yinling 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundFamily function plays a pivotal role in self-management among patients with early chronic kidney disease (CKD), which has been especially important during the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies have investigated the relationships between family function and self-management using total scores through self-report questionnaires while ignoring the different components in both family function and self-management. The specific objective of this study was to explore the network structure of family function and self-management at the component level.MethodsA total of 360 patients with early CKD from three tertiary hospitals were enrolled in our cross-sectional survey from September to December 2021 in China. Components of family function were measured by the Family Adaptation Partnership Growth and Resolve Index, and components of self-management were measured by the Chronic Kidney Disease Self-management Instrument. Network analysis was used to establish the network structure.ResultsEdges across the community of family function and self-management were mainly positive. Edges between F3 “Growth” and M1 “Self-integration”, F2 “Partnership” and M3 “Seeking social support,” F5 “Resolve” and M3 “Seeking social support” were the strongest. F3 “Growth” had the greatest positive bridge expected influence of family function community (0.12), and M3 “Seeking social support” had the greatest positive bridge expected influence of self-management community (0.16).ConclusionWe explored the potential pathways between different components of family function and self-management among patients with early CKD during the COVID-19 pandemic and found fine-grained relationships between them. The two nodes F3 “Growth” and M3 “Seeking social support” may provide a new idea from the perspective of family function for interventions to improve self-management.
Point prevalence survey on antibiotic use in the hospitals of Mauritius
Authors: Veerapa-Mangroo Lovena Preeyadarshini , Rasamoelina-Andriamanivo Harena , Issack Mohammad Iqbal , Cardinale Eric 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThis study aims at determining the antibiotic prescribing pattern in admitted patients in the regional public hospitals of Mauritius.MethodsA Point Prevalence Survey (PPS) on antibiotic use according to the World Health Organization Methodology for PPS on antibiotic use in hospitals, was carried out in 3 secondary public hospitals. Data was collected in February 2018 for Hospital 1 and in April-May 2019 for Hospital 2 and Hospital 3. Eligible inpatients were those who were hospitalized in the ward at 8.00 a.m. on the day of the survey.ResultsAmong 915 inpatients, 482 (53%) were treated with 753 therapies or prescriptions of antibiotics, averaging 1.6 therapies or prescriptions per patient. Among those treated with antibiotics, an average of 88 patients (55%), 58 patients (36%) and 15 patients (9%) were given 1, 2 and 3 or more antibiotics respectively. The highest proportion of inpatients treated with antibiotics was among those with community acquired infections (n=243, 50%) followed by surgical prophylaxis (n=191, 40%). In the three hospitals, it was observed that third generation cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime), amoxicillin, metronidazole (parenteral) and ciprofloxacin accounted for more than 75% of total prescriptions and sixteen per cent (16%) of patients had an Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing report before prescription of antibiotics.ConclusionThis study provides valuable information on antibiotic use in the country. Several misuses have been identified such as the excessive use of antibiotics for surgical prophylaxis, the high use of third generation cephalosporins and of the WATCH category of antibiotics. It also demonstrates a low percentage of Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing prior to prescription of antibiotics. This investigation shows that there is now a pressing need to repeat the Point Prevalence Survey on antibiotic use in hospitals in future whilst extending the survey to the private healthcare system to get a complete picture concerning antibiotic use in Mauritius.
Use of planar covariation in lower limb kinematics to characterize adaptations of running after cycling in elite triathletes
Authors: Walsh Joel A. , Stamenkovic Alexander , Dawber James P. , Stapley Paul J. 
Published: January 2023

PurposeTo characterize alterations of lower limb intersegmental coordination during the acute phase of running after cycling among highly trained triathletes using an analysis of planar covariation.MethodsNine highly trained triathletes completed a control run (CR) and a run after transitioning from cycling exercise (transition run, or TR condition) on a motorized treadmill at a self-selected pace. Sagittal plane kinematics were recorded using a 3D Vicon motion capture system. Intersegmental coordination of the thigh, shank and foot segments of the right lower limb and run loop planarity were calculated during running before cycling and at four different times after the end of cycling.ResultsPCA showed a significant within-subject phase shift of the run loop planarity (F = 6.66, P = 0.01). Post hoc analysis showed significance median differences increase for u3t parameter between CRSS vs. TR30 (P = 0.01), TRt1/2 (P = 0.01) and TRMRT (P = 0.01). No difference for u3t parameter existed between CRSS vs. TRSS.ConclusionPrior variable-cadence, moderate intensity cycling has a significant effect on run loop planarity and therefore intersegmental coordination during the acute transition phase among highly trained triathletes. However, alterations to lower limb coordination are corrected by the 3rd minute after the beginning of the post cycle run. We suggest that planar covariation can be used as a more sensitive measure of cycling-induced variations in running to characterize adaptation in elite and importantly, developing athletes.
The role of endplate injury in intervertebral disc degeneration after vertebral augmentation in OVCF patients
Authors: Li Yongchao , Su Qihang , Feng Xiaofei , Li Lijun , Tan Jun , Ke Rongjun 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundWhether vertebral augmentation can induce or aggravate the degeneration of adjacent intervertebral discs remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of endplate injury in intervertebral disc degeneration after vertebral augmentation.MethodsThe imaging data of patients with single-segment osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) were retrospectively analyzed. The upper and lower discs of the fractured vertebrae were defined as cranial and caudal discs, and the discs adjacent to the cranial discs were defined as control discs. According to the integrity of the cranial and caudal endplates, they were divided into an injury group and a noninjury group. At follow-up, the increase in the modified Pfirrmann score on MRI compared with the baseline grade was defined as the occurrence of a degenerative disc change (DDC). The changes in the disc height and the number of DDC cases on MRI during the follow-up in each group were analyzed.ResultsA total of 56 patients with OVCFs were included in this study, with an average follow-up time of 18.8 ± 14.1 months (3–62 months). In the cranial and caudal discs, the number of DDC cases in the endplate injury group was significantly higher than that in the noninjury group (P = 0.007 and P = 0.018). However, the number of DDC cases in the whole endplate injury group (including the cranial and caudal endplates) was significantly higher than that of the whole noninjury group (P = 0.000) and the control group (P = 0.000). The number of DDC cases in the whole noninjury group was not different from that of the control group (P = 0.192). At follow-up, the disc height of the cranial and caudal endplate injury group was significantly lower than the baseline (P = 0.000 and P = 0.001), but the disc height of the noninjury group was not significantly lower than the baseline (P = 0.074 and P = 0.082).ConclusionEndplate injury is associated with adjacent intervertebral disc degeneration in OVCF patients after vertebral augmentation. Evaluation of endplate damage before vertebral enhancement in OVCF patients has an important reference value for predicting the outcome of adjacent intervertebral discs after surgery.
Prognostic value of preoperative modified Glasgow prognostic score in surgical non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Chenli , Ren Guangshu , Yang Qingqing 
Published: January 2023

Background and purposeThe predictive role of modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) for long-term survival in several types of cancers has been well manifested. We supposed that preoperative mGPS might also be associated with long-term survival of operated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify the prognostic value of preoperative mGPS in surgical NSCLC patients.MethodsThe PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and CNKI databases were searched for relevant studies up to November 7, 2022. The primary and secondary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), respectively. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were combined.ResultsA total of 3,803 patients from 11 studies were enrolled and analyzed. The combined results demonstrated elevated preoperative mGPS was significantly related to poorer OS (HR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.83–2.44, P &lt; 0.001) and DFS (HR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.42–2.03, P &lt; 0.001). Subgroup analysis for the OS further identified the predictive role of elevated preoperative mGPS for worse OS in NSCLC.ConclusionPreoperative mGPS was significantly associated with prognosis in NSCLC and patients with elevated preoperative mGPS experienced poorer long-term survival.