bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron homeostasis imbalance and ferroptosis in brain diseases
Authors: Long Haining , Zhu Wangshu , Wei Liming , Zhao Jungong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBrain iron homeostasis is maintained through the normal function of blood–brain barrier and iron regulation at the systemic and cellular levels, which is fundamental to normal brain function. Excess iron can catalyze the generation of free radicals through Fenton reactions due to its dual redox state, thus causing oxidative stress. Numerous evidence has indicated brain diseases, especially stroke and neurodegenerative diseases, are closely related to the mechanism of iron homeostasis imbalance in the brain. For one thing, brain diseases promote brain iron accumulation. For another, iron accumulation amplifies damage to the nervous system and exacerbates patients’ outcomes. In addition, iron accumulation triggers ferroptosis, a newly discovered iron‐dependent type of programmed cell death, which is closely related to neurodegeneration and has received wide attention in recent years. In this context, we outline the mechanism of a normal brain iron metabolism and focus on the current mechanism of the iron homeostasis imbalance in stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Meanwhile, we also discuss the mechanism of ferroptosis and simultaneously enumerate the newly discovered drugs for iron chelators and ferroptosis inhibitors.
Nowcast for cloud top height from Himawari‐8 data based on deep learning algorithms
Authors: Yu Zhuofu , Tan Zhonghui , Ma Shuo , Yan Wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCloud top height (CTH) indicates the vertical development of clouds. Intensely vertically developing clouds are usually accompanied by extreme weather systems and pose a threat to aviation safety. Therefore, nowcast for CTH is necessary and meaningful to guide aviation flights. In this study, we researched the nowcast for CTH (mainly within 0–2 h) based on deep learning algorithms. With Sichuan Province as the study area, we collected CTH data of Himawari‐8 satellite from 2018 to 2020. Convolutional‐long‐short‐term‐memory (ConvLSTM) and trajectory‐gated‐recurrent‐unit (TrajGRU) were used to build nowcast models in the encoder‐forecaster framework. The optical flow model and persistence were used as benchmarks. The results showed that the deep learning models did not have significant advantages over the benchmarks in the first 20 min. However, with increasing nowcast time, the nowcast skills of the deep learning models were gradually exhibited. For all four seasons, the TrajGRU‐based model showed superior performance over the ConvLSTM‐based model and the benchmarks. In spring, autumn and winter, the results yielded by the ConvLSTM‐based model were second only to those of the TrajGRU‐based model. However, in summer, the ConvLSTM‐based model did not outperform the persistence. The results of the optical flow model worsened significantly with increasing nowcast time. In contrast to the persistence, the optical flow model had almost no nowcast skills after 40 min.
The secretory Candida effector Sce1 licenses fungal virulence by masking the immunogenic β‐1,3‐glucan and promoting apoptosis of the host cells
Authors: Wu Hongyu , Wang Li , Wang Wenjuan , Shao Zhugui , Jia Xin‐Ming , Xiao Hui , Chen Jiangye 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCandida albicans deploys a variety of mechanisms such as morphological switch and elicitor release to promote virulence. However, the intricate interactions between the fungus and the host remain poorly understood, and a comprehensive inventory of fungal virulence factors has yet to be established. In this study, we identified a C. albicans secretory effector protein Sce1, whose induction and secretion are associated with vagina‐simulative conditions and chlamydospore formation. Sequence alignment showed that Sce1 belongs to a Pir family in C. albicans, which is conserved across several fungi and primarily characterized as a β‐glucan binding protein in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mechanically, Sce1 is primarily localized to the cell wall in a cleaved form as an alkali‐labile β‐1,3‐glucan binding protein and plays a role in masking β‐glucan in acidic environments and chlamydospores, a feature that might underline C. albicans' ability to evade host immunity. Further, a cleaved short form of Sce1 protein could be released into extracellular compartments and presented in bone marrow‐derived macrophages infected with chlamydospores. This cleaved short form of Sce1 also demonstrated a unique ability to trigger the caspases‐8/9‐dependent apoptosis in various host cells. Correspondingly, genetic deletion of SCE1 led to dampened vaginal colonization of C. albicans and diminished fungal virulence during systemic infection. The discovery of Sce1 as a versatile virulence effector that executes at various compartments sheds light on the fungus–host interactions and C. albicans pathogenesis.
A bacterial symbiont in the gill of the marine scallop Argopecten irradians irradians metabolizes dimethylsulfoniopropionate
Authors: Shu Yi , Wang Yongming , Wei Zhongcheng , Gao Ning , Wang Shuyan , Li Chun‐Yang , Xing Qiang , Hu Xiaoli , Zhang Xiao‐Hua , Zhang Yu‐Zhong , Zhang Weipeng , Bao Zhenmin , Ding Wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMicrobial lysis of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is a key step in marine organic sulfur cycling and has been recently demonstrated to play an important role in mediating interactions between bacteria, algae, and zooplankton. To date, microbes that have been found to lyse DMSP are largely confined to free‐living and surface‐attached bacteria. In this study, we report for the first time that a symbiont (termed “Rhodobiaceae bacterium HWgs001”) in the gill of the marine scallop Argopecten irradians irradians can lyse and metabolize DMSP. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that HWgs001 accounted for up to 93% of the gill microbiota. Microscopic observations suggested that HWgs001 lived within the gill tissue. Unlike symbionts of other bivalves, HWgs001 belongs to Alphaproteobacteria rather than Gammaproteobacteria, and no genes for carbon fixation were identified in its small genome. Moreover, HWgs001 was found to possess a dddP gene, responsible for the lysis of DMSP to acrylate. The enzymatic activity of dddP was confirmed using the heterologous expression, and in situ transcription of the gene in scallop gill tissues was demonstrated using reverse‐transcription PCR. Together, these results revealed a taxonomically and functionally unique symbiont, which represents the first‐documented DMSP‐metabolizing symbiont likely to play significant roles in coastal marine ecosystems.
Sertindole inhibits autophagic flux and glioma progression
Authors: Liu Baiyang , Shi Yulin , Qin Bo , Cheng Dating , Nie Zhi , Zhai Haoqing , Li Yao , Jin Zhixian , Pu Jun , Yan Dongming , Chen Yongbin , Yang Cuiping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGliomas, the most lethal brain tumors, often exhibit resistance to conventional chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. This study reveals that sertindole, a potent dopamine D2 receptor antagonist primarily designed as an antipsychotic medication for schizophrenia, effectively inhibits glioma progression. Our findings demonstrate that sertindole suppresses the proliferation of U251 and U87 tumor cells, impedes cell cycle progression in vitro, and curtails xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, we present compelling evidence demonstrating the ability of sertindole to enhance the cellular response to the chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, our findings reveal that sertindole effectively suppresses the self‐renewal capacity and expression of stemness‐associated genes, such as Nanog and Sox2, in glioma tumor cells and glioma stem cells. A mechanistic investigation demonstrated that sertindole enhances the formation of autophagosome–lysosome complexes while concurrently impeding autophagic flux through the inhibition of lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes CTSD and CTSB, ultimately resulting in decreased growth of tumor cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that sertindole has the potential to develop into a potent antiglioma therapeutic agent.
Bony structure enhanced synthetic CT generation using Dixon sequences for pelvis MR‐only radiotherapy
Authors: Liang Xiao , Yen Allen , Bai Ti , Godley Andrew , Shen Chenyang , Wu Junjie , Meng Boyu , Lin Mu‐Han , Medin Paul , Yan Yulong , Owrangi Amir , Desai Neil , Hannan Raquibul , Garant Aurelie , Jiang Steve , Deng Jie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundMRI‐only radiotherapy planning (MROP) is beneficial to patients by avoiding MRI/CT registration errors, simplifying the radiation treatment simulation workflow and reducing exposure to ionizing radiation. MRI is the primary imaging modality for soft tissue delineation. Treatment planning CTs (i.e., CT simulation scan) are redundant if a synthetic CT (sCT) can be generated from the MRI to provide the patient positioning and electron density information. Unsupervised deep learning (DL) models like CycleGAN are widely used in MR‐to‐sCT conversion, when paired patient CT and MR image datasets are not available for model training. However, compared to supervised DL models, they cannot guarantee anatomic consistency, especially around bone.PurposeThe purpose of this work was to improve the sCT accuracy generated from MRI around bone for MROP.MethodsTo generate more reliable bony structures on sCT images, we proposed to add bony structure constraints in the unsupervised CycleGAN model's loss function and leverage Dixon constructed fat and in‐phase (IP) MR images. Dixon images provide better bone contrast than T2‐weighted images as inputs to a modified multi‐channel CycleGAN. A private dataset with a total of 31 prostate cancer patients were used for training (20) and testing (11).ResultsWe compared model performance with and without bony structure constraints using single‐ and multi‐channel inputs. Among all the models, multi‐channel CycleGAN with bony structure constraints had the lowest mean absolute error, both inside the bone and whole body (50.7 and 145.2 HU). This approach also resulted in the highest Dice similarity coefficient (0.88) of all bony structures compared with the planning CT.ConclusionModified multi‐channel CycleGAN with bony structure constraints, taking Dixon‐constructed fat and IP images as inputs, can generate clinically suitable sCT images in both bone and soft tissue. The generated sCT images have the potential to be used for accurate dose calculation and patient positioning in MROP radiation therapy.
Prostate cancer detection and segmentation on MRI using non‐local mask R‐CNN with histopathological ground truth
Authors: Dai Zhenzhen , Jambor Ivan , Taimen Pekka , Pantelic Milan , Elshaikh Mohamed , Dabaja Ali , Rogers Craig , Ettala Otto , Boström Peter J. , Aronen Hannu J. , Merisaari Harri , Wen Ning 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAutomatic detection and segmentation of intraprostatic lesions (ILs) on preoperative multiparametric‐magnetic resonance images (mp‐MRI) can improve clinical workflow efficiency and enhance the diagnostic accuracy of prostate cancer and is an essential step in dominant intraprostatic lesion boost.PurposeThe goal is to improve the detection and segmentation accuracy of 3D ILs in MRI by a proposed a deep learning (DL)‐based algorithm with histopathological ground truth.MethodsThis retrospective study included 262 patients with in vivo prostate biparametric MRI (bp‐MRI) scans and were divided into three cohorts based on their data analysis and annotation. Histopathological ground truth was established by using histopathology images as delineation reference standard on cohort 1, which consisted of 64 patients and was randomly split into 20 training, 12 validation, and 32 testing patients. Cohort 2 consisted of 158 patients with bp‐MRI based lesion delineation, and was randomly split into 104 training, 15 validation, and 39 testing patients. Cohort 3 consisted of 40 unannotated patients, used in semi‐supervised learning. We proposed a non‐local Mask R‐CNN and boosted its performance by applying different training techniques. The performance of non‐local Mask R‐CNN was compared with baseline Mask R‐CNN, 3D U‐Net and an experienced radiologist's delineation and was evaluated by detection rate, dice similarity coefficient (DSC), sensitivity, and Hausdorff Distance (HD).ResultsThe independent testing set consists of 32 patients with histopathological ground truth. With the training technique maximizing detection rate, the non‐local Mask R‐CNN achieved 80.5% and 94.7% detection rate; 0.548 and 0.604 DSC; 5.72 and 6.36 95 HD (mm); 0.613 and 0.580 sensitivity for ILs of all Gleason Grade groups (GGGs) and clinically significant ILs (GGG > 2), which outperformed baseline Mask R‐CNN and 3D U‐Net. For clinically significant ILs, the model segmentation accuracy was significantly higher than that of the experienced radiologist involved in the study, who achieved 0.512 DSC (p = 0.04), 8.21 (p = 0.041) 95 HD (mm), and 0.398 (p = 0.001) sensitivity.ConclusionThe proposed DL model achieved state‐of‐art performance and has the potential to help improve radiotherapy treatment planning and noninvasive prostate cancer diagnosis.
A mixed methods approach for measuring topic sensitivity in conservation
Authors: Ibbett Harriet , Jones Julia P. G. , Dorward Leejiah , Kohi Edward M. , Dwiyahreni Asri A. , Prayitno Karlina , Sankeni Stephen , Kaduma Joseph , Mchomvu Jesca , Wijaya Saputra Andie , Sabiladiyni Humairah , Supriatna Jatna , St John Freya A. V. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Conservationists increasingly aim to understand human behaviour to inform intervention design. However, obtaining information from people about their behaviour can be challenging, particularly if the research topic is considered sensitive. Topic sensitivity may raise methodological, ethical, political and legal concerns which, if poorly addressed, can have significant impacts on research participants, the research process, data quality and the success of conservation outcomes that are informed by research findings. While considerable effort has been invested in developing techniques for reducing bias when collecting data on sensitive topics, less attention has been focused on identifying if, and why, a topic is sensitive.

We use a mixed methods approach to explore how willing people are to discuss topics that could be considered sensitive (e.g. illegal wildlife hunting). Collecting data from people living near protected areas in Indonesia (n = 362) and Tanzania (n = 345), we developed and tested a psychometric scale to measure topic sensitivity at the respondent level and conducted group exercises (free‐lists and pile sorts) to gain a deeper understanding of peoples' willingness to discuss different topics.

The perceived sensitivity of topics varied both within and between the two focal contexts, with more topics being perceived as sensitive in Tanzania than Indonesia. Participants' knowledge of rules, and their experiences of living alongside protected areas affected how sensitive they considered topics to be.

Mixed methods approaches can provide holistic and nuanced understanding of topic sensitivity. However, recognising that in‐depth studies are not always feasible to implement, we demonstrate that methods, such as our Sensitivity Index, can easily be adapted for different contexts and deployed to rapidly obtain valuable insights on topic sensitivity, to help inform conservation research and practice.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Enhancement on the mechanical properties of 3D printing PEI composites via high thermal processing and fiber reinforcing
Authors: Zhang Huiying , Wu Jie , Jia Mengen , Chen Ye , Wang Huaping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPolyetherimide (PEI) is a high‐performance material that maintains good properties at high temperature. Combining PEI with 3D printing is helpful to broaden the application of PEI, but the printed PEI parts have poor mechanical properties due to its interlayer porous structure. Herein, high thermal processing (cavity and platform temperature) is utilized to improve the bonding of PEI filaments during 3D printing. After optimizing, the mechanical properties of printed PEI parts can reach to the performance of injected PEI. Moreover, carbon fiber (CF) is used to further enhance the thermal and mechanical properties of PEI. The results show that the mechanical enhancement of short length CF (0.15 mm) is less effective than the longer CF (3 mm‐CF). After the CF oxidation treatment, the tensile strength of printed PEI is increased by nearly 6.07% compared to the untreated CF/PEI. The work provides a novel approach for developing 3D printed CF/PEI composites for the further application.
Fused deposition modeling of carbon‐reinforced polymer matrix composites: A comprehensive review
Authors: Wei Qinghua , Yang Rongbin , Zhao Xudong , Zhou Jiayi , An Yalong , Yang Sheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCarbon‐reinforced polymer matrix composites (PMCs) have been thoroughly applied in different fields because of their benefits, such as low specific gravity, corrosion resistance, good electrical conductivity, and robust mechanical properties. Especially, with the emergence of fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology has further promoted the application of such materials in complex structural components. Recently, FDM printing carbon‐reinforced PMCs have become a hot topic in composites research, and many promising results have been achieved around related research. In order to help readers have a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the latest research progress of FDM printing carbon‐reinforced PMCs in terms of material modification, processing, material properties, and application levels, this paper reviews the properties and processes of FDM printed carbon‐reinforced PMCs and their potential applications in aerospace, flexible sensing, electrochemistry, and biomedical fields. The effects of commonly used carbon reinforcing materials on the performance of FDM printed PMCs were contrasted and analyzed. Moreover, the process optimization of printing carbon‐reinforced PMCs was introduced and highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and future research directions of FDM printing carbon‐reinforced PMCs were analyzed and prospected.
Remorse‐related suicide attempts among young mothers after COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Otani Kyohei , Yoshikawa Ryohei , Naito Atsumi , Fukushima Haruko , Matsuishi Kunitaka 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn Japan, there is a tendency to view COVID‐19 infection as one's own responsibility, which may result in more feelings of guilt than in other countries. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, the curfew imposed by COVID‐19 restricted social behavior and increased anxiety and loneliness, which may have increased the risk of suicide among young women, especially mothers who were highly stressed regarding COVID‐19 infection in their children.Case PresentationThis is a case report of two Japanese mothers who developed feelings of guilt following infection with COVID‐19, leading to suicide attempts. They feared stigma or denial due to the infection, which they were unable to explain to others, leading to a heightened sense of self‐blame and suicide attempts. In addition, Japanese women have a heavy burden of housework, despite their dual roles at home and at work; the pandemic's behavioral restrictions led to increased time at home and stress. These women were also more affected by the economic crisis in the early stages of the pandemic than men. Relatedly, neuropsychiatric symptoms that persisted after recovering from COVID‐19, such as depression, anxiety, fatigue, and pain, namely postacute COVID‐19 syndrome or long COVID, may have precipitated the suicidal ideation in these cases. Moreover, the complication of bipolar disorder by COVID‐19 could have led to suicide attempts caused by infection‐related neuropsychiatric symptoms and the exacerbation of the bipolar disorder by restrictions imposed during the pandemic.ConclusionSuicide prevention measures need to be taken more seriously among mothers during or after the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Ictal hypersalivation as a prominent symptom in a girl with insulo‐opercular epilepsy
Authors: Sun Ke , Yang Dongju , Liang Shuli , Yuan Liu , Zhang Guojun 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTIntroductionHypersalivation has been associated with Rolandic epilepsy and other childhood epilepsy syndromes. However, pure salivatory seizures are a rare type of focal seizure in which ictal hypersalivation is the dominant feature throughout the seizures.Case presentationWe present a case of pure salivatory seizures originating from the right post‐central operculum cortex, confirmed by the favorable surgical outcome. We attempt to analyze the symptom from behavioral and neural network perspectives and propose a possible mechanism to generate ictal hypersalivation and pure salivatory seizures.ConclusionBased on previous reports in the literature and our case, we emphasize the importance of the operculum in patients with ictal hypersalivation, particularly in patients with pure salivatory seizures.
Thermal characterization of 3D printable multifunctional graphene‐reinforced polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) composite filaments enabled for smart structural applications
Authors: Bedi Surjeet Singh , Mallesha Vasu , Mahesh Vinyas , Mahesh Vishwas , Mukunda Sriram , Negi Sushanth , Ponnusami Sathiskumar Anusuya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe focus on fillers' influence in high‐performance polymer composites has undergone a transformation. Additionally, the utilization of additive manufacturing (AM) in this venture has aroused the curiosity of investigators to empirically enumerate the characteristics of such composites for numerous applications. Consequently, this investigation aims to assess the thermal behavior of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) polymers reinforced with graphene flakes. As mentioned above, various weight ratios of the constituents are manufactured, blended, and extruded into six distinct varieties of 3D‐printable filaments utilizing a twin‐screw extruder. In accordance with the relevant American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards, we perform the thermal characterization of the compounded PETG/graphene pellets using Fourier transform‐infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results reveal that enhancing the concentration of graphene augments the thermal properties of the composites. Furthermore, the FTIR investigation contributes to graphene's proficiency in absorbing infrared radiation and curbing micro‐vibrations. Additionally, the study highlights the way in which chemical interactions between graphene and PETG impact the general effectiveness of the composites.