bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the anticancer activity of attenuated Listeria monocytogenes by cell wall functionalization with “clickable” doxorubicin
Authors: Poliseno Laura , Lepori Irene , Roncetti Marta , Vitiello Marianna , Barresi Elisabetta , Tentori Paolo , Baldanzi Caterina , Evangelista Monica , Signore Giovanni , Tedeschi Lorena , Gravekamp Claudia , Cardarelli Francesco , Taliani Sabrina , Settimo Federico Da , Siegrist M. Sloan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Among bacteria used as anticancer vaccines, attenuated Listeria monocytogenes (Lmat) stands out because it spreads from one infected cancer cell to the next, induces a strong adaptive immune response, and is suitable for repeated injection cycles. Here we use click chemistry to functionalize the Lmat cell wall and turn the bacterium into an “intelligent carrier” of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. Doxorubicin-loaded Lmat retains most of its biological properties and has enhanced cytotoxicity against melanoma cells compared to the control fluorophore-functionalized bacteria. Our results provide the first demonstration of a two-in-one therapeutic approach that in principle combines immunotherapy with chemotherapy through the covalent loading of Lmat cell wall with the drug of interest.
Green Synthesis of Ag nanoparticle supported on graphene oxide for efficient nitrite sensing in a water sample
Authors: Ezzat Nourhan , Hefnawy Mahmoud A. , Medany Shymaa S. , El-Sherief Rabab M. , Fadlallah Sahar A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Water is essential for conserving biodiversity, ecology, and human health, but because of population growth and declining clean water supplies, wastewater must be treated to meet demand. Nitrite is one of the contaminants in wastewater that is well-known. It is crucial to identify nitrite since it can be fatal to humans in excessive doses. Utilizing a straightforward and effective electrochemical sensor, nitrite in actual water samples may be determined electrochemically. The sensor is created by coating the surface of a GC electrode with a thin layer of graphene oxide (GO), followed by a coating of silver nanoparticles. The modified electrode reached a linear detection range of 1-400 µM. thus, the activity of the electrode was investigated at different pH values ranging from 4 to 10 to cover acidic to highly basic environments. However, the electrode recorded limit of detection (LOD) is equal to 0.084, 0.090, and 0.055 µM for pH 4, 7, and 10, respectively. Additionally, the electrode activity was utilized in tap water and wastewater that the LOD reported as 0.16 and 0.157 µM for tape water and wastewater, respectively.
Multi-plane denoising diffusion-based dimensionality expansion for 2D-to-3D reconstruction of microstructures with harmonized sampling
Authors: Yun Gunjin , Lee Kang-Hyun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Acquiring reliable microstructure datasets is a pivotal step toward the systematic design of materials with the aid of integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) approaches. However, obtaining three-dimensional (3D) microstructure datasets is often challenging due to high experimental costs or technical limitations, while acquiring two-dimensional (2D) micrographs is comparatively easier. To deal with this issue, this study proposes a novel framework for 2D-to-3D reconstruction of microstructures called ‘Micro3Diff’ using diffusion-based generative models (DGMs). Specifically, this approach solely requires pre-trained DGMs for the generation of 2D samples, and dimensionality expansion (2D-to-3D) takes place only during the generation process (i.e., reverse diffusion process). The proposed framework incorporates a new concept referred to as ‘multi-plane denoising diffusion’, which transforms noisy samples (i.e., latent variables) from different planes into the data structure while maintaining spatial connectivity in 3D space. Furthermore, a harmonized sampling process is developed to address possible deviations from the reverse Markov chain of DGMs during the dimensionality expansion. Combined, we demonstrate the feasibility of Micro3Diff in reconstructing 3D samples with connected slices that maintain morphologically equivalence to the original 2D images. To validate the performance of Micro3Diff, various types of microstructures (synthetic and experimentally observed) are reconstructed, and the quality of the generated samples is assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The successful reconstruction outcomes inspire the potential utilization of Micro3Diff in upcoming ICME applications while achieving a breakthrough in comprehending and manipulating the latent space of DGMs
Prevalence of neonatal sepsis and associated factors among neonates admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit at Lira regional referral hospital, northern Uganda
Authors: Katugume Brendah , Muzungu JohnBaptist , Okello Nelson , Kigongo Eustes , Namutebi Deborah Andrinar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND:Sepsis is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among neonates. Neonatal sepsis (NS) contributes to 44% of 5.4 million under-5 mortalities globally, and 12% of neonatal deaths in Uganda in 2020 were attributed to NS. Early risk factor identification and improved obstetric care are proven to reduce deaths due to NS, yet there is scanty literature for the Lango sub-region. We, therefore, determined the prevalence of NS, and identified the factors associated with NS in the Lango sub-region of northern Uganda.METHODS:A hospital-based, quantitative, cross-sectional study with a retrospective chart review was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Lira regional referral hospital (LRRH), in northern Uganda, among 194 records of neonates admitted to the NICU from September 2022 to February 2023. The participant records were selected by systematic sampling technique and a structured data extraction tool was used to collect data. Using SPSS version 25 data entry and analysis were done. The univariate analysis gave a general description of the data. Using logistic regression analysis associations were measured and the statistical significance was declared at a P value of 0.05 after multivariate analysis.RESULTS:Among a total of 194 neonates whose charts were reviewed, 80% of these had neonatal sepsis, giving a prevalence of 41.2%. Age in days of the neonate (AOR=4.212[1.627-10.903]) for neonates of 1-3days of age, sex where males (AOR=2.09[1.123-3.887]), an APGAR score of 1-4 at birth (AOR= 0.309, 95% CI: [0.115-0.831]) and weight at birth <2500g (AOR=2.543[1.381-4.683]) were significantly related to NS.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS:The prevalence of NS among neonates admitted to the NICU of LRRH was high at 41.2% and the neonates of 1-3 days of age, male sex, a birth weight of <2500g, and an Apgar score of 1-4 at birth were significantly related to NS. Therefore, Caregivers ensure safe newborn care, early infection detection, and prophylactic antibiotics during procedures, especially for neonates with low birth weight, and low Apgar score males during the first 3 days of life are recommended to reduce the risk of developing NS. Further research is to be conducted on the major causative agents and outcomes of NS.
Management of antithrombotic agents during emergency endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Yamaguchi Daisuke , Ishida Satoshi , Gondo Kasumi , Nomura Tadahiro , Jinnouchi Azuki , Asahi Ryosuke , Mizuta Yumi , Nagatsuma Goshi , Fukami Ryota , Kimura Shunichiro , Fujimoto Shun , Shimakura Akane , Jubashi Amane , Takeuchi Yuki , Ikeda Kei , Tanaka Yuichiro , Yoshioka Wataru , Hino Naoyuki , Morisaki Tomohito , Ario Keisuke , Tsunada Seiji 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground In this study, we compared the outcomes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) during emergency endoscopy between patients taking and not taking antithrombotic agents to inform antithrombotic management. Patients and Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 389 patients who underwent emergency endoscopy for UGIB at Ureshino Medical Center from 2016 to 2021. The patients were categorized into Group A (taking antithrombotic agents) and Group NA (not taking antithrombotic agents). The clinical characteristics, types of antithrombotic agent, patient status on admission, and UGIB etiology were evaluated. Treatment outcomes and adverse events were assessed by propensity score matching (PSM). Results Group A was significantly older and had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The primary antithrombotic agent was low-dose aspirin, with multiple antithrombotics taken by 38 patients (29.0%). Peptic ulcers were the most common cause of UGIB in both groups. PSM generated 83 matched pairs. The success rate of endoscopic hemostasis was significantly higher in Group A than in Group NA (96.4% vs. 84.3%, P = 0.02). Soft coagulation as a hemostatic technique was significantly more frequently used in Group A than in Group NA (57.8% vs. 39.8%, P = 0.04). Despite promptly resuming antithrombotic agents post-hemostasis, there was no significant difference in the rebleeding rate or 30-day mortality. Conclusion This study demonstrated a higher endoscopic hemostasis success rate in patients undergoing antithrombotic therapy. No differences in rebleeding or 30-day mortality post-hemostasis were observed. Consequently, the prompt resumption of antithrombotic agents after emergency endoscopy for UGIB was acceptable.
Fatigue behaviour of automatically HFMI-treated welds
Authors: Wendler Lea , Löschner Daniel , Engelhardt Imke 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Due to notches, welds are most critical regarding fatigue failure within cyclic loaded constructions. Therefore, various post-weld-treatment techniques like post weld treatment by High Frequency Mechanical Impact Treatment (HFMI) have been invented to improve the fatigue strength of welded details. The benefit, resulting of HFMI-treatment has already been proven by numerous studies. Since a manual HFMI-treatment must be performed by a skilled and trained person to ensure an acceptable treatment-quality, an automated application of HFMI-treatment is supposed to result in a more reliable and consistent treatment result, which doesn’t depend on the operator. Furthermore, a robotic application of HFMI-treatment enables an economic implementation of HFMI-treatment of automated welded constructions like offshore wind-energy converters and various mechanical components, as these parts don’t have to been taken out of the production chain to manually perform HFMI-treatment. This paper focuses on the experimental investigation of the fatigue behaviour of automated HFMI-treated welds, using a developed robotic application of the HiFIT device (specific HFMI-tool).
Toward a solid microneedle patch for rapid and enhanced local analgesic action
Authors: Liu Yue , Zhao Ze Qiang , Liang Ling , Jing Li Yue , Wang Jianhao , Dai Yun , Chen Bo Zhi , Guo Xin Dong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Analgesic creams find widespread application as adjuncts for localized anesthesia prior to surgical procedures. Nevertheless, the onset of analgesic action is protracted due to the skin barrier's inherent characteristics, which necessitates prolonged intervals of patient and clinician waiting, consequently impinging upon patient compliance and clinician workflow efficiency. In this work, a biodegradable microneedles (MNs) patch was introduced to enhance the transdermal administration of lidocaine cream to achieve rapid analgesia through a minimally invasive and conveniently accessible modality. The polylactic acid (PLA) MNs were mass-produced using a simple hot-pressing method and served the purpose of creating microchannels across the skin’s surface for rapid absorption of lidocaine cream. Optical and electron microscopes were applied to meticulously scrutinize the morphology of the fabricated MNs, and the comprehensive penetration tests involving dynamometer, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and animal skins demonstrated the robust mechanical strength of PLA MNs for successful transdermal penetration. The behavioral pain sensitivity tests on living rats revealed that the MNs-assisted lidocaine treatment expeditiously accelerated the onset of action and substantially enhanced the efficacy of localized anesthesia. Furthermore, different treatment protocols encompassing the sequence of drug application relative to MNs treatment, MNs dimensions, and the frequency of MNs insertions exhibited noteworthy influence on the resultant local anesthesia efficacy. Together these results demonstrated that the lidocaine cream followed by diverse PLA MNs treatments would be a promising strategy for rapid clinical local anesthesia with wide-ranging applications.
North Pacific response to hemispheric warming forces Holocene drought
Authors: Todd Victoria , Shanahan Timothy , DiNezio Pedro , Klavans Jeremy , Fawcett Peter , Anderson R. Scott , Jimenez-Moreno Gonzalo , LeGrande Allegra , Pausata Francesco , Thompson Alex , Zhu Jiang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Southwest United States is prone to severe and persistent drought1, but the influence of anthropogenic forcing on current and future precipitation remains uncertain2-7. To improve our understanding of the drivers of Southwest drought, we quantified precipitation and temperature changes in the southern Rockies and combined these with a multi-model ensemble of climate simulations for the mid-Holocene, a past interval when the region experienced exceptional and persistent drought. Reconstructed mid-Holocene warming in the Rockies is consistent with existing proxy reconstructions. In most models, this warming only occurs in simulations with prescribed mid-Holocene vegetation, including a “greening” of the Sahara, supporting the hypothesis that expanded vegetation was critical for producing warming consistent with proxy data15. In response to this hemispheric warming, a distinct pattern of higher temperatures resembling the negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation emerges in the models, increasing the magnitude of wintertime precipitation declines across the western US, in better agreement with proxy reconstructions. A similar forced response could be excited by anthropogenic forcings, enhancing future drought across the Southwest US. However, reductions in winter precipitation associated with the development of this pattern of North Pacific warming are underestimated in simulations of both the mid-Holocene and the instrumental period, suggesting that current projections may underestimate the magnitude and the risk of persistent human-made drought in the future.
Effects of the TIBA and MH Antiauxins on In vitro Regeneration of Caspian honey locust
Authors: Rastab Mojtaba Imani , Hosseini-Nasr Mohammad , Ali Ranjbar Farahabadi Gholam , sarmast Mostafa Khoshhal 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this study, the callus induction and shoot proliferation efficiency of Caspian honey locust (Gleditsia caspica Def.) root explants were investigated in response to 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) and maleic hydrazide acid (MH) antiauxins. TIBA and MH were applied in concentration of 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 μM along with 20 μM of BAP in MS medium. The maximum number of shoot proliferation (%), callus dry weight, callus fresh weight, callus growth rate, callus formation (%) and basal area was observed in 10 μM of TIBA and MH. The results showed that the most measured callus traits in root explants collected from proximal end of the root was much better than that of the distal end of the root explants. Regardless of explants position on root, callus formation percentage was also decreased in absence of TIBA and MH. In general, higher concentration of anti-auxin resulted in the better performance of callus traits and proliferation rate.
Synergistic Chemo-Photothermal Therapy using Thiol-Functionalized Gold Nanorods Supported on Mesoporous Silica for Lung Cancer Treatment
Authors: Deinavizadeh Maryam , Kiasat Ali Reza , Shafiei Mohammad , Sabaeian Mohammad , Mirzajani Roya , Zahraei Seyed Mohammadsaleh , Khalili Fateme , Shao Minmin , Wu Aimin , Makvandi Pooyan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Cancer therapy necessitates the development of novel and effective treatment modalities to combat the complexity of this disease. In this project, we propose a synergistic approach by combining chemo-photothermal treatment using thiol-functionalized gold nanorods (AuNRs) supported on mesoporous silica, offering a promising solution for enhanced lung cancer therapy. To begin, mesoporous MCM-41 was synthesized using a surfactant-templated sol-gel method, chosen for its desirable porous structure, excellent biocompatibility, and non-toxic properties. Further, thiol-functionalized MCM-41 was achieved through a simple grafting process, enabling the subsequent synthesis of thiol-MCM-41-functionalized AuNRs (AuNR@S-MCM-41) via a gold-thiol interaction. The nanocomposite was then loaded with the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX), resulting in AuNR@S-MCM-41-DOX. Remarkably, the nanocomposite exhibited pH/NIR dual-responsive drug release behaviors, facilitating targeted drug delivery. In addition, it demonstrated exceptional biocompatibility and efficient internalization into A549 lung cancer cells. Notably, the combined photothermal- chemo therapy by AuNR@S-MCM-41-DOX exhibited superior efficacy in killing cancer cells compared to single chemo- or photothermal therapies. This study showcases the potential of the AuNR@S-MCM-41-DOX nanocomposite as a promising candidate for combined chemo-photothermal therapy in lung cancer treatment. The innovative integration of gold nanorods, thiol-functionalized mesoporous silica, and pH/NIR dual-responsive drug release provides a comprehensive and effective therapeutic approach for improved outcomes in lung cancer therapy. Future advancements based on this strategy hold promise for addressing the challenges posed by cancer and transforming patient care.
Advocate-BREAST: Advocates and Patients’ Advice to Enhance Breast Cancer Care Delivery, Patient Experience and Patient Centered Research by 2025
Authors: O'Sullivan Ciara C. , Larson Nicole L. , Vierkant Robert A. , Smith Mary Lou , Chauhan Cynthia , Couch Fergus J. , Olson Janet E. , Loprinzi Charles L. , Ruddy Kathryn J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose: The aims of the Advocate-BREAST project are to study and improve the breast cancer (BC) patient experience through education and patient-centered research.
Methods: In December 2021, an electronic REDCap survey was circulated to 6,918 BC survivors (stage 0-4) enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Breast Disease Registry. The questionnaire asked about satisfaction with BC care delivery, and education and support receive(d) regarding BC linked concerns. Patients also ranked Quality Improvement (QI) proposals.
Results: The survey received 2,437 responses. 18% had Ductal Carcinoma in Situ, 81% had early breast cancer (EBC), i.e. stage 1-3, and 2% had metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Mean age was 64 (SD 11.8), and mean time since diagnosis was 93 months (SD 70.2). 69.3% of patients received all care at Mayo Clinic. The overall experience of care was good (>90 %). The main severe symptoms recalled in year 1 were alopecia, eyebrow/eyelash thinning, hot flashes, sexual dysfunction, and cognitive issues. The main concerns recalled were fear of BC recurrence/spread; loved ones coping; fear of dying, and emotional health. Patients were most dissatisfied with information regarding sexual dysfunction, eyebrow/eyelash thinning, peripheral neuropathy, and on side effects of immunotherapy/targeted therapies. Top ranking QI projects were: i) Lifetime access to concise educational resources; ii) Holistic support programs for MBC and iii) Wellness Programs for EBC and MBC.
Conclusions: Patients with early and advanced BC desire psychological support, concise educational resources, and holistic care.
Implications: Focused research and QI initiatives in these areas will improve the BC patient experience
Building public engagement and access to palliative care and advance care planning: a qualitative study
Authors: Black Rachel , Hasson Felicity , Slater Paul , Beck Esther , McIlfatrick Sonja 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Research evidence suggests that a lack of engagement with palliative care and advance care planning could be attributed to a lack of knowledge, presence of misconceptions and stigma within the general public. However, the importance of how death, dying and bereavement is viewed and experienced has been highlighted as an important aspect in enabling public health approaches to palliative care. Therefore, research which explores the public views on strategies to facilitate engagement with palliative care and advance care planning is required.
Methods
Exploratory, qualitative design, utilising purposive random sampling from a database of participants involved in a larger mixed methods study. Online semi-structured interviews were conducted (n = 28) and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Thematic findings were mapped to the social ecological model framework to provide a holistic understanding of public behaviours in relation to palliative care and advance care planning engagement.
Results
Three themes were generated from the data: “Visibility and relatability”; “Embedding opportunities for engagement into everyday life”; “Societal and cultural barriers to open discussion”. Evidence of interaction across all five social ecological model levels were identified across the themes, suggesting a multi-level public health approach incorporating individual, social, structural and cultural aspects is required for effective public engagement.
Conclusions
Public views around potential strategies for effective engagement in palliative care and advance care planning services were found to be multifaceted. Participants suggest an increase in visibility within the public domain to be a significant area of consideration. Additionally, enhancing opportunities for the public to engage in palliative care and advance care planning within everyday life, such as education within schools, is suggested to improve death literacy and reduce stigma. For effective communication, socio-cultural aspects need to be explored when developing strategies for engagement with all members of society.