bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Xanthones as potential α‐glucosidase non‐competition inhibitors: Synthesis, inhibitory activities, and in silico studies
Authors: Wang Lili , Ai Chenyang , Jin Chaoqun , Mou Jiajia , Deng Yanru 
Published: May 2023

Abstractα‐glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) were commonly used in clinical for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Xanthones were naturally occurring antioxidants, and they may also be potential AGIs. In this study, eleven 1,6‐ and 1,3‐substituted xanthone compounds were designed and synthesized, of which four were new compounds. Their α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities in vitro and in silico were evaluated. Five xanthone compounds with higher activity than acarbose were screened out, and the xanthones substituted at the 1,6‐positions were more likely to be potential α‐glucosidase non‐competitive inhibitors. The binding mode of xanthones with α‐glucosidase was further studied by molecular docking method, and the results showed that the inhibitory effect of non‐competitive inhibitors on site 1 of α‐glucosidase may be related to the hydrogen bonds formed by the compounds with amino acid residues ASN165, HIS209, TRY207, ASP243, and SER104. This study provided a theoretical basis of the rapid discovery and structural modification of non‐competitive xanthone inhibitors of α‐glucosidase.
Evaluation of a platform‐switched Morse taper connection for all‐on‐four or six treatment in edentulous or terminal dentition treatment: A retrospective study with 1–8 years of follow‐up
Authors: Ding Yude , Zhou Huajun , Zhang Wentao , Chen Jianping , Zheng Yuanna , Wang Linhong , Yang Fan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe survival rate, marginal bone loss and soft tissue health of the Ankylos implants and the balanced base abutments in all‐on‐four or six implant restoration of edentulous or terminal dentition patients has not been reported in the clinical research.PurposeThis retrospective study aimed to evaluate the Ankylos implants and the balanced base abutments in all‐on‐four or six implant restoration of edentulous or terminal dentition patients after 1–8 years of follow‐up.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study was conducted based on the medical records of 33 patients who received all‐on‐four or six treatments from April 2014 to May 2020. Four radiographic examinations [immediate postoperative (T0), definitive restorations (T1), 1–3 years after prosthetic restorations (T2), and more than 3 years after prosthetic restorations (T3)] were obtained to evaluate vertical bone height (VBH). We also calculated the survival rate and examined the condition of soft tissue with this implant system in edentulous or terminal dentition patients. Three‐level linear model analyses were used to explore potential risk factors for VBH changes on the mesial and distal sides. The generalized linear model was used to analyze the influencing factors of BOP and plaque.ResultsA total of 218 implants were included in this study. The cumulative survival rate of the implants was 97.25% before the definitive prosthesis, 96.33% within 3 years of follow‐up and 95.32% after more than 3 years of follow‐up. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) bone losses of the VBH were 0.27 ± 0.05 mm (T1‐T3) on the mesial side and 0.49 ± 0.06 mm (T1‐T3) on the distal side. During 1–8 years of follow‐up, the height and angle of the abutment (p < 0.001), the mandible implant site (p < 0.001), the length of the implant (p = 0.014 < 0.05) and age (p = 0.029 < 0.05) showed statistically significant effects on vertical mesial bone height (VMBH) and vertical distal bone height (VDBH). The risk of BOP among participants who brushed three times a day was lower than those who brushed less than three times. The plaque risk of short abutment height was higher than the long abutment.ConclusionThe current study showed that the Ankylos implants with the balanced base abutments in all‐on‐four or six implants treatment is a viable and predictable option with a high survival rate and low marginal bone loss in edentulous or terminal dentition patients. VBH around the implants was strongly associated with the mandible implant site, abutment height and angle, the length of the implant and age. Moreover, teeth‐brushing times and abutment height significantly affect soft tissue health.
Solubility prediction of CI Disperse Red 4 and CI Disperse Red 15 in supercritical carbon dioxide based on the back propagation neural network
Authors: Yan Jun , Du Shuang , Hu Jinhua , Tamura Kazuhiro , Li Hong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe solubility of 1‐amino‐2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxy‐anthraquinone (CI Disperse Red 4) and 1‐amino‐2‐hydroxy‐anthraquinone (CI Disperse Red 15) in supercritical carbon dioxide was measured using a dynamic method over a temperature range from 343.15 to 373.15 K and a pressure range from 14 to 22 MPa. The experimental data are analysed by using the back propagation neural network constructed by MATLAB. In the back propagation neural network, the input layer consisted of two inputs, which are temperature and pressure, the output layer consisted of the solubility of dyes, and the hidden layer function was composed of a non‐linear function. The results of the analysis showed that a good fitting level of 0.99 was obtained, which means that the back propagation neural network can accurately estimate the solubility data in supercritical carbon dioxide.
Infectious complications associated with bronchial anastomotic dehiscence in lung transplant recipients
Authors: Courtwright Andrew M. , Doyon Jeffery B. , Blumberg Emily A. , Cevasco Marisa , Cantu Ed , Bermudez Christian A. , Crespo Maria M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionBronchial anastomotic dehiscence (AD) is an uncommon complication following lung transplantation that carries significant morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to characterize fungal and bacterial infections in ADs, including whether infections following AD were associated with progression to bronchial stenosis.MethodsThis was a single‐center study of 615 lung transplant recipients between 6/1/2015 and 12/31/2021. Airway complications were defined according to ISHLT consensus guidelines.Results22 of the 615 recipients (3.6%) developed an AD. Bronchial ischemia or necrosis was common prior to dehiscence (68.1%). Fourteen (63.6%) recipients had bacterial airway infections, most commonly with Gram‐negative rods, prior to dehiscence. Thirteen (59.1%) recipients had an associated pleural infection, most commonly with Candida species (30.8%). Post‐dehiscence Aspergillus species were isolated in 4 recipients, 3 of which were de novo infections. Eleven had bacterial infections prior to dehiscence resolution, most commonly with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eleven recipients developed airway stenosis requiring dilation and/or stenting. Development of secondary infection prior to AD resolution was not associated with progression to stenosis (OR = .41, 95% CI = .05‐3.30, p = .41).ConclusionsGram‐negative bacterial infections are common before and after AD. Pleural infection should be suspected in most cases. Infections prior to healing were not associated with subsequent development of airway stenosis.
Not all home drinking is equal: A latent class analysis of drinking patterns and alcohol consumption levels following initial COVID‐19 restrictions in Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom
Authors: Strating Tom R. , Puljević Cheneal , Davies Emma , Barratt Monica J. , Winstock Adam , Ferris Jason 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionInitial COVID‐19 restrictions forced changes in the contexts (e.g., with who and where) within which individuals consumed alcohol. We aimed to explore different profiles of drinking contexts during initial COVID‐19 restrictions and their association with alcohol consumption.MethodWe used latent class analysis (LCA) to explore subgroups of drinking contexts among 4891 respondents of the Global Drug Survey from the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Australia who reported drinking alcohol in the month prior to data collection (3 May–21 June 2020). Ten binary LCA indicator variables were generated from a survey question about last month alcohol settings. Negative binomial regression was used to explore the association between the latent classes and respondents' total number of drinks consumed in the last 30 days (i.e., alcohol consumption).ResultsThe LCA found six distinct classes of individuals who reported drinking in the following contexts: household (36.0%); alone (32.3%); alone and household (17.9%); gatherings and household (9.5%); party (3.2%); and everywhere (1.1%), with the last group associated with the highest probability of increased alcohol consumption during this time. Male respondents and those aged 35 or older were most likely to report increased alcohol consumption.Discussion and ConclusionsOur findings suggest that drinking contexts, sex and age influenced alcohol consumption during the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic. These findings highlight a need for improved policy targeting risky drinking in home settings. Further research should explore whether COVID‐19‐induced shifts in alcohol use persist as restrictions are lifted.
The UK gender pay gap: Does firm size matter?
Authors: Jones Melanie , Kaya Ezgi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMotivated by the introduction of the UK Gender Pay Gap Reporting legislation to large firms, defined as over 250 employees, we use linked employee–employer panel data from the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings to explore pre‐legislation variation in the gender pay gap by firm size. In doing so, we contribute to the evidence on the relationship between two prominent empirical regularities in the labour economics literature, namely the gender pay gap and the firm‐size wage premium. We find that both the raw and adjusted gender pay gaps increase with firm size in the UK private sector, even after controlling for unobserved worker heterogeneity, consistent with the legislation being targeted effectively. However, this conclusion changes after accounting for unobserved firm‐level heterogeneity. Large firms have smaller within‐firm raw gender pay gaps and similar adjusted gender pay gaps when compared to smaller firms. Our findings are not specific to the current definition of large firms but hold more generally, including at alternative proposed size thresholds.
Evaluation of dental students' clinical communication skills from three perspective approaches: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ab Ghani Siti Mariam , Mohd Khairuddin Puteri Nurul Adila , Lim Tong Wah , Md Sabri Budi Aslinie , Abdul Hamid Nor Faharina , Baharuddin Izyan Hazwani , Schonwetter Dieter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe communication skills of clinicians are very crucial in providing better health outcomes for patients. Therefore, this study aimed to assess undergraduate dental students' communication skills in relation to their demographics and clinical setting using a three‐perspective approach; the student, the patient and the clinical instructor perspective.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted using validated modified‐communication tools; Patient Communication Assessment Instruments (PCAI), Student Communication Assessment Instruments (SCAI) and Clinical Communication Assessment Instruments (CCAI) which included four communication domains. One hundred and seventy‐six undergraduate clinical year students were recruited in this study whereby each of them was assessed by a clinical instructor and a randomly selected patient in two settings: Dental Health Education (DHE) and Comprehensive Care (CC) clinic.ResultsComparing the three perspectives, PCAI yielded the highest scores across all domains, followed by SCAI and CCAI (p < .001). SCAI exhibited a better score in Year 5 compared to Year 3 and Year 4 (p = .027). The male students perceived they performed better than females in all domains (p < .05). Patients rated the students higher in the DHE clinic as compared to the CC clinic for the team interaction domain.ConclusionThere was an upward pattern of the communication skills score rated from the clinical instructor perspective to the student and patient perspectives. The use of PCAI, SCAI and CCAI collectively gave a complementary view of students' communication performance in all the domains assessed.
Assessing the effectiveness of long‐term monitoring of the Broad‐toothed Rat in the Barrington Tops National Park, Australia
Authors: Alley Charlotte , Beard Peter , Clulow John , Griffin Andrea , Fawcett Adam , James Geoffrey , Hayward Matt W. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryBiodiversity monitoring is crucial for effective conservation efforts. Effective monitoring allows managers to determine the status and trends of biodiversity, as well as the success of conservation actions. The population of the Broad‐toothed Rats (Mastacomys fuscus) in the Barrington Tops National Park New South Wales, Australia has been monitored since 1999 via scat and live‐trapping surveys. We reviewed the methods used and analysed the data produced with the aim of describing patterns of population change over time using a range of outcome variables and identifying different climate correlates. A secondary aim was to explore the use of population statistics that account for imperfect detection by comparing naïve occupancy, with an index of relative abundance based on trap effort, the latency to find scats during scat surveys and an occupancy model based on trapping surveys. Neither of these three methods accounts for detectability variation. Naïve occupancy decreased slightly over time, while the relative abundance based on trap effort revealed no evidence of change. Additionally, naïve occupancy decreased with increasing temperature while temperature had no clear impact on relative abundance. Finally, precipitation had no impact on either naïve occupancy or relative abundance. We found no evidence of a relationship between the latency to find scats and the index of relative abundance, suggesting that one or neither is related to actual abundance. Finally, a multi‐season occupancy model found occupancy probability to be 0.78 ± 0.23 (standard error); detection probability as 0.51 ± 0.06; seasonal colonisation rate as 0.36 ± 0.13 and seasonal extinction rate at 0.44 ± 0.13. We conclude that despite significant investment in monitoring, this historical data set does not allow managers to ascertain whether population change has occurred and to identify potential drivers of change. Careful consideration of future methods, in particular, whether there is imperfect detection in scat surveys, will help to inform future monitoring.
Clinical application of the wooden shoe to complement surgical management of laminitis and other foot‐related disease in the horse: A report of three cases
Authors: Torrent‐Crosa Albert , Kamus Louis , O'Grady Stephen E. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryThis article describes three cases in which severe foot pathology was managed with surgery and the application of a wooden shoe. Although all three horses would have fulfilled the grounds for humane euthanasia, they were successfully managed and had a favourable outcome. This article supports current farriery concepts and shows how the wooden shoe can effectively redistribute the horse's weight on the solar surface of the foot, alleviate foot pain, enhance foot biomechanics and serve as a valuable tool for veterinarians and farriers in post‐surgical management of laminitis and other foot‐related injuries.
Urban environments provide new perspectives for forecasting vegetation phenology responses under climate warming
Authors: Yang Lu , Zhao Shuqing , Liu Shuguang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGiven that already‐observed temperature increase within cities far exceeds the projected global temperature rise by the end of the century, urban environments often offer a unique opportunity for studying ecosystem response to future warming. However, the validity of thermal gradients in space serving as a substitute for those in time is rarely tested. Here, we investigated vegetation phenology dynamics in China's 343 cities and empirically test whether phenological responses to spatial temperature rise in urban settings can substitute for those to temporal temperature rise in their natural counterparts based on satellite‐derived vegetation phenology and land surface temperature from 2003 to 2018. We found prevalent advancing spring phenology with “high confidence” and delaying autumn phenology with “medium confidence” under the context of widespread urban warming. Furthermore, we showed that space cannot substitute for time in predicting phenological shifts under climate warming at the national scale and for most cities. The thresholds of ~11°C mean annual temperature and ~600 mm annual precipitation differentiated the magnitude of phenological sensitivity to temperature across space and through time. Below those thresholds, there existed stronger advanced spring phenology and delayed autumn phenology across the spatial urbanization gradients than through time, and vice versa. Despite the complex and diverse relationships between phenological sensitivities across space and through time, we found that the directions of the temperature changes across spatial gradients were converged (i.e., mostly increased), but divergent through temporal gradients (i.e., increased or decreased without a predominant direction). Similarly, vegetation phenology changes more uniformly over space than through time. These results suggested that the urban environments provide a real‐world condition to understand vegetation phenology response under future warming.
A mesoplankton biomass decline in the Central Atlantic coupled with an increase of surface temperature and an expansion of low‐productive zones
Authors: Vereshchaka A. L. , Mikaelyan A. S. , Piontkovski S. A. , Lunina A. A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimClimate‐driven trends in environmental processes and their effect on marine ecosystems remain poorly understood despite an obvious decrease in marine biological resources which undergo changes in stock size mediated by phyto‐ and mesoplankton. A mesoplankton multiannual dataset is one of the best tools to elucidate general trends in marine ecosystems.LocationOligo‐ and mesotrophic waters of the Central Atlantic.Time Period1950–2016.Major Taxa StudiedChaetognatha, Cnidaria, Crustacea, Mollusca.MethodsWet mesoplankton biomass (B) values were estimated in 1159 mesoplankton (animals 0.5–30.0 mm long) samples collected in the open ocean epipelagic (0–200 m) in 1950–2016. We ran Generalized Linear Mixed Models and analysed general trends in B, in satellite‐derived surface chlorophyll (Chl, as a proxy of phytoplankton biomass in 1998–2015), and surface temperature (SST, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, 1948–2015). We further compared the multiannual trends in B, SST, Chl and in space of the oligotrophic and mesotrophic Chl contours in selected regions and in the whole Central Atlantic.ResultsWe showed a statistically significant decline of B within the whole Central Atlantic (9‐fold during 1950–2016) and within each of the three selected regions. These trends were always coupled with other statistically significant effects: increase of SST, decline of Chl, expansion of Chl‐depleted areas and shrinkage of Chl‐enriched areas.Main ConclusionsThe results unveil the following causal relationship in the Central Atlantic: SST increase → strengthening of stratification → Chl decline—expansion of low‐productive areas → B decrease, which, along with existing prognostic climate models, suggests future mesoplankton decline in the Central Tropical Atlantic. The decline in Chl and B is expected to amplify decrease of higher trophic levels biomass and thus to result in changes in the marine food webs. Observed changes in biomass and production will imply direct repercussions for world fisheries and other services provided by Ocean.
Global depth distribution of belowground net primary productivity and its drivers
Authors: Xiao Liujun , Wang Guocheng , Chang Jinfeng , Chen Yaoyao , Guo Xiaowei , Mao Xiali , Wang Mingming , Zhang Shuai , Shi Zhou , Luo Yiqi , Cheng Lei , Yu Kailiang , Mo Fei , Luo Zhongkui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to infer the allocation of belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) to sequential soil depths down to 2 m across the globe at a 1 km resolution and assess underlying environmental drivers.LocationGlobal.Time PeriodContemporary (1932–2017).Major Taxa StudiedTerrestrial plants.MethodsGlobal datasets including field net primary production (NPP, i.e., the difference between plant assimilated and respired carbon) from 725 soil profiles, root biomass and its depth distribution from 559 soil profiles were compiled and used to infer the depth distribution of BNPP across the globe and digitally map depth‐resolved BNPP globally at 1 km resolution. Drivers of the depth distribution of BNPP were evaluated using machine learning‐based models.ResultsGlobal average BNPP allocated to the 0–20 cm soil layer is estimated to be 1.1 Mg C ha−1 yr−1, accounting for ~60% of total BNPP. Across the globe, the depth distribution of BNPP varies largely, and more BNPP is allocated to deeper layers in hotter and drier regions. Edaphic, climatic and topographic properties (in order of importance) explain >80% of such variability; and the direction and magnitude of the influence of individual properties are soil depth‐ and biome‐dependent.Main ConclusionsThe findings suggest that mean annual temperature and precipitation are the two most important factors regulating BNPP across the globe. Soil properties such as soil actual evaporation and total nitrogen also play a vital role in regulating the depth distribution of BNPP. The maps of BNPP provide global benchmarks of depth‐resolved BNPP for the prediction of whole‐profile soil carbon dynamics across biomes.
Cut‐off values for severe low muscle strength and skeletal muscle mass in post‐acute patients with sarcopenia
Authors: Nagano Fumihiko , Yoshimura Yoshihiro , Matsumoto Ayaka , Sato Yoichi , Abe Takafumi , Bise Takahiro , Kido Yoshifumi , Shimazu Sayuri , Shiraishi Ai 
Published: May 2023

AimThis study aimed to calculate the cut‐off values for severe decline in muscle strength and skeletal muscle mass in post‐acute patients with sarcopenia and to determine their effect on activities of daily living.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients with sarcopenia consecutively admitted to a Japanese rehabilitation hospital between 2014 and 2016. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on handgrip strength and skeletal muscle mass index. The outcome was the functional independence measure of motor function at discharge. Cut‐off values for predicting severe decline in handgrip strength and skeletal muscle mass index were calculated separately by sex. Values below the cut‐off were used to define severely low handgrip strength and severely low skeletal muscle mass index.ResultsOverall, 451 patients (median age, 83 years; 61.4% women) were evaluated. The median functional independence measure of motor function score at discharge was 57. The optimal cut‐off values for severely low handgrip strength were 9.0 kg for women and 14.6 kg for men, and those for severely low skeletal muscle mass index were 4.6 kg/m2 for women and 5.6 kg/m2 for men. Severely low handgrip strength and skeletal muscle mass index were independently associated with the functional independence measure of motor function score at discharge (β = −0.178, P = 0.005).ConclusionsIn post‐acute patients with sarcopenia, a severe decline in muscle strength and skeletal muscle mass is further negatively associated with an improvement in activities of daily living. The cut‐off values herein can serve as indicators to assess sarcopenia severity. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 493–499.