bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain Tumor Vascularity Estimation by Arterial Spin Label Perfusion MRI—A Preoperative Tool for Patient Prognostication
Authors: Rai Nidhi , Jamwal Rupi , Singh Bhanu Pratap , Gupta Jyoti , Shankar K. B. , Zaheer Sufiyan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction Brain tumors remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality around the globe. Preoperative estimation of tumor vascularity is of great significance for a neurosurgeon. Aim of our study was to correlate tumor blood flow (TBF) using arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging (ASL-PI) with microvessel density (MVD), tumor grade, and preoperative prognostication of brain tumors.
Materials and Methods This was a prospective observational cross-sectional study conducted in 63 patients of primary brain tumors already referred for magnetic resonance imaging. Absolute and relative mean and maximum TBF were calculated using ASL-PI and correlated with tumor grade and MVD at 10x and 40x magnificantion; thereby stydying the role of ASL-PI in brain tumor prognostication.
Results The mean of maxTBF values (mL/min/100 g) in the gliomas group, meningiomas group, schwannoma group, craniopharyngioma group, and hemangioblastoma group was 147.15, 251.55, 96.43, 43.3, and 578.3, respectively. The median of maxTBF value in the gliomas group, meningiomas group, schwannoma group, craniopharyngioma group, and hemangioblastoma group was 131.5, 158.63, 94.5, 43.4, and 578.3, respectively.
Discussion Significant correlation between meanTBF and MVD at 10X magnification (p-value < 0.001, rho =0.88) and a positive correlation between meanTBF and MVD at 40X magnification (p-value < 0.001) were seen. Significant correlation was also seen between maxTBF and MVD at 10X magnification (p-value < 0.001, rho = 0.91) and between maxTBF and MVD at 40X magnification. TBF in case of the hemangioblastoma was higher than other types of brain tumors (gliomas, meningiomas, and schwannomas). HighTBF value was seen in high-grade gliomas compared with low-grade gliomas with worse prognosis. TBF was high in typical meningiomas whereas low in atypical meningioma.
Conclusion TBF by ASL-PI can be considered a noninvasive in vivo marker in predicting the grade of brain tumors and further assist in envisaging prognosis of the patients with brain tumors.
Geospatial Analysis of Malnutrition among Under-Five Children: A Scoping Review
Authors: Dmello Mackwin Kenwood , Badiger Sanjeev , Kumar Sudeep , Galey Karma , Kumar Nanjesh , Dsouza Neevan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNutritional status is one of the important factors that indicate children's proper development and growth. The geospatial analytic approach is useful in describing and analyzing the characteristics, depth, and coverage of the malnutrition burden among under-five children. This current scoping review was performed to systematically map the spatial analytical techniques and approaches applied in nutrition among under-five children. An organized online database search was conducted to identify articles published between 1995 and 2021 on under-five nutrition and spatial statistic in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of 80 distinct articles were identified, of which 34 articles were used for the final review. A spatial statistical correlation was mainly used (n = 15), followed by Bayesian spatial modelling (n = 7), Global Moran's technique (n = 9), and Getis-Ord (n = 3). Nine studies in India concerning spatial analysis and undernutrition were conducted based on a national-level demographic health survey. There is a need for future spatial studies related to nutrition and under-five children at the sub-national level in India.
Comparison of Estrogen Receptor Status and Ki-67 Index in Core Needle Biopsy and Resected Specimen of Breast Carcinoma
Authors: E. Geoffrey Sundar , HL Kishan Prasad , K. Jayaprakash Shetty , Rao Chandrika , K. Apoorva 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background and Objectives The status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67 expression in core needle biopsy and excision specimens has concurrent results, but many show discordance. However, only a few studies on the subject are available in India. Therefore, this study aims to compare the ER and Ki-67 expression status in core needle biopsy and excision specimens of breast carcinoma.
Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional analytical study, 50 breast carcinoma cases were histopathologically examined for ER and Ki-67 expression in both core needle biopsy and excision specimen. The interpreter was blinded for the evaluation of ER and Ki-67 expression index and the data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 27.
Results The average age of the participants was 50 years and breast lump was the most common presenting complaint in all the cases. The concordance rate of histological typing between core needle biopsy and excision specimens was 96%, and the majority were invasive ductal carcinoma (60%) and not otherwise specified (48%) having Nottingham histologic grade 3 (46%). The concordance rate between core needle biopsy and excision specimen for ER and Ki-67 expression was 86% (n = 43) and 54% (n = 27), respectively. Most of the cases were found to be luminal A type (38%). Additionally, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ER between core needle biopsy and excision specimen were 78.79, 100, 100, and 70.83%, respectively; however, these were 44, 64, 55, and 53.33%, respectively, for Ki-67.
Conclusion Although the concordance of the ER status between core needle biopsy and excision specimen was substantial, the discordance rate of Ki-67 was found to be high. Hence, relying solely on core needle biopsy for critical decision-making is inadvisable; however, core needle biopsy can be used as an initial procedure to examine histology and receptor status, Therefore, it is better to reconsider performing immunohistochemistry for the excision specimen, more importantly in ER-negative cases, to benefit the patient with targeted therapy.
Aerobic Exercise Modulates Visceral Adipose Tissue of Estrogen Deprived Rats in an Experimental Model of Dyslipidemia
Authors: Magalhães Walkyria Villegas , Chucata Kemily Loren Barros , Dsouki Nuha Ahmad , Nucci Ricardo Aparecido Baptista , Veloso Aparecida Gabriela Bexiga , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , Maifrino Laura Beatriz Mesiano 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction Menopausal women have an increase deposition of body fat and changes in the lipid profile, being especially susceptible to cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes. However, physical activity can mitigate this situation. Thus, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of moderate aerobic exercise on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of female LDL-receptor knockout ovariectomized mice. Methods We used 48 animals, divided into six groups (n = 8/per group): sedentary control (SC), sedentary ovariectomized control (SCO), trained ovariectomized control (TCO), sedentary non-ovariectomized LDL-receptor knockout (KS), sedentary ovariectomized LDL-receptor knockout (KOS), and trained LDL-receptor knockout ovariectomized (KOT). We analyzed the VAT through morphometric and stereological parameters in hematoxylin and eosin stained sections. Additionally, we evaluated biochemical parameters as glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Finally, immunohistochemical techniques for matrix remodeling, inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress were evaluated. Results We observed that menopause is related to increased visceral adiposity, inflammation, oxidative stress, macrophages activity, serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. However, exercise was effective in reducing these parameters, as well as being associated with increased vascularization of VAT and interstitial volume density. Conclusions Moderate exercise is a key factor in mitigating the effects of dyslipidemia in estrogen deprivation. However, further studies are needed to corroborate with our findings.
Vitamin D and its Relationship to Ocular Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zuniga Rubén David dos Reis , Lamegal Miguel Vida , Rodrigues Danielle Bueno , Veiga Glaucia Luciano da , Pereira Edimar Cristiano , Gascón Thaís Moura , Alves Beatriz da Costa Aguiar , Leça Renato Galão Cerquinho , Lima Vagner Loduca , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction Vitamin D plays a vital role in the proper functioning of various systems of the human body. Conventionally, it is known that its deficiency can impair, among other factors, calcium homeostasis, bone metabolism, and immune system regulation. Besides having anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties, 25(OH)D also acts in maintaining the integrity of the human retina, favoring the idea of it being a protective factor for certain ocular diseases.
Objective Therefore, the purpose of this review was to collect data from the literature which support the importance of vitamin D for ocular health.
Methods Through the Scientific Electronic Library Online and the National Library of Medicine databases, a compendium was created on the subject.
Results In total, 31 articles in English published between 2016 and 2020 were found. These articles were reviewed and categorized by diseases in order to study each disorder thoroughly. It is noticed that 25(OH) D is, in fact, a potential protective factor against such diseases, including diseases that affect both the surface of the cornea and the ocular tissues that have vitamin D receptors.
Conclusion Vitamin D is a protective hormone in the eye, and its deficiency is related to a variety of ocular diseases. Therefore, the supplementation of 25(OH)D can be considered as a complementary treatment for patients with these diseases, since it brings relevant benefits.
Common Precipitating Factors of Xerostomia in Elderly
Authors: Sutarjo Femalia Nuril Ain , Rinthani Maryam Fathiya , Brahmanikanya Gisela Lalita , Parmadiati Adiastuti Endah , Radhitia Desiana , Mahdani Fatma Yasmin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractXerostomia is a subjective sign of dry mouth t may or may not be accompanied by objective signs of hyposalivation. The condition of xerostomia has been associated with increasing age in line with the aging process, with a global prevalence of 30%. in the elderly aged 65 years and above. This can have an impact on the health and quality of life of the elderly. Also, xerostomia is the most common symptom in patients during periods of anxiety, stress, depression, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and systemic diseases, as well as in individuals who have a history of polypharmacy or who use certain drugs. This study aimed to review the most recent available evidence regarding the most common causes of xerostomia in the elderly. The PCC strategy (population, context, and concept) was used as a guide for retrieving the relevant articles for this scoping review. Two databases were systematically searched using PubMed and Scopus. The draft of the scoping review and assessment of the methodological quality of the trials was carried out following the criteria of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). A total of 12 trials were identified that met the previously defined selection and quality criteria; 9 related to medicine, and 4 included populations in which xerostomia was a systemic disease, rheumatic disease, radiation therapy to the head or neck region, nutrition, and psychological factors. The common precipitating factor of xerostomia in the elderly is medicine. Drugs that are more commonly found to cause xerostomia are gastrointestinal drugs, psychotropic drugs, and antihypertensive drugs.
Reliability of an Innovative Slab Shear versus Microtensile Bond Strength Test: Mechanical and Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Abo-Alazm Emad Abd Elfatah , Abdou Ahmed , Hassouneh Layla , Safy Rehab Khalil 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of slab shear bond strength test (Slab_SBS) versus the microtensile in evaluation of the bond strength of different substrates.
Materials and Methods Forty-eight extracted caries-free human third molars were utilized for teeth specimens' preparation. After flattening of all molars' occlusal table, the specimens were divided into two groups based on the type of utilized restorative material: nanohybrid resin composite and resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI). Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups according to the subsequently applied bond strength test and specimen width; microtensile bond strength test (μTBS), Slab_SBS [2 mm] and Slab_SBS [3 mm]. Both testing methods were additionally applied on CAD/CAM specimens, nanohybrid resin composite blocks (composite-to-composite), and ceramic blocks (ceramic-to-ceramic). CAD/CAM specimens were prepared and cemented and then sectioned and subdivided as followed for teeth specimens' preparation. Pretest failures (PTF), bond strength, and failure mode of each specimen were recorded. Representative three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) models were developed to simulate μTBS and Slab_SBS specimens. Data were statistically analyzed using Shapiro–Wilk test and Weibull analysis.
Results Pretest failures were only noted in the μTBS subgroups. Slab_SBS provided comparable bond strength to the μTBS of all substrates with adhesive mode of failure.
Conclusion Slab_SBS is easier to prepare with consistent and predictable outcome with no pretest failures during specimen preparation and better stress distribution.
Optical Characteristics of Monochrome and Multilayer Fully Stabilized Zirconia Upon Sintered Cooling Speed
Authors: Uasuwan Pithiwat , Juntavee Niwut , Juntavee Apa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objectives Firing protocols influence optical properties of dental ceramics. Effects of varying cooling rates of monochrome and multilayer 5 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal polycrystalline (5YTZP) on optical properties are subjected for investigation.
Materials and Methods Ninety specimens (width, length, thickness = 10 × 20 × 2 mm) were prepared from monochrome (Mo: Cercon xt) and multilayer (Mu: Cercon xt ML with cervical (C) and incisal (I) zoning) 5YTZP. Specimens were sintered and randomly treated with three cooling rates (n = 15/group): slow (S: 5°C/min), normal (N: 35°C/min), and fast (F: 70°C/min). Color appearance (∆EW), color appearance difference (∆E
diff), translucency parameter (TP), contrast ratio (CR), and opalescence parameter (OP) were evaluated in CIEL*a*b* (Commission International de I'Eclairage) system. ∆E
diff was achieved from the coordinate difference of specimen to VITA classic shade A2. Microstructures and compositions were evaluated by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Monoclinic (m), tetragonal (t), and cubic (c) phases were investigated with X-ray diffraction.
Statistical Analysis An analysis of variance and Bonferroni multiple comparisons were determined for significant differences (p < 0.05).
Results ΔEW of MoF was highest (66.04 ± 1.86), while MuN-I was lowest (62.60 ± 0.86). TP and OP of MoS were highest at 2.85 ± 0.11, and 2.25 ± 0.10, while MuF-I was lowest at 2.16 ± 0.10 and 1.60 ± 0.12. CR of MuF-I was highest (0.948 ± 0.005), while MoS was lowest (0.936 ± 0.005). ΔEdiff of MoF was highest (3.83), while MuN-I was lowest (0.93). Limited grain growth and m-phase composition were indicated upon fast cooling. There were significant differences for all color parameters due to varied materials, cooling rates, and their interactions (p < 0.05) except for interaction in ∆EW and OP.
Conclusions Translucency of monochrome and multilayer 5YTZP were different, possibly due to colorant additives. Incisal layer of multilayer 5YTZP was perfectly matched with VITA shade. Increasing cooling speed resulted in smaller grain size, t-m transformation, and finally lower translucency and opalescence. Therefore, to achieve most favorable optical properties, slow cooling rate is recommended.
Exploring Leadership Competencies and Mentoring Needs of Physical and Occupational Therapy Leaders in the United States
Authors: Rutschke Mica , Fick John 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Study Design The current study used a phenomenological qualitative design to investigate leadership competencies and mentoring needs of physical and occupational therapy leaders.
Objectives The purpose of the study was to evaluate leadership competencies of physical and occupational therapy leaders based on years of leadership experience and determine their mentoring needs for developing leadership competencies.
Background Personnel shortages are a major issue in health care, and health care organizations should focus on professional development of health care leaders for better staff retention.
Methods and Measures Nonprobability convenience sampling was used to recruit physical and occupational therapists currently working as therapy leaders in the United States. A self-developed, two-part structured interview guide was created and contained three demographic questions regarding leadership and four open-ended questions. Before the interview, participants reviewed the National Center for Healthcare Leadership Health Leadership Competency Model 3.0, which discusses seven domains of leadership competency, and the interview guide. Interviews took ∼30 to 45 minutes and were conducted using Zoom. NVivo software was used to code interviews for themes, and identified themes were grouped into five categories of years of leadership experience.
Results Twenty-five physical and occupational therapists participated in the study. Participants in all five experience categories identified collaboration and communication as leadership competencies they possessed. Other identified competencies were analytical thinking, team leadership, accountability, and professional and social responsibility. Human resource management, financial skills, and relationship and network development were identified as mentoring needs for developing leadership competencies by participants in all categories. Information technology management and self-confidence were also identified.
Conclusions By determining the current leadership competencies and mentoring needs, the results of the current study may be useful for establishing leaders who can address personnel shortages in health care.
Tooth Graft: An Umbrella Overview
Authors: Hashemi Sara , Tabatabaei Shivasadat , Fathi Amirhossein , Asadinejad Seyedeh Mohadeseh , Atash Ramin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis umbrella review aims to evaluate systematic/meta-analysis studies containing clinical evidence on tooth grafts as bone substitutes in the oral and maxillofacial regions. Using language restrictions and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, an electronic database search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar was conducted, featuring published studies up until August 2022. All systematic/meta-analysis review articles relating to tooth graft materials were matched against the inclusion criteria. Two qualified researchers independently assessed the studies' inclusion or exclusion criteria and risk of bias, and a third investigator assisted in resolving ambiguities. A total of 81 systematic/meta-analysis studies, comprising 21 animal-controlled trials, 23 randomized controlled human trials, 23 prospective studies, and 14 retrospective studies, were selected for this study. A small risk of bias was observed in systematic studies/meta-analyses. In addition, the clinical evidence from the analysis of these studies revealed a low incidence of side effects. According to the current review, two systematic reviews indicated that autogenous bone grafting of prepared teeth might be as effective as other bone grafting materials. Four studies also mentioned autologous grafts as potential alternatives to autologous grafts, autogenous demineralized dentin (ADDM), engineered grafts, root blocks, and dental matrix. On the other hand, three systematic studies stated that more long-term research is needed to confirm their findings. Finally, given the importance of standardization and homogeneity of studies for clinical cases, it is advised to be used cautiously due to the risks of transplant rejection.
Neuro-navigation: Equipment, Tips, and Tricks on Brain Navigated Surgery
Authors: Kingsly Enoh Nkongho , Bozkurt Ismail , Chaurasia Bipin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNeuronavigation is a system composed of advanced intraoperative equipment where a virtual link is created between digital images and anatomical structures such that intra-axial lesions are precisely located and removed safely and efficiently. Thus, neuronavigation has enormously increased the success rate of brain and spinal cord surgery compared to the era in which it did not exist. This article takes a look at and emphasizes, as a reminder, the benefits of neuronavigation, equipment used, equipment setup, tips and tricks on preoperative preparation of patients' images, and future perspectives on neuronavigation and equipment, aspects that are very rare in literature. A commonly used neuronavigation system is described, with regard to its parts, setup, instructions, and tips and tricks. This narrative review allows the reader to grasp the main aspects of neuronavigation, the functions of all the aspects, and what to expect during brain surgery. Although training with neuronavigation is a given in most developed parts of the world, in underdeveloped and developing countries the lack of equipment does not allow most neurosurgeons to have a first-hand experience. This article has aimed to ease the learning curve for neurosurgeons that are unfamiliar with neuronavigation.
Understanding the Risk of Peri-Implantitis
Authors: Das Dipanjan , Shenoy Nina , Shetty Smitha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlthough implant therapy has been identified as a successful and predictable treatment for partially and completely edentulous patients, complications and failures can occur. There are two main categories of complications that occur in implant therapy: biological and technical (mechanical). Peri-implantitis is considered as a biological complication that results in bone loss around implants and may lead to implant treatment failure. Peri-implantitis has become a topic of major interest in contemporary dentistry due to its higher prevalence. Even though the main etiologic agent is bacterial biofilm, a myriad of factors influences the initiation and progression of peri-implant disease. The knowledge of the impact of peri-implantitis on the outcome of treatment with oral implants as well as the identification of risk factors associated with this inflammatory condition is essential for the development of supportive maintenance programs and the establishment of prevention protocols. Thus, this article reviews the recent evidence on the factors that may predispose implants to peri-implantitis.