bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XRD, SEM, Thermal and Optical Properties of TeO 2 -ZnCl 2 -Nb 2 O 5 -TiO 2 Based Glass System According to Preparation Temperatures
Authors: Kabalci Idris , Abdullah Taufiq 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study is to design a unique glass network composed of TeO2-ZnCl2-Nb2O5-TiO2 to investigate the optical, thermal and microstructural properties. In this experiment, the proposed glass network was produced using melt quenching method. The optical properties and optical band-gap was derived from the UV-VIS spectrophotometry experiment. Following the optical properties, the thermal and microstructural properties including the melting point and the transition phase was calculated through Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA/DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM-EDX). Optical bandgap energy (Eg) was computed using the range of 400nm-800nm wavelength. The estimated optical bandgap of the prepared glass samples varied from 2.60 eV up to 2.88 eV. As a conclusion, tellurite based oxide glass materials have become very much promising candidate in the areas like fiber optics, optical communication, white LED, quantum dot, quantum computing, laser technology, photonics and many other applications.
Influence of Land Use on Soil Microbial Communities of Sub Himalayas of India: Insights from Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles, Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Profiles, Soil Enzymes, and Carbon Pools.
Authors: Kumar Arun Kumar K , Singh Raj Deo Singh , Sahu Sanjat Kumar Sahu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Land use and management practices have a significant impact on soil microbial populations and community composition, thereby influencing ecosystem processes. Soil microbial and biochemical indicators serve as highly sensitive tools for assessing the effects of land use systems. In this study, we investigated soils under ten different land use systems in the Central Himalayas, India, including natural forests dominated by oak (Quercus incana), deodar (Cedrus deodara), or pine (Pinus roxburghii) trees, orchards dominated by apple trees, and crop-based systems in uplands and valleys. We examined phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid (PLFA) profiles, soil enzymes, Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (RISA) profiles, microbial biomass carbon and organic carbon as effected by land use. The results revealed that forest soils had significantly higher levels of soil enzymes compared to agricultural soils. Microbial biomass carbon and organic carbon showed a close relationship with the PLFA profiles across different land uses. Gram-positive bacteria (15:0 iso, 16:1 iso G, 16:1 iso H), gram-negative bacteria (10:0 2OH, 12:0 3OH, 17:0 cyc, 19:0cyc 8c, 18:1ω7c11), fungi (18:1ω9c), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (16:1) exhibited higher relative abundance in forest systems, whereas gram-positive PLFA markers (C15:0 anteiso, C17:0 iso, C17:0 anteiso) were more prominent in agro-ecosystems. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the PLFA profiles demonstrated that the microbial communities in deodar forest soils were compositionally distinct from other forest soils, while the cultivated soils were grouped together and exhibited higher similarity, except for the organic farming soil. The correlation between PLFA profiles and soil enzymes, microbial biomass carbon, and organic carbon provides insights into the impact of different land use and management practices on soil microbial health and, consequently, soil health.
3D Printed Fluidic Swab for COVID-19 Testing with Improved Diagnostic Yield and User Comfort
Authors: Kim Joochan , Jeon Jaehyung , Jang Hyowon , Moon Youngkwang , Abafogi Abdurhaman Teyib , Noort Danny van , Lee Jinkee , kang Taejoon , Park Sungsu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The current standard method of diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) involves uncomfortable and invasive nasopharyngeal (NP) sampling using cotton swabs (CS), which can be unsuitable for self-testing. Although mid-turbinate sampling is an alternative, it has a lower diagnostic yield than NP sampling. Nasal wash (NW) has a similar diagnostic yield to NP sampling, but is cumbersome to perform. In this study, we introduce a 3D printed fluidic swab (3DPFS) that enables easy NW sampling for COVID-19 testing with improved diagnostic yield. The 3DPFS comprises a swab head, microchannel, and socket that can be connected to a syringe containing 250 µL of NW solution. The 3DPFS efficiently collects nasal fluid from the surface of the nasal cavity, resulting in higher sensitivity than CS for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This was confirmed by both reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and lateral flow assays (LFA) in virus-spiked nasal samples and clinical samples. Additionally, users reported greater comfort when using the 3DPFS compared to CS. These findings suggest that the 3DPFS can improve the performance of COVID-19 testing by facilitating efficient and less painful nasal sample collection.
Minocycline mitigates tau pathology via modulating the TLR-4/NF-кβ signalling pathway in the hippocampus of Alzheimer disease’s rat model
Authors: Qaid Entesar Yaseen Abdo , Abdullah Zuraidah , Zakaria Rahimah , Long Idris 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
The neuroinflammatory response was seen to impact the formation of phosphorylated tau protein in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of minocycline in reducing phosphorylated tau protein formation in the hippocampus of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rats.
Methods
Fifty adult male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated to 1 of 5 groups: control, LPS (5 mg/kg), LPS + minocycline (25 mg/kg), LPS + minocycline (50 mg/kg) and LPS + memantine (10 mg/kg). Minocycline and memantine were administered intraperitoneally (i.p) for two weeks, and LPS was injected i.p. once on day 5. ELISA was used to determine the level of phosphorylated tau protein in SD rats' hippocampal tissue. The density and expression of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-кβ), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 were determined using Western blot and immunohistochemistry.
Results
Minocycline, like memantine, prevented LPS-induced increase in phosphorylated tau protein level via reduced density and expression of TLR-4, NF-кβ, TNF-α and COX-2 proteins in rat hippocampal tissue. Interestingly, higher doses were shown to be more neuroprotective than lower doses.
Conclusion
This study suggests that minocycline suppresses the neuroinflammation signalling pathway and decreased phosphorylated tau protein formation induced by LPS in a dose-dependent manner. Minocycline has been recommended can be used as a preventative and therapeutic drug for neuroinflammatory diseases such as AD.
Investigations of CZEUM cultures reveal new genera and species of Cladochytriales (Cladochytriomycetes, Chytridiomycota)
Authors: Jeronimo Gustavo Henrique , Simmons D. Rabern , Longcore Joyce E , James Timothy Y. , Amses Kevin R. , Seto Kensuke , Pires-Zottarelli Carmen L.A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cladochytriales comprises a taxonomic order and lineage of chytrid fungi that are primarily saprobes of organic matter in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The order contains species from twelve genera, though molecular confirmations of almost all type species are lacking, and many genera are considered polyphyletic. We conducted phylogenetic analyses of ribosomal RNA genes and developmental morphology comparisons of Cladochytriales isolates from the Collection of Zoosporic Eufungi at the University of Michigan and noted some strains that were distinct from described genera. The present phylogeny represents the most comprehensive analysis of Cladochytriales to date with three strongly supported clades, representing Cladochytriaceae, Nowakowskiellaceae and Septochytriaceae. Additionally, Endochytriaceae represented by only one strain of Endochytrium ramosum was sister to Septochytriaceae, Nephrochytrium sp. JEL125 was sister to Cladochytriaceae, while the incertae sedis lineage formed by the new species Thomazella caroliniana was sister to Nowakowskiellaceae. A thorough revision of the order is needed because some genera, such as Catenochytridium and Nephrochytrium, remain polyphyletic or paraphyletic. In addition to indicating these problems, our updated phylogeny supports the description of five new genera and six new species and thereby begins to bring the knowledge of the Cladochytriales up to date.
The relationship between self-confidence and attitude of prehospital emergency personnel towards family presence during resuscitation
Authors: Najafi Jaber , Gilani Neda , Ghafourifard Mansour , Hassankhani Hadi , Dadashzadeh Abbas , Zali Mahnaz 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The presence of family members during the resuscitation of patients is considered a controversial issue in the worldwide. The present study aimed to examine the prehospital emergency personnel self-confidence and attitude towards family presence during resuscitation (FPDR).
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, a random sample of 252 prehospital emergency personnel were selected from 110 prehospital emergency centers. Two main questionnaire was used to collect the data on the self-confidences and attitudes of the prehospital emergency personnel towards FPDR. The SPSS software (version 26) was used to perform the data analysis.
Results
The results showed that the standardized score of the personnel’ attitudes towards FPDR was lower than the mean value (43.69 ± 19.40). Furthermore, more than 85% of them stated that the resuscitation process was stressful for the patients’ companions. There was a positive correlation between the personnel’ self-confidence and their attitudes towards FPDR (r = 0.52, p < 0.01). The results showed that the smaller numbers of the present family members during resuscitation were associated with the personnel members’ higher levels of self-confidence and their more positive attitudes towards FPDR. Moreover, the personnel members who were highly experienced, had liability insurance, and had attended the advanced resuscitation courses were significantly more self-confident than the other personnel members.
Conclusion
A large number of the EMS personnel members have negative attitudes towards FPDR. Therefore, it is possible to improve the personnel members’ attitudes towards FPDR and to increase their self-confidence by recruiting experienced personnel and training them for resuscitation in the presence of family, ensuring the timely presence of the support team, and preventing the people from gathering at the resuscitation scenes.
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals the functional heterogeneity and clinical signification of pericyte subpopulations in gliomas
Authors: Guo Ying , Liu Yu-Qi , Zhang Xiao-Ning , Liu Qing , Li Tian-Ran , Yin Wen , He Zhi-Cheng , Lv Sheng-Qing , Li Fei , Luo Chun-Hua , Luo Min , Wang Wen-Ying , Mao Min , Cheng Yue , Yang Ying , Wang Chao , Wu Chen-Chen , Ye Shuang-Hui , Niu Qin , Li Ding-Shan , An Le-Le , Yao Xiao-Hong , Shi Yu , Bian Xiu-Wu , Ping Yi-Fang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Gliomas are not only among the most vascular-rich solid tumors, but also the most common primary brain tumors. The vascular morphology and molecular characteristics of gliomas are heterogeneous. Pericytes are one of the important cell components in glioma vascular structure and are highly heterogenies. However, the heterogeneity of pericytes in gliomas is not clear, and the biological characteristics and clinical significance of different subpopulations of pericytes are still unknown. An in-depth understanding of pericyte characteristics based on gene expression profiling, as well as the correlation of pericytes and the clinical prognosis of glioma are important prerequisites for the development of follow-up targeted vascular therapy. In this study, the heterogeneity of pericytes in glioma was revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing technique, the relationship between pericyte subpopulations and patient survival, prognosis and treatment response were clarified, and the MMP9+ pericytes were identified as a unique pericyte subpopulation in the core area of glioma, providing theoretical basis for analyzing the characteristics of vascular microenvironment of glioma and new targets for anti-vascular therapy of glioma.
Synthesis and characterization of magnetic oxide nanoparticle-impregnated natural clay for environmental remediation: Removal of Acid Fuschin from medical laboratory wastewater through adsorption
Authors: Ahmed Harez Rashid 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study presents a novel approach to utilizing natural clay, specifically those with high smectite content, impregnated with magnetic oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) for Acid Fuschin Dye (AFD) adsorption from aqueous solutions. The results indicate that Fe3O4-Natural Clay demonstrated significant potential for AFD removal through traditional adsorption processes. The effective Magnetic Oxide Nanoparticle-impregnated Natural Clay (MON) was characterized using XRD, SEM-EDS, FTIR, and N2 adsorption-desorption techniques, confirming a porous surface structure with a high surface area. The adsorption capacity of AFD for MON was found to reach equilibrium after 60 to 120 minutes, with an initial pH of 9. The Pseudo-Second-Order model accurately described the chemisorption process of AFD adsorption, while the Freundlich isotherm model consistently provided a better fit for the data than the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic analysis of the MON adsorbent revealed that adsorption was exothermic and spontaneous, with entropic changes at the solid-liquid interface. The results suggest that the adsorption of AFD dye was favorable for the system's enthalpy but unfavorable for its entropy. Given the high surface area and enhanced adsorption capacity of MON, it shows great potential as a promising adsorbent for AFD removal in wastewater treatment.
Evaluation of epidemiological mapping strategies and diagnostic tool for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis in hypo-endemic Amaya district, South-Western Ethiopia
Authors: Taddese Boja Dufera , Indris Hassen Mamo , Tafa Bacha Mekonnen , Semu Seble Seifu , Keshamo Legesse Negash , Mohammed Ahlam Awad , Barbre Kira , Aragie Solomon , Guma Geremew Tasew , Gass Katherine , Feleke Sindew Mekasha 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Onchocerciasis is a parasitic neglected tropical disease caused by a filarial nematode called Onchocerca volvulus. During the period of the onchocerciasis control program in Ethiopia, larger areas with onchocerciasis prevalence of less than 20% were classified as hypo-endemic. In 2012, the goal of the program has been shifted from control to elimination, which required the evaluation of mapping strategies and assessment of transmission status. However, there is no clear mapping strategy for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis in the elimination context in these areas. Hence, the study evaluated the mapping strategies in first-line and randomly selected villages and matched school children to random villages.
Methods
A cross-sectional study involving a total of 2756 study participants; 1181 from four purposively selected first-line villages, 372 from random villages, and 1203 from matched schools children to random villages was conducted in 2019 at Amaya district South-western Shoa zone of Oromia region of Ethiopia. Approximately 175 µL finger prick blood was collected from each study participant. Oncho/LF IgG4 bi-plex rapid diagnostic test was conducted using 10 µL blood and dried blood spot were prepared using the remaining blood samples for further conformation by SD-ELISA. Data were captured using open data kit software programmed tablet, exported, and analyzed by SPSS version 23 software. The sensitivity and specificity of the Oncho/LF IgG4 bi-plex test were evaluated against SD-ELISA as the reference standard based on the manufacturer’s claims.
Results
The prevalence of onchocerciasis among first-line, randomly selected villages and matched-school children in random villages were 8.3%, 4.6%, and 0.33% respectively. The prevalence of lymphatic filariasis in first-line villages was 1.02%, while 1.1% in random villages. The co-endemicity of onchocerciasis with lymphatic filariasis was 0.42% in the first line and 1.08% in randomly selected villages. The sensitivity and specificity of the Oncho/LF IgG4 bi-plex test were 26.09 % and 99.93%.
Conclusions
The study indicated Amaya district qualifies for onchocerciasis mass drug administration threshold (>2%) average in both first-line and randomly selected villages. In both first and random villages, onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis were co-endemic indicating the need of integrating mapping strategies. First-line and random village-based mapping strategies are recommended for onchocerciasis in hypo-endemic areas.
CCTA-based CABG SYNTAX Score: A Tool to Evaluate Completeness of Coronary Segment Revascularization after Bypass Surgery
Authors: Kotoku Nozomi , Serruys Patrick W. , Kageyama Shigetaka , Garg Scot , Masuda Shinichiro , Ninomiya Kai , Grau Juan B. , Gupta Himanshu , Agarwal Vikram , Morel Marie-Angèle , Doenst Torsten , Schneider Ulrich , Tanaka Kaoru , LaMeir Mark , Mushtaq Saima , Gianluca Pontone , Pompilio Giulio , Teichgräber Ulf , Puskas John , Narula Jagat , Mey Johan , Andreini Daniele , Onuma Yoshinobu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To describe the updated coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA)-based coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) anatomic SYNTAX Score (aSS) and assess its utility and reproducibility for assessing the completeness of revascularization after CABG.
Methods
The CCTA-CABG aSS is a visual assessment using CCTA post-CABG which quantifies the failure in effectively grafting stenotic coronary segments, and therefore assesses the completeness of surgical revascularization. It is calculated by subtracting the aSS of successfully anastomosed coronary segments from the aSS of the native coronary tree. The inter-observer reproducibility of the CCTA-CABG aSS was evaluated in 45 consecutive patients with three-vessel disease with or without left main disease who underwent a CCTA 30 days (±7 days) after CABG.
Results
The CCTA-CABG aSSwas evaluated in 45 consecutive patients with 117 bypass grafts and 152 anastomoses. The median native coronary aSS was 35.0 (interquartile range [IQR]: 27.0-41.0), whilst the median CCTA-CABG aSS was 13.0 (IQR: 9.0-20.5). The inter-observer level of agreement for the native coronary aSS and the CCTA-CABG aSSwere both substantial with respective Kappas of 0.67 and 0.61.
Conclusions
The CCTA-CABG aSS was feasible in all patients who underwent CABG for complex coronary artery disease with substantial inter-observer reproducibility, and therefore can be used to quantify the completeness of revascularization after CABG.
Ionospheric Total Electron Content and Scintillation Variations over Uzbekistan and China GPS stations during the Annular Solar Eclipse on 21 June 2020
Authors: Eshkuvatov H.E , Ahmedov B.J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study, we utilized both ground‐based and space‐borne observations including total electron content (TEC) from GPS satellites. We investigate in detail variations of ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) and Ionospheric Scintillation Index S4 during the annular Solar eclipse that occurred on 21st June 2020 over selected sites. We choose six stations MTAL, KIT3, and MADK in Uzbekistan, and JFNG, LHAZ, and BJFS in China which are located close to the path of the Solar eclipse with obscuration $52\%$, $57\%$, $58\%$, and $92\%$, $94\%$ and $95\%$, respectively. The Ionospheric parameters as TEC and S4 index have been analyzed for continuous three days from 20th to 22nd June 2020. A significant amount of depletion in TEC of the order of 10-30 $\%$ has been observed concerning the solar eclipse day. The results of the performed analysis indicate that the TEC level and S4 scintillation index were decreased during the solar eclipse due to the contraction of ionizing radiation.
Molecular characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae in clinical bovine mastitis in 14 provinces in China
Authors: Wusiman Maierhaba , Zuo Jiakun , Yu Yong , Lv Zhaoyang , Wang Mengdi , Nie Lianhua , Zhang Xiuping , Wu Jing , Jiang Wei , Pan Zihao , Zhang Wei , Yin Huifang , Huang Cuiqin , Chen Zhaoguo , Miao Jinfeng , Chen Wei , Han Xiangan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a major common environmental pathogen which causes bovine mastitis. To investigate the epidemic of K. pneumoniae of China, 131 K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from 495 clinical mastitis milk samples from 14 provinces in China. The isolation rate of K. pneumoniae was 26.5%, and K57 was the dominant serotype (45.0%, 59/131). Nineteen (14.5%) isolates were identified as hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKP) and nine of them belonged to the K57 serotype. The mrkA, entB, wabG and fimH genes were prevalent virulence genes while rmpA, magA and ycf were not found in K. pneumoniae. Furthermore, K. pneumoniae had serious drug resistance and multiple beta-lactamase genes were detected, including blaTEM, blaSHV, blaNDM, blaCTX-M, blaDHA and blaKPC. Biofilm was an important factor in bacterial resistance and persistent infection, and 77.1% isolates could form biofilm. Although acylated homoserine lactone (AHL, a Gram-negative bacterial quorum sensing signal molecule) was not confirmed among the K. pneumoniae isolates, exogenous AHLs could reduce the biofilm formation ability of the K. pneumoniae strains. In conclusion, the high rate of isolation and serious antibiotic resistance of K. pneumonia were found in this study and indicated a potential threat to public health from the food chain.
MED-BOT (An AI Doctor)
Authors: R BANU PRAKASH , S SARAVANAN 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
MED-BOT is a chatbot program that utilizes PHP and a MySQL database to recommend medicines based on user symptoms. The chatbot features a backend chat support for doctors to provide medical assistance to patients. The program can be easily integrated into existing web-based chat applications, and can be customized to suit the specific needs of medical professionals and patients. The MED-BOT chatbot connects to a MySQL database to retrieve user input and chat IDs. It then searches the triggers table for matching triggers based on user input. If a trigger is found, the corresponding response is retrieved from the database and displayed to the user. If the response is intended for a doctor, the chatbot updates the chat’s doctor ID and outputs the response to all doctors. The MED-BOT chatbot can be easily customized to suit different medical scenarios. For example, the chatbot could be adapted to provide first-aid advice or help users identify common symptoms of a specific illness. By leveraging the power of PHP and MySQL, the chatbot can handle a wide range of medical queries, and provide a seamless user experience for patients seeking medical advice. The MED-BOT chatbot could also be used in a hospital setting to help doctors and nurses provide quick and accurate diagnoses for patients. For instance, if a patient presents with certain symptoms, the chatbot could suggest the most likely diagnosis and recommend a course of treatment. This would allow medical professionals to make informed decisions quickly, and improve patient outcomes. In conclusion, the MED-BOT chatbot is a powerful tool that can help medical professionals and patients alike. It utilizes PHP and a MySQL database to provide accurate medical advice and recommendations, and can be customized to suit a wide range of medical scenarios. By leveraging the power of chatbots, medical professionals can provide better care to patients, and patients can access medical advice quickly and conveniently.