bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Long-Term Quadriceps Muscle Function After Surgical Fixation of Lower Extremity Fractures
Authors: Brightwell Benjamin D , Van Wyngaarden Joshua J , Samaan Michael A , Matuszewski Paul E , Jacobs Cale A , Noehren Brian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
The long-term performance of the quadriceps femoris muscle and physical function following surgical repair of a lower extremity fracture remains largely undefined. The purpose of this study was to investigate between-limb differences in quadriceps performance 12 months after surgical fixation of a lower extremity fracture. It was hypothesized that the injured limb would be significantly weaker, have a lower rate of torque development (RTD), and that there would be a reduced step-down performance compared to the uninjured limb 12 months after surgery. Additionally, this study sought to identify demographic, surgical, and psychological factors associated with poor quadriceps function 12 months after surgery.

Methods
Quadriceps performance was measured bilaterally in 95 participants (49 female), aged 42 (SD = 14.5) years, 12 months after surgical fixation of a lower extremity fracture. Isometric quadriceps strength and RTD were quantified using isometric dynamometry, and a timed step-down test was used to evaluate quadriceps performance. Independent predictor variables from the time of surgery were extracted from participants’ medical records. Kinesiophobia was screened at the time of testing. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and linear regression analyses were used to assess between-limb differences in quadriceps performance and to determine factors associated with quadriceps performance 12 months after surgery.

Results
Significant between-limb differences in each measure of quadriceps performance were identified (peak torque involved: 1.37 [0.71] Nm × kg−1; uninvolved: 1.87 [0.74] Nm × kg−1; RTD involved: 4.16 [2.75] Nm × kg−1 × s−1; uninvolved: 6.10 [3.02] Nm × kg−1 × × −1; and single-leg step-downs involved: 12.6 [5.0]; uninvolved: 21.7 [14.8]). Female biological sex, external fixation, and kinesiophobia at 12 months were associated with reduced after-surgery quadriceps performance outcomes.

Conclusion
Quadriceps performance is impaired 12 months after surgical repair of a lower extremity fracture, particularly in female participants, in cases requiring external fixation, and in those with higher kinesiophobia 12 months after surgery.

Impact
Because long-term quadriceps weakness negatively impacts functional mobility, targeted strengthening should be emphasized after surgical repair of lower extremity fracture.
Human Retinal Ganglion Cells Respond to Evolutionarily Conserved Chemotropic Cues for Intra Retinal Guidance and Regeneration
Authors: Subramani Murali , Van Hook Matthew J , Qiu Fang , Ahmad Iqbal 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) connect the retina with the higher centers in the brain for visual perception. Their degeneration leads to irreversible vision loss in patients with glaucoma. The mechanism underlying human RGCs (hRGCs) axon growth and guidance remains poorly understood because hRGCs are born during development and connections with the central targets are established before birth. Here, using RGCs directly generated from human embryonic stem cells, we demonstrate that hRGCs express a battery of guidance receptors. These receptors allow hRGCs to read the spatially arrayed chemotropic cues in the developing rat retina for the centripetal orientation of axons toward the optic disc, suggesting that the mechanism of intraretinal guidance is conserved in hRGCs. The centripetal orientation of hRGCs axons is not only in response to chemorepulsion but also involves chemoattraction, mediated by Netrin-1/DCC interaction. The spatially arrayed chemotropic cues differentially influence hRGCs physiological responses, suggesting that neural activity of hRGCs and axon growth may be coupled during inter-retinal guidance. In addition, we demonstrate that Netrin-1/DCC interaction, besides promoting axon growth, facilitates hRGCs axon regeneration by recruiting the mTOR signaling pathway. The diverse influence of Netrin-1/DCC interaction ranging from axon growth to regeneration may involve recruitment of multiple intracellular signaling pathways as revealed by transcriptome analysis of hRGCs. From the perspective of ex vivo stem cell approach to glaucomatous degeneration, our findings posit that ex vivo generated hRGCs can read the intraretinal cues for guidance toward the optic disc, the first step required for connecting with the central target to restore vision.
PaLectinL7 enhances salt tolerance of sweet cherry by regulating lignin deposition in connection with PaCAD1
Authors: Wu Fanlin , Qu Dehui , Zhang Xu , Sun Yao , Wang Jingtao , Zhu Dongzi , Yang Lina , Liu Xiao , Tian Wei , Wang Lei , Liu Qingzhong , Su Hongyan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRLKs), a large family of plant receptor-like kinases, play an important role in plant response to abiotic stresses. However, little information is available about the roles of LecRLKs in the salt stress response of sweet cherry (Prunus avium). Here, an L-type LecRLK gene (PaLectinL7) was characterized from sweet cherry. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that PaLectinL7 is a plasma membrane protein. The expression of PaLectinL7 was up-regulated by salt, drought and exogenously gibberellin treatments. Overexpression of PaLectinL7 in the roots of Gisela 6 enhanced its tolerance to salt stress. Additionally, transcriptome analysis showed that lignin metabolic-related genes were regulated by PaLectinL7 overexpression. Meanwhile, the lignin contents and associated enzymes (CAD and COMT) rose concurrently with PaLectinL7 overexpression under salt stress. We also found that PaCAD1, a key enzyme involved in lignin metabolism, interacted with PaLectinL7 and could be phosphorylated by PaLectinL7 in vitro, suggesting that PaLectinL7 may regulate the enzyme activity of PaCAD1. Therefore, these results indicated that PaLectinL7, as a membrane-bound regulator, promoted lignin deposition by regulating the activities of enzymes related to lignin metabolism, thus enhancing salt tolerance.
Raynaud phenomenon and microvasculopathy in systemic sclerosis: multi-modality imaging for diagnosis and evaluation
Authors: Markousis-Mavrogenis George , Bournia Vasiliki-Kalliopi , Sfikakis Petros P. , Mavrogeni Sophie I. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
To describe the clinical significance of and the diagnostic approach to Raynaud phenomenon (RP) in the peripheral extremities and the heart.

Recent findings
Nailfold capillaroscopy has recently been standardized in an expert consensus paper. Abnormal capillaroscopy in combination with specific autoantibody profiles and clinical signs are highly predictive of progression of RP to systemic sclerosis (SSc). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can also perform tissue characterization of both the extremities and the heart. Microvascular wall abnormalities detected using nailfold capillaroscopy in patients with SSc may lead to deposition of erythrocyte-derived iron, due to microhemorrhages, which may predispose to fibrosis. MRI can assess the presence of iron using T2∗ measurements.

Summary
RP is a hallmark of the microvasculopathy in SSc and can affect both the peripheral extremities and the heart. Nailfold capillaroscopy is the current gold standard for the evaluation of the peripheral microvasculature. Other imaging modalities include thermography, laser Doppler-derived methods, 99mTc-pertechnetate hand perfusion scintigraphy, power Doppler ultrasonography, dynamic optical coherence tomography, MRI, and photoacoustic imaging, but these are currently not widely used. Cardiac RP can be investigated with positron emission tomography or cardiovascular magnetic resonance, with the latter offering the additional possibility of tissue characterization and iron content quantification secondary to microhemorrhages.
Effect of SARS-COV-2 on Eye Banking in an Urban Region
Authors: Wiley Zachary C. , Garcia Angelica I. , Colborn Samantha L. , Khandelwal Sumitra S. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
SARS-CoV-2 caused disruption for institutions throughout the world. This descriptive analysis reports the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on donor recovery in a large urban area.

Methods:
This retrospective analysis draws from internal eye bank data on donor referrals and exclusions and public data on positive viral tests. Data regarding total numbers of donations accepted and excluded were analyzed for January–December of 2019 and 2020. In addition, for May through December 2020, data regarding number of donor referrals, eligible donors, recovered donors, and donors excluded because of SARS-CoV-2 positivity or suspicion were analyzed and compared against Texas Department of State Health Services data for positive SARS-CoV-2 tests.

Results:
The average corneas recovered in 2020 was 80 per month compared with an average of 87 per month in 2019. Cornea recoveries for April, May, and June were 22, 67, and 75, respectively. There was no statistical difference in overall number of cornea recovered between 2019 (87.3 ± 10.7) and 2020 (80.2± 21.2; P = 0.36). The percentage of donated tissue excluded because of SARS-CoV-2 positivity or suspicion increased from May to July 2020 because of regional surge in SARS-CoV-2 cases. For May 2020, 141 were excluded of 1113 referrals (13%), and in July 2020, 688 were excluded of 1479 referrals (46%).

Conclusions:
SARS-CoV-2 affected donor recovery patterns in 2020; however, the overall number of donor tissues was not different compared with 2019. A regional surge in SARS-CoV-2 cases resulted in higher percentage donor tissue number excluded.
Single-stage Palatal Lengthening Using Modified Buccinator Myomucosal and Buccal Fat Flaps
Authors: Termanini Kareem M. , Lentskevich Marina A. , Moradian Simon , Gosain Arun K. 
Published: August 2023

Summary:
Surgical treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) after primary palatoplasty poses a difficult challenge in cleft care management. Traditional treatment options have shown improved speech outcomes but oftentimes lead to airway obstruction by constriction of the posterior pharynx. The buccinator myomucosal flap is an alternative flap used for VPI correction that re-establishes palatal length and velar sling anatomy by recruiting tissue from the buccal mucosa and buccinator muscle. We present innovative modifications to the original buccinator myomucosal flap by performing the procedure in one stage without a mucosal bridge, incorporating full-thickness buccinator muscle during flap elevation, and placement of bilateral buccal fat flaps. These refinements facilitate wound healing by providing a tension-free closure with both a well-vascularized myomucosal flap and interposed buccal fat flap to prevent scar contracture. Furthermore, no additional surgery is necessary for pedicle division.
The Limb Salvage Approach for the Surgical Management of Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection
Authors: Boey Johnson , Yu Longbiao , Hui Zeng , Meng Fanbin , Wan Shengxiang , Xiao Yingfeng , Zhegang Zhou 
Published: August 2023

Summary:
Necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) is a complex infection known for its rapid progression of necrosis within the subcutaneous tissue and fascia. Time is of essence for the management of NSTI. In this report, we present a case of NSTI after infection of poorly managed diabetic foot ulcer in the ankle. The limb salvage approach involves sequential staged procedures. Multiple surgical debridements and “washout” were performed for source control. At the same time, the patient also received a systemic antibiotic regimen. In the second stage, a perforator free flap taken from the anterolateral thigh was used to repair the extensive soft tissue defect and reconstruct a functional foot to achieve maximal limb salvage. The kickstand technique of external fixation was used to reduce soft tissue compression and enhance the surgical offloading of the skin flap. At the 2-year follow-up, the skin integrity of the flap was well-preserved, and the patient returned to his premorbid quality of life.
Long-Term Outcomes of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Following Inpatient Rehabilitation
Authors: Horn Timothy C. , Lundine Jennifer P. , Busch Tyler A. , Benkart Rebekah A. , Taylor H. Gerry , Koterba Christine H. 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
Assess residual disability in youth with traumatic brain injury (TBI) treated in a pediatric inpatient rehabilitation unit and examine associations of disability with inpatient status and measures of concurrent functioning.

Setting:
Large, urban, quaternary care children's hospital in the Midwestern United States.

Participants:
Forty-five youth aged 6 to 18 years treated in an inpatient rehabilitation unit for mild-complicated to severe TBI at a minimum of 12 months postdischarge (mean = 3.5 years).

Design:
Retrospective chart review of clinical data collected from standard clinical care at admission and discharge combined with follow-up data examining current functioning at the time of study enrollment.

Main Outcome Measures:
Glasgow Outcome Scale—Extended, Pediatric Revision (GOS-E Peds), Neurology Quality of Life Measurement System Short Form (NeuroQOL) Social Interaction with Peers and Cognitive Short Forms, Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global Health Scale, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, 2nd Edition (BRIEF-2).

Results:
Based on parent report at follow-up, 62% of the children had residual TBI-related disabilities on the GOS-E Peds, while 38% reported “good recovery.” Children with residual disability also reported more long-term problems in overall health, social relationships, emotional regulation, behaviors, and executive functioning than those with no residual disability. Measures of functional independence and cognitive recovery at discharge were associated with these impairments.

Conclusions:
More than half of the children with TBI in this study had residual disability more than 1 year after inpatient rehabilitation. Findings highlight the associations between measures of functional independence and cognitive recovery during inpatient rehabilitation with later outcomes and underscore the need for continued services to support the needs of children with TBI following their inpatient rehabilitation stay.
TOPICAL CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS CLOSING BILATERAL SECONDARY MACULAR HOLES AND A REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Lee Yong Min , Bahrami Bobak , Chan Weng Onn 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
To present a rare occurrence of bilateral macular hole secondary to vitrectomy that was successfully treated with topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and to review the literature for this phenomenon.

Methods:
Monthly clinical examination and optical coherence tomography was conducted before and after eight weeks of topical 2% dorzolamide administered twice a day.

Results:
A 62-year-old man who had bilateral giant retinal tears which were repaired with vitrectomy subsequently presented with bilateral small macular holes of size 74 and 78 μm. The patient was trialed on 2% topical dorzolamide twice a day and reviewed monthly with optical coherence tomography scans. Macular hole closure was identified after four weeks of topical treatment.

Conclusion:
Clinical improvement with conservative measures suggests a potential first-line approach to the treatment of macular holes avoiding surgery and its risk profile. We also present a review of the literature regarding macular holes treated with topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and its mechanism of action in treating macular holes.
X-LINKED JUVENILE RETINOSCHISIS ASSOCIATED WITH AN RS1 IN-FRAME DELETION AND BILATERAL CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY
Authors: Wheelock-Gutierrez Lorena , Peña-Ortiz Samuel , de Dios-Cuadras Ulises , Jiménez-Sierra Juan Manuel , Zenteno Juan C. , Payro-Evia Katherinne , Dorantes-Diez Miguel A. , Enriquez-Gonzalez Ana Bety 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
To report the case of a patient with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis, caused by an in-frame deletion of the RS1 gene, who presented with visual loss because of bilateral central serous chorioretinopathy.

Methods:
Observational case report.

Results:
A 34-year-old man, with type-A personality, presented with a one-month history of decreased visual acuity and metamorphopsia in his right eye. Funduscopic examination showed a dome-like foveal elevation in both eyes as well as subtle pigmentary changes of the retinal pigment epithelium with a tapetal reflex in the fovea. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography revealed intraretinal cystic foveal changes and serous retinal detachment in both eyes. Fundus fluorescein angiography of both eyes showed a focal area of intense hyperfluorescence with leakage in late phases. Electroretinogram revealed a markedly attenuated b-wave and a diminished a-wave in photopic and scotopic phases. Genetic testing revealed a hemizygous c.282_284delCTT deletion in the RS1 gene, predicting a p.Ser95del change at the protein level. The patient was diagnosed with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis and central serous chorioretinopathy as a coexisting condition. Patient was observed during a 3-month period but showed no improvement. Therefore, subthreshold micropulse laser was applied, achieving complete resolution of signs and symptoms of central serous chorioretinopathy.

Conclusion:
Central serous chorioretinopathy can be a cause of acute or subacute visual loss in patients with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis when other complications such as vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment have been excluded.
The Hatchet Flap for Eyelid and Midfacial Reconstruction: Experience From 70 Cases
Authors: Custer Philip L. , Maamari Robi N. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
To describe surgical variations of the hatchet flap and a large series of patients in which this procedure was used for eyelid and midfacial reconstruction.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed on patients treated with a hatchet flap between March 2016 and March 2023. Patient demographics, defect characteristics, surgical techniques, and outcomes were investigated.

Results:
The hatchet flap was used to repair 70 defects in 69 patients, aged 41.6 to 90.0 years (mean, 66.1). Defects measured 0.6 to 23.6 cm2 (mean, 4.8) and resulted from Mohs surgery (n = 62), exenteration (n = 2), benign lesion excision (n = 3), or cicatricial ectropion/fistula repair (n = 3). The flap tail was managed with 3 techniques: V-Y plasty (n = 26), transposition (n = 34), and excision (n = 10). Ancillary procedures were often used during reconstructions (skin grafts: 29; double hatchet flap: 2; additional skin flaps: 26; tarsoconjunctival flaps: 6; and other grafts: 7). Small distal eschars healed in 7 flaps without necrosis. Four patients with subcutaneous thickening improved after steroid injections. Mild hatchet flap contracture may have contributed to postoperative cicatricial ectropion in 1 patient. There were no other flap related complications.

Conclusions:
In selected patients, the hatchet flap is a versatile technique to mobilize vascularized tissue into eyelid/midfacial defects resulting from the excision of lesions or treatment of cicatricial ectropion/fistulas. Individuals without laxity in the plane perpendicular to the flap base may not be good candidates for this procedure. The hatchet flap can be modified by advancing, transposing, or excising the flap tail. Reconstruction is often combined with other flaps/grafts. Few complications were associated with the hatchet flap.
Ten-Year Follow-Up of Orbital Volume Augmentation With Calcium Hydroxyapatite Filler in Postenucleation Socket Syndrome
Authors: Di Maria Alessandra , Ferraro Vanessa , Trenti Nicoletta , Morenghi Emanuela , Gaeta Alessandro , Vinciguerra Paolo , Confalonieri Filippo 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:To describe the efficacy and persistence of injectable calcium hydroxyapatite (CAHY) to correct orbital volume deficit in postenucleation socket syndrome.Methods:An observational study was conducted as a clinical review of all patients in the authors' practice who received injectable CAHY placed in the extraconal and intraconal space to increase orbital volume with a 10-year follow up. The amount of CAHY to be injected was defined according to the degree of orbital volume deficit. Patients previously treated with radiotherapy or with a conjunctival fornix insufficient to accommodate the external prosthesis were excluded. All the patients with at least 10 years of follow up were included in the study.Results:Thirty-one postenucleation socket syndrome patients received injectable CAHY for orbital volume augmentation, with a 10-year follow up. The mean amount of preoperative relative enophthalmos measured by Hertel’s exophthalmometry was 14.16 ± 2.15. An increase in the mean orbital volume of 3.35 ± 0.91 at 6 months and 2.97 ± 1.35 at 10 years was obtained. The mean follow-up was 219 ± 18 months (range, 184–240). Patients demonstrated clinical and cosmetic improvement that was observed to continue for 10 years. The complications were peribulbar ecchymosis, 2 extrusions of the internal prosthesis, and 2 ptosis.Conclusions:Injectable CAHY provides safe, simple, repeatable, and cost-effective technique to treat volume deficiency in the enophthalmic orbit in the long term. The volume augmentation obtained with this semipermanent filler demonstrated a lasting effect in the orbit with negligible loss of volume at 10 years.