bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cinematic Convergence of Posthuman and Crip Perspectives
Authors: Duncan Pansy , Molloy Missy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chapter 5 navigates the uneasy intersection of disability and posthumanism through a pair of acclaimed auteur films, Pedro Almodóvar’s Hable con ella/Talk to Her (2002) and Sound of Metal (Darius Marder, 2019). As it will show, these films reflect the productive potential of the alliance between critical disability studies and critical posthumanism in their commitment to using disability as a basis for interrogating rather than sustaining humanist ideals. However, as this chapter will also show, neither film is straightforward in its affordances to this convergence of posthumanism and disability. While Talk to Her uses a pair of comatose women to unsettle practices of expressivity and expressive reading that have become cornerstones of humanism, it also deploys able-bodied actors to play the “brain-dead” women at its heart, while yoking its uplifting conclusion to one of the women’s miraculous recovery. And The Sound of Metal is still more ambivalent in its relation to posthumanist and post-ableist ideals. While the film’s widely celebrated sound design honors the capacity of “disability” to open up more-than-human worlds, especially through its prosthetic or cinematic supplements, the film’s narrative reflects a classic humanist distrust of technology.
Post-anthropocentrism
Authors: Henry Claire 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chapter 6 explores how posthuman cinema turns to the animal to dismantle anthropocentric understandings of “the human.” The chapter begins by interpreting contemporary surrealist films, The Lobster (Yorgos Lanthimos, 2015), Gräns/Border (Ali Abbasi, 2018), and Teströl és lélekröl/On Body and Soul (Ildikó Enyedi, 2017), as subversive cogs in what Giorgio Agamben terms the “anthropological machine.” These films deploy surrealist devices to mirror back to humanity not its distinction from other animals, but its spiritual coexistence and interdependence with them. The chapter then turns to examine how two Thai films—Kraben Rahu/Manta Ray (Phuttiphong Aroonpheng, 2019) and Satpralat/Tropical Malady (Apichatpong Weerasethakul, 2004)—further highlight the post-anthropocentric ends of contemporary posthuman cinema. Read through a framework of “new animism,” the conceptual, narrative, and formal aspects of these films offer another lens to challenge both anthropocentric worldviews and the idea of cinema as inherently realist. Whether operating in surrealist or new animist modes, these global post-anthropocentric films work toward the shared aims of critical posthumanism and critical animal studies: breaking down binary oppositions; resisting the tendency to reduce animals to the status of metaphors and mirrors to the human; and offering a sensory exploration of the blurred borders between human and nonhuman animals.
Union Booms and Busts
Authors: Stepan-Norris Judith , Kerrissey Jasmine 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Union Booms and Busts takes a bird’s-eye view of the shifting fortunes of U.S. workers and their unions, on the one hand, and employers and their organizations, on the other. Using newly assembled and detailed data, it analyses union density across eleven industries and 115 years, demonstrating that workers in some industries and some time periods were remarkably successful in forming and defending unions, while others were not. Union Booms and Busts traces the approaches that workers used, including organizing strategies, strikes, and union elections, as well as those of employers, including disrupting union organizing by using legal maneuvers, workforce-based strategies, and race and gender divisions. Chapters are organized around time periods—the early unregulated period where unions took hold in only a handful of industries; the mid-century regulated period where strikes, elections, and union density grew in many industries; and the later dis-regulated period where union trajectories diverged, with union density drastically declining in most industries and holding steady in a few. Each chapter begins with a depiction of the economic, legal, and political context of the time as well as important historical trajectories. The book concludes by suggesting what might come next for workers and unions in America.
Introduction
Authors: Stepan-Norris Judith 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the central questions of the book: it explores trends in union density for each major industry from 1900 to 2015 and what factors may account for them. Using both aggregate and industry-level data, it displays trends over time for various factors, including union membership, employment, union density, strikes, union elections, occupation, and race and gender demographics. It develops theories to account for shifts in union density in the United States during this period: state and macro context, replacement costs, organizing strategies of unions and disorganizing strategies of employers, and race and gender dynamics. It discusses methodological considerations and provides a brief overview of each chapter.
Union Density in the Dis-Regulated Period (1980–2015)
Authors: Stepan-Norris Judith 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter analyzes union dynamics during the dis-regulated period, 1980–2015. The chapter begins with an overview of the broader political, legal, and economic context of the period, including changes to how work was organized. This period was marked by a decline in union density for many (but not all) industries. Strike and union election activity also dropped precipitously during this period. A host of new union and employer strategies emerged or intensified during the period. The chapter analyzes how the broader contexts and strategies actors used contributed to different levels of union density by industry within the dis-regulated period.
Between Intelligence and Counterintelligence
Authors: Scott Erik R. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In Cold War Germany and Austria, the Soviet and American mobility regimes were further constituted by their interaction. The United States pressed allies to establish a reliable framework of asylum to shelter migrants from socialist states and employed psychology to screen defectors, gather intelligence from them, and consider their suitability for resettlement. In response, Soviet authorities coordinated with other socialist states to prevent exit. They used diplomatic and intelligence channels to push for access to escaped citizens, and they proved capable at countering the US-led media campaign touting the flight of defectors to the “free world.” While the American side arguably succeeded in setting the terms of the competition, the Soviet Union proved effective at finding weak points in the asylum regime, undermining the popular notion of Western sanctuary, and using psychological appeals to encourage the return of migrants.
Conquistadors and Aztecs
Authors: Rinke Stefan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Five hundred years ago, a flotilla landed on the coast of Yucatán under the command of the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés. While the official goal of the expedition was to explore and to expand the Christian faith, everyone involved knew that it was primarily about gold and the hunt for slaves. That a few hundred Spaniards destroyed the Aztec empire—and its highly developed culture—is an old chestnut, because the conquistadors, who had every means to make a profit, did not succeed alone. They encountered groups such as the Tlaxcaltecs, who suffered from Aztec rule and were ready to enter into alliances with the foreigners to overthrow their old enemy. In addition, the conquerors benefited from diseases brought from Europe, which killed hundreds of thousands of locals. Drawing on both Spanish and indigenous sources, this account of the conquest of Mexico from 1519 to 1521 offers a narrative of these events—including the fall of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan and the flight of the conquerors—and also represents the individual protagonists on both sides, their backgrounds, their diplomacy, and their struggles. It portrays the tens of thousands of local warriors who faced off against each other during the fighting as they attempted to free themselves from tribute payments to the Aztecs.
The Expedition Begins
Authors: Rinke Stefan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter tells of the expedition of Hernán Cortés. It cites Cortés as a typical representative of the social class of hidalgos who, due to the limited opportunities for social advancement in Spain, headed to the New World to make their fortunes. Most of the men who joined Cortés had failed in their existential quest for honor and social recognition, and the hidalgo culture shaped the entire group. Cortés traveled to Cozumel with his fleet to investigate the whereabouts of the shipwrecked Spaniards who had gone missing in the Yucatán years earlier as well as to Christianize the Maya. This chapter describes the battle between the Spaniards and the Chontal at the port city of Potonchán. It also looks at the significance of Marina, one of the female slaves offered by the Mayan nobles to Spaniards and later on baptized as Christians, on the Conquest.
Why Pluralism?
Authors: Schmid Hans Bernhard 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Intentional subjectivity involves pre-reflective self-awareness, the structure of which can be spelled out in terms of self-identification, self-validation, self-commitment, and self-authorization. Singularism is the view that these features are realized only in singular self-awareness (the “I,” or ego). There is plural pre-reflective self-awareness, and thus plural intentional subjectivity. However, a plural intentional subject (“we”) is not a collective singular subject.
Plural Self-Identification
Authors: Schmid Hans Bernhard 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Intentional subjectivity involves pre-reflective self-awareness, the structure of which can be spelled out in terms of self-identification, self-validation, self-commitment, and self-authorization. Singularism is the view that these features are realized only in singular self-awareness (the “I,” or ego). There is plural pre-reflective self-awareness, and thus plural intentional subjectivity. However, a plural intentional subject (“we”) is not a collective singular subject.
We Who? Kita!
Authors: Schmid Hans Bernhard 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Intentional subjectivity involves pre-reflective self-awareness, the structure of which can be spelled out in terms of self-identification, self-validation, self-commitment, and self-authorization. Singularism is the view that these features are realized only in singular self-awareness (the “I,” or ego). There is plural pre-reflective self-awareness, and thus plural intentional subjectivity. However, a plural intentional subject (“we”) is not a collective singular subject.
Plural Self-Commitment
Authors: Schmid Hans Bernhard 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Intentional subjectivity involves pre-reflective self-awareness, the structure of which can be spelled out in terms of self-identification, self-validation, self-commitment, and self-authorization. Singularism is the view that these features are realized only in singular self-awareness (the “I,” or ego). There is plural pre-reflective self-awareness, and thus plural intentional subjectivity. However, a plural intentional subject (“we”) is not a collective singular subject.
Plural Intentional Subjects
Authors: Schmid Hans Bernhard 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Intentional subjectivity involves pre-reflective self-awareness, the structure of which can be spelled out in terms of self-identification, self-validation, self-commitment, and self-authorization. Singularism is the view that these features are realized only in singular self-awareness (the “I,” or ego). There is plural pre-reflective self-awareness, and thus plural intentional subjectivity. However, a plural intentional subject (“we”) is not a collective singular subject.
Community: Being Together
Authors: Schmid Hans Bernhard 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Understanding the social world presupposes an understanding of our own role therein. As plural intentional subjects, we are not only creatures of the social world, but also the creators thereof. We, together, create the social world by living together in the way we live together. As our way of living together, the social world is up to us. One precondition of living better together is recognizing ourselves as who we are—the plural intentional subjects of living together.
Ethics: Owning Up to Ourselves
Authors: Schmid Hans Bernhard 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Understanding the social world presupposes an understanding of our own role therein. As plural intentional subjects, we are not only creatures of the social world, but also the creators thereof. We, together, create the social world by living together in the way we live together. As our way of living together, the social world is up to us. One precondition of living better together is recognizing ourselves as who we are—the plural intentional subjects of living together.
Introduction
Authors: Parnell David Alan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Roman world of the sixth century ad was already quite ancient, even if it had evolved considerably from its earliest days. The empire governed by Emperor Justinian (r. 527–565) and Empress Theodora was very large, but they had ambitions to make it larger. That would be the job of Belisarius, who was Justinian’s preeminent general, and Antonina the general’s wife. The exploits of this powerful couple were recorded by their historian, Procopius of Caesarea, who wrote both a well-publicized History of the Wars and a carefully concealed Secret History. The Wars makes Belisarius and Antonina look good, while the Secret History castigates them. Both works of Procopius should be approached with care by the historian of Belisarius and Antonina.
Italy Redux
Authors: Parnell David Alan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The disgrace of Belisarius in 542 proved to be temporary, and by spring 544 (or possibly earlier) the general was rehabilitated by the Emperor Justinian (r. 527–565). Justinian had a tendency toward clemency when dealing with famous subjects like his general, Belisarius. Restored to favor, Belisarius was dispatched to Italy a second time to prosecute war with the Ostrogoths who survived there under a new king, Totila (r. 541–552). Antonina again accompanied Belisarius to Italy. Unfortunately, there were not enough experienced Roman soldiers for Belisarius to prosecute the war successfully, and he spent five years fighting a losing campaign against Totila and the Ostrogoths. In despair, Belisarius sent Antonina to Constantinople to ask Empress Theodora for reinforcements. But Theodora died just before Antonina arrived, so she instead asked Justinian to recall Belisarius.
The Great Puzzle of Social Norms
Authors: Witt Charlotte 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The great puzzle of social norms is the source or origin of their normativity. The chapter defines the puzzle by distinguishing the question of the source of normativity from causal questions about the content of norms. It also distinguishes social normativity from both applied ethics and merely prudential norms of behavior. It introduces the distinction between internalism and externalism regarding the source of social normativity, and the artisanal model as a promising externalist model of social role normativity. The chapter also addresses the resources of the artisanal model to accommodate social norm nonconformists, social norm critics, and normative self-creation.
The Artisanal Model
Authors: Witt Charlotte 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chapter 3 introduces the artisanal model as providing an externalist understanding of the source of social role normativity. The term “Afunction” refers to several interrelated ideas concerning artisanal functions and activities that is extracted from Aristotle’s texts, explained in this chapter, and used to explain the source of social role normativity. Particularly important are the core ideas of technique and expertise that together describe artisanal agents and their activities. The concept of an Afunction is a central component of the artisanal model. The artisanal model captures the situatedness, locality, and materiality of social role normativity better than other candidates for externalist theories, such as Lawson’s social positioning theory and the rules of the game account.
Self-Creation and Transformation
Authors: Witt Charlotte 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We are sometimes creators of our normative selves not simply inheritors of it. Working through and with our current social roles we forge new projects and engage new commitments with new (to us) sets of norms and values. Sometimes our decisions are transformative; sometimes they usher in entirely new (to us) norms and values. The externalist artisanal model has better resources to explain normative self-creation than does internalism. In particular I argue that Afunction externalism provides a solution to the paradox of self-creation—that is, the idea that self-creation is a process guided by values that we do not yet possess—and familiar forms of internalism lack the resources to disarm the paradox. The artisanal model offers an external location for the goods and norms that are the objects of aspiration for the apprentice.
The Artisanal Model and Social Hierarchy
Authors: Witt Charlotte 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The central focus in this chapter is on the relationship among social roles, and the implications of these relationships for the individuals who stand under them. The chapter shows how the artisanal model helps to explain the oppressive and hierarchical structure of some social positions and roles including contemporary gendered or racialized social roles. Second, it argues that oppressive and hierarchical relations are not a necessary feature of the artisanal model and that the model also suggests the possibility of nonhierarchical and nonoppressive relations among social roles. Using the artisanal model, we can imagine a social world with techniques for being human that are not enmeshed in oppressive, hierarchical relations.
Democracy and Exclusion
Authors: Lenard Patti Tamara 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
As people become more mobile, the nature of citizenship, and all its attendant rights, has become the object of intense scrutiny. And, as we know, democracies forcefully and coercively exclude those whom they believe do not belong on their territory or among their constituency. This book looks at how and when democracies exclude both citizens and non-citizens from territory and from membership to determine if and when these instances are justified. This book draws on the all-subjected principle—the idea that all those who are the subject of law—should have a real say in what the law is. This principle rarely supports exclusion, and instead shows that in most cases admission—to territory and membership—is either favored by, or required by, democratic justice. Using a contextual methodology and taking for granted that states have at least some rights to control their borders, this book considers a wide range of cases to demonstrate how a focus on subjection can illustrate who merits inclusion, usually in the form of citizenship status. Among the cases considered are stateless peoples, foreign fighters, and their children, convicted and suspected terrorists domestically and abroad, those fleeing humanitarian disasters, resettled refugees, asylum seekers, and temporary labor migrants. The book concludes with a consideration of the way in which systemic racism and discrimination, including through the adoption of policies that deliberately target racial, cultural, and ethnic minorities make their inclusion as full and equal members of democratic communities a struggle.
Functional Awareness
Authors: Romita Allegra , Wanich-Romita Nancy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Functional Awareness: Anatomy in Action for Dancers, 2nd edition. introduces the reader to the reflective practice of Functional Awareness®. Functional Awareness (FA) is an approach to improving dance skills through practices in embodied anatomy. FA is a method with a defined pedagogical philosophy to advocate for the importance of developing body understanding in dance training while fostering student agency and honoring individual difference. The FA method is applicable and accessible to all dance forms. This book uses foundational information of anatomy and motor learning to guide readers toward a deeper understanding of their personal body structure. The authors provide essentials in functional anatomy with movement explorations and over 60 beautiful illustrations to guide the reader through the content. The second edition sources new research in motor learning and integrative anatomy to support and enhance the content previously presented in the first edition.
The Relationship of Habit to Dance Training
Authors: Romita Nancy , Romita Allegra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Functional Awareness (FA) is a practice in embodied anatomy to deepen understanding of movement function, improve dynamic alignment, and enhance expressivity and artistry required in any form of dance. The approach investigates information about the skeletal structure, the muscle structure, and the myofascial tissue to help sustain elasticity, flexibility, and efficiency in movement. Chapter 1 presents the major bones in the human body as well as key principles for improving awareness to prevent misalignment of the skeletal structure. The authors introduce the concept that small daily unconscious habits can have an impact on dance training and create undesired tension. The skeletal system is the foundational information needed to develop skills in anatomical visualization that can improve dance skills and develop ease in action in daily life. Guided movement explorations in this chapter help the reader discover personal applications for the content in daily life and in dance training.
Dynamic Alignment and the 4Rs
Authors: Romita Nancy , Romita Allegra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Conscious awareness of our bodies can enhance patterns for neuromuscular balance. Unconscious habits may place unequal force on the body’s structural integrity as well as unnecessary stress on joints and muscles. Chapter 2 investigates the skeletal center of gravity, dynamic alignment, and postural control. The chapter includes an introduction to the Functional Awareness reflective practice of the 4Rs: Recognize, Release, Recruit, Restore. The authors offer the tripod of balance of the foot and balance of the head at the top of the spine (atlanto-occipital joint) as anatomical visualizations to aid in recruiting a new movement choice to restore toward balance. Guided movement explorations in this chapter help the reader discover personal applications for the content.
Impact of Thinking on Doing
Authors: Romita Nancy , Romita Allegra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Imagery has a profound effect on the way we move, and mental imagery and mental training are powerful teaching tools. Changing your thinking can change your dancing. Chapter 3 provides some historical background for integrating dance and imagery to improve students’ awareness and dance skill. It shows that understanding the inherent muscle structure to support a lengthening spine is necessary for discovering efficiency of movement and freedom from unnecessary effort and tension. The chapter describes the transversospinalis muscle group and suboccipital muscles and the role these deep muscles have on postural support. Guided movement explorations in this chapter help the reader discover personal applications for the content.