bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The probiotic roles ofLactiplantibacillus plantarumE2 as a dietary supplement in growth promotion and disease resistance of juvenile large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea)
Authors: Ruizhe Liu , Shan Wang , Dongliang Huang , Yulu Huang , Tianliang He , Xinhua Chen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBacterial diseases are the most important limiting factors for the development of large yellow croaker aquaculture. Probiotics are considered to be a promising alternative approach for the control of bacterial diseases in aquaculture. However, the studies on probiotics used in farmed large yellow croakers were very limited. In this study, we isolated and identified aLactiplantibacillus plantarumE2 from the intestinal tract of large yellow croaker.L. plantarumE2 showed significant antibacterial activities against several aquaculture pathogenic bacteria, intestinal environmental tolerance, and biosafety. After 7 weeks of feeding, the E2 supplementation of dietary significantly improved the growth and the survival rates of large yellow croakers afterPseudomonas plecoglossicidaPQLYC4 challenge. Further analysis showed that E2 effectively improved the intestinal integrity, and increased the intestinal α-amylase, trypsin and lipase activities. Moreover, the E2 supplementation also significantly suppressed the mRNA expression of IL-10 and increased the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-12α, IL- 17D, IFN-γ, and TNF-α-R. Gut microbiota analysis showed that E2 significantly affected gut microbial community composition by decreasing the relative abundance ofSphingomonasand increasing the relative abundance ofLactobacillusandPseudomonas.Finally, E2 could improve resistance of large yellow croaker againstP. plecoglossicidaPQLYC4 infection. Therefore, our findings showed thatL. plantarumE2 has potential application as a probiotic in large yellow croaker, which may provide a new strategy of preventing and controlling bacterial diseases in this species.HighlightsLactiplantibacillus plantarumE2 showed significant antibacterial activities against several aquaculture pathogenic bacteria, intestinal environmental tolerance, and biosafety.Lactiplantibacillus plantarumE2 supplementation improved growth rates, and intestinal health of large yellow croaker.Lactiplantibacillus plantarumE2 increased the abundance of potential probiotics in the intestine tract of large yellow croaker.
Intrinsically disordered CsoS2 acts as a general molecular thread for α-carboxysome shell assembly
Authors: Ni Tao , Jiang Qiuyao , Ng Pei Cing , Shen Juan , Dou Hao , Zhu Yanan , Radecke Julika , Dykes Gregory F. , Huang Fang , Liu Lu-Ning , Zhang Peijun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCarboxysomes are a paradigm of self-assembling proteinaceous organelles found in nature, offering compartmentalisation of enzymes and pathways to enhance carbon fixation. In α-carboxysomes, the disordered linker protein CsoS2 plays an essential role in carboxysome assembly and Rubisco encapsulation. Its mechanism of action, however, is not fully understood. Here we synthetically engineered α-carboxysome shells using minimal shell components and determined cryoEM structures of these to decipher the principle of shell assembly and encapsulation. The structures reveal that the intrinsically disordered CsoS2 C-terminus is well-structured and acts as a universal “molecular thread” stitching through multiple shell protein interfaces. We further uncovered in CsoS2 a remarkable highly conserved repetitive key interaction motif, [IV]TG, which is critical to the shell assembly and architecture. Our study provides a general mechanism for the CsoS2-govern carboxysome shell assembly and cargo encapsulation and further advances synthetic engineering of carboxysomes for diverse biotechnological applications.
Dietary restriction fails to extend life in stressful environments
Authors: Zajitschek Felix , Zajitschek Susanne R. K. , Vasconcelos Ana C. O. , Bonduriansky Russell 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Moderate dietary restriction often prolongs life in laboratory animals, and this response has been interpreted as an adaptive strategy that promotes survival during famine. However, dietary restriction can also increase frailty, and it therefore remains unclear whether restricted diets prolong life under stressful conditions like those experienced by wild animals.

We manipulated adult dietary protein of Drosophila melanogaster across a gradient of ambient temperature, and examined effects on survival. To test for trade‐offs, we also quantified reproduction, and performance of F1, F2 and F3 descendants.

We found that protein restriction increased longevity of one or both sexes at benign ambient temperatures (25°C and 27°C), but failed to extend longevity of flies maintained in cold (21°C and 23°C) or hot (29°C) conditions. Instead, in females, protein restriction resulted in strongly elevated mortality at cold temperatures. Protein restriction also generally reduced reproductive performance, and did not consistently enhance performance of F1, F2 or F3 descendants.

Taken together, our results challenge the long‐held idea that extended longevity of diet‐restricted laboratory animals represents an adaptive survival strategy in natural populations. Our findings suggest instead that this response is an artefact of benign laboratory conditions, and that DR‐induced life extension might not be achieved in the more stressful conditions experienced in the wild.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Automatic first break picking with structured random forests
Authors: Zhang Chun‐Xia , Zhang Qi , Wei Xiao‐Li , Guo Zhen‐Bo , Wang Yong‐Jun , Kim Sang‐Woon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the seismic wave exploration field, first break picking is an important underlying task. With the emergence of massive seismic data, it is urgent to develop automatic and accurate picking algorithms to relieve the huge workload of manual picking. Although many traditional and machine learning based techniques have been developed, it is still a challenging task to obtain satisfactory picking results in practice because of complex subsurface structures and low signal‐to‐noise ratio. Ensemble learning has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool to produce good prediction results in many fields. Its core idea is to create multiple models with some special techniques and then to combine the prediction results of each model with a fusion strategy. Structured random forests , a type of ensemble learning method, have been proven to be quite effective in implementing structured learning tasks. Based on the observation that adjacent traces can provide useful information to pick the first arrival time for a specific trace, we propose in this paper a novel structured random forest based first break picking framework. In particular, a multi‐scale normalization technique is presented to make full use of the amplitude information at different scales. To capture local features of first breaks, an enhanced feature map based on the short‐term/long‐term average ratio method is also computed. By extracting patches from two channel feature maps, we construct a structured random forest to predict the locations of the first breaks. On the basis of the probability score map produced by the structured random forest, an effective post‐processing strategy is proposed to further deal with the detected results. By conducting experiments with synthetic and field data, the proposed method is shown to be effective in identifying first breaks. It is significantly superior to the short‐term/long‐term average ratio method and support vector machine in terms of picking accuracy. With the advantage of parallel computing, the computational cost of structured random forest is acceptable, that is, it is much lower than the support vector machine while being higher than the short‐term/long‐term average ratio method. In addition, the experiments also confirm that the multi‐scale normalization plays an important role in improving the picking performance of the structured random forest.
Normal incidence reflection coefficient approximation at an isotropic–poroelastic interface
Authors: Yang Chun , Stovas Alexey , Wang Yun , Wang Yujie , Wang Zhiheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSeismic response from porous sediments can be used in reservoir characterization and fluid detection. Reflection coefficient at the isotropic/poroelastic interface is essential to reveal seismic response from the fluid‐saturated deposits. The exact normal incidence reflection coefficient is given by complex mathematic expression and not very clear relations with solid and fluid properties. Therefore, we derive the reflection coefficient approximate formula in series with respect to the square root of the imaginary unit multiplying by the ratio between angular frequency and the characteristic angular frequency. Compared to the exact reflection coefficient, the proposed approximate formula has a more concise mathematical form and clearer relationship with the moduli and densities. Meanwhile, there is no need to calculate the complex wavenumbers of poroelastic media from the dispersion equation as the exact reflection coefficient. When the frequency tends to zero, the approximate formula is consistent with reflection coefficient for the isotropic/isotropic interface. The proposed formula's applicability is verified through two models with an interface separating the mudstone and fully fluid‐saturated sandstone with pore fluids as water or carbon dioxide.
Seismic characterization of Cenomanian–Turonian carbonate platform based on sedimentological and geophysical investigation of onshore analogue outcrop (northern Lebanon)
Authors: Abbani Ghina , Adelinet Mathilde , Inati Lama , Bailly Cédric , Nader Fadi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOutcrop
analogues play a key role in the characterization of subsurface carbonate platforms. The lack of well data and relevant outcrop analogues can result in the misinterpretation of seismic data. To address this issue, we apply an integrated workflow based on sedimentology, geophysics and petrophysics on outcrop analogues present onshore Lebanon, to constrain the carbonate platform's properties on onshore seismic data. A thorough sedimentary description is completed for a 400‐m‐thick Cenomanian–Turonian carbonate platform located in Kfarhelda, northern Lebanon. P‐wave velocity is acquired directly on the outcrop, and the petrophysical properties are measured on 44 samples. A 1D synthetic seismogram is computed with Ricker wavelet 25 Hz resembling seismic resolution. The resulting reflectors are mainly (1) high amplitude reflectors at the limit between two facies with contrasting physical properties enhanced by diagenesis, (2) moderate amplitude reflectors corresponding to stratigraphic limits at the transition between facies and (3) very low amplitude reflectors in karstified units. The integration of outcrop and seismic data is based on the generation of the synthetic seismogram to identify the geological origin of reflectors. The best fit between the synthetic seismic and seismic profile is used to interpret a seismic facies representing bedded limestones of Sannine and Maameltain formations (Cenomanian–Turonian). Two other distinctive reflectors are identified at the boundary of the Marly Limestone Zone, and the Channel facies unit characterized by bioclastic packstone to floatstone. This study highlights the importance of using outcrop analogues to identify the seismic signal of stratigraphic sequences and improve the interpretation of onshore seismic data.
A rock physics model in vertical transverse isotropy media and its application to Eagle Ford shale
Authors: Durmus Ufuk , Binder Gary , Simmons James L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractShales are rocks with a complex structure. Shales contain high clay content, which constitutes a load‐bearing skeleton. In this study, we present a novel rock physics model to obtain elastic stiffness coefficients of both clays and shales. The robustness of the model is then verified by a field dataset from Eagle Ford shale. We utilize the extended Maxwell homogenization scheme as a rock physics model for transversely isotropic media, which honours the aspect ratio of each inhomogeneity embedded in an effective inclusion domain. Estimated anisotropy parameters ε, γ and δ, on average, are 0.19, 0.29 and 0.04, respectively, based on our modelling results in Eagle Ford shale. Anisotropic modelling results exhibit a good correlation with dipole sonic logs. Both dipole sonic log analysis and rock physics results demonstrate that clay content is the main driver of anisotropy in the field, and there is a direct relationship between clay volume and anisotropy parameters of ε and γ. The method shown here can be readily applied to other unconventional reservoirs.
Non‐neonicotinoid pesticides impact bumblebee activity and pollen provisioning
Authors: O'Reilly Alison D. , Stanley Dara A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBees are essential pollinators of crops and wild plants and their ability to forage and pollinate are key aspects of their behaviour. Bee populations are under threat, with the use of insecticides a contributing factor. Most research has focused on neonicotinoid insecticides and bee mortality, and little is known about impacts on bee foraging and delivery of pollination services. However, other insecticide classes, such as organophosphates and pyrethroids, are increasingly used globally, but little is known about how these widely used substances may impact bees, particularly non‐honeybees.We exposed bumblebeeBombus terrestriscolonies to field‐relevant doses of a pyrethroid (lambda‐cyhalothrin) and an organophosphate (dimethoate) and investigated sublethal effects on behaviour at the individual and colony level, in addition to pollination service delivery under semi‐field conditions.We show, for the first time, that exposure to these chemicals impacts the activity and pollen provisioning of bumblebeeBombus terrestris audaxcolonies, while no short‐term effects on flower handling behaviour or pollination service delivery were detected.We found that colonies exposed to dimethoate were less active, with 67% fewer bees leaving the colony to forage than control colonies, and of those that returned, 92% fewer returned pollen provisions to the nest. Colonies exposed to lambda‐cyhalothrin did not differ in activity; however, 62% fewer of these bees returned with pollen provisions.Policy implications. These findings give important insights into how exposure to different classes of insecticides could impact bumblebee activity and their provision of pollen required for colony development. With a focus on neonicotinoids in terms of policy changes regarding insecticides and bees, we show that other insecticide classes should also be re‐examined in relation to their potential risks for pollinators. We confirm the need to improve risk assessment of insecticides to assess sublethal effects, include non‐honeybee species in risk assessment processes and also consider key behaviours such as foraging and interactions with plants.
New directions for the Tea Bag Index: Alternative teabags and concepts can advance citizen science
Authors: Middelanis Thomas , Pohl Chiara Marie , Looschelders Dana , Hamer Ute 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSince its first publication in 2013, the Tea Bag Index (TBI) has attained widespread ecological application, generating scientific data on stabilization and turnover of organic matter in soils. As a result of manufacturing changes (net structure, net material, tea varieties) in the past years, a critical examination of alternative tea bag products is necessary. The present study for the first time generated decomposition data on a wide range of potential alternative tea brands (four brands tested) and varieties (rooibos [RB], green [GT], black [BT], and peppermint tea [PM]). They were tested in both a laboratory and a field experiment lasting 90 days. Under controlled laboratory conditions GT, BT, and PM corresponded well to the kinetic assumptions of an asymptote model of the TBI, but RB did not. In the field experiment, the tea mass remaining after 90 days was determined for all tea bags across different land uses (arable land, grassland, and forest). BT imitated the decomposition behavior of Lipton's original GT even better than any of the GT tested. The finer structure of Lipton's new tea bag nets did not negatively affect the precision of resultant remaining masses and thus can be recommended for future studies. In conclusion, alternative tea bags should be explored across brands as well as varieties. Based on our findings, we proposed an update of the TBI, which is based on the readily feasible modeling of the decomposition curve. Crucial is the combined consideration of both multiple tea varieties and incubation intervals of different durations.
Does belief in meritocracy increase with inequality? A reconsideration for European countries
Authors: Bartram David 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecent research finds that higher inequality reinforces a tendency to see inequality as legitimate, via beliefs about meritocracy. That pattern appears in a cross‐sectional analysis—but it is seemingly evident also in a longitudinal analysis: an increase in inequality apparently leads to a stronger perception of a meritocratic process. I reconsider that finding here via an analysis that uses (1) a different set of countries, (2) a different time‐period, and (3) different measures of inequality and beliefs about meritocracy. Using data from the European Social Survey on 17 countries from 2008 to 2016, I present results that are in tension with earlier research: an increase in inequality leads people to disagree more strongly with a core meritocratic principle—that is, the idea that large differences in incomes are needed to reward talents and effort.
Predictors of coping behavior during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhu Weiwei , Lu Shanshan , Huang Panpan , Hu Xiaoli , Wei Jiuchang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study aims to describe public risk perception regarding COVID‐19 and corresponding self‐protection behavior using samples in China. An online survey was operated to investigate the perception of the COVID‐19 pandemic and their coping behavior (n = 1144). Structural equation models were applied to analyze data. Empirical results indicate that intention to adopt self‐protection behaviors and public risk perception are high. Risk perception, perception of governmental COVID‐19 prevention, and systematic processing positively influence coping behavioral intentions. Perception of governmental COVID‐19 prevention, knowledge regarding COVID‐19, and systematic processing positively impact risk perception. Knowledge regarding COVID‐19 positively influences systematic processing. Information acquisition positively affects perception of governmental COVID‐19 prevention and knowledge regarding COVID‐19. The epidemic prevention and control efforts of the government could trigger public coping behavioral intentions. Improving the information processing capability of the public helps maintain a high level of risk perception.
Do parties benefit from overhauling their image? The electoral consequences of ‘party rebranding’ in Europe
Authors: AVINA MATTHIAS 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPolitical parties are typically seen as conservative institutions which rarely change. Despite this common perception, parties do change, and on occasion, transform themselves by changing features such as the party name and logo, or their policy program. How can we conceptualize these kinds of changes, and what are the electoral consequences for parties which change in these ways? In this paper, I argue that feature changes and policy changes are instances of party rebranding, or situations where a party attempts to overhaul its entire image. I then test the electoral consequences of feature and policy rebrands on a dataset of 239 political parties from 1945 to 2019. The results indicate that feature rebrands increase party vote share for the election after the rebrand, while policy rebrands have no effect. These findings have implications for our understanding of parties themselves and the kinds of party signals that voters respond to.
Economic Consequences of Transparency Regulation: Evidence from Bank Mortgage Lending
Authors: NICOLETTI ALLISON , ZHU CHRISTINA 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTWe examine the economic consequences of a rule designed to improve consumers' understanding of mortgage information. The 2015 TILA‐RESPA Integrated Disclosures rule (TRID) simplifies the mortgage disclosures provided to consumers. As a consequence, TRID‐affected mortgages become a less attractive investment opportunity to banks. Our main results document that mortgage applications affected by TRID are less likely to be approved following the rule's effective date. We find evidence consistent with both a decrease in consumers' information processing costs and an increase in banks' secondary market frictions, providing insight into the potential channels through which this reduction in mortgage credit operates. We also find that banks partially compensate for reduced mortgage lending by increasing small business lending, and that fintechs absorb mortgage demand in areas with reduced mortgage lending by banks. Our study documents real actions that firms take in response to disclosure transparency regulation and contributes to the literature on the economic consequences of such regulation.
Microbial hydrogen cycling in agricultural systems – plant beneficial or detrimental?
Authors: Islam Zahra F. , Greening Chris , Hu Hang‐Wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHydrogen‐oxidising bacteria play a key role in maintaining the composition of gases within the atmosphere and are ubiquitous in agricultural soils. While studies have shown that hydrogen accumulates in soil surrounding legume nodules and the soil surface, soils as a whole act as a net sink for hydrogen, raising questions about how hydrogen is internally recycled by soils. Can the energy derived from hydrogen oxidation be directly funnelled into plants to promote their growth or does it only act as a booster for other plant‐growth promoting bacteria? Moreover, while the fertilisation effect of hydrogen on plants has previously been shown to be beneficial, questions remain about the upper limit of hydrogen uptake by plants before it becomes detrimental. Agricultural practices such as fertilisation may impact the balance of hydrogen‐oxidisers and hydrogen‐producers in these ecosystems, potentially having detrimental effects on not only agricultural land but also global biogeochemical cycles. In this perspectives piece, we highlight the importance of understanding the contribution of hydrogen to agricultural soils and the effects of agricultural practices on the ability for bacteria to cycle hydrogen in agricultural soils. We propose a framework to gain better insights into microbial hydrogen cycling within agroecosystems, which could contribute to the development of new agricultural biotechnologies.