bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of P. roxburghii oleoresin essential oils extracted by steam distillation, superheated steam, and supercritical fluid CO2 extraction
Authors: Ayub Muhammad Adnan , Choobkar Nasrin , Hanif Muhammad Asif , Abbas Mazhar , Ain Qurat Ul , Riaz Muhammad , Garmakhany Amir Daraei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPinus roxburghii is a rich source of high‐quality oleoresin that is composed of resin acids and essential oil (EO). The present research work was planned to study and compare the yield, biological activities, and chemical profiling of P. roxburghii oleoresin EOs extracted through various green extraction methods. Steam distillation (SD), supercritical fluid extraction, and superheated SD (SHSD) at different temperatures (120, 140, and 160°C) were employed to extract EOs from P. roxburghii oleoresin. Antioxidant potential of EOs was determined by total antioxidant content/ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)‐free radical scavenging activity (DPPH‐FRSA), hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays, and percentage inhibition in linoleic acid. Antimicrobial activity of EOs was determined by resazurin microtiter‐plate, disc diffusion, and micro‐dilution broth susceptibility assays. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to determine the chemical composition of EOs. It was observed that extraction methods significantly affected the yield, biological activities, and chemical composition of EOs. The maximum yield (19.92%) was found in EO extracted by SHSD at 160°C. EO extracted by SHSD at 120°C showed the highest DPPH‐FRSA (63.33% ± 0.47%), linoleic acid oxidation inhibition (96.55% ± 1.71%), hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (59.42% ± 0.32%), and total antioxidant contents/FRAP (134.49% ± 1.34 mg/L of gallic acid equivalent). The antimicrobial activity results showed that superheated steam–extracted EO of 120°C revealed the highest antifungal and antibacterial activity. It is concluded that SHSD is an alternative and effective technique for the extraction of oleoresins EO that improves the EO yield and biological activities. Further research on optimization and experimental parameters for the extraction of P. roxburghii oleoresin EO by SHSD is required.
Self‐assembled human placental model from trophoblast stem cells in a dynamic organ‐on‐a‐chip system
Authors: Cao Rongkai , Wang Yaqing , Liu Jiayue , Rong Lujuan , Qin Jianhua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe placental barrier plays a key role in protecting the developing fetus from xenobiotics and exchanging substances between the fetus and mother. However, the trophoblast cell lines and animal models are often inadequate to recapitulate the key architecture and functional characteristics of human placental barrier. Here, we described a biomimetic placental barrier model from human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) in a perfused organ chip system. The placental barrier was constructed by co‐culture of hTSCs and endothelial cells on the opposite sides of a collagen‐coated membrane on chip. hTSCs can differentiate into cytotrophoblasts (CT) and syncytiotrophoblast (ST), which self‐assembled into bilayered trophoblastic epithelium with placental microvilli‐like structure under dynamic cultures. The formed placental barrier displayed dense microvilli, higher level secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), enhanced glucose transport activity. Moreover, RNA‐seq analysis revealed upregulated ST expression and activation of trophoblast differentiation‐related signalling pathways. These results indicated the key role of fluid flow in promoting trophoblast syncytialization and placental early development. After exposure to mono‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate, one of the endocrine disrupting chemicals, the model showed inhibited hCG production and disturbed ST formation in trophoblastic epithelium, suggesting impaired placental structure and function elicited by environmental toxicants. Collectively, the hTSCs‐derived placental model can recapitulate placenta physiology and pathological response to external stimuli in a biomimetic manner, which is useful for the study of placental biology and associated diseases.
Initiating stiripentol before 2 years of age in patients with Dravet syndrome is safe and beneficial against status epilepticus
Authors: Chiron Catherine , Chemaly Nicole , Chancharme Laurent , Nabbout Rima 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of stiripentol initiated before 2 years of age in patients with Dravet syndrome.MethodThis was a 30‐year, real‐world retrospective study. We extracted the data of the 131 patients (59 females, 72 males) who initiated stiripentol before 2 years of age between 1991 and 2021 from the four longitudinal databases of Dravet syndrome available in France.ResultsStiripentol was added to valproate and clobazam (93%) at 13 months and a median dose of 50 mg/kg/day. With short‐term therapy (<6 months on stiripentol, median 4 months, median age 16 months), the frequency of tonic–clonic seizures (TCS) lasting longer than 5 minutes decreased (p < 0.01) and status epilepticus (>30 minutes) disappeared in 55% of patients. With long‐term therapy (last visit on stiripentol <7 years of age, median stiripentol 28 months, median age 41 months), the frequency of long‐lasting TCS continued to decline (p = 0.03). Emergency hospitalizations dropped from 91% to 43% and 12% with short‐ and long‐term therapies respectively (p < 0.001). Three patients died, all from sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Three patients discontinued stiripentol for adverse events; 55% reported at least one adverse event, mostly loss of appetite/weight (21%) and somnolence (11%). Stiripentol was used earlier, at lower doses, and was better tolerated by patients in the newest database than in the oldest (p < 0.01).InterpretationInitiating stiripentol in infants with Dravet syndrome is safe and beneficial, significantly reducing long‐lasting seizures including status epilepticus, hospitalizations, and mortality in the critical first years of life.
Towards a multifaceted measure of perceived legitimacy of participatory governance
Authors: Haesevoets Tessa , Roets Arne , Steyvers Kristof , Verschuere Bram , Wauters Bram 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPolicy decision‐making modes in governance contexts have become increasingly participatory. This raises questions about legitimacy, and how to measure this concept. The current article advances a multifaceted measurement of perceived legitimacy of policy decision‐making modes in participatory governance, capturing the three components of legitimacy (input, throughput, and output) with two items each. This six‐item measure was tested in a vignette survey (total N = 4583), which was administered among four types of democratic stakeholders: politicians, civil servants, civil society, and citizens. Respondents completed the scale for four different policy decision‐making modes (representative, consultative, co‐decisive, and decisive). Our six‐item scale shows excellent internal consistency as an encompassing measure, while at the same time also allowing for fine‐grained analyses on difference patterns in the input, throughput, and output components of legitimacy. As such, it provides a relevant and parsimonious tool for future research that requires a multifaceted measurement of the perceived legitimacy of participatory governance.
Peering through the lens of high‐reliability theory: A competencies driven security culture model of high‐reliability organisations
Authors: Hassandoust Farkhondeh , Johnston Allen C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo improve organisational safety and enhance security efficiency, organisations seek to establish a culture of security that provides a foundation for how employees should approach security. There are several frameworks and models that provide a set of requirements for forming security cultures; however, for many organisations, the requirements of the frameworks are difficult to meet, if not impossible. In this research, we take a different perspective and focus on the core underlying competencies that high‐reliability organisations (HROs) have shown to be effective in achieving levels of risk tolerance consistent with the goals of a security culture. In doing so we draw on high‐reliability theory to develop a Security Culture Model that explains how a firm's supportive and practical competencies form its organisational security culture. To refine and test the model, we conducted a developmental mixed‐method study using interviews and survey data with professional managers involved in the information security (InfoSec) programs within their respective HROs. Our findings emphasise the importance of an organisation's supportive and practical competencies for developing a culture of security. Our results suggest that organisations' security cultures are a product of their InfoSec practices and that organisational mindfulness, top management involvement and organisational structure are key to the development of those practices.
Collaborative programming based on social shared regulation: An approach to improving students' programming achievements and group metacognition
Authors: Liu Cheng‐Ye , Li Wei , Huang Ji‐Yi , Lei Lu‐Yuan , Zhang Pei‐Rou 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundSocially shared regulation is a vital factor that affects students' collaborative programming performance. However, students' weak group metacognitive skills or inability to adopt shared regulation mechanisms lead to unsatisfactory collaborative programming learning.ObjectivesThis study proposes an approach to support socially shared regulation in collaborative programming learning in order to enhance students' programming achievements and group metacognition.MethodsA quasi‐experimental study was conducted in a junior high school over a 10‐week period to investigate the impact of the proposed approach on programming achievements, group metacognition, and cognitive load. Forty eighth‐grade students participated in the study, with the experimental group learning via the proposed approach, while the control group used the conventional collaborative programming learning approach.Results and ConclusionsThe analysis included data from 38 participants. The experimental results showed that the programming achievements and group metacognition of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group. Additionally, the proposed approach did not increase the cognitive load of the students.ImplicationsThis study has important implications for teachers, learners, and researchers in collaborative programming and social regulation. Our proposed collaborative programming learning approach enhances learners' social regulation and performance, providing teachers with an effective tool for improving collaborative programming learning. This study also extends the field of socially shared regulation of learning (SSRL), demonstrating its potential to improve the effectiveness of collaborative programming learning and highlighting the need for future research to explore the mechanisms of SSRL in this context.
A probabilistic approach to levee reliability based on sliding, backward erosion and overflowing mechanisms: Application to an inspired Canadian case study
Authors: Mainguenaud Florence , Peyras Laurent , Khan Usman T. , Carvajal Claudio , Sharma Jitendra , Beullac Bruno 
Published: May 2023

AbstractImproving protection against fluvial floods requires a better estimation of levee failure. We developed an assessment method of levee failure probabilities for sliding, backward erosion, and overflowing each represented by fragility curves. We tested two approaches to aggregate those fragility curves into a global fragility curve respectively using: an enveloping curve and Monte‐Carlo simulations. We implemented this approach to earthen levee reliability for several flood return periods to the Bow River in Calgary, Canada. We used limit equilibrium method to estimate the safety factor of the levee segment and Monte‐Carlo simulations to estimate sliding probabilities. We used Terzaghi's critical hydraulic gradient to estimate backward erosion failure probabilities. The estimation of overflowing probabilities required expert judgment. We discussed how the choice of the hydraulic gradient area and the consideration of a steady state or transient model impact backward erosion failure probabilities. The results showed for our study case that, even though the transient model is a closer representation of reality, the levee saturation parameter has little impact on hydraulic gradient values, by extension, on sliding and backward erosion failure probabilities. The Monte‐Carlo aggregated fragility curve is more realistic than the envelop curve of the failure mechanisms for an equivalent computation time.
Divine Relations as a Basis of Subjective Social Status During Later‐Life: Direct and Moderating Effects
Authors: Upenieks Laura , Bierman Alex , Lee Yeonjung 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEarly social theorists, including W.E.B Du Bois, recognized the importance of religion and its links to inequality, particularly in how religious vocabularies are attuned to frictions with inimical concrete social and political realities. We apply these ideas to research on the intersection of religious beliefs and economic deprivation, examining how beliefs in divine relations not only structure subjective social status (SSS), but also the association between financial stress and SSS. Analyses of data from the Caregiving, Aging, and Financial Experiences Study—a national study of Canadian older adults (N = 4010)—show that financial strain is associated with lower SSS, but better divine relations (higher support from a divine power and lower troubled relationships with a higher power) benefit SSS. Divine support also attenuates the association between financial strain and SSS. This research suggests a Du Bosian “double consciousness,” in which relations with a divine power serve as a basis for individual conceptualizations of social status that run counter to predominant narratives based on economic standing. We suggest directions for future research to explore the nuances of SSS within the religious context informed by a Du Boisian mode of inquiry.
Reconstruction of sub‐mm 3D pavement images using recursive generative adversarial network for faster texture measurement
Authors: Wang Guolong , Wang Kelvin C. P. , Yang Guangwei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt is challenging to collect 3D pavement images with desired resolution for accurate texture measurement at driving speeds with current devices, particularly in the longitudinal direction. This paper presents a novel superresolution technique with recursive generative adversarial network, called Pavement Texture Super Resolution Generative Adversarial Network (PT‐SRGAN), to reconstruct 0.1‐mm pavement 3D image from low‐resolution data for faster texture measurement. With the proposed pseudo‐Laplacian pyramid and an array of learning strategies, the developed PT‐SRGAN reconstructs 0.1‐mm 3D texture images with multiple upscaling factors in longitudinal direction. Combined with the evaluation mask, the proposed method is substantially superior to other methods in terms of three metrics when comparing the image quality of reconstructed 0.1‐mm 3D images against ground truth. The preliminary results indicate that the proposed method enables data collection at driving speeds up to 24 mph to collect 3D pavement images at sub‐mm resolution for faster texture measurement.
The impact of COVID‐19 on mental health and well‐being in critical care nurses – a longitudinal, qualitative study
Authors: Credland Nicola , Griffin Martyn , Hamilton Peter , Harness Oonagh , McMurray Robert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had both a psychological and physiological effect on the human race. For those working in health care, particularly in critical care, the pandemic has put unprecedented strain on staff. Witnessing suffering during crisis in an organizational setting can be a traumatic experience and critical care nurses often risked, not only their own lives, but their psychological well‐being, so that those infected with the virus might have a better chance at survival.AimThe aim of this study was to explore the challenges to mental health and psychological well‐being experienced by Critical Care Nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Study DesignA longitudinal, qualitative study involving semi‐structured interviews with 54 critical care nurses across 38 hospitals in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsFour key themes were identified which represent the challenges faces by critical care nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Lack of control, Psychological trauma, Unexpected leadership, Public‐political betrayal.ConclusionsWhile public‐political praise may lead to a short‐term lift in morale for front line workers; where it is not accompanied by practical support in terms of appropriate equipment, leadership, emotional support and renumeration it is likely to be damaging in the longer term.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study has provided a greater understanding of the factors which affected the well‐being and mental health of critical care nurses during a global pandemic.
Emerging roles of brain tanycytes in regulating blood–hypothalamus barrier plasticity and energy homeostasis
Authors: Kannangara Hasni , Cullen Liam , Miyashita Sari , Korkmaz Funda , Macdonald Anne , Gumerova Anisa , Witztum Ronit , Moldavski Ofer , Sims Steven , Burgess Jocoll , Frolinger Tal , Latif Rauf , Ginzburg Yelena , Lizneva Daria , Goosens Ki , Davies Terry F. , Yuen Tony , Zaidi Mone , Ryu Vitaly 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSeasonal changes in food intake and adiposity in many animal species are triggered by changes in the photoperiod. These latter changes are faithfully transduced into a biochemical signal by melatonin secreted by the pineal gland. Seasonal variations, encoded by melatonin, are integrated by third ventricular tanycytes of the mediobasal hypothalamus through the detection of the thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) released from the pars tuberalis. The mediobasal hypothalamus is a critical brain region that maintains energy homeostasis by acting as an interface between the neural networks of the central nervous system and the periphery to control metabolic functions, including ingestive behavior, energy homeostasis, and reproduction. Among the cells involved in the regulation of energy balance and the blood–hypothalamus barrier (BHB) plasticity are tanycytes. Increasing evidence suggests that anterior pituitary hormones, specifically TSH, traditionally considered to have unitary functions in targeting single endocrine sites, display actions on multiple somatic tissues and central neurons. Notably, modulation of tanycytic TSH receptors seems critical for BHB plasticity in relation to energy homeostasis, but this needs to be proven.
Tomato leaf disease recognition based on improved convolutional neural network with attention mechanism
Authors: Ni Jiangong , Zhou Zhigang , Zhao Yifan , Han Zhongzhi , Zhao Longgang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPlant diseases are common factors restricting crop yield and quality. For individuals without training, it is still difficult to identify various diseases accurately because many leaf diseases are similar in colour, shape and other aspects. Requiring an expert diagnosis can cause delays and lead to increasing costs. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved convolutional neural network for recognition of tomato leaf diseases. The experimental dataset was from the publicly available dataset PlantVillage. Based on the original ResNet18 model, a new convolutional neural network, TomatoNet, was constructed by adding a squeeze‐and‐excitation module and modifying the classifier structure. The results show that the average recognition accuracy of the TomatoNet network is 99.63%, which is 0.53% higher than the ResNet18 network. In addition, the recognition accuracy improved from 88.97% to 98.35% after the improvement of the AlexNet network. Finally, the superiority of TomatoNet was verified by comparison with other advanced models. This experiment verifies the feasibility of a deep learning algorithm for plant leaf disease recognition, which can provide a more efficient and convenient solution for detecting plant leaf disease.
Gender variation across the Oromo dialects: A corpus‐based study*
Authors: Feleke Tekabe Legesse , Lohndal Terje 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study aims to (1) demonstrate the position of the Oromo gender system in Corbett's (1991) typology of gender; (2) illustrate major syntactic gender variation across the Oromo dialects; (3) identify factors that contributed to the gender variation, and (4) illustrate the morphosyntax of the Oromo gender system. The data obtained from the Oromo Speech Corpus shows a high degree of lexical and syntactic variation between the Western‐Northern dialects on the one hand, and the Eastern‐Southern dialects on the other hand. The Western and Northern dialects have shifted from the historically Cushitic phonology‐based gender assignment pattern to the semantic‐based assignment pattern. This shift has resulted in a widespread neutralization of feminine gender markers. The contact between Oromo and the neighboring non‐Cushitic languages contributed to these changes. The study also argues that Kramer's (2015) morphosyntactic approach can be extended to the analysis of Oromo gender system.
The use of sub‐Tenon's anesthesia versus a low‐dose neuromuscular blockade for canine cataract surgery: A comparative study of 224 eyes
Authors: Bayley Kellam D. , Gates M. Carolyn , Anastassiadis Zoe , Read R. A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveAssess the utility of a Sub‐Tenon's anesthesia (STA) protocol to provide suitable operating conditions for canine cataract surgery and compare it to an alternative low‐dose neuromuscular blockade (LD‐NMB) protocol used for canine cataract surgery.ProceduresClinical study of dog eyes undergoing cataract surgery with either an STA or LD‐NMB protocol. While intraoperative vitreal expansion scores and intraoperative complications were collected prospectively, globe position, intraocular pressure, return of vision, and postoperative complications were collected retrospectively. Statistical testing was used to compare results between the STA and the LD‐NMB groups for the data available.ResultsA total of 224 eyes from 126 dogs were assessed, with 133/224 (59.4%) eyes from 99/126 (78.6%) dogs receiving STA and 91/124 (40.6%) eyes from 72/126 (57.1%) dogs receiving LD‐NMB. Forty‐five of these dogs (45/126; 37.7%) received STA for one eye and LD‐NMB for the other eye. There was no significant change in intraocular pressure measurements following STA administration. This was not measured for the LD‐NMB group. The globe achieved a central position in 110/133 (82.7%) of eyes that received STA. This was not measured for the LD‐NMB group. Intraoperative vitreal expansion scores were slightly higher in STA‐treated eyes compared to LD‐NMB‐treated eyes. The intraoperative complication rate for STA‐treated eyes was higher (73/133; 54.8%) compared to NMB‐treated eyes (12/91; 13.2%). The most common intraoperative complication for STA was chemosis (64/133; 48.1%), the risk of which increased with an increase in the volume of local anesthetic injected. The post‐operative complication rate was higher in STA‐treated eyes (28/133; 21.1%) compared to NMB‐treated eyes (16/91; 17.6%). Post‐operative corneal ulceration was the most common postoperative complication in STA‐treated eyes (6/133; 4.5%).ConclusionThe STA protocol described resulted in suitable operating conditions, but more intraoperative and postoperative complications compared to the LD‐NMB protocol. Despite these complications, the STA protocol did not cause a significant deleterious impact on post‐operative outcomes as defined in the present study.