bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-count PET image reconstruction based on truncated inverse radon layer and U-shaped network
Authors: Ye Jianbo , Kuang Zhonghua , Yang Yongfeng , Cui Ke , Li Xiangyu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging widely used in various applications such as tumour detection. PET image reconstruction is an ill-posed inverse problem, and the model-based iterative reconstruction methods commonly used in clinical practice have disadvantages such as long time consumption and low signal-to-noise ratio, especially at low doses. Approach. In this study, we propose a deep learning-based reconstruction method that is capable of reconstructing images directly from low-count sinograms. Our network consists of two parts, a truncated inverse radon layer for implementing domain transform and a U-shaped network for image enhancement. Main result. We validated our method on both simulation data and real data. Compared to ordered subset expectation maximization with a post-Guassian filter, the structural similarity can be improved from 0.9357 to 0.9613 and the peak signal-to-noise ratio can be improved by 5 dB. Significance. The proposed method can directly convert low-count sinograms into PET images, while obtaining improved image quality and having less time consumption than iterative reconstruction algorithms and the state-of-the-art convolutional neural network.
Utilizing the Peltier effect for actuation of thermo-active soft robots
Authors: Exley Trevor , Johnson Daniel , Jafari Amir 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The field of soft actuation methods in robotics is rapidly advancing and holds promise for physical interactions between humans and robots due to the adaptability of materials and compliant structures. Among these methods, thermally-responsive soft actuators are particularly unique, ensuring portability as they do not require stationary pumps, or high voltage sources, or remote magnetic field. However, since working principles of these actuators are based on Joule heating, the systems are inefficient and dramatically slow, especially due to their passive cooling process. This paper proposes using the Peltier effect as a reversible heating/cooling mechanism for thermo-active soft actuators to enable faster deformations, more efficient heat transfer, and active cooling. The proposed actuator is composed of a thin elastic membrane filled with phase-change fluid that can vaporize when heated to produce large deformations. This membrane is placed in a braided mesh to create a McKibben muscle that can lift 5 N after 60 s of heating, and is further formed into a gripper capable of manipulating objects within the environment. The effectiveness of the proposed actuator is demonstrated, and its potential applications in various fields are discussed.
Anomalously small magnetic relaxation rate of Ca10(Pt3As8)(Fe2−x
Pt
x
As2)5 superconductor
Authors: Meng Yan , Sun Yue , Xing Xiangzhuo , Tamegai Tsuyoshi , Shi Zhixiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Large critical current density and low magnetic relaxation are the main challenges for practical applications of high-temperature superconductors (HTSs). Magnetic relaxation refers to the decay of superconducting current density caused by thermal activation and/or quantum fluctuations. This process involves the motion of vortices, particularly vortex creep, which leads to energy dissipation. HTSs typically exhibit strong superconducting fluctuations and magnetic relaxation due to their short coherence length and large anisotropy. These characteristics are usually manifested by the large Ginzburg number Gi and high magnetic relaxation rate S. The correlation between the relaxation rate S and Gi is informative to understand the interplay between vortex dynamics and relevant parameters. Recently, Eley et al (2017 Nat. Mater.
16 409) proposed that almost all the HTSs follow a universal lower limit S∼ Gi
1/2(T/T
c), providing new clues to design HTSs with small relaxation rate and evaluate their application potential. Here, we systematically studied the vortex dynamics in the Ca10(Pt3As8)(Fe2−x
Pt
x
As2)5 superconductor with a large Gi∼ 0.16. Strikingly, this material exhibits a small relaxation rate (S ∼0.02 at T
c/4 under 1 T), approaching the proposed lower limit of S∼ Gi
1/2(T/T
c). We propose that such a small value of S in Ca10(Pt3As8)(Fe2−x
Pt
x
As2)5 may originate from its unique structure with metallic skutterudite blocking layers. Our results suggest a promising new avenue for the search and design of HTSs with low magnetic relaxation.
Effects of interior angle and inclination angle of slot defect on electromagnetic-stress behaviours of superconducting swing system
Authors: Yu Zhiqiang , Zhao Xiaosha , Feng Wenjie , Zong Yinlu , Yue Chuan , Jing Liwei , Pei Lingben , Tong Dayan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Currently, copper-oxygen high-temperature superconducting materials have strongly anisotropic electromagnetic properties, which are difficult to describe in the equations. And in the rotating machine containing the permanent magnet (PM) rotor and bulk high-temperature superconductor (HTS) stator, when the HTSs have defects, their electromagnetic-stress behaviours may affect the mechanical stability of the equipment and even cause it to not work properly. In this paper, we proposed an anisotropic electromagnetic equation based on the H-formulation and established a three-dimensional coupled model with the magnetic, thermal and stress fields to study the electromagnetic-stress behaviours of a HTS with a slot defect during the swing of a PM, discussing the effects of the interior angle and inclination angle of the defect on the behaviours. The results show that the interior and inclination angles of the defect have a large influence on the electromagnetic-stress behaviours. For the electromagnetic characteristics, the main influence is on the rotational losses. Especially the losses at an inclination angle of 60° are 16.5 times those without damage. This is related to the ‘thin wall’ structure near the upper surface of the HTS. The stress concentration point appears on the defect boundary. The novelty of this paper is the proposal of the anisotropic electromagnetic equations based on the H-formulation and the study of the electromagnetic-stress behaviours of a superconducting swing system containing a PM and HTS with a slot defect from a three-dimensional perspective. The research results of this paper can be the references for the design and structural protection of superconducting rotating machines.
Implementation of coherence imaging spectroscopy for ion flow measurements in the Compact Toroidal Hybrid experiment
Authors: Allen N.R. , Ennis D.A. , Allen S.L. , Samuell C.M. , Kriete D.M. , Johnson C.A. , Hartwell G.J. , Maurer D.A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A new coherence imaging spectroscopy (CIS) system has been
characterized and validated for measurements of impurity ion
velocity in the Compact Toroidal Hybrid (CTH) experiment. CIS is an
interferometric technique providing very high spatial resolution of
line-integrated ion flows; however, these measurements are highly
sensitive to environmental factors such as temperature fluctuations.
A compact interferometer design housed in a thermally regulated
environment yields CIS measurement variations due to thermal
fluctuations of 0.25 km/s. CIS measurements of He+ flows in
the outer regions of CTH are benchmarked using two optical grating
spectrometers. The deviation between the measurements is typically
less than 2 km/s for multiple lines of sight which is well within
the uncertainties of the diagnostics. Additional experiments
demonstrate a moderate robustness of ion flows in the outer region
of CTH to changing the vacuum transform, direction of the magnetic
field, and plasma current. In contrast, regions of complete flow
reversal are observed when a bias probe is inserted into the plasma
edge.
Characterization of the response of IHEP-IME LGAD with shallow carbon to Gamma Irradiation
Authors: Sun Weiyi , Fan Yunyun , Zhao Mei , Cui Han , Yu Chengjun , Li Shuqi , Feng Yuan , Huang Xinhui , Liang Zhijun , Jia Xuewei , Wang Wei , Wu Tianya , Li Mengzhao , da Costa João Guimarães , Xu Gaobo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) for the High-Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) are crucial in reducing pileups in the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider. Numerous studies have been conducted on the bulk irradiation damage of LGADs. However, few studies have been carried out on the surface irradiation damage of LGAD sensors with shallow carbon implantation. In this paper, the IHEP-IME LGADs with shallow carbon implantation were irradiated up to 2 MGy using gamma irradiation to investigate surface damage. Important characteristic parameters, including leakage currents, breakdown voltage (BV), inter-pad resistances, and capacitances, were tested before and after irradiation. The results showed that the leakage current and BV increased after irradiation, whereas overall inter-pad resistance exhibited minimal change and remained above 109 Ω before and after irradiation. Capacitance was found to be less than 4.5 pF with a slight decrease in the gain layer depletion voltage (V
gl
) after irradiation. No parameter affected by the inter-pad separation was observed before and after irradiation. All characteristic parameters meet the requirements of HGTD, and this design can be used to further optimization.
Self-stimulating sandwich structure with resistive heating honeycomb core for quick thermographic inspection
Authors: Tříska Václav , Hnidka Jakub , Rozehnal Dalibor 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The paper presents the novel concept of a honeycomb sandwich structure with carbon fibre reinforced plastics face sheets capable of its own internal thermal stimulation for rapid active thermographic inspection, where an adapted electrically powered honeycomb core serves as a heat source. The proposed sandwich structure effectively reduces the equipment necessary for external thermal stimulation, while improving the controllability of the thermal pulse. A new design of the modified aluminum honeycomb core, required for resistance heating with sufficient homogeneity, is proposed. Numerical modeling was used to test the concept’s viability and to predict its efficiency for defect detection. The altered honeycomb was then manufactured and its heating characteristics were measured. This structure was then used as a core in a sandwich specimen with carbon fibre reinforced plastics face sheets, which also contained artificial defects embedded in the face sheets and in the face sheet/core interface. The applicability of the proposed modified honeycomb structure for thermal stimulation for active infrared thermography was experimentally confirmed, demonstrating the ability to visualize even very small defects simulating disbonding, or delamination. The impact of water ingress on the operation of the concept was tested as well. The proposed method has the potential to simplify and expedite the non-destructive inspection of aviation-grade sandwich structures in service via active infrared thermography.
Current-density functional theory for bosonic superfluids
Authors: Aizawa Tomoya , Higuchi Masahiko , Higuchi Katsuhiko 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A finite-temperature current-density functional theory for bosonic superfluids (sf-CDFT) in the thermal equilibrium state is proposed herein. In the sf-CDFT, hydrodynamic physical quantities, such as particle number density, current density, and the order parameter of the Bose–Einstein condensation, are chosen as the basic variables. This theory enables the simultaneous reproduction of the particle number and current densities of both the superfluid and normal fluid components with incorporating effects of the interaction between these components. Specifically, these components are determined by solving two single-particle equations, i.e., the Gross–Pitaevskii–Kohn–Sham and Kohn–Sham equations. Furthermore, using the continuity equation of superfluids, we present the sum rule for the exchange-correlation energy functional of the sf-CDFT, which is useful for developing the approximate form.
Direct observation of the magnetic anisotropy of an Fe(II) spin crossover molecular thin film
Authors: Dale Ashley S , Yazdani Saeed , Ekanayaka Thilini K , Mishra Esha , Hu Yuchen , Dowben Peter A , Freeland John W , Zhang Jian , Cheng Ruihua 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this work, we provide clear evidence of magnetic anisotropy in the local orbital moment of a molecular thin film based on the SCO complex [Fe(H2B(pz)2)2(bipy)] (pz = pyrazol−1−yl, bipy = 2,2′−bipyridine). Field dependent x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements indicate that the magnetic easy axis for the orbital moment is along the surface normal direction. Along with the presence of a critical field, our observation points to the existence of an anisotropic energy barrier in the high-spin state. The estimated nonzero coupling constant of ∼2.47 × 10−5 eV molecule−1 indicates that the observed magnetocrystalline anisotropy is mostly due to spin–orbit coupling. The spin- and orbital-component anisotropies are determined to be 30.9 and 5.04 meV molecule−1, respectively. Furthermore, the estimated g factor in the range of 2.2–2.45 is consistent with the expected values. This work has paved the way for an understanding of the spin-state-switching mechanism in the presence of magnetic perturbations.
The role of sea ice in establishing the seasonal Arctic warming pattern
Authors: Sejas Sergio A , Taylor Patrick C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In response to a positive CO2 forcing, the seasonal Arctic warming pattern is characterized by an early winter maximum and a summer minimum. While robust, our fundamental understanding of the seasonal expression of Arctic surface warming remains incomplete. Our analysis explores the relationship between the seasonal cycle of surface heating rate changes and the seasonal structure of Arctic warming in modern climate models. Consistent across all models, we find that the background summer-to-winter surface cooling rate and winter-to-summer surface heating rate slows over sea ice regions in response to increased CO2. The slowing of the background summer-to-winter surface cooling rate leads to an early winter Arctic warming maximum, whereby regions and models with a greater slowing also produce a greater winter warming peak. By decomposing the contributions to the background seasonal heating rate change, we find that reductions in sea ice cover and thickness are primarily responsible for the changes. The winter warming peak results from the loss of sea ice cover, which transitions the Arctic surface from a lower thermal inertia surface (sea ice) to a higher thermal inertia surface (ice-free ocean) that slows the seasonal cooling rate. The seasonal cooling rate in autumn is further slowed by the thinning of sea ice, which allows for a greater conductance of heat from the ocean through the sea ice to the surface. These results offer an alternate perspective of the seasonality of Arctic warming, whereby the changing thermal inertia of the Arctic surface is an important aspect of the seasonality, complementary to other perspectives.
Ultrafast Arctic amplification and its governing mechanisms
Authors: Janoski Tyler P , Previdi Michael , Chiodo Gabriel , Smith Karen L , Polvani Lorenzo M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Arctic amplification (AA), defined as the enhanced warming of the Arctic compared to the global average, is a robust feature of historical observations and simulations of future climate. Despite many studies investigating AA mechanisms, their relative importance remains contested. In this study, we examine the different timescales of these mechanisms to improve our understanding of AA’s fundamental causes. We use the Community Earth System Model v1, Large Ensemble configuration (CESM-LE), to generate large ensembles of 2 years simulations subjected to an instantaneous quadrupling of CO2. We show that AA emerges almost immediately (within days) following CO2 increase and before any significant loss of Arctic sea ice has occurred. Through a detailed energy budget analysis of the atmospheric column, we determine the time-varying contributions of AA mechanisms over the simulation period. Additionally, we examine the dependence of these mechanisms on the season of CO2 quadrupling. We find that the surface heat uptake resulting from the different latent heat flux anomalies between the Arctic and global average, driven by the CO2 forcing, is the most important AA contributor on short (<1 month) timescales when CO2 is increased in January, followed by the lapse rate feedback. The latent heat flux anomaly remains the dominant AA mechanism when CO2 is increased in July and is joined by the surface albedo feedback, although AA takes longer to develop. Other feedbacks and energy transports become relevant on longer (>1 month) timescales. Our results confirm that AA is an inherently fast atmospheric response to radiative forcing and reveal a new AA mechanism.
Age and Sex Differences in the Associations Among Socioeconomic Status, Affective Reactivity to Daily Stressors, and Physical Health in the MIDUS Study
Authors: Jiang Yanping , Knauft Katherine M , Richardson Clarissa M E , Chung Tammy , Wu Bei , Zilioli Samuele 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Low socioeconomic status (SES) is robustly associated with increased risks of morbidity and mortality. Affective reactivity to daily stressors has been proposed to be a mediator for this association. However, few longitudinal studies have empirically tested the indirect effect of SES on health through affective reactivity to daily stressors.

Purpose
This study aimed to test the indirect effect of SES on physical health via affective reactivity to daily stressors over a 10-year period and to explore age and sex differences in such indirect effect.

Methods
Data were drawn from a subsample of 1,522 middle-aged and older adults (34–83 years of age, 57.2% female, 83.5% White) from the Midlife in the United States study. SES (i.e., education, household income, indicators of financial distress) was assessed in 2004–2006. Affective reactivity to daily stressors was computed using data collected during the 8-day daily stress assessment in 2004–2009. Self-reported physical health conditions were assessed in 2004–2006 and 2013–2014.

Results
There was a significant indirect effect of lower SES on more physical health conditions via elevated negative affective reactivity to daily stressors among women but not men. The indirect effect of SES on physical health conditions via negative affective reactivity to daily stressors was consistent across the middle and older adulthood.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that negative affective reactivity to daily stressors might be a key intermediate process contributing to persistent SES disparities in physical health, particularly among women.
Defending the Hypothetical Author
Authors: Lin Szu-Yen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In contemporary analytic philosophy of art, the intentionalist debate is about whether the author’s intention is relevant to the interpretation of her work. Various positions have been proposed, and in this paper I defend what I call hypothetical author-hypothetical intentionalism, the position that interpretation is based on the intention attributed to the author constructed from the work. There are three aims to achieve: (1) to give a general account of hypothetical author-hypothetical intentionalism; (2) to present a moderate version of hypothetical author-hypothetical intentionalism; (3) to defend the moderate version of hypothetical author-hypothetical intentionalism against actual intentionalism and actual author-hypothetical intentionalism. Against the current trend that focuses on actual authors, I hope to show that the hypothetical author account is still a sustainable contender in the intentionalist debate.
Evaluation of Kinesio Taping for Edema, Ecchymosis, and Pain After Liposuction: A Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Zingaretti Nicola , Albanese Roberta , Pisano Gaetano , Isola Miriam , Giusti Alessandra , De Martino Maria , De Francesco Francesco , Riccio Michele , Parodi Pier Camillo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Liposuction is a safe, simple, and effective method of body contouring. Pain, ecchymosis, and edema are often local complications at the removal site, especially in the first weeks after surgery. Several studies have shown that kinesiology (kinesio) taping improves blood and lymphatic flow, removing congestions of lymphatic fluid and alleviating hemorrhage. However, there are limited data on the effect of kinesio taping in mitigating local complications at fat grafting donor sites.

Objectives
The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the impact of kinesio taping in reducing postoperative edema, pain, and ecchymosis in the liposuction area.

Methods
Over a period of 18 months (January 2021-June 2022), 52 patients underwent liposuction of both flanks with subsequent breast fat grafting. Immediately after the surgery, kinesio taping was used on the right abdomen flank in all patients. Degree of edema as well as ecchymosis and pain were quantified at 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery.

Results
There were statistically significant differences in the taping area for ecchymosis at 7 days after surgery, edema at 14 and 21 days after surgery, and in pain, rated on a visual analog scale, at 7, 14 and 21 days after surgery.

Conclusions
Kinesio taping, as used in this study, is beneficial in the reduction of edema and pain and the resolution of ecchymosis after liposuction.

Level of Evidence: 3
Accelerating open modification spectral library searching on tensor core in high-dimensional space
Authors: Kang Jaeyoung , Xu Weihong , Bittremieux Wout , Moshiri Niema , Rosing Tajana 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Driven by technological advances, the throughput and cost of mass spectrometry (MS) proteomics experiments have improved by orders of magnitude in recent decades. Spectral library searching is a common approach to annotating experimental mass spectra by matching them against large libraries of reference spectra corresponding to known peptides. An important disadvantage, however, is that only peptides included in the spectral library can be found, whereas novel peptides, such as those with unexpected post-translational modifications (PTMs), will remain unknown. Open modification searching (OMS) is an increasingly popular approach to annotate modified peptides based on partial matches against their unmodified counterparts. Unfortunately, this leads to very large search spaces and excessive runtimes, which is especially problematic considering the continuously increasing sizes of MS proteomics datasets.

Results
We propose an OMS algorithm, called HOMS-TC, that fully exploits parallelism in the entire pipeline of spectral library searching. We designed a new highly parallel encoding method based on the principle of hyperdimensional computing to encode mass spectral data to hypervectors while minimizing information loss. This process can be easily parallelized since each dimension is calculated independently. HOMS-TC processes two stages of existing cascade search in parallel and selects the most similar spectra while considering PTMs. We accelerate HOMS-TC on NVIDIA’s tensor core units, which is emerging and readily available in the recent graphics processing unit (GPU). Our evaluation shows that HOMS-TC is 31× faster on average than alternative search engines and provides comparable accuracy to competing search tools.

Availability and implementation
HOMS-TC is freely available under the Apache 2.0 license as an open-source software project at https://github.com/tycheyoung/homs-tc.