bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controversial views and moral realism
Authors: Rydenfelt Henrik 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIt is argued that the emergence of controversial views in discussions of theoretical medicine and bioethics is best explained by the assumption of moral realism within those discursive practices. Neither of the main alternatives of realism in contemporary meta-ethics — moral expressivism and anti-realism — can account for the rise of controversies in the bioethical debate. This argument draws from the contemporary expressivist or anti-representationalist pragmatism as advanced by Richard Rorty and Huw Price, as well as the pragmatist scientific realism and fallibilism of the founder of pragmatism, Charles S. Peirce. In accordance with the fallibilist view, it is proposed that presenting controversial positions may serve epistemic purposes within bioethical debates, providing opportunities for inquiry by pointing towards problems to be solved and arguments and evidence for and against to be put forward.
Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Anticancer Drug-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Dai Hua-ping , Ma Fei , Ren Yan-hong , Chen Shan-shan , Li Yi-qun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDrug-induced interstitial lung disease (DILD) is the most common pulmonary adverse event of anticancer drugs. In recent years, the incidence of anticancer DILD has gradually increased with the rapid development of novel anticancer agents. Due to the diverse clinical manifestations and the lack of specific diagnostic criteria, DILD is difficult to diagnose and may even become fatal if not treated properly. Herein, a multidisciplinary group of experts from oncology, respiratory, imaging, pharmacology, pathology, and radiology departments in China has reached the “expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of anticancer DILD” after several rounds of a comprehensive investigation. This consensus aims to improve the awareness of clinicians and provide recommendations for the early screening, diagnosis, and treatment of anticancer DILD. This consensus also emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration while managing DILD.
Facile and Economical Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Flexible Resistive Strain Sensors for Human Motion Detection
Authors: Shang Yulin , Zhang Bingzhen , Liu Jiyu , Xia Chunwen , Yang Xiaowei , Yan Defeng , Sun Jing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSuperhydrophobic flexible strain sensors have great application value in the fields of personal health monitoring, human motion detection, and soft robotics due to their good flexibility and high sensitivity. However, complicated preparation processes and costly processing procedures have limited their development. To overcome these limitations, in this work we develop a facile and low-cost method for fabricating superhydrophobic flexible strain sensor via spraying carbon black (CB) nanoparticles dispersed in a thermoplastic elastomer (SEBS) solution on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) flexible substrate. The prepared strain sensor had a large water contact angle of 153 ± 2.83° and a small rolling angle of 8.5 ± 1.04°, and exhibited excellent self-cleaning property. Due to the excellent superhydrophobicity, aqueous acid, salt, and alkali could quickly roll off the flexible strain sensor. In addition, the sensor showed excellent sensitivity (gauge factor (GF) of 5.4–7.35), wide sensing ranges (stretching: over 70%), good linearity (three linear regions), low hysteresis (hysteresis error of 4.8%), and a stable response over 100 stretching-releasing cycles. Moreover, the sensor was also capable of effectively detecting human motion signals like finger bending and wrist bending, showing promising application prospects in wearable electronic devices, personalized health monitoring, etc.
Pilot study evaluating intravenous amoxicillin-clavulanate as an alternative to piperacillin-tazobactam for general surgery patients
Authors: Drost Sarah A. , Rajakumar Irina , Rennert-May Elissa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this point-prevalence survey followed by prospective audit and feedback at 4 tertiary-care hospitals in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, we evaluated whether intravenous amoxicillin-clavulanate may be used as a narrower-spectrum alternative to intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam for patients admitted to general surgery services.
Heights on stacks and a generalized Batyrev–Manin–Malle conjecture
Authors: Ellenberg Jordan S. , Satriano Matthew , Zureick-Brown David 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We define a notion of height for rational points with respect to a vector bundle on a proper algebraic stack with finite diagonal over a global field, which generalizes the usual notion for rational points on projective varieties. We explain how to compute this height for various stacks of interest (for instance: classifying stacks of finite groups, symmetric products of varieties, moduli stacks of abelian varieties, weighted projective spaces). In many cases, our uniform definition reproduces ways already in use for measuring the complexity of rational points, while in others it is something new. Finally, we formulate a conjecture about the number of rational points of bounded height (in our sense) on a stack

$\mathcal {X}$

, which specializes to the Batyrev–Manin conjecture when

$\mathcal {X}$

is a scheme and to Malle’s conjecture when

$\mathcal {X}$

is the classifying stack of a finite group.
High-energy, hundred-picosecond pulsed 266 nm mid-ultraviolet generation by a barium borate crystal
Authors: Wen Ning , Wang Nan , Zong Nan , Lin Xue-Chun , Gao Hong-Wei , Bo Yong , Peng Qin-Jun , Cui Da-Fu , Xu Zu-Yan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present a high-energy, hundred-picosecond (ps) pulsed mid-ultraviolet solid-state laser at 266 nm by a direct second harmonic generation (SHG) in a barium borate (BaB2O4, BBO) nonlinear crystal. The green pump source is a 710 mJ, 330 ps pulsed laser at a wavelength of 532 nm with a repetition rate of 1 Hz. Under a green pump energy of 710 mJ, a maximum output energy of 253.3 mJ at 266 nm is achieved with 250 ps pulse duration resulting in a peak power of more than 1 GW, corresponding to an SHG conversion efficiency of 35.7% from 532 to 266 nm. The experimental data were well consistent with the theoretical prediction. To the best of our knowledge, this laser exhibits both the highest output energy and highest peak power ever achieved in a hundred-ps/ps regime at 266 nm for BBO-SHG.
Comparative law outside the ivory tower: an interdisciplinary perspective
Authors: Wilson Paulina E 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhereas legal comparisons tend to be concerned with legal systems, structures or rules, this paper focuses on a more fundamental element of law: a legal concept. From the semiotic point of view, a concept is an element of the tripartite construct of meaning, which – in the legal context – is derived from a particular legal system. Since effective communication in legal practice is predicated on the unity of meaning, issues are likely to arise when an act of communication spans disparate legal cultures. When the epistemic embedding of legal concepts fundamentally differs between the respective legal systems with which the participants to a communicative event are familiar, conceptual incommensurability will arise, impeding the communication process and, potentially, also having an impact on associated court proceedings.Against this theoretical backdrop, the paper shifts its focus to globalised legal practice, which requires a broader legal skillset and comparative perspectives. As an illustration, the equivalence of selected substantive law concepts is explored across the common law/civil law divide, accurate comprehension of which is essential to intercultural provision of legal services. Drawing parallels between the functional method in comparative law and the functional approach recommended in legal translation, an overview is provided of techniques for remedying terminological incongruence and conveying intended meaning across legal cultures. The paper concludes by querying whether the law curriculum would be enhanced by inclusion of comparative and linguistic perspectives, with a view to equipping graduates with interdisciplinary tools for effective legal communication and global law practice.
SINE QUA NON: INFERRING KODJADERMEN-GUMELNIȚA-KARANOVO VI POPULATION DYNAMICS FROM AGGREGATED PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS OF RADIOCARBON DATES
Authors: Popescu Gabriel M , Covătaru Cristina , Opriș Ionela , Bălășescu Adrian , Carozza Laurent , Radu Valentin , Haită Constantin , Sava Tiberiu , Barton C Michael , Lazăr Cătălin 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTPast human population dynamics play a key role in integrated models of understanding socio-ecological change over time. However, little analysis on this issue has been carried out for the prehistoric societies in the Lower Danube and Eastern Balkans area. Here, we use summed probability distributions of radiocarbon dates to investigate potential regional and local variation population dynamics. Our study adopts a formal model-testing approach to the fifth millennium BC archaeological radiocarbon record, performing a region-wide, comparative analysis of the demographic trajectories of the area along lower Danube River. We follow the current framework of theoretical models of population growth and perform global and regional significance and spatial permutation tests on the data. Specifically, we investigate whether populations on both sides of the Danube follow a logistic pattern of steady growth, followed by a major decline over time. Finally, our analysis of local-scale growth investigates whether considerable heterogeneity or homogeneity within the region may be observed over the time span considered here. The results show both similarities and differences in the population trends across the area. Our findings are showcased in relation to the cultural characteristics of the region’s 5th millennium BC societies, and future research directions are also suggested.
End plate interference effects on the aerodynamics of a circular cylinder in uniform flow
Authors: Fox T. A. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryResults are presented of an investigation into the interference effects associated with end plates of a type commonly used for the simulation of infinitely long (‘two-dimensional’) cylinder flow conditions around models confined with the working section of a wind tunnel. Experiments were performed with smooth circular cylinders of low area blockage in steady, low-turbulence, uniform airflow at a Reynolds number of 4·4 x 104 and involved the measurement of vortex shedding frequencies in the wake of the body, together with mean and fluctuating surface pressures, from which coefficients of local mean drag, r.m.s. lift and r.m.s. drag were calculated, and the use of a surface flow visualisation technique. The results reveal the aerodynamic characteristics of the disturbance induced by an end plate within the interference region which extends to 3·5 diameters from each plate.
Numerical predictions of transonic viscous flows around aerofoils through an Euler/boundary layer interaction method
Authors: Coiro D. P. , Amato M. , De Matteis P. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A semi-inverse viscous/inviscid coupling technique for the calculation of compressible flows is presented. Euler equations in integral form are solved for the inviscid part and integral compressible boundary-layer equations in direct and inverse form are solved for the viscous one. Interaction is realised using the equivalent sources approach.The technique has been applied to the calculation of the aerodynamic characteristics of aerofoils both in cruise and take-off or landing configurations. To treat the complex geometries involved in the latter case, a multi-block approach, based on structured ‘H’ grid topology, has been developed and validated for different configurations.
Longitudinal vortex control — techniques and applications
Authors: Bushnell D.M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLongitudinal vortices have tremendous practical utility for flow control (control by vortices) and in some cases have exhibited tremendous potential for causing harm if uncontrolled (i.e. control of vortices is required). Vortex control has thus far been carried out via multitudinous approaches in an empirical fashion, aided by the essentially inviscid nature of much of longitudinal vortex behaviour. Further refinement and several applications of vortex flow control require knowledge regarding the detailed flow physics of longitudinal vortices such as transition, transitional flow regimes, turbulence structure and modelling, and interaction with shock waves, other vortices and surfaces. This paper summarises vortex control applications and extant techniques for the control of longitudinal vortices produced by bodies, leading edges, tips, and intersections.
Breaking through the 106 barrier
Authors: Howard R.W. 
Published: March 2023

The fatal accident rate in the world commercial fleet of large jet transports has been on a near plateau for more than 15 years since the absorption of the major advances made with the last generation of technology and operational systems.Notwithstanding continuing technical advances, the increasing size of the world fleet demands more significant improvements if the actual number of accidents is to be reduced.This paper promotes the view that a further overall increase in the safety of air transport from the high levels currently achieved is unlikely to come about by normal evolution. It suggests that what will be required in future is planned improvements, quantified by statistical safety assessment methods. Such assessment should encompass the totality of an integrated Air Transport System, as distinct from the current practice of assessing the Aircraft Airworthiness, Air Traffic Management, Flight Operations Management and Air Navigation systems in isolation. The setting of new targets for overall safety should derive from an integrated systems approach.A relevant history of systems statistical safety assessment is reviewed, and certain aspects of cockpit automation and systems which may contribute to the future advancement of overall safety are considered.
Wing pressure loads in canard configurations: a comparison between numerical results and experimental data
Authors: Buresti G. , Lombardi G. , Petagna P. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryA comparison between computed and experimental pressure distributions on straight and forward-swept wings placed in interference with a fore canard surface at M = 0·3 and Re ≈ 2·8x106 is presented. It is shown that a numerical code, based on a non-linear vortex lattice method and expressly developed for the analysis of interfering lifting surfaces, is capable, in spite of its simplicity, of very accurate predictions in all configurations which do not correspond to sufficiently high angles of attack and to a close interference between the fore wake and the wing surface. Furthermore, even in the latter cases the predictions are acceptable, and the code is shown to be extremely robust as regards the variation of all its free parameters.
The numerical simulation of flow about installed aero engine nacelle using a finite element Euler solver on unstructured meshes
Authors: Peiró J. , Peraire J. , Morgan K. , Hassan O. , Birch N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe application of the unstructured mesh system FLITE3D.0 to the numerical analysis of the inviscid Euler flow past installed aero-engine nacelle is described. The main features of the system are detailed and the approach is demonstrated by simulating the flow over a Rolls-Royce model of a twin-engined civil transport aircraft with long-cowl nacelle powerplants. The computed pressure distributions are compared with the measurements produced by transonic wind tunnel experiments.
Growth, development, and host preference of Histiostoma feroniarum (Acaridida: Histiostomatidae): effects of temperature and types of mushroom cultivar
Authors: Qu Shao Xuan , Li Hui Ping , Zhu Jia Chun , Liu Jun Jie , Luo Xin , Ma Lin , Wang Qiang , Chen Ke Ping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOne of the most common harmful mites in edible fungi is Histiostoma feroniarum Dufour (Acaridida: Histiostomatidae), a fungivorous astigmatid mite that feeds on hyphae and fruiting bodies, thereby transmitting pathogens. This study examined the effects of seven constant temperatures and 10 types of mushrooms on the growth and development of H. feroniarum, as well as its host preference. Developmental time for the total immature stages was significantly affected by the type of mushroom species, ranging from 4.3 ± 0.4 days (reared on Pleurotus eryngii var. tuoliensis Mou at 28°C) to 17.1 ± 2.3 days (reared on Auricularia polytricha Sacc. at 19°C). The temperature was a major factor in the formation of facultative heteromorphic deutonymphs (hypopi). The mite entered the hypopus stage when the temperature dropped to 16°C or rose above 31°C. The growth and development of this mite were significantly influenced by the type of species and variety of mushrooms. Moreover, the fungivorous astigmatid mite preferred to feed on the ‘Wuxiang No. 1’ strain of Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler and the ‘Gaowenxiu’ strain of P. pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél., with a shorter development period compared with that of feeding on other strains. These results therefore quantify the effect of host type and temperature on fungivorous astigmatid mite growth and development rates, and provide a reference for applying mushroom cultivar resistance to biological pest control.
A review of the results from a patient experience survey of the palliative radiotherapy bone metastases service
Authors: Griffiths Sarah Jayne 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
A patient experience survey was undertaken as part of the role of the Macmillan Consultant Therapy Radiographer for the bone and brain metastases patients to inform future development of the service.

Method:
A questionnaire was developed and approved by the Trust’s local Questionnaire, Interview and Survey Group to survey the experiences and satisfaction of the service including the informed consent process, radiotherapy appointments and overall experience and satisfaction. The survey used qualitative and quantitative methods, including Likert Scales and free comment boxes. The responses were analysed by counting the frequency of each response and identifying any themes in free text responses.

Results:
Most patients were satisfied with the consent process with 1/36 patients reporting a lack of understandable information and 4/36 wanting more side effect information. The option of plan and treat was a preference of 53% of patients due to travelling back and forth to the centre; however, only 6% stated that they wanted two separate appointments. Ninety-four percent of patients felt that they had complete confidence and trust in the professional who consented them and 86% did not feel fully involved in the decision-making process. Overall, the service was rated as 10/10 by 61% of patients (n = 36).

Conclusions:
The patients surveyed were satisfied with their experience of the Palliative Radiotherapy Service; however, it needs to be developed further to meet the needs and expectations of the service users.
Performance of Seven Land Surface Schemes in the WRFv4.3 Model for Simulating Precipitation in the Record‐Breaking Meiyu Season Over the Yangtze–Huaihe River Valley in China
Authors: Di Zhenhua , Zhang Shenglei , Quan Jiping , Ma Qian , Qin Peihua , Li Jianduo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn 2020, the Yangtze–Huai river valley (YHRV) experienced the highest record‐breaking Meiyu season since 1961, which was mainly characterized by the longest duration of precipitation lasting from early‐June to mid‐July, with frequent heavy rainstorms that caused severe flooding and deaths in China. Many studies have investigated the causes of this Meiyu season and its evolution, but the accuracy of precipitation simulations has received little attention. It is important to provide more accurate precipitation forecasts to help prevent and reduce flood disasters, thereby facilitating the maintenance of a healthy and sustainable earth ecosystem. In this study, we determined the optimal scheme among seven land surface model (LSMs) schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting model for simulating the precipitation in the Meiyu season during 2020 over the YHRV region. We also investigated the mechanisms in the different LSMs that might affect precipitation simulations in terms of water and energy cycling. The results showed that the simulated amounts of precipitation were higher under all LSMs than the observations. The main differences occurred in rainstorm areas (>12 mm/day), and the differences in low rainfall areas were not significant (<8 mm/day). Among all of the LSMs, the Simplified Simple Biosphere (SSiB) model obtained the best performance, with the lowest root mean square error and the highest correlation. The SSiB model even outperformed the Bayesian model averaging result. Finally, some factors responsible for the differences modeling results were investigated to understand the related physical mechanism.
Mesoscale Variability, Critical Latitude and Eddy Mean Properties in the Tropical South‐East Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Halo Issufo , Raj Roshin P. , Korosov Anton , Penven Pierrick , Johannessen Johnny A. , Rouault Mathieu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEquatorward decrease of mesoscale eddy abundance, and meridional variations of their mean properties in the tropical South‐East Atlantic Ocean have been investigated on the basis of horizontal length‐scales of geostrophic flows, and theories of two‐dimensional geostrophic turbulence on a β‐plane. Meridional variations of satellite‐derived altimetric eddy kinetic energy density spectra were assessed in bins of 5°, from 5°S to 25°S, zonally averaged between 8°W and 15°E. They revealed two latitudinal bands of minimum eddy energy spectra: one in the northern Angola Basin (5°S–10°S) and the other across the Angola Benguela Front (15°S–20°S). In the latter, both the eddy forcing scale and the Rhines scale were observed at wavelengths of 300 and 350 km respectively, suggesting that only a small spectral range exists for eddies to grow. On the other hand, in the former, the eddy forcing scale and the Rhines scale were observed at wavelengths of 454 and 520 km respectively. The ratio between the Rhines scale and the first baroclinic Rossby radius revealed an onset of a critical latitude at about 11.4°S. Consistently, maps of eddy frequency of occurrence computed from eddies identified in the region has shown a notable decay in signal of the eddy density distribution around that latitude. This could explain the sharp equatorward transition of mesoscale processes observed in this region, which seems to shift from nonlinear eddies to linear Rossby waves, potentially explaining why fewer eddies are observed in the region when compared to other regions of the world oceans.
Machine learning nonequilibrium electron forces for spin dynamics of itinerant magnets
Authors: Zhang Puhan , Chern Gia-Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present a generalized potential theory for conservative as well as nonconservative forces for the Landau-Lifshitz magnetization dynamics. Importantly, this formulation makes possible an elegant generalization of the Behler-Parrinello machine learning (ML) approach, which is a cornerstone of ML-based quantum molecular dynamics methods, to the modeling of force fields in adiabatic spin dynamics of out-of-equilibrium itinerant magnetic systems. We demonstrate our approach by developing a deep-learning neural network that successfully learns the electron-mediated exchange fields in a driven s-d model computed from the nonequilibrium Green’s function method. We show that dynamical simulations with forces predicted from the neural network accurately reproduce the voltage-driven domain-wall propagation. Our work also lays the foundation for ML modeling of spin transfer torques and opens a avenue for ML-based multi-scale modeling of nonequilibrium dynamical phenomena in itinerant magnets and spintronics.