bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scrotal pain as a novel symptom of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C): Report from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlFakhri Lama , F. AlSaeed Abdullah F. , AlZin Majed B , Ahmad Syed Amir 
Published: March 2023

A previously healthy child, presented with severe abdominal and scrotal pain with scrotal swelling for five days. There was associated fever, vomiting, and diarrhea. There was history of COVID-19 infection in the previous month. The patient was febrile (39°C), and in pain. His other vitals were unremarkable. Testicular torsion and appendicitis were ruled out by ultrasound. Abdominal CT scan showed signs indicating terminal ileitis. His MIS-C panel revealed elevated inflammatory markers and cardiac enzymes and positive SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels. All cultures and RT-PCR COVID-19 were negative. Echocardiogram showed only minor mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. The patient was diagnosed as a case of MIS-C. and recovered completely on management. Our patient showed an inexplicable previously unreported complaint of scrotal pain and swelling as a symptom of MIS-c. Further research tackling MIS-C’s different presentations and comparing the efficacy of the different treatment methods will help us better manage this disease.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.6257
How to cite this: AlFakhri L, AlSaeed AF, AlZin MB, Ahmad SA. Scrotal pain as a novel symptom of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C): Report from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(3):913-915. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.6257
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Change in pulmonary function tests and their relation to the serum levels of ceruloplasmin, copper and superoxide dismutase in patients suffering from Type-1 and Type-2 diabetes
Authors: Lathiya Nida , Aziz Qamar , Fawwad Asher , Siddiqui Iftikhar Ahmed , Basit Abdul 
Published: March 2023

Objective: To correlate the serum levels of ceruloplasmin (Cp), copper (Cu), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) with pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in non-diabetics (controls) and patients suffering from Type-1 and Type- 2 diabetes.
Methods: The comparative cross-sectional study of 348 participants was performed at the Baqai Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology (BIDE) - Karachi, Pakistan, from February 2019 to September 2020. Individuals having diabetes-related complications, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chest infection, pregnant women and smokers were excluded. A total of 348 participants were included into three groups after signing informed consent. The control group had 107 non-diabetic participants, with an age range of 6 to 60 years. The diagnosed T1D group (n=107) had an age range of 6 to 25 years. While diagnosed T2D group (n=134) had an age range of 26 to 60 years. During the fasting state, anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, spirometry, and a venous blood sample (5ml) were collected to measure serum Cp, serum Cu, serum SOD, and HbA1c levels by using commercially available kits. The SPSS, version 21, was used for data analysis.
Results: The reduced FVC (p-value <0.001), FEV1 (p-value <0.001), and PEFR (p-value <0.001) were found in both groups of diabetes. However, the lower levels of serum Cu (p-value <0.001), SOD (p-value <0.001), and significantly increased values of FEV1/ FVC (p-value <0.001) and Cp levels (p-value 0.030) were found only in T2D group as compared to T1D and controls. The study found no significant correlation of PFTs and serum Cp, Cu, and SOD levels in patients suffering from T1D and T2D.
Conclusion: Hyperglycemia leads to more non-enzymatic glycosylation of tissue proteins that reflects reduced PFTs and increased Cp; particularly in T2D, which may alter lung tissue’s physiology. Moreover, the study showed no correlation of PFTs with the Cp, Cu, and SOD in patients suffering from T1D and T2D.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.6485
How to cite this: Lathiya N, Aziz Q, Fawwad A, Siddiqui IA, Basit A. Change in pulmonary function tests and their relation to the serum levels of ceruloplasmin, copper and superoxide dismutase in patients suffering from Type-1 and Type-2 diabetes. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(3):880-884. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.6485
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Conservative management versus volar plating for dorsally displaced distal radius fractures in the elderly: A randomized control trial
Authors: Shaikh Saeed Ahmed , Tahir Muhammad , Ahmed Nadeem , Maniglio Mauro 
Published: March 2023

Objective: This randomized trial aims to compare the clinical, and radiological outcomes between plaster cast and volar plating for distal radius fractures (DRF) in the elderly at six months, and one-year.
Methods: A randomized trial was performed at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre between February 2015 and April 2020. The study included patients that were above 60 years but under 75 with an isolated, closed, unilateral, dorsally displaced DRF. Randomization into two groups (casting or plating) was based on a computer-generated algorithm stratified by age group and AO/OTA fracture type. The primary outcome was Patient Rated Wrist Evaluation score. Secondary clinical outcomes were active range of motion, grip strength, the Mayo’s wrist score and the quick Disability Arm, Shoulder, Hands scale. Patient’s satisfaction was evaluated with use of a SF-12 questionnaire and finally complications were recorded.
Results: This trial has shown that there is no significant difference in clinical outcomes of DRF at six and twelve months follow up when treated by cast immobilization or plating. Although, the radiological parameters and the number of complications were significantly higher in the immobilization group
Conclusion: The results of the trial have shown that plating and casting are equally effective in achieving satisfactory patient reported and clinical outcomes at intermediate and final follow-up restoring patient satisfaction.
Trial Registration: The trial is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. The trial registration number is ChiCTR2000032843, and the URL is: http://www.chictr.org.cn/searchprojen.aspx
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.6522
How to cite this: Shaikh SA, Tahir M, Ahmed N, Maniglio M. Conservative management versus volar plating for dorsally displaced distal radius fractures in the elderly: A randomized control trial. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(3):891-897. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.6522
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined with Donepezil on stroke patients with memory impairment
Authors: Hu Wenqing , Wang Xue , Li Xinyi , Wang Qian 
Published: March 2023

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) combined with donepezil on stroke patients with memory impairment.
Methods: The subjects of the study were 120 stroke patients with memory impairment admitted to the Rehabilitation Department of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from July 2017 to March 2020. Enrolled patients were divided into Group-A (58 cases) and Group-B (62 cases) according to different treatment intervention methods. Patients in Group-A were treated with TDCS and those in Group-B received donepezil on the basis of TDCS. The changes in Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) memory index score, Barthel Index (MBI) score, cognitive function and cognitive potential were observed and compared between the two groups before and after treatment.
Results: The improvement of total MoCA score, a single score of memory, MBI score, cognitive function and P300 potential index in Group-B was significantly better than that in Group-A (p<0.05).
Conclusion: TDCS combined with donepezil can reduce or delay the cognitive impairment of stroke patients, improve their delayed memory ability, increase the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex, and further enhance their neural function. Findings in our study support that the proposed therapeutic method is worthy of clinical application.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.6822
How to cite this: Hu W, Wang X, Li X, Wang Q. Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined with Donepezil on stroke patients with memory impairment. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(3):898-901. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.6822
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Clinical study of interstitial brachytherapy for 72 cases of recurrent cervical cancer
Authors: Guo Yunfeng , Jin Ge , Gao Yang-yang , Li Kuixiu 
Published: March 2023

Objective: To determine the application value of interstitial brachytherapy in the treatment of recurrent cervical cancer.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 72 patients with recurrent cervical cancer admitted to The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from September 2017 to April 2022. They were divided into two groups according to different brachytherapy methods: conventional after-load radiotherapy group and interstitial brachytherapy group. After treatment, regular outpatient reviews or telephone follow-ups were conducted to evaluate the efficacy, related toxic and side effects and prognostic factors.
Results: The short-term efficacy of the interstitial brachytherapy group was significantly higher than that of the interstitial brachytherapy group (p<0.05). The one-year LC and two-year LC of the interstitial brachytherapy group were 94% and 90.6%, respectively, while those of the conventional after-load group were 74.5% and 67.8%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). The clinical efficacy of peripheral recurrence was 13.9% in the interstitial brachytherapy group, and that in the conventional after-load group was 2.7%, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in late toxic and side effects between the two groups (p<0.05). Prognostic factors: Multivariate analysis of the COX regression model showed that only the maximum tumor diameter was an independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS, while the recurrence site and brachytherapy method were the independent prognostic factors for LC.
Conclusion: Interstitial brachytherapy radiotherapy touts various benefits in the treatment of patients with recurrent cervical cancer, such as good short-term efficacy, high local control rate, reduced incidence of advanced bladder and rectal toxicity, and improved quality of life.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.6868
How to cite this: Guo Y, Jin G, Gao Y, Li K. Clinical study of interstitial brachytherapy for 72 cases of recurrent cervical cancer. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(3):863-869. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.3.6868
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Syntonic Refuge
Authors: Burrough Xtine 
Published: March 2023

In community, people find and offer refuge by coming together in common practices such as hugging and holding hands. The space between our bodies co-regulates our embodied reactions, thus cultivating a sense of peace amid stress or fear.
People are syntonic, harmoniously responsive to the changing needs of the situation. Through close human interaction, Syntonic Refuge discloses the heartbeats of two people who wrap themselves in the embrace of a shawl, which represents both care of the individual, and a shelter for shared experiences.
Syntonic Refuge is a social engagement that explores the importance of refuge for survivors and the act of surviving. Syntonic Refuge discloses ways that bodies harmonize with the environment and co-regulate heartbeats.
While we are ideologically aligned with the insurrectionary language of the call, “Tear Down the Walls,” our project is a quiet meditation on connections between survivors and the refuge we can create between our bodies in the aftermath of division or trauma. As barriers divide people, this project requires collaboration . The shawl is a bridge for bodies negotiating space.
Syntonic Refuge asks participants to come closer. Consider our common experience of survivorship, especially when we are remembering, and continue to witness, the enormity of human suffering through global atrocities, and share refuge in the heart.
Management of orofacial granulomatosis
Authors: Joshi Sandeep , Mawdsley Joel , Hullah Esther , Ormond Martyn , Carey Barbara 
Published: March 2023

Orofacial granulomatosis is a chronic relapsing-remitting inflammatory condition that shares a similar phenotypic presentation to some other granulomatous diseases, particularly Crohn's disease. However, subtle clinical and pathological differences justify it as a separate disease entity. Previous studies have assessed the effectiveness of interventions used in the management of orofacial granulomatosis. This article reviews the management options available. A literature search was conducted to identify studies, in English, which assessed the effect of non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions in the treatment of orofacial granulomatosis. The interventions were categorised into dietary modification, pharmacological (topical, intralesional and systemic therapy), surgery and psychological. A combination of interventions is often required to effectively manage each patient. There is convincing evidence that diet plays a role in disease severity. In patients where dietary manipulation alone is unsuccessful, topical, intralesional and/or systemic treatment may be considered to manage the condition.
Theory and generation of heterogeneous 2D arrays of optical vortices by using 2D fork-shaped gratings: topological charge and power sharing management
Authors: Khazaei Ali Mohammad , Hebri Davud , Rasouli Saifollah 
Published: March 2023

In this work, by providing comprehensive theoretical foundations, we revisit and improve a simple and efficient method that has been used for generation of 2D orthogonal arrays of optical vortices with components having different topological charges (TCs). This method has been implemented by the diffraction of a plane wave from 2D gratings where the gratings’ profiles are determined by iterative computational process. Here, based on the theoretical predictions, specifications of the diffraction gratings can be easily adjusted in a way to generate experimentally a heterogeneous vortex array with the desired power shares among different elements of the array. We use the diffraction of a Gaussian beam from a class of pure phase 2D orthogonal periodic structures having sinusoidal or binary profiles possessing a phase singularity, calling pure phase 2D fork-shaped gratings (FSGs). The transmittance of each of the introduced gratings is obtained by multiplying the transmittance of two pure phase 1D FSGs along x and y directions, having topological defect numbers l
x
and l
y
and phase variation amplitudes γ
x
and γ
y
, respectively. By solving the Fresnel integral, we show that the diffraction of a Gaussian beam from a pure phase 2D FSG leads to generation of a 2D array of vortex beams having different TCs and power shares. The power distribution among the generated optical vortices over the different diffraction orders can be adjusted by γ
x
and γ
y
, and it strongly depends on the profile of the grating. Meanwhile the TCs of the generated vortices depend on l
x
and l
y
and the corresponding diffraction orders, namely lm,n = −(ml
x
+ nl
y
) presents the TC of (m, n)th diffraction order. We recorded the intensity patterns of the experimentally generated vortex arrays which are fully consistent with the theoretically predicted results. Furthermore, the TCs of the experimentally generated vortices are measured individually by the diffraction of each of them through a pure amplitude quadratic curved-line (parabolic-line) grating. The absolute values and signs of the measured TCs are consistent with the theoretical prediction. The generated configuration of vortices with adjustable TC and power sharing features might find many applications such as non-homogeneous mixing of a solution consisting trapped particles.
The relationship between peer victimisation, self-esteem, and internalizing symptoms in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mullan Victoria M. R. , Golm Dennis , Juhl Jacob , Sajid Sana , Brandt Valerie 
Published: March 2023

Background
Peer victimisation is common and predicts increased internalizing symptoms. Low self-esteem, which is associated with both greater peer victimisation and higher internalizing problems, may help explain why victimised adolescents experience greater internalizing symptoms. Objectives of the present research were to establish the relationships between peer victimisation, internalizing problems, and self-esteem, and to test whether self-esteem mediates the effect of victimisation on internalizing symptoms.

Methods
We conducted a systematic literature search in Psychinfo, ERIC, Web of science, and Pubmed, following PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were: age 10–18 years; empirical studies that measured a) internalizing symptoms, b) self-esteem, and c) peer victimisation or bullying; design was either longitudinal or cross-sectional with a comparison group. Quality assessment were conducted using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. We conducted random effects models and a meta-mediation analysis, with self-esteem acting as a mediator between peer victimization and internalizing symptoms.

Results
Sixteen papers with a total of N = 35,032 (53% female) participants met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis demonstrated an association between peer victimisation and both high internalizing problems (r = .31, CI 95 = .26 to.36) and low self-esteem (r = -.25, CI 95 = -.29; to -.22), and between low self-esteem and high internalizing problems ((r = -.38, CI 95 = -.42 to -.33), as well as an indirect effect of peer victimization on internalizing symptoms via self-esteem (ß = .10, CI lower = .07, CI upper = .13).

Conclusions
Peer victimization, high internalizing symptoms and low self-esteem are all mutually related. Peer victimization partially mediates internalizing symptoms via self-esteem. Anti-bullying programmes may consider incorporating self-esteem building exercises in bully-victims. Limitations include high heterogeneity of results.
Nonsmoking after simultaneous alcohol abstinence and smoking cessation program was associated with better drinking status outcome in Japanese alcohol-dependent men: A prospective follow-up study
Authors: Yokoyama Akira , Kimura Mitsuru , Yoshimura Atsushi , Matsushita Sachio , Yoneda Junichi , Maesato Hitoshi , Komoto Yasunobu , Nakayama Hideki , Sakuma Hiroshi , Yumoto Yosuke , Takimura Tsuyoshi , Toyama Tomomi , Iwahara Chie , Mizukami Takeshi , Yokoyama Tetsuji , Higuchi Susumu 
Published: March 2023

Background
Growing evidence suggests that intervention for smoking cessation enhances alcohol abstinence in treatment settings for alcohol dependence. However, research in this field is rare in Asians.

Method
We prospectively investigated the association of smoking status with drinking status using 9 surveys mailed during a 12-month period in 198 Japanese alcohol-dependent men (70 never/ex-smokers and 128 smokers) who admitted for the first time and completed a 3-month inpatient program for simultaneous alcohol abstinence and smoking cessation.

Results
Nonsmoking during the first month after discharge and at the end of follow-up was reported in 28.9% and 25.0% of the baseline smokers, respectively. Kaplan-Meier estimates showed that a 12-month alcohol abstinence and heavy-drinking-free status were more frequent among never/ex-smokers (45.1% and 59.8%, respectively) and baseline smokers who quit smoking during the first month after discharge (59.0% and 60.8%, respectively), compared with sustained smokers (30.0% and 41.2%, respectively). Among the baseline smokers, the multivariate odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for smoking cessation during the first month were 2.77 (1.01–7.61) for alcohol abstinence during the period and 2.50 (1.00–6.25) for use of varenicline, a smoking cessation agent, during the inpatient program. After adjusting for age, drinking profile, lifestyle, family history of heavy or problem drinking, lifetime episodes of other major psychiatric disorders, and medications at discharge, the multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) for drinking lapse were 0.57 (0.37–0.89) for the never/ex-smoking and 0.41 (0.23–0.75) for new smoking cessation groups, respectively, compared with sustained smoking, while the corresponding HRs for heavy-drinking lapse were 0.55 (0.33–0.90) and 0.47 (0.25–0.88), respectively. The HR for drinking lapse was 0.63 (0.42–0.95) for the nonsmoking group (vs. smoking) during the observation period, while the HR for heavy-drinking lapse was 0.58 (0.37–0.91) for the nonsmoking group (vs. smoking) during the observation period. Other significant variables that worsened drinking outcomes were higher daily alcohol intake prior to hospitalization, family history of heavy or problem drinking and psychiatric medications at discharge.

Conclusion
Nonsmoking was associated with better outcomes on the drinking status of Japanese alcohol-dependent men, and a smoking cessation program may be recommended to be integrated into alcohol abstinence programs.