bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Gas/phototheranostic Nanocomposite Integrates NIR‐II‐Peak Absorbing Aza‐BODIPY with Thermal‐Sensitive Nitric Oxide Donor for Atraumatic Osteosarcoma Therapy
Authors: Fang Zhijie , Zhang Jiaxin , Shi Zhenxiong , Wang Lan , Liu Yi , Wang Jiqing , Jiang Jian , Yang Die , Bai Hua , Peng Bo , Wang Hui , Huang Xiao , Li Jie , Li Lin , Huang Wei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT) has received increasing interest in cancer therapeutics owing to its excellent efficacy and controllability. However, there are two major limitations in PTT applications, which are the tissue penetration depth of lasers within the absorption range of photothermal agents and the unavoidable tissue empyrosis induced by high‐energy lasers. Herein, a gas/phototheranostic nanocomposite (NA1020‐NO@PLX) is engineered that integrates the second near‐infrared‐peak (NIR‐II‐peak) absorbing aza‐boron‐dipyrromethenes (aza‐BODIPY,NA1020) with the thermal‐sensitive nitric oxide (NO) donor (S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine, SNAP). An enhanced intramolecular charge transfer mechanism is proposed to achieve the NIR‐II‐peak absorbance (λmax = 1020 nm) on NA1020, thereby obtaining its deep tissue penetration depth. The NA1020 exhibits a remarkable photothermal conversion, making it feasible for the deep‐tissue orthotopic osteosarcoma therapy and providing favorable NIR‐II emission to precisely pinpoint the tumor for a visible PTT process. The simultaneously investigated atraumatic therapeutic process with an enhanced cell apoptosis mechanism indicates the feasibility of the synergistic NO/low‐temperature PTT for osteosarcoma. Herein, this gas/phototheranostic strategy optimizes the existing PTT to present a repeatable and atraumatic photothermal therapeutic process for deep‐tissue tumors, validating its potential clinical applications.
NIR‐II Cyanine Nanoparticles for Imaging‐Guided Tumor Targeting Photothermal Therapy with Vitamin C Enhanced Efficacy
Authors: Huang Yurou , Ma Xiaoxie , Li Jiang , Tan Chunyan , Yin Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCyanine dyes in the near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) region are among the most promising photothermal agents, due to their high photothermal conversion efficiency, strong tumor targeting capability, and deep tissue penetration. The application of cyanine‐based photothermal agents remains limited, however, due to the invasive nature and spread of tumors as well as the potential for inflammatory responses during the treatment process. In this work, a naphtho[cd]indolium‐based heptamethine cyanine with NIR‐II emission is utilized to prepare PEGylated nanoparticles for studies of photothermal treatment. The results demonstrate that the nanoparticles have excellent NIR‐II imaging and tumor targeting capabilities. As a result of the light harvesting property of naphtho[cd]indolium‐based heptamethine cyanine, these nanoparticles demonstrate a photothermal conversion efficiency of 61%. The tumor‐targeting properties of these nanoparticles enable them to accumulate effectively at limbs containing tumors. Photothermal therapy shows almost complete disappearance of all tumors after eight days of treatment. In addition, hematoxylin‐eosin stains (H&E stains) of major organs show no discernible lesions throughout the treatment process. Furthermore, simultaneous injection of natural vitamin C during the treatment significantly improves the therapeutic effect of photothermal therapy.
High‐Performance Multi‐Dynamic Bond Cross‐Linked Hydrogel with Spatiotemporal siRNA Delivery for Gene–Cell Combination Therapy of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Chen Jiaxin , Zhu Haifeng , Xia Jiechao , Zhu Yutao , Xia Chen , Hu Zehui , Jin Yang , Wang Ji , He Yong , Dai Jiayong , Hu Zhijun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChronic inflammatory diseases, such as intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), which affect the lives of hundreds of millions of people, still lack effective and precise treatments. In this study, a novel hydrogel system with many extraordinary properties is developed for gene–cell combination therapy of IVDD. Phenylboronic acid‐modified G5 PAMAM (G5‐PBA) is first synthesized, and therapeutic siRNA silencing the expression of P65 mixed with G5‐PBA (siRNA@G5‐PBA) is then embedded into the hydrogel (siRNA@G5‐PBA@Gel) based on multi‐dynamic bonds including acyl hydrazone bonds, imine linkage, π–π stacking, and hydrogen bonding interactions. Local and acidic inflammatory microenvironment‐responsive gene‐drug release can achieve spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression. In addition, gene‐drug release from the hydrogel can be sustained for more than 28 days in vitro and in vivo, greatly inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors and the subsequent degeneration of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Through prolonged inhibition of the P65/NLRP3 signaling pathway, the siRNA@G5‐PBA@Gel is verified to relieve inflammatory storms, which can significantly enhance the regeneration of IVD when combined with cell therapy. Overall, this study proposes an innovative system for gene–cell combination therapy and a precise and minimally invasive treatment method for IVD regeneration.
Fast Response GaN Nanoscale Air Channel Diodes with Highly Stable 10 mA Output Current toward Wafer‐Scale Fabrication
Authors: Wei Yazhou , Chen Feiliang , Huang Ruihan , Zhao Jianpeng , Zhao Haiquan , Wang Jiachao , Li Mo , Zhang Jian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNanoscale air channel transistors (NACTs) have received significant attention due to their remarkable high‐frequency performance and high switching speed, which is enabled by the ballistic transport of electrons in sub‐100 nm air channels. Despite these advantages, NACTs are still limited by low currents and instability compared to solid‐state devices. GaN, with its low electron affinity, strong thermal and chemical stability, and high breakdown electric field, presents an appealing candidate as a field emission material. Here, a vertical GaN nanoscale air channel diode (NACD) with a 50 nm air channel is reported, fabricated by low‐cost IC‐compatible manufacturing technologies on a 2‐inch sapphire wafer. The device boasts a record field emission current of 11 mA at 10 V in the air and exhibits outstanding stability during cyclic, long‐term, and pulsed voltage testing. Additionally, it displays fast switching characteristics and good repeatability with a response time of fewer than 10 ns. Moreover, the temperature‐dependent performance of the device can guide the design of GaN NACTs for applications in extreme conditions. The research holds great promise for large current NACTs and will speed up their practical implementation.
High‐Throughput Design of Magnetocaloric Materials for Energy Applications: MM´X alloys
Authors: Fortunato Nuno M. , Taubel Andreas , Marmodoro Alberto , Pfeuffer Lukas , Ophale Ingo , Ebert Hebert , Gutfleisch Oliver , Zhang Hongbin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMagnetic refrigeration offers an energy efficient and environmental friendly alternative to conventional vapor‐cooling. However, its adoption depends on materials with tailored magnetic and structural properties. Here a high‐throughput computational workflow for the design of magnetocaloric materials is introduced. Density functional theory calculations are used to screen potential candidates in the family of MM'X (M/M’ = metal, X = main group element) compounds. Out of 274 stable compositions, 46 magnetic compounds are found to stabilize in both an austenite and martensite phase. Following the concept of Curie temperature window, nine compounds are identified as potential candidates with structural transitions, by evaluating and comparing the structural phase transition and magnetic ordering temperatures. Additionally, the use of doping to tailor magnetostructural coupling for both known and newly predicted MM'X compounds is predicted and isostructural substitution as a general approach to engineer magnetocaloric materials is suggested.
A Bifunctional Liquid Fuel Cell Coupling Power Generation and V3.5+ Electrolytes Production for All Vanadium Flow Batteries
Authors: Sun Shibo , Fang Liwei , Guo Hui , Sun Liping , Liu Yong , Cheng Yuanhui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAll vanadium flow batteries (VFBs) are considered one of the most promising large‐scale energy storage technology, but restricts by the high manufacturing cost of V3.5+ electrolytes using the current electrolysis method. Here, a bifunctional liquid fuel cell is designed and proposed to produce V3.5+ electrolytes and generate power energy by using formic acid as fuels and V4+ as oxidants. Compared with the traditional electrolysis method, this method not only does not consume additional electric energy, but also can output electric energy. Therefore, the process cost of producing V3.5+ electrolytes is reduced by 16.3%. This fuel cell has a maximum power of 0.276 mW cm−2 at an operating current of 1.75 mA cm−2. Ultraviolet–visible spectrum and potentiometric titration identify the oxidation state of prepared vanadium electrolytes is 3.48 ± 0.06, close to the ideal 3.5. VFBs with prepared V3.5+ electrolytes deliver similar energy conversion efficiency and superior capacity retention to that with commercial V3.5+ electrolytes. This work proposes a simple and practical strategy to prepare V3.5+ electrolytes.
Thermometry of AlGaN/GaN 2D Channels at High Electric Fields Using Electrical and Optical Methods
Authors: Vitusevich S. , Nasieka I.M. , Naumov A. V. , Kalyuzhnyi V. V. , Liubchenko O. I. , Antypov I. O. , Boyko M. I. , Belyaev A. E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe active channels in AlGaN/GaN‐based heterostructures are studied under different applied electrical fields to identify the Joule heating factors affecting the temperature values in the channels. The temperature in active channels of two different lengths (30 and 180 µm) is characterized using optical methods, and electrical methods are used as a reference. The technique of optical thermometry is based on the data of micro‐photoluminescence and micro‐Raman experiments. The electrical method is based on the measurements of current–voltage characteristics for comparison. It is shown that photoluminescence‐ and electrical‐based temperature values demonstrate similar behavior and good correlation. The Raman‐based method, exploiting the temperature dependence of the frequency position of E2high vibrational band in GaN, shows a significant deviation compared with electrical‐ and luminescence‐based methods. This deviation is shown to be related to the residual mechanical strain in the layered structure and the formation of hot phonons. The influence of hot phonons and mechanical strain effects increases at high electrical load (>5 kV cm−1) and at high temperatures (>400 °C), respectively.
Ion Bridging by Carbon Dioxide Facilitates Electrochemical Energy Storage at Charged Carbon–Ionic–Liquid Interfaces
Authors: Liu Mingren , Wang Yong‐Lei , Schutjajew Konstantin , Chai Liyuan , Oschatz Martin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSolvent free ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes facilitate high‐voltage supercapacitors with enhanced energy density, but their complex ion arrangement and through that the electrochemical properties, are limited by strong Coulombic ordering in the bulk state and like‐charged ion repulsion at electrified interfaces. Herein, a unique interfacial phenomenon resulting from the presence of carbon dioxide loaded in 1‐Ethyl‐3‐methylimidazoliumtetrafluorborate electrolyte that simultaneously couples to IL ions and nitrogen‐doped carbonaceous electrode is reported. The adsorbed CO2 molecule polarizes and mitigates the electrostatic repulsion among like‐charged ions near the electrified interface, leading to an ion “bridge effect” with increased interfacial ionic density and significantly enhanced charge storage capability. The unpolarized CO2 possessing a large quadrupole moment further reduces ion coupling, resulting in higher conductivity of the bulk IL and improved rate capability of the supercapacitor. This work demonstrates polarization‐controlled like‐charge attraction at IL–electrode–gas three‐phase boundaries, providing insights into manipulating complex interfacial ion ordering with small polar molecule mediators.
Elder‐led cultural identity program as counterspace at a public university: Narratives on sense of community, empowering settings, and empowerment
Authors: Buckingham Sara L. , Schroeder Tiera Uqiilaq , Hutchinson Jacy R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHigher education institutions present unique settings in which identities and life paths are distinctively shaped. While at their best universities should serve as empowering settings that support their members to grow and develop, to raise awareness of injustice, and to catalyze change, too often systems of higher education in the United States serve to marginalize Indigenous cultures and promote assimilation to White, Euro‐American cultures. Counterspaces offer an important response, spaces developed by and for people experiencing oppression that allow for solidarity‐building, social support, healing, resource attainment, skill‐building, resistance, counter‐storytelling, and ideally, empowerment. The Alaska Native (AN) Cultural Identity Project (CIP) is based at an urban U.S.‐based university and was rolled out during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Developed from the best available scientific and practice literature, local data from AN students, and traditional wisdom from Elders, CIP incorporated storytelling, experiential learning, connection, exploration, and sharing of identity and cultural strengths with the aim of helping AN students understand who they are and who they are becoming. In all, 44 students, 5 Elders, and 3 additional staff participated in the space. In this paper, we sought to understand how CIP was experienced by these unique members who co‐created and engaged in this space through 10 focus groups with 36 of the CIP members. We found that the counterspace promoted a sense of community, served as an empowering setting, and set the stage for empowering actions and ripple effects beyond its impact on individuals.
Reactive Superhydrophobic Surfaces for Interlayer Electrical Connectivity in Three‐dimensional Electronics
Authors: Xie Xinjian , Feng Wenqian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study describes the development of a new type of amine‐reactive superhydrophobic (RSH) film that is facilely coated on various substrates using a single‐step process, while the versatility of this RSH film offers a reliable solution for efficient formation of complex and robust interlayer electrical connectivity (IEC) in 3D electronic systems. The excellent spatial controllability of surface amine modification enables the generation of vertical circuits in situ, providing a distinct way to connect circuits located on different layers. Moreover, the inherent superhydrophobicity and porosity exhibit the required anti‐fouling and breathability properties, making the RSH‐based IEC well‐suited for applications where exposure to environmental gas and liquid contaminants is likely. This approach provides another avenue towards the development of IEC in 3D flexible integrated electronics, opening up new possibilities for the advancement of this field.
Selective In Situ Analysis of Mature microRNAs in Extracellular Vesicles Using a DNA Cage‐Based Thermophoretic Assay
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Zhang Shaohua , Hu Huijun , Cheng Yangchang , Zou Kexuan , Song Jie , Deng Jinqi , Li Lele , Zhang Xiao‐Bing , Ke Guoliang , Sun Jiashu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMature microRNAs (miRNAs) in extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in different stages of cancer progression, yet it remains challenging to precisely detect mature miRNAs in EVs due to the presence of interfering RNAs (such as longer precursor miRNAs, pre‐miRNAs) and the low abundance of tumor‐associated miRNAs. By leveraging the size‐selective ability of DNA cages and polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐enhanced thermophoretic accumulation of EVs, we devised a DNA cage‐based thermophoretic assay for highly sensitive, selective, and in situ detection of mature miRNAs in EVs with a low limit of detection (LoD) of 2.05 fM. Our assay can profile EV mature miRNAs directly in serum samples without the interference of pre‐miRNAs and the need for ultracentrifugation. A clinical study showed that EV miR‐21 or miR‐155 had an overall accuracy of 90 % for discrimination between breast cancer patients and healthy donors, which outperformed conventional molecular probes detecting both mature miRNAs and pre‐miRNAs. We envision that our assay can advance EV miRNA‐based diagnosis of cancer.
Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye using low‐cost pyrofabricated titanium dioxide quantum dots‐kaolinite nanocomposite
Authors: Awad Mahmoud E. , Farrag Amr M. , El‐Bindary Ashraf A. , El‐Bindary Mohamed A. , Kiwaan Hala A. 
Published: April 2023

In this study, we report a simple technique for the pyrofabrication of a novel photocatalyst of titanium dioxide quantum dots‐kaolinite nanocomposite (TiO2‐QDs‐Kao) used for rhodamine B (RhB) dye degradation. The photocatalyst was characterized by using different analytical techniques, including XRD, XRF, XPS, FTIR, DTA/TGA, SEM–EDX, TEM, BET, BJH, ZP and UV–Vis DRS. The photocatalytic degradation of RhB was performed in aqueous solutions using the sustainable sunlight energy under atmospheric conditions and fixed neutral medium (pH = 7). The produced photocatalyst exhibited optical band gap energy of 2.85 eV, an improved large specific surface area of 107.724 m2/g with pore radius of 1.45 nm and total pore volume of 0.123 cm3/g. The study indicated a maximum 91% degradation efficiency of RhB after 120 min using the optimum dose 1,400 mg/l of the TiO2‐QDs‐Kao photocatalyst. The degradation of RhB dye fitted the Langmuir first‐order kinetics with rate constant 0.0151 min−1. The radical trapping experiments based on scavengers confirmed that the mechanism of photocatalytic degradation activity was potentially based on electron (e−) and hole (h+) conduction band. The potential energy of the valence and conduction bands EVB and ECB were calculated 2.73 and −0.12 eV, respectively. A triple reusability study confirmed a high stability of TiO2‐QDs‐Kao photocatalyst with detected degradation efficiencies of 91.0, 89.9, 88.8 and 87.5%, respectively.
A new organic zinc thermal stabilizer containing two kinds of anions with excellent thermal stability on polyvinyl chloride by multistep substitution
Authors: Shi Yanqin , Chen Lukai , Lu Songyan , Yao Yuchen , Chen Si , He Huiwen , Ma Meng , Wang Xu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA new kind of highly efficient organic zinc thermal stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), zinc arginine stearate [Zn(Arg)(St)], is designed by introducing the arginine and stearate to the same zinc atoms to regulate the binding energy between anions and cation. Gaussian soft is used to calculate the binding energy. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectra, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry show that Zn(Arg)(St) has been successfully synthesized. Zn(Arg)(St) stabilized PVC displays excellent Congo red, static and dynamic thermal stability time, especially the excellent initial whiteness and whiteness retention time. The thermal stability mechanism of Zn(Arg)(St) attributes to the different binding energy between the two anions and zinc cation, which results in Zn(Arg)(St) continuously replacing the unstable chlorine atoms step by step by Arg and St anions. Moreover, the amino group in Arg could complex ZnCl2 to inhibit the “zinc burning” effect, and the guanidine group could absorb HCl to inhibit the “autocatalytic effect” of HCl. In addition, Zn(Arg)(St) has a remarkable lubrication effect, which also enhances the thermal stability of PVC. Thus, Zn(Arg)(St) is an environmentally friendly thermal stabilizer for PVC with an excellent thermal stability effect. Importantly, this work also proposes a new method to design highly efficient thermal stabilizers for PVC.
Cyclic carbonates as building blocks for non‐isocyanate polyurethanes
Authors: Kotanen Soilikki , Wirtanen Tom , Mahlberg Riitta , Anghelescu‐Hakala Adina , Harjunalanen Tapani , Willberg‐Keyrilainen Pia , Laaksonen Timo , Sarlin Essi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThree different cyclic carbonates (ethylene, propylene, and butylene carbonate) that can be derived from CO2 were successfully polymerized with hexamethylenediamine to form non‐isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) via self‐polycondensation route without the use of harmful di‐isocyanates. Three different catalysts were compared for their performance in self‐polycondensation. Increasing the side chain length in cyclic carbonate increased the amount of urea side reaction and decreased the solubility of the final product. The increased amount of urea lead to a more thermoset behavior as the melting and decomposition took place simultaneously. Furthermore, the extent of urea side reaction and melting behavior were adjustable with the selection of the catalyst or polymerization parameters. With ethylene and propylene carbonate based precursors, it was possible to obtain promising melting temperatures and lap shear strength for the NIPUs when optimized polymerization parameters and catalyst were used.
Synthesis of fluorinated copolymers and their applications as pressure‐responsive materials
Authors: Shi Jiayan , Wei Chunhua , Deng Mengyu , Liang Lei , Tian Yanqing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPressure‐sensitive paints (PSPs) have been demonstrated to be very important for aerodynamics research. In order to improve the pressure sensitivity and adhesion ability of PSP, herein, a series of fluorine‐containing copolymers compositing of an oxygen and pressure‐responsive probe derived from platinum(II)‐5,10,15,20‐tetrakis‐(2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorophenyl)‐porphyrin (PtTFPP) named as poly[(tBs)a‐co‐(TFEM)b‐co‐(PtTFPP‐1MA)c] were synthesized and investigated as PSPs. These PSPs were constructed with different fluorine ratios for the investigation of the effect of fluorine contents on PSPs. Especially, PSP (F0.33) with the trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEM) molar ratio of 33% in the copolymers could adhere well to the surface of an aircraft model. F0.33 showed high oxygen sensitivity (I0/I100 = 32.87), reasonable response time to oxygen (44 s), high pressure sensitivity (SP = 0.75%/kPa at 20°C) and low temperature response (ST = −0.77%/°C at 100 kPa). F0.33 was further sprayed on the surface of a delta wing of an aircraft model and its pressure response was verified in a wind tunnel. The data from F0.33 film at the same wind speed and position were close to the pressure data measured by using traditional method using open pressure holes, showing the potential application of these PSPs.
Emissionsarmes Bauen mit Beton: Perspektiven und Handlungskorridore
Authors: Weidner Stefanie , Bechmann Roland , Mrzigod Alexandra 
Published: April 2023

AbstractErrichtung, Betrieb und Rückbau von Gebäuden verursachen große Mengen an Treibhausgasen. Insbesondere der Einsatz von Beton führt zu schädlichen Umweltauswirkungen. Die Herstellung von Zement verursacht mehr als 8 % des anthropogenen CO2‐Ausstoßes. In diesem Beitrag werden Lösungsstrategien aufgezeigt, die jede/r Planer/in schon heute mit den verfügbaren Technologien und Werkzeugen anwenden kann, um einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Emissionsreduzierung des Bausektors zu leisten.