bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus nsp13 Protein Downregulates Neonatal Fc Receptor Expression by Causing Promoter Hypermethylation through the NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Jia Xiangchao , Chen Jing , Qiao Chenyuan , Li Chenxi , Yang Kang , Zhang Yang , Li Jian , Li Zili 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly pathogenic porcine enteric coronavirus that causes severe watery diarrhea and even death in piglets. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is the only transport receptor for IgG. FcRn expressed by intestinal epithelial cells can transport IgG from breast milk to piglets to provide immune protection. Previous studies have shown that viral infection affects FcRn expression. In this study, we showed for the first time, to our knowledge, that FcRn expression can be influenced by methyltransferases. In addition, we found that PEDV inhibited FcRn protein synthesis in porcine small intestinal epithelial cells postinfection. Then, we found that PEDV interfered with the transcription of genes through aberrant methylation modification of the FcRn promoter. DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b) has been implicated in this process. Using a series of PEDV structural and nonstructural protein (nsp) expression plasmids, we showed that nsp13 plays an important role in this aberrant methylation modification. PEDV nsp13 can affect the NF-κB canonical pathway and promote DNMT3b protein expression by facilitating p65 protein binding to chromatin. PEDV caused aberrant methylation of the FcRn promoter via DNMT3b. The same phenomenon was found in animal experiments with large white piglets. IgG transcytosis demonstrated that PEDV nsp13 can inhibit bidirectional IgG transport by FcRn. In addition, the core region of nsp13 (230–597 aa) is critical for FcRn inhibition. Taken together, to our knowledge, our findings revealed a novel immune escape mechanism of PEDV and shed new light on the design and development of vaccines and drugs.
Glucose Requirement of Antigen-Specific Autoreactive B Cells and CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Abboud Georges , Choi Seung-Chul , Zhang Xiaojuan , Park Yuk Pheel , Kanda Nathalie , Zeumer-Spataro Leilani , Terrell Morgan , Teng Xiangyu , Nündel Kirsten , Shlomchik Mark J , Morel Laurence 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The activation of lymphocytes in patients with lupus and in mouse models of the disease is coupled with an increased cellular metabolism in which glucose plays a major role. The pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis with 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) reversed the expansion of follicular helper CD4+ T cells and germinal center B cells in lupus-prone mice, as well as the production of autoantibodies. The response of foreign Ags was however not affected by 2DG in these mice, suggesting that B and CD4+ T cell activation by autoantigens is uniquely sensitive to glycolysis. In this study, we tested this hypothesis with monoclonal B cells and CD4+ T cells specific for lupus-relevant autoantigens. AM14 Vκ8R (AM14) transgenic B cells are activated by IgG2a/chromatin immune complexes and they can receive cognate help from chromatin-specific 13C2 CD4+ T cells. We showed that activation of AM14 B cells by their cognate Ag PL2-3 induced glycolysis, and that the inhibition of glycolysis reduced their activation and differentiation into Ab-forming cells, in the absence or presence of T cell help. The dependency of autoreactive B cells on glycolysis is in sharp contrast with the previously reported dependency of 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl–specific B cells on fatty acid oxidation. Contrary to AM14 B cells, the activation and differentiation of 13C2 T cells into follicular helper CD4+ T cells was not altered by 2DG, which differs from polyclonal CD4+ T cells from lupus-prone mice. These results further define the role of glycolysis in the production of lupus autoantibodies and demonstrate the need to evaluate the metabolic requirements of Ag-specific B and T cells.
Leptospira interrogans Prevents Macrophage Cell Death and Pyroptotic IL-1β Release through Its Atypical Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Bonhomme Delphine , Hernandez-Trejo Veronica , Papadopoulos Stylianos , Pigache Rémi , Fanton d’Andon Martine , Outlioua Ahmed , Boneca Ivo G , Werts Catherine 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Leptospira interrogans are bacteria that can infect all vertebrates and are responsible for leptospirosis, a neglected zoonosis. Some hosts, such as humans, are susceptible to the disease, whereas mice are resistant and get chronically colonized. Although leptospires escape recognition by some immune receptors, they activate the NOD-like receptor pyrin 3–inflammasome and trigger IL-1β secretion. Classically, IL-1β secretion is associated with lytic inflammatory cell death called pyroptosis, resulting from cytosolic LPS binding to inflammatory caspases, such as caspase 11. Interestingly, we showed that L. interrogans and Leptospira biflexa do not trigger cell death in either murine, human, hamster, or bovine macrophages, escaping both pyroptosis and apoptosis. We showed, in murine cells, that the mild IL-1β secretion induced by leptospires occurred through nonlytic caspase 8–dependent gasdermin D pore formation and not through activation of caspase 11/noncanonical inflammasome. Strikingly, we demonstrated a potent antagonistic effect of pathogenic L. interrogans and their atypical LPS on spontaneous and Escherichia coli LPS-induced cell death. Indeed, LPS of L. interrogans efficiently prevents caspase 11 dimerization and subsequent massive gasdermin D cleavage. Finally, we showed that pyroptosis escape by leptospires prevents massive IL-1β release, and we consistently found no major role of IL-1R in controlling experimental leptospirosis in vivo. Overall, to our knowledge, our findings described a novel mechanism by which leptospires dampen inflammation, thus potentially contributing to their stealthiness.
Epitopes in the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Attachment Signal Peptide of Trypanosoma cruzi Mucin Proteins Generate Robust but Delayed and Nonprotective CD8+ T Cell Responses
Authors: Bunkofske Molly E , Perumal Natasha , White Brooke , Strauch Eva-Maria , Tarleton Rick 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi elicits substantial CD8+ T cell responses that disproportionately target epitopes encoded in the large trans-sialidase (TS) gene family. Within the C57BL/6 infection model, a significant proportion (30–40%) of the T. cruzi–specific CD8+ T cell response targets two immunodominant TS epitopes, TSKb18 and TSKb20. However, both TS-specific CD8+ T cell responses are dispensable for immune control, and TS-based vaccines have no demonstrable impact on parasite persistence, a determinant of disease. Besides TS, the specificity and protective capacity of CD8+ T cells that mediate immune control of T. cruzi infection are unknown. With the goal of identifying alternative CD8+ T cell targets, we designed and screened a representative set of genome-wide, in silico–predicted epitopes. Our screen identified a previously uncharacterized, to our knowledge, T cell epitope MUCKb25, found within mucin family proteins, the third most expanded large gene family in T. cruzi. The MUCKb25-specific response was characterized by delayed kinetics, relative to TS-specific responses, and extensive cross-reactivity with a large number of endogenous epitope variants. Similar to TS-specific responses, the MUCKb25 response was dispensable for control of the infection, and vaccination to generate MUCK-specific CD8+ T cells failed to confer protection. The lack of protection by MUCK vaccination was partly attributed to the fact that MUCKb25-specific T cells exhibit limited recognition of T. cruzi–infected host cells. Overall, these results indicate that the CD8+ T cell compartment in many T. cruzi–infected mice is occupied by cells with minimal apparent effector potential.
Comparison of energy and nutrient intakes of individuals with disabilities according to reference values: A cross-sectional study
Authors: ÇAKIR Biriz , NİŞANCI Fatma , BAYINDIR GÜMÜŞ Aylin , EKİCİ Emine Merve , ÖZENİR Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Çiler 
Published: January 2023

Aim: It was aimed to evaluate the daily intake of energy and nutrients to determine the nutritional status of individuals with disabilities.
Subjects and Method: The study was carried out under the Disability Support Program in 8 special education, practice and rehabilitation centres in the city centre of [removed for blind peer review] as a cross-sectional study. The demographic characteristics and daily energy and nutrient intake levels of individuals with disabilities were questioned. Daily energy and nutrient intake levels were compared with recommendations.
Results: It has been determined that disabled individuals in all age groups diverged negatively from the reference energy value and the rate of energy of carbohydrates was low, the rate of fat was high. Vitamin A was low in males in the 14-18 age group and high in females in the 19-30 age group. Vitamin B1 in 10-30 years old, folic acid was in ≥10 years of age were low in both genders. Calcium and magnesium were low in both genders in all age groups.
Conclusion: It has been determined that disabled people were inadequate and unbalanced, and it was thought that periodic evaluation of nutritional status will play an important role in improving their health.
Opinions of Public Health Personnel in Konya Province About The Precautions Taken During Covid-19 Pandemia Process
Authors: BATI Serap , ÇETİN İbrahim 
Published: January 2023

Aim: The COVID-19 virus, which emerged in Wuhan, China, spread all over the world and turned into a major epidemic. As in all countries, many precautions have been taken by health authorities in Turkey to reduce the spread of the epidemic. This study aims to evaluate the taken precautions from the perspective of health personnel. Subjects and Method: The population of the descriptive study was composed of public health personnel working in Konya. The sample size was calculated as 387 by random sampling method with known universe. The highest number of participants that can be reached via online questionnaire without quota distinction was targeted. The form used to collect the data was prepared by the authors with the literature review after the expert opinions were taken. The statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 22.0. Result: In the study, which was provided by the participation of 1070 public health personnel, the data were collected by online survey method. 37.2% of the participants in the study are nurses, 34.1% are physicians, 14.1% are midwives and 14.6% are members of other health professions. The health personnel think that the use of masks control the infection at 96.8% rate, hand hygiene at 96.5%, social distance rules at 97.7%, curfews at 95.8% and the use of gloves at 67.9%, and these precautions reduce the course of the epidemic.
Conclusion: The majority of the healthcare personnel find the precautions sufficient. The deactivation of precautions without adequate epidemic control is very important in terms of effective epidemic management and reducing the burden on healthcare personnel.
Multiple Document Based Lessons dan Kekekalan Pengetahuan Sejarah
Authors: Kaviza M. 
Published: January 2023

Kajian eksperimen dengan reka bentuk faktorial 3 X 3 ini bertujuan mengkaji kesan pembelajaran sejarah melalui Multiple Document Based Lessons terhadap kekekalan pengetahuan sejarah dalam kalangan murid. Seramai 102 orang murid Tingkatan Satu melalui teknik persampelan berkelompok terlibat dalam kajian ini. Instrumen kajian ini merupakan ujian pencapaian pengetahuan sejarah yang telah dibina oleh pengkaji yang telah disahkan oleh pakar-pakar penilai serta mempunyai nilai kebolehpercayaan yang baik. Data kuantitatif dalam kajian ini telah dianalisis secara statistic deskriptif dan statistic inferensi iaitu melalui ujian SPANOVA dengan menggunakan perisian IBM SPSS versi 24. Dapatan kajian ini telah menunjukkan bahawa pembelajaran sejarah melalui Multiple Document based Lessons adalah lebih berkesan berbanding dengan Document based Lessons dan kaedah pengajaran konvensional terhadap kekekalan pengetahuan sejarah dalam kalangan murid. Implikasi kajian ini telah menyediakan sumber maklumat kepada para guru sejarah bahawa pembelajaran sejarah melalui Multiple Document Based Lessons telah dibuktikan adalah lebih berpotensi dilaksanakan dalam pendidikan Sejarah selaras dengan inovasi dalam kaedah pengajaran sejarah sedia ada.
The Role of Revenue Authorities in International Trade Facilitation in East African Community
Authors: Moses Mugwe 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The study examines the role of revenue authorities in facilitating international trade in the East African Community. It specifically seeks to establish the degree of integration of revenue authorities in member countries of the East African Community; to assess the individual role played by revenue authorities in member countries of the East African Community to facilitate trade; and to examine the collective role played by revenue authorities in member countries of the East African Community to facilitate trade.
Approach/Methodology/Design: A qualitative approach with a special focus on explanatory design was used to collect and analyze study data. The primary evidence and reports available are used to establish the role played by revenue authorities in trade facilitation. Seven (7) key informants from Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania were interviewed. The responses obtained were analyzed thematically.

Findings: From these findings, it is determined that there are major steps and strategies taken by revenue authorities in the East African community to facilitate international trade. One of these steps was the introduction of a single bond for member countries, whereby traders are allowed to have a single bond for their imported goods for all countries through which their goods pass. Revenue authorities are also implementing integrated customs programs such as regional electronic cargo tracking systems (RECTS) and customs interconnection as a means of increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of customs administration. Through the authorities, a Single Customs Area (SCT) was implemented thereby streamlining the movement of goods throughout the East African Community. The authorities have also introduced a trading information portal, a platform intended to utilize trade information among traders in member countries.

Originality/value: To improve trade facilitation in the region, revenue authorities need to advance their cooperation, thereby streamlining the implementation of key trade facilitation policies. Embracing a more integrated system will be critical for authorities to work closely together, reducing process duplication and improving the flow of operations across member countries to facilitate international trade.
An Analysis of Operating Performance of Selected Paper Companies in India
Authors: Dadhaniya Abhisha , N. Ransariya Dr. Shailesh 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The aim of this research work is to analyze and compare profitability performance of selected paper companies in India.

Approach/Methodology/Design: An analytical study method is employed in this research work by relying on secondary data. In this research work 12 paper companies are selected as a sample based on their higher net sales and the study period are last10 financial years from 2012-13 to 2021-22. Ratio Analysis is used as an accounting tool in which six profitability ratios are employed. One-way ANOVA technique of parametric test is used as a statistical tool to identify the difference among sample means.
Findings: The major finding of the research work indicates that in all the selected paper companies the profitability performance of shows fluctuating trend during the study period of 10 years. The overall performance was good and satisfactory in Satia Industries Ltd., JK paper Ltd., Seshasayee Paper and Board Ltd. and NR Agarwal Industries Ltd. and it was low and dissatisfactory in Orient Paper & Industries Ltd. and Astron Paper & Board Mill Ltd. for all the selected profitability ratio during the study period. The results of statistical test revealed that in gross profit ratio, operating profit ratio and return on assets ratio formulated null hypotheses are rejected and in net profit ratio, return on net worth ratio and return on capital employed ratio formulated null hypotheses are accepted.

Originality/value: In this research work profitability analysis is carried out which is helpful to know the profitability performance of selected paper companies. The result would help investors to make right choice of investment in selected companies. It would also identify that how efficiently a business can generates profit and value for its shareholders from its sales or operations, shareholders' fund or balance sheet’s assets.
Uveitis in spondyloarthropathies
Authors: Khan Hashim Ali , Khan Qaim Ali , Shahzad Muhammad Aamir 
Published: January 2023

Background: Uveitis is associated with several systemic disorders. It may be the initial presentation or manifestation of a systemic disease. It is the most common ocular complication and is sometimes the earliest manifestation of spondyloarthropathies. This study aimed to review the current literature on spondyloarthropathies and associated uveitis.
Methods: A narrative review was performed using various combinations of the keywords spondyloarthropathies, seronegative spondylarthritis-related uveitis, and human leukocyte antigen-associated uveitis using PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar from January 1, 2000, to September 30, 2022. We describe the disease mechanisms, genetics, and classification of spondyloarthropathies, the clinical patterns of their related ocular diseases, and the current modalities for the management of their ocular or systemic manifestations.
Results: Seronegative spondyloarthropathies are a group of rheumatic disorders including ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease-related spondyloarthropathy, juvenile-onset spondyloarthritis, and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis. These are characterized by enthesitis in the absence of serum rheumatoid factor and have a strong association with human leukocyte antigen B27. The clinical courses and features of spondyloarthropathies are remarkably diverse. Ocular inflammation is common in spondyloarthropathies, often precedes the onset or diagnosis of systemic disease, and responds well to topical therapy. Timely diagnosis of systemic diseases may improve quality of life and help avoid ocular and skeletal complications. Recurrence of ocular inflammation is frequent; on occasion, it may be associated with etanercept administration.
Conclusions: Eye care professionals should be able to recognize spondyloarthropathies, manage ocular disease, and collaborate with related specialties for modification of systemic treatment if associated with ocular complications. Timely referral and early management could attenuate or prevent ocular or systemic morbidities associated with spondyloarthropathies.
Application of assessment of heart rate variability and heart rate turbulence to identify hypertensive patients with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events
Authors: Aleynikova T. V. , Kozlovsky V. I. 
Published: January 2023

Objective. To develop a method for isolating a group of patients with arterial hypertension of the II degree with an increased risk of the total number of myocardial infarctions, strokes, lethal outcomes from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the next 1-3 years, taking into account the assessment of heart rate variability and heart rate turbulence parameters.Materials and methods. In the course of a prospective clinical study 214 patients with arterial hypertension (AH) of the II degree aged 35 to 70 (57,7±7,6) years and 26 practically healthy individuals aged 30-60 (51,7±7,7) years were examined. All were given a comprehensive examination, including Holter monitoring (HM), electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography (EchoCG). Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the “Statistica 10.0” software.Results. The total number of myocardial infarctions, strokes, and lethal outcomes registered in patients with arterial hypertension of the II degree over a period of 2.6±1.3 years was estimated, the factors associated with their development were determined. A method has been developed to identify a group of patients with arterial hypertension of the II degree who have an increased risk of developing adverse cardiovascular events over the next 1-3 years, it has been shown that its sensitivity is 90.9%; specificity is 95.8%. Conclusion. It is shown that the use of heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate turbulence (HRT) parameters provides a significant increase in the sensitivity and specificity of the identification of a group with an increased risk of developing the total number of strokes, myocardial infarctions and lethal outcomes in the next 1-3 years.
Wound healing after the implantation of the cartilage autograft and allograft (an experimental study)
Authors: Ivanou S. A. , Zinovkin D. A. , Khorov O. G. , Pohozhay V. V. , Ivanou V. S. 
Published: January 2023

Objective. To compare the wound healing after implantation of the freshly frozen allogeneic cartilage and the autogenic cartilage in a cutaneous flap.Materials and methods. Two groups of eighteen non-breed white lab rats weighing 180-200 g of both genders were studied. Each specimen had a plastic material with the inclusion of a skin flap and cartilage graft formed. Group 1 used the animal’s own cartilage, group 2 used freshly frozen allogenic cartilage. Histological examination of the flap and graft preparations was carried out on the 7th, 14th and 21st days after the intervention.Results. Semi-quantitative evaluation of inflammation and tissue reaction after cartilage autograft and allograft implantation was carried out. A gradual decrease in the evidence of the inflammatory reaction and the formation of a fibrous capsule around the implant during the study period was registered. The comparative analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in each of the indicators.Conclusion. Implantation of an allograft from freshly frozen cartilage has no negative effect on skin flap wound healing in the experiment. Freshly frozen allogenic cartilage can be used for reconstructive interventions on a par with autologous material.