bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional difference in precipitation seasonality over China from CMIP6 projections
Authors: Hu Dan , Tian Zhiping , Lang Xianmei , Jiang Dabang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBased on historical simulations and projections under two scenarios of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5) provided by 32 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), we investigate the future precipitation seasonality changes over China by two indices, the dimensionless seasonality index (DSI) and the relative seasonality index (SI), and the associated physical mechanisms by moisture budget diagnosis. The results show that relative to the baseline period 1995–2014, the DSI is enhanced across almost all of China at the end of the 21st century, with stronger magnitudes in southeastern China and the southern Tibetan Plateau and weaker magnitudes in northwestern China, and national‐mean enhancements are 15% (7%–21%) and 23% (15%–29%) for the multimodel median (25th–75th percentile range across models) under the SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5 scenarios, respectively. Projected SI changes show large regional differences, with decreases in northern China and increase in southern China, leading to little change for the national mean. The DSI and SI changes are associated with uneven distributions of changes in absolute amounts and relative proportions of precipitation among seasons, respectively. Further analysis reveals that the contributions of different moisture budget terms to precipitation changes vary across seasons, resulting in changes in the seasonal distribution of precipitation and thus the DSI and SI changes. Specifically, the thermodynamic component of vertical moisture advection primarily determines the greater magnitude of increased precipitation in summer than in winter in most of China, resulting in the DSI change. The reduction in residual term dominates the diminished winter precipitation in southern China, leading to more precipitation concentrated in summer for given annual precipitation and thus the intensification in SI, while the opposite holds true in northern China.
High‐Dimensional Entanglement for Quantum Communication in the Frequency Domain
Authors: Cabrejo‐Ponce Meritxell , Muniz André Luiz Marques , Huber Marcus , Steinlechner Fabian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHigh‐dimensional photonic entanglement is a promising candidate for error‐protected quantum information processing with improved capacity. Encoding high‐dimensional qudits in the carrier frequency of photons combines ease of generation, universal single‐photon gates, and compatibility with fiber transmission for high‐capacity quantum communication. Recent landmark experiments have impressively demonstrated quantum interference of a few frequency modes, yet the certification of massive‐dimensional frequency entanglement has remained an open challenge. This study shows how to harness the large frequency‐entanglement inherent in standard continuous‐wave spontaneous parametric down‐conversion processes. It further reports a record certification of discretized frequency entanglement, combined with a novel approach for certification that is both highly efficient and nonlocally implementable. This technique requires very few measurements and does not require assumptions on the state. The work opens the possibility for utilizing this encoding in quantum communications and in quantum information science in general.
Topological Approach of Characterizing Optical Skyrmions and Multi‐Skyrmions
Authors: McWilliam Amy , Cisowski Claire M. , Ye Zhujun , Speirits Fiona C. , Götte Jörg B. , Barnett Stephen M. , Franke‐Arnold Sonja 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe skyrmion number of paraxial optical skyrmions can be defined solely via their polarization singularities and associated winding numbers, using a mathematical derivation that exploits Stokes's theorem. It is demonstrated that this definition provides a robust way to extract the skyrmion number from experimental data, as illustrated for a variety of optical (Néel‐type) skyrmions and bimerons and multi‐skyrmions. This method generates not only an increase in accuracy, but also provides an intuitive geometrical approach to understanding the topology of such quasi‐particles of light and their robustness against smooth transformations.
A KEY LESSON FROM FRANCES HESSELBEIN THAT TRANSFORMED MY APPROACH TO LIFE AND LEADERSHIP
Authors: Caprino Kathy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe author, an international career and leadership coach, writer, speaker, and executive trainer, recounts her interview with Frances Hesselbein that appeared in her Forbes blog “Career Bliss.” Among Hesselbein’s quotes from the interview: “A great leader does not preach about their values; they live them. In the end, it is the quality and character of a leader that determines their performance and results.” The author writes that in “13 years of interviewing hundreds of top leadership and business experts, entrepreneurial gurus, writers, artists and others,” she discovered that they “chose to embark on identifying what they value most as a human being ‐ and who they wanted to be in the world – and became the living embodiment of that, for the betterment of themselves and others.”
REFLECTION ON FRANCES HESSELBEIN
Authors: Dilenschneider Robert L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe author, who formed The Dilenschneider Group in 1991, is often referred to as the “Dean of American Public Relations Executives.” His tribute to Frances Hesselbein notes that they first met when he was a board member of the organization she co‐founded, the Drucker Foundation. “Every meeting,” he writes, “was full of her positive ideas. She always helped frame what really needed to be done and found ways to recognize and build relationships.” He concludes that “Frances Hesselbein laid a positive groundwork for what is happening in business and society today.”
LEADERSHIP ADVENTURES WITH FRANCES HESSELBEIN
Authors: Kuhl Joan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe author, a champion for girls’ leadership and advancing women working in business and sports organizations, writes about her friendship and collaboration with Frances Hesselbein, sparked initially by the author’s days in civic leadership, and student leadership at the University of Pittsburgh, and then meeting Frances afterwards in New York. “From that moment on,” the author writes, “I set regular meetings with Frances until I was asked to join her Leader to Leader Institute board – the evolution of the Peter F. Drucker Foundation for Nonprofit Management. I had a strong history of board service in organizations that served girls: Girls Hope of Pittsburgh, Step up for Women, and as a volunteer with Girls on The Run and the Girl Scouts.” She also notes that “the personal moments only surpassed those instrumental leadership moments. Frances was a part of many significant personal milestones in my life, from marriage through motherhood.”
OPENING THE DOOR TO NEW LEVELS OF LEADERSHIP
Authors: Gentil Hortense le 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe author, a global executive leadership coach, speaker, and author, writes about how she first met Frances Hesselbein as did many other leaders, through the pioneering executive coach Marshall Goldsmith. “Even though I’d been advocating for a more empathetic approach when coaching executives,” the author writes, “it was as if Frances brought into sharp focus something that had until then remained fuzzy, broadening and elevating my understanding of leadership to a spiritual level. With a few words, she had just unlocked a door in my mind.” The author’s tribute to Frances concludes: “She made everyone feel seen and heard, putting her ego aside to light a spark in others. The spark she lit in me profoundly shaped my perspective on leadership and my coaching practice. My hope is that I’m in turn unlocking doors for othersࣧdoors to becoming the best version of themselves.”
Respiratory signal estimation for cardiac perfusion SPECT using deep learning
Authors: Chen Yuan , Pretorius P. Hendrik , Lindsay Clifford , Yang Yongyi , King Michael A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory motion induces artifacts in reconstructed cardiac perfusion SPECT images. Correction for respiratory motion often relies on a respiratory signal describing the heart displacements during breathing. However, using external tracking devices to estimate respiratory signals can add cost and operational complications in a clinical setting.PurposeWe aim to develop a deep learning (DL) approach that uses only SPECT projection data for respiratory signal estimation.MethodsA modified U‐Net was implemented that takes temporally finely sampled SPECT sub‐projection data (100 ms) as input. These sub‐projections are obtained by reframing the 20‐s list‐mode data, resulting in 200 sub‐projections, at each projection angle for each SPECT camera head. The network outputs a 200‐time‐point motion signal for each projection angle, which was later aggregated over all angles to give a full respiratory signal. The target signal for DL model training was from an external stereo‐camera visual tracking system (VTS). In addition to comparing DL and VTS, we also included a data‐driven approach based on the center‐of‐mass (CoM) strategy. This CoM method estimates respiratory signals by monitoring the axial changes of CoM for counts in the heart region of the sub‐projections. We utilized 900 subjects with stress cardiac perfusion SPECT studies, with 302 subjects for testing and the remaining 598 subjects for training and validation.ResultsThe Pearson's correlation coefficient between the DL respiratory signal and the reference VTS signal was 0.90, compared to 0.70 between the CoM signal and the reference. For respiratory motion correction on SPECT images, all VTS, DL, and CoM approaches partially de‐blured the heart wall, resulting in a thinner wall thickness and increased recovered maximal image intensity within the wall, with VTS reducing blurring the most followed by the DL approach. Uptake quantification for the combined anterior and inferior segments of polar maps showed a mean absolute difference from the reference VTS of 1.7% for the DL method for patients with motion >12 mm, compared to 2.6% for the CoM method and 8.5% for no correction.ConclusionWe demonstrate the capability of a DL approach to estimate respiratory signal from SPECT projection data for cardiac perfusion imaging. Our results show that the DL based respiratory motion correction reduces artefacts and achieves similar regional quantification to that obtained using the stereo‐camera VTS signals. This may enable fully automatic data‐driven respiratory motion correction without relying on external motion tracking devices.
Graphical modeling of causal factors associated with the postoperative survival of esophageal cancer subjects
Authors: Ren Shangsi , Beeche Cameron A. , Iyer Kartik , Shi Zhiyi , Auster Quentin , Hawkins James M. , Leader Joseph K. , Dhupar Rajeev , Pu Jiantao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeTo clarify the causal relationship between factors contributing to the postoperative survival of patients with esophageal cancer.MethodsA cohort of 195 patients who underwent surgery for esophageal cancer between 2008 and 2021 was used in the study. All patients had preoperative chest computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography‐CT (PET‐CT) scans prior to receiving any treatment. From these images, high throughput and quantitative radiomic features, tumor features, and various body composition features were automatically extracted. Causal relationships among these image features, patient demographics, and other clinicopathological variables were analyzed and visualized using a novel score‐based directed graph called “Grouped Greedy Equivalence Search” (GGES) while taking prior knowledge into consideration. After supplementing and screening the causal variables, the intervention do‐calculus adjustment (IDA) scores were calculated to determine the degree of impact of each variable on survival. Based on this IDA score, a GGES prediction formula was generated. Ten‐fold cross‐validation was used to assess the performance of the models. The prediction results were evaluated using the R‐Squared Score (R2 score).ResultsThe final causal graphical model was formed by two PET‐based image variables, ten body composition variables, four pathological variables, four demographic variables, two tumor variables, and one radiological variable (Percentile 10). Intramuscular fat mass was found to have the most impact on overall survival month. Percentile 10 and overall TNM (T: tumor, N: nodes, M: metastasis) stage were identified as direct causes of overall survival (month). The GGES casual model outperformed GES in regression prediction (R2 = 0.251) (p < 0.05) and was able to avoid unreasonable causality that may contradict common sense.ConclusionThe GGES causal model can provide a reliable and straightforward representation of the intricate causal relationships among the variables that impact the postoperative survival of patients with esophageal cancer.
Effect of carbon fiber and thermoplastic resin on laminates under lightning and dielectric strength tests
Authors: Saenz Ernesto , del Rio Marcos , Venegas Pablo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe incorporation of carbon fiber (CF) and thermoplastic resin in wind turbine rotor‐blade represents a challenge for lightning events because CF conducts electricity and the behavior of thermoplastic resins is not well known. A comparative study with laminates with epoxy or thermoplastic resins was performed, using lightning and dielectric strength tests. Lightning tests revealed that resins behaved similarly; the current preferentially flowed in fiber direction and in zones with high contact between fibers (e.g., criss‐crossed fibers at panel edges); the level of through‐thickness damage was inversely related to panel thickness; current flow did not affect the tensile properties in fiber direction, but produced a drop in bending strength; the adequate integration of earth terminals in CF laminates was critical for a proper lightning discharge. In dielectric tests, it was concluded that panels with glass fiber covering CF laminates behaved as through‐thickness insulators; the thermoplastic reduced the laminate's dielectric strength, while the incorporation of CF, or laminate aging in a salt spray chamber showed no difference. Electrical resistance tests showed that the results were not dependent on the type of resin, but on the level of fiber‐to‐fiber and fiber‐to‐terminal contact. The lowest linear resistance was obtained in the longitudinal fiber direction, followed by the transverse and through‐thickness ones.
Self‐healing polymers containing nanomaterials for biomedical engineering applications: A review
Authors: Mollajavadi Mohammad Yasin , Tarigheh Fatemeh Forghan , Eslami‐Farsani Reza 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMaterials that can recover the function of lost or damaged parts, called self‐healing materials, have attracted attention due to their wide usage in different fields such as water refinery, coatings, robotics, and especially, biomedical applications. Depending on whether the self‐healing component is added to the polymer or is inherent to the polymeric matrix, the self‐healing properties of the polymeric materials can be classified into extrinsic and intrinsic self‐healing. Hydrogels are one of the most used polymers in self‐healing applications for various purposes, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, etc. Nanoparticles can endow some essential features to hydrogels, such as improving mechanical properties, more efficient healing ability, conductivity, and antibacterial and magnetic features. In the current study, various biomedical applications of self‐healing polymers using nanoparticles are discussed in detail, showing the impact of addition of nanoparticles. Perfect antibacterial properties with the addition of copper sulfide or silver nanoparticles were achieved. In addition, enhancing compression modulus up to three times and endowing conductivity to the hydrogel as the effect of carbon nanotube addition and better mechanical properties caused by graphene oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles were reported. These are just a few examples of the results achieved by adding nanoparticles to the self‐healing polymers described in this study.
Advances of SIRT4 in cancer metabolism and therapy
Authors: Yue Xiaohan , Shi Yulu , Luo Qing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Sirtuins family consists of SIRT1‐SIRT7, which belong to class III of the histone deacetylases, a family of highly conserved NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)‐dependent enzymes expressed in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. In addition to having ADP‐ribosyltransferase, NAD+‐dependent deacetylase, lipoamide, and long‐chain deacetylase activities, it can also regulate the function of substrate proteins through ADP‐ribosylation, diacylation, and long‐chain deacylation. These enzyme activities also confer many critical biological functions on SIRT4, making SIRT4 involved in many mitochondrial energy metabolic processes, such as promoting insulin secretion, participating in the glycolytic process in concert with glycolysis inhibitors, inhibiting glutamate dehydrogenase from regulating glutamine metabolism, and participating in reactions such as DNA damage. Because SIRT4 has such diverse functions, it plays a role in the metabolism and treatment of tumors. Here, we review the progress of SIRT4 research in tumor metabolism and therapy.
Genome and evolution of Prosopis alba Griseb., a drought and salinity tolerant tree legume crop for arid climates
Authors: Kong Wenqian , Liu Min , Felker Peter , Ewens Mauricio , Bessega Cecilia , Pometti Carolina , Wang Jinpeng , Xu Peng , Teng Jia , Wang Jinyu , Wang Xiyin , Jiao Yuannian , Alabady Magdy S. , Thibaud‐Nissen Françoise , Masterson Patrick , Qiao Xin , Paterson Andrew H. 
Published: July 2023

Societal Impact StatementSociety anticipates a world in which more food and fiber must be produced at warmer temperatures, which, on the contrary, have greater constraints on the use of water and fertilizers. Tree legumes are often the climax vegetation on the semi‐arid and arid lands, covering ~25% of the planet, but the knowledge of their genomes is limited. A draft genome sequence for Prosopis alba, a salt and heat tolerant tree that is able to fix nitrogen under harsh conditions, yields new clues about its adaptations. Its rich genetic and ecological diversity makes Prosopis well‐suited to the investigation of gene functions important to its own greater utilization and/or the improvement of climate resilience of other crops.Summary

In arid lands that comprise 41% of the Earth's surface and are growing, tree legumes are often the climax vegetation. Now found in much of arid America, Prosopis alba is a salt‐tolerant nitrogen‐fixing tree native to Argentina.
We present a Prosopis alba genome assembly that is 707 Mb in size, comprising of 6087 contigs of up to 2,077,851 bp in length and of ~359.3 Mb (50.8%) being repetitive elements dominated (20.3%) by long terminal repeats (LTR) retrotransposons. Among a total of 57,572 coding sequences (CDS), 42,475 are putative protein coding genes with median length of 2748 bp. The Prosopis alba genome shares the legume‐common tetraploidy (LCT) but has not reduplicated, evolving 3.5% and 23.1% faster than Phaseolus vulgaris and Glycine max, respectively, since the LCT.
The 50 most expanded gene families include many that are involved in ion homeostasis, perhaps related to drought and/or salt adaptation, together with photosynthetic genes carbonic anhydrase (CA), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and malic enzyme and gene families involved in circadian clock systems, synthesis of brassinosteroids, auxin and gibberellin. Some expanded gene families include members showing molecular signatures of positive selection, as do numerous multi‐copy orthologous groups with features associated with pathogen resistance and single‐copy orthogroups related to drought and salt stress response, root and root hair development, nodulation, heavy metal detoxification and stay‐green habit.
Coupling genomics‐based clues about possible causes of its striking physiological adaptations with rich diversity in ecological context offers means to further investigate functional roles of specific Prosopis genes/alleles.
Preparing the assimilation of the future MTG‐IRS sounder into the mesoscale numerical weather prediction AROME model
Authors: Coopmann O. , Fourrié N. , Chambon P. , Vidot J. , Brousseau P. , Martet M. , Birman C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe infrared sounder (IRS) instrument is an infrared Fourier‐transform spectrometer that will be on board the Meteosat Third Generation series of the future European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellite's geostationary satellites. It will measure the radiance emitted by the Earth at the top of the atmosphere using 1,960 channels. The IRS will provide high spatial‐ and temporal‐frequency four‐dimensional information on atmospheric temperature and humidity, winds, clouds, and surfaces, as well as on the chemical composition of the atmosphere. The assimilation of these new observations represents a great challenge and opportunity for the improvement of numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecast skill, especially for mesoscale models such as the Applications de la Recherche à l'Opérationnel à Méso‐Echelle (AROME) at Météo‐France. The objectives of this study are to prepare for the assimilation of the IRS in this system and to evaluate its impact on the forecasts when added to the currently assimilated observations. By using an observing system simulation experiment constructed for a mesoscale NWP model. This observing system simulation experiment framework makes use of synthetic observations of both IRS and the currently assimilated observing systems in AROME, constructed from a known and realistic state of the atmosphere. The latter, called the “nature run”, is derived from a long and uninterrupted forecast of the mesoscale model. These observations were assimilated and evaluated using a 1 hr update cycle three‐dimensional variational data assimilation system over 2‐month periods, one in the summer and one in the winter. This study demonstrates the benefits that can be expected from the assimilation of IRS observations into the AROME NWP system. The assimilation of only 75 channels over oceans increases the total amount of observations used in the AROME three‐dimensional variational data assimilation system by about 50%. The IRS impact in terms of forecast scores was evaluated and compared for the summer and winter periods. The main findings are as follows: (a) over both periods the assimilation of these observations leads to statistically improved forecasts over the whole atmospheric column; (b) for the summer‐season experiment, the forecast ranges up to 48 hr are improved; (c) for the winter‐season experiment, the impact on the forecasts is globally positive but is smaller than the summer period and extends only to 24 hr. Based on these results, it is foreseen that the addition of future IRS observations in the AROME NWP systems will significantly improve mesoscale weather forecasts.