bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of trailing-edge noise reduction mechanism of wind turbine with a novel trailing-edge serration
Authors: Song Boyang , Xu Li , Zhang Kaijun , Cai Jingjing 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The serration assembly installed at the trailing-edge of wind turbines can reduce the turbulent boundary-layer trailing-edge noise. This work studies the aeroacoustic response and noise reduction capability of four different trailing-edge serrations, involving a novel Multi-Flapped-Serration with Iron-Shaped Edges (MFS-Iron) presented here. These four serrations are retrofitted to S809 and NACA643418 airfoils. The Large-eddy simulation (LES) method and Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings integration (FW-H) methods are respectively employed to predict the unsteady flow field and far-field noise based on optimized structured and unstructured hybrid grids. From the numerical simulation results, we explore the trailing-edge noise reduction mechanism. The results show that the proposed MFS-Iron can effectively realize noise reduction under appropriate design parameters and optimize the aerodynamic layout. When using the MFS-Iron serration, the cross-flow intensity between the serration gap is significantly reduced, and the original two groups of symmetrical horseshoe vortex are mixed into a single vortex, which has a positive impact on the suppression of high-frequency noise. By further studying the Lamb vector divergence vortex dynamics process near the surface of serrated trailing-edge, it is found that the Lamb vector divergence is directly related to the intensity of the noise source.
Enhanced up- and down-conversion luminescence from Dy3+-Sm3+ co-doped B2O3-SrCO3-TeO2-Al2O3-MgO glass hosts: effects of CuO nanoparticles embedment
Authors: Abdullahi I , Hashim S , Ghoshal S K , Sayyed M I , Thabit H A , Yusof N N 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In the up-conversion nonlinear optical process, the absorption of lower energy photons causes the emission of photons at higher energy due to various mechanisms like sequential optical excitation, energy transfer, and nonlinear light-matter interaction processes. Improving the up- and down-conversion luminescence of different lanthanide-doped glasses via metallic nanoparticle embedment remains challenging. There has been no clear understanding of how copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONps) affect the spectroscopic properties of Dysprosium-Samarium ions (Dy3+-Sm3+)-co-doped glasses. Thus, new CuONps-infused strontium-telluro-aluminum-magnesium-borate glass samples were prepared using the standard melt-quenching technique with Dy3+-Sm3+ co-doping. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the samples' glassy nature. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) provided the orientation and size distribution of the embedded nanoparticles in the glass hosts. The downconversion luminescence emission (at 350 nm excitation) corresponds to 4F9/2 → 6H15/2, 4F9/2 → 6H13/2, and 4F9/2 → 6H11/2 transitions in Dy3+. Judd-Ofelt calculations for the CuONps embedded sample showed significant radiative properties. A branching ratio of 79.6% was attained. The upconversion luminescence emission (at 896 nm excitation) bands corresponded to 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 and 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 transitions for the Dy3+-doped glasses. In addition, an intense peak due to the 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 transition in Sm3+ was observed in the co-doped glasses. It was determined that the increased up-conversion luminescence was related to localized surface plasmon resonance, energy transfer, and local field enhancements caused by CuONps inclusion. It was confirmed that excited state absorption and energy transfer mechanisms were involved in the up-conversion luminescence. Synthesized glasses may be helpful for upconversion displays, optical data storage, and solid-state lasers.
Combined effects of total ionizing dose and electromagnetic pulse on a bipolar junction transistor
Authors: Wu W.B. , Zhou H.J. , Zhou Q.H. , Zhao Z.G. , Li G.R. , Liu Q. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) are widely used in the presence of ionizing radiation, such as in space or in the surroundings of nuclear reactors. For the application in these fields, the influence of Total Ionization Dose (TID) and Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) on BJTs should be carefully considered. In this work, for the comprehension of the combined effects of TID and EMP on BJT, a numerical model of a NPN BJT (2N2222) is developed with the semiconductor device simulation software TCAD. The simulated results indicate that the TID of gamma-rays can increase the depletion layer area of the BJT and lead to a reduction of its current gain and that a negative base voltage may in these conditions cause the breakdown of the emitter junction. Therefore, the results obtained indicate that the combined TID and EMP can lower the breakdown voltage of the BJT.
Intensive Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Elderly Patients: A Secondary Analysis of SPRINT Study Based on a 60-Year Age Cutoff
Authors: Cheema Manal F , Butt Zeeshan , Gilani Samreen , Shafiq Sidra , Cheema Shafiq , Das Manash K 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
In the original SPRINT article, age was categorized at 75 years, which was contrary to many previous clinical trials which is at 60 years.

Methods
The SPRINT trial randomized 9,361 hypertensive patients to a target blood pressure of &lt;120 vs. &lt;140 mm Hg (intensive vs. standard treatment, respectively). Age was re-categorized as &lt;60 and ≥60 years and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for outcomes and adverse events.

Results
Intensive treatment reduced primary outcome significantly in both &lt;60 and ≥60 years of age subgroups with a relative risk reduction (RRR) of 36% and 22%, respectively, and HR of 0.58 [95% CI, 0.36–0.94] and 0.78 [95% CI, 0.65–0.93], respectively. Although the intensive treatment rendered no effect on myocardial infarction (MI) in the overall comparison, it significantly reduced MI in patients &lt;60 years of age with an RRR of 58% and HR of 0.39 [95% CI, 0.17–0.91]. In the ≥60-year age subgroup, reduced heart failure incidence was noted after intensive treatment, including death from other cardiovascular causes; however, these were not observed in the &lt;60-year age subgroup. Intensive treatment resulted in significant hypotension, syncope, acute renal failure, or acute kidney injury in the ≥60-year age group; conversely, the risk of these adverse effects in patients &lt;60 years of age did not increase.

Conclusions
Intensive blood pressure control is beneficial for elderly patients (age ≥60 years), albeit with increased risk of adverse events.
Witnessing (Dis)engagement: A Framework for Examining Legitimacy in the Criminal Courts
Authors: Kirby Amy 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper examines legitimacy in the criminal courts from the perspective of witnesses, an under-researched setting and participant group. Based on interviews with witnesses and observations of court proceedings, the paper provides a framework for examining how witnesses engage with the courts, arguing that ‘engagement’ can be used as a lens through which to understand legitimacy. The findings suggest that witnesses often display weak levels of engagement with the court process, which is indicative of strain in the ongoing legitimacy ‘dialogue’ (Bottoms and Tankebe 2012) between citizens and the state. The implications of this are explored.
The influence of age and sex on the absolute cell numbers of the human brain cerebral cortex
Authors: Castro-Fonseca Emily , Morais Viviane , da Silva Camila G , Wollner Juliana , Freitas Jaqueline , Mello-Neto Arthur F , Oliveira Luiz E , de Oliveira Vilson C , Leite Renata E P , Alho Ana T , Rodriguez Roberta D , Ferretti-Rebustini Renata E L , Suemoto Claudia K , Jacob-Filho Wilson , Nitrini Ricardo , Pasqualucci Carlos A , Grinberg Lea T , Tovar-Moll Fernanda , Lent Roberto 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The human cerebral cortex is one of the most evolved regions of the brain, responsible for most higher-order neural functions. Since nerve cells (together with synapses) are the processing units underlying cortical physiology and morphology, we studied how the human neocortex is composed regarding the number of cells as a function of sex and age. We used the isotropic fractionator for cell quantification of immunocytochemically labeled nuclei from the cerebral cortex donated by 43 cognitively healthy subjects aged 25–87 years old. In addition to previously reported sexual dimorphism in the medial temporal lobe, we found more neurons in the occipital lobe of men, higher neuronal density in women’s frontal lobe, but no sex differences in the number and density of cells in the other lobes and the whole neocortex. On average, the neocortex has ~10.2 billion neurons, 34% in the frontal lobe and the remaining 66% uniformly distributed among the other 3 lobes. Along typical aging, there is a loss of non-neuronal cells in the frontal lobe and the preservation of the number of neurons in the cortex. Our study made possible to determine the different degrees of modulation that sex and age evoke on cortical cellularity.
Endocarditis of the forgotten valve: vacuum-assisted aspiration (AngioVac) of the eustachian valve: a case report
Authors: Shah Sidra R , Haq Syed H , Golzarian Hafez , Patel Sandeep M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Eustachian valve endocarditis (EVE) is a rare entity that traditionally has been treated with antibiotics or surgery, if refractory to antibiotic treatment.

Case summary
A 64-year-old man presented with right shoulder pain and new-onset hypoxia. His blood cultures were positive for methicillin-sensitive staphylococcal aureus (MSSA) 1 month ago and he was treated with antibiotics at that time. Blood cultures during this admission were again positive for MSSA. Trans-oesophageal echocardiogram showed a large independently mobile echogenic density consistent with vegetation (3.0 × 1.6 cm) on the eustachian valve (EV). The patient was a poor surgical candidate due to his multiple co-morbidities, and therefore, a non-invasive procedure called AngioVac® was selected.

Discussion
In the setting of infective endocarditis refractory to antibiotics, the large-bore percutaneous mechanical aspiration (AngioVac®, AngioDynamics, Latham, NY, USA) system is gaining increasing momentum as the treatment of choice over standard surgical intervention for debulking large vegetations. AngioVac® has provided a minimally invasive and effective measure especially in those unable to tolerate surgery. The novel percutaneous technique is linked to great success in right-sided endocarditis, with the tricuspid valve accounting for a majority of the cases. However, in rare instances, the EV may be involved. To our knowledge, we report the first case of EVE treated with AngioVac®.
Bovine pericardial versus porcine bioprosthetic mitral valves: results from a Korean Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Kim Hong Rae , Park Jino , Park Sung Jun , Kim Ho Jin , Kim Seonok , Kim Ye-Jee , Ahn Jung-Min , Kim Dae-Hee , Kim Joon Bum 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Comparisons of long-term clinical outcomes of mitral valve replacement (MVR) between bovine pericardial and porcine bioprostheses are conflicting, with limited research in large-scale real-world clinical settings. This study examined clinical outcomes in MVR according to bioprosthesis type using a national administrative claims database.

METHODS
This study included adult patients undergoing bioprosthetic MVR between 2003 and 2018 using administrative health care data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Propensity score matching with competing risk analysis was used to compare the clinical outcomes according to the type of bioprosthesis. The end points were death, cardiac death, and valve-related events, including the incidence of reoperation, endocarditis, systemic thromboembolism, and major bleeding.

RESULTS
A total of 3151 patients underwent bioprosthetic MVR with bovine pericardial (n = 1628, 51.7%) or porcine (n = 1523, 48.3%) bioprostheses. After matching, 1170 pairs were included in the final analysis. During follow-up (median 4.49 years, interquartile range 1.87 –8.75 years), death occurred in 1178 patients (6.8%/patient-year), comprising 730 (4.3%/patient-year) cardiac death. No significant differences were noted between the bovine and porcine groups in the cumulative incidences of death from any cause [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.00; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.87–1.14], cardiac mortality (aHR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.81–1.14), or reoperation (aHR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.72–1.41).

CONCLUSIONS
This study on a nationwide comparison between bovine and porcine bioprostheses in MVR found no significant differences in clinical outcomes including mortality, and valve-related reoperation.
Efficacy and safety in patients treated with a novel radiofrequency balloon: a two centres experience from the AURORA collaboration
Authors: Bordignon Stefano , My Ilaria , Tohoku Shota , Rillig Andreas , Schaack David , Chen Shaojie , Reißmann Bruno , Urbanek Lukas , Hirokami Jun , Efe Tolga , Ebrahimi Ramin , Butt Mahi , Ouyang Feifan , Chun Julian K R , Metzner Andreas , Schmidt Boris 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aims
A novel irrigated radiofrequency (RF) balloon (RFB) for pulmonary vein (PV) isolation (PVI) was released in selected centres. We pooled the procedural data on efficacy and safety of RFB-PVI from two high volume German centres.

Methods and results
Consecutive patients with RFB procedures were enrolled. A 3D electroanatomical left atrial map guided the RFB navigation. Every RF delivery lasted 60 s, and duration was automatically reduced to 20 s for electrodes facing the posterior wall. Procedural data and post-procedural endoscopy data (&lt;48 h) were analysed. Data from 140 patients were collected (57% male, 67 ± 11 years, 57% paroxysmal atrial fibrillation). There were 547 PVs identified, and 99.1% could be isolated using solely the RFB. Single-shot PVI was recorded in 330/547 (60%) PVs. Median time to isolation during the first application was 10 s (IQR 8–13). A total of 2.1 ± 1.8 applications per PV were delivered, with the left superior PV requiring more application compared to other PVs. Median procedure and fluoroscopy time were 77 min (61–99) and 13 min (10–17), respectively. Major safety events were recorded only in the first 25 cases at each centre and included 1/140(0.7%) cardiac tamponade, 1/140(0.7%) phrenic nerve palsy, and 2/140 strokes (1.4%). An oesophageal temperature rise was recorded in 81/547 (15%) PVs, and endoscopy detected oesophageal lesions in 7/85 (8%) patients undergoing endoscopy.

Conclusion
The RFB showed a high efficacy allowing for fast PVI procedures, and 60% of PVs could be isolated at the first application. Most safety events were recorded during the learning phase. An oesophageal temperature monitoring is suggested: oesophageal lesions were detected in 8% of patients.
Phenotypic selection in natural populations: what have we learned in 40 years?
Authors: Svensson Erik I 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In 1983, Russell Lande and Stevan Arnold published “The measurement of selection on correlated characters,” which became a highly influential citation classic in evolutionary biology. This paper stimulated a cottage industry of field studies of natural and sexual selection in nature and resulted in several large-scale meta-analyses, statistical developments, and method papers. The statistical tools they suggested contributed to a breakdown of the traditional dichotomy between ecological and evolutionary time scales and stimulated later developments such as “eco-evolutionary dynamics”. However, regression-based selection analyses also became criticized from philosophical, methodological, and statistical viewpoints and stimulated some still ongoing debates about causality in evolutionary biology. Here I return to this landmark paper by Lande and Arnold, analyze the controversies and debates it gave rise to and discuss the past, present, and future of selection analyses in natural populations. A remaining legacy of Lande & Arnold, 1983 is that studies of selection and inheritance can fruitfully be decoupled and be studied separately, since selection acts on phenotypes regardless of their genetic basis, and hence selection and evolutionary responses to selection are distinct processes.
Ecological and life-history drivers of avian skull evolution
Authors: Hunt Eloise S E , Felice Ryan N , Tobias Joseph A , Goswami Anjali 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOne of the most famous examples of adaptive radiation is that of the Galápagos finches, where skull morphology, particularly the beak, varies with feeding ecology. Yet increasingly studies are questioning the strength of this correlation between feeding ecology and morphology in relation to the entire neornithine radiation, suggesting that other factors also significantly affect skull evolution. Here, we broaden this debate to assess the influence of a range of ecological and life-history factors, specifically habitat density, migration, and developmental mode, in shaping avian skull evolution. Using 3D geometric morphometric data to robustly quantify skull shape for 354 extant species spanning avian diversity, we fitted flexible phylogenetic regressions and estimated evolutionary rates for each of these factors across the full data set. The results support a highly significant relationship between skull shape and both habitat density and migration, but not developmental mode. We further found heterogenous rates of evolution between different character states within habitat density, migration, and developmental mode, with rapid skull evolution in species that occupy dense habitats, are migratory, or are precocial. These patterns demonstrate that diverse factors affect the tempo and mode of avian phenotypic evolution and that skull evolution in birds is not simply a reflection of feeding ecology.
Usual source and better quality of primary care are associated with lower loneliness scores: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kaneko Makoto , Shinoda Satoru , Nakayama Izumi , Xu Juan , Yagome Susumu , Goto Atsushi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Loneliness is a global issue, and primary care physicians play an important role in assessing and intervening with loneliness. This study aimed to examine the association between having a usual source of care (USC) or a good quality of primary care, and loneliness.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Japan in 2022. A total of 6,000 residents were randomly sampled from the general population, aged 20–74 years. The outcome was the total score of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) 3-item loneliness scale. The exposure included USC and the Person-Centered Primary Care Measure (PCPCM), which assesses the quality of primary care. We conducted a linear regression analysis to adjust for age, sex, educational status, annual household income, self-rated health, living status (whether alone or not), and the existence of physical health problems.

Results
Of the 6,000 residents, 1,277 responded to the survey. The median score of the UCLA 3-item loneliness scale was 6.0 and the mean total score of the PCPCM was 2.62. Of the 1,277 individuals, 713 (55.8%) had USC. Having USC was significantly associated with lower scores on the UCLA 3-item loneliness scale; the coefficient was −0.34 (95% confidence interval (CI): −0.57 to −0.12). Also, the total PCPCM score was significantly associated with lower loneliness scores; the coefficient was −0.56 (P &lt; 0.001, 95% CI: −0.78 to −0.35).

Conclusions
Having USC and a better quality primary care were associated with a lower loneliness score. The quality of primary care could be a factor to mitigate patient loneliness.
Inclusion of Berberis vulgaris leaf in the diet of fattening lambs: effects on performance, nutrient intake, rumen fermentation, and carcass traits
Authors: Seyedin Seyed Morteza Vaghar , Ghavipanje Navid , Mojtahedi Mohsen , Farhangfar Seyyed Homayoun , Vargas-Bello-Pérez Einar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study was aimed to first, determine the nutritional value of Berberis vulgaris leaf (BVL), using in vitro gas production technique and second, determine the effect of replacing alfalfa hay (AH) with BVL in lamb diets on nutrient intake, performance, and carcass traits. In vitro rumen gas kinetics and fermentation profile were assessed using three fistulated lambs and 96 h incubation of samples. For the in vivo trial, 21 Baluchi male lambs of 5–6 mo of age and 30.6 ± 1.28 kg body weight (BW) were randomly assigned to three treatment diets containing BVL at 0% (CTRL), 7.5% (BVL7.5), and 15% (BVL15) of the total dry matter (DM) inclusion. The study lasted 84 d, which included 14 d for adaption and 70 d for sample collection. In vitro results showed that BVL had lower gas yield (GY24, P ≤ 0.05) than AH. In vivo trial revealed that DM intake increased with BVL15 followed by BVL7.5 (P ≤ 0.05). Digestibility of DM, organic matter, NDF, and acid detergent lignin decreased (P ≤ 0.05) with BVL15. Total weight gain, average daily gain, hot carcass weight, and cold carcass weight were decreased (P ≤ 0.05) with BVL15, however, no differences were observed between the BVL7.5 and CTRL groups. Feed cost per kilogram BW gain decrease (P ≤ 0.05) by increasing the inclusion levels of BVL. In conclusion, BVL (up to 7.5% DM of diet) have positive consequences on performance, nutrient intake, rumen fermentation without deleterious effects on fattening performance.