bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re-starting anticoagulation and antiplatelets after gastrointestinal bleeding: A systematic review
Authors: Slouha Ethan , Jensen Haley , Fozo Hope , Raj Rhea , Thomas Sneha , Gorantla Vasavi 
Published: July 2023

Background: Gastrointestinal bleeds (GIB) are associated with high morbidity and mortality, with upper GIB accounting for 20,000 deaths annually in the United States of America. Accurate risk stratification is essential in determining and differentiating high-risk versus low-risk patients, as low-risk patients have an overall better prognosis. Patients taking antithrombotics to reduce the risk of thromboembolic events have a 4% chance of developing a GIB. This then places physicians in a difficult position as they must perform a risk-and-benefit analysis of whether to reinstate antithrombotics after a major GIB. This systematic review aims to assess the general trends in time for resuming anticoagulation in the setting of upper GI bleed. Methods: A literary search of three different databases was performed by three independent reviewers. The research databases included PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest. Specific keywords were used to narrow the search and articles were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Our initial search generated 11,769 potential articles and 22 articles were ultimately used for this review using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. There is an increase in thrombotic events following a GIB if anticoagulants are not resumed. We also found that the best time to resume therapy was 15-30 days post-GIB. Conclusions: Therefore, the decision to resume anticoagulation therapy should consider the patients’ medical history and should fall within 15-30 days post-GIB.
Case Report: An in-depth look into apocrine carcinoma of the axilla - a rare case presentation.
Authors: Naseri Dr. Suhit , Shukla Dr. Samarth , Acharya Dr. Sourya , Vagha Dr. Sunita 
Published: July 2023

Apocrine carcinoma is an extremely rare malignant cutaneous neoplasm that usually arises in areas with a high density of apocrine glands.1 Diagnosis can be challenging as tumours share histological and immunophenotypic characteristics with them. At first evaluation, the disease is often assumed to be benign. There have been approximately 100 reports of apocrine neoplasms in the literature. A 48-year-old male presented with a right axillary mass which increased in size over a period of 2 years. The patient was reported to have had ayurvedic therapy, but his swelling remained unchanged. Axillary lymph nodes were palpable. USG axilla suggested a well-defined fungating solid isoechoic lesion. USG neck did not reveal any abnormality. The mass was surgically excised as a whole by removing the overlying skin with margins and lymph node excision. The patient was diagnosed with primary apocrine carcinoma after surgical excision. The differentials include adenocarcinoma of breast and prostate and apocrine adenoma. There are no established standards for the care of this form of carcinoma due to its rarity and the absence of clinical studies. A literature evaluation and further reporting will aid in developing diagnostic standards and the most efficient treatment options.
Artificial intelligence in orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Lisacek-Kiosoglous Anthony B. , Powling Amber S. , Fontalis Andreas , Gabr Ayman , Mazomenos Evangelos , Haddad Fares S. 
Published: July 2023

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly growing across many domains, of which the medical field is no exception. AI is an umbrella term defining the practical application of algorithms to generate useful output, without the need of human cognition. Owing to the expanding volume of patient information collected, known as ‘big data’, AI is showing promise as a useful tool in healthcare research and across all aspects of patient care pathways. Practical applications in orthopaedic surgery include: diagnostics, such as fracture recognition and tumour detection; predictive models of clinical and patient-reported outcome measures, such as calculating mortality rates and length of hospital stay; and real-time rehabilitation monitoring and surgical training. However, clinicians should remain cognizant of AI’s limitations, as the development of robust reporting and validation frameworks is of paramount importance to prevent avoidable errors and biases. The aim of this review article is to provide a comprehensive understanding of AI and its subfields, as well as to delineate its existing clinical applications in trauma and orthopaedic surgery. Furthermore, this narrative review expands upon the limitations of AI and future direction.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(7):447–454.
Physical activity and mental health experiences of people living with long term conditions during COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Ambrosio Leire , Morris Jacqui , Lambrick Danielle , Faulkner James , Compton Eric , Portillo Mari Carmen 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
Regular physical activity is a strategy that is effective in the physical management of long term conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic, led to disruption of physical activity routines for many people with long term conditions. It is important, to understand the experiences of people with long term conditions regarding physical activity during COVID-19 to enable future identification of strategies to mitigate the impact of restrictions on health.

Objective
To explore perceptions and experiences of people with long term conditions of the impact of the UK Government physical distancing restrictions on their physical activity participation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
A qualitative study, with in depth videoconference semi-structured interviews were conducted between January and April 2022, with 26 adults living with at least one long term condition in the UK. Data were managed in analytical matrices within Excel and data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis.

Results
Two main themes were developed, explaining how participants managed their physical activity during COVID19 lockdowns, and based on those experiences, what they considered should be in place should another lockdown occur:1) COVID-19 and physical activity: Losses, opportunities and adapting to new formats; and 2) Micro, meso, and macro contexts: creating the right conditions for physical activity support in future pandemics.

Conclusions
This study provides information on how people with long term conditions managed their condition during the COVID-19 pandemic and generates new understanding of how physical activity routines changed. These findings will be used to inform stakeholder engagement meetings with individuals with long term conditions and local, regional, and national policy makers, to co-produce recommendations that will help people living with long term conditions remain active during and after COVID-19 and other pandemics.
Current and future costs of cancer attributable to insufficient leisure-time physical activity in Brazil
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Ronaldo Corrêa , Malhão Thainá Alves , Rezende Leandro F. M. , da Silva Barbosa Rafael , Correa Schilithz Arthur Orlando , Moreira Luciana Grucci Maya , Nunes Machado Paula Aballo , Carvalho Fabio Fortunato Brasil de , Leão Diogenes Maria Eduarda 
Published: July 2023

Objectives
Cancer is an increasing cause of death and disability in Brazil and a pivotal vector for growing health expenditures. Lower levels of leisure-time physical activity are associated with a higher risk of some cancers. We quantified the current and future cancer direct healthcare costs attributable to insufficient leisure-time physical activity in Brazil.

Methods
We performed a macrosimulation model using: (i) relative risks from meta-analyses; (ii) prevalence data of insufficient leisure-time physical activity in adults ≥ 20 years; (iii) national registries of healthcare costs of adults ≥ 30 years with cancer. We used simple linear regression to predict cancer costs as a function of time. We calculated the potential impact fraction (PIF) considering the theoretical-minimum-risk exposure and other counterfactual scenarios of physical activity prevalence.

Results
We projected that the costs of breast, endometrial, and colorectal cancers may increase from US$ 630 million in 2018 to US$ 1.1 billion in 2030 and US$ 1.5 billion in 2040. The costs of cancer attributable to insufficient leisure-time physical activity may increase from US$ 43 million in 2018 to US$ 64 million in 2030. Increasing leisure-time physical activity could potentially save US$ 3 million to US$ 8.9 million in 2040 by reducing the prevalence of insufficient leisure-time physical activity in 2030.

Conclusion
Our results may be helpful to guide cancer prevention policies and programs in Brazil.
Exposure to self-reported traumatic events and probable PTSD in a national sample of Poles: Why does Poland’s PTSD prevalence differ from other national estimates?
Authors: Rzeszutek Marcin , Dragan Małgorzata , Lis-Turlejska Maja , Schier Katarzyna , Holas Paweł , Drabarek Katarzyna , Van Hoy Angelika , Pięta Małgorzata , Poncyliusz Cecylia , Michałowska Magdalena , Wdowczyk Gabriela , Borowska Natalia , Szumiał Szymon 
Published: July 2023

Background
There is a lack of studies on trauma exposure and PTSD prevalence in Poland on representative samples. Available data from studies on convenient samples show very high rates of probable PTSD compared with relevant estimates in other countries.

Objective
This study aimed to measure the exposure to self-report traumatic events (PTEs) and to estimate the current rate of prevalence of probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in accordance with DSM–5 criteria in a population-based sample of Poles. Additionally, the link between PTSD intensity and level of life satisfaction was investigated.

Method
A representative sample of 1,598 adult Poles was recruited. Probable PTSD was assessed with the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale for DSM–5 (PDS–5) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) was also used.

Results
The findings showed that 60.3% of Poles had experienced at least one PTE and 31.1% of those who had been exposed to trauma reported symptoms of PTSD. At the level of the entire sample, the obtained rate for probable PTSD was 18.8%. The traumatic events with the highest probabilities of PTSD symptoms were child abuse and sexual assault. Levels of life satisfaction were significantly lower in the group of participants with probable PTSD.

Conclusions
We found that the current prevalence of probable PTSD in Poland is intriguingly high relative to rates reported in comparable representative samples from other countries across the world. Possible mechanisms are discussed, including a lack of social acknowledgement of WWII and other traumas as well as poor access to trauma-focused care. We hope that this research may inspire more studies investigating cross-national differences in PTSD and trauma exposure.
Lactated Ringers Use in the First 24 Hours of Hospitalization Is Associated With Improved Outcomes in 999 Patients With Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Lee Peter J. , Culp Stacey , Kamal Ayesha , Paragomi Pedram , Pothoulakis Ioannis , Talukdar Rupjyoti , Kochhar Rakesh , Goenka Mahesh Kumar , Gulla Aiste , Gonzales Jose , Stevens Tyler , Barbu Sorin , Nawaz Haq , Gutierrez Silvia , Zarnescu Narcis , Capurso Gabriele , Easler Jeff , Triantafyllou Konstantinos , Ocampo Carlos , de-Madaria Enrique , Wu Bechien , Hart Phil A. , Akshintala Venkata S. , Singh Vikesh K. , Bischof Jason , Buxbaum James , Pelaez Mario , Papachristou Georgios I. 
Published: July 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Recent pilot trials in acute pancreatitis (AP) found that lactated ringers (LR) usage may result in decreased risk of moderately severe/severe AP compared with normal saline, but their small sample sizes limit statistical power. We investigated whether LR usage is associated with improved outcomes in AP in an international multicenter prospective study.

METHODS:
Patients directly admitted with the diagnosis of AP were prospectively enrolled at 22 international sites between 2015 and 2018. Demographics, fluid administration, and AP severity data were collected in a standardized prospective manner to examine the association between LR and AP severity outcomes. Mixed-effects logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the direction and magnitude of the relationship between the type of fluid administered during the first 24 hours and the development of moderately severe/severe AP.

RESULTS:
Data from 999 patients were analyzed (mean age 51 years, female 52%, moderately severe/severe AP 24%). Usage of LR during the first 24 hours was associated with reduced odds of moderately severe/severe AP (adjusted odds ratio 0.52; P = 0.014) compared with normal saline after adjusting for region of enrollment, etiology, body mass index, and fluid volume and accounting for the variation across centers. Similar results were observed in sensitivity analyses eliminating the effects of admission organ failure, etiology, and excessive total fluid volume.

DISCUSSION:
LR administration in the first 24 hours of hospitalization was associated with improved AP severity. A large-scale randomized clinical trial is needed to confirm these findings.
A Rare Red Herring: Intrahepatic Splenosis Masquerading as Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Bilello Justin , Kulak Ozlem , Selvarajan Santosh , Tholey Danielle , Civan Jesse 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Splenosis is defined as viable splenic tissue that is autotransplanted into other compartments in the body. Intrahepatic splenosis is a rare diagnosis that can be difficult for clinicians to identify. The most common causes of splenosis include abdominal trauma and splenectomy. While most patients with intrahepatic splenosis are asymptomatic, in the presence of risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma, it is paramount to rule out malignancy. In this report, we present a patient with imaging findings concerning for hepatocellular carcinoma, ultimately diagnosed with percutaneous biopsy and technetium-99m-tagged heat-damaged red blood cell scintigraphy-proven intrahepatic splenosis.
Analisis Perspektif Maqashid Syari’ah pada Permohonan Penetapan Nomor 30/Pdt.P/2022/Pa.Yk Tentang Perwalian Anak Terhadap Hilangnya Kekuasaan Orang Tua
Authors: Rahmawati Iskarima 
Published: July 2023

This article discusses the application for the determination of child guardianship Number 30/Pdt.P/2022/PA.YK against the loss of parental authority in the perspective of maqashid syari'ah, both parents who have passed away, but still have minor children left behind. The purpose of this study is to understand, know, and find the results of the research that has been done, that child custody through existing court decisions, guardianship and child custody if the parental guardianship power over the child has been lost because the parent dies, but still has minors. This article uses a type of field research, a normative-juridical research approach, and is descriptive-analytic in nature. The results of this study explain that the determination and appointment of guardians for minors takes into account the procedures and requirements for appointing guardians, the Marriage Law Articles 50, 51 and 53 and the Compilation of Islamic Law Articles 107 and 109. In addition, PP No. 29 of 2019 concerning Requirements and Procedures for Appointing Guardians and Law No. 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection, are also taken into consideration in making guardians for minors. The court's decision based on the Maqasid Syari'ah Theory is not in accordance with the objectives of the legal theory, does not fulfill its main elements, which include Life Care, Offspring Care, and Property Care which are in accordance with the context of this Petition for Guardianship.Artikel ini membahas tentang permohonan penetapan perwalian anak Nomor 30/Pdt.P/2022/PA.YK terhadap hilangnya kekuasaan orang tua dalam perspektif maqashid syari’ah, kedua orang tua yang telah meninggal dunia, tetapi masih memiliki anak di bawah umur yang ditinggalkan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memahami, mengetahui, dan menemukan hasil dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan, bahwa perwalian anak melalui putusan pengadilan yang telah ada, perwalian dan hak asuh anak apabila kekuasaan perwalian orang tua terhadap anak telah hilang karena orang tua meninggal dunia, tetapi masih memiliki anak di bawah umur. Artikel ini menggunakan jenis penelitian lapangan, pendekatan penelitian normatif-yuridis, dan bersifat deskriptif-analitik. Hasil dari penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa penetapan dan penunjukan wali untuk anak di bawah umur ini dengan memperhatikan tata cara dan syarat penunjukan wali, Undang-undang Perkawinan Pasal 50, 51, dan 53 dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam Pasal 107 dan 109. Selain itu, PP No 29 Tahun 2019 tentang Syarat dan Tata Cara Penunjukan Wali dan UU No 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Anak, juga dijadikan pertimbangan dalam menjadikan wali untuk anak di bawah umur. Penetapan pengadilan berdasarkan pada Teori Maqasid Syari’ah belum sesuai dengan tujuan teori hukumnya, tidak memenuhi pada unsur pokoknya, yang meliputi pada Pemeliharaan Jiwa, Pemeliharaan Keturunan, dan Pemeliharaan Harta yang sesuai dengan konteks Permohonan Perwalian ini.
Metode Reformasi Hukum Keluarga Islam di Dunia Muslim Perspektif Khoiruddin Nasution
Authors: Laili Nur Fauziyah , Bazikh Moh. Rofqil 
Published: July 2023

The dynamics of the times always have a significant impact on Islamic family law. This necessitates a transformation from conventional fiqh to contemporary regulations. This is triggered by the fact that conventional fiqh does not have the option to provide answers to problems that arise. In solving the problems that arise in contemporary family law discourse, it is necessary to reform in the methodological aspect. This article attempts to further elaborate methods of family law reform in various Islamic countries. This article uses a descriptive-qualitative method based on library research and a historical approach. The results of this study are family law reform methods by experts used by Muslim countries in the world, including: takhayyur, talfiq, takhsis al-qada’, siyasah syar’iyah, reinterpretation of texts and alternative methods in the form of thematic-holistic methods. In general, these are grouped into two, namely intra-doctrinal reform and extra-doctrinal reform as well as the application of methods and the relevance of family law reform methods that occur in Muslim countries. Dinamika zaman senantiasa memberikan dampak perubahan yang signifikan terhadap hukum keluarga Islam. Hal tersebut meniscayakan transformasi dari fikih konvensional ke peraturan kontemporer. Transformasi tersebut dipicu oleh kenyataan bahwa fikih konvensional tidak memiliki pilihan untuk memberikan jawaban atas masalah yang muncul. Dalam menyelesaikan persoalan yang muncul dalam diskursus hukum keluarga kontemporer diperlukan adanya reformasi pada aspek metodologi. Artikel ini berupaya untuk mengelaborasi lebih lanjut metode reformasi hukum keluarga di berbagai negara Islam. Artikel ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-kualitatif dengan dengan pijakan studi kepustakaan (library reserach) dan pendekatan sejarah. Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah metode reformasi hukum keluarga oleh para ahli yang digunakan oleh negara-negara muslim di dunia, diantaranya: takhayyur, talfiq, takhsis al-qada’, siyasah syar’iyah, reinterpretasi nash serta metode alternatif berupa metode tematik-holistik. Secara umum hal tersebut dikelompokkan menjadi dua, yaitu intra-doctrinal reform dan extra-doctrinal reform serta penerapan metode dan relevansi metode reformasi hukum keluarga yang terjadi di negara-negara muslim.
Auswirkungen des Europäischen Binnenmarktes auf die regionale Finanzstruktur
Authors: Zimmermann Horst , Müller Walter 
Published: July 2023

Um die Auswirkungen von bedeutenden gesamtwirtschaftlichen Prozessen wie z. B. dem Europäischen Binnenmarkt auf das gegebene Kräfteverhältnis in der finanziellen Ausstattung von Gebietskörperschaften einer Ebene zu beurteilen, wird eine Methode entwickelt, mit deren Hilfe eine grobe Schätzung der steuerlichen „Ergiebigkeit“ von einzelnen Wirtschaftszweigen möglich ist. Durch die Feststellung des branchenspezifischen Steueraufkommens ist auch die regionale Zuordnung von branchenstrukturbedingten Änderungen der regionalen Steuereinnahmen möglich. Eine auf dieser Methode basierende Untersuchung der Auswirkungen des Binnenmarktes bis zum Jahr 2000 kommt zu dem Ergebnis, daß mit einer unerwünschten regionalen Verteilungswirkung zu rechnen ist. Das Ausmaß, in dem die relativ finanzschwachen Gebietskörperschaften benachteiligt werden, ist zwar im Durchschnitt nicht so groß, daß dringender finanzpolitischer Handlungsbedarf besteht, aber für ein verstärktes, eventuell sogar präventives regionalpolitisches Engagement kann die Berücksichtigung der Binnenmarkteffekte eine sinnvolle Orientierung geben.
Improvement in soccer goalkeepers’ spatial anticipation during penalty kicks as a result of PETTLEP imagery intervention
Authors: Amini Farsani Mehdi , Shahbazi Mehdi , Tahmasebi Boroujeni Shahzad 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This examined the effect of PETTLEP imagery on the spatial anticipation of novice soccer goalkeepers during penalty kicks.

Methods
Twenty-four adolescent male goalkeepers (Meanage: 14.14 ± 1.10) were selected and divided randomly into two groups. In the pretest, the goalkeepers responded to 12 video stimuli to evaluate spatial anticipation. The goalkeepers in the experimental group listened to the audio file of the PETTLEP imagery for 6 sessions where the control group was engaged in goalkeeper training only.

Results
Results showed the group under PETTLEP imagery intervention had a significant difference from the control group in post-test (p=0.004).

Conclusions
6 sessions PETTLEP Imagery intervention has improved anticipation of novice goalkeepers during penalty kicks.
Observation of ultra-large Rabi splitting in the plasmon-exciton polaritons at room temperature
Authors: Zhang Min , Tian Yuan , Chen Xingzhou , Sun Zheng , Zhu Xiaolong , Wu Jian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Modifying the light–matter interactions in the plasmonic structures and the two-dimensional (2D) materials not only advances the deeper understanding of the fundamental studies of many-body physics but also provides the opportunities for exploration of novel 2D plasmonic polaritonic devices. Here, we report the plasmon-exciton coupling in the hybrid system with a plasmonic metasurface which can confine the electric field in an extremely compact mode volume. Because of the 2D feature of the designed and fabricated Al plasmonic metasurface, the confined electronic field is distributed in the plane with the same orientation as that of the exciton dipole moment in the transition metal dichalcogenides monolayers. By finely tuning the geometric size of the plasmonic nanostructures, we can significantly modify the dispersion relation of the coupled plasmon and the exciton. Our system shows a strong coupling behavior with an achieved Rabi splitting up to ∼200 meV at room temperature, in ambient conditions. The effective tailoring of the plasmon-exciton coupling with the plasmonic metasurfaces provides the testing platform for studying the quantum electromagnetics at the subwavelength scale as well as exploring plasmonic polariton Bose–Einstein condensation at room temperature.