bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the Corporate Lifecycle Affect Board Structure? International Evidence
Authors: Nizar Hamza , Uyar Ali , Lakhal Faten , Karaman Abdullah S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTResearch Question/IssueThis paper examines the impact of corporate lifecycle on board structure offering insights into how firms evolve and adapt their governance practices over time and across different institutional environments.Research Findings/InsightsBased on a sample of 23,530 firm‐year observations from 51 countries over the period 2013–2021, we find that corporate lifecycle has a positive effect on board gender diversity and board tenure. This positive effect is more pronounced in firms operating in countries with stronger investor protection and in firms facing higher external market discipline. However, the corporate lifecycle has a negative effect on the proportion of board members with financial or industry expertise. This negative relationship turns positive when investor protection strengthens, and market pressure intensifies. The results also show that gender quota adoption positively influences the association between corporate lifecycle and board gender diversity.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThe findings support lifecycle and legitimacy theory perspectives suggesting that organizations face different challenges and legitimacy pressures at various phases of their lifecycle. To overcome those challenges, companies are likely to adjust their internal governance structures accordingly. The results also provide support for regulations on gender quotas in the boardroom.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOur results suggest that in the early stages, a company considers appointing financial or industry skilled directors who offer essential knowledge for corporate growth and success. As the company matures, the focus shifts toward bolstering corporate legitimacy and gaining social acceptance. This transition indicates a shift toward holistic governance, where the company prioritizes the representation of stakeholders' interests, both in substantive and symbolic ways.
Self‐Reported Cognitive Bias in Psychosis: Further Validation of the Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for Psychosis (CBQ‐P) and the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases (DACOBS) in a Large Iranian Clinical and Non‐Clinical Sample
Authors: Aminaee Mohammad , Khosravani Vahid , Samimi Ardestani Seyed Mehdi , Fayyazi Bordbar Mohammad Reza , van der Gaag Mark , Berk Michael 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveVarious factor structures have been suggested for the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases (DACOBS) and the Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for Psychosis (CBQ‐P), assessing cognitive bias, necessitating additional validation in diverse languages to enhance the validity of the scales.MethodPersian versions of these scales were validated within an Iranian cohort comprising 1719 individuals: patients with schizophrenia (n = 334) and major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 346) and a non‐clinical group (n = 1039). The participants completed both self‐report and clinician‐administered assessments.ResultsThe 18‐item DACOBS version, comprising four factors, and the single‐factor structure of the CBQ‐P exhibited the optimal model fit, with confirmed reliability. Both scales showed significant correlations with constructs such as paranoid ideation, social cognition, schizotypal personality and positive symptoms. Additionally, the scales differentiated patients with schizophrenia and individuals at high risk for psychosis from those at low risk or patients with MDD. The CBQ‐P and certain subscales of the DACOBS predicted susceptibility to psychosis, positive symptoms and psychosis‐related manifestations.ConclusionsThe research highlights the validity and reliability of the Persian adaptations of the 18‐item DACOBS and the CBQ‐P for evaluating cognitive bias in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and for identifying individuals at an elevated risk for psychosis.
A Novel Physical Neural Network Based on Transformer Framework for Multiaxial Fatigue Life Prediction
Authors: Pan Rui , Gao Jianxiong , Yuan Yiping , Zhou Jianxing , Meng Lingchao , Ding Haoyang , Kong Weiyi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe stability of prediction precision under complex loading paths is one of the key challenges in the task of multiaxial fatigue life prediction. This study addresses the challenges of unstable prediction precision in machine learning models, while further improving the precision of multiaxial fatigue life prediction. A novel neural network based on a transformer framework is proposed to capture dependencies between data at multiple scales. Meanwhile, physical loss function with soft adjustments is proposed to add physical constraints to the proposed neural network. These two mechanisms assist each other in improving the accuracy and stability of fatigue life prediction. Performance validation was conducted using fatigue data from nine distinct materials. Comparative analysis was performed against six existing models to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed physical neural network. Experimental evidence supports the high predictive accuracy of the proposed physical neural network, which also demonstrates robust stability across diverse conditions.
The Effect of Spiritual Well‐Being on Hope Among Hemodialysis Patients: A Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Zhou Xu‐Hua , Chen Lin , Zhang Ying‐Jun , He Li , Liu Li , Shi Mei , You Rui 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionSpiritual well‐being was a critical component of quality of life for hemodialysis patients. However, existing research primarily concentrates on the overall level of spiritual well‐being and associated factors, often neglecting the heterogeneity within the hemodialysis patients regarding their patterns of spiritual well‐being. In addition, the effect of spiritual well‐being on hope levels in hemodialysis patients remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the latent profiles of spiritual well‐being among hemodialysis patients and to explore their effect on hope.MethodsA convenience sampling method was employed between July 2023 and March 2024 to recruit hemodialysis patients from three teaching hospitals in Sichuan Province as study participants. All participants complied with a demographic questionnaire, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Spiritual Well‐Being, and the Herth Hope Index. A latent profile analysis was adopted to identify the latent profiles of spiritual well‐being among hemodialysis patients, and hierarchical linear regression was conducted to examine their role in hope.FindingsTwo latent profiles of spiritual well‐being were identified based on the participants' responses, designated as “Spiritual burnout group”(n = 246, 74.4%) and “Spiritual fulfillment group” (n = 51, 25.6%). Different latent profiles of spiritual well‐being among hemodialysis patients have a significant positive effect on the level of hope (ΔR2 = 0.224, p < 0.001).DiscussionThe spiritual well‐being of hemodialysis patients was identified as suboptimal and demonstrated a significant positive association with their level of hope. Healthcare providers could identify the different profiles of spiritual well‐being in HD patients and deliver targeted interventions to guide them to positively live in harmony with themselves, others, and the environment to improve their level of hope.
High Cost of Scientific Ignorance: A Conceptual Foundation for Scientific Literacy in the Courts
Authors: Mason Sharon , Lorandos Demosthenes 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the failure of Daubert, using analysis from case law, legal scholarship, social psychology, and the philosophy of science to map out the scope of the problem. Next, it provides a diagnostic situated within recent work in social epistemology that highlights structural challenges in the contemporary epistemic landscape. Although the problem of the misuse of science in the courtroom has many different dimensions, one underexplored facet is the courtroom as an instance of broader structural problems in the management of authority, ignorance, and expertise. Building on this analysis, the authors identify five key scientific concepts: (1) the source of scientific authority is derived from consensus within a critical community; (2) falsification, rather than confirmation, is a primary methodological commitment; (3) uncertainty and ignorance in scientific inquiry can managed, but not eliminated; (4) there is a difference between performative, disingenuous pseudoskepticism and a skeptical, critical perspective; and (5) one should be able to recognize genuine scientific expertise and should defer to that expertise. These five foundational ideas provide a conceptual footing for scientific literacy within courtrooms and a basis for educating legal professionals.
Personality Assessment in Groups of Different Verbal Intelligence Levels
Authors: Lozić Martina , Bratko Denis , Vukasović Hlupić Tena 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe differentiation of personality by intelligence hypothesis, which has mixed support in the literature, predicts that personality is more variable for more intelligent individuals. This study aimed to test that hypothesis by comparing variances, reliability coefficients, and inter‐scale correlations of personality as assessed by self‐reports between groups of participants with different intelligence scores. We used two independent datasets (N1 = 655; N2 = 836; Ntotal = 1491) in which the same vocabulary test was used as a measure of verbal intelligence, but personality was measured as self‐report by different inventories (NEO‐FFI and HEXACO‐100). As the verbal ability scores had a normal distribution, the combined mean was calculated, and empirical groups were generated within each sample to compare groups of participants who indicated a low‐ability group (G1) and the high‐ability group (G3). Results mostly support the differentiation hypothesis in the NEO‐FFI dataset, where participants in G3 have higher variances and reliability coefficients than participants in G1, but do not show lower inter‐scale correlation coefficients. However, the same trend was not found in the second sample where personality was assessed by the HEXACO inventory. In conclusion, the results of this study provide only partial support for the personality differentiation by intelligence hypothesis.
Suspected Calvarial Hyperostosis Syndrome Causing Different Ophthalmological Signs in Two Young Labrador Retrievers—Case Report
Authors: Steinmetz Andrea , Kohl Stefan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo describe calvarial hyperostosis syndrome (CHS) as a potential and unusual cause of exophthalmos or epiphora in young dogs.Animals StudiedA nine‐month‐old female intact (case 1) and a two‐year‐old male intact Labrador Retriever (case 2).ProceduresPatient history, including previous treatments, was documented. Both cases underwent physical and ophthalmological examinations, computed Tomography (CT), and histopathological analysis. Additional dacryocystorhinography (DCR) was performed in case 2.ResultsLateral exophthalmos of the left eye was the primary clinical sign in case 1. In case 2, serous lacrimal discharge was observed without other signs of ocular irritation. A slightly thickened and firm area distal to the medial canthus of the right eye was also noted. In this case, Jones 1 test on the right side was negative, whereas Jones test 2 revealed increased resistance when flushing the nasolacrimal system. CT imaging in both cases identified solid, smoothly marginated new bone formation. In case 1, this involved the left frontal bone, occipital bone, parietal bone, and temporal bone. In case 2, the new bone formation affected the right lacrimal bone and frontal process of the maxillary bone, leading to encasement and narrowing of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD). Histopathological analysis revealed active bone remodeling with osteoblasts in case 1, while case 2 demonstrated regularly differentiated trabecular lamellar bone with intertrabecular spaces. No evidence of neoplasia or osteomyelitis was observed in either case. Taken together, these findings strongly support a diagnosis of CHS in both cases.ConclusionsCHS involving flat bones can present as exophthalmos or epiphora and should be considered in the differential diagnoses of these conditions, particularly in young dogs.
Statistical shape modeling and prediction of lumbar spine morphology in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Zhang Tianyi , Gu Xuelian , Li Hai , Wu Chenchen , Zhao Niuniu , Peng Xin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A lumbar spine statistical shape model (SSM) was developed to explain morphological differences in a population with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Computed tomography (CT) was used to collect data on the lumbar spine vertebrae and curvature of 49 subjects. The CT data were processed by segmentation, landmark identification, and template mesh mapping, then SSMs of the individual vertebrae and entire lumbar spine were established using generalized Procrustes analysis and principal component analysis. Scaling was the most prevalent variation pattern. The weight coefficient was optimized using the Levenberg?Marquardt algorithm, and multiple regression analysis was used to establish a prediction model for age, sex, height, and body mass index (BMI). The effectiveness of the SSM and prediction model was quantified based on the root-mean-square error. An automatic measurement method was developed to measure the anatomical parameters of the geometric model. The lumbar vertebrae size was significantly affected by height, sex, BMI, and age, with men having lower vertebral height than women. The trends in anatomical parameters were consistent with previous studies. The vertebral SSMs characterized the shape changes in the processes, while the lumbar spine SSM described alignment changes associated with translatory shifts, kyphosis, and scoliosis. Quantifying anatomical variation with SSMs can inform implant design and assist clinicians in diagnosing pathology and screening patients. Lumbar spine SSMs can also support biomechanical simulations of populations with AIS.
Location-Dependent Biomechanical Characterization of the Human Achilles Tendon in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients
Authors: Pekedis Mahmut , Ozan Firat , Melez Muhammed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Although diabetes is associated with alterations in the structural and functional properties of soft tissue, the response of the human Achilles tendon to location-dependent variations in both quasi-static and dynamic loading is unclear. This study aimed to characterize the elastic, viscoelastic, hysteresis, and failure properties of the distal, midsubstance, and proximal Achilles tendons in diabetic and non-diabetic patients and to investigate the relationship between biomechanical and clinical observations. Tendons were obtained from patients who underwent above- or below-knee amputation. Dumbbell-shaped specimens were harvested from the three sites. Relaxation tests were performed to determine viscoelastic characteristics. Cyclic loading tests at various frequencies were deployed to determine the dynamic modulus and phase angles. Incremental cyclic loading tests were carried out to investigate the backbone curve and energy dissipation due to hysteresis. Additionally, monotonic loading tests were performed to determine the elastic and failure properties. The results show that biomechanical parameters are not significantly different among the three sites. However, the midsubstance site exhibits significantly higher energy dissipation compared to other sites. Additionally, an increase in cyclic frequency enhances the phase angle, indicating that higher energy dissipation may protect the tendon from high loading rates. Furthermore, an increase in body mass index (BMI) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is significantly and negatively correlated with stiffness and viscoelasticity, suggesting that improving metabolic health may prevent tendon impairment. These findings may assist in creating more effective therapeutic strategies for tendon repair.
Ultrasound Attenuation, Liver Texture Index, and HepatoRenal Index: Assessing Reproducibility and Inter-operator Consistency in Clinical Practice
Authors: Liu Fan , Zeng Haiyan , Yuan Xingxing , Du Lingyue , Wu Xiaoting , Han Xue , Chen Zaiqiang , Yang Shuai Yang , Zheng Jian 
Published: February 2025

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of Ultrasound Attenuation (USAT), the Liver Texture Index (LTI) and the HepatoRenal Index (HRI).Material and methods: Between May 2023 to December 2023, 279 patients who underwent USAT, LTI and HRI tests at the Ultrasound Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen were included. All patients were examined by a physician with over 4 years of ultrasound experience. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was utilized to assess the reproducibility of the three quantitative parameters in all patients. Additionally, 63 cases were examined by another physician with six months of experience to evaluate inter-operator reproducibility.Results: The intra-operator reproducibility of USAT, LTI, and HRI were 0.879 (95% CI:0.858-0.898), 0.919 (95% CI:0.904-0.933), and 0.836 (95% CI:0.809-0.862), respectively. The inter-operator reproducibility among different operators were 0.790 (95% CI:0.604-0.894), 0.782 (95% CI:0.591-0.890), and 0.631 (95% CI:0.356-0.806). After 30 operations, the inter-operator reproducibility improved to 0.858 (95% CI:0.731-0.927), 0.909 (95% CI:0.823-0.954), and 0.796 (95% CI:0.587-0.899).Conclusions: USAT, LTI, and HRI have shown good intra-operator reproducibility, and inter-operator reproducibility between the two operators reached a comparable level after 30 training cases.
Identification of novel thiazole derivatives as flaviviral protease inhibitors effective against Dengue (DENV2) and Japanese encephalitis viruses
Authors: Murtuja Sheikh , Das Sayan , Jana Indrani Das , Shilkar Deepak , Rakshit Gourav , Sarkar Biswatrish , Sinha Barij Nayan , Dewangan Rikeshwer Prasad , Mondal Arindam , Jayaprakash Venkatesan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Flaviviruses are the causative agents of viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) globally and have demonstrated the capacity to result in fatal outcomes if not managed effectively. Among different types of flaviviruses, dengue (DENV) and Japanese encephalitis (JEV) viruses are the most common in tropical and subtropical countries. While vaccines have been developed and licensed for both DENV and JEV, effective treatment options remain sparse. Hence, there is a pressing need to develop small molecules that can target machineries crucial for virus replication and remain conserved across different flaviviruses, thereby could serve as a promising therapeutic option. This study outlines the synthesis of novel thiazole compounds as flavivirus NS2B–NS3 protease inhibitor and characterization of their antiviral activity against DENV and JEV. We synthesized a heterocyclic template derived from a substrate-based retrotripeptide dengue protease inhibitor, leading to 48 thiazole derivatives. Two compounds, 3aq and 3au demonstrated significant inhibition of dengue virus protease activity
in vitro
. Comprehensive characterization of these two compounds was conducted through biochemical assay, which revealed an uncompetitive mode of inhibition. Subsequent cell-based assays using Dengue and Japanese encephalitis viruses as representative flaviviruses revealed the potential of these compounds to block viral RNA synthesis, and viral replication exhibiting 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) in the low-micromolar range. Time-course experiments unveiled that the two compounds impeded the accumulation of viral genomic RNA primarily at later stages of infection, aligning with their capacity to hinder NS2B–NS3 protease activity, polyprotein processing and viral genomic RNA replication. Finally, time of addition experiment showed the compounds remain effective even when added 9 hpi, thereby confirming their potential as promising antivirals. Together, our work presents the development and validation of flavivirus protease inhibitors with therapeutic potential against Dengue (DENV2) and Japanese encephalitis viruses.
TK2268 encodes the major aminotransferase involved in the conversion from oxaloacetic acid to aspartic acid in
Thermococcus kodakarensis
Authors: Su Yu , Michimori Yuta , Fukuyama Yuto , Shimamura Shigeru , Nunoura Takuro , Atomi Haruyuki 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Amino acid metabolism in archaea in many cases differs from those reported in bacteria and eukaryotes. The hyperthermophilic archaeon
Thermococcus kodakarensis
possesses an incomplete tricarboxylic cycle, and the biosynthesis pathway of aspartate is unknown. Here, four Class I aminotransferases in
T. kodakarensis
encoded by TK0186, TK0548, TK1094, and TK2268 were examined to identify the enzyme(s) responsible for the conversion of oxaloacetate to aspartate. Among the four proteins, the TK2268 protein (TK2268p) was the only protein to recognize oxaloacetate as the amino acceptor. With oxaloacetate, TK2268p only recognized glutamate as the amino donor. The protein also catalyzed the reverse reaction, the transamination between aspartate and 2-oxoglutarate. Substrate inhibition was observed in the presence of high concentrations of oxaloacetate or 2-oxoglutarate. Aminotransferase activity between oxaloacetate and glutamate was observed in cell extracts of the
T. kodakarensis
host strain KU216. Among the individual gene disruption strains of the four aminotransferases, a significant decrease in activity was only observed in the ΔTK2268 strain.
T. kodakarensis
KU216 does not display growth in synthetic amino acid medium when aspartate/asparagine are absent. Growth was restored upon the addition of both oxaloacetate and glutamate. Although this restoration in growth was maintained in ΔTK0186, ΔTK0548, and ΔTK1094, growth was not observed in the ΔTK2268 strain. Our results suggest that TK2268p is the predominant aminotransferase responsible for the conversion of oxaloacetate to aspartate. The growth experiments and tracer-based metabolomics using
13
C
3
-pyruvate indicated that pyruvate is a precursor of aspartate and that this conversion is dependent on TK2268p.

IMPORTANCE

Based on genome sequence, the hyperthermophilic archaeon
Thermococcus kodakarensis
possesses an incomplete tricarboxylic cycle, raising questions on how this organism carries out the biosynthesis of aspartate and glutamate. The results of this study clarify two main points related to aspartate biosynthesis. We show that aspartate can be produced from oxaloacetate and identify TK2268p as the aminotransferase responsible for this reaction. The other point demonstrated in this study is that pyruvate can act as the precursor for oxaloacetate synthesis. Together with previous results, we can propose some of the roles of the individual aminotransferases in
T. kodakarensis
. TK0548p and TK0186p are involved in amino acid catabolism, with the latter along with TK1094p involved in the conversion of glyoxylate to glycine. TK2268p is responsible for the biosynthesis of aspartate from oxaloacetate.