bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Household members: problems of legal status
Authors: Mokrytska N.P. 
Published: February 2023

The article carries out a comprehensive study of the legal status of household members as a subject in labor relations regarding the use of domestic work in accordance with the ILO Convention on Decent Work for Domestic Workers, the state of its implementation in Ukraine, proposals for improving national legislation in order to effectively implement the rights of domestic workers .
The topicality of the topic is due to the fact that Ukraine has come close to completing the ratification process of the ILO Convention on Decent Work for Domestic Workers. Currently, a corresponding draft law has been developed, which aims to supplement the Code of Labor Laws of Ukraine with provisions aimed at regulating the relations of domestic workers under an employment contract with an individual. Therefore, domestic workers will be included in the scope of labor law, and members of the household will acquire the powers of the employer within the scope of the employment contract. At the same time, one of the members of the household will become a party to the employment contract - the employer.
An attempt was made to define the concepts and characteristics of household members based on the analysis of the ILO Convention on Decent Work for Domestic Workers, the current legislation of Ukraine and the results of the legislative work. In particular, in Ukraine it is proposed to use domestic work on the basis of an employment contract only for individuals who are primarily united by such important features as living together in the same residential premises (residential building) or part of it, running a joint household, fully or partially combining their funds and their expenses. It has been proven the need to refer to household members as well as persons who, although they do not fall under the characteristics of household members, but are family members within the meaning of Art. 3 of the Family Code of Ukraine.
It is argued that the Convention uses the term "household" to refer to the employer, which in translation from English means both a group of people who live together and applies to a house, an apartment and the people who live there. It is reasonable to believe that the Convention does not prohibit the use of domestic work by legal entities, but allows the establishment of restrictions by national legislation.
International experience of legal regulation of minors and the possibility of its implementation in the labor legislation of Ukraine
Authors: Kyselova O.I. , Shlapko T.V. , Zinchenko H.S. 
Published: February 2023

The article considers the international experience of legal regulation of the labor of minors and identifies promising areas for improving the current labor legislation of Ukraine in the field of the work of minors. In particular, the authors studied the labor legislation of the Latvian, Lithuanian, Slovak, and Estonian Republics, Great Britain, and the provinces of Canada (Alberta and Manitoba).
As you know, the regulation of the labor of minors has certain features both in Ukraine and other countries, given their physiological characteristics and lack of experience. The minimum age for employment, hazardous and prohibited types of work, working hours, wages, days off and vacations, types of work permits for minors (light types of work), and liability for violation of the requirements of labor legislation on the adoption to work and the peculiarities of ensuring the labor activity of minors.
Based on the study, it was revealed that the current labor legislation of Ukraine requires the improvement of the regulation of the labor of minors in the context of social changes. Thus, the types of activities where it is allowed to use the labor of minors are not regulated; there is no definition of the term “easy work for minors,” and the possibility of labor of persons under 14 years of age is not regulated, and the legal liability of employers for violating the requirements for hiring and the specifics of the work of minors is imperfectly defined. In general, the current Labor Code of Ukraine includes provisions for the regulation of the labor of minors, consistent with the standards adopted in other countries. Also, the authors have developed directions for improving the current labor legislation of Ukraine on the labor of minors, which in the future should protect minors from ignoring employers of the fixed requirements for hiring and the characteristics of the work of such a category of persons and protect them from further violations of labor legislation, as well as help to realize the right for the work of persons under 14 years of age who seek to earn independently in certain areas of activity.
Guarantees of exercise of labor and social rights of employees of prosecutor's offices as an integral part of their legal status
Authors: Kyselova O.I. , Shlapko T.V. , Khlus M.G. 
Published: February 2023

The article considers the mechanisms of realization of labor and social rights of prosecutors. The authors investigated that prosecutors are subject to both general labor legislation (norms of the Labor Code of Ukraine) and special ones established by the Law of Ukraine "On the Prosecutor's Office", which emphasizes the special legal status of these employees.
Acquisition of legal status by prosecutors as subjects of labor law allows them to exercise their constitutional rights and responsibilities. These elements of the legal status of prosecutors should be considered in close connection with the employment relationship and social rights in which these prosecutors are involved. The authors found that an integral part of the legal status of prosecutors are guarantees of labor and social rights - legal norms that establish ways and means of ensuring the rights and freedoms of prosecutors, their protection and restoration during office and retirement.
The study found that an important role in improving the legislation of Ukraine in the field of labor relations with prosecutors and their social rights are played by familiarity with international regulations (Conclusion of the Advisory Council of European Prosecutors № 9 (2014 (Rome Charter), Conclusion № 13 (2018) of the Advisory Council of European Prosecutors) which regulate labor and social guarantees for prosecutors. Problematic issues and gaps in the provisions of Ukrainian legislation in the field of labor and social security relations with prosecutors were investigated. The authors also developed ways to eliminate them by preserving existing and creating new norms that meet national characteristics. The importance of this study is that this system of government has a significant impact on the implementation of responsibilities for the protection of human rights and freedoms, the common interests of society and the state.
Formation of principles of justice and good faith in Roman private law
Authors: Halkevich S. V. 
Published: February 2023

In addition to the traditional methods of analogy of law and analogy of lex, the application of the recommended clarifications of higher specialized courts, the role of the principles of justice, good faith and reasonableness, which by their properties can serve as a fundamental, universal and optimal basis for modeling a decision based on specific civil case.
Roman law is the formation source of the Romano-Germanic type`s legal system, including the basis for the creation of tort liability. Tort obligations to compensate victims of property losses caused by a committed offense (delict), the very first type of obligations since their origin, were introduced by Roman lawyers.
The purpose of the study was to carry out a retrospective analysis of the genesis and development of the principles of justice and good faith in Roman private law.
The article provides a retrospective analysis of the essence of tort liability in Roman law, taking into account the periodization of its development: the archaic period, the republican period, the imperial period. It was established that the formation and application of evaluative principles: justice and good faith in law enforcement activities, — have firstly appeared in Roman law. It was noted that the principle of justice (aequitas) was most often applied when it was necessary to resolve the contradiction between the established application of the law and a specific non-standard case, through a reasonable reconciliation of justified opposing interests in the spirit of this legal institution and an innate sense of justice (aequitas naturalis).
There is no integral consolidation of the concept of good faith in sources of Roman law. The existence of such an evaluation principle is confirmed only in law enforcement practice, most often when solving casual cases. It was established that the principle of reasonableness in the meaningful manifestation in which it exists today was not finally formed in Roman law. This principle was formed in the subsequent reception of Roman private law.
Evolution of the idea of participative democracy
Authors: Nikitenko L. 
Published: February 2023

The article examines the transformation of the content of the idea of participatory democracy with reference to historical retrospection.
To carry out a full-fledged analysis of the evolution of the idea of participatory democracy, the way of development of the concept of democracy in general is considered. It has been established that the phenomenon of "democracy" originates from the times of antiquity and the works of Aristotle (384-322 BC), and the philosophers of the Renaissance (M. Machiavelli, J. Locke, S. Montesquieu, J.-J. Rousseau, A. Tocqueville, etc.). The process of implementing the ideas of democracy in practice started at the end of the 17th century in England and France, went through four stages, the last of which began in the 21st century and continues to this day.
It was found that the history of participatory democracy tentatively dates back to the 5th century to n. (the city of Athens, Ancient Greece), and after the Second World War, the gradual expansion of electoral rights and the processes of emancipation paved the way for its large-scale development. In the 80s of the XX century in Western Europe and the USA, the idea of participatory democracy gained momentum. B. Barber, K. McPherson, J. Mansbridge, C. Pateman, J. Zimmerman and S. Shalom made the greatest contribution to its spread. The result of a long path of transformation of the content of democracy, which for several centuries was perceived as a means of including the poor in the space of politics, was the understanding of participatory democracy as an indispensable process of requiring the rotation of leaders, the breakdown of social hierarchies, and a change in the perception of the essence of freedom. The evolution of the idea of participatory democracy, first of all, is connected with the declaration of the priority of human freedoms over the interests of the state.
Today, the theory of participatory democracy occupies a leading place in the rating of democratic theories and is actively used in practice in many countries of the world. The defining idea of participatory democracy lies in the potential of ordinary citizens to exercise self-management, but it has not yet been fully implemented in life. So, we have the following movement vectors to ensure universal and effective involvement of the vast majority of citizens in the decision-making process: increasing the level of awareness and education, leveling economic inequality, providing real tools for influencing the political process (especially with the help of information and communication and blockchain technologies). At the same time, it is worth taking into account the autonomy of the individual, the freedom of individuality and the issue of voluntary participation or non-participation of each individual citizen.
Youth as an active subject of the realization of political rights: the issue of renewal
Authors: Filiptchuk K. 
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of issues of renewed understanding of youth participation as an active subject of the realization of political rights.
The discussion regarding the understanding of the identity and difference of political and public rights is primarily highlighted.
It is noted that the globalized society changes legal ideology, social existence and transforms approaches to human rights, expanding their interpretation and representing new means and ways of achieving the desired legal ideal.
It is proved that the youth is an asset of the country, a large number of young people can stimulate the dynamism necessary to change the social condition of the group. It is the younger generation that is prone to the newest representations in their social and legal life. It is the duty of a democratic state to provide them with the best opportunities for political participation and realization of a legitimate interest.
Political stability and the strengthening of democratic standards are the prime interests of the nation, and the role of youth participation in this process is crucial. Young people get additional opportunities in the information field, they are the first to respond to the latest trends in technical progress and have opportunities to use these tools in the political and legal field. Social media as a means of expanding political opportunities are actively used by young people as an exerciser of their political rights.
It motivates the activation of scientific research and public movements of various directions, which either determine the need to renew political rights through the abolition of the minimum voting age, or indicate the low political activity and radicalism of the younger generation, their unpreparedness for public life. The author of the article denies such categorical approaches and advocates a reasonable limitation of the age limit for voting. In the praxeological aspect, it is pointed out the need to expand the right to vote by establishing a lower limit than the age of majority.
It is also indicated that not only the decrease in age, but also the intensification of youth participation is an indicator of the expansion of political rights. Here, the main criterion is the reality of such involvement and its effectiveness for the legal life of society.
Fair trial and due process: European and American doctrine
Authors: Burdeyniy Yu. 
Published: February 2023

The relationship between due process and the "right to a fair trial" in the sense of the European Convention on Human Rights or other international documents is not equivalent. The principle of due process, combined with the right of access to justice, an adversarial and broad protection, closes the cycle of procedural guarantees. In this way, the process is guaranteed, with the appropriate instrumental forms, so that judicial security, when it is carried out by the state, gives to each what is his. Due process of a substantive lawsuit concerns the limitation of the exercise of powers and authorizes a judge to question the validity of a given law and the fairness of state decisions, establishing material control over constitutionality and proportionality. It should be noted that the substantive theory means a fair legal process based on the principles of justice. For this purpose, it mentions the duties of proportionality and reasonableness. This similarity between proportionality and substantive due process is, in our view, very interesting for our analysis, for several reasons: a) it helps to clarify the meaning of substantive due process, which, considered in the abstract, is vague and imprecise; b) helps to eliminate the erroneous opinion that the essential content of due legal procedure will not be applied in the countries of the Romano-Germanic system, with less freedom for the judge than for the judge of the law...; c) reinforces the idea of ​​balance, which permeates the entire judicial process. As in the classic dilemma between speed and security. Given the great concern of modern constitutionalism in ensuring fundamental rights through constitutional process, it has been demonstrated that due process is an expression of democracy and citizenship by gathering in its content the numerous guarantees of the constitutional procedural order.
This relationship is political and intellectual because due process and the right to a fair trial are elements of institutional liberalism that tend to make judicial moderation initially dependent on a certain number of procedural requirements. This relationship is normative, since both Due Process and the right to a fair trial have a scope that goes beyond the scope of the courts stricto sensu to be applied, including to court decisions.
Evaluasi Pencahayaan Alami pada Masjid Raya Baruga
Authors: Arianda Andi Rahmat , Rahma Citra Sti 
Published: February 2023

Abstrak Pencahayaan merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam perancangan ruang. Kebutuhan pencahayaan suatu ruangan tergantung pada jenis kegiatan yang dilakukan di ruangan tersebut. Sistem pencahayaan dalam suatu ruangan dapat dibagi menjadi dua bagian utama yaitu sistem pencahayaan alami yang bersumber dari alam dan sistem pencahayaan buatan yang dibuat oleh manusia. Standar minimal sistem pencahayaan buatan dalam suatu bangunan harus memenuhi syarat kesehatan, kenyamanan, keamanan dan memenuhi ketentuan yang berlaku untuk bangunan gedung. Tingkat pencahayaan rata-rata suatu ruangan bergantung pada luas area, fluks total semua lampu, koefisien penggunaan, serta koefisien depresiasi. Tingkat pencahayaan ratarata suatu ruangan dapat diukur menggunakan luxmeter. Proses pengukurannya meliputi penentuan luas ruangan, type ruangan, penentuan titik penerangan, serta pengambilan data pengukuran. Hasil dari pengukuran tersebut dibandingkan dengan standar SNI pencahayaan. Kata kunci : pencahayaan, pengaruh, masjid Abstrack Lighting is one of the important factors in designing space. The lighting needs of a room depend on the type of activity carried out in the room. Lighting systems in a room can be divided into two main parts, namely natural lighting systems sourced from nature and artificial lighting systems made by humans. The minimum standard of artificial lighting systems in a building must meet health, comfort, safety requirements and meet the requirements that apply to buildings. The average lighting level of a room depends on the area, the total flux of all lights, the coefficient of use, and the depreciation coefficient. The average lighting level of a room can be measured using luxmeter. The measurement process includes determining the area of the room, type of room, determining the lighting point, and taking measurement data. The results of these measurements are compared to SNI lighting standards. Keywords: lighting, influence, mosque
Correlation between Derived Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and D-Dimer in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Surohadi Natra Dias , Triwardhani Ria 
Published: February 2023

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several studies suggest that the Derived Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (d-NLR) and d-dimer are markers of inflammation in various diseases and can be used to monitor prognosis and mortality. This study was conducted to find the correlation between Derived Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (d-NLR) and d-dimer in COVID-19 patients. This is expected to be markers of inflammation and a predictor for patients which has clinical deterioration so that the risk of death can be avoided. This study used a retrospective observational method with a cross sectional approach at Dr. Kariadi Semarang, using secondary data involving confirmed COVID-19 respondents during the period March - August 2020. The Spearman test was conducted to analyze data, significant if p <0.05. Thirty three respondents confirmed COVID 19 with median value of d-NLR 6,14 (3,55-15,67) and median value of d-dimer 7110 (2460-21770) mg/L were tested for correlation by the Spearman correlation test with value of p= 0,046; and r= 0,350. In COVID-19, there is an increase in d-NLR and d-dimer levels which are known as markers of a systemic inflammatory response. The increase in levels is related to the severity of the COVID-19 disease. There was a highly significant positive correlation between d-NLR and d-dimer in COVID-19 patients
Alien trees and shrubs of Latvia – evaluation of current status and invasiveness
Authors: Evarte-Bundere Gunta , Evarts-Bunders Pēteris , Mežaka Anna , Bojāre Aiva 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article presents an updated list of annotated invasive trees and shrubs in Latvia. This list includes 178 taxa about which extensive information has been collected and analysed: family, first records in the area, native range, invasiveness status, vector of introduction, and species distribution in Latvia. In this article, the authors, for the first time in Latvia, provided an invasiveness risk assessment and distinguished risk classes for trees and shrubs. The methodology previously developed by E. Weber and D. Gut was used to assess the risk of invasiveness. The most widely represented families in the list of invasive trees and shrubs are Rosaceae (51 taxa or 28.65%) and Salicaceae (20 taxa or 11.24%). Having assessed the invasiveness status, two species (Acer negundo L. and Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Braun) were identified as transformers, and 42 tree and shrub taxa were identified as invasive. After the assessment of the invasiveness risk, the species were divided into three risk classes. The highest risk class includes 32 taxa that are threatening or are likely to threaten natural habitats in Latvia in the future. The results of this study can be used for further dendrological studies in relation to global change and for practical nature conservation and landscape gardening.
Puistu ruumilise struktuuri arvutuslik kirjeldamine
Authors: Põldveer Eneli , Laarmann Diana , Korjus Henn 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
As the focus in forestry is moving from timber production to prioritized economic benefits and better integration of ecological-social functions, practical forest management is shifting towards promoting diverse stand structures. Promoting stand structural heterogeneity requires accurate and profound evaluations of spatial stand structure that are generally not provided during conventional forest inventories. In this paper, different indices describing the heterogeneity of the stand and the spatial arrangement of trees, including their size, condition and species were assessed. Indices were applied to the inventory data collected from the Estonian Network of Forest Research Plots. The results show that the studied structural indices are useful in assessment of Estonian forest stands. The practical importance of structural indices will increase in future as there will be a need for methods for characterizing forest stand structural diversity at a large scale, for example, derived from high-resolution remote sensing data.