bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turbulent Energy Transfer and Proton–Electron Heating in Collisionless Plasmas
Authors: Roy S. , Bandyopadhyay R. , Yang Y. , Parashar T. N. , Matthaeus W. H. , Adhikari S. , Roytershteyn V. , Chasapis A. , Li Hui , Gershman D. J. , Giles B. L. , Burch J. L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Despite decades of study of high-temperature weakly collisional plasmas, a complete understanding of how energy is transferred between particles and fields in turbulent plasmas remains elusive. Two major questions in this regard are how fluid-scale energy transfer rates, associated with turbulence, connect with kinetic-scale dissipation, and what controls the fraction of dissipation on different charged species. Although the rate of cascade has long been recognized as a limiting factor in the heating rate at kinetic scales, there has not been direct evidence correlating the heating rate with MHD-scale cascade rates. Using kinetic simulations and in situ spacecraft data, we show that the fluid-scale energy flux indeed accounts for the total energy dissipated at kinetic scales. A phenomenology, based on disruption of proton gyromotion by fluctuating electric fields that are produced in turbulence at proton scales, argues that the proton versus electron heating is controlled by the ratio of the nonlinear timescale to the proton cyclotron time and by the plasma beta. The proposed scalings are supported by the simulations and observations.
Photochemistry and Heating/Cooling of the Multiphase Interstellar Medium with UV Radiative Transfer for Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations
Authors: Kim Jeong-Gyu , Gong Munan , Kim Chang-Goo , Ostriker Eve C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We present an efficient heating/cooling method coupled with chemistry and UV radiative transfer that can be applied to numerical simulations of the interstellar medium (ISM). We follow the time-dependent evolution of hydrogen species (H2, H, H+), assume carbon/oxygen species (C, C+, CO, O, and O+) are in formation–destruction balance given the nonsteady hydrogen abundances, and include essential heating/cooling processes needed to capture the thermodynamics of all ISM phases. UV radiation from discrete point sources and the diffuse background is followed through adaptive ray tracing and a six-ray approximation, respectively, allowing for H2 self-shielding; cosmic-ray heating and ionization are also included. To validate our methods and demonstrate their application for a range of density, metallicity, and radiation fields, we conduct a series of tests, including the equilibrium curves of thermal pressure versus density, the chemical and thermal structure in photodissociation regions, H i-to-H2 transitions, and the expansion of H ii regions and radiative supernova remnants. Careful treatment of photochemistry and cosmic-ray ionization is essential for many aspects of ISM physics, including identifying the thermal pressure at which cold and warm neutral phases coexist. We caution that many current heating and cooling treatments used in galaxy formation simulations do not reproduce the correct thermal pressure and ionization fraction in the neutral ISM. Our new model is implemented in the MHD code Athena and incorporated in the TIGRESS simulation framework, for use in studying the star-forming ISM in a wide range of environments.
The Possible Tidal Demise of Kepler’s First Planetary System
Authors: Vissapragada Shreyas , Chontos Ashley , Greklek-McKeon Michael , Knutson Heather A. , Dai Fei , González Jorge Pérez , Grunblatt Sam , Huber Daniel , Saunders Nicholas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We present evidence of tidally-driven inspiral in the Kepler-1658 (KOI-4) system, which consists of a giant planet (1.1R
J, 5.9M
J) orbiting an evolved host star (2.9R
⊙, 1.5M
⊙). Using transit timing measurements from Kepler, Palomar/WIRC, and TESS, we show that the orbital period of Kepler-1658b appears to be decreasing at a rate

P

̇

=

131

−
22

+
20

ms yr−1, corresponding to an infall timescale

P

/

P

̇

≈
2.5

Myr

. We consider other explanations for the data including line-of-sight acceleration and orbital precession, but find them to be implausible. The observed period derivative implies a tidal quality factor

Q

⋆

′

=

2.50

−
0.62

+
0.85

×

10

4

, in good agreement with theoretical predictions for inertial wave dissipation in subgiant stars. Additionally, while it probably cannot explain the entire inspiral rate, a small amount of planetary dissipation could naturally explain the deep optical eclipse observed for the planet via enhanced thermal emission. As the first evolved system with detected inspiral, Kepler-1658 is a new benchmark for understanding tidal physics at the end of the planetary life cycle.
Climatic definitions of the world’s terrestrial biomes
Authors: Loidi Javier , Navarro-Sánchez Gonzalo , Vynokurov Denys 
Published: December 2022

Question: Is it feasible to establish a classification of large biotic units of the world related to climatic types? Study area: The world. Methods: A total of 616 localities have been selected, their climatic parameters calculated and subjected to a PCA. The climatic characterization of biomes and subbiomes has been completed after data analysis. Results: A hierarchical classification is proposed for the biotic units within four main domains: Cryocratic, Mesocratic, Xerocratic and Thermocratic, divided into 7 ecozones, 9 biomes and 20 subbiomes linked to climatically defined territories. Most of the units are intercontinental. The mountains represent an abbreviated version of the latitudinal zonation and the altitudinal belts are related to the corresponding units of the lowlands. For the bioclimatic units, a parallel classification is proposed to fit with that of the biotic units: 4 Macrobioclimates and 10 bioclimates. Furthermore, 7 ombrotypes and 7 thermotypes are recognized to frame the climatic variation within each climatic territory due to terrain ruggedness, particularly in relation to large or medium sized mountains. Conclusions: The southern hemisphere is substantially more oceanic than the northern hemisphere. This is due to the distribution of the land masses and the modifying effect they have on the flow of air and marine currents. As a result, there is one biome and one subbiome exclusively found in the northern hemisphere (6. Biome of the steppe, and 5.b Continental scrub and woodlands subbiome) and two others which are almost confined to it (2. Biome of the boreal forest, and 3. Biome of the temperate deciduous forests). The 7. Biome of the deserts and 5. Biome of the temperate aridiestival evergreen forests and shrublands occur on the western side of the continents and expand in their interior favoured by rain shadow and continentality effects.
Taxonomic reference: The Plant List (2013).
Abbreviations: ITCZ = Inter Tropical Convergence Zone; NH = Northern Hemisphere; PCA = Principal Component Analysis; SH = Southern Hemisphere.
Le modèle de la réhabilitation psychosociale en pédopsychiatrie : quelle pertinence ?
Authors: Zottner Nathalie 
Published: December 2022

L’auteur cherche à comprendre la pertinence que pourrait avoir la réhabilitation psychosociale dans le champ de la pédopsychiatrie. Un aperçu de l’histoire de la réhabilitation et de celle du secteur, articulées aux enjeux actuels de la pédopsychiatrie dans un contexte socio-politico-économique en pleine mutation, l’amène à s’interroger sur les différents modèles de compréhension et traitement des troubles de l’enfant. Une articulation est-elle possible ? Entre réductionnisme et empiétement, elle interroge les difficultés et les conséquences qu’une fragmentation de l’offre de soin pourrait entraîner pour les patients atteints de maladie mentale.
Apoio psicológico online, clínicas do trabalho e Ergopsicologia : reflexões a partir de uma experiência de estágio
Authors: Alves Roberta Belizário , Moraes Thiago Drumond 
Published: December 2022

Transformações no trabalho no final do século XX intensificam as exigências para a vida psíquica dos trabalhadores. A pandemia de Covid-19 traz novos desafios, aumentando as queixas de adoecimento mental entre os trabalhadores, e restringindo possibilidades de intervenção. Este texto visa analisar se é possível alinhar práticas de apoio psicológico breve online às perspectivas da Ergopsicologia e das clínicas do trabalho. São analisadas experiências de apoio psicológico breve online para trabalhadores de segurança pública e da assistência social, ofertadas por meio de estágio profissional em psicologia. Conclui-se que : as intervenções são pertinentes para trabalhadores em sofrimento em situações agudas ; as iniciativas estão alinhadas à Ergopsicologia por buscarem compreender o sofrimento a partir da vivência no trabalho ; os atendimentos são fontes de informações sobre condições de trabalho geradoras de sofrimento ; a experiência é importante na formação dos estudantes por despertar o olhar clínico para questões do trabalho envolvidas na saúde mental.
Trabajadores, en plural
Authors: Volkoff Serge 
Published: December 2022

Este artículo propone un comentario introductorio a una presentación de Antoine Laville titulada "¿A qué hombre debe adaptarse el trabajo ? Una pregunta que sigue siendo relevante para la ergonomía", y planteada en el 2001 durante una jornada temática dedicada a la obra de Alain Wisner. El artículo busca aclarar tres elementos : el contexto sociodemográfico en el que se publicó esta reflexión, con el aumento de los factores de diversidad en la población activa ; la estructuración institucional de la investigación sobre este tema en Francia en esa época, en particular la creación, diez años antes, del grupo de investigación Creapt, que ofrecía nuevas posibilidades de colaboración duradera entre empresas y organismos de investigación ; y las preocupaciones científicas, epistemológicas e incluso éticas que Laville abordó durante mucho tiempo y consideró importante explicitar, con el fin de integrar el análisis de la diversidad en una intervención ergonómica, como alternativa a considerar en las políticas de selección.
Body size classification of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
Authors: Souza Diego , Faria Lucas Del Bianco 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Parasitoid body size has been used as an indicator of fitness and its capability to parasitise hosts in the field, but studies that have investigated this relationship have disagreed. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between the two most common body parts used in body size classification and tried to select groups of small and large parasitoids by discriminant analysis. We found that groups with small or large individuals differ from each other only when the two body parts were used to classify them. We conclude that using just one body part to estimate the size of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) could be misleading and that caution is needed when defining small and large individuals.
Acute fulminant rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: Our experience with open approach in the COVID era
Authors: Adhikari Souvik , Biswas Partha Sundar , Saha Alangkar 
Published: December 2022

Objectives:
Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is a quite rare and an extremely aggressive infection which can cause profound destruction of tissues. A high index of suspicion is required to diagnose and treat this infection. Although mostly occurring in diabetic or immunosuppressed patients, a sudden surge of these patients has been observed in the COVID era. Mortality is extremely high in neglected cases and can range from 40%–85% or even more. In this article, we aim to highlight patient demographics, clinical features, diagnosis, management, and outcome of fulminant ROCM in patients managed jointly by plastic surgeons and maxillofacial surgeons by the open approach.

Materials and Methods:
Between May 2021 and August 2021, there was a sudden upsurge of mucormycosis patients admitted in our institute (IPGME and R, Kolkata). Less severe fulminant forms of the disease were managed by the department of otorhinolaryngology by endoscopy, whereas fulminant cases with extensive involvement were managed by the department of plastic surgery in conjunction with the department of maxillofacial surgery. The surgical management involved open access to the involved tissues and resection under direct vision combined with appropriate medical management.

Results:
In total, we operated on eight cases of fulminant ROCM of which 4 patients were male and 4 females. Apart from this, two male patients and one female patient were also planned for extensive debridement surgery but the same could not be performed because of poor anesthetic risk. Biopsies were taken in all of these patients. Therefore, out of a total of 11 patients with fulminant ROCM, 9 patients did not survive taking the mortality rate in fulminant cases to 82%.

Conclusion:
ROCM can be an extremely difficult disease to treat and is associated with a very high mortality rate in fulminant cases. Early diagnosis coupled with adequate debridement and systemic amphotericin B has the prospect of salvaging patients with this dreaded disease.
Comparison of ultrasonography, clinical method and capnography for detecting correct endotracheal tube placement- A prospective, observational study
Authors: Roy Purbali S. , Joshi Nandkishore , Garg Monika , Meena Reema , Bhati Sushil 
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims:
In emergency airway management, unstable haemodynamics of the patients calls for the early need to detect correct endotracheal tube (ETT) placement. Ultrasonography has an advantage of being readily available along with being non-invasive and providing real time images. We aimed to study the usefulness of tracheal ultrasonography and use it as a tool to assess correct tracheal intubation in patients in the intensive care unit.

Methods:
This was a hospital-based observational study. The study included 92 patients who needed and were taken up for endotracheal intubation. Tube placement was confirmed simultaneously by three different observers with their respective method, i.e., ultrasonography, clinical method and capnography.

Results:
Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of ultrasonography against capnography were 100% each with P value of 1. However, for clinical method against capnography, the sensitivity was 96.5%, specificity 28.6%, PPV 94.3% and NPV 40% with P value of 0.727. Mean time taken to detect correct placement of the ETT by ultrasonography, capnography and clinical method was 4.93 s, 15.39s and 17.80s, respectively. Out of 92 intubations, 85 were tracheal and 7 were oesophageal. All intubations were detected accurately with ultrasonography and capnography, ultrasonography being faster. Clinical method correctly detected 82 out of 85 tracheal intubations and 2 out of 7 oesophageal intubations, and was therefore less accurate than the other two methods.

Conclusion:
The study shows that ultrasonography is as reliable a method for confirmation of endotracheal intubation as capnography and is more reliable than clinical method. Besides, ultrasonography is faster than the other two methods.
Comparing the effectiveness of boric acid and chlorhexidine irrigation as an adjunct to mechanical periodontal therapy in chronic periodontitis patients – A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Parmar Preetika , Radha G , Rekha R 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Oral health is a part of the overall health and has a significant impact on both the physical and the psychological state. Dental caries and periodontal disease are the two major oral diseases that affect the human population worldwide.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of boric acid and chlorhexidine (CHX) irrigation as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in chronic periodontitis patients visiting VS Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru.

Materials and Methodology:
A total of 123 subjects were randomly allocated to three groups (group 1 - boric acid, group 2 - CHX, group 3 - distilled water as a control group). The study subjects were assessed for all the clinical parameters at baseline and 1 and 3 months after the intervention. ANOVA test was used to compare the results between the groups.

Results:
The mean age among group 1 was 50 ± 5.1 years, in group 2 was 49 ± 5.4 years, and in group 3 was 48 ± 7.1 years. There was a significant reduction in plaque scores, gingival scores, and bleeding on probing scores in the boric acid group compared to distilled water group and CHX group at 1 and 3 months after treatment. Probing depths (PDs) and clinical attachment level scores are significantly decreased from baseline level to 1 and 3 months after intervention in the boric acid group compared to the CHX group and distilled water group.

Conclusion:
Boric acid or CHX can be used effectively in periodontal pockets as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treatment compared with conventional treatment.
Comparison of awake Electroencephalography, Electroencephalography after Sleep Deprivation, and Melatonin-Induced Sleep Electroencephalography Sensitivity in the Diagnosis of Epilepsy in Adults
Authors: Demirtas Burcu Selbest , Uludag İrem Fatma , Şener Ufuk , Zorlu Yaşar 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
The aim of this study was to compare routine awake electroencephalography (r-EEG), melatonin-induced sleep EEG (m-EEG) and EEG (d-EEG) after sleep deprivation studies in terms of epileptiform anomalies (EA), and to compare d-EEG and m-EEG studies in terms of sleep induction in patients requiring differential diagnosis of epileptic seizure/nonepileptic seizure.

Methods:
The study included 45 patients aged 18–45 years who had at least one seizure suspected to be epileptic but could not be diagnosed with epilepsy with clinical and laboratory findings. Each patient underwent r-EEG on the 1st day, d-EEG on the 2nd day after 24 h of sleeplessness, and m-EEG on the 3rd day after the administration of 6 mg melatonin following 7 h night sleep. Three separate EEG tracings of the patients were compared for EA. The d-EEG and m-EEG methods were examined for their ability to achieve sleep, total sleep time (ST), and sleep latency (SL).

Results:
When the detection rate of EA in d-EEG and m-EEG was compared with that of r-EEG, it was found to be significantly higher (P < 0.001) (73.3% with d-EEG, 75.6% with m-EEG, and 35.6% with r-EEG). Sleep was achieved at a rate of 100% after receiving melatonin and at a rate of 97.8% with sleep deprivation. There was no significant difference between d-EEG and m-EEG in terms of mean ST and SL (ST = 58.6 ± 12.6 min and 59.7 ± 8.3 min, respectively; SL = 287.6 ± 484.3 s and 152.2 ± 178.7 s after the start of the EEG, respectively).

Conclusions:
Sleep EEG is superior to awake EEG in terms of detecting EA. In an EEG study, where melatonin was used to induce sleep, the sleep rate and SL were similar to those of d-EEG, and melatonin did not have an EA increasing or suppressing effect on EEG. Given the ease of application and low side effect profile, it is thought that m-EEG may be an applicable method in the diagnosis of epilepsy.
Performance of a Commercial Multiplex Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction Kit to Genotype African-Type Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Authors: Djigo Oum Kelthoum Mamadou , Gomez Nicolas , Ould Ahmedou Salem Mohamed Salem , Basco Leonardo , Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary Ali , Briolant Sébastien 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT.
8-Aminoquinoline antimalarial drugs (primaquine, tafenoquine) are required for complete cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria, but they are contraindicated in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. In the absence of spectrophotometry, which is a gold standard for measuring G6PD activity, G6PD genotyping is one of the alternatives to establish a database and distribution map of G6PD enzyme deficiency in Mauritania, which has become a new epicenter of P. vivax malaria in West Africa. The aim of our study was to assess the performance of multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (African-type Diaplex C™ G6PD kit) against PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing. Of 146 mutations associated with G6PD A− genotypes in 177 blood samples from Mauritanian patients, all but two samples were identified correctly using multiplex allele-specific PCR (100% sensitivity and 99% specificity; “almost perfect agreement” between allele-specific PCR and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism/sequencing, with a kappa coefficient of 0.977). Despite a suboptimal PCR protocol for dried blood spots and the inability of the commercial assay to predict unequivocally the G6PD enzyme level in heterozygous females, the African-type Diaplex C™ G6PD genotyping kit seemed to be a valuable screening tool for male subjects and for research purposes in resource-limited countries where spectrophotometer and DNA sequencing are not available.
A 12-month Prospective Study of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected Women and Their Infants in Malawi: Comparative Analysis of Clinical Events and Infant Growth
Authors: Floridia Marco , Orlando Stefano , Andreotti Mauro , Mphwere Robert , Kavalo Thom , Ciccacci Fausto , Scarcella Paola , Marazzi Maria Cristina , Giuliano Marina 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT.
Few studies have compared clinical outcomes in HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) and HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) infants in the current scenario of universal and lifelong maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART). HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected Malawian women receiving ART and their breastfed infants were followed for 12 months postpartum, analyzing the rates of infectious and noninfectious events and assessing infant growth at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months. The cohorts included 227 mothers (70 HIV-negative, 157 HIV-positive) and 235 infants (72 HUU, 163 HEU). No maternal or infant deaths occurred during follow-up. HIV-negative women were less likely to complete follow-up (48.6% versus 91.1%). Mothers with and without HIV had similar rates of both infectious and noninfectious events per person-month. Infants who were HEU, compared with HUU, had higher rates of events of any type, lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), and noninfectious events. HEU had lower body mass index (BMI) at 6 weeks but did not differ from HUU in all anthropometric measures at 6 and 12 months; in growth between 6 weeks and 12 months; and in occurrence of stunting, underweight, and wasting at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months. During the first year of life, infants who were HEU, compared with HUU, showed a transiently lower BMI and an increased risk of LRTI.