bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causes and contexts of childhood overweight and obesity in the Pacific region: a scoping review
Authors: Bertrand-Protat Solene , Chen Juliana , Jonquoy Aurélie , Frayon Stéphane , Thu Win Tin Si , Ravuvu Amerita , Caillaud Corinne , Galy Olivier 
Published: April 2023

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major threat to health and development and account for 75% of deaths in the Pacific Islands Countries and Territories (PICTs). Childhood obesity has been identified as a main risk factor for NCDs later in life. This review compiled overweight and obesity (OWOB) prevalence (anthropometric data) for children aged six to 12 years old living in the Pacific region and identified possible related causes. Methods: We conducted a systematic search using PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect for articles published between January 1980 and August 2022. We also searched for technical reports from Ministries of Health. Guided by the eligibility criteria, two authors independently read the selected articles and reports to extract and summarise relevant information related to overweight and obesity. Results: We selected 25 articles, two worldwide analyses of population-based studies and four national reports. Information revealed that childhood OWOB prevalence reached 55% in some PICTs. This review also indicated that age, gender and ethnicity were linked to children’s weight status, while dietary practices, sleep time and level of physical activity played a role in OWOB development, as well as the living environment (socio-economic status and food availability), parenting practices and education level. Conclusion: This review highlighted that anthropometric data are limited and that comparisons are difficult due to the paucity of surveys and non-standardized methodology. Main causes of overweight and obesity are attributed to individual characteristics of children and behavioural patterns, children’s socio-economic environment, parenting practices and educational level. Reinforcement of surveillance with standardised tools and metrics adapted to the Pacific region is crucial and further research is warranted to better understand root causes of childhood OWOB in the Pacific islands. More robust and standardized anthropometric data would enable improvements in national strategies, multisectoral responses and innovative interventions to prevent and control NCDs.
DEVELOPMENT OF LABOR POTENTIAL IN RUSSIA AS A CONDITION FOR OVERCOMING SANCTION PRESSURE FROM WESTERN COUNTRIES: LESSONS OF HISTORY
Authors: Chuev S. , Mitrofanova Elena , Konovalova Valeriya , Mitrofanova Alexandra 
Published: April 2023

The article substantiates the relevance of the study of the Soviet experience in the development of industrial and labor potential in order to use it in modern conditions; revealed objectively existing signs inherent in the socio­economic situation in Russia both in the Soviet period and at the present time; a historiographic analysis of the history of the economic development of the USSR was carried out; the practice of creating in education system that made it possible to achieve the goals of industrialization and socio­economic development of the USSR was studied.
The study was conducted by the team of authors of the federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education «State University of Management» as part of the execution of the state task of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation No. 075­03–2022–156 / 6 dated 09.21. Economic and Industrial Potential of the Russian State under the Technological Blockade and Western Sanctions: Soviet Experience and Modern Solutions.
Spatio-temporal structuring control of a vectorial focal field
Authors: Rao Jingyuan , Long Xian , Gao Yuan , Yan Wenxiang , Yuan Zheng , Sun Hanchao , Ren Zhi-Cheng , Wang Xi-Lin , Ding Jianping , Wang Hui-Tian 
Published: April 2023

Focal field modulation has attracted a lot of interest due to its
potential in many applications such as optical tweezers or laser
processing, and it has recently been facilitated by spatial light
modulators (SLMs) owing to their dynamic modulation abilities.
However, capabilities for manipulating focal fields are limited by the
space-bandwidth product of SLMs. This difficulty can be alleviated by
taking advantage of the high-speed modulation ability of digital
micromirror devices (DMDs), i.e., trading time for space to
achieve fine focus shaping. In this paper, we propose a new, to the
best of our knowledge, technique for achieving four-dimensional focal
field modulation, which allows for independent manipulation of the
focal field’s parameters (including amplitude, phase, and
polarization) in both the space and time domains. This technique
combines a DMD and a vector field synthesis system based on a 4-f
system. The high-speed modulation ability of DMDs enables versatile
focus patterns to be fast switchable during the exposure time of the
detector, forming multiple patterns in a single recording frame. By
generating different kinds of focal spots and lines at different
moments during the exposure time of the detector, we can finally get
complete multifocal spots and lines. Our proposed method is effective
at improving the flexibility and speed of the focal field modulation,
which is beneficial to applications.
Perempuan dengan Disabilitas Merespon Covid-19
Authors: Ro'fah Ro'fah 
Published: April 2023

This research shows that --reinforcing existing research-- women with disabilities experience quite complex obstacles and impacts of Covid 19. The intersection between disability and gender creates the seriousness and complexity of the impacts experienced. The economic and social impact faced by women with disabilities is strengthened by their already vulnerable position economically and socially: lack of accessibility, social protection policies that are not inclusive and cultural factors still stigmatizing. However, in contrast to the assumptions about powerlessness and dependency, these women are strong figures whose resilience has been built. The Bantul earthquake that made them disabled has shaped them as resilient women who see the impact of Covid as a lighter disaster. These women even see Covid as a medium to form a positive identity and challenge stigma, prejudice, and social construction about the inability of women with disabilities to become mothers and wives.
Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa --menguatkan penelitian yang sudah ada-- perempuan dengan disabilitas mengalami hambatan dan dampak Covid 19 yang cukup kompleks. Persinggungan antara disabilitas dan gender melahirkan keseriusan dan kompleksitas dampak yang dialami. Dampak ekonomi dan sosial yang dihadapi perempuan penyandang disabilitas dikuatkan dengan posisi mereka yang sudah rentan secara ekonomi dan sosial: minimnya aksesibilitas, kebijakan perlindungan sosial yang tidak inklusif dan juga faktor kultural yang masih menstigmasi. Namun, berbeda dengan asumsi tentang ketidakberdayaan dan ketergantungan, perempuan perempuan ini adalah sosok kuat yang sudah terbangun resiliensinya. Gempa Bantul yang menjadikan mereka penyandang disabilitas telah membentuk mereka sebagai perempuan reselien yang melihat dampak Covid sebagai musibah yang lebih ringan. Perempuan perempuan ini bahkan melihat Covid sebagai media mereka membentuk identitas positif dan menggugat stigma dan prejudice dan konstruksi sosial tentang ketidakmampuan perempuan disabilitas menjadi ibu dan istri.
Electrochemical analysis of the dissolution of gold in a copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system
Authors: Xiang Peng-Zhi , Liu Qiong , Deng Chao , Ye Guo-hua 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Thiosulfate gold leaching is a green gold extraction technology. Here, the effects of thiosulfate, copper ion, ethylenediamine, and polarization voltage on the dissolution of gold in this system were investigated by an electrochemical method. The results showed that the addition of thiosulfate promoted the dissolution of gold, but increasing the thiosulfate concentration had a little additional effect. The addition of ethylenediamine also increased the dissolution of gold, but the dissolution resistance of gold increased after adding ethylenediamine. The dissolution of gold increased, the diffusion resistance increased, and the dispersion effect increased upon increasing the copper ion concentration. The copper–ethylenediamine–thiosulfate system did not display passivation (or only weak passivation) upon increasing the polarization voltage, which indicates that the system was relatively stable. The influence of three factors on the dissolution of gold followed the order thiosulfate > copper ion > ethylenediamine.
Research on the behaviour and mechanism of void welding based on multiple scales
Authors: Shi Ruxing , Yu Xingsheng , Chen Huiqin , Jiao Yongxing , Chen Juan , Chen Fei , He Sizhe 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
As the core foundation of major national equipment, large forgings have a great influence on the national economic construction, the development of national defence equipment and the development of modern cutting-edge science and technology. In the production of large forgings, welding the internal void of forgings is a technical problem that directly affects the quality of large forgings. In view of the phenomenon of void welding in large forgings, the behaviour and mechanism of void welding were deeply studied based on the stretching test and molecular dynamics simulation, combined with a lot of theoretical analysis. The results show that multi-pass stretching deformation is a kind of plastic deformation process which can eliminate void defects. When the forging ratio reaches 2.2, the void can be welded completely and the tensile strength can be restored to the level of the matrix. With the increase of compression deformation, the stress will increase sharply, especially at the grain boundary. In addition, the main void welding mechanism of 30Cr2Ni4MoV steel is the recrystallization and grain growth mechanism. Recrystallization and grain growth are of great significance for promoting the reduction of void volume and realizing metallurgical bonding of the interface.
The association between hydration status and body composition in healthy children and adolescents
Authors: Clayton Priscilla , Trak-Fellermeier María Angélica , Macchi Alison , Galván Rodolfo , Bursac Zoran , Huffman-Ercanli Fatma , Liuzzi Juan , Palacios Cristina 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Children 10–20 years old in the US are currently obese, showing suboptimal hydration as 60% fail to meet the US Dietary Reference Intakes for water. Studies have shown a significant inverse association between hydration status and body composition in children, although most failed to use the Dual-X-Ray Absorptiometry Scan (DEXA), the gold standard for body composition. Limited studies used an objective marker to measure hydration, such as urine specific gravity (USG) from a 24-h urine collection. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between hydration status (measured from USG in a 24-h urine sample and assessed from three 24-h dietary recalls) and body fat % and lean mass (assessed from a DEXA scan) in children (10–13 years, n=34) and adolescents (18–20 years, n=34).

Methods
Body composition was measured using DEXA, total water intake (mL/d) was assessed from three 24-h dietary recalls and analyzed using the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR). Hydration status was objectively measured using USG via 24-h urine collection.

Results
Overall body fat % was 31.7 ± 7.31, total water intake was 1746 ± 762.0 mL/d, and USG score was 1.020 ± 0.011 uG. Linear regressions showed significance between total water intake and lean mass (B=12.2, p<0.05). Logistic regressions showed no significant association between body composition and USG and total water intake.

Conclusions
Findings showed total water intake was significantly associated with lean mass. Future research should be conducted to explore other objective markers of hydration and with a larger sample.
Binet's second formula, Hermite's generalization, and two related identities
Authors: Boyack Rufus 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Legendre was the first to evaluate two well-known integrals involving sines and exponentials. One of these integrals can be used to prove Binet’s second formula for the logarithm of the gamma function. Here, we show that the other integral leads to a specific case of Hermite’s generalization of Binet’s formula. From the analogs of Legendre’s integrals, with sines replaced by cosines, we obtain two integration identities involving logarithms and trigonometric functions. Using these identities, we then subsequently derive generalizations of Binet’s and Hermite’s formulas involving the integral of a complex logarithm.
Racism and Related Concepts in the Russian Linguistic Consciousness
Authors: Denisova-Schmidt Elena , Markovina Irina 
Published: April 2023

Summary
This paper discusses one approach to investigating the concept of racism and related concepts in the linguistic image of the world of Russian language users. It focuses on the collection of data (associative experiments) and its psycholinguistic interpretation as well as on the theories behind the experiments, including the theory of linguistic consciousness (teorija jazykovogo soznanija). The study outcomes suggest that Russian language users condemn racism but express this condemnation in a culturally specific way, which might lead to significant misunderstandings and conflicts in the international context.
Zur Syntax der polnischen Leichten Sprache
Authors: Radünzel Claudia 
Published: April 2023

Summary
Easy Language as a means for communicative accessibility is designed for use by people with communication impairments and low literacy skills in general, e. g. persons with intellectual disability, functional illiterates or individuals with dementia. Compared to standard written Polish, the complexity of this variety is reduced on all linguistic levels. The present article deals with the level of syntax and follows on from a previous study concerning the syntax of Easy-to-read Russian. It aims to contribute to the linguistically substantiated elaboration of Easy-to-read Polish by submitting suggestions for avoiding complex syntactic structures. Various subgroups of clause constructions and complex sentences are included. It turns out that the endeavour to make sentences as short, simple and comprehensible as possible is quite complex and certainly not easy. The presented suggestions await further discussion among linguists as well as systematic testing with target groups of Easy-to-read Polish. Since Easy Language has been implemented in Polish legislation, it is to be expected that this fact will result in an amplification of Easy-to-read text offers in the future. Therefore, there is a need for more intensive research in the field of Easy Language that can be seen as crucial in enabling people with disabilities and other persons with reading difficulties to fully enjoy the fundamental right to information and participation in social life.
Impact of COVID-19 on the Sense of Job Security Among Community Pediatric Hospitalists
Authors: Kim Tae Yeon , Jackson Kelsey , Marek Rachel , Kumar Shelley , Fromme H. Barrett 
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVES
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic offers a prime opportunity to examine the ability of community pediatric hospital medicine programs to respond to external stressors. This study aims to characterize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on compensation and furlough among community pediatric hospitalists, as well as self-reported sense of job security.

METHODS
This study was part of a larger quantitative project investigating community pediatric hospitalists’ career motivators. The survey was drafted through an iterative process by the authors. It was disseminated via e-mail to a convenience sample of community pediatric hospitalists obtained through direct contact with community pediatric hospital medicine programs. Data were collected on changes in compensation and furlough because of COVID-19, as well as worry about job security measured as self-reported worry about one’s job being permanently terminated on a 5-point Likert scale.

RESULTS
Data were collected from 31 hospitals across the United States with 126 completed surveys. Because of COVID-19, many community pediatric hospitalists experienced reduced base pay and benefits and a minority experienced furlough. Nearly two-thirds (64%) reported some worry about job security. Initial base pay reduction, working in suburban areas compared with rural areas, and affiliation with a university-based center or free-standing children’s hospital were significantly associated with greater worry about job security.

CONCLUSIONS
The initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in changes in compensation and furlough for some community pediatric hospitalists and many expressed concerns about job security. Future studies should identify protective factors for community pediatric hospitalists’ job security.
“Beauty of the Person” According to Karol Wojtyła (Ontology and Experience)
Authors: Radziechowski Dariusz 
Published: April 2023

This paper outlines the essential core of Karol Wojtyła’s thought on beauty. By introducing the central category of “beauty of the person”, Wojtyła essentially integrated and ordered therewith all the other meanings of the term. Whatever is beautiful in an adequate sense is also morally good. As far as human beauty is concerned, Wojtyła pointed out that it is differentiated by gender, i.e. female beauty and male beauty, and by “layers,” i.e. external beauty (aesthetic, sensual and bodily beauty) and, more importantly, internal beauty, which constitutes the beauty of a person as a person. Outer beauty allows a person to be noticed, to be discovered, but in love one cannot stop at outer beauty (the temptation to treat the body as a possible object of use). For love is love of the whole person, not only of his or her beautiful body and sexual attractiveness. A specific issue is the analysis of the creation of beautiful things, which at the same time are imprinted in the interior of man and – as long as man does not give in to the egoistic “temptation of self-emptying” – bear witness to his “immortality.”
E-Commerce Markets of the USA, Russia, and China: Outlook and Trends
Authors: Регент Т.М. , Глинкина О.В. 
Published: April 2023

Проведен анализ рынков электронной коммерции трех стран: Китая, США и России. На основе анализа выявлены перспективы развития этого сегмента экономики и сформирован список трендов, которые будут набирать свою популярность в ближайшие годы.
The authors analyze the e-commerce markets in three countries: China, the USA and Russia. Based on the analysis, the prospects for the development of this segment of the economy have been identified and a list of trends that will gain popularity in the coming years has been compiled.
Solving the Problem of Blocking Foreign Financial Assets of Russian Investors
Authors: Соломатина Т.Б. , Серков Д.С. 
Published: April 2023

Рассматривается проблема блокировки иностранных финансовых активов российских инвесторов и санкции, введенные с 2014 года по настоящее время против российского финансового сектора, повлиявшие на инвесторов. Приводится классификация этих санкций. Анализируются шаги, предпринятые Национальным расчетным депозитарием и Санкт-Петербургской биржей для разблокировки иностранных активов российских инвесторов, которые привели к разблокировке 10% активов. Сформулированы предложения по разблокировке оставшейся части иностранных активов российских инвесторов.
The article addresses the problem of blocking foreign fi nancial assets of Russian investors. The sanctions imposed from 2014 to the present against the Russian financial sector, which affected investors, are considered in detail. The classification of these sanctions is carried out. The authors analyze steps taken by the National Sett lement Depository and the St. Petersburg Stock Exchange to unlock foreign assets of Russian investors, which helped to unblocking of 10% of assets. The article proposes measures to unblock the remaining part of the Russian investors’ foreign assets.
Evaluating Change Behaviour Training Model for Improving Nutrition Knowledge and Counseling Skill among Peer Couselors in Malang District
Authors: Muslihah Nurul , Habibie Intan Yusuf , Maulidana Annisa Rizky , Kurniasari Netty Dyah , Farida Bunga , Harini Ririn 
Published: April 2023

Capacity strengthening and interpersonal communication are important in social behavior change communication and would support accelerating the reduction of stunting in Indonesia. Participating actively in learning during the training model can increase capacity among the family support team and the community health workers as peer counselors. The study evaluated the changed behavior training model for nutrition knowledge and counseling skill among peer counselors. The nutrition training using active participation learning was conducted through participants' small discussions on complementary feeding problems and counseling practice. The total participation is 125 from family support teams and community health workers. The study used a mixed methodology with cross-sectional study and open interviews to explore perceived participant training on child feeding problem and couseling skills. A pre-post evaluation of nutrition knowledge showed a significant improvement score (p<0.005). At the end of the training, participants' nutrition knowledge score increased to 17 points, and the proportion of the high category of nutrition knowledge improved from 0.4% to 13.5% (p<0.005). The change behavior training model can increase counseling skills and identify barrier factors of breastfeeding and complementary feeding among peer counselors.
MANAJEMEN KEGIATAN EKSTRAKURIKULER ROBOTIK DI SMA NEGERI 28 JAKARTA
Authors: Aini Putri Indah Nur , Santosa Heru , Supadi Supadi 
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan pengawasan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler Robotik di SMAN 28 Jakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November 2019 hingga bulan Januari 2020 dengan objek penelitian di SMAN 28 Jakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan beberapa pedoman diantaranya pedoman wawancara mendalam, studi dokumentasi, dan observasi.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) Proses perencanaan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler Robotik dilakukan satu tahun sekali melalui rapat tahunan. (2) Pelaksanaan ekstrakurikuler Robotik dilaksanakan setiap hari Jumat pukul 15.00–Selesai. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di ruang robotik, ruang prestasi, dan ruang audio visual. Materi yang diajarkan dalam kegiatan ekstrakurikuler robotik meliputi pelatihan materi dan materi yang tertuang dalam program kerja. (3) Pengawasan Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler Robotik di SMAN 28 Jakarta dilakukan setiap diadakannya kegiatan dengan melakukan pengawasan langsung. Hal ini betujuan memastikan bahwa kegiatan dilakukan sesuai dengan prosedur. Pengawasan dilakukan oleh wakil kepala sekolah bidang kesiswaan, Pembina, pelatih kegiatan ekstrakurikuler robotik SMAN 28 Jakarta dan orang tua. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam proses pengawasan yaitu ketika pihak sekolah tidak dapat mengawasi pelaksanaan kegiatan ektrakurikuler robotik SMAN 28 Jakarta, namun kendala tersebut dapat diatasi dengan adanya kerjasama antara pihak sekolah dan orang tua.