bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of 4 drain configurations on fluid dispersal and retrieval in an instillation model
Authors: Bates Miriam , Risselada Marije , Moore George E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe and compare the pattern of fluid dispersal and retrieval in a novel instillation therapy system.Study designIn vitro experimental study.MethodsA 10 cm2 square model was constructed using plastic sheeting secured to plexiglass, with a wound infusion catheter and Jackson‐Pratt (JP) active suction drain positioned in 4 configurations: parallel, perpendicular, diagonal, and opposite. Fluid was instilled using the wound infusion catheter, allowed to dwell for 10 min, and retrieved using the JP drain. Two surface area calculations were made using imaging software: coloration with diluted methylene blue (MB) on photos, and filling with diluted contrast on fluoroscopic images. Fluid retrieval was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using a mixed‐effects linear model (p < .05).ResultsConfiguration influenced fluid dispersion within the model (p = .0001); the diagonal configuration had the greatest surface area coverage (mean ± SD; 94.5 ± 2.4%) and the parallel configuration had the lowest surface area coverage (60.2 ± 2.9%). A dwell period increased fluid dispersal by an average of 4.0 ± 0.8% (p < .0001). Fluid retrieval exceeded 16.7 ± 1.5 mL (83.5 ± 7.5% volume instilled) for all configurations and was 0.5 ± 0.1 mL (2.5 ± 0.5% volume instilled) greater for MB than contrast agent (p < .0001).ConclusionPerpendicular or diagonal configurations and low‐viscosity fluid maximized fluid dispersion and retrieval.Clinical significanceWound instillation therapy involves delivering lavage fluid or medications to a closed wound space. This is feasible using a wound‐infusion catheter and active suction drain. Configuration should be considered to optimize fluid dispersal and retrieval when planning instillation therapy.
Evaluation and Modification of Kinetic Gas Collision Theory as Applied to Encounter Rate Dynamics for Multi-Robot Groups and Robot Swarms
Authors: Schroeder Adam , Lipscomb Glenn 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Robots encountering other robots in a group can be beneficial, e.g., to exchange information, or detrimental, e.g., obstructing one another from operating. Kinetic gas theory (KGT) provides a statistical mechanical analysis of the collision rate between molecules. KGT has been applied to model robot encounter rates but there has been some inconsistency in how it has been applied to robot groups. There is a nine order of magnitude difference in size between a typical robot and molecule, so it is not a surprise that some adjustments may need to be made when considering robots instead of molecules. This work develops a model in detail by applying KGT, articulates limitations of applying this theory to robots, highlights inconsistencies in how it has been previously applied to robots, and suggests modifications to the model. A simple numerical study is also shown to validate the model and highlight the effect of differences in the implementation. The most important gap that this research has identified is the need to collect data on the magnitude and direction distribution of robots' velocities. Robots move and behave differently than gas molecules, whose velocity magnitude follow a Boltzmann distribution. A second major result is the connection of the KGT-based model developed in this work and previous research on robot encounter rate which independently arrived at the same relationship between robot size, number of robots, and encounter rate.
Hierarchical MPM-ANN Multiscale Terrain Model for High-Fidelity Off-Road Mobility Simulations: A Coupled MBD-FE-MPM-ANN Approach
Authors: Chen Guanchu , Yamashita Hiroki , Ruan Yeefeng , Jayakumar Paramsothy , Gorsich David , Knap Jaroslaw , Leiter Kenneth W. , Yang Xiaobo , Sugiyama Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA new hierarchical multiscale terrain model is developed using the material point method (MPM) to enable effective modeling of large terrain deformation for high-fidelity off-road mobility simulations. Unlike the Lagrangian finite element (FE) model, MPM allows for modeling large deformation of a continuum without mesh distortion using material points as moving quadrature points for the background grid. This unique feature is extended to account for complex granular soil material behavior with the hierarchical multiscale modeling approach in the context of off-road mobility simulations. The grain-scale discrete-element (DE) representative volume element (RVE) and its neural network surrogate model (artificial neural network (ANN) RVE) are developed and introduced to the upper-scale MPM model through the scale-bridging algorithm. The DE RVE is used to generate training data for the ANN RVE, allowing for predicting the history-dependent grain-scale soil material behavior efficiently at every material point that moves through the upper-scale MPM background grid. A numerical procedure for modeling the interaction of the nonlinear FE tire model with the MPM-ANN multiscale terrain model is developed considering moving soil patches generalized for the upper-scale MPM terrain model. It is fully integrated into the general off-road mobility simulation framework by leveraging scalable high-performance computing techniques. The predictive ability of the proposed MPM-ANN multiscale off-road mobility model is examined and validated against the full-scale vehicle test data, involving large deformation of soft terrain. The computational benefit from the neural network surrogate model is also demonstrated.
Supporting Coach Learning in Paralympic Sport: Rich Environments for Innovation
Authors: Askew Georgia A. , Pinder Ross A. , Renshaw Ian , Gorman Adam D. 
Published: March 2023

In this insight article, we aim to challenge current thinking regarding coaching and spark new ideas by demonstrating how high-performance Paralympic sport contexts provide rich environments for innovation. We propose an innovative approach to enhance coach learning and introduce coaches and practitioners to three interconnected areas of opportunity emerging in research: (a) reframing the role and harnessing the work of skill acquisition specialists, (b) the use of a design thinking approach, and (c) the implementation of technology-enhanced learning. Specifically, we demonstrate how using these three strategies can better facilitate cocreated coach learning in situ. Whilst we acknowledge that each of these areas is not necessarily new, we propose that when addressed and applied collectively by practitioners they can provide effective and efficient coach learning opportunities, where the result of the integration of ideas means the impact can be greater than simply the sum of the parts. We highlight how this approach has emerged out of challenging high-performance Paralympic sport contexts, and could have impact on research, practice, and coach development experiences across a wider range of contexts along the performance pathway in both Paralympic and nondisabled sports.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Survivors
Authors: Caru Maxime , Curnier Daniel , Dubois Pierre , Friedrich Matthias G. , Andelfinger Gregor , Krajinovic Maja , Laverdière Caroline , Sinnett Daniel , Périé Delphine 
Published: March 2023

Background: Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors’ anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity could be prevented with good cardiorespiratory fitness levels and regular physical activity. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity with cardiac magnetic resonance parameters. Methods: A total of 96 childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors underwent a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test and answered physical activity questionnaires. We calculated the odds ratio of the preventive fraction of regular physical activity (≥150 min/wk) and adequate cardiorespiratory fitness levels (above the median ≥31.4 mL·kg−1·min−1) on cardiac magnetic resonance parameters (left ventricular [LV] and right ventricular [RV] morphological and functional parameters). Results: An adequate cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with a significant preventive fraction for LV (up to 84% for LV end-diastolic volume) and RV volumes (up to 88% for RV end-systolic volume). The adjusted analyses highlighted a preventive fraction of 36% to 91% between an adequate cardiorespiratory fitness and LV and RV parameters, late gadolinium enhancement fibrosis, and cardiac magnetic resonance relaxation times. No associations were reported with regular physical activity. Conclusions: This study provides additional evidence regarding the benefits of an adequate cardiorespiratory fitness level for childhood cancer survivors’ cardiac health.
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting in-hospital mortality of elderly patients with persistent sepsis-associated acute kidney injury in intensive care units: a retrospective cohort study using the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Jiang Wei , Zhang Chuanqing , Yu Jiangquan , Shao Jun , Zheng Ruiqiang 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo identify the clinical risk factors that influence in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with persistent sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (S-AKI) and to establish and validate a nomogram to predict in-hospital mortality.DesignRetrospective cohort analysis.SettingData from critically ill patients at a US centre between 2008 and 2021 were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database (V.1.0).ParticipantsData from 1519 patients with persistent S-AKI were extracted from the MIMIC-IV database.Primary outcomeAll-cause in-hospital death from persistent S-AKI.ResultsMultiple logistic regression revealed that gender (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.45–0.88), cancer (2.5, 1.69–3.71), respiratory rate (1.06, 1.01–1.12), AKI stage (2.01, 1.24–3.24), blood urea nitrogen (1.01, 1.01–1.02), Glasgow Coma Scale score (0.75, 0.70–0.81), mechanical ventilation (1.57, 1.01–2.46) and continuous renal replacement therapy within 48 hours (9.97, 3.39–33.9) were independent risk factors for mortality from persistent S-AKI. The consistency indices of the prediction and the validation cohorts were 0.780 (95% CI: 0.75–0.82) and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.75–0.85), respectively. The model’s calibration plot suggested excellent consistency between the predicted and actual probabilities.ConclusionsThis study’s prediction model demonstrated good discrimination and calibration abilities to predict in-hospital mortality of elderly patients with persistent S-AKI, although it warrants further external validation to verify its accuracy and applicability.
Successful quality improvement project to increase hydroxyurea prescriptions for children with sickle cell anaemia
Authors: Alvarez Ofelia A , Rodriguez-Cortes Hector , Clay E Leila Jerome , Echenique Sandra , Kanter Julie , Strouse John J , Buitrago-Mogollon Talia , Courtlandt Cheryl , Noonan Laura , Osunkwo Ifeyinwa 
Published: March 2023

Hydroxyurea (HU) is an effective but underused disease-modifying therapy for patients with sickle cell anaemia (SCA). EMBRACE SCD, a sickle cell disease treatment demonstration project, aimed to improve access to HU by increasing prescription (Rx) rates by at least 10% from baseline in children with SCA.The Model for Improvement was used as the quality improvement framework. HU Rx was assessed from clinical databases in three paediatric haematology centres. Children aged 9 months–18 years with SCA not on chronic transfusions were eligible for HU treatment. The health belief model was the conceptual framework to discuss with patients and promote HU acceptance. A visual aid showing erythrocytes under the effect of HU and the American Society of Hematology HU brochure were used as educational tools. At least 6 months after offering HU, a Barrier Assessment Questionnaire was given to assess reasons for HU acceptance and refusals. If HU was declined, the providers discussed with family again. We conducted chart audits to find missed opportunities to prescribe HU as one plan–do–study–act cycle.At initial measurement, 50.2% of 524 eligible patients had HU prescribed. During the testing and initial implementation phase, the mean performance after 10 data points was 53%. After 2 years, the mean performance was 59%, achieving an 11% increase in mean performance and a 29% increase from initial to the last measurement (64.8% HU Rx). During a 15-month period, 32.1% (N=168) of the eligible patients who were offered HU completed the barrier questionnaire with 19% (N=32) refusing HU, mostly based on not perceiving enough severity of their children’s SCA or fearing side effects.Reviewing patient charts for missed opportunity of offering HU with feedback and evaluating the reasons of declining HU via a questionnaire were key components in increasing HU Rx in our population.
Military occupation and testicular germ cell tumour risk among US Air Force servicemen
Authors: Denic-Roberts Hristina , McGlynn Katherine , Rhee Jongeun , Byrne Celia , Lang Michael , Vu Paul , Purdue Mark , Rusiecki Jennifer 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTesticular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) are the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among active duty US military servicemen. Occupational risk factors may play a role in TGCT aetiology, although the evidence is inconclusive. The objective of our study was to investigate associations between military occupations and TGCT risk among US Air Force (USAF) servicemen.MethodsThis nested case–control study among active duty USAF servicemen obtained information on military occupations for 530 histologically confirmed TGCT cases diagnosed during 1990–2018 and 530 individually matched controls. We determined military occupations using Air Force Specialty Codes ascertained at two time points: at case diagnosis and at a time point on average 6 years earlier. We computed adjusted ORs and 95% CIs from conditional logistic regression models to evaluate associations between occupations and TGCT risk.ResultsThe mean age at TGCT diagnosis was 30 years. Increased TGCT risk was observed for pilots (OR=2.84, 95% CI: 1.20–6.74) and servicemen with aircraft maintenance jobs (OR=1.85, 95% CI: 1.03–3.31) who held those jobs at both time points. Fighter pilots (n=18) and servicemen with firefighting jobs (n=18) at the time of case diagnosis had suggestively elevated TGCT odds (OR=2.73, 95% CI: 0.96–7.72 and OR=1.94, 95% CI: 0.72–5.20, respectively).ConclusionsIn this matched, nested case–control study of young active duty USAF servicemen, we found that pilots and men with aircraft maintenance jobs had elevated TGCT risk. Further research is needed to elucidate specific occupational exposures underlying these associations.
Representation of s-process abundances for comparison to data from bulk meteorites
Authors: Lugaro Maria , Ek Mattias , Pető Mária , Pignatari Marco , Makhatadze Georgy V. , Onyett Isaac J. , Schönbächler Maria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAnalysis of bulk meteorite compositions has revealed small isotopic variations due to the presence of material (e.g., stardust) that preserved the signature of nuclear reactions occurring in specific stellar sites. The interpretation of such anomalies provides evidence for the environment of the birth of the Sun, its accretion process, the evolution of the solar proto-planetary disk, and the formation of the planets. A crucial element of such interpretation is the comparison of the observed anomalies to predictions from models of stellar nucleosynthesis. To date, however, this comparison has been limited to a handful of model predictions. This is mostly because the calculated stellar abundances need to be transformed into a specific representation, which nuclear astrophysicists and stellar nucleosynthesis researchers are not familiar with. Here, we show in detail that this representation is needed to account for mass fractionation effects in meteorite data that can be generated both in nature and during instrumental analysis. We explain the required internal normalisation to a selected isotopic ratio, describe the motivations behind such representation more widely, and provide the tools to perform the calculations. Then, we present some examples considering two elements produced by the slow neutron-capture (s) process: Sr and Mo. We show which specific representations for the Sr isotopic composition calculated by s-process models better disentangle the nucleosynthetic signatures from stars of different metallicity. For Mo, the comparison between data and models is improved due to a recent re-analysis of the $$^{95}$$

95

Mo neutron-capture cross section.
Multiscalar-torsion cosmology: exact and analytic solutions from noether symmetries
Authors: Dialektopoulos K. , Leon G. , Paliathanasis A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Noether symmetry analysis is applied in a multiscalar field cosmological model in teleparallel gravity. In particular, we consider two scalar fields with interaction in scalar-torsion theory. The field equations have a minisuperspace description, and the evolution of the physical variables depends on the potential function that drives the scalar fields’ dynamics. With the requirement for the field equations to admit non-trivial Noether point symmetries and the use of the first theorem of Noether, we constrain all the functional forms for the potential. Finally, we apply symmetry vectors and the corresponding conservation laws to determine exact and analytic solutions in multiscalar-torsion cosmology.
Diagrammatic analysis of hidden- and open-charm tetraquark production in B decays
Authors: Qin Qin , Qiu Jing-Liang , Yu Fu-Sheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDiscoveries of tetraquarks not only enrich the hadronic spectrum but also provide more platforms to understand quantum chromodynamics. We study the production processes of hidden-charm and open-charm tetraquarks in B decays by analyzing their topological amplitudes. Relations between different channels are found, which confront tests by experiments to probe the nature of the tetraquarks. Furthermore, promising channels to find more tetraquarks are proposed.
Dyon production from near-extremal Kerr–Newman–(anti-)de Sitter black holes
Authors: Chen Chiang-Mei , Kim Sang Pyo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUsing the enhanced symmetry in the near-horizon region of the near-extremal dyonic Kerr–Newman (KN) black hole in the (A)dS space, we find the exact solutions for dyonic charged scalar field in terms of the hypergeometric function and explicitly compute the Schwinger effect for the emission of electric and/or magnetic charges. The emission formula confirms a universal factorization of the Schwinger formula in the AdS$$_2$$

2

and another Schwinger formula in the two-dimensional Rindler space determined by the effective temperature and the Hawking temperature with the chemical potentials of electric and/or magnetic charges and the angular momentum. The emission of the same species of charges from the KN black hole is enhanced in the AdS boundary while it is suppressed in the dS boundary. In addition, the dragging of particles in the KN black hole diminishes the emission of charges in both AdS and dS spaces. The AdS geometry of near-horizon gives the Breitenloher–Freedman (BF) bound, within which the stability of dyonic KN black holes is guaranteed against both the emission of charges and Hawking radiation.
Anisotropic charged stellar models with modified Van der Waals EoS in f(Q) gravity
Authors: Ditta Allah , Tiecheng Xia , Errehymy Abdelghani , Mustafa G. , Maurya S. K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper is based on the study of compact stars in the context of electric fields and the nonmetricity effects of gravity. Due to this, we are motivated to build stellar models based on spherically symmetric space-time in f(Q) gravity. The space-time solution is obtained by Durgapal and Bannerji (Phys Rev D 27:328–331,1983) potential along with modified Van der Waals equation of state (EoS) $$p_r=\eta \rho ^2+ \frac{\beta \rho }{\gamma \rho +1}$$

p
r

=
η

ρ
2

+

β
ρ

γ
ρ
+
1

by introducing a specific form of electric charge function $$q(r)=kr^3$$

q

(
r
)

=
k

r
3

. In order to validate our charge model, we used observational data from the literature for celestial objects like Her X-1, 4U 1538-52, SAX J1808.4-3658, and SMC X-1. Furthermore, we have also retrieved the uncharged effects of gravity for the model SMC X-1 by taking $$k=0$$

k
=
0

. Our present physical analysis shows that all the obtained features for the present solution are in excellent agreement with the viable model as far as observational data is concerned.
Experimental evaluation of baselines for forecasting social media timeseries
Authors: Ng Kin Wai , Mubang Frederick , Hall Lawrence O. , Skvoretz John , Iamnitchi Adriana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractForecasting social media activity can be of practical use in many scenarios, from understanding trends, such as which topics are likely to engage more users in the coming week, to identifying unusual behavior, such as coordinated information operations or currency manipulation efforts. To evaluate a new approach to forecasting, it is important to have baselines against which to assess performance gains. We experimentally evaluate the performance of four baselines for forecasting activity in several social media datasets that record discussions related to three different geo-political contexts synchronously taking place on two different platforms, Twitter and YouTube. Experiments are done over hourly time periods. Our evaluation identifies the baselines which are most accurate for particular metrics and thus provides guidance for future work in social media modeling.
Extrachromosomal Amplification of Human Papillomavirus Episomes Is a Mechanism of Cervical Carcinogenesis
Authors: Rossi Nicole M. , Dai Jieqiong , Xie Yi , Wangsa Darawalee , Heselmeyer-Haddad Kerstin , Lou Hong , Boland Joseph F. , Yeager Meredith , Orozco Roberto , Freites Enrique Alvirez , Mirabello Lisa , Gharzouzi Eduardo , Dean Michael 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
HPV16 is the most oncogenic type of human papillomaviruses (HPV). Integration of HPV into the human genome is an important mechanism of carcinogenesis but is absent in at least 30% of HPV16+ tumors. We applied long-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to cervical cancer cell lines and tumors to characterize HPV16 carcinogenesis in the absence of integration. Large tandem arrays of full-length and unique truncated viral genomes integrated into multiple chromosomes were identified in two HPV16+ cell lines. The dispersion of characteristic viral variants to multiple integration sites indicates that viral deletions formed as extrachromosomal DNA (a phenomenon we term HPV superspreading). In addition, we identified an HPV16+ cell line with unintegrated (episomal) DNA that has tandem arrays of full-length, truncated, and rearranged HPV16 genomes (multimer episomes). Cytogenetic analysis of this cell line shows intense extrachromosomal HPV staining, including structures resembling double-minute chromosomes. WGS of HPV16+ cervical tumor samples from Latin America revealed that 11 of 20 tumors with only episomal HPV (EP) had intact monomer episomes. The remaining nine EP tumors had multimer and rearranged HPV genomes. The majority (80%) of HPV rearrangements and deletions disrupted the E1 and E2 genes, and EP tumors overexpressed the E6 and E7 viral oncogenes, a similar profile to tumors with HPV integration. Tumors with putative multimer HPV integrations display HPV multimers and concatemers of human and viral sequences. Our data uncovered a novel mechanism for HPV16 to cause cancer without integration through aberrant episomal replication, forming rearranged, mutated, and multimer episomes.

Significance:
Multimers of the HPV genome are generated in cervical tumors replicating as extrachromosomal episomes, which is associated with deletion and rearrangement of the HPV genome and provides a mechanism for oncogenesis without integration.