bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the relationship between incisor torque and profile aesthetics in patients having orthodontic extractions compared to non-extractions
Authors: Tepedino Michele , Esposito Rosa , Potrubacz Maciej Iancu , Xhanari Doniano , Ciavarella Domenico 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between soft tissues aesthetics and incisor torque, as well as the effect of crowding, anchorage, and extraction pattern, in adult patients treated without extraction or with two or four extractions.

Materials and methods
Seventy-seven subjects with permanent dentition were selected retrospectively. Among these, 24 patients were treated with four extractions, 24 with two extractions and 29 without extractions. Lateral cephalograms and photographies taken before (T0) and after (T1) treatment were retrieved. The amount of crowding and the type of anchorage were recorded, and a cephalometric analysis was performed. A one-way ANOVA was used to compare the variables within and between groups. Linear regressions were performed to evaluate the effect of different predictors on soft tissues variables at T1.

Results
The statistical analysis showed no differences within and between groups for soft tissue aesthetics. A significant reduction of the angle obtained from the intersection of Frankfurt plane and mandibular plane was observed in the four-extractions group, and a significant proclination of the lower incisors was observed in the two-extraction group. Linear regressions revealed that the change in soft tissue profile aesthetics was affected by the type of anchorage and the two-extractions pattern.

Conclusions
Similar soft tissue aesthetics were observed after treatment in the three groups, despite the presence of some skeletal and dental differences.

Clinical relevance
A well-controlled incisor torque helps to preserve soft tissues aesthetics. The type of anchorage could influence soft tissues.
Resection of the contrast-enhancing tumor in diffuse gliomas bordering eloquent areas using electrophysiology and 5-ALA fluorescence: evaluation of resection rates and neurological outcome—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Peters David R. , Halimi Floriana , Ozduman Koray , Levivier Marc , Conti Alfredo , Reyns Nicolas , Tuleasca Constantin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIndependently, both 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) have been shown to improve outcomes with high-grade gliomas (HGG). The interplay and overlap of both techniques are scarcely reported in the literature. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on the concomitant use of 5-ALA and intraoperative mapping for HGG located within eloquent cortex. Using PRISMA guidelines, we reviewed articles published between May 2006 and December 2022 for patients with HGG in eloquent cortex who underwent microsurgical resection using intraoperative mapping and 5-ALA fluorescence guidance. Extent of resection was the primary outcome. The secondary outcome was new neurological deficit at day 1 after surgery and persistent at day 90 after surgery. Overall rate of complete resection of the enhancing tumor (CRET) was 73.3% (range: 61.9–84.8%, p < .001). Complete 5-ALA resection was performed in 62.4% (range: 28.1–96.7%, p < .001). Surgery was stopped due to mapping findings in 20.5% (range: 15.6–25.4%, p < .001). Neurological decline at day 1 after surgery was 29.2% (range: 9.8–48.5%, p = 0.003). Persistent neurological decline at day 90 after surgery was 4.6% (range: 0.4–8.7%, p = 0.03). Maximal safe resection guided by IONM and 5-ALA for high-grade gliomas in eloquent areas is achievable in a high percentage of cases (73.3% CRET and 62.4% complete 5-ALA resection). Persistent neurological decline at postoperative day 90 is as low as 4.6%. A balance between 5-ALA and IONM should be maintained for a better quality of life while maximizing oncological control.
Tumor immune microenvironment and clinical outcomes in stage IV urothelial cancer: YODO study
Authors: Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Tsuzuki Toyonori , Ohyama Chikara , Matsuyama Hideyasu , Shinozaki Kenta , Hayashi Yuko , Hayashi Nobuya , Koto Ryo , Shin Eisei , Ogawa Osamu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Bladder cancer is the 10th most common cancer globally, with a growing incidence in Japan. Evaluation of molecular, genetic, and cellular biomarkers that predict treatment response and prognosis in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) may help optimize sequential treatment strategies with chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Methods
This multicenter, retrospective cohort study, evaluated programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and cancer-immune phenotype as predictive prognostic biomarkers following first-/second-line treatment in Japanese adult patients with mUC. The primary endpoint was prevalence of PD-L1 expression. Secondary endpoints were TMB, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) from initiation of first-line treatment, and exploratory endpoints were cancer-immune phenotype, OS, PFS, and treatment response according to potential biomarker status.

Results
Of the 143 patients included (mean age 71.7 years), PD-L1 expression was high in 29.4% of patients. Non-synonymous TMB was high in 33.6% and low in 66.4%. Cancer-immune phenotype was immune-desert in 62.9%, immune-excluded in 30.8%, and inflamed in 6.3%. Median OS and PFS following first-line treatment were 18.2 and 7.4 months, respectively. Overall response to second-line treatment was slightly better with high versus low/negative PD-L1 expression. PD-L1 expression and TMB were non-significant predictors of OS or PFS, whereas immune-excluded phenotype was associated with better OS in comparison with immune-desert phenotype.

Conclusion
PD-L1 expression and TMB were non-significant predictors of prognosis after first-line treatment in Japanese patients with mUC, but cancer-immune phenotype may be an important prognostic factor in chemotherapy-ICI sequential treatment strategies.
Clinical trial registration number UMIN000037727.
Evaluating the risk factors for the development of benign disorders of defaecation: a surgical perspective
Authors: Chaichanavichkij P. , Hartmann M. , Scott S. M. , Fenton N. , Knowles C. H. ,   Disorders of Defaecation Delphi Group, Carrington E. V. , Chew C. , Curry A. , Gorissen K. , Morris S. , Siddiqi S. , Williams A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
There remains uncertainty as to which risk factors are important for the development of defaecatory problems as a result of heterogeneity of published evidence. Understanding the impact of risk factors may be important in selecting targets for disease prevention or reversal. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate risk factors for faecal incontinence and chronic constipation.

Methods
Risk factors for chronic constipation and faecal incontinence were long-listed from scientific literature, then anonymously evaluated (by 50 predominantly colorectal surgical experts from the UK Pelvic Floor Society) using a Delphi technique. Each risk factor was rated as independent, a co-factor, or not a risk factor. Independent risk factors were rated between 1 (not important) and 10 (critically important) with mean (± standard deviation) calculated.

Results
Thirty-eight risk factors for chronic constipation were evaluated. Eighteen were classed as independent and 16 as co-factors. Opioid analgesia (7.87 ± 2.05), eating disorders (7.80 ± 1.72), and history of abuse (7.70 ± 1.89) were scored as most important independent risk factors. Female sex (6.60 ± 2.02) was considered an independent risk factor but increasing age was rated a co-factor. Thirty-three risk factors for faecal incontinence were evaluated. Twenty were classed as independent and eight as co-factors. Third- or fourth-degree tear (8.88 ± 1.57), instrumental delivery (8.47 ± 1.58), and grand multiparity (8.00 ± 1.63) were rated most important. Increasing age (7.41 ± 2.14) and female sex (7.58 ± 2.05) were both considered independent risk factors.

Conclusions
Several risk factors for chronic constipation and faecal incontinence were selected by Delphi approach. These factors will feed forward into Bayesian models of disease prediction that combine data and expert knowledge.
Climate risk and the nexus of clean energy and technology stocks
Authors: Bouri Elie , Dudda Tom L. , Rognone Lavinia , Walther Thomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe examine the impact of climate risks on the nexus of clean energy and technology stocks using a time-varying correlation model. We find that physical and transition climate risks are positively associated with the long-term correlation between clean energy and technology stock indices, whereas the effect of transition risk is more robust to different sample periods and alternative stock indices. On the contrary, the short-term correlation tends to decrease after shocks to physical risk, since clean energy stocks react more strongly to physical risk shocks than technology stocks.
Nonconvex multi-period mean-variance portfolio optimization
Authors: Wu Zhongming , Xie Guoyu , Ge Zhili , De Simone Valentina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we address the problem of long-term investment by exploring optimal strategies for allocating wealth among a finite number of assets over multiple periods. Based on the classical Markowitz mean-variance philosophy, we develop a new portfolio optimization framework which can produce sparse portfolios. The sparsity of the portfolio at each and across periods is characterized by the possibly nonconvex penalties. For the constructed nonconvex and nonsmooth constrained model, we propose a generalized alternating direction method of multipliers and its global convergence to a stationary point can be guaranteed theoretically. Moreover, some numerical experiments are conducted on several datasets generated from practical applications to illustrate the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed model and solving method.
Sea level rise adaptation pushes an insular endemic rodent closer to extinction
Authors: Taillie Paul J. , Sneckenberger Sandra , Perry Neil , Anderson Chad , Kalasz Kevin , McCleery Robert A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUnderstanding how species will respond to a rapidly changing global climate is requisite to conserving biodiversity. Though habitat losses from human development and land use change remain the most critical threats to biodiversity globally, some regions, such as low-lying islands, are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Despite this vulnerability, there may be opportunities for imperiled species on islands to adapt to the effects of climate-induced sea level rise. To understand how the response to rising seas may influence the amount of future habitat, we investigated shifts in the elevational range of the endangered silver rice rat (Oryzomys palustris natator; hereafter “rice rat”), a species endemic to tidal environments of the Lower Florida Keys, USA. We quantified fine-scale habitat use using radio telemetry of collared animals, first in 2004, and again in 2021, thus spanning a 17-year period during which the local sea level rose by 0.142 m. We observed a shift in the elevational range limits of rice rats which closely mirrored the rise in sea level, and that this apparent ability to adapt to rising sea level decreased the extent of habitat loss in subsequent decades. However, over longer time scales (~ 100 yrs), the extent of habitat loss from sea level rise outpaced rice rats’ ability to adapt. As such, the conservation of biodiversity on low-lying islands hinges on the ability of the global community to decrease anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the associated consequences for the global climate. Otherwise, conservation practitioners will be increasingly forced to make difficult decisions about how to conserve imperiled species on low-lying islands.
Quantifying hormone receptor status in lobular breast cancer in an institutional series: the relationship between estrogen and progesterone receptor status and outcomes
Authors: Clelland Elle N. , Rothschild Harriet T. , Patterson Anne , Molina-Vega Julissa , Kaur Mandeep , Symmans W. Fraser , Schwartz Christopher J. , Chien A. Jo , Benz Christopher C. , Mukhtar Rita A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Recent guidelines defined a new reporting category of ER-low-positive breast cancer based on immunohistochemistry (IHC). While low positivity of either hormone receptor is uncommon in invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), we sought to investigate whether relatively low hormone receptor positivity was associated with tumor characteristics and patient outcomes in a single institutional cohort.

Methods
We searched an institutional database for cases of stage I-III ILC with available IHC reports. Based on prior published categories in ILC, ER was classified as low, medium, or high as defined by ER staining of 10–69%, 70–89%, and ≥ 90% respectively. PR low and high tumors were defined by < 20%, or ≥ 20% staining respectively. We used chi-squared tests, t-tests, and Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate associations between ER/PR categories and tumor characteristics or disease-free survival (DFS).

Results
The cohort consisted of 707 ILC cases, with 11% of cases categorized as ER low, 15.1% as medium, and 73.8% as high. The majority (67.6%) were PR high. Patients with ER low/medium expression were significantly younger, and more likely to also have PR low and/or HER2 positive tumors compared to those that were ER high. In a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for age, stage, grade, pleomorphic histology, and treatment, ER category was not prognostic for DFS, but PR negative and PR low status each had significantly worse DFS compared to PR high status (HR 3.5, 95% CI 1.8–6.7, p < 0.001; and HR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.5, p = 0.015, respectively).

Conclusion
These findings highlight the relevance of quantifying ER and PR within ILC.
Impact of analysis of the sentinel lymph node by one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) compared to conventional histopathology on axillary and systemic treatment: data from the Dutch nationwide cohort of breast cancer patients
Authors: van Haaren Elisabeth R. M. , Poodt Ingrid G. M. , Spiekerman van Weezelenburg Merel A. , van Bastelaar James , Janssen Alfred , de Vries Bart , Lobbes Marc B. I. , Bouwman Lee H. , Vissers Yvonne L. J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The outcome of the sentinel lymph node in breast cancer patients affects adjuvant treatment. Compared to conventional histopathology, analysis by one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) harvests more micrometastasis, potentially inducing overtreatment. In this study we investigated the impact of OSNA analysis on adjuvant treatment, compared to histopathological analysis.

Methods
Data from T1–3 breast cancer patients with sentinel nodes analysed between January 2016 and December 2019 by OSNA (OSNA group, n = 1086) from Zuyderland Medical Centre, the Netherlands, were compared to concurrent data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR) where sentinel nodes were examined by histology (histology group, n = 35,143). Primary outcomes were micro- or macrometastasis, axillary treatments (axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) or axillary radiotherapy (ART)), chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy. Statistics with Pearson Chi-square.

Results
In the OSNA group more micrometastasis (14.9%) were detected compared to the histology group (7.9%, p < 0.001). No difference in axillary treatment between groups was detected (14.3 vs. 14.4%). In case of mastectomy and macrometastasis, ALND was preferred over ART in the OSNA group (14.9%) compared to the histology group (4.4%, p < 0.001). In cases of micrometastasis, no difference was seen. There was no difference in administration of adjuvant chemotherapy between groups. Endocrine treatment was administrated less often in the OSNA group compared to the histology group (45.8% vs. 50.8%, p < 0.002).

Conclusion
More micrometastasis were detected by OSNA compared to histopathology, but no subsequent increase in adjuvant axillary and systematic treatment was noticed. When performing mastectomy and OSNA, there was a preference for ALND compared to ART.
Parent to Offspring Fear Transmission via Modeling in Early Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nimphy Cosima Anna , Venetikidi Marianna , Elzinga Bernet , van der Does Willem , Aktar Evin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInfants can acquire fears vicariously by observing parents’ fearful reactions to novel stimuli in everyday situations (i.e., modeling). To date, no systematic or meta-analytic review examined the role of modeling in parent–child transmission of fear and avoidance in early life. In our systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the effect of modeling parents’ fearful reactions on infants’ acquisition of fear and avoidance of novel stimuli and explore the moderation of this effect by child behavioral inhibition (BI) and parent trait anxiety. The search conducted in Web Of Science, Pubmed, Embase, and PsycINFO revealed 23 eligible studies for the systematic review and 19 for the meta-analysis. Eligible studies included published studies that measured infant fear and avoidance (infants aged up to 30 months) of novel stimuli following exposure to parental fearful expressions. Meta-analysis findings revealed a significant causal effect of modeling of parental fear on infants’ fear [g = .44] and avoidance of novel stimuli [g = .44]. The findings support moderation by child BI on infant avoidance (not fear) acquisition, with the effects being larger for infants with higher BI. However, this moderation was only found, when including both experimental and correlational studies (p > .05), but not when exclusively including experimental studies (p = .17). This meta-analysis provides support for early parent-to-offspring fear transmission: a causal small to medium effect of parents’ fearful reactions was shown on infants’ fear and avoidance of novel stimuli. Elucidating parent-to-offspring anxiety transmission pathways can inform us about potential fear reduction and prevention strategies.
Nonlinear domain-decomposition preconditioning for robust and efficient field-scale simulation of subsurface flow
Authors: Møyner Olav , Rasmussen Atgeirr F. , Klemetsdal Øystein , Nilsen Halvor M. , Moncorgé Arthur , Lie Knut-Andreas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe discuss a nonlinear domain-decomposition preconditioning method for fully implicit simulations of multicomponent porous media flow based on the additive Schwarz preconditioned exact Newton method (ASPEN). The method efficiently accelerates nonlinear convergence by resolving unbalanced nonlinearities in a local stage and long-range interactions in a global stage. ASPEN can improve robustness and significantly reduce the number of global iterations compared with standard Newton, but extra work introduced in the local steps makes each global iteration more expensive. We discuss implementation aspects for the local and global stages. We show how the global-stage Jacobian can be transformed to the same form as the fully implicit system, so that one can use standard linear preconditioners and solvers. We compare the computational performance of ASPEN to standard Newton on a series of test cases, ranging from conceptual cases with simplified geometry or flow physics to cases representative of real assets. Our overall conclusion is that ASPEN is outperformed by Newton when this method works well and converges in a few iterations. On the other hand, ASPEN avoids time-step cuts and has significantly lower runtimes in time steps where Newton struggles. A good approach to computational speedup is therefore to adaptively switch between Newton and ASPEN throughout a simulation. A few examples of switching strategies are outlined.
Factors affecting parental intention to use AI-based social robots for children’s ESL learning
Authors: Lin Guan-Yu , Jhang Ciao-Chun , Wang Yi-Shun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe use of AI-based social robots has been shown to be beneficial for learning English as a Second Language (ESL). Not much is known, however, about the drivers of parental intention to use those robots in support of their children’s ESL learning. This study aims to explore the factors that drive parental intention to adopt AI-based social robots for children’s ESL learning. The research model is proposed based on the theories and literature regarding motivations, product smartness, personality traits and physical risk perception. Data collected from 315 participants are analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The results show that utilitarian and hedonic motivations positively affect parental intention to adopt AI-based social robots. In addition, utilitarian motivation is influenced by robots’ autonomy and parental personal innovativeness, while hedonic motivation is influenced by robots’ autonomy and humanlike interaction, and parental personal innovativeness. From the findings, important implications for promoting parental intention to adopt AI-based social robots in children’s ELS learning are offered.
Local Knowledge, Perceptions, and Uses of the Potentially Conflict-Generating Plant Species, Moringa oleifera Lam.: A case Study in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Mashamaite Chuene Victor , Albien Anouk Jasmine , Mothapo Palesa Natasha , Pieterse Petrus Jacobus , Phiri Ethel Emmarantia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMoringa oleifera Lam. is listed In South Africa as Species Under Surveillance for Possible Eradication or Containment Targets (SUSPECT) under the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act 10 of 2004 (NEM:BA), although it is widely used in some communities. We conducted this study to investigate local ecological knowledge (LEK) and perceptions about moringa in the rural communities of Limpopo Province (South Africa). We used a structured questionnaire and open-ended interviews with 106 informants to gather ethnobotanical data associated with utilisation and perceptions of moringa. We found that moringa is generally perceived positively and is used primarily for medicinal purposes, its nutrition value, as livestock feed, and for skin care. Most participants (76%) were unaware that moringa is an alien species and disagreed with NEM:BA regulations to restrict its spread or to eradicate it entirely due to the benefits they associate with it. We argue that listing moringa as SUSPECT could fuel conflict between rural communities that use it and management authorities. Rather, we would urge policymakers to adopt a holistic approach to sustainable conservation strategies that incorporates LEK in future planning.
Effect of carbon quantum dots and Zn2+ ion on perovskite solar cells
Authors: Hussien Hadeer , Ghatass Zekry , Hassan M. S. , Soliman Moataz , Ebrahim Shaker 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have a great attention due to their remarkable performance and a high-quality perovskite film is necessary to achieve high power conversion efficiency (PCE). The effect of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and Zn2+ ions on perovskite layer of methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) was investigated. The optical, structural, and morphological properties of perovskite films with different Zn2+ ratios and CQDs contents were investigated. It was observed that 1% ZnCl2 /0.05 mg/mL CQDs perovskite film composed of uniform grains distribution, complete surface coverage with negligible pinholes, and a larger grain size of 1.8 μm. In addition, it was found that increasing CQDs contents to 0.1 and 0.25 mg/mL enlarged the grain size to ~ 4.2 μm. Moreover, the incorporation of CQDs enhanced crystallinity and grain size. Consequently, these improvements were reflected on the solar cell performance and the efficiency of PSCs with additive of 1% ZnCl2-0.05 mg/mL CQDs was improved from 4.21 to 8.08%.