bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posttraumatic stress disorder, suicide, and unintended overdose death in later life: A national cohort study of veterans aged 50 and older
Authors: Clark Ryan , Kuffel Randall L. , Neylan Thomas C. , Maguen Shira , Li Yixia , Boscardin W. John , Byers Amy L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground/objectivesAlthough studies have shown posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) associated with risk of suicide, the relationship in later life, especially for overdose death, remains unclear. Thus, the aim of the current study was to determine associations between PTSD, suicide, and unintended overdose death in mid‐ to late‐life.MethodsA nationwide cohort study integrating Department of Veterans Affairs' (VA) data, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services data, and national cause‐specific mortality data. Participants were US veterans aged ≥50 years with PTSD diagnoses at baseline (2012–2013) and were propensity‐matched 1:1 with patients without PTSD based on sociodemographics, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and neuropsychiatric disorders (N = 951,018). Information on suicide attempts and unintended death by overdose through December 31, 2017 was provided by the VA's National Suicide Prevention Applications Network (non‐fatal attempts) and Mortality Data Repository (death).ResultsVeterans with PTSD (N = 475,509) had increased risk of suicide attempt (Hazard Ratio [HR], 1.59; 95% CI, 1.54–1.65; p < 0.001), non‐fatal attempt (HR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.67–1.81; p < 0.001), drug overdose death overall (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.22–1.42; p < 0.001), and suicide overdose death (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.15–1.80; p = 0.002), even after adjusting for sociodemographics, Charlson comorbidity index, and neuropsychiatric disorders. We found increased risk for overdose death by narcotics (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.15–1.46; p < 0.001), antiepileptic/sedative‐hypnotics (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.02–1.62; p = 0.032), and for other/unspecified drugs (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.20–1.51; p < 0.001), the last category indicative of polydrug. Results remained robust when examined for unintentional, suicide, and undetermined intent for cause‐specific death by other/unspecified drugs.ConclusionsPTSD persists throughout mid‐ to late‐life with considerable increased risk for non‐fatal suicide attempts and suicide overdose death. These findings suggest the importance of drug‐monitoring in preventing late‐life suicide.
Injury‐related emergency department use among assisted living residents with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
Authors: Hua Cassandra L. , Cornell Portia Y. , White Elizabeth M. , Thomas Kali S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundInjuries are a leading cause of emergency department (ED) visits among older adults, and individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) may be at particular risk. We compared injury‐related ED use among assisted living (AL) residents with and without ADRD and assessed differences in the risk of injury‐related ED visits among individuals with ADRD residing in ALs with memory care designation versus general AL.MethodsUsing Medicare claims, we identified a cohort of fee‐for‐service beneficiaries who lived in AL in 2018 and resided in one of 20 states with site‐specific information on memory care designation (n = 116,754). Outcomes included all injury‐related ED visits and injury‐related ED visits resulting in hospitalization in the calendar year 2018. We fit multilevel models of the association between ADRD and outcomes, adjusting for resident demographic characteristics and chronic conditions, license type characteristics, and AL characteristics, with random intercepts at the AL and license type levels. Among residents with ADRD, we examined whether memory care licensure was associated with injury‐related ED visits.ResultsThe adjusted risk of injury‐related ED use during the year was 20.1% (95% CI: 19.6%, 20.6%) for residents with ADRD compared to 16.1% for residents without ADRD (95% CI: 15.7%, 16.5%; p < 0.001). The adjusted risk of injury‐related ED use ending in hospitalization was 4.9% (95% CI: 4.6%, 5.1%) for AL residents with ADRD and 3.9% for residents without ADRD (95% CI: 3.8%, 4.1%; p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in injury‐related ED visits between residents with ADRD in ALs with memory care designation and residents in general AL.ConclusionsInjury‐related ED visits are common among AL residents with ADRD and residents in memory care, but residents in memory care AL experienced similar risks of injury as those in general AL. Further research should identify modifiable factors that can prevent injury among AL residents with ADRD.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcomes of dogs and cats at a veterinary teaching hospital before and after publication of the RECOVER guidelines
Authors: Dazio V. E. R. , Gay J. M. , Hoehne S. N. 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesTo describe and compare cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcomes at a Swiss veterinary teaching hospital before and after publication of the Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation guidelines.Materials and MethodsBetween 2018 and 2020, hospital staff underwent various types of yearly Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation‐based cardiopulmonary resuscitation trainings. Canine and feline cardiopulmonary resuscitation events during that period (post‐Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation) and between 2010 and 2012 (pre‐Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation) were identified and animal, arrest and outcome variables recorded retrospectively.ResultsEighty‐one animals were included in the pre‐Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation group and 190 in the post‐Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation group. Twenty‐three percent in the pre‐Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation group and 28% in the post‐Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation group achieved return of spontaneous circulation and 1% and 4% survived to hospital discharge, respectively. Patients undergoing anaesthesia [odds ratio 4.26 (1.76 to 10.27)], elective [odds ratio 5.16 (1.06 to 25.02)] or emergent surgery [odds ratio 3.09 (1.20 to 8.00)], or experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) due to arrhythmias [odds ratio 4.31 (1.44 to 12.93)] had higher odds of return of spontaneous circulation, while those with unknown cause of CPA [odds ratio 0.25 (0.08 to 0.78)] had lower odds. Undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the post‐Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation period was not statistically significantly associated with return of spontaneous circulation [odds ratio 1.38 (0.68 to 2.79)].Clinical SignificanceUnchanged odds of return of spontaneous circulation observed in this study could suggest that once‐yearly cardiopulmonary resuscitation training is insufficient, effects of animal and tertiary referral hospital variables confounded results, guideline benefit is limited, or that compliance during clinical cardiopulmonary resuscitation efforts is too poor for guideline recommendations to have a positive impact.
Association between sleep and problematic behaviours in gifted children: a polysomnographic study
Authors: Bastien Laurianne , Théoret Rachel , Godbout Roger 
Published: December 2022

SummaryNeurological uniqueness, maladaptive behaviours, as well as atypical sleep patterns are reported to be defining characteristics of giftedness, but this has received little empirical support. We studied the polysomnography recorded sleep of gifted and typically‐developing children together with features of maladaptive behaviours. The association of sleep macrostructure and sleep instability with maladaptive behaviours was also investigated in gifted children. In all, 19 gifted children (74% boys) and 17 typically‐developing children (76% boys) aged 6–12 years were studied. Giftedness was identified using Renzulli's three‐factor definition. The microarousal index, number of awakenings, and number of Stage shifts between sleep stages throughout the night were computed as sleep instability parameters. Maladaptive behaviours were assessed using the Child Behaviour Checklist. We found significantly more Stage N1 and less Stage N3 in gifted children compared to typically‐developing children. More Stage N1 sleep was correlated with more externalising problems and less Stage N3 sleep was correlated with more internalising problems. Gifted children also displayed more rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, but this was not significantly correlated with behavioural scales. Gifted children displayed two opposing trends of sleep instability: more instability involving N1 sleep and less instability involving N2, N3 and REM sleep. More total Stage shifts were correlated with more internalising and externalising problems. The results of this study provide initial evidence of polysomnography‐based characteristics of giftedness. Further studies are needed to explore common pathways linking sleep alterations and maladaptive behaviours in children with giftedness.
The effect of wearable‐delivered sleep interventions on sleep outcomes among adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lai Min Yi Calida , Mong Mei Siew Andrea , Cheng Ling Jie , Lau Ying 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aims of the review were to (i) evaluate the effectiveness of wearable‐delivered sleep interventions on sleep outcomes among adults, and (ii) explore the effect of factors affecting total sleep time. Eight databases were searched to identify relevant studies in English from inception until December 23, 2021. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2.0 and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) criteria were used to assess the risk of bias and certainty of the evidence, respectively. Twenty randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, involving 1608 adults across nine countries. Wearable‐delivered sleep interventions elicited significant improvement of 1.96 events/h for the oxygen desaturation index and 3.13 events/h for the respiratory distress index. Meta‐analyses found that wearable‐delivered sleep interventions significantly decreased sleep disturbance (Hedges'g[g] = −0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.59, −0.15) and sleep‐related impairment (g= −1.06, 95% CI: −1.99, −0.13) versus the comparators. The wearable‐delivered sleep interventions may complement usual care to improve sleep outcomes. More rigorous RCTs with a long‐term assessment in a wide range of populations are warranted.
The Safety Assessment of Irrigation Fluid Management for Shoulder Arthroscopy and Its Effect on Postoperative Efficacy
Authors: Zhuang Chengyu , Yang Renhao , Xu Yang , Song Yanyan , Zhang Yin , Liu Jingfeng , Yang Fan , Huang Xiaohong , Liu Jia , Wang Xiaoning , Wang Ying , Wang Lei 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveFluid extravasation is a potentially dangerous complication associated with shoulder arthroscopy. Most relevant studies have involved respiratory system, while the primary purpose was to reveal the effects of the fluid extravasation on cardiovascular system and postoperative function.MethodsThe clinical data of 92 patients was retrospective analyzed, in which 84 cases with rotator cuff injury, three cases with shoulder instability, three cases with fractures of the greater tuberosity of the humerus, and two cases with frozen shoulder. All the patients were undergoing shoulder arthroscopy. The relationship between the basic information of the patients and cardiac index (CI) or pulse pressure variation (PPV) were evaluated by linear regression analysis. The change of CI or PPV at different states were evaluated by the one‐way analysis of variance. The liquid retention (TR) and postoperative clinical outcomes was analyzed using linear regression.ResultsThe preoperative CI was affected by anesthesia status and body position, while PPV was not affected. Multivariate mixed‐effects model analysis of CI found that there was a statistically significant difference in groups of older than 55 years old and those with obesity (BMI > 24). After the operation, the retention of irrigation fluid significantly influenced the circumference of the deltoid (P < 0.001 (95%CI: [0.30, 1.00])), but not on the circumference of the deltoid, neck, and arm. The multivariate analysis of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgery (ASES) scores at 3 and 6 months after surgery showed that the fluid retention volume was correlated with the ASES score at 3 months after surgery, especially when the retention volume was greater than 2 L (P = 0.001 (95%). %CI: [−12.49, −3.22]).ConclusionThe retention of irrigation fluid after shoulder arthroscopic surgery causes swelling of local limbs, and has an effect on peripheral blood vessels, which is mainly reflected in its influence on PPV and the postoperative function. Therefore, surgeons need to improve their surgical technique, shorten the operation time and reduce fluid retention.
Combined Deflection Angle Classification: A Novel Typing System of Adult Femoral Neck Fracture
Authors: Zhang Ying , Yuan Qiang , Wei Qiushi , Dong Yiping , Liu Youwen , He Wei , Jing Zhenhao , Zhang Leilei , Wang Haibin , Li Wuyin 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveFemoral neck fracture (FNF) is a common clinical trauma with high mortality and disability rates. Furthermore, its incidence increases exponentially with increasing age. Existing classifications have some disadvantages. Thus, this study aimed to establish a novel typing system for FNF.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed all adult patients with FNF admitted to our hospital between December 2015 and November 2017 for cannulated screw internal fixation. The study population was divided into the femoral varus offset group (VAR) and the valgus offset group (VAL). The data collected included sex, age, affected side, injury mode, body mass index, complications, pelvic incidence (PI), hip deflection angle (HDA), combined deflection angle (CDA), and neck shaft angle. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the correlation between complications and deviation angles. A novel typing system was developed and compared with the Garden classification to detect its superiority.ResultsA total of 108 patients were recruited, with 59 patients in the VAR and 49 patients in the VAL groups. The incidence of complications in the VAR group was significantly higher than that in the VAL group (P < 0.05). Moreover, there were more male participants in the VAR group. Compared with the VAL group, the VAR group had significantly higher PI, HDA, and CDA (P < 0.05). The CDA classification (CDAC) was defined, with CDA as the main criterion and HDA as the supplementary criterion. Furthermore, there was a hierarchical correlation between the actual incidence of complications and the typing level, which was increased in CDAC but not in the Garden classification. This showed that CDAC was more accurate.ConclusionA novel typing system, CDAC, for FNF was established, which was more accurate than the Garden classification. We suggest combining CDAC and Garden classifications for the preoperative diagnosis, treatment selection, and prognostic evaluation for patients with FNF.
Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha inhibitors and acne fulminans: Friend or foe?
Authors: Barry Kelly K. , Neale Holly D. , Hawryluk Elena B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAcne fulminans (AF) is an uncommon variant of inflammatory acne with abrupt eruption of painful nodules, pustules, and hemorrhagic ulcerations, often associated with systemic symptoms. Paradoxical adverse reactions to tumor necrosis (TNF)‐alpha inhibitors have been reported, and rare cutaneous complications include pyoderma gangrenosum, Sweet syndrome‐like hypersensitivity eruptions, and pustular folliculitis. We report an unusual case of AF in a patient with Crohn disease that worsened with doses of adalimumab, which is considered a second‐line treatment for AF. This case highlights that acneiform eruptions may be an underreported paradoxical adverse reaction to anti‐TNF alpha therapy.
Electing to Take Control: Political Identification and Personal Control
Authors: Greenaway Katharine H. 
Published: December 2022

Engaging in the political process is one way that individuals can exert control over society in general. Yet, emerging research suggests that engaging with political groups also helps people feel more in control of the course of their own lives. The present research examined whether this is always the case, using the natural experiment afforded by political events to probe the psychological mechanisms underpinning the relationship between group identification and personal control. Two cross‐sectional studies conducted immediately after the 2016 Presidential election (total N = 752) and one longitudinal study conducted immediately before and after the 2020 Presidential election (N = 743) investigated the relationship between political group identification and personal control. Together, the studies tested whether this relationship is weakened under conditions of low agency (i.e., in a group that lost the election) and low predictability (i.e., immediately following a surprise election outcome). The results suggest that the relationship between political identification and personal control is robust except in the case of low agency and low predictability. The studies contribute to understanding the processes that link group‐level political factors with individual‐level psychological outcomes.
Effects of time delay and blood storage methods on analysis of canine venous blood samples with an Element point‐of‐care analyzer
Authors: Rincon Angie A. , Wurlod Virginie A. , Liu Chin‐Chi , Smith M. Ryan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundManufacturers of point‐of‐care (POC) analyzers recommend immediate processing and anaerobic collection of blood samples. However, it is not uncommon for clinical scenarios to result in delayed sample processing or room air exposure that could impact the test results.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of time delay and sample storage method on key POC analytes in canine venous blood samples processed with an Element POC analyzer.MethodsBlood gas analysis was performed on venous blood samples at times 0 (T0), 15, 30, and 60 minutes after sampling using three different storage methods: preheparinized plastic syringes and two different lithium heparin tubes. To determine clinical relevance, results were compared with allowable total error of the respective parameter. Significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsSignificant differences between the three storage methods at baseline were found for partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), base excess, and total hemoglobin. No significant differences up to T60 were found within collection methods for actual bicarbonate (HCO3−), base excess, sodium, potassium, chloride, ionized calcium (iCa), glucose, and BUN. Significant differences within collection methods were found after T0 for creatinine, after 15 minutes for lactate, and after 30 minutes for pH and hematocrit. No significant differences were found for PO2 in samples stored in preheparinized plastic syringes at any time point.ConclusionsThese results suggest that HCO3−, sodium, potassium, chloride, iCa, glucose, and BUN are comparable within the three storage methods for up to 60 minutes after sampling without resulting in clinically relevant changes.
Interaction of Two Coaxial Penny-Shaped Cracks Near an Arbitrarily Graded Interface in Functionally Graded Materials: Exact and Approximate Solutions
Authors: Chen X. W. , Yue Z. Q. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Multiple cracks interaction is an important topic in fracture mechanics. The related solutions are helpful to understand the failure process and the toughening mechanism of brittle materials. Previous works on the topic were most for homogenous material. In this paper, we extend the analysis and examine the problem of interaction of two coaxial penny-shaped cracks near an arbitrarily graded interface in functionally graded materials (FGMs). The cracks are modelled as circular edge dislocation loops. An efficient dislocation solution for FGMs and Fredholm integral equation technique are used to solve the crack problem. Both exact solution using a system of integral equations and approximate solution by virtue of Kachanov’s method are presented. Unlike most existing analytical treatments to the crack problems in FGMs with the assumption of special gradation, i.e., graded shear modulus according to special functions and constant Poisson’s ratio, the present method is more flexible since it can consider arbitrarily graded shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio. The validity of the present solutions is checked by comparing to existing results in literatures for two stacked penny-shaped cracks in homogenous material and a penny-shaped crack near a graded interface with exponentially graded shear modulus. Finally, a practical example of double cracks interaction in a real epoxy-glass FGM with measured data of material properties is considered. The error due to the assumption of special gradation is also discussed.
The Effects of Hub Profile on the Aerodynamics of Integrated Intermediate Turbine Ducts
Authors: Hou Jiangdong , Zhou Chao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The integration design of the intermediate turbine ducts (ITDs) with the first row of the low-pressure turbine vane can significantly reduce the length of the turbine section, thus reducing the weight and drag of the aero-engine. This paper investigates the effects of the hub profile on the aerodynamic performance of integrated ITDs (IITDs). The flow features and loss mechanism of four IITDs are studied by experimental, numerical, and theoretical methods. In the baseline case, an open corner separation occurs near the hub-suction surface corner, which results in a significant loss. The loss is broken down into the parts generated by the mean vortex and turbulence theoretically. The open corner separation causes significant turbulence loss. To reduce the size of the separation zone, the positive radial/spanwise pressure gradient near hub is increased by moving the hub profile near the vane rear part slightly downward. As a result, a small closed corner separation with three-dimensional topology occurs instead of the open corner separation in the baseline case. The corner shape factor is defined to quantitatively describe the closed corner separation. When the hub profile moves further downward, the loss due to the corner separation reduces, but the loss generated in the vane passage away from hub increases mainly due to the mixing as the low-momentum flow near the hub transports toward the mid span. The change of the overall loss is subject to the combination of the two effects, and should be balanced during the design process.
Retrieval-extinction of drug memory requires AMPA receptor trafficking
Authors: Lv Xinyou , Zhang Junjie , Yuan Ti-Fei 
Published: December 2022

Disruption of drug-associated memory reduces relapse. Transient memory retrieval facilitates the upcoming extinction of addiction memory, while the neural basis for this beneficial outcome remains unelucidated. Here, we report that AMPA receptor trafficking acts as the central component for retrieval-extinction–based drug memory intervention. Drug memory retrieval transiently reduces AMPA receptor–mediated synaptic transmission in prefrontal cortical neurons (lasting for 2 to 4 hours) through rapid removal of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors from the synapse, which returned to basal state level after 6 hours. The receptor trafficking is orchestrated by dopamine D1 but not D2 receptor signaling. Blocking AMPA receptor trafficking abolishes retrieval-extinction–mediated addiction memory degradation. These results reveal the molecular mechanism underlying the efficacy of transient memory retrieval on helping to erase addiction memory and support targeting the prefrontal cortex to reduce relapse (e.g., with noninvasive brain stimulation).