bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptance and attitude of Lebanese lawyers and medical students toward surrogate pregnancy: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nawfal Rashad , Kassem Jad , Sayegh Lea Nicole , Haddad Antony , Azzi Marly , Salameh Pascale , Tarabey Lubna , Abou-Mrad Fadi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Little is known about the acceptance of specific populations of decision makers in Lebanon regarding surrogacy. This study aimed to explore the acceptance and attitude of Lebanese Lawyers and Medical Students regarding surrogacy.

Methods
In total 248 medical students and 204 lawyers completed a questionnaire to assess socio-demographic data, attitude toward surrogacy, and three different clinical scenarios to assess patterns of thinking. Finally, we validated a scale to assess the acceptance of surrogacy in these two populations.

Results
Concerning medical students, 54.8% reported they were supportive of surrogacy, 35.1% were neutral and 10.1% were against. For lawyers, 52.9% were supportive, 25% were neutral and 22.1% were against. Lawyers were more likely to be against surrogacy (p = 0.001).
After conducting a multivariate analysis on the whole studied population to find predictors of acceptance of surrogacy, the best predictors were being single (OR 0.415; 95% CI 0.228, 0.753; p < 0.01), a supportive reported attitude regarding surrogacy (OR 5.464; 95% CI 3.65, 8.13; p < 0.001) and believing that surrogacy is a solution worth discussing in Lebanon (OR 4.186; 95% CI 1.709, 10.256; p < 0.01).
Concerning the clinical scenarios, they showed that lawyers were more likely to oppose abortion regardless of the reason (p < 0.01). Also, in a case of gestational surrogacy, lawyers were more likely to give the right to the gestational carrier to keep the baby compared to medical students (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
In conclusion, this study shows that only a minority of medical students and lawyers in Lebanon oppose surrogate pregnancy which warrants exploration of the perspective of other populations of decision makers in Lebanon to better guide legislations.
Novel nanoadjuvants balance immune activation with modest inflammation: implications for older adult vaccines
Authors: Ross Kathleen A. , Tingle April M. , Senapati Sujata , Holden Kaitlyn G. , Wannemuehler Michael J. , Mallapragada Surya K. , Narasimhan Balaji , Kohut Marian L. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Age-associated impairments of immune response and inflammaging likely contribute to poor vaccine efficacy. An appropriate balance between activation of immune memory and inflammatory response may be more effective in vaccines for older adults; attempts to overcome reduced efficacy have included the addition of adjuvants or increased antigenic dose. Next generation vaccine formulations may also use biomaterials to both deliver and adjuvant vaccine antigens. In the context of aging, it is important to determine the degree to which new biomaterials may enhance antigen-presenting cell (APC) functions without inducing potent inflammatory responses of APCs or other immune cell types (e.g., T cells). However, the effect of newer biomaterials on these cell types from young and older adults remains unknown.

Results
In this pilot study, cells from young and older adults were used to evaluate the effect of novel biomaterials such as polyanhydride nanoparticles (NP) and pentablock copolymer micelles (Mi) and cyclic dinucleotides (CDN; a STING agonist) on cytokine and chemokine secretion in comparison to standard immune activators such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and PMA/ionomycin. The NP treatment showed adjuvant-like activity with induction of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and select chemokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of both young (n = 6) and older adults (n = 4), yet the degree of activation was generally less than LPS. Treatment with Mi or CDN resulted in minimal induction of cytokines and chemokine secretion with the exception of increased IFN-α and IL-12p70 by CDN. Age-related decreases were observed across multiple cytokines and chemokines, yet IFN-α, IL-12, and IL-7 production by NP or CDN stimulation was equal to or greater than in cells from younger adults. Consistent with these results in aged humans, a combination nanovaccine composed of NP, Mi, and CDN administered to aged mice resulted in a greater percentage of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells and greater effector memory cells in draining lymph nodes compared to an imiquimod-adjuvanted vaccine.

Conclusions
Overall, our novel biomaterials demonstrated a modest induction of cytokine secretion with a minimal inflammatory profile. These findings suggest a unique role for biomaterial nanoadjuvants in the development of next generation vaccines for older adults.
Insights into SARS-CoV-2-associated subacute thyroiditis: from infection to vaccine
Authors: Ziaka Mairi , Exadaktylos Aristomenis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSince the COVID-19 emergence as a global pandemic in March 2020, more than 5 million SARS-CoV-2-related deaths have been globally documented. As the pandemic progressed, it became clear that, although the infection is mainly characterized as a respiratory disease, it also affects other organs and systems, including the thyroid gland. Indeed, emerging evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 can act as a trigger for various thyroid disorders, for example, subacute thyroiditis (SAT), Grave’s disease, and non-thyroidal illness syndrome. The entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells is mainly mediated by the ACE2-receptor, making organs and systems with high expression of this receptor, such as the thyroid gland, highly vulnerable to COVID-19. Accumulating data propose that SAT may be an underestimated manifestation of COVID-19 infection. Importantly, if SAT remains unrecognized, it may trigger or aggravate potential other complications of the disease, for example, respiratory insufficiency and cardiovascular complications, and thus negatively influence prognosis. Moreover, recent case reports, case series, and systematic reviews highlight SAT as a potential side effect of the vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The present review aims to raise awareness of SARS-CoV-2-associated- and post-vaccination subacute thyroiditis, to discuss recent evidence regarding its pathophysiology, and to present useful information for this special form of SAT related to daily clinical practice.
Advocacy counterstrategies to tobacco industry interference in policymaking: a scoping review of peer-reviewed literature
Authors: Matthes Britta K. , Kumar Praveen , Dance Sarah , Hird Tom , Carriedo Lutzenkirchen Angela , Gilmore Anna B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere has been remarkable tobacco control progress in many places around the globe. Tobacco industry interference (TII) has been identified as the most significant barrier to further implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). Civil society has been recognised as a key actor in countering TII. While TII has been extensively studied for several decades now, there is little research that focuses on counteractions to limit it and their effectiveness to do so. This scoping review seeks to map the peer-reviewed literature on civil society’s activities of countering TII in policymaking to identify common counterstrategies and assess their effectiveness.MethodsData sources: We searched Embase, IBSS, JSTOR, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science using the following terms: (“Tobacco industry” OR “Tobacco compan*”) AND. (“corporate political activity” OR “CPA” OR “lobbying” OR “interference”) AND (“advoca*” OR “counter*” OR “activi*”), without time or language restrictions. Study selection: Our selection criteria included peer-reviewed studies that were written in English, German, or Spanish that drew on primary data and/or legal and policy documents and reported at least one specific example of civil society members or organisations countering tobacco industry action-based strategies. Data extraction: Advocates’ counterstrategies were analysed inductively and countered industry strategies were analysed using the Policy Dystopia Model (PDM). Perceptions of effectiveness of countering attempts were analysed descriptively.ResultsWe found five common counterstrategies among 30 included papers covering five WHO regions; 1. Exposing industry conduct and false claims; 2. Accessing decision-makers; 3. Generating and using evidence; 4. Filing a complaint or taking legal action; 5. Mobilising coalition and potential supporters. These counterstrategies were used to work against a wide range of industry strategies, which are captured by five action-based strategies described in the PDM (Coalition Management, Information Management, Direct Access and Influence, Litigation, Reputation Management). While some studies reported the outcome of the countering activities, their impact remained largely underexplored.ConclusionThe review shows that peer-reviewed literature documenting how civil society actors counter TII is scarce. It suggests that advocates employ a range of strategies to counter TII in its different forms and use them flexibly. More work is needed to better understand the effects of their actions. This could stimulate discussions about, and facilitate learning from, past experiences and help to further enhance advocates’ capacity.
Are we happy with our work in globalization? Globalization experience, achievement motivation, and job seniority as predictors of work satisfaction in a group of office workers
Authors: Filipkowski Jakub , Derbis Romuald 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The main aim of this study was to determine whether globalization experience is a predictor of work satisfaction. In addition, we inspected a regression model consisting of globalization experience, job seniority, and goal achievement to determine how much variance in work satisfaction is accounted for by globalization experience. Most the theoretical texts about globalization suggest its negative impact on everyday life. The negative effects are – work–life balance problem, weakening of mechanisms to protect against the fear of death, and uncertainty.

Method
250 office workers participated in the study (Mage = 38.37; 145 females and 105 males). They responded to paper-and-pencil anonymous questionnaires measuring globalization experience, achievement goals, and work satisfaction. Respondents were also asked about their job seniority. We used Spearman’s rho correlations and multiple linear regression to check the basic linear relation between variables, and hierarchical multiple regression to determine which of them is the strongest predictor of work satisfaction.

Results
The results indicated that globalization experience (R2 change = 0.089; p < .05) is a statistically significant negative predictor of work satisfaction and job seniority (R2 change = 0.056; p < .05) while achievement goals (R2 change = 0.188; p < .001) are positive predictors of work satisfaction.

Conclusion
We concluded that further research on globalization experience is necessary because it is the precursory individualistic approach to globalization research and we obtained a statistically significant yet small relation with work satisfaction in correlation and regression analyses. The presented results are also the rationale for promoting mastery approach goals in the workplace to improve work satisfaction as they are statistically significant positive predictors of it.
Enhancing global health diplomacy for non-communicable diseases: application of the global health network framework
Authors: Afshari Mahnaz , Teymourlouy Ahmad Ahmadi , Maleki Mohammadreza , Asadi-Lari Mohsen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background and aim
Understanding the characteristics of global policy actors and the political context in which they address diplomatic issues in the field of NCDs can play an important role in advancing NCD-related goals. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the network of global health actors in the field of NCDs in Iran.

Methods
This study was conducted in 2020 using a qualitative methodology and framework analysis. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with subject-matter experts from all levels of diplomacy, including global, regional, and national, who had managerial, administrative, and academic experience.

Findings
A total of 21 interviews were conducted with individuals who met the inclusion criteria. Following the framework of the World Health Network, the findings were divided into three general areas: the features of the network and the actors; the policy environment; and the characteristics of the issue.

Conclusion
A successful and sustainable program to combat NCDs requires the participation of multiple actors from governments, the private sector, and civil society at international, national, and local levels. The Global Network for Prevention and Control of NCDs should enhance the effectiveness of NCDs policies by highlighting the need to simultaneously improve the internal factors of the network, including relationships among the actors; external factors, including the policy environment; and the complex nature of NCDs.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care and daily life of patients with rare diseases from the perspective of patient organizations – a qualitative interview study
Authors: Zybarth David , Brandt Maja , Mundlos Christine , Inhestern Laura 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic people affected by rare diseases (RD) or caregiver of affected children have faced additional challenges. The pandemic has affected physical and mental health, social life and has led to financial consequences. Our objectives were to identify the impact of COVID-19 (1) on health care and (2) on daily life and participation of patients with RDs or caregivers from the perspective of representatives of patient organizations. Moreover, we explored their perspective on experiences of pandemic stress and resources during the pandemic.

Results
We conducted 18 semi-structured interviews with representatives of patient organizations (e.g. chairperson, members of the steering committee), who were asked about the experiences of their members. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the framework approach. We contextualized our findings on the basis of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) model and adapted it according to identified subthemes. Patients and caregivers were confronted with aspects of pandemic stress such as lack of information, access and information regarding vaccination and being a risk group for COVID-19 infection. Physical and mental functioning was reported to be negatively impacted. Lock downs and contact restrictions led, e.g., to increasing lack of nursing services or lack of necessary informal support. Participation e.g. in social life and work was reduced. Health care services including medical care and supportive care as well as additional therapies were disrupted and greater effort was necessary to organize care. According to participants, central resources were informal support networks, digitalization, patient organizations and individual characteristics.

Conclusions
Our study highlights the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the situation of people affected by RDs and caregivers. Contextualization of the results into the biopsychosocial model reinforces the impact of the pandemic on health care as well as daily life and participation. Major challenges and difficulties were experienced during lockdowns and contact restrictions. Depending on the risk of an infection with COVID-19, certain patient groups were still isolated and reduced social contacts or still followed strict hygienic measures (e.g., wearing medical masks). Future pandemic control measures, e.g. on lockdowns and closing facilities, should consider the challenges of people with RDs and caregivers of affected children.
Modifications of lung microbiota structure in traumatic brain injury ventilated patients according to time and enteral feeding formulas: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Cotoia A. , Paradiso R. , Ferrara G. , Borriello G. , Santoro F. , Spina I. , Mirabella L. , Mariano K. , Fusco G. , Cinnella G. , Singer P. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Specialized diets enriched with immune nutrients could be an important supplement in patients (pts) with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI). Omega-3 and arginine may interact with immune response and microbiota. No data are available about the role of the specialized diets in modulating the lung microbiota, and little is known about the influence of lung microbiota structure in development of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in TBI pts. The aims of this study are to evaluate the impact of specific nutrients on the lung microbiota and the variation of lung microbiota in TBI pts developing VAP.

Methods
A cohort of 31 TBI pts requiring mechanical ventilation in ICU was randomized for treatment with specialized (16pts) or standard nutrition (15pts). Alpha and beta diversity of lung microbiota were analyzed from bronco Alveolar Lavage (BAL) samples collected at admission and 7 days post-ICU admission in both groups. A further analysis was carried out on the same samples retrospectively grouped in VAP or no VAP pts.

Results
None developed VAP in the first week. Thereafter, ten out of thirty-one pts developed VAP. The BAL microbiota on VAP group showed significant differences in beta diversity and Staphylococcus and Acinetobacter Genera were high. The specialized nutrition had influence on beta diversity that reached statistical significance only in Bray–Curtis distance.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that TBI patients who developed VAP during ICU stay have different structures of BAL microbiota either at admission and at 7 days post-ICU admission, while no correlation has been observed between different enteral formulas and microbiota composition in terms of richness and evenness. These findings suggest that targeting the lung microbiota may be a promising approach for preventing infections in critically ill patients.
The updates and implications of cutaneous microbiota in acne
Authors: Huang Cong , Zhuo Fan , Han Baoquan , Li Wenting , Jiang Bin , Zhang Kaoyuan , Jian Xingling , Chen Zhenzhen , Li Hui , Huang Haiyan , Dou Xia , Yu Bo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAcne is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that profoundly impacts the quality of life of patients worldwide. While it is predominantly observed in adolescents, it can affect individuals across all age groups. Acne pathogenesis is believed to be a result of various endogenous and exogenous factors, but the precise mechanisms remain elusive. Recent studies suggest that dysbiosis of the skin microbiota significantly contributes to acne development. Specifically, Cutibacterium acnes, the dominant resident bacterial species implicated in acne, plays a critical role in disease progression. Various treatments, including topical benzoyl peroxide, systemic antibiotics, and photodynamic therapy, have demonstrated beneficial effects on the skin microbiota composition in acne patients. Of particular interest is the therapeutic potential of probiotics in acne, given its direct influence on the skin microbiota. This review summarizes the alterations in skin microbiota associated with acne, provides insight into its pathogenic role in acne, and emphasizes the potential of therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring microbial homeostasis for acne management.
Planning regulation and land value capture in Italy between traditional approaches and new perspectives
Authors: Colavitti Anna Maria , Serra Sergio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUrban development and regeneration processes are both influenced by changes in the level of land rents over time and space. Public intervention in land markets, including planning regulation, affects rent dynamics through discretionary decisions that create clear advantages and inequalities in landowner treatment. Focusing on Italian approaches to planning regulation and land value capture (LVC), the research investigates the evolution of the theoretical debate on windfalls for wipeouts and the different approaches and instruments for managing urban rents. The characteristics of the national housing market and the relevant socio-economic and territorial disparities require a better understanding of contemporary rent dynamics. The conclusions suggest that the traditional and mainstream conception of urban rent, as an unearned gain for the landowner, needs to be revised and LVC should be addressed to support regeneration policies.
Assessments of tree-ring intra-annual δ18O record for reconstructing hydroclimate with high temporal resolution
Authors: Watanabe Yumiko , Katayama Yoshito , Li Zhen , Nakatsuka Takeshi , Tazuru Suyako 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTree-ring cellulose oxygen isotopic ratios have been widely studied as a hydrological proxy in monsoonal Asia. There has been, however, little attempt to perform proxy assessment of the intra-annual isotopic data to reconstruct hydroclimate with higher temporal resolution. We presented new intra-annual cellulose oxygen isotopic records of Japanese cedar trees spanning A.D. 1918 to 2017, and validated it as a hydrological proxy by comparing with meteorological data. There are significant negative correlations between intra-annual isotopic ratios and summer precipitation/relative humidity, as similar to annual-resolution data of earlier studies. Notably on intra-annual scales, the period showing the highest correlation gradually shifted from May to August, in corresponding to the location within the annual ring. Principal component regression analyses show the regression was more accurate over a wider duration than single regression analysis using the annual data, therefore indicating that the subdivision of the annual ring could contribute to reconstruct higher-resolution hydroclimate.
The role of leukotriene inhibition using a 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LO) inhibitor in a joint contracture model
Authors: Jeffs Alexander D. , Boyd Michael , Larabee Landon , Shelton Matthew , Bassil Alexander , Taylor Ross , Berkoff David 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeArthrofibrosis is a common inflammatory complication of joint trauma and surgery. 5lipoxygenase (5‐LO) is a key enzyme involved in inflammation. Inhibition of 5‐LO has been shown to reduce inflammation in heart and lung models but has not been examined in a joint contracture model.MethodsTwenty‐six rats underwent joint contracture. Six rats served as non‐surgical controls. A 5‐LO inhibitor, caffeic acid (CA), suspended in 10% ethanol was orally administered to 14 rats and ethanol without CA to the remaining 12 rats daily for 21 days. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels were measured, both systemically and locally. 5‐LO levels in the posterior capsule were quantified by measuring the ratio of the length of the posterior capsule demonstrating 5‐LO immunostaining to the total length of the capsule.ResultsJoint contracture was successfully achieved in all rats who underwent manipulation. Levels of 5‐ LO measured in the posterior capsule were significantly increased in the animals who underwent surgery (56%/44–64) compared to the non‐surgical control animals (7%/4–9). LTB4 levels were found to be significantly lower in the non‐surgical control animals (107.79 ± 34.08 pg/ml) compared to all surgical animals (157.6 ± 55.3 pg/ml).ConclusionSurgical intervention resulted in increased 5‐LO activity of the synovial surface of the posterior capsule and increased LTB4 levels in the patellar tendon—fat pad. Oral administration of the 5LO inhibitor, CA, was ineffective at reducing systemic and local LTB4 levels and preventing knee joint contracture. Inhibiting 5‐LO activity may still be effective in preventing arthrofibrosis and warrants further investigation.