bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curriculum renewal towards critically conscious graduates: Implications for faculty development
Authors: van Schalkwyk Susan , Blitz Julia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionGlobally, faculty development initiatives in support of health professions (HP) educators continue to extend their remit. This work becomes more critical as HP curriculum renewal activities are influenced by needing to move beyond a biomedical focus attending to issues such as social accountability, social justice and health equity. This raises questions about how best to support our HP educators who may need to change their teaching practice as they embrace these more complex, social constructs.MethodsThe research question for this qualitative study was: What implications are there for faculty development that can support HP educators as they are expected to incorporate the principles of critical consciousness and social accountability into their teaching as part of a curriculum renewal process? Data from 11 focus group discussions and 11 subsequent individual interviews with HP educators from two undergraduate programmes were thematically analysed after which further analysis focussed on the implications of these findings for faculty development. Transformative learning theory and models about change provided a sensitising framework.ResultsOur findings pointed to an expanded role for HP educators and consequently also for those responsible for faculty development. Three main ideas were highlighted: Curriculum renewal catalyses a renewed need for faculty development, the nature of faculty development that can enable change and new foci for faculty development.ConclusionsFaculty development can make a significant contribution to enabling change, including in the context of curriculum renewal that often extends the roles and responsibilities of HP educators. When renewal seeks to shift fundamental curriculum principles, providing support to embrace this expanded remit results in an equally expanded remit for faculty developers—one that calls for initiatives that enable critical, dialogic encounters that might foster critical consciousness, leading to change in HP education. This challenges us, as faculty developers, to turn the mirror on ourselves to consider the nature of such expanded support.
Ecology and diversity of mosquito larvae in ponds and lagoons of Northwestern Spain
Authors: Martínez‐Barciela Yasmina , Polina Alejandro , Garrido Josefina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGalicia, located in the northwestern part of Spain, has a great number and variety of aquatic ecosystems where mosquitoes can breed. Despite the sanitary relevance of these insects, studies on mosquito populations in the region are still scarce. The field research was carried out in 48 sampling points (27 continental lagoons, 12 coastal lagoons and 9 temporary ponds) throughout the entire Galician territory. The samples were collected intermittently and seasonally through different water quality monitoring projects between 2001 and 2017. More than 1500 mosquito larvae belonging to 10 species of five genera (Aedes, Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Culex and Culiseta) were identified. Anopheles (Anopheles) maculipennis s.l. Meigen was the most widely distributed species in the study, being especially dominant in rural areas. In contrast, Culex (Culex) pipiens Linnaeus and Culex (Culex) theileri Theobald showed a preference for breeding in urban areas. New contributions to the knowledge about the larval ecology and distribution of these mosquito species are made throughout this study, including information about the tolerance of each species to water parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and conductivity). Likewise, the relationship between culicid diversity and the habitat characteristics of the breeding sites (water body type, climate and level of anthropization) is discussed.
Clinical and demographic factors affecting trough levels of isavuconazole in critically ill patients with or without COVID‐19
Authors: Bertram Ralph , Naumann Hans‐Theodor , Bartsch Vanessa , Hitzl Wolfgang , Kinzig Martina , Haarmeyer Golo‐Sung , Baumgärtel Matthias , Geise Arnim , Muschner Dorothea , Nentwich Jens , John Stefan , Sörgel Fritz , Steinmann Joerg , Höhl Rainer 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe broad‐spectrum antifungal isavuconazole is administered to treat invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis.ObjectivesIsavuconazole plasma concentrations in critically ill ICU patients with or without COVID‐19 and invasive fungal infection were determined, and factors for sub‐therapeutic drug levels (<1 μg/mL) were evaluated.Patients and MethodsIsavuconazole plasma levels were measured as part of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in ICUs of a tertiary hospital. Concentrations determined 20–28 h after previous dosing were defined as trough (Cmin) levels. A total of 160 Cmin levels from 62 patients with invasive fungal infections were analysed, 30 of which suffering from COVID‐19. Patient characteristics included into univariable and multivariable analyses were gender, age, COVID‐19 status, body mass index (BMI), sepsis‐related organ failure (SOFA) score, renal replacement therapy (RRT) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) requirement.ResultsThe mean Cmin of isavuconazole in all patients was 1.64 μg/mL (interquartile range 0.83–2.24 μg/mL, total range 0.24–5.67 μg/mL). In total, 34.4% of the Cmin values (corresponding to 46.8% of patients) were below a threshold concentration of 1 μg/mL. Drug concentrations between patients with or without COVID‐19 did not differ (p = .43). In contrast, levels were significantly lower in patients with female sex (p = .0007), age ≤ 65 years (p = .002), BMI > 25 (p = .006), SOFA score > 12 (p = .026), RRT (p = .017) and ECMO requirement (p = .001).ConclusionsIsavuconazole plasma levels can be negatively affected by patients' risk factors, supportive renal replacement and ECMO therapy. Future prospective studies analysing the relevance of isavuconazole drug levels in ICU patient outcome are urgently needed.
MALAT1 as a potential salivary biomarker in oral squamous cell carcinoma through targeting miRNA‐124
Authors: Shalaby Rania , Ibrahim Sally , Kotb Ali A. W. , Baz Safaa , Hafed Layla , Shaker Olfat , Afifi Salsabeel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the diagnostic accuracy of the long non‐coding RNA “MALAT1” measured in the saliva of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and assess the salivary expression of microRNA‐124, which MALAT1 targets.Subjects and MethodsForty subjects were collected in a consecutive pattern and allocated into two groups. Group A included 20 patients with OSCC, while Group B included 20 healthy subjects. Salivary expression of MALAT1 and microRNA (miRNA)‐124 was evaluated in the two study groups using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and correlated with histopathological examination of OSCC subjects.ResultsOSCC yielded a statistically significant higher expression of MALAT1 than healthy controls and a lower expression of miRNA‐124 in OSCC than controls. There is a statistically significant inverse relationship between salivary MALAT1 and miRNA‐124. Moreover, there is a statistically significant difference in the MALAT1 expression in saliva samples from metastatic cases compared with non‐metastatic cases, as well as in patients with lymph node involvement compared with those without involvement. At a cut‐off value of 2.24, salivary MALAT1 exhibited 95% sensitivity and 90% specificity in differentiating OSCC from healthy subjects.ConclusionSalivary MALAT1 acts as a sponge for miRNA‐124 and could be a potential salivary biomarker for OSCC.
Risk‐sensitive Markov decision processes with long‐run CVaR criterion
Authors: Xia Li , Zhang Luyao , Glynn Peter W. 
Published: September 2023

CVaR (Conditional value at risk) is a risk metric widely used in finance. However, dynamically optimizing CVaR is difficult, because it is not a standard Markov decision process (MDP) and the principle of dynamic programming fails. In this paper, we study the infinite‐horizon discrete‐time MDP with a long‐run CVaR criterion, from the view of sensitivity‐based optimization. By introducing a pseudo‐CVaR metric, we reformulate the problem as a bilevel MDP model and derive a CVaR difference formula that quantifies the difference of long‐run CVaR under any two policies. The optimality of deterministic policies is derived. We obtain a so‐called Bellman local optimality equation for CVaR, which is a necessary and sufficient condition for locally optimal policies and only necessary for globally optimal policies. A CVaR derivative formula is also derived for providing more sensitivity information. Then we develop a policy iteration type algorithm to efficiently optimize CVaR, which is shown to converge to a local optimum in mixed policy space. Furthermore, based on the sensitivity analysis of our bilevel MDP formulation and critical points, we develop a globally optimal algorithm. The piecewise linearity and segment convexity of the optimal pseudo‐CVaR function are also established. Our main results and algorithms are further extended to optimize the mean and CVaR simultaneously. Finally, we conduct numerical experiments relating to portfolio management to demonstrate the main results. Our work sheds light on dynamically optimizing CVaR from a sensitivity viewpoint.
Deciphering the tumour immune microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Sha , Jia Man , Dai Rongyang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCurrent treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are less effective and prone to recurrence after surgery, so it's needed to seek new ideas for its therapy. Tumour immune microenvironment (TME) is crucial for the pathogenesis, development and metastasis of HCC. Interactions between immune cells and tumour cells significantly impact responses to immunotherapies and patient prognosis. In recent years, immunotherapies for HCC have shown promising potential, but the response rate is still unsatisfactory. Understanding their cross‐talks is helpful for selecting potential therapeutic targets, predicting immunotherapy responses, determining immunotherapy efficacy, identifying prognostic markers and selecting individualized treatment options. In this paper, we reviewed the research advances on the roles of immune cells and multi‐omic research associated with HCC pathogenesis and therapy, and future perspectives on TME.
Effects of tempo ofself‐selectedmusic on isokinetic strength performance and psychological outcomes
Authors: Svoboda Stephanie M. , Kostrna Jason 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSubstantial research has supported using musical stimuli as an ergogenic aid before and during various forms of exercise. Researchers have demonstrated that music shifts attention from associative to dissociative, decreases perceived effort and discomfort, and increases arousal and pleasantness in longer‐duration, low‐to‐moderate‐intensity exercises. Strength training is shorter in duration and higher in intensity than aerobic or muscular endurance training. Limited research has examined the effects of music on strength performance and psychological outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the tempo of self‐selected music on isokinetic knee extension and flexion performance, effort, discomfort, attention, arousal, and pleasantness in resistance‐trained young adults. Thirty resistance‐trained college‐aged adults completed three exercise testing sessions. In a randomized, counterbalanced order, a repeated measures design was used to expose the participants to three conditions (fast music, slow music, and no music). The Biodex isokinetic dynamometer and standardized psychological Likert‐style scales were used to measure concentric maximum effort knee extension and flexion torque at 60°/s and psychological variables, respectively. This study found that music improves knee extension torque but not knee flexion in resistance‐trained young adults. In addition, music or the tempo of music did not influence any psychological outcomes during isokinetic strength testing. Therefore, listening to music is not detrimental to performance or psychological outcomes, but this study provides minimal support for music's use as an ergogenic aid during strengthening exercise.
“Marriage fraud” or social constraint? Reasons for understanding tongzhi and tongqi in mixed‐orientation marriages in China
Authors: Song Changhui , Ding Runze , Xie Hui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis qualitative study was conducted in the context of ongoing debates on “marriage fraud” to explore the underlying social structural and individual reasons for entering mixed‐orientation marriages affecting men who have sex with men (tongzhi in Chinese) and non‐complicit women (tongqi) who married tongzhi in China. Using a phenomenological approach, sixty‐eight (34 tongzhi and 34 tongqi, unpaired) semi‐structured interviews were conducted through in‐person interviews or WeChat audio interviews between 2018 and 2019 in China. Guided by thematic analysis, three themes explaining the shared pressure from the societal, family, and individual levels that drove individuals' decisions about whom they partnered with, and when and how they entered marriage among tongzhi and tongqi: marriage normativity, filial piety, and conformity with conventional marriage. The findings showed that marital decisions for tongzhi and tongqi were constrained by the similar social power of marriage normativity, filial piety, and heteronormativity in China. Some marriages fell within the scope of marriage fraud, but most of them fell within the scope of performing conventional marriages. This phenomenon was beyond simple explanations of marriage fraud. Future studies need to investigate multi‐level constraints concerning family relations for sexual minorities in China on a large scale.
Reputation and prosocial lies in development
Authors: Guo Cynthia Xinran , Rochat Philippe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChildren start to engage in self‐serving deception from approximately 2½ years of age. This emerging self‐centered propensity toward the deliberate covering of truth is predicted by the child's degree of executive function and level of theory of mind. In contrast, existing studies on the emergence of other‐oriented lies point to a significant developmental lag—children begin to produce prosocial lies not prior to 3–4 years of age. What may account for such a lag? In this article, we review the recent literature and conclude that the existing cognitive account does not fully explain the developmental lag between self‐ and other‐serving deception. As an alternative, we propose that reputational concerns may drive the ontogeny of prosocial lies and account for their later emergence.
Banal gastronationalism and anti‐EU populism
Authors: Pospěch Pavel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe common market of the EU imposes standards on food products and minimum requirements for their quality. Products that do not meet these requirements have to be renamed. This article analyses the media coverage of a prominent political controversy surrounding four food products, produced in the Czech Republic: Inland Rum, Fruit Marmalade, Spread Butter and Almond Brandy. The renaming of these products has triggered a wave of nationalist sentiments and anti‐EU backlash. To explain these developments, the article follows the strong programme in cultural sociology, and it introduces the concept ‘banal gastronationalism’. It argues that the anti‐EU backlash is culturally rooted in two deeply rooted binary distinctions: the split between the centre (of the EU) and the periphery and the tension between the inner and the external. Together, these distinctions co‐create an imagined community of consumers and readers, which gets mobilised through a perceived threat to its food products.
Influence of a single oral dose of trazodone on intradermal histamine reactivity in clinically healthy dogs
Authors: Lewis Sarah Taylor , Kennis Robert Allen , Clark‐Price Stuart Charles , White Amelia Grant 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundDrug interactions are significant considerations for intradermal testing (IDT). Trazodone (TRZ) is an anxiolytic and selective histaminergic (H1) antagonist with no interaction in human prick tests; however, interaction in canine IDT is unknown.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTrazodone will not adversely affect intradermal histamine reactions in dogs.AnimalsFourteen nonanxious, nonatopic, healthy client‐owned dogs were enrolled in this randomised, blinded, cross‐over study.Materials and MethodsDogs were randomised to receive low‐dose TRZ (4 mg/kg) (Teva Pharmaceuticals), high‐dose TRZ (8 mg/kg) or no TRZ per os two hours before intravenous sedation with dexmedetomidine (5 mcg/kg) (Dexdomitor; Zoetis). Intradermal testing was performed with five quadrupling dilutions of histamine (1:100,000 to 1:25,600,000 w/v; Greer) and 0.9% saline (Hospira), observing a minimum two weeks washout period between treatments. Two observers, who were blinded to treatment and the identity of the injections, evaluated each test using previously established subjective and objective methods.ResultsThe mean wheal diameter of histamine 1:1,600,000 w/v was significantly smaller with low‐dose TRZ (4 mg/kg) compared to the control group (p = 0.048; repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc Tukey's test). For all other histamine dilutions and saline, mean wheal diameter was not significantly different among groups. There were no significant differences in the subjective scores of all histamine dilutions and saline (p > 0.05; Friedman test).Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceA single oral dose of TRZ does not adversely affect intradermal histamine reactions in dogs.
Poor success rates with double pelvic osteotomy for craniodorsal luxation of total hip prosthesis in 11 dogs
Authors: Thibault Alexandre , Haudiquet Philippe H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo report the outcome of double pelvic osteotomy (DPO) for craniodorsal luxation of total hip replacement (THR).Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsEleven client‐owned animals.MethodsDogs with craniodorsal luxation of THR and high angle of lateral opening (ALO) were considered candidates for DPO. The ALO and the version angle (VA) were measured on pre‐ and post‐DPO radiographs. Pre‐ and post‐DPO ALO and VA were compared using a Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were assessed at 2 and 6 months post‐DPO.ResultsEleven DPOs were performed on 11 dogs after THR luxation. The ALO was reduced from a median of 66.2° (range 37.3–73.1°) to 55.9° (range 13.2–60.0°) (p ≤ .001), and VA increased from a median of 25.6° (range 6.8–51.9°) to 35.3° (range 15.1–51.7°) (p ≤ .03). Craniodorsal luxation recurred in five dogs and was managed with closed reduction (one dog), capsulorrhaphy (one dog), or repositioning of the acetabular cup (three dogs). The median clinical follow‐up duration was 19.7 months (range 3.4–73.0). In the long term, seven dogs required explantation (five aseptic loosenings, two infections) (median 8.2 months, range 2.6–50.6).ConclusionReluxation was frequent after DPO, 5/11 dogs requiring additional procedures, including three cup revisions. The long‐term outcome was considered to be poor due to frequent explantation.Clinical significanceDouble pelvic osteotomy may be considered to avoid cup replacement when managing craniodorsal THR luxations in dogs but is not recommended due to high complication rates.
Mass-Heat Coupling in Film Cooling Experiments—The Influence of Temperature and Turbulence on the Dufour Effect
Authors: Wiese Connor J. , Rutledge James L. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The use of foreign gases in laboratory film cooling experiments is attractive since variable density ratios can be achieved with coolant-to-freestream temperature ratios near unity, often reducing the cost and difficulty of the experimental campaign. In adiabatic effectiveness experiments employing pressure sensitive paint along with the mass transfer analogy to heat transfer, isothermal surfaces are often an experimental requirement. Furthermore, low-temperature laboratory experiments using thermal techniques often employ relatively close matches between the coolant and freestream temperatures. Using foreign gases, however, introduces off-diagonal couplings of heat and mass transport, which can produce unexpected results in film cooling experiments. In particular, the Dufour effect—also called the diffusion-thermo effect—which is the transfer of thermal energy by mass transfer processes, can manifest in surface temperatures that break the traditional bounds of thermal adiabatic effectiveness experiments: outside the upper and lower bounds of the coolant and freestream temperature. Beyond the expected confusion for the researcher, this effect can also be detrimental to those that assume that matching the coolant and freestream temperatures are the necessary and sufficient conditions to ensure isothermal surface conditions in traditional pressure sensitive paint experiments. In this work, the influence of cooling gas selection, experimental temperature, and experimental freestream turbulence conditions are explored on a simulated leading edge with compound injection from a cylindrical cooling hole. Air, argon, carbon dioxide, helium, and nitrogen coolants were analyzed due to their use in prior film cooling studies. The Dufour effect was found to be significant when using helium as the coolant, though temperature separation was also observed in argon and carbon dioxide cases. Additionally, elevated experiment temperatures generally increased temperature separation. Finally, high freestream turbulence intensity was found to reduce, but not eliminate, the Dufour effect in helium experiments.
Propulsion Aerodynamics for a Novel High-Speed Exhaust System
Authors: Tsentis Spyros , Goulos Ioannis , Prince Simon , Pachidis Vassilios , Zmijanovic Vladeta 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A key requirement to achieve sustainable high-speed flight and efficiency improvements in space access lies in the advanced performance of future propulsive architectures. Such concepts often feature high-speed nozzles, similar to rocket engines, but employ different configurations tailored to their mission. Additionally, they exhibit complex interaction phenomena between high-speed and separated flow regions at the base, which are not yet well understood. This paper presents a numerical investigation on the aerodynamic performance of a representative, novel exhaust system, which employs a high-speed nozzle and a complex-shaped cavity region at the base. Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes computations are performed for a number of nozzle pressure ratios (NPRs) and freestream Mach numbers in the range of 2.7 &lt; NPR &lt; 24 and 0.7 &lt; M∞ &lt; 1.2, respectively. The corresponding Reynolds number lies within the range of 1.06 × 106 &lt; Red &lt; 1.28 × 106 based on the maximum diameter of the configuration. The impact of the cavity is revealed by direct comparison to an identical noncavity configuration. Results show a consistent trend of increasing base drag with increasing NPR for both configurations, owing to the jet entrainment effect. Cavity is found to have no impact on the incipient separation location of the nozzle flow. At conditions of M∞ = 1.2 and high NPRs, the cavity has a significant effect on the aerodynamic performance, transitioning nozzle operation to underexpanded conditions. This results in approximately 12% higher drag coefficient compared to the noncavity case and shifts the minimum NPR required for positive gross propulsive force to higher values.