bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risks of Type 2 diabetes among older people living with HIV: A scoping review
Authors: Mhlanga Nongiwe L. , Netangaheni Thinavhuyo R. 
Published: February 2023

Background: The effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy has enabled people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) to live longer. With this longevity, there is the risk of developing age-related chronic conditions like Type 2 diabetes. Older PLWH have an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) because of the natural physiological processes of ageing and risks posed by HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy use. The purpose of this scoping review is to describe risk factors associated with the development of Type 2 DM among older PLWH.Methods: The study adopted a framework for scoping reviews. The first step identified the research question, followed by identifying studies from three databases: PubMed, Mendeley and Cochrane Library. A total of 618 nonduplicate studies were screened, with a final selection of 15 full-text studies from 2012 to 2022. Data were extracted using the Souza (2010) data extraction tool and analysed numerically and with thematic content analysis.Results: Most studies were from Italy, with 60% being cross-sectional studies. On thematic analysis, the risks associated with Type 2 DM among older PLWH were long duration of HIV infection; the use of older-generation antiretroviral therapy; a high body mass index; the presence of hypertension and a lack of knowledge on modifiable risk factors for Type 2 DM.Conclusion: The identification of the risks that increase the likelihood of Type 2 DM among older PLWH facilitates effective screening and focused health education for older PLWH to reduce the development of Type 2 DM.Contribution: The findings of this study of excess risks of Type 2 DM specific to older PLWH complement risk factors of Type 2 DM in the general population. These excess risks facilitate case finding of older PLWH at risk of Type 2 DM especially in primary healthcare settings.
Perforation of Coronary Artery Side Branch
Authors: Ola Rakesh Kumar , Ruhela Manish 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the modern era of cardiology, coronary angiography is a relatively safe procedure. Complication rate occurs in < 1% of cases. We report a case of coronary artery side branch perforation during coronary angiography using 5 French tiger radial catheter. Contrast injection into a side branch following accidental superselective intubation leads to the perforation at the tip and contrast extravasation. We were able to manage the patient conservatively because there is no hemodynamic compromise or pericardial effusion. Check angiography was done after 7 days and there was no leak. During angiography, pressure tracing should always be monitored and dye injection should be stopped if there is superselective intubation of the branch.
Gray, Stephen (1941–)
Authors: MacKenzie Craig 
Published: February 2023

Novelist, poet, dramatist, and critic Stephen Gray was born in Cape Town and educated at the universities of Cape Town, Cambridge, and Iowa, where he was a member of the Iowa Writers Workshop. He edited Granta while at Cambridge and taught in France for some years before taking up a position at the Rand Afrikaans University (now the University of Johannesburg) in 1969, where he taught for some 20 years and became Professor of English. He took early retirement in 1991 and has since then worked as a freelance writer. The author of several works of poetry, drama, and fiction, Gray is also South Africa’s foremost anthologist and literary historiographer.
Stephen Gray’s early novels are the satirical Local Colour (1975) and Invisible People (1977), and the historical Caltrop’s Desire (1980). His fascination with history is also reflected in John Ross: The True Story (1987), a fictionalized treatment of the life of Charles Maclean (‘John Ross’), a ship’s boy who survived a shipwreck off the Natal coast in 1825 and spent several years at the court of King Shaka. Later novels include Time of Our Darkness (1988), Born of Man (1989), and the semi-autobiographical War Child (1991). His autobiography, Accident of Birth, appeared in 1993.
Weakening and Iterating Laws using String Diagrams
Authors: Goy Alexandre 
Published: February 2023

Distributive laws are a standard way of combining two monads, providing a compositional approach for reasoning about computational effects in semantics. Situations where no such law exists can sometimes be handled by weakening the notion of distributive law, still recovering a composite monad. A celebrated result from Eugenia Cheng shows that combining $n$ monads is possible by iterating more distributive laws, provided they satisfy a coherence condition called the Yang-Baxter equation. Moreover, the order of composition does not matter, leading to a form of associativity. The main contribution of this paper is to generalise the associativity of iterated composition to weak distributive laws in the case of $n = 3$ monads. To this end, we use string-diagrammatic notation, which significantly helps make increasingly complex proofs more readable. We also provide examples of new weak distributive laws arising from iteration.Comment: Conference version (proceedings of MFPS 2022)
Tropospheric NO2 vertical profiles over South Korea and their relation to oxidant chemistry: implications for geostationary satellite retrievals and the observation of NO2 diurnal variation from space
Authors: Yang Laura Hyesung , Jacob Daniel J. , Colombi Nadia K. , Zhai Shixian , Bates Kelvin H. , Shah Viral , Beaudry Ellie , Yantosca Robert M. , Lin Haipeng , Brewer Jared F. , Chong Heesung , Travis Katherine R. , Crawford James H. , Lamsal Lok N. , Koo Ja-Ho , Kim Jhoon 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Nitrogen oxides (NOx≡ NO + NO2) are of central importance for air quality, climate forcing, and nitrogen deposition
to ecosystems. The Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS)
is now providing hourly NO2 satellite observations over East Asia,
offering the first direct measurements of NO2 diurnal variation from
space to guide understanding of NOx emissions and chemistry. The
NO2 retrieval requires independent vertical profile information from a
chemical transport model (CTM) to compute the air mass factor (AMF) that
relates the NO2 column measured along the line of sight to the NO2
vertical column. Here, we use aircraft observations from the Korea-United
States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign over the Seoul metropolitan area (SMA) and around the Korean Peninsula in May–June 2016 to better understand the factors controlling the NO2 vertical profile, its diurnal
variation, the implications for the AMFs, and the ability of the GEOS-Chem CTM to compute the NO2 vertical profiles used for AMFs. Proper representation of oxidant chemistry is critical for the CTM simulation of
NO2 vertical profiles and is achieved in GEOS-Chem through new model
developments, including aerosol nitrate photolysis, reduced uptake of hydroperoxy (HO2) radicals by aerosols, and accounting for atmospheric
oxidation of volatile chemical products (VCPs). We find that the
tropospheric NO2 columns measured from space in the SMA are mainly
contributed by the planetary boundary layer (PBL) below 2 km altitude,
reflecting the highly polluted conditions. Repeated measurements of NO2
vertical profiles over the SMA at different times of day show that diurnal
change in mixing depth affecting the NO2 vertical profile induces a
diurnal variation in AMFs of comparable magnitude to the diurnal variation in the NO2 column. GEOS-Chem captures this diurnal variation in AMFs and
more generally the variability in the AMFs for the KORUS-AQ NO2 vertical profiles (2.7 % mean bias, 7.6 % precision), with some outliers in the
morning due to errors in the timing of mixed-layer growth.
A new precipitation emulator (PREMU v1.0) for lower-complexity models
Authors: Liu Gang , Peng Shushi , Huntingford Chris , Xi Yi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Precipitation is a crucial component of the global water
cycle. Rainfall features (e.g., strength or frequency) strongly affect
societal activities and are closely associated with the functioning of
terrestrial ecosystems. Hence, predicting global and gridded precipitation
under different emission scenarios is an essential output of climate change
research, enabling a better understanding of future interactions between
land biomes and climate change. Some current lower-complexity models (LCMs)
are designed to emulate precipitation in a computationally effective way.
However, for precipitation in particular, they are known to have large
errors due to their simpler linear scaling of precipitation changes against
global warming (e.g., IMOGEN; Zelazowski et al., 2018). Here, to reduce the
errors in emulating precipitation, we provide a data-calibrated
precipitation emulator (PREMU), offering a convenient and computationally
effective way to estimate and represent precipitation well, as simulated by
different Earth system models (ESMs) and under different user-prescribed
emission scenarios. We construct the relationship between global and local
precipitation and modes of global gridded temperature and find that the
emulator shows good performance in predicting historically observed
precipitation from Global Soil Wetness Project
Phase 3 (GSWP3). The ESM-specific emulator also estimates well the
simulated precipitation of nine ESMs and under four dissimilar future
scenarios of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs). Our ESM-specific
emulator also reproduced well interannual fluctuations (R=0.82–0.93, p<0.001) of global land average precipitation (GLAP) simulated by
the nine ESMs, as well as their trends and spatial patterns. The default
configuration of our emulator only requires gridded temperature, also
available from lower-complexity models such as IMOGEN (Zelazowski et al.,
2018) and MESMER (Beusch et al., 2022; Nath et al., 2022), which themselves
are calibrated against ESMs. Therefore, our precipitation emulator can be
directly coupled within other LCMs, improving on, for instance, the current
emulations of precipitation implicit in IMOGEN. The PREMU model has the
opportunity to provide the driving conditions to model well the hydrological
cycle, ecological processes and their interactions with climate change.
Critically, the efficiency of LCMs allows them to make projections for many
more potential future trajectories in atmospheric GHG concentrations than is
possible with full ESMs due to the high computational requirement of the
latter. By coupling with PREMU, LCMs will have the ability to emulate
gridded precipitation; thus, they can be widely coupled with hydrological
models or land surface models.
Utilization of Maternal Health Services in Slum Area of Butwal Sub-Metropolitian City
Authors: Chhetri Pradip , Priyanka Jyoti , Shrestha Rubina , Shrestha Saneep , Nepal Rajeev , Bhusal Chetkant , Nepali Sushmita , Aryal Basanti 
Published: February 2023

Background: High maternal morbidity and mortality has been a major public health problem in Nepal which may be due to the low utilization of maternal health services in Nepal. Utilization of maternal services is found very low in slum areas as compared to upscale areas. This study aims to find out the prevalence of utilization of maternal health services and its associated factors in slum areas of Butwal sub-Metropolitan city.
Methods: A community based cross sectionalstudy was conducted among 202 women who had given birth to baby within 1 year. Semi-structured questionnaire and face to face interview was done to collect the data. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.
Results:The results showed thatabout 81.18% women had taken complete ANC and 34.65% had taken complete PNC services as per protocol of WHO. Multivariate logistic regression showed that respondent education, monthly income, nearest to health care facilities, knowledge level, and women’s autonomy was found to be associated significantly with complete utilization of ANC services. Similarly, Respondent occupation and nearest to health care facilities were found to be associated significantly with complete utilization of PNC.
Conclusion: Though ANC utilization was found to be satisfactory but PNC utilization was found very low so more focused should be given to increase the utilization of PNC services in slum area.
Fallacies of Meta-argumentation
Authors: Aikin Scott , Casey John 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTThis article argues that the theoretical concept of meta-argumentative fallacy is useful. The authors argue for this along two lines. The first is that with the concept, the authors may clarify the concept of meta-argumentation. That is, by theorizing where meta-argument goes wrong, the authors may capture the norms of this level of argumentation. The second is that the concept of meta-argumentative fallacies provides an explanatory model for a variety of errors in argument otherwise difficult to theorize. The authors take three as exemplary: the straw man, both sides, and free speech fallacies.
Estimación de la tasa de retorno a la educación
Authors: Salamanca Laura 
Published: February 2023

El estudio estima la tasa de retorno de la educación aplicando el modelo de Mincer según niveles educativos con base en datos de ingreso de la encuesta de hogares de 2007. Como resultado del estudio se estima una tasa de retorno para la educación de 10%, lo cual evidencia que los salarios en El Salvador reciben un impacto positivo si las personas poseen un cierto nivel educativo, y éste presenta una tendencia creciente, dado que hasta el 2002 los resultados arrojaban alrededor de un 8%. Esto nos indica que en El Salvador se valora cada vez más la inversión en educación, dado que los retornos privados a medida que pasa el tiempo se ven mayormente impactados. Las otras variables que inciden en el nivel de salarios que obtiene un trabajador son la experiencia, el ser hombre y el residir en la zona urbana. Los resultados muestran la necesidad de crear políticas que traten de evitar un cierto tipo de discriminación y favorezcan la equidad en las oportunidades laborales y la remuneración recibida.
The Perception of Status: The Refusal Strategies as Articulated by Tunisian EFL Teachers and British Speakers of English
Authors: Alasmari Nasser 
Published: February 2023

The current research aims to find out if the perception of status is culture related. To this end, it compares the refusal strategies articulated by two groups of people namely, Tunisian EFL teachers who are currently working at the University of Jeddah and a group of British speakers when communicating with others with higher, equal, or lower status than theirs. Results indicated that the Tunisian group is much more sensitive to status than their British counterparts. The former group uses indirect refusal strategies with interlocutors of equal or higher positions but is more direct in expressing objection when talking to people with lower positions. By contrast, the British are found to be less sensitive to status as their answers were consistent irrespective of their interlocutors’ status. As a matter of fact, social status for the British group has nothing to do with the educational level or occupation while the opposite is true for the Tunisian group. The findings of the present paper are congruent with other studies which compared the Western and the Arab perceptions of status and found that the latter’s sensitivity to status originates from socio- cultural norms which underpins hierarchical social relationships.
Desain Simulasi Gerak Parabola Sebagai Pemanfaatan Pembelajaran Fisika SMA Kelas X Menggunakan Pygame
Authors: Naufal Muhamad , Wiyuna Tannie , Bintarum Annisa Deutschlant , Burhanudin Ahmad Fakhri 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In presenting learning media, teachers use various interesting simulations for their students. This research aims to develop learning media through interactive simulations on parabolic motion material. Parabolic motion is a two-dimensional motion that requires accurate analysis to understand it. Pygame is a Python programming language specifically written to make games. The development procedure uses a four-D model, which consists of the defining, designing, developing, and deploying stages. The results showed that interactive simulation learning media could be used for student learning media in analyzing the factors that influence parabolic motion. This shows that the developed simulation media is feasible to use in learning. However, further development needs to be carried out to obtain more interesting and more complete simulation media. The simulation results can be used as teaching materials in high school physics parabolic motion material.
Abstrak
Dalam menyajikan media pembelajaran, guru banyak memanfaatkan berbagai macam simulasi yang menarik bagi siswanya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran berupa simulasi yang interaktif pada materi gerak parabola. Gerak parabola merupakan gerak dua dimensi yang membutuhkan analisis yang akurat dalam memahaminya. Pygame merupakan salah satu bahasa pemrograman python yang ditulis khusus untuk membuat game. Prosedur pengembangannya menggunakan model four-D yang terdiri dari tahap pendefinisian, perancangan, pengembangan, dan penyebaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran simulasi interaktif dapat dipakai untuk media pembelajaran siswa dalam menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi gerak parabola. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan media simulasi yang dikembangkan layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Namun pengembangan lanjutan perlu dilakukan agar diperoleh media simulasi yang lebih menarik dan lebih lengkap. Hasil simulasi dapat digunakan sebagai bahan ajar di fisika SMA materi Gerak Parabola
Parir en palacio: Obstetricia de las reinas españolas
Authors: Cárdaba García Rosa María , Cárdaba García Inés , Pueyo Bergua María Elena , Gil Pérez Josefa Dolores , Mateos Hernández Mª Isabel 
Published: February 2023

El parto siempre ha sido un hecho muy importante en la vida de la mujer por el riesgo y repercusión social que entraña, pero si la parturienta es una reina, la trascendencia es enorme. Las soberanas, pese al riesgo que corrían tanto ellas como el vástago, tenían que parir hijos y cuantos más mejor. En este trance siempre han contado con la ayuda de matronas y comadres, aplicando para ello los conocimientos obstétricos clásicos [Fragmento de texto].
El intercambio de cuidados entre culturas
Authors: Amezcua Manuel 
Published: February 2023

Convocamos hace un año Cogitare 2022 con el propósito de profundizar en el fenómeno de “El Intercambio de Cuidados entre Culturas”, cumpliendo así una aspiración largamente acariciada. Porque el fenómeno de la multiculturalidad se ha dado siempre y generalmente se asocia a las invasiones de unos pueblos a otros, enfatizándose la pérdida de vidas, de bienes y de cultura. Pero también ha ocurrido el fenómeno del mestizaje, que ha dado lugar a nuevos grupos sociales con renovadas formas de convivencia. En el caso de la salud, interesa conocer los intercambios que se producen entre los saberes aborígenes y el conocimiento proveniente de la ciencia, así como los préstamos y transferencias tanto en el cuidado profesional y como en el doméstico [continuar leyendo en el PDF].
La Oropesa que apacentó la personalidad de un renovador
Authors: Amezcua Manuel 
Published: February 2023

Juan Ciudad, futuro San Juan de Dios, llegó niño a la villa de Oropesa, en la provincia de Toledo, para ser criado por una familia dedicada a la ganadería, ejerciendo por ello como pastor. Cuando se hizo mayor se alistó como soldado en las compañías del Conde de Oropesa que desplazó a Fuenterrabía y a Viena en apoyo al emperador Carlos. Tras un periplo de aventuras y andanzas volvería a su ciudad de la infancia para mostrarse como enfermero al servicio de los más necesitados de la villa y su comarca. Las épocas que Juan de Dios residió en Oropesa cobran especial importancia en su biografía, en tanto nos muestran la evolución que se fue operando en su personalidad y que en parte explican la dedicación a su obra de reforma hospitalaria. Con este trabajo se pretende revisar la presencia histórica de Juan de Dios en la ciudad toledana de Oropesa como lugar de residencia de su juventud y la influencia que esta tuvo en la configuración de su personalidad.
“TU SELLO” 430 Aniversario de la Orden de San Juan de Dios en Palencia
Authors: Ballesteros-Álvaro Antonio Manuel , Ballesteros-Retuerto Sara 
Published: February 2023

Introducción: San Juan de Dios nace en Portugal en 1495. En el Real Monasterio de Santa María de Guadalupe, en Cáceres, se forma en el cuidado de los enfermos. Regresa a Granada y comienza a dedicarse al cuidado de los pobres sin hogar y los enfermos, instituyendo un hospital para tales fines. Muere el 8 de marzo de 1550. El primer sello postal que conmemora a San Juan de Dios es emitido en Portugal en 1949 con ocasión del IV Centenario de su muerte. Metodología: Para llevar a cabo el análisis del “TU SELLO”, se ha utilizado el método iconográfico-iconológico de Panofsky. Resultados: Se presenta el “TU SELLO” emitido en conmemoración del “430 Aniversario de la Orden de San Juan de Dios en Palencia”. El diseño se basa en el grupo escultórico creado por Óscar Aragón, que se inauguró el 4 de diciembre de 2017, con motivo del 425 aniversario de la presencia de la Orden en Palencia. En el sello aparece un arco que simboliza la puerta del hospital de San Juan de Dios de Palencia y, por otro lado, dos figuras que representan a San Juan de Dios abrazando y ayudando, en un gesto de protección, a otra figura que es una representación alegórica de la enfermedad. Discusión: La utilización de los sellos personalizados es una manera de dar a conocer, a través de la filatelia, acontecimientos, personajes, hechos relevantes o efemérides que de otra manera no tendrían su reflejo en el sello postal, dada la limitada y exigente política de los servicios filatélicos de los distintos países para incluir en sus emisiones todo lo que de relevante puede ocurrir a lo largo de un año. Este ha sido, y no otro, el objetivo de emitir este “TU SELLO” homenaje al 430 Aniversario de la Orden de San Juan de Dios en Palencia.
El Cuidado en los años 70 del siglo XX: Hospital Nuestra Señora de Gracia de Zaragoza
Authors: Sánchez Aragó Sonia , Sesé Sanz Pilar 
Published: February 2023

Introducción: El hospital Real y General de Nuestra Señora de Gracia de Zaragoza fue fundado en 1425 por Alfonso V El Magnánimo. Durante la primera mitad de Siglo XX la asistencia de enfermería, era realizada por las Hermanas de Caridad de Santa Ana y personal adyacente, mediante su tarea y ejemplaridad en el cuidado siempre al lado del enfermo. Objetivo: Exponer las condiciones de trabajo y cuidados realizados por las Hermanas de Caridad de Santa Ana en el Hospital Nuestra Señora de Gracia en los años setenta del siglo XX. Metodología: Se ha utilizado la metodología cualitativa, entrevistando a dos enfermeras Hermanas de la Caridad de Santa Ana y a dos auxiliares de enfermería que trabajaban en aquella época. Resultados: Se destaca la distribución del hospital, sobre todo las salas y la diferencia en la forma de cuidados en función de las necesidades de Virginia Henderson. Conclusiones: Se han encontrado similitudes con las formas de cuidado en otros hospitales en la década de los años setenta, no consiguen ser totalmente equiparables a los realizados por las Hermanas de la Caridad de Santa Ana en el Hospital Nuestra Señora de Gracia en el mismo espacio temporal, principalmente por la percepción de la salud-enfermedad para cada cultura o grupo social.