bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery and genome-guided mapping of REN12 from Vitis amurensis, conferring strong, rapid resistance to grapevine powdery mildew
Authors: Sapkota Surya , Zou Cheng , Ledbetter Craig , Underhill Anna , Sun Qi , Gadoury David , Cadle-Davidson Lance 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Powdery mildew resistance genes restrict infection attempts at different stages of pathogenesis. Here, a strong and rapid powdery mildew resistance phenotype was discovered from Vitis amurensis ‘PI 588631’ that rapidly stopped over 97% of Erysiphe necator conidia, before or immediately after emergence of a secondary hypha from appressoria. This resistance was effective across multiple years of vineyard evaluation on leaves, stems, rachises, and fruit and against a diverse array of E. necator laboratory isolates. Using core genome rhAmpSeq markers, resistance mapped to a single dominant locus (here named REN12) on chromosome 13 near 22.8–27.0 Mb, irrespective of tissue type, explaining up to 86.9% of the phenotypic variation observed on leaves. Shotgun sequencing of recombinant vines using skim-seq technology enabled the locus to be further resolved to a 780 kb region, from 25.15 to 25.93 Mb. RNASeq analysis indicated the allele-specific expression of four resistance genes (NLRs) from the resistant parent. REN12 is one of the strongest powdery mildew resistance loci in grapevine yet documented, and the rhAmpSeq sequences presented here can be directly used for marker-assisted selection or converted to other genotyping platforms. While no virulent isolates were identified among the genetically diverse isolates and wild populations of E. necator tested here, NLR loci like REN12 are often race-specific. Thus, stacking of multiple resistance genes and minimal use of fungicides should enhance the durability of resistance and could enable a 90% reduction in fungicides in low-rainfall climates where few other pathogens attack the foliage or fruit.
CaREM1.4 interacts with CaRIN4 to regulate Ralstonia solanacearum tolerance by triggering cell death in pepper
Authors: Zhang Yanqin , Guo Shuangyuan , Zhang Feng , Gan Pengfei , Li Min , Wang Cong , Li Huankun , Gao Gang , Wang Xiaojie , Kang Zhensheng , Zhang Xinmei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Remorins, plant-specific proteins, have a significant role in conferring on plants the ability to adapt to adverse environments. However, the precise function of remorins in resistance to biological stress remains largely unknown. Eighteen CaREM genes were identified in pepper genome sequences based on the C-terminal conserved domain that is specific to remorin proteins in this research. Phylogenetic relations, chromosomal localization, motif, gene structures, and promoter regions of these remorins were analyzed and a remorin gene, CaREM1.4, was cloned for further study. The transcription of CaREM1.4 in pepper was induced by infection with Ralstonia solanacearum. Knocking down CaREM1.4 in pepper using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technologies reduced the resistance of pepper plants to R. solanacearum and downregulated the expression of immunity-associated genes. Conversely, transient overexpression of CaREM1.4 in pepper and Nicotiana benthamiana plants triggered hypersensitive response-mediated cell death and upregulated expression of defense-related genes. In addition, CaRIN4-12, which interacted with CaREM1.4 at the plasma membrane and cell nucleus, was knocked down with VIGS, decreasing the susceptibility of Capsicum annuum to R. solanacearum. Furthermore, CaREM1.4 reduced ROS production by interacting with CaRIN4-12 upon co-injection in pepper. Taken together, our findings suggest that CaREM1.4 may function as a positive regulator of the hypersensitive response, and it interacts with CaRIN4-12, which negatively regulates plant immune responses of pepper to R. solanacearum. Our study provides new evidence for comprehending the molecular regulatory network of plant cell death.
CATALYST: challenging antibiotic allergy status
Authors: Brayson Joseph , Barrett Scott , Baqir Wasim , Campbell David , Oswald Tamsin , Ellis Simon , Premchand Nikhil 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To develop a transferable process, CATALYST (challenging antibiotic allergystatus), to assess and challenge penicillin allergy status of inpatients within an NHS Foundation Hospital.

Methods
A multidisciplinary team (MDT) steering group reviewed existing literature and protocols enabling penicillin allergy assessment, challenge and de-labelling. Using this, they identified five key steps forming the basis of CATALYST: clinical assessment of the nature of allergy; inclusion/exclusion criteria; consent; direct oral penicillin challenge; and removal of allergy label. A pharmacist-led pilot was conducted to assess the process, during which a continuous PDSA (plan-do-study-act) cycle was observed. This included formally auditing endpoint data such as accuracy of allergy status in medical records post-intervention.

Results
CATALYST was successfully developed with key resources produced to support clinicians. It was piloted in 304 patients, with 172 patients excluded and 132 successful allergy challenges. There was one incident of an adverse event (acute kidney injury) in the 132 successful patients, which occurred as a delayed reaction following 22 days of penicillin therapy. Only 64% of permanent records (held by GP) were appropriately updated when audited at the end of the pilot.

Conclusions
CATALYST is a transferable process to facilitate safe assessment, challenge and removal of spurious penicillin allergy labels. Handover between care sectors forms a key element of allergy removal to ensure all records are updated and work is needed to ensure this process is done effectively.
Evaluation of a new rapid immunochromatographic assay for the detection of GES-producing Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Gonzalez Camille , Volland Hervé , Oueslati Saoussen , Niol Léa , Legrand Camille , Francius Laura , Chalin Arnaud , Vogel Anaïs , Simon Stéphanie , Naas Thierry 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
As carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales are increasingly reported worldwide, their rapid detection is crucial to reduce their spread and prevent infections and outbreaks. Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) have become major tools for the detection of carbapenemases. However, as for most commercially available assays, only the five main carbapenemases are targeted.

Objectives
Here, we have developed and evaluated an LFIA prototype for the rapid and reliable detection of the increasingly identified GES-type β-lactamases.

Methods
The GES LFIA was validated on 103 well-characterized Gram-negative isolates expressing various β-lactamases grown on Mueller–Hinton (MH) agar, chromogenic, and chromogenic/selective media.

Results
The limit of detection of the assay was 106 cfu per test with bacteria grown on MH agar plates. GES LFIA accurately detected GES-type β-lactamases irrespective of the culture media and the bacterial host. The GES LFIA was not able to distinguish between GES-ESBLs and GES-carbapenemases. Because GES enzymes are still rare, their detection as an ESBL or a carbapenemase remains important, especially because extensive use of carbapenems to treat ESBL infections may select for GES variants capable of hydrolysing carbapenems.

Conclusions
The GES LFIA is efficient, rapid and easy to implement in the routine workflow of a clinical microbiology laboratory for the confirmation of GES-type β-lactamases. Combining it with immunochromatographic assays targeting the five main carbapenemases (KPC, NDM, VIM, IMP and OXA-48) would improve the overall sensitivity for the most frequently encountered carbapenemases and ESBLs, especially in non-fermenters.
Recurrent spontaneousEscherichia colimeningitis in an adult: a case report
Authors: Amulele Anne V , Ong’ayo Gerald , Arara Alfred M , Machanja Edwin W , Etyang Anthony , Aliyan Nadia A , Wareham David W , Berkley James A , Gordon Nicola C 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to characterize an unusual case of spontaneous, community-acquired Escherichia coli meningitis in an adult presenting to a general hospital in Kenya, where initial clinical recovery was followed by reinfection with an MDR, hospital-acquired strain.Patient and methodsAn adult presented to a hospital in Kenya with meningitis symptoms. E. coli was cultured from CSF. Treatment with ceftriaxone was successful; however, the patient relapsed a few days later. E. coli was cultured from CSF and blood during the reinfection episode, though the patient died during admission. We sequenced the isolates using Illumina MiSeq and performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing, fitness and virulence assays on the bacteria.ResultsThe E. coli isolates from the two episodes were found to be distinct: the initial strain was ST88, serotype O8 H17 while the subsequent episode was caused by an ST167, serotype O101 H5 MDR strain. The ST88 strain was susceptible to all drugs except ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate while the ST167 strain was MDR, including to all β-lactam drugs due to the presence of the carbapenemase gene blaNDM-5. The hospital-acquired ST167 strain was also resistant to newer drugs such as cefiderocol and eravacycline, which are currently not available locally, and had overall lower fitness and virulence in vitro compared with the initial infecting strain.ConclusionsThough less fit and virulent in vitro, the MDR strain was fatal, suggesting that host factors, rather than bacterial virulence, may have been of greater importance in this patient’s outcome.
Non-stationary spatio-temporal point process modeling for high-resolution COVID-19 data
Authors: Dong Zheng , Zhu Shixiang , Xie Yao , Mateu Jorge , Rodríguez-Cortés Francisco J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Most COVID-19 studies commonly report figures of the overall infection at a state- or county-level. This aggregation tends to miss out on fine details of virus propagation. In this paper, we analyze a high-resolution COVID-19 dataset in Cali, Colombia, that records the precise time and location of every confirmed case. We develop a non-stationary spatio-temporal point process equipped with a neural network-based kernel to capture the heterogeneous correlations among COVID-19 cases. The kernel is carefully crafted to enhance expressiveness while maintaining model interpretability. We also incorporate some exogenous influences imposed by city landmarks. Our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art in forecasting new COVID-19 cases with the capability to offer vital insights into the spatio-temporal interaction between individuals concerning the disease spread in a metropolis.
Thrombolysis of bowel obstruction? A thought-provoking presentation of a common surgical pathology
Authors: Raythatha Jineel H , Tucker Bradley , Lester Geoffrey , Eather Samuel , Lambert Ben 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present a unique case of bowel obstruction with a hiatus hernia causing atypical chest pain with dynamic ST-segment elevation in a regional Australian emergency department. The ST elevation only resolved after nasogastric decompression of the bowel obstruction. Early thrombolysis of presumed myocardial infarction led to upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding that could have been avoided with timely diagnosis. An extensive review of literature, in addition to our case report, suggests bowel obstruction is a differential diagnosis for patients who have inferior pattern ST elevation but normal troponin presenting with atypical chest pain, nausea, vomiting and previous abdominal surgery.
Metalloproteinase-9 on the Ocular Surface of Patients With Implanted Boston Type 1 Keratoprosthesis
Authors: Arteaga Andrea C. , Weiss Margaret C. , Perez Raiza , Cortina María Soledad 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to characterize the presence of ocular surface inflammation, using matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as a marker, on the ocular surface of eyes with implanted Boston keratoprosthesis type 1 (KPro).

Methods:
Patients with implanted KPro at a single tertiary center were recruited to assess ocular inflammation. MMP-9 was measured using the InflammaDry test in both eyes of each patient. The non-KPro eye served as the control. Rate of positivity of MMP-9 was compared between groups. Possible associations between ocular surface inflammation and the development of postoperative complications were evaluated using univariate statistical analysis.

Results:
Fifty eyes from 25 patients were included. The mean age was 50 years. Noninflammatory indications for KPro were predominant among patients. Eighty-eight percent of KPro eyes had a positive test for MMP-9 while only 25% of control eyes were positive (P < 001). The most common complications were retroprosthetic membrane, epithelial defects, and sterile corneal melt. The presence of a strong positive result was associated with a higher frequency of complications (80% of eyes) compared with a faint positive test (54%) and a negative test (33%).

Conclusions:
The KPro device seems to increase MMP-9 levels on the ocular surface. High MMP-9 levels may be associated with higher risk of complications. MMP-9 testing can be useful to assess subclinical ocular surface inflammation with a potential role in the postoperative care of patients with KPro.
Prenatal Antidepressant Exposure and the Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Childhood: Accounting for Misclassification of Exposure
Authors: Esen Buket Öztürk , Ehrenstein Vera , Nørgaard Mette , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Pedersen Lars 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Many studies of prenatal antidepressant exposure and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have done little to reduce bias from exposure misclassification. We assessed the prenatal antidepressant–ADHD effect by incorporating information on repeatedly redeemed prescriptions and redemptions of drug classes commonly used in pregnancy in the analyses to reduce bias from exposure misclassification.

Methods:
Using population-based registries, we conducted a nationwide cohort study of all children born in Denmark from 1997 to 2017. In a former-user analysis, we compared children prenatally exposed, defined by a redeemed prescription by the mother during pregnancy, to a comparison cohort consisting of prenatally unexposed children whose mothers had redeemed a prescription before pregnancy. We incorporated information on repeatedly redeemed prescriptions and redemptions of drug classes commonly used in pregnancy in the analyses to reduce bias from exposure misclassification. We used incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and incidence rate differences (IRDs) as effect measures.

Results:
The cohort included 1,253,362 children, among whom 24,937 were prenatally exposed to antidepressants. The comparison cohort consisted of 25,698 children. During follow-up, 1,183 exposed children and 1,291 children in the comparison cohort developed ADHD yielding an IRR of 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.96, 1.15) and an IRD of 0.28 (95% CI = −0.20, 0.80) pr. 1,000 person-years. IRRs from analyses attempting to reduce exposure misclassification varied from 1.03 to 1.07.

Conclusions:
Our results were not consistent with the hypothesized effect of prenatal antidepressant exposure on the risk of ADHD. Attempts to reduce exposure misclassification did not alter this finding.
Acute central corneal haze and thinning with atypical keratitis presentation
Authors: Moshirfar Majid , Ward Matthew , Khan Saima A. , Kim Gene , Zhu Dagny , Afshari Natalie , Karimian Farid , Vaidya Neel S. , Majmudar Parag 
Published: March 2023

A 24-year-old woman presented with a 7-day history of blurry vision, redness, and extreme pain in her right eye. She had no pertinent medical or ocular history and did not use spectacles or contacts. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 20/40 in the right eye and could not be improved with refraction. Slitlamp examination revealed a 1.5 × 1.5 mm central epithelial defect with surrounding white blood cell recruitment. Confocal microscopy (Figure 1

JOURNAL/jcrs/04.03/02158034-202304000-00020/figure1/v/2023-08-19T002652Z/r/image-tiff

) was performed, and she was treated with chlorhexidine 0.02% drops every hour in the right eye. 2 weeks later, the cornea had completely re-epithelialized; however, persistent corneal haze, decreased visual acuity, and corneal thinning and flattening was noted. Pachymetry was 484 µm in the right eye and UDVA was 20/40 (Supplemental Figure 1, available at http://links.lww.com/JRS/A836). In the following 2 weeks, UDVA improved to 20/25. 6 months after the initial presentation, UDVA was unchanged and faint central corneal haze was noted on examination (Figure 2

JOURNAL/jcrs/04.03/02158034-202304000-00020/figure2/v/2023-08-19T002652Z/r/image-tiff

). Of interest, her family history is significant for her younger 16-year-old brother with 3 prior episodes of a similar type of keratitis/keratopathy over the course of 2 years in both eyes with similar central paracentral corneal haze, thinning, and flattening and similar confocal findings (Figure 3

JOURNAL/jcrs/04.03/02158034-202304000-00020/figure3/v/2023-08-19T002652Z/r/image-tiff

). He also was unresponsive to topical antibiotics and antivirals except topical chlorhexidine. Her brother has been our patient for the last several years prior to her first visit to our clinic.
What is your diagnosis? What medical diagnostic tests, if any, would you recommend? Is this an infectious or simply an inflammatory response? Is there any genetic or familial predisposition?
Development and Psychometric Testing of the Clinical Reasoning Scale Among Nursing Students Enrolled in Three Types of Programs in Taiwan
Authors: HUANG Hui-Man , HUANG Chu-Yu , LIN Kuan-Chia , YU Chia-Hui , CHENG Su-Fen 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
There is no instrument currently available to assess the essential nursing competency of clinical reasoning (CR).

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of CR assessment instrument appropriate for use with nursing students across different types of programs.

Methods
H. M. Huang et al.'s (2018) Framework of Competencies of Clinical Reasoning for Nursing Students was used to guide this study. Two rounds of Delphi study and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to test content and construct validity. Internal consistency was tested for reliability.

Results
The four-domain, 16-item Likert-scale Clinical Reasoning Scale (CRS) was developed. One thousand five hundred four nursing students currently enrolled in three different types of nursing programs completed the CRS. The content validity index was .85–1.0, the CFA indicated goodness of fit, and the Cronbach's α score range was .78–.89.

Conclusion
The CRS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing CR in nursing students in different types of nursing program.
A Feasibility Evaluation of the Need-Centered Watch–Assess–Need Intervention–Think Education and Training Program for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia
Authors: YANG Yueh-Ying , YANG Ya-Ping , CHEN Kuei-Min , WANG Chi-Jane , CHANG Su-Hsien , WANG Jing-Jy 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Despite the high prevalence of dementia among residents living in long-term care facilities in Taiwan, most care providers in these facilities have not received adequate training to deal with the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). An original care and management model for BPSD has been developed, and model-based recommendations for an education and training program have been made. However, empirical testing has not yet been conducted to determine the efficacy of this program.

Purpose
This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of using the Watch–Assess–Need intervention–Think (WANT) education and training program for BPSD in long-term care settings.

Methods
A mixed-method design was used. Twenty care providers and 20 corresponding care receivers (residents with dementia) from a nursing home in southern Taiwan were enrolled. Data were collected using a variety of measurement tools, including the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory, Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, Attitude towards Dementia Care Scale, and Dementia Behavior Disturbance Self-efficacy Scale. Qualitative data, including care-provider perspectives on the efficacy of the WANT education and training program, were also collected. Repeated measures were conducted on the results of quantitative data analysis, whereas content analysis was performed on the results of qualitative data analysis.

Results
Findings indicate that the program relieves agitated behavior (p = .01), alleviates depression in those with dementia (p < .001), and enhances care-provider attitudes toward dementia care (p = .01). However, no significant improvement was found in self-efficacy among the care providers (p = .11). In terms of qualitative outcomes, care providers indicated they perceived improved self-efficacy in managing BPSD, improved ability to view problems from a more need-centered perspective, improved attitudes toward dementia and patients' BPSD, and decreased care burden and stress.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice
The study found the WANT education and training program to be feasible in clinical practice. Because of this program's simple and easy-to-remember characteristics, it is recommended that it be vigorously promoted to care providers in both long-term institutional and home care settings to help them effectively address the BPSD.
Rectus sheath block versus local anesthetic infiltration in pediatric laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Liang , Liu Shuangmei , Cao Yanyan , Yan Lei , Shen Yang 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Rectus sheath block (RSB) and local anesthetic infiltration (LAI) are used for postoperative analgesia in pediatric laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. However, whether the analgesic effect of RSB is superior to LAI remains unclear. The authors hypothesized that RSB would reduce opioid consumption in patients.

Methods:
Patients aged 3–14 years scheduled for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair were randomly allocated to the RSB, local anesthetic infiltration high concentration (LAIHC), local anesthetic infiltration low concentration (LAILC), or control groups. Preoperatively, they received 0.4 ml/kg of 0.25% ropivacaine (RSB), 0.4 ml/kg of 0.25% ropivacaine (LAILC), or 0.2 ml/kg of 0.5% ropivacaine(LAIHC), and 0.2 ml/kg of normal saline (control). The primary outcome was equivalent morphine consumption.

Results:
The authors analyzed 136 patients (RSB, 33; LAIHC, 34; LAILC, 35; control, 34). Intraoperative morphine equivalent consumption was lower in the RSB group [0.115 (0.107−0.123)] than in the LAIHC [0.144 (0.137−0.151)], LAILC [0.141 (0.134−0.149)], and control [0.160 (0.151−0.170)] groups (P<0.001). In the post-anesthesia care unit, morphine equivalent consumption differed between the RSB [0.018 (0.010–0.027)], LAIHC [0.038 (0.028–0.049)], LAILC [0.056 (0.044–0.067)], and control [0.074 (0.063−0.084)] groups (P<0.001). The rescue morphine equivalent consumption did not differ significantly between the RSB [0.015 (0.007–0.023)] and LAIHC [0.019 (0.010–0.029)] groups, which were lower than that in the control group [0.037 (0.029–0.045)] (P=0.001).

Conclusions:
RSB can provide effective analgesia for pediatric laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, with better effectiveness than that of LAI at the same dose.