bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of H-2 Antigenic Sites by Enzymatic Treatment Influences Virus-Specific Target Cell Lysis
Authors: Ertl Hildegund C. J. , Koszinowski Ulrich H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Vaccinia virus-infected cells were treated enzymatically to remove H-2 antigenic sites. The effect of this procedure on virus-specific cell-mediated cytolysis (CMC) and virus-specific antibody-mediated cytolysis (AMC) was tested. Due to the inhibition of cellular proteinsynthesis by the vaccinia virus infection, H-2 antigenic sites were not resynthesized while there was a continuous production of viral surface antigens.
These cells with a high concentration of viral surface antigens and decreased H-2 determinants could be used as targets in the virus specific AMC. But they were not lysed in the virus specific CMC which emphasizes the significance of H-2 antigens during recognition of virus-specific determinants by T cells.
Mouse B and T Lymphocyte Responses to Purified Timothy Pollen Antigens in Vitro
Authors: Fairchild Sally S. , Malley Arthur 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purified populations of splenic B and T lymphocytes from LAF1 mice immunized with a crude extract of timothy pollen (WST) responded specifically to pollen antigens in an in vitro lymphocyte transformation system. The peak lymphocyte transformation response occurred 5 days after a secondary immunization and was the result of T-B cell cooperation in vitro. With two purified pollen antigens as in vitro stimulants we were able to define at least two antigen-specific populations of B cells and one population of T cells. These results were confirmed by inhibition studies with a monovalent hapten from WST, Antigen D.
Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis in the Guinea Pig: Characterization of Infiltrating Lymphocyte Populations
Authors: Paget Stephen A. , McMaster Philip R. B. , van Boxel John A. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis was induced in outbred guinea pigs by isoimmunization with thyroid extract in complete Freund's adjuvant. A digestion procedure using collagenase and deoxyribonuclease was used to make viable single-cell suspensions of pooled thyroid glands from groups of animals with advanced degrees of thyroiditis. Thymus-derived or T lymphocytes, identified by their capacity to form E rosettes with rabbit erythrocytes, were found to be the predominant (75%) infiltrating lymphocyte; bone marrow-derived or B cells consitituted most of the remainder. The infiltrates of inbred animals with thyroiditis were demonstrated to contain cells capable of mediating antibody-dependent lymphoid cellmediated cytotoxicity.
Isolation and Characterization of Guinea Pig Properdin
Authors: Nicholson Anne , Austen K. Frank 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Guinea pig properdin was purified to homogeneity by employing as an assay during isolation its capacity to augment the hemolytic activity of a heterologous human C3b-dependent C3 convertase, C. The purified protein elicited a monospecific antibody response in a rabbit. The antiserum, by immunodiffusion, gave a reaction of identity between a protein in whole guinea pig serum and the immunogen. A solid phase immunoadsorbent prepared with the antiserum removed properdin function from the purified protein. The purified guinea pig protein exhibited the classical properdin function of reconstituting a human RP for zymosan-induced C3 inactivation. The guinea pig properdin also agglutinated red cell intermediates bearing either guinea pig or human C3b and retarded the decay of homologous C3 convertase, C. These activities are the same as those observed for purified human properdin and validate the amplification function of properdin on terminal component activation in a second species.
Immunologic Reactivity of the Lung
Authors: Hunninghake Gary W. , Fauci Anthony S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effects of various in vitro and in vivo regimens of corticosteroid administration on guinea pig alveolar macrophages were studied. Corticosteroid-induced immunosuppression was assessed by the effect of drug administration on the total numbers and functional capabilities of alveolar macrophages as measured by the PHA-induced and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assays against sheep red blood cell targets. In vivo administration of either hydrocortisone sodium succinate (100 mg//kg/one dose) or cortisone acetate (100 mg/subcutaneously for 7 days) caused a marked increase in the numbers of alveolar macrophages recovered from the teased lung cell suspensions at 4 and 24 hr, respectively, after the last injection. Both regimens of corticosteroid administration cause similar levels of peripheral blood lymphocytopenia and monocytopenia, 4 and 24 hr, respectively, after the final injection. Neither in vitro hydrocortisone (0, 1, and 10 µg/ml), nor hydrocortisone (100 mg/kg), in vivo had any effect on either the PHA-induced or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of alveolar macrophages. In marked contrast, cortisone acetate, depo-preparation which gives sustained elevations of plasma cortisol levels similar to those found for a brief period after i.v. injection of hydrocortisone caused a marked decrease in cytotoxic effector function of alveolar macrophage suspensions. In a separate experiment, the suppressed killer cell function of the alveolar macrophages from steroid-treated animals was found not to be related to an intrinsic defect in killing of bound target cells since the defect in killing could be overcome by increasing the density of antibody and PHA on the target cells.
Interaction of DNP-Antigens with the First Component of Complement (C1̄)
Authors: Loos Michael , König Wolfgang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Evidence is presented that DNP-substituted human serum albumin (DNP-HSA) interacts with the first component of complement (C1̄). Fluid phase C1̄ was 60 times more sensitive to DNP-HSA than C1̄ bound to EAC4 (EAC1̄4). The inhibition of C1̄ was strongly dependent on the DNP substitution with optimal activity at approximately 60 DNP groups per HSA molecule. With higher numbers of DNP groups (64 to 68) no further increase of the inhibitory effect on C1̄ was evident. DNP-HSA had no effect on the esterolytic activity of C1̄s the consumption of C4 was not affected by highly substituted DNP-HSA. DNP-HSA, however, was able to precipitate C1q, indicating a direct interaction of DNP-HSA with C1q. The degree of C1q precipitation was strongly dependent on the DNP-HSA concentration. This behavior of DNP-HSA is similar to the interaction of LPS with C1̄ and differs from the C1̄-interaction of polyanions (i.e., dextran sulfate, polyvinyl sulfate, polyanethol sulfonate, etc.) where in addition to binding of C1q, the consumption of C4 by C1̄s is inhibited.
Conformational Integrity of Myoglobin after Immunization with Freund's Adjuvant
Authors: Smith John A. , Hurrell John G. R. , Leach Sydney J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The use of Freund's complete adjuvant for immunizing goats with myoglobin produces mainly antibodies directed against antigenic determinants present in the native protein. Only about 9% of the total antibodies produced are directed toward determinants not expressed in the native molecule. This shows that neither emulsification nor the subsequent in vivo events leading up to the immune response appreciably perturb the conformation of the protein surface.
Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Against Measles Virus in SSPE
Authors: Kreth Hans W. , Wiegand Gerd 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An analysis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) lymphocytes was performed in order to find out whether T or K cells were involved in killing of 51Cr-labeled allogeneic measles virus-infected target cells. Lymphocyte donors were three patients with SSPE, 10 measles seropositive controls and 2 children with measles rash. It was found that about 75% of measles-specific cytotoxicity was lost after removal of Fc-receptor-bearing cells by adsorption onto immune complex monolayers. K cell activity (as measured by lysis of 51Cr-labeled-sensitized chicken red blood cells) was reduced to the same extent. After adsorption, the enhancing effect by specific antibody was no longer observed. Unfractionated peripheral lymphoid cells that had been treated with pronase and kept in culture 24 hr were inactive in the cytotoxicity test when compared to freshly isolated cells. However, cytotoxicity could be restored almost completely by the addition of measles antibodies.
The results indicate that measles-specific cytotoxicity by peripheral lymphoid cells from all three groups of donors is mediated by K cells. It is probable that specificity is provided by a small amount of contaminating serum antibody or immune complexes.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Antigens Detected with Antisera to E Rosette-Forming and Non-E Rosette-Forming All Blasts
Authors: Borella Luis , Sen Luisa , Casper James T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Based on the presence or absence of erythrocyte receptors(E) a T cell marker, acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), can be divided into E+ALL and E-ALL. We studied cell surface antigens on blasts from 12 children with untreated ALL: eight with E-ALL and four with E+ALL. Heterologous antisera were raised against thymus cells, E+ and E-ALL blasts, approximately absorbed and tested by immunofluorescence and a radiolabeled antibody assay with normal and leukemic lymphoid cells. By both methods, anti-thymus and anti-E+ALL sera reacted with human thymocytes. Specific binding of anti-E+ALL serum to T antigens was indicated by the fact that a single absorption with thymocytes abolished its binding to allogenic thymocytes, and the reactivity of anti-E+ALL serum with thymus, blood and bone marrow lymphocytes was similar to that of anti-thymus serum. After exhaustive absorption with blood leukocytes, anti-E+ALL and E-ALL sera were negative against normal lymphocytes and bone marrow cells from children with ALL in remission. Antithymus and anti-E+ALL sera reacted with blasts from patients with E+ALL, but not with E-ALL. In contrast, anti-E-ALL serum reacted with 40 to 96% of blasts from all children with E-ALL, whereas of the four patients with E+ALL, two were negative and two had the lowest percentage of immunofluorescent cells (10 to 22%). These results were confirmed with the radiolabeled antibody assay. Patients with active E-ALL had cells bearing E-ALL antigen(s) in the peripheral blood and bone marrow, but the number of immunofluorescent cells was lower in blood. Cells reactive with anti-E-ALL sera also were consistently found in sequential bone marrow or blood samples from children with E-ALL who had relapsed and were resistant to chemotherapy. Anti-E-ALL serum did not react with thymus cells, blood lymphocytes, remission bone marrow cells, Raji cells, PWM and PHA-induced blasts and CLL cells bearing mIg (uk). These data suggest that the antigen detected on E-ALL blasts by anti-E-ALL serum is neither a HLA-related nor a cell differentiation antigen.
Thus, by using antiserum to E+ALL blasts, we have confirmed the presence of a T cell-specific antigen(s) on E+ALL cells. This antiserum did not recognize other leukemia-associated antigens common to E+ and E-ALL. We have also demonstrated an antigen(s) which is regularly expressed on E-ALL blasts and is either not detectable or is present in a lower proportion of E+ALL blasts.
IgE Synthesis in Man
Authors: Nagel James , Svec Dianna , Waters Tomi , Fireman Philip 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Specific IgE and IgG antibodies were measured in 39 adolescent and adult humans preselected to have less than 0.125 antitoxin units (AU) ml of tetanus antitoxin (IgG) irrespective of previous immunization history. Mean antitoxin values (IgG) measured by sheep red cell hemagglutination (SRBC) increased by 2 logs to 1.49 AU/ml sera for tetanus and by 1 log to 0.025 AU/ml sera for diphtheria. Specific tetanus IgE was noted to increase after immunization from a mean 2.0 ± 0.2% counts bound to 3.1 ± 0.6% counts bound, but was not statistically significant. Diphtheria-specific IgE rose significantly (p &lt; 0.05) from a mean 1.5 ± 0.2% counts bound to a mean 4.0 ± 1.2% counts bound in atopic individuals and from a mean 1.2 ± 0.0% counts bound to a mean 2.2 ± 0.5% counts bound in nonatopics. These data document the development of tetanus and diphtheria IgE antibodies after booster immunization.
Coincident Hepatitis B Surface Antigen and Antibodies of Different Subtypes in Human Serum
Authors: Tabor Edward , Gerety Robert J. , Smallwood Linda A. , Barker Lewellys F. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Three patients with simultaneously detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti-HBs) in their sera were studied for subtypes of HBsAg and anti-HBs. In each case anti-HBs was found to be directed to a different subtype than that of the circulating HBsAg, indicating that reinfection (or simultaneous infection) with a second subtype occurred.
Uncommon Gm Phenotypes in Sera from Neuroblastoma Patients
Authors: Morell Andreas , Käser Hans , Scherz Rudolf , Skvaril Frantisek 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Gm phenotypes and IgG subclass levels were determined in the sera of 68 patients with neuroblastoma. The frequency of the uncommon phenotypes Gm(a+,f+,g-,b+) and Gm(a+,f+,g+,b-) was found to be significantly higher in the neuroblastoma group than in normal blood donors (p &lt; 0.001). IgG subclass concentrations in the nine sera with uncommon Gm phenotypes and in the sera of neuroblastoma patients were inconspicuous.
Complete Humoral Immunosuppression of Mice by Rabbit Anti-μ Antibodies Passing the Murine Placenta
Authors: Manning Dean D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Female BALB/c mice were immunosuppressed with a series of neonatally initiated rabbit anti-μ serum injections, which eliminated serum IgM and greatly delayed production of antibodies against normal rabbit serum (anti-NRS). Females thus prepared maintained circulating anti-μ levels for several months. Study of the progeny from pregnancies completed during this maintenance period revealed that rabbit anti-μ antibodies readily cross the murine placenta but are not passed in murine colostrum at levels detectable by the technique used. Anti-NRS antibodies actively produced in NRS-injected control females do cross the placenta, but do so only irregularly and poorly; these antibodies may, however, be detected consistently at relatively low levels in colostrum. Suppression of humoral immunoglobulin synthesis in most mice prenatally exposed to anti-μ antibodies by transplacental passage appeared complete, even including loss of the remnant IgG levels which are consistently seen in mice first exposed to anti-μ at birth. The appearance of serum IgG and anti-NRS antibodies along with the complete absence of serum IgM in mice recovering from suppression suggests that active IgM synthesis and secretion may not be a prerequisite for the IgM to IgG “switch.” Immune recovery occurred even in completely immunosuppressed mice after anti-μ injections were discontinued; the mechanism of recovery is not certain.
Fractionation of Lymphocytes Involved in the Generation of Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity over Insolubilized Conjugated Histamine Columns
Authors: Shearer Gene M. , Simpson Elizabeth , Weinstein Yacob , Melmon Kenneth L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spleen cells from normal BALB/c mice were cultured in vitro with irradiated C57BL/6 stimulating cells. Five days later the T cell-mediated cytotoxic activity of the effector cells was assessed with a 51Cr-release assay that used H-2bEL-4 tumor cells as targets. Before the BALB/c responding lymphocytes were sensitized they were fractionated by passing the spleen cells over insolubilized histamine rabbit serum albumin Sepharose columns (H-RSA-S) or over rabbit serum albumin Sepharose (RSA-S) control columns. Fractionation of cells over the H-RSA-S columns depleted or significantly reduced the cytotoxic potential of the unretained cells. All cytotoxic potential was recovered when the cells that adhered to the H-RSA-S were eluted from the columns. In contrast, no effect on responsiveness was detected after the cells had been fractionated over the control column. The loss of response potential by the cells that did not adhere to H-RSA-S could not be accounted for by removal of macrophages nor by the concentration of cells with suppressor activity in the effluent. These cell fractionation studies raise the possibility but do not prove that cytotoxic precursor cells may express amine receptors that could be responsible for their retention by insolubilized histamine columns.
Selective Proteolysis of the J Chain Component in Human Polymeric Immunoglobulin
Authors: Koshland Marian Elliott , Chapuis Rose Marie , Recht Bernard , Brown John Clifford 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To clarify the losses that have been observed in the J chain portion of human IgM and IgA, were carried out studies on the enzymatic susceptibility of the J polypeptide. When Waldenström macroglobulins and myeloma IgA polymers were subjected to limited proteolysis with various endopeptidases, only subtilisin was found to attack the J chain component. The pattern of cleavage was a function of the polymer species. The J chain in IgM was highly susceptible to digestion, quantitative cleavage being achieved at very low enzyme to IgM ratios and without significant changes in the remaining pentamer structure. Analyses of the digestion products showed that the initial cleavage occurred at an exposed region midway in the J sequence and was followed by extensive degradation of the carboxy-terminal segment. These findings indicated that the observed loss of the IgM J component can be explained by the inadvertent introduction of subtilisin in vitro or by the attack of in vivo enzymes with a specificity similar to subtilisin. In contrast, the IgA J chain was found to be much more resistant to subtilisin proteolysis; its cleavage required higher enzyme concentrations and was accompanied by significant degradation of the α-chains. Thus, it appears unlikely that the IgA J polypeptide is degraded by either in vitro or in vivo enzymes unless its accessibility is first enhanced by changes in the IgA Fc structure.
Relationship between Trinitrophenyl and H-2 Antigens on Trinitrophenyl-Modified Spleen Cells
Authors: Forman James , Vitetta Ellen S. , Hart David A. , Klein Jan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spleen cells were treated with TNBS in order to determine if cell surface H-2 antigens are derivatized with TNP. By labeling the cell membrane of the TNP-modified cells with 125I, followed by detergent lysis and immune precipitation with anti-TNP, it was determined that no H-2 antigenic activity remained in the supernatant. Further, by the use of an antibody-induced antigen redistribution assay it was found that previous exposure of TNP-modified cells to anti-TNP in the absence of complement rendered these cells resistant to lysis by anti-H-2 in the presence of complement. Together these data indicate that at the concentration of TNBS used for modification, H-2 antigens are derivatized with TNP. However, in addition to H-2, other proteins including immunoglobulin were also derivatized with TNP.
Anti-TNP cytotoxic effector cells were blocked from their cytotoxic activity by anti-TNP antiserum. These data indicate that TNP directly couples to H-2 antigens on the cell surface of TNP-modified cells and that TNP is associated with the antigenic determinant that the cytotoxic T cell recognizes.
Relationship between Trinitrophenyl and H-2 Antigens on Trinitrophenyl-Modified Spleen Cells
Authors: Forman James , Vitetta Ellen S. , Hart David A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spleen cells were modified with varying concentrations of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and then assayed for both their ability to stimulate syngeneic spleen cells into displaying a cytotoxic effect against TNP-modified target cells and for the extent of TNP derivatization of H-2 antigens. It was found that there was a direct correlation between the extent of derivatization of H-2 antigens and the ability of such derivatized cells to act as stimulator cells in the TNP-CML assay. Thus, these data lend support to the altered self or interaction antigen hypothesis as the explanation for the H-2 gene restriction of syngeneic CML.
Target cells were also modified with TNBS at varying concentrations to determine the optimal concentration required to permit lysis in the CML assay. The results of these experiments indicate that similar concentration ranges of TNBS are required to create antigenic determinants on the target cells as well as immunogenic determinants on the stimulator cells that can be recognized by cytotoxic T cells.
Regulation of Antibody Response in Different Immunoglobulin Classes
Authors: Kimoto Masao , Kishimoto Tadamitsu , Noguchi Sanai , Watanabe Takeshi , Yamamura Yuichi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In vitro induction of anti-DNP IgE as well as IgG1, IgG2a antibody responses was shown in murine spleen cell culture. Spleen cells primed three times with 1 μg of DNP-OA or DNP-Asc produced significant amounts of anti-DNP IgE as well as IgG antibodies by the in vitro stimulation with DNP-OA or DNP-Asc, respectively. Collaboration between DNP-primed B cells and carrier-primed T cells was required for the induction of both IgE and IgG antibodies with DNP-coupled T-dependent antigen. Carrier-specific T cells induced with a low dose of Asc (0.01 μg) showed helper function only on IgE antibody response, whereas T cells primed with a higher dose of Asc (10 μg) cooperated only with IgG-B cells. T cells primed with Asc in CFA showed helper function mainly on IgG antibody response but not on IgE antibody response. The result indicated the presence of a distinct population of T helper cells for IgE and IgG antibody responses. T-independent antigen (DNP-Ficoll) induced both anti-DNP IgE and IgG antibody responses in DNP-primed spleen cell population without the requirement of the collaboration of helper T cells.
Specificities of Killing by Cytotoxic Lymphocytes Generated in Vivo and in Vitro to Syngeneic SV40 Transformed Cells
Authors: Gooding Linda R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cell-mediated immunity to SV40-transformed C3H and C3H·SW cell lines was measured by using both 51Cr and 125IUdR release assays. Killing by cytotoxic cells generated on in vitro sensitization of immune spleen cells with syngeneic SV40 cells by either assay is specific for syngeneic SV40 transformants. Cytolysis mediated by in vitro sensitized cells is ablated by treatment of the effector cells with anti-θ serum and complement. Intraperitoneal immunization with syngeneic SV40 cells yields two distinct killer-cell populations in the peritoneal exudate when assayed by 125IUdR release. The first, nylon wool nonadherent and sensitive to anti-θ and complement, is indistinguishable from the killers generated in vitro. The second population, present in larger numbers and more efficient on a per-cell basis in killing of SV40 targets than the first, is nylon adherent and is not removed by treatment with anti-θ and complement. This second population will kill any SV40 transformed target, whether syngeneic or allogeneic. The possible roles of T cell and non-T cell effectors in rejection of syngeneic SV40 tumors are discussed.