bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pesticide residues in herbs and their transfer for infusions
Authors: Caldeirão Lucas , Godoy Helena Teixeira , Fernandes José , Cunha Sara C. 
Published: June 2023

In this work, a cost‐effective gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry method was validated for the analysis of twenty‐five pesticide residues in herbs and infusions using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe procedure or a dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction method, respectively. Figures of merit of the method showed good accordance with current guidelines. From the 58 herb samples studied (pertaining to 20 different species), 80% presented at least one detectable pesticide, with 62% of them above the maximum residual level. Results showed that pesticide residues from naturally contaminated herbs were not transferred at a significant rate to the herbal infusions. When a control assay was conducted by spiking a blank herb sample with a large amount of each pesticide (7 mg/L) 15 analytes were detected below the limit of quantification in the infusion.
Research on the relationship between defense technology innovation and high‐quality economic development: Gray correlation analysis based on panel data
Authors: Cai Daran , Hu Jin , Jiang Hongtao , Ai Fengyi , Bai Tingting 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBased on panel data from 2010 to 2019, this study examines the relationship between defense science and technology innovation and high‐quality economic development at the provincial level in China. Using the gray correlation analysis method of panel data and an evaluation index system of high‐quality economic development, we calculate the gray correlation coefficient and decompose its time‐series gray correlation degree and cross‐sectional. Our findings indicate that the correlation between defense science and technology innovation and high‐quality economic development in China is generally stable during 2010–2019. However, Beijing stands out as an exception with a correlation coefficient of less than 0.5. Furthermore, there is regional gray correlation heterogeneity with the smallest correlation degree found in the eastern region and the largest in the northeast region. Based on our results, we propose three countermeasure suggestions: first, to balance national defense construction and economic construction; second, to optimize national defense science and technology strategy according to local conditions; and third, to effectively utilize industrial structure advantages. In summary, our study contributes to the literature by highlighting the relationship between defense science and technology innovation and high‐quality economic development in China. Our findings provide implications for policymakers and practitioners to make informed decisions in achieving sustainable and high‐quality economic development.
How much food tracking during a digital weight‐management program is enough to produce clinically significant weight loss?
Authors: Xu Ran , Bannor Richard , Cardel Michelle I. , Foster Gary D. , Pagoto Sherry 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify the levels of food‐tracking adherence that best predict ≥3%, ≥5%, and ≥10% weight loss at 6 months and to identify distinctive food‐tracking trajectories among participants in a 6‐month, commercial digital weight‐management program.MethodsThis study used data from 153 participants of a single‐arm trial of a commercial digital weight‐management program, WeightWatchers (WW). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to identify the optimum thresholds of food tracking that can predict ≥3%, ≥5%, and ≥10% weight loss at 6 months. Time series clustering analysis was performed on weekly food‐tracking data to identify trajectories and compare trajectories on weight loss at 6 months.ResultsROC analyses showed that the optimum thresholds of food tracking were 28.5% of the intervention days to achieve ≥3% weight loss (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.820, p < 0.001), 39.4% to achieve ≥5% weight loss (AUC = 0.744, p < 0.001), and 67.1% to achieve 10% weight loss (AUC = 0.712, p = 0.002). Time series clustering analyses found three food‐tracking trajectories. Trajectories differed significantly in weight loss at 6 months (F = 14.1, p < 0.001).ConclusionsResults suggest that perfect food‐tracking adherence is not necessary to achieve clinically significant weight loss.
An N‐glycopeptide MS/MS data analysis workflow leveraging two complementary glycoproteomic software tools for more confident identification and assignments
Authors: Kuo Chu‐Wei , Chang Ning‐En , Yu Pei‐Yu , Yang Tzu‐Jing , Hsu Shang‐Te Danny , Khoo Kay‐Hooi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractComplete coverage of all N‐glycosylation sites on the SARS‐CoV2 spike protein would require the use of multiple proteases in addition to trypsin. Subsequent identification of the resulting glycopeptides by searching against database often introduces assignment errors due to similar mass differences between different permutations of amino acids and glycosyl residues. By manually interpreting the individual MS2 spectra, we report here the common sources of errors in assignment, especially those introduced by the use of chymotrypsin. We show that by applying a stringent threshold of acceptance, erroneous assignment by the commonly used Byonic software can be controlled within 15%, which can be reduced further if only those also confidently identified by a different search engine, pGlyco3, were considered. A representative site‐specific N‐glycosylation pattern could be constructed based on quantifying only the overlapping subset of N‐glycopeptides identified at higher confidence. Applying the two complimentary glycoproteomic software in a concerted data analysis workflow, we found and confirmed that glycosylation at several sites of an unstable Omicron spike protein differed significantly from those of the stable trimeric product of the parental D614G variant.
Discovery of phosphonate derivatives containing different substituted 1,2,3‐triazole motif as promising tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) helicase inhibitors for controlling plant viral diseases
Authors: Li Zhenxing , Yang Binxin , Ding Yue , Zhou Xiang , Fang Zimian , Liu ShuaiShuai , Yang Jie , Yang Song 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe discovery and identification of targets is of far‐reaching significance for developing novel pesticide candidates and increasing the probability of success. To explore and identify highly effective tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) helicase‐targeted lead structures, a series of novel phosphonate derivatives containing a 1,2,3‐triazole motif were rationally engineered and their antiviral activity was assessed.ResultsBioassay results showed that the optimized B17 exhibited more potent curative activity (EC50 = 271.5 μg mL−1) against TMV in vivo, which was superior to that of commercial Ribavirin (EC50 = 689.3 μg mL−1). B17 presented a stronger binding capacity through binding analysis with helicase, affording a corresponding value of 12.7 μM. Enzyme activity assay showed B17 exhibited excellent inhibitory activity on TMV helicase (39.2% at 300 μM). Furthermore, molecular docking simulations demonstrated that B17 displayed strong hydrogen‐bond interactions (2.1, 2.1, 2.2, and 3.2 Å) with Ala‐33, Gly‐10, Gly‐8, and Glu‐217 of TMV helicase. Encouragingly, transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that B17 could remarkably disrupt surface morphology and inhibit TMV proliferation. Additionally, these compounds also displayed potential anti‐CMV (cucumber mosaic virus) and antipathogens (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri) by expanding their applications in agriculture.ConclusionCurrent research demonstrated that B17 could be considered as a potential antiviral agent alternative though targeting TMV helicase. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Augmented reality simulation as training model of ventricular puncture: Evidence in the improvement of the quality of punctures
Authors: Domínguez‐Velasco César F. , Tello‐Mata Isaac E. , Guinto‐Nishimura Gerardo , Martínez‐Hernández Adriana , Alcocer‐Barradas Víctor , Pérez‐Lomelí Juan S. , Padilla‐Castañeda Miguel A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundVentricular puncture is a common procedure in neurosurgery and the first that resident must learn. Ongoing education is critical to improving patient outcomes. However, training at the expense of potential risk to patients warrants new and safer training methods for residents.MethodsAn augmented reality (AR) simulator for the practice of ventricular punctures was designed. It consists of a navigation system with a virtual 3D projection of the anatomy over a 3D‐printed patient model. Forty‐eight participants from neurosurgery staff performed two free‐hand ventricular punctures before and after a training session.ResultsParticipants achieved enhanced accuracy in reaching the target at the Monro foramen after practicing with the system. Additional metrics revealed significantly better trajectories after the training.ConclusionThe study confirms the feasibility of AR as a training tool. This motivates future work towards standardising new educative methodologies in neurosurgery.
Language Report Dutch
Authors: Steurs Frieda , Vandeghinste Vincent , Daelemans Walter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides a new state of affairs (Steurs et al. 2022) with regard to language technology (LT) for Dutch (after Odijk 2012). LT for Dutch is highly developed, and the Netherlands and Flanders have a strong and cooperative LT community. A lot of digital data is freely available through CLARIN and the Dutch Language Institute (INT). However, data and software have to be updated continuously, and there is a need for a new overarching programme to support research initiatives.
Language Report Finnish
Authors: Lindén Krister , Dyster Wilhelmina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDuring the last ten years, digitalisation has changed the way we interact with the world creating an increasing demand for language-based AI services. In the field of language technology, the Finnish language is still only moderately equipped with products, technologies and resources. The situation has improved in recent years, but still support for automated translation leaves room for ample improvement, as the general support for spoken language is modest in industry applications although some recent research results are encouraging. We take stock of the existing resources for Finnish and try to identify some remaining gaps.
Language Report Galician
Authors: Sánchez José Manuel Ramírez , Fernández Laura Docío , García-Mateo Carmen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter reports on the current state of Language Technology (LT) for Galician. The main conclusion is that there are a limited number of resources, products, and technologies for the Galician language with text-based technologies and services being more mature than those based on speech processing. We start with general facts about Galician, followed by a high-level qualitative description of the LT situation for Galician, and conclude with recommendations for bridging the gap between Galician LT with Spanish and the other co-official languages of Spain.
Language Report Greek
Authors: Gavriilidou Maria , Giagkou Maria , Loizidou Dora , Piperidis Stelios 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTechnological support for Greek, one of Europe’s lesser spoken languages, has progressed in the past decade, while LRTs have both increased in volume and improved in quality and coverage. Despite this progress, when compared to the ‘big languages’, Greek is obviously disadvantaged. Prominent among the challenges is the fact that LT is not included in the language policies or AI strategies of Greece and Cyprus, i. e., the significance of language-centric AI is still not officially recognised. Lack of continuity in research and development funding is an additional factor hampering progress. A Europe-wide coordinated initiative focused on overcoming the differences in language technology readiness for European languages coupled with national targeted actions is considered necessary.
State-of-the-Art in Language Technology and Language-centric Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Agerri Rodrigo , Agirre Eneko , Aldabe Itziar , Aranberri Nora , Arriola Jose Maria , Atutxa Aitziber , Azkune Gorka , Campos Jon Ander , Casillas Arantza , Estarrona Ainara , Farwell Aritz , Goenaga Iakes , Goikoetxea Josu , Gojenola Koldo , Hernáez Inma , Iruskieta Mikel , Labaka Gorka , Lacalle Oier Lopez de , Navas Eva , Oronoz Maite , Otegi Arantxa , Pérez Alicia , Viñaspre Olatz Perez de , Rigau German , Salaberria Ander , Sanchez Jon , Saratxaga Ibon , Soroa Aitor 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter landscapes the field of Language Technology (LT) and language- centric AI by assembling a comprehensive state-of-the-art of basic and applied research in the area. It sketches all recent advances in AI, including the most recent deep learning neural technologies. The chapter brings to light not only where language-centric AI as a whole stands, but also where the required resources should be allocated to place European LT at the forefront of the AI revolution. We identify key research areas and gaps that need to be addressed to ensure LT can overcome the current inequalities.
Language Report Icelandic
Authors: Rögnvaldsson Eiríkur 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn 2019, the Icelandic Government launched a three-year Language Technology Programme for Icelandic (LTPI). Within this programme, a number of language resources and tools have been built from scratch and several pre-existing resources and tools have been enhanced and improved. This programme is now finished and the situation for Icelandic with respect to language technology has improved considerably. In spite of this, Icelandic still remains a low-resourced language compared to most official European languages.
Language Report Luxembourgish
Authors: Anastasiou Dimitra 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is a small and multilingual country. The national language is Luxembourgish, and the legislative language is French. French, German and Luxembourgish are the three administrative and judicial languages. There are about 650,000 inhabitants and the majority of Luxembourgers speak four languages. As of March 2021, there were 59,000 Wikipedia articles written in Luxembourgish. Luxembourgish is very under-resourced when it comes to data resources and tools. This chapter provides a brief overview of the current level of support that Luxembourgish receives through technology (Anastasiou 2022).
Language Report Norwegian
Authors: Eide Kristine , Kåsen Andre , Løyning Dale Ingerid 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe use of Language Technology (LT) has greatly increased in Norway in recent years, as have the linguistic resources needed to make them work. In the past 10 years, Norwegian has adopted new or improved versions of machine translation, speech technology, chatbots and digital assistants, and machine learning has improved. Nevertheless, LT for both written standards of the Norwegian language – the majority Bokmål and minority Nynorsk – is nowhere near the same level as that of major European languages such as English, German, French and Spanish.
Language Report Slovak
Authors: Garabík Radovan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFor Slovak, all the fundamental NLP building blocks for basic applications exist, but they are often of lesser quality and lower accuracy than those of other languages. The availability of free and open tools and data is rather low, with most of the resources proprietary. Compared to neighbouring languages of similar levels of NLP development (Czech, Polish, Hungarian), Slovak is positioned toward the lower end of this group. Slovak language support by “big players” in the LT industry is comparable to other European languages with similar size; speech recognition and synthesis work acceptably while machine translation between Slovak and English is almost good enough to be used by professionals as a source for post-editing. Spell checkers, LT-assisted mobile phone input, OCR and lemmatised fulltext search are taken for granted, although their quality is significantly lacking compared to bigger European languages.
Language Report Slovenian
Authors: Krek Simon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAround 2.5 million people around the world speak or understand Slovene, with the vast majority of them living in the Republic of Slovenia where it is the official language. The constitution grants the right to use their mother tongue to Italian and Hungarian minorities in certain municipalities. In terms of Language Technology, the Slovene CLARIN.SI consortium plays the key role in the community; all major Slovene institutions involved in the development of LT resources, tools and services are members of the consortium. In contrast, the number of private companies in Slovenia specialising in LT for Slovene remains low, and most of the LT products come either from the (Slovene) academic sphere via national or EU funding, or from the big international IT companies that cover a large number of languages.
Language Report Welsh
Authors: Prys Delyth , Watkins Gareth 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, based on Prys et al. (2022), an update to the META-NET White Paper (Evas 2014), we present Language Technology (LT) for the Welsh language, providing an overview of the status of Welsh in Wales and a summary of the Welsh writing system and typology. We describe key tools and our recommendations for Welsh LT and associated resource development.
Consulting the Community: How to Reach Digital Language Equality in Europe by 2030?
Authors: Hajič Jan , Giagkou Maria , Piperidis Stelios , Rehm Georg , Resende Natalia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter describes the community consultation process carried out in the European Language Equality (ELE) project concerning the future situation in 2030. Due to its central status for the future-looking activities within the project, this chapter introduces the second part of the present book. We gathered, analysed and structured the views, visions, demands, needs and gaps of European Language Technology (LT) developers, both industry and academia, and European LT users and consumers. Additionally, based on these collected findings and other evidence, we attempted to derive a thorough description of the steps to take to reach Digital Language Equality (DLE) in Europe by the year 2030 and, moreover, what the field of LT will look like in Europe in about ten years from now.
European Language Technology in 2022/2023
Authors: Giagkou Maria , Lynn Teresa , Dunne Jane , Piperidis Stelios , Rehm Georg 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter presents the results of an extensive empirical investigation of the digital readiness of European languages, and provides a snapshot of the support they are offered through technology as of 2022. The degree of digital readiness was assessed on the basis of the availability of language resources and technologies for each language under investigation and a cross-language comparison was performed. As a complementary approach, the perspectives and opinions of LT users, developers and the regular citizen were acquired in order to fully understand the EU’s LT landscape. Both the objective empirical findings and the voice of the community clearly indicate that there is an extreme imbalance across languages when it comes to the individual levels of technological support. Although the LT field as a whole has demonstrated remarkable progress during the last decade, this progress is not equally evidenced across all languages, posing, more acutely than ever before, a threat of digital extinction for many of Europe’s lesser supported languages.
Deep Dive Speech Technology
Authors: Skowron Marcin , Backfried Gerhard , Navas Eva , Bērziņš Aivars , Bogaert Joachim Van den , Jong Franciska de , DeMarco Andrea , Hernáez Inma , Kováč Marek , Polák Peter , Rohdin Johan , Rosner Michael , Sanchez Jon , Saratxaga Ibon , Schwarz Petr 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides an in-depth account of current research activities and applications in the field of Speech Technology (ST). It discusses technical, scientific, commercial and societal aspects in various ST sub-fields and relates ST to the wider areas of Natural Language Processing and Artificial Intelligence. Furthermore, it outlines breakthroughs needed, main technology visions and provides an outlook towards 2030 as well as a broad view of how ST may fit into and contribute to a wider vision of Deep Natural Language Understanding and Digital Language Equality in Europe. The chapter integrates the views of several companies and institutions involved in research and commercial application of ST.
Strategic Plans and Projects in Language Technology and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Aldabe Itziar , Farwell Aritz , Rigau German , Rehm Georg , Way Andy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter on existing strategic plans and projects in Language Technology and Artificial Intelligence is based on an analysis of around 200 documents and is divided into three sections. The first provides a synopsis of international and European reports on Language Technology. The second constitutes a review of existing European Strategic Research Agendas, initiatives, and national plans related to Language Technology. The third contains a SWOT analysis designed to identify the factors that will need to be addressed to help solve the challenge of digital language inequality in Europe. Among the principal conclusions presented is the contention that our continent requires sophisticated multilingual, cross-lingual and monolingual LT for all European languages: LT for Europe that is made in Europe.
Language Report Basque
Authors: Sarasola Kepa , Aldabe Itziar , Ilarraza Arantza Diaz de , Estarrona Ainara , Farwell Aritz , Hernáez Inma , Navas Eva 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSince 1968 Basque has been immersed in a process of revitalisation that has faced formidable obstacles. Nonetheless, significant progress has been made in numerous areas. The Language Technology community widely accepts the standardised language and constructs efficacious LT tools. After thirty years of collaborative work, research has resulted in state-of-the-art technology and robust, broad-coverage NLP for Basque. However, a dramatic difference remains between Basque and other European languages in terms of both the maturity of research and the state of readiness with respect to language technology solutions.
Language Report Bosnian
Authors: Ćušić Tarik 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt is objective to state that there are no language technologies for the Bosnian language or initiatives for the digitalisation of the Bosnian language. Therefore, it is necessary to take initial steps towards technological support for the Bosnian language, in order to prevent its digital extinction. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, no programmes aimed at the research and development of language technology products have been initiated. The Bosnian language is present in the digital sphere more or less as much as it is included in foreign, multilingual tools and resources, which are mostly related to Machine Translation (Google Translate and others).