bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract 53: Implementing Equitable Cancer Support Program: Lessons From Cervical Cancer Chemotherapy Access Program (C3AP)
Authors: Lawal Qudus , Adoke Kasimu Umar , Tuko Jummai Jimeta , Garba Aminu Magashi , Lawal Ishak K. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: There is an inverse relationship between diagnosis to initiation of treatment interval and outcome of cancer treatment. A significant number of diagnosed cervical cancer patients don’t receive timely treatment in low resource settings. The Cervical Cancer Chemotherapy Access Program (C3AP) is one of End Cervical Cancer Nigeria Initiative’s interventions to IMProve Access to Cervical Cancer Treatment (IMPACT) in low resource settings. This report provides documentary evidence of the evolution of the implementation of the C3AP and highlights best practices that can be scaled up.
Methods: The C3AP was conceptualized to increase the proportion of diagnosed cervical cancer patients that receive timely treatment by exploring adjuvant and neoadjuvant role of chemotherapy in the management of cervical cancer patients in settings where access to radiotherapy services can not be guaranteed.
We instituted Plan Do Study and Act (PDSA) quality improvement cycle for the C3AP and used RE-AIM framework to study the implementation processes to be acted upon as part of the PDSA quality improvement process towards improving reach of the program.
Results: The C3AP supported treatment of only 4 patients over the reporting period of 5months. Poor referral to the program is a major hurdle the program is battling. Only 2(17%) of the 12 confirmed cases of cervical cancer diagnosed in the facility within the 5month study period were able to access chemoradiation, suggesting a missed opportunity for 6/10(60%) that couldn’t afford chemoradiation. The program evolved over a PDSA cycle to eliminate social eligibility in the criteria to access the support thereby able to shorten application -support interval to same day with potential positive impact on prognosis.
Conclusion: Providing equitable support for indigent cancer patients should be beyond the emotion to help humanity. We recommend the use of structured quality improvement for all programs providing support to indigent cancer patients to ensure implementation fidelity.
Citation Format: Qudus Lawal, Kasimu Umar Adoke, Jummai Jimeta Tuko, Aminu Magashi Garba, Ishak K. Lawal. Implementing Equitable Cancer Support Program: Lessons From Cervical Cancer Chemotherapy Access Program (C3AP) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 53.
Abstract 58: Leaving Cancer Patients Behind for Greener Pastures: The Clinical Oncology Workforce in Nigeria
Authors: Chidebe Runcie C.W. , Orjikor Tochukwu C. , Balogun Onyinye , Joseph Adedayo , Toland Samantha , Simons Alison 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: For a population of over 201 million, Nigeria has only 4 doctors per 10,000 patients and 16.1 nurses, midwives per 10,000 patients, and less than 100 clinical oncologists for over 100,000 cancer patients. While Nigeria has one of the worst disease burdens in the world and a workforce shortage; 9 in 10 Nigerian physicians are seeking opportunities to leave for the USA, UK, and Canada. To improve oncology care in Nigeria, it may be important to understand the push and pull factors contributing to the migration of the clinical oncology (CO) workforce. Mathew (2018), Vanderpuye, et al., (2019), Balogun, et al., (2017), and Adebayo, (2016) have done research on CO; however, their studies were vastly focused on the African continent and not country-specific nor focused on the CO workforce in Nigeria.The aim of this study is to explore the push and pull factors to stay or leave the clinical oncology workforce in Nigeria.
Methods: Using a mixed-method research approach, 80 participants completed the questionnaire and 9 participants responded to semi-structured interviews. Multiple linear regression and Grounded theory were used for the data analysis.
Results: The results show that CO workload and satisfaction were significantly related to turnover intention. The qualitative results showed that CO as a new area of specialization, mentorship, career growth, and attractiveness of radiation science are the pull factors. While, high CO workload, poor healthcare system, poor remuneration, corruption in the public sector, and a few other themes are push factors. Empathy for patients, patriotism and a sense of fulfillment unexpectedly emerged as retention factors in the study.
Conclusion: Nigeria can improve patient treatment outcomes by the reduction of CO workload through the employment of more CO. More CO can be available for employment when they are attracted, and their training is optimized. Those employed can be retained by improving working conditions and introducing work benefits. Our recommendations are that health leaders should create more CO training and awareness of CO in Nigeria.
Citation Format: Runcie C.W. Chidebe, Tochukwu C. Orjikor, Onyinye Balogun, Adedayo Joseph, Samantha Toland, Alison Simons. Leaving Cancer Patients Behind for Greener Pastures: The Clinical Oncology Workforce in Nigeria [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 58.
Abstract 59: LNP-CRISPR Gene Editing Enables in Vivo ATAD3A Depletion and Induces the Remission of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Teng Yong , Chen Fanghui , Lang Liwei , Li Yamin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Targeting mitochondrial oncoproteins presents a new concept in developing effective cancer therapeutics. ATAD3A, a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial enzyme, represents a promising target for combating head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but currently no drug is available to target it directly. CRISPR-Cas9 has been intensively used to modify cancer-associated genes. Using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system could deplete ATAD3A in HNSCC cells, but challenges remain as CRISPR editing components must be transported into cells to exert their function. There is a need to explore effective in vivo delivery systems to accelerate the clinical use of CRISPR-Cas9.
Methods: We developed and optimized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to deliver Cas9 mRNA along with single guide RNA that targeted ATAD3A in the mouse tongue tumors. Molecular alterations were examined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Cancer cell growth was assessed by MTT, colony formation, soft agar, and 3D cultures. The therapeutic efficacy in tumor development was evaluated in orthotopic tongue tumor NSG mice.
Results: We developed CRISPR-based ATAD3A-targeting nanodrugs by loading Cas9 mRNA and anti-ATAD3A sgRNAs into LNPs. Treatment tongue tumors established in NSG mice with LNP-sgATAD3A remarkably repressed tumor growth and downregulated the mitochondrial ERK1/2 oncogenic signaling. As the ATAD3A-ERK1/2 signaling axis drives HNSCC development in a RAS-independent fashion, the addition of LNP-sgATAD3A to the RAS inhibitor salirasib potentiated anticancer activity for HNSCC compared with single arm treatment.
Conclusion: Our significant findings demonstrate a novel approach to inhibiting ATAD3A in tumors and provide a possible therapeutic strategy to enhance the success of multimodality therapy in cancer patients.
Citation Format: Yong Teng, Fanghui Chen, Liwei Lang, Yamin Li. LNP-CRISPR Gene Editing Enables in Vivo ATAD3A Depletion and Induces the Remission of Head and Neck Cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 59.
Abstract 66: Oral Lesions Associated With Tobacco Smoking in Adolescents/Adults Dwellers in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Ogundana Oladunni , Uti Omolara , Sofola Oyinkansola , Adeyemo Wasiu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: To determine the oral lesions of smoking amongst adolescents and adults in Lagos State, Nigeria.
Methods: A multistage sampling method was used to select 3 Local Government areas from the three districts in Lagos state. Using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and oral examination data was collected from 2,486 participants. Questions included; duration and amount of cigarettes smoked. While the examination was done with the use of ORALID to identify lesions, and ‘Bedfont Pico smokerlyzer’ to validate smoking status. The chi-square test was used to test differences in proportions.
Results: Adolescents constituted 16.5% of the study population, and 58.4% of the total were males. The prevalence of current smokers was 9.2%, and of this 73.6% were daily smokers. There was a 2.6 times higher risk of halitosis (26.6% vs 10.4%), 7.7 times higher risk of smoker’s palate (15.3% vs 2.0%), and 8.6 times higher risk of melanosis (21.6% vs 2.5%) in current smokers compared to nonsmokers. A statistically significant association was noted between smoking status and the presence of oral lesions (P &lt;0.0001). Abnormal oral finding was noted in 3.9% of the subjects, and this was significantly higher in current smokers (21.1%) than in nonsmokers (4.1%).
Conclusion: The occurrence of oral lesions was significantly higher in current smokers compared to nonsmokers. Appropriate tobacco cessation programs and prompt management of potentially malignant lesions are recommended measures to reduce the occurrence of oral cancers in cigarette smokers.
Citation Format: Oladunni Ogundana, Omolara Uti, Oyinkansola Sofola, Wasiu Adeyemo. Oral Lesions Associated With Tobacco Smoking in Adolescents/Adults Dwellers in Lagos, Nigeria [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 66.
Abstract 68: Preparing for the Next Pandemic: An Asian National Cancer Centers Alliance (ANCCA) Initiative
Authors: Ong Sok King , Gatellier Laureline , Matsuda Tomohiro 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: The COVID-pandemic has shown significant impact on cancer care from early detection, management plan to clinical outcomes of cancer patients. The devastating effects of COVID-19 seen worldwide have underscored the need for better preparation of the next pandemic.
Methods: Based on the experiences and lessons learnt from the COVID-19 pandemic, the Asian National Cancer Centers Alliance (ANCCA) has put together the 9 “Ps” as guidelines for cancer programs to better prepare for the next pandemic.
Results: The 9 “Ps” are Priority, Protocols and Processes, Patients, People, Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs), Pharmaceuticals, Places, Preparedness, and Politics.
Priority: to maintain cancer care as a key priority in the health system response even during a global infectious disease pandemic.
Protocols and processes: to develop a set of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and have relevant expertise to man the Disease Outbreak Response (DORS) Taskforce before an outbreak.
Patients: to prioritize patient safety in the event of an outbreak and the need to reschedule cancer management plan, supported by tele-consultation and use of artificial intelligence technology.
People: to have business continuity planning to support surge capacity.
PPEs and Pharmaceuticals: to develop plan for stockpiles management, build local manufacturing capacity and disseminate information on proper use and reduce wastage.
Places: to design and build cancer care facilities to cater for the need of triaging, infection control, isolation and segregation.
Preparedness: to invest early on manpower building and technology innovations through multisectoral and international collaborations.
Politics: to ensure leadership which bring trust, cohesion and solidarity for successful response to pandemic and mitigate negative impact on the healthcare system.
Conclusion: It is important to evaluate the lessons learnt, leverage on the silver linings arising from the crisis and re-examine our strategies, processes, and guidelines on cancer control from research and evidence related to the impact of COVID-19 on cancer prevention and control as well as the escalation in healthcare cost from delayed diagnosis of cancer and late stage cancer treatments are also urgently needed. This “9 Ps” guide put together by ANCCA aims to serve as a summary guide or reminders for cancer centres or programme to better prepare for the next pandemic.
Citation Format: Sok King Ong, Laureline Gatellier, Tomohiro Matsuda. Preparing for the Next Pandemic: An Asian National Cancer Centers Alliance (ANCCA) Initiative [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 68.
Abstract 71: Regional College Women in the United States (U.S.) Report Low Health Literacy Regarding Basic Genital Biology and Cervical Cancer Risk Factors
Authors: Ellington Joanna , Clifton Dennis , Fremlin Jenny , Stokes Erisa , Shuster Jessica 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Oncogenic genital diseases, triggered by genital dysbiosis and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, can be prevented by improved health literacy in women. However, uptake of preventative strategies such as the HPV vaccine, are low in some U.S. communities (&lt;50%). This study evaluated health literacy (language framing for and understanding of) basic genital biology and cervical cancer risk factors in U.S. college women.
Methods: English-speaking undergraduates (n=36) at public (mostly Texas) and private (mostly California) institutions, self-directed to participate in individual, structured interviews via video or phone. Data transcripts were analyzed and scored for thematic responses to open-ended questions.
Results: Over 80% of women wanted to know more about genital biology (“what is normal”) and cancer prevention. Individual understanding of genital biology and cervical cancer risk factors was low (scoring range from 0 = know nothing to 5 = understanding a lot). Knowledge (mean +/- SD) about normal vaginal bacterial physiology, and cervical cancer risk factors, both scored very low at only 1 +/- 1. Over 2/3 of women lacked the words and/or agency to describe genital symptoms without stress to healthcare providers. About 1/3 of women had no ability to list any cervical cancer risk factors, with most in this group not recalling any prior genital health education.
Recurrent barriers to improved health literacy included: 1) belief that information lacked pertinence to them based on faith or culture, 2) inhibited care-seeking due to privacy issues (e.g. family insurance or campus clinics), 3) misinformation about genital biology or cancer causes, and 4) poor willingness or opportunity to discuss genital health with providers. The most requested change to genital healthcare was a desire for a biology curriculum taught from a functional perspective (for greater accessibility across faiths and cultures) with closer implementation to college and sexual debut.
Conclusions: Knowledge of genital biology and cervical cancer risks was low in this group of U.S. college women (mean score 1/5 for some aspects). Prevention of genital cancers requires a multi-pronged approach that addresses genital biology, while accepting varied social determinants of health and diverse domains of influence for women across the U.S.
Citation Format: Joanna Ellington, Dennis Clifton, Jenny Fremlin, Erisa Stokes, Jessica Shuster. Regional College Women in the United States (U.S.) Report Low Health Literacy Regarding Basic Genital Biology and Cervical Cancer Risk Factors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 71.
Abstract 73: Specific Activity of GSTs and Protein Expression of GSTT1, GSTP1 and CYP1A1 in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Masood Nosheen , Yasmin Azra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Rising incidence of head and neck cancer have been observed in developing countries over last decade. It has been postulated that carcinogen detoxifying genes may be involved directly or indirectly in pathogenesis of head and neck cancer. Three genes (CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTP1) were studied for their association with head and neck cancer. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) is phase I enzyme while glutathione S transferases (GSTs) constitute the phase II detoxification enzymes. Abnormal protein expression of CYP1A1 and GSTs lead to cancer initiation.
Methods: The current case control study was designed to evaluate the possible associations of these enzymes with head and neck cancer. Serum GSTs activity was determined by using ELISA and CYP1A1, GSTT1, GSTP1 expression in tissue by immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies.
Results: Mean serum GSTs specific activity was 7.7 (+11.5)U/L and control was 11.4 (+7.5)U/L. Significant decrease (P&lt;0.05) in GSTs specific activity was observed in head and neck cancer patients compared to controls (P&lt;0.001). Moreover, CYP1A1 and GSTT1 was down expressed whereas GSTP1 was over expressed in head and neck cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal control tissue.
Conclusion: Conclusion: Decreased activity of GSTs, reduced expression of GSTs, CYP1A1, GSTT1 and increased expression of GSTP1 may contribute to head and neck cancer development in Pakistani population.
Citation Format: Nosheen Masood, Azra Yasmin. Specific Activity of GSTs and Protein Expression of GSTT1, GSTP1 and CYP1A1 in Head and Neck Cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 73.
Abstract 81: The Introduction of a High Risk HPV DNA Test for the Cervical Cancer Screening Among Mongolian Women
Authors: Bayarsaikan Enkhjargal 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: A global strategy developed by the World Health Organization aims to reduce cervical cancer burden by screening 70% of women with high performance tests at least twice during their lifetime. While Mongolia has implemented a PAP test-based cervical cancer screening program over the past few decades, cervical cancer remains the leading cause of death in the country. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce high-risk HPV DNA detection tests in cervical cancer screening program.
Methods: Cervical screening was conducted in 6 districts of the UB and in 4 regional provinces between March 01 and July 01, 2019. A high risk HPV DNA test was conducted on all women using the careHPV test, and then all positive samples were double-tested using the PAP test. All positive women were followed by HPV genotyping test and colposcopy with direct biopsy or endocervical curettage as necessary.
Results: A total of 2725 women were screened for HPV DNA, with 8.5%(239) of these detecting high risk HPV DNA, and 61% (138) of positive results having a negative result for intraepithelial neoplasia as determined by PAP tests. It was determined that 10% of samples contained atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 4% contained atypical squamous cells of unknown significance, and cannot exclude high grade, 17% of the samples contained low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and 10% contained high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. A colposcopy examination was performed on 181 women who were high-risk HPV DNA positive. An abnormal colonoscopy result was observed in 18% of the women, for which biopsies were taken. A total of 31% of them were confirmed with CIN I, 31% with CIN II, 9% with CIN III, 11% with CIS, and 6% with SCC. Additionally, 105 high-risk HPV DNA-positive samples were genotyped for HPV. There were 25.7% of individuals who were found to have HPV genotype 16, 4.7% who were found to have HPV genotype 18, and 69.6% who were found to have other high-risk genotypes.
Conclusion: By incorporating high-risk HPV DNA tests into cervical cancer screening program, its coverage and effectiveness could be increased.
Citation Format: Enkhjargal Bayarsaikan. The Introduction of a High Risk HPV DNA Test for the Cervical Cancer Screening Among Mongolian Women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 81.
Abstract 88: Transferring Cancer Research to Implementation: Key Enabling Factors in Caribbean Settings
Authors: Telesford Lindonne , Charles Shawn , Nixon Sonia , Gabriel Owen , Joseph Sherry-Ann , Noel Caroline , Macpherson Calum 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Research on cancer risk, epidemiology, and patient care in the Caribbean region is increasing. The need for cancer prevention education, cancer patient education, and patient social and psychological support are evident. Nonetheless, cancer education and patient support services are limited in both quantity and quality in several of the small island developing Caribbean states. These countries remain challenged to find responsive and cost-effective solutions to address the rising burden of the disease.
Methods: The Caribbean Cancer Portal (CCP) was created by the Windward Islands Research and Education Foundation (WINDREF), in collaboration with local and regional partners, following a pilot study to better understand challenges encountered in cancer service delivery for persons affected by the disease in one Caribbean country. Education and patient support emerged as prominent areas of demand. Challenges that ensued from the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown were also reported and highlighted the immediate need for incorporating innovative approaches in cancer service delivery. The Portal caters to virtual interactions between a diverse community of users in live education sessions, discussion fora, local, regional and international directory services, education materials postings, and patient care information with the intended outcomes of enhanced knowledge, timely and informed decision-making, and receipt of additional support for cancer prevention and patient care.
Results: Processes that evolved in establishing the CCP highlight lessons of better practices around the following themes: diverse, inclusive, and strategic partnerships extending beyond local levels; leveraging and maximizing resources through existing public and private institutions and structures; developing need-focused interventions that address all faculties through which health and wellbeing is ensured; application of scientific principles and concepts in intervention designs; and feedback to inform implementation and scale up strategies that are expansive but also sustainable.
Conclusion: The lessons are transferrable across institutional and community-based initiatives, particularly in low- and middle-income country settings, to enhance sustainability, accessibility, and impact of cancer programs.
Citation Format: Lindonne Telesford, Shawn Charles, Sonia Nixon3, Owen Gabriel, Sherry-Ann Joseph, Caroline Noel, Calum Macpherson. Transferring Cancer Research to Implementation: Key Enabling Factors in Caribbean Settings [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 88.