bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical research and maintenance of electro hydraulically controlled injectors
Authors: Zhigadlo A. P. , Makushev Yu. P. 
Published: January 2023

Introduction.Nowadays the part of the diesel engines for KamAZ-740 cars are operated with fuel equipment, in which the injectors have hydro mechanical control. Their main disadvantage is the low fuel pressure in front of the injector openings (less than 60 MPa) and the lack of fuel supply control.The use of injectors with electro hydraulic control (EHC) increases the pressure in the injector cavity up to 250 MPa and control the fuel injection process. The disadvantage of the injectors with EHC is a structural complexity of a control valve, the difficulty of its regulation and coding. The object of the study is the injectors of KamAZ-740 diesel engine with electro hydraulic control of the atomizer needle stroke.The purpose of this work is to carry out theoretical research and improve the methods of maintenance of injectors with electro hydraulic control (control valve regulation and coding), which will increase their reliability, durability and ensure a reduction in diesel fuel consumption.Research methods.The study of the nozzle control valve is theoretical and calculated. The paper proposes a calculation method and performs theoretical studies for the influence of pressure (50 – 250 MPa) on the value of the effective flow section and the diameter of the nozzle holes of the sprayer.For the injectors with EHC, the control valve regulation procedure has been clarified, which consists in the fact that at the beginning of regulation, the main force acting on the ball from the side of the maximum pressure in the control chamber (for example, 200 MPa) equal to 76 N is calculated (see Figure 4). Then the required spring force of 100 N is determined (20-40% more, see Figure 5). Next, the strength of the electromagnet is estimated at 140 N (20 – 40% more of the spring force, see Figure 6).The results of theoretical research.The results of computational (theoretical) studies for the effective flow section of the sprayer and the diameter of the nozzle holes, depending on the pressure P in front of the nozzle holes, are presented.The paper defines.1. The forces acting on the ball (57 – 105 N) depending on the pressure in the control chamber (150 – 275 MPa). 2. Spring forces (40 – 140 N) with a stiffness of 40 N /mm, depending on its compression up to 3.5 mm. 3. The forces of the electromagnet (140 – 20 N) depending on the gap between the anchor and the core (0.2 – 0.5 mm).The method of restoring the required (rated) cyclic fuel supply when it changes as a result of replacing the control valve or adjusting is considered. The calculated values of fuel supply per cycle (mm3/cycle) from the activation time are given.Conclusion.The results of the study are intended for organizations and enterprises engaged in diagnostics, restoration, adjustment and coding of injectors with electro hydraulic control for the needle stroke of sprayers. The results of computational studies can be used to refine the methodology of maintenance of fuel systems with electronic control (Common Rail).
Digital transport traseology based on Agisoft Metashape and unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Nedobitkov A. I. 
Published: January 2023

Introduction. A vehicle and trace evidence analysis is one of the most requested types of examinations performed within the framework of criminal cases on road traffic accidents. The main methodical guidelines for traffic and trace evidence analyses were developed in the past century, while nowadays the fourth industrial revolution is on the rise. The industrial revolution is based on computer and information technologies, various software and hardware tools. Hence there is a vital necessity in update of the vehicle and trace evidence analysis methodology in order to conform to current-day realities.Materials and methods. Results of use of the unmanned aerial vehicle and Agisoft Metashape software are presented in the article in the context of specific road traffic accidents. It was made clear that application of this method has the following advantages: firstly, time of fixation of objects of the roadway network, vehicles and their traces on traffic ways is significantly reduced; secondly, fixation accuracy is improved; thirdly, use of the method makes it possible to establish all actual facts needed to perform analysis of the mechanism of a road traffic accident. Digital models obtained using this method could be used for 3D modeling, what offers an opportunity for more accurate determination of a mode and an angle of approach of vehicles before an accident with significant reduction of financial and time expenditures.Results. It was shown that digital models of road traffic accident sites and vehicles could be entered into the case file in general as well as into an expert’s statement in particular. Such entering will improve objectivity and believability of the conducted examination. Digital models of road traffic accident sites (digital twins) could be stored for an indefinitely long time and could contain the entire information on physical accident scene. Therefore such digital models are considered as valuable information while performing additional or repeated examinations.Conclusion. The proposed method for creating a digital model of a vehicle or a site of a traffic accident can be used in digital transport traceology.
Development of a semantic map for an unmanned vehicle using a simultaneous localisation and mapping method
Authors: Rodionov O. A. , Rasheed B. 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The field of unmanned technologies is rapidly developing and a lot of research is being conducted on the practical application of artificial intelligence algorithms to solve complex problems on the road. The difficulties in the perception of the surrounding world by the machine led to the appearance of special High definition maps. These maps are used to simplify and improve the quality and reliability of other subsystems from the stack of autonomous technologies, such as localization, prediction, navigation and planning modules. In modern literature, there are mainly works on the practical application of such maps, and the process of developing a map remains outside the scope of consideration.The aim of the work is to create a methodology for designing semantic maps for autonomous vehicles with a detailed description of each of the development stages.Materials and methods: The article describes the methodology for creation of HD maps, which includes the stages of data collection using SLAM (Simultaneous localization and mapping) approach, its further processing and the development of the semantics of the road network. The described algorithm is applied in practice to develop the semantic map of Innopolis city area using SLAM approach with LIDAR inertial odometry via smoothing and mapping (LIO-SAM).Results: The main stages of the methodology for creating HD maps for autonomous vehicles have been proposed and investigated. Authors implemented the proposed concept in practice and described in detail the process of creating a semantic map for the Innopolis city area.Conclusions: The proposed methodology can be used for any type of autonomous robots (ground vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicle, water transport) and can be implemented in different road conditions (city, off-road), depending on the information the map should provide for the implementation of the goals and objectives set for the autonomous vehicle.
Updating parameters of an information model for road construction flow in work development project
Authors: Bobrova T. V. 
Published: January 2023

Introduction. The article reflects the main trends and problems in the development of information modelling technology in the Russian road industry. A set of mutually integrated domestic software products is presented that provide the formation and support of information models of roads in the life cycle process. It has been established that the transition from traditional simulation modelling of building flows to information modelling of flow systems requires a detailed analysis of the lower elements of the flow structure. Such elements in the system of an integrated road construction flow include linear specialized detachments.Models and methods. A single information model of an object as part of the construction organization project (COP) forms the overall strategy for managing the construction of the road. At the stage of the project for the production of works (PPW), it is necessary to take into account the technical and technological features of the contractor in the calendar plan. At the PPW level, it is necessary to create a new structure and define the parameters of this structure in such a way as to satisfy the specified restrictions established by the COP in terms of time and costs, and also provide for certain reserves for insuring possible risks. The aim of the study is to develop a methodology for information modelling of a specialized road flow as part of the PPW, taking into account the optimization and updating of its parameters in relation to the conditions of the contracting organization.Results. A modelling algorithm has been developed for creating an updated structure of a specialized linear flow in an integrated computer environment, which provides visualization of a construction site, control and operational management of work in a shared data environment. An example of the implementation of this method is considered when designing a specialized flow, first as part of a COP, with the subsequent updating of this model in the MS Project program when developing a PPW based on a typical flow chart.Conclusion. The use of information modelling creates wide opportunities for analyzing and monitoring the progress of work at the construction site of a linear flow, and also allows you to perform prompt automated restructuring of the loading of detachment vehicles when adjusting the amount of work at the work sites.
“Ukrainian wave” in the context of music life in modern Switzerland
Authors: Vardanyan Olga 
Published: January 2023

Relevance of the study. The struggle of the Ukrainian people for freedom and independence has caused a great international wave of sympathy and, at the same time, interest in Ukraine and its artistic heritage. Intensification of cultural communication with other countries actualizes the need to understand the mechanisms of cultural life in Europe, the USA, other countries of the West and East. The study of the audience of classical music concerts is important because the listener is the final consumer of the music product. Studying the mechanisms of organizing a large international festival on the example of Lucerne Festival is important and promising.
Main objectives of the study. To highlight the problem of perception of Ukrainian music by the Swiss public and to describe the ways to overcome it in the context of the mechanisms of organization of musical life in Switzerland.
Methodology. The research is based on general scientific empirical (observation, description) and theoretical (generalization, comparison) methods. Statistical and sociological methods are used to identify patterns in the change of preferences of the European public in recent years.
Results and conclusions. The research summarized the experience of foreign scientists in studying the problem of audience aging. Some theories such as the theory of generations and the cohort effect are highlighted. Approaches to attracting new generations to the audience of classical music concerts are generalized. Problem areas in the perception of Ukrainian art by the European audience are identified and ways to overcome the problem are proposed.
Prospects for further research. The actual lack of research on the third link of the triad "composer — performer — listener" and the relevance of the object promotes further research in this area. Particular importance is the focus on foreign listeners, the search for ways to "translate" the meanings underlying the Ukrainian artistic product.
The timbre composition of Claude Debussy’s “Prélude à l’Après-midi d'un faune”: stylistic aspect
Authors: Zharkov Oleksandr , Kokhanyk Iryna 
Published: January 2023

Relevance of the study. In the 20th–21st centuries art music the timbre component determines the processes of form creating, features of composition and dramaturgy, and becomes an essential component of a composer’s individual style system. This makes it necessary to distinguish and to define the concept of timbre composition, to study its functions in forming the text of a music work.
The purpose of the article is to study the timbre composition of “Prélude à l’Après-midi d’un faune” by Claude Debussy in the aspect of the composer’s individual style.
Methods. The methods of system and functional analysis are used, as well as the stylistic method, which gives possibility to determine the specific features of the timbre composition in the work.
The results and conclusions. The analysis of Debussy’s “Prélude à l’Après-midi d’un faune” score proves that the timbre composition clarifies the composer’s intention. The logic of the orchestral timbres changes is aimed at embodying the concept of dissolution, a gradual departure from the subjective through the dramaturgic idea of abandoning timbre solos (pure timbres), from the coloristics of one color to the diversity of all colors and shades, through the movement from pure timbre to doublings and mixes. The uniqueness of the composer’s timbre strategy is the chain of solos (flute — oboe — clarinet — violin — flute), which provides a colorful timbre development of the theme and the entire themes of the piece.
At the same time, the timbre composition deepens the three-part structure of the work. It is the timbre design that strengthens the gestural affinity of the themes and the gestural connections between the sections of the work. The study of the text confirms that the timbre composition–its exquisite structure, multilevel symmetry and perfection of proportions–reflects the main features of Debussy’s composing style. Even today, this work remains a source of inspiration for musicians of the 20th–21st centuries, who develop the timbral possibilities of sound, coloristic sound, and constructivism in the creating of music form. The experience of analyzing the timbre composition of “Prélude à l'Après-midi d'un faune” can be useful when studying modern art music works.
PROGRAMACIÓN DE INTERFAZ GRÁFICA EN APP DESIGNER DEL MATLAB PARA REPRESENTAR LA SERIE DE FOURIER EN CURSO INTRODUCTORIO DE TELECOMUNICACIONES
Authors: HUAMANÍ NAVARRETE Pedro 
Published: January 2023

This article describes the procedure for the implementation of a graphical user interface using the App Designer development environment of the Matlab software and its Toolbox Signal Processing and Symbolic Math, which allowed obtaining the Fourier Series coefficients for seven periodic signals followed by a graphical representation in the domain of time and frequency through pulses. Likewise, this
interface was implemented using various components such as Drop Down, Button, Knob, Axes, among others, which allowed the choice of the number of sinusoidal components used in the decomposition, as well as the choice of the type of signal, its amplitude, frequency, DC level and duration time of the same. Therefore, this implementation complements the teaching-learning process developed remotely for a topic in the Telecommunications I course of the 6th academic semester of the Electronic Engineering Degree at Ricardo Palma University. Finally, the graphical results are presented for the case of four choices of periodic signals, with different amplitudes, frequencies and DC levels; as well as the numerical results in terms of the mean square error, showing a lower value for the triangular signal despite using a reduced number of sinusoidal components
Preparation of Al/SiC Composite Coatings on the Surface of Aluminum Alloy through Atmospheric Plasma Spraying
Authors: Li Jianping , Li Lei , Yang Zhong , Guo Yongchun , Gao Peihu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this work, Al/SiC composite coatings were deposited on the surface of aluminum alloys through atmospheric plasma spray. The effects of SiC volume in Al/SiC composite powders on the deposition behavior and the properties of the Al/SiC coatings were investigated. It was found that there were decarburization and oxidation during the deposition of pure SiC powders in the plasma flame. With the increase of SiC content, the deposition of the Al/SiC composite powder became more difficult through plasma spray. There were cracks between pure SiC and the bond coat on the Al alloy substrate resulting in poor adhesion between them. The hardness of the composite coating became higher with the increase of SiC contents. The Al/SiC(50:50) deposit with a thickness of 70 µm and a hardness of 369 Hv resulted in a strengthening and protection on the surface of Al alloy.
Deposition and Characterization of Thermally Sprayed Coatings Prepared by a Nanostructured Martensitic Steel Powder
Authors: Zois D. , Lekatou A. , Karantzalis A.E. , Vardavoulias M. , Vazdirvanidis A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Thermal spraying (APS and HVOF) of an agglomerated nanostructured powder, based on the composition of a commercial martensitic steel, is introduced. The nanostructure of the produced powder is examined by means of microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The influence of the two different processes on crucial properties such as porosity, microhardness, adhesion, and wear resistance is studied. High wear resistance is noted for both coatings. The HVOF coating, especially, showed better wear performance in comparison with the APS coating and the bulk martensitic steel. The superiority of the HVOF coating over the APS coating regarding the aforementioned properties is attributed to a higher retention of the nanostructure of the starting powder, higher peening and relatively low oxidation.
Combined Diffusion Barrier and Wear-Resistant Thermal Spray Coatings on Light-Weight Charging Racks in Furnace Applications
Authors: Lampke T. , Drehmann R. , Rupprecht C. , Trimis D. , Gilbert M. , Uhlig V. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Due to its low weight and excellent dimensional stability, carbon fibre-reinforced carbon (C/C) gains more and more importance as construction material for light-weight charging racks in industrial furnaces. However, for high-temperature applications above 1,000 °C, C/C has to be protected with a diffusion-inhibiting coating in order to avoid an undesired carburization of components which are in contact with the charging rack. In the present work, coatings were produced by means of atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) and powder flame spraying (PFS). The ceramic powders Al2O3, Al2O3/Cr2O3, Al2O3/TiO2 and yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) were used as coating materials, while molybdenum and silicon carbide served as adhesion-promoting intermediate layers. In order to reduce the residual stresses in the ceramic coatings, specimens with a defined segmented surface structure were compared with conventional closed coatings. Long-term high-temperature tests in several atmospheres were conducted on laboratory scale as well as in industrial practice.
Thermal Spraying of Zinc and Zinc-Aluminium Alloys for Corrosion Protection
Authors: Prenger Frank , Spriestersbach Jochen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Thermally sprayed coatings of zinc, and in particular zinc-aluminium alloys, offer maximum corrosion protection for steel structures and reinforcing steel in concrete. They are primarily produced by arc or flame spraying. The surfaces of zinc and zinc alloy spray coatings can be protected by sealing top coats. This produces an optimum combination of passive and active corrosion protection and allows a service life of over 20 years. The development of new materials assumes intensive investigations. This paper provides an overview of the properties of thermally sprayed zinc and zinc-aluminium alloys as well as their microstructure and investigates the corrosion protection effect in tests and near-practical conditions.
Molten Zinc Corrosion Mechanism of HVOF Sprayed WC-Co Coatings
Authors: Huang Tsai-Shang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Surface treatment for sink rolls is an important issue due to the hostile environment in the zinc pot. Thermal sprayed WC-Co coating is one of the solutions to prolong the life of the rolls and to improve the quality of the galvanized steel sheets. In this study, a high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray gun was used to prepare nano-structured and conventional WC-Co coatings. After immersion in the zinc pot for six weeks, some coatings were seriously damaged. Cross-sectional microstructure and elemental analysis were performed to determine the corrosion morphology and mechanism. The results showed the nanostructured coating is less corrosion resistant than the conventional one in molten zinc. The molten zinc intrudes through cracks to attack the substrate which causes major destruction of the coating.
The Effects of Abrasive Conditions on the Performance of Tungsten Carbide-Based Metal Matrix Composite Overlays
Authors: Fisher G. , Wolfe T. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Typically, standard alloys do not have the wear resistance properties necessary to combat the aggressive wear and corrosive conditions prevalent throughout the oil sands mining process. For production-critical components, it is common to apply tungsten carbide-based metal matrix composite (WC-MMC) overlays to extend equipment life and prevent unplanned outages. The performance of composite overlays is very much dependent on the wear-environment. This paper will discuss how the interactions between abrasive conditions and the mechanical and structural properties of the WC-MMCs are key in determining the resultant levels of performance. Such information can lead to a better selection of materials and subsequent extended component life.
Development of Nano-Porous Alumina Catalyst Support by Anodic Oxidation of Thermally and Kinetically Sprayed Aluminum Coatings
Authors: Sakata K. , Tagomori K. , Sugiyama N. , Takenouchi M. , Shinya Y. , Suzuki Y. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In order to minimize environmental burden, green technologies should be important in the 21st century. High-performance catalyst layer would make significant contribution through reforming of hydrocarbon fuels, removal of toxic molecules such as CO and NH3 from exhaust gas, reduction of nitrogen oxide (NOx) formation in combustion, and efficient conversion of chemical energy to thermal energy in small scales. Among various kinds of catalyst support, nano-porous alumina (Al2O3) developed with anodic oxidation of aluminum (Al) layers attracts much attention due to its extremely-large specific area, easy controllability of porosity and coating thickness, and large bond strength with the substrate. In our previous studies, we have developed a micro-scale catalytic combustor with a palladium (Pd) /nano-porous Al2O3 catalyst layer, aiming at micro thermophotovoltaic power generation system, which could realize higher energy density than Li-ion batteries. In this paper, we use kinetic- and plasma-spraying for the deposition of Al, and examine the effect of the Al deposition methods on the nano-pore density. It is found that a large number of dislocations in the kinetically sprayed Al particle provide much higher nano-pore density by anodic oxidation. It is also found that nano-porous Al2O3 layer kinetically sprayed and anodized has better characteristics as the catalyst support.