bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-dependent effects on palate volume and morphology during orthodontic RME treatment
Authors: Kinzinger Gero Stefan Michael , Lisson Jörg Alexander , Buschhoff Charlotte , Hourfar Jan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) shows different age-dependent effects. It has been shown that RME leads to a parallel expansion prior to the age of 10, while later and especially from the age of 12, a V-shaped expansion happens (transverse, anterior > posterior; horizontal, inferior > superior). However, it is not clear to what extent these effects influence palatal volume and morphology and eventually maxillary functional space. The aim of the present study was to examine possible age-related effects of treatment with a dental anchored RME appliance upon volume and width/height ratio of the anterior and posterior palate.

Materials and methods
Sixty children and adolescents with documented treatment histories after RME were divided into three equal groups according to age at treatment begin (PG 1, < 10 years, n=20; PG 2, 10 ≤ 12 years, n=20; PG 3, > 12 years, n=20). Maxillary dental casts before and after therapy were digitised. Changes in palatal volume were determined using 3D analyses.

Results
In all patients, the palatal volume increases significantly after RME. Older patients experienced smaller increases in total and posterior volume in absolute and percentage terms. The anterior palate volume increases are almost equal in all patients. Since palatal width increases more markedly than palatal height, the width/height ratio always increases. Except for the posterior region in PG 3, its increase is significant in all groups, both anteriorly and posteriorly. After successful RME, the palatal morphology appears normal anteriorly in PG 1, PG 2 and PG 3 and rather steep posteriorly in PG 3.

Conclusions
RME treatment with identical force application causes different, age-dependent effects upon palate volume and morphology. Width changes have a greater influence on palate volume than height changes.

Clinical relevance
It is preferable to use an RME prior to the age of 10 if homogeneous changes of the anterior and posterior palate regarding maxillary symmetry and functional space are desired.
Ratings and experiences in using a mobile application to increase physical activity among university students: implications for future design
Authors: Figueroa Caroline A. , Gomez-Pathak Laura , Khan Imran , Williams Joseph Jay , Lyles Courtney R. , Aguilera Adrian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUniversity students have low levels of physical activity and are at risk of mental health disorders. Mobile apps to encourage physical activity can help students, who are frequent smartphone-users, to improve their physical and mental health. Here we report students’ qualitative feedback on a physical activity smartphone app with motivational text messaging. We provide recommendations for the design of future apps. 103 students used the app for 6 weeks in the context of a clinical trial (NCT04440553) and answered open-ended questions before the start of the study and at follow-up. A subsample (n = 39) provided additional feedback via text message, and a phone interview (n = 8). Questions focused on the perceived encouragement and support by the app, text messaging content, and recommendations for future applications. We analyzed all transcripts for emerging themes using qualitative coding in Dedoose. The majority of participants were female (69.9%), Asian or Pacific Islander (53.4%), with a mean age of 20.2 years, and 63% had elevated depressive symptoms. 26% felt encouraged or neutral toward the app motivating them to be more physically active. Participants liked messages on physical activity benefits on (mental) health, encouraging them to complete their goal, and feedback on their activity. Participants disliked messages that did not match their motivations for physical activity and their daily context (e.g., time, weekday, stress). Physical activity apps for students should be adapted to their motivations, changing daily context, and mental health issues. Feedback from this sample suggests a key to effectiveness is finding effective ways to personalize digital interventions.
A cell-based framework for modeling cardiac mechanics
Authors: Telle Åshild , Trotter James D. , Cai Xing , Finsberg Henrik , Kuchta Miroslav , Sundnes Joakim , Wall Samuel T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCardiomyocytes are the functional building blocks of the heart—yet most models developed to simulate cardiac mechanics do not represent the individual cells and their surrounding matrix. Instead, they work on a homogenized tissue level, assuming that cellular and subcellular structures and processes scale uniformly. Here we present a mathematical and numerical framework for exploring tissue-level cardiac mechanics on a microscale given an explicit three-dimensional geometrical representation of cells embedded in a matrix. We defined a mathematical model over such a geometry and parametrized our model using publicly available data from tissue stretching and shearing experiments. We then used the model to explore mechanical differences between the extracellular and the intracellular space. Through sensitivity analysis, we found the stiffness in the extracellular matrix to be most important for the intracellular stress values under contraction. Strain and stress values were observed to follow a normal-tangential pattern concentrated along the membrane, with substantial spatial variations both under contraction and stretching. We also examined how it scales to larger size simulations, considering multicellular domains. Our work extends existing continuum models, providing a new geometrical-based framework for exploring complex cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions.
Effects of geometric individualisation of a human spine model on load sharing: neuro-musculoskeletal simulation reveals significant differences in ligament and muscle contribution
Authors: Meszaros-Beller Laura , Hammer Maria , Riede Julia M. , Pivonka Peter , Little J. Paige , Schmitt Syn 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn spine research, two possibilities to generate models exist: generic (population-based) models representing the average human and subject-specific representations of individuals. Despite the increasing interest in subject specificity, individualisation of spine models remains challenging. Neuro-musculoskeletal (NMS) models enable the analysis and prediction of dynamic motions by incorporating active muscles attaching to bones that are connected using articulating joints under the assumption of rigid body dynamics. In this study, we used forward-dynamic simulations to compare a generic NMS multibody model of the thoracolumbar spine including fully articulated vertebrae, detailed musculature, passive ligaments and linear intervertebral disc (IVD) models with an individualised model to assess the contribution of individual biological structures. Individualisation was achieved by integrating skeletal geometry from computed tomography and custom-selected muscle and ligament paths. Both models underwent a gravitational settling process and a forward flexion-to-extension movement. The model-specific load distribution in an equilibrated upright position and local stiffness in the L4/5 functional spinal unit (FSU) is compared. Load sharing between occurring internal forces generated by individual biological structures and their contribution to the FSU stiffness was computed. The main finding of our simulations is an apparent shift in load sharing with individualisation from an equally distributed element contribution of IVD, ligaments and muscles in the generic spine model to a predominant muscle contribution in the individualised model depending on the analysed spine level.
Gestörte Frühgravidität
Authors: Zippl Anna Lena , Aulitzky Anna , Braun Anne-Sophie , Feil Katharina , Toth Bettina 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungEine Schwangerschaft kann intrauterin, ektop oder an einem unklaren Ort liegen und entwicklungsphysiologisch vital oder gestört sein. Die transvaginale Sonographie ermöglicht die Darstellung einer intrauterinen Schwangerschaft ab einem Schwellenwert des humanen Choriongonadotropins (hCG) von 1000 IU/l in der etwa sechsten Schwangerschaftswoche (SSW). Ektope Schwangerschaften sind abhängig von der SSW gegebenenfalls erschwert sonographisch erkennbar. Der Verlauf des hCG-Werts kann hilfreich dabei sein, eine physiologische von einer gestörten Frühschwangerschaft zu unterscheiden, muss aber immer in Zusammenschau mit der Klinik und dem Ultraschallbefund interpretiert werden. Bei einem frühen Abort kann abhängig von der Klinik exspektativ oder medikamentös vorgegangen werden. Die Indikation zur Kürettage sollte insgesamt zurückhaltend gestellt werden. Bei einer ektopen Schwangerschaft sollte abhängig von SSW und Klinik eine operative Therapie oder eine Methotrexattherapie durchgeführt werden.
Comparative Analysis of Water Extraction Mechanism in Roman Mines
Authors: Fortes-Garrido J. C. , Rodríguez-Pérez A. M. , Hernández-Torres J. A. , Caparrós-Mancera J. J. , Dávila-Martín J. M. , Castilla-Gutiérrez J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe removal of water from mines was one of the key issues that former miners had to deal with. Roman colonists brought new technology to the Iberian Peninsula that addressed this problem. However, they did not invent this technology because it had already been applied to the growth of other endeavours in the Hellenistic society throughout the Eastern Mediterranean. In the mine, the Archimedes screw, waterwheels, bucket pulleys, and Ctesibius pumps were the primary drainage systems. In this essay, the primary characteristics, and modes of operation of machines are examined. Without leaving out the most significant finds made in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, one of the regions with the longest history of mining exploitation. To serve as a foundation for future research in this field, this work compares the primary mining mechanisms in ancient Huelva on a qualitative and quantitative level by the implementation of a TOPSIS methodology, a multi-criteria decision analysis method.
The productivity tax of new office concepts: a comparative review of open-plan offices, activity-based working, and single-office concepts
Authors: Gerlitz Andrea , Hülsbeck Marcel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis systematic review critically analyzes the relationship between office concepts and individual and organizational performance. Based on the current literature, we identify seven key dimensions to guide our understanding: office concept, work, personality fit, satisfaction, health, control paradigm, and enabling paradigm. Our systematic search yielded 429 published papers on office concepts and performance between 2005 and 2022. Rigorous selection criteria narrowed them down to 46 empirical articles included in this analysis. The results show that activity-based working not only negatively impacts performance but also affects employee satisfaction and health. Open-plan offices can reduce real-estate costs but lead to lower performance levels, thereby imposing a tax on productivity which outweighs the initial cost savings. Activity-based working has the potential to enhance collaboration and interaction but is dependent on a professional and proactive management. In most cases, especially for knowledge workers, the single office turns out to be the environment in which employees show the best individual and organizational performance.
Assessment of heavy metal pollution in marine sediments from southwest of Mallorca island, Spain
Authors: Ardila Pedro Agustín Robledo , Alonso Rebeca Álvarez , Valsero Juan José Durán , García Raquel Morales , Cabrera Flor Árcega , Cosío Elisabeth Lamas , Laforet Sergio Durán 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic activities in urban, agrarian, or industrial areas are the main cause of heavy metals in sediments worldwide. Since the 1960s, there have been submarine discharges through outfalls of poorly treated or untreated wastewater on the south coast of Mallorca island (Mediterranean Sea). In this study, the pollution of marine sediments is analyzed at a great number of points on the south of the seacoast. Heavy metal concentrations of As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, V, and Zn, total inorganic carbon (TIC), sulfur, mineralogy, and grain size were analyzed. The objective is to evaluate the concentrations of toxic substances and their spatial distribution and ranges that can negatively affect marine ecosystems and human health. In addition, the results obtained have been compared with standardized indices for marine sediments, and a regional index has been developed with the background values of heavy metals obtained in the sediments of the study area. To obtain consistent conclusions, concentrations of heavy metals were classified with the Igeo Index. The concentrations of heavy metals obtained show that a great number of samples exceeded the limits considered for uncontaminated sediments according to the index applied. Elements such as Hg, Ba, Pb, and Cu showed high concentrations close to the outfalls and lower concentrations in zones far from these points. To support the assessment, chemical processes such as dissolution or chemical precipitation have been studied. The results also show that marine sediments can be a good trap for chemical elements and a good proxy to analyze the impact of anthropogenic activities in areas heavily pressured by humans, and the risk to the environment and human health.
Communication science in Türkiye: how communication research and education developed over the years
Authors: Alver Füsun , Sarısakaloğlu Aynur 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn Türkiye, communication science falls under the category of social sciences and is regarded as an interdisciplinary scientific field focused on empirical research. The field is influenced by communication science developments of the West in terms of developing theories and methodology, and it faces challenges when it comes to the systematisation of theories and research methods created by different research traditions; their critical evaluation, development, and the failure to put theories to practical use. In order to ascertain the present condition of the field, this article explores the institutionalisation of communication science at universities and its potential tendencies as an academic field of study, its research trends, and the characteristics of communication science studies.
Moral Perfection as the Counterfeit of Virtue
Authors: Harris Thorian R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt is sometimes assumed that the best people—those whom it would be appropriate to admire and emulate—ought to be free of all moral defects. Numerous contemporary scholars have attributed this assumption to the early Confucian philosophers with moral perfection said to be a necessary condition for sagehood. Drawing upon the early Confucian literature I will argue in support of two claims. The first is that the early Confucians did not insist on the moral perfection of the sage; on the contrary, the sage was explicitly understood to be morally fallible. The second claim is that the early Confucians were right to reject moral perfection as a suitable ideal. I conclude with a discussion of the relative merits of taking “love of learning” (haoxue好學)—rather than moral perfection—as one’s ideal.
Placebo effects during the waiting period for psychotherapy in patients with depression
Authors: Schienle Anne , Jurinec Nina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPatients with mental health problems typically have to wait for psychological therapies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a placebo administered to patients with depression while they were waiting for cognitive-behavioral therapy. Sixty-seven patients were randomly assigned to a three-week waiting period with or without treatment with a take-home placebo for daily usage (herbal medicine to mobilize the body’s natural healing powers to be taken orally). Symptoms of depression (self-rated and clinician-rated) were assessed at the beginning and end of the waiting period. Moreover, each week the patients evaluated levels of energy, concentration, relaxation, well-being, and sleep quality. The placebo group showed a greater reduction in symptoms of depression (self-rated and clinician-rated) compared to the standard group. Moreover, placebo treatment was associated with improved overall well-being during the waiting period. In conclusion, placebo treatment can make the wait time for psychotherapy more tolerable for patients with depression.Clinical trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00028118)
Machine learning-based social media bot detection: a comprehensive literature review
Authors: Aljabri Malak , Zagrouba Rachid , Shaahid Afrah , Alnasser Fatima , Saleh Asalah , Alomari Dorieh M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn today’s digitalized era, Online Social Networking platforms are growing to be a vital aspect of each individual’s daily life. The availability of the vast amount of information and their open nature attracts the interest of cybercriminals to create malicious bots. Malicious bots in these platforms are automated or semi-automated entities used in nefarious ways while simulating human behavior. Moreover, such bots pose serious cyber threats and security concerns to society and public opinion. They are used to exploit vulnerabilities for illicit benefits such as spamming, fake profiles, spreading inappropriate/false content, click farming, hashtag hijacking, and much more. Cybercriminals and researchers are always engaged in an arms race as new and updated bots are created to thwart ever-evolving detection technologies. This literature review attempts to compile and compare the most recent advancements in Machine Learning-based techniques for the detection and classification of bots on five primary social media platforms namely Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Twitter, and Weibo. We bring forth a concise overview of all the supervised, semi-supervised, and unsupervised methods, along with the details of the datasets provided by the researchers. Additionally, we provide a thorough breakdown of the extracted feature categories. Furthermore, this study also showcases a brief rundown of the challenges and opportunities encountered in this field, along with prospective research directions and promising angles to explore.
Chaotic light scattering around extremal black holes
Authors: Kluitenberg Martijn , Roest Diederik , Seri Marcello 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe show that the scattering of light in the field of $$N\ge 3$$

N
≥
3

static extremal black holes is chaotic in the planar case. The relativistic dynamics of such extremal objects reduce to that of a classical Hamiltonian system. Certain values of the dilaton coupling then allow one to apply techniques from symbolic dynamics and classical potential scattering. This results in a lower bound on the topological entropy of order $$\log (N-1)$$

log
(
N
-
1
)

, thus proving the emergence of chaotic scattering for $$N \ge 3$$

N
≥
3

black holes.
Working Towards Prevention for Families At-Risk of Child Maltreatment—Meeting Families’ Needs through Community Response in Colorado
Authors: Allan Heather , Merkel-Holguin Lisa , Winokur Marc , Drury Ida 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the USA, there is a growing emphasis in child protective services (CPS) on prevention for families deemed at-risk of child maltreatment. The Colorado Community Response (CCR) program is one such effort in Colorado to support families to prevent future involvement with CPS. The CCR program is designed to meet family needs, with an explicit focus on economic self-sufficiency and stability. The pilot CCR program was implemented from 2014 through 2017 and evaluated to determine the effectiveness of CCR in preventing child welfare reinvolvement for participating families. By utilizing a pre-post design, it was found that for participating families, the short-term outcomes of protective factors and family functioning across 13 domains were enhanced. Using a matched comparison group, quasi-experimental design and long-term measures of child welfare re-involvement were found to be similarly impacted such that likelihood of subsequently founded assessments and out-of-home placements was significantly less for families who completed CCR services than their matched comparison counterparts. This study adds to a body of evidence that suggests programs and services that provide concrete and economic supports for families can be effective in preventing child welfare (re)involvement.
Stem Cell Treatment Trials for Regeneration of Testicular Tissue in Laboratory Animals
Authors: Ismail Hamdy Y. , Hussein Shaymaa , Shaker Nora A. , Rizk Hamdy , Wally Y. R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInfertility is a serious medical, economic, and psychological problem in the society. Male factor infertility, due to defective spermatogenesis as a result of a failure in germ cell proliferation and differentiation, appears to be the cause of 25–50% of infertility cases. According to several surveys, testicular degeneration can be caused by a variety of physical, chemical, and microbial causes. A stem cell is a non-specialized cell which is characterized by self-renewal by mitotic cell division and able to differentiate to specialized cells for the various tissues of the body. The data were obtained and analyzed from different databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Egyptian Knowledge Bank, Elsevier, Medline, Embase, ProQuest, and BMC). This review discusses the causes, symptoms, and grades of testicular degeneration and the use of different types of stem cells in regeneration. And its conclusion based on previous researches and trials, MSCs are considered effective therapy for testicular degeneration.
Chronic Disease and Other Determinants in Deaths Due to COVID-19 From a Health Protection and Promotion Perspective: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Özkan Filiz , Öztürk Mustafa , Ödek Ömer , Savaş Mümin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To examine the age, gender, and chronic disease status of patients who died due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the pandemic process and the effects of these diseases on their deaths.

Methods:
It was a retrospective retrospective analysis with 2715 patients. The statistics of the patients who met the research criteria were evaluated from the hospital database. Patients were evaluated in terms of age, gender, length of hospital stay, presence of chronic disease, and Modified Comorbidity Index Scores.

Results:
It was determined that the Modified Charlson Comorbidity Index (MCCI) score mean of the patients was 4.74 ± 2.07 and MCCI scores of 56.9% were serious. There was a statistically significant difference in the length of hospital stay according to the number of diseases the patient had, age, and MCCI score. It was determined that there was a statistically significant, negative and high-level correlation between MCCI score and the length of hospital stay (r = −0.075: P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
Age, comorbidity score, and the number of comorbidities were found to affect the length of hospital stay, ie death. For this reason, it is recommended to use comorbidity indices in health protection and development studies, in the field, as well as in the clinics.