bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural correlates of face perception modeled with a convolutional recurrent neural network
Authors: O’Reilly Jamie A , Wehrman Jordan , Carey Aaron , Bedwin Jennifer , Hourn Thomas , Asadi Fawad , Sowman Paul F 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective. Event-related potential (ERP) sensitivity to faces is predominantly characterized by an N170 peak that has greater amplitude and shorter latency when elicited by human faces than images of other objects. We aimed to develop a computational model of visual ERP generation to study this phenomenon which consisted of a three-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) connected to a recurrent neural network (RNN). Approach. The CNN provided image representation learning, complimenting sequence learning of the RNN for modeling visually-evoked potentials. We used open-access data from ERP Compendium of Open Resources and Experiments (40 subjects) to develop the model, generated synthetic images for simulating experiments with a generative adversarial network, then collected additional data (16 subjects) to validate predictions of these simulations. For modeling, visual stimuli presented during ERP experiments were represented as sequences of images (time x pixels). These were provided as inputs to the model. By filtering and pooling over spatial dimensions, the CNN transformed these inputs into sequences of vectors that were passed to the RNN. The ERP waveforms evoked by visual stimuli were provided to the RNN as labels for supervised learning. The whole model was trained end-to-end using data from the open-access dataset to reproduce ERP waveforms evoked by visual events. Main results. Cross-validation model outputs strongly correlated with open-access (r = 0.98) and validation study data (r = 0.78). Open-access and validation study data correlated similarly (r = 0.81). Some aspects of model behavior were consistent with neural recordings while others were not, suggesting promising albeit limited capacity for modeling the neurophysiology of face-sensitive ERP generation. Significance. The approach developed in this work is potentially of significant value for visual neuroscience research, where it may be adapted for multiple contexts to study computational relationships between visual stimuli and evoked neural activity.
Development of an arch antenna for LHCD in a spherical tokamak
Authors: Wang Yaoyao , Zhou Qing , Wang Zhenxing , Ma Wendong , Liu Chengzhou , Shan Jiafang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A lower-hybrid frequency surface wave antenna called arch is designed and fabricated in this paper for the spherical tokamak named EXL-50. It is used to drive plasma current and heat plasma at 2.45 GHz. The arch antenna consists of 27 antenna elements. The left and right rectangular waveguides integrated with the antenna are used for microwave input and output, respectively. The refraction parallel index of this proposed antenna is

4.3

, which is favorable for the lower hybrid current drive. The measurement results in the absence of plasma show that the reflection and transmission coefficients (

S
11

and

S
21

) are

−
12.5

dB

and

−
12.6

dB

, respectively. The antenna was installed and tested on EXL-50. Up to a

35

kA

plasma current was achieved using the arch antenna with a microwave of

70

kW

.
Experimental and numerical modeling of plasma start-up assisted by electron drift injection on J-TEXT
Authors: Zhang Junli , Cheng Zhifeng , Peng Yanli , Yang Zhoujun , Nagasaki Kazunobu , Wang Nengchao , Cai Hao , Ding Yonghua , Chen Zhipeng , Chen Zhongyong , Jiang Wei , Xia Donghui , Wang Zhijiang , Pan Yuan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Start-up is one of the critical phases for tokamak discharge. The electron drift injection (EDI) system has been developed on J-TEXT for start-up studies. A breakdown experiment with EDI-assisted start-up has been conducted, which verified the effect of pre-ionization by EDI to achieve start-up at a lower ohmic field voltage. A zero-dimensional (0D) model has been developed to explain the effect of EDI quantitatively. The comparison between the experiment and simulation verified the credibility of this model. Based on this model, a comparison between pure ohmic heating start-up and EDI-assisted start-up was presented, showing that EDI improved ionization, causing a lower delay to the peak of hydrogen ionization and radiation losses and a smoother rise in the electron and ion energy. This result quantitatively verified the pre-ionization effect of EDI on start-up . The effects of injecting different currents and electron energy were investigated. A better pre-ionization effect was realized by increasing the injected current, which can be a reference for the upgrading of the EDI system.
Spectrometric imaging of sub-hourly methane emission dynamics from coal mine ventilation
Authors: Knapp M , Scheidweiler L , Külheim F , Kleinschek R , Necki J , Jagoda P , Butz A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Anthropogenic methane (CH4) emissions contribute significantly to the current radiative forcing driving climate change. Localized CH4 sources such as occurring in the fossil fuel industry contribute a substantial share to the anthropogenic emission total. The temporal dynamics of such emissions is largely unresolved and unaccounted for when using atmospheric measurements by satellites, aircraft, and ground-based instruments to monitor emission rates and verify reported numbers. Here, we demonstrate the usage of a ground-based imaging spectrometer for quantifying the CH4 emission dynamics of a ventilation facility of a coal mine in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland. To this end, we deployed the imaging spectrometer at roughly 1 km distance from the facility and collected plume images of CH4 column enhancements during the sunlit hours of four consecutive days in June 2022. Together with wind information from a co-deployed wind-lidar, we inferred CH4 emission rates with roughly 1 min resolution. Daily average emission rates ranged between 1.39 ± 0.19 and 4.44 ± 0.76 tCH4 h−1, 10 min averages ranged between (min) 0.82 and (max) 5.83 tCH4 h−1, and puff-like events caused large variability on time scales below 15 min. Thus, to monitor CH4 emissions from such sources, it requires measurement techniques such as the imaging spectrometer evaluated here that can capture emission dynamics on short time scales.
Strategy for Controlling Total Current Harmonics Distortion by means Photovoltaic Generation with an Unified Active Power Filter (UAPF)
Authors: Tupiza Pablo , Pavon Wilson , Jaramillo Dario , Acosta-Vargas Patricia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, an Unified Active Power Filter (UAPF) is proposed for controlling the current Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in low voltage distribution networks. The UAPF implements photovoltaic (PV) generation as its source, together with a boost converter. The IEEE 13-bar system is the test-bench, and a non-linear load is in the 7th bus-bar. Thus, discusing the results of the voltage, current and THD in the system. The results were decreasing current (THDi) and voltage (THDv) harmonics, the THDi and THDv reduce to 6 percentage, and 3 percentage, respectively. The results are within the allowed limits in IEEE 1159 standards and ARCERNNR -017/2020 resolution.
Performance of electrocoagulation process for copper removal in simulated artisanal and small-scale mining wastewater
Authors: Almendral Christine Mae , Tayo Lemmuel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Electrocoagulation treatment was applied in the simulated artisanal and small-scale mining wastewater for 60 minutes. Copper concentration of 625 mg.L−1 was used in the study which was based on the real artisanal and small-scale mining wastewater (conductivity = 13 mS.cm−1, initial pH = 10) collected from Paracale, Camarines Norte, Philippines. Batch experiments using a pair of iron electrodes with an interelectrode distance of 2 cm were used for this study and we have determined the optimized conditions such as conductivity, initial pH, and current density for the various electrocoagulation runs. Decreasing initial conductivity and pH of real mining wastewater while increasing current density favours higher removal efficiency. With the conductivity of 3.5 mS.cm−1, initial pH of 9, and current density of 33.5 mA.cm−2, copper removal efficiency was 93.5%. Based on these operating conditions, energy consumption was 36.82 kWhr.m−3 and electrodes consumption were 2.09 kg.m−3. This study revealed that electrocoagulation is feasible to treat higher concentrations of copper present in mining wastewater.
Optimization of bioenergy generation and chemical oxygen demand reduction in dual-chamber microbial fuel cells using active soil microbes
Authors: Bartolome G J C , Tayo L L 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study focused on the optimization of a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) system using carbon fiber brush and titanium electrodes, meat processing wastewater as substrate, and active soil microbes as biocatalyst. Significant findings revealed promising results on the MFC performance. The active soil microbes contain viable bacteria that worked effectively in the anode chambers. Peak open-circuit voltages (OCV) of the MFCs were as high as 1.05 V using titanium mesh and 1.03 V using carbon fiber brush. In closed-circuit conditions, the current obtained were 1.04 mA and 1.38 mA, and the power densities were 1.22 Wm−2 and 0.34 Wm−2, correspondingly. The power densities were normalized based on the surface areas of the anodes. The bioenergy generation profiles also revealed the MFCs can produce peak potentials of 30.109 kJ and 19.415 kJ using carbon fiber brush and titanium mesh, respectively. Furthermore, the results showed that the reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) was highest at 24.32 percent using carbon brush and lowest at 13.34 percent using titanium mesh electrodes.
Spectral photon counting for panoramic dental imaging
Authors: Somerkivi V , Sellerer T , Pantsar T , Lohman H , Pfeiffer F 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Panoramic x-ray imaging is a versatile, low-dose imaging tool, which is routinely used for dental applications. In this work, we explore a further improvement of the concept by introducing recently developed spectral photon-counting detector technology into a conventional panoramic imaging unit. In addition we adapt spectral material decomposition algorithms to panoramic imaging needs. Finally, we provide first experimental results, demonstrating decomposition of an anthropomorphic head phantom into soft tissue and dentin basis material panoramic images, while keeping the noise level acceptable using regularization approaches. The obtained results reveal a potential benefit of spectral photon-counting technology also for dental imaging applications.
A novel and simple heat-based method eliminates the highly detrimental effect of xylene deparaffinization on acid-fast stains
Authors: Marinho Pedro F , Vieira Soraia L , Carvalho Tânia G , Peleteiro Maria C , Hanscheid Thomas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Histopathology is an important method for diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis, yet tissue sections are often negative for mycobacteria after use of acid-fast stain (AFS). This study investigated the mechanism of AFS use and the detrimental effect of histologic processing—in particular, xylene deparaffinization—on AFS and mycobacterial detection.

Methods
The target of the fluorescent Auramine O (AuO) AFS was investigated using triple staining with DNA- and RNA-specific dyes. The effect of xylene deparaffinization on the acid fastness of mycobacteria in cultures or tissue sections was studied using AuO fluorescence as a quantitative marker. The xylene method was compared with a novel, solvent-free projected–hot-air deparaffinization (PHAD).

Results
Co-localization of AuO with DNA/RNA stains suggests that intracellular nucleic acids are the true target of AFS, producing highly specific patterns. Xylene reduces mycobacterial fluorescence significantly (P &lt; .0001; moderate effect size, r = 0.33). The PHAD process yielded significantly higher fluorescence than xylene deparaffinization in tissues (P &lt; .0001; large effect size, r = 0.85).

Conclusions
Auramine O can be applied for nucleic acid staining of mycobacteria in tissues producing typical beaded patterns. Acid-fast staining depends heavily on the integrity of the mycobacterial cell wall, which xylene appears to damage. A solvent-free tissue deparaffinization method has the potential to increase mycobacterial detection significantly.
Higher local intra- than interspecific variability in water- and carbon-related leaf traits among Neotropical tree species
Authors: Schmitt Sylvain , Boisseaux Marion 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Intraspecific variability in leaf water-related traits remains little explored despite its potential importance in the context of increasing drought frequency and severity. Studies comparing intra- and interspecific variability of leaf traits often rely on inappropriate sampling designs that result in non-robust estimates, mainly owing to an excess of the species/individual ratio in community ecology or, on the contrary, to an excess of the individual/species ratio in population ecology.

Methods
We carried out virtual testing of three strategies to compare intra- and interspecific trait variability. Guided by the results of our simulations, we carried out field sampling. We measured nine traits related to leaf water and carbon acquisition in 100 individuals from ten Neotropical tree species. We also assessed trait variation among leaves within individuals and among measurements within leaves to control for sources of intraspecific trait variability.

Key Results
The most robust sampling, based on the same number of species and individuals per species, revealed higher intraspecific variability than previously recognized, higher for carbon-related traits (47–92 and 4–33 % of relative and absolute variation, respectively) than for water-related traits (47–60 and 14–44 % of relative and absolute variation, respectively), which remained non-negligible. Nevertheless, part of the intraspecific trait variability was explained by variation of leaves within individuals (12–100 % of relative variation) or measurement variations within leaf (0–19 % of relative variation) and not only by individual ontogenetic stages and environmental conditions.

Conclusions
We conclude that robust sampling, based on the same number of species and individuals per species, is needed to explore global or local variation in leaf water- and carbon-related traits within and among tree species, because our study revealed higher intraspecific variation than previously recognized.
Delinquent Peers and Delinquency: Findings From a Longitudinal Study of Youth
Authors: Kim Jihoon , Lee Yeungjeom 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Although the relationship between delinquency and deviant peers has long been an important topic in criminology, there remain unresolved issues including theoretical incongruences and a lack of rigorous empirical studies examining the interplay between the two. Acknowledging this gap in the literature, the primary purpose of this study is to examine the dynamic interrelationship between delinquency and delinquent peers over time. Using five waves of a Korean adolescent sample, we employ two methodologies with different benefits: group-based trajectory models and cross-lagged dynamic panel data models. Results show that heterogeneous developmental patterns of delinquency and peer delinquency are closely related and suggest reciprocal interactions between delinquent peers and delinquency. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Surgical Outcome Risk Tool (SORT) to predict 30-day postoperative mortality in a mixed surgical population in Swedish tertiary hospitals
Authors: Semenas Egidijus , Helleberg Johan , Bartha Erzsébet , Kalman Sigridur , Holm Manne 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
The Surgical Outcome Risk Tool (SORT) was derived and validated in the UK to improve preoperative prediction of postoperative risk. The aim of this study was to validate the SORT in a European mixed-case surgical population outside of the UK.

Methods
The study included patients aged at least 18 years with ASA Physical Status (ASA-PS) grades I–V who underwent non-cardiac surgery at four tertiary hospitals in Sweden between November 2015 and February 2016. Exclusion criteria were surgery under local anaesthesia and missing data on the SORT predictors (ASA-PS, surgical urgency, high-risk surgery, surgical severity, malignancy, age over 65 years). The outcome was 30-day mortality. Discrimination and calibration of the SORT were assessed using area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) statistics and calibration plots. A sensitivity analysis was done in a high-risk subgroup (ASA-PS III or higher; surgical complexity major to Xmajor according to the SORT; gastrointestinal, orthopaedic, urogenital/obstetric surgery; and age at least 18 years).

Results
The validation cohort included 17 965 patients; median age was 58 (i.q.r. 40–70) years, 43.2 per cent were men, and the mortality rate at 30 days was 1.6 per cent. The SORT had excellent discrimination, with an AUROC of 0.91 (95 per cent c.i. 0.89 to 0.92), and good calibration. The high-risk subgroup (1807 patients) had a 30-day mortality rate of 5.6 per cent; in the sensitivity analysis, the SORT had good discrimination, with an AUROC of 0.79 (0.74 to 0.83), and calibration remained good.

Conclusion
The estimates of the original the SORT for prediction of 30-day mortality were valid and reliable in a mixed-case surgical population in a non-UK European setting.
Clinical outcomes following mechanochemical ablation of superficial venous incompetence compared with endothermal ablation: meta-analysis
Authors: Lim Arthur J M , Mohamed Abduraheem H , Hitchman Louise H , Lathan Ross , Ravindhran Bharadhwaj , Sidapra Misha M , Smith George , Chetter Ian C , Carradice Daniel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Mechanochemical ablation (MOCA) is an alternative method to endovenous thermal ablation (EVTA) for the treatment of superficial venous incompetence that does not require tumescent anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes from RCTs of MOCA versus EVTA.

Methods
A search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Meta-analysis inclusion was restricted to RCTs comparing MOCA against EVTA. Outcomes included anatomical occlusion rate, disease-specific quality of life using the Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire, procedural and postprocedural pain, and rates of venous thromboembolism.

Results
Four RCTs were included in the meta-analysis comprising 654 patients. The anatomical occlusion rate at 1 year was lower after MOCA than EVTA (risk ratio 0.85, 95 per cent c.i. 0.78 to 0.91; P &lt; 0.001). No significant differences were detected in procedural pain (mean difference −3.25, −14.25 to 7.74; P = 0.560) or postprocedural pain (mean difference −0.63, −2.15 to 0.89; P = 0.420). There were no significant differences in Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire score at 1 year (mean difference 0.06, −0.50 to 0.62; P = 0.830) or in incidence of venous thromboembolism (risk ratio 0.72, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 3.61; P = 0.690).

Conclusion
The rate of successful anatomical occlusion after MOCA is significantly lower than that after EVTA, but there is no difference in procedural and postprocedural pain between the two interventions. Long-term data are required to assess the impact of the reduced vein occlusion rate on clinical outcomes such as quality of life and reintervention.
Audience retention on educational dermatological videos: an exploratory study using a dermatologist-led experimental YouTube channel
Authors: Barrutia Leire , Vega-Gutiérrez Jesús , Santamarina-Albertos Alba 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Patients increasingly search for dermatological information on YouTube; however, the successful presence of dermatologists on this platform is limited. Audience retention is essential to ensure success, as the YouTube algorithm considers it to rank videos. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in dermatology that focuses on audience retention on YouTube. It is based on a real-life dermatologist-led channel.

Aim
To determine factors that influence audience retention on a dermatologist-led YouTube channel and provide insights that can help dermatologists create engaging content that becomes successful.

Methods
This research studied 137 videos. First, multiple linear regression was performed to test whether the specific video characteristics significantly predicted audience retention. Second, moments of peak retention (spikes) were identified, and their content was analysed to determine what was particularly interesting for viewers. As the videos were educational, spikes were classified into conceptual or procedural knowledge.

Results
The average audience retention was 41.7%. Longer video length and increasing number of days from release had a negative and significant effect on audience retention, with the effect of video length (β = –0.6979; P &lt; 0.001) being strong and that of days from release being weak (β = –0.1948; P = 0.02). Spikes were observed in 76 videos (55.5%), 68.2% of which were classified as procedural knowledge.

Conclusion
These data indicate that audience retention increases as video length decreases, and that viewers are essentially interested in practical information. Consequently, to increase audience retention, dermatologists should design succinct videos and deliver procedural knowledge that creates value for the public.
Enhanced neural mechanisms of set shifting in musically trained adolescents and young adults: converging fMRI, EEG, and behavioral evidence
Authors: Saarikivi K , Chan T M V , Huotilainen M , Tervaniemi M , Putkinen V 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMusically trained individuals have been found to outperform untrained peers in various tasks for executive functions. Here, we present longitudinal behavioral results and cross-sectional, event-related potential (ERP), and fMRI results on the maturation of executive functions in musically trained and untrained children and adolescents. The results indicate that in school-age, the musically trained children performed faster in a test for set shifting, but by late adolescence, these group differences had virtually disappeared. However, in the fMRI experiment, the musically trained adolescents showed less activity in frontal, parietal, and occipital areas of the dorsal attention network and the cerebellum during the set-shifting task than untrained peers. Also, the P3b responses of musically trained participants to incongruent target stimuli in a task for set shifting showed a more posterior scalp distribution than control group participants’ responses. Together these results suggest that the musician advantage in executive functions is more pronounced at an earlier age than in late adolescence. However, it is still reflected as more efficient recruitment of neural resources in set-shifting tasks, and distinct scalp topography of ERPs related to updating and working memory after childhood.