bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management disclosure of risk factors and COVID-19
Authors: Loughran Tim , McDonald Bill 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPublic companies in the United States are required to file annual reports (i.e., Form 10-K) and disclose, among other things, the risk factors that may harm their stock price. The risk of a pandemic was well-known before the recent crisis, and we now know that the initial impact on many shareholders was significant and negative. To what extent did managers forewarn their shareholders about this valuation risk? We examine all 10-K filings from 2018, before any knowledge of the current pandemic, and find that less than 21% of them contain any reference to pandemic-related terms. Given the management’s presumed in-depth knowledge of their business and the general awareness that pandemics have been identified as a significant global risk for at least the past decade, this number should have been higher. We find an unexpectedly positive correlation (0.137) between the use of pandemic-related words in annual reports and realized stock returns during the actual pandemic at the industry level. Some industries most severely impacted by COVID-19 barely mentioned pandemic risk in their financial disclosures to shareholders, indicating that managers were ineffective in highlighting their exposure to pandemic risks to investors.
Time to recovery and its predictors among children 6–59 months with acute malnutrition admitted to community inpatient therapeutic feeding centers in Katsina State, Northwest Nigeria: a retrospective review of health records (2010–2016)
Authors: Joseph Friday Ilop , Falade Adewale , Earland Jane 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) among children under five years of age remains a huge public health and economic burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. We investigated time to recovery and its predictors among children aged 6 to 59 months admitted into Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) stabilisation centres for complicated severe acute malnutrition and whether the outcomes met the minimum Sphere standards.

Methods
The study was a retrospective cross sectional quantitative review of data recorded in six CMAM stabilization centres registers in four Local Government Areas, Katsina state, Nigeria from September 2010 to November 2016. Records of 6925 children, aged 6–59 months with complicated SAM were reviewed. Descriptive analysis was used to compare performance indicators with Sphere project reference standards. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to estimate the predictors of recovery rate at p < 0.05 and Kaplan–Meier curve to predict the probability of surviving different forms of SAM.

Results
Marasmus was the most common form of severe acute malnutrition (86%). Overall, the outcomes met the minimum sphere standards for inpatient management of SAM. Children with oedematous SAM (13.9%) had the lowest survival rate on Kaplan–Meier graph. The mortality rate was significantly higher during the ‘lean season’—May to August (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) = 0.491, 95% CI = 0.288–0.838). MUAC at Exit (AHR = 0.521, 95% CI = 0.306–0.890), marasmus (AHR = 2.144, 95% CI = 1.079–4.260), transfers from OTP (AHR = 1.105, 95% CI = 0.558–2.190) and average weight gain (AHR = 0.239, 95% CI = 0.169–0.340) were found to be significant predictors of time-to-recovery with p values < 0.05.

Conclusion
The study showed that, despite a high turnover of complicated SAM cases in the stabilization centres, the community approach to inpatient management of acute malnutrition enabled early detection and reduced delays in access to care of complicated SAM cases. In the face of health workforce shortage in rural communities to provide pediatric specialist care for SAM children, we recommend task shifting to community health care workers through in service training could bridge the gap and save more lives of children dying from the complication of SAM in rural communities in Nigeria.
Risk behaviors in substance use disorder in a sample of Egyptian female patients with or without symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: El Rasheed Amany Haroun , Abd el moneam Mohamed Hossam el-din , Tawfik Fairouz , Farid Radwa Walid Mohamed , Elrassas Hanan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Risk-taking behaviors are associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorder (SUD). Individuals with both diagnoses have been reported to have an earlier onset, a longer course, and greater severity, with more relapses and greater difficulty remaining abstinent.
The current study was assessing females seeking treatment for SUDs for the presence of comorbid ADHD, to investigate the association between severity of SUD and co-occurring ADHD symptoms and to examine related risk behaviors. Therefore, thirty female patients were enrolled, and demographic data was collected. Participants were interviewed by SCID I, addiction severity index, Arabic-translated and validated version of the adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11, and Arabic version of the Adult Scale of Hostility and Aggression.

Results
Thirty female patients were included in the study, and 33.3% had extreme severity, on the addiction severity index scale. Fifteen patients had ADHD symptoms; 33.3% had high likely scores, according to Adult ADHD Self-Reported Scale (ASRS). There is a significant difference regarding the age of onset of substance use and smoking (P = 0.029), first sexual activity (P = 0.002), number of sexual partners (P = 0.009), impairment in employment, and family and social relationships items (P = 0.024, P = 0.028, respectively) in SUD patients with ADHD symptoms than in SUD patients without ADHD symptoms.

Conclusion
Female patients diagnosed with adult ADHD have an earlier age of smoking and substance use, having first sexual activity at younger age, and having more sexual partners with more employment, family, and social relationship problems.
Pitfalls in the management of metabolic liver diseases (debate)
Authors: Ghaffar Tawhida Yassin Abdel , Abo-Alam Hani Sayed , Emam Mohammed , El-Shabrawi Mortada , Soliman Ali Ibrahim Ali , Badwei Nourhan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The liver has an important role in the different metabolic processes. So, inborn errors of metabolism will result in several metabolic disorders, which can cause acute or chronic liver disease leading to cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Main body
In one of our Egyptian conferences, the United Conference of Hepatogastroenterology and Infectious Diseases (UCHID) 2022, our authors discussed the debates on the management of Wilson’s disease, hereditary hemochromatosis, and alpha one anti-trypsin deficiency.

Conclusion
The session summarized the pitfalls in the management of the 3 serious metabolic liver disorders with focused take-home messages to every physician.
How subjective well-being, patient-reported clinical improvement (PROMs) and experience of care (PREMs) relate in an acute psychiatric care setting?
Authors: Scanferla Elisabetta , de Bienassis Katherine , Pachoud Bernard , Gorwood Philip 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) are increasingly acknowledged as critical tools for enhancing patient-centred, value-based care. However, research is lacking on the impact of using standardized patient-reported indicators in acute psychiatric care. The aim of this study was to explore whether subjective well-being indicators (generic PROMs) are relevant for evaluating the quality of hospital care, distinct from measures of symptom improvement (disease-specific PROMs) and from PREMs.

Methods
Two hundred and forty-eight inpatients admitted to a psychiatric university hospital were included in the study between January and June 2021. Subjective well-being was assessed using standardized generic PROMs on well-being, symptom improvement was assessed using standardized disease-specific PROMs, and experience of care using PREMs. PROMs were completed at admission and discharge, PREMs were completed at discharge. Clinicians rated their experience of providing treatment using adapted PREMs items.

Results
Change in subjective well-being (PROMs) at discharge was significantly (p < 0.001), but moderately (r2 = 28.5%), correlated to improvement in symptom outcomes, and weakly correlated to experience of care (PREMs) (r2 = 11.0%), the latter being weakly explained by symptom changes (r2 = 6.9%). Patients and clinicians assessed the experience of care differently.

Conclusions
This study supports the case for routinely measuring patients’ subjective well-being to better capture the unmet needs of patients undergoing psychiatric hospital treatment, and the use of standardized patient-reported measures as key indicators of high quality of care across mental health services.
Applying Lean Kaizen to Improve Timely Computed Tomography Scan Appointments for Oncology Patients in a Safety Net Hospital
Authors: Epistola Raisa , Ho Brian , Leong Sally , Ali Sana , Germono Rachel , Kummerfeldt Christopher , Gutierrez Griselda , Shim John , Lee Jennifer M. , Yeh James J. 
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE: Timely radiographic studies are essential to oncology care. At our institution, a safety net hospital in a large metropolitan area, baseline assessment determined that the overwhelming majority of outpatient computed tomographic (CT) scans for oncology patients were overdue and not scheduled within 2 weeks of their first requested date. METHODS: We conducted a series of structured, interdisciplinary meetings including staff from radiology, oncology, scheduling, and administration to critically review the scheduling process utilizing Lean Kaizen quality improvement methods. A new workflow was developed in which clinic staff scheduled CT scans before clinic discharge. Three months after our initial meeting, the new workflow was launched. We set a target of decreasing the percentage of overdue scans to below 20%. RESULTS: At baseline, 87% (65 of 75) of CT scans awaiting scheduling were overdue. Data were gathered at 5 and 10 weeks after implementation of our workflow. The percentage of CT scans overdue for scheduling was 17% (9 of 53) at 5 weeks and 0.97% (1 of 103) at 10 weeks after implementation. Clinic visit durations were not affected. CONCLUSION: The Lean Kaizen QI model was successful in decreasing the rate of oncology patients overdue for CT scan scheduling with minimal effects on clinic visit durations. This study demonstrated the importance of interdepartmental collaboration and continuous monitoring for improvement. Given the success of this project, this workflow will be expanded to other outpatient clinics within our institution.
Experiences of a Multiethnic Cohort of Patients Enrolled in a Financial Reimbursement Program for Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Medina Sheyla P. , Zhang Sylvia , Nieves Elena , Dornsife Dana L. , Johnson Robert , Spicer Darcy , Borno Hala T. 
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE: Financial reimbursement programs (FRPs) offset out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses from therapeutic clinical trial (TCT) participation. The study explores patients' experience in TCTs after enrollment in a FRP at two academic medical centers, including barriers and opportunities to improve trial participation. METHODS: From May 2019 to January 2020, adults diagnosed with cancer and eligible for TCTs and FRP were recruited from the Improving Patient Access to Cancer Clinical Trials randomized trial at the University of California San Francisco and University of Southern California. Patients with income ≤ 700% of national poverty guidelines were eligible. Semistructured interviews were conducted in patients' preferred language. Qualitative analysis was performed by site and preferred language by two independent coders. RESULTS: Of 65 trial patients, 53 participated (38%, University of California San Francisco; 62%, USC). The median age was 59 (IQR, 46-65) years, and 58% were female. Nearly half (49%) identified as Latinx/Hispanic compared with 32% non-Hispanic White, 10% Asian, 4% Black, 1% Native American, and 4% Others. A third were non-English speakers, 42% had college education or more, and 55% were retired/unemployed. Most common malignancies were gastrointestinal (42%), breast (19%), and genitourinary (13%), and 66% had metastatic disease. Patients experienced long travel time (1-4.5 hours) among 57% and financial toxicity from OOP costs (68%). High acceptability of the FRP was reported (81%). Although 30% of patients reported willingness to discuss finances of cancer treatment/trial with physicians, majority (87%) preferred discussion with social workers or TCT staff. Proposed modifications to TCTs included decentralization, recruitment strategies, voucher structure, and established rates for OOP expenses. CONCLUSION: Patients' experience with TCTs reveal financial and logistical stressors that may be lessened by the Improving Patient Access to Cancer Clinical Trial reimbursement program. FRPs may address inequities in clinical trial access among low-income and diverse populations.
Novel Cell Quantification Method Using a Single Surrogate Calibration Curve Across Various Biological Samples
Authors: Nakayama Miyu , Yamamoto Syunsuke , Hirabayashi Hideki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractQuantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is generally used to quantify transplanted cell therapy products in biological samples. As the matrix effects on PCR amplification and variability in DNA recovery from biological samples are well-known limitations that hinder the assay’s performance, a calibration curve is conventionally established for each matrix. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is based on the endpoint assay and advantageous in avoiding matrix effects. Moreover, the use of an external control gene may correct assay fluctuations to minimize the effects caused by inconsistent DNA recovery. In this study, we aimed to establish a novel and robust ddPCR method capable of quantifying human cells across various mouse biological samples using a single surrogate calibration curve in combination with an external control gene and DNA recovery normalization. Acceptable accuracy and precision were observed for quality control samples from different tissues, indicating the excellent quantitative and versatile potential of the developed method. Furthermore, the established method enabled the evaluation of human CD8+ T cell biodistribution in immunodeficient mice. Our findings provide new insights into the use of ddPCR-based quantification methods in biodistribution studies of cell therapy products.
Graphical Abstract
Defect-controlled topological edge states in the curved acoustic lattices
Authors: Zheng Zehuan , Chen Ying 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The concept of disclinations and dislocations, which are related to the real-space topology, have been widely studied in crystal materials. In two-dimensional (2D) materials, disclinations lead to the warping and deformation of the hosting material, yielding non-Euclidean geometries. However, such geometries have not been linked to the effects of topological edge states. Here we construct two curved lattices in the C3 symmetric valley acoustic crystals by removing or inserting a wedge of the crystal, which correspond exactly to the conic and hyperbolic lattices. We then discuss the topological edge states as well as the curved waveguide modes in different defect-constructed structures. Simulation results show that the topological waveguide modes can be controlled not only by the alignment of topologically different valley acoustic crystals, but also by the 5|7 edge dislocation. Our work may provide a route to study new exotic phenomena related to topological defects in 3D non-Euclidean geometries.
Opportunistic Evaluation of Trabecular Bone Texture by MRI Reflects Bone Mineral Density and Microarchitecture
Authors: Heilbronner Alison K , Koff Matthew F , Breighner Ryan , Kim Han Jo , Cunningham Matthew , Lebl Darren R , Dash Alexander , Clare Shannon , Blumberg Olivia , Zaworski Caroline , McMahon Donald J , Nieves Jeri W , Stein Emily M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Context
Many individuals at high risk for fracture are never evaluated for osteoporosis and subsequently do not receive necessary treatment. Utilization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is burgeoning, providing an ideal opportunity to use MRI to identify individuals with skeletal deficits. We previously reported that MRI-based bone texture was more heterogeneous in postmenopausal women with a history of fracture compared to controls.

Objective
The present study aimed to identify the microstructural characteristics that underlie trabecular texture features.

Methods
In a prospective cohort, we measured spine volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) by quantitative computed tomography (QCT), peripheral vBMD and microarchitecture by high-resolution peripheral QCT (HRpQCT), and areal BMD (aBMD) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Vertebral trabecular bone texture was analyzed using T1-weighted MRIs. A gray level co-occurrence matrix was used to characterize the distribution and spatial organization of voxelar intensities and derive the following texture features: contrast (variability), entropy (disorder), angular second moment (ASM; uniformity), and inverse difference moment (IDM; local homogeneity).

Results
Among 46 patients (mean age 64, 54% women), lower peripheral vBMD and worse trabecular microarchitecture by HRpQCT were associated with greater texture heterogeneity by MRI—higher contrast and entropy (r ∼ −0.3 to 0.4, P &lt; .05), lower ASM and IDM (r ∼ +0.3 to 0.4, P &lt; .05). Lower spine vBMD by QCT was associated with higher contrast and entropy (r ∼ −0.5, P &lt; .001), lower ASM and IDM (r ∼ +0.5, P &lt; .001). Relationships with aBMD were less pronounced.

Conclusion
MRI-based measurements of trabecular bone texture relate to vBMD and microarchitecture, suggesting that this method reflects underlying microstructural properties of trabecular bone. Further investigation is required to validate this methodology, which could greatly improve identification of patients with skeletal fragility.
Role of the Beta and Gamma Isoforms of the Adapter Protein SH2B1 in Regulating Energy Balance
Authors: Argetsinger Lawrence S , Flores Anabel , Svezhova Nadezhda , Ellis Michael , Reynolds Caitlin , Cote Jessica L , Cline Joel M , Myers Martin G , Carter-Su Christin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Human variants of the adapter protein SH2B1 are associated with severe childhood obesity, hyperphagia, and insulin resistance—phenotypes mimicked by mice lacking Sh2b1. SH2B1β and γ isoforms are expressed ubiquitously, whereas SH2B1α and δ isoforms are expressed primarily in the brain. Restoring SH2B1β driven by the neuron-specific enolase promoter largely reverses the metabolic phenotype of Sh2b1-null mice, suggesting crucial roles for neuronal SH2B1β in energy balance control. Here we test this hypothesis by using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to delete the β and γ isoforms from the neurons of mice (SH2B1βγ neuron-specific knockout [NKO] mice) or throughout the body (SH2B1βγ knockout [KO] mice). While parameters of energy balance were normal in both male and female SH2B1βγ NKO mice, food intake, body weight, and adiposity were increased in male (but not female) SH2B1βγ KO mice. Analysis of long-read single-cell RNA seq data from wild-type mouse brain revealed that neurons express almost exclusively the α and δ isoforms, whereas neuroglial cells express almost exclusively the β and γ isoforms. Our work suggests that neuronal SH2B1β and γ are not primary regulators of energy balance. Rather, non-neuronal SH2B1β and γ in combination with neuronal SH2B1α and δ suffice for body weight maintenance. While SH2B1β/γ and SH2B1α/δ share some functionality, SH2B1β/γ appears to play a larger role in promoting leanness.
The diverse actions of cytoskeletal vimentin in bacterial infection and host defense
Authors: Miao Chenglin , Zhao Shuangshuang , Etienne-Manneville Sandrine , Jiu Yaming 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTBacterial infection is a major threat to human health, with infections resulting in considerable mortality, urging the need for a more profound understanding of bacteria–host interactions. During infection of cells, host cytoskeletal networks constantly interact with bacteria and are integral to their uptake. Vimentin, an intermediate filament protein, is one such cytoskeletal component that interacts with bacteria during infection. Although vimentin is predominantly present in the cytoplasm, it also appears in a secreted form or at the surface of multiple cell types, including epithelial cells, endothelial cells, macrophages and fibroblasts. As a cytoplasmic protein, vimentin participates in bacterial transportation and the consequential immune-inflammatory responses. When expressed on the cell surface, vimentin can be both pro- and anti-bacterial, favoring bacterial invasion in some contexts, but also limiting bacterial survival in others. Vimentin is also secreted and located extracellularly, where it is primarily involved in bacterial-induced inflammation regulation. Reciprocally, bacteria can also manipulate the fate of vimentin in host cells. Given that vimentin is not only involved in bacterial infection, but also the associated life-threatening inflammation, the use of vimentin-targeted drugs might offer a synergistic advantage. In this Review, we recapitulate the abundant evidence on vimentin and its dynamic changes in bacterial infection and speculate on its potential as an anti-bacterial therapeutic target.
Dual-energy CT for gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Okamura-Kawasaki Miyuki , Uesugi Yuya , Yabusaki Satoshi 
Published: February 2023

Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) can be used for various types of analyses, including iodine quantification, and its usefulness in diagnosing gastrointestinal diseases has been reported. This pictorial review describes the use of DECT in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding. Virtual non-contrast computed tomography (CT) is available in DECT and can be used as a substitute for pre-contrast CT in the case of gastrointestinal haemorrhage. The omission of pre-contrast CT can reduce radiation exposure by approximately 30%. A low-keV virtual monochromatic X-ray image (VMI) can increase the contrast of iodine, and iodine maps can provide better visibility of extravasation. These analytical images can provide a diagnosis with a high degree of confidence. In addition, the low-keV VMI clearly illustrates the vascular structure, which may be useful for improving the visibility of vascular lesions and for confirming the arterial anatomy before embolisation. Considering that these analytical images are created on the basis of contrast-enhanced CT, the positional information of organs is entirely identical, thus allowing the comparison of images regardless of intestinal peristalsis or body motion. In conclusion, the analytical images of DECT can solve the problems of conventional protocols, and DECT is considered useful in the imaging diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding.