bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using acoustic indices in ecology: Guidance on study design, analyses and interpretation
Authors: Bradfer‐Lawrence Tom , Desjonqueres Camille , Eldridge Alice , Johnston Alison , Metcalf Oliver 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The rise of passive acoustic monitoring and the rapid growth in large audio datasets is driving the development of analysis methods that allow ecological inferences to be drawn from acoustic data.

Acoustic indices are currently one of the most widely applied tools in ecoacoustics. These numerical summaries of the sound energy contained in digital audio recordings are relatively straightforward and fast to calculate but can be challenging to interpret. Misapplication and misinterpretation have produced conflicting results and led some to question their value.

To encourage better use of acoustic indices, we provide nine points of guidance to support good study design, analysis and interpretation. We offer practical recommendations for the use of acoustic indices in the study of both whole soundscapes and individual taxa and species, and point to emerging trends in ecoacoustic analysis. In particular, we highlight the critical importance of understanding the links between soundscape patterns and acoustic indices.

Acoustic indices can offer insights into the state of organisms, populations, and ecosystems, complementing other ecological research techniques. Judicious selection, appropriate application and thorough interpretation of existing indices is vital to bolster robust developments in ecoacoustics for biodiversity monitoring, conservation and future research.
Plant species composition and vegetation structure ofSphagnumcultivation sites
Authors: Grobe Amanda 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsThe cultivation ofSphagnummosses in paludiculture has high potential for the use of formerly drained peatlands under wet conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plant species composition and vegetation structure ofSphagnumcultivation sites in comparison with near‐natural donor sites and rewetted sites withoutSphagnumintroduction.LocationCentral Europe, northwest Germany close to the Dutch–German border.MethodsThe treatments (rewetting with and withoutSphagnumintroduction) and a near‐natural donor as a reference were each studied at three different sites. At each site, bryophyte and vascular plant species composition as well as parameters of vegetation structure were sampled in 40 randomly positioned plots of 25 cm × 25 cm.ResultsIn addition to the highly frequentSphagnum, several further plant species typical of bogs were introduced. At two cultivation sites, the species composition showed a high degree of similarity to the near‐natural donor sites, whereas the third site was more similar to the rewetted sites without the introduction ofSphagnumbiomass. Rewetted sites were species‐poor in comparison with all other sites. Apart from a high cover ofSphagnum, the vegetation structure at the cultivation sites differed significantly from the near‐natural donor sites.ConclusionsSphagnumcultivation sites can be used to grow donor material for peatland restoration and contribute to species conservation by providing substitute habitat for bog‐typical and threatened plant species.
Postoperative ileus after digestive surgery: Network meta‐analysis of pharmacological intervention
Authors: Buscail Etienne , Planchamp Thibault , Le Cosquer Guillaume , Bouchet Manon , Thevenin Julie , Carrere Nicolas , Muscari Fabrice , Abbo Olivier , Maulat Charlotte , Weyl Ariane , Duffas Jean Pierre , Philis Antoine , Ghouti Laurent , Canivet Cindy , Motta Jean Paul , Vergnolle Nathalie , Deraison Celine , Shourick Jason 
Published: August 2023

AimsSeveral medicinal treatments for avoiding postoperative ileus (POI) after abdominal surgery have been evaluated in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This network meta‐analysis aimed to explore the relative effectiveness of these different treatments on ileus outcome measures.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed to identify RCTs comparing treatments for POI following abdominal surgery. A Bayesian network meta‐analysis was performed. Direct and indirect comparisons of all regimens were simultaneously compared using random‐effects network meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of 38 RCTs were included in this network meta‐analysis reporting on 6371 patients. Our network meta‐analysis shows that prokinetics significantly reduce the duration of first gas (mean difference [MD] = 16 h; credible interval −30, −3.1; surface under the cumulative ranking curve [SUCRA] 0.418), duration of first bowel movements (MD = 25 h; credible interval −39, −11; SUCRA 0.25) and duration of postoperative hospitalization (MD −1.9 h; credible interval −3.8, −0.040; SUCRA 0.34). Opioid antagonists are the only treatment that significantly improve the duration of food recovery (MD −19 h; credible interval −26, −14; SUCRA 0.163).ConclusionBased on our meta‐analysis, the 2 most consistent pharmacological treatments able to effectively reduce POI after abdominal surgery are prokinetics and opioid antagonists. The absence of clear superiority of 1 treatment over another highlights the limits of the pharmacological principles available.
Medical students' perceived comfort and competence performing physical examinations on patients with obesity: A mixed‐methods needs assessment
Authors: Tenedero Christine B. , O'Brien Kathleen T. , Patel Barkha P. , Strom Michele , Deveci Arin C. , Chu Lisa , Jayawardena Sanasi , Noseworthy Rebecca , McPherson Amy C. , Walsh Catharine M. , Hamilton Jill K. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryPhysicians are unsatisfied with their training in the care of patients with obesity. Physical examination is a key component of care, and modifications to techniques are often necessary for patients with obesity. To determine learning needs, we examined medical students' perceived comfort and competency in conducting physical examinations on patients with obesity. This mixed‐methods study of Canadian medical students used a questionnaire and semi‐structured focus groups to assess medical students' perceived comfort and competence in examining patients with obesity. Participants included 175 Canadian medical students. A minority of medical students felt comfortable (42%) or competent (14%) examining patients with obesity. Physical exam challenges included modifying exam manoeuvres, interpreting findings and communicating sensitively around weight. Lack of early exposure to patients with obesity, minimal instruction by preceptors and a lack of curricular focus on obesity were felt to be barriers to improving these skills. Students perceived their lack of confidence as negatively impacting their ability to manage patients with obesity and more training in this area was desired to prevent disparities in care. Medical students feel that adequate training on how to perform an obesity‐specific physical examination is lacking. Developing curricula and including formal teaching around these key competencies within medical education is essential.
Lesion detection in epilepsy surgery: Lessons from a prospective evaluation of a machine learning algorithm
Authors: Chari Aswin , Adler Sophie , Wagstyl Konrad , Seunarine Kiran , Tahir M. Zubair , Moeller Friederike , Thornton Rachel , Boyd Steward , Das Krishna , Cooray Gerald , Smith Stuart , D'Arco Felice , Baldeweg Torsten , Eltze Christin , Cross J. Helen , Tisdall Martin M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate a lesion detection algorithm designed to detect focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) in children undergoing stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) as part of their presurgical evaluation for drug‐resistant epilepsy.MethodThis was a prospective, single‐arm, interventional study (Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, and Long‐Term Follow‐Up phase 1/2a). After routine SEEG planning, structural magnetic resonance imaging sequences were run through an FCD lesion detection algorithm to identify putative clusters. If the top three clusters were not already sampled, up to three additional SEEG electrodes were added. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of patients who had additional electrode contacts in the SEEG‐defined seizure‐onset zone (SOZ).ResultsTwenty patients (median age 12 years, range 4–18 years) were enrolled, one of whom did not undergo SEEG. Additional electrode contacts were part of the SOZ in 1 out of 19 patients while 3 out of 19 patients had clusters that were part of the SOZ but they were already implanted. A total of 16 additional electrodes were implanted in nine patients and there were no adverse events from the additional electrodes.InterpretationWe demonstrate early‐stage prospective clinical validation of a machine learning lesion detection algorithm used to aid the identification of the SOZ in children undergoing SEEG. We share key lessons learnt from this evaluation and emphasize the importance of robust prospective evaluation before routine clinical adoption of such algorithms.What this paper adds

The focal cortical dysplasia detection algorithm collocated with the seizure‐onset zone (SOZ) in 4 out of 19 patients.
The algorithm changed the resection boundaries in 1 of 19 patients undergoing stereoelectroencephalography for drug‐resistant epilepsy.
The patient with an altered resection due to the algorithm was seizure‐free 1 year after resective surgery.
Overall, the algorithm did not increase the proportion of patients in whom SOZ was identified.
Postdoctoral researchers' experience and their career plan in a research‐focused university in South Korea
Authors: Lee Soo Jeung , Shin Jung Cheol 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aims to empirically analyse whether, in the context of South Korea, postdoctoral researchers' career plans are closely associated with their postdoctoral experience, along with whether these postdoctoral experiences differ by gender and discipline. Data were collected from an online survey targeting postdoctoral researchers at a research‐focused university in South Korea in 2019. This study found that the majority of the postdoctoral researchers pursue faculty positions at universities as in other countries, and there were no statistically significant differences in future academic career plan by gender and discipline. However, female postdoctoral researchers had lower satisfaction with their postdoctoral experience than males. Logistic regression analysis indicates that the postdoctoral researchers who experienced sufficient career advice from their supervisor are more likely to have academic positions at universities than their colleagues without such advice. This study suggests that institutional supports as well as close mentoring and advising by supervisors are critical for retaining them in academia.
Influence of conventional blanching and sonication on the quality parameters of black carrot (Daucus carota L.) juice: a comparative analysis
Authors: Kaur Navjot , Aggarwal Poonam , A Parinitha , Sandhu Pawandeep Kaur 
Published: August 2023

SummaryBlack carrot is a peculiar variety of carrot that is known for its deep purple‐black colour and its high levels of antioxidants. Black carrots were subjected to five different treatments, namely, hot water blanching, acidified water blanching, sonication and sonication combined with hot water blanching and acidified blanching. The untreated juice was taken as control. The effect of both conventional (blanching) and non‐conventional (sonication) methods on the quality attributes of black carrot juice was evaluated. The application of blanching treatments resulted in significant (P < 0.05) reduction in peroxidase activity, however, sonication alone was comparatively ineffective. The sonication exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) increase in minerals, phytochemicals and antioxidant activities. Conversely, conventional blanching treatments reduced their content. All treated samples exhibited significant (P < 0.05) decrease in microbial count as compared to control. However, the decline was more pronounced in juices subjected to simultaneous acidified water blanching and ultrasound treatment. The findings demonstrate that combining ultrasound treatment with blanching offers advantages in improving the phytochemical constituents, microbial safety, and overall quality of black carrot juice.
Nutritional, physicochemical and antioxidant properties of sprouted and fermented beverages made from Phalaris canariensis seed
Authors: Juárez‐Trujillo Naida , González‐Avila Cristina , Beristain‐Guevara César I. , Mendoza‐López María Remedios , Pascual‐Pineda Luz Alicia , Jiménez‐Fernández Maribel 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThe development of fermented beverages from seeds is important because the fermentation process decreases the concentration of anti‐nutritional compounds, in addition, compounds that provide odour, flavour, and that have beneficial properties for the consumer are generated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional characteristics, physicochemical properties, antioxidants, volatile compounds, fatty acids and bioactive compounds of un‐sprouted canary seed, sprouted seed and a fermented beverage prepared from the germinated seed. The analysis of untargeted bioactive compounds by Ultra High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to a quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer (UPLC‐MS‐QTOF) allowed the identification of the main metabolic pathways that occur during these processes. The sprouts contained linolenic acid, and the beverage contained fatty acids. L‐phenylalanine was the polyphenol present at the highest concentration in the seed, sprout and beverage. Seven volatile compounds were identified, of which 2‐methyl butanal and ethanol were found in the highest concentration in the sprouted and fermented seeds, respectively. The beverage exhibited the highest concentration of polyphenols and antioxidant activity assessed by the DPPH, FRAP and ABTS tests. We, therefore, conclude that the beverage could confer beneficial health effects, and the results provide information for the development of new functional canary seed products.
Acid–base and electrolyte evaluation in dogs with upper GI obstruction: 115 dogs (2015‐2021)
Authors: Lozano B. A. , Yankin I. , Perry S. , Rutter C. R. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesMetabolic alkalosis, although uncommon in small animals, has been previously associated with gastrointestinal obstructions. Depending on the population and disease process evaluated, previous prevalence of metabolic alkalosis is reported as ranging from 2% to 45% in canine patients. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic alkalosis and other acid–base and electrolyte disorders in a cohort of dogs with a confirmed upper gastrointestinal obstruction.Materials and MethodsElectronic medical records were reviewed to identify dogs who presented for vomiting with evidence of an upper gastrointestinal obstruction from January 2015 to October 2021. Patients were enrolled only if a preoperative venous blood gas was obtained and analysed in house. Traditional acid–base analysis was utilised to determine an acid–base status before relieving the obstruction. When available, post‐operative venous acid–base status was determined within 24 hours after surgery, and compared to preoperative results.ResultsA total of 115 dogs were included in the study. Twenty‐five out of 115 (22%) dogs displayed either a simple metabolic alkalosis or a mixed acid–base disturbance before surgery. Twenty‐seven out of 115 dogs (37%) had a normal acid–base status at entry. Seventy‐one dogs had pre‐ and post‐operative venous blood gas results available. Metabolic alkalosis was resolved in nearly all patients post‐operatively, with no patients displaying a simple metabolic alkalosis. A mixed metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis was the most common condition post‐operatively, found in 25 of 71 (35%) dogs. Severe derangements of electrolytes were infrequent preoperatively (3/115; 2.6%). A majority of patients in this study exhibited hypokalaemia (64.4%), hypochloraemia (72.8%) and hyponatraemia (77.4%) on preoperative venous blood gases. Venous pH, PvCO2, bicarbonate and base excess were significantly higher preoperatively when compared to the post‐operative results.Clinical SignificanceThis study found the prevalence of pre‐operative metabolic alkalosis in dogs with a documented upper gastrointestinal obstruction to be lower than previously reported. Surgical or endoscopic alleviation of the upper gastrointestinal obstruction resulted in resolution of metabolic alkalosis in nearly all patients.
A ‘New Scale’ from the Beyond:Verbunkosand Triadic Transformations in a Piece Attributed to the Spirit of Liszt by Rosemary Brown
Authors: Bomfim Érico , Almada Carlos 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTThis article discusses ‘New Scale Modulations’, an unusual piece attributed to Franz Liszt by Rosemary Brown (1916–2001), a British composer who claimed to be a spirit medium. ‘New Scale Modulations’ ‘invents’ four key signatures that correspond to four transpositions of the same mode. The ‘New Scale’ and the way it is used establishes a unique mediation between two independent worlds: that ofverbunkosasymmetrical scales and that of symmetrical musical thinking, especially hexatonic scales and triadic transformations. By this means, ‘New Scale Modulations’ establishes a deep and rational dialogue with Liszt's harmonic language, incorporating several elements of theverbunkosandZukunftsmusik. Without ‘proving’ Brown's spirit medium claims, ‘New Scale Modulations’ challenges the view of her as no more than a superficial and intuitive imitator.
Basigin is released in extracellular vesicles derived from the renal tubular epithelium in response to albuminuria
Authors: Watanabe Tomoharu , Maeda Kayaho , Kato Noritoshi , Seko Hiroshi , Sugimura Masahiro , Sato Yuka , Ryuge Akihiro , Kato Sawako , Kadomatsu Kenji , Maruyama Shoichi , Kosugi Tomoki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimIrrespective of the cause, albumin/proteinuria induces tubulointerstitial damage and accelerates the progression of kidney diseases. Our series of studies demonstrated that proteinuria, an independent prognostic factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), is correlated with urinary basigin/CD147 (Bsg) levels. We examined the morphology and origin of Bsg in the tubular lumen through the effects of filtered glucose and protein solutes on the tubules.MethodsDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) patients (N = 50) were treated with spironolactone 25 mg for 4 weeks or by conservative treatment. The associations between urinary Bsg values and clinical indicators were examined. Primary‐cultured proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) from human adult kidneys were exposed to high glucose or bovine serum albumin (BSA).ResultsIn patients with early phase DKD, urinary Bsg levels were closely correlated with proteinuria but not HbA1c. Full‐length Bsg on extracellular vesicles (EVs) was investigated primarily in urine collected from DKD patients. EVs obtained from the urine of DKD patients included Bsg and SGLT2 proteins. Notably, spironolactone treatment concomitantly suppressed the release of Bsg‐bearing EVs in correlation with decreased albuminuria. Exposure of PTECs to BSA (but not high glucose) enhanced the storage of supernatant Bsg in EVs despite the absence of exposure‐specific changes in Bsg transcription.ConclusionProteinuria induces the release of Bsg‐bearing EVs derived from PTECs into the tubular lumen.
Factors related to intensive care unit Nurses' work engagement: A web‐based survey
Authors: Haruna Yoshie , Shiromaru Mizue , Sumikawa Masuko 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA questionnaire survey on the personal and work factors related to work engagement among intensive care unit nurses concerning their recovery experiences and the nursing practice environment was conducted using a web‐based tool. Two individual factors (demographics and experience on recovery from job stress) and four work factors (work employment type, nursing method, COVID‐19 nursing experience, and nursing practice environment) were surveyed. Data from 244 participants were obtained, and survey items were analyzed using a multiple regression analysis with work engagement as the dependent variable. The results show that 3–5 years of nursing experience is significantly associated with lower work engagement. Conversely, certifications for higher‐level and specialized nursing, mastery experience such as learning new things, 1–9 days/month of COVID‐19 nursing experience, and suitable nursing practice environment were significantly associated with higher work engagement. These factors are considered important for improving the work engagement of intensive care unit nurses.
Histone Deacetylase Complex 1 and histone 1 epigenetically moderate stress responsiveness of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings
Authors: Perrella Giorgio , Fasano Carlo , Donald Naomi A. , Daddiego Loretta , Fang Weiwei , Martignago Damiano , Carr Craig , Conti Lucio , Herzyk Pawel , Amtmann Anna 
Published: August 2023

Summary
Early responses of plants to environmental stress factors prevent damage but can delay growth and development in fluctuating conditions. Optimising these trade‐offs requires tunability of plant responsiveness to environmental signals.
We have previously reported that Histone Deacetylase Complex 1 (HDC1), which interacts with multiple proteins in histone deacetylation complexes, regulates the stress responsiveness of Arabidopsis seedlings, but the underlying mechanism remained elusive.
Here, we show that HDC1 attenuates transcriptome re‐programming in salt‐treated seedlings, and we identify two genes (LEA and MAF5) that inhibit seedling establishment under salt stress downstream of HDC1. HDC1 attenuates their transcriptional induction by salt via a dual mechanism involving H3K9/14 deacetylation and H3K27 trimethylation. The latter, but not the former, was also abolished in a triple knockout mutant of the linker histone H1, which partially mimics the hypersensitivity of the hdc1‐1 mutant to salt stress. Although stress‐induced H3K27me3 accumulation required both H1 and HDC1, it was not fully recovered by complementing hdc1‐1 with a truncated, H1‐binding competent HDC1 suggesting other players or independent inputs.
The combined findings reveal a dual brake function of HDC1 via regulating both active and repressive epigenetic marks on stress‐inducible genes. This natural ‘anti‐panic’ device offers a molecular leaver to tune stress responsiveness in plants.
Mobilizing adolescents and young women to promote healthy diets in urban settings of Colombia and Vietnam: Lessons from two action‐research programs
Authors: Bergeron Gilles , Nguyen Phuong Hong , Correa Guzman Nathalia , Tran Lan Mai , Hoang Nga Thu , Restrepo‐Mesa Sandra L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdolescent and young women face grave nutrition challenges, but limited evidence exists on solutions to improve their diets. Action‐research was done over 3 years (2020–2022) in secondary cities of Colombia (Medellin) and Vietnam (Thai Nguyen) to identify nutrient deficits in adolescent and young women diets; elaborate food‐based recommendations to improve their nutritional status using Optifood linear programming; and engage respondents in incorporating suggested recommendations to their diet using a Social Innovation Challenge approach. A total of 1001 respondents were interviewed in Vietnam, 793 in Colombia. The probability of nutrient inadequacy in both locations was highest for iron and calcium, followed by the risk of deficiency for several other vitamins and minerals. Social Innovation Challenge teams (11 in Vietnam, 9 in Colombia) were created and supported in developing solutions to improve diets and tackle those deficiencies. Awards and resources were transferred to the most promising solutions to enable their implementation. Pre/post measurements of the interventions’ impact using the Global Diet Quality Score as outcome metric showed significant improvement in the diets of Challenge participants. After introducing a series of companion articles that offer detailed results on those various steps, this paper draws strategic lessons from an action‐research perspective.