bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etiology of genetic muscle disorders induced by mutations in fast and slow skeletal MyBP-C paralogs
Authors: Song Taejeong , Landim-Vieira Maicon , Ozdemir Mustafa , Gott Caroline , Kanisicak Onur , Pinto Jose Renato , Sadayappan Sakthivel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSkeletal muscle, a highly complex muscle type in the eukaryotic system, is characterized by different muscle subtypes and functions associated with specific myosin isoforms. As a result, skeletal muscle is the target of numerous diseases, including distal arthrogryposes (DAs). Clinically, DAs are a distinct disorder characterized by variation in the presence of contractures in two or more distal limb joints without neurological issues. DAs are inherited, and up to 40% of patients with this condition have mutations in genes that encode sarcomeric protein, including myosin heavy chains, troponins, and tropomyosin, as well as myosin binding protein-C (MYBPC). Our research group and others are actively studying the specific role of MYBPC in skeletal muscles. The MYBPC family of proteins plays a critical role in the contraction of striated muscles. More specifically, three paralogs of the MYBPC gene exist, and these are named after their predominant expression in slow-skeletal, fast-skeletal, and cardiac muscle as sMyBP-C, fMyBP-C, and cMyBP-C, respectively, and encoded by the MYBPC1, MYBPC2, and MYBPC3 genes, respectively. Although the physiology of various types of skeletal muscle diseases is well defined, the molecular mechanism underlying the pathological regulation of DAs remains to be elucidated. In this review article, we aim to highlight recent discoveries involving the role of skeletal muscle-specific sMyBP-C and fMyBP-C as well as their expression profile, localization in the sarcomere, and potential role(s) in regulating muscle contractility. Thus, this review provides an overall summary of MYBPC skeletal paralogs, their potential roles in skeletal muscle function, and future research directions.
Honokiol suppresses the aberrant interactions between renal resident macrophages and tubular epithelial cells in lupus nephritis through the NLRP3/IL-33/ST2 axis
Authors: Ma Qing , Xu Mengyang , Jing Xin , Qiu Jiang , Huang Shuo , Yan Honghao , Yin Lu , Lou Jiang , Zhao Lisha , Fan Yongsheng , Qiu Ping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLupus nephritis (LN) is a type of immune-complex nephritis caused by systemic lupus erythematosus and is a major contributor to mortality and morbidity. Honokiol (HNK) has been found to have a therapeutic effect on LN, but its action mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we first demonstrated that HNK attenuates kidney injury in MRL/lpr mice. Results from RNA sequencing combined with ingenuity pathway analysis suggested that HNK plays an anti-LN role through inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL33. GEO chip data, single-cell data, and clinical samples from LN patients demonstrated that the pyroptosis and IL-33/ST2 pathways are abnormally activated during the stage of LN. In vivo, similar to the results of the AAV-mediated NLRP3 shRNA MRL/lpr model, HNK downregulated serum and renal IL-33 levels, and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome and the IL-33/ST2 axis in the kidney. In vitro, co-culturing NLRP3-overexpressing or IL-33 knocked-down rat renal macrophages with NRK-52E cells confirmed that NLRP3 activation in resident macrophages directly upregulates IL-33, which in turn mediates the IL-33/ST2/NF-κB pathway to promote the inflammatory response of renal tubular epithelial cells. Furthermore, a molecular docking model and surface plasmon resonance analysis were utilized to demonstrate a direct interaction between HNK and NLRP3. In conclusion, this study provides a novel anti-LN treatment strategy in which HNK plays a preventive and therapeutic role against LN by suppressing the abnormal crosstalk between renal resident macrophages and renal tubular epithelial cells by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3/IL-33/ST2 axis.
Complications and outcomes following injection of foreign material into the male external genitalia for augmentation: a single-centre experience and systematic review
Authors: Pang Karl H. , Randhawa Karen , Tang Stanley , Fallara Giuseppe , Katelaris Athos , Castiglione Fabio , Ahmed Kamran , Blecher Gideon , Christopher Nim , Ralph David J. , Muneer Asif , Alnajjar Hussain M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInjection of exogenous material into the penis and scrotum has been performed for augmentation purposes. Complications include cosmetic dissatisfaction, penile necrosis and lymphoedema. We report the complications and outcomes from a single centre with an updated systematic review of the literature. A retrospective review of all cases presenting with foreign substance injection into the genitalia, over a 10-year period was performed. Thirty-five patients with a mean (standard deviation (SD); range) age of 36.9 (±9.1; 22–61) years at presentation were included. The mean (SD; range) time between injection and presentation was 7.8 (±5.8; 1 day–20 years) years. The most common injected substance was silicone (n = 16, 45.7%) and liquid paraffin (n = 8, 22.9%). The penile shaft (94.3%) was the most injected site. The most common presentations were cosmetic dissatisfaction (57.1%) and pain and/or swelling (45.7%). Surgery was required in 32 (91.4%) cases. Primary procedures included local excision and primary closure (n = 19, 59.4%), circumcision (n = 5, 15.6%), excision with a split skin graft or a scrotal flap reconstruction (n = 5, 15.6%). Three (8.6%) patients presented with necrosis and required acute debridement. Overall, 18 patients had more than 1 procedure, and 8 patients required 3 or more procedures. A systematic search of the literature identified 887 articles of which 68 studies were included for analysis. The most common substance injected was paraffin (47.7%), followed by silicone (15.8%). The majority of patients (77.9%) presented with pain, swelling or penile deformity. 78.8% of the patients underwent surgical treatment, which included excision and primary closure with or without the use of skin grafts (85.1% of all procedures), the use of flaps (12.3%) and penile amputation (n = 2). Complications of foreign body injection into the male genitalia can be serious resulting in necrosis and autoamputation. Surgical intervention is often required to excise abnormal tissue to manage pain and improve cosmesis.
Predicting locations of cryptic pockets from single protein structures using the PocketMiner graph neural network
Authors: Meller Artur , Ward Michael , Borowsky Jonathan , Kshirsagar Meghana , Lotthammer Jeffrey M. , Oviedo Felipe , Ferres Juan Lavista , Bowman Gregory R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCryptic pockets expand the scope of drug discovery by enabling targeting of proteins currently considered undruggable because they lack pockets in their ground state structures. However, identifying cryptic pockets is labor-intensive and slow. The ability to accurately and rapidly predict if and where cryptic pockets are likely to form from a structure would greatly accelerate the search for druggable pockets. Here, we present PocketMiner, a graph neural network trained to predict where pockets are likely to open in molecular dynamics simulations. Applying PocketMiner to single structures from a newly curated dataset of 39 experimentally confirmed cryptic pockets demonstrates that it accurately identifies cryptic pockets (ROC-AUC: 0.87) >1,000-fold faster than existing methods. We apply PocketMiner across the human proteome and show that predicted pockets open in simulations, suggesting that over half of proteins thought to lack pockets based on available structures likely contain cryptic pockets, vastly expanding the potentially druggable proteome.
A photoswitchable inhibitor of TREK channels controls pain in wild-type intact freely moving animals
Authors: Landra-Willm Arnaud , Karapurkar Ameya , Duveau Alexia , Chassot Anne Amandine , Esnault Lucille , Callejo Gerard , Bied Marion , Häfner Stephanie , Lesage Florian , Wdziekonski Brigitte , Baron Anne , Fossat Pascal , Marsollier Laurent , Gasull Xavier , Boué-Grabot Eric , Kienzler Michael A. , Sandoz Guillaume 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBy endowing light control of neuronal activity, optogenetics and photopharmacology are powerful methods notably used to probe the transmission of pain signals. However, costs, animal handling and ethical issues have reduced their dissemination and routine use. Here we report LAKI (Light Activated K+ channel Inhibitor), a specific photoswitchable inhibitor of the pain-related two-pore-domain potassium TREK and TRESK channels. In the dark or ambient light, LAKI is inactive. However, alternating transdermal illumination at 365 nm and 480 nm reversibly blocks and unblocks TREK/TRESK current in nociceptors, enabling rapid control of pain and nociception in intact and freely moving mice and nematode. These results demonstrate, in vivo, the subcellular localization of TREK/TRESK at the nociceptor free nerve endings in which their acute inhibition is sufficient to induce pain, showing LAKI potential as a valuable tool for TREK/TRESK channel studies. More importantly, LAKI gives the ability to reversibly remote-control pain in a non-invasive and physiological manner in naive animals, which has utility in basic and translational pain research but also in in vivo analgesic drug screening and validation, without the need of genetic manipulations or viral infection.
Sub-continental-scale carbon stocks of individual trees in African drylands
Authors: Tucker Compton , Brandt Martin , Hiernaux Pierre , Kariryaa Ankit , Rasmussen Kjeld , Small Jennifer , Igel Christian , Reiner Florian , Melocik Katherine , Meyer Jesse , Sinno Scott , Romero Eric , Glennie Erin , Fitts Yasmin , Morin August , Pinzon Jorge , McClain Devin , Morin Paul , Porter Claire , Loeffler Shane , Kergoat Laurent , Issoufou Bil-Assanou , Savadogo Patrice , Wigneron Jean-Pierre , Poulter Benjamin , Ciais Philippe , Kaufmann Robert , Myneni Ranga , Saatchi Sassan , Fensholt Rasmus 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe distribution of dryland trees and their density, cover, size, mass and carbon content are not well known at sub-continental to continental scales1–14. This information is important for ecological protection, carbon accounting, climate mitigation and restoration efforts of dryland ecosystems15–18. We assessed more than 9.9 billion trees derived from more than 300,000 satellite images, covering semi-arid sub-Saharan Africa north of the Equator. We attributed wood, foliage and root carbon to every tree in the 0–1,000 mm year−1 rainfall zone by coupling field data19, machine learning20–22, satellite data and high-performance computing. Average carbon stocks of individual trees ranged from 0.54 Mg C ha−1 and 63 kg C tree−1 in the arid zone to 3.7 Mg C ha−1 and 98 kg tree−1 in the sub-humid zone. Overall, we estimated the total carbon for our study area to be 0.84 (±19.8%) Pg C. Comparisons with 14 previous TRENDY numerical simulation studies23 for our area found that the density and carbon stocks of scattered trees have been underestimated by three models and overestimated by 11 models, respectively. This benchmarking can help understand the carbon cycle and address concerns about land degradation24–29. We make available a linked database of wood mass, foliage mass, root mass and carbon stock of each tree for scientists, policymakers, dryland-restoration practitioners and farmers, who can use it to estimate farmland tree carbon stocks from tablets or laptops.
Momentum transfer from the DART mission kinetic impact on asteroid Dimorphos
Authors: Cheng Andrew F. , Agrusa Harrison F. , Barbee Brent W. , Meyer Alex J. , Farnham Tony L. , Raducan Sabina D. , Richardson Derek C. , Dotto Elisabetta , Zinzi Angelo , Della Corte Vincenzo , Statler Thomas S. , Chesley Steven , Naidu Shantanu P. , Hirabayashi Masatoshi , Li Jian-Yang , Eggl Siegfried , Barnouin Olivier S. , Chabot Nancy L. , Chocron Sidney , Collins Gareth S. , Daly R. Terik , Davison Thomas M. , DeCoster Mallory E. , Ernst Carolyn M. , Ferrari Fabio , Graninger Dawn M. , Jacobson Seth A. , Jutzi Martin , Kumamoto Kathryn M. , Luther Robert , Lyzhoft Joshua R. , Michel Patrick , Murdoch Naomi , Nakano Ryota , Palmer Eric , Rivkin Andrew S. , Scheeres Daniel J. , Stickle Angela M. , Sunshine Jessica M. , Trigo-Rodriguez Josep M. , Vincent Jean-Baptiste , Walker James D. , Wünnemann Kai , Zhang Yun , Amoroso Marilena , Bertini Ivano , Brucato John R. , Capannolo Andrea , Cremonese Gabriele , Dall’Ora Massimo , Deshapriya Prasanna J. D. , Gai Igor , Hasselmann Pedro H. , Ieva Simone , Impresario Gabriele , Ivanovski Stavro L. , Lavagna Michèle , Lucchetti Alice , Epifani Elena M. , Modenini Dario , Pajola Maurizio , Palumbo Pasquale , Perna Davide , Pirrotta Simone , Poggiali Giovanni , Rossi Alessandro , Tortora Paolo , Zannoni Marco , Zanotti Giovanni 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe NASA Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission performed a kinetic impact on asteroid Dimorphos, the satellite of the binary asteroid (65803) Didymos, at 23:14 UTC on 26 September 2022 as a planetary defence test1. DART was the first hypervelocity impact experiment on an asteroid at size and velocity scales relevant to planetary defence, intended to validate kinetic impact as a means of asteroid deflection. Here we report a determination of the momentum transferred to an asteroid by kinetic impact. On the basis of the change in the binary orbit period2, we find an instantaneous reduction in Dimorphos’s along-track orbital velocity component of 2.70 ± 0.10 mm s−1, indicating enhanced momentum transfer due to recoil from ejecta streams produced by the impact3,4. For a Dimorphos bulk density range of 1,500 to 3,300 kg m−3, we find that the expected value of the momentum enhancement factor, β, ranges between 2.2 and 4.9, depending on the mass of Dimorphos. If Dimorphos and Didymos are assumed to have equal densities of 2,400 kg m−3, $${\beta =3.61}_{-0.25}^{+0.19}(1\sigma )$$

β
=
3.61

−
0.25

+
0.19

(

1
σ

)

. These β values indicate that substantially more momentum was transferred to Dimorphos from the escaping impact ejecta than was incident with DART. Therefore, the DART kinetic impact was highly effective in deflecting the asteroid Dimorphos.
Evaluation of grouped capsule network for intracranial hemorrhage segmentation in CT scans
Authors: Wang Lingying , Tang Menglin , Hu Xiuying 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntracranial hemorrhage is a cerebral vascular disease with high mortality. Automotive diagnosing and segmentation of intracranial hemorrhage in Computed Tomography (CT) could assist the neurosurgeon in making treatment plans, which improves the survival rate. In this paper, we design a grouped capsule network named GroupCapsNet to segment the hemorrhage region from a Non-contract CT scan. In grouped capsule network, we constrain the prediction capsules for output capsules produced from different groups of input capsules with various types in each layer. This method can reduce the number of intermediate prediction capsules and accelerate the capsule network. In addition, we modify the squashing function to further accelerate the forward procedure without sacrificing its performance. We evaluate our proposed method with a collected dataset containing 210 intracranial hemorrhage CT scan slices. In experiments, our proposed method achieves competitive results in intracranial hemorrhage area segmentation compared to the existing methods.
Controlled growth of lead-free cesium zirconium halide double perovskite nanocrystals through a microfluidic reactor
Authors: Geng Yimin , Lv Hao , Xu Shu , Geng Chong 
Published: March 2023

Vacancy-ordered Cs2ZrX6 (X = Cl, Br) double perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized through microfludic reactor, and kinetic study revealed the critical role of ligand and temperature in growth control and optical properties of the NCs.
Wideband and low‐loss transition from low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic laminated waveguide to subminiature coaxial connector for millimetre‐wave applications
Authors: Yuan Bin , Du Qing , Yuan Yang , Hao Chengxiang , Zhao Yan , Yu Zhongjun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis letter presents a novel transition scheme from laminated waveguide (LWG) to subminiature coaxial connector with wideband and low‐loss performance. The laminated waveguide is achieved using multilayer low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) technology. In the conventional transition scheme, a length of grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) is used to connect the LWG and coaxial connector to obtain a wide bandwidth, which increase the transition size and radiation loss, especially in millimetre‐wave (MMW) band. To realize a compact and low‐loss LWG‐to‐coaxial connector transition, the GCPW line is removed and the whole LTCC transition structure is designed underneath the coaxial connector. Moreover, two stages of waveguide step are introduced to constrain the electromagnetic field in the transition for lower radiation loss, which also contributes to the wideband impedance matching. The back‐to‐back transition is designed and fabricated with LTCC technology to validate the proposed transition scheme. A measured bandwidth of 44% from 27.3 to 42.9 GHz is achieved under |S11| < −15 dB and the insertion loss of single transition is about 0.4 dB.
Performance evaluating of rotor arrangement on high torque density in‐wheel permanent magnet machines
Authors: Wang Qin , Wang Chen , Li Ya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article presents a new rotor with fractional slot distribution winding permanent magnet (FSDWPM) machine to improve the torque density of in‐wheel motor. In order to achieve the high torque/power density and reduced material weight with constrained rotor inner diameter and stator outer diameter, three traditional rotor topologies, including single‐layer V‐shaped, double‐layer V‐shaped, and delta‐type, are selected and compared with the proposed FSDWPM machine. Subsequently, the corresponding basic electromagnetic performances, including open‐circuit back‐EMFs, on‐load torque, and efficiency distributions, of the four machines are investigated and compared by finite element (FE) analysis. The simulated results shows that the proposed rotor arrangement exhibits the highest average torque, excellent field‐weakening capability, the largest high‐efficiency region compared with conventional rotor structures. Finally, a 50 kW FSDWPM machine prototype with double‐layer PM arrangement is manufactured, and some experimental results are conducted to confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed design.
Resonant infrared irradiation of CO and CH3OH interstellar ices
Authors: Santos J. C. , Chuang K.-J. , Schrauwen J. G. M. , Traspas Muiña A. , Zhang J. , Cuppen H. M. , Redlich B. , Linnartz H. , Ioppolo S. 
Published: March 2023

Context. Solid-phase photo-processes involving icy dust grains greatly affect the chemical evolution of the interstellar medium by leading to the formation of complex organic molecules and by inducing photodesorption. So far, the focus of laboratory studies has mainly been on the impact of energetic ultraviolet (UV) photons on ices, but direct vibrational excitation by infrared (IR) photons is expected to influence the morphology and content of interstellar ices as well. However, little is still known about the mechanisms through which this excess vibrational energy is dissipated, as well as its implications for the structure and ice photochemistry.
Aims. In this work, we present a systematic investigation of the behavior of interstellar relevant CO and CH3OH ice analogs following the resonant excitation of vibrational modes using tunable IR radiation. We seek to quantify the IR-induced photodesorption and gain insights into the impact of vibrational energy dissipation on ice morphology.
Methods. We utilized an ultrahigh vacuum setup at cryogenic temperatures to grow pure CO and CH3OH ices, as well as mixtures of the two. We exposed the ices to intense, near-monochromatic mid-IR (MIR) free-electron-laser radiation using the LISA end-station at the FELIX free electron laser facility to selectively excite the species. Changes to the ice are monitored by means of reflection-absorption IR spectroscopy combined with quadrupole mass-spectrometry. These methods also allowed us to characterize the photodesorption efficiency.
Results. The dissipation of vibrational energy is observed to be highly dependent on the excited mode and the chemical environment of the ice. All amorphous ices undergo some degree of restructuring towards a more organized configuration upon on-resonance irradiation. Moreover, IR-induced photodesorption is observed to occur for both pure CO and CH3OH ices, with interstellar photodesorption efficiencies on the order of 10 molecules cm−2 s−1. This result is comparable to or higher than what is found for UV-induced counterparts. An indirect photodesorption of CO upon vibrational excitation of CH3OH in ice mixtures is also observed to occur, particularly in environments that are rich in methanol. Here, we discuss the astrochemical implications of these IR-induced phenomena.
Fast correlation function calculator
Authors: Zhao Cheng 
Published: March 2023

Context.A novel high-performance exact pair-counting toolkit called fast correlation function calculator (FCFC) is presented.Aims.With the rapid growth of modern cosmological datasets, the evaluation of correlation functions with observational and simulation catalogues has become a challenge. High-efficiency pair-counting codes are thus in great demand.Methods.We introduce different data structures and algorithms that can be used for pair-counting problems, and perform comprehensive benchmarks to identify the most efficient algorithms for real-world cosmological applications. We then describe the three levels of parallelisms used by FCFC, SIMD, OpenMP, and MPI, and run extensive tests to investigate the scalabilities. Finally, we compare the efficiency of FCFC with alternative pair-counting codes.Results.The data structures and histogram update algorithms implemented in FCFC are shown to outperform alternative methods. FCFC does not benefit greatly from SIMD because the bottleneck of our histogram update algorithm is mainly cache latency. Nevertheless, the efficiency of FCFC scales well with the numbers of OpenMP threads and MPI processes, even though speedups may be degraded with over a few thousand threads in total. FCFC is found to be faster than most (if not all) other public pair-counting codes for modern cosmological pair-counting applications.