bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFYING SUCCESSFUL APPROACHES DURING TESTING ACTIVITIES IN ENGINEERING DESIGN
Authors: Liewerenz Oliver , Grauberger Patric , Nelius Thomas , Matthiesen Sven 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTesting activities to gain specific design knowledge play an essential role in engineering design, when a structure needs to be developed, for which knowledge from analytical models or documentation is missing. As research into these testing activities is difficult, few insights into successful approaches exist.In this contribution, we investigate testing activities to gain specific design knowledge through a laboratory task, where 10 engineering students optimize a system using a web-based process chain including rapid prototyping and testing. Design and testing data are acquired from 110 prototypes in 3 hours. A differentiation of performance is conducted and approaches of high- and low-performers are investigated to identify patterns.Based on these patterns, hypotheses, and metrics indicating successful and non-successful approaches are derived as basis for development of metrics for testing to gain specific design knowledge. A successful approach was overstep the limit, where participants accept destruction of their system to identify boundaries. An unsuccessful approach was the change of many parameters in later tests. These hypotheses and their metrics can then be used in development and validation of support for testing.
INTEGRATED DESIGN METHODOLOGY: A PROPOSAL FOR A SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH-BASED DESIGN PROCESS FOR STIMULI-RESPONSIVE PRODUCTS
Authors: Cano-Franco Julieth Carolina , Álvarez-Láinez Mónica Lucía 
Published: June 2023

AbstractComplex global problems, such as sustainable crop production, where conventional products do not fully solve the problem due to their low efficacy and negative environmental impact, require rationally designed products. Generally, these products are based on efficient technologies and stimuli-responsive and high-performance materials. Considering the product design approach with a science-based approach such as drug development through QbD. We propose to merge the most relevant elements of these approaches in an integrated design methodology. Regarding the conceptual analysis, we propose two phases: initially, an early phase with conceptual solutions, followed by an advanced phase based on QbD elements to define the research hypothesis. Hence, optimal product conditions defined in the design space must comply with the required performance of the stimuli-responsive product. So, with this proposed integration we pretend to potentialize and strengthen the established tools for product design, achieving an advanced and robust design methodology.
INVESTIGATING THE PROCESS, DESIGN OUTPUTS AND NEUROCOGNITIVE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PROTOTYPING ACTIVITIES WITH PHYSICAL AND DIGITAL LEGO
Authors: McClenaghan Adam , Goudswaard Mark , Hicks Ben 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDesign neurocognition is an emerging research area that can provide insights into the black box of designers’ cognitive processes. However, work to date has focused on neurocognition on its own, without integrating this with other design measures. This paper presents the results of a pilot study which brings together designer neurocognition with design output and assessment of the design process followed in a constrained prototyping activity comparing use of physical and digital Lego. This was achieved via EEG data capture, a TLX survey and measures of design output variance. Differences between physical and digital prototyping methods were found with respect to Task Related Powers of EEG signals and the design process followed with digital prototyping methods found to take longer, require more effort and cause more frustration. No differences were found with regard to design output. Whilst the sample size used (n=12) was small, future studies will use large sample sizes to increase their statistical power and will consider alternative EEG or fNIRS to capture brain activity due to challenges with the headset used in this study.
IS IT BETTER? EXPLORING THE EFFECT OF TRANSITION GOAL AND VIRTUAL REALITY ON TEAM PERFORMANCE
Authors: Horvat Nikola , Martinec Tomislav , Brnčić Marko , Škec Stanko 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTransition activities, such as design reviews, are often utilised in product development to evaluate the conducted work and plan future actions. While key decisions are made during these activities, they are still underexplored. This paper studies the effect of transition goals and virtual reality (VR) on transition team performance. In an experimental study, four-member teams conducted two transition-related experimental tasks (validation and verification) working in one of the two conditions (VR or desktop interface). The results show that transition goals and VR affect performance. More specifically, the validation-oriented transition was more efficient but less effective than the verification one. Furthermore, the performance of the validation-oriented transition compared to the verification one was increased in VR and decreased in a desktop interface. Finally, the high-performing teams consistently discussed new issues, while low-performing teams had prolonged moments of not discussing anything new. These findings suggest that desktop interface and VR are not substitutable but rather complementary technologies.
LET'S TAKE THIS OFFLINE: A THEMATIC ANALYSIS OF VIRTUAL CONFLICT IN HYBRID COLLABORATIVE DESIGN TEAMS
Authors: Flus Meagan , Ferguson Sharon , Olechowski Alison 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConflict can be both a productive and detrimental reality of design collaboration. While most studies on conflict characterize findings by type (conflict about the task, process, or interpersonal relationships), we extend this typology to understand the causes, topics, and outcomes of conflict. To do so, we analyze communications in a virtual chat platform, collected in a hybrid work environment. A thematic analysis on over 6000 messages between student design teams on the enterprise communication platform Slack revealed three emergent conflict themes: Engineering Design, Project Management, and Communication. A mapping of the themes to a widely-cited typology of conflict found an over- representation of task (productive) and process (detrimental) conflict in the Engineering Design and Project Management themes, respectively. The distribution of types of conflict in the Communication theme is representative of the entire dataset, suggesting that communication can be a cause and outcome in all types of conflict. Overall, our classification of conflict is the first step towards describing triads of the causes, topics, and outcomes of conflict, a contribution which will drive the development of interventions for design team conflict.
LINKING CROSS-DOMAIN INFORMATION TO SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS
Authors: Baschin Julian , Schmidt Ronald , Schneider David , Vietor Thomas , Kizgin Umut Volkan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDue to an expanding number of mechatronic functionalities in modern technical products, the proportion of software and electronic components is also increasing. As a result, the products are developed by different engineering domains in complex development processes. To handle the growing complexity, Systems Engineering (SE) is increasingly important for development organizations of enterprises. System Engineering (SE) is understood as an approach to network the individual engineering domains and shall lead to a collaborative development of complex systems. Model-Based System Engineering (MBSE) expands SE by using common models and software tools to describe und visualize the systems. However, MBSE is not widely established in enterprises today. On the one hand, the introduction requires a distinct and consistent system understanding and collaborative way of working. On the other hand, the application of the existing tools requires extensive tool competencies due to many possible functions and features. Therefore, this paper presents a concept and a software based tool for a lean implementation of SE/MBSE to support the collaborative development of complex technical systems in small and medium-sized enterprieses.
LINKING DIGITAL B2B PLATFORM BUSINESS MODELS AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Brecht Patrick , Hendriks Daniel , Niever Manuel , Hahn Carsten , Pfaff Felix , Rapp Simon , Albers Albert 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDeveloping digital platform business models, especially in business-to-business (B2B) markets, has a high potential for companies who successfully develop their products in generations. The model of SGE - System Generation Engineering describes the development of mechatronic systems on subsystem level. The authors investigate to what extent a comprehensive and unified methodology can be identified, connecting the research areas of product development and digital B2B platform business models. Therefore, this study conducted a bibliometric analysis of scientific data to identify a research gap and a qualitative literature review to affirm the relevance of future research in this research area. The results show a gap between the research areas of digital B2B platform business models and product development. Essentially, several renowned platform researchers suggested performing future research with a methodology that fulfils the following purposes: (1) improve the general understanding of digital platforms, (2) understand their success factors and development, and (3) deal with challenges (e.g., monetization) and loss of valued personal relations in B2B markets through digitization.
MACHINE LEARNING-BASED VIRTUAL SENSORS FOR GUIDING USER BEHAVIOUR: A CASE STUDY ON HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES
Authors: Ilare Dennis , Cascini Gaetano , Manzoni Stefano , Mansutti Alessandro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Agenda 2030 calls for collective awareness, starting with individuals. The interaction between users and household appliances produces a relevant amount of data that can be elaborated through Machine Learning algorithms to guide users towards sustainable behaviours. In particular, the data already available on household appliances can be conveniently used to create Virtual Sensors, increasing the overall information about the system. This paper focuses on the description of the pipeline for the creation of Virtual Sensors and applies it to a no-frost refrigerator. The Data Acquisition phase is described and feeds the Model Creation phase. For the case study, the data have been discretized and labelled to train a Random Forest algorithm. The validation of the model has been done on an independent dataset. An analysis of the minimum prediction accuracy required for the model is reported. Furthermore, experimental data shows the effect of hot load positioning on the compressor's working time rate.
MAPPING CIRCULAR ECONOMY PROJECTS: A CASE STUDY OF A MAJOR COMPANY IN THE SPORTS & OUTDOOR INDUSTRY
Authors: Rohsig Lopez Nicole Sofia , Legardeur Jérémy , Faucheu Jenny 
Published: June 2023

Abstractparticipants have an average annual carbon footprint of 844 kg of carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions. Thus, it is crucial to find solutions that reduce the sports industry's environmental impact. In this context, the circular economy emerges as a possible alternative. This paper analyses a sports production and retail company transitioning to the circular economy. First, we identified 154 internal circular projects concerning 89 product categories and classified them into different circular strategies and approaches. Then, we conducted interviews with 33 project representatives. Our results show that repair & maintenance is the most employed loop, but sharing economy and recycling also have an essential role. Each circularity loop presents specific challenges, but personal conviction is the common motivator. However, there is a need for greater allocation of resources such as time and budget. Additionally, strong governance is essential to structure these initiatives.
METHODICAL APPROACH TO CLUSTER CONFIGURATIONS OF PRODUCT VARIANTS OF COMPLEX PRODUCT PORTFOLIOS
Authors: Mehlstäubl Jan , Pfeiffer Christoph , Kraul Ralf , Braun Felix , Paetzold-Byhain Kristin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCompanies are increasingly struggling to manage their complex product portfolios. Since they do not fully understand the complexity, intelligent solutions are required. Emerging technologies and tools offer new ways to deal with existing problems. With the help of clustering, similarities between product variants can be identified automatically, and complexity can be systematically reduced. This article aims to develop a methodological approach to identify correlations between product variants in complex product portfolios automatically by using clustering algorithms. The approach includes the systematic cleaning and transformation of product portfolio data. In addition, a guide for algorithm selection and evaluation of clustering results is presented. As the last step, the results are systematically analysed and visualised. To validate the methodical approach, it is applied to a real-world data set of a commercial vehicle manufacturer and the usefulness of the results is confirmed in an expert workshop.
METHODS OF CHANGE IMPACT ANALYSIS FOR PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Mordaschew Viktoria , Herrmann Jan-Phillip , Tackenberg Sven 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDuring product development, the customer or internal stakeholders initiate changes concerning the components or functions of a cyber-physical system (CPS). The complexity of such a CPS causes difficulties in evaluating the effects of a component change. Accordingly, product developers need an assistance system to quantify the impact of a component change on hardware, software, system functions, and production processes. Therefore, this paper focuses on concepts to evaluate the effects of component, functional, and process changes and contributes to its clarification and further understanding of the importance and requirements for such an assistance system. The literature review assesses the identified methods regarding their objectives, application objects, level of automation, and relations characteristics. However, the literature review pointed out that the change prediction method from Clarkson et al. (2004) is well-established in the literature and able to quantify the impact of a change.
MODELING COMPLEXITY IN THE STRUCTURE OF DESIGN REGULATION
Authors: Robinson David Myles , Dong Andy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGovernment regulation shapes many aspects of the design of a product. This paper addresses the effect of the complexity of a regulation on product architecture through the structure of the regulation itself. The structure of a regulation derives from dependencies among requirements and parameters in the regulation that are ipso facto design elements. Since design elements such as requirements and parameters have no formal definition in regulation, it is difficult to identify them accurately and consistently. We apply two approaches to defining and coding requirements and parameters in the context of washing machine regulation. The two coding approaches generate networks of design elements that are analyzed to measure the complexity of the regulation and by extension the product. We find significant differences in the complexity of the regulation when coded in different ways and note deficiencies and strengths of each approach. These findings will support future research to measure the impact of regulatory complexity on product architecture.
MULTIDISCIPLINARY DESIGN ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION FRAMEWORK FOR REGULATORY DRIVEN MEDICAL DEVICE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Mishra Soumya Ranjan , Behdinan Kamran 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMultidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) is a technique used in the design of systems involving the integration of many disciplines. The architecture and formulation of MDO has an impact on the solution time and optimality of final designs. The process of developing medical devices requires the combination of medical and technical knowledge and abilities. Developing a medical device is done by a complicated collection of Product Development Processes that entail tremendous oversight to ensure conformity to regulatory requirements. Regulatory standards often provide stern “Go / No-Go” policies which may discretize the design variables further increasing the complexity of the optimization problem. This work proposes a novel design approach which utilizes systems engineering practices to undertake complex multidisciplinary design optimization while implementing regulatory guidelines for medical devices. The formulated model is then applied and examined in a case study towards the development of a piezoelectric respiratory sensor. It is observed that the novel framework would extensively improve the design space definition and process driven product development practices.
MULTI-INTERNAL ACTORS DIAGNOSIS OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN AN INDUSTRIAL SME
Authors: Gentric Gabrielle , Cluzel François , Boccara Vincent , Boudaoud Hakim , Gonzalo Julien 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn big companies, Circular Economy (CE) is being explored, nevertheless, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) struggle to follow because of particular barriers and a lack of practical guide. Here, we use Style & Design, a French industrial SME, as a case study to explore how SMEs can perform a successful CE integration. This article aims at proposing a multi-internal actor circularity diagnosis method. It focuses on building an inclusive and co-constructed therefore well-accepted and persistent integration of CE for SMEs, which is lacking today in the existing literature. This work relies on a mixed qualitative and quantitative data analysis applied on a corpus of 42 one-hour-long semi-structured interviews, with 37 different professions. We capture the view of the current and desired situation and identify CE barriers unique to each interviewed worker. We also connect with each worker and open the dialog for the rest of the CE deployment. The final goal is to assemble this worker-oriented diagnosis with quantitative diagnosis, like Life Cycle Analysis of the products and Material Flow Analysis of the factory, to diagnose a complete picture of an industrial SME circularity.
NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING IN REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING AND ITS CHALLENGES FOR REQUIREMENTS MODELLING IN THE ENGINEERING DESIGN DOMAIN
Authors: van Remmen Judith Sophie , Horber Dennis , Lungu Adriana , Chang Fan , van Putten Sebastiaan , Goetz Stefan , Wartzack Sandro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRequirements represent a central element in product development. The large number of requirements inevitably results in an increased susceptibility to errors, an expenditure of time and development costs. The associated problems motivate the application of Artificial Intelligence in the form of Natural Language Processing (NLP). In Requirements Engineering one main task is the classification of requirements which serves as the input in architectural models e.g. in SysML. In mechanical engineering there is still little overview regarding the interface between requirements classification and modelling. This paper provides an overview of the requirement classes and entities used in the literature and analyses their utilisation in modelling. Existing requirements classes usually do not offer the flexibility to be transferred to other domains. However, basic structures can be adopted from those classifications. This enables a clear assignment of existing classes to object classes in modelling. Resulting from the conducted literature study the observed predominant focus of research on the software industry requires an extension of the existing requirement classes and entities to enable further use and transfer to mechanical engineering.
A METHOD TO CAPTURE AND SHARE PRODUCTION REQUIREMENTS SUPPORTING A COLLABORATIVE PRODUCTION PREPARATION PROCESS
Authors: Areth Koroth Rohith , Elgh Fredrik , Lennartsson Martin , Raudberget Dag 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe production preparation process (3P) enables collaboration between design and production engineers during product development but its efficiency is limited by the abundance of documentation of manufacturing constraints and capabilities. Empirical studies showed that use of production requirements can increase the efficiency of 3P, however, the support for production engineers to capture and share production requirements is scarce. A method to support production engineers in identifying, defining, structuring and sharing production requirements and collaborating with design engineers is presented. The method has three major parts - focus areas and requirement categories, a worksheet for production requirements capturing and prioritization, and a workflow for using the worksheet. The method was developed in collaboration with practitioners and contributes to the existing knowledge by providing production engineers with a structured way of working with production requirements. Evaluation of the method in the case company showed its usability when developing product variants and that additional work is needed to support the development of new product families and assembly lines.
OPTIMISATION OF A DESIGN-TO-FABRICATION FRAMEWORK FOR INDIVIDUALISED HOMELESS HOUSING DESIGN IN MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA
Authors: Anam Nadia Haquillah Deviana , Tan Linus 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDigital design tools and technologies offer new opportunities for designers to generate a diverse range of design solutions. Previous research have discussed the multifaceted use of such technologies for 1) rapid visualisations, 2) generating design options, and 3) predicting design solutions. However, such research have focused more on simplifying design for fabrication and less on the integration of individual needs in design processes. This research adopts a human-centric design approach to merge user-to-design and design-to-fabrication processes. Through a scoping review on homelessness, design, and fabrication, we contribute a user-design-fabrication framework devised for the specific and dynamic needs of homeless individuals living in Melbourne, Australia. Our findings suggests that to optimise digital design processes for individuals with specific and dynamic needs, designers need to understand, translate, and embed the social, design, and fabrication complexities of a design problem. Future research should therefore test the real-world application of our user-design-fabrication framework and evaluate the impact of such digital design processes, for the provision of more individualised homeless housing design solutions.
PILOT STUDY UNDERSTANDING STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF FAILURE IN PRODUCT DESIGN
Authors: Lauff Carlye Anne , Friesen Alexis , Menold Jessica 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFailure is part of the design process, and yet there is limited knowledge around how product design students perceive failure in their work. This pilot study aims to understand how a small sample size of undergraduate product design students conceptualize success and failure during specific stages of their design projects. This study uses a two-step data collection and analysis process. First, we collected responses from students on topics related to success and failure in a survey. Second, interviews were conducted with a subset of the survey respondents where these emergent topics were discussed and refined. In analyzing the responses, the research team used the Double Diamond Design process framework to organize what factors students deemed a success or failure within each stage. In summary, our preliminary findings indicate that determining success or failure is driven by the connection to the problem statement regardless of the stage; that student designers refer to failure as a spectrum but then in their examples showcase a binary view on the topic; and that examples of failure are often the opposite of success, reinforcing the notion of binary success vs. failure during student design projects.