bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whaling, Seal Hunting and the Effect of Fisheries on Marine Mammals
Authors: Koss Mikołaj , Stjernstedt Martin , Pawliczka Iwona , Reckendorf Anja , Siebert Ursula 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThere are various types of interactions between marine mammals and fisheries, and their presence in the same area inevitably leads to conflicts. Marine mammals may lose their lives as bycatch, which is the incidental catch of non-target species in fishing gear. On the other hand, some marine mammals specialise in feeding on fish caught in fishing gear, resulting in damaged and reduced catch as well as destroyed fishing gear. There are different methods to reduce bycatch and catch damage, such as reducing fishing efforts, using acoustic deterrent devices, employing temporal and zonal closure of fishing areas and using alternative fishing gear. Here we give an overview of whaling and sealing from historical and present perspectives, with examples for Baltic marine mammals. We present hands-on activities to familiarise students and teachers with investigations of prey remains, such as otoliths (fish ear stones) found in faeces, to learn about marine mammal diet. Additionally, we introduce a whaling role play designed as a debate between interest groups, to better understand whaling from different perspectives.
Plastic Debris and Its Impacts on Marine Mammals
Authors: Kruse Katrin , Knickmeier Katrin , Brennecke Dennis , Unger Bianca , Siebert Ursula 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, global plastic consumption has rapidly increased. Large quantities of plastics enter the environment in various ways, often ending up in the oceans. Plastic debris is nowadays found in any aquatic ecosystems. Due to its long durability, plastics may drift around with ocean currents for decades. Nowadays, plastic debris can be found in any aquatic ecosystem. Eventually, plastics decay into smaller fragments and sink to the seafloor. Marine mammals are affected by plastics in three major ways: They confuse large pieces of plastics with food, they become entangled in fishing nets, and they ingest smaller plastic fragments together with prey items. Here we discuss causes and solutions to these problems. We use exercises to investigate plastic debris in the environment and discuss how we all can become part of the solution through our own actions.
Science, Photography, and Objectivity? Exploring Nineteenth-Century Visual Cultures through the HMS Challenger Expedition (1872–1876)
Authors: Hood Stephanie L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPreparing to set off from England in 1872 on an oceanographic expedition around the globe, the officers and crew of HMSChallengergathered on board the ship for a photographic portrait. It was one of the first photographs of crew on a scientific voyage of exploration ever taken. Over eight hundred photographs were taken or acquired on theChallengerin addition to drawings and paintings. This chapter uses these photographs to reexamine Daston and Galison’s theory that photography was successful in nineteenth-century science on account of its perceived “objectivity” as an epistemic ideal. The chapter first outlines the history and historiography of photography and of theChallengerexpedition, proceeding to outline photographic practices on the voyage, and evaluating the photographs’ place within longer aesthetic traditions. It then examines theChallengerphotographs’ circulation and use in its official scientific report,and in wider scientific contexts. The chapter finally analyzes the photographs’ personal, and then broader public, economic, and political circulation and uses. It concludes by arguing that drawing and painting were the preferred scientific visual strategies on theChallenger, indicating that photography was not preferred on account of its perceived “objectivity” for science. Instead, photographs afforded other benefits such as speed of capture, replicability, and adaptability—for economic, social, and political use as well as scientific. Photography was therefore an effective visual strategy not on account of its perceived scientific “objectivity” but due to itsflexibility, which corresponded to the expedition’s scientific aims as well as its broader economic, social, and political context.
Patient Work before World War I
Authors: Freebody Jane 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFreebody situates the origin of using work as a medical therapy in moral treatment, which emerged during the early nineteenth century. Work was incorporated as an integral part of moral treatment, which provided the medical and managerial framework for the asylums of England and France. Work was believed to help patients develop self-control and boost their self-esteem. As faith in the efficacy of moral treatment waned in the second half of the nineteenth century, the nature of patient work changed. From work programmes designed to suit the needs of individual patients, work became routinised and bureaucratised. While still percieved as beneficial for the mentally disordered, the financial value of patient work to institutions could outweigh its therapeutic value for patients, as the French psychiatrist Auguste Marie emphasised in 1905. Freebody demonstrates how the evolution of patient work highlights changing medical perceptions of mental disorder as well as prevailing socio-economic conditions.
New Approaches to Patient Work and Occupation
Authors: Freebody Jane 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFreebody demonstrates how new theories regarding the therapeutic use of occupation, developed during the early twentieth century in Germany and the USA, were received very differently by French and English psychiatrists, highlighting the disparity in their respective interpretations of mental disorder. In England, where psychiatrists had come to regard mental disorder holistically after World War I, the new approaches were adopted as curative treatments. French psychiatrists, the majority of whom maintained their belief in the physiological nature of mental disorder, largely ignored the new theories. In England, occupational therapy (either in the form of arts and crafts or of carefully allocated and supervised work around the hospital) became the hallmark of a modern hospital. In France, patient work remained much as it had done before World War I, with the exception of the Henri Rousselle Hospital in Paris.
Feeling-Into the Civic Body: Affect, Emotions and Moods
Authors: Bakir Vian , McStay Andrew 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter accounts for the energising role of affect, emotions and moods in circulating false information throughout thecivic body. It starts by charting the trajectory of the role of feelings in understanding citizen-political communications. Their persuasive importance was recognised millennia ago and have been recognised anew in recent decades with the advent of neuroscience and the understanding that emotions are important for decisions and judgements. The chapter highlights three main mechanisms through which governments can try to manage public feeling and hence behaviour: discursive, decision-making based and datafied. It then considers the prevalent claim that we live in a post-truth condition (where appeals to emotion and personal belief are more influential in shaping public opinion than objective facts). While the relative importance of emotion and facts in everyday life is difficult to ascertain, the chapter demonstrates that the media from which people would normally derive their facts (namely, news media and social media) have become more emotionalised and affective, and suggests that we live in an informational environment that is sub-optimal for a healthycivic body. Finally, the chapter examines the challenges faced by governments in managing their population’s feelings during the COVID-19 pandemic where uncertainty, anxiety and false information proliferate.
Introduction
Authors: Sutterlütti Simon , Meretz Stefan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the twentieth century traditional alternative to capitalism—socialism—suffered a catastrophic defeat. However, although emancipatory movements developed many new practices to tackle domination, injustice and exploitation, they have not found a new societal alternative and therefore struggle to develop a consistent approach to make capitalism history. From a bird’s eye view, many movements try to reform capitalism, revive traditional socialist ideas or remain vague about an alternative. To investigate an alternative to capitalismandreal socialism, this chapter begins with a critic of capitalism and state socialism. With Marx and other critical theorists, the authors develop capitalism as an exchange- and market-based society. Capitalism produces a logic of exploitation, destruction and exclusion that even left-wing, ecologically oriented governments can only marginally limit, because the state has only a relative autonomy vis-à-vis the dominant economy. But state socialism is no real alternative either, because—like the market economy—it is based on wage labour and money and thus acts much more like an inefficient, more egalitarian, authoritarian brother, subject to many similar logics and defects.
Categorical Utopia Theory
Authors: Sutterlütti Simon , Meretz Stefan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOften utopias are dreams with little theoretical basis or are banned as abstract “complete other”, that cannot be thought of today. Categorical utopia is a method for discussing and examining non-existent socio-economic systems. It is based on a thorough critic of existing society and develops an alternative based on explicit considerations about human beings and society. Categorical utopias lay out their theoretical basis so that both their foundations and their developed socio-economic system can be discussed scientifically. Therefore, it can be possible to turn utopias into science. At the end of the chapter, some limits and dangers of utopia are discussed.
1948–1974: Community Nursing Services as a Local Government Service
Authors: Bramwell Donna , Checkland Kath , Shields Jolanta , Allen Pauline 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTaking the first era from the inception of the NHS through to 1974, this chapter documents the establishment of the service as a home nursing service. Known as the ‘tripartite era’ because of the way provision of health services were divided between three types of bodies—Local Authorities (LA), Executive Councils of the Ministry of Health and Hospital Boards—this era would see a split enshrined between LA-provided community nursing services and medical services provided by the others. This split has been a feature of the NHS ever since, despite successive unifying re-organisations of the health service, and has come to define the way community nursing is perceived by policy apparent in this review. In line with the format of the chapters, we start to look at the role and function of district nurses (DNs) and begin to see how the role was focused on home care for the sick, management of infectious diseases and supporting doctors. We also begin to examine how DNs were managed and paid for and identify the enduring tensions in how they are organised—either geographically or attached to GP practices. We conclude this chapter with a brief paragraph summing up that for this era the role of district nurse services, despite becoming a national requirement, is rarely fully set out in policy. In other words, the district nursing service was largely invisible in policy terms.
2015–Date: Focus on Integration
Authors: Bramwell Donna , Checkland Kath , Shields Jolanta , Allen Pauline 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter centres on the publishing of the NHS Long Term Plan in 2019 and subsequent revised Health and Social Care Act (2022), both of which focus on integrated, out-of-hospital approaches to health service delivery. The creation of a layered system across geographical levels is advocated, with nested levels of ‘place’ and ‘neighbourhood’ intended to be the building blocks of Integrated Care Systems (ICS), which replaced CCGs in July 2022. We introduce the concept of newly created, ‘neighbourhood level’, Primary Care Networks (PCNs) of general practices and how district nurses fit into them, especially with regard to their organisation around geographical versus GP registered lists. Whilst not explicitly mentioned in the H&SC Act, it is clear that the Act situates community-based services as essential in the context of the desire to reduce the amount of hospital care, which has implications for district nursing services in particular. This mode of care delivery will require multi-disciplinary team working across all levels of the new system whereby community nurses will be required to liaise and co-ordinate with primary and social care to deliver services. Continuance of case management approaches for patients with complex needs and lack of funding in the social care system, means that we discuss in this chapter, the further strain on already pressured community nursing teams.
Expectations
Authors: Broch Trygve B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHow does the ponytail maneuver gendered expectations? Although in the introduction I distinguish cultural sociology from critical theory and the cultural studies tradition, which reveal foremost the reproduction of social inequalities and hierarchies, there is no denying that the ponytail is gendered. This chapter explores ponytailed agency within the plausible limits of culture. I stress the ways that women may use ponytails to meet a multitude of expectations, and I argue that codes of fashion and customs permit women (and men) to wear this hairstyle to display gendered expectations in amplified and sober ways. This dynamic process generates a half-life of the ponytail in which its many forms and imitations are manifest in diverse situations that intensify and condense customs to make fashion and to recreate customs. What directs the ponytail’s performativity are the codes that define the ways we meet fashion and customs: as commercial ploys or with altruistic intentions, as normal or deviant in diverse situations. Ponytailed women, in style or simply by habit, can fight for democracy or represent commercial interests, and media critics ensure we see this wealth of prospective role models: some standing on the barricades and some imitating neoliberal and patriarchal ideals.
Unsupervised Factor Extraction from Pretrial Detention Decisions by Italian and Brazilian Supreme Courts
Authors: Sabo Isabela Cristina , Billi Marco , Lagioia Francesca , Sartor Giovanni , Rover Aires José 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPretrial detention is a debated and controversial measure since it is an exception to the principle of the presumption of innocence. To determine whether and to what extent legal systems make excessive use of pretrial detention, an empirical analysis of judicial practice is needed. The paper presents some preliminary results of experimental research aimed at identifying the relevant factors on the basis of which Italian and Brazilian Supreme Courts impose the measure. To analyze and extract the relevant predictive-features, we rely on unsupervised learning approaches, in particular association and clustering methods. As a result, we found common factors between the two legal systems in terms of crime, location, grounds for appeal, and judge’s reasoning.
Prüfung und Reklamation
Authors: Klingner Stephan , Miller Mihail , Schumacher Frank , Thomas Patrick , Becker Michael 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungNach Erhalt der Tantiemenzahlungen und den zugehörigen Abrechnungen, in welchem Datenformat auch immer, gilt es aufseiten des Verlages darauf basierende Geschäftsprozesse durchzuführen. Dazu gehört die Zuordnung der Tantiemen zu Rechteinhaber*innen, Erstellung entsprechender Abrechnungen sowie Durchführung der Zahlungen.
Arbeiten mit den EDI-Formaten der CISAC
Authors: Klingner Stephan , Miller Mihail , Schumacher Frank , Thomas Patrick , Becker Michael 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungNeben den kreativen Teilen der Wertschöpfungskette in der Musikindustrie geht die Digitalisierung auch an den verwaltungstechnischen Prozessschritten nicht spurlos vorüber. Spannungspunkte entstehen dabei zumeist dort, wo Ambitionen, Innovationen und neue Marktakteure auf etablierte, vorgeprägte und wenig dynamische Strukturen der Musikindustrie treffen. Beispielhaft sei hier das Ende der Aktivitäten zur Global Repertoire Database 2014 genannt – ein aus technischer Sicht wertvoller Baustein zur Erreichung von Transparenz, Rechtssicherheit und Effizienz in der Musikwirtschaft, bei dem die Kosten für die Implementierung jedoch zu hoch waren.
Quo Vadis Musikindustrie – Verlage und Verwertungsgesellschaften und der Trend der Digitalisierung
Authors: Klingner Stephan , Miller Mihail , Schumacher Frank , Thomas Patrick , Becker Michael 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungVerlage und Verwertungsgesellschaften stellen einen wichtigen, oftmals in ihrer Rolle und Relevanz in der Gesellschaft wahrgenommenen Teil der Musikindustrie dar. Lange Zeit agierten Verlage und Verwertungsgesellschaften in einem vergleichsweise statischen Gefüge. Digitalisierung und die daraus beschleunigte Internationalisierung, rechtliche Entwicklungen sowie neue Marktakteur*innen haben nun Spielräume, Wettbewerb und damit die Marktdynamik deutlich erhöht.
Introduction
Authors: Greiner-Petter André 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis thesis addresses the issue of translating mathematical expressions from LATEX to the syntax of Computer Algebra Systems (CAS), which is typically a time-consuming and error-prone task in the modern life of many researchers. A reliable and comprehensive translation approach requires analyzing the textual context of mathematical formulae. In turn, research advances in translating LATEX contribute directly towards related tasks in the Mathematical Information Retrieval (MathIR) arena.
Mathematical Information Retrieval
Authors: Greiner-Petter André 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMaking presentational math computable implies a transformation from one mathematical representation to another. In order to frame this task, we need to introduce presentational and computable formats, and analyze available transformation tools between these formats. There is a large variety of different formats available to encode mathematical expressions, from visual formats, such as LATEX [220] or MathML [60], to semantic enhanced encodings, such as content MathML [270], semantic LATEX [260], STEX [200], or OpenMath [19], and entire programming languages, such as CAS syntaxes [36, 128, 173, 175, 176, 177, 178, 393], theorem provers [37, 266, 287, 340, 354, 384], or mathematical packages in C++ [168], Python [252] or Java [79]. This chapter introduces what we understand as presentational and computable formats, provides an overview of math formats, and discusses existing transformation tools between these formats.
Research Trends in Open, Distance, and Digital Education
Authors: Zawacki-Richter Olaf , Bozkurt Aras 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter sets out to explore the research field of open, distance, and digital education (ODDE) building upon the 3 M-Framework developed in the context of distance education along three broad lines of research: ODDE systems and theories (global macro-level); management, organization, and technology (institutional meso-level); and teaching and learning in ODDE (individual micro-level). Based on various bibliographic analyses, the flow of research areas and trends is described. The COVID-19 pandemic is discussed as a turning point that already has a huge impact on research and practice of the entire field of ODDE. According to thematic similarities and dissimilarities in the academic fields of educational technology (EdTech), distance education (DE), and instructional design (ID), four clusters of academic journals are identified with different thematic foci in various educational contexts. This information can be used to guide researchers to choose an appropriate journal in which to submit their work.
Open Schools in Developing Countries
Authors: Jha Jyotsna , Ghatak Neha 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines the reach and experiences of virtual and Open and Distance Learning (ODL)-based education in the context of developing countries with high socioeconomic inequalities and highly uneven access to literacy and technology, through a study of the ODL experience in India. Using the perspective of inclusiveness, the chapter first examines the available evidence related to the virtual schooling experiences during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic made virtual schooling suddenly a reality in the entire country, as has been the case in most parts of the globe. It then moves to analyze the available evidence with regards to the existing ODL-based system in India, which also happens to be one of the largest in terms of the numbers covered through this mode in the world. Based on these analyses, the chapter identified three kinds of thresholds: access related, learning related and systems related, to outline the prerequisites for the success of virtual or open schooling, especially from the perspective of those who belong to educationally disadvantages groups or locations and face marginalization of some kind. While arguing for making the ODL-based education far more inclusive and responsive to specific disadvantages, the chapter recognizes the need for the mainstream regular school system to become more flexible and open by learning form the ODL-based education system. Finally, the chapter argues for the need for adopting a proactive and layered learner support approach in order to ensure that virtual teaching actually leads to meaningful learning.
Leading in Changing Times
Authors: Brown Mark 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter reflects on the challenges and opportunities of leading educational change in today’s digitally connected world. It offers personal insights and critical reflections on learning leadership framed by a wide-angle, multifocal lens that helps zoom in and out to visualize preferred futures. Before outlining a collection of leadership touchstones and critical questions for guiding institutional transformation and then reporting their application in the practice of digital education, the chapter begins by illustrating how the new learning ecology is complex and entangled in competing images of the future. Efforts by educational leaders to build agile and sustainable transformative organizational cultures need to be guided by a clear sense of direction and anchored in a living institutional mission. The role of the National Institute for Digital Learning (NIDL) hosted at Dublin City University (DCU) in Ireland is central to this story, as harnessing the transformative potential of new digital technology is at the heart of its change agenda. After briefly introducing DCU, the chapter reports how the NIDL’s commitment to leadership development and active engagement in global networks are helping to reshape the higher education landscape with a critical digital edge. However, forging a future-focused mission based on multifocal criticality and transformative leadership is not something for the faint-hearted; it requires agency, relational capital, and strategic foresight to move from digital in part to digital at the heart of your organizational culture.