bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle fibre transition and transcriptional changes of horse skeletal muscles during traditional Mongolian endurance training
Authors: Bou Tugeqin , Ding Wenqi , Ren Xiujuan , Liu Huiying , Gong Wendian , Jia Zijie , Zhang Xinzhuang , Dugarjaviin Manglai , Bai Dongyi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundTraditional Mongolian endurance training is an effective way to improve the athletic ability of the horse for endurance events and is widely used. This incorporates aerobic exercise and intermittent fasting and these altered physiologic conditions are associated with switches between muscle fibre types.ObjectivesTo better understand the adaption of horse skeletal muscle to traditional Mongolian endurance training from muscle fibre characteristics and transcriptional levels and to explore possible molecular mechanisms associated with the endurance performance of horses.Study designBefore‐after study.MethodsMuscle fibre type switches and muscle transcriptome changes in six Mongolian horses were assessed during 4 weeks of training. Transcriptomic and histochemical analyses were performed. The activities of oxidative and glycolytic metabolic enzymes were analysed and we generated deep RNA‐sequencing data relating to skeletal muscles.ResultsA fast‐to‐slow muscle fibre transition occurred in horse skeletal muscles, with a concomitant increase of oxidative enzyme activity and decreased glycolytic enzyme activity. Numerous differentially expressed genes were involved in the control of muscle protein balance and degradation. Differential alternative splicing events were also found during training which included exon‐skipping events in Ttn that were associated with muscle atrophy. Differentially expressed noncoding RNAs showed connections with muscle protein balance‐related pathways and fibre type specification via the post‐transcriptional regulation of miRNA.Main limitationsThe study focuses on horse athletic ability only from the aspect of muscular adaptation.ConclusionTraditional Mongolian endurance training‐induced muscle fibre transition and metabolic and transcriptional changes. Muscle‐specific non‐coding RNAs could contribute to these transcriptomic changes during training.
“Working women demand peace and food”: Gender and class in the East London Federation of Suffragettes' food politics
Authors: Swan Elaine , Psarikidou Katerina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this article, we foreground how gender, class and feminism underpin the aims and modes of mobilization of the food politics of a British first wave suffragette organization, the East London Federation of Suffragettes. Our discussion shows how upper and middle‐class suffragettes excluded working‐class women and marginalized their political gendered classed interests, raising questions about feminist cross‐class solidarities today. We focus on three of East London Federation of the Suffragettes quite different modes of mobilization: embodied protests, radical welfare community organizing and food protest writing, all of which foreground class politics. In discussing three quite distinct modes of mobilization, we highlight the rich package of strategies they created and the different classed identities and struggles in these. We show the diversity of gendered and classed social roles around which the women politicked, as workers, mothers, housewives and consumers. The historical focus enables us to “see” the activities and identifications over time to understand and map their range and dynamics. Moreover, suffragette politics have a “longtail” and continue to influence feminist politics and thinking, but the working‐class mobilizing and food politics have been much less recognized and yet offer potential insights for feminist activism, including the cost‐of‐living crisis today.
Investigation into the factor structure of a local English placement test of oral communication
Authors: Choi YunDeok , Vo Sonca , Ockey Gary J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study describes the development process and examines the construct validity of an English placement test of oral communication (EPT OC) developed at a Midwestern university in the United States. This test includes a one‐on‐one oral interview and paired discussion task, and test performance is judged on an analytic rating scale. A confirmatory factor analysis conducted on the ratings of 338 students who took the initial fully operational EPT OC revealed the test structure was represented by a correlated four‐factor model with interactional competence, fluency, pronunciation/comprehensibility, and grammar/vocabulary as sub‐constructs, in line with its targeted theoretical framework. Both tasks were effective in measuring the targeted sub‐constructs, but the sub‐constructs were not sufficiently distinct from each other to completely justify a four‐factor model. The findings provide some support for the proposed interpretations of the EPT OC test scores but indicate the need for some modifications to the assessment, such as more thorough rater training and/or revised rating scales to better distinguish the targeted sub‐constructs.
Comprehensive analysis of the relationship between peptide profiles and microbial diversity in the Chinese Jiang‐Flavour Daqu
Authors: Yu Yang , Chen Liangqiang , Yu Wenhao , Hu Yang , Lu Jianjun , Yang Fan , Wang Li , Jin Yan 
Published: June 2023

SummaryJiang‐Flavour Daqu (JFDQ) is a type of grain‐based fermentation starter used in Chinese liquor production. This study aimed to monitor the practical production of JFDQ and improve brewing techniques by analysing the microbial diversity and peptide profiles in JFDQ with different colours (WDQ, YDQ and BDQ) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and peptidomics technology. A total of 110 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified, with BDQ containing the most (98). Bacillus was predominant in WDQ (77.5%) and YDQ (82.3%) but decreased sharply in BDQ (29.0%). Most peptides were identified in WDQ (406), followed by YDQ (282) and BDQ (90). The content of peptides increased (7.16–9.13 g/100 g) from WDQ, YDQ to BDQ, whereas the number of peptides decreased (406–90). This phenomenon may result from a synergistic effect of the microbes in generating and consuming peptides as exogenous nitrogen sources. Additionally, six novel antimicrobial peptides were found against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, indicating an antagonistic relationship between antimicrobial peptides and microbes in JFDQ. This study provides a credible direction for investigating the interaction between microbes and peptides in JFDQ, which could guide the practical production more scientifically.
Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab and axitinib as first‐line treatment for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: Real‐world experience in Japan
Authors: Harada Ken‐ichi , Sato Ryo , Bando Yukari , Sano Asuka , Matsushita Yuto , Tamura Keita , Terakawa Tomoaki , Furukawa Junya , Fujimoto Naohiro , Fujisawa Masato , Miyake Hideaki 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess the clinical outcomes following combined treatment with pembrolizumab and axitinib as first‐line therapy for patients with advanced RCC.MethodsThis study retrospectively included 47 consecutive Japanese patients who were diagnosed with advanced RCC and subsequently received pembrolizumab and axitinib between February 2020 and January 2022. Efficacy and safety of this combined therapy in these patients were comprehensively investigated.ResultsThe 47 included patients were classified into the following 3 groups by the IMDC system: favorable, 7 (14.9%); intermediate, 24 (51.1%) and poor, 16 (34.0%). Responses to this combined therapy in the 47 patients were as follows: CR, 8 (17.0%); PR, 20 (42.6%); SD, 16 (34.0%) and PD, 3 (6.4%); thus, the ORR was 59.6%. During the observation period, disease progression and death occurred in 19 (40.4%) and 9 (19.1%) patients, respectively, and the median PFS and OS were 18 months and not reached, respectively. Univariate analyses identified the following significant predictors for poor prognostic outcomes: lack of nephrectomy, liver metastasis, bone metastasis, elevated CRP and IMDC poor risk for PFS; and lack of nephrectomy, non‐CCC and elevated CRP for OS. AEs and those corresponding to grade ≥ 3 occurred in all (100%) and 30 (63.8%) patients, respectively.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study focusing on real‐world outcomes following pembrolizumab and axitinib for treatment‐naïve advanced Japanese RCC patients, which showed the efficacy and safety of this combined therapy being similar or even superior to those in clinical trial.
Trabajo penitenciario, sistemas de preferencias aduaneras y trabajo decente: análisis crítico y perspectivas
Authors: SITZIA Andrea , LOPEZ Benoît 
Published: June 2023

ResumenAunque el trabajo penitenciario se percibe ante todo como una práctica de competencia desleal inadmisible en los sistemas de preferencias aduaneras, también puede concebirse de otra manera. En particular, cabe preguntarse qué condiciones ha de cumplir para ser un trabajo decente y un instrumento de reinserción. Tras un minucioso análisis jurídico, en el que se comparan las normas pertinentes de la OIT con la normativa aduanera de la UE y la OMC en el marco de la teoría de las capacidades, se aboga por elaborar un conjunto de normas del trabajo penitenciario que se inscriben en diversas ramas del derecho.
Predicting length of stay for acute medical admissions in New Zealand: the MALICE score
Authors: O'Hagan Lomani A. , Sutedja Theodore , Konan Sai , Hayes Thomas , Khan Orooj , Leung Edmund , Jurawan Ricardo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPredicting length of stay (LoS) in hospital can help guide patient placement, facilitate rapid discharge and aid identification of patients at risk of prolonged stay, in whom early multidisciplinary intervention is warranted. We aimed to pilot the applicability of a modified decision aid (MALICE score) for predicting LoS for acute medical admissions at a New Zealand hospital. A prospective pilot study of 220 acute general medical admissions was performed. Clinical records were reviewed and MALICE scores were calculated for each patient and compared with LoS data using the Kruskal–Wallis H test. A statistically significant increase in LoS was seen with rising MALICE scores (H value 26.85, P < 0.001). MALICE scoring could be employed to guide patient placement and identify patients at risk of prolonged stays, though further study of bedside feasibility and applicability is required.
Ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics study of diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy
Authors: Xu Jiahui , Chen Qingguang , Cai Mengjie , Han Xu , Lu Hao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAims/IntroductionDistal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the underlining mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. The current study was designed to screen the feature metabolites classified as potential biomarkers, and to provide deeper insights into the underlying distinctive metabolic changes during disease progression.Materials and MethodsPlasma metabolite profiles were obtained by the ultra‐high liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry method from healthy control participants, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and patients with DSPN. Potential biomarkers were selected through comprehensive analysis of statistically significant differences between groups.ResultsOverall, 938 metabolites were identified. Among them, 12 metabolites (dimethylarginine, N6‐acetyllysine, N‐acetylhistidine, N,N,N‐trimethyl‐alanylproline betaine, cysteine, 7‐methylguanine, N6‐carbamoylthreonyladenosine, pseudouridine, 5‐methylthioadenosine, N2,N2‐dimethylguanosine, aconitate and C‐glycosyl tryptophan) were identified as the specific biomarkers. The content of 12 metabolites were significantly higher in the DSPN group compared with the other two groups. Additionally, they showed good performance to discriminate the DSPN state. Correlation analyses showed that the levels of 12 metabolites might be more closely related to the glucose metabolic changes, followed by the levels of lipid metabolism.ConclusionsThe finding of the 12 signature metabolites might provide a novel perspective for the pathogenesis of DSPN. Future studies are required to test this observation further.
The effect of judges' gender on decisions regarding intimate‐partner violence
Authors: Vallbé Joan Josep , Ramírez‐Folch Carmen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article aims at disentangling the effect of judges' gender, experience, and caseload in the assignment of restraining orders in IPV cases. Previous literature has independently looked at the effect of gender on judicial decisions and found that it becomes relevant in gender‐related cases. However, we find that such effects are better understood in interaction with other contextual factors such as the experience of judges and the amount of work they face, because these determine the levels of uncertainty and information costs surrounding decisions. For our empirical analysis, we use data from on‐duty pretrial court decisions on restraining orders in Spain between 2010 and 2018. We find conditional effects of gender depending on experience and workload: more experienced female judges are more likely to grant protection orders than their male counterparts when the amount of caseload is high. These findings are relevant to understand the mechanisms behind judicial inequality under civil law systems, where judges' attributes tend to be unobservable by institutional design.
Gender differences on effects of forearm rotation on compressive stiffness of flexor carpi ulnaris during submaximal handgrip contractions
Authors: Cruz‐Montecinos Carlos , Antúnez‐Riveros Marcela Andrea , Tapia Claudio , Díaz Fernando , Paulsen‐Donoso Tomás , Zunino‐Gomez Jose Pablo , Núñez‐Cortés Rodrigo , Andersen Lars Louis , Mendez‐Rebolledo Guillermo , Calatayud Joaquín 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLittle is known about gender differences in stiffness of forearm muscles during voluntary actions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of forearm rotation on flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) stiffness in men and women during submaximal handgrip contractions. During a single session, measurements were made on 20 young participants (9 females). Two positions of the forearm were compared in random order with the elbow flexed 90 degrees: (i) neutral position and (ii) maximal supination. In each position, participants performed two submaximal handgrip contractions at 25% and 50% of maximal voluntary contraction, while compressive stiffness was collected using a hand myometer (MyotonPRO). A mixed repeated measurement ANOVA was applied to assess the interaction between gender, forearm position, and contraction intensity. The FCU stiffness is affected by handgrip contraction intensity (p < 0.001), gender (p < 0.001), BMI (p = 0.009), and forearm rotation (p = 0.007). Only the gender factor was found to have significant interaction with forearm rotation (p = 0.037). Men's FCU was stiffer than women's in both positions and contraction intensities (p < 0.05). Only in men a significant increase in FCU stiffness was observed when comparing contraction intensities at both forearm positions (p < 0.05), as well as when the forearm was rotated from neutral to supine at both intensities (p < 0.05). In conclusion, FCU stiffness during handgrip contraction differed significantly between men and women. Women have fewer stiffness changes in FCU when performing different levels of handgrip contraction. We also observed that only men increased FCU stiffness by changing the forearm position from neutral to supine position for both handgrip intensities.
Striving for a safe ground—A lifeworld approach of family members' experiences of the critical illness trajectory
Authors: Flinterud Stine Irene , Moi Asgjerd Litleré , Gjengedal Eva , Ellingsen Sidsel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo explore the experiences of family members after they have lived through a close one's illness trajectory starting with critical illness and intensive care treatment, throughout hospitalisation and after their return home, and describe what was important and challenging for them during this time.BackgroundBeing family during and after critical illness and intensive care treatment may be traumatic and challenging. An in‐depth understanding of family members’ lifeworld throughout a close one's illness trajectory is needed.DesignA qualitative design with a phenomenological approach.MethodsWe held ten interviews with eleven next of kin, nine of which were individual and one with a parent couple. The interviews lasted 90 minutes, on average, and were transcribed verbatim. Giorgi's phenomenological method guided the analysis.ResultsThe overall structure was ‘striving for a safe ground for themselves and their close one’, which was dependent on the three constituents of ‘in need of care’, ‘to take on responsibility’ and ‘to create new understanding’. Throughout the illness trajectory, the family members required care to increase their feelings of safety in the context of their close one being unsafe. They described taking on responsibility for their close one—a responsibility that increased after hospital discharge—as demanding new knowledge which they were often unable to obtain.ConclusionsFamilies of critically ill patients need to be seen on their own behalf. Moreover, when taking on responsibility for their close one, they regularly need more knowledge than they get. There seems to be an absence of a support system for families with caring responsibilities after their relatives are discharged from hospitals.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study shows the importance of family carers being considered in their own right, as well as their individual needs throughout a close one's illness trajectory. There seems to be a gap in the knowledge of what family members require when their close one is discharged. Indeed, a better support system is essential for families following a hospital discharge.
Association between glomerular filtration rate and plasma N‐terminal pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide concentration in dogs
Authors: Ogawa M. , Nohara H. , Hsu H. h. , Ishizaka M. , Miyagawa Y. , Takemura N. 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between plasma N‐terminal pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide concentration and glomerular filtration rate in dogs.Materials and MethodsDogs were classified into four categories by bodyweight. Dogs were divided into four groups (Groups 1 to 4) based on glomerular filtration rate estimates using plasma iohexol clearance per bodyweight category. Generalised linear models were built to explore the relationship between plasma N‐terminal pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide concentration and glomerular filtration rate and the effect of confounders on plasma N‐terminal pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide concentration.ResultsFifty‐three dogs were included (Group 1, 25; Group 2, seven; Group 3, five; and Group 4, 16). The medians (interquartile range) N‐terminal pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations for Groups 1 to 4 were 7224 pg/mL (4766 to 10,254 mg/dL), 8958 pg/mL (4935 to 11,271 mg/dL), 9280 pg/mL (9195 to 10,384 mg/dL) and 12,683 pg/mL (9133 to 19,217 mg/dL), respectively. Group 4, estimated to have the highest reduction in glomerular filtration rate, had a higher plasma N‐terminal pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide concentration than Groups 1 to 3. Based on the final generalised linear model, influencing factors for plasma N‐terminal pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide concentration were plasma iohexol clearance (−0.136; 95% confidence interval, −0.227 to −0.046) and bodyweight (−0.058; 95% confidence interval, −0.098 to −0.018).Clinical SignificanceN‐terminal pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide concentration is associated with the glomerular filtration rate.
Metal microspherules in breccias of the Onaping Formation, Sudbury impact structure, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Gurov Yevgeniy P. , Permiakov Vitaliy V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMetallic microspheres have been found in rocks from the Onaping Formation of the Sudbury impact structure, Canada. Microspherules are common in contact breccias, the lowest part of the Dowling Member, and rare microspherules have been found in the upper sequences of the Dowling Member. Separate microspherules are dispersed in the breccia matrix and do not form clusters. The sizes of the microspheres range from 5 to 30 μm; most commonly, they are 8–15 μm in size. The microspherules have a regular spherical shape, and in some cases show concentric zonal structures. The microspherules consist mostly of the refractory elements Cr, Co, Fe, Mo, W, and Ti, with a predominant Ni content of 40–75 wt%. The formation of the Sudbury metal microspherules by condensation in a high‐temperature plume is suggested by their spherical shape, concentric‐zoned structure, uniform composition, and distribution in fallback breccias of the crater‐fill Onaping Formation. The content of the most refractory W in the composition of the microspheres indicates early condensation. A decrease in the content of W and an increase in the content of Ni in the microspheres of the upper layers relative to the content of these elements in the earliest microspheres of the contact layers indicate that they could have formed by fractional condensation during the expansion and cooling of the impact vapor plume. As source material, a combination of target rocks with high nickel content with a chondritic impactor is suggested.
Trends in ventricular fibrillation/flutter mortality in US population, 1999 to 2019
Authors: Zuin Marco , Rigatelli Gianluca , Bilato Claudio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Ventricular fibrillation and flutter (VF/VFL)‐related mortality trends in the United States (US) population have not yet been investigated. We aimed to assess the trends of VT/VFL‐related mortality from 1999 to 2019 among subjects aged more than 15 years old in the US.MethodsData derived from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) WONDER were analyzed between 1999 and 2019 for VF/VFL‐related mortality in subjects aged more than 15 years of age. Adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 people by year, sex, race and urban‐rural status with relative confidence intervals (CIs) were determined. Both the average annual percent change (AAPC) and the annual percent change (APC) with 95% Cis were calculated.ResultsBetween 1999 and 2019, 242,125 VT/VFL‐related deaths occurred in the US. The overall AAMR steadily declined [AAPC −4.4% (95% CI: −4.7 to −4.0, p < .0001)]. Women showed a more pronounced AAMRs decline [AAPC: −4.8% (95% CI: −5.3 to −4.3, p < .0001). AAMR steadily declined in white subjects and in those of other races [AAPC: −4.5 (95% CI: −4.7 to −4.2, p < .0001) and AAPC: −4.3 (95% CI: −5.1 to −3.5, p < .001), respectively]. Conversely, African Americans showed a steadily AMMR decline between 1999 and 2007 [APC: −8.3 (95% CI: −9.2 to −7.3, p < .0001)], followed by a period of stability from 2007 to 2019 (p = .73). A similar decline was observed for the AAMR among subjects living in urban and rural areas.ConclusionsVT/VFL‐related mortality steadily decreased between 1999 and 2019 in US. Despite the encouraging results, further efforts are needed to prevent VF/VFL‐related mortality in US subjects.