bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical comparison and operation on cadaver of a novel atlantoaxial lateral mass cage
Authors: Sun Zeyu , Wang Zhong , Li Bo , Ding Yi , Zhao Weifeng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background To improve clinical efficacy of atlantoaxial instability. We design a novel lateral mass cage and compare the biomechanical differences between Pedicle Screw model and Cage + Pedicle Screw model to demonstrate the practicability of the cage. Methods From computed tomography (CT) images, a nonlinear intact three-dimensional C0-3 finite element model was developed. Then a finite element analysis (FEM) of an unstable model treated with Pedicle Screw model, was compared to that with Cage + Pedical Screw model. All models were subjected to vertical load in flexion, extension, lateral bending, rotation, vertical compression and forward shear. Range of motion (ROM) of C1-C2 segment and maximum von Mises Stress of the rod and screws were quantified in two models. Then, we do a simulation operation on cadaver specimen to evaluate the practicability of the mass cage trough photos and CT scan. Results Both two models significantly reduced ROM compared with the unstable model. In comparison with the Pedicle Screw model, the Cage + Pedicle Screw model reduced the ROM by 24.47%, -7.05%, 3.17% and 4.79% in flexion, extension, lateral bending and rotation. The Cage + Pedicle Screw model showed a significant increase stresses on rod and screw than the Pedicle Screw model in flexion, lateral bending, rotation, vertical compression and forward shear. Through the photos and CT scan, the lateral mass cage can be plated into a accurate place. Conclusion Our study indicated that either pedicle screw or cage + pedicle screw can reduce the ROM of C1-C2, while the cage will enhance the stability of C1-C2 in flexion significantly, meanwhile, decrease the stress on the rod and screws.
Assessing Minimal Detectable Changes and Test-Retest Reliability ofthe Timed Up and Go Test and the 2-Minute Walk Test in Patientswith Unicondylar Knee Replacement
Authors: Karaguven Dogac , Akti Sefa , Akan Burak , Celebi Nilgun Ozgul , Gumus Danyal , Cankaya Deniz 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: The two-minute walk test (2MWT) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test are inexpensive, fast, and reliable tests for the evaluation of mobility in patients. These tests have proven reliable and valid in many patient groups. This study aimed to measure the minimal detectable change (MDC) scores and test-retest reliability of the TUG and 2MWT in patients who underwent unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA).
Methods: Sixty-eight patients (53 men and 15 women) who underwent UKA at the same center were evaluated. Range of motion (ROM) and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scores were also measured. The TUG test and 2MWT were performed twice on the same day with a one-hour interval.
Results: The interclass correlation coefficient values were 0.96 and 0.98 for the TUG test and 2MWT, respectively, which showed perfect test-retest reliability in patients who underwent UKA. The MDC values were 1.28 seconds and 5.55 meters, respectively, while the standard error measures (SEMs) were ±0.46 and ±2.00, respectively.
Conclusion: The TUG test and 2MWT are cheap, reliable, easy, and simple performance-oriented tests with excellent test-retest reliability for patients with a history of UKA. For the TUG test, 1.28 seconds and more caused a real difference, while 5.55 meters was the limit for real difference for the 2MWT. These values should be considered when evaluating patients with a history of UKA.
Long-term findings of rectal endoscopy and rectal bleeding after moderately hypofractionated, intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Bae Bong Kyung , Kim Ji Eun , Pyo Hongryull , Hong Sung Noh , Park Won 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUND: To present rectal endoscopic findings and toxicity after definitive moderately hypofractionated, intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer.
METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent IMRT for prostate cancer and underwent post-radiotherapy endoscopies between 2008 and 2018. Endoscopic findings were reviewed and graded using Vienna Rectoscopy Score (VRS). We have analyzed the association between endoscopic findings and rectal bleeding, and investigated risk factors for rectal bleeding.
RESULTS: Total 162 patients met the inclusion criteria of this study. There was a trend of VRS worsening during the initial 3 years after radiotherapy followed by recovery. Rectal bleeding was highest at 1 year after radiotherapy and improved thereafter. The 5-year cumulative incidence of grade ≥ 2 rectal bleeding was 14.8%. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio [HR] 2.732, P = 0.037), rectal wall V65 (HR 1.158, P = 0.027), and VRS ≥ 3 in first post-radiotherapy endoscopy (HR 2.573, P = 0.031) were significant risk factors for rectal bleeding.
CONCLUSIONS: After IMRT for prostate cancer, VRS and rectal bleeding worsened over 1–3 years after radiotherapy and recovered. Cardiovascular disease, rectal wall V65, and VRS ≥ 3 in first post-radiotherapy endoscopy were significant risk factors for rectal bleeding.
Liver transcriptome analysis reveals the energy regulation and functional impairment of Onychosoma sima during starvation
Authors: Chen Chunna , Zhou Bo , Lin Jue , Gong Quan , Xu Fei , Li Zhengyi , Huang Yingying 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Releasing juvenile fish into the resource-depleted waters, is regarded as an effective way to restore fishery resources. However, during this stage, released fish are most vulnerable to long-term food deprivation due to environmental changes and low adaptability. Therefore, research regarding the energy regulation of fish under starvation stress is crucial to the optimization of release strategies. In this study, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of the liver of Onychosoma sima subjected to starvation for 14 days. The results showed that, under long-term starvation, the liver regulated glucose homeostasis by activating the gluconeogenesis pathway. Meanwhile, the fatty acid metabolism pathway was activated to supply acetyl-coA to the TCA cycle pathway, thus increasing mitochondrial ATP production and maintaining the balance of energy metabolism. Nevertheless, the activation of energy metabolism could not completely compensate for the role of exogenous nutrients, as evidenced by the downregulation of many genes involved in antioxidant defenses (e.g., cat, gpx3, mgst1, and mgst2) and immune response (e.g., c3, cd22, trnfrsf14, and a2ml). The consequence is multiple metabolic disorder, and the body resistance weakened. In summary, our data reveal the effects of long-term starvation on the energy metabolism and defensive regulation of released fish, and these findings will provide a new theoretical basis for the optimization of artificial release.
Two-Holes Reconstruction Plate for Correction of Coronal Plane Deformities of the Knee in Children, Khartoum, 2020
Authors: Elbadri Mohammed Elfatih , Alrasheed Mohammed Khalid , Alssir Mohamed Ahmed , Saeed Ali Awadallah 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Angular deformities of lower limb in Pediatric age group present very commonly to orthopedic and pediatric clinics, and it may be physiological or may be true deformities. [8]
In the past, Osteotomies have been the mainstays of treating deformities even in children. Recently, guided growth techniques become widely used in management of coronal plan angular deformities around the knees. It is a less invasive technique compared to osteotomies. The results are more predictable and the process is reversible. The implants can be removed after the desired correction is achieved. To our knowledge, no such study had been done in Khartoum, Sudan.
Purposes and questions: ''Does guided growth techniques using two hole reconstruction plate for the treatment of coronal plan deformities around the knee decrease joint deformity and growth retardation in children?'', does there is a correlation between the radiological outcomes and the type of deformity, and to identify the post-operative complications.
Methods: This is a cross sectional descriptive hospital based study of 22 patients (30 limbs) gathered and treated during a period from 2018 to 2020 by a single surgeon employing a standardized technique. The inclusion criteria were all patients with coronal plane deformities around the knee with an open physis, regardless of pathological background. Patients with physiological genuvarum or genuvalgum or who had previous or concurrent surgeries for the same problem were excluded from the study. Patient’s age and gender were recorded. Mechanical axis deviation (MAD) distance, tibio‑femoral angle (TFA), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle, and mechanical medial proximal tibia angle were measured from a long standing anteroposterior radiograph, including the hip, knee and ankle joints.
Results: The average age was 7.0±3.5 years, and the mean duration of treatment was 10.4 months, with “sick physis” requiring longer durations. There was significant association between types of deformity was associated, with gender with P value 0.003 which found that, majority of genuvarum deformity found in females and genuvalgum found in males. The mean rate of correction of TFA was 1.4°/month. The MAD distance improved from 34.1±18.0 to 9.8± 6.4.
Conclusion: This study confirms that success rate by guided growth technique using two- hole reconstruction plate in management of coronal plane deformity around the knee is high. Younger patients had better and faster outcomes. The direction of the future research is on continuous follow up for those children for any rebound coronal plane deformity.
A Case Study for Cyber-Attack Detection using Quantum Variational Circuits
Authors: Moll Maximilian , Kunczik Leonhard 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Identification of malicious attacks in network traffic is one of many important Big Data problems that have been approached from different directions, including machine learning. In this paper, it is used as an example for investigating the applicability of quantum machine learning to such problems. Particular focus is kept on the NISQ era, in which available computer sizes are typically fairly small. A new approach is introduced that allows quantum variational circuits to be split between different computers without the typical overhead cost of cutting and knitting techniques. It is compared to classical and established quantum approaches on a real-world data set.
The in vitro Treatment of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Sel Figen Abatay , Erol Ayşe , Süleymanoğlu Mediha , Demirayak Gökhan , Çınar Ciğdem Kekik , Kuruca Dürdane Serap , Oğuz Fatma Savran 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the most common tumor of the gastrointestinal system. The conventional treatment options of colorectal cancer are troublesome for both patients and clinicians. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been the novel focus for cell therapy due to its migration to tumor sites. In this study, the apoptotic effect of MSCs on colorectal cancer cell lines has been aimed. HCT-116 and HT-29 were selected as the colorectal cancer cell lines. Human umbilical cord blood and Wharton’s jelly were used as mesenchymal stem cell sources. To discriminate against the apoptotic effect of MSC on cancer, we also used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as a healthy control group. Cord blood-MSC and PBMC were obtained by ficoll-paque density gradient, and Wharton’s jelly-MSC by explant method. Transwell co-culture systems were used as cancer cells or PBMC/MSCs at ratios of 1/5 and 1/10, incubation times of 24 hours and 72 hours. The Annexin V/PI-FITC based apoptosis assay was performed by flow cytometry. Caspase-3 and HTRA2/Omi proteins were measured by ELISA. For both ratios in both cancer cells, it was found that the apoptotic effect of Wharton’s jelly-MSC was significantly higher in 72-hour incubations (p<0.006), whereas the effect of cord blood mesenchymal stem cell in 24-hour incubations were higher (p<0.007). In this study, we showed that human cord blood and tissue derived MSCs treatment led colorectal cancers to apoptosis. We anticipate that further in vivo studies may shed light on the apoptotic effect of MSC.
PILLAR: ParaspInaL muscLe segmentAtion pRoject - a comprehensive online resource to guide manual segmentation of paraspinal muscles from Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Anstruther Meagan , Rossini Bianca , Zhang Tongwei , Liang Terrance , Xiao Yiming , Fortin Maryse 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background – There is an increasing interest in assessing paraspinal morphology and composition in relation to low back pain (LBP). However, variations in methods and segmentation protocols contribute to the inconsistent findings in the literature. We present an on-line resource, the ParaspInaL muscLe segmentAtion pRoject (PILLAR , https://projectpillar.github.io/), to provide a detailed description and visual guide of a segmentation protocol by using the publicly available ITK-SNAP software and discuss related challenges when performing paraspinal lumbar muscles segmentations from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Methods – T2-weighted and corresponding fat-water IDEAL axial MRI from 3 males and 3 females (2 chronic LBP and 1 control for each sex) were used to demonstrate our segmentation protocol for each lumbar paraspinal muscle (erector spinae, lumbar multifidus, quadratus lumborum and psoas) and lumbar spinal level (L1-L5).
Results – Proper segmentation requires an understanding of the anatomy of paraspinal lumbar muscles and the variations in paraspinal muscle morphology and composition due to age, sex, and the presence of LBP or related spinal pathologies. Other challenges in segmentation includes the presence and variations of intramuscular and epimuscular fat, and side-to-side asymmetry.
Conclusion – The growing interest to assess the lumbar musculature and its role in the development and recurrence of LBP prompted the need for comprehensive and easy-to-follow resources, such as the PILLAR project to reduce inconsistencies in segmentation protocols. Standardizing manual muscle measurements from MRI will facilitate comparisons between studies while the field is progressively moving towards the automatization of paraspinal muscle measurements for large cohort studies.
Neural ODEs in Pharmacokinetics: Concepts and Applications
Authors: Bräm Dominic Stefan , Nahum Uri , Schropp Johannes , Pfister Marc , Koch Gilbert 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Machine Learning (ML) is a fast-evolving field, integrated in many of today’s scientific disciplines. With the recent development of Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODEs), ML provides a new tool to model dynamical systems in the field of pharmacology and pharmacometrics, such as pharmacokinetics (PK) or pharmacodynamics. The novel and conceptionally different approach of NODEs compared to classical PK modeling creates challenges but also provides opportunities for its application. In this manuscript, we introduce the functionality of NODEs and develop specific NODE structures based on PK principles. We discuss two challenges of NODEs, overfitting and extrapolation to unseen data, and we provide practical solutions to these problems. We illustrate concept and application of our proposed NODE approach with several PK modeling examples, including multi-compartmental, target-mediated drug disposition and delayed absorption behavior. In all investigated scenarios, the NODEs were able to describe well the data and simulate data for new subjects within the observed dosing range. Finally, we briefly demonstrate how NODEs can be combined with mechanistic models. This research work enhances understanding of how NODEs can be applied in PK analyses and illustrates the potential for NODEs in the field of pharmacology and pharmacometrics.
Novel Peptide Inhibitor of Human Tumor Necrosis Factor-α has Antiarthritic Activity
Authors: Sahu Debasis , Gupta Charu , Yennamalli Ragothaman M. , Sharma Shikha , Roy Saugata , Hasan Sadaf , Gupta Pawan , Sharma Vishnu Kumar , Kashyap Sujit , Kumar Santosh , Dwivedi Ved Prakash , Panda Amulya Kumar , Das Hasi Rani , Liu Chuan-Ju 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

The inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) trimer formation renders it inactive for binding to its receptors thus mitigating the vicious cycle of inflammation. We designed a peptide (PIYLGGVFQ) that simulates a sequence strand of human TNFα monomer using a series of in silico methods, such as active site finding (Acsite), protein-protein interaction (PPI), docking studies (GOLD and Modeller) followed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies. The MD studies confirmed the intermolecular interaction of the peptide with the TNFα. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and fluorescence microscopy revealed that the peptide effectively inhibited the binding of TNF to the cell surface receptors. The cell culture assays showed that the peptide significantly inhibited the TNFα-mediated cell death. In addition, the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) was significantly suppressed in the peptide-treated A549 cells as observed in immunofluorescence and gelmobility-shift assays. Furthermore, peptide protected against joint damage in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA)mouse model as revealed in the microfocal-CT scans. In conclusion, this TNFα antagonist would be useful for the prevention and repair ofinflammatory bone destruction and subsequent loss in the mouse model of CIA as well as human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. This calls upon further clinical investigation to utilize its potential effect as an anti-arthritic drug.
Contribution of Timescale Patterns to Photoplethysmography-based Blood Pressure Estimation
Authors: Xing Xiaoman , Huang Rui , Jiang Chenyu , Dong Wen-fei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective: Single-site photoplethysmography (PPG)-based blood pressure (BP) estimation has raised a lot of interest due to its compactness and low cost. However, this method relies on PPG morphological features, which are sensitive to noise and measurement conditions. The underlying physiological mechanism was also unclear at this moment. In this study, we propose to add timescale patterns of PPG to improve the BP estimation performance and clarify the underlying mechanism.
Methods: In-silico simulation with a four-element Windkessel model showed that peripheral resistance and vascular compliance variation during a cardiac cycle correlated with PPG’s long- and short-term self-similarity, which significantly correlated with BP. A publicly available dataset was used to validate the simulation predictions using mutual information analysis and regression performance assessment.
Results: The hemodynamic property of the cardiovascular system determines how fast PPG responds to a stimulus. High vascular compliance or peripheral resistance leads to prolonged and overlapped responses, which could be described by timescale patterns. Adding these patterns significantly increased the PPG-BP mutual information and improved the BP estimation performance. Compared to algorithms with morphological and biometric features, the mean absolute error (MAE) of calibrated systolic BP (SBP) reduced from 5.37mmHg to 4.51mmHg, while the MAE of calibration-free diastolic BP (DBP) reduced from 3.46mmHg to 2.81mmHg. The median intra-subject correlation between SBP/DBP estimation and ground truth increased from 0.63/0.34 to 0.80/0.68, which means the intrinsic BP fluctuation was better captured. Conclusion: Timescale patterns were vital to single-site PPG-based BP estimation. Understanding its physiological implication may help us design algorithms with clear interpretability and simplified structures.
Study on the Influence Mechanism of Adoption of Smart Agriculture Technology Behavior
Authors: Li Jingjin , Liu Guoyong , Chen Yulan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Smart agricultural (SA) technology has become an inevitable trend in the modernisation of China's agriculture and a realistic demand for the transformation and upgrading of traditional agriculture. Based on microscopic research data, a structural equation model (SEM) is constructed using deconstructive planning behaviour theory (DPBT) as the analytical framework to empirically analyse the factors and degrees of influence on cotton farmers' adoption of SA technologies. In-depth interviews were then combined to further reveal the mechanisms influencing cotton farmers' adoption of SA technology. The results show that: (1) the risk of the technology itself has a dampening effect on willingness, but cotton farmers value the positive role played by perceived usefulness more. (2) superior influences such as trial field demonstrations and government publicity have a greater impact on willingness to adopt SA technologies than the group effect of peer influence. (3) factors such as self-efficacy and information channels have an impact on willingness and behaviour to adopt. (4) Willingness influences technology adoption behaviour through mediating effects. (5) Policy and technology satisfaction have a positive moderating role in the occurrence of willingness and adoption behaviour.
A Novel Cyber Security Model Using Deep Transfer Learning
Authors: ÇAVUŞOĞLU Ünal , AKGÜN Devrim , HIZAL Selman 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Preventing attackers from interrupting or totallystopping critical services in cloud systems is a vitaland challenging task. Today, machine learning-basedalgorithms and models are widely used, especially forthe intelligent detection of zero-day attacks. Recently,deep learning methods that provide automatic featureextraction are designed to detect attacks automatically.In this study, we constructed a new deep learning modelbased on transfer learning for detecting and protectingcloud systems from malicious attacks. The developeddeep transfer learning-based IDS converts network trafficinto 2D preprocessed feature maps.Then the featuremaps are processed with the transferred and fine-tunedconvolutional layers of the deep learning model beforethe dense layer for detection and classification of trafficdata. The results computed using the NSL-KDDtest dataset reveal that the developed models achieve89.74% multiclass and 92.58% binary classification accuracy.We performed another evaluation using only20% of the training dataset as test data, and 80% fortraining. In this case, the model achieved 99.83% and99.85% multiclass and binary classification accuracy, respectively.
The assembly yield of complex, heterogeneous structures: A computational toolbox
Authors: Curatolo Agnese , Kimchi Ofer , Goodrich Carl , Brenner Michael 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The self-assembly of complex structures from a set of non-identical building blocks is a hallmark of soft matter and biological systems, including protein complexes, colloidal clusters, and DNA-based assemblies. Predicting the dependence of the equilibrium assembly yield on the concentrations and interaction energies of building blocks is highly challenging, owing to the difficulty of computing the entropic contributions to the free energy of the many structures that compete with the ground state configuration. While these calculations yield well known results for spherically symmetric building blocks, we discovered that they do not hold when the building blocks have internal rotational degrees of freedom. Here we present an approach for solving this problem that works with arbitrary building blocks, including proteins with known structure and complex colloidal building blocks. Our algorithm combines classical statistical mechanics with recently developed computational tools for automatic differentiation. Automatic differentiation allows efficient evaluation of equilibrium averages over configurations that would otherwise be intractable. We demonstrate the validity of our framework by comparison to molecular dynamics simulations of simple examples, and apply it to calculate the yield curves for known protein complexes and for the assembly of colloidal shells.