bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Injury-Associated Immunosuppression: Occurrence and in vitro Blocking Effect of Post Recovery Serum
Authors: Ninnemann John L. , Fisher Jack C. , Wachtel Thomas L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sera from 38 of 72 burn patients have been found to be significantly suppressive to the PHA-induced blastogenesis of normal human lymphocytes in culture. In many of these patients, we have observed that suppression levels decline with recovery. In a study of eight of these patients, we have found that the addition of post recovery serum to cultures of normal lymphocytes blocked the suppressive effect of autologous serum obtained earlier. Blocking appears to be achieved through the formation of antibodies since: a) IgG levels are greatly elevated in serum samples having blocking activity, b) the time of appearance of blocking substances in the serum is compatible with the generation of antibody, and c) blocking activity is contained in the protein-A isolated IgG fraction of such post recovery serum.
Search for Suppression of T Cells Specific for the Second Nonhost H-2 Haplotype in F1 → P Irradiation Bone Marrow Chimeras
Authors: Zinkernagel Rolf M. , Althage Alana 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Irradiation bone marrow chimeras were made by lethally irradiating parental (P) mice and reconstituting them with T cell-depleted bone marrow cells from F1 hybrid offsprings. These F1 → P chimeric lymphocytes were then analyzed for suppressor mechanisms that could cause the differentiation of effector T cells whose responsiveness was restricted in specificity to the host parent's H-2 haplotype. No evidence was detected for acute or chronic suppression of the second parent's restriction specificity in the following tests of cytotoxic T cell activity against virus-infected targets: 1) Mixing normal F1 spleen cells with various amounts of chimeric spleen and lymph node cells during the cytotoxicity test or, during sensitization in F1 mice tested 5 days after irradiation and infection, revealed no suppression of the activity for the second parental type target cells. 2) Chimeric F1 → P1 lymphocytes did not suppress alloreactivity directed against the second parental H-2 type. 3) Presence or absence of T cells in the transferred, reconstituting F1 bone marrow cells did not change the hosts' influence on the selection of restriction specificity. 4) F1 → P chimeric lymphocytes transferred to 500 R irradiated normal F1 mice did not suppress reactivity for the second parental type targets. 5) F1 → P chimeric lymphocytes or bone marrow cells transferred to lethally irradiated F1 could still differentiate to express the second parental restriction specificity; similarly, when F1 → P lymphocytes were mixed with normal but anti-ϑ plus complement-treated F1 bone marrow cells and transferred to lethally irradiated F1, both restriction specificities were generated.
Therefore, F1 → P irradiation bone marrow chimeras as described and tested here do not contain mechanisms that suppress the restriction specificity of the second parent, which is not a host to the maturing F1 T cells, at least at the effector stage or during differentiation.
Immunoglobulin Class Responsible for Gonococcal Bactericidal Activity of Normal Human Sera
Authors: Schoolnik Gary K. , Ochs Hans D. , Buchanan Thomas M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
“Natural” gonococcal bactericidal antibody is present in the serum of most normal adults and may prevent the systemic dissemination of serum sensitive strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The bactericidal activity of normal human serum for gonococcal strain F62 resides entirely in the IgM serum fraction and is destroyed by treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol. Its absence from cord, but not paired maternal sera, provides additional evidence that this activity is mediated by IgM. Serum bactericidal activity is low and comparable to cord serum for the first 4 weeks of life, rising progressively thereafter to 25, 50, and 100% of the adult geometric mean titer at ages 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years, respectively. The sera of eight patients with x-linked agammaglobulinemia were deficient in gonococcal bactericidal antibody. In contrast, sera from a single patient with x-linked immunodeficiency with increased IgM and nine patients with ataxia telangiectasia possessed normal bactericidal activity for strain F62. The development of gonococcal bactericidal antibody may be delayed in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, since bactericidal activity was low for age in two patients studied at age 2 years, but normal in a third child studied at age 12. The magnitude and nature of the antibody response to bacteriophage antigen and the IgM serum concentration were correlated with the serum bactericidal activity of 22 patients with variable immunodeficiencies. The characterization of the natural occurrence of gonococcal bactericidal antibody should serve as a useful baseline in studies of the immune response to gonococcal infection or immunoprophylaxis.
Immunologic Vasculitis in Beige Mice with Deficiency of Leukocytic Neutral Protease
Authors: Johnson Kent J. , Varani James , Oliver Janet , Ward Peter A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Immune complex vasculitis has been induced in normal mice and in mice with features of the Chediak-Higashi syndrome (“beige” mice). The accumulation of neutrophils in peritoneal exudates after the injection of C5a is not quantitatively depressed in beige as compared with normal mice. Immune complex-induced vasculitis in these two strains of mice is not quantitatively different, as assessed by vascular damage (vasopermeability changes and histologic criteria). Measurements of leukocyte enzymes confirm the findings of Vassalli et al. that leukocytes of beige mice lack neutral protease activity. The data suggest that the neutral protease of murine leukocytes does not account for the vascular damage of immune complex vasculitis.
Detection and Characterization of Human Leukemia-Associated Antigens on Leukemic Cell Lines and Thymocytes
Authors: Seon Ben K. , Yoshizaki Kazuyuki , Pressman David 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Common human thymus-leukemia-associated (HTL) antigens were identified for seven leukemic T cell lines and several thymocyte preparations derived from different donors by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The leukemic T cell lines tested were MOLT-4, CCRF-CEM, RPMI 8402, CCRF-HSB-2, JM, HPB-ALL, and HPB-MLT. The leukemic T cells and normal thymocytes along with normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and other control cells were labeled with 125I by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination and then lysed with Renex 30, a nonionic detergent, in the presence of protease inhibitors Trasylol and phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride. The supernatant of the cell lysate was subjected to various treatments to minimize the occurrence of nonspecific precipitation of radio-activity in the subsequent analyses. The treated supernatant was subjected to immunoprecipitation by adding the γG fraction of rabbit antiserum rendered specific to HTL antigens (Abs-RαMOLT) followed by the subsequent addition of a slight excess of goat antiserum to the Fc fragment of rabbit IgG. The resulting immunoprecipitate was reduced with dithiothreitol and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Two different types of human thymocytes were identified and designated types I and II. Type II thymocytes showed three HTL antigenic components with approximate sizes of 150,000, 120,000, and 63,000 daltons, whereas type I thymocytes showed only the 63,000 dalton component. The seven leukemic T cell lines studied were similar to type II thymocytes in the SDS-PAGE pattern of HTL antigens rather than to type I thymocytes, although there were some differences in the pattern among the different cell lines. The HTL antigens were not detected on PBL, on normal B cell lines, on the leukemia cells of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and on the leukemia cells of a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. Control experiments were carried out with normal rabbit serum or with Abs-RαMOLT absorbed with thymocytes in place of Abs-RαMOLT.
Production and Characterization of DR Xenoantisera: Use for Detection of Serum DR Antigens
Authors: Wilson B. S. , Indiveri F. , Pellegrino M. A. , Ferrone S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Immunoadsorbents consisting of rabbit anti-DR antibodies bound to Staphylococcus aureus were used to bind DR antigens from NP40 cellular extracts of cultured B lymphoid cells. When injected into rabbits, these DR antibody adsorbents elicited the production of antibodies that were shown by both serologic and immunochemical techniques to react specifically with the DR antigen molecule. A rosette inhibition assay with B lymphoid cells and anti-DR xenoantisera was used to detect DR antigens in human serum. DR serum antigens could be found in an enriched preparation of serum lipoproteins obtained by centrifugation in KBr. In addition, sera from some patients with neoplastic diseases contained higher levels of DR serum antigens than those found in normal individuals.
Murine Plasma Cells Secreting More Than One Class of Immunoglobulin
Authors: Mckeever Paul E. , Neiders Mirdza E. , Nero Gregory B. , Asofsky Richard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The antigenic and molecular characteristics of the two immunoglobulins secreted by a single cell line of plasmacytoma SAMM 368 were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of biosynthesized proteins. Adapted to continuous in vitro cultivation, this BALB/c plasmacytoma secretes at least 98% of its heavy chains as components of fully assembled and isotypically uniform IgG2b and IgA molecules. The IgA is secreted as monomers, dimers, and multimers with chemical properties typical of BALB/c myeloma IgA including disulfide bonded J chain and noncovalently bonded light chains. The noncovalently bonded light chains are monomers rather than dimers. Free light chains are also secreted. The ability to segregate heavy chains is attributed either to chemical, enzymatic, or compartmental regulatory factors operating within these plasma cells.
Shared N-Terminal Sequences in Monoclonal IgMκ and IgGκ Proteins from a Patient with a Complex Multiple Paraprotein Disorder
Authors: Hopper John E. , Noyes Claudia , Hsu Robert , Heinrikson Robert , Gallagher William 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The N-terminal sequence analyses were performed on the heavy (H) and light (L) chains of the idiotypically identical IgMκ and IgGκ paraproteins isolated from the serum of patient, Cam. The N-terminal 39 residues of the κ chains of the IgM and IgG were identical and belonged to the human VκIII subgroup. This sequenced stretch included the first L chain hypervariable region. The N-terminal 27 residues of the variable regions (VH) of the respective µ and γ heavy chains were also identical and belonged to the human VHIII subgroup. These identical VH sequences were unique with lysine residues at positions 13 and 19. This dual lysine substitution has not been seen in 37 other human VHIII sequences reported in the literature.
This N-terminal sequence homology in the V-regions of Cam IgMκ and IgGκ paraproteins and the shared idiotypy expressed by Cam IgM, IgG, and IgA proteins strongly suggest the existence of complete structural homology in the variable regions of the H and L chains of these Ig molecules of three separate Ig classes. At the cellular and genetic level, these results point toward a common clonal origin for the idiotypically related Ig molecules and suggest that identical V-region (VH and VL) genes were utilized by the Cam lymphoid clone in the biosynthesis of the respective IgM, IgG, and IgA proteins.
Opposing Effects of Cryostat Sections of Preneoplastic and Neoplastic Mouse Mammary Lesions on in vitro Migration of Peritoneal Exudate Cells
Authors: Wei Wei-Zen , Miller Fred R. , Blazar Beverly A. , Medina Dan , Heppner Gloria 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cryostat sections of normal mouse tissues and of preneoplastic HAN and neoplastic mammary tumors were used as “antigens” in MMI tests. Nonspecific inhibition of normal and sensitized PEC migration was induced by HAN and some normal tissues, including normal mammary gland. This inhibition did not require the presence of lymphocytes, was not species specific, and could be blocked by sera from HAN-bearing mice. Cryostat sections of mammary tumors did not inhibit, indeed occasionally enhanced PEC migration. Further, the presence of tumor cryostats and eluates interfered with inhibition induced by HAN cryostats and by PPD with PEC from donors sensitized to that antigen. Histologic examination of HAN and of mammary tumor tissue revealed inflammatory cells to be distributed diffusely in the former and localized peripherally around the latter type of lesion.
Defective Resistance to Plasmodium Yoelii in CBA/N Mice
Authors: Hunter Kenneth W. , Finkelman Fred D. , Strickland G. Thomas , Sayles Peter C. , Scher Irwin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The role of B lymphocytes in resistance to malaria was studied in defective and normal F1 mice derived from CBA/N mice, a strain with an X-linked B cell defect. When infected with normally nonlethal Plasmodium yoelii, immune defective F1 male mice had higher parasitemias and more prolonged infections than normal F1 mice, as well as a 50% mortality rate. Before infection the plasma levels of IgM and IgG were lower in defective F1 males than normal F1 mice. The polyclonal IgM and IgG responses of infected abnormal F1 mice were delayed and lower in absolute magnitude than those of normal F1 mice. Furthermore, specific IgM and IgG anti-plasmodial antibody titers, as determined by radioimmunoassay, were depressed on day 12 in the defective F1 males. Although IgG titers approached those of the normal F1 mice on day 19, defective F1 male IgM titers remained depressed. These data demonstrate that an X-linked gene that affects B cell function influences malarial resistance in mice, presumably via a decreased specific IgM response, and the slow development of a specific IgG response to P. yoelii infection.
Regulation of Autoimmune Response to Mouse Thyroglobulin: Influence of H-2D-end Genes
Authors: Kong Yi-Chi M. , David Chella S. , Giraldo Alvaro A. , Elrehewy Mostafa , Rose Noel R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Studies were initiated to define the H-2-linked genetic control of response to self-determinants of MTg. In addition to the Ir gene control of H-2K end, a modifying effect of D end was seen. The extent of regulation depended upon the derivation of the K-end Ir-Tg gene(s) as well as the D-end genes. When the Ir-Tg gene was from good responder H-2k and H-SS strains, and the H-2D-end gene from the d allele, antibody levels were moderate to high but cellular infiltration was significantly reduced. These findings demonstrate genetic interaction between I-region and D-end gene products in the response to a self-antigen, MTg.
Soluble Factors Containing Thy-1 Antigen Shed from Lymphoblastoid Cells Modulate in vitro Plaque-Forming Cell Response
Authors: Freimuth W. W. , Miller H. C. , Esselman W. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Culture media from two lymphoblastoid cell lines, BW 5147 (Thy-1.1, H-2k) and S.49.1 (Thy-1.2, H-2d), were capable of suppressing approximately 50% of the primary in vitro anti-SRBC hemolytic plaque response of BALB/c (Thy-1.2, H-2d) and AKR (Thy-1.1, H-2k) spleen cell cultures. The association of the Thy-1 molecule with the suppressor factor was suggested when pretreatment of both of these conditioned media with either anti-Thy-1.1 or anti-Thy-1.2 alloantisera abrogated the modulatory activity. Simultaneous measurement of primary anti-Thy-1.1 PFC responses by the same BALB/c (Thy-1.2, H-2d) spleen cell cultures indicated that only BW 5147 culture medium could induce a significant anti-Thy-1.1 antibody response. In contrast to neutralization of suppressor activity by both anti-Thy-1 alloantisera, only anti-Thy-1.1 sera adsorption of BW 5147 culture medium abrogated the anti-Thy-1.1 PFC response; anti-Thy-1.2 sera either had no effect or enhanced it.
The molecular properties of the suppressor factor and shed Thy-1 were analyzed by column chromatography of culture medium from [3H]glucosamine-labeled S.49.1 and BW 5147 cells. The suppressive activity in culture medium from both tumor cells was found in fractions of high m.w. (&gt;2 × 106 daltons). Immunoprecipitation techniques and the anti-Thy-1 PFC assay were utilized to demonstrate that in both neoplastic cell lines the Thy-1 antigenicity also resided primarily in large m.w. complexes of &gt;2 × 106 daltons. Column fractions containing high m.w. substances from BW 5147 or S.49.1 culture medium, either by themselves or pretreated with anti-Thy-1.1 or anti-Thy-1.2 sera, were cultivated with BALB/c spleen cell cultures and gave results similar to those observed with unfractionated culture medium. These experiments indicate that the suppressor activity found in the conditioned medium of these two lymphoblastoid cells is contained in a high m.w. complex associated with the Thy-1 antigen.
Cross-Neutralization of Infectious Mononucleosis and Burkitt Lymphoma Strains of Epstein-Barr Virus with Hyperimmune Rabbit Antisera
Authors: Coope Donald , Heston Lee , Brandsma Janet , Miller George 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Antisera that neutralize Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were prepared in rabbits. Neutralization tests were based on inhibition of transformation of normal lymphocytes into cell lines or on inhibition of induction of early antigen. Supernatant culture fluids of human and marmoset lymphoblastoid cell lines productive of virus were the source of antigen. Neutralizing activity was not induced by immunization of rabbits with medium from EBV transformed cell lines that did not release virus. However, neutralizing activity appeared in the sera of rabbits inoculated with supernatant fluid of a producer line from which nearly all the virions had been removed by ultracentrifugation. Rabbit antisera with neutralizing activity reacted with radioiodinated virus purified by velocity sedimentation on a sucrose gradient.
Neutralizing capacity of the sera was not removed by absorption with primary human or marmoset leukocytes, by absorption with EBV transformed human B lymphoid cells that were not virus producers, nor by absorption with marmoset lymphoblastoid T cell lines transformed by Herpes saimiri virus. However, absorption of the antisera with EB virus producer lines caused a marked reduction or elimination of neutralizing antibody titer.
Cross-neutralization and cross-absorption tests did not indicate the existence of distinct serotypes. Antiserum prepared against the Hawley EBV strain from a patient with mononucleosis neutralized two viruses of Burkitt lymphoma origin, HR-1 and Olare. Antiserum raised against the nontransforming HR-1 strain neutralized the two transforming strains. Absorption of the sera with virus producer cells removed neutralizing activity directed against both homologous and heterologous viruses. The results indicate that EB viruses of diverse origin and diverse biologic properties share antigens, presumably located both on the viral envelope and on the cytoplasmic membrane of producer cell lines, which elicit neutralizing activity.
Regulation of the Primary Immune Response to Ovalbumin in Mice: Activation of T Cells Mediating Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity, Nonspecific Help, and Specific Help, and Their Sensitivity to Radiation
Authors: Lubet Martha Turner , Kettman John R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have previously shown that the immune response to ovalbumin (OVA) in mice is controlled by at least four genes. The purpose of the studies reported here was to investigate the site of action of the genes regulating the response to OVA. To this end, helper T cell functions were studied in responder (BDF1) and nonresponder (A/J) mice by using three approaches.
In the first approach, the antibody response to limiting and nonlimiting doses of TNP-OVA was studied. When mice were immunized with limiting doses of TNP-OVA, anti-TNP antibodies were elicited but anti-OVA antibodies were not. These findings suggest that OVA-specific helper T cells are not the limiting factor in the anti-OVA antibody responses.
Helper T cell functions were also measured in in vitro assays. Two kinds of helper T cell activity were measured. “Nonspecific” helper T cell activity (the bystander effect) was determined by measuring the ability of OVA-primed spleen cells to help the anti-sheep red blood cells (SRBC) antibody response in cultures stimulated with SRBC and TNP-OVA. Antigen-specific helper activity was determined by measuring the ability of OVA-primed spleen cells to help the anti-TNP antibody response in cultures stimulated with TNP-OVA. The results indicate that in vivo-priming doses of OVA that do not elicit a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response or a primary antibody response prime for both “nonspecific” and antigen-specific helper T cells. These findings suggest that the genes regulating the immune response to OVA do not control activation of helper T cells.
These T cell subpopulations that recognize OVA can be further distinguished by virtue of their sensitivity to radiation. The DTH effector cells and cells responsible for “nonspecific” help are not sensitive to 1000R. In contrast, the specific helper activity is sensitive to 1000R. The subsets that are not sensitive to radiation are distinguished by their independent activation by OVA.
Changes in Receptor Isotype and T/B Ratio in an Antigen-Binding Cell Population after in vitro Immunization
Authors: Merrill Jean E. , Ashman Robert F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
T and B antigen-binding cells (T ABC, B ABC) specific for sheep erythrocytes (SRC) have been generated in a primary in vitro Mishell-Dutton-type culture system. On days 1 to 3 of the in vitro response, ABC were approximately 60% T cells and 40% B cells, although on days 4 to 6 there were more B ABC than T ABC. T ABC increased significantly in the first day of culture, but no increase in B ABC was seen until day 3. Absolute numbers of both T and B ABC were maximal on day 4, representing a 10-fold increase in T ABC and about a 4-fold increase in B ABC.
The increase in T and B ABC was antigen-driven. In unstimulated cultures, T and B ABC maintained nonimmune levels until day 4. However, T and B non-ABC decreased synchronously, whether antigen-stimulated or not.
The isotypes of ABC receptors were examined by inhibiting antigen binding with heavy chain-specific antisera. All ABC, including T ABC, were inhibitable by rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin (RxMIg) containing antibodies to γ, µ, κ, and λ. The proportion of ABC inhibitable by anti-µ did not change from the day 0 level in antigen-stimulated or unstimulated cultures. There was an antigen-driven gain of surface IgG (sIgG) by ABC between day 2 and day 3 in stimulated cultures not seen in unstimulated cultures. Loss of surface IgD (sIgD) occurred to the same extent and at the same rate from ABC in stimulated and unstimulated cultures, providing no conclusive evidence that this loss was an antigen-driven differentiation event, but demonstrating that the loss of sIgD could be dissociated from the expression of sIgG. On day 3, when sIgG first appeared, it was expressed mainly or exclusively on surface IgM (sIgM)-bearing cells, the majority of which still expressed sIgD.