bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using social marketing theory as a framework for understanding barriers and facilitators of human papillomavirus screening in women: A qualitative study
Authors: Daghighbin Elahe , Najar Ali Vafaee , Tehrani Hadi , Saghi Fateme Kokabi , Ghavami Vahid , Houshmand Elahe , Ebrahimipour Hossein 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:Human papillomavirus (HPV) is known as the common sexually transmitted disease and the cause of cervical cancer. The HPV test is being proposed as the primary screening tool for cervical cancer. This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators of screening based on the social marketing model in designing interventions and planning to increase HPV screening.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This qualitative directed content analysis was conducted between December 2020 to September 2021 to identify the key concepts of social marketing theory (i.e., the four P's: product, price, place, and promotion) in Mashhad, Iran. Semistructured interviews were fulfilled with 24 individuals (10 women with HPV and 14 key informants) after obtaining participants' consent, who were initially purposively sampled and snowball sampling was then used to facilitate further recruitment. Data analysis was carried out simultaneously with data collection.RESULTS:Following the code extraction, four main categories (themes) and 10 subcategories extracted. Subcategories included knowledge on screening, screening benefits, and motivational factors for screening (product), individual inhibitors, environmental inhibitors, and facility problems related to price, place of service delivery, and service delivery channels (place) and health promotion and education.DISCUSSION:Lack of knowledge about HPV and screening, negative attitudes toward sexually transmitted diseases, taboo about sexual issues in society, fear of the reaction of spouse and family members, lack of proper policies and information and communication challenges, high costs of screening, access barriers to facilities such as difficult transportation have been challenges of health systems. It is suggested that HPV screening as a standard method for detection of cervical cancer be considered and the barriers to access are removed.
A Study on Patients with Pleural Effusion with Emphasis on Pleural Fluid Adenosine Deaminase and Pleural Biopsy
Authors: Mandal Animesh , Sardar Pritam Kumar , Bar Prasenjit Kumar , Das Anirban 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Evaluation of adenosine deaminase (ADA) has emerged as a potential biochemical marker for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). An increased level of ADA in blood generally indicates the presence of TB. This study aimed to evaluate the ADA level in pleural fluid with diagnostic accuracy in histologically confirmed patients of pleural TB.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective observational study included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of pleural effusion. Data related to demographics, clinical characteristics, sputum status, predominant cells, ADA levels, and pleural biopsy reports were recorded.

Results:
Of the 82 patients of exudative pleural effusion, 65 (79.3%) were men. The most common presenting symptoms were cough (87.8%), chest pain (67.1%), fever (64.6%), and shortness of breath (56.1%). The average ADA level was 66.5 IU/L. Pleural biopsy showed that 45.1% of patients were tubercular etiology, 34.1% of patients were malignant, and 20.7% were of nonspecific inflammatory origin. Totally 59.8% of patients had right-sided pleural effusion, whereas 40.2% of patients had left-sided pleural effusion. Majority of the TB patients (81.1%) with ADA level > 40 U/L were diagnosed with tubercular granuloma, whereas 41 patients with malignancy and other patients had ADA level < 40 U/L (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Evaluation of ADA level along with histopathological examination can be easily performed as the routine test in the diagnosis of TB.
A review of the current diphtheria outbreaks
Authors: Medugu N. , Musa-Booth T.O. , Adegboro, B. , Onipede A.O. , Babazhitsu M. , Amaza R. 
Published: April 2023

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is responsible for both endemic and epidemic diphtheria. The predisposing factor for this disease is the failure to immunize during childhood. Humans are the only hosts of the organism and is present in the upper respiratory tract. The organism is transmitted via airborne route and can cause respiratory obstruction and heart failure because of the exotoxin it produces. There is presently a resurgence of diphtheria outbreaks in Nigeria. The Nigeria Center for Disease Control (NCDC) was notified of suspected diphtheria outbreaks in Lagos and Kano States, Nigeria, in December 2022 and has been issuing monthly reports since that time. This review of the diphtheria outbreaks following online database searches on PubMed and Google Scholar as well as the NCDC/WHO websites and grey literatures, describes the current trend of the outbreaks globally, elucidated the different strains of Corynebacterium responsible for the outbreaks, identified the recent vaccine formulation developed to tackle the outbreaks, and provide information on vaccine delivery and efficacy studies in the country and globally.
French title: Un examen des épidémies actuelles de diphtérie

Corynebacterium diphtheriae est responsable à la fois de la diphtérie endémique et épidémique. Le facteur prédisposant à cette maladie est l'absence de vaccination pendant l'enfance. Les humains sont les seuls hôtes de l'organisme et sont présents dans les voies respiratoires supérieures. L'organisme est transmis par voie aérienne et peut provoquer une obstruction respiratoire et une insuffisance cardiaque en raison de l'exotoxine qu'il produit. Il y a actuellement une recrudescence des épidémies de diphtérie au Nigeria. Le Centre Nigérian de Contrôle des Maladies (NCDC) a été informé des épidémies présumées de diphtérie dans les États de Lagos et de Kano, au Nigéria, en décembre 2022 et publie depuis lors des rapports mensuels. Cet examen des épidémies de diphtérie à la suite de recherches dans les bases de données en ligne sur PubMed et Google Scholar ainsi que sur les sites Web et les littératures grises du NCDC/OMS, décrit la tendance actuelle des épidémies dans le monde, a élucidé les différentes souches de Corynebacterium responsables des épidémies, identifié les récentes la formulation de vaccins développée pour lutter contre les épidémies et fournir des informations sur l'administration des vaccins et les études d'efficacité dans le pays et dans le monde.
Assessment of the risk of stroke in children with sickle cell anemia using transcranial doppler ultrasound with imaging in Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Wudil Jibir Binta , Usman Wudil J. , Muuta I. , Oyewole Adeodu O. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality affecting about 10% of patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA). Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography helps to identify children with SCA who are at an increased risk for stroke. This study aimed to determine the risk of stroke in children with SCA in steady state using Transcranial Doppler with Imaging (TCDI) scan abnormalities and the prevalence of TCDI scan abnormalities among children with SCA in northern Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: We conducted acomparative study among 240 persons with SCA who attended a pediatric sickle cell clinic in northern Nigeria and were in steady state condition. We performed a transcranial ultrasound examination and collected blood samples to perform full blood counts and hemoglobin electrophoresis.
Results: Abnormal velocities were obtained in 11 (9.3%) children with SCA; while 16 (13.6%) had conditional velocities and 89 (76.7%) of those had normal velocities in one or more of the four vessels studied. Most of the children in the control group 116 (96.7%) had normal velocities and the difference between the groups was not statistically significant (χ 2 = 0.59, p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The use of TCDI sonography to predict the risk of stroke should be included in the standard of care in children with SCA in Nigeria and should be included in routine evaluation of disease severity in children with SCA
Epidemiology and severity of bronchial asthma among school-aged children in EnuguState, South-East, Nigeria
Authors: Adiele Daberechi Kenneth , Onyia Jude Tony , Oguonu Tagbo , Obionu Christopher N. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Bronchial asthma is a common chronic respiratory illness affecting all age groups but mainly children and constitutes a major global health problem. Higher prevalence has been noted in highincome countries with reports of increasing prevalence among the population in low-income countries of Asia and Africa.
Objective: To determine the epidemiology of bronchial asthma among school-aged children in rural and urban areas of Enugu State, Nigeria.
Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study of children aged 8 to 12 years selected by multistage sampling method from primary schools in the urban and rural communities in Enugu state of Nigeria was performed. Information was obtained from consenting parents/caregivers on probable asthma symptoms/signs using modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire.
Result: An overall prevalence of bronchial asthma was 11.3%, with urban and rural areas respective prevalence of 13.1% and 11.2%. More males than females were affected in both communities (urban 13.4% vs 12.8% and rural 11.2% vs. 10.2%) respectively. Daytime wheezes (≤ 3 episodes per week) with school absence were the dominant cause of morbidity. History of atopic diseases was noted in 25.7% urban and 23.4% rural children.
Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of bronchial asthma among school aged children in our community particularly among the urban population. The need for more enlightenment programs for the public on the high prevalence of bronchial asthma in our locality as comparable with Western countries, some of its symptoms and its potential morbidity especially in our school-aged children. This may necessitate some general intervention like education on environmental modification to minimize trigger factors.
The obstacles of diagnosing and achieving glycaemic control in breastfeeding infant with type 1 diabetes mellitus with diabetic ketoacidosis- a case report
Authors: Abdullahi S.M. , Mado S.M. , Abubakar Y. , Shuaibu R.A. 
Published: April 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is uncommon in infancy and its presentation can mimic some common childhood illnesses. The spontaneity of the young infant, inherent communication difficulties, insulin treatment and eating pattern poses major technical, medical and psychological challenges. Training the family to care for the diabetic infant is also challenging for all. We present a case of a 10-month old diabetic infant with poor glycaemic control and DKA. The justification for this is because DM with DKA is uncommon in infancy and its presentation may be mistaken for other illnesses such as meningitis, encephalitis and cerebral malaria among others, so it needs a high index of suspicion in other to avoid morbidity and mortality. The objective of reporting this case is to create awareness that although DM is uncommon in infancy, but can still occur. It should therefore be looked for.
Serum Levels of Vitamin D in Male Partners of Women with Infertility in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Bamgboye A.E , Ogunbode O.O. , Arowojolu A.O. 
Published: April 2023

Globally infertility affects 8-12% of couples, with male and female causes contributing equally. Micronutrient's deficiency such as vitamin D has been implicated as a cause of infertility in animal studies, there is therefore the need to evaluate its role in humans. This study determined serum levels of vitamin D in males who were partners of patients presenting with infertility.
This was a prospective cross- sectional study involving 170 consenting male partners of women presenting with infertility at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. A structured questionnaire was administered while blood sample and semen were collected for serum vitamin D assay and seminal fluid analysis (SFA) analysis. The data was entered into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 and statistical significance was set at less than 5%.
Eighty-four (49.4%) participants had at least one abnormal parameter on SFA. The mean vitamin D level was higher in participants with normal SFA (34.4+12.6ng/ml) compared with abnormal SFA (32.8 + 15ng/ml). None of the participants had vitamin D deficiency, however the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency among participants with abnormal and normal SFA was 62.5 % and 37.5% and this was statistically significant. (p = 0.01). Sperm progressive motility was the only SFA parameter associated with serum Vitamin D levels. (p-value = 0.03).
This study showed that vitamin D insufficiency is associated with male infertility, therefore it may be added as an investigation for men with infertility and Vitamin D supplement be given where insufficiency or deficiency are noted.
Pertumbuhan Kehidupan Batin Berdasarkan Teori Pemimpin Transformatif
Authors: Barus Timotius , Sutrisno  
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Leadership theology is part of the broader idea of growth in the leader's inner leadership life, which also includes more collaborative efforts to develop leadership abilities in groups and organizations. A proposed framework for Christian leader development outcomes, based on five main areas, will be presented: Christian formation, personal formation, relational skills, intellectual abilities, and managerial skills. The existence of differences in leadership from a theological point of view allows researchers to examine this research with transformative leader theory. This study suggests a combined framework for the desired goal of Christian leader development based on an analysis of the scientific literature on the subject from a Christian and secular point of view.

Abstrak
Teologi kepemimpinan adalah bagian dari gagasan pertumbuhan kehidupan kepemimpinan batin sang pemimpin yang lebih luas, yang juga mencakup upaya yang lebih kolaboratif untuk membantu pengembangan kemampuan kepemimpinan dalam kelompok dan organisasi. Kerangka yang diusulkan untuk hasil pengembangan pemimpin Kristen, berdasarkan sekitar lima bidang utama, akan disajikan: pembentukan Kristen, pembentukan pribadi, keterampilan relasional, kemampuan intelektual, dan keterampilan manajerial. Adanya perbedaan tentang kepemimpinan dalam sudut pandang teologi memberikan peneliti mengkaji penelitian ini dengan teori pemimpin transformatif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyarankan kerangka gabungan untuk tujuan yang diinginkan dari pengembangan pemimpin Kristen berdasarkan penelitian literatur ilmiah tentang subjek dari sudut pandang Kristen dan sekuler.
Hospitalitas Sebagai Objek Perjumpaan Kristen-Islam: Resiprositas, Sinergisitas, dan Kolaborasi
Authors: Walangare Audy , Nainggolan Bartolomeus Diaz , Sagala Rudolf 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Christian-Muslim conflict is moving forward and has not yet reached a peace climax which is comprehensive and accommodating the whole, at least, the specific intention of religions. The religious conflict includes dogmatics, politics, rights to construct temples, education, and other related dimensions. Hospitality offers constructive conversation to Christian-Islam relations in Indonesia. Using the qualitative descriptive method, this research portrays a hospitality comparison between two distinct religious perspectives. Eventually, Islamic hospitality relates to wealth and worldly pleasure, while Christianity considers hospitality part of spiritual and divine participation.

Abstrak
Konflik agama Kristen-Islam terus bergulir dan belum mencapai titik klimaks perdamaian yang komprehensif dan mengakomodasi seluruh, atau paling tidak, sebagian besar kepentingan agama. Pertikaian agama meliputi konflik dokmatika, politik agama, hak-hak mendirikan bangunan ibadah, pendidikan dan berbagai aspek lainnya. Hospitalitas menawarkan percakapan yang konstruktif bagi agama Kristen-islam di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, penelitian ini menampilkan hospitalitas sebagai objek perjumpaan dari dua perspektif tradisi agama yang berbeda, yaitu Kristen dan Islam. Pada akhirnya, hospitalitas Islam memiliki korelasi dengan kemakmuran dan kekayaan dunia, berpusat pada diri manusia dan berkaitan erat dengan ritual keagamaan sedangkan Kristen menganggap hospitalitas sebagai manifestasi cinta kasih, berfokus pada ilahi, dan bagaian dari partisipasi spiritual dengan Tuhan.
PENGARUH IDENTITAS MEREK TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN PADA PT.ALFA SCORPII MEDAN
Authors: Ria Chainar Elly , Simanjuntak Alfonso Valti Pardamean , Zai Renowati 
Published: April 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Identitas Merek Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan pada PT.Alfa Scorpii Medan,penelitian ini menggunakan variabel dependennya yaitu Identitas Merek yang digunakan adalah data primer populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 300 orang pembeli dengan sampel 75 responden dengan rumus Solvin. Penguji menggunakan metode analisis data dan digunakan adalah metode analisis kuantitatif yaitu meliputi uji validitas,uji reabilitas,uji regresi linear sederhana dimana Y=3,839 + 0,375 X dan Uji t dimana nilai tterhitung 3,337 > ttabel 1,993 dan sig 0,000 < 0,05 menunjukkan bahwa Identitas Merek berpengaruh terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan pada PT.Alfɑ Scorpii Medɑn. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel Identitas Merek berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap kepuasan pelanggan sebagai subjek penelitian. Berdasarkan pengujian determinasi () diketahui bahwa nilai R square sebesar 0,356 berarti hubungan Identitas Merek terhadap kepuasan Pelanggan sebesar 35,6%. Artinya memiliki hubungan yang tidak terlalu kuat. Sedangkan sisanya 64,4% di Jelaskan oleh Variabel lain di luar variabel yang di teliti.Sebaiknya kepada pimpinan PT.Alfa Scorpii agar lebih memperkenalkan Identitas Merek terhadap kepuasan Pelanggan.
PENGARUH CITRA MEREK DAN PERSEPSI HARGA TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN MINUMAN MEREK AQUA PADA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS EKONOMI UNIVERSITAS DARMA AGUNG
Authors: Sirait Ronnie MT. , Rajagukguk Dahliana , Chrisanti Valencia Oktavia 
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan pengaruh citra merek dan persepsi harga terhadap keputusan pembelian minuman merek Aqua.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa fakultas ekonomi Universitas Darma Agung, dengan jumlah 620 orang periode 2017-2020. Sementara sampel yang di peroleh didalam penelitian ini sebanyak 86 orang mahasiswa (responden). Untuk memperoleh data dan keterangan lainnya, penulis menggunakan metode Penelitian Kepustakaan (Library Research). Dalam penelitian digunakan skala likert. Pengujian menggunakan metode deskriptif dan analisi regresi linear berganda sebagai berikut Y = 2.854 + 0,389 + 0,166 . Dari persamaan tersebut maka dapat diintrepretasikan bahwa variabel Citra Merek dan Persepsi Harga berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian. Berdasarkan uji t diperoleh bahwa kedua variabel Independen Berpengaruh secara Parsial dimana signifikansi < 0,05. Dan uji F diperoleh bahwa variabel independen berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap varibael dependen dimana F hitung 22,272 > F tabel 2,71.Dan berdasarkan Koefisien determinasi keputusan pembelian konsumen dapat di jelaskan dari hasil regresi sebesar 33,4%, sedangkan sisanya yaitu 66,6 % di jelaskan oleh variabel lain di luar variabel yang di teiiti.
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA HOTEL PARDEDE INTERNASIONAL MEDAN
Authors: Manik Lely Lasro Ariska , Bancin Mira Antasari 
Published: April 2023

Gaya kepemimpinan merupakan gaya pemimpin berperan dan/atau bagaimana pemimpin memotivasi anggotanya untuk meraih tujuan yang telah ditentukan. Sedangkan kinerja karyawan adalah pencapaian dan integritas yang telah diperoleh setelah mengakhiri seluruh beban dan kepercayaan yang di berikan dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari apakah gaya kepemimpinan mempunyai kontribusi atas Kinerja Karyawan di Hotel Pardede Internasional Medan. Variabel penelitian di dalam kerangka berpikir ada 2 (dua) yaitu : Variabel X (Gaya Kepemimpinan) dan Variabel Y (Kinerja Karyawan). Populasi penelitian adalah karyawan Hotel Pardede Internasional Medan. Sampel berjumlah 40 responden dan metode pengambilan data yang dipakai adalah daftar pertanyaan (Quesioner) dan wawancara. Analisis regresi linier sederhana adalah teknik analisa data yang digunakan dengan menggunakan bantuan SPSS. Bentuk persamaan dari analisis ini adalah Y= a+bX+e, setelah data dianalisis dengan bantuan SPSS, persamaan regresi yang diperoleh yaitu: Y= 38,448+0.349X berdasarkan koefisien determinasi R2 = 83,3%. Hasil hasil uji Statistik (Uji t), diperoleh nilai thitung > ttabel (2,646>2,042) dengan tingkat signifikansi (0,000 < 0,05) sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Gaya Kepemimpinan berkontribusi atas Kinerja Karyawan di Hotel Pardede Internasional Medan. Disarankan agar Hotel Pardede Internasional Medan lebih meningkatkan Gaya Kepemipinan yang baik agar tetap tercapainya Kinerja karyawan.
PENGARUH KOMPENSASI DAN DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DINAS KETENAGAKERJAAN KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Purba Adryan Yohanes , Dakhi Firdayanti , Hutabarat Lamminar , Sinaga Agam 
Published: April 2023

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh kompeinsasi dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja Pegawai Dinas Ketenagakerjaan Kota Medan. Metode pengumpulan sampel dengan teknik sensus atau sampling total. Jumlah populasi riset ini sebanyak 55 orang dan ini berarti subyeknya kurang dari 100, melihat ini maka yang dijadikan sampel dalam riset ini diambil dari jumlah keseluruhan populasi. Uji ataupun metode yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda. Setelah diuji maka dapat dilihat hasil akhir dimana Y = 4,223 + 0,221X1 + 0,668X2 + € dengan Uji F ( 46,248 > 3,18) (0,001 < 0,05) artinya semua variabel independen berpengaruh positif yang signifikan terhadap Kinerja pegawai. Kemudian dalam Uji T pada Kompensasi terhadap Kinerja pegawai diperoleh sebesar ( 3,051 > 2,006) (0,004 < 0,05), ini menunjukkan bahwa kompensasi berpeungaruh silgnifikan lisecara pliarsial terhadap kinerja pegawai. Dan pada Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pegawai diperoleh sebesar ( 8,104 > 2,006) (0,000 < 0,05), yang menyatakan disiplin kerja berpengaruh signifikan secara parsial terhadap kinerja pegawai.
PENGARUH IFLASI DAN PENGANGGURAN TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PERKAPITA PADA LIMA KOTA DI SUMATERA UTARA PERIODE 2010 SAMPAI DENGAN 2021
Authors: Sinaga Agam 
Published: April 2023

Tulisan ini mengulas tentang pengaruh dari inflasi dan pengangguran terhadap pendapatan perkapita pada 5 (lima) kota di Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Kelima kota tersebut meliputi Sibolga, Pematang Siantar, Medan, Padang Sidempuan dan Gunung Sitoli. Data dari daerah tersebut tersedia pada website BPS dan Bank Indonesia, yang digunakan penulis sebagai data sekunder. Tulisan ini adalah untuk kepentingan ilmiah semata demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan tentang inflasi dan pengangguran serta pengaruhnya terhadap pendapatan perkapita.Adanya pandemic covid-19 melambatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi secara keseluruhan karena pembatasan aktivitas kegiatan masyarakat diluar rumah yang dikenal dengan istilah lockdown yang mengakibatkan sebagian masyarakat kehilangan pekerjaan yang sekaligus berdampak pada pendapatan yang diterimanya secara rill.