bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for bladder neck contracture after transurethral resection of the prostate
Authors: Goßler Christopher , Pfänder Franziska , Haas Maximilian , Mayr Roman , Gierth Michael , Burger Maximilian , Rosenhammer Bernd , Breyer Johannes 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionTransurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the most frequently used treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia with a prostate volume of <80 mL. A long‐term complication is bladder neck contracture (BNC). The aim of the present study was to identify the risk factors for BNC formation after TURP.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of all TURP primary procedures which were performed at one academic institution between 2013 and 2018. All patients were analyzed and compared with regard to postoperative formation of a BNC requiring further therapy. Uni‐ and multivariable logistic regression analyses (MVAs) were performed to identify possible risk factors for BNC development.ResultsWe included 1368 patients in this analysis. Out of these, 88 patients (6.4%) developed BNC requiring further surgical therapy. The following factors showed a statistically significant association with BNC development: smaller preoperative prostate volume (p = 0.001), lower resected prostate weight (p = 0.004), lower preoperative levels of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA, p < 0.001), shorter duration of the surgery (p = 0.027), secondary transurethral intervention (due to urinary retention or gross hematuria) during inpatient stay (p = 0.018), positive (≥100  CFU/mL) preoperative urine culture (p = 0.010), and urethral stricture (US) formation requiring direct visual internal urethrotomy (DVIU) postoperatively after TURP (p < 0.001), in particular membranous (p = 0.046) and bulbar (p < 0.001) strictures. Preoperative antibiotic treatment showed a protective effect (p = 0.042). Histopathological findings of prostate cancer (PCA) in the resected prostate tissue were more frequent among patients who did not develop BNC (p = 0.049). On MVA, smaller preoperative prostate volume (p = 0.046), positive preoperative urine culture (p = 0.021), and US requiring DVIU after TURP (p < 0.001) were identified as independent predictors for BNC development.ConclusionBNC is a relevant long‐term complication after TURP. In particular, patients with a smaller prostate should be thoroughly informed about this complication.
Optomechanically Induced Faraday Effect with Mechanical Driving and Coulomb Coupling
Authors: Wang Tie , Han Xue , Liu Shutian , Zhang Shou , Wang Hong‐Fu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe optomechanically induced Faraday (OMIF) effect is investigated in a cavity optomechanical system (COS) consisting of an optical cavity and two mechanical resonators (MRs). Optomechanical interaction and mechanical driving can be used to manipulate the vector properties of photons. Even for weaker optomechanical interactions, perfect polarization mode conversion can be efficiently ensured. Moreover, mechanical driving can be viewed as a switch that turns on and off the all‐optical polarization control. The combination of Coulomb coupling and mechanical driving results in an asymmetric double‐ OMIF effect, which is helpful for the realization of nonreciprocal polarization optical transmission. The present scheme provides a more flexible approach for practical applications ranging from polarization optical mode conversion or modulation to multi‐band optical communication.
Development of an automated mobile robotic sprayer to prevent workers' exposure of agro‐chemicals inside polyhouse
Authors: Jat Dilip , Dubey Kumkum , Potdar Rahul R. , Chakraborty Subir Kumar , Kumar Satya Prakash , Chandel Narendra Singh , Rajwade Yogesh Anand , A Subeesh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAutomated spraying practices are inevitable for modern polyhouse management to attain a broader objective of minimizing human exposure to agrochemicals. In the present study, an automated mobile robotic sprayer (AMRS) was developed to combat the increased human intervention and safeguard agricultural workers from potential health hazards. The system mainly comprises embedded sensors (ultrasonic, proximity, XBee) and controllers (Arduino, PLC). The controller drives the system on a piping track between the rows as well as on the head space achieving end‐to‐end automation for spraying operations. The system performance was evaluated on the tomato crop with respect to the physiological traits, yield and economics. Additionally, the study leveraged response surface methodology to optimize forward speed, spray distance, and working pressure of AMRS on the responses, droplet density, coverage, volume mean diameter (VMD) and application rate. Optimization of forward speed (0.79 km/h), spray distance (250 mm) and working pressure (0.40 MPa) resulted in 90.7 droplets/cm2 droplet density, 47.1% coverage, 170.2 μm VMD and 86.0 mL/m2 of application rate. Ergonomic aspects of AMRS were assessed by the parameters, human exposure, discomfort and postural assessment with respect to knapsack sprayer. The working heart rate of 103 beats/min, work pulse of 12 beats/min, oxygen consumption rate of 916 mL/min and energy expenditure rate of 18.7 kJ/min recorded during the ergonomic evaluation of the AMRS were 25%, 75%, 42%, and 41% lower compared to manual spraying, respectively. Moreover, three–six times higher work pulse, cardiac cost, body part discomfort score and overall discomfort rating were observed which indicated more drudgery involved in manual spraying. State‐of‐the‐art system developed for polyhouses would minimize the drudgery and health hazards, significantly. The system's resilience and effectiveness pave the way for its wider deployment where the use of agrochemicals are prevalent, particularly in small‐size polyhouses.
Chicken Egg Shell Waste Derived Calcium Oxide Based Nanohybrid For Rapid Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Water: Green Synthesis, Kinetics and Reusability
Authors: Rani Manviri , Keshu  , Usha  , Shanker Uma 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe carcinogenic metal ions chromium (Cr+6) and lead (Pb+2) are prominent water pollutants. To substantiate this, green synthesized SnO2nanoparticle (usingS. mukorossiextract) was coupled with egg shell derived CaO nanocrystals. Crystalline nature of synthesized catalyst confirmed by PXRD and microscopic study revealed spherical SnO2decorated on the irregular surface of CaO. Synthesized nanohybrid followed adsorption and photocatalytic reduction (Cr+6to Cr+3; Pb+2to Pb0) (Cr+6: 94 %; Pb+2: 88 %) phenomenon. Synergism of CaO (51.9 m2 g−1; 2.9 eV) and SnO2(13.3 m2 g−1; 3.15 eV) was resulted into plenty of surface area (91.9 m2 g−1), low band gap (2.4 eV), and semiconducting nature of nanohybrid. As compared to Pb+2removal of Cr+6was faster due to higher value of reduction potential [Cr+6/Cr+3(1.35 eV); Pb+2/Pb0(−0.1262 eV)]. Photocatalyst proved to be effective upto 10thcycle. SnO2@CaO nanohybrid might be considered a potential photocatalyst in industries with sustainable approach.
Efficient Microfluidic Screening Method Using a Fluorescent Immunosensor for Recombinant Protein Secretions
Authors: Ito Yoshihiro , Sasaki Ryuichi , Asari Sayaka , Yasuda Takanobu , Ueda Hiroshi , Kitaguchi Tetsuya 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicrobial secretory protein expression is widely used for biopharmaceutical protein production. However, establishing genetically modified industrial strains that secrete large amounts of a protein of interest is time‐consuming. In this study, a simple and versatile high‐throughput screening method for protein‐secreting bacterial strains is developed. Different genotype variants induced by mutagens are encapsulated in microemulsions and cultured to secrete proteins inside the emulsions. The secreted protein of interest is detected as a fluorescence signal by the fluorescent immunosensor quenchbody (Q‐body), and a cell sorter is used to select emulsions containing improved protein‐secreting strains based on the fluorescence intensity. The concept of the screening method is demonstrated by culturing Corynebacterium glutamicum in emulsions and detecting the secreted proteins. Finally, productive strains of fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) are screened, and the FGF9 secretion increased threefold compared to that of parent strain. This screening method can be applied to a wide range of proteins by fusing a small detection tag. This is a highly simple process that requires only the addition of a Q‐body to the medium and does not require the addition of any substrates or chemical treatments. Furthermore, this method shortens the development period of industrial strains for biopharmaceutical protein production.
Guest‐Induced Multilevel Charge Transport Strategy for Developing Metal‐Organic Frameworks to Boost Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhao Yujie , Shao Zhichao , Cui Yang , Geng Kangshuai , Meng Xiangru , Wu Jie , Hou Hongwei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEncapsulating photogenerated charge‐hopping nodes and space transport bridges within metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is a promising method of boosting the photocatalytic performance. Herein, this work embeds electron transfer media (9,10‐bis(4‐pyridyl)anthracene (BPAN)) in MOF cavities to build multi‐level electron transfer paths. The MOF cavities are accurately regulated to investigate the significance of the multi‐level electron transfer paths in the process of CO2 photoreduction by evaluating the difference in the number of guest media. The prepared MOFs, {[Co(BPAN)(1,4‐dicarboxybenzene)(H2O)2]·BPAN·2H2O} and {[Co(BPAN)2(4,4′‐biphenyldicarboxylic acid)2(H2O)2]·2BPAN·2H2O} (denoted as BPAN‐Co‐1 and BPAN‐Co‐2), exhibit efficient visible‐light‐driven CO2 conversion properties. The CO photoreduction efficacy of BPAN‐Co‐2 (5598 µmol g−1 h−1) is superior to that of most reported MOF‐based catalysts. In addition, the enhanced CO2 photoreduction ability is supported by density functional theory (DFT). This work illustrates the feasibility of realizing charge separation characteristics in MOF catalysts at the molecular level, and provides new insight for designing high‐performance MOFs for artificial photosynthesis.
Layered Clay Minerals in Cancer Therapy: Recent Progress and Prospects
Authors: Xie Weimin , Chen Ying , Yang Huaming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCancer is one of the deadliest diseases, and current treatment regimens suffer from limited efficacy, nonspecific toxicity, and chemoresistance. With the advantages of good biocompatibility, large specific surface area, excellent cation exchange capacity, and easy availability, clay minerals have been receiving ever‐increasing interests in cancer treatment. They can act as carriers to reduce the toxic side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, and some of their own properties can kill cancer cells, etc. Compared with other morphologies clays, layered clay minerals (LCM) have attracted more and more attention due to adjustable interlayer spacing, easier ion exchange, and stronger adsorption capacity. In this review, the structure, classification, physicochemical properties, and functionalization methods of LCM are summarized. The state‐of‐the‐art progress of LCM in antitumor therapy is systematically described, with emphasis on the application of montmorillonite, kaolinite, and vermiculite. Furthermore, the property–function relationships of LCM are comprehensively illustrated to reveal the design principles of clay‐based antitumor systems. Finally, foreseeable challenges and outlook in this field are discussed.
Supercritical CO2 Directional‐Assisted Synthesis of Low‐Dimensional Materials for Functional Applications
Authors: Liu Wei , Zheng Xiaoli , Xu Qun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSupercritical CO2 (SC CO2), as one of the unique fluids that possess fascinating properties of gas and liquid, holds great promise in chemical reactions and fabrication of materials. Building special nanostructures via SC CO2 for functional applications has been the focus of intense research for the past two decades, with facile regulated reaction conditions and a particular reaction field to operate compared to the more widely used solvent systems. In this review, the significance of SC CO2 on fabricating various functional materials including modification of 1D carbon nanotubes, 2D materials, and 2D heterostructures is stated. The fundamental aspects involving building special nanostructures via SC CO2 are explored: how their structure, morphology, and chemical composition be affected by the SC CO2. Various optimization strategies are outlined to improve their performances, and recent advances are combined to present a coherent understanding of the mechanism of SC CO2 acting on these functional nanostructures. The wide applications of these special nanostructures in catalysis, biosensing, optoelectronics, microelectronics, and energy transformation are discussed. Moreover, the current status of SC CO2 research, the existing scientific issues, and application challenges, as well as the possible future directions to advance this fertile field are proposed in this review.
Ratio‐Tuning of Silica Aerogel Co‐Hydrolyzed Precursors Enables Broadband, Angle‐Independent, Deformation‐Tolerant, Achieving 99.7% Reflectivity
Authors: Ji Xiaofei , Zha Wusong , Luo Qun , Li Guangyong , Du Yu , Zhang Xuetong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe super‐white body might be defined as its reflectivity exceeding 98% at any angle in the visible light spectrum, which can be used in a variety of emerging fields including optics, energy, environment, aerospace, etc. However, elaborate synthesis of a light‐weight, highly reflective super‐white aerogel body remains a great challenge. In this work, fine‐tuning of silica aerogel co‐hydrolyzed precursor ratios, 99.7% reflectivity with angle‐independence in the visible light spectrum has been successfully achieved when the areal density is only 0.129 g cm−2, which breaks through the theoretical bandwidth limit of photonic crystals as well as the measured reflectivity limit of conventional porous materials. Furthermore, the reflectivity of super‐white silica aerogel remains unchanged after various harsh deformations including compression and bending 1000 times, solar (≈800 W m−2), ultraviolet (≈0.68 W m−2), and humidity (100%) aging for 100 days, liquid nitrogen (−196 °C) and high‐temperature (300 °C) thermal shock 100 times. As proofs of performance, the resulting super‐white silica aerogels have been used as the novel standard white plate for better spectrum calibration, as the flexible projector curtains for optical display, as well as the transmitted light reflective layer in the photovoltaic cell for improving the relative power conversion efficiency of 5.6%.
Defect‐Engineered Mesoporous Undoped Carbon Nanoribbons for Benchmark Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Srinivas Katam , Liu Dawei , Ma Fei , Chen Anran , Zhang Ziheng , Wu Yu , Wu Qi , Chen Yuanfu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor large‐scale fuel cell applications, it is significant to replace expensive Pt‐based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts with nonprecious metal‐ or metal‐free carbon‐based catalysts with high activity. However, it is still challenging to deeply understand the role of intrinsic defects and the origin of ORR activity in pure nanocarbon. Therefore, a novel self‐assembly and a pyrolysis strategy to fabricate defect‐rich mesoporous carbon nanoribbons are presented. Due to the effective regulation of nanoarchitecture, a vast number of defective catalytic sites (edge defects and holes) are exposed, which thereby enhances the electron transfer kinetics and catalytic activity. Such undoped nanoribbons display a large half‐wave potential of 0.837 V, excellent long‐term stability, and exceptional methanol tolerance, surpassing the most undoped ORR catalysts and the commercial Pt/C (20 wt.%) catalyst. Structural characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that the zigzag edge defects and the armchair pentagon at the hole defect are responsible for outstanding ORR performance.
Photoactive and Intrinsically Fuel Sensing Metal–Organic Framework Motors for Tailoring Collective Behaviors of Active‐Passive Colloids
Authors: Ikram Muhammad , Peng Guogan , Hassan Qadeer Ul , Basharat Majid , Li Yurou , Zeb Shah , Gao Yongxiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicroorganisms display nonequilibrium predator–prey behaviors, such as chasing–escaping and schooling via chemotactic interactions. Even though artificial systems have revealed such biomimetic behaviors, switching between them by control over chemotactic interactions is rare. Here, a spindle‐like iron‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) colloidal motor which self‐propels in glucose and H2O2, triggered by UV light is reported. These motors display intrinsic UV light‐triggered fuel‐dependent chemotactic interactions, which are used to tailor the collective dynamics of active‐passive colloidal mixtures. In particular, the mixtures of active MOF motors with passive colloids exhibit distinctive “chasing–escaping” or “schooling” behaviors, depending on glucose or hydrogen peroxide being used as the fuel. The transition in the collective behaviors is attributed to an alteration in the sign of ionic diffusiophoretic interactions, resulting from a change in the ionic clouds produced. This study offers a new strategy on tuning the communication between active and passive colloids, which holds substantial potentials for fundamental research in active matter and practical applications in cargo delivery, chemical sensing, and particle segregation.
Atomic Interface Engineering of Single‐Atom Pt/TiO2‐Ti3C2 for Boosting Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Li Han , Song Qinjun , Wan Sijie , Tung Ching‐Wei , Liu Chengyuan , Pan Yang , Luo GuoQiang , Chen Hao Ming , Cao Shaowen , Yu Jiaguo , Zhang LianMeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSolar‐driven CO2 conversion into valuable fuels is a promising strategy to alleviate the energy and environmental issues. However, inefficient charge separation and transfer greatly limits the photocatalytic CO2 reduction efficiency. Herein, single‐atom Pt anchored on 3D hierarchical TiO2‐Ti3C2 with atomic‐scale interface engineering is successfully synthesized through an in situ transformation and photoreduction method. The in situ growth of TiO2 on Ti3C2 nanosheets can not only provide interfacial driving force for the charge transport, but also create an atomic‐level charge transfer channel for directional electron migration. Moreover, the single‐atom Pt anchored on TiO2 or Ti3C2 can effectively capture the photogenerated electrons through the atomic interfacial PtO bond with shortened charge migration distance, and simultaneously serve as active sites for CO2 adsorption and activation. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the atomic interface engineering of single‐atom Pt and interfacial TiOTi, the optimized photocatalyst exhibits excellent CO2‐to‐CO conversion activity of 20.5 µmol g−1 h−1 with a selectivity of 96%, which is five times that of commercial TiO2 (P25). This work sheds new light on designing ideal atomic‐scale interface and single‐atom catalysts for efficient solar fuel conversation.
Investigations on physical, mechanical, morphological and water absorption properties of ramie/hemp/kevlar reinforced vinyl ester hybrid composites
Authors: Jagadeesh Praveenkumara , Puttegowda Madhu , Thyavihalli Girijappa Yashas Gowda , Shivanna Pradeep , Mavinkere Rangappa Sanjay , Siengchin Suchart 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStructural uses in the vehicle, aerospace, and sporting goods industries are being supplanted by hybrid composites that utilized natural fibers as reinforcements. The main focus of this work is to fabricate and characterize the ramie, hemp, and kevlar fabric reinforced hybrid vinyl ester composites. The composite laminates were fabricated via economically feasible and flexible hand lay‐up technique. Overall six composites were prepared by varying the stacking sequence, including both hybrid and non‐hybrid composites. The prepared composites were subjected to physical analysis (density, void fraction), mechanical tests (tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear, and impact test), morphological analysis (scanning electron microscopy), and water absorption test. The hybrid composites exhibited lesser void percentage than the non‐hybrid composites. The mechanical properties were maximum for kevlar fabric skinned with core natural fabric reinforced composites (L‐5, L‐6) due to hybridization of highly strengthened kevlar fabrics. Moreover, the number fabric layers reinforced to achieve the standard thickness also affected the mechanical properties. All composite morphologies exhibited the same failure characteristics, including transverse interlaminar shear cracking, microbuckling, and fiber rip. The texture of the Kevlar yarns is uniform, but the texture of the natural fabric yarns is relatively less uniform. In comparison to the salt water medium, the percentage of water absorbed by composites in normal and distilled water was greater. This is due to the presence and accumulation of salt particles on the surface of the materials, which inhibits the action of water molecules, resulting in a drop in the proportion.
Magnetic nanomaterials‐mediated neuromodulation
Authors: Lu Xiaofeng , Li Galong , Jiao Wangbo , Li Kuo , Zhang Tingbin , Liu Xiaoli , Fan Haiming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractResearchers have leveraged magnetic nanomaterials (MNMs) to explore neural circuits and treat neurological diseases via an approach known as MNMs‐mediated neuromodulation. Here, the magneto‐responsive effects of MNMs to an external magnetic field are manipulated to activate or inhibit neuronal cell activity. In this way, MNMs can serve as a nano‐mediator, by converting electromagnetic energy into heat, mechanical force/torque, and an electrical field at nanoscale. These physicochemical effects can stimulate ion channels and activate precise signaling pathways involved in neuromodulation. In this review, we outline the various ion channels and MNMs that have been applied to MNMs‐mediated neuromodulation. We highlight the recent advances made in this technique and its potential applications, and then discuss the current challenges and future directions of MNMs‐mediated neuromodulation. Our aim is to reveal the potential of MNMs to treat neurological diseases in the clinical setting.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease
“I Have to be Optimistic”: Professional Fundraising and the Politics of Hope
Authors: Raddon Mary-Beth 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter reflects on the concept of hope as it was constructed through neoliberalism and deployed by the first large cohort of Canadian fundraisers. Beyond the fact that fundraising was a burgeoning career path in the early twenty-first century, fundraising was a “business of hope” in two other senses. First, fundraisers were identified as salespeople, selling the value and virtue of philanthropy for a better future. Second, fundraisers’ optimism was a mode of governance, making philanthropic culture appear desirable as well as inevitable. Fundraisers advised donors to invest hope in the marketplace of charitable institutions even if steeper inequality and eroded democratic institutions followed from the unrelenting, unequal competition in that sector and throughout society.