bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrepancies in Gender Representation Between Integrated and Independent Plastic Surgery Programs
Authors: Woodyard Kiersten C. , Hogan Elise , Dembinski Douglas , Lee Ermina , Effendi Maleeh , Gobble Ryan M. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
Despite increasing female representation in integrated plastic surgery training programs, independent programs have lower representation and slow improvement in female enrollment. Self-reported resident data were used to investigate trends of female representation in integrated and independent programs.

Methods
Data were collected from Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education resources of active residents' characteristics. Self-reported gender data were collected for integrated, independent, and general surgery programs from annual reports since 2009. χ2 analysis was conducted to compare female enrollment of integrated programs, independent programs, general surgery programs, and general surgery programs with matriculation-year adjustment.

Results
In 2008, 89 independent programs had nearly identical percentage of female enrollment with 30 integrated programs at 23.8% and 23.1%, respectively. Differences in representation between independent and integrated programs became significant in 2012, with independent programs demonstrating 25.1% female enrollment compared with 30.5% in integrated programs. This trend of higher female representation in integrated programs has persisted since 2012. To correct for preexisting disparity in general surgery programs, we compared female enrollment of independent programs with female enrollment of that class' general surgery matriculation-year 5 years earlier. In all examined years, general surgery still had proportionally higher female enrollment compared with independent programs, even with conservative 5-year matriculation adjustment.

Conclusions
Dramatic differences in female enrollment were found between integrated and independent programs, with representation in integrated programs rising more quickly. Adjustments for previous rates of female enrollment in general surgery did not yield explanation for low independent program enrollment. Increasing female representation in independent training models will continue to create a more diverse workforce.
Peer Review
Authors: Swanson Eric 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Little information is available regarding how to review a plastic surgery manuscript. This vital responsibility ensures that publications meet an acceptable scientific standard. Thoughtful and thorough reviews are essential to protect patients and surgeons from unscientific practices and products. This discussion provides information for the reviewer, gained from the author's experience, including examples of a thorough review, likely to be useful to the editor, and a cursory one that is unhelpful.
The first consideration is relevance. Prerequisites for publication include institutional review board approval, disclosure of financial conflicts, and discussion of the regulatory status of devices. Particular attention is needed to check for conflicts of interest, which are endemic in plastic surgery today. In view of the common practice of using computer-generated imaging, reviewers need to be especially vigilant for inauthentic “photoshopped” photographs. Examples of published images that have been digitally altered are provided.
If data are available, it may be possible to check the statistical tests. Reviewers need to be aware of the practice of p-hacking. A quick literature search can identify relevant but unreferenced publications. The manuscript needs to be properly organized into sections. Minor points may be made regarding style. The study design and methodology need to be evaluated to be sure that the conclusions are well supported by data. Randomized studies are rarely feasible. Fortunately, well-done prospective observational studies in consecutive patients can be just as useful. Realistic complication rates are expected. Meta-analyses in plastic surgery are often subject to confounding variables. Comments should be available to the authors; confidential comments hidden from authors are discouraged. Like honesty, transparency is the best policy. Manuscripts should be evaluated solely for merit, not the identity of the author or institution. Timeliness of submission of the review is appreciated by authors.
Evidence-based medicine is concerned solely with the facts. The 2 basic criteria are a solid scientific basis and reliable evidence of efficacy. Reviewers need to keep an open mind. Studies that challenge the status quo are often the most valuable ones and are needed for the advancement of the specialty.
CCDC15 localizes to the centriole inner scaffold and regulates centriole integrity and ciliogenesis
Authors: Arslanhan Melis D. , Steib Emmanuelle , Hamel Virginie , Guichard Paul , Firat-Karalar Elif Nur 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCentrioles are evolutionarily conserved microtubule-based organelles critical to form centrosomes and cilia, which act as microtubule-organizing, signaling and motility centers. Biogenesis and maintenance of centrioles with proper number, size and architecture are crucial for their functions during development and physiology. Consequently, their deregulation causes developmental disorders and cancer. Although centriole number control has been extensively studied, less is known about how centrioles are maintained as stable structures with conserved size and architecture over successive cell divisions and upon ciliary and flagellar motility. Here, we addressed this question by identifying and characterizing new components of the centriole inner scaffold, a recently discovered centriolar sub-compartment critical for centriole size control and integrity. To this end, we generated proximity interactomes of Centrin-2 and POC5 and used them to define CCDC15 as a new centriolar protein that co-localizes and interacts with known inner scaffold proteins. Ultrastructure expansion microscopy analysis of CCDC15-depleted cells revealed its functions in centriole length control and integrity, resulting in defective ciliogenesis and Hedgehog signaling. Loss-of-function experiments also defined CCDC15 as a dual regulator for the recruitment of the inner scaffold protein POC1B and the distal SFI1/Centrin complex to the centrioles. Together, our findings uncovered new players and mechanisms of centriole architectural integrity and thereby, provide insights into diseases linked to centriolar defects.
SiHDA9 interacts with SiHAT3.1 and SiHDA19 to repress dehydration responses through H3K9 deacetylation in foxtail millet
Authors: Kumar Verandra , Singh Babita , Sharma Namisha , Muthamilarasan Mehanathan , Sawant Samir V. , Prasad Manoj 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDrought stress affects the growth and productivity of plants, where C4plants can advantageously perceive and respond to the stress for their survival and reproduction. Epigenetic modifications play a prominent role in conferring drought tolerance in C4plants; however, the molecular links between histone modifiers and their regulation are unclear. In the present study, we performed a genome-wide H3K9ac enrichment in foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and analyzed their role in regulating the expression of drought-responsive genes. The presence of H3K9ac on these genes were identified through the comparative analysis of dehydration tolerant (cv. IC4) and sensitive (IC41) cultivars of foxtail millet. A histone deacetylase,SiHDA9, showed significant upregulation in the sensitive cultivar during dehydration stress.SiHDA9overexpression inArabidopsis thalianaconferred higher sensitivity to dehydration/drought stress than WT plants. We found that SiHDA9 physically interacts with SiHAT3.1 and SiHDA19. This complex is recruited through the SiHAT3.1 recognition sequence on the upstream of drought-responsive genes (SiRAB18, SiRAP2.4, SiP5CS2, SiRD22, SiPIP1;4, andSiLHCB2.3) to decrease H3K9 acetylation levels. The modulations in H3K9ac levels cause repression of gene expression and induce drought-sensitivity in the sensitive cultivar. Overall, the study provides mechanistic insights into SiHDA9-mediated regulation of drought stress response in foxtail millet.
Distinct roles of spinal commissural interneurons in transmission of contralateral sensory information
Authors: Laflamme Olivier D. , Markin Sergey N. , Banks Rachel , Zhang Ying , Danner Simon M. , Akay Turgay 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCrossed reflexes (CR) are mediated by commissural pathways transmitting sensory information to the contralateral side of the body, but the underlying network is not fully understood. Commissural pathways coordinating the activities of spinal locomotor circuits during locomotion have been characterized in mice, but their relationship to CR is unknown. We show the involvement of two genetically distinct groups of commissural interneurons (CINs) described in mice, V0 and V3 CINs, in the CR pathways. Our data suggest that the exclusively excitatory V3 CINs are directly involved in the excitatory CR, and show that they are essential for the inhibitory CR. In contrast, the V0 CINs, a population that includes excitatory and inhibitory CINs, are not directly involved in excitatory or inhibitory CRs but down-regulate the inhibitory CR. Our data provide insights into the spinal circuitry underlying CR in mice, describing the roles of V0 and V3 CINs in CR.
A cell-type-specific multi-protein complex regulates expression of Cyclin B protein inDrosophilamale meiotic prophase
Authors: Baker Catherine C. , Gallicchio Lorenzo , Parsanian Lucineh , Taing Emily , Tam Cheuk , Fuller Margaret T. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTDuring meiosis, germ cell and stage-specific components impose additional layers of regulation on the core cell cycle machinery to set up an extended G2 period termed meiotic prophase. InDrosophilamales, meiotic prophase lasts 3.5 days, during which spermatocytes turn up expression of over 3000 genes and grow 25-fold in volume. Previous work showed that the core cell cycle regulator Cyclin B (CycB) is subject to translational repression in immatureDrosophilaspermatocytes, mediated by the RNA-binding protein Rbp4 and its partner Fest. Here we show that another spermatocyte-specific protein, Lut, is required for translational repression ofcycBin an 8-hour window just before spermatocytes are fully mature. In males mutant forrbp4orlut, spermatocytes enter and exit the meiotic divisions 6-8 hours earlier than in wild-type. In addition, we show that spermatocyte-specific isoforms of Syncrip (Syp) are required for expression of CycB protein and normal entry into the meiotic divisions. Both Lut and Syp interact with Fest in an RNA-independent manner. Thus a complex of spermatocyte-specific regulators choreograph the timing of expression of CycB protein during male meiotic prophase.SUMMARY STATEMENTExpression of a conserved cell cycle component, Cyclin B, is regulated by multiple mechanisms in theDrosophilamale germline to dictate the correct timing of meiotic division.
Interpersonal early adversity demonstrates dissimilarity from early socioeconomic disadvantage in the course of human brain development: A meta-analysis
Authors: Vannucci Anna , Fields Andrea , Hansen Eleanor , Katz Ariel , Kerwin John , Tachida Ayumi , Martin Nathan , Tottenham Nim 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIt has been established that early-life adversity impacts brain development, but the role of development itself has largely been ignored. We take a developmentally-sensitive approach to examine the neurodevelopmental sequelae of early adversity in a preregistered meta-analysis of 27,234 youth (birth to 18-years-old), providing the largest group of adversity-exposed youth to date. Findings demonstrate that early-life adversity does not have an ontogenetically uniform impact on brain volumes, but instead exhibits age-, experience-, and region-specific associations. Relative to non-exposed comparisons, interpersonal early adversity (e.g., family-based maltreatment) was associated with initially larger volumes in frontolimbic regions until ~10-years-old, after which these exposures were linked to increasingly smaller volumes. By contrast, socioeconomic disadvantage (e.g., poverty) was associated with smaller volumes in temporal-limbic regions in childhood, which were attenuated at older ages. These findings advance ongoing debates regarding why, when, and how early-life adversity shapes later neural outcomes.
Suggested role of NosZ in preventing N2O inhibition of dissimilatory nitrite reduction to ammonium
Authors: Yoon Sojung , Heo Hokwan , Han Heejoo , Song Dong-Uk , Bakken Lars R. , Frostegård Åsa , Yoon Sukhwan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractClimate change and nutrient pollution are among the most urgent environmental issues. Enhancing the abundance and/or the activity of beneficial organisms is an attractive strategy to counteract these problems. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), which theoretically improves nitrogen retention in soils, has been suggested as a microbial process that may be harnessed, especially since many DNRA-catalyzing organisms have been found to possess clade IInosZgenes and the ability to respire N2O. However, the selective advantages that may favor thesenosZ-harboring DNRA-catalyzing organisms is not well understood. Here, the effect of N2O on Nrf-mediated DNRA was examined in a recently isolated soil bacterium,Bacillussp. DNRA2, possessing bothnrfAandnosZgenes. The DNRA metabolism of this bacterium was observed in the presence of C2H2, a NosZ inhibitor, with or without N2O, and the results were compared with C2H2-free controls. Cultures were also exposed to repeated oxic-anoxic transitions in the sustained presence of N2O. The NO2−-to-NH4+reduction following oxic-to-anoxic transition was significantly delayed in NosZ-inhibited C2H2-amended cultures, and the inhibition was more pronounced with repeated oxic-anoxic transitions. The possible involvement of C2H2was dismissed since the cultures continuously flushed with C2H2/N2mixed gas after initial oxic incubation did not exhibit a similar delay in DNRA progression as that observed in the culture flushed with N2O-containing gas. The findings provide novel ecological and evolutionary insights into the oft-observed presence ofnosZgenes in DNRA-catalyzing microorganisms.ImportanceDissimilatory nitrate/nitrite reduction to ammonium (DNRA) is a microbial energy-conserving process that reduces NO3−and/or NO2−to NH4+. Interestingly, many DNRA-catalyzing microorganisms possessingnrfAgenes harbornosZgenes encoding nitrous oxide reductases, i.e., the only group of enzymes capable of removing the potent greenhouse gas N2O. Here, through a series of physiological experiments examining DNRA metabolism in one of such microorganisms,Bacillussp. DNRA2, we have discovered that N2O may delay transition to DNRA upon an oxic-to-anoxic transition, unless timely removed by the nitrous oxide reductases. These observations suggest a novel explanation as to why somenrfA-possessing microorganisms have retainednosZgenes that had probably been acquired via horizontal gene transfers: to remove N2O that may otherwise interfere with the transition from O2respiration to DNRA.
Rapidly Adaptable Multiplexed Yeast Surface Display Serological Assay for Immune Escape Screening of SARS-CoV-2 Variants
Authors: Lopez-Morales Joanan , Vanella Rosario , Utzinger Tamara , Schittny Valentin , Hirsiger Julia , Osthoff Michael , Berger Christoph , Guri Yakir , Nash Michael A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith numerous variations in the Spike protein, including concentrated mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD), the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant significantly shifted in the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic. To understand individual patient risk profiles in the face of rapidly emerging variants, there is an interest in sensitive serological tests capable of analyzing patient IgG response to multiple variants in parallel. Here, we present a serological test based on yeast surface display and serum biopanning that characterizes immune profiles against SARS-CoV-2 RBD variants. We used this yeast-based multi-variant serology method to examine IgG titers from 30 serum samples derived from COVID-19-convalescent and vaccinated individuals in Switzerland and assessed the relative affinity of polyclonal serum IgG for Wuhan (B lineage), Delta (B.1.617.2 lineage), and Omicron (B.1.1.529 lineage) RBD domains. We validated and benchmarked our system against a commercial lateral flow assay and showed strong concordance. Our assay demonstrates that serum IgGs from patients recovered from severe COVID-19 between March-June 2021 bound tightly to both original Wuhan and Delta RBD variants, but became indistinguishable from background when assayed against Omicron, representing an affinity loss of >10-20 fold. Our yeast immunoassay is easily tailored and parallelized with newly emerging RBD variants.
Measuring Stigma Associated with Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Sierra Leone: Validation of an Abridged Berger HIV Stigma Scale
Authors: Yendewa George A. , Sellu Edmond J. , Kpaka Rashid A. , James Peter B. , Yendewa Sahr A. , Cummings Peterlyn E. , Babawo Lawrence M. , Massaquoi Samuel P. , Ghazawi Manal , Ocama Ponsiano , Lakoh Sulaiman , Babawo Lawrence S. , Salata Robert A. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTStigma associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is common in endemic countries; however; instruments are lacking to accurately measure HBV-related stigma. We therefore aimed to develop and validate a concise instrument for measuring perceived HBV-related stigma in Sierra Leone. We enrolled 220 people living with HBV (PWHB) aged ≥ 18 years from August to November 2022. The initial Likert-scale instrument entailed 12 items adapted from Berger’s HIV Stigma Scale. We included 4 additional items adapted from the USAID indicators for enacted stigma. The proposed scale’s psychometric properties were assessed. After item reduction, the final HBV Stigma Scale consisted of 10 items and had good internal consistency (overall Cronbach’s α = 0.74), discriminant and construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis produced a 3-dimensional structure accounting for 59.3% of variance: personalized stigma driven by public attitudes (6 items), negative self-image (2 items), and disclosure concerns (2 items). Overall, 72.8% of respondents reported perceived HBV stigma (mean score 29.11 ± 4.14) and a similar a proportion (73.6%) reported at least one instance of enacted stigma. In assessing criterion-related validity, perceived HBV-related stigma correlated strongly with enacted stigma (r = 0.556) and inversely with having family/friends with HBV (r = -0.059). The 10-item HBV Stigma Scale demonstrated good internal consistency and validity and is suitable for screening for HBV-related stigma in Sierra Leone. The psychometric properties of the scale can be optimized with item additions/modifications and confirmatory factor analysis. The scale may help in combating stigma as a barrier to achieving HBV global elimination goals.
The value of fetal placental ratio and placental efficiency in term human pregnancy and complications
Authors: Zhang Peilin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundFetal birth weight and placental weight have been extensively studied and used for clinical assessment of fetal development and maternal health. The ratio of fetal and placental weight as a tool for clinical use in human pregnancy is less studied. We compared the fetal birth weight, placental weight and fetal placental ratio in term pregnancy to see if fetal and placental ratio is useful in assessment of maternal health and pregnancy complication as well as fetal growth and development in singleton pregnancy.Material and methodsWe have collected the fetal birth data, maternal pregnancy data and placental pathology data from March 2000 to November 2021 in a single urban hospital. We compared the fetal birth weight, placental weight and fetal placental ratio in assessment of fetal growth, maternal pregnancy complications, and placental pathology with special emphasis on the role of fetal placental ratio.ResultsA total 3302 pairs of neonates and placentas from term singleton pregnancy were reviewed and fetal birth weight and placental weight were moderately correlated with Pearman’s correlation coefficiency R=0.66. Fetal placental ratio as a proxy of placental efficiency was significantly associated with various pregnancy complications and placental pathology, and these associations were different from those of fetal birth weight or placental weight alone. High placental efficiency (90 percentile or greater) was associated with ethnic White, SARS-CoV2 status, category 2 fetal heart tracing and maternal inflammatory response in placenta while low placental efficiency (less than 10 percentile) was associated with ethnic Black, Asian and Hispanic, preeclampsia/pregnancy induced hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus.ConclusionFetal placental ratio was shown to be a useful indicator different from fetal birth weight and placental weight alone. Maternal and environmental factors were shown to have differential effects on fetal and placental growth. Understanding the mechanism of differential fetal and placental growth will help better manage the clinical relevant conditions such as IUGR and macrosomia.
Deep-body feelings: ingestible pills reveal gastric correlates of emotions
Authors: Porciello Giuseppina , Monti Alessandro , Panasiti Maria Serena , Aglioti Salvatore Maria 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough it is generally held that gastro-intestinal (GI) signals are related to emotions, direct evidence for such a link is currently lacking. One of the reasons why the internal milieu of the GI system is poorly investigated is because visceral organs are difficult to access and monitor. To directly measure the influence of endoluminal markers of GI activity on the emotional experience, we asked a group of healthy male participants to ingest a pill that measured pH, pressure, and temperature of their GI tract while they watched video-clips that consistently induced disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, or a control neutral state. In addition to the objective physiological markers of GI activity, subjective ratings of perceived emotions and visceral (i.e. gastric, respiratory and cardiac) sensations were recorded. We found that when participants observed fearful and disgusting video-clips, they reported to perceive not only cardiac and respiratory sensations but also gastric sensations, such as nausea. Moreover, we found that there was a clear relation between the physiology of the stomach and the perceived emotions. Specifically, when disgusting video-clips were displayed, the more acidic the pH, the more participants reported feelings of disgust and fear; the less acidic the pH, the more they reported happiness. Our findings suggest that gastric signals contribute to unique emotional states and that ingestible pills may open new avenues for exploring the deep-body physiology of emotions.