bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From metabolism to disease: the biological roles of glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT)
Authors: Oliveira Isadora de Araújo , Lucena Daniela Maria dos Santos , Rodrigues Bruno da Costa , Maller Victória Trindade , Nunes da Fonseca Rodrigo , Allonso Diego , Todeschini Adriane Regina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), an important route for de novo synthesis of amino sugars, which are key components of prokaryotic cell walls, chitin, and complex eukaryotic glycoconjugates. GFAT also plays a major role in several pathological processes, including cancer and diabetes. It has been 60 years since GFAT was first characterized. During this time, the knowledge about the enzyme’s mechanisms and biological relevance has increased considerably. We take the anniversary of GFAT’s discovery as an opportunity to discuss the role of GFAT in both health and disease and explore its biotechnological potential as a target for antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy.
Bioconvective gyrotactic microorganisms in third-grade nanofluid flow over a Riga surface with stratification: An approach to entropy minimization
Authors: Loganathan Karuppusamy , Jain Reema , Eswaramoorthi S. , Abbas Mohamed , Alqahtani Mohammed S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Interest in the thermal effects of nanofluid (NF) has increased recently due to the use of nanocomposites to magnify the thermal conductivity of conventional liquids and so boost the heat transit phenomena. Based on this fundamental concept, the current study inspects the thermal advanced third-grade fluid flow with nanocomposites with an extended surface and the inclusion of stratification, non-Fourier heat flux, mass flux, and radiation. Buongiorno’s NF model is employed to observe the thermophoresis and Brownian motion properties. The gyrotactic microorganisms, which are connected to the bioconvection phenomenon that intrigues most, are also considered to be present in the nanoparticles. The governing models are composed of partial differential equations; thereafter, the relevant transformations are applied to these equations to convert the structure into an ordinary differential model. These resultant models are solved by implementing the homotopy analysis method. It is explained in detail how the pertinent parameters are affecting the motion, temperature of fluid, nanocomposite volume, dynamic microbe density, skin friction rates, local Nusselt, and local Sherwood numbers. Applications for the flow of nanoparticles carrying gyrotactic microorganisms include enzyme biosensors, microfluidic devices, microbial fuel cells, and biotechnology.
Examining the views of student midwives and nurses on biochemistry education
Authors: Tahiroğlu Veysel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study is to determine the opinions of midwives and nurses about the efficiency and effectiveness of the biochemistry courses they took during their undergraduate education, in the education process and in their fields of study.

Methods
Two hundred eighty-four students studying in the department of midwifery and nursing (1–4 classes) participated in this research voluntarily. A questionnaire consisting of 10 multiple-choice questions compiled by the authors with the support of the sociodemographic data form, including age, gender, type of lycee school graduated, and the department they studied, and the literature on biochemistry education were applied to the students.

Results
The mean age of the students was 21.25 ± 0.12. 58.2 % of midwifery department students and 69.1 % of nursing department students reported that biochemistry education is necessary. 64.1 % of midwifery department students and 59.7 % of nursing department students stated that they thought that the biochemistry application course should be absolutely necessary. There was a significant difference between nursing and midwifery students in favor of nursing students in terms of finding the biochemistry course interesting and loving the biochemistry course. A significant difference was found between the two groups in favor of midwifery students in terms of their desire to pursue postgraduate education in biochemistry and to increase biochemistry course hours (p<0.05).

Conclusions
It is thought that the results of this study, which include students’ opinions, will contribute to the efficiency of biochemistry education and help the lecturer provide a new perspective.
Mean platelet volume, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio and early post-operative anesthesia complications
Authors: Altınbaş Ali , Bulut Azime 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to establish the relationship between pre-operatively measured mean platelet volume (MPV), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) values and early anesthetic complications like bronchospasm & laryngospasm and hypotension in patients undergoing adenotonsillar surgery and non-adenotonsillar surgeries in both pediatric and adult population.

Methods
Patients from both sexes aged 1–63 years, and the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical status I–II were included in the study with elective adenotonsillectomy and non-adenotonsillar surgeries.

Results
In total, we included 330 patients in our study. The respiratory complications observed significantly more frequent in pediatric adenotonsillar surgery group (p=0.001). When the post-operative complications were compared with the MPV, NLR and PLR values, it was observed that the MPV values were significantly higher in patients who had hypotension (p=0.01) and PLR values were significantly higher in pediatric adenotonsillectomy group who developed bronchospasm and laryngospasm. There was no relationship between other complications and the laboratory values of the groups.

Conclusions
In the study, we found that PLR values were significantly high in the pediatric patients having hypoxia who underwent adenotonsillectomy. MPV values were significantly high in the patients who had hypotension in the early post-operative period. Based on these findings, it has been suggested that pre-operative PLR value can be a predicting guide for bronchospasm, laryngospasm. On the other hand, MPV values can be used as a guide in terms of predicting hypotension.
Numerical investigation of tip clearance flow in a variable geometry turbine with non-uniform partial clearance
Authors: Liu Yueqi , Chen Shaowen , Wang Songtao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In variable geometry turbine vanes, tip clearance height and shape vary with the rotation of the vane, which affect the aerodynamic performance significantly. However, these issues are rarely considered in published studies. The current paper investigated the flow field features of transonic variable geometry turbine vanes with non-uniform partial clearance induced by the vane rotating. The results show that: The influence of guide vane rotation on the clearance height and its distribution cannot be ignored. At the same turning angle, the maximum clearance difference is up to 0.79 mm (0.8 % vane height). The height and shape variation of the non-uniform clearance leads to the change in the leakage flow rate, secondary flow structure, and aerodynamic loss of the variable guide vane. Under the combined effect of pressure difference on both sides of the clearance, axial and circumferential non-uniformity of clearance height, the total pressure loss coefficient is up to 9.44 % when the turning angle is −10°. The effect of the pivot on the clearance flow was also analyzed. The pivot increases the pressure in the gap flow field and reduces leakage flow velocity. However, a backflow region appears at the suction side of the pivot, which increases the aerodynamic losses.
Synthesis, crystal growth and supramolecular chemistry of 4-dimethylaminopyridinium salts of benzoates and a phenolate ion
Authors: Ullah Ijaz , Khan Ezzat , Zhang Zhangjing , Xiang Shengchang , Chen Chao , Li Li 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Seven novel molecular salts were synthesized from the commonly available 4-dimethylaminopyridine organic base and benzoic acid derivatives contain additional functional groups. Benzoic acids with additional hydroxyl, nitro, amino, and bromo functional groups, were successfully employed and investigated their role in non-covalent interactions within the supramolecular chemistry of heterosynthons solid-state architecture. The collection of all 4-dimethylamopyrinium salts of benzoates and phenolate was accomplished through the utilization of conventional solvent evaporation technique. The resulting molecular salts were afforded by deprotonation of the acidic moiety such as COOH, or OH to the ring N of 4-dimethylaminopyridine, establishing a strong charged-assisted hydrogen bond between the deprotonated group (benzoate or phenolate) and protonated ring N. The structure of compounds was fully elucidated by single X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, 1H NMR, FT-IR, and thermogravimetric analysis. The crystal packing is interpreted by the strong charge-assisted N–H⋯O hydrogen bond between the NH+ and the corresponding deprotonated group and O–H⋯O, N–H⋯N hydrogen bonding. The analysis concluded that C–H⋯O, CH3⋯O, C–H⋯π, CH3⋯π, π–π, C–H⋯Br, and CH3⋯Br contacts contribute significantly to stabilizing and expanding the high-dimensionality (2D–3D framework) of the structures. The structures were thoroughly explored for their various bonding and nonbonding interactions, as well as their supramolecular chemistry in detail. The antimicrobial activities of all compounds were evaluated using the Oxford cup method.
Transient Oscillations of Neural Firing Rate Associated With Routing of Evidence in a Perceptual Decision
Authors: Odean Naomi N. , Sanayei Mehdi , Shadlen Michael N. 
Published: August 2023

To form a perceptual decision, the brain must acquire samples of evidence from the environment and incorporate them in computations that mediate choice behavior. While much is known about the neural circuits that process sensory information and those that form decisions, less is known about the mechanisms that establish the functional linkage between them. We trained monkeys of both sexes to make difficult decisions about the net direction of visual motion under conditions that required trial-by-trial control of functional connectivity. In one condition, the motion appeared at different locations on different trials. In the other, two motion patches appeared, only one of which was informative. Neurons in the parietal cortex produced brief oscillations in their firing rate at the time routing was established: upon onset of the motion display when its location was unpredictable across trials, and upon onset of an attention cue that indicated in which of two locations an informative patch of dots would appear. The oscillation was absent when the stimulus location was fixed across trials. We interpret the oscillation as a manifestation of the mechanism that establishes the source and destination of flexibly routed information, but not the transmission of the informationper se.Significance StatementIt has often been suggested that oscillations in neural activity might serve a role in routing information appropriately. We observe an oscillation in neural firing rate in the lateral intraparietal area consistent with such a role. The oscillations are transient. They coincide with the establishment of routing, but they do not appear to play a role in the transmission (or conveyance) of the routed information itself.
Circadian clock disruption in autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: Fu Jinrong , Fan Zihao , He Liang , Liu Qian , Liu He , Li Yushu , Guan Haixia 
Published: August 2023

Objective
A vicious cycle between circadian disruption and escalating immune responses has been described in diverse inflammatory disease. The current study aimed to explore the role of circadian clock disruption in autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT).

Methods
Thirty AIT patients and 30 controls were enrolled and biopsied for thyroid tissues. Alterations of core clock genes expression in AIT thyroid tissues, and its association with serum and tissue inflammatory biomarkers were assessed. For animal studies, C57BL/6J mice administered with porcine thyroglobulin or PBS (as control) combined with adjuvants were sacrificed at four time points to investigate the circadian characteristic of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT). Light shift (LS) conditions were used to explore the influence of external circadian disturbance on EAT.

Results
The expression of clock genes BMAL1 and PER2 was significantly reduced in thyroid tissues from AIT patients and was negatively correlated to levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies. In mouse models, diurnal fluctuations of proinflammatory cytokines were demonstrated, and further exposing mice to LS led to overproduction of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies. Circadian analysis revealed significant oscillations of Bmal1, Clock, Per2, Cry1, Ror, and Rev-erb, which was broadly disturbed in EAT, LS, and EAT + LS groups.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that expression pattern of clock genes was disrupted in AIT thyroid, and chronic circadian disruption may aggravate the inflammatory responses in AIT. Whether maintaining a regular circadian rhythm can alleviate autoimmune thyroid diseases warrants further research.
Impact of Clinical Guidelines on Hospital Utilization in Children With Croup
Authors: Lefchak Brian , Nickel Amanda , Lammers Shea , Watson Dave , Hester Gabrielle Z. , Bergmann Kelly R. 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVES
To assess the impact of croup guidelines on healthcare utilization and association between guideline-recommended racemic epinephrine (RE) treatments and admission.

METHODS
Cross-sectional study of children ≥3 months to ≤8 years with croup diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision) from 38 hospitals within the Pediatric Health Information System between January 1, 2019 and June 30, 2022. Guidelines were categorized by minimum number of RE treatments recommended before admission. Exclusion criteria included complex chronic or croup mimicking conditions, alternate respiratory diagnoses, and direct admissions or transfers. Primary outcomes were admission rates and standardized costs. Outcomes were compared by guideline availability and different admission thresholds. Mixed effects regression was adjusted for age, sex, race, payer, previous croup encounters, and year.

RESULTS
Twenty hospitals (52.6%) had guidelines. Fourteen recommended 2 RE treatments and 3 recommended 3 RE treatment before admission. Among 121 284 croup encounters, overall mean admission rate was 5.7% (range 0.6% to 18.5%). Hospitals with guidelines demonstrated lower unadjusted admission rate (4.6% vs 6.6%; mean difference −2.0, 95% confidence interval −2.3 to −1.7) and higher costs ($704 vs $651; mean difference 53, 95% confidence interval 43 to 63) compared with hospitals without guidelines. Hospitals with guidelines recommending 3 RE treatments demonstrated similar unadjusted mean admission rate (5.1%) and lower costs ($658 vs $713) compared with hospitals with guidelines recommending 2 RE treatments. After adjustment, all above-mentioned differences were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS
Many children’s hospitals lack guidelines for croup. Admission rates and costs were not significantly different between hospitals with or without guidelines after adjusting for confounders.
Variation in Organizational Clinical Practice Guidelines for Croup
Authors: Bergmann Kelly R. , Lefchak Brian , Nickel Amanda , Lammers Shea , Watson Dave , Hester Gabrielle Z. 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND
Croup is one of the most common respiratory complaints in pediatric emergency departments (EDs), yet little is known about clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for this condition.

OBJECTIVES
To describe variation in CPGs across US children’s hospitals.

METHODS
We describe the prevalence and features of CPGs among hospitals that submit data to the Pediatric Health Information System. Each hospital was contacted between January 10, 2022, and April 25, 2022, for their most recent croup CPG and any revisions. Characteristics reported were based on the most recent CPG revision. Characteristics included treatment recommendations, utilization measures, ED observation times, and admission criteria. Interrater reliability between reviewers was reported as percentage agreement.

RESULTS
Thirty-eight hospitals (79.2%) responded to our query, of which 20 (52.6%) had croup CPGs. Interrater reliability was moderate–high for categorizing the indication for racemic epinephrine (RE) (19 of 20; 95%), the minimum number of RE doses recommended before admission (15 of 20; 75%), and ED observation time (19 of 20; 95%), and was 100% for all other characteristics. Three CPGs (15.0%) recommended 1 RE dose, 14 (70.0%) recommended 2 RE doses, and 3 (15.0%) recommended 3 RE doses before hospital admission. Thirteen (65%) CPGs recommended RE for stridor at rest, whereas 7 (30%) recommended RE for any degree of stridor. Fourteen (70%) CPGs recommended an ED observation time &lt;2 hours, 3 (15%) recommended 2 to 4 hours, and 2 (10%) recommended &gt;4 hours. Few CPGs (15%) recommended use of standardized croup clinical scores.

CONCLUSIONS
Substantial variation exists among croup CPGs. Our results may inform future efforts to standardize croup CPGs across centers.
Prediyabetli hastalarda Egzersiz Yarar/Engel Ölçeği Türkçe versiyonunun güvenirliği ve geçerliliği
Authors: ORTABAĞ Tülay , ÖZTÜRK Melek 
Published: August 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı prediyabet hastalarına uygulanan Egzersiz Yarar/Engel Ölçeği’nin geçerlik-güvenirlik çalışmasını yapmaktır.
Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini 240 prediyabet hastası oluşturdu. (%64.6 kadın ve %35.4 erkek). Metadolojik tipte tasarlanan çalışmada ölçeğin geçerlik çalışması için yapı geçerliğine (açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri) bakıldı. Güvenirlik için zamana karşı değişmezlik (test-tekrar test analizi pearson korelasyonu, t testi), madde analizi (madde toplam puan korelasyonu), iç tutarlık (Cronbach Alfa güvenirlik katsayısı) yöntemleri kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ölçeğin iki alt boyutlu yapıda olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin açıklanan toplam varyansın %54.931, yarar alt boyutu için %43.499, engel alt boyutu için %10.780 olduğu Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı prediyabet hastalarında Egzersiz Yarar/Engel Ölçeğinin Türkçe güvenirlik ve geçerlilik çalışmasını yapmaktı.
Yöntem: Metodolojik tipte tasarlanan çalışmada örneklemi 240 prediyabet hastası oluşturdu. Egzersiz Yarar/Engel Ölçeği’nin geçerlik çalışması için yapı geçerliği (açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri), güvenirlik için zamana karşı değişmezlik (test-tekrar test analizi, Pearson korelasyonu), madde analizi (madde toplam puan korelasyonu), iç tutarlık (Cronbach Alfa güvenirlik katsayısı) yöntemleri kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ölçeğin iki alt boyutlu yapıda olduğu belirlendi. Ölçeğin açıklanan toplam varyansı %54,931 olarak saptandı. Güvenirlik çalışması sonucunda ölçeğin yarar alt boyut ölçeği Cronbach α katsayısı 0,980, engel alt boyutunda 0,802 olup ölçek toplam Cronbach α katsayısı 0,960 bulundu. Test-tekrar test güvenirliği değerlendirmesine göre yarar alt boyutu ölçeği ve engel alt boyutu ölçeğinin arasında yüksek düzeyde, pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı ilişki olduğu saptandı (yarar alt boyut r=0,980, p
The influence of microstructural orientation on fracture toughness in (V, Al)N and (V, Al)(O, N) coatings as measured by microcantilever bending
Authors: Schoof Markus R. , Karimi Aghda S. , Kusche C. F. , Hans M. , Schneider J. M. , Korte-Kerzel S. , Gibson J. S. K.-L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSince protective transition metal (oxy)nitride coatings are widely used, understanding of the mechanisms linking microstructure to their fracture behaviour is required to optimise wear resistance, while maintaining fracture toughness. To assess this interconnection, beam bending was performed using microcantilevers oriented parallel and at 90° to the growth direction. Furthermore, the tests were applied to favour normal bending and shear fracture. Coatings were synthesised by both direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) as well as high power pulsed magnetron sputtering (HPPMS). Here, we show that the fracture toughness depends on the alignment of the grains and loading directions. Furthermore, an improved fracture toughness was found in coatings produced by HPPMS, when microstructural defects, such as underdense regions in DCMS deposited coatings can be excluded. We propose indices based on fracture and mechanical properties to rank those coatings. Here, the HPPMS deposited oxynitride showed the best combination of mechanical properties and fracture toughness.
Graphical abstract
Principle of measuring the effects of microstructure and process route on the fracture toughness via microcantilever bending.
Prognostic significance of atypical/hybrid forms of EpCAM+CD45+ cells in the blood of patients with endometrial cancer
Authors: Kaigorodova E. V. , Zavaruev I. S. , Chernyshova A. L. , Grishchenko M. Yu. 
Published: August 2023

Background. Endometrial cancer occupies a leading position in the structure of oncogynecological pathology. According to modern literature, circulating tumor cells, which represent a heterogeneous population, participate in the processes of recurrence and metastasis. Moreover, tumor cells can form hybrid forms with blood cells, increasing their malignancy.Aim. To conduct a comparative characterization of the features of the occurrence of atypical/hybrid forms of EpCAM+CD45+ cells in the blood of patients with endometrial cancer before and after surgery, and to assess their prognostic significance.Material and methods. The prospective study NCT04817501 included 55 patients with newly diagnosed T1a-2N0M0 stage endometrial cancer, average age 57.8 ± 1.7 years, who were admitted for treatment at the Research Institute of Oncology, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences and/or Tomsk Regional Oncological Dispensary. At the same time, metastases and cancer recurrences were found in 11 patients out of 55 patients after 4–5 years of follow-up after treatment. The material for the study was stabilized EDTA venous blood taken from patients before surgical treatment of the tumor and on the third day after treatment. The presence of atypical/hybrid forms of EpCAM+CD45+ cells in blood serum was determined by multicolored flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies to CD45 and EpCAM molecules labeled with various fluorochromes.Results. When comparing the frequency of occurrence of atypical/hybrid EpCAM+CD45+ cells in patients with endometrial cancer before surgery and on the third day after surgery, no differences were found. Comparing the frequency of occurrence of atypical/hybrid forms of EpCAM+CD45+ cells in patients with endometrial cancer with hematogenous metastases and relapses and in patients with endometrial cancer without hematogenous metastases and relapses, it was found that in the blood of patients with endometrial cancer before surgery, with developed hematogenous metastases and relapses after treatment, EpCAM+CD45+ cells are more common (p = 0.03). It was found that the concentration of EpCAM+CD45+ cells in patients with established relapses and metastases of 125 (120;387) cells/ml is higher (p = 0.022) than in patients without these complications of 30 (0;220) cells/ml. During the ROC analysis, it was found that the best cut-off point for the model is the value of 80 cells/ml. The sensitivity of the model is 81.8 %, the specificity is 67.7 %. The indicator of the area under the ROC curve was 0.733.Conclusion. The number of atypical/hybrid forms of EpCAM+CD45+ cells before treatment is associated with the risk of relapses and hematogenous metastases in patients with endometrial cancer.