bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of comprehensive knowledge on mother-to-child transmission of HIV and its prevention among childbearing women in Rwanda: insights from the 2020 Rwandan Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Deynu Michael , Nutor Jerry John 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Maternal knowledge on mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) and its prevention has been identified to enhance maternal testing and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen. Examining prevalence and associated factors on MTCT and its prevention among women provides empirical evidence for design and implementation of health strategies aimed at increasing MTCT knowledge and its elimination. This study therefore examined women’s comprehensive knowledge and associated factors on MTCT and its prevention among childbearing women in Rwanda.

Methods
Analysis was conducted on a weighted sample of 14,634 women from the 2020 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS). Dataset cleaning and missing value analysis was conducted. Chi square, bivariate and multivariable regression was then conducted in complex samples in SPSS. Alpha level set at p < 0.05 and at 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI). All analysis were adjusted for unequal probability sampling using survey weights. Bivariate and multivariable results were reported with crude and adjusted odds ratios.

Results
The mean age was 29.2 years, SD-9.1. Prevalence of HIV testing and comprehensive knowledge on MTCT and its prevention among women in Rwanda was 79.6% and 65.1% respectively. Findings from this study showed that married women have higher odds (aOR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.04–1.35) of comprehensive knowledge on MTCT and its prevention compared to those unmarried. Women who were living in southern (aOR = 1.23, 95%CI = 1.02–1.48) and eastern (aOR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.13–1.66) parts of Rwanda were more likely to have adequate knowledge on MTCT of HIV and its prevention than those in Kigali. Also, women who received post-test counselling (aOR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.01–2.11) have increased knowledge on MTCT than those who did not. Women with access to radio (aOR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.06–1.32) and television (aOR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.07–1.45) at least once a week were more likely to have adequate knowledge on MTCT and its prevention compared to those who do not in Rwanda.

Conclusion
There is inadequate knowledge on MTCT and its elimination among women of reproductive age in Rwanda. Strategies to enhance knowledge on MTCT and its prevention among childbearing women should be adopted through rigorous educational sensitization campaigns using local media such as radio and television. Health services that focus on prevention of MTCT must emphasize post-test counselling.
The prevalence and risk factors of work related musculoskeletal disorders among electronics manufacturing workers: a cross-sectional analytical study in China
Authors: Yang Feng , Di Niu , Guo Wei-wei , Ding Wen-bin , Jia Ning , Zhang Hengdong , Li Dongxia , Wang Dayu , Wang Rugang , Zhang Danying , Liu Yongquan , Shen Bo , Wang Zhong-xu , Yin Yan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal disorders among workers in the electronics manufacturing industry and to investigate the relations between work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and work-related variables.MethodsAn interview-based questionnaire survey was carried out in thirty electronics manufacturing factories in China in 2018. The prevalence of WMSDs was estimated using the modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). A multivariate logistic regression model was applied to evaluate the effects of risk factors on WMSDs on multiple body parts.ResultsThe 12-month prevalence of WMSDs among participants was 40.6%, and the common body sites affected were the neck (26.8%), shoulder (22.8%), upper back (14.9%), and lower back (14.8%). The results of logistic regression showed that female adults, > 5 job tenure and work-related factors (including awkward posture, lifting or carrying weights, excessive repetition, prolonged sitting, monotonous work and working under conditions of cold or temperature variations) led to a higher risk of WMSDs on most body parts. Upper back, wrist/hand and elbow pain levels were significantly higher for workers with vibration. However, more frequently, physical exercise was a protective factor against WMSDs on most body parts except the upper back, leg and knee.ConclusionsThe study indicates a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among the electronics manufacturing industry in China. Different personal and work factors are related to the occurrence of WMSD on different body parts. Preventive measures should be implemented based on the characteristics of WMSD in the electronic manufacturing industry. Furthermore, the training and intervention guidance of ergonomic hazards in the workplace need to be strengthened by understanding the impact of bad posture, avoiding long-term sitting posture and increasing physical activities.
Bone metabolism characteristics and gender differences in patients with COPD: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Tian Wei , Deng Xiaohui , Yue Rui , Ge Xiaozhu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Gender differences in bone metabolism of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remain unclear. We aim to explore the characteristics of bone metabolism and its clinical significance for patients with COPD.

Methods
A total of 564 cases (282 COPD cases and 282 controls) were preselected. Clinical and analytical characteristics of these cases were assessed. After excluding patients with other conditions known to disturb calcium metabolism, 333 patients (152 COPD cases and 181 controls) were identified. The medical records, indexes of bone turnover markers, serum calcium and phosphorus of the 333 patients were collected and their correlation was analyzed.

Results
The 152 cases with COPD were 82.61 ± 7.745 years, 78.3% males, and the 181 age- and sex-matched control cases were 79.73 ± 11.742 years, 72.4% males. Levels of total procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide (tPINP), osteocalcin (OC), serum calcium and phosphate were significantly lower (P < 0.001) while the level of parathormone (PTH) was significantly higher (P = 0.004) in COPD than in controls. The 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3) was below the lower limit of normal value (LLN) in both groups, which was significantly lower in COPD males than in control males (P = 0.026). In COPD group, PTH level was significantly higher in females (P = 0.006), and serum P was lower in males (P = 0.006). The adjusted linear regression analysis showed that the levels of tPINP, OC and serum Ca were decreasing greatly in COPD group [β (95%CI) − 8.958 (− 15.255 to − 2.662), P = 0.005; − 4.584 (− 6.627 to − 2.542), P < 0.001; − 0.065 (− 0.100 to − 0.031), P < 0.001]. Besides, smoke exposure, gender (male) were also related to hypocalcemia [β (95%CI) − 0.025 (− 0.045 to − 0.005), P = 0.017; − 0.041 (− 0.083 to − 0.001), P = 0.047], and 25(OH)D3 was correlated with serum calcium, phosphorus, and PTH [β (95%CI) 15.392(7.032–23.753), P < 0.001; − 7.287 (− 13.450 to − 1.124), P = 0.021; − 0.103(− 0.145 to − 0.061), P < 0.001], and female was more likely to have secondary hyperparathyroidism [β (95%CI) 12.141 (4.047–20.235), P = 0.002].

Conclusion
COPD patients have remarkably low bone turnover (indicated by OC) and impaired bone formation (low tPINP), and they are also more prone to low calcium. Smoking and male may play roles in the formation of hypocalcemia, and the secondary hyperparathyroidism is more significant in COPD women. There may be gender differences in bone metabolism abnormalities and their mechanisms of COPD. The conclusion above still need further research and demonstration.
Prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Liu Xueying , Chen Fuhua , Liu Lei , Zhang Qiu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Osteoporosis (OP) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are two major healthcare issues in the world. Numerous population based-studies have reported an increased prevalence of OP among individuals with DM, though, estimates vary significantly.

Purpose
The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of OP in patients with DM.

Methods
To identify relevant literature, PubMed, Embase, Medline, CBM and Cochrane Library were searched for studies published from inception till July 2022, The search was conducted, and studies were included without countries and language restrictions. For full-text articles included in the study, the references were also independently searched. Random inverse variance-weighted models were used by Stata version 17.0 to estimate the prevalence of OP in patients with diabetes across studies. The heterogeneity was examined with I2 via the χ2 test on Cochrane’s Q statistic. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. Egger’s test was used to assess publication bias.

Results
A high OP prevalence of 27.67% (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.37-33.98%) was found in a pooled analysis of 21 studies involving 11,603 T2DM patients. Methodological value of the included articles was high, with only three medium-quality studies and no low-quality studies. A significantly high heterogeneity (I2 = 98.5%) was observed.

Conclusions
Worldwide, a high prevalence of OP was found in patients with T2DM. Therefore, strong measures to prevent and treat osteoporosis in diabetic patients are required.

Trial registration
This study has been registered on PROSPERO, number CRD42021286580.
Association of hepatic/pancreatic iron overload evaluated by quantitative T2* MRI with bone mineral density and trabecular bone score
Authors: Zhang Zaizhu , Hou Bo , Du Guiying , Sun Pengtao , Guan Wenmin , Lin Qiang , Han Bing , Yu Wei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Iron-overloaded patients are recognized as presenting an increased risk of osteoporosis. However, studies on the correlation between osteoporosis and organ iron overload are controversial or scarce. The aim of this study is to assess bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) in correlation with hepatic and pancreatic iron overload.

Methods
Forty-one patients diagnosed with hemoglobinopathies, were studied. BMDs of the lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), and total hip (TH) were analyzed by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. LS bone quality was derived from each spine DXA examination using the TBS analysis. Hepatic and pancreatic iron overload were obtained with a multi-echo gradient echo T2* technique.

Results
Abnormal microarchitecture and abnormal bone mass were observed in 19/41 (46.3%) and 9/41 (22.0%) patients, respectively. For 26 males, BMD, T-score and Z-score of LS were significantly lower among subjects with moderate-severe hepatic iron-overload than their counterparts, as it is between no- and pancreatic iron-overload groups. For 15 females, patients with moderate-severe hepatic iron-overload had significantly lower BMD and T-score of FN and TH, and patients with pancreatic iron-overload had significantly lower BMD, T-score of FN, and lower BMD, T-score and Z-score of TH than their counterparts. Moreover, pancreatic T2*-value was positively correlated with BMD and T-score at all analyzed sites and Z-score at TH.

Conclusion
These data showed lower bone mass in patients with organ iron overload, particularly for LS in males, FN and TH in females. TBS may well represent a complementary tool for the evaluation of bone quality and the risk of fracture in iron-overloaded patients.
Association of rurality, type of primary caregiver and place of death with end-of-life medical expenditures among the oldest-old population in China
Authors: Li Zhong , Hung Peiyin , Shi Kewei , Fu You , Qian Dongfu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Understanding whether the type of primary caregiver and end-of-life (EOL) care location are associated with EOL medical expenditures is crucial to inform global debates on policies for efficient and effective EOL care. This study aims to assess trends in the type of primary caregiver and place of death stratified by rural‒urban status among the oldest-old population from 1998–2018 in China. A secondary objective is to determine the associations between rurality, the type of primary caregiver, place of death and EOL medical expenditures.

Methods
A total of 20,149 deaths of people aged 80 years or older were derived from the Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Cochran-Armitage tests and Cuzick’s tests were used to test trends in the type of primary caregiver and place of death over time, respectively. Tobit models were used to estimate the marginal associations of rurality, type of primary caregiver, and place of death with EOL medical expenditures because CLHLS sets 100,000 Chinese yuan (approximately US$15,286) as the upper limit of the outcome variable.

Results
Of the 20,149 oldest-old people, the median age at death was 97 years old, 12,490 (weighted, 58.6%, hereafter) were female, and 8,235 lived in urban areas. From 1998–2018, the prevalence of informal caregivers significantly increased from 94.3% to 96.2%, and home death significantly increased from 86.0% to 89.5%. The proportion of people receiving help from informal caregivers significantly increased in urban decedents (16.5%) but decreased in rural decedents (-4.0%), while home death rates significantly increased among both urban (15.3%) and rural (1.8%) decedents. In the adjusted models, rural decedents spent less than urban decedents did (marginal difference [95% CI]: $-229 [$-378, $-80]). Those who died in hospitals spent more than those who died at home ($798 [$518, $1077]). No difference in medical expenditures by type of primary caregiver was observed.

Conclusions
Over the past two decades, the increases in informal caregiver utilization and home deaths were unequal, leading to substantially higher EOL medical expenditures among urban decedents and deceased individuals who died at hospitals than among their counterparts who lived in rural areas and died at home.
Silica nanoparticles promote wheat growth by mediating hormones and sugar metabolism
Authors: Li Yiting , Xi Keyong , Liu Xi , Han Shuo , Han Xiaowen , Li Gang , Yang Lijun , Ma Dongfang , Fang Zhengwu , Gong Shuangjun , Yin Junliang , Zhu Yongxing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on plant growth and development, especially under biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the mechanisms of SiNPs-mediated plant growth strengthening are still unclear, especially under field condition. In this study, we evaluated the effect of SiNPs on the growth and sugar and hormone metabolisms of wheat in the field.

Results
SiNPs increased tillers and elongated internodes by 66.7% and 27.4%, respectively, resulting in a larger biomass. SiNPs can increase the net photosynthetic rate by increasing total chlorophyll contents. We speculated that SiNPs can regulate the growth of leaves and stems, partly by regulating the metabolisms of plant hormones and soluble sugar. Specifically, SiNPs can increase auxin (IAA) and fructose contents, which can promote wheat growth directly or indirectly. Furthermore, SiNPs increased the expression levels of key pathway genes related to soluble sugars (SPS, SUS, and α-glucosidase), chlorophyll (CHLH, CAO, and POR), IAA (TIR1), and abscisic acid (ABA) (PYR/PYL, PP2C, SnRK2, and ABF), whereas the expression levels of genes related to CTKs (IPT) was decreased after SiNPs treatment.

Conclusions
This study shows that SiNPs can promote wheat growth and provides a theoretical foundation for the application of SiNPs in field conditions.
Nanomedicine for renal cell carcinoma: imaging, treatment and beyond
Authors: Wu Ruolin , Wang Keshan , Gai Yongkang , Li Mengting , Wang Jingjing , Wang Chenyang , Zhang Yajing , Xiao Zhiwei , Jiang Dawei , Gao Zairong , Xia Xiaotian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe kidney is a vital organ responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the human body. However, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common malignancy of the urinary system and represents a serious threat to human health. Although the overall survival of RCC has improved substantially with the development of cancer diagnosis and management, there are various reasons for treatment failure. Firstly, without any readily available biomarkers, timely diagnosis has been greatly hampered. Secondly, the imaging appearance also varies greatly, and its early detection often remains difficult. Thirdly, chemotherapy has been validated as unavailable for treating renal cancer in the clinic due to its intrinsic drug resistance. Concomitant with the progress of nanotechnological methods in pharmaceuticals, the management of kidney cancer has undergone a transformation in the recent decade. Nanotechnology has shown many advantages over widely used traditional methods, leading to broad biomedical applications ranging from drug delivery, prevention, diagnosis to treatment. This review focuses on nanotechnologies in RCC management and further discusses their biomedical translation with the aim of identifying the most promising nanomedicines for clinical needs. As our understanding of nanotechnologies continues to grow, more opportunities to improve the management of renal cancer are expected to emerge.
Lactate oxidase/catalase-displaying nanoparticles efficiently consume lactate in the tumor microenvironment to effectively suppress tumor growth
Authors: Choi Hyukjun , Yeo Mirae , Kang Yujin , Kim Hyo Jeong , Park Seong Guk , Jang Eunjung , Park Sung Ho , Kim Eunhee , Kang Sebyung 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe aggressive proliferation of tumor cells often requires increased glucose uptake and excessive anaerobic glycolysis, leading to the massive production and secretion of lactate to form a unique tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, regulating appropriate lactate levels in the TME would be a promising approach to control tumor cell proliferation and immune suppression. To effectively consume lactate in the TME, lactate oxidase (LOX) and catalase (CAT) were displayed onto Aquifex aeolicus lumazine synthase protein nanoparticles (AaLS) to form either AaLS/LOX or AaLS/LOX/CAT. These complexes successfully consumed lactate produced by CT26 murine colon carcinoma cells under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Specifically, AaLS/LOX generated a large amount of H2O2 with complete lactate consumption to induce drastic necrotic cell death regardless of culture condition. However, AaLS/LOX/CAT generated residual H2O2, leading to necrotic cell death only under hypoxic condition similar to the TME. While the local administration of AaLS/LOX to the tumor site resulted in mice death, that of AaLS/LOX/CAT significantly suppressed tumor growth without any severe side effects. AaLS/LOX/CAT effectively consumed lactate to produce adequate amounts of H2O2 which sufficiently suppress tumor growth and adequately modulate the TME, transforming environments that are favorable to tumor suppressive neutrophils but adverse to tumor-supportive tumor-associated macrophages. Collectively, these findings showed that the modular functionalization of protein nanoparticles with multiple metabolic enzymes may offer the opportunity to develop new enzyme complex-based therapeutic tools that can modulate the TME by controlling cancer metabolism.
Graphical Abstract
NADPH containing superoxide-producing thermostable complex from raspberry, apricot, grape, and grape seeds: isolation, purification, and properties
Authors: Feschyan Sona M. , Simonyan Ruzan M. , Simonyan Gegham M. , Simonyan Maxim A. , Manukyan Ashkhen L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
NADPH oxidase (Nox) plays a crucial role in reactive oxygen spices (ROS) production and mediates different diseases’ development. Under aerobic conditions, the NADPH-containing protein component of the (NCP)-Fe (III) complex produces O2− continuously and intensively. However, after the removal of Fe (III), the isolated NCP shows only antioxidant properties at the expense of NADPH composite. Based on the fact that the mentioned fruit juices are widely used in everyday life and also in biomedicine, it was aimed to use a universal method: 1. to obtain superoxide generating complex from available and relatively cheap raw materials without using any toxic substances; 2. to isolate, purify and study the components of prooxidant nature: the isoforms of O2−—producing NCP-Fe (III) complexes obtained from Armenian fruits (raspberries, apricot, grapes), as well, grape seeds.

Results
Using a licensed method, for the first time isoforms of the superoxide (O2−) producing a thermostable complex of the NCP component with Fe (III), (NCP-Fe (III)), were isolated and purified from Armenian fruits—raspberries, apricots, grapes, and grapes seeds. The process of isolation and purification of isoforms of these complexes included the following stages of processing: 1. alkaline hydrolysis at pH9,5; 2. their sedimentation at pH4.8; 3. Dissolving of the sediments in water at pH9.5, followed by ion-exchange chromatography on cellulose DE-52, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. Further, the heat treatment of the mentioned complexes was carried out. In a lyophilized state, under the anaerobic conditions, the isoforms of the given complexes, hybrid associates (hNCP-Nox), and NCP were stored practically without losing their activity in a mass of 1–1.5 g.

Conclusions
Isoforms of O2− -producing complexes are new liquid-phase, thermo-stable prooxidant components found in raspberries, apricots, grapes, and grapes seeds.