bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of active faults and tectonic features through heat flow distribution in the Nankai Trough, Japan, based on high-resolution velocity-estimated bottom-simulating reflector depths
Authors: Takenouchi Shuto , Tsuji Takeshi , Shiraishi Kazuya , Nakamura Yasuyuki , Kodaira Shuichi , Fujie Gou , Mukumoto Kota 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEstimates of heat flow can contribute to our understanding of geological structures in plate convergent zones that produce great earthquakes. We applied automated velocity analysis to obtain the accurate seismic profiles needed for precise heat flow estimates using six new seismic profiles acquired during R/V Kaimei KM18-10 voyage in 2018. We calculated heat flow values in the accretionary wedge of the Nankai Trough off the Kii Peninsula, Japan, from the positions of widespread bottom-simulating reflectors (BSRs) in seismic reflection profiles. Calculated conductive heat flow values from the depth of the BSR agree with previous studies where a regional trend is observed from ~ 50 mW/m2 to < 40 mW/m2 60 km landward from the deformation front. This trend is caused by thickening of accretionary sediments and the subduction of the Philippines Sea plate. Segments of profiles are marked by anomalous high heat flow values. Such anomalies represent alterations of the shallow crustal thermal structure caused either by a combination of topographic affects, surface erosion of the seafloor, or by fluid flow that transports heat by advection. We interpret heat flow anomalies (~ 100 mW/m2) as indicators of active faulting, which correspond to low seismic velocity zones along faults. Our results also showed relatively high heat flow at the landward end of several survey lines close to the Kii Peninsula, which we interpret to the possible presence of plutonic rocks that underlie the Kii Peninsula and extend offshore and may be the cause of geothermal springs, steep geothermal gradients, and high heat flow.
Graphical abstract
Ulvan and Ulva oligosaccharides: a systematic review of structure, preparation, biological activities and applications
Authors: Li Chen , Tang Tiancheng , Du Yuguang , Jiang Ling , Yao Zhong , Ning Limin , Zhu Benwei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUlva is one of the main green algae causing green tide disasters. Ulvan is the primarily component polysaccharide of the cell wall of Ulva and its complex structure and monosaccharide composition resulted in various biological activities. However, the high-value and effective utilization of extracted ulvan have been obstructed by limitations ranging from large molecular weight and low solubility to poor bioavailability. Ulva oligosaccharide obtained by degrading ulvan can not only ideally retain the various biological activities of ulvan very well but also effectively solve the problems of low solubility and poor bioavailability. The preparation and biological activity studies of ulvan and Ulva oligosaccharides have become a hot spot in the field of marine biological resources development research. At present, the comprehensive reviews of ulvan and Ulva oligosaccharides are still scarce. What are overviewed in this paper are the chemical composition, structure, extraction, and purification of ulvan and Ulva oligosaccharides, where research progress on the biological activities of ulvan and Ulva oligosaccharides is summarized and prospected. A theoretical and practical basis has been provided for further research on ulvan and Ulva oligosaccharides, as well as the high-value development and effective utilization of marine algae resources.
Graphical Abstract
Dietary trends among young adults during the COVID-19 lockdown: socioeconomic and gender disparities
Authors: Parker Jennifer , Kaur Simranpreet , Medalla John Marlo , Imbert-Sanchez Anairobi , Bautista Jeanette 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Healthy eating is vital to well-being and during the COVID-19 pandemic, it was especially important for boosting immunity and protecting against viral infections. Yet, by many accounts, keeping a nutritious diet was a casualty of the pandemic rather than a means to fight it. Young adults experienced disproportionate pandemic-related disruptions during a formative stage of development while little is still known about dietary outcomes.

Methods
We employed a cross-sectional design to examine dietary disparities targeting young adults (ages 18–28) during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Participants (N = 254) responded to a 15–20-min online survey with questions related to food composition and sources of food, perceptions of healthy eating, weight change, physical activity, and food insecurity. Comparisons were made by household income and gender. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to investigate factors that predicted perceptions of healthy eating behaviors while controlling for other sociodemographic factors.

Results
A clear overall trend toward unhealthy behaviors was found while positive changes were also identified. Consumption of junk food significantly increased (+ 3%), 40% gained weight, a third were less active, and 5–8% were food insecure on a regular basis. Meanwhile, eating food from restaurants declined and, for some, home-based cooking increased. Lower income participants were overly represented in unhealthy changes and higher income participants were disproportionately represented in healthy changes. Males reported more changes in dietary composition while females reported more fluctuation in weight. Reduced activity, weight gain, and food insecurity predicted unhealthy eating behaviors. Living with friend(s)/roommate(s) predicted healthier eating, but only among lower income participants.

Conclusions
It is recommended that pandemic minded public health interventions account for negative dietary trends with particular attention to low-income young adults. Solutions should be geared toward reshaping fiscal, social and physical environments, rather than relying solely on behavioral interventions.
Multimodality imaging of transient perivascular inflammation of carotid artery (TIPIC) syndrome: a case report
Authors: Ganesan Prakash , Durai Indira 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Transient Perivascular Inflammation of Carotid artery syndrome is a rare clinicoradiological entity characterized by inflammation of the carotid artery wall with surrounding perivascular inflammatory changes. This is a self-limiting condition and necessitates awareness and high degree of suspicion to differentiate from other serious pathologies involving the carotid artery.

Case presentation
A middle aged asian male patient presented with acute onset of intense pain in the right lateral aspect of neck. Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging showed wall thickening of the common carotid artery and carotid bulb with surrounding inflammation in the perivascular soft tissues. He was treated with brief course of oral anti-inflammatory medications. The patient’s symptoms improved and imaging findings resolved in 2 weeks.

Conclusions
Being infrequently encountered in clinical practice, recognition of transient perivascular inflammation of carotid artery syndrome by the physician is of prime importance. Prompt radiological investigation and follow-up imaging are crucial for accurate diagnosis, thereby leading to appropriate treatment.
Outcomes of tricuspid valve regurgitation after heart transplantation; a single center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Laimoud Mohamed , Fouly Mohamed 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR) of the donor's heart is a common problem that can develop immediately after cardiac transplantation. There is still little data about its impact on clinical outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the short-term and 1-year effects of significant TR after heart transplantation. We retrospectively analyzed 120 patients who underwent elective orthotopic heart transplantation between 2011 and 2022. According to the postoperative TR, the patients were divided into insignificant (n= 106) and significant (n= 14) TR groups.

Results
Patients with significant TR were younger [median age: 38 (Q1- Q3: 36- 39) vs. 49 (35- 55) years, p=0.037] and had a higher prevalence of nonischemic cardiomyopathy (85.71% vs. 42.45%, p=0.003) and donor female gender (35.7% vs. 19.8%,p=0.021). The patients with significant TR had a longer ICU stay [19 (14-27) vs. 11 (9-14) days, p=0.001], more frequent acute kidney injury (57.14% vs. 32.08%, p=0.023), and continuous renal replacement therapy (14.3% vs. 5.66%, p=0.031), with higher 30-day mortality (7.14% vs. 1.9%, p=0.046) and 1-year mortality (14.3% vs. 2.8%, p=0.022) compared to patients with insignificant TR. The degree of TR significantly decreased during the follow-up [β: -0.18 (95% CI: -0.25 to -0.10); p<0.001]. All patients with TR were managed medically without surgical interventions. Logistic multivariable regression revealed that nonischemic heart disease (OR: 3.41,95% CI: 1.31-41.2, p=0.024) and female donor (OR:1.56, 95%CI: 1.13-25.3, p=0.013) independently predicted significant postoperative TR.

Conclusions
Significant TR was associated with early mortality and morbidities with prolonged hospitalization. The degree of TR significantly decreased during the first year after transplantation.
Outcomes of Patients With Graves Disease 25 Years After Initiating Antithyroid Drug Therapy
Authors: Meling Stokland Ann-Elin , Austdal Marie , Nedrebø Bjørn Gunnar , Carlsen Siri , Hetland Hanne Brit , Breivik Lars , Ueland Hans Olav , Watt Torquil , Cramon Per Karkov , Løvås Kristian , Husebye Eystein Sverre , Ueland Grethe Åstrøm 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Context
Graves disease (GD) is a leading cause of hyperthyroidism. Detailed investigations and predictors of long-term outcomes are missing.

Objective
This work aimed to investigate the outcomes in GD 25 years after initiating antithyroid drug treatment, including disease course, clinical and biochemical predictors of relapse, and quality of life.

Methods
A retrospective follow-up was conducted of GD patients that participated in a randomized trial from 1997 to 2001. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from medical records and questionnaires. Biobank samples were analyzed for inflammatory biomarkers and compared with age- and sex-matched healthy individuals.

Results
We included 83% (182/218) of the patients from the original study. At the end of follow-up, normal thyroid function was achieved in 34%. The remaining had either active disease (1%), spontaneous hypothyroidism (13%), or had undergone ablative treatment with radioiodine (40%) or thyroidectomy (13%). Age younger than or equal to 40 years, thyroid eye disease (TED), smoking, and elevated levels of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 (TNFRS9) increased the risk of relapsing disease (odds ratio 3.22; 2.26; 2.21; 1.99; 2.36). At the end of treatment, CD40 was lower in patients who maintained normal thyroid function (P = .04). At the end of follow-up, 47% had one or more autoimmune diseases, including vitamin B12 deficiency (26%) and rheumatoid arthritis (5%). GD patients who developed hypothyroidism had reduced quality of life.

Conclusion
Careful lifelong monitoring is indicated to detect recurrence, hypothyroidism, and other autoimmune diseases. Long-term ATD treatment emerges as a beneficial first-line treatment option, especially in patients with young age at onset or presence of TED.
Clival Ectopic Pituitary Adenoma Causing Cushing Syndrome
Authors: Karthik Subramaniam , Krishna Tharun , Johnson Jai Richo , Karikkanthra Jyothi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The development of adenohypophysis by differentiating and detaching from the pharyngeal roof results in formation of a functional ectopic pituitary tissue around the Sella turcica. Of the ectopic sites in which pituitary adenoma occurs, clival adenomas are rare and the majority secrete prolactin. We report a case of ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a clival mass with sphenoid sinus infiltration and 68Gallium (Ga) Dodecane tetra acetic acid—NaI3—octreotide positron emission tomography-computed tomography showed intense uptake in the region. Postoperative immunohistochemistry revealed ACTH and T-box Protein in T-cell positivity. With literature review, we found 5 reported cases of clival ectopic pituitary adenoma with Cushing syndrome. Clinical characteristics, imaging features, histology, and management of such masses have been discussed. In conclusion, ACTH-producing clival ectopic pituitary adenomas are rare, require differentiation from neuroendocrine tumors, and remit by multimodal therapy.
Automated Preoperative and Postoperative Volume Estimates Risk of Retreatment in Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Retrospective, Multicenter Study
Authors: Vargas Jan , Pease Matthew , Snyder M. Harrison , Blalock Jonathan , Wu Shandong , Nwachuku Enyinna , Mittal Aditya , Okonkwo David O. , Kellogg Ryan T. 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Several neurosurgical pathologies, ranging from glioblastoma to hemorrhagic stroke, use volume thresholds to guide treatment decisions. For chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH), with a risk of retreatment of 10%–30%, the relationship between preoperative and postoperative cSDH volume and retreatment is not well understood. We investigated the potential link between preoperative and postoperative cSDH volumes and retreatment.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective chart review of patients operated for unilateral cSDH from 4 level 1 trauma centers, February 2009–August 2021. We used a 3-dimensional deep learning, automated segmentation pipeline to calculate preoperative and postoperative cSDH volumes. To identify volume thresholds, we constructed a receiver operating curve with preoperative and postoperative volumes to predict cSDH retreatment rates and selected the threshold with the highest Youden index. Then, we developed a light gradient boosting machine to predict the risk of cSDH recurrence.

RESULTS:
We identified 538 patients with unilateral cSDH, of whom 62 (12%) underwent surgical retreatment within 6 months of the index surgery. cSDH retreatment was associated with higher preoperative (122 vs 103 mL; P < .001) and postoperative (62 vs 35 mL; P < .001) volumes. Patients with >140 mL preoperative volume had nearly triple the risk of cSDH recurrence compared with those below 140 mL, while a postoperative volume >46 mL led to an increased risk for retreatment (22% vs 6%; P < .001). On multivariate modeling, our model had an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.60-0.93) for predicting retreatment. The most important features were preoperative and postoperative volume, platelet count, and age.

CONCLUSION:
Larger preoperative and postoperative cSDH volumes increase the risk of retreatment. Volume thresholds may allow identification of patients at high risk of cSDH retreatment who would benefit from adjunct treatments. Machine learning algorithm can quickly provide accurate estimates of preoperative and postoperative volumes.
Anatomy of the Frontal Sinus Drainage Pathway Evaluated in 247 Cadavers to Prevent Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage After Frontobasal Craniotomy
Authors: Kodera Toshiaki , Isozaki Makoto , Akazawa Ayumi , Oiwa Mizuki , Yamauchi Takahiro , Yamada Shintaro , Tai Katsuhide , Kawajiri Satoshi , Kidoguchi Masamune , Higashino Yoshifumi , Hashimoto Norichika , Arishima Hidetaka , Iino Satoshi , Kikuta Ken-ichiro 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The frontal sinus (FS) drainage pathway (FSDP) may be a conduit for cerebrospinal fluid leakage after frontobasal craniotomy. In this cadaveric study, we aimed to evaluate the anatomy of the FSDP.

METHODS:
The FSs and FSDPs of 247 cadavers were investigated. We counted the number of FSs and FSDPs in each half-head, verified the presence of a narrowing section in each FSDP, and evaluated the depth, shape, and size of each narrowing FSDP section.

RESULTS:
We investigated 494 sides and 472 FSDPs of 247 cadavers. FSs were unilaterally undeveloped in 13 of 247 cadavers (5.3%) and bilaterally in 8 (3.2%). FSs were unilaterally duplicated in 7 of 247 cadavers (2.8%), and no FSs were bilaterally duplicated or triplicated. No FSs had 2 or more FSDPs, and all 472 investigated FSDPs were invariably narrowed at various depths. The narrowing FSDP sections were elliptical (78.6%), circular (18.1%), triangular (1.8%), or crescent-shaped (1.4%) and of varying thickness and orientation. Although FSDPs were asymmetric in 92.2% of cadavers and narrowing FSDP sections were located deep (8.9 ± 4.4 mm from the anterior skull base), the narrowing FSDP sections were typically small (area: 5.9 ± 3.3 mm2) or thin (short diameter: 2.1 ± 0.7 mm).

CONCLUSION:
Each FS had only one FSDP, all FSDPs were invariably narrowed at various depths, and the narrowing FSDP sections were sufficiently small or thin to allow local closure, facilitating prevention of cerebrospinal fluid leakage after frontobasal craniotomy.
A plea for more careful scholarship in reviewing evidence: the case of mammographic screening
Authors: Duffy Stephen W. , Tabar Laszlo , Chen Tony H.H. , Yen Amy M.F. , Dean Peter B. , Smith Robert A. 
Published: September 2023

Objectives: To identify issues of principle and practice giving rise to misunderstandings in reviewing evidence, to illustrate these by reference to the Nordic Cochrane Review (NCR) and its interpretation of two trials of mammographic screening, and to draw lessons for future reviewing of published results. Methods: A narrative review of the publications of the Nordic Cochrane Review of mammographic screening (NCR), the Swedish Two-County Trial (S2C) and the Canadian National Breast Screening Study 1 and 2 (CNBSS-1 and CNBSS-2). Results: The NCR concluded that the S2C was unreliable, despite the review’s complaints being shown to be mistaken, by direct reference to the original primary publications of the S2C. Repeated concerns were expressed by others about potential subversion of randomisation in CNBSS-1 and CNBSS-2; however, the NCR continued to rely heavily on the results of these trials. Since 2022, however, eyewitness evidence of such subversion has been in the public domain. Conclusions: An over-reliance on nominal satisfaction of checklists of criteria in systematic reviewing can lead to erroneous conclusions. This occurred in the case of the NCR, which concluded that mammographic screening was ineffective or minimally effective. Broader and more even-handed reviews of the evidence show that screening confers a substantial reduction in breast cancer mortality. Advances in knowledge: Those carrying out systematic reviews should be aware of the dangers of over-reliance on checklists and guidelines. Readers of systematic reviews should be aware that a systematic review is just another study, with the capability that all studies have of coming to incorrect conclusions. When a review seems to overturn the current position, it is essential to revisit the publications of the primary research.
Dynamic Pricing and Capacity Optimization in Railways
Authors: Manchiraju Chandrasekhar , Dawande Milind , Janakiraman Ganesh , Raghunathan Arvind 
Published: September 2023

Problem definition: Revenue management in railways distinguishes itself from that in traditional sectors, such as airline, hotel, and fashion retail, in several important ways. (i) Capacity is substantially more flexible in the sense that changes to the capacity of a train can often be made throughout the sales horizon. Consequently, the joint optimization of prices and capacity assumes genuine importance. (ii) Capacity can only be added in discrete “chunks” (i.e., coaches). (iii) Passengers with unreserved tickets can travel in any of the multiple trains available during the day. Further, passengers in unreserved coaches are allowed to travel by standing, thus giving rise to the need to manage congestion. Motivated by our work with a major railway company in Japan, we analyze the problem of jointly optimizing pricing and capacity; this problem is more-general version of the canonical multiproduct dynamic-pricing problem. Methodology/results: Our analysis yields four asymptotically optimal policies. From the viewpoint of the pricing decisions, our policies can be classified into two types—static and dynamic. With respect to the timing of the capacity decisions, our policies are again of two types—fixed capacity and flexible capacity. We establish the convergence rates of these policies; when demand and supply are scaled by a factor [Formula: see text], the optimality gaps of the static policies scale proportional to [Formula: see text], and those of the dynamic policies scale proportional to [Formula: see text]. We illustrate the attractive performance of our policies on a test suite of instances based on real-world operations of the high-speed “Shinkansen” trains in Japan and develop associated insights. Managerial implications: Our work provides railway administrators with simple and effective policies for pricing, capacity, and congestion management. Our policies cater to different contingencies that decision makers may face in practice: the need for static or dynamic prices and for fixed or flexible capacity. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0246 .
Geographical distribution of scrub typhus and risk of Orientia tsutsugamushi infection in Indonesia: Evidence mapping
Authors: Saraswati Kartika , Elliott Ivo , Day Nicholas P. J. , Baird J. Kevin , Blacksell Stuart D. , Ristiyanto  , Moyes Catherine L. 
Published: September 2023

Background
Scrub typhus is a potentially fatal acute febrile illness caused by bacteria in the genus Orientia. Though cases have been documented, a comprehensive body of evidence has not previously been compiled to give an overview of scrub typhus in Indonesia. This study aimed to address this key knowledge gap by mapping and ranking geographic areas based on existing data on the presence or absence of the pathogen in humans, vectors, and host animals.

Methodology/principal findings
We performed searches on local and international electronic databases, websites, libraries, and collections including Embase, Medline, and Scopus to gather relevant evidence (including grey literature). After extracting data on the presence and absence of the pathogen and its vectors, we ranked the evidence based on the certainty for the presence of human infection risk. The country was divided into subnational units, and each were assigned a score based on the evidence available for that unit. We presented this in an evidence map. Orientia tsutsugamushi presence has been identified on all the main islands (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes, Papua). About two thirds of the data points were collected before 1946. South Sumatra and Biak had the strongest evidence for sustaining infectious vectors. There was only one laboratory confirmed case in a human identified but 2,780 probable cases were documented. The most common vector was Leptotrombidium deliense.

Conclusions/significance
Our review highlights the concerning lack of data on scrub typhus in Indonesia, the fourth most populous country in the world. The presence of seropositive samples, infected vectors and rodents confirm O. tsutsugamushi is widespread in Indonesia and likely to be causing significant morbidity and mortality. There is an urgent need to increase surveillance to better understand the burden of the disease across the archipelago and to inform national empirical fever treatment guidelines.