bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in lying in sender-receiver games: A meta-analysis
Authors: Capraro Valerio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhether there are gender differences in lying has been largely debated in the past decade. Previous studies found mixed results. To shed light on this topic, here I report a meta-analysis of 8,728 distinct observations, collected in 65 Sender-Receiver game treatments, by 14 research groups. Following previous work and theoretical considerations, I distinguish three types of lies: black lies, which benefit the liar at a cost for another person; altruistic white lies, which benefit another person at a cost for the liar; and Pareto white lies, which benefit both the liar and another person. The results show that: males are significantly more likely than females to tell black lies (N=4,173); males are significantly more likely than females to tell altruistic white (N=2,940); and results are inconclusive in the case of Pareto white lies (N=1,615). Furthermore, gender differences in telling altruistic white lies are significantly stronger than in the other two cases.
The role of character strengths in economic decision-making
Authors: Jordan Matthew R. , Rand David G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe aggregated data from 28 studies (total N=13,386) to assess the relationship between individual differences in character strengths, as described by the VIA model of character, and economically-relevant behaviors and cognition. Factor analyzing the character strength inventory responses revealed four factors – Caring, Leadership, Inquisitiveness, and Self-control – each of which correlated with a variety of measures. Caring was associated with the willingness to pay costs to benefit others, as well as reliance on intuitive decision-making; Leadership was associated with inefficient, anti-social behaviors, risk taking, and trusting one’s intuitions while also liking to reason; Inquisitiveness was associated with efficient behaviors in both the social and risk domains, and reliance on deliberative decision-making; and Self-control was associated with delaying gratification, risk aversion, and a reliance on reason. These results help shed light on the relationship between character – and personality more generally – and economic behaviors. In doing so, we give some indication of which types of people will be most successful in which decision-making contexts.
The endowment effect in the future: How time shapes buying and selling prices
Authors: Yamamoto Shohei , Navarro-Martinez Daniel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPrevious research has focused on studying the endowment effect for transactions that take place in the present. Many real-world transactions, however, are delayed into the future (i.e., people agree to buy or sell, but the actual transaction does not materialize until a later time). Here we investigate how transaction timing affects the endowment effect. In five studies, we show that the endowment effect systematically increases as transactions are delayed into the future. Specifically, buying prices significantly decrease as the transaction is delayed, while selling prices remain constant, resulting in an amplified endowment effect (Experiment 1). This pattern is not produced by a discounting of the money involved in the transaction (Experiment 2), and it holds across different types of items (Experiment 3). We also show that the phenomenon cannot be explained by sellers anticipating becoming increasingly attached to the items over time (Experiment 4). Finally, we demonstrate that this increased endowment effect in the future holds in the field, in the context of a real market and with real transactions (Experiment 5).
Pledging one’s trustworthiness through gifts: An experiment
Authors: Danese Giuseppe , Mittone Luigi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEthnographers have recorded many instances of tokens donated as gifts to attract new partners or strengthen ties to existing ones. We study whether gifts are an effective pledge of the donor’s trustworthiness through an experiment modeled on the trust game. We vary whether the trustee can send a token before the trustor decides whether to transfer money; whether one of the tokens is rendered salient through experimental manipulations (a vote or an incentive-compatible rule of purchase for the tokens); and whether the subjects interact repeatedly or are randomly re-matched in each round. Tokens are frequently sent in all studies in which tokens are available, but repeated interaction, rather than gifts, is the leading behavioral driver in our data. In the studies with random pairs, trustors send significantly more points when the trustee has sent a token. Subjects in a fixed matching achieve comparable levels of trust and trustworthiness in the studies with and without tokens. The trustee’s decision to send a token is not predictive of the amount the trustee returns to the trustor. A token is used more sparingly whenever salient — a novel instance of endogenous value creation in the lab.
Sample decisions with description and experience
Authors: Klingebiel Ronald , Zhu Feibai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDecision makers weight small probabilities differently when sampling them and when seeing them stated. We disentangle to what extent the gap is due to how decision makers receive information (through description or experience), the literature’s prevailing focus, and what information they receive (population probabilities or sample frequencies), our novel explanation. The latter determines statistical confidence, the extent to which one can know that a choice is superior in expectation. Two lab studies, as well as a review of prior work, reveal sample decisions to respond to statistical confidence. More strongly, in fact, than decisions based on population probabilities, leading to higher payoffs in expectation. Our research thus not only offers a more robust method for identifying description-experience gaps. It also reveals how probability weighting in decisions based on samples — the typical format of real-world decisions — may actually come closer to an unbiased ideal than decisions based on fully specified probabilities — the format frequently used in decision science.
Pretrial release judgments and decision fatigue
Authors: Shroff Ravi , Vamvourellis Konstantinos 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Field studies in many domains have found evidence of decision fatigue, a
phenomenon describing how decision quality can be impaired by the act of
making previous decisions. Debate remains, however, over posited
psychological mechanisms underlying decision fatigue, and the size of
effects in high-stakes settings. We examine an extensive set of pretrial
arraignments in a large, urban court system to investigate how judicial
release and bail decisions are influenced by the time an arraignment occurs.
We find that release rates decline modestly in the hours before lunch and
before dinner, and these declines persist after statistically adjusting for
an extensive set of observed covariates. However, we find no evidence that
arraignment time affects pretrial release rates in the remainder of each
decision-making session. Moreover, we find that release rates remain
unchanged after a meal break even though judges have the opportunity to
replenish their mental and physical resources by resting and eating. In a
complementary analysis, we find that the rate at which judges concur with
prosecutorial bail requests does not appear to be influenced by either
arraignment time or a meal break. Taken together, our results imply that to
the extent that decision fatigue plays a role in pretrial release judgments,
effects are small and inconsistent with previous explanations implicating
psychological depletion processes.
The prominence effect in health-care priority setting
Authors: Persson Emil , Erlandsson Arvid , Slovic Paul , Västfjäll Daniel , Tinghög Gustav 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPeople often choose the option that is better on the most subjectively prominent attribute — the prominence effect. We studied the effect of prominence in health care priority setting and hypothesized that values related to health would trump values related to costs in treatment choices, even when individuals themselves evaluated different treatment options as equally good. We conducted pre-registered experiments with a diverse Swedish sample and a sample of international experts on priority setting in health care (n = 1348). Participants, acting in the role of policy makers, revealed their valuation for different medical treatments in hypothetical scenarios. Participants were systematically inconsistent between preferences expressed through evaluation in a matching task and preferences expressed through choice. In line with our hypothesis, a large proportion of participants (General population: 92%, Experts 84% of all choices) chose treatment options that were better on the health dimension (lower health risk) despite having previously expressed indifference between those options and others that were better on the cost dimension. Thus, we find strong evidence of a prominence effect in health-care priority setting. Our findings provide a psychological explanation for why opportunity costs (i.e., the value of choices not exercised) are neglected in health care priority setting.
The US Political Economy of Climate Change: Impacts of the “Fracking” Boom on State-Level Climate Policies
Authors: Zacher Sam 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the face of the intensifying global climate crisis, the US has failed to implement comprehensive policies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. During the 2000s, the shale oil and gas extraction (i.e., “fracking”) revolution highlighted the American energy economy. Is the fracking boom partially to blame for US lagging on climate policy? Political economy theory suggests that economic resources are primary drivers of policy outcomes. In this paper, I originally evaluate that claim in the context of the American states, the governments most powerful to mitigate emissions while the federal government faces gridlock. I first introduce an original measure of one state-level climate policy: adoption of the low-emission vehicle (LEV) policy from 1991 to 2015. I then frame the US fracking boom of the mid-to-late 2000s as a natural experiment, employing a difference-in-difference design to compare the effects of fracking on two climate policies across the American states – LEV and renewable electricity policy. Results yield evidence of a causal impact of the fracking boom on state LEV adoption and more suggestive evidence of an impact on renewable electricity mandates. I conclude by arguing that efforts to evaluate the influence of business on policy should account for “structural power” mechanisms.
Influence of a cereal rye cover crop on the critical period for weed control in soybean
Authors: Kumari Annu , Price Andrew J. , Korres Nicholas E. , Gamble Audrey , Li Steve 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSoybean is the world’s most widely grown leguminous crop and is an important source of oil and protein for food and feed in addition to other industrial uses. However, herbicide-resistant and troublesome weed control challenges limit yield potential and threaten conservation tillage (CT) systems. Cover crops have been widely adopted as an integrated pest management component in CT systems to suppress weeds and maintain soybean yield potential. A 3-yr field experiment was conducted to estimate the influence of a cereal rye cover crop following CT on the critical period for weed control (CPWC) in soybean. The experiment was implemented in a split-plot design in which main plots as CT following cover crop (CT + CC), CT following winter fallow (CT + WF), and conventional tillage (CVT), and subplots were multiple durations of weed-free and weed interference. Results showed that the estimated CPWC of CT + CC and CT + WF treatments was 0 wk and >7 wk, respectively, in 2018. In 2019, the estimated CPWC was 0 wk, 5.0 wk, and 1.3 wk under CT + CC, CT + WF, and CVT treatments, respectively. In 2020, the estimated CPWC was 3.5 wk, >6.2 wk, and 0 wk under CT + CC, CT + WF, and CVT treatments, respectively. The presence of a cover crop delayed the CTWR and caused an early beginning of the CWFP compared with CT + WF treatment, and hence shortened the CPWC in 2018 and 2019. In conclusion, the CT + WF system did not reduce the weed competition and subsequent yield loss in soybean compared to the CT + CC system.
A sustainable approach for weed and insect management in sweetpotato: breeding for weed and insect tolerant/resistant clones
Authors: Wadl Phillip A. , Campbell H. Tyler , Rutter William B. , Williams Livy H. , Murphey Victoria , Culbreath Julianna , Cutulle Matthew 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWeed management is consistently ranked among the top priorities of the United States sweetpotato industry. To provide additional weed and insect management strategies for sweetpotato, we initiated development of insect-resistant germplasm that also has weed tolerance by breeding and selecting for sweetpotato clones that are fast growing and have semi-erect to erect canopy architecture. Field studies were conducted in 2018 and 2019 in Charleston, South Carolina, to quantify the effects of weed-free interval and sweetpotato clone on weed counts for naturally occurring weed species, storage root yield, and insect resistance to the major pests of sweetpotato. Weed-free intervals included plots that were weedy all season and weed-free for 2, 3, and 4 wk after transplanting. Sweetpotato clones evaluated included ‘Beauregard’, ‘Covington’, ‘Monaco’, and six advanced selections with semi-erect to erect plant habit. Significant weed-free interval and sweetpotato clone main effects were observed for all variables measured, but not for their interaction. Two sweetpotato clones, USDA-17-037 and USDA-17-077, were consistent across both years and had the lowest weed counts, exhibited enhanced insect resistance, and were the highest yielding entries. These results demonstrate the potential for development of insect-resistant sweetpotato germplasm with a vigorous, erect plant habit that may be less susceptible to weed interference than cultivars with spreading shoot growth. The combination of germplasm that is both resistant to insect pests and competitive with weeds can provide organic and subsistence sweetpotato growers solutions to these critical issues related to sweetpotato production.
Investigating the Diurnal Radiative, Turbulent, and Biophysical Processes in the Amazonian Canopy‐Atmosphere Interface by Combining LES Simulations and Observations
Authors: Pedruzo‐Bagazgoitia X. , Patton E. G. , Moene A. F. , Ouwersloot H. G. , Gerken T. , Machado L. A. T. , Martin S. T. , Sörgel M. , Stoy P. C. , Yamasoe M. A. , Vilà‐Guerau de Arellano J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe investigate the atmospheric diurnal variability inside and above the Amazonian rainforest for a representative day during the dry season. To this end, we combine high‐resolution large‐eddy simulations that are constrained and evaluated against a comprehensive observation set, including CO2 concentrations, gathered during GoAmazon2014/15. We design systematic numerical experiments to quantify whether a multilayer approach in solving the explicit canopy improves our canopy‐atmosphere representation. We particularly focus on the relationship between photosynthesis and plant transpiration, and their distribution at leaf and canopy scales. We found the variability of photosynthesis drivers like vapor pressure deficit and leaf temperature to be about 3 times larger for sunlit leaves compared to shaded leaves. This leads to a large spread on leaf stomatal conductance values with minimum and maximum values varying more than 100%. Regarding the turbulent structure, we find wind‐driven stripe‐like shapes at the canopy top and structures resembling convective cells at the canopy. Wind‐related variables provide the best spatiotemporal agreement between model and observations. The potential temperature and heat flux profiles agree with an observed decoupling near the canopy top interface, although with less variability and cold biases of up to 3 K. The increasing complexity on the biophysical processes leads to the largest disagreements for evaporation, CO2 plant assimilation and soil efflux. The model is able to capture the correct dependences and trends with the magnitudes still differing. We finally discuss the need to revise leaf and soil models and to complete the observations at leaf and canopy levels.
Mutation-associated transcripts reconstruct the prognostic features of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liang Libo , Li Yi , Ying Binwu , Huang Xinyan , Liao Shenling , Yang Jiajin , Liao Ga 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTongue squamous cell carcinoma is highly malignant and has a poor prognosis. In this study, we aimed to combine whole-genome sequencing, whole-genome methylation, and whole-transcriptome analyses to understand the molecular mechanisms of tongue squamous cell carcinoma better. Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues from five patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma were included as five paired samples. After multi-omics sequencing, differentially methylated intervals, methylated loop sites, methylated promoters, and transcripts were screened for variation in all paired samples. Correlations were analyzed to determine biological processes in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. We found five mutated methylation promoters that were significantly associated with mRNA and lncRNA expression levels. Functional annotation of these transcripts revealed their involvement in triggering the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, which is associated with cancer progression and the development of drug resistance during treatment. The prognostic signature models constructed based onWDR81andHNRNPH1and combined clinical phenotype–gene prognostic signature models showed high predictive efficacy and can be applied to predict patient prognostic risk in clinical settings. We identified biological processes in tongue squamous cell carcinoma that are initiated by mutations in the methylation promoter and are associated with the expression levels of specific mRNAs and lncRNAs. Collectively, changes in transcript levels affect the prognosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients.
Advanced liquid crystal-based switchable optical devices for light protection applications: principles and strategies
Authors: Zhang Ruicong , Zhang Zhibo , Han Jiecai , Yang Lei , li Jiajun , Song Zicheng , Wang Tianyu , Zhu Jiaqi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith the development of optical technologies, transparent materials that provide protection from light have received considerable attention from scholars. As important channels for external light, windows play a vital role in the regulation of light in buildings, vehicles, and aircrafts. There is a need for windows with switchable optical properties to prevent or attenuate damage or interference to the human eye and light-sensitive instruments by inappropriate optical radiation. In this context, liquid crystals (LCs), owing to their rich responsiveness and unique optical properties, have been considered among the best candidates for advanced light protection materials. In this review, we provide an overview of advances in research on LC-based methods for protection against light. First, we introduce the characteristics of different light sources and their protection requirements. Second, we introduce several classes of light modulation principles based on liquid crystal materials and demonstrate the feasibility of using them for light protection. In addition, we discuss current light protection strategies based on liquid crystal materials for different applications. Finally, we discuss the problems and shortcomings of current strategies. We propose several suggestions for the development of liquid crystal materials in the field of light protection.
Neuroanatomical correlates of genetic risk for obesity in children
Authors: Morys Filip , Yu Eric , Shishikura Mari , Paquola Casey , Vainik Uku , Nave Gideon , Koellinger Philipp , Gan-Or Ziv , Dagher Alain 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObesity has a strong genetic component, with up to 20% of variance in body mass index (BMI) being accounted for by common polygenic variation. Most genetic polymorphisms associated with BMI are related to genes expressed in the central nervous system. At the same time, higher BMI is associated with neurocognitive changes. However, the direct link between genetics of obesity and neurobehavioral mechanisms related to weight gain is missing. Here, we use a large sample of participants (n > 4000) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development cohort to investigate how genetic risk for obesity, expressed as polygenic risk score for BMI (BMI-PRS), is related to brain and behavioral measures in adolescents. In a series of analyses, we show that BMI-PRS is related to lower cortical volume and thickness in the frontal and temporal areas, relative to age-expected values. Relatedly, using structural equation modeling, we find that lower overall cortical volume is associated with higher impulsivity, which in turn is related to an increase in BMI 1 year later. In sum, our study shows that obesity might partially stem from genetic risk as expressed in brain changes in the frontal and temporal brain areas, and changes in impulsivity.
MFG-E8 stabilized by deubiquitinase USP14 suppresses cigarette smoke-induced ferroptosis in bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Cui Yanan , Luo Lijuan , Zeng Zihang , Liu Xiangming , Li Tiao , He Xue , Ma Yiming , Meng Weiwei , Zeng Huihui , Long Yingjiao , Zong Dandan , Chen Yan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMilk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) participates in a range of cellular processes, including reducing apoptosis and oxidative stress. However, its protective activity against cigarette smoke-induced ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the modulation of MFG-E8 remain unclear. Here, we showed that cigarette smoke diminished MFG-E8 protein levels but had no significant effect on its mRNA levels in lung tissues of humans and mice and in two human bronchial epithelial cell lines. MFG-E8 could attenuate ferroptosis induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in vivo and in vitro. We identified ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14) as a deubiquitinase of MFG-E8 in human bronchial epithelial cells. USP14 interacted with, deubiquitinated and stabilized MFG-E8. Furthermore, USP14 inhibited CSE-induced MFG-E8 proteasomal degradation. USP14 expression downregulated by CSE decreased MFG-E8 abundance and further reduced the antiferroptotic effect of MFG-E8. These findings suggest that USP14 is an essential regulator of MFG-E8 through the proteasomal pathway and that the USP14/MFG-E8 axis plays a critical role in regulating CSE-induced ferroptosis of bronchial epithelial cells.