bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Far‐UVC‐ and UVB‐induced DNA damage depending on skin type
Authors: Busch Loris , Kröger Marius , Zamudio Díaz Daniela F. , Schleusener Johannes , Lohan Silke B. , Ma Jackie , Witzel Christian , Keck Cornelia M. , Meinke Martina C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFar‐UVC radiation sources of wavelengths 222 nm and 233 nm represent an interesting potential alternative for the antiseptic treatment of the skin due to their high skin compatibility. Nevertheless, no studies on far‐UVC‐induced DNA damage in different skin types have been published to date, which this study aims for. After irradiating the skin with far‐UVC of the wavelengths 222 and 233 nm as well as broadband UVB, the tissue was screened for cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer‐positive (CPD+) cells using immunohistochemistry. The epidermal DNA damage was lower in dark skin types than in fair skin types after irradiation at 233 nm. Contrary to this, irradiation at 222 nm caused no skin type‐dependent differences, which can be attributed to the decreased penetration depth of radiation. UVB showed the relatively strongest differences between light and dark skin types when using a suberythemal dose of 3 mJ/cm2. As melanin is known for its photoprotective effect, we evaluated the ratio of melanin content in the stratum basale and stratum granulosum in samples of different skin types using two‐photon excited fluorescence lifetime imaging (TPE‐FLIM) finding a higher ratio up to skin type IV–V. As far‐UVC is known to penetrate only into the upper layers of the viable skin, the aforementioned melanin ratio could explain the less pronounced differences between skin types after irradiation with far‐UVC compared to UVB.
Forecasting of Taiwan's weighted stock Price index based on machine learning
Authors: Su I‐Fang , Lin Ping Lei , Chung Yu‐Chi , Lee Chiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study proposes a stack framework of light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) for Taiwan stock market index prediction. Stock market predictions have been regarded as a challenging task, as the market is affected by several factors such as political events, general economic conditions, institutional investors' choices, movement of the global market, psychology of investors. We construct a rich feature set to capture the impacts of global markets, institutional investors' choices, and the psychology of investors. A feature selection algorithm is proposed to choose important feature subset and enhance the training performance. To further improve the prediction accuracy, we employ stacking strategy to combine multiple classifiers together. A 10‐year period of the Taiwan stock exchange capitalization weighted stock index (TAIEX) is used to verify the performance of the proposed model. The experimental results suggest that our prediction model as well as the feature selection method can achieve good prediction performance.
Remotely sensed localised primary production anomalies predict the burden and community structure of infection in long‐term rodent datasets
Authors: Jackson Joseph A. , Bajer Anna , Behnke‐Borowczyk Jolanta , Gilbert Francis S. , Grzybek Maciej , Alsarraf Mohammed , Behnke Jerzy M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe increasing frequency and cost of zoonotic disease emergence due to global change have led to calls for the primary surveillance of wildlife. This should be facilitated by the ready availability of remotely sensed environmental data, given the importance of the environment in determining infectious disease dynamics. However, there has been little evaluation of the temporal predictiveness of remotely sensed environmental data for infection reservoirs in vertebrate hosts due to a deficit of corresponding high‐quality long‐term infection datasets. Here we employ two unique decade‐spanning datasets for assemblages of infectious agents, including zoonotic agents, in rodents in stable habitats. Such stable habitats are important, as they provide the baseline sets of pathogens for the interactions within degrading habitats that have been identified as hotspots for zoonotic emergence. We focus on the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), a measure of vegetation greening that equates to primary productivity, reasoning that this would modulate infectious agent populations via trophic cascades determining host population density or immunocompetence. We found that EVI, in analyses with data standardised by site, inversely predicted more than one‐third of the variation in an index of infectious agent total abundance. Moreover, in bipartite host occupancy networks, weighted network statistics (connectance and modularity) were linked to total abundance and were also predicted by EVI. Infectious agent abundance and, perhaps, community structure are likely to influence infection risk and, in turn, the probability of transboundary emergence. Thus, the present results, which were consistent in disparate forest and desert systems, provide proof‐of‐principle that within‐site fluctuations in satellite‐derived greenness indices can furnish useful forecasting that could focus primary surveillance. In relation to the well‐documented global greening trend of recent decades, the present results predict declining infection burden in wild vertebrates in stable habitats; but if greening trends were to be reversed, this might magnify the already upwards trend in zoonotic emergence.
A pilot study on the effectiveness of a language‐specific (Chinese) pulmonary rehabilitation programme for individuals with chronic pulmonary disease: a 2‐year prospective cohort study in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Auyeung Titus , Jiang Osborn , Taylor Mitchell , Chang Vicky , Kwan Benjamin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsPulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves dyspnoea, fatigue and healthcare‐related quality of life (QoL) in patients with chronic lung disease (CLD). Non‐English‐speaking background (NESB) patients face language and cultural barriers that hinder their access to PR programmes, contributing to health disparities. Our trial aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of a Chinese language‐specific PR programme on lung function, functional exercise capacity and QoL measures.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted over a 2‐year period. Participants were enrolled in an 8‐week PR programme with biweekly sessions conducted by Chinese‐speaking physiotherapists. Baseline and post‐rehabilitation testing included pulmonary function testing, 6‐min walk test (6MWT), St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGQR) and Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36).ResultsWe enrolled 76 patients (58% male) with a median age of 77 years (interquartile range (IQR) 68–81) and achieved a completion rate of 86.8% (n = 66). CLD included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (42%), asthma (15%) and interstitial lung disease (3%). Baseline median forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was 1.63 L (IQR 1.17–2.05), and the median 6MWT was 282 m (IQR 232–332). Post‐intervention median 6MWT increased to 332 m (IQR 290–390), and the median FEV1 was 1.99 L (IQR 1.3–2.1). Both QoL measures (SGQR and SF‐36) showed significant improvement after intervention (P < 0.05).ConclusionOur study demonstrates that a language‐specific PR programme is feasible, improving outcomes in NESB patients with CLD. The improvement in 6MWT and QoL measures was comparable to English‐based programmes. Ensuring equal access to healthcare programmes, regardless of cultural background or language barriers, is crucial in promoting health equity.
Hepatitis B genotypes in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: correlation with clinical course and implications for management
Authors: Hanson Josh , Radlof Sharna , Littlejohn Margaret , Hempenstall Allison , Edwards Ros , Nakata Yoko , Gregson Sandra , Hayes Richard , Smith Simon , McKinnon Melita , Binks Paula , Tong Steven Y. C. , Davies Jane , Davis Joshua S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians in Far North Queensland (FNQ) is greater than twice that of the general Australian population. CHB is common in Torres Strait Islanders diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) – and in Aboriginals with HCC living in the Northern Territory – however, Aboriginals diagnosed with HCC in FNQ very rarely have CHB. The explanation for this apparent disparity is uncertain.AimsTo determine the HBV genotypes in the FNQ Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population and their correlation with clinical phenotype.MethodsWe determined the HBV genotype of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians living with CHB in FNQ and correlated this with demographic and clinical findings.Results134/197 (68%) enrolled individuals had a sufficient viral load for genotyping. All 40 people with HBV/D genotype had Aboriginal heritage, whereas 85/93 (91%) with HBV/C had Torres Strait Islander heritage (P < 0.0001). Individuals with HBV/D were younger than those with HBV/C (median (interquartile range) age: 43 (39–48) vs 53 (42–66) years, P = 0.0002). However, they were less likely to be HBeAg positive (1/40 (3%) vs 23/93 (25%), P = 0.001). All three HCCs developed in Torres Strait Islanders; two‐thirds were infected with HBV/C14; genotyping was not possible in the other individual. All 10 diagnoses of cirrhosis occurred in Torres Strait Islanders, 6/10 were infected with HBV/C14, genotyping was not possible in the other four individuals.ConclusionsHBV genotypes in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians in FNQ differ markedly, which could explain the significant differences in the clinical phenotype in the two populations and might be used to inform cost‐effective CHB care in the region.
The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on surgical site wound infection after immediate breast reconstruction in patients with breast cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Chao , Li Juanjuan , Wang Lin , Sun Siyu , Chen Chunchun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUsing a meta‐analysis approach, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) on the incidence of surgical site wound infection during immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) following breast cancer. The aim was to provide evidence‐based support for the prevention of wound surgical site infection during IBR after breast cancer surgery. Relevant literature on the effects of NACT on IBR in patients with breast cancer published up until May 2023, was retrieved from various databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang databases, and China Biology Medicine Database. Two researchers performed the literature screening, data collection, and quality assessment of the included studies independently. The meta‐analysis was conducted using Stata version 17.0. Fourteen studies involving 3401 patients (599 in the intervention group and 2802 in the control group) were included in the analysis. The incidence of surgical site infection in the NACT group was higher than that in the control group, but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (7.17% vs. 4.85%, odds ratio: 1.02, 95% confidence interval: 0.70–1.50, p = 0.902). These findings suggest that NACT does not increase the risk of surgical site infection during IBR. However, owing to the variation in sample size and literature quality among the included studies, randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm the safety of IBR in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Facile and flexible fabrication of structured array surfaces on binderless tungsten carbide by using electrical discharge machining with a novel self‐assembly ball electrode
Authors: Li Kangsen , Wang Chunjin , Gong Feng , Cheung Chi Fai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractElectrical discharge machining (EDM) method is an innovative method for the fabrication of structured array surfaces on binderless tungsten carbide (WC) which is a typical embossing mold material, compared to traditional machining methods. To improve the convenience of electrode replacement and the fabrication efficiency of the structured array, a novel self‐assembly ball electrode is innovatively developed. The feasibility of machining binderless WC with a self‐assembly ball electrode was studied and its effect on profile deviation analyzed. Furthermore, the discharge condition's effect on surface roughness, material removal rate (MRR), and tool wear ratio (TWR) was investigated. The microstructure, phase structure, and element distribution of binderless WC caused by EDM were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy. The results indicated that the maximum profile deviation of the different random structured arrays was about 3.7 μm. The surface roughness of all structured arrays was below 1 μm. The maximum TWR was about 0.008 mm3/min. Besides, the binderless WC surface after EDM presented strong D and G carbon peaks, which means the precipitation and transformation of the WC phase during the discharge process. Finally, different kinds of self‐assembly ball electrodes are developed and used to fabricate the lens array structures on binderless WC. The fast fabrication of the micro‐lens array surfaces in different arrangements sheds some light on the design and manufacturing of other functional structured surfaces.
Eight‐year trajectories and predictors of cognitive function in community‐dwelling Korean older adults with cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Son Youn‐Jung , Kim Da‐Young , Choi Yoon‐Gyeong , Kim Eun Young 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to identify longitudinal patterns and predictors of cognitive function trajectories among Korean older adults with cardiovascular diseases.DesignThis study is a longitudinal panel analysis based on secondary data. Data from the the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA) were used for analysis.MethodsThe KLoSA is a representative panel survey of older Koreans. We analyzed responses from 301 participants aged ≥65 years who completed the same survey more than three times out of five waves between 2012 and 2020.FindingsLatent class growth modeling identified two trajectories of cognitive function in older people with cardiovascular diseases: “low and declining” (n = 81, 26.9%) and “high and declining” (n = 220, 73.1%). Participants in “the low and declining trajectory group” were more likely to have a low educational level, weak handgrip strength, depression, and low social participation at baseline than those in “the high and declining trajectory group.”ConclusionsOur results indicate a need to develop community‐based tailored interventions for improving handgrip strength, mental health, and social participation in delaying cognitive decline in older people with cardiovascular diseases considering their educational level.Clinical RelevanceHealthcare providers should be more concerned about older people with a weaker handgrip, depression, and low social activities as a high‐risk group for cognitive decline over time in cardiovascular care. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate them early with standardized tools and make subsequent strategies for the older population with cardiovascular diseases.
Differential expression of PEA3 in odontogenic cysts and tumors
Authors: Tun Khin Mya , Kitkumthorn Nakarin , Bumalee Dusit , Arayapisit Tawepong , Lapthanasupkul Puangwan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPEA3 transcription factor has been identified as a downstream target of the MAPK and PI3K pathways, and PEA3 overexpression has been observed in a variety of tumor types. We aimed to evaluate PEA3 expression in odontogenic cysts and tumors and compare the expression among odontogenic lesions. In addition, the correlations between PEA3 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of conventional ameloblastoma and unicystic ameloblastoma were investigated.MethodsThis study was performed on 165 samples of odontogenic cysts and tumors including 20 dentigerous cysts, 20 odontogenic keratocysts, 16 adenomatoid odontogenic tumors, 5 ameloblastic fibromas, 45 unicystic ameloblastomas, and 59 conventional ameloblastomas. The sections were immunohistochemically stained with mouse monoclonal anti‐PEA3 antibody and PEA3 expression was evaluated as the immunoreactive score.ResultsPEA3 expression was absent in all dentigerous cysts (DCs) and odontogenic keratocysts, while all adenomatoid odontogenic tumors showed either no (75%) or low (25%) expression of PEA3. Most of the ameloblastic fibromas (60%) displayed no PEA3 expression. A high expression of PEA3 was observed in a substantial number of unicystic ameloblastomas (48.9%) and conventional ameloblastomas (49.2%) in our study. PEA3 expression in DCs, odontogenic keratocysts and adenomatoid odontogenic tumors were significantly different from that in conventional ameloblastomas and that in unicystic ameloblastomas (p < 0.05). The expression of PEA3 was significantly different in the age groups of unicystic ameloblastomas and histological subtypes of conventional ameloblastomas (p < 0.05).ConclusionPEA3 overexpression is predominant in unicystic ameloblastomas and conventional ameloblastomas compared to other odontogenic lesions, indicating a pivotal role of PEA3 as a downstream effector of MAPK pathway in these two odontogenic lesions.
Mid‐Pleistocene events influenced the current spatial structure of genetic diversity in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)
Authors: Łabiszak Bartosz , Wachowiak Witold 
Published: August 2023

AbstractScots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is one of the most important tree species of the temperate and boreal zones in Eurasia. Its wide distribution range and current patterns of genetic variation have been influenced by Quaternary climatic oscillations and the demographic processes connected to them. In order to better understand the relationship between evolutionary history and demographic factors in a widespread species with a large genome, we used the single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to genotype thousands of SNP markers across 62 natural populations (N = 686 trees) of Scots pine in Eurasia. This provides the largest range‐wide SNPs' genetic diversity assessment of Scots pine to date. Our findings show evidence of past admixture events between genetic clusters that were retained despite the potential for effective pollen‐mediated gene flow across the species' distribution range. We also examined the contemporary population structure of the species and analyzed the range‐wide genetic diversity patterns. Phylogenetic analyses and demographic modeling suggest that the observed divergence patterns between genetic lineages likely predate the last glaciation events. Two of the most distinctive groups are represented by trees from the eastern parts of Fennoscandia and Eastern Russia, which have remained separated since the mid‐Pleistocene. The patterns of genetic variation also confirm the dual colonization of Fennoscandia and the existence of an admixture zone in Central Europe that was formed during multiple waves of postglacial recolonization. This study provides insights into the genetic relationships of Scots pine populations from Europe and Asia and offers a more comprehensive understanding of the species' history.
The Religious Foundations of Welfare, Social Inclusion, and Anti‐Immigrant Attitudes in Europe
Authors: Ponce Aaron , Marquart‐Pyatt Sandra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper unites disparate literature to test the influence of religious belonging and behavior characteristics along with secular welfare boundaries on anti‐immigrant attitudes. We suggest that welfare states varied in their religious foundations during the transition from religious‐based solidarity to modern state‐based solidarity and formulate a novel analytical framework to hypothesize effects across individuals and welfare regime types. Using eight waves of the European Social Survey (2002–16), we find that religious effects are strongest in welfare states with the most religious foundations, the Southern European welfare states, and weak in the universalist welfare states, which lacked historical state‐church tensions. Other welfare types show a mix of religious effects, with some challenging expectations. Furthermore, Christian majority membership is often associated with heightened anti‐immigrant attitudes, most consistently in contrast to the non‐Christian minority. For welfare‐based forms of inclusion, we find consistent institutional trust effects and two competing logics for secular boundaries: a propensity for welfare chauvinism and a culture of inclusion.
Climate has contributed to population diversification of Daphnia galeata across Eurasia
Authors: Deng Zhixiong , Zhang Xiuping , Wolinska Justyna , Blair David , Hu Wei , Yin Mingbo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractClimate is a fundamental abiotic factor that plays a key role in driving the evolution, distribution and population diversification of species. However, there have been few investigations of genomic signatures of adaptation to local climatic conditions in cladocerans. Here, we have provided the first high‐quality chromosome‐level genome assembly (~143 Mb, scaffold N50 12.6 Mb) of the waterflea, Daphnia galeata, and investigated genomic variation in 22 populations from Central Europe and Eastern China. Our ecological‐niche models suggested that the historic distribution of D. galeata in Eurasia was significantly affected by Quaternary climate fluctuations. We detected pronounced genomic and morphometric divergences between European and Chinese D. galeata populations. Such divergences could be partly explained by genomic signatures of thermal adaptation to distinct climate regimes: a set of candidate single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) potentially associated with climate were detected. These SNPs were in genes significantly enriched in the Gene ontology terms “determination of adult lifespan” and “translation repressor activity”, and especially, mthl5 and SOD1 involved in the IIS pathway, and EIF4EBP2 involved in the target of the rapamycin signalling pathway. Our study indicates that certain alleles might be associated with particular temperature regimes, playing a functional role in shaping the population structure of D. galeata at a large geographical scale. These results highlight the potential role of molecular variation in the response to climate variation, in the context of global climate change.
Soil phosphorus availability alters the correlations between root phosphorus‐uptake rates and net photosynthesis of dominant C3 and C4 species in a typical temperate grassland of Northern China
Authors: Zhang Weiyuan , Gong Jirui , Zhang Zihe , Song Liangyuan , Lambers Hans , Zhang Siqi , Dong Jiaojiao , Dong Xuede , Hu Yuxia 
Published: August 2023

Summary
Phosphorus (P) fertilization can alleviate a soil P deficiency in grassland ecosystems. Understanding plant functional traits that enhance P uptake can improve grassland management.
We measured impacts of P addition on soil chemical and microbial properties, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations ([NSC]), and root P‐uptake rate (PUR), morphology, anatomy, and exudation of two dominant grass species: Leymus chinensis (C3) and Cleistogenes squarrosa (C4).
For L. chinensis, PUR and Pn showed a nonlinear correlation. Growing more adventitious roots compensated for the decrease in P transport per unit root length, so that it maintained a high PUR. For C. squarrosa, PUR and Pn presented a linear correlation. Increased Pn was associated with modifications in root morphology, which further enhanced its PUR and a greater surplus of photosynthate and significantly stimulated root exudation (proxied by leaf [Mn]), which had a greater impact on rhizosheath micro‐environment and microbial PLFAs.
Our results present correlations between the PUR and the Pn of L. chinensis and C. squarrosa and reveal that NSC appeared to drive the modifications of root morphology and exudation; they provide more objective basis for more efficient P‐input in grasslands to address the urgent problem of P deficiency.