bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fossil organic carbon utilization in marine Arctic fjord sediments by subsurface micro-organisms
Authors: Ruben Manuel , Hefter Jens , Schubotz Florence , Geibert Walter , Butzin Martin , Gentz Torben , Grotheer Hendrik , Forwick Matthias , Szczuciński Witold , Mollenhauer Gesine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRock-derived or petrogenic organic carbon has traditionally been regarded as being non-bioavailable and bypassing the active carbon cycle when eroded. However, it has become apparent that this organic carbon might not be so inert, especially in fjord systems where petrogenic organic carbon influxes can be high, making its degradation another potential source of greenhouse gas emissions. The extent to which subsurface micro-organisms use this organic carbon is not well constrained, despite its potential impacts on global carbon cycling. Here, we performed compound-specific radiocarbon analyses on intact polar lipid–fatty acids of live micro-organisms from marine sediments in Hornsund Fjord, Svalbard. By this means, we estimate that local bacterial communities utilize between 5 ± 2% and 55 ± 6% (average of 25 ± 16%) of petrogenic organic carbon for their biosynthesis, providing evidence for the important role of petrogenic organic carbon as a substrate after sediment redeposition. We hypothesize that the lack of sufficient recently synthesized organic carbon from primary production forces micro-organisms into utilization of petrogenic organic carbon as an alternative energy source. The input of petrogenic organic carbon to marine sediments and subsequent utilization by subsurface micro-organisms represents a natural source of fossil greenhouse gas emissions over geological timescales.
Chromosome-level genome assembly and annotation of the prickly nightshade Solanum rostratum Dunal
Authors: Zhang Yue , Guo Wenchao , Yuan Zhili , Song Zhen , Wang Zhonghui , Gao Jinhui , Fu Weidong , Zhang Guoliang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe prickly nightshade Solanum rostratum, an annual malignant weed, is native to North America and has globally invaded 34 countries, causing serious threats to ecosystems, agriculture, animal husbandry, and human health. In this study, we constructed a chromosome-level genome assembly and annotation of S. rostratum. The contig-level genome was initially assembled in 898.42 Mb with a contig N50 of 62.00 Mb from PacBio high-fidelity reads. With Hi-C sequencing data scaffolding, 96.80% of the initially assembled sequences were anchored and orientated onto 12 pseudo-chromosomes, generating a genome of 869.69 Mb with a contig N50 of 72.15 Mb. We identified 649.92 Mb (72.26%) of repetitive sequences and 3,588 non-coding RNAs in the genome. A total of 29,694 protein-coding genes were predicted, with 28,154 (94.81%) functionally annotated genes. We found 99.5% and 91.3% complete embryophyta_odb10 genes in the pseudo-chromosomes genome and predicted gene datasets by BUSCO assessment. The present genomic resource provides essential information for subsequent research on the mechanisms of environmental adaptation of S. rostratum and host shift in Colorado potato beetles.
Sources of contamination in sediments of retention tanks and the influence of precipitation type on the size of pollution load
Authors: Matej-Łukowicz Karolina , Wojciechowska Ewa , Kolerski Tomasz , Nawrot Nicole , Kuliński Karol , Winogradow Aleksandra 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDensification of cities and urban population contributes to increased runoff and suspended solids and alteration of the urban water cycle. Nowadays, Blue-Green Infrastructure is promoted to increase a city’s resilience to floods; however, stormwater drainage systems, supported with retention tanks are still important in protecting urban areas against floods. Sediment accumulation in stormwater infrastructure relates to an issue of pollutants such as heavy metals, nutrients etc. Research on the origin of the pollutants associated with the suspension and ultimately sediment accumulated in sewage can bring new insights about processes in urban catchment areas. This is the first study, which is focused on the analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in bottom sediments collected from municipal retention tanks to verify the origin of the deposited pollutants immediately after pluvial floods. The research was additionally extended with water quality analyzes immediately after three types of weather: a dry period, typical precipitation (< 30 mm) and torrential rainfalls (2 events with daily precipitation over 30 mm which caused pluvial flooding of the city area). Analyses of sediments indicated that the main source of carbon and nitrogen in the bottom of the retention tanks had been brought with stormwater runoff from the city area. Organic nitrogen fertilizers appeared to be the main source of nitrogen, while the sources of organic carbon were mixed: C3 land plants, wood, and oil. Additionally, it was found that torrential rainfall caused a 23-fold increase of N-NO3 concentration, a sevenfold increase of P-PO4 concentration, and an over fivefold increase of concentration of organic matter, in comparison to typical precipitation.
Influence of jump height on the game efficiency in elite volleyball players
Authors: Pawlik Damian , Mroczek Dariusz 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe aim of the study was to verify the impact of the jump height measured during the serve, attack and block on their effectiveness. The analysis of the literature and observations lead to the hypothesis that despite the similarities in men's and women's volleyball, the nature of the way of playing between women and men differs. The observation covered 39 male and 24 female elite volleyball players. We used a proprietary software tool, namely OpenCV to assess the jump height library. The analysis was performed on the jump serve height (SJH), attack jump height (AJH), and block jump height (BJH). The following analysis was performed to confirm the differences in the height of the jump and partially confirm the hypothesis. The main difference between men's and women's volleyball is how the serve, attack and block jump height affect winning or losing match sets. In male volleyball players, there is a decrease in the parameters of SJH, AJH and BJH in subsequent sets of matches, while in female volleyball players this relationship is reversed. For men, it seems reasonable to strive to increase the height of a jump to maximize effective offensive actions, as well as to maintain the developed performance throughout a match. In women's volleyball, it is worth using such training measures that allow players would achieve their maximum jumping abilities from the first set, and the main training goal should be focused on the technique and tactics of the whole team.
Worn surface topography and mathematical modeling of Ti-6Al-3Mo-2Sn-2Zr-2Nb-1.5Cr alloy
Authors: Elshaer Ramadan N. , Ibrahim Khaled M. , Farahat Ahmed Ismail Zaky 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study aims at investigating worn surface topography and mathematical modeling of annealed Ti-6Al-3Mo-2Sn-2Zr-2Nb-1.5Cr alloy using response surface methodology (RSM). The alloy was subjected to three different regimes in order to study their effect on mechanical properties. First regime was applying cold deformation by compression until 15% drop in height at room temperature. The second regime was performing solution treated on the deformed samples at 920 °C for 15 min then air-cooled (AC) to ambient temperature. Third regime was applying aging on the deformed and solution treated specimen for 4 hr at 590 °C followed by air-cooling. Three different velocities (1, 1.5, and 2 m/s) were adopted to conduct dry sliding wear according to the experimental design technique (EDT). Gwyddion and Matlab softwares were used to detect worn surface photographs analytically and graphically. Maximum hardness of 425 HV20 was obtained for AC+Aging specimen, while minimum hardness of 353 HV20 was reported for the annealed specimen. Applying aging process after solution treatment enhanced considerably the wear property and this enhancement reached 98% as compared to the annealed condition. The relationship between input factors (hardness & velocity) and responses (Abbott Firestone zones) was demonstrated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The best models for Abbott Firestone zones (high peaks, exploitation, and voids) produced accurate data that could be estimated for saving time and cost. The results showed that the average surface roughness increases with increasing sliding velocity for all conditions except AC+Aging condition where the average surface roughness decreased with increasing sliding velocity. The results revealed that at low velocity and hardness, the material gives the highest exploitation zone (86%). While at high velocity and hardness, the material gives the lowest exploitation zone (70%). In general, the predicted results of mathematical model showed close agreement with experimental results, creating that models could be utilized to predict Abbott Firestone zones satisfactorily.
Natural vectors of Plasmodium knowlesi and other primate, avian and ungulate malaria parasites in Narathiwat Province, Southern Thailand
Authors: Yanmanee Surasuk , Seethamchai Sunee , Kuamsab Napaporn , Karaphan Sunate , Suwonkerd Wannapa , Jongwutiwes Somchai , Putaporntip Chaturong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo date, four species of simian malaria parasites including Plasmodium knowlesi, P. cynomolgi, P. inui and P. fieldi have been incriminated in human infections in Thailand. Although the prevalence of malaria in macaque natural hosts has been investigated, their vectors remain unknown in this country. Herein, we performed a survey of Anopheles mosquitoes during rainy and dry seasons in Narathiwat Province, Southern Thailand. Altogether 367 Anopheles mosquitoes were captured for 40 nights during 18:00 to 06:00 h by using human-landing catches. Based on morphological and molecular identification, species composition comprised An. maculatus (37.06%), An. barbirostris s.l. (31.34%), An. latens (17.71%), An. introlatus (10.08%) and others (3.81%) including An. umbrosus s.l., An. minimus, An. hyrcanus s.l., An. aconitus, An. macarthuri and An.kochi. Analyses of individual mosquitoes by PCR, sequencing and phylogenetic inference of the mitochondrial cytochrome genes of both malaria parasites and mosquitoes have revealed that the salivary gland samples of An. latens harbored P. knowlesi (n = 1), P. inui (n = 2), P. fieldi (n = 1), P. coatneyi (n = 1), P. hylobati (n = 1) and an unnamed Plasmodium species known to infect both long-tailed and pig-tailed macaques (n = 2). The salivary glands of An. introlatus possessed P. cynomolgi (n = 1), P. inui (n = 1), P. hylobati (n = 1) and coexistence of P. knowlesi and P. inui (n = 1). An avian malaria parasite P. juxtanucleare has been identified in the salivary gland sample of An. latens. Three other distinct lineages of Plasmodium with phylogenetic affinity to avian malaria species were detected in An. latens, An. introlatus and An. macarthuri. Interestingly, the salivary gland sample of An. maculatus contained P. caprae, an ungulate malaria parasite known to infect domestic goats. Most infected mosquitoes harbored multiclonal Plasmodium infections. All Plasmodium-infected mosquitoes were captured during the first quarter of the night and predominantly occurred during rainy season. Since simian malaria in humans has a wide geographic distribution in Thailand, further studies in other endemic areas of the country are mandatory for understanding transmission and prevention of zoonotic malaria.
File-level malware detection using byte streams
Authors: Jeong Young-Seob , Mswahili Medard Edmund , Kang Ah Reum 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs more documents appear on the Internet, it becomes important to detect malware within the documents. Malware of non-executables might be more dangerous because people usually open them without worrying about inherent danger. Recently, deep learning models are used to analyze byte streams of the non-executables for malware detection. Although they have shown successful results, they are commonly designed for stream-level detection, but not for file-level detection. In this paper, we propose a new method that aggregates the stream-level results to get file-level results for malware detection. We demonstrate its effectiveness by experimental results with our annotated dataset, and show that it gives performance gain of 3.37–5.89% of F1 scores.
Morpho-physiological responses and growth indices of triticale to drought and salt stresses
Authors: Mohammadi Alagoz Soheyla , Hadi Hashem , Toorchi Mahmoud , Pawłowski Tomasz Andrzej , Asgari Lajayer Behnam , Price G. W. , Farooq Muhammad , Astatkie Tess 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSalinity and drought are two major abiotic stresses challenging global crop production and food security. In this study, the effects of individual and combined effects of drought (at different phenological stages) and salt stresses on growth, morphology, and physiology of triticale were evaluated. For this purpose, a 3 x 4 factorial design in three blocks experiment was conducted. The stress treatments included three levels of salinity (0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl) and four levels of drought (regular irrigation as well as irrigation disruption at heading, flowering, and kernel extension stages). The stresses, individual as well as combined, caused a significant decrease in chlorophyll contents, total dry matter, leaf area index, relative water content, and grain yield of triticale. In this regard, the highest reduction was recorded under combined stresses of 100 mM NaCl and drought stress at flowering. However, an increase in soluble sugars, leaf free proline, carotenoid contents, and electrolyte leakage was noted under stress conditions compared to the control. In this regard, the highest increase in leaf free proline, soluble sugars, and carotenoid contents were noted under the combination of severe salinity and drought stress imposed at the flowering stage. Investigating the growth indices in severe salinity and water deficit stress in different phenological stages shows the predominance of ionic stress over osmotic stress under severe salinity. The highest grain yield was observed under non-saline well-watered conditions whereas the lowest grain yield was recorded under severe salinity and drought stress imposed at the flowering stage. In conclusion, the flowering stage was more sensitive than the heading and kernel extension stages in terms of water deficit. The impact of salinity and water deficit was more pronounced on soluble sugars and leaf free proline; so, these criteria can be used as physiological indicators for drought and salinity tolerance in triticale.
Running demands and tactical individual actions of wingers appear to depend on the playing formations within an amateur football team
Authors: Izquierdo José María , Marqués-Jiménez Diego , Redondo Juan Carlos 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe examine the differences in running performance demands and tactical individual actions for male amateur football wingers in four tactical formations: 4-2-3-1, 4-4-2, 3-5-2 and 3-4-2-1 during an entire season. Running demands were assessed in terms of: total distance run; distance traveled at 3 different speed ranges (Jogging, Running, and Sprinting); and number of accelerations registered in two different magnitude bands (Medium and High) while tactical individual actions were assessed through 3269 team match observations. 3-5-2 formation entails the highest running demands, exhibiting significant disparities in Jogging when compared to 4-2-3-1 and 3-5-2, in Sprinting when comparing 4-2-3-1 with both the 3-5-2 and the 3-4-2-1 formations. Moreover, the wingers in the 3-5-2 formation demonstrate the lowest scores in various tactical individual actions, including Shots: 3-5-2 vs. 3-4-2-1; Goal Area Shots: 3-5-2 vs. 3-4-2-1; and Dribbles: 3-5-2 vs. 3-4-2-1. Finally, wingers registered the highest levels of defensive tactical individual actions in 4-4-2 and 3-5-2. Findings suggest it would be of benefit for coaches to focus on formulating specific training plans to address the specific demands placed on wingers playing in these amateur matches and running performance demands and tactical individual actions should be considered together with tactical formation.
Indirect CRISPR screening with photoconversion revealed key factors of drug resistance with cell–cell interactions
Authors: Sugita Keisuke , Onishi Iichiroh , Nakayama Ran , Ishibashi Sachiko , Ikeda Masumi , Inoue Miori , Narita Rina , Oshima Shiori , Shimizu Kaho , Saito Shinichiro , Sato Shingo , Moriarity Branden S. , Yamamoto Kouhei , Largaespada David A. , Kitagawa Masanobu , Kurata Morito 
Published: June 2023

AbstractComprehensive screenings to clarify indirect cell–cell interactions, such as those in the tumor microenvironment, especially comprehensive assessments of supporting cells’ effects, are challenging. Therefore, in this study, indirect CRISPR screening for drug resistance with cell–cell interactions was invented. The photoconvertible fluorescent protein Dendra2 was inducted to supporting cells and explored the drug resistance responsible factors of supporting cells with CRISPR screenings. Random mutated supporting cells co-cultured with leukemic cells induced drug resistance with cell–cell interactions. Supporting cells responsible for drug resistance were isolated with green-to-red photoconversion, and 39 candidate genes were identified. Knocking out C9orf89, MAGI2, MLPH, or RHBDD2 in supporting cells reduced the ratio of apoptosis of cancer cells. In addition, the low expression of RHBDD2 in supporting cells, specifically fibroblasts, of clinical pancreatic cancer showed a shortened prognosis, and a negative correlation with CXCL12 was observed. Indirect CRISPR screening was established to isolate the responsible elements of cell–cell interactions. This screening method could reveal unknown mechanisms in all kinds of cell–cell interactions by revealing live phenotype-inducible cells, and it could be a platform for discovering new targets of drugs for conventional chemotherapies.
Sulcal morphology of posteromedial cortex substantially differs between humans and chimpanzees
Authors: Willbrand Ethan H. , Maboudian Samira A. , Kelly Joseph P. , Parker Benjamin J. , Foster Brett L. , Weiner Kevin S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecent studies identify a surprising coupling between evolutionarily new sulci and the functional organization of human posteromedial cortex (PMC). Yet, no study has compared this modern PMC sulcal patterning between humans and non-human hominoids. To fill this gap in knowledge, we first manually defined over 2500 PMC sulci in 120 chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes) hemispheres and 144 human hemispheres. We uncovered four new sulci, and quantitatively identified species differences in sulcal incidence, depth, and surface area. Interestingly, some sulci are more common in humans and others, in chimpanzees. Further, we found that the prominent marginal ramus of the cingulate sulcus differs significantly between species. Contrary to classic observations, the present results reveal that the surface anatomy of PMC substantially differs between humans and chimpanzees—findings which lay a foundation for better understanding the evolution of neuroanatomical-functional and neuroanatomical-behavioral relationships in this highly expanded region of the human cerebral cortex.
Wavefront error of PHI/HRT on Solar Orbiter at various heliocentric distances
Authors: Kahil F. , Gandorfer A. , Hirzberger J. , Calchetti D. , Sinjan J. , Valori G. , Solanki S. K. , Van Noort M. , Albert K. , Albelo Jorge N. , Alvarez-Herrero A. , Appourchaux T. , Bellot Rubio L. R. , Blanco Rodríguez J. , Feller A. , Fiethe B. , Germerott D. , Gizon L. , Guerrero L. , Gutierrez-Marques P. , Kolleck M. , Korpi-Lagg A. , Michalik H. , Moreno Vacas A. , Orozco Suárez D. , Pérez-Grande I. , Sanchis Kilders E. , Schou J. , Schühle U. , Staub J. , Strecker H. , del Toro Iniesta J. C. , Volkmer R. , Woch J. 
Published: June 2023

Aims.We use wavefront sensing to characterise the image quality of the High Resolution Telescope (HRT) of the Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager (SO/PHI) data products during the second remote sensing window of the Solar Orbiter (SO) nominal mission phase. Our ultimate aims are to reconstruct the HRT data by deconvolving with the HRT point spread function (PSF) and to correct for the effects of optical aberrations on the data.Methods.We use a pair of focused–defocused images to compute the wavefront error and derive the PSF of HRT by means of a phase diversity (PD) analysis.Results.The wavefront error of HRT depends on the orbital distance of SO to the Sun. At distances > 0.5 au, the wavefront error is small, and stems dominantly from the inherent optical properties of HRT. At distances < 0.5 au, the thermo-optical effect of the Heat Rejection Entrance Window (HREW) becomes noticeable. We develop an interpolation scheme for the wavefront error that depends on the thermal variation of the HREW with the distance of SO to the Sun. We also introduce a new level of image reconstruction, termed ‘aberration correction’, which is designed to reduce the noise caused by image deconvolution while removing the aberrations caused by the HREW.Conclusions.The computed PSF via phase diversity significantly reduces the degradation caused by the HREW in the near-perihelion HRT data. In addition, the aberration correction increases the noise by a factor of only 1.45 compared to the factor of 3 increase that results from the usual PD reconstructions.
Asymptomatic Bone Marrow Edema in Weight-bearing Bones in Athletes
and Military Trainees: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Karimi Amir , El-Abtah Mohamed , Sinkler Margaret , Faraji Navid , Voos James , Harlow Ethan , Miskovsky Shana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAsymptomatic bone marrow edema (aBME) is a non-specific radiographic finding
often found in athletes. Although aBME may represent the body's
physiological response to training load, the etiology, MRI characteristics, and
natural history of aBME remain unknown. To better characterize aBME in the lower
extremities of military trainees and athletes. A systematic literature review in
accordance with PRISMA guidelines was performed to identify primary research
articles reporting on aBME in the lower extremities of athletes and military
trainees. We identified 347 unique articles and after applying inclusion and
exclusion criteria, 10 articles were included for qualitative synthesis. There
were a total of 444 patients with an average age of 28.4±9.6 included.
The most commonly used MRI sequences were proton-density with fat-saturation and
T1-weighted imaging. The pattern of BME was inconsistently described, with
various classification schemas used. The changes in aBME during longitudinal
follow-up were dynamic and demonstrated both radiographic progression and
regression. aBME is a highly prevalent and radiographically dynamic entity
observed in high-level athletes and military trainees. Although follow-up was
limited in the included studies, aBME may represent a natural, non-pathologic,
reaction in response to specific biomechanical stressors.
Base-Promoted 1,6-Aza-Michael Addition of Azauracils to para-Quinone Methides
Authors: Dash Rupashri , Hota Sudhir Kumar , Murarka Sandip 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe report an efficient higher order conjugate addition of azauracils to substituted para-quinone methides (p-QMs) mediated by triethylamine to furnish hitherto unknown diarylmethane scaffolds through construction of a C–N bond. The protocol features mild conditions, high atom economy, and broad scope, and enables convenient access to biologically relevant new chemical entities (NCEs) comprised of p-QM and azauracil hybrids in good to excellent yields.