bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of dietary fiber level on growth performance, apparent digestibility, intestinal development, and colonic microbiota and metabolome of pigs
Authors: Zhao Yan , Liu Chang , Niu Jin , Cui Zixu , Zhao Xinyu , Li Wenxin , Zhang Yanwei , Yang Yang , Gao Pengfei , Guo Xiaohong , Li Bugao , Kim Sung Woo , Cao Guoqing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the roughage tolerance of different breeds of pigs. Mashen (MS; n = 80) and Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire (DLY; n = 80) pigs with an initial body weight of 20 ± 0.5 kg were randomly allotted to four diet treatments (n = 20 of each breed) with different fiber levels. The dietary fiber levels increased by adding 0% to 28% soybean hull to replace corn and soybean meal partially. According to the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) level, all treatments were MS_9N (9% NDF), MS_13.5N (13.5% NDF), MS_18N (18% NDF), MS_22.5N (22.5% NDF), DLY_9N (9% NDF), DLY_13.5N (13.5% NDF), DLY_18N (18% NDF), and DLY_22.5N (22.5% NDF). The growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and colonic short-chain fatty acids of pigs were measured. The colonic microbiota and metabolome were analyzed using 16S rDNA gene sequencing and UHPLC–MS/MS. The average daily gain and daily feed intake of MS_18N and DLY_13.5N were increased compared with MS_9N and DLY_9N, respectively (P &lt; 0.05). The digestibility of NDF and acid detergent fiber of MS_18N were greater than that of MS_9N (P &lt; 0.05). The villus height/crypt depth (V/C) of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of MS_18N and MS_22.5N increased compared with MS_9N (P &lt; 0.05), and the V/C of duodenum and ileum of DLY_22.5N decreased compared with DLY_9N (P &lt; 0.05). The colonic acetic acid and butyric acid concentrations of MS_18N were greater than those of MS_9N and MS_13.5N (P &lt; 0.05). The concentrations of acetic acid and butyric acid of DLY_13.5N increased compared with DLY_9N (P &lt; 0.05). Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group in MS_18N and Methanobrevibacter in MS_22.5N increased compared with other groups (P &lt; 0.05). Increasing the NDF level in diets changed the lipid and amino acid metabolism pathways. In conclusion, appropriate fiber levels can promote pigs’ growth performance and intestinal development. The optimum fiber level of the MS pig was 18% NDF, while that of the DLY pig was 13.5%. This result indicates that MS pigs had strong fiber fermentation ability due to the higher abundance of the colonic microbiota that could fully ferment fiber and provide extra energy to MS pigs.
Priority for Organ Donors in the Allocation of Organs: Priority Rules from the Perspective of Equality of Opportunity
Authors: Albertsen Andreas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Should priority in the allocation of organs be given to those who have previously donated or declared their willingness to do so? This article examines the Israeli priority rule in light of two prominent critiques of priority rules, pertaining to failure to reciprocate and unfairness. The scope and content of these critiques are interpreted from the perspective of equality of opportunity. Because the Israeli priority rule may be reasonably criticized for unfairness and failing to reward certain behaviors, the article develops an adjusted priority rule, which removes and adjust the elements in the Israeli priority rule deemed problematic. However, such a priority rule is complex to the extent that it may fail to increase donation rates and furthermore introduce new concerns of fairness, as the better off may be better able to navigate the complex adjusted priority rule.
Transcriptomic and metabolic profiling of watermelon uncovers the role of salicylic acid and flavonoids in the resistance to cucumber green mottle mosaic virus
Authors: Liu Mei , Kang Baoshan , Wu Huijie , Aranda Miguel A , Peng Bin , Liu Liming , Fei Zhangjun , Hong Ni , Gu Qinsheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying plant resistance to virus infections is crucial for viral disease management in agriculture. However, the defense mechanism of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) against cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) infection remains largely unknown. In this study, we performed transcriptomic, metabolomic, and phytohormone analyses of a CGMMV susceptible watermelon cultivar ‘Zhengkang No.2’ (‘ZK’) and a CGMMV resistant wild watermelon accession PI 220778 (PI) to identify the key regulatory genes, metabolites, and phytohormones responsible for CGMMV resistance. We then tested several phytohormones and metabolites for their roles in watermelon CGMMV resistance via foliar application, followed by CGMMV inoculation. Several phenylpropanoid metabolism-associated genes and metabolites, especially those involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, were found to be significantly enriched in the CGMMV-infected PI plants compared with the CGMMV-infected ‘ZK’ plants. We also identified a gene encoding UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) that is involved in kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside biosynthesis and controls disease resistance, as well as plant height. Additionally, salicylic acid (SA) biogenesis increased in the CGMMV-infected ‘ZK’ plants, resulting in the activation of a downstream signaling cascade. SA levels in the tested watermelon plants correlated with that of total flavonoids, and SA pre-treatment up-regulated the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes, thus increasing the total flavonoid content. Furthermore, application of exogenous SA or flavonoids extracted from watermelon leaves suppressed CGMMV infection. In summary, our study demonstrates the role of SA-induced flavonoid biosynthesis in plant development and CGMMV resistance, which could be used to breed for CGMMV resistance in watermelon.
Trinity II: The luminosity-dependent bias of the supermassive black hole mass–galaxy mass relation for bright quasars at z = 6
Authors: Zhang Haowen , Behroozi Peter , Volonteri Marta , Silk Joseph , Fan Xiaohui , Aird James , Yang Jinyi , Hopkins Philip F 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Using recent empirical constraints on the dark matter halo–galaxy–supermassive black hole (SMBH) connection from z = 0–7, we infer how undermassive, typical, and overmassive SMBHs contribute to the quasar luminosity function (QLF) at z = 6. We find that beyond Lbol = 5 × 1046 erg s−1, the z = 6 QLF is dominated by SMBHs that are at least 0.3 dex above the z = 6 median M•–M* relation. The QLF is dominated by typical SMBHs (i.e. within ±0.3 dex around the M•–M* relation) at Lbol ≲ 1045 erg s−1. At z ∼ 6, the intrinsic M•–M* relation for all SMBHs is slightly steeper than the z = 0 scaling, with a similar normalization at $M_* \sim 10^{11} \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$. We also predict the M•–M* relation for z = 6 bright quasars selected by different bolometric luminosity thresholds, finding very good agreement with observations. For quasars with Lbol &gt; 3 × 1046 (1048) erg s−1, the scaling relation is shifted upwards by ∼0.35 (1.0) dex for 1011M⊙ galaxies. To accurately measure the intrinsic M•–M* relation, it is essential to include fainter quasars with Lbol ≲ 1045 erg s−1. At high redshifts, low-luminosity quasars are thus the best targets for understanding typical formation paths for SMBHs in galaxies.
ES Risks and Shareholder Voice
Authors: He Yazhou Ellen , Kahraman Bige , Lowry Michelle 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We examine whether shareholder votes in environmental and social (ES) proposals are informative about firms’ ES risks. ES proposals are unique in that they nearly always fail. We examine whether mutual funds’ support for these failed proposals contains information about the ES risks that firms face. Higher support in failed ES proposals predicts subsequent ES incidents and the effects of these incidents on shareholder value. Examining the detailed records of fund votes, we find that agency frictions between a group of shareholders contribute to proposal failure.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online
Supporting Medical Education Innovation: Evaluation of a Grants Initiative
Authors: Santen Sally A. , Van Rite Eric , Hammoud Maya , Lomis Kimberly D. , Elliott Victoria Stagg , Heckman Kevin , Andrews John S. , Ayala Sarah B. , Richardson Judee 
Published: May 2023

Problem
Medical education must evolve to meet the changing needs of patients and communities. Innovation is a critical component of that evolution. As medical educators pursue innovative curricula, assessments, and evaluation techniques, the impact of innovations may be limited by minimal funding. The American Medical Association (AMA) Innovation Grant Program, launched in 2018, seeks to address the gap in funding and stimulate educational innovation and research in medical education.

Approach
In 2018 and 2019, the Innovation Grant Program targeted innovation in content areas including health systems science, competency-based medical education, coaching, learning environment, and emerging technology. The authors reviewed the content of applications and final reports for the 27 projects completed during the first 2 years of the program. They also noted measures of success (completion of project, achievement of grant objectives, development of transferrable educational product, dissemination).

Outcomes
In 2018, the AMA received 52 submissions and funded 13 proposals, dispersing $290,000 ($10,000 and $30,000 grants). In 2019, the AMA received 80 submissions and funded 15 proposals, dispersing $345,000. Among the 27 completed grants, 17 (63%) supported innovations related to health systems science. Fifteen (56%) were used to create educational products that could be shared, such as new assessment tools, curricula, and teaching modules. Five grant recipients (29%) published articles and 15 (56%) presented at national conferences.

Next Steps
The grant program advanced educational innovations, particularly in health systems science. The next steps will involve examining the long-term outcomes and impact of the completed projects on medical students, patients, and the health system; the professional development of the grantees; and the adoption and dissemination of the innovations.
The Impact of Lumbopelvic Realignment Versus Prevention Strategies at the Upper-instrumented Vertebra on the Rates of Junctional Failure Following Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery
Authors: Passias Peter G. , Williamson Tyler K. , Joujon-Roche Rachel , Krol Oscar , Tretiakov Peter , Imbo Bailey , Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Owusu-Sarpong Stephane , Lebovic Jordan , Mir Jamshaid , Dave Pooja , McFarland Kimberly , Vira Shaleen , Diebo Bassel G. , Park Paul , Chou Dean , Smith Justin S. , Lafage Renaud , Lafage Virginie 
Published: May 2023

Study Design/setting.
Retrospective

Objective.
Evaluate the surgical technique that has the greatest influence on the rate of junctional failure following ASD surgery.

Summary of Background Data.
Differing presentations of adult spinal deformity(ASD) may influence the extent of surgical intervention and the use of prophylaxis at the base or the summit of a fusion construct to influence junctional failure rates.

Materials and Methods.
ASD patients with two-year(2Y) data and at least 5-level fusion to the pelvis were included. Patients were divided based on UIV: [Longer Construct: T1-T4; Shorter Construct: T8-T12]. Parameters assessed included matching in age-adjusted PI-LL or PT, aligning in GAP-relative pelvic version or Lordosis Distribution Index. After assessing all lumbopelvic radiographic parameters, the combination of realigning the two parameters with the greatest minimizing effect of PJF constituted a good base. Good s was defined as having: (1) prophylaxis at UIV (tethers, hooks, cement), (2) no lordotic change(under-contouring) greater than 10° of the UIV, (3) preoperative UIV inclination angle<30°. Multivariable regression analysis assessed the effects of junction characteristics and radiographic correction individually and collectively on the development of PJK and PJF in differing construct lengths, adjusting for confounders.

Results.
In all, 261 patients were included. The cohort had lower odds of PJK(OR: 0.5,[0.2–0.9];P=0.044) and PJF was less likely (OR: 0.1,[0.0–0.7];P=0.014) in the presence of a good summit. Normalizing pelvic compensation had the greatest radiographic effect on preventing PJF overall (OR: 0.6,[0.3–1.0];P=0.044). In shorter constructs, realignment had a greater effect on decreasing the odds of PJF(OR: 0.2,[0.02–0.9];P=0.036). With longer constructs, a good summit lowered the likelihood of PJK(OR: 0.3,[0.1–0.9];P=0.027). A good base led to zero occurrences of PJF. In patients with severe frailty/osteoporosis, a good summit lowered the incidence of PJK(OR: 0.4,[0.2–0.9]; P=0.041) and PJF (OR: 0.1,[0.01–0.99];P=0.049).

Conclusion.
To mitigate junctional failure, our study demonstrated the utility of individualizing surgical approaches to emphasize an optimal basal construct. Achievement of tailored goals at the cranial end of the surgical construct may be equally important, especially for higher-risk patients with longer fusions.

Level of Evidence.
3.
Mohs Micrographic Surgery With Digital Pathology Improves Surgical Quality and Efficiency: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Cho Mi Yeon , Kim Soo Chan , Choi Ye Seul , Jang Dong Su , Heo Seok-Jae , Choi Yoon Jung , Chung Kee-Yang , Roh Mi Ryung , Kim Jihee 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND
Mohs micrographic surgery, involving pathology of the surgical margin, has the lowest recurrence rate for skin cancer. Moreover, because of technological advances, digital pathology systems are gradually being adopted in hospitals. Yongin Severance Hospital was the first hospital to construct a fully digitalized pathology system in Korea.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficiency and characteristics of the digital pathology system for Mohs micrographic surgery.

METHODS
The medical records of 80 patients with skin cancer who underwent Mohs micrographic surgery from March 2020 to August 2022 were analyzed for the number of frozen margins, number of stages, operation time, and recurrence rate to compare cases based on the pathology system.

RESULTS
Overall, 23 and 57 patients were examined using the conventional and digital pathology systems, respectively. The mean number of final stages was 0.494 lower (p-value = .008), the time from the previous to the next stage was 0.687-fold shorter (p = .002), and the rate of switching from positive to negative margins was 1.990 times higher (p = .044) in the digital than the conventional group.

LIMITATIONS
Retrospective single-center experience; short follow-up time.

CONCLUSION
Digital pathology reduces operative time and increases accuracy in Mohs micrographic surgery.
Nasal Retainer 2.0: A New, Cheap, and Reliable Method to Prepare Custom-made Nostril Retainer for Nasal Reconstruction
Authors: Torresetti Matteo , Pau Alberto , Pelliccioni Michele , Di Benedetto Giovanni 
Published: May 2023

Summary:
Total nasal reconstruction always represents a challenge for the plastic surgeon, who must deal both with the reconstructive procedure and compliance of the patient. This kind of reconstruction often requires more than one step. Therefore, more prolonged and emphasized scarring than normal can occur, thus resulting in a higher risk of nostril stenosis. Although several nasal retainers have been described, traditional premade retainers could be poorly tolerated by patients and need to be adequately customized to improve patient compliance. Herein, the authors propose a new, cheap, and reliable method to prepare customized nasal retainers which can be used after every step of nasal reconstruction.
Long Term Cardiovascular Health Effects of Intelligent Physical Exercise Training Among Office Workers—A 2 Year Follow up of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Christiansen Helle Joon , Søgaard Karen , Justesen Just Bendix , Sjøgaard Gisela , Dalager Tina 
Published: May 2023

Objective
The aim of the study is to assess long-term effects of intelligent physical exercise training (IPET) on cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) and cardiometabolic measures.

Methods
Office workers were randomized to a control group (CG, n = 194) or a training group (TG, n = 193). The TG received 1-hour weekly IPET during paid working hours for 2 years and recommendations to perform 30-minute leisure time physical activity 6 d/wk (LPA).

Results
Training group compared with CG demonstrated a significantly larger increase in VO2max of 0.13 ± 0.06 L/min and improved cardiometabolic measures at 1-year follow-up that were maintained at 2-year follow-up, with larger increases in VO2max among high-adherence participants.

Conclusions
Intelligent physical exercise training and LPA showed the potential for long-term improved VO2max and cardiometabolic measures. These findings emphasize the effectiveness of integrating IPET during paid working hours, and the significance of adherence to training was underlined.
Responsible Imputation of Missing Speech Perception Testing Data & Analysis of 4,739 Observations and Predictors of Performance
Authors: Pavelchek Cole , Lee David S. , Walia Amit , Michelson Andrew P. , Ortmann Amanda , Gentile Brynn , Herzog Jacques A. , Buchman Craig A. , Shew Matthew A. 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTo address outcome heterogeneity in cochlear implant (CI) research, we built imputation models using multiple imputation by chained equations (MICEs) and K-nearest neighbors (KNNs) to convert between four common open-set testing scenarios: Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant word (CNCw), Arizona Biomedical (AzBio) in quiet, AzBio +5, and AzBio +10. We then analyzed raw and imputed data sets to evaluate factors affecting CI outcome variability.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study of a national CI database (HERMES) and a nonoverlapping single-institution CI database.SettingMulti-institutional (32 CI centers).PatientsAdult CI recipients (n = 4,046 patients).Main Outcome Measure(s)Mean absolute error (MAE) between imputed and observed speech perception scores.ResultsImputation models of preoperative speech perception measures demonstrate a MAE of less than 10% for feature triplets of CNCw/AzBio in quiet/AzBio +10 (MICE: MAE, 9.52%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.40–9.64; KNN: MAE, 8.93%; 95% CI, 8.83–9.03) and AzBio in quiet/AzBio +5/AzBio +10 (MICE: MAE, 8.85%; 95% CI, 8.68–9.02; KNN: MAE, 8.95%; 95% CI, 8.74–9.16) with one feature missing. Postoperative imputation can be safely performed with up to four of six features missing in a set of CNCw and AzBio in quiet at 3, 6, and 12 months postcochlear implantation using MICE (MAE, 9.69%; 95% CI, 9.63–9.76). For multivariable analysis of CI performance prediction, imputation increased sample size by 72%, from 2,756 to 4,739, with marginal change in adjustedR2(0.13 raw, 0.14 imputed).ConclusionsMissing data across certain sets of common speech perception tests may be safely imputed, enabling multivariate analysis of one of the largest CI outcomes data sets to date.
Audiometric Outcomes After the Middle Cranial Fossa Repair of Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence
Authors: Yang Hong-Ho , Yang Isaac , Gopen Quinton S. 
Published: May 2023

Objective
To evaluate the audiometric outcomes after the middle cranial fossa approach (MCF) for superior canal dehiscence (SCD) repair.

Study Design
Retrospective review.

Setting
Tertiary referral center.

Patients
SCD cases presented to a single institution between 2012 and 2022.

Interventions
The MCF repair of SCD.

Main Outcome Measures
Air conduction (AC) threshold (250–8,000 Hz), bone conduction threshold (BC) (250–4,000 Hz), and air bone gap (ABG) (250–4,000 Hz) at each frequency, pure tone average (PTA) (500, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 Hz).

Results
Among 202 repairs, 57% were bilateral SCD disease and 9% had previous surgery on the affected ear. The approach significantly narrowed ABG at 250, 500, and 1,000 Hz. The narrowing of ABG was achieved by both decreased AC and increased BC at 250 Hz, but mediated primarily by increased BC at 500 Hz and 1,000 Hz. Among cases without previous ear surgery, mean PTA remained in the normal hearing range (mean: preop, 21 dB; postop, 24 dB) and clinically important hearing loss (PTA increased by ≥10 dB) after the approach was noted in 15% of cases. Among cases with previous ear surgery, mean PTA remained in the mild hearing loss range (mean: preop, 33 dB; postop, 35 dB) and clinically important hearing loss after the approach was noted in 5% of cases.

Conclusion
This is the largest study to date examining the audiometric outcomes after the middle cranial fossa approach for SCD repair. Findings of this investigation support that the approach is effective and safe with long-term hearing preservation for most.
New Perspectives on Treatment of Depression in Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Carney Robert M. , Freedland Kenneth E. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
It has been 35 years since we published a study in Psychosomatic Medicine showing that patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and major depression were at twice the risk for having a cardiac event as were nondepressed patients (1). This small study was followed a few years later by a larger, more convincing report from Frasure-Smith and Lespérance showing that depression increased the rate of mortality in patients with a recent acute myocardial infarction (2). Since the 1990s, there have been many more studies of depression as a risk factor for cardiac events and cardiac-related mortality from all over the world, and many clinical trials designed to determine whether treating depression improves medical outcomes in these patients. Unfortunately, the effects of depression treatment in patients with CHD remain unclear. This manuscript considers why it has been difficult to determine whether treatment of depression improves survival in these patients. It also proposes several lines of research to address this question, with the goal of definitively establishing whether treating depression can extend cardiac event-free survival and enhance quality of life in patients with CHD.