bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constrained ‘choices’: Optional familism and educational divides in work‐family arrangements
Authors: Jozwiak Andreas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGerman family policy was dramatically reformed in the 2000s because of dual reforms to parental leave and childcare provision. While considerable evidence has suggested the reforms affected employment and other outcomes, this article asks what the consequences of these reforms are for the family, specifically for patterns of work‐family arrangements. Moreover, it asks how education matters for work‐family arrangements post‐reform. Using German Socio‐Economic Panel data, I show that college‐educated mothers giving birth to their first child after the reforms earned roughly half of household income if they benefited from expanded local childcare access. By contrast, in areas with lower childcare availability, even among the college‐educated, mothers' earnings resemble pre‐reform patterns, where mothers earn between a quarter to a third of household income. Therefore, the reforms contributed to greater differences in family structures based on the education. One interpretation of these findings is that the status reproducing nature of the Continental welfare states has recalibrated for the modern age, de‐gendered for those with the greatest labour market returns.
Integrative approach resolves the systematics of barred wolf snakes in the Lycodon striatus complex (Reptilia, Colubridae)
Authors: Amarasinghe Amarasinghe A. Thasun , Masroor Rafaqat , Lalremsanga Hmar T. , Weerakkody Sanjaya , Ananjeva Natalia B. , Campbell Patrick D. , Kennedy‐Gold Stevie R. , Bandara Sanjaya K. , Bragin Andrey M. , Gayan Atthanagoda K. A. , Sharma Vivek R. , Sayyed Amit , Biakzuala Lal , Kanishka Andradige S. , Ganesh Sumaithangi R. , Ineich Ivan , de Silva Anslem , Wickramasinghe Lakshman J. M. , Seneviratne Sampath S. , Poyarkov Nikolay A. , Vogel Gernot , Jablonski Daniel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe reviewed the systematics of Lycodon striatus (Shaw, 1802), including all available name‐bearing types of its synonyms after evaluating phylogeographic (genetics), morphological (morphometry, meristic, and hemipenes), osteological and distribution evidence. Lycodon striatus sensu lato is widely distributed throughout South and Central Asia and mimics elapids. Based on phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA, we demonstrate that populations from (i) eastern and central Peninsular India plus Sri Lanka and (ii) south‐western parts of Central Asia form two different clades representing two distinct species: L. striatus sensu stricto and L. bicolor comb. nov. respectively. These two clades are sisters to L. deccanensis (in the case of L. striatus) and L. jara (in the case of L. bicolor) and together form two main sister radiations. Although the external morphological variability is high in both species, the genetic variability is higher only in L. striatus but not distinct enough to represent more than one species if using the phylogenetic or biological species concept. The phylogeny of the L. aulicus group hints at Sri Lankan L. striatus, likely having evolved in continental Asia through a probable overland dispersal across the Bay of Bengal (present Palk Strait) into Sri Lanka. This dispersal may have been facilitated by low sea levels during the Pleistocene glaciations when Sri Lanka was connected to mainland India. After considering genetic divergence (with a p‐distance of 1.8%–2.1% in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene) and morphological evidence, we synonymize the Sri Lankan subspecies, L. s. sinhaleyus Deraniyagala, 1955, with L. striatus sensu stricto. The eastern and central Indian L. striatus (i.e. L. striatus sensu stricto) is morphologically distinct and deeply divergent genetically compared to Tajik and Pakistani L. bicolor with a p‐distance of 13.6% in cytochrome b gene (mtDNA). Interestingly, L. bicolor is conspecific (p‐distance 1.4%) with L. mackinnoni, a western Himalayan endemic, and it reveals intraspecific clinal variation.
Strongly invertible knots, equivariant slice genera, and an equivariant algebraic concordance group
Authors: Miller Allison N. , Powell Mark 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe use the Blanchfield form to obtain a lower bound on the equivariant slice genus of a strongly invertible knot. For our main application, let be a strongly invertible genus one slice knot with nontrivial Alexander polynomial. We show that the equivariant slice genus of an equivariant connected sum is at least . We also formulate an equivariant algebraic concordance group, and show that the kernel of the forgetful map to the classical algebraic concordance group is infinite rank.
Equivalent Beam Model and Improved Structure Design of Large Space Antenna Truss With Geometric Nonlinearity
Authors: Jiang Shi , Guo-Ping Cai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a extend linear equivalent method that can extend the linear equivalent micropolar beam model to the nonlinear equivalent micropolar beam model to analyze nonlinear vibration for large space truss structure, and also proposes a lattice enhancement method to improve the cantilever truss for the buckling problem that exists in space cantilever truss structures. The nonlinear equivalent model is obtained by introducing a corotating coordinate system into the linear equivalent beam model. Since the instability of the fixed root end of the cantilever truss is the main reason for buckling, the method of strengthening the longeron of the truss lattice by lattice is proposed. The accuracy of the equivalent geometric nonlinear model and the effectiveness of the improved cantilever truss structure are verified by four numerical simulation examples. The methods proposed in this paper provide some reference for studying the dynamics analysis of large space trusses and the design of structures.
Workflow Comparison for Combined 4D MRI/CFD Patient-Specific Cardiovascular Flow Simulations of the Thoracic Aorta
Authors: Tajeddini Farshad , Romero David A. , McClarty Davis , Chung Jennifer , Amon Cristina H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been widely used to predict and understand cardiovascular flows. However, the accuracy of CFD predictions depends on faithful reconstruction of patient vascular anatomy and accurate patient-specific inlet and outlet boundary conditions. 4-Dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (4D MRI) can provide patient-specific data to obtain the required geometry and time-dependent flow boundary conditions for CFD simulations, and can further be used to validate CFD predictions. This work presents a framework to combine both spatiotemporal 4D MRI data and patient monitoring data with CFD simulation workflows. To assist practitioners, all aspects of the modeling workflow, from geometry reconstruction to results postprocessing, are illustrated and compared using three software packages (ansys, comsol, SimVascular) to predict hemodynamics in the thoracic aorta. A sensitivity analysis with respect to inlet boundary condition is presented. Results highlight the importance of 4D MRI data for improving the accuracy of flow predictions on the ascending aorta and the aortic arch. In contrast, simulation results for the descending aorta are less sensitive to the patient-specific inlet boundary conditions.
Cultural considerations related to climate change and transition on the University of Otago - Ōtepoti campus
Authors: Tawera Kaila , Thompson-Fawcett Daizy 
Published: March 2023

Internationally, Indigenous communities have been some of the first to encounter the direct effects of climate change due to their relationship with the environment and its resources. Climate change can exacerbate political and economic marginalisation, loss of resources, social contexts and livelihoods. However, Iwi-Māori have been responding to the impacts of climate change and climate transition in creative ways, drawing on mātauranga Māori and hundreds of years of environmental experience and practice to devise solutions to tackle current and impending changes. Risk to Māori culture, heritage and social structures has been identified as major or extreme in the national climate change risk assessment. Therefore, using the University of Otago Otepoti campus as a case study, our research has explored some of the cultural imperatives and risks associated with climate change and transition. In our work, we have identified and mapped some of the key physical cultural features, local pūrakau, and aspirations for recognisable Indigenous futures on campus with a view to encouraging the integration of cultural considerations when reporting our climate transition endeavours.
As a result of this research, it is clear that the University would benefit from commissioning a detailed cultural narrative for the Ōtepoti site from mana whenua, which will help with developing actions such as the appropriate reintroduction of native flora and fauna corridors throughout the campus and the telling of local pūrakau throughout. In addition, the University would benefit from an enhanced bicultural partnership approach to leadership that could nurture the potential for the University environment to function as a sustainable Tiriti-based community.
Supervised by: Professor Michelle Thompson-Fawcett, Geography Department, Univeristy of OtagoScholarship co-funded by: Sustainability Office/Geography Department
Commuting Habits of the University of Otago Staff
Authors: Smith Caitlin 
Published: March 2023

Transport contributes greatly to CO2 emissions in New Zealand. Studies have suggested that this is because there is a great reliance on private cars with reduced incentive to use public or active transport. This research project looks at the current commuting habits of University of Otago employees and the potential barriers or facilitators surrounding a change in travel mode. This will be done by analyzing relevant academic literature which looks at barriers surrounding public transport use nationally and internationally. Data will also be obtained quantitatively through a survey which is sent to all university staff, and qualitatively through focus groups. The three research questions that this study will be conducted through are: What proportion of university employees use different travel modes and what are the reasons for this? What is the potential for mode shift? What are potential barriers or facilitators? Three major themes came up throughout this study and they relate to the frequency of service, waiting time, and travel time. This research seeks to find out how University of Otago staff could be encouraged or facilitated to use public or zero-emission transport. Furthermore, this research supports New Zealand’s Net Zero Emissions by 2050 goal.
Supervised by: Dr Vanessa Beanland & Associate Professor Rebecca McLean, University of OtagoScholarship funded by: Sustainability Office/Psychology Department, University of Otago
The impact of Cyflumetofen on demographic parameters of two predatory mites, Neoseiulus californicus (M-G) and Phytoseiulus persimilis (A-H)
Authors: Havasi Mohammadreza , Bandani Ali R. , Golpayegani Azadeh Zahedi 
Published: March 2023

The assessment of the long-term negative effects of acaricides on the target and non-target mites can help determine the toxicity and side effects of acaricides. The sublethal concentrations can be very precise and affect populations at concentrations lower than the conventional concentration and may supplement our knowledge about its sublethal effects on the physiology and behavior of insects/mites. Furthermore, we exposed the adults' biocontrol agents mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot and Neoseuilus californicus McGregor, to the LC10 and LC30 concentrations of the Cyflumetofen and then assayed the effects of these concentrations on the growth and development of the next generations under laboratory conditions. Analyzed data showed that sublethal concentrations of cyflumetofen significantly affected both species' biological parameters, including the total lifetime, fecundity, and longevity of the treated biocontrol agents compared with the control treatment. Due to our results, when P. persimilis and N. californicus adults were exposed to LC30 concentration of cyflumetofen, the length of the oviposition period of the treated P.persimilis and N. californicus were 20.34 and 19.66 days, respectively. At the same time, these values for the control-treated P. persimilis and N. californicus were 22.51 and 22.21, respectively. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) in control were 0.203 and 0.238, while those treated with LC10 and LC30 of cyflumetofen were estimated to be 0.238 and 0.214 for P. persimilis and 0.203 and 0.223 days−1, for N. californicus, respectively. Therefore, using sublethal concentrations of cyflumetofen is emphasized for designing integrated pest management programs and makes it possible to use biocontrol agents to control the spider mite; thus, it would benefit the farmers and consumers in the long run.
Spectroscopic investigation of atmospheric pressure ‘micro-plasma needle’
Authors: Masood Asad , Zaman Ayesha , Rehman N. U. , S.M.H M. Aniq , Khan M. Ibrahim , S. A M. Ali 
Published: March 2023

Plasma-based sterilization at atmospheric pressure in plasma needle configuration is a recently developing technique that has numerous applications in heat-sensitive materials and enhances biosensor properties. In this study, the capacitively coupled He–O2/Ar and He–N2/Ar mixtures [Formula: see text]-plasma at atmospheric pressure is characterized to find out the optimum condition of plasma-based sterilization for plasma needle. Trace rare gas actinometry based on optical emission spectroscopy has been used to estimate the [O] and [N] atomic densities as a function of discharge parameters i.e., applied pulsing voltage, gases concentration and different flow rates. Ar-1line Ar[Formula: see text] at 750 nm, N-I line [Formula: see text] at 746.8 nm and O-I line [Formula: see text] at 844.6 nm is used to determine the atomic densities of oxygen [O] and nitrogen [N]. Using the Boltzmann plot, the rotational temperature of He–N2/Ar and He–O2/Ar was calculated from the rotational levels of the “first negative system” (FNS) [Formula: see text]. The temperature of the gas increases as the pulsed DC power increases, but it drops as the gas flow rate in the mixture increases. The actinometric results show that both densities increase with applied pulsing voltage and molecular concentration of oxygen and nitrogen. Moreover, it is also observed that emission intensity ratios ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) also increase with an increase in applied pulsing voltage but they decrease with an increase in flow rate. Based on these results, it is suggested that the optimum conditions, in terms of [O] and [N] atomic densities, for plasma-based sterilization in needle configuration are 4% oxygen and nitrogen concentration at 4 kV applied pulsing voltage and 100[Formula: see text]SCCM flow rate.
Pulsed Field Ablation for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: PULSED AF Pivotal Trial
Authors: Verma Atul , Haines David E. , Boersma Lucas V. , Sood Nitesh , Natale Andrea , Marchlinski Francis E. , Calkins Hugh , Sanders Prashanthan , Packer Douglas L. , Kuck Karl-Heinz , Hindricks Gerhard , Onal Birce , Cerkvenik Jeffrey , Tada Hiroshi , DeLurgio David B. ,   on behalf of the PULSED AF Investigators
Published: March 2023

Background:
Pulsed field ablation uses electrical pulses to cause nonthermal irreversible electroporation and induce cardiac cell death. Pulsed field ablation may have effectiveness comparable to traditional catheter ablation while preventing thermally mediated complications.

Methods:
The PULSED AF pivotal study (Pulsed Field Ablation to Irreversibly Electroporate Tissue and Treat AF) was a prospective, global, multicenter, nonrandomized, paired single-arm study in which patients with paroxysmal (n=150) or persistent (n=150) symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) refractory to class I or III antiarrhythmic drugs were treated with pulsed field ablation. All patients were monitored for 1 year using weekly and symptomatic transtelephonic monitoring; 3-, 6-, and 12-month ECGs; and 6- and 12-month 24-hour Holter monitoring. The primary effectiveness end point was freedom from a composite of acute procedural failure, arrhythmia recurrence, or antiarrhythmic escalation through 12 months, excluding a 3-month blanking period to allow recovery from the procedure. The primary safety end point was freedom from a composite of serious procedure- and device-related adverse events. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to evaluate the primary end points.

Results:
Pulsed field ablation was shown to be effective at 1 year in 66.2% (95% CI, 57.9 to 73.2) of patients with paroxysmal AF and 55.1% (95% CI, 46.7 to 62.7) of patients with persistent AF. The primary safety end point occurred in 1 patient (0.7%; 95% CI, 0.1 to 4.6) in both the paroxysmal and persistent AF cohorts.

Conclusions:
PULSED AF demonstrated a low rate of primary safety adverse events (0.7%) and provided effectiveness consistent with established ablation technologies using a novel irreversible electroporation energy to treat patients with AF.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04198701.
Dentate Gyrus Integrity Is Necessary for Behavioral Pattern Separation But Not Statistical Learning
Authors: Wang Helena Shizhe , Rosenbaum R. Shayna , Baker Stevenson , Lauzon Claire , Batterink Laura J. , Köhler Stefan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Pattern separation, the creation of distinct representations of similar inputs, and statistical learning, the rapid extraction of regularities across multiple inputs, have both been linked to hippocampal processing. It has been proposed that there may be functional differentiation within the hippocampus, such that the trisynaptic pathway (entorhinal cortex &gt; dentate gyrus &gt; CA3 &gt; CA1) supports pattern separation, whereas the monosynaptic pathway (entorhinal cortex &gt; CA1) supports statistical learning. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the behavioral expression of these two processes in B. L., an individual with highly selective bilateral lesions in the dentate gyrus that presumably disrupt the trisynaptic pathway. We tested pattern separation with two novel auditory versions of the continuous mnemonic similarity task, requiring the discrimination of similar environmental sounds and trisyllabic words. For statistical learning, participants were exposed to a continuous speech stream made up of repeating trisyllabic words. They were then tested implicitly through a RT-based task and explicitly through a rating task and a forced-choice recognition task. B. L. showed significant deficits in pattern separation on the mnemonic similarity tasks and on the explicit rating measure of statistical learning. In contrast, B. L. showed intact statistical learning on the implicit measure and the familiarity-based forced-choice recognition measure. Together, these results suggest that dentate gyrus integrity is critical for high-precision discrimination of similar inputs, but not the implicit expression of statistical regularities in behavior. Our findings offer unique new support for the view that pattern separation and statistical learning rely on distinct neural mechanisms.
Asymetric Event-Related Potential Priming Effects Between English Letters and American Sign Language Fingerspelling Fonts
Authors: Sehyr Zed Sevcikova , Midgley Katherine J. , Emmorey Karen , Holcomb Phillip J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Letter recognition plays an important role in reading and follows different phases of processing, from early visual feature detection to the access of abstract letter representations. Deaf ASL–English bilinguals experience orthography in two forms: English letters and fingerspelling. However, the neurobiological nature of fingerspelling representations, and the relationship between the two orthographies, remains unexplored. We examined the temporal dynamics of single English letter and ASL fingerspelling font processing in an unmasked priming paradigm with centrally presented targets for 200 ms preceded by 100 ms primes. Event-related brain potentials were recorded while participants performed a probe detection task. Experiment 1 examined English letter-to-letter priming in deaf signers and hearing non-signers. We found that English letter recognition is similar for deaf and hearing readers, extending previous findings with hearing readers to unmasked presentations. Experiment 2 examined priming effects between English letters and ASL fingerspelling fonts in deaf signers only. We found that fingerspelling fonts primed both fingerspelling fonts and English letters, but English letters did not prime fingerspelling fonts, indicating a priming asymmetry between letters and fingerspelling fonts. We also found an N400-like priming effect when the primes were fingerspelling fonts which might reflect strategic access to the lexical names of letters. The studies suggest that deaf ASL–English bilinguals process English letters and ASL fingerspelling differently and that the two systems may have distinct neural representations. However, the fact that fingerspelling fonts can prime English letters suggests that the two orthographies may share abstract representations to some extent.
Seasonal and Yearly Controls of CO2 Fluxes in a Tropical Coastal Ocean
Authors: Swesi Abdulghani , Yusup Yusri , Ahmad Mardiana Idayu , Almdhun Haitem M. , Jamshidi Ehsan Jolous , Sigid Muhammad Fikri , Ibrahim Anis , Kayode John Stephen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) flux from Earth’s surface is a critical component of the global carbon budget, and the ocean surface is a significant CO2 source and sink. The tropical coast absorbs CO2 due to phytoplankton abundance and the all-year availability of photosynthetically active radiation. However, the role of the tropical coastal ocean in the global carbon budget is uncertain because of its underrepresentation in the literature. This study is the first to describe the variations of long-term CO2 flux in the tropical coast on monthly and annual scales using the eddy covariance method and remote sensing data. The 5-yr average of the CO2 flux is −0.089 ± 0.024 mmol m−2 day−1, which indicates that it is a moderate carbon sink. The results show that the CO2 flux varied seasonally: the fall transitional, southwest, spring transitional, and northeast monsoons partitioned the flux into three phases: increasing, stable, and decreasing. The rising and falling stages can be identified by the erratic behavior of the flux, whereas the stable phase’s fluxes were relatively constant. The environmental parameters that regulated CO2 flux were chlorophyll a, sea surface temperatures, wind, and atmospheric stability, which modulated the CO2 flux on the monthly time scale. Wavelet analysis corroborated the finding and revealed the role of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) on CO2 flux through El Niño–Southern Oscillation. On the monthly time scale, sea surface temperature only slightly affected the fluxes, unlike chlorophyll a, but temperature’s control on the flux became more apparent on the yearly time scale. These findings help us to understand the monthly and yearly controls of CO2 flux and could contribute to developing models for predicting the flux on the tropical coast.