bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Piece‐wise constant cluster modelling of dynamics of upwelling patterns
Authors: Nascimento Susana , Martins Alexandre , Relvas Paulo , Luís Joaquim F. , Mirkin Boris 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA comprehensive approach is presented to analyse season's coastal upwelling represented by weekly sea surface temperature (SST) image grids. Our three‐stage data recovery clustering method assumes that the season's upwelling can be divided into shorter periods of stability, ranges, each to be represented by a constant core and variable shell parts. Corresponding clustering algorithms parameters are automatically derived by using the least‐squares clustering criterion. The approach has been successfully applied to real‐world SST data covering two distinct regions: Portuguese coast and Morocco coast, for 16 years each.
Enhanced microwave absorption performance of geopolymer composites by incorporating hollow Fe3O4 nanospheres
Authors: Ding Enjie , Bai Ben , Wang Xue , Zhang Wenting , Liu Wanshuang , Zhang Liying 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHollow Fe3O4 nanospheres (h‐Fe3O4) with tunable sizes were synthesized and proposed as fillers to prepare microwave absorbing geopolymer (GP) composites. We studied the effect of different sizes of h‐Fe3O4 on microwave absorption (MA). The MA performance was enhanced as the size of h‐Fe3O4 in GP decreased. Furthermore, the GP composites containing h‐Fe3O4 achieved better MA capability than their counterparts containing solid Fe3O4 nanospheres (s‐Fe3O4) of the same size. The GP composites with a small size of h‐Fe3O4 exhibited the best minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −39.3 dB at 14.0 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.8 GHz at 2.2 mm. The outstanding MA capability, possibly as a result of improved dielectric loss and magnetic loss together with well‐matched impedance, demonstrated that GP composites are competitive construction materials when MA is critical. The radar cross section (RCS) simulation was conducted to assess the MA performance of composite materials in practical environments.
Physical activity, screen time and body composition in 13‐year‐old adolescents: The Generation R Study
Authors: Wu Tong , Yang‐Huang Junwen , Vernooij Meike W. , Rodriguez‐Ayllon María , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , Raat Hein , Klein Stefan , Oei Edwin H. G. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundBody composition between prepubertal children and adolescents varies, and it is unclear how physical activity and sedentary behaviour affect adolescent body composition.ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the associations of physical activity and screen time with overall and specific fat depots in the general adolescent population.MethodsIn a population‐based prospective cohort study, among 3258 adolescents aged 13 years, physical activity and screen time were assessed via self‐report questionnaires. Body mass index, dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry‐based measures (i.e. fat mass and lean body mass) and magnetic resonance imaging–based measures (i.e. abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat mass) were obtained.ResultsAfter adjusting for social‐demographic and growth‐related factors, each additional hour of daily physical activity was associated with lower fat mass, abdominal visceral fat mass and higher lean body mass (all p < 0.05). However, these associations were not observed in the longitudinal analyses. Each additional hour of daily screen time was associated with higher body mass index, fat mass, abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat mass (all p < 0.05), which were consistent with the longitudinal analyses.ConclusionAdolescents with higher physical activity and lower screen time had lower levels of adiposity both at the general and visceral levels.
Les syndicats et les inégalités de revenus: témoignages d'un panel de pays européens
Authors: MONTEBELLO Roberta , SPITERI Jonathan , VON BROCKDORFF Philip 
Published: September 2023

RésuméCet article examine la relation entre les syndicats et la hausse des inégalités de revenus observée dans les économies avancées au cours des dernières décennies. Le rôle des syndicats dans la lutte contre l'inégalité croissante des revenus a été négligé dans les études empiriques, malgré son ambiguïté théorique. Le modèle empirique de référence, estimé pour 26 pays européens de 2005 à 2018, spécifie l'inégalité des revenus en fonction du taux de syndicalisation, de sa valeur au carré et d'un ensemble de variables de contrôle. Les institutions du marché du travail, autres que les syndicats, sont incorporées dans le modèle pour évaluer les effets distributifs de la densité syndicale dans l'ensemble du cadre institutionnel. Les auteurs constatent que la densité syndicale a une relation en forme de U inversé statistiquement significative et persistante avec l'inégalité des revenus.
The diapausing mosquito Culex pipiens exhibits reduced levels of H3K27me2 in the fat body
Authors: Wei Xueyan , Dhungana Prabin , Sim Cheolho 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCulex pipiens, the northern house mosquito, is a major vector of West Nile virus. To survive the severe winter, adult mosquitoes enter a diapause programme. Extended lifespan and an increase in lipid storage are key indicators of diapause. Post‐translational modifications to histone proteins impact the expression of genes and have been linked to the lifespan and energy utilisation of numerous insects. Here, we investigated the potential contribution of epigenetic alterations in initiating diapause in this mosquito species. Multiple sequence alignment of H3 sequences from other insect species demonstrates a high conservation of the H3 histone in Cx. pipiens throughout evolution. We then compared the levels of histone methylation in the ovaries and fat body tissues of diapausing and non‐diapausing Cx. pipiens using western blots. Our data indicate that histone methylation levels in the ovaries of Cx. pipiens do not change during diapause. In contrast, H3K27me2 levels decrease more than twofold in the fat body of diapausing mosquitoes relative to non‐diapausing counterparts. H3K27 methylation plays a crucial role in chromosome activation and inactivation during development in many insect species. This is predominantly governed by polycomb repressor complex 2. Intriguingly, a previous ChIP‐seq study demonstrated that the transcription factor FOXO (Forkhead box O) targets the genes that comprise this complex. In addition, H3K27me2 exhibits dynamic abundance throughout the diapause programme in Cx. pipiens, suggesting its potential role in the initial activation of the diapause programme. This study expands our understanding of the relationship between alterations in epigenetic regulation and diapause.
Ecdysone‐induced microRNA miR‐276a‐3p controls developmental growth by targeting the insulin‐like receptor in Drosophila
Authors: Lee Sojeong , Kim Nayeon , Jang Daegyu , Kim Hee Kyung , Kim Jongin , Jeon Ji Won , Lim Do‐Hwan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAnimal growth is controlled by a variety of external and internal factors during development. The steroid hormone ecdysone plays a critical role in insect development by regulating the expression of various genes. In this study, we found that fat body‐specific expression of miR‐276a, an ecdysone‐responsive microRNA (miRNA), led to a decrease in the total mass of the larval fat body, resulting in significant growth reduction in Drosophila. Changes in miR‐276a expression also affected the proliferation of Drosophila S2 cells. Furthermore, we found that the insulin‐like receptor (InR) is a biologically relevant target gene regulated by miR‐276a‐3p. In addition, we found that miR‐276a‐3p is upregulated by the canonical ecdysone signalling pathway involving the ecdysone receptor and broad complex. A reduction in cell proliferation caused by ecdysone was compromised by blocking miR‐276a‐3p activity. Thus, our results suggest that miR‐276a‐3p is involved in ecdysone‐mediated growth reduction by controlling InR expression in the insulin signalling pathway.
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors as therapeutic target for cancer
Authors: Wang Yuqing , Lei Feifei , Lin Yiyun , Han Yuru , Yang Lei , Tan Huabing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor family. There are three subtypes of PPARs, including PPAR‐α, PPAR‐β/δ and PPAR‐γ. They are expressed in different tissues and act by regulating the expression of target genes in the form of binding to ligands. Various subtypes of PPAR have been shown to have significant roles in a wide range of biological processes including lipid metabolism, body energy homeostasis, cell proliferation and differentiation, bone formation, tissue repair and remodelling. Recent studies have found that PPARs are closely related to tumours. They are involved in cancer cell growth, angiogenesis and tumour immune response, and are essential components in tumour progression and metastasis. As such, they have become a target for cancer therapy research. In this review, we discussed the current state of knowledge on the involvement of PPARs in cancer, including their role in tumourigenesis, the impact of PPARs in tumour microenvironment and the potential of using PPARs combinational therapy to treat cancer by targeting essential signal pathways, or as adjuvants to boost the effects of current chemo and immunotherapies. Our review highlights the complexity of PPARs in cancer and the need for a better understanding of the mechanism in order to design effective cancer therapies.
Systemic anti‐inflammatory treatment of atopic dermatitis during conception, pregnancy and breastfeeding: Interdisciplinary expert consensus in Northern Europe
Authors: Deleuran M. , Dézfoulian B. , Elberling J. , Knutar I. , Lapeere H. , Lossius A. H. , Schuttelaar M. L. A. , Stockman A. , Wikström E. , Bradley M. , de Bruin‐Weller M. , Gutermuth J. , Mandelin J. M. , Schmidt M. C. , Thyssen J. P. , Vestergaard C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTreating atopic dermatitis (AD) in pregnant or breastfeeding women, and in women and men with AD aspiring to be parents is difficult and characterized by uncertainty, as evidence to inform decision‐making on systemic anti‐inflammatory treatment is limited. This project mapped consensus across dermatologists, obstetricians and patients in Northwestern Europe to build practical advice for managing AD with systemic anti‐inflammatory treatment in men and women of reproductive age. Twenty‐one individuals (sixteen dermatologists, two obstetricians and three patients) participated in a two‐round Delphi process. Full consensus was reached on 32 statements, partial consensus on four statements and no consensus on four statements. Cyclosporine A was the first‐choice long‐term systemic AD treatment for women preconception, during pregnancy and when breastfeeding, with short‐course prednisolone for flare management. No consensus was reached on second‐choice systemics preconception or during pregnancy, although during breastfeeding dupilumab and azathioprine were deemed suitable. It may be appropriate to discuss continuing an existing systemic AD medication with a woman if it provides good disease control and its benefits in pregnancy outweigh its risks. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, methotrexate and mycophenolate mofetil should be avoided by women during preconception, pregnancy and breastfeeding, with medication‐specific washout periods advised. For men preconception: cyclosporine A, azathioprine, dupilumab and corticosteroids are appropriate; a 3‐month washout prior to conception is desirable for methotrexate and mycophenolate mofetil; there was no consensus on JAK inhibitors. Patient and clinician education on appropriate (and inappropriate) AD treatments for use in pregnancy is vital. A shared‐care framework for interdisciplinary management of AD patients is advocated and outlined. This consensus provides interdisciplinary clinical guidance to clinicians who care for patients with AD before, during and after pregnancy. While systemic AD medications are used uncommonly in this patient group, considerations in this article may help patients with severe refractory AD.
The disperser dilemma in cooperatively breeding birds
Authors: Heifetz Aviad 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In most cooperatively breeding birds, individuals do not breed with their natal group members. In order to breed, they have either to disperse into another group or wait for an opposite-sex individual to join their group. In most of these species, females disperse more than males. We develop a dynamic game-theoretic model to account for this asymmetry. When males are physically larger/heavier than females, this allows them to effectively welcome female immigrants into their natal group and overcome the local females' opposition more than vice versa. The model further assumes that the dispersal decision is not confined to a restricted time window, but is rather based on acquired information and responsive to opportunities. The model predicts that (i) females disperse more than males, and (ii) females are willing to tolerate more risks in dispersal than do males. The latter prediction is supported inter alia by the fact that in many cooperatively breeding birds, females disperse at a younger age, and further away from their natal group as compared to dispersing males.
Abstract
In cooperatively breeding birds, the optimal upper bound of dispersal-failure risk tolerated by females (yellow-green) and males (red-blue) as a function of the other sex's upper bound, with the ESS at their intersection. The parameter a is the maximal dispersal-failure probability for females, which decreases when males are stronger and better able to welcome emigrating females into their natal group despite local females' opposition.
Cryptic community structure and metabolic interactions among the heritable facultative symbionts of the pea aphid
Authors: Peng Linyao , Hoban Jessica , Joffe Jonah , Smith Andrew H. , Carpenter Melissa , Marcelis Tracy , Patel Vilas , Lynn-Bell Nicole , Oliver Kerry M. , Russell Jacob A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Most insects harbour influential, yet non-essential heritable microbes in their hemocoel. Communities of these symbionts exhibit low diversity. But their frequent multi-species nature raises intriguing questions on roles for symbiont–symbiont synergies in host adaptation, and on the stability of the symbiont communities, themselves. In this study, we build on knowledge of species-defined symbiont community structure across US populations of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Through extensive symbiont genotyping, we show that pea aphids' microbiomes can be more precisely defined at the symbiont strain level, with strain variability shaping five out of nine previously reported co-infection trends. Field data provide a mixture of evidence for synergistic fitness effects and symbiont hitchhiking, revealing causes and consequences of these co-infection trends. To test whether within-host metabolic interactions predict common versus rare strain-defined communities, we leveraged the high relatedness of our dominant, community-defined symbiont strains vs. 12 pea aphid-derived Gammaproteobacteria with sequenced genomes. Genomic inference, using metabolic complementarity indices, revealed high potential for cooperation among one pair of symbionts—Serratia symbiotica and Rickettsiella viridis. Applying the expansion network algorithm, through additional use of pea aphid and obligate Buchnera symbiont genomes, Serratia and Rickettsiella emerged as the only symbiont community requiring both parties to expand holobiont metabolism. Through their joint expansion of the biotin biosynthesis pathway, these symbionts may span missing gaps, creating a multi-party mutualism within their nutrient-limited, phloem-feeding hosts. Recent, complementary gene inactivation, within the biotin pathways of Serratia and Rickettsiella, raises further questions on the origins of mutualisms and host–symbiont interdependencies.
Abstract
We genotyped seven bacterial species across protein-coding gene loci, to define common vs. rare ‘symbiont’ communities among pea aphids from the United States. Leveraging prior genome sequences from the identified strains, we tested the hypothesis that metabolic interactions among symbionts drive this ‘community structure’. We found support for this hypothesis for the symbiont pairing between the most abundant strains of Serratia symbiotica and Rickettsiella viridis. Specifically, genome-wide analyses revealed that these two commonly partnered symbionts exhibit high, reciprocal complementarity across the metabolic pathways encoded by their genomes. Together, the two symbionts enable the pea aphid ‘holobiont’ to synthesize biotin (vitamin B7), an important vitamin found at low levels in the pea aphid diet.
Comment on: 2023 updated AGS Beers Criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults
Authors: Burnett Allison E. , Barnes Geoffrey D. , Allen Arthur L. , Ansell Jack , Blumenstein Marilyn , Connors Jean M. , Dager William E. , Kaatz Scott , May Jori E. , Nemeth Ronni , O'Connor Carlee , Ragheb Bishoy , Rajasekhar Anita , Sardo Laurie , Siegal Deborah M. , Van Beek Andrea ,   The Anticoagulation Forum Board of Directors
Published: September 2023

See the Reply by Semla and Steinman in this issue.
What drives firms' commitment to fighting corruption? Evidence from the UK
Authors: Sarhan Ahmed A. , Al‐Najjar Basil 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe recent leak of the FinCEN files has highlighted the widespread presence of corruption in developing and developed economies, including the UK. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the factors that drive companies to implement measures for preventing corruption in developed countries using FTSE 350 nonfinancial firms. Specifically, the research examines the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) commitments, board structure, and shareholding structure on adopting strategies, policies, and procedures aimed at countering corruption. Drawing upon agency, stakeholder, and legitimacy theories, our empirical evidence supports that CSR commitments and board independence positively influence firms' engagement in anticorruption measures. Conversely, institutional and managerial shareholdings are found to have a negative association with firms' efforts to combat corruption. In addition, the study shows that the effect of board characteristics became more pronounced following the enactment of the UK Bribery Act 2010, indicating risk‐averse behavior. Various models, including cross‐sectional and two‐stage least squares (2SLS), are employed to analyze the data. Our findings have significant implications for understanding the complex relationship between CSR, corporate governance, and the ethical infrastructure of organizations. Ultimately, our results provide valuable insights for policymakers, companies, and other stakeholders in developing effective strategies, policies, and procedures to combat corruption activities.
Functional effects of haemoglobin can be rescued by haptoglobin in an in vitro model of subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Warming Hannah , Deinhardt Katrin , Garland Patrick , More John , Bulters Diederik , Galea Ian , Vargas‐Caballero Mariana 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDuring subarachnoid haemorrhage, a blood clot forms in the subarachnoid space releasing extracellular haemoglobin (Hb), which causes oxidative damage and cell death in surrounding tissues. High rates of disability and cognitive decline in SAH survivors are attributed to loss of neurons and functional connections during secondary brain injury. Haptoglobin sequesters Hb for clearance, but this scavenging system is overwhelmed after a haemorrhage. Whilst exogenous haptoglobin application can attenuate cytotoxicity of Hb in vitro and in vivo, the functional effects of sub‐lethal Hb concentrations on surviving neurons and whether cellular function can be protected with haptoglobin treatment remain unclear. Here we use cultured neurons to investigate neuronal health and function across a range of Hb concentrations to establish the thresholds for cellular damage and investigate synaptic function. Hb impairs ATP concentrations and cytoskeletal structure. At clinically relevant but sub‐lethal Hb concentrations, we find that synaptic AMPAR‐driven currents are reduced, accompanied by a reduction in GluA1 subunit expression. Haptoglobin co‐application can prevent these deficits by scavenging free Hb to reduce it to sub‐threshold concentrations and does not need to be present at stoichiometric amounts to achieve efficacy. Haptoglobin itself does not impair measures of neuronal health and function at any concentration tested. Our data highlight a role for Hb in modifying synaptic function in surviving neurons, which may link to impaired cognition or plasticity after SAH and support the development of haptoglobin as a therapy for subarachnoid haemorrhage.image
Operating Hedge and Gross Profitability Premium
Authors: KOGAN LEONID , LI JUN , ZHANG HAROLD H. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTWe show theoretically that variable production costs reduce systematic risk of firms' cash flows if capital and variable inputs are complementary in firms' production and input prices are procyclical. In our dynamic model, this operating hedge effect is weaker for more profitable firms, giving rise to a gross profitability premium. Moreover, gross profitability and value factors are distinct and negatively correlated, and their premia are not captured by the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). We estimate the model by simulated method of moments, and find that its main implications for stock returns and cash flow dynamics are quantitatively consistent with the data.
Interest Rate Skewness and Biased Beliefs
Authors: BAUER MICHAEL , CHERNOV MIKHAIL 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTConditional skewness of Treasury yields is an important indicator of the risks to the macroeconomic outlook. Positive skewness signals upside risk to interest rates during periods of accommodative monetary policy and an upward‐sloping yield curve, and vice versa. Skewness has substantial predictive power for future bond excess returns, high‐frequency interest rate changes around Federal Open Market Committee announcements, and survey forecast errors for interest rates. The estimated expectational errors, or biases in beliefs, are quantitatively important for statistical bond risk premia. These findings are consistent with a heterogeneous‐beliefs model in which one of the agents is wrong about consumption growth.