bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factors for common respiratory pathogens within a cohort of pet cats in the UK
Authors: Chan I. , Dowsey A. , Lait P. , Tasker S. , Blackwell E. , Helps C. R. , Barker E. N. 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesFeline herpesvirus (FHV), feline calicivirus (FCV) and Chlamydia felis are common causes of upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) in cats. Their prevalence in the UK pet cat population has not been reported and little is known regarding the risk factors for their oral carriage.MethodsTotal nucleic acid was extracted from owner‐collected buccal swabs (n=600) from cats enrolled in a self‐selected longitudinal cohort study. Duplex quantitative PCRs for the detection of FHV and C. felis genomic DNA and reverse‐transcriptase quantitative PCRs for the detection of FCV genomic RNA were performed. Duplicates, swabs with insufficient host DNA/RNA, and cats with missing data were excluded. Selected epidemiological data were interrogated using univariable and multi‐variable logistic regression modelling to identify risk factors.ResultsData from 430 cats were included in the final statistical model. Of these, 2.1% (n=9/430; 95% CI 1.0% to 3.9%) were positive for FHV, 13.3% (n=57/430; 95% CI 10.2% to 16.8%) positive for FCV and 1.2% (n=5/430; 95% CI 0.4% to 2.7%) positive for C. felis. FCV co‐infection was present in five (44%) FHV‐positive cats and three (60%) C. felis‐positive cats. FCV carriage was more frequent in purebred cats (odds ratio 2.48; 95% CI 1.37 to 4.49) and in cats with current or historical clinical signs compatible with URTD (odds ratio 2.98; 95% CI 1.22 to 7.27).Clinical SignificanceFCV was the most frequently encountered URTD pathogen in this sample of cats; this should be noted for disinfectant choice. In cats suspected of having FHV or C. felis infection, assessment for co‐infection with FCV is recommended.
Efficacy of microplastic depuration on two commercial oyster species from the west coast of Ireland
Authors: Paul Ann Tracy , Hannon Colin , Švonja Mateja , Connellan Iarfhlaith , Frias João 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStudies investigating microplastics (MPs) in marine species have been published over recent decades, including studies on depuration efficacy on aquaculture products. This preliminary study investigates the depuration efficacy of MPs in two commercial oyster species from Ireland. The innovative aspects are the sampling size (n = 50 per species) and the experiment duration (up to 96 h). The case study organisms are the Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas) and the European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis). Prior to depuration, the mean MP concentration on M. gigas edible tissue was 0.6 MP g−1 while for O. edulis was 0.4 MP g−1. Significant differences in mean MP concentrations were identified after 96‐h for M. gigas 0.2 MP g−1 (p = 0.014) and O. edulis, 0.1 MP g−1 (p = 0.003). Additionally, no significant correlation was established between MP concentrations and edible tissue weight. Polymer identification revealed that 51.6% were fibers of natural origin. Preliminary results show that increasing depuration times beyond 72‐h can significantly reduce MPs in selected oyster species, which is what is being recommended with this baseline study. Further investigation on commercial conditions at adequate depuration facilities is required. Given the relevance of low‐trophic aquaculture species for local economies, this preliminary study provides important baseline information for stakeholders.
METTL3‐mediated ALDH m6A methylation regulates the malignant behavior of BMI1+HNSCC stem cells
Authors: Chen Zhi , Chen Jie , Xu Xiaohong , Li Qiuli , Zhang Caihua , Li Shuai , Liu Lianlian , Cao Congyuan , Chen Demeng , He Qianting 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo reveal the effect and mechanism of methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3) on cancer stem cells (CSCs) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).Materials and MethodsFirst, we analyzed 14‐HNSCC‐patients’ scRNA‐seq dataset and TCGA dataset of HNSCC. Then, Mettl3 knockout or overexpression mice models were studied via tracing and staining technologies. In addition, we took flow cytometry sorting and sphere formation assays to observe tumorigenicity and used cell transfection and western blotting to verify target protein expression levels. Furthermore, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP‐seq) and MeRIP‐quantitative real‐time PCR (MeRIP‐qPCR) were taken to identify the mechanism of Mettl3 regulating Bmi1+ CSCs in HNSCC.ResultsDue to SOX4 transcriptional regulation, METTL3 regulated the malignant behavior of BMI1+ HNSCC stem cells through cell division pathway. The progression and malignancy of HNSCC were decreased after Mettl3 knocked‐out, while increased after Mettl3 knocked‐in in Bmi1+ CSCs in vivo. Knockdown of Mettl3 inhibited stemness properties of CSCs in vitro. Mechanically, Mettl3 mediated the m6A modification of ALDH1A3 and ALDH7A1 mRNA in Bmi1+ HNSCC CSCs.ConclusionRegulated by SOX4, METTL3‐mediated ALDH m6A methylation regulates the malignant behavior of BMI1+ HNSCC CSCs through cell division pathway.
Effective health communication for age‐related macular degeneration: An exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Wang Elisa , Kalloniatis Michael , Ly Angelica 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeAge‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of vision loss globally. Patients with AMD may not always understand or retain the information about AMD communicated by their eyecare practitioner. This study aims to explore the characteristics of effective health communication for AMD, from both patients' and eyecare practitioners' perspectives. The purpose is to provide a foundation for understanding how health communication for AMD could potentially be improved in the future.MethodsA total of 10 focus groups involving 17 patients with AMD and 17 optometrists were conducted via web conferencing. Each session was audio‐recorded, transcribed and analysed using the Grounded Theory Methodology.ResultsThe five themes identified are as follows: (1) materials' quality, (2) materials' relevance, (3) contextualising for the individual, (4) contextualising for the disease and (5) support network. Participants expressed concern about the unrealistic yet common depiction of vision loss in AMD as a black patch overlying common visual scenes. They also preferred education materials tailored to a specific disease stage and the regular opportunity to ask or answer questions. Longer appointment durations and peer support (from family, friends or others with AMD) were also valued.ConclusionOptometrists are encouraged to focus on three over‐arching dimensions when counselling patients with AMD in routine clinical practice: (1) curating and using disease and stage‐specific, impactful education materials, (2) their chairside verbal communication techniques and (3) AMD‐specific opportunities for care coordination among patient family and friends, peers and other multidisciplinary members of the care support team.
Characteristics of pediatric recurrent acute mastoiditis: A case–control study
Authors: Gelbart Miri , Bilavsky Efraim , Scheurman Oded , Chodick Gabriel , Gelbart Maoz , Ashkenazi‐Hoffnung Liat 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Data on pediatric recurrent acute mastoiditis are lacking, despite its morbidity and clinical significance. Our aim was to describe the incidence, characteristics, and associated factors of recurrent mastoiditis in hospitalized children.
Methods
Using a case–control design, analyzing electronic data of hospitalized children with acute mastoiditis between June 2011 and December 2018, children with recurrent mastoiditis were compared to children with a single episode at the time of hospitalization. Recurrent episodes of mastoiditis were compared to the first episodes. Recurrent acute mastoiditis was defined as recurring mastoiditis ≥4‐weeks after a completely resolved event.
Results
Of 347 children hospitalized with acute mastoiditis, 22 (6.3%) had recurrent mastoiditis; the median interval between episodes was 3 months (range: 1–36). The mean ± SD age was 2.3 ± 2.25 years. A comparison of first episodes in recurring cases to single episodes by univariate and multivariate analysis, showed no differences in the pre‐admission management or in the isolated pathogens; however, a history of atopic dermatitis and percutaneous abscess drainage were more frequent in first episodes of recurring cases (27.3% vs. 1.2%, p < 0.001, and 27.3% vs. 10.0%, p = 0.026, respectively). The second episode of acute mastoiditis was characterized by a milder clinical course and shorter durations from symptoms to hospitalization, intravenous antibiotic therapy, and length of hospital stay. Linear regression showed that an increased interval from symptoms to hospitalization significantly increased length of hospital stay (regression coefficient of 0.215 [95% CI: 0.114‐0.317], p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Recurrent episodes of mastoiditis were clinically milder, with shorter length of hospital stay compared to first episodes, possibly because of early admission.
Kripkean conceivability and epistemic modalities
Authors: Morato Vittorio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this article, I show that (i) from what I call a “Kripkean” account of the relations between conceivability and metaphysical necessities, (ii) an apparently plausible principle relating conceivability and epistemic modality, and (iii) the duality of epistemic modalities, one can show the utterly anti‐Kripkean result that every metaphysical necessity is an epistemic necessity. My aim is to present and diagnose the problem and evaluate the costs of some possible Kripkean reactions. In particular, I will evaluate the consequences and theoretical costs of rejecting the main ingredients of the argument, namely that we cannot genuinely conceive the negations of metaphysical necessities, that there is no postulated relation between conceivability and epistemic possibility (actually, between unconceivability and epistemic impossibility), and that epistemic possibility and necessity are not dualities.
CircRNA‐406918 enhances the degradation of advanced glycation end products in photoaged human dermal fibroblasts via targeting cathepsin D
Authors: Qu Yingying , Wang Mengyao , Lan Jingjing , Huang Xianyin , Huang Jingxi , Li Hongpeng , Zheng Yue , Xu Qingfang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundLysosomal cathepsin D (CTSD) can degrade internalized advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in dermal fibroblasts. CTSD expression is decreased in photoaged fibroblasts, which contributes to intracellular AGEs deposition and further plays a role in AGEs accumulation of photoaged skin. The mechanism under downregulated CTSD expression is unclear.ObjectiveTo explore possible mechanism of regulating CTSD expression in photoaged fibroblasts.MethodsDermal fibroblasts were induced into photoaging with repetitive ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation. The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed to predict candidate circRNAs or miRNAs related with CTSD expression. AGEs‐BSA degradation by fibroblasts was studied with flow cytometry, ELISA, and confocal microscopy. Effects of overexpressing circRNA‐406918 via lentiviral transduction on CTSD expression, autophagy, AGE‐BSA degradation were analyzed in photoaged fibroblasts. The correlation between circRNA‐406918 and CTSD expression or AGEs accumulation in sun‐exposed and sun‐protected skin was studied.ResultsCTSD expression, autophagy, and AGEs‐BSA degradation were significantly decreased in photoaged fibroblasts. CircRNA‐406918 was identified to regulate CTSD expression, autophagy, and senescence in photoaged fibroblasts. Overexpressing circRNA‐406918 potently decreased senescence and increased CTSD expression, autophagic flux, and AGEs‐BSA degradation in photoaged fibroblasts. Moreover, circRNA‐406918 level was positively correlated with CTSD mRNA expression and negatively associated with AGEs accumulation in photodamaged skin. Further, circRNA‐406918 was predicted to mediate CTSD expression through sponging eight miRNAs.ConclusionThese findings suggest that circRNA‐406918 regulates CTSD expression and AGEs degradation in UVA‐induced photoaged fibroblasts and might exert a role in AGEs accumulation in photoaged skin.
Hume's skeptical philosophy and the moderation of pride
Authors: Goldhaber Charles 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHume describes skeptical philosophy as having a variety of desirable effects. It can counteract dogmatism, produce just reasoning, and promote social cohesion. When discussing how skepticism may achieve these effects, Hume typically appeals to its effects on pride. I explain how, for Hume, skeptical philosophy acts on pride and how acting on pride produces the desirable effects. Understanding these mechanisms, I argue, sheds light on how, why, when, and for whom skeptical philosophy can be useful. It also illuminates the value of skeptical philosophy for a humanistic education, giving us a reason to include Hume in curricula.
Dynamics of reactive oxygen species and lignin biosynthesis during leaf spot disease of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal
Authors: Kumar P. , Singh B. , Rajak S. , Pandey S. , Pati P. K. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Withania somnifera is an important medicinal plant, however, its cultivation and quality are compromised through infestation by leaf spot disease caused by the fungus, Alternaria alternata. To find suitable strategies against this disease, studies on post‐infectional changes are important. ROS are critical as they interact with other defence signalling pathways. We analyzed ROS‐generating and scavenging systems in healthy and diseased leaf samples of W. somnifera and ROS‐driven downstream defence pathways.

We used DAB and NBT assays for ROS detection, spectrophotometry and in‐gel assays for ROS scavenging enzymes, a thioglycolic acid (TGA) based assay, histochemical staining for lignin, and qRT‐PCR for transcript‐level expression.

Leaf spot infection in W. somnifera increased NADPH oxidase activity and ROS accumulation in infected leaves, together with enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity. Leaf spot‐infected leaves had increased lignin content and higher expression of lignin biosynthesis genes. In addition, transcript levels of defence‐related genes, NPR1 and PR, were also upregulated.

The present work provides insights into responses to leaf spot disease through defence‐related signalling in W. somnifera. It demonstrates crosstalk between ROS and lignin biosynthesis. This work identified potential targets for developing strategies to confer disease resistance against A. alternata in W. somnifera.
The politics of supply chain regulations: Towards foreign corporate accountability in the area of human rights and the environment?
Authors: Gustafsson Maria‐Therese , Schilling‐Vacaflor Almut , Lenschow Andrea 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn recent years, binding regulations in the “home states” of corporations have emerged mainly in the Global North with the aim of holding corporations accountable for human rights and environmental impacts throughout their supply chains. However, we still need a better understanding about to what extent such regulations contribute to enhance “foreign corporate accountability (FCA).” This article introduces a special issue that theorizes and empirically investigates foreign accountability dynamics. We do so by advancing an analytical framework that conceptualizes FCA and identify important contextual conditions that help to explain accountability dynamics. Applying this framework, we show that the drafting, implementation, and enforcement of such regulations are highly political processes, wherein competing ideas embedded within unequal actor constellations and institutional environments shape the possibilities to achieve more transformative change. By theorizing and empirically investigating FCA dynamics, we contribute to advance debates about the sustainability governance of global supply chains.
International or national implementers—Who is better? Evidence from a framing experiment
Authors: Kaplan Lennart C. , Kuhnt Jana , Richert Katharina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBehavioral economics has shown that changing small features in framing a context or action may drastically change behavior. A key factor characterizing most development interventions is the salience of either a local or an international implementer. Using the setup of an intervention conducted in Indonesia, we show that the study population in the Acehnese context exhibits higher levels of support for the project if the participation of international actors is highlighted. We find that previous experience with the respective actor is pivotal. Qualitative evidence suggests that internationals' perceived skills drive results, highlighting the importance of strengthened local capacities for positive experiences with local implementers. Overall, the study underlines the benefits of linking framing experiments to the actual experiences of respondents to generate insights into the real world.
Individual differences in patterns of developmental opportunity and constraint during COVID‐19: Implications for longitudinal well‐being
Authors: Hamm Jeremy M. , Shane Jacob , Pierce Matthew J. , Duggan Katherine A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIndividual differences in sociodemographic characteristics and trait‐like perceptions of opportunities and constraints may shape how people respond to adversities such as the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, little is known about how these factors combine to form multifaceted profiles of developmental opportunity and constraint or the implications of such profiles for longitudinal well‐being following major life stressors. Using 1‐year data from a national sample of U.S. adults (n = 293), we identified profiles based on relevant sociodemographic characteristics (age, socioeconomic status, chronic conditions, functional status) and trait‐like perceptions of opportunity and constraints (perceived mastery, perceived constraints). Results of latent profile analyses showed that three common profiles emerged at pandemic onset (veridical opportunity, perceived constraints, perceived opportunity). Subsequent latent growth models showed that, despite reporting more sociodemographic constraints, the perceived opportunity profile exhibited better 1‐year emotional well‐being (positive and negative affect) during the pandemic than the perceived constraints profile. Findings advance the literature by identifying multifaceted individual differences in profiles of developmental opportunity and constraint and by showing these profiles have consequences for longitudinal well‐being following the pandemic onset.
Cultural traits or social norms? Both responsibilism and norms linked to accepting COVID‐19 vaccine
Authors: English Alexander S. , Wang Shuang , Zhang Qionghan , Talhelm Thomas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe studied the factors that influence attitudes toward the COVID‐19 vaccine by testing 1872 people across 29 provinces in China. We investigated an individual trait (responsibilism) and two situational factors (a descriptive norm and an injunctive norm). Responsibilism is a version of collectivism that emphasizes tight social ties and responsibilities in close relationships. Responsibilism and perceptions of strong social norms predicted acceptance of the COVID‐19 vaccine. The data also revealed an interplay between responsibilism and social norms. People high in responsibilism accepted the vaccine regardless of social norms. But people low in responsibilism were wary of the vaccine, unless they perceived strong injunctive norms. These findings contribute to the research on psychological factors behind vaccine hesitancy. The findings could help provide a roadmap for public health efforts to encourage vaccines.
Does partisan media make a pawn of mistrust? Institutional trust and preventive COVID‐19 health behaviors in a polarized pandemic
Authors: Dawson Andrew J. , Wang Wan , Taylor Marin M. , Ingram Brooklyn , Gibson Shane , Wilson Anne E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn a rapidly developing crisis such as the COVID‐19 pandemic, people are often faced with contradictory or changing information and must determine what sources to trust. Across five time points (N = 5902) we examine how trust in various sources predicts COVID‐19 health behaviors. Trust in experts and national news predicted more engagement with most health behaviors from April 2020 to March 2022 and trust in Fox news, which often positioned itself as counter to the mainstream on COVID‐19, predicted less engagement. However, we also examined a particular public health behavior (masking) before and after the CDC announcement recommending masks on 3 April 2020 (which reversed earlier expert advice discouraging masks for the general public). Prior to the announcement, trust in experts predicted less mask‐wearing while trust in Fox News predicted more. These relationships disappeared in the next 4 days following the announcement and reversed in the 2 years that follow, and emerged for vaccination in the later time points. We also examine how the media trusted by Democrats and Republicans predicts trust in experts and in turn health behaviors. Broadly we consider how the increasingly fragmented epistemic environment has implications for polarization on matters of public health.
“Diorama, Path and Project” to Understanding Everyday Life and Urban Space in Transitional Chinese Cities
Authors: Zhang Yan , Chai Yanwei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract”Diorama, path and project” by Torsten Hägerstrand is one of the most important contributions to the development of time geography. It introduced the diorama approach along the lines of “the live corporeality of humans and society”, and it still enduringly inspires the study of everyday life and urban space in a space–time integrative framework. This article revisits the classic article and reflects on certain key ideas, such as the “thereness” of diorama and the continuity and corporeality of project realization. Specifically, we will stress the applicability and the usefulness of the diorama approach to understanding everyday life and urban space in transitional Chinese cities. Finally, we discuss the enduring power, some methodological issues, as well as research agendas on urban geography and planning research in Chinese cities based on the diorama approach in time geography.
Insights from DataFest point to new opportunities for undergraduate statistics courses: Team collaborations, designing research questions, and data ethics
Authors: Noll Jennifer , Tackett Maria 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs the field of data science evolves with advancing technology and methods for working with data, so do the opportunities for re‐conceptualizing how we teach undergraduate statistics and data science courses for majors and non‐majors alike. In this paper, we focus on three crucial components for this re‐conceptualization: Developing research questions, professional ethics, and team collaborations. We share vignettes from two teams of undergraduate statistics or data science majors at two different stages of their development (novice and expert) while they worked on a DataFest data challenge. These vignettes shed light on opportunities for re‐conceptualizing introductory courses to give more attention to issues of the process of developing focused research questions when given a complex data set, professional ethics and bias, and how to collaborate effectively with others. We provide some implications for teaching and learning as well as an example activity for educators to use in their courses.