bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of functional and structural properties of the nucleus accumbens subregions in eating behavior regulation of bulimia nervosa
Authors: Wang Yiling , Tang Lirong , Wang Miao , Wu Guowei , Li Weihua , Wang Xuemei , Wang Jiani , Yang Zhenghan , Li Xiaohong , Li Zhanjiang , Chen Qian , Zhang Peng , Wang Zhenchang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveAlthough studies have demonstrated the involvement of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in the neurobiology of eating disorders, its alterations in bulimia nervosa (BN) remain largely unknown. This study investigated the structural and functional properties of NAc in patients with BN.MethodBased on the resting‐state functional MRI and high‐resolution anatomical T1‐weighted imaging data acquired from 43 right‐handed BN patients and 40 sex‐, age‐ and education‐matched right‐handed healthy controls (HCs), the group differences in gray matter volume (GMV) and fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (fALFF) in slow‐4 and ‐5 bands and functional connectivity (FC) of NAc subregions (core and shell) were compared. The relationships between MRI and clinical data were explored in the BN group.ResultsCompared with HCs, BN patients showed preserved GMV, decreased fALFF in slow‐5 band of the left NAc core and shell, decreased FC between left NAc core and right caudate, and increased FC between all NAc subregions and frontal regions, between all NAc subregions (except the right NAc core) and the supramarginal gyrus (SMG), and between right NAc shell and left middle temporal gyrus. FC between the NAc and SMG was correlated with emotional eating behaviors.DiscussionOur study revealed preserved GMV, local neuronal activity reduction and functional network reorganization of the NAc in BN. The functional network reorganization of the NAc mainly occurred in the frontal cortex and was correlated with emotional eating behavior. These findings may provide novel insights into the BN using NAc as an entry point.Public significanceAlthough studies have demonstrated the involvement of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in the neurobiology of eating disorders, its alterations in bulimia nervosa (BN) remain largely unknown. We used a multimodal MRI technique to systematically investigate structural and functional alterations in NAc subregions of BN patients and explored the associations between such alterations and maladaptive eating behaviors, hoping to provide novel insights into BN.
Mitochondrial DNA analyses revealed distinct lineages in an alpine mammal, Siberian ibex (Capra sibirica) in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Wang Rui‐Rui , Dong Pei‐Pei , Hirata Daisuke , Abduriyim Shamshidin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMaternal lineages of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are recognized as important components of intra and interspecific biodiversity and help us to disclose the phylogeny and divergence times of many taxa. Species of the genus Capra are canonical mountain dwellers. Among these is the Siberian ibex (Capra sibirica), which is regarded as a relic species whose intraspecific classification has been controversial so far. We collected 58 samples in Xinjiang, China, and analyzed the mtDNA genes to shed light on the intraspecific relationships of the C. sibirica populations and estimate the divergence time. Intriguingly, we found that the mtDNA sequences of C. sibirica split into two main lineages in both phylogenetic and network analyses: the Southern lineage, sister to Capra falconeri, consisting of samples from Ulugqat, Kagilik (both in Xinjiang), India, and Tajikistan; and the Northern lineage further divided into four monophyletic clades A–D corresponding to their geographic origins. Samples from Urumqi, Sawan, and Arturk formed a distinct monophyletic clade C within the Northern lineage. The genetic distance between the C. sibirica clades ranges from 3.0 to 8.6%, with values of FST between 0.839 and 0.960, indicating notable genetic differentiation. The split of the genus Capra occurred approximately 6.75 Mya during the late Miocene. The Northern lineage diverged around 5.88 Mya, followed by the divergence of Clades A–D from 3.30 to 1.92 Mya during the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene. The radiation between the Southern lineage and C. falconeri occurred at 2.29 Mya during the early Pleistocene. Our results highlight the importance of extensive sampling when relating to genetic studies of alpine mammals and call for further genomic studies to draw definitive conclusions.
Synthesis of Indenes via Graphene Oxide Mediated Manipulation of Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Alcohols
Authors: Mantovani Sebastiano , Pintus Angela , Kovtun Alessandro , Bertuzzi Giulio , Melucci Manuela , Bandini Marco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA new metal‐free synthetic approach to functionalized indenes is documented. The use of commercially available graphene oxide (GO) allowed the direct access to indenyl cores (yield up to 80 %) via intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts‐type allylic alkylations with readily available Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman alcohols. Combined experimental and spectroscopic investigations contributed to shed light on the reaction mechanism dealing with a nanostructured carbon material‐based C−C bond forming reaction.
A Bayesian spatio‐temporal model for short‐term forecasting of precipitation fields
Authors: Johnson S. R. , Heaps S. E. , Wilson K. J. , Wilkinson D. J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWith extreme weather events becoming more common, the risk posed by surface water flooding is ever increasing. In this work we propose a model, and associated Bayesian inference scheme, for generating short‐term, probabilistic forecasts of localised precipitation on a spatial grid. Our generative hierarchical dynamic model is formulated in discrete space and time with a lattice‐Markov spatio‐temporal auto‐regressive structure, inspired by continuous models of advection and diffusion. Observations from both weather radar and ground based rain gauges provide information from which we can learn the precipitation field through a latent process in addition to unknown model parameters. Working in the Bayesian paradigm provides a coherent framework for capturing uncertainty, both in the underlying model parameters and in our forecasts. Further, appealing to simulation based sampling using MCMC yields a straightforward solution to handling zeros, treated as censored observations, via data augmentation. Both the underlying state and the observations are of moderately large dimension ( and respectively) and this renders standard inference approaches computationally infeasible. Our solution is to embed the ensemble Kalman smoother within a Gibbs sampling scheme to facilitate approximate Bayesian inference in reasonable time. Both the methodology and the effectiveness of our posterior sampling scheme are demonstrated via simulation studies and by a case study of real data from the Urban Observatory project based in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Triple‐band circularly polarized conformal antenna for vehicular communication applications
Authors: Maha Lakshmi N. V. K , Prasad A. Mallikarjuna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVehicular communication presents a compact wideband implantable antenna for the best wireless transmission of information. The key role of the antenna is handled by the thickness of the substrate present in that antenna. Also, the shape of the antenna causes the performance characteristics. Now, vehicle‐to‐vehicle communication is the interesting task for designers to create successful and organized vehicular communication systems. This article presents a triple‐band circularly polarized conformal antenna for vehicular communication. An antenna is introduced as a triple‐band circular polarized conformal antenna and preserved a suitable mount on the vehicle surface for greater gain to provide well‐maintained operational performance characteristics. For getting circular polarization, circular cuttings are provided in the design of the proposed antenna. The radiation gives a fixed direction by providing 0.3 mm thickness. Here, use a circularly polarized antenna to rectify the signal absorption due to the contact material used in the antenna. A polyamide material is used as a substrate to get a probable successful link and improve the flexibility of the antenna. The triple‐band circularly polarized antenna is designed to operate in vehicular communication bands such as 2.4 GHz Wi‐Fi, 3.5 GHz WiMAX, and 5.9 GHz dedicated short range communication. The antenna is designed to resonate in a triple band to improve the antenna parameters like frequency response characteristics, gain, return loss, voltage standing wave ratio, left hand circularly polarization, right hand circularly polarization, axial ratio, fidelity factor, directivity, radiated power, and input impedance. Under the operating frequency bands of 2.4, 3.4, and 5.9 GHz, the efficiency of the proposed antenna is 98.48%, 97.31%, and 97.90%, respectively. The triple‐band circularly polarized conformal antenna is implemented in the high‐frequency structure simulator platform. The proposed tri‐band antenna is applicable in vehicular communication systems and healthcare for efficient wireless transmission.
Managing fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Experience from smallholder farmers in central and western Africa
Authors: Cokola Marcellin C. , Van Den Bussche Raphaël , Noël Grégoire , Kouanda Nongamanégré , Sèye Fawrou , Yarou Boni B. , Caparros Megido Rudy , Bayendi Loudit Sandrine M. , Lonpi Tipi Ernestine , Michel Baudouin , Francis Frédéric 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is currently an important pest of maize crops worldwide not only because of its dispersal ability but also because of its polyphagous feeding behaviour. Lack of sufficient information on the management of the fall armyworm attacks remains a crucial problem for maize smallholder farmers in Africa. In this study, 420 farmers were surveyed in central and west Africa using individual interviews to assess farmers' knowledges and perceptions of the fall armyworm damages and the management practices used. Most farmers (99.4%) were shown to recognize the fall armyworm and 92.5% claimed to already have damages in their fields. The fall armyworm seems not to be a new pest as most farmers identified it in different countries from 2015 to 2019. Apart from maize as the preferred crop of S. frugiperda, several alternative host plants including Napier grass, sorghum, onion, and cabbage were identified by the farmers. Although cultural and mechanical control methods are used by several farmers, the synthetic pesticide market is still preferred by almost half of the farmers (44.28%) who still use them. To control fall armyworm, 96.4% in Burkina Faso, 85.3% in Gabon, 65.2% in Benin and 25% in DR Congo reported using insecticides, against 5.9% in Senegal. Semiochemical‐based method and biological control by promoting natural enemies of the fall armyworm are new concepts for farmers in DR Congo, Gabon and Benin. To avoid additional problems regarding health and resilience of agricultural systems, alternative methods such as push–pull approach, the development of biopesticides and resistant cultivars should form the basis of training given to farmers and should be popularized for sustainable control of the fall armyworm in central and west Africa.
Changes on chromosome 11p15.5 as specific marker for embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma?
Authors: Vicha Ales , Jencova Pavla , Novakova‐Kodetova Daniela , Stolova Lucie , Voriskova Dagmar , Vyletalova Kristyna , Broz Petr , Drahokoupilova Eva , Guha Anasuya , Kopecká Marie , Krskova Lenka 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) constitute a heterogeneous spectrum of tumors with respect to clinical behavior and tumor morphology. The paternal uniparental disomy (pUPD) of 11p15.5 is a molecular change described mainly in embryonal RMS. In addition to LOH, UPD, the MLPA technique (ME030kit) also determines copy number variants and methylation of H19 and KCNQ1OT1 genes, which have not been systematically investigated in RMS. All 127 RMS tumors were divided by histology and PAX status into four groups, pleomorphic histology (n = 2); alveolar RMS PAX fusion‐positive (PAX+; n = 39); embryonal RMS (n = 70) and fusion‐negative RMS with alveolar pattern (PAX‐RMS‐AP; n = 16). The following changes were detected; negative (n = 21), pUPD (n = 75), gain of paternal allele (n = 9), loss of maternal allele (n = 9), hypermethylation of H19 (n = 6), hypomethylation of KCNQ1OT1 (n = 6), and deletion of CDKN1C (n = 1). We have shown no difference in the frequency of pUPD 11p15.5 in all groups. Thus, we have proven that changes in the 11p15.5 are not only specific to the embryonal RMS (ERMS), but are often also present in alveolar RMS (ARMS). We have found changes that have not yet been described in RMS. We also demonstrated new potential diagnostic markers for ERMS (paternal duplication and UPD of whole chromosome 11) and for ARMS PAX+ (hypomethylation KCNQ1OT1).
Tumor‐infiltrating gamma delta T‐cells reveal exhausted subsets with remarkable heterogeneity in colorectal cancer
Authors: Yu Linyan , Wang Zhaozhong , Hu Yuan , Wang Yanan , Lu Nan , Zhang Cai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe γδT‐cells recognize infected or transformed cells. However, unlike αβT‐cells, γδT‐cells are innate‐like immune cells, with no major histocompatibility complex restriction requirements. γδT‐cells are the main population of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and are associated with the antitumor immune response, particularly in colorectal cancer (CRC). Although CD8+T‐cells exhibit dysfunction and even exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which contributes to tumor immune escape, whether the same applies to tumor‐infiltrating (TI)‐γδT‐cells is not completely understood. Here, we sought to investigate the expression pattern of inhibitory receptors and functional state of TI‐γδT‐cells, and reveal the features of exhausted TI‐γδT‐cells in the CRC TME. We demonstrated that TI‐γδT‐cells exhibited exhaustion phenotypes and displayed more severe functional exhaustion than TI‐CD8+T‐cells or NK‐cells in the TME of CRC. In addition, scRNA‐seq analysis of TI‐γδT‐cells revealed three exhausted subsets with remarkable heterogeneity. The presence of three heterogeneous exhausted γδT‐cell (Tex) populations, including Texprog, Textran and Texterm were further confirmed by flow cytometry, on the basis of PD‐1 and TIM‐3 expression. Finally, we revealed that c‐Maf not only contributed to γδT‐cell exhaustion via upregulation of inhibitory receptors, but also involved in the exhaustion of CD8+T and NK‐cells. c‐Maf may also be an important contributor to γδT‐cell exhaustion in CRC patients. These findings indicated that TI‐γδT‐cells exhibit phenotypic and functional exhaustion in the CRC TME. The revealed features of exhausted TI‐γδT‐cells may provide help for understanding the mechanisms and the association of γδT‐cell exhaustion with tumor development and pathogenesis.
Redox‐Responsive Macrocyclic Hosts Based on Calix[4]arene and Calix[4]resorcinarene Scaffolds
Authors: Azov Vladimir A. , De Beer Francois J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCalix[4]arenes and calix[4]resorcinarenes are well‐known macrocyclic hosts that can be tailored to bind guests of very different natures, including anions, cations, and various neutral molecules. The molecular architectures of the hosts can be altered in many ways: by attaching polar or hydrophilic groups, extending inner cavities with enlarged aromatic side walls, and adding H‐bonding sites to promote the formation of molecular capsules. The attachment of different types of redox‐active moieties renders calix[4]arene and calix[4]resorcinarene derivatives electrochemically active, enabling them to either control the guest‐binding properties of the receptors or be used as electrochemical sensors. This review will focus on calix[4]arene and calix[4]resorcinarene macrocyclic hosts with appended redox‐active groups, such as ferrocene, tetrathiafulvalene, and quinone. We will discuss molecular receptors that can serve as redox sensors for cations or electron‐deficient molecules or can bind and release their guests controlled by redox or electrochemical stimuli.
Retinomorphic hardware for in‐sensor computing
Authors: Feng Guangdi , Zhang Xiaoxu , Tian Bobo , Duan Chungang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRapid developments in the Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence trigger higher requirements for image perception and learning of external environments through visual systems. However, limited by von Neumann's bottleneck, the physical separation of sense, memory, and processing units in a conventional personal computer‐based vision system tend to consume a significant amount of energy, time latency, and additional hardware costs. By integrating computational tasks of multiple functionalities into the sensors themselves, the emerging bio‐inspired neuromorphic visual systems provide an opportunity to overcome these limitations. With high speed, ultralow power and strong adaptability, it is highly desirable to develop a neuromorphic vision system that is based on highly precise in‐sensor computing devices, namely retinomorphic devices. We here present a timely review of retinomorphic devices for visual in‐sensor computing. We begin with several types of physical mechanisms of photoelectric sensors that can be constructed for artificial vision. The potential applications of retinomorphic hardware are, thereafter, thoroughly summarized. We also highlight the possible strategies to existing challenges and give a brief perspective of retinomorphic architecture for in‐sensor computing.image
Colmation and Depth Filtration within Streambeds: Retention of Particles in Hyporheic Interstices
Authors: Brunke Matthias 
Published: August 2023

AbstractColmation refers to the retention processes that can lead to the clogging of the top layer of channel sediments and decolmation refers to the resuspension of deposited fine particles. Internal colmation, clogging of the interstices directly below the armor layer, may form a thin seal that disconnects surface water from hyporheic water by inhibiting exchange processes. The settling of particles under low flow conditions can cause external colmation. Colmated channel sediments are characterized by reduced porosity and hydraulic conductivity as well as by a consolidated texture. The term ‘depth filtration’ refers to the transport and storage of fine matrix sediments in interstitial layers. Depth filtration is of significance for the transport of colloidal and fine particulate inorganic as well as organic matter within the hyporheic interstices and into the alluvial aquifer. The role of depth filtration is assessed for the content (given in mg per liter) of matrix fine particles retained in the coarse framework sediment of a gravel‐bed river in Switzerland. Sediment samples were taken by freeze‐coring with liquid nitrogen down to 70 cm depth and by piezometers down to 150 cm depth. Seventy‐two percent of the mobile matrix fine particles were smaller than 0.1 mm and 50% were smaller than 0.03 mm. The content of fines tended to increase with depth, although higher accumulations were found at intermediate depths in sediments influenced by exfiltrating ground water. Interstitial detrital particles >90 μm showed vertical distribution patterns opposing those of total particles. These relationships revealed a differential significance of import, storage, and transport within three types of hydrological exchange zones (infiltration, horizontal advection, exfiltration) in the cross‐section of the stream.
The role of climatic similarity and bridgehead effects in two centuries of trade‐driven global ant invasions
Authors: Mwebaze Paul , Liebhold Andrew M. , Bertelsmeier Cleo , Kellenberg Derek , Bates Olivia K. , Springborn Michael R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInternational trade continues to drive biological invasions. We investigate the drivers of global nonnative ant establishments over the last two centuries using a Cox proportional hazards model. We use country‐level discovery records for 36 of the most widespread nonnative ant species worldwide from 1827 to 2012. We find that climatic similarity combined with cumulative imports during the 20 years before a species discovery in any given year is an important predictor of establishment. Accounting for invasions from both the native and previously invaded “bridgehead” regions substantially improves the model's fit, highlighting the role of spatial spillovers. These results are valuable for targeting biosecurity efforts.
Postacute coronavirus disease‐2019 syndrome: Review of the literature and role of the pharmacist
Authors: Kokoy Shahristan R. , Stollings Joanna L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) has resulted in over 500 million confirmed cases of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) worldwide, causing over 6 million deaths. A wide disease spectrum has been described for COVID‐19 infections with a newer focus on the long‐term impacts termed Postacute COVID‐19 syndrome (PACS). PACS is not formally defined but occurs 4 weeks to 6 months after the acute infection impacting the neurologic, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, endocrine, renal, dermatologic, and hematologic organ systems to varying degrees. Nearly one third of patients will experience a neuropsychiatric manifestation within 6 months of a COVID‐19 diagnosis with anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) being the most common symptoms. There is much similarity between PACS and Postintensive care syndrome (PICS). Long‐term follow‐up is necessary to ensure intensive care unit (ICU) survivors are cared for appropriately. The development of PICS clinics across the world has set a groundwork for better managing PACS. The inclusion of clinical pharmacists in these clinics has repeatedly improved outcomes. Implementation of the ABCDEF Bundle prevents the occurrence of PICS and PACS, making it an important discussion point for the entire health care team. Epidemiologic data is still emerging with the National Institute of Health (NIH) researching COVID to enhance recovery (RECOVER) research initiative contributing to our understanding of PACS and how to best manage it. The purpose of this review paper is to characterize PACS and recommend prevention, potential monitoring, and treatment, as well as to highlight the role of the clinical pharmacist in the management of this population.