bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helminth species-specific effects on IFN-γ producing T cells during active and latent tuberculosis
Authors: Kiflie Amare , Bewket Gezahegn , Tajebe Fitsumbrhan , Abate Ebba , Schӧn Thomas , Blomgran Robert 
Published: January 2023

Background
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a key cytokine inducing protective immune responses during tuberculosis (TB) infection. Helminth-induced immune responses may affect IFN-γ production by T cells, although its connection with disease severity and immune recovery during treatment is unexplored. We investigated the species-specific effect of helminths on the IFN-γ production by T cells in relation to disease severity during active and latent TB infection (LTBI).

Methods
In this study, 69 active pulmonary TB patients (PTB), 28 with LTBI and 66 healthy controls were included. Active TB was diagnosed using GenXpert MTB/RIF while QuantiFERON test (QFT) was used for the screening of healthy community controls (CCs) and for the diagnosis of LTBI. Helminth infection was identified by routine diagnosis whereas clinical disease severity was evaluated by the TB score. Intracellular IFN-γ production of T cells in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was analyzed by flow cytometry using TB antigens (PPD), the polyclonal T cell activator staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), or medium as unstimulated control.

Results
Helminth infected CCs and LTBI subjects showed a significant reduction of IFN-γ+ CD4+ T cells by PPD-stimulation compared to non-helminth infected control groups. The significant reduction in the frequency of IFN-γ+ T cells in both latent and active PTB patients following SEB stimulation was mostly attributed to Schistosoma mansoni infection, whereas Ascaris lumbricoides, Schistosoma mansoni, and hookworm infection contributed equally in CCs. Following anti-helminthic and anti-TB treatment for 2 months, the frequency of IFN-γ+ CD4 T cells in helminth coinfected PTB was restored to levels of helminth negative PTB before treatment. Helminth coinfected PTB patients with an intermediate and severe clinical course had reduced capacity for production of IFN-γ+ T cells compared to the corresponding non-helminth infected PTB.

Conclusion
We found a reduction in IFN-γ producing T cells by helminth coinfection which was restored following anti-helminthic treatment. This reduction was helminth species-dependent in an exploratory sub-analysis and correlated to increased disease severity.
Optimal trade-in strategy for advance selling with strategic consumers proportion
Authors: Wang Yefeng , Zhou Li , Wu Chuanliang 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThis study aimed to optimize the trade-in pricing strategy. To leverage market share, many sellers adopt trade-in strategy for advance selling, Customers can return their old products at a discount price when they buy new products. This can help increase the market share and decrease natural resource consumption.Design/Methodology/ApproachWe consider a seller who sells new-generation products over two periods: advance selling and regular selling. Based on the rational expectation equilibrium, we adopt dynamic programming to construct a two-period pricing model with three different trade-in strategies–only in period 2, in both periods, and not at all–explaining the trade-in strategy as a promotion tool used by a monopolist to discriminate for advance selling between new and old customers.FindingsThe results suggest that the optimal price is determined by the proportion of old customers, discount factor and product innovation level. Whether and when to give a trade-in rebate to old customers depends on these parameters. The seller’s choice of optimal trade-in strategy depends on the threshold value of the new customer demand and trade-in demand.Originality/ValueMost existing literature focuses on advance selling strategies and trade-in strategies. To the best of our knowledge, this is a pioneering study that adopts trade-in as part of the advance selling strategy.
Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) and prevention of types 1 and 2 diabetes: Results of two observational studies
Authors: Dias Hans F. , Mochizuki Yoshihiko , Kühtreiber Willem M. , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Zheng Hui , Faustman Denise L. 
Published: January 2023

Background
Diabetes is a common disease marked by high blood sugars. An earlier clinical trial in type 1 diabetic subjects (T1Ds) found that repeat BCG vaccinations succeeded in lowering HbA1c values over a multi-year course. Here we seek to determine whether BCG therapy for bladder cancer may improve blood sugar levels in patients with comorbid T1D and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We also investigate whether BCG exposure may reduce onset of T1D and T2D by examining country-by-country impact of BCG childhood vaccination policies in relation to disease incidence.

Methods and findings
We first analyzed three large US patient datasets (Optum Labs data [N = 45 million], Massachusetts General Brigham [N = 6.5 million], and Quest Diagnostics [N = 263 million adults]), by sorting out subjects with documented T1D (N = 19) or T2D (N = 106) undergoing BCG therapy for bladder cancer, and then by retrospectively assessing BCG’s subsequent year-by-year impact on blood sugar trends. Additionally, we performed an ecological analysis of global data to assess the country-by-country associations between mandatory neonatal BCG vaccination programs and T1D and T2D incidence. Multi-dose BCG therapy in adults with comorbid diabetes and bladder cancer was associated with multi-year and stable lowering of HbA1c in T1Ds, but not in T2Ds. The lack of a similar benefit in T2D may be due to concurrent administration of the diabetes drug metformin, which inhibits BCG’s beneficial effect on glycolysis pathways. Countries with mandatory neonatal BCG vaccination policies had a lower incidence of T1D in two international databases and a lower incidence of T2D in one of the databases.

Conclusions
The epidemiological evidence analyzed here suggests that BCG may play a role in the prevention of T1D. It does not support prevention of T2D, most likely because of interference by metformin. Our ecological analysis of global data suggests a role for neonatal BCG in the prevention of T1D and, to a lesser extent, T2D. Randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Male partner involvement in postnatal care service utilization and associated factors: A community-based cross-sectional study in Motta district, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Abie Alemwork , Belay Getahun , Asmare Eden , Ayalew Nigusu , Feyisa Wondu , Kassie Nigus 
Published: January 2023

Background
Male partner involvement during the postpartum period is an effective strategy to improve maternal and newborn health outcomes. However, since reproductive health has been viewed as only a woman’s issue, it remains a major challenge in developing countries, including Ethiopia. The current study aimed to assess male partner involvement in postnatal care service utilization and associated factors in the Motta district of North West Ethiopia in 2020.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 16 to 30, 2020, among male partners whose wives gave birth in the last twelve months in Motta district. A systematic random sampling technique was used to obtain 612 study participants. Data entry was carried out by using Epi Data version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package of Social Science version 23 for analysis. A binary and multiple logistic regression method were employed to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratios with a confidence interval of 95% and a P value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results
The findings from this study highlight that the overall male partner involvement in postnatal care service utilization was 20.8% at 95%CI (17.6%, 24.1%). The regression results indicated that male partners residing in urban areas, attending primary and secondary education, having good knowledge of postnatal care services, having good knowledge of danger signs and complications during the postnatal period, having a favorable attitude toward male partner involvement in postnatal care, and a short distance to health care facilities were shown to be significantly and positively associated with male partner involvement in postnatal care services.

Conclusion
The magnitude of male partner involvement in postnatal care service utilization was low as compared to other studies. Community-based awareness creation through health education and expanding educational and health care service institutions are essential to increase the involvement of male partners in postnatal care services.
Effectiveness of clinical integrated short course training of evidence based medicine for postgraduate medical specialty students in Ethiopia in 2022: A randomized control trial
Authors: Awedew Atalel Fentahun , Abera Eyob Girma 
Published: January 2023

Background
Evidence based medicine (EBM) is a newly emerged philosophy of medical education and health care service which brings quality of health service, efficient use of materials, and patient satisfaction.

Objective
To investigate the effectiveness of clinical integrated short course training of EBM for post-graduation medical specialty students in Ethiopia, 2022.

Method
Randomized, single blind, superiority trial, and multi-centric experimental study design employed. The eligible candidates randomly assigned to the interventional group and the control group (waitlisted). The allocation of the participant concealed from the principal investigator and participant. Sample size was determined with a two-sided test and α level of 5% and 80% power with the total of 52 calculated sample size and 44 (21 for intervention and 23 for control group) students were used for final analysis. Mann Whitney U test and Independent Sample T test used to test mean difference between intervention and control group after checking normality distributions to estimates the amount by which the training changes the outcome on average compared with the control. The result of the final model expressed in terms of adjusted mean difference and 95% CI; statistical significance declared if the P-value is less than 0.05.

Results
Among 44 postgraduate students, only 29.5% practices EBM during delivering of clinical services. Overall EBM knowledge was changed with adjusted mean difference (Mean±SD 17.55 (13.9, 21.3), p<000). This training provided significant change in all main domain of EBM, more in validity evaluation of the study (Mean±SD, 3.8(1.3, 6.2), p<0.0018) and impact of study design (Mean±SD, 3.8(2.6, 5.1), p<0.000). There was also significant change of overall attitude with adjusted mean difference (Mean±SD, -8.2(-9.6,-6.7), p = 000).

Conclusion
Clinical integrated EBM training brought significant change of knowledge and skills of principles and foundations of EBM. Adopting principles of EBM into curricula of postgraduate specialty students would assure the quality of medical care and educations.
Positive relations between sexual quality of life and satisfaction with healthcare in women living with HIV and/or HCV: Results from a multicountry study
Authors: Rodriguez Sara , Yaya Issifou , Huntingdon Ben , Juraskova Ilona , Preau Marie , Etemadi Fatima , Dimi Svetlane , Carrieri Maria Patrizia , Bessonneau Pascal , Chassany Olivier , Duracinsky Martin 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe sexual quality of life is a neglected concern in women living with HIV (WHIV) or with HCV (WHCV), which can further be affected by their experience with stigma, social instability, fear of transmission and reduced access to treatment. The objective of this study was to identify sociodemographic, psychosocial, and behavioural factors associated with sexual quality of life (SQoL) in this study group.MethodsBetween December 2017 and December 2018, PROQoL-Sex Life questionnaire was administered to 404 WHIV and WHCV in five countries. PROQoL-SQoL consists of four dimensions: positive sexual perception (Psp), stigma and social distress (Sti), soft sexual practices (Sof), sexual practices with a partner (Sp), all of which were scored from 0 to 100 and considered as main outcomes, lower scores mean better sexual quality of life. Linear mixed effects models were used to evaluate the association with sociodemographic and psychosocial factors.ResultsOf the participants analyzed, 191 were living with HCV, 180 with HIV and 33 with HIV and HCV, median age was 48. Among WHIV, a higher satisfaction with health care, and talking about sexuality with healthcare workers were associated with lower scores in all the dimensions of the SQoL, while psychoactive substance use was associated with lower scores ofStiandSof. Moreover, higher satisfaction with health care, talking about sexuality with healthcare workers, and psychoactive substance use (except cocaine use) in WHCV were associated with lower scores inPsp,Sti, andSof. Besides, cocaine use was associated with higher scores ofSof.ConclusionThis study highlighted strong relationship between the quality of health care, and psychoactive substance use (except cocaine) and the sexual quality of life in WHIV and WHCV in these five countries. These findings draw attention to the different interventions that can be proposed for improving the sexual quality of life.
Real-life comparison of efficacy and safety profiles of two prolonged-release tacrolimus formulations in de novo kidney transplant recipients: 24 months of follow-up
Authors: Czarnecka Paulina , Czarnecka Kinga , Baczkowska Teresa , Lagiewska Beata , Durlik Magdalena 
Published: January 2023

Introduction
Calcineurin inhibitors constitute a cornerstone of immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplant recipients. There are two main formulations of tacrolimus (Tac) which exhibit a prolonged-release mode of action: Advagraf® (MR-4) and Envarsus® (LCPT). However, they are not bioequivalent. Data comparing both once-daily prolonged-release formulations of Tac are insufficient.

Objective
The aim of the study was to compare safety and efficacy profiles of once-daily LCPT and MR-4 formulations of tacrolimus in adult kidney transplant recipients.

Patients and methods
An observational, cohort single-center study was performed. One hundred fifteen kidney transplant recipients transplanted between 2016 and 2019 were enrolled to the study (59 vs 56, Envarsus® vs Advagraf®, respectively). Safety and efficacy profiles were assessed.

Results
Patient and graft survival at 12 and 24 months did not differ between the groups. There were no significant differences in serum creatinine at any timepoint. C/D ratio in the LCPT group was significantly higher at 12 and 24 months. Sepsis occurrence was more frequent in MR-4 group at 12 months.

Conclusion
Both prolonged-release formulations of tacrolimus are safe and effective in immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplant recipients.
Relationship of ulna styloid fracture to the distal radio-ulnar joint stability. A clinical, functional, and radiographic outcome study
Authors: Ajit Singh Vivek , Jia Tan Yong , Devi Santharalinggam Rupini , Gunasagaran Jayaletchumi 
Published: January 2023

Background
Ulna styloid fracture occurs approximately about 55% of all distal end of radius fractures. However, the clinical and functional outcome of these fractures remains indefinite.

Results
Only 56 patients with distal radius fractures had concomitant ulna styloid fractures. The mean age was 32 years (range: 18–69; SD: ± 12.7). The majority were men. The mean time from injury was 18.7 months (range: 6–84; SD: ± 13.3). The most common was Frykman 2, followed by 6, type 8, and type 4. All were closed fractures; 60.7% were base, and 39.3% were tip fractures. 50% were treated with casting, 48.3% plating, and 1.8% external fixation. The mean period of casting was 7.67 weeks (range: 4–16; SD ± 3.1). The ulna styloid was united in 35.7%. There is no significant difference in the range of movement between those with ulna styloid union and non-union. The Ballottement test and Piano key sign was statistically insignificant between both groups. All the displacements were dorsal except in 1 case. The mean displacement of ulna styloid is 1.88mm (SD±1.08, Range: 0.20–4.60mm). The mean VAS score at rest and work is not statistically significant. The mean grip strength and functional score (DASH) are similar in both groups.

Conclusion
Ulna styloid fractures do not contribute to the DRUJ instability and the status of the union of the ulna styloid and the site of the ulna styloid fracture (tip or base) did not have a bearing on the range of movement and functional status of the affected wrist. Temporary DRUJ immobilization might allow TFCC recovery.
A scoping review key elements and effects of cardiovascular disease management programs based on community-based participatory research
Authors: Yang Juhyeon , Park Bohyun 
Published: January 2023

Background
This scoping review analyses the literature on community-based participatory research (CBPR)–based cardiovascular disease (CVD) management programmes, examining the key elements of their development and implementation and exploring their effectiveness.

Methods
This scoping review’s methodology had six stages: 1) identifying the research question; 2) identifying relevant studies—search strategy; 3) study selection; 4) charting the data; 5) collating, summarising, and reporting the results; and 6) consultation exercise. The databases used were PubMed, Cochrane, and CINAHL, for the period from 4 March to 3 April 2022. We selected studies 1) published after 2000; 2) targeting community residents over 18 years old; and 3) proposed a CBPR-based CVD management programme, described its development, and evaluated its effects based on its application. Data were extracted independently by each of the two researchers, using a standardised form.

Results
Among the key aspects of such programmes were the many cases where community organisations led establishment of partnerships and cases where a decision-making committee was formed. Regarding application of the CBPR principles, community partners participated only in executing the research, not in analysing and interpreting research results. In addition, among the 21 studies selected were 6 randomised controlled trials, all of which showed a significant positive effect in experimental groups compared to control groups.

Conclusion
Improvement strategies are needed to allow implementation of CBPR principles in a CBPR-based CVD management programme. Moreover, further verification of programme evaluation research methods is needed.

Scoping review registration
This protocol has been registered to the OSF registries. 0000000204460911. Key Elements and Effects of Cardiovascular Disease Management Programs Based on Community-based Participatory Research: Protocol for a Scoping Review’. OSF, 4 Sept. 2020. Web.
Deworming utilization among pregnant mothers with at least one antenatal care follow-up in Ethiopia, 2022:- A multilevel analysis
Authors: Bantie Berihun , Kassaw Yirga Gebrie , Ayenew Yeshiambaw Eshetie , Nuru Muhamed Ahmed , Tassew Sheganew Fetene , Kassie Yohannes Tesfahun , Tiruneh Chalie Marew , Moges Natnael , Birhane Binyam Minuye , Anley Denekew Tenaw , Anteneh Rahel Mulatie , Dessie Anteneh Mengist 
Published: January 2023

Background
Soil-transmitted helminthes (STHs) are the major public health problems that affect the health of pregnant women and their incoming newborns. In Ethiopia, about 33.35% of pregnant women were affected by these infections. Utilization of deworming medication during pregnancy is the main strategy endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce the burden of STH-induced anemia and its related complications. However, information related to the coverage and its individual as well as community-level factors on the utilization of deworming medication among pregnant mothers with at least one antenatal care (ANC) visit is limited in Ethiopia.

Methods
A nationwide population-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 18 to June 27, 2016. The information was obtained from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS 2016), which can be accessed at: https://www.dhsprogram.com. A weighted sample of 4690 pregnant women selected using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique was included in the final analysis. A Multi-variable multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify the determinants of the utilization of deworming medication during pregnancy. Log-likelihood ration (LLR), deviance and Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) were used to select the best fitted model in the multilevel analysis. Statistical significance was declared at p-value <0.05.

Result
From a total of 4690 mothers included in the final analysis, only 365 (7.8%) of them utilized deworming medication in pregnancy. After controlling for confounding effects, having four or more Antenatal care (ANC) visits, having functional working status, intake of iron folic acid (IFA) tablets and coming from a community with a low poverty level increases the odds of utilization of deworming medication during pregnancy.

Conclusion and recommendation
In this study, less than one in ten pregnant mothers takes deworming medication. Mothers with less than four ANC visits, who did not receive IFA tablets, who came from a community with a high poverty level, and mothers with no good functional status were at the greatest risk of not receiving deworming medication during pregnancy. Sustained efforts need to be undertaken to increase the socioeconomic status of the community and to scale up the health care utilization behaviors of pregnant mothers.
Induced abortion among female students in higher education institutions in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kefale Bereket , Damtie Yitayish , Arefaynie Mastewal , Yalew Melaku , Adane Bezawit , Dilnesa Tenagnework , Zewdie Segenet , Wasihun Yitbarek , Adane Metadel 
Published: January 2023

Background
Female students in institutions of higher education are at higher risk of abortion and its consequences. There is no nationally representative data on induced abortion among students in higher education institutions in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of induced abortion among female students in institutions of higher education in Ethiopia.

Methods
This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies conducted from January 1, 2010, to June 30, 2022, in Ethiopia. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Hinari, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and Global Health electronic databases were searched. The analysis was performed using STATA 14 software. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed using I2 statistics and Egger’s test, respectively. Duval and Tweedie’s ‘trim and fill’ method was also performed to adjust the pooled estimate. Forest plots were used to present the pooled prevalence with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of meta-analysis using the random effect model.

Results
This systematic review and meta-analysis included a total of 10 studies and 4656 study participants. The pooled prevalence of induced abortion among female students in institutions of higher education in Ethiopia was 5.06% (95%CI: 2.16, 7.96). The rate of induced abortion was 51 per 1000 women.

Conclusions
The pooled prevalence of induced abortion among female students in institutions of higher education in Ethiopia was high. Thus, concerned bodies should design and implement an effective strategy to realize friendly and non-judgmental family planning and comprehensive abortion care service to curb the problem.