bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance training prescription for muscle strength and hypertrophy in healthy adults: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Currier Brad S , Mcleod Jonathan C , Banfield Laura , Beyene Joseph , Welton Nicky J , D'Souza Alysha C , Keogh Joshua A J , Lin Lydia , Coletta Giulia , Yang Antony , Colenso-Semple Lauren , Lau Kyle J , Verboom Alexandria , Phillips Stuart M 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo determine how distinct combinations of resistance training prescription (RTx) variables (load, sets and frequency) affect muscle strength and hypertrophy.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched until February 2022.Eligibility criteriaRandomised trials that included healthy adults, compared at least 2 predefined conditions (non-exercise control (CTRL) and 12 RTx, differentiated by load, sets and/or weekly frequency), and reported muscle strength and/or hypertrophy were included.AnalysesSystematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis methodology was used to compare RTxs and CTRL. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve values were used to rank conditions. Confidence was assessed with threshold analysis.ResultsThe strength network included 178 studies (n=5097; women=45%). The hypertrophy network included 119 studies (n=3364; women=47%). All RTxs were superior to CTRL for muscle strength and hypertrophy. Higher-load (>80% of single repetition maximum) prescriptions maximised strength gains, and all prescriptions comparably promoted muscle hypertrophy. While the calculated effects of many prescriptions were similar, higher-load, multiset, thrice-weekly training (standardised mean difference (95% credible interval); 1.60 (1.38 to 1.82) vs CTRL) was the highest-ranked RTx for strength, and higher-load, multiset, twice-weekly training (0.66 (0.47 to 0.85) vs CTRL) was the highest-ranked RTx for hypertrophy. Threshold analysis demonstrated these results were extremely robust.ConclusionAll RTx promoted strength and hypertrophy compared with no exercise. The highest-ranked prescriptions for strength involved higher loads, whereas the highest-ranked prescriptions for hypertrophy included multiple sets.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021259663 and CRD42021258902.
Evaluation of the Global Health Security Index as a predictor of COVID-19 excess mortality standardised for under-reporting and age structure
Authors: Ledesma Jorge Ricardo , Isaac Christopher R , Dowell Scott F , Blazes David L , Essix Gabrielle V , Budeski Katherine , Bell Jessica , Nuzzo Jennifer B 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundPrevious studies have observed that countries with the strongest levels of pandemic preparedness capacities experience the greatest levels of COVID-19 burden. However, these analyses have been limited by cross-country differentials in surveillance system quality and demographics. Here, we address limitations of previous comparisons by exploring country-level relationships between pandemic preparedness measures and comparative mortality ratios (CMRs), a form of indirect age standardisation, of excess COVID-19 mortality.MethodsWe indirectly age standardised excess COVID-19 mortality, from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation modelling database, by comparing observed total excess mortality to an expected age-specific COVID-19 mortality rate from a reference country to derive CMRs. We then linked CMRs with data on country-level measures of pandemic preparedness from the Global Health Security (GHS) Index. These data were used as input into multivariable linear regression analyses that included income as a covariate and adjusted for multiple comparisons. We conducted a sensitivity analysis using excess mortality estimates from WHO and The Economist.ResultsThe GHS Index was negatively associated with excess COVID-19 CMRs (β= −0.21, 95% CI=−0.33, −0.10). Greater capacities related to prevention (β= −0.11, 95% CI= −0.20 to −0.03), detection (β=−0.09, 95% CI= −0.17 to −0.02), response (β = −0.19, 95% CI= −0.32 to −0.05), international commitments (β= −0.17, 95% CI= −0.30 to −0.04) and risk environments (β= −0.30, 95% CI= −0.42 to −0.18) were each associated with lower CMRs. After adjustment for multiple hypotheses, the GHS Index (table 2; β= −0.21, adjusted 95% CI=−0.41, −0.02) and risk environment (β= −0.30, adjusted 95% CI=−0.50, −0.10) remained associated with excess deaths. Results were not replicated using excess mortality models that rely more heavily on reported COVID-19 deaths (eg, WHO and The Economist).ConclusionThe first direct comparison of COVID-19 excess mortality rates across countries accounting for under-reporting and age structure confirms that greater levels of preparedness were associated with lower excess COVID-19 mortality. Additional research is needed to confirm these relationships as more robust national-level data on COVID-19 impact become available.
Dissuasive cigarettes as a tobacco control measure: a scoping review
Authors: Al-Zalabani Abdulmohsen Hamdan , Monshi Sarah S , Al-Ahmadi Ahmed Fahd , Ali Ahmed Khalid A , Mirdad Ghazal Assaad , Alanazi Manal Muteb , Alsaedi Mawada Qabl , Alanazi Abdullah M 
Published: July 2023

Objective
The aim was to identify and review the research literature on dissuasive cigarettes, including key concepts, types, sources of evidence and research gaps.

Data sources
PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched up to January 2023 with no language or date restrictions. All study designs were included. Reference lists of the identified studies were manually searched. Studies on tobacco products other than cigarettes or on external cigarette packaging alone were excluded.

Study selection
Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts independently using eligibility criteria. The full text of the selected articles was subsequently screened independently by two reviewers to confirm eligibility.

Data extraction
Two reviewers independently extracted data from all studies using data abstraction forms. Results were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist.

Data synthesis
We identified 24 original studies, 3 review articles and 4 commentary articles. Research on dissuasive cigarettes was reported from Australia, New Zealand, Europe and North America. We presented results in four themes: the concept of dissuasive cigarettes; approaches and types; potential benefits, barriers and concerns; and current research gaps.

Conclusions
Dissuasive cigarettes represent a promising strategy that could be used in tobacco control. Parallel implementation with plain packaging would be feasible and synergistic.
Geodesics on metrics of Eguchi–Hanson type
Authors: Yang Yekun , Zhang Xiao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGeodesic equations are solved when at least two of $$\theta $$
θ
, $$\phi $$
ϕ
and $$\psi $$
ψ
are constant, or r is constant, on scalar flat metrics of Eguchi–Hanson type. They can also be solved also on Eguchi–Hanson metrics which are Ricci flat if only $$\phi $$
ϕ
is constant. However, the explicit solution of the geodesic equations is not available yet if only $$\psi $$
ψ
is constant.
The Effectiveness of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Nardus) Aromatherapy on the Level of Labor Pain in the Active Phase 1
Authors: Andarwulan Setiana , Waroh Yuni Khoirul , Hubaedah Annah 
Published: July 2023

Background: Labour pain causes hyperventilation, increasing the need for oxygen and blood pressure and reducing intestinal motility and urinary bladder. These conditions will interfere with uterine contractions, which can cause uterine inertia, prolonged labour, inadequate baby oxygenation that results in foetal distress, and maternal and/or foetal death. if labour pain is not treated. Aromatherapy is a therapeutic action that uses essential oils. which is beneficial in improving one's physical and psychological condition to be better. Each essential oil has unique pharmacological effects, such as antibacterial, antiviral, sedative, and stimulates the adrenals.
Methods The type of research used in this research is quantitative with a quasi-experimental research design. The research design used was a two-group prepost-test design, a research activity that gave an initial test (pretest) before treatment, after treatment, and then a final test (post-test). The population in this study were all 29 primigravida mothers. The sample was 21 mothers with primigravida. The independent variable in this study was lemongrass aromatherapy, which was measured using standard operating procedures for aromatherapy. The dependent variable in this study was the reduction in pain measured using the NRS scale. The data analysis technique used was univariate data analysis using frequency descriptions and bivariate statistical tests using Wilcoxon signed.
Results: The value of p = 0.002 (α < 0.05) was obtained. Therefore, it was concluded that there were differences in pain changes before and after the lemongrass aromatherapy group. Giving lemongrass aromatherapy to pain in the first stage of labour is effective.
Conclusion: A woman giving birth during the first active phase needs support to maintain her motivation to birth normally and cope with any discomfort she may experience. Lemongrass aromatherapy, given as a gift, can be used to ease the discomfort of labor, improving both the mother's experience and her ability to trust the process.
Cross-Tissue Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing Discovers Tissue-Resident Adipocytes Involved in Propanoate Metabolism in the Human Heart
Authors: Das Sankha Subhra , Kar Asha , Rajkumar Sandhya , Lee Seung Hyuk T. , Alvarez Marcus , Pietiläinen Kirsi H. , Pajukanta Päivi 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Adipocytes are crucial regulators of cardiovascular health. However, not much is known about gene expression profiles of adipocytes residing in nonfat cardiovascular tissues, their genetic regulation, and contribution to coronary artery disease. Here, we investigated whether and how the gene expression profiles of adipocytes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue differ from adipocytes residing in the heart.

METHODS:
We used single-nucleus RNA-sequencing data sets of subcutaneous adipose tissue and heart and performed in-depth analysis of tissue-resident adipocytes and their cell-cell interactions.

RESULTS:
We first discovered tissue-specific features of tissue-resident adipocytes, identified functional pathways involved in their tissue specificity, and found genes with cell type–specific expression enrichment in tissue-resident adipocytes. By following up these results, we discovered the propanoate metabolism pathway as a novel distinct characteristic of the heart-resident adipocytes and found a significant enrichment of coronary artery disease genome-wide association study risk variants among the right atrium–specific adipocyte marker genes. Our cell-cell communication analysis identified 22 specific heart adipocyte-associated ligand-receptor pairs and signaling pathways, including THBS (thrombospondin) and EPHA (ephrin type-A), further supporting the distinct tissue-resident role of heart adipocytes. Our results also suggest chamber-level coordination of heart adipocyte expression profiles as we observed a consistently larger number of adipocyte-associated ligand-receptor interactions and functional pathways in the atriums than ventricles.

CONCLUSIONS:
Overall, we introduce a new function and genetic link to coronary artery disease for the previously unexplored heart-resident adipocytes.
The Salience of Salt Water: An ITLOS Advisory Opinion at the Ocean-Climate Nexus
Authors: Baars Lianne P. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
As the Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law has communicated its request for an advisory opinion to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS), the Tribunal finds itself in a unique position to interpret the law of the sea in light of pressing, global challenges. This article explores how the ITLOS advisory opinion could support international efforts to combat climate change and ocean acidification, and encourages an evolutionary and mutually supportive interpretation that integrates the law of the sea with international legal systems concerning climate change, human rights, and biodiversity. Despite its non-binding character, the effects of this advisory opinion would then by no means be negligible. By embracing its judicial function, ITLOS could therefore – within the boundaries of the prevailing legal framework – offer guidance on climate change and ocean acidification that is backed up by the authority of the law.
Exogenous spraying of IAA improved the efficiency of microspore embryogenesis in Wucai (Brassica campestris L.) by affecting the balance of endogenous hormones, energy metabolism, and cell wall degradation
Authors: Wang Chenggang , Zhang Peiyu , He Yun , Huang Furong , Wang Xu , Li Hong , Yuan Lingyun , Hou Jinfeng , Chen Guohu , Wang Wenjie , Wu Jianqiang , Tang Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundMicrospore embryogenesis is an extraordinarily complicated process, comprehensively regulated by a composite network of physiological and molecular factors, among which hormone is one of the most crucial factors. Auxin is required for stress-induced microspore reprogramming, however, the mechanism of its regulation of microspore embryogenesis is still unclear.ResultsIn this study, we found exogenously spraying 100 mg·L− 1IAA on the buds of Wucai significantly increased the rate of microspore embryogenesis, and moreover accelerated the process of embryogenesis. Physiological and biochemical tests showed that the contents of amino acids, soluble total sugar, soluble protein, and starch were significantly increased after IAA treatment. Furthermore, exogenously spraying 100 mg·L− 1IAA significantly enhanced IAA, GA4, and GA9content, increased catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity, and reduced abscisic acid (ABA), MDA and soluble protopectin content, H2O2and O2·−production rate in the bud with the largest population of late-uninucleate-stage microspores. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on buds respectively treated with 100 mg·L− 1IAA and fresh water. A total of 2004 DEGs were identified, of which 79 were involved in micropores development, embryonic development and cell wall formation and modification, most of which were upregulated. KEGG and GO analysis revealed that 9.52% of DEGs were enriched in plant hormone synthesis and signal transduction pathways, pentose and glucuronic acid exchange pathways, and oxidative phosphorylation pathways.ConclusionsThese findings indicated that exogenous IAA altered the contents of endogenous hormone content, total soluble sugar, amino acid, starch, soluble protein, MDA and protopectin, the activities of CAT and peroxidase (POD), and the production rate of H2O2and O2·−. Combined with transcriptome analysis, it was found that most genes related to gibberellin (GA) and Auxin (IAA) synthesis and signal transduction, pectin methylase (PME) and polygalacturonase (PGs) genes and genes related to ATP synthesis and electron transport chain were upregulated, and genes related to ABA synthesis and signal transduction were downregulated. These results indicated that exogenous IAA treatment could change the balance of endogenous hormones, accelerate cell wall degradation, promote ATP synthesis and nutrient accumulation, inhibit ROS accumulation, which ultimately promote microspore embryogenesis.
Unilateral Osler nodes, Janeway lesions and splinter haemorrhages associated with surgical arterio-venous fistula infection: a case report
Authors: Ruwanpathirana Pramith , Athukorala Harindri , Weeratunga Praveen , Karunanayake Panduka 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Osler’s nodes, Janeway lesions and splinter haemorrhages are cutaneous manifestations of infective endocarditis. They occur due to vascular occlusion by septic emboli and a resulting localized vasculitis. They are usually bilateral. We report a case of unilateral Osler’s nodes, Janeway lesions and splinter haemorrhages due to an ipsilateral surgical arterio-venous fistula infection.

Case presentation
A fifty-two-year-old Sri Lankan female with end stage kidney disease presented with fever for five days with blurred vision, pain and redness of the right eye. She had a left brachio-cephalic arterio-venous fistula (AVF) created one month back. She complained of a foul-smelling discharge from the surgical site for past three days. Redness of the right eye with a hypopyon was noted. AVF site over the left cubital fossa was infected with a purulent discharge. Osler’s nodes, Janeway lesions and splinter haemorrhages were noted in the distal fingers, thenar and hypothenar eminences of the left hand. Right hand and both feet were normal. No cardiac murmurs were heard. Blood cultures, vitreous sample cultures and pus cultures from the fistula site were all positive for methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Infective endocarditis was excluded by a trans-oesophageal echocardiogram. She was treated with IV flucloxacillin and surgical excision of the AVF.

Conclusion
Infections of AVF can result in septic emboli formation which can have both anterograde arterial embolization and retrograde venous embolization. Arterial embolization can result in unilateral Osler’s nodes, Janeway lesions and splinter haemorrhages. Venous embolization can cause metastatic infections in the systemic and pulmonary circulations.
Single-organ pulmonary metastasis is a favorable prognostic factor in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with FOLFIRI and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors
Authors: Fukuda Koshiro , Osumi Hiroki , Yoshino Koichiro , Nakayama Izuma , Fukuoka Shota , Ogura Mariko , Wakatsuki Takeru , Ooki Akira , Takahari Daisuke , Chin Keisho , Yamaguchi Kensei , Shinozaki Eiji 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Few studies have focused on the impact of single-organ pulmonary metastases on progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Recognizing differences in prognosis and chemotherapeutic efficacy based on metastasized organs may help in optimizing treatment strategies. The exploratory study was conducted to evaluate the comparative clinical outcomes and prognoses of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer presenting with single-organ pulmonary metastases and treated with folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors as second-line chemotherapy.

Methods
This retrospective study included 289 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with second-line folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors. The response rate, disease control rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival were assessed in the participants.

Results
Among the 289 patients enrolled, 26 (9.0%) had single-organ pulmonary metastasis with left-sided primary locations, lower levels of tumor markers at the initiation point of chemotherapy, a significantly higher disease control rate (96.2% vs. 76.7%, P = .02), and a longer progression-free survival (median 29.6 months vs. 6.1 months, P < .001) and overall survival (median 41.1 months vs. 18.7 months, P < .001) than patients with other forms of metastatic colorectal cancer. Multivariate analysis showed that single-organ pulmonary metastasis was an independent predictor of longer progression-free survival (hazard ratio 0.35, P = .00075) and overall survival (hazard ratio 0.2, P = .006).

Conclusion
Single-organ pulmonary metastasis was a strong predictor of progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors as second-line chemotherapy; this provides preliminary evidence for medical guidelines and clinical decision-making on novel therapeutic strategies for these patients.
Clinical applications of skin traction technique with adjustable tension in treatment of large area skin defects
Authors: Nadaph Md Israil , Meng Chong , Wu Xuejian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
To explore the clinical applications of the adjustable skin traction technique in the treatment of large area skin defects.

Research design
A prospective study.

Background
The skin is the largest organ of the human body and skin tissue exposed to external environment which makes it vulnerable to damage. There are many reasons for skin defects such as trauma, infection, burns, scars, tumors resection, inflammation, pigmented nevus, etc. Skin traction is the application of pulling force to the trunk or extremities for immobilization, fracture reduction and deformity correction. This technique accurately controls skin expansion which is safe, convenient and accelerates wound healing.

Methods
A prospective study was conducted on 80 patients suffered from large area skin defects in the department of orthopedics, the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2019 to January 2023. There were 40 patients in the experimental group who underwent skin traction. In contrast, 40 people in the control group underwent skin flaps or skin grafts without skin traction. The inclusion criteria include large area skin defects, normal peripheral skin & blood supply, normal vital organs, no severe coagulation dysfunction etc. Male & female with and without skin traction are 22 & 18 and 25 & 15 respectively. The skin traction device used was a hook and single rod type. The skin defect area was approximately 15 cm × 9-43 cm × 10 cm.

Results
Postoperatively, the experimental group with traction showed 2 cases of skin infection, 1 case of skin necrosis and 3 cases of inflammation recurrence. In contrast, the control group without traction showed 8 cases of skin infection, 6 cases of skin necrosis and 10 cases of inflammation recurrence. Skin infection (P = 0.04), skin necrosis (P = 0.02) and inflammatory response (P = 0.03) represented significant differences between two groups. There was also a significant difference in hospitalization costs (P = 0.001).

Conclusion
Skin traction has huge clinical applications including a shorter hospital stay, faster wound healing, lower hospitalization cost, high satisfaction rate, and a fair skin appearance after surgery. It is an effective method of treating skin and musculoskeletal defects.