bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension as Risk Factors for Advanced Fibrosis in Biopsy Proven Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Authors: Inukai Yosuke , Ito Takanori , Yokoyama Shinya , Yamamoto Kenta , Imai Norihiro , Ishizu Yoji , Honda Takashi , Shimizu Tatsuji , Hattori Masashi , Takeyama Tomoaki , Ando Yusuke , Nishikawa Takahiro , Morita Kiyoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Ishigami Masatoshi , Kawashima Hiroki 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo identify the diagnostic criteria for metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) related to liver fibrosis and to characterize patients with cryptogenic steatotic liver disease (SLD) (non‐MASLD) among those previously diagnosed with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodsThis multicenter retrospective study included 511 patients diagnosed with NAFLD via liver biopsy, and the prevalence of MASLD was assessed based on the diagnostic criteria. Patients were divided into those who met the MASLD criteria and those who did not, and the characteristics of advanced fibrosis and associated cardiometabolic factors were evaluated.ResultsOf the 475 patients with NAFLD, 458 (96.4%) met the criteria for MASLD, showing a high overlap between classical NAFLD and MASLD populations. Severe fibrosis was observed, regardless of the number of cardiometabolic factors. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus significantly contributed to advanced fibrosis (≥ F3), with odds ratio of 1.92 and 2.00 (95% confidence interval of 1.17–3.16 and 1.22–3.28, respectively; both p < 0.01) on multivariate analysis. The other seventeen (3.6%) patients did not meet the diagnostic criteria for MASLD. Among them, seven had significant fibrosis and a high fibrosis‐4 index.ConclusionsDiabetes mellitus and hypertension are key metabolic factors associated with advanced fibrosis. Some cases, classified as cryptogenic SLD, also exhibit significant fibrosis. Consequently, identifying high‐risk patients, including those undergoing noninvasive tests for fibrosis, is crucial.
The Economics of External Information and Risky Behavior: A Case Study of Avalanche Forecasting and Backcountry Incidents
Authors: Ferrell Perry , Hall Joshua C. , Zhou Yang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTUnderstanding risk taking is an important part of the economic analysis of human behavior. When engaging in risky behaviors, individuals rely on heuristics and external information. It is an open question as to whether external information about fluctuating risk reduces bad outcomes for risk takers. We examine this question using data from avalanche incidents in wintertime backcountry recreation. The number of people traveling in avalanche terrain in the United States has grown exponentially in the past more than 2 decades, yet major avalanche accidents have remained relatively constant. Using data from reported avalanche incidents in Colorado and Utah, this paper shows that additional avalanche forecasting services reduce dangerous incidents. A policy change in Colorado allows for a difference‐in‐differences estimation with neighboring forecast centers, which gives causal estimates of forecasting reducing incidents by 42% on higher danger days. This reduction may be partially offset by an increase in incidents on lowest rated danger days.
Direct‐to‐consumer semen analysis products: Content, accountability, and adherence to clinical guidelines
Authors: Ernandez John , Cook Grayden , Berk Brittany , Berger Alexandra J. , Kathrins Martin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundDirect‐to‐consumer (DTC) semen analysis (SA) products obviate barriers that deter men from clinic testing and have made strides in providing higher quality data. However, it is unclear how well these products adhere to the 2021 WHO guidelines on examination and processing of human spermatozoa as they pertain to the evaluation of male fertility.ObjectiveWe investigate the content and adherence to clinical guidelines associated with consumer‐facing information on DTC analysis products.Materials and methodsGoogle search terms “at‐home sperm test” and “mail‐in sperm test” were used to identify commercially available products. Products that were offered to providers or were designed for use after vasectomy were excluded. We determined which semen parameters each product offered; if it was validated in subfertile men and against an established semen analysis method; and if it provided guidance in accordance with the WHO 2021 guidelines and related AUA/ASRM guidelines. The accountability and esthetic appearance of content for each product were assessed using the Silberg accountability and modified Abbott's criteria, respectively. Readability was assessed using the Flesch–Kincaid score. Descriptive statistics and two‐tailed t‐tests were used to compare characteristics, with p < 0.05 as statistically significant.ResultsWe identified 20 at‐home (n = 17) and mail‐in (n = 3) products. 85% of tests reported sperm concentration, with 60% and 15% of tests reporting motility and morphology, respectively. Fewer than half recommended men perform more than one test (40%), and none highlighted the need for partner evaluation. Only 25% were validated among subfertile men. Most tests lacked information on their credentials and sponsors, though were esthetically pleasing. Consumer‐facing information on average required a high school level education for comprehension.ConclusionsDTC products inconsistently provide clinical recommendations in accordance with guidelines. Additionally, while product content is on average aesthetically appealing, it may lack accountability. Formal recommendations on the content and use of such products may improve their clinical integration.
Is identity leadership provided by coaches and athlete leaders associated with performance? A cross‐cultural study in football teams
Authors: Butalia Radhika , Boen Filip , Haslam S. Alexander , Van Puyenbroeck Stef , Coffee Pete , Biglari Nasrin , Bruner Mark W. , Chaudhary Aashritta , Chmura Paweł , Crozier Alyson J. , George Emma S. , Gurjar Swanaya , Hartley Chris , Huzarski Maciej , Leo Francisco M. , López‐Gajardo Miguel A. , Loughead Todd M. , Machida‐Kosuga Moe , McLaren Colin D. , Nia Seyed Reza Hosseini , Slater Matthew J. , Fransen Katrien 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe social identity approach to leadership contends that the most effective leaders represent, advance, create, and embed a shared social identity (i.e., a sense of ‘we’ and ‘us’) within the groups they lead. Building on previous research, our study examines whether the perceived identity leadership of coaches and athlete leaders is associated with a range of key performance indicators (notably team and individual performance and effort) through team identification and team cohesion. We also examine if these relationships are generalisable across WEIRD (Westernised, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, and Democratic) and non‐WEIRD countries while looking at whether they vary as a function of national culture (i.e., ingroup collectivism). To this end, we collected data from 3,135 football players across 211 teams in nine countries who engaged in an average of 4.02 sessions per week (SD = 2.03). Data were analysed using multilevel (multigroup) regressions and indicated that coaches' and athlete leaders' perceived identity leadership was associated with all performance indicators via both team identification and cohesion. For the most part, these relationships held across WEIRD and non‐WEIRD countries. However, we also found some evidence that the relationships between identity leadership and performance varied cross‐culturally and were generally stronger in countries high on ingroup collectivism. Together, these data suggest that identity leaders—across geographical and cultural borders—can make teams more effective and that they achieve this by leveraging ‘our’ strength in ways that make ‘us’ more cohesive.
Lateralization of Neural Speech Discrimination at Birth Is a Predictor for Later Language Development
Authors: Bartha‐Doering Lisa , Giordano Vito , Mandl Sophie , Benavides‐Varela Silvia , Weiskopf Anna , Mader Johannes , Andrejevic Julia , Adrian Nadine , Ashmawy Lisa Emilia , Appel Patrick , Seidl Rainer , Doering Stephan , Berger Angelika , Alexopoulos Johanna 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTNewborns are able to neurally discriminate between speech and nonspeech right after birth. To date it remains unknown whether this early speech discrimination and the underlying neural language network is associated with later language development. Preterm‐born children are an interesting cohort to investigate this relationship, as previous studies have shown that preterm‐born neonates exhibit alterations of speech processing and have a greater risk of later language deficits. This investigation also holds clinical importance, as differences in neonatal speech discrimination and its functional networks may serve as predictors of later language outcomes. We therefore investigated neural speech discrimination using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy in 92 preterm‐ and term‐born neonates and its predictive value for language development in 45 of them. Three to five years later, preterm‐born and term‐born children did not significantly differ in language comprehension, sentence production, the use of morphological rules, or phonological short‐term memory. In addition, the gestational age at birth was not a significant predictor of language development. Neural speech discrimination, in contrast, was strongly correlated with later phonological short‐term memory. However, not the extent of speech discrimination, but rather its lateralization, was a predictor of language development. Children with less right hemisphere involvement—and therefore more left‐lateralized speech discrimination at birth—showed better development of phonological short‐term memory three to five years later. These findings suggest that the ability of fetuses to form memory traces is reflected by neonatal abilities to neurally discriminate speech, which in turn is a predictor for later phonological short‐term memory.
Assessing Impacts of Offshore Wind Development: An Analysis of the Minimization of Economic Exposure of the Scallop Fishery Through the Regulatory Process
Authors: Chaji Marina , Ardini Greg , Harsch Melanie , Haynie Alan , Lee Min‐Yang , McManus Bryce , Murphy Tammy , Pfeiffer Lisa , Thunberg Eric 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTOffshore wind energy has expanded as a source of clean energy in the United States since the first US offshore wind farm began operations off the coast of Rhode Island in 2016. The emergence of offshore wind has increased the need to manage ocean use across multiple stakeholder groups, a difficult and contentious process. We use 15 years of scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) fishery data to describe how offshore wind may expose one of the most valuable commercial fisheries in the United States to economic risks. Our analysis shows that the current configuration of approved offshore wind lease areas off the northeastern coast of the United States is expected to result in relatively small economic exposure for the scallop fishery. We also illustrate how the measured development process, which includes ample opportunity for stakeholder input, has mitigated exposure through minimization or avoidance by characterizing the change in impacted activity through two case studies. We find moderate to strong levels of exposure mitigation across our three scallop fleet métiers within the Central Atlantic (CA) region. In contrast, exposure mitigation was more variable in the New York Bight (NYB) region suggesting mitigation methods in the NYB are not as effective for the scallop fishery as the CA. The open development process that allowed for early stakeholder engagement has largely mitigated the potential for economic risk of offshore wind on the scallop industry by approving the siting of offshore wind development in less utilized or less productive scalloping areas.
How to Approach a Child About Concerns for Their Mental Health and Seeking Help: A Delphi Expert Consensus Study to Develop Guidelines on Mental Health First Aid for Supporting Children
Authors: Johnson Catherine L. , Kelly Claire M. , Jorm Anthony F. , Garvey William , Hart Laura M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAdults who live or work with children are an important source of support and are gateways to professional help when a child is experiencing a mental health problem. This study aimed to develop consensus‐based guidelines on how adults such as parents, educators or health professionals should approach a child aged 5–12 years to discuss concerns about the child's mental health and seek help.MethodsA Delphi consensus method with three rounds was used. Experts were recruited from six countries to form three panels: health professionals, educators and people with lived experience (parents and carers, and young people with mental health problems). Statements to be rated were sourced from an online search of websites designed for adults who live or work with children. Further suggestions for statements came from panellists. Statements that reached 80% consensus across all panels were included in the guidelines.Results132 participants completed the Round 1 survey, reducing to 54 by Round 3. A total of 248 statements were presented to panel members, with 151 being endorsed and included in the guidelines.ConclusionsThese guidelines represent the first recommendations developed for members of the public providing mental health first aid to children aged 5–12 years.Patient or Public ContributionLived experience advocates (i.e. those with lived experience of a mental health problem in childhood and/or caregiving experience of raising a child with a mental health problem) were involved at two stages of this research: As part of the Advisory Group for the project and as expert panel members. Advisory Group members provided input into the conduct of the study and the content and design of the research outputs. Panel members provided their expertise to review every item to be included in the guidelines, proposed new items to be included, and reviewed and approved the finalised output documents.
Ecological communities in white‐sand Amazonian rainforests are sensitive to deforestation—A dung beetle case
Authors: Ferreira Andreza Carvalho , de Albuquerque Correa César Murilo , Gordo Marcelo , Vaz‐de‐Mello Fernando Zagury , Cupello Mario , Salomão Renato Portela 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Campinarana is a fragile white‐sand rainforest ecosystem in Amazonia, where mining activities have been an important driver of landscape transformation, threatening biodiversity. Despite its importance for biodiversity, few studies have investigated insects' response to environmental disturbance in campinaranas.
Here, we assess the differences between the dung beetle assemblages of undisturbed and disturbed campinaranas. The studied campinaranas differ substantially in their vegetation structure, the disturbed one strongly affected by mining activities. Dung beetle taxonomic diversity, abundance, biomass, and assemblage structure (species' distribution and relative abundances) from total and functional group perspective and indicator species were recorded in undisturbed and disturbed campinaranas.
A total of 1592 beetles belonging to 42 species were collected in undisturbed campinaranas and 459 beetles from 11 species in disturbed campinaranas. Undisturbed campinaranas encompassed higher diversity, abundance, number of indicator species, and biomass, and their assemblages' structure were distinct from disturbed campinaranas. The abundance of roller dung beetles was the only parameter that was not affected by habitat type.
Our results suggest that undisturbed campinaranas host sensitive ecological communities, with most of the species unable to cope with the changes brought by mining activities. In addition, dung beetle species can be a useful indicator for monitoring environmental disturbance in campinaranas. Considering the extension of the latter across the Amazon, this study provides information to support public policies to mitigate losses caused by deforestation in this hyperdiverse area.
Accounting Reporting Complexity as a Source of Insider Information Advantage: Evidence From Insider Trades
Authors: Duellman Scott , Klaus J. Philipp , Marquardt Blair B. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAccounting reporting complexity (ARC) represents the overall difficulty in preparing and consuming the financial statements and is of growing concern to regulators and capital market stakeholders. Although financial statements serve to mitigate information asymmetry between preparers and users, complexity can hinder their effectiveness. We contribute to the evidence on this issue by examining insider trading profits conditional on ARC. Consistent with ARC producing an information advantage to insiders, we document higher returns to executives on the trades executed in the 60 days after the report filing as ARC increases. The most financially sophisticated and informed insiders, the CEO and CFO, appear to adjust their trading activity accordingly. Furthermore, high ARC firms have a weaker correlation between current and future earnings, a weaker earnings response coefficient, and a longer return drift. Collectively, the results document a novel and material cost of ARC. ARC impairs the informativeness of financial reports to market participants, exacerbating the information gap between insiders and other stakeholders. Insiders can use this to their advantage, as they face few trading constraints during the post‐filing period.
A new species of eight‐gilled hagfish (Myxinidae: Eptatretus) from the deep waters of the Lakshadweep Sea, India
Authors: Areeprambil Xavier Treasa Augustina , Sreeram Miriam Paul , Sukumaran Sandhya , Kalli Valappil Akhilesh , Kaippaparambil Manikandan Sreekumar , George Grinson 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA new species of eight‐gilled hagfish genus Eptatretus (Myxinidae) is described based on five specimens trawled on the upper continental slope off Kollam, Kerala, India, northern Indian Ocean. Eptatretus gopali sp. nov. can be diagnosed by the presence of eight‐gill pouches and gill apertures, 10–11 pre‐brachial, 7 branchial, 50–55 trunk, 9–10 tail slime pores, 77–82 total pores, 3/2 multicusp teeth pattern, 40–44 total cusps, absence of nasal‐sinus papillae, and a light brown body color. Detailed morphological comparisons with all known eight‐gilled species of Eptatretus showed that the new species was distinct from all others by having 40–44 total cusps, characteristic body proportions, and the shortest tail length. E. gopali formed a district clade in the phylogenetic tree and exhibited a genetic distance of 3.6%–11.6% in Cytochrome C oxidase I (COI) sequences and 2.0%–4.9% in 16S rRNA sequences between the congeners. An identification key is also provided for the species of Eptatretus from the Indian Ocean.
Aggregating flood damage functions: The peril of Jensen's gap
Authors: Bryant Seth , Reimer Jody , Kreibich Heidi , Merz Bruno 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFlood risk models provide important information for disaster planning through estimating flood damage to exposed assets, such as houses. At large scales, computational constraints or data coarseness often lead modelers to aggregate asset data using a single statistic (e.g., the mean) prior to applying non‐linear damage functions. This practice of aggregating inputs to nonlinear functions introduces error and is known as Jensen's inequality; however, the impact of this practice on flood risk models has so far not been investigated. With a Germany‐wide approach, we isolate and compute the error resulting from aggregating four typical concave damage functions under 12 scenarios for flood magnitude and aggregation size. In line with Jensen's 1906 proof, all scenarios result in an overestimate, with the most extreme scenario of a 1 km aggregation for the 500‐year flood risk map yielding a country‐wide average bias of 1.19. Further, we show this bias varies across regions, with one region yielding a bias of 1.58 for this scenario. This work applies Jensen's 1906 proof in a new context to demonstrate that all flood damage models with concave functions will introduce a positive bias when aggregating and that this bias can be significant.
Exploring the Nutrition Care Journey of People Living With Obesity in Acute Care
Authors: Elliott Andrea , Noble Kia , Flynn Daphne , Bauer Judy , Gibson Simone 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundRecent studies show a high prevalence in hospital populations and best practice evidence indicates that people living with obesity should receive dietetic advice. However, patients often do not receive this care in acute settings. Understanding the experiences of people living with obesity is crucial to designing successful strategies for management.ObjectiveThis qualitative study aimed to understand the experience of nutrition care for patients living with obesity in the acute hospital setting and to redesign an optimised patient journey using a design approach. Using patient journey mapping, nutrition care across the inpatient admission was explored. A lived experience perspective was applied to reflect on the patient journey and interactions of patients with dietetic services in the acute setting. A co‐creation session was conducted with dietitians and consumers to redesign the patient journey.ResultsThe patient journey revealed that for patients living with obesity, discussions about weight were absent from the journey from all healthcare professionals. For patients receiving dietetic care, the Nutrition Care Process was followed; nutrition intervention focused on acute nutrition issues with increased energy and protein prescription: a lack of goal setting and absence of discharge planning. The redesign of the nutrition care journey identified pivot points in the pathway to support engagement in obesity‐related care.ConclusionThe findings from this study provide new insights into current nutrition care for people living with obesity in the acute setting. These findings can inform future education, research and advocacy for practice changes to improve dietetic care for people living with obesity.