bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rearview mirrors: Harvard Land Rover interviews and the ethnographic drive in midcentury Chiapas
Authors: Watson Matthew C. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryIn 1951, Mexico's Instituto Nacional Indigenista (INI) established a coordinating center for a pilot development project in San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas. INI administrators sought to draw Tzotzil‐ and Tzeltal‐speaking indigenous communities that radiated around San Cristóbal into identification with the Mexican state and its political mythology of racial‐cultural mixture, or mestizaje. To do so, the INI built roads. State investment in the transportation infrastructure of indigenous Chiapas enabled the geographical mobility of scores of U.S. anthropologists and students who used these roads to access “closed corporate communities” such as Zinacantán during the late‐1950s and 1960s. Working from archived correspondence and field notes, this essay examines Harvard Chiapas Project founder Evon Vogt's early project interviews conducted on these roads in a Land Rover. Reading the Land Rover as a space‐making technology of ethnographic rapport, I ask how such vehicles have structured ethnographic forms of intimacy and attachment and whether they render the interview space a site of capitalist capture. I ultimately refract a surfaced critique of the interview form's capitalist coloniality through a weak‐theoretical evocation of the Land Rover's social, technological, and symbolic indeterminacy.
The League of Endarkenment: Hakim Bey and the Way of Disappearance into Nature
Authors: Adamo Ayesha 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAmong his later works, Peter Lamborn Wilson—known to many as Hakim Bey—began performing ritual art pieces in Upstate New York, which he referred to as acts of “Endarkenment.” This paper explores Endarkenment from the beginning of its organic growth in the fertile soil of The Temporary Autonomous Zone, to its blossoming as fully‐realized ritual art, nourished by Bey's intention of returning enchantment back to the land. Through parallels in the works of antiquity, Surrealism, Georges Bataille, Giordano Bruno, Djuna Barnes, and others, an adumbration of the body of Endarkenment comes into view at the very moment of its disappearance into Nature, giving an idea of what Endarkenment could be as a fully realized form of internal transformation.
Clinico‐histological and molecular features of hepatocellular carcinoma from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Fujiwara Naoto , Nakagawa Hayato 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPatients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) continue to increase with the epidemics of obesity, and NAFLD is estimated to become the most prevalent etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, NAFLD‐HCC has been recognized to have clinico‐histologically and molecularly distinct features from those from other etiologies, including a lower incidence rate of HCC and less therapeutic efficacy to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Consistent with the clinical observations that up to 50% of NAFLD‐HCC occurs in the absence of cirrhosis, the imbalance of pro‐ and antitumorigenic hepatic stellate cells termed as myHSC and cyHSC can contribute to the creation of an HCC‐prone hepatic environment, independent of the absolute fibrosis abundance. Immune deregulations by accumulated metabolites in NAFLD‐affected livers, such as a fatty‐acid‐induced loss of cytotoxic CD4 T cells serving for immune surveillance and “auto‐aggressive” CXCR6+ CD8 T cells, may promote hepatocarcinogenesis and diminish therapeutic response to ICIs. Steatohepatitic HCC (SH‐HCC), characterized by the presence of fat accumulation in tumor cells, ballooned tumor cells, Mallory–Denk body, interstitial fibrosis, and intratumor immune cell infiltration, may represent a metabolic reprogramming for adapting to a lipid‐rich tumor microenvironment by downregulating CPT2 and leveraging its intermediates as an “oncometabolite.” Genome‐wide analyses suggested that SH‐HCC may be more responsive to ICIs given its mutual exclusiveness with β‐catenin mutation/activation that promotes immune evasion. Thus, further understanding of NAFLD‐specific hepatocarcinogenesis and HCC would enable us to improve the current daily practice and eventually the prognoses of patients with NAFLD.
Inflammation affects dynamic functional network connectivity pattern changes via plasma NFL in cognitive impairment patients
Authors: Yao Weina , Zhou Huijuan , Zhang Xiao , Chen Haifeng , Bai Feng ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPlasma neurofilament light chain (NFL) is a biomarker of inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying neural mechanisms by which NFL affects cognitive function remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of inflammation on cognitive integrity in patients with cognitive impairment through the functional interaction of plasma NFL with large‐scale brain networks.MethodsThis study included 29 cognitively normal, 55 LowNFL patients, and 55 HighNFL patients. Group independent component analysis (ICA) was applied to the resting‐state fMRI data, and 40 independent components (IC) were extracted for the whole brain. Next, the dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) of each subject was estimated using the sliding‐window method and k‐means clustering, and five dynamic functional states were identified. Finally, we applied mediation analysis to investigate the relationship between plasma NFL and dFNC indicators and cognitive scales.ResultsThe present study explored the dynamics of whole‐brain FNC in controls and LowNFL and HighNFL patients and highlighted the temporal properties of dFNC states in relation to psychological scales. A potential mechanism for the association between dFNC indicators and NFL levels in cognitively impaired patients.ConclusionsOur findings suggested the decreased ability of information processing and communication in the HighNFL group, which helps us to understand their abnormal cognitive functions clinically. Characteristic changes in the inflammation‐coupled dynamic brain network may provide alternative biomarkers for the assessment of disease severity in cognitive impairment patients.
Long‐term prognosis of vaccine‐induced contact allergy to aluminium: Third patch‐test with additional test preparations
Authors: Lidholm Anette Gente , Inerot Annica , Gillstedt Martin , Bergfors Elisabet , Trollfors Birger 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundA high incidence of local itching subcutaneous nodules and aluminium allergy was observed in clinical trials of a new aluminium adsorbed pertussis vaccine in Gothenburg, Sweden, in the 1990s. A total of 495 children with itching nodules were patch tested with aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2% and an empty Finn Chamber®, 377 (76%) with positive reactions. When 241 of them were re‐tested some years later 186 (3 out of 4) had unexpectedly lost their patch test reactivity.AimTo investigate the long‐term prognosis of vaccine‐induced contact allergy to aluminium by a third patch test about 20 years after Patch test I.MethodsTwenty individuals with positive and 11 with negative results in Patch test II were tested a third time with the same sensitisers as in in the first two tests. Three additional aluminium preparations were also tested.ResultsA total 15 out of 20 persons with positive results in the second test had lost their patch test reactivity. Two of 11 with negative tests had turned positive again. The addition of the preparations gave no conclusive results.ConclusionContact allergy to aluminium caused by vaccination with aluminium‐adsorbed vaccines in childhood seems to fade away with time as measured by loss of patch test reactivity.
Evolving challenges with long‐term care of liver transplant recipients
Authors: Odenwald Matthew A. , Roth Hannah F. , Reticker Anesia , Segovia Maria , Pillai Anjana 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe number of liver transplants (LT) performed worldwide continues to rise, and LT recipients are living longer post‐transplant. This has led to an increasing number of LT recipients requiring lifelong care. Optimal care post‐LT requires careful attention to both the allograft and systemic issues that are more common after organ transplantation. Common causes of allograft dysfunction include rejection, biliary complications, and primary disease recurrence. While immunosuppression prevents rejection and reduces incidences of some primary disease recurrence, it has detrimental systemic effects. Most commonly, these include increased incidences of metabolic syndrome, various malignancies, and infections. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to optimize immunosuppression regimens to prevent allograft dysfunction while also decreasing the risk of systemic complications. Institutional protocols to screen for systemic disease and heightened clinical suspicion also play an important role in providing optimal long‐term post‐LT care. In this review, we discuss these common complications of LT as well as unique considerations when caring for LT recipients in the years after transplant.
Intradermal substance P as a challenge agent in healthy individuals
Authors: ten Voorde Wouter , Akinseye Chika , Abdisalaam Ismahaan , Wind Selinde , Klarenbeek Naomi , Bergmans Menthe , van Doorn Martijn , Rissmann Robert , Kaur Rejbinder , Hotee Sarah , Foster Katie , Nair Arati , Fortunato Lea , Macphee Colin , Mole Sarah , Baumann Katrine , Brigandi Richard 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPharmacological challenge models are deployed to evaluate drug effects during clinical development. Intradermal injection of Substance P (SP) neuropeptide, a potential challenge agent for investigating local mediators, is associated with wheal and flare response mediated by the MRGPRX2 receptor. Although dose‐dependent data on SP effects exist, full characterization and information on potential carryover effect after repeated challenge are lacking. This open‐label, two‐part, prospective enabling study of SP intradermal challenge in healthy participants aimed to understand and distinguish between wheal and flare responses following various SP doses. Part 1 included one challenge visit to determine optimum SP dose range for evaluation in part 2, which determined variability in 20 participants and used intradermal microdialysis (IDM) for SP‐challenged skin sampling. At 5, 15, 50, and 150 pmol doses, respectively, posterior median area under the curve (AUC; AUC0–2h) was 4090.4, 5881.2, 8846.8, and 9212.8 mm2/min, for wheal response, and 12020.9, 38154.3, 65470.6, and 67404.4 mm2/min for flare response (SP‐challenge visit 2). When the challenge was repeated ~2 weeks later, no carryover effect was observed. IDM histamine levels were relatively low, resulting in low confidence in the data to define temporal characteristics for histamine release following SP challenge. No safety concerns were identified using SP. Wheal and flare responses following intradermal SP challenge were dose‐dependent and different. The results indicate that this challenge model is fit‐for‐purpose in future first‐in‐human studies and further assessment of novel drugs targeting dermal inflammatory disease responses, such as chronic spontaneous urticaria, chronic inducible urticaria, and pseudo‐allergic reactions.
Nonnative plant invasion increases urban vegetation structure and influences arthropod communities
Authors: Mitchell J. Christina , D'Amico Vincent , Trammell Tara L. E. , Frank Steven D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimEcological theory and empirical evidence indicate that greater structural complexity and diversity in plant communities increases arthropod abundance and diversity. Nonnative plants are typically associated with low arthropod abundance and diversity due to lack of evolutionary history. However, nonnative plants increase the structural complexity of forests, as is common in urban forests. Therefore, urban forests are ideal ecosystems to determine whether structural complexity associated with nonnative plants will increase abundance and diversity of arthropods, as predicted by complexity literature, or whether structural complexity associated with nonnative plants will be depauperate of arthropods, as predicted by nonnative plant literature.LocationWe sampled 24 urban temperate deciduous and mixed forests in two cites, Raleigh, North Carolina and Newark, Delaware, in the eastern United States.MethodsWe quantified ground cover vegetation and shrub layer vegetation in each forest and created structural complexity metrics to represent total, nonnative and native understory vegetation structural complexity. We vacuum sampled arthropods from vegetation and quantified the abundance, biomass, richness and diversity of spiders and non‐spider arthropods.ResultsNonnative plants increase understory vegetation complexity in urban forests. In Raleigh and Newark, we found support for the hypotheses that dense vegetation will increase arthropod abundance and biomass, and against the hypothesis that nonnative vegetation will decrease arthropods. Urban forest arthropod abundance and biomass, but not diversity, increased with greater nonnative and native structural complexity.Main ConclusionsInvaded urban forests may provide adequate food in the form of arthropod biomass to transfer energy to the next trophic level, but likely fail to provide ecological services and functions offered by diverse species, like forest specialists. Urban land managers should survey urban forests for nonnative and native plant communities and prioritize replacing dense nonnative plants with native species when allocating vegetation maintenance resources.
Phenylacetylglutamine and trimethylamine N‐oxide: Two uremic players, different actions
Authors: Hobson Sam , Qureshi Abdul Rashid , Ripswedan Jonaz , Wennberg Lars , de Loor Henriette , Ebert Thomas , Söderberg Magnus , Evenepoel Pieter , Stenvinkel Peter , Kublickiene Karolina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) patients exhibit a heightened cardiovascular (CV) risk which may be partially explained by increased medial vascular calcification. Although gut‐derived uremic toxin trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) is associated with calcium‐phosphate deposition, studies investigating phenylacetylglutamine's (PAG) pro‐calcifying potential are missing.MethodsThe effect of TMAO and PAG in vascular calcification was investigated using 120 kidney failure patients undergoing living‐donor kidney transplantation (LD‐KTx), in an observational, cross‐sectional manner. Uremic toxin concentrations were related to coronary artery calcification (CAC) score, epigastric artery calcification score, and markers of established non‐traditional risk factors that constitute to the ‘perfect storm’ that drives early vascular aging in this patient population. Vascular smooth muscle cells were incubated with TMAO or PAG to determine their calcifying effects in vitro and analyse associated pathways by which these toxins may promote vascular calcification.ResultsTMAO, but not PAG, was independently associated with CAC score after adjustment for CKD‐related risk factors in kidney failure patients. Neither toxin was associated with epigastric artery calcification score; however, PAG was independently, positively associated with 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine. Similarly, TMAO, but not PAG, promoted calcium‐phosphate deposition in vitro, while both uremic solutes induced oxidative stress.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our translational data confirm TMAO's pro‐calcifying effects, but both toxins induced free radical production detrimental to vascular maintenance. Our findings suggest these gut‐derived uremic toxins have different actions on the vessel wall and therapeutically targeting TMAO may help reduce CV‐related mortality in CKD.
Small lateral air pressure gradients generated by a large chamber system have a strong effect on CO2 transport in soil
Authors: Osterholt Laurin , Maier Martin , Schindler Dirk 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGas transport in soils is usually assumed to be purely diffusive, although several studies have shown that non‐diffusive processes can significantly enhance soil gas transport. These processes include barometric air pressure changes, wind‐induced pressure pumping and static air pressure fields generated by wind interacting with obstacles. The associated pressure gradients in the soil can cause advective gas fluxes that are much larger than diffusive fluxes. However, the contributions of the respective transport processes are difficult to separate. We developed a large chamber system to simulate pressure fields and investigate their influence on soil gas transport. The chamber consists of four subspaces in which pressure is regulated by fans that blow air in or out of the chamber. With this setup, we conducted experiments with oscillating and static pressure fields. CO2 concentrations were measured along two soil profiles beneath the chamber. We found a significant relationship between static lateral pressure gradients and the change in the CO2 profiles (R2 = 0.53; p‐value <2e‐16). Even small pressure gradients between −1 and 1 Pa relative to ambient pressure resulted in an increase or decrease in CO2 concentrations of 8% on average in the upper soil, indicating advective flow of air in the pore space. Positive pressure gradients resulted in decreasing, negative pressure gradients in increasing CO2 concentrations. The concentration changes were probably caused by an advective flow field in the soil beneath the chamber generated by the pressure gradients. No effect of oscillating pressure fields was observed in this study. The results indicate that static lateral pressure gradients have a substantial impact on soil gas transport and therefore are an important driver of gas exchange between soil and atmosphere. Lateral pressure gradients in a comparable range can be induced under windy conditions when wind interacts with terrain features. They can also be caused by chambers used for flux measurements at high wind speed or by fans used for head‐space mixing within the chambers, which yields biased flux estimates.
Stereoelectroencephalography‐guided laser ablation in neocortical epilepsy: Electrophysiological correlations and outcome
Authors: Aung Thandar , Grinenko Olesya , Li Jian , Mosher John C. , Chauvel Patrick , Gonzalez‐Martinez Jorge 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to study the correlation between seizure outcomes in patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) who underwent laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) and stereoelectroencephalographic electrophysiologic patterns with respect to the extent of laser ablation.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 16 consecutive DRE patients who underwent LITT. A seizure onset zone (SOZ) was obtained from multidisciplinary patient management conferences and again was confirmed independently by two epileptologists based on conventional analysis. SOZs were retrospectively divided into localized, lobar and multilobar, and nonlocalized onset types. A posteriori‐predicted epileptogenic zone (PEZ) was identified using the previously developed “EZ fingerprint” pipeline. The completeness of the SOZ and PEZ ablation was compared and correlated with the duration of seizure freedom (SF).ResultsOf 16 patients, 11 had an a posteriori‐identified PEZ. Three patients underwent complete ablation of SOZ with curative intent, and the other 13 with palliative intent. Of three patients with complete ablation of the SOZ, two had concordant PEZ and SOZ and achieved 40‐ and 46‐month SF without seizure recurrence. The remaining patient, without any PEZ identified, had seizure recurrence within 1 month. Six of 13 patients with partial ablation of the SOZ and PEZ achieved mean seizure freedom of 19.8 months (range = 1–44) with subsequent seizure recurrence. The remaining seven patients had partial ablation of the SOZ without the PEZ identified or ablation outside the PEZ with seizure recurrence within 1–2 months, except one patient who had 40‐month seizure freedom after ablation of periventricular heterotopia.SignificanceOnly complete ablation of the well‐restricted SOZ concordant with the PEZ was associated with long‐term SF, whereas partial ablation of the PEZ might lead to SF with eventual seizure recurrence. Failure to identify PEZ and ablation limited to the SOZ often led to 1–2 months of SF.
A physics‐informed generative adversarial network framework for multiaxial fatigue life prediction
Authors: He GaoYuan , Zhao YongXiang , Yan ChuLiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDeep learning has achieved great success in multiaxial fatigue life prediction. However, when data‐driven models are used to describe data from physical processes, the relationship between inputs and outputs is agnostic. This paper proposes a deep learning framework combining generative adversarial networks and physical models to predict multiaxial fatigue life. This framework incorporates three life prediction equations in the loss function of generator, respectively. The results show that models with suitable physical constraints outperform neural networks in predicting results. Introducing the Smith–Watson–Topper model as a physical loss degrades the predictive performance of the physics‐informed network. On the contrary, introducing Fatemi–Socie and Shang–Wang model as physical loss improves the predictive performance of physics‐informed network. Learning using physics knowledge can lead to the ability of model to generate data that satisfy the governing equations of physics.
Long‐term patency of arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis: A decade's experience in a transplant unit
Authors: Pfister Matthias , d'Avalos Lorenzo Viggiani , Müller Philip C. , de Rougemont Olivier , Bonani Marco , Kobe Adrian , Puippe Gilbert , Nickel Felix , Rössler Fabian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe heterogeneous quality of studies on arteriovenous fistulas outcome, with variable clinical settings and large variations in definitions of patency and failure rates, leads to frequent misinterpretations and overestimation of arteriovenous fistula patency. Hence, this study aimed to provide realistic and clinically relevant long‐term arteriovenous fistula outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed all autologous arteriovenous fistulas at our center over a 10‐year period (2012–2022). Primary and secondary patency analysis was conducted using the Kaplan–Meier method; multivariate analysis of variance was used to detect outcome predictors. Vascular access‐specific endpoints were defined according to the European guidelines on vascular access formation.FindingsOf 312 arteriovenous fistulas, 57.5% (n = 181) were radio‐cephalic (RC_AVF), 35.2% (n = 111) brachio‐cephalic (BC_AVF), and 6.3% (n = 20) brachio‐basilic (BB_AVF). 6, 12, and 24 months follow‐up was available in 290 (92.1%), 282 (89.5%), and 259 (82.2%) patients, respectively. Primary patency rates at 6, 12, and 24 months were 39.5%, 34.8%, and 27.2% for RC_AVF, 58.3%, 44.4%, and 27.8% for BC_AVF, and 40.0%, 42.1%, and 22.2% for BB_AVF (p = 0.15). Secondary patency rates at 6, 12, and 24 months were 65.7%, 63.8%, and 59.0% for RC_AVF, 77.7%, 72.0%, and 59.6% for BC_AVF, and 65.0%, 68.4%, and 61.1% for BB_AVF (p = 0.29). Factors associated with lower primary and secondary patency were hemodialysis at time of arteriovenous fistula formation (p = 0.037 and p = 0.024, respectively) and higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (p = 0.036 and p < 0.001, respectively). Previous kidney transplant showed inferior primary patency (p = 0.005); higher age inferior secondary patency (p < 0.001).DiscussionVascular access care remains challenging and salvage interventions are often needed to achieve maturation or maintain patency. Strict adherence to standardized outcome reporting in vascular access surgery paints a more realistic picture of arteriovenous fistula patency and enables reliable intercenter comparison.