bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air quality changes in Taiwan over the past decades and during the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Hung Chih-wen , Shih Ming-Fu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOver the past decades, Taiwan has achieved remarkable goals in air pollution reduction with the concentrations of several common air pollutants such as CO, NOx, PM10, PM2.5, and SO2 going down. In contrast to these achievements, the mitigation of O3 remains extremely tough due to the complexity of its formation process involving synergistic effects of precursor reductions and meteorological influences. During the local COVID-19 crises in Taiwan and the Level 3 alert in 2021, air pollutants directly emitted from the traffic such as CO and NOx present clear relationships with the drop of the recorded freeway traffic volume due to the alert, while PM10 and PM2.5 which are also relevant to the traffic do not show indications of being greatly influenced by the decrease of the traffic flow. Although road traffic is not regarded as a main source of SO2 by current understanding, the unusual SO2 variation patterns found in this study suggest a prolonged impact for months from the changes of travel behavior during the epidemic. In contrast, the epidemic did not exert influences on industrial SO2 concentration which accounts for a large portion of total SO2 in Taiwan, and a similar scenario is also seen in each type of O3 monitoring. Although some results discussed in this study are not in line with current consensuses and understandings in terms of the nation of certain air pollutants, these findings may disclose new perspectives which could be a potential benefit to air quality improvement projects in the future.
Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions of One-Dimensional Fractal Laplacians
Authors: Tang Wei , Guo Jia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe study the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of one-dimensional weighted fractal Laplacians. These Laplacians are defined by self-similar measures with overlaps. We first prove the existence of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. We then set up a framework for one-dimensional measures to discretize the equation defining the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, and obtain numerical approximations of the eigenvalue and eigenfunction by using the finite element method. Finally, we show that the numerical eigenvalues and eigenfunctions converge to the actual ones and obtain the rate of convergence.
Calculation example of full cycle carbon emission of super deep foundation pit and carbon reduction measures
Authors: Hu Hexiang , Li Chaolai , Xu Zhonghua , Gui Yue , Zong Ludan , Shi Jingbin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe determination of carbon emission from foundation pit engineering is a tough and complex project owing to its characteristics including large material consumption, short use time, difficult recycling and no operation stage. To overcome these limitations, the calculation boundary and calculation method for carbon emission of foundation pit project are defined in this paper, which is successfully applied in the carbon emission analysis of the actual engineering project, i.e. the construction of large-scale foundation pit of Kunming comprehensive transportation international hub. All the carbon emissions coresponding to four working stages including building materials production, building materials transportation, construction and demolition were calculated and anatomized. The results revealed that the content of CO2 released in the stage of building materials production accounts for 89.3% of the total carbon emission, which means the amount of building materials consumed in the engineering project is the crucial factor to control the carbon emission. Besides, two kinds of carbon reduction measures, i.e. optimization design of support scheme and recycling waste materials of internal support demolition, were explored by analyzing the proportion and average value of carbon emission from different sub project of the support structure. A pronounced effect of carbon reduction was achieved. Furthermore, both a fast calculation method of carbon emission factor of unit work volume and general carbon reduction measures are proposed in this paper, which could provide a reference and new viewpoint for the engineers and designers to calculate and analyze the carbon emission and to take effective carbon reduction measures.
The Preferential Option of the Poor: Liberation Theology, Pentecostalism, and the New Forms of Sacralization
Authors: Zegarra Raúl E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper argues that the alleged demise of liberation theology is the product of an oversimplification of the movement’s development,—one that depends on a church-focused understanding of the process of secularization. Yet, a different interpretation of this process may allow us to see secularization as a process capable of eliciting new forms of sacralization. My contention is that liberation theology has remained active in civil society, especially through faith-based organizations not supported by the Catholic Church. I argue that these civil-society organizations have become new sacred spaces that address the needs of the most vulnerable. To warrant these claims, I present a comparative study of the parallel development of liberation theology and Pentecostalism in Latin America, particularly in the case of Peru. Since both movements focus on the most disenfranchised and thus may compete for the same public, attention to the success or failure of their strategies will help to elucidate the current status of liberation theology.
Arrival of legal Salafism and struggle for recognition in Germany—reflection and adaptation processes within the German da'wa movement between 2001 and 2022
Authors: Emmerich Arndt 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe article investigates the transformation within a specific branch of German Salafism from a publicly-assertiveda'wa(proselytizing) to a politically accommodating and legal advocacy movement. In doing so, a process analysis that focuses on internal and reflexive narrations among Salafi leaders and lay members, through a three year-long mosque-based ethnography (2018–2021) and textual analysis (2008–2022), is employed. Previous studies focused predominately on the “Salafi growth phase” (2005–2015) in Germany that is associated with the attraction of exclusive group boundaries, flat hierarchies and informal networks. Less research exists on the current “decline phase”, which has commenced a re-orientation and critical reflection on past strategies and new ways of civic engagement and legal pragmatism. By exploring this new phase, the article integrates a longitudinal dimension into conventional research protocols on contemporary Salafism. The paper concludes with a discussion on the converging struggles for recognition among Muslim and other religious minorities in Europe, while linking these transformations to domestic opportunity structures rather than transnational reconfigurations of so-called “global Salafism”.
Understanding the pathways between prenatal and postnatal factors and overweight outcomes in early childhood: a pooled analysis of seven cohorts
Authors: Zheng Miaobing , Hesketh Kylie D. , Vuillermin Peter , Dodd Jodie , Wen Li Ming , Baur Louise A. , Taylor Rachael , Byrne Rebecca , Mihrshahi Seema , Burgner David , Tang Mimi L. K. , Campbell Karen J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background/objectives
Childhood overweight and obesity are influenced by a range of prenatal and postnatal factors. Few studies have explored the integrative pathways linking these factors and childhood overweight. This study aimed to elucidate the integrative pathways through which maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), infant birth weight, breastfeeding duration, and rapid weight gain (RWG) during infancy are associated with overweight outcomes in early childhood from ages 3 to 5 years.

Subjects/methods
Pooled data from seven Australian and New Zealand cohorts were used (n = 3572). Generalized structural equation modelling was used to examine direct and indirect associations of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, infant birth weight, breastfeeding duration, and RWG during infancy with child overweight outcomes (BMI z-score and overweight status).

Results
Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was directly associated with infant birth weight (β 0.01, 95%CI 0.01, 0.02), breastfeeding duration ≥6 months (OR 0.92, 95%CI 0.90, 0.93), child BMI z-score (β 0.03, 95%CI 0.03, 0.04) and overweight status (OR 1.07, 95%CI 1.06, 1.09) at ages 3–5 years. The association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and child overweight outcomes was partially mediated by infant birth weight, but not RWG. RWG in infancy exhibited the strongest direct association with child overweight outcomes (BMI z-score: β 0.72, 95%CI 0.65, 0.79; overweight status: OR 4.49, 95%CI 3.61, 5.59). Infant birth weight was implicated in the indirect pathways of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI with RWG in infancy, breastfeeding duration, and child overweight outcomes. The associations between breastfeeding duration (≥6 months) and lower child overweight outcomes were fully mediated by RWG in infancy.

Conclusions
Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, infant birth weight, breastfeeding duration and RWG in infancy act in concert to influence early childhood overweight. Future overweight prevention interventions should target RWG in infancy, which showed the strongest association with childhood overweight; and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, which was implicated in several pathways leading to childhood overweight.
Targeting Fusobacterium nucleatum through chemical modifications of host-derived transfer RNA fragments
Authors: Yang Mengdi , Dong Pu-Ting , Cen Lujia , Shi Wenyuan , He Xuesong , Li Jiahe 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Host mucosal barriers possess an arsenal of defense molecules to maintain host-microbe homeostasis such as antimicrobial peptides and immunoglobulins. In addition to these well-established defense molecules, we recently reported small RNAs (sRNAs)-mediated interactions between human oral keratinocytes and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), an oral pathobiont with increasing implications in extra-oral diseases. Specifically, upon Fn infection, oral keratinocytes released Fn-targeting tRNA-derived sRNAs (tsRNAs), an emerging class of noncoding sRNAs with gene regulatory functions. To explore potential antimicrobial activities of tsRNAs, we chemically modify the nucleotides of the Fn-targeting tsRNAs and demonstrate that the resultant tsRNA derivatives, termed MOD-tsRNAs, exhibit growth inhibitory effect against various Fn type strains and clinical tumor isolates without any delivery vehicle in the nanomolar concentration range. In contrast, the same MOD-tsRNAs do not inhibit other representative oral bacteria. Further mechanistic studies uncover the ribosome-targeting functions of MOD-tsRNAs in inhibiting Fn. Taken together, our work provides an engineering approach to targeting pathobionts through co-opting host-derived extracellular tsRNAs.
Quantifying the effects of risk-stratified breast cancer screening when delivered in real time as routine practice versus usual screening: the BC-Predict non-randomised controlled study (NCT04359420)
Authors: Gareth Evans D. , McWilliams Lorna , Astley Susan , Brentnall Adam R. , Cuzick Jack , Dobrashian Richard , Duffy Stephen W. , Gorman Louise S. , Harkness Elaine F. , Harrison Fiona , Harvie Michelle , Jerrison Andrew , Machin Matthew , Maxwell Anthony J. , Howell Sacha J. , Wright Stuart J. , Payne Katherine , Qureshi Nadeem , Ruane Helen , Southworth Jake , Fox Lynne , Bowers Sarah , Hutchinson Gillian , Thorpe Emma , Ulph Fiona , Woof Victoria , Howell Anthony , French David P. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Risk stratification as a routine part of the NHS Breast Screening Programme (NHSBSP) could provide a better balance of benefits and harms. We developed BC-Predict, to offer women when invited to the NHSBSP, which collects standard risk factor information; mammographic density; and in a sub-sample, a Polygenic Risk Score (PRS).

Methods
Risk prediction was estimated primarily from self-reported questionnaires and mammographic density using the Tyrer–Cuzick risk model. Women eligible for NHSBSP were recruited. BC-Predict produced risk feedback letters, inviting women at high risk (≥8% 10-year) or moderate risk (≥5–<8% 10-year) to have appointments to discuss prevention and additional screening.

Results
Overall uptake of BC-Predict in screening attendees was 16.9% with 2472 consenting to the study; 76.8% of those received risk feedback within the 8-week timeframe. Recruitment was 63.2% with an onsite recruiter and paper questionnaire compared to <10% with BC-Predict only (P < 0.0001). Risk appointment attendance was highest for those at high risk (40.6%); 77.5% of those opted for preventive medication.

Discussion
We have shown that a real-time offer of breast cancer risk information (including both mammographic density and PRS) is feasible and can be delivered in reasonable time, although uptake requires personal contact. Preventive medication uptake in women newly identified at high risk is high and could improve the cost-effectiveness of risk stratification.

Trial registration
Retrospectively registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04359420).
Metaboverse enables automated discovery and visualization of diverse metabolic regulatory patterns
Authors: Berg Jordan A. , Zhou Youjia , Ouyang Yeyun , Cluntun Ahmad A. , Waller T. Cameron , Conway Megan E. , Nowinski Sara M. , Van Ry Tyler , George Ian , Cox James E. , Wang Bei , Rutter Jared 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMetabolism is intertwined with various cellular processes, including controlling cell fate, influencing tumorigenesis, participating in stress responses and more. Metabolism is a complex, interdependent network, and local perturbations can have indirect effects that are pervasive across the metabolic network. Current analytical and technical limitations have long created a bottleneck in metabolic data interpretation. To address these shortcomings, we developed Metaboverse, a user-friendly tool to facilitate data exploration and hypothesis generation. Here we introduce algorithms that leverage the metabolic network to extract complex reaction patterns from data. To minimize the impact of missing measurements within the network, we introduce methods that enable pattern recognition across multiple reactions. Using Metaboverse, we identify a previously undescribed metabolite signature that correlated with survival outcomes in early stage lung adenocarcinoma patients. Using a yeast model, we identify metabolic responses suggesting an adaptive role of citrate homeostasis during mitochondrial dysfunction facilitated by the citrate transporter, Ctp1. We demonstrate that Metaboverse augments the user’s ability to extract meaningful patterns from multi-omics datasets to develop actionable hypotheses.
Closed‐form angle estimation of unresolved targets in monopulse radar to counter the angular electronic attack
Authors: Rezaei Habib , Sebt Mohammad Ali , Zarei Nadali , Saadati Moghadam Goudarz 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTypical monopulse radar cannot detect the angle of two closely‐spaced targets in one resolution cell. The authors propose a closed‐form technique to estimate the angle of two unresolved targets by using a single snapshot of four radar receiver channels. In this work, phase comparison and amplitude comparison problems for monopulse radar are resolved. The monopulse radar angle estimation system has been enhanced using the diagonal difference channel. Using a single pulse, this technique can accurately determine the angle and amplitude of the deceptive decoy and the real target. If both targets have the same direction, the proposed scheme cannot detect them; therefore, to estimate the angle of such targets, we used an additional antenna. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by comparing the exact solutions and simulations.
Psychosoziale Betreuung früh verwaister Eltern – Eine
quantitative Querschnittsstudie an deutschen
Entbindungsstationen
Authors: Ingrisch Silke , Berth Hendrik , Schulze Wolfram 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Das Versterben des Säuglings kurz nach der Geburt
stellt eine massive psychische Belastung für die betroffenen Eltern dar.
Die Verfügbarkeit einer empathischen geburtshilflichen Betreuung ist
daher ein wichtiger Beitrag zur Prävention von Folgeerkrankungen.
Ziel Ziel der Studie ist es, die aktuellen Vorgehensweisen der
psychosozialen Betreuung von Eltern bei einem perinatalen Kindstod in deutschen
Kliniken zu erheben. Es werden die Zusammenhänge zwischen
Klinikgröße und Anzahl an Informationsangebote für die
Eltern und zwischen Unterstützungsangeboten für das
Klinikpersonal und Anzahl der Informations-angebote für trauernde Eltern
eruiert. In einer quantitativen Querschnittsstudie in Form einer Vollerhebung
wurden an 206 deutschen Kliniken mit Entbindungsstation Fachpersonen mittels
Fragenbogen befragt. Die Auswertung der Daten erfolgte mittels
Regressionsanalyse.
Ergebnisse 206 Klinken haben an der Befragung teilgenommen. Die Analysen
bestätigten: Die Größe der Klinik hat einen hoch
signifikant positiven Effekt auf die Anzahl der Angebote für trauernde
Eltern. Die Anzahl der Angebote für das Klinikpersonal wirkt sich hoch
signifikant positiv auf die Anzahl der Informationsangebote für
trauernde Eltern aus.
Schlussfolgerungen Handlungsempfehlungen aus dieser Studie sind: dem
Klinikpersonal spezielle Fortbildungen zum Thema perinatalen Kindstods anbieten,
die Ärzt*innen-Patient*in-Beziehung durch Balint- oder
Supervisionsgruppen stärken, die interne und externe
interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit fördern.
What isn’t public health?
Authors: Brookfield Samuel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBy recognizing the structural causes of health and illness, public health has often been associated with values of compassion and solidarity, and a relational understanding of human agency. Rather than supporting the consistent integration and application of these insights, however, public health is now sometimes invoked more as a rhetorical move, used to construct issues as simple questions of neoliberal scientistic rationalism. Public health practitioners must reckon, therefore, with how the field can be discursively deployed in the public square, for multiple divergent political ends. If public health is always positioned as a value-neutral and detached scientific approach to addressing complex subjects, from drug use to pandemics, it not only fails to connect with the arguments of its critics, but further divorces what was once called the public health ‘movement’ from the strong and progressive political and theoretical positions it was founded upon and should advocate for today.
Novel non-Joule heating technique: Externally laser-heated diamond anvil cell
Authors: Okuda Yoshiyuki , Oka Kenta , Hikosaka Koutaro , Hirose Kei 
Published: April 2023

The externally heated diamond anvil cell (EHDAC) conducts high pressure and temperature experiments with spatial uniformity and temporal stability. These are conventionally combined with various spectroscopies and x-ray diffraction measurements. EHDAC techniques perform Joule heating on a heater placed close to or directly in contact with diamond anvils. However, the electrical wiring and heater required for Joule heating complicate EHDAC setups, hindering easy access for the measurement of physical properties. This study proposes an EHDAC technique using laser- instead of Joule-heating. We successfully achieved temperatures reaching 900 K by applying heat to diamond anvils through laser-heating of the gaskets with thermally insulating anvil seats. To test this setup, we measured the melting temperature of H2O ice VII, which was consistent with previous studies. We also measured the high-pressure and temperature impedance of H2O VII and verified the capability of electrical resistivity measurements in this setup. This technique allows various physical property measurements owing to its simple setup required for externally laser-heated diamond anvil cell experiments. The unique characteristics of this heating technique are that (1) no heaters or wiring are required, (2) it exhibits the most efficient heating among EHDAC studies, (3) it maintains the DAC body at room temperature, and (4) diamond anvils do not detach from anvil seats after the EHDAC experiment. This method significantly simplifies the experimental setup, which allows much easier access to various physical property measurements using an EHDAC.
A Kr*–Rb cold collision apparatus based on atom trap
Authors: Liu Si-Yu , Wang Yu-Chan , Wu Rui-Fan , Yang Guo-Min , Jiang Wei 
Published: April 2023

A cold collision between atoms and molecules (&lt;1 K) is one of the hot research fields in atomic and molecular physics. At low temperatures, the number of partial waves participating in the collision process decreases dramatically, and quantum phenomena start to emerge. The reaction is often dominated by quantum tunneling, and pronounced resonances can exist on collision cross sections. Here, we report on an apparatus designed for studying cold collisions between metastable noble gas atoms and alkali atoms. Our apparatus features a combined Magneto-Optical-Trap (MOT) and velocity map imaging (VMI) system. The center of a Rb MOT is overlapped with the VMI system. Cold Kr* atoms are launched toward the Rb atoms to induce Kr* + Rb reactions. The collision energy between the two species can be varied from 100 mK to 20 K. With this setup, we are planning to explore the quantum phenomena in Kr* + Rb cold collisions, including the shape resonance and stereodynamics in the reaction.
Classical nucleation of vapor between hydrophobic plates
Authors: Tinti Antonio , Giacomello Alberto , Meloni Simone , Casciola Carlo Massimo 
Published: April 2023

In this work, an extended classical nucleation theory (CNT), including line tension, is used to disentangle classical and non-classical effects in the nucleation of vapor from a liquid confined between two hydrophobic plates at a nanometer distance. The proposed approach allowed us to gauge, from the available simulation work, the importance of elusive nanoscale effects, such as line tension and non-classical modifications of the nucleation mechanism. Surprisingly, the purely macroscopic theory is found to be in quantitative accord with the microscopic data, even for plate distances as small as 2 nm, whereas in extreme confinement (&lt;1.5 nm), the CNT approximations proved to be unsatisfactory. These results suggest how classical nucleation theory still offers a computationally inexpensive and predictive tool useful in all domains where nanoconfined evaporation occurs—including nanotechnology, surface science, and biology.
A rabbit shaped bidirectional linear ultrasonic motor driven by single-phase signal
Authors: Zhang Bing , Li Chaodong 
Published: April 2023

A rabbit shaped block, single-phase, linear, ultrasonic motor is proposed. The motor is 17.7 × 9.1 × 6 mm3 in size, and the overall mass is 2.3 g. The motor is designed by referring to the rabbit running mode and the principle of a Langevin vibrator concentrator. It can realize bidirectional driving without changing the constraint position. First, the basic structure of the motor is introduced, and the working principle of the motor is discussed. Then, the motion trajectory and driving force of the motor driving foot are theoretically deduced and simulated, and the simulation results are verified by the modal impedance characteristic test. Finally, the mechanical characteristics of the motor prototype are tested. The results show that under the excitation voltage of 5 N preload and 200 Vpp, the motor is driven to the right in B1 mode, the no-load speed is 42.3 mm/s, the maximum driving force is 0.28 N, and the stall torque is 0.27 Nm. Correspondingly, the motor is driven in reverse in B2 mode, the no-load speed is 118 mm/s, the maximum driving force is 1.48 N, and the stall torque is 1.41 Nm.