bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PD239 Assisted Daily Living: Stakeholder Involvement In Identifying Innovation Gaps, User Needs, And Potential Solutions
Authors: Al-Assaf Aalya , Johnson Eugenie Evelynne , Tanner Louise , Hunter Emily , Richmond Catherine , Still Madeleine , Gill Sean , Jackson Sara , Harris Bethan , Arisa Oluwatomi , Hanratty Barbara , Liddle Jennifer , Craig Dawn , Pearson Fiona 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionTechnology is central in supporting older people with their daily tasks and independence at home. This project aimed to identify technologies that can be built into residential environments (e.g., appliances, fixtures, or fittings) to support older people in activities of daily living (ADL) through a horizon scan (HS) informed by public insights on unmet needs and priorities.MethodsA survey of members of the public was conducted to prioritize outcomes included within an evidence and gap map (EGM) framework. The EGM aimed to illustrate the current landscape of technologies supporting ADL in residential settings (e.g., care homes) and innovation gaps. The EGM results were shared with end users in a workshop discussion on the current range of technologies aimed at supporting ADL in residential settings. This was facilitated using vignettes to elicit views on unmet needs and priorities for technology development. The workshop informed the scope of the HS to identify and prioritize emerging technologies that could address unmet needs.ResultsThis project successfully embedded public involvement throughout to identify innovation gaps in technologies supporting ADL, unmet needs among end users, and potential solutions to these needs. The HS identified 190 technologies that were ready to market. All the technologies had potential to address identified unmet needs and could be built into the residential environment to support older people with ADL and to improve their quality of life, independence, and safety at home. Horizon scanning research can meaningfully involve stakeholders and take direction from their insights to enable voices less often heard to drive innovation in areas where it is needed.ConclusionsInvolving stakeholders in research using evidence synthesis and qualitative methods helps to gain a better understanding of gaps in innovation, the related unmet needs, and the technologies that might address these needs. Public involvement in the survey and workshop influenced the conduct and interpretation of the EGM, the scope of the HS, and the interpretation of the findings.
PD240 Report Of Outcomes In Health Technology Assessment For Technologies In Ultrarare Diseases In The Brazilian Public Health System
Authors: Komoda Denis Satoshi , Machado-Rugolo Juliana , da Silva Pereira Curado Daniel , Lima Silvana Molina , Modelli de Andrade Luis Gustavo , Thabane Lehana , Theresa Weber Silke Anna , Santos Marisa , de Paula de Sordi Monica Aparecida , de Almeida Cardoso Marilia Mastrocolla 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionUltrarare diseases (URD) represent a challenge to health technology assessment (HTA). The traditional framework for assessing efficacy and cost effectiveness may be biased to include clinically relevant outcomes, leaving patient-centered outcomes doomed to neglect. Here we explore patient-centered outcomes in the context of patient and citizen involvement in the assessment of URD by the Brazilian National Committee for Health Technology Incorporation (CONITEC).MethodsWe assessed 53 HTA reports from CONITEC that evaluated URD-related technologies (and included highlights of patients’ and citizens’ perspectives during recommendation meetings) published from 2012 to 2022. Data extraction was performed by two independent researchers. Data on year of report, sex, ethnicity, category (patient or family), and previous experience with the assessed technology were extracted and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Patients’ and citizens’ narratives were collated from the reports. A thematic analysis was conducted according to patient-centered outcomes and technology-related outcomes and was then compared with the evidence synthesis protocol described in the HTA.ResultsOnly seven URD-related HTA reports registered patient or citizen participation, all of which were published in 2022. The age of two participants was reported (both 17 years). Six participants were women. Ethnicity was not reported. All participants had previous experience with the technology. Four participants were family or caregivers and three were patients. Considering patient-centered outcomes, physical (muscular strength) and emotional (self-confidence) improvements that positively affected independence in basic daily functions were reported. These functions included activities such as dressing, self-care, cooking, and leisure. Advantages listed for the assessed technologies included the possibility of self-administration of medication (e.g., swallowing a pill, opening a medicine bottle, and using a syringe).ConclusionsThe results show that although, in some cases, primary outcomes reported in evidence synthesis protocols include patient-centered outcomes (e.g., activities of daily living), in other cases the evidence synthesis failed to identify relevant studies. In other cases, the reports failed to differentiate between primary and secondary outcomes or to fully account for patient-centered outcomes.
‘There’s a Little Bit of Tension There’: perspectives of mothers and early childhood educators on breast-feeding in child care centers
Authors: Demirci Jill R , Dieterich Rachel , Glasser Melissa , Harpel Caroline , Shope Timothy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective:
To explore mothers’ and early childhood (EC) educators’ experiences of breast-feeding/breast milk provision and breast-feeding support in child care centres (CCC) in the USA.

Design:
We conducted one-time, semi-structured phone interviews with mothers and EC educators to examine perceptions of support, accommodations and barriers to breast-feeding in CCC. We administered a background survey to assess participant characteristics and quantify perceived degree of breast-feeding support in the workplace (mothers) and CCC (mothers and EC educators).

Setting:
US-based CCC

Participants:
Fifty working mothers using CCC for their infants and twenty-two EC educators

Results:
Interview themes and background surveys reflected neutral feelings towards breast-feeding support received (mothers) and provided (EC educators) in CCC. Maternal expectations for breast-feeding support in CCC were generally low; workplace and social support for breast-feeding were perceived as the most important factors impacting breast-feeding. EC educators’ capacity to offer breast-feeding support was constrained by CCC infant feeding regulations, inadequate breast-feeding training and time limitations. Tensions arose when mothers attempted to manage low milk supply at the CCC level by requesting EC educators to individualise feeding or milk storage practices for their infant.

Conclusions:
Breast-feeding efforts of working mothers are undermined in multiple settings, including the workplace and CCC. Improving breast-feeding outcomes for this population requires structural/policy changes that: (1) maximise opportunities for continued, direct breast-feeding and maternal/infant proximity and (2) enforce evidence-based CCC feeding protocols and standards and EC educator lactation training.
Global Ionospheric Scintillation Estimation Based on Phase Screen Modeling From One‐Dimensional Satellite Data
Authors: Zheng Yuhao , Xiong Chao , Spogli Luca , Iman Rayan , Alfonsi Lucilla 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIonospheric scintillations, which usually manifest as sudden, rapid fluctuations in radio wave signal phase and amplitude, challenge the reliability of satellite communication and navigation. Based on the single phase screen assumption, this study uses the one‐dimensional (1D) in‐situ plasma density data of ESA's Swarm constellation data to develop a three‐dimensional (3D) power spectrum of electron density perturbation and construct a model to estimate scintillations caused by small‐scale ionospheric plasma density irregularities. By deriving the turbulence strength () and calculating the amplitude scintillation index S4, the global distribution of ionospheric scintillation is derived. Scintillation from our model shows typical seasonal variations, with peaks during equinoxes at both high and low magnetic latitudes. For local time (LT) dependence, the scintillation at low magnetic latitudes peaks around 21:00 LT, while at high magnetic latitudes, the maximum occurrence appears around noon, with an asymmetry between the northern and southern hemispheres. In addition, positive correlations between scintillation occurrence and solar activity, as well as geomagnetic storms are observed, with higher magnetic latitudes more being affected by geomagnetic disturbances. These features of our model‐estimated scintillations agree well with the occurrence of small‐scale plasma density irregularities at different magnetic latitudes as reported by previous studies. Our study introduces a way to estimate the global coverage of ionospheric scintillation from in‐situ satellite measurements, which cannot be achieved by the ground‐based GNSS networks due to the lack of coverage in the ocean regions.
Low-input redoxomics facilitates global identification of metabolic regulators of oxidative stress in the gut
Authors: Xiao Xina , Hu Meng , Gao Li , Yuan Huan , Chong Baochen , Liu Yu , Zhang Rou , Gong Yanqiu , Du Dan , Zhang Yong , Yang Hao , Liu Xiaohui , Zhang Yan , Zhang Huiyuan , Xu Heng , Zhao Yi , Meng Wenbo , Xie Dan , Lei Peng , Qi Shiqian , Peng Yong , Tan Tao , Yu Yang , Hu Hongbo , Dong Biao , Dai Lunzhi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOxidative stress plays a crucial role in organ aging and related diseases, yet the endogenous regulators involved remain largely unknown. This work highlights the importance of metabolic homeostasis in protecting against oxidative stress in the large intestine. By developing a low-input and user-friendly pipeline for the simultaneous profiling of five distinct cysteine (Cys) states, including free SH, total Cys oxidation (Sto), sulfenic acid (SOH), S-nitrosylation (SNO), and S-glutathionylation (SSG), we shed light on Cys redox modification stoichiometries and signaling with regional resolution in the aging gut of monkeys. Notably, the proteins modified by SOH and SSG were associated primarily with cell adhesion. In contrast, SNO-modified proteins were involved in immunity. Interestingly, we observed that the Sto levels ranged from 0.97% to 99.88%, exhibiting two distinct peaks and increasing with age. Crosstalk analysis revealed numerous age-related metabolites potentially involved in modulating oxidative stress and Cys modifications. Notably, we elucidated the role of fumarate in alleviating intestinal oxidative stress in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. Our findings showed that fumarate treatment promotes the recovery of several cell types, signaling pathways, and genes involved in oxidative stress regulation. Calorie restriction (CR) is a known strategy for alleviating oxidative stress. Two-month CR intervention led to the recovery of many antioxidative metabolites and reshaped the Cys redoxome. This work decodes the complexities of redoxomics during the gut aging of non-human primates and identifies key metabolic regulators of oxidative stress and redox signaling.
Development of a pressure-sensitive adhesive utilizing a highly sensitive cross-linking system with photoanionic curing
Authors: Tanaka Yuya , Arimitsu Koji 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) can rapidly adhere to any substrate under low pressure. In general, acrylic PSAs are designed to undergo a thermal curing reaction. In recent years, UV-curable PSAs have attracted increasing attention because of their rapid curing and solvent-free production. However, radical curing cannot be performed in room air, and the development of an anionic curable type is desirable. Therefore, we synthesized a novel copolymer with anionic curability using an acetoacetate–Michael addition reaction cross-linking system and applied it to PSA tape. The developed PSA tape showed good performance 2 h after coating and UV irradiation. It comprises a specific polymer that reacts with high sensitivity even when a 1 wt% photobase generator is added. In addition, it has an ideal peel strength of 1.3 N cm–1 and it demonstrated high heat resistance up to 220 °C in a shear adhesion failure temperature test. The proposed polymer is expected to provide new benefits for PSA tape, such as temporarily fixing semiconductor devices.
Adjuvant endocrine therapy with cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, ribociclib, for localized hormone receptor-positive/HER2– breast cancer (LEADER)
Authors: Spring Laura M. , Scarpetti Lauren , Medford Arielle J. , Niemierko Andrzej , Comander Amy , Mulvey Therese , Schnipper Lowell , Isakoff Steven J. , Moy Beverly , Wander Seth A. , Shin Jennifer , Ephrem Zanta , Laposta Anneke R. , Denault Elyssa , Abraham Elizabeth , Calistro Gayle , Kalashnikova Ekaterina , Rodriguez Angel , Liu Minetta C. , Aleshin Alexey , Peppercorn Jeffrey , Ellisen Leif W. , Bardia Aditya 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOptimal timing and dosing of adjuvant cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor in early breast cancer is controversial. This prospective phase II clinical trial investigated tolerability and safety of two ribociclib dosing schedules. Patients with stage I–III hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2– breast cancer on adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) were randomized to two ribociclib dosing schedules: 400 mg continuous vs 600 mg intermittent, with initiation in early (prior ET < 2 years) vs delayed (prior ET ≥ 2 years) setting. Primary objective was to evaluate safety and tolerability of continuous vs intermittent schedule. Primary endpoint was proportion of patients who discontinued ribociclib before completion of all 12 cycles (measured at 12 months). Recurrence free survival (RFS) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection were also evaluated. 81 patients were enrolled. Only six serious adverse events occurred, with no significant difference between treatment arms and no subject deaths. Twenty-five patients (31%) discontinued ribociclib before completion of 12 months, with no significant difference between treatment arms. Ribociclib discontinuation was higher in early vs delayed initiation (36% vs 21%). At median follow-up of 20 months, two patients in the intermittent arm (600 mg; Arm 2) experienced disease recurrence (2-year RFS 97%, 95%CI 88–99%), vs none in the continuous arm (400 mg; Arm 1) (2-year RFS 100%). ctDNA was only identified in the two subjects with recurrent disease at median of 7.5 months prior to radiological recurrence. Ribociclib is a safe and well-tolerated adjunct to adjuvant ET in early-stage breast cancer. Delayed initiation of ribociclib at 400 mg continuous dosing was feasible, better tolerated and associated with promising outcomes. ctDNA detection preceded clinical evidence of recurrence and may be considered as a surveillance tool in breast cancer.
Phase separation of initiation hubs on cargo is a trigger switch for selective autophagy
Authors: Licheva Mariya , Pflaum Jeremy , Babic Riccardo , Mancilla Hector , Elsässer Jana , Boyle Emily , Hollenstein David M. , Jimenez-Niebla Jorge , Pleyer Jonas , Heinrich Mio , Wieland Franz-Georg , Brenneisen Joachim , Eickhorst Christopher , Brenner Johann , Jiang Shan , Hartl Markus , Welsch Sonja , Hunte Carola , Timmer Jens , Wilfling Florian , Kraft Claudine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Autophagy is a key cellular quality control mechanism. Nutrient stress triggers bulk autophagy, which nonselectively degrades cytoplasmic material upon formation and liquid–liquid phase separation of the autophagy-related gene 1 (Atg1) complex. In contrast, selective autophagy eliminates protein aggregates, damaged organelles and other cargoes that are targeted by an autophagy receptor. Phase separation of cargo has been observed, but its regulation and impact on selective autophagy are poorly understood. Here, we find that key autophagy biogenesis factors phase separate into initiation hubs at cargo surfaces in yeast, subsequently maturing into sites that drive phagophore nucleation. This phase separation is dependent on multivalent, low-affinity interactions between autophagy receptors and cargo, creating a dynamic cargo surface. Notably, high-affinity interactions between autophagy receptors and cargo complexes block initiation hub formation and autophagy progression. Using these principles, we converted the mammalian reovirus nonstructural protein µNS, which accumulates as particles in the yeast cytoplasm that are not degraded, into a neo-cargo that is degraded by selective autophagy. We show that initiation hubs also form on the surface of different cargoes in human cells and are key to establish the connection to the endoplasmic reticulum, where the phagophore assembly site is formed to initiate phagophore biogenesis. Overall, our findings suggest that regulated phase separation underscores the initiation of both bulk and selective autophagy in evolutionarily diverse organisms.
Nationwide real-world implementation of AI for cancer detection in population-based mammography screening
Authors: Eisemann Nora , Bunk Stefan , Mukama Trasias , Baltus Hannah , Elsner Susanne A. , Gomille Timo , Hecht Gerold , Heywang-Köbrunner Sylvia , Rathmann Regine , Siegmann-Luz Katja , Töllner Thilo , Vomweg Toni Werner , Leibig Christian , Katalinic Alexander 
Published: January 2025

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) in mammography screening has shown promise in retrospective evaluations, but few prospective studies exist. PRAIM is an observational, multicenter, real-world, noninferiority, implementation study comparing the performance of AI-supported double reading to standard double reading (without AI) among women (50–69 years old) undergoing organized mammography screening at 12 sites in Germany. Radiologists in this study voluntarily chose whether to use the AI system. From July 2021 to February 2023, a total of 463,094 women were screened (260,739 with AI support) by 119 radiologists. Radiologists in the AI-supported screening group achieved a breast cancer detection rate of 6.7 per 1,000, which was 17.6% (95% confidence interval: +5.7%, +30.8%) higher than and statistically superior to the rate (5.7 per 1,000) achieved in the control group. The recall rate in the AI group was 37.4 per 1,000, which was lower than and noninferior to that (38.3 per 1,000) in the control group (percentage difference: −2.5% (−6.5%, +1.7%)). The positive predictive value (PPV) of recall was 17.9% in the AI group compared to 14.9% in the control group. The PPV of biopsy was 64.5% in the AI group versus 59.2% in the control group. Compared to standard double reading, AI-supported double reading was associated with a higher breast cancer detection rate without negatively affecting the recall rate, strongly indicating that AI can improve mammography screening metrics.
Structural basis for the inhibition of PRC2 by active transcription histone posttranslational modifications
Authors: Cookis Trinity , Lydecker Alexandria , Sauer Paul , Kasinath Vignesh , Nogales Eva 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) trimethylates histone H3 on K27 (H3K27me3) leading to gene silencing that is essential for embryonic development and maintenance of cell identity. PRC2 is regulated by protein cofactors and their crosstalk with histone modifications. Trimethylated histone H3 on K4 (H3K4me3) and K36 (H3K36me3) localize to sites of active transcription and inhibit PRC2 activity through unknown mechanisms. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we reveal that histone H3 tails containing H3K36me3 engage poorly with PRC2 and preclude its effective interaction with chromatin, while H3K4me3 binds to the allosteric site in the EED subunit, acting as an antagonist that competes with activators required for spreading of the H3K27me3 repressive mark. Thus, the location of the H3K4me3 and H3K36me3 modifications along the H3 tail allows them to target two requirements for efficient trimethylation of H3K27 by PRC2. We further show that the JARID2 cofactor modulates PRC2 activity in the presence of these histone modifications.
Ln-MOF in production of durable antimicrobial and UV-Protective fluorescent cotton fabric for potential application in military textiles
Authors: Emam Hossam E. , Abdelhameed Reda M. , Darwesh Osama M. , Ahmed Hanan B. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIndustrialization of military textiles faces many challenges and some requirements such as durability, protection and suitability for hostile environment must be provided. Herein, fluorescent protective cotton with ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-protection and antimicrobial property was currently prepared via the immobilization of lanthanide-metal organic framework (Ln-MOF). Cotton fabrics were primarily activated via cationization process with 3-Chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride to obtain the cationized cotton (Q-cotton). Subsequently, Ln-MOFs based on Europium (Eu) and Terbium (Tb) were separately immobilized within cotton and Q-cotton fabrics. The obtained Ln-MOF@fabrics showed good fluorescent character, while three and four emission bands were estimated for Eu-MOF@fabric and Tb-MOF@fabric, respectively, related to the electron transition from 5D0 to 7F0-4 in Eu3+ and from 5D4 to 7F3-6 in Tb3+. After Ln-MOF incorporation, UVR-protection factor (UPF) was significantly enlarged from 1.9 (insufficient UPF) to 22.1–25.6 (good UPF) without cationization and to 32.4–37.8 (very good UPF) for Q-cotton. Against three different pathogens (Escherichia coli, staphylococcus Aureus and Candida albicans), Ln-MOF@fabrics exhibited good microbial reduction of 68–79% and 81–91% in case of cotton and Q-cotton, respectively. The cationization improved the functionality and durability of fabrics, while the acquired functions were still existed even after 10 repetitive washings.
Tackling misinformation in mobile social networks a BERT-LSTM approach for enhancing digital literacy
Authors: Wang Jun , Wang Xiulai , Yu Airong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe rapid proliferation of mobile social networks has significantly accelerated the dissemination of misinformation, posing serious risks to social stability, public health, and democratic processes. Early detection of misinformation is essential yet challenging, particularly in contexts where initial content propagation lacks user feedback and engagement data. This study presents a novel hybrid model that combines Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to enhance the detection of misinformation using only textual content. Extensive evaluations revealed that the BERT-LSTM model achieved an accuracy of 93.51%, a recall of 91.96%, and an F1 score of 92.73% in identifying misinformation. A controlled user study with 100 participants demonstrated the model’s effectiveness as an educational tool, with the experimental group achieving 89.4% accuracy in misinformation detection compared to 74.2% in the control group, while showing increased confidence levels and reduced decision-making time. Beyond its technical efficacy, the model exhibits significant potential in fostering critical thinking skills necessary for digital literacy. The findings underscore the transformative potential of advanced AI techniques in addressing the challenges of misinformation in the digital age.