bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the relationship between the seated area features and floor plan compositions of open reading spaces in public libraries in Japan
Authors: Kojima Yuki , Komatsu Hisashi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to clarify the relationship between the seated area features and floor plan compositions of open reading spaces found in 55 Japanese public libraries completed since 2000. These elements were approached from the viewpoints of floor plan forms, bookshelf area arrangement, seated areas, and seating arrangements in seated areas. As the result of the statistical analyses of 792 seated areas—based on the nature of users' coexistence with the sociopetal, sociofugal, and side‐by‐side viewpoints—eight types of seating arrangement in seated areas and the relationship between seating arrangement types and floor plan types were found.
Walking the line: Investigating biophysical characteristics related to wildlife use of linear features
Authors: Tattersall Erin , Pigeon Karine , MacNearney Doug , Finnegan Laura 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHabitat restoration is a necessary component of wildlife conservation in anthropogenic landscapes. To ensure restoration initiatives achieve the desired effects on wildlife communities, it is useful to investigate how animals use landscape features. Understanding the relationships between wildlife use and ecological cues provides specific and measurable targets that can be used to measure restoration success.In western Canada, linear feature networks formed by seismic lines, pipelines and roads have altered the boreal forest landscape and resulted in population declines for woodland caribou. Restoration is aimed at supporting caribou recovery by deterring linear feature use by caribou predators and ungulate competitors. Information on how linear feature characteristics facilitate or deter wildlife use supports restoration initiatives by providing specific targets for restoration.Here, we used wildlife track and sign data to investigate biophysical characteristics related to the use of linear features by canines, bears, deer, elk and moose in caribou ranges of west‐central and north‐western Alberta and British Columbia. We built generalized linear mixed models consistent with three hypotheses that could explain likely mechanisms for use: (1) ease of movement, (2) risk avoidance and (3) resource availability (prey and forage).Moose, deer, elk and bears were more likely to use linear features with either human or game trails. Bears and canines were less likely to use seismic lines with greater lateral vegetation cover and taller vegetation, respectively. Moose, deer and elk were more likely to use linear features with a greater cover of ungulate forage taxa such as willow, birch, sedges and forbs.These results suggest that restoration focusing on trails, online vegetation structure and online vegetation type should deter predators and ungulate prey species to the overall benefit of caribou. Our study corroborates the findings of other research recommending structural and functional restoration using high‐intensity line blocking and vegetative regeneration. We provide specific targets for linear feature restoration to assist in prioritization according to restoration objectives, which translates to a broader goal of linking local‐level restoration actions to landscape‐level conservation goals. This approach to restoration has implications for any major system experiencing anthropogenic landscape change.
The effect of common dental fixtures on treatment planning and delivery for head and neck intensity modulated proton therapy
Authors: Hu Yue‐Houng , Seum Wan Chan Tseung Hok , Hunzeker Ashley , Muller Olivia , Foote Robert L. , Mundy Daniel W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeProton treatment plan perturbation by common dental fixtures such as amalgams (Am) and porcelain‐fused‐to‐metal (PFM) crowns has, to date, been uncharacterized. Previous studies have been conducted to determine the physical effect of these materials within the beam path for single spots, but their effects on complex treatment plans and clinical anatomy have not yet been quantified. The present manuscript aims to study the effect of Am and PFM fixtures on proton treatment planning in a clinical setting.MethodsAn anthropomorphic phantom with removable tongue, maxilla, and mandible modules was simulated on a clinical computed tomography (CT) scanner. Spare maxilla modules were modified to include either a 1.5 mm depth central groove occlusal amalgam (Am) or a porcelain‐fused‐to‐metal (PFM) crown, implanted on the first right molar. Modified tongue modules were 3D printed to accommodate several axial or sagittal oriented pieces of EBT‐3 film. Clinically representative spot‐scanning proton plans were generated in Eclipse v.15.6 using the proton convolution superposition (PCS) algorithm v.15.6.06 using a multi‐field optimization (MFO) technique with the goal of delivering a uniform 54 Gy dose to a clinical target volume (CTV) typical of a base‐of‐tongue (BoT) treatment. A typical geometric beam arrangement of two anterior oblique (AO) beams and a posterior beam was employed. Plans optimized without any material overrides were delivered to the phantom A) without implants; B) with Am fixture; or C) with PFM crown. Plans were also reoptimized and delivered with inclusion of material overrides to equate relative stopping power of the fixture with that of a previously measured result.ResultsPlans exhibit slightly greater dose weight towards AO beams. The optimizer accounted for inclusion of fixture overrides by increasing beam weights to the beam closest to the implant. Film measurements exhibited cold spots directly within the beam path through the fixture in plans with and without overridden materials. Cold spots were somewhat mitigated in plans including overridden materials in the structure set but were not entirely eliminated. Cold spots associated with Am and PFM fixtures were quantified at 17% and 14% for plans without overrides, respectively, and 11% and 9% with using Monte Carlo simulation. Compared with film measurements and Monte Carlo simulation, the treatment planning system underestimates the dose shadowing effect in plans including material overrides.ConclusionsDental fixtures create a dose shadowing effect directly in line with the beam path through the material. This cold spot is partially mitigated by overriding the material to measured relative stopping powers. Due to uncertainties in modeling perturbation through the fixture, the magnitude of the cold spot is underestimated using the institutional TPS when compared to measurement and MC simulation.
Socioeconomic Factors Are Associated With Severity of Hospitalization in Pediatric Lupus: An Analysis of the 2016 Kids’ Inpatient Database
Authors: Soulsby William Daniel , Lawson Erica , Okumura Megumi , Pantell Matthew S. 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveHealth disparities in adult lupus, including higher disease severity and activity among those in poverty, have been identified. Similar associations in pediatric lupus have not been clearly established. This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship of income level and other socioeconomic factors with length of stay (LOS) in the hospital and severe lupus features using the 2016 Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID).MethodsLupus hospitalizations were identified in children ages 2–20 years in the 2016 KID using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD‐10) codes (M32). Univariate and multivariate negative binomial regression analyses were used to analyze the association of income level, race and ethnicity, and insurance status with LOS in the hospital. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the association of the same predictors with the presence of severe lupus features, defined using ICD‐10 codes associated with lupus sequelae (e.g., lupus nephritis).ResultsA total of 3,367 unweighted (4,650 weighted) lupus hospitalizations were identified. Income level was found to be a statistically significant predictor of increased LOS in the hospital for those in the lowest income quartile (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.12 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.02–1.23]). Black race, “other” race, and public insurance were also associated with severe lupus features (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj] 1.51 [95% CI 1.11–2.06]; ORadj 1.61 [95% CI 1.01–2.55]; and ORadj 1.51 [95% CI 1.17–2.55], respectively).ConclusionUsing a nationally representative data set, income level was found to be a statistically significant predictor of LOS in the hospital among those with the lowest reported income, highlighting a potential target population for intervention. Additionally, Black race and public insurance were associated with severe lupus features.
Interplay Between Doping, Morphology, and Lattice Thermal Conductivity in PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Floris Paolo Sebastiano , Melis Claudio , Rurali Riccardo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOrganic materials for thermoelectric (TE) applications have attracted a fair amount of attention in recent years due to remarkable advances achieved in terms of their figure of merit, ZT: a value of 0.42 has been reported by for poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) films treated with dimethyl sulfoxide, while 0.25 has been obtained for PEDOT:Tosylate. In this study various PEDOT morphologies are investigated, considering both neutral and doped (bipolaronic) samples, by means of classical molecular dynamics, by taking advantage of a recently developed all‐atom force field. In the case of bare PEDOT, it is found that changing the distribution of chain lengths affects the thermal conductivity of neutral and doped samples in a different way: longer chain lengths result in higher conductivities in the neutral scenario, whereas an intermediate chain length gives the highest value in the bipolaronic case. The role of PSS in the bipolaronic state, as compared to the simpler case where the counterion is Cl−, is discussed.
Interfacial Click Chemistry Enabled Strong Adhesion toward Ultra‐Durable Crack‐Based Flexible Strain Sensors
Authors: Shi Xinlei , Zhu Lin , Yu Hui , Tang Ziqing , Lu Shaoping , Yin Haiyan , You Min , Sun Gengzhi , Chen Qiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFlexible strain sensors, particularly crack‐based ones, have evoked great interests in recent years because of their excellent sensitivity and promising applications in health monitoring and human‐machine interactions. However, the poor durability originated from the weak interfacial bonding between fragile conductive layer and stretchable elastic substrate makes it difficult to meet the needs of practical use. Herein, a strategy enabled by interfacial click chemistry is proposed for effectively enhancing the adhesion strength (τ), thereby improving the durability of the flexible strain sensors. It is found that the strong interfacial adhesion can bear larger cyclic shear force, effectively suppress the crack propagation of the conductive layer, and prevent the conductive layer from peeling off, thus stabilize the conductive path under specific strain during cyclic test, resulting in excellent durability. Moreover, the device durability (number of stable cycles, i.e., Cn) is found to linearly depend on τ, based on which “durability‐adhesion coefficient (CDA)” is defined. So far it is known, this is the first report to quantitatively establish the relationship between interfacial adhesion strength and cycling durability of crack‐based strain sensors, providing a new viewpoint for future design of flexible devices with high reliability.
Nanomedicine‐Based Therapeutics for Myocardial Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Li Xi , Ou Wei , Xie Maodi , Yang Jing , Li Qian , Li Tao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMyocardial ischemic/reperfusion (IR) injury is a global cardiovascular disease with high mortality and morbidity. Therapeutic interventions for myocardial ischemia involve restoring the occluded coronary artery. However, reactive oxygen species (ROS) inevitably impair the cardiomyocytes during the ischemic and reperfusion phases. Antioxidant therapy holds great promise against myocardial IR injury. The current therapeutic methodologies for ROS scavenging depend predominantly on administering antioxidants. Nevertheless, the intrinsic drawbacks of antioxidants limit their further clinical transformation. The use of nanoplatforms with versatile characteristics greatly benefits drug delivery in myocardial ischemic therapy. Nanoplatform‐mediated drug delivery significantly improves drug bioavailability, increases therapeutic index, and reduces systemic toxicity. Nanoplatforms can be specifically and reasonably designed to enhance molecule accumulation at the myocardial site. The present review initially summarizes the mechanism of ROS generation during the process of myocardial ischemia. The understanding of this phenomenon will facilitate the advancement of innovative therapeutic strategies against myocardial IR injury. The latest developments in nanomedicine for treating myocardial ischemic injury are then discussed. Finally, the current challenges and perspectives in antioxidant therapy for myocardial IR injury are addressed.
Tailored Beta‐Lapachone Nanomedicines for Cancer‐Specific Therapy
Authors: Li Yaru , Feng Meiyu , Guo Tao , Wang Zheng , Zhao Yanjun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNanotechnology shows the power to improve efficacy and reduce the adverse effects of anticancer agents. As a quinone‐containing compound, beta‐lapachone (LAP) is widely employed for targeted anticancer therapy under hypoxia. The principal mechanism of LAP‐mediated cytotoxicity is believed due to the continuous generation of reactive oxygen species with the aid of NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). The cancer selectivity of LAP relies on the difference between NQO1 expression in tumors and that in healthy organs. Despite this, the clinical translation of LAP faces the problem of narrow therapeutic window that is challenging for dose regimen design. Herein, the multifaceted anticancer mechanism of LAP is briefly introduced, the advance of nanocarriers for LAP delivery is reviewed, and the combinational delivery approaches to enhance LAP potency in recent years are summarized. The mechanisms by which nanosystems boost LAP efficacy, including tumor targeting, cellular uptake enhancement, controlled cargo release, enhanced Fenton or Fenton‐like reaction, and multidrug synergism, are also presented. The problems of LAP anticancer nanomedicines and the prospective solutions are discussed. The current review may help to unlock the potential of cancer‐specific LAP therapy and speed up its clinical translation.
Charge Concentration Limits the Hydrogen Evolution Rate in Organic Nanoparticle Photocatalysts
Authors: O'Connor Max M. , Aubry Taylor J. , Reid Obadiah G. , Rumbles Garry 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTime‐resolved microwave conductivity is used to compare aqueous‐soluble organic nanoparticle photocatalysts and bulk thin films composed of the same mixture of semiconducting polymer and non‐fullerene acceptor molecule and the relationship between composition, interfacial surface area, charge‐carrier dynamics, and photocatalytic activity is examined. The rate of hydrogen evolution reaction by nanoparticles composed of various donor:acceptor blend ratio compositions is quantitatively measured, and it is found that the most active blend ratio displays a hydrogen quantum yield of 0.83% per photon. Moreover, it is found that nanoparticle photocatalytic activity corresponds directly to charge generation, and that nanoparticles have 3× more long‐lived accumulated charges relative to bulk samples of the same material composition. These results suggest that, under the current reaction conditions, with ≈3× solar flux, catalytic activity by the nanoparticles is limited by the concentration of electrons and holes in operando and not a finite number of active surface sites or the catalytic rate at the interface. This provides a clear design goal for the next generation of efficient photocatalytic nanoparticles.
Tailored Electronic Structure of Ir in High Entropy Alloy for Highly Active and Durable Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Water Splitting under an Acidic Environment
Authors: Kwon Jiseok , Sun Seho , Choi Seunggun , Lee Kangchun , Jo Seonghan , Park Keemin , Kim Young Kwang , Park Ho Bum , Park Hee Young , Jang Jong Hyun , Han Hyuksu , Paik Ungyu , Song Taeseup 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProton‐exchange‐membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) requires an efficient and durable bifunctional electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, Ir‐based electrocatalyst is designed using the high entropy alloy (HEA) platform of ZnNiCoIrX with two elements (X: Fe and Mn). A facile dealloying in the vacuum system enables the construction of a nanoporous structure with high crystallinity using Zn as a sacrificial element. Especially, Mn incorporation into HEAs tailors the electronic structure of the Ir site, resulting in the d‐band center being far away from the Fermi level. Downshifting of the d‐band center weakens the adsorption energy with reaction intermediates, which is beneficial for catalytic reactions. Despite low Ir content, ZnNiCoIrMn delivers only 50 mV overpotential for HER at −50 mA cm−2 and 237 mV overpotential for the OER at 10 mA cm−2. Furthermore, ZnNiCoIrMn shows almost constant voltage for the HER and OER for 100 h and a high stability number of 3.4 × 105 nhydrogen nIr−1 and 2.4 × 105 noxygen nIr−1, demonstrating the exceptional durability of the HEA platform. The compositional engineering of ZnNiCoIrMn limits the diffusion of elements by high entropy effects and simultaneously tailors the electronic structure of active Ir sites, resulting in the modified cohesive and adsorption energies, all of which can suppress the dissolution of elements.
Versatile Microfluidics Separation of Colloids by Combining External Flow with Light‐Induced Chemical Activity
Authors: Bekir Marek , Sperling Marcel , Muñoz Daniela Vasquez , Braksch Cevin , Böker Alexander , Lomadze Nino , Popescu Mihail N. , Santer Svetlana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSeparation of particles by size, morphology, or material identity is of paramount importance in fields such as filtration or bioanalytics. Up to now separation of particles distinguished solely by surface properties or bulk/surface morphology remains a very challenging process. Here a combination of pressure‐driven microfluidic flow and local self‐phoresis/osmosis are proposed via the light‐induced chemical activity of a photoactive azobenzene‐surfactant solution. This process induces a vertical displacement of the sedimented particles, which depends on their size and surface properties . Consequently, different colloidal components experience different regions of the ambient microfluidic shear flow. Accordingly, a simple, versatile method for the separation of such can be achieved by elution times in a sense of particle chromatography. The concepts are illustrated via experimental studies, complemented by theoretical analysis, which include the separation of bulk‐porous from bulk‐compact colloidal particles and the separation of particles distinguished solely by slight differences in their surface physico‐chemical properties.
Light‐Induced Giant Rashba Spin–Orbit Coupling at Superconducting KTaO3(110) Heterointerfaces
Authors: Gan Yulin , Yang Fazhi , Kong Lingyuan , Chen Xuejiao , Xu Hao , Zhao Jin , Li Gang , Zhao Yuchen , Yan Lei , Zhong Zhicheng , Chen Yunzhong , Ding Hong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe 2D electron system (2DES) at the KTaO3 surface or heterointerface with 5d orbitals hosts extraordinary physical properties, including a stronger Rashba spin–orbit coupling (RSOC), higher superconducting transition temperature, and potential of topological superconductivity. Herein, a huge enhancement of RSOC under light illumination achieved at a superconducting amorphous‐Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/KTaO3(110) heterointerfaces is reported. The superconducting transition is observed with Tc = 0.62 K and the temperature‐dependent upper critical field reveals the interaction between spin–orbit scattering and superconductivity. A strong RSOC with Bso = 1.9 T is revealed by weak antilocalization in the normal state, which undergoes sevenfold enhancement under light illumination. Furthermore, RSOC strength develops a dome‐shaped dependence of carrier density with the maximum of Bso = 12.6 T achieved near the Lifshitz transition point nc ≈ 4.1 × 1013 cm−2. The highly tunable giant RSOC at KTaO3(110)‐based superconducting interfaces show great potential for spintronics.
A 2D Soft Covalent Organic Framework Membrane Prepared via a Molecular Bridge
Authors: Du Jingcheng , Sun Qian , He Wen , Liu Linghao , Song Ziye , Yao Ayan , Ma Ji , Cao Dong , Hassan Shabi Ul , Guan Jian , Liu Jiangtao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHighly flexible and robust self‐standing covalent organic framework (COF) membranes with rapid preparation are important but technically challenging for achieving precise separation. Herein , a novel imine‐based 2D soft covalent organic framework (SCOF) membrane with a large area of 226.9 cm2, via ingeniously selecting an aldehyde flexible linker and a trigonal building block, is reported. The soft 2D covalent organic framework membrane is rapidly formed (≈5 min) based on the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) molecular channel constructed at the water/dichloromethane (DCM) interface, which is the record‐fast SCOF membrane formation and 72 times faster than that in the reported literature. MD simulation and DFT calculation elucidate that the dynamic, self‐assembled SDS molecular channel facilitates faster and more homogeneous transfer of amine monomers in the bulk, thereby forming a soft 2D self‐standing COF membrane with more uniform pores. The formed SCOF membrane exhibits superb sieving capability for small molecules, robustness in strong alkaline (5 mol L−1 NaOH), acid (0.1 mol L−1 HCl), and various organic solutions, and sufficient flexibility with a large curvature of 2000 m−1 for membrane‐based separation science and technology.
MoS2 Synthesized by Atomic Layer Deposition as Cu Diffusion Barrier
Authors: Deijkers Johanna (Sanne) H. , de Jong Arthur A. , Mattinen Miika J. , Schulpen Jeff J. P. M. , Verheijen Marcel A. , Sprey Hessel , Maes Jan Willem , Kessels Wilhelmus (Erwin) M. M. , Bol Ageeth A. , Mackus Adriaan J. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMiniaturization in integrated circuits requires that the Cu diffusion barriers located in interconnects between the Cu metal line and the dielectric material should scale down. Replacing the conventional TaN with a 2D transition metal dichalcogenide barrier potentially offers the opportunity to scale to 1–2 nm thick barriers. In this article, it is demonstrated that MoS2 synthesized by atomic layer deposition (ALD) can be employed as a Cu diffusion barrier. ALD offers a controlled growth process at back‐end‐of‐line (BEOL) compatible temperatures. MoS2 films of different thicknesses (i.e., 2.2, 4.3, and 6.5 nm) are tested by time‐dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) measurements, demonstrating that ALD‐grown MoS2 can enhance dielectric lifetime by a factor up to 17 at an electric field of 7 MV cm−1. Extrapolation to lower E‐fields shows that the MoS2 barriers prepared by ALD have at least an order of magnitude higher median‐time‐to‐failure during device operation at 0.5 MV cm−1 compared with MoS2 barriers prepared by other methods. By scaling the thickness further down in future work, the ALD MoS2 films can be applied as ultrathin Cu diffusion barriers.