bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periphery Fusion Strategy of a Carbazole‐Based Macrocycle toward Coplanar N‐Heterocycloarene for High‐Mobility Single‐Crystal Transistors
Authors: Zhang Ning , Li Wenhao , Zhu Jiangyu , Wang Teng , Zhang Rong , Chi Kai , Liu Yunqi , Zhao Yan , Lu Xuefeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDesigning (hetero)cycloarenes through the modifications of the π‐topology and molecular packing of organic semiconductors has recently garnered considerable attention. However, their applications as an organic active layer in field‐effect transistors are very limited, and the obtained hole carrier mobilities are less than 1 cm2 V‐1 s‐1. In this work, a novel alkyl‐substituted coplanar N‐heterocycloarene (FM‐C4) containing four carbazole units is successfully synthesized in crystalline form. As compared to the corresponding single‐bond‐linked carbazole‐based macrocycle M‐C4, it is found that the periphery fusion strategy greatly changes the electronic structures, energy levels, photophysical properties, host–guest interactions with fullerenes, and molecular crystal stacking motifs. In particular, the fully fused N‐heterocycloarene FM‐C4 exhibits a herringbone packing structure with an unusual long‐range π−π overlap distance as low as 3.19 Å, whereas the single crystal of M‐C4 demonstrates no π−π interactions. As a consequence, FM‐C4 in single‐crystal transistors displays the highest hole mobility of 2.06 cm2 V‐1 s‐1, significantly outperforming M‐C4 and all the reported (hetero)cycloarenes and suggesting the high potential of (hetero)cycloarenes for organic electronic applications.
Peptide‐Decorated Artificial Erythrocyte Microvesicles Endowed with Lymph Node Targeting Function for Drug Delivery
Authors: Zhang Gan , Cheng Wenjing , Yang Ni , Yang Baoye , Yu Shi , Zheng Jing , Li Miaomiao , Fu Yaling , Li Xinzhi , Song Yinhong , Zhang Zhihong , Yu Xiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMicrovesicles (MVs) are heterogeneous membrane‐bound sacs formed by direct plasma membrane budding, that have promising potential for targeted drug delivery and therapy. However, to date, they have limited application to lymph node (LN) targeting due to their large size. Herein, the direct size conversion of erythrocyte‐derived MVs (eMVs) via incubation with an ApoA‐I mimetic peptide (R4F) capable of binding phospholipids is performed. The interaction between the R4F peptide and phospholipid bilayers of eMVs limits the maximum possible length of the lipid‐bound conformation and induces the formation of small‐sized eMVs, which further endows them with SR‐B1 receptor and LN targeting functions. In a lymphadenitis model, dexamethasone (Dex)‐loaded eMVs functionalized with R4F peptide can specifically suppress the macrophage inflammatory response through the NF‐κB and p38 MAPK pathways along with reducing inflammatory cell infiltration to improve lymphadenitis. Moreover, celastrol (Cel)‐loaded eMVs functionalized with R4F peptide can significantly inhibit LN metastasis by selectively killing SR‐B1–overexpressing 4T1 tumor cells and inducing T cell‐mediated systemic antitumor immune responses in LN metastatic model of breast cancer. Thus, small R4F peptide‐decorated eMVs with SR‐B1–targeting ability provide an excellent drug delivery system for the targeted treatment of LN‐associated diseases, opening new frontiers for LN‐targeted drug delivery.
Intermixing‐Driven Surface and Bulk Ferromagnetism in the Quantum Anomalous Hall Candidate MnBi6Te10
Authors: Tcakaev Abdul‐Vakhab , Rubrecht Bastian , Facio Jorge I. , Zabolotnyy Volodymyr B. , Corredor Laura T. , Folkers Laura C. , Kochetkova Ekaterina , Peixoto Thiago R. F. , Kagerer Philipp , Heinze Simon , Bentmann Hendrik , Green Robert J. , Gargiani Pierluigi , Valvidares Manuel , Weschke Eugen , Haverkort Maurits W. , Reinert Friedrich , van den Brink Jeroen , Büchner Bernd , Wolter Anja U. B. , Isaeva Anna , Hinkov Vladimir 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe recent realizations of the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) in MnBi2Te4 and MnBi4Te7 benchmark the (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)n family as a promising hotbed for further QAHE improvements. The family owes its potential to its ferromagnetically (FM) ordered MnBi2Te4 septuple layers (SLs). However, the QAHE realization is complicated in MnBi2Te4 and MnBi4Te7 due to the substantial antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling between the SLs. An FM state, advantageous for the QAHE, can be stabilized by interlacing the SLs with an increasing number n of Bi2Te3 quintuple layers (QLs). However, the mechanisms driving the FM state and the number of necessary QLs are not understood, and the surface magnetism remains obscure. Here, robust FM properties in MnBi6Te10 (n = 2) with Tc ≈ 12 K are demonstrated and their origin is established in the Mn/Bi intermixing phenomenon by a combined experimental and theoretical study. The measurements reveal a magnetically intact surface with a large magnetic moment, and with FM properties similar to the bulk. This investigation thus consolidates the MnBi6Te10 system as perspective for the QAHE at elevated temperatures.
3D Printed Conductive Multiscale Nerve Guidance Conduit with Hierarchical Fibers for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Fang Yongcong , Wang Chengjin , Liu Zibo , Ko Jeonghoon , Chen Li , Zhang Ting , Xiong Zhuo , Zhang Lei , Sun Wei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have become a promising alternative for peripheral nerve regeneration; however, the outcome of nerve regeneration and functional recovery is greatly affected by the physical, chemical, and electrical properties of NGCs. In this study, a conductive multiscale filled NGC (MF‐NGC) consisting of electrospun poly(lactide‐co‐caprolactone) (PCL)/collagen nanofibers as the sheath, reduced graphene oxide /PCL microfibers as the backbone, and PCL microfibers as the internal structure for peripheral nerve regeneration is developed. The printed MF‐NGCs presented good permeability, mechanical stability, and electrical conductivity, which further promoted the elongation and growth of Schwann cells and neurite outgrowth of PC12 neuronal cells. Animal studies using a rat sciatic nerve injury model reveal that the MF‐NGCs promote neovascularization and M2 transition through the rapid recruitment of vascular cells and macrophages. Histological and functional assessments of the regenerated nerves confirm that the conductive MF‐NGCs significantly enhance peripheral nerve regeneration, as indicated by improved axon myelination, muscle weight increase, and sciatic nerve function index. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using 3D‐printed conductive MF‐NGCs with hierarchically oriented fibers as functional conduits that can significantly enhance peripheral nerve regeneration.
Antioxidant Cascade Nanoenzyme Antagonize Inflammatory Pain by Modulating MAPK/p‐65 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ling Yuejuan , Nie Dekang , Huang Yue , Deng Mengyuan , Liu Qianqian , Shi Jinlong , Ouyang Siguang , Yang Yu , Deng Song , Lu Zhichao , Yang Junling , Wang Yi , Huang Rongqin , Shi Wei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChronic pain has attracted wide interest because it is a major obstacle affecting the quality of life. Consequently, safe, efficient, and low‐addictive drugs are highly desirable. Nanoparticles (NPs) with robust anti‐oxidative stress and anti‐inflammatory properties possess therapeutic possibilities for inflammatory pain. Herein, a bioactive zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)‐8‐capped superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Fe3O4 NPs (SOD&Fe3O4@ZIF‐8, SFZ) is developed to achieve enhanced catalytic, antioxidative activities, and inflammatory environment selectivity, ultimately improving analgesic efficacy. SFZ NPs reduce tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (t‐BOOH)‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, thereby depressing the oxidative stress and inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammatory response in microglia. After intrathecal injection, SFZ NPs efficiently accumulate at the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord and significantly relieve complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐induced inflammatory pain in mice. Moreover, the detailed mechanism of inflammatory pain therapy via SFZ NPs is further studied, where SFZ NPs inhibit the activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)/p‐65 signaling pathway, leading to reductions in phosphorylated protein levels (p‐65, p‐ERK, p‐JNK, and p‐p38) and inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]‐α, interleukin [IL]‐6, and IL‐1β), thereby preventing microglia and astrocyte activation for acesodyne. This study provides a new cascade nanoenzyme for antioxidant treatments and explores its potential applications as non‐opioid analgesics.
In Vivo Assembly of Photosystem I‐Hydrogenase Chimera for In Vitro PhotoH2 Production
Authors: Wang Panpan , Frank Anna , Appel Jens , Boehm Marko , Strabel Nadine , Nowaczyk Marc M. , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Conzuelo Felipe , Gutekunst Kirstin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhotosynthetic hydrogen (photoH2) production is an elegant approach to storing solar energy. The most efficient strategy is to couple the hydrogen‐producing enzyme, the hydrogenase (H2ase), directly to photosystem I (PSI), which is a light‐driven nanomachine found in photosynthetic organisms. PSI–H2ase fusions have been tested in vivo and in vitro. Both approaches have each their specific advantages and drawbacks. Here, a system to combine both approaches by assembling PSI–H2ase fusions in vivo for in vitro photoH2 production is established. For this, cyanobacterial PSI–H2ase fusion mutants are generated and characterized concerning photoH2 production in vivo. The chimeric protein is purified and embedded in a redox polymer on an electrode where it successfully produces photoH2 in vitro. The combination of in vivo and in vitro processes comes along with reciprocal benefits. The in vivo assembly ensures that the chimeric protein is fully functional and suited for the fabrication of bioelectrodes in vitro. At the same time, the photoelectrochemical in vitro characterization now permits to analyze the assemblies in detail. This will open avenues to optimize in vivo and in vitro approaches for photoH2 production in a target‐oriented manner in the future.
Unveiling the Mechanical and Electrochemical Evolution of Nanosilicon Composite Anodes in Sulfide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Cao Daxian , Ji Tongtai , Singh Avtar , Bak Seongmin , Du Yonghua , Xiao Xianghui , Xu Hongyi , Zhu Juner , Zhu Hongli 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe utilization of silicon anodes in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries provides good prospects for facilitating high energy density. However, the compatibility of sulfide solid‐state electrolytes (SEs) with Si and carbon is often questioned due to potential decomposition. Herein, operando X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, ex situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ex situ X‐ray nanotomography (XnT) are utilized to investigate the chemistry and structure evolution of nano‐Si composite anodes. Results from XANES demonstrate a partial decomposition of SEs during the first lithiation stage, which is intensified by the presence of carbon. Nevertheless, the performances of first three cycles in Si–SE–C are stable, which proves that the generated media is ionically conductive. XnT and SEM results show that the addition of SEs and carbon improves the structural stability of the anode, with fewer pores and voids. A chemo‐elasto‐plastic model reveals that SEs and carbon buffer the volume expansion of Si, thus enhancing mechanical stability. The balance between the pros and cons of SEs and carbon in enhancing reaction kinetics and structural stability enables the Si composite anode to demonstrate the highest Si utilization with higher specific capacities and a better rate than pure Si and Si composite anodes with only SEs.
Orientation Engineering via 2D Seeding for Stable 24.83% Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Wenjing , Wu Meizi , Liu Zhike , Yang Shaomin , Li Yong , Wang Jungang , Yang Lu , Han Yu , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOrganic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been extensively researched as a promising photovoltaic technology, wherein the orientation of the perovskite film plays a crucial role in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability. Here, a seed‐mediated method is developed to in situ grow a layer of 2D perovskite seed for epitaxial growth of 3D perovskite atop it to construct a high‐quality 2D/3D heterojunction. It is found that the epitaxial 3D perovskite film exhibits a preferred [112] direction, which is different from traditional perovskites with a preferred [001] orientation. The oriented perovskite film consists of large‐sized grains with low defect density, long charge‐carrier lifetime, and good stability, resulting in efficient PSCs with a champion efficiency of 24.83%. In addition, the devices exhibit high stability under ambient, thermal, and continuous light‐soaking conditions. This work provides an effective strategy for achieving high‐quality perovskite films with tunable orientation to simultaneously boost the efficiency and stability of PSCs.
Electronic Enhancement Engineering by Atomic Fe–N4 Sites for Highly‐Efficient PEMFCs: Tailored Electric‐Thermal Field on Pt Surface
Authors: Wang Kun , Yang Hao , Wang Qiushi , Yu Jinli , He Yu , Wang Yifan , Song Shuqin , Wang Yi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLowering noble‐metal Pt usage and simultaneously enhancing electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and stability of Pt‐based ORR electrocatalysts is the key to realize the large‐scale application of fuel cells. Here, an effective strategy is developed to reduce Pt usage through the strong electron interaction between uniform Pt nanoparticles (≈4.0 nm) and abundant atomically dispersed Fe–N4 sites modified on an ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) surface for efficiently enhancing ORR performance. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the strong electron interactions between Pt and Fe–N4 sites decrease the d‐band center of Pt in Pt@Fe–N–OMC‐2 by 0.21 eV relative to that of as‐prepared Pt@OMC, indicating the weakened O2 adsorption and accelerated desorption of oxygenated species on Pt sites. In situ Raman spectra demonstrate that the introduction of Fe–N4 moieties promotes the O–OH dissociation process. Finite element method simulations reveal that the electric and thermal field of the embedded Pt nanoparticle surface is enhanced through modifying Fe–N4 sites on the OMC surface, accelerating the accumulation of ORR‐related species (O2, H+, and H2O), which is conductive to electrocatalyzing the ORR. This innovative approach not only illustrates the synergistic mechanism between Pt and Fe–N4 sites, but also simultaneously provides new avenues to design advanced electrocatalysts for fuel cells.
Carpal allometry of African apes among mammals
Authors: Goldstein Deanna M. , Sylvester Adam D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesMorphological variation in African ape carpals has been used to support the idea that Pan and Gorilla evolved knuckle‐walking independently. Little work, however, has focused on the effect of body mass on carpal morphology. Here, we compare carpal allometry in Pan and Gorilla to that of other quadrupedal mammals with similar body mass differences. If allometric trends in Pan and Gorilla carpals mirror those of other mammals with similar body mass variation, then body mass differences may provide a more parsimonious explanation for African ape carpal variation than the independent evolution of knuckle‐walking.Materials and MethodsThree linear measurements were collected on the capitate, hamate, lunate, and scaphoid (or scapholunate) of 39 quadrupedal species from six mammalian families/subfamilies. Relationships between linear measurements and estimated body mass were analyzed using reduced major axis regression. Slopes were compared to 0.33 for isometry.ResultsWithin Hominidae, higher body mass taxa (Gorilla) have relatively anteroposteriorly wider, mediolaterally wider, and/or proximodistally shorter capitates, hamates, and scaphoids than low body mass taxa (Pan). These allometric relationships are mirrored in most, but not all, mammalian families/subfamilies included in the analysis.ConclusionsWithin most mammalian families/subfamilies, carpals of high body mass taxa are proximodistally shorter, anteroposteriorly wider, and mediolaterally wider than those of low body mass taxa. These distinctions may be caused by the need to accommodate relatively higher forelimb loading associated with greater body mass. Because these trends occur within multiple mammalian families/subfamilies, some carpal variation in Pan and Gorilla is consistent with body mass differences.
Dementia occurring over a 32‐year follow‐up attributable to hypertension observed at different ages: Implications for dementia prevention
Authors: Smith Jason R. , Sharrett A. Richey , Pike James Russel , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Knopman David S. , Lee Mark , Lutsey Pamela L. , Palta Priya , Windham B. Gwen , Coresh Josef , Deal Jennifer A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe fraction of dementia attributable to hypertension might vary depending on the age of the population considered and the age through which dementia occurs.METHODSIn the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, we quantified population attributable fractions (PAF) of dementia by age 80 and 90 from hypertension assessed at ages of 45–54 (n = 7572), 55–64 (n = 12,033), 65–74 (n = 6561), and 75–84 (n = 2086).RESULTSThe PAF for dementia by age 80 from all non‐normal blood pressure at ages 45–54 was 15.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.9%–22.3%), 19.1% (95% CI = 9.9%–26.9%) at ages 55–64, and 19.9% (95% CI = −4.4%–38.5%) at ages 65–74. The strongest PAFs were from stage 2 hypertension (11.9%–21.3%). For dementia by age 90, PAFs from non‐normal blood pressure up through age 75 were smaller (10.9%–13.8%), and non‐significant by age 75–84.DISCUSSIONInterventions targeting hypertension even in early late life might reduce a sizeable proportion of dementia.Highlights
We estimated prospective population attributable risks of dementia for hypertension.
15%–20% of dementia cases by age 80 are from non‐normal blood pressure (BP).
Associations between hypertension and dementia persisted through age 75.
Midlife to early late‐life BP control might reduce a large proportion of dementia.
Measurement differences in the assessment of functional limitations for cognitive impairment classification across geographic locations
Authors: Nichols Emma , Ng Derek K. , Hayat Shabina , Langa Kenneth M. , Lee Jinkook , Steptoe Andrew , Deal Jennifer A. , Gross Alden L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe measurement of dementia in cross‐national contexts relies on the assessment of functional limitations. We aimed to evaluate the performance of survey items on functional limitations across culturally diverse geographic settings.MethodsWe used data from the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol Surveys (HCAP) in five countries (total N = 11,250) to quantify associations between items on functional limitations and cognitive impairment.ResultsMany items performed better in the United States and England compared to South Africa, India, and Mexico. Items on the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSID) had the least variability across countries (SD = 0.73 vs. 0.92 [Blessed] and 0.98 [Jorm IQCODE]), but also the weakest associations with cognitive impairment (median odds ratio [OR] = 2.23 vs. 3.01 [Blessed] and 2.75 [Jorm IQCODE]).DiscussionDifferences in cultural norms for reporting functional limitations likely influences performance of items on functional limitations and may affect the interpretation of results from substantive studies.Highlights
There was substantial cross‐country variation in item performance.
Items from the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSID) had less cross‐country variability but lower performance.
There was more variability in performance of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) compared to activities of daily living (ADL) items.
Variability in cultural expectations of older adults should be taken into account.
Results highlight the need for novel approaches to assessing functional limitations.
Identification of Active Sites Formed on Cobalt Oxyhydroxide in Glucose Electrooxidation
Authors: Zhu Yu‐Quan , Zhou Hua , Dong Juncai , Xu Si‐Min , Xu Ming , Zheng Lirong , Xu Qian , Ma Lina , Li Zhenhua , Shao Mingfei , Duan Haohong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTransition‐metal‐based oxyhydroxides are efficient catalysts in biomass electrooxidation towards fossil‐fuel‐free production of valuable chemicals. However, identification of active sites remains elusive. Herein, using cobalt oxyhydroxide (CoOOH) as the archetype and the electrocatalyzed glucose oxidation reaction (GOR) as the model reaction, we track dynamic transformation of the electronic and atomic structure of the catalyst using a suite of operando and ex situ techniques. We reveal that two types of reducible Co3+‐oxo species are afforded for the GOR, including adsorbed hydroxyl on Co3+ ion (μ1‐OH−Co3+) and di‐Co3+‐bridged lattice oxygen (μ2‐O−Co3+). Moreover, theoretical calculations unveil that μ1‐OH−Co3+ is responsible for oxygenation, while μ2‐O−Co3+ mainly contributes to dehydrogenation, both as key oxidative steps in glucose‐to‐formate transformation. This work provides a framework for mechanistic understanding of the complex near‐surface chemistry of metal oxyhydroxides in biomass electrorefining.
Synergistic Fe−Se Atom Pairs as Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts Boost Low‐Temperature Rechargeable Zn‐Air Battery
Authors: Wang Yao , Wu Jiao , Tang Shuaihao , Yang Jiarui , Ye Chenliang , Chen Juan , Lei Yongpeng , Wang Dingsheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHerein, we successfully construct bifunctional electrocatalysts by synthesizing atomically dispersed Fe−Se atom pairs supported on N‐doped carbon (Fe−Se/NC). The obtained Fe−Se/NC shows a noteworthy bifunctional oxygen catalytic performance with a low potential difference of 0.698 V, far superior to that of reported Fe‐based single‐atom catalysts. The theoretical calculations reveal that p‐d orbital hybridization around the Fe−Se atom pairs leads to remarkably asymmetrical polarized charge distributions. Fe−Se/NC based solid‐state rechargeable Zn‐air batteries (ZABs−Fe−Se/NC) present stable charge/discharge of 200 h (1090 cycles) at 20 mA cm−2at 25 °C, which is 6.9 times of ZABs−Pt/C+Ir/C. At extremely low temperature of −40 °C, ZABs−Fe−Se/NC displays an ultra‐robust cycling performance of 741 h (4041 cycles) at 1 mA cm−2, which is about 11.7 times of ZABs−Pt/C+Ir/C. More importantly, ZABs−Fe−Se/NC could be operated for 133 h (725 cycles) even at 5 mA cm−2at −40 °C.
Highly Strained Oxygen‐Doped Chiral Molecular Belts of the Zigzag‐Type with Strong Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Chen Jia‐Hui , Jiang Zhi‐Yu , Xiao Hai , Tong Shuo , Shi Tan‐Hao , Zhu Jieping , Wang Mei‐Xiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHerein we report a two‐directional cyclization strategy for the synthesis of highly strained depth‐expanded oxygen‐doped chiral molecular belts of the zigzag‐type. From the easily accessible resorcin[4]arenes, an unprecedented cyclization cascade generating fused 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐phenalenes has been developed to access expanded molecular belts. Stitching up the fjords through intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution and ring‐closing olefin metathesis reactions furnished a highly strained O‐doped C2‐symmetric belt. The enantiomers of the acquired compounds exhibited excellent chiroptical properties. The calculated parallelly aligned electric (μ) and magnetic (m) transition dipole moments are translated to the high dissymmetry factor (|glum| up to 0.022). This study provides not only an appealing and useful strategy for the synthesis of strained molecular belts but also a new paradigm for the fabrication of belt‐derived chiroptical materials with high CPL activities.