bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the patient experience and treatment benefits in patients with non–small‐cell lung cancer with brain metastasis
Authors: Cella David , Wen Patrick Y. , Ervin Claire , Vallow Susan , Gilloteau Isabelle , DeMuro Carla , Mordin Margaret , Chassot Agostinho Andrea , Dine Jennifer 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the high prevalence of brain metastases (BM) secondary to non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (NSCLC/BM), patients' experiences (symptoms and impacts) are not fully understood. This study sought to understand the patient experience with NSCLC/BM and identify a patient‐reported outcome (PRO) measure fit to capture the most important NSCLC/BM symptoms and impacts.MethodsA targeted literature review was completed; the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN)/Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Brain Symptom Index, 24‐item version (NFBrSI‐24) was identified as a relevant measure that assessed the core symptoms and impacts associated with NSCLC/BM. Qualitative interviews composed of concept elicitation and cognitive debriefing with oncologists (n = 3) and adult patients (n = 16) with NSCLC/BM were conducted to confirm the content validity and evaluate the relevance and appropriateness of the NFBrSI‐24 for this condition.ResultsThe NSCLC/BM symptoms and impacts identified in the literature and reported by oncologists and patients were consistent and captured in the NFBrSI‐24. Study participants reported significant burden associated with the symptoms (commonly fatigue, headache) and impacts of NSCLC/BM. Participants indicated that the NFBrSI‐24 captured their most salient experiences with NSCLC/BM and that symptom improvement or a delay in progression, as measured by the NFBrSI‐24, would be meaningful. During the cognitive debriefing, participants generally indicated that the NFBrSI‐24 was comprehensive and easy to understand/answer and that it assessed symptoms they considered most important to treat.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the NFBrSI‐24 adequately captures an appropriate measure of NSCLC/BM symptoms and impact.
Comparison of eight modern preoperative scoring systems for survival prediction in patients with extremity metastasis
Authors: Lee Tse‐Ying , Chen Yu‐An , Groot Olivier Q. , Yen Hung‐Kuan , Bindels Bas J. J. , Pierik Robert‐Jan , Hsieh Hsiang‐Chieh , Karhade Aditya V. , Tseng Ting‐En , Lai Yi‐Hsiang , Yang Jing‐Jen , Lee Chia‐Che , Hu Ming‐Hsiao , Verlaan Jorrit‐Jan , Schwab Joseph H. , Yang Rong‐Sen , Lin Wei‐Hsin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSurvival is an important factor to consider when clinicians make treatment decisions for patients with skeletal metastasis. Several preoperative scoring systems (PSSs) have been developed to aid in survival prediction. Although we previously validated the Skeletal Oncology Research Group Machine‐learning Algorithm (SORG‐MLA) in Taiwanese patients of Han Chinese descent, the performance of other existing PSSs remains largely unknown outside their respective development cohorts. We aim to determine which PSS performs best in this unique population and provide a direct comparison between these models.MethodsWe retrospectively included 356 patients undergoing surgical treatment for extremity metastasis at a tertiary center in Taiwan to validate and compare eight PSSs. Discrimination (c‐index), decision curve (DCA), calibration (ratio of observed:expected survivors), and overall performance (Brier score) analyses were conducted to evaluate these models’ performance in our cohort.ResultsThe discriminatory ability of all PSSs declined in our Taiwanese cohort compared with their Western validations. SORG‐MLA is the only PSS that still demonstrated excellent discrimination (c‐indexes>0.8) in our patients. SORG‐MLA also brought the most net benefit across a wide range of risk probabilities on DCA with its 3‐month and 12‐month survival predictions.ConclusionsClinicians should consider potential ethnogeographic variations of a PSS's performance when applying it onto their specific patient populations. Further international validation studies are needed to ensure that existing PSSs are generalizable and can be integrated into the shared treatment decision‐making process. As cancer treatment keeps advancing, researchers developing a new prediction model or refining an existing one could potentially improve their algorithm's performance by using data gathered from more recent patients that are reflective of the current state of cancer care.
Public health nurses' assessment of the background factors of familicide
Authors: Ellilä Marianne , Paavilainen Eija , Aho Anna Liisa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe public health nurses' assessment of the background factors of familicide, factors that promote or prevent identification of these factors and familicide‐related education. The researchers sought to provide information that would help public health nurses recognise and prevent family tragedies as well as the development of education. Public health nurses (n = 85) working at clinics in Finland were surveyed using an electronic questionnaire. The quantitative data was described through statistics and open questions were analysed using inductive content analysis. Approximately one‐third (33 per cent) of the nurses considered their ability to identify the background factors of familicide as very poor or poor, and most (87 per cent) felt that they needed additional training. The identification of background factors is hindered by a lack of both resources and multiprofessionalism, fragmentation of care conditions, fear, cultural challenges, and education inadequacies.
Chemical Characterization of Different Extracts from Artemisia annua and Their Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory and Anti‐Inflammatory Properties
Authors: Acquaviva Alessandra , Nilofar  , Bouyahya Abdelhakim , Zengin Gokhan , Di Simone Simonetta Cristina , Recinella Lucia , Leone Sheila , Brunetti Luigi , Uba Abdullahi Ibrahim , Cakilcioğlu Ugur , Polat Rıdvan , Darendelioglu Ekrem , Menghini Luigi , Ferrante Claudio , Libero Maria Loreta , Orlando Giustino , Chiavaroli Annalisa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractArtemisia annua L. (Asteraceae Family) is an important plant in Asia that has been used for treating different diseases, including fever due to malaria, wounds, tubercolisis, scabues, pain, convulsions, diabetes, and inflammation. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of different polarity extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, ethanol/water (70 %) and water) from A. annua against the burden of inflammation and oxidative stress occurring in colon tissue exposed to LPS. In parallel, chemical composition, antiradical, and enzyme inhibition effects against α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, tyrosinase, and cholinesterases were evaluated. The water extract contained the highest content of the total phenolic with 34.59 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract, while the hexane had the highest content of the total flavonoid (20.06 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g extract). In antioxidant assays, the polar extracts (ethanol, ethanol/water and water) exhibited stronger radical scavenging and reducing power abilities when compared to non‐polar extracts. The hexane extract showed the best AChE, tyrosinase and glucosidase inhibitory effects. All extracts revealed effective anti‐inflammatory agents, as demonstrated by the blunting effects on COX‐2 and TNFα gene expression. These effects seemed to be not related to the only phenolic content. However, it is worthy of interest to highlight how the higher potency against LPS‐induced gene expression was shown by the water extract ; thus suggesting a potential phytotherapy application in the management of clinical symptoms related to inflammatory colon diseases, although future in vivo studies are needed to confirm such in vitro and ex vivo observations.
The downstream network of STAT6 in promoting vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch and neointimal formation
Authors: Ding Suling , Wang Xiangfei , Wang Yao , Zhang Zhiwei , Yang Xiyang , Zhu Xiaowei , Zhu Baoling , Xiao Chun , Ge Junbo , Yang Xiangdong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntimal thickening caused by the excessive multiplication of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is the pathological process central to cardiovascular diseases, including restenosis. In response to vascular injury, VSMCs would undergo phenotypic switching from a fully differentiated, low proliferative rate phenotype to a more pro‐proliferative, promigratory, and incompletely‐differentiated state. The lack of a full understanding of the molecular pathways coupling the vascular injury stimuli to VSMCs phenotype switching largely limits the development of medical therapies for treating intima hyperplasia‐related diseases. The role of signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 (STAT6) in modulating the proliferation and differentiation of various cell types, especially macrophage, has been well investigated, but little is known about its pathophysiological role and target genes in restenosis after vascular injury. In the present work, Stat6−/− mice were observed to exhibit less severe intimal hyperplasia compared with Stat6+/+ mice after carotid injury. The expression of STAT6 was upregulated in VSMCs located in the injured vascular walls. STAT6 deletion leads to decreased proliferation and migration of VSMCs while STAT6 overexpression enhances the proliferation and migration of VSMCs companies with reduced expression of VSMCs marker genes and organized stress fibers. The effect of STAT6 in mouse VSMCs was conserved in human aortic SMCs. RNA‐deep‐sequencing and experiments verification revealed LncRNA C7orf69/LOC100996318‐miR‐370‐3p/FOXO1‐ER stress signaling as the downstream network mediating the pro‐dedifferentiation effect of STAT6 in VSMCs. These findings broaden our understanding of vascular pathological molecules and throw a beam of light on the therapy of a variety of proliferative vascular diseases.
Piezochromism and Conductivity Modulations under High Pressure by Manipulating the Viologen Radical Concentration
Authors: Sui Qi , Wang He‐Chong , Zhang Yan‐Yan , Sun Rong , Jin Xin‐Xin , Wang Bing‐Wu , Wang Lin , Gao Song 
Published: June 2023

AbstractManipulating the radical concentration to modulate the properties in solid multifunctional materials is an attractive topic in various frontier fields. Viologens have the unique redox capability to generate radical states through reversible electron transfer (ET) under external stimuli. Herein, taking the viologens as the model, two kinds of crystalline compounds with different molecule‐conjugated systems were designed and synthesized. By subjecting the specific model viologens to pressure, the cross‐conjugated 2‐X all exhibit much higher radical concentrations, along with more sensitive piezochromic behaviors, compared to the linear‐conjugated 1‐X. Unexpectedly, we find that the electrical resistance (R) of 1‐NO3 decreased by three orders of magnitude with the increasing pressure, while that in high‐radical‐concentration 2‐NO3 remained almost unchanged. To date, such unusual invariant conductivity has not been documented in molecular‐based materials under high pressure, breaking the conventional wisdom that the generations of radicals are beneficial to improve conductivity. We highlight that adjusting the molecular conjugation modes can be used as an effective way to regulate the radical concentrations and thus modulate properties rationally.
Cannabis use disorder associated with schizophrenia risk in young men
Authors: Knopf Alison 
Published: June 2023

Young people should be screened for cannabis use disorder, according to a new study, which found that young men with the condition are at elevated risk for schizophrenia. The study analyzed health records data spanning five decades and representing more than 6 million people in Denmark. The researchers found strong evidence of an association between cannabis use disorder and schizophrenia among men and women, though the association was much stronger among young men.
Dust density effects on electron density gradient driven lower hybrid waves in magnetized plasma
Authors: Sagar Himank , Sharma Suresh C. , Gupta Ruby 
Published: June 2023

AbstractElectrostatic lower hybrid waves propagating transverse to the external magnetic field in magnetized dusty plasma are investigated, using the fluid equations and also including the effect of density gradient in plasma. Lower hybrid modes are considered important in laboratory, astrophysical as well as space plasmas in interpreting low frequency noises. Unlike other electrostatic waves, lower hybrid waves can resonantly interact with electrons as well as ions in plasma. The dust and gradient terms lead to novel growth of these waves in dusty plasma. A theoretical model is developed to investigate density gradient effects on lower hybrid waves in plasma comprised of electrons, ions and dust particles. The dependence of plasma components' density, strength of magnetic field, temperature and charge of electrons, ions and dust grains on the frequency and growth rate of electrostatic lower hybrid waves has been investigated and presented graphically. It has been observed that the number density of each plasma components directly affects the growth rate. The electrostatic waves are found to grow along the positive electron gradient and the dust effect depends on the gradient length chosen. Above a certain threshold value of gradient length, the waves are found to stabilize. A correlation of the obtained theoretical results with the experimental observations is also discussed.
Early ontogeny of the lesser sandeel (Ammodytes marinus)
Authors: Perrichon Prescilla , Bjelland Reidun , Durif Caroline M.‐F. , Fiksdal Ingrid Uglenes , Johnsen Espen , Skiftesvik Anne Berit , Cresci Alessandro , Browman Howard I. , Sørhus Elin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundLesser sandeel (Ammodytes marinus) is widely distributed in North Sea ecosystems. Sandeel acts as a critical trophic link between zooplankton and top predators (fish, mammals, sea birds). Because they live buried in the sand, sandeel may be directly affected by the rapid expansion of anthropogenic activities linked to their habitat on the sea bottom (e.g., hydrocarbon extraction, offshore renewable energy, and subsea mining). It is, therefore, important to understand the impact of cumulative environmental and anthropogenic stressors on this species. A detailed description of the ontogenetic timeline and developmental staging for this species is lacking limiting the possibilities for comparative developmental studies assessing, e.g., the impact of various environmental stressors.ResultsA detailed description of the morphological development of lesser sandeel and their developmental trajectory, obtained through visual observations and microscopic techniques, is presented. Methods for gamete stripping and intensive culture of the early life stages are also provided.ConclusionThis work provides a basis for future research to understand the effect of cumulative environmental and anthropogenic stressors on development in the early life stages of lesser sandeel.
Lakeshore residential development as a driver of aquatic habitat and littoral fish communities: A cross‐system study
Authors: Perales K. Martin , Vander Zanden M. Jake 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLakeshore riparian habitats have undergone intensive residential development in many parts of the world. Lakeshore residential development (LRD) is associated with aquatic habitat loss/alteration, including altered macrophyte communities and reduced coarse woody habitat. Yet habitat‐mediated and other generalized effects of LRD on lake biotic communities are not well understood. We used two approaches to examine the relationships among LRD, habitat, and fish community in a set of 57 northern Wisconsin lakes. First, we examined how LRD affected aquatic habitat using mixed linear effects models. Second, we evaluated how LRD affected fish abundance and community structure at both whole‐lake and site‐level spatial scales using generalized linear mixed‐effects models. We found that LRD did not have a significant relationship with the total abundance (all species combined) of fish at either scale. However, there were significant species‐specific responses to LRD at the whole‐lake scale. Species abundances varied across the LRD gradient, with bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and mimic shiners (Notropis volucellus) responding positively along the gradient and walleye (Sander vitreus) having the most negative response. We also quantified site‐level habitat associations for each fish species. We found that habitat associations did not inform a species' overall response to LRD, as illustrated by species with similar responses to LRD having vastly different habitat associations. Finally, even with the inclusion of littoral habitat information in models, LRD still had significant effects on species abundances, reflecting a role of LRD in shaping littoral fish communities independent of our measure of littoral habitat alteration. Our results indicated that LRD altered littoral fish communities at the whole‐lake scale through both habitat and non‐habitat‐mediated drivers.
Increased aridity is associated with stronger tradeoffs in ponderosa pine vital functions
Authors: Gonzalez Angela D. , Pearse Ian S. , Redmond Miranda D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTrees must allocate resources to core functions like growth, defense, and reproduction. These allocation patterns have profound effects on forest health, yet little is known about how core functions trade off over time, and even less is known about how a changing climate will impact tradeoffs. We conducted a 21‐year survey of growth, defense, and reproduction in 80 ponderosa pine individuals spanning eight populations across environmental gradients along the Colorado Front Range, USA. We used linear mixed models to describe tradeoffs among these functions and to characterize variability among and within individuals over time. Growth and defense were lower in years of high cone production, and local drought conditions amplified year‐to‐year tradeoffs between reproduction and growth, where trees located at sites with hotter and drier climates showed stronger tradeoffs between reproduction and growth. Our results support the environmental stress hypothesis of masting, which predicts that greater interannual variation in tree functions will be associated with more marginal environments, such as those that are prone to drought. With warming temperatures and increased exposure to drought stress, trees will be faced with stronger interannual tradeoffs, which could lead to further decreases in growth and defensive efforts, ultimately increasing risks of mortality.
The effects of microcapsules with different protein matrixes on the viability of probiotics during spray drying, gastrointestinal digestion, thermal treatment, and storage
Authors: Zhou Rui , Xu Yifu , Dong Dejun , Hu Jielun , Zhang Lin , Liu Huan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe objective of this research was to encapsulate probiotic bacteria based on the protein matrix and investigate the influences on the survival of probiotic bacteria during spray drying, in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, heating, and storage. A probiotic isolate Bacillus coagulans BC01 was spray dried in whey protein isolate (WPI), soy protein isolate (SPI), camel whey protein isolate, or sodium caseinate. Probiotic microcapsules fabricated using WPI obtained the highest survival during spray drying, NaCl and paraxin challenges and storage, as less cell wall damage occurred during spray drying which could be observed by flow cytometer. However, the highest survivals during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and thermal treatment were found in microcapsules with SPI matrix, which could be attributed to its relatively low solubility in water that prevented probiotics from being released prematurely, thus protecting probiotics from the damage of low pH environment and diminishing the direct contact of cells with external heat shock. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that WPI‐based probiotic microcapsules with less cell wall damage during processing and SPI‐based probiotic microcapsules with relatively low solubility may provide better protection to adverse external environments.
Prognostic role of tissue plasminogen activator in coronary artery disease with or without aortic valve sclerosis
Authors: Lin Bowen , Shen Ying , Zhang Pengfei , Shen Yunli , Gu Yuying , He Xiaoyan , Li Jimin , Yang Ke , Shen Weifeng , Zhang Qi , Xin Yuanfeng , Liu Yehong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsWe sought to investigate the relationship between circulating tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA) level and long‐term outcomes in stable coronary artery disease patients with or without aortic valve sclerosis (AVSc).Methods and resultsSerum levels of t‐PA were determined in 347 consecutive stable angina patients with (n = 183) or without (n = 164) AVSc. Outcomes were prospectively recorded as planned clinic evaluations every 6 months up to 7 years. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death and rehospitalization due to heart failure. The secondary endpoint included all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular death, and rehospitalization due to heart failure. Serum t‐PA was significantly higher in AVSc than in non‐AVSc patients (2131.22 pg/mL vs. 1495.85 pg/mL, P < 0.001). For patients with AVSc, those with t‐PA level above the median (>1840.68 pg/mL) were more likely to meet the primary and secondary endpoints (all P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, serum t‐PA level remained significantly predictive for each endpoint in the Cox proportional hazard models. The prognostic value of t‐PA was good, with an AUC‐ROC of 0.753 (P < 0.001). The combination of t‐PA with traditional risk factors improved the risk reclassification of AVSc patients, with a net reclassification index of 0.857 and an integrated discrimination improvement of 0.217 (all P < 0.001). However, for patients without AVSc, both primary and secondary endpoints were similar, irrespective of t‐PA levels.ConclusionsElevated circulating t‐PA confers an increased risk for poor long‐term clinical outcomes in stable coronary artery disease patients with AVSc.
Porous Organic Salts Composed of Terphenyl Sulfonic Acid and Their Bottleneck Designability
Authors: Akai Ryota , Oka Kouki , Okada Naoki , Ami Takahiro , Tohnai Norimitsu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPorous organic salts (POSs) are constructed through a strong charge‐assisted hydrogen bond between sulfonic and amino groups. The molecular design of sulfonic acid, the linker part, enables various porous structures. In the current work, we synthesized p‐terphenyl‐4,4’’‐disulfonic acid (TPDS), whose molecular structure can be easily modified by organic synthesis. Combining of TPDS and bulky tri‐p‐tolylmethanamine (TPMA‐Me), which has three methyl groups at each para‐position of the phenyl groups of triphenylmethylamine (TPMA), gave POS with one‐dimensional pore channels having two different types of bottlenecks. The central benzene ring of TPDS is exposed on the surface of the pore. Therefore, we combined 4,4′‐(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole‐4,7‐diyl)dibenzenesulfonic acid (BTDBS) containing 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (BT) with TPMA‐Me, and successfully constructed a one‐dimensional pore channel with a bottleneck of 3.5 Å, by exposing BT to the surface of the pore. BTDBS/TPMA‐Me exhibited a large adsorption/desorption hysteresis of nitrogen because of the bottleneck, electronic state of BT, and larger oxygen adsorption than the isostructural TPDS/TPMA‐Me. Systematic and intended modulation of the pore structure of POS based on the modification of sulfonic acid was demonstrated, and for the first time, we established a precise design methodology for a one‐dimensional pore channel with a bottleneck and high crystallinity in metal‐free porous organic materials.