bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Scaling out” evidence-informed antenatal care to support healthy pregnancy weight gain: a context assessment using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research
Authors: Meloncelli Nina , James Sarah , Riggs Kristen , de Jersey Susan 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction and aims:
Excess gestational weight gain is a challenge within antenatal care. Low-intensity interventions that offer opportunities for individualization, such as pregnancy weight-gain charts (PWGCs) combined with brief advice, have been a promising strategy but scaling out such interventions requires planning. The aim of this study was to examine current practices and conduct a context assessment using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to guide implementation of PWGCs and brief intervention advice to support healthy pregnancy weight gain in two hospitals that provide antenatal care.

Methods:
Retrospective chart audits and surveys of staff and women were used to understand current practice as well as barriers and enablers to implementing change according to the domains and constructs reported in the CFIR.

Results:
Forty-eight percent (site A) and 46% (site B) of pregnant women who were audited (n = 180, site A; n = 176, site B) gained weight above recommendations. Most women were unable to accurately report their recommended weight gain for pregnancy (93% site A, 94% site B). Although more than 50% of women reported discussions about weight gain during pregnancy, advice about physical activity and healthy eating (in the context of helping women to achieve healthy gestational weight gain) was low. Mapping barriers and enablers to the CFIR helped guide the selection of implementation strategies, including audit and feedback, informing local opinion leaders, obtaining consensus, identifying champions, and building a coalition.

Conclusion:
Scaling out of interventions can be enhanced by undertaking a detailed context assessment guided by implementation frameworks.
Prediction models for adverse drug reactions during tuberculosis treatment in Brazil
Authors: Ridolfi Felipe , Amorim Gustavo , Peetluk Lauren S. , Haas David W. , Staats Cody , Araújo-Pereira Mariana , Cordeiro-Santos Marcelo , Kritski Afrânio L. , Figueiredo Marina C. , Andrade Bruno B. , Rolla Valeria C. , Sterling Timothy R. ,   Regional Prospective Observational Research in Tuberculosis (RePORT)-Brazil consortium
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundTuberculosis (TB) treatment-related adverse drug reactions (TB-ADR) can negatively affect adherence and treatment success rates.MethodsWe developed two prediction models for TB-ADR. We included drug-susceptible pulmonary TB participants who initiated standard TB therapy. TB-ADR were determined by physician-assigned attributions of causality, and described according to affected organ system, timing, and grade. Potential predictors of TB-ADR included concomitant medication (CM) use, HIV-status, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), age, body mass index (BMI), sex, substance use, and TB drug metabolism variables (e.g.,NAT2acetylator profile). Bootstrapped backwards selection was used to develop the models. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate TB-ADR risk.ResultsThere were 156 TB-ADR among 102 (11%) of the 945 participants included. Most TB-ADR were hepatic (n=82;53%), grade 2 (n=121;78%), and occurred inNAT2slow acetylators (n=62;61%). The main prediction model included CM use, HbA1c, alcohol-use, HIV-infection, BMI, and age. The alternative model included the same variables, except replaced BMI withNAT2. Both models had good performance and fit. CM use and HIV-infection increased TB-ADR risk.ConclusionsThe model with only clinical variables and that withNAT2were highly predictive of TB-ADR. TheNAT2model provides rationale to evaluate isoniazid dose adjustment and ADR risk.
Co-existence of negative and positive associations between cognition and intergenerational psychiatric symptoms reveal necessity of socioeconomic and clinical enrichment
Authors: Pines Adam , Tozzi Leonardo , Bertrand Claire , Keller Arielle S. , Zhang Xue , Whitfield-Gabrieli Susan , Hastie Trevor , Larsen Bart , Leikauf John , Williams Leanne M. 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundMental illnesses are a leading cause of disability globally. Across 17 psychiatric disorders, functional disability is often in part caused by cognitive impairments. However, cognitive heterogeneity in mental health is poorly understood, particularly in children.MethodsWe used generalized additive models (GAMs) to reconcile discrepant reports of cognitive impairment across classes of psychiatric symptoms in 4,782 children and their parents. Specifically, we derive relationships between cognition and psychopathology across different ranges and classes of symptom burdens. We additionally evaluate generalizability across sex-assigned-at-birth (SAAB) and federal poverty status. Finally, we incorporate a measure of scholastic performance as a real-world measure of functional ability. Associations were tested at the 99% confidence level.ResultsWe demonstrate that the previously-reported, weak, negative, and linear relationship between general cognition and general psychopathology consists of several stronger but opposed relationships. Externalizing symptoms are negatively associated with cognition, but internalizing symptoms are positively associated with cognition at low symptom burdens. This phenomenon holds across parental and child symptoms. Finally, we provide evidence that, compared to laboratory measures of cognition, school grades are more accurate and generalizable indicators of psychopathological burden in children.DiscussionThe most common approach to quantifying the relationship between cognition and psychopathology systematically underestimates the strength and complexity of this relationship. Grades may represent a more accurate and generalizable marker of mental illness. Developmental studies incorporating clinical enrichment, parental mental health, and socioeconomically diverse samples may provide deeper and more generalizable insight into neurocognitive impairment and psychopathology.
A mathematical model for velocity-selective arterial spin labeling
Authors: Liu Thomas T. , Wong Eric C. , Bolar Divya S. , Chen Conan , Barnes Ryan A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeTo present a theoretical framework that rigorously defines and analyzes key concepts and quantities for velocity selective arterial spin labeling (VSASL).Theory and MethodsAn expression for the VSASL arterial delivery function is derived based on (1) labeling and saturation profiles as a function of velocity and (2) physiologically plausible approximations of changes in acceleration and velocity across the vascular system. The dependence of labeling efficiency on the amplitude and effective bolus width of the arterial delivery function is defined. Factors that affect the effective bolus width are examined, and timing requirements to minimize quantitation errors are derived.ResultsThe model predicts that a flow-dependent negative bias in the effective bolus width can occur when velocity selective inversion (VSI) is used for the labeling module and velocity selective saturation (VSS) is used for the vascular crushing module. The bias can be minimized by choosing a nominal labeling cutoff velocity that is lower than the nominal cutoff velocity of the vascular crushing module.ConclusionThe elements of the model are specified in a general fashion such that future advances can be readily integrated. The model can facilitate further efforts to understand and characterize the performance of VSASL and provide critical theoretical insights that can be used to design future experiments and develop novel VSASL approaches.
Health factors associated with development and severity of post-stroke dysphagia: an epidemiological investigation
Authors: Krekeler Brittany N , Schieve Heidi J P , Khoury Jane , Ding Lili , Haverbusch Mary , Alwell Kathleen , Adeoye Opeolu , Ferioloi Simona , Mackey Jason , Woo Daniel , Flaherty Matthew , De Los Rios La Rosa Felipe , Demel Stacie , Star Michael , Coleman Elisheva , Walsh Kyle , Slavin Sabreena , Jasne Adam , Mistry Eva , Kleindorfer Dawn , Kissela Brett 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeDysphagia is a common post-stroke occurrence and has been shown to impact patients’ morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to use a large population-based dataset to determine specific epidemiological and patient health risk factors that impact development and severity of dysphagia after acute stroke.MethodsUsing data from the Greater Cincinnati Northern Kentucky Stroke Study, GCNKSS, involving a representative sample of approximately 1.3 million people from Southwest Ohio and Northern Kentucky of adults (age ≥18), ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke cases from 2010 and 2015 were identified via chart review. Dysphagia status was determined based on bedside and clinical assessments, and severity by necessity for alternative access to nutrition via nasogastric (NG) or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement. Comparisons between patients with and without dysphagia were made to determine differences in baseline characteristics and pre-morbid conditions. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with increased risk of developing dysphagia.ResultsDysphagia status was ascertained from 4139 cases (1709 with dysphagia). Logistic regression showed: increased age, Black race, higher NIHSS score at admission, having a hemorrhagic stroke (vs infarct), and right hemispheric stroke increased risk of developing dysphagia after stroke. Factors associated with reduced risk included history of high cholesterol, lower pre-stroke mRS score, and white matter disease.ConclusionsThis study replicated many previous findings of variables associated with dysphagia (older age, worse stroke, right sided hemorrhagic lesions), while other variables identified were without clear biological rationale (e.g. Black race, history of high cholesterol and presence of white matter disease). These factors should be investigated in future, prospective studies to determine biological relevance and potential influence in stroke recovery.
Individual differences in wellbeing are supported by separable sets of co-active self- and visual-attention-related brain networks
Authors: Ma Yumeng , Skipper Jeremy I 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHow does the brain support ‘wellbeing’? Because it is a multidimensional construct, it is likely the product of multiple co-active brain networks that vary across individuals. This is perhaps why prior neuroimaging studies have found inconsistent anatomical associations with wellbeing. Furthermore, these used ‘laboratory-style’ or ‘resting-state’ methods not amenable to finding manifold networks. To address these issues, we had participants watch a full-length romantic comedy-drama film during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We hypothesised that individual differences in wellbeing measured before scanning would be correlated with individual differences in brain networks associated with ‘embodied’ and ‘narrative’ self-related processing. Indeed, searchlight spatial inter-participant representational similarity and subsequent analyses revealed seven sets of co-activated networks associated with individual differences in wellbeing. Two were ‘embodied self’ related, including brain regions associated with autonomic and affective processing. Three sets were ‘narrative self’ related, involving speech, language, and autobiographical memory-related regions. Finally, two sets of visual-attention-related networks emerged. These results suggest that the neurobiology of wellbeing in the real world is supported by diverse but functionally definable and separable sets of networks. This has implications for psychotherapy where individualised interventions might target, e.g., neuroplasticity in language-related narrative over embodied self or visual-attentional related processes.
SSVEPs reveal dynamic (re-)allocation of spatial attention during maintenance and utilization of visual working memory
Authors: Chota Samson , Bruat Arnaud , Van der Stigchel Stefan , Strauch Christoph 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVisual Working Memory (VWM) allows us to temporarily store goal-relevant information to guide future behavior. Prior work has established that VWM and spatial attention are intrinsically connected – even if location is irrelevant for responses: behavioral and neural correlates of attention show spatial biases, specific to the location at which memory items were encoded. This suggests that VWM is spatially organized and that maintaining information might rely on the allocation of spatial attention towards the location of memory items. Importantly, attention often needs to be dynamically redistributed between several locations, e.g. in preparation for an upcoming probe. Very little is known about how attentional resources are distributed between multiple locations during a VWM task and even less about the dynamic changes governing such attentional shifts over time. This is largely due to the inability to use behavioral outcomes to reveal fast dynamic changes within trials.We here demonstrate EEG Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEPs) to successfully track the dynamic allocation of spatial attention during a VWM task. Participants were presented with to-be-memorized gratings and distractors at two distinct locations. During maintenance and retrieval, each location was tagged with a disk flickering at either 10 or 13 Hz. This allowed us to dynamically track attention allocated to memory and distractor items via their coupling with space by quantifying the amplitude and coherence of SSVEP responses in the EEG signal to flickering stimuli at the former memory and distractor locations.SSVEP responses at memory locations did not differ from distractor locations during early parts of the maintenance window. However, shortly before probe comparison, we observed a decrease in SSVEP coherence over distractor locations indicative of a reallocation of spatial attentional resources. Reaction times were shorter when preceded by stronger decreases in SSVEP coherence at distractor locations, reflecting the reallocation of attention from the distractor location to the memory location or towards the distinct upcoming probe location.Broader SignificanceWe demonstrate that SSVEPs can inform about dynamic processes in VWM, even if location does not have to be reported by participants. This finding not only supports the notion of a spatially organized VWM, but also reveals that SSVEPs betray a dynamic prioritization process of working memory items and locations over time that is directly predictive of memory performance.
Sex- versus apomictic-specific polymorphisms in the 5’UTR of APOLLO fromBoecherashift gene expression from somatic to reproductive tissues inArabidopsis
Authors: Honari Maryam , Ashnest Joanne R. , Sharbel Timothy F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAmong candidate genes underlying the control components of apomixis, APOLLO is known for its strong linkage to apomeiosis in the genusBoechera. The gene has “apo-alleles”, which are characterized by a set of linked apomixis-specific polymorphisms, and “sex-alleles”. All apomictic□Boecheragenotypes are heterozygous for the apo/sex-alleles, while all sexual genotypes are homozygous for sex-alleles. In this study, native and synthetic APOLLO promoters were characterized by detecting the expression level of the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene inArabidopsis. Comparing various flower developmental stages in transgenic lines containing different constructs with 2 kb native transgenic lines revealed that changes to the APOLLO promoter causes shifts in tissue- and developmental-stage specificity of GUS expression. Importantly, several apomixis-specific polymorphisms in the 5’UTR change the timing and location of GUS activity from somatic to reproductive tissues. These synthetic data simulate a plausible evolutionary process whereby apomixis-specific gene activity can be achieved.
A distinct class of hematopoietic stem cells develop from the human yellow bone marrow
Authors: Nguyen Tammy T. , Loureiro Zinger Yang , Desai Anand , DeSouza Tiffany , Joyce Shannon , Khair Lyne , Samant Amruta , Cirka Haley , Solivan-Rivera Javier , Ziegler Rachel , Brehm Michael , Messina Louis M. , Corvera Silvia 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTAging and metabolic diseases are accompanied by systemic inflammation, but the mechanisms that induce this state are not known. We developed a human bone-marrow organoid system to explore mechanisms underlying metabolic-disease associated systemic inflammation. We find that a distinct type of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) develops in the adipose-rich, yellow bone marrow, which is known to gradually replace the hematopoietic red marrow as we age and during metabolic disease. Unlike HSCs derived from the red bone marrow, HSCs derived from the yellow bone marrow have higher proliferation rates, increase myeloid differentiation, skew towards pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage differentiation, and express a distinct transcriptomic profile associated with responsiveness to wounding. Yellow marrow-derived HSCs express higher levels of the leptin receptor, which we find to be further increased in patients with type 2 diabetes. Our work demonstrates that the human long bone yellow marrow is a niche for a distinct class of HSCs which could underlie hematopoietic dysfunction during aging and metabolic disease processes suggesting a shared inflammaging mechanism.
Costs of resistance limit the effectiveness of cooperation enforcement
Authors: Miller M.E. , Sidell S. , Ostrowski E.A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCooperative groups are susceptible to invasion by cheaters that reap the benefits but fail to pay the costs. Both theory and experimental work have shown that cheating can select for counter-adaptations to resist cheating. But then why is cheating so common? One key hypothesis is that trade-offs prevent resistors from taking over, but evidence to support the trade-off model is lacking. Here we evolved resistance to different cheaters and tested for trade-offs. Improvements against one cheater frequently entailed correlated improvements against novel cheaters. However, direct responses to selection were typically stronger than correlated responses to selection, resulting in a pattern of local adaptation of resistance. Control populations, evolved in the absence of a cheater, showed improvements in spore germination, whereas cheater-evolved populations did not, suggesting that the evolution of resistance retards or prevents other fitness improvements. Taken together, our findings suggest that, although cheater resistance can evolve rapidly, it may also involve subtle trade-offs that can help to explain the maintenance of polymorphism in cheating and resistance in nature.
Unanticipated interacting features of human gut-associated lymphoid tissues link microbiota, intestinal immunity and autoimmunity
Authors: Montorsi Lucia , Pitcher Michael J. , Zhao Yuan , Demonti Alicia , Tull Thomas J. , Dionisi Chiara , Dhami Pawan , Ellis Richard J. , Bishop Cynthia , Sanderson Jeremy , Jain Sahil , D’Cruz David , Gibbons Deena , Winkler Thomas H , Bemark Mats , Ciccarelli Francesca D. , Spencer Jo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is organised lymphoid tissue that is chronically activated by the intestinal microbiota. It generates the IgA response that is critical for intestinal homeostasis. By iterative application of multiplexed technologies, we identify enrichment of double-negative 2 (DN2:CD27-IgD-CD21loCD11chi) B cells in GALT, where they comprise the majority of intraepithelial and subepithelial B cells. We show that DN2 B cells in GALT interact with DC in the sub-epithelial dome that expressDNASE1L3and microbicides. Unlike in mice,DNASE1L3in humans does not associate with apoptotic debris, but is located between sampled bacteria and host tissue where it is co-expressed withC1Q, consistent with management of bacterial debris. Thus we demonstrate that DN2 B cells that are otherwise associated with lupus nephritis, and DNASE1L3 and C1q that are lupus autoantigens, are microbiota-associated, interacting components of normal intestinal immunity.
High-speed 3D DNA PAINT and unsupervised clustering for unlocking 3D DNA origami cryptography
Authors: Wisna Gde Bimananda Mahardika , Sukhareva Daria , Zhao Jonathan , Satyabola Deeksha , Matthies Michael , Roy Subhajit , Wang Chao , Šulc Petr , Yan Hao , Hariadi Rizal F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDNA origami information storage is a promising alternative to silicon-based data storage, offering a secure molecular cryptography technique that conceals information within arbitrarily folded DNA origami nanostructures. Routing, sliding, and interlacing staple strands lead to the creation of a large 700-bit key size. The realization of practical DNA data storage requires high information density, robust security, and accurate and rapid information retrieval. To meet these requirements, advanced readout techniques and large encryption key sizes are essential. In this study, we report an enhanced DNA origami cryptography protocol to encrypt information in 2D and 3D DNA origami structures, increasing the number of possible scaffold routings and increasing the encryption key size. We employed all-DNA-based steganography with fast readout through high-speed 2D and 3D DNA-PAINT super-resolution imaging, which enables higher information density. By combining 2D and 3D DNA-PAINT data with unsupervised clustering, we achieved accuracy up to 89% and high ratios of correct-to-wrong readout despite the significant flexibility in the 3D DNA origami structure shown by oxDNA simulation. Furthermore, we propose design criteria that ensure complete information retrieval for the DNA origami cryptography protocol. Our findings demonstrate that DNA-based cryptography is a highly secure and versatile solution for transmitting and storing information, making it an attractive choice for the post-silicon era.
Using metabolic data to uncover the ontogeny of endothermy in an altricial bird
Authors: Engert Elana Rae , Andreasson Fredrik , Nord Andreas , Nilsson Jan-Åke 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAltricial songbirds transform themselves from naked poikilotherms to fully-feathered endothermic homeotherms over a matter of weeks from hatching to fledging. The timing of development of endothermy has been studied in altricial birds for over half a century. However, the potential determinants, constraints, and flexibility of the onset of endothermy are not yet fully understood. We experimentally investigated whether brood size influences the ontogeny of endothermic heat production in 4-8 day-old nestling blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) in southern Sweden. We found that both nestlings’ capacity to produce heat and the proportion of nestlings exhibiting a metabolic response to a cooling challenge (15 °C for 15 min) increased with age. However, we did not find an effect of brood size on the ontogeny of endothermy and this may be explained by the lack of differences in body mass of nestlings in enlarged and reduced broods in our study. The metabolic response in all age groups was brief and not sufficient to sustain a stable body temperature. Our study shows that the development and use of endothermy is present at an early age in nestling blue tits, but further study is needed to disentangle the factors contributing to individual variation in the timing of these developments. This will serve to improve our understanding of a developmental milestone of cold tolerance in birds in the temperate zone that not only face warmer average temperatures, but also increasingly frequent cold snaps and extreme weather.Summary StatementThis study serves to improve our understanding of the ontogeny of endothermy in altricial birds while examining the potential role of brood size in the timing thereof.