bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal genes identification of giant cell arteritis in CD4+ Memory t cells: an integration of multi-omics and expression quantitative trait locus analysis
Authors: Yu Qiyi , Wu Yifan , Ma Xianda , Zhang Yidong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a prevalent artery and is strongly correlated with age. The role of CD4+ Memory T cells in giant cell arteritis has not been elucidated.

Method
Through single-cell analysis, we focused on the CD4+ Memory T cells in giant cell arteritis. eQTL analysis and mendelian randomization analysis identified the significant genes which have a causal effect on giant cell arteritis risk. CD4+ Memory T cells were subsequently divided into gene-positive and gene-negative groups, then further single-cell analysis was conducted. Mendelian randomization of plasma proteins, blood-urine biomarkers and metabolites were also performed. Eventually, the PMA induced Jurkat cell lines were used for biological experiments to explore the specific functions of significant causal genes in CD4+ Memory T cells.

Results
Similarity of CD4+ Memory T cells in GCA and old samples were explored. DDIT4 and ARHGAP15 were identified as significant risk genes via mendelian randomization. The CD4+ Memory T cells were then divided into DDIT4 ± or ARHGAP15 ± groups, and further single-cell analysis indicated the differences in aspects involving intercellular communication, functional pathways, protein activity, metabolism and drug sensitivity between positive and negative groups. In vitro experiments, including overexpression and knockdown, demonstrated that DDIT4 leading to a chronic, low-intensity inflammatory state in CD4+ Memory T cells, eventually promoting the development of GCA.

Conclusion
DDIT4 and ARHGAP15 have significant causal effects on giant cell arteritis risk. Specifically, DDIT4 exhibit pro-inflammatory effects on GCA via promotes chronic, low-intensity inflammatory in CD4+ Memory T cell.
Fine mapping of the Chilli veinal mottle virus resistance 4 (cvr4) gene in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Lee Joung-Ho , Kim Jung-Min , Kwon Jin-Kyung , Kang Byoung-Cheorl 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Key message
The single recessive Chilli veinal mottle virus resistance locus, cvr4, was fine-mapped in pepper through bulked segregant RNA sequencing combined with gene silencing analysis.

Abstract
Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) is a widespread pathogen affecting the production of peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) in Asia and Africa. Few loci conferring resistance to ChiVMV have been identified, severely limiting the development of resistant cultivars. To identify ChiVMV resistance genes, we constructed an F2:3 segregating population derived from a cross between the ChiVMV-resistant cultivar ‘CV9’ and the susceptible cultivar ‘Jeju’. The inheritance study of F2:3 populations showed a 1:3 ratio of resistant to susceptible individuals, demonstrating the existence of a single recessive ChiVMV resistance gene in CV9; we named this gene cvr4. To map the cvr4 locus, we employed bulked segregant analysis by RNA sequencing (BSR-seq) of pools from resistant and susceptible F2:3 individuals. We mapped cvr4 to the telomeric region of pepper chromosome 11. To narrow down the cvr4 locus, we developed additional molecular markers in the cvr4 target region, leading to a 2-Mb region of chromosome 11 showing complete co-segregation with the ChiVMV resistance phenotype. Using the polymorphisms identified during BSR-seq, we defined a list of 15 candidate genes for cvr4, which we tested through virus-induced gene silencing analysis for ChiVMV resistance. Of these, the silencing of several genes (DEM.v1.00021323, DEM.v1.00021336, and DEM.v1.00021337) restricted virus spread. Although DEM.v1.00021323 transcript levels were similar between the resistant and susceptible bulks, its alternative spliced isoforms differed in abundance, suggesting that the splicing variants of DEM.v1.00021323 might affect viral infection. These findings may facilitate the breeding of ChiVMV-resistant cultivars in pepper.
A cyclical fast iterative method for simulating reentries in cardiac electrophysiology using an eikonal-based model
Authors: Barrios Espinosa Cristian , Sánchez Jorge , Appel Stephanie , Becker Silvia , Krauß Jonathan , Martínez Díaz Patricia , Unger Laura , Houillon Marie , Loewe Axel 
Published: January 2025

AbstractComputer models for simulating cardiac electrophysiology are valuable tools for research and clinical applications. Traditional reaction–diffusion (RD) models used for these purposes are computationally expensive. While eikonal models offer a faster alternative, they are not well-suited to study cardiac arrhythmias driven by reentrant activity. The present work extends the diffusion–reaction eikonal alternant model (DREAM), incorporating conduction velocity (CV) restitution for simulating complex cardiac arrhythmias. The DREAM modifies the fast iterative method to model cyclical behavior, dynamic boundary conditions, and frequency-dependent anisotropic CV. Additionally, the model alternates with an approximated RD model, using a detailed ionic model for the reaction term and a triple-Gaussian to approximate the diffusion term. The DREAM and monodomain models were compared, simulating reentries in 2D manifolds with different resolutions. The DREAM produced similar results across all resolutions, while experiments with the monodomain model failed at lower resolutions. CV restitution curves obtained using the DREAM closely approximated those produced by the monodomain simulations. Reentry in 2D sheets yielded similar results in vulnerable window and mean reentry duration for low CV in both models. In the left atrium, most inducing points identified by the DREAM were also present in the high-resolution monodomain model. DREAM’s reentry simulations on meshes with an average edge length of $$1600\,\upmu \hbox {m}$$

1600

μ
m

were 87x faster than monodomain simulations at $$200\,\upmu \hbox {m}$$

200

μ
m

. This work establishes the mathematical foundation for using the accelerated DREAM simulation method for cardiac electrophysiology. Cardiac research applications are enabled by a publicly available implementation in the openCARP simulator.
Robotic-assistance is associated with better joint outcomes compared to conventional techniques in surgically routine total hip arthroplasty: a propensity-matched large database study of 3948 patients
Authors: Shah Aakash K. , Lavu Monish S. , Burkhart Robert J. , Hecht Christian J. , Blackburn Collin , Romeo Nicholas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Introduction
The outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA) are highly dependent upon the restoration of native hip biomechanics and optimal component positioning. Robotic technologies for THA have rapidly improved the accuracy of component positioning and maintaining the planned center of rotation. While robotic-assisted THA (RA-THA) has primarily been employed in surgically intricate cases, its potential benefits in scenarios of diminished surgical complexity remain less explored. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the odds of developing systemic and joint complications following RA-THA in cases of reduced surgical complexity.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX national database to identify patients who underwent primary THA (Current Procedural Terminology code 27,130) and more specifically RA-THA identified by ICD-10-PCS code 8E0Y0CZ and Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System code S2900 from 2013 to 2022. One-to-one propensity score matching was conducted to generate 2 cohorts: (1) RA-THA and (2) conventional THA (C-THA). Systemic and joint complications were assessed at the 30-day, 90-day, 1-year, and 5-year postoperative periods.

Results
Patients undergoing RA-THA had a lower risk of needing a revision THA at the 90-day, 1-year, and 5-year time points. RA-THA was associated with a lower risk of prosthetic dislocation at 90 days and 1 year and prosthetic pain at 1 year and 5 years. Dislocation of the hip or fracture of the femur was significantly lower in the RA-THA cohort at all four-time points. Patients undergoing RA-THA had a lower risk of developing deep vein thrombosis at 5 years.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that RA-THA has comparable systemic and less joint complication risks at 30-day to 5-year timepoints between RA-THA and C-THA. Future studies with large sample sizes and long-term follow-up are needed to understand the patient-reported outcomes and functional outcomes of RA-THA for cases with reduced surgical complexity.
Considering the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists in women with obesity prior to pregnancy: a narrative review
Authors: Price Sarah A. L. , Nankervis Alison 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose
Metabolic disease, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, are amongst the most significant health issues facing women of reproductive age. To date, no antenatal weight management tools have reduced the risk of adverse health outcomes for women with obesity and their offspring, resulting in a shift in focus to the pre-conception period. Although not yet recognised in most international weight management guidelines, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are being increasingly used for weight management prior to conception.

Methods
A literature search of PubMed, Medline, and Embase databases identified relevant articles describing the use of GLP-1 RAs prior to and during pregnancy. Papers were selected based on relevance and originality, with clinical trials, large observational studies and meta-analyses being preferentially included.

Results
This narrative review summarises the mechanism of action of GLP-1 RAs and the clinical effects observed in non-pregnant adults. It synthesises the available data from human and animal studies regarding the safety and efficacy of GLP-1 RAs prior to pregnancy, and the consequences of inadvertent drug exposure in early pregnancy. In considering the need to balance the risks of metabolic disease with the risks posed by inadvertent drug exposure, it highlights the areas where further research is needed to guide clinical decision-making.

Conclusion
GLP-1 RAs may have a role in facilitating weight loss and improving the metabolic health of women prior to pregnancy. However, there is currently insufficient evidence to demonstrate that the use of this class of drugs prior to pregnancy improves pregnancy outcomes.
Factors influencing medical students’ interest in obstetrics and gynecology: a longitudinal study on career preferences
Authors: Duhm Lina , Wittek Agnes , Walter Adeline , Plöger Ruben , Haverkamp Nicolas , Marinova Milka , Strizek Brigitte , Recker Florian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Introduction
Choosing a medical specialty is a pivotal moment in a physician’s career, shaped by personal interests, clinical experiences, and professional interactions. Obstetrics and gynecology (OB-GYN) offers a unique blend of surgical and medical care focused on women’s health. Given the growing demand for OB-GYN specialists, understanding the factors that influence students’ decisions is essential for workforce planning. This study compares the factors influencing first-year and final-year medical students at the University of Bonn in their decision to pursue OB-GYN.

Methods
A total of 325 medical students participated in this longitudinal study, with 112 first-year and 213 final-year students completing digital surveys. The surveys assessed interest in OB-GYN, the importance of work-life balance, night shifts, future income, and the option for outpatient care. Statistical analyses, including Chi-square and McNemar’s tests, were used to identify significant changes in perceptions between the two groups.

Results
Interest in pursuing OB-GYN declined from 60% among first-year students to 32% among final-year students (p < 0.001). The number of students concerned about night shifts increased from 48% in the first year to 76% in the final year (p < 0.001). Work-life balance was a critical factor for 97% of final-year students compared to 80% of first-year students (p < 0.01). The potential for outpatient care grew in importance, with 90% of final-year students prioritizing it in their specialty decision (p < 0.001).

Discussion
The findings show that clinical exposure, lifestyle considerations, and mentorship significantly impact students’ interest in OB-GYN. Notably, interest in the specialty declined sharply from 60 to 32%, underscoring the importance of addressing key deterrents such as concerns about work-life balance. These challenges suggest that educational reforms should focus on creating flexible career paths and enhancing mentorship opportunities to attract and retain OB-GYN specialists. By tackling students’ concerns about lifestyle and offering adaptable career options, the specialty can sustain interest and ensure a sufficient future workforce to meet women’s healthcare needs.
Implementing proximity care for people with multiple sclerosis in Italy: the bottom-up approach of the StayHome project
Authors: Filippi M. , Gallo P. , Gasperini C. , Marfia G. A. , Avolio C. , Bergamaschi R. , Capobianco M. , Dotta M. , Grimaldi L. , Lus G. , Patti F. , Pucci E. , Quatrale R. , Solla P. , Bandiera P. , Angioletti C. , Gallottini M. C. , Parretti S. , Pinto L. , Pavone F. , Sanzone S. ,   the StayHome Project Working Group
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
In Italy, around 137,000 people live with multiple sclerosis, facing organizational complexities due to the current model’s limited focus on proximity care. This project aims to define a proximity model, in accordance with recent developments in the Italian healthcare landscape, engaging over 150 healthcare stakeholders and potentially impacting approximately 14,000 patients.

Methods
An analysis was pursued to map the multiple sclerosis pathway, followed by interviews to capture the actual implementation in Italian Multiple Sclerosis Centers. Through the experts’ insights, an optimal proximity care pathway and a Maturity Model framework were defined. This model was piloted in 14 centers, and a preliminary pre-post analysis was performed to evaluate initial improvements. Finally, a two-round Delphi method validated the Maturity Model dimensions and a set of key performance indicators. A scientific board including neurologists, patient associations and scientific associations, supervised project progresses and methodologies.

Results
The Pilot study results show an overall increase in the centers’ positioning within the Maturity Model levels after adopting center-specific action plans. To generalize the model, the Delphi panel validated a subset of process, volume, outcome and patient experience indicators (9 of 26 proposed) along with qualitative dimensions defining the Maturity Model (13 of 20 proposed), therefore, outlining a comprehensive monitoring framework for the multiple sclerosis patient pathway.

Conclusion
This study shows, for the first time in Italy, the efficacy of a bottom-up approach in addressing organizational challenges within the current multiple sclerosis scenario. This integrated model offers future opportunity for replication across various care pathways and settings.
Factors behind poor cognitive outcome following a thalamic stroke
Authors: Vidal Julie P. C. , Danet Lola , Arribarat Germain , Pariente Jérémie , Péran Patrice , Albucher Jean-François , Barbeau Emmanuel J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Thalamic strokes produce neurological, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms depending on the thalamic nuclei involved. While traditionally associated with severe cognitive deficits, recent studies suggest more modest impairments. This study aims to identify the factors that influence the severity of cognitive impairment following thalamic stroke.

Methods
We recruited 40 patients (mean age 51.1) with chronic isolated thalamic stroke and 45 healthy subjects (mean age 48.5) who underwent neuroimaging and neuropsychological assessment. Cluster and principal component analyses were used to discriminate patients from healthy subjects based on cognitive tasks. Disconnectome maps and cortical thickness were analyzed to understand the distant impact of thalamic strokes.

Results
Two cognitive profiles emerged from the cluster analysis. Cluster 1 included mostly healthy subjects (n = 43) and patients with no or minor deficits (n = 20). Cluster 2 included patients (n = 19) and two healthy subjects with severe deficits in verbal memory, executive functions, and attention. Cluster 1 encompassed all patients with right thalamic stroke, while Cluster 2 included all patients with bilateral stroke or mammillothalamic tract interruption. Patients with left-sided stroke were equally divided between clusters. Significant differences between clusters included age, education, interthalamic adhesion disruption, lesion volume, and location. Patients with left-sided stroke in Cluster 2 had more lateral thalamic lesions and greater disruption of the anterior thalamic projection.

Conclusions
Contrary to common expectations, our findings suggest that many patients with thalamic stroke have relatively good cognitive outcomes. In contrast, we identified the factors behind poor outcomes that will help clinicians.
An intron-split microRNA mediates cleavage of the mRNA encoded by low phosphate root in Solanaceae
Authors: Medina-Calzada Zahara , Jing Runchun , Moxon Simon , Zhu Hong , Xu Ping , Dalmay Tamas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Main conclusion
A microRNA with a non-canonical precursor structure harbours an intron in between its miRNA-5p and miRNA-3p relevant for its biogenesis, is conserved across Solanaceae, and targets the mRNA of low phosphate root.

Abstract
Hundreds of miRNAs have been identified in plants and great advances have been accomplished in the understanding of plant miRNA biogenesis, mechanisms and functions. Still, many miRNAs, particularly those with less conventional features, remain to be discovered. Likewise, additional layers of regulation from miRNA generation to action and turnover are still being revealed. The current study describes a microRNA not previously identified given its unusual intron-split stem-loop structure, that has been previously observed only within the monocot-specific miRNA444 family. It shows its conservation across a branch of Solanales including agriculturally relevant Solanaceae family, where its transcripts had already been predicted in several species within sequence databases. The miRNA is absent in Arabidopsis thaliana but present in Solanum lycopersicum, Nicotiana benthamiana, Petunia axillaris, and Ipomoea nil. It proves that at least two different pri-miRNA variants are produced from this miRNA gene, one spliced and the other one retaining the intron. It demonstrates the dual function of its intron in the miRNA biogenesis. On the one hand, its presence in the pri-miRNA positively influences mature miRNA accumulation, but on the other hand, it needs to be removed from the pri-miRNA for efficient mature miRNA production. Finally, it sets low phosphate root as one of its targets, a protein known to be involved in root growth regulation under phosphate starvation in other plant species.
Influence of amorphous content in recycled fly ash on binder hydration characteristics
Authors: Yu Yuguo , Gunasekara Chamila , Elakneswaran Yogarajah , Robert Dilan , Law David W. , Setunge Sujeeva 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGreening of the construction sector has witnessed the widespread practice of recycling fly ash into building materials for decades. The control of ash waste quality is an important aspect for its viability as a supplementary cementitious material, where the detailed physical and chemical characteristics play crucial roles. To better facilitate informed greener design, a novel method is leveraged to study particularly the influence of amorphous content in fly ash on binder hydration. In this study, a coupled kinetic-thermodynamic approach is implemented to realise comprehensive hydration assessment. The adopted kinetics-based model is developed following unified theory to quantify the hydration/reaction degrees for cement and fly ash. Such kinetic information is further utilised in thermodynamic analysis, powered by Gibbs energy minimisation method, to evaluate the time-dependent phase assemblage of cementitious system upon continuous hydration. The applied technique is carefully verified against a series of reported tests, before further exploited to conduct numerical explorations. Computational findings highlight the influence of amorphous content in fly ash on the chemo-physical–mechanical properties of concrete products, providing insights for future sustainable construction material design.
Tracing the movement of invasive tilapia fishes during a new invasion to inform catchment scale management strategies
Authors: O’Mara Kaitlyn , Stewart-Koster Ben , Marshall Jonathan , Venarsky Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Dispersal behaviour of fish expanding their range is an important component of invasion success and can evolve along dispersal pathways. Understanding the movement biology of invasive species during the spread phase of a new invasion is important for developing targeted management strategies. This study determined the extent and movement patterns of two tilapia species, Oreochromis mossambicus and Pelmatolapia mariae, in the Mitchell River catchment, northern Australia, during the spread phase of the invasion. Tilapia were only found in three locations within one sub-catchment of the Mitchell River. Strontium isotopes of tilapia otoliths revealed different movement patterns among these three locations, with active dispersal to one of the locations from both other locations. Movements made by P. mariae mostly occurred within the first two years of life. These movement patterns demonstrate active habitat seeking behaviour, mostly by juveniles, that lead to the successful establishment of tilapia at new locations within a catchment following introduction. The movement patterns revealed in this study were used to recommend priority management actions to limit the risk of tilapia spreading to vulnerable floodplain habitats and other river systems in the Gulf of Carpentaria. These include monitoring within the sub-catchment containing established tilapia and control measures applied to the established local populations to limit population growth, limiting the risk of downstream spread by reducing dispersal probability.