bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broad host‐range pathogens as bioherbicides: managing nontarget plant disease risk
Authors: Bourdôt Graeme W , Casonato Seona G 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPlant pathogens with a broad host range are commercially more attractive as microbial bioherbicides than strictly host‐specific pathogens as a result of the wider market potential of a product capable of controlling multiple species. However, the perceived spatiotemporal disease risk to nontarget plants is a barrier to their adoption for weed control. We consider two approaches to managing this risk. First, we consider safety zones and withholding periods for bioherbicide treatment sites. These must ensure inoculum spreading from, or surviving at the site, exposes nontarget plants to no more inoculum than from natural sources. They can be determined using simple dispersal models. We show that a ratio of added:natural inoculum of 1.0 is biologically reasonable as an ‘acceptable risk’ and a sound basis for safety zones and withholding periods. These would be analogous to the ‘conditions of use’ for synthetic chemical herbicides aimed at minimizing collateral damage to susceptible plants from spray drift and persistent soil residues. Second, weed‐specific isolates of broad host‐range pathogens may avoid the need for safety zones and withholding periods. Such isolates have been found in many broad host‐range pathogen species. Their utilization as bioherbicides may more easily meet the requirements of regulators. Mixtures of different weed‐specific isolates of a pathogen could provide bioherbicides with commercially attractive spectrums of weed control activity. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Bochdalek hernia masquerading as pleural effusion in a young adult
Authors: Wong Charles , Lam Chin Tou , Yam Loretta Yin Chun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBochdalek hernia (BH) is a congenital diaphragmatic hernia which rarely presents in adulthood. We report on a 25‐year‐old man admitted with 3‐year recurrent and self‐limiting abdominal pain and vomiting. Chest radiograph showed left pleural opacity which shifted position in the decubitus film suggesting pleural effusion. Before attempting drainage, point‐of‐care (POC) thoracic ultrasound (TUS) demonstrated features of intrathoracic gastrointestinal content above the left hemi‐diaphragm. Computed tomography of the thorax confirmed a large left BH. Acute recurrent symptoms 3 months post‐discharge was associated with BH enlargement and early bowel ischemia, which was successfully managed by emergency surgery. This case illustrates the importance of pre‐procedural imaging with POC‐TUS before pleural procedures in all cases of suspected or apparent pleural effusion, and of prompt surgical treatment of symptomatic BH despite clinical stabilization.
Introduction to “The Woodward‐Hoffmann Rules. From May 5, 1964, to November 30, 1964”**
Authors: Seeman Jeffrey I. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn introduction is provided to Publication 11 in the series of articles by the author on the history of the Woodward‐Hoffmann (W−H) rules. Now permanently open access (CC‐BY) athttp://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.joc.5b01792, Paper 11 was published in 2015 inThe Journal of Organic Chemistryto celebrate the 50th anniversary of the W−H rules. This paper summarizes the content of Publications 1–10 in the series and provides an idea of the major components of Publication 11.
Collective responsibility for climate change
Authors: Hormio Säde 
Published: February 2023

AbstractClimate change can be construed as a question of collective responsibility from two different viewpoints: climate change being inherently a collective problem, or collective entities bearing responsibility for climate change. When discussing collective responsibility for climate change, “collective” can thus refer to the problem of climate change itself, or to the entity causing the harm and/or bearing responsibility for it. The first viewpoint focuses on how climate change is a harm that has been caused collectively.Collective action problemrefers to an aggregation of individual actions which together produce an outcome that is not intended at the level of an individual action. It cannot be solved by any one agent acting unilaterally. Instead, climate change action must be enacted and supported by numerous agents. The second way to conceptualize climate change as a question of collective responsibility focuses on the collective entities that bear responsibility for climate change. As a global problem, climate change is linked to the realm of international politics, where states, governments, and intergovernmental organizations are the main collective entities. Other important agential collectives in terms of climate responsibility are corporations, including carbon majors who have produced the bulk of emissions. Climate change has also been theorized as astructural injustice, which combines elements from both the viewpoints on what is collective about responsibility for climate change.This article is categorized under:Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Ethics and Climate ChangeClimate, Nature, and Ethics > Climate Change and Global Justice
Computational insights into the rational design of organic electrode materials for metal ion batteries
Authors: Zhu Xinyue , Yang Youchao , Shu Xipeng , Xu Tianze , Jing Yu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMetal ion batteries (MIBs), represented by lithium ion batteries are important energy storage devices for storing renewable energy. Advanced development of MIBs depends on the exploration of efficient and sustainable electrode materials. Organic electrode materials (OEMs) with redox‐active moieties are low‐cost and eco‐friendly alternatives to conventional inorganic electrode materials for MIBs. Computational simulation plays an important role in understanding the energy storage mechanism of different active functional groups and boosting the discovery of new OEMs for high‐efficient MIBs. Here, we will review recent progress of OEMs and comprehensively survey factors that determine their electrochemical properties. Dependable computational methods to guide the design of OEMs are comprehensively discussed and machine learning is highlighted as an emerging method to reveal the underlying structure–performance relationship and facilitate screening of OEMs with high‐efficiency. Finally, we summarize the available molecular design strategies to effectively improve the redox activity and stability of OEMs, and discuss challenges and opportunities of theoretical calculations of OEMs for MIBs.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
Assessment of cation exchange as conditioning processes of water chemistry in freshwater lenses
Authors: Tanjal Carolina , Borzi Guido , Santucci Lucía , Carol Eleonora , Richiano Sebastián 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFreshwater lenses are groundwater sources of limited dimensions that can be usually found in a variety of climates worldwide. These aquifers' quality is important for socioeconomic development, being cation exchange one of the most important geochemical processes that can change the water geochemistry. This study aims to assess the cation exchange processes that determine the chemistry of freshwater lenses in a multilayer aquifer type, considering the center‐east of the Pampean Region (Argentina) as a case study. Water samples were taken from the freshwater lenses at different depths to analyze major ions in the laboratory. In addition, geological profiles were made along with the extraction of sediment samples for X‐ray diffractometry (XRD) and laboratory tests to analyze the cation exchange capacity. The results show that water stored in the lenses has a vertical facies variation from Ca‐HCO3 to Na‐HCO3. According to the laboratory results, the change of water facies mainly occurs in the clayey sediments that divide the carbonate bioclastic material above and the loessic sediment below, being cation exchange the most important process.Practitioner Points
Cation exchange is the main geochemical process regulating groundwater chemistry.
Hydrochemical changes determine the quality of freshwater lenses.
Na/Ca exchange is mainly regulated by the groundwater flow into the bioturbated clay.
Batch exchange tests were also carried out to quantify the Na/Ca exchange processes.
Cultivation of algal‐bacterial granular sludge and degradation characteristics of tetracycline
Authors: Wang Shulian , Zhang Yu , Ge Hongmei , Hou Huan , Zhang Huiqin , Pi Kewu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDue to the increasing use of antibiotics, tetracycline was frequently detected in wastewater. As a novel technology, algal‐bacterial granular sludge process is expected to be widely used in wastewater treatment. However, the degradation effect of tetracycline by algal‐bacterial granular sludge process and its degradation path is still unknown. In this study, mature and stable algal‐bacterial granular sludge was cultured and the degradation of tetracycline by it was investigated. The results showed that the removal amount of 1–25 mg/L tetracycline by algal‐bacterial granular sludge was 0.09–1.45 mg/g volatile suspended solids (VSS), in which the adsorption amount was 0.06–0.17 mg/g VSS and the degradation amount was 0.03–1.27 mg/g VSS. Tetracycline biosorption was dominant at its concentration of 1–3 mg/L, while biodegradation was predominant at 5–25 mg/L of tetracycline. At tetracycline concentration of 3–5 mg/L, the contribution of biosorption and biodegradation to tetracycline removal by algal‐bacterial granular sludge process was almost equal. Algal‐bacterial granular sludge could effectively degrade tetracycline through demethylation, dehydrogenation, deacylation, and deamination or their combination. In addition, the degradation products were nontoxic and hardly pose a threat to environmental health. The research results of this paper provide a solid theoretical basis for tetracycline removal by algal‐bacterial granular sludge and a reference for the development of algal‐bacterial granular sludge process for wastewater treatment in the presence of tetracycline.Practitioner points
Mature and stable algal‐bacterial granular sludge was cultured.
Tetracycline was removed by algal‐bacterial granular sludge through biosorption and biodegradation.
Algal‐bacterial granular sludge could degrade tetracycline through demethylation, dehydrogenation, deacylation, and deamination or their combination.
The degradation products were nontoxic.
Second law analysis in Darcy‐Forchheimer flow of tangent hyperbolic nanofluid in the presence of gyrotactic microorganisms
Authors: Ahmed M. Faizan , Khalid M. , Ali Farhan , Alduais Fuad S. , Al‐Bossly Afrah , Saeed Anwar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the creation of entropy and the thermal transport of fluids during hyperbolic tangent flow with Darcy‐Forchheimer flow over a stretching surface. Because of the role of shear‐thinning that the hyperbolic tangent fluid displays, the mechanics of the fluid are described with the assistance of a connected system of differential models that are constructed from a partial differential equation. The bvp4c routine, a three‐stage Lobatto‐IIIA method numerical analysis is utilized in the study. The effects of varying values of dimensionless parameters including Forchheimer number, inertia parameter, thermal radiation, Brownian motion, Prandtl number, Scimdth number, chemical reaction, Peclet number an Bioconvection Lewis number are simulated numerically. In addition, to this, the numerical values of the skin friction coefficient, the local Nusselt and Sherwood number and motile density are shown in the form of graphs and tables respectively. It has been discovered that increasing the value of the Fr and γ results in an upsurging velocity profile while a reverse trend is noted for the unsteady parameter. In addition to this, higher values of the radiation parameter Rd cause the operating fluid to be subjected to a greater quantity of heat, which results in an associated increase in the temperature profile.
Evaluation of the decision-making process within the table-top exercise of the Terror and Disaster Surgical Care (TDSC®) course
Authors: Achatz Gerhard , Reckziegel Alexander , Friemert Benedikt , Blätzinger Markus , Hinz-Bauer Simone , Franke Axel , Bieler Dan , Paffrath Thomas , Hoth Patrick ,   the Deployment, Disaster, Tactical Surgery Section of the German Trauma Society
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The threat of terror is omnipresent in Europe and the number of attacks worldwide is increasing. The target of attacks in Europe is usually the civilian population. Incalculable dangerous situations at the scene of the event and severe injury patterns such as complex gunshot and explosion injuries with a high number of highly life-threatening people present rescue forces, emergency physicians and subsequently hospitals with medical, organizational as well as tactical and strategic challenges. The Terror and Disaster Surgical Care (TDSC®) course trains clinical decision-makers to meet these challenges of a TerrorMASCAL in the first 24–48 h.

Methods
A table-top exercise was developed for the TDSC® course as a decision training tool, which was prospectively evaluated in six courses. The evaluation took place in 3 courses of the version 1.0, in 3 courses in the further developed version 2.0 to different target values like, e.g., the accuracy of the in-hospital triage. Furthermore, 16 TDSC® course instructors were evaluated.

Results
For the evaluation, n = 360 patient charts for version 1.0 and n = 369 for version 2.0 could be evaluated. Overall, the table-top exercise was found to be suitable for training of internal clinical decision makers. Version 2.0 was also able to depict the action and decision-making paths in a stable and valid manner compared to the previous version 1.0. The evaluation of the instructors also confirmed the further value and improvement of version 2.0.

Conclusion
With this prospective study, the table-top exercise of the TDSC® course was tested for decision stability and consistency of the participants’ decision paths. This could be proven for the selected target variables, it further showed an improvement of the training situation. A further development of the table-top exercise, in particular also using digital modules, will allow a further optimization.
http://www.bundeswehrkrankenhaus-ulm.de
Does the type of anesthesia (regional vs. general) represent an independent predictor for in-hospital complications in operatively treated malleolar fractures? A retrospective analysis of 5262 patients
Authors: Canal Claudio , Kaserer Alexander , Morax Laurent Sébastien , Ziegenhain Franziska , Pape Hans-Christoph , Neuhaus Valentin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The impact of the type of anesthesia (regional vs. general anesthesia) on in-hospital complications in ankle fractures has not been thoroughly studied yet. Identifying factors that place patients at risk for complications following ankle fractures may help reduce their occurrence. The primary goal of this study was (1) to describe the cohort of patients and (2) to evaluate independent risk factors for complications during hospitalization.

Methods
We analyzed patients from 2005 to 2019 with an operatively treated isolated fracture of the medial or lateral malleolus using a prospective national quality measurement database. Patients were selected based on international classifications (ICD) and national procedural codes (CHOP). Uni- and multivariate analysis were applied.

Results
In total, we analyzed 5262 patients who suffered a fracture of the malleolus; 3003 patients (57%) had regional and 2259 (43%) general anesthesia. Patients with regional anesthesia were significantly older (51 vs. 46 years), but healthier (23 vs. 28% comorbidities) than patients who received general anesthesia. The in-hospital complication rate was not significantly lower in regional anesthesia (2.2% vs 3.0%). The type of anesthesia was not an independent predictor for complications while controlling for confounders.

Conclusion
Type of anesthesia was not an independent predictor of complications; however, higher ASA class, age over 70 years, fracture of the medial versus lateral malleolus, longer preoperative stay, and duration of surgery were significant predictors of complications. Patient and procedure characteristics, as well as changes in medical care and epidemiological changes along with patient requests, influenced the choice of the type of anesthesia.
Neurological update: structural and functional imaging in epilepsy surgery
Authors: Yoganathan Katie , Malek Naveed , Torzillo Emma , Paranathala Menaka , Greene John 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStructural and functional imaging prior to surgery in drug-resistant focal epilepsy, has an important role to play alongside electroencephalography (EEG) techniques, in planning the surgical approach and predicting post-operative outcome. This paper reviews the role of structural and functional imaging of the brain, namely computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in the preoperative work-up of people with medically refractory epilepsy. In MRI-negative patients, the precise localisation of the epileptogenic zone may be established by demonstrating hypometabolism on PET imaging or hyperperfusion on SPECT imaging in the area surrounding the seizure focus. These imaging modalities are far less invasive than intracranial EEG, which is the gold standard but requires surgical placement of electrodes or recording grids. Even when intracranial EEG is needed, PET or SPECT imaging can assist in the planning of EEG electrode placement, due to its’ limited spatial sampling. Multimodal imaging techniques now allow the multidisciplinary epilepsy surgery team to identify and better characterise focal pathology, determine its’ relationship to eloquent areas of the brain and the degree of interconnectedness within both physiological and pathological networks, as well as improve planning and surgical outcomes for patients. This paper will update the reader on this whole field and provide them with a practical guide, to aid them in the selection of appropriate investigations, interpretation of the findings and facilitating patient discussions in individuals with drug-resistant focal epilepsy.
Responses in honeybee and bumblebee activity to changes in weather conditions
Authors: Karbassioon Arrian , Yearlsey Jon , Dirilgen Tara , Hodge Simon , Stout Jane C. , Stanley Dara A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInsect pollination, and in particular pollination by bees, is a highly valued ecosystem service that ensures plant reproduction and the production of high-quality crops. Bee activity is known to be influenced by the weather, and as the global climate continues to change, the flying frequency and foraging behaviour of bees may also change. To maximise the benefits of pollination in a changing world, we must first understand how current weather conditions influence the activity of different bee species. This is of particular interest in a country such as Ireland where inclement weather conditions are nominally sub-optimal for foraging. We observed honeybee (Apis mellifera) and buff-tailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) activity across a variety of weather conditions at seven apple orchards to determine how four weather variables (temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, wind) influenced the flight activity of each species. Each orchard contained three honeybee and three bumblebee colonies, and so we were able to observe a colony of each species concurrently in the same weather conditions. Overall, honeybees were more sensitive to changes in weather than bumblebees and could be more predisposed to future changes in within-day weather conditions. Our results indicate bumblebees could compensate for low honeybee activity in inclement conditions, which supports the theory that pollinator diversity provides resilience. This may be particularly important in management of pollinators in crops that flower in the spring when weather is more variable, and to allow varied responses to global climate change.
Fused filament fabrication (FFF): influence of layer height on forces and moments delivered by aligners—an in vitro study
Authors: Spanier Claudia , Schwahn Christian , Krey Karl-Friedrich , Ratzmann Anja 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the effect of layer height of FFF-printed models on aligner force transmission to a second maxillary premolar during buccal torquing, distalization, extrusion, and rotation using differing foil thicknesses.

Materials and methods
Utilizing OnyxCeph3™ Lab (Image Instruments GmbH, Chemnitz, Germany, Release Version 3.2.185), the following movements were programmed for the second premolar: buccal torque (0.1–0.5 mm), distalization (0.1–0.4 mm), extrusion (0.1–0.4 mm), rotation (0.1–0.5 mm), and staging 0.1 mm. Via FFF, 91 maxillary models were printed for each staging at different layer heights (100 µm, 150 µm, 200 µm, 250 µm, 300 µm). Hence, 182 aligners, made of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET-G) with two thicknesses (0.5 mm and 0.75 mm), were prepared. The test setup comprised an acrylic maxillary model with the second premolar separated and mounted on a sensor, measuring initial forces and moments exerted by the aligners. A generalized linear model for the gamma distribution was applied, evaluating the significance of the factors layer height, type of movement, aligner thickness, and staging on aligner force transmission.

Results
Foil thickness and staging were found to have a significant influence on forces delivered by aligners, whereas no significance was determined for layer height and type of movement. Nevertheless, at a layer height of 150 µm, the most appropriate force transmission was observed.

Conclusions
Printing aligner models at particularly low layer heights leads to uneconomically high print time without perceptible better force delivery properties, whereas higher layer heights provoke higher unpredictability of forces due to scattering. A z-resolution of 150 µm appears ideal for in-office aligner production combining advantages of economic print time and optimal force transmission.