bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF FAULT-TOLERANT HARDWARE ARCHITECTURES FOR AUTONOMOUS DRIVING SYSTEMS
Authors: Julitz Tim Maurice , Tordeux Antoine , Lower Manuel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFault-tolerant hardware architectures for autonomous vehicles can be implemented through redundancy, diversity, separation, self-diagnosis, and reconfiguration. These approaches can be coupled with majority redundancy through M-out-of-N independent system architectures. The development of fault- tolerant systems is of central importance in the launch of autonomous driving systems from level 4. The increasing complexity of electrical and electronic systems is challenging for the design of safety-critical systems. This work aims to develop a method to manage this complexity in product development and to use it to compare different types of architectures. The basis is a system consisting of sensors and microcontrollers. The reliability of all possible MooN configurations of the system is calculated automatically by numerically solving the master equation of the corresponding Markov chain. Subsequently, a software-based fault tree analysis enables more detailed modeling of the component structure. The results show that four-line architectures can provide suitable results and that the development effort for 2-ECU systems is higher than for 1-ECU systems with respect to the ISO 26262 target values.
CONSIDERING ENGINEERING ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS TO ACHIEVE MATERIAL CIRCULARITY BY DESIGN
Authors: Gräßler Iris , Hesse Philipp 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo select design guidelines engineers have to identify relevant from a bewildering amount of design guidelines. In this paper, a rule-based method for selecting design guidelines for material circularity selection is presented. For this purpose, a generic Product Life Cycle model is detailed with regard to Multi Material cycles (gPLC-MM). The presented method is divided into four steps. Core of the presented method is the comparison of circular product strategies with product life phases and material recovery processes. Engineering activities and increments of the product architecture are used to identify design guidelines. The results show that through the material circularity-oriented design guideline identification method, the product architecture is designed for different processes and technologies, to recover materials. The method allows engineers to select guidelines in a more targeted and consolidated way in sustainability-friendly product engineering.
DEFINING PERMAENGINEERING: NEW PRACTICES FOR STRONG SUSTAINABLE CONTEXTS OF DESIGN
Authors: Grimal Lou , di Loreto Inès , Troussier Nadège 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDesigners can project their vision of the world into reality and share it. They have, in short, the capability to transmit values and points of view through their products. We believe that engineering culture and tools need to shift from a culture of control to a culture of care. The aim of this paper is to propose and test new engineering practices for strong sustainability. We argue that the role and the shape of engineering in strong sustainability contexts are not explored enough in the scientific literature. We propose therefore a form of strong sustainability practice that we call permaengineering. Permaengineering practices are conceived to be in line with strong sustainability contexts. In other words, permaengineering practices should allow achieving activities upper the social floor and within the planetary boundaries. 4 elements will be studied in permaengineering: the ethics of permaengineering, the goal of the practice, the approach to sustainability, and the expertise needed. Those 4 elements will be tested through an interactive tool embedding perma-engineering principles. A seven-month study was conducted to test this tool.
DEMAND-DRIVEN DESIGN STRATEGY FOR INTER-ORGANIZATIONAL CIRCULAR SYSTEM – THE VALORIZATION OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE IN BRAZIL
Authors: Jaeger João , Paula Istefani Carisio de , Heinen Madalena , Gularte Aline Cafruni , Hauser Ghissia , Phanebecker Victor Calcanhoto 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe valorization of plastic wastes in the Circular Economy poses the challenge of developing inter-organizational systems. Concerning the implementation, the inter-organizational level consists of a set of companies from the same segment acting in different roles in the circular system. This research aims to demonstrate a structured method designed to develop a demand-driven inter-organizational closed-loop circular system for the valorization of packaging waste.The five-step method includes (i) Contextualization/problematization, (ii) Closed-loop system mapping, (iii) Closed-loop system consolidation, (iv) Building Commitment,(v) Pilot system implementation and operation. A real case illustrates the method. As the unit of analysis we have chosen the supply chain and reverse channels of expanded and extruded polystyrene packaging in Brazil. The project was developed from December 2021 to March 2022.The contribution to the literature is to validate the premises and to provide insight into the challenges of developing real circular economy closed loop systems. The practical contribution is to support the development of a recycling system of packaging in a developing country.
A DFAM FRAMEWORK FOR THE DESIGN OF COMPLIANT STRUCTURES
Authors: Air Alan , Wodehouse Andrew 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing methods present prospects for designed mechanical deformation via the integration of controlled anisotropic lattice structure forms. Their assimilation into a Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) process would create a novel framework for the design of compliant mechanisms (CM). The method uses lattice structures to replace rigid multi-part mechanisms, with integrated and controlled flexibility into a single, compact, and precise component. In recent years, a lot of research has gone into making algorithms that enable users to generate CMs for their designs. But by relying on algorithms to design solutions, are they neglecting to fully understand how these mechanisms work. This work undertakes the design and development of a novel DfAM Framework, that utilises controlled lattice structure deformations to create a standardised method of CM design. The authors have developed a method for this, whilst allowing users to tailor CMs to their design, by using a wide selection of pretested structures. Indicating suitable structures for their design using an integrated novel taxonomy. The framework is tested and developed using a series of case studies.
DESCRIPTIVE ATTRIBUTES OF ANALYSIS USE CASES IN THE DATA-DRIVEN VALIDATION OF ELEMENTS IN THE SYSTEM OF OBJECTIVES
Authors: Wagenmann Steffen , Weidinger Felicia , Schöck Moritz , Albers Albert , Bursac Nikola 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUsage data of reference systems can be analyzed in the development process for the validation of system elements. The process model for data-driven validation of elements in the system of objectives aids developers in performing such data analyses. The conducted studies show that the basis for an efficient analysis process is a common understanding of the system and the goal of the analysis. Therefore, a template was derived over the course of case studies describing the elements in the system of objectives. The template covers the three descriptive dimensions general information, technical system and data. It allows a comprehensive description of analysis use cases. On average it takes 11 minutes for developers to aggregate all necessary information and consequently fill out the template. An A/B-Test confirmed the comprehensibility and applicability of the template even for developers of different domain knowledge. Through its contribution to a sustainable knowledge management the template provides an added value for the developers for conducting analysis.
DESIGN DESCRIPTIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MACHINE LEARNING BASED DESIGN TOOLS
Authors: McKay Alison , Hazlehurst Thomas A , de Pennington Alan , Hogg David C 
Published: June 2023

AbstractApplications of machine learning technologies are becoming ubiquitous in many sectors and their impacts, both positive and negative, are widely reported. As a result, there is substantial interest from the engineering community to integrate machine learning technologies into design workflows with a view to improving the performance of the product development process. In essence, machine learning technologies are thought to have the potential to underpin future generations of data-enabled engineering design system that will deliver radical improvements to product development and so organisational performance. In this paper we report learning from experiments where we applied machine learning to two shape-based design challenges: in a given collection of designed shapes, clustering (i) visually similar shapes and (ii) shapes that are likely to be manufactured using the same primary process. Both challenges were identified with our industry partners and are embodied in a design case study. We report early results and conclude with issues for design descriptions that need to be addressed if the full potential of machine learning is to be realised in engineering design.
DESIGN EXPERTISE: A STRUCTURED LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Tollestrup Christian , Laursen Linda Nhu , Vesti Helle Nødskou 
Published: June 2023

AbstractToday research has come far in explaining distinct aspects of design expertise at different skill levels. However, with the increasing number of studies, we argue there is a need to assimilate present knowledge. In this paper we advance the field of design expertise by conducting a structured literature review. Through a systematic search of papers, from 1970 to today, we identify 110 papers concerning design expertise. We then analyze the accumulated research, and map how design expertise research has evolved, in terms of what we know and what remains unexplored. Through the review, we contribute with a distinction of skills acquisition at increasing levels of design expertise.
DESIGN FOR X: ENABLING THE REUSE OF SPACE HARDWARE?
Authors: Weiss Bernd Michael , Öhrwall Rönnbäck Anna , Laufer René , Clauss Margot 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith a growing number of objects in space, the pressure to be sustainable and more efficient with resources is increasing. Driven by technological advancements, the reuse of space hardware becomes feasible and viable as alternative to spacecraft end-of-life disposal. Reuse of space hardware promises benefits in areas like mitigating space debris risks, cost reductions, and environmental sustainability on Earth and in space. However, challenges related to the space environment, like micro gravity, unknown changes due to radiation, and the energy requirements to perform maneuvers in space must be addressed in order to enable spacecraft reusability. Nonetheless, reuse of space hardware is an important objective related to long-term space exploration with implications on the human expansion into space. This paper investigates the requirements for reusability of spacecraft and if circular economy strategies can support implementing reusability for spacecraft. Based on the finding of expert interviews, it argues for design as a key enabler. It introduces design for X, design for circularity, and design for reusability, and explores how reusability of space hardware implies the need to include the space environment in design decisions.
DESIGN THINKING IN DATA-INTENSIVE HEALTHCARE IMPROVEMENT: LESSONS FROM A PERIOPERATIVE CASE STUDY
Authors: Stubbs Daniel James , Bashford Thomas Henry , Clarksons Peter John 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHealthcare generates vast quantities of ‘routinely collected’ data that is recognised as a valuable substrate to drive improvement. Realising this benefit however, requires the sequential distillation of new knowledge before analytical findings are used to inform real-world change. This dichotomy requires the combination of techniques from data science (to derive meaningful knowledge) and improvement (to deliver change). Recognising this transdisciplinary need and the complexity of modern healthcare, we developed an improvement project to incorporate a ‘systems approach’ into the analysis of pseudonymised perioperative data for the purpose of redesigning the systems that deliver surgical care to older patients. This required the development of novel mixed-methods workflows combining tools used to realise a systems approach in practice and to support meaningful analysis, and to translate these findings towards ‘better’ care systems. This paper recounts the incorporation of these tools into ‘dataintensive improvement’ and reflects on the relevance of design thinking to improve the conduct of the necessary data science to achieve our ultimate aim, using data to improve services for older surgical patients.
DESIGNING BUSINESS MODELS FOR A CIRCULAR ECONOMY
Authors: Scholtysik Michel , Rohde Malte , Koldewey Christian , Dumitrescu Roman 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe megatrend sustainability will significantly change the future value creation of manufacturing companies. Their current linear value creation models need to change to conform to the requirements of sustainability. To face the challenges the circular economy has emerged as a promising economic model. With the shift from a linear to a circular economy, companies have to adjust their current business models. However, they still lack knowledge and adequate methods to develop circular business models. Hence, the aim of the paper is a circular business model canvas (CBMC) for designing circular businesses. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify significant criteria for circular business models. The criteria were analyzed utilizing a qualitative content analysis to derive the business model elements required for the circular economy. Existing elements from the Business Model Canvas were enriched and five new elements, e.g., reverse logistics, were found. Then, the business model elements were logically arranged resulting in the CBMC. It guides companies to systematically develop business models for the circular economy. The CBMC was evaluated by applying it within a mediumsized company in the electronics sector.
DESIGNING FOR REHABILITATION MOVEMENT RECOGNITION AND MEASUREMENT IN VIRTUAL REALITY
Authors: Latif Ummi Khaira , Gong Zhengya , Nanjappan Vijayakumar , Georgiev Georgi V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractVirtual reality (VR)-based rehabilitation has been widely implemented to maintain and increase patient motivation during therapy sessions. Researchers nowadays design VR-based rehabilitation by leveraging off-the-shelf VR devices for easy access and application. However, researchers need to implement additional custom hardware or incorporate a specific algorithm to perform a real-time evaluation of each therapeutic movement. This study aims to design and develop a system with features for recognizing and measuring the upper limb rehabilitation movement in VR using off-the-shelf VR devices such as VR headsets, controllers, and trackers. This system is bundled and distributed as a single toolkit to accommodate other researchers in providing the evaluation feature for their VR-based rehabilitation system. The user experiment was conducted to verify the usability of this proposed design system. The experiment results show that the system can recognize 16 upper limb movements and provide several measurement data that researchers can use in providing the evaluation feature based on their design requirements.
DESIGNING WITH SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY: HOME-BASED DIGITAL EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS CREATING POSITIVE CHANGE
Authors: Şener Bahar , Pedgley Owain 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe well-thought implementation of technology within the product-service system (PSS) will undoubtedly contribute to the increase of healthy life expectancy and to the improvement of the wellbeing of society. The ‘Exercise-Well’ project, explored the problem and solution areas related to home-based exercise through digital interventions. Students worked in pairs and expected to propose a PSS solution providing a type of sports/physical activities for individuals to support their wellbeing. The proposed solutions were encouraged to create positive change especially through the integration of self-determination theory (SDT), but also be functionality suited to the persona. The project had the goals of directing students: i) to learn how digital technologies can be best tailored to assist people to exercise; ii) to consider engineering and healthcare domain constraints for utilizing convenient technological methods and integrating relevant hardware and software components; and iii) to motivate people by integrating autonomy, competence, relatedness into their design proposals. The paper demonstrated how SDT can be integrated into the design process, and how home-based digital exercise interventions can lead to creative solutions.
DEVELOPMENT OF A DESIGN SUPPORT TOOL FOR SYNTHESISING MULTI-STATE MECHANICAL DEVICE CONCEPTS
Authors: Majumder Anubhab , Chakrabarti Amaresh 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConceptual design synthesis, which focuses on generating solution alternatives, has a significant impact on the cost and quality of the final product. The development of radically new and significantly better solutions requires the generation and exploration of a large solution space. This work deals with the conceptual design synthesis of multi-state mechanical devices (MSMD). A scheme for representing a MSMD design task is described. Empirical studies have been carried out to develop a common understanding of the MSMD design synthesis process and use this knowledge for developing a prescriptive model. In order to support the effective and efficient use of the proposed prescriptive model, a web-based computational tool is developed.
A FOLLOW-UP ON THE METHODICAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE IDENTIFICATION, ANALYSIS AND CONSIDERATION OF UNCERTAINTY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE INTEGRATION OF SENSORY FUNCTIONS BY MEANS OF SENSING MACHINE ELEMENTS
Authors: Welzbacher Peter , Geipl Anja , Kraus Benjamin , Puchtler Steffen , Kirchner Eckhard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhen integrating sensing machine elements for in-situ measurements in technical systems, special attention must be paid to uncertainty to ensure the reliability of the provided information. Therefore, a methodical framework for the identification, analysis and consideration of uncertainty was already developed in prior research, which still offers room for improvement regarding the included methods and tools. Therefore, in this contribution, the initially proposed methods and tools are adapted and extended to enhance their efficiency and applicability and to reduce their error proneness in order to increase the acceptance of the framework in practice. First, the identification of uncertainty is improved by means of an extended effect graph for an automated identification of disturbance factor induced data and model uncertainty. Second, the significance of the subsequent evaluation of uncertainty is enhanced by replacing the initially proposed local sensitivity analysis with a global sensitivity analysis. Finally, a flowchart is proposed that supports the identification of applicable and promising strategies for the development of measures to consider critical disturbance factor induced uncertainty.
DIMENSIONS OF PROXIMITY IN STAKEHOLDER CHOICE REFLECTED IN THE CREATION OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM PARTNERSHIPS
Authors: Eriksson Vikki , Keipi Teo , Björklund Tua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn order to better understand the stakeholder choices of knowledge-based organisational actors, this study focuses on a novel application of Huber's (2012) dimensions of proximity salience, namely spatial proximity, social proximity and cognitive proximity. The population of the study is made up of knowledge-based organisational actors involved in developing an innovation ecosystem, in terms of stakeholder network creation. The extent to which the three proximity dimensions of stakeholder salience is evident in the stakeholder choices of these innovation-focused actors seeking knowledge-based collaborators is explored. Our findings show how various forms of proximity prompt the decision of who to work with among a diverse population of experts involved in building a cross-national innovation ecosystem. The various explanations that motivate stakeholder choice matched Huber's proximity dimensions. The findings provide new insight into stakeholder choice among knowledge-based organisations, and highlight a new proximity dimension indirectly linked to cognition proximity. Termed the “potential proximity” dimension, it involves attraction to stakeholders that represent strategic value.
EEG VARIATIONS AS A PROXY OF THE QUALITY OF THE DESIGN OUTCOME
Authors: Li Shumin , Becattini Niccolò , Cascini Gaetano 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper presents an EEG (Electroencephalography) study that explores the correlation between the EEG variation across design stages and the quality of the design outcomes. The brain activations of 33 volunteers with engineering backgrounds were recorded while performing a design task using a morphological table to develop an amphibious bike. The EEG variations from the analysing/selecting stage to the illustrating stage were analysed based on the EEG frequency band and channel sets. A significant correlation between the detail level of the design outcome and the power variation mode was observed in theta, alpha and gamma bands, each involving different channel sets. Compared to the assessment results from two evaluators, using EEG variations as a proxy of the detail level of the design outcome could reach a maximum accuracy of 0.727, precision of 0.765, and recall of 0.889. These results also provide suggestions on the selection of the frequency bands and channel sets to achieve better prediction performance according to each metric.
EFFECTS OF IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL REALITY IN ENHANCING CREATIVITY
Authors: Nanjappan Vijayakumar , Uunila Akseli , Vaulanen Jukka , Välimaa Julius , Georgiev Georgi V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the use of virtual reality (VR) has been a promising opportunity to improve the immersive experience in virtual environments. In this study, we explore the effectiveness of immersive VR experiences on an individual's creativity. To do this, we first identified the characteristics of VR that are closely related to creative performance. Considering these factors, we designed and implemented the interaction method and the three outdoor and indoor virtual environments (Wilderness, City Park, and Office). We evaluated the effectiveness of the virtual environments with 12 participants. The user study results show that outdoor and indoor immersive virtual experiences improved their creativity skills. We concluded by analysing how factors such as simulator sickness and perceived workload influence creativity levels. Moreover, our study showed the potentiality of using immersive virtual environments to enhance individuals’ creative performance.