bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate Collections and Photosynthetic, Fossil-Fueled Atmospheres
Authors: Cameron Fiona R. , Dibley Ben , Ellsworth David S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHistorical, cultural, and technological collections are routinely put to work to illustrate narratives of progress, history, and identity. They can also convey new stories that articulate how cultural objects might serve as material expressions of climate change embedded in climate processes. This article considers the oldest surviving largely unaltered Boulton and Watt rotative engine, housed in the collection of the Science Museum, London, as an example to examine how objects are at once the material expression of carbon economies and cultures that have generated them and the material archives of the climate histories in which they are enmeshed. It draws on insights from the environmental humanities and the critical posthumanities and augments these with other knowledge practices from the biogeochemical sciences. Specifically, it utilizes stable carbon dating, whose methods provide the opportunity to locate particular cultural objects in relation to the deep time of planetary climate change. In doing so this paper develops the proposition that, articulated as such, these objects are complex climatic ecological compositions, and so understood, they can serve as cultural carbon mitigation strategies that occasion possibilities of new material and climatic attunement that can complement climate mitigation policies and programs. This proposition is trialed in relation to Object No. 1861-46—the Boulton and Watt “Lap” engine.
Information manipulation and historical revisionism: Russian disinformation and foreign interference through manipulated history-based narratives
Authors: Arribas Cristina M. , Arcos Rubén , Gértrudix Manuel , Mikulski Kamil , Hernández-Escayola Pablo , Teodor Mihaela , Novăcescu Elena , Surdu Ileana , Stoian Valentin , García-Jiménez Antonio 
Published: July 2023

Background: Disinformation and historical revisionism have been acknowledged as tools for foreign interference that belong to the landscape of hybrid threats. Historical revisionism plays an essential role in Russian foreign policy towards the post-Soviet space and is in strong relation with the concepts of Near Abroad and Russkii Mir (‘Russian World’) and with certain ideas contained in the neo-Eurasianist Movement. This article examines Russian revisionist narratives disseminated in information and influencing campaigns in Europe and against the West. Methods: This study uses a mixed methodology combining desk research, including literature review, and analysis of the EUvsDisinfo database of cases identified before the February 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Results: The manipulation of historical events has been largely employed by the Kremlin as a tool for foreign interference to achieve strategic objectives. First World War treaties, mainly the Trianon Peace Treaty, as well as the Second World War and the communist and fascist historical experiences in countries within the post-Soviet space, are the pivotal topics from which hostile influencing narratives are built. From the analysis of the EUvsDisinfo database, the article identifies seven topic themes. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that pre-emptively elaborated counter-narratives based on historical evidence and sound historiography can be an effective tool against hostile revisionist narratives that exploit vulnerabilities and specific target groups within European societies.
Abdominal massage and laxative use for constipation: a pilot study
Authors: Artale Serena , Terzoni Stefano , Destrebecq Anne , Sansone Claudia Maria , Vitale Maria Teresa , Sala Elena , Ferrara Paolo 
Published: July 2023

Background: Constipation is a very frequent condition. Pharmacological treatment leads to the onset of complications in the long term. Aim: To study the effects of abdominal massage and bowel training combined with polyethene glycol compared with laxative alone. Researchers studied the frequency of evacuations, use of laxatives, appetite, and food intake of older persons. In addition, feasibility in the daily routine of nursing care was studied. Methods: A pilot, randomised controlled trial was conducted. Older people living in a facility for self-sufficient residents were enrolled and randomised to the intervention or control group. The massage was administered for 4 weeks. The stool type according to the Bristol Stool Form Scale and secondary outcomes were collected at baseline, before any massage session and at the end of the intervention. Findings: 32 participants were enrolled. Significant improvements were found in the number of evacuations, need for enemas, Bristol scores, appetite and food intake. Conclusion: Significant improvements were found in all major outcomes.
The potential role of through the needle PIVC insertion in reducing early catheter contamination
Authors: Anstett Michael , Brainard Robert E. 
Published: July 2023

HIGHLIGHTSOver-the-needle (OTN) PIVC devices are at inherent risk of insertion related skin contamination. Through-the-needle (TTN) catheter deployment resulted in no measurable contamination in this study. OTN catheters were 1.67 times more likely to be contaminated than TTN in this study.Aim:To compare a traditional over-the-needle peripheral intravenous catheter device to a through-the-needle (TTN) peripheral intravenous catheter device for early bacterial contamination during insertion.Methods:Five TTN test devices (OspreyIV 20 g SkyDance Vascular, Inc) and 5 OTN comparative devices (Insyte Autoguard 20 g Becton Dickinson) were aseptically inserted through targeted zones inoculated with 1 mL aliquot suspension of approximately 1 × 10 CFU of Staphylococcus aureus among 3 healthy sheep. Immediately after insertion, each study catheter was surgically removed from the surrounding tissue and cultured for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus inoculum that may have been transferred to the catheter during insertion.Results:Final culture results of the 5 test articles found no bacterial colonies. Final culture results of the 5 comparative articles revealed 2 of 5 were contaminated with bacterial colonies. The absolute risk reduction is 40%, or a 40% rate of contamination drops to a 0% rate of contamination when the TTN catheter deployment was used. The risk ratio achieved was 1.67, indicating catheters placed using the OTN deployment were 1.67 times more like to be contaminated than the TTN deployed catheters.Conclusion:In this present ovine study, the data revealed that use of a novel TTN approach resulted in less contamination than the more traditional OTN approach. Traditional OTN devices, developed over 70 years ago, are at inherent risk of insertion-related contact contamination. The results of this research, as well as previously published studies, point toward considering physical catheter protection strategies such as TTN devices as a potential alternative to OTN devices.
Organisation, staffing and resources of critical care units in Kenya
Authors: Mwangi Wambui , Kaddu Ronnie , Njoki Muiru Carolyne , Simiyu Nabukwangwa , Patel Vishal , Sulemanji Demet , Otieno Dorothy , Okelo Stephen , Chikophe Idris , Pisani Luigi , Dona Dilanthi Priyadarshani Gamage , Beane Abi , Haniffa Rashan , Misango David , Waweru-Siika Wangari ,   for the Kenya Critical Care Registry Investigators
Published: July 2023

Objective
To describe the organisation, staffing patterns and resources available in critical care units in Kenya. The secondary objective was to explore variations between units in the public and private sectors.

Materials and methods
An online cross-sectional survey was used to collect data on organisational characteristics (model of care, type of unit, quality- related activities, use of electronic medical records and participation in the national ICU registry), staffing and available resources for monitoring, ventilation and general critical care.

Results
The survey included 60 of 75 identified units (80% response rate), with 43% (n = 23) located in government facilities. A total of 598 critical care beds were reported with a median of 6 beds (interquartile range [IQR] 5–11) per unit, with 26% beds (n = 157) being non functional. The proportion of ICU beds to total hospital beds was 3.8% (IQR 1.9–10.4). Most of the units (80%, n = 48) were mixed/general units with an open model of care (60%, n = 36). Consultants-in-charge were mainly anesthesiologists (69%, n = 37). The nurse-to-bed ratio was predominantly 1:2 with half of the nurses formally trained in critical care. Most units (83%, n = 47) had a dedicated ventilator for each bed, however 63% (n = 39) lacked high flow nasal therapy. While basic multiparametric monitoring was ubiquitous, invasive blood pressure measurement capacity was low (3% of beds, IQR 0–81%), and capnography moderate (31% of beds, IQR 0–77%). Blood gas analysers were widely available (93%, n = 56), with 80% reported as functional. Differences between the public and private sector were narrow.

Conclusion
This study shows an established critical care network in Kenya, in terms of staffing density, availability of basic monitoring and ventilation resources. The public and private sector are equally represented albeit with modest differences. Potential areas for improvement include training, use of invasive blood pressure and functionality of blood gas analysers.
Types of autonomous V-final clauses
Authors: Abraham Werner 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In German (and Dutch), main clauses and dependent clauses differ clearly with respect to form. Main clauses are always V2 and autonomous (with speech act status) while dependent ones are verb-final/VL (V-last) and nonautonomous (without speech act status). This paper is about autonomous clauses with the form of dependent clauses (i.e. VL-form, also captured in the literature under the term insubordinate subordination, coined by Evans, Nicholas. 2007. Insubordination and its uses. In Irina Nikolaeva (ed.), Finiteness: Theoretical and empirical foundations, 366–431. Oxford: Oxford University Press). In the recent literature, it has been argued that in order to explain the occurrence of autonomous dependent clauses in the historical development of German, the introducing main clause fell elliptically leaving behind a dependent form with autonomous status. The present paper argues that this account is false. Dependent forms can exist independently. Since speech act autonomy of dependent forms exists with certain (albeit not all) complementizers, a special account is provided. It is argued that this development typical of modern German, matches with the tendency toward an illocutionary semantics in its own right. Parallels for the latter path of grammaticalization are drawn from several languages other than German. The importance of the concerns for modern generative grammar is a twofold one: first, it provides insights into how independent (autonomous), but formally dependent sentences divide into several kinds of modality that are expressed in the left sentential periphery; and, second, it shows in which ways speaker-perspective is grammaticalized.
Morphosyntax als Beschreibungsgegenstand der frühneuzeitlichen Fremdsprachenlehrwerke
Authors: Hübner Julia , Filatkina Natalia 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Im Zentrum des Beitrags stehen die sogenannten Fremdsprachenlehrwerke des 15.–17. Jahrhunderts, die bisher nur am Rande Gegenstand sprachhistorischer Untersuchungen waren. Die Lehrwerke vermitteln die Grundlagen mündlichkeitsnaher Konversation in einer Fremdsprache und wurden vornehmlich von Sprachmeistern verfasst, die allerdings keine Gelehrten sind. Aus diesen Besonderheiten ergeben sich Parallelen sowie bedeutsame Unterschiede im Hinblick auf die Vermittlung von Morphologie und Syntax zwischen diesen Quellen und den sprachtheoretischen gelehrten Traktaten. Anhand der Themen Genus und doppelte Verneinung kann gezeigt werden, dass diese Unterschiede vor allem aus der didaktischen Perspektive sowie der Mehrsprachigkeit der Quellen resultieren.
„Ach [...] was wars so dunkel in dem Wolf seinem Leib!“
Authors: Lindner-Bornemann Bettina , Blombach Andreas 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Obwohl sich possessive Dative in fast allen deutschen Dialekten, in den regionalen Umgangssprachen sowie im gesprochenen und geschriebenen Substandard finden, spielen sie insgesamt in den bisher erschienenen Arbeiten zu possessiven Ausdrucksformen des Deutschen eine untergeordnete Rolle. In der Forschung stehen recht unterschiedliche Positionen zu Alter (schon im Ahd., erst im Mhd. oder erst im 15. Jh.), Entstehung (Reanalyse zweier ursprünglich unabhängiger Satzglieder oder Analogiebildung zum possessiven Genitiv) und Gebrauch nebeneinander. Der Beitrag überprüft diese Positionen auf der Basis von 7566 manuell annotierten Belegen aus dem DTA-Korpus. Es zeigt sich, dass possessive Dative über den gesamten Zeitraum selten sind; Belege mit possessiver Lesart finden sich v. a. im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert. Die Daten lassen den von den meisten Untersuchungen favorisierten Reanalyse-Ansatz wahrscheinlicher erscheinen, wie ihn bereits Hermann Paul und Otto Behaghel formulierten. Genitive mit Possessivpronomen sind den possessiven Dativen aber zahlenmäßig überlegen und stellen über fast den gesamten Zeitraum eine funktional sehr ähnliche Konkurrenzform dar.
Discovering NDM-1 inhibitors using molecular substructure embeddings representations
Authors: Papastergiou Thomas , Azé Jérôme , Bringay Sandra , Louet Maxime , Poncelet Pascal , Rosales-Hurtado Miyanou , Vo-Hoang Yen , Licznar-Fajardo Patricia , Docquier Jean-Denis , Gavara Laurent 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
NDM-1 (New-Delhi-Metallo-β-lactamase-1) is an enzyme developed by bacteria that is implicated in bacteria resistance to almost all known antibiotics. In this study, we deliver a new, curated NDM-1 bioactivities database, along with a set of unifying rules for managing different activity properties and inconsistencies. We define the activity classification problem in terms of Multiple Instance Learning, employing embeddings corresponding to molecular substructures and present an ensemble ranking and classification framework, relaying on a k-fold Cross Validation method employing a per fold hyper-parameter optimization procedure, showing promising generalization ability. The MIL paradigm displayed an improvement up to 45.7 %, in terms of Balanced Accuracy, in comparison to the classical Machine Learning paradigm. Moreover, we investigate different compact molecular representations, based on atomic or bi-atomic substructures. Finally, we scanned the Drugbank for strongly active compounds and we present the top-15 ranked compounds.
Investigation of channel state information conditions in VL-NOMA using power allocation technique for 6G network
Authors: Ngene Chidi E. , Thakur Prabhat , Singh Ghanshyam 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the channel state information (CSI) conditions in visible light non-orthogonal multiple access (VL-NOMA) using the power allocation technique (PA) for a sixth-generation (6G) network. One light-emitting diode (LED) is used as a carrier to transmit the signal to three-user-positioned at certain distances. The challenge of allocating power to the system is solved using the PA technique. The PA technique uses to assign signal powers to the three users. The VL-NOMA channel with CSI symbols is synchronized for the performance of signal propagation. We deployed perfect CSI, imperfect CSI, and partial CSI to coordinate the signal enhancement that results in an improved data rate, higher channel capacity, and improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The synchronized system model guarantees successful signal enhancement where perfect CSI performs better than partial CSI and imperfect CSI. We have enabled interference plus noise to see how the system behaves. We notice low channel capacity region, low data rate performance, etc. Hence, we analyse the PA to determine the outage probability effect on the signal.
Artificial intelligence in theranostics of gastric cancer, a review
Authors: Zha Yiqian , Xue Cuili , Liu Yanlei , Ni Jian , De La Fuente Jesus M. , Cui Daxiang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the commonest cancers with high morbidity and mortality in the world. How to realize precise diagnosis and therapy of GC owns great clinical requirement. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been actively explored to apply to early diagnosis and treatment and prognosis of gastric carcinoma. Herein, we review recent advance of AI in early screening, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of stomach carcinoma. Especially AI combined with breath screening early GC system improved 97.4 % of early GC diagnosis ratio, AI model on stomach cancer diagnosis system of saliva biomarkers obtained an overall accuracy of 97.18 %, specificity of 97.44 %, and sensitivity of 96.88 %. We also discuss concept, issues, approaches and challenges of AI applied in stomach cancer. This review provides a comprehensive view and roadmap for readers working in this field, with the aim of pushing application of AI in theranostics of stomach cancer to increase the early discovery ratio and curative ratio of GC patients.
Calibration of photoelastic materials with the disc under diametral compression
Authors: Solaguren-Beascoa Fernández Manuel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe disc under diametral compression is one of the preferred specimens for the calibration of photoelastic materials. Current calibration methods have some limitations from a metrological point of view, because they do not provide measurement uncertainties and they assume that observations are independent and with the same accuracy. In this work, a new calibration method is proposed to avoid the above-mentioned metrological limitations: The generalized least squares by Lagrange multipliers method. This methodology accepts correlated input quantities or with different accuracy through the input covariance matrix, and it provides, through a least-squares adjustment, the estimates of the quantities to be measured and their associated standard uncertainties. The application of the method shows coherent results and it also provides a chi-square value that can be used to test the consistency of the measurement model, and the normalized deviations between the input estimates and their fitted values, which are a tool to identify potential outliers. Results reveal a great influence of the radius of the specimen on the uncertainty of the stress-optic coefficient measurement, which casts serious doubt on previous affirmations about the disc in compression is preferable over other specimens.
Electrostatic-spinning construction of HCNTs@Ti3C2T
x
MXenes hybrid aerogel microspheres for tunable microwave absorption
Authors: Li Ying , Guo Siren , Li Yudi , Wu Kaiyou , Zhao Linlin , Liu Xi , Yang Xulin , Wang Pan , Yang Yuxin , Sun Yan , Mou Zihao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Helical carbon nanotubes (HCNTs) are chiral materials that can form an induced magnetic field when current passes through them, making them a desirable material for absorbing microwaves. However, poor electrical properties and inert surfaces limit the application of HCNTs as sole materials. In this study, we develop HCNTs@Ti3C2T
x
MXenes hybrid aerogel microspheres synthesized using an electrospinning-assisted ice template method. The modified surfaces of the HCNTs form hydrogen bonds with Ti3C2T
x
MXenes to produce hybrid aerogel microspheres. Because of the different functionalized surfaces of HCNTs (F-HCNTs), F-HCNTs@Ti3C2T
x
MXenes could be adjusted to obtain effective reflection loss (RL) of microwaves ranging from 2 to 18 GHz. The observed advantageous RL is attributed to the modified surface of the HCNTs, their porous structure, and the optimized impedance matching derived from the synergistic effect between HCNTs and Ti3C2T
x
MXenes. Successful assembly method for the 3D architectures of HCNTs@Ti3C2T
x
MXenes hybrid aerogel microspheres significantly widens the practical applications of HCNTs in microwave absorption.
The Role of Ionomycin in the Improvement of in vitro Fertilization and Increasing the Rate of Bovine Embryo Development
Authors: Amran Ramzi A. , Aleissa Mohammed S. , Ghadi Muath G. Al , Ammari Aiman A. , Al-Malahi Nawal M. , Alhimaidi Ahmad R. 
Published: July 2023

Background: The utilization of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in vitro embryo production (IVEP) has increased significantly as an effective tool of assisted reproductive technology. Sperm capacitation is a process of membrane maturation allowing the acrosome reaction to take place. Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore that induces the acrosome reaction by increasing calcium cycling across phospholipid membranes. The aim of this study was to enhance the cleavage rate and development of bovine embryos. Methods: Bovine ovaries were collected from the central slaughter house. Oocytes were obtained from follicles and were let to mature for 24 h. Frozen bull semen thawed in 37°C water and transferred to a discontinuous percoll gradient (Sigma GE17-0891-01). The spermatozoon pellet was separated into four groups after resuspension in bovine in vitro fertilization media (BO-IVF): control without additives; with DMSO and with ionomycin (25 and 50 nM) and kept in an incubator for three hours. The oocytes matured under commonly used media (TCM-199) for 24 h. The mature oocytes were then fertilized for 18-24h. The embryos were cultured in SOF medium until the seventh day to study cleavage rate and blastocyst rate. Result: The results indicated that 50 nM ionomycin supplementation considerably reduced cleavage while DMSO and 25 nM ionomycin supplementation had no effect on cleavage percentage. Moreover, when compared to the other groups, ionomycin at 25 nM significantly increased blastocyst development. In conclusion, the highest rate of blastocyst development was observed in the capacitation medium supplemented with 25 nM ionomycin, apparently due to the importance of calcium and metabolism in spermatozoa for fertilization and embryo development.
Response Surface Methodology-Based Parameter Optimization of Candlenut Seeds Extraction (Aleurites moluccana Willd)
Authors: Variyana Yeni , Ermaya Dewi , Shintawati Shintawati , Cendekia Devy , Mahfud Mahfud 
Published: July 2023

<p><span lang="EN-US"><strong>ABSTRACT.</strong></span><em><span lang="EN-US"> Aleurites moluccana</span></em><span lang="EN-US"> Willd, known candlenut plant, has the potential to be used for vegetable oil, pharmacological purposes, and biofuel. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the optimal extraction conditions for this extraction. The current study aimed to use response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the Microwave Hydrodiffusion Gravity (MHG) conditions for extraction yield. A three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to investigate the effects of three independent parameters: material size (A), microwave power (B), and extraction time (C). The experimental data for the candlenut seed extraction were analyzed to obtain quadratic polynomial equations. The effects of various parameters on the yield of extraction yield were then examined and analyzed using plots and contours.The results showing extraction yield significantly influenced all independent parameters were p &lt; 0.0001. Further, The study predicted the optimum conditions for extracting candlenut seeds, which included using material size in 1.378 cm, microwave power of 599.359 W, and extraction time 66.076 min, resulted yield of 5.015%. Based on experimental data conditions, the highest extraction yield was 5.5% of 1 cm, 600 W, and 60 min, respectively, which were in good agreement with the predicted model. The study concluded that the optimized MHG method could be useful in industrial extraction processes and the use of statistical method can optimize the extraction process and reduce the number of experiments required.</span></p><p><span lang="EN-US"><strong>Keywords: </strong>candlenut, RSM, MHG, yield<br /></span></p>