bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exact rate of accelerated propagation in the Fisher-KPP equation with nonlocal diffusion and free boundaries
Authors: Du Yihong , Ni Wenjie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAccelerated propagation is a new phenomenon associated with nonlocal diffusion problems. In this paper, we determine the exact rate of accelerated propagation in the Fisher-KPP equation with nonlocal diffusion and free boundaries, where the nonlocal diffusion operator is given by $$\displaystyle \int _{\mathbb {R}}J(x-y)u(t,y)dy-u(t,x)$$

∫
R

J

(
x
-
y
)

u

(
t
,
y
)

d
y
-
u

(
t
,
x
)

, and the kernel function J(x) behaves like a power function near infinity, namely $$\lim _{|x|\rightarrow \infty } J(x)|x|^{\alpha }=\lambda >0$$

lim

|
x
|
→
∞

J

(
x
)

|
x
|

α

=
λ
>
0

for some $$\alpha \in (1,2]$$

α
∈
(
1
,
2
]

. This is the precise range of $$\alpha $$
α
where accelerated spreading can happen for such kernels. By constructing subtle upper and lower solutions, we prove that the location of the free boundaries $$x=h(t)$$

x
=
h
(
t
)

and $$x=g(t)$$

x
=
g
(
t
)

goes to infinity at exactly the following rates: $$\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \displaystyle \lim _{t\rightarrow \infty }\frac{h(t)}{t\ln t}=\lim _{t\rightarrow \infty }\frac{-g (t)}{t\ln t}=\mu \lambda ,&{} \hbox { when } \alpha =2,\\ \displaystyle \lim _{t\rightarrow \infty }\frac{h(t)}{ t^{1/(\alpha -1)}}= \lim _{t\rightarrow \infty }\frac{-g (t)}{ t^{1/(\alpha -1)}}=\frac{2^{2-\alpha }}{2-\alpha }\mu \lambda , &{} \hbox { when } \alpha \in (1,2). \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}$$

lim

t
→
∞

h
(
t
)

t
ln
t

=

lim

t
→
∞

-
g
(
t
)

t
ln
t

=
μ
λ
,

when

α
=
2
,

lim

t
→
∞

h
(
t
)

t

1
/
(
α
-
1
)

=

lim

t
→
∞

-
g
(
t
)

t

1
/
(
α
-
1
)

=

2

2
-
α

2
-
α

μ
λ
,

when

α
∈
(
1
,
2
)
.

Here $$\mu >0$$

μ
>
0

is a given parameter in the free boundary condition. Accelerated propagation can also happen when $$\lim _{|x|\rightarrow \infty }J(x)|x|(\ln |x|)^\beta =\lambda >0$$

lim

|
x
|
→
∞

J

(
x
)

|
x
|
(
ln
|
x
|
)

β

=
λ
>
0

for some $$\beta >1$$

β
>
1

. For this case, we prove that $$\begin{aligned} -g (t), h(t)=\exp \Big \{\Big [\Big (\frac{2\beta \mu \lambda }{\beta -1}\Big )^{1/\beta }+o(1)\Big ]t^{1/\beta }\Big \} \hbox { as } t\rightarrow \infty . \end{aligned}$$

-
g

(
t
)

,
h

(
t
)

=
exp

{

[

(

2
β
μ
λ

β
-
1

)

1
/
β

+
o

(
1
)

]

t

1
/
β

}

as

t
→
∞
.

These results considerably sharpen the corresponding ones in [20], and the techniques developed here open the door for obtaining similar precise results for other problems. A crucial technical point is that such precise conclusions on the propagation are achievable by finding the correct improvements on the form of the lower solutions used in [20], even though the precise long-time profile of the density function u(t, x) is still lacking.
Direct comparison and reproducibility of two segmentation methods for multicompartment dosimetry: round robin study on radioembolization treatment planning in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lam Marnix , Garin Etienne , Palard-Novello Xavier , Mahvash Armeen , Kappadath Cheenu , Haste Paul , Tann Mark , Herrmann Ken , Barbato Francesco , Geller Brian , Schaefer Niklaus , Denys Alban , Dreher Matthew , Fowers Kirk D. , Gates Vanessa , Salem Riad 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Investigate reproducibility of two segmentation methods for multicompartment dosimetry, including normal tissue absorbed dose (NTAD) and tumour absorbed dose (TAD), in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with yttrium-90 (90Y) glass microspheres.

Methods
TARGET was a retrospective investigation in 209 patients with < 10 tumours per lobe and at least one tumour ≥ 3 cm ± portal vein thrombosis. Dosimetry was compared using two distinct segmentation methods: anatomic (CT/MRI-based) and count threshold-based on pre-procedural 99mTc-MAA SPECT. In a round robin substudy in 20 patients with ≤ 5 unilobar tumours, the inter-observer reproducibility of eight reviewers was evaluated by computing reproducibility coefficient (RDC) of volume and absorbed dose for whole liver, whole liver normal tissue, perfused normal tissue, perfused liver, total perfused tumour, and target lesion. Intra-observer reproducibility was based on second assessments in 10 patients ≥ 2 weeks later.

Results
99mTc-MAA segmentation calculated higher absorbed doses compared to anatomic segmentation (n = 209), 43.9% higher for TAD (95% limits of agreement [LoA]: − 49.0%, 306.2%) and 21.3% for NTAD (95% LoA: − 67.6%, 354.0%). For the round robin substudy (n = 20), inter-observer reproducibility was better for anatomic (RDC range: 1.17 to 3.53) than 99mTc-MAA SPECT segmentation (1.29 to 7.00) and similar between anatomic imaging modalities (CT: 1.09 to 3.56; MRI: 1.24 to 3.50). Inter-observer reproducibility was better for larger volumes. Perfused normal tissue volume RDC was 1.95 by anatomic and 3.19 by 99mTc-MAA SPECT, with corresponding absorbed dose RDC 1.46 and 1.75. Total perfused tumour volume RDC was higher, 2.92 for anatomic and 7.0 by 99mTc-MAA SPECT with corresponding absorbed dose RDC of 1.84 and 2.78. Intra-observer variability was lower for perfused NTAD (range: 14.3 to 19.7 Gy) than total perfused TAD (range: 42.8 to 121.4 Gy).

Conclusion
Anatomic segmentation-based dosimetry, versus 99mTc-MAA segmentation, results in lower absorbed doses with superior reproducibility. Higher volume compartments, such as normal tissue versus tumour, exhibit improved reproducibility.
Trial registration: NCT03295006.
A Prospective Study of the Effect of Gastroduodenal Artery Reconstruction on Duodenal Oxygenation and Enzyme Content After Pancreas Transplantation
Authors: Offerni Juliano C. M. , Ai Li Erica , Rasmussen Andrew , Xie Wen Y. , Levine Max A. , Murkin John , McAlister Vivian C. , Luke Patrick P. , Sener Alp 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhole pancreas transplantation provides durable glycemic control and can improve survival rate; however, it can carry an increased risk of surgical complications. One devastating complication is a duodenal leak at the site of enteroenteric anastomosis. The gastroduodenal artery (GDA) supplies blood to the donor duodenum and pancreas but is commonly ligated during procurement. Since we have not had expressive changes in pancreatic back table surgical techniques in the recent decades, we hypothesized whether back table GDA reconstruction, improving perfusion of the donor duodenum and head of the pancreas, could lead to fewer surgical complications in simultaneous pancreas‐kidney (SPK) transplants.Material and MethodsBetween 2017 and 2021, we evaluated demographic information, postoperative complications, intraoperative donor duodenum, recipient bowel O2 tissue saturation, and patient morbidity through the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI®).ResultsA total of 26 patients were included: 13 underwent GDA reconstruction (GDA‐R), and 13 had GDA ligation (GDA‐L). There were no pancreatic leaks in the GR group compared to 38% (5/13) in the GDA‐L group (p = 0.03913). Intraoperative tissue oxygen saturation was higher in the GDA‐R group than in the GDA‐L (95.18 vs.76.88%, p < 0,001). We observed an increase in transfusion rate in GDA‐R (p < 0.05), which did not result in a higher rate of exploration (p = 0.38). CCI® patient morbidity was also significantly lower in the GDA‐R group (s < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study identified improved intraoperative duodenal tissue oxygen saturation in the GDA‐R group with an associated reduction in pancreatic leaks and CCI® morbidity risk. A larger prospective multicenter study comparing the two methods is warranted.
The speed of invasion in an advancing population
Authors: Bovier Anton , Hartung Lisa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe derive rigorous estimates on the speed of invasion of an advantageous trait in a spatially advancing population in the context of a system of one-dimensional F-KPP equations. The model was introduced and studied heuristically and numerically in a paper by Venegas-Ortiz et al. (Genetics 196:497–507, 2014). In that paper, it was noted that the speed of invasion by the mutant trait is faster when the resident population is expanding in space compared to the speed when the resident population is already present everywhere. We use the Feynman–Kac representation to provide rigorous estimates that confirm these predictions.
The relationship between pain and depression and anxiety in patients with inflammatory arthritis: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Cox Natasha , Hawarden Ashley , Bajpai Ram , Farooq Saeed , Twohig Helen , Muller Sara , Scott Ian C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPain is a major challenge for patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA). Depression and anxiety are common comorbidities in IA, associating with worse outcomes. How they relate to pain is uncertain, with existing systematic reviews (a) mainly considering cross-sectional studies, (b) focusing on the relationship between pain and mental health in the context of disease activity/quality of life, and (c) not specifically considering the impact of treating depression/anxiety on pain. This PROSPERO-registered (CRD42023411823) systematic review will address this knowledge-gap by synthesizing evidence to summarise the associations (and potential mediators) between pain and depression/anxiety and evaluate the impact of treating co-morbid depression/anxiety on pain in IA. Relevant databases will be searched, articles screened and their quality appraised (using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools) by two reviewers. Eligible studies will include adults with rheumatoid arthritis or spondyloarthritis, be a clinical trial or observational study, and either (a) report the relationship between pain and depression/anxiety (observational studies/baseline trials), or (b) randomise participants to a pharmacological or psychological treatment to manage depression/anxiety with a pain outcome as an endpoint (trials). To synthesise data on the association between pain and depression/anxiety, where available adjusted coefficients from regression models will be pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis. A synthesis without meta-analysis will summarise mediators. To evaluate the impact of treating depression/anxiety on pain, endpoint mean differences between treatment arms will be combined in a random-effects meta-analysis. Through understanding how depression/anxiety contribute to pain in IA, our review has the potential to help optimise approaches to IA pain.
Catheter based left atrial appendage closure in-hospital outcomes in Germany from 2016 to 2020
Authors: Maier Alexander , Kaier Klaus , Heidt Timo , Westermann Dirk , von zur Mühlen Constantin , Grundmann Sebastian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
New and refined catheter based left atrial appendage (LAA) closure devices have been introduced in the past decade. The procedure can be performed using either an endocardial occlusion device or an epicardial loop stitch. We aimed to analyzed recent procedural safety.

Methods
Catheter based LAA closures were identified in a complete nationwide German dataset via ICD and OPS codes from 2016 to 2020.

Results
From 2016 to 2020, 28,039 endocardial and 213 epicardial occlusions were performed. Numbers of endocardial procedures increased from 5259 in 2016 to 5917 in 2020 (p = 0.020) in 387 centers with shifting of patients’ characteristics towards older age (β = 0.29, p < 0.001), more heart failure (β = 1.01, p < 0.001) and renal disease (β = 0.67, p = 0.001) and without a significant trend for in-hospital safety except more bleeding (β = 0.12, p = 0.05). In-hospital major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) or pericardial puncture were independent on center procedure numbers.
The loop stitch procedure was performed in 15 centers. Patients were younger (76.17 ± 8.16 vs. 73.16 ± 8.99, p < 0.001) and had a lower comorbidity index (2.29 ± 1.93 vs. 1.92 ± 1.64, p = 0.005). Adjusted risk difference for pericardial effusion (8.04%; 95% CI 3.01–13.08%; p = 0.002) and pericardial puncture (6.60%; 95% CI 3.85–9.35%; p < 0.001) was higher for the loop stitch procedure, while risk of bleeding (− 1.85%; 95% CI − 3.01 to − 0.69%; p = 0.002), intracerebral bleeding (− 0.37%; 95% CI − 0.59 to − 0.15%; p = 0.001) and shock (− 1.41%; 95% CI − 2.44 to − 0.39%; p = 0.007) was lower. No significant difference was observed for in-hospital MACCE.

Conclusions
Endocardial occlusion was the major catheter based LAA closure procedure in Germany without improvements in in-hospital safety from 2016 to 2020. In-hospital MACCE was independent on endocardial LAAC center volumes. Conclusions on the comparison between the two procedure types must be made cautious as the LAA loop stitch occlusion was utilized limited in a minor number of centers.

Graphical abstract
Catheter based left atrial appendage closure in-hospital outcomes in Germany from 2016 to 2020
Development and implementation of a student tumor board as a teaching format for medical students
Authors: Mäurer Irina , Drescher Robert , Hammersen Jakob , Dieckmann Nora , Gremme Yvonne , Sturm Max-Johann , McLean Aaron Lawson , McLean Anna C. Lawson , Senft Christian , Wittig Andrea , Klingner Caroline , von Sass Christiane , Mäurer Matthias , Kamp Marcel A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Tumor boards serve as established platforms for interdisciplinary expert discussions and therapeutic recommendations tailored to individual patient characteristics. Despite their significance, medical students often lack exposure to such interdisciplinary discussions as tumor boards are currently not integrated into medical curricula. To address this, we aimed to enhance future physicians' interdisciplinary communication skills and subject-specific knowledge by introducing an interactive series of five linked tumor board seminars within the domain of neuro-oncology.

Methods
We developed a neuro-oncological student tumor board using a flipped-classroom format. The primary objectives of this case-centered approach included fostering an understanding of the tumor board process, active participation in multidisciplinary case discussions, honing appropriate communication strategies, and creating personalized therapy plans that consider inputs from all relevant disciplines, individual patient factors, and ethical considerations. To gauge the effectiveness of the seminar series, we administered structured pre- and post-course questionnaires.

Results
Fourteen medical students in third to fifth year participated in the pilot series. Despite its organizational complexity, the interdisciplinary seminars were feasible. Students demonstrated significant growth in competence, aligned with predefined learning objectives. Notably, they appreciated the supportive learning environment and interactive teaching format, which kindled their interest in interdisciplinary oncology.

Conclusion
Active participation in a student tumor board can empower students to tackle the diverse challenges of caring for cancer patients within an interdisciplinary team during the early stages of their careers. The student tumor board represents an innovative, learner-centered approach to teach interdisciplinary cancer treatment, communication strategies, and ethical aspects of medical practice.
Tadpole morphological characterization of Ranitomeya variabilis (Zimmermann & Zimmermann, 1988) (Anura: Dendrobatidae), with skeleton, muscle system and inner organs
Authors: Regnet Ruth A. , Lukas Paul , Rödder Dennis , Wipfler Benjamin , Solé Mirco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this study, we morphologically examine larval specimens of Ranitomeya variabilis, which were breed in captivity and genetically determined to belong to the French Guiana population. We provide detailed data on the external morphology, chondrocranium, cranial muscle systems and inner organs of the tadpoles. Additionally, we provide essential characteristics for the recognition of the tadpoles of the different Ranitomeya species. The external morphology of the R. variabilis tadpoles was assessed by measurements and photographs of the specimens. Internal morphology was analyzed using µCT images, µCT-based three-dimensional reconstructions, and dissection of specimens for organ and muscle descriptions. The majority of the muscle configurations observed herein for larval specimens of R. variabilis are consistent with data presented in previous studies for larvae of other Ranitomeya species. In addition, several of the observed morphological characters are defined for different taxonomic levels within Dendrobatidae, e.g., the reduction of tectal cartilages and the insertion of the M. rectus cervicis on the third or fourth branchial arch. The absence of the anterolateral process of the ceratohyal in Ranitomeya and Dendrobates further strengthens their close relationship, in contrast to the more distantly related Epipedobates and Phyllobates where this structure is present. The absence of the M. levator arcuum branchialium I and II, the M. interhyoideus posterior and the M. diaphragmatopraecordialis might be defining traits for Ranitomeya. The specific characters observed in this study for R. variabilis, are the fusion of the superficialis and profundus portion of the musculus levator longus larvae and the absence of the parotic crista.
Erkennung transparenter Objekte für die Laborautomatisierung
Authors: Vincze Markus , Weibel Jean-Baptiste , Thalhammer Stefan , Gupta Hrishikesh , Ausserlechner Philipp 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungWährend matte Objekte visuell gut erkannt und mit Robotern gegriffen werden können, stellen transparente Objekte neue Herausforderungen dar. So liefern moderne Farb- und Tiefenbildkameras (RGB-D) keine korrekten Tiefendaten, sondern verzerrte Abbildungen des Hintergrunds. Wir zeigen in diesem Beitrag, welche Methoden geeignet sind, um nur in Farbbildern transparente Objekte zu erkennen und deren Pose zu bestimmen. Mittels eines Robotersystems werden Ansichten des Zielobjekts generiert und annotiert, um Methoden anzulernen und um Daten für die Evaluierung zu erhalten. Wir zeigen auch, dass mittels einer verbesserten Methode zum Einpassen der 3D-Pose eine deutliche Verbesserung der Genauigkeit der Lageschätzung erreicht wird. Dadurch können falsche Erkennungen aussortiert werden und für richtige Erkennungen wird die Genauigkeit der Poseschätzung verbessert. Somit gelingt es, mit einem Roboter transparente Objekte zu greifen.
Inclusive Immersion: a review of efforts to improve accessibility in virtual reality, augmented reality and the metaverse
Authors: Dudley John , Yin Lulu , Garaj Vanja , Kristensson Per Ola 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVirtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) afford new forms of work and leisure. While affordable and effective VR and AR headsets are now available, neither technology has achieved widespread user adoption. However, we predict continual technological advances and cost reductions are likely to lead to wider diffusion in society. Bridging the chasm from the early adopters to the early majority will require careful consideration of the needs of a more casual and diverse user population. In particular, it is desirable to minimise the exclusion of potential users based on their unique needs and maximise the inclusion of users in these novel immersive experiences. Ensuring equitable access to the emerging metaverse further reinforces the need to consider the diverse needs of users. We refer to this objective of maximising the accessibility and enjoyment potential of users of VR, AR and the metaverse as Inclusive Immersion. This paper reviews the research and commercial landscape seeking to address the accessibility needs of users in VR and AR. The survey provides the basis for a synthesis of the emerging strategies for maximising the inclusiveness of VR and AR applications. Finally, we identify several unaddressed accessibility challenges requiring further research attention. Our paper consolidates disparate efforts related to promoting accessible VR and AR and delivers directions for advancing research in this area.
Occurrence and prevalence of Legionella species in dental chair units in Germany with a focus on risk factors
Authors: Optenhövel Marleen , Mellmann Alexander , Kuczius Thorsten 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Water-bearing instruments and treatments in dental units produce aerosols originating from the dental unit waterlines (DUWLs), which are often microbially contaminated. Particularly, the presence of Legionella mainly realized as aerosols leads to a risk of infection in patients and dental staff.

Methods
Here, we record the general bacteriological status of DUWLs in Germany and investigated the prevalence of Legionella spp., with a focus on identification and occurrence of distinct species considering the various aspects of dental practice such as dental chair equipment, disinfection methods, and temperatures.

Results
Out of 3789 water samples of 459 dental practices, collected in the years 2019 and 2020, 36.4% were Legionella positive with predominance of L. anisa (97.89%) identified by MALDI-TOF biotyping. L. pneumophila was detected very rarely. Risk factor analysis revealed that temperatures >20°C are a significant factor for increased Legionella colonization.

Conclusion
In order to minimize the risk of infection, routine monitoring of the water quality in dental chair units is recommended with regard to general microbiological loads and to the presence of Legionella as opportunistic pathogen as well as the regular application of routine disinfection procedures.
Extremal Tensor Products of Demazure Crystals
Authors: Assaf Sami , Dranowski Anne , González Nicolle 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDemazure crystals are subcrystals of highest weight irreducible $$\mathfrak {g}$$
g
-crystals. In this article, we study tensor products of a larger class of subcrystals, called extremal, and give a local characterization for exactly when the tensor product of Demazure crystals is extremal. We then show that tensor products of Demazure crystals decompose into direct sums of Demazure crystals if and only if the tensor product is extremal, thus providing a sufficient and necessary local criterion for when the tensor product of Demazure crystals is itself Demazure. As an application, we show that the primary component in the tensor square of any Demazure crystal is always Demazure.
Are We Ready to Really Hear the Voices of Those Concerned? Lessons Learned from Listening to and Involving Children in Child and Family Psychology Research
Authors: Sarkadi Anna , Thell Maria , Fängström Karin , Dahlberg Anton , Fäldt Anna , Pérez-Aronsson Anna , Warner Georgina , Eriksson Maria 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA changing view of children, accelerated by the Convention of the Rights of the Child (UN in Convention on the rights of the child, UN Doc. A/RES/44/25, 1989, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/pdf/crc.pdf) has shifted the landscape of child and family research over the last few decades. Once viewed with low credibility and operating outside the interpretive framework of adult researchers, the rights-bearing child is increasingly recognized not only as having the capacity but also the right to participate in research. More recently, this movement has transitioned from the direct engagement of children as research participants—now considered commonplace, although less so for those who are structurally vulnerable—to the involvement of children in research design, review, conduct, and dissemination. Yet, both practical and ethical challenges remain. While children have the right to participation, they also have the right to protection. In this commentary, we set out to: (i) lay forth epistemic, child rights, and child sociology arguments for doing research about, with and by children and youth; (ii) recount our own journey of including children and youth in research to demonstrate the unique knowledge and insights gained through these approaches; and (iii) offer lessons learned on how to engage children and youth in research, including the involvement of structurally vulnerable groups.