bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Kazakhstani English Language teacher’s perspective on multilingual practices
Authors: Klyshbekova Maira 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Kazakhstan is now embracing a trilingual education policy through the use of Kazakh, Russian, and English as mediums of instruction. The policy expects multilingual practices from the teachers of content disciplines; however, the same cannot be said for English language teachers. English language teachers are still trapped in English-only practices, making them rely on only the target language when teaching. I, as a Kazakhstani teacher who worked in a trilingual school, decided to challenge this monolingual perspective and try to incorporate multilingual practices into my teaching. In this article, I present my reflections on my past and current teaching beliefs and propose that multilingual practices in the form of pedagogical translanguaging can be seen as legitimate teaching strategies that can be part of ELT classrooms.
Phylogenomic Testing of Root Hypotheses
Authors: Tria Fernando D K , Landan Giddy , Picazo Devani Romero , Dagan Tal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe determination of the last common ancestor (LCA) of a group of species plays a vital role in evolutionary theory. Traditionally, an LCA is inferred by the rooting of a fully resolved species tree. From a theoretical perspective, however, inference of the LCA amounts to the reconstruction of just one branch—the root branch—of the true species tree and should therefore be a much easier task than the full resolution of the species tree. Discarding the reliance on a hypothesized species tree and its rooting leads us to reevaluate what phylogenetic signal is directly relevant to LCA inference and to recast the task as that of sampling the total evidence from all gene families at the genomic scope. Here, we reformulate LCA and root inference in the framework of statistical hypothesis testing and outline an analytical procedure to formally test competing a priori LCA hypotheses and to infer confidence sets for the earliest speciation events in the history of a group of species. Applying our methods to two demonstrative data sets, we show that our inference of the opisthokonta LCA is well in agreement with the common knowledge. Inference of the proteobacteria LCA shows that it is most closely related to modern Epsilonproteobacteria, raising the possibility that it may have been characterized by a chemolithoautotrophic and anaerobic life style. Our inference is based on data comprising between 43% (opisthokonta) and 86% (proteobacteria) of all gene families. Approaching LCA inference within a statistical framework renders the phylogenomic inference powerful and robust.
Streptococcus pyogenes Colonization in Children Aged 24–59 Months in the Gambia: Impact of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine and Associated Serological Responses
Authors: Keeley Alexander J , Groves Danielle , Armitage Edwin P , Senghore Elina , Jagne Ya Jankey , Sallah Hadijatou J , Drammeh Sainabou , Angyal Adri , Hornsby Hailey , de Crombrugghe Gabrielle , Smeesters Pierre R , Rossi Omar , Carducci Martina , Peno Chikondi , Bogaert Debby , Kampmann Beate , Marks Michael , Shaw Helen A , Turner Claire R , de Silva Thushan I 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Immunity to Streptococcus pyogenes in high burden settings is poorly understood. We explored S. pyogenes nasopharyngeal colonization after intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) among Gambian children aged 24–59 months, and resulting serological response to 7 antigens.

Methods
A post hoc analysis was performed in 320 children randomized to receive LAIV at baseline (LAIV group) or not (control). S. pyogenes colonization was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) on nasopharyngeal swabs from baseline (day 0), day 7, and day 21. Anti-streptococcal IgG was quantified, including a subset with paired serum before/after S. pyogenes acquisition.

Results
The point prevalence of S. pyogenes colonization was 7%–13%. In children negative at day 0, S. pyogenes was detected at day 7 or 21 in 18% of LAIV group and 11% of control group participants (P = .12). The odds ratio (OR) for colonization over time was significantly increased in the LAIV group (day 21 vs day 0 OR, 3.18; P = .003) but not in the control group (OR, 0.86; P = .79). The highest IgG increases following asymptomatic colonization were seen for M1 and SpyCEP proteins.

Conclusions
Asymptomatic S. pyogenes colonization appears modestly increased by LAIV, and may be immunologically significant. LAIV could be used to study influenza-S. pyogenes interactions.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT02972957.
The Role of Introgression During the Radiation of Endemic Fishes Adapted to Living at Extreme Altitudes in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Qian Yuting , Meng Minghui , Zhou Chaowei , Liu Haiping , Jiang Haifeng , Xu Youwei , Chen Wenjun , Ding Zufa , Liu Yang , Gong Xiong , Wang Cheng , Lei Yi , Wang Tai , Wang Ying , Gan Xiaoni , Meyer Axel , He Shunping , Yang Liandong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Recent genomic analyses of evolutionary radiations suggest that ancient introgression may facilitate rapid diversification and adaptive radiation. The loach genus Triplophysa, a genus with most species endemic to Tibetan Plateau, shows ecological diversity and rapid evolution and represents a potential example of adaptive radiation linked to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Here, we interrogate the complex evolutionary history of Triplophysa fishes through the analysis of whole-genome sequences. By reconstructing the phylogeny of Triplophysa, quantifying introgression across this clade, and simulating speciation and migration processes, we confirm that extensive gene flow events occurred across disparate Triplophysa species. Our results suggest that introgression plays a more substantial role than incomplete lineage sorting in underpinning phylogenetic discordance in Triplophysa. The results also indicate that genomic regions affected by ancient gene flow exhibit characteristics of lower recombination rates and nucleotide diversity and may associate with selection. Simulation analysis of Triplophysa tibetana suggests that the species may have been affected by the Gonghe Movement in the third uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, resulting in founder effects and a subsequent reduction in Ne.
Fluoroquinolone Use Among Hospitalized Children: Diagnosis-Based Stratification to Identify Stewardship Targets
Authors: Parzen-Johnson Simon , Sun Shan , Scardina Tonya , Patel Sameer J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
As FQ (fluoroquinolone) use has shifted in pediatric populations, better metrics are needed to guide targeted antibiotic stewardship interventions and limit development of adverse events and resistance, particularly in medically complex children. In this study, we identify high-utilization groups based on underlying medical conditions and describe their relative FQ use over time.

Methods
This study is a retrospective analysis of data from the Pediatric Health Information System database from 2016 to 2020. We identify high-utilization groups based on underlying medical conditions using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth or Tenth Revision codes. We delineate overall trends in the use of FQs in the inpatient setting, including rate and proportional use by each patient group.

Results
Patients with an oncology diagnosis represent a large (25%–44%) and rising proportion (+4.8%/year, P = .001) of national FQ use over the study period. Patients with intra-abdominal infections, including appendicitis, have had a significant increase in both their relative proportional use of FQs (+0.6%/year, P = .037) and proportion of FQ use per admission encounter over the study period (+0.6%/year, P = .008). Patients with cystic fibrosis represent a decreasing proportion of overall use (−2.1%/year, P = .011) and have decreasing FQ use per inpatient encounter (−0.8%/year, P = .001).

Conclusions
Patients with an oncology diagnosis and patients with an intra-abdominal infection appear to be targets for FQ stewardship. Patients with cystic fibrosis have decreasing inpatient FQ use.
Key Points: This study describes fluoroquinolone use among hospitalized children from 2016 to 2020, stratified by underlying diagnoses. These trends are used to identify high-yield antibiotic stewardship targets.
Coupling of light and nutrients affects Microcystis gas vesicle content at different depths
Authors: Wu Tianhao , Wang Cai , Cao Jing , Hou Zeying , Chu Zhaosheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Lakes are important water resources for human beings, but Microcystis blooms pose a serious threat to drinking water security and aquatic ecosystems. Gas vesicles (GVs) are an important trigger for the occurrence of Microcystis blooms. To understand the effects of light and nutrients on GV content, the phytoplankton in Lake Erhai were investigated. The results showed that the average GV content in the surface water was higher than that in the deep water. The total nitrogen in water affected the GV content by limiting the protein content, and the content of GVs increased by 9.2 μm3/cell for each 1.0 pg/cell increase in the intracellular nitrogen content. Moreover, light and total phosphorus affected the GV content in deep water by limiting the energy supply, and the content of GVs increased by 52.4 μm3/cell for each 1.0 pg/cell increase in the intracellular phosphorus content. These results indicate that for lakes with low transparency, decreasing the total phosphorus concentration can reduce the GV content. Reducing the total nitrogen concentration can reduce the GV content and decrease the dominance of Microcystis in all lakes. This study provides useful information for the control of Microcystis.
What happened when medical staff in Beijing, China wore over-apron dosemeters?
Authors: Cui Limeng , Tian Qingxiang , Feng Zechen , Ma Yongzhong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The wearing method of personal dosemeters for medical staff changed from under to outside the operator’s protective apron in April 2020. We measured the radiation dose Hp(10) for medical staff in Beijing from September 2020 to October 2021. The study population consisted of 3291 medical staff. All participants were divided into three groups. After excluding unusually low doses, the collected data higher than the detection limit involved 811 (7.8%) of 10 395 readings from 479 (14.6%) of 3291 staff. The mean equivalent dose was 1.4 mSv/3 months, with an SD of 2.3 mSv. The calculated average annual effective doses of radiation workers in the three groups after the interventional procedures from September 2020 to October 2021 ranged from 0.47 to 0.63 mSv/year, with median values of 0.32, 0.23 and 0.26 mSv/year, respectively.
0238 Neighborhood Determinants of Sleep and the Moderating Role of Cultural Factors Among American Indian and Alaska Native Adolescents
Authors: Mousavi Zahra Avah , Troxel Wendy , Dickerson Daniel , Dong Lu , Brown Ryan , Palimaru Alina , Klein David , Johnson Carrie , D’Amico Elizabeth 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Increasing evidence suggests the neighborhood social environment may be an important predictor of sleep, yet this has not been explored among urban American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adolescents, a population that faces significant health disparities due to exposure to historic and contemporary stressors. This study aimed to examine the association between neighborhood social environment and sleep among Native adolescents as well as the moderating role of cultural factors in this association.

Methods
The sample included 133 AI/AN adolescents (age 12 to 16) residing in urban settings in California (57.1% female, Mage=14.03, SDage=1.35). Perceived neighborhood social environment included safety and cohesion. Perceived cultural factors included identification with Native culture (e.g., I feel a strong attachment towards my tribal group) and historical loss (e.g., Losing our culture). Sleep duration, efficiency, and wake after sleep onset (WASO) were measured via actigraphy. Subjective sleep disturbance was measured via questionnaire. Age, sex, mother’s education, depression, anxiety, and body mass index (BMI) were included as covariates.

Results
Greater neighborhood safety was significantly associated with lower sleep disturbance (b = -2.17, SE = .8, p = .008), higher sleep efficiency (b = -2.17, SE = .8, p = .008), and lower WASO (b = -2.17, SE = .8, p = .008), even after covariate adjustment. Neighborhood cohesion was not associated with any sleep outcomes. Cultural factors moderated the association between neighborhood social environment and sleep outcomes (p’s&lt;.05 for moderation). Specifically, both neighborhood safety and cohesion predicted lower sleep disturbance only among individuals with greater cultural identity. Further, neighborhood safety predicted greater sleep efficiency and lower WASO only among individuals with greater historical loss.

Conclusion
Findings from this study move the field forward in understanding sleep health among AI/AN adolescents and address the moderating role of culture between neighborhood environment and sleep. The association between neighborhood social environment and sleep outcomes was more robust for urban AI/AN adolescents who more strongly identified with their Native culture and who reported thinking about historical loss more frequently. Research should consider intersecting aspects of social context in predicting sleep outcomes, particularly among groups that face sleep and other health disparities.

Support (if any)
0587 Demographic Characteristics and Comorbidities of Patients With Narcolepsy: A Propensity Score–Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Lipford Melissa , Ip Wui , Awasthi Samir , Moore J Layne , Tippmann-Peikert Maja , Asfahan Shahir , Singh Gajinder Pal , Gudeman Jennifer 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Narcolepsy is a rare, chronic sleep disorder whose symptoms detrimentally impact quality of life. Narcolepsy has a complex phenotype associated with multiple comorbid conditions. This is the first study to use aggregate electronic health record (EHR) data to characterize the demographics and comorbidities of patients with narcolepsy.

Methods
An EHR-based search identified first-time Mayo Clinic patients between 2000–2020. Included patients had ≥1 narcolepsy-specific ICD-9/10 code and ≥1 disease-supportive statement in the clinical notes (identified using a natural language processing algorithm). A control cohort was propensity-matched for birth year, age at first institutional encounter, sex, race, ethnicity, number of diagnosis codes, and mortality. Common comorbidities were compared and ranked between cohorts by odds ratio (OR); P values were adjusted and calculated based on Bonferroni correction.

Results
In the EHR database (N=6,389,186 patients), 2057 patients with narcolepsy were identified (median age at first presentation to Mayo clinic, 32 y [range, 17–48]; 59.6% female; 92.6% white; 89.2% non-Hispanic) and propensity-matched with a control cohort of 2057 patients (median age at first presentation to Mayo clinic, 35 y [range, 12–52]; 58.9% female; 94.6% white; 84.5% non-Hispanic). Among the top comorbidities that occurred more frequently in the narcolepsy cohort compared to the control cohort (OR [95% CI]; P&lt; 0.001]) were sleep disorders (restless leg syndrome, 3.94 [3.09–5.02]; obstructive sleep apnea, 3.27 [2.83–3.79]; insomnia, 1.84 [1.57–2.17]); mood disorders (depression, 2.11 [1.86-2.40]; dysthymia, 1.86 [1.54–2.25]; anxiety, 1.67 [1.46–1.89]); and pain disorders (chronic pain syndrome, 2.20 [1.76–2.76]; migraine, 1.96 [1.66–2.31]; fibromyalgia, 1.90 [1.61–2.25]; carpal tunnel syndrome, 1.80 [1.46–2.22]; myalgia, 1.69 [1.45–1.97]). Other comorbidities statistically significantly associated with narcolepsy were (OR range, 1.33–1.95) irritable bowel syndrome (P&lt; 0.001), asthma (P&lt; 0.001), cervical spondylosis (P&lt; 0.01), syncope (P&lt; 0.01), and hypothyroidism (P&lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
This propensity-matched cohort study affirmed prior studies of increased psychiatric and sleep disorders in patients with narcolepsy. Narcolepsy patients were twice as likely to experience chronic pain syndrome compared to the matched control group. Understanding common narcolepsy comorbidities may help optimize treatment efficacy and increase understanding of the medical/psychiatric challenges of narcolepsy patients.

Support (if any)
Avadel Pharmaceuticals
0634 An RCT of Brief CBT for Insomnia among Primary Care Patients with Suicidal Ideation
Authors: Pigeon Wilfred , Crean Hugh , Bishop Todd , Cross Wendi , Youngren Westely , Funderburk Jennifer 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
There is an established association between insomnia and suicide. As with many conditions, the preponderance of patients with either insomnia or with suicidal ideation (SI) are seen in primary care settings. Brief forms of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (bCBTi) have been delivered in primary care including to patients with mental health conditions. We sought to test the efficacy of bCBTi among primary care insomnia patients endorsing SI.

Methods
A sample of 194 participants endorsing SI and meeting criteria for insomnia disorder along with depression and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were randomly assigned to receive either four weekly sessions of bCBTi (n=98) or Sleep Hygiene (n=96). Participants engaged in suicide safety planning or a review of their existing safety plan. To be consistent with the primary care milieu, intervention sessions averaged &lt; 30 minutes in duration with all intervention sessions audio-recorded and subjected to fidelity ratings. Outcome measures include the: Insomnia Severity Index (ISI; primary endpoint): Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI); Patient Health Questionnaire-Depression (PHQ-9); and PTSD Symptom Checklist-DSM 5 (PCL-5) administered at baseline and 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30-week follow-ups. Mixed effect analyses will test for linear change in each outcome over time, as well as examining intervention effects on these trajectories. The study also gathers initial data on barriers and facilitators to aid future implementation efforts.

Results
The study sample consists of 194 U.S. Military Veterans with a mean (sd) age of 51.5 (13.7) years, 23% of whom are female, 17% racial minorities and 9% ethnic minorities. Mean baseline values for the outcome measures are: ISI 19.1 (4.1); SSI 3.5 (5.3); PHQ-9 15.2 (5.1); and PCL-5 43.4 (14.3). Data collection will be completed in Spring 2023. In addition to complete enrollment and retention data, we will present results of analyses on primary (ISI) and secondary (SSI, PHQ-9, PCL-5) outcomes across all time points.

Conclusion
This randomized trial was designed to establish the feasibility and effectiveness of treating insomnia in primary care environments as a suicide prevention strategy while gathering data to facilitate implementation if the findings warrant.

Support (if any)
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research & Develpment (I01 HX002183)
Spectrum of Liver Pathology in Dyskeratosis Congenita
Authors: Putra Juan , Agarwal Suneet , Al-Ibraheemi Alyaa , Alomari Ahmad I. , Perez-Atayde Antonio R. 
Published: May 2023

Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare multisystemic disorder associated with defective telomere maintenance. Frequent clinical manifestations of DC include reticular skin pigmentation, dystrophic nails, oral leukoplakia, and bone marrow failure. Hepatic disturbances are reported to occur in 7% of DC patients. This study aimed to evaluate the histopathologic spectrum of hepatic involvement in this disorder. DC patients with liver tissue in the pathology database at Boston Children’s Hospital from 1995 to 2022 were identified. Clinical and pathologic information was documented. Thirteen specimens from 11 DC patients were included (M:F = 7:4; median age at the time of liver tissue evaluation: 18 y). DC-associated gene mutations were identified in 9 patients; TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2 (TINF2) was the most frequently represented gene mutation, seen in 4 patients. All patients had bone marrow failure, whereas dystrophic nails, cutaneous abnormal pigmentation, and oral leukoplakia were noted in 73%, 64%, and 55% of patients, respectively. Seven patients underwent bone marrow transplants before biopsy/autopsy (median interval of 45 mo). Histologically, 3 of 4 patients who presented with portal hypertension showed noncirrhotic changes (nodular regenerative hyperplasia and/or obliterative portal venopathy), whereas prominent central and sinusoidal fibrosis was noted in patients with intrahepatic shunting and those showing features of chronic passive congestion. All cases showed hepatocyte anisonucleosis. One patient developed hepatic angiosarcoma, and another 1 had colorectal adenocarcinoma metastatic to the liver. DC patients show heterogeneous histologic findings in their liver. The findings of noncirrhotic portal hypertension, intrahepatic shunting, and angiosarcoma suggest vascular functional/structural pathology as a possible unifying etiology of hepatic manifestations of DC.
Visits to Alberta Emergency Departments for Child Mental Health Concerns During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Newton Amanda S. , Xie Jianling , Wright Bruce , Lategan Conné , Winston Kathleen , Freedman Stephen B. 
Published: May 2023

Objective
We examined emergency department (ED) mental health visit trends by children in relation to periods of school closure and reopening during the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta, Canada.

Methods
Mental health visits by school-aged children (5 to <18 years) were extracted from the Emergency Department Information System, a province-wide database, from March 11, 2020, to November 30, 2021 (pandemic period; n = 18,997) and March 1, 2019, to March 10, 2020 (1-year, prepandemic comparator period; n = 11,540). We calculated age-specific visit rates and compared rate differences between periods of school closure (March 15–June 30, 2020; November 30, 2020–January 10, 2021; April 22–June 30, 2021) and reopening (September 4–November 29, 2020; January 11–April 21, 2021; September 3–November 30, 2021) to matched prepandemic periods. We used a ratio of relative risk to examine the risk of a visit during closures versus reopenings.

Results
The cohort included 11,540 prepandemic visits and 18,997 pandemic visits. Compared with prepandemic periods, ED visit rates increased across all ages during the first (+85.53%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 73.68% to 100.41%) and third (+19.92%; 95% CI, 13.28% to 26.95%) school closures, and decreased during the second closure (−15.37%; 95% CI, −22.22% to −7.92%). During school reopenings, visit rates decreased across all ages during the first reopening (−9.30%; 95% CI, −13.94% to −4.41%) and increased during the third reopening (+13.59%; 95% CI, 8.13% to 19.34%); rates did not change significantly during the second reopening (2.54%; 95% CI, −3.45% to 8.90%). The risk of a visit during school closure versus reopening was only higher for the first closure with 2.06 times the risk (95% CI, 1.88 to 2.25).

Conclusions
Emergency department mental health visit rates were highest during the first school closure of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the risk of a visit during this closure period was twice compared with when schools first reopened.