bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transpulmonary amino acid metabolism in the sugen hypoxia model of pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Philip Nicolas , Pi Hongyang , Gadkari Mahin , Yun Xin , Huetsch John , Zhang Cissy , Harlan Robert , Roux Aurelie , Graham David , Shimoda Larissa , Le Anne , Visovatti Scott , Leary Peter J. , Gharib Sina A. , Simpson Catherine , Santhanam Lakshmi , Steppan Jochen , Suresh Karthik 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), emerging evidence suggests that metabolic abnormalities may be contributing to cellular dysfunction in PAH. Metabolic abnormalities such as glycolytic shift have been observed intracellularly in several cell types in PAH, including microvacular endothelial cells (MVECs). Concurrently, metabolomics of human PAH samples has also revealed a variety of metabolic abnormalities; however the relationship between the intracellular metabolic abnormalities and the serum metabolome in PAH remains under investigation. In this study, we utilize the sugen/hypoxia (SuHx) rodent model of PAH to examine the RV, LV and MVEC intracellular metabolome (using targeted metabolomics) in normoxic and SuHx rats. We additionally validate key findings from our metabolomics experiments with data obtained from cell culture of normoxic and SuHx MVECs, as well as metabolomics of human serum samples from two different PAH patient cohorts. Taken together, our data, spanning rat serum, human serum and primary isolated rat MVECs reveal that: (1) key classes of amino acids (specifically, branched chain amino acids—BCAA) are lower in the pre‐capillary (i.e., RV) serum of SuHx rats (and humans); (2) intracellular amino acid levels (in particular BCAAs) are increased in SuHx‐MVECs; (3) there may be secretion rather than utilization of amino acids across the pulmonary microvasculature in PAH and (4) an oxidized glutathione gradient is present across the pulmonary vasculature, suggesting a novel fate for increased glutamine uptake (i.e., as a source of glutathione). in MVECs in PAH. In summary, these data reveal new insight into the shifts in amino acid metabolism occurring across the pulmonary circulation in PAH.
Environmental justice: An evolving concept in a dynamic era
Authors: Knoble Charles , Yu Danlin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStudies of environmental justice in the United States started more than four decades ago when an African American dominant community was chosen as the site of a hazardous landfill. Many works have emerged since then, evolving around the concepts of distribution justice, representation justice, and recognition justice. Scholars attempt to address the environmental justice topic from a wide range of angles with multiple modern research methods. As an important aspect of sustainable development, we conducted a literature review in an attempt to summarize the progress of environmental justice studies in recent years. Under the broad framework of sustainable development, we investigate the origin of environmental justice studies, the traditional and modern approaches scholars applied to investigate the subject, and the applications of the concepts in recent years, especially in the era of a global pandemic. We also explore the application of environmental justice in recent planning practices. The purposes of the study are to further exploration of environmental justice, and analyze theories and explanations on what causes environmental justice and injustice. This study will pave a way for future advancements in sustainability science that will provide new opportunities and tools to be used by academics, policymakers, and urban planners alike.
The Hairdex Quality of Life Instrument—A Translation and Psychometric Validation in Patients with Alopecia Areata
Authors: Fhager Johan , Svensson Åke , Örmon Karin , Fischer Tobias W. , Sjöström Karin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
The German Hairdex quality of life (QoL) instrument is specific to hair and scalp diseases, developed for self-rating and consists of 48 statements divided into five domains: Symptoms, Functioning, Emotions, Self-confidence and Stigmatisation. There was a need of a Swedish reliability tested, validated hair and scalp specific QoL instrument why the German Hairdex was chosen to be translated and reliability tested in a systematic way.

Objectives
To make a translation, a reliability test of stability, and validation of the German Hairdex QoL instrument among 100 Swedish patients with a dermatological ICD-10 diagnosis of alopecia areata (AA).

Methods
An eight-step method by Gudmundsson was used as a model with a forward and backward translation and with comments from an expert panel. A statistical test–retest (ICC (2,1)) analysis was made, followed by an internal consistency analysis. A comparison between the German and Swedish Hairdex-S constructs by a principal component analysis was performed.

Results
The Hairdex-S was very well accepted by patients. The ICC(2,1) test–retest showed a good to excellent correlation of 0.91 (CI [0.85–0.95]). Internal consistency was α = 0.92. Like the original Hairdex, Hairdex-S showed good factorability with a Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure of 0.82 and with one component explaining 70% of the variance: original Hairdex instrument (69%). When tested on patients with AA, the domains Functioning and Emotions had the strongest loadings, followed by Stigmatisation and Self-confidence. Younger AA patients at self-assessment and patients who reported to be younger at the onset of AA, scored statistically significantly higher on the Hairdex-S, indicating an overall lower QoL on domains Emotions and Functioning, respectively.

Conclusions
The Hairdex-S is very well accepted by AA patients, shows very good psychometric properties, and a very good agreement with the original Hairdex. The Swedish Hairdex instrument can be recommended for evaluation of patients QoL as well as for research purposes.
A Facile Synthesis of BiO(ClBr)0.5−x/2Ix Microsphere Assembly as High‐efficiency Visible‐light Driven Photocatalyst
Authors: Thi Lan Nguyen , Huu Ha Tran , Ngoc Tri Nguyen , Phan Thi Thuy Trang , Vuong Nguyen Minh , Van Thang Nguyen , Dinh Thanh Khan , Tan Lam Nguyen , Vo Vien 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUsing a facile refluxing synthesis, a series of BiO(ClBr)0.5−x/2Ix solid solutions was prepared and applied as photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants. The synthesized solid solutions crystallized in microspheres are constructed by nanoplates which transform into nanosheets for increasing iodine ions contents. Furthermore, introducing iodine ions significantly decreased the optical bandgap of the obtained solid solutions. The photocatalytic activity of these samples over the degradation of Rhodamine B indicates the highest performance of the solid‐solution at x=0.2 with a decomposition efficiency of 92.6 % for 120 mins of reaction under the light emission diode (LED) irradiation which is much higher than that of pure sample and BiOCl0.5Br0.5. This enhancement in photocatalytic performance was attributed to the effective separation of photo‐induced electron‐hole pairs.
Computational and Retrosynthetic Investigation of Isoxazole‐Bearing Chalcones as Antioxidant Activate Compounds
Authors: Moukhliss Youness , Koubi Yassine , Alaqarbeh Marwa , Muzzammel Rehman Hafiz , Maghat Hamid , Sbai Abdelouahid , Bouachrine Mohammed , Lakhlifi Tahar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPeroxiredoxin 5 (1HD2) is an antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes the decrease of peroxide, and act as a regulator of Redox signaling. It is a potential target for working on new antioxidants. 3D‐QSAR method was applied to a set of isoxazoles by using the comparative analysis of molecular fields (CoMFA and CoMSIA). Five new drug candidates (Pr1–Pr5) have been proposed. The study of the interactions between the drug candidate and antioxidant receptor 1HD2 was done by molecular docking. The results of the ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) showed that these drug candidates are orally bioavailable and have high gastrointestinal absorption and good permeability. Molecular dynamics was used at 100 ns to study the stability of the MA‐1HD2 and Pr5‐1HD2 complexes obtained after molecular docking. Using the retrosynthesis approach, we have proposed a pathway for synthesizing the drug candidates. This study provides useful information on the antioxidant activity of isoxazole‐based compounds.
Randomly Disassembled Nanostructure for Wide Angle Light Extraction of Top‐Emitting Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: An Kunsik , Kim Chaewon , Kim Sunkuk , Lee Taesoo , Shin Dongyeol , Lim Jaemin , Hahm Donghyo , Bae Wan Ki , Kim Jun Young , Kwak Jeonghun , Kim Jaehoon , Kang Kyung‐Tae 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe quantum dot light‐emitting diode (QLED) represents one of the strongest display technologies and has unique advantages like a shallow emission spectrum and superior performance based on the cumulative studies of state‐of‐the‐art quantum dot (QD) synthesis and interfacial engineering. However, research on managing the device's light extraction has been lacking compared to the conventional LED field. Moreover, relevant studies on top‐emitting QLEDs (TE‐QLEDs) have been severely lacking compared to bottom‐emitting QLEDs (BE‐QLEDs). This paper demonstrates a novel light extraction structure called the randomly disassembled nanostructure (RaDiNa). The RaDiNa is formed by detaching polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film from a ZnO nanorod (ZnO NR) layer and laying it on top of the TE‐QLED. The RaDiNa‐attached TE‐QLED shows significantly widened angular‐dependent electroluminescence (EL) intensities over the pristine TE‐QLED, confirming the effective light extraction capability of the RaDiNa layer. Consequently, the optimized RaDiNa‐attached TE‐QLED achieves enhanced external quantum efficiency (EQE) over the reference device by 60%. For systematic analyses, current–voltage–luminance (J–V–L) characteristics are investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical simulation based on COMSOL Multiphysics. It is believed that this study's results provide essential information for the commercialization of TE‐QLEDs.
Bioinspired Aerogel with Vertically Ordered Channels and Low Water Evaporation Enthalpy for High‐Efficiency Salt‐Rejecting Solar Seawater Desalination and Wastewater Purification
Authors: Wang Zhong‐Yi , Zhu Ying‐Jie , Chen Yu‐Qiao , Yu Han‐Ping , Xiong Zhi‐Chao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSolar energy‐driven water evaporation is a promising sustainable strategy to purify seawater and contaminated water. However, developing solar evaporators with high water evaporation rates and excellent salt resistance still faces a great challenge. Herein, inspired by the long‐range ordered structure and water transportation capability of lotus stem, a biomimetic aerogel with vertically ordered channels and low water evaporation enthalpy for high‐efficiency solar energy‐driven salt‐resistant seawater desalination and wastewater purification is developed. The biomimetic aerogel consists of ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires as heat‐insulating skeletons, polydopamine‐modified MXene as a photothermal material with broadband sunlight absorption and high photothermal conversion efficiency, polyacrylamide, and polyvinyl alcohol as reagents to lower the water evaporation enthalpy and as glues to enhance the mechanical performance. The honeycomb porous structure, unidirectionally aligned microchannels, and nanowire/nanosheet/polymer pore wall endow the biomimetic aerogel with excellent mechanical properties, rapid water transportation, and excellent solar water evaporation performance. The biomimetic aerogel exhibits a high water evaporation rate (2.62 kg m−2 h−1) and energy efficiency (93.6%) under one sun irradiation. The superior salt‐rejecting ability of the designed water evaporator enables stable and continuous seawater desalination, which is promising for application in water purification to mitigate the global water crisis.
Z‐Scheme Modulated Charge Transfer on InVO4@ZnIn2S4 for Durable Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Zuo Gancheng , Ma Sisi , Yin Zhizhen , Chen Wuyang , Wang Yuting , Ji Qiuyi , Xian Qiming , Yang Shaogui , He Huan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe charge transfer within heterojunction is crucial for the efficiency and stability of photocatalyst for overall water splitting (OWS). Herein, InVO4 nanosheets have been employed as a support for the lateral epitaxial growth of ZnIn2S4 nanosheets to produce hierarchical InVO4@ZnIn2S4 (InVZ) heterojunctions. The distinct branching heterostructure facilitates active site exposure and mass transfer, further boosting the participation of ZnIn2S4 and InVO4 for proton reduction and water oxidation, respectively. The unique Z‐scheme modulated charge transfer, visualized by simulation and in situ analysis, has been proved to promote the spatial separation of photoexcited charges and strengthen the anti‐photocorrosion capability of InVZ. The optimized InVZ heterojunction presents improved OWS (153.3 µmol h−1 g−1 for H2 and 76.9 µmol h−1 g−1 for O2) and competitive H2 production (21090 µmol h−1 g−1). Even after 20 times (100 h) of cycle experiment, it still holds more than 88% OWS activity and a complete structure.
Uni‐ and Bidirectional Rotation and Speed Control in Chiral Photonic Micromotors Powered by Light
Authors: Ussembayev Yera Ye. , De Witte Noah , Liu Xiaohong , Belmonte Alberto , Bus Tom , Lubach Sjoukje , Beunis Filip , Strubbe Filip , Schenning Albert P. H. J. , Neyts Kristiaan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLiquid crystalline polymers are attractive materials for untethered miniature soft robots. When they contain azo dyes, they acquire light‐responsive actuation properties. However, the manipulation of such photoresponsive polymers at the micrometer scale remains largely unexplored. Here, uni‐ and bidirectional rotation and speed control of polymerized azo‐containing chiral liquid crystalline photonic microparticles powered by light is reported. The rotation of these polymer particles is first studied in an optical trap experimentally and theoretically. The micro‐sized polymer particles respond to the handedness of a circularly polarized trapping laser due to their chirality and exhibit uni‐ and bidirectional rotation depending on their alignment within the optical tweezers. The attained optical torque causes the particles to spin with a rotation rate of several hertz. The angular speed can be controlled by small structural changes, induced by ultraviolet (UV) light absorption. After switching off the UV illumination, the particle recovers its rotation speed. The results provide evidence of uni‐ and bidirectional motion and speed control in light‐responsive polymer particles and offer a new way to devise light‐controlled rotary microengines at the micrometer scale.
Performance Enhancement of Lead‐Free 2D Tin Halide Perovskite Transistors by Surface Passivation and Its Impact on Non‐Volatile Photomemory Characteristics
Authors: Chao I‐Hsiang , Yang Yu‐Ting , Yu Ming‐Hsuan , Chen Chiung‐Han , Liao Chwen‐Haw , Lin Bi‐Hsuan , Ni I‐Chih , Chen Wen‐Chang , Ho‐Baillie Anita W. Y. , Chueh Chu‐Chen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) tin (Sn)‐based perovskites have recently received increasing research attention for perovskite transistor application. Although some progress is made, Sn‐based perovskites have long suffered from easy oxidation from Sn2+ to Sn4+, leading to undesirable p‐doping and instability. In this study, it is demonstrated that surface passivation by phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) and 4‐fluorophenethylammonium iodide (FPEAI) effectively passivates surface defects in 2D phenethylammonium tin iodide (PEA2SnI4) films, increases the grain size by surface recrystallization, and p‐dopes the PEA2SnI4 film to form a better energy‐level alignment with the electrodes and promote charge transport properties. As a result, the passivated devices exhibit better ambient and gate bias stability, improved photo‐response, and higher mobility, for example, 2.96 cm2 V−1 s−1 for the FPEAI‐passivated films—four times higher than the control film (0.76 cm2 V−1 s−1). In addition, these perovskite transistors display non‐volatile photomemory characteristics and are used as perovskite‐transistor‐based memories. Although the reduction of surface defects in perovskite films results in reduced charge retention time due to lower trap density, these passivated devices with better photoresponse and air stability show promise for future photomemory applications.
Critical review of household water treatment in Southeast Asian countries
Authors: Lawrencia Dora , Maniam Geetha , Chuah Lay Hong , Poh Phaik Eong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWorldwide, an average gap of 32% was observed between urban and rural populations in terms of access to safe drinking water. Worryingly, 50% of the Southeast Asia population resides in rural areas, making the region highly vulnerable to threats from not having access to safe drinking water. The sparse population density and infrastructural complexities in rural areas have made centralized water treatment systems very challenging in terms of implementation and significantly increased cost. Hence, adopting a household water treatment (HWT) system would be a more suitable co‐existing water provision solution. However, data on the sustainability of HWT in Southeast Asia is still lacking. Therefore, this review aims to provide a critical overview of water poverty and current HWT implemented in Southeast Asian countries. The factors associated with feasibility and potentially sustained implementation of the HWT in Southeast Asian countries covering user preferences, user perception towards water safety, education and training, economic feasibility, collaborations, and supportive policy environment were also discussed. In a nutshell, there is a need for co‐designing the HWT with the targeted community before its implementation for better sustainability.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Rights to Water
Science of Water > Water Quality
Human Water > Methods
Computational framework of hydrodynamic stagnation point flow of nanomaterials with natural convection configured by a heated stretching sheet
Authors: Ali Bilal , AlBaidani Mashael M. , Jubair Sidra , Ganie Abdul Hamid , Abdelmohsen Shaimaa A. M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis communication studies the importance of convective heat transfer is intensified remarkably in various disciplines of modern engineering sciences and technological development such as heat exchangers, refrigeration, air conditioning, food processing, damage to crops, and many more. The main focus of this study is to develop mathematical modeling of the 2D stagnation point flow of configured by an extended heated stretchable sheet subject to nonlinear thermal radiation with the revised nanofluid model. Moreover, the influence of Newtonian heating, MHD flow, and Brownian movement features are invoked for analysis. The essential nonlinear PDEs of this assessment are modeled with the aid of boundary layer theory and then renovated into nonlinear ODEs by invoking appropriate similarity solutions with help of MATHEMATICA 11.0 programming language. The physical insight of relevant flow parameters is highlighted through graphical illustration. Finally, this investigation greatly impacts engineering and industrial applications of the materials, mainly in geophysical and geothermal systems, storage devices, space science, and several other disciplines.
Three-point energy correlators and the celestial block expansion
Authors: Chang Cyuan-Han , Simmons-Duffin David 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We study the three-point energy correlator (EEEC), defined as a matrix element of a product of three energy detectors at different locations on the celestial sphere. Lorentz symmetry implies that the EEEC can be decomposed into special functions called celestial blocks. We compute three-point celestial blocks in an expansion around the collinear limit, where the three detectors approach each other on the celestial sphere. The leading term is a traditional d – 2-dimensional four-point conformal block, and thus the collinear EEEC behaves like a conformally-invariant four-point function in d – 2 dimensions. We obtain the coefficients of the conformal block decomposition for the collinear EEEC at leading nontrivial order in weakly-coupled 𝒩 = 4 SYM and QCD. These data allow us to make certain all-orders predictions for the collinear EEEC in various kinematic limits, including the OPE limit and the double lightcone limit. We also study Ward identities satisfied by the EEEC and compute contact terms in the EEEC in weakly-coupled 𝒩 = 4 SYM. Finally, we study the celestial block expansion of the EEEC in planar 𝒩 = 4 SYM at strong coupling, determining celestial block coefficients to leading and first subleading order at large λ.
On the 4d superconformal index near roots of unity: bulk and localized contributions
Authors: Cabo-Bizet Alejandro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We study the expansion near roots of unity of the superconformal index of 4d SU(N) 𝒩 = 4 SYM. In such an expansion, middle-dimensional walls of non-analyticity are shown to emerge in the complex analytic extension of the integrand. These walls intersect the integration contour at infinitesimal vicinities and come from both, the vector and chiral multiplet contributions, and combinations thereof. We will call these intersections vector and chiral bits, and the complementary region bulk, and show that, in the corresponding limit, the integrals along the infinitesimal bits include, among other contributions, factorized products of either Chern-Simons and 3d topologically twisted partition functions.In particular, we find that the leading asymptotic contribution to the index, which comes from collecting all contributions coming from vector bits, reduces to an average over a set of N copies of three-dimensional SU(N) Chern-Simons partition functions in Lens spaces L(m, 1) with m > 1, in the presence of background $$ {\mathbb{Z}}_m^{N-1} $$

ℤ
m

N
−
1

flat connections. The average is taken over the background connections, which are the positions of individual vector bits along the contour. We also find there are other subleading contributions, a finite number of them at finite N, which include averages over products of Chern-Simons and/or topologically A-twisted Chern-Simons-matter partition functions in three-dimensional manifolds. This shows how in certain limits the index of 4d SU(N) 𝒩 = 4 SYM organizes, via an unambiguously defined coarse graining procedure, into averages over a finite number of lower dimensional theories.
How broad is a neutrino?
Authors: Banks Hannah , Kelly Kevin J. , McCullough Matthew 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCanonical neutrino oscillations arise due to the propagation of three mass eigenstates from production to detection. We aspire to capture, in one simple framework, a broad range of new physics effects on neutrino propagation beyond this canonical picture — this can be done by promoting the neutrino propagators to the general Källén-Lehmann form. In this work we demonstrate how models predicting additional light propagating species of neutrino are naturally accommodated in this language and propose a simple model spectrum composed of just three ‘broadened’ states as a flexible ansatz by which to explore the phenomenology of new physics in neutrino propagation. Reinterpreting existing neutrino oscillation measurements, we illustrate how this framework provides the capacity to probe deviations from the standard three-neutrino scenario systematically and generally. Whilst current data allows for relatively strong constraints on broadened neutrinos, we find the upcoming JUNO experiment will yield significant improvements, particularly for the heaviest neutrino, paving the way to a clearer understanding of how neutrinos propagate in vacuum.