bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Blue and Red LED Light and some Plant Extract on Lettuce Growth and Yield in NFT Technique
Authors: Salman A. D. , Hussein W. A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This experiment was carried out in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Univ. of Baghdad, during autumn 2021 growing season to investigate possibility study of increase lettuce antioxidant and biological yield, growing and producing lettuce hydroponically under film technique (NFT) using a globally approved standard solution (Cooper solution), Nested design with three replications adopted in the experiment, each of them included in main plot the first factor, which is LED light (B and R), Then levels of second factor were randomly distributed within each replicate, which included spraying with organic nutrients which was Cymbopogon citratus and Hibiscus sabdariffa at two concentrations 2.5 and 5 % for each of them, As well as control treatment T0, symbolized as T1, T2, T3, T4 respectively. The results showed R led light and T4 increase most parameters, B Led light treatment maximized lettuce quality parameters (chlorophyll, V.C., Total and Beta Carotene), T3 increase Total chlorophyll and Carotene T4 increased V.C. and Beta carotene, R led light and T4 increased yield.
Study of Effect of Foliar Spraying with Salicylic Acid and Organic Nutrient (Disper chlorophyll) on some Vegetative and Chemical Characteristics of Three Date Palm Cultivars (Phoenix dactylifera L.)
Authors: Abdulaziz Narmin Asaad , Khalaf Jassim Mohammad 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study was carried out in the fields of the Department of Horticulture and garden engineering at the College of Agriculture/University of Kirkuk/Iraq. During a period from 1-9-2020 to 1-5-2022. To study the effect of spraying with salicylic acid and the organic nutrient (disper chlorophyll) at five concentrations (zero, 150 salicylic acid, 300 disper chlorophyll, 600 disper chlorophyll) mg.l-1 each on some vegetative and chemical properties of three date palm cultivars. The experiment was carried out according to a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with a factorial experiment with two factors according to the inhaler system and with three replications. The results were statistically analyzed using the ready-made (SAS) program and the averages were compared according to Duncan’s polynomial selection at the probability level (0.05). The results obtained can be summarized as follows: Al-Shuwathi al-Asfar cultivar was superior to the rest of the cultivars in most of the studied traits: (seedling (shoot) height, frond length, number of fronds, percentage of nitrogen, phosphorous and protein in wicker), while Khadrawi cultivar outperformed the other two cultivars in traits (percentage of potassium and carbohydrates in wicker). As for the treatments, it was noticed that the concentration of (300 mg.l-1) of chlorophyll disper in the height of the seedling (shoot) and the length of the fronds exceeded the rest of the concentrations. The concentration (600 mg.L-1) of chlorophyll disper gave the highest percentage in the studied chemical properties. The dual interactions of the studied factors had a clear significant effect on the studied traits.
Effect of Spraying with Glutathione and Bio-Fertilizer (Algacell) in some Growth Characteristics of (Moringa Oleifera L.) Under Water Stress
Authors: Khalaf Raad Abbas , Abdullah Kadum Mohammed 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAbiotic stresses, including water stress, negatively affect the growth and development of plants. The study was carried out in the canopy of the Horticulture and Landscaping Department / College of Agriculture / University of Kerbala during the spring season 2021 in order to study the vegetative growth indicators of Moringa plants(Moringa OleiferaL.) after treatment with glutathione and bio-fertilizer (Algacell) under water stress conditions. The study included exposing moringa seedlings to water stress at three field capacities (40%, 50%, 60%) of the total field capacity and the seedlings were sprayed with three concentrations of glutathione (0, 100, 200 mg. L-1) and two concentrations of biofertilizer (0, 10 mL. L-1). The factorial experiment was designed according to a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D). The results showed that spraying plants with a concentration of 200 mg. L-1glutathione gave a significant increase in the traits (stem diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll) and this treatment did not differ significantly from (100 mg. L-1) in the traits (plant height, number of leaves, relative moisture content), while no Biofertilizer had no significant effect on most of the studied traits. The results also showed the contribution of glutathione in reducing harmful effects and helped the plant to withstand water stress conditions.
Effect of Bio-Fertilizer and Potassium Spraying on the Growth and Yield of Potatoes for Autumn Season
Authors: Mahdi Rafal Salih , Ibadi Manea Ali , Aubied Imad Ali 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in the fields of a farmer in the Al-Dila area / south of Babylon provainc, at a longitude of 44.39 E and a latitude of 32.3 N, 17 km south of the Hilla city. To study the effect of biofertilizer and potassium source on improving the performance, growth and production of potatoes, the experiment was designed according to a split plot-System using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results of the experiment were statistically analyzed according to the method of analysis of variance and according to the significant differences between the treatments at the probability level of 0.05 using the least significant difference LSD. The results showed that there were significant differences when adding bio-fertilizer in most of the vegetative, quantitative and qualitative traits of potato plants, as the addition of bio-fertilizer Fulzyme (12 kg. ha-1) was significantly excelled in plant height, number of stems, number of leaves, number of total tubers and number of marketable tubers, As for the qualitative traits, it gave the highest rate in the percentage of protein and carbohydrates. The results of spraying with potassium source indicated that there were significant differences in most of the vegetative, quantitative and qualitative traits, where the spraying treatment with potassium sulfate at a concentration of (3 ml. L-1) was achieved. Significantly excelled in the number of main stems, the average marketing weight of the tuber, and the treatment of spraying with nano-potassium at a concentration (2 g. L-1) was significantly excelled in the total plant yield amounting to (1.069 kg. plant-1 and 56.44 tons. ha-1), the yield marketable (54.26 tons. ha-1), the percentage of carbohydrates in the tubers, While the spraying treatment with potassium silicate at a concentration of (3 ml. L-1) achieved significantly excelled in plant height, number of leaves, number of total and marketable tubers, and the percentage of protein in tubers. The two interactions showed a significant effect on most of the vegetative, quantitative and qualitative growth traits of potato plants. The bi-interaction treatment, adding Fulzyme + spraying with potassium silicate, achieved a significantly excelled in the traits of the total yield per ton, which amounted to (61.56 tons. ha-1) and the marketable yield per ton reached(59.41 tons. ha-1).
Effectiveness of Soaking with Gibberellic Acid and Kinetin on Germination and Growth Indicators of Two Cultivars of Pistachio Plant Pistaciavera L.
Authors: Kadhim Zaid Khaleel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted in the plant canopy of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape/College of Agriculture/University of Kerbala during the season 2021-2022 to study the effect of three factors, the first factor is two cultivars (Ajami and Nab Al-Jamal) and the second factor is gibberellic acid in three concentrations (0,100,200 mg. L-1) respectively, and the third factor is kinetin in three concentrations and symbolizes (0, 15, 30 mg. L-1) respectively. The results of the statistical analysis showed the following: Nab Al-Jamal cultivar, kinetin at a concentration of (15) mg. L-1 and gibberellin at concentration (100 and 200) mg. L-1 were superior in most of the studied traits as single factors. For bilateral interactions, the concentration of gibberellin with kinetin is (200 + 15) mg. L-1 has outperformed in most of the studied traits. As for the interaction of the cultivar with gibberellin, the interaction treatment (Nab Al-Jamal + 100 mg. L-1 gibberellin) gave the best results in the percentage of germination, speed of germination and germination energy, while the treatment (Ajami + 200 mg. L-1 gibberellin) gave the best results in plant height and stem diameter, while the interaction treatment (Nab Al-Jamal +200 mg. L-1 gibberellin) gave the best results in the number of leaves. The triple interaction was (Ajami + 200 gibberellin + 15 kinetin) mg. L-1 was superior in the results of the following traits: percentage of germination, germination energy, stem diameter and number of leaves. As for the overlap treatment (Nab Al-Jamal + 100 gibberellin + 0 kinetin) mg. L-1 has outperformed in germination speed and plant height.
Estimation of Hybrid Vigor for Flowering and Yield Cherry Tomato Hybrids
Authors: Al-Mfargy Othman Khalid Alwan , Al-Juwari Mohammed Salman Mohammed 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The experiment was carried out in the greenhouses of the extension farm in Diyala governorate for the seasons (2020-2021) and (2021-2022), where ten strains of cherry tomatoes imported from the Tomato Genetic Resources Center (TGRS) at the University of California Davis Institute were planted in the first season. Tomatoes were selected (5 ) pure lines (LA4451, LA4753, LA3334, LA3538 and LA4689) and their symbols (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5), respectively, and entered into a Full Diallel crossing program to produce individual hybrids, and in the second season it included an experiment to evaluate the genotypes (5 parents + 20 hybrids) according to the RCBD design and with three replications, and the results were as follows: Genotypes: There was a significant effect of genotypes, as the parent (1) outperformed in the average fruit weight, per plant yield and total yield (8.41 g, 2.72 kg and 3.40 tons), respectively. The parent (2) outperformed the contract (94.11). parent (5) was superior in the number of flowers in the inflorescence, the number of total flowers and the number of fruits per plant (82.66 inflorescences. plants, 937.00 flowers. plants, and 512.33 fruits. plants). The hybrid (1×4) was also significantly superior in the percentage of the fruit set (95.13), the average fruit weight, the yield of one plant and the total yield (13.45 g, 4.66 kg and 5.82 tons, respectively). While the hybrid (2×5) was superior in the number of total flowers (941.33 flowers). Hybrid (5×2) outperformed in the number of flowers in the inflorescence (90.00 flowers). The superiority of the hybrid (5×4) in the number of fruits (521.33 fruits). Genetic analysis: The hybrid (1×5) showed desirable and significant hybrid vigor for the characteristics of the number of flowers in the inflorescence, the number of total flowers and the number of fruits in the plant). It was also found that the hybrid (5×2) showed a significant hybrid strength for the two traits (one plant yield and total yield). While the hybrid (2×5) and (5×1) recorded the strength of the hybrid for one trait for each of them (the percentage of the knot and the average weight of the fruit) respectively for the best parents.
Effect of Soil Mulching and Spraying with Amino Acids on some Vegetative Growth Characteristics of Cauliflower
Authors: Ghazal Ali Hamza , Al-Nussairawi Adnan Ghazi Salman 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in one of the agricultural fields in the Diyala governorate to examine the impact of amino acid spraying at two concentrations (0,1 and 2 m L-1) on plant development and leaf N, P, K content. Soil was mulched with colorless and black plastic, and no mulching was used. White Snow F1 variety was used. SAS was used to run a statistical analysis, and a 0.05 significance level Duncan’s polynomial test was used to compare the means. Black mulching was found to be superior to other types of mulch in terms of the percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium found in the leaves, as well as plant height, total leaves, leaf area, and relative chlorophyll content. Also the results showed a significant superiority of spraying with amino acids at a concentration of 2 m L-1 four sprays of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, plant dry weight, relative chlorophyll content, as it gave. Interactions between the study’s two components also varied, as evidenced by the findings. The highest values for N, P, and K content in the leaves, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, dry weight, and relative chlorophyll content were all obtained when black mulching was combined with spraying with amino acids at a concentration of 2 m L-1 four times. This resulted in values of 73.00 cm, 24.00 leaf-1, 271.94 cm2 plant-1, 3.33 cm, and 69.00 SPAD.
Reducing Antinutritional Hydrogen Cyanide, Phytic Acid, and Trypsin Inhibitor in Rambling Vetch, Culban (Vicia peregrina)
Authors: Abdulhalim Bayan Ahmed , Mohammad Mahmoud Ahmad 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper aims to improve the nutritional value of culban (Vicia peregrina) by reducing the three antinutritional phytic acid, hydrogen cyanide, and trypsin inhibitor by the various process as soaking, cooking, roasting, and germination for improving its nutritional value and which process is much effective for this purpose. Result revealed that the overall effects of treatment in cyanogen reduction by mg/kg at significance (P< 0.05) comes in this rank, germination for 5 and 7 days (94-100%) > roasting for 15 and 30 minutes, cooking for 40 minutes (60%) > cooking for 20 minutes (40%) > soaking for 12 hours (24%)> soaking for 8 hours (8%). The overall effect of different process in the reduction of phytic acid mg/g at significance (P< 0.05) comes in this rank, Roasting 15 minute (92%)> Roasting 30 minute (75%) Germination 7 days >(54%)> Germination 5 days (53%)> Cooking 20 minute (39%)> Cooking 40 minute (36%)> Soaking 12 hour (17%)> Soaking 8 hour (8.5%). And the rank of all treatments in reducing trypsin inhibitor TUI/mg at significance (P< 0.05) comes in this order, Cooking 40 minute (65%)> Germination 7 days(49%)> Germination 5 days(47%)> Roasting 30 minute (42%) >Soaking 12 hours (33%)> Soaking 8 hours (30%)> Cooking for 20 minutes (28%)> Roasting for 15 minutes (27%).
The Role of Rocket (Eruca sativa) as Dietary Supplementation to Enhance Fish Nutrition and Health: A Review
Authors: Al-Rawe Saud Duraid , Al-Farha Abd Al-Bar , Mohammad Mahmoud Ahmad 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The objective of this review is to compile and assess the findings of several studies on the use of Rocket (Eruca sativa) as feed additives or alternatives to fish nutrition. Antioxidant glucosinolates, flavonoids, and vitamins A and C are present in this plant, which has been shown to improve growth metrics and blood characteristics, according to the findings of the scientists. Effective oxidation against stress, the generation of free radicals, and pathogenic microorganisms, which enhances the health of fish and thus promotes growth and food utilization. In addition to its medical value as an alternative to antibiotics with negative side effects.
Relationship Between the CYP21 Marker and some Productive and Physiological Traits of Holstein-Friesian Cows
Authors: Hassooni Hadi Awad , Shadood Shahlaa Nassar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
There was a difference in the genetic profiles of the CYP21 genotype, it showed three genetic polymorphisms: 250/240, 260/251 and 270/261 bp, and their distribution ratios were 51.72, 29.31, and 18.96%, respectively. The percentages showed highly significant differences (P≤0.01), and the total of the studied alleles was 116. The study showed that there were no significant differences in the production of total milk and its components between the genetic polymorphisms, as well as in the rate of milk flow. There were significant differences (P≤0.05) between the different genetic polymorphisms of cows in the heat endurance factor, as the cows carrying the genotype 250/240, 260/251 bp outperformed the genotypes 270/261 bp so the value of the thermal endurance factor was 99.73 for the genotype 270/261 bp, as for the genotypes 250/240, 260/251 bp, the coefficient of heat endurance was 101.82 and 102.43, respectively. There were a significant differences (P≤0.05) between the genotypes for the California test for mastitis, cows carrying the genotype 250/240, 270/261 bp outperformed the genotype 260/251 bp. The test values were 1.77 and 1.00 for genotypes 270/261, 250/240 bp respectively, and the value of the California test for genotype 260/251 bp was 2.45.
Effect of Ginger Powder Addition in Broiler Chicken Diets on Productive Performance
Authors: Al-Mahdawi R. S. , Al-Hassani Ali S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of varying doses of ginger powder on broiler productivity. There were 180 commercial strain Ross 308 day old chicks utilized in the experiment, and each chick was weighed and allocated randomly among four treatments. Three different treatments were tested, each with a replication of 15 chicks. The diet was supplemented with 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0g/kg of ginger powder, respectively, as a control. As compared to the other treatments, the control group had considerably higher body weights, weight growth, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. Ginger powder use was shown to have a detrimental impact on growth in this investigation.
Pharmaceutical and Biological Properties of Dill : A Review
Authors: Masoody Itlal Hakim Al , Alarkwazi Raghad Khalil , Yasssiry Ayat Shanshol Al 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Anethum graveolens L. (Dill) belong to the Apiaceae family This plant is extracted either in the form of powders or oils from different parts of the plant, including the leaves, seeds, flowers, or the aerial part of the plant. It contains many activity secondary metabolism compounds. These compounds are of nutritional, medicinal and natural therapeutic value. They are considered high antioxidants that are used as a treatment for humans or as flavorings for foods. The aim of the review know the pharmaceutical and biological characteristics of dill.
Effect of Foliar Application of Algaren and ALG6000 on Growth and Chemical Characteristics in Two Cultivars of Broad Bean (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Sulieman Mohammed S. , Al-Abadee Ahmad I. Y. , Al-Khashab Safwan M. H. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in Nineveh Governorate during the winter season of 2018-2019 to study the effect of spraying with seaweed extracts Algaren and ALG6000 on some vegetative, root, qualitative and mineral growth characteristics of leaves and dry seeds of two cultivars of broad Beans. The study included eighteen treatments in each replicate, consisting of a control treatment (without any addition) and spraying with four levels of seaweed extract Algaren (2, 4, 6 and 8 cm3.l-1) as well as Four-level spraying of ALG6000 seaweed extract (2, 4, 6 and 8 cm3.l-1) on two broad bean cultivars. Algaren achieved the best value over ALG6000 in the studied traits. The French cultivar Aquadulce recorded better results than the Spanish cultivar Luzde Otono, with a dry root weight, leaf area, and nitrogen and phosphorous content of protein and carbohydrates in the dry seeds. In contrast, the Spanish bean variety Luzde Otono recorded the highest significant value in a number of root nodes, the content of leaves and dry seeds of potassium.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of some New Herbicides in Controlling Weeds Associated with Corn Crop (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Ahmed Tara Yassin , Saleh Shakir Mehdi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in one of the fields of Alton Kupri district in Kirkuk governorate in the autumn season of 2021 to study the effectiveness of three types of Bush pesticides recently introduced into Iraq in combating the growing bush with the yellow maize crop Zea mays L. A factorial experiment was applied according to the design of R.C.B.D with two factors. The two factors were the type of pesticide, which included three types (Cornet, Astran C, and Master Power). In comparison, the second factor was pesticide spraying rates, including five factors, namely (without pesticide, manual weeding, and spraying the pesticide at a rate of ½ the recommended amount). Spray the recommended amount and spread the pesticide at the rate of 1 ½ the recommended amount. The characteristics of the bush were studied and included (the density of the weeds, the percentage of control, and the dry weight of the control bush), while the traits of the yellow corn crop were (plant height, leaf area, number of days until flowering, number of days until maturity, number of ear rows, number of grains in the ear, weight of 300 grains and grain yield plant and total grain yield). The pesticide Astran C was discerned over the rest of the other pesticides in reducing the bush density, increasing the percentage of control and decreasing the dry weight of the bush when sprayed with the recommended quantity and the higher quantity. The number of plants was four after the control, which did not differ from manual weeding, which achieved three plants, while the control percentage was Achieved 91.7% for this pesticide when sprayed with the highest amount (1½).
Effect of Subsurface Drip Irrigation System and Two Levels Nitrogen Fertilizer on Corn Growth and Yield
Authors: Alaamer Shathar A. , Alwan Alsharifi Salih K. , Al-Sultani Ahmad Thamer Kamil 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The scarcity of irrigation water in Iraq and the great waste of water and saline lands and the dominance of old and unscientific methods of water management when cultivating corn, was the aim of this study is to reduce the amount of fertilizer added to the soil during the growing season for hectare area and the abundance of water large amounts, as well investigate, the effect of irrigation systems, subsurface drip irrigation system(SDIS) and, the levels nitrogen fertilizer (NF) on corn cultivars (Gadiz, IPA5012 and R-106). Completely randomly assigned to three replicates, the Gadiz cultivar outperformed the IPA5012 and R-106 cultivars in a factorial experiment. While the level nitrogen fertilizer (175 kg N.ha-1), was significantly superior to the level nitrogen fertilizer (150 kg N.ha-1), in all parameters. All interactions were significant, the best results in this study were obtained from the interaction among the level nitrogen fertilizer (175 kg N.ha-1) and corn cultivar Gadiz.
The Effect of the Level and Methods of Adding Nano-Fertilizer on the Absorption of some Elements and the Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum. L)
Authors: Jassim Raheem Alwan Halool , Barkat Hanoon Nahi , Nassir Mohammad A. B. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in the winter agricultural season 2020 in the agricultural fields of the Najaf governorate to study the effect of Nanofertilizer consisting of the following elements (zinc, iron and manganese with concentrations 8: 8: 8) with 7 treatments ( 0, 2 soil, 2 foliar, 4 soil, 4 foliar, 6 soil, 6 foliar ) gm.L-1 on uptake of some elements and growth and yield of wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.). The number of treatments was 7 for each replicate in three replications. The results were shown Superior of foliar application on 6 gm. L-1 on all of studied parameters, superior soil and foliar application on control treatment on all of levels on all studied parameters.