bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mammalian facial muscles contain muscle spindles
Authors: Omstead K. Madisen , Williams Jade , Weinberg Seth M. , Marazita Mary L. , Burrows Anne M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMuscle spindles are sensory receptors in skeletal muscle that provide information on muscle length and velocity of contraction. Previous studies noted that facial muscles lack muscle spindles, but recent reports indicate that the human platysma muscle and “buccal” muscles contain spindles. Mammalian facial muscles are active in social communication, vibrissa movement, and vocalizations, including human speech. Given these functions, we hypothesized that facial muscles contain muscle spindles, and we predicted that humans would have the greatest number, given the role our lips play in speech. We examined previously sectioned and stained (with H&E and trichrome stains) orbicularis oris (upper fibers) and zygomaticus (major) muscles across a broad phylogenetic range of mammalian species, spanning a wide distribution of body size and ecological niche, to assess the presence of muscle spindles. We also stained several sections with Sirius red to highlight the muscle spindle capsule. Our results indicate that mammalian facial muscles contain muscle spindles, supporting our hypothesis. Contrary to our prediction, though, humans (and other primates) had the lowest number of muscle spindles. We instead found that the carnivoran sample and the horse sample had the greatest number of spindles. Larger body size and nocturnality were also associated with a greater number of spindles. These results must be viewed with caution, though, as our sample size was small and there are critical mammalian taxa missing. Future work should use an expanded phylogenetic range of mammalian species to ascertain the role that phylogeny plays in muscle spindle presence and count.
Effects of neodymium magneto‐priming on seed germination and salinity tolerance in tomato
Authors: Abhary Mohammad K. , Akhkha Abdullah 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEarth's biosphere is surrounded by magnetic fields that affect all living organisms. A plant's response to magnetic fields is displayed in terms of its seed's vigor, growth, and yield. Examining seed germination in such magnetic fields is the first step in the investigation of how magnetic fields might be used to enhance plant growth and maximize crop performance. In this study, salinity‐sensitive Super Strain‐B tomato seeds were primed with the northern and southern poles of neodymium magnets of 150, 200, and 250 mT. The magneto‐primed seeds showed a significant increase in germination rate and speed, where the orientation of the magnet was identified as being crucial for germination rate and the orientation of seeds towards the magnet was shown to affect the germination speed. The primed plants exhibited enhanced growth characteristics, including longer shoots and roots, larger leaf area, more root hairs, higher water content, and more tolerance to salinity levels, up to 200 mM NaCl. All magneto‐primed plants showed a significant decrease in chlorophyll content, continuous chlorophyll fluorescence yield (Ft), and quantum yield (QY). The salinity treatments decreased all chlorophyll parameters in control plants, significantly, but did not lower such parameters in magneto‐primed tomatoes. The results of this study illustrate the positive effects of neodymium magnet on the growth and development of tomato plants in terms of their germination, growth, and salinity tolerance, and negatively affected the chlorophyll content in tomato leaves. © 2023 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
State‐of‐the‐art improvements and applications of position based dynamics
Authors: Fang Junheng , You Lihua , Chaudhry Ehtzaz , Zhang Jian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe emergence of position‐based simulation approaches has quickly developed a group of new topics in the computer graphics community. These approaches are popular due to their advantages, including computational efficiency, controllability, stability and robustness for different scenarios, whilst they also have some weaknesses. In this survey, we will introduce the concept of the baseline position based dynamics (PBD) method and review the improvements and applications of PBD since 2018, including extensions for different materials and integrations with other techniques.
Elemental Profile of Propolis from Different Areas of Serbia
Authors: Ristivojević Petar , Nešić Jelena , Andrić Filip , Nedić Nebojša , Stanisavljević Ljubiša , Milojković Opsenica Dušanka , Trifković Jelena 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPropolis is a resinous natural substance collected by honeybees from different plant sources. The element content of propolis is influenced by the content of elements in the soil, climatic factors, and the degree of pollution. The aim of the study was to characterize element composition and content of toxic elements in 51 propolis collected from different locations in Serbia and to evaluate the differences among them. Determination of the 21 elements were performed using Inductively coupled plasma ‐ optical emission spectrometry. K was the most abundant element, followed by Ca, Mg, Si, Fe, Zn, and Al. The microelements B, Ba, Mn, Na, Pb, and Ti were also present in propolis, while Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Sr, and V were found in trace. Toxic elements such as Pb, As, and Cd were found in the trace. Kruskal‐Wallis tests differentiate groups of samples by geographical origin. The presence of B, Fe, Sr, Ti, Zn, and As demonstrated statistical significance between six regions of Serbia.
Recent Advances in Protein‐Specific Glycan Imaging and Editing
Authors: Zheng Xiaocui , He Boqiang , Meng Liying , Xie Ran 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGlycosylation in live cell and animal modulate a constellation of biological functions. The advent of Chemical Biology has revolutionized the analysis and tailoring of glycans, by introducing myriads of glycan engineering methods. However, the ideal scenario to achieve glycan monitoring and structural manipulation at any hierarchical levels is unmet yet. Herein we review recent advances in the methodological innovation and the versatile applications of the protein‐specific glycan visualization and editing in deciphering the biological functions of glycans. An outlook for future directions toward specific sugar‐chain editing is also included.
Nucleophilic Substitution Polymerization‐Induced Emission of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds as a Versatile Approach for Aggregation‐Induced Emission Type Non‐Traditional Intrinsic Luminescence†
Authors: Chen Yu‐Jiao , Pu Meng‐Qin , Wu Liang‐Tao , Sun Xiao‐Li , Wan Wen‐Ming 
Published: February 2023

Comprehensive SummaryNucleophilic substitution reaction and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds play significant roles in organic chemistry, and non‐traditional intrinsic luminescence (NTIL) has become an emerging research area. Here, we demonstrate the successful nucleophilic substitution polymerization of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, including acetylacetone, 3,5‐heptanedione, methyl acetoacetate, cyclopentane‐1,3‐dione, 1,3‐indandione, 1‐phenyl‐1,3‐butanedione and dibenzoylmethane, where reactive hydrogens at α position of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds are involved. Through this base catalyzed nucleophilic substitution polycondensation between 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and α,α’‐dibromo xylene, a series of nonconjugated poly(1,3‐dicarbonyl)s have been successfully prepared with high yield (up to >99%) under mild conditions. Investigations reveal that this nucleophilic substitution polycondensation exhibits self‐accelerating effect and flexible stoichiometry characteristics, which exhibits advantages over traditional polycondensation methods. This polymerization also exhibits intriguing polymerization‐induced emission (PIE) characteristics, where nonconjugated poly(1,3‐dicarbonyl)s exhibit intriguing chemical structure dependent aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) type NTIL. This work therefore expands the monomer, method, chemical structure and property libraries of polymer chemistry, which may cause inspirations to polymerization methodology, PIE, AIE and NTIL.
Modeling Ewing Sarcoma Lung Metastasis
Authors: Dasgupta Atreyi , Kurenbekova Lyazat , Patel Tajhal D. , Rajapakshe Kimal , Ghosal Gargi , Nirala Bikesh , Coarfa Cristian , Yustein Jason 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEwing Sarcoma (EwS) is the second most common malignant bone tumor in adolescents and young adults. The single‐most powerful predictor of outcome in EwS is presence of metastatic burden at the time of diagnosis. Patients with metastatic Ewing Sarcoma have an abysmal 5‐year survival rate of 10%‐25%, which has not changed over the past 30‐40 years. Thus, unraveling underlying mechanisms of EwS metastasis are imperative for developing effective therapeutic measures. Investigations towards this goal are limited by the lack of reliable genetically engineered mouse models and specialized metastatic models. Using two established cell lines, A673 and TC71, we generated lung specific metastatic cell lines by serial orthotopic intra‐tibial injection followed by isolation of cells from lung metastases. The lung metastatic lines generated exhibit distinct differential molecular signatures from the parental cells when analyzed using a multi‐omics approach. These signatures overlapped with EwS patient primary bone and metastatic lung specimens supporting the clinical relevance of these preclinical models of EwS. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Intra‐Tibial injection in NSG miceBasic Protocol 2: Development and characterization of lung metastatic cell line
Covalent Organic Framework‐Semiconductor‐Based Heterostructures for Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Chen Kai , Cai Anqi , Li Ting‐Ting 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhotocatalysis is a promising and sustainable technology in the fields of energy conversion/storage and environment purification; however, the utilization of individual component as photocatalyst is generally restricted due to the low catalytic activity deriving from the rapid recombination of photogenerated electrons/holes. Covalent organic framework (COF)‐semiconductor‐based composite photocatalysts with synergistic effects provide a feasible route to achieve high‐performance photocatalytic reactions with more active sites, strong light utilization ability, and high stability. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the rational design and preparation of the COF‐semiconductors‐based heterostructures for photocatalytic water splitting, carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction, and dye/pollutant degradation. In this Review, the synthetic strategies of COF‐semiconductor‐based heterostructures are first introduced, which includes the rational design of the morphology, connection modes, and type of heterojunctions. The performance of COF‐semiconductor‐based heterostructures in different photocatalytic reactions are comprehensively reviewed. The structure‐activity relationship and the synergistic effects within the heterostructures are discussed, and the photocatalytic mechanism and the role of COFs during the photocatalytic process are also presented. Finally, an outlook and challenges of realizing COF‐semiconductor‐based heterostructures with simple synthesis methods, diverse functions, high performance, and well‐defined reaction mechanisms are provided.
Coordinated operation of fuzzy‐based TCSC and SMES for low‐frequency oscillation damping in interconnected power systems
Authors: Mushtaq Basit , Mufti Mairaj‐ud‐din 
Published: February 2023

SummaryModern power networks are enormously complex and frequently interconnected by weak tie‐lines, which results in a variety of stability issues such as low frequency oscillations (LFOs). LFOs can have a negative impact on power system stability and tie‐line transmission capacity, resulting in catastrophic blackouts if suitable damping control mechanisms are not in situ. This article demonstrates a robust design of damping control for inter‐area LFO damping in an interconnected power system. A new comprehensive approach is presented, which integrates the thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) to improve the damping of critical inter‐area modes. An intelligently designed fuzzy logic control (FLC) employing a global stabilizing feedback signal constitutes the supervisory controller. The stabilizing feedback signal is obtained based on the observability of critical modes using participation factor (PF) analysis. Moreover, a maiden application of a recently proposed optimization algorithm, K‐means optimizer (KO), is employed to simultaneously tune the parameters of FLC employed for coordinated operation of SMES and TCSC. To validate the robustness of the proposed scheme, several case studies are performed on Kundur's two‐area multi‐machine test system. A comparison with a residue‐based damping controller was also done to demonstrate the superior damping efficacy of the proposed KOFLC controller.
Waterfowl recently infected with low pathogenic avian influenza exhibit reduced local movement and delayed migration
Authors: Teitelbaum Claire S. , Casazza Michael L. , McDuie Fiona , De La Cruz Susan E. W. , Overton Cory T. , Hall Laurie A. , Matchett Elliott L. , Ackerman Joshua T. , Sullivan Jeffery D. , Ramey Andrew M. , Prosser Diann J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnderstanding relationships between infection and wildlife movement patterns is important for predicting pathogen spread, especially for multispecies pathogens and those that can spread to humans and domestic animals, such as avian influenza viruses (AIVs). Although infection with low pathogenic AIVs is generally considered asymptomatic in wild birds, prior work has shown that influenza‐infected birds occasionally delay migration and/or reduce local movements relative to their uninfected counterparts. However, most observational research to date has focused on a few species in northern Europe; given that influenza viruses are widespread globally and outbreaks of highly pathogenic strains are increasingly common, it is important to explore influenza–movement relationships across more species and regions. Here, we used telemetry data to investigate relationships between influenza infection and movement behavior in 165 individuals from four species of North American waterfowl that overwinter in California, USA. We studied both large‐scale migratory and local overwintering movements and found that relationships between influenza infection and movement patterns varied among species. Northern pintails (Anas acuta) with antibodies to avian influenza, indicating prior infection, made migratory stopovers that averaged 12 days longer than those with no influenza antibodies. In contrast, greater white‐fronted geese (Anser albifrons) with antibodies to avian influenza made migratory stopovers that averaged 15 days shorter than those with no antibodies. Canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) that were actively infected with influenza upon capture in the winter delayed spring migration by an average of 28 days relative to birds that were uninfected at the time of capture. At the local scale, northern pintails and canvasbacks that were actively infected with influenza used areas that were 7.6 and 4.9 times smaller than those of uninfected ducks, respectively, during the period of presumed active influenza infection. We found no evidence for an influence of active influenza infection on local movements of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). These results suggest that avian influenza can influence waterfowl movements and illustrate that the relationships between avian influenza infection and wild bird movements are context‐ and species‐dependent. More generally, understanding and predicting the spread of multihost pathogens requires studying multiple taxa across space and time.
Ammonium Acetate Catalyzed Formation of 1,5‐Benzodiazepines through [4+2+1] Cycloaddition Involving 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Jiang Jingjing , Queneau Yves , Popowycz Florence 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe use of the renewable platform molecule 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) in multi‐component reaction with a diamine and an alkynone to generate seven‐membered 1,5‐benzodiazepines is described. Due to the sensitivity of 5‐HMF to strong acidic and basic conditions, the investigation required an in‐depth revisit of reaction parameters as compared to benchmark aldehydes. Among catalysts/solvents couples, ammonium acetate in ethanol proved to be a clean and efficient system. These optimized conditions were subsequently used to investigate the scope of the reaction providing a library of 1,5‐benzodiazepines in moderate to good yields from a wide range of diversely substituted diamines and alkynones or alkyl alkynoates.
Distribution, Risk Assessment, and Source Apportionment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of a Typical Mining Area in Southwest China
Authors: Li Qihang , Li Xuexian , Bu Chujie , Wu Pan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The present study investigates heavy metal pollution and its sources in cultivated soils in Bijie City, Guizhou Province, China. The ground accumulation index method was used to evaluate the associated risks, while correlation, principal component, and positive matrix factor model analyses were used to identify sources. The results show that the overall contamination levels, except for Cd, were not serious. Agricultural materials, industrial activities, transportation, coal combustion and atmospheric deposition, parent rock, and irrigation accounted for 19.66%, 14.11%, 14.54%, 16.33%, 20.70%, and 14.67% of the total accumulation of metals, respectively. Copper, Ni, Zn, and Cr came mainly from parent rocks; Pb was mainly from traffic emissions; Hg was mainly from coal deposition; As was mainly from irrigation; and Cd was mainly from industrial activities. The main sources of soil metals were irrigation, agricultural activities, and coal deposition in the east and industrial activities and soil-forming parent rocks in the west. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:888–900. © 2023 SETAC
Forecasting global stock market volatility: The impact of volatility spillover index in spatial‐temporal graph‐based model
Authors: Son Bumho , Lee Yunyoung , Park Seongwan , Lee Jaewook 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe shocks on certain market spread to other markets due to the financial linkages of global economy, which is known as volatility spillover effect. In this study, we propose a volatility forecasting model for global market indices using the spatial‐temporal graph neural network (GNN). The volatility spillover between markets are reflected in the model by estimating the linkage between markets, which is the input of GNN, using the volatility spillover index. An empirical analysis is conducted on eight representative global market indices. From the out‐of‐sample results, we found the following features. First, the proposed spatial‐temporal GNN spillover model outperforms the benchmark models in short‐ and mid‐term forecasting. Second, the forecasting accuracy highly depends on the inclusion of the market index with a high volatility spillover effect. Including S&P500, which contains the highest net spillover index, effectively helps to forecast the volatilities of other markets. Third, the investor can gain economic gain by using predicted volatility from proposed model in the mean‐variance framework.
Interactions of glial cells with neuronal synapses, from astrocytes to microglia and oligodendrocyte lineage cells
Authors: Liu Yao , Shen Xi , Zhang Yuhan , Zheng Xiaoli , Cepeda Carlos , Wang Yao , Duan Shumin , Tong Xiaoping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe mammalian brain is a complex organ comprising neurons, glia, and more than 1 × 1014 synapses. Neurons are a heterogeneous group of electrically active cells, which form the framework of the complex circuitry of the brain. However, glial cells, which are primarily divided into astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes (OLs), and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), constitute approximately half of all neural cells in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and mainly provide nutrition and tropic support to neurons in the brain. In the last two decades, the concept of “tripartite synapses” has drawn great attention, which emphasizes that astrocytes are an integral part of the synapse and regulate neuronal activity in a feedback manner after receiving neuronal signals. Since then, synaptic modulation by glial cells has been extensively studied and substantially revised. In this review, we summarize the latest significant findings on how glial cells, in particular, microglia and OL lineage cells, impact and remodel the structure and function of synapses in the brain. Our review highlights the cellular and molecular aspects of neuron‐glia crosstalk and provides additional information on how aberrant synaptic communication between neurons and glia may contribute to neural pathologies.
Complement receptor C5aR1 blockade reprograms tumor‐associated macrophages and synergizes with anti‐PD‐1 therapy in gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Puran , Gu Yun , Wang Jieti , Lv Kunpeng , Lin Chao , Zhang Heng , Li He , He Hongyong , Li Ruochen , Liu Hao , Xu Jiejie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn gastric cancer (GC), the therapeutic response of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) remains suboptimal. Targeting myeloid cell checkpoints might be feasible as adjuvant to current ICB regimens. We sought to evaluate the crucial role of C5aR1+ TAMs in regulating antitumor immunity and the efficacy of combinatorial treatment with antiprogrammed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1) and C5aR1 blockade. Here, we found that C5aR1 was predominantly expressed on macrophages and high level of C5aR1+ TAMs infiltration could predict poor prognosis and inferior chemotherapeutic response. The flow cytometry (FCM) and single‐cell RNA‐seq (scRNA‐seq) data revealed that C5aR1+ TAMs exhibited immunosuppressive property which might contribute to CD8+ T cell dysfunction. Blockade of C5aR1 could diminish the immunosuppressive function of TAMs and led to reinvigorated CD8+ T cells mediated antitumor immunity. Moreover, using in vitro intervention experiment based on fresh GC surgical specimens, we discovered that C5aR1 blockade exert a synergistic effect when combined with PD‐1 inhibitor for tumor clearance. Our study demonstrated that C5aR1 is a critical myeloid checkpoint and plays a crucial role in regulating the immunosuppressive property of TAMs and CD8+ T cell immune tolerance. C5aR1 blockade reprograms TAMs and reinvigorated the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells, thus improving the efficacy of anti‐PD‐1 therapy for tumor eradication in GC.
Screening activity matters: Evidence from ESG portfolio performance from an emerging market
Authors: Beloskar Ved Dilip , Nageswara Rao S. V. D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSocially Responsible Investments (SRI) have recently generated much interest among asset owners, managers and academicians. Though the Efficient Market Theory suggests that stock prices fully reflect all available information, few existing studies indicate that Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) portfolios deliver superior risk‐adjusted performance. ESG investing is at a nascent stage in India but is growing rapidly, especially after the COVID‐19 pandemic. Asset managers always face the dilemma of choosing between different screening methods, screening intensities and stock weighting schemes to deliver outperformance. Our study attempts to investigate the impact of these portfolio construction criteria on the risk‐adjusted performance of ESG portfolios in India. Our results show that there exists a trade‐off between superior investment performance and unsystematic risk of ESG portfolios. Investors can benefit from investing in equally‐weighted best‐in‐class portfolios constructed using ESG scores. We highlight the implications of our findings for asset owners, managers, index providers and regulators, and also provide directions for future research in the area of ESG portfolio management.