bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing responsible AI practices at the Smithsonian Institution
Authors: Dikow Rebecca , DiPietro Corey , Trizna Michael , BredenbeckCorp Hanna , Bursell Madeline , Ekwealor Jenna , Hodel Richard , Lopez Nilda , Mattingly William , Munro Jeremy , Naples Richard , Oubre Candace , Robarge Drew , Snyder Sara , Spillane Jennifer , Tomerlin Melinda , Villanueva Luis , White Alexander 
Published: September 2023

Applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have become pervasive in our everyday lives. These applications range from the mundane (asking ChatGPT to write a thank you note) to high-end science (predicting future weather patterns in the face of climate change), but because they rely on human-generated or mediated data, they also have the potential to perpetuate systemic oppression and racism. For museums and other cultural heritage institutions, there is great interest in automating the kinds of applications at which AI and ML can excel, e.g., tasks in computer vision including image segmentation, object recognition (labeling or identifying objects in an image), and natural language processing (e.g. named-entity recognition, topic modeling, generation of word and sentence embeddings) in order to make digital collections and archives discoverable, searchable, and appropriately tagged.
A coalition of staff, fellows, and interns working in digital spaces at the Smithsonian Institution, who are either engaged with research using AI or ML tools, or working closely with digital data in other ways, came together to discuss the promise and potential peril of applying AI and ML at scale and this work results from those conversations. Here we present the process that has led to the development of an AI Values Statement and an implementation plan, including the release of datasets with accompanying documentation to enable these data to be used with improved context and reproducibility (dataset cards). We plan to continue releasing dataset cards, and for AI and ML applications, model cards, in order to enable informed usage of Smithsonian data and research products.
Anthropologie des nouvelles règles de table
Authors: Parise Fanny 
Published: September 2023

L’auteure, anthropologue de la consommation, suggère que l’étude de nos pratiques alimentaires offre une fenêtre fascinante sur les structures de domination et la reproduction des élites dans une époque de permacrise. En mettant un éclairage sur les « mangeurs hors pair », elle révèle la manière dont les systèmes de pouvoir sont reproduits et contestés par les choix alimentaires. Par l’intermédiaire de la « magie alimentaire » et des « festins empoisonnés », l’autrice démontre que même nos actes alimentaires les plus quotidiens sont imprégnés de significations sociales, économiques et environnementales profondes. Elle conclut en anticipant une transition vers une alimentation plus simplifiée et collective, qui pourrait contester les structures de pouvoir existantes et offrir une alternative aux régimes alimentaires particuliers qui prévalent actuellement.
La perception raciste du visage d’après Félix Guattari
Authors: Chamois Camille 
Published: September 2023

Selon Félix Guattari les systèmes de coercition matériels sont progressivement remplacés au XX e siècle par des techniques de « modelage des systèmes perceptifs », à la fois plus douces et plus prenantes. Pour rendre compte de cette théorie de la socialisation de la perception et des ses enjeux socio-politiques nous nous focalisons sur la perception du visage d’autrui en soulignant l’ensemble des biais perceptifs (notamment racistes) identifiés par Guattari. Une étude approfondie des modalités d’apprentissage perceptif permet d’actualiser une dimension souvent inaperçue de la pensée de Guattari.
L’art de l’utopie
Authors: Pourhosseini Behrang 
Published: September 2023

Si le cercle des « Méditateurs » a abandonné l’exposition de l’art pour le rendre vivant, ce n’est pas sans se heurter à des paradoxes indépassables qui sont en fin de compte ceux de l’art romantique dans ses visées socio-politiques. Le télescopage du passé et de l’avenir se traduit dans leur démarche par la restauration de l’âge d’or grec ; cet art qui se veut être une action politique est avant tout un appel à la pureté
Adolescent hope and optimism: A scoping review of measures and their psychometric properties
Authors: Chongwo Esther J. , Too Ezra K. , Mabrouk Adam A. , Abubakar Amina 
Published: September 2023

There is much research examining adolescent hope and optimism, but there is limited information on the available measures, particularly the most frequently used measures and their psychometric properties. We conducted a scoping review to: (1) identify measures of hope and optimism for use among adolescents; (2) determine the most frequently used measures of adolescent hope and optimism; (3) document the psychometric properties of the identified measures. We searched five bibliographic databases and Open Grey for relevant articles published from database inception to 03 May 2023. The search included the key terms ‘adolescents’, ‘optimism’, ‘hope’ and ‘measures’. We targeted adolescents aged 10–19 years without country or gender restrictions. We identified 86 measures of optimism and 64 measures of hope for use among adolescents from 803 eligible studies. Most of the included studies (n = 341, 42.5%) originated from North America. We identified 22 most frequently used measures used across 603 (75.1%) of the included studies, with 509 (84.4%) of them providing their psychometric properties. The reported validity of the tools included face, content, construct, criterion, convergent, discriminant, predictive validity and measurement invariance. There are several measures of adolescent hope and optimism. The most frequently used measures of these constructs demonstrated sound psychometric properties, especially reliability. However, most of the evidence originates from high-income countries. There is a need for development, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of these tools to other settings.Contribution: Hope and optimism are character strengths that have been consistently linked to positive health outcomes in adolescents. Based on increasing research on adolescent hope and optimism, there have been measures developed to assess these constructs but there is no study summarising the available measures, particularly regarding the most frequently used measures and their reliability and validity across contexts. This study aimed at filling this gap. Information on this will be useful to various stakeholders to make evidence-informed choice on selection of the most relevant instrument for use in adolescents in their contexts.
The influence of foundation restoration type and ceramic thickness on the final color of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic
Authors: Nikanjam Saeed , Tayebi Soudeh 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Similarity in the appearance of a monolithic restoration with the adjacent teeth is necessary. This study aims to influence the foundation material type and ceramic thickness on the final color of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) ceramic.

Materials and Methods:
In this experimental study, the A2 translucent blocks of ZLS were sectioned into rectangular specimens with thicknesses 1, 1.5, and 2 mm (n = 15). Substructure materials include resin composite (B1, D2, A2, A3, and C3), nickel chrome alloy, amalgam, and white and black substrate. Substructure material of resin composite with A2 color was proposed as the control group. The value of the color difference (ΔE00) is calculated by the CIEDE2000 formula. Data analysis was accomplished by two-factor repeated measures ANOVA and one-sample t-test (α =0.05).

Results:
The mean value of maximum ΔE00 with a black substrate (12.13 ± 0.17) at 1 mm ceramic thickness and the mean value of minimum ΔE00 with B1 resin composite foundation material (0.02 ± 0.17) at 2 mm ceramic thickness are visible. The significant effect of the foundation restoration type, thickness, and interaction between them is visible on ΔE00 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Different thickness is required to meet ideal esthetic outcomes with different substrates. Under the conditions of this investigation, zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate over black, white, nickel–chromium, and amalgam did not meet acceptable outcomes.
Phellinus igniarius ameliorates renal aging in a rat model of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Wang Zhou-Ting , Tang Yue-Wen , Wan Feng , Yang Ru-Chun , Guo Yan , Zheng Jie , Li You-Gui , He Wei-Ming 
Published: September 2023

Objective:
To comparatively investigate the ameliorative effect of Phellinus igniarius (P. igniarius) on renal aging in a rat model of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS).

Methods:
The FSGS model was established in rats by uninephrectomy combined with tail vein injection of doxorubicin. The FSGS rats were randomly divided into the model group, the P. igniarius decoction group, the P. igniarius polysaccharides group, and the P. igniarius polyphenols group. Molecular indicators of cell senescence, renal function indexes, and podocyte injury markers were tested after ten weeks of intragastric administration. Besides, the pathological renal lesions and the ultrastructural changes were observed.

Results:
FSGS developed in the model group within ten weeks and showed segmental glomerular scarring and renal aging. Following the 10-week intervention, 24 h proteinuria, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, P16INK4α, thrombospondin-1, and transforming growth factor-β1 were decreased in each treatment group, whereas albumin, erythropoietin, nephrin, and podocin were increased; the pathological renal injury was alleviated, and the number of senescent cells was reduced, especially in rats treated with P. igniarius decoction.

Conclusions:

P. igniarius ameliorates renal aging and renal injury in the FSGS rat model. Compared with the effective constituents (polysaccharides and polyphenols), P. igniarius decoction has a better curative effect, which is expected to provide a new therapeutic idea for FSGS.
Inhibitory effect of Cyrtomium falcatum on melanogenesis in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 murine melanoma cells
Authors: Zhou Xian-Rong , Oh Jung Hwan , Karadeniz Fatih , Lee Hyunjung , Kim Hyo Eun , Jo Migeon , Seo Youngwan , Kong Chang-Suk 
Published: September 2023

Objective:
To explore the anti-melanogenic potential of Cyrtomium falcatum.

Methods:
The effects of Cyrtomium falcatum crude extract and its solvent fractions on tyrosinase activity, melanin content, and the expressions of melanogenesis-related genes and proteins were analyzed in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated B16F10 cells.

Results:
α-MSH treatment significantly increased tyrosinase activity, and extracellular and intracellular melanin content, as well as the expression levels of tyrosinase, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 in B16F10 cells. Treatment with Cyrtomium falcatum crude extract and its solvent fractions reduced tyrosinase activity and extracellular and intracellular melanin content and downregulated the expression levels of tyrosinase, MITF, TRP-1, and TRP-2 in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusions:

Cyrtomium falcatum has potential anti-melanogenesis effects and can be used as a potential source material in cosmeceutical industry for the research and development of novel lead molecules with whitening properties.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Conventional Prostheses Against Dual-Mobility Prostheses in the Treatment of Femoral Neck Fractures in Two Separate Groups of Patients: A Clinical Trial Study
Authors: Parhamfar Mohammad , Hosseini Alireza , Khashei Mostafa , Motififard Mehdi , Taravati Amirmohammad , Shirazinejad Somayeh , Afsharirad Ali , Sadeghian Amirhossein , Chaleshtori Ali Sherafati 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Femoral neck fracture is a common posttraumatic injury in the elderly. Currently, orthopedic surgeons conducting total hip arthroplasty (THA) for hip fractures have various prosthetic alternatives. Dual-mobility cup THA is recommended for hip fracture patients to reduce prosthesis dislocation. Therefore, the goal of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of conventional prostheses against dual-mobility prostheses in treating femoral neck fractures in two groups of patients.

Materials and Methods:
The current clinical investigation involved patients with femoral neck fractures. Among approved 84 patients, 44 and 40 were undergoing conventional THA (group A) and dual-mobility THA (group B), respectively. Patients were observed regularly after surgeries, and the same measurements were performed. The data were assembled and entered into SPSS software (version 25, IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) and analyzed. In all analyses, a P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
Eighty-four cases with an average age of 63.97 years were evaluated. In postoperative follow-up, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of Harris hip score, SF-36, and infection (P > 0.05). However, patients who received conventional implants had more dislocation postoperatively (P = 0.045). Regarding the rehabilitation costs, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups, so the group using the conventional implants incurred a higher cost (P = 0.041).

Conclusion:
According to the results, both dual mobility and conventional implants had optimal functional outcomes in patients with femoral neck fractures.
Etiopathology, Clinical and Imaging Characteristics of Border Zone Strokes
Authors: Shah Divyang , Bhutani Neeraj , Varma Anoop Ranjan , Singh Kunwar Karni , Agarwal Priya , Bhargava Abhishek 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
A border zone infarct (BI) is defined as an infarction that is localized to watersheds or border zones in the brain. BI is further classified into cortical border zone infarct (CBZ) and internal border zone infarct (IBZ). This study was conducted to explore the clinical and radiological characteristics of BI.

Materials and Method:
The study was conducted on eligible 400 acute ischemic stroke patients out of which 52 BI patients (diagnosed by the radiologist on DWI MRI images), patients >18 yrs of age were selected and divided into two groups of IBZ and CBZ infarct patients. The degree of intracranial and extracranial stenosis and characteristics on clinical presentation were assessed. The data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 software at significance level p-value <0.05.

Results:
25% and 75% of CBZ and IBZ patients, respectively, had history of presyncope or syncope before stroke. On vascular evaluation, 3.9% and 51.9% were in MCA and ICA stenosis group, respectively. Evidence of cardio embolism was found in 17.3% of patients. 53.3% of CBZ and 53.8% of IBZ patients were in ICA stenosis group, and 6.7% of CBZ and 7.7% of IBZ patients were in MCA stenosis group, with a statistically insignificant relation (p-value >0.05).

Conclusion:
Association of BI with events causing hypotension or hypovolemia is well-established in our study, association of BI with large vessel atherosclerosis is common, and its contribution to CBZ and IBZ seems to be equal.
A Study of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Central Post-Stroke Pain: Traveling Beyond the Pain Pathways
Authors: Porey Camelia , Naik Suprava , Bhoi Sanjeev Kumar , Jha Menka , Samal Priyanka 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Central post-stroke pain (CPSP), seen in the aftermath of a stroke, is an underdiagnosed entity but quite a disabling complication. All the postulated theories regarding the pathogenesis of CPSP point to its origin in the central pain pathways. However, this study attempts to demonstrate the role of other contributing areas in the generation of CPSP.

Materials and Methods:
In this single-center tertiary care hospital-based study, 24 patients with both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes of variable durations were recruited, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) imaging with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) acquisition was done. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the spinothalamic tract (STT), corticospinal tract (CST), superior thalamic radiation (STR), basal ganglia (BG), and primary somatosensory cortex (SSC) were compared between normal and abnormal sides and also in extrathalamic lesions separately.

Results:
Significant differences with lower FA were noted in STT, CST, STR, and SSC and higher ADC values in BG, STR, CST, and SSC on comparison between the normal and lesion sides. On individual sub-analysis, ischemic stroke had significant changes in the FA value of CST and the ADC value of STR and CST, while hemorrhagic stroke had significant changes in the FA and ADC values of STR and SSC, as well as the FA value of STT. In the analysis of the extrathalamic strokes, significance persisted in all the studied parameters except the BG. The CST abnormalities were evident even in patients with clinical motor improvement. On multivariate analysis, visual analogue scale score severity was correlated with thalamic lesions.

Conclusion:
Contrary to the belief that STT is solely responsible for CPSP, the role of CST, STR, BG, and SSC as contributing areas is evident from this study and may be more well established if studied in a larger population.
Study to Compare the Efficacy and Cost-Effectiveness of Various Disease Modifying Drugs in the Management of Multiple Sclerosis in India- An Observational Study
Authors: Sehrawat Mukul , Madhusudhan Santhosh K. , Bakkappa Shubha D. , Devendrappa Srinivas L. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Real-world data on the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease-modifying drugs (DMTs) is lacking in the Indian setting. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of DMTs, and the secondary objective was to evaluate cost-effectiveness and the quality of life (QoL) in these patients.

Method:
Seventy-four patients fulfilling study criteria were recruited in the retrospective observational study, of which 69 completed the study. Primary outcome was measured by annualized relapse rate (ARR), and secondary outcome was measured by WHOQOL-BREF scale, modified Kuppuswamy scale, and rating of DMT scale through a subjective questionnaire.

Results:
Patients on natalizumab, rituximab, and glatiramer acetate showed the highest reduction in ARR. The highest reduction of ARR (2.5) was produced by natalizumab and least by Peg-IFNβ1a (0.5). In QoL analysis, teriflunomide group had the highest average score for both physical health (22.7, SD 4.7) and psychological (21.3, SD 4.0) domains, whereas natalizumab group had the lowest average score. Socio-economic status analysis showed DMF, IFNβ 1a, peg-IFNβ 1a, rituximab, and glatiramer acetate are affordable to the upper middle class and above, whereas natalizumab could be afforded only by high-class strata. Teriflunomide was most affordable annually. Study of adverse drug reactions showed natalizumab was very well tolerated by the study participants.

Conclusion:
Natalizumab, an infusion DMT, was highly effective in terms of reducing the ARR. Rituximab, an off-label DMT, was found to be very effective. Teriflunomide was overall an effective DMT in terms of affordability, QoL balance, and an acceptable ARR reduction.
Effect of Eating Stevia-coated Fennel Seeds on Salivary pH: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yavagal Puja C. , Divyapriya G. K. , Veeresh D. J. , Nadaf Nousheen 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Sugar-coated fennel seeds may exhibit cariogenic challenge, hence substituting sugar with stevia may be beneficial.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess and compare the effect of eating stevia-coated fennel seeds, sucrose-coated fennel seeds, and roasted fennel seeds on salivary pH.

Methodology:
A randomized controlled, Latin square design trial involving 15 female research participants aged 20–23 years were allocated to three intervention groups. Assessment of salivary pH after eating stevia-coated fennel seeds (Group A), sucrose-coated fennel seeds (Group B), and roasted fennel seeds (Group C) was done using salivary pH indicator strips at the baseline and after eating 1.5 g of fennel seeds at 1, 20, and 60 min. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N. Y., USA) was used for statistical analysis. The significant level was fixed at P < 0.05. The inter- and intragroup comparisons of the mean salivary pH were done using one-way and repeated measures ANOVA, respectively, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test.

Results:
There was a significant increase in salivary pH (P < 0.01) at all time intervals from the baseline after eating stevia-coated fennel seeds compared to sucrose-coated and roasted fennel seeds.

Conclusion:
Eating stevia-coated fennel seeds showed a significant increase in salivary pH from the baseline compared to sucrose-coated and roasted fennel seeds, and hence, may serve as an anticariogenic mouth freshener.
Inter-rater Reliability of the Traditional Chinese Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale using a Structured Interview: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Chen Ling , Lin Yu-Hsuan , Cui Yuqing , Flint Jonathan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
The Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is a commonly used tool for assessing depression, but there is no version available in traditional Chinese. In this study, we intended to develop such a version.

Methods:
With a structured interview guide, three raters independently administered the MADRS to a sample of study participants with depressive disorders. The inter-rater reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).

Results:
Twenty study participants completed the assessment by three raters. The data showed significantly higher inter-rater reliability (p < 0.05), with ICC values ranging from 0.90 to 0.97. The high correlation coefficients observed in the total scores between each pair of raters (0.98, 0.98, and 0.99), indicated a high degree of consistency and agreement.

Conclusion:
These findings support the use of the traditional Chinese MADRS as a reliable tool for assessing depressive symptoms in traditional Chinese-speaking Taiwanese populations.
Optimized Deep Learning Model for Disease Prediction in Potato Leaves
Authors: Shrivastava Virendra Kumar , Shelke Chetan J , Shrivastava Aastik , Mohanty Sachi Nandan , Sharma Nonita 
Published: September 2023

Food crops are important for nations and human survival. Potatoes are one of the most widely used foods globally. But there are several diseases hampering potato growth and production as well. Traditional methods for diagnosing disease in potato leaves are based on human observations and laboratory tests which is a cumbersome and time-consuming task. The new age technologies such as artificial intelligence and deep learning can play a vital role in disease detection. This research proposed an optimized deep learning model to predict potato leaf diseases. The model is trained on a collection of potato leaf image datasets. The model is based on a deep convolutional neural network architecture which includes data augmentation, transfer learning, and hyper-parameter tweaking used to optimize the proposed model. Results indicate that the optimized deep convolutional neural network model has produced 99.22% prediction accuracy on Potato Disease Leaf Dataset.