bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evaluation of antioxidant action of green seaweed Boergesenia forbesii extracts
Authors: Gazali M , Husni A , Majid F A A , Zuriat  , Syafitri R , Wahyuni S , Hidayat D 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Boergesenia forbesii is green seaweed in the intertidal Zone of West Aceh that widely distributed in certain season. This study aimed to analyze the activity of antioxidant in green seaweed B. forbesii extract. The samples of B. forbesii were obtained from Intertidal Zone of West Aceh. Subsequently, a vacuum rotary evaporator extracted three solvents based on polarity including methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane solvents. The experimental assays consisted of phytochemical, DPPH antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. The result revealed that the methanol extract (6.26%) yielded the highest rendement, then followed by ethyl acetate extract (4.03%) and n-hexane (0.56%). B. forbesii crude extract have already been detected in phenolic, flavonoid, saponin and steroid compounds. The antioxidant activity measurement with DPPH method indicated that the ethyl acetate extract had higher activity (53.10 mg/L) than methanol crude extract (79.4 mg/L) and n-hexane extract (378.3±0.028 mg/L). It is corroborated with the correlation of TPC and antioxidant activity indicating 99% of scavenging of free radical activity is caused by phenolic groups. The pharmaceutical industry can used in antioxidant agents.
The effectivity of probiotic containing Bacillus spp. applicated in the rearing of mud crab Scylla tranquebarica larvae to produce crablet
Authors: Gunarto  , Herlinah  , Sulaeman  , Muliani  , Tampangalo B R 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Probiotic bacteria in larvae rearing is expected to suppress pathogenic bacteria and improve water quality. The research aimed to determine the effectivity of probiotic bacteria containing Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis on larval rearing of purple mud crab Scylla tranquebarica to produce crablet. The larvae were stocked in nine units of conical fiber tank, fed Rotifers, Brachionus plicatilis, and nauplii Artemia sp. The probiotics tested, namely, A). RICA-4, containing the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, B). RICA-5 containing B. licheniformis, C). A combination of probiotics RICA-4 and RICA-5. The administration of each probiotic with a density of 108 CFU g−1 (5 mg L−1) was given to the water media for larvae rearing. The lowest nitrite and Total Organic Matter in the zoea stage were found in treatment B. At the megalopa stage, treatment B’s lowest TOM concentration occurred and was significantly different (p<0.05) from treatment C. On the other hand, the highest population of Vibrio spp (5.5x103 CFU mL−1) was obtained in treatment A. In contrast, treatment C had the highest bacteria population (4.8x104 CFU mL-1). On day 19, the megalopa in treatment B was more abundant than in treatments A and C causing crablet production in treatment B (280.5±47.50 ind. tank −1) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than crablet production in treatment C (196.5±29.50 ind. tank −1) and A (161.0±21.00 ind. tank −1). Therefore, improving water quality in treatment B may have an important factor in enhancing crablet production.
Mangrove species structure at the Tuntang Estuary, Demak, Central Java
Authors: Rahim A , Soeprobowati T R , Putranto T T 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Tuntang estuary is located in the coastal area of the Demak Regency, which has a considerable mangrove ecosystem potential. However, their persistence is degraded due to land conversion, deforestation, and climate change. Hence, to provide the basis for mangrove conservation in that area, it is essential to gain insight into the mangroves’ composition and structure. Vegetation data were obtained by using a quadratic transect survey method with plot sizes for categories of the tree (10x10 m), sapling (5x5 m), and seedling (2x2 m). The results showed that eleven true mangroves and three mangrove-associated species were found in the mangrove ecosystem of the Tuntang estuary. All true mangrove species are included in the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List of threatened species. The dominant species was Rhizophora mucronata, which showed the most significant important value index of each growth stage. The research area’s biodiversity and dominance index were categorized as very low, but the evenness index was relatively high. The standing structure in the reverse “J” shape is formed by the number of trees and regeneration ratios. The vulnerability to degradation level on density and dominance index parameters was low, while the diversity index parameter was classified as moderate, which displays a potential vulnerability to disturbances. This study highlights that conserving mangrove ecosystems on the coast around the Tuntang estuary is essential to defend the coastal area from abrasion and tidal flooding, which have been problems in the area for long periods.
Seagrass diversity and dugong observation in North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi
Authors: Meidina T S A , Kamal M M , Kurniawan F , Darusman H S , Digdo A A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Dugong is a marine mammal that only eats seagrass. Feeding tracks of dugongs in the seagrass beds indicate their presence. The dugong population is currently experiencing a decline due to habitat destruction and other anthropogenic factors. This study aimed to determine the seagrass diversity and their relationship to the presence of dugongs. The research was conducted in villages of Bahoi, Tarabitan, Bulutui, and Gangga I Island using the seagrass-watch method. Analysis of the data used was the percentage of seagrass cover, density of seagrass species, and indicators of the presence of seagrass, which was carried out by interviewing fishermen and surveying their feeding tracks. The results showed that the waters in the North Minahasa Regency had seven seagrass types. The average percentage of seagrass cover was 61.73% and the density of seagrass species was 766.88 shoots/m2. Feeding tracks observed in three locations, in Bahoi, Tarabitan, and Bulutui villages. The most tracks of feeding tracks were in Bahoi Village, with the type of seagrass that dominated being eaten by dugongs was Halodule pinifolia. Based on the results obtained, it concluded that certain types of seagrass are related to the location of the emergence of dugongs in the North Minahasa Regency.
The abundance of coral diseases and compromise health in marine protected areas on Dampier waters, Raja Ampat
Authors: Johan O , Idris  
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The extent of coral reefs, coral biodiversity, and associated biota are known as high mega biodiversity in Indonesian waters, in other words, The Coral Triangle. Threats of coral damage have also been widely reported, including deaths due to natural factors. Coral disease is a natural factor that is not widely known for its existence around Indonesian waters. This study was conducted to obtain the abundance of coral disease by using a belt transect method of 20 m long with a width of 50 cm to the left and right of the transect line, then carried out three replications at ten observation stations in Dampier waters, Raja Ampat. The study obtained data on the abundance of coral diseases that infect eight coral genera ranging from 0-23 col/60 m2, the highest station at station 8 (23 col/60 m2). There were six types of coral disease found in the Dampier Strait MPA, including WS, BrBD, FB, AtN, Bleaching, and Tumor. The highest abundance was found in WS disease (65 col/60m2). Coral health confounding factors were found in 336 colonies with abundance at different stations ranging from 14 – 97 col/60 m2. The highest abundance was found at station 5 (97 col/60 m2), a high stressor due to being located at sub-zona Sasi and traditional use. The existence of the disease is not classified as an outbreak. However, it is necessary to be careful if there is an increase in the number of new infection cases in the exact location or other places in Indonesia.
Social, economic, and institutional assessments of thresher shark (Alopias pelagicus) fisheries management at Kutaraja Ocean Fishing Port, Banda Aceh: an ecosystem approach
Authors: Mardhatillah I , Taurusman A A , Sondita M F A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The pelagic thresher shark (Alopias pelagicus) is the dominant bycatch that landed at the Kutaraja Ocean Fishing Port. This species has been considered endangered and listed under CITES Appendix II. Some fishers of purse seiners and handliners from Kutaraja Fishing Port catch the thresher sharks, but the catch is considered the bycatch of these types of fishing fleets. These fishing practices have promoted conflict among fishers and illegal fishing practices and reduced the income of the fishers. This study aims to assess the management status of A. pelagicus fishery involving the purse seiners and handliners by EAFM framework; and to formulate management measures promoting the sustainability of the shark population based on social, economic, and institutional aspects. This research was conducted through field measurement and interviews with key stakeholders. A composite index technique analyzed data in frame of EAFM. The social aspect of the fisheries management showed a ‘very good’ status (score of 83.3%), while the economic aspect was of ‘good’ category (score of 66.7%) and the institutional governance aspect was of ‘poor’ category (score of 33.3%). Thus, the institutional aspect of management needs to be improved to achieve sustainability of the pelagic thresher shark fishery in terms of socio-economic and governance. This study recommends the implementation of a profit-sharing system as regulated by the government, implementing local wisdom related to fisheries, reducing sharks for local consumption and trading, formulating sustainable shark policy, providing facilities and conducting regular monitoring action for shark fisheries.
Population Dynamic Parameters and Length Based Spawning Potential Ratio (LB-SPR) of Red Snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) in The Eastern Java Sea
Authors: Hapsari A D , Zairion  , Kamal M M , Kosasih G , Saputra A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Decision in fisheries management must be made based on the best scientific evidence available. In the poor data fisheries, the fish length data can be useful to determine the status of fish population after its exploitation. The target species of the studied fisheries is the red snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) in the eastern Java Sea. This study aims to analyze the stock status of red snapper in the eastern Java Sea using Length Based Spawning Potential Ratio (LB-SPR) method. Data collection was done from November 2020 until April 2021. This study separated the analysis of the population dynamic parameters between male and female fish. The growth parameters of male fish was Lt = 92.20 (1 – e−0.27(t-0.07)), with natural mortality (M) of 0.35, fishing mortality (F) of 0.63, and total mortality (Z) of 0.98 per-year. Whereas for female fish, Lt = 91.09 (1 – e−0.29(t-0.44)), with M of 0.38, F of 1.40, and Z of 1.78. The exploitation rate (E) for males was 0.64, and for the female was 0.79. The spawning potential ratio (SPR) was 17%, below the limit reference point of 30% SPR. The current utilization rate of the red snapper in the eastern Java Sea must be reduced to ensure its sustainability.
Spin–orbit and exchange proximity couplings in graphene/1T-TaS2 heterostructure triggered by a charge density wave
Authors: Szałowski Karol , Milivojević Marko , Kochan Denis , Gmitra Martin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Proximity-induced fine features and spin-textures of the electronic bands in graphene-based van der Waals heterostructures can be explored from the point of tailoring a twist angle. Here we study spin–orbit coupling and exchange coupling engineering of graphene states in the proximity of 1T-TaS2 not triggering the twist, but a charge density wave (CDW) in 1T-TaS2—a realistic low-temperature phase. Using density functional theory and effective model we found that the emergence of the CDW in 1T-TaS2 significantly enhances Rashba spin–orbit splitting in graphene and tilts the spin texture by a significant Rashba angle—in a very similar way as in the conventional twist-angle scenarios. Moreover, the partially filled Ta d-band in the CDW phase leads to the spontaneous emergence of the in-plane magnetic order that transgresses via proximity from 1T-TaS2 to graphene, hence, simultaneously superimposing along the spin–orbit also the exchange coupling proximity effect. To describe this intricate proximity landscape we have developed an effective model Hamiltonian and provided a minimal set of parameters that excellently reproduces all the spectral features predicted by the first-principles calculations. Conceptually, the CDW provides a highly interesting knob to control the fine features of electronic states and to tailor the superimposed proximity effects—a sort of twistronics without twist.
A novel and predictive process of manufacturing 3DN C/SiC torque tube
Authors: Zhao Hui , Zhang Jiaxin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this research, a novel method of CVI + RMI 3DN C/SiC torque tube preparation has been researched. CVI + RMI 3DN C/SiC flat panel was evaluated by Archimedes drainage method for density and open porosity, SEM for morphological characterization, XRD for phase composition characterization, and chemical method for composition mass and volume content. It has an average density of 2.19 g cm−3, and open porosity of 10%. The computed chemical composition method findings are undoubtedly in line with the fiber design volume percentage of 30%. Tensile and shear mechanical tests on 3DN C/SiC standard sample were investigated, with good performance. The average tensile and shear strength was 141.64 MPa and 86.24 MPa respectively. 3DN C/SiC torque tubes were prepared by the same process, and the torsional mechanical tests were carried out. According to the mechanical parameters of the flat panel 3DN C/SiC sample, the mechanical properties of stress distribution and shear stress-strain curves for the torque tube are predicted by using the finite element simulation method, which is in good agreement with the test results. The test and simulation error of the maximum shear strength is only about 2%.
Key issues in microstructure modeling of 3D braided composites
Authors: Wang Zhen , Liu Shuai , Zhao Zhigao , Liu Fang , Zhang Hui , Shen Min 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Numerical analysis based on micromechanics is an effective method to study the mechanical properties of three-dimensional (3D) braided composites, in which the establishment of micromechanics model is the basis of mechanical analysis. The direction cosine of fiber yarns and the characterization of geometric parameters of microstructure are two key issues in the modeling of microstructure. Focusing on these two key issues, the three-cell model of 3D four-directional braided composites are studied to comprehensively analyze various spatial directions of fiber yarns in the 45° division and horizontal division of unit cell, so as to obtain the detailed fiber yarn direction cosine. Aiming at the cross sections of three types of fiber yarns, the complex relationship between the braiding process parameters and the geometric parameters of the unit cell is analyzed and deduced. The unit cell structure is quantitatively characterized by using the braiding process parameters as the initial parameters, and the calculation methods of the volume fraction of fiber yarns and yarn filling coefficient are obtained. Finally, the predicted elastic constants by stiffness-volume averaging method are compared with experimental results, demonstrating the analysis results of fiber yarns directions. This paper can provide a theoretical reference for the microstructure modeling of 3D multi-directional braided composites, and has certain practical value in engineering.
Robust simulation-based inference in cosmology with Bayesian neural networks
Authors: Lemos Pablo , Cranmer Miles , Abidi Muntazir , Hahn ChangHoon , Eickenberg Michael , Massara Elena , Yallup David , Ho Shirley 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Simulation-based inference (SBI) is rapidly establishing itself as a standard machine learning technique for analyzing data in cosmological surveys. Despite continual improvements to the quality of density estimation by learned models, applications of such techniques to real data are entirely reliant on the generalization power of neural networks far outside the training distribution, which is mostly unconstrained. Due to the imperfections in scientist-created simulations, and the large computational expense of generating all possible parameter combinations, SBI methods in cosmology are vulnerable to such generalization issues. Here, we discuss the effects of both issues, and show how using a Bayesian neural network framework for training SBI can mitigate biases, and result in more reliable inference outside the training set. We introduce cosmoSWAG, the first application of stochastic weight averaging to cosmology, and apply it to SBI trained for inference on the cosmic microwave background.
Prognostic Value of Low-Pass Whole Genome Sequencing of Circulating Tumor DNA in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Nørgaard Maibritt , Bjerre Marianne T , Fredsøe Jacob , Vang Søren , Jensen Jørgen B , De Laere Bram , Grönberg Henrik , Borre Michael , Lindberg Johan , Sørensen Karina D 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundMultiple treatments are available for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), including androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI) enzalutamide and abiraterone, but therapy resistance remains a major clinical obstacle. We examined the clinical utility of low-pass whole-genome sequencing (LPWGS) of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) for prognostication in mCRPC.MethodsA total of 200 plasma samples from 143 mCRPC patients collected at the start of first-line ARSI treatment (baseline) and at treatment termination (n = 57, matched) were analyzed by LPWGS (median: 0.50X) to access ctDNA% and copy number alteration (CNA) patterns. The best confirmed prostate specific antigen (PSA) response (≥50% decline [PSA50]), PSA progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were used as endpoints. For external validation, we used plasma LPWGS data from an independent cohort of 70 mCRPC patients receiving first-line ARSI.ResultsBaseline ctDNA% ranged from ≤3.0% to 73% (median: 6.6%) and CNA burden from 0% to 82% (median: 13.1%) in the discovery cohort. High ctDNA% and high CNA burden at baseline was associated with poor PSA50 response (P = 0.0123/0.0081), poor PFS (P &lt; 0.0001), and poor OS (P &lt; 0.0001). ctDNA% and CNA burden was higher at PSA progression than at baseline in 32.7% and 42.3% of the patients. High ctDNA% and high CNA burden at baseline was also associated with poor PFS and OS (P ≤ 0.0272) in the validation cohort.ConclusionsLPWGS of ctDNA provides clinically relevant information about the tumor genome in mCRPC patients. Using LPWGS data, we show that high ctDNA% and CNA burden at baseline is associated with short PFS and OS in 2 independent cohorts.
Deconvolution of BNP and NT-proBNP Immunoreactivities by Mass Spectrometry in Heart Failure and Sacubitril/Valsartan Treatment
Authors: Nougué Hélène , Michel Thibault , Picard François , Lassus Johan , Sadoune Malha , Laribi Said , Cohen-Solal Alain , Logeart Damien , Launay Jean-Marie , Vodovar Nicolas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundElevated BNP and the N-terminal fragment of the proBNP (NT-proBNP) are hallmarks of heart failure (HF). Generally, both biomarkers parallel each other. In patients receiving sacubitril/valsartan, BNP remained stable while NT-proBNP decreased. As BNP and NT-proBNP assays have limited specificity due to cross-reactivity, we quantified by mass spectrometry (MS) the contributing molecular species.MethodsWe included 356 healthy volunteers, 100 patients with acute dyspnoea (49 acute decompensated HF; 51 dyspnoea of non-cardiac origin), and 73 patients with chronic HF and reduced ejection fraction treated with sacubitril/valsartan. BNP and NT-proBNP immunoreactivities (BNPir and NT-proBNPir) were measured by immunoassays (Abbott ARCHITECT and Roche Diagnostics proBNPII) and proBNP-derived peptides and glycosylation at serine 44 by MS on plasma samples.ResultsBNPir corresponded to the sum of proBNP1–108, BNP1–32, BNP3–32, and BNP5–32 (R2 = 0.9995), while NT-proBNPir corresponded to proBNP1–108 and NT-proBNP1–76 not glycosylated at serine 44 (R2 = 0.992). NT-proBNPir was better correlated (R2 = 0.9597) than BNPir (R2 = 0.7643) with proBNP signal peptide (a surrogate of proBNP production). In patients receiving sacubitril/valsartan, non-glycosylated NT-proBNP1–76 remained constant (P = 0.84) despite an increase in NT-proBNP1–76 and its glycosylation (P &lt; 0.0001). ProBNP1–108 remained constant (P = 0.12) while its glycosylation increased (P &lt; 0.0001), resulting in a decrease in non-glycosylated proBNP1–108 (P &lt; 0.0001), and in NT-proBNPir.ConclusionsGlycosylation interfered with NT-proBNPir measurement, explaining the discrepant evolution of these 2 biomarkers in patients receiving sacubitril/valsartan. Both BNPir and NT-proBNPir are surrogates of proBNP1–108 production, NT-proBNPir being more robust in the clinical contexts studied.
Intergenerational effects of parental unemployment on infant health: evidence from Swedish register data
Authors: Högberg Björn , Baranowska-Rataj Anna , Voßemer Jonas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Parental unemployment can have detrimental effects on life chances of the children, and thereby reinforce inequalities across generations. Despite a substantial literature documenting that the health of infants at birth can have large and long-lasting consequences, research on intergenerational unemployment effects on infant health is scant. This study fills the gap using high-quality register data from Sweden, including 1.5 million siblings born between 1996 and 2017. To account for selection into unemployment, we employ sibling comparison designs that exploit variation in siblings’ exposure to parental unemployment, thereby accounting for stable but unmeasured confounding at the level of families. We find small and not consistently significant effects of maternal unemployment, and no effects of paternal unemployment. Our results also suggest that pre-existing social disadvantages—low education, migration background, and dual parental unemployment—are not associated with more adverse intergenerational unemployment effects. The discussion of our findings situates these results in the context of a relatively generous and egalitarian welfare state.