bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASL MRI informs blood flow to chronic stroke lesions in patients with aphasia
Authors: Krishnamurthy Lisa C. , Glassman Clara , Han Joo H. , Song Serena E. , Denmon Chanse , Weatherill Maryanne , Rodriguez Amy D. , Crosson Bruce A. , Krishnamurthy Venkatagiri 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Response to post-stroke aphasia language rehabilitation is difficult to anticipate, mainly because few predictors can help identify optimal, individualized treatment options. Imaging techniques, such as Voxel-based Lesion Symptom Mapping have been useful in linking specific brain areas to language behavior; however, further development is required to optimize the use of structural and physiological information in guiding individualized treatment for persons with aphasia (PWA). In this study, we will determine if cerebral blood flow (CBF) mapped in patients with chronic strokes can be further used to understand stroke-related factors and behavior.Methods: We collected perfusion MRI data using pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling (pCASL) using a single post-labeling delay of 2,200 ms in 14 chronic PWA, along with high-resolution structural MRI to compute maps of tissue damage using Tissue Integrity Gradation via T2w T1w Ratio (TIGR). To quantify the CBF in chronic stroke lesions, we tested at what point spatial smoothing should be applied in the ASL analysis pipeline. We then related CBF to tissue damage, time since stroke, age, sex, and their respective cross-terms to further understand the variability in lesion CBF. Finally, we assessed the feasibility of computing multivariate brain-behavior maps using CBF and compared them to brain-behavior maps extracted with TIGR MRI.Results: We found that the CBF in chronic stroke lesions is significantly reduced compared to its homologue grey and white matter regions. However, a reliable CBF signal (although smaller than expected) was detected to reveal a negative relationship between CBF and increasing tissue damage. Further, the relationship between the lesion CBF and age, sex, time since stroke, and tissue damage and cross-terms suggested an aging-by-disease interaction. This relationship was strongest when smoothing was applied in the template space. Finally, we show that whole-brain CBF relates to domain-general visuospatial functioning in PWA. The CBF-based brain-behavior maps provide unique and complementary information to structural (lesion-based) brain-behavior maps.Discussion: Therefore, CBF can be detected in chronic stroke lesions using a standard pCASL MRI acquisition and is informative at the whole-brain level in identifying stroke rehabilitation targets in PWAs due to its relationship with demographic factors, stroke-related factors, and behavior.
Practice of pharmaceutical services and prescription analysis in internet-based psychiatric hospitals during COVID-19 pandemic in Wuxi, China
Authors: Du Zhiqiang , Jiang Ying , Lu Rongrong , Zhou Qin , Pan Yiting , Shen Yuan , Zhu Haohao 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo study the practice of pharmaceutical services in internet-based psychiatric hospitals, and to analyze the prescriptions to ensure the safety and efficacy of internet-based medication in Wuxi, China.MethodsAll 1,259 internet-based prescriptions from our hospital in 2022 were collected, and data on patients’ age, gender, diagnosis, medications used, medication types, dosage forms, rationality of medication use, and reasons for irrationality were analyzed through descriptive statistics.ResultsIn the electronic prescriptions of internet-based psychiatric hospitals, females accounted for the majority (64.50%), with a female-to-male ratio of 1.82:1. Middle-aged and young adults accounted for the majority of patients (57.50%). There were 47 diagnosed diseases involved, with 89 types of medications used and 1,938prescriptions issued. Among them, there were 78 types of western medicine with 1,876 prescriptions (96.80%), and 11 types of traditional Chinese medicine with 62 prescriptions (3.20%). The main medications used were anti-anxiety and antidepressant medications (44.94%) and psychiatric medications (42.21%). The dosage forms were all oral, with tablets (78.53%), capsules (17.54%), and solution preparations (2.17%) being the top three in frequency. According to the prescription review results, the initial pass rate of internet-based system review was 64.26%. After intervention by the internet-based system and manual review by pharmacist reviewers, the final pass rate of internet-based prescriptions reached 99.76%.ConclusionThe practice of pharmaceutical services and prescription analysis in internet-based psychiatric hospitals could significantly improve medication rationality, which fills the research gap in this field. In addition, it promotes the transformation of pharmaceutical service models.
Relationships between internalized stigma and depression and suicide risk among queer youth in the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Williams Denise Yookong , Hall William J. , Dawes Hayden C. , Srivastava Ankur , Radtke Spenser R. , Ramon Magdelene , Bouchard D. , Chen Wan-Ting , Goldbach Jeremy T. 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundQueer youth experience high rates of depression and suicidality. These disparities stem from stigma-based stressors, including internalized stigma (i.e., negative social views that minoritized individuals internalize about their own identity). Given the importance of this factor in understanding mental health disparities among queer youth, we completed a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the relationships between internalized stigma and outcomes of depression and suicide risk (i.e., suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-injury, and suicidal behavior).MethodsWe followed the PRISMA standards. Six bibliographic databases were searched for studies in the United States from September 2008 to March 2022. Dual independent screening of search results was performed based on a priori inclusion criteria.ResultsA total of 22 studies were included for data extraction and review. Most studies examined general internalized homophobia, with few examining internalized biphobia or transphobia. Many studies examined depression as an outcome, few studies examined suicidal ideation or behavior, and no studies examined non-suicidal self-injury. Meta-analyses model results show the association between general internalized queer stigma and depressive symptoms ranged r = 0.19, 95% CI [0.14, 0.25] to r = 0.24, 95% CI [0.19, 0.29], the latter reflecting more uniform measures of depression. The association between internalized transphobia and depressive outcomes was small and positive (r = 0.21, 95% CI [−0.24, 0.67]). General internalized queer stigma and suicidal ideation had a very weak positive association (r = 0.07, 95% CI [−0.27, 0.41]) and an even smaller, weaker positive association with suicide attempt (r = 0.02, 95% CI [0.01, 0.03]).ConclusionImplications for clinical practice, policy, and future research are discussed.
Determinants of postharvest losses along the baobab value chain in Malawi
Authors: Cossam Foster Geoffrey , Dzanja Joseph Kuyamba , Kamwana Bonnet , Olumeh Dennis Etemesi , Mithöfer Dagmar 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionWild fruits like Baobab are gaining status as a valuable food resource worldwide. As with other crops, the reduction of post-harvest losses is critical to enhancing sustainable utilisation of wild food resources. However, little information is documented on the magnitude and determinants of post-harvest losses (PHLs) amongst Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), and baobab in particular.MethodsThis study used cross-sectional data collected from six districts to analyse PHLs along the baobab value chain in Malawi. A multistage sampling technique was used to sample 405 collectors, 96 traders, and 316 processors. Two-limit Tobit models were used to ascertain correlates of PHLs at each value chain level. The study quantified the value of PHLs and assessed the effect of socioeconomic factors on PHLs amongst baobab actors.ResultsWe found that actors in the baobab value chain lose 7.78% of the total value of products held through PHLs. The results also showed that different sets of socioeconomic factors variably influenced PHLs amongst different value chain actors in the baobab value chain. For instance, gender was found to only correlate with PHLs amongst collectors. Whilst marital status was positively correlated with PHLs amongst collectors, and had a negative relationship amongst processors. PHLs at traders’ level are influenced by the number of people employed by an actor, the ability of customers to specify product attributes, and a proportional reduction in sales volume due to COVID-19. The study recommends the provision of training in PHLs management, and the formulating and enforcing of Baobab product handling standards.
Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles: Antifungal and Cytotoxic Potential for Further Dental Applications
Authors: Klein Widadh , Ismail Enas , Maboza Ernest , Hussein Ahmed A. , Adam Razia Z. 
Published: July 2023

Fungal infections caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans) are one of the most prevalent types of oral disorders in the elderly. It has been reported that drug resistance to fungal pathogens poses a severe risk to global healthcare systems and public health. Therefore, the goal of this work is to investigate the cytotoxic and antifungal properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced using three different natural extracts: Berzelia lanuginose, Helichrysum cymosum, and Searsia crenata. According to the UV-Vis results, the synthesized AgNPs via B. lanuginose, H. cymosum, and S. crenata show surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) peaks at 430, 440, and 428 nm, respectively. HR-TEM revealed different shapes for the nanoparticles within the size ranges of 16–20, 31–60, and 57–72 nm for B. lanuginose, H. cymosum, and S. crenata, respectively. Using a human oral fibroblast cell line, the cytotoxicity of both AgNPs and plant extracts was tested at concentrations of 0.007, 0.012, 0.025, and 0.062 mg/mL (buccal mucosa fibroblasts). The antifungal activity showed growth inhibition zones of approximately 18 mm, 18.67 mm, and 18.33 mm for the AgNPs conjugated with B. lanuginose, H. cymosum, and S. crenata, respectively. For the studied samples, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) was less than 0.015 mg/mL. The AgNPs exhibited antifungal activity that was concentration- and size-dependent. The results of this study offer new insights into the cytotoxicity and antifungal activity of the green-synthesized AgNPs.
Composition and properties of saliva in the mechanisms of dental caries development during the adaptation of school-age children of the indigenous and immigrant population in the Far North
Authors: Zyryanov B. N. 
Published: July 2023

Aim. To study the composition and properties of saliva in the mechanisms of dental caries development in school-age children of indigenous and immigrant population during adaptation to the Far North.Materials and methods. The prevalence and intensity of dental caries were determined in 315 school-age children of the indigenous and immigrant population of the Far North, and the content of ionized calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, their coefficients, the rate of saliva secretion, the amount of its sediment, and the hydrogen index were studied in saliva. A total of 630 clinical and 3780 laboratory parameters were obtained.Results. A violation of the composition and properties of saliva in immigrant children of the Arctic who have been living in this region for a long time has been revealed. This disorder contributes to the growth of dental caries in alien school-age children.Conclusions. The composition and properties of saliva in the process of adaptation of alien children to the conditions of the Arctic play an important role in the mechanisms of dental caries development.
Analysis of the biocompatibility of various types of filling materials with the pulp-periodontal complex according to protein spectrum of gingival crevicular fluid
Authors: Ostanina D. A. , Archakov K. A. , Mitronin Yu. A. , Antonova O. A. , Mitronin A. V. 
Published: July 2023

Relevance. In practical dentistry, composite materials, cements, amalgam and metal-free ceramics are used to restore defects in hard tissues of teeth. Research data indicate that the type of filling material can affect the state of the pulpperiodontal complex of the tooth and lead to its degenerative changes.Aim. To study the state of the pulp-periodontal complex according to the protein spectrum of the gingival crevicular fluid of teeth filled with various types of restorative materials.Materials and methods. In the course of the study, the gingival crevicular fluid of the teeth was taken from 4 groups of patients using absorbent paper points of size 20 according to ISO: group 1 (control) – healthy teeth (n = 32); group 2 – composite materials (n = 12); group 3 – amalgam (n = 11); group 4 – metal-free ceramics E-max (n = 9). The activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was studied in the obtained samples of gingival crevicular fluid using spectrophotometric analysis. Results. In the gingival fluid eluates, no statistically significant differences in the activity of ALT and AST enzymes were found between the studied groups. ALP activity in group 3 was 1.5 times higher than in groups 2, 4 and control, and the level of LDH in group 3 was 1.5 times higher than in groups 2, 4 and control.Conclusion. It was found that composite material and E-max metal-free ceramics have the best biocompatibility with teeth tissues, and the greatest changes in the protein spectrum of gingival fluid were detected in amalgam fillings.
Christian Ethics toward Artificial Intelligence and Its Impacts on Humanity
Authors: Tandana Ester Agustini 
Published: July 2023

Artificial Intelligence innovation presents a huge number of moral concerns, many of which are being effectively considered by organizations extending from small groups in respectful society to expansive organizations and governments. In any case, it too presents ethical concerns which are not being effectively considered. This paper presents a broad overview of twelve themes in morals in AI, counting work, straightforwardness, fiendish utilize, good use, predisposition, unemployment, socio-economic imbalance, ethical computerization and human de-skilling, robot awareness and rights, reliance, social-psychological effects, and otherworldly impacts. Each of these themes will be given a brief talk, although each deserves much more profound consideration. This research offers a comprehensive overview of the main ethical issues linked to the impact of Artificial Intelligence on human society based on Christian ethics. Artificial Intelligence is the use of technologies to do things that would normally demand human intelligence. In many areas of human existence, Artificial Intelligence has speedily and radically affected human civilization and the ways we intermingle with each other.
Physiological and Histopathological Effects of Nettle Seed (Urtica Pilulifera), Grape Seed (Vitis Vinifera), Flax Seed (Linum Usitatissimum) in Broiler.
Authors: COMBA Bahat , YILDIRIM Serkan , COMBA Arzu , ARSLAN AKVERAN Gönül 
Published: July 2023

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of nettle seed, grape seed and flax seed added to the broiler diet on body weight, electrocardiogram, hematological and histopathological parameters.
Materials and Methods: In this study 40 daily Ross 308 female broilers were used. Chicks were divided into 4 groups of 10 chicks each. During 42 days, in addition to standard broiler feed, nettle seed, grape seed and flax seed with 30 gr/kg/day were added to group II, III, IV, respectively. The values of erythrocyte (RBC), leukocyte (WBC), platelet (PLT), hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (Hb) and percentages of white blood cell were determined by conventional methods. The liver, kidney, spleen and lung tissues held in formaldehyde (10%), were passed through the alcohol and xylose serial in routine tissue tracking and were buried in paraffin blocks. They were prepeared on the lam and stained with Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and examined by light microscopy.
Results: It was determined that body weight was higher in control group than those in the other groups in the second weighing and there was a decrease in the number of heart breath in the group IV (p≤0.05). There was no significant difference with regard to hematological and histopathological findings.
Conclusion: Even if the additionally nettle seed, grape seed and flax seed (30 mg/kg) to broiler rations did not have any positive effect on body weight gain, it is also important that it has no negative effect on blood, heart, liver, kidney, lung and spleen.
Investigation of the Morphologic and Scanned Electron Microscopic Properties of Wild Boar Bristles in the Balikesir Region
Authors: ATALGIN Şükrü Hakan , CAN Mehmet , ÇELENK Alper 
Published: July 2023

Objective: Determination of species from animal hair is an effective method in veterinary forensic investigations, research, endangered species and prevention of poaching. Since the bristles are resistant to deterioration, they can be stored as evidence for many years. In addition, pig bristles are often used in making brushes. When these brushes are used in the food industry, it raises questions about halal food. This study aimed to identify these hairs by examining the hair structure of wild pigs living in the Balıkesir region and revealing their characteristics.
Materials and Methods: The bristles of 3 wild boars obtained from the İvrindi region were used. After the hairs taken from different parts of the pigs were cleaned, stereomicroscopy and macroscopic examination were performed and routine procedures were applied for scanning electron microscopic imaging.
Result: In stereomicroscopy and macroscopic examination, it was determined that the length and thickness of the hairs in different regions varied significantly. In the study, the hairs were generally bifurcated from the upper 1/3 part. In the scanning electron microscopic images, the hardened cuticle patterns on the hair shaft, which have a scaly appearance, were detected, and their measurements were made. Scanning electron microscopic images determined that there were very small bifurcations from the hair shaft. However, it was thought that these bristles could not be used for species separation, since these parts would break off in the bristles used as brushes. Significant images could not be obtained in cross-sections.
Conclusion: It is thought that it will be used as a source for the identification of the hairs of wild boars in the Balıkesir region.
The role of thermokarst evolution in debris flow initiation (Hüttekar Rock Glacier, Austrian Alps)
Authors: Seelig Simon , Wagner Thomas , Krainer Karl , Avian Michael , Olefs Marc , Haslinger Klaus , Winkler Gerfried 
Published: July 2023

Abstract. A rapid sequence of cascading events involving thermokarst lake outburst, local rock glacier front failure, debris flow development, and river blockage hit Radurschl Valley (Ötztal Alps, Tyrol) on 13 August 2019. Compounding effects from permafrost degradation and drainage network development within the rock glacier initiated the complex process chain. The debris flow dammed the main river of the valley, impounding a water volume of 120 000 m3 that was partly drained by excavation to prevent a potentially catastrophic outburst flood. We present a systematic analysis of destabilizing factors to deduce the failure mechanism. The identification and evaluation of individual factors reveals a critical combination of topographical and sedimentological disposition, climate, and weather patterns driving the evolution of a thermokarst drainage network. Progressively changing groundwater flow and storage patterns within the frozen sediment accumulation governed the slope stability of the rock glacier front. Our results demonstrate the hazard potential of active rock glaciers due to their large amount of mobilizable sediment, dynamically changing internal structure, thermokarst lake development, and substantial water flow along a rapidly evolving channel network.
Meltwater runoff and glacier mass balance in the high Arctic: 1991–2022 simulations for Svalbard
Authors: Schmidt Louise Steffensen , Schuler Thomas Vikhamar , Thomas Erin Emily , Westermann Sebastian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract. The Arctic is undergoing increased warming compared to the global mean, which has major implications for freshwater runoff into the oceans from seasonal snow and glaciers.
Here, we present high-resolution (2.5 km) simulations of glacier mass balance, runoff, and snow conditions on Svalbard from 1991–2022, one of the fastest warming regions in the world. The simulations are created using the CryoGrid community model forced by Copernicus Arctic Regional ReAnalysis (CARRA) (1991–2021) and AROME-ARCTIC forecasts (2016–2022). Updates to the water percolation and runoff schemes are implemented in the CryoGrid model for the simulations.
In situ observations available for Svalbard, including automatic weather station data, stake measurements, and discharge observations, are used to carefully evaluate the quality of the simulations and model forcing. We find a slightly negative climatic mass balance (CMB) over the simulation period of −0.08 mw.e.yr-1 but with no statistically significant trend. The most negative annual CMB is found for Nordenskiöldland (−0.73 mw.e.yr-1), with a significant negative trend of −0.27 mw.e. per decade for the region. Although there is no trend in the annual CMB, we do find a significant increasing trend in the runoff from glaciers of 0.14 mw.e. per decade. The average runoff was found to be 0.8 mw.e.yr-1. We also find a significant negative trend in the refreezing of −0.13 mw.e. per decade. Using AROME-ARCTIC forcing, we find that 2021/22 has the most negative CMB and highest runoff over the 1991–2022 simulation period investigated in this study. We find the simulated climatic mass balance and runoff using CARRA and AROME-ARCTIC forcing are similar and differ by only 0.1 mw.e.yr-1 in climatic mass balance and by 0.2 mw.e.yr-1 in glacier runoff when averaged over all of Svalbard. There is, however, a clear difference over Nordenskiöldland, where AROME-ARCTIC simulates significantly higher mass balance and significantly lower runoff. This indicates that AROME-ARCTIC may provide similar high-quality predictions of the total mass balance of Svalbard as CARRA, but regional uncertainties should be taken into consideration. The simulations produced for this study are made publicly available at a daily and monthly resolution, and these high-resolution simulations may be re-used in a wide range of applications including studies on glacial runoff, ocean currents, and ecosystems.