bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD8 T‐cell diversification: Asymmetric cell division and its functional implications
Authors: Gräbnitz Fabienne , Oxenius Annette 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEstablishment of cellular diversity is a basic requirement for the development of multicellular organisms. Cellular diversification can be induced by asymmetric cell division (ACD), during which the emerging two daughter cells unequally inherit lineage specific cargo (including transcription factors, receptors for specific signaling inputs, metabolic platforms, and possibly different epigenetic landscapes), resulting in two daughter cells endowed with different fates. While ACD is strongly involved in lineage choices in mammalian stem cells, its role in fate diversification in lineage committed cell subsets that still exhibit plastic potential, such as T‐cells, is currently investigated. In this review, we focus predominantly on the role of ACD in fate diversification of CD8 T‐cells. Further, we discuss the impact of differential T‐cell receptor stimulation strengths and differentiation history on ACD‐mediated fate diversification and highlight a particular importance of ACD in the development of memory CD8 T‐cells upon high‐affinity stimulation conditions.
SnS/MoS2 van der Waals heterojunction for in‐plane ferroelectric field‐effect transistors with multibit memory and logic characteristics
Authors: Singh Prashant , Rhee Dongjoon , Baek Sungpyo , Yoo Hyun Ho , Niu Jingjie , Jung Myeongjin , Kang Joohoon , Lee Sungjoo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFerroelectric two dimensional (2D) materials hold great potential to develop modern miniaturized electronic and memory devices. 2D ferroelectrics exhibiting spontaneous polarization in the out‐of‐plane direction have been extensively investigated to date, but the loss of their polarization during device operation has been problematic. Although 2D materials with in‐plane ferroelectric behavior are more stable against depolarization and thus promising for memory and logic applications, experimental realization of in‐plane 2D ferroelectric devices is still scarce. Here, we demonstrate in‐plane ferroelectric field effect transistors (FETs) based on a van der Waals heterojunction (vdWHJ), which can perform multibit memory and logic operations. Tin monosulfide (SnS), a 2D material with in‐plane ferroelectricity, is partially stacked on top of a semiconducting molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) on a silicon dioxide (SiO2)‐coated silicon substrate to fabricate vdWHJ FETs in back‐gate configuration. Switching of the in‐plane polarization direction in the SnS channel modulates the contact barriers at the electrode/SnS and SnS/MoS2 interfaces, thereby creating high resistance states and low resistance states (LRS). The device exhibits a logic transfer characteristic with a high drain current on/off ratio (>106) in LRS and non‐volatile memory performance with excellent retention characteristics (extrapolated retention time > 10 years). With exquisite tuning of the channel resistance by SnS polarization and gate bias, we realize multiple states with distinct current levels for multibit memory and logic operations suitable for programmable logic‐in‐memory applications.image
Drift‐ and energy‐based seismic performance assessment of retrofitted wood frame shear wall buildings: Shake table tests
Authors: Ventura Carlos E. , Motamedi Mehrtash , Pan Yuxin , Tesfamariam Solomon , Xiong Haibei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn 2004, the Province of British Columbia (BC) announced a multi‐year $1.5 billion seismic retrofit program for the province's 750 at‐risk public schools. The purpose of this program was to quantify the seismic risk of the province's public‐school buildings and to expedite the seismic upgrading of the most at‐risk schools. In order to provide a safe and cost‐effective implementation of this program, the Engineers and Geoscientists BC, in collaboration with the University of British Columbia, has developed a performance‐based probabilistic method and guidelines for the seismic risk assessment and retrofit of low‐rise buildings. As part of this initiative, a number of laboratory experiments have been conducted to provide data that would support the recommendations provided in the guidelines. The laboratory experiments included several full‐scale shake table tests of wood frame systems. The specimens were subjected to sequences of earthquake motions to simulate their performance under main shock‐aftershocks. This paper presents details of seven of the experiment and wood‐frame buildings considered. A detailed discussion of the results of the analyses of the shake table tests data, and performance assessment using drift‐ and energy‐based damage indices is presented. This study highlights the importance of considering the effects of subduction earthquake and mainshock‐aftershock sequences for design and retrofit of wood frame structures.
Effect of glass frits on ceramifiable properties of polyethylene composites
Authors: Xu Lang , Shen Jiapei , Sun Qing , Zhang Jian , Sheng Jiawei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCeramification of polymer composites is an excellent method for enhancing the flame retardancy of the materials. The low temperature softening glass frit added in the composites plays a key role in the ceramification process of the composites. Ceramizable polyethylene (PE)/wollastonite fiber (WF) composites are processed by mixing with three types of glass frit. The ceramic residues formed were characterized by the linear shrinkage, weight loss, flexural strength, apparent porosity, and self‐supporting property measurements. The density and strength of the ceramic increased with the increasing sintering temperature, but were affected by the wettability and fluidity of the glass frit. The addition of glass frit can increase the thermal decomposition temperature of PE. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis found the form of a new phase of hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) in the ceramifiable PE/WF composites by adding phosphate glass frit, which improved the self‐supporting properties of the ceramic residues.
Free will determines the limits of psychological foresight: Review of “Free Will” by Sam Harris
Authors: Grüning David J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe existence of free will and its prerequisites have entertained countless debates. The position one takes in these debates dictates their outlook on limitations of predicting human psychology. Sam Harris (2012), in his book, misses out on exploring these consequences accepting or rejecting free will has for the predictability of human decision‐making and action‐taking. Likewise, referencers of his work addressed this topic only peripherally and, to the best of my knowledge, have never explored its consequences in depth. Therefore, in the present review, I aim to demonstrate and formalize the following: If we understand human cognition and behavior as the result of environmental and individual causes that both are knowable, adding a per definition indeterminable source, namely, free will, can only reduce the maximum possible power of any used prediction model. Accepting a free human will renders error‐free foresight theoretically, and empirically, impossible. This has consequences for all forecasting and planning methods that concern human agents as well as their tools’ utility (e.g., scenarios and psychological analysis). I address the consequences free will belief has conceptually for three application fields: management and leadership, historic analysis, and theory building.
Fama–French three versus five, which model is better? A machine learning approach
Authors: Diallo Boubacar , Bagudu Aliyu , Zhang Qi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis research proposes new estimations of the Fama–French three‐ and five‐factor models via a machine learning approach. Specifically, it uses a Bayesian optimization‐support vector regression (BSVR) approach to obtain predictions of portfolio returns. On data from five industries' portfolio returns in the United States over the period July 1926 to January 2019, the BSVR models perform well. Specifically, our new model, called the Fama–French BSVR three‐factor model, outperformed the Fama–French BSVR five‐factor model. More precisely, the Fama–French BSVR three‐factor estimations attain out‐of‐sample (testing dataset) correlation coefficients of 94% for portfolio returns for the consumption and manufacturing industries. A correlation of 92% between the predicted and experimental values of portfolio returns was found for the high‐tech industry; 91% was found for the mining, construction, transportation, hotels, entertainment, and finance industries. However, for the Fama–French BSVR five‐factor model, the correlation coefficients lie between 48% (health industry) and 89% (high‐tech industry).
Forecasting stock volatility with a large set of predictors: A new forecast combination method
Authors: Gong Xue , Zhang Weiguo , Zhao Yuan , Ye Xin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates how to improve the prediction accuracy of stock realized volatility using a large set of predictors. Exploiting normalized positive adjusted
and significant
statistic of predictor obtained from the in‐sample result as weight, we develop two simple and effective forecast combination methods. Using an array of 86 equity, bond, forex, futures, behavior, macroeconomic, and uncertainty predictors, we find that the proposed methodologies significantly improve stock realized volatility out‐of‐sample prediction performance relative to several extant forecast combinations. This result is robust for different individual forecast models, different dependent variables, and different out‐of‐sample periods. Furthermore, we explain that out‐of‐sample predictability varies significantly with changes in the number of predictors. And the existence of a strongly powerful volatility predictor affects this change.
Strukturoptimierung von Spritzbetonschalen – Versagensanalysen von Spritzbetonschalen bei Betrachtung von Vortriebsoptimierungen
Authors: Cordes Tobias , Voit Klaus 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA framework with a robust design of the driving classes is fundamental for the tunnel design. During tunnel advance, the detailed design of the lining is depending on the documented geology and the observed system behaviour. To reduce costs, the excavation profile is optimized with the aim of reducing overbreaks and shotcrete masses. This achieved profile accuracy is beneficial for the load‐bearing capacity of the rock and the shotcrete lining. For temporary and permanent tunnel shotcrete linings, the excavation profile accuracy influences the stress distribution, the crack pattern and the expected deformations. In the course of this study, the effect of the excavation geometry on the load‐bearing capacity of the primary lining of drill and blast tunnels was examined. For this purpose, shotcrete linings, reinforced by steel meshes and fibre‐reinforced linings, were compared in optimized and non‐optimized scanned excavation cross‐sections. In each case, an ultimate load and failure analysis was carried out to assess shells in the hardened state by means of numerical modelling (ATENA). The aim is to determine the load‐bearing capacity of the shell structure in order to obtain a conclusion regarding its structural robustness. The interaction between the rock/soil soil and the structure as well as a time‐dependent material behaviour were not considered. It could be shown how an irregular overbreak or an inconsistent shell thickness has a negative effect on the load‐bearing capacity of the structure.
Simultaneous assessment of health, safety, and environmental risks using William Fine and FMEA methods based on OHSAS 18001: 2007 standard in the Alborz tunnel, Iran
Authors: Zahed Mohammad Ali , Seidi Fouad , Salehi Samira , Pardakhti Amirarsellon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, the critical risks and their effects on each other for the Alborz tunnel construction project, which is known as the longest road tunnel in the Middle East, have been evaluated on a case‐by‐case basis. In addition to covering all safety hazards in important tunnel drilling operations using the failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA) method, which is one of the risk assessment methods for operations and has been widely used in manufacturing, drilling, and tunneling industries, health hazards that affect employees and can cause a variety of job diseases have been studied and in order to identify, evaluate, and quantify the results, the William Fine method has been implemented. Also, all the risks have been identified and evaluated within the framework of OHSAS 18001 standard which was presented in 1999 due to the lack of an international standard regarding occupational health and safety and its last revision was done in 2007. Based on the research results, according to FMEA method, a total of 46 critical risks, 26 very high risks, 22 high risks, 8 medium risks, 34 low risks, 29 very low risks, and 8 insignificant risks in the field of safety have been identified and evaluated. In the field of job health, 165 high‐level risks, 28 medium‐level risks, and 57 low‐level risks were assessed and finally in the environmental field, 7 high‐level risks and 1 risk for each of the intermediate and low level have been inferred.
Innovative contract and compensation model in mechanised tunnelling – Calculation of the deviating construction time based on digital excavation and process data
Authors: Bisenberger Tobias 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe handling of a tunnel construction project poses great challenges for all those involved. Variables that cannot be clearly quantified can arise during the entire process of the project. The subsoil in tunnelling is one of these parameters which is difficult to forecast. The geological and hydrogeological conditions must be assessed during the planning phase with the help of exploratory measures and from the experience from projects that have already been built.During the execution work, deviations from the documents on which the target determination is based occur in almost all underground construction projects. These changes can either cause a change in the construction process and/or lead to a different construction time in relation to the calculated duration.Based on this initial situation, the development of an innovative contract and remuneration model for machine tunnelling appears to be important. The main focus of the model is to generate a transparent and comprehensible method of how the remuneration‐worthy portion can be calculated in the case of a different construction time in mechanised tunnelling. In order to ensure this transparency and traceability of the system to be developed, the data records that can be digitally recorded during the tunnelling work are used as a fundamental basis for the created model.
Analyses of Pre‐Excavation Grouting for TBM Tunnelling
Authors: Wannenmacher Helmut , Schlicke Marcel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPre‐excavation grouting (PEG) is essential for mitigating groundwater inflow to unlined tunnel structures. Prevention of initial water inflow proved best practice to balance groundwater conditions throughout the utilisation of a tunnel. The grouted rock mass acts as a circumferential sealing barrier instead of a secondary lining to minimise groundwater inflow to an acceptable level over the structure's lifetime. The construction of unlined tunnels relies on existing favourable in‐situ rock mass conditions with an overall low hydraulic head, mainly to keep the effort of grouting inferior and avoid an unbalanced proportion of pre‐excavation grouting during the tunnel construction works.From the operational perspective of tunnelling works, pre‐excavation grouting delineates the continuous excavation process of a TBM and represents a discontinuative work process. In addition, grouting includes an exploration process ahead of the cutterhead to predict the ground conditions to align the sealing demand of the rock mass. Generally, pre‐excavation grouting foresees the drilling of mainly open boreholes with a considerable length of 20 m to 25 m ahead of the tunnel boring machine (TBM). Establishing a continuous grouted zone around the tunnel demands an overlapping of the grouting rings ranging from 2 m to 10 m. The overlapping decreases the excavation length of the TBM adequately. The repetitive grouting process interfering with the excavation consists of various processes such as exploration including water loss measuring (WLM), the drilling and grouting of boreholes and the hardening time.TBM tunnelling depends on the systematic and continuous implementation of construction procedures. Therefore, based on current static pre‐excavation grouting, an agile combined grouting and excavation approach is presented, incorporating a reliable pre‐excavation grouting, a systematic TBM excavation and a specific balance of long‐term sealing and high utilisation rates for TBM excavation.
Effects of social context manipulation on dorsal and ventral hippocampal neuronal responses
Authors: Wu Wen‐Yi , Yiu Eunice , Ophir Alexander G. , Smith David M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe hippocampus is critical for contextual memory and has recently been implicated in various kinds of social memory. Traditionally, studies of hippocampal context coding have manipulated elements of the background environment, such as the shape and color of the apparatus. These manipulations produce large shifts in the spatial firing patterns, a phenomenon known as remapping. These findings suggest that the hippocampus encodes and differentiates contexts by generating unique spatial firing patterns for each environment a subject encounters. However, we do not know whether the hippocampus encodes social contexts defined by the presence of particular conspecifics. We examined this by exposing rats to a series of manipulations of the social context, including the presence of familiar male, unfamiliar male and female conspecifics, in order to determine whether remapping is a plausible mechanism for encoding socially‐defined contexts. Because the dorsal and ventral regions of the hippocampus are thought to play different roles in spatial and social cognition, we recorded neurons in both regions. Surprisingly, we found little evidence of remapping in response to manipulation of the social context in either the dorsal or ventral hippocampus, although we saw typical remapping in response to changing the background color. This result suggests that remapping is not the primary mechanism for encoding different social contexts. However, we found that a subset of hippocampal neurons fired selectively near the cages that contained the conspecifics, and these responses were most prevalent in the ventral hippocampus. We also found a striking increase in the spatial information content of ventral hippocampal firing patterns. These results indicate that the ventral hippocampus is sensitive to changes in the social context and neurons that respond selectively near the conspecific cages could play an important, if not fully understood role in encoding the conjunction of conspecifics, their location and the environment.
Chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemia: An alternative single‐cell RNA sequencing approach
Authors: Cheng Po‐Liang , Hsiao Tzu‐Hung , Chen Chung‐Hsing , Hung Miao‐Neng , Jhan Pei‐Pei , Lee Li‐Wen , Wu Ting‐Shuan , Tsai Jia‐Rung , Teng Chieh‐Lin Jerry 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOur previous study demonstrated that myc, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, mTOR, and stemness are independently responsible for chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. This study aimed to identify potential mechanisms of chemoresistance of the “7 + 3” induction in AML by using a single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) approach. In the present study, 13 untreated patients with de novo AML were enrolled and stratified into two groups: complete remission (CR; n = 8) and non‐CR (n = 5). Single‐cell RNA sequencing was used to analyze genetic profiles of 28,950 AML cells from these patients; results were validated using a previously published bulk RNA‐seq dataset. Our study results showed chemoresistant AML cells had premature accumulation during early hematopoiesis. Hematopoietic stem cell‐like cells from the non‐CR group expressed more leukemic stem cell markers (CD9, CD82, IL3RA, and IL1RAP) than those from the CR group. Chemoresistant progenitor cells had impaired myeloid differentiation owing to early arrest of hematopoiesis. Notably, AML cells analyzed by scRNA‐seq and bulk RNA‐seq harbored a comparable myeloid lineage cell fraction, which internally validated our results. Using the TCGA database, our analysis demonstrated that patients with AML with higher expression of chemoresistant genetic markers (IL3RA and IL1RAP) had a worse overall survival (p < 0.01 for IL3RA; p < 0.05 for IL1RAP). In conclusion, AML cells responsive and resistant to the “7 + 3” induction were derived from a diverse cancerous hematopoietic stem cell population, as indicated by the specific genetic biomarkers obtained using scRNA‐seq approach. Furthermore, arrest of hematopoiesis was shown to occur earlier in chemoresistant AML cells, furthering the current understanding of chemoresistance in AML.
Using pressure mapping intraoperatively to prevent pressure ulcers—A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Sving Eva B. M. , Gunningberg Lena A. C. , Bååth Carina B. , Björn Catrine U. S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimPatients undergoing surgery are at high risk of developing pressure ulcers. However, pressure ulcer prevention in the operating room department is demanding and restricted. New techniques, such as continuous pressure mapping that visualizes interface pressure, are now available. The aim of the study was to determine whether pressure mapping information of interface pressure intraoperatively leads to (1) more frequent intraoperative micro repositioning and a reduced amount of pressure on the sacrum area and (2) a lower frequency of pressure ulcer development.MethodsA quasi‐experimental ABA design was used. A total of 116 patients undergoing surgery were included. During the B phase, the need to consider repositioning the patient according to interface pressure readings was initiated.ResultsThe result showed that there was significantly higher interface pressure in the A2 phase than in the B phase. Micro repositioning of the patient during surgery was performed in the B phase, but not in the A phase. The regression model showed that a higher BMI was associated with higher interface pressure. None of the patients developed hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers up to Day 1 postoperatively.ConclusionPressure mapping involves moving away from expert opinion and tradition towards objective assessment and flexibility and we see the benefits of using pressure‐mapping equipment in operating room contexts. However, more research is needed in this area.