bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tau accumulates differently in four subtypes of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Yoshizaki Takahito , Minatani Shinobu , Namba Hiroto , Takeda Akitoshi , Kawabe Joji , Mizuta Hideko , Wada Yasuhiro , Mawatari Aya , Watanabe Yasuyoshi , Shimada Hitoshi , Higuchi Makoto , Itoh Yoshiaki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundHeterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been reported on the basis of clinical, neuropathological, and neuroimaging data. However, most of the indices, including cerebral atrophy evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging and amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation detected using positron emission tomography (PET), lack sensitivity, and specificity for categorization.AimHerein, we used a novel PET ligand for tau to estimate the differential distribution of tau in the subtypes of AD.MethodsPatients with posterior cortical atrophy (PCA; n = 3), frontal variant of AD (FAD; n = 1), logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia (LPPA; n = 2), typical AD (TAD; n = 6), and healthy controls (HC; n = 12) were studied. Aβ and tau accumulation were evaluated using [11C]PiB and [11C]PBB3, respectively.ResultsAmyloid β accumulation was confirmed in all PCA, FAD, LPPA, and TAD cases. Tau accumulation was dominantly high in the occipital lobes in the PCA, strikingly high in the frontal lobes in the FAD, and moderately high in the angular gyrus of the dominant hemisphere in the LPPA. Tau accumulation in TAD cases was significantly higher than age‐dependent tau accumulation in HC in these subtype‐specific regions as well as in AD signature regions. Glucose utilization was reversely correlated with PBB3 accumulation in the subtype‐specific regions.ConclusionsTau accumulates differently in the four subtypes of AD, suggesting that tau pathology may be closely associated with unique clinical features.
Scale, scope, and the international expansion strategies of multiproduct firms
Authors: Ross Yeaple Stephen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA growing literature seeks to understand how the characteristics of firms shape the manner in which they serve foreign markets. We consider an environment in which multiproduct firms can sell their products in multiple countries from multiple locations. We show that there are strong empirical regularities in the expansion strategies of U.S. multinational firms and that simple extensions of standard models do not explain these regularities. We augment these models by introducing a framework in which organizational capital is a scarce input within the firm that has to be allocated to particular products and production locations and show that the standard model, so amended, is consistent with the data. We then use the model to analyze the productivity effect of changes in international frictions both within and across firms.
Two birds with one stone: Reducing corruption raises national income
Authors: Pavlik Jamie Bologna , Grier Robin M. , Grier Kevin B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis article estimates the causal effect of corruption reform on economic growth across a sample of 122 countries from 1980 to 2015.MethodsWe first identify countries that experienced large and sustained increases in corruption control, we refer this group as the treatment group. We then utilize two empirical estimation techniques to estimate the causal effect of corruption on economic growth—matching methods and a doubly robust, difference‐in‐difference, event study model.ResultsWe find that sustained corruption reform leads to dramatic increases in real Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Across a variety of methods, the effect at 10 years after reform is on the order of a 20 percent to 25 percent increase in average living standards.ConclusionsEven though corruption is often cited as a fundamental obstacle to economic development, lasting anti‐corruption reform is relatively rare. We find, however, that the benefits of this type of reform might be significantly higher than policymakers believe. Thus, successful reform brings a win–win outcome of less corruption and higher average incomes.
Change of logic, without change of meaning
Authors: Omori Hitoshi , Arenhart Jonas R. B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChange of logic is typically taken as requiring that the meanings of the connectives change too. As a result, it has been argued that legitimate rivalry between logics is under threat. This is, in a nutshell, the meaning‐variance argument, traditionally attributed to Quine. In this paper, we present a semantic framework that allows us to resist the meaning‐variance claim for an important class of systems: classical logic, the logic of paradox and strong Kleene logic. The major feature of the semantics is that the connectives have the same meanings in these systems, so that the meaning‐variance argument is straightforwardly blocked. We discuss the effects of this semantics for two uses of the argument of meaning variance, and also consider its impact on related issues.
Biochemistry and genetics of floral scent: a historical perspective
Authors: Pichersky Eran 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYFloral scent plays a crucial role in the reproductive process of many plants. Humans have been fascinated by floral scents throughout history, and have transported and traded floral scent products for which they have found multiple uses, such as in food additives, hygiene and perfume products, and medicines. Yet the scientific study of how plants synthesize floral scent compounds began later than studies on most other major plant metabolites, and the first report of the characterization of an enzyme responsible for the synthesis of a floral scent compound, namely linalool in Clarkia breweri, a California annual, appeared in 1994. In the almost 30 years since, enzymes and genes involved in the synthesis of hundreds of scent compounds from multiple plant species have been described. This review recapitulates this history and describes the major findings relating to the various aspects of floral scent biosynthesis and emission, including genes and enzymes and their evolution, storage and emission of scent volatiles, and the regulation of the biochemical processes.
CT features of primary bone neoplasia of the thoracic wall in dogs
Authors: Cordella Alessia , Stock Emmelie , Bertolini Giovanna , Strohmayer Carina , Serra Giulia Dalla , Saunders Jimmy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrimary thoracic wall neoplasia is uncommon in dogs and the prognosis depends on tumor type. The aims of this retrospective, multi‐center, observational study were to describe CT features of primary thoracic wall neoplasia in dogs and to test the hypothesis that CT features would differ among tumor types. Dogs with a diagnosis of primary thoracic wall bone neoplasia and thoracic CT study were included. CT findings recorded were as follows: dimensions, location, invasiveness, grade and type of mineral attenuation, periosteal reaction, contrast enhancement, and presence of presumed pulmonary metastases, pleural effusion, and sternal lymphadenopathy. Fifty‐eight cases were included (54 ribs and four sternum). Fifty‐six were malignant (sarcomas ‐ SARC) and two were benign (chondromas ‐ CHO). Out of the 56 malignant tumors, 41 had histological confirmation of the tumor type: 23 (56%) osteosarcomas (OSA), 10 (24%) chondrosarcomas (CSA), and eight (20%) hemangiosarcomas (HSA). The majority of rib tumors were right‐sided (59%) and ventrally located (72%). Malignant masses showed severe invasiveness, mild/moderate contrast enhancement, and different grades of mineral attenuation. Sternal lymphadenopathy was significantly more frequent in dogs with OSA and HSA compared to dogs with CSA (p = 0.004 and p = 0.023). Dogs with HSA showed significantly lower mineral attenuation grades compared to dogs with OSA (p = 0.043). Primary thoracic wall bone neoplasias were more frequently arising from the ribs, with only a few cases of sternal masses. Findings can be used to help prioritize differential diagnoses for CT studies of dogs with thoracic wall neoplasia.
Minimum Friction Coefficient-Based Precision Manipulation Workspace Analysis of the Three-Fingered Metamorphic Hand
Authors: Lin Yen-Hua , Wang Tun , Spyrakos-Papastavridis Emmanouil , Fu Zhongtao , Xu Shuangjia , Dai Jian S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Reconfigurable robotic hands can constitute one of the future trends of dexterous manipulator design, as they can strike a balance between precision, force exertion, flexibility, and adaptability. However, the feasible manipulation workspace of a reconfigurable robotic hand, the metamorphic hand, is complex as the finger operation planes alter with the reconfigurable palm’s motions. Different useful workspace approaches and grasp quality metrics have been introduced, but a precision manipulation workspace (PMW) approach for reconfigurable robotic hands has yet to be presented. This paper presents a hand workspace taxonomy based on previous studies, and a new approach to obtaining a PMW of a robotic hand which satisfies three properties: force closure, singularity avoidance, and interference avoidance. A grasp quality metric, termed the minimum friction coefficient (MFC), is introduced to indicate the force-closure conditions of a robotic hand’s configurations. Unlike the previous grasp quality metrics targeting online grasp-planning tasks, this MFC-based measure focuses on the offline design of robotic hands. This method is essential for conducting grasp planning, design optimization, and actuation reduction for reconfigurable robotic hands. Further, the approach is applied to a three-fingered metamorphic hand, and the results are studied thoroughly.
Experimental Study on Combustion and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Li/SF6 based on Unmanned Underwater Vehicle Combustor
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhu Wei-Bing , Ma Tong-Ling , Chen Hong , Cai Wen-Zhe , Tang Xing-Yan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Li/SF6 combustion reaction can provide power for unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) due to the advantages of high heat release and no gaseous combustion products. Exploring the combustion and heat transfer characteristics of Li/SF6 can greatly improve the performance of the UUV combustor. In this paper, based on the operation requirements of UUV combustor, the C300 combustion reactor is designed, the Li/SF6 combustion experimental system is established, and the Li/SF6 combustion and heat transfer experiments are performed. The experimental results show that the overall combustion process lasts about 1.55 h, and the flame temperature is higher than 1768 °C. The temperature in the gas phase decreased gradually along the radial direction and increased along the axis. Eight quasi-equilibrium states are detected, and the maximum combustion power is 12.73 kW. As the pressure increases, the combustion power will increase accordingly. Under the maximum power, the heat transfer efficiency of the C300 combustion reactor can be calculated to be η=85.93% by using water as the heat transfer medium. The heat transfer quantity of the combustion furnace Qf is 2.07 times that of the combustion chamber Qc, and the heat generated by combustion is concentrated in the lower part of the combustion reactor. In addition, a thermal resistance model is proposed to optimize the heat transfer process. Finally, the upper fuel is fully combusted, while the bottom fuel is poorly combusted due to the phenomenon of insufficient melting and combustion product covering.
A Novel Upscaling Method for Evaluating Mechanical Properties of the Shale Oil Reservoir Based on Cluster Analysis and Nanoindentation
Authors: Siwei Meng , Zihan Zhang , Jiaping Tao , Chuanqing Zhang , Liu Yang , Jianchun Xu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Shale formations as major unconventional energy resources are crucial in satisfying the global energy needs of the future. Via nanoindentation method and upscale method, the macromechanical parameters of shale, such as hardness, elastic modulus, are obtained. The conventional Mori–Tanaka upscale method only divides the data into three mineral classes and fails to fully incorporate micromechanical properties to reflect the macroscale properties of samples. The research measures micromechanical parameters of shale via nanoindentation and performs cluster analysis of nanoindentation measurements. The results of cluster analysis are then combined with the Mori–Tanaka upscale model to evaluate the macroscale mechanical property of shale. The elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness are divided into five groups (clusters) via cluster analysis, with each representing a certain mineral composition. This research is of great significance for more reasonably and accurately characterizing shale mechanical properties, optimizing the recovery scheme, and improving the recovery efficiency of shale gas.
On the Feasibility of Dynamic Substructuring for Hybrid Testing of Vibrating Structures
Authors: Hu An , Paoletti Paolo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDynamically substructured systems (DSS) are a typical technique to achieve real-time numerical simulations combined with physically tested components. However, a rigorous feasibility analysis before the implementation is missing. This paper is aimed to fill this gap by establishing rigorous conditions for when DSS is suitable for dynamic testing. The proposed method is based on novel symbolic recursive formulations for the transfer functions describing a generic lumped parameter vibrating structure, enabling the analysis of structural and other properties without requiring the computation of explicit symbolic expressions for the transfer functions involved, representing a significant breakthrough as it allows to perform feasibility analysis in analytical form, rather than solely relying on numerical approaches. The series of analytical conclusions presented in this paper, and future ones unlocked by the proposed approach, will significantly enrich the research in the community of DSS and structural vibrations. In particular, the proposed approach allows performing analysis of causality, controllability, and observability using much reduced knowledge of the structure, thus significantly simplifying such analysis. Analytical conclusions on stability can also be made with the help of novel recursive form, removing the need of repeatedly calculating the roots of characteristic equations, a task that can be performed only via numerical approaches and for which analytical results are not available. The proposed methodology can be applied to a whole class of vibration problems and is not linked to any specific structure, going beyond the specific examples available in the literature.
Genome structures resolve the early diversification of teleost fishes
Authors: Parey Elise , Louis Alexandra , Montfort Jerome , Bouchez Olivier , Roques Céline , Iampietro Carole , Lluch Jerome , Castinel Adrien , Donnadieu Cécile , Desvignes Thomas , Floi Bucao Christabel , Jouanno Elodie , Wen Ming , Mejri Sahar , Dirks Ron , Jansen Hans , Henkel Christiaan , Chen Wei-Jen , Zahm Margot , Cabau Cédric , Klopp Christophe , Thompson Andrew W. , Robinson-Rechavi Marc , Braasch Ingo , Lecointre Guillaume , Bobe Julien , Postlethwait John H. , Berthelot Camille , Roest Crollius Hugues , Guiguen Yann 
Published: March 2023

Accurate species phylogenies are a prerequisite for all evolutionary research. Teleosts are the largest and most diversified group of extant vertebrates, but relationships among their three oldest extant lineages remain unresolved. On the basis of seven high-quality new genome assemblies in Elopomorpha (tarpons, eels), we revisited the topology of the deepest branches of the teleost phylogeny using independent gene sequence and chromosomal rearrangement phylogenomic approaches. These analyses converged to a single scenario that unambiguously places the Elopomorpha and Osteoglossomorpha (arapaima, elephantnose fish) in a monophyletic sister group to all other teleosts, i.e., the Clupeocephala lineage (zebrafish, medaka). This finding resolves more than 50 years of controversy on the evolutionary relationships of these lineages and highlights the power of combining different levels of genome-wide information to solve complex phylogenies.
Derivation and validation of a novel risk score to predict need for haemostatic intervention in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (London Haemostat Score)
Authors: Marks Isobel , Janmohamed Imran Karim , Malas Sadek , Mavrou Athina , Banister Thomas , Patel Nisha , Ayaru Lakshmana 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundAcute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) is a common medical emergency, which takes up considerable healthcare resources. However, only approximately 20%–30% of bleeds require urgent haemostatic intervention. Current standard of care is for all patients admitted to hospital to undergo endoscopy within 24 hours for risk stratification, but this is difficult to achieve in practice, invasive and costly.AimTo develop a novel non-endoscopic risk stratification tool for AUGIB to predict the need for haemostatic intervention by endoscopic, radiological or surgical treatments. We compared this with the Glasgow-Blatchford Score (GBS).DesignModel development was carried out using a derivation (n=466) and prospectively collected validation cohort (n=404) of patients who were admitted with AUGIB to three large hospitals in London, UK (2015–2020). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables that were associated with increased or decreased chances of requiring haemostatic intervention. This model was converted into a risk scoring system, the London Haemostat Score (LHS).ResultsThe LHS was more accurate at predicting need for haemostatic intervention than the GBS, in the derivation cohort (area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) 0.82; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.86 vs 0.72; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.77; p<0.001) and validation cohort (AUROC 0.80; 95% CI 0.75 to 0.85 vs 0.72; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.78; p<0.001). At cut-off scores at which LHS and GBS identified patients who required haemostatic intervention with 98% sensitivity, the specificity of the LHS was 41% vs 18% with the GBS (p<0.001). This could translate to 32% of inpatient endoscopies for AUGIB being avoided at a cost of only a 0.5% false negative rate.ConclusionsThe LHS is accurate at predicting the need for haemostatic intervention in AUGIB and could be used to identify a proportion of low-risk patients who can undergo delayed or outpatient endoscopy. Validation in other geographical settings is required before routine clinical use.
Using the Johns Hopkins ACG Case-Mix System for population segmentation in a hospital-based adult patient population in Singapore
Authors: Tan Joshua Kuan , Zhang Xiaojin , Cheng Dawn , Leong Ian Yi Onn , Wong Chia Siong , Tey Jeannie , Loh Shu Ching , Soh Eugene Fidelis , Lim Wei Yen 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivePopulation health management involves risk characterisation and patient segmentation. Almost all population segmentation tools require comprehensive health information spanning the full care continuum. We assessed the utility of applying the ACG System as a population risk segmentation tool using only hospital data.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary hospital in central Singapore.Participants100 000 randomly selected adult patients from 1 January to 31 December 2017.InterventionHospital encounters, diagnoses codes and medications prescribed to the participants were used as input data to the ACG System.Primary and Secondary Outcome MeasuresHospital costs, admission episodes and mortality of these patients in the subsequent year (2018) were used to assess the utility of ACG System outputs such as resource utilisation bands (RUBs) in stratifying patients and identifying high hospital care users.ResultsPatients placed in higher RUBs had higher prospective (2018) healthcare costs, and were more likely to have healthcare costs in the top five percentile, to have three or more hospital admissions, and to die in the subsequent year. A combination of RUBs and ACG System generated rank probability of high healthcare costs, age and gender that had good discriminatory ability for all three outcomes, with area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUC) values of 0.827, 0.889 and 0.876, respectively. Application of machine learning methods improved AUCs marginally by about 0.02 in predicting the top five percentile of healthcare costs and death in the subsequent year.ConclusionA population stratification and risk prediction tool can be used to appropriately segment populations in a hospital patient population even with incomplete clinical data.
Loss to 5-year follow-up in the population-based Telemark Study: risk factors and potential for bias
Authors: Zivadinovic Nikola , Abrahamsen Regine , Pesonen Maiju , Wagstaff Anthony , Torén Kjell , Henneberger Paul K , Kongerud Johny , Fell Anne Kristin Moeller 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesThis study aimed to characterise participants lost to follow-up and identify possible factors associated with non-participation in a prospective population-based study of respiratory health in Norway. We also aimed to analyse the impact of potentially biased risk estimates associated with a high proportion of non-responders.DesignProspective 5-year follow-up study.SettingRandomly selected inhabitants from the general population of Telemark County in south-eastern Norway were invited to fill in a postal questionnaire in 2013. Responders in 2013 were followed-up in 2018.Participants16 099 participants aged 16–50 years completed the baseline study. 7958 responded at the 5-year follow-up, while 7723 did not.Main outcome measuresχ2test was performed to compare demographic and respiratory health-related characteristics between those who participated in 2018 and those who were lost to follow-up. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between loss to follow-up, background variables, respiratory symptoms, occupational exposure and interactions, and to analyse whether loss to follow-up leads to biased risk estimates.Results7723 (49%) participants were lost to follow-up. Loss to follow-up was significantly higher for male participants, those in the youngest age group (16–30 years), those in lowest education level category and among current smokers (all p<0.001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, loss to follow-up was significantly associated with unemployment (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.46), reduced work ability (1.48, 1.35 to 1.60), asthma (1.22, 1.10 to 1.35), being woken by chest tightness (1.22, 1.11 to 1.34) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1.81, 1.30 to 2.52). Participants with more respiratory symptoms and exposure to vapour, gas, dust and fumes (VGDF) (1.07 to 1.00–1.15), low-molecular weight (LMW) agents (1.19, 1.00 to 1.41) and irritating agents (1.15, 1.05 to 1.26) were more likely to be lost to follow-up. We found no statistically significant association of wheezing and exposure to LMW agents for all participants at baseline (1.11, 0.90 to 1.36), responders in 2018 (1.12, 0.83 to 1.53) and those lost to follow-up (1.07, 0.81 to 1.42).ConclusionThe risk factors for loss to 5-year follow-up were comparable to those reported in other population-based studies and included younger age, male gender, current smoking, lower educational level and higher symptom prevalence and morbidity. We found that exposure to VGDF, irritating and LMW agents can be risk factors associated with loss to follow-up. Results suggest that loss to follow-up did not affect estimates of occupational exposure as a risk factor for respiratory symptoms.