bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A scaling limit of the parabolic Anderson model with exclusion interaction
Authors: Erhard Dirk , Hairer Martin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe consider the (discrete) parabolic Anderson model , , , where the ξ‐field is ‐valued and plays the role of a dynamic random environment, and Δ is the discrete Laplacian. We focus on the case in which ξ is given by a properly rescaled symmetric simple exclusion process under which it converges to an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. Scaling the Laplacian diffusively and restricting ourselves to a torus, we show that in dimension upon considering a suitably renormalised version of the above equation, the sequence of solutions converges in law. As a by‐product of our main result we obtain precise asymptotics for the survival probability of a simple random walk that is killed at a scale dependent rate when meeting an exclusion particle. Our proof relies on the discrete theory of regularity structures of Erhard and Hairer and on novel sharp estimates of joint cumulants of arbitrary large order for the exclusion process. We think that the latter is of independent interest and may find applications elsewhere.
Fermi isospectrality for discrete periodic Schrödinger operators
Authors: Liu Wencai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLet , where , , are pairwise coprime. Let be the discrete Schrödinger operator, where Δ is the discrete Laplacian on and the potential is Γ‐periodic. We prove three rigidity theorems for discrete periodic Schrödinger operators in any dimension :

If at some energy level, Fermi varieties of two real‐valued Γ‐periodic potentials V and Y are the same (this feature is referred to as Fermi isospectrality of V and Y), and Y is a separable function, then V is separable;
If two complex‐valued Γ‐periodic potentials V and Y are Fermi isospectral and both and are separable functions, then, up to a constant, lower dimensional decompositions and are Floquet isospectral, ;
If a real‐valued Γ‐potential V and the zero potential are Fermi isospectral, then V is zero.

In particular, all conclusions in (1), (2) and (3) hold if we replace the assumption “Fermi isospectrality” with a stronger assumption “Floquet isospectrality”.
Alkaline Ni−Zn Rechargeable Batteries for Sustainable Energy Storage: Battery Components, Deterioration Mechanisms, and Impact of Additives
Authors: Bogomolov Katerina , Ein‐Eli Yair 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe demand for long‐term, sustainable, and low‐cost battery energy storage systems with high power delivery capabilities for stationary grid‐scale energy storage, as well as the necessity for safe lithium‐ion battery alternatives, has renewed interest in aqueous zinc‐based rechargeable batteries. The alkaline Ni−Zn rechargeable battery chemistry was identified as a promising technology for sustainable energy storage applications, albeit a considerable investment in academic research, it still fails to deliver the requisite performance. It is hampered by a relatively short‐term electrode degradation, resulting in a decreased cycle life. Dendrite formation, parasitic hydrogen evolution, corrosion, passivation, and dynamic morphological growth are all challenging and interrelated possible degradation processes. This review elaborates on the components of Ni−Zn batteries and their deterioration mechanisms, focusing on the influence of electrolyte additives as a cost‐effective, simple, yet versatile approach for regulating these phenomena and extending the battery cycle life. Even though a great deal of effort has been dedicated to this subject, the challenges remain. This highlights that a breakthrough is to be expected, but it will necessitate not only an experimental approach, but also a theoretical and computational one, including artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML).
The effects of international mobility on teachers' power of curriculum agency
Authors: Mouraz Ana , Doyle Audrey , Serra Isabel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAcross the world, countries have engaged in different iterations of curriculum change, and one of the common denominators of reform is the proposal of more agency for teachers around curriculum making. This is not an easy task for teachers. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the discussion about the effects that international ERASMUS+ mobilities have had on the power of curricular agency of teachers from two European countries. This work is based on an empirical investigation of a qualitative nature which collected the testimonies of four school headmasters, a deputy principal and eleven teachers from Ireland and Portugal, teaching different curriculum matters, who were involved in the ERASMUS+ programme. Our findings evidence a very positive impact on secondary teachers' capacity to self‐organize and achieve agency in relation to curriculum making by adapting their knowledge and skills, learnt through the mobility, to their own culture and context through collaborative communities of practice.
Carbamate as a potential anti‐Alzheimer's pharmacophore: A review
Authors: Singh Yash Pal , Kumar Navneet , Chauhan Brijesh Singh , Garg Prabha 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive age‐related neurodegenerative brain disorder, which leads to loss of memory and other cognitive dysfunction. The underlying mechanisms of AD pathogenesis are very complex and still not fully explored. Cholinergic neuronal loss, accumulation of amyloid plaque, metal ions dyshomeostasis, tau hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction are major hallmarks of AD. The current treatment options for AD are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine) and NMDA receptor antagonists (memantine). These FDA‐approved drugs mainly provide symptomatic relief without addressing the pathological aspects of disease progression. So, there is an urgent need for novel drug development that not only addresses the basic mechanisms of the disease but also shows the neuroprotective property. Various research groups across the globe are working on the development of multifunctional agents for AD amelioration using different core scaffolds for their design, and carbamate is among them. Rivastigmine was the first carbamate drug investigated for AD management. The carbamate fragment, a core scaffold of rivastigmine, act as a potential inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. In this review, we summarize the last 10 years of research conducted on the modification of carbamate with different substituents which primarily target ChE inhibition, reduce oxidative stress, and modulate Aβ aggregation.
Cannabis profiling of seized samples: An intra‐location variability study using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry profiles and multivariate data analysis
Authors: Slosse Amorn , Van Durme Filip , Samyn Nele , Mangelings Debby , Vander Heyden Yvan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractYearly, cannabis belongs to the most seized drugs worldwide. During judicial investigations, illicit cannabis profiling can be performed to compare seized herbal material. However, comparison is challenging because of the natural heterogeneity of the psychoactive crop. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) profiles, consisting of eight cannabinoids, were used to study the intra‐location (within) and inter‐location (between) variabilities. Decision thresholds were derived from the 95% and 99% confidence limits, applying Pearson correlation coefficients for the intra‐location samples. The false negatives and false positives (FPs) determined the discriminative power of different pretreatments applied to obtain the lowest FP error rate possible. Initially, a 97 samples data set was used and with log transformation as pretreatment, a decrease in FPs from 38% and 45% FPs to 17% and 22%, for both confidence limits, respectively, was seen relative to internal standard normalization that was used as reference. An additional intra‐plantation variability study with 130 samples verified whether the initial model contained sufficient within‐location information, but this was not the case. Hence, a combined data matrix was constructed with all seized samples. Log transformation provided the best FP results for both limits, that is, an improvement from 58% and 64% to 21% and 26%, respectively, was seen. The representativeness of these ‘linked’ thresholds was demonstrated using both cross‐validation and an external set, for which similar FP results as for the calibration set were obtained. By applying data pretreatment, a significant improvement was observed to distinguish seized samples. However, the FP rate is still not at an acceptable level to defend in court.
Dietary niche partitioning of three Sky Island Sceloporus lizards as revealed through DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Westeen Erin P. , Martínez‐Fonseca José G. , d'Orgeix Christian A. , Walker Faith M. , Sanchez Daniel E. , Wang Ian J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLizard diets are highly diverse and have contributed to the diversification, biogeographical distributions, and evolution of novel traits across this global radiation. Many parts of a lizard's ecology—including habitat preferences, foraging modes, predation risks, interspecific competition, and thermal constraints, among others—interact to shape diets, and dietary niche partitioning simultaneously contributes to co‐occurrence within communities. We used DNA metabarcoding of fecal samples to identify prey items in the diets of three sympatric Sceloporus lizards in the Madrean Sky Islands of Arizona, USA. We found evidence for dietary niche partitioning between interacting species concomitant with their respective ecologies. We also compared diet composition between populations to understand how conserved or plastic species' diets are between different environments. Our findings suggest that habitat generalists are also diet generalists in this system, while the same may be true for specialists. The identification of prey items to much lower taxonomic levels than previously documented further reveals hidden diversity in the diets of these species and underscores the utility of metabarcoding for understanding the full complexity of lizard diets.
First record of the introduced ladybird beetle, Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus (1758), on South Georgia (sub‐Antarctic)
Authors: Tichit Pierre , Roy Helen E. , Convey Peter , Brickle Paul , Newton Rosemary J. , Dawson Wayne 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBiological invasions represent a growing threat to islands and their biodiversity across the world. The isolated sub‐Antarctic island of South Georgia in the South Atlantic Ocean is a highly protected area that relies on effective biosecurity including prevention, surveillance and eradication to limit the risk of biological invasions. Based on an opportunistic field discovery, we provide the first report of an introduced ladybird beetle on South Georgia. All specimens discovered belong to the Eurasian species Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus (1758) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Tens of individuals of both sexes were discovered at a single location, indicating that the species may already be established on South Georgia. Transport connectivity with this site suggests that the species most likely arrived recently from the Falkland Islands as a stowaway on a ship. We discuss the implications of our discovery for the continued development of South Atlantic biosecurity.
Chaos control in networked permanent magnet synchronous motor using Lyapunov‐based model predictive subject to data loss
Authors: Tahmasbi Mohammad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the chaos control in the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) using a Lyapunov‐based model predictive approach subject to data loss. PMSM, as a rich nonlinear dynamic, can demonstrate chaotic behavior when its parameters are in a certain area. Thus, the performance of the system will degrade in this condition. Moreover, in some networked applications, especially in the modern automation industry, data can be lost at the sensor‐controller and controller‐actuator links. It will lead the system to illustrate the chaotic behavior. Thus, by assuming a PMSM under data loss, a Lyapunov‐based predictive model is applied to control the chaos in the PMSM in the presence of data loss. It shows that the PMSM system also be effective if the states of the system are not available or the system faces data loss. Sufficient conditions are discussed for the control of chaos in these conditions. Finally, the influence of the method on the control performance is evaluated via simulations on a nonlinear model for the PMSM.
Abnormal individualized peak functional connectivity toward potential repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Jin Jing , Wang Xiu‐Qin , Yang Xue , Zhao Na , Feng Zi‐Jian , Zang Yu‐Feng , Yuan Li‐Xia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFunctional connectivity (FC) derived from resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging has been widely applied to guide precise repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The left, right, and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC) have been used as rTMS treatment target regions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), albeit with moderate efficacy. Thus, we aimed to develop an individualized localization method for rTMS treatment of ASD. We included 266 male ASDs and 297 male typically‐developed controls (TDCs) from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange Dataset. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) was regarded as a promising effective region, which was used as a seed and individualized peak FC strength in the DLPFC was compared between ASD and TDC. Correlation analysis was conducted between individualized peak FC strength and symptoms in ASD. We also investigated the spatial distribution of individualized peak FC locations in the DLPFC and conducted voxel‐wise analysis to compare NAc‐based FC between the two groups. ASD showed stronger peak FC in the right DLPFC related to TDC (Cohen's d = −.19, 95% CI: −0.36 to −0.03, t = −2.30, p = .02). Moreover, negative correlation was found between the peak FC strength in the right DLPFC and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) scores, which assessed both the social communication and interaction (r = −.147, p = .04, uncorrected significant), and stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests (r = −.198, p = .02, corrected significant). Peak FC locations varied substantially across participants. No significant differences in NAc‐based FC in the DLPFC were found in the voxel‐wise comparison. Our study supports the use of individualized peak FC‐guided precise rTMS treatment of male ASD. Moreover, stimulating the right DLPFC might alleviate core symptoms of ASD.
Nonchromosomal birth defects and risk of childhood acute leukemia: An assessment in 15 000 leukemia cases and 46 000 controls from the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium
Authors: Lupo Philip J. , Chambers Tiffany M. , Mueller Beth A. , Clavel Jacqueline , Dockerty John D. , Doody David R. , Erdmann Friederike , Ezzat Sameera , Filippini Tommaso , Hansen Johnni , Heck Julia E. , Infante‐Rivard Claire , Kang Alice Y. , Magnani Corrado , Malagoli Carlotta , Marcotte Erin L. , Metayer Catherine , Bailey Helen D. , Mora Ana M. , Ntzani Evangelia , Petridou Eleni Th , Pombo‐de‐Oliveira Maria S. , Rashed Wafaa M. , Roman Eve , Schüz Joachim , Wesseling Catharina , Spector Logan G. , Scheurer Michael E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlthough recent studies have demonstrated associations between nonchromosomal birth defects and several pediatric cancers, less is known about their role on childhood leukemia susceptibility. Using data from the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium, we evaluated associations between nonchromosomal birth defects and childhood leukemia. Pooling consortium data from 18 questionnaire‐based and three registry‐based case‐control studies across 13 countries, we used multivariable logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between a spectrum of birth defects and leukemia. Our analyses included acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL, n = 13 115) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML, n = 2120) cases, along with 46 172 controls. We used the false discovery rate to account for multiple comparisons. In the questionnaire‐based studies, the prevalence of birth defects was 5% among cases vs 4% in controls, whereas, in the registry‐based studies, the prevalence was 11% among cases vs 7% in controls. In pooled adjusted analyses, there were several notable associations, including (1) digestive system defects and ALL (OR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.46‐4.98); (2) congenital anomalies of the heart and circulatory system and AML (OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.81‐4.52) and (3) nervous system defects and AML (OR = 4.23, 95% CI: 1.50‐11.89). Effect sizes were generally larger in registry‐based studies. Overall, our results could point to novel genetic and environmental factors associated with birth defects that could also increase leukemia susceptibility. Additionally, differences between questionnaire‐ and registry‐based studies point to the importance of complementary sources of birth defect phenotype data when exploring these associations.
Frequency and trends in usage of eponyms in gynecologic anatomical terminology: A cross‐sectional culturonomics study
Authors: Shrosbree Beth , DeLancey John O. L. , Hong Christopher X. 
Published: September 2023

SynopsisOn average, gynecologic eponyms were used more than twice as frequently as their preferred anatomical synonyms in published printed sources between 2000 and 2019.
Update on diagnosing and treating ascending placentitis in horses
Authors: Crabtree James 
Published: September 2023

Background: Ascending placentitis is a relatively uncommon condition in horses; however, it can have significant consequences on the health of a pregnancy. If undiagnosed the condition commonly results in abortion which may come with a significant emotional and economic burden to horse breeders.Aim of the article: This article focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of ascending bacterial placentitis, bringing readers up to date with recent advances in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of clinical cases.
Design and application of intelligent fitness system based on android system
Authors: Sun Haoran , Zhang Rui , Zhang Zhaojin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to make use of the features of mobile smart phones to create a simple step by step fitness application that can exercise anytime and anywhere. A third‐party open‐source library based on the Android platform was adopted in the entire technology selection, which greatly reduces the writing of a lot of pattern code and enables developers to focus more on the development of fitness system functions. The system has basic functions such as “Fitness data” and “Fitness video courses,” and collects fitness movements through sensors. Based on the extracted eigenvalues and support vector machines (SVM) algorithm, the system determines whether the fitness actions are standard or not, and uses back propagation (BP) neural network to classify and count fitness actions, to achieve recognition of fitness movements. The experimental results show that, the response time, running speed, and load of the system meet daily needs, the system can give the correct instruction probability within 3 s is 74.2%, the correct instruction probability within 3 ˜ 4 s is 17.5%, and the recognition probability after 4 s is only 6.67%, which proves that the intelligent fitness system designed in this study based on the Android system meets basic usage requirements in terms of performance and functionality.
Kartogenin‐loaded polyvinyl alcohol/nano‐hydroxyapatite composite hydrogel promotes tendon‐bone healing in rabbits after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Lv Hao , Liu Yaobo , Lu Duyi , Wang Yuanrui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAccumulating evidence supports the role of cartilage tissue engineering in cartilage defect repair, but the biological function has yet to be fully explained. In this work, kartogenin (KGN), an emerging chondroinductive nonprotein small molecule, was incorporated into a composite hydrogel of polyvinyl alcohol/nano‐hydroxyapatite (PVA/n‐HA) to fabricate an appropriate microenvironment for tendon‐bone healing after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. KGN/PVA/n‐HA composite hydrogel scaffolds were prepared by in situ synthesis and physical adsorption, followed by characterization under a scanning electron microscope. The scaffolds were transplanted into healthy New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. It was confirmed that KGN/PVA/n‐HA scaffolds were successfully prepared and exhibited good supporting properties and excellent biocompatibility. Unilateral ACL reconstruction was constructed with tendon autograft in NZW rabbits, and the morphology and diameter of collagen fiber were analyzed. The scaffolds were shown to promote ACL growth and collagen fiber formation. Furthermore, microcomputerized tomography analysis and bone formation histology were performed to detect new bone formation. KGN/PVA/n‐HA scaffolds effectively alleviated cartilage damage and prevented the occurrence of osteoarthritis. Meanwhile, ligament‐bone healing and bone formation were observed in the presence of KGN/PVA/n‐HA scaffolds. In conclusion, these results suggest that the KGN/PVA/n‐HA scaffolds can facilitate tendon‐bone healing after ACL reconstruction and might be considered novel hydrogel biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering.
Nano−/micro‐scaled hydroxyapatite ceramic construction and the regulation of immune‐associated osteogenic differentiation
Authors: Fu Shijia , Li Huishan , Wu Yue , Wang Jing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramic is a promising substitute for bone defects, and the surface properties are major factors that influence bioactivity and osteoinductivity. In this study, two kinds of HA bioceramics with nanoscale (n‐HA) and microscale (m‐HA) surface topography were designed to mimic the natural bone, thus enhancing the stimulation of osteogenic differentiation and revealing the potential mechanism. Compared to m‐HA, n‐HA owned a larger surface roughness, a stronger wettability, and reduced hardness and indentation modulus. Based on these properties, n‐HA could maintain the conformation of vitronectin better than m‐HA, which may contribute to higher cellular activities and a stronger promotion of osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Further RNA sequencing analysis compared the molecular expression between n‐HA and m‐HA. Six hundred twenty‐seven differentially expressed genes were identified in MSCs, and 17 upregulated genes and 610 downregulated genes were included when n‐HA compared to m‐HA. The GO cluster analysis and enriched Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genome signaling pathways revealed a close correlation with the immune process in both upregulated (chemokine signaling pathway and cytokine‐cytokine receptor interaction) and downregulated pathways (osteoclasts differentiation). It suggested that the nanoscale surface topography of HA enhanced the osteoinductivity of MSCs and could not be separated from its regulation of immune function and the retention of adsorbed protein conformation.