bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Aerobic and Speed Training Versus Active Control on Repeated Sprint Ability and Measures of Self-confidence and Anxiety in Highly Trained Male Soccer Players
Authors: Selmi Walid , Hammami Raouf , Kasmi Sofien , Sehli Sonia , Rebai Haithem , Duncan Michael , Chtara Mokhtar , Granacher Urs 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
While there is ample evidence on the effects of single-mode aerobic and speed training on physical fitness in soccer players, less is known on the combined effects of these exercise regimens on physical and psychological factors.

Aim
This study aimed to compare the effects of aerobic and speed training with soccer-specific training versus soccer-specific training only on aerobic performance during the YOYO intermittent fitness test level 1 (final velocity, total distance [TD], maximal oxygen consumption [VO2max]), repeated sprint ability (best, total sprint time [RSABT, RSATT], sprint decrement [RSA dec]) performance and somatic anxiety (SA), cognitive anxiety (CA), and self-confidence (SC) adaptations in soccer players.

Methods
Thirty-eight highly trained male athletes aged 18.9 ± 0.5 years were randomly assigned to an aerobic and speed training group (COMB-G; n = 20) or an active control group (CON-G; n = 18). Aerobic training comprised intermittent exercises at 110–120% of the final velocity achieved at the end of the YOYO IL1 test. Speed training involved maximal sprints over 15–20-m with 5–6 sets per session. Aerobic or speed training lasted 20 min per session and replaced parts of the soccer-specific training. CON-G performed the soccer-specific training including technical, tactical drills and small-sided games. Training volume was similar between groups. Pre, post intervention, all participants performed a repeated-sprint ability (RSA) test, the YO-YO IL1 test and the players completed a Competitive Scale Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2).

Results
A two (group: COMB-G, CON-G) by two (time: pre, post) mixed ANOVA (group-by-time) was computed. Significant group-by-time interactions were found for RSATT (F = 117.3; p < 0.001; Pη2 = 1.78), RSABT (F = 82.4; p < 0.001; Pη2 = 1.53), final velocity (F = 85.8; p < 0.001; Pη2 = 1.53), TD (F = 87.1; p < 0.001; Pη2 = 1.56), and VO2max (F = 18.0; p < 0.001; Pη2 = 0.72). In addition, significant group-by-time interactions were observed for SC (F = 90.2; p < 0.001; d = 1.60), SA (F = 60.5; p < 0.001; Pη2 = 1.70), and CA (F = 20.7; p < 0.001; Pη2 = 0.75). Post-hoc analyses indicated significant improvements for all dependent variables from pre- to post-training in favor of COMB-G.

Conclusion
Aerobic and speed training in combination with soccer-specific training is a safe and effective training method as it exerts positive effects not only for physical fitness but also for self-confidence and the coping of anxiety in male soccer players.
A narrative review on the role of magnesium in immune regulation, inflammation, infectious diseases, and cancer
Authors: Ashique Sumel , Kumar Shubneesh , Hussain Afzal , Mishra Neeraj , Garg Ashish , Gowda B. H. Jaswanth , Farid Arshad , Gupta Gaurav , Dua Kamal , Taghizadeh-Hesary Farzad 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Magnesium (Mg) has gained much importance recently because of its unique range of biological functions. It is one of the most significant micronutrients in biological systems. This review aims to outline the immune-regulating actions of Mg and its crucial role in regulating inflammation and immune response to infectious agents and malignancies.

Methods
We conducted a literature review on MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science to determine the impact of Mg on immune regulation in three settings of inflammation, infection, and cancer. We thoroughly examined all abstracts and full-text articles and selected the most relevant ones for inclusion in this review.

Results
Mg has long been associated with immunological responses, both nonspecific and specific. It plays a pivotal role in diverse immune responses by participating in multiple mechanisms. It facilitates substance P binding to lymphoblasts, promotes T helper, B cell, and macrophage responses to lymphokines, and facilitates antibody-dependent cytolysis and immune cell adherence. Besides, Mg serves as a cofactor for C'3 convertase and immunoglobulin synthesis. It additionally boasts a significant anti-cancer effect. Chronic Mg deficiency leads to enhanced baseline inflammation associated with oxidative stress, related to various age-associated morbidities. A deficiency of Mg in rodents has been observed to impact the cell-mediated immunity and synthesis of IgG adversely. This deficiency can lead to various complications, such as lymphoma, histaminosis, hypereosinophilia, increased levels of IgE, and atrophy of the thymus. The immunological consequences of Mg deficiency in humans can be influenced by the genetic regulation of Mg levels in blood cells. Mg can also mediate cell cycle progression. There has been a renewed interest in the physiology and therapeutic efficacy of Mg. However, the in-depth mechanisms, their clinical significance, and their importance in malignancies and inflammatory disorders still need to be clarified.

Conclusions
Mg is essential for optimal immune function and regulating inflammation. Deficiency in Mg can lead to temporary or long-term immune dysfunction. A balanced diet usually provides sufficient Mg, but supplementation may be necessary in some cases. Excessive supplementation can have negative impacts on immune function and should be avoided. This review provides an update on the importance of Mg in an immune response against cancer cells and infectious agents and how it regulates inflammation, oxidative stress, cell progression, differentiation, and apoptosis.
Design and optimization of an SOI-based electro-absorption-type VOA
Authors: Huang Yuming , Lu Lidan , Chen Guang , Xu Yingjie , Zhu Lianqing 
Published: July 2023

A silicon-on-insulator (SOI) variable optical attenuator (VOA) based on the plasma dispersion effect is optimized and realized, and the effects of doping concentration and distance about the VOA’s modulation depth and attenuation efficiency are investigated. Two structures of the VOA component are designed to achieve low power consumption, high stability, and high modulation efficiency. The modulation depth of the series VOA scheme reached 60.11 dB, and the insertion loss is only 4.87 dB. Compared with conventional components, our optimized VOA can not only improve the modulation accuracy and efficiency but also reduce the wavelength dependence.
Using machine learning to design a short test from a full-length test of functional health literacy in adults—The development of a short form of the Danish TOFHLA
Authors: Hæsum Lisa Korsbakke Emtekær , Cichosz Simon Lebech , Hejlesen Ole Kristian 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
Patients are compelled to become more involved in shared decision making with healthcare professionals in the self-management of chronic disease and general adherence to treatment. Therefore, it is valuable to be able to identify patients with low functional health literacy so they can be given special instructions about the management of chronic disease and medications. However, time spent by both patients and clinicians is a concern when introducing a screening instrument in the clinical setting, which raises the need for short instruments for assessing health literacy that can be used by patients without the involvement of healthcare personnel. This paper describes the development of a short version of the full-length Danish TOFHLA (DS-TOFHLA) that is easily applicable in the clinical context and where the use does not require a trained interviewer.

Materials and methods
Data were collected as a part of a large-scale telehomecare project (TeleCare North), which was a randomized controlled trial that included 1225 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The DS-TOFHLA was developed solely using an algorithm-based selection of variables and multiple linear regression. A multiple linear regression model was developed using an exhaustive search strategy.

Results
The exhaustive search showed that the number of items in the full-length TOFHLA could be reduced from 17 numeracy items and 50 reading comprehension items to 20 reading comprehension items while maintaining a correlation of r = 0.90 between the scores from full-length and short versions. A generic model-based approach was developed, which is suitable for development of short versions of the TOFHLA in other languages, including the original American version.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated how a generic model-based approach could be applied in the development of a short version of the TOFHLA, thereby reducing the 67 items to 20 items in the short version. Furthermore, this study showed that the inclusion of numeracy items was not necessary. The development of the DS-TOFHLA presents an opportunity to reliably identify patients with inadequate functional health literacy in approximately 5 minutes without involvement of healthcare personnel. The approach may be used in the development of short versions of any scaling questionnaire.
Subjective burden of government-imposed Covid-19 restrictions in Switzerland: Evidence from the 2022 LINK Covid-19 survey
Authors: Fink Günther , Förtsch Katharina , Felder Stefan 
Published: July 2023

Background
While a large literature has quantified the health and economic impact of COVID-19, estimates on the subjective losses in quality of life due to government imposed restrictions remain scarce.

Methods
We conducted a nationally representative online survey in Switzerland in February 2022 to measure average self-reported quality of life with government restrictions. We used a discrete choice experiment to compute average willingness to pay for avoiding specific restrictions and time-trade-off questions to quantify the relative quality of life under restrictions.

Results
A total of 1299 Swiss residents completed the online survey between February 9th and 15th, 2022. On average, respondents valued life under severe restrictions at 39% of their usual life (estimated relative utility 0.39 [0.37, 0.42]). Willingness to pay for avoiding restrictions was lowest for masks (CHF 663 [319, 1007]), and highest for schools and daycares (CHF 4123 [3443, 4803]) as well as private parties (CHF 4520 [3811, 5229]). We estimate that between March 2020 and February 2022 a total of 5.7 Million QALYs were lost due to light, moderate and severe restrictions imposed by the governments.

Conclusions
The quality of life losses due to government restrictions are substantial, particularly when it comes to the closure of schools and daycares, as well as the prohibition of private gatherings. Future policies should weigh these costs against the health benefits achievable with specific measures.
Safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells therapy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Mesa Luz Estella , López Josue Guillermo , López Quiceno Lucas , Barrios Arroyave Freddy , Halpert Karolynn , Camacho Jhyld C. 
Published: July 2023

Background and objectives
Some patients have insufficient treatment response to conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARD); although biologics have proven to be an effective treatment for RA, the effects that bDMARDs have on integumentary, cardiac, and immune systems and the high costs associated with these treatments, make that mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies (MSCs) for RA are being considered potential treatment methods. This work analyses the performance in safety and efficacy terms of MSCs techniques.

Methods and finding
A literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Open Grey databases from inception to October 28, 2022. Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and one non-randomized controlled trial (non-RCTs), including 358 patients met our inclusion criteria and were included in qualitative synthesis; only RCTs were eligible for quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis). Meta-analysis of adverse events (AE) in RCTs showed no significant differences in the incidence of AE in the MSCs group compared to the control group (Risk ratio: 2.35; 95% CI, 0.58 to 9.58; I2 = 58.80%). The pooled Risk ratio for non-serious and serious adverse events showed no statistical difference between intervention and control groups concerning the incidence of non-serious and serious adverse events (Risk ratio: 2.35; 95% CI, 0.58 to 9.51; I2 = 58.62%) and (Risk ratio: 1.10; 95% CI, 0.15 to 7.97; I2 = 0.0%) respectively. The Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and Disease Activity Score (DAS28) decreased in agreement with the decreasing values of C-reactive protein (CRP) and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Additionally, a trend toward clinical efficacy was observed; however, this improvement was not shown in the studies after 12 months of follow-up without continuous treatment administration.

Conclusion
This Systematic review and meta-analysis showed a favorable safety profile, without life-threatening events in subjects with RA, and a trend toward clinical efficacy that must be confirmed through high-quality RCTs, considerable sample size, and extended follow-up in subjects with RA.
Strengthening the strategy to sustain optimal iodine status in the Republic of Moldova: Assessing the use of iodized salt in industrially processed foods
Authors: Salaru Ion , Demiscan Daniela , Turcan Lilia 
Published: July 2023

Background
Although national legislation in the Republic of Moldova includes the use of iodized salt in processed food industry as well as household (cooking and table) salt, little is known of the actual use of iodized salt in the food industry and its contribution to the overall iodine intake of the population. This study has helped to address the gap in understanding about how much iodized salt is used in the production of different foods and to identify where more information is still required in order to more fully characterize the contribution of food industry salt to population iodine intake.

Methods
Using the available food consumption and production data, the assessment introduces a novel modelling technique, based on the methodology of the IGN Programme Guidance to assess the use of iodized salt in industrially produced foods (IPF). The method included the identification of key salt containing IPF and modelling of the salt and potential iodine intake in two groups of the population, non-pregnant adults and pregnant women. The findings were synthetized to develop a list of recommendations for adjustment or strengthening the existing salt iodization strategy.

Main results
In RM, the salt used for industrially produced bread and household use provide almost 80% of all salt intake for adults. The intake from iodized salt at household level and the 8 key salt- containing IPF is estimated to currently meet 89% and 53% of the recommended nutrient for adults and pregnant women, respectively. If all salt used at household level and industrial bread baking would be iodized, then, potentially, it could ensure 181% and 109%, respectively, of the required iodine intake.

Conclusions
Use of iodized salt in the processed food industry is of growing significance and universal use of iodized salt at household level and in bread production could result in a desirable increase in iodine intake. The national salt iodization strategy should include strengthened regulatory monitoring of iodized salt use in the bread baking industry.
СИНДРОМ ГИПОГОНАДИЗМА У МУЖЧИН С САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ 2 ТИПА В РОССИИ:
ОБЪЕДИНЕННЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ДАННЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ЗА ПЕРИОД 2005-2022 ГОД
Authors: Чернова М. О. , Есауленко Д. И. , Роживанова Е. Р. , Роживанов Р. В. , Мельниченко Г. А. , Шестакова М. В. 
Published: July 2023

Мужской гипогонадизм ассоциирован с сахарным диабетом 2 типа (СД2), в связи с этим представляет
интерес исследование его клинико-эпидемиологических характеристик. Эти данные опубликованы, одна-
ко проблемой является их разрозненность и малые объемы выборок. Суммарная оценка объединенных
первичных данных проведенных исследований обеспечит достаточную репрезентативность и позволит
экстраполировать результаты на российскую популяцию в целом.
ЦЕЛЬ: оценка клинико-эпидемиологических характеристик и отягощающих факторов синдрома гипо-
гонадизма у мужчин с СД2 в России.
МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: объединение первичных данных (анамнеза, антропометрических показа-
телей, лабораторного исследования) сплошных одномоментных скрининговых исследований синдрома
гипогонадизма у мужчин с СД2, проведенных на территории Российской Федерации в период с 2005
по 2022 год. Сравнение групп проведено с помощью U-критерия Манна–Уитни и χ² с поправкой Йетса.
Статистически значимыми считались различия при p<0,05.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: синдром гипогонадизма был выявлен у 893 из 1576 мужчин (56,7%). Пациенты с гипого-
надизмом по сравнению с мужчинами без гипогонадизма были статистически значимо старше (56 [50;60]
против 55 [49;59]лет, p<0,001), имели худшие показатели гликемического контроля (гликированный гемо-
глобин (HbA1c) 8,2 [6,8;9,9] против 7,6 [6,4;9,2]%, p<0,001) и более выраженное ожирение (индекс массы
тела (ИМТ) 31,0 [27,8;35,1] против 29,4 [26,5;32,6] кг/м2, p<0,001). Дополнительный сравнительный анализ
пациентов в группах с разным возрастом, ИМТ и HbA1c продемонстрировал возрастание частоты встре-
чаемости гипогонадизма и снижение уровня общего тестостерона сыворотки крови по мере увеличения
возраста, ИМТ и HbA1c (наиболее значимо при HbA1c≥10,0%). При оценке характера осложнений СД2
была выявлена статистически значимо большая распространенность макроангиопатий (ишемической
болезни сердца - 32,7 против 23,8%, p=0,005; острого нарушения мозгового кровообращения - 6,1 против
0,9%, p<0,001; синдрома диабетической стопы - 25,2 против 14,5%, p<0,001) и полинейропатии (70,4 против
58,8%, p<0,001) у мужчин с гипогонадизмом по сравнению с эугонадными пациентами.
ВЫВОДЫ: у 56,7% пациентов с СД2 выявлен синдром гипогонадизма. Его развитие обусловлено воз-
растом, ожирением, нарушением контроля углеводного обмена (наиболее выраженно при HbA1c≥10,0%).
Синдром гипогонадизма ассоциирован с развитием диабетических макроангиопатий и полинейропатии
Problematyka ocen krajobrazu w kontekście lądowych farm wiatrowych w Polsce
Authors: Antolak Mariusz , Pawelec Patrycja 
Published: July 2023

Wykorzystanie wiatru w celu pozyskania energii wymaga budowania infrastruktury, która wpływa znacząco na wizualną percepcję krajobrazu. Powstanie tego typu inwestycji poprzedza długotrwała procedura, której częścią powinna być ocena krajobrazu. Ocena krajobrazu jest składową wielu opracowań o charakterze studialnym, m.in. raportów o oddziaływaniu przedsięwzięcia na środowisko. Ekspertyzy krajobrazowe, stanowiące załączniki do raportów, są coraz częściej wymagane przez regionalne dyrekcje ochrony środowiska. Dokumentacje tego rodzaju przygotowywane są jednak według różnych metodyk i na bardzo zróżnicowanym poziomie merytorycznym. Celem niniejszej pracy była analiza jakościowa wybranych opracowań, w których oceniano krajobraz. Przeprowadzono ponadto diagnozę głównych problemów, związanych z ocenami krajobrazu projektowanych, lądowych farm wiatrowych w Polsce.
Analiza kryteriów koncepcji Baukultur w miastach Nadrenii Północnej-Westfalii i Meklemburgii-Pomorza Przedniego
Authors: Akincza Marta , Gadomska Wiesława 
Published: July 2023

W styczniu 2018 r. została przyjęta deklaracja z Davos „Ku wysokiej jakości Baukultur dla Europy”. Podpisali ją ministrowie kultury wielu krajów europejskich. Baukultur , jako koncepcja kultury kształtowania przestrzeni, obejmuje każdą działalność człowieka zmieniającą przestrzeń zbudowaną i odnosi się do różnych skal. W deklaracji wymieniono osiem kryteriów jakości miejsca: tożsamość, funkcjonalność, różnorodność, ekonomię, środowisko, kontekst, zarządzanie i piękno. Badania dotyczą wybranych miast z dwóch regionów Niemiec – Nadrenii Północnej-Westfalii oraz Meklemburgii-Pomorza Przedniego, takich jak: Kempen, Straelen, Hallenberg, Warburg, Krefeld-Linn, Parchim, Grabow, Güstrow. W artykule opisano kryteria jakości, a w sposób szczegółowy trzy wybrane, dotyczące różnorodności, środowiska i piękna. Wskazano na wiele korzyści dla społeczeństwa, które wynikają z koncepcji kryteriów wysokiej jakości kultury kształtowania przestrzeni. Zwrócono uwagę na całościowe podejście do rozwiązań odnoszących się do przestrzeni publicznej w mieście, rozwoju różnych form terenów zieleni, jak również zagadnień krajobrazowych stref podmiejskich. Holistyczne podejście do przestrzeni zbudowanej w prezentowanych miastach łączy w sobie współczesną architekturę z tkanką historyczną oraz dziedzictwem kulturowym i przyrodniczym.
To move or not to move? The housing preferences of a post-socialist city in the suburbanisation stage
Authors: Błoch Wiktor , Mackiewicz Michał , Sokołowicz Mariusz 
Published: July 2023

Researchers of urban mobility patterns and residential preferences of urban dwellers increasingly inquire whether these processes are universal or place-specific. It is also interesting in the context of processes taking place in post-industrial and post-socialist cities, considering their rapid demographic and spatial transformations (e.g. the process of shrinkage, which is simultaneous with the process of suburbanization). In turn, in the context of housing mechanisms, it is interesting how much the urban life cycle coincides with the life cycle of its households. To address this question, we conducted a study based on an extensive stated preferences survey (N = 1113) from Poland’s third-largest city – Lodz. It allowed us to statistically elaborate on the determinants of the preference to move from an existing home to a new location and to what extent the physical and social environment of the properties, defined through the lenses of urban amenities, affects such decisions. We found that 56% of respondents declared that they would prefer to live in a different neighbourhood than the ones they currently live. In line with the household’s life cycle model, age was the main driving factor, while urban amenities played a minor role in determining location preferences. The youngest age group preferred to live in the city centre, while late-middle age groups preferred to move to the suburbs. Also, people living in single-family houses strongly preferred to stay in their current location, compared to those inhabiting all other types of buildings.
“Struggle for Peace, in their Own Land” as the Philosophy of the “Nevada-Semipalatinsk” Movement
Authors: Aitenova Аlfiya , Kulsariyeva Aktolkyn , Ryskiyeva Aiymzhan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The relevance of the study lies in the need to assess the influence and significance of socio-political movements in stimulating political and social changes, in this case, the anti-nuclear movement in Kazakhstan. This will allow for a deeper understanding of the complexity and multidimensional nature of organised collective actions and may inform future research and policy development related to nuclear testing, environmental issues, and public health. The article aims to define the philosophy of the international anti-nuclear movement, “Nevada-Semey” (“Struggle for peace, on their own land”). The authors point to the causal link that the researched international anti-nuclear campaign is a social phenomenon that emerged as a consequence of the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site activity. Therefore, the academic writings, and normative documents concerning the work of this nuclear testing ground and its consequences for the environment and human health are analysed first of all. Journalistic studies, scientific articles, and monographs on the international anti-nuclear movement “Nevada-Semey” are studied and analysed. The authors of the article found and investigated that the studied campaign had its philosophy, along with the main goal it was concerned with humanitarian aid and legal provision for residents of settlements affected by the polygon.