bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of the Irish Paramedicine Education and Research Network (IPERN): Overview of Activity 2021-2022
Authors: Cummins Niamh , Bright Ann-Marie , Burton Edel , Doyle Brian , Gaumont Damien , O'Toole Michelle 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:The Irish Paramedicine Education and Research Network (IPERN) is dedicated to collaboratively building research culture and research capacity for out-of-hospital care in Ireland and internationally. IPERN is led by an inter-professional team of paramedics, nurses, doctors, allied health professionals and scientists. IPERN supports clinicians to bridge the theory-practice gap through involvement in research training, knowledge generation, knowledge translation, evidence implementation, policy setting, research partnerships, co-production and research leadership. The aim of this study is to quantitatively describe the activity of IPERN in the first two years of it’s foundation (2021-2022).Method:This is an observational study and data was collected prospectively throughout 2021 and 2022. Data on event attendance was collated via the Event management software EventBrite and supplemented with minutes from IPERN Committee meetings. Data analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel and comprised descriptive statistics.Results:The IPERN Team comprises 14 inter-professional members of whom nine (64%) are paramedics. To date IPERN has launched seven special interest groups; Medical, Trauma, Pediatrics, Mental Health, Human Factors, Medical Logistics and Equality Diversity & Inclusion. The network hosted 14 CPD events from March 2021 to November 2022. In terms of research capacity building, the work of IPERN has been presented at six international conferences and the IPERN Team has successfully secured four grants since the foundation of the network.Conclusion:Due to the complex and multidisciplinary nature of out-of-hospital care a strategic and collaborative approach to research capacity-building is essential. Underpinning evidence-based practice is a strong research culture and it is imperative that all clinicians involved in out-of-hospital care have the opportunity to develop knowledge and expertise. IPERN takes a participatory approach to research and our events provide an open and friendly platform for members to engage in research, building a vibrant research community both in Ireland and internationally.
Morphological segmentations of Non-Māori Speaking New Zealanders match proficient speakers
Authors: Panther Forrest , Mattingley Wakayo , Hay Jen , Todd Simon , King Jeanette , Keegan Peter J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrevious research has shown that non-Māori Speaking New Zealanders have extensive latent knowledge of Māori, despite not being able to speak it. This knowledge plausibly derives from a memory store of Māori forms (Oh et al., 2020; Panther et al., 2023). Modelling suggests that this ‘proto-lexicon’ includes not only Māori words, but also word-parts; however, this suggestion has not yet been tested experimentally.We present the results of a new experiment in which non-Māori speaking New Zealanders and non-New Zealanders were asked to segment a range of Māori words into parts. We show that the degree to which segmentations of non-Māori speakers correlate to the segmentations of two fluent speakers of Māori is stronger among New Zealanders than non-New Zealanders. This research adds to the growing evidence that even in a largely ‘monolingual’ population, there is evidence of latent bilingualism through long-term exposure to a second language.
‘Informed consent is a bit of a joke to me’: lived experiences of insight, coercion, and capabilities in mental health care settings
Authors: Furgalska Magdalena 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Independent Review of the Mental Health Act 1983 found that people’s experiences and self-knowledge were mislabelled as a ‘lack of insight’. Insight, a psychiatric concept, is defined as an ability to recognise one’s mental illness, awareness of one’s symptoms and compliance with treatment. Across different jurisdictions, legal scholars have raised concerns about the influence of insight on legal provisions for psychiatric care and mental capacity assessments, given its prevalent use in psychiatry and its absence from statutory criteria. However, outside of these findings, little is known about people’s lived experiences of ‘insight’ and the law. This article draws on narrative and photo-elicitation interviews with psychiatric survivors to argue that insight is an extra-legislative proxy for regulating involuntary detention and other coercion masked as consent. Finally, this article draws on the capabilities approach to deliver a justice argument for creating real opportunities to provide informed consent in mental health settings.
A compact 12 × 12 MIMO loop antenna for 5G mobile phone applications
Authors: Jhuang Ji-Peng , Su Hsin-Lung 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA compact 12-element multiple-input multiple-output loop antenna array for a fifth-generation (5G) mobile phone is proposed. The operating band for the proposed antenna covers the long-term evolution 42 band, which spans a frequency range of 3.4–3.6 GHz. The size of the single antenna element is 5.85 × 4.9 mm2 (0.068λ0 × 0.057λ0), and 12 of these elements are positioned along two side edges of the mobile phone. This antenna is suitable for high screen-to-body ratio devices. The measured 6-dB impedance bandwidth is from 3.4 to 3.73 GHz. The measured total efficiency of the proposed antenna is 39–56% and the peak gain is 0–3.2 dBi. The transmission coefficient is less than −12 dB, the envelope correlation coefficient is less than 0.42, and the channel capacity is 45–50 bps/Hz.
The Moral Reasoning of Ideology: The Mediating Role of Moral Foundations, Moral Absolutism, and Consistency Norm
Authors: Tsitseli Antonia , Prodromitis Gerasimos 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFocusing on the ideological and worldview premises of moral reasoning, our study (N= 313) has as a starting point the well-known relationship between morality and distributive justice norms. We examined the serially mediating role of progressiveness on morality, moral absolutism, and consistency norm on the relationship between ideological/worldview perspectives and distributional criteria. Three groups of respondents were formed based on participants’ ideological and worldview perceptions and then serial mediation analysis was conducted. The present findings suggest that morality is predicted by ideology and worldview and predicts attitudes toward the norms of equity and welfare chauvinism, through moral absolutism and interpretations of consistency norm, thus confirming our hypothesis. Moderate Passive Individualists emerged as the group who adopts the most progressive and inclusive attitude towards moral evaluations and practices, while Demobilized Collectivists and Neoliberals maintain a more conservative attitude towards issues that are subjected to moral framing. Our findings shed light on the crucial role of consistency norm, which has not received enough attention until now.
Lightning Rings and Gravity Waves: Insights Into the Giant Eruption Plume From Tonga's Hunga Volcano on 15 January 2022
Authors: Van Eaton Alexa R. , Lapierre Jeff , Behnke Sonja A. , Vagasky Chris , Schultz Christopher J. , Pavolonis Michael , Bedka Kristopher , Khlopenkov Konstantin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOn 15 January 2022, Hunga Volcano in Tonga produced the most violent eruption in the modern satellite era, sending a water‐rich plume at least 58 km high. Using a combination of satellite‐ and ground‐based sensors, we investigate the astonishing rate of volcanic lightning (>2,600 flashes min−1) and what it reveals about the dynamics of the submarine eruption. In map view, lightning locations form radially expanding rings. We show that the initial lightning ring is co‐located with an internal gravity wave traveling >80 m s−1 in the stratospheric umbrella cloud. Buoyant oscillations of the plume's overshooting top generated the gravity waves, which enhanced turbulent particle interactions and triggered high‐current electrical discharges at unusually high altitudes. Our analysis attributes the intense lightning activity to an exceptional mass eruption rate (>5 × 109 kg s−1), rapidly expanding umbrella cloud, and entrainment of abundant seawater vaporized from magma‐water interaction at the submarine vent.
Numerical Simulation of the Large‐Scale Huangtian (China) Landslide‐Generated Impulse Waves by a GPU‐Accelerated Three‐Dimensional Soil‒Water Coupled SPH Model
Authors: Huang Can , Hu Chao , An Yi , Shi Chuanqi , Feng Chun , Wang Huaning , Liu Qingquan , Wang Xiaoliang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis work presents an improved soil‒water coupling model to simulate landslide‐generated impulse waves (LGIWs) in a unified smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) framework, where both water flow and landslide motions are modeled by SPH using an interface coupling technique. Graphics processing unit technology based on an open‐source platform DualSPHysics is chosen to employ the landslide dynamics and soil‒water interface coupling to achieve the capability of large‐scale simulation and high‐resolution modeling for three‐dimensional LGIW problems. A subaerial landslide‐generated water waves, is simulated to demonstrate the accuracy and ability of this model. The Huangtian LGIW is then simulated to reproduce the entire disaster chain, including landslide dynamics, fluid‒solid interaction, and surge wave generation. Particle resolution dependence is examined, giving a particle distance of 5.0 m, which can provide a converged landslide deposit and surge wave. The simulation shows that in the Huangtian LGIW, the landslide deposit volume was approximately 41.6 million m3 (600 m width, 768 m length, and 400 m above the still water level), with an immersed landslide volume of 11.3 million m3; for the surge wave, the maximum wave and run‐up heights were 34.3 and 48 m, respectively. These results are within the estimated ranges of both the landslide and surge wave according to limited field survey data. The case study of the Huangtian LGIW provides a typical reference of how to reproduce a reliable whole process of large scale multi‐physical and multiscale LGIW, including full information of landslide dynamics, interface coupling behavior, and surge wave characteristics.
A Comparison of Different Station Data on Revealing the Characteristics of Extreme Hourly Precipitation Over Complex Terrain: The Case of Zhejiang, China
Authors: Wu Mengwen , Dong Meiying , Chen Feng , Yu Zhenshou , Luo Yang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBoth long‐term but small number of national stations and short‐term but large number of regional stations have been frequently used to study the extreme hourly precipitation (EXHP) in China. However, few studies focus on the differences of the two for revealing the features of EXHP. In this study, the characteristics of EXHP in Zhejiang Province are investigated using three rainfall data sets at three threshold criteria. The comparison between different data sets shows that increasing the station density can better reflect the climatic spatial distribution of EXHP thresholds if long‐term data is absent. The majority of EXHP can be classified into four weather types: the southwesterly wind type (30.7%–48.5%), the trough type (12.2%–23.6%), the tropical cyclone (TC) type (11.4%–17.5%) and the easterly wind type (4.9%–17.9%). The selection of stations is more sensitive to the proportions of the four weather types than the statistical years and threshold criteria. The monthly and diurnal variations of EXHP, as well as their differences revealed by the three data sets, are varied by weather type. Only using national stations cannot distinguish the spatial differences between the TC type and the easterly wind type, and there is an underestimation for southwesterly wind type and trough type in the mountainous area of southwest Zhejiang. The statistical year and station height are the main reasons for the differences in the duration of EXHP events calculated by different data sets, with the TC type having the largest effect and the southwesterly wind type the smallest.
Integrated metasurfaces for re-envisioning a near-future disruptive optical platform
Authors: Yang Younghwan , Seong Junhwa , Choi Minseok , Park Junkyeong , Kim Gyeongtae , Kim Hongyoon , Jeong Junhyeon , Jung Chunghwan , Kim Joohoon , Jeon Gyoseon , Lee Kyung-il , Yoon Dong Hyun , Rho Junsuk 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMetasurfaces have been continuously garnering attention in both scientific and industrial fields, owing to their unprecedented wavefront manipulation capabilities using arranged subwavelength artificial structures. To date, research has mainly focused on the full control of electromagnetic characteristics, including polarization, phase, amplitude, and even frequencies. Consequently, versatile possibilities of electromagnetic wave control have been achieved, yielding practical optical components such as metalenses, beam-steerers, metaholograms, and sensors. Current research is now focused on integrating the aforementioned metasurfaces with other standard optical components (e.g., light-emitting diodes, charged-coupled devices, micro-electro-mechanical systems, liquid crystals, heaters, refractive optical elements, planar waveguides, optical fibers, etc.) for commercialization with miniaturization trends of optical devices. Herein, this review describes and classifies metasurface-integrated optical components, and subsequently discusses their promising applications with metasurface-integrated optical platforms including those of augmented/virtual reality, light detection and ranging, and sensors. In conclusion, this review presents several challenges and prospects that are prevalent in the field in order to accelerate the commercialization of metasurfaces-integrated optical platforms.
Quorum quenching by a type IVA secretion system effector
Authors: Liao Jinxing , Li Zihan , Xiong Dan , Shen Danyu , Wang Limin , Lin Long , Shao Xiaolong , Liao Lisheng , Li Peng , Zhang Li-Qun , Wang Hai-Hong , Qian Guoliang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Proteobacteria primarily utilize acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) as quorum-sensing signals for intra-/interspecies communication to control pathogen infections. Enzymatic degradation of AHL represents the major quorum-quenching mechanism that has been developed as a promising approach to prevent bacterial infections. Here we identified a novel quorum-quenching mechanism revealed by an effector of the type IVA secretion system (T4ASS) in bacterial interspecies competition. We found that the soil antifungal bacterium Lysobacter enzymogenes OH11 (OH11) could use T4ASS to deliver the effector protein Le1288 into the cytoplasm of another soil microbiome bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24 (2P24). Le1288 did not degrade AHL, whereas its delivery to strain 2P24 significantly impaired AHL production through binding to the AHL synthase PcoI. Therefore, we defined Le1288 as LqqE1 (Lysobacterquorum-quenching effector 1). Formation of the LqqE1-PcoI complex enabled LqqE1 to block the ability of PcoI to recognize/bind S-adenosy-L-methionine, a substrate required for AHL synthesis. This LqqE1-triggered interspecies quorum-quenching in bacteria seemed to be of key ecological significance, as it conferred strain OH11 a better competitive advantage in killing strain 2P24 via cell-to-cell contact. This novel quorum-quenching also appeared to be adopted by other T4ASS-production bacteria. Our findings suggest a novel quorum-quenching that occurred naturally in bacterial interspecies interactions within the soil microbiome by effector translocation. Finally, we presented two case studies showing the application potential of LqqE1 to block AHL signaling in the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum.
Dynamic interplay between target search and recognition for a Type I CRISPR-Cas system
Authors: Aldag Pierre , Rutkauskas Marius , Madariaga-Marcos Julene , Songailiene Inga , Sinkunas Tomas , Kemmerich Felix , Kauert Dominik , Siksnys Virginijus , Seidel Ralf 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCRISPR-Cas effector complexes enable the defense against foreign nucleic acids and have recently been exploited as molecular tools for precise genome editing at a target locus. To bind and cleave their target, the CRISPR-Cas effectors have to interrogate the entire genome for the presence of a matching sequence. Here we dissect the target search and recognition process of the Type I CRISPR-Cas complex Cascade by simultaneously monitoring DNA binding and R-loop formation by the complex. We directly quantify the effect of DNA supercoiling on the target recognition probability and demonstrate that Cascade uses facilitated diffusion for its target search. We show that target search and target recognition are tightly linked and that DNA supercoiling and limited 1D diffusion need to be considered when understanding target recognition and target search by CRISPR-Cas enzymes and engineering more efficient and precise variants.
The genome of Acorus deciphers insights into early monocot evolution
Authors: Guo Xing , Wang Fang , Fang Dongming , Lin Qiongqiong , Sahu Sunil Kumar , Luo Liuming , Li Jiani , Chen Yewen , Dong Shanshan , Chen Sisi , Liu Yang , Luo Shixiao , Guo Yalong , Liu Huan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAcorales is the sister lineage to all the other extant monocot plants. Genomic resource enhancement of this genus can help to reveal early monocot genomic architecture and evolution. Here, we assemble the genome of Acorus gramineus and reveal that it has ~45% fewer genes than the majority of monocots, although they have similar genome size. Phylogenetic analyses based on both chloroplast and nuclear genes consistently support that A. gramineus is the sister to the remaining monocots. In addition, we assemble a 2.2 Mb mitochondrial genome and observe many genes exhibit higher mutation rates than that of most angiosperms, which could be the reason leading to the controversies of nuclear genes- and mitochondrial genes-based phylogenetic trees existing in the literature. Further, Acorales did not experience tau (τ) whole-genome duplication, unlike majority of monocot clades, and no large-scale gene expansion is observed. Moreover, we identify gene contractions and expansions likely linking to plant architecture, stress resistance, light harvesting, and essential oil metabolism. These findings shed light on the evolution of early monocots and genomic footprints of wetland plant adaptations.
Leveraging football accelerometer data to quantify associations between repetitive head impacts and chronic traumatic encephalopathy in males
Authors: Daneshvar Daniel H. , Nair Evan S. , Baucom Zachary H. , Rasch Abigail , Abdolmohammadi Bobak , Uretsky Madeline , Saltiel Nicole , Shah Arsal , Jarnagin Johnny , Baugh Christine M. , Martin Brett M. , Palmisano Joseph N. , Cherry Jonathan D. , Alvarez Victor E. , Huber Bertrand R. , Weuve Jennifer , Nowinski Christopher J. , Cantu Robert C. , Zafonte Ross D. , Dwyer Brigid , Crary John F. , Goldstein Lee E. , Kowall Neil W. , Katz Douglas I. , Stern Robert A. , Tripodis Yorghos , Stein Thor D. , McClean Michael D. , Alosco Michael L. , McKee Ann C. , Mez Jesse 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative tauopathy associated with repetitive head impacts (RHI), but the components of RHI exposure underlying this relationship are unclear. We create a position exposure matrix (PEM), composed of American football helmet sensor data, summarized from literature review by player position and level of play. Using this PEM, we estimate measures of lifetime RHI exposure for a separate cohort of 631 football playing brain donors. Separate models examine the relationship between CTE pathology and players’ concussion count, athletic positions, years of football, and PEM-derived measures, including estimated cumulative head impacts, linear accelerations, and rotational accelerations. Only duration of play and PEM-derived measures are significantly associated with CTE pathology. Models incorporating cumulative linear or rotational acceleration have better model fit and are better predictors of CTE pathology than duration of play or cumulative head impacts alone. These findings implicate cumulative head impact intensity in CTE pathogenesis.
A platform trial of neoadjuvant and adjuvant antitumor vaccination alone or in combination with PD-1 antagonist and CD137 agonist antibodies in patients with resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Heumann Thatcher , Judkins Carol , Li Keyu , Lim Su Jin , Hoare Jessica , Parkinson Rose , Cao Haihui , Zhang Tengyi , Gai Jessica , Celiker Betul , Zhu Qingfeng , McPhaul Thomas , Durham Jennifer , Purtell Katrina , Klein Rachel , Laheru Daniel , De Jesus-Acosta Ana , Le Dung T. , Narang Amol , Anders Robert , Burkhart Richard , Burns William , Soares Kevin , Wolfgang Christopher , Thompson Elizabeth , Jaffee Elizabeth , Wang Hao , He Jin , Zheng Lei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA neoadjuvant immunotherapy platform clinical trial allows for rapid evaluation of treatment-related changes in tumors and identifying targets to optimize treatment responses. We enrolled patients with resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma into such a platform trial (NCT02451982) to receive pancreatic cancer GVAX vaccine with low-dose cyclophosphamide alone (Arm A; n = 16), with anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab (Arm B; n = 14), and with both nivolumab and anti-CD137 agonist antibody urelumab (Arm C; n = 10), respectively. The primary endpoint for Arms A/B - treatment-related change in IL17A expression in vaccine-induced lymphoid aggregates - was previously published. Here, we report the primary endpoint for Arms B/C: treatment-related change in intratumoral CD8+ CD137+ cells and the secondary outcomes including safety, disease-free and overall survivals for all Arms. Treatment with GVAX+nivolumab+urelumab meets the primary endpoint by significantly increasing intratumoral CD8+ CD137+ cells (p = 0.003) compared to GVAX+Nivolumab. All treatments are well-tolerated. Median disease-free and overall survivals, respectively, are 13.90/14.98/33.51 and 23.59/27.01/35.55 months for Arms A/B/C. GVAX+nivolumab+urelumab demonstrates numerically-improved disease-free survival (HR = 0.55, p = 0.242; HR = 0.51, p = 0.173) and overall survival (HR = 0.59, p = 0.377; HR = 0.53, p = 0.279) compared to GVAX and GVAX+nivolumab, respectively, although not statistically significant due to small sample size. Therefore, neoadjuvant and adjuvant GVAX with PD-1 blockade and CD137 agonist antibody therapy is safe, increases intratumoral activated, cytotoxic T cells, and demonstrates a potentially promising efficacy signal in resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma that warrants further study.