bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-centeredness and acceptability of remotely delivered physical therapy care for musculoskeletal disorders in four large hospitals within the Military Health System
Authors: Rhon Daniel I. , Anderson Danielle N. , Konitzer Lisa N. , Pickens Bryan B. , Szymanek Eliza B. , Mayhew Rachel J. , Laugesen Mary C. , Greenlee Tina A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Physical therapy services delivered remotely are becoming more common. The purpose was to summarize the acceptability and patient-centeredness of remotely delivered physical therapy.

Methods
This was a survey study. Patients and clinicians from physical therapy clinics in the US Military Health System were asked to provide feedback at the conclusion of each remote visit. Platform, reason for care, components of physical therapy delivered and received, satisfaction, and perception of patient-centeredness were collected. Results were summarized as proportions and frequencies.

Results
Feedback was provided by physical therapists for 250 visits and from patients for 61 visits. Most visits were completed using audio only (n = 172; 68.8%) while the rest integrated video capability (n = 78; 31.2%). Overall patients perceived their care was patient-centered either completely or very much. Over 90% of visits were perceived by physical therapists as being highly patient centered. For 53.2% of visits, patients thought that same visit would have been even more impactful in person and for 52.4% of visits, physical therapists thought the visit would have been more impactful in person.

Conclusion
Even though remotely provided physical therapy care was rated by patients to be patient-centered, approximately half of the patients responding felt the same physical therapy visit would have been more impactful in person. Similarly, physical therapists felt that their intervention would have been more impactful in person for approximately half of all visits. Physical therapy care delivered remotely was patient-centered and an acceptable alternative to in-person care for both patients and physical therapists.
Port Cities in the Persian Gulf: From Quiet Pearling Towns to Global Cities
Authors: Kamrava Mehran 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Divergent historical paths and different levels of state attention have led to different developmental paths by the contemporary port cities of the Persian Gulf. Some port cities were established as company towns by Western oil enterprises, with Abadan and Dammam as primary examples, designed specifically for purposes of segregating Western employees from local ones and housing each according to hierarchy and rank. Dammam has received government attention and resources, but Abadan has mostly been left on its own, still bearing the scars of Iran's war with Iraq from 1980 to 1988. Also largely ignored are secondary port cities such as Basra, Bushehr, and Bandar Abbas, especially in comparison to the aspiring global cities of Kuwait, Manama, Doha, Abu Dhabi, and Dubai. Whether this latter group of port cities have reached the status of “global cities” is an open question, despite their expanding roles as nodes in global networks of transportation, logistics, and services. Impressive buildings and modern landmarks they have in abundance, but whether form can attract or foster substance is yet to be seen.
Near and Far SightSites Converge
Authors: Khan Naiza , Kabir Ananya Jahanara 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This conversation between an academic (Ananya Jahanara Kabir, Kings College London) and a visual artist (Naiza Khan, London-Karachi) draws on an intellectual exchange of over a decade to dredge up submerged histories of the Indian Ocean that both share as part of their relationship to the port cities of Kolkata and Karachi respectively. Responding to key works by Khan that reference the monsoon as a sensory context for that history, the interlocutors mobilize a conjunction of near and far sites and sights. They thereby reveal the necessity of recognizing water in all its atmospheric states as a connector between African and Asian landmasses; as a releaser of creolized ways of life that are repressed by nationalist, nativist, and casteist narratives; and as a generator of alegropolitics, or the politics of embodied joy, through which to resist those convergent landcentric hegemonies.
On History, Cosmopolitanism, and Indian Ocean Studies: A Conversation with Abdul Sheriff
Authors: Prestholdt Jeremy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In January 2022, Jeremy Prestholdt spoke with Abdul Sheriff, author, editor, and coeditor of several books, former professor at the University of Dar es Salaam, principal curator of Zanzibar Museums, and executive director of the Zanzibar Indian Ocean Research Institute (ZIORI). Speaking via Zoom, in this interview Sheriff discussed his career trajectory, including his years at the University of Dar es Salaam, his books Slaves, Spices, and Ivory in Zanzibar and Dhow Cultures of the Indian Ocean, his curatorial work in Zanzibar, and the establishment of ZIORI as well as his current research.
The Prevalence and Severity Comparison of COVID-19 Disease in SAARC Affiliated Countries: Pattern Analysis during the First Wave in 2020
Authors: Muyeed Abdul , Saha Tushar Kanti , Shaharin Rubya , Prodhan Uzzal Kumar 
Published: June 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the prevalence and severity of COVID-19 disease in SAARC affiliated countries and show the comparison by analyzing the patterns of infections, recoveries, and deaths among the countries. Methods: The data related to COVID-19 of SAARC affiliated countries were collected from Worldometer in which the dataset consists of daily confirmed, recovery, and death cases. To compare the prevalence and severity of COVID-19 among these countries, we consider three parameters such as case fatality rate (CFR), recovery-to-death ratio (RDR), and percent active case (PAC). Results: The highest daily CFR among the SAARC affiliated countries was in Bangladesh followed by Afghanistan, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal and the Maldives according to the maximum CFR of the countries until 24 October 2020. The highest RDR among the SAARC affiliated countries was in Nepal followed by the Maldives, Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Afghanistan until 24 October. The most prevalent country according to infection per million people by COVID-19 among the SAARC affiliated countries is the Maldives followed by India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka as of October 24. The most death prevalent country per million people is India followed by the Maldives, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and no people died in Bhutan until October 24, 2020. Conclusion: This study shows that the severity of COVID-19 is high in the Maldives in terms of infections and India in terms of deaths per million in SAARC, so India is at high risk among the countries.
Is metformin the only culprit for cognitive impairment in diabetes?
Authors: R Murali , Boloor Archith , H Yeshwanth 
Published: June 2023

Background: As patients with diabetes are conventionally on a long-term prescription for metformin, it is important to identify any increase in their risk for developing cognitive disorders due to metformin. Hence, an attempt was made to study the cognitive impairment by using Montreal Cognitive Assessment test (MoCA) as a possible predictor of development of cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes patients on metformin therapy. Methods: Four hundred type 2 diabetes patients on metformin were enrolled for this cross-sectional study, and data recorded. Cognitive test MoCA was administered and a score less than 26 was considered abnormal. Results: In this study, the participants on metformin had a statistically significant correlation with age > 65 years, duration of diabetes (>5 years), metformin dose (1 gm and more) and presence of diabetes complications. Ordinal regressions showed significant correlation between abnormal MoCA scores and older age, longer duration of DM, and presence of one of the DM complications. Conclusions: Amongst patients receiving medical therapy for control of type 2 diabetes, participants using metformin showed a very high prevalence rate of abnormal MoCA scores (85%). Increased duration of metformin intake leads to a decline in MoCA performance.
Antimicrobial efficacy of Kerr pulp canal sealer (EWT) in combination with 10% amoxicillin on Enterococcus faecalis: A confocal laser scanning microscopic study
Authors: De Sarkar Madhureema , Mala Kundabala , Shenoy Mala Suchitra , Kabekkodu Shama Prasada , Natarajan Srikant , Shetty Neeta , Madhav Kamath Priyanka , Thomas Manuel 
Published: June 2023

Background: Sealers with antimicrobial properties play an important role in endodontic therapy success especially against Enterococcus faecalis infection found in failed root canal therapy. Addition of antibiotic agents to endodontic sealers may show significant increase in their antibacterial properties both against anaerobic and aerobic microbes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate antimicrobial efficacy of Kerr pulp canal sealer (EWT) in combination with 10% amoxicillin against E. faecalis and post-root canal treatment viability of Enterococcus faecalis on the first and seventh day. Methods: A total of 60 extracted human mandibular premolar teeth were decoronated after initial decontamination with 1% NaOCl. Root length standardized to 12 mm. Canal instrumentation was done using ProTaper Universal file system till size F2 using 5.25% NaOCl. It was then infected with a pure strain of E. faecalis for a period of four days. Obturation was done using plain sealer, (n=30) and sealer-antibiotic combination, (n=30). Half of the teeth were sectioned at 24 hours (S, SA) and other half were sectioned seven days after obturation (S7, SA7). All samples were stained with SYTO9 and propidium iodide for imaging under Confocal Laser Scanning microscope. Statistical analysis was performed with the statistical software SPSS v. 17.0 (SPSS for Windows; SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Data was analysed using One Way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test to determine statistical significance with p value < 0.01 considered significant. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in green to red ratio between group S (9.561976) and S7 (0.435418) (p < 0.01). There was no difference found between SA (mean of green to red ratio, (0.70431) and SA7 (mean of green to red ratio, 0.85184). Conclusions: Antibiotics added to the sealer effectively eradicated of E. faecalis 24 hours post-obturation. However, after seven days, plain sealer was as effective as sealer-antibiotic combination.
The disinfection effectiveness of ozone water and 4.8% chloroxylenol against the number of bacterial colonies in dental extraction instruments at the USU Dental and Oral Hospital in October-December 2022
Authors: Rusdy Hendry , Dalimunthe Rahmi Syaflida , Riza Ahyar , D Ismahani Akilah 
Published: June 2023

Background: The application of disinfectants on dental instruments is one way to prevent cross-infection. Cross infection can occur due to microorganisms found in blood, saliva and dental plaque which can contaminate the instruments used by dental health workers. Thus, indirect contact transmission of pathogenic microorganisms occurs from instruments that have been contaminated by dental health workers. Ozone water and 4.8% chloroxylenol are disinfecting agents used to disinfect medical instruments. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of disinfection of ozone water and 4.8% chloroxylenol in reducing the number of bacterial colonies on dental extraction instruments at the USU Dental and Oral Hospital between October-December 2022. Methods: The samples used were mandibular molar pliers that have been used in tooth extraction procedures. This study was experimental and used three sample groups, where each group consisted of 10 tooth extraction instruments. The treatment group used ozone water and 4.8% chloroxylenol and the negative control group was cleaned with distilled water. The test effectiveness in this study used bacteria colony counter using the scatter cup method. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The results of the data analysis showed a p-value ≤0.001, which means that there was a significant difference in the disinfection using ozone water and 4.8% chloroxylenol on the number of bacterial colonies on dental extraction instruments. The results of this study show that the average number of bacterial colonies formed in the ozone water treatment group was 4.00 ± 4.32, 16.00 ± 6.65 in the 4.8% chloroxylenol treatment group, and 217.50 ± 39.24 in the negative control group (Aquadest). Conclusions: From this study it can be said that ozone water is more effective in disinfecting dental extraction instruments than 4.8% chloroxylenol.
Identification and quantification of growth factors involved in growth and development of cartilage present in exosomes of lactating mother’s milk of cleft infant as compared to non-cleft infant – a protocol for an analytical observational study
Authors: Shinde Mrudula , Daigavane Pallavi , Niranjane Priyanka , Soni Nikita 
Published: June 2023

Background: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) have complex etiology and even after successful cleft surgeries in a CLP child, there are chances of relapse as there may be a lack of something at the cellular level. Several growth factors like TGF-β, IGF, and BMP7 are involved in modulating chondrocyte homeostasis and can also induce chondrogenic differentiation in the bone marrow. Objectives: To identify growth factors involved in the growth and development of cartilage present in exosomes of lactating maternal milk of cleft and non-cleft children. Methodology: There will be two groups: GROUP-A: The lactating mother of a CLP child. GROUP-B: The lactating mother of a non-cleft child. Mothers with a CLP child and a non-cleft child between the age of 0–6 months will be selected for the study. The need for the study will be explained to the mothers and consent will be taken. A milk sample of 2ml will be collected in a falcon tube and transported in cold storage facilities to the laboratory. Initially, the isolation of exosomes from milk samples will be done, from which total proteins will be isolated by centrifugation process. This will be followed by an analysis of growth factors from the isolated total proteins (from both exosomes) through immunoblotting. Once the analysis is done, the quality and quantity of growth factors responsible for cartilage growth and development will be compared. Expected results: Isolated maternal exosomes are expected to contain an ample amount of growth factors involved in cartilage growth and development, highlighting its potential for use as a therapy alongside prevalent procedures in CLP. Conclusion: In this study, we expect that maternal exosomes act as a carrier of factors that can have therapeutic significance to the natural compensation of the cartilage to maintain nasal symmetry by naso-alveolar molding.
Exploring the relationship between maternal education, parenting practice, and stunting among children under five: Findings from a cross-sectional study in Indonesia
Authors: Rahayuwati Laili , Komariah Maria , Hendrawati Sri , Sari Citra Windani Mambang , Yani Desy Indra , Setiawan Arlette Suzy , Ibrahim Kusman , Maulana Sidik , Hastuti Hediati 
Published: June 2023

Background: Mother’s education is a key demographic in determining a healthy child. Education is important and may indirectly affect how well children eat by changing parents' attitudes and practices. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the association between maternal education and parenting practice with stunting among children under five. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional study of mothers with children under five in Indonesia, specifically conducted in six rural areas in West Java province. This study employs bivariate analysis with Spearman and binary logistic regression. Results: Among 733 children under five, we found that 24.01% of these children were stunted. The mother's educational background, stunting knowledge, and parenting practice showed no significant change (p > 0.5). Moreover, the binary logistic linear analysis showed that education levels, knowledge about stunting, and mothers' behaviour toward parenting practices are not significantly related to stunting (p > .05). Conclusion: Maternal education and parenting practice is not a determinant of stunting in children under five in West Java, Indonesia, and this contradicts earlier studies. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore the complex interplay of social, cultural, and economic factors that contribute to stunting in this population. Such research could inform the development of targeted interventions to improve child health outcomes in this and similar settings.
Effect of acute altitude exposure on physiological parameters and glucose metabolism in healthy lowland Peruvians
Authors: Fernandez - Rodriguez Lissett Jeanette , Bardales-Zuta Victor Hugo , Vásquez-Tirado Gustavo Adolfo , Avalos Alvarado Carlos , Schaefer Eva J , Hilario-Vargas Julio 
Published: June 2023

Background: High altitude exposure triggers a series of physiological changes to maintain homeostasis. Although longer-term (days to years) acclimatization processes are well studied, less is known about the physiological changes upon rapid ascent. We took advantage of Peru’s geography to measure the first physiological changes following rapid transport from a low to a high-altitude environment among lowlanders. Methods: Blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and salivary cortisol among healthy lowland Peruvians were measured before and after glucose ingestion at 40 m and upon arrival at 3470 m. Resting heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, and blood pressure were also monitored. Results: At high altitude, we find a significant (p<0.05) increase in heart rate and a decrease in blood oxygen saturation and salivary cortisol. Additionally, baseline levels of blood glucose, plasma C-peptide, and cortisol were reduced (p<0.05). Blood glucose, plasma insulin, and plasma C-peptide returned to baseline or below faster at high altitude after glucose ingestion. Conclusions: Although many overlapping environmental and physiological factors are present in the high-altitude environment, the first steps of acclimatization in this population appear to be caused by increased energy expenditure and glucose metabolism to maintain oxygen homeostasis until the longer-term acclimatization mechanisms become more significant.
The influence of socioeconomic characteristics on active travel in US metropolitan areas and the contribution to health inequity
Authors: Younkin Samuel , Fremont Henry , Bratburd Jennifer , De Los Santos Daritza , Patz Jonathan 
Published: June 2023

Background: The prevalence of chronic disease in the US adult population varies across socioeconomic groups in the USA where approximately six in 10 adults have a chronic condition. Walking or cycling reduces the risk to many of these diseases and is influenced by the built environment, accessibility, and safety. Methods: We performed multivariate logistic and linear regression on the Health-Oriented Transportation model parameters using the 2009 and 2017 US National Household Transportation surveys, restricted to adults in major metropolitan areas. Model covariates included socioeconomic and environmental characteristics. Results: Using odds ratios (OR) adjusted for model covariates, we observe several significant variables in 2009 and 2017. Residents of households with no cars were more likely to walk or cycle than those with two cars; OR=5.4 (4.8, 6.0). Residents of households in a census block with population density greater than 2,5000 persons/square mile were more likely to walk or cycle than those with a population density of 2000–3999; OR=2.6 (2.3, 2.8). Individuals with a graduate or professional degree were more likely to walk or cycle than those with a high school degree; OR=2.1 (1.9, 2.2). Individuals that self-report as Black or African American, or Asian are less likely to walk or cycle than White; OR=0.60 (0.56, 0.66), OR=0.70 (0.65, 0.75). The proportional increase in all-cause mortality from estimated reductions in physical activity for African American, Asian, and Hispanic populations were 1.0%, 0.7%, 0.8%, respectively. Conclusions: Access to automobiles and the surrounding population density are primary factors in the decision to walk or cycle. After adjusting for these and other factors, members of low-income, low-education, Black or African American, and Asian populations in US metropolitan areas are less likely to walk or cycle than high-income, high-education, or White populations and the discrepancy in physical activity is likely to contribute to health inequity.
Financial incentives to improve uptake of partner services for sexually transmitted infections in Zimbabwe antenatal care: protocol for a cluster randomised trial
Authors: Martin Kevin , Dziva Chikwari Chido , Dauya Ethel , Mackworth-Young Constance RS. , Tucker Joseph D. , Simms Victoria , Bandason Tsitsi , Ndowa Francis , Machiha Anna , Bernays Sarah , Marks Michael , Kranzer Katharina , Ferrand Rashida A. 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, and syphilis, are associated with adverse birth outcomes. Treatment should be accompanied by partner services to prevent re-infection and break cycles of transmission. Partner services include the processes of partner notification (PN) as well as arranging for their attendance for testing and/or treatment. However, due to a complex mix of cultural, socio-economic, and health access factors, uptake of partner services is often very low, in many settings globally. Alternative strategies to facilitate partner services are therefore needed. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of a small financial incentive on improving uptake of partner services for STIs as part of antenatal care (ANC) services in Zimbabwe. Methods and analysis: This trial will be embedded within a prospective interventional study in Harare, aiming to evaluate integration of point-of-care diagnostics for STIs into ANC settings. One thousand pregnant women will be screened for chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, and syphilis. All individuals with STIs will be offered treatment, risk reduction counselling, and client PN. Each clinic day will be randomised 1:1 to be an incentive or non-incentive day. On incentive days, participants diagnosed with a curable STI will be offered a PN slip, that when returned will entitle their partners to $3 (USD) in compensation. On non-incentive days, regular PN slips with no incentive are provided. The primary outcome measure is the proportion of individuals with at least one partner who returns for partner services based on administrative records. Secondary outcomes will include the number of days between index case diagnosis and the partner attending for partner services, uptake of PN slips by pregnant women, adverse birth outcomes in index cases, partners who receive treatment, and intervention cost. Registration: Pan African Clinical Trials Registry: PACTR202302702036850 (Approval date 18th February 2022).