bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Codesigning informative resources for families of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children who sustained a burn injury: a protocol for a participatory action research study
Authors: Kairuz Camila , Hunter Kate , Bennett-Brook Keziah , Ryder Courtney , Holland Andrew J A , Mackean Tamara , Jacques Madeleine , Maze Deborah , Scarcella Michele , Briscoe Karl , Coombes Julieann 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionParents of children hospitalised in a burn unit experience psychological trauma and later post-traumatic stress. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families whose child has been admitted to a burn unit encounter additional burdens through a culturally unsafe healthcare system. Psychosocial interventions can help reduce anxiety, distress and trauma among children and parents. There remains a lack of interventions or resources that reflect Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people’s perspective of health. The objective of this study is to codevelop a culturally appropriate informative resource to assist Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander parents whose child has been hospitalised in a burn unit.MethodsIn this participatory research study, the development of a culturally safe resource will build on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families’ experiences and voices, complemented by the knowledge and expertise of an Aboriginal Health Worker (AHW) and burn care experts. Data will be collected through recorded yarning sessions with families whose child has been admitted to a burn unit, the AHW and burn care experts. Audiotapes will be transcribed and data will be analysed thematically. Analysis of yarning sessions and resource development will follow a cyclical approach.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council (AH&MRC) (1690/20) and the Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network ethics committee (2020/ETH02103). Findings will be reported to all participants and will be disseminated with the broader community, the funding body and health workers at the hospital. Dissemination with the academic community will be through peer-reviewed publications and presentations in relevant conferences.
Effectiveness of a targeted primary preventive intervention in a high-risk group identified using an efficiency score from data envelopment analysis: a randomised controlled trial of local residents in Japan
Authors: Nakamura Sho , Kanda Satoru , Endo Hiroko , Yamada Emiko , Kido Miki , Sato Shoko , Ogawa Iku , Inoue Rina , Togashi Masanori , Izumiya Ken , Narimatsu Hiroto 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTo determine whether a minimal intervention based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA)-identified efficiency score effectively prevents hypertension.DesignRandomised controlled trial.SettingTakahata town (Yamagata, Japan).ParticipantsResidents aged 40–74 years belonged to the information provision group for specific health guidance. Participants with a blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg, those taking antihypertensive medication, or those with a history of cardiac diseases were excluded. Participants were consecutively assigned based on their health check-up visit at a single centre from September 2019 to November 2020 and were followed up at the check-up in the following year, until 3 December 2021.InterventionA targeted approach using minimal intervention. Target was identified using DEA and 50% of participants with higher risk were targeted. The intervention was notifying the results of their risk of hypertension according to the efficiency score obtained by the DEA.Primary outcome measuresA reduction in the proportion of participants who developed hypertension (≥140/90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive medication).ResultsA total of 495 eligible participants were randomised, and follow-up data were available for 218 and 227 participants in the intervention and control groups, respectively. The risk difference for the primary outcome was 0.2% (95% CI −7.3 to 6.9) with 38/218 (17.4%) and 40/227 (17.6%) events in the intervention and control group, respectively (Pearson’s χ2test, p=0.880). The adjusted OR of the effect of the intervention was 0.95 (95% CI 0.56 to 1.61, p=0.843), and that of the efficiency score (10-rank increase) was 0.81 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.89, p<0.0001).ConclusionsMinimal intervention to a high-risk population stratified by DEA was not effective in reducing the onset of hypertension in 1 year. The efficiency score could predict the risk of hypertension.Trial registration numberUMIN000037883
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people in need of care or support: protocol for a SARS-CoV-2 registry
Authors: Gensichen Jochen , Zöllinger Isabel , Gagyor Ildiko , Hausen Anita , Hölscher Michael , Janke Christian , Kühlein Thomas , Nassehi Armin , Teupser Daniel , Arend Florian M , Eidenschink Christine , Hindenburg Dagmar , Kosub Helena , Kurotschka Peter Konstantin , Lindemann Daniela , Mayr Katharina , Müller Susan , Rink Laura , Rottenkolber Marietta , Sanftenberg Linda , Schwaiger Rita , Sebastião Maria , Wildgruber Domenika , Dreischulte Tobias 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionPeople in need of care or support are severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We lack valid data of long-term assessments. We present a register study to detect the physical and psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people in need of care or support in Bavaria, Germany. To describe the persons’ life conditions comprehensively, we assess the perspectives and needs of the respective care teams too. Results will serve as evidence-based source to manage the pandemic and long-term prevention strategies.Methods and analysisThe ‘Bavarian ambulatory COVID-19 Monitor’ is a multicentre registry including a purposive sample of up to 1000 patient–participants across three study sites in Bavaria. The study group consists of 600 people in need of care with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Control group 1 comprises 200 people in need of care with a negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR test, while control group 2 comprises 200 people with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test but are not in need of care. We assess the clinical course of infection, psychosocial aspects and care needs using validated measures. Follow-up is every 6 months for up to 3 years. Additionally, we assess up to 400 people linked to these patient–participants (caregivers, general practitioners (GPs)) for their health and needs. Main analyses are stratified by level of care I–V (I=minor/V=most severe impairment of independence), inpatient/outpatient care setting, sex and age. We use descriptive and inferential statistics to analyse cross-sectional data and changes over time. In qualitative interviews with 60 stakeholders (people in need of care, caregivers, GPs, politicians), we explore interface problems of different functional logics, of everyday and professional perspectives.Ethics and disseminationThe Institutional Review Board of the University Hospital LMU Munich (#20-860) and the study sites (Universities of Wurzburg and Erlangen) approved the protocol. We disseminate the results by peer-reviewed publications, international conferences, governmental reports, etc.
The corrosion effect of dynamic liquid metal galinstan on stainless steel S31600/SS316 in the presence of selected refrigerants at temperatures up to 150 °C
Authors: Wu Lijun , Geddis Philip , Liu Kun , Hiscocks Jessica , Courchesne William 
Published: May 2023

A corrosion study examined stainless steel (SS) S31600/SS316 after exposure to the liquid metal galinstan and gases, including nitrogen, n-pentane, isobutane, and R245fa, at 150 °C under dynamic conditions for 3.5, 9.5, and 20.5 days. Ampules partly filled with galinstan and the gas were continuously stirred to create regions of gas-only, gas–liquid, and liquid-only exposure. Posttest examinations used a variety of qualitative and quantitative methods (visual observation, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, surface profilometry, and chemical analysis) to evaluate coupons and galinstan samples for evidence of corrosion. In the gas-exposed region, no corrosion was detected in any coupon. In the liquid region, galinstan constituents were found to be localized to grain boundaries for nitrogen and isobutane coupons but dispersed on n-pentane coupons; a gallium oxide layer was found on R245fa coupons. In the liquid–gas interface region, severe corrosion was found on the n-pentane 20.5-day and the isobutane 9.5- and 20.5-day coupons; fine scattered corrosion on the R245fa 9.5-day coupon but not on the 20.5-day coupon was observed. Profilometry results indicated the least roughness change for coupons in n-pentane, a higher change in nitrogen, then in isobutane, and the highest in R245fa. In the presence of refrigerants and under dynamic conditions, intergranular attack on SS may be enhanced by chemical reactions combined with microsegregation of galinstan or gallium oxide elements on SS grain boundaries. Further work is required to confidently identify and explain this corrosion mechanism.
Hierarchical Auto-scaling Policies for Data Stream Processing on Heterogeneous Resources
Authors: Russo Russo Gabriele , Cardellini Valeria , Lo Presti Francesco 
Published: May 2023

Data Stream Processing (DSP) applications analyze data flows in near real-time by means of operators, which process and transform incoming data. Operators handle high data rates running parallel replicas across multiple processors and hosts. To guarantee consistent performance without wasting resources in the face of variable workloads, auto-scaling techniques have been studied to adapt operator parallelism at run-time. However, most of the effort has been spent under the assumption of homogeneous computing infrastructures, neglecting the complexity of modern environments.We consider the problem of deciding both how many operator replicas should be executed and which types of computing nodes should be acquired. We devise heterogeneity-aware policies by means of a two-layered hierarchy of controllers. While application-level components steer the adaptation process for whole applications, aiming to guarantee user-specified requirements, lower-layer components control auto-scaling of single operators. We tackle the fundamental challenge of performance and workload uncertainty, exploiting Bayesian optimization (BO) and reinforcement learning (RL) to devise policies. The evaluation shows that our approach is able to meet users’ requirements in terms of response time and adaptation overhead, while minimizing the cost due to resource usage, outperforming state-of-the-art baselines. We also demonstrate how partial model information is exploited to reduce training time for learning-based controllers.
Distinct Assemblies of Heterodimeric Cytokine Receptors Govern Stemness Programs in Leukemia
Authors: Kan Winnie L. , Dhagat Urmi , Kaufmann Kerstin B. , Hercus Timothy R. , Nero Tracy L. , Zeng Andy G.X. , Toubia John , Barry Emma F. , Broughton Sophie E. , Gomez Guillermo A. , Benard Brooks A. , Dottore Mara , Cheung Tung Shing Karen S. , Boutzen Héléna , Samaraweera Saumya E. , Simpson Kaylene J. , Jin Liqing , Goodall Gregory J. , Begley C. Glenn , Thomas Daniel , Ekert Paul G. , Tvorogov Denis , D'Andrea Richard J. , Dick John E. , Parker Michael W. , Lopez Angel F. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Leukemia stem cells (LSC) possess distinct self-renewal and arrested differentiation properties that are responsible for disease emergence, therapy failure, and recurrence in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Despite AML displaying extensive biological and clinical heterogeneity, LSC with high interleukin-3 receptor (IL3R) levels are a constant yet puzzling feature, as this receptor lacks tyrosine kinase activity. Here, we show that the heterodimeric IL3Rα/βc receptor assembles into hexamers and dodecamers through a unique interface in the 3D structure, where high IL3Rα/βc ratios bias hexamer formation. Importantly, receptor stoichiometry is clinically relevant as it varies across the individual cells in the AML hierarchy, in which high IL3Rα/βc ratios in LSCs drive hexamer-mediated stemness programs and poor patient survival, while low ratios mediate differentiation. Our study establishes a new paradigm in which alternative cytokine receptor stoichiometries differentially regulate cell fate, a signaling mechanism that may be generalizable to other transformed cellular hierarchies and of potential therapeutic significance.

Significance:
Stemness is a hallmark of many cancers and is largely responsible for disease emergence, progression, and relapse. Our finding that clinically significant stemness programs in AML are directly regulated by different stoichiometries of cytokine receptors represents a hitherto unexplained mechanism underlying cell-fate decisions in cancer stem cell hierarchies.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1749
Epicardial Adipose Tissue Assessed by Computed Tomography and Echocardiography Are Associated With Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chong Bryan , Jayabaskaran Jayanth , Ruban Jitesh , Goh Rachel , Chin Yip Han , Kong Gwyneth , Ng Cheng Han , Lin Chaoxing , Loong Shaun , Muthiah Mark D. , Khoo Chin Meng , Shariff Ezman , Chan Mark Y. , Lajeunesse-Trempe Fannie , Tchernof Andre , Chevli Parag , Mehta Anurag , Mamas Mamas A. , Dimitriadis Georgios K. , Chew Nicholas W.S. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has garnered attention as a prognostic and risk stratification factor for cardiovascular disease. This study, via meta-analyses, evaluates the associations between EAT and cardiovascular outcomes stratified across imaging modalities, ethnic groups, and study protocols.

Methods:
Medline and Embase databases were searched without date restriction on May 2022 for articles that examined EAT and cardiovascular outcomes. The inclusion criteria were (1) studies measuring EAT of adult patients at baseline and (2) reporting follow-up data on study outcomes of interest. The primary study outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events. Secondary study outcomes included cardiac death, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, and atrial fibrillation.

Results:

Twenty-nine articles published between 2012 and 2022, comprising 19 709 patients, were included in our analysis. Increased EAT thickness and volume were associated with higher risks of cardiac death (odds ratio, 2.53 [95% CI, 1.17–5.44];
P
=0.020; n=4), myocardial infarction (odds ratio, 2.63 [95% CI, 1.39–4.96];
P
=0.003; n=5), coronary revascularization (odds ratio, 2.99 [95% CI, 1.64–5.44];
P
<0.001; n=5), and atrial fibrillation (adjusted odds ratio, 4.04 [95% CI, 3.06–5.32];
P
<0.001; n=3). For 1 unit increment in the continuous measure of EAT, computed tomography volumetric quantification (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.42–2.13];
P
<0.001) and echocardiographic thickness quantification (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.09–1.32];
P
<0.001) conferred an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events.

Conclusions:
The utility of EAT as an imaging biomarker for predicting and prognosticating cardiovascular disease is promising, with increased EAT thickness and volume being identified as independent predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero
; Unique identifier: CRD42022338075.
Clinical Presentation and Medium-Term Outcomes of Children With Anomalous Aortic Origin of the Left Coronary Artery: High-Risk Features Beyond Interarterial Course
Authors: Doan Tam T. , Wilkes J. Kevin , Reaves O’Neal Dana L. , Bonilla-Ramirez Carlos , Sachdeva Shagun , Masand Prakash , Mery Carlos M. , Binsalamah Ziyad , Heinle Jeffrey S. , Molossi Silvana 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Anomalous aortic origin of the left coronary artery (AAOLCA) confers a rare, but significant, risk of sudden cardiac death in children. Surgery is recommended for interarterial AAOLCA, and other subtypes considered benign. We aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 3 AAOLCA subtypes.

Methods:
All patients with AAOLCA <21 years old were prospectively enrolled (December 2012–November 2020), including group 1: AAOLCA from the right aortic sinus with interarterial course, group 2: AAOLCA from the right aortic sinus with intraseptal course, and group 3: AAOLCA with a juxtacommissural origin between the left and noncoronary aortic sinus. Anatomic details were assessed using computed tomography angiography. Provocative stress testing (exercise stress testing and stress perfusion imaging) was performed in patients >8 years old or younger if concerning symptoms. Surgery was recommended for group 1 and in select cases in group 2 and group 3.

Results:
We enrolled 56 patients (64% males) with AAOLCA (group 1, 27; group 2, 20; group 3, 9) at median age of 12 years (interquartile range, 6–15). Intramural course was common in group 1 (93%) compared with group 3 (56%) and group 2 (10%). Seven (13%) presented with aborted sudden cardiac death (group 1, 6/27; group 3, 1/9); 1 (group 3) with cardiogenic shock. Fourteen/42 (33%) had inducible ischemia on provocative testing (group 1, 32%; group 2, 38%; group 3, 29%). Surgery was recommended in 31/56 (56%) patients (group 1, 93%; group 2, 10%; and group 3, 44%). Surgery was performed in 25 patients at a median age 12 (interquartile range, 7–15) years; all have been asymptomatic and free from exercise restrictions at median follow-up of 4 (interquartile range, 1.4–6.3) years.

Conclusions:
Inducible ischemia was noted in all 3 AAOLCA subtypes while most aborted sudden cardiac deaths occurred in interarterial AAOLCA (group 1). Aborted sudden cardiac death and cardiogenic shock may occur in AAOLCA with left/nonjuxtacommissural origin and intramural course, thus also deemed high-risk. A systematic approach is essential to adequately risk stratify this population.
Impact of the New England Seamount Chain on Gulf Stream Pathway and Variability
Authors: Chassignet Eric P. , Xu Xiaobiao , Bozec Alexandra , Uchida Takaya 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The potential role of the New England seamount chain (NESC) on the Gulf Stream pathway and variability has been long recognized, and the series of numerical experiments presented in this paper further emphasize the importance of properly resolving the NESC when modeling the Gulf Stream. The NESC has a strong impact on the Gulf Stream pathway and variability, as demonstrated by comparison experiments with and without the NESC. With the NESC removed from the model bathymetry, the Gulf Stream remains a stable coherent jet much farther east than in the experiment with the NESC. The NESC is the leading factor destabilizing the Gulf Stream and, when it is not properly resolved by the model’s grid, its impact on the Gulf Stream’s pathway and variability is surprisingly large. A high-resolution bathymetry, which better resolves the New England seamounts (i.e., narrower and rising higher in the water column), leads to a tighter Gulf Stream mean path that better agrees with the observed path and a sea surface height variability distribution that is in excellent agreement with the observations.
An Investigation on Joint Data Assimilation of a Radar Network and Ground-Based Profiling Platforms for Forecasting Convective Storms
Authors: Huo Zhaoyang , Liu Yubao , Shi Yueqin , Chen Baojun , Fan Hang , Li Yang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A summer convective precipitation case, occurring in eastern China on 16–17 July 2020, is selected to investigate the impact of joint assimilation of ground-based profiling platforms and weather radars on forecasting convective storms using observational system simulation experiments (OSSEs). The simulated profiling platforms include the Doppler wind lidar (DWL), a wind profiler (WP), and a microwave radiometer (MWR). Results show that joint assimilation of WP and radar data produces a better analysis of convective dynamical structure than joint assimilation of DWL and radar data, since WP detects deeper layer winds. Joint assimilation of MWR and radar data enables rapid adjustment of temperature and humidity and thus, avoids the potential errors introduced by the latent heat term of the radar diabatic initialization in the early stage. Profiling observations in a horizontal spacing of 80 km provide fewer benefits for convective forecasting, while reducing the spacing to 40 km can dramatically improve model analysis and forecasts. Joint assimilation of multiple profiling observations in a 20-km horizontal spacing with radar data exhibits a beneficial synergistic effect and mitigates “the ramp-down issue” during the forecast stage. Assimilating profiling observations with an update interval less than 30 min does not have as pronounced an effect on convective forecasts as horizontal spacing. Furthermore, assimilating profiling observations at a 20-km horizontal spacing can obtain accurate mesoscale background environment and forecast storms with an ability comparable to radar data assimilation. This work emphasizes the need to consider implementing a joint mesoscale detection system that incorporates weather radars and profiling observations for leveraging convective storm forecasting.
Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation through endoplasmic reticulum stress in septic liver injury
Authors: Cao Lijun , Wen Min , Hu Zhiqiang , Jia Weihe , Lin Jiayan , Hu Bo , Wu Gang , Tong Shengchuang , Chen Qinglin , Liu Xingming , Weng Xuhao 
Published: May 2023

Objective Septic liver injury is a major burden for the clinical management of sepsis. Hepatocyte cell death plays a crucial pathophysiological role in sepsis. A recent study proposed that NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis participates in septic liver injury. Therefore, investigating the mechanism controlling this process may help manage sepsis. Methods We investigated the role of homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) in regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo using mouse models and in vitro in primary hepatocytes. Results HIPK2 could improve liver injury and survival in a mouse model of sepsis. Overexpression of HIPK2 could suppress NLRP3 and caspase-1-p20 expression, while HIPK2 knockdown led to higher levels of these two molecules. Importantly, HIPK2 could suppress endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Pharmacologically inhibiting ER stress could abolish activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in hepatocytes with HIPK2 knockdown. Conclusion HIPK2 can regulate ER stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the liver during sepsis, and HIPK2-mediated suppression of ER stress participates in regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The present study highlights the role of HIPK2 in regulating the inflammasome in septic liver injury, which may serve as a target for managing sepsis.