bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colour vision is aligned with natural scene statistics at 4 months of age
Authors: Skelton Alice E. , Franklin Anna , Bosten Jenny M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVisual perception in adult humans is thought to be tuned to represent the statistical regularities of natural scenes. For example, in adults, visual sensitivity to different hues shows an asymmetry which coincides with the statistical regularities of colour in the natural world. Infants are sensitive to statistical regularities in social and linguistic stimuli, but whether or not infants’ visual systems are tuned to natural scene statistics is currently unclear. We measured colour discrimination in infants to investigate whether or not the visual system can represent chromatic scene statistics in very early life. Our results reveal the earliest association between vision and natural scene statistics that has yet been found: even as young as 4 months of age, colour vision is aligned with the distributions of colours in natural scenes.Research Highlights
We find infants’ colour sensitivity is aligned with the distribution of colours in the natural world, as it is in adults.
At just 4 months, infants’ visual systems are tailored to extract and represent the statistical regularities of the natural world.
This points to a drive for the human brain to represent statistical regularities even at a young age.
The neonate brain's sensitivity to repetition‐based structure: Specific to speech?
Authors: Nallet Caroline , Berent Iris , Werker Janet F. , Gervain Judit 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNewborns are able to extract and learn repetition‐based regularities from the speech input, that is, they show greater brain activation in the bilateral temporal and left inferior frontal regions to trisyllabic pseudowords of the form AAB (e.g., “babamu”) than to random ABC sequences (e.g., “bamuge”). Whether this ability is specific to speech or also applies to other auditory stimuli remains unexplored. To investigate this, we tested whether newborns are sensitive to regularities in musical tones. Neonates listened to AAB and ABC tones sequences, while their brain activity was recorded using functional Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS). The paradigm, the frequency of occurrence and the distribution of the tones were identical to those of the syllables used in previous studies with speech. We observed a greater inverted (negative) hemodynamic response to AAB than to ABC sequences in the bilateral temporal and fronto‐parietal areas. This inverted response was caused by a decrease in response amplitude, attributed to habituation, over the course of the experiment in the left fronto‐temporal region for the ABC condition and in the right fronto‐temporal region for both conditions. These findings show that newborns’ ability to discriminate AAB from ABC sequences is not specific to speech. However, the neural response to musical tones and spoken language is markedly different. Tones gave rise to habituation, whereas speech was shown to trigger increasing responses over the time course of the study. Relatedly, the repetition regularity gave rise to an inverted hemodynamic response when carried by tones, while it was canonical for speech. Thus, newborns’ ability to detect repetition is not speech‐specific, but it engages distinct brain mechanisms for speech and music.Research Highlights
The ability of newborns’ to detect repetition‐based regularities is not specific to speech, but also extends to other auditory modalities.
The brain mechanisms underlying speech and music processing are markedly different.
School participation among young people with craniofacial microsomia and other childhood‐onset disabilities
Authors: Kaelin Vera C. , Anaby Dana , Werler Martha M. , Khetani Mary A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo examine how school environment, physical functioning problems, and behavioral problems explain levels of school participation (i.e. attendance and involvement) among young people with craniofacial microsomia (CFM) and other childhood‐onset disabilities, and whether participation‐focused caregiver strategies play a role in these relationships.MethodWe conducted secondary analyses of a subset of data (n = 260 families: 120 with CFM and 140 with other childhood‐onset disabilities) from the second follow‐up phase of a longitudinal cohort study. We applied structural equation modeling with data collected from the Participation and Environment Measure – Children and Youth version, the Child Behavior Checklist, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory physical functioning scale.ResultsModel fit was acceptable to close (comparative fit index = 0.973; root mean square error of approximation = 0.055; standardized root mean squared residual = 0.043; Tucker–Lewis index = 0.958). School environmental support had a positive effect on young people's participation attendance and involvement, and physical functioning problems had a negative effect on participation involvement. The number of disclosed caregiver strategies had a significant positive effect on the relationship between school environmental support and school participation attendance.InterpretationFindings confirm the effect of school environmental support and physical functioning problems on school participation and highlight the role of participation‐focused caregiver strategies to intensify the positive effect of school environmental support on school participation attendance.What this paper adds

Environmental support had a positive effect on participation attendance and involvement.
Physical functioning problems had a negative effect on school participation involvement.
Disclosed caregiver strategies intensified the impact of environmental support on participation attendance.
Assessment of fetal cardiac functions in pregnant women with asthma
Authors: Laleli Koc Bergen , Oluklu Deniz , Hendem Derya Uyan , Beser Dilek Menekse , Besimoglu Berchan , Tanacan Atakan , Ocal Fatma Doga , Sahin Dilek 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThis study aims to investigate the effects of maternal asthma on fetal cardiac functions.MethodsThe study was planned with 30 pregnant women who presented to a tertiary health center and were diagnosed with asthma and 60 healthy controls with similar gestational ages. The fetal echocardiographic assessment was assessed between 33 and 35 weeks of gestation with pulsed‐wave Doppler (PW), M‐mode, and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). Fetal cardiac functions were compared between maternal asthma and the control group. Cardiac functions were assessed according to the duration of maternal asthma diagnosis, as well.ResultsEarly diastolic function parameters, tricuspid E wave (p = .001), and tricuspid E/A ratio (p = .005) were significantly lower in the group with maternal asthma. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and measurements of mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) values were statistically lower in the study group than in the control group; p = .010 and p = .012, respectively. Parameters assessed with TDI (E′, A′, S′, E/E′, and MPI′ of tricuspid valves) and global cardiac function parameters assessed with PW like myocardial performance index (MPI) and left cardiac output (LCO) were similar between groups (p > .05). Although, MPI did not change between groups, and the isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) value was prolonged in maternal asthma cases (p = .025).ConclusionWe found that maternal asthma disease causes alteration in fetal diastolic and early systolic cardiac functions, but the global fetal cardiac function does not change. Diastolic heart function values also varied with the duration of maternal asthma. Prospective studies are needed to compare fetal cardiac functions with additional patient groups according to disease severity and type of medical treatment.
Efficacy of spesolimab for the treatment of generalized pustular psoriasis flares across pre‐specified patient subgroups in the Effisayil 1 study
Authors: Burden A. D. , Okubo Y. , Zheng M. , Thaçi D. , van de Kerkhof P. , Hu N. , Quaresma M. , Thoma C. , Choon S. E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEffisayil 1 was a multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of the anti‐interleukin (IL)‐36 receptor monoclonal antibody, spesolimab, in patients presenting with a generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) flare. Previously published data from this study revealed that within 1 week, rapid pustular and skin clearance were observed in patients receiving spesolimab versus placebo. In this pre‐specified subgroup analysis, the efficacy of spesolimab was evaluated according to patient demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline in patients receiving spesolimab (n = 35) or placebo (n = 18) on Day 1. Efficacy was by assessed by achievement of primary endpoint (Generalized Pustular Psoriasis Physician Global Assessment [GPPGA] pustulation subscore of 0 at Week 1) and key secondary endpoint (GPPGA total score of 0 or 1 at Week 1). Safety was assessed at Week 1. Spesolimab was found to be efficacious and had a consistent and favourable safety profile in patients presenting with a GPP flare, regardless of patient demographics and clinical characteristics at baseline.
Demographic and clinical feature disparity between progress and non‐progress patients with vitiligo after COVID‐19 vaccination: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hou Xiaoyuan , Wu Nanhui , Xu Mingyuan , Kharel Pramisha , Wu Fei , Wu Yichen , Wang Ruiping , Chen Jia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere have been several case reports regarding newly developed vitiligo following the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) vaccination. However, the relationship between COVID‐19 vaccine and vitiligo progression remains unclear. To explore the relationship between COVID‐19 vaccine and vitiligo progression and its potential influencing factors, A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 90 patients with vitiligo who received inactivated COVID‐19 vaccination. Detailed information covering demographic characteristics (age and sex), vitiligo clinical features (disease subtypes, duration, stage and comorbidities) and disease activity was collected through an electronic questionnaire. Ninety patients with vitiligo included 44.4% males, with an average age of 38.1 years (standard deviation, SD = 15.0). Patients were divided into progress group (29, 32.2%) and normal group (61, 67.8%) based on whether they experienced vitiligo progression after inactivated COVID‐19 vaccination. 41.3% of patients in the progress group experienced vitiligo progression within 1 week after vaccination, and disease progression mainly occurred after the first dose inoculation (20, 69.0%). Logistic regression revealed that patients aged <45 years (odds ratio (OR) was 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.34–2.22) and male patients (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.34–2.05) had lower risk for vitiligo progression, while patients with segmental vitiligo (SV) subtype (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 0.53–5.33), with <5 years disease duration (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 0.51–3.47) had higher risk for vitiligo progression after COVID‐19 vaccination, but without statistical significance. Over 30% patients experienced vitiligo progression after inactivated COVID‐19 vaccination, and female patients, elder age, shorter disease duration and SV subtype are potential risk factors for vitiligo progression.
A shot in the arm: The effect of COVID‐19 vaccine news on financial and commodity markets
Authors: Kucher Oleg , Kurov Alexander , Wolfe Marketa Halova 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe analyze the impact of COVID‐19 vaccine announcements by leading vaccine companies on the financial and commodity markets from January to December 2020. We show that the vaccine announcements had varied and economically significant impacts on asset prices. The announcements moved interest rates, stock markets in the U.S. and numerous other countries as well as commodities used in transportation and some agricultural commodities. We show that the stock and commodity markets that experienced larger declines at the beginning of the pandemic receive a larger boost from good vaccine news. We also find that the vaccine news affects stock returns through changes in the expectations of the corporate cash flows and the expected equity risk premium.
Characteristics of patients who visited emergency departments for headache in South Korea: A descriptive cross‐sectional study
Authors: Park Song Yi , Kim Jiyoung 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the characteristics of adult patients who visit emergency departments (EDs) for non‐traumatic headache in South Korea.BackgroundLittle is known about East Asian patients who visit EDs for headache.MethodsThis observational, descriptive, cross‐sectional study retrospectively analyzed 2019 National Emergency Department Information System data, including age, sex, co‐occurring fever, symptom duration, insurance type, transportation mode, ED level, triage level, ED visit time, specialist consultations at the ED, disposition from the ED, and outcomes. The proportion of patients with a life‐threatening secondary headache and the diagnostic codes were investigated.ResultsA total of 227,288 patients were observed in this study, accounting for 2.2% (227,288/10,238,360) of all ED visits. Females (63.1%; 143,493/227,288) visited EDs more than males, and patients aged 50–60 years (21.0%; 47,637/227,288) visited most frequently. A total of 61.5% (93,789/151,494) of ED visits were within 24 h after headache onset, and 57.6% (131,056/227,288) of visits were assigned to non‐urgent triage levels. The most frequent discharge codes were “R51: Headache (not better specified)” from the ED and ward, and “I60: Subarachnoid hemorrhage” from the intensive care unit. The rate of migraine diagnosis was 7.2% (16,471/227,288). A total of 3.1% (7153/227,288) of patients were diagnosed with life‐threatening secondary headaches, most commonly subarachnoid hemorrhage (1.2%; 2744/227,288) and cerebral infarction (0.6%; 1341/227,288).ConclusionsIn South Korea, the characteristics of patients who visited the ED for non‐traumatic headache were not very different from those in existing studies; however, patients tended to visit EDs early and be classified as non‐urgent, and emergency physicians tended to enter the diagnosis code “R51: Headache (not better specified)”, resulting in a much lower rate of migraine diagnoses. Non‐urgent early visitors coded with “R51” may include those who have not yet been diagnosed with primary headache and have not been treated, but who need further research.Trial RegistrationNot applicable.
Effects of rimegepant 75 mg daily on the pharmacokinetics of a combined oral contraceptive containing ethinyl estradiol and norgestimate in healthy female participants
Authors: Bhardwaj Rajinder , Stringfellow Joseph C. , Morris Beth , Croop Robert S. , Bertz Richard J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of single and multiple doses of rimegepant 75 mg dose on the pharmacokinetics of an oral contraceptive containing ethinyl estradiol (EE)/norgestimate (NGM) in healthy females of childbearing potential or non‐menopausal females with tubal ligation.BackgroundFemales of childbearing age experience the highest prevalence of migraine and frequently inquire about the concomitant use of anti‐migraine medications and contraceptives. Rimegepant, a calcitonin gene–related peptide receptor antagonist, demonstrated efficacy and safety for treating an acute migraine attack and preventing migraine.MethodsThis open‐label, single‐center, phase 1, drug–drug interaction study explored the effects of rimegepant 75 mg daily dose on the pharmacokinetics of an oral contraceptive containing EE/NGM 0.035 mg/0.25 mg in healthy females of childbearing potential or non‐menopausal females with tubal ligation. During cycles 1 and 2, participants received EE/NGM once daily for 21 days followed by placebo tablets with inactive ingredients for 7 days. Rimegepant was administered during only cycle 2 for 8 days, from days 12 through 19. The primary endpoint was the effect of single and multiple doses of rimegepant on the pharmacokinetics of EE and norelgestromin (NGMN), an active metabolite of NGM, at steady state, including area under the concentration‐time curve for 1 dosing interval (AUC0−τ,ss) and maximum observed concentration (Css[max]).ResultsThe study enrolled 25 participants, with pharmacokinetic data assessed for 20 participants. A single 75 mg dose of rimegepant co‐administered with EE/NGM increased exposures of EE and NGMN by ≤16% (geometric mean ratio [GMR], 1.03; 90% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.06; and GMR, 1.16; 90% CI, 1.13–1.20, respectively). After 8 days of co‐administering EE/NGM with rimegepant, EE pharmacokinetic parameters, AUC0−τ,ssandCss(max), increased by 20% (GMR, 1.20; 90% CI, 1.16–1.25) and 34% (GMR, 1.34; 90% CI, 1.23–1.46), respectively, and NGMN pharmacokinetic parameters increased by 46% (GMR, 1.46; 90% CI, 1.39–1.52) and 40% (GMR, 1.40; 90% CI, 1.30–1.51), respectively.ConclusionsThe study identified modest elevations in overall EE and NGMN exposures after multiple doses of rimegepant, but these elevations are unlikely to be clinically relevant in healthy females with migraine.
Advances and challenges in studying the tissue‐resident T cell compartment in the human female reproductive tract
Authors: Lund Jennifer M. , Hladik Florian , Prlic Martin 
Published: May 2023

SummaryTissue‐resident memory T cells (TRM) are considered to be central to maintaining mucosal barrier immunity and tissue homeostasis. Most of this knowledge stems from murine studies, which provide access to all organs. These studies also allow for a thorough assessment of the TRM compartment for each tissue and across tissues with well‐defined experimental and environmental variables. Assessing the functional characteristics of the human TRM compartment is substantially more difficult; thus, notably, there is a paucity of studies profiling the TRM compartment in the human female reproductive tract (FRT). The FRT is a mucosal barrier tissue that is naturally exposed to a wide range of commensal and pathogenic microbes, including several sexually transmitted infections of global health significance. We provide an overview of studies describing T cells within the lower FRT tissues and highlight the challenges of studying TRM cells in the FRT: different sampling methods of the FRT greatly affect immune cell recovery, especially of TRM cells. Furthermore, menstrual cycle, menopause, and pregnancy affect FRT immunity, but little is known about changes in the TRM compartment. Finally, we discuss the potential functional plasticity of the TRM compartment during inflammatory episodes in the human FRT to maintain protection and tissue homeostasis, which are required to ensure reproductive fitness.
Staff experiences of a novel in‐reach rehabilitation and recovery service for people with profound and enduring mental health needs
Authors: Smith Penn , Thompson Alison , Madill Anna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis organizational case study addresses the research question: What are the experiences of staff who work in a novel in‐reach rehabilitation and recovery service for people with profound and enduring mental health needs? Fifteen purposefully sampled staff were recruited from across a novel mental health service that embeds the community sector within inpatient provision. The sample comprises twelve National Health Service and three community voluntary organization staff (four men and eleven women). Data were generated via photo‐elicitation in which interviews focused on the photographs participants brought to help convey their experiences of the Service. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse the transcripts. The analysis demonstrates that participants are oriented towards five ‘meta‐questions’: What is recovery? Who is valued and how is it demonstrated? Why are you frustrated in doing the best job you can and what support do you need? How can change occur in staff practices and approaches in an environment embedded in history? and How do we make the Service work in the context of constraints? Eight paired themes were also identified regarding staff experience of the Service: hope and individuality; culture and power; communication and confidence; accountability and limitations. The conclusions of this organizational case study have wide relevance to clinical practice: staff (i) place importance on promoting and developing greater awareness of different approaches to care; (ii) aspire to develop better communication across multidisciplinary teams and (iii) desire greater awareness of the complexities of risk to improve staff confidence.
The relationships among symptom experience, family support, health literacy, and fear of progression in advanced lung cancer patients
Authors: Yang Limin , Liu Jiali , Liu Qi , Wang Yalan , Yu Juan , Qin Huiying 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsFear of progression of cancer patients can affect their psychological well‐being, while research on fear of progression of advanced lung cancer patients is limited. This study aimed to describe fear of progression among advanced lung cancer patients and explore the relationships among symptom experience, family support, health literacy, and fear of progression.DesignThis study was a cross‐sectional study.MethodsConvenience sampling was used to select advanced lung cancer patients from September 2021 to January 2022. The Chinese version of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire‐Short Form, Lung Cancer Module of the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory, Family Support Questionnaire, and Health Literacy Scale for Patients with Chronic Disease were used to collect data. The structural equation modelling was used to analyse the relationships among symptom experience, family support, health literacy, and fear of progression.ResultsOf 220 patients, 31.8% had dysfunctional fear of progression. Better symptom experience, higher family support, and higher health literacy were correlated directly with lower fear of progression. Higher health literacy was associated indirectly with lower fear of progression through the mediation of better symptom experience.ConclusionFear of progression among advanced lung cancer patients needs attention. Strengthening symptom management, building a strong system of family support, and improving patients' health literacy may be effective strategies to reduce fear of progression.ImpactThe research aimed to increase our understanding of the relationships among symptom experience, family support, health literacy, and fear of progression. Fear of progression screening should be integrated into the healthcare trajectory of advanced lung cancer patients. The results emphasize that improving symptom management, family support, and health literacy is important to alleviate fear of progression. Further interventions are warranted to relieve fear of progression for advanced lung cancer patients.Patient or public contributionNo public or patient involvement.