bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case of cutaneous malignant glomus tumor
Authors: Senff Sebastian , Orschulok Thomas P. , Lambie Duncan L. , Lehane Fiona 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGlomus tumors are well‐known but relatively rare vascular neoplasms, with their malignant counterparts still being rarer. There are very few reports of cutaneous malignant glomus tumors, and the current limited evidence suggests that they follow a more indolent course than deep‐seated malignant glomus tumors. Herein, we are reporting a case of cutaneous malignant glomus tumor. A 94‐year‐old male presented with a right‐sided ulcerated scalp lesion, which, on biopsy, showed a diffusely infiltrative epithelioid malignancy with considerable pleomorphism and a notable perivascular growth pattern. The tumor cells were positive for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and h‐caldesmon, and negative for cytokeratin MNF116, CK5, p40, S100, SOX10, HMB45, Melan‐A, ERG, CD31, CD45, CD3, CD20, ALK, desmin, CD68, CD34, and HHV8. A diagnosis of cutaneous malignant glomus tumor was made, and the patient underwent a wider excision. Cutaneous malignant glomus tumors are extremely rare and should be considered when examining unusual cutaneous mesenchymal tumors.
Impact of body size on critical thermal maxima in female solitary desert bees
Authors: Barrett M. , Tigreros N. , Davidowitz G. , O'Donnell S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Solitary, size‐variable bees are adapted to a wide range of thermal environments (e.g., through critical thermal maxima, or CTmax) and are important, understudied subjects for research on species' vulnerability to climate change.
Centris pallida are solitary, ground‐nesting desert bees with females varying two‐fold in body mass. We hypothesized that body size would affect CTmax in female C. pallida, predicting that an increase in body size would result in increased thermal tolerance.
We tested the effects of female body mass on CTmax using a ramping CTmax assay while controlling for age. We used flow‐through respirometry to confirm that the behavioural indicator of CTmax correlated with the metabolic indicator of lethality.
Body mass correlated positively with CTmax; every 100 mg increase in body mass resulted in a 1.5°C increase in CTmax.
Female age (as assessed by an index score based on wing, thorax hair and mandibular wear) did not affect CTmax.
Flow‐through respirometry confirmed that loss of muscle control correlated with the metabolic ‘mortal fall’, or a decline in CO2 production.
As insect body sizes typically decline with higher temperatures, our data suggest rising temperatures could magnify thermal stresses on desert bee populations.
A loss‐of‐function NCSTN mutation associated with familial Dowling Degos disease and hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: de Oliveira Ana Sofia Lima Estevao , de Siqueira Roberta Cardoso , Nait‐Meddour Cécile , Tricarico Paola Maura , Moura Ronald , Agrelli Almerinda , d'Adamo Adamo Pio , Jamain Stéphane , Crovella Sergio , de Fátima Medeiros Brito Maria , Boniotto Michele , Brandão Lucas André Cavalcanti 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDowling Degos disease (DDD) is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by acquired, slowly progressive reticulated pigmented lesions primarily involving flexural skin areas. Mutations in KRT5, POGLUT‐1 and POFUT‐1 genes have been associated with DDD, and loss‐of‐function mutations in PSENEN, a subunit of the gamma‐secretase complex, were found in patients presenting with DDD or DDD comorbid with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). A nonsense mutation in NCSTN, another subunit of the gamma‐secretase, was already described in a patient suffering from HS and DDD but whether NCSTN could be considered a novel gene for DDD is still debated. Here, we enrolled a four‐generation family with HS and DDD. Through Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) we identified a novel nonsense mutation in the NCSTN gene in all the affected family members. To study the impact of this variant, we isolated outer root sheath cells from patients' hair follicles. We showed that this variant leads to a premature stop codon, activates a nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay, and causes NCSTN haploinsufficiency in affected individuals. In fact, cells treated with gentamicin, a readthrough agent, had the NCSTN levels corrected. Moreover, we observed that this haploinsufficiency also affects other subunits of the gamma‐secretase complex, possibly causing DDD. Our findings clearly support NCSTN as a novel DDD gene and suggest carefully investigating this co‐occurrence in HS patients carrying a mutation in the NCSTN gene.
Adenosine monophosphate‐regulated protein kinase inhibition modulates electrophysiological characteristics and calcium homeostasis of rabbit right ventricular outflow tract
Authors: Lu Yen‐Yu , Cheng Chen‐Chuan , Chen Yao‐Chang , Lin Yung‐Kuo , Higa Satoshi , Kao Yu‐Hsun , Chen Yi‐Jen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic stress predisposes to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is the common origin of ventricular arrhythmias. Adenosine monophosphate‐regulated protein kinase (AMPK) activation is an important compensatory mechanism for cardiac remodeling during metabolic stress.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to access whether AMPK inhibition would modulate RVOT electrophysiology, calcium (Ca2+) regulation, and RVOT arrhythmogenesis or not.MethodsConventional microelectrodes were used to record electrical activity before and after compound C (10 µM, an AMPK inhibitor) in isoproterenol (1 µM)‐treated rabbit RVOT tissue preparations under electrical pacing. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp and confocal microscopic examinations were performed in baseline and compound C‐treated rabbit RVOT cardiomyocytes to investigate ionic currents and intracellular Ca2+ transients in isolated rabbit RVOT cardiomyocytes.ResultsCompound C decreased RVOT contractility, and reversed isoproterenol increased RVOT contractility. Compound C decreased the incidence, rate, and duration of isoproterenol‐induced RVOT burst firing under rapid pacing. Compared to baseline, compound C‐treated RVOT cardiomyocytes had a longer action potential duration, smaller intracellular Ca2+ transients, late sodium (Na+), peak L‐type Ca2+ current density, Na+‐Ca2+ exchanger, transient outward potassium (K+) current, and rapid and slow delayed rectifier K+ currents.ConclusionAMPK inhibition modulates RVOT electrophysiological characteristics and Ca2+ homeostasis, contributing to lower RVOT arrhythmogenic activity. Accordingly, AMPK inhibition might potentially reduce ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
Climate genomics—Geoscientists, ecologists, and geneticists must reinforce their collaborations to confront climate change
Authors: Caccavo Jilda Alicia , Frémont Paul , Jaillon Olivier , Gehlen Marion 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGeoscientists and ecologists alike must confront the impact of climate change on ecosystems and the services they provide. In the marine realm, major changes are projected in net primary and export production, with significant repercussions on food security, carbon storage, and climate system feedbacks. However, these projections do not include the potential for rapid linear evolution to facilitate adaptation to environmental change. Climate genomics confronts this challenge by assessing the vulnerability of ecosystem services to climate change. Because DNA is the primary biological repository of detectable environmentally selected mutations (showing evidence of change before impacts arise in morphological or metabolic patterns), genomics provides a window into selection in response to climate change, while also recording neutral processes deriving from stochastic mechanisms (Lowe et al., Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2017; 32:141–152). Due to the revolution afforded by sequencing technology developments, genomics can now meet ecologists and climate scientists in a cross‐disciplinary space fertile for collaborations. Collaboration between geoscientists, ecologists, and geneticists must be reinforced in order to combine modeling and genomics approaches at every scale to improve our understanding and the management of ecosystems under climate change. To this end, we present advances in climate genomics from plankton to larger vertebrates, stressing the interactions between modeling and genomics, and identifying future work needed to develop and expand the field of climate genomics.
How well do participatory governance arrangements serve political leadership?
Authors: Winsvold Marte , Vabo Signy Irene 
Published: September 2023

AbstractParticipatory governance arrangements are assumed to strengthen elected representatives' capacity for political leadership. This study argues that the relationship between participatory arrangements and perceived political leadership depends on the design of the participatory arrangements. Drawing on a survey to local councilors in Norway, we found that sharing power with citizens through interactive governance arrangements was associated with lower perceived capacity for political leadership than giving power away through distributive arrangements. Case studies exploring how politicians experienced interactive and distributive participatory arrangements showed that politicians were especially ambivalent about interactive arrangements that were perceived to disrupt their traditional ways of doing political leadership. Notably, interactive arrangements were believed to decrease leadership capacity because politicians remained responsible for matters over which they no longer had full control, challenging their ability to stay accountable to the voters.
Knowledge and acceptance of malaria vaccine among parents of under‐five children of malaria endemic areas in Bangladesh: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Amin Mohammad Ashraful , Afrin Sadia , Bonna Atia S. , Rozars Md Faisal K. , Nabi Mohammad Hayatun , Hawlader Mohammad Delwer H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundMalaria exists as an endemic in many countries including Bangladesh and the malaria vaccine is not yet available here. The study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and acceptance of the malaria vaccination among the parents of children under the age of five in Bangladesh's malaria‐endemic areas and the sociodemographic, behavioural, and household factors associated with the acceptance and knowledge of the malaria vaccine.MethodsFrom January to March 2022, a cross‐sectional study was conducted in all five malaria‐endemic districts of Bangladesh, involving 405 parents of children under the age of 5 who met the inclusion criteria. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the factor affecting parents' acceptance and knowledge of malaria vaccination in children under five and other variables.ResultsMajority (54%) of the respondents were mothers. Almost half (49%) of the respondents were aged between 26 and 35 years old and around 90% were from rural areas. A small portion (20%) of the participants were housewives and 46% of them completed primary education. Overall, 70% of the study participants reported that they would accept malaria vaccination independently. About one‐fourth (25%) heard about the malaria vaccine and 48% of them mentioned health professionals as the source of information. Knowledge of malaria vaccination was found associated with residence, income, and family size. Acceptance and knowledge were both associated with residence, education, occupation, income, and family size. In a multivariable analysis, housing structure, house wall, house window, knowledge of malaria, testing for malaria, and being diagnosed with malaria were all associated with knowledge of and acceptance of getting vaccinated against malaria.ConclusionsThe present study highlights the necessity of creating awareness of malaria vaccines in epidemic areas of Bangladesh. This study offers crucial data to develop a policy for a novel malaria vaccine, supporting its adoption in Bangladesh.Public ContributionThis study was based on interviews. The interviewees were recruited as public representatives from the malaria‐endemic area to assist us in building an understanding of knowledge and acceptance of the malaria vaccine among parents of under‐five children in Bangladesh.
Metallothionein: a game changer in histopathological diagnosis of Wilson disease
Authors: Wiethoff Hendrik , Mohr Isabelle , Fichtner Alexander , Merle Uta , Schirmacher Peter , Weiss Karl H , Longerich Thomas 
Published: September 2023

AimsWilson disease (WD) is a genetic disorder of copper metabolism caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene. Toxic copper accumulation leads to hepatic, neurologic, and psychiatric disorders with variable presentation. Metallothionein (MT) immunohistochemistry was proposed as a diagnostic marker.MethodsMT immunohistochemistry was performed on liver specimens of WD patients (n = 64) and control cases (n = 160) including acute liver failure, steatotic liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, normal liver, primary biliary cholangitis, primary and secondary sclerosing cholangitis, and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. The optimal cutoff for detection of WD was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsAt least moderate staining in >50% of hepatocytes was observed in 81% of analysed liver specimens (n = 56/69) of WD patients, while only five control cases showed this staining pattern. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for a new diagnosis of WD were 85.7%, 96.9%, and 94.9%, respectively. Sensitivity in nonfibrotic patients was 70.6% and this MT pattern was robust in small biopsies. The hepatic copper concentration was similar between MT‐positive and MT‐negative liver samples (P > 0.05). Zinc treatment may induce hepatocellular MT expression. Kayser–Fleischer rings (50% versus 15%) and neurologic disorders (50% versus 13%) were significantly more prevalent in MT‐negative compared to MT‐positive WD patients, respectively.ConclusionMT immunostaining is an excellent biomarker for histological diagnosis of WD, should be incorporated in the diagnostic work‐up of patients with potential WD, and is useful in a modified Leipzig score.
Effect of two shampoo formulations on the prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiota composition of the human scalp
Authors: Jacksch Susanne , Weis Severin , März Melanie , Gruedl Sabine , Simmering Rainer , Welss Thomas , Egert Markus 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe human scalp is characterized by a moderately diverse microbial community, comprising prokaryotic (bacteria) and eukaryotic (fungi) members. Although the details are far from being fully understood, the human scalp microbiota is implicated in several scalp disorders, in particular dandruff formation. Hence, the protection of an intact and diverse scalp microbiota can be regarded as a quality criterion for hair and scalp care formulations. In this study, we investigated the influence of two commercially available, non‐antimicrobial shampoo formulations on the structure of the scalp microbiota.MethodsScalp microbiota samples, obtained by swab sampling from two cohorts of probands (n = 25, each), were analysed before and after daily use of two different shampoo formulations for 2 weeks, respectively. A polyphasic approach was used, comprising quantitative cultivation of bacteria and fungi on selective media as well as sequencing of PCR‐amplified 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes, respectively.ResultsAll analyses revealed a microbiota composition typical for the human scalp. While in particular fungal germ numbers increased significantly during the treatments, overall bacterial and fungal community composition was not affected, based on alpha‐ and beta‐diversity measures. However, we observed an increase in structural bacterial diversity with the age of the probands.ConclusionsOver an application period of 2 weeks, the investigated shampoo induced quantitative but no qualitative changes in the scalp microbial community structure of the investigated probands, suggesting no adverse but rather preserving or even stimulating effects of the underlying formulations on the scalp microbiota. Further investigation will have to clarify if this is also true for longer application periods and if the formulations might affect community functionality, for example microbial gene expression, rather than community composition.
Association of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and C3 glomerulopathy
Authors: Ekladious Adel , Bhandari Ritesh , Javaid Muhammad M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMonoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is usually an asymptomatic pre‐malignant condition caused by the proliferation of clonal plasma cells. Often considered a benign condition, it has the potential to progress to malignant plasma cell or lymphoproliferative disorders. Moreover, MGUS can rarely cause glomerular disease by activating the alternative complement pathway resulting in immunoglobulin‐negative C3‐positive glomerulonephritis called C3 glomerulopathy. Because of its rarity, the diagnosis might not be considered by the treating physicians, leading to delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Untreated C3 glomerulopathy can lead to irreversible glomerular damage and end‐stage renal failure, and a high index of suspicion is essential for timely diagnosis and management. Here, we present the case of a patient with a prior diagnosis of MGUS who presented with proteinuria and microscopic haematuria and was diagnosed with C3 glomerulopathy. The patient had complete resolution of the disease after receiving treatment with a combination of dexamethasone, lenalidomide and bortezomib for the underlying MGUS.
Dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane allograft with spongy layer to significantly improve the outcome of chronic non‐healing wounds
Authors: Psathas Emmanouil , Egger Bernhard , Mayer Dieter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe investigated the healing effect of a new dehydrated amnion/chorion membrane with a spongy layer over a 30‐month period in 32 patients with 53 chronic non‐healing wounds of different aetiologies. Wounds with <40% surface reduction after 4 weeks of best wound treatment underwent weekly allograft application by a certified wound specialist based on national guidelines and a standardised protocol until complete healing or definite treatment interruption. The main outcome measure was the percentage of wound surface reduction from baseline calculated using digital planimetry follow‐up photographs. Overall, 38 (71.7%) wounds presented a favourable outcome (70%–100% area reduction), with 35 (66%) completely healing over a median time of 77 days (range 29–350 days). Favourable outcomes were observed in 75% of traumatic wounds, surgical wounds, venous leg ulcers and pressure injuries, as well as in 50% of ischaemic wounds. Wounds being present <12 months were significantly more likely to have a favourable outcome than more long‐standing wounds (χ2 = 7.799; p = 0.005; OR = 3.378; 95% CI, 1.410–8.092). Thus, treatment with dehydrated amnion/chorion membrane with a spongy layer improves the outcome of non‐healing wounds of different aetiologies and, therefore, has to be considered early in the management of refractory wounds.
Investigation of morbidity, length of stay, and healthcare costs of inpatient paediatric burns
Authors: Sari Hıdır , Akkoc Mehmet Fatih , Kilinç Zehra , Dayanir Çok Fatma Nur , Özel Mehmet , Özel Volkan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBurn injuries are the third most common cause of death in children due to trauma. Hospitalizations related to burn injuries are common. Prolonged hospitalization associated with burn treatment can result in increased resource utilization, leading to higher costs. Thus, it is essential to investigate these areas to reduce costs. The study investigated the morbidity and length of hospital stay of paediatric burn patients, as well as calculated the social security costs of hospitalization and treatment. The retrospective observational descriptive study examined the medical records of 774 paediatric patients treated in a burn intensive care unit at a tertiary medical faculty hospital between 01 March 2019 and 31 March 2022. The invoice records of payments made by the Social Security Institution to the hospital in return for health services provided to patients were examined. The healthcare costs were calculated. A total of 57.6% of the participants were boys and 79.2% were between the ages of 1–4. About 90% of the cases involved burns with a total body surface area (TBSA) of less than 20% and a 2nd‐degree burn depth. Scalding was the most common cause of burns (88.2%). Among all patients, the mortality rate was 2.1% (n = 16). The mean length of hospital stay was 10.29 ± 9.59 days. The mean cost per day was 212.02 ± 190.94 US dollars ($US), and the cost per 1% TBSA was 241.70 ± 301.32 $US. According to the causes of burn injury, the mean cost of electricity was 5000.77 ± 8101.85 $US, fire 4818.02 ± 5852.22 $US, and chemical 3285.49 ± 4503.2 $US were observed in the first 3 ranks respectively. According to this study, paediatric burn cases occur due to preventable causes, and even though the mortality rate was low, the severity of burns, TBSA%, and presence of complications caused prolonged lengths of hospital stays, which caused social security costs to rise.
Strength retention of single‐phase high‐entropy diboride ceramics up to 2000°C
Authors: Feng Lun , Fahrenholtz William G. , Hilmas Gregory E. , Zhou Yue , Bai Jincheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe mechanical properties of single‐phase (Hf0.2,Nb0.2,Ta0.2,Ti0.2,Zr0.2)B2 ceramics with high purity were investigated. The resulting ceramics had relative density greater than 99%, and an average grain size of 4.3 ± 1.6 μm. At room temperature (RT), the Vickers hardness was 25.2 ± 0.6 GPa at a load of 0.49 N, Young's modulus was 551 ± 7 GPa, fracture toughness was 4.5 ± 0.4 MPa m1/2, and flexural strength was 507 ± 10 MPa. Flexural strength increased by more than 50% from 507 ± 10 MPa at RT to 776 ± 26 MPa at 1400°C. Strength remained above 750 MPa up to 2000°C, but decreased to 672 ± 18 MPa at 2100°C and the bars deformed during testing. No significant changes in residual porosity, average grain size, or oxide impurity levels were observed after testing at elevated temperatures. The increase in strength at elevated temperatures was attributed to healing of microcracks due to thermal expansion at high temperatures, and dislocation formation. The retention of strength up to 2000°C is presumably due to the lack of oxide impurities in the HEBs. This is the first reported study on the flexural strength up to 2100°C of dense and pure HEB ceramics.
Economic policy uncertainty and corporate divestitures
Authors: Frye Melissa B. , Pham Duong T. , Whyte Ann Marie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe examine the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on the propensity of firms to engage in divestitures. We find that EPU is positively related to the likelihood of divestitures in general and cashflow‐generating divestitures in particular. Consistent with the desire for cash being a driving force behind divestitures, we find that underperforming firms are more likely to engage in cashflow‐increasing divestitures. Firms that do not pay dividends and are relatively more reliant on government funding are also more likely to pursue sell‐offs and carve‐outs when economic uncertainty is elevated. We find no evidence that firms prefer staged divestitures (spin‐offs and carve‐outs) over non‐staged (sell‐offs) when EPU is high. Instead, EPU is positively related to the likelihood of non‐staged divestitures suggesting that firms do not wait until uncertainty is resolved to pursue deals with a high degree of irreversibility. Our findings point to EPU as a motivator for poor‐performing firms to shore up cash during times of EPU.