bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extragalactic science with the experiment for cryogenic large-aperture intensity mapping
Authors: Pullen Anthony R , Breysse Patrick C , Oxholm Trevor , Switzer Eric R , Anderson Christopher J , Barrentine Emily , Bolatto Alberto D , Cataldo Giuseppe , Essinger-Hileman Thomas , Maniyar Abhishek S , Stevenson Thomas , Somerville Rachel S , Volpert Carrie , Wollack Edward J , Yang Shengqi , Yung L Y Aaron , Zhou Zilu 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
The EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping (EXCLAIM) is a balloon-borne cryogenic telescope that will survey the spectrum of diffuse emission from both the Milky Way and the cosmic web to probe star formation, the interstellar medium, and galaxy evolution across cosmic time. EXCLAIM’s primary extragalactic science survey maps 305 deg2 along the celestial equator with an R = 512 spectrometer over the frequency range ν = 420 − 540 GHz, targeting emission of the [C ii] line over redshifts 2.5 &lt; z &lt; 3.5 and several CO lines for z &lt; 1. Cross-correlation with galaxy redshift catalogues isolates line emission from the large-scale structure at target redshifts. In this paper, we forecast the sensitivity for both the two-point and conditional one-point cross-correlation. We predict that EXCLAIM will detect both the [C ii]-QSO cross-power spectrum and the conditional voxel intensity distribution (CVID) at various redshifts under a broad range of [C ii] intensity models, allowing it to differentiate among these models in the literature. These forecasts for the power spectra include the effects of line interlopers and continuum foreground contamination. We then convert the joint [C ii] constraints from both the cross-power spectrum and the CVID into constraints on the [C ii] halo luminosity–mass relation $L_\mathrm{[C\, \small {II}]}(M)$ model parameters and the star formation rate density (SFRD) from [C ii] emission. We also develop sensitivity estimates for CO, showing the ability to differentiate between models.
Joint HST, VLT/MUSE, and XMM−Newton observations to constrain the mass distribution of the two strong lensing galaxy clusters: MACS J0242.5-2132 and MACS J0949.8+1708
Authors: Allingham Joseph F V , Jauzac Mathilde , Lagattuta David J , Mahler Guillaume , Bœhm Céline , Lewis Geraint F , Eckert Dominique , Edge Alastair , Ettori Stefano 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the strong lensing analysis of two galaxy clusters: MACS J0242.5-2132 (MACS J0242, z = 0.313) and MACS J0949.8+1708 (MACS J0949, z = 0.383). Their total matter distributions are constrained, thanks to the powerful combination of observations with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer instrument. Using these observations, we precisely measure the redshift of six multiple image systems in MACS J0242 and two in MACS J0949. We also include four multiple image systems in the latter cluster identified in HST imaging without MUSE redshift measurements. For each cluster, our best-fit mass model consists of a single cluster-scale halo and 57 (170) galaxy-scale halos for MACS J0242 (MACS J0949). Multiple images positions are predicted with a rms 0.39 arcsec and 0.15 arcsec for MACS J0242 and MACS J0949 models, respectively. From these mass models, we derive aperture masses of M(R &lt;200 kpc$) = 1.67_{-0.05}^{+0.03}\times 10^{14}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ and M(R &lt;200 kpc$) = 2.00_{-0.20}^{+0.05}\times 10^{14}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$. Combining our analysis with X-ray observations from the XMM−Newton Observatory, we show that MACS J0242 appears to be a relatively relaxed cluster, whereas conversely, MACS J0949 shows a relaxing post-merger state. At 200 kpc, X-ray observations suggest the hot gas fraction to be, respectively, $f_g = 0.115^{+0.003}_{-0.004}$ and $0.053^{+0.007}_{-0.006}$ for MACS J0242 and MACS J0949. MACS J0242 being relaxed, its density profile is very well fitted by a Navarro−Frenk−White distribution, in agreement with X-ray observations. Finally, the strong lensing analysis of MACS J0949 suggests a flat dark matter density distribution in the core, between 10 and 100 kpc. This appears consistent with X-ray observations.
Refining the OJ 287 2022 impact flare arrival epoch
Authors: Valtonen Mauri J , Zola Staszek , Gopakumar A , Lähteenmäki Anne , Tornikoski Merja , Dey Lankeswar , Gupta Alok C , Pursimo Tapio , Knudstrup Emil , Gomez Jose L , Hudec Rene , Jelínek Martin , Štrobl Jan , Berdyugin Andrei V , Ciprini Stefano , Reichart Daniel E , Kouprianov Vladimir V , Matsumoto Katsura , Drozdz Marek , Mugrauer Markus , Sadun Alberto , Zejmo Michal , Sillanpää Aimo , Lehto Harry J , Nilsson Kari , Imazawa Ryo , Uemura Makoto 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
The bright blazar OJ 287 routinely parades high brightness bremsstrahlung flares, which are explained as being a result of a secondary supermassive black hole (SMBH) impacting the accretion disc of a more massive primary SMBH in a binary system. The accretion disc is not rigid but rather bends in a calculable way due to the tidal influence of the secondary. Next, we refer to this phenomenon as a variable disc level. We begin by showing that these flares occur at times predicted by a simple analytical formula, based on general relativity inspired modified Kepler equation, which explains impact flares since 1888. The 2022 impact flare, namely flare number 26, is rather peculiar as it breaks the typical pattern of two impact flares per 12-yr cycle. This is the third bremsstrahlung flare of the current cycle that follows the already observed 2015 and 2019 impact flares from OJ 287. It turns out that the arrival epoch of flare number 26 is sensitive to the level of primary SMBH’s accretion disc relative to its mean level in our model. We incorporate these tidally induced changes in the level of the accretion disc to infer that the thermal flare should have occurred during 2022 July–August, when it was not possible to observe it from the Earth. Thereafter, we explore possible observational evidence for certain pre-flare activity by employing spectral and polarimetric data from our campaigns in 2004/05 and 2021/22. We point out theoretical and observational implications of two observed mini-flares during 2022 January–February.
Anisotropic correlation functions as tracers of central galaxy alignments in simulations
Authors: Rodriguez Facundo , Merchán Manuel , Artale M Celeste , Andrews Moira 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Motivated by observational results, we use IllustrisTNG hydrodynamical numerical simulations to study the alignment of the central galaxies in groups with the surrounding structures. This approach allows us to analyse galaxy and group properties not available in observations. To perform this analysis, we use a modified version of the two-point cross-correlation function and a measure of the angle between the semimajor axes of the central galaxies and the larger structures. Overall, our results reproduce observational ones, as we find large-scale anisotropy, which is dominated by the red central galaxies. In addition, the latter is noticeably more aligned with their group than the blue ones. In contrast to the observations, we find a strong dependence of the anisotropy on the central galaxy with mass, probably associated with the inability of observational methods to determine them. This result allows us to link the alignment to the process of halo assembly and the well-known dependence of halo anisotropy on mass. When we include the dark matter distribution in our analysis, we conclude that the galaxy alignment found in simulations (and observations) can be explained by a combination of physical processes at different scales: the central galaxy aligns with the dark matter halo it inhabits, and this, in turn, aligns with the surrounding structures at large scales.
Stability of interlinked neutron vortex and proton flux-tube arrays in a neutron star – III. Proton feedback
Authors: Thong K H , Melatos A , Drummond L V 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
The coupled, time-dependent Gross–Pitaevskii and Ginzburg–Landau equations are solved simultaneously in three dimensions to investigate the equilibrium state and far-from-equilibrium, spin-down dynamics of an interpenetrating neutron superfluid and proton type-II superconductor, as an idealized description of the outer core of a neutron star. The simulations generalize previous calculations without the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equation, where proton feedback is absent. If the angle θ between the rotation and magnetic axes does not equal zero, the equilibrium state consists of geometrically complicated neutron vortex and proton flux-tube tangles, as the topological defects pin to one another locally but align with different axes globally. During spin-down, new types of motion are observed. For θ = 0, entire vortices pair rectilinearly with flux tubes and move together while pinned. For θ ≠ 0, vortex segments pair with segments from one or more flux tubes, and the paired segments move together while pinned. The degree to which proton feedback impedes the deceleration of the crust is evaluated as a function of θ and the pinning strength, η. Key geometric properties of vortex-flux-tube tangles, such as filament length, mean curvature, and polarity are analysed. It is found that proton feedback smooths the deceleration of the crust, reduces the rotational glitch sizes, and stabilizes the vortex tangle dynamics. The dimensionless control parameters in the simulations are mutually ordered to match what is expected in a real neutron star, but their central values and dynamic ranges differ from reality by many orders of magnitude due to computational limitations.
Treatments and challenges in advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Gourdin Theodore , Velayati Arash 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
This review is designed to highlight recent research examining treatment progress in advanced prostate cancer while identifying ongoing challenges to clinical outcomes.

Recent findings
Recent randomized trials suggest an overall survival advantage to treating some men with newly identified metastatic prostate cancer with a “triplet” of androgen deprivation therapy, docetaxel, and an androgen receptor axis-targeted agent. Questions remain about which men are best served by these combinations. Additional treatment success is being identified with prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA)-radiopharmaceuticals, combinations involving targeted therapies, and novel manipulations of the androgen receptor axis. Challenges remain in selecting between available therapies, harnessing immune therapies, and treating tumors with emergent neuroendocrine differentiation.

Summary
An expanding number of therapeutics are becoming available for men with advanced prostate cancer improving outcomes but at the same time making treatment selection more demanding. Ongoing research will be required to continue to hone treatment paradigms.
Evolving systemic management of urothelial cancers
Authors: Tan Wei Shen , Tan Mae-Yen , Alhalabi Omar , Campbell Matthew T. , Kamat Ashish M. , Gao Jianjun 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
Bladder cancer is the 12th most common cancer worldwide. Historically, the systemic management of urothelial carcinoma has been confined to platinum-based chemotherapy. In this review, we discuss the evolving landscape of systemic treatment for urothelial carcinoma.

Recent findings
Since 2016, when the Food and Drug Administration approved the first immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI), programmed cell death 1 and programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitors have been evaluated in the nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer, localized muscle invasive bladder cancer as well as advanced/metastatic bladder cancer settings. Newer approved treatments such as fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors and antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) represent second-line and third-line options. These novel treatments are now being assessed in combination as well as with older traditional platinum-based chemotherapy.

Summary
Novel therapies continue to improve bladder cancer outcomes. Personalized approach with well validated biomarkers are important to predict response to therapy.
Exploiting mechanisms for hierarchical branching structure of lung airway
Authors: Takigawa-Imamura Hisako , Fumoto Katsumi , Takesue Hiroaki , Miura Takashi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe lung airways exhibit distinct features with long, wide proximal branches and short, thin distal branches, crucial for optimal respiratory function. In this study, we investigated the mechanism behind this hierarchical structure through experiments and modeling, focusing on the regulation of branch length and width during the pseudoglandular stage. To evaluate the response of mouse lung epithelium to fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10), we monitored the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). ERK activity exhibited an increase dependent on the curvature of the epithelial tissue, which gradually decreased with the progression of development. We then constructed a computational model that incorporates curvature-dependent growth to predict its impact on branch formation. It was demonstrated that branch length is determined by the curvature dependence of growth. Next, in exploring branch width regulation, we considered the effect of apical contraction, a mechanism we had previously proposed to be regulated by Wnt signaling. Analysis of a mathematical model representing apical constriction showed that branch width is determined by cell shape. Finally, we constructed an integrated computational model that includes curvature-dependent growth and cell shape controls, confirming their coordination in regulating branch formation. This study proposed that changes in the autonomous property of the epithelium may be responsible for the progressive branch morphology.
In vitro screening of non-antibiotic alternative growth promoter combinations in broilers
Authors: Li Zunyan , Zhang Beibei , Zhu Weimin , Lin Yingting , Jiang Linlin , Zhu Fenghua , Guo Yixuan 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTAvailable research on non-antibiotic alternative growth promoter (NAGPs) mainly focuses on the effect of a single preparation on the substitution effect of antibiotics. However, different NAGP might work together in harmony. Studies related to NAGP combinations are lacking. This study aimed to screen six non-antibiotic alternative growth promoter combinations (NAGPCs) in vitro so as to find a better alternative method to ensure feed efficiency and the broiler health. Pepsin and 42-d broiler ileal fluid were used for the in vitro digestion test, and the optimal addition levels of NAGPs and NAGPCs were selected based on dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility, microbiota of digestive fluid, and antioxidant capacity of digestive fluid. Results showed the optimum addition amount of Mannose oligosaccharide (MOS), fruit oligosaccharide (FOS), mannanase (MAN),Bacillus subtilis(BS), sodium butyrate (SB), guanidinoacetic acid (CA), xylanase (XYL), glucose oxidase (GO), and phytase (PT) were 0.2%, 0.9%, 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.08%, 0.002%, 0.008%, and 0.004%. The six best combinations were 0.2%MOS + 0.03%MAN + 0.15%SB, 0.2%MOS + 0.03%MAN + 0.05%BS, 0.2%MOS + 0.9%FOS + 0.15%SB, 0.2%MOS + 0.9%FOS + 0.05%BS, 0.2%MOS + 0.9%FOS + 0.03%MAN, and 0.2%MOS + 0.05%BS + 0.004%PT. In conclusion, NAGPCs improved the apparent digestibility of ileal DM and OM, intestinal flora and antioxidant capacity. Comparatively, under this condition, using NAGPC has more beneficial effects than using non-antibiotic alternative growth promoter.
The Potential of Low Press and Hypoxia Environment in Assisting Pan-cancer Treatment
Authors: Hu Xiaoxi , Chen Xinrui , Sun Mengzhen , Wang Xilu , Hu Zixin , Zhang Shixuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveA low incidence and mortality rate of cancer has been observed in high-altitude regions, suggesting a potential positive effect of low press and hypoxia (LPH) environment on cancer. Based on this finding, our study aimed to construct a pan-cancer prognosis risk model using a series of ADME genes intervened by low oxygen, to explore the impact of LPH environment on the overall survival (OS) of various kinds of cancers, and to provide new ideas and approaches for cancer prevention and treatment.Datasets and MeasuresThe study used multiple sources of data to construct the pan-cancer prognosis risk model, including gene expression and survival data of 8,628 samples from the cancer genome atlas, and three gene expression omnibus databases were employed to validate the prediction efficiency of the prognostic model. The AltitudeOmics dataset was specifically used to validate the significant changes in model gene expression in LPH. To further identify the biomarkers and refine the model, various analytical approaches were employed such as single-gene prognostic analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and stepwise cox regression. And LINCS L1000, AutoDockTools, and STITCH were utilized to explore effective interacting drugs for model genes.Main Outcomes and ConclusionsThe study identified eight ADME genes with significant changes in the LPH environment to describe the prognostic features of pan-cancer. Lower risk scores calculated by the model were associated with better prognosis in 25 types of tumors, with a p-value of less than 0.05. The LPH environment was found to reduce the overall expression value of model genes, which could decrease the death risk of tumor prognosis. Additionally, it is found that the low-risk group had a higher degree of T cell infiltration based on immune infiltration analysis. Finally, drug exploration led to the identification of three potential model-regulating drugs. Overall, the study provided a new approach to construct a pan-cancer survival prognosis model based on ADME genes from the perspective of LPH and offered new ideas for future tumor prognosis research.
Used paper tissues for pathogen identification in acute respiratory infection
Authors: Rector Annabel , Bloemen Mandy , Van Ranst Marc , Wollants Elke 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe investigated the potential of used paper tissues as a non-invasive sampling method for the diagnosis of acute respiratory infections. The method allowed the identification and typing of respiratory pathogens in symptomatic individuals, as well as in collective samples taken at a community level. The collection of used paper tissues could therefore be useful in epidemiological surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens such as influenzavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, entero/rhinoviruses andStreptococcus pneumoniae.
The potential contribution of vaccination uptake to occupational differences in risk of SARS-CoV-2: Analysis of the ONS COVID-19 Infection Survey
Authors: Wilkinson Jack , Demou Evangelia , Cherrie Mark , Edge Rhiannon , Gittins Matthew , Katikireddi S Vittal , Kromydas Theocharis , Mueller William , Pearce Neil , van Tongeren Martie , Rhodes Sarah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo assess variation in vaccination uptake across occupational groups as a potential explanation for variation in risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.DesignWe analysed data from the UK Office of National Statistics COVID-19 Infection Survey linked to vaccination data from the National Immunisation Management System in England from December 1st2020 to 11thMay 2022. We analysed vaccination uptake and SARS-CoV-2 infection risk by occupational group and assessed whether adjustment for vaccination reduced the variation in risk between occupational groups.SettingResultsEstimated rates of triple-vaccination were high across all occupational groups (80% or above), but were lowest for food processing (80%), personal care (82%), hospitality (83%), manual occupations (84%), and retail (85%). High rates were observed for individuals working in health (95% for office-based, 92% for those in patient-facing roles) and education (91%) and office-based workers not included in other categories (90%). The impact of adjusting for vaccination when estimating relative risks of infection was generally modest (ratio of hazard ratios reduced from 1.38 to 1.32), but was consistent with the hypothesis that low vaccination rates contribute to elevated risk in some groups. Conversely, estimated relative risk for some occupational groups, such as people working in education, remained high despite high vaccine coverage.ConclusionsVariation in vaccination coverage might account for a modest proportion of occupational differences in infection risk. Vaccination rates were uniformly very high in this cohort, which may suggest that the participants are not representative of the general population. Accordingly, these results should be considered tentative pending the accumulation of additional evidence.
A beta-Poisson model for infectious disease transmission
Authors: Hilton Joe , Hall Ian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOutbreaks of emerging and zoonotic infections represent a substantial threat to human health and well-being. These outbreaks tend to be characterised by highly stochastic transmission dynamics with intense variation in transmission potential between cases. The negative binomial distribution is commonly used as a model for transmission in the early stages of an epidemic as it has a natural interpretation as the convolution of a Poisson contact process and a gamma-distributed infectivity. In this study we expand upon the negative binomial model by introducing a beta-Poisson mixture model in which infectious individuals make contacts at the points of a Poisson process and then transmit infection along these contacts with a beta-distributed probability. We show that the negative binomial distribution is a limit case of this model, as is the zero-inflated Poisson distribution obtained by combining a Poisson-distributed contact process with an additional failure probability. We assess the beta-Poisson models applicability by fitting it to secondary case distributions (the distribution of the number of subsequent cases generated by a single case) estimated from outbreaks covering a range of pathogens and geographical settings. We find that while the beta-Poisson mixture can achieve a closer to fit to data than the negative binomial distribution, it is consistently outperformed by the negative binomial in terms of Akaike Information Criterion, making it a suboptimal choice on parsimonious grounds. The beta-Poisson performs similarly to the negative binomial model in its ability to capture features of the secondary case distribution such as overdispersion, prevalence of superspreaders, and the probability of a case generating zero subsequent cases. Despite this possible shortcoming, the beta-Poisson distribution may still be of interest in the context of intervention modelling since its structure allows for the simulation of measures which change contact structures while leaving individual-level infectivity unchanged, and vice-versa.