bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process variability effects on tensile response in injection molded, fluorinated thermoplastics
Authors: Wilcox Douglas R. , Shepherd Rebekah , Brown Geoffrey W. , McCollum Jena M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe mechanical properties of fluorinated thermoplastics (i.e., tensile strength and elongation) can vary with changes in injection molding processing parameters. Four fluoropolymers are examined: poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and random poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PVDF‐CTFE) with three CTFE concentrations. Dog bones were manufactured with various cylinder dwell times and mold cooling times to assess the manufacturing sensitivity to the tensile response. Dwell and cooling times increasingly impact mechanical performance as CTFE concentration increases. Specimens exhibit higher tensile strength as a function of injection order. The first injected specimen exhibits the lowest tensile strength and highest elongation in all copolymers. This trend becomes more pronounced among fluoropolymers with higher CTFE concentration and lower weight‐averaged molecular weight. Parallel plate rheology was used to obtain the zero‐shear viscosity as a function of material type, process, and injection order. We found that in the copolymers, the first injected sample exhibited a lower zero‐shear viscosity than the next, which indicates a lower molecular weight in the first injected specimen. This phenomenon was not presented for the PVDF homopolymer. Copolymer mechanical uncertainties are hypothesized to result from the shorter molecular weight chains extruding out of the specimens' sides as a flash due to higher mobility with CTFE segments.
A new strategy for improving high‐temperature mechanical properties of HNBR/ZDMA composites through polymerization of ZDMA promoted by zinc methylmercaptobenzimidazole
Authors: Li Xuesong , Li Hongqiang , Lai Xuejun , Liu Yunchun , Fang Yuesheng , Jiang Xianpeng , Zeng Xingrong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this work, zinc methylmercaptobenzimidazole (MMBZ) was introduced into hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) matrix with zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA) as a reinforcing filler to prepare HNBR/ZDMA composites. The effects of MMBZ on the crosslinking network, high‐temperature mechanical properties, and interfacial interaction between HNBR and poly(zinc dimethacrylate) (PZDMA) in the HNBR/ZDMA composites were systematically investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and crosslinking density test. It was found that MMBZ accelerated the in situ polymerization of ZDMA to form PZDMA in the HNBR matrix. In addition, the results of FTIR, transmission electron microscopy, and stress–strain behavior at different temperatures also demonstrated that the MMBZ was able to facilitate the grafting of PZDMA onto the HNBR molecular chains, which obviously strengthened the interfacial interaction between HNBR and PZDMA. In comparison to the HNBR/ZDMA composite without MMBZ, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the HNBR/ZDMA‐MMBZ composite with 8 phr MMBZ at 130°C sharply increased from 9.8 MPa and 250% to 15.5 MPa and 305%, respectively. The strategy proposed in this work for the preparation of HNBR/ZDMA composites with high‐temperature mechanical properties is simple to produce on a large scale, which will further promote the development and application of HNBR.
Effect of milled fish scale powder reinforcement on physical properties of ether‐based polyurethane foam composite
Authors: Naidoo Deneshree , Onwubu Stanley Chibuzor , Mokhothu Thabang Hendrica , Mdluli Phumlane Selby , Mishra Ajay Kumar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of reinforcing ether‐based flexible polyurethane foam (PUF) with milled fish scale powder (MFSP) on the physical properties of the resulting composite under different temperature conditions. The composites were prepared with varying MFSP concentrations (0%, 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%) with the PUF matrix and then subjected to the resulting mixture in a mold and cured in an oven at 70 degrees for 15 min. The physical properties of the composites, namely tensile strength, elongation at break, tear resistance, density, color, and cell structure were characterized under different temperature conditions. The results showed that at standard temperature (23°C), the addition of 0.5 wt% MFSP resulted in an 18.8% increase in tensile strength and a 15.7% increase in elongation at break. Tear resistance exhibited significant improvements under heat aging, with a 22% increase (0.5 wt% MFSP) and a remarkable 37% increase (1 wt% MFSP). The cell structure revealed closed cells after the addition of MFSP to the PUF matrix. The salient feature of the study suggests that the use of MFSP as a reinforcing agent for PUF‐based composites has the potential to improve their physical properties. This is critical in producing PUF at a reduced cost with less impact on the environment.
Embryonic cranial cartilage defects in the Fgfr3Y367C/+ mouse model of achondroplasia
Authors: Motch Perrine Susan M. , Sapkota Nishchal , Kawasaki Kazuhiko , Zhang Yejia , Chen Danny Z. , Kawasaki Mizuho , Durham Emily L. , Heuzé Yann , Legeai‐Mallet Laurence , Richtsmeier Joan T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAchondroplasia, the most common chondrodysplasia in humans, is caused by one of two gain of function mutations localized in the transmembrane domain of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) leading to constitutive activation of FGFR3 and subsequent growth plate cartilage and bone defects. Phenotypic features of achondroplasia include macrocephaly with frontal bossing, midface hypoplasia, disproportionate shortening of the extremities, brachydactyly with trident configuration of the hand, and bowed legs. The condition is defined primarily on postnatal effects on bone and cartilage, and embryonic development of tissues in affected individuals is not well studied. Using the Fgfr3Y367C/+ mouse model of achondroplasia, we investigated the developing chondrocranium and Meckel's cartilage (MC) at embryonic days (E)14.5 and E16.5. Sparse hand annotations of chondrocranial and MC cartilages visualized in phosphotungstic acid enhanced three‐dimensional (3D) micro‐computed tomography (microCT) images were used to train our automatic deep learning‐based 3D segmentation model and produce 3D isosurfaces of the chondrocranium and MC. Using 3D coordinates of landmarks measured on the 3D isosurfaces, we quantified differences in the chondrocranium and MC of Fgfr3Y367C/+ mice relative to those of their unaffected littermates. Statistically significant differences in morphology and growth of the chondrocranium and MC were found, indicating direct effects of this Fgfr3 mutation on embryonic cranial and pharyngeal cartilages, which in turn can secondarily affect cranial dermal bone development. Our results support the suggestion that early therapeutic intervention during cartilage formation may lessen the effects of this condition.
An approach to assess the quality of Jupyter projects published by GLAM institutions
Authors: Candela Gustavo , Chambers Sally , Sherratt Tim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGLAM organizations have been digitizing their collections and making them available for the public for several decades. Recent methods for publishing digital collections such as “GLAM Labs” and “Collections as Data” provide guidelines for the application of computational methods to reuse the contents of cultural heritage institutions in innovative and creative ways. Jupyter Notebooks have become a powerful tool to foster use of these collections by digital humanities researchers. Based on previous approaches for quality assessment, which have been adapted for cultural heritage collections, this paper proposes a methodology for assessing the quality of projects based on Jupyter Notebooks published by relevant GLAM institutions. A list of projects based on Jupyter Notebooks using cultural heritage data has been evaluated. Common features and best practices have been identified. A detailed analysis, that can be useful for organizations interested in creating their own Jupyter Notebooks projects, has been provided. Open issues requiring further work and additional avenues for exploration are outlined.
Superstructure optimization of a microalgal biorefinery design with life cycle assessment‐based and economic objectives
Authors: Kopton Johannes , Rihko‐Struckmann Liisa K. , König‐Mattern Laura , Sundmacher Kai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present a multi‐objective optimization framework for the design of an algal biorefinery with multiple target products. Four environmental endpoint indicators and the economic performance are used as objective functions following the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The process alternatives are modeled as a superstructure covering a total of 720 feasible routes. The proposed method optimizes not only the superstructure route but simultaeously discrete and continuous parameters within the process units. A multi‐objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) is used to solve this nonlinear mixed‐integer optimization problem to design the extraction procedures for all macromolecular fractions. For the extractions, liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) are predicted with quantum chemical calculations. A microalgae biorefinery for the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum is considered as case study, including the cultivation and extraction‐supported fractionation of the wet algal biomass to harvest the target products eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), laminarin and fucoxanthin. 2‐Butanol proved to be the preferred solvent for the initial extraction step of wet biomass. Nutrients and solvent production cause most of the environmental impact of the overall process. A Python package for integrating LCA with multi‐objective superstructure optimization is provided as open source software. It is applicable to any process system design task involving environmental objectives.
‘It's missing the heart of what writing is about’: teachers' interpretations of writing assessment criteria
Authors: Clarkson Rebecca 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPrimary school teachers in England are responsible for the statutory assessment of writing, using a set of criteria. The aim of this research was to analyse the responses of teachers to the criteria at the expected standard. An elicitation exercise with 10 primary school teachers was conducted, where teachers talked through their interpretations of the criteria. Qualitative, inductive coding was undertaken to provide a rich and deep understanding of teachers' understandings of the assessment criteria. The perceptions of teachers are shown to be varied and complex. Definitions of the criteria were diverse, and fundamentally different concepts of writing were identified, which points to sources of misunderstanding. Limitations of the assessment criteria themselves are also highlighted, which caused disagreement among the teachers. The findings show evidence of threats to the validity and reliability of the assessment and its use as an accountability measure because of the lack of confidence in inferences drawn from the use of the criteria in the assessment of writing.
Construction of prophage‐free and highly‐transformable Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains and their use for production of 1,3‐propanediol
Authors: Singh Kalpana , Park Sunghoon 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe lactic acid bacterium Limosilactobacillus reuteri (formerly Lactobacillus reuteri) is a desirable host for the production of 1,3‐propanediol (1,3‐PDO) from glycerol when 1,3‐PDO is used in the food or cosmetic industry. However, the production is hindered by strain instability, causing cell lysis, and difficult gene manipulation. This study reveals that the stability of L. reuteri DSM 20016 and its 1,3‐PDO production, especially in the alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs)‐deletion mutants, are greatly enhanced after the deletion of two prophages (Φ3 and Φ4) present in the L. reuteri's chromosome. The resulting phage‐free and ADHs‐deletion mutant could produce >825 mM 1,3‐PDO in 48 h without cell lysis at the theoretical maximum yield on glucose of ~2 mol/mol. Compared to the wild‐type strain, the mutant exhibited a 45.2% increase in 1,3‐PDO production titer and a 2.1‐fold increase in yield. In addition, this study reports that the transformation efficiency of L. reuteri Δadh2Δadh6 mutant strains were greatly enhanced by >300‐fold after the deletion of prophage Φ3, probably due to the removal of a restriction‐modification (RM) system which resides in the phage genome. With improved stability and higher transformation efficiency, recombinant L. reuteri DSM 20016 Δadh2Δadh6ΔΦ3ΔΦ4 can be a more reliable and amenable host for industrial applications.
Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio is associated with stroke progression and functional outcome in patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Xu Chongxi , Cai Linrui , Yi Tong , Yi Xingyang , Hu Yu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present research was to examine the correlation between the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and stroke progression (SP) as well as the functional outcome following an ischemic stroke (IS).MethodsThe current study was conducted as prospective observational research. A cohort of 341 participants diagnosed with IS was included in the study from March 2019 to August 2021. This study's primary measure of interest was the occurrence of SP within the initial week following hospital admission. The secondary outcome was functional status 3 months after IS as measured by a modified Rankin scale score. The association between NLR with SP, and poor functional outcomes was examined using multivariate logistic regression. The predictive value of NLR for SP and poor functional outcomes was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsAmong the 341 enrolled patients, 56 (16.4%) had SP, and 285 (83.6%) had no SP. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the existence of diabetes mellitus and the NLR were independently associated with SP and poor functional outcomes. The area under the ROC curve of NLR in predicting poor functional outcome was 0.6117 (95% confidence interval, .5341–.6893, p = .0032), and the optimal cut‐off point was 4.2139. The sensitivity and specificity of NLR in predicting poor functional outcomes were 52.7% and 72.0%, respectively.ConclusionPatients with acute IS exhibited a very high incidence of SP. NLR may be a valuable prognostic indicator in clinical practice because it was independently associated with SP and a poor functional outcome.
Obstructive sleep apnea and attention deficits: A systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers and neuropsychological assessments
Authors: Ghaderi Sadegh , Mohammadi Sana , Mohammadi Mahdi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and objectiveObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder that causes intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, leading to attention impairment and other cognitive deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful modality that can reveal the structural and functional brain alterations associated with attention impairment in OSA patients. The objective of this systematic review is to identify and synthesize the evidence on MRI biomarkers and neuropsychological assessments of attention deficits in OSA patients.MethodsWe searched the Scopus and PubMed databases for studies that used MRI to measure biomarkers related to attention alteration in OSA patients and reported qualitative and quantitative data on the association between MRI biomarkers and attention outcomes. We also included studies that found an association between neuropsychological assessments and MRI findings in OSA patients with attention deficits.ResultsWe included 19 studies that met our inclusion criteria and extracted the relevant data from each study. We categorized the studies into three groups based on the MRI modality and the cognitive domain they used: structural and diffusion tensor imaging MRI findings, functional, perfusion, and metabolic MRI findings, and neuropsychological assessment findings.ConclusionsWe found that OSA is associated with structural, functional, and metabolic brain alterations in multiple regions and networks that are involved in attention processing. Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure can partially reverse some of the brain changes and improve cognitive function in some domains and in some studies. This review suggests that MRI techniques and neuropsychological assessments can be useful tools for monitoring the progression and response to treatment of OSA patients.
Adherence, frequency, and long‐term follow‐up of video game‐based treatments in patients with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Caselles‐Pina Lucía , Sújar Aaron , Quesada‐López Alejandro , Delgado‐Gómez David 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents. Recent studies show that video games have great potential for the treatment and rehabilitation of ADHD patients.The aim of the present review is to systematically review the scientific literature on the relationship between video games and ADHD, focusing on adherence to treatment, frequency of the intervention, and the long‐term follow‐up of video games in children and adolescents with ADHD.MethodsThe preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses guidelines were adopted. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO database. We searched in three databases, PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science to identify studies examining the association between video game interventions in ADHD patients.ResultsA total of 18 empirical studies met the established inclusion criteria. The results showed that video games‐based interventions can be used to improve ADHD symptoms and display high adherence to treatment. In addition, in the studies reviewed, the most common intervention frequency is 30 min three to five times per week. However, there is little evidence from studies with video games showing long‐term effects in patients with ADHD.ConclusionVideo games are useful and effective interventions that can complement traditional treatments in patients with ADHD.
Cigarette smoking and thyroid cancer risk: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Jiang Hongzhan , Li Yi , Shen Jiali , Lin Huihui , Fan Siyue , Qiu Rongliang , He Jiaxi , Lin Ende , Chen Lijuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe association between cigarette smoking and thyroid cancer has been reported in prospective cohort studies, but the relationship remains controversial. To investigate this potential correlation further, we employed Mendelian randomization methodology to evaluate the causative impact of smoking on thyroid cancer incidence.MethodsFrom the genome‐wide association study and Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine use, we obtained genetic variants associated with smoking initiation and cigarettes per day (1.2 million individuals). We also extracted genetic variants associated with past tobacco smoking from the UK Biobank (424,960 individuals). Thyroid cancer outcomes were selected from the FinnGen GWAS (989 thyroid cancer cases and 217,803 control cases). Sensitivity analyses employing various approaches such as weighted median, MR‐Egger, and MR‐pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR‐PRESSO) have been executed, as well as leave‐one‐out analysis to identify pleiotropy.ResultsUsing the IVW approach, we did not find evidence that any of the three smoking phenotypes were related to thyroid cancer (smoking initiation: odds ratio (OR) = 1.56, p = 0.61; cigarettes per day: OR = 0.85, p = 0.51; past tobacco smoking: OR = 0.80, p = 0.78). The heterogeneity (p > 0.05) and pleiotropy (p > 0.05) testing provided confirmatory evidence for the validity of our MR estimates.ConclusionsThe MR analysis revealed that there may not exist a causative link between smoking exposure and elevated incidence rates of thyroid malignancies.
Biological Effects and Crystal X‐Ray Study of Novel Schiff Base Containing Pentafluorophenyl Hydrazine: In Vitro and in Silico Studies
Authors: Hamurcu Fatma , Özmen Ümmühan Özdemir , Şentürk Ozan Sanlı , Kaya Kerem , Adem Sevki , Erden Büşra Aksoy , Celebioglu Hasan Ufuk , Erden Yavuz , Taslimi Parham 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA novel Schiff base namely 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐6‐((2‐(perfluorophenyl)hydrazono)methyl)phenol was successfully synthesized and characterized using FT‐IR and 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and 19F‐NMR. The crystal structure analysis of the Schiff base compound was also characterized with single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies and supported the spectroscopic results. The cytotoxicity, anti‐bacterial properties, and enzyme inhibition of the compound were also investigated. The molecular docking studies were performed in order to explain the interactions of the synthesized compound with target enzymes. The newly synthesized hydrazone derivative Schiff base compound showed high cellular toxicity on MCF‐7 and PC‐3 cells. Also, this compound caused low antibacterial effect on E. coli and S. aureus. Besides, the compound exhibited the inhibitory effect against pancreatic cholesterol esterase and carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme I, II with IC50 values 63, 99, and 188 μM, respectively. Consequently, it has been determined that the prepared Schiff base is an active compound in terms of cytotoxicity, enzyme inhibition, and anti‐bacterial properties. These results provide preliminary information for some biological features of the compound and can play a major role in drug applications of the Schiff base compound.
Formation and Effects of Upstream DNA–RNA Base Pairing in Telomerase
Authors: Özmaldar Aydın , Balta Bülent 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTelomere elongation by telomerase consists of two types of translocation: duplex translocation during each repeat synthesis and template translocation at the end of repeat synthesis. Our replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations show that in addition to the Watson–Crick interactions in the active site, templating RNA can also form base pairs with the upstream regions of DNA, mostly with the second upstream DNA repeat with respect to the 3’‐end. At the end of the repeat synthesis, dG10‐P442 and dG11‐N446 hydrogen bonds form. Then, active‐site base pairs dissociate one by one, and the RNA bases reanneal with the complementary base on the upstream DNA repeat. For each dissociating base pair a new one forms, thus conserving the number of base pairs during template translocation.
Computer simulations to improve reality: A novel paradigm for interventional procedure planning
Authors: Machanahalli Balakrishna Akshay , Goldsweig Andrew M. 
Published: September 2023

Key Points
Pre‐procedure computer simulation can help to determine the optimal transcatheter heart valve size and implantation depth for patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
Computer simulation may be especially beneficial for patients with challenging anatomy, who are at the highest risk for paravalvular leak and conduction abnormalities.
Computer simulation may also help with planning left atrial appendage occlusion and percutaneous coronary intervention.