bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal follow up of data‐driven cognitive subtypes in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Pourzinal Dana , Yang Jihyun , Sivakumaran Kumareshan , McMahon Katie L. , Mitchell Leander , O'Sullivan John D. , Byrne Gerard J. , Dissanayaka Nadeeka N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimThe dual syndrome hypothesis proposes that there are two cognitive subtypes in Parkinson's disease (PD): a frontal subtype with executive/attention impairment and gradual cognitive decline, and a posterior‐cortical subtype with memory/visuospatial deficits and rapid cognitive decline. We aimed to compare the rate of global cognitive decline between subtypes derived using data‐driven methods and explore their longitudinal performance within specific cognitive domains to better understand the prognosis of each subtype.MethodFrontal, posterior‐cortical, globally impaired, and cognitively intact PD subtypes were identified at baseline using k‐means clustering (N = 85), and 29 participants (34%) returned for follow‐up assessments on average 4.87 years from baseline. Linear mixed effects models compared progression of subtypes on global cognition; psychological symptoms; parkinsonism; and the memory, attention, executive, language, and visuospatial cognitive domains.ResultsThe frontal subtype was lost to attrition. While rate of change in parkinsonism, anxiety, and apathy differed between subtypes, there was no difference in the rate of global cognitive decline. However, the posterior‐cortical subtype declined most rapidly in verbal memory, card sorting, trail making, and judgement of line orientation (JLO), while the cognitively intact group declined most rapidly on verbal memory and semantic fluency. The globally impaired subtype declined most rapidly in JLO, although this should be interpreted with caution due to high attrition.ConclusionDespite limited sample size, the present study supports the differential progression of the posterior‐cortical subtype compared to cognitively intact and globally impaired PD. These results encourage further, large‐scale longitudinal investigations of cognitive subtypes in PD.
An empirical investigation on the benefits of gamification in communication within university development teams
Authors: Ren Wei , Barrett Stephen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe field of software management recognizes communication as a fundamental aspect, which has garnered significant attention in recent years. In response, scholars have advocated for the implementation of innovative pedagogical approaches to foster students' engagement in communication. One such approach is the utilization of gamification, the integration of game design elements into nongame contexts, which has been demonstrated to be an effective teaching technique across various fields of education. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of gamification on in‐team communication quality within the context of software development. To this end, an experimental design was employed with four teams of third‐year students enrolled in software development courses. The results of the study indicate that the introduction of gamification significantly enhances communication quality among the students. Furthermore, our findings indicate that a specific gamification strategy, feedback, plays a crucial role in guiding the students toward desired communication behaviors. On the basis of the results of this study, it can be concluded that gamification presents a promising approach to enhance communication quality within software development teams.
Photoisomerisation of Exo‐Imine Complexes and the Role of MECP in the Reverse Thermal Equilibrium: An Experimental and DFT Computational Investigation**
Authors: Ibraimo Patia Raissa , Singh Kuldip , Davies David L. , Lelj Francesco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractComplexes [MCl2Cp*]2 (M=Ir, Rh), [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2 and [Ir(C^N)2Cl]2 (HC^N=a, phenylpyridine ; b, phenylpyrazole,) react with imine ligands derived from ο‐aminophenol to yield complexes with an exocyclic C=N bond which has a cis or trans configuration. The trans isomer is favoured except for sterically crowded complexes Cp*M (M=Ir, Rh) when the imine has a mesityl substituent, for which the cis isomer is favoured. The complexes undergo photoisomerisation in visible light but revert back to the original isomer over time or when heated. The rate of the thermal reverse isomerisation depends on the imine substituent and the metal fragment. DFT calculations correctly reproduce the favoured isomer and suggest that the reverse isomerisation occurs by a rehybridisation at the N atom as found in organic imines. In addition, a triplet state, thermally accessible by a Minimum Energy Crossing Point (MECP) provides a low energy pathway for reverse isomerisation in the case of the half‐sandwich complexes.
Resolving phenylephrine HCl and guaifenesin enantiomers on cellulose‐based chiral stationary phases: Separation of four enantiomers on 50‐mm column
Authors: Tantawy Mahmoud A. , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. , Yehia Ali M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChiral high performance liquid chromatographic technique usually employs polysaccharide‐based stationary phases in a normal phase mode. This frequently generates large waste of organic solvents. Using shorter columns of 50 mm length as well as a mobile phase with a high water percentage are common approaches for greening this analytical technique. In this context, a new chiral chromatographic technique was developed for simultaneous enantio‐separation of phenylephrine HCl and guaifenesin racemates. Four 50 mm cellulose‐based columns were experimented to separate the four enantiomers in a reversed phase mode. A face centered design was then employed to optimize the mobile phase acetonitrile% and flow rate on Lux Cellulose‐1 (50 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The simultaneous resolution of the cited drugs enantiomers was achieved using acetonitrile–water (30:70, by volume), with a flow rate of 0.5 ml min−1. These optimized chromatographic conditions separate the enantiomers in 7 min running time, generating about 1.0 ml acetonitrile per run. The proposed method was favorably compared with other reported chiral ones in terms of waste volume generated and analysis time required.
Big tau: What, how, where and why
Authors: Fischer Itzhak 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOver the last 50 years the different isoforms of tau proteins (45–60 kDa) have been a focus of research because of their roles in modulating the dynamic properties of microtubules shaping the structure and function of neurons but also becoming a center of attention in the pathology of neurodegeneration associated with tauopathies. Much less attention has been given to Big tau, a unique isoform containing exon 4a encoding about 250 amino acids to form a much longer projection domain of a protein of 110 kDa. Big tau is expressed in peripheral neurons and selective regions of the central nervous system in a defined transition during postnatal developmental stages. Although Big tau was discovered 30 years ago, there has been a persistent gap of knowledge regarding its physiological properties and pathological implications. This Perspective summarizes the progress so far in defining the structure and expression of Big tau within and outside the nervous system, proposes a role for Big tau in improving axonal transport in projecting axons, considers its potential in averting tau aggregation in tauopathies and highlights the need for further progress.
Cancer prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates in Afghanistan in 2020: A review study
Authors: Shayan Nasar Ahmad , Rahimi Ali , Özcebe Hilal 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAfghanistan is in an epidemiological transition, as cancer is the second leading cause of mortality due to non‐communicable diseases. This study is the first to provide a comprehensive perspective on the overall cancer situation in Afghanistan by discussing the top five most common cancers, their incidence variations, risk factors, and preventive measures. The limited number of cancer studies conducted in Afghanistan highlights the importance of the present review.Recent FindingsThis article provides an overview of cancer burden in Afghanistan in 2020. It utilizes IARC‐generated GLOBOCAN 2020 data for one, three, and five‐year prevalence rates, the estimated number of new cancer cases, and mortality rates by age group in Afghanistan. According to GLOBOCAN, the top five common cancers in both sexes in Afghanistan were breast (n = 3173, 14.3%), stomach (n = 2913, 7.8%), lung (n = 1470, 6.6%), cervix uteri (n = 1200, 5.4%), and colorectum (n = 1084, 4.9%).ConclusionThis study provides a brief overview of the general cancer situation in Afghanistan, and a more in‐depth analysis of the five common cancers identified. Effective therapies, awareness, and prevention initiatives targeting lifestyle, immunization, early diagnosis, and environmental risk factors are essential for addressing the impact of population growth and aging on cancer incidence in Afghanistan. Further research and extensive studies are needed to better understand cancer burden in the country.
Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of ZY‐IL1 in Three Patients with Cryopyrin‐Associated Periodic Syndromes
Authors: Hissaria Pravin , Kansagra Kevinkumar , Patel Hardik , Momin Taufik , Ghoghari Ashok , Patel Harilal , Sharma Bhavesh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe present the first results of the proof‐of‐concept phase 2a study of oral NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor in subjects with cryopyrin‐associated periodic syndromes (CAPS). Three adult subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of CAPS were enrolled and administered 50 mg of ZYIL1 twice daily for 7 days. A total of 5 treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported in 2 subjects. All 5 TEAEs were mild in severity and considered unrelated to the study drug. At steady state, the average plasma concentration and trough concentration ranged from 2.5 to 4.2 and 1.4 to 2.5 µg/mL, respectively. Inflammatory markers and disease activity (physician and patient global assessment score) decreased notably 12 hours post‐last dose.
Trans‐ethnic polygenic risk scores for body mass index
Authors: Qu Hui‐Qi , Connolly John J , Hakonarson Hakon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundObesity is a complex trait caused by a combination of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors that contributes to the risks of numerous serious diseases. Predictive measures of body mass index (BMI) hold significant promise, with implications for the prevention and early intervention of obesity, promoting overall improvement in health.Main bodyAn effective BMI polygenic risk score (PRS) model can assist with the prediction and early detection of obesity at the individual level, aligning with the objectives of precision medicine in the management of obesity. However, potential health disparities may emerge among under‐represented populations with a high prevalence of obesity, primarily due to the lack of genomic data available for these populations. The development of a trans‐ethnic (TE) PRS for BMI necessitates collective action from the research community, and requires genomic data from diverse populations.ConclusionThe current BMI‐PRS model exhibits moderate performance, which could be improved in several key areas: integrating genomic information through TE GWAS studies, including admixed populations, considering gene–environment interactions, implementing advanced machine learning techniques, and incorporating genomic‐informed risk assessment (GIRA) with the inclusion of family history, environmental and lifestyle factors for the risk prediction.
A liposomal radionanoformulation for targeted drug delivery and real time monitoring by radionuclide imaging for HER2 overexpressing cancers
Authors: Suman Shishu Kant , Mukherjee Archana , Sharma Rohit Kumar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLiposomal formulations carrying chemotherapeutic drugs have demonstrated great potential as effective drug delivery systems. Smart nanoformulations decorated with targeting agents and probes are desired for site specific delivery of drugs and real time monitoring. In this study, we aimed to develop liposomal formulation loaded with doxorubicin and tagged with trastuzumab antibody (Ab) for targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive tumors. Liposomes were prepared by ethanol injection method using modified lipids to conjugate trastuzumab and radiolabel with Tc‐99m radioisotope using DTPA for imaging by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Doxorubicin was loaded using the active pH gradient method. The conjugation of Ab to liposomes was validated by SDS‐PAGE and MALDI‐MS. 99mTc labeled liposomes encapsulating doxorubicin conjugated with antibody (99mTc‐Lip‐Ab‐Dox) and 99mTc labeled liposomes encapsulating doxorubicin (99mTc‐Lip‐Dox) were found to be stable in blood plasma and saline using chromatography method. The specificity of 99mTc‐Lip‐Ab‐Dox against HER2 receptor was evident from cell uptake and inhibition studies. Results also corroborated with confocal microscopy studies. In vivo studies in tumor bearing severe combined immunodeficient mice by SPECT imaging and biodistribution studies revealed higher uptake of 99mTc‐Lip‐Ab‐Dox in tumor and less accumulation in the liver compared to 99mTc‐Lip‐Dox. In conclusion, liposomal nanoformulation for immunotargeting and monitoring of drug delivery was successfully formulated and evaluated. Encouraging results in preclinical studies were obtained with the radioformulation. Such smart radioformulations will not only serve the purpose of site‐specific controlled release of drugs at the target site but also aid in optimizing the drug doses and schedule of cancer treatment by monitoring pharmacokinetics.
Clinical outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for large pedunculated colorectal carcinoma: A retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Inagaki Katsuaki , Yamashita Ken , Oka Shiro , Tanino Fumiaki , Yamamoto Noriko , Kamigaichi Yuki , Tamari Hirosato , Nishimura Tomoyuki , Okamoto Yuki , Tanaka Hidenori , Kotachi Takahiro , Yuge Ryo , Urabe Yuji , Kitadai Yasuhiko , Tanaka Shinji 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesComplete en‐bloc resection of pedunculated colorectal carcinoma is necessary for a proper pathological diagnosis. However, due to poor visibility, large pedunculated colorectal carcinomas are difficult to snare and resect en‐bloc using endoscopic resection or polypectomy. Additionally, the bleeding risk of large pedunculated colorectal carcinomas is relatively high. We aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection for large pedunculated colorectal carcinomas.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study to assess 36 consecutive patients with 36 large pedunculated colorectal carcinomas who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection and evaluated the outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection. Furthermore, patients were divided into two groups according to the procedure time, and the factors related to the procedure time were assessed.ResultsThe mean tumor size was 34.1 ± 9.9 mm. The en‐bloc, complete en‐bloc, and curative resection rates were 97% (35/36), 97% (35/36), and 81% (29/36), respectively. The rate of severe bleeding during the procedure was 11% (4/36); however, it could be controlled endoscopically in all patients. The rate of intraoperative perforation and delayed bleeding was 0% (0/36). Delayed perforations occurred in one patient that required surgery. A long procedure time was correlated with the location of the flexure and poor endoscope operability. No recurrence was observed in any patient. None of the patients died of colorectal carcinoma.ConclusionsOur results showed the feasibility and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection for large pedunculated colorectal carcinomas.
Efficacy of a training programme for the management of diabetes mellitus in the hospital: A randomized study (stage 2 of GOVEPAZ healthcare)
Authors: Dei Cas Alessandra , Aldigeri Raffaella , Ridolfi Valentina , Vazzana Angela , Ciardullo Anna Vittoria , Manicardi Valeria , Sforza Alessandra , Tomasi Franco , Zavaroni Donatella , Zavaroni Ivana , Bonadonna Riccardo C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsTo assess the efficacy of a structured educational intervention for health professionals on the appropriateness of inpatient diabetes care and on some clinical outcomes in hospitalised subjects.MethodsA multicentre (6 regional hospitals) cluster‐randomized (2:1) two parallel‐group pragmatic intervention trials, as a part of the GOVEPAZ study, was conducted in three clinical settings, that is, Internal Medicine, Surgery and Intensive Care. Intervention consisted of a 2‐month structured education of clinical staff to inpatient diabetes care. Twelve wards ‐ 2 for each hospital ‐ and 6 wards ‐ 1 for each hospital ‐ were randomized to usual care and to the intervention arm, respectively. Consecutively hospitalised diabetic subjects (n = 524, age 74 ± 14 years, 57% males, median HbA1C 57 mmol/mol) were included. The clinical appropriateness of inpatient diabetes management was assessed by a previously validated multi‐domain performance score (PS). Clinical outcomes included hypoglycemia, glucose control biomarkers, clinical conditions at discharge and inpatient mortality rate.ResultsA numerically, but not statistically significant, higher PS (+0.94; 95% C.I.: −0.53 ‐ +2.4) was achieved in the intervention than in the usual care wards. Hypoglycemias (p = 0.32), glucose control (p = 0.89) and survival rates (p = 0.71) were similar in the two experimental arms. Plasma glucose on admission (OR = 1.52 per 1 SD; C.I. 1.07–2.17; p = 0.021) and the number of hypoglycemic events per patient (OR = 1.55 per 1 SD; C.I.:1.11–2.16; p = 0.011) were independently associated with the inpatient mortality rate.ConclusionsStructured education of the clinical staff failed to improve the inpatient appropriateness of diabetes care or clinical outcomes. In‐hospital hypoglycemia was confirmed to be an independent indicator of death risk.
The next stages of treatment‐oriented research: Commentary on Wade et al. (2023)
Authors: Steinglass Joanna , Attia Evelyn 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTreatments for eating disorders have established benefits; yet, current psychotherapies focus specifically on the cognitions and behaviors of the eating disorder. Wade et al. (2023) propose that the myriad symptoms and disorders that occur together with eating disorders merit specific attention in treatment research protocols. We seek to amplify the authors' call to take a fresh look at the characterization of eating disorders, and the need for treatment research to consider both the role of symptoms that occur as part and parcel of an eating disorder (such as mood, anxiety, and obsessionality) and the role of co‐occurring disorders (such as obsessive–compulsive disorder and substance use disorders). We discuss additional aspects in the care of patients with eating disorders that were beyond the scope of Wade et al., such as the impact of systems of care, and consideration of medication trials. We propose that current research priorities (mechanism‐based treatment development, transdiagnostic symptoms, and patient perspectives) can be leveraged to advance treatment research and develop a systematic approach to evaluation and treatment planning.
Color Tunable Emission and Oxygen Sensing from a Discrete Europium−Pyrene Assembly
Authors: O'Neil Alex T. , Pope Jade , Harrison John A. , Kitchen Jonathan A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe report the synthesis of a new pyrene, dipicolinic acid‐based ligand (L1H) and its corresponding multi‐emissive and multifunctional europium complex [Eu(L1)3] that is capable of single component color switchable emission from red to blue and also white. At high concentration (10 mM) the single component system results in near pure white emission (CIE coordinates x,y=0.329, 0.324). Furthermore, the system showed ratiometric oxygen sensing with oxygen significantly quenching the pyrene centered emission but not the Eu3+ emission, resulting in an overall emission color change from blue to red on increasing oxygen content.
Education, neuroscience, and types of creativity
Authors: Dietrich Arne , Zakka Sandra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe concept of multiple intelligences has taken hold in education. The idea that there are different types of intelligence for different domains helps inform educational approaches to learning and development. Evidence in creativity research, particularly from neuroscience, is accumulating that there are also different types of creativity. This, however, has not been the predominant way neuroscience has approached creativity. Consequently, the idea of different types of creativity has also not yet taken hold in education. Despite psychology regarding creativity as being made up of many complex, multifaceted, and varied cognitive and emotional processes deployed across many different domains, we still think of, and test, creativity as if it were a single, separate, cohesive, and discrete thing. Having perseverated on experimental paradigms that are theoretically and conceptually incoherent, this paper explains why empirical neuroscience research has failed to identify and distinguish different types of creativity. This is particularly important because neuroscience can take a lead in establishing the idea of multiple creativity types. The paper then outlines the negative implications for education if creativity is continuously being treated as a single faculty or monolithic entity. Finally, the paper introduces a division of creativity into three types that could result in a more individual approach to teaching and promoting creativity in classrooms.
Spokespeople in public health: Important characteristics from the perspective of Australian public health professionals
Authors: Buckley Lisa , Morphett Kylie , Rychetnik Lucie , Land Mary‐Anne , Cullerton Katherine 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSpokespeople play a significant role in communicating public health information yet there is little research understanding the characteristics of those who provide such messaging.MethodsOne hundred and four health professionals (70% female) recruited through professional association mailing lists in Australia completed a brief online quantitative and qualitative survey.ResultsParticipants reported characteristics they believed to be important for spokespeople, those that they believed their organisation considered important, and those they thought engendered public trust. Knowledge of public health issues, public speaking skills, and willingness to speak on behalf of the organisation were identified as important characteristics (by at least 70%). Qualitative results showed some participants distinguished between perceived, as well as actual, expertise, and described the potential for public health university programs to include public speaking and communication skills. Participants also identified an individual's role in the organisation was considered important in their organisation's selection of a spokesperson, particularly in relation to seniority and leadership.ConclusionsThe study provides an initial description and priority considerations from health professionals about key characteristics of effective spokespeople. Findings suggest possible avenues for training and support for spokespeople and the need for further research regarding the characteristics of who are effective spokespeople.So What?Findings suggest possible avenues for training and support for spokespeople and the need for further research regarding the characteristics of who are effective spokespeople.