bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspektif Budaya Hukum Dalam Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia Di Indonesia
Authors: Kurniawan Kurniawan 
Published: December 2022

Di era reformasi telah menguat kesadaran bahwa salah satu persoalan yang dihadapi oleh bangsa Indonesia adalah lemahnya penegakan hukum dan tipisnya kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap proses hukum dan aparatnya. Hal ini tecermin dari berbagai kebijakan yang diambil oleh negara, baik di bidang legislatif, eksekutif, maupun yudikatif. Dua hal utama yang telah banyak dilakukan adalah penataan peraturan perundang-undangan melalui pembentukan berbagai aturan hukum baru dan penataan struktur kelembagaan penegak hukum. Sepanjang era reformasi kita telah membentuk ratusan undang-undang, baik undang-undang baru maupun perubahan atas undang-undang lama, baik yang mengatur hukum materiil maupun hukum formil sebagai instrumen penegakan hukum. Kita juga telah melakukan penataan lembaga penegak hukum, baik lembaga-lembaga utama yang memiliki wewenang mulai dari penyelidikan hingga pelaksanaan putusan maupun lembaga-lembaga baru sebagai pendukung dan pendorong penegakan hukum. Penataan manajemen organisasi dan sumber daya lembaga penegak hukum juga telah dilakukan melalui program reformasi birokrasi yang meliputi semua aspek. Gambaran di atas adalah hal yang wajar karena semua harapan tersebut merupakan hak asasi yang secara kodrat telah melekat pada manusia sebagai anugerah dari Yang Maha Kuasa. Akan tetapi sering manusia memperjuangkan terhadap apa yang menjadi haknya tidak dapat terwujud sesuai harapan. Pada artikel ini akan dibahas kemungkinan-kemungkinan yang dapat menjelaskan hal tersebut.
Alat Peraga Dapat Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Dalam Topik Cara Menghasilkan Bunyi
Authors: Wati Nila 
Published: December 2022

Guru memiliki tugas mendidik, mengajar dan berusaha untuk menjadikan anak didik supaya berprestasi, agar guru dapat melaksanakan tugas dengan baik. Pada hasil belajar siswa mata pelajaran IPA Materi Pokok Cara Menhasilkan Bunyi di kelas IV SDN 198/X Rawasari terlihat bahwa dari aktivitas siswa dalam mengikuti pembelajaran kurang aktif, keaktifan siswa masih dibawah KKM. Hal tersebut dapat dirumuskan oleh peneliti bahwa pembelajaran sebaiknya menggunakan media pembelajaran. Untuk menemukan apakah media pembelajaran dalam bentuk alat peraga dapat efektif. Selanjutnya, peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas selama tiga siklus. Penelitian ini menghasilkan bahwa penggunaan alat peraga dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa serta dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan perilaku siswa dalam belajar.
Overview of Islamic Economics About the Practice of Cultivating Plantation Land With a Land Wage System
Authors: Abidin Zaenal 
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this research is to reveal the problems; How is the practice of cultivating plantation land with a profit-sharing system in Koto Kandis? How is the Islamic economic review of the practice of cultivating plantation land with a profit-sharing system in Koto Kandis? This type of research uses qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Based on the results of the discussion and analysis, conclusions were drawn: First, the implementation of the practice of cultivating plantation land with a profit-sharing system in Koto Kandis Village, was carried out in three stages, Second, an Islamic economic review on the practice of cultivating plantation land with a profit-sharing system in Koto Kandis village, according to an Islamic economic review is permissible in Islam, and is recommended with the principle of mutual cooperation in goodness.
Urgensi Pembaharuan Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Terhadap Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Kejahatan Korporasi
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad Yusuf 
Published: December 2022

Dewasa ini korporasi sudah menjamur di Indonesia bahkan tak jarang menimbulkan permasalahan yang berkepanjangan terutama terkait kejahatan korporasi yang mana kejahatan ini dilakukan karena dengan adanya keinginan korporasi untuk memperoleh keuntungan sebesar-besarnya karena korporasi yang melakukan kejahatan korporasi melakukan cara apapun demi keuntungan yang besar ataupun profit oriented , adapun kejahatan korporasi yang kerap dilakukan oleh korporasi kejahatan korporasi yang berupa yaitu kejahatan yang dilakukan korporasi dalam rangka mencari keuntungan. Dengan berbagai modus operandi kejahatan yang sering dilakukan korporasi,yaitu kejahatan korporasi yang berkaitan dengan administrasif, lingkungan, keuangan, tenaga kerja, produk barang, dan praktek-praktek perdagangan tidak jujur. metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode hukum normatif mencakup penelitian terhadap asas-asas hukum, sistematika hukum, sinkronisasi hukum dan perbandingan. Analisis bahan hukum yang terkumpul dilakukan dengan cara mengiventarisasi, mensistematisasi, dan menginpretasikan. Urgensi pembaharuan hukum pidana dengan semangat pembaharuan hukum pidana dengan pendekatan kebijakan, yaitu salah satunya dengan kebijakan hukum pidana diharapkan menghadirkan Formulasi mengenai ketentuan tersebut harus diatur secara tegas kedepannya agar dapat meminimalisir kemungkinan korporasi melepaskan diri dari tanggungjawab atas kejahatan yang dilakukannya agar dimasa yang akan datang pertanggungjawaban kejahatan korporasi di indonesia dapat ditegakkan secara maksimal.
Kekuatan Alat Bukti Keterengan Saksi Yang Memiliki Garis Keturunan Dengan Terdakwa Dalam Tindak Pidana Pencurian Dalam Keluarga
Authors: Marwendi Reza Okva 
Published: December 2022

Kekuatan dari alat bukti dari saksi yang memiliki keterkaitan keluarga dengan terdakwa dalam tindak pidana pencurian dalam keluarga, proses pemeriksaan terhadap saksi merupakan alat bukti yang utama dalam suatu tindak pidana. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengungkap kekuatan alat bukti keterangan saksi yang memiliki hubungan darah dengan terdakwa dalam proses pembuktian dan hambatan pembuktian dengan menggunakan alat bukti keterangan saksi yang memiliki hubungan darah dengan terdakwa dalam tindak pidana pencurian dalam keluarga. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Sumber bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Bahan-bahan hukum yang telah didapat dari studi kepustakaan dan pendekatan perundang-undangan dianalisis dengan teknik interpretasi sistematis. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa Keterangan saksi sangat diperlukan dalam persidangan guna untuk memberikan sanksi yang tepat bagi terdakwa. Hambatan pembuktian dari keterangan saksi yang memiliki hubungan dan ikatan dalam keluarga adalah apabila asas minimum pembuktian tidak dapat dibuktikan. Dapat disimpulkan kekuatan dari keterangan saksi yang tidak mengucap sumpah, maka tidak dapat dianggap sebagai alat bukti, melainkan hanya keterangan yang dipertimbangkan hakim.
Repair and Splicing of Centimeter‐Size Organic Crystalline Optical Waveguides
Authors: Lan Linfeng , Li Liang , Yang Xuesong , Naumov Panče , Zhang Hongyu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOrganic single crystals that are capable of transmitting light and charge are quickly shaping into a new forefront of research in photoelectronic materials that is thought to hold a tremendous potential for the broader field of organic electronics. However, one of the main disadvantages that currently stands against the direct application of organic single crystals in that capacity is their pronounced proneness to mechanical damage due to brittleness, abrasion, and wear. To account for this drawback, here a simple and universal strategy is proposed for the recovery of macroscopic integrity of cracked or completely fractured crystals based on the layer‐by‐layer charged polymer assembly approach that can be used to effectively recover the damaged crystals. It is shown that in addition to being an effective means for reasonable restoration of their optical waveguiding ability, this approach can also be used to combine different crystals into hybrid organic photonic integrated circuits (OPICs) and even to construct dynamic hybrid OPICs as active and/or passive optical waveguides. The resulting integrated crystalline OPIC bundles act as optical waveguides for transmission of light with different colors and can also be used for light mixing to generate white light.
Recent Advances in “Functional Engineering of Articular Cartilage Zones by Polymeric Biomaterials Mediated with Physical, Mechanical, and Biological/Chemical Cues”
Authors: Dehghan‐Baniani Dorsa , Mehrjou Babak , Chu Paul K. , Lee Wayne Yuk Wai , Wu Hongkai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractArticular cartilage (AC) plays an unquestionable role in joint movements but unfortunately the healing capacity is restricted due to its avascular and acellular nature. While cartilage tissue engineering has been lifesaving, it is very challenging to remodel the complex cartilage composition and architecture with gradient physio–mechanical properties vital to proper tissue functions. To address these issues, a better understanding of the intrinsic AC properties and how cells respond to stimuli from the external microenvironment must be better understood. This is essential in order to take one step closer to producing functional cartilaginous constructs for clinical use. Recently, biopolymers have aroused much attention due to their versatility, processability, and flexibility because the properties can be tailored to match the requirements of AC. This review highlights polymeric scaffolds developed in the past decade for reconstruction of zonal AC layers including the superficial zone, middle zone, and deep zone by means of exogenous stimuli such as physical, mechanical, and biological/chemical signals. The mimicked properties are reviewed in terms of the biochemical composition and organization, cell fate (morphology, orientation, and differentiation), as well as mechanical properties and finally, the challenges and potential ways to tackle them are discussed.
An Electrode with Two‐Level Porosity for Electro‐Fenton: Carbon Nanofiber‐Functionalized Macroporous Nickel Foam
Authors: Limper Alexander , Mohseni Mojtaba , Keller Robert , Linkhorst John , Klankermayer Jürgen , Wessling Matthias 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCarbon is an established electrode material in electrochemical reactors, e.g., for the generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Common structures are graphite felts or carbon fibers. These materials usually lack adequate electrochemical activity, hence more selectively active moieties need to be introduced. Furthermore, the commonly porous materials require immobilization concepts which normally include polymeric binders that partly block the porous surface and may entail secondary pollution. This work introduces carbon nanofibers (CNFs), synthesized on nickel foams via catalytic carbon decomposition, as a novel, binder‐free electrode with two‐level porosity. The fibers are in the range of few nanometers and comprise embedded nickel nanoparticles (30–250 nm). The CNFs are deposited as a thin layer on a nickel foam, not affecting its intrinsically open‐porous nature. The as‐synthesized CNF/Ni foams show H2O2 production rates as high as 1.1 mg h−1 cm−2 at pH 3 and a cathodic potential of 0.11 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) through multiple reaction pathways catalyzed by CNF and embedded nickel nanoparticles. In an electro‐Fenton process, the removal of carbamazepine (CBZ), a frequently detected micropollutant in water bodies is assessed, demonstrating an almost complete depletion after 10 min (cCBZ,0 = 4 mg L−1). These results unveil the potential of the integrated production of CNF/Ni foam electrodes with scale‐up perspectives for oxygen reduction reactions.
Janus Self‐Propelled Chitosan‐Based Hydrogel Spheres for Rapid Bleeding Control
Authors: Yu Qiao , Su Baihai , Zhao Weifeng , Zhao Changsheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUncontrolled hemorrhage is a major cause of potentially preventable death in civilian trauma nowadays. Considerable concern has been given to the development of efficient hemostats with high blood absorption, self‐propelled property, and Ca2+ release ability, for irregularly shaped and noncompressible hemorrhage. Herein, Janus self‐propelled chitosan‐based hydrogel with CaCO3 (J‐CMH@CaCO3) is developed by partial ionic crosslinking of carboxylated chitosan (CCS) and Ca2+, gravity settlement, and photopolymerization, followed by removing the shell of CCS. The obtained J‐CMH@CaCO3 is further used as a hemostat powered by the internal CaCO3 and coordinated protonated tranexamic acid (J‐CMH@CaCO3/T). Bubbles are generated and detached to provide the driving force, accompanied by the release of Ca2+. The two aspects work in synergy to accelerate clot formation, endowing the J‐CMH@CaCO3/T with excellent hemostatic efficiency. The J‐CMH@CaCO3/T presents high blood absorption, favorable blood‐clotting ability, desired erythrocyte and platelet aggregation, and acceptable hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility. In rodent and rabbit bleeding models, the J‐CMH@CaCO3/T exhibits the most effective hemostasis to the best knowledge of the authors, wherein the hemorrhage is rapidly halted within 39 s. It is believed that the J‐CMH@CaCO3/T with self‐propelled property opens up a new avenue to design high‐performance hemostats for clinical application.
Health Conditions Associated with Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia
Authors: Beason‐Held Lori L. , Kerley Cailey I. , Chaganti Shikha , Moghekar Abhay , Thambisetty Madhav , Ferrucci Luigi , Resnick Susan M. , Landman Bennett A. 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveWe examined medical records to determine health conditions associated with dementia at varied intervals prior to dementia diagnosis in participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA).MethodsData were available for 347 Alzheimer's disease (AD), 76 vascular dementia (VaD), and 811 control participants without dementia. Logistic regressions were performed associating International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD‐9) health codes with dementia status across all time points, at 5 and 1 year(s) prior to dementia diagnosis, and at the year of diagnosis, controlling for age, sex, and follow‐up length of the medical record.ResultsIn AD, the earliest and most consistent associations across all time points included depression, erectile dysfunction, gait abnormalities, hearing loss, and nervous and musculoskeletal symptoms. Cardiomegaly, urinary incontinence, non‐epithelial skin cancer, and pneumonia were not significant until 1 year before dementia diagnosis. In VaD, the earliest and most consistent associations across all time points included abnormal electrocardiogram (EKG), cardiac dysrhythmias, cerebrovascular disease, non‐epithelial skin cancer, depression, and hearing loss. Atrial fibrillation, occlusion of cerebral arteries, essential tremor, and abnormal reflexes were not significant until 1 year before dementia diagnosis.InterpretationThese findings suggest that some health conditions are associated with future dementia beginning at least 5 years before dementia diagnosis and are consistently seen over time, while others only reach significance closer to the date of diagnosis. These results also show that there are both shared and distinctive health conditions associated with AD and VaD. These results reinforce the need for medical intervention and treatment to lessen the impact of health comorbidities in the aging population. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:805–818
Genotype‐Guided Dual Antiplatelet Use for Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Stroke by Imaging Status: Subgroup Analysis of the CHANCE‐2 Trial
Authors: Jing Jing , Xie Xuewei , Johnston S. Claiborne , Bath Philip M. , Li Zixiao , Zhao Xingquan , Liu Liping , Wang Yilong , Xu Qin , Wang Anxin , Jiang Yong , Li Hao , Meng Xia , Wang Yongjun ,   for the CHANCE‐2 Investigators
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveThis study was performed to investigate whether ticagrelor/aspirin versus clopidogrel/aspirin can further reduce the residual risk of stroke recurrence in patients with positive diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) in the High‐Risk Patients with Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events II (CHANCE‐2) trial.MethodsPatients with DWI data in the CHANCE‐2 trial were included and divided into those with and without acute infarction according to their DWI findings. The primary efficacy outcome and safety outcome were stroke recurrence and moderate to severe bleeding within 3 months of follow‐up, respectively.ResultsOf the 6,412 patients enrolled in the CHANCE‐2 trial, 5,796 (90.4%) patients with DWI data were included in the subgroup analysis. A total of 4,369 patients (75.4%) had an acute infarction on DWI. Patients with positive DWI had higher risk of recurrent stroke (8.1%) than those without infarction (2.2%) within 3‐month follow‐up. Compared with clopidogrel/aspirin, ticagrelor/aspirin was associated with lower risk of stroke in patients with positive DWI (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.52–0.80, p < 0.001) than in those negative DWI (HR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.55–2.72, p = 0.63), with a significant interaction association (p for interaction = 0.049). The risk of moderate to severe bleeding was similar between ticagrelor/aspirin and clopidogrel/aspirin treatment in the different groups.InterpretationOur study demonstrates that imaging evaluation should be emphasized before targeting the best candidates for genotype‐guided dual antiplatelet therapy in future clinical research and practice. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:783–792
Recent Advances in Sequence‐Controlled Ring‐Opening Copolymerizations of Monomer Mixtures
Authors: Wang Xiaoqian , Huo Ziyu , Xie Xiaoyu , Shanaiah Narasimhamurthy , Tong Rong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTransforming renewable resources into functional and degradable polymers is driven by the ever‐increasing demand to replace unsustainable polyolefins. However, the utility of many degradable homopolymers remains limited due to their inferior properties compared to commodity polyolefins. Therefore, the synthesis of sequence‐defined copolymers from one‐pot monomer mixtures is not only conceptually appealing in chemistry, but also economically attractive by maximizing materials usage and improving polymers’ performances. Among many polymerization strategies, ring‐opening (co)polymerization of cyclic monomers enables efficient access to degradable polymers with high control on molecular weights and molecular weight distributions. Herein, we highlight recent advances in achieving one‐pot, sequence‐controlled polymerizations of cyclic monomer mixtures using a single catalytic system that combines multiple catalytic cycles. The scopes of cyclic monomers, catalysts, and polymerization mechanisms are presented for this type of sequence‐controlled ring‐opening copolymerization.
An online integrated programming platform to acquire students' behavior data for immediate feedback teaching
Authors: Yu Ju‐Hua , Chang Xing‐Zhi , Liu Wei , Huan Zhan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProgramming‐related courses prefer to put importance on practice rather than theoretical knowledge. However, the students' programming behavior data is difficult to be recorded and fed back to teachers anytime, allowing teachers to adjust their teaching in real‐time. Aiming at this problem, this study develops an online integrated programming platform that provides a unified programming environment for teachers and students and logs students' procedural programming behavior data automatically to assist teachers in providing real‐time feedback teaching. To verify the effectiveness of the data‐driven immediate feedback teaching method, an exploratory case was conducted in the 2020/2021 academic year autumn semester. As the control group, cloud201 adopted the traditional hybrid online/offline mode, while cloud202, as the experimental group, adopted the hybrid online/offline mode and immediate feedback teaching mode. The effect is demonstrated through the questionnaire, the programming behavior data analysis, and the performance analysis. The results of the questionnaire show that there are significant differences in the students' satisfaction with interaction, supervision, feedback, and evaluation, of which feedback is the biggest part. In addition, the two analysis results indicate that students' individual learning development and the learning status of the class are objectively characterized, the overall grade distribution of cloud202 is more concentrated in medium grades and the difference on average scores between cloud201 and cloud202 is gradually increased. Since the students' immediate and comprehensive programming behavior data is perceived by teachers, the teaching adjustment is so flexible that the improvement of teaching efficiency and teaching effect is promoted accordingly.
Risk factors associated with cisplatin‐induced ototoxicity in Japanese patients with solid tumors
Authors: Okada Hideaki , Kitagawa Koichi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundCisplatin, a first‐generation platinum agent, is used for managing various cancers and is associated with dose‐dependent side effects of hearing impairment and tinnitus. However, the safety of high‐dose cisplatin in hearing impairment, has not been fully investigated in Japan.MethodsWe performed pure‐tone threshold audiometry before and every 3–4 weeks after chemotherapy for patients receiving cisplatin‐containing chemotherapy between April 2015 and October 2017 at Kobe Minimally Invasive Cancer Center. Hearing impairment was evaluated prospectively using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0.ResultsWe enrolled 100 patients and analyzed 96 patients for whom post‐chemotherapy audiometry could be performed. The median patient age was 65 years, and most patients were male (75). The cancer types were as follows: esophageal, 36; head and neck, 35; lung, 23; and gastric, 2. Cisplatin monotherapy and combination therapy were administered to 33 and 63 patients, respectively. A single cisplatin dose was 60–100 mg/m2; the median number of doses and total dose were 3 and 240 mg/m2, respectively. Additionally, 78 and 18 patients were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy and chemotherapy alone, respectively. Twenty‐seven patients had grade 2 or higher hearing impairment. Furthermore, the prevalence was significantly higher in patients receiving a total dose of ≥300 mg/m2. Twenty and 32 patients were aware of deafness and tinnitus, respectively.ConclusionNo patient discontinued treatment owing to hearing impairment. The total cisplatin dose was considered related to post‐treatment hearing impairment frequency in Japanese patients. However, routine audiometric monitoring is recommended during high‐dose cisplatin‐based chemotherapy.
RNA interference: Promising approach for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Allahyari Elham , Velaei Kobra , Sanaat Zohreh , Jalilzadeh Nazila , Mehdizadeh Amir , Rahmati Mohammad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractToday, cancer is one of the main health‐related challenges, and in the meantime, breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers among women, with an alarming number of incidences and deaths every year. For this reason, the discovery of novel and more effective approaches for the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of the disease are very important. In this regard, scientists are looking for diagnostic molecules to achieve the above‐mentioned goals with higher accuracy and specificity. RNA interference (RNAi) is a posttranslational regulatory process mediated by microRNA intervention and small interfering RNAs. After transcription and edition, these two noncoding RNAs are integrated and activated with the RNA‐induced silencing complex (RISC) and AGO2 to connect the target mRNA by their complementary sequence and suppress their translation, thus reducing the expression of their target genes. These two RNAi categories show different patterns in different BC types and stages compared to healthy cells, and hence, these molecules have high diagnostic, monitoring, and therapeutic potentials. This article aims to review the RNAi pathway and diagnostic and therapeutic potentials with a special focus on BC.