bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a continuous metabolic syndrome severity score in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Authors: Honarvar Mohammadjavad , Masoumi Safdar , Mehran Ladan , Khalili Davood , Amouzegar Atieh , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS), defined as the coexistence of interrelated cardiometabolic risk factors, is limited by ignoring the severity of the disease and individuals with a pre-metabolic state. We aimed to develop the first age- and sex-specific continuous MetS severity score in the adult population using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) based on the MetS components in the Middle East. Using data from the population-based Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) I and II datasets, we conducted CFA of the single factor MetS on 8933 adults (20–60 years old) totally, and in age and sex subgroups. We allowed for different factor loadings across the subgroups to formulate age- and sex-specific continuous MetS severity score equations. Thereafter, we validated these equations in the dataset of TLGS III participants. Triglyceride had the highest factor loading across age and sex subgroups, indicating the most correlation with MetS. Except for women aged 40–60 years, waist circumference was the second most significant factor contributing to MetS. Systolic blood pressure was more closely related to MetS in women than in men. Systolic blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose had the weakest correlation with MetS among the 40–60 age group. Moreover, as women age, the contribution of fasting plasma glucose to MetS tended to decline, while it remained relatively constant in men. The resulting MetS severity score was correlated with age and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Furthermore, the continuous MetS severity score well predicted the traditional MetS according to receiver operating characteristic analysis in the validation dataset. The age- and sex-specific continuous MetS severity score for the West Asian adult population provides a tangible quantitative measure of MetS enabling clinicians to screen and monitor the individuals at risk and assess their metabolic trends.
Nasolacrimal intubation in transcanalicular endoscopic dacryoplasty: a long-term follow-up study
Authors: Zimmermann Julian Alexander , Esser Eliane Luisa , Merté Ralph-Laurent , Danzer Moritz Fabian , Rosenberger Friederike , Brücher Viktoria C. , Eter Nicole , Alnawaiseh Maged , Blumberg Alina Friederike , Lahme Larissa , Mihailovic Natasa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNowadays, transcanalicular endoscopic dacryoplasty represents the majority of lacrimal duct surgery procedures performed in adults in specialised centers. However, there are still hardly any data available regarding the intra- and postoperative care, particularly regarding the duration of silicone tube intubation (STI). Our aim was to evaluate the relation between tube duration and recurrence of symptoms in patients who underwent transcanalicular microdrill dacryoplasty (MDP) in a long-term setting. Medical records of 576 adult patients after MDP were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 256 eyes of 191 patients could be included. The median follow-up time was 7.83 [7.08; 9.25] years. In 57.0% of the cases there was still full resolution of symptoms at the time of the survey. The median duration of the STI was 6 [3.00; 6:00] months. When distinguishing between a tube duration < 3 months and ≥ 3 months there was a significant difference in the long-term success rate (< 3 months: 38%; ≥ 3 months: 61%; p = 0.011). In conclusion, an early removal of the STI (< 3 months) after transcanalicular MDP seems to be associated with a higher incidence of recurrence of symptoms. This should be considered in the intra- and postoperative care of patients following this minimally invasive first-step procedure.
Machine learning-based causal models for predicting the response of individual patients to dexamethasone treatment as prophylactic antiemetic
Authors: Mizuguchi Taisuke , Sawamura Shigehito 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRisk-based strategies are widely used for decision making in the prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), a major complication of general anesthesia. However, whether risk is associated with individual treatment effect remains uncertain. Here, we used machine learning-based algorithms for estimating the conditional average treatment effect (CATE) (double machine learning [DML], doubly robust [DR] learner, forest DML, and generalized random forest) to predict the treatment response heterogeneity of dexamethasone, the first choice for prophylactic antiemetics. Electronic health record data of 2026 adult patients who underwent general anesthesia from January to June 2020 were analyzed. The results indicated that only a small subset of patients respond to dexamethasone treatment, and many patients may be non-responders. Estimated CATE did not correlate with predicted risk, suggesting that risk may not be associated with individual treatment responses. The current study suggests that predicting treatment responders by CATE models may be more appropriate for clinical decision making than conventional risk-based strategy.
Well-distributed 1T/2H MoS2 nanocrystals in the N-doped nanoporous carbon framework by direct pyrolysis
Authors: Baheri Yalda Tarpoudi , Maleki Mahdi , Karimian Hossein , Javadpoor Jafar , Masoudpanah Seyed Morteza 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been a promising anode material in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high theoretical capacity and large interlayer spacing. However, its intrinsic poor electrical conductivity and large volume changes during the lithiation/delithiation reactions limit its practical application. An efficient synthesis strategy was developed to prepare the MoS2 nanocrystals well-anchored into the N-doped nanoporous carbon framework to deal with these challenges by a confined reaction space in an acrylonitrile-based porous polymer during the carbonization process. The prepared hybrid material comprises small 1T/2H-MoS2 nanoparticles surrounded by a nanoporous carbon matrix. In addition to the highly crystalline nature of the synthesized MoS2, the low ID/IG of the Raman spectrum demonstrated the development of graphitic domains in the carbon support during low-temperature pyrolysis (700 °C). This novel three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical composite shows superior advantages, such as decreased diffusion lengths of lithium ions, preventing the agglomeration of MoS2 nanocrystals, and maintaining the whole structural stability. The prepared C/MoS2 hybrid demonstrated fast rate performance and satisfactory cycling stability as an anode material for LIBs.
Selecting antibacterial aptamers against the BamA protein in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by incorporating genetic algorithm to optimise computational screening method
Authors: Selvam Rupany , Lim Ian Han Yan , Lewis Jovita Catherine , Lim Chern Hong , Yap Michelle Khai Khun , Tan Hock Siew 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAntibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to global health resulting in an increasing number of people suffering from severe illnesses or dying due to infections that were once easily curable with antibiotics. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major pathogen that has rapidly developed antibiotic resistance and WHO has categorised this pathogen under the critical list. DNA aptamers can act as a potential candidate for novel antimicrobial agents. In this study, we demonstrated that an existing aptamer is able to affect the growth of P. aeruginosa. A computational screen for aptamers that could bind to a well-conserved and essential outer membrane protein, BamA in Gram-negative bacteria was conducted. Molecular docking of about 100 functional DNA aptamers with BamA protein was performed via both local and global docking approaches. Additionally, genetic algorithm analysis was carried out to rank the aptamers based on their binding affinity. The top hits of aptamers with good binding to BamA protein were synthesised to investigate their in vitro antibacterial activity. Among all aptamers, Apt31, which is known to bind to an antitumor, Daunomycin, exhibited the highest HADDOCK score and resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in P. aeruginosa growth. Apt31 also induced membrane disruption that resulted in DNA leakage. Hence, computational screening may result in the identification of aptamers that bind to the desired active site with high affinity.
Detection of high-risk Human Papillomavirus in prostate cancer from a UK based population
Authors: Ahmed M. Yahya , Salman Nadia Aziz , Sandhu Sarbjinder , Cakir M. Okan , Seddon Alan M. , Kuehne Christian , Ashrafi G. Hossein 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the sexually transmitted diseases which have been implicated in the etiology of multiple cancers. To date, several studies have been conducted to evaluate the incidence of high-risk (HR) HPV in prostate cancer (PCa) which have generated widely conflicting data. Hence, this leaves a lack of awareness on the causal role of persistent HPV infection in the development of PCa. Although this has been investigated in a handful of countries, to the best of our knowledge, no prior studies have been conducted in the UK. In this study, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing were implemented to analyze a total of 49 fresh prostate specimens (35 benign and 14 malignant specimens) for the presence of viral DNA of 12 HR-HPV types. Data obtained confirmed the presence of HR-HPV in 32.7% of analyzed benign and malignant prostate tissues with HPV 35 being identified as the most frequent type. Moreover, HR-HPV positivity rate was found to be higher in abnormal prostate tissues (adenocarcinoma and benign with prostatitis) compared those with normal prostate condition. Using immunohistochemistry, we have confirmed the expression of HPV E7 protein in prostate tissues positive for HPV DNA. This observation, the first reported from a UK population, suggests that the presence of HPV in prostate tissue is likely to be a related factor in the progression of certain cases of prostate cancer.
Spontaneous mutations in hlyD and tuf genes result in resistance of Dickeya solani IPO 2222 to phage ϕD5 but cause decreased bacterial fitness and virulence in planta
Authors: Sokolova Daryna , Smolarska Anna , Bartnik Przemysław , Rabalski Lukasz , Kosinski Maciej , Narajczyk Magdalena , Krzyżanowska Dorota M. , Rajewska Magdalena , Mruk Inez , Czaplewska Paulina , Jafra Sylwia , Czajkowski Robert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLytic bacteriophages able to infect and kill Dickeya spp. can be readily isolated from virtually all Dickeya spp. containing environments, yet little is known about the selective pressure those viruses exert on their hosts. Two spontaneous D. solani IPO 2222 mutants (0.8% of all obtained mutants), DsR34 and DsR207, resistant to infection caused by lytic phage vB_Dsol_D5 (ΦD5) were identified in this study that expressed a reduced ability to macerate potato tuber tissues compared to the wild-type, phage-susceptible D. solani IPO 2222 strain. Genome sequencing revealed that genes encoding: secretion protein HlyD (in mutant DsR34) and elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) (in mutant DsR207) were altered in these strains. These mutations impacted the DsR34 and DsR207 proteomes. Features essential for the ecological success of these mutants in a plant environment, including their ability to use various carbon and nitrogen sources, production of plant cell wall degrading enzymes, ability to form biofilms, siderophore production, swimming and swarming motility and virulence in planta were assessed. Compared to the wild-type strain, D. solani IPO 2222, mutants DsR34 and DsR207 had a reduced ability to macerate chicory leaves and to colonize and cause symptoms in growing potato plants.
Clinical implication of tissue carcinoembryonic antigen expression in association with serum carcinoembryonic antigen in colorectal cancer
Authors: Aldilaijan Abdulmohsin Fawzi , Kim Young Il , Kim Chan Wook , Yoon Yong Sik , Park In Ja , Lim Seok-Byung , Kim Jihun , Ro Jun-Soo , Kim Jin Cheon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) expression in tumor tissues of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The cohort included 7,412 patients with CRC from January 2010 to December 2015. Survival outcomes were assessed based on tissue CEA (t-CEA) patterns and intensities. Three-year (76.7% versus 81.3%) and 5-year (71.7% versus 77.6%, p < 0.001) disease-free survival (DFS) rates were significantly (p < 0.001) poorer in patients with a diffuse-cytoplasmic pattern than an apicoluminal pattern. Three-year (79% versus 86.6%) and 5-year (74.6% versus 84.7%) DFS rates were also significantly (p < 0.001) poorer in patients with high than low t-CEA intensity. Three-year (84.6% versus 88.4%) and 5-year (77.3% versus 82.6%) overall survival (OS) rates were significantly (p < 0.001) poorer in patients with diffuse-cytoplasmic than apicoluminal pattern of CEA expression, and both 3-year (86.7% versus 91.2%) and 5-year (80.1% versus 87.7%) OS rates were significantly (p < 0.001) poorer in patients with high than low t-CEA intensity. Multivariate analyses showed that high-intensity t-CEA was independently associated with DFS (p = 0.02; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.233) and OS (p = 0.032; HR = 1.228). Therefore, high-intensity t-CEA is a significant prognostic factor in CRC, independent of serum CEA (s-CEA), and can complement s-CEA in predicting survival outcomes after CRC resection.
A guided tour through α-helical peptide antibiotics and their targets
Authors: Preußke Nils , Sönnichsen Frank D. , Leippe Matthias 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Nowadays, not only biologists, but also researchers from other disciplines such as chemistry, pharmacy, material sciences, or physics are working with antimicrobial peptides. This review is written for researchers and students working in or interested in the field of antimicrobial peptides—and especially those who do not have a profound biological background. To lay the ground for a thorough discussion on how AMPs act on cells, the architectures of mammalian and bacterial cell envelopes are described in detail because they are important targets of AMPs and provide the basis for their selectivity. The modes of action of α-helical AMPs (αAMPs) are not limited to different models of membrane permeabilization, but also include the disruption of intracellular processes, as well as the formation of fibrillary structures and their potential implications for antimicrobial activity. As biofilm-related infections are very difficult to treat with conventional antibiotics, they pose a major problem in the clinic. Therefore, this review also discusses the biological background of biofilm infections and the mode of actions of αAMPs against biofilms. The last chapter focusses on the design of αAMPs by providing an overview of historic milestones in αAMP design. It describes how modern αAMP design is aiming to produce peptides suitable to be applied in the clinic. Hence, the article concludes with a section on translational research discussing the prospects of αAMPs and remaining challenges on their way into the clinic.
Comparing feature sets and machine-learning models for prediction of solar flares
Authors: Deshmukh V. , Baskar S. , Berger T. E. , Bradley E. , Meiss J. D. 
Published: May 2023

Context. Machine-learning methods for predicting solar flares typically employ physics-based features that have been carefully chosen by experts in order to capture the salient features of the photospheric magnetic fields of the Sun.
Aims. Though the sophistication and complexity of these models have grown over time, there has been little evolution in the choice of feature sets, or any systematic study of whether the additional model complexity leads to higher predictive skill.
Methods. This study compares the relative prediction performance of four different machine-learning based flare prediction models with increasing degrees of complexity. It evaluates three different feature sets as input to each model: a “traditional” physics-based feature set, a novel “shape-based” feature set derived from topological data analysis (TDA) of the solar magnetic field, and a combination of these two sets. A systematic hyperparameter tuning framework is employed in order to assure fair comparisons of the models across different feature sets. Finally, principal component analysis is used to study the effects of dimensionality reduction on these feature sets.
Results. It is shown that simpler models with fewer free parameters perform better than the more complicated models on the canonical 24-h flare forecasting problem. In other words, more complex machine-learning architectures do not necessarily guarantee better prediction performance. In addition, it is found that shape-based feature sets contain just as much useful information as physics-based feature sets for the purpose of flare prediction, and that the dimension of these feature sets – particularly the shape-based one – can be greatly reduced without impacting predictive accuracy.
Clustering of magnetic reconnection exhausts in the solar wind: An automated detection study
Authors: Fargette Naïs , Lavraud Benoît , Rouillard Alexis P. , Houdayer Pierre S. , Phan Tai D. , Øieroset Marit , Eastwood Jonathan P. , Nicolaou Georgios , Fedorov Andrei , Louarn Philippe , Owen Christopher J. , Horbury Tim S. 
Published: May 2023

Context. Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental process in astrophysical plasmas that enables the dissipation of magnetic energy at kinetic scales. Detecting this process in situ is therefore key to furthering our understanding of energy conversion in space plasmas. However, reconnection jets typically scale from seconds to minutes in situ, and as such, finding them in the decades of data provided by solar wind missions since the beginning of the space era is an onerous task.
Aims. In this work, we present a new approach for automatically identifying reconnection exhausts in situ in the solar wind. We apply the algorithm to Solar Orbiter data obtained while the spacecraft was positioned at between 0.6 and 0.8 AU and perform a statistical study on the jets we detect.
Methods. The method for automatic detection is inspired by the visual identification process and strongly relies on the Walén relation. It is enhanced through the use of Bayesian inference and physical considerations to detect reconnection jets with a consistent approach.
Results. Applying the detection algorithm to one month of Solar Orbiter data near 0.7 AU, we find an occurrence rate of seven jets per day, which is significantly higher than in previous studies performed at 1 AU. We show that they tend to cluster in the solar wind and are less likely to occur in the tenuous solar wind (< 10 cm−3 near 0.7 AU). We discuss why the source and the degree of Alfvénicity of the solar wind might have an impact on magnetic reconnection occurrence.
Conclusions. By providing a tool to quickly identify potential magnetic reconnection exhausts in situ, we pave the way for broader statistical studies on magnetic reconnection in diverse plasma environments.
Chemo-, Regio-, and Stereoselective Access to (E)-Boryl-Substituted Allyl Fluorides via Electrophilic Fluorodesilylation
Authors: Cho Seung Hwan , Jung Yongsuk 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHerein, we report a transition-metal-free chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective electrophilic fluorodesilylation of α-silyl-substituted allylboronate esters. α-Silyl-substituted allylboronate esters can be chemoselectively coupled with Selectfluor, resulting in a variety of (E)-boryl-substituted allyl fluorides in good yields with γ- and (E)-selectivities. The utilities of the obtained (E)-boryl-substituted allyl fluorides are highlighted by further modifications to afford allyl or alkyl fluoride derivatives.
Comparison of Diastereoselective ortho-Metalations and C–H ­Activations of Chiral Ferrocenes
Authors: Šebesta Radovan , Čarný Tomáš 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChiral ferrocene derivatives possessing a planar stereogenic unit are important as chiral catalysts and materials. The principle method to obtain 1,2-disubstituted planarly chiral ferrocenes is base-mediated ortho-metalation performed on a chiral ferrocene derivative, typically using organolithium bases. A multitude of chiral ligands and other useful compounds have been synthesized by using this methodology. Newer methodologies employing transition-metal-catalyzed C–H bond activation strategies complement ortho-metalation methods and affords access to different types of planar chiral ferrocene derivatives.1	Introduction2	Base-Mediated ortho-Deprotonations3	Diastereoselective C–H Activations4	Examples of Enantioselective C–H Activations5	Conclusions
Die Wirkung von autologen Serumaugentropfen bei therapieresistenten Erosiones und Ulcera der Kornea bei eigenem im Vergleich zu transplantiertem Gewebe
Authors: Leonhard Marie , Turner Christina , Langenbucher Achim , Flockerzi Elias , Seitz Berthold 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Wirkung von 100% autologen Serumaugentropfen bei therapieresistenten Erosiones und Ulcera corneae auf der eigenen Hornhaut vs.
transplantierter Hornhaut zu vergleichen.
Patienten und Methoden In einer retrospektiven Studie über 7 Jahre wurden 263 Behandlungen mit autologen Serumaugentropfen bei therapieresistenten Epitheldefekten untersucht, die
zwischen 2007 und 2014 auftraten. Unterschieden wurde, ob der Epitheldefekt (Erosio [88%] vs. Ulcus corneae [12%]) sich auf dem Hornhauttransplantat (48,1%) oder auf der eigenen Hornhaut
(51,9%) befand. Zielgröße war der komplette Epithelschluss innerhalb von 28 Tagen Therapie. Die Rezidivrate im Verlauf wurde ebenfalls untersucht.
Ergebnisse Bei 88,2% der behandelten Defekte kam es innerhalb von 28 Behandlungstagen zu einem kompletten Epithelschluss. Bei 5,1% der erfolgreich geschlossenen Defekte kam es nach
Abschluss der 1-monatigen Therapie zu einem Rezidiv. Es zeigte sich kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen der Erfolgsrate von transplantiertem Hornhautgewebe (88,6%) oder eigenem
Hornhautgewebe (87,8%; p = 0,137). Die Rezidivrate lag bei transplantierter Hornhaut bei 6,4%, bei der eigenen Hornhaut bei 1,7%. Bei Ulcera (74,2%) zeigte sich eine signifikant reduzierte
Erfolgsrate im Vergleich zu den Erosiones (90,3%; p < 0,001). 4,4% der Erosiones und 4,3% der Ulcera rezidivierten im Verlauf.
Schlussfolgerungen Die autologen Serumaugentropfen stellen eine gute, nicht invasive und sichere Therapiealternative bei therapieresistenten Epitheldefekten dar, ohne signifikanten
Unterschied der Wirkung bei Epitheldefekten auf der eigenen Hornhaut und transplantierter Hornhaut. Die Erfolgsrate, aber nicht die Rezidivrate ist bei Hornhautulcera signifikant geringer
als bei Erosiones corneae.