bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital myasthenic syndromes: A study of 15 cases
Authors: Khadilkar Satish V. , Oza Harsh , Dhonde Pramod , Patel Bhagyadhan , Singla Madhu bala , Patel Riddhi , Dastur Rashna , Gaitode Pradnya , Halani Hiral , Mansukhani Khushnuma , Dhonde Mayura 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundCongenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are rare inherited heterogeneous disorders of neuromuscular transmission.Aims and methodologyThis study aims to describe clinical and investigative characteristics including genetic aspects of patients with congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS), in a cohort from western India. Retrospective analysis for the study period of 9 years (−January 2013 to December 2021) was performed. Patients were identified by predefined selection criteria using a combination of clinical, electrophysiological, and genetic studies.ResultsFifteen genetically evaluated CMS patients, 11 females, and 4 males were identified. Ten patients had a history of fatigable ptosis at an early age, whereas all patients had varying degrees of proximal weakness at the time of presentation. The mean age at onset was 16 years and the mean age at final diagnosis was 22 years, thereby representing a mean delay in diagnosis of 6 years. Among the total 13 different genetic mutations identified, 4 are not previously reported. The most common genetic mutations identified were CHRNE gene (in 7 patients) followed by DOK7 gene (in 6 patients), and the remaining 2 patients had mutation in MUSK gene. Roma founder mutation (c.1327delG, p.E443ter) was seen in 5 patients with CHRNE gene. Four patients responded to pyridostigmine alone, 7 patients to salbutamol, whereas 4 patients required a combination of pyridostigmine and salbutamol.ConclusionThis study, carried out in a small cohort of patients, highlights the frequent occurrence of Roma founder mutation in our population, and the predominance of CHRNE and DOK7 gene mutations, points of regional importance. Four novel variants were also identified in the genetic studies carried out.
Somatic embryo initiation by rice BABY BOOM1 involves activation of zygote‐expressed auxin biosynthesis genes
Authors: Khanday Imtiyaz , Santos‐Medellín Christian , Sundaresan Venkatesan 
Published: January 2023

Summary

Plant embryogenesis results from the fusion of male and female gametes but can also be induced in somatic cells. The molecular pathways for embryo initiation are poorly understood, especially in monocots. In rice, the male gamete expressed BABY BOOM1 (OsBBM1) transcription factor functions as an embryogenic trigger in the zygote and can also promote somatic embryogenesis when ectopically expressed in somatic tissues.

We used gene editing, transcriptome profiling, and chromatin immunoprecipitation to determine the molecular players involved in embryo initiation downstream of OsBBM1.

We identify OsYUCCA (OsYUC) auxin biosynthesis genes as direct targets of OsBBM1. Unexpectedly, these OsYUC targets in zygotes are expressed only from the maternal genome, whereas the paternal genome exclusively provides functional OsBBM1 to initiate embryogenesis. Induction of somatic embryogenesis by exogenous auxin requires OsBBM genes and downstream OsYUC targets. Ectopic OsBBM1 initiates somatic embryogenesis without exogenous auxins but requires functional OsYUC genes.

Thus, an OsBBM‐OsYUC module is a key player for both somatic and zygotic embryogenesis in rice. Zygotic embryo initiation involves a partnership of male and female genomes, through which paternal OsBBM1 activates maternal OsYUC genes. In somatic embryogenesis, exogenous auxin triggers OsBBM1 expression, which then activates endogenous auxin biosynthesis OsYUC genes.
Improving species delimitation for effective conservation: a case study in the endemic maple‐leaf oak (Quercus acerifolia)
Authors: Wu Yingtong , Hipp Andrew L. , Fargo Gregory , Stith Nora , Ricklefs Robert E. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Species delimitation is challenging in lineages that exhibit both high plasticity and introgression. This challenge can be compounded by collection biases, which may downweight specimens morphologically intermediate between traditional species. Additionally, mismatch between named species and observable phenotypes can compromise species conservation.
We studied the species boundaries of Quercus acerifolia, a tree endemic to Arkansas, U.S. We performed morphometric analyses of leaves and acorns from 527 field and 138 herbarium samples of Q. acerifolia and its close relatives, Q. shumardii and Q. rubra. We employed two novel approaches: sampling ex situ collections to detect phenotypic plasticity caused by environmental variation and comparing random field samples with historical herbarium samples to identify collection biases that might undermine species delimitation. To provide genetic evidence, we also performed molecular analyses on genome‐wide SNPs.
Quercus acerifolia shows distinctive morphological, ecological, and genomic characteristics, rejecting the hypothesis that Q. acerifolia is a phenotypic variant of Q. shumardii. We found mismatches between traditional taxonomy and phenotypic clusters. We detected underrepresentation of morphological intermediates in herbarium collections, which may bias species discovery and recognition.
Rare species conservation requires considering and addressing taxonomic problems related to phenotypic plasticity, mismatch between taxonomy and morphological clusters, and collection biases.
Real‐Time Monitoring of Bubbles and Crashes
Authors: Whitehouse Emily J. , Harvey David I. , Leybourne Stephen J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGiven the financial and economic damage that can be caused by the collapse of an asset price bubble, it is of critical importance to rapidly detect the onset of a crash once a bubble has been identified. We develop a real‐time monitoring procedure for detecting a crash episode in a time series. We adopt an autoregressive framework, with bubble and crash regimes modelled by explosive and stationary dynamics, respectively. The first stage of our approach is to monitor for a bubble; conditional on which, we monitor for a crash in real time as new data emerges. Our crash detection procedure employs a statistic based on the different signs of the means of the first differences associated with explosive and stationary regimes, and critical values are obtained using a training period of data. We show that the procedure has desirable asymptotic properties in terms of its ability to rapidly detect a crash while never indicating a crash earlier than one occurs. Monte Carlo simulations further demonstrate that our procedure can offer a well‐controlled false positive rate during a bubble regime. Application to the US housing market demonstrates the efficacy of our procedure in rapidly detecting the house price crash of 2006.
Pre‐procedural imaging and atrial tachycardia ablation in a patient with complex congenital heart disease
Authors: Ekrem Turan Oğuzhan , Yilancioğlu Reşit Yiğit , İnevi Umut , Özcan Emin Evren 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAtrial tachycardias (AT) are common cardiac arrhythmia disorder for congenital heart disease (CHD). The anatomic substrate that surgical suture lines, scar tissue, or prosthetic material may cause pre‐existing atrial conduction abnormalities which leads to the underlying mechanism of reentrant ATs. Radiofrequency Catheter ablation (RFCA) is used in the treatment of atrial tachycardia in CHD patients. However venous system abnormalities may complicate the procedure. We report that ablation of a case with atrial tachycardia with challenging anatomy (persistent left superior vena cava draining into the left atrium, coronary sinus agenesis, inferior vena cava (IVC) agenesis, azygos system drained to the superior vena cava, and repaired ventricular septal defect). This case report discusses the key points of access to cardiac chambers and mapping in very rare challenging anatomy.
RootSlice—A novel functional‐structural model for root anatomical phenotypes
Authors: Sidhu Jagdeep Singh , Ajmera Ishan , Arya Sankalp , Lynch Jonathan P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRoot anatomy is an important determinant of root metabolic costs, soil exploration, and soil resource capture. Root anatomy varies substantially within and among plant species. RootSlice is a multicellular functional‐structural model of root anatomy developed to facilitate the analysis and understanding of root anatomical phenotypes. RootSlice can capture phenotypically accurate root anatomy in three dimensions of different root classes and developmental zones, of both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species. Several case studies are presented illustrating the capabilities of the model. For maize nodal roots, the model illustrated the role of vacuole expansion in cell elongation; and confirmed the individual and synergistic role of increasing root cortical aerenchyma and reducing the number of cortical cell files in reducing root metabolic costs. Integration of RootSlice for different root zones as the temporal properties of the nodal roots in the whole‐plant and soil model OpenSimRoot/maize enabled the multiscale evaluation of root anatomical phenotypes, highlighting the role of aerenchyma formation in enhancing the utility of cortical cell files for improving plant performance over varying soil nitrogen supply. Such integrative in silico approaches present avenues for exploring the fitness landscape of root anatomical phenotypes.
Taking Risks on Behalf of Another
Authors: Thoma Johanna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA growing number of decision theorists have, in recent years, defended the view that rationality is permissive under risk: Different rational agents may be more or less risk‐averse or risk‐inclined. This can result in them making different choices under risk even if they value outcomes in exactly the same way. One pressing question that arises once we grant such permissiveness is what attitude to risk we should implement when choosing on behalf of other people. Are we permitted to implement any of the rationally permissible risk attitudes, is there some specific risk attitude that is required when choosing for others, or are we required to defer to the risk attitudes of the people on whose behalf we are choosing? This article elaborates on this question, explains its wider practical and theoretical significance, provides an overview of existing answers, and explores how to go about providing a more systematic account of how to choose on behalf of others in risky contexts.
Frequentist model averaging for envelope models
Authors: Gao Ziwen , Zou Jiahui , Zhang Xinyu , Ma Yanyuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe envelope method produces efficient estimation in multivariate linear regression, and is widely applied in biology, psychology, and economics. This paper estimates parameters through a model averaging methodology and promotes the predicting abilities of the envelope models. We propose a frequentist model averaging method by minimizing a cross‐validation criterion. When all the candidate models are misspecified, the proposed model averaging estimator is proved to be asymptotically optimal. When correct candidate models exist, the coefficient estimator is proved to be consistent, and the sum of the weights assigned to the correct models, in probability, converges to one. Simulations and an empirical application demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Storage differentially impacts alloimmunization to distinct red cell antigens following transfusion in mice
Authors: Maier Cheryl L. , Jajosky Ryan P. , Patel Seema R. , Verkerke Hans P. , Fuller Megan D. , Allen Jerry William , Zerra Patricia E. , Fasano Ross M. , Chonat Satheesh , Josephson Cassandra D. , Gibb David R. , Eisenbarth Stephanie C. , Luckey C. John , Hudson Krystalyn E. , Hendrickson Jeanne E. , Arthur Connie M. , Stowell Sean R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe impact of blood storage on red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization remains controversial, with some studies suggesting enhancement of RBC‐induced alloantibody production and others failing to observe any impact of storage on alloantibody formation. Since evaluation of storage on RBC alloimmunization in patients has examined antibody formation against a broad range of alloantigens, it remains possible that different clinical outcomes reflect a variable impact of storage on alloimmunization to specific antigens.MethodsRBCs expressing two distinct model antigens, HEL‐OVA‐Duffy (HOD) and KEL, separately or together (HOD × KEL), were stored for 0, 8, or 14 days, followed by detection of antigen levels prior to transfusion. Transfused donor RBC survival was assessed within 24 h of transfusion, while IgM and IgG antibody production were assessed 5 and 14 days after transfusion.ResultsStored HOD or KEL RBCs retained similar HEL or KEL antigen levels, respectively, as fresh RBCs, but did exhibit enhanced RBC clearance with increased storage age. Storage enhanced IgG antibody formation against HOD, while the oppositive outcome occurred following transfusion of stored KEL RBCs. The distinct impact of storage on HOD or KEL alloimmunization did not appear to reflect intrinsic differences between HOD or KEL RBCs, as transfusion of stored HOD × KEL RBCs resulted in increased IgG anti‐HOD antibody development and reduced IgG anti‐KEL antibody formation.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate a dichotomous impact of storage on immunization to distinct RBC antigens, offering a possible explanation for inconsistent clinical experience and the need for additional studies on the relationship between RBC storage and alloimmunization.
Mitigation of therapeutic anti‐CD38 antibody interference with fab fragments: How well does it perform?
Authors: Habicht Cora P. , Ridders Michael , Grueger Daniela , Adolph Svenja , Immenschuh Stephan , Schneeweiss Clemens 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdministration of anti‐CD38 antibodies is a state‐of‐the‐art therapy for patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM). However, this treatment frequently leads to pan‐agglutination of red blood cells (RBCs) in patients' serological testing making accurate blood typing and timely transfusion of compatible blood a challenging effort. The antigen masking indirect antiglobulin test (AMIAT) is an approach to address this diagnostic challenge.Study Design and MethodsA new reagent, called DaraEx plus, uses anti‐CD38 Fab fragments to mitigate the anti‐CD38 antibody interference in serological assays by masking CD38 on the cell surface. Its performance is extensively examined with commercial sera as well as with patient samples, and compared to the current standard method using dithiothreitol (DTT), which denatures the CD38 antigens on test panel erythrocytes.ResultsIn the Bio‐Rad ID System, DaraEx plus effectively mitigated the interference caused by anti‐CD38 antibodies in 86% of patient samples tested while DTT was successful in only 68%. Moreover, there was no negative influence on DTT‐sensitive blood group systems such as KEL upon DaraEx plus treatment. The agglutination reactions of all tested anti‐CD38 antibodies (Daratumumab, Felzartamab, and Isatuximab) were inhibited by DaraEx plus. The treatment was successful only if DaraEx plus was added to the test cells before the sample. Some of the other gel card systems tested showed background reactions with DaraEx plus‐treated cells.ConclusionDaraEx plus treatment is straightforward and quick to perform. In the Bio‐Rad ID System, it is superior to DTT treatment in the prevention of anti‐CD38 antibody interference.
A COMPARISON BETWEEN INCLINED SHEAR REINFORCEMENT AND LOOP SHEAR REINFORCEMENT ON RC BEAM: FINITE ELEMENT APPROACH
Authors: Anik Md.Fazla Rabbi , Nur Towsif Mahdi , Zubaer Abdur Razzak , Ahmed Imtiaz Uddin , Zahura Fatema-Tuz- 
Published: January 2023

In this present study, a numerical analysis has been performed to compare the shear resisting capacities between beams with conventional loop stirrup and inclined stirrup. Resisting the shear force is one of the key features of stirrups. A rarely used and uncommon inclined stirrup setup is analyzed in this study and new findings are compared with the results of loop stirrup. Two sets of beams (150x300x1960mm) are analyzed to determine the ultimate shear force resisting capacities, displacement, and stress resistance capacities. It was observed that the beam with an inclined stirrup showed ultimate shear resistance up to 187.24 KN compared to the beam with a loop stirrup setup which was 114.24 KN. Displacement of the inclined stirrup setup and the loop stirrup setup was 2.38 mm and 4.21 mm. Stress resistance and distribution pattern was also improved upon using inclined stirrup. Flexural and Shear Crack patterns of the beams at the ultimate load are also predicted from numerical analysis. Numerical study has been carried out by using Finite Element Software ABAQUS. Finally, these results were also compared with the theoretical formula available in the literature to justify the numerical analysis.
Mixture Distribution in Spark Ignited Port Fuel Injection Engines: A Review
Authors: Nayek Soumyanil , Mittal Mayank 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Modern gasoline engines have to meet increased stringent emission requirements along with the demand of a better fuel economy. This has led to a transition from carburetor to port fuel injection (PFI) mode in developing world for engines comprising mostly of two- and three-wheeler segments and small-scale power generation sets. Therefore, a thorough understanding on mixture formation and combustion phenomenon is needed to further enhance PFI engines. Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) has proved to be a successful optical diagnostic technique that can provide very high spatial resolution images of fuel distribution in the region of interest. This has led to a direct visualization of fuel distribution with evaluation of both spatial and temporal variations. It has furthered understanding of various engines parameters that affect mixture formation process. Various exciting concepts about fuel stratification have been proposed over the years for enhanced engine operations at lean equivalence ratios. These have been verified and optimized by information gathered from PLIF. In this review article, the authors explain mixture formation process right from the point of fuel injection in intake manifold, the subsequent formation of fuel films and its impact on engine operation. Several PLIF studies on fuel distribution, its spatial and cycle-to-cycle inhomogeneities, effects of injection timing, flow field, equivalence ratio and engine speed on mixture formation have been discussed in separate subsections. Furthermore, studies involving concepts of fuel stratification have also been briefly discussed.
High-Intensity Interval Training, Performance, and Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Highly Trained Traditional Rowers
Authors: Mujika Iñigo , Bourdillon Nicolas , González De Txabarri Rafa , Millet Gregoire P. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Oxygen uptake kinetics (VO2kinetics) is a measure of an athlete’s capacity to respond to variations in energy demands. Faster VO2kinetics is associated with better performance in endurance sports, but optimal training methods to improve VO2kinetics remain unclear. This study compared the effects of 2 high-intensity interval-training (HIIT) programs on traditional rowing performance and VO2kinetics. Methods: Twelve highly trained rowers performed one of two 6-week HIIT protocols: either 3-minute repetitions at 90% (HIIT90; n = 5) of peak aerobic power (PAP) or 90-second repetitions at 100% (HIIT100; n = 7) of PAP. Before (PRE) and after (POST) the training intervention, they performed an incremental test to exhaustion to determine the individual lactate threshold, onset of blood lactate accumulation and PAP, and two 6-minute rest-to-exercise transitions to determine VO2kinetics. Results: No significant changes (P > .05) were observed for rowing ergometer power output at individual lactate threshold (HIIT90 PRE 255 [12], POST 264 [13]; HIIT100 247 [24], 266 [28] W), onset of blood lactate accumulation (279 [12], 291 [16]; 269 [23], 284 [32] W), or PAP (359 [13], 381 [15]; 351 [21], 363 [29] W) or for any parameters of VO2kinetics. No differences were observed between HIIT interventions. Conclusion: The HIIT interventions did not induce significant performance or VO2kinetics improvements, although mean power output at individual lactate threshold, onset of blood lactate accumulation, and PAP increased by 5.7%, 5.0%, and 4.5%, respectively. This suggests that the exact intensity and duration of HIIT sessions performed in the same intensity domain may be of lesser importance than other well-established influential factors (eg, training volume progression, training intensity distribution, altitude training) to develop aerobic qualities in endurance athletes.
Evolution of scalar field resonances in a braneworld
Authors: Tan Qin , Zhang Yu-Peng , Guo Wen-Di , Chen Jing , Zhu Chun-Chun , Liu Yu-Xiao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the numerical evolution of massive Kaluza–Klein (KK) modes of a scalar field in a thick brane. We derive the Klein–Gordon equation in five-dimensional spacetime, and obtain the evolution equation and the Schrödinger-like equation. With the resonances of the scalar KK modes as the initial data, the scalar field is evolved with the maximally dissipative boundary condition. The results show that there are scalar KK resonant particles with long life on the brane, which indicates that these resonances might be regarded as a candidate for dark matter.
QNMs of slowly rotating Einstein–Bumblebee black hole
Authors: Liu Wentao , Fang Xiongjun , Jing Jiliang , Wang Jieci 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe have studied the quasinormal modes (QNMs) of a slowly rotating black hole with Lorentz-violating parameter in Einstein–Bumblebee gravity. We analyse the slow rotation approximation of the rotating black hole in the Einstein–Bumblebee gravity, and obtain the master equations for scalar perturbation, vector perturbation and axial gravitational perturbation, respectively. Using the matrix method and the continuous fraction method, we numerically calculate the QNM frequencies. In particular, for scalar field, it shows that the QNMs up to the second order of rotation parameter have higher accuracy. The numerical results show that, for both scalar and vector fields, the Lorentz-violating parameter has a significant effect on the imaginary part of the QNM frequencies, while having a relatively smaller impact on the real part of the QNM frequencies. But for axial gravitational perturbation, the effect of increasing the Lorentz-violating parameter $$\ell $$
ℓ
is similar to that of increasing the rotation parameter $${\tilde{a}}$$

a
~

.
Broadening the Reign of God in Every Sphere: Understanding Christian Action between Church and State in Schleiermacher’s Philosophical and Christian Ethics
Authors: Law Easten 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article investigates Schleiermacher’s ethics in relation to two important questions in public theology: how should a Christian negotiate their religious and civic identities in between church and state and how should this relationship direct Christian life and action? In his Philosophical Ethics, the spheres of the state and church carry distinct roles and responsibilities toward attaining the highest good. In his Christian Ethics, the conception of broadening action in the outer sphere prescribes how Christians ought to expand the reign of God. Integrating insights from both sources shows Schleiermacher’s commitment to the church as the central medium of communication for expanding the redemptive work of Christ through a collective embodiment of God-consciousness. This work can come alongside the state’s work for national unity but it is never beholden to it because Christians are ultimately called to a greater mission to expand God’s reign in all spheres of human community.