bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-dimensional analysis reveals an immune atlas and novel neutrophil clusters in the lungs of model animals with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-induced pneumonia
Authors: Li Na , Zhu Junhui , Chen Peiru , Bao Chuntong , Wang Jun , Abdelaal Tamim , Chen Dexi , Zhu Sibo , Wang Wenjing , Mao Jiangnan , Scicluna Brendon P. , Koning Frits , Li Fengyang , Lei Liancheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDue to the increase in bacterial resistance, improving the anti-infectious immunity of the host is rapidly becoming a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of bacterial pneumonia. However, the specific lung immune responses and key immune cell subsets involved in bacterial infection are obscure. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) can cause porcine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious respiratory disease that has caused severe economic losses in the swine industry. Here, using high-dimensional mass cytometry, the major immune cell repertoire in the lungs of mice with APP infection was profiled. Various phenotypically distinct neutrophil subsets and Ly-6C+ inflammatory monocytes/macrophages accumulated post-infection. Moreover, a linear differentiation trajectory from inactivated to activated to apoptotic neutrophils corresponded with the stages of uninfected, onset, and recovery of APP infection. CD14+ neutrophils, which mainly increased in number during the recovery stage of infection, were revealed to have a stronger ability to produce cytokines, especially IL-10 and IL-21, than their CD14− counterparts. Importantly, MHC-II+ neutrophils with antigen-presenting cell features were identified, and their numbers increased in the lung after APP infection. Similar results were further confirmed in the lungs of piglets infected with APP and Klebsiella pneumoniae infection by using a single-cell RNA-seq technique. Additionally, a correlation analysis between cluster composition and the infection process yielded a dynamic and temporally associated immune landscape where key immune clusters, including previously unrecognized ones, marked various stages of infection. Thus, these results reveal the characteristics of key neutrophil clusters and provide a detailed understanding of the immune response to bacterial pneumonia.
Effects of ambient air pollutants on ARDS incidence and outcome: a narrative review
Authors: Gutman Laëtitia , Pauly Vanessa , Papazian Laurent , Roch Antoine 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Exposure to air pollutants promotes inflammation, cancer, and mortality in chronic diseases. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common condition among intensive care unit patients and is associated with a high mortality rate. ARDS is characterized by significant lung inflammation, which can be replicated in animal models by acute exposure to high doses of various air pollutants. Recently, several clinical studies have been conducted in different countries to investigate the role of chronic or acute air pollutant exposure in enhancing both ARDS incidence and severity.

Results
Chronic exposure studies have mainly been conducted in the US and France. The results of these studies suggest that some air pollutants, notably ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter, increase susceptibility to ARDS and associated mortality. Furthermore, their impact may differ according to the cause of ARDS. A cohort study conducted in an urbanized zone in China showed that exposure to very high levels of air pollutants in the few days preceding intensive care unit admission was associated with an increased incidence of ARDS. The effects of acute exposure are more debatable regarding ARDS incidence and severity.

Conclusion
There is a likely relationship between air pollutant exposure and ARDS incidence and severity. However, further studies are required to determine which pollutants are the most involved and which patients are the most affected. Due to the prevalence of ARDS, air pollutant exposure may have a significant impact and could be a key public health issue.
T-cell lymphoma infiltrating the uterus and ovaries of a Golden Retriever: a case report
Authors: Jo Jaeyeop , Son Mingyun , Chae Yeon , Yun Taesik , Koo Yoonhoi , Lee Dohee , Kang Hyun-Gu , Kang Byeong-Teck , Yang Mhan-Pyo , Kim Hakhyun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of female genital system infiltration of T-cell lymphoma in veterinary literature.

Case presentation
A 1.5-year-old, intact female Golden Retriever was referred due to melena and hyporexia that lasted for three weeks. Fever (40.5℃), tachycardia, tachypnoea, pale mucous membranes, and purulent vaginal discharge were identified on physical examination. Blood analyses revealed leucocytosis, anaemia, hypoalbuminemia, and increased lactate and C-reactive protein levels. On abdominal radiography, the small intestine was moderately deviated because of an oval-shaped mass (13 cm × 8.7 cm) located in the mid-abdomen. An enlarged tubular-shaped structure that had the opacity of soft tissue located in dorsal to the bladder to the middle of the abdomen, and an oval-shaped mass (5.28 cm × 3.26 cm), which was suspected to be a medial iliac lymph node located at the sixth to seventh lumbar level. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed gas and fluid in the lumen of the uterine horn with a severely thickened wall, round enlarged lymph nodes around the genitourinary system, and free fluid in the abdominal cavity. Based on these results, pyometra was suspected, and an exploratory laparotomy was performed for ovariohysterectomy. The resected ovary and uterus were macroscopically hypertrophied. Histopathological examination of the ovary and uterus revealed neoplastic proliferation of large round cells with strong immunoreactivity for CD3, indicating T-cell lymphoma. Therefore, the young dog was diagnosed with genital lymphoma.

Conclusions
The present report describes T-cell lymphoma infiltrating the uterus and ovaries in a young dog, which is rarely diagnosed and could aid in the differential diagnosis of genital diseases in young dogs.
Assessment of symptoms in COMET-ICE, a phase 2/3 study of sotrovimab for early treatment of non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Authors: Satram Sacha , Ghafoori Parima , Reyes Carolina M. , Keeley Tom J. H. , Birch Helen J. , Brintziki Dimitra , Aldinger Melissa , Alexander Elizabeth , Lopuski Amanda , Sarkis Elias H. , Gupta Anil , Shapiro Adrienne E. , Powers John H. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The COMET-ICE trial demonstrated that sotrovimab clinically and statistically significantly reduces the risk of all-cause > 24-h hospitalization or death due to any cause among patients with COVID-19 at high risk of disease progression. Patient-reported outcomes are important to capture symptom burden of COVID-19 and assess treatment effectiveness. This study investigated symptoms and their impact over the acute phase of COVID-19 infection among patients on sotrovimab versus placebo.

Methods
Randomized (1:1), double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled, phase 2/3 study in 57 centers across five countries. Participants were non-hospitalized patients with symptomatic, mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and ≥ 1 baseline risk factor for disease progression (aged ≥ 55 years or ≥ 1 of the following: diabetes requiring medication, obesity, chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or moderate-to-severe asthma). An intravenous infusion of sotrovimab 500 mg or placebo was administered on Day 1. The FLU-PRO Plus questionnaire was administered once-daily with 24-h recall from Day 1–21, and at Day 29. Intensity and duration of COVID-19 symptoms were determined from area under the curve (AUC) and mean change in total and individual domain scores through Days 7, 14, and 21. Time to symptom alleviation was assessed.

Results
In total, 1057 patients were randomized to sotrovimab (n = 528) or placebo (n = 529). At Day 7, mean decrease in FLU-PRO Plus total score (measured by AUC) was statistically significantly greater for patients on sotrovimab (–3.05 [95% confidence interval (CI) –3.27 to –2.83]) than placebo (–1.98 [95% CI –2.20 to –1.76]; difference –1.07 [95% CI –1.38 to –0.76]; p < 0.001). Significant differences were also observed at Days 14 and 21. A more rapid decline in symptom severity was observed with sotrovimab versus placebo through Week 1 and the first 21 days post-treatment. By Day 21, 41% of patients on sotrovimab and 34% on placebo reported symptom resolution. In a post-hoc analysis, median time to symptom alleviation was 4 and 6 days, respectively.

Conclusions
Sotrovimab provides significant and rapid improvements in patient-reported COVID-19 symptoms, as measured by the FLU-PRO Plus. These results further show the benefits of sotrovimab in alleviating symptoms among high-risk patients with COVID-19.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.Gov: NCT04545060 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04545060). Date of registration: September 10, 2020 (retrospectively registered).
Correlation between HER2/neu protein overexpression on Immunohistochemistry and Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization (FISH) in breast carcinoma: Problems in developing countries
Authors: Zubaria Mukhtar  , Amina Faisal  , Mudassir Ghazala , Nadira Mamoon  
Published: September 2023

Objective: To correlate the results of HER2/neu protein overexpression on immunohistochemistry (IHC) and gene amplification on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and to document the problems faced in performing FISH procedure.
Methods: This was an observational retrospective study covering five years from January 1st, 2015 - December 31st, 2019 at Histopathology Department of Shifa International Hospital (SIH), Islamabad. All cases of breast cancer that underwent florescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were retrieved. Correlation between HER2/neu overexpression on IHC and its amplification on FISH was analyzed. Problems in application of FISH were recorded.
Results: Out of 451 cases submitted for HER2/neu testing by FISH, 68 cases (15%) were rejected. Gene amplification was seen in 139 (36.29%) cases. Total cases with HER2/neu IHC score of 2+ were 330 cases and out of which gene amplification was seen in 98 cases (29.69%) whereas 93.1% (41/44) 3+ IHC cases were amplified. Poor fixation, inadequate amount of tumor with crushing artefacts and dye application to the biopsy fragments were causes of sample rejection.
Conclusions: Her2/neu amplification was seen in most Her2/neu 3+ cases and approximately one-third of Her2neu 2+ cases. Proper fixation, adequate biopsy material with standardized processing is required to yield useful results on FISH.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.6704
How to cite this: Mukhtar Z, Faisal A, Mudassir G, Mamoon N. Correlation between HER2/neu protein overexpression on Immunohistochemistry and Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization (FISH) in breast carcinoma: Problems in developing countries. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.6704
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Frequency of extra pulmonary complications in critically ill COVID-19 patients and their association with inflammatory markers and hypoxia: Retrospective analysis at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Hanif Sadaf , Sohaib Muhammad , Talha Syed , Rayani Asma 
Published: September 2023

Background and Objective: This study aimed to determine the incidence of extra pulmonary complications among critically ill COVID-19 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and association of these complications with various inflammatory markers and degree of hypoxia.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 173 adults in Karachi having COVID-19 and were admitted to ICU in a tertiary care private hospital between August 2020 to July 2021.
Results: The median age of patients included in the analysis was 61 years (IQR; 16). Acute kidney injury, septic shock, cardiac injury, and electrolytes imbalance were the most frequent extra pulmonary complications with proportion of 65.3% (n=113), 63.6% (n=110), 61.8% (n=107) and 33.5% (n=58). Statistically significant differences in the median serum levels of ferritin were observed among male versus female, critically ill covid patients with and without ICU mortality as well as patients with and without hospital mortality (p-value <0.05). Significantly higher serum levels of d-dimer were noted among patients who developed acute liver injury or NSTEMI, or had ICU stay of > 3 days or received mechanical ventilation for >2 days.
Conclusion: Acute kidney injury, septic shock, cardiac injury, and electrolytes imbalance were the most common extra pulmonary complications among mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients with ARDS. Higher serum d-dimer levels were associated with acute liver injury, NSTEMI, ICU stay longer >3 days and invasive mechanical ventilation >2 days. Higher serum ferritin levels are associated with male sex and serve as an important predictor of ICU as well as hospital mortality.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7380
How to cite this: Hanif S, Sohaib M, Talha S, Rayani A. Frequency of extra pulmonary complications in critically ill COVID-19 patients and their association with inflammatory markers and hypoxia: Retrospective analysis at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7380
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Χω/ορο-γραφώντας την Αμερική
Authors: Ραπατζίκου Τατιανή Γ. , Γεμενετζή-Μαλαθούνη Σμάτη 
Published: September 2023

O συλλογικός αυτός τόμος αποτελεί μια διεπιστημονική προσέγγιση της έννοιας του χώρου και της κίνησης εντός και μέσω αυτού σε συνάρτηση με την Αμερικανική λογοτεχνία και πολιτισμό. Συγκεκριμένα τα άρθρα επιδιώκουν να φωτίσουν ενδιαφέρουσες εκφάνσεις της αμερικανικής πολιτισμικής ταυτότητας και του αμερικανικού χω/ορο-χάρτη διερευνώντας ζητήματα που άπτονται της λογοτεχνίας (έντυπης και ηλεκτρονικής), της τέχνης, του αστικού περιβάλλοντος, της φυλετικής ταυτότητας, της μουσικής, του χορού, των παραστατικών τεχνών, της ψηφιακής τεχνολογίας και της φωτογραφίας. Τα άρθρα χωρίζονται σε τρεις ενότητες όπως «Κειμενικές Γεω-γραφίες», «Χωρικές ανακατατάξεις» και «Δια-Ατλαντικές συνομιλίες» στην προσπάθεια να παρουσιαστούν τα θέματα υπό μελέτη από διαφορετικές οπτικές γωνίες αλλά και θεωρητικές προσεγγίσεις.
Ερευνήτριες/Ερευνητές που συμμετέχουν με άρθρα τους στον τόμο: Ευγενία (Τζένη) Αρσένη, Βασιλική Βασιλούδη, Ευθαλία-Θάλεια Γρηγοριάδου, Αικατερίνη Δεληκωνσταντινίδου, Βασίλειος N. Δεληογλάνης, Σταματίνα Δημακοπούλου, Μιχάλης Κοκκώνης, Ορέστης Κουράκης, Μαρία Χ. Σαλικοπούλου, Θεοδώρα Τσιμπούκη, Δέσποινα Ν. Φελέκη, Βασίλειος Χαρίσης.

This edited collection of essays provides readers with an interdisciplinary exploration of the notion of space and the kinetics in space in relation to American literature and culture. Specifically, the essays that have been contributed to the volume attempt to shed light on interesting aspects of the American cultural identity and the American spatiality through the discussion of issues relating to literature (print and electronic), art, urban environments, racial identity, music, dance, performing arts, digital technology, and photography. The articles are divided into three sections, such as "Textual Geographies," "Spatial Reconstructions" and "Trans-Atlantic Conversations" in an attempt to present the topics under consideration from different perspectives and theoretical approaches.
Volume contributors: Eugenia Arsenis, Aikaterini Delikonstantinidou, Vasileios N. Delioglanis, Stamatina Dimakopoulou, Despoina N. Feleki, Efthaleia-Thaleia Grigoriadou, Vasilis Harisis, Michalis Kokonis, Orestis Kourakis, Maria Ch. Salikopoulou, Theodora Tsimpouki, Vasiliki Vasiloudi.
In vitro assessment of bonding of the total-etch adhesive to carious dentin in molars treated with and without 38% silver diamine fluoride: a study protocol
Authors: Mahapatra Joyeeta , Nikhade Pradnya , Patel Aditya , Mehta Disha 
Published: September 2023

Background: The aim will be to evaluate and compare the bonding of the total-etch adhesive to carious dentin in molars treated with and without 38% silver diamine fluoride using the universal testing machine and scanning electron microscope. Methods: 30 extracted teeth samples will be been randomly distributed into 2 groups (n=15). The test group will receive the intervention of 38% SDF whereas the control group will not receive any such intervention. Samples in both groups will be restored with resin composite. Assessment will be done based on the primary outcome, which will be determined by microtensile bond strength whereas the secondary outcome will be determined by fracture modes, i.e., cohesive, adhesive, or mixed fracture. Descriptive statistics will be used for the results of each group. Intergroup comparison will be done on the basis of independent sample t-test to detect the mean difference between the two groups. Independent t-test will be run to analyse the type of failure. In all tests, p-values below 0.05 will be considered statistically significant. Conclusion: The study may provide us with a new restorative technique that will not only be less invasive by preserving the remaining tooth structure but will also prevent the risk of caries progression beneath the restoration. Thus, this will contribute to the longevity of the tooth life by the maintenance of its pulpal health which will contribute to the durability and long-term successful outcome of the direct restoration procedure.
Early cancer detection in primary care in Ireland: a protocol for a research prioritisation exercise
Authors: Jacob Benjamin M. , O'Connor Laura , Clyne Barbara , Burns Heather , Alneyadi Surour ,   Primary Care PPI Group (HRB Primary Care Clinical Trials Network), Neal Richard D , Redmond Patrick 
Published: September 2023

Background: Cancer is a significant cause of morbidity, mortality, and economic loss in Ireland. It is important that cancer research funding is directed in accordance with the values of a wide variety of stakeholders, so as to ultimately deliver tangible benefits to cancer patients. The aim of this study is to achieve consensus among key stakeholders (including patients, caregivers, healthcare professionals, policymakers and academics) regarding research priorities in the area of early detection of cancer in primary care in Ireland. Methods: A research prioritisation exercise adapted from the James Lind Alliance (JLA) consensus framework will be used to enable all key stakeholders to identify and prioritise research questions. This involves the following stages: (1) setting up a steering group and priority setting partnership, (2) gathering potential research questions via an online survey, (3) processing, categorising, and summarising these research questions, (4) identifying the unanswered research questions, (5) determining the top 10 research priorities via a consensus workshop. Results: The following outcomes will be reported: (1) a “Top 10” list of the most important research questions in early cancer detection in primary care; (2) a list of unanswered research questions which ranked outside of the Top 10; (3) a list of research questions which were proposed but considered to be already answered by a panel of academics working in the field. Conclusions: The co-production of consensus derived research questions in early cancer detection will provide a platform for both funders and researchers to concentrate on the most significant issues to stakeholders, especially patients and their doctors.
Systematic review and meta-analyses: What has the application of Mendelian randomization told us about the causal effect of adiposity on health outcomes?
Authors: Lee Matthew A , Hatcher Charlie , McGuinness Luke A , McBride Nancy , Battram Thomas , Wan Wenxin , Fang Si , Wade Kaitlin H , Corbin Laura J , Timpson Nicholas J 
Published: September 2023

Mendelian randomization (MR) is increasingly used for generating estimates of the causal impact of exposures on outcomes. Evidence suggests a causal role of excess adipose tissue (adiposity) on many health outcomes. However, this body of work has not been systematically appraised. We systematically reviewed and meta-analysed results from MR studies investigating the association between adiposity and health outcomes prior to the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic (PROSPERO: CRD42018096684). We searched Medline, EMBASE, and bioRxiv up to February 2019 and obtained data on 2,214 MR analyses from 173 included articles. 29 meta-analyses were conducted using data from 34 articles (including 66 MR analyses) and results not able to be meta-analysed were narratively synthesised. Body mass index (BMI) was the predominant exposure used and was primarily associated with an increase in investigated outcomes; the largest effect in the meta-analyses was observed for the association between BMI and polycystic ovary syndrome (estimates reflect odds ratios (OR) per standard deviation change in each adiposity measure): OR = 2.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22–5.33. Only colorectal cancer was investigated with two exposures in the meta-analysis: BMI (OR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.01–1.37) and waist-hip ratio (WHR; OR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.08–2.03). Broadly, results were consistent across the meta-analyses and narrative synthesis. Consistent with many observational studies, this work highlights the impact of adiposity across a broad spectrum of health outcomes, enabling targeted follow-up analyses. However, missing and incomplete data mean results should be interpreted with caution.
GENDER SPECIFICITIES IN PERCEPTIONS OF HAPPINESS ACROSS AGE GROUPS
Authors: Lopandin Konstantin V. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose. The article addresses the topical problem of gender – specific perceptions of happiness. The paper aims to study gender differences in the notion of happiness across age groups.
Materials and Methods. The study involved the use of a questionnaire to assess the significance of the characteristics of the concept of “happiness” with the help of a modified Likert scale. The scale included the characteristics of the concept of “happiness” that relate to the following levels: physiological, socio-psychological, personality-psychological, and spiritual (transcendental). The empirical base of the study consisted of 300 participants: 143 men and 157 women. The sampling was broken into these age groups: 18-24, 25-34, and 35-44.
Results. The description of the concept of “happiness” in a gender and age-specific dimension is provided. Gender differences and similarities in the semantic meaning of the phenomenon of happiness typical of the respondents across age groups are traced. The findings show that at different ages both men and woman tend to change major sources of happiness. In women’s groups, regardless of age, one can observe semantic similarities between happiness and family relationships, family well-being: in fact, the older the person, the more meaningful this factor is. Unlike women, men associate happiness with attributes of success: social recognition and career. For men, happiness is tied up with self-realization and the search for individual meanings.
Conclusion. The results of the study can be used in psychological counselling, psychotherapy, trainings in addressing family relationship issues, personal difficulties linked to low life satisfaction.