bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The causal relationships between early sexual behaviors and cancer risks in individuals of European ancestry: a two-step Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xue Ping , Dai Jingjing , Kuai Benxin , Su Xiao-qin , Shi Yue , Guo Yujie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Sexual behaviors have been found to be linked to a variety of cancer risks. While The association between early sexual behaviors and cancer risk, as well as its underlying mechanism, remains unclear.
Methods
Two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) was conducted to evaluate the association between sexual behaviors and cancer risks. We define sexual behaviors as the external manifestation represented by age at first sexual intercourse (AFS) and age at first birth (AFB). The large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of ten types of cancer were used as outcomes. Moreover, two-step Mendelian randomization was conducted to investigate the role of mediation. Causal steps approach and product of coefficients approach was performed in two-step MR study.
Results
Our results indicate that increased AFS was associated with the following cancers: cervical cancer [odds ratio, 0.996 95% CI = 0.994–0.998], endometrial cancer [odds ratio, 0.815 95% CI = 0.676–0.984], liver cell carcinoma [odds ratio, 0.999 95%CI = 0.999–0.999], lung cancer [odds ratio, 0.626 95% CI 0.501 to 0.783], oropharyngeal cancer [odds ratio, 0.343 95%CI = 0.173–0.681] and prostate cancer [odds ratio, 1.143 95%CI = 1.019–1.281], as well as increased AFB result in a reduced risk of certain cancers, including cervical cancer [odds ratio, 0.999 95%CI = 0.998–0.999], lung cancer [odds ratio, 0.862 95%CI = 0.791–0.940]. In two-step MR study, fasting insulin, BMI and daily cigarettes previously smoked were mediators for the relationship between sexual behaviors and the risk of certain types of cancer.
Conclusions
Early sexual behaviors are associated with the increased risk of cancer. Mediators for this relationship include fasting insulin, BMI and daily cigarettes previously smoked.
A Sideroflexin/Connexin adaptor ties kinesin-3 to mitochondria in neurons
Authors: Barmaver Syed , Wagner Oliver 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

We identified SFXN-1.2 to regulate both morphologies as well as dynamics of mitochondria. SFXN-1.2 is an ortholog of human Sideroflexin 1/3 associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. We show that SFXN-1.2 binds to kinesin-3 KIF1A(UNC-104) via CX32 (Connexin 32), a protein known to be linked to Charcot-Marie-Tooth diseases. While SFXN-1.2 and CX32 affect the dynamics of mitochondria, they also affect the motility of the molecular motor UNC-104 alone. We found no role of the motor's PH domain in linking the motor to mitochondria. SFXN-1.2 has no effect on synaptic vesicle trafficking underlining the specificity of its role on mitochondria transport. We narrowed down critical interaction schemes of the UNC-104/CX32/SFXN-1.2 complex. Strikingly, mutations in SFXN-1.2 lead to motor- and sensory neuron defects in C. elegans affecting the animal's touch responses as well as restricting body movements. Lastly, we revealed that neither mitochondrial bioenergetics nor mitophagy are affected by the sfxn-1.2 mutation.
Prediction of malnutrition in newbornInfants using machine learning techniques
Authors: Kishore K. Krishna , Suman Jami Venkata , Mnikyamba I. Lakshmi , Polamuri Subba Rao , Venkatesh B. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper aims to predict malnutrition in newborn babies using various machine learning techniques. Malnutrition is characterized by the insufficient acquisition of fat and muscle mass during intrauterine growth. It is primarily caused by poor maternal nutrition and placental insufficiency, resulting in increased neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this study, we calculate the Z-score of newborns, taking into account factors such as age in months, weight, height, and sex, to determine the presence of malnutrition. The dataset utilized for this project is obtained from UNICEF for network training. The dataset is divided into two parts: one for validation and another for testing. We calculate WAZ (underweight) and LAZ (stunting) and train the models to detect neonatal malnutrition. Various machine learning models, including SVM, KNN, logistic regression, Naïve Bayes, and a two-layer neural network, are employed to identify malnutrition in children. Among these models, logistic regression demonstrates superior accuracy compared to the other algorithms.
The effects of Tubacin, a HDAC6 inhibitor on skin wound healing and its mechanism
Authors: Liang Jia-Qiang , Wang Tingyu , Gan Bin , Xue Yuan-Ye , Wen Yu-Ying , Yang Yang , Peng Xin-Sheng , Zhou Yan-fang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background Wound healing is a common clinical pathological process that is interrupted when abnormal pathological factors are present, which can significantly delay wound healing and lead to complication. Epigenetic modification plays an important role in wound repair, including histone deacetylase HDAC6-mediated regulation of cell morphology, autophagy, migration, inflammation, and oxidative stress.Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how HDAC6 inhibitors affect the proliferation and migration of dermal fibroblasts in allogeneic skin wound repair. Methods and results We effectively isolated primary skin fibroblasts from newborn rat skin tissue, and the effects of TGFB1 and different concentrations of HDAC6 inhibitor Tubacin on skin fibroblast growth and migration were detected using the MTT assay and scratch test. Tubacin was discovered to decrease fibroblast growth and migration. Tubacin down-regulated the expression levels of COL3, p-AKT, HDAC6, Col1a1, -SMA, and p-ERK, which were up-regulated by TGF-1, in fibroblasts treated with TGF-1 and different doses of Tubacin. Tubacin also increased the protein levels of ace–tubulin and CD31 (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule). To examine the impact of the HDAC6 inhibitor Tubacin in skin wound regeneration, we created a full-thickness wound model on the back of rats and used Western blot to assess the expression levels of HDAC6, acetylated -tubulin, COL1A1, COL3, and -SMA. The results demonstrated that trauma increased the expression levels of HDAC6 and acetylated -tubulin in the skin; these findings suggest that HDAC6 and acetylated -tubulin may be involved in wound repair. Tubacin, on the other hand, decreased the protein levels of HDAC6 and acetylated-tubulin, as well as the protein levels of COL1A1 and COL3. The mechanism could be that COL1A1, COL3, and -SMA expression, which are involved in pathological wound repair, are blocked via modulating the TGF-β-PI3K-Akt pathway and MAPK/ERK signaling.Thus, our results implies that inhibiting HDAC6 plays a beneficial function in wound healing and scar formation. Conclusion Tubacin inhibits fibroblast proliferation and migration, as well as the expression of COL1A1, COL3, and -SMA, all of which are involved in pathological wound repair. It also promotes the expression of CD31, which is associated with inflammation or angiogenesis, by regulating the tgf-PI3K-Akt pathway and the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway.
Prebiotic galactooligosaccharide feed modifies the chicken gut microbiota to efficiently clear Salmonella
Authors: Richards Philip J , Almutrafy Abeer , Liang Lu , Lafontaine Geraldine M Flaujac , King Elizabeth , Fish Neville M , Connerton Amber J , Connerton Phillippa L , Connerton Ian F 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background Chicken meat can be contaminated with Salmonella originating from the gastrointestinal tract of infected chickens during slaughter. Total eradication of Salmonella from flocks of broiler (meat) chickens through hygiene measures and/or vaccination regimes is not deemed cost-effective, so complementary approaches are sought. A mature gut microbiota is an obstruction to Salmonella infection in chickens and deliberate fortification of colonization resistance in juvenile chickens through prebiotic feed formulations would benefit both public health and the poultry industry. Prebiotic galactooligosaccharides have been shown to hasten clearance of Salmonellafrom the gut of infected chickens. To better understand the role of galactooligosaccharides in colonization resistance broiler chickens were raised on a wheat-soybean meal-based feed, with or without added galactooligosaccharide for the first 24-days of life. Chickens were then orally challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis at 20-days-old and the effect of supplementary galactooligosaccharides characterized by profiling Salmonella colonization, gut microbiota, host innate immune response and cecal SCFA concentrations.
Results Exposure to dietary galactooligosaccharides shortened the time required for chickens to clear S. Enteritidis from the ceca. Differential abundance analysis of the cecal microbiota associated Salmonella-challenge with a bacterial taxon belonging to the Acidaminococcaceae family. Increased concentrations of the short chain fatty acids propionate and valerate were measured in the ceca of Salmonella-challenged chickens sustained on either control or galactooligosaccharide-supplemented feed relative to mock-challenged controls; but far greater concentrations were detected in chickens fed a galactooligosaccharide-supplemented diet in early life. Propionate and valerate concentrations corresponded with the abundance of the Acidaminococcaceae taxon. The absence of cecal proinflammatory chemokine/cytokine transcriptional responses suggest that the Salmonella-clearance observed for the galactooligosaccharide-supplemented diet was not linked to the modulation of innate immune function.
Conclusions We hypothesise that catabolism of galactooligosaccharide and its breakdown products by indigenous taxa colonizing the cecal pouches yield excess levels of propionate. In the absence of gross inflammation propionate is inimical to Salmonellawhich hastens the clearance time. Work presented here identifies some of the bacterial taxa responsible for colonization resistance to Salmonellacolonization in broiler chickens. Deliberate cultivation of these taxa with prebiotic galactooligosaccharide presents a straight-forward, safe and cost-effective intervention against Salmonella.
Three-dimensional atomic positions and local chemical order of medium- and high-entropy alloys
Authors: Moniri Saman , Yang Yao , Yuan Yakun , Zhou Jihan , Yang Long , Zhu Fan , Liao Yuxuan , Yao Yonggang , Hu Liangbing , Ercius Peter , Ding Jun , Miao Jianwei (John) 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Medium- and high-entropy alloys (M/HEAs) mix multiple principal elements with near-equiatomic composition and represent a paradigm-shift strategy for designing new materials for metallurgy1-8, catalysis9-14, and other fields15-18. One of the core hypotheses of M/HEAs is lattice distortion5,19,20, which has been investigated by numerical simulations, x-ray diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy21-26. However, experimentally determining the three-dimensional (3D) local lattice distortion in M/HEAs remains a challenge. Additionally, the presumed random elemental mixing in M/HEAs has been questioned by atomistic simulations, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and electron diffraction, which suggest the existence of local chemical order in M/HEAs27-33. However, the 3D local chemical order has eluded direct experimental observation since the EDS elemental maps integrate the composition of atomic columns along the zone axes7,32,33, and the diffuse reflections/streaks in electron diffraction of M/HEAs may originate from planar defects instead of local chemical order34. Here, we determine the 3D atomic positions of M/HEA nanocrystals using atomic electron tomography35, and quantitatively characterize the local lattice distortion, strain tensor, twin boundaries, dislocation cores, and chemical short-range order (CSRO) with unprecedented 3D detail. We find that the local lattice distortion and strain tensor in the HEAs are larger and more heterogeneous than in the MEAs. We observe CSRO-mediated twinning in the MEAs, that is, twinning occurs in energetically unfavoured CSRO regions but not in energetically favoured CSRO ones. This observation confirms the atomistic simulation results of the bulk CrCoNi MEA27,29 and represents the first experimental evidence of correlating local chemical order with structural defects in any material system. We expect that this work will not only expand our fundamental understanding of this important class of materials, but also could provide the foundation for tailoring M/HEA properties through lattice distortion and local chemical order.
Assessing the Utility of a Proposed System for Routine Assessment of Tumour Budding in Core Biopsies of Breast Cancer, a Robust Adjunct to Conventional Grading to Improve Prediction of Stage, Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Prognosis
Authors: Akakpo Patrick Kafui , Imbeah Emmanuel Gustav , Akyea Cornelia Obiri , Ulzen-Appiah Kofi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Tumour budding is a predictor lymph node metastasis and prognosis in colon cancer. Recent studies suggest that tumor budding can be useful in prognostication of breast cancer. We determined the utility of a proposed system that relies on combined assessment Tumour Budding and Nest Size (B-TBNS) for grading breast cancers on core biopsy as a predictor of prognosis. We assessed the relationship between B-TBNS grade and tumour characteristics such as traditional grade, stage, molecular type, and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Methods
A descriptive, cross-section study design, with a retrospective review of breast core biopsy (H&E) slides from January 2020 to December 2021 was carried out. B-TBNS grades were determined on core biopsy samples by three pathologists independently and related to tumour characteristics on core biopsy and matched excision with axillary lymph node dissection. Data were analysed with SPSS v 20.0. Descriptive statistics of frequencies and percentages were used to describe categorical variables. Cross-tabulation and chi-square test was done at 95% confidence interval with significance established at p < 0.05.
Results
A total of Eighty-five (85) cases were included in the study with mean age at 52.74 ± 14.443 years. There was a statistically significant relationship between, nest size (NS) of tumour buds in core biopsy samples and size of tumour at excision (p < 0.039), ER (p < 0.026), HER-2 (p < 0.035), Receptor status (ER & or PR) (p < 0.011), Molecular subtype (p < 0.019), HER-2 enriched (p < 0.008). There was also a significant association between Tumour budding activity and tumour size (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Tumour budding and nest size in breast core biopsies are related to tumour characteristics such as size, lymph node involvement, molecular subtype, and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Simple hematoxylin and eosin morphology-based systems such as our B-TBNS grading system that assess tumour budding and nest size on initial core biopsies will help better stratify patients into risk categories for management and ensure improved prognosis.
Assessing the Internal Variability of Large-Eddy Simulations for Microscale Pollutant Dispersion Prediction in an Idealized Urban Environment
Authors: Lumet Eliott , Jaravel Thomas , Rochoux Mélanie C. , Vermorel Olivier , Lacroix Simon 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study aims at estimating the inherent variability of microscale boundary-layer flows and its impact on the air pollutant dispersion in urban environment. For this purpose, we present a methodology combining a high-fidelity Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) model and a stationary bootstrap algorithm, to estimate the internal variability of time-averaged quantities over a given analysis period thanks to sub-averages samples. A detailed validation of a LES microscale air pollutant dispersion model in the framework of the Mock Urban Setting Test (MUST) field-scale experiment is performed. We show that the LES results are in overall good agreement with the experimental measurements of wind velocity and tracer concentration, especially in terms of fluctuations and peaks of concentrations. We also show that both LES estimates and the MUST experimental measurements are subject to a significant internal variability, which is therefore essential to take it into account in the model validation exercise. Moreover, we demonstrate that the LES model is able to accurately reproduce the observed internal variability. This study only accounts for the microscale wind fluctuations, and is therefore a first step in measuring the complete effect of the atmospheric boundary-layer (ABL) internal variability on pollutant dispersion.
A Wide Temperature 10 V Solid-state Electrolyte with a Critical Current Density of over 20 mA cm-2
Authors: Wei Yiqi , Li Zhenglong , Chen Zichong , Gao Panyu , Gao Mingxi , Yan Chenhui , Wu Zhijun , Ma Qihang , Jiang Yinzhu , Yu Xuebin , Zhang Xin , Liu Yongfeng , Yang Yaxiong , Gao Mingxia , Sun Wenping , Chen Jian , Pan Hongge 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The use of solid-state electrolytes in all-solid-state batteries is a prospective technology for increasing energy densities. However, poor oxidative stability and issues with the dendrite significantly hamper their applicability. LiBH4 is considered as one of the most promising candidates due to its irreplaceable thermodynamic stability to Li. Herein, an in situ melting reaction is proposed to generate the covalently bonded coordination on the particle surfaces of electrolytes to resolve those issues. This coordination thermodynamically shuts down the electronic exchanges during the anionic oxidation decomposition by covalently bonding the local high-concentration electrons on the anions, and it kinetically blocks electronic percolation on the particle surfaces of electrolytes; this phenomenon leads to an unprecedented voltage window (0 ~ 10 V) with a peak oxidation current that is 370 times lower and an electronic conductivity that is 3 orders of magnitude lower than the counterpart at 25 ℃. The coordination can act as a binder to bond electrolyte particles, achieving a remarkable Young’s modulus of 208.45 GPa; this modulus is twice as high as the counterpart to adapt the sustained stress-strain release in Li plating and stripping. With these merits, the electrolyte displays a record-breaking critical current density of 21.65 mA cm− 2 at 25 ℃ (twice the best-reported data in Li-ion solid-state electrolytes), cycling stabilities under 10.83 mA cm− 2 for 6000 h and 10 V for 1000 h, and an operational temperature window of -30 to 150 ℃. Their Li-LiCoO2 cells exhibit superior reversibility under high voltage. Our findings illuminate a clear direction for oxidative stability and dendrite suppression in solid-state electrolytes, making tremendous progress in high-voltage lithium batteries.
A potential panel of eight‑mRNAs signature for predicting biochemical recurrence‑free survival and disease‑free survival in prostate cancer
Authors: Peng Fanyu , Wang Min , Zhang Hao , Liu Xueyun , Guo Yesong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purposes In present study, we aimed to identify mRNA expression signature which can predict biochemical recurrence-free (BCR-free) survival of prostate cancer (PCa) patients.
Methods A total of 415 patients with pathologic confirmed PRAD in TCGA dataset were recruited and included. With the specific risk score formula, patients were further classified into high-risk and low-risk group. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the association between mRNA signature and survival outcomes. KEGG was carried out to identify the potentially associated biological processes and signaling pathway. CCK8 assay and transwell assay were used to explore the changes of cell proliferation and invasion ability after gene knockdown.
Results Overall, 83 differentially expressed mRNAs were found with more than logFC(4) and p value <0.05 after making a pair between biochemical recurrence. Among which, eight mRNAs were identified to be significantly associated with BCR-free survival. Then, using a risk score based on the signature of these mRNAs, we divided the patients into low-risk and high-risk groups with significantly different BCR-free survival and disease-free survival. KEGG suggested that this signature was involved in Oxytocin signaling pathway. Cell experiments also proved that the genes in the signature can affect the proliferation and invasion functions of Pca cells.
Conclusions In present study, a novel eight-mRNAs signature that is useful in survival prediction in PCa patients was developed. The clinical implications and the mechanism of these eight-mRNAs deserve further investigation in future studies.
Single-Leg Vertical Jump Change After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Hsu Wei-Hsiu , Yu Pei-An , Fan Chun-Hao , Kuo Liang-Tseng , Chen Chi-Lung , Chan Yi-Sheng , Hsu Robert Wen-Wei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, patients still experience residual weakness, thus necessitating a comprehensive training program and assessment before returning to sports. The purpose was investigating the effect of a progressive resistance training program on the recovery of patients. Methods We prospectively enrolled 67 patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Four weeks after the reconstruction, 24 weeks of progressive resistance training was initiated. Demographic, questionnaire, single-leg vertical jump, and muscle strength were collected preoperatively and at 16, 28 weeks, and 1 year postoperatively. Results Of the 42 patients were finally included: 22 patients in the progressive resistance training group and 20 in the control group. At 28 weeks, the height of the single-leg vertical jump for the injured knee was 20.3 ± 1.7 and 15.7 ± 1.7 cm and the peak knee flexion angle for the injured knee was 31° ± 3° and 23° ± 2° in the progressive resistance training and control groups, respectively. The progressive resistance training group showed a significant increase in the knee extensor symmetry index after completing 24 weeks of the training program, which lasted up to 1 year postoperatively, and a decrease in the hamstrings/quadriceps ratio for the injured knee. Conclusion The progressive resistance training increases the single-leg vertical jump height and peak knee flexion angle after landing, which can, at least in part, be attributed to the increased muscle strength in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Improvement in lower-limb muscle strength can also improve biomechanical asymmetry during the single-leg vertical jump.
Antimicrobial potential of LDPE/TPS polymeric films with MMT/essential oils hybrids for applications as active packaging
Authors: Farina Marilia Cheis , Ferreira¹ Rafaela Reis , Maia Anderson , Torin Rondes Ferreira Silva 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Polymeric films with antimicrobial activity are a prominent theme due to the potential in applications such as food packaging with antimicrobial activity. Eugenol (E) and Carvacrol (C) essential oils are attractive as natural antimicrobial additives. The focus of this work was to investigate the antimicrobial potential of the polymeric blends, low density polyethylene (LDPE) with thermoplastic starch (TPS), LDPE/TPS, filled with hybrids, in different proportions: montmorillonite nano-clay (MMT) with essential oils (OE), MMT-E; and MMT-C. Blend stability and hybrid influence were investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Infrared with Fourier Transform (FT-IR). Study of essential oils releasing from the polymeric matrix, as well as microbiological analyzes were conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial potential attributed to polymeric films of LDPE/TPS/MMT-E and LDPE/TPS/MMT-C. The results founded were promising regarding the excellent interaction of the oils with the matrix and nano-clay, in addition to the absence of pathological agents proving the action of the oils.