bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A machine learning algorithm to predict a culprit lesion after out of hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Pareek Nilesh , Frohmaier Christopher , Smith Mathew , Kordis Peter , Cannata Antonio , Nevett Jo , Fothergill Rachael , Nichol Robert C. , Sullivan Mark , Sunderland Nicholas , Johnson Thomas W. , Noc Marko , Byrne Jonathan , MacCarthy Philip , Shah Ajay M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to develop a machine learning algorithm to predict the presence of a culprit lesion in patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).MethodsWe used the King's Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry, a retrospective cohort of 398 patients admitted to King's College Hospital between May 2012 and December 2017. The primary outcome was the presence of a culprit coronary artery lesion, for which a gradient boosting model was optimized to predict. The algorithm was then validated in two independent European cohorts comprising 568 patients.ResultsA culprit lesion was observed in 209/309 (67.4%) patients receiving early coronary angiography in the development, and 199/293 (67.9%) in the Ljubljana and 102/132 (61.1%) in the Bristol validation cohorts, respectively. The algorithm, which is presented as a web application, incorporates nine variables including age, a localizing feature on electrocardiogram (ECG) (≥2 mm of ST change in contiguous leads), regional wall motion abnormality, history of vascular disease and initial shockable rhythm. This model had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89 in the development and 0.83/0.81 in the validation cohorts with good calibration and outperforms the current gold standard‐ECG alone (AUC: 0.69/0.67/0/67).ConclusionsA novel simple machine learning‐derived algorithm can be applied to patients with OHCA, to predict a culprit coronary artery disease lesion with high accuracy.
Anemia and periprocedural complications determine contrast‐associated acute kidney injury after recanalization of chronic coronary occlusions in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Werner Gerald S. , Lorenz Simon , Dimitriadis Zisis , Krueger Bernd 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundContrast‐associated acute kidney injury (CA‐AKI) is a potential risk associated with the percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) for chronic total coronary occlusions (CTO) particularly with pre‐existing chronic kidney disease (CKD). The determinants of CA‐AKI in patients with pre‐existing CKD in an era of advanced strategies of CTO recanalization techniques need to be considered for a risk evaluation of the procedure.MethodsA consecutive cohort of 2504 recanalization procedures for a CTO between 2013 and 2022 was analyzed. Of these, 514 (20.5%) were done in patients with CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min based on the most recently used CKD Epidemiology Collaboration equation).ResultsThe rate of patients classified to have CKD would be lower with 14.2% using the Cockcroft‐Gault equation, and 18.1% using the modified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. The technical success was high with 94.9% and 96.8% (p = 0.04) between patients with and without CKD. The incidence of CA‐AKI was 9.9% versus 4.3% (p < 0.001). The major determinants of CA‐AKI in patients with CKD were the presence of diabetes and a reduced ejection fraction, as well as periprocedural blood loss, whereas a higher baseline hemoglobin and the use of the radial approach prevented CA‐AKI.ConclusionsIn patients with CKD CTO PCI could be performed successfully at a higher cost of CA‐AKI. Correcting preprocedural anemia and avoiding intraprocedural blood loss may reduce the incidence of CA‐AKI.
Homogeneous Ruthenium catalyzed Hydrogenation of Furanoate Esters and Ether‐containing aliphatic Esters into primary Alcohols
Authors: Saudan Lionel , Quintaine Julie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFuranoate esters have been hydrogenated successfully with ruthenium complexes bearing tetradentate ligands in high yield, high selectivity and with a low catalyst loading. The catalysts and the reaction conditions described herein enabled the facile reduction of a variety of substituted 2‐ and 3‐furanoate esters, with the latter being never reduced before under catalytic hydrogenation conditions. Furthermore, several well‐defined ruthenium complexes were evaluated and compared, with bis‐imino complexes being the most versatile in terms of reactivity and selectivity.
The equity group: Supporting Cochrane's social responsibility of improving health equity
Authors: Parker Roses , Petkovic Jennifer , Pardo Pardo Jordi , Darzi Andrea , Dewidar Omar , Khabsa Joanne , Kristjansson Elizabeth , Lotfi Tamara , Magwood Olivia , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Pottie Kevin , Riddle Alison , Saad Ammar , Tomlinson Eve , Tugwell Peter , Welch Vivian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionHealth equity is a moral and ethical imperative for clinicians, researchers, policymakers, and all who use health research. Both Cochrane and the Campbell Collaboration have focused on health equity for many years.MethodsThe new Equity Group will continue and expand this work by designing a program of projects aiming to (1) promote equity in the evidence base, (2) ensure equitable processes for stakeholder engagement, (3) produce high‐priority, equity‐focused evidence syntheses, (4) build capacity for equity design, analysis, and reporting, and (5) promote equity in implementation tools.ResultsWe will build on our current network of collaborators and create a group structure striving to recruit across the PROGRESS‐Plus characteristics.ConclusionWe invite readers to join our cause and contribute wherever they are able. Together, we can help Cochrane achieve its social responsibility of improving health equity at a planetary level.
Facile Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure P‐Chiral 1‐Alkoxy‐2,3‐dihydrophospholes via Nucleophilic P‐N Bond Cleavage of a 1‐Phospha‐2‐azanorbornene
Authors: Ramazanova Kyzgaldak , Lönnecke Peter , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe reactive P−N bond in a racemic mixture of endo‐1‐phospha‐2‐azanorbornene (PAN) (RP/SP)‐endo‐1 is readily cleaved with enantiomerically pure lithium alkoxides followed by protonation to afford diastereomeric mixtures of P‐chiral 1‐alkoxy‐2,3‐dihydrophosphole derivatives. The isolation of these compounds is rather challenging due to the reversibility of the reaction (elimination of alcohols). However, methylation of the sulfonamide moiety of the intermediate lithium salts and sulfur protection of the phosphorus atom prevent the elimination reaction. The resulting air‐stable P‐chiral diastereomeric 1‐alkoxy‐2,3‐dihydrophosphole sulfide mixtures can be readily isolated and fully characterized. The diastereomers can be separated by crystallization. The 1‐alkoxy‐2,3‐dihydrophosphole sulfides are readily reduced with Raney nickel to afford phosphorus(III) P‐stereogenic 1‐alkoxy‐2,3‐dihydrophospholes with potential use in asymmetric homogeneous transition metal catalysis.
In Situ Generation of Magnesium‐ and Calcium‐Based Grignard Reagents for Amide Synthesis
Authors: Schüler Philipp , Sengupta Simon , Krieck Sven , Westerhausen Matthias 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe alkaline‐earth metals Mg and Ca are too inert for the direct metalation of primary and secondary amines. Consequently, activation prior to use is required. Alternatively, theGrignardreagents RMgX (R=alkyl, aryl, X=halide) can be applied in metalation of amines. However, such a straightforward procedure for the synthesis of alkylcalcium reagents is disadvantageous due to diverse side reactions, includingWurtz‐type C−C coupling and ether degradation reactions. Therefore, suspensions of magnesium or calcium with amine can be treated in a smooth reaction with ethyl bromide in an ethereal solvent at room temperature. Intermediately formed RAeX (Ae=alkaline‐earth metal, i. e., Mg, Ca) either metalates amines yielding the corresponding amides in an in situGrignardmetalation method (iGMM) or adds across C=N bonds of imines in an in situGrignardaddition method (iGAM). The amides R’2N‐AeX (Ae=Mg:Hauserbases) undergoSchlenk‐type ligand exchange reactions yielding homoleptic Ae(NR’2)2and potentially sparingly soluble AeX2.
Fluorescence of Single Conjugated Chains of MEH‐PPV Dispersed in Polymer Matrix: What Do We See in the Microscope?†
Authors: Xie Mingyi , Kuzimenkova Marina V. , Larsson Per‐Olof , Tian Yuxi , Scheblykin Ivan G. 
Published: May 2023

Comprehensive SummaryIt has been a mystery that the detected fluorescence intensity of single MEH‐PPV molecules is much lower than expected based on their chain length. In this review, after re‐evaluating of the literature data in the light of new specially designed experiments, we present a comprehensive explanation of this issue: The actual size of MEH‐PPV molecules at single molecule level is much smaller than expected due to de‐aggregation and chain scission, while static quenching ("dark matter") also exists for large molecules, further reducing their brightness.
π‐Extension of Isoindigos (IIDs) through C—H/N—H Activation and Alkyne Annulation†
Authors: Wang Kang , Chen Liangliang , Huang Yan‐Ying , Qin Liyuan , Li Cheng , Zhang Xi‐Sha , Luo Feixian , Duan Zheng , Zhang Guanxin , Zhang Deqing 
Published: May 2023

Comprehensive SummaryIsoindigo (IID) is widely used as organic dye and conjugated unit in opto‐electronic materials. Functionalization of IID to increase its structural complexity is demanding for obtaining diversity properties. Herein, we developed a direct C—H/N—H activation method of IIDs via double alkyne annulations and synthesized π‐extended IIDs with two pairs of 5/7 membered rings. The structure of the π‐extended IIDs was characterized and confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS and X ray crystal analysis. Their physical properties were characterized by UV‐vis absorption, cyclic voltammetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The absorption coefficient of the annulated products enhanced significantly compared with the non‐annulated analogue.
Sensor information‐based crop recommendation system using machine learning for the fertile regions of Maharashtra
Authors: Shingade Sachin Dattatraya , Mudhalwadkar Rohini Prashant 
Published: May 2023

SummaryAgriculture is the major backbone of India. Therefore, the crop recommendation system is important for the farmers and the country as it reflects the country's economic growth. The crop yield rate is affected due to various parameters such as climatic changes, soil properties, temperature, humidity and so forth. An effective prediction system is required to monitor the field and suggest suitable crops that can provide a maximum yield rate. Therefore, a prediction system is developed in the proposed framework for crop recommendation using the sensor information collected from Maharashtra, India. The dataset has been built with the information collected by 250 sensors located in different Maharashtra places. Initially, the gathered dataset is subjected to preprocessing steps like data cleaning, removing duplicate values, and filling up the missing values. Then, robust and flexible machine learning models like decision tree, random forest, and support vector machine are used, which analyze the preprocessed data and predict the suitable crops that show high yield for a particular area. The implementation of the proposed framework is done using Python. The RF classifier achieved the highest accuracy rate of 95% among the three classifiers.
Interaction of Cyanoacrylate with Metal Oxide Surfaces (Cu, Al)
Authors: Moritz Philipp , Höfft Oliver , Wegewitz Lienhard , Maus‐Friedrichs Wolfgang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Prof. Maus‐Friedrichs’ group at the Clausthal University of Technology. The image shows the molecular interaction formed at the interface between the adhesive cyanoacrylate and a natively oxidized copper or aluminium surface. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202300076.
Measuring Motivation Using the Progressive Ratio Task in Adolescent Mice
Authors: Cambre Emily , Christenfeld Elena , Torres Arturo Herraez , Canetta Sarah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlterations in reward seeking are a hallmark of multiple psychiatric disorders, including substance abuse and depression. One important aspect of reward seeking is ‘wanting’, which can be operationalized in both humans and rodents in tasks such as the progressive ratio, in which an increasing amount of work is required to earn a given reward. Importantly, many disorders with reward‐seeking deficits are believed to have an important neurodevelopmental component, underscoring the importance of being able to study changes in motivation across the lifespan. Although this task has been adapted for both adult and adolescent rats, in mice it has predominantly been used to assay motivational changes in adults. Specific concerns in adapting this task from adult to adolescent mice include (1) optimizing a food restriction paradigm suitable for growing animals whose weights are naturally dynamically changing and (2) identifying task conditions that allow younger, smaller mice to perform the task while minimizing the length of the behavioral shaping required to measure motivation at specific developmental dates. Toward that end, we now report a protocol for appropriate weight management in developing animals that require food restriction, and a protocol for behavioral shaping and progressive ratio testing in adolescent mice, including an assessment of whether the animals perform better with lever presses or nose pokes as the required operant response. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Food restriction and weight management in the context of developing miceAlternate Protocol: Food restriction and weight management of developing mice without projected growth chart: Utilization of baseline miceBasic Protocol 2: Operant box design, progressive ratio training, testing, and data analysis in adolescent mice
Study finds training in ASD and ID at psychiatry programs deficient
Authors: Lyerly Eric 
Published: May 2023

The journal Autism recently published a study about the quality of training that psychiatric program residents receive in autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability, as measured by lectures and patient contact. Psychiatrists are one of the care professionals with whom students with autism and ID frequently interact. However, the study concludes that there is a shortage of psychiatrists to treat such conditions — and a lack of adequate training/education on these conditions in many psychiatric residency programs.
Emerging roles of host and microbial bioactive lipids in inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Kayama Hisako , Takeda Kiyoshi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe intestinal tract harbors diverse microorganisms, host‐ and microbiota‐derived metabolites, and potentially harmful dietary antigens. The epithelial barrier separates the mucosa, where diverse immune cells exist, from the lumen to avoid excessive immune reactions against microbes and dietary antigens. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is characterized by a chronic and relapsing disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Although the precise etiology of IBD is still largely unknown, accumulating evidence suggests that IBD is multifactorial, involving host genetics and microbiota. Alterations in the metabolomic profiles and microbial community are features of IBD. Advances in mass spectrometry–based lipidomic technologies enable the identification of changes in the composition of intestinal lipid species in IBD. Because lipids have a wide range of functions, including signal transduction and cell membrane formation, the dysregulation of lipid metabolism drastically affects the physiology of the host and microorganisms. Therefore, a better understanding of the intimate interactions of intestinal lipids with host cells that are implicated in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation might aid in the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for IBD. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the mechanisms by which host and microbial lipids control and maintain intestinal health and diseases.
Catalytic Performance of Amorphous Ti/SiO2 in the Gas‐Phase Epoxidation of Propylene with H2O2
Authors: Gao Bize , Zhu Quanren , Yi Yanhui , Li Yue , Wu Guoxing , Guo Yitong , Feng Zhaochi , Guo Hongchen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe epoxidation of propylene with dilute H2O2 aqueous solution over titanium silicalite‐1 (TS‐1) zeolite catalyst is a green chemical reaction for propylene oxide (PO) production. Carrying out the reaction in gas‐phase can get rid of problems caused by using methanol solvent. This paper reports an attempt of using non‐zeolite catalyst for the gas‐phase epoxidation. Amorphous Ti/SiO2, obtained by grafting amorphous SiO2 with TCl4 in ethanol solvent in a chemical liquid‐phase deposition (CLD) process, has been used as the catalyst. Results show that the CLD Ti/SiO2 with appropriate Si/Ti molar ratio is an active catalyst for gas‐phase epoxidation, achieving 9.8 % propylene conversion and 66.9 % PO selectivity with 40.3 % H2O2 utilization, which indicates that this amorphous Ti/SiO2 catalyst deserves extensive studies in the future.
A One‐Pot Approach to Multi‐Substituted Fused Aziridines: Formal Intermolecular [2+1] Cycloaddition Reaction between Saccharin‐Derived Cyclic Ketimines and Sulfur Ylides
Authors: Lin Chao , Wang Mao‐Chang , Wie Peng , Xing Qi , Liu Chen‐He 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHerein a concise and efficient method for the synthesis of aziridines has been developed. The reaction proceeds through a formal intermolecular [2+1] cycloaddition reaction of saccharin‐derived cyclic ketimines with sulfur ylides. This methodology features high atom‐economy, broad substrate scope and an operationally simple procedure, affording the aziridines with excellent yields and diastereoselectivity (>20 : 1 dr). In the presence of base, the aziridine products could be readily converted to benzothiazines by an unusual rearrangement reaction.
Commodity momentum and reversal: Do they exist, and if so, why?
Authors: Han Meng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractQuestions as to why differences in momentum and reversal patterns seem to emerge in commodity futures compared with spot markets, and how these patterns can be explained, remain unanswered. To investigate these questions, I examine 23 commodities over a period of 60 years. I first show that including the net convenience yield in the definition of commodity spot returns reconciles the differences in the results for commodity spot and futures markets. Both commodity futures and spot markets exhibit quantitatively consistent momentum and reversal effects. An initial momentum effect is followed by a reversal effect and then another momentum effect. These observed patterns in commodities can be jointly explained by a combination of traditional asset pricing factors and a basis factor related to the net convenience yield.
Mechanisms of ag85a/b DNA vaccine conferred immunotherapy and recovery from Mycobacterium tuberculosis‐induced injury
Authors: Wang Nan , Liang Yan , Ma Qianqian , Mi Jie , Xue Yong , Yang Yourong , Wang Lan , Wu Xueqiong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOur previous research developed a novel tuberculosis (TB) DNA vaccine ag85a/b that showed a significant therapeutic effect on the mouse tuberculosis model by intramuscular injection (IM) and electroporation (EP). However, the action mechanisms between these two vaccine immunization methods remain unclear. In a previous study, 96 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37Rv‐infected BALB/c mice were treated with phosphate‐buffered saline, 10, 50, 100, and 200 μg ag85a/b DNA vaccine delivered by IM and EP three times at 2‐week intervals, respectively. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from three mice in each group were isolated to extract total RNA. The gene expression profiles were analyzed using gene microarray technology to obtain differentially expressed (DE) genes. Finally, DE genes were validated by real‐time reverse transcription‐quantitive polymerase chain reaction and the GEO database. After MTB infection, most of the upregulated DE genes were related to the digestion and absorption of nutrients or neuroendocrine (such as Iapp, Scg2, Chga, Amy2a5), and most of the downregulated DE genes were related to cellular structural and functional proteins, especially the structure and function proteins of the alveolar epithelial cell (such as Sftpc, Sftpd, Pdpn). Most of the abnormally upregulated or downregulated DE genes in the TB model group were recovered in the 100 and 200 μg ag85a/b DNA IM groups and four DNA EP groups. The pancreatic secretion pathway downregulated and the Rap1 signal pathway upregulated had particularly significant changes during the immunotherapy of the ag85a/b DNA vaccine on the mouse TB model. The action targets and mechanisms of IM and EP are highly consistent. Tuberculosis infection causes rapid catabolism and slow anabolism in mice. For the first time, we found that the effective dose of the ag85a/b DNA vaccine immunized whether by IM or EP could significantly up‐regulate immune‐related pathways and recover the metabolic disorder and the injury caused by MTB.
Immunogenicity and safety of the BBIBP‐CorV vaccine in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases undergoing immunosuppressive therapy in a monocentric cohort
Authors: Zamani Batool , Moradi Hasan‐Abad Amin , Piroozmand Ahmad , Dehghani Mahsa , Arfaatabar Maryam , Motedayyen Hossein 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionVaccination plays a fundamental role in mastering the COVID‐19 pandemic and protecting vulnerable groups. Persons with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD) requiring immunosuppressive therapies are prioritized for vaccination. However, data concerning immunogenicity and safety of the BBIBP‐CorV vaccine in immunosuppressed patients are not found. This study presents data on the efficacy and safety of the BBIBP‐CorV vaccine in immunosuppressed patients compared to healthy controls.MethodsStudy population consisted of 100 healthy controls and 100 patients with AIIRD. Vaccination was performed according to national guidelines with the BBIBP‐CorV vaccine. SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing antibody titers were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay before initial vaccination and 1–3 months after secondary vaccination. Adverse events were assessed before study initiation and 7 days after the second dose. Disease activity was studied before entering the study and 3–8 weeks after the second dose.ResultsVaccination‐induced positive immunogenic response rates and SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing antibody titers were significantly lower in the AIIRD patients than healthy subjects (p < .05). There are significant differences in neutralizing antibody titers among patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis, and ankylosing spondylitis (p < .01–.05). The rates of seropositive vaccine responses were similarly distributed across all diseases. Healthy and AIIRD individuals had a similar profile in adverse events. No significant difference was observed in SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody titers between subjects suffering from side effects and those who did not have. SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing antibody levels were significantly higher in subjects with a history of COVID‐19 infection than seronegative individuals (p < .01–0.05). Seropositive subjects had a significant increase in the percentage of vaccine‐related adverse events compared to seronegative persons (p < .05). Despite a minor change in the disease activity of patients with RA and SLE, disease activity indices were overall stable in the AIIRD patients.ConclusionThese findings revealed that the BBIBP‐CorV vaccine is effective in the development of neutralizing antibodies in immunosuppressed patients without considerable reactogenicity or induction of disease flares.