bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding suicidality in Pacific adolescents in New Zealand using network analysis
Authors: Gossage Lisa E. , Narayanan Ajit , Dipnall Joanna F. , Berk Michael , Sumich Alexander , Haslbeck Jonas M. B. , Iusitini Leon , Wrapson Wendy , Tautolo El‐Shadan , Siegert Richard 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionPacific adolescents in New Zealand (NZ) are three to four times more likely than NZ European adolescents to report suicide attempts and have higher rates of suicidal plans. Suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts, termed suicidality in this study, result from a complex dynamic interplay of factors, which emerging methodologies like network analysis aim to capture.MethodsThis study used cross‐sectional network analysis to model the relationships between suicidality, self‐harm, and individual depression symptoms, whilst conditioning on a multi‐dimensional set of variables relevant to suicidality. A series of network models were fitted to data from a community sample of New Zealand‐born Pacific adolescents (n = 550; 51% male; Mean age (SD) = 17 (0.35)).ResultsSelf‐harm and the depression symptom measuring pessimism had the strongest associations with suicidality, followed by symptoms related to having a negative self‐image about looks and sadness. Nonsymptom risk factors for self‐harm and suicidality differed markedly.ConclusionsDepression symptoms varied widely in terms of their contribution to suicidality, highlighting the valuable information gained from analysing depression at the symptom‐item level. Reducing the sources of pessimism and building self‐esteem presented as potential targets for alleviating suicidality amongst Pacific adolescents in New Zealand. Suicide prevention strategies need to include risk factors for self‐harm.
Chinese adolescents’ attitudes and beliefs about shy, unsociable, and socially avoidant peers
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Zhao Qinghua 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTPeers play an important role in socially withdrawn adolescents’ adjustment. Using a dyadic peer‐rating approach, this study examined adolescents’ attitudes and beliefs about real‐world, rather than hypothetical, subtypes of socially withdrawn peers. Data were drawn from 274 adolescents (Mage = 13.23 years, SD = .68; 52% boys) from rural China. Adolescents rated each classmate's withdrawal motivation (shyness, unsociability, and social avoidance) and attitudes and beliefs about each classmate, including affiliative preference, social acceptance, prosocial orientation, teacher liking, negative impact, and learning problems. Results indicated that adolescents had pervasive negative perceptions of socially avoidant peers on all the outcomes except for teacher liking, and occasionally negative perceptions of shy peers, including low social acceptance and more learning problems. In contrast, adolescents did not perceive unsociable peers differently compared to non‐withdrawn peers. Gender differences were found only for social avoidance with avoidant girls occasionally eliciting more negative perceptions than avoidant boys. These findings uncovered the complexity of young adolescents’ perceptions of socially withdrawn peers in rural China and highlight the need for more efforts to support the healthy development of socially avoidant adolescents.
On endomorphism algebras of Gelfand–Graev representations II
Authors: Li Tzu‐Jan , Shotton Jack 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLet be a connected reductive group defined over a finite field of characteristic , with Deligne–Lusztig dual . We show that, over where is the product of all bad primes for , the endomorphism ring of a Gelfand–Graev representation of is isomorphic to the Grothendieck ring of the category of finite‐dimensional ‐representations of .
Cut‐and‐join operators for higher Weil–Petersson volumes
Authors: Alexandrov Alexander 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we construct the cut‐and‐join operator description for the generating functions of all intersection numbers of , , and classes on the moduli spaces . The cut‐and‐join operators define an algebraic version of topological recursion. This recursion allows us to compute all these intersection numbers recursively. For the specific values of parameters, the generating functions describe the volumes of moduli spaces of (super) hyperbolic Riemann surfaces with geodesic boundaries, which are also related to the Jackiw–Teitelboim (JT) (super)gravity.
Women Physical Education Teacher Education Faculty’s Experiences in Japan and the United States
Authors: Tsuda Emi , Ogiwara Tomoko , Murai Risako , Wyant James , Watanabe Rio , Chen Yung-Ju ‘Ruth’ 
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to explore women physical education teacher education faculty’s experiences in Japan and the United States, using an exploratory descriptive case study design. The conceptual framework of the faculty’s job satisfaction underpinned the study. A criterion sampling approach was employed to recruit participants. In total, seven Japanese and eight U.S. women faculty members took part in the study. Data were collected from a survey and a semistructured interview. The semistructured interviews served as the primary source of data. The survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the frequency of the responses was calculated. An inductive thematic analysis was employed to analyze the interview responses. Triangulation, member checking, and peer debriefing ensured the trustworthiness of the data. Relative to overall job satisfaction, the U.S. faculty tend to have higher satisfaction levels in teaching achievement, research expectations, and research productivity compared to Japanese faculty. Four themes were identified from the interview responses: (a) persisting social norms and stereotypes toward women, (b) women’s representation matters, (c) juggling dual roles of being faculty and a mother, and (d) lack of support for mothers at work. This study provided the first evidence of women faculty members’ experiences and perspectives in the field of physical education teacher education in Japan and the United States. Continuous discussion and effort are crucial to creating a more inclusive and supportive environment for all.
Season Phase Comparison of Training and Game Volume in Female High School Volleyball Athletes
Authors: Muñoz Mario , Bunn Jennifer A. 
Published: August 2023

This study evaluated the differences in training and match volume per set by season phase in female high school volleyball. Twelve athletes wore a device to measure total jumps (TJ) and high jumps (HJ), movements per minute (MPM), kinetic energy expended, and stress percent throughout the season phases: preseason, tournament, and district. In matches, athletes jumped less and had lower MPM in preseason (4.4 ± 2.3 TJ/set, 1.9 ± 0.5 MPM/set) compared with tournament (13.2 ± 8.1 TJ/set, 6.4 ± 1.7 MPM/set) and district (16.5 ± 9.9 TJ/set, 6.7 ± 1.8 MPM/set; p ≤ .001 for all) phases. District registered more HJ/set (2.6 ± 2.2 HJ/set) than preseason (0.7 ± 0.7 HJ/set, p = .007) and tournament phases (292 ± 172 J/lb/set, p < .001), and more kinetic energy expended/set (488 ± 174 J/lb/set) than preseason (201 ± 94 J/lb/set, p = .001). The highest training volume occurred during preseason with more TJ (preseason: 70.9 ± 26.0; tournament: 44.3 ± 19.3, p < .001; district: 34.7 ± 3.4, p = .004) and kinetic energy expended (preseason: 1,645 ± 547 J/lb; tournament: 980 ± 506 J/lb, p = .018; district: 1,108 ± 362, p = .016). Preseason training had higher stress percent (16.6 ± 3.0%) than tournament (19.4 ± 3.7%, p = .004) and more HJ (7.7 ± 6.3%) than district (3.1 ± 2.9%, p = .012). Match volume was unbalanced across the season phases, with preseason showing the lowest volume and district having the highest volume. This was counterbalanced with a higher training volume during the preseason compared with the other phases.
The Efficiency of Various DNA Polymerases for Amplification of Long Sequences from Genomic DNA and cDNA of Cultivated Potatoes
Authors: Antipov A. D. , Zlobin N. E. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Amplification of long fragments from complex templates, such as eukaryotic genomic DNA, is considered a difficult task for most DNA polymerases. In this research, six DNA polymerases were used to amplify full-length sequences from the genomic DNA of Solanum tuberosum genes encoding translation initiation factors of the eIF4E family, as well as for the synthesis of fragments of the potato Y virus genome from cDNA of potato plants infected by this virus. It was found that the efficiency of amplification by various DNA polymerases generally decreased with the increasing length of the amplicons. LongAmp and Platinum SuperFi II polymerases demonstrated the highest efficiency in the synthesis of long fragments, which made it possible to synthesize PCR products with a length of more than 10 000 base pairs with high efficiency. The lowest efficiency was demonstrated by Encyclo polymerase. None of the DNA polymerases provided efficient amplification of all the studied DNA fragments. At the same time, any of the studied DNA fragments could be effectively amplified using at least one DNA polymerase variant. Thus, the choice of DNA polymerase was of key importance for the efficiency of the synthesis of a desired PCR product.
Analysis of the decay constants and form factors of pseudoscalar mesons in a dirac formalism
Authors: Panda B. K. , Panda S. , Panda A. K. 
Published: August 2023

We investigate the weak leptonic and semileptonic decay widths of pseudoscalar light and heavy mesons in a Dirac formalism. We take relativistic-independent quark model of the form [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. This is computed using the binding quark eigenfunction and taking the assumptions of a significant relationship between the quark and antiquark momenta inside the decaying meson in the rest frame. To calculate the decay constant [Formula: see text], decay width and branching fractions of pseudoscalar mesons, we employ the model parameters that we used earlier. The experimental findings and various similar models are in good agreement with our predictions such as [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]”. Finally, we calculate the form factors and branching fractions for the semileptonic [Formula: see text] decays [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]” and find reasonable agreement with the experimental results.
Dead ends on wreath products and lamplighter groups
Authors: Silva Eduardo 
Published: August 2023

For any finite group A and any finitely generated group B, we prove that the corresponding lamplighter group [Formula: see text] admits a standard generating set with unbounded depth, and that if B is abelian then the above is true for every standard generating set. This generalizes the case where [Formula: see text] together with its cyclic generator [S. Cleary and J. Taback, Dead end words in lamplighter groups and other wreath products, Q. J. Math. 56(2) (2005) 165–178]. When [Formula: see text] is the free product of two finite groups H and K, we characterize which standard generators of the associated lamplighter group have unbounded depth in terms of a geometrical constant related to the Cayley graphs of H and K. In particular, we find differences with the one-dimensional case: the lamplighter group over the free product of two sufficiently large finite cyclic groups has uniformly bounded depth with respect to some standard generating set.
Periods of continued fractions and volumes of modular knots complements
Authors: Rodríguez-Migueles José Andrés 
Published: August 2023

Every oriented closed geodesic on the modular surface has a canonically associated knot in its unit tangent bundle coming from the periodic orbit of the geodesic flow. We study the volume of the associated knot complement with respect to its unique complete hyperbolic metric. We show that there exist sequences of closed geodesics for which this volume is bounded linearly in terms of the period of the geodesic’s continued fraction expansion. Consequently, we give a volume’s upper bound for some sequences of Lorenz knots complements, linearly in terms of the corresponding braid index. Also, for any punctured hyperbolic surface we give volume’s bounds for the canonical lift complement relative to some sequences of sets of closed geodesics in terms of the geodesics length.
Expansion free spherical anisotropic solutions
Authors: Bhatti M. Z. , Yousaf Z. , Sabir I. 
Published: August 2023

We investigate the behavior of expansion free collapsing fluids, as studied by L. Herrera, A. Di Prisco and J. Ospino [Symmetry 15 (2023) 754], in the framework of [Formula: see text] gravity, which represents a modification of Einstein’s general relativity by establishing a function of the Ricci scalar [Formula: see text] in the gravitational action. We explore dynamical equations from Bianchi identities that demonstrate the motion and evolution of physical systems under the influence of gravitational fields. We match the inner and outer geometries of spacetime on the hypersurface to develop junction conditions by using the Misner–Sharp formalism. This allows us to identify the connection between mass functions for the inner and outer space as well as the relationship for heat flux [Formula: see text] and radial pressure [Formula: see text]. We also investigate analytical solutions of dissipative fluid distribution that fulfill the vanishing expansion condition together with the vanishing complexity factor constraint. For this, we introduce new constraints that permit the integration of the complex system in [Formula: see text] gravity. Next, we extract a set of differential equations that explain the dynamical structure of the dissipative spheres both in geodesic and non-geodesic fluids. Furthermore, we explore the physical characteristics of the obtained solutions, such as heat flux, energy density, shear stress, fluid’s temperature along with tangential and radial pressure, to assess their viability in describing real astrophysical systems.
Dynamics of 3D Slender Blocks: A Mathematical Model
Authors: Pradhan Chandan , Roy Rana 
Published: August 2023

The dynamics of three-dimensional (3D) slender systems such as statues, obelisks, monuments, museums, and household objects are highly nonlinear. In this study, a numerical model for rigid blocks in 3D, referred to as the physical model (PM), is developed to explore and view the motion of the slender blocks to base excitations. The model can represent the dynamics of both symmetric and mass-eccentric 3D blocks for unidirectional and bidirectional excitations. Keeping the kinematics of the system in view, the PM is developed as an assemblage of different subsystems in the Simscape Multibody Library. The rigid block supported by four tiny spheres at the corners is resting on a rigid table. Physical interaction between the table and the rigid body is simulated by introducing a virtual plane characterized by a spring and a damper that follows the visco-elastic Kelvin model. The values of the depth of the virtual plane, parameters of the Kelvin model, and the dimension of the tiny spheres are suitably chosen for such interaction. Adequately large values for kinetic and static friction are used in the virtual plane to prevent the body from sliding during its rocking motion. The motion of the table is described by choosing the inertial reference frame with origin at a fixed point and another parallel frame fixed with the tabletop. The response of the rigid body is described by the asymmetric Euler sequence. A third set of the frame, i.e. the body-fixed reference with the origin at the centre of mass of the corresponding symmetric body is introduced by a Bushing joint. A calculated amount of mass-eccentricity is generated by adding very small square blocks to the side-faces of the 3D symmetric block. The response of mass eccentric systems to trigonometric base excitations applied in-plane and out-of-plane of the eccentricity is computed using the PM, and a comparison of the same to the results derived analytically confirms the adequacy of the model. In the sequel, representative case studies are presented and interpreted to uncover the complex dynamics of the mass eccentric rocking systems. The PM can also serve as the basis of analyzing and viewing the motion of blocks with arbitrary geometry.
Locating fair domination in graphs
Authors: Swaminathan V. , Sundareswaran R. , Muthusubramanian L. 
Published: August 2023

Graphs considered here are simple, finite and undirected. A graph is denoted by [Formula: see text] and its vertex set by [Formula: see text] and edge set by [Formula: see text]. Many researchers were attracted by two concepts introduced in [P. J. Slater, Domination and location in acyclic graphs, Networks 17 (1987) 55–64; P. J. Slater, Dominating and reference sets in graphs, J. Math. Phys. Sci. 22 (1988) 445–455; Y. Caro, A. Hansberg and M. Henning, Fair domination in graphs, Discrete Math. 312 (2012) 2905–2914]. One is locating domination and the other is fair domination. A subset [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is called a locating dominating set of [Formula: see text] if for any [Formula: see text] and both sets are non-empty. [Formula: see text] is called a fair dominating set of [Formula: see text] for any [Formula: see text]. In this paper, both properties are combined and locating fair domination is studied.
How Robust are Empirical Factor Models to the Choice of Breakpoints?
Authors: Hollstein Fabian , Prokopczuk Marcel , Voigts Victoria 
Published: August 2023

We comprehensively investigate the robustness of well-known factor models to altered factor formation breakpoints. Deviating from the standard 30th and 70th percentile selection, we use an extensive set of anomaly test portfolios to uncover two main findings: First, there is a trade-off between specification and diversification. More centered breakpoints tend to result in less (idiosyncratic) risk. More extreme sorts lead to greater exposure to the underlying anomalies and thus to higher average returns. Second, the models are robust to varying degrees. Hou et al.’s model [2015, Digesting Anomalies: An Investment Approach, Review of Financial Studies 28, 650–705] is much more sensitive to changes in breakpoints than the Fama–French models.
EchoSensor: Fine-grained Ultrasonic Sensing for Smart Home Intrusion Detection
Authors: Lian Jie , Du Changlai , Lou Jiadong , Chen Li , Yuan Xu 
Published: August 2023

This article presents the design and implementation of a novel intrusion detection system, called EchoSensor, which leverages speakers and microphones in smart home devices to capture human gait patterns for individual identification. EchoSensor harnesses the speaker to send inaudible acoustic signals (around 20 kHz) and utilizes the microphone to capture the reflected signals. As the reflected signals have unique variations in the Doppler shift respective to the gaits of different people, EchoSensor is able to profile human gait patterns from the generated spectrograms. To mine the gait information, we first propose a two-stage interference cancellation scheme to remove the background noise and environmental interference, followed by a new method to detect the starting point of walking and estimate the gait cycle time. We then perform the fine-grained analysis of the spectrograms to extract a series of features. In the end, machine learning is employed to construct an identifier for individual recognition. We implement the EchoSensor system and deploy it under different household environments to conduct intrusion detection tasks. Extensive experimental results have demonstrated that EchoSensor can achieve the averaged Intruder Gait Detection Rate (IDR) and True Family Member Gait Detection Rate (TFR) of 92.7% and 91.9%, respectively.
Drying Kinetics, Effective Moisture Diffusivity, and Activation Energy of Osmotic Pretreated Hot-Air-Dried Paneer Cubes
Authors: Arulkumar M. , Pandian N. Karpoora Sundara , Murugan B. , Nambi V. Eyarkai , Sivaranjani S. , Baskaran D. , Pugazhenthi T. R. , Kishore S. Ganga , Pandiselvam R. 
Published: August 2023

Paneer is a heat-acid-coagulated dairy product, and it has a very low shelf life due to its higher moisture content of about more than 50% (w.b). Drying is the best option to reduce moisture, but it takes time and affects the nature of the product. Here, osmotic dehydration (OD) is applied as pretreatment prior to drying to preserve the color and textural changes and reduce the drying time. Commercial NaCl was chosen as osmotic agent. The paneer samples were taken as (

2

cm
×
2

cm
×
2

cm

) cubes and pretreated with NaCl, viz., 6%, 12%, 22%

w
/
v

, and surface treatment. The pretreated paneer was dried at 50, 55, and 60°C in a hot-air dryer with constant air velocity of 0.25 m/s. The equilibrium moisture content level was higher in osmotic treated samples compared to the control sample with range between 12.46 and 16.64% (w.b). The osmotic pretreated sample had shortened drying time compared to the control sample. Effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy were calculated, and the osmotic pretreatment impacted positively on it. The drying parameters were fitted with models and found that the Midilli model was (

R

2

>
0.99

) best fit. The osmotic pretreated samples at 50°C drying temperature show (

P
≤
0.01

) better results in color, texture, and sensory profile of dried paneer, while pretreatment is not effective at 55 and 60°C drying temperatures. Except for the carbohydrate content, osmotic pretreated samples retain more fat and protein after the drying process. As a result, it can be concluded that osmotic pretreatment reduces the drying time and retains color, texture, and nutritional characteristics of dried paneer, especially at 50°C drying temperature.
Comparison of transmission of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, via two different pathways from Monochamus alternatus to host trees
Authors: Nakayama Yusuke , Togashi Katsumi 
Published: August 2023

Summary
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus causes pine wilt disease and is transmitted to host trees by cerambycid adults of the genus Monochamus. There are two primary transmission pathways: via vector feeding wounds to healthy trees and via the oviposition wounds to dying or recently dead trees. To determine the ratio of nematodes transmitted via the different pathways, M. alternatus female adults were reared on Pinus densiflora fresh twig sections and wood pieces with the bark made favourable for oviposition. Transmission curves of B. xylophilus to twig sections were similar in shape to the nematode departure curves for each vector, whereas the transmission curves to wood pieces were dissimilar to the departure curves because of different age classes at the peak between the curves. Consequently, there was no similarity in shape between two transmission curves to twig sections and wood pieces. Of B. xylophilus transmitted to twig sections and wood pieces after vectors constructed the first oviposition wound, 38.7% was transmitted to twig sections and 61.3% to wood pieces. Using the results of present and previous studies, GLM analysis indicated that the probability of B. xylophilus transmission to twig sections was 0.481 and that B. xylophilus had a 9.7 times higher likelihood of feeding-related transmission to oviposition-related transmission than non-pathogenic B. mucronatus. Thus, the reproductively mature vectors are considered to be related to the incidence of pine wilt disease and dispersal studies on mature vectors would help to predict the expansion rate of areas affected by the disease in the current year.