bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-aged terrigenous organic carbon biases ocean ventilation-age reconstructions in the North Atlantic
Authors: Liu Jingyu , Wang Yipeng , Jaccard Samuel L. , Wang Nan , Gong Xun , Fang Nianqiao , Bao Rui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChanges in ocean ventilation have been pivotal in regulating carbon sequestration and release on centennial to millennial timescales. However, paleoceanographic reconstructions documenting changes in deep-ocean ventilation using 14C dating, may bear multidimensional explanations, obfuscating the roles of ocean ventilation played on climate evolution. Here, we show that previously inferred poorly ventilated conditions in the North Atlantic were linked to enhanced pre-aged organic carbon (OC) input during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1). The 14C age of sedimentary OC was approximately 13,345 ± 692 years older than the coeval foraminifera in the central North Atlantic during HS1, which is coupled to a ventilation age of 5,169 ± 660 years. Old OC was mainly of terrigenous origin and exported to the North Atlantic by ice-rafting. Remineralization of old terrigenous OC in the ocean may have contributed to, at least in part, the anomalously old ventilation ages reported for the high-latitude North Atlantic during HS1.
Industrial source identification of polyhalogenated carbazoles and preliminary assessment of their global emissions
Authors: Sun Yuxiang , Yang Lili , Zheng Minghui , Weber Roland , Falandysz Jerzy , Lammel Gerhard , Zhao Chenyan , Chen Changzhi , Yang Qiuting , Liu Guorui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPolyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) are emerging global pollutants found in environmental matrices, e.g., 3000 tonnes of PHCZs have been detected in the sediments of the Great Lakes. Recognition of PHCZ emissions from ongoing industrial activities worldwide is still lacking. Here, we identify and quantify PHCZ emissions from 13 large-scale industries, 12 of which previously have no data. Congener profiles of PHCZs from investigated industrial sources are clarified, which enables apportioning of PHCZ sources. Annual PHCZ emissions from major industries are estimated on the basis of derived emission factors and then mapped globally. Coke production is a prime PHCZ emitter of 9229 g/yr, followed by iron ore sintering with a PHCZ emission of 3237 g/yr. China, Australia, Japan, India, USA, and Russia are found to be significant emitters through these industrial activities. PHCZ pollution is potentially a global human health and environmental issue.
Asymmetric dinitrogen-coordinated nickel single-atomic sites for efficient CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Zhou Yuzhu , Zhou Quan , Liu Hengjie , Xu Wenjie , Wang Zhouxin , Qiao Sicong , Ding Honghe , Chen Dongliang , Zhu Junfa , Qi Zeming , Wu Xiaojun , He Qun , Song Li 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDeveloping highly efficient, selective and low-overpotential electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction is crucial. This study reports an efficient Ni single-atom catalyst coordinated with pyrrolic nitrogen and pyridinic nitrogen for CO2 reduction to carbon monoxide (CO). In flow cell experiments, the catalyst achieves a CO partial current density of 20.1 mA cmgeo−2 at −0.15 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (VRHE). It exhibits a high turnover frequency of over 274,000 site−1 h−1 at −1.0 VRHE and maintains high Faradaic efficiency of CO (FECO) exceeding 90% within −0.15 to −0.9 VRHE. Operando synchrotron-based infrared and X-ray absorption spectra, and theoretical calculations reveal that mono CO-adsorbed Ni single sites formed during electrochemical processes contribute to the balance between key intermediates formation and CO desorption, providing insights into the catalyst’s origin of catalytic activity. Overall, this work presents a Ni single-atom catalyst with good selectivity and activity for CO2 reduction while shedding light on its underlying mechanism.
Thiobacillus as a key player for biofilm formation in oligotrophic groundwaters of the Fennoscandian Shield
Authors: Lopez-Fernandez Margarita , Westmeijer George , Turner Stephanie , Broman Elias , Ståhle Magnus , Bertilsson Stefan , Dopson Mark 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBiofilm formation is a common adaptation for microbes in energy-limited conditions such as those prevalent in the vast deep terrestrial biosphere. However, due to the low biomass and the inaccessible nature of subsurface groundwaters, the microbial populations and genes involved in its formation are understudied. Here, a flow-cell system was designed to investigate biofilm formation under in situ conditions in two groundwaters of contrasting age and geochemistry at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory, Sweden. Metatranscriptomes showed Thiobacillus, Sideroxydans, and Desulforegula to be abundant and together accounted for 31% of the transcripts in the biofilm communities. Differential expression analysis highlighted Thiobacillus to have a principal role in biofilm formation in these oligotrophic groundwaters by being involved in relevant processes such as the formation of extracellular matrix, quorum sensing, and cell motility. The findings revealed an active biofilm community with sulfur cycling as a prominent mode of energy conservation in the deep biosphere.
Center-environment deep transfer machine learning across crystal structures: from spinel oxides to perovskite oxides
Authors: Li Yihang , Zhu Ruijie , Wang Yuanqing , Feng Lingyan , Liu Yi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn data-driven materials design where the target materials have limited data, the transfer machine learning from large known source materials, becomes a demanding strategy especially across different crystal structures. In this work, we proposed a deep transfer learning approach to predict thermodynamically stable perovskite oxides based on a large computational dataset of spinel oxides. The deep neural network (DNN) source domain model with “Center-Environment” (CE) features was first developed using the formation energy of 5329 spinel oxide structures and then was fine-tuned by learning a small dataset of 855 perovskite oxide structures, leading to a transfer learning model with good transferability in the target domain of perovskite oxides. Based on the transferred model, we further predicted the formation energy of potential 5329 perovskite structures with combination of 73 elements. Combining the criteria of formation energy and structure factors including tolerance factor (0.7 < t ≤ 1.1) and octahedron factor (0.45 < μ < 0.7), we predicted 1314 thermodynamically stable perovskite oxides, among which 144 oxides were reported to be synthesized experimentally, 10 oxides were predicted computationally by other literatures, 301 oxides were recorded in the Materials Project database, and 859 oxides have been first reported. Combing with the structure-informed features the transfer machine learning approach in this work takes the advantage of existing data to predict new structures at a lower cost, providing an effective acceleration strategy for the expensive high-throughput computational screening in materials design. The predicted stable novel perovskite oxides serve as a rich platform for exploring potential renewable energy and electronic materials applications.
Globally invariant behavior of oncogenes and random genes at population but not at single cell level
Authors: Sirbu Olga , Helmy Mohamed , Giuliani Alessandro , Selvarajoo Kumar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCancer is widely considered a genetic disease. Notably, recent works have highlighted that every human gene may possibly be associated with cancer. Thus, the distinction between genes that drive oncogenesis and those that are associated to the disease, but do not play a role, requires attention. Here we investigated single cells and bulk (cell-population) datasets of several cancer transcriptomes and proteomes in relation to their healthy counterparts. When analyzed by machine learning and statistical approaches in bulk datasets, both general and cancer-specific oncogenes, as defined by the Cancer Genes Census, show invariant behavior to randomly selected gene sets of the same size for all cancers. However, when protein–protein interaction analyses were performed, the oncogenes-derived networks show higher connectivity than those relative to random genes. Moreover, at single-cell scale, we observe variant behavior in a subset of oncogenes for each considered cancer type. Moving forward, we concur that the role of oncogenes needs to be further scrutinized by adopting protein causality and higher-resolution single-cell analyses.
Ultrastable Co-NC membrane for sterilization of Escherichia coli in flowing water
Authors: Li Chao , Li Jiale , Huang Niu , Kong Xin Ying , Xiao Qingyi , Huang Yingping , Wong Po Keung , Ye Liqun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdvanced oxidation technology based on peroxonosulfate (PMS) has attracted extensive attention in water treatment research due to its fast reaction speed and wide pH range adaptability. Cobalt-based catalysts are considered to be one of the most effective reagents for PMS activation in various PMS activation methods. However, Co-ion leaching and difficulty in recovery have greatly hindered its practical applications. Herein, we developed a robust membrane constructed by nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes embedded with cobalt nanoparticles (Co-NC) to concurrently address the Co-ion leaching and recovery issues. Based on our customization, continuous water flow reactor, the Co-NC membrane exhibited excellent catalytic activity and stability, in which it demonstrated a remarkable sterilization efficiency of 99.9999% againstE. coli, and it retained a superior stability of 96.29% after 40 repeated cycles. Fewer attempts to put such efficient heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) into practical application, to mimic real-life applications, the performance of the Co-NC/PMS system was extended to the water taken from Qiuxi River. Remarkably, there is no deterioration in performance over 12 h of continuous real sewage processing. Mechanistic studies revealed that abundant high-valence metals (CoIV=O) were generated in the system, which can attack and penetrate into the cell membrane to destroy its intracellular defense system. This work provides useful insights into designing robust membranes with superior efficiency and stability for PMS-based advanced oxidation technology.
Electron cooling in graphene enhanced by plasmon–hydron resonance
Authors: Yu Xiaoqing , Principi Alessandro , Tielrooij Klaas-Jan , Bonn Mischa , Kavokine Nikita 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEvidence is accumulating for the crucial role of a solid’s free electrons in the dynamics of solid–liquid interfaces. Liquids induce electronic polarization and drive electric currents as they flow; electronic excitations, in turn, participate in hydrodynamic friction. Yet, the underlying solid–liquid interactions have been lacking a direct experimental probe. Here we study the energy transfer across liquid–graphene interfaces using ultrafast spectroscopy. The graphene electrons are heated up quasi-instantaneously by a visible excitation pulse, and the time evolution of the electronic temperature is then monitored with a terahertz pulse. We observe that water accelerates the cooling of the graphene electrons, whereas other polar liquids leave the cooling dynamics largely unaffected. A quantum theory of solid–liquid heat transfer accounts for the water-specific cooling enhancement through a resonance between the graphene surface plasmon mode and the so-called hydrons—water charge fluctuations—particularly the water libration modes, which allows for efficient energy transfer. Our results provide direct experimental evidence of a solid–liquid interaction mediated by collective modes and support the theoretically proposed mechanism for quantum friction. They further reveal a particularly large thermal boundary conductance for the water–graphene interface and suggest strategies for enhancing the thermal conductivity in graphene-based nanostructures.
Characterisation of physical and mechanical properties of seven particulate materials proposed as traction enhancers
Authors: Maramizonouz Sadaf , Nadimi Sadegh , Skipper William , Lewis Roger 
Published: June 2023

AbstractParticulate materials are utilised in many applications to manipulate the friction between surfaces. This dataset provides the characteristics of particulates used as rail sand in the train’s wheel/rail interface (via an on-board system) to facilitate the train’s acceleration and deceleration. Seven materials are studied including Austrian rail sand, standard Great British rail sand, waste glass beads, recycled crushed glass, non-coated alumina, coated alumina, and dolomite. The main objective of this research is to provide a physical and mechanical characterisation of these granular materials in terms of their density, bulk behaviour, particle size, particle shape, hardness, reduced modulus, and mineralogical properties. In particular, three-dimensional raw and post-processed micro-computed tomography images of more than 1200 particles are shared. The results provide a detailed dataset which can be used in ongoing and future experimental and numerical investigations studying the role of particulates in the wheel/rail interface.
Prediction of prostate cancer biochemical recurrence by using discretization supports the critical contribution of the extra-cellular matrix genes
Authors: Marin Laura , Casado Fanny 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDue to its complexity, much effort has been devoted to the development of biomarkers for prostate cancer that have acquired the utmost clinical relevance for diagnosis and grading. However, all of these advances are limited due to the relatively large percentage of biochemical recurrence (BCR) and the limited strategies for follow up. This work proposes a methodology that uses discretization to predict prostate cancer BCR while optimizing the necessary variables. We used discretization of RNA-seq data to increase the prediction of biochemical recurrence and retrieve a subset of ten genes functionally known to be related to the tissue structure. Equal width and equal frequency data discretization methods were compared to isolate the contribution of the genes and their interval of action, simultaneously. Adding a robust clinical biomarker such as prostate specific antigen (PSA) improved the prediction of BCR. Discretization allowed classifying the cancer patients with an accuracy of 82% on testing datasets, and 75% on a validation dataset when a five-bin discretization by equal width was used. After data pre-processing, feature selection and classification, our predictions had a precision of 71% (testing dataset: MSKCC and GSE54460) and 69% (Validation dataset: GSE70769) should the patients present BCR up to 24 months after their final treatment. These results emphasize the use of equal width discretization as a pre-processing step to improve classification for a limited number of genes in the signature. Functionally, many of these genes have a direct or expected role in tissue structure and extracellular matrix organization. The processing steps presented in this study are also applicable to other cancer types to increase the speed and accuracy of the models in diverse datasets.
Proteomic-based identification of APCS as candidate protein for diagnosis of patients exhibiting anti-tubercular drug induced liver injury
Authors: Kaur Bhavneet , Dixit Ravi , Bakshi Shikha , Konar Monidipa , Sinha Saroj K. , Duseja Ajay Kumar , Sharma Sadhna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTraditional markers evaluate anti-tubercular drug-induced liver injury (AT-DILI). However, these markers have certain limitations and studies are in progress to characterize AT-DILI at an early stage. In the present study, 40 patients were categorized and equally distributed into healthy controls, newly diagnosed tuberculosis (TB), TB without hepatotoxicity and TB with hepatotoxicity groups based on their conventional liver function tests. Relative protein quantification was performed on depleted pooled serum samples of each representative group by LC–MS/MS, and validation of shortlisted protein was done by ELISA. Levels of all analysed biochemical parameters showed a statistical increment in the hepatotoxicity group compared to the other three groups, representing AT-DILI. Comparative proteomic analysis between TB with hepatotoxicity versus TB without hepatotoxicity groups highlighted 24 significant differentially expressed proteins, including PROS1, KNG1, CFH, LCAT, APCS and ADIPOQ. Identified proteins were involved in complement activation, triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle remodelling and pathways comprising complement, coagulation cascades and cholesterol metabolism. Based on functional relevance, the serum amyloid P component (APCS) was shortlisted for validation, and it showed a similar trend as observed in the discovery phase with 100% sensitivity and 87% specificity; however, findings need exploration in larger cohorts.
Prevalence and factors associated with severe undernutrition among under-5 children in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Nepal: a comparative study using multilevel analysis
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad Rocky Khan , Rahman Md Shafiur , Billah Baki , Rashid Mamunur , Almroth Melody , Kader Manzur 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite economic growth and poverty reduction, under-5 child undernutrition is still rampant in South Asian countries. This study explored the prevalence and risk factors of severe undernutrition among under-5 children in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Nepal for comparison using the Composite Index of Severe Anthropometric Failure. We utilised information on under-5 children from recent Demographic Health Surveys. We used multilevel logistic regression models for data analysis. The prevalence of severe undernutrition among under-5 children was around 11.5%, 19.8%, and 12.6% in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Nepal, respectively. Children from the lowest socioeconomic quintile, and children born with low birth weight were key factors associated with severe undernutrition in these countries. The factors, parental education, maternal nutritional status, antenatal and postnatal care, and birth order were not homogeneous in explaining the determinants of child severe undernutrition across the countries. Our results suggest that the poorest households, and low birth weight of children have significant effects on severe undernutrition among under-5 children in these countries, which should be considered to formulate an evidence-based strategy to reduce severe undernutrition in South Asia.
Numerical simulation of deposition of drifts and salt from multiple super-large seawater cooling towers
Authors: Liang Ziqi , Li Lujun , Yang Jie , Zhu Qing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA three-dimensional CFD simulation model was established to study the characteristics of flow, drifts and salt deposition from 6 super-large seawater cooling towers in a power station. In the model, site meteorological data, design parameters of cooling tower, general layout, environmental characteristics, are considered. The results show that: (1) when the wind direction is parallel to the towers, the streams overlap, reducing deposition of drifts and salt onto the ground. (2) The drifts with particle size greater than 550 μm cannot float out of cooling towers. (3) In normal operation of 6 such cooling towers, the resulting salt deposition will not cause serious damage to plants.
Early maturation of sound duration processing in the infant’s brain
Authors: Polver Silvia , Háden Gábor P. , Bulf Hermann , Winkler István , Tóth Brigitta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe ability to process sound duration is crucial already at a very early age for laying the foundation for the main functions of auditory perception, such as object perception and music and language acquisition. With the availability of age-appropriate structural anatomical templates, we can reconstruct EEG source activity with much-improved reliability. The current study capitalized on this possibility by reconstructing the sources of event-related potential (ERP) waveforms sensitive to sound duration in 4- and 9-month-old infants. Infants were presented with short (200 ms) and long (300 ms) sounds equiprobable delivered in random order. Two temporally separate ERP waveforms were found to be modulated by sound duration. Generators of these waveforms were mainly located in the primary and secondary auditory areas and other language-related regions. The results show marked developmental changes between 4 and 9 months, partly reflected by scalp-recorded ERPs, but appearing in the underlying generators in a far more nuanced way. The results also confirm the feasibility of the application of anatomical templates in developmental populations.
Interaction between retinol intake and ISX rs5755368 polymorphism in colorectal cancer risk: a case–control study in a Korean population
Authors: Bui Anh Quynh , Gunathilake Madhawa , Lee Jeonghee , Oh Jae Hwan , Chang Hee Jin , Sohn Dae Kyung , Shin Aesun , Kim Jeongseon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to examine whether the ISX rs5755368 genotypes are associated with the effect of dietary retinol consumption on CRC risk. We recruited 923 CRC patients and 1846 controls to identify the association between dietary retinol and CRC risk. Dietary retinol intake was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Genotype data were available for 1419 patients (600 cases and 819 controls) of the total study population. Genotyping was performed using an Illumina MEGA Expanded Array. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression models. Retinol intake was inversely associated with CRC (OR = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.37–0.63). Participants with AA genotype showed lower CRC risk than subjects carrying the G allele (AG + GG) (OR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.58–0.99). A 68% reduced risk of CRC was related to subjects who had the highest retinol intake and carrying AA genotype compared to the risk of participants consumed the lowest retinol intake and carrying the G allele (OR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.20–0.53; P interaction = 0.026). Retinol intake could be a protective factor for CRC risk while this association could be strengthened among individuals carrying the homozygous AA genotype.