bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrosion behavior and mechanism of 316 stainless steel in NaCl–KCl–FeCl3 molten salt and vapor at 300°C
Authors: Yang Zhigang , Yin Huiqin , Guo Fangyuan , Chen Liuping , Lai Xing , Tang Zhongfeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of 316 stainless steel (316 SS) in NaCl–KCl–FeCl3 molten salt and vapor was studied at 300°C for 150, 300, and 500 h in Ar. The weight change, the micromorphology, element distribution, and crystal structure of the 316 SS alloy were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. 316 SS alloys suffered from weight loss, significant visible corrosion shedding, and corrosion holes. The corrosion holes and corrosion shedding block of the 316 SS alloys become more and more serious with the increase in corrosion time. The corrosion depth of the corroded 316 SS alloys in NaCl–KCl–FeCl3 molten salt and vapor for 500 h can even reach up to 20.0 and 14.0 μm, respectively. 316 SS alloys in NaCl–KCl–FeCl3 molten salts underwent a more serious corrosion attack than that in the NaCl–KCl–FeCl3 vapor at 300°C due to the strong oxidizing compound FeCl3 in the molten salt. It not only offers a new insight into the corrosion behavior of 316 SS alloys in the chloride salts and corresponding vapor but also enriches the corrosion databases of the chloride salts.
Corrosion monitoring of reinforced concrete structures: The DGZfP specification B12 Collaboration
Authors: Ebell Gino , Mayer Till Felix , Harnisch Jörg , Dauberschmidt Christoph 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCorrosion monitoring of reinforced or prestressed concrete structures has become increasingly important in recent years. Areas of application include components that are no longer accessible after completion or where potential field measurements cannot be carried out due to existing coatings. Corrosion monitoring can also be used to monitor the progress of corrosion in corroding systems, e.g. to prove the success of repair measures according to repair principle 8 in accordance with EN 1504‐9 or repair method 8.3 in accordance with the DIBt repair guideline. It also could be used to prove the functionality of cathodic corrosion protection systems in accordance with ISO 12696. Despite the increasing importance of corrosion monitoring, no guidelines or recommendations existed until 2018. This gap was closed by the English version of specification B12, “Corrosion Monitoring of Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Structures,” of the German Society for Non‐Destructive Testing, which was published in 2021. This article introduces specification B12 by explaining the basic measurement principles and illustrating the potential of corrosion monitoring in new and existing buildings.
Enhancing the Molecular Order and Vertical Component Distribution of the P3HT/O‐IDTBR System during Layer‐by‐Layer Processing
Authors: Liu Yadi , Zhang Tao , Zhang Rui , Guan Jian , Pan Jiaqi , Yu Xinhong , Zhang Qiang , Han Yanchun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe molecular order and vertical component distribution are critical to enhance the charge transport in layer‐by‐layer (LbL) processed active layer. However, the excessive inter‐diffusion between donor and acceptor layers during LbL processing irrepressibly reduces their ordered packing. Herein, a novel tactic to optimize the molecular order and vertical morphology of the active layer through suppressing the deep penetration of (5Z,5′Z)‐5,5′‐((7,7′‐(4,4,9,9‐tetraoctyl‐4,9‐dihydro‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6 ‐b′]dithiophene‐2,7‐diyl)bis(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole‐7,4‐diyl))bis(methanylylidene)) bis(3‐ethyl‐2‐thioxothiazolidin‐4‐one) (O‐IDTBR) to poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) film during LbL processing is proposed. This is enabled by inducing the formation of P3HT nanofibers through ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and solution aging. During the LbL processing, these nanofibers with high crystallinity reduce the damage of O‐IDTBR solution to P3HT film and restrict the penetration of O‐IDTBR into P3HT matrix. As a result, the P3HT nanofibers are preserved and the degree of vertical phase separation is enlarged in the LbL‐processed film. Meanwhile, the molecular order of both components is enhanced. The resulting morphology that featured as intertwined P3HT nanofibers/O‐IDTBR network efficiently promotes charge transport and extraction, boosting the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices from 6.70 ± 0.12% to 7.71 ± 0.10%.
‘Seaweed Appearance’ in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis: A New Dermoscopic Finding
Authors: Zhang Wei , Gu Lingxi , Feng Jianglong , Fan Hui , Lu Hongguang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis is an uncommon cancer. Vascular feature on dermoscopy is common in all forms of invasive squamous cell carcinoma, and the presence of the specific vascular features is often used to aid diagnosis. Here, we reported a new dermoscopic finding—seaweed-like vascular pattern in squamous cell carcinoma of the penis.
Anwendung von BIM im Kontext von Bauen 4.0 im Projekt Oberbürgermeister‐Karl‐Lehr‐Brückenzug Duisburg
Authors: Hüttig Lukas , Seitz Roland , Kropp Alexander , Hevelke Oliver 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDie Bauwirtschaft sieht sich mit steigenden Anforderungen, wie bspw. das Schaffen einer nachhaltigeren Baukultur und der notwendigen Steigerung der Effizienz, konfrontiert. Gelöst werden können diese Herausforderungen nur mithilfe moderner Planungs‐ und Baumethoden wie dem Building Information Modeling im Sinne von Bauen 4.0. Aufgrund der zunehmenden Forderungen zur Umsetzung der BIM‐Methode in Infrastrukturprojekten ist es für Unternehmen wichtig, Erfahrungen aufzubauen. Aus diesem Grund wurde durch die Firmengruppe Max Bögl das Projekt Oberbürgermeister‐Karl‐Lehr‐Brückenzug Duisburg mithilfe der BIM‐Methode in der Produktion und Bauausführung umgesetzt. Der vorliegende Beitrag liefert neben einem Überblick zum Projekt eine Zusammenfassung der angewendeten BIM‐Methoden und daraus gewonnenen Erkenntnisse.
Unraveling the Potential of Innovative Eco‐friendly Thermoplastic Starch/SEBS‐g‐MA/Graphene Oxide Bionanocomposites
Authors: Bibi Maria , Cochran Eric W. , Forrester Michael , Mushtaq Irrum , Fatima Kalsoom , Sarwar (Late) Muhammad Ilyas , Zulfiqar Sonia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe increasing focus on bionanocomposites as environmentally friendly solutions for sustainable applications forms the crux of this study. This study explores the influence of incorporating 2% graphene oxide (GO) on the mechanical and thermal characteristics of blends containing glycerol plasticized thermoplastic starch (TPS) and polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene‐ran‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene‐graft‐maleic anhydride (SEBS‐g‐MA), based matrix films through a solution casting method. Starch is successfully obtained from three varied sources: corn, cassava, and potato, with confirmation via fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The authors formulate and examine varying proportions of TPS/SEBS‐g‐MA (ranging from 10 to 50 wt.%), focusing on their biodegradability, and find that a 10 wt.% SEBS‐g‐MA concentration yields optimal degradation rates, thus this is kept constant. The bionanocomposite films are probed using techniques such as FTIR, XRD, mechanical strength testing, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), water absorption, and biodegradability studies. These results indicate that GO incorporation results in a robust hydrogen bonding network within the cassava starch‐based bionanocomposite films, enhancing their mechanical strength while decreasing their moisture absorption. Upgraded thermal properties of these films are also evident from the results. Consequently, these materials show promising utility, particularly in the realm of food packaging.
Data Cart: A Privacy Pattern for Personal Data Management in Organizations
Authors: Tolsdorf Jan , Iacono Luigi Lo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe European General Data Protection Regulation requires the implementation of Technical and Organizational Measures (TOMs) to reduce the risk of illegitimate processing of personal data. For these measures to be effective, they must be applied correctly by employees who process personal data under the authority of their organization. However, even data processing employees often have limited knowledge of data protection policies and regulations, which increases the likelihood of misconduct and privacy breaches. To lower the likelihood of unintentional privacy breaches, TOMs must be developed with employees’ needs, capabilities, and usability requirements in mind. To reduce implementation costs and help organizations and IT engineers with the implementation, privacy patterns have proven to be effective for this purpose. In this chapter, we introduce the privacy pattern Data Cart, which specifically helps to develop TOMs for data processing employees. Based on a user-centered design approach with employees from two public organizations in Germany, we present a concept that illustrates how Privacy by Design can be effectively implemented. Organizations, IT engineers, and researchers will gain insight on how to improve the usability of privacy-compliant tools for managing personal data.
Empirical Research Methods in Usable Privacy and Security
Authors: Distler Verena , Fassl Matthias , Habib Hana , Krombholz Katharina , Lenzini Gabriele , Lallemand Carine , Koenig Vincent , Cranor Lorrie Faith 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA variety of methods and techniques are used in usable privacy and security (UPS) to study users’ experiences and behaviors. When applying empirical methods, researchers in UPS face specific challenges, for instance, to represent risk to research participants. This chapter provides an overview of the empirical research methods used in UPS and highlights associated opportunities and challenges. This chapter also draws attention to important ethical considerations in UPS research with human participants and highlights possible biases in study design.
Expert Opinions as a Method of Validating Ideas: Applied to Making GDPR Usable
Authors: Johansen Johanna , Fischer-Hübner Simone 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis chapter presents two contributions; the first is a method and the second is the results of applying this method to usable privacy. First, we introduce a general method for validating ideas based on expert opinions. We adapt techniques that normally are used for validating data and apply them instead to analyze the expert opinions on the ideas under study. Since usually the expert opinions are varied, example-rich, and forward-looking, applying our method of ideas validation has the side effect of also identifying, in the process, open problems where the original studied ideas function as a foundation for further developments. Second, we employ a critical qualitative research, using theory triangulation to analyze the opinions coming from three groups of experts, categorized as “certifications,” “law,” and “usability.” These took part in a study where we thoroughly applied the method that we present here in order to validate five different types of ideas previously published under the collective title “Making GDPR Usable.” We will thus show how to validate ideas that come in the form of: a model, a definition, a prescriptive list, a set of criteria, and a form of rather general research idea as those usually appearing in position papers, namely “the need for evaluations and measuring of usability of privacy.”
Demographic Shifts, Household Energy Needs and Vulnerability
Authors: Bardazzi Rossella , Pazienza Maria Grazia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStructural changes in the population are bound to be intertwined with the energy transition in determining the evolution of household energy consumption. Most countries are characterized by shrinking total population, very fast ageing and smaller family size. These demographic shifts could enlarge the group of vulnerable individuals who are suffering for energy poverty. Being a single parent or living alone, having an increasing number of elderly or individuals with specific needs related to illness and disability in the family, significantly increases the chances of facing energy poverty. When studying the drivers of future energy demand, demographic shifts represent a crucial factor although they are usually overlooked in the estimated long-run projections of energy use which mainly takes into account only the population size. In this chapter, we summarize how demographic change is interlinked with energy transition with an analysis of the main issues related to changes in the composition and the age structure of the population and their effects on the future paths of energy consumption in Italy. Then we focus on the vulnerability of the elderly and on its main specific drivers as the affordability of energy expenditures and the energy efficiency of buildings and equipment. Moreover, we briefly look at the consequences of limited access to energy services on the social activities of the ageing population. Finally, price and income elasticity estimations add further evidence on the role of age and generation in household energy consumption. These findings are relevant in understanding how the expected structural demographic changes may affect the future trend of energy poverty.
On unitarity of the Coon amplitude
Authors: Bhardwaj Rishabh , De Shounak , Spradlin Marcus , Volovich Anastasia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Coon amplitude is a one-parameter deformation of the Veneziano amplitude. We explore the unitarity of the Coon amplitude through its partial wave expansion using tools from q-calculus. Our analysis establishes manifest positivity on the leading and sub-leading Regge trajectories in arbitrary spacetime dimensions D, while revealing a violation of unitarity in a certain region of (q, D) parameter space starting at the sub-sub-leading Regge order. A combination of numerical studies and analytic arguments allows us to argue for the manifest positivity of the partial wave coefficients in fixed spin and Regge asymptotics.
Impact of obesity on outcomes of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective analysis of a large clinical database
Authors: Lou Qiyan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the link between obesity and mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of a large clinical database. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality. The primary endpoint was 30-day death rate and the secondary endpoints were 90-day and 1‑year mortality.

Results
Overall, 418 patients with ARDS were enrolled in the study, including 185 women and 233 men (age: 70.7 ± 44.1 years; BMI: 28.7 ± 8.1 kg/m2). Compared with patients with normal weight, obese patients were younger (60.1 ± 13.7, p = 0.003) and a higher percentage of these patients were women (51.3% vs. 49.0%, p = 0.001). The HRs (95% CI) of 30-day mortality in the underweight, overweight, and obese populations were 1.82 (0.85, 3.90), 0.59 (0.29, 1.20), and 3.85 (1.73, 8.57), respectively, after adjustment for other confounding factors. A similar pattern was also seen for death after 90 days and after 1 year. A U-shaped association between BMI and 30-day mortality was discovered by curve fitting.

Conclusion
Obesity had a significant impact on the short- and long-term mortality in patients with ARDS. There was a U-shaped relationship between BMI and mortality, while a higher BMI was associated with an increased risk of death in patients with ARDS.
Identification of KASP markers and candidate genes for drought tolerance in wheat using 90K SNP array genotyping of near-isogenic lines targeting a 4BS quantitative trait locus
Authors: Liu Guannan , Liu Dongcheng , Zhang Aimin , Liu Hui , Mia Md Sultan , Mullan Daniel , Yan Guijun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Key message
This study identified a novel SNP and developed a highly efficient KASP marker for drought tolerance in wheat by genotyping NILs targeting a major QTL for drought tolerance using an SNP array and validation with commercial varieties.

Abstract
Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important winter crop worldwide and a typical allopolyploid with a large and complex genome. With global warming, the environmental volatility and incidence of drought in wheat-producing areas will increase. Molecular markers for drought tolerance are urgently needed to enhance drought tolerance breeding. Here, we genotyped four near-isogenic line (NIL) pairs targeting a major QTL qDSI.4B.1 on wheat chromosome arm 4BS for drought tolerance using the 90K SNP Illumina iSelect array and discovered a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (Excalibur_c100336_106) with consistent genotype–phenotype associations among all four NIL pairs and their parents. Then, we converted the SNP into a Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) marker, with an accuracy of 100% for the four NIL pairs and their parents and as high as 81.8% for the 44 tested wheat lines with known phenotypes collected from Australia and China. Two genes near this SNP were suggested as candidate genes for drought tolerance in wheat after checking the Chinese Spring reference genome annotation version 1.1. One gene, TraesCS4B02G085300, encodes an F-box protein reportedly related to the ABA network, a main pathway for drought tolerance, and another gene, TraesCS4B02G085400, encodes a calcineurin-like metallophos-phoesterase transmembrane protein, which participates in Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation regulatory system. Based on this work and previous research on pre-harvest sprouting, we established a quick and efficient general SQV-based approach for KASP marker development, integrating genotyping by SNP arrays (S) using NILs targeting major QTL for a specific trait (Q) and validating them with commercial varieties (V). The identified SNP and developed KASP marker could be applied to marker-assisted selection in drought breeding, and further study of the candidate genes may improve our understanding of drought tolerance in wheat.
The potential role of ChatGPT and artificial intelligence in anatomy education: a conversation with ChatGPT
Authors: Totlis Trifon , Natsis Konstantinos , Filos Dimitrios , Ediaroglou Vasilios , Mantzou Nikolaos , Duparc Fabrice , Piagkou Maria 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
A recent study published in the JMIR Med Educ Journal explored the potential impact of the Generative Pre-Train (ChatGPT), a generative language model, on medical education, research, and practice. In the present study, an interview with ChatGPT was conducted to determine its capabilities and potential for use in anatomy education (AE) and anatomy research (AR).

Methods
The study involved 18 questions asked of ChatGPT after obtaining an online subscription to the 4th edition. The questions were randomly selected and evaluated based on accuracy, relevance, and comprehensiveness.

Results
The ChatGPT provided accurate and well-structured anatomical descriptions, including clinical relevance and relationships between structures. The chatbot also offered concise summaries of chapters and helpful advice on anatomical terminology, even with complex terms. However, when it came to anatomical variants and their clinical significance, the chatbot’s replies were inadequate unless variants were systematically classified into types. ChatGPT-4 generated multiple-choice quizzes and matching questions of varying difficulty levels, as well as summaries of articles when presented with text. However, the chatbot recognized its limitations in terms of accuracy, as did the authors of the current study.

Conclusion
ChatGPT-4 can be a valuable interactive educational tool for students in the field of anatomy, encouraging engagement and further questions. However, it cannot replace the critical role of educators and should be used as a complementary tool. Future research should establish guidelines for ChatGPT’s optimal use and application in medical education.
Inadvertent intraocular injection of methylprednisolone in a patient with prior superior oblique tuck surgery
Authors: Felcida Vinaya , Tyagi Ajai K. , Kalogeropoulos Dimitrios 
Published: August 2023

Summary
Background
To report inadvertent intraocular methylprednisolone injection into an eye that had previously undergone superior oblique tuck surgery.

Material and methods
An observational case report.

Results
An inadvertent intraocular penetration occurred following periorbital methylprednisolone injection, which was performed via the superonasal quadrant to relieve trochlear pain in an eye that had undergone previous superior oblique tuck procedure. There was immediate loss of vision, afferent pupillary defect, and raised intraocular pressure. Fundoscopy revealed intravitreal and subretinal methylprednisolone with retinal detachment. Immediate removal of intravitreal and subretinal methylprednisolone was performed with a retinal reattachment procedure. Postoperatively, retinal necrosis was noted in the area that was in contact with methylprednisolone.

Conclusions
This case highlights the risk of inadvertent intraocular penetration while injecting through a limited periorbital space that has been previously operated on.
New progress of tuberculosis scar carcinoma
Authors: Sun Wenwen , Liu Yujin , Zhao Lishu , Wang Hao , Ye Li , Liu Xinyue , Xu Kandi , Chen Yu , Fan Lin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that scar tissue and fibrosis may increase the likelihood of developing malignancies. Specifically, scar tissue has been linked to the occurrence and progression of lung cancer (LC), though the precise mechanisms necessitate further research for explanation. Lung scarring can stem from various causes, with carcinogenesis on scarring lesions in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) being the most frequent (accounting for approximately 75% of cases). Notably, having previously cured, PTB is the second most common risk factor for LC after smoking, with approximately 3% of PTB patients experiencing LC as a secondary condition. This essay will delve into the mechanisms, treatment, and prognosis of tuberculosis scar carcinoma (TSC).