bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive behaviour of the branchial ectoparasite Bopyrus crangorum (Isopoda: Bopyridae) following ecdysis of the host Palaemon serrifer (Caridea: Palaemonidae)
Authors: Burgos Lorelie A. , Itani Gyo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The reproduction of bopyrid isopod parasites is thought to occur immediately following host ecdysis, but direct observations supporting this hypothesis are limited. The aim of this study was to describe the reproductive behaviour of the bopyrid isopod Bopyrus crangorum relative to host ecdysis based on video recordings. Several hours after host ecdysis, biphasic moulting of female parasites was observed. The cuticle of the posterior body was shed before that of the anterior body at an interval of 1 h. Two hours after female moulting, the male repeatedly moved from its initial position between the female pleopods and stopped at the anterior end of the fifth oostegite, immediately above the gonopore. To our knowledge, this repeated visiting behaviour by males has not been previously observed in bopyrid isopods. Oviposition through the female gonopore occurred 33 min later. The male-removal experiment showed that females with their males removed after visits to the gonopore oviposited eggs, whereas females with their males removed before visits did not. We propose that repeated visits by males to the gonopore are attempts to inseminate the female. We hypothesised that sperm are released onto the external surface of each gonopore and that the eggs are fertilised as they pass through the opening, which would explain the synchronous development of fertilised eggs inside the marsupium. The present study provides new information on the life history of bopyrid isopods, which allows for a better understanding of the host–parasite relationship.
The establishment of the invasive non-native macroalgaSargassum muticumin the north of Scotland
Authors: Want Andrew , Matejusova Iveta , Kakkonen Jenni E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe spread of the brown seaweedSargassum muticumis one of the best documented invasions of a non-native marine species. Observation of a potentially established population ofS. muticumin the Orkney Islands archipelago, located off the northern coast of Scotland, was reported by recreational snorkellers in 2019 and 2020. The present study summarises a focussed investigation to confirm its presence and current local distribution, using data from 46 survey sites monitored as a part of the Orkney Islands Council Harbour Authority monitoring programme. Findings in this study represent the most northerly record of an established population ofS. muticumin the United Kingdom, extending the latitudinal range in this country by 1.44° (159 km) northwards, and indicate only localised presence of this species. Analysis of a partial cytochrome oxidase I gene sequence confirmed the visual species identification. Possible vectors of introduction, gaps in the geographic range, local ecological and economic impacts, and the potential ameliorating factor of deep rockpools on wave exposed shores forS. muticumare discussed.
Multi-resolution habitat models of the Puerto Rican Nightjar Antrostromus noctitherus
Authors: Vilella Francisco J. , González Rafael 
Published: September 2023

Summary
The Puerto Rican Nightjar Antrostomus noctitherus is an endemic Caprimulgid found in dry coastal and lower montane forests of south-western Puerto Rico. Information on the species (e.g. abundance, nesting biology) has been mostly restricted to forest reserves (i.e. Guánica Forest and Susúa Forest) with limited information available from private lands. We collected stand-level vegetation structure and geographical information from forest reserves and private lands to model habitat suitability and distribution for the Nightjar. Results of the stand-level model indicated forest type and midstorey vegetation density best predicted Nightjar habitat. Our spatial model predicted considerably more Nightjar habitat (17,819.64 ha) located outside protected areas than previously reported. Further, the model highlighted several localities of importance for the species across southern Puerto Rico, all located within private lands. We used a patch occupancy approach to assess regions identified by the landscape-level model as suitable for the Nightjar and documented the presence of the species in 32 of 55 sites, located in 12 of 18 municipalities across southern Puerto Rico. The protection and restoration of forest across the southern coast of Puerto Rico would help to ensure the long-term persistence of the Nightjar across a considerable portion of its range. Addressing habitat needs may be the single most effective mechanism to achieve recovery of the species.
Geomorphic Process Chains in High‐Mountain Regions—A Review and Classification Approach for Natural Hazards Assessment
Authors: Mani Peter , Allen Simon , Evans Stephen G. , Kargel Jeffrey S. , Mergili Martin , Petrakov Dmitry , Stoffel Markus 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPopulations and infrastructure in high mountain regions are exposed to a wide range of natural hazards, the frequency, magnitude, and location of which are extremely sensitive to climate change. In cases where several hazards can occur simultaneously or where the occurrence of one event will change the disposition of another, assessments need to account for complex process chains. While process chains are widely recognized as a major threat, no systematic analysis has hitherto been undertaken. We therefore establish new understanding on the factors that directly trigger or alter the disposition for subsequent events in the chain and derive a novel classification scheme and parameters to aid natural hazard assessment. Process chains in high mountains are commonly associated with glacier retreat or permafrost degradation. Regional differences exist in the nature and rate of sequencing—some process chains are almost instantaneous, while other linkages are delayed. Process chains involving rapid sequences are difficult to predict, and impacts are often devastating. We demonstrate that process chains are triggered most frequently by progressive failures, being the result of gradual landscape weakening and not due to the occurrence of a distinct process. If fluvial processes are part of the process chain the reach (or mobility) of process chains is increased. Increased mobility can also occur if sediment deposition areas along river channels are activated. As climate changes causes glacial environments to transform into sediment‐rich paraglacial and fluvial landscapes, it is expected that the mobility of process chains will increase in the future.
Intensification of Extreme Rainfall in Indian River Basin: Using Bias Corrected CMIP6 Climate Data
Authors: Chaubey Pawan K. , Mall Rajesh K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe changing frequency of extreme rain events in the past few decades over the Indian river basins (IRBs) contributed to floods and drought and resulted in economic losses and gross domestic product. In this study, we evaluated the performance of 12 Global Circulation Models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6‐ experiment with India Meteorological Department observed data sets to reproduce the extreme rainfall events as well as project the changes in frequency and intensity of the hydroclimate extremes in future. We found that under low emission scenarios (SSP1‐2.6), the frequency of extreme rainfall is going to increase over the western ghat and northeast IRBs, while an increase in heavy rainfall intensity (14.3%) noticed under SSP2‐4.5 in the upper Ganga and Indus basin. Also, approximately 4%–10% of the heavy rainfall is projected to increase over the western part of IRBs during the Near (2021–2040) and Mid (2041–2060) future. The study explored the new hotspot regions for future urban flooding due to increasing pattern of heavy rainfall in future. Moreover, the lower Ganga basin will experience agricultural drought in near future due to decreasing areal mean rainfall, which needs to be seen by policymakers for managing the excess (less) water. Also, India's northern, central, and western river basins may experience more extremes under high‐emission (SSP5‐8.5) scenarios that indicate challenges to mitigation. The findings of this study highlight the importance of developing long‐term adaptation and mitigation strategies aimed at reducing hydroclimate vulnerability. It emphasizes the need to implement measures that enhance resilience and minimize risks associated with hydroclimate extremes at the basin level.
Socio‐Environmental Determinants of Mental and Behavioral Disorders in Youth: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Wertis Luke , Sugg Margaret M. , Runkle Jennifer D. , Rao Douglas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGrowing evidence indicates that extreme environmental conditions in summer months have an adverse impact on mental and behavioral disorders (MBD), but there is limited research looking at youth populations. The objective of this study was to apply machine learning approaches to identify key variables that predict MBD‐related emergency room (ER) visits in youths in select North Carolina cities among adolescent populations. Daily MBD‐related ER visits, which totaled over 42,000 records, were paired with daily environmental conditions, as well as sociodemographic variables to determine if certain conditions lead to higher vulnerability to exacerbated mental health disorders. Four machine learning models (i.e., generalized linear model, generalized additive model, extreme gradient boosting, random forest) were used to assess the predictive performance of multiple environmental and sociodemographic variables on MBD‐related ER visits for all cities. The best‐performing machine learning model was then applied to each of the six individual cities. As a subanalysis, a distributed lag nonlinear model was used to confirm results. In the all cities scenario, sociodemographic variables contributed the greatest to the overall MBD prediction. In the individual cities scenario, four cities had a 24‐hr difference in the maximum temperature, and two of the cities had a 24‐hr difference in the minimum temperature, maximum temperature, or Normalized Difference Vegetation Index as a leading predictor of MBD ER visits. Results can inform the use of machine learning models for predicting MBD during high‐temperature events and identify variables that affect youth MBD responses during these events.
Assessing the Effect of Precipitation on Asthma Emergency Department Visits in New York State From 2005 to 2014: A Case‐Crossover Study
Authors: Rai Arjita , Adeyeye Temilayo , Insaf Tabassum , Muscatiello Neil 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Earth's precipitation patterns are changing, and regional precipitation is expected to continue to increase in New York State (NYS). Heavy precipitation may negatively affect asthma prevalence through its effect on seasonally varying allergens. We employed a threshold analysis using a time‐stratified semi‐symmetric bi‐directional case‐crossover study design to assess the effect of increase in precipitation on asthma (ICD‐9 code 493.xx, N = 970,903) emergency department (ED) visits between 2005 and 2014 during non‐winter months in NYS. Spatially contiguous gridded meteorological data from North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) were utilized. We used conditional logistic regression models and stratified the analyses by seasons. During non‐winter months, we found a small, statistically significant risk of asthma ED visits for precipitation levels above 50 mm, with differences by season. These results suggest that heavy precipitation may be related to an increased risk of asthma ED visits. Gridded meteorological estimates provide a means of addressing the gaps in exposure classification, and these findings provide opportunities for further research on interactions with aeroallergens and meteorological conditions in the context of climate and health.
Lidar Observations of Predawn Thermosphere‐Ionosphere Na (TINa) Layers Over Boulder (40.13°N, 105.24°W): Annual Phase Variations and Correlation With Sunrise and Tidal Winds
Authors: Chen Yingfei , Chu Xinzhao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe have discovered that the peak phase time of predawn thermosphere‐ionosphere Na (TINa) layers (∼110–150 km altitude) undergoes clear annual variations with the earliest occurrence in summer and latest in winter over Boulder (40.13°N, 105.24°W), which are closely correlated to annual phase variations of sunrise and tidal winds. Such discoveries were enabled by the first characterization of 12 monthly composites of TINa layers from January through December using 7 years of lidar observations (2011–2017). Despite their tenuous densities, the predawn TINa layers have nearly 100% occurrence rate (160 out of 164 nights of observations). Monthly composites show downward‐phase‐progression TINa descending at similar phase speeds as Climatological Tidal Model of the Thermosphere tidal winds. These TINa layers occur in ion convergence but neutral divergence regions, modeled using tidal winds. These results support the formation mechanism (neutralization of converged TINa+ forming TINa) proposed previously and suggest that migrating tidal winds experience annual phase variations.
Uncovering new families and folds in the natural protein universe
Authors: Durairaj Janani , Waterhouse Andrew M. , Mets Toomas , Brodiazhenko Tetiana , Abdullah Minhal , Studer Gabriel , Tauriello Gerardo , Akdel Mehmet , Andreeva Antonina , Bateman Alex , Tenson Tanel , Hauryliuk Vasili , Schwede Torsten , Pereira Joana 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe are now entering a new era in protein sequence and structure annotation, with hundreds of millions of predicted protein structures made available through the AlphaFold database1. These models cover nearly all proteins that are known, including those challenging to annotate for function or putative biological role using standard homology-based approaches. In this study, we examine the extent to which the AlphaFold database has structurally illuminated this ‘dark matter’ of the natural protein universe at high predicted accuracy. We further describe the protein diversity that these models cover as an annotated interactive sequence similarity network, accessible athttps://uniprot3d.org/atlas/AFDB90v4. By searching for novelties from sequence, structure and semantic perspectives, we uncovered the β-flower fold, added several protein families to Pfam database2and experimentally demonstrated that one of these belongs to a new superfamily of translation-targeting toxin–antitoxin systems, TumE–TumA. This work underscores the value of large-scale efforts in identifying, annotating and prioritizing new protein families. By leveraging the recent deep learning revolution in protein bioinformatics, we can now shed light into uncharted areas of the protein universe at an unprecedented scale, paving the way to innovations in life sciences and biotechnology.
Proline concentrations in seedlings of woody plants change with drought stress duration and are mediated by seed characteristics: a meta-analysis
Authors: Kijowska-Oberc Joanna , Dylewski Łukasz , Ratajczak Ewelina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractProline accumulation represents one of mechanisms used by plants to prevent the adverse consequences of water stress. The effects of increased proline levels in response to drought differ among species. Trees are exposed to the long-term effects of climate change. The reproductive success of species in a specific environment depends on the functional trait of tree seeds. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of drought stress on the proline concentrations in seedling leaf tissues of woody plant species and their relationships to drought duration, seed mass, seed category and coniferous/deciduous classification. Drought duration exhibited a nonlinear effect on proline accumulations. The drought effect on proline accumulations is greater for deciduous than for coniferous species and is higher for orthodox seed species than for recalcitrant. The seedlings of large-seeded species showed greater effect sizes than those of small-seeded species. Our results suggest that there is an optimum level at which proline accumulations under the influence of drought are the highest. A link between seed functional traits, as well as the coniferous/deciduous classification, and proline concentrations in tree seedlings during water stress were determined for the first time. Proline may help to identify high-quality seeds of trees used for reforestation.
Electrochemical, surface morphological and computational evaluation on carbohydrazide Schiff bases as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic medium
Authors: Gupta Sujata Kumari , Mitra R. K. , Yadav Mahendra , Dagdag Omar , Berisha Avni , Mamba Bhekie B. , Nkambule Thabo T. I. , Ebenso Eno E. , Singh Shailendra Kumar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAnticorrosion and adsorption behaviour of synthesized carbohydrazide Schiff bases, namely (Z)-N′-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbohydrazide(MBTC) and (Z)-N′-(3,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbohydrazide (CBTC) was examined for mild steel (MS) in 15% HCl medium. The corrosion inhibition study was performed by using gravimetric, thermodynamic, electrochemical and theoretical studies including density functional theory (DFT), molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) and Monte Carlo simulations (MCS). The outcomes in terms of corrosion inhibition efficiency using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method at 303 K and 150 ppm concentration were 96.75% for MBTC and 95.14% for CBTC. Both inhibitors adsorbed on the MS surface through physical as well as chemical adsorption and followed the Langmuir isotherm. The mixed-type nature of both inhibitors was identified by polarization results. Surface analysis was done using FESEM, EDX, AFM and XPS studies and results showed that a protective layer of inhibitor molecules was developed over the surface of MS. The results of DFT, MCS and MDS are in accordance with experimental results obtained by weight loss and electrochemical methods.
A novel velocity band energy workflow for fiber-optic DAS interpretation and multiphase flow characterization
Authors: Ekechukwu Gerald. K. , Sharma Jyotsna , William Michael J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDistributed fiber-optic sensing continues to gain widespread adoption in the energy industry because of the numerous benefits it offers for real-time surface and subsurface monitoring of pipelines, wellbores, reservoirs, and storage infrastructure. In this study, we introduce a novel workflow to analyze optical fiber-based distributed acoustic sensor (DAS) data, which takes into account the speed of sound for a certain phase to filter the acoustic energy or signal contributed by that phase. This information is then utilized for the characterization of multiphase flow. The application of the proposed velocity band energy (VBE) workflow is demonstrated using a dataset acquired in a 5163-ft-deep wellbore, for estimating gas void fraction and real-time gas–liquid interface tracking across the length of the well. The workflow utilizes a series of signal processing and conditioning steps that aim to reduce noise and enhance the signals of interest. The insights from the new methodology will further assist in validating DAS-based flow monitoring algorithms, leak detection and quantification, and reservoir characterization.
Development of alkali activated paver blocks for medium traffic conditions using industrial wastes and prediction of compressive strength using random forest algorithm
Authors: Ganesh A. Chithambar , Mohana R. , Loganathan Parthiban , Kumar Vinod M. , Kırgız Mehmet Serkan , Nagaprasad N. , Ramaswamy Krishnaraj 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGeopolymer is an environment friendly construction material that could be synthesized using either the natural source or the industrial byproducts such as flyash and GGBS. The characteristics of the Geopolymer rely on the proportion of the flyash and GGBS and the concentration of the activator solution used. In this research work, the effect of partial replacement of flyash with GGBS in proportions such as 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% is investigated. Also Molarity of NaOH are tested from 8 to 14 M and both the parameters are optimized. In this optimized Geopolymer concrete, the utilization of iron slag as a partial substitute for river sand in various proportions such as 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 35, 40 and 45% are investigated. The optimized Geopolymer concrete with iron slag is investigated for its performance as a paver block with incorporation of banana fiber in proportions such as 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 and is compared with conventional cement concrete paver block. The results show that there is a significant enhancement in the properties of Geopolymer concrete with the different levels of optimization and the utilization of natural banana fiber. The developed sustainable paver block was found to with stand medium traffic conditions as per IS 15658:2006. Further this study employed random forest (RF) algorithm for the prediction of compressive strength of geopolymer concrete specimens for the variable parameters such as molarity of alkaline solution, Flyash/GGBS ratio and partial replacement of river sand with iron slag. The performance evaluation parameters represented high accuracy of developed RF model. This research work unleashes a heft potential of Geopolymer concrete to develop economical eco-friendly sustainable paver blocks to the society through mitigation of environmental strain on the ecosystem.
A new discovery of the bioluminescent terrestrial snail genus Phuphania (Gastropoda: Dyakiidae)
Authors: Pholyotha Arthit , Yano Daichi , Mizuno Gaku , Sutcharit Chirasak , Tongkerd Piyoros , Oba Yuichi , Panha Somsak 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe mysterious world of the bioluminescent molluscs in terrestrial ecosystems is mesmerizing, but Quantula striata was previously the only terrestrial mollusc known to be luminescent. Here, we document the new discovery of bioluminescence in four land snails, namely Phuphania crossei, P. globosa, P. carinata, and P. costata. Our observations establish clearly that these four species of Phuphania produce a continuous greenish light from the light-emitting cells located within the mantle and the foot, and that its bright luminescence is intracellular and is not due to any luminous secretion. Although both Quantula and Phuphania can produce a green light, the luminescence patterns are different. The luminescence displayed by Quantula is rhythmical blinking or flashing, while Phuphania glows continuously. In addition, the bioluminescence in Q. weinkauffiana is confirmed, which is similar to that in the related species, Q. striata.