bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal behavior and reaction to fire of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) treated with various salts and mineralization formulations
Authors: Franke Tom , Larnøy Erik 
Published: April 2023

<p>The reaction-to-fire properties of wood can be improved by the application of fire-retardants. However, a wide variety of fire retardants are of ecological and health-issue concerns. The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of various harmless and eco-friendly salts and after carrying out a 2-step mineralization process to obtain a calcium oxalate mineralized beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em>). Two mineralization formulations to obtain CaC2O4 were applied. First Formulation was a combination of the water- soluble salts K2C2O4 and CaCl2, where the second formulation was a combination of K2C2O4 and Ca(CH3COO)2. The two particular salts were impregnated into the wood, successively. These salts are intended to react in-situ to the heavily water-soluble mineral CaC2O4. To determine the impact of the various precursors, the reaction by products, which are appear during the mineralization process, as well as various retentions were focus of this study. The thermal behavior of the various treatments was determined by means of TGA measurements. The reaction to fire was carried out with a mass loss calorimeter. Special emphasis is set on the impact of the precursors and by products on the thermal behavior and the reaction to fire, as well as the performance of CaC2O4 after the by-products were leached out. An influence on the thermal degradation of beech wood after treatment with the salts and after the 2-step mineralization process could be demonstrated. Furthermore, the impact of various precursors and by-products on the reaction to fire was determined. Thereby, chlorine containing treatments show to have the biggest impact in improvement of the fire retardancy of wood. However, after leaching of the by-products, specimens which only contained CaC2O4 indicate satisfying improvement on the reaction to fire of the beech.</p>
Convex Lens in Double Slit Experiment
Authors: peng hui 
Published: April 2023

<p>The classical interpretation of Young’s double slit experiment is that, <em>before and after</em> passing through the double slit, the light behaves as waves. It is “the only mystery [of quantum mechanics] (Feynman). We proposed Postulates of convex lens for utilizing lens in wave experiments. By applying convex lens, we observed new phenomena of the double slit experiments, and referred as “new mystery”. </p>
<p>blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/b9a5f787-c362-4e1a-a088-63823ff12323</p>
<p>blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/108ed06e-a714-4fc1-a3ca-66bc1d20cd8a</p>
<p>blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/3bc0437b-623c-462b-a855-0bd07867a2db</p>
<p>blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/2e9cd581-982d-4e32-afd9-23ad3968b890</p>
<p>blob:https://www.techrxiv.org/3fd06dd0-2ae9-4ed7-b3b7-e870224e8b69</p>
<p>In this article, we show the focal point related phenomena attribute to a thin lens, and confirm Postulates of convex lens. The combination of Postulates of the convex lens and the geometrical theory of the lens may describe the function of the lens in the wave experiments. The convex lens is helpful in studying the mystery of the double slit experiment. It is the challenge to interpret the convex lens related phenomena in the wave experiments.</p>
A Short Survey on Malware Behavioural Features Collection from AgTech Environments
Authors: Aras Asim Ozan 
Published: April 2023

<p>Agriculture is considered one of the most critical domains for human beings. Currently, agriculture and supply chain businesses are becoming increasingly reliant on technology and interconnectivity. However, this inevitable necessity also brings about potential risks. Due to the widespread use of new technologies to improve productivity in agriculture, cybersecurity risks have inevitably emerged. To proactively mitigate the risks related to cybersecurity, it is important to understand the attack vectors, such as malware. Thus, malware analysis is indispensable for understanding the characteristics and behaviors of malware and developing defense strategies against malicious attacks based on data collected from the results.In the literature, two different techniques have been widely used to analyze malware: Static Analysis and Dynamic Analysis. While Static Analysis aims to investigate the structure of the malicious software at a low level, Dynamic Analysis focuses on the behavior of the malware when it is being executed. As executing malware may harm the host system, an isolated environment should be established for Dynamic Analysis.This study focuses on Malware Analysis in terms of the dynamic analysis approach. Additionally, an isolated, automated dynamic analysis platform was developed, and analysis was implemented in a virtual environment using Cuckoo and VirtualBox to collect data from analyzing various malware behaviors. This data can be used to create a partial test dataset that may contribute to developing defense strategies against malware. </p>
Identifying underlying individuality across running, walking, and handwriting patterns with conditional cycle–consistent generative adversarial networks
Authors: Burdack Johannes , Giesselbach Sven , Simak Marvin , Ndiaye Mamadou , Marquardt Christian , Schöllhorn Wolfgang Immanuel 
Published: April 2023

<p>In recent years, the analysis of movement patterns has increasingly focused on the individuality of movements. After long speculations about weak individuality, strong individuality is now accepted, and the first situation–dependent fine structures within it are already identified. Methodologically, however, only signals of the same movements have been compared so far. The goal of this work is to detect cross-movement commonalities of individual walking, running, and handwriting patterns using data augmentation. A total of 17 healthy adults (35.8 ± 11.1 years, eight women and nine men) each performed 627.9 ± 129.0 walking strides, 962.9 ± 182.0 running strides, and 59.25 ± 1.8 handwritings. Using the conditional cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (CycleGAN), conditioned on the participant’s class, a pairwise transformation between the vertical ground reaction force during walking and running and the vertical pen pressure during handwriting was learned in the first step. In the second step, the original data of the respective movements were used to artificially generate the other movement data. In the third step, whether the artificially generated data could be correctly assigned to a person via classification using a support vector machine trained with original data of the movement was tested. The classification F1–score ranged from 46.8% for handwriting data generated from walking data to 98.9% for walking data generated from running data. Thus, cross–movement individual patterns could be identified. Therefore, the methodology presented in this study may help to enable cross–movement analysis and the artificial generation of larger amounts of data.</p>
HCM-based Indoor Optical Wireless Communications: Timing and Data Recovery
Authors: Johar Masoud , Salehiyan Alireza , emadi mj , Nezamalhosseini S.Alireza 
Published: April 2023

<p>Light-fidelity (Li-Fi) is a promising solution to provide high-rate, secure, and green communications to be used in the next generation of wireless networks. Since visible or infrared (IR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are used as the optical source and have a nonlinear transfer function, the transmitted modulated signal can be distorted if the signal has a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Recently, a new modulation scheme called Hadamard-coded modulation (HCM) is proposed which has a low PAPR and produces symbols with discrete levels. In the HCM technique, the symbol levels can be created using multiple LEDs. Therefore, each LED operates in its linear region and just switches on or off. In this paper, a low-complexity transceiver architecture for the HCM-based communication links is proposed and a complete synchronization procedure based on the spread spectrum techniques is presented. Finally, the bit error rate of the system is evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations, and effects of system parameters such as preamble length, fall and rise time of optical devices, and timing jitter on the bit error rate of the link are discussed.<br>
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Capacity Enhancement for Multiple Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface based Index Modulation
Authors: Suwanda Nadhira Azizah , Lee Hye Yeong , Shin Soo Young 
Published: April 2023

<p>This study proposes the multiple reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) based index modulation (IM) called as MRB-IM, in order to improve the channel capacity by activating one or more RISs among multiple RIS (MRIS) and utilizing its number of combinations. The ergodic capacity analysis is derived to prove the validity of the simulation for the Rayleigh fading channel. Generally, MRIS suffers from inter-RIS interference (IRI) which is considered as the leverage of the secondary reflection amongst the MRIS. Despite having a larger capacity, the proposed MRB-IM has less of an impact on IRI because occurs among active MRIS. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system outperforms the existing MRIS in terms of capacity with and without IRI. In addition, bit error rates with different activation numbers of elements and RISs are shown. Here, the maximum likelihood on the receiver side is adopted to estimate the selected RIS index and information symbols in this study. </p>
Hubungan Pengetahuan, Pendidikan Ibu Hamil dan Pekerjaan Suami terhadap Kejadian Sifilis pada Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Muara Tembesi
Authors: Berliana Ketrin Yesi , Sulastri Sulastri 
Published: April 2023

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum which can cause quite severe conditions such as brain infections and body defects which can be dangerous if it occurs in pregnant women. This type of research is Observational Analytics with a cross-sectional research design which aims to determine the relationship between knowledge, education of pregnant women and husband's occupation of the incidence of syphilis in the Working Area of the Muara Tembesi Health Center in 2022. This research was conducted in February-April 2022 The population in this study was all pregnant women in the working area of the Muara Tembesi Health Center in 2021 totaled 338 people with a sample of 77 respondents. The sampling technique used is Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling. Data collection used a questionnaire with univariate and bivariate analysis with the statistical test used was chi-square. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge (ρ=0.003‹0.05), education (ρ=0.001‹0.05), and work (ρ=0.002‹0.05) on the incidence of syphilis in pregnant women. ‹0.05). It was concluded that the higher the knowledge, attitudes of pregnant women, and husband's support became the most dominant factors influencing the class of pregnant women
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Keikutsertaan Kelas Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Muaro Tembesi
Authors: Afranika Alexsi , Pratama Rini Mustikasari Kurnia 
Published: April 2023

Pregnant Women Class is a study group for pregnant women with a gestational age between 20 weeks to 32 weeks (before delivery) with a maximum number of 10 participants. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to the participation of pregnant women in the working area ofthe Muaro Tembesi Health Center.This research is a type of analytical research with a cross sectional design. The variables studied were age, occupation, availability of information, family support and knowledge, on class participation of pregnant women, population 44 people and the sampling technik uses total sampling so that the research sample 44 people. Sources of data in this study through primary data, data obtained through questionnaires adobted which been tested for validity and reliability, Bivariate and Univariate analysts uses statistic test Chi-Square. The results showed that there was a relationship between age and class participation of pregnant women with (p-value = 0.101>0.05), availability of information (p-value = 0.002>0.05), family support (p-value = 1.00> 0.05), and there is no relationship between work and class participation of pregnant women with (p-value = 0.000>0.05), knowledge (p-value = 0.000>0.05). It is hoped that the results of this research can be an input for health workers, especially midwives to improve the provision of health care, especially in the implementation of guidance, coaching and counseling activities in an effort to increase pregnant women in carrying out class activities for pregnant women.
Betwixt and Between 2-Factor Hamiltonian and Perfect-Matching-Hamiltonian Graphs
Authors: Romaniello Federico , Zerafa Jean Paul 
Published: April 2023

A Hamiltonian graph is 2-factor Hamiltonian (2FH) if each of its 2-factors is a Hamiltonian cycle. A similar, but weaker, property is the Perfect-Matching-Hamiltonian property (PMH-property): a graph admitting a perfect matching is said to have this property if each one of its perfect matchings (1-factors) can be extended to a Hamiltonian cycle. It was shown that the star product operation between two bipartite 2FH-graphs is necessary and sufficient for a bipartite graph admitting a 3-edge-cut to be 2FH. The same cannot be said when dealing with the PMH-property, and in this work we discuss how one can use star products to obtain graphs (which are not necessarily bipartite, regular and 2FH) admitting the PMH-property with the help of malleable vertices, which we introduce here. We show that the presence of a malleable vertex in a graph implies that the graph has the PMH-property, but does not necessarily imply that it is 2FH. It was also conjectured that if a graph is a bipartite cubic 2FH-graph, then it can only be obtained from the complete bipartite graph $K_{3,3}$ and the Heawood graph by using star products. Here, we show that a cubic graph (not necessarily bipartite) is 2FH if and only if all of its vertices are malleable. We also prove that the above conjecture is equivalent to saying that, apart from the Heawood graph, every bipartite cyclically 4-edge-connected cubic graph with girth at least 6 having the PMH-property admits a perfect matching which can be extended to a Hamiltonian cycle in exactly one way. Finally, we also give two necessary and sufficient conditions for a graph admitting a 2-edge-cut to be: (i) 2FH, and (ii) PMH.
A Precise Description Of The Economic Responsibility Of The Department Of Purchases And Storehouses According To The Concepts Of Effectiveness And Efficiency: A New Initiative To Enrich The Thought Of CSR
Authors: Saleh Younis A. Battal 
Published: April 2023

This study aims to identify and describe the economic responsibility of PWD, based on the concepts of effectiveness and efficiency. Method: To determine and describe the economic responsibilities of the departments that make up the FOS in any corporation, the concepts of effectiveness and efficiency in accomplishing the tasks assigned to those departments were chosen, taking into account the criteria for evaluating the level of quality of effectiveness and efficiency. Result: Through the concepts of effectiveness and efficiency in completing tasks, this study was able to determine and describe the economic responsibility for PWD that was chosen to be the subject of this study, as follows: Providing the tangible and intangible needs for other departments included in the corporation’s FOS in a timely manner, with the specified specifications and at the lowest possible cost.Originality/Value: The idea of this study, which depends on the concepts of effectiveness and efficiency in performing tasks, can be adopted in defining and describing the economic responsibilities of the departments included in the FOS of any for-profit corporation. The economic responsibility of the departments lies in the extent of their commitment to the standards of effectiveness and efficiency in the performance of the tasks assigned to them. This study is an enrichment of the thought of CSR and it will be considered the starting point for many studies and research in this field.
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility. Economic Responsibility. Effectiveness and Efficiency. Functional Organizational Structure. Purchasing and Warehouse Department.
Principals’ Leadership Style towards the Implementation of Decentralized School-Based Management in Selected Secondary Public Schools in Mandaluyong City, Philippines
Authors: Verbo Ryan Jay C. , Fernando Aljon I. , Cabrera Wendell C. 
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the conduct of this study was to identify the leadership styles of the school heads in implementing school-based management. Likewise, it also aimed to determine the relationship between the leadership styles of the principals and its current SBM level of practice. The study was undertaken in eleven (11) public secondary schools in Mandaluyong City with fifty-five (55) teacher-respondents who are members of their respective SBM team.
The mixed method design was used in the study. Correlational method of research was used to determine the relationship between the leadership styles and the corresponding current SBM level of practice. Survey questionnaire was utilized to identify the perceived leadership styles demonstrated by the principals in implementing SBM. An interview through focus group discussion was conducted to determine how leadership styles of the school heads affect the implementation of school-based management. As revealed in the results of the study, most of the members of the SBM team in each school perceived that Transformational leadership, Transactional leadership, Strategic leadership, and Democratic leadership are the frequently leadership styles employed by the principals in the implementation of the school-based management. Likewise, since the computed value 22.00 using the chi-square test is greater than the tabular value 18. 307 at 0.05 alpha and 10 degrees of freedom, the null hypothesis was rejected and concludes that there is a significant relationship between the principals’ leadership style and the status of the SBM level of practice. Most of the participants of the study perceived that leadership styles of the principals directly affect the performance of the whole team in achieving the status of SBM level of practice. A school head with a strong leadership would mean significant and better results as to compare to a school head who most of the time delegated the tasks directly to his team.
Emission Line Profile Variations in the Early Coronal Phase of the Nova V2944 Ophiuchi
Authors: Rudy Richard J. , Russell Ray W. , Sitko Michael L. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
V2944 Ophiuchi was a Fe ii type novae that reached moderate excitation and displayed large variations among the profiles of its emission lines. The profiles become increasingly double-peaked as the ionization level of the parent ion increases. At the extremes, H i and O i have flat-topped profiles while the coronal features [Si vii] and [Ca viii] peak in the line wings and have centers that fall to near the continuum level. He ii, N v, and [Si vi] display intermediate behavior but in the same sense that the line center depth is smallest for He ii and largest for [Si vi. A possible explanation for these profile variations is that the emission line region is ring-like in structure and becomes increasingly flattened as line excitation increases.
Evaluation of Bacillus clausii CSI08, Bacillus megaterium MIT411 and a Bacillus cocktail on gastrointestinal health: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study
Authors: Rea K. , Colom J. , Simon E. A. , Khokhlova E. , Mazhar S. , Barrena M. , Enrique M. , Martorell P. , Perez B. Alvarez , Tortajada M. , Phipps C. , Deaton J. 
Published: April 2023

In the present study, the safety, tolerance and impact of 1×109 cfu Bacillus clausii CSI08, 1×109 cfu Bacillus megaterium MIT411 and a probiotic cocktail containing Bacillus subtilis DE111®, Bacillus megaterium MIT411, Bacillus coagulans CGI314, and Bacillus clausii CSI08 with a total count of 2.0×109 cfu administered daily were assessed as compared with a maltodextrin containing placebo control. A total of 98 study participants received daily doses for 45 days, followed by a washout period of 2 weeks. A questionnaire to capture the incidence and duration of upper respiratory tract, urinary tract and/or gastrointestinal complaints and a diary to capture stool regularity and consistency was kept daily to record compliance throughout the 45 days. Faecal and blood samples were collected for microbiological and haematological analysis at the start and end of the treatment period. The probiotic cocktail significantly decreased the incidence of loose stools throughout the entire study. The recorded respiratory, urinary and gastrointestinal symptoms, defecation frequency and other stool consistency were not influenced. No clinically relevant changes in blood parameters, such as liver and kidney function and no serious adverse events appeared during and after administration. There were no changes in symptoms including sadness, irritability, energy, appetite, tension, stress, sleep, cardiovascular events, aches and pains, and dizziness as determined by a mood questionnaire administered to participants at baseline and at the end of the treatment period. Similarly, the measured inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant levels, cholesterol, triglycerides, free amino acids or minerals remained unaffected. There were no negative changes in alpha or beta diversity of the microbiota with any of the treatment groups. These promising data suggest that these treatments were safe and well tolerated, and further work with larger cohorts are justified to determine the efficacy of these potential probiotics in select demographic groups.
Trial registration number with clinicaltrials.gov at NCT 04758845.
Le retable de Carrières-sur-Seine : étude des vestiges d’une riche polychromie du xiie siècle
Authors: Cascio Agnès , Deschamps-Tan Stéphanie , Le Pogam Pierre-Yves 
Published: April 2023

À l’occasion de sa présentation lors de l’exposition temporaire « Les premiers retables (xiie-début du xve siècle). Une mise en scène du sacré » au musée du Louvre en 2009, le retable de Carrières-sur-Seine a bénéficié d’une étude puis d’une restauration effectuée entre 2006 et 2008. La polychromie de cette sculpture, lacunaire à 90 %, qui plus est extrêmement fragile, a été refixée, nettoyée et certains repeints ont été éliminés. Bien qu’associé au premier art gothique par les circonstances de sa commande, ce retable présente une polychromie relevant encore de l’esthétique romane, fondée sur une harmonie de couleurs vives et contrastées, telles le rouge vermillon, le bleu lapis-lazuli, le blanc et l’or. Les architectures et les rinceaux qui encadrent les scènes étaient également vivement colorés de rouge, de vert et de bleu.