bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Auto‐Associative Polynomial Convolutional Neural Network With Gorilla Troops Optimization for an Effective Millimeter‐Wave Path Loss Modeling in 5G‐IoT Mobile Communication System
Authors: Eswaramoorthi R. , Pullarao Matta Venkata , C. Kavitha B. , K. Priyadarsini 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPath loss modeling (PLM) for mmWave communications (mWC) is challenging due to the dynamic propagation environment, making it critical for effective 5G network planning and analysis. In this manuscript, hierarchical auto‐associative polynomial convolutional neural network with gorilla troops optimization (GTO) is proposed for path loss modeling in mmWave 5G‐IoT mobile communication systems (HA‐PCNN‐PLM‐mWC‐5G). The input images depicting buildings and roadways are obtained from Google Maps and enhanced local area multiscanning (E‐LAMS) with distance dependencies are used to improve feature learning. Here, the improved bilateral texture filtering (IBTF) is applied to reduce noise in the input images and enhance image quality. Additionally, the spatial and spectral features are then extracted using the fast discrete curvelet transform with wrapping (FDCT‐WRP), and these features are fed into the HA‐PCNN model for path loss prediction. The model's performance is further improved through parameter optimization using GTO. Here, the implementation of the proposed model is done in Python tool and the performance metrics are analyzed. Thus, the proposed approach attains 6.2%, 2.27%, 4.08%, 11.88%, and 12.32% higher accuracy, 13.07%, 14.41%, 16.61%, 18.03%, and 9.08% lower mean squared error, and 27.55%, 24.05%, 23.48%, 20.05%, and 18.95% lower computation time than the existing approaches like AE‐CNN‐mmW‐PLM‐5G, ML‐PLP‐mWL‐5G, CNN‐mmW‐PLM‐FWA, ML‐SRM‐IoT, and PLP‐EE‐5G, respectively. Thus, the proposed model improves the accuracy of mmWave communication prediction in 5G‐IoT systems, offering a more reliable solution for future 5G network implementations.
The Role of Host‐Range Expansion and Co‐Speciation in Host–Parasite Associations With the Divergence of the Great Tit Species Complex
Authors: Huang Xi , Ellis Vincenzo A. , Peng Yangyang , Ishtiaq Farah , Wang Haitao , Liang Wei , Wu Qiang , Bensch Staffan , Dong Lu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDuring the evolution of parasites, co‐speciation and host‐range expansion are thought to play roles in establishing associations with hosts, while sorting events can lead to dissolution of those associations. To address the roles of these processes, we focus on avian haemosporidian parasites infecting hosts of the intensively studied great tit species complex. We estimated the phylogeography of lineages detected in the species complex, and quantified their transition probabilities among hosts. Lineages detected in different host species presented a strong geographical signal but did not form monophyletic groups. Yet, distributions of lineages are not merely the result of their dispersal limitations, as many lineages that infect only one focal species can be found in birds sympatric with other focal species. Besides, closely related lineages that infect the same host species reach more similar rates of infection than expected by chance. Finally, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon lineages infecting P. major, the most recently dispersed species, were more generalized than others, consistent with a pattern of generalist parasites expanding their host ranges by infecting newly encountered host species. Our results suggest that host–parasite associations in this system are mainly the result of sorting events and host‐range expansion of parasites, rather than co‐speciation.
Pseudogymnoascus destructans environmental reservoir decreases 11 years after an outbreak of white‐nose syndrome
Authors: Vanderwolf Karen J. , McAlpine Donald F. , Ryan Caleb C. , Broders Hugh G. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWhite‐nose syndrome is a skin disease of bats caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd). Pd has devastated populations of some bat species in North America, where environmental reservoirs of the fungus are considered a threat to the persistence of bat populations. However, long‐term patterns of Pd environmental persistence in North American hibernacula are unknown. We swabbed hibernacula walls 11 years after the invasion of Pd into Maritime Canada in 2011. This is the first study to examine the persistence of Pd in North American hibernacula >7 years after the first documentation of Pd at a site. The proportion of hibernacula wall swabs with viable Pd decreased over time, with 40.6% of wall swabs positive (n = 32) in 2012, 35.0% (n = 40) in 2015, and 1.7% (n = 120) in 2022. In early winter 2022, 41.18% (n = 17) of bats (Myotis lucifugus, M. septentrionalis, and Perimyotis subflavus) were Pd‐positive compared to 6.67% (n = 15) in late winter, a low prevalence and the opposite pattern compared to the first 4 years after Pd invasion to sites. Our results suggest that Pd loads in the environment naturally decrease to low or undetectable levels over time in our study region. Since attempts to reduce environmental reservoirs have a high likelihood of negative nontarget effects on hibernacula ecosystems, and a low likelihood of completely eradicating Pd, actions to reduce environmental reservoirs in hibernacula should consider deprioritizing sites where Pd has been present >10 years. We urge the collection of further data across hibernacula sites with varied geochemistry, microclimates, organic matter availability, timing of Pd arrival, and surviving bat colony sizes. This will allow a more comprehensive assessment of this strategy.
Evidence‐Based Umbrella Review of Non‐Invasive Neuromodulation in Chronic Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Duarte‐Moreira Rafael Jardim , Shirahige Lívia , Rodriguez‐Prieto Indira Enith , Alves Maércio Maia , Lopes Tiago da Silva , Baptista Rachel Fontes , Hazime Fuad Ahmad , Zana Yossi , Kubota Gabriel Taricani , de Andrade Daniel Ciampi , Yeng Lin Tchia , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Dáquer Egas Caparelli Moniz de Aragão , Sá Katia Nunes , Monte‐Silva Kátia , Baptista Abrahão Fontes 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectiveNon‐invasive neuromodulation techniques (NIN), such as transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), have been extensively researched for their potential to alleviate pain by reversing neuroplastic changes associated with neuropathic pain (NP), a prevalent and complex condition. However, treating NP remains challenging due to the numerous variables involved, such as different techniques, dosages and aetiologies. It is necessary to provide insights for clinicians and public healthcare managers to support clinical decision‐making. This umbrella review aims to consolidate existing evidence on the effectiveness of various NIN in managing chronic NP.Databases and Data TreatmentA systematic search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE database, including meta‐analyses of controlled trials comparing NIN techniques with sham interventions for NP treatment. The quality of included studies was assessed using the AMSTAR‐2 tool and the GRADE system, with effect sizes adjusted to the standard mean difference (SMD).ResultsThe review included 22 meta‐analyses comprising 8151 participants from 214 controlled trials. The most investigated NIN techniques were tDCS and rTMS, with primary targets being the motor cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The findings suggest that excitatory protocols, particularly high‐frequency rTMS and anodal tDCS, are effective in reducing pain intensity in individuals with NP. However, the overall quality of evidence was rated low, primarily due to heterogeneity among studies and small sample sizes.ConclusionNIN techniques show promise in managing NP, with potential benefits in pain reduction. However, further high‐quality research is needed to establish optimal protocols and long‐term effects.Significance StatementThis paper consolidates the evidence regarding non‐invasive neuromodulation for the treatment of neuropathic pain, including differentiating the most effective techniques based on the aetiology of pain, and provides clinicians with easy access to this critical information. It also highlights key aspects that require further research in the field of non‐invasive neuromodulation and neuropathic pain.
Policy process theories in Europe: A survey of who uses them, where, and why
Authors: Cairney Paul , Fullerton Allegra H. , Denny Emily St. , Weible Christopher M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMany US policy process theories have been applied as much in Europe as in the US. We assess this journey in three ways. First, we use published reviews of the field to identify the high quantity of applications and their concentration in Western European liberal democracies. Second, we identify the absence of a typical European country experience and our expectation of finding variability across European countries when applying US theories. Third, we survey policy scholars in Europe on how and why they apply US theories to European contexts. Our survey establishes what theories they applied, why, and to what effect. It takes forward a new research agenda on the international application of mainstream policy theories.
Commodity Futures Characteristics and Asset Pricing Models
Authors: Yiyi Qin , Cai Jun , Zhu Jie , Webb Robert 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA latent‐factor model based on the instrumented principal component analysis (IPCA) methodology of Kelly et al. outperforms existing factor models in explaining cross‐sectional variations in commodity futures returns. The model allows for observed commodity futures characteristics to work as instruments for unobservable dynamic factor loadings. We find that the relationship between characteristics and commodity futures returns is driven by compensation for exposure to latent risk factors (beta) rather than compensation for exposure to mispricing (alpha). Three latent factors deliver more powerful explanations than any number of observable factors. Among a collection of 20 characteristics, only three are significantly related to latent factor betas. These three characteristics are momentum, expected shortfall, and idiosyncratic volatility.
χ‐sepnet: Deep Neural Network for Magnetic Susceptibility Source Separation
Authors: Kim Minjun , Ji Sooyeon , Kim Jiye , Min Kyeongseon , Jeong Hwihun , Youn Jonghyo , Kim Taechang , Jang Jinhee , Bilgic Berkin , Shin Hyeong‐Geol , Lee Jongho 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMagnetic susceptibility source separation (χ‐separation), an advanced quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) method, enables the separate estimation of paramagnetic and diamagnetic susceptibility source distributions in the brain. Similar to QSM, it requires solving the ill‐conditioned problem of dipole inversion, suffering from so‐called streaking artifacts. Additionally, the method utilizes reversible transverse relaxation () to complement frequency shift information for estimating susceptibility source concentrations, requiring time‐consuming data acquisition for (e.g., multi‐echo spin‐echo) in addition to multi‐echo GRE data for . To address these challenges, we develop a new deep learning network, χ‐sepnet, and propose two deep learning‐based susceptibility source separation pipelines, χ‐sepnet‐ for inputs with multi‐echo GRE and multi‐echo spin‐echo (or turbo spin‐echo) and χ‐sepnet‐ for input with multi‐echo GRE only. The neural network is trained using multiple head orientation data that provide streaking artifact‐free labels, generating high‐quality χ‐separation maps. The evaluation of the pipelines encompasses both qualitative and quantitative assessments in healthy subjects, and visual inspection of lesion characteristics in multiple sclerosis patients. The susceptibility source‐separated maps of the proposed pipelines delineate detailed brain structures with substantially reduced artifacts compared to those from the conventional regularization‐based reconstruction methods. In quantitative analysis, χ‐sepnet‐ achieves the best outcomes followed by χ‐sepnet‐, outperforming the conventional methods. When the lesions of multiple sclerosis patients are classified into subtypes, most lesions are identified as the same subtype in the maps from χ‐sepnet‐ and χ‐sepnet‐ (paramagnetic susceptibility: 99.6% and diamagnetic susceptibility: 98.4%; both out of 250 lesions). The χ‐sepnet‐ pipeline, which only requires multi‐echo GRE data, has demonstrated its potential to offer broad clinical and scientific applications, although further evaluations for various diseases and pathological conditions are necessary.
Organisational Inequalities and the Myth of Meritocracy: How They Impede Employee Task Performance?
Authors: Khan Jawad , Zhang Qingyu , Salameh Anas A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have overlooked organisational inequalities and their influence on employee task performance. Anchored in equity theory, we address this gap by examining how promotion and compensation inequalities relate to employee task performance. Further, this study examines the myth of meritocracy as an underlying mechanism and overall perceived distributive justice as a boundary condition. Data were gathered from 471 employees and 39 supervisors. The findings reveal that promotion and compensation inequalities negatively impact employees' task performance. Moreover, the study proposes that the myth of meritocracy acts as a mediator in the relationship between promotion and compensation inequalities and employees' task performance. In addition, overall perceived distributive justice moderates the relationship between promotion, compensation inequalities and the myth of meritocracy and indirectly affects employee task performance through the mediating role of the myth of meritocracy. The study extends the literature on organisational inequalities and task performance and also offers practical insights for organisations for interventions to tackle the issues of organisational inequalities.
“What Are Some of the Things You Are Worried About?”: An Analysis of Youth's Open‐Ended Responses of Current Worries
Authors: Heffer Taylor , Borg Meghan E. , Willoughby Teena 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionThere is widespread concern that contemporary global issues (e.g., climate change, technology use) are exacerbating a “youth wellbeing crisis.” However, we have heard little about this issue from youth themselves. To ascertain whether youth themselves are worried about global issues, their mental health, or other aspects of their life, we asked youth an open‐ended question about their current worries. Further, we assessed whether mental health was related to self‐generated worries.MethodsParticipants, 516 youth 13–19 years old (Mage = 15.60, SD = 1.65, 48.2% female) from Canada, responded to the question: “What are some of the things you are worried about?” Youth also self‐reported on demographics, social anxiety, depressive symptoms, and general worry.ResultsYouth generated a range of worries, with the most common worries being school and their future. Few adolescents directly mentioned the state of the world, covid, or their own mental health. Worries were differentially associated with mental health problems and youth who reported worrying about “everything” or reported many worries had worse mental health compared to peers.ConclusionsContemporary issues, that often are cited as a concern, were not a focal point of youth's responses. Asking open‐ended questions to youth about their worries may be a way to identify which youth may be experiencing poor mental health.
Academic Burden and Emotional Problems Among Adolescents: A Longitudinal Mediation Analysis
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Wang Ziyao , Yang Yuting , Wang Tingting , Lin Haijiang , Zhang Wei , Chen Xiaoxiao , Fu Chaowei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionExisting research indicates high prevalence of emotional problems among adolescents with excessive academic burden, yet the underlying reasons are not well understood. This study aimed to explore loneliness, physical activity, and sleep as potential mediating pathways between academic burden and emotional problems in adolescents.MethodsA longitudinal cohort study was conducted among middle and high school students in Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, with data collected at three time points. The study included 2965 adolescents, with a mean age of 15.2 years (SD = 1.7), of whom 48.0% were female. Most participants came from families with middle to high economic status (94.8%). Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the direct associations between academic burden (measured by study time and academic stress) and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Additionally, the indirect associations were explored through three mediators: loneliness, physical activity, and sleep.ResultsHigher academic stress at T1 was directly associated with more severe depressive symptoms at T3. Sleep (indirect effect 0.11, 95% CI 0.09–0.13), loneliness (0.10, 0.08–0.11) and physical activity (0.01, 0.002–0.012) at T2 mediated the relationship, accounting for 31.0%, 26.8%, and 1.8% of the total association of academic stress, respectively. For anxiety symptoms, sleep (0.11, 0.09–0.14) and loneliness (0.07, 0.05–0.08) mediated the association of academic stress with longitudinal mediation effect sizes of 34.1% and 20.6%, respectively. Study time was only associated with the outcomes indirectly via academic stress.ConclusionsOur results highlight the importance of behavioral and psychosocial differences related to academic burden in understanding the severity of mental health problems in adolescents.
A Comprehensive Appraisal of Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids Isolated From Genus Cyclea for Anticancer Potential
Authors: Valsan Alisha , Omanakuttan Vishnu K. , Radhakrishnan Kokuvayil Vasu , Maiti Kaustabh Kumar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe pharmaceutical industry and academia are continuously searching for novel and effective anticancer lead compounds to ensure patient safety, provide a cure, and surpass all other obstacles. Given the indeterminate nature of cancer etiology, the importance of drugs capable of targeting multiple pathways cannot be overstated. Among naturally occurring compounds, bisbenzylisoquinoline (BBIQ) alkaloids, such as berberine, tetrandrine, chelidonine, and berbamine, have demonstrated significant anticancer potential by modulating diverse signaling pathways. Several of these compounds are currently in clinical trials, highlighting their relevance in cancer treatment. This review emphasizes the need for further investigation into the anticancer properties of BBIQ alkaloids, particularly those isolated from eight Cyclea species in India. With around 27 BBIQ alkaloids identified, these compounds hold promise, especially in combating multidrug resistance—a critical challenge in cancer therapy. Given the rising cancer incidence, these alkaloids warrant a deeper exploration of their therapeutic potential.
Recent Insights Into Wnt‐Related tRNA‐Derived Fragments (tRFs) in Human Diseases
Authors: Shen Jinze , Wang Qurui , Huang Qinyuan , Ying Xiaowei , Wang Zehua , Xu Zhengfeng , Dong Jingyin , Duan Shiwei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTtRNA‐derived fragments (tRFs) are a newly recognized class of small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) that play significant roles in various diseases. The Wnt pathway plays a key role in various physiological processes such as embryonic development, tissue renewal and regeneration. In the regulation of Wnt/β‐catenin, Forkhead box k1(FOXK1), Frizzled class receptor 3 (FZD3), and Wnt5b can be targeted and inhibited by three tRFs: tRF3008A targets FOXK1 to inhibit colorectal cancer (CRC), 5′‐tiRNAVal targets FZD3 to inhibit breast cancer (BrC), and tRF‐22‐8BWS7K092 targets Wnt5b to induce ferroptosis in lung cells. Additionally, tRF‐24‐V29K9UV3IU can inhibit the levels of FZD3, Van Gogh‐like protein 1 (VANGL1), and cyclin D2 (CCND2) through an unexplained mechanism and play a role in inhibiting gastric cancer (GC). Clinical data has shown that the expression levels of certain tRFs are associated with the prognosis and pathological features of CRC and BrC patients. Low expression of tRF3008A is associated with poor prognosis and adverse pathological features in CRC patients, while high expression of tiRNA‐Phe‐GAA‐003 and low expression of 5′‐tiRNAVal are associated with poor prognosis and adverse pathological features in BrC patients. KEGG analysis has also shown that a variety of tRFs are involved in regulating the Wnt pathway and have been shown to play a role in a variety of diseases. For example, high expression of tRF‐Gly‐CCC‐039 is associated with poor healing of diabetic foot, low expression of tsRNA‐10277 is associated with high incidence of steroid‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH), high expression of tRF‐22‐8BWS7K092 is correlated with the severity of acute lung injury (ALI), and low expression of tsRNA‐21109 is associated with the severity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and high expression of tRF‐36‐F900BY4D‐84KRIME and tRF‐23‐87R8WP9IY, as well as low expression of tRF‐40‐86J8WPMN1E8Y7Z2R, were associated with high incidence of varicose vein (VV), and high expression of ts‐34, was associated with high mortality of BrC. This article summarizes the biological function and mechanism of tRFs related to the Wnt pathway in cancer and other diseases, providing a new direction for subsequent translational medical research.
The use of lateral wedge insoles delays osteoarthritis progression and improves clinical outcomes in medial meniscus posterior root repair
Authors: Kawada Koki , Yokoyama Yusuke , Okazaki Yuki , Tamura Masanori , Ozaki Toshifumi , Furumatsu Takayuki 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of using a lateral wedge insole (LWI) during the first 3 months after medial meniscus posterior root (MMPR) repair.MethodsOverall, 179 patients were categorized into LWI use (LWI group, 90 patients) and nonuse (control group, 89 patients) groups. Patients in the LWI group were instructed to wear an LWI from the initiation of load bearing up to 3 months postoperatively. Medial meniscus extrusion (MME) was evaluated preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively, Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grade and clinical scores were evaluated preoperatively and 2 years postoperatively, and second‐look arthroscopic meniscal healing scores were evaluated at 1 year postoperatively.ResultsThe proportion of patients with KL grade progression at 2 years postoperatively was significantly lower in the LWI group than in the control group (23.3% vs. 39.3%; p = 0.024). Change in the MME at 1 year postoperatively was significantly smaller in the LWI group than in the control group (1.1 ± 1.2 vs. 1.6 ± 1.4 mm; p = 0.042). The Lysholm score (p = 0.003) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores‐sport and recreation function (p = 0.027) at 2 years postoperatively were significantly superior in the LWI group than in the control group. The arthroscopic meniscal healing score after 1 year was not significantly different between the LWI and control groups (total score, 7.6 ± 1.1 vs. 7.4 ± 1.3 points; p = 0.732). The anteroposterior width of the repaired posterior root at 1 year second‐look evaluation was significantly broader in the LWI group than in the control group (7.7 ± 1.6 vs. 6.9 ± 1.6 mm; p = 0.001).ConclusionsThe use of LWI is an effective way to delay postoperative osteoarthritis progression and improve clinical outcomes after MMPR repair.Level of EvidenceLevel III.