bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
False Data Injection Attacks in Power Systems
Authors: Amir Ameli , Hamed Sarjan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPower networks are among the most critical infrastructures of any society, since other infrastructures are dependent on power and energy systems. Recently, there has been a trend toward harnessing Information Technology (IT) in power networks to enhance their performance and improve their consumer centricity. This movement, however, has exposed power systems to cyberattacks. Among various types of cyber intrusions, False Data Injection Attack (FDIA) is the most important one, since it stealthily intercepts the legitimate traffic and/or injects malicious data into the system, thus resulting in severe physical and economic damages. There has been a substantial increase in the number of reported FDIAs in recent years, which indicates the necessity of extensive research on vulnerabilities of power systems to FDIAs, probable attack models, impacts of such intrusions, and the possible preventive and detective measures. On this basis, this article presents a comprehensive review of FDIAs in power networks, with a particular focus on attack targets and adversarial methods. Additionally, it elaborates on various types of FDIAs, their implementation steps and strategies, and the vulnerabilities of various components and schemes to this type of attack. Finally, the it briefly discusses FDIA detection techniques in power grids.
Sources of variation in estimating breeding success of migratory birds from autumn counts
Authors: Jensen Gitte Høj , Johnson Fred A. , Madsen Jesper 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Understanding drivers of change in population sizes requires estimation of demographic rates such as survival and productivity. In migratory geese, productivity or breeding success is typically assessed at the autumn staging and wintering grounds by observing the number of young versus adults in flocks of geese—also called age counts. Such age counts are, however, likely to be affected by a number of factors as we are compelled to sample from an open population, in which the temporal and spatial age composition can vary due to differential migration, mortality and flocking behaviour.

In this study we seek to provide guidance for the design of age counts, by identifying which factors need to be taken into account when collecting data. Identification of these factors will facilitate a more targeted data collection and enable better conservation and management recommendations. We use the long‐term age count dataset for the Svalbard population of the pink‐footed goose and focus on the following factors: May thaw days on Svalbard, region of sampling, flock size, time and cumulative harvest, calculated as the amount of shot individuals up to each observation of juveniles.

We find that the temporal trend in goose productivity based on raw data will be affected by variation in how (which flock sizes), where (which region) and when (which Julian day) the data have been collected.

The sources of variation in observations of goose productivity confound inference at the population level. Thus, if the goal is to follow changes in annual productivity, pooled totals of age counts are only useful if data are collected following a random design. We recommend adjusting for these effects using a demographic population model, particularly for hunted species where age counts are conducted during the hunting season and where annual population assessment work is used to recommend an optimal harvest strategy and allocation of hunting quotas. These considerations not only apply to geese, but more generally to migratory birds where breeding and non‐breeding segments or age groups partially segregate in time and space in autumn.
Trajectories of physical and relational aggression across early childhood: Relations with peer risk factors
Authors: Perry Kristin J. , Ostrov Jamie M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe goal of the current study was to examine trajectories of relational and physical aggression in early childhood and evaluate peer predictors of these trajectories (i.e., peer rejection, relational victimization, and physical victimization). The study spanned three‐time points (T1 in the spring, T2 in the fall, and T3 in the spring) in early childhood (N = 300; 44.0% girls; Mage = 44.70 months, SD = 4.38; 3.0% African American/Black, 7.6% Asian/Asian American/Pacific Islander, 1.0% Hispanic/Latinx, 11.3% multiracial, 62.1% White, and 15.0% missing/unknown). Observations of peer victimization and teacher report of peer rejection were collected at T1, and teacher report of aggression was collected at all time points. Results from piecewise latent growth models demonstrated that both forms of aggression decreased from T1 to T2 as children entered a new classroom and increased from T2 to T3 as they remained in that classroom. The increase in physical aggression from T2 to T3 was only significant for boys. Peer rejection at T1 emerged as a predictor of both intercepts and slopes from T1 to T2, and physical victimization predicted the physical aggression intercept and physical aggression slope from T1 to T2. Children high on these peer risk variables had higher initial levels of aggression, followed by a greater decrease in aggression from T1 to T2. Results underscore the importance of studying incremental change in aggression in early childhood and suggest that children who experience negative peer treatment have greater fluctuations in aggression over time.
Transformative learning as societal learning
Authors: Formenti Laura , Hoggan‐Kloubert Tetyana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe article synthesizes literature relating to the recent development of the theory of transformative learning (TL) and societal changes using three exemplary fields of study: (1) Civic education and democratic transformations, (2) TL for sustainability and ecology, and (3) TL in the context of migration (and especially for refugees). This article contends that in the literature, TL is considered a promising answer to an urgent search for conceptual and practical tools to address the wicked problems of our time. We see, however, also the potential pitfall of TL if used as a buzzword or understood as a comprehensive reeducation program designed from above that ignores human agency and the emotional, relational, and political challenges of transformation.
Partial‐nodes‐based state estimation for state‐saturated complex networks with random mixed couplings under dynamic event‐triggered protocol
Authors: Lin Na , Chen Dongyan , Hu Jun , Jia Chaoqing , Yu Hui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe state estimation (SE) problem is addressed for state‐saturated complex networks (CNs) contaminated by the random mixed couplings. Such coupling phenomenon consists of the random inner coupling and the random outer coupling, where the random inner coupling is reflected by multiplicative noise and the random outer coupling is described by random variable obeying uniform distribution. In order to reduce resource waste and calculation cost, the additional auxiliary variable method is employed to construct the dynamic event‐triggered communication condition, which can more effectively represent the change of information demand. Accordingly, a novel partial‐nodes‐based (PNB) estimator is designed in the presence of general nonlinearity and state‐saturated nonlinearity, which can estimate the whole states of network nodes with the aid of the measurement information from partial nodes. The appropriate estimator gain is obtained to ensure that the upper bound of estimation error covariance (UBEEC) is minimized. Moreover, sufficient condition is given to guarantee that the trace of the UBEEC is uniformly bounded. Finally, the numerical example is presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed PNB estimation algorithm.
Rod‐Shaped Polymeric Nanoparticles Intervene Neutrophils for Efficient Ischemic Stroke Therapy
Authors: Song Zhuolun , Fang Jinghuan , Wang Zhenhua , Xiao Renming , Guo Xing , Zhou Shaobing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNeutrophils are associated with pro‐inflammation and contribute to pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Prevention of neutrophils from infiltrating into ischemic area can be a potential approach for stroke therapy. In this study, a rod‐shaped polylactic acid polyglycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles encapsulated with piceatannol is developed to target and intervene the interaction of neutrophils with inflamed endothelial cells. In contrast to macrophages, neutrophils exhibit enhanced endocytosis of elongated particles. The nanoparticles with aspect ratio (AR) of 5 display higher internalization by neutrophils compared to other nanoparticles. Thus, AR5 nanoparticles are screened out to load with piceatannol (Pic@AR5) for investigating the therapeutic effect against middle cerebral artery occlusion model. It is demonstrated that Pic@AR5 can block the adherence of neutrophils to endothelial cells, inhibiting the infiltration of neutrophils into blood‐brain barrier (BBB). Besides, the inflammatory cytokine of ischemic brain can also be reduced even if a small part of Pic@AR5‐carried neutrophils enter BBB. The nanoparticles release piceatannol within the ischemic region, which inhibit microglial Syk signal and result in alleviation of neuroinflammation. This strategy provides new insights into ischemic stroke therapy.
Cordycepin‐Loaded Macrophage Vesicles for Targeted Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Attenuation
Authors: Li Xinyue , Fan Yuanyuan , Zha Zhengbao , Gong Deyan , Yu Jiajia , Li Qianhui , Li Ruoyao , Wang Hua , Wang Fei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCordycepin (3′‐deoxyadenosine) has a demonstrated value in ameliorating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); however, its short in vivo metabolism time and high dose‐induced cytotoxicity are challenges limiting its clinical application. Herein, a cordycepin‐loaded macrophage vesicle (C‐MV) is developed for targeted cordycepin delivery to achieve stable and durable mitigation of NASH. The C‐MV is obtained using cytochalasin B‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells to produce MV, followed by repeated freeze‐thawing and extrusion of MV and cordycepin. C‐MV selectively delivers cordycepin to macrophages at the site of liver injury, slowly releases cordycepin, reduces the toxicity associated with high cordycepin doses, and increases the mice's survival rate from 40% to 90%. Moreover, C‐MV reduces liver apoptosis and attenuated NASH liver injury by activating AMP‐activated protein kinase and inhibiting caspase 6 activity. Overall, C‐MV exhibits better anti‐inflammatory, lipid‐lowering, and anti‐apoptosis properties than free cordycepin, making it a promising delivery system for the potential clinical application of cordycepin. MV combined with cordycepin provides an inspiring bionic strategy for NASH treatment that can achieve effective therapeutic effects in vivo.
High‐Quality Femtosecond Laser Surface Micro/Nano‐Structuring Assisted by A Thin Frost Layer
Authors: Gao Wenhai , Zheng Kai , Liao Yang , Du Henglei , Liu Chengpu , Ye Chengrun , Liu Ke , Xie Shaoming , Chen Cong , Chen Junchi , Peng Yujie , Leng Yuxin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFemtosecond laser ablation has been demonstrated to be a versatile tool to produce micro/nanoscale features with high precision and accuracy. However, the use of high laser fluence to increase the ablation efficiency usually results in unwanted effects, such as redeposition of debris, formation of recast layer, and heat‐affected zone in or around the ablation craters. Here this limitation is circumvented by exploiting a thin frost layer with a thickness of tens of microns, which can be directly formed by the condensation of water vapor from the air onto the exposed surface whose temperature is below the freezing point. When the femtosecond laser beam is focused onto the target surface covered with a thin frost layer, only the local frost layer around the laser‐irradiated spot melts into water, helping to boost ablation efficiency, suppress the recast layer, and reduce the heat‐affect zone, while the remaining frost layer can prevent ablation debris from adhering to the target surface. By this frost‐assisted strategy, high‐quality surface micro/nano‐structures are successfully achieved on both plane and curved surfaces at high laser fluences, and the mechanism behind the formation of high‐spatial‐frequency (HSF) laser‐induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) on silicon is discussed.
Multiple Orbital Angular Momentum Beams with High‐Purity of Transmission‐Coding Metasurface
Authors: Liu Xiaobin , Li Sijia , He Chengyuan , Li Zhuoyue , Huang Guoshuai , Cao Xiangyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVortex electromagnetic wave carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) is expected to break through the shortage of spectrum resource because of its multiple independent modes. Nowadays, there are various methods to generate OAM vortex beam. Based on the concepts of digital metasurface and propagation phase, a broadband 3‐bit coding transmission metasurface is designed and illustrated by simulation and measurement. The elements exhibit the different phase by changing the size of metal patch, and the focusing phase is introduced to reduce the divergence of OAM beams. Based on the principle of phase superposition, the wide‐band, high‐purity, and multi‐beam OAM vortex waves can be generated by the transmission‐coding metasurface (TCMS). The experimental results verify that TCMS realizes the multiple OAM beams along different directions simultaneously from 9 to 10.5 GHz, which are consistent with the theoretical results. The high purity more than 90% of OAM mode is demonstrated by both the simulated and measured results. The TCMS provides a potential and effective scheme for OAM multiplexing and multi‐target positioning in wireless systems.
Analysis of the Electrical ReRAM Device Degradation Induced by Thermal Cross‐Talk
Authors: Al‐Mamun Mohammad , Chakraborty Amrita , Orlowski Marius 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA switching of resistive memory cells leads to a local accumulation of Joules heat in the device. In resistive RAM (ReRAM) arrays, the heat generated in one cell spreads via common electrode metal lines to the neighboring cells and may cause their performance degradation. The performance degradation results in reduced number of switching cycles and, in extreme cases, even in a loss of a bit, caused by the rupture of the nanofilament. The authors propose a thermal analysis of the thermal cross‐talk, describe its impact on cells’ electric performance, and identify three major mechanisms for the ReRAM reliability: (i) thermal conductivity, (ii) the specific heat capacity, and (iii) geometry of the electrodes. Several ReRAM arrays are manufactured to vary thermal conductivity, specific heat and geometry of the electrodes by depositing eight different inert electrodes: Pt(50 nm)/Ti(30 nm), Ru(50 nm)/Ti(30 nm), Co(50 nm)/Ti(30 nm), Pt(50 nm/Cu(100 nm)/Ti(30 nm), Pt(50 nm)/ Cu(200 nm)/Ti(30 nm), Ru(50 nm/Cr(30 nm), Ru(50 nm)/Ti(50 nm), and Rh(50 nm)/Cr(30 nm). The experimentally found differences of the degradation of electric performance of the array cells performed under identical circumstances can be correctly predicted by the proposed thermal analysis using the material properties and geometry parameters of the electrodes.
Memristive Memory Enhancement by Device Miniaturization for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Goossens Anouk S. , Ahmadi Majid , Gupta Divyanshu , Bhaduri Ishitro , Kooi Bart J. , Banerjee Tamalika 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe areal footprint of memristors is a key consideration in material‐based neuromorphic computing and large‐scale architecture integration. Electronic transport in the most widely investigated memristive devices is mediated by filaments, posing a challenge to their scalability in architecture implementation. Here, a compelling alternative memristive device is presented and it is demonstrated that areal downscaling leads to enhancement in the memristive memory window, while maintaining analog behavior, contrary to expectations. The device designs directly integrated on semiconducting Nb‐doped SrTiO3 (Nb:STO) allows leveraging electric field effects at edges, increasing the dynamic range in smaller devices. The findings are substantiated by studying the microscopic nature of switching using scanning transmission electron microscopy, in different resistive states, revealing an interfacial layer whose physical extent is influenced by applied electric fields. The ability of Nb:STO memristors to satisfy hardware and software requirements with downscaling, while significantly enhancing memristive functionalities, make them strong contenders for non‐von‐Neumann computing, beyond complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor.
Current Status and Future Perspective on Lithium Metal Anode Production Methods
Authors: Acebedo Begoña , Morant‐Miñana Maria C. , Gonzalo Elena , Ruiz de Larramendi Idoia , Villaverde Aitor , Rikarte Jokin , Fallarino Lorenzo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLithium metal batteries (LMBs) are one of the most promising energy storage technologies that would overcome the limitations of current Li‐ion batteries, based on their low density (0.534 g cm−3), low reduction potential (−3.04 V vs Standard Hydrogen Electrode) as well as their high theoretical capacities (3860 mAh g−1 and 2061 mAh cm−3). The overall cell mass and volume would be reduced while both gravimetric and volumetric energy densities would be greatly improved. Their electrochemical performance, however, is hampered by the low efficiency at high current densities and continuous degradation, which are related, among other factors, to the properties of the lithium metal anode (LMA). Hence, the production and processing of LMAs is crucial to obtain the desired properties that would enable LMBs. Here, the conventional method used for the production of LMAs, which is the combination of extraction, electrowinning, extrusion, and rolling processes, is reviewed. Then, the advances in the different alternative methods that can be used to produce and improve the properties of LMAs are described, which are divided into vapor phase, liquid phase, and electrodeposition. Within this last method, the anode‐less concept, for which different approaches to the development of advanced current collectors are illustrated, is included.
Tailoring the Interfacial Termination via Dipole Interlayer for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Tengteng , Zhao Wangen , Liu Xin , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe ionic nature of the organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite material is prone to react with different functional groups. Here, a series of polar molecules with permanent dipole moments are designed to modify the perovskite surface termination. It is observed that proper interfacial design can significantly reduce trap state density for effective charge transfer. The energy level of the substrate can be adjusted by the magnitude and direction of the dipole moment. As a result, a high 24.54% photo‐electric conversion efficiency is reached by introducing pentafluoride benzene moieties with carboxylic functional groups. In addition, the humidity and heat stability of the perovskite device is obviously improved. This work demonstrates the importance of chemical interactions at perovskite termination and paves the way for further enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells.
Probabilistic predictions for partial least squares using bootstrap
Authors: Odgers James , Kappatou Chrysoula , Misener Ruth , García Muñoz Salvador , Filippi Sarah 
Published: February 2023

AbstractModeling the uncertainty in partial least squares (PLS) is made difficult because of the nonlinear effect of the observed data on the latent space that the method finds. We present an approach, based on bootstrapping, that automatically accounts for these nonlinearities in the parameter uncertainty, allowing us to equally well represent confidence intervals for points lying close to or far away from the latent space. To show the opportunities of this approach, we develop applications in determining the Design Space for industrial processes and model the uncertainty of spectroscopy data. Our results show the benefits of our method for accounting for uncertainty far from the latent space for the purposes of Design Space identification, and match the performance of well established methods for spectroscopy data.
Longitudinal growth of stature in boys according to age and puberty: Prediction of adult stature from the age of 13 years
Authors: Pineau Jean‐Claude 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to cross‐validate and demonstrate how adult stature can be predicted in 13‐year‐old teenager's boys by using a new reference specific growth curve obtained from chronological age and maturity.MethodsStature measurements of 125 boys aged from 12 to 17.5 years were obtained over a period of five consecutive years. The maturity was based on the age of peak height velocity (APHV). An assessment of secondary pubertal stages using a simplification of the Tanner stages was also carried out. We found a connection between the secondary pubertal stage and the APHV. We carried out a prediction of the adult stature of 67 teenagers aged from 160 and 164 months.ResultsSignificant differences between APHV enabled us to classify the adolescents into three categories according to their biological maturity: 19% of adolescents with advanced puberty, 62% with standard puberty and 19% with delayed puberty. The mean growth curves were used to predict the adult stature of 67 individuals with a good accuracy (±3 cm). The mean differences between predicted and real adult stature are −0.11 cm with 95% limits of agreement of [−3.2; + 2.8 cm].ConclusionsThe new stature growth curves developed from age and maturation enables us to accurately track individual growth kinetics.
What would a population‐level approach to dementia risk reduction look like, and how would it work?
Authors: Walsh Sebastian , Govia Ishtar , Peters Ruth , Richard Edo , Stephan Blossom C.M. , Wilson Nikki‐Anne , Wallace Lindsay , Anstey Kaarin J. , Brayne Carol 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDementia is a leading global public health challenge. Prevention approaches have traditionally focused on individual‐level strategies. However, such approaches have limited potential, particularly for resource‐constrained populations in which exposure to risk factors is greatest, and exposure to protective factors is lowest. A population‐level approach to dementia risk reduction is therefore essential to meet the scale of the challenge and to tackle global inequalities in risk and incidence of disease. Such approaches can be highly cost effective. In this viewpoint article, we describe what such an approach should look like, barriers and facilitators to success, and how we should go about achieving it. We include 10 strategic goals to achieve population‐level dementia risk reduction and protection enhancement, targeted at researchers, professionals, funders, science communicators, governments, businesses, and policy makers. If we are to significantly reduce the prevalence of dementia there must be increased emphasis on population‐level approaches.Highlights
Dementia risk reduction is a global public health priority
Population‐level approaches change societal conditions to make them less conducive to dementia's modifiable risk factors, and increase exposure to protective factors.
Urgent development of population‐level approaches is required to reduce the prevalence of, and inequalities in, dementia
Action is required from researchers, governments and business, funders, public health professionals, and science communicators.