bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare utilization is a collider: an introduction to collider bias in EHR data reuse
Authors: Weiskopf Nicole G , Dorr David A , Jackson Christie , Lehmann Harold P , Thompson Caroline A 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesCollider bias is a common threat to internal validity in clinical research but is rarely mentioned in informatics education or literature. Conditioning on a collider, which is a variable that is the shared causal descendant of an exposure and outcome, may result in spurious associations between the exposure and outcome. Our objective is to introduce readers to collider bias and its corollaries in the retrospective analysis of electronic health record (EHR) data.Target audienceCollider bias is likely to arise in the reuse of EHR data, due to data-generating mechanisms and the nature of healthcare access and utilization in the United States. Therefore, this tutorial is aimed at informaticians and other EHR data consumers without a background in epidemiological methods or causal inference.ScopeWe focus specifically on problems that may arise from conditioning on forms of healthcare utilization, a common collider that is an implicit selection criterion when one reuses EHR data. Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are introduced as a tool for identifying potential sources of bias during study design and planning. References for additional resources on causal inference and DAG construction are provided.
Red clover supplementation modifies rumen fermentation and promotes feed efficiency in ram lambs
Authors: Weinert-Nelson Jennifer R , Ely Donald G , Flythe Michael D , Hamilton Tracy A , May John B , Ferrell Jessica L , Hamilton Matthew C , LeeAnn Jacks Whitney , Davis Brittany E 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRed clover produces isoflavones, including biochanin A, which have been shown to have microbiological effects on the rumen while also promoting growth in beef cattle. The objective was to determine if supplementation of biochanin A via red clover hay would produce similar effects on the rumen microbiota and improve growth performance of lambs. Twenty-four individually-housed Polypay ram lambs (initial age: 114 ± 1 d; initial weight: 38.1 ± 0.59 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets (85:15 concentrate:roughage ratio; N = 8 rams/treatment): CON—control diet in which the roughage component (15.0%, w/w, of the total diet) consisted of orchardgrass hay; 7.5-RC—red clover hay substituted for half (7.5%, w/w, of the total diet) of the roughage component; and 15-RC—the entire roughage component (15.0%, w/w, of the total diet) consisted of red clover hay. Feed intake and weight gain were measured at 14-d intervals for the duration of the 56-d trial, and rumen microbiological measures were assessed on days 0, 28, and 56. Red clover supplementation impacted growth performance of ram lambs. Average daily gains (ADG) were greater in ram lambs supplemented with red clover hay (7.5-RC and 15-RC) than for those fed the CON diet (P &lt; 0.05). Conversely, dry matter intake (DMI) was lower in 7.5-RC and 15-RC than for CON lambs (P = 0.03). Differences in ADG and DMI resulted in greater feed efficiency in ram lambs supplemented with red clover hay (both 7.5-RC and 15-RC) compared to CON (P &lt; 0.01). Rumen microbiota were also altered by red clover supplementation. The total viable number of hyper-ammonia-producing bacteria in 7.5-RC and 15-RC decreased over the course of the experiment and were lower than CON by day 28 (P ≤ 0.04). Amylolytic bacteria were also lower in 15-RC than in CON (P = 0.03), with a trend for lower amylolytic bacteria in 7.5-RC (P = 0.08). In contrast, there was tendency for greater cellulolytic bacteria in red clover supplemented lambs than in CON (P = 0.06). Red clover supplementation also increased fiber utilization, with greater ex vivo dry matter digestibility of hay for both 7.5-RC and 15-RC compared to CON by day 28 (P &lt; 0.03). Results of this study indicate that low levels of red clover hay can elicit production benefits in high-concentrate lamb finishing systems through alteration of the rumen microbiota.
Fatty acid profiles of oomycetes (Halophytophthora and Phytopythium spp.) from Philippines mangroves
Authors: Neri Kimberly D , Devanadera Mark Kevin P , Watanabe Kenshi , Bennett Reuel M , Arafiles Kim Hazel V , Aki Tsunehiro , Dedeles Gina R 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Mangroves create an ecological environment for a diverse assemblage of organisms, including marine and mangrove oomycetes. Halophytophthora spp., in particular, are isolated from fallen senescent mangrove leaves. Studies reported on Philippines oomycetes are mostly on their distribution and taxonomy, while fatty acid studies have not yet been fully explored. Recently, oomycetes were reported as efficient producers of various fatty acids; therefore, bioprospecting efforts are aimed at obtaining more industrially important fatty acid compounds for aquaculture, biodiesel production, and human consumption. In this study, 21 isolated oomycetes, identified as Halophytophthora spp., and two type species of Phytopythium, were grown in a broth medium containing peptone, yeast extract, glucose, and 50% seawater and incubated at room temperature for 3 weeks for fatty acid production and identification. Results revealed the presence of various fatty acids, mainly palmitic acid (C16:0), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), cis-11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid (ETA, C20:3n3), and stearic acid (C18:0), from Halophytophthora and Phytopythium isolates ranging from 2% to 30% total fatty acids. An omega-6 fatty acid, Ƴ-linolenic acid (GLA, C18:3n6), was found in Phytopythium isolates with considerably higher concentrations compared to Halophytophthoras. Further, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, cis-11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid (ETA, C20:3n3), was detected on most oomycete isolates.
WISE J185503.7+592234: A particularly low mass ratio contact binary approaching merger
Authors: Guo Di-Fu , Li Kai , Liu Fen , Li Huai-Zhen , Liu Xin-Yi 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
In this paper, the total eclipsing binary WISE J185503.7+592234 (hereinafter J185503), whose mass ratio is around the mass ratio limit, was observed and investigated for the first time. The stellar atmospheric parameters of the primary (more massive) component were calculated by the spectral fitting, and the following results are obtained: Teff = 5747 ± 25 K, [Fe/H] = −0.16 ± 0.04 dex, logg = 4.78 ± 0.05 cm s−2. Although J185503 has a very small amplitude (∼ 0.17 mag in V band) and a short period (0.2800782 d), its light curves exhibit total eclipses (eclipse duration: ∼ 40 min, which is about 0.1 phase). The light curves derived from TESS exhibit some unusual behaviour, such as inversion of the O’Connell effect, exchange of occultation, and transit depths. Photometric solutions obtained from the multiband observations suggest that J185503 has a particularly low mass ratio (q = 0.0514) and a moderate contact degree of $26{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. Based on 103 newly determined times of minimum spanning 14 yr, a secular period decrease was found, which is calculated to be dP/dt = −2.24 × 10−7 d yr−1. Through analysing the instability criterion, such as the instability separation, the instability mass ratio, and the ratio of spin angular momentum (Jspin) to the orbital angular momentum (Jorb), J185503 can be regarded as a progenitor of luminous red novae.
First on-sky demonstration of a scintillation correction technique using tomographic wavefront sensing
Authors: Hartley Kathryn E , Farley Oliver J D , Townson Matthew J , Osborn James , Wilson R W 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTScintillation noise significantly limits high precision ground-based photometry of bright stars. In this paper, we present the first ever on-sky demonstration of scintillation correction. The technique uses tomographic wavefront sensing to estimate the spatial-temporal intensity fluctuations induced by high altitude optical turbulence. With an estimate of the altitudes and relative strengths of the turbulent layers above the telescope, the wavefront sensor data from multiple guide stars can be combined to estimate the phase aberrations of the wavefront at each altitude through the use of a tomographic algorithm. This 3D model of the phase aberrations can then be used to estimate the intensity fluctuations across the telescope pupil via Fresnel propagation. The measured photometric data for a given target within the field of view can then be corrected for the effects of scintillation using this estimate in post-processing. A simple proof-of-concept experiment using a wavefront sensor and a stereo-SCIDAR turbulence profiler attached to the 2.5 m Isaac Newton Telescope was performed for a range of exposure times using the Orion Trapezium cluster as the reference stars. The results from this on-sky demonstration as well as simulations estimating the expected performance for a full tomographic AO system with laser guide stars are presented. On-sky, the scintillation index was reduced on average by a factor of 1.9, with a peak of 3.4. For a full tomographic system, we expect to achieve a maximum reduction in the scintillation index by a factor of ∼25.
Triggered Population III star formation: the effect of H2 self-shielding
Authors: Chiaki Gen , Wise John H 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
The multiplicity of metal-free (Population III) stars may influence their feedback efficiency within their host dark matter haloes, affecting subsequent metal enrichment and the transition to galaxy formation. Radiative feedback from massive stars can trigger nearby star formation in dense self-shielded clouds. In model radiation self-shielding, the H2 column density must be accurately computed. In this study, we compare two local approximations based on the density gradient and Jeans length with a direct integration of column density along rays. After the primary massive star forms, we find that no secondary stars form for both the direct integration and density gradient approaches. The approximate method reduces the computation time by a factor of 2. The Jeans length approximation overestimates the H2 column density by a factor of 10, leading to five numerically enhanced self-shielded, star-forming clumps. We conclude that the density gradient approximation is sufficiently accurate for larger volume galaxy simulations, although one must still caution that the approximation cannot fully reproduce the result of direct integration.
Chemodynamical ages of small-scale kinematic structures of the galactic disc in the solar neighbourhood from ∼250 000 K and M dwarfs
Authors: Medan Ilija , Lépine Sébastien 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We combine photometric metallicities with astrometry from Gaia DR3 to examine the chemodynamic structure of ∼250 000 K dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood (SN). In kinematics, we observe ridges/clumps of ‘kinematic groups’, like studies of more massive main-sequence stars. Here, we note clear differences in both metallicity and vertical velocity as compared with the surrounding regions in velocity space and hypothesize this is due to differences in mean age. To test this, we develop a method to estimate the age distribution of subpopulations of stars. In this method, we use GALAH data to define probability distributions of W versus [M/H] in age bins of 2 Gyr and determine optimal age distributions as the best-fitting weighted sum of these distributions. This process is then validated using the GALAH subset. We estimate the probable age distribution for regions in the kinematic plane, where we find significant substructure that is correlated with the kinematic groups. Most notably, we find an age gradient across the Hercules streams that is correlated with birth radius. Finally, we examine the bending and breathing modes as a function of age. From this, we observe potential hints of an increase in the bending amplitude with age, which will require further analysis in order to confirm it. This is one of the first studies to examine these chemodynamics in the SN using primarily low-mass stars and we hope these findings can better constrain dynamical models of the Milky Way due to the increase in resolution the sample size provides.
Cortical microtubules contribute to division plane positioning during telophase in maize
Authors: Bellinger Marschal A , Uyehara Aimee N , Allsman Lindy , Martinez Pablo , McCarthy Michael C , Rasmussen Carolyn G 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Cell divisions are accurately positioned to generate cells of the correct size and shape. In plant cells, the new cell wall is built in the middle of the cell by vesicles trafficked along an antiparallel microtubule and a microfilament array called the phragmoplast. The phragmoplast expands toward a specific location at the cell cortex called the division site, but how it accurately reaches the division site is unclear. We observed microtubule arrays that accumulate at the cell cortex during the telophase transition in maize (Zea mays) leaf epidermal cells. Before the phragmoplast reaches the cell cortex, these cortical-telophase microtubules transiently interact with the division site. Increased microtubule plus end capture and pausing occur when microtubules contact the division site-localized protein TANGLED1 or other closely associated proteins. Microtubule capture and pausing align the cortical microtubules perpendicular to the division site during telophase. Once the phragmoplast reaches the cell cortex, cortical-telophase microtubules are incorporated into the phragmoplast primarily by parallel bundling. The addition of microtubules into the phragmoplast promotes fine-tuning of the positioning at the division site. Our hypothesis is that division site-localized proteins such as TANGLED1 organize cortical microtubules during telophase to mediate phragmoplast positioning at the final division plane.
Low-phosphorus concentrations and important ferric hydroxide scavenging in Archean seawater
Authors: Rego Eric Siciliano , Busigny Vincent , Lalonde Stefan V , Rossignol Camille , Babinski Marly , Philippot Pascal 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The availability of nutrients in seawater, such as dissolved phosphorus (P), is thought to have regulated the evolution and activity of microbial life in Earth's early oceans. Marine concentrations of bioavailable phosphorus spanning the Archean Eon remain a topic of debate, with variable estimates indicating either low (0.04 to 0.13 μM P) or high (10 to 100 μM P) dissolved P in seawater. The large uncertainty on these estimates reflects in part a lack of clear proxy signals recorded in sedimentary rocks. Contrary to some recent views, we show here that iron formations (IFs) are reliable recorders of past phosphorus concentrations and preserved a primary seawater signature. Using measured P and iron (Fe) contents in Neoarchean IF from Carajás (Brazil), we demonstrate for the first time a clear partitioning coefficient relationship in the P-Fe systematics of this IF, which, in combination with experimental and Archean literature data, permits us to constrain Archean seawater to a mean value of 0.063 ± 0.05 μM dissolved phosphorus. Our data set suggests that low-phosphorus conditions prevailed throughout the first half of Earth's history, likely as the result of limited continental emergence and marine P removal by iron oxyhydroxide precipitation, supporting prior suggestions that changes in ancient marine P availability at the end of the Archean modulated marine productivity, and ultimately, the redox state of Earth's early oceans and atmosphere.
Classification: Physical Sciences, Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences
Effects of fat source and level on growth performance and carcass characteristics of commercial finishing pigs
Authors: Bromm Jenna J , Tokach Mike D , Woodworth Jason C , Goodband Robert D , DeRouchey Joel M , De Jong Jon A , Berg Kiah M , Pohlen Courtney L , Gebhardt Jordan T 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTwo experiments evaluated different fat sources and levels on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and economic impact in commercial finishing pigs. In experiment 1, 2,160 pigs (337 × 1,050, PIC; initially 37.3 ± 0.93 kg) were used. Pens of pigs were blocked by initial body weight and randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments. Three of the four dietary treatments included: 0%, 1%, and 3% choice white grease. The final treatment contained no added fat until pigs were approximately 100 kg, and then a diet containing 3% fat was fed until marketing. Experimental diets were fed over four phases and were corn–soybean meal based with 40% distillers dried grains with solubles. Overall, increasing choice white grease decreased (linear, P = 0.006) average daily feed intake (ADFI) and increased (linear, P = 0.006) G:F. Pigs fed 3% fat only during the late-finishing phase (~100 to 129 kg) had similar G:F compared to pigs fed 3% for the entire study during the late-finishing phase, and intermediate G:F overall. Increasing fat tended to increase (linear, P = 0.068) hot carcass weight (HCW). Feed cost increased (linear, P ≤ 0.005) and income over feed cost decreased (linear, P ≤ 0.041) as choice white grease increased. In Experiment 2, 2,011 pigs (PIC 1,050 × DNA 600; initially 28.3 ± 0.53 kg) were used. Pens of pigs were blocked by location in the barn and randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial with main effects of fat source (choice white grease or corn oil) and level (1% or 3% of the diet) and a control diet with no added fat. Overall, increasing fat, regardless of source, increased (linear, P &lt; 0.001) average daily gain (ADG), decreased (linear, P = 0.013) ADFI, and increased (linear, P &lt; 0.001) G:F. Increasing fat increased (linear, P ≤ 0.016) HCW, carcass yield, and backfat depth. There was a fat source × level interaction (P &lt; 0.001) in carcass fat iodine value (IV), where IV increased to a greater extent in pigs fed corn oil with only a small increase in IV in pigs fed diets with choice white grease. In conclusion, these experiments suggest that increasing fat from 0% to 3%, regardless of source, produced variable responses in ADG but consistently improved G:F. Increasing fat increased HCW, carcass yield, and backfat depth, but feeding diets containing corn oil increased carcass IV. With the ingredient prices used, the improvement in growth performance did not justify the extra diet cost from increasing fat from 0% to 3% in most situations.
Diagnostic Guide: Fusarium Head Blight of Cereal Grains
Authors: Hagerty C. H. , Namdar G. F. , Rivedal H. M. , Wen N. , Yin C. 
Published: February 2023

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat ( Triticum aestivum) worldwide. This disease is caused by Fusarium species including Fusarium graminearum Schwabe sensu stricto, F. culmorum (Wm. G. Sm.) Sacc., and F. pseudograminearum O'Donnell & T. Aoki . This diagnostic guide provides information on the pathogen, signs and symptoms of disease, host range, and geographic distribution. A discussion of the mycotoxins produced by the pathogens, as well as management strategies, is also presented. Proper diagnosis will allow practitioners greater opportunity to adequately control FHB disease. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Diagnostic Molecular Markers for Identification of Different Races and a Pathotype of Columbia Root Knot Nematode
Authors: Hu Shengwei , Franco Jessica , Bali Sapinder , Chavoshi Sam , Brown Charles , Mojtahedi Hassan , Quick Rich , Cimrhakl Launa , Ingham Russell , Gleason Cynthia , Sathuvalli Vidyasagar 
Published: February 2023

Columbia root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, parasitizes potato plants and causes visible small brown dots in the tuber flesh that dramatically reduce the market value of the crop. In the Pacific Northwest, two races of M. chitwoodi, Race 1 and Race 2, and a pathotype, Race 1Roza, exist. The races and pathotype of M. chitwoodi are primarily differentiated based on host tests. Currently, M. chitwoodi can be differentiated from M. hapla and other Meloidogyne spp. based on morphology and molecular markers; however, the different pathotypes of M. chitwoodi cannot be differentiated using the aforementioned techniques. Based on the in silico genome comparison of M. chitwoodi Race 1, Race 2, and Race 1Roza, we developed diagnostic molecular markers that could successfully differentiate between M. chitwoodi races and the pathotype. We also developed three race-specific markers that can specifically amplify Race 1, Race 2, or Race 1Roza. Overall, we have potential markers that can successfully differentiate the two races and one pathotype of M. chitwoodi through simplex PCR, which has a potential application in plant disease diagnostics. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Diversity Profiling and the Distribution of Pathotypes and Mating Types in Indian Isolates of Ascochyta rabiei Causing Ascochyta Blight of Chickpea
Authors: Manjunatha Lakshmaiah , Uppala Leela Saisree , Mahesha Hunsur S. , Konda Aravinda Kumar , Rani Upasana , Singh Shailendra , Singh Narendra Pratap , Kumar Yogesh 
Published: February 2023

The prevalence and distribution of pathotypes and mating types of Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr. were evaluated during the winter (October to March) seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19. Forty-five A. rabiei isolates were obtained from six different states. From the survey results, the state of Punjab recorded the highest disease rating (Rating 9) compared with other chickpea-growing areas. The β-tubulin gene was amplified (330 bp) from all the isolates, and sequence analysis was performed. The phylogenetic tree produced by cluster analysis of β-tubulin gene sequences differentiated the 44 A. rabiei isolates . Using multiplex PCR, mating types were identified. From the mating type (MAT) study of all the A. rabiei isolates, amplification was observed at the 490-bp size, which corresponds to mating type 2 (MAT1-2). The four pathotypes (I, II, III, IV) and six physiological races were delineated based on the differential reaction of the disease. The most widely distributed pathotype was pathotype III (52.27%) among the surveyed regions of North Indian states, except Uttarakhand (where only pathotype II was recorded), followed by the least aggressive pathotype I (22.7%), highly aggressive pathotype IV (15.9%), and aggressive pathotype II (9.1%). Among the six physiological races identified, the most common races were race 5 (25%), followed by race 1 (22.73%), race 6 (18.18%), race 4 (18.18%), race 3 (9.09%), and race 2 (6.82%). Because of the prevalence of a single mating type among the surveyed locations in India, we opine that there may be less diversity in A. rabiei compared with isolates reported from other countries. However, to substantiate this conclusion, evaluation of more isolates of A. rabiei is required. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .