bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison Analysis of Machine Learning Classification on Apple Fruit Quality
Authors: Khairi Danish ul , Ahsan Kamran , Badshah Gran , Ali Syed Zeeshan , Raza Syed Akhter , Alqahtani Omar , Shiraz Muhammad 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study presents a comparative analysis of classical and deep learning approaches for the classification of apple fruit quality, within the broader context of machine vision applications. Emphasizing the importance of the fruit's physical appearance in meeting market standards, the research explores the performance of classical methods such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbour (KNN), and Decision Tree (DT), in comparison to deep learning methods like Mobile-Net and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with self-design. A self-created dataset comprising 150 apple fruit images categorized into fresh, mid, and rotten classes are utilized, with an 80:20 training-test split. The evaluation of the approaches reveals promising results, with SVM achieving 86% accuracy, DT achieving 93%, KNN achieving 96.6%, and Mobile-Net and CNN achieving 97% accuracy. Notably, the study demonstrates the efficiency of these methods in classifying different quality classes of apple fruit. This research contributes to the existing knowledge in agricultural quality control and provides insights for researchers seeking suitable algorithms in the field of machine vision for fruit quality assessment, ultimately advancing the application of machine vision techniques in real-world scenarios.
20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 promotes myoblast differentiation and inhibits myotube atrophy by protecting mitochondrial function via AMPK/FoxO3 pathway in high glucose-induced model
Authors: Wang Manying , Chen Xuenan , Yan Xiuci , Zhao Yunyun , Cai Changjiu , Li Yingna , Liu Fangbing , Sun Liwei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
High glucose is usually considered to be the factor that induces tissue damage and cell dysfunction during diabetes. Muscle, as an important target organ for insulin, is particularly be attacked by high glucose. 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (S-Rg3) has shown protective effect on vascular smooth muscle in diabetes. But whether S-Rg3 has protective effect on skeletal muscle injury caused by high glucose has not been reported.
Methods
Myoblast differentiation were measured by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Myotube atrophy were measured by Giemsa staining and Western blot. Flow cytometry, Seahorse and Western blot were used to detect mitochondrial function. Drosophila exposed to high sucrose diet (HSD) to establish an in vivo model of muscle damage. Trehalose and triglyceride levels were detected by spectrophotometry. Mef2 mRNA level was detected by RT-PCR. Muscle atrophy were detected by toluidine blue staining. Climbing distances were determined by climbing assay. The morphological structure of mitochondria was observed by transmission electron microscope. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Forkhead box O3 (FoxO3) were analyzed by Western blot. UAS-AMPK RNAi Drosophila were used to verify the AMPK/FoxO3 pathway in vivo.
Results
S-Rg3 promoted myoblast differentiation and inhibited muscle atrophy injured by high glucose. S-Rg3 recovered mitochondrial function
Cocos nucifera and glycerine afterwork moisturizers for secondary prevention of hand dermatitis among fabric worker: a randomized, double- blind, cross over trial
Authors: Budianti Windy K , Soebaryo Retno W , Mansyur Muchtaruddin , Suyatna Franciscus D , Siagian Minarma , Djajadisastra Joshita , Prakoeswa Cita RS 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction: The use of skin barrier-enhancing topical medication is a favorable approach for the treatment of occupational hand dermatitis (OHD). Cocos nucifera or coconut oil is one of the best sources of lipid enriched with laurate acid, and glycerin is a well-known humectant that improves skin hydration. This study is aimed is to evaluate the effectiveness of Cocos nucifera and glycerin for secondary prevention of OHD among batik (Indonesian traditional fabric) workers.
Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial, the effect of glycerin-Cocos nucifera cream vs. glycerin-only was considered with multiple afterwork applications of moisturizer over a 2-week period on batik workers with OHD. Assessment of trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), skin capacitance, and a clinical assessment using the Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI) were carried out at day 0 and 14.
Results: Thirty-two batik dyeing and/or rinsing workers were enrolled in the study with mild to moderate OHD. Clinical improvement was demonstrated by 20% decrease in HECSI and TEWL, and 20% increase in skin capacitance. Both moisturizers were equally effective for the secondary prevention of OHD.
Conclusion: Glycerin-Cocos nucifera and glycerin-only cream are equally effective for secondary prevention for OHD among batik worker to reduce the prevalence of hand dermatitis.
Adapting and translating the “Hep B Story” App the right way: a transferable toolkit to develop health resources with, and for, Aboriginal people
Authors: Binks Paula , Ross Cheryl , Gurruwiwi George Garambaka , Wurrawilya Shiraline , Alley Tiana , Vintour-Cesar Emily , Hosking Kelly , Davis Joshua S. , Hefler Marita , Davies Jane 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
In 2014 The Menzies hep B team released the first hepatitis B educational app in an Aboriginal language, the “Hep B Story”, addressing the need for chronic hepatitis B information in a patient’s first language. In 2018 the “Hep B Story” was assessed and adapted prior to translation into a further 10 Aboriginal languages. Whilst we initially thought the task would be simple, this was not so. The translation process developed iteratively and evolved into a model that may be applied when creating any health resource in Aboriginal languages.
Methods
The adaptation and translation of the “Hep B Story” process involved ten key steps:
1. Focus groups with language speakers to assess cultural suitability of content.
2. Adaptation of content or images as required.
3. Forward and back translation of script using translators.
4. Translations checked for content accuracy.
5. Queries discussed and corrected with translators.
6. Voiceovers recorded.
7. Revised versions of the app produced.
8. Revised versions of the app reviewed by focus group members and translators.
9. Final edits and corrections made and reviewed.
10. Finalisation and publication of the new language version.
Results
The process of adaptation and translation appears straightforward, and in planning the project, we naively allowed 12 months to complete 10 language translations, in reality it took five years. Forming consultation groups, finding translators to write in language, and removing barriers to work was not easy, while simultaneously dealing with the remoteness of Australia’s Northern Territory. The consultation process for each language group resulted in extensive chronic hepatitis B education community wide, with many participants sharing the story with their family and encouraging them to get a hepatitis B check-up.
Conclusions
With more than 100 people involved in the project and thousands of kilometres travelled across the Northern Territory we produced not only an education tool for many Aboriginal people in their preferred language but developed a model for working with translators to develop health resources for different cultural and linguistic groups across the Northern Territory.
Multi-omics analysis of gut-organ axes reveals the environmental adaptation mechanisms in Tibetan chicken
Authors: Zeng Tao , Cao Yongqing , Tian Yong , Yin Jianmei , Gu Tiantian , Feng Peishi , Sun Hanxue , Ma Xueying , Zhao Zelong , Li Guohui , Chen Li , Xu Wenwu , Xue Qian , Han Wei , Lu Lizhi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
As a representative extreme ecosystem, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is subject to special climatic conditions, that require unique adaptations for organisms living in the region. In addition to genetic characteristics, the gut microbiota in animals can regulate the environmental adaptation of hosts through various "gut-organ" axes. The Tibetan chicken is the principal poultry species raised on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, however there is limited understanding of the interactions of its gut microbiota and host gene expression, as well as their associations with the plateau’s hypoxic conditions. In this study, a multi-omics approach was used to investigate the gut microbiota of Tibetan chickens and to explore the environmental adaptation mechanisms involved in the "gut-organ" axes.
Results
Significant differences in gut microbiota were found among different chicken populations sampled from across China, governed by variations in habitat species pools and species turnover. A more complex and stochastic-dominated gut microbiota with higher functional redundancy was observed in the Tibetan chicken population living in the plateau environment. Furthermore, Tibetan chickens also had more effective fatty acid degradation capacity, corresponding to their hypoxic environment. In contrast, chickens living in lowland breeding farms showed stronger immune system responses for defense against frequent health threats. These environmental adaptation strategies were found to be regulated by core gut microbes taxa in the phylum Firmicutes.
Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate the roles of breed and habitat in gut microbiota assembly of chickens, and clarifies the adaptation strategies of chickens to environmental changes via gut microbiota-driven "gut-organ" axes.
Oral antibiotics and mechanical bowel preparation for colorectal surgery: a prospective observational study of surgical site infection and microbial analysis
Authors: Rutegård Martin , Tang Alethea , Gregoire James , Stewart Christopher , Hurt Libor , Chandler Susan , Hitchings Matthew David , Healy Brendan , Harris Dean 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are common in colorectal surgery. Mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) in conjunction with oral antibiotics (OABs) have been shown to reduce SSI rates. It however is still unclear which OABs to use, and how this can be implemented in practice.

Methods

This is a prospective observational study carried out in Swansea Bay University Health Board during 2019–2021, evaluating the introduction of OABs in a stepwise manner on the incidence of SSI in major colorectal surgery. A control group having MBP only was compared to two OAB groups. One group had MBP plus metronidazole only and the second MBP plus metronidazole and neomycin. A 30-day follow-up after surgery was ascertained via chart review and telephone contact. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the relation between OAB use and SSI, with adjustment for confounding. In a subset of patients, faecal samples were analysed before and after OAB treatment, depicting the impact of the gut microbiome.

Results

In total 160 patients were analysed: 46 patients had MBP only,
while 76 patients had MBP plus metronidazole only and 38 patients
had MBP with metronidazole/neomycin. The SSI rate in the entire
cohort was 33.8%, while the adjusted ORs for the single and dual
OAB groups were 0.76 (95% CI: 0.17–1.81) and 0.50 (95% CI:
0.17–1.52). The microbial analysis demonstrated that the relative
abundance for many bacterial genera was changed before and after
OAB treatment, but no link with SSI development could be
shown.

Conclusions

Introduction of OABs in conjunction with MBP in colorectal surgery is feasible, and may potentially lead to lower rates of SSI, as well as altering the community structure of the faecal microbiome. More research is needed, especially considering different OABs and mechanistic studies of the gut microbiome in the context of colorectal surgery.
Defining Vaginal Community Dynamics: daily microbiome transitions, the role of menstruation, bacteriophages and bacterial genes
Authors: Hugerth Luisa W. , Krog Maria Christine , Vomstein Kilian , Du Juan , Bashir Zahra , Kaldhusdal Vilde , Fransson Emma , Engstrand Lars , Nielsen Henriette Svarre , Schuppe-Koistinen Ina 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
The composition of the vaginal microbiota during the menstrual cycle is dynamic, with some women remaining eu- or dysbiotic and others transitioning between these states. What defines these dynamics, and whether these differences are microbiome-intrinsic or mostly driven by the host is unknown. To address this, we characterized 49 healthy, young women by metagenomic sequencing of daily vaginal swabs during a menstrual cycle. We classified the dynamics of the vaginal microbiome and assessed the impact of host behavior as well as microbiome differences at the species, strain, gene and phage levels.
Results
Based on the daily shifts in community state types (CSTs) during a menstrual cycle the vaginal microbiome was classified into four Vaginal Community Dynamics (VCDs) and reported in a classification tool, named VALODY: constant eubiotic, constant dysbiotic, menses-related and unstable dysbiotic. The abundance of bacteria, phages, and bacterial gene content was compared between the four VCDs. Women with different VCDs showed significant differences in relative phage abundance and bacterial composition even when assigned to the same CST. Women with unstable VCDs had higher phage counts and were more likely dominated by L. iners. Their Gardnerella spp. strains were also more likely to harbour bacteriocin-coding genes.
Conclusions
The VCDs present a novel time series classification which highlights the complexity of varying degrees of vaginal dysbiosis. Knowing the differences in phage levels and the genomic strains present allows a deeper understanding of the initiation and maintenance of permanent dysbiosis. Applying the VCD’s to further characterize the different types of microbiome dynamics qualifies the investigation of disease and enables comparisons at individual and population levels. Based on our data, to be able to classify a dysbiotic sample into the accurate VCD, clinicians would need two-three mid-cyclical samples and two samples during menses. In the future, it will be important to address whether transient VCDs pose a similar risk profile to persistent dysbiosis with similar clinical outcomes. This framework may aid interdisciplinary translational teams in deciphering the role of the vaginal microbiome in women’s health and reproduction.
Attenuation of transfusion-related acute lung injury by FAK inhibitor PF-562271
Authors: Bai Yuting , He Yixuan , Gang Baocai , Zhang Mengjie , Kang Hu , Ye Yingying , Liu Guoquan , Gu Wei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a specific form of acute lung injury (ALI) that can cause complications such as respiratory distress, hypoxia, fever, and tachycardia in patients. In some cases, symptoms can develop within 6 h of a transfusion, and chest X-rays may reveal bilateral lung opacity. A study using mice found that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor PF-562271 improved ALI.
Methods
For the study, male BALB/Cmice aged 6–8 weeks were randomly assigned to four groups: a blank control group, a group injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a group injected with LPS and 5-day stored platelets (TRALI mouse model), and a group treated with the FAK inhibitor. Pathological changes in the lung tissue, lung wet/dry weight ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and FAK protein were analyzed to determine the effects of the FAK inhibitor on TRALI in mice.
Results
Histological analysis revealed that the alveolar interstitium was filled with inflammatory cells and the alveolar septum was significantly widened in the model group. The lung wet/dry weight ratio confirmed that the pulmonary edema induced by the model group was more severe than that of the LPS group. MPO activity was higher in the TRALI group than in the LPS group. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and the protein expression of FAK in the lung tissue were up-regulated. After 24 h of FAK inhibitor intervention, the pulmonary edema in TRALI mice was significantly reduced, the infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung tissue was improved, the lung function was better, and the expression of inflammatory factors was downregulated.
Conclusions
The study successfully constructed a mouse TRALI model infused with aged platelets and found that the FAK inhibitor can alleviate the lung injury caused by TRALI and increase the survival rate of TRALI. Therefore, FAK inhibitors may have potential applications in the treatment of TRALI.
How should tranexamic acid be administered in haemorrhagic shock? - continuous serum concentration measurements in a swine model
Authors: Lynghaug Trine , Bakke Håkon Kvåle , Fuskevåg Ole Martin , Nielsen Erik Waage , Dietrichs Erik Sveberg 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background:
Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces mortality in trauma patients. Intramuscular (i.m.) administration could be advantageous in low-resource and military settings. Achieving the same serum concentration as i.v. administration is important to achieve equal mortality reduction. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether dividing an i.m. dose of TXA between two injection sites, and whether an increase in dose, would lead to serum concentrations comparable to those achieved by i.v. administration.
Methods:
Norwegian landrace pigs (n = 29) from a course in haemostatic emergency surgery were given tranexamic acid 1h after start of surgery. Blood samples were drawn at 0, 5,10, 15, 20, 25, 35, 45, 60 and 85 min. The samples were centrifuged and serum TXA concentrations quantified with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The use of two injection sites was compared to distributing the dose on one injection site, and a dose of 15 mg/kg was compared to a dose of 30 mg/kg. All i.m. groups were compared to i.v. administration.
Results:
The groups were in a similar degree of shock. Increasing the i.m. dose from the standard of 15 mg/kg to 30 mg/kg resulted in significantly higher serum concentrations of TXA, comparable to those achieved by i.v. administration. Distributing the i.m. dose on two injection sites did not affect drug-uptake, as shown by equal serum concentrations.
Conclusions:
For i.m. administration of TXA, 30 mg/kg should be the standard dose. With a short delay, i.m. administration will provide equal serum concentrations as i.v. administration, above what is considered necessary to inhibit fibrinolysis.
The effect of hallux valgus on the anatomy of the nerves around the first metatarsal bone: Does the valgus deviation affect the location of the nerves?
Authors: Çiçek Fatih , Olgunus Zeliha Kurtoğlu , Koç Turan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
To identify the variations in the position and distribution of the nerves that may be at risk in surgical approaches to hallux valgus (HV), and to reveal whether these nerves are affected by the anatomical changes associated with HV.
Method
In the formalin fixed 46 lower extremities (19 female, 27 male), extensor hallucis longus tendon (EHL), deep plantar artery, medial dorsal cutaneous (MDCN), deep fibular (DFN), common plantar digital (CPDN) and proper plantar digital (PPDN) nerves were examined. The branches of MDCN extending to the medial side of foot were recorded in three segments. The positional topography of nerves according to EHL were analysed on 360° circle and clock models.
Results
Gender-related differences for some parameters in direct measurements were not found in comparisons on the clock model. In HV cases, DFN was closer to EHL in the distal part of the metatarsal bone, while there was no difference in the proximal and the intersection of the medial branch of the MDCN with the EHL was more proximal. The location of the nerves in the clock pattern did not change in HV cases. Of the nerve branches reaching the medial side of the foot, 65.2% were in Part I, 71.7% in Part II, and 4.3% in Part III.
Conclusion
It was revealed that the gender differences in the distance of the nerves to the EHL disappeared when the size effect of the cross-section of the first metatarsal bone region was eliminated with the clock model. No evidence was found that the location of the nerves around the proximal metatarsal is affected by HV. However, in advanced HV levels, the DFN was found distally closer to the EHL, and the intersection of the medial branch of the MDCN with the EHL was more proximal. The variations we revealed in the number of branches reaching the inside of the foot may explain the diversity of neuromas or nerve injuries associated with hallux valgus surgery.
A new nickel-based δ-isomer Anderson-type polyoxometalates: synthesis, crystal structure and catalytic activity in 1,2,3-triazoles production
Authors: Yousofvand Asmaa , Amini Mojtaba , Hosseinifard Mojtaba , Bayramid Arshad , Janczak Jan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

In this study, we present a novel organic hybrid Ni-based δ-isomer of Anderson-type polyoxometalates (POMs), namely, δ-[C6H12Mo6N2NiO24]4− (1), as an efficient catalyst for the cycloaddition reaction between alkynes, halides, and sodium azide. Synthesis of the catalyst was performed using a facile one-pot method followed by characterization using single crystal, powder XRD, and FT-IR techniques. After optimizing reaction conditions for a model reaction (T = 80°C, time = 6 h, and solvent = 2 mL H2O), the catalytic activity of this compound was examined for the preparation of diversely substituted 1,2,3-triazoles under ambient atmospheric and additive-free conditions, achieving moderate to good yields. The catalyst 1 exhibited the ability to be reused up to four sequential cycles without significant loss in its catalytic activity. Additionally, the heterogeneity of the catalyst was determined by the hot-filtration test.
“Effect of three vitamin antioxidants on reversal of shear bond strength of bleached enamel: An in-vitro Study.”
Authors: Dr. Pooja Sen  , Dr. Ashwini Prasad  , Dr. Deepak Raisingani  , Dr. Harshit Srivastava  , Dr. Deeksha Khurana  , Dr. Pragya Singhal  
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Aims and objectives: To evaluate the effect of Sodium ascorbate, Alpha-tocoferol and Beta-carotene vitamins antioxidant on reversing the bond strength between resin composite and bleached enamel surface.
Materials and methods: The study focussed on use of three vitamin antioxidants. All the groups in the study were subjected to bleaching containing 35% Hydrogen peroxide. Resin restoration were done after 1 week and immediately after bleaching without any antioxidant in Group 1 and 2 respectively. While in Group 3, 4 and 5, following bleaching treatment, samples were exposed to Beta-carotene gel, Sodium Ascorbate solution and Alpha-tocoferol gel respectively for 10 minutes, before resin restoration was done. Specimens were then subjected to Universal Testing Machine. The results were statistically analysed using ANOVA test and Tukey Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test, to comparatively analyse statistical differences between the groups.
Results: The mean shear bond strength values of Group 4 (Sodium Ascorbate solution) showed significantly high bond strengths than Groups 3 (Beta-carotene gel) and 5 (Alpha-tocoferol gel).
Conclusion: Treatment of bleached enamel with Sodium ascorbate and Alpha tocoferol antioxidants has significantly improved the shear bond strength of composite resin to enamel.
Keywords: alpha-Tocopherol, Antioxidants, Ascorbic Acid, beta Carotene