bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antigen-specific. I region-restricted interactions in vitro between tumor cell lines and T cell hybridomas.
Authors: Walker E , Warner N L , Chesnut R , Kappler J , Marrack P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A series of H-2d B cell tumor lines and one monocytic tumor cell line were shown to be capable of I region-restricted antigen presentation to I-A-d- and I-Ed- restricted, antigen-specific cloned T cell hybridomas. For the most part, antigen presentation correlated with the present of Ia antigens on the presenting cells, although in a few interesting cases Ia-expression lines failed to present antigen. These T cell hybridomas, together with the B cell and to monocyte tumor cell lines, offer a unique set of tools to study the phenomenon of I region-restricted antigen presentation.
Regulation of macrophage-mediated suppression by purine nucleoside phosphorylase substrates.
Authors: Cohen A , Kimchi Z 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Thymuses from dexamethasone-treated rats contain macrophage-like cells that completely suppress the proliferative response of thymocytes to concanavalin A. This macrophage-mediated suppression is abolished by low concentrations of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) substrates: deoxyguanosine (20 microM), guanosine (100 microM), and deoxyinosine (250 microM). Similar effects were observed when resident peritoneal macrophages were used. Deoxyguanosine regulates suppression by acting directly on macrophages. The mode of deoxyguanosine action on macrophages does not involve its phosphorylation and incorporation into deoxynucleotide pools. The significance of this regulation of macrophage-mediated suppression by PNP substrates to immune regulation in normals and in PNP-deficient patients is discussed.
Genetic control of the cytolytic T lymphocyte response to influenza viruses: H-2 genes influence the response to H-2Kb plus virus.
Authors: Reiss C S , Dorf M E , Benacerraf B , Burakoff S J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Genetic control of the cytolytic T lymphocyte responses to influenza virus was examined. Mice bearing the H-2b haplotype and F1 hybrid mice derived from C57BL/6 parents failed to recognize H-2Kb plus type A or type B influenza viruses. Congenic mice that shared H-2Kb but had either H-2Dd of H-2Dq genotypes responded in in vitro secondary cultures to H-2Kb plus virus. Mapping studies suggest the gene(s) controlling the ability to respond to H-2Kb plus virus can be localized in or near the H-2D region. Several interpretations of these observations are discussed.
Lymphocytes bearing Fc receptor for IgE. VIII. Affinity of mouse IgE for Fc epsilon R on Mouse B lymphocytes.
Authors: Vander-Mallie R , Ishizaka T , Ishizaka K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fc epsilon R(+) lymphocytes were demonstrated in BALB/c, C57BL/6 and SJL strains of mice by a rosetting technique. The proportion of Fc epsilon R(+) lymphocytes in their spleens was 25 to 33% of the total cells. The majority of the Fc epsilon R(+) cells in the spleen of BALB/c mice were B cells, which also have Fc gamma R. However, after infection of mice with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, a significant proportion of T cells also bore Fc epsilon R. The average number of Fc epsilon R per Fc epsilon R(+) cell in normal BALB/c spleens was 5100. These receptors were saturated with IGE after incubation of the cells with 5 micrograms/ml mouse IgE. The forward rate constant (k1) of the IgE binding to Fc epsilon R on normal B cells was 1.66 X 10(4) M-1 sec-1, while the dissociation rate of IgE from the Fc epsilon R was 1.7 x 10(-4) sec-1. The equilibrium constant between mouse IgE and Fc epsilon R on normal B cells was approximately 0.95 X 10(8)M-1. However, Fc epsilon R on mouse lymphocytes appeared to be heterogeneous with respect to their affinity for IgE. After infection of mice with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, the number of Fc epsilon R per receptor-bearing lymphocyte increased several-fold. The FC epsilon R newly expressed after infection appeared to have a lower affinity for IgE than those present originally.
Complement (C3b) interaction with the human granulocyte receptor: correlation of binding of fluid-phase radiolabeled ligand with histaminase release.
Authors: Melamed J , Arnaout M A , Colten H R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The interaction of C3b, the major cleavage product of C3, with its receptor on human granulocytes results in important biological functions, including phagocytosis, superoxide generation, and release of a variety of enzymes, including histaminase. We have determined the binding kinetics and isotherm of trypsin-generated fluid-phase dimeric C3b at both 0 degrees C and 37 degrees C using human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). At 37 degrees C the apparent number of receptors per cell was threefold greater than number at 0 degrees C (66,000 vs 21,000), and the affinity (Ka) was slightly less (3.5 X 10(7) M-1 vs 6 x 10(7) M-1). C3b dimer binding was specifically inhibited by a F(ab,)2 anti-C3b receptor antibody. C3b dimer induced histaminase release in a dose-dependent fashion at a concentration of 1 to 4 X 10(7) molecules/cell, whereas at lower concentrations a dose-dependent inhibition of opsonized zymosan-induced release was noted. These effects were independent of IgG. In contrast, C3b monomer failed to demonstrate measurable direct binding or to induce histaminase release. Histaminase release, however, did occur after incubation of PMN with affinity-linked monomer (anti-C3 F(ab')2-C3b complexes). Monovalent complexes did not affect release. Monomeric C3, C3c, and C3d were without effect; however, affinity-linked C3 and C3c did cause release.
Ia.W39 expression correlates with a specific Ir function.
Authors: Huber B T , Hansen T H , Skelly R R , Thorley-Lawson D A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The xid- defective mouse (N X B6)F1 male and the I-Ab mutant of the B6 mouse bm12 have mutations on different chromosomes, and therefore in separate genes. However, both variant strains have a trait in common; namely, they are unresponsive to the A chain loop determinant(s) of beef insulin to which mice of the H-2b haplotype respond. We show here that in both mutant strains, this unresponsiveness is concurrent with the absence of the Ia.W39 specificity from the M phi and B cell surface. The concordance is specific for Ia specificity W39 and no other Ia determinant, suggesting that Ia.W39 is identical with the Ir epitope necessary for generating an immune response to a particular amino acid sequence of beef insulin. In the xid-defective mouse, the molecule carrying this antigen is synthesized but not expressed on the plasma membrane, presumably because a mature M phi and B cell subset is missing. By comparison, the bm12 mouse has mature B lymphocytes, but is unable to synthesize Ia.W39. Thus, bm12 has a structural mutation in the gene coding for Ia.W39, whereas xid is a mutant regulatory or maturation gene controlling the membrane expression of Ia.W39.
Frequency and cross-reactivity od cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors reacting against male alloantigens.
Authors: Kanagawa O , Louis J , Cerottini J C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It is well established that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for the male minor histocompatibility antigen (H-Y) are generated by restimulation in vitro of in vivo primed spleen cells from C57BL/6 (H-2b) female mice with syngeneic male spleen cells. When tested on target cells from H-2 different strains, the male-specific C57BL/6 CTL populations exhibited significant lysis of DBA/2 (H-2d), A (H-2a), but not C3H (H-2k), male and female target cells. In an attempt to document this cross-reactivity further at the clonal level, a sensitive technique of limiting dilution analysis was used to determine the specificity of C57BL/6 individual CTL precursors (CTL-P) reactive against the male antigen. The mean frequency of anti-H-Y CTL-P in spleens of primed female mice was about 1/3500. Between one-third to one-tenth of these CTL-P produced a progeny that cross-reacted with H-2d (allogeneic) female target cells. These findings were confirmed by the analysis of the reactivity pattern exhibited by male-specific CTL clones derived by limiting dilution. Of 99 clones tested, 13 were found to cross-react with female DBA/2 target cells. These results thus indicate that a relatively large proportion (greater than 10%) of H-2b CTL-P directed against the H-Y antigen cross-react with target cells expressing H-2d alloantigens in the absence of H-Y antigen.
Activation and immunoregulation of antigen-specific human b lymphocyte responses: multifaceted role of the monocyte.
Authors: Gerrard T L , Fauci A S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The multifaceted role of the monocyte in the induction and modulation of antigen-specific antibody responses by human B cells was delineated. Monocytes were absolutely required for the induction of specific antibody responses to both TT and KLH in an antigen-induced in vitro assay. Monocytes were also required for the PWM induction of specific antibody in immunized subjects. Pulsing monocytes with specific antigen or with PWM consistently stimulated proliferation of T cells in absence of added antigen and could also stimulate specific antibody synthesis although less consistently. Stimulation of specific antibody responses with antigen required fewer numbers of monocytes than did stimulation of specific antibody responses with PWM. Polyclonal antibody synthesis induced by PWM was also dependent on monocytes. However, polyclonal antibody synthesis induced by supraoptimal concentrations of antigen was usually optimal in the absence of monocytes and was actually suppressed when increased numbers of monocytes were added to monocyte-depleted cultures. Monocyte supernatants could not replace the absolute requirements for monocytes in the induction of specific antibody synthesis. However, monocyte supernatants could profoundly modulate the antigen-specific as well as the polyclonal Ig response of lymphocytes to either antigen or PWM stimulation in a manner closely resembling monocytes themselves. Thus, we demonstrated that monocytes and their products play a critical role in the activation and immunoregulation of antigen-specific antibody responses of human B cells.
Increase of hybridoma formation by human lymphocytes after stimulation in vitro; effect of antigen, endothelial cells, and PWM.
Authors: Astaldi G C , Wright E P , Willems C , Zeijlemaker W P , Janssen M C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Peripheral blood lymphocytes from antibody-producing Rh- donors were fused with mouse myeloma cells, and the hybrids were screened for anti-Rh antibody production. Although the resulting hybrids were not stable in long-term culture, they provided a useful test system for an investigation of ways to stimulate human lymphocytes in vitro before fusion in order to maximize the recovery of hybrids producing antibodies with a desired specificity. Although 6-day culture with PWM or with antigen (Rh+ erythrocytes) increased slightly the yield of desired hybrids, exposure of the PBL to antigen in the presence of human endothelial cells was dramatically more effective. This effect was not produced with endothelial cell culture supernatants (HECS) that had been shown previously to enhance hybridoma growth. Culture of PBL before fusion with both PWM and antigen also improved the proportion of active hybridomas, and incubation with antigen plus endothelial cells plus PWM resulted in a very high number of hybridomas, with a very high proportion producing antibody to the immunizing antigen. There are several alternatives to explain the mechanisms involved, but in any case, the technique should be particularly useful when the possibility of fusion of human PBL with a human myeloma line becomes more widely available.
Role of genes in murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in the ontogeny of B cells with restricted capacity for cooperation with adherent cells in the production of antibody to thymus-dependent (TD) and thymus-independent type 2 (TI-II) antigens.
Authors: Gorczynski R M , MacRae S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have examined the MHC restriction that exists for cooperation between B lymphocytes and antigen-pulsed accessory cells for antibody responses in tissue culture, using B cells prepared from spleen cell suspensions of progeny born to (B10 x B10.BR)F1 female mice mated with B10 males. At early times post-birth (3 to 6 wk) progeny animals types as H2b contained a population of splenic B cells restricted to MHC antigens expressed on B10.BR macrophages; in contrast, B cells from H2b animals born to the incross (B10 x B10) were as expected, restricted to cooperate only with B10 macrophages. This unusual restriction pattern waned with age such that by 20 wk of age considerably fewer of the B10 progeny born in the backcross mating exhibited this behavior. We interpret these data as evidence that the early B cell repertoire is to some degree 'driven' by exposure to those MHC antigens (in the maternal placental circulation) encountered in utero. Post-birth, continued renewal of the mature B cell pool occurs concomitant with a diversification (and selection) of the B cell repertoire as a result of experience with antigens lacking this maternally imparted genetic information.
Genetic regulation of the antibody response to H-2Db alloantigens in mice. IV. Antigens that activate helper T cells for IgG, coded for by the non-H-2 genome.
Authors: Wernet D , Heinrichs H , Wernet P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
When B10.A(5R) mice are immunized with congenic C57BL/10 cells only 2-ME-sensitive antibodies (IgM type) are found directed against H-2Db. To obtain 2-ME-resistant antibodies (IgG type) 5R mice must be immunized with noncongenic cells (e.g., A.BY); in this case non-H-2 cell surface antigens will activate helper T cells to induce anti-Db IgG antibody production by B cells. An attempt was made to define helper antigens that activate helper T cells. Neither N-2 antigens of seven H-2Db recombinant strains nor a limited set of non-H-2 cell surface antigens were able to serve as helper antigens. By using individual backcross mice as antigen, one helper antigen was found on the background of strain A under the conditions used, whereas other backgrounds may carry more than one antigen. The helper antigen is dominantly expressed in F1 mice and has to be presented on the same cell as H-2Db to induce the switch from IgM to IgG.
Marked in vitro spontaneous secretion of IgA by human rib bone marrow mononuclear cells.
Authors: Alley C D , Nash G S , MacDermott R P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mononuclear cells (MNC) isolated from bone marrow curettaged from human ribs spontaneously produced significant amounts of Iga in 14-day in vitro culture. When culture supernatants were tested for each immunoglobulin isotype by radioimmunoassay at days 7, 14, 21, and 28, the peak of spontaneous IgA production was reached by day 14. Culturing marrow MNC in the presence of the polyclonal activator pokeweed mitogen (PWM) ablated this spontaneous IgA activity, and did not stimulate the production of IgG or IgM. In contrast, peripheral blood MNC produced significant amounts of all three immunoglobulin isotypes studied in the presence of PWM, but minimal immunoglobulin spontaneously. PWM stimulated both marrow and peripheral blood MNC to proliferate as demonstrated by increased DNA synthesis. In view of the opposite effects of PWM on immunoglobulin production by peripheral blood and bone marrow MNC, PWM may be stimulating a different functional or developmental subpopulation of cells in each case. We conclude that the bone marrow is a major site of IgA production in the human, that cells within the bone marrow have a blastogenic response to PWM in vitro, and that spontaneous production of IgA by human marrow MNC is inhibited by PWM.
Induction of B cell differentiation in vitro by bursal epithelium.
Authors: Eerola E , Lassila O , Gilmour D G , Toivanen A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The inductive capacity of in vitro cultured epithelium of chicken bursa of Fabricius and of its soluble products on B cells precursors was evaluated. The appearance of surface Ia-like antigens was used as an indicator of the early B cell differentiation in vitro. Cultured bursal epithelium as well as soluble substances produced by it were able to initiate B cell development; Ia alloantigens were induced by both syngeneic and allogeneic epithelia. In both cases the induced Ia antigens represented the genotype of the responding cells.
Complement-induced solubilization of C-reactive protein-pneumococcal C-polysaccharide precipitates: evidence for covalent binding of complement proteins to C-reactive protein and to pneumococcal C-polysaccharide.
Authors: Volanakis J E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Insoluble precipitates between C-reactive protein and pneumococcal C-polysaccharide were solubilized by fresh but not heat-inactivated human serum. Solubilization was dependent on the C-reactive protein to C-polysaccharide ratio and the serum concentration and proceeded optimally at 37 degrees C. On 12 to 30% sucrose density gradients solubilized complexes sedimented as a broad peak between the 7S region and the bottom of the tube. In C2-deficient human serum, solubilization was delayed by 30 min and then proceeded at a slow rate. Immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that C3, C4, C5, and to a lesser extent C1q were deposited on solubilized complexes. After dissociating solubilized complexes with EDTA, a considerable percentage of C-polysaccharide coprecipitated with C3, C4, and C5, whereas C-reactive protein coprecipitated with only C3. SDS-PAGE analysis of solubilized precipitates indicated the formation of covalent complexes between fragments of C3 and both C-polysaccharide and C-reactive protein.
The capacity of activated murine macrophages for augmented binding of neoplastic cells: analysis of induction by lymphokine containing MAF and kinetics of the reaction.
Authors: Marino P A , Adams D O 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The capacity for augmented binding of tumor cells is an initial and necessary part of macrophage-mediated tumor cytotoxicity. To study the induction of binding capacity, we obtained FCS-elicited, inflammatory macrophages from C57BL/6J mice. Exposure of these macrophages to lymphokine(s) containing MAF induced augmented binding capacity in a dose-dependent fashion. Resident peritoneal macrophages did not respond to lymphokine, and endotoxin did not appreciably influence induction of binding. Maximum induction of binding required continuous interaction between macrophages and lymphokine for 6 to 10 hr. The conditions necessary for induction of binding closely paralleled those for induction of priming or cytolysis. Exposure of FCS-elicited macrophages from C3H/HeJ mice, although not of macrophages from A/J mice, induced augmented binding. The data suggest that the augmented capacity for binding tumor cells is induced by lymphokine(s) and that a major part of induction of priming for cytolysis by MAF is induction of such binding.
The regulation of Ig synthesis after marrow transplantation. IV. T4 and T8 subset function in patients with chronic graft-vs-host disease.
Authors: Lum L G , Orcutt-Thordarson N , Seigneuret M C , Storb R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study compares pokeweed mitogen-activated immunoglobulin synthesis functions of T, T4 T8, and B cells from 13 marrow graft recipients with chronic graft-vs-host disease (GVHD), 10 long-term healthy marrow graft recipients, and 20 normal individuals. T cells expressed helper function (greater than 20% of the control) in eight of 10 long-term healthy patients and in only four of 13 patients with chronic GVHD. T4 cells expressed helper activity in all 10 long-term healthy patients, whereas T4 cells in four of 13 chronic GVHD patients did not express helper activity. Chronic GVHD patients had T cells (eight of 13), T4 cells (four of 13), and T8 cells (11 of 13) that suppressed immunoglobulin synthesis by normal T and B cells greater than 50%; radiosensitive and radioresistant suppressors were detected. Three of 10 patients with chronic GVHD and one of the long-term healthy patients had T4 cells that exhibited suppression. T cells from all 20 normal individuals expressed help and none suppressed immunoglobulin production. Altered T, T4, T8, and B cell functions were more frequent in patients with chronic GVHD than in long-term healthy patients or normals. Variable function within a T cell phenotype, variable radiosensitivity of suppressor cells, and higher frequencies of altered function in patients with chronic GVHD suggest there are different maturational stages expressed in each T cell phenotype.
Antigenic structure of sperm whale myoglobin. I. Partition of specificities between antibodies reactive with peptides and native protein.
Authors: Lando G , Berzofsky J A , Reichlin M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have resolved anti-sperm whale Mb antibodies into two distinct populations: One population is reactive only with the native molecule, and the second is reaction with both Mb and peptide fragments. CNBr cleavage of sperm whale Mb yields three peptides: peptide I (1-55), peptide II (56-131), and peptide III (132-153). Immunoadsorbent columns made with these three peptides were used to fractionate antibody to sperm whale Mb. These columns cumulatively bind 60 to 70% of the total antibody present in the four sera studied (the amount of antibody bound by each peptide was proportional to its size). The remaining 30 to 40% of antibody could only bind specifically to an immunoadsorbent column of native Mb. This result indicates that not all antigenic determinants on the native Mb molecule are represented on peptide fragments.
Antigenic structure of sperm whale myoglobin. II. Characterization of antibodies preferentially reactive with peptides arising in response to immunization with the native protein.
Authors: Lando G , Reichlin M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The antigenicity of peptide fragments derived from CNBr-cleaved sperm whale Mb has been tested in competitive inhibition assays. These peptides appeared to be very poor inhibitors in a reaction involving radiolabeled sperm whale Mb with antipeptide antibodies, requiring about 10(4)-fold excess of peptides to achieve the same level of inhibition as cold native Mb. However, cold peptides competed much better with radiolabeled peptides for antibody binding than the native protein. These antibodies, preferentially reactive with peptides, originated from sera of animals immunized with the native molecule. This indicates heterogeneity of the antibodies produced against Mb and suggests the presence of diverse antibody subpopulations reactive with different antigenic forms of the protein. Results presented in this paper illustrate that competitive radioimmunoassays preferentially measure antibodies to the radiolabeled species, and this phenomenon can be used to demonstrate distinct populations among antibodies isolated to a single peptide.