bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence and practice impact of weight bias among New Zealand registered dietitians
Authors: Roy Rajshri , Kaufononga Ana , Yovich Franica , Diversi Tara 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimThis study explored demographics and three characteristics of registered dietitians—optimism, perfectionism, and weight bias and whether they affect three components of dietetics practice—dietetics assessment, dietetics recommendations, and dietitian's perception of the client's success.MethodsA self‐administered questionnaire was completed by 92 registered dietitians and student dietitians in New Zealand to assess explicit weight bias. [Correction added on 27 January 2023, after first online publication: in the preceding sentence, ‘109 registered dietitians’ has been updated to ‘92 registered dietitians’.] Participants were randomised to receive a case study for a condition unrelated to weight accompanied by a photo of a woman with either a smaller or a larger body. Participants then assessed the client based on data provided, provided recommendations, and rated their perception of the client.ResultsMean (±SD) scores indicated mild fatphobia (2.63±0.39) in participating dietitians. Dietitians presented with the photo of a larger client assessed the client to have lower health and were more likely to provide unsolicited weight management recommendations. Additionally, dietitians rated the larger client as less receptive and motivated, and less likely to understand the recommendations adequately, with a lower ability to comply with and maintain these recommendations.ConclusionsDietitians and student dietitians in New Zealand may practise in a manner that could be perceived as influenced by negative implicit weight bias, despite the explicit fatphobia scale scores assessing only mild fatphobia. Further research examining the extent of the problem in New Zealand, how it impacts client outcomes, and possible solutions are required.
Impacts of abiotic factors on the fungal communities of ‘Honeycrisp’ apples in Canada
Authors: McLaughlin Michael S. , Yurgel Svetlana N. , Abbasi Pervaiz A. , Prithiviraj Balakrishnan , Ali Shawkat 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe maintenance of the beneficial plant microbiome to control plant pathogens is an emerging concept of disease management, and necessitates a clear understanding of these microbial communities and the environmental factors that affect their diversity and compositional structure. As such, studies investigating the microbiome of economically significant cultivars within each growing region are necessary to develop adequate disease management strategies. Here, we assessed the relative impacts of growing season, management strategy, and geographical location on the fungal microbiome of ‘Honeycrisp’ apples from seven different orchard locations in the Atlantic Maritime Ecozone for two consecutive growing years. Though apple fruit tissue was dominated by relatively few fungal genera, significant changes in their fungal communities were observed as a result of environmental factors, including shifts in genera with plant‐associated lifestyles (symbionts and pathogens), such as Aureobasidium, Alternaria, Penicillium, Diplodia, and Mycosphaerella. Variation in fungal composition between different tissues of fruit was also observed. We demonstrate that growing season is the most significant factor affecting fungal community structure and diversity of apple fruit, suggesting that future microbiome studies should take place for multiple growing seasons to better represent the host–microbiome of perennial crops under different environmental conditions.
Phenological growth stages of sacred Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb. ex G. Don (Rudraksha) using the extended Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie scale
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Singh Sanjay , Rani Komal , Kumar Prabal , Singh Manish , Bahadur Chand Harish , Kumar Rahul 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA standard extended Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie (BBCH) scale is developed for an important tree species, that is, Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb. ex G. Don (Synonym: Elaeocarpus serratus L.) commonly known as Rudraksha. We propose a detailed description of phenological stages and climatic parameters delineating Rudraksha's major key physiological changes. Phenological factors will aid in developing measures for protecting this endangered ethnobotanical significant tree species. This manuscript proposes a monograph consisting of eight Principal Growth Stages out of 10 BBCH stages with different plant growth stages and their descriptors with specific codes. This study is the first of its kind for Rudraksha, and it will help researchers and biologists gain further insights into this sacred tree and related studies about the behaviour of this plant in changing climatic conditions.
IL‐13, periostin and dipeptidyl‐peptidase‐4 reveal endotype‐phenotype associations in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Maintz Laura , Welchowski Thomas , Herrmann Nadine , Brauer Juliette , Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia , Havenith Regina , Müller Svenja , Rhyner Claudio , Dreher Anita ,   CK‐CARE study group, Schmid Matthias , Bieber Thomas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe heterogeneous (endo)phenotypes of atopic dermatitis (AD) require precision medicine. Currently, systemic therapy is recommended to patients with an Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) ≥ 16. Previous studies have demonstrated an improved treatment response to the anti‐interleukin (IL)‐13 antibody tralokinumab in AD subgroups with elevated levels of the IL‐13‐related biomarkers dipeptidyl‐peptidase (DPP)‐4 and periostin.MethodsHerein, 373 AD patients aged ≥12 years were stratified by IL‐13high, periostinhigh and DPP‐4high endotypes using cross‐sectional data from the ProRaD cohort Bonn. “High” was defined as >80th quantile of 47 non‐atopic controls. We analyzed endotype‐phenotype associations using machine‐learning gradient boosting compared to logistic regression.ResultsAtopic dermatitis severity and eosinophils correlated with IL‐13 and periostin levels. Correlations of IL‐13 with EASI were stronger in patients with increased (rs = 0.482) than with normal (rs = 0.342) periostin levels. We identified eosinophilia >6% and an EASI range of 5.5–17 dependent on the biomarker combination to be associated with increasing probabilities of biomarkerhigh endotypes. Also patients with mild‐to‐low‐moderate severity (EASI < 16) featured increased biomarkers (IL‐13high: 41%, periostinhigh: 48.4%, DPP‐4high: 22.3%). Herthoge sign (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 1.89, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [1.14–3.14]) and maternal allergic rhinitis (aOR = 2.79–4.47) increased the probability of an IL‐13high‐endotype, “dirty neck” (aOR = 2.83 [1.32–6.07]), orbital darkening (aOR = 2.43 [1.08–5.50]), keratosis pilaris (aOR = 2.21 [1.1–4.42]) and perleche (aOR = 3.44 [1.72–6.86]) of a DPP‐4high‐endotype.ConclusionsA substantial proportion of patients with EASI < 16 featured high biomarker levels suggesting systemic impact of skin inflammation already below the current cut‐off for systemic therapy. Our findings facilitate the identification of patients with distinct endotypes potentially linked to response to IL‐13‐targeted therapy.
Maternal human papillomavirus infection during pregnancy and preterm delivery: A mother–child cohort study in Norway and Sweden
Authors: Wiik Johanna , Værnesbranden Magdalena R. , Jonassen Christine M. , Staff Anne Cathrine , Carlsen Karin C. L. , Granum Berit , Haugen Guttorm , Hedlin Gunilla , Hilde Katarina , Jacobsson Bo , Nilsson Staffan , Nordlund Björn , Rangberg Anbjørg , Rehbinder Eva Maria , Sengpiel Verena , Skjerven Håvard , Sundet Birgitte K. , Söderhäll Cilla , Vettukattil Riyas , Sjøborg Katrine 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is common in women of reproductive age. Infection and inflammation are leading causes for preterm delivery (PTD), but the role of HPV infection in PTD and prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) is unclear. We aimed to explore whether HPV infection during pregnancy in general, and high‐risk‐HPV (HR‐HPV) infection specifically, increased the risk of PTD, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM), PROM at term, and/or chorioamnionitis.Material and MethodsIn pregnant women, who were participating in a prospective multicenter cohort study from a general population in Norway and Sweden (PreventADALL, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02449850), HPV DNA was analyzed in available urine samples at mid‐gestation (16–22 weeks) and at delivery, and in the placenta after delivery with Seegene Anyplex II HPV28 PCR assay. The risk of PTD, PPROM, PROM, and chorioamnionitis was analyzed using unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses for any 28 HPV genotypes, including 12 HR‐HPV genotypes, compared with HPV‐negative women. Further, subgroups of HPV (low‐risk/possibly HR‐HPV, HR‐HPV‐non‐16 and HR‐HPV‐16), persistence of HR‐HPV from mid‐gestation to delivery, HR‐HPV‐viral load, and presence of multiple HPV infections were analyzed for the obstetric outcomes. Samples for HPV analyses were available from 950 women with singleton pregnancies (mean age 32 years) at mid‐gestation and in 753 also at delivery.ResultsAt mid‐gestation, 40% of women were positive for any HPV and 24% for HR‐HPV. Of the 950 included women, 23 had PTD (2.4%), nine had PPROM (0.9%), and six had chorioamnionitis (0.6%). Of the term pregnancies, 25% involved PROM. The frequency of PTD was higher in HR‐HPV‐positive women (8/231, 3.5%) than in HPV‐negative women (13/573, 2.3%) at mid‐gestation, but the association was not statistically significant (odds ratio 1.55; 95% confidence interval 0.63–3.78). Neither any HPV nor subgroups of HPV at mid‐gestation or delivery, nor persistence of HR‐HPV was significantly associated with increased risk for PTD, PPROM, PROM, or chorioamnionitis. No HPV DNA was detected in placentas of women with PTD, PPROM or chorioamnionitis.ConclusionsHPV infection during pregnancy was not significantly associated with increased risk for PTD, PPROM, PROM, or chorioamnionitis among women from a general population with a low incidence of adverse obstetric outcomes.
A relational approach to Indo‐Pacific strategies: South Korea's role in a networked regional architecture
Authors: Yeo Andrew , Chung Kuyoun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHow do regional actors perceive South Korea's role in the Indo‐Pacific? Using South Korea as a reference point, this introductory paper to the Special Issue adopts the analogy of “network structures” to examine how the network of Indo‐Pacific relations shapes actors' perceptions and interactions with other states in the region. South Korea's relationship with other actors in the Indo‐Pacific is not just a function of bilateral relations. It is influenced by the larger strategic environment and the dynamic relationships that exist among network actors. By analyzing the Indo‐Pacific strategies of several states comparatively, we aim to better understand South Korea's role and place within the broader regional strategic network. We advocate a relational approach to understanding regional dynamics in the Indo‐Pacific that moves past traditional international relations paradigms.
Characterization of myeloproliferative neoplasms in the paediatric and young adult population
Authors: Harris Zoey , Kaizer Hannah , Wei Aria , Karantanos Theodoros , Williams Donna M. , Chaturvedi Shruti , Jain Tania , Resar Linda , Moliterno Alison R. , Braunstein Evan M. 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThe aim of this study was to compare the genomic features and clinical outcomes between paediatric and young adult patients (PAYA, <40 years) and older adults (OA, ≥40 years) with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) to gain insight into pathogenesis, disease prognosis and management. Of 630 MPN patients, 171 (27%) were PAYA with an average age at diagnosis of 31 years. Females were more prevalent in PAYA than OA (71% vs 58%; p = 0.002), and PAYA more frequently presented with essential thrombocytosis (ET) at diagnosis (67% vs 39%; p < 0.001). The presence of a JAK2 somatic mutation was higher in OA (80.4% vs 64.3%; p < 0.001), while a CALR mutation or lack of any traditional driver mutation was more common in PAYA (20.5% vs 10.5%; p = 0.001, 8.8% vs 3.7%; p = 0.01 respectively). Venous thrombosis was more common in PAYA compared to OA (19.8% vs 10.7%; p = 0.002). PAYA had a higher prevalence of familial MPN and familial cancer predisposition, and two PAYA patients harboured pathogenic germline JAK2 lesions. PAYA demonstrated longer survival from diagnosis than OA (median not reached vs 13 years), while disease transformation was less frequent (19.3% vs 37.9%).
The global financial crisis and protectionism: Substitution from tariffs to non‐tariff measures
Authors: Heo Inae , Choi Bo‐Young 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study empirically investigates the relationships between tariffs and non‐tariff measures before and after the global financial crisis (GFC). The panel analysis is based on traded products of 70 countries from 1997 to 2015. For developed countries, we find that tariffs and non‐tariff measures were complementary before the crisis, but they became substitutional afterward. We do not find such shift for developing countries. We also run the analysis by income levels and by types of products and observe differential effects of the GFC on the relationship between the two trade policies.
Is antenatal or early‐life vitamin D associated with eczema or food allergy in childhood? A systematic review
Authors: Zeng Rong , Li Yusi , Shen Songying , Qiu Xiu , Chang Chia‐Lun , Koplin Jennifer J. , Perrett Kirsten P. , Dharmage Shyamali C. , Lodge Caroline J. , Lowe Adrian J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo summarise the associations between antenatal or early‐life blood vitamin D and the development of eczema/food allergy in childhood.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analyses were conducted to synthesize the published literature. Two reviewers independently performed the study selection and data extraction on Covidence. We assessed the risk of bias for observational studies by using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale and the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for clinical trials. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE).Data sourcesWe systematically searched PubMed and Embase from inception and April 2022.Eligibility criteriaHuman studies that investigated prospective associations between antenatal or early‐life blood vitamin D levels, dietary intake or supplementation and childhood eczema/food allergy.ResultsForty‐three articles including six randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Four RCTs of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy showed no evidence of an effect on the incidence of eczema (pooled odds ratio [OR] = 0.85; 0.67–1.08, I2 = 6.7%, n = 2074). Three RCTs reported null associations between supplementation in pregnancy/infancy and food allergy. From six cohort studies, increasing cord blood vitamin D levels were associated with reduced prevalence of eczema at/close to age one (OR per 10 nmol/L increase = 0.89; 0.84–0.94, I2 = 0%, 2025 participants). We found no evidence of an association between maternal antenatal or infant vitamin D level or dietary intake and the development of food allergy or eczema in offspring.ConclusionsWe found an association between higher vitamin D levels in cord blood and reduced risk of eczema in cohort studies. Further trials with maternal and infant supplementation are needed to confirm if vitamin D supplementation can effectively prevent eczema or food allergy in childhood.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO, No. CRD42013005559.
What drives local communities' attitudes toward the protected area? Insights from Bardia National Park, Nepal
Authors: Shahi Kabindra , Khanal Gopal , Jha Rohit Raj , Bhusal Prabin , Silwal Thakur 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the local communities' attitudes toward protected areas (PAs) is critical to PA management planning. However, what socio‐economic and demographic factors drive their attitude remains poorly studied. We interviewed 135 residents in three villages in the buffer zone of Bardia National Park, Nepal, to assess their perceived benefits and costs of the PA. We found that perceived benefits are skewed toward wealthy and influential people, whereas costs associated with wildlife‐caused damage (i.e., crop raiding) are borne disproportionately by poor people. The Tobit regression model showed that wealthy and educated residents who obtained direct tourism benefits from the park were significantly more likely to hold positive attitudes toward the PA. On the flip side, residents who had experienced conflict with park administration (park staff and military guards) and incurred a higher amount of crop loss in the recent past were likely to have negative attitudes. Our results showed that negative attitudes largely stemmed from park staff and military guards' behavior and inefficient service delivery from the national park office. In light of these findings, we suggest the park administration develop mechanisms to ensure efficient service delivery and pragmatic handling of community grievances concerning law enforcement and wildlife damage compensation. We also recommend directing park benefits to less educated and poor households and those suffering property losses from wildlife to improve park‐people relationships.
Recommendations for reporting measures of diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Vrbin Colleen M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article serves as the third in a series that offers recommendations for optimal data reporting, specifically focusing on the statistical methods most frequently reported in Cytopathology articles. Measures of diagnostic accuracy were among the most commonly reported results in Cytopathology, with sensitivity and/or specificity reported in 32% of the reviewed articles. This article will provide a brief overview of common measures of diagnostic accuracy, including sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, positive and negative likelihood ratios, overall diagnostic accuracy, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and area under the curve (AUC). Reporting recommendations for these measures will be reviewed, including the suggestion of providing a 2 × 2 contingency table when possible, or numerator and denominator values for calculations when all values needed for a contingency table are not known, and calculation of ROC and AUC if relevant. Additionally, paired measures should be reported, including sensitivity with specificity, positive with negative predictive values, and positive with negative likelihood ratios. Calculating 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the measures is recommended, with several methods to choose from, including the Wald interval, Wilson interval, Clopper‐Pearson interval, Agresti‐Coull interval, and Bayesian highest posterior density (HPD) interval. Since there are various methods for CI calculations, the author encourages the reader to consult with a trained statistician to identify the most appropriate method based on the data, which should be reported in the methods section of the resulting write‐up.
Learning strategy differentially impacts memory connections in children and adults
Authors: Abolghasem Zahra , Teng Tiffany H.‐T. , Nexha Elida , Zhu Cherrie , Jean Cindy S. , Castrillon Mariana , Che Eric , Di Nallo Eva V. , Schlichting Margaret L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEven once children can accurately remember their experiences, they nevertheless struggle to use those memories in flexible new ways—as in when drawing inferences. However, it remains an open question as to whether the developmental differences observed during both memory formation and inference itself represent a fundamental limitation on children's learning mechanisms, or rather their deployment of suboptimal strategy. Here, 7–9‐year‐old children (N = 154) and young adults (N = 130) first formed strong memories for initial (AB) associations and then engaged in one of three learning strategies as they viewed overlapping (BC) pairs. We found that being told to integrate—combine ABC during learning—both significantly improved children's ability to explicitly relate the indirectly associated A and C items during inference and protected the underlying pair memories from forgetting. However, this finding contrasted with implicit evidence for memory‐to‐memory connections: Adults and children both formed A‐C links prior to any knowledge of an inference test—yet for children, such links were most apparent when they were told to simply encode BC, not integrate. Moreover, the accessibility of such implicit links differed between children and adults, with adults using them to make explicit inferences but children only doing so for well‐established direct AB pairs. These results suggest that while a lack of integration strategy may explain a large share of the developmental differences in explicit inference, children and adults nevertheless differ in both the circumstances under which they connect interrelated memories and their ability to later leverage those links to inform flexible behaviours.Research Highlights
Children and adults view AB and BC pairs related through a shared item, B. This provides an opportunity for learners to connect A–C in memory.
Being encouraged to integrate ABC during learning boosted performance on an explicit test of A–C connections (children and adults) and protected from forgetting (children).
Children and adults differed in when implicit A–C connections were formed—occurring primarily when told to separately encode BC (children) versus integrate (adults), respectively.
Adults used implicit A–C connections to facilitate explicit judgments, while children did not. Our results suggest developmental differences in the learning conditions promoting memory‐to‐memory connections.
Does intrathecal baclofen therapy decrease the progression of hip displacement in young patients with cerebral palsy?
Authors: Asma Ali , Ulusaloglu Armagan Can , Howard Jason J. , Rogers Kenneth J. , McManus Maura , Miller Freeman , Shrader M. Wade 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effects of intrathecal baclofen pump (ITBP) therapy on hip dysplasia in young patients with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodThis was a retrospective cohort series of prospectively collected data. Inclusion criteria were all patients with CP in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels IV or V who underwent ITBP placement under 8 years old with at least 5 years of follow‐up. Thirty‐four patients were matched to a control group of 71 patients based on GMFCS level, motor type, medical comorbidities, worst hip migration percentage at ITBP placement, age, and Modified Ashworth scale scores. Patients were followed for at least 5 years or until they had hip reconstructive surgery. The primary outcome was the development of hip displacement as measured by the migration percentage at the latest follow‐up or the preoperative migration percentage before hip reconstruction.ResultsThe migration percentage at last follow‐up was not statistically different between groups (ITBP: 36.2%, non‐ITBP: 44.4%, p = 0.14). The rates of future preventative, reconstructive, and recurrent hip surgery were not different between groups.InterpretationThe use of ITBP as an early treatment of spasticity did not alter the natural history of progressive hip displacement in non‐ambulatory patients with CP and hip displacement is likely multifactorial, not solely due to spasticity.