bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compatibility of digital and analog methods in assessment of gingival zeniths
Authors: Karaduman Burcu , Sarp Semih , Yilmaz Mustafa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe compatibility of digital and analog methods assessing the positions of gingival zenith (GZ) points has not been evaluated before. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of a digital scanner and a three‐dimensional (3D) measuring tool in specifying positions of GZs by comparing it to the conventional method, an analog plaster cast and a caliper.Materials and MethodsBoth analog and digital impressions were obtained from 32 individuals. Following measurements were conducted in the anterior maxillary region from canine to canine on both the plaster casts and 3D images: (1) The distance from GZ to the corresponding vertical midline in each tooth (GZVM), (2) The distance from GZ of lateral incisor to the corresponding tangent that connects GZs of central incisor and canine (GZLI).ResultsThe intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of GZVM in each tooth varied between 0.366 and 0.755, demonstrating moderate to good compatibility between the two methods. The ICC of analog and digital GZLI for the right and left lateral incisors was 0.788 and 0.395, respectively.ConclusionThe digital and analog methods used in this study are compatible in determining the positions of GZs. Therefore, within the limitations of the present study, the choice of method can be based on the available equipment, time, comfort, and personal preference of the researcher.Clinical SignificanceBoth digital and analog methods have the capability of determining the positions of GZs in compatible way.
Physiological effects of temperature on Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides shows high vulnerability of Arctic stenotherms to global warming
Authors: Ruth Andreas , Svendsen Morten Bo Søndergaard , Nygaard Rasmus , Christensen Emil Aputsiaq Flindt , Bushnell Peter G. , Steffensen John Fleng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGlobal warming affects the metabolism of ectothermic aquatic breathers forcing them to migrate and undergo high‐latitudinal distribution shifts to circumvent the temperature‐induced mismatch between increased metabolic demand and reduced water oxygen availability. Here the authors examined the effects of temperature on oxygen consumption rates in an Arctic stenotherm, the Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, and calculated the optimal temperature for maximum aerobic scope, AS(Topt,AS), which was found to be 2.44°C. They also investigated cardiac performance as limiting the oxygen transport chain at high temperatures by measuring maximum heart rate (fHmax) over acute temperature increases and found various metrics related to fHmax to be at least 3.2°C higher than Topt,AS. The authors’ measured Topt,AS closely reflected in situ temperature occurrences of Greenland halibut from long‐term tagging studies, showing that AS of the species is adapted to its habitat temperature, and is thus a good proxy for the species' sensitivity to environmental warming. The authors did not find a close connection between fHmax and Topt,AS, suggesting that cardiac performance is not limiting for the oxygen transport chain at high temperatures in this particular Arctic stenotherm. The authors’ estimate of the thermal envelope for AS of Greenland halibut was from −1.89 to 8.07°C, which is exceptionally narrow compared to most other species of fish. As ocean temperatures increase most rapidly in the Arctic in response to climate change, and species in these areas have limited possibility for further poleward‐range shifts, these results suggest potential severe effects of global warming on Arctic stenotherms, such as the Greenland halibut. The considerable economic importance of the species raises concerns for future fisheries and species conservation of Arctic stenotherms in the Northern Hemisphere.
Structural and functional analysis of the cerato‐platanin‐like protein Cpl1 suggests diverging functions in smut fungi
Authors: Weiland Paul , Dempwolff Felix , Steinchen Wieland , Freibert Sven‐Andreas , Tian Hui , Glatter Timo , Martin Roman , Thomma Bart P. H. J. , Bange Gert , Altegoer Florian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPlant‐pathogenic fungi are causative agents of the majority of plant diseases and can lead to severe crop loss in infected populations. Fungal colonization is achieved by combining different strategies, such as avoiding and counteracting the plant immune system and manipulating the host metabolome. Of major importance are virulence factors secreted by fungi, which fulfil diverse functions to support the infection process. Most of these proteins are highly specialized, with structural and biochemical information often absent. Here, we present the atomic structures of the cerato‐platanin‐like protein Cpl1 from Ustilago maydis and its homologue Uvi2 from Ustilago hordei. Both proteins adopt a double‐Ψβ‐barrel architecture reminiscent of cerato‐platanin proteins, a class so far not described in smut fungi. Our structure–function analysis shows that Cpl1 binds to soluble chitin fragments via two extended grooves at the dimer interface of the two monomer molecules. This carbohydrate‐binding mode has not been observed previously and expands the repertoire of chitin‐binding proteins. Cpl1 localizes to the cell wall of U. maydis and might synergize with cell wall‐degrading and decorating proteins during maize infection. The architecture of Cpl1 harbouring four surface‐exposed loop regions supports the idea that it might play a role in the spatial coordination of these proteins. While deletion of cpl1 has only mild effects on the virulence of U. maydis, a recent study showed that deletion of uvi2 strongly impairs U. hordei virulence. Our structural comparison between Cpl1 and Uvi2 reveals sequence variations in the loop regions that might explain a diverging function.
Verticillium longisporum phospholipase VlsPLA2 is a virulence factor that targets host nuclei and modulates plant immunity
Authors: Rafiei Vahideh , Vélëz Heriberto , Piombo Edoardo , Dubey Mukesh , Tzelepis Georgios 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a lipolytic enzyme that hydrolyses phospholipids in the cell membrane. In the present study, we investigated the role of secreted PLA2 (VlsPLA2) in Verticillium longisporum, a fungal phytopathogen that mostly infects plants belonging to the Brassicaceae family, causing severe annual yield loss worldwide. Expression of the VlsPLA2 gene, which encodes active PLA2, is highly induced during the interaction of the fungus with the host plant Brassica napus. Heterologous expression of VlsPLA2 in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in increased synthesis of certain phospholipids compared to plants in which enzymatically inactive PLA2 was expressed (VlsPLA2ΔCD). Moreover, VlsPLA2 suppresses the hypersensitive response triggered by the Cf4/Avr4 complex, thereby suppressing the chitin‐induced reactive oxygen species burst. VlsPLA2‐overexpressing V. longisporum strains showed increased virulence in Arabidopsis plants, and transcriptomic analysis of this fungal strain revealed that the induction of the gene contributed to increased virulence. VlsPLA2 was initially localized to the host nucleus and then translocated to the chloroplasts at later time points. In addition, VlsPLA2 bound to the vesicle‐associated membrane protein A (VAMPA) and was transported to the nuclear membrane. In the nucleus, VlsPLA2 caused major alterations in the expression levels of genes encoding transcription factors and subtilisin‐like proteases, which play a role in plant immunity. In conclusion, our study showed that VlsPLA2 acts as a virulence factor, possibly by hydrolysing host nuclear envelope phospholipids, which, through a signal transduction cascade, may suppress basal plant immune responses.
A neurocognitive theory of flexible emotion control: The role of the lateral frontal pole in emotion regulation
Authors: Roelofs Karin , Bramson Bob , Toni Ivan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEmotion regulation is essential to survive in a world full of challenges with rapidly changing contextual demands. The ability to flexibly shift between different emotional control strategies is critical to successfully deal with these demands. Recently, decision neuroscience has shown the importance of monitoring alternative control strategies. However, this insight has not been incorporated into current neurocognitive models of emotional control. Here, we integrate insights from decision and affective sciences into a novel viewpoint on emotion control, the Flexible Emotion Control Theory (FECT). This theory explains how an individual can flexibly change emotion‐regulatory behavior to adapt to varying goals and contextual demands. Crucially, FECT proposes that rapid switching between alternative emotional control strategies requires concurrent evaluation of current as well as alternative (unchosen) options. The neural implementation of FECT relies on the involvement of distinct prefrontal structures, including the lateral frontal pole (FPl) and its connections with other cortical (prefrontal, parietal, motor) and subcortical systems. This novel account of emotion control integrates insights from decision sciences, clinical research, as well as meta‐analytic evidence for the consistent FPl involvement during emotional control when monitoring of alternative emotional control strategies is required. Moreover, it provides novel, neurocognitively grounded starting points for interventions to improve emotion control in affective disorders, such as anxiety and aggression.
“Don't be our daddy”: Feminist labor on the political left in Armenia
Authors: Sargsyan Nelli 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ongoing feminist struggle in post‐Soviet Armenia to imagine a world without patriarchal social arrangements, militarization, and capitalism is multidirectional, involving intimate relations at home, with fellow leftists, and in public political life. Instead of divesting from afforded systemic privileges, both material and representational, leftist men often extend patriarchal power relations to their political work, creating what I call civic patriarchy, an extension of patriarchal power relations leftist men‐comrades practice within feminine‐designated civic work. To the extent that leftist men are invested in patriarchal sociopolitical arrangements, they remain in stronger solidarity with those upholding the existing social order than with their leftist feminist comrades committed to upending it. Drawing on a collaborative project on leftist activism in Armenia today, I examine the work feminists do on the political left to resist their erasure as political actors and to orient the political consciousness of their leftist men‐comrades away from civic patriarchy and toward a more equitable collective life. I argue that a nonhierarchical politics of cultivating relationality that not only sustains our embodied lives in all their materiality but also attunes us to each other with collective life‐sustaining care is key to building broad feminist coalitions across differences.
Spatial patterns of flower colour variation in native and introduced ranges ofConvolvulus arvensis(Convolvulaceae) revealed by citizen‐science data and machine learning
Authors: Surmacz B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFlower colour polymorphism refers to the presence of multiple colour variants in plant populations. Investigation of this phenomenon led to multiple discoveries, including the principles of heredity and the foundations of population genetics. I examined flower colour variation across native and introduced ranges ofConvolvulus arvensis, which exhibits flower colour polymorphism (individuals have white or pink petals).To study flower colour variation of this species throughout large geographic scale, I used observations gathered from the iNaturalist platform. To handle a large amount of data, I trained a neural network to classify the plants' morphs based on photographs. After which I performed spatial analyses to examine the patterns of the colour frequency, also in relation to environmental factors.The results show that flower colours are polymorphic across the whole species range, but the frequency of pinkversuswhite flowers varies. In the Palearctic, I observed geographic clines of colour morph frequencies: a higher frequency of the pink morph in populations from Northwest Europe, whereas in South and East Europe, towards the eastern edge of the range, the white morph was dominant. In contrast, pattern of colour distribution in North America (where the species is invasive) seems random, but the model indicates a link between higher proportions of pink morphs in mild and humid climates.The mechanisms behind the observed patterns remain largely unknown, as changes in a morphs' frequency are not strongly linked to abiotic factors. To understand the spatial pattern, a detailed investigation, accounting for the species' phylogeography is needed. This study provides another example of how the general public may collect data relevant to ecological studies, even when the data are not collected for a specific project.
The effects of miRNA‐27a‐3p on human epidermal melanocytes
Authors: Li Yue , Wang Suqin , Ning Jing , Mao Xiaoqian , Ge Kang , Zhang Ruzhi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the effects of miRNA‐27a‐3p on the biological properties of human epidermal melanocytes (MCs).MethodsMCs were obtained from human foreskins and transfected with miRNA‐27a‐3p mimic (induces the overexpression of miRNA‐27a‐3p), mimic‐NC (the negative control group), miRNA‐27a‐3p inhibitor, or inhibitor‐NC. After transfection, the proliferation of MCs in each group was evaluated by cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. Twenty‐four hours later, the MCs were transferred onto a living cell imaging platform and cultured for another 12 h to detect their trajectories and velocities. On days 3, 4, and 5 after transfection, the expression of melanogenesis‐related mRNAs, protein levels, and melanin contents were measured using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), Western blotting, and NaOH solubilization, respectively.ResultsThe RT‐PCR results showed that miRNA‐27a‐3p was successfully transfected into MCs. The proliferation of MCs was restrained by miRNA‐27a‐3p. There were no significant differences in the movement trajectories of MCs in the four transfected groups, but the cell movement velocity in the mimic group was slightly lower; that is, the overexpression of miRNA‐27a‐3p inhibited the speed of MCs. The expression levels of melanogenesis‐related mRNAs and proteins were decreased in the mimic group and were increased in the inhibitor group. Melanin content in the mimic group was lower than that in the other three groups.ConclusionsOverexpression of miRNA‐27a‐3p inhibits the expression of melanogenesis‐related mRNAs and proteins, reduces the melanin content of human epidermal MCs, and slightly impacts their movement speed.
Phylogenetic relationships and divergence dating of Mantodea using mitochondrial phylogenomics
Authors: Ma Yue , Zhang Le‐Ping , Lin Yi‐Jie , Yu Dan‐Na , Storey Kenneth B. , Zhang Jia‐Yong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMantodea is a predatory insect group, its members occupying a diverse array of widely distributed habitats. Praying mantis species utilize hunting strategies including remarkable mimicry and unique camouflage for hiding from natural enemies while catching their prey. The emergence of a “cyclopean ear” in mantises is thought to be a morphological innovation of the group, and an “arms race” with echolocating bats is one of the hypotheses put forward to account for the emergence of the mantis ear from a coevolutionary perspective. However, this hypothesis has not been rigorously tested because of a lack of robust higher‐level phylogeny and a detailed chronogram of Mantodea. Previous phylogenetic studies found an incongruence between traditional classification and molecular phylogenetics due to the convergent evolution of various ecomorphic strategies of the lineage. Here, we performed a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Mantodea based on data from 61 mitogenomes. Our analyses showed that the monophyly of Acanthopidae, Haaniidae, Nanomantidae, Miomantidae and Mantidea was supported. The newly updated Gonypetidae were paraphyletic, whereas Eremiaphilidae, Deroplatyidae and Toxoderidae were polyphyletic. Our molecular dating analyses inferred that Spinomantodea originated at ca. 149 Ma (Late Jurassic), whereas the origin of hearing mantises (Cernomantodea) was inferred as Early Cretaceous (119 Ma, 95% CI: 110–129 Ma). The molecular dating results indicated that the hearing organ in mantises did not arise in response to bat predation. Our study provides a robust framework for further evolutionary comparative studies of mantises.
Awareness and Knowledge of the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd Edition
Authors: Chen Tiffany J. , Whitfield Geoffrey P. , Watson Kathleen B. , Fulton Janet E. , Ussery Emily N. , Hyde Eric T. , Rose Ken 
Published: May 2023

Background: Assessing awareness and knowledge of the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd edition (Guidelines), released in 2018, is important for monitoring factors that contribute to increasing physical activity. Methods: We estimated prevalence of awareness and knowledge of the adult aerobic guideline (≥150 min/wk of moderate-intensity equivalent aerobic physical activity preferably spread out over a week) among adults (n = 3471) and of the youth aerobic guideline (≥60 min/d of mostly moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity) among a subset of parents (n = 744) from a nationwide sample of US adults in the 2019 FallStyles survey. We estimated odds ratios using logistic regression, adjusting for demographic and other characteristics. Results: Approximately 1 in 10 US adults and parents reported being aware of the Guidelines. Only 3% of adults knew the correct adult aerobic guideline. The most common responses were “don’t know/not sure” (44%) and “30 minutes a day, 5 or more days a week” (28%). Among parents, 15% knew the youth aerobic guideline. Awareness and knowledge tended to be lower with lower education and income. Conclusions: Limited awareness and knowledge of the Guidelines suggest communication about the Guidelines could be strengthened, especially among adults with low income or education.
Late Paleozoic igneous rocks at Clarke Head, Nova Scotia: magmatism at an arc to back-arc transition
Authors: Pe-Piper Georgia , Piper David J. W. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

This study re-examines a reported mylonitic ‘metabasic granulite’ block in a megabreccia that is the most outboard igneous rock outcrop in the Avalon terrane, near the Meguma–Avalon terrane boundary in the northern Appalachians. The block of foliated gabbro is one of several igneous rock blocks in a largely dissolved salt wall and in style of deformation, mineralogy, lithogeochemistry and Sm/Nd isotopes resembles foliated and locally mylonitized late Devonian–early Carboniferous gabbro plutons along the Cobequid Shear Zone to the north. Garnet porphyroclasts in the foliated gabbro are exceptional, with a distinctive composition of Alm
55
Pyr
25
Grs
13
And
4
Sps
3
. Inclusions of pyroxene, andesine and ilmenite, lack of zoning and corroded rims suggest the garnets are antecrysts. Elsewhere in the world, garnets of similar composition in arc-related andesites are interpreted to be from disintegration of comagmatic cumulate material at 0.8–1.0 GPa under hydrous conditions. The Clarke Head foliated gabbro has two mafic components, one resembling arc-related hydrous magma and the other with tholeiitic back-arc character, similar to coeval rocks in the Cobequid Highlands. The gabbro is a product of complex mixing in crustal magma chambers and rapid rise of magma containing lower crustal antecrysts along strike-slip faults.
Kinetic Study of Zirconia-Alumina-Supported Ni-Fe Catalyst for Dry Reforming of Methane: Impact of Partial Pressure and Reaction Temperature
Authors: Al-Fatesh Ahmed , Acharya Kenit , Osman Ahmed I. , Almutairi Ghzzai , Fakeeha Anis Hamza , Abasaeed Ahmed Elhag , Al-Baqmaa Yousef A. , Kumar Rawesh 
Published: May 2023

A better understanding of the reaction mechanism and kinetics of dry reforming of methane (DRM) remains challenging, necessitating additional research to develop robust catalytic systems with high catalytic performance, low cost, and high stability. Herein, we prepared a zirconia-alumina-supported Ni-Fe catalyst and used it for DRM. Different partial pressures and temperatures are used to test the dry reforming of methane reaction as a detailed kinetic study. The optimal reaction conditions for DRM catalysis are 800°C reaction temperature, 43.42 kPa CO2 partial pressure, and 57.9 kPa CH4 partial pressure. At these optimal reaction conditions, the catalyst shows a 0.436 kPa2 equilibrium constant, a 0.7725

m
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l

C
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4

/gCat/h rate of CH4 consumption, a 0.00651

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l

C
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4

/m2/h arial rate of CH4 consumption, a 1.6515

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/gCat/h rate of H2 formation, a 1.4386 molCO/gCat/h rate of CO formation. This study’s findings will inspire the cost-effective production of robust catalytic systems and a better understanding of the DRM reaction’s kinetics.
Distinct Cortical Networks Subserve Spatio-temporal Sampling in Vision through Different Oscillatory Rhythms
Authors: Ronconi Luca , Balestrieri Elio , Baldauf Daniel , Melcher David 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Although visual input arrives continuously, sensory information is segmented into (quasi-)discrete events. Here, we investigated the neural correlates of spatiotemporal binding in humans with magnetoencephalography using two tasks where separate flashes were presented on each trial but were perceived, in a bistable way, as either a single or two separate events. The first task (two-flash fusion) involved judging one versus two flashes, whereas the second task (apparent motion: AM) involved judging coherent motion versus two stationary flashes. Results indicate two different functional networks underlying two unique aspects of temporal binding. In two-flash fusion trials, involving an integration window of ∼50 msec, evoked responses differed as a function of perceptual interpretation by ∼25 msec after stimuli offset. Multivariate decoding of subjective perception based on prestimulus oscillatory phase was significant for alpha-band activity in the right medial temporal (V5/MT) area, with the strength of prestimulus connectivity between early visual areas and V5/MT being predictive of performance. In contrast, the longer integration window (∼130 msec) for AM showed evoked field differences only ∼250 msec after stimuli offset. Phase decoding of the perceptual outcome in AM trials was significant for theta-band activity in the right intraparietal sulcus. Prestimulus theta-band connectivity between V5/MT and intraparietal sulcus best predicted AM perceptual outcome. For both tasks, phase effects found could not be accounted by concomitant variations in power. These results show a strong relationship between specific spatiotemporal binding windows and specific oscillations, linked to the information flow between different areas of the where and when visual pathways.