bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide exploration reveals distinctive northern and southern variants of Clonorchis sinensis in the Far East
Authors: Kinkar Liina , Korhonen Pasi K. , Saarma Urmas , Wang Tao , Zhu Xing‐Quan , Harliwong Ivon , Yang Bicheng , Fink J. Lynn , Wang Daxi , Chang Bill C. H. , Chelomina Galina N. , Koehler Anson V. , Young Neil D. , Gasser Robin B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractClonorchis sinensis is a carcinogenic liver fluke that causes clonorchiasis—a neglected tropical disease (NTD) affecting ~35 million people worldwide. No vaccine is available, and chemotherapy relies on one anthelmintic, praziquantel. This parasite has a complex life history and is known to infect a range of species of intermediate (freshwater snails and fish) and definitive (piscivorous) hosts. Despite this biological complexity and the impact of this biocarcinogenic pathogen, there has been no previous study of molecular variation in this parasite on a genome‐wide scale. Here, we conducted the first extensive nuclear genomic exploration of C. sinensis individuals (n = 152) representing five distinct populations from mainland China, and one from Far East Russia, and revealed marked genetic variation within this species between “northern” and “southern” geographical regions. The discovery of this variation indicates the existence of biologically distinct variants within C. sinensis, which may have distinct epidemiology, pathogenicity and/or chemotherapic responsiveness. The detection of high heterozygosity within C. sinensis specimens suggests that this parasite has developed mechanisms to readily adapt to changing environments and/or host species during its life history/evolution. From an applied perspective, the identification of invariable genes could assist in finding new intervention targets in this parasite, given the major clinical relevance of clonorchiasis. From a technical perspective, the genomic‐informatic workflow established herein will be readily applicable to a wide range of other parasites that cause NTDs.
Outcomes and pulmonary function after sleeve lobectomy compared with pneumonectomy in patients with non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Matsuo Tsubasa , Imai Kazuhiro , Takashima Shinogu , Kurihara Nobuyasu , Kuriyama Shoji , Iwai Hidenobu , Tozawa Kasumi , Saito Hajime , Nomura Kyoko , Minamiya Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundSleeve lobectomy is recommended to avoid pneumonectomy and preserve pulmonary function in patients with central lung cancer. However, the relationship between postoperative pulmonary functional loss and resected lung parenchyma volume has not been fully characterized. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between pulmonary function and lung volume in patients undergoing sleeve lobectomy or pneumonectomy.MethodsA total of 61 lung cancer patients who had undergone pneumonectomy or sleeve lobectomy were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 20 patients performed pulmonary function tests, including vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) tests, preoperatively and then about 6 months after surgery. VC and FEV1 ratios were calculated (measured postoperative respiratory function/predicted postoperative respiratory function) as the standardized pulmonary functional loss ratio.ResultsThirty‐day operation‐related mortality was significantly lower after sleeve lobectomy (3.2%) than pneumonectomy (9.6%). The 5‐year relapse‐free survival rate was 46.67% versus 29.03%, and the 5‐year overall survival rate was 63.33% versus 38.71% in patients receiving sleeve lobectomy versus pneumonectomy. The VC ratio in the pneumonectomy group was better than in the sleeve lobectomy group (1.003 ± 0.117 vs. 0.779 ± 0.12; p = 0.0008), as was the FEV1 ratio (1.132 ± 0.226 vs. 0.851 ± 0.063; p = 0.0038).ConclusionsBoth short‐term and long‐term outcomes were better with sleeve lobectomy than pneumonectomy. However, actual postoperative pulmonary function after pneumonectomy may be better than clinicians expect, and pneumonectomy should still be considered a treatment option for patients with sufficient pulmonary reserve and in whom sleeve lobectomy is less likely to be curative.
Human bocavirus 1 epidemiology in children in relation to virus load and codetection
Authors: Oldhoff Elina , Bennet Rutger , Eriksson Margareta , Allander Tobias 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimHuman bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) has been associated with respiratory tract infections in children. We aimed at retrospectively describing patient characteristics, seasonality, pre‐existing medical conditions, codetections, clinical manifestations and complications of HBoV1 infection in relation to viral load in the child population in Stockholm, with the overarching aim of elucidating the clinical significance of HBoV1.MethodsWe included all hospitalised children 0—17 years testing positive for HBoV1 by real‐time polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal aspirates 1 July 2008—30 June 2019. Patients with HBoV1 single detection, high viral load expressed as an HBoV1‐DNA cycle threshold (Ct) < 25, or both, were separately analysed. We retrieved information on pre‐existing conditions and clinical course from the medical records.ResultsWe found 768 episodes in 727 children, 496 (64.6%) male and 441 (60.7%) previously healthy. The median age was 17.6 months. Most (476/768, 62.0%) episodes occurred during December–March. HBoV1 was in 549 episodes (71.5%) codetected with other viruses. Ct < 25 was independently associated with young age, single detection of HBoV1 and presentation early in the epidemic season. We saw few differences in clinical manifestations between the subgroups.ConclusionOur findings are consistent with primary HBoV1 infection causing mild‐to‐severe respiratory tract manifestations in young children.
Internet activities and social and community participation among young people with learning disabilities
Authors: Ågren Kristin Alfredsson , Hemmingsson Helena , Kjellberg Anette 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundA digital lag has been reported on access to the internet and performing internet activities for young people with learning disabilities in everyday life.AimThe aim of this study is to explore environmental opportunities and challenges when performing internet activities and how internet use influences social and community participation for young people with learning disabilities from the perspectives of the target group.MethodsAn inductive design was applied, with focused observations and follow‐up interviews of 15 internet‐using young persons with learning disabilities in their everyday settings. The data was analysed interpretatively using open coding.FindingsThe environment offered both opportunities and challenges in terms of the design of digital devices and digital support. Support from peers was often preferred. All participants performed internet activities related to social participation although not all used social media. Searching for information was performed, however, finding the information or understanding it was challenging and led to restricted participation in the community.ConclusionMore examples of internet use positively influencing social participation were found, contrary to community participation. It is indicated that concrete learning situations when using the internet for social participation were more adapted to the participants and promoted this type of participation, contrary to situations of internet use influencing community participation.
Does the new digital infrastructure improve total factor productivity?
Authors: Tang Junjun , Zhao Xing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractImproving total factor productivity (TFP) is essential to achieving high‐quality and sustainable economic development. The existing literature mainly focuses on the impact of traditional infrastructure on TFP but generally ignores the role of new digital infrastructure in TFP and does not test impact mechanisms and whether there is heterogeneity in effects. Using panel data of 30 regions in China from 2006 to 2017, this paper analyzes the impact of new digital infrastructure on TFP and its mechanisms. The results are as follows: (1) New digital infrastructure can significantly improve regional TFP. After the robustness test, the results still support the findings. (2) New digital infrastructure can promote technological innovation, optimize factor allocation, and achieve economies of scale, thus improving TFP. (3) Further analysis shows that the positive effect of new digital infrastructure on TFP shows significant heterogeneity. In regions with high economic development levels, high research and development (R&D) levels, and high traditional infrastructure development levels, the positive effect of new digital infrastructure on TFP is more obvious. These findings not only enrich the literature on digital infrastructure and economic growth but also serve as a reference for governmental departments as they optimize their strategy for developing digital infrastructure and realizing sustainable economic development.
Conceptualizing responsible exits in conservation philanthropy
Authors: Le Cornu Elodie , Gruby Rebecca L. , Blackwatters Jeffrey E. , Enrici Ash , Basurto Xavier , Betsill Michele 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConservation philanthropy has grown significantly in the past decade. As the number of philanthropic‐supported conservation initiatives increases, so too will the frequency of exits—the ending of funding relationships. A trend toward “strategic philanthropy,” where foundations fund time‐limited grants, is already contributing to near‐constant exits. We draw attention to exits as a critical and ubiquitous—yet understudied—part of conservation grantmaking processes that can have tremendous impacts on the people and places foundations invest in. This paper begins to address this research gap with the first empirical study of exit processes in the context of ocean conservation philanthropy. We draw on an analysis of interviews and a knowledge co‐production workshop with donors representing 36 foundations investing in ocean conservation globally to: (1) develop a conceptual framework that broadens and clarifies definitions of exits and provides a common language to characterize exits along varied dimensions, and (2) derive best practices for exiting responsibly. This paper provides timely guidance for environmental philanthropy broadly, including the need to think about exits early and often as an integral part of the grantmaking strategy. Responsible giving must include responsible exits.
Cytopathological features associated with POLE mutation in endometrial cancer
Authors: Yanazume Shintaro , Iwakiri Kaori , Kobayashi Yusuke , Kitazono Ikumi , Akahane Toshiaki , Mizuno Mika , Togami Shinichi , Tanimoto Akihide , Kobayashi Hiroaki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveFor patients with endometrial cancer, the POLE (polymerase epsilon) mutation (POLEmut)‐subtype, one of four molecular‐analysis‐based categories in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), has the best prognosis. The following histological characteristics are typically observed in endometroid carcinoma cases with the POLEmut‐subtype: (1) the presence of tumour giant cells, (2) numerous tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and/or peri‐tumoral lymphocytes, and (3) a high grade. However, in the context of cytology, the morphological characteristics of this subtype remain unknown.MethodsDNA extracted from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissues was subjected to next‐generation sequencing analysis and categorised according to the TCGA classifications. Genomic mutation, tumour mutation burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability were also assessed. Cytological specimens of resected uteri obtained using the Papanicolaou method were histologically separated into three types.ResultsSeven out of 112 patients (6%) with endometrial cancer were diagnosed with the POLEmut‐subtype between January 2019 and August 2021. Tumour giant cells were observed in three cases (43%) on histology and cytology. TIL and/or peritumoral lymphocytes with inflammatory cells were detected in five cases (71%) on histology and three cases (43%) on cytology. Cases in which these three characteristics were observed on both cytology and histology may have belonged to the POLEmut‐subtype. There were no cases in which these characteristics were absent on histology but present on cytology. TMB tended to be higher in cases when the three characteristics were observed in both cytological and histological findings.ConclusionsPreoperative endometrial cytology highlighted the characteristics of the POLEmut‐subtype in the histological analysis of resected uterine specimens and has the potential to play an important role in treatment decisions.
Factors associated with sharing equipment among people who inject drugs: The role of community attachment in harm reduction and health promotion
Authors: Broady Timothy R. , Brener Loren , Caruana Theresa , Cama Elena , Treloar Carla 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionSharing injecting equipment is a major route of transmission for blood borne viruses such as hepatitis C and HIV. Although needle and syringe programs are widely available throughout metropolitan Australia, rates of sharing equipment have not significantly changed in recent years. This study aimed to identify factors associated with recent equipment sharing among people who inject drugs in Australia.MethodsA paper‐based survey was distributed via peer‐based organisations between June and November 2018 and was completed by 603 participants. Survey questions addressed recent injecting experiences, equipment sharing, community attachment, stigma and wellbeing. Participants who had recently shared injecting equipment were compared with those who had not shared any equipment using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsRecent equipment sharing was associated with recent heroin use, experiencing any past‐year stigma related to injecting drug use, and higher levels of attachment to a community of people who inject drugs. An interaction effect showed increased community attachment was associated with increased odds of sharing equipment among young participants, but with decreased odds of sharing equipment among older participants.Discussion and ConclusionsCommunity networks of people who inject drugs can play important roles in harm reduction initiatives. While being connected with a community of people who inject drugs increased the odds of sharing injecting equipment, this community connection also increases opportunities for social support, sharing information and mitigating the negative effects of stigma. Collaboratively and meaningfully engaging with communities of people who inject drugs has the potential to increase the reach and effectiveness of health promotion services.
Deep Listening as Bridge‐Building in School–Community Partnerships
Authors: Greenhalgh‐Spencer Heather 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this article, Heather Greenhalgh‐Spencer argues that deep listening is the foundational component of bridge‐building; that it is deep listening that foments the trust and desire for action that undergirds our building of bridges. While “listening” is not a new topic, Greenhalgh‐Spencer adds to the literature by expanding on what are the essential components of the kind of listening — which she calls “deep listening” — that can lead to ethical action, change, and connection. She identifies desire, care, acknowledgment of difference, acknowledgment of power, and courage as the key components of this form of listening. Furthermore, she aims to provide concrete examples of how deep listening enables — in fact, is the primary foundation for — bridge‐building. She begins the article by defining “deep listening” and then moves to an example of deep listening in action, one taken from the context of community‐engaged partnerships — a type of bridge‐building in which university faculty create partnerships with community members. In taking this approach, Greenhalgh‐Spencer provides a clear illustration of the essential role deep listening plays in the ethical bridge‐building process.
Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis: A key hub in the modulation of anxiety
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Ge Shenglin , Zhang Chengxin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BST) is recognised as a pivotal integrative centre for monitoring emotional valence. It is implicated in the regulation of diverse affective states and motivated behaviours, and decades of research have firmly established its critical role in anxiety‐related behavioural processes. Researchers have recently intricately dissected the BST's dynamic activities, its connection patterns and its functions with respect to specific cell types using multiple techniques such as optogenetics, in vivo calcium imaging and transgenic tools to unmask the complex circuitry mechanisms that underlie anxiety. In this review, we principally focus on studies of anxiety‐involved neuromodulators within the BST and provide a comprehensive architecture of the anxiety network—highlighting the BST as a key hub in orchestrating anxiety‐like behaviour. We posit that these promising efforts will contribute to the identification of an accurate roadmap for future treatment of anxiety disorders.
A novel preference‐based artificial‐bee‐colony algorithm approach to the land reallocation optimization problem in a land consolidation case study: DOT village in Turkey
Authors: Özbeyaz Abdurrahman , İnceyol Yaşar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLand consolidation (LC) is a widely used spatial land management tool. The most essential stage of the LC process is land reallocation, which comprises the exchange of property rights. For this reason, land reallocation may be a potential source of dissatisfaction among farmers, and thus, optimization techniques are continually being developed to minimize these dissatisfactions. The goal of this study was to develop a novel preference‐based artificial‐bee‐colony (ABC) algorithm for use in the land reallocation project for DOT village. In the study, the farmer preferences were prioritized. Specifically, 70% of the lands were preference‐based, with the remainder being random. Furthermore, the ABC algorithm's performance was assessed using three limit parameter (LP) values and two probability functions. The best success was attained when the LP was set to 50 and the roulette‐wheel probability function was employed. The success of land reallocation was defined by the occupancy rate in the blocks and the reallocation rates based on the preferences of the farmer's lands. The occupancy rate in all the blocks using the ABC algorithm was 95.54%, the full occupancy rate of blocks according to farmer preferences was 38%, and the land reallocation rate based on the farmers' preferences was 73%. The remaining lands were distributed to the block areas at random using the ABC method. Moreover, the success of the preference‐based population surpassed that of randomly formed populations.
Surgical treatment of tracheocutaneous fistula and tracheostomy scars using a hinged flap and local myocutaneous flap
Authors: Shimada Kazuki , Komiya Takako , Ito Norihito , Sato Munenori , Ida Yukiko , Shibata Dai , Matsumura Hajime 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTracheocutaneous fistula and tracheostomy scar are complications associated with the prolonged use of tracheostomy tubes. They have functional and cosmetic problems owing to tracheal tugging during swallowing and easily visible scars. Although many procedures exist to correct this issue, there is no consensus on the optimal surgical technique. Therefore, an ideal surgical procedure was devised. The study was performed on 12 patients between September 2016 and May 2021. All patients had persistent tracheocutaneous fistulas or hypertrophic scars on the neck after tracheostomy. All procedures were performed using a hinged flap and two myocutaneous local flaps. All patients had no complications, and their aesthetics were excellent in postoperative photographs. The scar was better on the straight scar when the flap's skin is denuded than on the VY advancement flap. It should be noted, however, that this procedure can cause the flap to become congested in a short period after head and neck surgery. This procedure is safe, reliable and simple for surgical closure. This was found to produce excellent cosmetic results with no major complications.
Non‐operative management of umbilical pilonidal sinus: One more step towards ideal therapy
Authors: Muhialdeen Aso S. , Baba Hiwa O. , Salih Abdulwahid M. , Fathalla Bahman Latif , Latif Shaban , Hasan Sabah Jalal , Mohammed Rebaz Omer , Hamasalih Hussein M. , Karim Sanaa O. , Ali Halkawt Omer , Mohammed Shvan H. , Kakamad Fahmi H. , Hassan Marwan N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere are controversies regarding the management of umbilical pilonidal sinuses. The current study aims to report on the efficacy of a non‐operative, umbilical conserving procedure in the treatment of umbilical pilonidal sinus. This is a prospective, single cohort study. The cases were managed in a single private practice center. Patients were assessed and managed throughout the previous nine years (from January 2013 to June 2022). The required information was obtained from the center's medical database. The current study included 114 patients. There were 82 (71.9%) male patients. The patients’ ages varied from 14 to 56 years (mean = 23.24). The umbilicus was retracted under local anesthesia. The sinuses were cleaned with povidone‐iodine. Following the drying of the cavity, the mixture was put in the umbilicus, and the area was dressed. The amount of mixture was determined by the size of the cavity. Following treatment, the patients were directly discharged home with instructions to remove all hair from the chest and abdomen and keep the dressing dry for three days. After three days, the patients were advised to use a clean cotton swab to remove the injected mixture. Recurrence was reported in 5 cases (4.4%). The current technique might be used effectively in the treatment of umbilical pilonidal sinus. It is an umbilical preserving technique with a minimal recurrence rate.