bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of medieval peoples of the Swahili coast
Authors: Brielle Esther S. , Fleisher Jeffrey , Wynne-Jones Stephanie , Sirak Kendra , Broomandkhoshbacht Nasreen , Callan Kim , Curtis Elizabeth , Iliev Lora , Lawson Ann Marie , Oppenheimer Jonas , Qiu Lijun , Stewardson Kristin , Workman J. Noah , Zalzala Fatma , Ayodo George , Gidna Agness O. , Kabiru Angela , Kwekason Amandus , Mabulla Audax Z. P. , Manthi Fredrick K. , Ndiema Emmanuel , Ogola Christine , Sawchuk Elizabeth , Al-Gazali Lihadh , Ali Bassam R. , Ben-Salem Salma , Letellier Thierry , Pierron Denis , Radimilahy Chantal , Rakotoarisoa Jean-Aimé , Raaum Ryan L. , Culleton Brendan J. , Mallick Swapan , Rohland Nadin , Patterson Nick , Mwenje Mohammed Ali , Ahmed Khalfan Bini , Mohamed Mohamed Mchulla , Williams Sloan R. , Monge Janet , Kusimba Sibel , Prendergast Mary E. , Reich David , Kusimba Chapurukha M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe urban peoples of the Swahili coast traded across eastern Africa and the Indian Ocean and were among the first practitioners of Islam among sub-Saharan people1,2. The extent to which these early interactions between Africans and non-Africans were accompanied by genetic exchange remains unknown. Here we report ancient DNA data for 80 individuals from 6 medieval and early modern (ad 1250–1800) coastal towns and an inland town afterad 1650. More than half of the DNA of many of the individuals from coastal towns originates from primarily female ancestors from Africa, with a large proportion—and occasionally more than half—of the DNA coming from Asian ancestors. The Asian ancestry includes components associated with Persia and India, with 80–90% of the Asian DNA originating from Persian men. Peoples of African and Asian origins began to mix by aboutad 1000, coinciding with the large-scale adoption of Islam. Before aboutad 1500, the Southwest Asian ancestry was mainly Persian-related, consistent with the narrative of the Kilwa Chronicle, the oldest history told by people of the Swahili coast3. After this time, the sources of DNA became increasingly Arabian, consistent with evidence of growing interactions with southern Arabia4. Subsequent interactions with Asian and African people further changed the ancestry of present-day people of the Swahili coast in relation to the medieval individuals whose DNA we sequenced.
Forming intracluster gas in a galaxy protocluster at a redshift of 2.16
Authors: Di Mascolo Luca , Saro Alexandro , Mroczkowski Tony , Borgani Stefano , Churazov Eugene , Rasia Elena , Tozzi Paolo , Dannerbauer Helmut , Basu Kaustuv , Carilli Christopher L. , Ginolfi Michele , Miley George , Nonino Mario , Pannella Maurilio , Pentericci Laura , Rizzo Francesca 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGalaxy clusters are the most massive gravitationally bound structures in the Universe, comprising thousands of galaxies and pervaded by a diffuse, hot intracluster medium (ICM) that dominates the baryonic content of these systems. The formation and evolution of the ICM across cosmic time1is thought to be driven by the continuous accretion of matter from the large-scale filamentary surroundings and energetic merger events with other clusters or groups. Until now, however, direct observations of the intracluster gas have been limited only to mature clusters in the later three-quarters of the history of the Universe, and we have been lacking a direct view of the hot, thermalized cluster atmosphere at the epoch when the first massive clusters formed. Here we report the detection (about 6σ) of the thermal Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) effect2in the direction of a protocluster. In fact, the SZ signal reveals the ICM thermal energy in a way that is insensitive to cosmological dimming, making it ideal for tracing the thermal history of cosmic structures3. This result indicates the presence of a nascent ICM within the Spiderweb protocluster at redshiftz = 2.156, around 10 billion years ago. The amplitude and morphology of the detected signal show that the SZ effect from the protocluster is lower than expected from dynamical considerations and comparable with that of lower-redshift group-scale systems, consistent with expectations for a dynamically active progenitor of a local galaxy cluster.
Spatial multiomics map of trophoblast development in early pregnancy
Authors: Arutyunyan Anna , Roberts Kenny , Troulé Kevin , Wong Frederick C. K. , Sheridan Megan A. , Kats Ilia , Garcia-Alonso Luz , Velten Britta , Hoo Regina , Ruiz-Morales Elias R. , Sancho-Serra Carmen , Shilts Jarrod , Handfield Louis-Francois , Marconato Luca , Tuck Elizabeth , Gardner Lucy , Mazzeo Cecilia Icoresi , Li Qian , Kelava Iva , Wright Gavin J. , Prigmore Elena , Teichmann Sarah A. , Bayraktar Omer Ali , Moffett Ashley , Stegle Oliver , Turco Margherita Y. , Vento-Tormo Roser 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe relationship between the human placenta—the extraembryonic organ made by the fetus, and the decidua—the mucosal layer of the uterus, is essential to nurture and protect the fetus during pregnancy. Extravillous trophoblast cells (EVTs) derived from placental villi infiltrate the decidua, transforming the maternal arteries into high-conductance vessels1. Defects in trophoblast invasion and arterial transformation established during early pregnancy underlie common pregnancy disorders such as pre-eclampsia2. Here we have generated a spatially resolved multiomics single-cell atlas of the entire human maternal–fetal interface including the myometrium, which enables us to resolve the full trajectory of trophoblast differentiation. We have used this cellular map to infer the possible transcription factors mediating EVT invasion and show that they are preserved in in vitro models of EVT differentiation from primary trophoblast organoids3,4 and trophoblast stem cells5. We define the transcriptomes of the final cell states of trophoblast invasion: placental bed giant cells (fused multinucleated EVTs) and endovascular EVTs (which form plugs inside the maternal arteries). We predict the cell–cell communication events contributing to trophoblast invasion and placental bed giant cell formation, and model the dual role of interstitial EVTs and endovascular EVTs in mediating arterial transformation during early pregnancy. Together, our data provide a comprehensive analysis of postimplantation trophoblast differentiation that can be used to inform the design of experimental models of the human placenta in early pregnancy.
Mendelian randomization analyses reveal causal relationships between the human microbiome and longevity
Authors: Liu Xiaomin , Zou Leying , Nie Chao , Qin Youwen , Tong Xin , Wang Jian , Yang Huanming , Xu Xun , Jin Xin , Xiao Liang , Zhang Tao , Min Junxia , Zeng Yi , Jia Huijue , Hou Yong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough recent studies have revealed the association between the human microbiome especially gut microbiota and longevity, their causality remains unclear. Here, we assess the causal relationships between the human microbiome (gut and oral microbiota) and longevity, by leveraging bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics of the gut and oral microbiome from the 4D-SZ cohort and longevity from the CLHLS cohort. We found that some disease-protected gut microbiota such as Coriobacteriaceae and Oxalobacter as well as the probiotic Lactobacillus amylovorus were related to increased odds of longevity, whereas the other gut microbiota such as colorectal cancer pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum, Coprococcus, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Neisseria were negatively associated with longevity. The reverse MR analysis further revealed genetically longevous individuals tended to have higher abundances of Prevotella and Paraprevotella but lower abundances of Bacteroides and Fusobacterium species. Few overlaps of gut microbiota-longevity interactions were identified across different populations. We also identified abundant links between the oral microbiome and longevity. The additional analysis suggested that centenarians genetically had a lower gut microbial diversity, but no difference in oral microbiota. Our findings strongly implicate these bacteria to play a role in human longevity and underscore the relocation of commensal microbes among different body sites that would need to be monitored for long and healthy life.
Thermochemical process and compact apparatus for concentrating oxygen in extraterrestrial atmospheres: a feasibility study
Authors: Eltayeb Asmaa , Klaas Lena , Kölz Leonhard , Vieten Josua , Roeb Martin , Sattler Christian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Martian atmosphere contains 0.16% oxygen, which is an example of an in-situ resource that can be used as precursor or oxidant for propellants, for life support systems and potentially for scientific experiments. Thus, the present work is related to the invention of a process to concentrate oxygen in the oxygen-deficient extraterrestrial atmosphere by means of a thermochemical process and the determination of a suitable best-case apparatus design to carry out the process. The perovskite oxygen pumping (POP) system uses the underlying chemical process, which is based on the temperature-dependent chemical potential of oxygen on multivalent metal oxide, to release and absorb oxygen in response to temperature swings. The primary goal of this work is therefore to identify suitable materials for the oxygen pumping system and to optimize the oxidation–reduction temperature and time, required to operate the system, to produce 2.25 kg of oxygen per hour under the Martian most-extreme environmental conditions and based on the thermochemical process concept. Radioactive materials such as244Cm,238Pu and90Sr are analyzed as a heating source for the operation of the POP system, and critical aspects of the technology as well as weaknesses and uncertainties related to the operational concept are identified.
Mechanical and leakage integrity testing considerations for evaluating the performance of tissue containment systems
Authors: Herman Alexander , Duraiswamy Nandini , Nandy Poulomi , Price Veronica , Gibeily George , Hariharan Prasanna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTissue containment systems (TCS) are medical devices that may be used during morcellation procedures during minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery. TCS are not new devices but their use as a potential mitigation for the spread of occult malignancy during laparoscopic power morcellation of fibroids and/or the uterus has been the subject of interest following reports of upstaging of previously undetected sarcoma in women who underwent a laparoscopic hysterectomy. Development of standardized test methods and acceptance criteria to evaluate the safety and performance of these devices will speed development, allowing for more devices to benefit patients. As a part of this study, a series of preclinical experimental bench test methods were developed to evaluate the mechanical and leakage performance of TCS that may be used in power morcellation procedures. Experimental tests were developed to evaluate mechanical integrity, e.g., tensile, burst, puncture, and penetration strengths for the TCS, and leakage integrity, e.g., dye and microbiological leakage (both acting as surrogates for blood and cancer cells) through the TCS. In addition, to evaluate both mechanical integrity and leakage integrity as a combined methodology, partial puncture and dye leakage was conducted on the TCS to evaluate the potential for leakage due to partial damage caused by surgical tools. Samples from 7 different TCSs were subjected to preclinical bench testing to evaluate leakage and mechanical performance. The performance of the TCSs varied significantly between different brands. The leakage pressure of the TCS varied between 26 and > 1293 mmHg for the 7 TCS brands. Similarly, the tensile force to failure, burst pressure, and puncture force varied between 14 and 80 MPa, 2 and 78 psi, and 2.5 N and 47 N, respectively. The mechanical failure and leakage performance of the TCS were different for homogeneous and composite TCSs. The test methods reported in this study may facilitate the development and regulatory review of these devices, may help compare TCS performance between devices, and increase provider and patient accessibility to improved tissue containment technologies.
Mortality rates of severe COVID-19-related respiratory failure with and without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the Middle Ruhr Region of Germany
Authors: Aweimer Assem , Petschulat Lea , Jettkant Birger , Köditz Roland , Finkeldei Johannes , Dietrich Johannes W. , Breuer Thomas , Draese Christian , Frey Ulrich H. , Rahmel Tim , Adamzik Michael , Buchwald Dirk , Useini Dritan , Brechmann Thorsten , Hosbach Ingolf , Bünger Jürgen , Ewers Aydan , El-Battrawy Ibrahim , Mügge Andreas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is discussed to improve patients’ outcome in severe COVID-19 with respiratory failure, but data on ECMO remains controversial. The aim of the study was to determine the characteristics of patients under invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) with or without veno-venous ECMO support and to evaluate outcome parameters. Ventilated patients with COVID-19 with and without additional ECMO support were analyzed in a retrospective multicenter study regarding clinical characteristics, respiratory and laboratory parameters in day-to-day follow-up. Recruitment of patients was conducted during the first three COVID-19 waves at four German university hospitals of the Ruhr University Bochum, located in the Middle Ruhr Region. From March 1, 2020 to August 31, 2021, the charts of 149 patients who were ventilated for COVID-19 infection, were included (63.8% male, median age 67 years). Fifty patients (33.6%) received additional ECMO support. On average, ECMO therapy was initiated 15.6 ± 9.4 days after symptom onset, 10.6 ± 7.1 days after hospital admission, and 4.8 ± 6.4 days after the start of IMV. Male sex and higher SOFA and RESP scores were observed significantly more often in the high-volume ECMO center. Pre-medication with antidepressants was more often detected in survivors (22.0% vs. 6.5%; p = 0.006). ECMO patients were 14 years younger and presented a lower rate of concomitant cardiovascular diseases (18.0% vs. 47.5%; p = 0.0004). Additionally, cytokine-adsorption (46.0% vs. 13.1%; p < 0.0001) and renal replacement therapy (76.0% vs. 43.4%; p = 0.0001) were carried out more frequently; in ECMO patients thrombocytes were transfused 12-fold more often related to more than fourfold higher bleeding complications. Undulating C-reactive protein (CRP) and massive increase in bilirubin levels (at terminal stage) could be observed in deceased ECMO patients. In-hospital mortality was high (Overall: 72.5%, ECMO: 80.0%, ns). Regardless of ECMO therapy half of the study population deceased within 30 days after hospital admission. Despite being younger and with less comorbidities ECMO therapy did not improve survival in severely ill COVID-19 patients. Undulating CRP levels, a massive increase of bilirubin level and a high use of cytokine-adsorption were associated with worse outcomes. In conclusion, ECMO support might be helpful in selected severe cases of COVID-19.
Exploring preferences and decision-making about long-acting injectable HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among young sexual minority men 17–24 years old
Authors: John Steven A. , Zapata Juan P. , Dang Madeline , Pleuhs Benedikt , O’Neil Andrew , Hirshfield Sabina , Walsh Jennifer L. , Petroll Andrew E. , Quinn Katherine G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntramuscular cabotegravir for long-acting injectable HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (i.e., LAI-PrEP) was approved by the U.S. FDA in 2021. We sought to explore LAI-PrEP decision-making among a nationwide sample of young sexual minority men (YSMM) 17–24 years old. In 2020, HIV-negative/unknown YSMM (n = 41) who met CDC criteria for PrEP were recruited online to participate in synchronous online focus groups eliciting preferences and opinions about LAI-PrEP, as well as the impact of a potential self-administered option. Data were analyzed using inductive and deductive thematic analysis with constant comparison. Preferences and decision-making about LAI-PrEP varied widely among YSMM, with participants frequently comparing LAI-PrEP to oral PrEP regimens. We identified five key themes related to LAI-PrEP decision-making including concerns about adherence to PrEP dosing and clinic appointments, awareness and knowledge of PrEP safety and efficacy data, comfort with needles, minimizing PrEP stigma, and considerations of self-administration. YSMM acknowledged more PrEP options as beneficial to supporting uptake and persistence.
Predicting the risk of inappropriate depth of endotracheal intubation in pediatric patients using machine learning approaches
Authors: Shim Jae-Geum , Lee Eun Kyung , Oh Eun Jung , Cho Eun-Ah , Park Jiyeon , Lee Jun-Ho , Ahn Jin Hee 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEndotracheal tube (ET) misplacement is common in pediatric patients, which can lead to the serious complication. It would be helpful if there is an easy-to-use tool to predict the optimal ET depth considering in each patient’s characteristics. Therefore, we plan to develop a novel machine learning (ML) model to predict the appropriate ET depth in pediatric patients. This study retrospectively collected data from 1436 pediatric patients aged < 7 years who underwent chest x-ray examination in an intubated state. Patient data including age, sex, height weight, the internal diameter (ID) of the ET, and ET depth were collected from electronic medical records and chest x-ray. Among these, 1436 data were divided into training (70%, n = 1007) and testing (30%, n = 429) datasets. The training dataset was used to build the appropriate ET depth estimation model, while the test dataset was used to compare the model performance with the formula-based methods such as age-based method, height-based method and tube-ID method. The rate of inappropriate ET location was significantly lower in our ML model (17.9%) compared to formula-based methods (35.7%, 62.2%, and 46.6%). The relative risk [95% confidence interval, CI] of an inappropriate ET location compared to ML model in the age-based, height-based, and tube ID-based method were 1.99 [1.56–2.52], 3.47 [2.80–4.30], and 2.60 [2.07–3.26], respectively. In addition, compared to ML model, the relative risk of shallow intubation tended to be higher in the age-based method, whereas the risk of the deep or endobronchial intubation tended to be higher in the height-based and the tube ID-based method. The use of our ML model was able to predict optimal ET depth for pediatric patients only with basic patient information and reduce the risk of inappropriate ET placement. It will be helpful to clinicians unfamiliar with pediatric tracheal intubation to determine the appropriate ET depth.
Automated high-throughput image processing as part of the screening platform for personalized oncology
Authors: Schilling Marcel P. , El Khaled El Faraj Razan , Urrutia Gómez Joaquín Eduardo , Sonnentag Steffen J. , Wang Fei , Nestler Britta , Orian-Rousseau Véronique , Popova Anna A. , Levkin Pavel A. , Reischl Markus 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCancer is a devastating disease and the second leading cause of death worldwide. However, the development of resistance to current therapies is making cancer treatment more difficult. Combining the multi-omics data of individual tumors with information on their in-vitro Drug Sensitivity and Resistance Test (DSRT) can help to determine the appropriate therapy for each patient. Miniaturized high-throughput technologies, such as the droplet microarray, enable personalized oncology. We are developing a platform that incorporates DSRT profiling workflows from minute amounts of cellular material and reagents. Experimental results often rely on image-based readout techniques, where images are often constructed in grid-like structures with heterogeneous image processing targets. However, manual image analysis is time-consuming, not reproducible, and impossible for high-throughput experiments due to the amount of data generated. Therefore, automated image processing solutions are an essential component of a screening platform for personalized oncology. We present our comprehensive concept that considers assisted image annotation, algorithms for image processing of grid-like high-throughput experiments, and enhanced learning processes. In addition, the concept includes the deployment of processing pipelines. Details of the computation and implementation are presented. In particular, we outline solutions for linking automated image processing for personalized oncology with high-performance computing. Finally, we demonstrate the advantages of our proposal, using image data from heterogeneous practical experiments and challenges.
Seasonal variations in renal biopsy numbers and primary glomerular disease features based on the Japan renal biopsy registry
Authors: Kanzaki Go , Tsuboi Nobuo , Yokoo Takashi , Uesugi Noriko , Furuichi Kengo , Shimizu Akira , Sugiyama Hitoshi , Sato Hiroshi , Yokoyama Hitoshi ,   Committee for Renal Biopsy and Disease Registry of the Japanese Society of Nephrology, Sato Hiroshi , Shimizu Akira , Sugiyama Hitoshi , Kitamura Hiroshi , Katafuchi Ritsuko , Nishi Shinichi , Hattori Motoshi , Yamamoto Ryohei , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Ueda Yoshihiko , Nagata Michio , Makino Hirofumi , Yokoyama Hitoshi , Kagami Shoji 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe analyzed the seasonal variations in the number of renal biopsies and clinical characteristics of primary glomerular disease in Japan using the Japan Renal Biopsy Registry (J-RBR). We retrospectively collected clinical and pathological data of patients with primary glomerular disease who were registered in the J-RBR between 2007 and 2018. Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), membranous nephropathy (MN), and postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis (PIAGN) constituted the four major glomerular disorders included in this study (total, 13,989; IgAN, 9121; MCNS, 2298; MN, 2447; and PIAGN, 123). The number of patients with IgAN or MCNS was higher during summer. However, no overt seasonal variations were observed in patients with MN or PIAGN. Subgroup analyses suggested that in the patients with IgAN, more renal biopsies of severe cases were performed during winter, probably owing to age and blood pressure. Furthermore, more renal biopsies of severe cases were performed during spring and winter in patients with MCNS even after adjusting for the abovementioned host factors. This study suggests that seasonal factors influence the decision to perform renal biopsy as well as the pathogenesis of primary glomerular disease. Thus, our findings may provide important insights regarding the pathophysiology of primary glomerular disease.
Modified extended object tracker for 2D lidar data using random matrix model
Authors: Li Peng , Chen Cheng , You Cong-zhe , Qiu Jun-da 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe random matrix (RM) model is a typical extended object-modeling method that has been widely used in extended object tracking. However, existing RM-based filters usually assume that the measurements follow a Gaussian distribution, which may lead to a decrease in accuracy when the filter is applied to the lidar system. In this paper, a new observation model used to modify an RM smoother by considering the characteristics of 2D LiDAR data is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves a better performance than the original RM tracker in a 2D lidar system.