bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping Inter/National Terrain: On Violence, Definition, and Struggle from Afghanistan to Standing Rock
Authors: Hayes Heather Ashley 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Definitional work has authorized vaguely articulated, unending, US-led terror wars, constituting amorphous, violent, global terrain, spatially, temporally, and discursively. Mapping the terrain in which this violence is enacted helps us examine re-emergences of violence, including entangling Indigenous communities inside the United States—particularly as they engage acts of protest—within the same colonial machines of terror deployed in the name of war outside those boundaries. This essay maps these circulations as they coalesce at one point: the use of battle grade military equipment and former special operations teams against Indigenous protesters at the Standing Rock #NoDAPL resistance fight in 2016 and 2017. As Native protestors were transformed into jihadists and assaulted at Standing Rock, frames of savage indigeneity permeated boundaries from the terror wars’ battle sites of Pakistan and Afghanistan back to the United States. In this cartography, conditions of possibility for governing global communities are remapped. The inter/national crossroads expand and are weaponized into new necropolitical tools of colonization. Examining this violent landscape and engaging with histories of settler colonialism as well as the spatial, temporal, and discursive power of definition, this essay explores rhetorical cartography as the ground for mapping new rhetorical terrains and inter/national coalition against ongoing materializations of colonialism.
Learning, Central Bank Conservatism, and Stock Price Dynamics
Authors: André Marine Charlotte , Dai Meixing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper studies how adaptive learning affects the interactions between monetary policy, stock prices and the optimal degree of Rogoff conservatism in a New Keynesian DSGE model with non-Ricardian agents whose heterogeneous portfolios generate a financial wealth channel of monetary transmission. A positive intergenerational portfolio turnover in the stock market could improve the dual-mandate central bank’s intertemporal trade-off allowed by learning and implies a positive weight on financial stability in the social welfare criterion. For plausible learning gains and turnover rates, a rise in the turnover rate could lead the central bank to reduce the aggressiveness in its policy needed to manage private beliefs if the learning gain is high enough. Both the distortion due to learning and the central bank’s lack of concern for financial stability could lead the government to appoint a liberal central banker, i.e. less conservative than society. A rise in the turnover rate implies a higher (lower) degree of liberalism for low (high) learning gains.
Large-scale patterns of number use in spoken and written English
Authors: Woodin Greg , Winter Bodo , Littlemore Jeannette , Perlman Marcus , Grieve Jack 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper describes patterns of number use in spoken and written English and the main factors that contribute to these patterns. We analysed more than 1.7 million occurrences of numbers between 0 and a billion in the British National Corpus, including conversational speech, presentational speech (e.g., lectures, interviews), imaginative writing (e.g., fiction), and informative writing (e.g., academic books). We find that four main factors affect number frequency: (1) Magnitude – smaller numbers are more frequent than larger numbers; (2) Roundness – round numbers are more frequent than unround numbers of a comparable magnitude, and some round numbers are more frequent than others; (3) Cultural salience – culturally salient numbers (e.g., recent years) are more frequent than non-salient numbers; and (4) Register – more informational texts contain more numbers (in writing), types of numbers, decimals, and larger numbers than less informational texts. In writing, we find that the numbers 1–9 are mostly represented by number words (e.g., ‘three’), 10–999,999 are mostly represented by numerals (e.g., ‘14’), and 1 million–1 billion are mostly represented by a mix of numerals and number words (e.g., ‘8 million’). Altogether, this study builds a detailed profile of number use in spoken and written English.
Linear series with
ρ
<
0
\rho<0
via thrifty Lego building
Authors: Pflueger Nathan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The moduli space

G

g
,
d

r

→

M
g

\mathcal{G}^{r}_{g,\smash{d}}\to\mathcal{M}_{g}

parameterizing algebraic curves with a linear series of degree 𝑑 and rank 𝑟 has expected relative dimension

ρ
=

g
−

(

r
+
1

)

⁢

(

g
−
d

+
r

)

\rho=g-(r+1)(g-d+r)

.
Classical Brill–Noether theory concerns the case

ρ
≥
0

\rho\geq 0

; we consider the non-surjective case

ρ
<
0

\rho<0

.
We prove the existence of components of this moduli space with the expected relative dimension when

0
>
ρ
≥

−
g

+
3

0>\rho\geq-g+3

, or

0
>
ρ
≥

−

C
r

⁢
g

+

O
⁢

(

g

5
/
6

)

0>\rho\geq-C_{r}g+\mathcal{O}(g^{5/6})

, where

C
r

C_{r}

is a constant depending on the rank of the linear series such that

C
r

→
3

C_{r}\to 3

as

r
→
∞

r\to\infty

.
These results are proved via a two-marked-point generalization suitable for inductive arguments, and the regeneration theorem for limit linear series.
Analysis of China’s Film Industry in 2022
Authors: Yin Hong , Xu Haoyue 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In 2022, the COVID-19 epidemic significantly affected the effective supply of films in China, whereby the market fluctuated, and box-office sales decreased. However, China’s resilient film industry continued to persevere with quality products being released. New government policies were launched to help the industry’s enterprises alleviate their difficulties. Due to these policies, film enterprises endured to reduce costs, increase efficiency, and survive the difficult times. While the top-grossing films supported the market, a number of small and medium budget films were successful, with the reputation of young filmmakers growing rapidly. Creating healthy industry ecology, rebuilding the confidence of practitioners, giving full play to the main role of the market, increasing the effective supply of diversified products, and promoting the vertical and horizontal integration of film within other industries are of great significance to the recovery of both the Chinese film industry and its market in the post-epidemic period.
Simulative study of high speed light modulated measured sources for high optical network transmission efficiency
Authors: Prabu Ramachandran Thandaiah , Leon Megalan Leo , Balasubramanian Prasad , Ahammad Shaik Hasane , Hossain Md. Amzad , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study reported the performance evaluation and simulation of passive optical networks for high transmission rates up to 10 Gb/s for possible distance up to 50 km. Laser rate equations, directly modulated laser measured and vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) are employed for the measurement of the network performance. Different bit sequences are suggested to show the network performance parameters with various proposed optical sources. Optical and electrical powers are measured for 50 km network reach. In addition to max. Q factor is also measured for various optical sources and bits sequence variations. Laser rate equations are employed in this network to upgrade the Q factor criteria for maximum network reach of 100 km in the downstream direction.
Keep cool! Observed temperature variations at different process stages of the biobanking workflow – examples from the Leipzig medical biobank
Authors: Weikert Juliane , Mehrländer Angelina , Baber Ronny 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Biobanked samples are becoming increasingly important for research outcomes. Most of the biobanking processes (from preparation to storage) are affected by temperature in a time-dependent manner and have a high impact on sample quality. We aimed to validate time and temperature sensitive processes such as sample preparation, transport, sorting, and storage, which have a high impact on sample quality.

Methods
Temperature was measured using internal or external temperature data loggers. We analysed the temperature and present real data from our sample transport on dry ice and with the CryoPod, from our ultra-low temperature freezers (UTFs) of different manufacturers and cryostores. We also tested sample sorting on dry ice and in a cryogenic workbench.

Results
In the UTFs, we identified temperature zones with a temperature difference from 4.7 °C up to 20.8 °C across the whole UTF. For sample transport within approximately 30 min we observed temperatures of −80.2 °C ± 4.0 °C and −173.9 °C ± 16.9 °C for dry ice boxes and the CryoPod, respectively. Sorting on dry ice was best in a polystyrene box half-filled with dry ice pellets, although the temperature increased by 7.5 °C within the first 5 min, whereas the temperature in the cryogenic workbench remained stable below −100 °C for hours.

Conclusions
Time and temperature play a crucial role in the entire biobanking process, with sometimes immense temperature fluctuations in some equipment. We recommend the validation or verification of all equipment and processes used to avoid pre-analytical errors in accordance with DIN EN ISO 20387.
Eine mikrosoziologisch inspirierte empirische Annäherung an die positive Generalprävention
Authors: Hirtenlehner Helmut , Reinecke Jost , Stemmler Mark 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Positive Generalprävention nimmt an, dass die für alle Rechtsadressaten sichtbare Bestrafung eines Normbruchs in der Rechtsgemeinschaft eine normbekräftigende Wirkung entfaltet, die in weiterer Folge ein rechtskonformes Handeln hervorbringt. Umgelegt auf die Individualebene ergibt sich daraus eine Beziehungskette, der zufolge wahrgenommene Sanktionierungsrisiken die dispositionelle Normbindung beeinflussen und nur letztere dann das Legalverhalten der Rechtsunterworfenen bestimmt. Trotz der Bedeutung der positiven Generalprävention im strafrechtstheoretischen Diskurs sind ihr allerdings kaum empirische Studien gewidmet. Daher werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit für zwei Deliktsformen Panelanalysen zur Überprüfung der skizzierten Wirkungskette durchgeführt. Die Resultate längsschnittlicher Pfadanalysen unter Jugendlichen aus Dortmund und Nürnberg stützen die postulierte Effektsequenz für den Ladendiebstahl (wenn auch nur auf niedrigem Niveau), nicht aber für die Körperverletzung. Mit Blick auf Ladendiebstahlsdelinquenz kann beobachtet werden, dass eine Höherbewertung der einschlägigen Sanktionierungswahrscheinlichkeit in eine etwas stärkere moralische Bindung an das Diebstahlsverbot mündet, welche dann die Häufigkeit rechtswidrigen Handelns reduziert. Zur Argumentationslogik der positiven Generalprävention passt im Übrigen die Hypothese, dass kriminalitätserfahrene Freunde Informationen über die vielfache Straflosigkeit delinquenten Handelns vermitteln und dadurch bei den Rezipienten einen Normanerkennungsschaden verursachen. Längsschnittliche Analysen bestätigen für die Körperverletzung, nicht aber für den Ladendiebstahl, dass Kontakte zu delinquenten Peers die persönliche Akzeptanz materiellrechtlicher Normen untergraben.
Crystal structure of (diaqua-bis(phenanthroline-K
2
N,N′)-tetrakis(m
2-3,4,5,6-tetrafluorophthalato-K
4
O,O:O′:O″;K
2
O:O′)dierbium (III) phenanthroline (1/2), C80H38Er2F16N8O18
Authors: Song Jun-Ya , Zhang Xiao-Yu , Zhang Chun-Li , Zhao Bei-Bei , Huang Shi-Jie , Liu Xinfang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
C80H38Er2F16N8O18, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 11.4228(4) Å, b = 12.6712(3) Å, c = 13.2663(4) Å, α = 102.660(2)°, β = 98.047(3)°, γ = 105.509(3)°, V = 1764.54(10) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0311, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0668, T = 293(2) K.
The link between chronic cocaine use, B cell perturbations, and blunted immune recovery in HIV-infected individuals on suppressive ART
Authors: Cheng Da , Luo Zhenwu , Fitting Sylvia , Stoops William , Heath Sonya L. , Ndhlovu Lishomwa C. , Jiang Wei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
We recently reveal that anti-CD4 autoantibodies contribute to blunted CD4+ T cell reconstitution in HIV+ individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Cocaine use is common among HIV+ individuals and is associated with accelerated disease progression. However, the mechanisms underlying cocaine-induced immune perturbations remain obscure.

Methods
We evaluated plasma levels of anti-CD4 IgG and markers of microbial translocation, as well as B-cell gene expression profiles and activation in HIV+ chronic cocaine users and non-users on suppressive ART, as well as uninfected controls. Plasma purified anti-CD4 IgGs were assessed for antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC).

Results
HIV+ cocaine users had increased plasma levels of anti-CD4 IgGs, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and soluble CD14 (sCD14) versus non-users. An inverse correlation was observed in cocaine users, but not non-drug users. Anti-CD4 IgGs from HIV+ cocaine users mediated CD4+ T cell death through ADCC in vitro. B cells from HIV+ cocaine users exhibited activation signaling pathways and activation (cycling and TLR4 expression) related to microbial translocation versus non-users.

Conclusions
This study improves our understanding of cocaine associated B cell perturbations and immune failure and the new appreciation for autoreactive B cells as novel therapeutic targets.
Metal ion-assisted supramolecular gelation
Authors: Kimura Shinya , Yamanaka Masamichi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Supramolecular gels are generally formed by the self-assembly of organic molecules called low-molecular-weight gelators. However, supramolecular gels can also be formed with the assistance of metal ions. These organic-inorganic hybrids are key for creating highly functional materials. Unique properties and functions that cannot be obtained from organic molecules alone are observed in the metal ion containing supramolecular gels. In this study, several examples of supramolecular gels formed with the assistance of metal ions, cholesterol derivatives, amino acids and peptides, nucleic acid derivatives, oxalic acid, and C
3-symmetric tris-urea derivatives are introduced. This provides an overview of existing supramolecular gels to better understand the scope for possible future research for their practical applications.
Microscopic Characterization of Compound Layers
Authors: Sommer M. , Kahl W.-A. , Fechte-Heinen R. , Hoja S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The properties of the compound layer have a significant influence on the lifetime of nitrided surface layers. In addition to a sufficient thickness, the compound layer characteristics include the phase composition and the porosity. Complex methods such as GD-OES or XRD are already used to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the phase composition of the compound layer. Particularly with regard to the characterization of the pore seam, no method has yet been identified that can be clearly recommended. In this work, the extent to which compound layers can already be characterized with the aid of microscopic examination methods is shown. For this purpose compound layers with varying thickness, phase composition and porosity were formed in the surface area of the material EN31CrMoV9 and EN42CrMo4 by different nitriding processes. It is demonstrated how the phase composition of compound layers can be studied qualitatively by means of special etchants on metallographic cross sections and subsequently quantitatively by image analysis. A more extensive characterization of the pore seam beyond the state of the art could be performed by scanning electron microscopy studies as well as 3D X-ray microscopy.
High Cycle Fatigue Failure of a Turbocharger Wheel
Authors: Neidel A. , Fischer B. , Gädicke T. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A metallographic section from the crack area of an exhaust gas turbocharger was supplied by the customer. The shaft made of quenched and tempered low-alloy steel and the charger wheel made of a nickel-based superalloy were joined by laser welding. For design reasons, the root side of the weld contained a geometric notch, at which a high cycle fatigue crack initiated during the test facility operation of the turbocharger. At the time of examination, it went through almost the entire weld root. As a corrective action, it was recommended that the welded joint be replaced by a shrink fit.
Mitigating strategies and politeness in German requests
Authors: Ackermann Tanja 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article empirically investigates possible politeness effects of different syntactic, morphosyntactic, and lexical mitigating strategies in German requests. In addition to the explicitness of the requestive utterance, internal and external modifiers as well as vocatives are considered. Based on the assumption that the weight of imposition has an influence on linguistic politeness, experimentally elicited production data for two requestive situations with a differing degree of imposition are compared regarding their formal properties. The data come from an online survey in which 578 native speakers of German (from Germany, Switzerland, and Austria) took part. The participants produced 1,006 requests. These were coded for several mitigating strategies and analyzed with a multifactorial analysis in order to identify the devices that are used in the high-imposition context and thus can be interpreted as conveying extra politeness. An important finding is that increased politeness is realized via devices beyond the head act strategy, namely morpho-syntactic and lexical tentativeness markers as well as multiple external modifiers.
Efficient, continual, and generalized learning in the brain – neural mechanism of Mental Schema 2.0 –
Authors: Ohki Takefumi , Kunii Naoto , Chao Zenas C. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
There has been tremendous progress in artificial neural networks (ANNs) over the past decade; however, the gap between ANNs and the biological brain as a learning device remains large. With the goal of closing this gap, this paper reviews learning mechanisms in the brain by focusing on three important issues in ANN research: efficiency, continuity, and generalization. We first discuss the method by which the brain utilizes a variety of self-organizing mechanisms to maximize learning efficiency, with a focus on the role of spontaneous activity of the brain in shaping synaptic connections to facilitate spatiotemporal learning and numerical processing. Then, we examined the neuronal mechanisms that enable lifelong continual learning, with a focus on memory replay during sleep and its implementation in brain-inspired ANNs. Finally, we explored the method by which the brain generalizes learned knowledge in new situations, particularly from the mathematical generalization perspective of topology. Besides a systematic comparison in learning mechanisms between the brain and ANNs, we propose “Mental Schema 2.0,” a new computational property underlying the brain’s unique learning ability that can be implemented in ANNs.
Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis of products of conception in recurrent pregnancy loss for specific anomalies detected by USG
Authors: Gajjar Kinjal , Patel Alpesh , Patel B I , Chettiar Shiva , Jhala Devendrasinh 
Published: March 2023

To evaluate the proportion of chromosomal abnormalities in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) assisted by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) bright out with higher detection rate, more accuracy, and less sample failure as compared with conventional cytogenetic analysis. In this study, product of conception samples with abnormal ultrasonogram (USG) findings of the fetus and clinical history of RPL were first processed for karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Normal results given by karyotype and FISH samples with major anomalies detected by ultrasound with RPL were divided into six groups and aCGH was performed to detect the gain or loss and copy number variations (CNVs) of a particular gene present in chromosomal segments. Among a total of 300 products of conception samples, 100 abnormal samples were identified either by karyotype (n = 70) or by FISH (n = 30). From the remaining 200 samples, 5 showed the presence of maternal cell contamination excluded. aCGH analysis revealed (n = 195) that 74 (38%) samples with CNVs and 2 samples with variants of unknown clinical significance were clinically associated with the clinical findings and 121(62%) samples showed no change in CNVs. The most frequent CNVs were loss of chromosome regions at 2q33.1, 7q11.21, 15q11.1, 16p11.2, Xp22.33, and Yp11.32. CNVs at arr[GRCh37]7p22.3,p21.2(830852-15124702)×1,7q34q36.3(141464180-158909738)×3, 14.2Mbp deletion of 7p22.3p21.2 (SUN1 gene) and 17.4Mbp duplication of 7q34q36.3 (KCNH2, CNTNAP2, and SHH genes) were found in one sample, and CNVs at arr[GRCh37]8p22.2q22.3(86326349-105509986)×1 and 2.48Mbp deletion of 8p22.2q22.3 (GRHL1 gene) were found in another sample.

Lay summary
Recurrent pregnancy loss is considered as two or more consecutive pregnancy losses. Fetal birth defects are thoroughly associated with chromosomal (thread-like structures containing packaged genetic material) abnormalities, which are the underlying causes of pregnancy loss. The evaluation of chromosomal abnormalities is required to diagnose pregnancy loss to improve the prognosis of future pregnancies. The largest proportion of chromosomal abnormalities was observed in the fetal tissue that remains in the uterus after pregnancy. We analyzed 300 retained fetal tissue samples and implicated different methods to recognize the structural abnormalities in the chromosomes. Moreover, simultaneously detect the expression of thousands of genes from fetal tissue. A clinical indication and their association of chromosomal abnormalities were obtained in 38% of cases with assorted fetal ultrasound defects in multiple pregnancy losses and two samples with a variety of unknown clinical indications. It revealed that chromosomal alteration in fetal birth defects is responsible for multiple pregnancy losses.