bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ferroptosis signature predicts the prognosis and immune microenvironment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Ji , Guo Tianyao , Zhou Lin , Bao Meihua , Wang Lin , Zhou Wenhu , Tan Shan , Li Guangyi , He Binsheng , Guo Zhen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a cancer with a high metastatic rate and poor prognosis. Growing studies suggest that ferroptosis take part in the development of tumours. At the same time, the connection between ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) and the prognosis of NPC remains unclear. In this study, we explored the dysregulated FRGs between normal control and tumour samples of NPC. Firstly, 14 of 36 differentially expressed FRGs were identified in NPC tissues compared to normal tissues, among which ABCC1, GLS2, CS and HMGCR were associated with poor prognosis for patients. The four ferroptosis genes were used for consensus cluster analysis and two risk-related FRGs (ABCC1 and GLS2) were used in a risk model. The ROC curve revealed the good predictive performance of this risk signature. Multivariate analysis revealed that risk score and intratumoral TILs were independent risk factors linked to prognosis. Additionally, our results suggested that the risk signature was attached to the immune microenvironment. Moreover, the NPC patients with high risk were sensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs including axitinib, docetaxel, embelin, epothilone.B, parthenolide, thapsigargin, tipifarnib, vinorelbine. Finally, the expression of ABCC1 and GLS2 was validated in NPC tissues using immunohistochemistry. Together, these results revealed ferroptosis may be a potential biomarker in NPC and representing a promising future direction in prognosis and therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NPC.
Risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in older adults with a criminal background: a population-based register study in Sweden
Authors: Solares Carmen , Garcia-Argibay Miguel , Chang Zheng , Dobrosavljevic Maja , Larsson Henrik , Andershed Henrik 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCriminal behaviour has previously been associated with an increased risk for several mental health problems, but little is known about the association between criminal behaviour and dementia. We aimed to examine how the criminal background (type of crime, number of convictions, length of the sentence) is associated with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and how mental and physical health disorders and educational attainment influenced these associations. A nationwide cohort of 3,617,028 individuals born between 1932 and 1962 were linked with criminal and medical records using Swedish national registers. We used Cox regression models to examine the associations. Increased risks for dementia (Hazard ratios (HRs) 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50–1.57) and MCI (1.55, 1.50–1.61) were found in individuals with criminal background, particularly among those who committed violent or several crimes, or with long sentences. After full adjustment of covariates, the associations attenuated but remained statistically significant for dementia (1.25, 1.22–1.28) and MCI (1.27, 1.22–1.32). The attenuation was mostly explained by mental health problems -depression, anxiety, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, substance use disorder (SUD), and bipolar disorder- (dementia: 1.34, 1.31–1.37; MCI: 1.35, 1.30–1.40). SUD contributed the most to attenuate the associations. Our results may provide important insights to health and penal systems by showing the importance of considering the severity of the criminal background and life-course mental health when assessing the risk of neurodegenerative disorders.
Distributed compact plasma reactor decontamination for planetary protection in space missions
Authors: Choudhury Bhaswati , Revazishvili Tamara , Lozada Maria , Roy Sarthak , Mastro Emma Noelle , Portugal Sherlie , Roy Subrata 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a proof-of-concept study establishing effectiveness of the Active Plasma Sterilizer (APS) for decontamination in planetary protection. The APS uses Compact Portable Plasma Reactors (CPPRs) to produce surface dielectric barrier discharge, a type of cold plasma, using ambient air to generate and distribute reactive species like ozone used for decontamination. Decontamination tests were performed with pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) on materials (Aluminum, Polycarbonate, Kevlar and Orthofabric) relevant to space missions. Results show that the APS can achieve 4 to 5 log reductions of pathogenic bacteria on four selected materials, simultaneously at 11 points within 30 min, using power of 13.2 ± 2.22 W. Spatial decontamination data shows the APS can uniformly sterilize several areas of a contaminated surface within 30 min. Ozone penetration through Kevlar and Orthofabric layers was achieved using the CPPR with no external agent assisting penetration. Preliminary material compatibility tests with SEM analysis of the APS exposed materials showed no significant material damage. Thus, this study shows the potential of the APS as a light-weight sustainable decontamination technology for planetary protection with advantages of uniform spatial decontamination, low processing temperatures, low exposure times, material compatibility and the ability to disinfect porous surfaces.
Fetal bovine serum, an important factor affecting the reproducibility of cell experiments
Authors: Liu Shuai , Yang Wei , Li Yunlei , Sun Changqing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFetal bovine serum (FBS) is a natural medium used in cell cultures containing the large amount of nutrients necessary for cell growth and is often used for in vitro cultures of animal cells. Although FBS plays a vital role in cell cultures, there are small molecules contained within FBS that remain unidentified, and their effects on cultured cells is poorly understood. Here, we report that different brands of FBS have varying influences on the background expression of IL-8, not TNFα and IL1β in epithelial cells. The endogenous small molecules in FBS and ERK pathways may contribute to these effects. In addition, FBS form the IL-8 stimulation and IL-8 non-responsive groups have different metabolome profiles. Overall, our study suggests that metabolites in FBS should be included in the quantitative considerations when conducting cell experiments, especially immune-related experiments, to improve the repeatability of experimental results in scientific papers; IL-8 could thus be an important factor in selecting FBS.
CT-based data generation for foreign object detection on a single X-ray projection
Authors: Andriiashen Vladyslav , van Liere Robert , van Leeuwen Tristan , Batenburg K. Joost 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough X-ray imaging is used routinely in industry for high-throughput product quality control, its capability to detect internal defects has strong limitations. The main challenge stems from the superposition of multiple object features within a single X-ray view. Deep Convolutional neural networks can be trained by annotated datasets of X-ray images to detect foreign objects in real-time. However, this approach depends heavily on the availability of a large amount of data, strongly hampering the viability of industrial use with high variability between batches of products. We present a computationally efficient, CT-based approach for creating artificial single-view X-ray data based on just a few physically CT-scanned objects. By algorithmically modifying the CT-volume, a large variety of training examples is obtained. Our results show that applying the generative model to a single CT-scanned object results in image analysis accuracy that would otherwise be achieved with scans of tens of real-world samples. Our methodology leads to a strong reduction in training data needed, improved coverage of the combinations of base and foreign objects, and extensive generalizability to additional features. Once trained on just a single CT-scanned object, the resulting deep neural network can detect foreign objects in real-time with high accuracy.
Severe SARS-Cov2 pneumonia in vaccinated patients: a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Mirouse Adrien , Friol Alice , Moreau Anne-Sophie , Jung Boris , Jullien Edouard , Bureau Côme , Djibré Michel , de Prost Nicolas , Zafrani Lara , Argaud Laurent , Reuter Danielle , Calvet Laure , de Montmollin Etienne , Benghanem Sarah , Pichereau Claire , Pham Tai , Cacoub Patrice , Biard Lucie , Saadoun David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVaccination reduces risk of infection, hospitalization, and death due to SARS-Cov2. Vaccinated patients may however experience severe SARS-Cov2 disease. The objective was to describe clinical features of vaccinated patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission due to SARS-Cov2 infection and compare them to a published cohort of unvaccinated patients. We performed a multicenter cohort study of patients with severe SARS-Cov2 disease admitted to 15 ICUs in France between January and September 2021. 100 consecutive vaccinated patients (68 (68%) men, median age 64 [57–71]) were included. Immunosuppression was reported in 38 (38%) patients. Among available serologies at ICU admission, 64% exhibited an optimal antibody level. Median SOFA score at ICU admission was 4 [4–6.3] and median PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 84 [69–128] mmHg. A total of 79 (79%) and 18 (18%) patients received high flow nasal oxygen and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, respectively. Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) was initiated in 48 (48%) with a median duration of 11 [5–19] days. During a median ICU length-of-stay of 8 [4–20] days, 31 (31%) patients died. Age (OR per 5-years increment 1.38 CI95% [1.02–1.85], p = 0.035), and SOFA at ICU admission (OR 1.40 CI95% [1.14–1.72] per point, p = 0.002) were independently associated with mortality. When compared to a cohort of 1316 unvaccinated patients (72% men, median age 63 [53–71]), vaccinated patients exhibited less frequently diabetes (16 [16%] vs. 351 [27%], p = 0.029) but were more frequently immunosuppressed (38 [38%] vs. 109 (8.3%), p < 0.0001), had more frequently chronic kidney disease (24 [24%] vs. 89 (6.8%), p < 0.0001), chronic heart failure (16 [16%] vs. 58 [4.4%], p < 0.0001), and chronic liver disease (3 [3%] vs. 8 [0.6%], p = 0.037) compared to unvaccinated patients. Despite similar severity, vaccinated patients required less frequently IMV at ICU day 1 and during ICU stay (23 [23%] vs. 785 [59.7%], p < 0.0001, and 48 [48%] vs. 930 [70.7%], p < 0.0001, respectively). There was no difference concerning ICU mortality (31 [31%] vs. 379 [28.8%], p = 0.64). Severe SARS-Cov2 infection after vaccination occurs mainly in patients with immunosuppression, chronic kidney, heart or liver failure. Age and disease severity are independently associated with mortality.
Different functional networks underlying human walking with pulling force fields acting in forward or backward directions
Authors: Ogawa Tetsuya , Obata Hiroki , Yokoyama Hikaru , Kawashima Noritaka , Nakazawa Kimitaka 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWalking with pulling force fields acting at the body center of mass (in the forward or backward directions) is compatible with inclined walking and is used in clinical practice for gait training. From the perspective of known differences in the motor strategies that underlie walking with the respective force fields, the present study elucidated whether the adaptation acquired by walking on a split-belt treadmill with either one of the force fields affects subsequent walking in a force field in the opposite directions. Walking with the force field induced an adaptive and de-adaptive behavior of the subjects, with the aspect evident in the braking and propulsive impulses of the ground reaction force (difference in the peak value between the left and right sides for each stride cycle) as parameters. In the parameters, the adaptation acquired during walking with a force field acting in one direction was transferred to that in the opposite direction only partially. Furthermore, the adaptation that occurred while walking in a force field in one direction was rarely washed out by subsequent walking in a force field in the opposite direction and thus was maintained independently of the other. These results demonstrated possible independence in the neural functional networks capable of controlling walking in each movement task with an opposing force field.
Relationship between brain metastasis and thyroid transcription factor 1
Authors: Kut Engin , Menekşe Serkan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBrain metastases (BMs) are common in lung adenocarcinomas (ACs). Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) is important in the diagnosis of AC. This study aimed to examine the relationship between TTF-1 and BM for the first time in literature. The data of 137 patients with AC that developed BM between 2009 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 137 patients, 120 (87.6%) male, and 17 (12.4%) female were examined. Their mean age was 59.78 ± 0.82 years. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score was 0–1 (< 2) for 39 (28.5%) patients and 2–4 (≤ 2) for 98 (71.5%). TTF-1 was positive in 100 (73%) patients and negative in 37 (27%). More than five BMs were present in 102 (74.4%) patients and less than five in 35 (25.6%). All the patients received whole-brain radiotherapy. None of the patients was suitable for surgery or radiosurgery. The median survival time was 6.4 [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.67–7.1] months. The survival time was 7 (95% CI, 5.91–8.09) months for the TTF-1 (+) patients and 5.8 (95% CI, 4.1–7.5) months for the TTF-1 (−) patients. In the univariate analysis, there was a significant relationship between survival time and age (p = 0.047), TTF-1 (p = 0.024), and ECOG performance score (p = 0.002). The multivariance analysis revealed a significant relationship between survival and TTF-1 (p = 0.034) and ECOG score (p = 0.007). We found a correlation between survival time and ECOG performance score and TTF-1. TTF-1 can be used as a biomarker to monitor prognosis in the follow-up and treatment of patients with AC that develop BM.
High frequency beam oscillation keyhole dynamics in laser melting revealed by in-situ x-ray imaging
Authors: Wu Ziheng , Tang Guannan , Clark Samuel J. , Meshkov Andrey , Roychowdhury Subhrajit , Gould Benjamin , Ostroverkhov Victor , Adcock Thomas , Duclos Steven J. , Fezzaa Kamel , Immer Christopher , Rollett Anthony D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe metal additive manufacturing industry is actively developing instruments and strategies to enable higher productivity, optimal build quality, and controllable as-built microstructure. A beam controlling technique, laser oscillation has shown potential in all these aspects in laser welding; however, few attempts have been made to understand the underlying physics of the oscillating keyholes/melt pools which are the prerequisites for these strategies to become a useful tool for laser-based additive manufacturing processes. Here, to address this gap, we utilized a synchrotron-based X-ray operando technique to image the dynamic keyhole oscillation in Ti-6Al-4V using a miniature powder bed fusion setup. We found good agreement between the experimental observations and simulations performed with a validated Lattice Boltzmann multiphysics model. The study revealed the continuous and periodic fluctuations in the characteristic keyhole parameters that are unique to the oscillating laser beam processing and responsible for the chevron pattern formation at solidification. In particular, despite the intrinsic longer-range fluctuation, the oscillating technique displayed potential for reducing keyhole instability, mitigating porosity formation, and altering surface topology. These insights on the oscillating keyhole dynamics can be useful for the future development and application of this technique.
The projected future degradation in air quality is caused by more abundant natural aerosols in a warmer world
Authors: Gomez James , Allen Robert J. , Turnock Steven T. , Horowitz Larry W. , Tsigaridis Kostas , Bauer Susanne E. , Olivié Dirk , Thomson Erik S. , Ginoux Paul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that greenhouse gas-induced warming can lead to increased fine particulate matter concentrations and degraded air quality. However, significant uncertainties remain regarding the sign and magnitude of the response to warming and the underlying mechanisms. Here, we show that thirteen models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 all project an increase in global average concentrations of fine particulate matter in response to rising carbon dioxide concentrations, but the range of increase across models is wide. The two main contributors to this increase are increased abundance of dust and secondary organic aerosols via intensified West African monsoon and enhanced emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds, respectively. Much of the inter-model spread is related to different treatment of biogenic volatile organic compounds. Our results highlight the importance of natural aerosols in degrading air quality under current warming, while also emphasizing that improved understanding of biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions due to climate change is essential for numerically assessing future air quality.
Unique progerin C-terminal peptide ameliorates Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome phenotype by rescuing BUBR1
Authors: Zhang Na , Hu Qianying , Sui Tingting , Fu Lu , Zhang Xinglin , Wang Yu , Zhu Xiaojuan , Huang Baiqu , Lu Jun , Li Zhanjun , Zhang Yu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn accumulating body of evidence indicates an association between mitotic defects and the aging process in Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), which is a premature aging disease caused by progerin accumulation. Here, we found that BUBR1, a core component of the spindle assembly checkpoint, was downregulated during HGPS cellular senescence. The remaining BUBR1 was anchored to the nuclear membrane by binding with the C terminus of progerin, thus further limiting the function of BUBR1. Based on this, we established a unique progerin C-terminal peptide (UPCP) that effectively blocked the binding of progerin and BUBR1 and enhanced the expression of BUBR1 by interfering with the interaction between PTBP1 and progerin. Finally, UPCP significantly inhibited HGPS cellular senescence and ameliorated progeroid phenotypes, extending the lifespan ofLmnaG609G/G609Gmice. Our findings reveal an essential role for the progerin-PTBP1-BUBR1 axis in HGPS. Therapeutics designed around UPCP may be a beneficial strategy for HGPS treatment.
The Microbes Fight Back: Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Bowater Laura 
Published: February 2023

Antibiotics are familiar drugs to us all, so familiar that we may take them for granted. They allow us to survive life-threatening infections, and allow us to protect the animals we farm for food. Many antibiotics have now become ineffective against common diseases, and there are few alternative treatments to replace them. In this topical popular science book, Laura Bowater, Professor of Microbiology Education and Engagement at Norwich Medical School, considers the past, present and uncertain future of antibiotics.
This book begins by looking back at how infectious diseases, such as smallpox and the plague, were able to wreak havoc on populations before the discovery of the first antibiotics. These then revolutionised the medical world. In an engaging and accessible style, Professor Bowater takes the reader through how antibiotics are made, how bacteria are able to mutate and develop resistance and she explains why there is now a lack of new antibiotic drugs coming to market.
What will a future of continued antibiotic resistance look like? How can human activities prevent the rise of ‘superbugs'? Professor Bowater highlights the need for universal cooperation in order to tackle this global health challenge, which, if not addressed, could transport us back to the medical dark ages.
The Chemistry of Carbonyl Compounds and Derivatives
Authors: Costa Paulo , Pilli Ronaldo , Pinheiro Sergio , Bakuzis Peter 
Published: February 2023

Originally published in Portuguese, this book is divided into three sections: the chemistry of aldehydes, ketones, nitriles, imines and derivatives; the chemistry of carboxylic and carbonic acids and derivatives; and the chemistry of alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyls. The authors have merged aspects of valence bond and molecular orbital theories in order to discuss structural and physico-chemical properties and reactivity and stereochemical outcomes of the most relevant reactions for these functional groups.
The book provides representative experimental procedures for key reactions; highlights to contextualize the concepts; properties (industrial applications, biochemical significance and catalytic developments in order to cope with the major tenets of the green chemistry approach) and includes some biographical notes for the scientists who contributed to this field. It will help advanced level undergraduate and graduate students to understand and become well acquainted with the reactions of carbonyl compounds and derivatives. The integrated approach is considered an attractive feature of this book since students receive relatively little exposure to molecular orbital theory at the undergraduate level. The juxtaposition of conventional valence bond theory with molecular orbital theory fills a largely unmet pedagogical niche.
Perfume in the Bible
Authors: Sell Charles 
Published: February 2023

Perfume is part of the biblical text from Genesis through to Revelation, just as perfume pervades our modern life. Identifying the ingredients used in biblical times is difficult when information and meaning is lost in ancient languages. As expected, biblical perfumes were made from natural products but the range employed is surprisingly different from those of modern perfumes. The biblical ingredients are either defensive substances or products of decay, opening up an avenue of speculation as to why this is so.
Charles Sell started his research into this area whilst working at Givaudan, the world’s leading manufacturer of perfumes and flavours. The introductory chapter of this book gives a brief outline of the history of the Bible lands, paving the way to understanding the difficulties in identifying exactly which plant sources the original authors meant. Other chapters discuss how plants make chemicals and how the sense of smell functions. The book explores the preparation, storage and uses of perfume, both sacred and secular, and compares and contrasts biblical perfumes with their modern equivalents. It recounts some interesting biblical events involving perfume ranging from courtship through seduction to prostitution and murder. The use of beautiful images from the windows of Canterbury Cathedral, where the author is a guide, illustrate some of the people and events in the biblical accounts and enable visualization of the historical uses of perfumes.
The book is aimed at a broad audience and requires no prior specialised knowledge. The subject matter will be of interest to everyone, including chemists and general scientists, historians, those interested in perfumery, those interested in religious studies, and anyone interested in exploring chemistry in the world of art and the creative professions.