bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reappraisal of statin primary prevention trials: implications for identification of the statin-eligible primary prevention patient
Authors: Mancini G B John , Ryomoto Arnold , Yeoh Eunice , Iatan Iulia , Brunham Liam R , Hegele Robert A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Aims
Identification of patients eligible for primary prevention statin therapy is complex, often relying upon risk algorithms that diverge internationally. Our goal was to develop a simpler global definition of statin-eligible primary prevention patients.

Methods
Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) cited in North American and European dyslipidemia guidelines justifying primary prevention statins for cardiovascular risk reduction were critically reappraised according to eligibility criteria and characteristics of actual enrollees. Statin-eligibility based on meeting minimal enrolment criteria versus risks calculated using either the Framingham Risk Score, the Pooled Cohort Equation and the Systematic Coronary Risk Estimate 2 were contrasted.

Results
Patient scenarios meeting minimal RCT eligibility criteria seldom attained high enough 10 year risk of events according to the algorithms tested and thus would not be eligible for statin therapy. Overall, enrollees were 63.9 ± 8.9 years (mean ± SD) with low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) 3.53 ± 0.91 mmol/L. Enrollees in trials studying the lowest LDL-C levels were generally older and had additional risk factors.

Conclusions
Results of primary prevention RCTs justify treatment of more subjects and lower risk subjects than current risk algorithm-based guidelines. Based on a synthesis of RCT inclusion/exclusion criteria and the characteristics of enrollees, we propose that a statin-indicated primary prevention subject is one who is 40 to 70 years with a low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥ 3.0 mmol/L or is 55 to 80 years with LDL-C ≥ 1.8 mmol/L and additional risk factors.
The homie insulator has sub-elements with different insulating and long-range pairing properties
Authors: Fujioka Miki , Ke Wenfan , Schedl Paul , Jaynes James B 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chromatin insulators are major determinants of chromosome architecture. Specific architectures induced by insulators profoundly influence nuclear processes, including how enhancers and promoters interact over long distances and between homologous chromosomes. Insulators can pair with copies of themselves in trans to facilitate homolog pairing. They can also pair with other insulators, sometimes with great specificity, inducing long-range chromosomal loops. Contrary to their canonical function of enhancer blocking, these loops can bring distant enhancers and promoters together to activate gene expression, while at the same time blocking other interactions in cis. The details of these effects depend on the choice of pairing partner, and on the orientation specificity of pairing, implicating the 3-dimensional architecture as a major functional determinant. Here we dissect the homie insulator from the Drosophila even skipped (eve) locus, to understand its substructure. We test pairing function based on homie-carrying transgenes interacting with endogenous eve. The assay is sensitive to both pairing strength and orientation. Using this assay, we found that a Su(Hw) binding site in homie is required for efficient long-range interaction, although some activity remains without it. This binding site also contributes to the canonical insulator activities of enhancer blocking and barrier function. Based on this and other results from our functional dissection, each of the canonical insulator activities, chromosomal loop formation, enhancer blocking, and barrier activity, are partially separable. Our results show the complexity inherent in insulator functions, which can be provided by an array of different proteins with both shared and distinct properties.
Diaspora at war: mobilization of the Ukrainian diaspora in the first 2 years of the Russian full-scale invasion
Authors: Fihel Agnieszka , Homel Kseniya , Jaroszewicz Marta , Lesińska Magdalena , Bentz Anne-Sophie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Drawing on theoretical frameworks from social movement studies, this article investigates the mobilization of the Ukrainian diaspora in the first 2 years of the full-scale aggression of Russia against Ukraine. Based on desk research and in-depth interviews with activists from Ukrainian organizations in France and Poland, the analysis demonstrates that, despite different political opportunities, the Ukrainian communities reinforced their political position in relation to the institutions of residence countries and gained new spheres of influence in the respective national arenas. Pre-existing mobilizing structures and practices, mostly based on the Euromaidan legacy, facilitated the achievement of far-reaching objectives, the coordination of actions, and the integration of grass-root forms of activism within the community. This was framed by a sense of uniqueness, responsibility to the homeland, and strengthening of national sentiments, a series of factors that sometimes amplified the pressure on newly arrived war migrants. In both countries of residence, the full-scale war led to high levels of diaspora mobilization and consolidation.
Chronic pericarditis secondary to pericardial lymphangioma. An unusual presentation of an unusual tumor: case report
Authors: Oviedo Adrián M , Dávalos Gerardo A , Molina Gabriel A , Parrales Diana E , Heredia Mauricio R , Muñoz-Palomeque Santiago 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pericardial lymphangiomas are exceptionally rare and affect both children and adults. Although they are usually asymptomatic, they can cause symptoms secondary to the mass effect, from syncope or palpitations to arrhythmia or congestive heart failure. The most reliable diagnostic methods are echocardiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, with subsequent confirmation by histopathology. Its treatment consists of complete surgical resection. We present the case of a 2-year-old female patient with a definitive diagnosis of pericardial lymphangioma who debuted with cardiac tamponade and hemodynamic repercussions. She underwent a pleuropericardial window by lateral thoracotomy with resection of nodular masses at the posterior level of the pericardium without complications. The patient's evolution and prognosis were favorable.
Closed-loop bowel obstruction caused by a right inguinal hernia containing the transverse colon: an unusual case report
Authors: Alnumay Abdulaziz , Batais Salman , Albalawi Alwateen , Alzaharani Najd , Aldeligan Saleh Husam 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Inguinal hernias are common, with a lifetime risk of 25% in men. Approximately 10% become incarcerated, risking complications like strangulation and bowel obstruction. Herniation of the transverse colon (TC) is rare, especially when causing a closed-loop obstruction. A 67-year-old male with poorly controlled type II diabetes and hypertension presented with a symptomatic right inguinoscrotal hernia, showing nausea, vomiting, and partial bowel obstruction. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a herniated TC causing a closed-loop obstruction. Emergency open hernia repair with a modified Shouldice technique and mesh was performed. Viable TC and omentum were reduced. The patient recovered without complications and was discharged on the fourth postoperative day. This case involved a rare TC herniation causing a closed-loop obstruction, confirmed by CT imaging. The open approach was selected due to the risk of ischemia and anticipated adhesions. A modified Shouldice repair with mesh reinforced the inguinal canal, reducing recurrence risk. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful. This case highlights the rarity of TC herniation causing closed-loop obstruction. CT scans were crucial for diagnosis, enabling prompt surgical intervention, which is key to preventing serious complications.
Unusual presentation of polyethylene tibial fracture in a polio patient: a case report
Authors: Alsheikh Khalid A , Almahayni Abdullah O , Alqaseer Sumaia M , Alotaibi Wafa S , Aljaafri Ziad A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The concept of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)-substituting total knee prostheses has been widely used for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This design provides better femoral rollback with knee flexion, as it permits more stability under flexion by preventing tibial posterior subluxation. Here, we report a case of an unusual presentation of polyethylene tibial post fracture in a polio patient. Our patient had a history of staged bilateral TKA five years prior to the new presentation. Once the diagnosis was confirmed, the patient was admitted electively for TKA revision and polyethylene exchange. The procedure went well and without complications, and the patient was satisfied upon follow-ups in the clinic.
Unicentric retroperitoneal Castleman’s disease in young Nepalese women
Authors: Khadga Ajit , Adhikari Mahesh Bahadur , Maharjan Bipin , Gautam Ravi Kiran , Mishra Prashant , Basnet Birodh , Yadav Deepak Kumar , Acharya Shoshan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder of uncertain etiology, most commonly affecting the chest and neck, with retroperitoneal involvement being exceptionally rare. It can present as either unicentric or multicentric disease, with the unicentric form typically affecting younger individuals. Due to its rarity and overlapping features with conditions like non-Hodgkin lymphoma and paraganglioma. CD is often misdiagnosed, making immunohistochemical analysis crucial for accurate diagnosis. We report a rare case of retroperitoneal CD in a 23-year-old female referred to our hospital after a CT scan revealed a retroperitoneal tumor anterior to the lower pole of her left kidney at the L3-L4 vertebral level. An initial core biopsy suggested paraganglioma; however, following laparoscopic tumorectomy, histopathological analysis confirmed Castleman disease of the hyaline vascular and plasma cell type.
Case report of a seminal vesicle schwannoma involving prostate and bladder: diagnostic pathway and management
Authors: Suraci Paolo Pietro , Al Salhi Yazan , Candita Giuseppe , Fuschi Andrea , Scalzo Silvio , Rera Onofrio Antonio , Valenzi Fabio Maria , Antonioni Alice , Sequi Manfredi Bruno , Graziani Damiano , Martino Giorgio , Di Gregorio Giovanni , Gianfrancesco Filippo , Erra Luca , Lako Kostika , Zucchi Alessandro , Bozzini Giorgio , Capodiferro Paola , Petrozza Vincenzo , Carbone Antonio , Pastore Antonio Luigi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Seminal vesicle neoplasms are extremely rare. Schwannoma is a benign tumor of the peripheral nerve sheath composed of Schwann cells. Most of these tumors are silent and become symptomatic with compression of adjacent organs and nerves. We present a case of a 65-year-old man with a history of predominant storage lower urinary tract symptoms. Prostate-specific antigen was within normal ranges, and imaging documented a nodular lesion in the prostate, one in the left seminal vesicle and another one adjacent to the right bladder wall. We successfully performed a prostate biopsy and a trans-urethral resection of the bladder to excise and typify the lesion. Histopathology investigation revealed the final diagnosis of schwannoma.
Recycling of purine nucleotides in legumes: functional specialization of enzyme isoforms in adenine salvage, cytokinin homeostasis, and nodulation control
Authors: Becana Manuel 
Published: February 2025

This article comments on:
López CM, Alseekh S, Martínez Rivas FJ, Fernie AR, Prieto P, Alamillo JM. 2025. CRISPR/Cas9 editing of two adenine phosphoribosyl transferase coding genes reveals the functional specialization of adenine salvage proteins in common bean. Journal of Experimental Botany 76, 346–362 https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erae424.
RNA exosome-driven RNA processing instructs the duration of the unfolded protein response
Authors: Matabishi-Bibi Laura , Goncalves Coralie , Babour Anna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Upon stresses, cellular compartments initiate adaptive programs meant to restore homeostasis. Dedicated to the resolution of transient perturbations, these pathways are typically maintained at a basal level, activated upon stress, and critically downregulated upon reestablishment of cellular homeostasis. As such, prolonged activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a conserved adaptive transcriptional response to defective endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis, leads to cell death. Here, we elucidate an unanticipated role for the nuclear RNA exosome, an evolutionarily conserved ribonuclease complex that processes multiple classes of RNAs, in the control of UPR duration. Remarkably, the inactivation of Rrp6, an exclusively nuclear catalytic subunit of the RNA exosome, curtails UPR signaling, which is sufficient to promote the cell’s resistance to ER stress. Mechanistically, accumulation of unprocessed RNA species diverts the processing machinery that maturates the messenger RNA encoding the master UPR regulator Hac1, thus restricting the UPR. Significantly, Rrp6 expression is naturally dampened upon ER stress, thereby participating in homeostatic UPR deactivation.
Multiplexed epigenetic memory editing using CRISPRoff sensitizes glioblastoma to chemotherapy
Authors: Lin Katie , Zou Christopher , Hubbard Akane , Sengelmann Sasha , Goudy Laine , Wang I-Ching , Sharma Rohit , Pak Joanna , Foster Kyla , Ozawa Tomoko , de Groot John F , Phillips Joanna , Vasudevan Harish N , Raleigh David R , Marson Alexander , Murthy Niren , Gilbert Luke A , Berger Mitchel S , Liu S John 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) carries a poor prognosis, and new therapeutic strategies are necessary to improve outcomes for patients with this disease. Alkylating chemotherapies including temozolomide (TMZ) and lomustine (CCNU) are critical for treating GBM, but resistance mechanisms, including hypomethylation of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter, undermine treatment. CRISPRoff is a programmable epigenetic memory editor that can induce stable and heritable gene silencing after transient delivery, and we hypothesize that CRISPRoff could potentiate the activity of TMZ and CCNU through long term suppression of target genes.

Methods
We transiently delivered CRISPRoff mRNA along with sgRNAs against target genes using both electroporation and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) into established GBM cell lines, patient-derived primary GBM cultures, and orthotopic GBM xenografts. Gene repression, specificity, and stability was measured by RT-qPCR, Western blot, bisulfite sequencing, and RNA-sequencing. Sensitivity to chemotherapies was measured by cell viability dose response, microscopy, and bioluminescence imaging. Genome-wide mapping of CCNU sensitizers was performed using CRISPRi screens.

Results
CRISPRoff induced complete suppression of MGMT and sensitization to TMZ that were stable for over 8 months of continuous cell propagation. GBM orthotopic tumors treated with CRISPRoff against MGMT demonstrated sensitivity to TMZ in vivo, and CRISPRoff delivery resulted in chemosensitivity in patient-derived primary GBM. Genome-wide CRISPRi screens identified combinatorial genetic vulnerabilities (BRIP1, FANCE) that were targetable by multiplexed CRISPRoff to achieve sensitization to CCNU.

Conclusion
Transient delivery of a site-specific epigenetic memory can induce stable, complete, and multiplexed suppression of target genes for therapeutic application in GBM.
Radiographic reporting in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Is there a discrepancy comparing radiologists’ reports and surgeons’ assessments?
Authors: Sidhu Kara , Filezio Marina Rosa , Singh Vishwajeet , Birk Manjot , Parsons David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Cobb angle is a standard method for quantification of scoliosis in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis to guide treatment decisions. Precise and timely curve detection can ensure early referrals, amenable for bracing. Radiology reports serve as a guiding tool for family physicians to expedite specialist referrals. Therefore, accurate and reliable measurement of Cobb angle at the community level is crucial. This retrospective study investigated the agreement in Cobb angle measurement between radiologists and spine surgeons.

Methods
Eighty radiographic reports (Cobb angle, Risser stage, and end vertebrae selection) completed by radiologists and spine surgeons were compared. To assess interrater reliability, interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed. ICC &lt; 0.70, 0.70 to 0.79, 0.80 to 89, and 0.9 to 0.99 were considered poor, fair, good, and excellent reliability, respectively. All radiographs were assessed for quality.

Results
The agreement between spine surgeons and radiologists was poor (ICC = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.97). The agreement between spine surgeons and community radiologists was poor (ICC = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.66). Risser stage was not reported in 56 of the 80 reports. ICC between spine surgeons and radiologists for the Risser stage was poor (ICC = 0.625, 95% CI: 0.325 to 0.794). For end vertebrae identification, there was absolute agreement of end vertebrae identification in 23 of the 80 scans.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated a significant disagreement in scoliosis measurement between radiologists and spine surgeons, which significantly impacts appropriateness of referrals. Methods to improve triaging using allied health professional (i.e., nurse practitioners) may help ensure that patients presenting with scoliosis are referred in a timely manner.
Surfing vortex rings for energy-efficient propulsion
Authors: Gunnarson Peter , Dabiri John O 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Leveraging background fluid flows for propulsion has the potential to enhance the range and speed of autonomous aerial and underwater vehicles. In this work, we demonstrate experimentally a fully autonomous strategy for exploiting vortex rings for energy-efficient propulsion. First, an underwater robot used an onboard inertial measurement unit (IMU) to sense the motion induced by the passage of a vortex ring generated by a thruster in a 13,000-L water tank. In response to the sensed acceleration, an impulsive maneuver entrained the robot into the material boundary of the vortex ring. After entrainment, the robot was propelled across the tank without expending additional energy or control effort. By advecting with the vortex ring, the robot achieved a nearly fivefold reduction in the energy required to traverse the tank compared to swimming in quiescent flow. Using the controlled finite-time Lyapunov exponent field and corresponding Lagrangian coherent structures, we analyze and explain the initial entrainment process and the sensitivity to the starting time and position of the surfing maneuver. Additionally, linear acceleration as sensed by the onboard IMU was found to correspond with the pressure gradient of the background flow, and rotational acceleration is suggested as a method for measuring the vorticity of the vortex ring. This study serves as a proof-of-concept demonstration of the potential for onboard inertial measurements to enable efficient interaction with background fluid flows.
Breathing unequal air: environmental disadvantage and residential sorting of immigrant minorities in England and Germany
Authors: Rüttenauer Tobias , Bader Felix , Ehler Ingmar , Best Henning 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Despite ongoing debates on environmental justice, the link between selective residential migration and the unequal exposure to environmental hazards remains underexplored. Previous research has often relied on spatially aggregated data and focused on single-country analyses, limiting our understanding of broader patterns. We address this gap using longitudinal household-level data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study and the German Socio-Economic Panel linked to air pollution estimates (NO2, PM2.5, and SO2). We find that immigrant minorities are exposed to higher levels of air pollution at their place of residence. The overall disadvantage faced by immigrant minorities in England is three times as large as in Germany. Given that immigrant households start under initially higher levels of air pollution, one would expect convergence with non-immigrant populations over time due to residential moves. However, immigrants face a substantial penalty when moving. If native households started in similar neighborhoods as immigrants—the relevant counterfactual—they would experience higher gains from relocation. Socio-economic factors cannot explain these differences. The pattern holds in both England and Germany, although inequalities in residential mobility are more pronounced in England. In particular, racial and ethnic minorities, such as Bangladeshi, Caribbean, and African migrants in England and Turkish migrants in Germany, experience the largest environmental disadvantages.
Institutional anomie, religious ecologies, and violence in American communities
Authors: Stroope Samuel , Bacon Rachel J , Barton Michael S , Brault Elizabeth E , Kroeger Rhiannon A , Baker Joseph O 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Institutional anomie theory (IAT) posits that religion is a social institution that influences crime, yet religion has been relatively neglected in empirical research on IAT. We elaborate the role of religion within IAT, methodologically differentiate religious traditions, and empirically test hypotheses regarding local religious ecologies and community homicide over time in the United States. In analyses of county-level panel data, we find that increases in the evangelical Protestant adherent rate are directly associated with increases in homicide rates, while increases in the Catholic adherent rate are directly associated with decreases in homicide rates. Using spatial analysis to examine spillover effects from adjacent locations, increases in the Catholic adherent rate and the evangelical Protestant adherent rate are indirectly associated with increases in homicide, while increases in the mainline Protestant adherent rate are indirectly associated with decreases in homicide. The total effect (both direct and indirect) for changes in the evangelical Protestant adherent rate is the largest in the model. In sum, elaborating and extending IAT, this study theorizes and then demonstrates the importance of differentiating between specific religious traditions for understanding spatial and temporal patterns in crime.