bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity‐conditioned soil strengthens plant diversity–productivity relationship
Authors: Ren Haiyan , Xie Jiayao , Li Kang , Shi Sibo , Li Xianping , Guo Hui , Liu Manqiang , Yu Qiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

How biodiversity affects terrestrial productivity is important to the maintenance of ecosystem services under global change. Although the crucial role of plant–soil feedbacks (PSF) in determining diversity–productivity relationship has been increasingly recognized in recent years, its legacy effects on subsequent diversity–productivity relationship are still unclear.

We conducted a classic PSF experiment to assess how plant diversity‐conditioned soils influenced subsequent plant diversity–productivity relationships, where three plant diversity levels (1, 4 and 8 species) were planted in soils conditioned at three diversity levels (conditioned by 1, 4 and 8 species for 3 years). In addition, to test the role of soil microbial diversity in mediating the effects of soil conditioning diversity, the three plant diversity levels were planted with low, moderate and high soil biodiversity created by a soil inoculum dilution.

The results showed that plant productivities were promoted by mixed‐conditioned soils (4 and 8 species) comparing to mono‐conditioned soils (1 species). Productivity was positively related to planted diversity in mixed‐conditioned soils, while showed no relation with planted diversity in mono‐conditioned soils. Productivity was promoted by soil biodiversity when 4 and 8 species were mixed planted, while did not change when 1 species was planted.

Synthesis and applications . Our results highlight that PSF is crucial to strengthen the positive effects of biodiversity on productivity, implying that diversifying cropping systems should be encouraged in agroecosystem management to benefit from positive PSF effects. The importance of soil legacy for optimizing plant productivity is particularly important for conditioning soils with an intermediate number of plant species.
Large‐scale restoration of species‐rich dry grasslands on arable land: Environmental filtering drives successful species establishment over a period of 10 years
Authors: Mudrák Ondřej , Jongepierová Ivana , Řehounková Klára , Prach Karel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Sowing of regionally specific seed mixtures on former arable land is increasingly used to restore species‐rich grasslands but it often faces important obstacles in environmental conditions and colonisation from preserved surrounding grasslands. Long‐term landscape scale studies, which explore the processes governing plant establishment from seed mixtures and later colonisation from the surrounding landscape are scarce.

We studied the species and functional trait composition of 32 grasslands restored 1–11 years before the first sampling by sowing regional seed mixtures in the White Carpathian Mts (SE Czech Republic). We compared them with 23 well‐preserved permanent grasslands in their surroundings. In each grassland, we estimated plant species cover in three plots of 25 m2, in restored grasslands in 2009, 2014 and 2019, in permanent grasslands in 2009.

The species composition of the restored grasslands converged towards the permanent grasslands due to expansion of dry grassland species and retreat of mesic grassland and weed species. The majority (60%–71%) of the vegetation cover of restored grasslands was formed by sown species, while the species number was mainly determined by colonising unsown species (61%–63%). The species number of restored grasslands remained lower than that in permanent grasslands.

Functional trait composition (community weighted mean) of the sown seed mixtures, permanent grasslands and restored grasslands overlapped in all three samplings. With increasing grassland age, species with resource‐retaining traits of low specific leaf area and high leaf dry matter content, lower stature, higher seed mass and lower capacity for clonal reproduction expanded. Functional trait diversity of the plots was mostly lower than expected by null model randomisations of community, which indicates strong environmental filtering. Comparison of newly colonising species and extinct species indicated that mainly species with traits similar to the rest of the community are able to colonise the grasslands successfully.

Synthesis and applications: Sowing of regionally specific seed mixtures was successful and demonstrated to be a fast way of grassland restoration, particularly in terms of functional trait composition. The resulting species diversity depended on the colonisation processes, which are controlled by the functional composition of the local communities.
Decorporatization and organized interests in public policymaking in Norway: A tide that lifts all ships or an ebb tide leaving only the few afloat?
Authors: Arnesen Daniel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOver the past decades, there has been evidence of a shift from corporatist representation to pluralist policymaking in Norway and the neighboring Scandinavian countries. This article examines the policy involvement of voluntary associations and interest groups within the context of decorporatization and pluralization. Should decorporatization be understood as a tide that lifts all groups into public policymaking, or an ebb tide leaving only the few privileged afloat? By analyzing survey data on Norwegian voluntary associations and interest groups regarding their contacts with the parliament, government, and administration in 1983 and 2013, the article presents evidence of a growing mobilization and representation of citizen groups that have traditionally held a less prominent position in the policymaking process. However, economic groups have also increased or maintained their access to the parliamentary and governmental arenas, and insider access appears to persist as a factor in shaping group representation. Furthermore, the results indicate a widening gap in more frequent access between resource‐rich and resource‐poor groups. This leads to a somewhat contradictory conclusion: In one sense, decorporatization has been a tide lifting all ships, but in another, also an ebb tide leaving the few afloat.
Stability and change in political trust: Evidence and implications from six panel studies
Authors: DEVINE DANIEL , VALGARÐSSON VIKTOR ORRI 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAre political attitudes a stable feature of individuals or a rational response to changing circumstances and contexts? This question has long been a feature of political science and underpins our theories of how political attitudes are formed and what their consequences might be. In this paper, we explore this perennial question with a focus on the case of political trust, a fundamental indicator of democratic legitimacy and a long‐standing topic of debate. Theoretically, we devise a framework that highlights how different theories of political trust assume different levels of stability or volatility and the implications that this has for those theories and their normative consequences. Empirically, we study within‐individual stability of political trust using six panel studies that cover five countries between 1965 and 2020. Our results consistently point to trust being stable in the long term, with potential for short‐term volatility in response to changing political contexts, and for substantial changes between people's formative years and their adulthood. Even over a period of 19 years, most people's responses to trust questions are remarkably similar between surveys and significant life events such as unemployment and going to University do not significantly influence trust. Changes in the political environment, like incumbent government turnover, have larger effects but these appear to return to equilibrium in a few years. The exception to this general finding is individuals who are first surveyed when they are under the age of 18, who appear much more likely to change their trust levels in subsequent waves. Overall, our results complement previous research on attitude stability, indicating that trust is approximately as stable as other attitudes, such as towards immigration and redistribution. These findings have fundamental implications for our understanding of the nature of political trust and attitude formation more broadly.
Inferring landscape resistance to gene flow when genetic drift is spatially heterogeneous
Authors: Savary Paul , Foltête Jean‐Christophe , Moal Hervé , Vuidel Gilles , Garnier Stéphane 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn connectivity models, land cover types are assigned cost values characterizing their resistance to species movements. Landscape genetic methods infer these values from the relationship between genetic differentiation and cost distances. The spatial heterogeneity of population sizes, and consequently genetic drift, is rarely included in this inference although it influences genetic differentiation. Similarly, migration rates and population spatial distributions potentially influence this inference. Here, we assessed the reliability of cost value inference under several migration rates, population spatial patterns and degrees of population size heterogeneity. Additionally, we assessed whether considering intra‐population variables, here using gravity models, improved the inference when drift is spatially heterogeneous. We simulated several gene flow intensities between populations with varying local sizes and spatial distributions. We then fit gravity models of genetic distances as a function of (i) the ‘true’ cost distances driving simulations or alternative cost distances, and (ii) intra‐population variables (population sizes, patch areas). We determined the conditions making the identification of the ‘true’ costs possible and assessed the contribution of intra‐population variables to this objective. Overall, the inference ranked cost scenarios reliably in terms of similarity with the ‘true’ scenario (cost distance Mantel correlations), but this ‘true’ scenario rarely provided the best model goodness of fit. Ranking inaccuracies and failures to identify the ‘true’ scenario were more pronounced when migration was very restricted (<4 dispersal events/generation), population sizes were most heterogeneous and some populations were spatially aggregated. In these situations, considering intra‐population variables helps identify cost scenarios reliably, thereby improving cost value inference from genetic data.
Hand eczema in glove‐wearing patients
Authors: Clément Aude , Ferrier le Bouëdec Marie‐Christine , Crépy Marie‐Noëlle , Raison‐Peyron Nadia , Tétart Florence , Marcant Pierre , Pralong Pauline , Valois Aude , Pasteur Justine , Assier Haudrey , Bernier Claire , Le Cam Marie‐Thérèse , Hacard Florence , Nosbaum Audrey , Giordano Labadie Françoise , Morice Cécile , Leleu Camille , Milpied Brigitte , Darrigade Anne‐Sophie , Delaunay Juliette , Barbaud Annick , Castelain Florence , Collet Evelyne , Amsler Emmanuelle ,   from the Dermatology and Allergology group of the French Society of Dermatology (DAG)
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAllergic contact dermatitis to gloves is mostly induced by rubber accelerators. The European baseline series (EBS) appears insufficient to detect glove allergy. Since 2017, it is recommended to use the European rubber series (ERS) and to test the patients' own gloves.ObjectivesTo investigate the clinical profile of glove‐wearing patients with hand eczema (HE) and to evaluate their sensitisation profile to glove allergens and the value of testing the patients' own gloves.MethodsWe conducted a French multicentre study of patients evaluated for HE between 2018 and 2020 and tested with the EBS, the ERS and their own gloves in patch tests and semi‐open (SO) tests.ResultsA total of 279 patients were included; 32.6% of patients had positive tests to their own gloves or to glove allergens. Almost 45% of the sensitisations to glove allergens were detected only by the ERS. Among the patients tested both in patch tests and SO tests with their own gloves with positive results, 28% had positive SO tests only. Polyvinylchloride (PVC) gloves were positive in four patients.ConclusionOur series confirms the need to test the ERS. All the patients' gloves must also be tested including PVC gloves. SO tests with gloves are useful as a complement to patch tests.
A prediction model on incident chronic kidney disease among individuals with type 2 diabetes in the United States
Authors: Lin Yilu , Shao Hui , Fonseca Vivian , Anderson Amanda H. , Batuman Vecihi , Shi Lizheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimEarly identification of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in individuals with diabetes may help improve patients' clinical outcomes. This study aimed to develop a prediction equation for incident CKD among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and MethodsA time‐varying Cox model was applied to data from the ACCORD trial to predict the risk of incident CKD. A list of candidate variables was chosen based on literature reviews and experts' consultations, including demographic characteristics, vitals, laboratory results, medical history, drug use and health care utilization. Model performance was evaluated. Decomposition analysis was conducted, and external validation was performed.ResultsIn total, 6006 patients with diabetes free of CKD were included, with a median follow‐up of 3 years and 2257 events. The risk model included age at T2D diagnosed, smoking status, body mass index, high‐density lipoprotein, very‐low‐density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, estimated glomerular filtration rate, urine albumin‐creatinine ratio, hypoglycaemia, retinopathy, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease history, antihyperlipidaemic drug use, antihypertensive drug use and hospitalization. The urine albumin‐creatinine ratio, estimated glomerular filtration rate and congestive heart failure were the top three factors that contributed most to the incident CKD prediction. The model showed acceptable discrimination [C‐statistic: 0.772 (95% CI 0.767‐0.805)] and calibration [Brier Score: 0.0504 (95% CI 0.0477‐0.0531)] in the Harmony Outcomes Trial.ConclusionIncident CKD prediction among individuals with T2D was developed and validated for use in decision support of CKD prevention.
Strategic assets or second‐class citizens? Teaching‐focused faculty in business schools
Authors: Queenan Carrie , Nargundkar Satish V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBusiness schools have significantly increased the percentage of teaching‐focused faculty (defined here as full‐time faculty with doctorates not on the tenure track) over the last decades. However, many schools have not adequately updated their policies to support these faculty, leading some teaching‐focused faculty to feel like second‐class citizens. In this article, we provide a literature review of teaching‐focused faculty hiring trends, challenges faced by teaching‐focused faculty and the institutions that hire them, and proposed improvements to these challenges. Next, we draw from these best practices provided in the literature, as well as from first‐person interviews, to share how business schools address these challenges. Specifically, we use interviews from decision makers (current and former deans) to examine how schools approach hiring and supporting teaching‐focused faculty. Our study shows improved institutional support and acceptance of teaching‐focused faculty over the past two decades, but with room for continued improvement. We conclude by arguing that TF faculty should be treated as strategic assets within schools in order to support collegiality, acceptance, and professional respect, while also enhancing students’ learning opportunities. In doing so, we hope to start a discussion of best practices that can better equip schools to provide institutional support to teaching‐focused faculty.
Cognitive impairment is associated with gait variability and fall risk in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Dubbioso Raffaele , Spisto Myriam , Hausdorff Jeffrey M. , Aceto Gabriella , Iuzzolino Valentina Virginia , Senerchia Gianmaria , De Marco Stefania , Marcuccio Laura , Femiano Cinzia , Iodice Rosa , Salvatore Elena , Santangelo Gabriella , Trojano Luigi , Moretta Pasquale 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), gait abnormalities contribute to poor mobility and represent a relevant risk for falls. To date, gait studies in ALS patients have focused on the motor dimension of the disease, underestimating the cognitive aspects.MethodsUsing a wearable gait analysis device, we compared gait patterns in ambulatory ALS patients with mild cognitive impairment (ALS MCI+; n = 18), and without MCI (ALS MCI−; n = 24), and healthy subjects (HS; n = 16) under two conditions: (1) normal gait (single task) and (2) walking while counting backward (dual task). Finally, we examined if the occurrence and number of falls in the 3 months following the baseline test were related to cognition.ResultsIn the single task condition, ALS patients, regardless of cognition, displayed higher gait variability than HS, especially for stance and swing time (p < 0.001). The dual task condition revealed additional differences in gait variability parameters between ALS MCI+ and ALS MCI− for cadence (p = 0.005), stance time (p = 0.04), swing time (p = 0.04) and stability index (p = 0.02). Moreover, ALS MCI+ showed a higher occurrence (p = 0.001) and number of falls (p < 0.001) at the follow‐up. Regression analyses demonstrated that MCI condition predicted the occurrence of future falls (β = 3.649; p = 0.01) and, together with executive dysfunction, was associated with the number of falls (cognitive impairment: β = 0.63; p < 0.001; executive dysfunction: β = 0.39; p = 0.03), regardless of motor impairment at clinical examination.ConclusionIn ALS, MCI is associated with exaggerated gait variability and predicts the occurrence and number of short‐term falls.
Clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of women with X‐linked Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
Authors: Barbat du Closel Luce , Bonello‐Palot Nathalie , Péréon Yann , Echaniz‐Laguna Andoni , Camdessanche Jean Philippe , Nadaj‐Pakleza Aleksandra , Chanson Jean‐Baptiste , Frachet Simon , Magy Laurent , Cassereau Julien , Cintas Pascal , Choumert Ariane , Devic Perrine , Leonard Louis Sarah , Gravier Dumonceau Robinson , Delmont Emilien , Salort‐Campana Emmanuelle , Bouhour Françoise , Latour Philippe , Stojkovic Tanya , Attarian Shahram 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundX‐Linked Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1 (CMTX1) is characterized by gender differences in clinical severity. Women are usually clinically affected later and less severely than men. However, their clinical presentation appears to be heterogenous. Our aim was to extend the phenotypic description in a large series of women with CMTX1.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 263 patients with CMTX1 from 11 French reference centers. Demographic, clinical, and nerve conduction data were collected. The severity was assessed by CMT Examination Score (CMTES) and Overall Neuropathy Limitations Scale (ONLS) scores. We looked for asymmetrical strength, heterogeneous motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), and motor conduction blocks (CB).ResultsThe study included 137 women and 126 men from 151 families. Women had significantly more asymmetric motor deficits and MNCV than men. Women with an age of onset after 19 years were milder. Two groups of women were identified after 48 years of age. The first group represented 55%, with women progressing as severely as men, however, with a later onset age. The second group had mild or no symptoms. Some 39% of women had motor CB. Four women received intravenous immunoglobulin before being diagnosed with CMTX1.ConclusionsWe identified two subgroups of women with CMTX1 who were over 48 years of age. Additionally, we have demonstrated that women with CMTX can exhibit an atypical clinical presentation, which may result in misdiagnosis. Therefore, in women presenting with chronic neuropathy, the presence of clinical asymmetry, heterogeneous MNCV, and/or motor CB should raise suspicion for X‐linked CMT, particularly CMTX1, and be included in the differential diagnosis.
Shared parental responsiveness among fathers and mothers with low income and early child outcomes
Authors: Lee Joyce Y. , Lee Shawna J. , Ward Kaitlin P. , Pace Garrett T. , Chang Olivia D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveInformed by the family systems theory, the current study aimed to examine whether shared parental responsiveness between fathers and mothers with low income was associated with preschoolers' developmental outcomes.BackgroundBoth fathers' and mothers' parental responsiveness are key contributors to their young children's development. However, the ways in which fathers and mothers work as a system, as well as the role of shared parental responsiveness in child development, are not well understood, especially among families from low‐income contexts.MethodParticipants were from the Building Strong Families project, a racially diverse group of families from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds (N = 1,173). Fathers' and mothers' parental responsiveness were observed during father–child and mother–child interactions using the two‐bags task. Preschoolers' child behavior problems, prosocial behaviors, and receptive language served as developmental outcomes of interest. A common fate approach to dyadic analysis was employed to create shared responsiveness and individual residual variance latent variables, which the child outcomes were regressed onto. Moderation analysis by fathers' resident status was conducted.ResultsShared responsiveness positively predicted preschoolers' prosocial behaviors (Β = 0.33, p < .001) and receptive language (Β = 14.85, p < .001), above and beyond individual residual variance. Fathers' resident status did not moderate any of the examined relationships.ConclusionThere may be benefits to young children's development when mothers and fathers demonstrate shared responsiveness.Implications.Interventions serving families with low income could help strengthen mother–father shared responsiveness to promote child development.
Longitudinal observations of TFPI levels in paediatric Haemophilia A patients
Authors: Schwers Stephan , Shah Anita , Linardi Camila , Zhang Yang , Willmann Stefan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionInhibition of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a potential new mode of action to achieve haemostasis in haemophilia A and B patients.AimKnowledge about potential developmental changes of TFPI levels during childhood are a prerequisite to translate adult doses of TFPI inhibitors to doses in paediatric patients.MethodsIn this study we present longitudinal data for total TFPI concentrations (TFPI‐T) and TFPI activity (TFPI‐A) from 48 paediatric Haemophilia A patients in the age range from 3 to 18 years (2–12 observations per patient).ResultsTFPI‐T and TFPI‐A tend to decrease over age during childhood. Lowest values were observed between 12 and <18 years. On average, TFPI‐T and TFPI‐A were lower in adolescent haemophilia patients than in adult haemophilia patients.ConclusionIn summary, the presented information on TFPI levels in children adds to the current knowledge of developmental haemostasis and it can be helpful in evaluating how children respond to haemophilia treatment including the new class of anti‐TFPI compounds.