bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climatological features of future mesoscale convective systems in convection‐permitting climate models using CMIP6 and ERA5 in the central United States
Authors: Hwang Yunsung , Zhao Xiaohui , You Cheol‐Hwan , Li Yanping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMotivated by the limited understanding of future changes in mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), we investigated characteristics of warm‐season (June–August) MCSs in the central United States based on high‐resolution convection‐permitting Weather Research and Forecasting simulations. We examined two 15‐year simulations, which include current simulations (2004–2018) forced by European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis version 5 (ERA5) and future simulations (2086–2100) forced by perturbed ERA5 (i.e., ERA5 plus climate change signal derived from 28 Coupled Intercomparison Projected Phase 6 models under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway–Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 emission scenario). The initiations and longevities of MCSs were determined using the object‐tracking algorithm MODE‐Time Domain (MTD) from observation, current simulations (ERA), and future simulations (pseudo‐global warming, PGW). Objects identified by MODE‐Time Domain were divided into short‐/long‐lived (based on 75th percentiles of longevity) and daytime (initiated during 0000–1100 UTC)/nighttime (initiated during 1200–2300 UTC). We found that ERA and observation have comparable occurrences of MCSs. MCSs in PGW are associated with intensified rain rates in New Mexico, Colorado, and Kansas and lower rain rates in Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas than in ERA. Moreover, the statistical analysis based on 15 parameters before MCSs initiation indicates that short‐lived MCSs in PGW are characterized by prominent changes in precipitable water (PW) and the most unstable convective available potential energy. We also found that long‐lived MCSs in PGW are associated with prominent changes in PW, unstable convective available potential energy, and isentropic potential vorticity at 345 K. According to the statistical results, PW is the most important variable in determining the longevity of MCSs and in understanding future changes.
Observer‐based adaptive event‐triggered consensus for linear multiagent systems with bounded leader's input under directed graphs
Authors: Zhang Juan , Zhang Huaguang , Ming Zhongyang , Sun Jiayue 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe consensus problem of linear multiagent systems (MASs) with a leader of bounded input under directed graphs is an important research topic. However, for the directed graphs, the existing methods dealing with consensus problem rely on the global information or continuous communication among neighbors. This paper focuses on the consensus problem of linear MASs with a leader of bounded input by adaptive event‐triggered output feedback control, where the digraph contains a spanning tree with the leader as the root. A fully distributed event‐triggered consensus protocol is presented by several observers, which are used to estimate the upper bound of the leader's input and the state of each agent, respectively. Compared with the existing results on the consensus control of MASs under directed graphs, the proposed method is independent of any global information, and is suitable for situations where the states of all agents is unavailable and only a part of followers know the upper bound of the leader's input.
Bacchus Long‐Term (BLT) data set: Acquisition of the agricultural multimodal BLT data set with automated robot deployment
Authors: Polvara Riccardo , Molina Sergi , Hroob Ibrahim , Papadimitriou Alexios , Tsiolis Konstantinos , Giakoumis Dimitrios , Likothanassis Spiridon , Tzovaras Dimitrios , Cielniak Grzegorz , Hanheide Marc 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAchieving a robust long‐term deployment with mobile robots in the agriculture domain is both a demanded and challenging task. The possibility to have autonomous platforms in the field performing repetitive tasks, such as monitoring or harvesting crops, collides with the difficulties posed by the always‐changing appearance of the environment due to seasonality. With this scope in mind, we report an ongoing effort in the long‐term deployment of an autonomous mobile robot in a vineyard, with the main objective of acquiring what we called the Bacchus Long‐Term (BLT) data set. This data set consists of multiple sessions recorded in the same area of a vineyard but at different points in time, covering a total of 7 months to capture the whole canopy growth from March until September. The multimodal data set recorded is acquired with the main focus put on pushing the development and evaluations of different mapping and localization algorithms for long‐term autonomous robots operation in the agricultural domain. Hence, besides the data set, we also present an initial study in long‐term localization using four different sessions belonging to four different months with different plant stages. We identify that state‐of‐the‐art localization methods can only cope partially with the amount of change in the environment, making the proposed data set suitable to establish a benchmark on which the robotics community can test its methods. On our side, we anticipate two solutions pointed at extracting stable temporal features for improving long‐term 4D localization results. The BLT data set is available at https://lncn.ac/lcas-blt.
Free trade and carbon emissions revisited: The asymmetric impacts of trade diversification and trade openness
Authors: Wang Qiang , Zhang Fuyu , Li Rongrong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the context of trade protectionism impacting economic and environmental sustainability, a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of trade on carbon emissions is critical to economic and environmental sustainability. Existing literature mainly explores the impact of trade on carbon emissions from the perspective of trade openness, neglecting the perspectives of trade diversification and trade direction. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the impact of trade openness (measured by trade volume, import, and export), and trade diversification (measured by import diversification and export diversification) on carbon emissions based on data from OECD and G20 countries between 1997 and 2019. The study further explores the heterogeneity, asymmetry, and mediation effects. The results demonstrate that (i) the impact of trade on carbon emissions is heterogeneous, with trade openness leads to an increase in carbon emissions, while trade diversification leads to a reduction in carbon emissions. Moreover, import diversification has the strongest effect on reducing carbon emissions. (ii) The impact of trade openness on carbon emissions is asymmetry. Trade openness increases carbon emissions at 10%–50% quantile levels and reduces carbon emissions at 80%–90% quantile levels. However, the impact of trade diversification on carbon emissions is consistent. (iii) The impact of trade openness on carbon emissions is mediated by technology effect and structural effect. On one hand, trade openness leads to an increase in carbon emissions by the industrial structure. On the other hand, it contributes to the reduction of carbon emissions by technological progress. These findings could serve to better understand the complexity of free trade's impact on economic and environmental sustainability.
Counterion Influenced Metal‐Organic Frameworks of Cyclam with CuII
Authors: Verma Abhineet , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Reibenspies Joseph , Sunkari Sailaja S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCyclam is one of the simplest macrocycle that forms stable metal chelates, much explored for their material and biological applications. Varying anion shape is an effective strategy to modulate the supramolecular structure, inspite of same molecular structure. Here, we report six new complexes of cyclam with CuII bound to counterions of different shapes viz., linear (NCS−/N3−), bent (N(CN)2−) or spherical (Cl−/Br−/I−) in which the shape of the anion leads to distinctly different supramolecular structures (ladder/linear chains with linear anions), braid like (with bent anion) and 3‐D hydrogen bonded networks (with spherical anions) due to changes in the non‐covalent interactions, inspite of the same molecular structure. The variations in packing are responsible for their different thermal properties. With metallo‐cyclams being explored for their efficacy in medical and material fields, studies of this type may offer potential candidates to explore.
Two Dimensional Ir‐Based Catalysts for Acidic OER
Authors: Yu Hao , Ke Jia , Shao Qi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting in acidic media is one of the most promising hydrogen production technologies, yet its practical applications in proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzers are limited by the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Iridium (Ir)‐based materials are considered as the state‐of‐the‐art catalysts for acidic OER due to their good stability under harsh acidic conditions. However, their activities still have much room for improvement. Two‐dimensional (2D) materials are full of the advantages of high‐surface area, unique electrical properties, facile surface modification, and good stability, making the development of 2D Ir‐based catalysts more attractive for achieving high catalytic performance. In this review, first, the unique advantages of 2D catalysts for electrocatalysis are reviewed. Thereafter, the classification, synthesis methods, and recent OER achievements of 2D Ir‐based materials, including pure metals, alloys, oxides, and perovskites are introduced. Finally, the prospects and challenges of developing 2D Ir‐based catalysts for future acidic OER are discussed.
Long-term patterns of fish community structure and decline in native species in a Colorado River reservoir, Arizona and Nevada
Authors: Burgad Aaron A. , Kesner Brian R. , Marsh Paul C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
The Colorado River has undergone substantial anthropogenic modifications, and a suite of nonnative species have been introduced since the 1800s; consequently, native fish communities are severely imperiled. We examined temporal patterns in fish community structure in Lake Mohave (i.e., lower Colorado River basin) over 40 years from 1980 to 2020.

Methods
We examined long-term abundance and richness trends and the trajectory of fish community structure in multivariate space to assess stability and turnover using results from biannual (spring and autumn) trammel-net monitoring over 40 years from 1980 to 2020.

Result
Nonnative fishes were established prior to sampling, precluding the ability to determine historical fish community structure. Bonytail Gila elegans and Razorback Sucker Xyrauchen texanus were the only two remaining native fishes, and both declined precipitously in abundance through time. However, a repatriation program initiated in 1991 prevented Razorback Sucker from extirpation, while reintroduction efforts for Bonytail have failed. Both wild populations are gone. Total catch per unit effort showed a negative relationship from 1980 to 2020, whereas total species richness showed no relationship. Long-term abundance trends at the species level indicated three nonnative species (i.e., Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum, Yellow Bullhead Ameiurus natalis, and Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu) increased, nine decreased, and three showed no relationship. Fish community composition exhibited low stability and moderate turnover and shifted directionally through time in multivariate space, with the formation of three clusters, possibly indicating alternative states.

Conclusion
The contemporary fish community shows little resemblance to the endemic ichthyofauna that has historically occupied the Colorado River, and the Razorback Sucker is the only remaining native species due to recovery efforts. Continued adaptive management will be required to preserve the most genetically diverse Razorback Sucker population in the Colorado River system, especially while coexisting with an unstable nonnative fish community.
Effect of chemical composition of coal ash used to prepare granulated coal ash on the removal of hydrogen sulfide from water
Authors: Asaoka Satoshi , Ishidu Takamichi , Nakamoto Kenji 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGranulated coal ash was prepared by mixing coal ash derived from a coal electric power plant and blast furnace cement, to remove hydrogen sulfide from aquatic environment. In this study, we investigate the effects of the composition of the coal ash used to prepare the granulated coal ash on its hydrogen sulfide removal performance. Manganese, magnesium, and calcium contents in the granulated coal ash were found to be the major factors in controlling the rate of hydrogen sulfide removal. The kinetics of hydrogen sulfide removal by the granulated coal ash were expressed as a first‐order equation with a rate constant of 0.0081–0.080 h−1. The rate constant for hydrogen sulfide removal obtained in this study correlated well with the manganese content in the granulated coal ash. The increasing surface pH attributed to the hydrolysis of calcium and magnesium on the surface of the granulated coal ash slightly increased the hydrogen sulfide removal rate.Practitioner Points

Adsorbents for H2S are prepared by coal ash from different coal blend and coal electric power generation processes.
Adsorbents tested in this study could remove hydrogen sulfide effectively.
Manganese oxide in the adsorbents enhanced the removal rate of hydrogen sulfide.
Adsorbents tested in this study contribute to sustainable development goals in terms of coal fly ash recycling.
Introduction: Understanding and Regulating AI-Powered Recommender Systems
Authors: Genovesi Sergio , Kaesling Katharina , Robbins Scott 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhen a person recommends a restaurant, movie or book, he or she is usually thanked for this recommendation. The person receiving the information will then evaluate, based on his or her knowledge about the situation, whether to follow the recommendation. With the rise of AI-powered recommender systems, however, restaurants, movies, books, and other items relevant for many aspects of life are generally recommended by an algorithm rather than a person. This volume aims to shed light on the implications of this transnational development from both legal and ethical perspectives and to spark further interdisciplinary thinking about algorithmic recommender systems.
From Algorithmic Transparency to Algorithmic Choice: European Perspectives on Recommender Systems and Platform Regulation
Authors: Busch Christoph 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlgorithmic recommendations and rankings have become a key feature of the user experience offered by digital platforms. Recommender systems determine which information and options are prominently presented to users. While there is abundant technical literature on recommender systems, the topic has only recently attracted the attention of the European legislator. This chapter scrutinizes the emerging European regulatory framework for algorithmic rankings and recommendations in the platform economy with a specific focus on online retail platforms. Surveying the new rules for rankings and recommender systems in consumer contract law, unfair commercial practices law, and platform regulation, it identifies shortcomings and inconsistencies and highlights the need for coherence between the different regulatory regimes. The Digital Services Act could change the regulatory trajectory by introducing (albeit hesitantly and incompletely) a new regulatory model that shifts the focus from algorithmic transparency to algorithmic choice. More importantly, a choice-based approach to recommender governance and a market for third-party recommender systems (“RecommenderTech”) could also be facilitated by the new interoperability requirements introduced by the Digital Markets Act.
Recommending Ourselves to Death: Values in the Age of Algorithms
Authors: Robbins Scott 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecommender systems are increasingly being used for many purposes. This is creating a deeply problematic situation. Recommender systems are likely to be wrong when used for these purposes because there are distorting forces working against them. RS’s are based on past evaluative standards which will often not align with current evaluative standards. RS’s algorithms must reduce everything to computable information – which will often, in these cases, be incorrect and will leave out information that we normally consider to be important for such evaluations. The algorithms powering these RSs also must use proxies for the evaluative ‘good’. These proxies are not equal to the ‘good’ and therefore will often go off track. Finally, these algorithms are opaque. We do not have access to the considerations that lead to a particular recommendation. Without these considerations we are taking the machine’s output on faith. These algorithms also have the potential to modify how we evaluate. YouTube has modified its algorithm explicitly to ‘expand our tastes’. This is an extraordinary amount of power – and one that if my first argument goes through, is likely to take us away from the good. This influences our behavior which feeds back into the algorithms that make recommendations. It is important that we establish some meaningful human control over this process before we lose control over the evaluative.
Non-invasive Imaging Biomarkers of Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology
Authors: Noortman Wyanne A. , de Koster Elizabeth J. , van Velden Floris H. P. , de Geus-Oei Lioe-Fee , Vriens Dennis 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStratified by ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration cytology, indeterminate nodules are lesions with an intermediate risk of being malignant (approximately 25%). Diagnostic resection of half the thyroid gland provides the true nature of these lesions but at the cost of 75% of the patients being futilely operated. In case a malignancy is found, a second surgery to remove the whole thyroid gland is often necessary. Different approaches either on cytological material or using imaging have been investigated to further stratify these lesions. This chapter reviewed biomarkers obtained using conventional as well as artificial intelligence-based non-invasive imaging strategies for the differentiation of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology. An overview of the abilities of different tests to differentiate between benign and malignant nodules was provided, taking into account the clinical readiness and cost-effectiveness.
On the influence of free space in topology optimization of electro-active polymers
Authors: Dev Chaitanya , Stankiewicz Gabriel , Steinmann Paul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of the surrounding free space on the topology optimization (TO) of electro-active polymers (EAPs). It is well understood that, under the application of an electric field, the deformation of an EAP is not solely determined by the field distribution within the body, but also by the distribution in the free space surrounding it. This is particularly true for electronic EAP, which are emerging as leading candidates for developing artificial muscles. Our study specifically focuses on understanding the influence of the free space in the context of density-based TO. We model the free space as an extended void region around the design domain. Our numerical experiments focus on EAP actuators and take into account their geometrical nonlinear behavior. The results show that incorporating the surrounding free space has a significant impact on the performance of the optimized EAPs with low electric permittivity. This makes it essential to consider in real-world applications.
Validation of the Spanish version of the Electronic Facial Palsy Assessment (eFACE)
Authors: Mato‑Patino Teresa , Sánchez‑Cuadrado Isabel , Peñarrocha Julio , Morales‑Puebla José Manuel , Díez‑Sebastián Jesús , Gavilán Javier , Lassaletta Luis 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The clinician-graded electronic facial paralysis assessment (eFACE) is a relatively new digital tool for assessing facial palsy. The present study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the eFACE.

Methods
Forward–backward translation from the original English version was performed. Videos and photographs from 65 adult patients with unilateral facial paralysis (any severity, time course, and etiology) were evaluated twice by five otolaryngologists with varying levels of experience in facial palsy evaluation. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s α and the intra- and inter-rater reliability were measured using intraclass correlation coefficient. Concurrent validity was established by calculating Spearman’s rho correlation (ρ) between the eFACE and the House–Brackmann scale (H–B) and Pearson’s correlation (r) between the eFACE and the Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (SFGS).

Results
The Spanish version of the eFACE showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α > 0.8). The intra-rater reliability was nearly perfect for the total score (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.95–0.99), static score (0.92–0.96), and dynamic score (0.96–0.99) and important-to-excellent for synkinesis score (0.79–0.96). The inter-rater reliability was excellent for the total score (0.85–0.93), static score (0.80–0.90), and dynamic score (0.90–0.95) and moderate-to-important for the synkinesis score (0.55–0.78). The eFACE had a very strong correlation with the H–B (ρ =  – 0.88 and  – 0.85 for each evaluation, p < 0.001) and the SFGS (r = 0.92 and 0.91 each evaluation, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The Spanish version of the eFACE is a reliable and valid instrument for assessment of facial function in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with facial paralysis.
Nutritional status and post-operative complications in patients undergoing surgery for advanced pharyngeal or laryngeal cancer
Authors: Brown Teresa , Edwards Anna , Pashley Alice , Lehn Belinda , Vasani Sarju , Hodge Robert , Bauer Judith 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Malnutrition is an important prognostic indicator of post-operative outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for head and neck cancer, however, limited studies utilize validated nutrition assessment tools to accurately assess risk. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional status on post-operative complications and length of stay for patients undergoing either a laryngectomy, pharyngectomy or pharyngolaryngectomy for head and neck cancer.

Methods
Patients with head and neck cancer undergoing a laryngectomy, pharyngectomy or pharyngolaryngectomy at a tertiary hospital in Australia were eligible for this retrospective cohort study (n = 40). Nutritional status was assessed by the dietitian on admission using the validated Subjective Global Assessment tool. Clinical outcomes were collected via retrospective chart review and included length of stay and post-operative complications.

Results
Pre-operative malnutrition incidence was 40%. Malnourished patients had higher incidences of any type of complication (57% vs 44%, p = 0.013) and pressure injury (86% vs 14%, p = 0.011) compared to well-nourished patients. Well-nourished patients had a clinically important shorter median length of stay compared to malnourished patients (17.5 vs 20 days).

Conclusion
Early identification and management of malnutrition is essential to minimize risk of post-operative complications and reduce length of stay and should be considered a key component of prehabilitation programs.