bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are there more galaxies than we see around high-z quasars?
Authors: Zana Tommaso , Carniani Stefano , Prelogović David , Vito Fabio , Allevato Viola , Ferrara Andrea , Gallerani Simona , Parlanti Eleonora 
Published: September 2023

Context. It is still debated whether z ≳ 6 quasars lie in the most massive dark matter haloes of the Universe. While most theoretical studies support this scenario, current observations yield discordant results when they probe the halo mass through the detection rate of quasar companion galaxies. Feedback processes from supermassive black holes and dust obscuration have been blamed for this discrepancy, but these effects are complex and far from being clearly understood.
Aim. This paper aims to improve the interpretation of current far-infrared observations by taking the cosmological volume probed by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Telescope into account and to explain the observational discrepancies.
Methods. We statistically investigated the detection rate of quasar companions in current observations and verified whether they match the expected distribution from various theoretical models when they are convolved with the ALMA field of view through the use of Monte Carlo simulations.
Results. We demonstrate that the telescope geometrical bias is fundamental and can alone explain the scatter in the number of detected satellite galaxies in different observations. We conclude that the resulting companion densities depend on the chosen galaxy distributions. According to our fiducial models, current data favour a density scenario in which quasars lie in dark matter haloes with a viral mass of Mvir ≳ 1012 M⊙, in agreement with most theoretical studies. According to our analysis, each quasar has about two companion galaxies, with a [CII] luminosity L[CII] ≳ 108 L⊙, within a distance of about 1 Mpc from the quasar.
Theoretical investigation of electron capture processes in slow O7+–H collisions
Authors: Lin Xiaohe , Wang Kun , Wang Yu , Liu Ling , Wu Yong , Lin Minjuan , Li Rui , Wang J. G. 
Published: September 2023

Aims. The total and n-, l-, and S -resolved single-electron-capture cross sections for the collisions of O7+ with atomic hydrogen are studied in the energy region from 10−3eV u−1−5keV u−1.
Methods. These state-selective cross sections were calculated by employing the full quantum-mechanical molecular-orbital close-coupling (QMOCC) method. The ab initio multireference single- and double-excitation configuration interaction approach, with optimized atomic basis sets to accurately describe the highly excited states, was used to obtain the adiabatic potentials and the radial and rotational coupling matrix elements that are required in the QMOCC calculation.
Results. Our results are compared with other available theoretical and experimental data. The n = 5 manifold is the dominant reaction channel for the chasrge-transfer process for this collision system over the entire energy range, and our results agree better with the experimental data than the other theoretical results in the energy region in which they overlap because we included the necessary highly excited states in the expansion basis set. These charge-exchange cross-section data are useful for understanding and modeling the X-ray emission in astrophysical environments.
Numerical studies on the link between radioisotopic signatures on Earth and the formation of the Local Bubble
Authors: Schulreich M. M. , Feige J. , Breitschwerdt D. 
Published: September 2023

Context.Measurements of long-lived radioisotopes, which have grown rapidly in quantity and sensitivity over the last few years, provide a means, completely independent of other observational channels, to draw conclusions about near-Earth supernovae (SNe) and thus the origin of the Local Bubble (LB), our Galactic habitat. First and foremost in this context is60Fe, which has already been detected across the Earth and on the Moon.Aims.The present study constitutes a significant step in further refining the coherent picture of the formation of the LB, constrained by radioisotopic anomalies, that we have drawn earlier and is based on the most sophisticated initial conditions determined to date.Methods.UsingGaìaEDR3, we identified 14 SN explosions, with 13 occurring in Upper Centaurus-Lupus and Lower Centaurus-Crux, and one in V1062 Sco, all being subgroups of the Scorpius-Centaurus OB association. The timing of these explosions was obtained by us through interpolation of modern rotating stellar evolution tracks via the initial masses of the already exploded massive stars. We further developed a new Monte Carlo-type approach for deriving the trajectories of the SN progenitors, utilising a plethora of test-particle simulations in a realistic Milky Way potential and selecting explosion sites based on maximum values in six-dimensional phase-space probability distributions constructed from the simulations. We then performed high-resolution three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations based on these initial conditions to explore the evolution of the LB in an inhomogeneous local interstellar medium and the transport of radioisotopes to Earth. The simulations include the effects of age- and initial mass-dependent stellar winds from the SN progenitors and additional radioisotopes (26Al,53Mn, and244Pu) besides60Fe using wind-derived and explosive yields from rotating models.Results.From our modelling of the LB, we find for our main results that (i) our simulations are consistent with measurements of60Fe, in particular, a peak 2–3 Myr before present, as well as26Al,53Mn, and244Pu data; (ii) stellar winds contribute to the distribution of radioisotopes and also to the dynamics of the LB; (iii) the Solar System (SS) entered the LB about 4.6 Myr ago; and (iv) the recent influx of60Fe, discovered in Antarctic snow and deep-sea sediments, can be naturally explained by turbulent radioisotopic transport (in dust grains) mainly originating from the SN explosions and from the shock waves reflected at the LB shell.Conclusions.Our simulations not only support the recent hypothesis that the LB triggered star formation in the solar vicinity through its expansion, but they also suggest that the second, separate60Fe peak measured at 6–9 Myr ago was generated by the passage of the SS through a neighbouring superbubble (SB), possibly the Orion-Eridanus SB, prior to its current residence in the LB.
The 12C/13C isotopic ratio at the dawn of chemical evolution
Authors: Molaro P. , Aguado D. S. , Caffau E. , Allende Prieto C. , Bonifacio P. , González Hernández J. I. , Rebolo R. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. , Cristiani S. , Pepe F. , Santos N. C. , Alibert Y. , Cupani G. , Di Marcantonio P. , D’Odorico V. , Lovis C. , Martins C. J. A. P. , Milaković D. , Murphy M. T. , Nunes N. J. , Schmidt T. M. , Sousa S. , Sozzetti A. , Suárez Mascareño A. 
Published: September 2023

Context. The known mega metal-poor (MMP) and hyper metal-poor (HMP) stars, with [Fe/H] < −6.0 and < −5.0, respectively, likely belong to the CEMP-no class, namely, carbon-enhanced stars with little or no second peak neutron-capture elements. They are likely second-generation stars, and the few elements measurable in their atmospheres are used to infer the properties of a single or very few progenitors.
Aims. The high carbon abundance in the CEMP-no stars offers a unique opportunity to measure the carbon isotopic ratio, which directly indicates the presence of mixing between the He- and H-burning layers either within the star or in the progenitor(s). By means of high-resolution spectra acquired with the ESPRESSO spectrograph at the VLT, we aim to derive values for the 12C/13C ratio at the lowest metallicities.
Methods. We used a spectral synthesis technique based on the SYNTHE code and on ATLAS models within a Markov chain Monte Carlo methodology to derive 12C/13C in the stellar atmospheres of four of the most metal-poor stars known: the MMP giant SMSS J0313–6708 ([Fe/H] < −7.1), the HMP dwarf HE 1327–2326 ([Fe/H] = −5.8), the HMP giant SDSS J1313–0019 ([Fe/H] = −5.0), and the ultra metal-poor subgiant HE0233 -0343 ([Fe/H] = −4.7). We also revised a previous value for the MMP giant SMSS J1605–1443 ([Fe/H] = −6.2).
Results. In four stars we derive an isotopic value while for HE 1327–2326 we provide a lower limit. All measurements are in the range 39 < 12C/13C < 100, showing that the He- and H-burning layers underwent partial mixing either in the stars or, more likely, in their progenitors. This provides evidence of a primary production of 13C at the dawn of chemical evolution. CEMP-no dwarf stars with slightly higher metallicities show lower isotopic values, <30 and even approaching the CNO cycle equilibrium value. Thus, extant data suggest the presence of a discontinuity in the 12C/13C ratio at around [Fe/H] ≈ − 4, which could mark a real difference between the progenitor pollution captured by stars with different metallicities. We also note that some MMP and HMP stars with high 12C/13C show low 7Li values, providing an indication that mixing in the CEMP-no progenitors is not responsible for the observed Li depletion.
Konsum von Tabakzigaretten, E-Zigaretten und Wasserpfeifen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Ergebnisse des Präventionsradars von 2016 bis 2023
Authors: Hanewinkel Reiner , Hansen Julia 
Published: September 2023

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung Trends der Nutzung verschiedener Rauchprodukte im Kindes- und Jugendalter von 2016–2023 sollen abgebildet werden.
Methode Datengrundlage bilden sieben Wellen des Präventionsradars, einer schulbasierten epidemiologischen Studie in den Klassenstufen 5–10. Primäre Endpunkte der Untersuchung waren die Lebenszeit- und die Monatsprävalenz des Konsums von Tabakzigaretten, E-Zigaretten, Wasserpfeifen sowie des Konsums von mindestens zwei dieser Rauchprodukte (kombinierter Konsum). Prävalenzschätzungen basieren auf logistischen Regressionsmodellen.
Ergebnisse Der Auswertung liegen 94.127 Fragebögen zugrunde. Das Geschlechtsverhältnis war ausgewogen (49% weiblich), das mittlere Alter betrug 13 Jahre (SD=1,8). 2022/2023 betrug die Lebenszeitprävalenz des Rauchens von Tabakzigaretten 18,8% (95%-KI 18,1–19,5), von E-Zigaretten 23,5% (95%-KI 22,8–24,3), von Wasserpfeifen 14,0% (95%-KI 13,4–14,7) und des kombinierten Konsums 19,0% (95%-KI 18,3–19,7). Die Monatsprävalenz des Rauchens von Tabakzigaretten betrug 5,9% (95%-KI 5,5–6,4), von E-Zigaretten 7,0% (95%-KI 6,5–7,4), von Wasserpfeifen 3,2% (95%-KI 2,8–3,5) und des kombinierten Konsums 4,8% (95%-KI 4,4–5,2). Seit 2016 zeichnen sich folgende Trends im Hinblick auf die Lebenszeitprävalenz ab: Tabakzigaretten (–3,0 Prozentpunkte), E-Zigaretten (+1,8 Prozentpunkte), Wasserpfeifen (–9,2 Prozentpunkte), kombinierter Konsum (–2,7 Prozentpunkte). In den Jahren der COVID-19-Pandemie rauchten weniger Jugendliche. Post-COVID stiegen die Prävalenzen mit Ausnahme der Wasserpfeife wieder an.
Diskussion Der Konsum von Rauchprodukten im Jugendalter tritt häufig auf. Über den Beobachtungszeitraum deutet sich eine Trendumkehr hin zur E-Zigarette als populärstem Produkt bei Kindern und Jugendlichen an. Zudem hat sich der kombinierte Konsum mehrerer Rauchprodukte als häufiges Konsummuster verfestigt. Konsequente verhältnis- und verhaltenspräventive Maßnahmen sind erforderlich, um das Ziel einer rauchfreien Gesellschaft im Jahr 2040 noch erreichen zu können.
Long-Term Maternal Mental Health after Spontaneous Preterm Birth
Authors: Janssen Laura E. , Laarman Aranka R.C. , van Dijk-Lokkart Elisabeth M. , Bröring-Starre Tinka , Oudijk Martijn A. , de Groot Christianne J.M. , de Boer Marjon A. 
Published: September 2023

Objective The aim of this study is to investigate whether a history of spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) is associated with maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms, or psychosocial distress in the fifth decade of life.
Study Design This is a secondary analysis of the PreCaris-study, a prospective observational study in which we included 350 women with a history of SPTB between 220/7 and 366/7 weeks of gestation and compared them to 115 women who had a term birth. Primary outcomes were the Depression and Anxiety scores measured using the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale and Psychosocial distress assessed with the Distress Thermometer for Parents. Secondary outcomes were self-reported impact of the birth in daily life and psychosocial support after delivery.
Results After a median of 13 years after delivery, no significant differences were found in primary outcomes. Significantly more women with a history of SPTB reported that the birth still had impact in daily life; adjusted odds ratio: 2.46 (95% confidence interval: 1.35–4.48). A total of 57 (16.3%) women after SPTB reported to have needed professional psychosocial support after delivery but did not receive it. These women more often had a high Anxiety score (p = 0.030), psychosocial distress (p = 0.001), and influence of birth in daily life (p = 0.000).
Conclusion There are no long-term effects on depressive and anxiety symptoms and psychosocial distress in women who experienced SPTB compared with women who had a full-term pregnancy. A significant part of the women who delivered preterm needed psychosocial support but did not receive it and were at higher risk of anxiety, psychosocial distress, and impact in daily life. We therefore recommend offering all women after SPTB psychosocial support after delivery.
Key Points
Novel Umbilical Catheter Securement and Protection Device for Umbilical Line Securement during Laparotomy
Authors: Salimi-Jazi Fereshteh , Wood Lauren , Rafeeqi Talha , Yamada Nicole , Fuerch Janene , Wall James 
Published: September 2023

Objective Umbilical catheter malposition rate is high. We compared a Novel Umbilical Securement Device (NUSD) to standard methodologies for neonatal invasive care unit patients undergoing laparotomy.
Study Design Retrospective study was performed on infants undergoing laparotomy from April 2019 to January 2023. Two neonatologists compared position of umbilical arterial catheter/umbilical venous catheter (UVC) on perioperative chest X-ray (CXRs) in patients with or without NUSD.
Results Eighteen patients underwent laparotomy, of which 8 patients had NUSD (9 lines) and 10 patients did not (14 lines). In NUSD group, mean gestational age was 37 ± 4 weeks and mean birth weight was 2.3 ± 0.9 kg compared with 31 ± 8 weeks and 2.1 ± 1.4 kg in non-NUSD group, respectively. The mean age at surgery was 5 ± 7 and 5 ± 3 days, respectively. No malposition was seen in NUSD group, while 57% of UVCs (28% of lines) were malpositioned postoperatively in non-NUSD group (p = 0.048).
Conclusion NUSD is an umbilical catheter securement device with low malposition rate, specifically during perioperative period with heightened risk for dislodgement.
Key Points
Strategies for Teaching Verbs to Children with and without Language Impairment
Authors: Prahl Alison , McDaniel Jena 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe aim of this feasibility study was to extend the current evidence base on intransitive verb learning by evaluating and comparing three strategies (syntactic cues, semantic cues, combined cues) for teaching novel verbs to expand the vocabularies of children with and without language impairment. Twenty-three children with typical development, seven children with developmental language disorder, and eight children with Down syndrome participated in Studies 1, 2, and 3, respectively. They were taught novel, intransitive verbs using syntactic, semantic, and combined cues and then asked to receptively identify and expressively label the novel verbs. Across all conditions, participants learned novel verbs receptively with large effect sizes and participants with typical development and Down syndrome also learned the verbs expressively with large effect sizes. There were no significant differences between conditions. This study extends word-learning research by evaluating not only receptive but also expressive intransitive verb learning to expand one's vocabulary. The results provide positive evidence for three effective strategies for teaching intransitive verbs to children with and without language impairment.
Medulloblastoma with Subcutaneous Spread: A Rare Entity
Authors: Srinivasan Siddharth , Hegde Ajay , Nair Rajesh , Menon Girish 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMedulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. Histological subclassification and adjuvant therapy have improved prognostication and outcome. Extraneural metastasis remains a poor prognostic factor and subcutaneous seeding is rarely encountered and reported in the pediatric population. We report a 3-year-old child who rapidly presented with subcutaneous seeding a month following gross total resection of his tumor.
Factors Associated with Intradiscal Vacuum Phenomenon after Traumatic Thoracolumbar Fracture
Authors: Sasagawa Takeshi , Hayashi Hiroyuki , Takagi Yasutaka 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction Posttraumatic kyphosis of the thoracolumbar spine is a possible cause of deterioration of activities of daily living. Thus, postoperative kyphosis is an important issue in treating traumatic thoracolumbar fractures. The intradiscal vacuum phenomenon (IVP) after a traumatic thoracolumbar fracture is considered an important predictor of severe kyphosis after implant removal. However, the associated factors are not yet clear.
Methods The study included data from 94 intervertebral discs on the cephalocaudal side of 47 fractured vertebrae of 45 patients for traumatic thoracolumbar fracture due to high-energy trauma. We assessed the demographics of patients (age, sex, cause of injury, location of injured vertebra, fracture type, cephalocaudal side), imaging finding (kyphosis angle of fractured vertebra at the injury, endplate fracture on computed tomography [CT], intervertebral injury on magnetic resonance image [MRI]), and IVP on CT conducted more than 6 months after surgery. We divided the intervertebral discs into an IVP group and a non-IVP group. To identify factors associated with an IVP, univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted.
Results IVP was observed in 27 (29%) of 94 intervertebral discs on CTs conducted at an average of 14.0 months postoperatively. In univariate analysis, the IVP group (n = 27) had a significantly more cephalic side of the injured vertebra, endplate fracture on CT, and disc injury on MRI compared with the non-IVP group (n = 67). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with IVP. The cephalic side (odds ratio [OR] = 4.183, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.269–13.785) and endplate fracture on CT (OR = 9.564, 95% CI = 1.940–47.143) were identified as independent factors associated with IVP.
Conclusions IVP was observed in 27 (29%) of 94 intervertebral discs. The cephalic side and endplate fracture on CT were identified as independent factors associated with IVP.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of critical result notification protocol of biochemistry laboratory at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Thota Silpa , Bitla Aparna R. 
Published: September 2023

Objectives:
Critical value reporting is an essential aspect of laboratory medicine, ensuring prompt communication of life-threatening results to clinicians for immediate action. Existing guidelines emphasize the importance of timely notification, but protocols may vary. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the protocol for reporting critical results in the biochemistry laboratory of a tertiary care hospital and proposed alternative protocols for improvement.

Materials and Methods:
Data were collected over a 6-month period, including the total number of investigations, critical values detected, parameters analyzed, and clinical departments involved. Quality indicators such as turnaround time (TAT), unsuccessful reporting rates, and clinical actions taken were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel.

Statistical Analysis:
All statistical analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel spreadsheets (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, United States). Data were presented as numbers and percentages.

Results:
Out of 390,000 investigations, 0.5% had critical values. Serum potassium (55.9%) had the highest frequency of critical values, followed by sodium, calcium, and glucose. The emergency department received the highest number of critical alerts. The success rate of critical result reporting within 1 hour was 86.8%, while unsuccessful reporting accounted for 10.7%. The causes of unsuccessful reporting included outpatient requests and delayed intimation due to patient transfers. Corrective action was taken in 91% of cases, with documentation primarily in nurse charts.

Conclusion:
Evaluation of the protocol for reporting critical results identified areas for improvement. Recommendations included revising the critical value list, reducing TAT through process optimization and automation, enhancing staff training and awareness, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and maintaining incident records. Implementing these changes can enhance compliance, reduce errors, and improve patient care.
Anatomical Step-by-Step Dissection of Complex Skull Base Approaches for Trainees: Surgical Anatomy of the Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the Anterior Cranial Fossa
Authors: Agosti Edoardo , Alexander A. Yohan , Leonel Luciano C. P. C. , Graepel Stephen , Choby Garret , Pinheiro-Neto Carlos D. , Peris Celda Maria 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction The development of endoscopic techniques has made endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEAs) to the anterior cranial fossa (ACF) increasingly popular. Still, the steps and nuances involved in the approach may be difficult to understand for trainees. Thus, we aim to didactically describe the EEAs to the ACF in an anatomically based, step-by-step manner with supplementary clinical cases.
Methods Six cadaveric head specimens were dissected. Endoscopic endonasal Draf I, IIA, IIB, and III frontal sinusotomies, endoscopic endonasal superior ethmoidectomy, and endoscopic endonasal transcribriform and transplanum approaches were modularly performed. The specimens were photodocumented with endoscopic techniques.
Results Draf I frontal sinusotomy started with the complete removal of the anteromedial portion of the agger nasi cell, exposing the medial orbital wall, cranial base, and anterior cribriform plate. Draf II frontal sinusotomy proceeded with the removal of the floor of the frontal sinus between the lamina papyracea and the middle turbinate (IIa), and the nasal septum (IIb) until the first olfactory filaments were exposed. Draf III proceeded by creating a superior septal window just below the floor of the frontal sinus. The bone of the ACF bounded by the limbus sphenoidale posteriorly, frontal sinus anteriorly, and the medial orbital walls bilaterally was removed; the cribriform plate was removed; and the crista galli was dissected free from the dural leaflets of the falx cerebri and removed.
Conclusion We provide a step-by-step dissection describing basic surgical steps and anatomy of the EEAs to the ACF to facilitate the learning process for skull base surgery trainees.
Amniotic Membrane Dressings in the Treament of Chronic Ulcers
Authors: Abhyankar Dr. Suhas V. , Kini Dr. U. Anand , Ananthakrishna Dr. N.C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTwenty cases make basis of observations made while being treated for chronic non-healing wounds other than those due to thermal injury (Burns). Stored Amniotic Membrane is used to cover these wounds. Results are presented.
Study of Serum Protein Profiles in Burn Patients
Authors: Mahajan Dr. R.K. , Abraham Dr. R. , Menezes Dr. Leo Theobald , Thomas Dr. A.G. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract66 patients of varying degrees of burns were divided in 6 groups on % of total body surface burns. Serum electrophoresis studies on all, were carried out at definite Intervals. Total (i) Serum proteins, (ii) Albumin globulin ratio and (iii) Alfal, Alfa2, Beta and Gamma globulin levels were studied. Levels of Alfa2 globulins in group VI (60% of T.B.S. burns) were found significantly altered and proved to be of prognostic value.