bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
966-P: Machine Learning Applied to Digital Retinal Images to Predict Glycated Haemoglobin
Authors: PARKER VICTORIA E.R. , SVANGARD NILS , SELVERAJAH VIKNESH , WHITE TOM , ESTERLINE RUSSELL L. , SAND FREDRIK W. , MAJDANSKA MALGORZATA , KASZUBSKA KATARZYNA , MYRBÄCK TOVE 
Published: June 2023

Background: Machine-learning (ML) applied to retinal images can be used to make predictions of age, gender, retinopathy diagnosis and HbA1c. We sought to evaluate this technology in a setting with more limited healthcare infrastructure.
Methods: Using UK Biobank data we used machine-learning to train models to predict HbA1c and DM diagnosis. We performed a prospective pilot study in Kenya with concurrent retinal image acquisition and HbA1c measurement. The primary endpoint was the proportion with completed and interpretable assessments. Exploratory measures evaluated the accuracy of machine-learning predictions.
Results: In total, 301 participants were enrolled; mean age was 51.1 years, 45% were female, 99% were Black-African and DM, obesity and hypertension were prevalent. Greater than 97% of assessments were completed and of sufficient quality for ML based analysis. Overall model predictions for HbA1c were comparable in accuracy to those obtained using UK Biobank data. For HbA1c prediction the model achieved 56% within 1% of the lab-based value; greater degrees of accuracy were achieved for diagnosis of DM and high specificity was observed at different thresholds of HbA1c.
Conclusions: Further development of this technology holds potential to provide additional disease relevant measures alongside retinal screening in regions with limited healthcare access.

Disclosure
V.E.R.Parker: Employee; AstraZeneca, Stock/Shareholder; AstraZeneca. N.Svangard: Employee; AstraZeneca, Stock/Shareholder; AstraZeneca. V.Selverajah: Employee; AstraZeneca, Stock/Shareholder; AstraZeneca. T.White: Employee; AstraZeneca, Stock/Shareholder; AstraZeneca. R.L.Esterline: Employee; AstraZeneca. F.W.Sand: Employee; AstraZeneca, Stock/Shareholder; AstraZeneca. M.Majdanska: Employee; AstraZeneca, Stock/Shareholder; AstraZeneca. K.Kaszubska: Employee; AstraZeneca, Stock/Shareholder; AstraZeneca. T.Myrbäck: Employee; AstraZeneca, Stock/Shareholder; AstraZeneca.

Funding
AstraZeneca
994-P: Excess Medical Expenditures and Out-of-Pocket Costs Associated with COVID-19 among Medicare Beneficiaries with Diabetes
Authors: WANG YU , ZHANG PING , ZHOU XILIN , IMPERATORE GIUSEPPINA 
Published: June 2023

The objective of the study is to estimate excess medical expenditures and out-of-pocket costs of covid-19 in Medicare Beneficiaries with diabetes. Data were from the 100% Medicare claims database among 10,692,964 beneficiaries enrolled in fee-for-service plans from 03/2020 to 02/2022. Persons with diabetes and covid-19 infection were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes. A beneficiary with any covid-19-related claims at any time during the study period was defined as a covid-19 patient. We compared medical expenditures (total, inpatient, outpatient, prescription, others) and out-of-pocket costs (OOP) between diabetes beneficiaries with and without covid-19 during the 2-year period. Per capita spending and OOP were calculated as total medical expenditures divided by the number of patients by covid-19 status. Per capita medical expenditures in total and by service type and OOP in persons with or without covid-19 and excess expenditures associated with covid-19 are presented in the Table. covid-19 imposed a substantial financial burden on the health care system and persons with diabetes.

Disclosure
Y.Wang: None. P.Zhang: None. X.Zhou: None. G.Imperatore: None.
998-P: Changes in Health Care Utilization and Costs among Commercially Insured U.S. Adults with Diabetes during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: ZHOU XILIN , LUNDEEN ELIZABETH A. , ROLKA DEBORAH B. 
Published: June 2023

Using claims from IQVIA PharMetrics Plus, we examined changes in health care utilization and costs among commercially insured US adults (aged 18 to 64 years) with diabetes (identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes). Utilization consisted of inpatient, emergency room (ER), all outpatient, physician office, ambulatory surgery center (ASC) procedures, and telehealth visits. Both utilization and costs (total medical spending in 2021 US dollars) were measured per person by month. Changes in utilization and costs were examined for 22 months of the pandemic (03/2020-12/2021) and compared with the corresponding months in the pre-pandemic period (03/2018-12/2019). We found that overall the largest reduction in utilization during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period was in ASC procedures (-41.9%) (Table). The reduction in physician office visits persisted throughout 2021. We also found a 7-fold increase in telehealth visits compared to the pre-pandemic period. Per-person costs were reduced by 19.6% from 03/2020 to 05/2020, then increased by 2-3% in 2021 compared to the pre-pandemic period. Commercially insured adults reduced their use of health care services during the pandemic while increasing their use of telehealth visits. Although costs were lower in the first few months of the pandemic, they increased later in the pandemic.

Disclosure
X.Zhou: None. E.A.Lundeen: None. D.B.Rolka: None.
Factors Associated with Eczema Clinical Trial Awareness, Interest, and Participation in Adults
Authors: Grinich Erin E. , Thibau Isabelle J. , Latour Emile , Price Kyla N. , Loiselle Allison R. , Simpson Eric , Smith Begolka Wendy 
Published: June 2023

Despite the need for improved eczema therapies and a rapid increase in available eczema clinical trials, participation remains low. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with clinical trial awareness, interest, and barriers to enrolment and participation. An online survey, administered 1 May to 6 June 2020 to adults (≥ 18 years) with eczema in the USA, was analysed. Among 800 patients included, mean age was 49.4 years, most respondents were female (78.1%), White (75.4%), non-Hispanic (91.4%), and geographically living in an urban/suburban area (Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC) 1–3, 90.8%). Only 9.7% of respondents reported previous participation in clinical trials, while 57.1% had considered participation and 33.2% never considered participation. Higher satisfaction with current eczema therapy, clinical trial literacy, and confidence in finding eczema trial information were all associated with clinical trial awareness, interest, and successful participation. Younger age and having atopic dermatitis were associated with increased awareness, while female gender was a barrier to interest and successful participation.
Fältstudie i yrkesutbildning
Authors: Runström Nilsson Petra 
Published: June 2023

Fältstudier är ett vanligt inslag i olika yrkesutbildningar som ges vid svenska lärosäten. Trots detta är det svårt att finna en definition på vad en fältstudie är, vilken teoretisk grund den vilar på, hur den kan konstrueras och examineras. I den här artikeln presenteras Grossmans ramverk (2009) som en teoretisk grund att tänka kring i konstruerandet av fältstudier.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
Work-based learning activities and assignment (fältstudier) in vocational training
Work-based learning (WBL) activities and assignment (fältstudie) are common in vocational training, for example teacher education, police education and nursing programs. However, it is hard to find a common definition, a theoretical ground for the work-based learning (WBL) activities and how the WBL activities and assignment are constructed and evaluated. In this article Grossman’s framework (2009) is presented as one possible theoretical frame one can use when constructing a work-based learning activity and/or assignment.
Review of the Resolutions of the Supreme Court Criminal Chamber Concerning Substantive Criminal Law Passed in 2022
Authors: Stefański Ryszard A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The scholarly and research-focused article aims to analyse resolutions and rulings of the Supreme Court Criminal Chamber concerning substantive criminal law passed in 2022 as a response to the so-called legal questions. The subject of the analysis covers such issues as: the crime of failure to report a crime (Article 240 § 1 of the Criminal Code); suspension of the statute of limitations for criminal offenses due to the COVID-19 pandemic; a student of the Faculty of Public Order of the Academy of Internal Affairs in Szczytno as a person not serving in the state security bodies; and revocation of a driving licence in the event its holder who is a member of a military unit performing tasks outside the country commits an act consisting in driving a motor vehicle under the influence of alcohol (Article 135(1) of the Road Traffic Act).
The fundamental objective of this scientific research is to evaluate the legitimacy of this body’s interpretation of the regulations encompassing legal issues referred to the Supreme Court for resolution. The primary research theses aim to demonstrate that the so-called legal questions referred to the Supreme Court play an important role in ensuring the uniformity of common and military courts’ judgements, given that the body’s stance relies on in-depth reasoning. The research findings present an original perspective developing the interpretation found in the analysed resolutions in a creative way. While the research primarily focuses on national aspects, the article holds significant importance for the scientific community. This is due to its detailed dogmatic analysis and substantial theoretical discourse. Moreover, its practical utility is evident as it enriches the Supreme Court’s arguments and addresses circumstances that justify diverse opinions.
The language of late fossil capital
Authors: Dahlberg Leif 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
This essay studies the propaganda language of contemporary – or late – fossil capital. Whereas the traditional understanding of propaganda focuses on the dissemination of information (or disinformation) in order to promote a political cause or ideology, I argue that the main form and vehicle of propaganda for late fossil capital is the massive use of terms and tropes, together with particular rhetorical devices, for example, the interpellation of the individual consumer as responsible for mitigating climate change. The essay studies the language of fossil capital based primarily on marketing material by fossil fuel companies, in the US and other Western countries, such as advertising and advertorials, current and archived websites, social media, corporate sustainability reports, as well as material produced by industry organisation such as the American Petroleum Institute and the Heartland Institute. A large part of the material is taken from two North American legal complaints, Connecticut v. Exxon Mobil Corporation (2020) and City of New York v. Exxon Mobil Corp. et al. (2021).
Tactics and Principles: A Contribution to Dobrogeanu-Gherea’s Interpretation of Anarchism with Reference to ‘Legal Socialism’
Authors: Copilaș Emanuel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Early socialism from the second half of 19th century Romania is experiencing a systematic comeback among historians and social scientists. The works of Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea, the founding father of Romanian Marxism, occupy a central place in this newfound attention towards the origins and struggles of socialism in Romania. This paper addresses Gherea’s interpretation of anarchism on par with his doctrine of ‘legal socialism’. Its purpose is to prove how anarchism acts as a more than tactical catalyzer for legal socialism, placing the latter not necessarily on a new ideological perspective, but further on the terrain of Romanian political status-quo of late 19th and early 20th century Romania. Although more principled than tactical, Gherea’s repudiation of anarchism in progressively unsubstantial Marxist terms has also led to tactical shortcomings. This was the case of the first Romanian socialist party, which was dissolved and absorbed after only six years of existence within the ascending liberal party.
Unintentional Democratic Backsliders. “Evil Always Wins Through the Strength of its Splendid Dupes”
Authors: Zamęcki Łukasz , Szymański Adam 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This, mainly conceptual, paper concerns the democratic backsliding process, focusing on specific and understudied actors whose actions (or non-actions) unintentionally contribute to the undertakings of autocrats or “would-be autocrats,” instead of concentrating on often analysed incumbents. The authors propose in this regard a concept of “unintentional backsliders,” including its definition, typology, and model of mapping actors who, due to recklessness or negligence, unintentionally support democratic backsliding. The spectrum of such backsliders has been additionally outlined in the case of Poland, the fastest de-democratising country recently — in order to demonstrate that the proposed conceptual framework can be translated into a political reality and has a potential to be applied in empirical studies.
Cities as a Transnational Institutional Bypass of Nation-States
Authors: Szpak Agnieszka , Piechowicz Michał 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The paper will explore the significance of the role cities play in transnational institutional bypass of nation-States. The authors provide examples of cities playing the role of a transnational institutional bypass of nation-States and indicate the circumstances that may compel cities to act as such a bypass and fulfil the nation-State functions. The aim of the paper is to show that cities may successfully bypass nation-States in specific circumstances, including some cases of nation-States being unwilling to act in order to achieve a greater good that is in the interests of people living in a given nation-State or, even on a broader scale, in the interests of mankind. To best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to introduce the concept of an institutional bypass to cities and to construe conditions applicable in such a case.
Accession of the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the East African Community — A Threat to Regional Security or an Opportunity for the Peacebuilding Process?
Authors: Bar Joanna 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The East African Community (EAC) is a regional intergovernmental organisation founded in 1999. It has proved to be successful in improving the economic growth of its member states; it also supports the security of individual member states and the stability of the entire region. The stabilisation capabilities of the Community have been tested through the accession of South Sudan in 2016. The experience of the past six years indicates that the decision to admit South Sudan into the community should be assessed positively, especially in terms of the peacebuilding process in this state. On the 8th April 2022, the Democratic Republic of Congo was admitted to the EAC. Anchoring in a regional block that has been proving its stability for over a dozen years can reduce poverty and spur development in the DRC, both in terms of its economic and political dimensions. This, in turn, in a favourable political environment, can in the future translate into good governance and the building of civil society. For the East African Community, however, the accession of the Democratic Republic of Congo poses a major challenge. The DRC brings a number of unresolved political problems, raising questions about whether the potential gains will outweigh the threat to the stability of the region and the maintenance of the current pace of integration processes. The aim of the article is to try to answer questions about the causes and potential consequences of the decision to carry out this surprising accession process. The analysis presented, a brief case study, attempts to explain that the political rationale behind this decision is not justified by geographical and historical considerations.
Factors that Influence Repeated Participation in Ukrainian Parliamentary Elections: The Impact of the 1990 and 1994 Campaigns
Authors: Pohorila Nataliia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper is the analysis of the repeated participation of the 1990 and 1994 elections candidates in the following 1998–2014 elections. The interest in the long-standing candidates is dictated by the need to better understand which type of political background and political strategy gravitate more to the commencement of a political career at the very beginning of democracy building in Ukraine. The paper hypothesizes that in 1990 having a Communist Nomenklatura background was the determining factor, whereas in 1994, unaffiliated candidates who originated from the „party of power” were the main contenders. The hypotheses are tested using the data on the background and electoral results of the candidates, who started in the 1990 and 1994 electoral campaigns (8,898 candidates in the EAST PaC database). In this study both successful and failed candidates are studied because they all acquire experience of political professional activity. It was found out that the Communist party officials and managers of the state enterprises, who had won in 1990, competed in the following electoral campaigns less often, while unaffiliated directors more often. The affiliation with the left-wing parties in 1994 predicts higher odds that a candidate will repeat his/her attempts to get a seat.1
Rejoinder to Dominiak on Unjust Enrichment and Libertarianism
Authors: Block Walter E. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Dominiak (2022) takes the position that, according to the libertarian philosophy, there should be no such thing as unjust enrichment. If there is, the beneficiary should be legally obligated to jettison his gains in favor of the benefactor. The present paper takes issue with that stance; it maintains that while there is indeed, of course, unjust enrichment, and in many cases the beneficiary must indeed give up his benefits, there are also counter examples in which this is not indicated.
What Affects Debt Enforcement Proceedings? Evidence from the Czech Republic
Authors: Pakši Daniel , Šimek Milan , Vontroba Jakub 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper aims to identify the factors contributing to the unusually high prevalence of over-indebtedness and debt enforcement proceedings in the Czech Republic at the granular geographic level of extended-powers municipalities (ORP). The main reason for this level is simple, not to lose information about differences among the municipalities, since there is quite a sharp contrast even within the same regions. The dependent variable is the share of people with one or more debt enforcement proceedings outstanding against them. We employ a set of explanatory variables including long-term unemployment, socially excluded localities, regional GDP per capita, education level, and a proxy for distance to the local economic center. The results are estimated using panel data regression with random effects, due to the time-invariant nature of certain variables. Because of poor data availability for some variables at this highly localized level, we make several assumptions; for example, we transfer the regional GDP per capita values to all ORPs in the region. Similar problems arise with education level, where we use data from the 2011 national census. Even with these data restrictions, our set of explanatory variables is shown to be statistically significant with the expected coefficient signs. GDP per capita and higher education level have a negative impact on the prevalence of debt enforcement proceedings, while long-term unemployment, the number of socially excluded localities in the area, and the distance-to-center proxy have a positive effect.
Symmetry in the Asymmetric Universe: Remarks on Kayne (2022)
Authors: Liao Wei-wen Roger 
Published: June 2023

AbstractKayne (2022) has proposed that the asymmetry of syntax be built into the fundamental operation of Merge itself. This squib reviews some of his proposals and supporting evidence. Departing from Kayne, this squib hypothesized that the asymmetric patterns mainly lie in the functional domain of syntax, and the lexical domain may remain symmetric either within a language or cross-linguistically. The Functional Asymmetry Hypothesis (FAH) is supported by the global symmetry of the VO/OV word order, the commutative conjunction structures in the lexical domain, and the free ordering of event-internal adverbs. If the observation is on the right track, it suggests that the asymmetry of syntax, while empirically robust, cannot be entirely reduced to the operation Merge.
The Syntax of Mandarin Long Gei Passives Revisited
Authors: Huang Rui-heng Ray 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article examines the syntactic structure of long gei passives in Mandarin Chinese and argues against the prepositional analysis of gei in long passives. Refining the ditransitive verb analysis of Lin and Huang (2015), we propose that gei is an object-control verb which selects a vP complement rather than a CP or IP complement. By providing supporting evidence for the vP analysis through drawing a parallel from object preposing, we show that long gei passives behave on a par with sentences with verbs involving vP complementation like changshi ‘try’, not with those involving IP complementation like jihua ‘plan’. We also show that the ditransitive analysis is supported by syntactic parallels between long gei passives and typical ditransitive sentences in terms of transformation into pseudo-clefts and topicalization of the outer object. The result of this research suggests that two types of object-control structures should be distinguished. One of them involves an IP complement taken by verbs like qiangpo ‘force’, while the other involves a vP complement taken by gei/bei in long passives.
Uma abordagem geral do transtorno obsessivo compulsivo
Authors: Paula Daniel Kling de , Kling Clara Pereira Sá Pinto , Siqueira Emílio Conceição de 
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: Analisar as características do Transtorno Obsessivo Compulsivo (TOC). Revisão bibliográfica: O TOC é uma condição psiquiátrica crônica e frequentemente debilitante, com prevalência de 1 a 2% mundialmente. O TOC é caracterizado pela presença de comportamentos obsessivos além de compulsões de maneira recorrente. Este transtorno geralmente é acompanhado por uma série de comorbidades psiquiátricas, qualidade de vida substancialmente reduzida e adversidade socioeconômica de longo prazo. A incidência de TOC é geralmente mais alta durante a pré-adolescência (início médio de 11 anos) e início da idade adulta. O TOC é frequentemente um transtorno devastador tanto para os pacientes quanto para suas famílias. Considerações finais: O TOC é um grave transtorno neuropsiquiátrico que ocasiona problemas nas atividades diárias, prejudica o funcionamento social, acadêmico e laboral. Nesse contexto, sua identificação precoce é essencial para evitar tais danos. Seu tratamento é feito através da farmacoterapia com inibidores seletivos da recaptação da serotonina como medicamentos de primeira linha e terapia cognitivo comportamental, a qual é primeira escolha para o TOC em crianças e adolescentes. A TCC para o TOC deve envolver exposição e prevenção de resposta.