bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversification Quotients: Quantifying Diversification via Risk Measures
Authors: Han Xia , Lin Liyuan , Wang Ruodu 
Published: January 2025

We establish the first axiomatic theory for diversification indices using six intuitive axioms: nonnegativity, location invariance, scale invariance, rationality, normalization, and continuity. The unique class of indices satisfying these axioms, called the diversification quotients (DQs), are defined based on a parametric family of risk measures. A further axiom of portfolio convexity pins down DQs based on coherent risk measures. The DQ has many attractive properties, and it can address several theoretical and practical limitations of existing indices. In particular, for the popular risk measures value at risk and expected shortfall, the corresponding DQ admits simple formulas, and it is efficient to optimize in portfolio selection. Moreover, it can properly capture tail heaviness and common shocks, which are neglected by traditional diversification indices. When illustrated with financial data, the DQ is intuitive to interpret, and its performance is competitive against other diversification indices. This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: X. Han is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 12301604, 12371471, and 12471449). L. Lin is supported by the Hickman Scholarship from the Society of Actuaries. R. Wang is supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [Grants CRC-2022-00141 and RGPIN-2024-03728] and the Sun Life Research Fellowship. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00513 .
Running trends in Switzerland from 1999 to 2019: An exploratory observational study
Authors: Witthöft Anja , Marcin Thimo , Thuany Mabliny , Scheer Volker , Nikolaidis Pantelis T. , Wilhelm Matthias , Weiss Katja , Rosemann Thomas , Knechtle Beat 
Published: January 2025

Background
Several single race events (5 km, 10 km, half-marathon, marathon, ultra-marathon) in different countries and different years have been analyzed in multiple studies, representing the rising interest in endurance-based activity and thus physical health. With focus on participation numbers, performance or sex difference, many single study results were obtained. The running trends in a whole country covering a longer period of time and several race distances are missing so far.

Objectives
The aim of this study is therefore to examine 5 km, 10 km, half-marathon, marathon and ultra-marathon races by age, sex, participation numbers and performance during two decades (1999–2019) for one country (Switzerland).

Methods
In this exploratory observational study, we analyzed 1,172,836 finishers (370,517 women and 802,319 men) competing between 1999 and 2019 in 5 different race distances in Switzerland. We used publicly available data about the athletes and examined total finishing numbers, sex, age and performances (measured in m/s) via descriptive analyses and linear mixed models. Do-not-finishers were excluded.

Results
The most frequented race was the half-marathon (33.1% of finishers), the less frequented was the ultra-marathon distance (8.5% of finishers). In most recent years, only the number of finishers in ultra-marathon, especially in trail runs increased. In total, there were more male finishers (68.4%) than female finishers (31.6%) and only in 5 km races, more women finished than men (55.3%). Men were faster than women and both sexes were running slower in all race distances across years. Athletes in 10 km races had the best performance within the five analyzed race distances. Median age increased with longer race distance and decreased in ultra-marathon in recent years.

Conclusion
In summary, finishing numbers especially in ultra-marathons increased with a focus on trail runs, female and male athletes had a declining performance across years in all race distances and men ran faster than women. Median age increased with longer race distance leading to more aged endurance-trained athletes. A downtrend in median age is found only in ultra-marathon in recent years. The results are important for athletes, race directors and coaches with regard to training schedules and the trend towards long distance races as well as for the medical attendance especially of older athletes, being more and more interested in endurance running.
Universal parent-focused child sexual abuse prevention: A quasi-experimental protocol
Authors: Abourjaily Ella , Guastaferro Kate , McElwee Kassidy , Connell Christian M. 
Published: January 2025

Background
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a significant public health concern, and there is a lack of universal, evidence-based primary prevention interventions that extend beyond a focus solely on children. Parents remain a consistently underutilized target for primary prevention efforts aimed at mitigating CSA despite their unique relationship and close proximity to their children. CSA risk is not confined to any specific demographic, and its effects on affected children are well-documented, significantly impacting numerous dimensions of their wellbeing. Thus, there is a clear and urgent need to address this gap in prevention strategies.

Methods
This study will use a quasi-experimental design (target N = 412) to examine potential gains in CSA-related awareness and intentions to use protective behaviors among parents who participate in a universal parent-focused CSA prevention workshop, Smarter Parents. Safer Kids., compared to those who do not. Participants in both the control (n = 206) and experimental group (n = 206) will complete 3 survey assessments: Survey 0 (baseline), Survey 1 (1-month), and Survey 2 (3-month follow-up). The experimental group will participate in a Smarter Parents. Safer Kids. workshop between the Surveys 0 and 1. We will use data collected from the baseline to measure potential mediators of CSA-related awareness and intention to use protective and preventive behaviors. In adjacent efforts to enhance the curriculum’s reach with future dissemination and implementation, we will also explore the impact of recruitment materials and strategies on parental engagement.

Conclusion
Results of this study will advance efforts to implement parent-focused CSA prevention with a universal audience.
Long-term health consequences and costs of changes in alcohol consumption in England during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Card-Gowers Joshua , Boniface Sadie , Brown Jamie , Kock Loren , Martin Alexander , Retat Lise , Webber Laura 
Published: January 2025

Background and aims
The COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in alcohol consumption in England. Evidence suggests that one-fifth to one-third of adults increased their alcohol consumption, while a similar proportion reported consuming less. Heavier drinkers increased their consumption the most and there was a 20% increase in alcohol-specific deaths in England in 2020 compared with 2019, a trend continuing through 2021 and 2022. This study aimed to quantify future health, healthcare, and economic impacts of changes in alcohol consumption observed during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
This study used a validated microsimulation model of alcohol consumption and health outcomes. Inputted data were obtained from the Alcohol Toolkit Study, and demographic, health and cost data from published literature and publicly available datasets. Three scenarios were modelled: short, medium, and long-term, where 2020 drinking patterns continue until the end of 2022, 2024, and 2035, respectively. Disease incidence, mortality, and healthcare costs were modelled for nine alcohol-related health conditions. The model was run from 2020 to 2035 for the population of England and different occupational social grade groups.

Results
In all scenarios, the microsimulation projected significant increases in incident cases of disease, premature mortality, and healthcare costs, compared with the continuation of pre-COVID-19 trends. If COVID-19 drinking patterns continue to 2035, we projected 147,892 excess cases of diseases, 9,914 additional premature deaths, and £1.2 billion in excess healthcare costs in England. The projections show that the more disadvantaged (C2DE) occupational social grade groups will experience 36% more excess premature mortality than the least disadvantaged social group (ABC1) under the long-term scenario.

Conclusions
Alcohol harm is projected to worsen as an indirect result of the COVID-19 pandemic and inequalities are projected to widen. Early real-world data corroborate the findings of the modelling study. Increased rates of alcohol harm and healthcare costs are not inevitable but evidence-based policies and interventions are required to reverse the impacts of the pandemic on alcohol consumption in England.
A comparison of disseminated intravascular coagulation scoring systems and their performance to predict mortality in sepsis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kiya Girum Tesfaye , Abebe Gemeda , Mekonnen Zeleke , Tadasa Edosa , Milkias Gedion , Asefa Elsah Tegene 
Published: January 2025

Background
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a common complication in sepsis patients which exacerbates patient outcomes. The prevalence and outcomes of DIC in sepsis is wide-ranging and highly depends on the severity of the disease and diagnostic approaches utilized. Varied diagnostic criteria of DIC have been developed and their performance in diagnosis and prognosis is not consistent. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the score positivity rate and performance of different DIC scoring systems in predicting mortality in sepsis patients.

Methods
Four databases, including Medline (through PubMed), Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for studies that determined DIC in sepsis patients using the three scoring systems namely: the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis DIC (ISTH-DIC) criteria, the Japanese association for acute medicine DIC (JAAM-DIC) criteria, and the sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) criteria. A random-effect meta-analysis was performed with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analysis was conducted in view of geographic region and sepsis stages. the protocol was submitted to the Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with an identifier (CRD42023409614).

Results
Twenty-one studies, published between 2009 and 2024, comprising 9319 sepsis patients were included. The pooled proportion of cases diagnosed as positive using ISTH-DIC criteria, JAAM-DIC criteria, and SIC were 28% (95% CI: 24–34%), 55% (95% CI:42–70%), and 57% (95% CI: 52–78%), respectively. The pooled mortality rates were 44% (95% CI:33–53%), 37% (95% CI: 29–46%), and 35% (95% CI: 29–41%), respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of ISTH-DIC to predict mortality were 0.43 (95% CI: 0.34–0.52), and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.74–0.87), respectively, while for JAAM-DIC it was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.57–0.85) and 0.46 (95% CI: 0.28–0.65), respectively. Pooled sensitivity and specificity for SIC were 0.71 (95% CI: 0.57–0.82) and 0.49 (95% CI: 0.31–0.66), respectively.

Conclusion
The SIC and JAAM-DIC scores exhibited higher sensitivity to identify patients with coagulopathy and predict patient outcomes, and thus are valuable to identify patients for possible treatment at an early stage. The ISTH-DIC score perhaps identified patients at later stages and demonstrated better specificity to predict disease outcomes. Thus, early identification of patients using the SIC and JAAM-DIC scores and later confirmation using the ISTH-DIC score would be beneficial approach for improved management of patients with sepsis.
Outcome comparison of rotational ankle fractures: Supination external rotation versus pronation external rotation
Authors: Lee Min-Su , Lee Gun-Woo , Choi Ji-Hoon , Lee Keun-Bae 
Published: January 2025

Background
Ankle fractures are among the most common types of fractures in the orthopaedic field, and the Lauge-Hansen classification is commonly used to categorize rotational ankle fractures. This study evaluated and compared the clinical and radiological outcomes of surgically treated supination external rotation (SER) and pronation external rotation (PER) injuries of grades III or IV.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed and enrolled 104 patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation for SER or PER injuries classified as Grades III or IV between January 2016 and December 2021, all performed at a single center. Of these, 72 belonged to the SER group and 32 to the PER group. The average postoperative follow-up durations were 31.3 months (range, 24 to 74) for the SER group and 32.1 months (range, 24 to 71) for the PER group. Clinical and radiological outcomes were assessed 24 months after surgery and compared between the two groups. Details of concomitant surgical procedures performed and postoperative complications were also evaluated.

Results
All clinical outcome variables, including the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score, Visual Analog Scale for pain, and ankle range of motion, were comparable between the two groups. Similarly, no statistically significant differences were observed in the development of post-traumatic arthritis or in the frequency of syndesmotic widening 24 months postoperatively. However, the time required for fibular union was significantly longer in the PER group, taking 5.6 ± 2.2 months compared to 3.4 ± 1.3 months in the SER group on average (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that both types of rotational ankle fractures can achieve equivalent clinical and radiological outcomes with surgical treatment. Given the prolonged time to fibular union in the PER group, careful monitoring during postoperative follow-up is required.
Attributes and factors associated with long covid in patients hospitalized for acute COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Minassie Bethlehem Berhanu , Degu Wondwossen Amogne , Etissa Eyob Kebede , Asfeha Natnael Fitsum , Alemayehu Salem Taye , Huluka Dawit Kebede 
Published: January 2025

Background
It is now recognized that many patients have persistent symptoms after recovery from acute COVID-19 infection, an infection caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. This constellation of symptoms known as ‘Long COVID’ may manifest with a wide range of physical and cognitive/psychological symptoms. Few data are available on the prevalence, attributes, and factors associated with Long COVID in Africa.

Method
This was a retrospective review of patients’ electronic medical records from Hallelujah General Hospital (one of the first private hospitals to treat COVID-19 patients). The hospital’s database was searched for patients hospitalized for acute COVID-19 infection from March 2020 to December 2022. Two hundred and forty-seven participants who underwent follow-up beginning four weeks after symptom onset were assessed for Long COVID. Admission and follow-up data were collected using Kobo Toolbox and exported into SPSS 27 for analysis. The relationship between the independent and dependent variables was explored through binary logistic regression.

Results
One hundred seventy-eight (72.1%) participants had at least one persisting symptom 4 weeks post-symptom onset, at a median follow-up time of 35 (IQR 32–40) days. The most frequently reported symptoms were fatigue (41.7%), shortness of breath (31.2%), cough (27.1%), and sleep disturbances (15%). Duration of symptoms more than 7 days before admission [aOR = 1.97; CI95% = 1.04 to 3.75; P = 0.038] and length of stay more than 10 days in the hospital [aOR = 2.62; CI95% = 1.20 to 5.72; P = 0.016] were found to be significantly associated with Long COVID.

Conclusion
There is a high prevalence of Long COVID among patients hospitalized for acute COVID-19. Those who had a longer duration of symptoms before admission and a longer stay in the hospital appear to have a higher risk.
Drottning Sofia Magdalenas läsning. Böcker, konversation, och socialt spel vid det Gustavianska hovet
Authors: Berndtsson Tim 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article examines the role of conversation in aristocratic reading culture in late eighteenth-century Sweden. Taking Queen Sophia Magdalena (1743–1813) as example, the study examines the criticism raised by other members of the royal family against her supposed disinterest in literature. By contextualizing what “reading” meant at the Swedish royal court, and by investigating the catalogue of Sophie Magdalena’s private library, I argue that being judged as “well-read” and “cultivated” was not necessarily as much connected to the time spent reading or the number of volumes owned, as the capacity to converse about literature in a way deemed proper.
Begegnungen mit dem Tod in der norwegischen Gegenwartsdramatik
Authors: Stark Kristina , Krutzinna Leonie , Rottler Kerstin 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
Representations of death have a long tradition in literature. The three plays, Tilbakekomstene by Fredrik Brattberg, Jeg forsvinner by Arne Lygre, and Ikkje direkte råka by Maria Tryti Vennerød, stand as examples of the contemporary Norwegian drama and theatre – with Brattberg’s and Lygre’s literary minimalism and Vennerød’s performative approach. Death on stage is explored from different perspectives – on a personal level, in an anthropological way of looking at society and from a political view. In Tilbakekomstene, nameless parents exposed to their son’s death are stuck in a cycle of disappearing and reappearing as well as reality and illusion – reminiscent of the musical elements of rhythm and repetition. In Jeg forsvinner, the protagonist’s escape is contrasted with those who remain, but finally all the characters realize that they are trapped without hope. Their fear of destruction is portrayed in scenes taking place simultaneously. Ikkje direkte råka. Dagbok 16/4–22/6 2012, referring to the terror attacks in 2011 and the trial at court, addresses the contrast between the individual’s fear of death and the values of a collective We within Norwegian society with all its complexity and ambiguity. More a performance than a play, it consists of blog entries and passages in prose and verse. All three plays lack a straightforward plot, they present simultaneous scenes, static figures, minimal language and a timeless and placeless setting. The rejection of empathy and identification can be seen as a modern concept of memento mori in the 21st century.
Characterizing Homeland Security Risk: A Principal Component Analysis of 10 Hazards
Authors: Lundberg Russell 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This research reduces the number of attributes to describe the varied risks in the homeland security domain using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Reducing the dimensions of homeland security risks to a smaller, more manageable set of characteristics can enhance policy-making processes, especially given the broad spectrum of consequence and non-consequence attributes and the varying frequencies of such events. PCA was used to reduce the larger set of risk attributes to five – representing health, economic, societal, dread and the unknown – or two – representing consequence and perceptual characteristics. While the five-component approach describes the data more completely, the two-component approach also explains a large proportion of the variance of the dataset but does so with a lower cognitive load. Either approach can provide composite variables that describe the homeland security risks in a more efficient fashion without losing excessive information on the risks.
A subspace framework for L
∞ model reduction
Authors: Mengi Emre 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We propose an approach for the

L

∞

${\mathcal{L}}_{\infty }$

model reduction of descriptor systems based on the minimization of the

L

∞

${\mathcal{L}}_{\infty }$

objective by means of smooth optimization techniques. Direct applications of smooth optimization techniques are not feasible even for systems of modest order, since the optimization techniques converge at best at a linear rate requiring too many evaluations of the costly

L

∞

${\mathcal{L}}_{\infty }$

-norm objective to be practical. We replace the original system with a system of smaller order interpolating the original system at points on the imaginary axis, minimize the

L

∞

${\mathcal{L}}_{\infty }$

objective after this replacement, and refine the smaller system based on the minimization. We also describe how asymptotic stability constraints on the reduced system sought can be incorporated into our approach. The numerical experiments illustrate that the approach leads to locally optimal solutions to the

L

∞

${\mathcal{L}}_{\infty }$

model reduction problem, and its capability to deal with systems of order a few ten thousands.
Development of a disease diagnostic model to predict the occurrence of central precocious puberty of female
Authors: Zhao Manman , Feng Guoshuang , Cao Bingyan , Zheng Yannan , Gong Chun-Xiu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To develop a clinical model for predicting the occurrence of Central Precocious Puberty based on the breast development outcomes in chinese girls.

Methods
This is a retrospective study, which included a total of 1,001 girls aged 6–9 years old who visited the outpatient clinic of Beijing Children’s Hospital from January 2017 to October 2022 for “breast development”. Participants were categorized into pubertal development (PD) cohort and simple premature breast development (PT) according to the criteria, and information was collected and tested for relevant indicators. After dealing with missing data, logistic regression, LASSO regression and random forest were used to screen the variables, and support vector machine models were built with SMOTE oversampling and ten-fold cross-validation to assess the effectiveness of the models in the training and validation sets.

Results
1,001 girls were included in the analysis, of whom 369 (36.9 %) were diagnosed with PD and 632 (63.1 %) with PT. Body mass index (BMI), bone age (BA), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), uterine diameter, and ovary volume were identified as the final predictor variables by three variable screening methods. The AUC of the constructed disease diagnostic model was 0.9457 in the developmental cohort and 0.8357 in the external validation group, and sensitivity analyses revealed that the performance of the constructed models with different variable selection strategies was similar.

Conclusions
A disease diagnostic model was developed that may help predict a girl’s risk of diagnosing central precocious puberty.
Influence of conical shaft stiffness on the dynamic characteristics of flexible rotor
Authors: Shi Chenglong , Ma Yanhong , Wang Yongfeng , Chen Xueqi , Hong Jie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To achieve a highly efficient conical shaft design in aviation gas turbine engine’s rotor system, firstly, a 4-DOF cantilevered rotor model is established to investigate the effects of the lateral, angular and cross stiffness of the rotor on the resonance speed of the pitching mode. The results show that increasing the lateral and angular stiffness, while reducing the cross stiffness, is beneficial for raising the critical speed of the pitching mode. Subsequently, using finite element method, the relationships between the cone angle, dimensionless radius, dimensionless span, and the stiffnesses of conical shaft are calculated. It is observed that, under various structural design constraints, the conical shaft with maximum stiffness exhibits different cone angles. Finally, experiments are conducted with flexible rotors featuring conical shafts of varying cone angles to validate the research conclusions. This paper provides guidance for the configuration design of rotors in aero-engine.