bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retigabine suppresses loss of force in mouse models of hypokalaemic periodic paralysis
Authors: Quiñonez Marbella , DiFranco Marino , Wu Fenfen , Cannon Stephen C 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Recurrent episodes of weakness in periodic paralysis are caused by intermittent loss of muscle fibre excitability, as a consequence of sustained depolarization of the resting potential. Repolarization is favoured by increasing the fibre permeability to potassium. Based on this principle, we tested the efficacy of retigabine, a potassium channel opener, to suppress the loss of force induced by a low-K+ challenge in hypokalaemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP). Retigabine can prevent the episodic loss of force in HypoPP. Knock-in mutant mouse models of HypoPP (Cacna1s p.R528H and Scn4a p.R669H) were used to determine whether pre-treatment with retigabine prevented the loss of force, or post-treatment hastened recovery of force for a low-K+ challenge in an ex vivo contraction assay. Retigabine completely prevents the loss of force induced by a 2 mM K+ challenge (protection) in our mouse models of HypoPP, with 50% inhibitory concentrations of 0.8 ± 0.13 μM and 2.2 ± 0.42 μM for NaV1.4-R669H and CaV1.1-R528H, respectively. In comparison, the effective concentration for the KATP channel opener pinacidil was 10-fold higher. Application of retigabine also reversed the loss of force (rescue) for HypoPP muscle maintained in 2 mM K+. Our findings show that retigabine, a selective agonist of the KV7 family of potassium channels, is effective for the prevention of low-K+ induced attacks of weakness and to enhance recovery from an ongoing loss of force in mouse models of type 1 (Cacna1s) and type 2 (Scn4a) HypoPP. Substantial protection from the loss of force occurred in the low micromolar range, well within the therapeutic window for retigabine.
Clostridioides difficile Near-Patient Testing Versus Centralized Testing: A Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Doolan Cody P , Sahragard Babak , Leal Jenine , Sharma Anuj , Kim Joseph , Spackman Eldon , Hollis Aidan , Pillai Dylan R 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Management of suspected Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in the hospital setting typically results in patient isolation, laboratory testing, infection control, and presumptive treatment. We investigated whether implementation of rapid near-patient testing (NPT) reduced patient isolation time, hospital length of stay (LOS), antibiotic usage, and cost.

Methods
A 2-period pragmatic cluster randomized crossover trial was conducted. Thirty-nine wards were randomized into 2 study arms. The primary outcome measure was effect of NPT on patient isolation time using a mixed-effects generalized linear regression model. Secondary outcomes examined were hospital LOS and antibiotic therapy based on a negative binomial regression model. Natural experiment (NE), intention-to-treat (ITT), and per-protocol (PP) analyses were conducted.

Results
During the entire study period, a total of 656 patients received NPT for CDI and 1667 received standard-of-care testing. For the primary outcome, a significant decrease of patient isolation time with NPT was observed (NE, 9.4 hours [P &lt; .01]; ITT, 2.3 hours [P &lt; .05]; PP, 6.7 hours [P &lt; .1]). A significant reduction in hospital LOS was observed with NPT for short stay (NE, 47.4% [P &lt; .01]; ITT, 18.4% [P &lt; .01]; PP, 34.2% [P &lt; .01]). Each additional hour delay for a negative result increased metronidazole use (24 defined daily doses per 1000 patients; P &lt; .05) and non-CDI-treating antibiotics by 70.13 mg (P &lt; .01). NPT was found to save 25.48 US dollars per patient when including test cost to the laboratory and patient isolation in the hospital.

Conclusions
This pragmatic cluster randomized crossover trial demonstrated that implementation of CDI NPT can contribute to significant reductions in isolation time, hospital LOS, antibiotic usage, and healthcare cost.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03857464.
Severe Mpox Infections in People With Uncontrolled Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Govind Anusha , Lazarte Susana M , Kitchell Ellen , Chow Jeremy Y , Estelle Carolee D , Fixsen Emma , Helm Caitlin , Jain Mamta K , Mehta Roma , Perl Trish M , Sutaria Jaini M , Thomas Cristina , Dominguez Arturo R , Utay Netanya S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the current mpox outbreak, infections are usually self-limited. We describe 3 patients with uncontrolled HIV and mpox infections lasting months, causing debilitating lesions, complications, and death, despite initiating anti-mpox and antiretroviral therapy. Delayed treatment of mpox with antiviral agents may contribute to poor outcomes in severely immunocompromised patients.
Collaborative work in a complex case of Fontan for treating intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia and severe aortic stenosis: a case report
Authors: Acatrinei Camélia , Martin-Bonnet Caroline , Rioufol Gilles , Bessière Francis 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntra-atrial reentrant tachycardia (IART) is a frequent arrhythmia in patients with Fontan circulation. Although its supraventricular origin, such arrhythmia can be poorly tolerated as it leads to haemodynamic impairment. Concomitant assessment of pressure/volume overload of cardiac chambers due to valvular disease or residual shunts is necessary.Case summaryWe report the case of a 33-year-old male with Fontan extracardiac conduit, suffering from IART with initial poor haemodynamic tolerance. He had a medical history of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and Type 0 bicuspid aortic valve, with a total of four cardiac surgeries. Echocardiography demonstrated a severe impairment of the univentricular ejection fraction and a critical aortic stenosis. Given the limited medical treatment options of the arrhythmia and the risks of another heart surgery, both IART ablation and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) were performed during the same procedure. The IART critical isthmus located in the antero-lateral region of the extracardiac conduit was effectively treated with radiofrequency. Rapid pacing during TAVR was provided by a catheter placed in the unique ventricle via a transconduit puncture. The aortic valve was deployed with minimal para-valvular regurgitation and a satisfactory transvalvular gradient. At follow-up, the univentricular ejection fraction normalized and no arrhythmic episode was recorded in absence of anti-arrhythmic drugs.DiscussionThis case highlights the need of a collaborative approach for treating complex cases of adult congenital heart disease, suffering from both electrophysiological and haemodynamic disorders. This combination offered an elegant and safest solution for treating concomitantly a life-threatening arrhythmia and an aortic stenosis.
Optimal Fiscal Consolidation Under Frictional Financial Markets
Authors: Silva Dejanir H 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper studies optimal fiscal policy in a currency union subject to capital flow shocks in an economy with two main ingredients: (i) sticky prices and (ii) financially constrained arbitrageurs. Given capital outflows and high external debt, the fiscal authority faces a trade-off between stimulating the economy or paying off external debt. The planner reduces the value-added tax in the short run, while it raises and front-loads the sum of value-added tax and payroll taxes. It is not optimal to use spending to stimulate the economy. The country engages in a fiscal consolidation, as government debt falls compared with a passive fiscal policy.
Effects of endurance exercise training on left ventricular structure in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Morrison Barbara N , George Keith , Kreiter Elizabeth , Dixon Duncan , Rebello Lyndon , Massarotto Raffaele J , Cote Anita T 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Aims
To determine the impact of endurance training (ET) interventions on left ventricular (LV) chamber size, wall thickness, and mass in healthy adults.

Methods and results
Electronic databases including CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane library, and EBM Reviews were searched up to 4 January 2022. Criteria for inclusion were healthy females and/or males (&gt;18 years), ET intervention for ≥2 weeks, and studies reporting pre- and post-training LV structural parameters. A random-effects meta-analysis with heterogeneity, publication bias, and sensitivity analysis was used to determine the effects of ET on LV mass (LVM) and diastolic measures of interventricular septum thickness (IVSd), posterior wall thickness (PWTd), and LV diameter (LVDd). Meta-regression was performed on mediating factors (age, sex, training protocols) to assess their effects on LV structure. Eighty-two studies met inclusion criteria (n = 1908; 19–82 years, 33% female). There was a significant increase in LVM, PWTd, IVSd, and LVDd following ET [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.444, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.361, 0.527; P &lt; 0.001; SMD = 0.234, 95% CI: 0.159, 0.309; P &lt; 0.001; SMD = 0.237, 95% CI: 0.159, 0.316; P &lt; 0.001; SMD = 0.249, 95% CI:0.173, 0.324; P &lt; 0.001, respectively]. Trained status, training type, and age were the only mediating factors for change in LVM, where previously trained, mixed-type training, young (18–35 years), and middle-aged (36–55 years) individuals had the greatest change compared with untrained, interval-type training, and older individuals (&gt;55 years). A significant increase in wall thickness was observed in males, with a similar augmentation of LVDd in males and females. Trained individuals elicited an increase in all LV structures and ET involving mixed-type training and rowing and swimming modalities conferred the greatest increase in PWTd and LVDd.

Conclusion
Left ventricular structure is significantly increased following ET. Males, young and trained individuals, and ET interventions involving mixed training regimes elicit the greatest changes in LV structure.
Do you love your phone more than your child? The consequences of norms and guilt around maternal smartphone use
Authors: Wolfers Lara N , Wendt Ruth , Becker Daniela , Utz Sonja 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Previous research mainly linked smartphone use while parenting to adverse consequences. However, smartphones also offer helpful resources for parents, especially in stressful situations. We suggested that negative norms against maternal smartphone use and associated feelings of guilt may inhibit effective smartphone use for coping with stress. In a 1-week experience sampling study with mothers of young children (N = 158), we found that more negative injunctive but not more negative descriptive norms around maternal smartphone use were related to increased situational guilt around smartphone use while parenting. Increased situational guilt was, in turn, associated with decreased perceived coping efficacy but not with less stress decrease. Situational guilt—aggregated on the individual level—related to reduced satisfaction with the mother role. Our results show that positive and negative smartphone use effects are intertwined and that feelings around media use can impact media effects.
Vaccine hesitancy among health-care professionals in the era of COVID-19
Authors: Pikkel Geva Hagar Z , Gershgoren Harel , Nir Dana , Khazen Maram , Rose Adam J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Health-care professionals (HCPs) are key trusted figures in addressing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) challenges. They are thought to influence others’ health decisions by personal example. However, during the COVID-19 crisis, some HCPs hesitated to be vaccinated. We examined factors contributing to that decision. We performed 12 semi-structured interviews, between February and May 2021, with Israeli HCPs who had declined or delayed COVID-19 vaccination. Three coders conducted a combined top-down and bottom-up analysis. We identified four main themes shaping vaccine decision-making: (i) sources of information, (ii) perceptions of necessity and risks of the vaccine, (iii) individual versus collective responsibility and (iv) political climate and media influence. Participants were worried about long-term effectiveness and safety, and while many agreed that high-risk populations should be vaccinated, all considered themselves to be at low risk for serious disease. Some felt they should avoid taking a perceived risk (accepting a new vaccine) to protect society, although they felt pressured to do so. Vaccination campaign politization and the way the media approached the subject also contributed to mistrust and hesitancy to be vaccinated. These findings help us understand HCP beliefs and uncertainties about COVID-19 vaccinations. This study can help inform future campaigns targeted at HCPs to promote the acceptance of vaccines.
CsTRM5regulates fruit shape via mediating cell division direction and cell expansion in cucumber
Authors: Xie Yang , Liu Xiaofeng , Sun Chengzhen , Song Xiaofei , Li Xiaoli , Cui Haonan , Guo Jingyu , Liu Liu , Ying Ao , Zhang Zeqin , Zhu Xueyun , Yan Liying , Zhang Xiaolan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFruit shape and size are important appearance and yield traits in cucumber, but the underlying genes and their regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we identified a mutant with spherical fruits from an Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized library, named the qiu mutant. Compared with the cylindrical fruit shape in 32X (wild type), the fruit shape in qiu was round due to reduced fruit length and increased fruit diameter. MutMap analysis narrowed the candidate gene in the 6.47 MB range on Chr2, harboring the FS2.1 locus reported previously. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (11359603) causing a truncated protein of CsaV3_2G013800, the homolog of tomato fruit shape gene SlTRM5, may underlie the fruit shape variation in the qiu mutant. Knockout of CsTRM5 by the CRISPR-Cas9 system confirmed that CsaV3_2G013800/CsTRM5 was the causal gene responsible for qiu. Sectioning analysis showed that the spherical fruit in qiu resulted mainly from increased and reduced cell division along the transverse and longitudinal directions, respectively. Meanwhile, the repressed cell expansion contributed to the decreased fruit length in qiu. Transcriptome profiling showed that the expression levels of cell-wall-related genes and abscisic acid (ABA) pathway genes were significantly upregulated in qiu. Hormone measurements indicated that ABA content was greatly increased in the qiu mutant. Exogenous ABA application reduced fruit elongation by inhibiting cell expansion in cucumber. Taken together, these data suggest that CsTRM5 regulates fruit shape by affecting cell division direction and cell expansion, and that ABA participates in the CsTRM5-mediated cell expansion during fruit elongation in cucumber.
A firm’s creation of proprietary knowledge linked to the knowledge spilled over from its research publications: the case of artificial intelligence
Authors: Jee Su Jung , Sohn So Young 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the mechanism by which knowledge spilled over from a firm’s research publication consequently spills into the focal firm as a form of proprietary knowledge when it is engaged in an emerging science-related technology. We define the knowledge spillover pool (KSP) as an evolving group of papers citing a paper published by a firm. Focusing on the recent development of artificial intelligence, on which firms have published actively, we compare the KSP conditions related to the increase in patents created by the focal firm with those created by external actors. Using a Cox regression and subsequent contrast test, we find that both an increasing KSP and an increasing similarity between the idea published by the focal firm and KSP are positively related to the proprietary knowledge creation of both the focal firm and external actors, with such relations being significantly stronger for the focal firm than for external actors. On the contrary, an increasing proportion of industry papers in the KSP are positively associated with the proprietary knowledge creation not only by the focal firm but also by external actors to a similar degree. We contribute to the literature on selective revealing and to the firms’ publishing strategies.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of polymyxin B in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae murine infection models
Authors: van der Meijden Aart , Aranzana-Climent Vincent , van der Spek Heleen , de Winter Brenda C M , Couet William , Meletiadis Joseph , Muller Anouk E , van den Berg Sanne 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Although polymyxin B has been in use since the late 1950s, there have been limited studies done to unravel its pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) index.

Methods
We determined, in neutropenic infected mice, the PK, plasma protein binding and PK/PD index best correlating with efficacy for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains.

Results
The pharmacokinetic profile showed non-linear PK; dose was significantly correlated with absorption rate and clearance. The inhibitory sigmoid dose–effect model for the fCmax/MIC index of E. coli fitted best, but was only modestly higher than the R2 of %fT&gt;MIC and fAUC/MIC (R2 0.91–0.93). For K. pneumoniae the fAUC/MIC index had the best fit, which was slightly higher than the R2 of %fT&gt;MIC and fCmax/MIC (R2 0.85–0.91). Static targets of polymyxin B fAUC/MIC were 27.5–102.6 (median 63.5) and 5.9–60.5 (median 11.6) in E. coli and in K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively. A 1 log kill effect was only reached in two E. coli isolates and one K. pneumoniae. The PTA with the standard dosing was low for isolates with MIC &gt;0.25 mg/L.

Conclusions
This study confirms that fAUC/MIC can describe the exposure–response relationship for polymyxin B. The 1 log kill effect was achieved in the minority of the isolates whereas polymyxin B PK/PD targets cannot be attained for the majority of clinical isolates with the standard dosing regimen, indicating that polymyxin B may be not effective against serious infections as monotherapy.
Deep-learning-based fault detection and recipe optimization for a plastic injection molding process under the class-imbalance problem
Authors: Ko Jin Uk , Lee Jinwook , Kim Taehun , Kim Yong Chae , Youn Byeng D 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a supervised learning with a class-balancing loss function (SL-CBL) approach for fault detection and feature-similarity-based recipe optimization (FSRO) for a plastic injection molding process. SL-CBL is a novel method that can accurately classify an input sample as a normal or fault condition, even when the training data are severely class-imbalanced. The proposed class-balancing loss function consists of the weighted focal loss and the loss of the F1 score; together, these are used to correctly classify even a small number of faulty samples. SL-CBL is investigated with four classifiers of different structures; the classifiers consist of several fully connected and batch normalization layers. FSRO is an optimization scheme that finds the optimal recipe whose feature is similar to the features of normal samples. The optimal solution is obtained by minimizing the Euclidean distance to the centroid of the normal features. In this research, the proposed SL-CBL and FSRO methods are validated by applying them to an industrial plastic injection molding dataset. The validation results show that the proposed SL-CBL approach achieves the highest F1 score with the lowest misclassification rate, as compared to the alternative methods. When visualizing the feature space, the optimal recipe found by the FSRO scheme was found to be close to the centroid of the normal features, even if the initial recipe is classified as a fault. Furthermore, each variable of the optimized recipe lies within the confidence interval of 3${\rm{\sigma }}$ for the normal condition. This indicates that the optimal recipe is statistically similar to the normal samples.
Biology and Management of Lesser Mealworm Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Broiler Houses
Authors: Sammarco Ben C , Hinkle Nancy C , Crossley Michael S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), the lesser mealworm, is a ubiquitous generalist &#x2028;pest of poultry broiler and layer facilities, originating in southern Africa and now found worldwide. They spend their full life cycle within the litter and manure of poultry, causing structural damage to poultry houses, injuring birds, and acting as a reservoir for several avian pathogens, notably Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli. Management commonly consists of spraying walls and floors of poultry houses with organophosphates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, or spinosyns between flocks, and periodic removal and replacement of litter. Populations have been observed to become resistant to specific insecticides after ca. 10 yr of consistent use and exhibit cross resistance to insecticides of the same mode of action. Alternative cultural and biological control methods have been identified but are not currently implemented. More research is needed regarding the economic impact of A. diaperinus, the mechanisms of its insecticide resistance, and patterns and mechanisms of colonization for effective integrated pest management programs to be devised and implemented.
An integrated abundance model for estimating county-level prevalence of opioid misuse in Ohio
Authors: Hepler Staci A , Kline David M , Bonny Andrea , McKnight Erin , Waller Lance A 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOpioid misuse is a national epidemic and a significant drug-related threat to the United States. While the scale of the problem is undeniable, estimates of the local prevalence of opioid misuse are lacking, despite their importance to policy-making and resource allocation. This is due, in part, to the challenge of directly measuring opioid misuse at a local level. In this paper, we develop a Bayesian hierarchical spatio-temporal abundance model that integrates indirect county-level data on opioid-related outcomes with state-level survey estimates on prevalence of opioid misuse to estimate the latent county-level prevalence and counts of people who misuse opioids. A simulation study shows that our integrated model accurately recovers the latent counts and prevalence. We apply our model to county-level surveillance data on opioid overdose deaths and treatment admissions from the state of Ohio. Our proposed framework can be applied to other applications of small area estimation for hard to reach populations, which is a common occurrence with many health conditions such as those related to illicit behaviours.