bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optikuskompression bei endokriner Orbitopathie
Authors: Garip Kuebler Aylin , Halfter Kathrin , Klingenstein Annemarie , Neuhann Lukas , Enders Christian , Priglinger Siegfried , Hintschich Christoph 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Im klinischen Alltag sind die Diagnose und die Behandlung der Optikuskompression bei endokriner Orbitopathie (EO) immer noch eine große Herausforderung. In dieser Studie untersuchen wir die funktionellen Ergebnisse in Bezug auf den bestkorrigierten Visus (BCVA) und Gesichtsfeld(GF)-Defekte bei N.-opticus-Kompression (OK) bei den Patienten mit EO.

Patienten und Methoden
In diese retrospektive Studie wurden 51 Patienten (96 Augen) mit der Diagnose einer gesicherten OK zwischen 2010 und 2020 eingeschlossen.

Ergebnisse
Nach der Diagnose wurden 16 Patienten (27 Augen) ausschließlich konservativ nur mit einer Steroidstoßtherapie behandelt, 67 Augen erhielten zusätzlich eine chirurgische orbitale Dekompression, während 1 Patient (2 Augen) beide Behandlungsmethoden ablehnte. Bei 74 Augen (77,1 %) wurde eine Verbesserung des Visus ≥ 2 Linien nach der Behandlung über einen mittleren Zeitraum von 31,7 Wochen dokumentiert. Es zeigte sich nur bei 22 (27,2 %) der 81 Augen ein kompletter Rückgang der GF-Defekte (mittlerer Zeitraum: 9,9 Wochen). Als wir die Analyse auf Patienten beschränkten, bei denen die letzte Untersuchung mindestens 6 Monate zurücklag, stellten wir fest, dass 33 Augen (61,1 %) von 54 Augen immer noch einen GF-Defekt aufwiesen.

Schlussfolgerung
Anhand unserer Daten zeigten mehr als die Hälfte der Patienten mit Optikuskompression (61,5 %) eine sehr gute Prognose mit einem endgültigen BCVA ≥ 0,8 bei der letzten Untersuchung. Allerdings zeigten nur 22 Augen (27,2 %) eine unauffällige Gesichtsfelduntersuchung, während 33 Augen (61,1 %) nach einer Nachbeobachtungszeit von mindestens 6 Monaten Restdefekte hatten. Diese Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass sich der Visus zwar sehr gut rehabilitiert, die Optikuskompression bei EO jedoch bei den meisten Patienten unabhängig von der Behandlungsmethode Spuren im Gesichtsfeld hinterlässt.
Patient-reported outcome measures in drugs for neurological conditions approved by European Medicines Agency 2017–2022
Authors: Ciani Oriana , Meregaglia Michela , Battaglia Mario Alberto , Brichetto Gianpaolo , Conte Antonella , Gasperini Claudio , Sansone Valeria 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Regulatory agencies have been responsive to public demand for inclusion of the patient experience in evaluating and approving therapies. Over the years, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have become increasingly prevalent in clinical trial protocols; however, their influence on regulators, payers, clinicians, and patients’ decision-making is not always clear. We recently conducted a cross-sectional study aimed at investigating the use of PROMs in new regulatory approvals of drugs for neurological conditions between 2017 and 2022 in Europe.

Methods
We reviewed European Public Assessment Reports (EPARs) and recorded on a predefined data extraction form whether they considered PROMs, their characteristics (e.g., primary/secondary endpoint, generic/specific instrument) and other relevant information (e.g., therapeutic area, generic/biosimilar, orphan status). Results were tabulated and summarized by means of descriptive statistics.

Results
Of the 500 EPARs related to authorized medicines between January 2017 and December 2022, 42 (8%) concerned neurological indications. Among the EPARs of these products, 24 (57%) reported any use of PROMs, typically considered as secondary (38%) endpoints. In total, 100 PROMs were identified, of which the most common were the EQ-5D (9%), the SF-36 (6%), or its shorter adaptation SF-12, the PedsQL (4%).

Conclusions
Compared to other disease areas, neurology is one where the use of patient-reported outcomes evidence is inherently part of the clinical evaluation and for which core outcome sets exist. Better harmonization of the instruments recommended for use would facilitate the consideration of PROMs at all stages in the drug development process.
Natural Course of Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CSB): a 1-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Castro-Calvo Jesús , Ballester-Arnal Rafael , Giménez-García Cristina , García-Barba Marta , Gil-Llario María Dolores 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite the recognition of compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) as a diagnostic entity in the ICD-11, few works have reported on its natural course. The aim of this study was to explore the natural course of CSB over a 1-year period, as well as to analyze the predictive power of different risk factors. A convenience sample of 154 young adults were assessed at baseline and after 1 year. Dimensionally, we found that scores on most CSB symptoms significantly decreased at 1 year (d between .20 and .35). On the contrary, severity of problematic use of online sexual activities increased (d = 0.22). Regression analyses revealed that sexual orientation (being bisexual) and religious beliefs (atheist) were significant predictors of the trajectory of CSB. However, after controlling for baseline levels of CSB, only openness to experience (β between − .167 and − .199), sexual sensation seeking (β between .169 and .252), anxiety (β = .363), and depression (β between .163 and .297) predicted an increased risk of CSB over time. Categorically, diagnostic consistency of CSB at 1 year was modest. These findings suggest that the natural course of CSB tends to be highly transient and inconsistent, and that classic risk factors for its occurrence have a limited predictive power over its natural course.
Heightened sensitivity to high-calorie foods in children at risk for obesity: insights from behavior, neuroimaging, and genetics
Authors: Rapuano Kristina M. , Tejavibulya Link , Dinc Eda Naz , Li Anfei , Davis Haley , Korn Rachel , Leibel Rudolph L. , Walsh B. Timothy , Ranzenhofer Lisa , Rosenbaum Michael , Casey B. J. , Mayer Laurel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPediatric obesity is a major public health concern. Genetic susceptibility and increased availability of energy-dense food are known risk factors for obesity. However, the extent to which these factors jointly bias behavior and neural circuitry towards increased adiposity in children remains unclear. While undergoing fMRI, 108 children (ages 5-11y) performed a food-specific go/no-go task. Participants were instructed to either respond (“go”) or inhibit responding (“no-go”) to images of food or toys. Half of the runs depicted high-calorie foods (e.g., pizza) whereas the other half depicted low-calorie foods (e.g., salad). Children were also genotyped for a DNA polymorphism associated with energy intake and obesity (FTO rs9939609) to examine the influence of obesity risk on behavioral and brain responses to food. Participants demonstrated differences in behavioral sensitivity to high- and low-calorie food images depending on task demands. Participants were slower but more accurate at detecting high- (relative to low-) calorie foods when responding to a neutral stimulus (i.e., toys) and worse at detecting toys when responding to high-calorie foods. Inhibition failures were accompanied by salience network activity (anterior insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex), which was driven by false alarms to food images. Children at a greater genetic risk for obesity (dose-dependent model of the FTO genotype) demonstrated pronounced brain and behavioral relationships such that genetic risk was associated with heightened sensitivity to high-calorie food images and increased anterior insula activity. These findings suggest that high-calorie foods may be particularly salient to children at risk for developing eating habits that promote obesity.
Influence of Environmental Conditions on Mytilus trossulus Size Frequency Distributions in Two Glacially Influenced Estuaries
Authors: LaBarre Amy , Konar Brenda , Iken Katrin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Pacific blue mussel (Mytilus trossulus) is a foundation species in high-latitude intertidal and estuarine systems that creates complex habitats, provides sediment stability, is food for top predators, and links the water column and the benthos.M. trossulusalso makes an ideal model species to assess biological responses to environmental variability; specifically, its size frequency distributions can be influenced by the environment in which it lives. Mussels that inhabit estuaries in high latitudes receive freshwater runoff from snow and glacial-fed rivers or can be under oceanic influence. These hydrographic conditions work together with local static environmental characteristics, such as substrate type, fetch, beach slope, distance to freshwater, and glacial discharge to influence mussel demographics. In 2019 and 2020, mussels were collected from two Gulf of Alaska ecoregions to determine whether mussel size frequencies change over spatial (local and ecoregional) and hydrographic scales and whether any static environmental characteristics correlate with this variability. This study demonstrated that mussel size frequencies were most comparable at sites with similar hydrographic conditions, according to the ecoregion and year they were collected. Hydrographic conditions explained approximately 43% of the variation in mussel size frequencies for both years, for the combined ecoregions. Mussel recruits (0–2 mm) were more abundant at sites with higher fetch, while large mussels (> 20 mm) were more abundant at more protected sites. Fetch and freshwater influence explained most of the variation in mussel size frequencies for both years and across both ecoregions, while substrate and slope were also important in 2019 and glacial influence in 2020. This study suggests that hydrographic and static environmental conditions may play an important role in structuring mussel sizes. Although differences in mussel size frequencies were found depending on environmental conditions, mussel sizes showed little difference across differing types of freshwater influence, and so they may be resilient to changes associated with melting glaciers.
Metformin as a Fetal Hemoglobin Inducer in Non-transfusion Dependent Thalassemia Patients
Authors: ElTagui Mona , El-Ghamrawy Mona , AlDeeb Shareef Karam , Nassim Mariam Saad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNon-transfusion dependent thalassemia (NTDT) refers to a group of thalassemic disorders who do not need regular transfusions for survival, however it may be needed in certain conditions. Metformin was reported as a potential fetal hemoglobin (HbF) inducing agent in vitro but its efficacy and safety in vivo was not fully studied. This is a prospective interventional study aimed at studying the effect of metformin on HbF change in NTDT. Methods: Patients with established diagnosis of NTDT were enrolled. They were receiving a stable fixed dose of Hydroxyurea over the last 3 months. Patients were divided into two groups: a group that received Metformin for 6 months (Metformin group) and a control group. Complete blood picture, reticulocytic count, hemoglobin electrophoresis, liver enzymes, bilirubin, kidney functions, LDH and random blood sugar were performed at onset, 3 and 6 months of the study. All adverse events were recorded. Results: Forty two patients aged 12–23 years were enrolled. Metformin intake over 6 months did not show any statistically significant difference in clinical or the laboratory variables of efficacy when compared to the control group apart from reticulocytic count which was higher in Metformin group throughout the study. Conclusion: Metformin intake, in addition to hydroxyurea, did not yield any extra benefit among patients with NTDT.
Robot’s Inner Speech Effects on Human Trust and Anthropomorphism
Authors: Pipitone Arianna , Geraci Alessandro , D’Amico Antonella , Seidita Valeria , Chella Antonio 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Inner Speech is an essential but also elusive human psychological process that refers to an everyday covert internal conversation with oneself. We argued that programming a robot with an overt self-talk system that simulates human inner speech could enhance both human trust and users’ perception of robot’s anthropomorphism, animacy, likeability, intelligence and safety. For this reason, we planned a pre-test/post-test control group design. Participants were divided in two different groups, one experimental group and one control group. Participants in the experimental group interacted with the robot Pepper equipped with an over inner speech system whereas participants in the control group interacted with the robot that produces only outer speech. Before and after the interaction, both groups of participants were requested to complete some questionnaires about inner speech and trust. Results showed differences between participants’ pretest and post-test assessment responses, suggesting that the robot’s inner speech influences in participants of experimental group the perceptions of animacy and intelligence in robot. Implications for these results are discussed.
Geotechnical properties of hazardous landfill leachate-contaminated sand
Authors: Khodary Safia M. , Chihiro Yoshimura , Tawfik Ahmed 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany industrial activities dispose of their waste in the sand soil of the El-Khatatba region of Egypt. There is a need to reuse the site in building markets and shopping stores. Because it is difficult to obtain leachate from an open dumping site, we use hazardous landfill leachate (HLL) from an industrial waste landfill to identify changes in the geotechnical properties of soil. The HLL was obtained from Al-Nasreya Center, Alexandria, Egypt. This study, therefore, was directed to assess the effects of HLL on the geotechnical properties of the poor-graded sand (SP) soil. The natural sand was artificially mixed with HLL at different concentrations of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The results revealed that the permeability coefficient (k) of the natural sand decreased significantly from 1.28 × 10−2 to 0.8 × 10−2 cm/s when HLL concentration increased to 100%. Similarly, HLL contamination obviously reduced the angle of internal friction (φ) of sand. The optimum moisture content (OMC) of the natural sand decreased from 12 to 10%. In contrast, the maximum dry unit weight (MDD) of the natural sand increased slightly from 18.33 to 18.9 kN/m3 due to the increase of HLL concentrations from 0 to 100%. The change in the sand structure was interpreted by detailed analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Based on these findings, HLL was found to modify the geotechnical properties of the studied sand.
Disentangling the Effects of Knowledge Spillovers and Family Firm Nature on Innovative Performance: a Multilevel Approach
Authors: Rodríguez-Gulías María Jesús , Fernández-López Sara , Rodeiro-Pazos David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe idiosyncrasies of family firms (FFs) may enable or hamper their ability to exploit the region’s knowledge spillovers. To the date, this issue has not been addressed by the literature. The purpose of this paper is twofold: firstly, to explore whether FF nature influences on firm innovative performance by acknowledging the fact that firm innovation happens in a certain location where firms are exposed to knowledge spillovers; and secondly, to analyse whether FF management plays a moderating role in the effects of regional knowledge spillovers on innovative outcomes. We used multilevel modelling and panel data methodology in a sample of 1191 Spanish manufacturing firms over the period 2009–2016. By applying multilevel analysis and panel data methods, the results indicate that being part of a family group increases innovative performance, and this effect seems to be even more important in regions with low technological or human capital resources.
The effect of climate change on surface and groundwater resources using WEAP-MODFLOW models
Authors: Sheikha-BagemGhaleh Simin , Babazadeh Hossein , Rezaie Hossein , Sarai-Tabrizi Mahdi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn addressing management scenarios and climate changes, it is necessary to consider surface water and groundwater resources as an integrated system. In this context, the present research first simulates and evaluates surface water and groundwater simultaneously; then, it examines the possible effects of climate change on these water resources in the study area (Mahabad, Northwest of Iran). In the first stage, the WEAP-MODFLOW model was applied to a 10-year period (2006–2015) in order to take into account the interactions between surface water and groundwater and calibrate the amount of recharge and drainage from the aquifer. In the second stage, in order to study the effect of climate change on surface water and groundwater resources, we compared the micro-scale model outputs under the RCP4.5 scenario for different climate change models in the period 2021–2045. The results show that root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) scores are equal to 0.89 and 0.79 in unsteady conditions, respectively, which confirm the efficient performance of groundwater simulation. In addition, the results of the WEAP model based on MARE assessment criteria for calibration and validation modes are equal to 0.54 and 54.0, respectively. This finding provides evidence for the efficient performance of the simulation model. Once the interactions between groundwater and surface water were specified, the results R2 and NS suggested that indices were equal to 0.62 and 0.59, respectively, for Mahabad hydrometric station. The efficient performance of the proposed model for runoff simulation was therefore confirmed. Owing to climate change in the study period, groundwater decreased by about 1.6–1.9 m. Moreover, the amount of runoff declined from 0.1 to 0.001 MCM/month in all months except December. Unless appropriate decisions are taken to improve groundwater and strategies are applied to reduce the effect of climate change, under the present conditions this region will suffer irreparable damages in the future.
Evaluating climatic change effects on EC and runoff in the near future (2020–2059) and far future (2060–2099) in arid and semi-arid watersheds
Authors: Adib Arash , Haidari Babak , Lotfirad Morteza , Sasani Hossein 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of climate change on the runoff and electrical conductivity (EC) of the Marun watershed. It used 35 general circulation models (GCMs) and the identification of unit hydrographs and component flows from rainfall, evaporation and streamflow data (IHACRES) rainfall-runoff model for the hydrological simulation. Moreover, a non-parametric regression model based on the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) was utilized to estimate the EC under representative concentration pathway RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios in the near future F1 (2020–2059) and far future F2 (2060–2099) periods. Also, it used the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method to determine the best GCMs for each region and the k-nearest neighbors (KNN) technique to combine the temperature (Tmean) and precipitation (PCP) outputs and reduce the GCM uncertainty in each cell. According to the results, the highest increase of EC relative to the historical period (1966–2005) that will occur in the F1 period under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios is 17.43% and 15.6%, and for the F2 period is 18.46% and 11.2%, respectively, during autumn. The changes of annual Tmean, PCP, runoff, and EC in F1 period are 8.6%, 2.1%,  − 10.7%, and  − 11%, respectively, under the RCP4.5 scenario and 10.5%, 5.9%,  − 3.5%, and  − 12.2%, respectively, under the RCP8.5 scenario. The same values for the F2 period are 12.9%,  − 0.1%,  − 14.9%, and  − 10%, respectively, under the RCP4.5 scenario and 22.6%, 5.2%, 1.2%, and  − 12.8%, respectively, under the RCP8.5 scenario relative to the historical period.
Spatio-temporal evaluation of trace element contamination using multivariate statistical techniques and health risk assessment in groundwater, Khulais, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khan Mohd Yawar Ali , ElKashouty Mohamed , Khan Nazia , Subyani Ali Mohammad , Tian Fuqiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGroundwater is the only freshwater source for agriculture and domestic use in the Khulais region of Saudi Arabia (SA). Anthropogenic activities, particularly agricultural runoff and lithogenic sources cause groundwater contamination, posing health risks to all generations (infant, child, and adult) via ingestion, dermal, and inhalation exposure routes. The configuration of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health concerns posed by contaminated water is, thus, a time-sensitive requirement. This study uses multivariate statistical techniques to assess health risks and to identify health impacts and pollution sources. Sampling of groundwater at nineteen sampling sites was carried out in two seasons (winter and summer) of 2021. The samples were analyzed for major ions and toxic metals. Results show that the average hazard quotient (HQ) and health hazard index (HHI) in infants was higher than 1 for most of toxic metal in both the seasons. The health risks associated with ingestion were significantly higher than those associated with the dermal and inhalation pathways. The aquifer’s carcinogenic risk ranged from high to extremely high in terms of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) concentrations. The estimated health risk values may have a negative impact on people’s health, which suggests that active aquifer management should be implemented. Multivariate statistical analyses were accomplished to determine the primary contamination sources in the aquifer system. The total dissolved solid (TDS) correlated strongly among chloride (Cl−), sulphate (SO42−), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), iron (Fe), strontium (Sr), fluoride (F−) and bromide (Br−), which caused by seawater intrusion within winter and summer seasons. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) identifies two clusters and one independent case within the summer and winter seasons. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant variations in the concentrations of Mg2+, Aluminum (Al), Cobalt (Co), Cr, Ni, and Pb in winter, while TDS, electrical conductivity (EC), Cl−, SO42−, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr, F− and Br− in summer. This research demonstrates that aquifer cleanup and management protocols should be implemented, encouraged, and maintained. Applying the best hygienic practices and pre-clean-up of polluted groundwater is recommended before application for different purposes.