bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy-based localization of positive solutions for stationary Kirchhoff-type equations and systems
Authors: Kolun Nataliia , Precup Radu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we are concerned with positive solutions for the Dirichlet
boundary value problem for equations and systems of Kirchhoff type. We
obtain existence and localization results of positive solutions using
Krasnosel’skiĭ’s fixed point theorem in cones and a weak Harnack-type
inequality. The localization is given in terms of energy norm, being of
interest from a physical point of view. In the case of systems, the results
on the localization are established componentwise using the vector version
of Krasnosel’skiĭ’s theorem, which allows some of the equations of the
system to satisfy the compression condition and others the expansion one.
Green-processed nano-biocomposite (ZnO–TiO2): Potential candidates for biomedical applications
Authors: Ahmed Naireen , Tanveer Kiran , Younas Zohaib , Yousaf Tayyaba , Ikram Muhammad , Raja Naveed Iqbal , Mashwani Zia-ur-Rehman , Alghamdi Saad , Al-Moraya Issa Saad , Shesha Nashwa Talaat 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Nanotechnology investigates different promising methodologies in the space of material sciences on a sub-atomic level. Novel methodologies are expected for the accomplishment of protected and successful helpful medicines past the traditional ones, and society needs new prerequisites for innovations, moving towards perfect and green innovation improvement. This review study deals with topics related to green nanotechnology for the investigation of different assays such as anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-larval, and microbial. The confirmation of nanocomposite will be conformed using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction to determine the size, shape, and supporting material to stabilize and cap the agent. However, the biomedical application of the ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite is also discussed. Furthermore, to their remarkable biocompatibility, ZnO/TiO2 has shown significant potential in bio-imaging, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. The biological activities of the green-produced nanoparticles are strong and they are employed in several biological applications across various assays. The current review covers the creation and most recent developments of bio-nanocomposite materials from plant sources (such as leaves, stems, bark, roots, rhizomes, fruits, flowers, and seeds), as well as their anti-cancer, diabetes-related, and anti-larval activities. This is followed by a thorough discussion of their mechanisms of action.
A study of the void surface healing mechanism in 316LN steel
Authors: Qin Min , Liu Jiansheng , Li Jingdan , Zhang Xuezhong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The behavior of void surface healing in 316LN steel samples undergoing thermal plasticity deformation was investigated using the Gleeble 1500 thermomechanical simulator. The characterization of the void surface after plastic deformation was analyzed under different deformation temperatures, deformation amounts, and holding time durations. The morphology evolution and microstructure of the void surface healing zone during thermal plasticity deformation and holding time duration stage were analyzed using electron back scatter diffraction imaging. The mechanism of void surface healing under thermal plasticity deformation was investigated. It was found that the degree of void surface healing increases with the degree of deformation and the duration of the holding time. Dynamic recrystallization occurred continuously at the void surface, resulting in a plethora of crystal defects and a substantial amount of energy. These conditions were conducive to atomic diffusion and migration, thereby promoting the healing process of the void surface. Maintaining high temperature after deformation can continue to provide energy for the diffusion and migration of atoms, promotes the growth of recrystallized grains, and gradually heals the void surface.
Excessive weight gain among preschool children during the COVID-19 lockdown in China: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Huang Lili , Xiong Fei , Pan Lingfei , Wu Jinhui , He Guoqian , Xiong Tao , Li Ping 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to analyse weight change and risk factors associated with excessive weight gain in preschool children during the COVID-19-related lockdown in western China.

Methods
A retrospective observational study of eight randomly selected kindergartens was conducted. Data was collected via online electronic questionnaires during the lockdown.

Results
During the COVID-19 lockdown period, the incidence of overweight and obesity among preschool children involved in the study was 7.6 and 14.7 %, respectively. In addition, the incidence of obesity among children aged 3–4 years was 26.3 %, which was higher than that of other age groups. Children with excessive weight gain (weight gain ≥1.0 kg) spent more time on TV and video viewing during lockdown than children with normal gain. Among children with excessive weight gain, weight before lockdown and fathers’ BMI were higher than those of children with normal weight gain. Heavier weight before lockdown (OR 1.044, p<0.05), higher father’s BMI (OR 1.022, p<0.05), fresh fruit consumption during lockdown (frequently, ≥5 times/week) (OR 5.946, p<0.05), and long touch-screen device time during lockdown (OR 1.259, p<0.05) were found to be risk factors significantly associated with excessive weight gain. Living space (80–100 m2, OR=0.499, p<0.05; 100–150 m2, OR=0.467, 95 % CI 0.26, 0.83) and good mental behavior during the lockdown (OR=0.056, p<0.05) were found to be significant protective factors against excessive weight gain.

Conclusions
There was a clear trend in excessive weight gain among preschool children during the COVID-19 lockdown, especially those who had already had heavier weight before the pandemic. The obesity-promoting environment resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to a further serious exacerbation of the childhood obesity pandemic. Therefore, child health care providers must pay close attention to this and implement effective preventive measures in a timely manner.
Effect of dysprosium on the radiation-shielding features of SiO2–PbO–B2O3 glasses
Authors: Almuqrin Aljawhara H. , Abualsayed Mohammad I. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In a variety of applications using ionizing radiation, it is essential to ensure the safety of both individuals and equipment. To this end, excellent radiation shielding materials, including glasses and rare earth elements, such as Dy2O3, are currently being researched. The goal of this study is to explore the effect of Dy2O3 on the radiation-shielding properties of the SiO2–PbO–B2O3–Dy2O3 glass system; for clarity, it is abbreviated as Dy-X. Dy2O3 is a good choice for use as a modifier in radiation shielding glasses since it has high density. Additionally, Dy2O3 has good thermal stability and can be added to glass matrices without substantially affecting their physical features. The influence of increasing the amount of Dy2O3 present in the glasses from 0 to 5 mol% on the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) and effective atomic number (Z
eff) was studied using glasses with five distinct compositions and densities. In order to achieve this, the Phy-X program was utilized. The results demonstrate that Dy5 (with a composition of 55B2O3–25PbO–20SiO2–5Dy2O3) has the highest LAC value of the prepared glasses, while Dy0 has the lowest. We investigated the influence of Dy2O3 on Z
eff at 0.284 MeV. The results show that the Z
eff values increase with increasing Dy2O3 content. The Z
eff values were found to be 27.35, 27.94, 28.52, 29.09, 29.65, and 30.20 for Dy0, Dy1, Dy2, Dy3, Dy4, and Dy5, respectively. From the Z
eff results, we observed that increasing the Dy2O3 content in the samples leads to an improvement in the shielding ability of the glass system. We compared the LAC of the Dy-X glasses with six glass systems at 0.662 MeV. All Dy0–Dy3 glasses have lower LAC values than all the TeO2–Li2O–ZnO glasses, but Dy4 has an LAC value greater than those of three of these glasses.
Asymptotic formulations of anti-plane problems in pre-stressed compressible elastic laminates
Authors: Helmi Maha M. , Althobaiti Saad , Mubaraki Ali M. , Rogerson Graham A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article investigates the long-wave anti-plane shear motion in a symmetric three-layered laminate composed of pre-stressed compressible elastic layers. The layers of the laminate are perfectly bonded, while traction-free and fixed boundary conditions are considered on the outer faces of the laminate. In both cases, the dispersion relation is obtained in terms of symmetric and anti-symmetric decompositions. Numerical results and an asymptotic long-wave analysis are presented, corresponding to the three possible vibration modes. It is revealed that a low-frequency mode only exists in respect of symmetric motion with free-faces, while all other cases pose a series of non-zero cut-off frequencies. Comparisons between the exact and approximate asymptotic results are presented, and excellent agreement is observed.
Hematoma evacuation based on active strategies versus conservative treatment in the management of moderate basal ganglia hemorrhage: A retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Weihua , Zhang Jian , Huang Gaoming , Yang Kaichuang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
The internal capsule of the basal ganglia is vulnerable to direct pressure from the hematoma and to secondary damage from toxic products of hemorrhage. Our study evaluated the risk and benefits of active strategies including ultra-early surgery and hematoma evacuation through a transsylvian-transinsular approach for moderate basal ganglia hemorrhage.

Methods
We retrospectively collected patients with moderate basal ganglia hemorrhage in two hospitals. The conservative group contained 51 patients who had the best medical treatment, and the surgery group contained 36 patients who were treated with hematoma evacuation through a transsylvian-transinsular approach within 6 h from ictus. Motor function of upper and lower limbs recorded with the motor sub-score of NIHSS (m-NIHSS) at the baseline, 7 days, 30 days, and 90 days, the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and Barthel Index (BI) scores at 30 and 90 days were compared between the two groups. Good recovery was defined as an m-NIHSS of 0–2 and poor recovery as 3–4. Favorable prognosis was defined as an mRS of 0–3 and unfavorable prognosis as 4–5.

Results
The mean time from ictus to surgery was 250.3 ± 57.3 min. The good recovery proportions of upper and lower limbs in the surgery group were significantly higher than that in the conservative group (p < 0.05) at 7 days after hemorrhage. The good recovery proportion of upper limbs was significantly higher in the surgery group than in the conservative group (p < 0.05) at 3 months after hemorrhage. Living ability using BI scores was significantly higher in the surgery group than the conservative group (p < 0.05) at 3 months after hemorrhage. The favorable prognosis proportion had no statistically significant difference between the two groups at 3 months after hemorrhage.

Conclusions
Ultra-early hematoma evacuation through a transsylvian-transinsular approach are active strategies for moderate basal ganglia hemorrhage and have potential advantages in improving motor function recovery and daily living. The postoperative rebleeding rate does not increase simultaneously.
Zoonotic Enteric Parasites among Pastoralists, Cattle, and Soil in the Upper Benue Trough of Northeastern Nigeria
Authors: Njobdi Sani , Akogun Oladele Benjamin , Ja’afaru Mohammed Inuwa 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
The occupation, lifestyle, and lack of formal education among pastoralists place them at higher risk of zoonoses. Moreover, zoonoses among pastoralists and their livestock in the Upper Benue Trough in northeastern Nigeria has not been studied holistically. Therefore, we investigated zoonotic enteric parasite (ZEP) infections by Entamoba spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia intestinalis, Fasciola spp., Taenia spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. among this group.

Methods:
Demographic information and faecal samples were collected from humans and cattle in 12 pastoral communities along the trough using a cross-sectional, observational study design. Soil samples were also collected from homes. Specimens were examined microscopically for ZEPs and the data were analysed.

Results:
The prevalence of ZEPs was 40.3% among humans, 48.2% among cattle, and 74.6% in home soil. The prevalence of ZEP infections among humans did not differ significantly with respect to gender and husbandry practices, but did differ significantly with respect to age and clan. There was a strong correlation (R=0.750) between ZEP prevalence in humans, cattle, and soil across study communities.

Conclusion:
The correlation between the distribution of ZEPs in different sample categories across communities strongly suggests that zoonotic transmission of ZEP is ongoing in the study area. Adopting an integrated approach to intervention will potentially be more effective in disease control. Further investigation, continuous monitoring, and surveillance are recommended to forestall enteric infection outbreaks.
Molecular Characterization of Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Babesia, and Borrelia in Ticks from Guangdong Province of Southern China
Authors: Zhang Li , Wei Zhengkai , Ding Li , Hou Jiaming , Zhang Jianhui , Zhang Bohan , Ma Jun , Song Mingxin , Liu Quan 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
Tick-borne pathogens have become emerging global health threats in humans and animals. The objective of the present study was to investigate Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Babesia, and Borrelia in ticks in southern China.

Methods:
Ticks were collected from animals and identified to the species level. Tick-borne Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Babesia, and Borrelia were tested by PCR assays, and analyzed by sequencing and phylogenetics.

Results:
We collected 747 ticks, including Rhipicephalus microplus (n=225) and R. sanguineus (n=522), from pet dogs in Guangdong Province of southern China. Using PCR and phylogenetic analysis we showed that these ticks carried Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia canis, Borrelia miyamotoi, Babesia vogeli, and an unclassified Ehrlichia species in Rhipicephalus ticks. Of these pathogens, B. miyamotoi was first found in southern China. A. platys, E. canis, and B. miyamotoi were zoonotic pathogens that infected both R. microplus and R. sanguineus, whereas Ba. vogeli only infected R. sanguineus, with a prevalence of 0.3%-1.5%.

Conclusions:
The results of this study showed diversity and complexity of tick-borne pathogens in Guangdong Province of southern China, implying the importance of tick-borne pathogen surveillance and control.
Slip distribution along the North Anatolian fault associated with the large earthquakes of the period 1939 to 1967
Authors: Barka Aykut 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Between 1939 and 1967, six large fault ruptures formed a westward-migrating sequence of events along a 900-km-long nearly continuous portion of the North Anatolian fault. For these events—the 1939 Erzincan, 1942 Niksar-Erbaa, 1943 Tosya, 1944 Bolu-Gerede, 1957 Abant, and 1967 Mudurnu Valley earthquakes—I have compiled a record of dextral slip, which contains nearly 100 points. These data indicate that the amount of slip is irregularly distributed along the 1939 to 1967 rupture zone. The maximum slip, 7.5 m, occurred during the 1939 earthquake in the eastern 150 km of the 900-km-long rupture zone. Dextral offsets diminish very abruptly eastward but very gradually westward. The rate of westward decrease in the 1939 to 1967 offsets is only slightly greater than the rate of westward decrease of post-Miocene displacement along the North Anatolian fault. This suggests that westward decrease in slip can be expected to be a general characteristic of earthquake ruptures along the North Anatolian fault in the future. Nevertheless, within the 1939 to 1967 slip distribution, there are three regions that had less slip than the neighboring regions. These I interpret as possible sites of large future earthquakes. One of these seismic gaps has already experienced another earthquake (in 1951) and subsequent creep.
Determination of local magnitude using BDSN broadband records
Authors: Uhrhammer Robert A. , Loper Suzanna J. , Romanowicz Barbara 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Berkeley Seismographic Station operated standard Wood—Anderson torsion seismographs from 8 April 1928 through 16 January 1994. These seismographs are historically significant in that their seismograms have been used to determine local (Richter) magnitude of earthquakes that occurred in northern and central California and adjacent regions, routinely since 1948 and ad hoc back to 1928. Broadband digitally recording seismographs were co-sited at four stations with Wood-Anderson instruments to compare the records. The Wood-Anderson seismographs became redundant for the purpose of determining the maximum horizontal trace amplitudes once procedures were developed to synthesize their seismograms accurately from the broadband digital recordings. Operation of the Wood-Anderson seismographs was subsequently discontinued. This article demonstrates the ability to determine an unbiased measure of local magnitude from synthesized Wood-Anderson seismograms, thereby maintaining a seamless catalog of local magnitude at Berkeley.
Simulation of the response of the Marina District Basin, San Francisco, California, to the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
Authors: Zhang Bin , Papageorgiou Apostolos S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In an attempt to estimate the intensity of ground motion that the Marina District, San Francisco, California, experienced during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, we investigate the 3D seismic response of a 2D model (referred to in the present article as “2.5D model”) of a SW-NE trending cross section of the Marina Basin. As a first step in this endeavor, the simulated elastic response characteristics of the model are compared with recorded aftershock data. The comparison, in terms of peak amplitudes, duration, and frequency content of the time response, is favorable. In simulating the response of the Marina Basin to the Loma Prieta mainshock excitation, we account for the effect of soil nonlinearities by an iterative procedure, referred to as the “equivalent linear approach” according to which the values of soil damping and stiffness are selected to be consistent with the level of strain. Our results show that accelerations and velocities may have reached values as high as 0.23 g and 34 cm/sec, respectively; strains induced by wave propagation were of the order of 10−4, while spectral acceleration Sa for damping ratio 5% reached values as high as 0.8 g for periods in the range of 0.8≦T≦1.2 sec, which contains the fundamental frequencies of the most heavily damaged structures in the Marina District. The simulations confirm the conjecture made by Hanks and Brady (1991) that the motion recorded at Treasure Island is the most likely strong-motion surrogate for the filled areas of the Marina District.
Based on the results of the simulations, it may be stated that for strong-motion (i.e., large strain) excitation, 3D focusing and lateral interferences, while still present, are not as prominent as in the weak-motion (i.e., small-strain) excitation case. The above conclusion suggests that, in general, the damping characteristics of soil deposits (particularly of poorly consolidated soft-soil deposits, i.e., mean shear-wave velocity of the upper 30 m of deposits, less than 200 m/sec), selected to be consistent with the level of strain induced by the seismic excitation, are a key factor in controlling the nature of the overall response of a sedimentary basin. Finally, in computing empirical amplification ratios based on recorded motions, selection of an appropriate “free-field” motion, representative of the incident excitation, is very crucial.
Monochromatic T waves from underwater volcanoes in the pacific ocean: Ringing witnesses to geyser processes?
Authors: Talandier Jacques , Okal Emile A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We analyze swarms of exceptionally intense and sustained T waves recorded during 1991 through 1994 at the Polynesian seismic array. The strongest swarm lasted 15 months and originated southwest of the Eltanin fracture zone, in the immediate vicinity of a documented seamount associated with a recognized volcanic chain branching out of the local segment of the mid-oceanic ridge. The Eltanin T waves are characterized by an exceptionally monochromatic spectrum featuring a single line (of a few Hertz frequency) in the range 2 to 80 Hz. While no similar characteristics had previously been observed in 25 yr of recording in Polynesia, comparable spectra were recorded during a 1993 swarm at the Revilla Gigedo Islands, following by 4 months a documented eruption of Socorro Island. In both cases, we interpret the T waves as evidence of a major underwater volcanic process. The existence of a single resonating frequency, and in particular the absence of any overtones, is generally not compatible with the now classical models of the resonance of a fluid-filled crack, and we speculate that the source of the phenomenon may be the oscillation of a bubbly liquid, which could result from vaporization of seawater in the presence of a large lava lake.
Constraints for upper mantle shear-wave models of the basin and range from surface-wave inversion
Authors: Koch K. , Stump B. W. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Several earthquakes in a limited region on the coast of Northern California and off the coast of Oregon have provided a set of broadband regional seismograms at Lajitas (LTX). The significant Love and Rayleigh waves contained in these waveforms have repetitively sampled the same source-receiver path within the Basin and Range province. Previous studies for this path (using a subset of these sources) of mantle S waves suggest a smoothly varying S velocity structure above 400 km followed by a strong gradient between 400 and 700 km. These data are unable to uniquely constrain the shear velocity at shallower depths. Surface-wave inversions are performed in order to refine the upper mantle S-wave model using group- and phase-velocity dispersion for periods between 10 and 100 sec. This period range gives good resolution for sub-Moho depths extending into the low-velocity zone. Group velocities are extracted by multiple filter analysis and show significant differences for events on- and off-shore at periods around 50 sec. This effect can be shown to be an interference pattern with the mantle S body-wave arrivals. As single-station data were used, phase velocities are estimated by phase-matched filtering. The recovered surface-wave dispersion data are used in an inversion procedure to recover a shear-wave structure for the Basin and Range path to LTX that consists of a relatively thin mantle lid underlain by a low-velocity channel extending to a depth of 200 km. Structure below 200 km is poorly resolved and trades off with shallower structure. The Rayleigh-wave group-velocity data favor shear-velocity models with a ridge within the low-velocity zone with velocities 0.05 to 0.2 km/sec higher than the background.