bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of incubation time and mitogen concentration on lymphocyte blastogenic response: determination of conditions that maximize population differences.
Authors: Bernhard M I , Pace R C , Unger S W , Wanebo H J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The blastogenic responsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes is a commonly applied measure of immune response capability. This assay is generally run under conditions of maximum lymphocyte stimulation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate which conditions of lymphocyte culture were able to best discriminate normal from subnormal lymphocyte responses to mitogens and antigens. Mitogen or antigen concentrations and the length of incubation time were varied while other assay conditions (serum supplement, lymphocyte concentration, amount of label, and length of label pulse) were kept constant. A total of 24 cancer patients and 25 normal controls were studied. Under optimal assay conditions that provided for maximum lymphocyte stimulation, we were unable to distinguish differences in response between young and old individuals or cancer patients and normal controls. However, at suboptimal mitogen/antigen concentrations or suboptimal incubation times, significant differences were observed in these populations. It is suggested that in the evaluation of lymphocyte stimulation responses in various clinical groups, suboptimal lymphocyte culture conditions may provide for maximum discrimination among the groups.
Ia antigen on the surface of a subfraction of T cells that bear Fc receptors for IgG.
Authors: Kaszubowski P A , Goodwin J S , Williams R C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human peripheral blood T cells and T cell subpopulations were studied for the presence of Ia-like antigen, by using indirect immunofluorescence with heterologous rabbit anti-Ia antisera. In 13 normal subjects the percentage of T cells staining with the anti-Ia reagent was 2 to 5% and appeared limited to the T gamma subfraction. After concanavalin A (Con A) or phytohemagglutinin (PHA) activation, the proportion of Ia(+) T cells increased due to an increase in the percentage of T gamma cells bearing Ia-like antigen as well as an increase in the proportion of T gamma cells in the T cell fraction.
The influence of hapten-conjugated isologous mouse gamma-globulin as a tolerogen on H-2 restricted cytotoxic effector cells.
Authors: Waksal S D , Borel Y 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hapten-conjugated isologous mouse gamma-globulin (TNP-MGG) can induce specific unresponsiveness in spleen populations for primary antibody responses in vitro to both T-dependent (TNP-KLH) and T-independent (TNP-LPS) antigens. This was also tested simultaneously for its influence on spleen populations in the generation of cytotoxic effector cell populations to hapten-modified self. Unlike its effect on primary antibody responses (tolerogenic), TNP-MGG does not inhibit the generation of cytotoxic T cells against TNBS-treated syngeneic spleen cells. TNP-MGG was also unable to act as an immunogen in generating cytotoxic effectors against TNBS-treated spleen cells. These data show that although TNP-MGG has a tolerogenic effect on B lymphocytes (and possibly helper T lymphocytes) it does not block the generation of killer T lymphocytes directed against the hapten-modified spleen cells. A different mechanism of tolerance induction for TNP-MGG compared to hapten-modified syngeneic murine spleen is therefore suggested.
Characterization of responding cells in oxidative mitogen stimulation. II. Identification of an Ia-bearing adherent accessory cell.
Authors: Phillips M L , Parker J W , Frelinger J A , O'Brien R L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Treatment of murine lymph node or spleen cells with anti-Ia serum and complement (C), depletes the subsequent proliferative response of the residual cells to the oxidative mitogen galactose oxidase (NaGO). Restoration of the mitogenic response could be achieved by the addition of adherent accessory cells prepared by a variety of techniques. Loosely adherent dendritic cells were the most efficient population of restoring cells. Treatment of adherent cells with anti-Ia serum and C removed their capacity for restoration. Restoration of the oxidative mitogen response to lymph node cells depeleted of adherent cells by passage over nylon wool and Sephadex columns was similar to restoration of Ia- depleted lymphocyte populations. Further NaGO-induced lymphocyte transformation requires an Ly-1+2+ T lymphocyte and an Ia-positive adherent accessory cell.
Activation of the fourth component of complement (C4): assessment by rocket immunoelectrophoresis and correlation with the metabolism of C4.
Authors: Milgrom H , Curd J G , Kaplan R A , Müller-Eberhard H J , Vaughan J H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The classical pathway of complement (C) is activated in several diseases, and this activation characteristically involves the activation of C4, the fourth component of C. Since activation of C4 ultimately produces the polypeptide fragment C4d, we have applied immunoelectrophoresis in gels containing antibodies that precipitate C4d and C4 (rocket immunoelectrophoresis) as a means of detecting and quantitating C4 activation. Plasma C4 produced a single precipitin line after rocket immunoelectrophoresis, whereas plasma containing C4d produced two precipitin lines corresponding to C4d and C4. The areas enclosed by the respective precipitin line(s) were quantitated by planimetry and approximated the amounts of C4d and C4 present in the specimen. The ratio of the areas of C4d/C4 as measured in this analysis correlated significantly with the in vivo metabolism of radiolabeled C4. Our method detected C4d in the plasmas of some patients with rheumatoid arthritis, hereditary angioedema, systemic lupus erythematosus, or chronic urticaria with hypocomplementemia. These studies indicated that determination of the C4d/C4 ratio is useful in the evaluation of in vivo C activation and also may be applicable to the study and management of diseases associated with C activation.
Human leukemia-associated antigen: relation to a family of surface glycoproteins.
Authors: Pesando J M , Ritz J , Levine H , Terhorst C , Lazarus H , Schlossman S F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A heteroantiserum raised to leukemic cells of a patient with non-T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been extensively absorbed with cells from a leukemic T cell line and an autologous B lymphoblastoid cell line to produce a common ALL antiserum (CALLA). CALLA is specific for leukemic cells of most patients with non-T cell ALL and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in lymphoid blast crisis. It has been extensively tested on a wide variety of normal cells and is unreactive with them. CALLA identifies a surface glycoprotein having a m.w. of approximately 100,000 on reactive cell populations. In contrast, partially absorbed anti-ALL sera detect a similar glycoprotein band on CALLA-negative B and T cell lines. The glycoprotein identified by CALLA has been isolated and used as an immunogen. This new antiserum (C129) detects a 100,000-dalton glycoprotein not only on CALLA-positive cell populations but also on most CALLA-negative normal and malignant hematopoietic cells and on B and T cell lines. We conclude that there exists a family of 100,000-dalton glycoproteins that are present on a variety of normal, transformed, and malignant cells and that possess shared as well as unique antigenic regions. The expression of at least one of these antigens, detected by CALLA, may be tumor specific.
Immunosuppressive effects of low doses of glucocorticoids: effects on autologous and allogeneic mixed leukocyte reactions.
Authors: Hahn B H , MacDermott R P , Jacobs S B , Pletscher L S , Beale M G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effects of single oral doses of 10, 15, or 30 mg of prednisone on circulating mononuclear cells, autologous MLR, mitogen responses, and allogeneic MLR were studied in healthy volunteers. Doses as low as 10 mg were immunosuppressive, causing diminution of circulating T cells and monocytes, and significant reduction in autologous but not allogeneic MLR responses. These effects were maximal 6 hr after drug administration and gone by 24 hr. Autologous MLR responses were particularly sensitive to the effects of prednisone being significantly and consistently suppressed 2 hr after drug administration, before significant cell redistribution had occurred. Macrophage-enriched stimulating cells were more easily suppressed than responding T cells. Since the autologous MLR may be important in in vivo regulation of immune responses, its reduction by low-dose glucocorticoids may be of clinical relevance. This suppressive effect must be considered in studies of the autologous MLR in patients receiving glucocorticoid therapy.
Genetic control of the murine T lymphocyte proliferative response to collagen: analysis of the molecular and cellular contributions to immunogenicity.
Authors: Rosenwasser L J , Bhatnagar R S , Stobo J D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The genetic control of the murine immune response to denatured beef type II collagen was examined in an antigen-presenting cell-dependent T cell proliferation assay. It was found that the response to collagen is under the control of H-2-linked Ir genes, possibly operating at the level of the antigen-presenting macrophage. Utilizing in vitro cross-stimulation with synthetic collagen-like polypeptides, the data suggest that the antigenic determinants stimulating collagen immune T cells are more dependent on primary amino acid sequence and less on conformation. The implications of such findings for Ir gene specificity and other related immunologic functions is discussed.
Evidence for linked expression of latent allotypes of the heavy chain constant and variable regions.
Authors: Yarmush M L , Mandy W J , Kindt T J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
CH allotypes were determined for rabbit IgG and antibody molecules identified and isolated on the basis of their expression of latent group a (VH) allotypic determinants. Serologic and chemical typing of the purified molecules revealed that five out of 10 individual preparations studied expressed d allotypes not present in the rabbit as a nominal allotype. None of the latent VH-CH combinations represented products of a new or unusual arrangement of VH and CH structural genes. This result indicates that the molecules with latent allotypes express their VH and CH allotypes in the same combinations as do their nominal counterparts and do not result from misspairing of separate genes involved in H chain synthesis.
Inhibitors of DNA synthesis produced by herpesvirus-transformed cell lines.
Authors: Beneke J , Pearson G R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Inhibitory factors were detected in the supernatant fluids of two herpesvirus-transformed lymphoid cell lines, one a B cell line established from a cotton-topped marmoset with EBV-induced lymphoma (1605L) and the other a HVS-transformed marmoset T cell line (C-1 Ax). The factors produced by both cell lines inhibited the uptake of 125I-iododeoxyuridine (125I-IUDR) by lymphocytes stimulated by both phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen. Both factors also suppressed the uptake of 125I-IUDR by cells of lymphoid cell lines of both B and T cell origin, indicating that neither factor was specific for lymphoid subpopulations. Furthermore, the factor produced by the 1605L cell line did not exhibit tissue specificity in the target cells that it affected, since it also suppressed 125I-IUDR uptake by the HEp-2 cell line, which is epithelial. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, an assay that has been reported to require effector cells capable of protein synthesis but not DNA synthesis, was not suppressed by either factor, indicating that these inhibitors acted at the level of DNA synthesis. Experiments investigating the kinetics of the inhibition of PHA blastogenesis by the 1605L factor suggested that this inhibitor blocked an early stage in the DNA synthetic cycle, since maximum inhibition was observed only when the factor was present early in the culture period.
Regulatory role of IgE-binding factors from rat T lymphocytes. I. Mechanism of enhancement of IgE response by IgE-potentiating factor.
Authors: Suemura M , Yodoi J , Hirashima M , Ishizaka K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
T lymphocytes in the mesenteric lymph nodes of rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis spontaneously released a soluble factor that selectively potentiated the IgE-forming cell response of antigen-primed cells to homologous antigen. The factor could enhance the IgE response of DNP-OA-primed cells to DNP-HSA and T cell-replacing factor. In contrast, the treatment of OA-primed T cells with the factor failed to enhance either the IgE or IgG response of the mixture of DNP-KLH primed cells and OA-primed T cells to DNP-OA. The results collectively suggested that the target cells of the IgE-potentiating factor are B cells. Indeed, IgE potentiating factor was absorbed by B cells rather than T cells or thymocytes. Evidence was obtained that IgE-potentiating factor could be absorbed by IgE-bearing B cells or IgE-coupled Sepharose, indicating that the factor had affinity for IgE. It appeared that the potentiating factor bound to IgE-bearing B cells and selectively enhanced the differentiation of IgE-B cells to IgE-forming cells. It was also found that the major source of the factor was Fc epsilon R-bearing T cells.
Regulation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. II. Appearance of suppressor cells during the remission phase of the disease.
Authors: Welch A M , Holda J H , Swanborg R H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lewis rats are susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Most rats recover from paralysis and are subsequently resistant to the disease. In an adoptive transfer system, we found that lymph node cells (LNC) from rats that had recovered from EAE protect syngeneic recipients from the disease when the latter are challenged with encephalitogenic myelin basic protein and adjuvant after receiving donor cells. Suppression is antigen-specific and requires viable LNC. In contrast to the suppressor cells we previously studied in tolerized rats, which were nonadherent T lymphocytes, the suppressor cells found in rats that have recovered from EAE adhere to glass wool. However, they are not retained on Sephadex G-10 columns to which macrophages adhere. Suppressor activity is enriched in the nylon wool-adherent LNC population (which consists of approximately 80% Ig+ cells). Our findings suggest that activation of adherent suppressor cells may be implicated in recovery from EAE. These may be adherent T cells, or B cells that produce anti-BP blocking antibodies.
The role of monocyte factors in the differentiation of immunoglobulin secreting cells from human peripheral blood B cells.
Authors: Rosenberg S A , Lipsky P E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Supernatants from cultures of human mononuclear phagocytes (M phi) were found to support pokeweed mitogen- (PWM) induced generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) in cultures of T cell-depleted, human peripheral blood B cells. The M phi factor did not augment PWM-stimulated B cell proliferation. Moreover, M phi factor itself was not a polyclonal B cell activator, in that no ISC were generated unless PWM was present in the B cells cultures. M phi factor release, however, did not require PWM stimulation, but occurred spontaneously under standard conditions used to elicit the PWM response. The active factor found in M phi culture supernatants originated from M phi and not from the few contaminating T cells in the M phi population. M phi factor did not replace the requirement for T cells in this system, however, since factor activity was apparent only when B cell cultures contained a small number of T cells. Finally, M phi factor augmented generation of both IgM and IgG ISC. These data emphasize the important role of M phi in the differentiation of human B cells into ISC and indicate that at least some of the function of M phi in this system is accomplished by secreted factors.
Specific induction of syngeneic cytotoxic T lymphocytes by solubilized tumor antigen: fractionation of the specific R-MuLV-induced leukemia antigen.
Authors: Alaba O , Law L W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The parameters of the secondary in vitro generation of syngeneic CTL by solubilized tumor antigens have been investigated. With PM and SPM, stimulation was achieved over a 10-fold antigen concentration, 5 microgram/ml to 0.5 microgram/ml, and with whole cells the optimum R/S cell ratio was 80:1 to 100:1. Assuming a 50-fold enrichment of plasma membrane antigens over cells by purifying the PM, this observation suggests that cells are at least 200 times more efficient than PM. A specific tumor antigen that induces CTL in vitro was solubilized with sodium deoxycholate and fractionated on Ultrogel AcA34 followed by affinity chromatography on Lens culinaris lentil lectin-Sepharose 4B column. The purification scheme was shown to have enriched for the specific CTL-inducing activity. The specificity of the induction and effector phases of the reaction was assessed and the data clearly indicate that the reactions were specific. Furthermore, we ruled out the possibility that the induction of CTL by soluble tumor antigen in a secondary reaction could be due to the nonspecific induction of helper activity, which then caused a polyclonal expansion of memory cells.
Elicitation of anti-viral cytotoxic T lymphocytes with purified viral and H-2 antigens.
Authors: Hale A H , Ruebush M J , Harris D T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The minimal molecular requirements for elicitation of secondary anti-Sendai virus CTL were investigated. The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein of Sendai virus and the H-2Kk glycoprotein of YAC tumor cells were purified and incorporated into phospholipid vesicles. These unilamellar liposomes were then tested for the ability to elicit H-2 restricted secondary anti-Sendai virus CTL. The results indicate that these well-defined vesicles were capable of eliciting secondary anti-Sendai virus CTL which lysed only target cells possessing the H-2Kk haplotype and modified with inactivated Sendai virus.
Ultrastructural evidence for release of major basic protein-containing crystalline cores of eosinophil granules in vivo: cytotoxic potential in Crohn's disease.
Authors: Dvorak A M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Eosinophil MBP-containing granule losses, cytotoxic tissue changes, primarily affecting autotomic nervous system axons, and degranulating mast cells were present in tissues from patients with Crohn's disease. These findings support the hypothesis (9) that the eosinophil may produce damage to cells of the gastrointestinal tract in Crohn's disease.
The murine macrophage Fc receptor for IgG2b is lipid dependent.
Authors: Anderson C L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The plasma membrane Fc receptor for IgG2b on P388D1 cells, solubilized by detergent, was inactivated by incubation with phospholipase C. Soluble Fc receptor activity could be restored by the addition of liposomes of either phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylinositol. The reconstituted Fc receptor was trypsin sensitive. These data indicate that Fc receptor binding of IgG2b results from the concerted action of membrane lipid and protein.
Analysis of thymus-leukemia (TL) antigens with monoclonal antibodies.
Authors: McIntyre K R , Vitetta E S , Hämmerling U , Michaelson J , Flaherty L , Uhr J W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lysates of radioiodinated thymocytes have been sequentially immunoprecipitated with monoclonal antibodies specific for thymus-leukemia (TL) antigens. The TL antigenic specificities defined by the monoclonal antibodies appear not to correspond precisely to specificities previously defined with conventional alloantisera. Nonetheless, each of two monoclonal antibodies specific for a single TL determinant was found to deplete lysates of B6.Tlaa thymocytes of all molecules precipitable by an alloantiserum specific for the conventionally defined determinants TL.1,2,3,5, and 6. These results suggest that on B6.Tlaa thymocytes, all the conventional TL antigenic specificities (TL. 1,2,3,5,6) as well as the specificities defined by the monoclonal anti-TL antibodies (TL.m2,m3) are carried by a single molecular species.
Polyclonal B cell activation and autoimmunity in New Zealand mice. I. Natural thymocytotoxic autoantibody (NTA).
Authors: Hirose S , Maruyama N , Ohta K , Shirai T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present genetic studies were designed to investigate a possible correlation of spontaneous polyclonal activation of B cells with the spontaneous production of natural thymocytotoxic autoantibody (NTA) in female (NZB X NZW)F1 X NZW backcross mice. We analyzed the spontaneous polyclonal activation of B cells by determining the serum level of naturally occurring anti-hapten (dinitrophenyl, DNP) IgM antibodies. Based on comparisons of the magnitude of the serum DNP binding activities among NZB, NZW, the F1, and the backcrosses to NZW mice, we found that the abnormal polyclonal activation of B cells depends largely on the contribution of NZB genomes. Similar observations were made on serum IgM levels in these mice, and there were made on serum IgM levels in these mice, and there was a highly significant correlation between these two measures in the backcross mice. Despite striking similarities in several observations between NTA and the anti-DNP antibodies, as well as the serum IgM level, there was no significant correlation between the spontaneous production of NTA and the abnormal levels of the anti-DNP antibodies and serum IgM in the backcross mice in both quantitative and qualitative analyses. We also found no significant association between these polyclonal activation of B cells and H-2 complex.
Effect of serum from mice with dormant Friend leukemia viral infections on synthesis and modulation of erythroleukemia cell surface gp70.
Authors: Callahan R M , Marx P A , Marum W G , Wheelock E F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Serum of mice with dormant Friend virus infections modulates the expression of cell surface antigens on Friend virus-transformed cells (FLC-745 cells). By radioimmunoassay, the modulated antigen was identified as virion gp70 of Friend leukemia virus. After two days of culture in medium containing 5% serum from mice with dormant Friend virus infections, the modulated cells expressed about 50% less surface gp70 than non-modulated cells cultured in 5% normal mouse serum. After 9 days in culture, the modulated cells expressed no surface gp70; however, these cells contained the same amount of internal gp70 as nonmodulated cells, indicating that gp70 was synthesized during the modulation period. Both modulated and nonmodulated cells grew equally well during the 9 days of culture. These results indicate that the effects of modulation of Friend virus-coded cell surface antigens are restricted to the cell surface.