bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tidally heated exomoons around ϵ Eridani b: Observability and prospects for characterization
Authors: Kleisioti E. , Dirkx D. , Rovira-Navarro M. , Kenworthy M. A. 
Published: May 2023

Context. Exomoons are expected to orbit gas giant exoplanets just as moons orbit Solar System planets. Tidal heating is present in Solar System satellites, and it can heat up their interior, depending on their orbital and interior properties.
Aims. We aim to identify a tidally heated exomoon’s (THEM) orbital parameter space that would make it observable in infrared wavelengths with MIRI/JWST around ϵ Eridani b. We study the possible constraints on orbital eccentricity and interior properties that a successful THEM detection in infrared wavelengths can bring. We also investigate what exomoon properties need to be independently known in order to place these constraints.
Methods. We used a coupled thermal-tidal model to find stable equilibrium points between the tidally produced heat and the heat transported within a moon. For the latter, we considered a spherical and radially symmetric satellite with heat being transported via magma advection in a sublayer of melt (asthenosphere) and convection in the lower mantle. We incorporated uncertainties in the interior and tidal model parameters to assess the fraction of simulated moons that would be observable with MIRI.
Results. We find that a 2RIo THEM orbiting ϵ Eridani b with an eccentricity of 0.02 would need to have a semi-major axis of 4 planetary Roche radii for 100% of the simulations to produce an observable moon. These values are comparable with the orbital properties of the satellites of the Solar System gas giants. We placed similar constraints for eccentricities up to 0.1. We conclude that if the semi-major axis and radius of the moon are known (e.g., with exomoon transits), tidal dissipation can constrain the orbital eccentricity and interior properties of the satellite, such as the presence of melt and the thickness of the melt-containing sublayer.
Tormund’s return: Hints of quasi-periodic eruption features from a recent optical tidal disruption event
Authors: Quintin E. , Webb N. A. , Guillot S. , Miniutti G. , Kammoun E. S. , Giustini M. , Arcodia R. , Soucail G. , Clerc N. , Amato R. , Markwardt C. B. 
Published: May 2023

Context. Quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) are repeating thermal X-ray bursts associated with accreting massive black holes, the precise underlying physical mechanisms of which are still unclear.
Aims. We present a new candidate QPE source, AT 2019vcb (nicknamed Tormund by the Zwicky Transient Facility Collaboration), which was found during an archival search for QPEs in the XMM-Newton archive. It was first discovered in 2019 as an optical tidal disruption event (TDE) at z = 0.088, and its X-ray follow-up exhibited QPE-like properties. Our goals are to verify its robustness as QPE candidate and to investigate its properties to improve our understanding of QPEs.
Methods. We performed a detailed study of the X-ray spectral behaviour of this source over the course of the XMM-Newton archival observation. We also report on recent Swift and NICER follow-up observations to constrain the source’s current activity and overall lifetime, as well as an optical spectral follow-up.
Results. The first two Swift detections and the first half of the 30 ks XMM-Newton exposure of Tormund displayed a decaying thermal emission typical of an X-ray TDE. However, the second half of the exposure showed a dramatic rise in temperature (from 53.5−7.7+9.2 eV to 113.8−2.7+2.9 eV) and 0.2–2 keV luminosity (from 3.2−1.0+1.6 × 1042 erg s−1 to 1.19−0.05+0.05 × 1044 erg s−1) over ∼15 ks. The late-time NICER follow-up indicates that the source is still X-ray bright more than three years after the initial optical TDE.
Conclusions. Although only a rise phase was observed, Tormund’s strong similarities with a known QPE source (eRO-QPE1) and the impossibility to simultaneously account for all observational features with alternative interpretations allow us to classify Tormund as a candidate QPE. If confirmed as a QPE, it would further strengthen the observational link between TDEs and QPEs. It is also the first QPE candidate for which an associated optical TDE was directly observed, constraining the formation time of QPEs.
233U(n,γ) measurements at LANSCE
Authors: Leal-Cidoncha Esther , Couture Aaron , Rusev Gencho , Bond Evelyn M. , Fry Cathleen , Ullmann John , Bredeweg Todd 
Published: May 2023

Uranium-233 plays an important role in the Th-U fuel cycle, which has been proposed as an alternative to the U-Pu fuel cycle due to its reduced amount of transuranium elements. The available experimental 233U(n,γ) cross section data in the literature are scarce, [1–3]. In 2008, the 233U(n,γ) cross section was investigated at LANL using the DANCE detector combined with a PPAC, however the statistics in the keV regime were inadequate for a reliable extraction of the cross section at 100 keV. An accurate measurement of the 233U(n,γ) cross section is required by the NCSP to complete the neutron-induced cross section data; a new evaluation reported the need of 233U capture data.
The challenge in this measurement lies in the difficulty of measuring capture cross section data due to the competing capture and fission channels. Fission reactions are around one order of magnitude more likely than capture for 233U. The accuracy in the capture cross section measurement relies on the discrimination between the γ-rays produced in capture and fission reactions, for which an experimental setup combining capture and fission detectors is needed.
Following this requirement, a new measurement has been performed at LANSCE combining the γ-ray array DANCE with the neutron detector NEUANCE to identify fission and neutron-capture events.
This measurement will provide results of the 233U capture-to-fission ratio in the Resolved and Unresolved Resonance regions.
Thermal scattering law for ice based on neutron time-of-flight experiments carried out at the SEQUOIA spectrometer at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Authors: Jaiswal Vaibhav , Leal Luiz , Kolesnikov Alexander I. 
Published: May 2023

Precise estimation of neutron thermalization in moderators relies on high-fidelity thermal scattering cross-section data governed by the thermal scattering law (TSL). The Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) has been working on the development of improved TSL for light water ice. Many polymorphic phases of light water ice exist depending on the thermodynamic conditions. The most common type of ice at standard pressure and temperature below water freezing point (273.15 K) is ice-Ih. It is essential to have high-resolution experimental double differential data for developing and/or validating TSL for moderator materials.Existing experimental double-differential scattering data for ice-Ih are extremely sparse and of limited quality. New high-quality double-differential measurements for ice-Ih over multiple temperatures and incident neutron energies would directly support the validation and improvement of ice-Ih TSL models for criticality safety applications.
Series of time-of-flight (TOF) inelastic neutron scattering experiments on ice-Ih at temperatures starting at 271 K and down to 6 K, have been carried out at the SEQUOIA spectrometer at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), United States. The experiments have been performed for incident neutron energies, Ei= 11, 55, 160, 250, and 600 meV, to explore different excitation energies in the vibrational phonon spectrum. This paper presents the thermodynamic conditions and the details of the TOF measurements on ice-Ih and the derived phonon spectrum from the experimentally measured double differential data. A study of the variation of the phonon spectrum of ice-Ih as a function of temperature is highlighted, and a preliminary TSL evaluation is developed based on the experimental phonon spectrum.
Gewichtsveränderungen bei Pflegeheimbewohner*innen:
Eine retrospektive Analyse von Routinedaten
Authors: Graeb Fabian , Wolke Reinhold , Reiber Petra , Essig Gundula , Berger Bianca 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Ungewollte Gewichtsverluste und daraus resultierende
Mangelernährung sind unter anderem mit steigendem Alter,
Morbidität und Pflegebedürftigkeit assoziiert. Somit
könnte ein allmählicher Gewichtsrückgang als weiteres
physiologisches Alterssymptom erscheinen.
Fragestellung und Methodik Anhand von Routinedaten aus sechs
Pflegeeinrichtungen soll der Frage nachgegangen werden, wie sich das Gewicht
über drei Jahre (t0-t6) bei 540 hochaltrigen,
pflegebedürftigen Bewohner*innen entwickelt, welche Faktoren ein
stabiles Gewicht begünstigen und ob sich auch in dieser Gruppe eine
Assoziation von Gewichtsverlusten und Mortalität zeigt.
Ergebnisse Im ersten Halbjahr verlieren 24,2% (n=112)
mindestens 5% ihres Körpergewichtes, 31,1%
(n=144) weisen ein Mangelernährungsrisiko auf. Bis t4
(N=308) sind 57,5% (n = 177) gewichtsstabil,
wobei ein niedrigeres Alter und Pflegegrad eher positiv, Klinikaufenthalte eher
negativ mit den Gewichtsverläufen assoziiert sind. Die Cox Regression
zeigt ein signifikant steigendes Mortalitätsrisiko mit zunehmendem Alter
(HR 1,032; p<0,001), akuten Schmerzen (HR 10,321; p<0,001),
einem Gewichtsverlust von≥5% des Körpergewichtes im
ersten Halbjahr (HR 2,024; p<0,001) sowie bei hohem Pflegegrad (HR
1,872; p<0,001) und Ischämischen Herzkrankheiten (HR 1,491;
p=0,008). Ein initial höherer BMI (HR ,964; p=0,013) ist
dagegen mit einem reduzierten Risiko assoziiert.
Schlussfolgerung Es deutet sich an, dass die beobachteten Gewichtsverluste
zumindest anteilig einem physiologischen Alterungsprozesses zuordnen lassen. Ein
besonderes Augenmerk bei Interventionen (präventiv oder kurativ) ist
demzufolge in der Gruppe hochaltriger, pflegebedürftiger Menschen auf
den Erhalt der Lebensqualität zu legen.
M2Q oder doch etwas Anderes? Der Einfluss verschiedener
Aufgreifkriterien auf die Prävalenzschätzung chronischer
Erkrankungen mit ambulanten GKV-Diagnosedaten
Authors: Epping Jelena , Stahmeyer Jona T. , Tetzlaff Fabian , Tetzlaff Juliane 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziele Zur Ermittlung der Prävalenz von chronischen Erkrankungen
auf Basis von ambulanten Krankenkassendaten wird häufig auf eine
wiederholte Nennung einer Diagnose im Laufe eines Jahres
zurückgegriffen, meist in zwei oder mehr Quartalen (M2Q). Dabei bleibt
bisher unklar, ob sich die Prävalenzschätzungen stark
verändern, wenn anstatt zwei Nennungen in unterschiedlichen Quartalen
nur eine Diagnosenennung oder wenn andere Festlegungen als Aufgreifkriterium
angewendet werden. Ziel dieser Studie ist daher die Anwendung unterschiedlicher
Aufgreifkriterien und die Analyse der Auswirkungen dieser Aufgreifkriterien auf
die Prävalenzschätzungen auf Basis von ambulanten
Diagnosedaten.
Methodik Für acht ausgewählte chronische Erkrankungen
wurde die administrative Prävalenz auf Basis der ambulanten
ärztlichen Diagnosen im Jahr 2019 ermittelt. Dabei wurden fünf
verschiedene Aufgreifkriterien verwendet: (1) einmalige Nennung, (2) zweimalige
Nennung (auch im selben Quartal oder Behandlungsfall), (3) Nennung in mindestens
zwei Behandlungsfällen (auch im selben Quartal), (4) Nennung in zwei
Quartalen und (5) Nennung in zwei aufeinander folgenden Quartalen. Für
die Analysen wurden die Daten der im Jahr 2019 durchgehend bei der AOK
Niedersachsen versicherten Personen verwendet (n=2 168 173).
Ergebnisse In Abhängigkeit von der Diagnose und der Altersgruppe
zeigten sich teilweise größere Unterschiede zwischen den
Prävalenzschätzungen bei den Kriterien der wiederholten Nennung
einer Diagnose verglichen mit der einmaligen Nennung. Diese Unterschiede in den
ermittelten Prävalenzen fielen insbesondere unter Männern und
jüngeren Versicherten recht deutlich aus. Bei der Anwendung der
zweimaligen Nennung (Kriterium 2) unterschieden sich die Ergebnisse nicht von
der Prävalenz, die durch Nennung in mindestens zwei
Behandlungsfällen (Kriterium 3) oder zwei Quartalen (Kriterium 4)
ermittelt wurde. Die Anwendung des strengen Kriteriums von zwei aufeinander
folgenden Quartalen (Kriterium 5) führte zur weiteren Verringerung der
ermittelten Prävalenz.
Schlussfolgerung Die Nutzung der Kriterien der wiederholten Nennung einer
Diagnose, die sich zunehmend als Standard zur Diagnosevalidierung in
Krankenkassendaten durchsetzt, führt zu einem teilweise deutlichen
Absinken der Prävalenz. Auch die Definition der Studienpopulation
(z. B. wiederholter Kontakt zu niedergelassenen Ärzt:innen in
zwei aufeinander folgenden Quartalen als zwingende Bedingung) kann die
Prävalenzschätzung stark beeinflussen.
Enterale Ernährungstherapien beim pädiatrischen M.
Crohn Anwendungen und Wirkweise
Authors: Hörning André , Schmidt-Choudhury Anjona 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Inzidenz chronisch-entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen (CED), insbesondere
des Morbus Crohn, nimmt weltweit deutlich zu. Externe Umweltfaktoren,
einschließlich der alltäglichen westlich-industrialisierten
Ernährung, welche sich u. a. durch einen hohen Anteil
prozessierter industriell hergestellter Lebensmittel auszeichnet, spielen eine
Schlüsselrolle im Pathomechanismus der Krankheit.Ernährungsspezifische Maßnahmen nehmen seit jeher eine zentrale
Rolle bei der Behandlung der CED ein. Der erfolgreiche Einsatz der exklusiven
enteralen Ernährung (EET), die als Induktionstherapie der ersten Wahl
bei pädiatrischem Morbus Crohn (MC) gilt, spricht deutlich für
einen Zusammenhang zwischen Ernährung und CED. Die EET wird alleinig
oder im Verlauf der Erkrankung und auch beim hochaktiven MC in Kombination mit
Immunmodulatoren eingesetzt. Einziger Nachteil dieser hocheffizienten
Ernährungstherapie ist die Geschmacksmonotonie, die eine reduzierte
Therapieadhärenz mit sich bringt. Die intestinale Mikrobiota und deren
Stoffwechselaktivität (Mikrobiom) scheinen ebenso eine wichtige Rolle
für die Pathogenese zu spielen, da Kinder und Jugendliche mit Morbus
Crohn oder Colitis ulcerosa diesbezüglich häufig
ausgeprägte Veränderungen aufweisen. Es ist bekannt, dass die
Zusammensetzung der intestinalen Mikrobiota stark von der Ernährung
beeinflusst wird. Auch die EET kann durch Ausschluss potenziell
schädlicher Nahrungsbestandteile die Darmmikrobiota modifizieren und zur
mukosalen Heilung führen.Diätetische Interventionen könnten demnach eine sehr
nebenwirkungsarme Möglichkeit darstellen, den MC zu behandeln und der
Manifestation bei genetisch prädisponierten Individuen
möglicherweise sogar vorzubeugen. Auf der Grundlage der
Nährstoffzusammensetzung der EET hat daher die Suche nach einer
geschmacklich verbesserten und gleichzeitig wirksamen Diät begonnen, die
Ergebnisse dieser alternativen Ernährungsstrategien erscheinen
vielversprechend.Dieser Übersichtsartikel soll den Wirkmechanismus der exklusiven
enteralen Eliminationsdiät und moderner ernährungsmedizinischer
Therapiestrategien aufzeigen sowie den aktuellen Stand der wissenschaftlichen
Erkenntnisse, die deren Wirksamkeit bei der Behandlung des pädiatrischen
MC belegen, zusammenfassen. Insbesondere sollen dabei die möglichen
pathophysiologischen Mechanismen, die der Remissionsinduktion und -erhaltung
zugrunde liegen, auch im Hinblick auf Veränderungen des Darmmikrobioms
beleuchtet werden.
Dexmedetomidine Opioid Sparing Effect in Mechanically Ventilated Children (DOSE): Trial of Fentanyl versus Fentanyl + Dexmedetomidine for Maintenance of Sedation
Authors: Becker Mara L. , Fischer Gwenyth , Hornik Chi D. , Alibrahim Omar , Iheagwara Kelechi , Abulebda Kamal , Bass Andora L. , Irby Katherine , Subbaswamy Anjali , Zivick Elizabeth E. , Sweney Jill , Stormorken Anne G. , Barker Erin E. , Mahadaveiah Shruthi , Lutfi Riad , McCrory Michael C. , Costello John M. , Ackerman Kate G. , Munoz-Pareja Jennifer C. , Feger Bryan J. , Dean J. Michael , Hanley Daniel F. , Greenberg Rachel G. , Avadhani Radhika , Thompson Richard E. , Benjamin Daniel K. , Hornik Christoph P. , Zimmerman Kanecia O. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives This article observes the mean daily dose of fentanyl required for adequate sedation in critically ill, mechanically ventilated children randomized to receive dexmedetomidine or placebo.
Methods We conducted Dexmedetomidine Opioid Sparing Effect in Mechanically Ventilated Children (DOSE), a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-escalating trial. We enrolled children aged 35 weeks postmenstrual to 17 years (inclusive) admitted across 13 pediatric multidisciplinary and cardiac intensive care units. Adequate sedation was based on a State Behavioral Score and Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale of –1 or lower. Only the first two dexmedetomidine dosing cohorts opened for enrollment, due to early trial closure during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic. Thirty children were randomized over 13 months and included in the analyses.
Results Demographic and baseline characteristics were not different between dexmedetomidine and placebo cohorts. Similarly, mean daily fentanyl use was not different, using an unadjusted mixed regression model that considered treatment, time, and a treatment-by-time interaction. Adverse events and safety events of special interest were not different between cohorts.
Conclusion The DOSE trial revealed that dexmedetomidine added to fentanyl does not impact safety and may not spare fentanyl use in critically ill children, although the trial did not meet its recruitment goals, due to early closure during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic. More rigorous inpatient pediatric trials like DOSE that study critically ill, mechanically ventilated children are needed. Despite the many obstacles faced, the DOSE trial presents challenges from which the greater research community can learn and use to optimize future therapeutic trials in children.
Quantifying the effects of dissolved nitrogen and carbon dioxide on drying pressure of hydrophobic nanopores
Authors: Binyaminov Hikmat , Elliott Janet A. W. 
Published: May 2023

The effects of a dissolved gas on the behavior of liquid in cylindrical nanopores are investigated in the framework of Gibbsian composite system thermodynamics and classical nucleation theory. An equation is derived relating the phase equilibrium of a mixture of a subcritical solvent and a supercritical gas to the curvature of the liquid–vapor interface. Both the liquid and the vapor phases are treated nonideally, which is shown to be important for the accuracy of the predictions in the case of water with dissolved nitrogen or carbon dioxide. The behavior of water in nanoconfinement is found to be only affected when the gas amount is significantly more than the saturation concentration of these gases at atmospheric conditions. However, such concentrations can be easily reached at high pressures during intrusion if there is sufficient gas present in the system, especially considering gas oversolubility in confinement. By including an adjustable line tension term in the free energy equation (−44 pJ/m for all points), the theory can make predictions in line with the few data points available from recent experimental work. However, we note that such a fitted value empirically accounts for multiple effects and should not be interpreted as the energy of the three-phase contact line. Compared to molecular dynamics simulations, our method is easy to implement, requires minimal computational resources, and is not limited to small pore sizes and/or short simulation times. It provides an efficient path for first-order estimation of the metastability limit of water–gas solutions in nanopores.
Effects of a large wildfire on the community composition of medium and large mammals in a neotropical savannah
Authors: Nunes Bruna A. , Cunha André , Vieira Emerson M. 
Published: May 2023

Background The Cerrado is a neotropical savannah with high mammalian diversity where wildfires are rather common and highly relevant to its ecological patterns and processes. The effects of fire on Cerrado mammals, however, are poorly understood. Aims We investigated the effects of an unplanned large wildfire (burned area ~66 000 ha) on medium and large mammals in a Cerrado area in Brazil, focusing on fire-driven changes in community composition up to 3 years after fire. Methods We evaluated burned and unburned sites before and after the wildfire, using 54 camera traps between 2017 and 2020. Total trap effort was 6334 days (unburned areas) and 7670 days (burned areas). Key results We recorded 25 species in burned and 19 in unburned areas. Fire markedly affected the community up to 3 years after burning. A canonical correspondence analysis indicated that herbivores (tapirs and pampas deer) were common in the burned areas, with an increase in the relative abundance of carnivores the second year after fire. Conclusions Community-level responses were complex, with guild-dependent changes and effects still detected 3 years after fire. Implications Management strategies that include patch mosaic burns (with areas unburned and burned 1 and 2 years earlier) could contribute to maintenance of local mammal diversity.
Solvo/hydrothermal upcycling of polyethylene plastic-waste into carbon-based nanocomposite for supercapacitor application
Authors: Kigozi Moses , Tebandeke Emmanuel , Baptist Kirabira John , Kasozi Gabriel N. 
Published: May 2023

One of the most worrying environmental issues affecting all forms of life, the economy, and natural ecosystems globally is the accumulation of polyethylene (PE) plastic garbage. Creating peaceful and environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional disposal techniques, like transforming plastic waste into cherished carbonaceous nanomaterials, is of utmost importance considering this threat. The current study carefully employed a cleaner upcycling technique to create carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) for supercapacitors. Using solvothermal/hydrothermal synthetic techniques, the PE waste was transformed into CNMs used in energy storage supercapacitors application. With an energy density of 21.6 W h kg−1 and a current density of 0.25 A g−1, the electrochemical test showed a specific capacitance of 155.5 F g−1. Additionally, the materials demonstrated 98.5% capacitance retention after 9000 cycles at a constant current density of 1.0 A g−1. Abbreviations: AC: activated carbon; CNM: carbon nanomaterials; CV: cyclic voltammetry; EC: electrochemical system; EDLC: electrical double layer capacitor; EIS: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; FESEM: field emission scanning electron microscopy; FTIR: Fourier transform infrared; GCD: galvanostatic charge–discharge; HDPE: high-density polyethene; KOH: potassium hydroxide; LLDPE: linear low-density polyethene; Mn: manganese; PE: polyethene; Rct: charge transfer resistance; SSA: specific surface area; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TGA: thermogravimetric analysis; UV–VIS: ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy; XRD: X-ray diffraction Highlights The article explored a low-temperature and non-emission upcycling method of polyethylene plastic waste into carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs). CNMs were characterised for physical–chemical properties using different characterisation techniques. The carbon material was used with other materials like activated carbon and manganese to produce nanocomposites tested for electrical double layer capacitor energy storage and exhibited higher energy density.