bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SCOPE: predicting future diagnoses in office visits using electronic health records
Authors: Mukherjee Pritam , Humbert-Droz Marie , Chen Jonathan H. , Gevaert Olivier 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe propose an interpretable and scalable model to predict likely diagnoses at an encounter based on past diagnoses and lab results. This model is intended to aid physicians in their interaction with the electronic health records (EHR). To accomplish this, we retrospectively collected and de-identified EHR data of 2,701,522 patients at Stanford Healthcare over a time period from January 2008 to December 2016. A population-based sample of patients comprising 524,198 individuals (44% M, 56% F) with multiple encounters with at least one frequently occurring diagnosis codes were chosen. A calibrated model was developed to predict ICD-10 diagnosis codes at an encounter based on the past diagnoses and lab results, using a binary relevance based multi-label modeling strategy. Logistic regression and random forests were tested as the base classifier, and several time windows were tested for aggregating the past diagnoses and labs. This modeling approach was compared to a recurrent neural network based deep learning method. The best model used random forest as the base classifier and integrated demographic features, diagnosis codes, and lab results. The best model was calibrated and its performance was comparable or better than existing methods in terms of various metrics, including a median AUROC of 0.904 (IQR [0.838, 0.954]) over 583 diseases. When predicting the first occurrence of a disease label for a patient, the median AUROC with the best model was 0.796 (IQR [0.737, 0.868]). Our modeling approach performed comparably as the tested deep learning method, outperforming it in terms of AUROC (p < 0.001) but underperforming in terms of AUPRC (p < 0.001). Interpreting the model showed that the model uses meaningful features and highlights many interesting associations among diagnoses and lab results. We conclude that the multi-label model performs comparably with RNN based deep learning model while offering simplicity and potentially superior interpretability. While the model was trained and validated on data obtained from a single institution, its simplicity, interpretability and performance makes it a promising candidate for deployment.
Fe–Mn nanocomposites doped graphene quantum dots alleviate salt stress of Triticum aestivum through osmolyte accumulation and antioxidant defense
Authors: Haydar Md Salman , Ali Salim , Mandal Palash , Roy Debadrita , Roy Mahendra Nath , Kundu Sourav , Kundu Sudipta , Choudhuri Chandrani 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of graphene quantum dots (GQD) and its nanocomposites on germination, growth, biochemical, histological, and major ROS detoxifying antioxidant enzyme activities involved in salinity stress tolerance of wheat. Seedlings were grown on nutrient-free sand and treatment solutions were applied through solid matrix priming and by foliar spray. Control seedlings under salinity stress exhibited a reduction in photosynthetic pigment, sugar content, growth, increased electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidation, whereas iron-manganese nanocomposites doped GQD (FM_GQD) treated seedlings were well adapted and performed better compared to control. Enzymatic antioxidants like catalase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase and NADPH oxidase were noted to increase by 40.5, 103.2, 130.19, and 141.23% respectively by application of FM_GQD. Histological evidence confirmed a lower extent of lipid peroxidation and safeguarding the plasma membrane integrity through osmolyte accumulation and redox homeostasis. All of these interactive phenomena lead to an increment in wheat seedling growth by 28.06% through FM_GQD application. These findings highlight that micronutrient like iron, manganese doped GQD can be a promising nano-fertilizer for plant growth and this article will serve as a reference as it is the very first report regarding the ameliorative role of GQD in salt stress mitigation.
Elevated glutamate impedes anti-HIV-1 CD8 + T cell responses in HIV-1-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Wang You-Yuan , Zhen Cheng , Hu Wei , Huang Hui-Huang , Li Yan-Jun , Zhou Ming-Ju , Li Jing , Fu Yu-Long , Zhang Peng , Li Xiao-Yu , Yang Tao , Song Jin-Wen , Fan Xing , Zou Jun , Meng Si-Run , Qin Ya-Qin , Jiao Yan-Mei , Xu Ruonan , Zhang Ji-Yuan , Zhou Chun-Bao , Yuan Jin-Hong , Huang Lei , Shi Ming , Cheng Liang , Wang Fu-Sheng , Zhang Chao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCD8 + T cells are essential for long-lasting HIV-1 control and have been harnessed to develop therapeutic and preventive approaches for people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). HIV-1 infection induces marked metabolic alterations. However, it is unclear whether these changes affect the anti-HIV function of CD8 + T cells. Here, we show that PLWH exhibit higher levels of plasma glutamate than healthy controls. In PLWH, glutamate levels positively correlate with HIV-1 reservoir and negatively correlate with the anti-HIV function of CD8 + T cells. Single-cell metabolic modeling reveals glutamate metabolism is surprisingly robust in virtual memory CD8 + T cells (TVM). We further confirmed that glutamate inhibits TVM cells function via the mTORC1 pathway in vitro. Our findings reveal an association between metabolic plasticity and CD8 + T cell-mediated HIV control, suggesting that glutamate metabolism can be exploited as a therapeutic target for the reversion of anti-HIV CD8 + T cell function in PLWH.
Pathways analysis to reducing aircraft emissions for China-Foreign routes
Authors: Cui Qiang , Lei Yi-lin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe rapid development of the aviation industry significantly impacts global climate change. The carbon Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) and Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs) are considered two essential ways for the aviation industry to reduce emissions. This paper uses China-foreign routes, the fastest growing region in the world, as an example to calculate the actual emissions (CO2, CO, HC, NOx, SO2, and PM2.5), calculate the Carbon Dioxide Equivalent Concentration (CDEC) using the Aviation FAIR-GWP concentration method, to compare the role of the ETS and SAFs in controlling emissions until the year 2100. The results show that SAFs are more effective in controlling the pollutant emissions of the aircraft than ETS, as ETS mainly covers CO2 and ignores other greenhouse gases. However, the best way is to combine SAFs and ETS; the combined effect is much better than SAFs alone or ETS alone. The research results provide systematic suggestions for the aviation industry to reduce emissions effectively.
Disparate genetic divergence patterns in three corals across a pan-Pacific environmental gradient highlight species-specific adaptation
Authors: Voolstra Christian R. , Hume Benjamin C. C. , Armstrong Eric J. , Mitushasi Guinther , Porro Barbara , Oury Nicolas , Agostini Sylvain , Boissin Emilie , Poulain Julie , Carradec Quentin , Paz-García David A. , Zoccola Didier , Magalon Hélène , Moulin Clémentine , Bourdin Guillaume , Iwankow Guillaume , Romac Sarah , Banaigs Bernard , Boss Emmanuel , Bowler Chris , de Vargas Colomban , Douville Eric , Flores Michel , Furla Paola , Galand Pierre E. , Gilson Eric , Lombard Fabien , Pesant Stéphane , Reynaud Stéphanie , Sullivan Matthew B. , Sunagawa Shinichi , Thomas Olivier P. , Troublé Romain , Thurber Rebecca Vega , Wincker Patrick , Planes Serge , Allemand Denis , Forcioli Didier 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTropical coral reefs are among the most affected ecosystems by climate change and face increasing loss in the coming decades. Effective conservation strategies that maximize ecosystem resilience must be informed by the accurate characterization of extant genetic diversity and population structure together with an understanding of the adaptive potential of keystone species. Here we analyzed samples from the Tara Pacific Expedition (2016–2018) that completed an 18,000 km longitudinal transect of the Pacific Ocean sampling three widespread corals—Pocillopora meandrina, Porites lobata, and Millepora cf. platyphylla—across 33 sites from 11 islands. Using deep metagenomic sequencing of 269 colonies in conjunction with morphological analyses and climate variability data, we can show that despite a targeted sampling the transect encompasses multiple cryptic species. These species exhibit disparate biogeographic patterns and, most importantly, distinct evolutionary patterns in identical environmental regimes. Our findings demonstrate on a basin scale that evolutionary trajectories are species-specific and can only in part be predicted from the environment. This highlights that conservation strategies must integrate multi-species investigations to discern the distinct genomic footprints shaped by selection as well as the genetic potential for adaptive change.
Reconstitution of ATP-dependent lipid transporters: gaining insight into molecular characteristics, regulation, and mechanisms
Authors: Herrera Sara Abad , Günther Pomorski Thomas 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Lipid transporters play a crucial role in supporting essential cellular processes such as organelle assembly, vesicular trafficking, and lipid homeostasis by driving lipid transport across membranes. Cryo-electron microscopy has recently resolved the structures of several ATP-dependent lipid transporters, but functional characterization remains a major challenge. Although studies of detergent-purified proteins have advanced our understanding of these transporters, in vitro evidence for lipid transport is still limited to a few ATP-dependent lipid transporters. Reconstitution into model membranes, such as liposomes, is a suitable approach to study lipid transporters in vitro and to investigate their key molecular features. In this review, we discuss the current approaches for reconstituting ATP-driven lipid transporters into large liposomes and common techniques used to study lipid transport in proteoliposomes. We also highlight the existing knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms that modulate the activity of lipid transporters, and finally, we address the limitations of the current approaches and future perspectives in this field.
Language-Specific Dual-Task Effects After Stroke: A Systematic Review
Authors: Salis Christos , Jarrar Rawand , Murray Laura L. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
The dual-task paradigm has been frequently used to examine stroke-related deficits because it samples behavioral performance under conditions of distraction similar to functioning in real-life environments. This original systematic review synthesizes studies that examined dual-task effects involving spoken language production in adults affected by stroke, including transient ischemic attack (TIA) and poststroke aphasia.

Method:
Five databases were searched (inception to March 2022) for eligible peer-reviewed articles. The 21 included studies reported a total of 561 stroke participants. Thirteen studies focused on single word production, for example, word fluency, and eight on discourse production, for example, storytelling. Most studies included participants who had suffered a major stroke. Six studies focused on aphasia, whereas no study focused on TIA. A meta-analysis was not appropriate because of the heterogeneity of outcome measures.

Results:
Some single word production studies found dual-task language effects whereas others did not. This finding was compounded by the lack of appropriate control participants. Most single word and discourse studies utilized motoric tasks in the dual-task condition. Our certainty (or confidence) assessment was based on a methodological appraisal of each study and information about reliability/fidelity. As 10 of the 21 studies included appropriate control groups and limited reliability/fidelity information, the certainty of the findings may be described as weak.

Conclusions:
Language-specific dual-task costs were identified in single word studies, especially those that focused on aphasia as well as half of the nonaphasia studies. Unlike single word studies, nearly all studies of discourse showed dual-task decrements on at least some variables.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23605311
The Language Environment at Home of Children With (a Suspicion of) a Developmental Language Disorder and Relations With Standardized Language Measures
Authors: Blom Elma , Fikkert Paula , Scheper Annette , van Witteloostuijn Merel , van Alphen Petra 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
This study compares the home language environments of children with (a suspicion of) developmental language disorder (DLD) with that of children with typical development (TD). It does so by adopting new technology that automatically provides metrics about children's language environment (Language ENvironment Analysis [LENA]). In addition, relationships between LENA metrics and standardized language tests are explored in the DLD group.

Method:
Ninety-nine 2- to 4-year-old toddlers participated: 59 with (a suspicion of) DLD and 40 with TD. LENA metrics on adult word count, conversational turn count, and child vocalization count were obtained. For all children, data on parental education and multilingualism were available. In the DLD group, data were collected on receptive and expressive vocabulary and grammar, and on nonverbal intelligence, using standardized tests.

Results:
We found lower adult word count, conversational turn count, and child vocalization count in the DLD group, independent of multilingualism but not of parental education. In the DLD group, receptive vocabulary was related to conversational turn count and child vocalization count, but not to adult word count. Expressive vocabulary, receptive grammar, and expressive grammar were not related to LENA metrics.

Conclusions:
Toddlers with (a suspicion of) DLD vocalize less at home than children with TD. They also hear fewer adult words and experience fewer conversational turns. Children with DLD's language outcomes are to a limited extent related to language environment at home. Conversational turns and child vocalizations are in this respect more important than adult words, in line with findings for TD populations.
HVDC grids stability enhancement through the integration of battery energy storage systems
Authors: Azizi Neda , Moradi Hassan , Rouzbehi Kumars , Mohammadi Fazel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn high voltage direct current (HVDC) grids, the reference values of power controllers are normally adjusted based on the DC‐link voltage as the DC voltage is regulated by the droop controllers. As a matter of fact, except for the DC slack bus, there is a trade‐off between power‐sharing and voltage regulation of all the remaining HVDC buses. The main issue with this control strategy is that in case of contingencies, significant voltage and power oscillations throughout HVDC grids can be expected. To address such issues, the integration of a battery energy storage system into HVDC grids through a multi‐port DC/DC power converter is investigated in this paper. The DC/DC converter used in this paper consists of three ports: (1) two ports are connected in cascade with the intended DC transmission line, formerly named cascaded power flow controller, and (2) the third port is for the integration of the battery energy storage system to form a multi‐functional device. Therefore, the proposed framework can potentially achieve small‐signal stability enhancement and regulate/adjust the power throughout the HVDC grids.
Revealing the structure of the lensed quasar Q 0957+561
Authors: Fian C. , Muñoz J. A. , Mediavilla E. , Jiménez-Vicente J. , Motta V. , Chelouche D. , Wurzer A. , Hanslmeier A. , Rojas K. 
Published: July 2023

Aims. Our aim is to examine the size, kinematics, and geometry of the broad-line region (BLR) in the double-lensed quasar Q 0957+561 by analyzing the impact of microlensing on various rest-frame ultraviolet broad-emission lines (BELs).
Methods. We explore the influence of intrinsic variability and microlensing on the C IV, C III], and Mg II emission lines through multiple spectroscopic observations taken between April 1999 and January 2017. By utilizing the line cores as a reference for no microlensing and correcting for the long time delay between the images, we estimate the sizes of the regions emitting the broad-line wings using a Bayesian approach.
Results. Our study of the microlensing amplitudes between the lensed images of the quasar Q 0957+561 reveals differing sizes of the regions emitting the three prominent BELs C IV, C III], and Mg II. The strength of the differential microlensing indicates that the high-ionization line C IV arises from a compact inner region of the BLR with a half-light radius of R1/2 ≳ 16.0 lt-days, which represents a lower limit on the overall size of the BLR and is comparable to the size of the region emitting the r-band continuum in this system. A somewhat larger size of R1/2 ≳ 44 lt-days is obtained for the semi-forbidden line C III]. Microlensing has a weak impact on the lower-ionization line Mg II, which is emitted from a region with a half-light radius of R1/2 ≳ 50 lt-days. These findings suggest that the BEL regions may have distinct geometries and kinematics, with the more extended ones being spherically symmetric, and the most compact ones being nonspherical, with motions likely confined to a plane.
New second-order optimality conditions in sub-riemannian geometry
Authors: Jóźwikowski Michał 
Published: July 2023

We study the geometry of the second-order expansion of the extended end-point map for the sub-Riemannian geodesic problem. Translating the geometric reality into equations we derive new second-order necessary optimality conditions in sub-Riemannian Geometry. In particular, we find an ODE for velocity of an abnormal sub-Riemannian geodesics. It allows to divide abnormal minimizers into two classes, which we propose to call 2-normal and 2-abnormal extremals. In the 2-normal case the above ODE completely determines the velocity of a curve, while in the 2-abnormal case the velocity is undetermined at some, or at all points. With some enhancement of the presented results it should be possible to prove the regularity of all 2-normal extremals (the 2-abnormal case seems to require study of higher-order conditions) thus making a step towards solving the problem of smoothness of sub-Riemannian abnormal geodesics. As a by-product we present a new derivation of Goh conditions. We also prove that the assumptions weaker than these used in [Boarotto, Monti, Palmurella, 2020] to derive third-order Goh conditions, imply piece-wise-C2 regularity of an abnormal extremal.
Marty me i Zuzi
Der Berliner Psychiater Eugen Wauschkuhn (1883–1948)
Authors: Suwa Beato 
Published: July 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer biografisch kaum beachtete Berliner Psychiater Eugen Wauschkuhn ist heute vor allem aufgrund eines im Jahre 1922 verfassten Artikels bekannt, in dem er sich sehr deutlich gegen die von Alfred Hoche propagierte „Vernichtung lebensunwerten Lebens“ positioniert. Das ist bemerkenswert, da er verschiedene spätere Entwicklungen im nationalsozialistischen Staat („Euthanasie“) teilweise detailliert voraussieht und vor solchen möglichen Folgen warnt. Archiv- und Literaturrecherchen sowie ein neu aufgefundener, längerer Brief von Eugen Wauschkuhn mit Datum vom 22.04.1921 zeigen einige neue Hintergrundinformationen auf und ergänzen die biografischen Angaben zu seiner Person.
Serum ADAMTS-9 Level in Newborn Babies with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Becerir Cem , Tayman Cüneyt , Kurt Abdullah , Çakır Ufuk , Koyuncu İsmail , Ceran Burak , Toprak Kenan , Kızılgün Murat 
Published: July 2023

Objective A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin-9 (ADAMTS-9), one of the ADAMTS enzymes, is expressed in all fetal tissues, unlike other ADAMTS enzymes, and is thus thought to play a role in fetal development. In this context, the objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between ADAMTS-9 activity and the development of congenital heart diseases (CHD) with a view to using ADAMTS-9 level as a biomarker for CHDs.
Study Design Newborns diagnosed with CHD and healthy newborns were included in the study as the CHD and control groups, respectively. Gestational age, maternal age, and mode of delivery information pertaining to the mothers and Apgar score and birthweight information pertaining to the newborns were recorded. Blood samples were taken from all newborns to determine their ADAMTS-9 levels in the first 24 hours of life.
Results Fifty-eight newborns with CHD and 46 healthy newborns were included in the study. Median ADAMTS-9 levels were 46.57 (interquartile range [IQR]: 33.31 [min: 26.92, max: 124.25]) and 23.36 (IQR: 5.48 [min: 11.7, max: 37.71]) ng/mL in the CHD and control groups, respectively. ADAMTS-9 levels in the CHD group were statistically significantly higher than in the control group (p = 0.000). ADAMTS-9 levels of the CHD and control groups were analyzed by the receiver operating characteristics curve. The area under the curve value for ADAMTS-9 levels of >27.86 ng/mL as the cut-off value for predicting the development of CHD in newborns was 0.836 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.753–0.900, p = 0.0001). ADAMTS-9 levels of >27.86 ng/mL were determined to predict the development of CHD in newborns with a sensitivity of 77.78% (95% CI: 65.5–87.38) and a specificity of 84.78% (95% CI: 71.1–93.60).
Conclusion In conclusion, it was found that the serum ADAMTS-9 levels were significantly higher in newborns with CHD than in healthy newborns. In parallel, ADAMTS-9 levels above a certain cut-off value were associated with CHD.
Key Points
Cylindrical Acoustic Gas Thermometry
Authors: Xing Li , Feng Xiao-Juan , Si Ming-Hao , Zhang Jin-Tao , Lin Hong , Gillis Keith A. , Moldover Michael R. 
Published: July 2023

We review recent determinations of the Boltzmann constant kB and the differences T − T90 that used cylindrical acoustic gas thermometry (c-AGT). These determinations measured the acoustic resonance frequencies of argon gas enclosed by metal-walled, cylindrical cavities. (Here, T is the thermodynamic temperature and T90 is the temperature measured on the International Temperature Scale of 1990, ITS-90.) In the range 234–303 K, the standard uncertainty of c-AGT ranges from 1.9 × 10−6T to 2.6 × 10−6T. This uncertainty is much smaller than the errors in ITS-90; therefore, c-AGT can help improve ITS-90. Moreover, we are extending c-AGT up to 1358 K. With increasing temperatures, c-AGT becomes advantageous relative to AGT based on quasi-spherical cavities because long cylindrical cavities (1) naturally fit into cylindrical heat pipes or multi-shelled thermostats; (2) provide the immersion required by transfer temperature standards, such as long-stemmed platinum resistance thermometers; and (3) have more useful, low-frequency acoustic resonances. In preparation for high-temperature c-AGT, we identified suitable materials for fabricating cylindrical cavities and we developed techniques for measuring acoustic resonance frequencies using sources and detectors outside the high-temperature thermostat. We also considered alternative test gases and optimal dimensions of cavities.