bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hygiene practices and factors influencing intestinal parasites among food handlers in the province of Belgarn, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alqarni Abdulrahman S. , Wakid Majed H. , Gattan Hattan S. 
Published: January 2023

Background
This study aimed to evaluate the association between socio-demographic status, and hygienic habits among food handlers with intestinal parasitic infections.

Methods
It was a cross-sectional study in which 112 participants were recruited, from Belgarn province of Saudi Arabia. The descriptive analysis was used to evaluate demographic data and categorical variables. The association between sociodemographic characteristics and Relative Risk regression analysis was performed for each investigated factor. p-value of <0.05, was assumed to be statistically significant.

Results
One hundred and twelve food handlers with a mean age of 33.5 ± 9.2 years were included in this study. The food handlers were from 15 different countries (11 Asians and four Africans). The majority of the food handlers were cooks (87, 77.7%), and waiters and dish washers (24, 21.4%). Among them, 106 (94.6%) used uniforms, and gloves at work. In hand washing practices, 104 (92.9%) wash their hands with soap before handling and preparing food and eight (7.1%) wash without soap, 98 (87.5%) wash with soap before meals and 14 (12.5%) wash without soap, 105 (93.8%) wash with soap after visiting toilets and seven (6.2%) wash without soap. Twenty-five (42.3%) of infected food handlers are not used to trim their fingernails. Intestinal infection was observed in 59 (52.68%) participants with mean age (32.5 ± 8.1 years) for infected participants.

Conclusion
In this study, food handlers had a high prevalence of intestinal parasites. Although some of the food handlers had a high level of education, the infection with intestinal parasites was detected. In addition to regular screening for intestinal parasites among food handlers, there is a need for educational programs on proper hygiene habits, modes of transmission and prevention of the infection.
Recent Developments in Enantioselective Domino Reactions. Part A: Noble Metal Catalysts
Authors: Pellissier Hélène 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis review updates the field of enantioselective domino reactions promoted by chiral catalysts derived from noble metals, including palladium, silver, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and gold, published since the beginning of 2019. It illustrates how much a diversity of these catalysts allow unprecedented asymmetric domino reactions of many types to be achieved with excellent enantioselectivity, giving a direct access to a wide variety of complex chiral molecules.magnified image
Recycling Microplastics to Fabricate Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: From Removal of Environmental Troubles via Electrocoagulation to Useful Resources
Authors: Lee Jinhee , Kim Yong‐Tae , Choi Jinsub 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectrocoagulation is an evolving technology for the abatement of a broad range of pollutants in wastewater owing to its flexibility, easy setup, and eco‐friendly nature. Here, environment‐friendly strategies for the separation, retreatment, and utilization of microplastics via electrocoagulation are investigated. The findings show that the flocs generated by forming Fe3O4 on the surface of polyethylene (PE) particles are easily separated using a magnetic force with high efficiency of 98.4%. In the photodegradation of the obtained flocs, it is confirmed that Fe3O4 shall be removed for the efficient generation of free radicals, leading to the highly efficient photolysis of PE. The removed Fe3O4 can be recycled into iron‐oxalate compounds, which can be used in battery applications. In addition, it is suggested that heat treatment of Fe3O4–PE flocs in an Ar atmosphere leads to forming Fe3O4 core–carbon shell nanoparticles, which show excellent performance as anodes in lithium‐ion batteries. The proposed composite exhibits an excellent capacity of 1123 mAh g−1 at the current density of 0.5 A g−1 after 600 cycles with a negative fading phenomenon. This study offers insight into a new paradigm of recyclable processes, from environmental issues such as microplastics to using energy materials.
Droplet Encoding‐Pairing Enabled Multiplexed Digital Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Simultaneous Quantitative Detection of Multiple Pathogens
Authors: Cai Dongyang , Wang Yu , Zou Jingjing , Li Zhujun , Huang Enqi , Ouyang Xiuyun , Que Zhiquan , Luo Yanzhang , Chen Zhenhua , Jiang Yanqing , Zhang Guohao , Wu Hongkai , Liu Dayu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite the advantages of digital nucleic acid analysis (DNAA) in terms of sensitivity, precision, and resolution, current DNAA methods commonly suffer a limitation in multiplexing capacity. To address this issue, a droplet encoding‐pairing enabled DNAA multiplexing strategy is developed, wherein unique tricolor combinations are deployed to index individual primer droplets. The template droplets and primer droplets are sequentially introduced into a microfluidic chip with a calabash‐shaped microwell array and are pairwise trapped and merged in the microwells. Pre‐merging and post‐amplification image analysis with a machine learning algorithm is used to identify, enumerate, and address the droplets. By incorporating the amplification signals with droplet encoding information, simultaneous quantitative detection of multiple targets is achieved. This strategy allows for the establishment of flexible multiplexed DNAA by simply adjusting the primer droplet library. Its flexibility is demonstrated by establishing two multiplexed (8‐plex) droplet digital loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (mddLAMP) assays for individually detecting lower respiratory tract infection and urinary tract infection causative pathogens. Clinical sample analysis shows that the microbial detection outcomes of the mddLAMP assays are consistent with those of the conventional assay. This DNAA multiplexing strategy can achieve flexible high‐order multiplexing on demand, making it a desirable tool for high‐content pathogen detection.
Post‐synthesis amination of polymer of intrinsic microporosity membranes for CO2 separation
Authors: Chen Lidan , Su Pengcheng , Liu Jiandang , Chen Shizheng , Huang Junping , Huang Xinxi , Zhang Hongjun , Ye Bangjiao , Yang Wulin , Li Wanbin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMembrane separation is an energy‐saving technology for carbon capture. However, it is subjected to permeability‐selectivity trade‐off limitation. Although chemical functionalization is proposed to boost separation efficiency, controlling sorption–diffusion process remains extremely challenging. In this study, a facile, controllable, and versatile chemical vapor amination strategy is reported to simultaneously tune gas sorption and diffusion in polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM)‐based membranes for improving carbon capture performance. Through simple exposure in amine vapors under mild conditions, nucleophilic substitution of amines toward ether and halogen groups induce grafting, ring‐opening, terminal replacement, chain‐scission, and crosslinking of PIM‐1, thereby underpinning CO2‐philicity and tailoring passageway. The prepared CO2‐philic membranes exhibit substantially improved CO2/N2 selectivity over 30.8, about 226% as that of original one, accompanied by high CO2 permeability of 2590 Barrer, which can surpass the trade‐off upper bound of polymer membranes. Our results reveal that post‐synthesis amination is an effective route to obtain high‐performance membranes.
Does Alzheimer's disease with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy represent a distinct disease subtype?
Authors: Zawar Ifrah , Kapur Jaideep 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) patients have a high risk of developing mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and subclinical epileptiform activity. MTLE in AD worsens outcomes. Therefore, we need to understand the overlap between these disease processes. We hypothesize that AD with MTLE represents a distinct subtype of AD, with the interplay between tau and epileptiform activity at its core. We discuss shared pathological features including histopathology, an initial mesial temporal lobe (MTL) hyperexcitability followed by MTL dysfunction and involvement of same networks in memory (AD) and seizures (MTLE). We provide evidence that tau accumulation linearly increases neuronal hyperexcitability, neuronal hyper‐excitability increases tau secretion, tau can provoke seizures, and tau reduction protects against seizures. We speculate that AD genetic mutations increase tau, which causes proportionate neuronal loss and/or hyperexcitability, leading to seizures. We discuss that tau burden in MTLE predicts cognitive deficits among (1) AD and (2) MTLE without AD. Finally, we explore the possibility that anti‐seizure medications improve cognition by reducing neuronal hyper‐excitability, which reduces seizures and tau accumulation and spread.Highlights
We hypothesize that patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) represents a distinct subtype of AD.
AD and MTLE share histopathological features and involve overlapping neuronal and cortical networks.
Hyper‐phosphorylated tau (pTau) increases neuronal excitability and provoke seizures, neuronal excitability increases pTau, and pTau reduction reduces neuronal excitability and protects against seizures.
The pTau burden in MTL predicts cognitive deficits among (1) AD and (2) MTLE without AD.
We speculate that anti‐seizure medications improve cognition by reducing neuronal excitability, which reduces seizures and pTau.
Enhanced Interfacial Electron Transfer by Asymmetric Cu‐Ov‐In Sites on In2O3 for Efficient Peroxymonosulfate Activation
Authors: Zhao Zhiyong , Wang Pengfei , Song Chunlin , Zhang Tao , Zhan Sihui , Li Yi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEnhancing the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation efficiency to generate more radicals is vital to promote the Fenton‐like reaction activity, however, how to promote the PMS adsorption and accelerate the interfacial electron transfer to boost its activation kinetics remains a great challenge. Herein, we prepared Cu‐doped defect‐rich In2O3 (Cu‐In2O3/Ov) catalysts containing asymmetric Cu−Ov−In sites for PMS activation in water purification. The intrinsic catalytic activity is that the side‐on adsorption configuration of the O−O bond (Cu−O−O−In) at the Cu‐Ov‐In sites significantly stretches the O−O bond length. Meanwhile, the Cu‐Ov‐In sites increase the electron density near the Fermi energy level, promoting more and faster electron transfer to the O−O bond for generating more SO4⋅− and ⋅OH. The degradation rate constant of tetracycline achieved by Cu‐In2O3/Ov is 31.8 times faster than In2O3/Ov, and it shows the possibility of membrane reactor for practical wastewater treatment.
Passivating Lithiated Graphite via Targeted Repair of SEI to Inhibit Exothermic Reactions in Early‐Stage of Thermal Runaway for Safer Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Yuanke , Zeng Ziqi , Lei Sheng , Liu Mengchuang , Zhong Wei , Qin Mingsheng , Cheng Shijie , Xie Jia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe self‐exothermic in early stage of thermal runaway (TR) is blasting‐fuse for Li‐ion battery safety issues. The exothermic reaction between lithiated graphite (LiCx) and electrolyte accounts for onset of this behavior. However, preventing the deleterious reaction still encounters hurdles. Here, we manage to inhibit this reaction by passivating LiCxin real time via targeted repair of SEI. It is shown that 1,3,5‐trimethyl‐1,3,5‐tris(3,3,3‐trifluoropropyl)cyclotrisiloxane (D3F) can be triggered by LiCxto undergo ring‐opening polymerization at elevated temperature, so as to targeted repair of fractured SEI. Due to the high thermal stability of polymerized D3F, exothermic reaction between LiCxand electrolyte is inhibited. As a result, the self‐exothermic and TR trigger temperatures of pouch cell are increased from 159.6 and 194.2 °C to 300.5 and 329.7 °C. This work opens up a new avenue for designing functional additives to block initial exothermal reaction and inhibit TR in early stage.
Interface Design Enabling Stable Polymer/Thiophosphate Electrolyte Separators for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Huo Hanyu , Jiang Ming , Mogwitz Boris , Sann Joachim , Yusim Yuriy , Zuo Tong‐Tong , Moryson Yannik , Minnmann Philip , Richter Felix H. , Veer Singh Chandra , Janek Jürgen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOrganic/inorganic interfaces greatly affect Li+ transport in composite solid electrolytes (SEs), while SE/electrode interfacial stability plays a critical role in the cycling performance of solid‐state batteries (SSBs). However, incomplete understanding of interfacial (in)stability hinders the practical application of composite SEs in SSBs. Herein, chemical degradation between Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is revealed. The high polarity of PEG changes the electronic state and structural bonding of the PS43− tetrahedra, thus triggering a series of side reactions. A substituted terminal group of PEG not only stabilizes the inner interfaces but also extends the electrochemical window of the composite SE. Moreover, a LiF‐rich layer can effectively prevent side reactions at the Li/SE interface. The results provide insights into the chemical stability of polymer/sulfide composites and demonstrate an interface design to achieve dendrite‐free lithium metal batteries.
Polar Phosphorus Chalcogenide Cage Molecules: Enhancement of Nonlinear Optical Properties in Adducts
Authors: Yang Shunda , Lin Chensheng , Fan Huixin , Chen Kaichuang , Zhang Ge , Ye Ning , Luo Min 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInorganic adducts are an emerging class of infrared nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. However, although the reported NLO adducts have sufficient birefringences and significant laser‐induced damage thresholds (LIDTs), they commonly suffer from weak second harmonic generation (SHG) responses. In this work, a series of polar phosphorus chalcogenide cage molecules with strong hyperpolarizabilities were theoretically screened out to enhance the SHG responses of adducts. Accordingly, (CuI)3(P4S4), (CuI)3(P4Se4), (CuBr)7(P4S3)3 and (CuBr)7(P4Se3)3 with target polar cage molecules were successfully synthesized. As expected, they exhibit enhanced SHG responses while keeping moderate birefringences and high LIDTs. Notably, (CuBr)7(P4Se3)3 possesses the largest SHG response (3.5×AGS@2.05 μm) among the known inorganic NLO adducts. Our study confirms that introducing NLO‐active cage molecules into adducts is an efficient strategy for high‐performance NLO materials.
Reverse Engineering Caged Compounds: Design Principles for their Application in Biology
Authors: Ellis‐Davies Graham C. R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLight passes through biological tissue, and so it is used for imaging biological processes in situ. Such observation is part of the very essence of science, but mechanistic understanding requires intervention. For more than 50 years a “second function” for light has emerged; namely, that of photochemical control. Caged compounds are biologically inert signaling molecules that are activated by light. These optical probes enable external instruction of biological processes by stimulation of an individual element in complex signaling cascades in its native environment. Cause and effect are linked directly in spatial, temporal, and frequency domains in a quantitative manner by their use. I provide a guide to the basic properties required to make effective caged compounds for the biological sciences.
Stress‐Induced Inversion of Linear Dichroism by 4,4′‐Bipyridine Rotation in a Superelastic Organic Single Crystal
Authors: Li Yu‐Xia , Liu Zhi‐Kun , Cao Jie , Tao Jun , Yao Zi‐Shuo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe molecular crystals that manifest unusual mechanical properties have attracted growing attention. Herein, we prepared an organic single crystal that shows bidirectional superelastic transformation in response to shear stress. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffractions revealed this crystal‐twinning related shape change is owed to a stress‐controlled 90° rotation of 4,4′‐bipyridine around the hydrogen bonds of a chiral organic trimer. As a consequence of the 90° shift in the aromatic plane, an interconversion of crystallographic a‐, b‐axes (a→b′ and b→a′) was detected. The molecular rotations changed the anisotropic absorption of linearly polarized light. Therefore, a stress‐induced inversion of linear dichroism spectra was demonstrated for the first time. This study reveals the superior mechanical flexibilities of single crystals can be realized by harnessing the molecular rotations and this superelastic crystal may find applications in optical switching and communications.
Modulating Cation Migration and Deposition with Xylitol Additive and Oriented Reconstruction of Hydrogen Bonds for Stable Zinc Anodes
Authors: Wang Hongfei , Ye Wuquan , Yin Bowen , Wang Kexin , Riaz Muhammad Sohail , Xie Bin‐Bin , Zhong Yijun , Hu Yong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHighly reversible plating/stripping in aqueous electrolytes is one of the critical processes determining the performance of Zn‐ion batteries, but it is severely impeded by the parasitic side reaction and dendrite growth. Herein, a novel electrolyte engineering strategy is first proposed based on the usage of 100 mM xylitol additive, which inhibits hydrogen evolution reaction and accelerates cations migration by expelling active H2O molecules and weakening electrostatic interaction through oriented reconstruction of hydrogen bonds. Concomitantly, xylitol molecules are preferentially adsorbed by Zn surface, which provides a shielding buffer layer to retard the sedimentation and suppress the planar diffusion of Zn2+ ions. Zn2+ transference number and cycling lifespan of Zn∥Zn cells have been significantly elevated, overwhelmingly larger than bare ZnSO4. The cell coupled with a NaV3O8 cathode still behaves much better than the additive‐free device in terms of capacity retention.
Single‐Crystal Superstructures via Hierarchical Assemblies of Giant Rubik's Cubes as Tertiary Building Units
Authors: Hu Bing , Wen Wei‐Yang , Sun Hai‐Yan , Wang Yan‐Qi , Du Ke‐Zhao , Ma Wen , Zou Guo‐Dong , Wu Zhao‐Feng , Huang Xiao‐Ying 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntricate superstructures possess unusual structural features and promising applications. The preparation of superstructures with single‐crystalline nature are conducive to understanding the structure–property relationship, however, remains an intriguing challenge. Herein we put forward a new hierarchical assembly strategy towards rational and precise construction of intricate single‐crystal superstructures. Firstly, two unprecedented superclusters in Rubik's cube's form with a size of ≈2×2×2 nm3are constructed by aggregation of eight {Pr4Sb12} oxohalide clusters as secondary building units (SBUs). Then, the Rubik's cubes further act as isolable tertiary building units (TBUs) to assemble diversified single‐crystal superstructures. Importantly, intermediate assembly states are captured, which helps illustrate the evolution of TBU‐based superstructures and thus provides a profound understanding of the assembly process of superstructures at the atomic level.
Substituted Isocoumarins: An Assemble of Synthetic Strategies Towards 3‐Substituted and 3,4‐Disubstituted Isocoumarins
Authors: Chutia Kangkana , Sarmah Manashi , Gogoi Pranjal 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe versatility of isocoumarin frameworks offers the privilege to access many pharmacological targets. This unique heterocycle core present in many natural products and complex organic molecules contribute to medicinal chemistry as anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents. The attractive properties exhibited by its analogues urged the scientists to explore their synthetic analogues. In regard to the myriads of synthetic methodologies, we have compiled a review update covering all the articles that have been published towards the synthesis of 3‐substituted and 3,4‐disubstituted isocoumarins. Additionally, we have also highlighted a systematic survey of catalytic methods for their synthesis along with their scope towards diverse functionalizations and plausible mechanistic aspects.
The Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Symptom Scale: Development and validation of a patient‐reported outcome measure
Authors: Newlands Abigail F. , Roberts Lindsey , Maxwell Kayleigh , Kramer Melissa , Price Jessica L. , Finlay Katherine A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to develop and validate a tailored patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM) evaluating the patient experience of recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) symptom severity. This measure was designed to supplement clinical testing methods, allowing full assessment of the patient experience of rUTI symptom burden, while enhancing patient‐centred UTI management and monitoring.Subjects and MethodsThe Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Symptom Scale (RUTISS) was developed and validated using a three‐stage methodology, in accordance with gold‐standard recommendations. Firstly, a two‐round Delphi study was conducted to gain insights from 15 international expert clinicians working in rUTI, developing an initial pool of novel questionnaire items, assessing content validity and making item refinements. Next, two phases of one‐to‐one semi‐structured cognitive interviews were conducted with a diverse sample of 28 people experiencing rUTI to assess questionnaire comprehensiveness and comprehensibility, making refinements after each phase. Finally, a comprehensive pilot of the RUTISS was conducted with 240 people experiencing rUTI across 24 countries, providing data for psychometric testing and item reduction.ResultsExploratory factor analysis indicated a four‐factor structure comprising: ‘urinary pain and discomfort’, ‘urinary urgency’, ‘bodily sensations’ and ‘urinary presentation’, together accounting for 75.4% of the total variance in data. Qualitative feedback from expert clinicians and patients indicated strong content validity for items, which was supported by high content validity indices in the Delphi study (I‐CVI > 0.75). Internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the RUTISS subscales were excellent (Cronbach's α = 0.87–0.94 and ICC = 0.73–0.82, respectively), and construct validity was strong (Spearman's ρ = 0.60–0.82).ConclusionThe RUTISS is a 28‐item questionnaire with excellent reliability and validity, which dynamically assesses patient‐reported rUTI symptoms and pain. This new PROM offers a unique opportunity to critically inform and strategically enhance the quality of rUTI management, patient‐clinician interactions, and shared‐decision making by monitoring key patient‐reported outcomes.
ZiE für Carbonbetonbauteile in Halbfertigteil‐ und Fertigteilbauweise im Gebäudeteil BOX des CUBE
Authors: Frenzel Michael , Schmidt Angela , Scheerer Silke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEnde September 2022 wurde an der TU Dresden das weltweit erste Gebäude aus Beton eröffnet, bei dem ausschließlich endlosfaserbasierte Bewehrung, hauptsächlich aus Carbon, zum Einsatz kam. Für die Herstellung des Gebäudes wurden eine Zustimmung im Einzelfall (ZiE) und eine vorhabenbezogene Bauartgenehmigung gemäß Sächsischer Bauordnung bei der Landesstelle für Bautechnik (Leipzig) erwirkt. Im Teil I der ZiE wurde der Gebäudeteil BOX des CUBE geregelt. Es wurden die mechanischen Kennwerte der einzelnen Carbonbetonkomponenten und das rechnerische Vorgehen zur Bestimmung der Gebrauchs‐ und Tragfähigkeit der Carbonbetonbauteile in Fertigteil‐ bzw. Halbfertigteilbauweise festgelegt. Zudem erlaubte die ZiE den Einsatz nicht geregelter, neuartiger Wärmedämmungen und legte Parameter für die Berechnung des Wärmeschutzes und Energiebedarfs für das Gebäude fest. Im Beitrag werden ausgewählte Untersuchungen zu den Carbonbetonbauteilen der BOX vorgestellt, die Basis für die ZiE waren.