bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between plasma characteristics, morphology, and microstructure of sputtered CuAl alloy films with varied target geometry
Authors: Alwen Adie , Hodge Andrea M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The effect of target geometry on coating microstructure and morphology is correlated to changes in deposition conditions, plasma characteristics, and film growth during planar and hollow cathode sputtering. The sputtering plasma properties for the two target geometries were characterized via Langmuir probe analysis as a function of power density and Ar pressure to determine the evolution of ion density for each configuration. Films were then synthesized at the low (0.4 W cm−2) and high (1.2 W cm−2) power densities and characterized using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction to link changes in texturing, morphology, and microstructure with variations in ion density and sputtering deposition conditions caused by target geometry. It was observed that varying target geometry led to an over threefold increase in deposition rate, homologous temperature, and ion density, which altered the morphology and texture of the film without significant changes to the grain size.
Direct prediction of inelastic neutron scattering spectra from the crystal structure*
Authors: Cheng Yongqiang , Wu Geoffrey , Pajerowski Daniel M , Stone Matthew B , Savici Andrei T , Li Mingda , Ramirez-Cuesta Anibal J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) is a powerful technique to study vibrational dynamics of materials with several unique advantages. However, analysis and interpretation of INS spectra often require advanced modeling that needs specialized computing resources and relevant expertise. This difficulty is compounded by the limited experimental resources available to perform INS measurements. In this work, we develop a machine-learning based predictive framework which is capable of directly predicting both one-dimensional INS spectra and two-dimensional INS spectra with additional momentum resolution. By integrating symmetry-aware neural networks with autoencoders, and using a large scale synthetic INS database, high-dimensional spectral data are compressed into a latent-space representation, and a high-quality spectra prediction is achieved by using only atomic coordinates as input. Our work offers an efficient approach to predict complex multi-dimensional neutron spectra directly from simple input; it allows for improved efficiency in using the limited INS measurement resources, and sheds light on building structure-property relationships in a variety of on-the-fly experimental data analysis scenarios.
Text classification in memristor-based spiking neural networks
Authors: Huang Jinqi , Serb Alexantrou , Stathopoulos Spyros , Prodromakis Themis 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Memristors, emerging non-volatile memory devices, have shown promising potential in neuromorphic hardware designs, especially in spiking neural network (SNN) hardware implementation. Memristor-based SNNs have been successfully applied in a wide range of applications, including image classification and pattern recognition. However, implementing memristor-based SNNs in text classification is still under exploration. One of the main reasons is that training memristor-based SNNs for text classification is costly due to the lack of efficient learning rules and memristor non-idealities. To address these issues and accelerate the research of exploring memristor-based SNNs in text classification applications, we develop a simulation framework with a virtual memristor array using an empirical memristor model. We use this framework to demonstrate a sentiment analysis task in the IMDB movie reviews dataset. We take two approaches to obtain trained SNNs with memristor models: (1) by converting a pre-trained artificial neural network (ANN) to a memristor-based SNN, or (2) by training a memristor-based SNN directly. These two approaches can be applied in two scenarios: offline classification and online training. We achieve the classification accuracy of 85.88% by converting a pre-trained ANN to a memristor-based SNN and 84.86% by training the memristor-based SNN directly, given that the baseline training accuracy of the equivalent ANN is 86.02%. We conclude that it is possible to achieve similar classification accuracy in simulation from ANNs to SNNs and from non-memristive synapses to data-driven memristive synapses. We also investigate how global parameters such as spike train length, the read noise, and the weight updating stop conditions affect the neural networks in both approaches. This investigation further indicates that the simulation using statistic memristor models in the two approaches presented by this paper can assist the exploration of memristor-based SNNs in natural language processing tasks.
Premature atrial contractions promote local directional heterogeneities in conduction velocity vectors
Authors: van Schie Mathijs S , Ramdat Misier Nawin L , Razavi Ebrahimi Payam , Heida Annejet , Kharbanda Rohit K , Taverne Yannick J H J , de Groot Natasja M S 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsLoss of cell-to-cell communication results in local conduction disorders and directional heterogeneity (LDH) in conduction velocity (CV) vectors, which may be unmasked by premature atrial contractions (PACs). We quantified LDH and examined differences between sinus rhythm (SR) and spontaneous PACs in patients with and without atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods and resultsIntra-operative epicardial mapping of the right and left atrium (RA, LA), Bachmann’s bundle (BB) and pulmonary vein area (PVA) was performed in 228 patients (54 with AF). Conduction velocity vectors were computed at each electrode using discrete velocity vectors. Directions and magnitudes of individual vectors were compared with surrounding vectors to identify LDH. Five hundred and three PACs [2 (1–3) per patient; prematurity index of 45 ± 12%] were included. During SR, most LDH were found at BB and LA [11.9 (8.3–14.9) % and 11.3 (8.0–15.2) %] and CV was lowest at BB [83.5 (72.4–94.3) cm/s, all P &lt; 0.05]. Compared with SR, the largest increase in LDH during PAC was found at BB and PVA [+13.0 (7.7, 18.3) % and +12.5 (10.8, 14.2) %, P &lt; 0.001]; CV decreased particularly at BB, PVA and LA [−10.0 (−13.2, −6.9) cm/s, −9.3 (−12.5, −6.2) cm/s and −9.1 (−11.7, −6.6) cm/s, P &lt; 0.001]. Comparing patients with and without AF, more LDH were found during SR in AF patients at PVA and BB, although the increase in LDH during PACs was similar for all sites.ConclusionLocal directional heterogeneity is a novel methodology to quantify local heterogeneity in CV as a possible indicator of electropathology. Intra-operative high-resolution mapping indeed revealed that LDH increased during PACs particularly at BB and PVA. Also, patients with AF already have more LDH during SR, which becomes more pronounced during PACs.
Influence of four fiber-rich supplements on digestibility of energy and nutrients and utilization of energy and nitrogen in early and mid-gestating sows
Authors: Wisbech Sigrid J , Bruun Thomas S , Bach Knudsen Knud E , Nielsen Tina S , Theil Peter K 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe digestibility of energy and nutrients in fiber-rich diets depends greatly on the fiber source but most data are from studies with growing pigs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients in different fiber-rich diets and to quantify whole-body metabolism and utilization of energy and nitrogen (N) in gestating sows. Four fiber-rich diets based on sugar beet pulp (SBP), soy hulls (SH), palm kernel expellers (PKE), or a mixed fiber (MF) were formulated, with an average daily intake of total fiber (TF) of 471, 507, 651, and 437 g/d, respectively. A total of 48 multiparous sows were stratified by body weight at mating (day 0) and assigned to one of the four diets throughout gestation. Body weight and backfat were measured, and body pools of fat and protein were estimated using the deuterium oxide dilution technique at days 0, 30, and 60. On days 30 and 60, urine and fecal grab samples were obtained. On days 15 and 45, heart rate was measured to estimate total heat production. The ATTD of nutrients differed across treatments (P &lt; 0.001), while in vivo organic matter digestibility deviated with up to ±3.3% units from in vitro enzyme digestibility of organic matter. The ATTD of energy was highly negatively correlated with intake of lignin (P &lt; 0.001), while ATTD of N was highest (negatively) correlated (P &lt; 0.001) with intake of insoluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). The ATTD of all nutrients except NSP was lowest in PKE-fed sows and highest, except for N, in sows fed the SBP diet. The ATTD of N was highest in the MF-fed sows and ATTD of NSP was lowest in the MF-fed sows. Sows lost most energy as heat (53% to 72% of gross energy intake), followed by energy in feces (15% to 17%), urine (3% to 4%), and methane (0.5% to 0.9%). Energy for maintenance accounted for the majority of the heat production and the total energy retention was lowest and highest in the SBP- and PKE-fed sows, with a retention of 3.3 and 13.3 MJ/d, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). Sows lost most N through urine, the lowest and highest N loss (relative to intake) was observed in SH- and SBP-fed sows (50% to 63%, respectively), while 14% to 26% was retained as body protein. In conclusion, the fiber-rich diets were utilized efficiently by gestating sows with respect to energy with ATTD values above 82% in all four fiber-rich diets, whereas the high TF content in the diets compromised the N utilization in gestating sows.
Characterization of mutants deficient in N-terminal phosphorylation of the chloroplast ATP synthase subunit β
Authors: Strand Deserah D , Karcher Daniel , Ruf Stephanie , Schadach Anne , Schöttler Mark A , Sandoval-Ibañez Omar , Hall David , Kramer David M , Bock Ralph 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting and electron transfer is of great importance to efforts to improve the ability of the electron transport chain to supply downstream metabolism. A central regulator of the electron transport chain is ATP synthase, the molecular motor that harnesses the chemiosmotic potential generated from proton-coupled electron transport to synthesize ATP. ATP synthase is regulated both thermodynamically and post-translationally, with proposed phosphorylation sites on multiple subunits. In this study we focused on two N-terminal serines on the catalytic subunit β in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), previously proposed to be important for dark inactivation of the complex to avoid ATP hydrolysis at night. Here we show that there is no clear role for phosphorylation in the dark inactivation of ATP synthase. Instead, mutation of one of the two phosphorylated serine residues to aspartate to mimic constitutive phosphorylation strongly decreased ATP synthase abundance. We propose that the loss of N-terminal phosphorylation of ATPβ may be involved in proper ATP synthase accumulation during complex assembly.
Customizable, reconfigurable, and anatomically coordinated large-area, high-density electromyography from drawn-on-skin electrode arrays
Authors: Ershad Faheem , Houston Michael , Patel Shubham , Contreras Luis , Koirala Bikram , Lu Yuntao , Rao Zhoulyu , Liu Yang , Dias Nicholas , Haces-Garcia Arturo , Zhu Weihang , Zhang Yingchun , Yu Cunjiang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Accurate anatomical matching for patient-specific electromyographic (EMG) mapping is crucial yet technically challenging in various medical disciplines. The fixed electrode construction of multielectrode arrays (MEAs) makes it nearly impossible to match an individual's unique muscle anatomy. This mismatch between the MEAs and target muscles leads to missing relevant muscle activity, highly redundant data, complicated electrode placement optimization, and inaccuracies in classification algorithms. Here, we present customizable and reconfigurable drawn-on-skin (DoS) MEAs as the first demonstration of high-density EMG mapping from in situ-fabricated electrodes with tunable configurations adapted to subject-specific muscle anatomy. The DoS MEAs show uniform electrical properties and can map EMG activity with high fidelity under skin deformation-induced motion, which stems from the unique and robust skin-electrode interface. They can be used to localize innervation zones (IZs), detect motor unit propagation, and capture EMG signals with consistent quality during large muscle movements. Reconfiguring the electrode arrangement of DoS MEAs to match and extend the coverage of the forearm flexors enables localization of the muscle activity and prevents missed information such as IZs. In addition, DoS MEAs customized to the specific anatomy of subjects produce highly informative data, leading to accurate finger gesture detection and prosthetic control compared with conventional technology.
S-01-2: ASSOCIATION OF EXPOSURE TO AIR POLLUTANTS DURING ADOLESCENCE WITH BLOOD PRESSURE IN YOUNG ADULTHOOD
Authors: Wu Jingjing , Lu Yao 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
The effect of long-term exposure to air pollutants during adolescence on blood pressure in young adulthood is uncertain. We aimed to assess the association of air pollutants exposure during adolescence with blood pressure in young adulthood based on a nationwide sample of Chinese college students.

Design and method:
This cross-sectional study of incoming students was conducted in five geographically disperse universities in China during September and October 2018. Mean concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with diameters < = 2.5 um (PM2.5), < = 10 um (PM10), and nitrogen dioxides (NO2) at participants’ residential addresses during 2013–2018 were collected from the Chinese Air Quality Reanalysis dataset. A generalized linear mixed model was used to estimate the connection between air pollutants exposure and systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pulse pressure (PP).

Results:
A total of 16,042 participants (18.2 ± 0.7 years of age, 54.0% male) were included in the final analysis. After adjusting for potential confounding factors including age, sex, body mass index, drinking, smoking, physical activity, humidity, temperature, and so on, a 10 ug/m3 increase in PM10 and NO2 was significantly associated with 0.86 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51, 1.21] in SBP, 0.83[95% CI: 0.52, 1.13] in PP, respectively. Similarly, 1.69 [95% CI: 0.92, 2.46] in SBP and 1.76 [95% CI: 1.09, 2.43] in PP were found for each 10 ug/m3 increase in PM10. However, there was no correlation between PM2.5 and SBP, DBP, and PP (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Our study suggests that exposure to air pollutants during adolescence may contribute to a significant correlation with elevated blood pressure in young adulthood. The findings of this study emphasize the impacts of air pollutants exposure on potential health and the need of minimizing pollution exposures in the environment.
Implementation and Evaluation of an Interprofessional Health Systems Science Professional Development Program
Authors: Gonzalo Jed D. , Hamilton Maria , DeWaters Ami L. , Munyon Ryan , Miller Erin , Wolf Heidi , Wolpaw Daniel R. , Thompson Britta M. 
Published: January 2023

Problem
Few interprofessional development programs focused on learning knowledge and skills in health systems science (HSS) have been described. The authors implemented a professional development program (the HSS Academy) for interprofessional clinicians and trainees. The authors describe the HSS Academy, report preliminary outcomes, and describe strategies for use in other programs.

Approach
The HSS Academy (an 8-month active learning classroom and project-based curriculum) was implemented at Penn State College of Medicine in 2015. To create an interprofessional environment, participants were selected from various professions and phases of training. The curriculum was anchored in HSS competencies (e.g., high-value care, quality improvement, social determinants of health, health system strategy and delivery) and included 2 distinct threads focused on systems thinking competencies and academic skill development. It featured course speakers and faculty from diverse roles and disciplines both inside and outside the health system, application of HSS competencies in local system contexts, and networking with interprofessional colleagues.

Outcomes
From 2015 to 2021, 121 of 128 participants, including physicians, medical students, and nurses, completed the HSS Academy (95% completion rate). Over 90 individuals, including faculty and system leaders, contributed to the HSS Academy as educators. Comparisons of pre–post evaluations demonstrated statistically significant self-perceived improvements in HSS knowledge and skills, systems thinking, and HSS teaching knowledge and skills. Projects (n = 110) most commonly focused on health care delivery, quality improvement, or patient safety. Teaching strategies to meet each objective, several barriers encountered, and strategies to address those barriers are described.

Next Steps
Next steps will be to address financial support for creating and sustaining the HSS Academy, ensure a mutually shared understanding of the HSS Academy’s goals among all stakeholders, facilitate meaningful change from scholars’ work, and provide networking and opportunities for scholars to continue work in HSS after completion of the HSS Academy.
Multidisciplinary Pain Management: A Tale of Two Outcomes
Authors: Butler Stephen H. , Loeser John D. 
Published: January 2023

Economic implications of pain management. By Loeser JD. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1999; 43:957–95. Reprinted with permission.
Multidisciplinary pain management was an invention of John J. Bonica, M.D. He started the Multidisciplinary Pain Clinic at the University of Washington in 1960. This clinical service evolved over the years, and when John Loeser, M.D., became its director in 1982, he collaborated with Bill Fordyce, Ph.D., to create what was known as “the structured program.” The program has served as the model for pain treatment programs throughout the world, many of which have fared better than that at the University of Washington. The migration of Stephen Butler, M.D., to Uppsala, Sweden, in 2000 has given us the opportunity to contrast multidisciplinary pain management in the Nordic countries with that in the United States.
Synovectomy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A systematic review
Authors: Badin Daniel , Leland Christopher R , Bronheim Rachel S , Balmuri Nayimisha , Lee R Jay 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is an inflammatory arthropathy with onset in children younger than 16 years. Treatment is primarily medical; however, surgical interventions, such as arthroscopic or open synovectomy, can be beneficial. Many studies have investigated synovectomy in JIA, but the results of these studies have not been synthesized to our knowledge. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of the literature reporting synovectomy as a treatment for JIA to provide clinical recommendations regarding its risks and benefits.

Methods:
On March 8, 2022, we searched the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies evaluating clinical outcomes of open or arthroscopic synovectomy to treat JIA in patients younger than 18 years. We included only studies published in English and excluded studies of synovectomy to treat other arthropathies, septic arthritis, hemophilia, or foreign body arthropathy. The level of evidence for included studies was determined by using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine criteria. We qualitatively analyzed clinical outcomes data, including patient-reported pain relief, rates of symptom recurrence, and postoperative complications.

Results:
Of 428 articles assessed, 14 were included in our analysis. One was a randomized trial, 1 was a case-control study, and all others were case-series. Studies consistently reported that synovectomy was associated with improved function and decreased pain postoperatively. However, comparisons with modern medical therapy were lacking. Rates of arthritis recurrence varied, with increasing symptom recurrence with longer follow-up and re-synovectomy rates up to 15%. Oligoarticular disease and early disease course were associated with better response to synovectomy, whereas systemic and polyarticular disease were associated with poor response. Stiffness requiring manipulation under anesthesia was the most common complication (4% of all included patients).

Conclusion:
Although synovectomy is associated with positive functional outcomes and pain reduction postoperatively, there was inadequate comparison thus inadequate evidence to recommend it over modern medical therapy. The current literature suggests that synovectomy should be offered only to patients for whom medical management has failed, while noting the risks of decreased range of motion and symptom recurrence over time.
Trends and distribution of birth asphyxia, Uganda, 2017-2020: A retrospective analysis of public health surveillance data
Authors: Komakech Allan , Aceng Freda L. , Migamba Stella M. , Nakamya Petranilla , Mutumba Robert , Bulage Lilian , Kwesiga Benon , Ario Alex R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDuring 2018-2020, almost half of all neonatal deaths reviewed in Uganda were due to birth asphyxia. In 2015, Uganda adopted the Every Newborn Action Plan interventions to renew focus on surveillance for birth asphyxia and other childhood-related illnesses. In 2016, Ministry of Health implemented an evidence-based educational program for birth attendants about neonatal resuscitation techniques to improve management of birth asphyxia. Birth asphyxia is reported on a monthly basis in Uganda as part of routine reporting. We described the trends and distribution of birth asphyxia in Uganda during 2017–2020 following these renewed efforts.MethodsWe analysed birth asphyxia surveillance data from the District Health Information System 2 during January 2017–December 2020. We calculated incidence of birth asphyxia per 1,000 deliveries at district, regional, and national levels. We used line graphs to demonstrate the trend of birth asphyxia incidence with the corresponding reporting rates at national and regional levels and used logistic regression to evaluate significance of the trends. Using choropleth maps, we described the distribution of birth asphyxia incidence at district level.ResultsThe average national annual incidence of birth asphyxia increased by 4.5% from 2017 to 2020 (OR=1.05; 95%CI=1.04-1.05, p=0.001), with national quarterly reporting rates of 70-80% over the same period. Incidence in the Northern and Eastern Regions increased 6% (OR=1.06; 95%CI=1.05-1.07, p=0.001) and 5% (OR=1.05; 95%CI=1.03-1.05, p=0.001), respectively, over the study period. Bundibugyo, Iganga, and Mubende Districts had rates of >60/1,000 during each of the four years of the study period. The least affected district was Kazo District, with an overall incidence of 3/1,000 over the study period.ConclusionThe incidence of birth asphyxia increased nationally from 2017-2020. Continuous capacity-building in birth asphyxia management, with emphasis on the most affected districts, could reduce the burden of this public health problem in Uganda.