bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The expression of deoxyguanosine toxicity in T lymphocytes at different stages of maturation.
Authors: Cohen A , Lee J W , Dosch H M , Gelfand E W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Different human T cell populations were assayed for susceptibility of DNA synthesis to inhibition by deoxyguanosine. T lymphocytes from the thymus were most sensitive to inhibition of proliferation by deoxyguanosine (90% inhibition at 10 microM deoxyguanosine). This exquisite sensitivity of thymocytes appeared related to an enhanced ability of these cells for uptake and phosphorylation of deoxyguanosine to deoxyGTP and by their reduced ability to degrade accumulated deoxyGTP. Compared to more mature T lymphocytes and B cells, thymocytes contained the highest level of the salvage enzyme deoxynucleoside kinase and the lowest level of the nucleotide degrading enzyme, 5'-nucleotidase. The present study suggests that the levels of these 2 enzymes can serve as differentiation markers, identifying T cells at various stages of maturation, and that the loss of sensitivity to deoxyguanosine toxicity may be a stepwise process. Further, a deficiency in purine nucleoside phosphorylase may preferentially interfere with T cell maturation at an intrathymic stage of T cell differentiation.
Peanut agglutinin. VI. Identification of murine T lymphocyte subsets during ontogenesis by use of peanut agglutinin and Ly-6.2 antiserum.
Authors: London J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fluoresceinated peanut agglutinin (PNA-FTC), Thy-1.2, and Ly-6.2 antisera were used to identify various murine T lymphocyte subpopulations during fetal and perinatal life. By means of double immunofluorescence labeling, we identified three T lymphocyte subsets: PNA+Ly-6.2+, PNA+Ly-6.2-, PNA-Ly-6.2+ having distinct distribution in the adult thymus and spleen. The study of the appearance of these three subsets in fetal liver, thymus, and spleen has shown that they did not occur similarly. The PNA+Ly-6.2+ subset was present in all three organs during fetal life and at a level rather similar to that of adult life; the PNA+Ly-6.2- subset was also present in the three fetal organs; conversely, the percentage of the PNA-Ly-6.2+ spleen cells was very low in fetal and neonatal life and increased significantly between 1 and 2 wk of age. Our results demonstrate that during fetal life, lymphocyte subsets are phenotypically differentiated as in adult life and that differentiation of T lymphocytes occurs preferentially through various lineages present during early ontogenesis. Moreover, quantitative modulation of some of these subsets is shown from fetal to adult life and may explain some of the immunologic immature features of young murine spleen.
Models for the production of stable hematopoietic chimerism across major histocompatibility barriers in adults.
Authors: Wegmann T G , Rosovsky J , Carlson G A , Diener E , Drell D W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Experiments presented in this paper indicate that DBA/2J (H-2d) mice parabiosed for more than 100 days to the F1 hybrid between DBA/2J and C3H/HeJ (H-2k) contain in their serum an anti-H-2k antibody that is preferentially reactive with hematopoietic tissue and is also capable of killing C3H/HeJ colony-forming stem cells in vivo (CFU-S). These findings make the antibody a likely participant in the "takeover" reaction, in which DBA/2J red and white cells eventually replace the F1 hybrid blood system. With these observations used as a basis, 10(8) DBA/2J spleen cells were injected along with anti-H-2Kk (anti-host) monoclonal antibody into 10-wk-old (DBA/2J x C3H/HeJ)F1 hybrid hosts. The recipients had a high surivival rate and exhibited long-term chimerism. Unlike the situation in the parabionts, the DBA/2J lymphoid cells in the injection chimeras were found to be unresponsive to C3H/HeJ alloantigens. This could result from the continued presence of F1 hybrid stimulator cells, which are missing in the parabionts. The injection chimeras indicate that one can establish stable chimerism in adult mice without irradiation or metabolic poisoning.
All classes of murine IgG antibody mediate macrophage phagocytosis and lysis of erythrocytes.
Authors: Ralph P , Nakoinz I , Diamond B , Yelton D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Antibody-dependent phagocytosis and lysis of sheep RBC by mouse peritoneal exudate cells were studied using IgG subclass fractions of sera prepared by protein A-Sepharose chromatography. Three IgG1, 3 IgG2a, 4 IgG2b, and 1 IgG3 hybridoma antibodies to RBC were also used. The results showed that some monoclonal IgG2a and IgG2b antibodies were more active than IgG1 or IgG3 preparations when normalized to hemagglutinating activity, but all IgG sources mediated both effector mechanisms. This is in accord with findings of strong Fc receptors on macrophages for the IgG2 isotypes and weaker binding by IgG1 and newly discovered IgG3 receptors. A monoclonal IgG2b with no hemagglutination titer showed normal cooperation with macrophages. In contrast, 2 hybridoma IgM were inactive in macrophage-mediated lysis and allowed only marginal ingestion. Similar results were obtained using several macrophage cell lines, mouse spleen and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, showing that all these types of effector cells do not distinguish among (mouse) IgG subclasses in handling antibody-coated RBC.
Generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes to syngeneic tumor by using co-stimulator (Interleukin 2).
Authors: Mills G B , Paetkau V 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocytes (CL) highly active against the syngeneic mastocytoma, P815, were generated from spleen cells of DBA mice cultured with co-stimulator (Interleukin 2) and P815. More CL activity was generated from spleen cells of P815 tumor-bearing mice than from spleen cells of normal mice. Thymus cells from tumor-bearing mice, however, did not produce increased CL activity. Most of the CL were Thy 1 and Ly 1 positive. The optimal culture conditions and kinetics were similar to those for the generation of allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The cytotoxic activity against syngeneic P815 was similar in magnitude to the response of DBA spleen cells to allogeneic tumor lines and to the response of allogeneic CBA spleen cells to P815. Although CL generated from tumor-bearing mice did not lyse normal DBA cells, they did lyse, to a much lesser degree, a number of tumor cell lines other than the sensitizing P815. This nonspecific lysis was not H2 restricted nor was it restricted to tumors of lymphoid origin. Generation of nonspecific cytolytic activity was antigen independent, occurring in the presence of co-stimulator alone.
Generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes to syngeneic tumors by using co-stimulator (Interleukin 2): in vivo activity.
Authors: Mills G B , Carlson G , Paetkau V 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spleen cells from DBA/2J mice bearing the syngeneic tumor mastocytoma P815, incubated with co-stimulator (Interleukin 2) and P815 in vitro, were effective in killing P815 cells in vivo. Within 24 hr of injection, 1 X 10(7) cytotoxic lymphocytes (CL) killed most of 1 X 10(6) P815 cells. The host response to the tumor 7 to 9 days after the initial tumor injection was also greatly enhanced in mice that had received CL. This effect was potentiated in sublethally irradiated mice. CL were effective in mice with large tumors, overcoming suppressive factors that might be present. Under certain conditions, a significant fraction of CL-treated mice survived the P815 tumor indefinitely. These included i.p. CL given 2 days after a large dose (1 X 10(6)) of i.p. P815. In addition, some mice given i.v. and intra-tumor CL survived small doses (1 X 10(4)) of subcutaneous P815 cells. Long-term surviving mice remained resistant to challenge with 1 X 10(6) tumor cells (which is 10(4) times the normally lethal dose) for at lest 1 yr. No detrimental effects were noted even after injection of 5 X 10(7) CL per mouse.
Unique determinants associated with hybridoma proteins expressing a cross-reactive idiotype: frequency among individual immune sera.
Authors: Marshak-Rothstein A , Benedetto J D , Kirsch R L , Gefter M L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It is possible to prepare antisera that recognize individual members of a family of hybridoma proteins in which all members of the family express the cross-reactive idiotype (IdCR) characteristic of the A/J anti-Ars response. These hybridoma-specific reagents also recognize a small percentage of the IdCR+ anti-Ars antibodies, which constitute the normal A/J anti-Ars response. Thus, the previously reported sequence heterogeneity of our IdCR+ hybridoma proteins actually represents components of the normal A/J anti-Ars response. Determinants associated with one particular IdCR+ hybridoma protein, 36-71 (Id36-71), were found on approximately 0.01 to 5.0% of the IdCR+ antibodies in all of the A/J hyperimmune sera that were examined. Determinants associated with 2 other IdCR+ hybridoma proteins, 16-46-4-8 (Id16-46) and 44-10 (Id44-10) were also found in almost all A/J immune sera, again at various concentrations. These results indicate that the heritable trait (IdCR) is expressed as a large number of antibody sequences that probably arise from the somatic diversification of a limited number of germ line genes. The pattern of diversification is qualitatively similar among individual mice but varies with regard to the relative proportions of the individual antibody components.
Structural relation of murine "third locus" (H-2L) major histocompatibility antigens to the products of H-2K and H-2D loci.
Authors: Rose S M , Hansen T H , Cullen S E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The primary structures of the allelic products of H-2L, the murine "third locus" major histocompatibility antigen, were compared with the structures of the H-2K and H-2D antigens by tryptic-peptide analysis. The H-2Ld,H-2Lq, H-2Dd, H-2Dq and H-2Kd molecules were radiolabeled and isolated from spleen cell detergent lysates with specific alloantisera. Comparisons of the tryptic maps of the H-2L, H-2D, and H-2K molecules of the H-2d haplotype demonstrated that H-2Ld molecules were as different from H-2Dd molecules as H-2Dd molecules were from H-2Kd molecules. In contrast, the H-2Lq and H-2Dq molecules were found to be extremely similar and a second peptide separation method was required to discern structural differences between the 2 molecules. Comparisons of the allelic products H-2Ld and H-2Lq indicated possible structural differences despite the lack of a known serologic difference. These results, while raising questions about the genetic evolution of the H-2L locus relative to the H-2K and H-2D loci, demonstrate that the structure of the H-2L molecule is distinct from that of the H-2K and H-2D molecules. These structural analyses further substantiate the functional studies that define the H-2L molecule as the "third" major histocompatibility molecule of the mouse.
Characterization of multiple immunoglobulin mu-chains synthesized by two clones of a B cell lymphoma.
Authors: Sibley C H , Ewald S J , Kehry M R , Douglas R H , Raschke W C , Hood L E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have identified 3 species of mu-chain synthesized by mouse WEHI 279 lymphoma cells that differ in cellular location, size and charge--mui (internal), mum (membrane), and mus (secreted). Lactoperoxidase and galactose oxidase labeling experiments localize the mum chain to the plasma membrane and the mui chain to the cytoplasm. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrate that the mui pool contains precursors to both mum and mus chains. Comparative peptide mapping studies and cell labeling in the presence of tunicamycin suggest that the mum chain is 2000 daltons larger than the mus chains and that the difference is due to polypeptide alterations rather than carbohydrate differences. The WEHI 279 lymphoma has differentiated while in culture to a more advanced stage in the pathway of B cell differentiation.
Hapten-specific human T cell lines. I. Functional analysis with respect to cytotoxic and helper activity.
Authors: Friedman S M , Hunter S B , Thomas Y , Chess L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human PBL cells, sensitized in vitro to TNP or FITC-modified autologous stimulators, have been successfully grown in long-term culture by using TCGF derived from PHA-activated tonsil cells. Long-term cultures consist almost exclusively of T lymphocytes as defined by the formation of spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes and C-mediated lysis with heteroantibodies to human T cells (R alpha T H). The majority, but not all of these T cells, bear surface Ia antigens as detected by C-mediated lysis in the presence of alpha p23,30. Functionally, these cultures maintain high levels of hapten-specific cytolytic activity during many weeks of culture. In addition, a number of these T cell lines exhibit hapten specific proliferation when co-cultured with x-irradiated hapten modified autologous cells. During this proliferative response, helper factor(s) are released that trigger B cell differentiation into AFC. Data are presented that demonstrate that helper factor(s) production by T cell line cells is preferentially triggered by autologous, but nt allogeneic stimulator cells, bearing the relevant hapten.
Heterogeneity of the tolerant state in rats with long established skin grafts.
Authors: Smith R N , Howard J C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Tolerance in rats with long established allogeneic skin grafts brought about by the neonatal inoculation of hybrid lymphomyeloid cells is immunologically heterogeneous because 2 states of tolerance may be defined operationally as fully and partially tolerant. T cells from fully tolerant donors transfer tolerance and are unresponsive in MLC, but T cells from partially tolerant donors do not transfer tolerance and are modestly responsive in MLC. A state of tolerance may exist without detectable suppression. Therefore, tolerance, traditionally defined as the permanent acceptance of an allogeneic skin graft, does not reflect a uniform immunologic state.
Selective effects of cyclosporin A on functional B cell subsets in the mouse.
Authors: Kunkl A , Klaus G G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cyclosporin A, an immunosuppressive peptide of fungal origin, was believed to selectively affect T lymphocyte functions and to have minimal affects on B lymphocytes. This study shows that, in the mouse, T-dependent B cells and those responding to certain T-independent antigens (so-called TI-1 antigens) are indeed resistant to the drug. However, B cells responsive to other TI antigens (TI-2) are exquisitely sensitive. Thus, doses of the drug that completely abrogate responses to dinitrophenylated (DNP) Ficoll or dextran enhance the response to DNP-lipopolysaccharide and have minimal effects on the response to DNP-Brucella abortus. Virgin T helper cells are sensitive to the drug, whereas primed T cells are not. Cyclosporin A sensitivity therefore represents a novel marker of functional B cell subsets in the mouse and presumably points to fundamental physiologic differences between such subsets.
Radioimmunoassay for detecting antibodies against murine malarial parasite antigens: monoclonal antibodies recognizing Plasmodium yoelii antigens.
Authors: Kim K J , Taylor D W , Evans C B , Asofsky R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA) in microtiter wells was established for detecting antibodies against Plasmodium yoelii Ag. The SPRIA was found 1) to require as little as 5 micrograms of crude parasite Ag per well, 2) to be able to detect 0.5 ng of monoclonal Ab, and 3) to be 10(4) times more sensitive than the indirect fluorescent Ab staining technique. In a modification of the above assay using intact RBC as an Ag, hyperimmune serum showed significant binding to the surface of erythrocytes of mice infected with P. yoelii parasites but not to RBC of normal mice. Hybridomas were prepared by fusing infected mouse spleen cells with P3-NS1/I-Ag4-1 myeloma cells. Using the SPRIA, hybrids secreting Ab against P. yoelii 17XL Ag were detected. All the hybrids detected by SPRIA secreted Ab binding to free parasites but not to the surface membrane Ag on the infected RBC. The number of positive hybrids produced by fusing spleen cells from mice given a double infection (17XNL and 17 XL) was not greater than that produced by freezing spleen cells from mice given a single infection (17 XL).
Human killer cells and natural killer cells: distinct subpopulations of Fc receptor-bearing lymphocytes.
Authors: Neville M E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Unstimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes were depleted of K cells, which mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) without removing NK cells, which mediate natural killing (NK). K cell depletion was achieved by buoyant centrifugation removal of lymphocytes that bound to glutaraldehyde-treated P815-AB cells at high lymphocyte-to-target ratios. Likewise, NK cells were removed with glutaraldehyde-treated K562 cells without removing K cells. Furthermore, both cytotoxic cell populations were observed directly in one agarose single-cell cytotoxic assay (ASCA) using P815-AB and K562 cells simultaneously as target cells. Moreover, the percentage of total cytotoxic cells was equal to the sum of the percentage of K and NK cells observed in separate ASCA. Collectively, these results indicate that K cells and NK cells are distinct subsets of FcR-bearing lymphocytes. One subset, K cells, has more avid Fc receptors (fcR) than NK cells and are 'activated' via thier FcR to kill antibody-coated target cells. The second subset, NK cells, have less avid FcR and are not 'activated' through their FcR to kill antibody-coated target cells.
Definition of a new T lymphocyte cell surface antigen, Ly 11.2.
Authors: Meruelo D , Paolino A , Flieger N , Offer M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present communication defines a new cell surface antigen, Ly 11.2, which appears from its strain and tissue distribution to be distinct from all other previously defined normal or virally coded antigens or traits of the mouse. Lymphocytes of the T cell lineage, but not B cells or nonlymphoid cells, bear this marker. Although the locus coding for this antigen appears to be closely linked to the minor histocompatibility locus H-30 and to the locus coding for Ly 6.2, a chromosome assignment has not yet been made for my of these loci.
Characterization of the responding populations for the generation of proliferative response to syngeneic Meth A tumor in BALB/c mice: requirement of T and B cell collaboration.
Authors: Ting C C , Rodrigues D , Hong J X 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
High levels of primary proliferative response to a chemically induced sarcoma Meth A can be induced in syngeneic BALB/c spleen cells. Testing at the peak of proliferative response (2 days after sensitization in the mixed lymphocyte tumor cell culture), we found the responders to be resistant to anti-Thy 1.2 antibody lysis but susceptible to anti-Ia antibody lysis. When responders were subjected to various treatments before sensitization, it was found that removal of macrophages had no effect on the generation of proliferative response; high levels of proliferative response could be induced in enriched B cell preparations and in spleen cells from nude mice, but there was only a negligible amount of response in enriched T cell preparations. These findings indicate that the responders are primarily B lymphocytes. However, it was also found that the enriched B cell preparations usually gave only 50 to 75% of the response of whole spleen cells, whereas these B cells gave a 2- to 3-fold increase in the response to a B cell mitogen, LPS; this result indicate that collaboration from other types of lymphocytes was required for the generation of an optimal proliferative response to Meth A. Addition of 10% of T cells indeed produced a helper effect on this B cell response, and the maximal helper effect was seen for a mixture containing equal parts of T cells and B cells or for a slight T cell excess. These results indicate that the proliferative response to a syngeneic Meth A tumor is a macrophage-independent T-dependent B cell response.
Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: activation of suppressor T lymphocytes by a modified sequence of the T effector determinant.
Authors: Hashim G A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Deletion of certain amino acid residues from the amino acid sequence of the encephalitogenic determinant for guinea pigs, H-Phe-Ser-Trp-Gly-Ala-Glu-Gly-Gln-Lys-OH, destroyed its ability to induce experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), a cell-mediated autoimmune disease of myelin. The administration of the modified determinant in the form of 4 repeating pentameric sequences, H-(Phe-Ser-Trp-Gln-Lys)4-Gly-OH, activated an antigen-specific T suppressor lymphocyte subset that rendered both presensitized donors and recipients of donor T lymphocytes unresponsive to an encephalitogenic challenge. Treatment of donors or recipients with cyclophosphamide before or after lymphocyte transfer, respectively, obliterated the ability of peptide S42-sensitized T lymphocytes to induce a state of unresponsiveness to an EAE-challenge. The results establish the existence of antigenic determinants for both immunoinduction and immunoregulation of EAE. The immunoregulatory determinant that activates antigen-specific and cyclophosphamide-sensitive suppressor T lymphocyte subset is sequestered within the disease-inducing or T effector determinant.
Macrophage-mediated tumor cell killing: regulation of expression of cytolytic activity by prostaglandin E.
Authors: Taffet S M , Russell S W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The expression of nonspecific macrophage-mediated tumoricidal activity in vitro is a transient phenomenon. The work reported here shows that the loss of tumoricidal activity by mouse macrophages is attributable, at least in part, to the effects of prostaglandin E (PGE). The amount of PGE needed to inhibit the expression of cytolytic activity (2 x 10(-9) M) was readily synthesized and secreted by the same population of resident peritoneal macrophages that had been induced to kill tumor cells by exposure to 100 ng/ml bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Inhibitory concentrations of PGE were present in supernatants within the 1st hr after macrophages were exposed to LPS. In spite of this fact, cytolytic activity still developed, and 12 to 16 hr were required for the PGE to have its full inhibitory effect. Thus, PGE did not act by blocking the development of cytolytic activity. Treatment of LPS-stimulated macrophages with 10(-6) M indomethacin (or other cyclooxygenase inhibitors) prevented both PGE synthesis and the shut-off of cytolytic activity. The latter effect could be reversed by adding PGE2 to the cultures at a concentration of 10(-8) M. Lastly, PGE inhibited cytolytic activity mediated by indomethacin-treated macrophages only when activator was present: pulsing with PGE before the addition of LPS had a negligible inhibitory effect. These findings may help explain why intratumoral macrophages often lack nonspecific cytolytic capabilities.
Antigen-specific human T cell factors. II. T cell suppressor factor: biologic properties.
Authors: Uytdehaag F , Heijnen C J , Pot K H , Ballieux R E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The in vitro induction of an ovalbumin-specific human T cell suppressor factor is described (TsF120-OA). The antigen-specific suppressive component can be purified by affinity chromatography from supernatants derived from Marbrook-Diener type cultures of peripheral blood T cells stimulated with a high dose of ovalbumin. TsF120-OA suppresses the antigen-induced PFC formation of human blood B cells in vitro in an antigen-specific way. The target of TsF120-OA activity is shown to be the T helper cell. No genetic restriction in the action of the factor is observed.