bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The life history and mosquito consumption dynamics of Notonecta indica (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) in eastern Jamaica
Authors: Campbell Gavin R , Hall Tannice , Hyslop Eric J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Certain mosquito species pose a significant threat to human health, causing thousands of deaths annually via diseases such as yellow fever, dengue fever, and chikungunya. A variety of insects, including dragonflies and backswimmers, prey on mosquito larvae, providing natural population suppression, but knowledge of the life history and quantification of the mosquito suppression dynamics of these insects remain limited in the Caribbean. In the present study, we documented aspects of the life history of the backswimmer Notonecta indica L. in Jamaica and quantified its consumption of Aedes aegypti (L.) larvae throughout development and at different mosquito densities. The egg and fifth nymphal stages had the longest mean development times while the third nymphal stage had the shortest. Development was noted to be shorter in N. indica when compared to other backswimmer species from different climates, likely due to higher temperatures and greater food availability in the present study. Daily mosquito consumption increased exponentially throughout nymphal development. Individual adults displayed significant variation in daily mosquito consumption, and consumption was found to be directly proportional to mosquito density. Backswimmers may contribute to mosquito suppression and the reduction of mosquito-borne diseases, but their contribution is likely limited by the spatial and temporal differences between backswimmers and mosquitoes, namely, in habitat preferences, dispersal patterns, and development times.
Inside the digital state: frontline work in the context of digital layering
Authors: Møller Anne Mette 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Following decades of incremental digital development, public agencies today are permeated by a plethora of digital systems and tools. Transcending the dominant focus on individual technologies in the extant literature, this study introduces the concept of “digital layering” to capture the characteristics of this setting and develop a unique contextualized understanding of frontline work in the digital age. Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork in The Danish Agricultural Agency and the Danish Tax Agency, the study shows that digital layering creates a context for frontline work characterized by the experience of complexity, fragmentation, and instability or fragility of digital technologies, which deeply affects both backstage tasks and public encounters. In response, frontline workers employ a range of compensatory practices in the organizational backstage, including workarounds, temporal flexibility, and collaborative IT support, and take on new organizational roles as “digital janitors” and “digital liaisons” to fix errors and raise awareness of the consequences of higher-level decision-making on the ground. During public encounters, they avoid or take precautionary measures when using digital tools and engage in digital detective work on behalf of citizens. Conceptualized as “digital repair work,” these compensatory practices and roles are aimed at protecting professional and bureaucratic values such as efficiency, transparency, responsiveness, and trustworthiness. The study results in a novel theoretical framework to guide future inquiry into digital layering and its implications for (frontline) work and organizations, including employee well-being, the continued enactment of professional and bureaucratic values, and citizens’ trust in government.
A case report and literature review of De Garengeot hernia
Authors: Salawu Ahmed , Sarsam Maan , Butcher Katrina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The presence of an appendix in the femoral hernia, known as De Garengeot hernia, was first described by a French surgeon named Rene Jacques Croissant de Garengeot in 1731. It is a rare surgical entity occurring in only 0.5–5% of all femoral hernias. It presents typically as an irreducible lump in the groin which may be difficult to differentiate from incarcerated inguinal hernia. The risk of incarceration is high due to the narrow femoral defect which can result in extraluminal compression of the appendix causing acute appendicitis. We have presented a 71-year-old woman with a 24 hour history of incarcerated De Garengeot hernia who underwent successful open femoral hernia repair with laparoscopic appendicectomy. While open femoral hernia repair with open appendicectomy is regarded as the commonly used surgical approach, we have highlighted the importance of pre-operative and intra-operative findings in predicting definitive surgical management.
Searching for nitroxyl modulators in Arabidopsis thaliana: a new paradigm of redox signaling in plants
Authors: Suarez Sebastian , Floryszak-Wieczorek Jolanta , Sobieszczuk-Nowicka Ewa , Doctorovich Fabio , Arasimowicz-Jelonek Magdalena 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Through extensive research, nitroxyl (HNO) has emerged as a newly recognized redox signal in plant developmental and stress responses. The interplay between nitric oxide (●NO) and HNO entails a complex network of signaling molecules and regulatory elements sensitive to the environment-specific redox conditions. However, functional implications for HNO in cell signaling require more detailed studies, starting with identifying HNO-level switches. To obtain insight into possible physiologically relevant HNO modulators, we used real-time detection to examine HNO/●NO production triggered by selected plant-related compounds (PRCs), including non-protein amino acids, antioxidants, and phytohormones, both in vitro and in vivo in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Hydrogen sulfide, ascorbic acid, and salicylic acid were identified as superior PRCs in driving HNO/●NO interconversion in the cellular medium, so that these PRCs could provide ubiquitous bioavailability of HNO in plants. Meanwhile, resistance-inducing compounds tended to down-regulate HNO in Arabidopsis leaves. The present study indicates that non-enzymatic HNO/●NO interconversion mediated by functionally important PRCs constitutes a significant route for controlling endogenous HNO concentrations, providing ubiquitous HNO bioavailability in plant cells. Moreover, concurrent HNO/●NO monitoring shows that the redox signals are highly integrated and create a redox code that can be translated into a specific cellular response.
Protein phosphatase 2A B’α and B’β promote pollen wall construction partially through BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1-activated cysteine protease gene CEP1 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Gao Ying-Jie , Zhang Yu-Lan , Wang Wen-Hui , Latif Ammara , Wang Yue-Tian , Tang Wen-Qiang , Pu Cui-Xia , Sun Ying 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A well-constructed pollen wall is essential for pollen fertility, which relies on the contribution of the tapetum. Our results demonstrated an essential role of the tapetum-expressed protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) B’α and B’β in pollen wall formation. The b’aβ double mutant pollen grain harboured sticky remnants and tectum breakages, resulting in failed release. B’α and B’β functioned partially through dephosphorylating and activating BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BZR1). The bzr1 bes1 double and higher-order mutants of this BZR1/BES1 family displayed similar defects in the pollen wall, while bzr1-1D, having an active form of the BRZ1 protein, exhibited fertile pollen grains in a B’α and B’β dependent manner. Correspondingly, the level of phospho-BZR1 was increased and dephospho-BZR1 was decreased in b’aβ and bzr1-1D/b’aβ at anther stages 8–9 as compared with Col-0 and bzr1-1D, respectively. A cysteine protease gene CEP1 was identified as a BZR1 target, whose transcriptional activation necessitates brassinosteroid (BR)-responsive elements in the promoter region and the BZR1 DNA binding domain. The mRNA level of CEP1 at stages 8–9 was extremely low in bzr1 and bzr1 bes1, but higher in Col-0 and bzr1-1D depending on B’α and B’β. Furthermore, cep1 mutants displayed similar defects in the pollen wall. In brief, this study uncovered a PP2A–BZR1–CEP1 regulatory module, providing a new insight into pollen maturation mechanisms.
Real-time human–computer interface based on eye gaze estimation from low-quality webcam images: integration of convolutional neural networks, calibration, and transfer learning
Authors: Chhimpa Govind R , Kumar Ajay , Garhwal Sunita , Kumar Dhiraj 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Eye gaze estimation represents a well-established research domain within computer vision. It has a wide range of practical applications in numerous fields, including human–computer interaction (HCI) for cursor control, health care, and virtual reality, enhancing its suitability for adoption throughout the scientific community. Different methods have been used for eye gaze estimation, such as model based, feature based, and appearance based. The appearance-based method is mainly used because it directly estimates an individual’s gaze direction from images/videos rather than depending on specific features or geometric models. This article developed an appearance-based, real-time generic eye gaze system for HCI to control the cursor through the eye using the convolutional neural network (CNN), calibration, and transfer learning. The study employed low-quality eye images captured from a conventional desktop webcam, enabling the proposed methodology to be implemented on any computer system equipped with a similar web camera without the need for supplementary hardware. Initially, the labeled dataset of both eyes is collected using the webcam. Then, a CNN model is trained by inputting left and right eye images to predict the gaze coordinate as output. We applied the calibration and transfer learning approach to the trained models to make a generic model for new users. In real-time use, the first step is calibration, where the user’s eye images are captured for various screen coordinates, and transfer learning is employed to fine-tune the pre-trained model according to the user’s eyes. Then, the fine-tuned model is used for eye gaze prediction to control the cursor. The system’s performance is evaluated using a test group of multiple users, and it demonstrated an average visual angle accuracy of 2.08 degrees before calibration, which notably improved to 1.81 degrees after the calibration process.
Recent Orthopedic Trauma Volume in the United States Military Health System
Authors: Panarello Nicholas M , McCarthy Conor F , Harrington Colin J , Stinner Daniel J , Renninger Christopher H 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction
As illustrated by the “Walker Dip,” there is growing concern regarding the lack of combat casualty care during peacetime. Surgical volume and case complexity are paramount for training and skill sustainment. We sought to quantify the recent orthopedic trauma surgical case load of all military orthopedic surgeons across the Military Health System (MHS).

Materials and Methods
We queried the United States MHS Data Repository for orthopedic trauma-related Current Procedural Terminology codes for which the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires graduating residents to perform a minimum case volume: hip fracture, femur/tibia shaft fracture, pilon fracture, and ankle fracture. The search yielded all corresponding procedures performed between January 2017 and December 2023 within the MHS.

Results
There were 15,873 total ACGME-minimum orthopedic trauma procedures performed across the MHS during the study period (2,268 cases per year) for the fixation of 3,283 hip fractures, 805 femoral shaft fractures, 1,455 tibial shaft fractures, and 10,330 ankle or pilon fractures. The sole level I trauma center in the MHS, which accepts civilian trauma, performed 21% of all cases. Civilian trauma made up 70% of this military treatment facility’s volume. For another military treatment facility that began accepting civilian trauma in the middle of the study period, the volume increased from 49 to 123 cases per year.

Conclusion
Across the MHS, there was a low volume of ACGME-minimum orthopedic trauma procedures performed. These data help to frame the current orthopedic trauma surgical volume in the United States MHS in support of efforts to maximize military surgeon training and readiness, ultimately in preparation for future conflicts.
Anomalous thermal relaxation in warm ion plasmas
Authors: Barba-González D , Albertus C , Pérez-García M A 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
We perform microscopic simulations of the thermal relaxation of warm neutral plasmas of astrophysical importance. Using molecular dynamics we study the thermal relaxation of a hot neutral fluid of finite-size neutron-rich ions kept in a fixed-wall cool box. We show how the interplay among particle size, Yukawa interaction range, and density are key to understand the features of the time-dependent thermal relaxation curve $T(t)$. We show that, under certain conditions, these systems exhibit faster cooling from increasingly larger initial temperature values. They also display non-Newtonian thermal behaviour, including oscillations, that can be effectively interpreted as the consequence of the existence of a non-trivial system memory function. Finally, we consider the impact of multicomponent admixtures in the simulated system. We discuss these results and their possible extensions to astrophysical scenarios, where screened plasmas with Yukawa-like electrostatic potentials are usually involved.
A detailed spectral study of intermittent-accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar Aql X-1 during pulse-on and pulse-off stages
Authors: Kocabıyık Tuğçe , Güngör Can , Sağlam M Turan , Güver Tolga , Bostancı Z Funda 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
We present a detailed spectral study of an intermittent-AMXP Aql X-1 during the pulse-on and pulse-off stages by using the archival Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) data. We first perform temporal analysis by using Z$_n^2$ technique in three different energy bands, 3.0–13.0, 13.0–23.0, and 23.0–33.0 keV, for the last 128 s time segment of the RXTE data including pulse-on region. We show that the pulse is the most significant in the softest band. We, then, show that the spectrum is represented the best via combination of absorbed blackbody, disc blackbody, and a Gaussian line. We modelled the last four segments of the data 30188-03-05-00 to better compare pulse-on and pulse-off stages. We found a vague residual in the spectral fit of the pulse-on segment between $\sim$3.0 and 13.0 keV, which agrees with the result of temporal analysis. We show that the residual may be represented with an extra blackbody component with the temperature of 1.75 keV and the radius of 0.75 $\pm$ 0.49 km. For deeper analysis, we performed phase-resolved spectroscopy to the last 128 s, pulse-on, segment. We obtain two separate spectra for the spin phase ranges of 0.75–0.25 (pulse-high) and 0.25–0.75 (pulse-low), and followed the same procedure. We display that the residual becomes more clear for pulse-high compared to the pulse-low. We report that the additional blackbody component, which models the residual, indicates a hotspot from the surface of the neutron star with the radius of 1.65 $\pm$ 0.74 km whose temperature is 1.65 keV.
Observational study of the atmospheric gravity waves in the lower solar atmosphere
Authors: Chaurasiya Ravi , Bayanna Ankala Raja 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The solar chromosphere exhibits a variety of waves originating from the photosphere and deeper layers, causing oscillations at different heights with distinct frequencies. This study identifies and analyse atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) and acoustic waves at various height pairs within the solar atmosphere utilizing H$\alpha$, Ca ii IR, and Fe i 6173 Å imaging spectroscopic observations from Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope. We study and compare oscillations by analysing power maps generated using velocities obtained from the filtergram difference and bisector methods. Our analysis shows a consistent increase in power with height in the solar chromosphere for both methods. In addition to this, our results show that AGWs are detected within or near-magnetic flux concentration regions, where spicules are also predominant, exhibiting significant power in the chromosphere. These regions also feature inclined magnetic fields, which might be contributing to the propagation of these low-frequency AGWs in the chromosphere. Examining average power maps at spicule locations reveals significant power at AGWs frequency across different chromospheric heights. We speculate that these AGWs propagate upward along spicular structures and were not previously detected in the studies employing space–time map due to their limited lifetime. This study provides insights into the complex dynamics of solar chromospheric waves influenced by magnetic field, contributing to our understanding of AGWs and acoustic waves propagation across different layers of the solar atmosphere.
Impact of photoevaporative winds in chemical models of externally irradiated protoplanetary discs
Authors: Keyte Luke , Haworth Thomas J 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Most stars form in dense clusters within high-mass star-forming regions, where protoplanetary discs may be exposed to intense UV radiation from nearby massive stars. While previous studies have typically focussed on isolated sources in low-mass regions, recent observational campaigns have started to probe the chemistry of irradiated discs in unprecedented detail. Interpreting this data requires complex chemical models, yet few studies have examined these discs’ chemistry, and none have incorporated the photoevaporative wind launched by external UV fields into their physical structure. In this study, we post-process radiation hydrodynamics simulations of externally irradiated protoplanetary discs using the thermochemical code dali, comparing models with and without the wind to assess its impact on disc chemistry. Results show that UV radiation is rapidly attenuated by the disc in both cases. However, thermal re-emission from the wind at longer wavelengths enhances disc heating, increasing the gas-phase abundances of some key volatiles. Synthetic line fluxes vary by orders of magnitude between wind and windless models, primarily due to emission from the wind itself rather than abundance variations within the disc. Our findings demonstrate that the photoevaporative wind significantly influences the physical and chemical structure, and observational characteristics, of externally irradiated discs. We conclude that incorporating the wind into chemical models is essential for accurately predicting chemical abundances, interpreting observations, and ultimately understanding planet formation in these common yet complex environments.
What is the nature of GW230529? An exploration of the gravitational lensing hypothesis
Authors: Janquart Justin , Keitel David , Lo Rico K L , Chan Juno C L , Ezquiaga Jose María , Hannuksela Otto A , Li Alvin K Y , More Anupreeta , Phurailatpam Hemantakumar , Singh Neha , Uronen Laura E , Wright Mick , Adhikari Naresh , Biscoveanu Sylvia , Bulik Tomasz , Farah Amanda M , Heffernan Anna , Joshi Prathamesh , Juste Vincent , Kedia Atul , Nichols Shania A , Pratten Geraint , Rawcliffe C , Roy Soumen , Sänger Elise M , Tong Hui , Trevor M , Vujeva Luka , Zevin Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
On the 29th of May 2023, the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA Collaboration observed a compact binary coalescence event consistent with a neutron star – black hole merger, though the heavier object of mass 2.5 − 4.5 M⊙ would fall into the purported lower mass gap. An alternative explanation for apparent observations of events in this mass range has been suggested as strongly gravitationally lensed binary neutron stars. In this scenario, magnification would lead to the source appearing closer and heavier than it really is. Here, we investigate the chances and possible consequences for the GW230529 event to be gravitationally lensed. We find this would require high magnifications and we obtain low rates for observing such an event, with a relative fraction of lensed versus unlensed observed events of 2 × 10−3 at most. When comparing the lensed and unlensed hypotheses accounting for the latest rates and population model, we find a 1/58 chance of lensing, disfavoring this option. Moreover, when the magnification is assumed to be strong enough to bring the mass of the heavier binary component below the standard upper limits on neutron star masses, we find high probability for the lighter object to have a sub-solar mass, making the binary even more exotic than a mass-gap neutron star–black hole system. Even when the secondary is not sub-solar, its tidal deformability would likely be measurable, which is not the case for GW230529. Finally, we do not find evidence for extra lensing signatures such as the arrival of additional lensed images, type-II image dephasing, or microlensing. Therefore, we conclude it is unlikely for GW230529 to be a strongly gravitationally lensed binary neutron star signal.
Variation of the low-mass end of the stellar initial mass function with redshift and metallicity
Authors: Bate Matthew R 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
We report the stellar mass functions obtained from 20 radiation hydrodynamical simulations of star cluster formation in 500 M$_\odot$ molecular clouds with metallicities of 3, 1, 1/10, and 1/100 of the solar value, with the clouds subjected to levels of the cosmic microwave background radiation that are appropriate for star formation at redshifts $z=0, 3, 5, 7,$ and 10. The calculations include a thermochemical model of the diffuse interstellar medium and treat dust and gas temperatures separately. We find that the stellar mass distributions obtained become increasingly bottom light as the redshift and/or metallicity are increased. Mass functions that are similar to a typical Galactic initial mass function are obtained for present-day star formation ($z=0$) independent of metallicity, and also for the lowest-metallicity (1/100 solar) at all redshifts up to $z=10$, but for higher metallicities, there is a larger deficit of brown dwarfs and low-mass stars as the metallicity and redshift are increased. These effects are a result of metal-rich gas being unable to cool to as lower temperatures at higher redshift due to the warmer cosmic microwave background radiation. Based on the numerical results, we provide a parametrization that may be used to vary the stellar initial mass function with redshift and metallicity; this could be used in simulations of galaxy formation. For example, a bottom-light mass function reduces the mass-to-light ratio compared to a typical Galactic stellar initial mass function, which may reduce the estimated masses of high-redshift galaxies.