bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex‐related differences among individuals assessed for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in Canada
Authors: Flannigan Katherine , Poole Nancy , Cook Jocelynn , Unsworth Kathy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundConsideration of sex‐ and gender‐related factors is critical for understanding and supporting health and wellbeing. Although both sex and gender influence people with developmental disabilities, there is relatively little research on these factors and their influences among individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), a complex neurodevelopmental disability impacting an estimated 4%–5% of the population. Understanding sex‐ and gender‐related differences in FASD is needed to facilitate evidence‐informed assessment, treatment planning, and advocacy. To begin unpacking these factors, we investigated sex‐based differences in clinical presentation and experiences among individuals assessed for FASD across the lifespan.MethodsWe analyzed 2574 clinical records from 29 FASD diagnostic centers in Canada. Participants ranged in age from 1 to 61 years (mean 15.2 years), and more than half (58.3%) were male at birth. Study variables included participant demographics, physical indicators of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), neurodevelopmental impairment, FASD diagnosis, co‐occurring physical and mental health diagnoses, and environmental adversity.ResultsThere were no significant differences between males and females with respect to FASD diagnostic outcome or physical indicators of PAE. However, males experienced significantly more neurodevelopmental impairment. Females experienced higher rates of endocrine problems, anxiety, and depressive/mood disorders, whereas males had higher rates of attention deficit‐hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder. Adversity also differed by sex, with females experiencing higher rates of trauma and legal problems with victimization/custody, and males having more difficulties with school and offending/incarceration. Sex‐based differences were most apparent in adolescents (13–17 years) and adults (≥25 years).ConclusionsIndividuals with PAE/FASD experience notable sex‐related differences in clinical presentation and experiences across the lifespan. Findings from this study should help to guide researchers, service providers, and policy makers to improve FASD screening, diagnosis, and intervention and better address the needs of individuals with PAE/FASD of all genders.
Are mental disorders associated with recidivism in men convicted of sexual offenses?
Authors: Biedermann Laura , Eher Reinhard , Rettenberger Martin , Gaunersdorfer Kathrin , Turner Daniel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn offending populations, prevalence rates of mental disorders are much higher than in the general population. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether mental disorders can improve the prediction of recidivism beyond actuarial risk assessment tools.MethodsThe present prospective‐longitudinal study was conducted between 2001 and 2021 and included 1066 men convicted of sexual offenses in Austria. All participants were evaluated with actuarial risk assessment tools for the prediction of sexual and violent recidivism and the Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I and Axis II disorders. Sexual and violent reconvictions were assessed.ResultsExhibitionism and an exclusive pedophilia showed the strongest correlations with sexual recidivism in the total sample. In the child related offense subsample additionally a narcissistic personality disorder was correlated with sexual recidivism. The strongest correlation with violent recidivism was found for an antisocial and borderline personality disorder. None of the mental disorders could improve the prediction of recidivism beyond actuarial risk assessment tools.ConclusionCommon current actuarial risk assessment tools revealed good predictive accuracy in men convicted of sexual offenses. With few exceptions mental disorders were only weakly associated with recidivism, suggesting that there is no direct link between mental disorders and violent and sexual reoffending. Mental disorders should nevertheless be considered in treatment issues.
Grazing exclusion reduces below‐ground biomass of temperate subhumid grasslands of South America: A meta‐analysis and a database
Authors: López‐Mársico Luis , Oyarzabal Mariano , Altesor Alice , Paruelo José M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere are several plant below‐ground biomass databases for grasslands, but the contribution from the southern hemisphere is minimal. Particularly, no study has compiled the published values of plant below‐ground biomass for the temperate subhumid grasslands of South America. In these grasslands, called Río de la Plata grasslands, grazing is the most frequent disturbance. We set two objectives: (1) to compile and synthesize data of four variables: below‐ground biomass, fraction of total biomass allocated below‐ground, below‐ground net primary productivity and below‐ground biomass turnover rate; (2) to estimate the effect of grazing exclusion on below‐ground biomass by means of a meta‐analysis. There are 15 studies published on six out of eight regional sub‐divisions of the Río de la Plata grasslands. The most evaluated variable was below‐ground biomass, followed by below‐ground net primary productivity, while the other two variables were scarcely registered. Below‐ground biomass in the shallow portion of the soil (0–10 cm) was on average 877 g m−2. Below‐ground net primary productivity resulted in an average of 245 g m−2 year−1 (estimated using the ingrowth core method) or 560 g m−2 year−1 (core method). The fraction of total biomass allocated below‐ground was on average 0.75. Below‐ground biomass turnover rate presented an average of 2.5 years. On average, the effect of grazing exclusion on below‐ground biomass depended on exclusion time. When exclusion time was shorter than or equal to 3 years, grazing exclusion did not affect below‐ground biomass. In contrast, when exclusion time was longer than 3 years, grazing exclusion reduced below‐ground biomass by 62% (0–10 cm depth) and by 40% (total depth). Excluding South American grasslands from the global databases may introduce some biases in the observed patterns.
A series of the first 13 combined Magseed and Magtrace cases in a single centre in regional Victoria
Authors: Henegan Jessica , Wynn Jessica , Bollard Ruth 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe standard journey for a patient with impalpable breast cancer wishing to undergo breast‐conserving surgery involves placement of a guidewire and lymphoscintigraphy pre‐operatively. Access to these procedures is limited in the regional centres, this scheduling can require overnight stays away from home and can delay theatre which can increase patient distress. The Sentimag technology uses magnetism for localisation of preoperatively inserted Magseeds (for impalpable breast lesions) and Magtrace (for sentinel node biopsy), avoiding guidewire placement and nuclear medicine. This study evaluates the first 13 cases using this combined technique by a single specialist breast surgeon in a regional centre.MethodsThirteen consecutive patients were enrolled with ethics approval. Magseeds were placed under ultrasound guidance preoperatively, and Magtrace was injected at the time of pre‐operative consultation.ResultsThe median age of patients was 60 (range 27–78). The average distance from hospital was 81.63 km (2.8–238 km). The average operating time was 1h54m (range 1 h 17 m–2 h 39 m) and the mean total journey time was 8h54m (range 6–23 h). The earliest time‐out was 8:40 am. Re‐excision rate was 23% (n = 3), however, in each re‐excision case the lesions were in the axilla, were small (<15 mm) and were in patients with dense breasts on mammography. There were no significant adverse outcomes.ConclusionIn this preliminary study Sentimag localisation appears to be safe and reliable when used in combination. Re‐excision rates were only slightly higher than reported in the literature and predicted to downtrend with ongoing learning curve.
The sFlt1/PlGF ratio predicts faster fetal deterioration in early fetal growth restriction: A historical cohort study
Authors: Palma dos Reis Catarina R. , Brás Sofia , Meneses Tânia , Cerdeira Ana S. , Vatish Manu , Martins Ana T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe velocity of fetal deterioration in fetal growth restriction is extremely variable, which makes monitoring and counseling very challenging. The soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase to placental growth factor (sFlt1/PlGF) ratio provides a readout of the vasoactive environment that correlates with preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction and that could be useful to predict fetal deterioration. Previous studies showed a correlation between higher sFlt1/PlGF ratios and lower gestational ages at birth, although it is unclear whether this is due to the increased incidence of preeclampsia. Our goal was to evaluate whether the sFlt1/PlGF ratio predicts faster fetal deterioration in early fetal growth restriction.Material and methodsThis was a historical cohort study in a tertiary maternity hospital. Data from singleton pregnancies with early fetal growth restriction (diagnosed before 32 gestational weeks) confirmed after birth monitored between January 2016 and December 2020 were retrieved from clinical files. Cases of chromosomal/fetal abnormalities, infection and medical terminations of pregnancy were excluded. The sFlt1/PlGF ratio was acquired at diagnosis of early fetal growth restriction in our unit. The correlation of log10 sFlt1/PlGF with latency to delivery/fetal demise was assessed with linear, logistic (positive sFlt1/PlGF if >85) and Cox regression excluding deliveries for maternal conditions and controlling for preeclampsia, gestational age at time of ratio test, maternal age and smoking during pregnancy. Receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) analysis tested the performance of sFlt1/PlGF ratio in predicting delivery for fetal reasons in the following week.Results125 patients were included. Mean sFlt1/PlGF ratio was 91.2 (SD 148.7) and 28% of patients had a positive ratio. A higher log10 sFlt1/PlGF ratio predicted shorter latency for delivery/fetal demise in linear regression after controlling for confounders, β = −3.001, (−3.713 to −2.288). Logistic regression with ratio positivity confirmed these findings (latency for delivery 5.7 ± 3.32 weeks for ratios ≤85 vs 1.9 ± 1.52 weeks for ratios >85); β = −0.698 (−1.064 to −0.332). Adjusted Cox regression showed that a positive ratio confers a significantly positive hazard ratio (HR) for earlier delivery/fetal demise, HR 9.869 (5.061–19.243). ROC analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.847 (SE ± 0.06).ConclusionssFlt1/PlGF ratio is correlated with faster fetal deterioration in early fetal growth restriction, independently of preeclampsia.
A comprehensive evaluation of hemodynamic energy production and circuit loss using four different ECMO arterial cannulae
Authors: Heinsar Silver , Bartnikowski Nicole , Hartel Gunter , Farah Samia M. , Seah E‐Peng , Wu Eric , Colombo Sebastiano Maria , Semenzin Clayton , Haymet Andrew , Rätsep Indrek , Pauls Jo , Fraser John F. , Suen Jacky Y. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivePulsatile‐flow veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V‐A ECMO) has shown encouraging results for microcirculation resuscitation and left ventricle unloading in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. We aimed to comprehensively assess different V‐A ECMO parameters and their contribution to hemodynamic energy production and transfer through the device circuit.MethodsWe used the i‐cor® ECMO circuit, which composed of Deltastream DP3 diagonal pump and i‐cor® console (Xenios AG), the Hilite 7000 membrane oxygenator (Xenios AG), venous and arterial tubing and a 1 L soft venous pseudo‐patient reservoir. Four different arterial cannulae (Biomedicus 15 and 17 Fr, Maquet 15 and 17 Fr) were used. For each cannula, 192 different pulsatile modes were investigated by adjusting flow rate, systole/diastole ratio, pulsatile amplitudes and frequency, yielding 784 unique conditions. A dSpace data acquisition system was used to collect flow and pressure data.ResultsIncreasing flow rates and pulsatile amplitudes were associated with significantly higher hemodynamic energy production (both p < 0.001), while no significant associations were seen while adjusting systole‐to‐diastole ratio (p = 0.73) or pulsing frequency (p = 0.99). Arterial cannula represents the highest resistance to hemodynamic energy transfer with 32%–59% of total hemodynamic energy generated being lost within, depending on pulsatile flow settings used.ConclusionsHerein, we presented the first study to compare hemodynamic energy production with all pulsatile ECLS pump settings and their combinations and widely used yet previously unexamined four different arterial ECMO cannula. Only increased flow rate and amplitude increase hemodynamic energy production as single factors, whilst other factors are relevant when combined.
Procedural sedation for paediatric patients with spinal muscular atrophy undergoing intrathecal treatment
Authors: Sever Feyza , Özmert Sengül , Arıbaş Öz Nefise 
Published: March 2023

AimsNusinersen is administered intrathecally for treating spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Procedural sedation is common with intrathecal treatment in children. The purpose of this study is to emphasize that intrathecal treatment of paediatric patients with SMA I, II and III can be tolerated with procedural sedation instead of general anaesthesia.MethodsData were collected the from the anaesthesia charts and electronic medical records of 14 paediatric patients with SMA types I, II and III who underwent procedural sedation for repeated intrathecal treatments for SMA. Intravenous induction was performed, and patients were oxygenated with a face mask or nasal cannula while spontaneous breathing continued.ResultsFourteen patients were included in the study: one SMA I, eight SMA II and five SMA III. They underwent 88 intrathecal nusinersen injections in total. In the one SMA I patient, of 8 months, the procedure was performed under local anaesthesia. In all other patients, the treatments were performed under procedural sedation. Different combinations of midazolam, ketamine, propofol, fentanyl and remifentanil were used. The mean doses of the agents used were 0.03 mg kg−1, 0.97 mg kg−1, 2.71 mg kg−1, 0.84 μg kg−1 and 0.5 μg kg−1, respectively. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications.ConclusionWe found the procedural sedation to be sufficient, safe and effective in SMA II and III paediatric patients who underwent nusinersen treatment intrathecally, provided anaesthetic agents are titrated and administered carefully.
Understanding the views of children with profound and multiple learning difficulties for person‐centred planning
Authors: Farmer Kate E. , Stringer Phil 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAll children have the right to express their views about matters affecting them and participate in decision‐making for their future irrespective of their intellectual ability. This study explores the adult role in understanding the views of children with profound and multiple learning difficulties who are not using a formal communication system and require adults to speak on their behalf.MethodsThe study employs a qualitative multiple case study design involving three children with profound and multiple learning difficulties attending one special school. Social constructivist grounded theory approaches inform data gathering and analysis. Eight interviews are conducted with parents and professionals to explore how they understand the children's views and how this understanding informs person‐centred planning, combined with observations of the children in school and observations of their person‐centred planning meetings.FindingsAdult participants consider the children in the study to have agency and ability to affect the world around them. They believe the children can express their likes, dislikes and what they want but they think the children would have difficulty communicating their views about their health, medical needs and disability. They describe a range of observable actions made by a child to which they give meaning when interpreting the child's views. The actions a person takes as a child's communication partner can enable the child to develop and communicate their views. A process of observation and comparison allows adults to explore different interpretations of a child's views. Perspectives offered by professionals from different fields enable a child's views to be understood in different ways.ConclusionsAdults develop their understanding of the children's views over time in relational and social contexts. Different interpretations of a child's communication are considered when adults collaborate, leading to socially constructed understandings of a child's views. Adults infer the meaning of a child's views about what is important to them for the future from their understanding of the child's views in the present, which informs person‐centred planning.
Shared and unique characteristics of school, cyber and family victimization among school‐aged children in Hong Kong
Authors: Chen Qiqi , Lo Camilla , Chen Mengtong , Chan Ko Ling , Ip Patrick 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVictimizations from online and offline violence, such as sibling violence, school violence and witness of family violence, both have negative associations with victims' mental health and may share similar individual and family characteristics. This study aims to explore the common and differentiated characteristics in the prediction of school, cyber and family victimization and whether there are unique associations within these victimization types. We employed a two‐stage stratified sampling method to collect a representative sample of 5567 children aged 3–17 from a cross‐sectional, school‐based survey in Hong Kong. Results showed that all types of child victimization, including sibling, school and cyberbullying, as well as the witness of violence at home, were positively correlated with each other. Children's age was positively related to the occurrence and cooccurrence of all types of child victimization. Frequent family residential mobility and parents' higher education level were positively related to all types of children's victimization. The scores of all aspects of children's paediatric quality of life were found negatively related to children's school victimization. This study provides insight into the unique and shared elements of children's online and offline victimization. Knowledge of the distinguished familial gradients of child victimization at home and beyond could benefit the development of child victimization prevention.
Signaling pathway mechanisms of neurological diseases induced by G protein‐coupled receptor 39
Authors: Cao Bin , Wang Jue , Feng Juan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundG protein‐coupled receptor 39 (GPR39) is a transmembrane zinc receptor with two splice variants, which belongs to the G‐protein‐coupled receptor growth hormone‐releasing peptide family. Its expression is induced by zinc, which activates GPR39, and its activation mediates cell proliferation, ion homeostasis, and anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and other pathophysiological effects via different signaling pathways.AimsThe article reviews the latest literature in this field. In particular, the role of GPR39 in nervous system is discussed.Materials and methodsGPR39 can be a promising target in neurological diseases for targeted therapy, which will help doctors overcome the associated problems.DiscussionGPR39 is expressed in vivo at several sites. Increasing evidence suggests that GPR39 plays an important role as a neuroprotective agent in vivo and regulates various neurological functions, including neurodegeneration, neuroelectrophysiology, and neurovascular homeostasis.ConclusionThis review aims to provide an overview of the functions, signal transduction pathways, and pathophysiological role of GPR39 in neurological diseases and summarize the GPR39 agonists that have been identified in the recent years.
Multi‐networks connectivity at baseline predicts the clinical efficacy of left angular gyrus‐navigated rTMS in the spectrum of Alzheimer's disease: A sham‐controlled study
Authors: Chen Hai‐Feng , Sheng Xiao‐Ning , Yang Zhi‐Yuan , Shao Peng‐Fei , Xu Heng‐Heng , Qin Ruo‐Meng , Zhao Hui , Bai Feng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionNeuro‐navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is effective in alleviating cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the strategy for target determination and the mechanisms for cognitive improvement remain unclear.MethodsOne hundred and thirteen elderly subjects were recruited in this study, including both cross‐sectional (n = 79) and longitudinal experiments (the rTMS group: n = 24; the sham group: n = 10). The cross‐sectional experiment explored the precise intervention target based on the cortical–hippocampal network. The longitudinal experiment investigated the clinical efficacy of neuro‐navigated rTMS treatment over a four‐week period and explored its underlying neural mechanism using seed‐based and network‐based analysis. Finally, we applied connectome‐based predictive modeling to predict the rTMS response using these functional features at baseline.ResultsRTMS at a targeted site of the left angular gyrus (MNI: −45, −67, 38) significantly induced cognitive improvement in memory and language function (p < 0.001). The improved cognition correlated with the default mode network (DMN) subsystems. Furthermore, the connectivity patterns of DMN subsystems (r = 0.52, p = 0.01) or large‐scale networks (r = 0.85, p = 0.001) at baseline significantly predicted the Δ language cognition after the rTMS treatment. The connectivity patterns of DMN subsystems (r = 0.47, p = 0.019) or large‐scale networks (r = 0.80, p = 0.001) at baseline could predict the Δ memory cognition after the rTMS treatment.ConclusionThese findings suggest that neuro‐navigated rTMS targeting the left angular gyrus could improve cognitive function in AD patients. Importantly, dynamic regulation of the intra‐ and inter‐DMN at baseline may represent a potential predictor for favorable rTMS treatment response in patients with cognitive impairment.
UK's Association of British Clinical Diabetologist's Diabetes Technology Network (ABCD‐DTN): Best practice guide for hybrid closed‐loop therapy
Authors: Griffin Tomás P. , Gallen Geraldine , Hartnell Sara , Crabtree Thomas , Holloway Melissa , Gibb Fraser W. , Lumb Alistair , Wilmot Emma G. , Choudhary Pratik , Hussain Sufyan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis best practice guide is written with the aim of providing an overview of current hybrid closed‐loop (HCL) systems in use within the United Kingdom's (UK) National Health Service (NHS) and to provide education and advice for their management on both an individual and clinical service level. The environment of diabetes technology, and particularly HCL systems, is rapidly evolving. The past decade has seen unprecedented advances in the development of HCL systems. These systems improve glycaemic outcomes and reduce the burden of treatment for people with type 1 diabetes (pwT1D). It is anticipated that access to these systems will increase in England as a result of updates in National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance providing broader support for the use of real‐time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for pwT1D. NICE is currently undertaking multiple‐technology appraisal into HCL systems. Based on experience from centres involved in supporting advanced technologies as well as from the recent NHS England HCL pilot, this guide is intended to provide healthcare professionals with UK expert consensus on the best practice for initiation, optimisation and ongoing management of HCL therapy.