bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting T-cell integrins in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases
Authors: Kelly Aidan J , Long Aideen 
Published: August 2023

Summary
The recruitment of T cells to tissues and their retention there are essential processes in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The mechanisms regulating these processes have become better understood over the past three decades and are now recognized to involve temporally and spatially specific interactions between cell-adhesion molecules. These include integrins, which are heterodimeric molecules that mediate in-to-out and out-to-in signalling in T cells, other leukocytes, and most other cells of the body. Integrin signalling contributes to T-cell circulation through peripheral lymph nodes, immunological synapse stability and function, extravasation at the sites of inflammation, and T-cell retention at these sites. Greater understanding of the contribution of integrin signalling to the role of T cells in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases has focused much attention on the development of therapeutics that target T-cell integrins. This literature review describes the structure, activation, and function of integrins with respect to T cells, then discusses the use of integrin-targeting therapeutics in inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and psoriasis. Efficacy and safety data from clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance are presented for currently approved therapeutics, therapeutics that have been withdrawn from the market, and novel therapeutics currently in clinical trials. This literature review will inform the reader of the current means of targeting T-cell integrins in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, as well as recent developments in the field.
Natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells but not NKT cells are mature in their cytokine production at birth
Authors: Swieboda Dawid , Rice Thomas F , Guo Yanping , Nadel Simon , Thwaites Ryan S , Openshaw Peter J M , Holder Beth , Culley Fiona J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Early life is a time of increased susceptibility to infectious diseases and development of allergy. Innate lymphocytes are crucial components of the initiation and regulation of immune responses at mucosal surfaces, but functional differences in innate lymphocytes early in life are not fully described. We aimed to characterize the abundance and function of different innate lymphocyte cell populations in cord blood in comparison to that of adults. Blood was collected from adult donors and umbilical vessels at birth. Multicolor flow cytometry panels were used to identify and characterize lymphocyte populations and their capacity to produce hallmark cytokines. Lymphocytes were more abundant in cord blood compared to adults, however, mucosal-associated invariant T cells and natural killer T (NKT)-like cells, were far less abundant. The capacity of NKT-like cells to produce cytokines and their expression of the cytotoxic granule protein granzyme B and the marker of terminal differentiation CD57 were much lower in cord blood than in adults. In contrast, natural killer (NK) cells were as abundant in cord blood as in adults, they could produce IFNγ, and their expression of granzyme B was not significantly different from that of adult NK cells, although CD57 expression was lower. All innate lymphoid cell (ILC) subsets were more abundant in cord blood, and ILC1 and ILC2 were capable of production of IFNγ and IL-13, respectively. In conclusion, different innate lymphoid cells differ in both abundance and function in peripheral blood at birth and with important implications for immunity in early life.
Neural underpinnings of processing combinatorial unstated meaning and the influence of individual cognitive style
Authors: Lai Yao-Ying , Sakai Hiromu , Makuuchi Michiru 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We investigated the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the processing of combinatorial unstated meaning. Sentences like “Charles jumped for 5 minutes.” engender an iterative meaning that is not explicitly stated but enriched by comprehenders beyond simple composition. Comprehending unstated meaning involves meaning contextualization—integrative meaning search in sentential-discourse context. Meanwhile, people differ in how they process information with varying context sensitivity. We hypothesized that unstated meaning processing would vary with individual socio-cognitive propensity indexed by the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), accompanied by differential cortical engagements. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined the processing of sentences with unstated iterative meaning in typically-developed individuals and found an engagement of the fronto-parietal network, including the left pars triangularis (L.PT), right intraparietal (R.IPS), and parieto-occipital sulcus (R.POS). We suggest that the L.PT subserves a contextual meaning search, while the R.IPS/POS supports enriching unstated iteration in consideration of event durations and interval lengths. Moreover, the activation level of these regions negatively correlated with AQ. Higher AQ ties to lower L.PT activation, likely reflecting weaker context sensitivity, along with lower IPS activation, likely reflecting weaker computation of events’ numerical-temporal specifications. These suggest that the L.PT and R.IPS/POS support the processing of combinatorial unstated meaning, with the activation level modulated by individual cognitive styles.
Individual prefrontal neurons contribute to sensory-to-motor information transformation by rotating reference frames during spatial working memory performance
Authors: Funahashi Shintaro , Gao Binbin , Takeda Kazuyoshi , Watanabe Yumiko , Wu Jinglong , Yan Tianyi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Performing working memory tasks correctly requires not only the temporary maintenance of information but also the visual-to-motor transformation of information. Although sustained delay-period activity is known to be a mechanism for temporarily maintaining information, the mechanism for information transformation is not well known. An analysis using a population of delay-period activities recorded from prefrontal neurons visualized a gradual change of maintained information from sensory to motor as the delay period progressed. However, the contributions of individual prefrontal neurons to this process are not known. In the present study, we used a version of the delayed-response task, in which monkeys needed to make a saccade 90o clockwise from a visual cue after a 3-s delay, and examined the temporal change in the preferred directions of delay-period activity during the delay period for individual neurons. One group of prefrontal neurons encoded the cue direction by a retinotopic reference frame and either maintained it throughout the delay period or rotated it 90o counterclockwise to adjust visual information to saccade information, whereas other groups of neurons encoded the cue direction by a saccade-based reference frame and rotated it 90o clockwise. The results indicate that visual-to-motor information transformation is achieved by manipulating the reference frame to adjust visual coordinates to motor coordinates.
Sex differences in cognition and structural covariance-based morphometric connectivity: evidence from 28,000+ UK Biobank participants
Authors: Yang Crystal C , Totzek Jana F , Lepage Martin , Lavigne Katie M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
There is robust evidence for sex differences in domain-specific cognition, where females typically show an advantage for verbal memory, whereas males tend to perform better in spatial memory. Sex differences in brain connectivity are well documented and may provide insight into these differences. In this study, we examined sex differences in cognition and structural covariance, as an index of morphometric connectivity, of a large healthy sample (n = 28,821) from the UK Biobank. Using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans and regional cortical thickness values, we applied jackknife bias estimation and graph theory to obtain subject-specific measures of structural covariance, hypothesizing that sex-related differences in brain network global efficiency, or overall covariance, would underlie cognitive differences. As predicted, females demonstrated better verbal memory and males showed a spatial memory advantage. Females also demonstrated faster processing speed, with no observed sex difference in executive functioning. Males showed higher global efficiency, as well as higher regional covariance (nodal strengths) in both hemispheres relative to females. Furthermore, higher global efficiency in males mediated sex differences in verbal memory and processing speed. Findings contribute to an improved understanding of how biological sex and differences in cognition are related to morphometric connectivity as derived from graph-theoretic methods.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Hospital Antibiograms in Predicting the Risk of Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae Isolates: A Nationwide Multicenter Evaluation at the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Hasegawa Shinya , Livorsi Daniel J , Perencevich Eli N , Church Jonas N , Goto Michihiko 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Many clinical guidelines recommend that clinicians use antibiograms to inform empiric antimicrobial therapy. However, hospital antibiograms are typically generated by crude aggregation of microbiologic data, and little is known about an antibiogram's reliability in predicting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) risk at the patient-level. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of antibiograms as a tool for selecting empiric therapy for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. for individual patients.

Methods
We retrospectively generated hospital antibiograms for the nationwide Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facilities from 2000 to 2019 using all clinical culture specimens positive for E. coli and Klebsiella spp., then assessed the diagnostic accuracy of an antibiogram to predict resistance for isolates in the following calendar year using logistic regression models and predefined 5-step interpretation thresholds.

Results
Among 127 VHA facilities, 1 484 038 isolates from 704 779 patients for E. coli and 671 035 isolates from 340 504 patients for Klebsiella spp. were available for analysis. For E. coli and Klebsiella spp., the discrimination abilities of hospital-level antibiograms in predicting individual patient AMR were mostly poor, with the areas under the receiver operating curve at 0.686 and 0.715 for ceftriaxone, 0.637 and 0.675 for fluoroquinolones, and 0.576 and 0.624 for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the antibiogram varied widely by antimicrobial groups and interpretation thresholds with substantial trade-offs.

Conclusions
Conventional hospital antibiograms for E. coli and Klebsiella spp. have limited performance in predicting AMR for individual patients, and their utility in guiding empiric therapy may be low.
Case report: management of refractory cardiogenic shock with Impella 5.5 in patients with transcatheter aortic valves
Authors: Harada Rakushumimarika , George Timothy J , Schaffer Justin , Kabra Nitin , Rawitscher David , Afzal Aasim 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Impella is a transaortic valvular pump commonly utilized in patients with cardiogenic shock. However, its use with transcatheter aortic valves (TAVI) remains rare. We present two cases where surgical Impella 5.5 was placed across both Sapien 3 Ultra and Evolute Pro+ valves.

Case summary
Patient 1: A 74-year-old male with history of ischaemic cardiomyopathy with ejection fraction 20–25% status post-cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator, severe aortic stenosis (AS) status post-recent Sapien 3 Ultra TAVI presented with cardiogenic shock. Due to persistent unstable haemodynamic status, Impella 5.5 was placed and was utilized as a bridge to left ventricular assist device. Patient 2: A 74-year-old male with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis and AS underwent Evolute Pro+ TAVI at outside facility. The implantation was complicated by left main coronary artery occlusion, leading to cardiogenic shock. Patient required femoral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support and emergent single vessel coronary bypass of a saphenous venous graft to the left anterior descending artery. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was decannulated on Day 20 and Impella 5.5 was placed as a bridge to recovery. In both cases, there were no procedural complications or residual aortic or perivalvular regurgitation.

Discussion
Impella 5.5 implanted via the axillary surgical cutdown is safe and feasible approach to manage refractory cardiogenic shock in patients with TAVI including different types of valves, Sapien 3 Ultra, and Evolute Pro+. As it can provide full haemodynamic support, Impella 5.5 can be used as bridge to recovery or durable mechanical support.
Effect of social integration on family doctor contracting services among migrant populations in China: a national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Gao Tiantian , Yan Genquan , Zhang Meiying , Leng Bing , Jiang Fan , Mi Wei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The family doctor (FD) contracting system is a key reform in the development of the Chinese health system, and is considered an effective way to ensure equitable access to healthcare services. This study investigates the effects of social integration on FD contracting services among migrant populations.

Methods
In total, 120,106 respondents from the 2018 China Migrants Dynamic Survey were included in this study. Two multivariate regression models were used to estimate the effect of social integration and other factors on FD contracting services among migrant populations.

Results
This study found that only 14.0% of the migrant populations had a FD. Multiple dimensions of social integration and some covariates were shown to be positively associated with FD contracting services, including average monthly household income, local medical insurance (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29–1.39), employment status (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.82–0.91), settlement intention (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.09–1.22), received health education (OR = 4.88, 95% CI = 4.51–5.27), sex (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.12–1.20), age (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.51–1.82), marital status (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.31–1.46), sickness within a year (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.79–0.89), and flow range (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.07–1.16).

Conclusions
All dimensions of social integration, including economic integration, social identity, and social involvement, are associated with FD contracting services among migrant populations. Policymakers should focus on improving the signing rates of migrant populations and implement more effective measures to enhance their social integration, such as settlement incentives and encouraging social participation.
Natural methylation epialleles correlate with gene expression in maize
Authors: Zeng Yibing , Dawe R Kelly , Gent Jonathan I 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
DNA methylation in plants is depleted from cis-regulatory elements in and near genes but is present in some gene bodies, including exons. Methylation in exons solely in the CG context is called gene body methylation (gbM). Methylation in exons in both CG and non-CG contexts is called TE-like methylation (teM). Assigning functions to both forms of methylation in genes has proven to be challenging. Toward that end, we utilized recent genome assemblies, gene annotations, transcription data, and methylome data to quantify common patterns of gene methylation and their relations to gene expression in maize. We found that gbM genes exist in a continuum of CG methylation levels without a clear demarcation between unmethylated genes and gbM genes. Analysis of expression levels across diverse maize stocks and tissues revealed a weak but highly significant positive correlation between gbM and gene expression except in endosperm. gbM epialleles were associated with an approximately 3% increase in steady-state expression level relative to unmethylated epialleles. In contrast to gbM genes, which were conserved and were broadly expressed across tissues, we found that teM genes, which make up about 12% of genes, are mainly silent, are poorly conserved, and exhibit evidence of annotation errors. We used these data to flag teM genes in the 26 NAM founder genome assemblies. While some teM genes are likely functional, these data suggest that the majority are not, and their inclusion can confound the interpretation of whole-genome studies.
Modelling of subsurface geological structure related to anomalous magnetotelluric phase data exceeding 90° in Central India
Authors: Raju Khasi , Patro Prasanta K 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARY
We note anomalous phase (&gt;90°) in magnetotelluric (MT) measurements at several stations along the Narmada river course normal to the Tan Shear Zone (TSZ) in central India. We made efforts to derive a possible cause of the anomalous phase by comparing the results of numerical modelling based on the tectonics of the TSZ with the measured impedance tensor data. A zone of multiple reactivations of the TSZ leads to the formation of a damage zone and conjugate Riedel shear faults parallel and normal to the TSZ, respectively. The conjugate Riedel shear faults act as a pathway for the Narmada River course. The multiple tectonic activities associated with the TSZ induce surficial heterogeneity that results in distortion in the MT data. The Mohr circle and phase tensor analysis establish the effect of distortion in the data. To understand the cause of distortion as well as anomalous phase in the present data, we carried out synthetic 3-D modelling. We modelled the damage zone and conjugate Riedel shear faults by a cross shape. From the results, we noted that the near-surface 3-D heterogeneity across the TSZ critically distorted the YX component of the MT impedance tensor due to the strong current channelling. When the current flows across the conjugate Riedel shear zone (Narmada river course) charges are accumulated along the boundaries of near-surface heterogeneity. The charges associated with the current channelling brought out the reversion of the electric field direction that is reflected in the form of an anomalous phase in the YX component of the impedance tensor in measured data.
Enforcing Put Backs in German and European Law
Authors: Sprenger Tim 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
While ‘takedowns’ are a familiar term in the liability and regulation of online platforms, the opposite act of reuploading legal content after an incorrect takedown, the so-called ‘put back’, does not receive the same amount of attention. This paper aims to provide an overview of different legal bases of put back claims against platforms in German and European law. Even though the procedural approach to platform governance with its internal complaint-handling systems is one way to mitigate incorrect decisions, the recourse to the courts also needs to be viable. The paper concludes on a positive note showing numerous existing legal bases of put backs, especially in contract law. Nevertheless, the safest way would be the implementation of an explicit legal base for put back claims, for which the paper offers a proposal for discussion.
Postvaccination Symptoms After SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Prospective, Comparative Study
Authors: Mujukian Angela , Kumar Rashmi , Li Dalin , Debbas Philip , Botwin Gregory J , Cheng Susan , Ebinger Joseph , Braun Jonathan , McGovern Dermot , Melmed Gil Y ,   The CORALE-IBD Study Group, Appel Keren , Banty Andrea , Bonthala Nirupama , Feldman Edward , Ha Christina , Reckamp Karen , Lee Susie , Merin Noah , Merchant Akil , Rabizadeh Shervin , Stein Theodore , Syal Gaurav , Targan Stephan , Vasiliauskas Eric , Ziring David , Hampton Melissa , Mengesha Emebet , Stewart James L , Frias Edwin C , Figueredo Jane , Boland Brigid , Charabaty Aline , Chiorean Michael , Cohen Erica , Ehrlich Adam , Flynn Ann , Valentine John , Fudman David , Horizon Arash , Karayev Dmitry , Kretzmann Benjamin , Glover Sarah , Hou Jason , Hwang Caroline , Lazarev Mark , Lum Donald , Fausel Rebecca , Reddy Swapna , Mattar Mark , McConnell Ryan , Metwally Mark , Ostrov Arthur , Parekh Nimisha , Raffals Laura , Rubin David , Sheibani Sarah , Siegel Corey , Wolf Douglas , Younes Ziad 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Vaccine hesitancy is prevalent among people with IBD, in part due to insufficient evidence regarding comparative safety of vaccines in this population.

Methods
We conducted a nationwide comparative study of postvaccination symptoms among those with IBD and health care workers (HCWs) without IBD. Symptom frequency, severity, and duration were measured. Continuous and categorical data were analyzed using Wilcoxon rank-sum and Fisher’s exact test. Regression analysis was used to adjust for confounding variables.

Results
We had 2910 and 2746 subjects who completed a survey after dose 1 (D1) and dose 2 (D2) respectively (D1: HCW = 933, IBD = 1977; D2: HCW = 884, IBD = 1862). Mean age was 43 years, 67% were female, and 23% were nonwhite; 73% received BNT162b2 (Pfizer) including almost all HCWs and 60% of IBD patients. Most postvaccine symptoms were mild and lasted ≤2 days after both doses in both groups. Health care workers experienced more postvaccination symptoms overall than IBD patients after each dose (D1: 57% vs 35%, P &lt; .001; D2: 73% vs 50%, P &lt; .001). Gastrointestinal symptoms were noted in IBD more frequently after D1 (5.5% vs 3%, P = .003) but not after D2 (10% vs 13%, P = .07). Inflammatory bowel disease subjects who received mRNA-1273 (Moderna) reported more overall symptoms compared with BNT162b2 (57% vs 46%, P &lt; .001) including gastrointestinal symptoms (12% vs 8%, P = .002) after D2.

Conclusions
People with IBD had fewer postvaccination symptoms following the first 2 doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines than HCWs. Among those with symptoms, most symptoms were mild and of short duration.
Caputo’s fractional discrete-time stability connection for stabilizing controllers
Authors: Hernández-Galván Blanca L , Pulido-Luna Jesus R , Cazarez-Castro Nohe R , Fernández-Anaya Guillermo , López-Rentería Jorge A 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis work aims to give a method to connect a set of polynomials having all of their zeros inside the stability zone for fractional difference systems with Caputo’s fractional discrete operator. Due to the complexity of the stability zone, it is necessary to use a set that describes explicitly the stability zone for fractional-order difference systems, in order to build a polynomial family with zeros belonging to the described zone. Such a construction of the polynomial family will be based on the connection of their zeros. Moreover, the applicability is shown with the design of a robust stabilizing controller, which is illustrated by stabilizing the fractional discrete Duffing oscillator.