bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deuterium Escape on Photoevaporating Sub-Neptunes
Authors: Gu Pin-Gao , Chen Howard 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We investigate the evolution of the deuterium-to-hydrogen (D/H) mass ratio driven by EUV photoevaporation of hydrogen-rich atmospheres of close-in sub-Neptunes around solar-type stars. For the first time, the diffusion-limited approach in conjunction with energy-limited photoevaporation is considered in evaluating deuterium escape from evolving exoplanet H/He envelopes. We find that the planets with smaller initial gas envelopes and thus smaller sizes can lead to weaker atmospheric escape, which facilitates hydrogen–deuterium fractionation. Specifically, in our grid of simulations with a low envelope mass fraction of less than 0.005, a low-mass sub-Neptune (4–5 M
⊕) at about 0.25–0.4 au or a high-mass sub-Neptune (10–15 M
⊕) at about 0.1–0.25 au can increase the D/H values by greater than 20% over 7.5 Gyr. Akin to the helium-enhanced envelopes of sub-Neptunes due to photoevaporating escape, the planets along the upper boundary of the radius valley are the best targets to detect high D/H ratios. The ratio can rise by a factor of ≲1.65 within 7.5 Gyr in our grid of evolutionary calculations. The D/H ratio is expected to be higher in thinner envelopes as long as the planets do not become bare rocky cores.
Review and Revision of the Lunar Cratering Chronology—Lunar Timescale Part 2
Authors: Werner Stephanie C. , Bultel Benjamin , Rolf Tobias 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Times and rates of planetary surface-modifying processes are crucial for the sequence and correlation of events on planetary bodies. For most planetary surfaces, superposition principles and crater densities are commonly used methods to collect relative age information. Lunar-based cratering-chronology models, which pair crater densities and sample ages from several lunar landing and sampling sites, calibrate the relative age information in absolute time. Here, we propose calibration pairs based on new crater statistics and spectrally supported sample-age assignments for the lunar cratering-chronology model. The resulting model reflects modern high-precision, radiometric ages, compositional and spectral information, and an up-to-date crater-production function. This revision supports a crater-forming projectile flux with monotonic decay, similar to previous standard models, but of distinctively lower flux. This originates from lower crater densities identified in spectrally and morphologically defined reference units, and from assigning more precise sample ages accounting for spectral resemblance between reference unit and sample. The observed maximal values for crater densities and ages provide the oldest and most densely cratered calibration pair. Because of the nature of highland samples, age constraints for the Luna 20 and Apollo 16 sampling sites remain challenging, which restricts the confidence in times for individual basin-formation events older than Orientale Basin. The new cratering-chronology model, when transferred to other planetary bodies, would cause aging of the surfaces, because of the lower overall flux.
Improving Marine Megafauna Knowledge with eDNA: A French Story
Authors: Haderlé Rachel , Valentini Alice , Ung Visotheary , Jung Jean-Luc 
Published: August 2023

In the current context of large-scale biodiversity loss (Díaz et al. 2019), it is urgent to carry out biodiversity inventories in order to investigate spatial and temporal variations. Among the available methods, environmental DNA (eDNA) (Taberlet et al. 2018) combined with molecular metabarcoding (Valentini et al. 2009) bring new insights in drafting inventories of taxa present in an environment.
Approaches based on eDNA facilitate the study of remote ecosystems and the detection of rare, cryptic or invasive species in a non-invasive way (Bohmann et al. 2014). In the marine realm, the study of mobile fauna, including mammals particularly, can greatly benefit from these new techniques.
Here, we present a case study carried out in the northeast and northwest Atlantic, within the boundaries of marine protected areas. The Iroise Natural Marine Park*1 was the first French marine natural park created in France in 2007 (Fig. 1). The first campaign in the Iroise Natural Marine Park successfully detected several species of cetacean (e.g., Lagenorhynchus albirostris, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) and four species of elasmobranchs (e.g., Scyliorhinus canicula, Torpedo marmorata, Raja undulata and Mustelus asterias). This study was extended to the Martinique Natural Marine Park*2, where similar analyses identified three cetacean species (Stenella attenuata, Lagenodelphis hosei and Tursiops truncatus) and 193 teleost taxa (Riou 2022), representing more than half of the species expected in Martinique. The analyses carried out in Martinique highlighted several remarkable sites for fish biodiversity. In Guadeloupe, in the heart of the Agoa Marine Mammals Sanctuary*3 (corresponding to the French Antilles exclusive economic zone), the taxonomic composition of different eDNA samples made in 2021 and 2022 was compared. The samples were analyzed using different primer sets, specific to vertebrates, teleosts and mammals. Comparison of the results obtained with vertebrate-specific primers and those specific to teleosts showed complementary results. For cetaceans, the analyses distinguished ten distinct cetacean taxonomic units and at least 3 distinct species from four samples. In addition, the eDNA samples were used to discriminate between the two recently recognised bottlenose dolphin ecotypes, based on the observation of a fixed nucleotide difference on the barcode targeted by the mammal-specific primers. New primers are currently being developed to make it easier to distinguish species of Delphinidae, which are still complex to identify.
Environmental DNA and metabarcoding offer new possibilities for the inventories of marine megafauna and support adequate conservation decision-making processes. It is a major step towards better monitoring of marine mammal populations of the Atlantic Ocean. Moreover, our datasets will be freely available through open platforms following the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) principles.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Visual Problems among Zari Artisans of North India
Authors: Garg Pragati , Raj Priyanka , Chellaiyan Vinoth Gnana , Singh Abhay 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Working circumstances of the zardozi workers, it is highly likely that they develop visual problems that may range from simple asthenopic symptoms to severe visual disturbances. The present study was done to assess the visual problems existing today among zari artisans of North India.

Materials and Methods:
Two hundred and forty zari artisans were clinically examined during January 2022 to May 2022. All the patients were subjected to an ocular evaluation: Visual acuity, anterior segment evaluation, orthoptic evaluation with prism bars Goldmann Applanation tonometry, fundus examination, and refractive status of the patients. Means and proportions were calculated. The Chi-square test was applied. P < 0.05 is considered to be significant.

Results:
The mean age of the study population was 27 ± 12 years; majority of which were males, making up to 80.83% of the study population. Most of the subjects fell into the age group of 21–30 years. On testing the refractive error in them, we found 43.33% of the study subjects were hypermetropic, 35.00% were myopic, and 21.67% were emmetropic. Around 45% had poor convergence status while 26.67% had fatigue of convergence and 28.75% had fair convergence. A significant association was found between the positive fusional range and convergence status of the study subjects (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Adequate lighting conditions, proper ventilation and hygiene, short breaks in between, proper nutrition, correction of refractive error if any, and periodic regular eye checkup should be done to overcome these visual problems in Zardozi artisans.
Perception on Access to Health Care and Socioeconomic Impact of COVID-19 at Household Level in Rural Mandya, A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Karnataka
Authors: Shashikantha S. K. , Sheethal M. P. , Huchchannavar Raghavendra 
Published: August 2023

Background:
COVID-19 has affected the lives of millions around the globe. The social and economic impacts of COVID-19 are far more dangerous and will have far-reaching consequences on human lives. Hence, the present study was undertaken in a rural area to determine the impact of COVID-19 on socioeconomic status and their perception of access to health care.

Materials and Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out for 2 months in March and April 2021 in rural Mandya, Karnataka. Adults aged above 18 years who consented were part of the study. The data obtained were entered into Microsoft Office excel sheet and analyzed using Epi info software.

Results:
There were 948 subjects in the study with a mean age of 49.59 ± 13.35 years. The family income decreased to 11201.53 ± 11315.243 Rs/month in COVID-19 period compared to 15354.75 ± 13523.079 Rs/month before COVID-19, because of the economic impacts of COVID-19 (Nearly 30% reduction, as mentioned by the respondents). More than 95% of the subjects had heard about COVID-19. Out of the total, 18% of the respondents visited a government health center, 12.55% visited a private health center for various health-related issues.

Conclusion:
A substantial proportion of our subjects reported income loss during COVID-19 crisis. A majority of the subjects were aware of COVID-19 and its symptoms, and most of them were satisfied with the quality of health-care delivery during the pandemic crisis. However, much needs to be done to make their life better and a holistic approach involving all the stakeholders is a must to do that.
Conjecturing, generalizing and justifying: Building theory around teacher knowledge of proving
Authors: Lesseig Kristin 
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to detail teachers' proving activity and contribute to a framework of Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching Proof (MKT for Proof). While working to justify claims about sums of consecutive numbers, teachers searched for key ideas and productively used examples to make, test and refine conjectures. Analysis of teachers' mathematical activity revealed knowledge of the proving process that would be useful for and useable in the teaching of proof. This includes knowledge of the interconnections among empirical exploration, conjecturing, generalizing, and justifying as well as an understanding of the characteristics of examples and conjectures that could support the proving process. The central premise of this paper is that delineating aspects of teacher knowledge is a first step to supporting teachers' efforts to engage all students in fundamental mathematical practices of conjecturing, generalizing and justifying.
Desain Alat Pemberi Makan Ikan Otomatis Berbasis ESP32
Authors: Priya Pratama Rizki 
Published: August 2023

Alat Pemberi Makan Ikan Otomatis merupakan salah satu inovasi pada dunia budidaya ikan, dimana berfungsi sebagai pemberi pakan ikan berdasarkan waktu yang dikehendaki oleh sang pemilik. Alat ini didesain sepraktis mungkin agar tidak memakan tempat dan lebih efektif karena pasarnya adalah peternak ikan di perkotaan dengan banyak kesibukan. Kelebihan dari alat ini yaitu dapat diakses melalui smartphone via bluetooth. Penulis berencana menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP32 sebagai otak pengendali alat juga dilengkapi dengan penanda bahwa pakan ikan dalam keadaan hampir habis. Dengan memanfaatkan RTC sebagai penghitung waktu (timer), motor AC sebagai pelontar pakan dan motor rotary sebagai pengarah pakan akan ditembakkan. Kemampuan alat ini dapat melontarkan pakan per kilogramnya selama 4 menit 17 detik dengan jarak lontaran kurang lebih 6 m.
Análisis de los fundamentos teóricos de la prelectura en los niños de 3 a 5 años
Authors: Ramírez Grace , Espinoza Pintado Claudia Marisol , Rivadeneira Rodríguez Elmina Matilde 
Published: August 2023

El presente proyecto de investigación se enmarca en analizar cada uno de los fundamentos teóricos de la prelectura en los niños de 3 a 5 años para el desarrollo integral desde nivel inicial. Para el estudio se aplicó la técnica de la revisión documental para poder indagar sobre los estudios que se han realizado sobre prelectura en los niños de inicial, se utilizó el método narrativo para la redacción y la recolección de información apoyándose en el análisis de contenidos e información. Para el análisis de la información se seleccionaron 25 artículos científicos, obtenidos en las bases de datos de Dialnet, Scielo, Redalyc nos permitió evidenciar que la prelectura a temprana edad favorece al infante para tener un buen desarrollo del lenguaje oral, vocabulario a temprana edad. La revisión de los estudios sobre la prelectura nos permite concluir que la prelectura es la preparación que el niño recibe antes de dar inicio al proceso lector, mediante la cual, se facilita las habilidades lingüísticas y conciencia fonológica, que gracias a la influencia de los docentes se permitió la adquisición de información que se activa en los conocimientos previos, favoreciendo a la expresión oral por medio de los hábitos lectores, se va enriqueciendo el desarrollo cognitivo, favoreciendo a su imaginación, como también aumentando palabras a su vocabulario a temprana edad.
Estrategias para fortalecer la cadena de valor de Anadara tuberculosa (concha prieta) en Ecuador
Authors: Prado-Carpio Eveligh C. , Rentería- Minuche Jorge , Olivo- Garrido María de Lourdes , Martínez-Soto Moisés , Rodríguez-Monroy Carlos 
Published: August 2023

El molusco bivalvo, Anadara tuberculosa, (concha prieta), se localiza en el ecosistema manglar de las provincias de El Oro y de Esmeraldas del Ecuador, donde está sometido a una relevante actividad de extracción. Este recurso es fundamental en la dieta alimentaria diaria, además de ser una fuente relevante de sustento económico de numerosas familias, además se está comercializando en todo el territorio ecuatoriano y con los países vecinos. El objetivo de esta investigación es plantear las estrategias que debe superar la cadena de valor de la concha prieta, para mejorar su aprovechamiento económico y social de manera sustentable. La investigación se realizó específicamente en el archipiélago de Jambelí, provincia de El Oro, Ecuador. La metodología descriptiva aplicada se basó principalmente en la revisión exhaustiva y análisis de material bibliográfico, fundamentalmente generado en los últimos años por los autores. A partir de esta información, complementada con los resultados de estudios previos sobre el desempeño de la cadena de valor de la concha prieta, compuesto por las dimensiones de productividad, competitividad y calidad de vida, se identificaron estrategias, cuyo logro coadyuvará a mejorar este desempeño: 1) Restauración del ecosistema manglar 2) Impulso de la acuicultura de baja intensidad de la concha 3) Buen manejo sanitario y depuración 4) Fomento de emprendimientos con enfoque de valor, 5) Fortalecimiento de organizaciones y de los acuerdos de uso y custodia del manglar y 6) Creación de un sistema institucional que contribuya al avance de estos retos.
Modelo de evaluación madurez de gestión de seguridad de la información en centros de datos
Authors: Estacio Corozo Karen 
Published: August 2023

La seguridad de la información (SI) ha pasado de utilizarse netamente para fines de protección de datos clasificados del gobierno en cuestiones militares, a convertirse en un bien de vital importancia para las organizaciones de cualquier sector económico. El objetivo del presente estudio es elaborar una herramienta que permita evaluar la madurez de la seguridad de la información en centros de datos. Para esto, se analizaron los controles de los estándares ISO27002 y NIST 800-53 r5 que aplican al objetivo mencionado, con los controles seleccionados se obtuvo un instrumento que consta de 80 ítems, distribuidos en Aspectos Organizativos de seguridad de la Información (9), Control de Accesos (20), Seguridad Física y Ambiental (28), Seguridad Operativa (14), Seguridad en Telecomunicaciones (9).
Por otra parte, para evaluar el nivel de madurez se tomó como referencia el estudio “Una metodología de múltiples perspectivas para la evaluación de la Madurez de seguridad de centros de datos”, donde se realizan 3 análisis (tradicional, ponderado y contextual) con el objetivo de personalizar el instrumento a las necesidades de la organización considerando la ponderación y relevancia que el auditado le asigna a cada control. Con los resultados obtenidos se analizarán ambas perspectivas y su relación de pertinencia para la empresa donde se aplicará el instrumento, dado que el auditado otorgará la relevancia a los controles y evitar brechas en la seguridad de la información.
Las FinTech y las nuevas herramientas financieras de las Microempresas
Authors: Juca Maldonado Fernando 
Published: August 2023

Las FinTech, son empresas que combinan finanzas y tecnología para ofrecer una variedad de productos y servicios financieros más eficientes y transparentes que permitan brindar una mejor experiencia al cliente y generar valor agregado. El estudio realizado se enfocó en las empresas minoristas de tecnología ubicadas en la ciudad de Machala, Provincia de El Oro, Ecuador. El objetivo consistió en evaluar la percepción sobre la inclusión financiera y el uso de los medios de pagos digitales. Para el estudio, se aplicó una metodología de carácter exploratoria y descriptiva bajo un enfoque cuantitativo. El instrumento utilizado fue la encuesta con preguntas cerradas y escala de Likert; la población estuvo conformada por el sector de microempresas minorista de tecnología de la ciudad de Machala. Se empleó un muestreo probabilístico con selección aleatoria simple, calculando el tamaño de la muestra con un margen de error del 5% y un nivel de confianza del 95%. Los resultados indicaron que las FinTech pueden contribuir al crecimiento económico del país al agilizar y facilitar las transacciones comerciales, reducir costos, brindar seguridad y suministrar oportunidades competitivas a las empresas minoristas del sector tecnológico. Las conclusiones a las que se llegan es que, por desconocimiento y falta de experiencia en el comercio electrónico, no pusieron en práctica ni supieron aprovechar las ventajas que este sistema brinda.
Political Economy of the Carnation Revolution (1974–75)
Authors: Noronha Ricardo 
Published: August 2023

Following the military coup of April 25th, 1974, Portugal experienced a revolutionary period characterized by unprecedented levels of labor unrest and political radicalization. As the social landscape suffered a profound transformation, key-sectors of the economy were nationalized, many firms went into self-management, and large areas of the south were swept by land occupation. When the country’s democratic Constitution was brought to vote on April 2, 1976, it contained numerous references to “socialism,” “self-management,” “planning,” and “agrarian reform,” bearing witness to a widespread commitment to build a “classless society.” What eventually took shape, however, was a mixed economy under a parliamentary regime, very similar to that of countries like Greece and Spain, both of which experienced far less dramatic democratic transitions. Drawing on the writings of Immanuel Wallerstein, Giovanni Arrighi, and Boaventura de Sousa Santos, this article analyzes the plans and strategies devised to ensure a socialist transition in the semiperiphery of the capitalist world-system during the 1970s.
Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) Works in the Stock Market of Bangladesh: Empirical Evidence from Sector-Wise Index of Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE)
Authors: Siraz Meah Md. , Morshed Bhuiya Mohammad Monzur 
Published: August 2023

The present study examines the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) in Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) with special orientation to 10 different sector indexes. They are such as Banking sector index, Energy sector index, Ceramic sector index, Food sector index, General Insurance sector index, Life Insurance sector index, Cement sector index, Leasing and Finance sector index, Textile sector index, ICT sector index of Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE). Data were gathered from the Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) website (www.cse.combd) for the time frame of July 2016 to June 2019. From Bangladesh’s central bank website (www.centralbank.combd), the risk-free return (Rf) has been gathered. The study uses year-end closing price and dividend for 92 listed companies. The expected return is measured through Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), which is developed by William Sharpe (1964). For analysis the data, Mean, percentage, ANOVA, ‘t’ test are used as statistical tools. Descriptive and Regression analysis have been done to find the results. The study is only confined to CSE. So, there is an avenue for further researchers to add Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) in their research project. This approach is applicable to both investors and issuers when exchanging shares of securities on the stock market. The study concludes that the CAPM is not applicable to the 10 distinct sector indices of the CSE because, at a typical level of risk, the gap between expected and actual returns is quite large. Hence, CAPM was tested separately for each year of the five years period and the results in the mentioned tables did not support the CAPM applicability.
Comparison of 2D and 3D Finite Element Analysis of RC Blocks Culvert Based on Soil-Structure Interaction Using GTS
Authors: Ajwad Ali 
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a comparison of soil-structure interaction based on 2D and 3D finite element analyses of ‘Reinforced Concrete Box Culvert’ by using the software GTS (Geotechnical and Tunnel Analysis System). For buried Structures like Box Culvert, the soil below the structure is to be simulated by elastic spring while surrounding and overlying soil by superimposed load combinations. GTS is the most advanced software, presenting a new paradigm for Box Culvert and other specific geotechnical structures. It is based on expert analysis and advanced graphic technologies. GTS enables engineers to intuitively generate complex geotechnical models. Such modeling capabilities are armed with strong analytic features, powered by a uniquely developed multi-frontal solver with the fastest analysis speed. The difference in values of forces and moments, between 3D FEA and 2D FEA, has been found to be more in large sections (10ft x 10ft) than in small sections (5ft x 5ft) of Box Culverts.
Henry Suso’s Doormat of Abandonment
Authors: Reisenauer Augustine M. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
This article explores how Henry Suso, while advancing along his mystic and mystagogic path, encounters and embraces a doormat that both inspires and inhibits his practice of the abandonment that it betokens. It argues that, by affectively clinging onto this token, rather than giving it away to Elsbeth Stagel to alleviate her suffering, Suso displays how unexemplary he remains in the task of abandoning himself. His unexemplary behavior contrasts not only with Stagel’s handcrafting and distributing copies of his carved-out IHS monogram, but also with her advancement, before him and beyond his guidance, into the naked Godhead. The exposure of these deficiencies in his exemplarity accentuates not only how the servant of eternal Wisdom functions as an aspirational figure for Suso, but also how the crucified Christ alone, in his total and unsurpassable abandonment to God and by God, serves as the exemplar of exemplars. In being progressively conformed to the self-emptying and self-emptied Jesus, Suso is summoned to abandon even his self-constructed “abandoned” self.