bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large genus asymptotics for lengths of separating closed geodesics on random surfaces
Authors: Nie Xin , Wu Yunhui , Xue Yuhao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate basic geometric quantities of a random hyperbolic surface of genus with respect to the Weil–Petersson measure on the moduli space . We show that as goes to infinity, a generic surface satisfies asymptotically:the separating systole of is approximatelythere is a half‐collar of width approximately around any separating systolic curve onthe length of the shortest separating closed multi‐geodesics on is approximately .As applications, we also discuss the asymptotic behavior of the extremal separating systole, the non‐simple systole, and the expected length of the shortest separating closed multi‐geodesics as goes to infinity.
From Start-Up to Scale-Up of a Health-Promoting Intervention for Older Adults: The Choose to Move Story
Authors: Nettlefold Lindsay , Gray Samantha M. , Sims-Gould Joanie , McKay Heather A. 
Published: January 2023

Interventions that are effective in research (efficacy or effectiveness) trials cannot improve health at a population level unless they are successfully delivered more broadly (scaled up) outside of the research setting. However, scale-up is often relegated to the too hard basket. Factors such as the need to adapt interventions prior to implementing them in diverse settings at scale, retaining fidelity to the intervention, and cultivating the necessary community and funding partnerships can all present a challenge. In the present review article, we present a scale-up case study—Choose to Move—an effective health-promoting intervention for older adults. The objectives of this review were to (a) describe the frameworks and processes adopted to implement, adapt, and scale up Choose to Move across British Columbia, Canada; (b) provide an overview of the phased approach to scale-up; and (c) share key lessons learned while implementing and scaling up health-promoting interventions with community partners across more than 2 decades.
Assessment of choriocapillaris and choroidal vascular changes in posterior uveitis using swept-source wide-field optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Tian Meng , Zeng Guodong , Zinkernagel Martin , Tappeiner Christoph , Wolf Sebastian , Munk Marion R 
Published: January 2023

PurposeTo evaluate choriocapillaris (CC) and choroidal vascular changes in patients with posterior uveitis using swept-source (SS) wide-field optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodConsecutive patients with posterior uveitis were evaluated using 3×3 mm and 12×12 mm OCTA scan patterns and montage images of 5×12×12 mm or 2×15×9 mm, covering approximately 70°–90° of the retina. The images were quantitatively and qualitatively analysed and compared with healthy controls.ResultsEighty-six eyes of 56 patients with posterior uveitis (mean age 45.2±19.9 years; 58.9% female), and 38 eyes of 19 age-matched healthy controls (57.9% female) were included. The mean perfusion density (PD) in 3×3 mm and 12×12 mm CC scans was significantly lower in eyes with posterior uveitis compared with those of healthy controls. However, no significant difference in the mean PD of choroidal scans was found comparing eyes with posterior uveitis and healthy controls. The mean PD in eyes with active disease was significantly higher compared with the inactive eyes on 12×12 mm choroidal scans (55.61% vs 51.25%, p=0.02), while no difference was found in the CC slabs.ConclusionCC and choroidal assessment using OCTA provides useful information in patients with posterior uveitis. SS-OCTA metrics of the CC and choroidal slabs are promising tools in uveitis patients in the future.Trial registration numberNCT02811536.
Artificial intelligence-based fluid quantification and associated visual outcomes in a real-world, multicentre neovascular age-related macular degeneration national database
Authors: Martin-Pinardel Ruben , Izquierdo-Serra Jordi , De Zanet Sandro , Parrado-Carrillo Alba , Garay-Aramburu Gonzaga , Puzo Martin , Arruabarrena Carolina , Sararols Laura , Abraldes Maximino , Broc Laura , Escobar-Barranco Jose Juan , Figueroa Marta , Zapata Miguel Angel , Ruiz-Moreno José M , Moll-Udina Aina , Bernal-Morales Carolina , Alforja Socorro , Figueras-Roca Marc , Gómez-Baldó Laia , Ciller Carlos , Apostolopoulos Stefanos , Mosinska Agata , Casaroli Marano Ricardo P , Zarranz-Ventura Javier 
Published: January 2023

AimTo explore associations between artificial intelligence (AI)-based fluid compartment quantifications and 12 months visual outcomes in OCT images from a real-world, multicentre, national cohort of naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated eyes.MethodsDemographics, visual acuity (VA), drug and number of injections data were collected using a validated web-based tool. Fluid compartment quantifications including intraretinal fluid (IRF), subretinal fluid (SRF) and pigment epithelial detachment (PED) in the fovea (1 mm), parafovea (3 mm) and perifovea (6 mm) were measured in nanoliters (nL) using a validated AI-tool.Results452 naïve nAMD eyes presented a mean VA gain of +5.5 letters with a median of 7 injections over 12 months. Baseline foveal IRF associated poorer baseline (44.7 vs 63.4 letters) and final VA (52.1 vs 69.1), SRF better final VA (67.1 vs 59.0) and greater VA gains (+7.1 vs +1.9), and PED poorer baseline (48.8 vs 57.3) and final VA (55.1 vs 64.1). Predicted VA gains were greater for foveal SRF (+6.2 vs +0.6), parafoveal SRF (+6.9 vs +1.3), perifoveal SRF (+6.2 vs −0.1) and parafoveal IRF (+7.4 vs +3.6, all p<0.05). Fluid dynamics analysis revealed the greatest relative volume reduction for foveal SRF (−16.4 nL, −86.8%), followed by IRF (−17.2 nL, −84.7%) and PED (−19.1 nL, −28.6%). Subgroup analysis showed greater reductions in eyes with higher number of injections.ConclusionThis real-world study describes an AI-based analysis of fluid dynamics and defines baseline OCT-based patient profiles that associate 12-month visual outcomes in a large cohort of treated naïve nAMD eyes nationwide.
AI-based clinical assessment of optic nerve head robustness superseding biomechanical testing
Authors: Braeu Fabian A , Chuangsuwanich Thanadet , Tun Tin A , Perera Shamira , Husain Rahat , Thiery Alexandre H , Aung Tin , Barbastathis George , Girard Michaël J A 
Published: January 2023

Background/aimsTo use artificial intelligence (AI) to: (1) exploit biomechanical knowledge of the optic nerve head (ONH) from a relatively large population; (2) assess ONH robustness (ie, sensitivity of the ONH to changes in intraocular pressure (IOP)) from a single optical coherence tomography (OCT) volume scan of the ONH without the need for biomechanical testing and (3) identify what critical three-dimensional (3D) structural features dictate ONH robustness.Methods316 subjects had their ONHs imaged with OCT before and after acute IOP elevation through ophthalmo-dynamometry. IOP-induced lamina cribrosa (LC) deformations were then mapped in 3D and used to classify ONHs. Those with an average effective LC strain superior to 4% were considered fragile, while those with a strain inferior to 4% robust. Learning from these data, we compared three AI algorithms to predict ONH robustness strictly from a baseline (undeformed) OCT volume: (1) a random forest classifier; (2) an autoencoder and (3) a dynamic graph convolutional neural network (DGCNN). The latter algorithm also allowed us to identify what critical 3D structural features make a given ONH robust.ResultsAll three methods were able to predict ONH robustness from a single OCT volume scan alone and without the need to perform biomechanical testing. The DGCNN (area under the curve (AUC): 0.76±0.08) outperformed the autoencoder (AUC: 0.72±0.09) and the random forest classifier (AUC: 0.69±0.05). Interestingly, to assess ONH robustness, the DGCNN mainly used information from the scleral canal and the LC insertion sites.ConclusionsWe propose an AI-driven approach that can assess the robustness of a given ONH solely from a single OCT volume scan of the ONH, and without the need to perform biomechanical testing. Longitudinal studies should establish whether ONH robustness could help us identify fast visual field loss progressors.PrecisUsing geometric deep learning, we can assess optic nerve head robustness (ie, sensitivity to a change in IOP) from a standard OCT scan that might help to identify fast visual field loss progressors.
Multicentre clinical study of haemorrhage after coblation tonsillectomy in children: a prospective study protocol
Authors: Xu Hongming , Qiu Shuyao , Pu Shilei , Hu Bin , Liu Dabo , Li Xiaoyan 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionPost-tonsillectomy haemorrhage (PTH) is the most common and significant life-threatening complication following tonsillectomy, especially in children. Coblation tonsillectomy (CTE) at low temperature is extensively used in China and has gradually replaced conventional tonsil dissection. However, risk of late PTH has been shown to increase with the use of hot instruments. The aim of this study is to detect post-CTE haemorrhage (PCTH) rates and analyse risk factors of PCTH in China, through a nationwide multicentre prospective study.Methods and analysisThis investigator-initiated, prospective, multicentre clinical trial will involve children with tonsil disease who will undergo CTE from 22 research centres in different cities in China. All operations will be performed using the same technique of extracapsular tonsillectomy. Data will be collected for all patients enrolled in this study through a preoperative visit, intraoperative data and a postoperative visit. The measurement data conforming to a normal distribution will be expressed by means±SDs, and a Student’s t-test will be used for comparison. The comparison among groups of counting data will be expressed by percentage or rate, and a χ2test will be used for comparison. Non-conditional logistic regression analysis will be used to analyse the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative risk factors for haemorrhage rate after CTE. P<0.05 will be considered statistically significant.Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Children’s Hospital/Shanghai Jiao Tong University (reference number 2021R096-E01). All patients will provide written informed consent. Results of this study are to be published in respected, peer-reviewed journals and findings presented at scientific conferences in the field of paediatric otorhinolaryngology.Trial registration numberNCT05206799.
Gestational diabetes is driven by microbiota-induced inflammation months before diagnosis
Authors: Pinto Yishay , Frishman Sigal , Turjeman Sondra , Eshel Adi , Nuriel-Ohayon Meital , Shtossel Oshrit , Ziv Oren , Walters William , Parsonnet Julie , Ley Catherine , Johnson Elizabeth L , Kumar Krithika , Schweitzer Ron , Khatib Soliman , Magzal Faiga , Muller Efrat , Tamir Snait , Tenenbaum-Gavish Kinneret , Rautava Samuli , Salminen Seppo , Isolauri Erika , Yariv Or , Peled Yoav , Poran Eran , Pardo Joseph , Chen Rony , Hod Moshe , Borenstein Elhanan , Ley Ruth E , Schwartz Betty , Louzoun Yoram , Hadar Eran , Koren Omry 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition in which women without diabetes are diagnosed with glucose intolerance during pregnancy, typically in the second or third trimester. Early diagnosis, along with a better understanding of its pathophysiology during the first trimester of pregnancy, may be effective in reducing incidence and associated short-term and long-term morbidities.DesignWe comprehensively profiled the gut microbiome, metabolome, inflammatory cytokines, nutrition and clinical records of 394 women during the first trimester of pregnancy, before GDM diagnosis. We then built a model that can predict GDM onset weeks before it is typically diagnosed. Further, we demonstrated the role of the microbiome in disease using faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) of first trimester samples from pregnant women across three unique cohorts.ResultsWe found elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in women who later developed GDM, decreased faecal short-chain fatty acids and altered microbiome. We next confirmed that differences in GDM-associated microbial composition during the first trimester drove inflammation and insulin resistance more than 10 weeks prior to GDM diagnosis using FMT experiments. Following these observations, we used a machine learning approach to predict GDM based on first trimester clinical, microbial and inflammatory markers with high accuracy.ConclusionGDM onset can be identified in the first trimester of pregnancy, earlier than currently accepted. Furthermore, the gut microbiome appears to play a role in inflammation-induced GDM pathogenesis, with interleukin-6 as a potential contributor to pathogenesis. Potential GDM markers, including microbiota, can serve as targets for early diagnostics and therapeutic intervention leading to prevention.
Optoelectronic and magnetic properties of transition metals-adsorbed GeC monolayer
Authors: Wang Shaoqiang , Yang Kunqi , Cui Zhen 
Published: January 2023

The optoelectronic and magnetic behaviors of GeC monolayer after transition metals (TMs) adsorption have been systematically discussed using density functional theory. The calculated data illustrates that the optimal adsorption sites of Sc-, Ti-, V-, Cr-, Mn-, Fe-, and Co-GeC systems are all located at [Formula: see text] site, while the Ni- and Cu-GeC systems are situated in [Formula: see text] site. The band structures of Ti-, Fe-, and Ni-GeC systems still remain nonmagnetic semiconductors, while the Sc-, Cr-, and Cu-GeC systems exhibit magnetic semiconductor behaviors, and the band gaps are 0.11 eV (Sc), 0.30 eV (Cr), and 0.57 eV (Cu), respectively. In particular, V- and Mn-GeC systems exhibit half-metallic characteristics, and Co-GeC system exhibits magnetic metal characteristics. And the magnetic moments of Sc-, V-, Cr-, Mn-, Co-, and Cu-GeC structures have been obtained to be 0.08, 1.00, 2.00, 1.00, 0.04, and 1.00 [Formula: see text], respectively. Furthermore, the charge transfer was exhibited between the GeC and TM. Especially, the work function of GeC can decrease greatly after TM adsorption, among them, the work function of Sc-GeC is 37.9% lower than that of GeC. Consequently, it indicates the usefulness of the TM-GeC system for the fabrication of spintronic and nanoelectronic devices.
Ficção, emoção e realidade: formulações sobre o horror artístico em Drácula e A Bruxa de Blair
Authors: Amaral Leonardo Brandão de Oliveira , Martins Edson Soares , Patrício Pétrus David Sousa 
Published: January 2023

Este artigo propõe uma releitura crítica do conceito de horror artístico (CARROLL, 1999) e uma relativização do alinhamento entre a experiência do gênero horror e a ficcionalidade inerente à produção estética da obra. Pretende-se, nessa direção, uma reformulação da relação estabelecida entre ficção e realidade, no intuito de se compreender a experiência emotiva que é central para o entendimento do horror como gênero. São tomadas, para esse fim, duas obras paradigmáticas do gênero, Drácula e A Bruxa de Blair, por meio das quais é estabelecer uma relação problemática entre ficção e realidade.
Independent Relevance of Different Measures of Adiposity for Carotid Intima‐Media Thickness in 40 000 Adults in UK Biobank
Authors: Pillay Preyanka , Carter Jennifer , Taylor Hannah , Lewington Sarah , Clarke Robert 
Published: January 2023

Background
Uncertainty persists about carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) as a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis and the independent relevance of different measures of adiposity for CIMT. We assessed the independent relevance of general adiposity (body mass index), central adiposity (waist circumference), and body composition (fat mass index and fat‐free mass index) with CIMT among adults in the United Kingdom.

Methods and Results
Multivariable linear regression of cross‐sectional analyses of UK Biobank assessed the mean percentage difference in CIMT associated with equivalent differences in adiposity measures. To assess independent associations, body mass index and waist circumference were mutually adjusted, as were fat mass index and fat‐free mass index. Among 39 367 participants (mean [SD] age 64 [8] years, 52% female, 97% White), median (interquartile range) CIMT was 0.65 (0.14) mm in women and 0.69 (0.18) mm in men. All adiposity measures were linearly and positively associated with CIMT after adjusting for confounders. Fat‐free mass index was most strongly associated with CIMT after adjustment for fat mass index (% difference in CIMT: 1.23 [95% CI 0.93–1.53] women; 3.44 [3.01–3.86] men), while associations of fat mass index were attenuated after adjustment for fat‐free mass index (0.28 [−0.02, 0.58] women; −0.59 [−0.99, −0.18] men). After mutual adjustment, body mass index remained positively associated with CIMT, but waist circumference was completely attenuated.

Conclusions
Fat‐free mass index was the adiposity measure most strongly associated with CIMT, suggesting that CIMT may reflect vascular compensatory remodeling rather than atherosclerosis. Hence, screening for subclinical atherosclerosis should evaluate carotid plaques in addition to CIMT.
Redescribing Our Primary Expertise Or, In Praise of Promiscuous Curiosities
Authors: McCutcheon Russell T. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Using Burton L. Mack’s work in Christian origins and its subsequent influence across the field as an example, this essay argues for a form of scholarship in which working on shared problems and curiosities, across seemingly discrete content specialties, is seen as an expertise to be cultivated among scholars in the study of religion.
Teacher Absenteeism and Poor Learning Outcome in Tanzania: Rethinking an Incentive Scheme as a Strategic Solution to the Problem
Authors: Juma Amina A. , Stonier Francis 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the best strategically sound tactical response to teacher absenteeism that would enhance teacher effectiveness and learning outcomes in Tanzania. The study was guided by two theories; self-determination theory (2000) and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory (1943). A qualitative case study design was used to obtain the results. The study used a sample size of ten research participants comprising of eight habitually absent teachers and two primary school heads. Interviews, focus group discussions and an extensive review of literature that cites studies with similar characteristics were used. The study discovered that the issue of teacher absenteeism and poor learning outcomes can be resolved by providing extrinsic motivation, such as a financial incentive for teachers based on their teaching effort, and appreciating the intrinsic motivation at the same time. The study recommends that the government should prioritize teacher motivation as suggested by Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory.
A Neural Network-based Cloud Mask for PREFIRE and Evaluation with Simulated Observations
Authors: Bertossa Cameron , L’Ecuyer Tristan , Merrelli Aronne , Huang Xianglei , Chen Xiuhong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Polar Radiant Energy in the Far InfraRed Experiment (PREFIRE) will fill a gap in our understanding of polar processes and the polar climate by offering widespread, spectrally-resolved measurements through the Far InfraRed (FIR) with two identical CubeSat spacecraft. While the polar regions are typically difficult for skillful cloud identification due to cold surface temperatures, the reflection by bright surfaces, and frequent temperature inversions, the inclusion of the FIR may offer increased spectral sensitivity, allowing for the detection of even thin ice clouds. This study assesses the potential skill, as well as limitations, of a neural network-based cloud mask using simulated spectra mimicking what the PREFIRE mission will capture. Analysis focuses on the polar regions. Clouds are found to be detected approximately 90% of time using the derived neural network. The NN’s assigned confidence for whether a scene is ‘clear’ or ‘cloudy’ proves to be a skillful way in which quality flags can be attached to predictions. Clouds with higher cloud top heights are typically more easily detected. Low-altitude clouds over polar surfaces, which are the most difficult for the NN to detect, are still detected over 80% of the time. The FIR portion of the spectrum is found to increase the detection of clear scenes and increase mid-to-high altitude cloud detection. Cloud detection skill improves through the use of the overlapping fields of view produced by the PREFIRE instrument’s sampling strategy. Overlapping fields of view increase accuracy relative to the baseline NN while simultaneously predicting on a sub-FOV scale.
Polatuzumab vedotin in previously untreated DLBCL: an Asia subpopulation analysis from the phase 3 POLARIX trial
Authors: Song Yuqin , Tilly Hervé , Rai Shinya , Zhang Huilai , Jin Jie , Goto Hideki , Terui Yasuhito , Shin Ho-Jin , Kim Won Seog , Cao Junning , Feng Jifeng , Eom Hyeon Seok , Kim Tae Min , Tsai Xavier Cheng-Hong , Gau Jyh-Pyng , Koh Hideo , Zhang Liling , Song Yongping , Yang Yu , Li Wei , Huang He , Ando Kiyoshi , Sharman Jeff P. , Sehn Laurie H. , Bu Lilian , Wang Xin , Jiang Yanwen , Hirata Jamie , Lee Calvin , Zhu Jun , Izutsu Koji 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the phase 3 POLARIX study in previously untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, polatuzumab vedotin combined with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (Pola-R-CHP) significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) with similar safety. Patients were randomized 1:1 to 6 cycles of Pola-R-CHP or R-CHOP plus 2 cycles of rituximab alone. For registration of POLARIX in China, consistency of PFS in an Asia subpopulation (defined as ≥50% of the risk reduction in PFS expected in the global population) was evaluated. Overall, 281 patients were analyzed: 160 patients from Asia in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population of the global study and 121 from an ITT China extension cohort. Of these, 141 were randomized to Pola-R-CHP and 140 to R-CHOP. At data cutoff (28 June 2021; median follow-up 24.2 months), PFS met the consistency definition with the global population, and was superior with Pola-R-CHP vs R-CHOP (hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40-1.03). Two-year PFS was 74.2% (95% CI, 65.7-82.7) and 66.5% (95% CI, 57.3-75.6) with Pola-R-CHP and R-CHOP, respectively. Safety was comparable between Pola-R-CHP and R-CHOP, including rates of grade 3 to 4 adverse events (AEs; 72.9% vs 66.2%, respectively), serious AEs (32.9% vs 32.4%), grade 5 AEs (1.4% vs 0.7%), AEs leading to study treatment discontinuation (5.0% vs 7.2%), and any-grade peripheral neuropathy (44.3% vs 50.4%). These findings demonstrate consistent efficacy and safety of Pola-R-CHP vs R-CHOP in the Asia and global populations in POLARIX. This trial was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/home as # NCT03274492.