bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of 2020 COVID-19 lockdowns on particulate air pollution across Europe
Authors: Putaud Jean-Philippe , Pisoni Enrico , Mangold Alexander , Hueglin Christoph , Sciare Jean , Pikridas Michael , Savvides Chrysanthos , Ondracek Jakub , Mbengue Saliou , Wiedensohler Alfred , Weinhold Kay , Merkel Maik , Poulain Laurent , van Pinxteren Dominik , Herrmann Hartmut , Massling Andreas , Nordstroem Claus , Alastuey Andrés , Reche Cristina , Pérez Noemí , Castillo Sonia , Sorribas Mar , Adame Jose Antonio , Petaja Tuukka , Lehtipalo Katrianne , Niemi Jarkko , Riffault Véronique , de Brito Joel F. , Colette Augustin , Favez Olivier , Petit Jean-Eudes , Gros Valérie , Gini Maria I. , Vratolis Stergios , Eleftheriadis Konstantinos , Diapouli Evangelia , Denier van der Gon Hugo , Yttri Karl Espen , Aas Wenche 
Published: September 2023

Abstract. To fight against the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) in 2020, lockdown measures were implemented in most European
countries. These lockdowns had well-documented effects on human mobility. We
assessed the impact of the lockdown implementation and relaxation on air
pollution by comparing daily particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide
(NO2) and ozone (O3) concentrations, as well as particle number
size distributions (PNSDs) and particle light absorption coefficient in situ
measurement data, with values that would have been expected if no COVID-19 epidemic had occurred
at 28 sites across Europe for the period 17 February–31 May 2020.
Expected PM, NO2 and O3 concentrations were calculated from the
2020 Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) ensemble forecasts,
combined with 2019 CAMS ensemble forecasts and measurement data. On average,
lockdown implementations did not lead to a decrease in PM2.5 mass
concentrations at urban sites, while relaxations resulted in a +26 ± 21 % rebound. The impacts of lockdown implementation and relaxation on
NO2 concentrations were more consistent (−29 ± 17 and +31 ± 30 %, respectively). The implementation of the lockdown measures
also induced statistically significant increases in O3 concentrations
at half of all sites (+13 % on average). An enhanced oxidising capacity
of the atmosphere could have boosted the production of secondary aerosol at
those places. By comparison with 2017–2019 measurement data, a
significant change in the relative contributions of wood and fossil fuel
burning to the concentration of black carbon during the lockdown was
detected at 7 out of 14 sites. The contribution of particles smaller than 70 nm to the total number of particles significantly also changed at most of
the urban sites, with a mean decrease of −7 ± 5 % coinciding with
the lockdown implementation. Our study shows that the response of PM2.5
and PM10 mass concentrations to lockdown measures was not systematic at
various sites across Europe for multiple reasons, the relationship between
road traffic intensity and particulate air pollution being more complex than
expected.
Assessing Arctic low-level clouds and precipitation from above – a radar perspective
Authors: Schirmacher Imke , Kollias Pavlos , Lamer Katia , Mech Mario , Pfitzenmaier Lukas , Wendisch Manfred , Crewell Susanne 
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Most Arctic clouds occur below 2 km altitude, as revealed by CloudSat satellite observations. However, recent studies suggest that the
relatively coarse spatial resolution, low sensitivity, and blind zone of the radar installed on CloudSat may not enable it to comprehensively
document low-level clouds. We investigate the impact of these limitations on the Arctic low-level cloud fraction, which is the number of cloudy
points with respect to all points as a function of height, derived from CloudSat radar observations. For this purpose, we leverage highly resolved
vertical profiles of low-level cloud fraction derived from down-looking Microwave Radar/radiometer for Arctic Clouds (MiRAC) radar reflectivity
measurements. MiRAC was operated during four aircraft campaigns that took place in the vicinity of Svalbard during different times of the year,
covering more than 25 000 km. This allows us to study the dependence of CloudSat limitations on different synoptic and surface conditions. A forward simulator converts MiRAC measurements to synthetic CloudSat radar reflectivities. These forward simulations are compared with the original
CloudSat observations for four satellite underflights to prove the suitability of our forward-simulation approach. Above CloudSat's blind zone of
1 km and below 2.5 km, the forward simulations reveal that CloudSat would overestimate the MiRAC cloud fraction over all campaigns
by about 6 percentage points (pp) due to its horizontal resolution and by 12 pp due to its range resolution and underestimate it by
10 pp due to its sensitivity. Especially during cold-air outbreaks over open water, high-reflectivity clouds appear below 1.5 km,
which are stretched by CloudSat's pulse length causing the forward-simulated cloud fraction to be 16 pp higher than that observed by
MiRAC. The pulse length merges multilayer clouds, whereas thin low-reflectivity clouds remain undetected. Consequently, 48 % of clouds observed
by MiRAC belong to multilayer clouds, which reduces by a factor of 4 for the forward-simulated CloudSat counterpart. Despite the overestimation
between 1 and 2.5 km, the overall low-level cloud fraction is strongly reduced due to CloudSat's blind zone that misses a cloud fraction of
32 % and half of the total (mainly light) precipitation amount.
QUALIDADE, e-CIDADANIA E EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA: UMA RELAÇÃO POSSÍVEL
Authors: Lima Daniela da Costa Britto Pereira 
Published: September 2023

Este estudo faz parte de uma rede de pesquisa nacional e internacional sobre a regulamentação e qualidade da educação a distância (EaD) e tem como objetivo compreender e relacionar a e-cidadania com a qualidade como elementos importantes do desenvolvimento da garantia de desenvolvimento da EaD numa perspectiva socialmente referenciada. Para isso foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico no repositório internacional Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), considerando o período 2019-2023. Concluiu-se ser relevante a inclusão da e-cidadania como um dos indicadores da qualidade socialmente referenciada na EaD, pela similitude de seus conceitos e propósitos na formação do profissional cidadão emancipado.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Educação a Distância; e-Cidadania; Qualidade Socialmente Referenciada.
Características clínicas y laboratoriales de pacientes adultos ambulatorios con Chikungunya del Hospital Nacional de Itauguá de Paraguay durante la epidemia 2022-2023.
Authors: Montiel-Jarolín Dora , Samudio Margarita , Torres Estela , Jarolín Magalí , Taboada Verónica , Sánchez Luis 
Published: September 2023

Introducción: La infección aguda por chikungunya produce una infección auto-limitada caracterizada principalmente por fiebre alta, artralgias, artritis, cefalea, mialgias y exantema pruriginoso; una minoría presenta síntomas persistentes que puede evolucionar a la cronicidad. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas y laboratoriales de pacientes adultos ambulatorios con chikungunya en un hospital de referencia durante la epidemia del 2022-2023 en Paraguay. Materiales y Método: estudio descriptivo de corte trasversal de pacientes adultos con chikungunya que consultaron en el Hospital Nacional de Itauguá entre enero-marzo de 2023. Resultados: Se incluyeron 140 pacientes entre 19 y 79 años (edad media: 46,6±13,6), 77,9% del sexo femenino y 89,3% del departamento Central. El 72,9% de los pacientes fueron confirmados por RT-PCR y el resto por la clínica o serología. El 48,6% tenía alguna comorbilidad, el 65% se encontraba en la fase aguda, y el resto en la fase subaguda (35%). Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron la poliartralgia (96,4%); artritis (98,6%), fiebre (95,7%), astenia (100%), mialgias (96,4%), cefalea (82,9%), exantema (95%). Los síntomas gastrointestinales fueron menos frecuentes; náuseas (37%), vómitos (15,7%) y diarrea (20%). Entre los principales hallazgos laboratoriales se encontraron la proteína C reactiva aumentada (45,7%), leucopenia (23,6%), eritrosedimentación aumentada (27,9%), citólisis hepática leve (13,6%). Todos fueron tratados con paracetamol; el 60,4% y el 87,8% de los pacientes en fase aguda y subaguda recibieron AINES, respectivamente. Conclusión: La combinación de fiebre alta y artralgia severa fue el rasgo característico de la infección por el virus chikungunya en la epidemia en Paraguay.
The Use of Jigsaw Strategy on Students’ Speaking Ability in Expressing Gratitude and Appreciation
Authors: Bukit Herawati , Sarma Dewi Kemala. S  , Manik Sabar , Panggabean Himpun 
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this research was to identify the effectiveness of jigsaw strategy on students' speaking ability in expressing gratitude and appreciation. This study employed a quantitative research design and involved two groups of students: the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group was taught using the Jigsaw Strategy, while the control group received instruction without jigsaw strategy. The population of the research consisted of 60 students from the second grade of SMP Singosari Delitua, and a purposive sample technique was applied where 30 students was selected as control group and another 30 students were selected as experimental group. Speaking tests, including pre-tests and post-tests, were used to collect the data for both groups. In the control group, the mean deviation was 8.87, indicating a low level of improvement. This group was taught without the Jigsaw Strategy. On the other hand, the experimental group taught using the Jigsaw Strategy, had a mean deviation of 23.03, showing a higher level of improvement. As a result, it was concluded that the Jigsaw Strategy had a significant impact on students' speaking achievement in expressing gratitude and appreciation. Based on the information provided, this research can be considered an effective approach to the teaching and learning process.
Keywords: Speaking, Appreciation, Gratitude, Jigsaw Strategy
Risk Factors for Postoperative Urinary Retention After Lumbar Fusion Surgery: Anesthetics and Surgical Approach
Authors: Heard Jeremy C. , Lee Yunsoo , Lambrechts Mark J. , Ezeonu Teeto , Dees Azra N. , Wiafe Bright M. , Wright Justin , Toci Gregory R. , Schwenk Eric S. , Canseco Jose A. , Kaye Ian D. , Kurd Mark F. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Schroeder Gregory D. , Kepler Christopher K. 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) after lumbar fusion surgery can lead to longer hospital stays and thus increased risk of developing other postoperative complications. Therefore, we aimed to determine the relationship between POUR and (1) surgical approach and (2) anesthetic agents, including sugammadex and glycopyrrolate.

Methods:
After institutional review board approval, L4-S1 single-level lumbar fusion surgeries between 2018 and 2021 were identified. A 3:1 propensity match of patients with POUR to those without was conducted, controlling for patient age, sex, diabetes status, body mass index, smoking status, history of benign prostatic hyperplasia, and the number of levels decompressed. POUR was defined as documented straight catheterization yielding >400 mL. We compared patient demographic, surgical, anesthetic, and postoperative characteristics. A bivariant analysis and backward multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis (P-value < 0.200) were performed. Significance was set to P < 0.05.

Results:
Of the 899 patients identified, 51 met the criteria for POUR and were matched to 153 patients. No notable differences were observed between groups based on demographic or surgical characteristics. On bivariant analysis, patients who developed POUR were more likely to have been given succinylcholine (13.7% vs. 3.92%, P = 0.020) as an induction agent. The independent predictors of POUR identified by multivariable analysis included the use of succinylcholine {odds ratio (OR), 4.37 (confidence interval [CI], 1.26 to 16.46), P = 0.022} and reduced postoperative activity (OR, 0.99 [CI, 0.993 to 0.999], P = 0.049). Factors protective against POUR included using sugammadex as a reversal agent (OR, 0.38 [CI, 0.17 to 0.82], P = 0.017). The stepwise regression did not identify an anterior surgical approach as a notable predictor of POUR.

Conclusion:
We demonstrate that sugammadex for anesthesia reversal was protective against POUR while succinylcholine and reduced postoperative activity were associated with the development of POUR. In addition, we found no difference between the anterior or posterior approach to spinal fusion in the development of POUR.
Presentation, management and short-term outcomes of extradural spinal tumours at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Mutembo Hilgard , Sonkwe B.B.D. , Munthali J.C 
Published: September 2023

Objectives: To investigate the clinical presentation of patients with extradural spinal tumours and establish the factors that determined the treatment they received and outline the outcomes of that treatment at the University Teaching Hospital between January 2013 and December 2016.
Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study of the presentation, management and shortterm outcome of extradural spinal tumours at the University Teaching Hospital. A questionnaire was used to obtain data from patients' hospital records. Data was analysed using Microsoft Excel and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 software.
Results: Of the 62 patients in the study, 34 were female and 28 male. The age range was 14 to 87 years, with a mean of 55.03. Backache (93.8%), Limb weakness (91.9%), loss of sensation (50%), urine and stool incontinence (43.5% and 41.9% respectively), back deformity (11.3%), night pain (85.5%), weight loss(67.7%), poor appetite (61.3%), fever (35.5%) and night sweats(29%) were common symptoms. Sixty-eight percent of patients were bedridden. Visual Analogue Scale scores were greater than 5 in 84% of patients. A muscle power grade of 3 or less (n=48), impaired muscle tone (n=38), abnormal reflexes (n=52), presence of a sensory level(n=37) and back deformity (n=17) were common signs. Plain radiography, Computed Tomography Scans, Magnetic Resonance Scans and Tecnetium Bone scans were done in 60, 35, 17 and 2 patients respectively. The commonest surgical host category was A (64%). Secondary Extradural Spinal Tumours comprised 82% while 18% were primary. Surgery was done in 14 patients with 1 failing to afford implants. Forty-eight received nonsurgical treatment. Nineteen percent of patients had improved pain scores but the rest remained the same or worsened after treatment. Complications included decubitus ulcers, Urinary Tract Infection, Deep Veinous Thrombosis, pneumonia, sepsis and joint stiffness. Fourty patients died and eighteen patients were lost to follow-up.
Conclusions: The ages of patients followed normal distribution with female to male ratio of 1.2 to 1. Most patients presented with symptoms and signs of advanced disease. The type of extradural spinal tumour, stage of disease, completeness of diagnostic workup, availability of implants, need for tissue diagnosis, type of surgical host and availability of nonsurgical treatment modality determined the choice of treatment. Poor outcomes in quantity and quality of life are a reflection of the late presentation, delayed diagnosis, lack of resources and difficulty of treating these tumours. Extradural spinal tumours are not uncommon and cause significant morbidity and mortality in those affected.
Localization Techniques in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Communication: Fundamental Principles, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Vuckovic Katarina , Rahanvard Nazanin 
Published: September 2023

This chapter provides an overview of localization techniques in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) communication systems. The chapter mainly focuses on sub-6 GHz and mmWave bands. MIMO technology enables high-capacity wireless communication, but also presents challenges for localization due to the complexity of the signal propagation environment. Various methods have been developed to overcome these challenges, which utilize side information such as the map of the area, or techniques such as Compressive Sensing (CS), Deep Learning (DL), Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), or clustering. These techniques utilize wireless communication parameters such as Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Channel State Information (CSI), Angle-Delay-Profile (ADP), Angle-of-Departure (AoD), Angle-of-Arrival (AoA), or Time-of-Arrival (ToA) as inputs to estimate the user’s location. The goal of this chapter is to offer a comprehensive understanding of MIMO localization techniques, along with an overview of the challenges and opportunities associated with them. Furthermore, it also aims to provide the theoretical background on channel models and wireless channel parameters required to understand the localization techniques.
relaciones y la violencia basada en género: posibilidades o límites en el campus universitario
Authors: Artiles Visbal Leticia 
Published: September 2023

Entre el 2006 y el 2017 algunas investigaciones revelaron un aumento del 25% en la prevalencia de la violencia de género en los espacios universitarios. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar algunos aspectos de la violencia de género en las universidades y otras instituciones de educación superior. Metodología: revisión bibliográfica, base de datos de información Google Scholar; criterios de selección títulos de trabajos originales y palabras clave: “género”, violencia de género, “violencia”, “universidad” e “instituciones de educación superior”. El filtro utilizado fueron artículos publicados entre 2019-2023, en español e inglés. Se seleccionaron cuarenta y seis artículos. Los tipos de violencia de género predominantes fueron la sexual, el acoso y la agresión sexual. Los protocolos y comités universitarios normativos de las universidades no fueron objeto de estudio de las publicaciones analizadas. Es necesario definir estándares para brindar una correcta protección a las víctimas y elaborar acciones encaminadas a la “tolerancia cero” ante la violencia de género en las universidades e instituciones de educación superior.
Palabras clave: género, violencia de género, instituciones de educación superior.
Abstract
Between 2006 - 2017 some research revealed an increase prevalence of gender violence in university spaces by 25%, The aim of this paper is to analyze some aspects of gender-based violence in the university and other higher education institutions. Methodology: bibliographic review, database information Google Scholar; criteria selection titles of original papers and keywords “gender”, “gender-based violence”, “violence” “university” and “higher education institutions.”. The filter used was articles published between 2019-2023, in Spanish and English. Forty-six articles were selected. The predominant types of gender violence were sexual, harassment and sexual assault. Protocols and regulations against gender violence were not the aim of the papers analyzed but that doesn't mean it there aren't exist. It is necessary to define standards to provide correct protection to the victims and to draw up actions directed to “zero tolerance” to gender-based violence in universities and higher education institutions.
Keywords: gender, gender-based violence, higher education institutions.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Metode Diskusi Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita Permasamaan Linear Dua Variabel Kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Mimika
Authors: Vebriana Vivi , Rasul A. , Densemina Densemina 
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) nilai rata-rata pretest dan posttest pada kelas eskperimen dan kelas kontrol pada mata pelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Quasi Eksperimen. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Negeri 2 Mimika pada bulan Agustus-September 2021. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Mimika yang berjumlah 77 siswa dan sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 53 orang siswa yang terdiri atas dua kelas yakni kelas X IPA 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas X IPA 2 sebagai kelas kontrol. Kelas eksperimen dalam perlakuannya dengan metode diskusi kelompok sedangkan kelas kontrol hanya menggunakan metode konvensional (ceramah) dalam proses pembelajaran. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Quasi Eksperimental Design. Berdasarkan analisis hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari kedua kelompok yaitu kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol, dapat dilihat bahwa penggunaan metode diskusi pada kelompok eksperimen dalam proses pembelajaran dengan jumlah nilai 1.029, nilai minimum 28, nilai maksimum 45, nilai rata-rata 36,75 dan variansi 27,083. Sebaliknya pada kelompok kontrol yang menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional diperoleh jumlah keseluruhan nilai hasil belajar adalah 800, nilai minimum 23, nilai maksimum 40, nilai rata-rata 32 dan varian 25,306. Pengujian hipotesis hasil belajar menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh penggunaan metode diskusi terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Mimika. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh bahwa thitung > ttabel (3,376 > 1,675), maka Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak.
Dampak Kekerasan Verbal di Lingkungan Sekolah
Authors: Reswita  , Bernadet Buulolo  
Published: September 2023

Kekerasan verbal dapat memiliki dampak negatif yang signifikan, terutama pada perkembangan emosional dan psikologis anak. Kekerasan verbal dapat dialami anak pada lingkungan sekolah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menmperoleh solusi sebagai upaya adventif dan kuratif masalah kekerasan verbal di lingkungan sekolah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah library research dengan mendokumentasikan artikel, buku, dan analisis lapangan. Selanjutnya mengumpulkan bahan-bahan yang dibutuhkan, pengelompokan, dan kemudian dianalisis sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian. Dari Hasil penelitian diketahui beberapa dampak yang bisa timbul akibat kekerasan verbal: (1)Rendahnya harga diri, (2) gangguan kesehatan mental, (3) gangguan hubungan interpersonal, (4) penurunan performa akademik, (5) perilaku agresif, (6) gangguan emosional, dan (7) sikap diri yang negatif. Penting untuk diingat bahwa kekerasan verbal tidak hanya berdampak pada saat itu, tetapi juga dapat meninggalkan bekas jangka panjang pada korban. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mendorong komunikasi yang sehat, penuh pengertian, dan mendukung dalam hubungan interpersonal. Jika Anak atau seseorang yang Anak kenal mengalami kekerasan verbal, penting untuk mencari bantuan dan dukungan dari profesional atau organisasi yang dapat memberikan pertolongan.