bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative anxiety level is not associated with postoperative negative behavioral changes in premedicated children
Authors: Zickerman Caroline , Brorsson Camilla , Hultin Magnus , Johansson Göran , Winsö Ola , Haney Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnesthesia preinduction anxiety in children can according to some studies lead to long‐term anxiety and negative behavioral changes (NBC), while other studies have not found this effect. This secondary analysis from a recent premedication trial comparing clonidine and midazolam aimed to test the relation between preoperative anxiety assessed with modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) and postoperative NBCs assessed with Post Hospital Behavior Questionnaire (PHBQ), regardless of premedication type.MethodsThis is a planned secondary analysis from a published premedication comparison trial in an outpatient surgery cohort, children aged 2–7 years. Participant and preoperative factors, particularly preoperative anxiety as mYPAS scores, were assessed for association with development of postoperative NBCs.ResultsFifty‐four of the 115 participants had high preinduction anxiety (mYPAS >30), and 19 of 115 developed >3 postoperative NBCs 1 week after surgery. There was no association between preinduction anxiety level as mYPAS scores and the development of postoperative NBCs at 1 week after surgery (10 of 19 had both, p = .62) nor after 4‐ or 26‐weeks post‐surgery. Only lower age was associated with development of NBCs postoperatively.ConclusionsBased on the findings from this cohort, high preinduction anxiety does not appear to be associated with NBCs postoperatively in children premedicated with clonidine or midazolam.
Refractory out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A meta‐analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Scquizzato Tommaso , Bonaccorso Alessandra , Swol Justyna , Gamberini Lorenzo , Scandroglio Anna Mara , Landoni Giovanni , Zangrillo Alberto 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn adults with refractory out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest, when conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) alone does not achieve return of spontaneous circulation, extracorporeal CPR is attempted to restore perfusion and improve outcomes. Considering the contrasting findings of recent studies, we conducted a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials to ascertain the effect of extracorporeal CPR on survival and neurological outcome.MethodsPubmed via MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to February 3, 2023, for randomized controlled trials comparing extracorporeal CPR versus conventional CPR in adults with refractory out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. Survival with a favorable neurological outcome at the longest follow‐up available was the primary outcome.ResultsAmong four randomized controlled trials included, extracorporeal CPR compared with conventional CPR increased survival with favorable neurological outcome at the longest follow‐up available for all rhythms (59/220 [27%] vs. 39/213 [18%]; OR = 1.72; 95% CI, 1.09–2.70; p = 0.02; I2 = 26%; number needed to treat of 9), for initial shockable rhythms only (55/164 [34%] vs. 38/165 [23%]; OR = 1.90; 95% CI, 1.16–3.13; p = 0.01; I2 = 23%; number needed to treat of 7), and at hospital discharge or 30 days (55/220 [25%] vs. 34/212 [16%]; OR = 1.82; 95% CI, 1.13–2.92; p = 0.01; I2 = 0.0%). Overall survival at the longest follow‐up available was similar (61/220 [25%] vs. 34/212 [16%]; OR = 1.82; 95% CI, 1.13–2.92; p = 0.59; I2 = 58%).ConclusionsExtracorporeal CPR compared with conventional CPR increased survival with favorable neurological outcome in adults with refractory out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest, especially when the initial rhythm was shockable.Review RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42023396482.
Diagnostic accuracy of retinal optical coherence tomography in children with a newly diagnosed brain tumour
Authors: Nuijts Myrthe A. , Stegeman Inge , Porro Giorgio L. , Bennebroek Carlien A. M. , van Seeters Tom , Proudlock Frank A. , Schouten – van Meeteren Antoinette Y. N. , Imhof Saskia M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeTo estimate the diagnostic accuracy of circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and macular ganglion cell layer–inner plexiform layer (GCL‐IPL) thickness measurements to discriminate an abnormal visual function (i.e. abnormal age‐based visual acuity and/or visual field defect) in children with a newly diagnosed brain tumour.MethodsThis cross‐sectional analysis of a prospective longitudinal nationwide cohort study was conducted at four hospitals in the Netherlands, including the national referral centre for paediatric oncology. Patients aged 0–18 years with a newly diagnosed brain tumour and reliable visual acuity and/or visual field examination and optical coherence tomography were included. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV).ResultsOf 115 patients included in the study (67 [58.3%] male; median age 10.6 years [range, 0.2–17.8 years]), reliable RNFL thickness and GCL‐IPL thickness measurements were available in 92 patients (80.0%) and 84 patients (73.0%), respectively. The sensitivity for detecting an abnormal visual function was 74.5% for average RNFL thickness and 41.7% for average GCL‐IPL thickness at a specificity of 44.5% and 82.9%, respectively. The PPV and NPV were 33.0% and 82.6% for the average RNFL thickness and 57.1% and 82.2% for the average GCL‐IPL thickness.ConclusionAn abnormal visual function was discriminated correctly by using the average RNFL thickness in seven out of ten patients and by using the average GCL‐IPL thickness in four out of ten patients. The relatively high NPVs signified that patients with normal average RNFL thickness and average GCL‐IPL thickness measurements had a relative high certainty of a normal visual function.
Prevalence of residual amblyopia in adulthood and its association on educational outcome and quality of life in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort
Authors: Liinamaa M. Johanna , Leiviskä Ilmari L. , Saarela Ville O. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the current study was to evaluate the prevalence of residual amblyopia in adults in a population screened and treated in childhood. We also wanted to evaluate the association of amblyopia on school success, level of education, and quality of life.MethodsThis is a follow‐up study of 2708 subjects of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort. At the age of 46, the subjects took part in ophthalmic examinations, including the measurement of best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and refraction. Residual amblyopia was defined as BCVA 20/30 or less (logMAR ≥0.2) in one or both eyes or a two‐line interocular visual acuity difference and absence of any pathological ocular factors. The quality of life was assessed with a 15D questionnaire, and educational outcome, school success, and episodic memory with a CANTAB‐PAL (paired associates learning) test were evaluated.ResultsThe prevalence of amblyopia in the current adult population aged 46 years was 1.3% (n = 36). At 14 years, the amblyopia subjects had had significant differences in mean spherical equivalent between the amblyopic and fellow eye and strabismus more often than controls. No significant differences were observed in the CANTAB‐PAL test or in educational outcome. However, amblyopia subjects had significant difficulties in the 15D questionnaire in terms of vision (54% vs. 34%, p = 0.01).ConclusionDue to screening and treatment in childhood, the number of adults with residual amblyopia was low. Despite minor visual impairment and discomfort, they cope very well in life in terms of educational outcome and quality of life.
When gender is more likely to predict pay via self‐enhancement values and working hours: The role of country's level of gender inequality
Authors: Masuda Aline D. , Sortheix Florencia M. , Holtschlag Claudia , Morales Carlos 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBuilding upon situational strength and biosocial constructionist theories, we test the indirect effect of gender on pay via self‐enhancement values (e.g. power and achievement) and working hours. We also examine the moderating role of country‐level inequality on that mediated link. The results of multilevel regressions with 16,352 respondents nested in 28 European countries support the hypotheses that men are more likely to prioritise self‐enhancement values, to work more hours than women and consequently receive higher earnings. The indirect effect of gender on pay via self‐enhancement values and working hours was stronger for gender‐equal countries. The link between gender and working hours was moderated by country‐level inequality. In gender‐equal countries, the differences in working hours for men and women were larger than in gender‐unequal countries. We discuss the implications of our findings for creating policies that promote gender equality in salary.
Baseline metabolic tumour burden improves risk stratification in Hodgkin lymphoma: A Children's Oncology Group study
Authors: Milgrom Sarah A. , Kim Jihyun , Pei Qinglin , Lee Inki , Hoppe Bradford S. , Wu Yue , Hodgson David , Kessel Sandy , McCarten Kathleen M. , Roberts Kenneth , Lo Andrea C. , Cole Peter D. , Kelly Kara M. , Cho Steve Y. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe Children's Oncology Group AHOD0831 study used a positron emission tomography (PET) response‐adapted approach in high‐risk Hodgkin lymphoma, whereby slow early responders (SERs) received more intensive therapy than rapid early responders (RERs). We explored if baseline PET‐based characteristics would improve risk stratification. Of 166 patients enrolled in the COG AHOD0831 study, 94 (57%) had baseline PET scans evaluable for quantitative analysis. For these patients, total body metabolic tumour volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and peak SUV (SUVpeak) were obtained. MTV/TLG thresholds were an SUV of 2.5 (MTV2.5/TLG2.5) and 40% of the tumour SUVmax (MTV40%/TLG40%). TLG2.5 was associated with event‐free survival (EFS) in the complete cohort (p = 0.04) and in RERs (p = 0.01), but not in SERs (p = 0.8). The Youden index cut‐off for TLG2.5 was 1841. Four‐year EFS was 92% for RER/TLG2.5 up to 1841, 60% for RER/TLG2.5 greater than 1841, 74% for SER/TLG2.5 up to 1841 and 79% for SER/TLG2.5 greater than 1841. Second EFS for RER/TLG2.5 up to 1841 was 100%. Thus, RERs with a low baseline TLG2.5 experienced excellent EFS with less intensive therapy, whereas RERs with a high baseline TLG2.5 experienced poor EFS. These findings suggest that patients with a high upfront tumour burden may benefit from intensified therapy, even if they achieve a RER.
Genetics as a novel tool in mining impact assessment and biomonitoring of critically endangered western chimpanzees in the Nimba Mountains, Guinea
Authors: Koops Kathelijne , Humle Tatyana , Frandsen Peter , Fitzgerald Maegan , D'Auvergne Lucy , Jackson Hazel A. , Børsting Claus , Siegismund Hans R. , Soumah Aly Gaspard , Hvilsom Christina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWestern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) are Critically Endangered and Guinea is a key stronghold for this subspecies. However, Guinea is also rich in minerals with some of the highest‐grade iron‐ore deposits in the world. Specifically, the Nimba Mountains, home to western chimpanzees, is one of the sites under consideration for mining activities. To assess the impact of mining activities in the area, we used non‐invasive genetic sampling to estimate chimpanzee population size, sex ratio, community composition, and range boundaries on the western flank of the massif. The level of genetic diversity and affinity between communities was estimated and recommendations for future genetic censusing provided. Between 2003 and 2018, we collected 999 fecal samples of which 663 were analyzed using a panel of 26 microsatellites. We identified a minimum of 136 chimpanzees in four communities, with evidence of migratory events, a high level of shared ancestry and genetic diversity. We assessed sampling intensities and capture rates for each community. Saturation was reached in two communities with sampling between 3.2 and 4.3 times the estimated number of chimpanzees. Our findings highlight the utility of genetic censusing for temporal monitoring of ape abundance, as well as capturing migratory events and gauging genetic diversity and population viability over time. We recommend genetic sampling, combined with camera trapping, for use in future Environmental and Social Impact Assessments, as these methods can yield robust baselines for implementing the mitigation hierarchy, future biomonitoring and conservation management.
Continuing the quality improvement of an electronic personal health record and interactive website for people with diabetes in Scotland (My Diabetes My Way)
Authors: Shields Cathy , Conway Nicholas T. , Allardice Brian , Wake Deborah J. , Cunningham Scott G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimseHealth applications have the potential to enable patients to take more control over managing their own health, helping to delay and prevent complications. My Diabetes My Way (MDMW) is an electronic personal health record/educational platform available to people with diabetes in Scotland. This study aims to assess user experience with respect to demographic subgroups, examine effectiveness of previous improvements made to the platform and inform its ongoing development.MethodsAll active MDMW users (22,665) were invited to take part in a questionnaire combining Likert scale and free‐response items relating to system utility. Likert responses were used to generate a ‘utility score’. This was used in regression analyses to determine predictors of system utility scoring. Free‐response answers were analysed thematically and themes were generated.ResultsA total of 4713 (21%) MDMW users responded to the questionnaire. Most agreed that MDMW helps them to track changes over time, prepare for face‐to‐face consultations, remember information discussed in consultations and reduced the need to contact their general practitioner. Free‐response answers showed that users valued earlier enhancements made to the site (e.g. linking Fitbit data), and highlighted areas needing further improvement. Evidence of the ‘digital divide’ was seen in respondent demographics, and some users mentioned ‘lack of digital skills' as a barrier to engaging with the platform.ConclusionsUser experience of MDMW was positive. Users agreed with statements that MDMW facilitates diabetes self management. Several areas of potential improvement were identified, including linking more wearable device data, and assisting/directing users to gain the digital skills required to engage fully with MDMW.
What Is Pedagogy? Discovering the Hidden Pedagogical Dimension
Authors: Friesen Norm , Su Hanno 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhat is pedagogy, exactly? Merriam‐Webster defines it simply as “the art, science, or profession of teaching.” In contemporary academic discourse, however, pedagogy is generally left undefined — with its apparent implicit meanings ranging anywhere from a specific “model for teaching” (e.g., behaviorist or progressivist instruction) to a broadly political philosophy of education in general (most famously, a “pedagogy of the oppressed”). In this paper, Norm Friesen and Hanno Su follow the Continental pedagogical tradition in giving pedagogy a general but explicit definition. They do so by looking at how pedagogy arises both in everyday life and in school as unavoidably ethical activity undertaken primarily for the sake of the young person or child. Such activities, the authors maintain, are structured not so much by processes, methods, and outcomes, but by irresolvable oppositions and the tensions between them. They illustrate this inductively through a series of images and examples — moving gradually from ones involving parenting and early childhood to ones from elementary and secondary schooling. In this way, Friesen and Su show that pedagogy is not so much one or more ideologically focused or evidence‐based instructional or psychological approaches to be mastered by a professional or teaching specialist. It is instead an independent but ethically informed practical perspective — one that can (and has) been extended to form a distinctively pedagogical theory and discipline. As such, it is something that is not only a part of our everyday life and culture, but arguably of all human cultures.
Behavioural differences underlie toxicity and predation variation in blooms of Prymnesium parvum
Authors: Driscoll William W. , Wisecaver Jennifer H. , Hackett Jeremiah D. , Espinosa Noelle J. , Padway Jared , Engers Jessica E. , Bower Jessica A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMuch of the evolutionary ecology of toxic algal blooms (TABs) remains unclear, including the role of algal toxins in the adaptive ‘strategies’ of TAB‐forming species. Most eukaryotic TABs are caused by mixotrophs that augment autotrophy with organic nutrient sources, including competing algae (intraguild predation). We leverage the standing diversity of TABs formed by the toxic, invasive mixotroph Prymnesium parvum to identify cell‐level behaviours involved in toxin‐assisted predation using direct observations as well as comparisons between genetically distinct low‐ and high‐toxicity isolates. Our results suggest that P. parvum toxins are primarily delivered at close range and promote subsequent prey capture/consumption. Surprisingly, we find opposite chemotactic preferences for organic (prey‐derived) and inorganic nutrients between differentially toxic isolates, respectively, suggesting behavioural integration of toxicity and phagotrophy. Variation in toxicity may, therefore, reflect broader phenotypic integration of key traits that ultimately contribute to the remarkable flexibility, diversity, and success of invasive populations.
Soil biota diversity and plant diversity both contributed to ecosystem stability in grasslands
Authors: Wu Liji , Chen Huasong , Chen Dima , Wang Shaopeng , Wu Ying , Wang Bing , Liu Shengen , Yue Linyan , Yu Jie , Bai Yongfei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of diversity on ecosystem stability in the context of global change has become an important goal of recent ecological research. However, the effects of diversity at multiple scales and trophic levels on ecosystem stability across environmental gradients remain unclear. Here, we conducted a field survey of α‐, β‐, and γ‐diversity of plants and soil biota (bacteria, fungi, and nematodes) and estimated the temporal ecosystem stability of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in 132 plots on the Mongolian Plateau. After climate and soil environmental variables were controlled for, both the α‐ and β‐diversity of plants and soil biota (mainly via nematodes) together with precipitation explained most variation in ecosystem stability. These findings evidence that the diversity of both soil biota and plants contributes to ecosystem stability. Model predictions of the future effects of global changes on terrestrial ecosystem stability will require field observations of diversity of both plants and soil biota.
Health‐related quality of life in adults with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy treated with modified Atkins diet in a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kverneland Magnhild , Nakken Karl Otto , Hofoss Dag , Skogan Annette Holth , Iversen Per Ole , Selmer Kaja Kristine , Lossius Morten Ingvar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractKetogenic diet, a high‐fat, low‐carbohydrate diet, is an established treatment for patients with severe epilepsy. We have previously reported a moderate reduction in seizure frequency after treatment with a modified Atkins diet. This study aimed to see whether dietary therapy impacts patients' health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). In a randomized controlled design, we compared the change in self‐reported HRQOL among adults with difficult‐to‐treat epilepsy after a 12‐week diet intervention. Thirty‐nine patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (age = 16–65 years) were randomized to eat a modified Atkins diet with maximum 16 g of carbohydrate per day (diet group, n = 19) or to continue eating habitual diet (control group, n = 20). No changes to the other epilepsy treatments were allowed. Patient‐reported HRQOL was assessed with the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory‐89 (QOLIE‐89). The diet group experienced a statistically significant improvement in mean total score of QOLIE‐89 of 10 points compared to controls (p = .002). Moreover, although not statistically significant when using a cutoff of 50% seizure reduction, our data suggest an association between diet‐induced reduction in seizure frequency and improvement in HRQOL. The improvement in HRQOL was not associated with diet‐induced weight reduction.
Scalp ripple rates for rapid epilepsy differentiation and seizure activity assessment: Applicability and influential factors
Authors: Liu Xianyue , Li Yinchao , Li Xiaonan , Chen Shuda , Sui Lisen , Su Zhengwei , Cheng Liming , Zhao Ke , Yang Man , Lai Huanling , Xing Yue , Gui Yue , Wang Jiaoyang , Yang Xiaofeng , Zhou Liemin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aim to determine whether automatically detected ripple rate (ADRR) of 10‐min scalp electroencephalography (EEG) during slow‐wave sleep can be a useful tool for rapid epilepsy differentiation and seizure activity assessment, and we analyze the clinical factors that may affect the scalp ripple rates.MethodsWe retrospectively included 336 patients who underwent long‐term video‐EEG with a sampling rate ≥1000 Hz, and three groups were established based on their final clinical diagnosis (non‐epilepsy; non‐active epilepsy [epilepsy being seizure‐free for at least 1 year]; and active epilepsy [epilepsy with one or more seizures in the past year]). ADRRs between groups were compared and diagnostic thresholds set according to the maximum of Youden index with the receiver‐operating characteristic curve.ResultsThe 336 patients comprised 49 non‐epilepsy and 287 epilepsy patients (95 non‐active epilepsy and 192 active epilepsy). The median ADRR of the epilepsy group was significantly greater than in the non‐epilepsy group, with a diagnostic threshold of 4.25 /min (specificity 89.8%, sensitivity 47.74%, p<.001). Following stratification by age, the area under the curve was greatest in the 0–20 year subgroup, threshold 4.10 /min (specificity 100%, sensitivity 52.47%, p<.001). Regarding distinguishing active epilepsy from non‐active epilepsy patients, the area under the curve was also greatest in patients 0–20 years of age, threshold 13.05/min (specificity 98.36%, sensitivity 35.64%, p<.001). Following stratification by epilepsy type, the diagnostic efficiency was best in children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies/epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs/EEs) (threshold 5.20/min, specificity 100%, sensitivity 100%) and self‐limited focal epilepsies (SeLFEs) (threshold 5.45/min, specificity 80%, sensitivity 100%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the influential factors of ADRRs were age, depth of epileptogenic lesion, and seizure frequency.SignificanceADRR of scalp EEG can be a rapid and specific method to differentiate epilepsy and evaluate seizure activity. This method is especially suitable for young patients.