bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma in vivo differentiation with dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy: A retrospective, multicentre study
Authors: Guida Stefania , Alma Antonio , Fiorito Flavio , Megna Andrea , Chester Johanna , Kaleci Shaniko , Ciardo Silvana , Manfredini Marco , Rongioletti Franco , Perrot Jean L. , Rubegni Pietro , Chello Camilla , Cantisani Carmen , Pellacani Giovanni , Cinotti Elisa , Farnetani Francesca 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionDermoscopic predictors of lentigo maligna (LM) and lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) have been recently reported, but these have not been reported in reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM).Objectives(i) To validate dermoscopic predictors for LM/LMM, (ii) to identify RCM patterns in LM and LMM, and (iii) correlations between dermoscopic and RCM features in LM and LMM.Materials and MethodsA retrospective, multicentre study of consecutive lesions with histologically proven LM or LMM subtypes of the head and face, with complete sets of dermoscopic and RCM images.ResultsA total of 180 lesions were included (n = 40 LMM). Previously reported differential dermoscopic features for LM subtypes were confirmed. Other features significantly associated with LMM diagnosis included irregular hyperpigmented areas, shiny white streaks, atypical vessels and light brown colour at dermoscopy and medusa head‐like structures, dermal nests and nucleated cells within the papillae at RCM (p < 0.05). Correlations among LM lesions between dermoscopic and RCM features included brown to‐grey dots and atypical cells (epidermis), grey colour and inflammation and obliterated follicles and medusa head‐like structures. Among LMM lesions, significant correlations included obliterated follicles with folliculotropism, both irregular hyperpigmented areas and irregular blotches with widespread atypical cell distribution (epidermis), dermal nests and nucleated cells within the papillae (dermis). Irregular blotches were also associated with medusa head‐like structures (dermal epidermal junction [DEJ]).ConclusionsDermoscopic and RCM features can assist in the in vivo identification of LM and LMM and many are correlated. RCM three‐dimensional analysis of skin layers allows the identification of invasive components in the DEJ and dermis.
Cortical bone distribution of the proximal phalanges in great apes: implications for reconstructing manual behaviours
Authors: Syeda Samar M. , Tsegai Zewdi J. , Cazenave Marine , Skinner Matthew M. , Kivell Tracy L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrimate fingers are typically in direct contact with the environment during both locomotion and manipulation, and aspects of external phalangeal morphology are known to reflect differences in hand use. Since bone is a living tissue that can adapt in response to loading through life, the internal bone architecture of the manual phalanges should also reflect differences in manual behaviours. Here, we use the R package Morphomap to analyse high‐resolution microCT scans of hominid proximal phalanges of digits 2–5 to determine whether cortical bone structure reflects variation in manual behaviours between bipedal (Homo), knuckle‐walking (Gorilla, Pan) and suspensory (Pongo) taxa. We test the hypothesis that relative cortical bone distribution patterns and cross‐sectional geometric properties will differ both among extant great apes and across the four digits due to locomotor and postural differences. Results indicate that cortical bone structure reflects the varied hand postures employed by each taxon. The phalangeal cortices of Pongo are significantly thinner and have weaker cross‐sectional properties relative to the African apes, yet thick cortical bone under their flexor sheath ridges corresponds with predicted loading during flexed finger grips. Knuckle‐walking African apes have even thicker cortical bone under the flexor sheath ridges, as well as in the region proximal to the trochlea, but Pan also has thicker diaphyseal cortices than Gorilla. Humans display a distinct pattern of distodorsal thickening, as well as relatively thin cortices, which may reflect the lack of phalangeal curvature combined with frequent use of flexed fingered hand grips during manipulation. Within each taxon, digits 2–5 have a similar cortical distribution in Pongo, Gorilla and, unexpectedly, Homo, which suggest similar loading of all fingers during habitual locomotion or hand use. In Pan, however, cortical thickness differs between the fingers, potentially reflecting differential loading during knuckle‐walking. Inter‐ and intra‐generic variation in phalangeal cortical bone structure reflects differences in manual behaviours, offering a comparative framework for reconstructing hand use in fossil hominins.
Tooth loss impairs cognitive function in SAMP8 mice via the NLRP3/Caspase‐1 pathway
Authors: Sun Xu , Lu Yunping , Pang Qian , Luo Bin , Jiang Qingsong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveLoss of occlusal support due to tooth loss has been indicated as one of the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between tooth loss and cognitive dysfunction and illustrate the role of neuroinflammation in advancing Alzheimer's disease.Materials and MethodsMale 5‐month‐old senescence‐accelerated mouse strain P8 (SAMP8) mice were divided into three groups (n = 7): the C (control), S (sham‐operated), and TL (tooth loss) groups. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to assess spatial memory. Additionally, histopathological and molecular assessments of hippocampal tissues were performed.ResultsThe TL groups exhibited impaired spatial memory in the water maze. Tooth loss induced higher protein expression levels of the neuroinflammation cytokine interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) in the hippocampus than in the S and C groups. Tooth loss activated the NLRP3 inflammasome and increased the expression of Caspase‐1 in the hippocampus.ConclusionsThe findings indicated that tooth loss impairs cognitive function in SAMP8 mice and is closely related to the activation of NLRP3/Caspase‐1 in the hippocampus.
Point of (no) return? Vegetation structure and diversity of restored mangroves in Sulawesi, Indonesia, 14–16 years on
Authors: Djamaluddin Rignolda , Fusi Marco , Djabar Brama , Evans Darren , Holmes Rachael , Huxham Mark , O'Connell Darren P. , Salzmann Ulrich , Singleton Ian , Tjoa Aiyen , Trianto Agus , Diele Karen 
Published: June 2023

Mangrove forests, benefitting millions of people, experience significant degradation. Global recognition of the urgency of halting and reversing this trend have initiated numerous restoration activities. Restoration success is typically evaluated by estimating mangrove survival and area restored, while diversity and structure of vegetation, as proxies for functional forests, are rarely considered. Here we assess mangrove species richness along sea‐landward transects and evaluate restoration outcomes by comparing number of mangrove species, relative species abundance, biomass, diameter, and canopy cover in “Monoculture Reforestation”, “Mixed Species Regeneration” and adjacent “Reference” forest stands, 14 (Tiwoho site) and 16 years (Likupang site) after restoration activities took place. In the “Monoculture Reforestation” plots, mangrove diversity and structure still closely reflected the original restoration actions, with only one and two “new” species having established among the originally densely planted “foundation” species. In contrast, the “Mixed Species Regeneration” plots were more similar to the “Reference” plots in terms of tree diameter and canopy coverage, but species number, abundance and biomass were still lower. The trajectory of the “Mixed Species Regeneration” plots suggests their similarity with the “Reference” stands will increase over time, whereas such “smooth” transition is unlikely to happen in the planted “Monoculture Reforestation” stands, in the foreseeable future. Implementing frequent small‐scale disturbances in restored forest management would increase stand structure and diversity, accelerating the establishment of a more natural, and likely more functional and resilient forest.
Flood hazard potential evaluation using decision tree state‐of‐the‐art models
Authors: Costache Romulus , Arabameri Alireza , Costache Iulia , Crăciun Anca , Islam Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul , Abba Sani Isah , Sahana Mehebub , Pandey Manish , Tin Tran Trung , Pham Binh Thai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFloods occur frequently in Romania and throughout the world and are one of the most devastating natural disasters that impact people's lives. Therefore, in order to reduce the potential damages, an accurate identification of surfaces susceptible to flood phenomena is mandatory. In this regard, the quantitative calculation of flood susceptibility has become a very popular practice in the scientific research. With the development of modern computerized methods such as geographic information system and machine learning models, and as a result of the possibility of combining them, the determination of areas susceptible to floods has become increasingly accurate, and the algorithms used are increasingly varied. Some of the most used and highly accurate machine learning algorithms are the decision tree models. Therefore, in the present study focusing on flood susceptibility zonation mapping in the Trotus River basin, the following algorithms were applied: forest by penalizing attribute—weights of evidence (forest‐PA‐WOE), best first decision tree—WOE, alternating decision tree—WOE, and logistic regression—WOE. The best performant, characterized by a maximum accuracy of 0.981, proved to be forest‐PA‐WOE, whereas in terms of flood exposure, an area of over 16.22% of the Trotus basin is exposed to high and very high floods susceptibility. The performances applied models in the present work are higher than the models applied in the previous studies in the same study area. Moreover, it should be noted that the accuracy of the models is similar with the accuracies of the decision tree models achieved in the studies focused on other areas across the world. Therefore, we can state that the models applied in the present research can be successfully used in by the researchers in other case studies. The findings of this research may substantially map the flood risk areas and further aid watershed managers in limiting and remediating flood damage in the data‐scarce regions. Moreover, the results of this study can be a very useful for the hazard management and planning authorities.
The impact of nutritional immunity on Group B streptococcal pathogenesis during wound infection
Authors: Akbari Madeline S. , Keogh Rebecca A. , Radin Jana N. , Sanchez-Rosario Yamil , Johnson Michael D. L. , Horswill Alexander R. , Kehl-Fie Thomas E. , Burcham Lindsey R. , Doran Kelly S. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Group B
Streptococcus
(GBS) is a Gram-positive pathobiont that can cause adverse health outcomes in neonates and vulnerable adult populations. GBS is one of the most frequently isolated bacteria from diabetic (Db) wound infections but is rarely found in the non-diabetic (nDb) wound environment. Previously, RNA sequencing of wound tissue from Db wound infections in

lepr
d

b
diabetic mice showed increased expression of neutrophil factors, and genes involved in GBS metal transport such as the zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and putative nickel (Ni) import systems. Here, we develop a Streptozotocin-induced diabetic wound model to evaluate the pathogenesis of two invasive strains of GBS, serotypes Ia and V. We observe an increase in metal chelators such as calprotectin (CP) and lipocalin-2 during diabetic wound infections compared to nDb. We find that CP limits GBS survival in wounds of non-diabetic mice but does not impact survival in diabetic wounds. Additionally, we utilize GBS metal transporter mutants and determine that the Zn, Mn, and putative Ni transporters in GBS are dispensable in diabetic wound infection but contributed to bacterial persistence in non-diabetic animals. Collectively, these data suggest that in non-diabetic mice, functional nutritional immunity mediated by CP is effective at mitigating GBS infection, whereas in diabetic mice, the presence of CP is not sufficient to control GBS wound persistence.

IMPORTANCE

Diabetic wound infections are difficult to treat and often become chronic due to an impaired immune response as well as the presence of bacterial species that establish persistent infections. Group B
Streptococcus
(GBS) is one of the most frequently isolated bacterial species in diabetic wound infections and, as a result, is one of the leading causes of death from skin and subcutaneous infection. However, GBS is notoriously absent in non-diabetic wounds, and little is known about why this species thrives in diabetic infection. The work herein investigates how alterations in diabetic host immunity may contribute to GBS success during diabetic wound infection.
Pre-colonization with the fungus
Candida glabrata
exacerbates infection by the bacterial pathogen
Clostridioides difficile
in a murine model
Authors: Romo Jesús A. , Tomihiro Makenzie , Kumamoto Carol A. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

The contributions of commensal fungi to human health and disease are not well understood.
Candida
species such as
C. albicans
and
C. glabrata
are opportunistic pathogenic fungi and common colonizers of the human intestinal tract. They have been shown to affect the host immune system and interact with the gut microbiome and pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore,
Candida
species could be expected to play important ecological roles in the host gastrointestinal tract. Previously, our group demonstrated that pre-colonization of mice with
C. albicans
protected them against lethal
C. difficile
infection (CDI). Here, we show that mice pre-colonized with
C. glabrata
succumbed to CDI more rapidly than mice that were not pre-colonized suggesting an enhancement in
C. difficile
pathogenesis. Further, when
C. difficile
was added to pre-formed
C. glabrata
biofilms, an increase in matrix and overall biomass was observed. These effects were also shown with
C. glabrata
clinical isolates. Interestingly, the presence of
C. difficile
increased
C. glabrata
biofilm susceptibility to caspofungin, indicating potential effects on the fungal cell wall. Defining this intricate and intimate relationship will lead to an understanding of the role of
Candida
species in the context of CDI and novel aspects of
Candida
biology.

IMPORTANCE

Most microbiome studies have only considered the bacterial populations while ignoring other members of the microbiome such as fungi, other eukaryotic microorganisms, and viruses. Therefore, the role of fungi in human health and disease has been significantly understudied compared to their bacterial counterparts. This has generated a significant gap in knowledge that has negatively impacted disease diagnosis, understanding, and the development of therapeutics. With the development of novel technologies, we now have an understanding of mycobiome composition, but we do not understand the roles of fungi in the host. Here, we present findings showing that
Candida glabrata
, an opportunistic pathogenic yeast that colonizes the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, can impact the severity and outcome of a
Clostridioides difficile
infection (CDI) in a murine model. These findings bring attention to fungal colonizers during CDI, a bacterial infection of the gastrointestinal tract.
CLDN18.2 and 4-1BB bispecific antibody givastomig exerts antitumor activity through CLDN18.2-expressing tumor-directed T-cell activation
Authors: Gao Jing , Wang Zhengyi , Jiang Wenqing , Zhang Yanni , Meng Zhen , Niu Yanling , Sheng Zhen , Chen Chan , Liu Xuejun , Chen Xi , Liu Chanjuan , Jia Keren , Zhang Cheng , Liao Haiyan , Jung Jaeho , Sung Eunsil , Chung Hyejin , Zhang Jingwu Z. , Zhu Andrew X. , Shen Lin 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundClaudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) is a tight junction protein that has been identified as a clinically proven target in gastric cancer. Stimulation of 4-1BB with agonistic antibodies is also a promising strategy for immunotherapy and 4-1BB+T cells were reported to be present within the tumor microenvironment of patients with gastric cancer. However, hepatotoxicity-mediated by 4-1BB activation was observed in clinical trials of agonistic anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibodies.MethodsTo specifically activate the 4-1BB+T cells in tumor and avoid the on-target liver toxicity, we developed a novel CLDN18.2×4-1BB bispecific antibody (termed ‘givastomig’ or ‘ABL111’; also known as TJ-CD4B or TJ033721) that was designed to activate 4-1BB signaling in a CLDN18.2 engagement-dependent manner.Results4-1BB+T cells were observed to be coexisted with CLDN18.2+tumor cells in proximity by multiplex immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissues from patients with gastric cancer (n=60). Givastomig/ABL111 could bind to cell lines expressing various levels of CLDN18.2 with a high affinity and induce 4-1BB activation in vitro only in the context of CLDN18.2 binding. The magnitude of T-cell activation by givastomig/ABL111 treatment was closely correlated with the CLDN18.2 expression level of tumor cells from gastric cancer patient-derived xenograft model. Mechanistically, givastomig/ABL111 treatment could upregulate the expression of a panel of pro-inflammatory and interferon-γ-responsive genes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells when co-cultured with CLDN18.2+tumor cells. Furthermore, in humanized 4-1BB transgenic mice inoculated with human CLDN18.2-expressing tumor cells, givastomig/ABL111 induced a localized immune activation in tumor as evident by the increased ratio of CD8+/regulatory T cell, leading to the superior antitumor activity and long-lasting memory response against tumor rechallenge. Givastomig/ABL111 was well tolerated, with no systemic immune response and hepatotoxicity in monkeys.ConclusionsGivastomig/ABL111 is a novel CLDN18.2×4-1BB bispecific antibody which has the potential to treat patients with gastric cancer with a wide range of CLDN18.2 expression level through the restricted activation of 4-1BB+T cells in tumor microenvironment to avoid the risk of liver toxicity and systemic immune response.
Community-based physical activity promotion confers broad-spectrum benefits for military veterans with chronic and complex conditions: evidence from 4 years of rehabilitation consultant referrals
Authors: Clanchy Kelly , Hill J , Fenning M , Tweedy S 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionVeterans experience a high incidence of chronic and complex health conditions requiring a holistic approach to health and well-being. The Adapted Physical Activity Program (APAP) is a theory-based programme developed to support the physical activity (PA) participation of community-dwelling people with disabilities. Although available to all people with disabilities, of the 214 clients referred between 2015 and 2019, two hundred and three were veterans. This study aimed to understand this unexpected predominance by describing the characteristics of the veterans referred to APAP, including client goals, as well as describing the characteristics of the rehabilitation consultants who made the referrals.MethodsDescriptive statistics were used to describe specific characteristics of the veterans and the rehabilitation consultants. Content analysis was used to analyse client goals.ResultsClient data highlighted the complexity of this clinical population. All clients had been diagnosed with more than one health condition, with most experiencing both a physical injury and a mental health diagnosis. Content analysis revealed six overarching client goals, including supporting sustainable PA participation, mental health and well-being, participation in meaningful activities, community and social engagement, management of condition and physical health and fitness. Data from the referring organisations showed that each organisation had multiple health professionals that made repeated referrals to APAP. The most common health profession to make a referral to APAP was occupational therapy.ConclusionVeterans have a high incidence of chronic and complex health conditions including physical injury and mental illness. Programmes and services that look beyond addressing the diagnosis and treatment of specific conditions to supporting the overall health and well-being of the individual are required. Person-centred, community-based PA programmes such as APAP might offer this solution. Further research is required to assess the efficacy of such programmes with this population.
Rayed Thistle Fly Tephritis cometa Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae) a new record to India
Authors: Bhat Rayees Ahmad , Ahmad Tariq , Hussain Barkat 
Published: June 2023

Tephritis cometa Loew, 1840, known to infest field thistle or Canada thistle or creeping thistle Cirsium arvense, a medicinal plant used as a tonic and to treat disease such as diarrhea and tuberculosis; it is diuretic. Cirsium arvense is a perennial flowering plant belonging to the family Asteraceae and is native to Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia. We report the first record of Tephritis cometa Loew, 1840 in southern Asia from Kashmir, India. The identified specimen of Tephritis cometa, commonly known as Rayed Thistle Fly was found on Cirsium arvense, a grass (Asteraceae) at the site, SKU2 in district Kulgam. However, the actual host plant is unknown. This paper includes morphological studies, key identification, diagnosis, and its distribution.
Polarimetric Radar Observations of a Long-Lived Supercell and Associated Tornadoes on 10–11 December 2021
Authors: Van Den Broeke Matthew S. , Wilson Matthew B. , Van Den Broeke Cynthia A. , Healey Devon J. , Wood Michaela J. , Nelson Raychel E. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We present environmental and polarimetric radar observations of a long-lived December supercell that tracked approximately 750 km from Arkansas to northern Kentucky. The storm was associated with two long-track EF4 tornadoes, one of which was among the longest-tracked tornadoes recorded in the United States. The supercell’s life cycle is documented from 2000 UTC 10 to 0700 UTC 11 December 2021, using data from five operational polarimetric weather radars. After convection initiation in central Arkansas, it took nearly 4 h for a supercell to develop. Afterward, the storm’s ZDR column and arc became anomalously large leading up to genesis of the first EF4 tornado. During this time, the storm’s environment had moderate convective available potential energy (CAPE) and strong deep-layer shear. A cell interaction at about 0200 UTC disrupted the supercell updraft, weakening the ZDR arc and column, and initiating the largest radar-implied hailfall event observed with this storm. The remnant circulation associated with the first EF4 tornado did not fully dissipate, and it appeared to merge with the low-level mesocyclone on the nose of a rear-flank downdraft surge likely initiated by the hailfall. It is hypothesized that this merger was important to the intensification of the storm’s second EF4 tornado, which lasted nearly 3 h and traveled approximately 267 km. During the second EF4 tornado the storm experienced decreasing CAPE and increasing storm relative helicity. Increasing interactions with other cells eventually weakened the storm, and its original updraft was obscured before the storm’s remnants dissipated in northern Kentucky.

Significance Statement
In December 2021, a long-lived supercell thunderstorm produced two long-track, violent tornadoes, including one that produced historic damage across western Kentucky. Radar observations indicate that, once the storm became a supercell, its updraft became anomalously large relative to similar storms studied prior. Simultaneously its storm-relative inflow strengthened markedly, supporting the first long-lived tornado. Interactions with a developing thunderstorm disrupted the supercell’s updraft, leading to hail fallout and updraft weakening. The remnant circulation associated with the first strong tornado merged with the supercell’s updraft and became a rotation source for the second long-track tornado, which persisted for nearly 3 h. Eventually interactions with other thunderstorms weakened the supercell.