bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclear weapons, existentialism, and International Relations: Anders, Ballard, and the human condition in the age of extinction
Authors: van Munster Rens 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIR scholars increasingly turn to the writings of Existentialists to make sense of the multiple and entangled planetary crises that characterise the twenty-first century. In this article, I argue that two postwar intellectuals, Günther Anders (1902–1992) and J. G. Ballard (1930–2009), offer a rich intellectual ancestry and inspiration to such scholarship. Both authors critically and creatively reworked central Existentialist ideas in the context of postwar technological acceleration and the development of nuclear weapons. To Anders and Ballard, nuclear weapons symbolised, and were the most extreme manifestation of, the pathologies they associated with technological modernity: mass consumption, spectacular violence, a deadening of affect, and an increased inability of humans to psychologically process and grasp the destructive capacities of science and technology. To counter these trends, they both firmly relied on Surrealism to bolster the human imagination as a catalysator for personal and social transformation. I argue that their work offers an opportunity to reconnect the study of nuclear weapons in IR to broader existentialist questions and suggest that their respective attempts to foreground human being in the nuclear age as ‘being-towards-extinction’ holds important lessons for recent attempts to recentre the study of IR around planetary imaginaries of extinction.
A phase-locked loop with a jitter of 50 fs for astronomy applications
Authors: Braun Tobias T. , van Delden Marcel , Bredendiek Christian , Schoepfel Jan , Hauptmeier Stephan , Shillue William , Musch Thomas , Pohl Nils 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRadio telescopes are among the applications with the highest demands on a local oscillator (LO), which is used to receive and process the signals coming from the sky. Therefore the modules providing the required LO signal have traditionally been big and complicated. To overcome this disadvantage, we implement our own integrated frequency synthesizer inside a small LO module in this article. With this synthesizer we are able to achieve a jitter of only 50 fs integrated from 10 Hz to 2.5 GHz offset at a carrier frequency of 75 GHz. This is in part achieved by a very low in-band phase noise of −111.8 dBc at 10 kHz offset. The stabilizable frequency range is 62–88 GHz. Thus achieving promising results to fulfill this very demanding task with integrated frequency synthesizers in the future.
Generation of Field‐Aligned Currents During Substorm Expansion: An Update
Authors: Ebihara Yusuke , Tanaka Takashi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe investigated generation processes of field‐aligned currents (FACs) that are abruptly intensified at the beginning of the substorm expansion phase by tracing a packet of the Alfvén wave backward in time from the onset position in the ionosphere in the global magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulation. The generation region is found in the near‐Earth plasma sheet, in which (a) azimuthally moving plasma pulls the magnetic field line, and performs negative work against the magnetic tension force to excite the Alfvén waves, (b) FACs are generated from the requirement of Ampère and Faraday laws, and (c) field‐perpendicular current is converted to FACs. We call this near‐Earth FAC dynamo. The plasma involved originates in the tail lobe region. When near‐Earth reconnection occurs in the plasma sheet, the plasma is accelerated earthward by the Lorentz force, and decelerated by the plasma pressure gradient force, followed by the Lorentz force. The flow is deflected to the west and east directions by the plasma pressure gradient force and the Lorentz force, resulting in the excitation of Alfvén waves and FACs. The Alfvén waves propagate along the magnetic field in the rest frame of the moving plasma. When it arrives at the ionosphere, the auroral electrojet starts developing and the substorm expansion phase begins. The near‐Earth FAC dynamo can be distinguished from the near‐Earth dynamo (J · E < 0, where J is the current density and E is the electric field). We suggest that the evolution of the substorm can be understood in terms of the development of FACs.
Management of children and adolescents with chronic myeloid leukemia in blast phase: International pediatric CML expert panel recommendations
Authors: Sembill Stephanie , Ampatzidou Maria , Chaudhury Sonali , Dworzak Michael , Kalwak Krzysztof , Karow Axel , Kiani Alexander , Krumbholz Manuela , Luesink Maaike , Naumann-Bartsch Nora , De Moerloose Barbara , Osborn Michael , Schultz Kirk R. , Sedlacek Petr , Giona Fiorina , Zwaan Christian Michel , Shimada Hiroyuki , Versluijs Birgitta , Millot Frederic , Hijiya Nobuko , Suttorp Meinolf , Metzler Markus 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTreatment of chronic myeloid leukemia has improved significantly with the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and treatment guidelines based on numerous clinical trials are available for chronic phase disease. However for CML in the blast phase (CML-BP), prognosis remains poor and treatment options are much more limited. The spectrum of treatment strategies for children and adolescents with CML-BP has largely evolved empirically and includes treatment principles derived from adult CML-BP and pediatric acute leukemia. Given this heterogeneity of treatment approaches, we formed an international panel of pediatric CML experts to develop recommendations for consistent therapy in children and adolescents with this high-risk disease based on the current literature and national standards. Recommendations include detailed information on initial diagnosis and treatment monitoring, differentiation from Philadelphia-positive acute leukemia, subtype-specific selection of induction therapy, and combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Given that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation currently remains the primary curative intervention for CML-BP, we also provide recommendations for the timing of transplantation, donor and graft selection, selection of a conditioning regimen and prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease, post-transplant TKI therapy, and management of molecular relapse. Management according to the treatment recommendations presented here is intended to provide the basis for the design of future prospective clinical trials to improve outcomes for this challenging disease.
Mycelial nutrient transfer promotes bacterial co-metabolic organochlorine pesticide degradation in nutrient-deprived environments
Authors: Khan Nelson , Muge Edward , Mulaa Francis J , Wamalwa Benson , von Bergen Martin , Jehmlich Nico , Wick Lukas Y 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Biotransformation of soil organochlorine pesticides (OCP) is often impeded by a lack of nutrients relevant for bacterial growth and/or co-metabolic OCP biotransformation. By providing space-filling mycelia, fungi promote contaminant biodegradation by facilitating bacterial dispersal and the mobilization and release of nutrients in the mycosphere. We here tested whether mycelial nutrient transfer from nutrient-rich to nutrient-deprived areas facilitates bacterial OCP degradation in a nutrient-deficient habitat. The legacy pesticide hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), a non-HCH-degrading fungus (Fusarium equiseti K3), and a co-metabolically HCH-degrading bacterium (Sphingobium sp. S8) isolated from the same HCH-contaminated soil were used in spatially structured model ecosystems. Using 13C-labeled fungal biomass and protein-based stable isotope probing (protein-SIP), we traced the incorporation of 13C fungal metabolites into bacterial proteins while simultaneously determining the biotransformation of the HCH isomers. The relative isotope abundance (RIA, 7.1–14.2%), labeling ratio (LR, 0.13–0.35), and the shape of isotopic mass distribution profiles of bacterial peptides indicated the transfer of 13C-labeled fungal metabolites into bacterial proteins. Distinct 13C incorporation into the haloalkane dehalogenase (linB) and 2,5-dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diol dehydrogenase (LinC), as key enzymes in metabolic HCH degradation, underpin the role of mycelial nutrient transport and fungal-bacterial interactions for co-metabolic bacterial HCH degradation in heterogeneous habitats. Nutrient uptake from mycelia increased HCH removal by twofold as compared to bacterial monocultures. Fungal-bacterial interactions hence may play an important role in the co-metabolic biotransformation of OCP or recalcitrant micropollutants (MPs).
Interface engineering for substantial performance enhancement in epitaxial all-perovskite oxide capacitors
Authors: Bang Jeongil , Lee Jaeho , Do Eun Cheol , Kim Hyungjun , Na Byunghoon , Kim Haeryong , Park Bo-Eun , Lee Jooho , Kim Che-Heung , Jang Ho Won , Kim Yongsung 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCapacitors based on ABO3-type perovskite oxides show considerable promise for overcoming the limitations of nanoscale integration with dynamic random access memory (DRAM) devices. Among the thermodynamically stable perovskite oxides, titanates (ATiO3) exhibit high dielectric permittivity in metal–insulator–metal (MIM) configurations. However, their performance in mitigating the large leakage current caused by their narrow bandgap (3 eV) remain under scrutiny. Herein, substantially enhanced dielectric properties of an epitaxial SrRuO3/Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3/SrRuO3 MIM capacitor with a thin dielectric layer (10 nm) are reported. The dielectric/electrode heterointerface was engineered to realize a capacitor with a low leakage current and high dielectric permittivity. A pit-free and stoichiometric SrRuO3 bottom electrode with an atomically smooth surface was exploited to suppress defect formation at the heterointerface. The critical roles of oxygen vacancies and substituted transition-metal atoms in determining the leakage current were assessed, and a strategy for reducing the leakage current via interface engineering was established. Consequently, a dielectric permittivity of 861 and a leakage current density of 5.15 × 10−6 A/cm2 at 1 V were obtained with the thinnest dielectric layer ever reported. Our work paves the way for the development of perovskite-oxide-based capacitors in next-generation DRAM memories.
Diffuse auroral precipitation driven by lower-band chorus second harmonics
Authors: Yu Xiongdong , Yuan Zhigang , Yu Jiang , Wang Dedong , Deng Dan , Funsten H. O. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDiffuse aurora at the Earth’s high latitude regions is mainly caused by the low-energy (0.1–30 keV) electron precipitation which carries the major energy flux into the nightside upper atmosphere. Previous studies have demonstrated that combined scattering by the upper- and lower- band chorus waves acts as the dominant cause of diffuse auroral precipitation, but that is not necessarily the case as these two types of waves do not always occur simultaneously, with the lower-band more often. Here we report that the lower-band chorus satisfying the preferred condition can generate their second harmonics so as to trigger the diffuse auroral electron precipitation. We find that the lower-band chorus alone can only cause the precipitation of electrons greater than 4 keV, while the self-consistently generated second harmonic is weak but still able to result in the electron precipitation below 4 keV. The combined effect of those modes results in the observed pancake electron distributions and the diffuse aurora. Our results clearly demonstrate an alternative but universal mechanism of chorus-driven diffuse aurora in the Earth, which may also apply to the auroral formation in other planetary magnetospheres.
Towards sustainable human space exploration—priorities for radiation research to quantify and mitigate radiation risks
Authors: Fogtman Anna , Baatout Sarah , Baselet Bjorn , Berger Thomas , Hellweg Christine E. , Jiggens Piers , La Tessa Chiara , Narici Livio , Nieminen Petteri , Sabatier Laure , Santin Giovanni , Schneider Uwe , Straube Ulrich , Tabury Kevin , Tinganelli Walter , Walsh Linda , Durante Marco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHuman spaceflight is entering a new era of sustainable human space exploration. By 2030 humans will regularly fly to the Moon’s orbit, return to the Moon’s surface and preparations for crewed Mars missions will intensify. In planning these undertakings, several challenges will need to be addressed in order to ensure the safety of astronauts during their space travels. One of the important challenges to overcome, that could be a major showstopper of the space endeavor, is the exposure to the space radiation environment. There is an urgent need for quantifying, managing and limiting the detrimental health risks and electronics damage induced by space radiation exposure. Such risks raise key priority topics for space research programs. Risk limitation involves obtaining a better understanding of space weather phenomena and the complex radiation environment in spaceflight, as well as developing and applying accurate dosimetric instruments, understanding related short- and long-term health risks, and strategies for effective countermeasures to minimize both exposure to space radiation and the remaining effects post exposure. The ESA/SciSpacE Space Radiation White Paper identifies those topics and underlines priorities for future research and development, to enable safe human and robotic exploration of space beyond Low Earth Orbit.
A nationwide cohort study on diabetes severity and risk of Parkinson disease
Authors: Han Kyungdo , Kim Bongsung , Lee Seung Hwan , Kim Mee Kyoung 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThere is growing evidence that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) have an increased risk of developing Parkinson’s disease (PD) and share similar dysregulated pathways. We aimed to determine whether the risk of PD increases as diabetes progresses among patients with type 2 DM. Using a nationally representative database from the Korean National Health Insurance System, 2,362,072 individuals (≥40 years of age) with type 2 DM who underwent regular health checkups during 2009–2012 were followed up until the end of 2018. The diabetes severity score parameters included the number of oral hypoglycemic agents, diabetes duration, insulin use, or presence of chronic kidney disease, diabetic retinopathy, or cardiovascular disease. Each of these characteristics was scored as one unit of diabetes severity and their sum was defined as a diabetes severity score from 0–6. We identified 17,046 incident PD cases during the follow-up. Each component of the diabetes severity score showed a similar intensity for the risk of PD. Compared with subjects with no parameters, HR values (95% confidence intervals) of PD were 1.09 (1.04–1.15) in subjects with one diabetes severity score parameter, 1.28 (1.22–1.35) in subjects with two parameters, 1.55 (1.46–1.65) in subjects with three parameters, 1.96 (1.82–2.11) in subjects with four parameters, 2.08 (1.83–2.36) in subjects with five parameters, and 2.78 (2.05–3.79) in subjects with six parameters. Diabetes severity was associated with an increased risk of developing PD. Severe diabetes may be a risk factor for the development of PD.
Relapse prediction in schizophrenia with smartphone digital phenotyping during COVID-19: a prospective, three-site, two-country, longitudinal study
Authors: Cohen Asher , Naslund John A. , Chang Sarah , Nagendra Srilakshmi , Bhan Anant , Rozatkar Abhijit , Thirthalli Jagadisha , Bondre Ameya , Tugnawat Deepak , Reddy Preethi V. , Dutt Siddharth , Choudhary Soumya , Chand Prabhat Kumar , Patel Vikram , Keshavan Matcheri , Joshi Devayani , Mehta Urvakhsh Meherwan , Torous John 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSmartphone technology provides us with a more convenient and less intrusive method of detecting changes in behavior and symptoms that typically precede schizophrenia relapse. To take advantage of the aforementioned, this study examines the feasibility of predicting schizophrenia relapse by identifying statistically significant anomalies in patient data gathered through mindLAMP, an open-source smartphone app. Participants, recruited in Boston, MA in the United States, and Bangalore and Bhopal in India, were invited to use mindLAMP for up to a year. The passive data (geolocation, accelerometer, and screen state), active data (surveys), and data quality metrics collected by the app were then retroactively fed into a relapse prediction model that utilizes anomaly detection. Overall, anomalies were 2.12 times more frequent in the month preceding a relapse and 2.78 times more frequent in the month preceding and following a relapse compared to intervals without relapses. The anomaly detection model incorporating passive data proved a better predictor of relapse than a naive model utilizing only survey data. These results demonstrate that relapse prediction models utilizing patient data gathered by a smartphone app can warn the clinician and patient of a potential schizophrenia relapse.
Central venous pressure estimation with force-coupled ultrasound of the internal jugular vein
Authors: Jaffe Alex , Goryachev Ivan , Sodini Charles , Anthony Brian W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe estimate central venous pressure (CVP) with force-coupled ultrasound imaging of the internal jugular vein (IJV). We acquire ultrasound images while measuring force applied over the IJV by the ultrasound probe imaging surface. We record collapse force, the force required to completely occlude the vein, in 27 healthy subjects. We find supine collapse force and jugular venous pulsation height (JVP), the clinical noninvasive standard, have a linear correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.89 and an average absolute difference of 0.23 mmHg when estimating CVP. We perturb our estimate negatively by tilting 16 degrees above supine and observe decreases in collapse force for every subject which are predictable from our CVP estimates. We perturb venous pressure positively to values experienced in decompensated heart failure by having subjects perform the Valsalva maneuver while the IJV is being collapsed and observe an increase in collapse force for every subject. Finally, we derive a CVP waveform with an inverse three-dimensional finite element optimization that uses supine collapse force and segmented force-coupled ultrasound data at approximately constant force.
Development of the high angular resolution 360° LiDAR based on scanning MEMS mirror
Authors: Yang Donghai , Liu Yifan , Chen Qingjiu , Chen Meng , Zhan Shaodong , Cheung Nim-kwan , Chan Ho-Yin , Wang Zhidong , Li Wen Jung 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLight detection and ranging (LiDAR) using various operational principles has been applied in many fields, e.g., robotics navigation, autonomous vehicles, unmanned aerial flyers, land surveying, etc. The multichannel LiDAR system is of great importance in the field of autonomous driving due to its larger field of view (FoV). However, the number of transceivers limits the vertical angular resolution of multichannel LiDAR systems and makes them costly. On the other hand, the emergence of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mirrors may provide a highly promising solution to a low-cost, high angular resolution LiDAR system. We have demonstrated a MEMS mirror-based 360° LiDAR system with high angular resolution and will present the detailed design process and obtained experimental results in this paper. With the combination of the MEMS mirror and a rotation platform for the LiDAR system, a 360° × 8.6° (horizontal × vertical) FoV was achieved. Compared with existing commercial multichannel 360° LiDAR systems, our system has 13.8 times better angular resolution than the Velodyne HDL-64 LiDAR sensor. The experimental results verified an excellent performance of 0.07° × 0.027° (horizontal × vertical) angular resolution, which enhances the panoramic scanning and imaging capability of the LiDAR system, potentially providing more accurate 3D scanning applications in areas such as autonomous vehicles, indoor surveying, indoor robotics navigation, etc.
Improved selection of zebrafish CRISPR editing by early next-generation sequencing based genotyping
Authors: Sieliwonczyk Ewa , Vandendriessche Bert , Claes Charlotte , Mayeur Evy , Alaerts Maaike , Holmgren Philip , Canter Cremers Tycho , Snyders Dirk , Loeys Bart , Schepers Dorien 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite numerous prior attempts to improve knock-in (KI) efficiency, the introduction of precise base pair substitutions by the CRISPR-Cas9 technique in zebrafish remains challenging. In our efforts to generate KI zebrafish models of human CACNA1C mutations, we have tested the effect of several CRISPR determinants on KI efficiency across two sites in a single gene and developed a novel method for early selection to ameliorate KI efficiency. We identified optimal KI conditions for Cas9 protein and non-target asymmetric PAM-distal single stranded deoxynucleotide repair templates at both cacna1c sites. An effect of distance to the cut site on the KI efficiency was only observed for a single repair template conformation at one of the two sites. By combining minimally invasive early genotyping with the zebrafish embryo genotyper (ZEG) device and next-generation sequencing, we were able to obtain an almost 17-fold increase in somatic editing efficiency. The added benefit of the early selection procedure was particularly evident for alleles with lower somatic editing efficiencies. We further explored the potential of the ZEG selection procedure for the improvement of germline transmission by demonstrating germline transmission events in three groups of pre-selected embryos.
A comparison of mental health of student and not student emerging adults living in Ecuador
Authors: Paz Clara , Evans Chris 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMost of the studies about mental health and quality of life of emerging adults have been conducted in developed countries and non-students’ population has been neglected, limiting the generalisation of the results to other socioeconomic realities. This paper reports the results of an observational study on differences between the two cohorts (students vs non-students) both on mental health and quality of life measures but also on demographic, lifestyle and mental health variables in emerging adults living in a middle-income country. Associations between variables and interactions in the prediction of both outcomes scores were explored to understand how much other variables may contribute to differences between the two groups. We found poorer mental health and worse health-related quality of life in the students than the non-students, although effect sizes were small. Differences between the groups on some sociodemographic predictor variables were statistically significant, showing fairly strong effects, for social status, sleeping hours and parenting, however, none of the predictor variables showed confounding with group effects on both outcomes. Developing countries are growing and work forces are changing, creating a huge global need to understand these changes and the effects on the mental health and quality of life of this evolving population.Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04596345).