bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiome dysbiosis in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jemimah Sherlyn , Chabib Chahd Maher Musthafa , Hadjileontiadis Leontios , AlShehhi Aamna 
Published: May 2023

Background
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes gradual memory loss. AD and its prodromal stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are marked by significant gut microbiome perturbations, also known as gut dysbiosis. However, the direction and extent of gut dysbiosis have not been elucidated. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis and systematic review of 16S gut microbiome studies to gain insights into gut dysbiosis in AD and MCI.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, EBSCO, and Cochrane for AD gut microbiome studies published between Jan 1, 2010 and Mar 31, 2022. This study has two outcomes: primary and secondary. The primary outcomes explored the changes in α-diversity and relative abundance of microbial taxa, which were analyzed using a variance-weighted random-effects model. The secondary outcomes focused on qualitatively summarized β-diversity ordination and linear discriminant analysis effect sizes. The risk of bias was assessed using a methodology appropriate for the included case-control studies. The geographic cohorts’ heterogeneity was examined using subgroup meta-analyses if sufficient studies reported the outcome. The study protocol has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022328141).

Findings
Seventeen studies with 679 AD and MCI patients and 632 controls were identified and analyzed. The cohort is 61.9% female with a mean age of 71.3±6.9 years. The meta-analysis shows an overall decrease in species richness in the AD gut microbiome. However, the phylum Bacteroides is consistently higher in US cohorts (standardised mean difference [SMD] 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37 to 1.13, p < 0.01) and lower in Chinese cohorts (SMD -0.79, 95% CI -1.32 to -0.25, p < 0.01). Moreover, the Phascolarctobacterium genus is shown to increase significantly, but only during the MCI stage.

Discussion
Notwithstanding possible confounding from polypharmacy, our findings show the relevance of diet and lifestyle in AD pathophysiology. Our study presents evidence for region-specific changes in abundance of Bacteroides, a major constituent of the microbiome. Moreover, the increase in Phascolarctobacterium and the decrease in Bacteroides in MCI subjects shows that gut microbiome dysbiosis is initiated in the prodromal stage. Therefore, studies of the gut microbiome can facilitate early diagnosis and intervention in Alzheimer’s disease and perhaps other neurodegenerative disorders.
‘Mummy told me that I have HIV, that is the only thing she told me’: Experiences of HIV status disclosure to children in Masaka Region, Uganda
Authors: Kairania Robert , Onyango-Ouma Washington , Ondicho Tom G. , Kagaayi Joseph , Kigozi Godfrey 
Published: May 2023

Background
In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), disclosure of HIV status to children remains low. Few studies have examined how children navigate and come to terms with their HIV status. The aim of this study was to explore experiences of children about disclosure of their HIV status.

Methods
Between October 2020 and July 2021, 18 purposively selected children aged between 12–17 whose HIV status had been disclosed to them by their caregivers or healthcare providers (HCPs) were recruited for this study. We conducted 18 in-depth interviews (IDIs) to collect data for this study. Data were analyzed using the semantic thematic analysis approach.

Results
Primary data obtained through IDIs revealed that disclosure of HIV status to children occurred as a one-time event without pre—disclosure preparatory planning or focused post disclosure follow-up counseling irrespective of the discloser. Post disclosure psycho-social experiences elicited mixed responses. Some children experienced insults and belittlement and stigma and discrimination in the family and community for out-of-school children and at school for school-going children. Positive disclosure experiences involved receiving support to improve ART adherence through constantly being reminded to take their medications timely at the workplace, by supervisors, for working children and by teachers, at school for school-going children.

Conclusions
This research contributes to knowledge about children’ s experiences of being HIV infected and can specifically be used to improve disclosure strategies.
Oral nifedipine and phytosterol, intravenous nicardipine, and oral nifedipine only: Three-arm, retrospective, cohort study for management of severe preeclampsia
Authors: Ma Shanduo , Zhu Limei , Zhou Tiantian , Qi Ting , Wang Weijun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The treatment of preeclampsia is delivering women and extracting the placenta, but the Chinese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology guidelines do not recommend the delivery of babies without severe features. The objectives of the study were to compare the effectiveness and safety of nifedipine and phytosterol in combination with nicardipine for the management of severe preeclampsia. Women (19–32 years; gestation age ≥ 30 weeks) with the complication of severe preeclampsia have received 10 mg of oral nifedipine (pregnant women received 10 mg of oralnifedipine, n = 112) or 1 mg/h intravenous nicardipine (pregnant women received 1 mg/h intravenous nicardipine (ND cohort), n = 115) or oral 10 mg nifedipine and 500 mg phytosterol (pregnant women received oral 10 mg nifedipine and 500 mg phytosterol (np cohort), n = 111) until 150/100 mmHg blood pressure was achieved. The time required to achieve the desired blood pressure control was 13 minutes shorter in the NP cohort compared to the NF (p < 0.0001, t = 11.605), and 3 minutes shorter compared to the ND (p < 0.0001, t = 2.79) cohorts. Stillbirths were reported in 14 (13%), 28 (24%), and 10 (9%) infants, and 13 (12%), 26 (23%), and 10 (9%) infants died from the NF, ND, and NP cohorts, respectively. The undesirable tocolytic effect was reported in 17 (15%) women of the ND cohort. Phytosterol with nifedipine has a synergistic or additive effect on the management of preeclampsia with fewer adverse outcomes.
Scientometric analysis of flood forecasting for Asia region and discussion on machine learning methods
Authors: Li Peiying , Zhao Yanjie , Sufian Muhammad , Deifalla Ahmed Farouk 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Flood forecast models have become better through research as they led to a lower risk of flooding, policy ideas, less human death, and less destruction of property, so this study uses Scientometric analysis for floods. In this analysis, citation-based data are used to uncover major publishing areas, such as the most prominent keywords, top best commonly used publications, the most highly cited journal articles, countries, and authors that have achieved consequent distinction in flood analysis. Machine learning (ML) techniques have played a significant role in the development of prediction systems, which have improved results and more cost-effective strategies. This study intends to give a review of ML methods such as decision trees, artificial neural networks, and wavelet neural networks, as well as a comparison of their precision, speed, and effectiveness. Severe flooding has been recognized as a significant source of massive deaths and property destruction in several nations, including India, China, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. This study presents far more effective flood forecast approaches. This analysis is being used as a guide for experts and climate researchers when deciding which ML algorithm to utilize for a particular forecasting assignment.
Socio-economic Circumstances at Birth and Early Motherhood: The Case of the “Daughters of the Wall”
Authors: Kleinjans Kristin J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 resulted in a severe economic downturn and a stark temporary decline in fertility in East Germany. But did it also affect the fertility of future generations? In this paper, I investigate early motherhood – a marker of lifetime disadvantage – of those born in the years immediately after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Using data from the German Socioeconomic Panel and a difference-in-differences specification comparing the “Daughters of the Wall” with East Germans born in adjacent years and with West Germans in order to control for region fixed-effects and time-varying confounders, I find that these Daughters of the Wall were more likely to have children in young adulthood if they did not grow up with both of their parents. These results suggest that severe recessions increase early motherhood of those born into disadvantage, increasing the transmission of disadvantage across generations.
The crystal structure of fac-tricarbonyl(N-benzoyl-N,N-cyclohexylmethylcarbamimidothioato-κ2
S,O)-(pyridine-κN)rhenium(I), C23H24N3O4ReS
Authors: Makhakhayi Luleka , Malan Frederick P. , Tembu Vuyelwa J. , Nkambule Comfort M. , Manicum Amanda-Lee E. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
C23H24N3O4ReS, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 15.1264(4) Å, b = 15.1167(5) Å, c = 20.1500 Å, V = 4607.5(2) Å3, Z = 8, T = 150(2) K, R

gt
(F) = 0.0416, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0691.
Synthesis and crystal structure of 3-methyl-2-(methylthio)-4H-chromen-4-one, C12H12O2S
Authors: Liu Feng , Zhang Yuming , Zhao Zhimeng , Liu Yi , Chen Yang , Xiao Tao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
C12H12O2S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.4771(1) Å, b = 8.6860(1) Å, c = 16.0445(2) Å, β =

95.374

(
1
)

∘

$95.374{\left(1\right)}^{\circ }$

, V = 1037.45(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0311, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1156, T = 293(2) K.
CISD2 protects against Erastin induced hepatocellular carcinoma ferroptosis by upregulating FSP1
Authors: Hou Wanyun , Long Puze , Liu Xilin , Liu Fahui , Liang Jiadong , Huang Yunmei , Su Qunying , Jiang Lihe , Luo Chunying 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 (CISD2) is essential to maintain iron (Fe) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) can protect cells from ferroptosis by inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Here, we investigate the role and potential mechanism of CISD2 and FSP1 in ferroptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods
Human HCC cells were exposed to ferroptosis inducer Erastin, and the expression changes of CISD2 and FSP1 during ferroptosis were detected. Subsequently, we investigated the effect of overexpression of CISD2 on ferroptosis and FSP1 expression in HCC cells. Finally, we also investigated the effect of overexpression of FSP1 on ferroptosis in HCC cells.

Results
Erastin induced ferroptosis in hepatoma cells, and HepG2 cells were sensitive to Erastin. In addition, it was found that the expression of CISD2 was significantly upregulated and the expression of FSP1 was significantly downregulated in Erastin treated HepG2 cells. Subsequently, CISD2 was found to be highly expressed in HCC tissues, and overexpression of CISD2 reversed ferroptosis induced by Erastin in HepG2 cells and upregulated the expression of FSP1. Meanwhile, FSP1 showed a low expression level in HCC tissues and cells, and overexpression of FSP1 could reverse the ferroptosis induced by Erastin in HepG2 cells.

Conclusion
CISD2 and FSP1 are involved in the ferroptosis process of HCC induced by Erastin. CISD2 protects against the ferroptosis of HCC induced by Erastin by upregulating the expression of FSP1.
Plant-based biopolymers for wastewater pollutants mitigation
Authors: Harshan Krishnan , Rajan A. Prashanth , Kingsley Danie , Sheikh Rahul Amin , Aashmi Jemima , Rajan Anand Prem 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Pollution is one of the most pressing issues of modern times. Effluent in the world is escalating due to the exponential growth in the industrial and agricultural sectors. The effluents contain heavy metals, pesticides, and inorganic substances ultimately leading to the deterioration of the ecosystem. Even though there are numerous wastewater treatment methods like adsorption, membrane separation, ion exchange, and physical, mechanical, and chemical treatments. They are expensive and have the risk of second-hand pollution. Biopolymers are alternate and superior to synthetic polymers due to their environmentally friendly approach and high efficiency in treating wastewater. The most prominent plant-based biopolymers for the treatment of pollutants are cellulose, starch, carrageenan, alginate, xylan, inulin, pectin, and tragacanth. These have their advantages and disadvantages in bioremediation. The mechanism of pollution removal has adsorption, flocculation, bridge formation, and electrostatic patches. They are biodegradable as they are natural in origin. They have proved to remove toxic pollutants like chitosan, pullulan, polyhydroxy alkonates and butyrates, dextran, starch and cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and polycaprolactone, gelatin, collagen and wheat gluten, alginate, heparin, and pectin to name a few. Biopolymers are also sourced from diverse sources like agricultural wastes and well-known sources like plants, animals, and microbes. Biopolymer and its composites are utilized as coagulants and flocculants. They are cellulose graft polyacrylamide, anionic sodium carboxymethylcellulose, guar gum graft polyacrylamide, pectin polyacrylamide, starch, and tannin. Nanotechnology has led to the development of elite nanohybrid bio-adsorbents to actively remove pollutants. These nano adsorbents have been targeting pollutants like azo dyes, bovine serum albumin, cationic dyes, parabens, and methylene blue among others. Biopolymer composites are also widely used for diverse applications primarily due to their enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. Biopolymers from natural and synthetic sources can be modified and used as per the requirement.
POESIA – CORPO – LIBERDADE EM MARIA TERESA HORTA
Authors: Vasconcelos Michelle , Santos de Oliveira Rodrigo 
Published: May 2023

Maria Teresa Horta (1937-) é um dos nomes mais importantes da literatura de autoria feminina em Portugal do século XX. A sua produção tem início durante a ditadura salazarista, e se caracterizou por um forte combate ao regime, o que lhe rendeu duras perseguições políticas. Desta maneira, a sua produção do período deve ser analisada com um atento olhar histórico e político, visto que o viés ideológico político perpassa toda a sua produção, principalmente nas publicações entre 1961 e 1977, ano em que publica Mulheres de Abril. Diversas foram as suas formas de se expressar e se manifestar contra o regime político vigente, entretanto, o uso da imagem do corpo feminino e das questões inerentes ao sujeito feminino na sociedade portuguesa da época, como forma de resistência ao Estado Novo, são talvez as que se tornaram mais características de sua obra, e motivo pelo qual hoje é amplamente conhecida. Desta maneira, o presente se propõe a analisar a relação que Teresa Horta constrói entre poesia, corpo e liberdade na sua produção entre 1971 e 1977, tomando em consideração o contexto político vigente, as suas ações e participações políticas e as políticas estatais em relação à mulher.Palavras-chave: Ditadura; Poesia; Corpo; Feminismo; Maria Teresa Horta. POETRY- BODY- FREEDOM IN MARIA TERESA HORTA’S WRITINGSAbstract: Maria Teresa Horta (1937-) is one of the most important names in women's literature in Portugal in the 20th century. Her production started during the Salazar dictatorship, and was characterized by a strong fight against the regime, which resulted in harsh political persecutions. In this way, her production from the period must be analyzed with a careful historical and political view, since an ideological political slant permeates her entire production, mainly in the publications between 1961 and 1977, the year in which she published Mulheres de Abril. There were seve­ral ways of expressing and manifesting against the current political regime, howe­ver, the use of the image of the female body and the issues inherent to the female subject in Portuguese society at the time, as a form of resistance to the Estado Novo, are perhaps what has become to be seen as more characteristic of her work, which is why it is widely known. Thus, this paper intends to analyze the relationship that Teresa Horta builds between poetry, the body and freedom in her production be­tween 1971 and 1977, taking into account the political context in vigor, her political action and participation, as well as the state policies in relation to women. Keywords: Dictatorship; Poetry; Body; Feminism; Maria Teresa Horta.
Narrar-se para se desgarrar do razoável: a ficção como dispositivo clínico-político ético-estético
Authors: Costa Luis Artur 
Published: May 2023

A experiência com oficinas de ficções colaborativas problematiza a noção de políticas do narrar e a produção dos nossos territórios existenciais, compreendendo-as como dispositivos clínico-políticos ético-estéticos que operam a experimentação constante dos nossos limites do dizer, fazer, pensar, sentir, conviver. A ética ficcional desloca a política do narrar moderno-colonial e suas plataformas globais em um exercício ético de escuta-contágio das diferenças como singularidades-virtualidades.Palavras-chave: Políticas do narrar; Ficção; Clínico-política; Ético-estética; Oficina. Narrate yourself to stray from the reasonable: fiction as a clinical-political ethical-aesthetic deviceAbstract: Experience with collaborative fiction workshops problematizes the notion of the politics of narrating and the production of our existential territories, understanding them as clinical-political ethical-aesthetic devices that operate the constant experimentation of our limits of saying, doing, thinking, feeling, living. Fictional ethics displaces the politics of modern-colonial narration and its global platforms toward an ethical exercise of listening-contagion of differences as singularities-virtualities.Keywords: Politics of narrating; Fiction; Clinical-political; Ethical-aesthetic; Workshops.
On the Tonotopy of the Low-Frequency Region of the Cochlea
Authors: Recio-Spinoso Alberto , Dong Wei , Oghalai John S. 
Published: May 2023

It is generally assumed that frequency selectivity varies along the cochlea. For example, at the base of the cochlea, which is a region sensitive to high-frequency sounds, the best frequency of a cochlear location increases toward the most basal end, that is, near the stapes. Response phases also vary along cochlear locations. At any given frequency, there is a decrease in phase lag toward the stapes. This tonotopic arrangement in the cochlea was originally described by Georg von Békésy in a seminal series of experiments on human cadavers and has been confirmed in more recent works on live laboratory animals. Nonetheless, our knowledge of tonotopy at the apex of the cochlea remains incomplete in animals with low-frequency hearing, which is relevant to human speech. The results of our experiments on guinea pig, gerbil, and chinchilla cochleas, regardless of the sex of the animal, show that responses to sound differ at locations across the apex in a pattern consistent with previous studies of the base of the cochlea.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTonotopy is an important property of the auditory system that has been shown to exist in many auditory centers. In fact, most auditory implants work on the assumption of its existence by assigning different frequencies to different stimulating electrodes based on their location. At the level of the basilar membrane in the cochlea, a tonotopic arrangement implies that high-frequency stimuli evoke largest displacements at the base, near the ossicles, and low-frequency sounds have their greatest effects at the apex. Although tonotopy has been confirmed at the base of the cochlea on live animals at the apex of the cochlea, however, it has been less studied. Here, we show that a tonotopic arrangement does exist at the apex of the cochlea.
OgtDeficiency Induces Abnormal Cerebellar Function and Behavioral Deficits of Adult Mice through Modulating RhoA/ROCK Signaling
Authors: Zhang Jinyu , Wei Kaiyan , Qu Wenzheng , Wang Mengxuan , Zhu Qiang , Dong Xiaoxue , Huang Xiaoli , Yi Wen , Xu Shunliang , Li Xuekun 
Published: May 2023

Previous studies have shown the essential roles of O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt) and O-GlcNAcylation in neuronal development, function and neurologic diseases. However, the function of Ogt and O-GlcNAcylation in the adult cerebellum has not been well elucidated. Here, we have found that cerebellum has the highest level of O-GlcNAcylation relative to cortex and hippocampus of adult male mice. Specific deletion ofOgtin granule neuron precursors (GNPs) induces abnormal morphology and decreased size of the cerebellum in adult maleOgtdeficient [conditional knock-out (cKO)] mice. Adult male cKO mice show the reduced density and aberrant distribution of cerebellar granule cells (CGCs), the disrupted arrangement of Bergman glia (BG) and Purkinje cells. In addition, adult male cKO mice exhibit aberrant synaptic connection, impaired motor coordination, and learning and memory abilities. Mechanistically, we have identified G-protein subunit α12 (Gα12) is modified by Ogt-mediated O-GlcNAcylation. O-GlcNAcylation of Gα12 facilitates its binding to Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 (Arhgef12) and consequently activates RhoA/ROCK signaling. RhoA/ROCK pathway activator LPA can rescue the developmental deficits ofOgtdeficient CGCs. Therefore, our study has revealed the critical function and related mechanisms of Ogt and O-GlcNAcylation in the cerebellum of adult male mice.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCerebellar function are regulated by diverse mechanisms. To unveil novel mechanisms is critical for understanding the cerebellar function and the clinical therapy of cerebellum-related diseases. In the present study, we have shown that O-GlcNAc transferase gene (Ogt) deletion induces abnormal cerebellar morphology, synaptic connection, and behavioral deficits of adult male mice. Mechanistically, Ogt catalyzes O-GlcNAcylation of Gα12, which promotes the binding to Arhgef12, and regulates RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Our study has uncovered the important roles of Ogt and O-GlcNAcylation in regulating cerebellar function and cerebellum-related behavior. Our results suggest that Ogt and O-GlcNAcylation could be potential targets for some cerebellum-related diseases.