bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress in the catalyst for ethylene/α‐olefin copolymerization at high temperature
Authors: Li Feng , Liu Weifeng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEthylene/α‐olefin copolymers are one of the most widely‐used polyolefin materials. With the continuous improvement of polyolefin catalysts, high‐performance polyolefin materials were synthesized by adjusting the chain microstructure, changing the comonomer type and comonomer insertion amount, among which the ethylene/α‐olefin random copolymer elastomer (POE) and olefin block copolymer elastomer (OBC) are the most famous and well accepted by the market. The excellent properties of POE and OBC first depend on their polymer chain microstructure. The chain microstructure of polyolefins is fundamentally determined by the catalysts, polymerization conditions, comonomer feed policies, and reaction engineering. High‐performance ethylene/α‐olefin copolymer elastomers are currently prepared by high‐temperature solution polymerization process, which needs to be carried out at a temperature above the melting point of the polymer and is beneficial to speed up the polymerization reaction rate and control the polyolefin chain microstructure. However, the high‐temperature solution polymerization process launched more stringent requirements for the olefin coordination polymerization catalyst. Systematic reports on catalysts for high‐temperature solution copolymerization of ethylene and α‐olefins are lacking. In this review, we screened some catalysts suitable for the controllable copolymerization and high‐temperature solution copolymerization of ethylene/α‐olefin based on the catalyst's heat resistance, copolymerization activity, comonomer insertion ability, molecular weight, and distribution of the copolymer, including traditional Z–N catalysts, metallocene catalysts, and post‐metallocene catalysts. And the future development of catalysts for high‐temperature solution copolymerization of olefins, catalysts for precise control of polyolefin chain microstructures, and catalysts for olefin copolymerization with polar monomers at high temperature are envisaged.
Anion–π Type Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens
Authors: Jiang Guoyu , Wang Jianguo , Zhong Tang Ben 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs a type of important non‐covalent interactions that can efficiently prohibit π–π interaction to avoid quenching of luminescence, anion–π interactions are receiving growing attention for the fabrication of aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) since 2017. The obtained anion–π type AIEgens can be applied in the fields of wash‐free bioimaging and long‐term tracking of subcellular organelle, photodynamic anti‐cancer and anti‐bacterial therapy due to their good water solubility, superior photostability and excellent reactive oxygen species generation ability. Moreover, anion–π type AIEgens were also further constructed for room temperature phosphorescence by taking advantages of the heavy‐atom participated anion–π interactions. This concept article provides a brief summary of this field, mainly focusing on the design strategy, photophysical properties and applications of anion–π type AIEgens.
Cigarette smoking cessation, duration of smoking abstinence, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma prognosis
Authors: Lee John J. W. , Kunaratnam Vijay , Kim Christina J. H. , Pienkowski Martha , Hueniken Katrina , Sahovaler Axel , Lam Andrew C. L. , Davies Joel C. , Brown Catherine M. , De Almeida John R. , Huang Shao Hui , Waldron John N. , Spreafico Anna , Hung Rayjean J. , Xu Wei , Goldstein David P. , Liu Geoffrey 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundTobacco use is a major risk factor for developing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the prognostic associations with smoking cessation are limited. The authors assessed whether smoking cessation and increased duration of abstinence were associated with improved overall (OS) and HNSCC‐specific survival.MethodsClinicodemographic and smoking data from patients with HNSCC at Princess Margaret Cancer Center (2006–2019) were prospectively collected. Multivariable Cox and Fine and Gray competing‐risk models were used to assess the impact of smoking cessation and duration of abstinence on overall mortality and HNSCC‐specific/noncancer mortality, respectively.ResultsAmong 2482 patients who had HNSCC, former smokers (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.58–0.87; p = .001; N = 841) had a reduced risk of overall mortality compared with current smokers (N = 931). Compared with current smokers, former smokers who quit >10 years before diagnosis (long‐term abstinence; n = 615) had the most improved OS (aHR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.56–0.93; p = .001). The 5‐year actuarial rates of HNSCC‐specific and noncancer deaths were 16.8% and 9.4%, respectively. Former smokers (aHR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54–0.95; p = .019) had reduced HNSCC‐specific mortality compared with current smokers, but there was no difference in noncancer mortality. Abstinence for >10 years was associated with decreased HNSCC‐specific death compared with current smoking (aHR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46–0.91; p = .012). Smoking cessation with a longer duration of quitting was significantly associated with reduced overall and HNSCC‐specific mortality in patients who received primary radiation.ConclusionsSmoking cessation before the time of diagnosis reduced overall mortality and cancer‐specific mortality among patients with HNSCC, but no difference was observed in noncancer mortality. Long‐term abstinence (>10 pack‐years) had a significant OS and HNSCC‐specific survival benefit.
Psychological mobile app for patients with acute myeloid leukemia: A pilot randomized clinical trial
Authors: El‐Jawahri Areej , Luskin Marlise R. , Greer Joseph A. , Traeger Lara , Lavoie Mitchell , Vaughn Dagny Marie , Andrews Stephanie , Yang Daniel , Boateng Kofi Y. , Newcomb Richard A. , Ufere Nneka N. , Fathi Amir T. , Hobbs Gabriela , Brunner Andrew , Abel Gregory A. , Stone Richard M. , DeAngelo Daniel J. , Wadleigh Martha , Temel Jennifer S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) experience a substantial decline in quality of life (QoL) and mood during their hospitalization for intensive chemotherapy, yet few interventions have been developed to enhance patient‐reported outcomes during treatment.MethodsWe conducted a pilot randomized trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03372291) of DREAMLAND, a psychological mobile application for patients with a new diagnosis of AML who are receiving intensive chemotherapy. Patients were randomly assigned to DREAMLAND or usual care. DREAMLAND included four required modules focused on: (1) supportive psychotherapy to help patients deal with the initial shock of diagnosis, (2) psychoeducation to manage illness expectations, (3) psychosocial skill‐building to promote effective coping, and (4) self‐care. The primary end point was feasibility, which was defined as ≥60% of eligible patients enrolling and 60% of those enrolled completing ≥60% of the required modules. We assessed patient QoL (the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Leukemia), psychological distress (the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9), symptom burden (the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale), and self‐efficacy (the Cancer Self‐Efficacy Scale) at baseline and at day 20 after postchemotherapy.ResultsWe enrolled 60 of 90 eligible patients (66.7%), and 62.1% completed ≥75% of the intervention modules. At day 20 after chemotherapy, patients who were randomized to DREAMLAND reported improved QoL scores (132.06 vs. 110.72; p =.001), lower anxiety symptoms (3.54 vs. 5.64; p = .010) and depression symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: 4.76 vs. 6.29; p = .121; Patient Health Questionnaire‐9: 4.62 vs. 8.35; p < .001), and improved symptom burden (24.89 vs. 40.60; p = .007) and self‐efficacy (151.84 vs. 135.43; p = .004) compared with the usual care group.ConclusionsA psychological mobile application for patients with newly diagnosed AML is feasible to integrate during hospitalization for intensive chemotherapy and may improve QoL, mood, symptom burden, and self‐efficacy.
Sustainability, asset redeployability, and board gender diversity
Authors: Pothisarn Thunyanee , Chatjuthamard Pattanaporn , Jiraporn Pornsit , Papangkorn Suwongrat 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn times of crisis, corporate governance, particularly the gender equality aspect, is critically important. Motivated by the phrase “gender equality today for a sustainable tomorrow,” we investigate how board gender diversity affects asset redeployability, which is a key element in the literature on investment irreversibility and a predictor of a firm's liquidity, especially in the face of unforeseen events. Asset redeployability is a crucial feature of sustainability that has received surprisingly little attention in the literature. Based on a novel indicator of asset redeployability developed recently by Kim and Kung, our results suggest that greater board gender diversity leads to greater asset redeployability, implying that female directors value asset redeployability. The findings significantly support the argument that female directors have lower risk tolerance and, as a result, favor asset redeployability, which is less risky due to flexibility of use. Further analyses, such as propensity score matching, an instrumental‐variable analysis, and Oster's approach for assessing coefficient stability, validate the results. Our results suggest that female directors foster sustainability by enhancing asset redeployability.
l‐Theanine Goes Greener: A Highly Efficient Bioprocess Catalyzed by the Immobilized γ‐Glutamyl Transferase from Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Robescu Marina S. , Alcántara Andrés R. , Calvio Cinzia , Morelli Carlo F. , Speranza Giovanna , Ubiali Daniela , Bavaro Teodora 
Published: January 2023

Abstractl‐Theanine (l‐Th) was synthesized by simply mixing the reactants (l‐glutamine and ethylamine in water) at 25 °C and Bacillus subtilis γ‐glutamyl transferase (BsGGT) covalently immobilized on glyoxyl‐agarose according to a methodology previously reported by our research group; neither buffers, nor other additives were needed. Ratio of l‐glutamine (donor) to ethylamine (acceptor), pH, enzymatic units (IU), and reaction time were optimized (molar ratio of donor/acceptor=1 : 8, pH 11.6, 1 IU mL−1, 6 h), furnishing l‐Th in 93 % isolated yield (485 mg, 32.3 g L−1) and high purity (99 %), after a simple filtration of the immobilized biocatalyst, distillation of the volatiles (unreacted ethylamine) and direct lyophilization. Immobilized BsGGT was re‐used (four reaction cycles) with 100 % activity retention. This enzymatic synthesis represents a straightforward, fast, high‐yielding, and easily scalable approach to l‐Th preparation, besides having a favorable green chemistry metrics.
Highly Coupled Heterobicycle‐Fused Porphyrin Dimers: Excitonic Coupling and Charge Separation with Coordinated Fullerene, C60
Authors: Moss Austen , Jang Youngwoo , Arvidson Jacob , Wang Hong , D'Souza Francis 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPorphyrin dimers have been widely explored and studied owing to their importance in photosynthetic systems. A vast variety of dimers linked by different groups and at different angles have been synthesized and studied; however, the means by which to synthesize rigidly fused porphyrins with direct conjugation of the chromophores remains limited. Such a class of porphyrins may possess interesting properties that unconjugated or stacked dimers may not exhibit. In this study, bisbenzimidazole‐fused porphyrin dimers and their mono‐ and bis−zinc derivatives are synthesized and characterized. As a consequence of excitonic coupling, these dimers exhibit a split Soret band irrespective of the metal ion in the porphyrin cavity. Steady‐state fluorescence and excitation spectra followed by femtosecond transient absorption spectral studies of the heterometallated dimer, (free‐base and zinc porphyrin) reveals the occurrence of efficient singlet‐singlet energy transfer (>95 % efficiency and rate constant >1012 s−1) within the dyad. Further, donor‐acceptor conjugates were formed by metal‐ligand axial coordination of phenyl imidazole functionalized C60 and were characterized by a variety of physicochemical techniques. Excited state charge separation from both singlet and triplet excited states of ZnP in the conjugates has been established. The lifetime of the final charge‐separated state was in the 30–40 μs range revealing charge stabilization. Interestingly, no charge separation in the conjugate derived from the heterometallated dimer was observed wherein excitation transfer dominated the process. The present study brings out the importance of the rigid π‐spacer connecting porphyrin dimers in governing the energy and electron transfer events when coupled with an electron acceptor.
Design and experimental verification of a simplified controller for high‐order converters
Authors: Zhang Guidong , Chen Zexiang , Yu Samson S. 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThe modeling of high‐order converter systems and design of their closed‐loop controllers are difficult due to their high nonlinearity, hence high‐order systems, large number of zero‐poles, and complex frequency‐domain characteristics. To ease the design methodologies, this paper studies high‐order power converters and proposes a modeling and control method for such converter systems with order reduction. As an example, the 7th‐order non‐electrolytic capacitor‐I‐Z‐Source converter (NEC‐I‐ZSC) is employed to implement the proposed design method. Operational analysis and small signal modeling of the NEC‐I‐ZSC are conducted, and a reduced‐order controller is then devised. Experimental verification is conducted, which prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed design method.
Offloading of diabetes‐related neuropathic foot ulcers at Swedish prosthetic and orthotic clinics
Authors: Gigante Isabella , Sigurjónsdóttir Elva Dröfn , Jarl Gustav , Hellstrand Tang Ulla 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to assess (1) the use of different offloading interventions in Sweden for the healing of diabetes‐related plantar neuropathic forefoot ulcers, (2) factors influencing the offloading intervention choice, and (3) the awareness of current gold standard offloading devices.MethodsAn online questionnaire was distributed via SurveyMonkey to 51 prosthetic and orthotic clinics in Sweden.ResultsThirty‐five (69%) practitioners responded to the questionnaire. Eighty‐six percent of the practitioners provided modified off‐the‐shelf footwear combined with insoles to treat diabetes‐related plantar neuropathic forefoot ulcers. A total contact cast (TCC) was provided by 20% of the practitioners, and a nonremovable knee‐high walker was provided by 0%. Multiple practitioner‐, patient‐, intervention‐, and wound‐related factors were considered when practitioners provided offloading interventions to patients with this type of ulcer. The majority of the practitioners did not or were unsure whether they considered TCC or a nonremovable knee‐high walker to be the gold standard treatment.ConclusionsPractitioners mainly provided the offloading intervention that the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot strongly recommends not be provided, namely, modified off‐the‐shelf footwear with insoles. In contrast, TCC and nonremovable knee‐high walkers, as the gold standards, were vastly underutilised. Therefore, the pattern of providing offloading interventions was almost exactly opposite to the recommendations of evidence‐based guidelines. Different factors were considered when providing offloading interventions to patients with diabetes‐related plantar neuropathic forefoot ulcers. The practitioners' lack of awareness regarding gold standard devices may have contributed to the underutilisation of TCC and nonremovable knee‐high walkers.
Intermittent inotropic support with levosimendan in advanced heart failure as destination therapy: The LEVO‐D registry
Authors: Dobarro David , Donoso‐Trenado Víctor , Solé‐González Eduard , Moliner‐Abós Carlos , Garcia‐Pinilla José Manuel , Lopez‐Fernandez Silvia , Ruiz‐Bustillo Sonia , Diez‐Lopez Carles , Castrodeza Javier , Méndez‐Fernández Ana B. , Vaqueriza‐Cubillo David , Cobo‐Marcos Marta , Tobar Javier , Sagasti‐Aboitiz Igor , Rodriguez Miguel , Escolar Vanessa , Abecia Ana , Codina Pau , Gómez‐Otero Inés , Pastor Francisco , Marzoa‐Rivas Raquel , González‐Babarro Eva , de Juan‐Baguda Javier , Melendo‐Viu María , de Frutos Fernando , Gonzalez‐Costello José 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimPatients with advanced heart failure (AHF) who are not candidates to advanced therapies have poor prognosis. Some trials have shown that intermittent levosimendan can reduce HF hospitalizations in AHF in the short term. In this real‐life registry, we describe the patterns of use, safety and factors related to the response to intermittent levosimendan infusions in AHF patients not candidates to advanced therapies.Methods and resultsMulticentre retrospective study of patients diagnosed with advanced heart failure, not HT or LVAD candidates. Patients needed to be on the optimal medical therapy according to their treating physician. Patients with de novo heart failure or who underwent any procedure that could improve prognosis were not included in the registry. Four hundred three patients were included; 77.9% needed at least one admission the year before levosimendan was first administered because of heart failure. Death rate at 1 year was 26.8% and median survival was 24.7 [95% CI: 20.4–26.9] months, and 43.7% of patients fulfilled the criteria for being considered a responder lo levosimendan (no death, heart failure admission or unplanned HF visit at 1 year after first levosimendan administration). Compared with the year before there was a significant reduction in HF admissions (38.7% vs. 77.9%; P < 0.0001), unplanned HF visits (22.7% vs. 43.7%; P < 0.0001) or the combined event including deaths (56.3% vs. 81.4%; P < 0.0001) during the year after. We created a score that helps predicting the responder status at 1 year after levosimendan, resulting in a score summatory of five variables: TEER (+2), treatment with beta‐blockers (+1.5), Haemoglobin >12 g/dL (+1.5), amiodarone use (−1.5) HF visit 1 year before levosimendan (−1.5) and heart rate >70 b.p.m. (−2). Patients with a score less than −1 had a very low probability of response (21.5% free of death or HF event at 1 year) meanwhile those with a score over 1.5 had the better chance of response (68.4% free of death or HF event at 1 year). LEVO‐D score performed well in the ROC analysis.ConclusionIn this large real‐life series of AHF patients treated with levosimendan as destination therapy, we show a significant decrease of heart failure events during the year after the first administration. The simple LEVO‐D Score could be of help when deciding about futile therapy in this population.
Eomesodermin‐expressing type 1 regulatory (EOMES+Tr1)‐like T cells: Basic biology and role in immune‐mediated diseases
Authors: Geginat Jens , Vasco Chiara , Gruarin Paola , Bonnal Raoul , Rossetti Grazisa , Silvestri Ylenia , Carelli Elena , Pulvirenti Nadia , Scantamburlo Morena , Moschetti Giorgia , Clemente Francesca , Grassi Fabio , Monticelli Silvia , Pagani Massimiliano , Abrignani Sergio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractType 1 regulatory (Tr1) T cells are currently defined all T cells with regulatory functions that lack FOXP3 expression and produce IL‐10. Tr1 cells are heterogeneous, and the different reported properties of Tr1‐cell populations have caused some confusion in the field. Moreover, understanding the role of Tr1 cells in immune‐mediated diseases has been hampered by the lack of a lineage‐defining transcription factor. Several independent studies indicated recently that the transcription factor Eomesodermin (EOMES) could act as a lineage‐defining transcription factor in a population of IL‐10 and IFN‐γ co‐producing Tr1‐like cells, since EOMES directly induces IFN‐γ and cytotoxicity, enhances IL‐10, and antagonizes alternative T‐cell fates. Here, we review the known properties of EOMES+Tr1‐like cells. They share several key characteristics with other Tr1 cells (i.e., “Tr1‐like”), namely high IL‐10 production, cytotoxicity, and suppressive capabilities. Notably, they also share some features with FOXP3+Tregs, like downregulation of IL‐7R and CD40L. In addition, they possess several unique, EOMES‐dependent features, that is, expression of GzmK and IFN‐γ, and downregulation of type‐17 cytokines. Published evidence indicates that EOMES+Tr1‐like cells play key roles in graft‐versus‐host disease, colitis, systemic autoimmunity and in tumors. Thus, EOMES+Tr1‐like cells are key players of the adaptive immune system that are involved in several different immune‐mediated diseases.
Zinc Promoted Urea Synthesis Using Carbonyldiimidazole as Carbonyl Source and Its Application for the Synthesis of Cariprazine
Authors: Jadhav Krishna A. , Itage Shivanand V. , Bhosle Siddhanath D. , Bhosale Rajesh S. , Yadav Jhillu Singh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA convenient method has been developed for symmetrical and un‐symmetrical urea synthesis by using Carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) and recyclable activated zinc metal. This reaction is suitable for all types of amines and gives the desired urea products with good to excellent yield. The developed synthetic approach was employed for the synthesis of the Cariprazine drug.
Automatic segmentation of airport pavement damage by AM‐Mask R‐CNN algorithm
Authors: Zhang Hao , Dong Jiaxiu , Gao Ziqiao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe airport is an important infrastructure for air transport and urban traffic. The airport pavement damage seriously affects the safety of aircraft take‐off and landing. Therefore, the regular detection of airport pavement damage is critical for aircraft take‐off and landing safety. However, for small target areas, the existing pavement damage detection methods cannot effectively achieve detection. In addition, the airport pavement detection is carried out under low light conditions at night, and the existing detection methods may not be able to accurately detect the damage boundary. To address the above problems, an automatic detection algorithm of Mask R‐CNN algorithm integrating attention mechanism (AM‐Mask R‐CNN) for airport pavement damage is proposed. First, the AM‐Mask R‐CNN is developed based on an improved Mask R‐CNN modified by the feature pyramid (FPN) and the dual attention mechanism are fused to extract subtle features in images. In addition, feature fusion is used. The macroscopic and microscopic features of airport pavement damage are organically combined to improve the segmentation sensitivity of small target areas and dark lighting. The experimental results show that the average F1‐score of the proposed model is 0.9489. In addition, the mean intersection over union for the model proposed is 0.9388. The average segmentation speed can reach 11.8 FPS. Moreover, compared with the traditional threshold segmentation method Fully Convolutional Networks (FCN) and DeepCrack segmentation method, the effectiveness of the proposed method is further proved.