bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EMERGING ROLE OF IDH2-MEDIATED MITOPHAGY AND MTUPR IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Choi Su-Jeong , Nagar Harsha , Piao Shuyu , Kim Seonhee , Lee Ikjun , Park Jeen-Woo , Jeon Byeong Hwa , Song Hee-Jeong , Kim Cuk-Seong , Choi Su-Jeong 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a risk factor for vascular disease by overexpressing ROS caused by some stimuli in mitochondria which causes oxidative stress and enhances vascular inflammatory response. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) is NADP+ dependent mitochondrial enzyme and an antioxidant enzyme that produces NADPH in the antioxidant system. Mitophagy and mitochondrial Unfolding Protein Response (mtUPR) are internal defense mechanism in mitochondria. In this study, we investigated whether IDH2 knockdown causes mitochondrial dysfunction then Mitophagy and mtUPR in vitro in HUVECs and in vivo in IDH2 knock out mice.

Design and method:
We examined expression of mitophagy and mtUPR-related gene in IDH2-deficient human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and its role in mitophagy and mtUPR in the endothelial cell and IDH2 KO animal tissues. Mitophagy and mtUPR were measured using the western blotting and qPCR.

Results:
We showed that knockdown of IDH2 expression induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Mitochondrial dynamics is mitochondrial fusion and fission. Knockdown of IDH2 increased Drp1 (fission protein) and mfn1 (fusion protein) compared with Tom20 (control). IDH2 deficiency increase Mitophagy related protein PINK-1 and Parkin expression and mRNA level (PINK-1, Parkin, BNIP3, NIX, FUNDC-1). Moreover, knockdown of IDH2 induced mtUPR mRNA level (USP30, Clpp) in vitro. In addition, IDH2 deficiency increases mtUPR mRNA level and decreases PINK-1 and Parkin protein expression in vivo.

Conclusions:
Our data show that IDH2 deficiency induces mitochondrial dysfunction and then Mitophagy and mtUPR expression in endothelial cells. These findings provide novel strategy for the development of therapeutic agents for restoring mitochondrial and endothelial function.
FEATURES OF THE ASSOCIATION OF TYPE 2 DIABETES AND ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN ELDERLY IN THE AREA OF BLIDA (ALGERIA)
Authors: Cherif Abdelghani Bachir , Bennouar Salam 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Arterial hypertension is frequent and serious in elderly diabetic patients, responsible for an increase in cardiovascular risk and an acceleration of the degenerative damage of diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of hypertension with dyslipidemia in elderly diabetics and to study its impact.

Design and method:
Cohort study, including 1884 type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension aged 65 years old or over, hospitalized in the internal medicine department in Blida (Algeria), between the year 2019 and the year 2022.

Results:
Most of our patients were female with a sex ratio of 1.62. The mean age was 58±3.2 years. The duration of diabetes was 8.1 ± 2.6 years. The diagnosis of diabetes preceded that of hypertension in 61.4% of cases. Only 10.8% had an HbA1c less than or equal to 7%. The mean BMI was 29.2±3.5 kg/m2. Dyslipidemia was present in 62.2% of our patients with essentially hypoHDLemia (70.5%). Macroangiopathy was observed in 40% of patients with mainly ischemic heart disease (33%). It was significantly more frequent in patients with HbA1c greater than 8.5%, LDL-c greater than or equal to 1.2 g/l and hypoHDLemia. The microangiopathy present in 72% of cases was significantly related to HbA1c, GFR and triglyceride levels. During a 2 years follow-up, we observed 212 deaths. Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that total cholesterol level was associated at an increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death (p<0.001 for all curves). Then, we performed a multivariate Cox regression analysis adjusted for all cardiovascular risk factors, ECG left ventricular hypertrophy, secondary prevention, MDRD and antihypertensive treatment.

Conclusions:
Our results confirmed the prognostic value of total cholesterol on long-term mortality in elderly patients with diabetes and hypertension. Complete management of cardiovascular risk factors in elderly subjects reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
HYPERTENSION AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AT PRIMARY CARE SETTING
Authors: Oliveira Monica Amorim De , Rey Helena Cramer Veiga 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
to assess cardiovascular risk of patients treated at basic health units

Design and method:
Prospective cohort of 1000 patients over 18 years selected in 21 primary care units in the city of Rio de Janeiro. At the initial consultation, the clinical form was filled out, in which medical history, socioeconomic variables, data on life habits and functional assessment were documented. The definition of HTN was bases on data from medical records.

Results:
A total of 1014 patients were included in the study. Of these, 737 patients had a diagnosis of Hypertension, which corresponds to 72.68% of the sample.
The presence of target organ damage and/or clinical cardiovascular disease, characterizing a high cardiovascular risk population, was found in 103 patients (10.2%) of the studied population. Among them, 95 (12.9%) were from the hypertensive group and 08 (2.9%) from the non-hypertensive group.
Cardiovascular risk was calculated according to the number of risk factors and the presence of target organ damage and/or clinical cardiovascular disease, in accordance with the guidelines of the SAH Guidelines of the SBC 1. In the hypertensive population of the study, 40.4% were considered low risk and 42.5% high risk, as can be seen in the attached table.
At the end of 12 months, the presence of hospitalization or death was 8.3% (N = 61) in the hypertensive population and 5.8% (N = 16) in the population without SAH (p = 0.18 ). Among hypertensive patients, there were 20 cardiovascular events (2.7%) and 3 (1.1%) in non-hypertensive patients (p = 0.156), with an odds ratio of 2.54 (95% CI 0.74-13.48).
Deaths occurred in 1.9% (N = 19) of the study population, 2% (N = 15) of hypertensive individuals and 1.4% (N = 4) of non-hypertensive individuals (p = 0.795).

Conclusions:
Cardiovascular events accounted for approximately one third of the total events, characterized by hospitalization or death, in patients with hypertension. Although not significant, the cardiovascular risk was almost three times higher in the hypertensive group when compared to the non-hypertensive group, corresponding to 8.3% of the hypertensive population and 5.8% of the population without hypertension.
SYMPTOMS OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS PARTIALLY MEDIATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AND ALCOHOL MISUSE AMONG SOUTH AFRICAN WOMEN
Authors: Nguyen Kim , Myers Bronwyn , Abrahams Naeemah , Jewkes Rachel , Mhlongo Shibe , Seedat Soraya , Lombard Carl , Garcia-Moreno Claudia , Chirwa Esnat , Kengne Andre P , Peer Nasheeta 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Alcohol misuse is among modifiable risk factors of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have described the associations of a range of traumatic experiences with problematic alcohol use, but data on possible mediation effects of mental distress are sparse. We examined whether mental ill-health mediated the association between trauma exposure across the lifespan and alcohol misuse.

Design and method:
We analysed cross-sectional data from a pooled sample of rape-exposed and non-rape-exposed women, 18-40 years-old, living in KwaZulu-Natal, with self-reported data on alcohol misuse (Audit-C cut-off = >3) and exposure to childhood maltreatment (CM), intimate partner violence (IPV), non-partner sexual violence (NPSV), other traumatic events, and mental ill-health including depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Logistic regression and multiple mediation models were used to test the mediation effects of symptoms of depression and PTSS on the association between abuse/trauma and alcohol misuse.

Results:
Of 1615 women, 31% (n = 498) reported alcohol misuse. Exposure to any CM (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27-1.99), sexual (OR: 1.24, 95%CI: 1.04-1.94), physical (OR:1.39, 95%CI:1.12-1.72) and emotional CM (CA) (OR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.04-1.66) were independently associated with alcohol misuse. Lifetime exposures to any IPV (OR:2.01, 95%CI:1.59-2.54), physical (OR:2.15, 95%CI:1.72-2.69), emotional (OR:1.61, 95%CI: 1.30-2.01) and economic IPV (OR: 1.35, 95%CI: 1.03-1.78), NPSV (OR: 1.75, 95%CI: 1.32-2.33) and other trauma (OR:2.08, 95%CI:1.62-2.66) were associated with alcohol misuse. Parental neglect and sexual IPV were not associated with alcohol misuse. Exposure to an increasing number of abuse types, and severity of CM (overall, physical and emotional, and parental neglect), IPV (overall, physical and emotional), NPSV and other traumatic events were independently associated with alcohol misuse. PTSS partially mediated the associations of CM, IPV, NPSV and other trauma exposures with alcohol misuse (p-values< = 0.04 for indirect effects), but depression symptoms did not.

Conclusions:
These findings highlight the need for trauma-informed psychological interventions to prevent and reduce alcohol misuse in women exposed to violence. Women diagnosed with alcohol misuse should be screened for trauma exposures and provided appropriately care, treatment.
OBESITY AND HYPERTENSION AMONG YOUNG ADULTS OF DELHI-NCR
Authors: Mishra Sumit 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Our study aimed to determine the association between overweight and obesity with hypertension among young adults.

Design and method:
This study included a total of 200 adults (85 men and 115 women) aged between 18-30. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were measured using standard procedures. Statistical methods such as Chi-square and Binary logistic regression were used.

Results:
The prevalence of BMI (Overweight+ obese) was 48% (52.1% males & 47.9% females) while hypertension was 23% (51.1% males & 48.9% females) in the studied population. The binary logistic regression, in terms of OR and coefficient analysis, revealed that high BMI is significantly associated with a 2-fold increased risk for hypertension (OR 2.044, 95% CI = 1.046-3,933). To understand the relationship between height & weight with blood pressure, the sample was stratified for BMI. In BMI cohorts’ height is inversely associated with BP, but in some BMI cohorts (25-28) height is showing a significant positive association with BP. in some BMI cohorts’ weight is positively associated with blood pressure

Conclusions:
This study shows a high prevalence of obesity and hypertension among young adults, males were more obese and hypertensive as compared to females. The risk of obesity and hypertension in young individuals requires urgent awareness.
POSTERIOR REVERSIBLE ENCEPHALOPATHY SYNDROME DUE TO HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE PEAK AFTER HEART TRANSPLANT
Authors: Zanella Luca , Toscano Giuseppe , Rossi Gian Paolo , Letizia Claudio , Seccia Teresa Maria , Tessari Chiara , Pradegan Nicola , Gerosa Gino 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a reversible subcortical vasogenic cerebral oedema involving parieto-occipital regions in patients with acute neurological symptoms. The aim of this study is to analyse an interesting case of PRES after heart transplant.

Design and method:
A heart transplant was performed in a 53-years-old woman affected by arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. She had history of atrial fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation requiring an implantable cardioverter defibrillator, chronic renal insufficiency with frequent acute episodes, heart failure and stasis hepatopathy. After the transplantation, the patient required femoral extracorporeal membrane oxygenator for three days, mediastinal revision for bleeding, two runs of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration, and a pericardial drainage for effusion.
After fifty days the patient was stable, but she suddenly experienced a high blood pressure peak of 180 mmHg and tachycardia, followed by limb stiffening, limb colonies resolved with diazepam, verbal blockade, and sphincter release.

Results:
A cerebral computer tomography was immediately performed showing a bilateral parieto-occipital oedema suggestive of PRES (Figure 1).
The patient was treated by brivaracetam and the immunosuppressive therapy was switched from cyclosporine to tacrolimus. Subsequently, she experienced amelioration of symptoms. Ten days later, electroencephalography did not show any epileptic signs and oedema was regularly evolving on cerebral imaging.
PRES usually appears in the setting of blood pressure fluctuations, cytotoxic drugs, and renal failure. In the case presented, the time link between symptoms and typical brain images could show that the high blood pressure peak after heart transplant could have been a trigger for the syndrome in a patient with chronic renal disease treated with cyclosporine, which are both risk factors for PRES.
According to literature, PRES syndrome could be due to endothelial injury related to abrupt blood pressure changes, breaking down blood-brain barrier and generating cerebral oedema.

Conclusions:
This case showed that PRES is a possible complication after heart transplant in patient with predisposing risk factors and blood pressure sudden variations. It is very important to have a good blood pressure control after heart transplant and to choose the property immunosuppressive therapy in these patients.
FEATURES OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH THE PRESENCE/ABSENCE OF CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Yusupova Khafiza , Abdullaeva Guzal , Khamidullaeva Gulnoz , Radjabova Gulruh 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
to evaluate cognitive functions in hypertensive patients with the presence/absence of chronic heart failure (CHF).

Design and method:
100 male and female patients with I-III degree of arterial hypertension (AH) (ESH / ESC, 2018), who are on outpatient treatment at Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Cardiology, were examined. The stage of CHF was diagnosed according to classification (ESH / ESC, 2020), the exclusion criteria was CHF stage IIB-III. The mean age of patients was 55.8±12.2 years, AH duration was 9.4±6.7 years. All patients initially measured office systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Cognitive functions were evaluated using neuro-psychological tests: the Mini-Cog test, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was used to assess levels of anxiety and depression. The results are presented as M ± SD.

Results:
All patients were divided into two groups: 1 - patients with AH without CHF (n = 78) and 2 - patients with AH with CHF stage I-IIA (n = 22). The analysis of cognitive functions in AH patients revealed good indicators of cognitive functions in AH patients without CHF in comparison with AH patients with stage I-IIA CHF. In particular, the overall score on the Mini-Cog test: in 1st group it was 4.05±0.92 points, in 2nd group - 3.45±1.4 points (p<0.05), the drawing function was much better: 1.72±0.55 points versus 1.4±0.85 points (p<0.05). The total score on the MOCA scale was slightly higher in group 1 than in group 2: 24.59±2.65 versus 23.31±3.83 points, p = 0.075. At the same time, self-assessment of attention was better in 1st group than in 2nd group: 8.76±1.51 versus 7.84±2.46 points, p<0.05. Visual-constructive performance skills were also better in group 1 than in group 2: 4.13±1.05 versus 3.5±1.47 points, p<0.05. Coping with work in the 1st group of patients was somewhat better than in the 2nd group: 9.09±1.37 versus 8.31±2.39 points, p = 0.072.

Conclusions:
Thus, in hypertensive patients with CHF stage I-IIA is noted the severity of cognitive impairment, in contrast to patients without CHF.
INTERACTION OF COMORBID HYPERTENSION AND SEX ON OCCURRENCE OF MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN OUTPATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS: A 6-YEAR FOLLOW-UP STUDY
Authors: Miyamatsu Naomi , Kiyohara Maiko , Kawahara Mizuki , Morino Katsutaro , Miyazawa Itsuko , Fujita Yukihiro , Shima Azusa , Maegawa Hiroshi , Ogita Mihoko 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Hypertension and diabetes are known as a risk factor for impaired cognitive function among general population. And there are some sex-differences in prevalence/incidence of dementia and/or MCI and its related risk factors. We therefore examined the interaction of sex and hypertension comorbidity on MCI occurrence in diabetic patients.

Design and method:
Six-year follow-up study was conducted. A total of 308 without MCI out of 461 outpatients with diabetes mellitus assessed MMSE in 2014 were included. Blood pressure (BP) was evaluated twice after 5-muinite rest in the baseline survey. Comorbidity of hypertension was defined by prescription of antihypertensives. The follow-up assessment of MMSE were performed in 2019. A total of 155 patients were consequently used for the analysis (follow-up rate: 50.3%; 105 men and 50 women; age[years]: mean 63.9, SD 11.7, range 31-84). Participants were divided into four categories, men without hypertension(Mw/oHTN, reference), men with hypertension(MwHTN), women without hypertension(Ww/oHTN), women with hypertension(WwHTN) by baseline assessment. The odds ratios(ORs) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs) of MCI occurrence at the follow-up survey by sex and HTN category were calculated by multivariate logistic regression analyses after stratification by age.

Results:
Among 155 patients, 43 MCI was observed (case/n: 7/53 in Mw/oHTN, 18/52 in MwHTN, 9/23 Ww/oHTN, 9/27 WwHTN) at all ages during follow-up. After stratified by age, in patient aged under 65, age-adjusted ORs[95%CIs] of MCI were 9.85[1.08-89.49] for MwHTN, 13.33[1.10-162.10] for Ww/oHTN, 15.94[1.30-195.50] for Ww/oHTN. These results remained after adjusting SBP, BMI, HbA1c at baseline. Any significant increase on MCI occurrence by sex and HTN comorbidity was not observed in elderly diabetic patients.
Limitations: We could not identify whether hypertension or diabetes occurred first. Due to the low follow-up rate, especially in higher BP levels, the sample size and the number of events were insufficient to consider all possible confounders.
Strength: MMSE and other measures were assessed by well-trained researchers or research nurses with strict protocols.

Conclusions:
Comorbid hypertension in men with diabetes may cause MCI in adulthood. Further research focusing on risk factors for MCI in women with diabetes is needed.
RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM INHIBITOR IS BETTER IN SLOWING PROGRESSION OF MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT (MCI): A META-ANALYSIS ON ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG AND RISK OF DEMENTIA IN MCI PATIENT
Authors: Lam Amy , Ip Roy , Chan Aaron , Yiu Karen , Tsoi Kelvin 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Antihypertensive drugs has been known to reduce risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in hypertensive patients. The current meta-analysis aims to assess association of antihypertensive drugs and risk of dementia in MCI patients.

Design and method:
PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for articles from database inception until October, 2022. Longitudinal cohort studies in subjects aged 18 or above with MCI at baseline involving (1) comparison of use of antihypertensive drugs and non-user, or (2) comparison among classes of antihypertensive drugs were included. Primary outcome was risk of dementia. Reported risk of dementia was extracted as hazard ratio or odds ratio. Peto fixed effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled effect size of antihypertensive drugs on risk of dementia.

Results:
Eight studies were included in current analysis. One was post-hoc analysis of randomised controlled trial, while the others were observational cohort study. A total number of 1,107 dementia cases were identified. Use of antihypertensive drugs, regardless of therapeutic class, reduced risk of dementia by 27% (Peto odds ratio (OR) 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62-0.86). Use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitor, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), reduced risk of dementia by 47% (Peto OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.39-0.72), while use of non-RAS antihypertensives reduced risk of dementia by 28% (Peto OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.57-0.91). When directly comparing use of RAS and non-RAS antihypertensives, RAS inhibitor further reduced 20% risk of dementia (Peto OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68-0.94). Among RAS inhibitor, ARBs showed trend of reducing dementia risk but could not achieve statistical significance (Peto OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.69-1.06).

Conclusions:
Antihypertensive drug reduced risk of dementia in MCI patients. Among different classes of antihypertensive drugs, RAS inhibitor performed better than other non-RAS antihypertensive drug in slowing progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia, while ARB and ACEI were comparable in this aspect.
COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAROTID LESIONS
Authors: Kadanina Kseniia , Bragina Anna , Podzolkov Valeriy , Druzhunina Natalia , Mohammadi Leila , Shakhmagomedov Rustam , Tyulin Maxim , Kartashov Ioann 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
The aim of our research was to study the cognitive function and its relation with the types of carotid arteries lesions (CL) in patients with hypertension.

Design and method:
67 hypertensive patients (35 men and 32 women) were examined (median age 51 [45;55] y., hypertension duration 3 [2;5] y). Cognitive function was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Rating Scale (MoCA). The subjects underwent duplex scanning of the carotid arteries on a Samsung HS50 2021. The results were statistically processed using Statistica 10 program.

Results:
The patients included in the study were divided into 4 groups according to the type of CL: group 1 (n = 39) without pathological carotid tortuosity (PCAT) and atherosclerotic plaques (AP); group 2 (n = 11) with PCAT, but without AP; group 3 (n = 11) with AP<70% stenosis and without PCAT, and group 4 (n = 6), which has both PCAT and AP<70% stenosis. The groups did not differ significantly in gender and age (p>0.05). Cognitive function levels were significantly higher in group 1 (28[26;29] points) when compared with group 2 (20[19;20] points, p = 0.000001), with group 3 (24[20;26] points, p = 0.00004), and
with group 4 (19[19;23] points, respectively, p = 0.00009). In group 2 the MoCA level was significantly lower than in group 3 (p = 0.019). The lowest MoCA level was in group 4, though but because of the small sample of patients, the differences did not reach the level of statistical significance (p>0.05, when compared with group 2). The MoCA level was in negative correlation with the presence of CL (PCAT + AP) (r = -0.77; p<0.05). A similar correlation between the MoCA level and PCAT was in group 2 (r = -0.81; p<0.05).

Conclusions:
In patients with hypertension, there is a negative correlation between the cognitive function and the presence of different variants of carotid lesions. The most severe decline of cognitive function was observed in hypertensives with both atherosclerotic plaques and pathological carotid tortuosity.