bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dihydromyricetin inhibits African swine fever virus replication by downregulating toll-like receptor 4-dependent pyroptosis in vitro
Authors: Chen Yang , Song Zebu , Chang Hao , Guo Yanchen , Wei Zhi , Sun Yankuo , Gong Lang , Zheng Zezhong , Zhang Guihong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAfrican swine fever (ASF), caused by ASF virus (ASFV) infection, poses a huge threat to the pork industry owing to ineffective preventive and control measures. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop strategies, including antiviral drugs targeting ASFV, for preventing ASFV spread. This study aimed to identify novel compounds with anti-ASFV activity. To this end, we screened a small chemical library of 102 compounds, among which the natural flavonoid dihydromyricetin (DHM) exhibited the most potent anti-ASFV activity. DHM treatment inhibited ASFV replication in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, it inhibited porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and swine influenza virus replication, which suggested that DHM exerts broad-spectrum antiviral effects. Mechanistically, DHM treatment inhibited ASFV replication in various ways in the time-to-addition assay, including pre-, co-, and post-treatment. Moreover, DHM treatment reduced the levels of ASFV-induced inflammatory mediators by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Meanwhile, DHM treatment reduced the ASFV-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species, further minimizing pyroptosis by inhibiting the ASFV-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Interestingly, the effects of DHM on ASFV were partly reversed by treatment with polyphyllin VI (a pyroptosis agonist) and RS 09 TFA (a TLR4 agonist), suggesting that DHM inhibits pyroptosis by regulating TLR4 signaling. Furthermore, targeting TLR4 with resatorvid (a specific inhibitor of TLR4) and small interfering RNA against TLR4 impaired ASFV replication. Taken together, these results reveal the anti-ASFV activity of DHM and the underlying mechanism of action, providing a potential compound for developing antiviral drugs targeting ASFV.
The role of constructive patriotism in the relationship of basic human values and active citizenship for emerging adults in Türkiye
Authors: Elban Mehmet , Aslan Selçuk 
Published: July 2023

AbstractActive citizenship is closely related to basic human values and patriotism, but empirical studies have lacked investigating these variables holistically. Likewise, the mediating role of patriotism between basic human values and active citizenship seems neglected. In this context, the current study examined the relationships between basic human values, patriotism, and active citizenship by grounding upon basic human values, individualism, and collectivism theories. Results revealed that constructive patriotism positively predicted all dimensions of active citizenship (political literacy, participation and protest, and social responsibility) and mediated the relationships between basic human values and active citizenship. Additionally, while stimulation and self-direction individual values, including motivational goals such as challenges in life, independent thought, and autonomy, were associated with the individual aspect of active citizenship (protest and individual responsibility), the values based on equality (benevolence) were related with the collectivist aspect of active citizenship (participation and social responsibility). One of the most influential findings was that the universalism value could only associate positively with active citizenship through constructive patriotism. Another impressive culture-specific result was that the political literacy dimension of active citizenship was positively related to power, which includes the goal of achieving individual success and dominating others. It can be evaluated as Turkish culture is more of a vertical collectivist because, historically and sociologically, a way of gaining power and status has been possible with politics and its cognitive equivalent, political literacy. The study also revealed that active citizenship is promoted through individual values based upon an individual’s independent choices and collectivist values that support societal interests based on equality. In summary, the research mainly revealed that active citizenship is sustained by both individualist values (stimulation, self-direction) and collectivist values (universalism, benevolence), and constructive patriotism has a critical mediating role. Implications of the results were discussed with the relevant literature.
Rare case of pediatric calcaneal osteosarcoma masquerading as a cystic lesion
Authors: Alexander Alan , Tsui Brian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Although osteosarcoma remains the most common primary malignant neoplasm in the bone in the pediatric age group, involvement of the foot is extremely rare.

Case presentation
Our case demonstrates what appeared to be a bone cyst of the calcaneus at an outside institution after injury to the ankle. The patient was sent to our institution for further workup where a Computed Tomography scan revealed a permeative lytic lesion with faint calcifications. Based on our patient’s radiograph, an aneurysmal bone cyst might be included in the differential diagnosis. A telangiectatic osteosarcoma can also demonstrate a cystic and lytic appearance on radiographs. Interestingly biopsy confirmed our patient had an osteoblastic osteosarcoma.

Conclusions
A high degree of suspicion is often necessary for diagnosis of calcaneal osteosarcoma, especially in the setting of injury, and should not be overlooked.
Key Molecules in Bladder Cancer Affect Patient Prognosis and Immunotherapy Efficacy: Further Exploration for CNTN1 and EMP1
Authors: Zhou Tailai , Chen Hengxin , Wang Yinzhao , Wen Sijie , Dao Pinghong , Chen Minfeng 
Published: July 2023

PURPOSE Immunotherapy has been widely used in bladder cancer (BCa) in recent years and has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with BCa. However, further identification of immunotherapy-sensitive individuals to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy remains an important unmet need. MATERIALS AND METHODS The key genes were screened and identified from Gene Expression Omnibus database and The Cancer Genome Atlas database to construct the risk prediction function (risk scores). Real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and IMvigor210 data sets were used to verify the roles of key molecules and efficacy of risk scores. The biologic function of CNTN1 and EMP1 was further explored through cell proliferation experiments. RESULTS Five key genes, CNTN1, MAP1A, EMP1, MFAP5, and PTGIS, which were significantly related to the prognosis and immune checkpoint molecules of patients, were screened out. CNTN1 and EMP1 were further experimentally confirmed for their significant tumor-promoting effects. Besides, the constructed risk scores on the basis of these five key genes can accurately predict the prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy of patients with BCa. Interestingly, the high-risk patients identified by the risk scores have significantly worse prognosis and immunotherapy effects than low-risk patients. CONCLUSION The key genes we screened can affect the prognosis of BCa, tumor microenvironment immune infiltration, and the efficacy of immunotherapy. The risk scores tool we constructed will contribute to the development of individualized treatment for BCa.
Obesity and Skeletal Fragility
Authors: Chen Rui , Armamento-Villareal Reina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Skeletal fracture has recently emerged as a complication of obesity. Given the normal or better than normal bone mineral density (BMD), the skeletal fragility of these patients appears to be a problem of bone quality rather than quantity. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the incidence of which increases with increasing body mass index, is also associated with an increased risk for fractures despite a normal or high BMD. With the additional bone pathology from diabetes itself, patients with both obesity and T2DM could have a worse skeletal profile. Clinically, however, there are no available methods for identifying those who are at higher risk for fractures or preventing fractures in this subgroup of patients. Weight loss, which is the cornerstone in the management of obesity (with or without T2DM), is also associated with an increased risk of bone loss. This review of the literature will focus on the skeletal manifestations associated with obesity, its interrelationship with the bone defects associated with T2DM, and the available approach to the bone health of patients suffering from obesity.
Volumetric Assessment of Nonfunctional Pituitary Adenoma Treated With Stereotactic Radiosurgery: An Assessment of Long-Term Response
Authors: Dayawansa Sam , Abbas Salma O. , Mantziaris Georgios , Dumot Chloe , Donahue Joseph H. , Sheehan Jason P. 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is widely used to manage recurrent or residual nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs). Studies on the long-term volumetric response of NFPAs to SRS are lacking. Such a post-SRS volumetric study will allow us to set up appropriate radiographic follow-up protocols and predict tumor volumetric response.

METHODS:
Two providers independently performed volumetric analyses on 54 patients who underwent single-session SRS for a recurrent/residual NFPA. In the case of discrepancy between their results, the final volume was confirmed by an independent third provider. Volumetry was performed on the 1-, 3-, 5-, 7-, and 10-year follow-up neuroimaging studies.

RESULTS:
Most patients showed a favorable volumetric response, with 87% (47/54) showing tumor regression and 13% (7/54) showing tumor stability at 10 years. Year 3 post-SRS volumetric results correlated (R2 = 0.82, 0.63, 0.56) with 5-, 7-, and 10-year outcomes. The mean interval volumetric reduction was 17% on year 1; further interval volumetric reduction was 17%, 9%, 4%, and 9% on years 3, 5, 7, and 10, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
Year 3 post-SRS volumetric response of patients with residual or recurrent NFPAs is predictive of their 7–10-year follow-up response. For patients demonstrating NFPA regression in the first 1–3 years, interval follow-up MRI's can likely be performed at 2-year periods unless otherwise clinically indicated. Further studies are needed to better define the volumetric response to adenomas more than a decade after SRS.
Multi-level Fgf4- and apoptosis-dependent regulatory mechanism ensures the plasticity of ESC-chimaeric mouse embryo
Authors: Soszyńska Anna , Filimonow Katarzyna , Wigger Magdalena , Wołukanis Katarzyna , Gross Alicja , Szczepańska Katarzyna , Suwińska Aneta 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
The preimplantation mammalian (including mouse and human) embryo holds remarkable regulatory abilities, which have found their application, for example, in the preimplantation genetic diagnosis of human embryos. Another manifestation of this developmental plasticity is the possibility of obtaining chimaeras by combining either two embryos or embryos and pluripotent stem cells, which enables the verification of the cell pluripotency and generation of genetically modified animals used to elucidate gene function. Using mouse chimaeric embryos (constructed by injection of embryonic stem cells into the eight-cell embryos) as a tool, we aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying the regulatory nature of the preimplantation mouse embryo. We comprehensively demonstrated the functioning of a multi-level regulatory mechanism involving FGF4/MAPK signalling as a leading player in the communication between both components of the chimaera. This pathway, coupled with apoptosis, the cleavage division pattern and cell cycle duration controlling the size of the embryonic stem cell component and giving it a competitive advantage over host embryo blastomeres, provides a cellular and molecular basis for regulative development, ensuring the generation of the embryo characterised by proper cellular composition.
A Self-Floating Robust Polyaniline-Wood Composite Fabricated by One-Step In-Situ Polymerization for High-Performance Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Meng Taotao , Li Zhengtong , Wang Luzhen , Shi Kangjie , Bu Xiangting , Alshehri Saad M , Bando Yoshio , Yamauchi Yusuke , Li Dagang , Xu Xingtao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Owing to their cost-effectiveness and renewability, wood-based solar steam generators (WSSG) have gained prominence in the field of desalination and water purification. However, conventional bi-layered WSSG is limited by the high energy consumption of fabrication and low strength of the bonding interface, which makes them unsuitable for long-term applications. Here, a unique bi-layered structural composite with polyaniline (PANI) nanorods uniformly incorporated into a 3D mesoporous matrix of natural wood was fabricated via a one-step in-situ polymerization strategy. The PANI decorated wood (PANI-wood) shows ultrahigh sunlight absorptance (∼98.9%) over a broad wavelength range (200–2500 nm) due to the conjugation of coralloid PANI nanorods and wood. Moreover, numerous aligned wood microchannels enable constant and rapid water transport at the air-water interface under the pressure of capillary forces. The highly stable PANI-wood composite shows high potential as an ideal solar steam generator with a high evaporation rate of 1.62 kg m2 h−1, which is significantly higher than those of other previously reported wood-based bi-layered composites. Moreover, PANI-wood exhibits long-term floating and is chemically stable, making it a potential candidate for low-energy photothermal interfacial sewage purification.
Percepção de discentes acerca do uso das redes sociais como ferramenta de ensino nas monitorias de biologia celular e bioquímica para estudantes de cursos da saúde: um relato de experiência
Authors: Silva Isabela De Lima da , Bezerra Emilly Holanda , Silva Cruz Lyllian Ramos da , Brito Adriana Da Silva 
Published: July 2023

O estudo objetiva relatar a experiência de discentes que atuaram como monitores no projeto “Expansão da Monitoria Virtual em Bioquímica e Biologia Celular: a criação de vídeos e a utilização de redes sociais como ferramentas didático-pedagógicas”, o qual utilizou as redes sociais como estratégia de ensino nas disciplinas de Bioquímica e Biologia Celular, ofertadas aos cursos de graduação da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde do Trairi (FACISA/UFRN). Houve a criação de materiais didáticos visuais em formato de publicações, utilizando a plataforma de design Canva®, os quais, posteriormente, foram publicados na rede social Instagram®, por meio do perfil “@meetabolizando”. Além das publicações, foram elaborados guias de estudos, bem como quizzes na plataforma de gamificação Kahoot®, e estabelecidos plantões de dúvidas utilizando a rede social WhatsApp® e a plataforma de videochamadas Google Meet®. Como resultados, o projeto de ensino produziu publicações como conteúdo para Instagram®, onde os discentes participaram por meio de curtidas e salvando as publicações, bem como participação nos quizzes, enquetes e plantões de dúvidas. Os resultados corroboram com os achados na literatura, que sugerem que as metodologias ativas tornam o discente protagonista do seu próprio aprendizado, e não somente agente passivo da construção de sua formação acadêmica. As estratégias utilizadas pelo projeto de monitoria contribuíram para a construção do conhecimento e rendimento nas disciplinas, bem como para a formação acadêmica dos discentes, despertando o interesse pela docência.
Leisure-time physical activity and gastric cancer risk: A pooled study within the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project
Authors: Mariani Marco , Pastorino Roberta , Pires Marafon Denise , Johnson Ken C. , Hu Jinfu , Molina de la Torre Antonio Jose , Fernández-Tardón Guillermo , Zaridze David , Maximovich Dmitry , Negri Eva , La Vecchia Carlo , Zhang Zuo-Feng , Kurtz Robert C. , Pelucchi Claudio , Rota Matteo , Boccia Stefania 
Published: July 2023

Background
Although physical activity (PA) has been recognized as a favourable factor in the prevention of various diseases, including certain forms of cancer, the relationship between PA and gastric cancer (GC) is not yet fully understood. This study aims to provide data from a pooled analysis of case-control studies within the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project to estimate the association between leisure-time PA and the occurrence of GC.

Methods
Six case-control studies from StoP project collected data on leisure-time PA, for a total of 2,343 cases and 8,614 controls. Subjects were classified into three leisure-time PA categories, either none/low, intermediate or high, based on study-specific tertiles. We used a two-stage approach. Firstly, we applied multivariable logistic regression models to obtain study-specific odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) then, we used a random-effect models to obtain pooled effect estimates. We performed stratified analyses according to demographic, lifestyle and clinical covariates.

Results
The meta-analysis showed ORs of GC with no significant differences between intermediate vs low and high vs low PA level (OR 1.05 [95%CI 0.76–1.45]; OR 1.23 [95%CI 0.78–1.94], respectively). GC risk estimates did not strongly differ across strata of selected covariates except for age ≤ 55 years old (high vs low level: OR 0.72 [95%CI 0.55–0.94]) and for control population-based studies (high vs low level: OR 0.79 [95%CI 0.68–0.93]).

Conclusions
No association was found between leisure time PA and GC, apart from a slight suggestion of decreased risk below age 55 and in control population-based studies. These results may reflect specific characteristics of GC at a younger age, or the presence of a cohort effect mediating and interacting with socioeconomic determinants of GC The different distribution of PA levels among hospitalized controls could have led to an underestimated effect of PA on GC risk.
Associations between significant head injury in male juveniles in prison in Scotland UK and cognitive function, disability and crime: A cross sectional study
Authors: McMillan T. M. , McVean Julia , Aslam Hira , Barry Sarah J. E. 
Published: July 2023

Background
Although the prevalence of head injury is estimated to be high in juveniles in prison, the extent of persisting disability is unknown and relationships with offending uncertain. This limited understanding makes it difficult to develop effective management strategies and interventions to improve health or reduce recidivism. This study investigates effects of significant head injury (SHI) on cognitive function, disability and offending in juvenile prisoners, and considers relationships with common comorbidities.

Methods
This cross-sectional study recruited male juvenile prisoners in Scotland from Her Majesty’s Young Offenders Institute (HMYOI) Polmont (detaining approximately 305 of 310 male juveniles in prison in Scotland). To be included juveniles had to be 16 years or older, fluent in English, able to participate in assessment, provide informed consent and not have a severe acute disorder of cognition or communication. Head injury, cognition, disability, history of abuse, mental health and problematic substance use were assessed by interview and questionnaire.

Results
We recruited 103 (34%) of 305 juvenile males in HMYOI Polmont. The sample was demographically representative of juvenile males in prisons for young offenders in Scotland. SHI was found in 82/103 (80%) and head injury repeated over long periods of time in 69/82 (85%). Disability was associated with SHI in 11/82 (13%) and was significantly associated with mental health problems, particularly anxiety. Group differences on cognitive tests were not found. However the SHI group reported poorer behavioural control on the Dysexecutive Questionnaire and were more often reported for incidents in prison than those without SHI. Characteristics of offending, including violence, did not differ between groups.

Conclusions
Although SHI is highly prevalent in juvenile prisoners, associated disability was relatively uncommon. There was no evidence for differences in cognitive test performance or offending in juveniles with and without SHI. However, signs of poorer behavioural control and greater psychological distress in juveniles with SHI suggest that they may be at greater risk of recidivism and of potentially becoming lifelong offenders. This implies a need for remedial programmes for juvenile prisoners to take account of persisting effects of SHI on mental health and self-control and education and to improve their understanding of the effects of SHI reduce the likelihood of cumulative effects from further SHI.
Cochlear coverage with lateral wall cochlear implant electrode arrays affects post-operative speech recognition
Authors: Weller Tobias , Timm Max Eike , Lenarz Thomas , Büchner Andreas 
Published: July 2023

Objectives
The goal was to investigate the relationship between the insertion angle/cochlear coverage of cochlear implant electrode arrays and post-operative speech recognition scores in a large cohort of patients implanted with lateral wall electrode arrays.

Methods
Pre- and post-operative cone beam computed tomography scans of 154 ears implanted with lateral wall electrode arrays were evaluated. Traces of lateral wall and electrode arrays were combined into a virtual reconstruction of the implanted cochlea. This reconstruction was used to measure insertion angles and proportional cochlear coverage. Word recognition scores and sentence recognition scores measured 12 months after implantation using electric-only stimulation were used to examine the relationship between cochlear coverage/insertion angle and implantation outcomes.

Results
Post-operative word recognition scores and the difference between post- and pre-operative word recognition scores were positively correlated with both cochlear coverage and insertion angle, however sentence recognition scores were not. A group-wise comparison of word recognition scores revealed that patients with cochlear coverage below 70% performed significantly worse than patients with coverage between 79%-82% (p = 0.003). Performance of patients with coverage above 82% was on average poorer than between 79%-82, although this finding was not statistically significant (p = 0.84). Dividing the cohort into groups based on insertion angle quadrants revealed that word recognition scores were highest above 450° insertion angle, sentence recognition scores were highest between 450° and 630° and the difference between pre- and post-operative word recognition scores was largest between 540° and 630°, however none of these differences reached statistical significance.

Conclusions
The results of this study show that cochlear coverage has an effect on post-operative word recognition abilities and the benefit patients receive from their implant. Generally, higher coverage led to better outcomes, however there were results indicating that insertion past 82% cochlear coverage may not provide an additional benefit for word recognition. These findings can be useful for choosing the optimal electrode array and thereby improving cochlear implantation outcomes on a patient-individual basis.