bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Increased Antibody Titer COVID-19 after Astrazeneca Vaccination Based on the Age at UTA'45 Jakarta Vaccine Center
Authors: Lukas Stefanus , Ramatillah Diana Laila , Aldi Yufri , Wahyuni Fatma Sri , Khan Kashifullah 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Vaccine is an essential tool to limit the health of the COVID-19 pandemic. AstraZeneca vaccine already provided promising effectiveness data. Still, the study must check the correlation between vaccination and antibody titer.

Aim:
This study aims to evaluate antibody titer after AstraZeneca vaccination based on the age group.

Materials and Methods:
This study used a prospective cross-sectional method with convenience sampling. Inclusion criteria were all Indonesian citizens above 18 years old who were vaccinated at UTA'45 Jakarta Vaccine Center with no history of COVID-19 before the vaccination and had filled up the informed consent.

Results:
This study's total sample was 102 females; 51.90%, residents of Java Island; 91.17% had comorbidities; 50,98%, smokers; 9,80%, alcohol drinker; 9,80%, exercise; 80,39%, blood pressure; 128/73, SpO2: 97,82. Most participants aged around 30 years had a body mass index of 23.33. Age, comorbidity, smoking, alcohol, and exercise habit significantly correlate with the increase of the participants' antibodies (P < 0.001). The age shows that the younger the participant, the higher the titer antibody 2 will be (P = 0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.935, −0.694). The exercise shows that the participant with the routine practice will have a higher titer antibody 2 (P = 0.002, 95% CI, 12.016, 51.791). Antibody titer for participants younger than 35 years old increased 5.7 times while for participants between 35 and 45 years old was 3.9 times. Another group (>45–55 years old) has shown an improvement in antibody titer at 1.7 times, but the last group (>55 years old) described an increase in antibody titer at 232.3 times.

Conclusions:
Age, comorbidity, smoking, alcohol, and exercise contributed to the increase in titer antibody 2 value of the AstraZeneca vaccine participants. Participants in the age group <35 years have an excellent immune system.
Echocardiographic nomograms and Z-scores for term Indian neonates
Authors: Singh Vatsal , Satheesh Santhosh , Ganapathy Sachit , Nair Narayana-Pillai Sreekumaran , Mondal Nivedita , Selvaraj Raja , Mishra Neeraj , Anantharaj Avinash 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The availability of nomograms is crucial for the correct interpretation of pediatric and neonatal echocardiograms. Echocardiographic Z-score applications/websites use Western nomograms as reference, which may not be an appropriate standard for gauging Indian neonates. Currently available Indian pediatric nomograms either have not included neonates or have not been specifically designed for neonates. This gross underrepresentation of neonates renders available nomograms unreliable for use as standards for comparison.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to collect normative data for the measurement of various cardiac structures using M-Mode and two-dimensional (2D) echo in healthy Indian neonates and to derive Z-scores for each measured parameter.

Methods:
Echocardiograms were performed on healthy term neonates (within first 5 days of life). Birth weight and length were recorded, and body surface area was calculated using Haycock’s formula. Twenty M-mode and 2D-echo parameters were measured (including left ventricular dimensions, atrioventricular valves, and semilunar valves’ annuli sizes, pulmonary artery and branches, aortic root, and arch).

Results:
We studied 142 neonates (73 males) with a mean age of 1.83 ± 1.12 days and mean birth weight of 2.89 ± 0.39 Kg. Regression equations with linear, logarithmic, exponential and square root models were tested to select the best model of fit for the relationship between birth weight and each echocardiographic parameter. Scatter plots and nomogram charts with Z-scores were prepared for each echocardiographic parameter.

Conclusions:
Our study provides nomograms with Z-scores for term Indian neonates weighing between 2 kg and 4 kg at birth, within first 5 days of life, for a set of echocardiographic parameters that are frequently used in clinical practice. This nomogram has poor predictability for babies at extremes of birth weight. There is a need for further indigenous studies to include neonates at extremes of weight, both term, and preterm.
Synergistic effect of honey in combination with silver nanoparticles on isolated pathogens from urinary tract infection
Authors: Guruvu Neeraja R. , Gayathri Kondala V. , Lakshmi Lalitha D. , Simhachalam Kutikuppala L.V. , Vegi Pradeep K. 
Published: April 2023

Background
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most prevalent bacterial infections, affecting 150 million people worldwide each year. UTIs can be caused by a variety of pathogens, but Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis are the most frequent culprits. The growth and development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria are currently a major worry for the international health community. Looking for a treatment substitute could be effective in tackling this issue. The honey has a low pH (mean 4.4) value, which makes it unfavorable for bacterial growth; undiluted honey combination with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) shows synergistic antimicrobial effect and helps lessen infection.

Aim
This study was undertaken to find out the effectiveness of honey containing AgNPs in the antibacterial activity of isolated urine pathogens.

Patients and methods
A total of 30 patients with UTI were included through purposive sampling technique, and urine samples were collected from them. A semiquantitative approach was used to cultivate specimens of urine on MacConkey agar and blood agar. After 24 h of incubation, bacterial growth was seen on the plates. Then, colonies were counted and the number of microorganisms per milliliter in the original material was calculated by multiplying the number of CFUs by 1000.

Results
A total of 10 bacterial isolates were found in the 30 urine samples, and biochemical studies showed that these isolates were from three different species. The most common strain of E. coli represented 82%, followed by P. aeruginosa (12%) and P. mirabilis (6%). In all three organisms examined with undiluted honey mixed with AgNPs, the zone of inhibition was more pronounced when compared with only honey, AgNPs, and diluted honey mixed with AgNPs.

Conclusion
The results of the current investigation showed that multifloral honey combined with AgNPs was effective against urinary infections.
The effect of ascorbic acid on histopathological, biochemical, pharmacological, and immunological toxicity of chronic lead acetate exposure on the spleen in a rat model
Authors: Ahmed Radwa M. , Mwaheb Marwa A. , Elmahdi Mohamed H. , Khamiss Abd Elguaad Mohamed M. , Eldosoki Doaa E. , Mohamed Esam A. , Helal Ayman , Gaber Sylvana N. 
Published: April 2023

Objective
To evaluate the effect of vitamin C on histopathological, biochemical, and immunotoxicity of chronic lead exposure in the spleen of a rat model.

Methods
The rats were divided into five groups of 10 rats each: group I received normal saline orally as a control group; groups II and III received lead acetate for 4 and 8 weeks, respectively; and groups IV and V received lead acetate and vitamin C for 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. The spleen was excised and processed for light, electron microscopic, histopathological, and biochemical analyses. Quantitative assessments of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expressions were performed by real-time PCR.

Results
The examination of control and vitamin C with lead acetate supplemented groups revealed normal splenic architecture. In contrast, the spleen of lead-intoxicated groups exhibited degenerative changes in the spleen, with a significantly decreased expression of IL-2, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and hemoglobin (P<0.05), with significantly increased proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) expressions, concomitantly with increased oxidative products (malondialdehyde) and protease enzymes (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in the spleen tissues. The coadministration of vitamin C with lead for 4 weeks markedly resolved these changes.

Conclusion
This study may specify the efficiency of vitamin C in lead toxicity prevention in the spleen, represented by the reduced splenic harmful changes produced by lead administration.
Pacemaker Implantation in the Pediatric Population: Bosnian and Herzegovinian Experience
Authors: Begic Zijo , Begic Nedim , Granov Nermir , Vila Haris , Berberovic-Hukeljic Behija , Begic Edin , Rebic Damir 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
The development of pediatric arrhythmology, as a segment of pediatric cardiology, is conditioned by surgical correction of congenital heart diseases (CHD). The beginning of pediatric cardiosurgery is also the time of pacemaker implantation. The aim of this article is to present indications and results of pacemaker implantation in children in our conditions from April 1997 to April 2020 in the Clinical Center University of Sarajevo (CCUS).

Patients and Methods:
The article is descriptive and includes the period from April 1997 to April 2020. The data were extracted from the official medical documentation of patients hospitalized at the Paediatric Clinic, CCUS (protocol of operated CHD in children, register of continuous electrocardiogram [ECG] Holter monitoring, register of implanted pacemakers in children).

Results:
During this period, 46 pacemakers were implanted, 29 (63%) in male patients, of which 13 (28%) were due to congenital atrioventricular (AV) block, and 33 (71.7%) were mostly in children with a postoperative block. Postoperative block occurred in 28 children (84.8%). Given that 771 children with CHD were operated on in the same period, a complication of postoperative complete heart block arose in 3.6% of children, which had to be tackled immediately after surgery in seven patients (21.2%), and later in 26 patients (78.8%). In regard to the age of pacemaker implantation, the interval was between 7 days and 18 years. The local team implanted 37 (80.4%) pacemakers. Reimplantation was done in four patients (8.7%). In April 2020, we followed 42 patients, four of whom died (three after surgery and one child due to congenital heart block). With the help of continuous ECG Holter monitoring (5,839 registrations and analysis), we recognized second- or third-degree or high-degree AV block, which was the indication for pacemaker implantation in 8.2% of all performed ECG Holter monitorings, with a respective indication for control of implanted pacemaker in 3.2% of ECG Holters.

Conclusion:
Children with implanted pacemakers require close monitoring, frequent medical examinations, recognition of the right time for generator exchange, as well as reimplantation of the pacemaker. This can be achieved principally with the help of continuous ECG Holter monitoring, with an adequately developed pediatric cardiology/cardiosurgery.
Comprehensive Dataset Building and Recognition of Isolated Handwritten Kannada Characters Using Machine Learning Models
Authors: Hebbi Chandravva , Mamatha H.R. 
Published: April 2023

In this work, an attempt is made to build a dataset for handwritten Kannada characters and also to recognize the isolated Kannada vowels, consonants, modifiers, and ottaksharas. The dataset is collected from 500 writers of varying ages, gender, qualification, and profession. This dataset will be used to recognize the handwritten kagunitas, ottaksharas, and other base characters, where the existing works have addressed very less on the recognition of kagunitas and ottaksharas. There are no datasets for the same. Hence, a dataset for handwritten 85 characters is built using an unsupervised machine learning technique, that is, K-means hierarchical clustering with run length count features. An accuracy of 80% was achieved with the unsupervised method. The dataset consists of 130,981 samples for 85 classes; these classes are further divided into upper, lower, and middle zones based on the position of the character in the dialect. After the dataset was built, support vector machine model with histogram of oriented gradients features was used for recognition and an accuracy of 99.0%, 88.6%, and 92.2% was obtained for the upper, middle, and lower zones, respectively, to increase the recognition rate, the convolutional neural network model is fine-tuned with raw input, and an accuracy of 100%, 96.15%, and 95.38% was obtained for the upper, middle, and lower zones, respectively. With the ResNet18 model, an accuracy of 99.88%, 98.92, and 97.55% was obtained for each of the zones, respectively. The dataset will be made available online for the researchers to carry out their research on handwritten characters, kagunitas, and word recognition with segmentation.

Received: 2 January 2023 | Revised: 17 March 2023 | Accepted: 22 March 2023

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
ОСВЕДОМЛЕННОСТЬ ВРАЧЕЙ О ЖИРОВОМ ГЕПАТОЗЕ
Authors: Садыкова Алтынай , Токтогулова Нургуль , Тобокалова Сапарбу , Кадырбердиева Мээржан , Маматова Сабира 
Published: April 2023

Статья содержит сообщение об осведомленности врачей о жировом гепатозе среди населения. Объектами исследования было анкетирование врачей для оценки осведомленности врачей о НАЖБП с 15 ноября по 25 ноября 2022 г.
Установлено, что у многих пациентов с метаболическим синдромом имеется жировая дистрофия гепатоцитов, а у половины обнаруживается стеатогепатит. Для достоверной оценки теоретической базы об НАЖБП участие врачей было добровольным и анонимным. Были опрошены 40 врачей из города Бишкек и 40 врачей из города Ош. Респонденты самостоятельно заполняли анкеты без участия интервьюера, каждому респонденту были заданы по 15 вопросов, касающихся их знаний о жировом гепатозе. После опроса проведен анализ анкетирования.
Groengasprojecten: energietransitie in ruraal Nederland?
Authors: Sanders Maurits , Hoppe Thomas 
Published: April 2023

The challenge of green gas production in the Netherlands; a stakeholder analysis
‘Green gas’ is a sustainable alternative to natural gas. It is produced by converting biomass into biogas, which can consequently be upgraded to natural gas standards. Expectations about green gas are high. According to the long term vision of Netbeheer Nederland, the representative association of gas grid operators, green gas will entail 50 percent of the domestic gas mixture by 2050. In line with this vision national government has adopted a green gas innovation support program. Production of green gas takes place in rural areas with abundant supply of organic production resources, especially manure. It is in demonstration projects that green gas niche development is to be proven. In this paper the central question is how green gas demonstration projects manifest at the local level. By conducting a stakeholder analysis, we take a ‘bottom-up’ research approach, which helps us to identify organizational and institutional barriers key local stakeholders have in relation to green gas demonstration projects. We judge this necessary to further understanding in green gas niche development. The results of the analysis are used to advice policymakers about design and use of policy instruments which can help to solve these barriers.
Vakmanschap in uitvoering
Authors: Hupe Peter 
Published: April 2023

Craftspersonship in operational governance: Street-level bureaucrats as professionals in public service
Street-level bureaucracy as a term was coined by Michael Lipsky, an American political scientist, who launched it in a conference paper presented in 1969. The aggregate phenomenon the term refers to concerns a particular but broad segment of the public and semi-public sector where certain occupations, such as teaching, social work and policing, imply direct contact with individual citizens. Lipsky’s book (1980/2010) became a classic in Public Administration. Since its publication, street-level bureaucracy as an object of academic study has evolved into a scholarly theme of its own. In the study of street-level bureaucracy as now practised by an expanding worldwide community of researchers, applying rules and policy implementation have been joined by a range of other conceptualisations. In research on what happens in the interactions between public officials and individual citizens the focus has shifted more and more towards motivational aspects; links with social psychology have been made. In response, a plea for an ‘institutional (turn or return’ is evident, taking the context of the public encounter into account while making the empirical study of street-level bureaucracy more comparative.
Leren kijken door het oog van de burger: goed gezien!
Authors: Koppenjan Joop 
Published: April 2023

Learning to look through the eyes of the citizen: well seen!
In this discussion of Nanke Verloo’s Van Slingerlandt speech, Joop Koppenjan endorses her plea for a government and Public Administration with more feeling for how citizens experience their interactions with government on so called critical moments is endorsed. He raises questions regarding her positioning outside the mainstream of Public Administration, her lack of distance towards the interest and intentions of citizens, the emphasis on communication instead of performance, and the difficulty to upscale insights and lessons brought forward by an ethnographic approach.
Eliminating School Fees in Low-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Morgan Claire , Petrosino Anthony , Fronius Trevor 
Published: April 2023

This article discusses a systematic review of studies of interventions in low-income developing countries that evaluated the elimination of school user fees (including tuition, uniforms, textbooks and other contributions). Only five rigorous empirical studies were identified that evaluate a school fees elimination program. Overall, the 36 empirical and descriptive studies identified show positive enrollment and persistence outcomes for fees elimination, although some indicate accompanying tradeoffs in education quality. The review highlights the need for more rigorous and longitudinal empirical research regarding the effects of various types of school fees elimination policies in low-income developing nations—particularly on the effectiveness of targeting policies to the most vulnerable groups, effects on education quality, and the extent to which fees abolition policies can be sustainable.
Seeking Culturally Safe Developmental Evaluation: Supporting the Shift in Services for Indigenous Children
Authors: Blanchet-Cohen Natasha , Geoffroy Pascale , Luz Marina Hoyos Luz 
Published: April 2023

Background: Evaluation methods based on western frameworks that disregard Indigenous peoples’ worldviews and are imposed and implemented by outsiders are problematic for Indigenous communities.
Purpose: The article presents the experience of using developmental evaluation (DE) in supporting a shift in pre- and post-natal care programming for Indigenous mothers and their young children.
Setting: Indigenous peoples living in urban areas in Quebec often feel unwelcome mainstream services, resulting in under-use. A history of colonization in Canada has resulted in a loss of Indigenous child-rearing practices
Intervention: The study was carried out in the context of a three-year initiative aimed at strengthening the abilities of pregnant women, mothers, fathers, extended family, community, and practitioners to create conditions for the holistic development of themselves and their children. The goal was to create new knowledge through activities focused on promoting perinatal care and psychosocial adaptability. Cultural safety, an ecosystemic view of child development, and social innovation guided the approach to the intervention.
Research Design: A case study approach was used to make sense of and describe the “how to” of the DE.
Data Collection and Analysis: Multiple methods of data collection informed the case study, including observation, field notes, interviews, and participatory evaluation activities.
Findings: The article sheds light on DE as a culturally safe and participatory practice that is compatible with Indigenous perspectives and contributes to supporting the transformation in services provided to Indigenous communities. We present building relationships, creating safe spaces for reflection and dialogue, questioning fundamentals, and co-creation as critical components of culturally safe DE, enabling development and a paradigm shift.
The Birth and Adaptation of Evaluation Theories
Authors: Alkin Marvin C. , Patton Michael Q. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Evaluation theories as we know them are prescriptions by prominent evaluators about what they believe to be an appropriate way to conduct evaluations. How do these prescriptions come about? In this paper we examine the various influences on the creation and subsequent modification of these prescribed evaluation theories. Inquiry into evaluation theories has a long history. What is new is inquiry into the evolution of theories.This makes theory formulation dynamic rather than static. Influences identified by Alkin in a National Society for the Study of Education yearbook (1989) serve as an initial guide to this inquiry. An examination of Michael Q. Patton's writings and shaping experiences provides further case study insights about the evolution of his utilization-focused evaluation theory and its offshoots.
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to gain further understanding about the way in which evaluation theories are developed, evolve, and take new directions, and the influences that shape the theorists' understandings and prescriptions.
Setting: Interview discussion with Michael Q. Patton and synthesis of interview data.
Intervention: Not applicable.
Research design: Not applicable.
Data collection & analysis: Not applicable.
Findings: Factors that have influenced Michael Q. Patton’s initial theory development as well as subsequent modifications, adaptations, and offshoots offer insights into the connection between personal history and professional perspective. Specifically, these factors were: early personal experiences, professional training, interaction with professional colleagues, field evaluation experiences, interaction with non-evaluation academic colleagues and research conducted by Patton.
Keywords: evaluation theory; theory; utilization-focused evaluation; developmental evaluation; principles-focused evaluation.