bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Floral enhancement of arable field margins increases moth abundance and diversity
Authors: Blumgart Dan , Botham Marc S. , Menéndez Rosa , Bell James R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMoth populations have declined across large parts of north-western Europe since the mid-20th century due, in part, to agricultural intensification. Agri-environment schemes (AES) are widely implemented across Europe to protect biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Grass field margins enriched with wildflowers typically out-perform grass-only margins in terms of increasing insect abundance and diversity. However, the effect of wildflower enrichment on moths remains largely unstudied. Here, the relative importance of larval hostplants and nectar resources for adult moths within AES field margins are investigated. Two treatments and a control were compared: (i) a plain grass mix, the control, (ii) a grass mix enriched with only moth-pollinated flowers, and (iii) a grass mix enriched with 13 wildflower species. Abundance, species richness and Shannon diversity were up to 1.4, 1.8 and 3.5 times higher, respectively, in the wildflower treatment compared to plain grass. The difference in diversity between treatments became greater in the second year. There was no difference in total abundance, richness or diversity between the plain grass treatment and grass enriched with moth-pollinated flowers. The increase in abundance and diversity in the wildflower treatment was due primarily to the provision of larval hostplants, with nectar provision playing a smaller role. The relative abundance of species whose larval hostplants included sown wildflowers increased in the second year, suggesting colonisation of the new habitat.Implications for insect conservation.We show that, at the farm scale, moth diversity can be greatly enhanced and abundance moderately enhanced by sowing diverse wildflower margins, providing these insects with both larval hostplants and floral resources, compared to grass-only margins.
Towards a hermeneutics of the postmodern transnational space: the case of contemporary Australian literature
Authors: Redondo-Olmedilla José-Carlos 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe work analyses the “spatial turn” in recent Australian literature, which has led to a new transnational orientation in many contemporary Australian narratives. To do so, it frames literary production in terms of spatial cognition and analyses spatiality and cognition as presented by several scholars in several realms. This theoretical introduction is followed by a more practical examination of recent Australian literary works and changes. Their features show that they are moving ahead of the postcolonial label and influence into a less ideologised position. They are in tune with the new deterritorialisation of the world, and the critical cognitive approach can provide insightful realisations bridging the gap between the actual world and its fictional representation. Finally, these examples and appreciations of the transnational are returned to theoretical ground to demonstrate that space and place, with their variants, are not only useful to (cognitive) literary studies, but to any socio-cultural approach. One of the key uses in this spatial turn towards the transnational lies in the apprehension of space-place as a pathway. It also speaks to the mobility of Australian society and its cultural productions.
Implementing Mailed Colorectal Cancer Fecal Screening Tests in Real-World Primary Care Settings: Promising Implementation Practices and Opportunities for Improvement
Authors: Hohl Sarah D. , Maxwell Annette E. , Sharma Krishna P. , Sun Juzhong , Vu Thuy T. , DeGroff Amy , Escoffery Cam , Schlueter Dara , Hannon Peggy A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) screening reduces morbidity and mortality, but screening rates in the USA remain suboptimal. The Colorectal Cancer Control Program (CRCCP) was established in 2009 to increase screening among groups disproportionately affected. The CRCCP utilizes implementation science to support health system change as a strategy to reduce disparities in CRC screening by directing resources to primary care clinics to implement evidence-based interventions (EBIs) proven to increase CRC screening. As COVID-19 continues to impede in-person healthcare visits and compel the unpredictable redirection of clinic priorities, understanding clinics’ adoption and implementation of EBIs into routine care is crucial. Mailed fecal testing is an evidence-based screening approach that offers an alternative to in-person screening tests and represents a promising approach to reduce CRC screening disparities. However, little is known about how mailed fecal testing is implemented in real-world settings. In this retrospective, cross-sectional analysis, we assessed practices around mailed fecal testing implementation in 185 clinics across 62 US health systems. We sought to (1) determine whether clinics that do and do not implement mailed fecal testing differ with respect to characteristics (e.g., type, location, and proportion of uninsured patients) and (2) identify implementation practices among clinics that offer mailed fecal testing. Our findings revealed that over half (58%) of clinics implemented mailed fecal testing. These clinics were more likely to have a CRC screening policy than clinics that did not implement mailed fecal testing (p = 0.007) and to serve a larger patient population (p = 0.004), but less likely to have a large proportion of uninsured patients (p = 0.01). Clinics that implemented mailed fecal testing offered it in combination with EBIs, including patient reminders (92%), provider reminders (94%), and other activities to reduce structural barriers (95%). However, fewer clinics reported having the leadership support (58%) or funding stability (29%) to sustain mailed fecal testing. Mailed fecal testing was widely implemented alongside other EBIs in primary care clinics participating in the CRCCP, but multiple opportunities for enhancing its implementation exist. These include increasing the proportion of community health centers/federally qualified health centers offering mailed screening; increasing the proportion that provide pre-paid return mail supplies with the screening kit; increasing the proportion of clinics monitoring both screening kit distribution and return; ensuring patients with abnormal tests can obtain colonoscopy; and increasing sustainability planning and support.
Prevalence and Causes of Diagnostic Errors in Hospitalized Patients Under Investigation for COVID-19
Authors: Auerbach Andrew D. , Astik Gopi J. , O’Leary Kevin J. , Barish Peter N. , Kantor Molly A. , Raffel Katie R. , Ranji Sumant R. , Mueller Stephanie K. , Burney Sharran N. , Galinsky Janice , Gershanik Esteban F. , Goyal Abhishek , Chitneni Pooja R. , Rastegar Sarah , Esmaili Armond M. , Fenton Cynthia , Virapongse Anunta , Ngov Li-Kheng , Burden Marisha , Keniston Angela , Patel Hemali , Gupta Ashwin B. , Rohde Jeff , Marr Ruby , Greysen S. Ryan , Fang Michele , Shah Pranav , Mao Frances , Kaiksow Farah , Sterken David , Choi Justin J. , Contractor Jigar , Karwa Abhishek , Chia David , Lee Tiffany , Hubbard Colin C. , Maselli Judith , Dalal Anuj K. , Schnipper Jeffrey L. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic required clinicians to care for a disease with evolving characteristics while also adhering to care changes (e.g., physical distancing practices) that might lead to diagnostic errors (DEs).

Objective
To determine the frequency of DEs and their causes among patients hospitalized under investigation (PUI) for COVID-19.

Design
Retrospective cohort.

Setting
Eight medical centers affiliated with the Hospital Medicine ReEngineering Network (HOMERuN).

Target population
Adults hospitalized under investigation (PUI) for COVID-19 infection between February and July 2020.

Measurements
We randomly selected up to 8 cases per site per month for review, with each case reviewed by two clinicians to determine whether a DE (defined as a missed or delayed diagnosis) occurred, and whether any diagnostic process faults took place. We used bivariable statistics to compare patients with and without DE and multivariable models to determine which process faults or patient factors were associated with DEs.

Results
Two hundred and fifty-seven patient charts underwent review, of which 36 (14%) had a diagnostic error. Patients with and without DE were statistically similar in terms of socioeconomic factors, comorbidities, risk factors for COVID-19, and COVID-19 test turnaround time and eventual positivity. Most common diagnostic process faults contributing to DE were problems with clinical assessment, testing choices, history taking, and physical examination (all p < 0.01). Diagnostic process faults associated with policies and procedures related to COVID-19 were not associated with DE risk. Fourteen patients (35.9% of patients with errors and 5.4% overall) suffered harm or death due to diagnostic error.

Limitations
Results are limited by available documentation and do not capture communication between providers and patients.

Conclusion
Among PUI patients, DEs were common and not associated with pandemic-related care changes, suggesting the importance of more general diagnostic process gaps in error propagation.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Ni-Based Superalloy Thin Film Investigated by Micropillar Compression
Authors: Kalchev Y. , Zehl R. , Piotrowiak T. , Kostka A. , Naujoks D. , Pfetzing-Micklich J. , Ludwig A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The microstructure and local micromechanical properties of a Ni-based superalloy thin film produced by magnetron sputtering using ERBO/1 sputter targets were investigated. The thin film consists of columnar nanograins (an average size of ~ 45 nm) with mostly < 111 > orientation. Inside the nanograins, very fine nanotwins with an average thickness of ~ 3 nm are present. In-situ micropillar compression tests, complemented by nanoindentation, were conducted to evaluate the mechanical characteristics. The microhardness and Young’s modulus of the thin film correspond to ~ 11 and 255 GPa, respectively, the critical strength to ~ 4 GPa. The plastic deformation of the micropillars occurs through the formation of a shear band initiating at the top of the pillar. Inside the shear band, globular grains with random orientation form during the deformation process, while the regions near to the shear band remained unaffected.
New Solder Based on the Sn-Zn Eutectic with Addition of Ag, Al, and Li
Authors: Dybeł Aleksandra , Pstruś Janusz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNew solder, based on Sn-Zn, with the addition of 1 at.% Ag, 1 at.% Al, and 0.5 at.% Li (SZAAL) was prepared. The influence of alloying elements on mechanical and electrical properties, microstructure, and melting point was investigated. The tensile test showed enhanced mechanical properties of SZAAL alloy compared to Sn-Zn eutectic and Sn-Zn-Ag. Investigated Al and Li additions improve the mechanical properties of the alloy, tensile strength and solder plasticity. Another positive effect is that those elements caused a decrease in the melting point, compared to Sn-Zn with 1 at.% Ag. Microstructural investigation revealed a fine Sn-Zn eutectic structure with the present epsilon phase (AgZn3). The addition of lithium and silver decreased the coefficient of linear expansion of the tested alloys. Li addition reduced significantly both the surface and interfacial tension, which translates into improved solder wettability. The surface tension of all solders decreased with temperature, but the interfacial tension increased with temperature. That is due to the weakening effect of the flux. Thus, the soldering temperature in the presence of the ALU33® flux should not exceed 250 °C.
AI Moral Enhancement: Upgrading the Socio-Technical System of Moral Engagement
Authors: Volkman Richard , Gabriels Katleen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSeveral proposals for moral enhancement would use AI to augment (auxiliary enhancement) or even supplant (exhaustive enhancement) human moral reasoning or judgment. Exhaustive enhancement proposals conceive AI as some self-contained oracle whose superiority to our own moral abilities is manifest in its ability to reliably deliver the ‘right’ answers to all our moral problems. We think this is a mistaken way to frame the project, as it presumes that we already know many things that we are still in the process of working out, and reflecting on this fact reveals challenges even for auxiliary proposals that eschew the oracular approach. We argue there is nonetheless a substantial role that ‘AI mentors’ could play in our moral education and training. Expanding on the idea of an AI Socratic Interlocutor, we propose a modular system of multiple AI interlocutors with their own distinct points of view reflecting their training in a diversity of concrete wisdom traditions. This approach minimizes any risk of moral disengagement, while the existence of multiple modules from a diversity of traditions ensures pluralism is preserved. We conclude with reflections on how all this relates to the broader notion of moral transcendence implicated in the project of AI moral enhancement, contending it is precisely the whole concrete socio-technical system of moral engagement that we need to model if we are to pursue moral enhancement.
Machine Ethics: Do Androids Dream of Being Good People?
Authors: Génova Gonzalo , Moreno Valentín , González M. Rosario 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIs ethics a computable function? Can machines learn ethics like humans do? If teaching consists in no more than programming, training, indoctrinating… and if ethics is merely following a code of conduct, then yes, we can teach ethics to algorithmic machines. But if ethics is not merely about following a code of conduct or about imitating the behavior of others, then an approach based on computing outcomes, and on the reduction of ethics to the compilation and application of a set of rules, either a priori or learned, misses the point. Our intention is not to solve the technical problem of machine ethics, but to learn something about human ethics, and its rationality, by reflecting on the ethics that can and should be implemented in machines. Any machine ethics implementation will have to face a number of fundamental or conceptual problems, which in the end refer to philosophical questions, such as: what is a human being (or more generally, what is a worthy being); what is human intentional acting; and how are intentional actions and their consequences morally evaluated. We are convinced that a proper understanding of ethical issues in AI can teach us something valuable about ourselves, and what it means to lead a free and responsible ethical life, that is, being good people beyond merely “following a moral code”. In the end we believe that rationality must be seen to involve more than just computing, and that value rationality is beyond numbers. Such an understanding is a required step to recovering a renewed rationality of ethics, one that is urgently needed in our highly technified society.
Understanding antecedents of active product recommendations behaviour in online social networking communities
Authors: Xu Yan , Chen Linmin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe intention to promote voluntary product recommendation by individuals in the community during online social contact has aroused more and more interest. At present, in a network community composed of consumers, the reasons for personal active product recommendation by consumers are not obvious. In order to further explore the personal active product recommendation behaviour in the community during online social contact and the key factors that influence this behaviour, we have developed a model that, based on the Cognitive Emotion Theory, examines the reciprocal relationships in the community environment and the emotional impact of community homogeneity on the sense of community belonging and community receptivity, which ultimately influences the subsequent active product recommendation behaviour of individuals. The SEM-PLS technique was used to analyse the data collected from a questionnaire survey of 480 WeChat community users. The results of the study show that good community reciprocity and homogeneity have a positive impact on a sense of community belonging and receptivity, and these factors in turn have a positive impact on active product recommendation behaviour. The implications of these findings for both theory and practice are discussed, including the importance of fostering positive reciprocity and homogeneity in online communities to increase individuals’ active product recommendation behaviour. The findings provide insights for online community administrators on how to foster a sense of community belonging and receptivity, which can ultimately lead to a more active and engaged community.
Quantitative characterization of igneous rock thermal effect on sandstone reservoir reconstruction based on heat conduction
Authors: Wu Chun-xin , Liu Ying-xian , Yuan Jian-wei , Wang Shao-peng , Zhang Bo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe X oilfield is the first sandstone reservoir under the influence of igneous rock, which is discovered and put into development in Bohai Sea. Compared with the conventional sandstone reservoir, the oilfield is affected by magmatic activity, the reservoir heterogeneity is serious and the micro pore structure is complex, which results in the poor correlation between mobility calculated by traditional methods and specific oil production index. In order to predict oil well productivity and guide oilfield well location deployment, the quantitative transformation of sandstone reservoir affected by igneous rock is studied in this paper. According to the distribution mode of igneous rock in the reservoir, a permeability model of quantitative characterization for sandstone reservoir permeability is established, in which the influences of heat conduction, reservoir skeleton deformation and stress sensitivity are considered, and then the igneous rock influence on the ground temperature field of surrounding rock is simulated by ANSYS software. According to the relationship between porosity and permeability, the quantitative transformation effect of igneous rock thermal effect on sandstone reservoir is quantitatively characterized. The reservoir temperature field variation law, different baking types and igneous rock thickness influence on the transformation degree of sandstone reservoir are analyzed. Finally, the X oilfield is taken as an example to verify the research method, and the second batch of wells location deployment is successfully guided. The results show that the thermal effect of igneous rock reduces the permeability of reservoir, and the temperature of reservoir increases first and then decreases with time, the rising speed is faster than the falling speed, with the increase in distance from igneous rock, the maximum temperature of reservoir shows a downward trend, in the case of baking on both sides, the heat of igneous rock is greater, which makes the temperature of surrounding reservoir rise more, and the transformation effect on reservoir is more obvious. The influence range of igneous rock thickness on permeability is basically the same, but with the increase in thickness, igneous rock has a greater influence on surrounding rock. The research example of the X oilfield shows that the existence of igneous rock reduces the reservoir physical properties of development wells by 1.2–5.9 times. The correlation between igneous rock physical properties and specific oil production index corrected by this method can reach 0.9478. By avoiding igneous rock, the comparative production of the second batch of development wells is 1.5 times that of the first batch of development wells.
Dosimetric evaluation of an intraoperative radiotherapy system: a measurement-based and Monte-Carlo modelling investigation
Authors: Chin Marsha , Rowshanfarzad Pejman , Neveri Gabor , Ebert Martin A. , Pfefferlé David 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is a specialised subset of radiotherapy, where a high radiation dose is delivered to a surgically exposed tumour bed in order to eradicate any remaining cancer cells. The aim of this study was to examine the dose characteristics of the Zeiss Intrabeam IORT device which provides near-isotropic emission of up to 50 kV X-rays. The EGSnrc Monte Carlo (MC) code system was used to simulate the device and percentage depth dose (PDD) data measured with a soft X-ray parallel-plate ionisation chamber were used for model verification. The model provided energy spectra, isodose curves and mean photon energies. In addition, EBT3 Gafchromic film was used to verify the MC model by examining PDDs and 2D dose distributions for various applicators. The differences between MC model and ionisation chamber measurements were within 3% for most points, with a maximum deviation of ~ 9%. Most of the simulated PDD points were within 5% of the film-measured data, with a maximum deviation of ~ 10%. The mean energy of the bare probe was found to be 21.19 keV. The mean photon energy from applicators ranged from 29.00 to 30.85 keV. Results of this study may be useful for future work on creating a system for treatment planning.
RCN2 promotes Nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by curbing Calcium flow and Mitochondrial apoptosis
Authors: Yao Hui , Zhang Siyu , Xie Haijing , Fan Yue , Miao Mengyu , Zhu Rui , Yuan Ling , Gu Miao , You Yiwen , You Bo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveEvidence suggests that calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can be induced to cause calcium overload, which in turn can trigger mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. Dysregulation of systemic calcium homeostasis and changing levels of calcium-binding proteins have been shown to be associated with the malignant behavior of tumors. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains uncertain.MethodsReticulocalbin (RCN2) expression in NPC was assessed using GEO database, western blot analysis and qRT-PCR. Apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometric analysis and the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins were determined using western blot analysis. Intracellular calcium ion concentrations were measured using fluorescence imaging. The findings from these analyses were validated in vitro using nude mice models. Luciferase and ChIP assays were used to measure transcriptional regulation. Clinical significance was evaluated using tissue microarray analysis (n=150).ResultsOur results showed that RCN2 promotes malignancy by causing Ca2+ flow imbalance, which leads to the initiation of the stress-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. We demonstrate that calreticulin (CALR) resides primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum and interacts with RCN2. Moreover, the transcription factors YY1 and homeobox protein goosecoid (GSC) both contribute to the initiation of RCN2 transcription by directly binding to the predicted promoter region of RCN2. Finally, high expression of RCN2 combined with high expression of GSC and YY1 may serve as an important clinical biomarker of poor prognosis in patients with NPC.ConclusionYY1 and GSC are upstream regulators of RCN2, involved in mitochondrial calcium overload and stress-induced mitochondrial apoptosis. Thus, they can play significant role in the malignant development of NPCs.