bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synchronous Neoplasia Rates at Colonoscopic Diagnosis of Early-Onset vs Average-Onset Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Emiloju Oluwadunni E. , Saberzadeh-Ardestani Bahar , Sinicrope Frank A. 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceThe incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) (age, &amp;lt;50 years) continues to increase globally within high-income countries.ObjectiveTo examine and compare rates of synchronous neoplasia found in patients at colonoscopic diagnosis of early-onset CRC with rates found at diagnosis of average-onset CRC.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this multisite retrospective and cross-sectional study conducted at Mayo Clinic sites and in the Mayo Clinic Health System from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2022, 150 randomly selected patients with early-onset CRC were identified from the electronic health record and matched with 150 patients with average-onset CRC based on sex and colonoscopic indication. Patients with known hereditary syndromes, past history of CRC, or inflammatory bowel disease were excluded.Main Outcomes and MeasuresColonoscopic findings (polyp size, number, site) and related histopathologic findings (adenoma, advanced adenoma, sessile serrated polyp) were analyzed in association with cancer clinicopathologic features and molecular data (mismatch repair status, KRAS, and BRAFV600E).ResultsAmong 300 patients (156 men [52%]), the median age at diagnosis was 43 years (IQR, 39-47 years) for those with early-onset CRC and 67 years (IQR, 57-76) for those with average-onset CRC. Overall, 85% of patients were symptomatic at CRC diagnosis. Cancer stage, grade, molecular features, body mass index, and family history did not differ significantly between these groups. Among patients with colon cancer, the overall prevalence of synchronous neoplasia was similar, yet advanced adenomas were 3 times more frequent in those with early-onset vs average-onset cancers (31 of 75 [41%] vs 10 of 75 [13%]; P &amp;lt; .001). This difference was not associated with cancer stage or primary location. Among patients with rectal cancer, nonadvanced adenomas were less frequent among the early-onset group than the average-onset group (21 of 75 [28%] vs 36 of 75 [48%]), and although the prevalence of advanced adenomas was similar (11 of 75 [15%] vs 14 of 75 [19%]), they were more commonly located in the rectum (early onset, 5 of 11 [45%] vs average onset, 1 of 14 [7%]). Patients with early-onset cancer of the colon were significantly more likely than those with early-onset cancer of the rectum to have a synchronous advanced adenoma (31 of 75 [41%] vs 11 of 75 [15%]; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, synchronous advanced adenomas were more commonly found in patients with early-onset colon cancer compared with average-onset colon cancer, and they were distributed throughout the colon. In contrast, advanced adenomas were not increased in patients with rectal cancer and, when detected, were predominantly located in the rectum.
Unraveling the enigmatic soft x‐ray excess: Current understanding and future perspectives
Authors: Boller Thomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article explores various theoretical models proposed to explain the soft x‐ray excess phenomenon, including warm Comptonization, ionized reflection models, and ionized outflowing disc winds. The soft x‐ray excess is better understood thanks to crucial observations made by ROSAT, XMM‐Newton, and eROSITA. The article briefly touches upon historical discoveries in this field, specifically the initial detection of the soft x‐ray excess in Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxies. While progress has been made in comprehending the soft x‐ray excess, the article also acknowledges the challenges and limitations of the different models. We emphasize the importance of further studies to refine theoretical models by, for example, building up a large database of reverberation time lags between the disc and coronal x‐ray emission to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of this intriguing phenomenon.
Leflunomide exposure through second trimester of pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Alothman Rawan , Yeung James , Waterman Elizabeth , Lepik Christa , Amiri Neda 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLeflunomide is a commonly used disease modifying antirheumatic agent. However, its use is contraindicated in pregnancy. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) guidelines recommend discontinuing Leflunomide at least 24 months before conception. If a woman is found to be pregnant while on Leflunomide, ACR suggests close monitoring and cholestyramine washout. We describe a case of a patient with a history of juvenile idiopathic arthritis who was on Leflunomide throughout the first and second trimester of her pregnancy. A cholestyramine washout regimen was started but not completed. The patient was induced at 37 weeks of gestation due to non‐reassuring fetal heart rate. She ultimately delivered a healthy baby via emergency cesarian section.
Phosphorylation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe Dss1 mediates direct binding to the ubiquitin‐ligase Dma1 in vitro
Authors: Jacobsen Nina L. , Bloch Magnus , Millard Peter S. , Ruidiaz Sarah F. , Elsborg Jonas D. , Boomsma Wouter , Hendus‐Altenburger Ruth , Hartmann‐Petersen Rasmus , Kragelund Birthe B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are often multifunctional and frequently posttranslationally modified. Deleted in split hand/split foot 1 (Dss1—Sem1 in budding yeast) is a highly multifunctional IDP associated with a range of protein complexes. However, it remains unknown if the different functions relate to different modified states. In this work, we show that Schizosaccharomyces pombe Dss1 is a substrate for casein kinase 2 in vitro, and we identify three phosphorylated threonines in its linker region separating two known disordered ubiquitin‐binding motifs. Phosphorylations of the threonines had no effect on ubiquitin‐binding but caused a slight destabilization of the C‐terminal α‐helix and mediated a direct interaction with the forkhead‐associated (FHA) domain of the RING‐FHA E3‐ubiquitin ligase defective in mitosis 1 (Dma1). The phosphorylation sites are not conserved and are absent in human Dss1. Sequence analyses revealed that the Txx(E/D) motif, which is important for phosphorylation and Dma1 binding, is not linked to certain branches of the evolutionary tree. Instead, we find that the motif appears randomly, supporting the mechanism of ex nihilo evolution of novel motifs. In support of this, other threonine‐based motifs, although frequent, are nonconserved in the linker, pointing to additional functions connected to this region. We suggest that Dss1 acts as an adaptor protein that docks to Dma1 via the phosphorylated FHA‐binding motifs, while the C‐terminal α‐helix is free to bind mitotic septins, thereby stabilizing the complex. The presence of Txx(D/E) motifs in the disordered regions of certain septin subunits may be of further relevance to the formation and stabilization of these complexes.
An ordinary malaria? Intermittent fever in Denmark, 1826–1886
Authors: Ingholt Mathias Mølbak 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntermittent fever is a historical diagnosis with a contested meaning. Historians have associated it with both benign malaria and severe epidemics during the Early Modern Era and early nineteenth century. Where other older medical diagnoses perished under changing medical paradigms, intermittent fever ‘survived’ into the twentieth century. This article studies the development in how intermittent fever was framed in Denmark between 1826 and 1886 through terminology, clinical symptoms and aetiology. In the 1820s and 1830s, intermittent fever was a broad disease category, which the diagnosis ‘koldfeber’. Danish physicians were inspired by Hippocratic teachings in the early nineteenth century, and patients were seen as having unique constitutions. For that reason, intermittent fevers presented itself as both benign and severe with a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms. As the Parisian school gradually replaced humoral pathology in the mid-nineteenth century, intermittent fever and koldfeber became synonymous for one disease condition with a nosography that resembles modern malaria. The nosography of intermittent fever remained consistent throughout the second half of the nineteenth century. Although intermittent fever was conceptualized as caused by miasmas throughout most of the nineteenth century, the discovery of the Plasmodium parasite in 1880 led to a change in the conceptualization of what miasmas were. The article concludes that the development of how intermittent fever was framed follows the changing scientific paradigms that shaped Danish medicine in the nineteenth century.
Categorizing judgments as likely to be selected by intuition or deliberation
Authors: Dewey Aliya R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
De Neys argues against the exclusivity assumption: That many judgments are exclusively selected by intuition or deliberation. But this is an excessively strong formulation of the exclusivity assumption. We should aim to develop weaker, more plausible formulations that identify which judgments are likely to be selected by intuition or deliberation. This is necessary for empirical comparisons of intuition and deliberation.
Initial Diagnosis of Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma With Skin Biopsy: A Rare Case and Review of Diagnostic Considerations
Authors: Goyal Amrita , Casillo Christina , Narayanan Damodaran , Pinkus Geraldine S. , Russell-Goldman Eleanor 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) is a B-cell-derived lymphoma that classically displays a bimodal age distribution. CHL typically involves the mediastinum, lymph nodes, and other visceral organs. CHL is characterized histologically by the presence of a relatively paucicellular neoplastic cell population composed of large atypical cells (including Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg forms) in a reactive mixed inflammatory background, often with prominent necrosis. CHL rarely occurs in the skin, and the associated mixed inflammatory infiltrate or necrotic appearance can create diagnostic uncertainty. Herein, we report the case of a 31-year-old man presenting with a painful dendritic rash of the anterior chest wall with axillary lymphadenopathy. After multiple nondiagnostic biopsies that revealed largely necrotic material, a chest wall skin biopsy was obtained. The skin biopsy was diagnostic of CHL, based on the presence of large atypical dermal cells, including Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg forms, which expressed CD15, CD30 and Fascin, in a typical mixed inflammatory and necrotic background. Through the lens of this case, we discuss the characteristics and mechanisms of skin involvement of CHL, and the histopathologic and immunohistochemical pitfalls when considering the rare diagnosis of CHL in the skin.
Misdiagnosis of rarest subtype of sporadic Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease: a case report
Authors: Jabarkhil Aemal Aziz , Rasib Aziz Rahman , Asady Abdullah , Farzam Farhad 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD), is a deadly degenerative condition of the central nervous system marked by rapidly progressive dementia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellum could indicate severe acute diseases caused by a variety of factors. Although their MRI patterns may resemble those of CJD, clinical history, additional MRI findings, and laboratory testing are all necessary to provide a reliable difference. Here, we report a misdiagnosed case of probable VV1 subtype of sporadic CJD (sCJD) in which follow-up MRI supported the diagnosis.

Case presentation
A 41-year-old male patient attended the Neuropsychiatry Department with rapidly progressive dementia, akinetic mutism, and difficulty walking and speaking. His problem began with forgetfulness, disorganized behavior, and disorganized speech 7 months earlier which progressed rapidly and was accompanied by aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, and akinetic mutism in the last 2 months. On neurologic examination, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, frontal ataxia, bradykinesia, gait apraxia, and aphasia were noted. Based on clinical features and rapid symptoms progression the likely diagnosis of CJD was suspected. MRI and electroencephalography (EEG) were advised. MRI revealed features of diffuse cortical injury of both cerebral hemispheres also involving bilateral corpus striatum with evidence of cerebral volume loss. EEG showed lateralized periodic theta slow waves on the right side. According to the CDC’s diagnostic criteria for CJD, the diagnosis of probable sCJD was established. Supportive care and symptomatic treatment are provided for the patient. After a 1-month follow up the patient’s condition deteriorated significantly. The time-lapse from the first reported symptom to death was about 13 months.

Conclusion
The need of addressing CJD in patients presenting with rapidly progressive dementia is highlighted in this case report. In the early stages of the disease, interpretation of MRI results might cause diagnostic difficulties; therefore, follow-up MRI is critical in obtaining the correct diagnosis.
Epistemologi Ilmu Asbāb al-Wurūd Hadis
Authors: Insan Labib Muhammad Alfreda Daib 
Published: July 2023

Hadis Nabi merupakan sumber ajaran islam kedua setelah Alquran. Dalam memahami hadis diperukan adanya Ilmu alat sebagai penunjang kajian hadis agar tidak terjadi kesalahpahaman dalam menentukan hasil penelitian. Tidak sedikit dari disiplin ilmu yang memiliki penunjang khusus sebagai jembatan untuk mengkajinya. Dalam kajian hadis, ilmu asbabul wurud adalah salah satu contohnya, dimana ilmu ini berperan banyak dalam konsep memahami hadis secara tekstual maupun kontekstual. Namun tidak berhenti disitu, sebelum mengkaji sebuah ilmu alat, alangkah baiknya mengetahui sejarah kemunculan disiplin ilmu tersebut. Ada banyak metode dan pendekatan yang dapat digunakan untuk mengkaji suatu objek, salah satunya adalah pendekatan filsafat. Cabang ilmu ini merupakan salah satu yang paling krusial diantara cabang ilmu lainnya. sebabnya, karena filsafat adalah induk dari segala macam cabang ilmu pengetahuan. Dalam kajian filsafat ada tiga unsur dasar dalam proses kemunculan disiplin ilmu yaitu ontologi, epistemologi, aksiologi. Artikel ini akan mencoba menyajikan sejarah singkat, latar belakang, faktor faktor kemunculan ilmu asbabul wurud, urgensi dan pengaplikasiannya menurut perspektif epistemologi.
Kata Kunci: Ilmu Asbabul Wurud, Epistemologi, Sejarah Ilmu
Reflexões sobre a noção de autor na obra benjaminiana: um olhar a partir do relato autobiográfico "Varandas"
Authors: Gomes Enoque Alessandro 
Published: July 2023

Tendo como pano de fundo o texto "Varandas" (presente na obra "Infância Berlinense: 1900), o presente artigo teve por objetivo refletir sobre a noção de autor na obra benjaminiana a partir de alguns dos seus textos que tratam da temática ("Experiência e pobreza", "O autor como produtor" e "O narrador: considerações sobre a obra de Nikolai Leskov"). Assim, pôde-se observar que o relato "autobiográfico" de Benjamin se encontra amparado, em um primeiro momento, no conceito de "rememoração". Desta maneira, ao tratar de sua infância burguesa na cidade de Berlim, Benjamin procura, na verdade, trazer à tona elementos para pensar criticamente a realidade social do momento presente, especialmente no que diz respeito ao avanço da técnica, do desencantamento do mundo e da desigualdade de classes no capitalismo. Neste sentido, Benjamin apresenta o autor como aquele que tem duas faces principais: (a) aquela que insere a sua experiência no texto narrativo; e (b) aquela que insere seu posicionamento político aliada a uma preocupação acerca da qualidade do texto literário.
Estudios de caso de la política exterior española hacia el Mundo Árabe y Musulmán: Egipto
Authors: Azaola Piazza Bárbara , González González Irene 
Published: July 2023

Este artículo se basa en el análisis de una serie de nuevos indicadores en el estudio de las relaciones exteriores españolas hacia Egipto. Los datos que aporta la Base de Datos sobre Política Exterior (BDPEX) destacan la importancia de Egipto en la política exterior española. La presencia histórica española en el país a través de su red de representaciones en el exterior, el número de representantes españoles residentes en el país, el intercambio de visitas de alto nivel, la firma de convenios y tratados, las cifras económicas, la aportación española a la cooperación internacional y la presencia egipcia en el debate parlamentario español así lo demuestran.AbstractThis article is based on the analysis of a series of new indicators in the study of Spanish foreign relations with Egypt. The data provided by the BDPEX emphasize the centrality of Egypt in Spanish foreign policy. The Spanish historical presence in the country through its network of offices abroad, the number of Spanish representatives resident in the country, the exchange of high level visits, the signing of agreements and treaties, economic data, the Spanish contribution to international cooperation and the Egyptian presence in the Spanish parliamentary debate are used as evidence.
Juegos de espejos y espejismos en las relaciones de Marruecos con la Unión Europea: de la gestación del Estatuto Avanzado a la validación de las reformas de 2011
Authors: Fernández Molina Irene 
Published: July 2023

ResumenEste artículo presenta un análisis que disecciona el trato bilateral ventajoso que otorga la UE a Marruecos. El rol nacional de este país como alumno modelo y la dinámica intergubernamental que impulsó decisivamente el proyecto Estatuto Avanzado son los principales argumentos complementarios que se reflexionan en este artículo. Palabras clave: Unión Europea, Marruecos, relaciones bilaterales, Estatuto AvanzadoAbstractThis paper presents an analysis of the advantageous bilateral treatment granted by the EU to Morocco. The country's national role as a advanced student and the intergovernmental dynamics that drove decisively the project of advanced statute are the two main and complementary arguments shown in this article. Keywords: European Union, Morocco, bilataral relations.
Legal Entropy in International Law
Authors: Chipiga Ilya V. 
Published: July 2023

The article deals with the implementation of the principles and norms of international law. There are systematic violations and discreditations of the very essence of international law. Analyzing specific decisions and rulings of the European Court of Human Rights and political decisions of European states and the United States, we observe the possibility of developing and calculating the probabilities of compliance with the norms and principles of international law or their violation. We emphasize the foresight of Russia's policy of withdrawing from the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
We analyze the term legal entropy and its correlation with the entropy associated with the transfer of information in information theory. In this paper, we will consider the limited randomness on the issues of interest, determine the spaces of possible options for implementing the norms and principles of international law for specific countries, events, decisions of international judicial bodies on the example of the ECHR. Here are hypothetical figures for calculating entropy for the occurrence of each of the expected developments of the event in order to see the most probable picture of what happened or the future.
For the effective development of international law, it is necessary to introduce such a term as legal entropy, given that there is a stable correlation between jurisprudence and politics. This will allow for a more objective consideration of international law as a whole.
Risk factors for intraocular pressure rise after pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade
Authors: Yuan Songtao , Fan Wen , Zhang Chaohe , Ge Lexin , Su Na , Chen Jiaqin , Song Siyao , Wang Yasha 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose:
To evaluate risk factors for intraocular pressure elevationafter vitreoretinal surgery with silicone oil tamponade and further develop predictive models to support clinical management.
Methods:
A retrospectively analyzed 824 eyes of 824 consecutive patients that presented to the Jiangsu Province Hospital between December 2015 and August 2019,
the IOP was measured from the preoperative visit and at the 1-week, 1-month, 3-month, and 6-month visits, and the final postoperative visit before silicone oil removal.Predictors were selected based on the p-value results of the univariate analysis.
Results：
Elevated intraocular pressure developed in 39.2% of the eyes postoperatively. The prediction model reached an accuracy of 0.7349. Single factor analysis revealed that age(p<0.001), myopia (p<0.001, OR=2.02[1.46-2.81]), retinal detachment (p=0.007, OR=5.97[1.41-53.42]), macular hole (p=0.009, OR=1.99[1.14-3.48]), lens status (p<0.001) and biological parameter (Axial Length p<0.01, Anterior Chamber Depth p=0.001, Lens Thickness p=0.028, White-to-White p= 0.02,) were risk factors, meanwhile the prediction model further found that hypertension, diabetes, the use of intraoperative laser and silicone oil viscosity can also influence the development of postoperative IOP elevation.
Conclusions：
Age, myopia, retinal detachment, macular hole and biological parameters have influence on postoperative intraocular pressure elevation for patients with silicone oil tamponade after pars plana vitrectomy. This may have some reference significance for reducing the incidence of high intraocular pressure after pars plana vitrectomycombined with silicone oil filling.
BioShield: Eco-friendly Super-Accumulator-Biopolymer based Heavy Metal Filter as a Plant Protector and Growth Stimulator
Authors: Swamy Sonia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Anthropogenic activities increase concentration of heavy metals in the environment to amounts that are harmful to plants, animals, and humans. Passing through food chains, these metals can affect biological functions, reduce plant yields, lead to food insecurity, accumulate in organs, even causing diseases such as cancer. The objective of this study was to determine optimal Super-Accumulator-Biopolymer from agro-wastes to reduce bioavailability of heavy metals and improve plant growth. It was predicted that if Super-Accumulator-Biopolymer (SAB) is made from carrageenan, chitosan, crosslinked-chitosan, and crosslinked-carrageenan and applied in hydroponics plant growth system for reducing heavy metals (HM), crosslinked chitosan SAB will be most effective, with 50% reduction in HM bioavailability and 25% improvement in promoting plant growth attributed to its highest bio-adsorption capacity. To study this, BioShields (Super-Accumulator-Biopolymers) were made from chitosan, carrageenan and two variations by crosslinking them with citric acid. Heavy metal aqueous solutions were passed through these BioShields. Three tests conducted were Bioavailability in Filtered Aqueous Solution (medium), Bioavailability in Plant Biomass, and Plant Growth Measurement. The results confirmed that hypothesis was partially correct; Across all tests, Crosslinked-Chitosan- Based-BioShield demonstrated highest efficacy. All variations of BioShields proved effective in exceeding 50% goal of bioavailability reduction and 25% goal of plant growth improvement. A few anomalies were associated with results of Carrageenan-Based-BioShield, but nevertheless, it proved viable when cross-linked with Citric Acid. Overall, BioShields are an effective solution, consistently yielding better results than direct exposure to HMs due to polymer networks, active binding sites, and biologically adhesive properties.