bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biolistic transformation of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Veloso Ribeiro Franco Leticia , Barros Mario H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe insertion of genes into mitochondria by biolistic transformation is currently only possible in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The fact that S. cerevisiae mitochondria can exist with partial (ρ− mutants) or complete deletions (ρ0 mutants) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), without requiring a specific origin of replication, enables the propagation of exogenous sequences. Additionally, mtDNA in this organism undergoes efficient homologous recombination, making it well‐suited for genetic manipulation. In this review, we present a summarized historical overview of the development of biolistic transformation and discuss iconic applications of the technique. We also provide a detailed example on how to obtain transformants with recombined foreign DNA in their mitochondrial genome.
The impact of anti‐corruption on environmental governance efficiency in China: A study based on spatial effect
Authors: Hou Hui , Yang Siwei , Zhang Minghao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAnti‐corruption is an important initiative in China's national governance system. The existing literature usually studies the direct impact of corruption or anti‐corruption on China's environment, while few studies show the spatial correlation impact of anti‐corruption on China's environmental governance. This paper redefines anti‐corruption, uses panel data of 30 Chinese provinces and cities from 2005 to 2019, and empirically analyzes the impact of anti‐corruption on environmental governance efficiency in China using spatial Durbin model. The findings indicate that the direct effect of anti‐corruption on environmental governance efficiency is positive, indicating that increasing anti‐corruption efforts will help improve local environmental governance efficiency; indirect effect of anti‐corruption on environmental governance efficiency is negative, suggesting that due to the existence of “pollution heaven” effect, the strengthening of anti‐corruption in the local region will cause polluting industries to move from local region to neighboring regions, leading to serious environmental pollution in the neighboring regions, and then reducing environmental governance efficiency. The indirect effect of economic development, industrial structure, and economic openness are negative, while the indirect effect of urbanization rate and clean energy are positive. The findings of the study provide a theoretical basis and insight for governments at all levels to improve environmental governance efficiency through anti‐corruption.
Bilateral extended FDK: An improved weighting method for static CT imaging
Authors: Zha Keyang , Zhao Qingxian , Luo Shouhua , Li Yunxiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundImproving imaging speed has always been the focus of research in CT technology, which is related to the radiation dose and imaging quality of moving organs, including heart and blood vessels. However, it is difficult to achieve further improvement by increasing the rotation speed of the gantry due to its structural strength limitation. Differing from the conventional CTs, the static CT employs dozens of ray sources to acquire projection data from different angular ranges, and each source only needs to be rotated in a small range to finish a full 360° scan, thus greatly increasing the scanning speed.PurposeAs sources of static CT need to be evenly distributed over 360°, the sources and detectors have to be arranged on two parallel rings independently. Such a geometry can be considered as a special case of CT systems with a significantly large cone angle, that is, a part of the detector is missing in the vicinity of the mid‐plane. Due to restriction of upper and lower bounds of the cone angle of the static CT, there are uneven projection data varying in each portion of the reconstruction volume, the conventional analytical or iterative reconstruction methods may introduce artifacts in the reconstructed outcomes.MethodsFollowing the weighting approach extended FDK (xFDK) by Grimmer et al., we propose an improved bilateral xFDK algorithm (bixFDK), which focuses on the reconstruction of the expanded volume. With the same philosophy as xFDK in terms of weighting function design, bixFDK takes the longitudinal offset of the detector with respect to the source into consideration, making our method applicable to a wide range of CT geometries, especially for the static CT. Based on the proposed bixFDK, a new iterative scheme bixFDK‐IR is also constructed to extend the applications to a wide range of scan protocols such as sparse‐view scan.ResultsThe proposed method has been validated with the simulated phantom data and the actual clinical data of the static CT, and demonstrates that it can ensure good image quality and enlarge the reconstruction volume in z‐direction of the static CT.ConclusionsThe bixFDK algorithm is an ideal reconstruction approach for static CT geometry, and the iterative scheme of bixFDK‐IR is applicable to a wide range of CT geometries and scan protocols, thus providing a wide range of application scenarios.
Imidazole‐hydrazone derivatives: Synthesis, characterization, X‐ray structures and evaluation of anticancer and carbonic anhydrase I–II inhibition properties
Authors: Ünver Hakan , Acar Cevik Ulviye , Bostancı Hayrani Eren , Kaya Oğuzhan , Kocyigit Ümit M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe nine new imidazole‐hydrazone derivatives of Schiff base were synthesized from the condensation reactions of 1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazole‐2‐carbaldehyde with various substituted‐hydrazide derivatives. Structures of the final compounds (1 a–1 i) were characterized by using 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques, elemental analysis, and crystal X‐ray diffraction. The in vitro carbonic anhydrase I and II potentials of these synthesized were evaluated. The result suggests that compound 1 a, a 4‐methoxy substituted analog with an IC50 of 0.949 μM, was found to have the most potent hCA I inhibitory activity. Compounds 1 c, 1 d, and 1 h were the most potent compounds on hCA II with IC50 values of 3.330, 4.454, and 5.66 μM, respectively. All compounds were examined for their cytotoxicity towards human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell (HT29) and rat glioma cell line (C6) compared to mouse fibroblast normal cell line (L929) using the MTT assay method. The compounds 1 a, 1 d, and 1 i exhibited significant antiproliferative activity with less toxicity to a health cell line. Consequently, compound 1 a could be the potential lead for emerging selective cytotoxic compounds directing hCA I. Compound 1 d could be the potential lead for emerging selective cytotoxic compounds directing hCA II.
Nanomedicines for Improved Management of Ectopic Pregnancy: A Narrative Review
Authors: Moses Abraham S. , Korzun Tetiana , Mamnoon Babak , Baldwin Maureen K. , Myatt Leslie , Taratula Oleh , Taratula Olena R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEctopic pregnancy (EP) – the implantation of an embryo outside of the endometrial cavity, often in the fallopian tube – is a significant contributor to maternal morbidity and leading cause of maternal death due to hemorrhage in first trimester. Current diagnostic modalities including human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) quantification and ultrasonography are effective, but may still misdiagnose EP at initial examination in many cases. Depending on the patient's hemodynamic stability and gestational duration of the pregnancy, as assessed by history, hCG measurement and ultrasonography, management strategies may include expectant management, chemotherapeutic treatment using methotrexate (MTX), or surgical intervention. While these strategies are largely successful, expectant management may result in tubal rupture if the pregnancy does not resolve spontaneously; MTX administration is not always successful and may induce significant side effects; and surgical intervention may result in loss of the already‐damaged fallopian tube, further hampering the patient's subsequent attempts to conceive. Nanomaterial‐based technologies offer the potential to enhance delivery of diagnostic imaging contrast and therapeutic agents to more effectively and safely manage EP. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the current state of nanomedicine technology dedicated to its potential to improve both the diagnosis and treatment of EP.
Neutral MOF Anion Receptor: Radical‐Promoted Precise Anion Recognition
Authors: Dong Shuyu , Yu Zhiwu , Guo Liecheng , Yang Yuting , Tu Changzheng , Krishna Rajamani , Luo Feng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPrecise ion recognition plays a key role in the anionic decontamination in water. However, the established anionic recognition based on neutral or cationic anion receptor is still restricted by the inherent limitation, such as narrow application scope in organic solvent rather than water for neutral anion receptor and poor selectivity due to non‐directional electrostatic interaction for cationic anion receptor. Herein, for the first time, a neutral metal–organic framework (MOF) anion receptor is shown, enabling precise anion recognition, for example, the presence of a variety of 1000‐fold competitive anions does not affect the selective adsorption of the target anion at all. A radical‐dominating anion‐recognition mechanism is proposed for rationalizing the efficacy of the neutral MOF.
Digital Documentation of Reflective Objects: A Cross-Polarised Photogrammetry Workflow for Complex Materials
Authors: Frost Adam , Mirashrafi Sophia , Sánchez Clara Molina , Vacas-Madrid David , Millan Elina Rodriguez , Wilson Lyn 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe quality of digital documentation of cultural heritage sites and objects is influenced significantly by the complexity of the subject. Complexity is an encompassing concept comprised of a range of factors including material properties and surface characteristics. Highly reflective items pose a challenge to traditional workflows, which has been previously addressed with a range of mitigating techniques and strategies, often including cross-polarised photogrammetry lighting setups to omit specular type reflections. However, in the removal of reflections to achieve more robust surface geometry, important information about the specular albedo of the surface can be lost. In this paper we demonstrate an accessible single camera cross-polarised photogrammetry workflow to retain the diffuse and specular albedo information. The results have enabled qualitative assessments about the individual objects and their materials through the workflow. The items discussed include ceramic, metal and wood material types, and through the separation of specular information offer unique improvements to their visualisation and insights to their physical condition for conservation purposes.
The mRNA expression and secretion of granzyme B are up-regulated via the histamine H2 receptor in human CD4+ T cells
Authors: Dawodu Damilola , Sand Sophie , Nikolouli Eirini , Werfel Thomas , Mommert Susanne 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Granzyme B (GZMB), a serine protease with cytotoxic and immunomodulatory functions, shows elevated levels in blood plasma of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). It has been observed that GZMB expression in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is higher in lesional skin in AD than in healthy skin. Since histamine is present in high concentration in the skin of AD patients, we investigated the regulation of GZMB in human CD4+ T cells by histamine.

Methods
Naïve CD4+ T cells polarized into Th2 cells, total CD4+ T cells treated with IL-4 for 72 h and CD4+ T cells isolated from healthy donors and AD patients were investigated. The cells were stimulated with histamine or with different histamine-receptor agonists. Gene expression was evaluated by RNA-Seq. GZMB mRNA expression was detected by quantitative real time PCR, whereas GZMB secretion was measured by ELISpot and ELISA. T cell degranulation was evaluated by flow cytometry using CD107a surface expression as a degranulation marker.

Results
By RNA-Seq, we identified the up-regulation of various genes of the cytotoxic pathway, in particular of GZMB, by histamine in Th2-polarized CD4+ T cells. In Th2-polarized CD4+ T cells and in CD4+ T cells activated by IL-4 the mRNA expression of GZMB was significantly up-regulated by histamine and by histamine H2 receptor (H2R) agonists. The induction of GZMB secretion by histamine was significantly higher in CD4+ T cells from AD patients than in those from healthy donors. CD107a surface expression was up-regulated by trend in response to histamine in Th2-polarized CD4+ T cells.

Conclusion
Our findings may help to elucidate novel mechanisms of the H2R and to achieve a better understanding of the role of GZMB in the pathogenesis of AD.
Values of Binary Partition Function Represented by a Sum of Three Squares
Authors: Sobolewski Bartosz , Ulas Maciej 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLetmbe a positive integer and$$b_{m}(n)$$bm(n)be the number of partitions of a non-negative integernwith parts being powers of 2, where each part can takemcolors. We show that if$$m=2^{k}-1$$m=2k-1, then the natural density ofnsuch that$$b_{m}(n)$$bm(n)cannot be represented as a sum of three squares exists, and equals 1/12 for$$k=1, 2$$k=1,2and 1/6 for$$k\ge 3$$k≥3. In particular, for$$m=1$$m=1the equation$$b_{1}(n)=x^2+y^2+z^2$$b1(n)=x2+y2+z2has a solution in integers if and only ifnis not of the form$$2^{2k+2}(8s+2t_{s}+3)+i$$22k+2(8s+2ts+3)+ifor$$i=0, 1$$i=0,1andk, sare non-negative integers, and where$$t_{n}$$tnis thenth term in the Prouhet–Thue–Morse sequence. A similar characterization is obtained for the solutions innof the equation$$b_{2^k-1}(n)=x^2+y^2+z^2$$b2k-1(n)=x2+y2+z2.
Early life exposure to air pollution and psychotic-like experiences, emotional symptoms, and conduct problems in middle childhood
Authors: Bradley Melissa , Dean Kimberlie , Lim Samsung , Laurens Kristin R. , Harris Felicity , Tzoumakis Stacy , O’Hare Kirstie , Carr Vaughan J. , Green Melissa J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Air pollution has been linked to a variety of childhood mental health problems, but results are inconsistent across studies and the effect of exposure timing is unclear. We examined the associations between air pollution exposure at two time-points in early development and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), and emotional and conduct symptoms, assessed in middle childhood (mean age 11.5 years).

Methods
Participants were 19,932 children selected from the NSW Child Development Study (NSW-CDS) with available linked multi-agency data from birth, and self-reported psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and psychopathology at age 11–12 years (middle childhood). We used binomial logistic regression to examine associations between exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) at two time-points (birth and middle childhood) and middle childhood PLEs, and emotional and conduct symptoms, with consideration of socioeconomic status and other potential confounding factors in adjusted models.

Results
In fully adjusted models, NO2 exposure in middle childhood was associated with concurrent PLEs (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.02–1.20). Similar associations with PLEs were found for middle childhood exposure to PM2.5 (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.01–1.09). Neither NO2 nor PM2.5 exposure was associated with emotional symptoms or conduct problems in this study.

Conclusions
This study highlights the need for a better understanding of potential mechanisms of action of NO2 in the brain during childhood.
Biological nitrogen fixation in the long-term nitrogen-fertilized and unfertilized paddy fields, with special reference to diazotrophic iron-reducing bacteria
Authors: Masuda Yoko , Satoh Sakura , Miyamoto Ryota , Takano Ryo , Ishii Katsuhiro , Ohba Hirotomo , Shiratori Yutaka , Senoo Keishi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBiological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is important to sustain nitrogen fertility of paddy soil and rice yield, while could be affected by nitrogen fertilization. Iron-reducing bacteria, Anaeromyxobacter and Geobacter, are newly found diazotrophic bacteria predominant in paddy soil. Experimental field of this study is a long-term (35 years) nitrogen fertilized (6.0 g N/m2/year) and unfertilized paddy field, where ca. 70% of rice yield was obtained yearly in nitrogen unfertilized plot (443 ± 37 g/m2) compared to fertilized plot (642 ± 64 g/m2). Effects of long-term nitrogen fertilization/unfertilization on soil properties related to BNF were investigated with special reference to diazotrophic iron-reducing bacteria. Soil chemical/biochemical properties, soil nitrogen-fixing activity, and community composition of diazotrophic bacteria were similar between nitrogen fertilized and unfertilized plot soils. In both plot soils, Anaeromyxobacter and Geobacter were the most predominant diazotrophs. Their nifD transcripts were detected at similar level, while those of other general diazotrophs were under detection limit. It was concluded that long-term use/unuse of nitrogen fertilizer in this field did not affect the predominance and nitrogen-fixing activity of diazotrophic iron-reducing bacteria, composition of other general diazotrophs, and the resulting soil nitrogen-fixing activity. BNF, primarily driven by diazotrophic iron-reducing bacteria, might significantly contribute to sustain soil nitrogen fertility and rice yield in both plot soils. Appropriate soil management to maintain BNF, including diazotrophic iron-reducing bacteria, will be important for sustainable soil nitrogen fertility and rice production.
Effect of chitosan addition on acetaldehyde and polymeric pigments production after oxidation of red wines with different tannin/anthocyanins ratio
Authors: Picariello Luigi , Errichiello Francesco , Coppola Francesca , Rinaldi Alessandra , Moio Luigi , Gambuti Angelita 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn order to evaluate the effect of the application of chitosan to red wines with different initial composition, four wines showing tannins/anthocyanins ratio (T/A) ranging from 0.15 to 2.44 were treated with this amino polysaccharide. As one of the main factors involved in red wine ageing is the oxidation, even a forced oxidation test was applied on all the samples. The addition of chitosan determined a decrease in total phenolic compounds mainly due to the adsorption of protein-reactive tannins which decreased from 10 to 50% of the initial value. The previous addition of chitosan determined a lower production of acetaldehyde after oxidation confirming the antioxidant activity of this amino polysaccharide. The production of acetaldehyde was lower in samples with a higher T/A ratio probably due to the involvement of acetaldehyde in reactions with flavanols and anthocyanins giving polymeric pigments. These results suggest a possible use of chitosan in red wine with a higher T/A ratio to decrease the content of tannins reactive towards proteins and, contemporary, to act as antioxidant.
DEM-simulation of thin elastic membranes interacting with a granulate
Authors: Götz Holger , Pöschel Thorsten 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFor a wide range of applications, we need DEM simulations of granular matter in contact with elastic flexible boundaries. We present a novel method to describe the interaction between granular particles and a flexible elastic membrane. Here, the standard mass-spring model approach is supplemented by surface patches given by triangulation of the membrane. In contrast to standard mass-spring models, our simulation method allows for an efficient simulation even for large particle size dispersion. The novel method allows coarsening of the mass-spring system leading to a substantial increase in computation efficiency. The simulation method is demonstrated and benchmarked for a triaxial test.
The potential of Ascophyllum nodosum to accelerate green waste composting
Authors: Al-Dulaimi Omar , Rateb Mostafa E. , Hursthouse Andrew S. , Thomson Gary , Yaseen Mohammed 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMillions of tonnes of green waste are produced annually in the UK. Composting usually extends to more than two months as well as producing greenhouse gases that can affect the environment if not optimised. We proposed a potential approach to use the algal extract from Ascophyllum nodosum as a compost accelerator. Seaweed-based treatments offer an economical and effective biological solution that activates and stabilises organic matter decomposition, promoting better carbon sequestration. Reducing both the cost and time associated with widely used composting approaches. The seaweed was collected from the Scottish coastline, extracted, and formulated to enhance application. Its effects on the timeline of the composting process were systematically investigated through physical, biological, and observational quantification. The emission of gases, the pH, temperature, humidity, consistency, and microbial growth of the compost were studied. Interestingly, the results showed that the compost reached a stable state within six weeks, with lower ammonia and carbon dioxide production. The use of this formulation can minimise expense, reduce resources used, and also lower the levels of harmful volatile organics. This approach is economically beneficial and environmentally crucial in compost formation, controlling contamination, and carbon sequestration optimisation.
Why Ethics Commissions? Four Normative Models
Authors: Hegstad Eilev 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEthics commissions are government advisory commissions mandated to give expert advice on contentious moral issues. As this requires making explicit value judgments, members with expert knowledge of ethics have a natural place as members of such commissions. Apart from these commissions being widespread, their recommendations assume a special normative authority within the legislative process. This raises many fundamental questions concerning the nature of moral expertise and how such commissions should deal with the political contexts in which they operate. Through a reading of the relevant discussions in the literature in which the underlying normative ideals are located, this article reconstructs four normative models of the proper role of ethics commissions. This reconstruction seeks to contribute to analytical clarity and to elucidate the underlying disagreements concerning our expectations of ethics commissions. The four models, labeled ‘commission consensus model’, ‘society-proxy model’, ‘correctness model’, and ‘deep pluralism model’, differ from one another in terms of two main dimensions: the expertise and the public/political dimensions. After describing the models, giving examples from the literature on how they can be explicated, and describing an empirical example of a commission that has approximated the ideals, the strengths and weaknesses of the four models are discussed before the article concludes by asking whether there is one correct model of ethics commissions.