bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moderating Role of Socio-Economic Status: Health Belief Model and Preventive Measures for COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan
Authors: Niazi Iram Mansoor , Hussain Zarnish 
Published: August 2023

Objective: The current study aimed at understanding the health belief model approach about the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan and the assessment of preventive measures against this pandemic. Secondly, the study aimed to examine the role of socioeconomic status as a moderator between the health belief model and preventive measures.Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was cross-sectional and grounded on data gathered by google forms throughout Punjab province from March 2021 to May 2021.Materials and Methods: For assessment of the health belief model World Health Organization (WHO) Cosmo protocol was adopted, and the preventive strategies questionnaire was implemented through Google Forms. It analyzed how socioeconomic status moderates the influence of the health beliefs of the Pakistani population on preventive behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Socio-economic status was assessed through the Federal Bureau of Statistic (FBS) data with the addition of four other dimensions (total family members, monthly income, total earning members in the family, residence personal/rent).Results: Results revealed that constructs of the health belief model, Susceptibility (p<.002), Severity (p<.026), Self-efficacy (p<.000), and Knowledge about the disease (p<.006) revealed a statistically predictive relationship with the predictive measures taken by Pakistani population. Furthermore, moderating analysis exposed that although some constructs of the health belief model played a significant role in the use of predictive measures, but role of socioeconomic status as a moderator in their relationship was non-significant.Conclusion: The current study's findings revealed that although different health beliefs like susceptibility, severity, self-efficacy, and knowledge predict the taking of preventive measures, socio-economic status as moderating variable played a non-significant role on the relationship between health beliefs and preventive measures taken by Pakistani population.
Diagnostic Performance of Direct Microscopic Techniques and Culture Media for Fungal Isolates from Hair Specimens
Authors: Zeeshan Faiza , Uddin Fakhar , Kumar Suresh , Kashif Shahida , Jaffar Nazish 
Published: August 2023

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance of direct microscopic techniques and culture media for detecting fungal isolates in hair specimens.Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Karachi, Pakistan, from January 2021 to June 2021.Materials and Methods: A total of 207 hair specimens were collected from the patients with superficial mycoses of the scalp. The specimens were collected under aseptic techniques using clean glass slides and forceps which were processed for Potassium hydroxide mount and Calcofluor white staining. The mycological cultures were performed on a Dermatophyte test medium and Sabouraud Dextrose agar with and without antibiotics. The data was recorded and analyzed on SPSS version 21. The frequencies, percentages, means, and ratios were calculated using Descriptive statistics. The association between variables were analyzed by the Chi-square test and kappa index.Results: Potassium hydroxide mount revealed fungal spores and hyphae in 154(74.3%) specimens, while Calcofluor white staining showed fungal elements in 179(86.5%) specimens. Out of 207 specimens, 106(51.2%) were culture positive and 101(48.8%) were declared culture negative. Out of culture-positive specimens, dermatophytes were yielded in 61(57.5%) and non-dermatophytes in 45(42.5%) specimens. Among all culture media, the highest number of dermatophytes was yielded by plain Sabouraud dextrose agar (59; 96.5%), followed by dermatophyte test medium (55; 90%), and Sabouraud dextrose agar with antibiotics (54; 90.1%). On the contrary, the primary isolation of non-dermatophytes on the plain was Sabouraud dextrose agar s 32(71.1%), Sabouraud dextrose agar with antibiotics 31(68.2%), and dermatophyte test medium 13(28.8%).Conclusion: In our study, we found Calcofluor white staining technique as the most sensitive method to detect fungal elements from the given hair specimens. For mycological culture, all tested culture media were equally effective for the retrieval of dermatophytes. However, for non-dermatophytes, plain SDA and SDA with antibiotics were found to be better media for isolation.
Anesthetic Management in Preeclampsia Patients with Thalassemia Minor B: A Case Report
Authors: Dyatmika Kadek Dwipa , Tjahya Aryasa  , Otniel Adrians Labobar  
Published: August 2023

Introduction: One of the complications of anesthesia that can be encountered in thalassemia patients is cardiovascular instability caused by chronic anemia, cardiomyopathy, and endocrinopathy. In addition, patients with preeclampsia may also experience postoperative risks such as sustained hypertension, stroke, venous thromboembolism, and seizures. This case report will discuss the anesthetic management of pregnant women with preeclampsia and β thalassemia minor.
Case presentation: The patient is a pregnant woman G6P0141, 34 weeks gestation, with preeclampsia and a history of minor β thalassemia without therapy. Patients with thalassemia minor are often asymptomatic before pregnancy, but physiological changes during pregnancy can contribute to anemia during pregnancy. Beta thalassemia minor is also associated with an increased incidence of hypertension in pregnancy. Neuraxial anesthesia is recommended in preeclamptic patients to avoid severe hypertension and has a protective effect against postoperative apnea in premature infants.
Conclusion: Anesthetic management in asymptomatic patients with minor thalassemia is not much different from normal pregnant women. The risk of bleeding needs special attention, especially in thalassemia patients who have anemia. In patients with preeclampsia, neuraxial anesthesia is preferred over general anesthesia. Postoperative patient care is carried out in an obstetric high dependency unit (OHDU). The patient went home after being treated for 3 days without complications at the hospital.
Pluralisme dalam Al Quran
Authors: Lailatul Mas’udah  
Published: August 2023

Plural juga berasal dari bahasa ingris Plural yang berarti jamak atau lebih dari satu. Dalam kajian filosofis, pluralisme diberi makna sebagai doktrin bahwa subtansi hakiki itu tidak satu (monoisme), tidak dua (dualisme), akan tetapi banyak (jamak). Dalam al-qur’an kalimat yang menunukkan adanya kemajemukan dapat dilihat dari berbagai bentuk, beberapa diantaranya adalah kemajemukan suku bangsa, agama, partai atau golongan. Dalam hal ini penulis berpedoman pada kitab Mu’jam Mufahras li Alfād ẓ Al-Qur’ān Al-Karīm dan Mu’jam Al-Mau ḍ ū’i li Ᾱyat Al-Qur’ᾱn Al-Kar ῑ m. Dari kitab Mu’jam Mufahras li Alfād ẓ Al-Qur’ān Al karim. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian perpustakaan (library research) yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan dengan mempelajari literatur seperti kitab kuning atau buku-buku serta karya-karya ilmiah yang menuju pada keterangan yang dibahas sebagai sumber data. Adapun teknis analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analisis. Metode deskriptif adalah metode yang mana memaparkan data dan memberikan penjelasan secara mendalam mengenai sebuah data. Metode ini untuk menyelidiki dengan menuturkan data, kemudahan menjelaskan data tersebut. Hasil dari penelitian yang berkaitan dengan pluralisme salah satu di antaranya adalah , Pluralisme menunjukkan kepada wahana untuk mengembangkan dan meningkatkan kemampuan secara jujur, terbuka. Pluralisme harus pada posisi yang porposional. Pluralisme harus pada posisi yang netral, tidak memihak dan objektif. Dan terakhir Pluralisme menunjukkan adanya perasaan kepemilikan bersama , untuk kepentingan bersama dan diupayakan bersama. Karakteristik seperti ini merupakan puncak dari kesadaran bahwa sebenarnya pluralisme merupakan manifestasi jati diri kita
Pelatihan Sistem Pengajuan Keuangan untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Pengurus Yayasan Dompet Yatim dan Dhuafa Depok
Authors: Legowo Dinda Mirranty , Syah Ferdiyan , Fajrin Hanif , Purnamasari Indah 
Published: August 2023

The main purpose of community service activities in the form of training on the financial submission system of the Dompet Yatim and Dhuafa Foundation is to help increase the knowledge of the Foundation's administrators in terms of using the financial submission system that has been applied to this Foundation previously. With theimplementation of this system, it is hoped that the daily operational activities of the Foundation will be more optimal where the existence of the Foundation's financial submission system will make it easier for administrators to make financial submissions anywhere and anytime according to the needs of their respective divisions. This community service activity was carried out in the form of training and guidance to the relevant Foundation administrators and was carried out for two days at the secretariat office of the Dompet Yatim Foundation and Dhuafa Depok. There are four stages in this PKM activity, namely the planning, preparation, implementation and evaluation stages. At the planning stage, surveys and interviews with relevant partners are carried out regarding the obstacles and problems faced. Furthermore, at the stage of implementing this community service activity, the participants received a presentation on material related to the use of the Foundation's financial submission system and also the provision of a system use module. At the evaluation stage, assistance is carried out on the use of the system after the activity. The expected result of the service activities in the form of this training is to increase the understanding and skills of the Foundation's administrators in terms of using the financial submission application system so that they can optimize the daily operational activities of the Dompet Yatim and Dhuafa Foundations.
Grid-based Atmospheric Retrievals for Reflected-light Spectra of Exoplanets Using PSGnest
Authors: Susemiehl Nicholas , Mandell Avi M. , Villanueva Geronimo L. , Liuzzi Giuliano , Moore Michael , Baines Tyler , Himes Michael D. , W. Smith Adam J. R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Techniques to retrieve the atmospheric properties of exoplanets via direct observation of their reflected light have often been limited in scope owing to computational constraints imposed by the forward-model calculations. We have developed a new set of techniques that significantly decrease the time required to perform a retrieval while maintaining accurate results. We constructed a grid of 1.4 million precomputed geometric albedo spectra valued at discrete sets of parameter points. Spectra from this grid are used to produce models for a fast and efficient nested sampling routine called PSGnest. Beyond the upfront time to construct a spectral grid, the amount of time to complete a full retrieval using PSGnest is on the order of seconds to minutes using a personal computer. An extensive evaluation of the error induced from interpolating intermediate spectra from the grid indicates that this bias is insignificant compared to other retrieval error sources, with an average coefficient of determination between interpolated and true spectra of 0.998. We apply these new retrieval techniques to help constrain the optimal bandpass centers for retrieving various atmospheric and bulk parameters from a LuvEx-type mission observing several planetary archetypes. We show that spectral observations made using a 20% bandpass centered at 0.73 μm can be used alongside our new techniques to make detections of H2O and O2 without the need to increase observing time beyond what is necessary for a signal-to-noise ratio of 10. The methods introduced here will enable robust studies of the capabilities of future observatories to characterize exoplanets.
Multiple Stellar Populations in Metal-poor Globular Clusters with JWST: A NIRCam View of M92
Authors: Ziliotto Tuila , Milone Antonino , Marino Anna F. , Dotter Aaron L. , Renzini Alvio , Vesperini Enrico , Karakas Amanda , Cordoni Giacomo , Dondoglio Emanuele , Legnardi Maria V. , Lagioia Edoardo P. , Mohandasan Anjana , Baimukhametova Sarah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Recent work on metal-intermediate globular clusters (GCs) with [Fe/H] = −1.5 and −0.75 has illustrated the theoretical behavior of multiple populations in photometric diagrams obtained with the JWST. These results are confirmed by observations of multiple populations among the M dwarfs of 47 Tucanae. Here we explore multiple populations in metal-poor GCs with [Fe/H] = −2.3. We take advantage of synthetic spectra and isochrones that account for the chemical composition of multiple populations to identify photometric diagrams that separate the distinct stellar populations of GCs. We derive high-precision photometry and proper motion for main-sequence (MS) stars in the metal-poor GC M92 from JWST and Hubble Space Telescope images. We identify a first-generation (1G) and two main groups of second-generation (2GA and 2GB) stars and investigate their kinematics and chemical composition. We find isotropic motions with no differences among the distinct populations. The comparison between the observed colors of the M92 stars and the colors derived by synthetic spectra reveals that the helium abundances of 2GA and 2GB stars are higher than those of the 1G by ΔY ∼ 0.01 and 0.04, respectively. The m
F090W versus m
F090W − m
F277W color–magnitude diagram shows that below the knee MS stars exhibit a wide color broadening due to multiple populations. We constrain the amount of oxygen variation needed to reproduce the observed MS width, which is consistent with results on red giant branch stars. We conclude that multiple populations with masses of ∼0.1–0.8 M
⊙ share similar chemical compositions.
Probing the Origin of Changing-look Quasar Transitions with Chandra
Authors: Yang Qian , Green Paul J. , MacLeod Chelsea L. , Plotkin Richard M. , Anderson Scott F. , Bieryla Allyson , Civano Francesca , Eracleous Michael , Graham Matthew , Ruan John J. , Runnoe Jessie , Zhao Xiurui 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Extremely variable quasars can also show strong changes in broad-line emission strength and are known as changing-look quasars (CLQs). To study the CLQ transition mechanism, we present a pilot sample of CLQs with X-ray observations in both the bright and faint states. From a sample of quasars with bright-state archival SDSS spectra and (Chandra or XMM-Newton) X-ray data, we identified five new CLQs via optical spectroscopic follow-up and then obtained new target-of-opportunity X-ray observations with Chandra. No strong absorption is detected in either the bright- or the faint-state X-ray spectra. The intrinsic X-ray flux generally changes along with the optical variability, and the X-ray power-law slope becomes harder in the faint state. Large-amplitude mid-infrared variability is detected in all five CLQs, and it echoes the variability in the optical with a time lag expected from the light-crossing time of the dusty torus for CLQs with robust lag measurements. The changing-obscuration model is not consistent with the observed X-ray spectra and spectral energy distribution changes seen in these CLQs. It is highly likely that the observed changes are due to the changing accretion rate of the supermassive black hole, so the multiwavelength emission varies accordingly, with promising analogies to the accretion states of X-ray binaries.
Where are the Water Worlds?: Self-consistent Models of Water-rich Exoplanet Atmospheres
Authors: Kempton Eliza M.-R. , Lessard Madeline , Malik Matej , Rogers Leslie A. , Futrowsky Kate E. , Ih Jegug , Marounina Nadejda , Romero-Mirza Carlos E. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
It remains to be ascertained whether sub-Neptune exoplanets primarily possess hydrogen-rich atmospheres or whether a population of H2O-rich water worlds lurks in their midst. Addressing this question requires improved modeling of water-rich exoplanetary atmospheres, both to predict and interpret spectroscopic observations and to serve as upper boundary conditions on interior structure calculations. Here, we present new models of hydrogen-helium-water atmospheres with water abundances ranging from solar to 100% water vapor. We improve upon previous models of high-water-content atmospheres by incorporating updated prescriptions for water self-broadening and a nonideal gas equation of state. Our model grid (https://umd.box.com/v/water-worlds) includes temperature–pressure profiles in radiative-convective equilibrium, along with their associated transmission and thermal emission spectra. We find that our model updates primarily act at high pressures, significantly impacting bottom-of-atmosphere temperatures, with implications for the accuracy of interior structure calculations. Upper-atmosphere conditions and spectroscopic observables are less impacted by our model updates, and we find that, under most conditions, retrieval codes built for hot Jupiters should also perform well on water-rich planets. We additionally quantify the observational degeneracies among both thermal emission and transmission spectra. We recover standard degeneracies with clouds and mean molecular weight for transmission spectra, and we find thermal emission spectra to be more readily distinguishable from one another in the water-poor (i.e., near-solar) regime.
The Behavior of Bp He-weak Stars in the far-UV—Paper XI: HD 35456
Authors: Monier Richard 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The analysis of four spectra of the B7 He-weak star HD 35456 recorded by the SWP camera on board the International Ultraviolet Explorer does not reveal any variations of the far-ultraviolet spectral energy distribution shortwards of 1700 Å over slightly more than one rotational period. There is no sign of variability in the numerous Si ii, Si iii and Si iv lines present in the far-ultraviolet. The profile of the resonance line of C ii at 1335 Å remains constant too.
Low Expression of Calcitriol Level and Interleukin-10 and Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1 Alpha Expression on Placenta
Authors: Suwiyoga I Ketut , Astawa I Nyoman Mantik , Jawi I Made , Putra I Wayan Artana 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia (PE) is the disease of theories and the second leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidities and mortalities worldwide. These pathological disturbances will induce inflammation process, oxidative stress, and poor subsequent growth on the fetus including 32% of intrauterine growth restriction, 22% of prematurity, and 24% of neonatal sepsis and asphyxia. There are many theories about the mechanism of PE. In the molecularly level, it is suspected that the low level of calcitriol and interleukin (IL)-10 expressions and high expression of hypoxia- inducible factor (HIF)-1α are the risk factors of PE.
AIM: The aim of this study was to prove the low calcitriol level, IL-10, and high expression of HIF-1α in the placenta as the risk factors of PE.
METHODS: A nested case–control study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology Sanglah and Wangaya Hospital Denpasar, Bali, from November 2020 to February 2021.
RESULTS: A total of 64 samples of 20–40 weeks gestation age were selected by purposive consecutive sampling, divided into two groups consist of 32 PE as the cases and 32 non-PE as the controls. The material examination, 3 × 3 cm was isolated from the maternal placental surface, was performed at Laboratorium Biomedik Terpadu, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University. We performed an ELISA technique to find out the calcitriol level; in the other hand, we used immunohistochemistry for detected expression of IL-10 and HIF-1-α. The results revealed the risk of PE in low placental calcitriol levels about 13.8 times higher than in high calcitriol levels (odds ratio [OR] = 13,801, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.048–47,050, p = 0.001. The risk of PE in low placental IL-10 expression about 6.6 times higher than in high IL-10 expression (OR = 6600; 95% CI = 2208–19,728; p = 0.001). The risk of PE in high placental HIF-1-α expression about 5.6 times higher than in low placental HIF-1-α expression (OR = 5.622; 95% CI = 1.922–16.450; p = 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Low calcitriol level, low IL-10, and high HIF-1-α expression on the placenta were proved as significant risk factors for the development of PE.
A domparative study of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis
Authors: Mudhale V. , Phatak P. , Dige S. , Ghate U. , Kadalge B. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction- Inflammation of the gall bladder is known as acute cholecystitis. Sudden pain in the upper right of the abdomen along with bloating, vomiting, fever, tenderness are symptoms of acute cholecystitis. Laproscopic cholecystectomy is considered to be the gold standard for the treatment of acute cholecystitis.
Objective- To compare operative and post-operative outcomes like operating time, injury to bile ducts, postoperative pain, total length of hospital stay, need for conversion to open cholecystectomy between immediate and late LC.
Methodology- Sixty-eight patients aged between 18 to 60 years having acute cholecystitis admitted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included. Patients were categorized and analyzed based on length of time from presentation to surgery. We defined operation of cholecystectomy within 3 days of presentation as ‘early’ laparoscopic cholecystectomy and anywhere after 3 days as ‘delayed’ laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Results: The p value obtained for ROFA is 0.042. and that for Pain scale is 0.027. Since the p value is less than 0.05, the null hypothesis is rejected and we can conclude that there is a statistically significant difference between the means of two groups with respect to these factors.
Conclusion- Both early and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy is possible and safe in the treatment of acute cholecystitis but return to full activity is early and pain scale is less in cases of early cholecystectomy.
Trials, tribulations and the emergence of total thyroidectomy - A Sri Lankan perspective
Authors: Fernando R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The technique of thyroidectomy has emerged during the last 100 years, from a turbulent past’, due to the outstanding contributions made by many including the “Magnificent Seven” of thyroid surgery. The dissection of the gland, preservation Parathyroid function and protecting the Nerves are dealt with meticulously.
Total thyroidectomy is associated with complications of bleeding, permanent injury to Nerves and permanent hypoparathyroidism. Many centres have reported incidence of complications around 1-3%. This is the bench mark for surgeons world over.
Voice change is a major concern after thyroidectomy. A study has shown that RLN recovery much faster than the recovery of the EBSLN. The recovery will take up to 3 months in most patients.
Assessment of the surgical practices related to thyroid disease in Sri Lanka has shown that the practices have changed over the last decade. More total thyroidectomies are undertaken. Younger surgeons are undertaking more total thyroidectomies.
The quoted incidence of Incidental carcinoma is around 10-20% in the literature. In two studies done in the unit, an incidence between 8.8% and 11.38% was seen. This factor must be considered in surgical decision making for benign disease.
Most common cause of recurrences is the enlargement of embryological remnants of the thyroid and a modern thyroid surgeon must excise the embryological remnants meticulously.
Surgery for recurrent goitre is a difficult task. Data confirms that Lateral approach to the thyroid makes the task much easier. This must be considered a bench for Sri Lanka.
Cosmetic issues and cost must also be considered in thyroidectomy. Data confirms that Mini incision open thyroidectomy is a safe cost effective alternative to endoscopic thyroidectomy The obituary of open total thyroidectomy shall not be written for a long time.