bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing workload in malignant melanoma sentinel node examination: a national study of pathology reports from 507 melanoma patients
Authors: Mellemgaard Carina , Christensen Ib Jarle , Salkus Giedrius , Wirenfeldt Staun Pia , Korsgaard Niels , Hein Lindahl Kim , Skaarup Larsen Mathilde , Klausen Siri , Lade-Keller Johanne 
Published: February 2023

AimsEven though extensive melanoma sentinel node (SN) pathology protocols increase metastasis detection, there is a need for balancing high detection rates with reasonable workload. A newly tested Danish protocol recommended examining nodes at six levels 150 µm apart (six-level model) and using SOX10 and Melan-A immunohistochemistry (IHC). We explored if a protocol examining 3 levels 300 µm apart (three-level model) combined with IHC would compromise metastasis detection. The study aim was to optimise the protocol to reduce workload without compromising detection rate.Methods8 months after protocol implementation, we reviewed the pathology reports of SNs from 507 melanoma patients nationwide, including 117 SN-positive patients. Each report was reviewed to determine histopathological features, including detection of metastasis, exact levels with metastasis, exact levels with metastasis >1 mm in diameter and IHC results.ResultsThe six-level model detected metastases in 23% of patients, whereas the three-level model would have detected metastases in 22% of patients. The three-level model would have missed a few small metastases (n=4), measuring <0.1 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.4 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively. The six-level model detected metastases >1 mm in 7% of patients. One of these metastases (measuring 1.1 mm) would have been detected by the three-level model, but not as >1 mm. SOX10 and Melan-A had equal sensitivity.ConclusionsReducing the number of levels examined to three levels 300 µm apart combined with IHC does not have significant impact on metastasis detection rate, and we will therefore recommend that the future melanoma SN guideline takes this into consideration to reduce overall workload.
Modified GAN with Proposed Feature Set for Text-to-Image Synthesis
Authors: Talasila Vamsidhar , Narasingarao M. R. , Mohan V. Murali 
Published: February 2023

Automated synthesis of practical images from the text could be useful and interesting; however, present AI systems are yet far from this objective. Nevertheless, in current years, powerful and generic Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) structures were introduced to train discriminative text feature representation. In the meantime, Deep Convolutional GANs have started producing highly convincing images of specified categories, like room interiors, album covers, and faces. In this research work, we plan to develop a new model for text-to-image synthesis, which contains three important phases: (i) feature extraction, (ii) text encoding, and (iii) optimal image synthesis. Initially, the text features such as improved TF–IDF, bag of words, and N-gram are extracted from the text and they are trained by Bi-LSTM. During the encoding of an image from text, cross-modal feature grouping is performed. Further, the image is synthesized using modified GAN (MGAN) with a new loss function. Here, for precise synthesis of images, the weights of GAN are optimized using Self-improved Social Ski-Driver (SI-SSD) optimization algorithm. Eventually, the superiority of the suggested model is examined via an assessment over existing schemes.
Reconsidering Photonic Quantum Heat Engine Efficiency
Authors: Kirk Alexander P. 
Published: February 2023

A device — referred to as a photonic quantum heat engine — was reported in Nature Photonics [J. Kim, S. Oh, D. Yang, J. Kim, M. Lee and K. An, A photonic quantum engine driven by superradiance, Nat. Photon. 16 (2022) 707–711] with an efficiency of [Formula: see text]%. Moreover, in a related News & Views contribution in the same issue [M. Kim, M. Scully and A. Svidzinsky, A supercharged photonic quantum heat engine, Nat. Photon. 16 (2022) 669–670], this device was reported to exceed the Carnot limit, an extraordinary claim. As Carl Sagan once remarked, “Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence.” Here, we outline the fundamental lack of empirical evidence that would be required to support such a claim, show that the actual efficiency of the device is [Formula: see text] 0% and bring to attention critical aspects of the operating physics of the device.
NATURAL DISASTERS AND DEBT FINANCING COSTS
Authors: FISERA BORIS , HORVATH ROMAN , MELECKY MARTIN 
Published: February 2023

Using a comprehensive dataset of 272 large-scale natural disasters in 83 countries from 1986 to 2018, we find that disasters increase government debt financing costs (T-bill rates and 10-year government bond yields) but only in the middle- and low-income countries. This distinct response relative to high-income countries is due to lower levels of credit market depth, of private insurance penetration, and of central bank independence. The results for all natural disasters are driven by biological (epidemic) and climatological disasters — two types of hazards, the frequency and severity of which have been rising.
Impact of Lipoprotein(a) on Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes in a Multiethnic Population in the French Amazon
Authors: Dordonne Sabrina , Mergeayfabre Mayka , Hafsi Nezha , Ntoutoum Andre , Salazar-Cardozo Clara , Casse Olivier , Hounnou Marianne , Adenis Antoine , Aurelus Jean-Markens , Misslin-Tristch Caroline , Carod Jean-François , De Toffol Bertrand , Lienne Jean François , Demar Magalie , Nacher Mathieu , Sabbah Nadia 
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims. In French Guiana, the prevalence of diabetes is around 10%, and cardio and neurovascular pathologies are the first medical cause of early mortality. Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is described in the literature as a risk factor independent of other cardiovascular risk factors, but there are important interindividual differences, especially according to ethnicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of Lp(a) and macrovascular complications in a multiethnic population of patients with diabetes in the French Amazon. Materials and Methods. Since May 2019, 1243 patients were screened 806 of whom had Lp(a) determination. We compared the prevalence of macrovascular complications in three groups according to Lp(a) concentration: between 0 and 75 mg/mL, between 76 and 300 mg/mL, and >300 mg/mL. Results. 712 patients in the study had type 2 diabetes (88.34% of the sample). A history of hypertension was significantly associated with greater Lp(a) levels. Lp(a) concentration was greater among Creole ethnic groups. No association was found between Lp(a) levels and macrovascular complications in the

Lp

a

>
300

mg/mL group. Conclusions. These results do not replicate findings in mostly Caucasian populations suggesting that the Lp(a) threshold for, or the link with, cardiovascular risk may be different given the predominantly African origin of the French Guianese population. Further studies should study genetic polymorphisms in our population.
Cancer Cells Employ the Most Prolific RNA Editors: A Closer Look at the Single-Cell Level
Authors: Luo Yikai , Liang Han 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAdenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a major source of nucleotide diversification that has significant mechanistic implications in cancer progression and treatment response. However, its activity and prevalence have not yet been systematically determined at a single-cell resolution. Chan and colleagues revealed widespread A-to-I RNA editing events in single cancer cells through an in-depth analysis of a public lung adenocarcinoma single-cell transcriptome dataset. Edits significantly enriched in cancer cells compared to other cell types have the potential to inhibit innate immune response and to predict poor therapeutic response and prognosis in patients treated with targeted therapies.See related article by Chan et al., p. 374
The Oral PI3Kδ Inhibitor Linperlisib for the Treatment of Relapsed and/or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma: A Phase II, Single-Arm, Open-Label Clinical Trial
Authors: Wang Tingyu , Sun Xiuhua , Qiu Lihua , Su Hang , Cao Junning , Li Zhiming , Song Yuqin , Zhang Li , Li Dengju , Wu Huijing , Zhang Wei , Li Junmin , Zhou Keshu , Zhou Hui , Yang Yu , Li Zhifeng , Cen Hong , Cai Zhen , Zhang Zhihui , Fu Weijun , Jin Jie , Li Fei , Wu Weixin , Gu Xuekui , Zhu Weiliang , Liu Lihong , Li Zengjun , Yi Shuhua , Bao Hanying , Xu Zusheng , Qiu Lugui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurpose:To investigate the efficacy and safety of the novel orally active PI3Kδ inhibitor in relapsed and/or refractory patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) who had received at least two prior systemic treatments.Patients and Methods:Histologically confirmed relapsed and/or refractory patients with FL with disease progression after receiving second-line or greater systemic therapy were enrolled. Linperlisib was administered at 80 mg every day, orally in a 28-day cycle until disease progression or intolerable toxicity occurred. The primary outcome for the study was the objective response rate (ORR), with secondary outcomes including the duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), disease control rate, and drug safety profile.Results:Of 114 screened relapsed and/or refractory patients with FL, 84 were enrolled in the full analysis set (FAS). The ORR of the 84 FAS patients was 79.8% [95% confidence interval (CI), 69.6–87.8, 67 patients], with 13 patients (15.5%) achieving a complete response and 54 patients (64.3%) with a partial response. The median DOR was 12.3 months (95% CI, 9.3–15.9). The median PFS was 13.4 months (95% CI, 11.1–16.7). The 12-month OS rate was 91.4% (95% CI, 82.7–95.8) and a median OS not reached by 42 months. The most frequent (&gt;3%) treatment-related adverse events Grade ≥3 were infectious pneumonia (19.0%), neutropenia (15.5%), decreased lymphocyte count (4.8%), decreased leukocyte count (4.8%), increased lipase (3.6%), decreased platelet count (3.6%), hypertriglyceridemia (3.6%), and interstitial lung disease (3.6%).Conclusions:Linperlisib demonstrated compelling clinical activity and manageable tolerability for relapsed and/or refractory patients with FL who had received at least two prior systemic therapies.
New Cerebral Microbleeds After Catheter‐Based Structural Heart Interventions: An Exploratory Analysis
Authors: Braemswig Tim Bastian , Kusserow Madeleine , Bellmann Barbara , Beckhoff Frederik , Reinthaler Markus , von Rennenberg Regina , Erdur Hebun , Scheitz Jan F. , Galinovic Ivana , Villringer Kersten , Leistner David M. , Audebert Heinrich J. , Endres Matthias , Landmesser Ulf , Haeusler Karl Georg , Fiebach Jochen B. , Lauten Alexander , Rillig Andreas , Nolte Christian H. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are increasingly recognized as “covert” brain lesions indicating increased risk of future neurological events. However, data on CMBs in patients undergoing catheter‐based structural heart interventions are scarce. Therefore, we assessed occurrence and predictors of new CMBs in patients undergoing catheter‐based left atrial appendage closure and percutaneous mitral valve repair using the MitraClip System.

Methods and Results

We conducted an exploratory analysis using data derived from 2 prospective, observational studies. Eligible patients underwent cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (3 Tesla) examinations and cognitive tests (using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment) before and after catheter‐based left atrial appendage closure and percutaneous mitral valve repair. Forty‐seven patients (53% men; median age, 77 years) were included. New CMBs occurred in 17 of 47 patients (36%) following catheter‐based structural heart interventions. Occurrences of new CMBs did not differ significantly between patients undergoing catheter‐based left atrial appendage closure and percutaneous mitral valve repair (7/25 versus 10/22;
P
=0.348). In univariable analysis, longer procedure time was significantly associated with new CMBs. Adjustment for heparin attenuated this association (adjusted odds ratio [per 30 minutes]: 1.77 [95% CI, 0.92–3.83];
P
=0.090).

Conclusions
New CMBs occur in approximately one‐third of patients after catheter‐based left atrial appendage closure and percutaneous mitral valve repair using the MitraClip System. Our data suggest that longer duration of the procedure may be a risk factor for new CMBs. Future studies in larger populations are needed to further investigate their clinical relevance.

Clinical Trial Registration

German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00010300 (
https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00010300
);
ClinicalTrials.gov
: NCT03104556 (
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03104556?term=NCT03104556&draw=2&rank=1
).
Frequency and Type of Outpatient Visits for Patients With Cardiovascular Ambulatory‐Care Sensitive Conditions During the COVID‐19 Pandemic and Subsequent Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: McAlister Finlay A. , Hsu Zoe , Dong Yuan , Tsuyuki Ross T. , van Walraven Carl , Bakal Jeffrey A. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Because the impact of changes in how outpatient care was delivered during the COVID‐19 pandemic is uncertain, we designed this study to examine the frequency and type of outpatient visits between March 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020 (prepandemic) and from March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021 (pandemic) and specifically compared outcomes after virtual versus in‐person outpatient visits during the pandemic.

Methods and Results
Population‐based retrospective cohort study of all 3.8 million adults in Alberta, Canada. We examined all physician visits and 30‐ and 90‐day outcomes, with a focus on those adults with the cardiovascular ambulatory‐care sensitive conditions heart failure, hypertension, and diabetes. Our primary outcome was emergency department visit or hospitalization, evaluated using survival analysis accounting for competing risk of death. Although in‐person outpatient visits decreased by 38.9% in the year after March 1, 2020 (10 142 184 versus 16 592 599 in the prior year), the introduction of virtual visits (7 152 147; 41.4% of total) meant that total outpatient visits increased by 4.1% in the first year of the pandemic for Albertan adults. Outpatient visit frequency (albeit 41.4% virtual, 58.6% in‐person) and prescribing patterns were stable in the first year after pandemic onset for patients with the cardiovascular ambulatory‐care sensitive conditions we examined, but laboratory test frequency declined by 20% (serum creatinine) to 47% (glycosylated hemoglobin). In the first year of the pandemic, virtual outpatient visits were associated with fewer subsequent emergency department visits or hospitalizations (compared with in‐person visits) for patients with heart failure (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.90 [95% CI, 0.85–0.96] at 30 days and 0.96 [95% CI, 0.92–1.00] at 90 days), hypertension (aHR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.85–0.91] and 0.93 [95% CI, 0.91–0.95] at 30 and 90 days), or diabetes (aHR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.87–0.93] and 0.93 [95% CI, 0.91–0.95] at 30 and 90 days).

Conclusions
The adoption and rapid uptake of virtual outpatient care during the COVID‐19 pandemic did not negatively impact frequency of follow‐up, prescribing, or short‐term outcomes, and could have potentially positively impacted some of these for adults with heart failure, diabetes, or hypertension in a setting where there was an active reimbursement policy for virtual visits. Given declines in laboratory monitoring and screening activities, further research is needed to evaluate whether long‐term outcomes will differ.
Hierarchy of Intra- and Cross-modal Redundancy Gains in Visuo-tactile Search: Evidence from the Posterior Contralateral Negativity
Authors: Nasemann Jan , Töllner Thomas , Müller Hermann J. , Shi Zhuanghua 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Redundant combination of target features from separable dimensions can expedite visual search. The dimension-weighting account explains these “redundancy gains” by assuming that the attention-guiding priority map integrates the feature-contrast signals generated by targets within the respective dimensions. The present study investigated whether this hierarchical architecture is sufficient to explain the gains accruing from redundant targets defined by features in different modalities, or whether an additional level of modality-specific priority coding is necessary, as postulated by the modality-weighting account (MWA). To address this, we had observers perform a visuo-tactile search task in which targets popped out by a visual feature (color or shape) or a tactile feature (vibro-tactile frequency) as well as any combination of these features. The RT gains turned out larger for visuo-tactile versus visual redundant targets, as predicted by the MWA. In addition, we analyzed two lateralized event-related EEG components: the posterior (PCN) and central (CCN) contralateral negativities, which are associated with visual and tactile attentional selection, respectively. The CCN proved to be a stable somatosensory component, unaffected by cross-modal redundancies. In contrast, the PCN was sensitive to cross-modal redundancies, evidenced by earlier onsets and higher amplitudes, which could not be explained by linear superposition of the earlier CCN onto the later PCN. Moreover, linear mixed-effect modeling of the PCN amplitude and timing parameters accounted for approximately 25% of the behavioral RT variance. Together, these behavioral and PCN effects support the hierarchy of priority-signal computation assumed by the MWA.
Ambiguous Variations in Tropical Latent Heat Flux since the Years around 1998
Authors: Zhang Rongwang , Guo Weihao , Wang Xin , Wang Chunzai 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The tropical latent heat flux (LHF) has experienced a significant increase under the background of global warming in the past four decades. However, since the years around 1998, the long-term LHF variations in the tropics have been found to be quite different in various flux products. Three different trends in the LHF, climbing, near zero, and declining, are suggested by five widely used flux products, which hinders our knowledge of the actual LHF variations. Although there are buoy observations in the tropics, these observations are hard to use to evaluate flux products as they have been assimilated and/or used as benchmarks in the flux data production. This study aims to identify credible long-term LHF variations since 1998. A linear model decomposing the LHF variations into contributions from sea surface wind U and air–sea humidity differences is first applied. The linear model results show that the LHF variations have been more positively connected to U variations since 1998. Evidence from in situ and remote sensing observations is subsequently employed to identify how U has varied recently. Both Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array (GTMBA) buoy observations (from 82 buoys) and a multisensor merged satellite product support a slightly downward trend in U in the last two decades. Such a weakening of U is not conducive to oceanic evaporation and leads to a reduced LHF. Consequently, a declining LHF under a weakening U since the emergence of the global warming “hiatus” in approximately 1998 might be more convincing in the sense of data accuracy and physical consistency.

Significance Statement
The latent heat flux acts as the language of air–sea interactions. This study aims to examine how the tropical latent heat flux has changed since the emergence of the global warming slowdown in approximately 1998. The most striking finding is that the long-term variations in the tropical latent heat flux are fairly inconsistent in several widely used flux products in the last two decades. The sea surface wind variation is found to be the primary contributor to the latent heat flux variation after 1998. Observational evidence from buoy and remote sensing data is hence employed to clarify the actual sea surface wind and the latent heat flux variations.
Postprocessing of NWP Precipitation Forecasts Using Deep Learning
Authors: Rojas-Campos Adrian , Wittenbrink Martin , Nieters Pascal , Schaffernicht Erik J. , Keller Jan D. , Pipa Gordon 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study analyzes the potential of deep learning using probabilistic artificial neural networks (ANNs) for postprocessing ensemble precipitation forecasts at four observation locations. We split the precipitation forecast problem into two tasks: estimating the probability of precipitation and predicting the hourly precipitation. We then compare the performance with classical statistical postprocessing (logistical regression and GLM). ANNs show a higher performance at three of the four stations for estimating the probability of precipitation and at all stations for predicting the hourly precipitation. Further, two more general ANN models are trained using the merged data from all four stations. These general ANNs exhibit an increase in performance compared to the station-specific ANNs at most stations. However, they show a significant decay in performance at one of the stations at estimating the hourly precipitation. The general models seem capable of learning meaningful interactions in the data and generalizing these to improve the performance at other sites, which also causes the loss of local information at one station. Thus, this study indicates the potential of deep learning in weather forecasting workflows.
Dental Utilization in a Pediatric Emergency Department and Urgent Care Centers Before, During, and After Shutdown of a Pediatric Dental Clinic During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2019-2021
Authors: Whyte Fadra , Chan Wai-Yin , Silverstein Donna-Kritz , Conrad Heather , Lee Begem 
Published: February 2023

Objectives: Limited data are available on how the closure of pediatric dental clinics because of the COVID-19 pandemic affected hospital pediatric emergency department (ED) visits in the United States. We evaluated changes in dental-related visits at a pediatric ED and associated urgent care centers (UCCs) after the shutdown of a large pediatric dental clinic because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective medical record review of 811 patients aged 0 to 17 years who presented to a pediatric ED or associated UCC at Rady Children’s Hospital–San Diego for dental-related concerns from March 19, 2019, through January 17, 2021. Patients were classified into 3 periods: before shutdown, during shutdown, and after shutdown. We collected data on demographic characteristics; International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes; dental diagnosis; treatment; and COVID-19 test results. We compared the frequency and proportion of patients seen for dental-related concerns, dental diagnosis, and treatment during the 3 periods. Results: The proportion of dental-related concerns in the ED doubled during the shutdown (0.7%) and was 1.5 times higher after the shutdown (0.6%) compared with before the shutdown (0.4%; P < .001). Significantly more patients were seen in EDs than in UCCs during and after the shutdown than before the shutdown ( P = .005). During and after the shutdown, admission to the hospital for antibiotic treatment increased significantly to 6.5% and 7.9%, respectively, compared with before the shutdown (2.8%; P = .022), and nonaerosolized procedures and ED/UCC discharge increased to 13.4% and 9.3%, respectively, compared with before the shutdown (6.2%; P = .015). Conclusions: Mitigating future closures of dental offices is important given the shifted burden of dental care to the ED.