bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in postablation cardiac MRI scar between radiofrequency and cryoballoon ablation: A DECAAF II subanalysis
Authors: Nelson Daniel Wetherbee , Dhorepatil Aneesh , Kreidieh Omar , Mekhael Mario , Noujaim Charbel , Assaf Ala , Feng Han , Marrouche Nassir 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionPulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using radiofrequency (RF) and cryoballoon (Cryo) ablation are standard approaches for rhythm control in patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation. Both strategies create scars in the left atrium (LA). There have been few studies investigating the difference in scar formation between patients undergoing RF and Cryo using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging.MethodsThe current study is a subanalysis of the control arm of the Delayed‐Enhancement MRI Determinant of Successful Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation study (DECAAF II). The study was a multicenter, randomized, controlled, single‐blinded trial that evaluated atrial arrhythmia recurrence (AAR) between PVI alone and PVI plus CMR atrial fibrosis‐guided ablation. Preablation CMR and 3‐ to 6‐month postablation CMR were obtained to assess baseline LA fibrosis and scar formation, respectively.ResultsOf the 843 patients randomized in the DECAAF II trial, we analyzed the 408 patients in the primary analysis control arm that received standard PVI. Five patients received combined RF and Cryo ablations, so they were excluded from this subanalysis. Of the 403 patients analyzed, 345 underwent RF and 58 Cryo. The average procedure duration was 146 min for RF and 103 min for Cryo (p = .001). The rate of AAR at ~15 months occurred in 151 (43.8%) patients in the RF group and 28 (48.3%) patients in the Cryo group (p = .62). On 3‐month post‐CMR, the RF arm had significantly more scar (8.8% vs. 6.4%, p = .001) compared to Cryo. Patients with ≥6.5% LA scar (p < .001) and ≥2.3% LA scar around the PV antra (p = .01) on 3‐month post‐CMR had less AAR independent of the ablation technique. Cryo caused a greater percentage of right and left pulmonary vein (PV) antral scar (p = .04, p = .02) and less non‐PV antral scar (p = .009) compared to RF. On Cox regression, Cryo patients free of AAR had a greater percentage of left PV antral scar (p = .01) and less non‐PV antral scar (p = .004) compared to RF free of AAR.ConclusionIn this subanalysis of the control arm of the DECAAF II trial, we observed that Cryo formed a more significant percentage of PV antral scar and less non‐PV antral scar compared to RF. Post ablation LA scar ≥6.5% predicted freedom from AAR, independent of ablation technique. These findings may have prognostic implications in ablation technique selection and freedom from AAR.
Effect of sacubitril–valsartan on the incidence of atrial fibrillation: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Mohammad Zoya , Ahmad Javaria , Sultan Ali , Penagaluri Ashritha , Morin Daniel , Dominic Paari 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionSacubitril/valsartan reduces all‐cause mortality in heart failure (HF) patients compared to angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). ACEIs/ARBs have been shown to decrease the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesized sacubitril–valsartan decreases the incidence of AF compared to ACEis/ARBs.MethodsClinicaltrials.gov was searched for trials by terms sacubitril/valsartan, entresto, sacubitril, valsartan. Randomized controlled human trials of sacubitril/valsartan reporting AF were included. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers. Data was pooled using a random effect model. Publication bias was evaluated by funnel plots.ResultsA total of 11 trials including 11,458 patients on sacubitril/valsartan and 10,128 patients on ACEI/ARBs were identified. A total of 284 AF events were reported in the sacubitril/valsartan group compared to 256 AF events in ACEIs/ARBs. Patients on sacubitril/valsartan were as likely as patients on ACEIs/ARBs to develop AF (pooled odds ratio [OR] = 1.091, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.917–1.298, p = .324). Six atrial flutter (AFl) events were reported in six trials; 48 out of 9165 patients in the sacubitril/valsartan group developed AFl compared to 46 out of 8759 in ACEi/ARBs group. There was no difference in AFl risk between the two groups (pooled OR = 1.028, 95% CI = 0.681–1.553, p = .894). Finally, sacubitril/valsartan did not reduce the risk of atrial arrhythmias (AF + AFl) compared to ACEi/ARBs (pooled OR = 1.081, 95% CI = 0.922–1.269, p = .337).ConclusionAlthough sacubitril/valsartan reduces mortality compared to ACEIs/ARBs in HF patients, they do not reduce AF risk compared to these drugs.
Effects of switching from liraglutide to semaglutide or dulaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Iijima Takahiro , Shibuya Makoto , Ito Yuzuru , Terauchi Yasuo 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTIntroductionFew studies have examined the effects of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist switching, particularly in Japanese patients. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of switching from liraglutide to semaglutide or dulaglutide on blood glucose, body weight, and the occurrence of adverse effects in clinical practice.Materials and MethodsThis was an open‐label, prospective, randomized, parallel‐group controlled trial. Patients with type 2 diabetes treated with liraglutide (0.6 or 0.9 mg) at Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital in Japan were recruited from September 2020 to March 2022 and, after obtaining informed consent, randomly assigned to the semaglutide or dulaglutide group (1:1). Changes in the glycated hemoglobin level from baseline to weeks 8, 16, and 26 were evaluated post‐treatment.ResultsInitially, 32 participants were enrolled, of whom 30 completed the study. Glycemic control was significantly better in the semaglutide group than in the dulaglutide group (−0.42 ± 0.49% vs −0.00 ± 0.34%, P = 0.0120). Body weight significantly decreased in the semaglutide group (−2.6 ± 3.6 kg, P = 0.0153), whereas no change was observed in the dulaglutide group (−0.1 ± 2.7 kg, P = 0.8432). We found a significant difference in body weight between the groups (P = 0.0469). The proportion of participants who reported adverse events was 75.0% and 18.8% in the semaglutide and dulaglutide groups, respectively. One patient in the semaglutide group had difficulty continuing treatment due to severe vomiting and weight loss.ConclusionsSwitching from once‐daily liraglutide to once‐weekly semaglutide 0.5 mg significantly improved glycemic control and body weight compared with switching to once‐weekly dulaglutide 0.75 mg.
Evidence‐based guideline for the prevention and management of perioperative infection
Authors: Wang Qiaoyu , Cao Mingnan , Tao Hua , Fei Zhimin , Huang Xiufeng , Liang Pixia , Liu Baiyun , Liu Jianping , Lu Xiaoyang , Ma Penglin , Si Shuyi , Wang Shuo , Zhang Yuewei , Zheng Yingli , Zang Lei , Chen Xiao , Dong Zhanjun , Ge Weihong , Guo Wei , Hu Xin , Huang Xin , Li Ling , Liang Jianshu , Liu Baoge , Liu Dong , Liu Linna , Liu Songqing , Liu Xianghong , Miao Liyan , Ren Haixia , Shi Guangzhi , Shi Luwen , Sun Shumei , Tao Xia , Tong Rongsheng , Wang Cheng , Wang Bin , Wang Jincheng , Wang Jingwen , Wang Xiaoling , Wang Xiaoyan , Xie Jian , Xie Shouxia , Yang Hua , Yang Jianxin , You Chao , Zhang Hongyi , Zhang Yi , Zhao Chengson , Zhao Qingchun , Zhu Jiangguo , Ji Bo , Guo Ruichen , Hang Chunhua , Xi Xiaowei , Li Sheyu , Gong Zhicheng , Zhou Jianxin , Wang Rui , Zhao Zhigang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe have updated the guideline for preventing and managing perioperative infection in China, given the global issues with antimicrobial resistance and the need to optimize antimicrobial usage and improve hospital infection control levels.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the evidence for prevention and management of perioperative infection, based on the concepts of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. The strength of recommendations was graded and voted using the Delphi method and the nominal group technique. Revisions were made to the guidelines in response to feedback from the experts.ResultsThere were 17 questions prepared, for which 37 recommendations were made. According to the GRADE system, we evaluated the body of evidence for each clinical question. Based on the meta‐analysis results, recommendations were graded using the Delphi method to generate useful information.ConclusionsThis guideline provides evidence to perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis that increased the rational use of prophylactic antimicrobial use, with substantial improvement in the risk‐benefit trade‐off.
Why Bhutan needs a policy push on person‐centred care
Authors: Pelzang Rinchen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDelivering quality healthcare services to people has become a core issue for the Bhutanese healthcare system. There are considerable challenges for healthcare policymakers to recognise and implement an appropriate healthcare model to enhance quality healthcare services in the Bhutanese healthcare system. Actions to improve quality healthcare services in Bhutan requires careful analysis of the healthcare model in the context of the Bhutanese socio‐political and healthcare environment. This article provides a brief concept analysis of person‐centred care in the context of the Bhutanese socio‐political and healthcare environment and describes why it is important to integrate person‐centred care into the healthcare system. The article argues that person‐centred care is important and relevant to the Bhutanese healthcare system to achieve quality healthcare services and Gross National Happiness.
The Demand for Trade Protection over the Business Cycle
Authors: AURAY STÉPHANE , DEVEREUX MICHAEL B. , EYQUEM AURÉLIEN 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe build measures of the demand for trade protection, and relate them to permanent productivity and transitory monetary shocks identified from U.S. data. The demand for trade protection is countercyclical conditional on productivity shocks and procyclical conditional on monetary shocks. A two‐country dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with trade in intermediate and final goods, sticky prices, and incomplete financial markets is proposed, in which tariffs are determined in a repeated noncooperative policy game. The resulting trade policies are consistent with the empirical evidence about the cyclical pattern of trade protection demand.
A rutile and titanite record of subduction fluids: Integrated oxygen isotope and trace element analyses in Franciscan high‐pressure rocks
Authors: Page F. Zeb , Storey Craig D. ,   EIMF
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn situ oxygen analysis of garnet in eclogite and related rocks is increasingly being used to probe the composition of subduction fluids. However, in many cases, these samples contain textural signs of both fluid flow and retrograde metamorphism, some of which may take place outside the garnet stability field. In order to test the connection between polymetamorphism and fluid infiltration, rutile rimmed by titanite from high‐grade tectonic blocks of the Franciscan Formation (California, USA) was analysed for oxygen isotope ratios and trace element concentrations. Zirconium concentrations in rutile yield temperatures of ~600°C for eclogite and hornblende eclogite from three well‐studied localities (Junction School, Tiburon and Ward Creek). Rutile trace element concentrations are generally low and consistent with a mafic protolith. Titanite surrounding rutile has inherited much of its trace element content from rutile, and Zr‐in‐titanite temperatures are spuriously high. Titanite in rutile‐free samples (blueschist and eclogite from Jenner beach) have similar compositions suggesting that they were formed at the expense of rutile as well. Oxygen isotope ratios from rutile and titanite in the same sample are fortuitously similar, indicating disequilibrium between these minerals, which formed at different times and temperatures but in equilibrium with the same oxygen reservoir. Rutile in blocks with garnets zoned in oxygen isotopes are generally in equilibrium with the rims rather than the cores. Slow oxygen diffusion in rutile and the low temperatures of formation require that rutile recrystallized after fluid interaction and before blueschist facies metamorphism. External fluid interaction of Franciscan eclogites took place near the peak of metamorphism.
The mechanism of Croci stigma in the treatment of melasma based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Yin Wenxian , Zhao Fulan , He Yingmeng , Lai Hui , Sun Mengqi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the molecular mechanism of Croci stigma (CS) in the treatment of melasma by network pharmacology and molecular docking.MethodsTCMSP, CTD, STITCH, SymMap, GeneCard, GenBank, OMIM and DrugBank databases were used to obtain the components and targets of CS and the targets of chloasma. STRING was used to build a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of intersecting targets between drugs and diseases. Cytoscape was used to establish drug‐compounds‐targets‐disease network and analyze PPI network. R was used for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis and visualization. AutoDock was used for molecular docking and R was used to visualize docking results.ResultsFour active compounds were screened out from CS, and 31 target genes intersecting with melasma were found after further analysis. The top 10 hub genes were found after analysis of the PPI network, including TYR, TYRP1, DCT, CREB1, KITLG, MITF, ESR1, EDNRB, CD4, and PTGS2. In the enrichment analysis, melanogenesis was considered as the core pathway through which CS exerts its therapeutic effect on melasma. Molecular docking results showed that the core genes in the regulatory network had high binding activity with related active components, especially crocetin.ConclusionCS may treat melasma by regulating core targets, such as TYR, TYRP1, DCT, CREB1, KITLG, MITF, EDNRB, and PTGS2, and acting on melanogenesis. And crocetin may be the core compound worthy of further study.
Chitosan combined with intrauterine device prevents intrauterine adhesions after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis: A target trial emulation study
Authors: Zhang Hongjuan , Shao Lijin , Wang Lina , Gao Yu , Cui Wei , Chu Dongmei , Zhang Ying 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo compare the efficacy of chitosan and intrauterine device (IUD) combination with an IUD alone in patients with intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) who underwent hysteroscopic adhesiolysis.MethodsThis retrospective study assessed 303 patients with moderate‐to‐severe IUA (American Fertility Society [AFS] score ≥5) who underwent hysteroscopic adhesiolysis between January 2018 and December 2020. Using observational data under a cohort design, we emulated a target trial with two treatment arms: chitosan plus IUD and IUD alone groups. Second‐look hysteroscopy was performed in all patients 3 months after the initial hysteroscopy. The primary outcome was improved adhesion assessed using the AFS scoring system.ResultsThe baseline characteristics were balanced between the two groups. The second hysteroscopy revealed significantly better AFS scores in group A than in group B (values: 3 [1–4] vs. 4 [2–6], p < 0.001; change: 63% [50%–80%] vs. 44% [33%–67%], p < 0.001, respectively). Significantly better menstruation conditions (improved rate: 66% vs. 49%, p = 0.004) and endometrial thickness (mean: 7.0 mm vs. 6.0 mm, p < 0.001) were also observed in group A than in group B. Moreover, group A showed a significantly higher 1‐year clinical pregnancy rate (40% vs. 28%, p = 0.037) and better quality of life (p < 0.001) than group B.ConclusionsChitosan and IUD combination showed better efficacy in reducing adhesions and improving clinical outcomes in patients with moderate‐to‐severe IUA after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis.
Diagnostic accuracy of amniotic fluid interleukin‐6 for fetal inflammatory response syndrome
Authors: Ohkuma Kana , Ono Takeshi , Oshima Yuko , So Kunio , Tsumura Keisuke , Yamasaki Fumio , Nakura Yukiko , Yanagihara Itaru , Nomiyama Makoto , Yokoyama Masatoshi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to clarify the diagnostic accuracy of amniotic fluid interleukin‐6 for fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted in a single institution and targeted cases of preterm birth within 24 h after amniocentesis among singleton cases that underwent amniocentesis at our hospital for suspected intraamniotic inflammation (IAI) from gestational ages of 22–36 weeks between August 2014 and March 2020. FIRS was defined as >11.0 pg/mL of umbilical cord blood interleukin‐6.ResultsThe analysis included 158 pregnant women. There was a strong correlation between amniotic fluid interleukin‐6 and umbilical cord blood interleukin‐6 (r = 0.70, p < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of amniotic fluid interleukin‐6 for FIRS was 0.93, with a cutoff value of 15.5 ng/mL, and showed high sensitivity and specificity (0.91 and 0.88, respectively). An amniotic fluid interleukin‐6 cutoff value of ≥15.5 ng/mL was associated with a significant risk of FIRS (adjusted odds ratio: 27.9; 95% confidence interval: 6.3–123.0; p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe results of this study show that amniotic interleukin 6 alone can be used to diagnose FIRS prenatally. While there is a need for validation, it may be possible to treat IAI while preventing damage to the central nervous and respiratory systems in the uterus by keeping the amniotic fluid interleukin‐6 below the cutoff value.
Good is sweet and bad is bitter: Conflation of affective value of aromas with taste qualities in untrained participants
Authors: Davis Lissa A. , Running Cordelia A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn sensory evaluation, trained panelists are recommended to accurately assess complex flavors. However, many researchers assume that “simpler” qualities such as basic tastes can be reliably assessed by untrained individuals. In this work, we tested whether untrained participants would conflate the basic tastes of “bitter” and “sweet” with the hedonic aspects of an aroma by using Jelly Belly BeanBoozled® candies. These products are sweet candies which have either pleasant (e.g., coconut) or unpleasant (e.g., sour milk) aromas. In the first test, all participants rated candies with their nose open. In the second test, all participants rated candies with nose closed immediately followed by nose open. Both experiments demonstrated that sweetness was rated higher for good beans than bad beans and bitterness was rated higher for bad beans than good beans when rated with nose open. Closing the nose eliminated this difference, as all beans were actually sweet and not bitter.Practical applicationsResearchers should use caution when interpreting sensory ratings from untrained participants, even for “simple” sensations such as basic tastes. While it is often necessary to use untrained participants, these individuals may conflate the hedonic aspects of the product with other sensory qualities.
Exceptionally well‐preserved seed cones of a new fossil species of hemlock, Tsuga weichangensis sp. nov. (Pinaceae), from the Lower Miocene of Hebei Province, North China
Authors: Li Ya , Gee Carole T. , Tan Zhen‐Zhen , Zhu Yan‐Bin , Yi Tie‐Mei , Li Cheng‐Sen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTsuga (hemlock) is a small genus of 10 extant species in the Pinaceae, with a disjunct distribution in East Asia and eastern and western North America. Reliable species‐level identification of Tsuga fossils depends on the discovery of seed cones with intact bracts, but such cones are rare in the fossil record. Here we describe a new fossil species of hemlock as T. weichangensis sp. nov. based on exquisitely preserved seed cones with nearly complete bracts from the Lower Miocene of Weichang, Hebei Province, North China. This fossil species displays a mosaic of characters between Tsuga and Nothotsuga. The well‐developed and slightly exserted bract scales of T. weichangensis are reminiscent of Nothotsuga, but other characters, such as nonleaved peduncles and tongue‐shaped bract scales, in addition to monosaccate pollen found at the same fossil locality, suggest an affinity closer to Tsuga. Cladistic analysis based on 15 morphological characters and a molecular backbone constraint supports the assignment of these fossil cones to Tsuga rather than Nothotsuga, and places the fossil species of T. weichangensis in an unresolved polytomy within the genus Tsuga. The occurrence of Tsuga seed cone fossils indicate the paleoclimate in the Miocene of Weichang was warmer and more humid than today's climate, which is consistent with the paleoclimate reconstructed by paleopalynology.
Prognostic value of serum cystatin C concentration in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease
Authors: Iwasa Naoki , Kumazawa Rie , Nomura Saki , Shimizu Mamu , Iwata Munetaka , Hara Mayuka , Kawabe Mifumi , Kobatake Yui , Takashima Satoshi , Nishii Naohito 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundImpaired renal function is 1 of the poor prognostic factors in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). However, the value of cystatin C (Cys‐C), a marker of renal function, as a prognostic marker for MMVD in dogs has not yet been explored.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the prognostic value of Cys‐C in dogs with MMVD.AnimalsFifty client‐owned small‐breed dogs with MMVD were included in this study.MethodsThis is a retrospective, cross‐sectional study. The prognostic value of serum Cys‐C concentration was assessed using univariable and multivariable Cox hazard regression analyses. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves for MMVD‐specific survival in dogs stratified into high and low Cys‐C groups were generated and analyzed using the log‐rank test.ResultsSerum Cys‐C concentrations were significantly associated with MMVD‐related death (P < .01) in both univariable (hazard ratio [HR], 5.086; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.950‐13.270) and multivariable Cox hazard regression analysis (HR, 4.657; 95% CI, 1.767‐12.270). The high Cys‐C group (n = 14) had a significantly shorter MMVD‐specific survival time than the low Cys‐C group (n = 36;P < .01). In dogs with normal blood creatinine concentrations, the high Cys‐C group (n = 10) had a significantly shorter MMVD‐specific survival time than the low Cys‐C group (n = 36;P < .01).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHigh serum Cys‐C concentrations were associated with a worse prognosis of MMVD. Furthermore, serum Cys‐C could be a predictor of MMVD prognosis even in dogs with normal blood creatinine concentration.