bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accompaniment How to Quickly Read The Bold Book (CBKG) Phase II With Qawa'id And Tarjamah Methods for Students of The Mambaul Ihsan Islamic Boarding School
Authors: Widodo Arif , Ainak Roihanatul 
Published: August 2023

The purpose of community service activities in this form is to provide advanced basic knowledge and skills regarding procedures for reading bare books using the Qawa'id and Tarjamah methods and to foster a passion for reading bare books through CBKG. The method used uses the method in the workings of PAR (Participatory Action Research). The findings and results of this activity show that there is an increase in basic knowledge and skills greater than stage I regarding the procedure for reading bare books using the Qawa'id and Tarjamah methods on the book Fathul Mu'in and it turns out that it can also foster a passion for reading bare books.

Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dalam bentuk ini adalah ingin memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dasar lanjutan mengenai tata cara baca kitab gundul dengan metode Qawa’id dan Tarjamah dan Ingin menumbuhkan semangat gemar membaca kitab gundul melalui CBKG.Metode yang digunakan menggunakan metode dalam cara kerja PAR (Participatory Action Research). Adapun temuan dan hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah nampak adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dasar lebih besar dari tahap I mengenai tata cara baca kitab gundul dengan metode Qawa’id dan Tarjamah pada kitab Fathul Mu’in dan ternyata juga dapat menumbuhkan semangat gemar membaca kitab gundul.
E-commerce dan Startup: Wujud Inovasi Keberlanjutan Bisnis Di Era Industri 4.0
Authors: Marhawati  , A. Azizah  , Erwina  , Raflianto  
Published: August 2023

The importance of innovating and creating in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 we are required to be smarter in innovation in order to get the highest benefits from new emerging technologies. For this reason, this study will present a literature review of the role of e-commerce and startups as a form of business sustainability innovation in the industrial era 4.0. The method used in this research is through conceptual and theoretical deepening as well as the collection of information and data related to e-commerce starup and innovation as well as supporting data from various sources. The results of the study stated that it is appropriate for us to move from traditional business to digital-based business by keeping up with the times, one of which is by utilizing e-commerce and startups as business innovations that are able to compete in globalization. The current solution is the availability of counseling and training by institutions or institutions regarding digital business for people who do not understand information technology. One thing in Indonesia that makes optimism is the number of strong entrepreneurial spirits, so that Indonesian e-commerce will only get stronger in the future, one example is Tokopedia.
Morphological changes in female reproductive organs in the African monarch butterfly, host to a male-killing Spiroplasma
Authors: Malmberg Jenny , Martin Simon H. , Gordon Ian J. , Sihvonen Pasi , Duplouy Anne 
Published: August 2023

Background
Sexual selection and conflicts within and between sexes promote morphological diversity of reproductive traits within species. Variation in the morphology of diagnostic reproductive characters within species offer an excellent opportunity to study these evolutionary processes as drivers of species diversification. The African monarch, Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus, 1758), is widespread across Africa. The species is polytypic, with the respective geographical ranges of the four colour morphs only overlapping in East Africa. Furthermore, some of the populations host an endosymbiotic bacterium, Spiroplasma, which induces son-killing and distorts the local host population sex-ratio, creating sexual conflicts between the females seeking to optimize their fecundity and the limited mating capacity of the rare males.

Methods
We dissected females from Kenya, Rwanda and South Africa, where Spiroplasma vary in presence and prevalence (high, variable and absent, respectively), and conducted microscopy imaging of their reproductive organs. We then characterized the effect of population, female body size, and female mating status, on the size and shape of different genitalia characters of the D. chrysippus female butterflies.

Results
We showed that although the general morphology of the organs is conserved in D. chrysippus, female genitalia vary in size and shape between and within populations. The virgin females have smaller organs, while the same organs were expanded in mated females. Females from highly female-biased populations, where the male-killing Spiroplasma is prevalent, also have a larger area of their corpus bursae covered with signa structures. However, this pattern occurs because a larger proportion of the females remains virgin in the female-biased populations rather than because of male depletion due to the symbiont, as males from sex-ratio distorted populations did not produce significantly smaller nutritious spermatophores.
Repetition velocity as a measure of loading intensity in the free weight and Smith machine Bulgarian split squat
Authors: Liao Kaifang , Bian Chao , Chen Zhili , Yuan Zhihang , Bishop Chris , Han Mengyuan , Li Yongming , Zheng Yong 
Published: August 2023

This study investigated the grouped and individualized load-velocity profile (GLVP vs. ILVP) in Bulgarian split squat using Smith machine and free weight. Seventy five recreational male lifters completed two incremental loading tests of Bulgarian split squat. Mean velocity was measured by a linear-position transducer (GymAware). Linear regression equation was applied to construct the GLVP and ILVP. The agreement of predicted %1RM and measured %1RM was assessed by a combination of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), standard error of measurement (SEM) and Bland-Altman analysis. Acceptable validity was defined as ICC > 0.75, CV ≤ 10% and p ≥ 0.05 (a paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test). A very high level of inverse load-velocity relationships were demonstrated in Bulgarian split squat (r = − 0.92) with free weights and a Smith machine. ILVP (ICC ≥ 0.98, CV ≤ 8.73%, p ≥ 0.56) was valid enough to predict the %1RM, but GLVP of both limbs revealed large CVs in free weights (CV: 15.4%,15.63%) and a Smith machine (CV: 11.24%, 12.25%). Cross-validation between the actual %1RM and predicted %1RM using free weights and a Smith machine ILVP was not acceptable (p ≤ 0.03, CV ≥ 14.07%). A very high level of inverse relationship were observed between %1RM and MV in Bulgarian split squat using free weights and a Smith machine, indicating individualized load velocity properties, and the ILVP showed high between-devices variability in both scenarios. Using velocity as a measure of loading intensity in Bulgarian split squat needs to consider the individualized load velocity properties, and difference between free weights and a Smith machine.
High anteromedial insertion reduced anteroposterior and rotational knee laxity on mid-term follow-up after anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Xiaohan , Qian Yi , Gao Feng , He Chen , Guo Sen , Gao Qi , Zhou Jingbin 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThe position of the femoral insertion has a great influence on the laxity of the knee joint after ACLR, especially for rotational laxity.PurposeTo compare the effects of different femoral tunnel positions on knee stability after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).MethodsThe clinical outcomes of 165 patients after autograft ACLR were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were separated into three groups according to the position of the femoral tunnel, as follows: low center (LC) group, 53 patients; high center (HC) group, 45 patients; and high anteromedial (HAM) group, 67 patients. The side-to-side differences (SSDs) in anteroposterior knee laxity measured using a KT-2000 arthrometer and the pivot shift test (PST) pre- and postoperatively were compared among the three groups and analyzed.ResultsAfter 5 years postoperatively, the SSD in the anteroposterior knee laxity in the three groups was significantly decreased postoperatively compared with preoperatively in knees; meanwhile, the negative PST rate was significantly increased in the three groups. The postoperative SSD in anteroposterior knee laxity was significantly increased in the HC group compared with the LC and HAM groups (1.5 ± 1.3 VS 1.0 ± 1.1 VS 1.0 ± 1.0,P<0.05). The negative postoperative PST rate was higher in both the LC and HAM groups than in the HC group (84.9% VS 91.0% VS 71.1%,P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the negative PST rate between the LC and HAM groups (84.9% VS 91.0%,P>0.05). The negative postoperative PST rate was significantly higher in the HAM group than in the LC and HC groups for patients with a high degree of laxity preoperatively (31.3% VS 3.3% VS 14.4%,P>0.05).ConclusionPatients in HAM group showed better control over anteroposterior laxity, rotational laxity, and subjective knee function compared to other groups post operation. Therefore, the HAM point is the closest to the I.D.E.A.L point concept, and is recommended as the preferred location for the femoral tunnel in ACLR.
Challenges Arising from Universal Free Basic Education, Eswatini
Authors: Dlamini  , Jedishkem Epilogue , Jedishkem Jesfaith 
Published: August 2023

Aims: In Eswatini, assiduous efforts are made to make education accessible to all, disadvantaged inclusive. The study examined public primary school teacher challenges as a result of free basic education (FBE), identified its impact, and conceivable mitigation strategies.
Study Design: The empirical procedure adopted the qualitative and quantitative design approaches to give insightful factual outcomes that can be generalized.
Place and Duration of Study: Randomly selected public primary schools from the four regions of Eswatini participated in the study during the 2020 to 2021 academic year.
Methodology: Population covered 30 teachers sampled under convenience and referral from 15 randomly selected schools. Data was collected by means of surveys.
Results: Teachers had a common opinion of the significance of FBE, it opened doors for children who would otherwise have missed a chance for education. Further findings indicated a plethora of problems since the introduction of FBE, such as shortages of teaching-learning facilities/resources, influx of learners, lack of attention to individual learner needs and trajectories, declined discipline, and deficient in teaching staff. Also, the deterioration of quality education due to automatic promotional policy.
Conclusion: Patterns of educational disadvantage must be tackled in Eswatini, visible drawbacks were shortage in facilities/materials needed for instruction, decline in discipline, difficile in attending to special needs learners in overcrowded classrooms, limiting productivity of schools, teachers, learners, and quality of education. It is hoped that the findings would shed more light on FBE for multi-stakeholder collaborations that will bring about decisions and strategies to affect its success for productive educational goals.
Fast Food Consumption and Dental Caries among Teenagers
Authors: Hossain Md. Suman , Tuhin Ruhul Amin , Wahiduzzaman Md. , Begum Hosne Ara , Ahmed Anam 
Published: August 2023

Background: Dental caries in teenagers is a significant public health concern. Fast food consumption among teenagers in Bangladesh is steadily increasing. The objectives of the study were to determine the association between fast food consumption and dental caries among teenagers.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2022. The calculated sample size was 345 teenagers from two secondary schools in Dhaka city. The convenience sampling technique was used to collect data through face-to-face interviews with a pretested, semi-structured questionnaire. A checklist was also used to collect data through clinical examination of the oral cavity. By double-checking, data were altered for quality control. Statistical software was used to analyze the data.
Results: Among 345 teenagers, the mean ± SD age was 14.88±1.17 years. The majority of the teenagers (53.6%) were female and Muslim (95%). Around 59.4% of the teenagers' fathers were business owners, while 37.4% were government employees. The majority of respondents (73.3%) ate breakfast before going to school and 52.2% took food from the school canteen. The majority (93.3%) ate at outside restaurants, with 90.4% eating fast food. 59.7% of people ate fast food at least once a week. Dental caries affected 36.8% of the teenager who ate fast food (p<0.05). A significant association was found between dental caries and the frequency of fast-food consumption. Among the respondents, 4.8% had dental caries who ate fast food daily (p<0.05).
Conclusion: To prevent dental caries, teenagers should avoid eating fast food and snacks between meals and brush their teeth on a regular basis.
Spatial Yield Assessment of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor) Using DSSAT – CERES –Sorghum Model in Solapur, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Raj H. Chandrakant , Boomiraj K. , Pazhanivelan S. , Moorthy N. K. Sathya , Prasanthrajan M. 
Published: August 2023

Accurate estimation of crop yield is crucial for ensuring food security and effective policy making. This study focuses on the estimation of sorghum yield in the Solapur region of Maharashtra (India), employing the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) model. Sorghum is the fifth largely produced staple crop of the world which also plays a vital role in the food security produced by India. Maharashtra has the largest area under sorghum crop, and Solapur has the most area under rabi sorghum with an area of 4.6 lakh ha, accounting for 23% of the total area under rabi sorghum in the state. Although productivity is lower in Maharashtra than in other states, these studies will help us to get a preharvest estimate of the crop. Crop Cutting Experiments(CCE) were conducted for rabi sorghum and the model was validated for the simulated yields; which have a range of grain yield from 611 to 1525 kgs ha-1 and showed error with less than 14% and it was evaluated with statistical models such R2, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) and results show as 84%, 0.84 and 0.07. This model can be used further used for the yield gap analysis, and climate change studies for the locations.
Risk Attitude of Farmers in the Climate Extreme Region of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Naik P. Bhargav , Vidhyavathi A. , Rani S. Padma , Vasanthi R. , Rani A. Janaki 
Published: August 2023

Aim: The objective of the current study was to assess the risk attitude of both insured and non-insured farmers and identify the factors influencing the risk attitude of insured and non-insured farmers.
Study Area and Design: An ex-post-facto study was conducted, and the stratified random sampling method was used to collect the data at selected villages in Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh.
Methodology: A sample of 150 farmers of chilli and cotton was collected (90 insured and 60 non-insured). Data regarding the agriculture year 2021-22 was analysed using Moscardi and de Janvry approach. The socioeconomic, institutional and farm characteristics were analysed by using discriminant analysis to identify the factors influencing farmers’ risk attitudes.
Results: The present study results showed that the majority of the farmers are risk neutral. In the case of risk preferers insured farmers are more compared to non-insured farmers. Insured chilli farmers more than non-insured chilli farmers in case of risk-averse but, it is the reverse in the case of cotton farmers. Occupation, constraints in getting credit facility, membership of the association, the proportion of crop income to the total farm income and family size of insured chilli farmers and family size, education level membership of the association, constraints in getting credit facility, the proportion of crop income to total farm income of non-insured chilli farmers are significant. Variables like age, occupation, farming experience, constraints in getting credit facility and age, occupation, education level, and farming experience of insured and non-insured cotton farmers were found to be significant.
Conclusion: The majority of the farmers (both insured and non-insured) are risk neutral.
Assessment of Soil Microbial Status under Different Land Use System at Various Depth
Authors: Pandey Prabhat Ranjan , Singh Satvaan , Dubey Sauhard , Kumar Suneel , Singh Vikas , Mishra Hariom , Pathak Devesh , Pal Raisen , Tiwari Himanshu 
Published: August 2023

The present study was undertaken to assessment of soil microbial status under different land use system at various depth of main campus of University at Acharya Narendra, Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) during 2018-2019.
The land use systems selected for study were rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS), legume based cropping system (LBCS), and vegetable based cropping system (VBCS). Plantation land (mango, aonla and bael orchard), forest land (shisham, teak and eucalyptus) and barren land (NSP-6 farm). Soil samples were taken with GPS system from four depths viz. 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60cm in order to analyze microbial population (bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes). The bacterial population (cfu × 105 g-1) under all the four land use viz. crop land, plantation land, forest land and barren land was decreased with increasing soil depth, which ranged from 2.76 to 4.95 cfu × 105 g-1 soil. The average bacterial population values were higher in forest land followed by plantation land, crop land and barren land. The fungi population (cfu × 103 g-1) under all the four land use viz. crop land, plantation land, forest land and barren land was, also, decreased with increasing soil depth at all land use system and ranged from 0.85 to 1.77 cfu × 103 g-1 soil. The average fungi population values were higher in forest land followed by crop land, plantation land and barren land. The actinomycetes population (cfu × 104 g-1) under all the four land use viz. crop land, plantation land, forest land and barren land was decreased with increasing soil depth at all land use system. The population varied from 0.57 to 1.02 cfu × 104 g-1 soil. The average actinomycetes population values were higher in forest land followed by plantation land, crop land and barren land.
Effect of Different Concentrations of Liquid N, P& K on Growth, Yield and Quality of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Vertical Hydroponics under Shade Net
Authors: Raj Aditi , Bhadur Vijay , Topno Samir Ebson 
Published: August 2023

The experiment was carried out to find out the effect of different concentrations of liquid NPK on growth, yield and quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). The variety was “Ankita”, which is F1 hybrid. The experiment was carried out during September, 2021 to December, 2021 in Shade net, Research Field, Department of Horticulture, SHUATS, Prayagraj. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design (RBD), with eight treatments T1(16.25ml NPK & micronutrients/Pl in total), T2(18.75ml NPK & micronutrients/Pl in total), T3(21.25ml NPK & micronutrients/Pl in total) T4(23.75ml NPK & micronutrients/Pl in total) T5(26.25ml NPK & micronutrients/Pl in total) T6(28.75ml NPK & micronutrients/Pl in total) T7(31.25ml NPK & micronutrients/Pl in total) with a control (T0), replicated thrice in vertical hydroponics system. The NPK level increased by 5ml on every 15 days interval. The best result was shown by the treatment T5(26.25ml NPK & micronutrients/Pl in total). The first fruit setting, picking, vine length, number of leaves, growth of plant, chlorophyll content all parameter were superior in T5. The plants in control did not show any significant improvement as there were no nutrients given to them. The systems ran four hours daily during their vegetative growth and the timing was increased to six hours during their reproductive phase of development. Fruit formation occurs in almost all plants in each and every treatment except control there was no fruit formation.
Evaluation of Antiparkinson Activity of Vitamin C, Tizanidine and Pregabalin against Haloperidol Induced Parkinsonism in Rats
Authors: Patil Pooja , Chaware Vitthal , Thorat Ashish , Redasani Vivekkumar 
Published: August 2023

The present study deals with the antiparkinson effect of Levodopa/carbidopa, Vitamin C, Tizanidine, Pregabalin on haloperidol (1 mg/kg i.p) induced Parkinsonism in rats. Neural degeneration was induced in animals (Group II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII) by i.p. administration of haloperidol at 1mg/kg. Positive control (Group-III) treated by levodopa/carbidopa (125 mg/kg p.o.), Test 1 (Group -IV) treated by vitamin C (120mg/kg p.o.), Test 2 (Group-V) treated by Tizanidine (0.3 mg/kg i.p.), Test 3 (Group -VI) treated by Pregabalin (30 mg/kg p.o.), Test 4 (Group-VII) treated by Vitamin C(120 mg/kg p.o.) and Tizanidine (0.3 mg/kg i.p.) and Test 5 (Group-VIII) treated by Vitamin C(120 mg/kg p.o.) and Pregabalin (30mg/kg p.o) daily were given before 30 min of haloperidol challenged for 14 days. Behavioural parameters were recorded on day 14 for high bar test, actophotometer test, rotarod test. MDA level and Dopamine level were also recorded. Test 4 (Group- VII) showed more significant reduction in cataleptic score. In actophotometer, Test 4 (Group-VII) showed significant increase in locomotor activity. In rotarod test, Test 2 (Group-V) and test 4 (Group-VII) showed more significant increase motor coordination activity. Levodopa/Carbidopa showed more significant increase in dopamine level and significantly abolished cataleptic score. Vitamin C showed more significant decrease in MDA level. It can be concluded that the tizanidine and pregabalin may possess antiparkinsonian activity. Vitamin C and tizanidine may possess synergestic effect. These results showed that tizanidine and pregabalin may be used to improve catalepsy in Parkinson disease.