bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral hygiene prior to cardiac surgery to prevent infections: Randomized clinical trial
Authors: Núñez María del Rosario Ruiz , Engel Franciely Daiana , Cardoso Mariane , Castro Renata Goulart , Montoya José Antonio Gil , de Mello Ana Lúcia Schaefer Ferreira 
Published: December 2022

AbstractContextIt is not clear if an oral hygiene protocol to control biofilm applied before cardiac surgery can reduce infection rates.ObjectiveWe aim to verify the effectiveness of an oral hygiene protocol in reducing postoperative infections when compared to usual practices, in patients admitted to a cardiology unit, prior to cardiac surgery.Design, Setting and ParticipantsRandomized, blind, controlled clinical trial, with 107 participants who expected to undergo cardiac surgery, randomized into two groups: Experimental Group (EG) standardized oral hygiene protocol (54) and Control Group (CG), usual practices performed in patients admitted (53). Intervention: a standardized oral hygiene protocol, 1 day before surgery: professional prophylaxis with a portable ultrasound device, tooth brushing and flossing plus a 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate solution (0.12% CHX) mouth rinsing. When applicable, removable prostheses cleaning. Primary outcome: the presence of infection.ResultsThe occurrence of postoperative infection was higher in CG = 7 (13.2%) than in EG = 5 (9.3%); but no statistical difference was found between protocols (p = 0.518). The length of stayed from surgery to discharge presented a statistical difference (p = 0.047; RR = 4.9; CI = 1.01–24.33); the percentage of postoperative infection was almost five times higher in those participants who stayed 11 or more days.ConclusionThe standardized oral hygiene protocol with mechanical and chemical cleaning, 1 day before cardiac surgery, was not more effective than the usual practices performed regarding the reduction of postoperative infections. Other interventions regarding oral hygiene procedures before cardiac surgery must be studied to contribute to the reduction of adverse post‐surgical events.Clinical Trial RegistrationSite Ensaclinicos.gov.br number U1111‐1214‐2862.DescriptorsHealthcare Associated Infections, Cardiovascular Diseases, Periodontal Diseases, Dental Biofilm, Cardiovascular Surgery.
A Systems ‘Analysis of Latine Education in Massachusetts: A Call for Critical Intercultural Integration
Authors: Colón Melissa , Veloria Carmen N. , Pica‐Smith Cinzia , Contini Rina Manuela 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDespite attending schools in a state internationally recognized for innovation, research and education, Latine students in Massachusetts, USA continue to disproportionately experience discrimination, economic segregation, health disparities and racial inequities that have shaped their schooling experiences and outcomes across the educational pipeline (Colón, “We are beautiful people”: The schooling experiences of Puerto Rican school‐aged mothers [PhD Thesis]. Tufts University, 2019). Grounded in critical analysis of intercultural education towards social justice (Pica‐Smith et al., Social justice education in European multi‐ethnic schools. Addressing the goals of intercultural education. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, London, 2019), this paper critically examines publicly available data to highlight barriers, opportunities and the need for educational researchers, policymakers and administrators to collectively reimagine an educational project that attends to the needs of this population. In the context of the unyielding disparate impact of COVID‐19, we argue that more ever, this reimagination needs to be grounded in the dynamic conception of culture (Levitt et al., International Migration Review, 38, 1002, 2004), intercultural perspectives on education that are based on critical notions of intergroup contact, dialogue and exchange (Allport, Forms and techniques of altruistic and spiritual growth: a symposium, 1954, 367; Council of Europe, White paper on intercultural dialogue. Living together as equals in dignity, Strasburgo, 2008) and multidimensional notion of belonging at the micro and macro levels for a more just education writ large.
Locomotion development and infants' object interaction in a day‐care environment
Authors: Toyama Noriko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis longitudinal study examined the relationship between the development of locomotion and infants' interaction with others involving objects. Observations took place in a multi‐person situation—a day‐care class—for one‐year‐old infants for 1 year. The study participants were 13 infants and 7 caregivers (all Japanese). Frequencies of infants’ manual contact with objects and moving before contact with them did not differ according to locomotion developmental level. However, infants who began walking engaged in more social interactions than those who were cruising or crawling. Throughout all locomotor developmental periods, social interactions increased in frequency when more caregivers were present. As infants began to walk, they moved more prior to social interactions, had more frequent bidirectional and triadic social interactions, and moved and interacted more often with others during a single object episode. These results suggest that crawlers' engagement with objects is relatively object‐oriented, while for walkers, locomotion seems to be driven by social stimuli. Infants who have begun to walk moved among caregivers and peers in a multi‐person environment and developed more elaborated social interactions through objects.
Feasibility, comparability and outcomes of three acquainted facial island flaps for periorbital defects reconstruction
Authors: Fang Zhuoqun , Wu Yujie , Li Jun , Wang Kejia , He Ting , Wang Hongtao , Yang Xuekang , Liu Honglei , Han Juntao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSevere coloboma of ocular malignant neoplasms post‐resection poses a reconstructive challenge to surgeons. To compare the practicability, manipulability and outcomes of temporal (myocutaneous) flaps (TFs), forehead (supratrochlear artery/supraorbital artery) flaps (FFs) and buccal (facial artery) flaps (BFs) for periorbital defects reconstruction, a retrospective case series was conducted and evaluated between March 2014 and March 2021. Patient demographics and clinical parameters including age, gender, pathological diagnosis, operative methods, flap selection, operation time, aesthetic satisfaction and follow‐up period were collected. The differences in complications were compared and assessed of the three flaps, including flap survival, venous congestion and donor site healing. Totally, 68 patients who underwent periorbital reconstructive operations because of common ocular malignant tumours were reviewed in this study. As for aesthetic satisfaction, a score more than “moderately dissatisfied” was obtained in 21 patients with TFs (95.5%), and of which the scores in FFs group were 12 cases (60%) and 16 cases with BFs reconstruction (61.5%) (P < .05). Severe microvascular complications underwent re‐exploration operation occurred in one patient with FFs (1.5%) (P > .05). Notable flap necrosis was observed in two patients with BFs repair (2.9%) and in one case with FFs repair (1.5%), with no statistical difference between the three flap selections (P > .05). Moderate venous congestion occurred in one patient with TFs (1.5%), which was fully meliorated non‐surgically. The three familiar facial island flaps are considered as minor trauma and time‐saving process for reconstructing the extensive periorbital defects with comparable ranks of complications.
RETRACTED: Effects of breathing exercise techniques on the pain and anxiety of burn patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Miri Sahar , Hosseini Seyed Javad , Takasi Poorya , Mollaei Amirabbas , Firooz Mahbobeh , Falakdami Atefeh , Osuji Joseph , Ghorbani Vajargah Pooyan , Karkhah Samad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to summarise the effect of breathing exercise techniques (BET) on the pain and anxiety of burn patients during burn care. A systematic search was performed on international electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, as well as on Iranian electronic databases such as Iranmedex and Scientific Information Database (SID) with keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as ‘Burns’, ‘Bandages’, ‘Pain’, ‘Pain management’, ‘Anxiety’, ‘Breathing’, and ‘Breathing exercise’, which were performed from the earliest to 4 April 2022. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist assessed the quality of randomised control trials (RCTs) and quasi‐experimental studies. The current meta‐analysis was performed using STATA V.14.0 software. A 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine significance levels. Random effect model was used to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD). A total of 469 burn patients participated in 10 studies. Exactly 58.60% of burn patients were male, and the number of people in the intervention and control groups was equal. The mean age of burn patients was 32.84 (SD = 10.39). Exactly 78.05% of patients had second‐degree burns. The mean study duration was 19 weeks. Results of analysis of RCT studies showed BET decreased insignificantly pain severity (WMD: −1.17, 95%CI: −2.54 to 0.21, Z = 1.66, P = .096, I2:97.1%) in the intervention group than control group. However, the results of non‐RCTs studies indicated BET significantly decreased pain (WMD: −1.38, 95%CI: −2.16 to −0.61, Z = 3.49, P < .001, I2:88.4%) and anxiety (WMD: −4.91, 95%CI: −9.35 to −0.47, Z = 2.71, P = .03 0.001, I2:88.4%) in the intervention group than control group. Overall, the results of RCTs found BET intervention decreased pain in the intervention group when compared with the control group; however, it was statistically insignificant. Also, results of non‐RCT studies showed intervention of BET significantly decreased pain and anxiety in burns patients. More RCTs studies are required for better judgement of the effectiveness of BET intervention in clinical settings.
A systematic review of nurses' practice and related factors toward pressure ulcer prevention
Authors: Ghorbani Vajargah Pooyan , Mollaei Amirabbas , Falakdami Atefeh , Takasi Poorya , Moosazadeh Zahra , Esmaeili Shaqayeq , Emami Zeydi Amir , Karkhah Samad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn most health care centres, pressure ulcers (PUs) are a common concern. This systematic review aimed to summarise nurses' practice and related factors toward PU prevention. An extensive search was conducted on electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database via keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as “Pressure ulcer”, “Pressure sore”, “Bedsore”, “Practice”, and “Nurses” from the earliest to 9 March 2022. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the appraisal tool for cross‐sectional studies (AXIS tool). Data extraction and quality assessment of included studies were performed by two researchers independently. A total of 6501 nurses were enrolled in twenty‐nine studies. Of the participants, 75.15% were female and 55.64% were single, and 94.57% had a bachelor of science in nursing degree. Mean age and work experience of nurses was 30.69 (SD = 4.73) and 8.61 (SD = 5.44) years, respectively. The mean score of nurses' practices toward the prevention of PUs was 57.58 (SD = 14.62) out of 100. Also, 48.95% of nurses had a desirable practice toward the prevention of PUs. Factors such as knowledge (n = 6), attitude (n = 4), level of education (n = 4), a history of participating in workshops related to the prevention of PUs (n = 3), work experience (n = 2), area of practice (n = 2), self‐adequacy (n = 1), follow the literature (n = 1), age (n = 1), and involvement in research (n = 1) had a significant positive relationship with nurses' practice toward PUs prevention. However, the nurses practice of PUs prevention had a significant negative relationship with lack of job satisfaction (n = 1), disproportionate nurse‐to‐patient ratio (n = 1), and lack of policies and guidelines (n = 1). The level of nurses' practice toward the prevention of PUs was relatively desirable. The result of this study can help improve the practice of nurses toward PUs prevention. Increasing nurses' knowledge and attitude toward PUs prevention can improve their practice. Therefore, it is suggested that policymakers and nursing managers implement PUs prevention education for nurses based on the factors associated with nurses' practice.
The Association of Plasma Magnesium Concentration and Thyroid Gland Activity in Young Calves
Authors: Mulei C.M. , Daniel R. C.W. 
Published: December 2022

SummaryHypomagnesaemia was induced in young calves 1—2 weeks old by feeding them a diet composed of skimmed milk and barley straw to which urea, potassium chloride and soya‐bean oil were added. Blood samples were collected from each calf once a week from the jugular vein until there was a significantly lower (P < 0.01) plasma magnesium concentration in the experimental compared to the control calves receiving MgO instead of KCl. The blood samples were analysed for plasma glucose concentration and thyroid hormones as well as for plasma magnesium concentration. The Tree Thyroxine Index (FTI) values were lower (P<0.05) and plasma glucose concentrations higher (P <0.01) in the experimental calves than in the control calves. The results suggest that experimentally induced hypomagnesaemia is associated with a reduced thyroid gland activity and elevated plasma glucose concentration in young calves.
Anticarcinogenic impact of extracellular vesicles (exosomes) from cord blood stem cells in malignant melanoma: A potential biological treatment
Authors: Naeem Parisa , Baumgartner Adi , Ghaderi Nader , Sefat Farshid , Alhawamdeh Maysa , Heidari Saeed , Shahzad Fanila , Swaminathan Karthic , Akhbari Pouria , Isreb Mohammad , Anderson Diana , Wright Andrew , Najafzadeh Mojgan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIncidence of Malignant Melanoma has become the 5th in the UK. To date, the major anticancer therapeutics include cell therapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy and nanotechnology‐based strategies. Recently, extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes, have been highlighted for their therapeutic benefits in numerous chronic diseases. Exosomes display multifunctional properties, including inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and initiation of apoptosis. In the present in vitro study, the antitumour effect of cord blood stem cell (CBSC)‐derived exosomes was confirmed by the CCK‐8 assay (p < 0.05) on CHL‐1 melanoma cells and improve the repair mechanism on lymphocytes from melanoma patients. Importantly, no significant effect was observed in healthy lymphocytes when treated with the exosome concentrations at 24, 48 and 72 h. Comet assay results (OTM and %Tail DNA) demonstrated that the optimal exosome concentration showed a significant impact (p < 0.05) in lymphocytes from melanoma patients whilst causing no significant DNA damage in lymphocytes of healthy volunteers was 300 μg/ml. Similarly, the Comet assay results depicted significant DNA damage in a melanoma cell line (CHL‐1 cells) treated with CBSC‐derived exosomes, both the cytotoxicity of CHL‐1 cells treated with CBSC‐derived exosomes exhibited a significant time‐dependent decrease in cell survival. Sequencing analysis of CBSC exosomes showed the presence of the let‐7 family of miRNAs, including let‐7a‐5p, let‐7b‐5p, let‐7c‐5p, let‐7d‐3p, let‐7d‐5p and two novel miRNAs. The potency of CBSC exosomes in inhibiting cancer progression in lymphocytes from melanoma patients and CHL‐1 cells whilst causing no harm to the healthy lymphocytes makes it a potential candidate as an anticancer therapy.
Emotional dysregulation in childhood and disordered eating and self‐harm in adolescence: prospective associations and mediating pathways
Authors: Warne Naomi , Heron Jon , Mars Becky , Solmi Francesca , Biddle Lucy , Gunnell David , Hammerton Gemma , Moran Paul , Munafò Marcus , Penton‐Voak Ian , Skinner Andy , Stewart Anne , Bould Helen 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundEmotional dysregulation may be a risk factor for disordered eating and self‐harm in young people, but few prospective studies have assessed these associations long‐term, or considered potential mediators. We examined prospective relationships between childhood emotional dysregulation and disordered eating and self‐harm in adolescence; and social cognition, emotional recognition, and being bullied as mediators.MethodsWe analysed Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children data on 3,453 males and 3,481 females. We examined associations between emotional dysregulation at 7 years and any disordered eating and any self‐harm at 16 years with probit regression models. We also assessed whether social cognition (7 years), emotional recognition (8 years) and bullying victimisation (11 years) mediated these relationships.ResultsEmotional dysregulation at age 7 years was associated with disordered eating [fully adjusted probit B (95% CI) = 0.082 (0.029, 0.134)] and self‐harm [fully adjusted probit B (95% CI) = 0.093 (0.036, 0.150)] at age 16 years. There was no evidence of sex interactions or difference in effects between self‐harm and disordered eating. Mediation models found social cognition was a key pathway to disordered eating (females 51.2%; males 27.0% of total effect) and self‐harm (females 15.7%; males 10.8% of total effect). Bullying victimisation was an important pathway to disordered eating (females 17.1%; males 10.0% of total effect), but only to self‐harm in females (15.7% of total effect). Indirect effects were stronger for disordered eating than self‐harm.ConclusionsIn males and females, emotional dysregulation in early childhood is associated with disordered eating and self‐harm in adolescence and may be a useful target for prevention and treatment. Mediating pathways appeared to differ by sex and outcome, but social cognition was a key mediating pathway for both disordered eating and self‐harm.
Noncompete agreements, training, and wage competition
Authors: Shy Oz , Stenbacka Rune 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe study the effects of noncompete agreements in an environment where firms invest in training junior workers. After obtaining employer‐provided training, trained workers can choose whether to remain loyal to their initial employer or switch to the competing employer. We evaluate the effects of noncompete agreements on wages, employment, investment in training, production, profits, and total welfare. Firms earn higher profits and pay lower average wage when they require workers to sign noncompete agreements.
Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of essential oils of three Artemisia species
Authors: Seixas Paula Tatiana Lopes , Demuner Antonio Jacinto , Barbosa Luiz Claudio Almeida , Cerceau Cristiane Isaac , Blank Daiane Einhardt , Santos Marcelo Henrique Dos , Farias Elizeu de Sá , Picanço Marcelo Coutinho 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) is a vector for serious diseases in tropical regions. This pest is mainly controlled by commercial larvicides but the application of such products has led to environmental problems. Essential oils (EO) have been consistently reported as molecules with insecticidal activity and can be used to produce more environmentally friendly larvicides in the control of A. aegypti. In this study, the larvicidal effect of essential oils (EO) from the leaves of three Artemisia species was evaluated against A. aegypti. The oils were obtained from steam distillation and their chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The EO of Artemisia camphorata was the most active in the screening bioassay and presented LC50 and LC95 of 64.95 and 74.18 μg ml−1, respectively. In addition, we found that germacrene D‐4‐ol was the constituent responsible for the toxicity of this EO. Artemisia camphorata EO and its major constituent, germacrene D‐4‐ol, are promising for the development of natural larvicides against A. aegypti.
Are centenarians successful agers? Evidence from China
Authors: Lu Siyao , Shogo Ismail , Feng Qiushi , Yeung Wei‐Jun Jean 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is unclear to what degree centenarians are successful agers. We assess successful aging (SA) and its subtypes in a large Chinese sample.MethodsBased on a large national sample of 18,311 Chinese centenarians, we first estimated the prevalence of SA among centenarians, and then used the Latent Class Analysis to classify centenarians into different types based on the five dimensions of SA. Multinomial regression analysis was used to examine how demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle covariates are associated with these identified types.Results5.7% of centenarians fulfilled all five criteria of SA, and 1.3% failed all five criteria. The remainder could be classified into six types of SA. The regression analysis further revealed that these SA types were related to various social factors. For example, with timely access to medical care, centenarians were three times more likely to be successful agers.ConclusionsCentenarians demonstrate substantial heterogeneity in terms of achieving five SA criteria. Social factors are found to be significantly associated with centenarians' aging performances. Specific subtypes of SA among centenarians may be associated with and help explore different underlying biological‐environmental mechanisms of exceptional longevity.
The current and potential role of urban metabolism studies to analyze the role of food in urban sustainability
Authors: Guibrunet Louise , Sánchez Jiménez Araceli 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFood supply chains are essential for urban sustainability. To reflect on the state of knowledge on urban food flows in urban metabolism research, and the actual and potential role of urban metabolism studies to tackle food sustainability in cities, we systematically review scientific research on food from an urban metabolism perspective and apply statistical and thematic analyses. The analysis of 89 studies provides insights as to the relation between food supply and (environmental and social dimensions of) urban sustainability. First, food is an important contributor to urban environmental impacts, if a consumption‐based approach is adopted. Secondly, the social impacts of urban food supply remain scarcely studied in urban metabolism research, but emerging results on public health, malnutrition, and food waste appear promising. In parallel, we find that the findings of the studies fail to engage with debates present in the broader literature, such as that of food justice. Our analysis shows that most studies focus on large cities in high‐income, data‐rich countries. This limits our understanding of global urban food supply. Existing studies use innovative mixed‐methods to produce robust accounts of urban food flows in data‐scarce contexts; expanding these accounts is necessary to get a better understanding of how urban food supply and its diverse impacts in terms of environmental and social sustainability may vary across cities, a necessary step for the urban metabolism literature to contribute to current debates around food sustainability and justice.