bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dating Granites Using CODEX, with Application to In Situ Dating on the Moon
Authors: Levine Jonathan , Scott Anderson F. , Braden Sarah , Fausch Rico G. , Foster Sean , Fowler Gavin , Joy Katherine H. , Osterman Steven , Pernet-Fisher John , Seddio Stephen , Whitaker Tom , Wurz Peter , Yant Marcella , Ee Yap Teng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We have measured 87Rb–87Sr isochron ages for two granites, using the breadboard version of our Chemistry, Organics, and Dating EXperiment (CODEX), a laser-ablation resonance-ionization mass spectrometer designed for in situ geochronology on the Moon or Mars. These measurements extend the demonstrated analytical capabilities of CODEX, and indicate the value of incorporating a flight-ready version of CODEX, now under construction, into a future mission payload. We used CODEX to obtain accurate ages for the 1700 Ma Boulder Creek Granite, with 1σ statistical precision of 110 Myr, and for the 1100 Ma Pikes Peak Granite, with 1σ statistical precision of 160 Myr. To provide an end-to-end illustration of how CODEX analysis of granites can address critical lunar science questions regarding rock age and composition in situ, we describe an example mission to the lunar Gruithuisen Domes. Gruithuisen Domes appear to be volcanic edifices of granitic composition. Orbital remote sensing suggests that granitic rocks represent only a small fraction of the lunar surface, and the mere fact of their existence on the Moon is a puzzle. CODEX determination of the timing and process of their formation, both presently ill-understood, would provide important constraints on the thermal and geochemical evolution of the lunar interior.
Changement climatique et santé : avancées nouvelles et remise en cause de quelques idées reçues
Authors: Besancenot Jean-Pierre 
Published: May 2023

Le changement climatique d’origine anthropique est une réalité qui s’impose aujourd’hui à tous et dont les conséquences sur la santé humaine ne sont pratiquement plus contestées, qu’elles soient déjà avérées ou attendues dans un avenir plus ou moins proche. Il existe sur le sujet une littérature très abondante, le plus souvent de qualité, qu’il aurait été inutile de répéter ici. L’accent a donc été mis sur quatre points qui ont récemment suscité des recherches nouvelles, conduisant à un approfondissement ou à une remise en cause au moins partielle des connaissances ou des hypothèses antérieures. Cela concerne (1) les avancées sur les bases physiques du changement climatique, apportées par le sixième Rapport d’évaluation du GIEC ; (2) les conséquences du radoucissement des hivers ; (3) le lien équivoque entre changement climatique, pollen et pollinoses ; enfin, (4) le rôle éventuel du réchauffement planétaire dans l’émergence ou l’évolution de la pandémie de Covid-19. La conclusion insiste sur le fait que les répercussions sanitaires du changement climatique sont sûrement plus complexes qu’on ne le supposait il y a quelques années, et que l’on commettrait sans doute une grave grave erreur en cherchant dès à présent à énoncer à leur sujet des lois de portée universelle.
GM-CSF Promotes the Survival of Peripheral-Derived Myeloid Cells in the Central Nervous System for Pain-Induced Relapse of Neuroinflammation
Authors: Matsuyama Shiina , Yamamoto Reiji , Murakami Kaoru , Takahashi Nobuhiko , Nishi Rieko , Ishii Asuka , Nio-Kobayashi Junko , Abe Nobuya , Tanaka Kumiko , Jiang Jing-Jing , Kawamoto Tadafumi , Iwanaga Toshihiko , Shinohara Yuta , Yamasaki Takeshi , Ohki Izuru , Hojyo Shintaro , Hasebe Rie , Kubota Shimpei I , Hirata Noriyuki , Kamimura Daisuke , Hashimoto Shigeru , Tanaka Yuki , Murakami Masaaki 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We recently discovered a (to our knowledge) new neuroimmune interaction named the gateway reflex, in which the activation of specific neural circuits establishes immune cell gateways at specific vessel sites in organs, leading to the development of tissue-specific autoimmune diseases, including a multiple sclerosis (MS) mouse model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We have reported that peripheral-derived myeloid cells, which are CD11b+MHC class II+ and accumulate in the fifth lumbar (L5) cord during the onset of a transfer model of EAE (tEAE), play a role in the pain-mediated relapse via the pain-gateway reflex. In this study, we investigated how these cells survive during the remission phase to cause the relapse. We show that peripheral-derived myeloid cells accumulated in the L5 cord after tEAE induction and survive more than other immune cells. These myeloid cells, which highly expressed GM-CSFRα with common β chain molecules, grew in number and expressed more Bcl-xL after GM-CSF treatment but decreased in number by blockade of the GM-CSF pathway, which suppressed pain-mediated relapse of neuroinflammation. Therefore, GM-CSF is a survival factor for these cells. Moreover, these cells were colocalized with blood endothelial cells (BECs) around the L5 cord, and BECs expressed a high level of GM-CSF. Thus, GM-CSF from BECs may have an important role in the pain-mediated tEAE relapse caused by peripheral-derived myeloid cells in the CNS. Finally, we found that blockade of the GM-CSF pathway after pain induction suppressed EAE development. Therefore, GM-CSF suppression is a possible therapeutic approach in inflammatory CNS diseases with relapse, such as MS.
Radiation exposure of Staff handling 18Fluorine-Fluorodeoxyglucose in a new positron emission tomography/computed tomography centre
Authors: Mosima Lerato , Muzamhindo Nathaniel , Lundie Maryke , Summers Beverley 
Published: May 2023

Background: Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is an imaging modality that combines images from high-energy gamma rays emitted by a positron emitting radiopharmaceutical and those from the CT component. The images are then used in the diagnosis of severe diseases. Procedures with PET radiopharmaceuticals introduce a risk of high occupational radiation exposure to staff handling them. 18Fluorine-Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) is the most commonly used PET radiopharmaceutical.Aim: To determine the radiation exposure of staff working at the PET/CT facility.Setting: Academic hospital in Gauteng.Methods: The study was quantitative and descriptive. The radiation exposure data of participants were collected using Polimaster®electronic pocket dosimeters, ring dosimeters and thermoluminescent dosimeters. The participants’ workflow was tracked and the tasks that led to the highest radiation exposure were identified.Results: Radiopharmacists had 129 dispensing days with the resultant daily radiation exposure ranging between 0.01 µSv and 0.32 µSv. The radiographers’ daily radiation exposure ranged between 7.08 µSv and 19.14 µSv. Radiographers received the highest radiation dose during radiopharmaceutical injection (average = 1.86 µSv).Conclusion: The study found that staff working at a new PET/CT facility in Gauteng were not at risk of radiation exposure above the accepted annual limits, which are 20 mSv per annum, averaged over 5 years, and with no more than 50 mSv in 1 year.Contribution: The findings revealed the need for continuous training in radiation protection measures for all staff working in the PET/CT facility.
Polemic on sharia tourism between Muslim and Christian in Indonesia
Authors: Hapsin Abu 
Published: May 2023

This article aimed to highlight how polemic between Muslims and Christians on halal tourism is discussed in Indonesia. The study concerned three research questions: How do Christians view halal tourism? Is the halal tourism a term that has the potential to build segregation according to the Christians’ perspective? How do Muslims respond to Christians on halal tourism? By reviewing related literature and conducting interviews and analysis using reception theory, this study reached the following conclusions. Firstly, Christian religious figures view on halal tourism by varied characters: realistic, substantial and critical. Secondly, for those with oppositional views, they emphatically said that the term halal tourism had the potential to build segregation. Meanwhile, in a negotiation position, the main substantial one is still open minded for discussion if there is a concept that is formally more inclusive and from the material side representing the common will even though it was originally a will of a particular group. Thirdly, Muslims, as represented in the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI), perceive that halal tourism does not interfere with other religious beliefs, but it has an economic value for the country.Contribution: Practically, this article contributed to opening opportunities for halal tourism to be recognised by all elements in a multi-religious society. Differences in potential reception occur because the sender of the message and the recipient of the message have basic assumptions according to their respective contexts.
Study of Internet addiction among medical students
Authors: Mohamed Zidan Samar Atef , Badawy Adel Abd El-Kareem , Eissa Mai Abd El-Raouf , Heiba Amr Adel 
Published: May 2023

Background
Internet addiction is a serious and growing problem. There is an emerging public health concern over the increase in Internet usage, particularly among adolescents.

Aim
The purpose of this study was to assess the pattern of Internet use among university students and to evaluate the personality and the associated psychiatric disorders with students of Internet addiction.

Participants and methods
A total of 300 medical students were subjected to the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) developed by Young in 1998. Personality evaluation by Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and psychiatric interview by Arabic version of Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview were done for Internet addicts to assess any associated personality or psychiatric disorders.

Results
Students were divided into four Internet user groups according to their IAT total scores: normal Internet users (n=117, 39.0%), mild Internet addicts (n=116, 38.7%), moderate Internet addicts (n=64, 21.3%), and severe Internet addicts (n=3, 1.0%). Males were more prone than females to develop severe forms of Internet addiction. Family environment had a major effect on developing Internet addiction. Neurotics and introverts were more susceptible to develop Internet addiction than others. Depression and anxiety were significantly associated with Internet addiction.

Conclusions
This study suggests that students who use the Internet excessively exhibit significantly more psychiatric symptoms than students who use the Internet less frequently. In addition, pathological Internet addicts appear to have a distinctive personality and social profile when compared with nonpathological users.
Incidence of Work-Related Cervical Pain Disorder on Neck Disability Index- Hairdresser Population Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Javeid Dr. Ammar , Sadiq Dr. Ayesha , Alam Dr. Amnah , Hameed Dr. Iqra , Pervaiz Dr. Amna , Shaheen Dr. Rabia 
Published: May 2023

Purpose: The most frequent issue among workers who perform repetitive upper extremity activity in their line of work is neck pain. Hairdressers who cut hair frequently use their shoulders in their picking and holding of the scissors. The muscles, ligaments, and soft tissues of the musculoskeletal system are put under more strain by this repetitive activity. Consequently, the objective of the current study is to ascertain, how prevalent neck pain is among hairdressers. The study’s objective is to determine the frequency of neck pain in hairdressers of Multan.
Methodology: Cross-sectional study design was employed in this investigation. Information was gathered from Multan hairdressers. The technique of simple random sampling was used to gather the data from hairdressers. A total of 100 hair stylists were included in the study. Workers between the ages of 20 and 40 who have been employed for more than six months without a neck injury, trauma, or neurological or musculoskeletal problem were included. Participants were given questionnaires, and the answers were recorded. Data was manually coded, entered, and analysed using SPSS version 21. Results were described using frequency distributions, percentages, means, and standard deviations.
Findings: Non Parametric Test was used to analyze data. In this study, only 44% of hairdressers reported having neck pain, while the rest reported mild, moderate, or no pain. The study demonstrates that hairdressers between the ages of 31 and 40 with more than five years of experience in their field frequently experience neck pain, which may be brought on by repetitive shoulder motion and poor posture at the workplace.
Recommendations: The results of this study showed that hairdressers in Multan frequently experience neck pain. Physiotherapy campaigns should be conducted to raise awareness among hairdressers. It is suggested to use a random sampling technique instead of convenience sampling in future research to enhance the generalizability of the findings. Considering that the study had a short duration, it is advisable to allocate a longer time frame for conducting future studies to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the topic.
Citizenship as an active subject for recovery of the heritage of social housing in Modern Movement at Valencian Community, Spain
Authors: Sosa Espinosa A. , La Spina V. , Navarro Camallonga Pablo , Songel González Juan María 
Published: May 2023

Given the complexity of the heritage project and current urban regeneration processes, citizen participation, as central point for good governance and sustainability, is of vital importance. Contributing to the knowledge of architecture of social housing in the Modern Movement requires an approach to social reality of its residents, identifying and recognizing the living heritage values from social perception and practice. That is why accession of residents as active subjects in this process is essential, but also for subsequent elaboration of strategies for revitalization, updating and sustainable recovery, environmental and social, which will not affect the preservation of existing values in this historical-cultural heritage of our cities. Likewise, participatory processes in this field of work have, at the same time, a pedagogical task, in the way of publicizing values of modern heritage in order to achieve its recognition and appreciation by society. This paper presents the approach from field of citizen participation and potential participatory methodologies that guide the research work, specifically, within the framework of the Momovivso research project, focused on possibilities of recovery and conservation of social housing of the Modern Movement in the Valencian Community, Spain.ain.
The heritage consideration of the Virgen del Carmen Group (Valencia): a historical reinterpretation
Authors: La Spina Vincenzina , Palomares Figueres M.T. , Iborra Bernard F. , Usó Martín F. 
Published: May 2023

The conservation of Modern Movement architecture as a built architectural heritage requires also its renovation to reach today's standards of comfort and efficiency. It is even more necessary when it is still in use, as in the case of residential architecture. Moreover, it is a living heritage that, to be understood holistically, requires consideration of the experiences of its inhabitants. The Virgen del Carmen Group in Valencia is a residential complex designed and built by GO-DB Arquitectos between 1958 and 1963, and included in the DOCOMOMO Ibérico database. This architectural complex has been taken as an object of study to analyse the interpretation of its past based on exhaustive historical and archival research. This is the necessary first step towards its heritage consideration on which its future revitalisation and energy upgrading will be supported. This paper will detail the main results of the historical and archival research carried out. The changes and transformations, that the Virgen del Carmen Group has undergone over the years, have been evidenced by comparing the original project, the renovation projects, and its current state.To this end, the documents kept in the main national archives and those of the Valencian Community and the city of Valencia were consulted, as well as various historical photographic, newspaper and video sources.
Integration of rural architectural heritage: The case of the alquerías in northern Valencia
Authors: Baró Zarzo José Luis , Calvignac Daphné Grosselin , Debailleux Laurent 
Published: May 2023

This work deals with the conservation and integration of the so-called “alquerías”, the traditional rural houses scattered in the historical agricultural landscape of the Huerta de Valencia, which has been surrounding this Spanish city for centuries. The first alquerías were built during the Medieval Muslim period, for farming and housing purposes. Their uses have been evolving throughout history, following the agriculture and cultural changes, thus resulting in a great diversity of shapes, sizes and types. Today, these buildings are considered as an important part of the local heritage of Valencia, testifying of the traditional way of life and construction. However, the urban growth and modern lifestyle have not been always respectful towards the alquerías: many of them have been demolished to make way for new neighborhoods. Others have been sadly abandoned and left in a state of ruin. Cases of absorption have experienced unequal situations, from forced accommodation to full integration. In general, the remaining alquerías are threatened and require protection actions, as well as a quality integration to the urban fabric in order to prevent their deterioration, marginalization and even destruction.This research work consists in an analytical study of the alquerías of four northern districts of Valencia –Benicalap, Rascanya, La Saïdia and Benimaclet– aiming at providing an insight of the current situation regarding the issue of rural heritage integrated into urban fabrics. General conclusions will be extracted from a statistical study of the collected data, and highlights will be given to the good practices’ cases as potential solutions for the future integration projects.
Architecture of essences: the revealing abstraction of the tobacco landscape
Authors: García Nofuentes Juan Francisco , Martínez-Ramos e Iruela Roser 
Published: May 2023

The architecture targeted by this study, born to shelter and allow the process of organic transformation of the harvested tobacco leaf, is unequivocally identified with a defined chronology and territory. The tobacco drying sheds of the Vega of Granada have shaped, for more than sixty years and until today, the landscape framework of a region that has historically played a decisive role in this large area that is home to a total of forty-one municipalities. Based on the scientific procedure that guides the systematic organisation of landscape studies, we establish a comparative analysis using the so-called morphological method of synthesis; a characteristic empirical practice that allows the enforcement of an inductive analytical procedure for an exact approximation to the landscape, to the time and to the permanence of form as an indispensable requirement of identity. As for the architecture of models and prototypes, we conclude with the architectural characterization of one of the three reference complexes in the province, constituted by one of the most representative models of industrial architecture that is configured on the basis of the essential or invariant in time and space. Geometry acquires prominence, and the material condition of the prototypes loses its relevance in benefit of the relationships that become important as formal configurators of the architectural process.
Growing fast, innovating slowly. Informal Ahmedabad between past and future
Authors: Tognon Alisia , Paisana Felix Mariana 
Published: May 2023

The fast urban development in India is making evident many social, cultural, and economic complexities reproduced in the city's planning and design. The drive for modernization is becoming the central topic in the national and political debate and becomes more urgent every day. Among these contexts, urban fabrics in-between developing cities, heritage roots, "smart city" missions and "kinetic" cities constitute a framework for research on morphological, functional, social and environmental perspectives. This paper investigates contested locations in Ahmedabad, where informality finds space between heritage structures and recent beautification projects, such as the Sabarmati riverfront. The paper understands how a holistic approach is essential in rethinking and upgrading the spatial and urban conditions of informal settlements in the city and therefore highlights the relevance of adequate lenses to understand these complexities. Like many other cities in India, living in slums or informal settlements is a common phenomenon in Ahmedabad, as they provide affordable housing close to job opportunities. In 2009, AMC (Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation) identified 834 slums, sheltering 23 per cent of the total population of the city. Several conditions and features characterize these settlements since their communities are often from the same region, class, caste, or religion. This paper will analyze case studies in Ahmedabad, where the friction between informality, preservation of heritage structures and new smart city developments is evident. The paper will question various assumptions regarding the informal environment and analyze their cultural and architectural identities, the domestication of heritage structures, and vulnerability within the idea of a smart and globalized Ahmedabad.
EFFECT OF ALOE VERA ON GROWTH OF RAT PUPS
Authors: Majid Hina 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT:
Aim and Objective: Widely and commonly grown plant, Aloe vera has numerous health benefits. The breast fed neonates of mothers consuming the plant as dietary supplement are exposed to its effects. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effects of Aloe vera extract on growth of rat pups. Study design: Experimental study. Place of study: Anatomy department of Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore. Material and Method: A week old Wistar albino rats were fed with extracts of Aloe vera (low dose 50mg/kg b.w and high dose 500mg/kg b.w) daily for ten days through oral gavage. The weight of the pups was recorded and after euthanasia the lower limb region was dissected and tibia were removed. The length and weight of the bone was noted. Results: Pups fed with a high dose of Aloe vera extract showed a significant increase in their body mass (p<0.05) and also demonstrated a significant increase in the length of tibia (p<0.001). Conclusion: 500mg/kg b.w of Aloe vera extract resulted in a significant increase in the body weight and promoted the tibial bone growth.