bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrically Wavelength‐Controllable Color Filters with High Optical Transmittance Using Heterogeneous Chiral Liquid Crystals
Authors: Wang Dahee , Nam Seungmin , Jung Wontae , Yang Hak Jun , Choi Su Seok 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOptical signals necessitate using filters that selectively transmit or reflect light with the desired wavelength information. In visual imaging‐related devices, a color filter acts as a wavelength selector to extract certain information from the incident light. To overcome the limitations of commercial pigmented color filters, structural color filters with controllable photonic bandgaps (PBGs) have recently attracted significant interest. Especially, chiral liquid crystal (CLC) has been widely investigated for tunable color filters owing to its selective reflection. However, most of the research has been limited to the control of conventional reflection rather than transmission wavelength. This study proposes an electrically wavelength‐tunable color filter with high optical transmittance using a heterogeneous CLC with extremely small voltages not exceeding 1.4 V. Electrothermal tuning of CLC is approached so that transmission wavelength of the device can be tuned among red, green, and blue. Moreover, analog pixel binning using CLC color filters is explored in a tetra‐layout beyond state‐of‐the‐art pixel binning with post‐capture digital image processing. Dynamic and direct binning can prevent the quality degradation of the images captured under low‐light illumination in image sensors. The wavelength‐tunable transmission color filter proposed in this study is expected to facilitate future electro‐optical dynamic color filter applications.
Integrated Moist‐Thermoelectric Generator for Efficient Waste Steam Energy Utilization
Authors: Yang Mingchen , Hu Yin , Zheng Sijie , Liu Ziyang , Li Weizheng , Yan Feng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIndustrial waste steam is one of the major sources of global energy losses. Therefore, the collection and conversion of waste steam energy into electricity have aroused great interest. Here, a “two‐in‐one” strategy is reported that combines thermoelectric and moist‐electric generation mechanisms for a highly efficient flexible moist‐thermoelectric generator (MTEG). The spontaneous adsorption of water molecules and heat in the polyelectrolyte membrane induces the fast dissociation and diffusion of Na+ and H+, resulting in the high electricity generation. Thus, the assembled flexible MTEG generates power with a high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.81 V (effective area = 1cm2) and a power density of up to 4.75±0.4 µW cm−2. With efficient integration, a 12‐unit MTEG can produce a Voc of 15.97 V, which is superior to most known TEGs and MEGs. The integrated and flexible MTEGs reported herein provide new insights for harvesting energy from industrial waste steam.
Markov model planning on the adoption of an enhanced wheat cultivar
Authors: Golpira Hiwa , Rashidian Parviz , Demmel Markus 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPredictions on the time needed to adopt new technologies can be used for planning purposes. These predictions should be calculated using a Markov planning model, which is a probabilistic approach to estimating the speed of adoption. In a research project, a data‐driven model was developed to simulate the adoption rate of an enhanced, drought‐resistant rain‐fed hard wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar in Kurdistan, Iran. The growers’ decision‐making on cultivar replacement was mapped onto the transition matrix, state probability, transition diagram, and tree of the states of the Markov process to compute the limiting probability of the stochastic model, thereby simulating the adoption rate of the wheat cultivar. The mathematical model, which achieves a convergence of 82% adoption for the enhanced wheat cultivar within 5 years, simulates farmers’ behavior and knowledge to enhance food security. Simulating the future of new technology in food and agricultural systems using the proposed methodology can assist policymakers in making informed decisions.
Characterization of genetic humanized mice with transgenic HLA DP401 or DRA but deficient in endogenous murine MHC class II genes upon Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia
Authors: Li Feng , Niu Bowen , Liu Lingling , Zhu Mengmin , Yang Hua , Qin Boyin , Peng Xiuhua , Chen Lixiang , Xu Chunhua , Zhou Xiaohui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundStaphylococcus aureus can cause serious infections by secreting many superantigen exotoxins in “carrier” or “pathogenic” states. HLA DQ and HLA DR humanized mice have been used as a small animal model to study the role of two molecules during S. aureus infection. However, the contribution of HLA DP to S. aureus infection is unknown yet.MethodsIn this study, we have produced HLA DP401 and HLA DRA0101 humanized mice by microinjection of C57BL/6J zygotes. Neo‐floxed IAβ+/− mice were crossbred with Ella‐Cre and further crossbred with HLA DP401 or HLA‐DRA0101 humanized mice. After several rounds of traditional crossbreeding, we finally obtained HLA DP401‐IAβ−/− and HLA DRA‐IAβ−/− humanized mice, in which human DP401 or DRA0101 molecule was introduced into IAβ−/− mice deficient in endogenous murine MHC class II molecules. A transnasal infection murine model of S. aureus pneumonia was induced in the humanized mice by administering 2 × 108 CFU of S. aureus Newman dropwise into the nasal cavity. The immune responses and histopathology changes were further assessed in lungs in these infected mice.ResultsWe evaluated the local and systemic effects of S. aureus delivered intranasally in HLA DP401‐IAβ−/− and HLA DRA‐IAβ−/− transgenic mice. S. aureus Newman infection significantly increased the mRNA level of IL 12p40 in lungs in humanized mice. An increase in IFN‐γ and IL‐6 protein was observed in HLA DRA‐IAβ−/− mice. We observed a declining trend in the percentage of F4/80+ macrophages in lungs in HLA DP401‐IAβ−/− mice and a decreasing ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells in lungs in IAβ−/− mice and HLA DP401‐IAβ−/− mice. A decreasing ratio of Vβ3+ to Vβ8+ T cells was also found in the lymph node of IAβ−/− mice and HLA DP401‐IAβ−/− mice. S. aureus Newman infection resulted in a weaker pathological injury in lungs in IAβ−/− genetic background mice.ConclusionThese humanized mice will be an invaluable mouse model to resolve the pathological mechanism of S. aureus pneumonia and study what role DP molecule plays in S. aureus infection.
Quantum Simulation of Tunable Neuron Activation
Authors: Yan Wei‐Bin , Zhang Ying‐Jie , Man Zhong‐Xiao , Fan Heng , Xia Yun‐Jie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe activation of the neuron is simulated by a quantum circuit. When the circuit is deep enough, the output qubit is deterministically in the state if the probability of the input qubit in the designated state is larger than the threshold value. Conversely, the output qubit is deterministically in the state if the probability is smaller than the threshold value. The threshold value is adjustable. When the depth of the circuit is limited, the nonlinear relations between the input and the output can also be realized.
Extensive characterization of pretreated/enzyme treated cellulosicAreca catechu L. peduncle fiber for polymer composite applications
Authors: Binoj Joseph Selvi , Jaafar Mariatti , Brailson Mansingh Bright , Varaprasad Karu Clement 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates thermo‐mechanical, chemical, and morphological characteristics of alkali pretreated and enzyme treatedAreca catechutree peduncle fibers (ACTPFs) for probable reinforcement in polymer composites. ACTPFs were pre‐treated with 0.4 M NaOH solution and treated with enzymes such as xylanase, laccase, and pectinase before investigations. Alkali pre‐treated ACTPF (AACTPF) cum pectinase treated AACTPF (PAACTPF) exhibited maximum cellulose content 57.28 wt% and single fiber tensile strength 203.5 ± 22.12 MPa. Further, the crystallinity index and crystal size of PAACTPF was determined as 55% and 12.9 nm by x‐ray diffraction analysis. Also, the prevalence of chemical bonds and thermal stability up to 233°C in PAACTPF was exposed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and thermogravimetric analysis respectively. Moreover, the coarse surface of PAACTPF viewed through scanning electron microscope owing to removal of amorphous contents makes it a considerable counterpart for substitutional reinforcement to artificial fibers in polymer composites.
Aspect sentiment mining of short bullet screen comments from online TV series
Authors: Liu Jiayue , Zhou Ziyao , Gao Ming , Tang Jiafu , Fan Weiguo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBullet screen comments (BSCs) are user‐generated short comments that appear as real‐time overlays on many video platforms, expressing the audience opinions and emotions about different aspects of the ongoing video. Unlike traditional long comments after a show, BSCs are often incomplete, ambiguous in context, and correlated over time. Current studies in sentiment analysis of BSCs rarely address these challenges, motivating us to develop an aspect‐level sentiment analysis framework. Our framework, BSCNET, is a pre‐trained language encoder‐based deep neural classifier designed to enhance semantic understanding. A novel neighbor context construction method is proposed to uncover latent contextual correlation among BSCs over time, and we also incorporate semi‐supervised learning to reduce labeling costs. The framework increases F1 (Macro) and accuracy by up to 10% and 10.2%, respectively. Additionally, we have developed two novel downstream tasks. The first is noisy BSCs identification, which reached F1 (Macro) and accuracy of 90.1% and 98.3%, respectively, through fine‐tuning the BSCNET. The second is the prediction of future episode popularity, where the MAPE is reduced by 11%–19.0% when incorporating sentiment features. Overall, this study provides a methodology reference for aspect‐level sentiment analysis of BSCs and highlights its potential for viewing experience or forthcoming content optimization.
Design Strategy for Enabling Multifunctional Properties of Anthracene‐based Emitters
Authors: Deori Upasana , Ravindran Ezhakudiyan , Nanda Gyana Prakash , Ramanath Suman G. , Acharya Upasha , Gandeepan Parthasarathy , Rajamalli Pachaiyappan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe design of multifunctional materials is a challenging and important objective for a wide array of multidisciplinary applications. However, a multifunctional organic emitter exhibiting simultaneous aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), multi‐responsive polymorphs, mechanoluminescence and electroluminescence have been scarce. In this study, two anthracene based compounds, namely 10‐(4‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl)anthracene‐9‐carbonitrile (CzPACN) and 10‐(4‐(di‐p‐tolylamino)phenyl)anthracene‐9‐carbonitrile (DTPACN) was designed and synthesized with rigid and flexible donors, respectively. The CzPACN shows the bright blue emission and DTPACN shows the bright green emission in solution. We have demonstrated an effective strategy to achieve three polymorphic phases such as DTPACN‐α, DTPACN‐β and DTPACN‐γ from DTPACN by controlling the temperature. Under mechanical stimuli, highly restricted and non‐planar crystals of the structurally tuned polymorphs DTPACN‐α, and DTPACN‐β exhibited red shifted emission and DTPACN‐γ showed blue shifted emission. Conversely, CzPACN is not showing polymorphism and is not sensitive to external stimuli. In addition, blue and green OLEDs were fabricated using CzPACN and DTPACN, respectively, as an emitter and achieved a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 5.5% and 5.7%, respectively, for blue and green OLEDs. Further, this study suggests designing multi‐responsive smart materials via a simple modification by introducing a non‐planar unit with a large twist.
Novel piperazine‐based ionizable lipid nanoparticles allow the repeated dose of mRNA to fibrotic lungs with improved potency and safety
Authors: Kim Minjeong , Jeong Michaela , Lee Gyeongseok , Lee Yeji , Park Jeongeun , Jung Hyein , Im Seongeun , Yang Joo‐Sung , Kim Kyungjin , Lee Hyukjin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractmRNA‐based protein replacement therapy has received much attention as a novel intervention in clinical disease treatment. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are widely used for their therapeutic potential to efficiently deliver mRNA. However, clinical translation has been hampered by the immunogenicity of LNPs that may aggravate underlying disease states. Here, we report a novel ionizable LNP with enhanced potency and safety. The piperazine‐based biodegradable ionizable lipid (244cis) was developed for LNP formulation and its level of protein expression and immunogenicity in the target tissue was evaluated. It was found that 244cis LNP enabled substantial expression of the target protein (human erythropoietin), while it minimally induced the secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1) as compared to other conventional LNPs. Selective lung targeting of 244cis LNP was further investigated in tdTomato transgenic mice with bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The repeated administration of 244cis LNP with Cre recombinase mRNA achieved complete transfection of lung endothelial cells (~80%) and over 40% transfection of Sca‐1‐positive fibroblasts. It was shown that 244cis LNP allows the repeated dose of mRNA without the loss of activity due to its low immunogenicity. Our results demonstrate that 244cis LNP has great potential for the treatment of chronic diseases in the lungs with improved potency and safety.
Trajectory‐BERT: Pre‐training and fine‐tuning bidirectional transformers for crowd trajectory enhancement
Authors: Li Lingyu , Huang Tianyu , Li Yihao , Li Peng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo address the issue of trajectory fragments and ID switches caused by occlusion in dense crowds, we propose a space‐time trajectory encoding method and a point‐line‐group division method to construct Trajectory‐BERT in this paper. Leveraging the spatiotemporal context‐dependent features of trajectories, we introduce pre‐training and fine‐tuning Trajectory‐BERT tasks to repair occluded trajectories. Experimental results show that data augmented with Trajectory‐BERT outperforms raw annotated data on the MOTA metric and reduces ID switches in raw labeled data, demonstrating the feasibility of our method.
Ischemic stroke at first presentation of Takayasu arteritis in a young African male from Kenya, East Africa: Case report and brief literature review
Authors: Owino Christopher , Sirera Betty , Tarus Felix , Ganda Beryl , Oduor Chrispine , Siika Abraham 
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical MessageThis case highlights the need for thorough clinical examination to rule out Takayasu arteritis (TA) as a cause of stroke in a young asymptomatic East‐African male. Available clinical management guidelines should guide management of TA patients.AbstractWe present a case of a young, previously asymptomatic East‐African Black male presenting with large territory ischemic infarct at first diagnosis of TA. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of a male patient in East Africa with a stroke as the first presentation of TA.
Use of the osmolal gap in diagnosing mixed physiology hyponatremia in a child with B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Gabbay Jonathan M. , Place Andrew E. , Ilowite Maya , Zhu Jia 
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical MessageHyponatremia is common among children undergoing treatment for hematologic malignancies and may be attributed to multiple underlying causes. In cases of hyponatremia due to mixed physiology, the osmolal gap, can identify pseudohyponatremia that may be masked by other causes.
Dual epigenetic changes in diabetes mellitus‐associated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma correlate with downregulation of E‐cadherin and worsened prognosis
Authors: Hara Yutaro , Mizukami Hiroki , Yamazaki Keisuke , Yamada Takahiro , Igawa Akiko , Takeuchi Yuki , Sasaki Takanori , Kushibiki Hanae , Murakami Kotaro , Kudoh Kazuhiro , Ishido Keinosuke , Hakamada Kenichi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) that promotes the promoter methylation of CDH1. It is still unclear whether DM can exert other epigenetic effects, such as altering microRNA (miR) expression, in PDAC. The expression of miR‐100‐5p is known to be changed in DM patients and can suppress the expression of E‐cadherin. In this study, the correlation between DM status and dual epigenetic changes was evaluated in PDAC specimens from patients who underwent radical surgical resection. A total of 132 consecutive patients with PDAC were clinicopathologically evaluated. E‐cadherin and nuclear β‐catenin expression was measured using immunohistochemistry. DNA and miRs were extracted from the main tumor site on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue sections. TaqMan miR assays were applied to assess miR‐100‐5p expression. Bisulfite modification was conducted on the extracted DNA, which was then subjected to methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry revealed that decreased E‐cadherin expression and increased nuclear β‐catenin expression were significantly associated with DM and poor tumor cell differentiation. The presence of long‐duration DM (≥3 years)  was a significant factor contributing to CDH1 promoter methylation (p < 0.01), while miR‐100‐5p expression was proportionally correlated with the preoperative HbA1c level (R = 0.34, p < 0.01), but not the duration of DM. The subjects with high miR‐100‐5p expression and CDH1 promoter methylation showed the highest level of vessel invasion and prevalence of tumor size ≥30 mm. PDAC subjects with dual epigenetic changes showed poorer overall survival (OS) than those with a single epigenetic change. miR‐100‐5p expression ≥4.13 and CDH1 promoter methylation independently predicted poor OS and disease‐free survival (DFS) in the multivariate analysis. OS and DFS worsened in DM subjects with both HbA1c ≥ 6.5% and DM duration ≥3 years. Thus, DM is associated with two modes of epigenetic change by independent mechanisms and worsens prognosis.
Reproductive response of the Samoan swallowtail butterfly to variability in host plant and habitat characteristics
Authors: Banko Paul C. , Peck Robert W. , Schmaedick Mark A. , Miles Adam C. , Leifi Niela , Brinck Kevin W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Samoan swallowtail butterfly (Papilio godeffroyi) has become restricted to Tutuila Island, American Samoa. Factors driving its extirpation on other islands may be partly due to the availability and suitability of habitat, given the singular association we observed of P. godeffroyi with its host plant, Micromelum minutum. We expected that as a host plant specialist, P. godeffroyi might respond to variation in the physical traits and habitat context of M. minutum, which could help identify conservation opportunities throughout its present and former range. Because the ecology of P. godeffroyi is largely unknown, we conducted systematic surveys during 15 months in 2013 and 2014 on Tutuila to investigate its reproductive response to the physical and phenological variability of individual host trees and to the structural and geographical variability of the stands in which they occurred. We searched foliage for eggs, larvae, and pupae and monitored seasonal trends in herbivory and production of leaves, flowers, and fruits on 117 host trees in 8 rainforest stands, mostly within the National Park of American Samoa (NPSA), starting in March 2013 and ending in August 2014. We observed high variability in butterfly reproductive output between individual trees and stands, due largely to a strong negative relationship between leaf biomass (at both tree and stand levels) and oviposition density (number of eggs per foliar biomass) and frequency (number of eggs per survey). Distribution patterns of larvae and pupae were less distinct but generally followed trends in oviposition. Our findings indicate that the butterfly is reproducing widely across Tutuila and is likely to respond positively to management to increase the availability of small host trees in low‐density stands. Thus, the species is a good candidate for conservation management focusing on habitat.
Anxiety and depressive symptoms in adults with new‐onset seizures: A scoping review
Authors: Cronin William , Kwan Patrick , Foster Emma 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveAnxiety and depression are common comorbidities in people living with epilepsy. Emerging research suggests that these conditions may even predate epilepsy onset. This review aimed to summarize the prevalence of clinically significant anxiety and depressive symptoms in people with first seizures and newly diagnosed epilepsy, as well as clinicodemographic factors associated with these symptoms.MethodsA scoping literature review was performed. OVID Medline and Embase were searched from January 1, 2000, through May 1, 2022. Articles of interest were selected based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria.ResultsFrom 1836 studies identified on screening, 16 met eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Clinically significant anxiety and depressive symptoms, as determined by validated cutoff scores for anxiety and depression screening instruments, were common in people with first seizures (range 13–28%) and newly diagnosed epilepsy (range 11–45%). They were associated with a range of clinicodemographic factors including past psychiatric history and trauma, personality traits, self‐esteem, and stigma profiles.SignificanceThere is substantial evidence that clinically significant anxiety and depressive symptoms are often present at the time and shortly following the first seizure or epilepsy diagnosis. Future research is needed to better understand the complex interactions between these common psychiatric comorbidities, new‐onset seizure disorders, and certain clinicodemographic characteristics. This knowledge may inform targeted and holistic treatment approaches.
Development and validation of a quality control procedure for automatic segmentation of hippocampal subfields
Authors: Canada Kelsey L. , Saifullah Samaah , Gardner Jennie C. , Sutton Bradley P. , Fabiani Monica , Gratton Gabriele , Raz Naftali , Daugherty Ana M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAutomatic segmentation methods for in vivo magnetic resonance imaging are increasing in popularity because of their high efficiency and reproducibility. However, automatic methods can be perfectly reliable and consistently wrong, and the validity of automatic segmentation methods cannot be taken for granted. Quality control (QC) by trained and reliable human raters is necessary to ensure the validity of automatic measurements. Yet QC practices for applied neuroimaging research are underdeveloped. We report a detailed QC and correction procedure to accompany our validated atlas for hippocampal subfield segmentation. We document a two‐step QC procedure for identifying segmentation errors, along with a taxonomy of errors and an error severity rating scale. This detailed procedure has high between‐rater reliability for error identification and manual correction. The latter introduces at maximum 3% error variance in volume measurement. All procedures were cross‐validated on an independent sample collected at a second site with different imaging parameters. The analysis of error frequency revealed no evidence of bias. An independent rater with a third sample replicated procedures with high within‐rater reliability for error identification and correction. We provide recommendations for implementing the described method along with hypothesis testing strategies. In sum, we present a detailed QC procedure that is optimized for efficiency while prioritizing measurement validity and suits any automatic atlas.