bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building mental toughness: A middle school intervention to increase grit, locus of control, and academic performance
Authors: Zappala‐Piemme Kerri E. , Sturman Edward D. , Brannigan Gary G. , Brannigan Michael J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe evaluated a curriculum that focused on bolstering grit and locus of control in seventh grade students at a school in upstate New York. The intervention included lessons aimed at building a growth mindset and determination, along with writing projects and collaborative work. A pre−post design was utilized such that surveys measuring grit and locus of control were administered at the beginning of the school year and at the end of the school year for 215 students. Participants also completed standardized tests in reading and math. Students' scores on locus of control showed a significant change toward higher perceived control. The lowest scoring students on grit also showed a significant increase over the same time period. No changes were observed at a comparison school that did not receive the intervention. Both grit and locus of control significantly predicted academic achievement on standardized tests for reading and math. The findings support the intervention and the importance of grit and locus of control in academic achievement.
“What does not kill me makes me stronger”: Perceived negative and positive consequences of teachers' exposure to violence directed at them
Authors: Ben‐Hayun Shiran German , Zysberg Leehu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTeachers' exposure to aggression and violence at work has long been associated with numerous negative outcomes. Based on recent models rooted in positive psychology we wished to explore the possibility of positive outcomes alongside the negative ones, as a result of exposure to violence among school teachers. A sample of 20 school teachers working in Central and northern Israel were interviewed regarding their experiences with violence at work. Thematic analysis suggests that alongside the known negative implications and experiences teachers also reported growth, professional validation and other positive experiences. The results are discussed and a possible emergent model of emotional responses to violent events is presented.
Microwave atmospheric pressure plasma jet generated from substrate integrated waveguide resonator
Authors: Zhao Chaoxia , Li Xinxin , Agrawal Dinesh K. , Yan Zhili , Qi Siyao , Liu Yao , Ma Tianbao , Chen Qian , Zhang Yi , Wang Ce , Huang Kama 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA microwave atmospheric pressure plasma jet (MW‐APPJ) generator based on a substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) resonator is proposed. A thin, straight plasma needle with a length of 9 cm could be obtained. Higher than 90% of microwave feeding efficiency is obtained under a wide range of gas flow rates without a microwave matching network. As the gas flow increased from 1 to 14 L/min, a transition from laminar to turbulent mode is observed in the plasma jet's morphology. Furthermore, a preliminary surface treatment was tested for the device. The polyimide film became super hydrophilic after a 5‐min treatment with the developed SIW‐based plasma generator. Generally, the SIW‐based MW‐APPJ is low‐cost, electrodeless, and low‐profile along the plasma jet length direction.
Spectral clustering algorithm for real‐time endpoint detection of silicon nitride plasma etching
Authors: Lee Seonghyeon , Choi Hojun , Kim Jaehyeon , Chae Heeyeop 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe spectral clustering algorithm (SCA) is developed for endpoint detection (EPD) of Si3N4plasma etching using optical emission spectroscopy (OES). OES signals are collected in real‐time and filtered using discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The SCA using 3648 full‐spectrum wavelengths with DWT filtering improves signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) by 2.78 times compared to single‐wavelength related to N2molecule in 1.0% relative area etching. The wavelengths related to reactants and products are selected to enhance the SNR of the SCA. The SCA using 87 selected wavelengths with DWT filtering improves SNR by 3.57 times compared to SCA using full‐spectrum wavelengths. This study demonstrates that the SCA improves the etching EPD sensitivity and can be applied for fault detection of various plasma processes.
A Survey of Quantum Entanglement Routing Protocols—Challenges for Wide‐Area Networks
Authors: Dupuy Fabrice , Goursaud Claire , Guillemin Fabrice 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the key challenges (loss due to distance, entanglement routing, multi‐commodities) for the coming quantum internet, relying on entanglement of quantum bits (for short, qubits) on top of an existing network, are analyzed. A unifying framework enabling to compare the various entanglement distribution, purification, and routing protocols published so far is presented. With regard to entanglement routing, the introduction of different time windows will be essential in order to cope efficiently with the main challenges like complex route calculation and fidelity estimation on the one hand, actual entanglement route selection and entangled photon generation on the other hand. For a roll‐out on top of existing transmission networks, all the research publications for the last 20 years start to cover pretty well the global scheme. Nevertheless, open questions remain, like the actual advantage of some task execution prior to the online quantum path selection, or the design of algorithms approximating the multi‐commodities flow optimization problem, or the issue of dealing with a processing time not much longer than the qubit life time.
Catheter‐directed thrombolysis as an emergent intervention for failed vacuum thrombectomy of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Haq Syed H. , Hinegardner‐Hendricks Jordan , Cole Cliff , Laird Amanda , Shah Sidra R. , Patel Sandeep M. , Cole William 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAcute pulmonary embolism [PE] in the setting of hemodynamic instability and right ventricular strain is a complex presentation and typically is associated with high mortality rates. Prompt recognition and early intervention are critical to the survival of these patient. In such cases, current guidelines recommend use of systemic thrombolytics, along with as needed cardiopulmonary support. If contraindications are present, mechanical thrombectomy is advised. However, guidelines poorly define the next steps in intervention if mechanical thrombectomy were to fail. We present such a scenario and the methods implored to successful remove clot burden. We add to the literature, use of catheter directed thrombolysis at a designated 2 mg/h rate as a form of emergent intervention in failed mechanical thrombectomy.
A dynamic even distribution resource scheduling mechanism combined with network coding for inter‐LEO satellite networks
Authors: Tong Xin , Li Xu , Liu Ying 
Published: March 2023

SummaryResource scheduling mechanism of LEO satellite networks is the key to determining communication efficiency. Facing the LEO satellite networks with the dynamic topology changes, varying service requirements, and intermittent inter‐satellite links (ISLs), the state‐of‐the‐art cannot achieve high resource efficiency under both heavy and burst traffic loads, and the applicability of parameters design is insufficient under intermittent ISLs. Considering this, we propose a dynamic even distribution mechanism combined with network coding DENC. This novel mechanism obtains the service requirements and allocates resources dynamically through the even distribution algorithm to balance network maintenance overhead and resource waste and improves the success probability of transmission based on network coding to balance retransmission and redundancy. In this paper, we establish performance analysis models to optimize the parameters such as maintenance frequency and coding coefficient. Besides, we construct a system‐level simulation platform. Mathematical and simulation results indicate that the resource efficiency of EMNC can be improved by more than 48% compared with SAHN‐MAC, ICSMA, CSMA‐TDMA, and HTM when all nodes have service needs, and the ISL outage rate is 20%. As the outage probability of ISL increases and the proportion of nodes with service requirements decreases, the performance advantage of EMNC becomes more apparent.
The signaling effect of entrepreneurship subsidies on initial public offering investor valuation: An anticorruption campaign as a quasi‐natural experiment
Authors: Chen Jin , Lu Qian , Heng Cheng Suang , Tan Bernard C. Y. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryThis study examines whether different entrepreneurship subsidies signal initial public offering (IPO) firms' quality to external investors. We employ a quasi‐natural experiment by exploiting the exogenous, staggered introduction of “Eight‐Point Code” inspections to Chinese provinces, which anticorruption campaign impacts how subsidies match firm quality. Based on a difference‐in‐differences analysis of 584 IPOs, we find that research and development (R&D) subsidies match highly innovative firms regardless of government corruption, but investors interpret R&D subsidies as a quality signal only when government corruption is low. High‐growth subsidies match high‐growth firms only when government corruption is low; however, investors do not interpret high‐growth subsidies as a quality signal regardless of government corruption. Our study contributes by examining subsidy–firm matching and investors' interpretations to isolate the signaling effect of entrepreneurship subsidies.Managerial SummaryDo initial public offering (IPO) investors interpret different entrepreneurship subsidies as signals of entrepreneurial firms' quality? We find that when government corruption is high, research and development (R&D) subsidies are matched to high‐quality firms, but high‐growth (HG) subsidies are not; nevertheless, because of dubious subsidy–firm matching under high corruption, neither R&D nor HG subsidies signal firm quality to IPO investors. When government corruption is low, both R&D and HG subsidies are matched to high‐quality firms; however, because of the distinct nature of innovation and growth, IPO investors interpret only R&D subsidies as a signal of quality, ignoring HG subsidies. Our findings suggest that investors' interpretations of entrepreneurship subsidies depend on subsidy type as well as subsidy–firm matching under different anticorruption regulations.
Influence of Sulfur Loading on Lithium‐Sulfur Battery Performance for Different Cathode Carbon Types
Authors: Bilal Hatice Merve , Yuksel Kagan , Eroglu Damla 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSince lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries often employ an excess of carbon in the cathode to obtain high electrical conductivity and surface area, the kind and qualities of the carbon in the cathode significantly impact battery performance. Sulfur loading is an essential design element with a considerable influence on battery performance. To anticipate the relationship between the sulfur loading and the cycling performance, discharge capacity, and energy density/specific energy at the cell/pack level of the Li−S battery for different carbon types, an integrated research technique that couples experimental characterization and system‐level performance modeling is used. The capacity retention of Li−S cells with acetylene black is insensitive to S loading, while Li−S cells with carbon black present higher capacity retention at higher S loadings. Li−S cells with Ketjen Black cannot perform well at higher S loadings. At moderate S loadings, when discharge capacities are at maximum, Li−S cells achieve the highest system‐level metrics.
Synergistic Catalytic Effects of CeCuO3 @ Vulcan Carbon Composites on the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Ranjan Mahalik Rakesh , Hota Ipsha , Bhushan Nayak Bibhuti , Soren Siba , Debnath A. K. , Muthe K. P. , Parhi Purnendu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe reduction of molecular oxygen is considered to be a key reaction for electrochemical energy conversion in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The slow kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction along with the high cost of Pt catalyst hampers the application of fuel cells. In this study, we have reported for the first time oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity on rare earth cerium containing perovskite oxides composite with vulcan carbon (VC) in alkaline media. The study has demonstrated the synergistic role of vulcan carbon in cerium perovskite nanomaterials‐VC composite for improving ORR activity. The 60 % CeCuO3‐VC perovskite oxide composite with surface areas of 180 m2/g showed better oxygen reduction capability as compared to that of bare cerium perovskite. On optimization, among all the prepared catalysts 60 % CeCuO3‐VC showed the highest ORR activity with low onset potential and high current density. Further, the optimized 60 % CeCuO3‐VC followed the 4e− pathway with 95 % methanol tolerance properties and high stability i.e 76 %. This study on cerium‐based perovskite with vulcan carbon will provide an opportunity for the study of rare earth cerium perovskite electrocatalysts for electrochemical energy conversion.
Activation of NO2 by Modifying the Porphyrin Unit with Oxygen in a MnN4 Graphene Layer
Authors: Emre Genç Ali , Küçük Hilal , Akça Aykan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this article, the activation of N−O bonds in NO2 molecules has been investigated by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Considering the graphene‐based MnN4 layer, nitrogen atoms in the porphyrin unit were sequentially replaced with oxygen atoms to create different MnNmOn/G (m+n=4 and 1<m≤4) layers. As more oxygen atoms are incorporated in porphyrin units for bare layers, the covalent character of the Mn−O bonds is switched to the transit nature with respect to Mn−N bonds. Moreover, the trend in bond strength decreasing in all oxygen‐containing bonds is in line with the formation energy trends of bare layers. The same situation is also valid for the bonds between Mn−N/O. For NO2 adsorption configurations on all MnNmOn/G layers, N−O bonds in NO2 are weakened by populating/depopulating antibonding/bonding orbitals, respectively. Even if the MnN2O2(hex)/G layer has a moderate NO2 adsorption energy among the other layers, this layer provided the most significant activation over N−O bonds based on crystal orbital Hamilton population (COHP), crystal orbital bond index (COBI), and Atoms in Molecules (AIM) Bader Topological Analysis. Our results show that integrated COHP and integrated COBI values show a remarkable correlation with AIM‐Bader parameters for the specific bonds which have descriptive capability over NO2 molecule activation.
Synthesis of a Porous CoS2‐CN/MWCNTs Composite Derived from ZIF‐67 for Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage Applications
Authors: Fei Jinyou , Wei Yi , Zhou Yu , Ning Yunyu , Wang Yingjian , Jia Hongsheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe porous CoS2/nitrogen‐doped carbon (CoS2‐CN) polyhedrons were prepared using metal‐organic framework as the precursor. After the carbonization of zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF‐67 and the heat treatment with sulfur, the CoS2‐CN composite was obtained. Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were introduced and evenly intertwined with the CoS2‐CN. Eventually, CoS2‐CN and Co‐CN exhibited good discharge capacities of 498.3 mAh/g and 402.2 mAh/g, respectively. For electrochemical hydrogen storage, more electrochemical active sites could be provided owing to the extraordinary porous nanostructure and large specific surface area inherited from ZIF‐67. The N‐doped carbon could enhance the conductivity of the materials. The CoS2‐CN electrode revealed higher discharge capacity than Co‐CN due to the introduction of sulfur species. Moreover, the discharge capacity further increased to 542.8 mAh/g for CoS2‐CN/MWCNTs. The loaded MWCNTs could further enhance the conductivity and electrocatalytic activity of CoS2‐CN. The high‐rate dischargeability, kinetic properties and corrosion resistance were also improved after MWCNTs modification.
Applications of Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry and Direct Current Arc Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Methods for Grouping Study of Automobile Windshield Glasses for Glass Forensics
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Sengupta Arijit , Acharya Raghunath , Bagla Hemlata K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA comprehensive evaluation was carried out for elemental characterization of automobile glasses having potential forensic application by Energy Dispersive X‐ray Fluorescence (ED‐XRF) spectrometry and Direct Current Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (DC Arc AES). The methods were optimized and validated using geological certified reference materials and glass standard reference material. Total seventeen elements including five major elements (Si, Na, Ca, Mg and Fe) and twelve minor and trace elements (Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Mo, Zr and Sr) were found to be present. Though DC Arc AES performed better for minor and trace level determination, however, the precision was evaluated as 15–20 % RSD. On the contrary, ED‐XRF performed better for major elements with 5–10 % RSD. The detection limits for the analytes prone to form refractory oxides on heating were found to be poorer in DC Arc AES compared to ED‐XRF. Statistical analyses were also performed to evaluate the reliability of the data obtained by the optimized methods. As a part of forensic applications, the elemental concentrations of minor and trace elements were utilized for the grouping study of the glass samples by cluster analysis using average linkage method.
Molecular Assembly of Rhodanine with Torus‐Shaped Cyclodextrins and Their Innovative Applications by Physicochemical Contrivance Simultaneously Optimized by Computational Study
Authors: Sharma Antara , Bomzan Pranish , Roy Debadrita , Chhetri Abhijit , Choudhury Subhankar , Ghosh Narendra Nath , Ali Salim , BK Puja , Ghosh Shilpi , Dutta Ankita , Kumar Anoop , Roy Mahendra Nath 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo increase the bioavailability of Rhodanine (RH), inclusion complexes (ICs) of RH with both α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) and β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) were prepared. The complexes were characterized by different physicochemical as well as spectroscopic techniques thereby indicating encapsulation of RH molecule into the cavities of α‐CD and β‐CD cavity. DSC analysis showed that the thermal stability of RH was enhanced after complexation. Computational study suggests the most preferred orientation of RH molecule within both CD cavities. In vitro antibacterial activity test illustrates that the IC2 RH‐α‐CD displayed better activity than pure RH and IC1 RH‐β‐CD. IC2 RH‐α‐CD (IC50=7.88 μM) shows the remarkable in vitro cytotoxic activity than pure RH (IC50=44 μM) and IC1 RH‐β‐CD towards human kidney cancer cell line (ACHN). Furthermore, interaction of RH, IC1 RH‐β‐CD and IC2 RH‐α‐CD with CT‐DNA was investigated and found that α‐CD enhances bioavailability of RH to greater extent compared to β‐CD. Additionally, photostability studies reveals that inclusion of RH using α‐CD induces better stabilization of RH as compared to β‐CD.
Nb2CTx MXene Derived Polymorphic Nb2O5
Authors: Sun Lanju , Sun Jikai , Zhai Shengliang , Yang Hongyan , Chen Xiaokang , Deng Wei‐Qiao , Wu Hao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPreviously, heat treatment was the only feasible route for tuning the crystal phases of niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5). With the use of Nb2CTx MXene precursors, the first case of phase tuning of Nb2O5 in the low‐temperature hydrothermal synthesis using sulfuric acid regulating agents is presented. By varying the amount of the agent, four pure‐phase Nb2O5 crystals and mixed phases in‐between are obtained. The required amount is found to be related to the H‐covered surface energy calculated based on density functional theory. Overall, MXene‐derived B‐phase Nb2O5 is of particular interest due to its exceptionally high capacities as lithium‐ion battery anodes, which are three times higher than the routine synthesized one. Oxygen vacancies induced by crystallographic shear would be responsible for the extraordinary performance. The proposed phase tuning strategy encourages the prudent synthesis of difficult‐to‐obtain crystal phases.
Berücksichtigung einer exzentrischen Lasteinleitung im Beulnachweis nach der Methode der reduzierten Spannungen in EN 1993‐1‐5 – Teil 1: experimentelle Untersuchungen
Authors: Thomas Nadine , Mensinger Martin , Ndogmo Joseph 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBeim Taktschieben wird der Brückenquerschnitt durch biaxiale Spannungen infolge der Lasteinleitung aus dem Verschublager des letzten Pfeilers und des dort auftretenden Biegemoments beansprucht. Zusätzlich treten unumgängliche Exzentrizitäten aus der Lasteinleitung des Verschublagers auf, wodurch eine zusätzliche Biegebeanspruchung aus der Ebene für das Stegblech resultieren kann. Während herstellungsbedingte Toleranzen in Form von Imperfektionsbeiwerten oder geometrischen Ersatzimperfektionen in den aktuellen Regelungen zum Beulnachweis nach DIN EN 1993‐1‐5:2019 bereits berücksichtigt sind, beinhalten diese keine Möglichkeit, Exzentrizitäten bei der Lasteinleitung aus den Verschublagern zu berücksichtigen. In der Praxis werden deshalb oft zusätzliche Nachweise gefordert, die normativ nicht geregelt sind und demzufolge einen erheblichen Mehraufwand für die Bemessung und Ausführung verursachen. Um diese Problemstellung zu beantworten, wurden im Rahmen der Beuluntersuchung zur Talbrücke Thulba und des Forschungsprojekts zum Beulnachweis von längsausgesteiften Beulfeldern unter mehrachsiger Beanspruchung großmaßstäbliche Beulversuche und numerische Berechnungen durchgeführt. Auf deren Basis wurde von der Hauptautorin ein Vorschlag zur Berücksichtigung einer exzentrischen Lasteinleitung beim Beulnachweis entwickelt. Der vorliegende Teil 1 dieser Veröffentlichung beschreibt die experimentellen und numerischen Untersuchungen zum Einfluss einer exzentrischen Lasteinleitung unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Verschublagertypen. Die Ergebnisse werden in einem Teil 2 mit den aktuellen Regelungen der Norm verglichen. Des Weiteren wird im Teil 2 der Vorschlag zur Berücksichtigung einer exzentrischen Lasteinleitung durch Implementierung eines Exzentrizitätsbeiwerts Ω im Beulnachweis mit der Methode der reduzierten Spannungen vorgestellt.
Diverse Experiences in Children's Literature: Langston Hughes
Authors: Lewis Bethany P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProviding students encounters with diverse books is an important endeavor, and Langston Hughes themed picture books can serve as one avenue for successfully incorporating diverse literature into elementary literacy instruction. Using the methods of qualitative content analysis (Schreier, 2014) this study investigates the ways in which Langston Hughes and his literature have been incorporated into children's picture books and outlines the potential benefits of using these themed texts with elementary students. The findings of this research present specific literary texts for teachers to incorporate into their classrooms and discusses the unique opportunities these picture books can provide young readers and writers.