bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benign Disease of the Uterus
Authors: Addley Helen , Fennessy Fiona 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBenign diseases of the uterus are common and typically present with disordered menstrual bleeding and pain. The first-line imaging investigation is pelvic ultrasound which readily demonstrates abnormal features within the myometrium and endometrium. Ultrasound examination demonstrates fibroids, adenomyosis, endometrial polyps and is also first-line imaging for endometriosis. MR examination is focused on addressing a particular question, e.g., assessment prior to fibroid embolization or mapping of endometriosis prior to surgical resection. Congenital anomalies of the uterus are important to define as intervention can lead to future successful pregnancy outcomes, e.g., resection of septum and imaging will also demonstrate associated renal anomalies. Optimal imaging sequences and planes allow the radiologist to accurately determine key characteristic features.
Adnexal Diseases
Authors: Swift Sarah , Woo Sungmin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAdnexal masses may present as symptomatic lesions or be discovered incidentally during radiological examinations. The questions asked of radiologists are firstly, what is the nature of the mass and secondly, does it need to be removed and if so, how? Multidisciplinary discussion is to plan patient management and aim to avoid the two scenarios of simple resection of an ovarian cancer and major debulking surgery for benign disease.Ultrasound (US) is excellent for characterisation of many common benign pathologies, but benign disease can present with complex appearances that are sonographically indeterminate. The widespread use of computed tomography (CT) as first-line investigation in many clinical settings has resulted in diagnosis but limited characterisation of adnexal lesions.Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has a crucial role to play as a problem-solving tool. The ability to confirm the organ of origin and give information on the nature of contents of a lesion allows confident diagnoses to be made, and an algorithmic approach to this has been described in the Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) MRI scoring system.
Small Bowel: The Last Stronghold of Gastrointestinal Radiology
Authors: Naama Moriyah , Ros Pablo R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCross-sectional imaging is of vital importance in the diagnosis and management of small bowel pathology. The key imaging modalities are CT- and MR- enterography CT-E and MR-E), each with characteristic advantages and disadvantages in various clinical settings. Major small bowel pathology includes inflammatory conditions such as IBD, infection, GVHD, and celiac disease. Neoplasms of the small bowel are relatively rare, though clinical suspicion must remain high as diagnosis is often significantly delayed. Mesenteric ischemia is a surgical emergency and must be identified and managed rapidly in order to minimize mortality. Careful consideration is often needed in choosing appropriate imaging studies for various clinical scenarios to obtain critical diagnostic information and familiarity with radiological signs for various pathologies is essential in the assessment and possible characterization of small bowel disease.
Diffuse Liver Disease
Authors: Bowden David , Reiner Cäcilia S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDiffuse liver disease is multifactorial and may arise from metabolic, storage, vascular or neoplastic disease or from drug-related toxicities. Metabolic disease, in particular non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its sequela of cirrhosis, is an increasing worldwide epidemic with decompensation and the development of malignancy a major concern. This chapter aims to summarize current radiologic techniques in the early detection of chronic/diffuse liver diseases and describes the imaging features of the most common important associated lesions.
Diseases of the Gallbladder and the Biliary Tree
Authors: Do Richard K. , Boll Daniel T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCross-sectional imaging modalities including ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and computed tomography (CT) play a critical role in the diagnosis of diseases of the biliary tract and gallbladder. Biliary imaging for evaluation of obstructive jaundice seeks to diagnose the level of obstruction and its cause. The identification of dilated bile ducts necessitates evaluation for strictures or filling defects, which is best performed with thin-section CT or T2-weighted MR cholangiography (MRCP). Choledocholithiasis with accompanying cholecystolithiasis is the most common cause of biliary obstruction and modern thin-section three dimensional MR cholangiography is highly sensitive and specific for the detection of stones. Recognition of gallbladder wall thickening and surrounding edema may be seen in acute cholecystitis, identification of bile duct wall thickening raises concern for cholangitis or malignancy. Primary sclerosing cholangitis and secondary sclerosing cholangitis such as recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, and IgG4 related sclerosing disease can develop chronic progressive cholestatic liver disease characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, and stricture of the bile ducts. Familiarity with the typical clinical and radiologic appearances of various etiologies of cholangiopathies and biliary malignancies is also important for accurate image interpretation.
Sicher und klimafest: Der deutsche Sozialstaat vor einer doppelten Herausforderung
Authors: Bothfeld Silke 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie soziale Daseinsvorsorge, eine zentrale Säule unseres Sozialstaatsgebäudes, birgt ein in der Sozialstaatsreformdebatte oftmals übersehenes, aber gewichtiges Potential für einen sozial-ökologischen Umbau. Es ist aber eine politische und keine systemische Frage, welche neuen Risiken in den kollektiven Sicherungssystemen berücksichtigt werden. Fest steht, die Umverteilung der vorhandenen Ressourcen und Kosten muss in zwei Dimensionen neu organisiert werden: Zwischen Arbeit und Kapital durch die Regulierung des Arbeitsmarktes und die Stärkung der kollektiven Systeme, sowie, stärker als in der Vergangenheit, auch zwischen starken und schwachen Bürger:innen innerhalb einer solidarischen Gesellschaft. Anstelle der Privilegierung des privaten und eben oftmals umweltschädlichen Wohlstands auf Kosten des Allgemeinwohls müssen Investitionen in die öffentliche Daseinsvorsorge so getätigt werden, dass sie die Polarität in den Lebenslagen der oberen und der unteren Mittelschicht abmildern und einen Rahmen für ein ökologisch verträgliches ‚gutes Leben‘ für alle Bürger:innen bilden.
Wirtschaft wird von Menschen gemacht – warum merkt man so wenig davon?
Authors: Gerlof Kathrin 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungWirtschaft ist Menschenwerk, basiert auf menschlichem Handeln, aber die Marktgesetze, die Wachstumslogik, die Eigentumsverhältnisse sollen unabänderlich sein. Diesem „ganz großartigen Zirkelschluss“ spürt der Essay nach. Er lässt sich davon faszinieren, wie sehr die kapitalistische Wirtschaftsweise das Arbeiten und das Leben permanent verändert und wie gründlich sie dabei ein und dieselbe bleibt, sich als alternativloses Optimum zu präsentieren weiß. Für alle Probleme, die sie erzeugt, für soziales Elend wie für ökologische Katastrophen, bietet sie sich als die einzig mögliche Lösung an. Die Wirtschaftswissenschaft, die Politik, die digitale Technik werden befragt, wie sie hierher geraten sind, zu glauben, dass nur das Bestehende zugleich die Alternative ist. Die Pandemie bot der Politik die Gelegenheit, sich zu besinnen, dass die Arbeit vor allem von jenen Menschen gemacht wird, die nicht an ihren Konferenztischen, in ihren Hinterzimmern und Expertenkommissionen sitzen. Aber dann blieb sie doch dabei zu glauben, dass arbeitende Menschen nur Kostenfaktoren und als solche zu behandeln sind.
Bürger 4.0
Authors: Baecker Dirk 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungAuch der Bürger ist eine Einmalerfindung der menschlichen Gesellschaft, Name und historische Gestalt mögen sich ändern, die Funktion wird beibehalten. Zwar erhebt erst die moderne, die bürgerliche Gesellschaft ihn zum Prinzip der Selbstbeschreibung der Gesellschaft, aber das schließt nicht aus, dass es ihn vorher schon gab (oft tatsächlich nur als Maskulinum) und dass er die Transformation der modernen in eine nächste Gesellschaft überlebt. Diese Vermutung kann nur im Rahmen einer Medienarchäologie der Gesellschaft geprüft werden. Diese Medienarchäologie unterscheidet im Anschluss an Marshall McLuhan und seine Schule vier Medienepochen der menschlichen Gesellschaft, die Epochen der Mündlichkeit, der Schriftlichkeit, des Buchdrucks und der elektronischen Medien und nimmt an, dass mit jedem Auftreten dieser dominant werdenden Medien der Maßstab, das Tempo und das Schema der Situation des Menschen verändert werden. Der Bürger 4.0, zeigt sich dabei, ist der erregte Bürger. Er erregt sich, um teilzunehmen, und er erregt sich, um abzuschalten. Erregung ist die Form, die eine Reaktion ermöglicht, ohne verstanden, geschweige denn durchdrungen zu haben, worauf man sich einlässt.
Freiheit oder Gleichheit? Gleiche Freiheit!
Authors: Herzog Lisa 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie republikanische Tradition hat eine natürliche Affinität zu einem Verständnis von Demokratie als nicht nur repräsentativ, sondern auch partizipativ. Ohne die Bedeutung repräsentativer Strukturen leugnen zu wollen, betont diese Richtung demokratischen Denkens die Einbindung aller Bürger:innen in demokratische Prozesse, nicht nur im politischen Geschehen auf großer (sprich nationaler) Bühne, sondern auch auf allen Ebenen föderaler Strukturen und auch in Bereichen des Lebens, die oft nicht als „politisch“ im engeren Sinne gefasst werden, zum Beispiel der Zivilgesellschaft und der Wirtschaft. Denn nur, wenn Demokratie im Alltag der Einzelnen, in ihren Begegnungen untereinander und in der Gestaltung ihrer gemeinsamen Praktiken und Regeln verwurzelt ist, kann eine wirklich demokratische Haltung entstehen, die das Versprechen einlöst, nicht der Willkür anderer unterworfen zu sein.
Bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization with buckling constraints
Authors: Xu Tao , Lin Xiaoshan , Xie Yi Min 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBuckling is a critical phenomenon in structural members under compression, which could cause catastrophic failure of a structure. To increase the buckling resistance in structural design, a novel topology optimization approach based on the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method is proposed in this study with the consideration of buckling constraints. The BESO method benefits from using only two discrete statuses (solid and void) for design variables, thereby alleviating numerical issues associated with pseudo buckling modes. The Kreisselmeier-Steinhauser aggregation function is introduced to aggregate multiple buckling constraints into a differentiable one. An augmented Lagrangian multiplier is developed to integrate buckling constraints into the objective function to ensure computational stability. Besides, a modified design variable update scheme is proposed to control the evolutionary rate after the target volume fraction is reached. Four topology optimization design examples are investigated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the buckling-constrained BESO method. The numerical results show that the developed optimization algorithm with buckling constraints can significantly improve structural stability with a slight increase in compliance.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Reduction Mammaplasty: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Seretis Konstantinos , Bounas Nikolaos , Papaspyrou Foteini 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Mounting evidence suggests that breast reduction surgery displays higher rates of surgical site infections (SSI) than initially presumed. Objective of this network meta-analysis is to evaluate the effectiveness of different antibiotic regimens in the prophylaxis from surgical site infections and delayed wound healing (DWH) following breast reduction.

Methods
A network meta-analysis was conducted using a predetermined protocol after searching the electronic databases MEDLINE, Scopus, the Cochrane Library and US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register from inception to July 2022. The included studies had to examine breast reduction in females with at least 1-month follow-up, receiving antibiotics in an intervention arm compared to a control arm. The quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. A frequentist Mantel-Haenszel approach was adopted for the reported SSI rates while an inverse variance random effects model was used for the DWH rates.

Results
A total of 10 studies was included in the analysis involving 1331 patients. All but one study controlled for major risk factors, and no differences were observed in patients’ baseline characteristics. Antibiotic administration significantly reduced the SSI rate after breast reduction, with the prolonged antibiotic regimen being the most efficacious (odds ratio [OR]: 0.36 [95%CI: 0.15–0.85]). No statistically significant reduction in delayed wound healing rate was revealed among the regimens.

Conclusions
Antibiotics mitigate the SSI rate after breast reduction. This meta-analysis provides an evidence-based strategy to optimize antibiotic administration. Further research is needed though to examine antibiotic prophylaxis on delayed wound healing.

Level of Evidence III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Population characteristics, management, and survival outcomes in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma undergoing radical resection: the MINOTAUR study
Authors: Roupret Morgan , Brouquet Alice , Colrat Florian , Diez-Andreu Pauline , Prudent Alexis , Chartier Mélanie , Gaudin Anne-Françoise , Bugnard Françoise , Chillotti Louis , Bénard Stève , Branchoux Sébastien , Bellera Carine , Negrier Sylvie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To describe the incidence, management, and survival outcomes of patients with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC) undergoing radical surgery (RS) in France.

Methods
We relied on a non-interventional real-world retrospective study based on French National Hospitalization Database. Adults with MIUC with a first RS between 2015 and 2020 were selected. Subpopulations of patients with RS performed in 2015 and 2019 (pre-COVID-19) were extracted, according to cancer site: muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) or upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Disease-free and overall survival (DFS, OS – Kaplan–Meier) were assessed on the 2015 subpopulation.

Results
Between 2015 and 2020, 21,295 MIUC patients underwent a first RS. Of them, 68.9% had MIBC, 28.9% UTUC, and 2.2% both cancers. Apart from fewer men among UTUC (70.2%) than MIBC patients (90.1%), patients’ demographic (mean age ~ 73 years) and clinical characteristics were similar whatever the cancer site or year of first RS. In 2019, RS alone was the most frequent treatment, occurring in 72.3% and 92.6% in MIBC and UTUC, respectively. Between 2015 and 2019, neoadjuvant use rate increased from 13.8% to 22.2% in MIBC, and adjuvant use rate increased from 3.7% to 6.3% in UTUC. Finally, median [95% confidence interval] DFS times were 16.0 [14.0–18.0] and 27.0 [23.0–32.0] months among MIBC and UTUC, respectively.

Conclusion
Among patients with resected MIUC annually, RS alone remained the main treatment. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant use increased between 2015 and 2019. Nonetheless, MIUC remains of poor prognosis, highlighting an unmet medical need, notably among patients at high risk of recurrence.
Genetic testing for Parkinson’s disease in clinical practice
Authors: Gasser Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe identification of disease-causing mutations or strong risk factors for Parkinson’s disease in genes encoding proteins such as α-synuclein (SNCA), leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 (LRRK2), or glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) has led to a better understanding of the different components of disease pathogenesis. Many gene and mutation-specific targeted disease-modifying treatments are under development and several studies are under way. It is, therefore, important to raise awareness among patients and their families and to offer genetic testing, at least to those patients who are considering to participate in innovative trials.
Climatic characteristics of mesoscale convective systems in the warm season in North China
Authors: Long Linxue , He Lihua , Li Jiangbo , Zhang Wenlong , Zhang Yingxin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, a total of 339 mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are obtained in North China using the temperature of brightness blackbody (TBB) data from the FY-2E in the warm season from 2010 to 2018. The number of meso-α-scale convective systems (MαCSs) is much more than that of meso-β-scale convective systems (MβCSs). The number of mesoscale elongated convective systems (MECSs) is more than that of mesoscale circular convective systems (MCCSs). Most MCSs occur in July and August, which have the widest influence range, the longest duration, and the strongest convection. The MαCS develops slowly and weakens rapidly. The diurnal variation of MαCSs presents a bimodal distribution, most of MαCSs form in the afternoon, while some of MαCSs form in the evening. The MCSs activities in the warm season of North China are concentrated in two belts, namely, the east–west-oriented belt along Henan Province, Shandong Province and the Yellow Sea, and the south–north-oriented belt along central-western Shandong, Tianjin City, the west of Bohai Sea and the northeast of Hebei Province. MCSs mainly move eastward, and only some MECSs move southwestward and northwestward. The easterly and northerly moving MCSs are mainly affected by the steering flow, while the southerly moving MCSs are mainly affected by storm propagation. The MCSs of North China mainly form in the high temperature, high humidity and high energy area, with favorable dynamic conditions, such as middle-level trough or vortex, low-level shear line, surface inverted trough or surface convergence line, and the terrain. Meanwhile, the MCS pregnant environment is often accompanied by low-level jet and relatively strong vertical wind shear.
Potential of microalgae Bio-Coke as a sustainable solid fuel alternative to coal coke
Authors: Koesoemadinata Vidya Cundasari , Nakamura Shunsuke , Kamal Baharin Nur Syahirah , Yahya Wira Jazair , Muhamad Yuzir Muhamad Ali , Iwamoto Koji , Suzuki Kengo , Ida Tamio , Md Akhir Fazrena Nadia , Othman Nor’azizi , Hara Hirofumi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEnergy and environmental issues have triggered the search for new sources of green energy alternatives in recent years. Biofuel production from renewable sources is widely considered one of the most sustainable alternatives for environmental and economic sustainability. Microalgae are currently being promoted as one of the most promising liquid biofuel feedstocks due to their rapid growth, high lipid production capacity, and carbon–neutral cycle. In this study, whole microalgae cells were utilized as raw material to produce solid biofuel, i.e., Bio-Coke, and this study aimed to investigate the possibility of microalgae Bio-Coke as an alternative to coal coke. The results show that Bio-Coke can be produced from microalgae in the temperature range of 80–100 °C. The apparent density is between 1.253 and 1.261 g/cm3, comparable to the apparent density of lignocellulosic Bio-Coke. Additionally, the calorific value is higher than the calorific value of lignocellulosic Bio-Coke and within the range of the calorific value of subbituminous coal. Therefore, microalgae Bio-Coke can be utilized to replace coal coke usage in the future.
Risk Factors Associated with HIV Acquisition in Males Participating in HIV Vaccine Efficacy Trials in South Africa
Authors: Malahleha Mookho , Laher Fatima , Dilraj Athmanundh , Smith Philip , Gray Glenda E. , Grove Doug , Odhiambo Jackline A. , Andrasik Michele P. , Grunenberg Nicole A. , Moodie Zoe , Huang Yunda , Borate Bhavesh R. , Gillespie Kevin M. , Allen Mary , Atujuna Millicent , Singh Nishanta , Kalonji Dishiki , Meintjes Graeme , Kotze Phillip , Bekker Linda-Gail , Janes Holly 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn South Africa, HIV acquisition risk has been studied less in people assigned male at birth. We studied the associations between risk behaviors, clinical features and HIV incidence amongst males in two South African HIV preventive vaccine efficacy trials. We used Cox proportional hazards models to test for associations between demographics, sexual behaviors, clinical variables and HIV acquisition among males followed in the HVTN 503 (n = 219) and HVTN 702 (n = 1611) trials. Most males reported no male sexual partners (99.09% in HVTN 503) or identified as heterosexual (88.08% in HVTN 702). Annual HIV incidence was 1.39% in HVTN 503 (95% CI 0.76–2.32%) and 1.33% in HVTN 702 (95% CI 0.80–2.07%). Increased HIV acquisition was significantly associated with anal sex (HR 6.32, 95% CI 3.44–11.62), transactional sex (HR 3.42, 95% CI 1.80–6.50), and non-heterosexual identity (HR 16.23, 95%CI 8.13–32.41) in univariate analyses and non-heterosexual identity (HR 14.99, 95% CI 4.99–45.04; p < 0.01) in multivariate analysis. It is appropriate that prevention efforts in South Africa, although focused on the severe epidemic in young women, also encompass key male populations, including men who have sex with men, but also men who engage in anal or transactional sex.
A natural Hessian approximation for ensemble based optimization
Authors: Zhang Yiteng , Stordal Andreas S. , Lorentzen Rolf J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA key challenge in reservoir management and other fields of engineering involves optimizing a nonlinear function iteratively. Due to the lack of available gradients in commercial reservoir simulators the attention over the last decades has been on gradient free methods or gradient approximations. In particular, the ensemble-based optimization has gained popularity over the last decade due to its simplicity and efficient implementation when considering an ensemble of reservoir models. Typically, a regression type gradient approximation is used in a backtracking or line search setting. This paper introduces an approximation of the Hessian utilizing a Monte Carlo approximation of the natural gradient with respect to the covariance matrix. This Hessian approximation can further be implemented in a trust region approach in order to improve the efficiency of the algorithm. The advantages of using such approximations are demonstrated by testing the proposed algorithm on the Rosenbrock function and on a synthetic reservoir field.
Environmental Harms at the Border: The Case of Lampedusa
Authors: Soliman Francesca 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper I examine authorities’ management of migrant boats on the island of Lampedusa, Italy, as an example of environmental border harm. A danger to trawlers, sunken wrecks are also hazardous to the environment, with pollutants such as oil and fuel seeping into the sea. Migrant boats that reach the island, whether independently or towed by rescuers, are left to accumulate in the harbour and eventually break up, scattering debris in bad weather. When boats are uplifted onto land, they are amassed in large dumps, leaking pollutants into the soil. Periodically, the resulting environmental crises trigger emergency tendering processes for the disposal of the boats, which allow for the environmental protections normally required in public bidding to be suspended for the sake of expediency. The disposal of migrant boats thus relies on a pattern of manufactured environmental emergencies, consistent with the intrinsically crisis-based management of the border itself.