bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface and diving metabolic rates, and dynamic aerobic dive limits (dADL) in near‐ and off‐shore bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops spp., indicate that deep diving is energetically cheap
Authors: Fahlman Andreas , Allen Austin S. , Blawas Ashley , Sweeney Jay , Stone Rae , Trainor Robyn Faulkner , Jensen Frants H. , McHugh Katherine , Allen Jason B. , Barleycorn Aaron A. , Wells Randall S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHigh‐resolution dive depth and acceleration recordings from nearshore (Sarasota Bay, dive depth < 30 m), and offshore (Bermuda) bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) were used to estimate the diving metabolic rate (DMR) and the locomotor metabolic rate (LMR, L O2/min) during three phases of diving (descent, bottom, and ascent). For shallow dives (depth ≤ 30 m), we found no differences between the two ecotypes in the LMR during diving, nor during the postdive shallow interval between dives. For intermediate (30 m < depth ≤ 100 m) and deep dives (depth > 100 m), the LMR was significantly higher during ascent than during descent and the bottom phase by 59% and 9%, respectively. In addition, the rate of change in depth during descent and ascent (meters/second) increased with maximal dive depth. The dynamic aerobic dive limit (dADL) was calculated from the estimated DMR and the estimated predive O2 stores. For the Bermuda dolphins, the dADL decreased with dive depth, and was 18.7, 15.4, and 11.1 min for shallow, intermediate, and deep dives, respectively. These results provide a useful approach to understand the complex nature of physiological interactions between aerobic metabolism, energy use, and diving capacity.
The national prevalence of disorders of gut brain interaction in the United Kingdom in comparison to their worldwide prevalence: Results from the Rome foundation global epidemiology study
Authors: Jaafari Hussain , Houghton Lesley A. , West Robert M. , Agrawal Anurag , Aziz Imran , Black Christopher J. , Corsetti Maura , Shuweihdi Farag , Eugenicos Maria , Paine Peter A. , Ford Alexander C. , Whorwell Peter J. , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , Palsson Olafur S. , Sperber Ami D. , Vasant Dipesh H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere are minimal epidemiological data comparing the burden of disorders of gut brain interaction (DGBI) in the UK with other countries. We compared the prevalence of DGBI in the UK with other countries that participated in the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study (RFGES) online.MethodsParticipants from 26 countries completed the RFGES survey online including the Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire and an in‐depth supplemental questionnaire with questions about dietary habits. UK sociodemographic and prevalence data were compared with the other 25 countries pooled together.Key ResultsThe proportion of participants with at least one DGBI was lower in UK participants compared with in the other 25 countries (37.6% 95% CI 35.5%–39.7% vs. 41.2%; 95% CI 40.8%–41.6%,p = 0.001). The UK prevalence of 14 of 22 Rome IV DGBI, including irritable bowel syndrome (4.3%) and functional dyspepsia (6.8%), was similar to the other countries. Fecal incontinence, opioid‐induced constipation, chronic nausea and vomiting, and cannabinoid hyperemesis (p < 0.05) were more prevalent in the UK. Cyclic vomiting, functional constipation, unspecified functional bowel disorder, and proctalgia fugax (p < 0.05) were more prevalent in the other 25 countries. Diet in the UK population consisted of higher consumption of meat and milk (p < 0.001), and lower consumption of rice, fruit, eggs, tofu, pasta, vegetables/legumes, and fish (p < 0.001).Conclusions and InferencesThe prevalence and burden of DGBI is consistently high in the UK and in the rest of the world. Opioid prescribing, cultural, dietary, and lifestyle factors may contribute to differences in the prevalence of some DGBI between the UK and other countries.
Face‐to‐face interviews versus Internet surveys: Comparison of two data collection methods in the Rome foundation global epidemiology study: Implications for population‐based research
Authors: Sperber Ami D. , Bor Serhat , Fang Xuicai , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , Drossman Douglas A. , Ghoshal Uday C. , Simren Magnus , Tack Jan , Whitehead William E. , Dumitrascu Dan L. , Fukudo Shin , Kellow John , Okeke Edith , Quigley Eamonn M. M. , Schmulson Max , Whorwell Peter , Archampong Timothy , Adibi Payman , Andresen Viola , Benninga Marc A. , Bonaz Bruno , Fernandez Luis Bustos , Choi Suck Chei , Corazziari Enrico S. , Francisconi Carlos , Hani Albis , Lazebnik Leonid , Lee Yeong Yeh , Mulak Agata , Rahman M. Masudur , Santos Javier , Setshedi Mashiko , Syam Ari Fahrial , Vanner Stephen , Wong Reuben K. , Lopez‐Colombo Aurelio , Costa Valeria , Dickman Ram , Kanazawa Motoyori , Keshteli Ammar Hassanzadeh , Khatun Rutaba , Maleki Iradj , Poitras Pierre , Pratap Nitesh , Stefanyuk Oksana , Thomson Sandie , Buyruk Murat , Unal Nalan , Huang Dan , Song Jun , Hreinsson Johann P. , Palsson Olafur S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study (RFGES) assessed the prevalence, burden, and associated factors of Disorders of Gut–Brain Interaction (DGBI) in 33 countries around the world. Achieving worldwide sampling necessitated use of two different surveying methods: In‐person household interviews (9 countries) and Internet surveys (26 countries). Two countries, China and Turkey, were surveyed with both methods. This paper examines the differences in the survey results with the two methods, as well as likely reasons for those differences.MethodsThe two RFGES survey methods are described in detail, and differences in DGBI findings summarized for household versus Internet surveys globally, and in more detail for China and Turkey. Logistic regression analysis was used to elucidate factors contributing to these differences.ResultsOverall, DGBI were only half as prevalent when assessed with household vs Internet surveys. Similar patterns of methodology‐related DGBI differences were seen within both China and Turkey, but prevalence differences between the survey methods were dramatically larger in Turkey. No clear reasons for outcome differences by survey method were identified, although greater relative reduction in bowel and anorectal versus upper gastrointestinal disorders when household versus Internet surveying was used suggests an inhibiting influence of social sensitivity.ConclusionsThe findings strongly indicate that besides affecting data quality, manpower needs and data collection time and costs, the choice of survey method is a substantial determinant of symptom reporting and DGBI prevalence outcomes. This has important implications for future DGBI research and epidemiological research more broadly.
Toward understanding links between the microbiome and neurotransmitters
Authors: Lynch Jonathan B. , Hsiao Elaine Y. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe gut microbiota modulates neurobiological activity in various animal lineages. This is often proposed to occur through interactions with neurotransmitters and other neuromodulatory molecules in the host. Our commentary will discuss recent research that establishes microbiota–neurotransmitter connections, gaps in current understanding, and outstanding questions that may guide future advances in the field of microbiota–nervous system interactions.
Gallstone ileus at 17 years after living donor liver transplantation: A case report
Authors: Komine Ryuji , Sakamoto Seisuke , Uchida Hajime , Nakao Toshimasa , Kodama Tasuku , Okada Noriki , Shimizu Seiichi , Fukuda Akinari , Kasahara Mureo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundGallstone ileus (GI) occurs in <0.1% of all cases of mechanical bowel obstruction. There have been a few reports of GI occurring after Kasai procedures or Roux‐en‐Y anastomosis for bariatric surgery. We herein report a case of GI that occurred over 17 years after liver transplantation (LT).Case ReportA 33‐year‐old woman who had undergone living donor LT for biliary atresia at 16 years old and had been regularly followed on an outpatient basis in our hospital presented with the sudden onset of increased abdominal distension, pain, and nausea. Enhanced abdominal computed tomography showed dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct and the whole intestinal tract of the Roux limb as well as ischemic changes near the jejuno‐jejunal anastomosis. On laparotomy, a movable and hard foreign body was palpated in the intestinal tract close to the jejuno‐jejunal anastomosis site. Enterotomy was performed, and a 4‐cm gallstone was removed. The patient had a good postoperative course and was discharged on postoperative day 12.ConclusionsAlthough GI after LT is a rare complication, it may need to be differentiated as a cause of ileus. An accurate differential diagnosis and early reliable intervention for stone removal will help prevent serious bowel complication, which may lead to graft dysfunction.
Anisotropic cell growth and cell wall structure in lenticular cell of Valonia utricularis (Ulvophyceae)
Authors: Mine Ichiro , Inoue Yusuke , Yamamoto Takuji , Sekida Satoko 
Published: April 2023

SummaryDuring cell division of the giant‐celled green alga, Valonia utricularis, a lenticular cell is newly formed, which grows from disc‐shaped to globular to obovoid. During the early developmental stages of growth, the cell surface shows a remarkable outward protrusion. In the present study, the anisotropy of cell growth, i.e. the difference between cell surface extension in meridional and radial orientation, was investigated by analyzing the movement of the surface markers in a living cell. Growth was isotropic around the cell zenith but of two different kinds of anisotropic growth in other regions; radial extension was dominant in cell periphery and meridional extension in intermediate regions between zenith and periphery. Moreover, local orientation of cellulose microfibrils was observed on the inner surface of the cell wall during different stages of early development in lenticular cell using an atomic force microscope. Cellulose microfibrils showed meridional orientation overall and this phenomenon was most remarkable in the periphery of the cell, suggesting the possibility of cellulose microfibrils promoting radial extension of cells by suppressing meridional extension of cell wall.
A systematic exploration of attentional load effects on the C1 ERP component
Authors: Qin Nan , Crespi Francesca , Proverbio Alice Mado , Pourtois Gilles 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe C1 ERP component reflects the earliest visual processing in V1. However, it remains debated whether attentional load can influence it or not. We conducted two EEG experiments to investigate the effect of attentional load on the C1. Task difficulty was manipulated at fixation using an oddball detection task that was either easy (low load) or difficult (high load), while the distractor was presented in the upper visual field (UVF) to score the C1. In Experiment 1, we used a block design and the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between the central stimulus and the peripheral distractor was either short or long. In Experiment 2, task difficulty was manipulated on a trial‐by‐trial basis using a visual cue, and the peripheral distractor was presented either before or after the central stimulus. The results showed that the C1 was larger in the high compared to the low load condition irrespective of SOA in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, no significant load modulation of the C1 was observed. However, we found that the contingent negative variation (CNV) was larger in the low compared to the high load condition. Moreover, the C1 was larger when the peripheral distractor was presented after than before the central stimulus. Combined together, these results suggest that different top‐down control processes can influence the initial feedforward stage of visual processing in V1 captured by the C1 ERP component.
The management of the sea lice in Chile: A review
Authors: Bravo Sandra , Treasurer James 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSea lice infestations have the largest economic and biological impact on salmon farming in Chile, similar to that seen in salmon‐producing countries in the northern hemisphere. Caligus teres infesting coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) was first recorded in 1981, but Caligus rogercresseyi has been the predominant species infesting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from 1997. In contrast, coho salmon has been shown to be resistant to this sea louse species. Regulations to establish integrated pest management of sea lice were implemented by the Chilean authority in 2007. However, to date, pharmacological medicines have been the main tool used by the salmon farming industry in Chile to manage sea lice, although non‐pharmacological treatments have been available since 2016. Production of farmed salmon reached 978.274 tons in 2021 and 7.72 g of medicines was prescribed per ton of harvested salmon. The highest volumes used in that year were Azamethiphos (47%) and hexaflumuron (45.5%), in addition to 5532 tons of hydrogen peroxide. This review updates the current management of sea lice in Chile and also summarizes the biological knowledge of this important parasite.
Exporting and sourcing strategies
Authors: Kang Youngho , Whang Unjung 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study uses firm‐level panel data for South Korea for the period 2006–2015, to investigate changes in firms' sourcing behaviors after these firms start exporting. The data studied includes detailed information on firms' export status, whether their purchases of intermediate inputs were domestic or from foreign markets, and whether the supplier firms were affiliated or non‐affiliated. To estimate the effects of exporting on firms' sourcing strategies, we employ a difference‐in‐differences estimator with propensity score matching. The main finding is that participation in export markets leads to the increased use of intermediate inputs purchased from foreign suppliers; it also increases these firms' sourcing from affiliated parties relative to sourcing from non‐affiliated suppliers. These changes in firms' sourcing compositions after their entry into export markets are mainly driven by purchasing rather than subcontracting. These findings point out that firms that newly participate in exporting tend to improve their product competitiveness by increasing the proportion of their intermediate inputs from foreign affiliates. It is also possible that these firms expanded their foreign networks after they begin export activities, and this plays a role in how and where they source their intermediate inputs.
An anchored joint acceptance account of group justification
Authors: Schwengerer Lukas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhen does a group justifiedly believe that p? One answer to this question has been developed first by Schmitt and then by Hakli: when the group members jointly accept a reason for the belief. Call this the joint acceptance account of group justification. Their answer has great explanatory power, providing us with a way to account for cases in which the group's justification can diverge from the justification individual members have. Unfortunately, Jennifer Lackey developed a powerful argument against joint acceptance accounts. She argues that these accounts lead to epistemically arbitrary reasons and therefore justification at will. Group justification loses the necessary connection to the world to be truth‐conducive. In this paper I develop a new form of a joint acceptance account that can deal with Lackey's examples: the anchored joint acceptance account of group justification. I argue that properly understanding the role of epistemic expectations can help us form the best version of a joint acceptance account. While justification is only generated by joint acceptance of evidence, the evidential expectations towards a group are anchored in the group members. This anchoring guarantees that groups cannot manipulate their ultima facie justification illegitimately.
Invasive bacterial infection in children with fever and petechial rash in the emergency department: a national prospective observational study
Authors: Storch-De-Gracia Pilar , Fernández Jose Luis , Velasco Roberto , Saez Itsaso , Rodrigo Rocío , Yañez Sandra , Castellarnau Ester , Gil Elena , del Rio Patricia , Garrido Estíbaliz , Castaño Antón , Perez Álvaro , Cabrerizo María , Hernández María , Pérez Juan Jesús , de la Torre María José , Nadal Gemma , Martínez Javier , Sánchez-Tatay Victoria 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo determine the incidence and clinical predictors of invasive bacterial infection (IBI) in well-appearing children who present to the emergency department (ED) with fever and petechiae.DesignA prospective, observational, multicentre study was conducted in 18 hospitals between November 2017 and October 2019.PatientsA total of 688 patients were recruited.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the presence of IBI. Clinical features and laboratory test results were described and related to the presence of IBI.ResultsTen IBIs were found (1.5%), comprising eight cases of meningococcal disease and two of occult pneumococcal bacteraemia. Median age was 26.2 months (IQR 15.3–51.2). Blood samples were obtained from 575 patients (83.3%). Patients with an IBI had a shorter time from fever to ED visit (13.5 hours vs 24 hours) and between fever and rash onset (3.5 hours vs 24 hours). Values for absolute leucocyte count, total neutrophil count, C reactive protein and procalcitonin were significantly higher in patients with an IBI. Significantly fewer patients with a favourable clinical status while in the observation unit were found to have an IBI (2/408 patients, 0.5%) than when clinical status was unfavourable (3/18, 16.7%).ConclusionsThe incidence of IBI among children with fever and petechial rash is lower than previously reported (1.5%). The time from fever to ED visit and to rash onset was shorter in patients with an IBI. Patients with a favourable clinical course during observation in the ED are at lower risk of IBI.
Gelatine tannate in the management of acute gastroenteritis in children: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kołodziej Maciej , Bebenek Dorota , Konarska Zofia , Szajewska Hania 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of gelatine tannate (a complex of tannic acid with astringent and anti-inflammatory properties, and a protective gelatine) for the treatment of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children.DesignRandomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Intention-to-treat analysis.SettingTwo paediatric hospitals in Warsaw.ParticipantsChildren younger than 5 years of age with AGE, defined as a change in stool consistency to a loose or liquid form (according to the Bristol Stool Form Scale or Amsterdam Stool Form Scale) and/or an increase in the frequency of evacuations (≥3 in 24 hours), lasting for no longer than 5 days.InterventionsSeventy-two children were assigned to receive gelatine tannate (n=36) or placebo (n=36) in addition to standard rehydration therapy. The gelatine tannate was administered at an age-dependent dose (250–500 mg), and both study products were taken four times per day for 5 days.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe main outcome measure was duration of diarrhoea. Secondary outcomes included the need for intravenous rehydration, need for hospitalisation of outpatients, number of watery stools per day, vomiting, weight gain, adverse events, recurrence of diarrhoea, severity of diarrhoea according to the Vesikari Scale and use of concomitant medications.ResultsSixty-four children (89%) completed the intervention and were included in the analysis. The duration of diarrhoea after randomisation was similar in the gelatine tannate and placebo groups (75.6±27.8 vs 75.5±29.0 hours, respectively, mean difference 0.1 hours, 95% CI −14.1 to 14.3 hours). There was no significant difference between groups in the number of watery stools per day throughout the study period. There were also no differences in any other secondary outcome measures between groups.ConclusionIn children with AGE younger than 5 years of age, gelatine tannate was ineffective as an adjunct to rehydration therapy.Trial registration numberNCT02280759.
Danish method study on cervical screening in women offered HPV vaccination as girls (Trial23): a study protocol
Authors: Thamsborg Lise Holst , Andersen Berit , Larsen Lise Grupe , Christensen Jette , Johansen Tonje , Hariri Jalil , Christiansen Sanne , Rygaard Carsten , Lynge Elsebeth 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionThe first birth cohorts of women offered human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination as girls are now entering cervical screening. However, there is no international consensus on how to screen HPV vaccinated women. These women are better protected against cervical cancer and could therefore be offered less intensive screening. Primary HPV testing is more sensitive than cytology, allowing for a longer screening interval. The aim of Trial23 is to investigate if primary HPV testing with cytology triage of HPV positive samples is a reasonable screening scheme for women offered HPV vaccination as girls.MethodsTrial23 is a method study embedded in the existing cervical screening programme in four out of five Danish regions. Without affecting the screening programme, women born in 1994 are randomised to present screening with liquid-based cytology every third year (present programme arm) or present screening plus an HPV test (HPV arm). The study started 1 February 2017 and will run over three screening rounds corresponding to 7–8 years.AnalysesThe primary endpoint is cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or above. The trial is undertaken as a non-inferiority study including intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses. The potential effect of primary HPV screening with a 6-year interval will be calculated from the observed data.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been submitted to the ethical committee and deemed a method study. All women are screened according to routine guidelines. The study will contribute new evidence on the future screening of HPV vaccinated birth cohorts of women. All results will be published in open-access journal.Trial registrationNCT03049553.