bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Pre-Treatment Technology of Sucrose Impregnation of Blackened Hawthorn
Authors: Wang Yiran , Zhang Hao , Wang Likang , Zhu Chuanhe 
Published: July 2023

The traditional hawthorn product market is shrinking year by year, and there is a serious contradiction between supply and demand. The blackening reaction can not only change the original quality of hawthorn, but also provide a new way for hawthorn processing. In this paper, hawthorn was used as raw material, processed by blackening technology, and sensory evaluation is used as an index to optimize the process of sugar liquid immersion pre-treatment by single factor experiment and response surface methodology. The results showed that the optimal process parameters: sucrose concentration of 60%, immersion time of 32h, solid-liquid ratio of 1:2.3, and immersion temperature of 38℃. Under this condition, the sensory score of blackened hawthorns was 98.14±0.03. The blackened hawthorn produced by this process had uniform colour, moderate hardness, strong chewiness.
Framing Anticolonialism in Evaluation: Bridging Decolonizing Methodologies and Culturally Responsive Evaluation
Authors: Jordan Lorien , Hall Jori 
Published: July 2023

Background: Evaluation is grounded in academically imperialistic research methodologies, paradigms, and epistemologies, which have lasting effects on communities of study. Confronting Westernized evaluation's monoculturalism, scholars call for decolonization, to produce locally-determined, strengths-based, culturally-situated, and valid understandings. This endeavor is complicated, requiring a paradigm shift for Westernized evaluators. Purpose: In this paper, we describe the anticolonial culturally responsive framework occurring in the intersections between culturally responsive (CRE) and decolonizing (DF) approaches. Anticolonialism honors decolonizing without displacing the authority of Indigeneity, simultaneously foregrounding the interweaving of evaluator, evaluand, and disciplinary culture. Interrogating academic imperialism through anticolonialism, confronts the social processes and cultural ideologies that produce and reproduce social inequality in evaluations. Setting: Not applicable. Data Collection and Analysis: We draw on scholars and scholarship who have advanced culturally responsive, decolonizing, and anticolonial evaluation and methodological fields. Findings: The anticolonial culturally responsive framework is an invitation for evaluators trained in imperialistic Westernized approaches or who embody the colonial world through our race, language, knowledge, and culture. Our goal is not to displace the primacy and urgency of vitalizing Indigenous and decolonizing frameworks. Instead, we offer a tentative approach committed to pluriversality, justice, self-determination, and the possibility of collaboration between knowledge systems and knowers.
Association of Labor Epidural Analgesia, Oxytocin Exposure, and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children
Authors: Qiu Chunyuan , Carter Sarah A. , Lin Jane C. , Shi Jiaxiao M. , Chow Ting , Desai Vimal N. , Nguyen Vu T. , Spitzer Joseph , Feldman R. Klara , Xiang Anny H. 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceMaternal labor epidural analgesia (LEA) and oxytocin use for labor and delivery have been reported to be associated with child autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, it remains unclear whether these 2 common medications used during labor and delivery have synergistic associations with ASD risk in children.ObjectiveTo assess the independent associations of LEA and oxytocin during labor and delivery with ASD, as well as outcome modification associated with the concurrent use of both interventions.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsData for this cohort study included 205 994 singleton births with vaginal deliveries in a single integrated health care system in Southern California from calendar years 2008 to 2017. Children were followed up to December 31, 2021. Data on use of LEA and oxytocin, covariates, and ASD outcome in children were obtained from electronic medical records. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) adjusting for covariates.ExposuresLabor epidural analgesia and/or oxytocin use during labor and delivery.Main Outcomes and MeasuresA child’s clinical diagnosis of ASD during follow-up and at age of diagnosis.ResultsAmong the cohort, 153 880 children (74.7%) were exposed to maternal LEA and 117 808 children (57.2%) were exposed to oxytocin during labor and delivery. The population of children was approximately half boys and half girls. The median (IQR) age of the mothers was 30.8 (26.8-34.5) years for those not exposed to LEA, 30.0 (25.9-33.8) years for those exposed to LEA, 30.4 (26.5-34.1) years for those unexposed to oxytocin, and 30.0 (25.9-33.9) years for those exposed to oxytocin during labor and delivery. A total of 5146 children (2.5%) had ASD diagnosed during follow-up. Oxytocin exposure was higher among LEA-exposed (67.7%) than -unexposed (26.1%) children. The ASD risk associated with LEA was independent of oxytocin exposure (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.18-1.38); however, the ASD risk associated with oxytocin was not significant after adjusting for LEA exposure (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.99-1.12). A significant interaction of LEA and oxytocin on child ASD risk was found (P = .02 for interaction). Compared with no exposure, HRs were 1.20 (95% CI, 1.09-1.32) for LEA alone, 1.30 (95% CI, 1.20-1.42) for both LEA and oxytocin, and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.78-1.04) for oxytocin alone.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest an association between maternal LEA and ASD risk in children, and the risk appeared to be further increased if oxytocin was also administered. Oxytocin exposure without LEA exposure was not associated with ASD risk in children. These findings must be interpreted with caution. Further studies are needed to replicate or refute the study results and examine biological plausibility.
Making Ternary‐Metal Hydroxysulfide Catalyst via Cathodic Reconstruction with Ion Regulation for Industrial‐Level Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Fang Peng , Zhu Mingze , Liu Jiao , Zhu Zexuan , Hu Jingguo , Xu Xiaoyong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDeep insight into electrochemical reconstruction aids in the decoding of electrocatalytic mechanisms and the development of design principles for advanced catalysts. Despite recent achievements, research concerning cathodic reconstruction is still lacking compared to the anodic variety. This work captures the electroreductive reconstruction dynamics over bimetal Ni–Mo sulfide by various in/ex situ techniques, and whereby cathodic reconstruction is steered with ion regulation to achieve a heterogeneous Ni–Mo–Fe ternary metal hydroxysulfide (NMFSOH) as a robust hydrogen‐evolving catalyst that is competent in industrial‐level water electrolysis. The thermodynamically adaptive heterosynergism in the resultant NMFSOH catalyst can coordinate water dissociation and hydrogenation for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction even at high current densities. A flow‐type alkaline water electrolyzer with dual NMFSOH electrodes affords an electricity consumption of 3.99 kW h Nm−3 and an electricity‐to‐hydrogen efficiency of 88.7%, manifesting its competitive cost‐effectiveness toward practical applications. This study showcases ion‐regulatory reconstruction as an effective strategy to construct high‐performance electrocatalysts.
Comparative morphology of serotonin‐immunoreactive neurons innervating the central complex in the brain of dicondylian insects
Authors: Homberg Uwe , Kirchner Michelle , Kowalewski Kevin , Pitz Vanessa , Kinoshita Michiyo , Kern Martina , Seyfarth Jutta 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSerotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine) acts as a widespread neuromodulator in the nervous system of vertebrates and invertebrates. In insects, it promotes feeding, enhances olfactory sensitivity, modulates aggressive behavior, and, in the central complex of Drosophila, serves a role in sleep homeostasis. In addition to a role in sleep‐wake regulation, the central complex has a prominent role in spatial orientation, goal‐directed locomotion, and navigation vector memory. To further understand the role of serotonergic signaling in this brain area, we analyzed the distribution and identity of serotonin‐immunoreactive neurons across a wide range of insect species. While one bilateral pair of tangential neurons innervating the central body was present in all species studied, a second type was labeled in all neopterans but not in dragonflies and firebrats. Both cell types show conserved major fiber trajectories but taxon‐specific differences in dendritic targets outside the central body and axonal terminals in the central body, noduli, and lateral accessory lobes. In addition, numerous tangential neurons of the protocerebral bridge were labeled in all studied polyneopteran species except for Phasmatodea, but not in Holometabola. Lepidoptera and Diptera showed additional labeling of two bilateral pairs of neurons of a third type. The presence of serotonin in systems of columnar neurons apparently evolved independently in dragonflies and desert locusts. The data suggest distinct evolutionary changes in the composition of serotonin‐immunolabeled neurons of the central complex and provides a promising basis for a phylogenetic study in a wider range of arthropod species.
Ar+ ArH+ Reactive Collisions of Astrophysical Interest: The Case of 36Ar
Authors: Montes de Oca‐Estévez María Judit , Darna Beatriz , García‐Ruiz Borja , Prosmiti Rita , González‐Lezana Tomás , Koner Debasish 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe reactive collision between 36Ar and the 36ArH+ species has been investigated by means of quantum mechanical (QM), quasiclassical trajectories (QCT) and statistical quantum mechanical (SQM) approaches. Reaction probabilities, cross sections as a function of the energy and rate constants in terms of the temperature have been obtained. Cumulative distributions as a function of the collision time and the inspection of selected QCT corresponding to specific dynamical mechanisms have been analysed. Predictions by means of the SQM method are in good agreement with the QM results, thus supporting the complex‐forming nature of the process.
Disproportionality Analysis of Lenvatinib‐Caused Gastrointestinal Perforation in Cancer Patients: A Pharmacovigilance Analysis Based on the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Zhou Jianxing , Wei Zipeng , Zheng You , Xie Helin , Cao Wanxia , Cai Xinying , Huang Jialin , Wu Xuemei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLenvatinib is a medication that targets multiple tyrosine kinases and is commonly used to treat various types of cancer. With its frequent usage, monitoring and assessing its potential adverse effects has become crucial. This study utilizes the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database to analyze the possible link between lenvatinib and gastrointestinal perforation. FAERS was used to analyze adverse drug reactions (ADRs) linked with lenvatinib from the first quarter of 2015 to the last quarter of 2022. The association between lenvatinib and gastrointestinal perforation was evaluated using disproportionality analyses. This study included 464 patients who developed gastrointestinal perforation after using lenvatinib. Perforation involved the entire digestive tract, with the colon among the most commonly affected perforation sites, and previously undetected esophageal perforation was frequently observed. Patients with uterine and liver cancer were at a higher risk of developing gastrointestinal perforation; patients with liver cancer experienced a shorter onset time, whereas patients with endometrial cancer had a slower onset time. Middle‐aged and elderly patients exhibited a higher propensity for developing gastrointestinal perforation than younger adults. Patients with gastrointestinal perforation were found to have a significantly higher mortality rate than patients without gastrointestinal perforation. This study has identified several gastrointestinal perforation events not included in the drug instructions. It has also described the perforation site and clinical characteristics based on various types of cancer. These results could provide valuable insights for developing safer and more effective regulatory strategies concerning the use of lenvatinib.
Albedo measurements and energy yield estimation uncertainty for bifacial photovoltaic systems
Authors: Merodio Pablo , Martínez‐Moreno Francisco , Moretón Rodrigo , Lorenzo Eduardo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe deployment of bifacial photovoltaic (PV) modules for utility‐scale PV plants has quickly proliferated in recent years. As they can harness the irradiance received at the rear side of bifacial generators—which depends on the albedo of the reflector ground—bifacial modules provide higher productivity than monofacial modules, in exchange for a low increase in manufacturing costs. However, the reduction of PV performance estimations uncertainty still represents a main concern for both PV and financial actors, which seek to reduce financial risks of bifacial PV systems. The aim of this work is to provide a better understanding of the impact that albedo measurements have on PV yield estimations uncertainty. We analysed the albedo sensitivity coefficient relating albedo measurement and subsequent energy yield estimations' uncertainties through a representative yield simulation exercise performed for three different sites (Chile, Spain and Sweden) and two types of PV plants: static and single‐axis tracker. A formula considering the impact of Ground Coverage Ratio and Inverter Loading Ratio is proposed for this coefficient. We performed an experimental campaign to evaluate the uncertainty associated to different albedo measurement conditions. Surface reflectance of five different ground surfaces has been measured using four sensors, which allowed to obtain three useful types of albedos that we defined and described. A series of recommendations for short‐term ground‐based albedo measurements that entail a maximum of 1.5% yield uncertainty contribution in the frame of commercial PV plants are then derived. A representative case of actual albedo measurement practices at the current PV market scene is also presented in the form of a commercial albedo measurement project for a future 50 MW bifacial PV plant. Despite being a local characteristic, the most relevant uncertainty source found is associated to the non‐homogeneity of the future PV plant's surface. An important consideration is that changes in the use of land caused by the construction of a PV plant lead to an albedo uncertainty that predominates over all the uncertainty sources associated to the albedo measurement conditions. This can also be the case for long‐term seasonal variations, which can become the dominant uncertainty source for high latitude locations.
Increasing the Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation Activity of CdS Nanorods by Introducing Interfacial and Polarization Electric Fields
Authors: Qi Zheng , Chen Jinbao , Li Qin , Wang Ning , Carabineiro Sónia A.C. , Lv Kangle 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCadmium sulfide (CdS) is a photocatalyst widely used for efficient H2 production under visible light irradiation, due to its narrow bandgap and suitable conduction band position. However, the fast recombination of carriers results in their low utilization. In order to improve photocatalytic hydrogen production, it reports the successful introduction of metallic Cd and S vacancies on CdS nanorods (CdS NRs) by a facile in situ chemical reduction method, using a thermal treatment process. This procedure generates interfacial and polarization electric fields, that significantly improve the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of CdS NRs in sodium sulfide and sodium sulfite aqueous solutions, under visible light irradiation (λ >420 nm). The introduction of these electric fields is believed to improve charge separation and facilitate faster interfacial charge migration, resulting in a significantly optimized catalyst, with a photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of up to 10.6 mmol−1 g−1 h−1 with apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 12.1% (420 nm), which is 8.5 times higher than that of CdS. This work provides a useful method to introduce metallic and S vacancies on metal sulfide photocatalysts to build local polarization and interfacial electric fields for high‐performance photocatalytic H2 production.
Prolonged Drought in a Northern California Coastal Region Suppresses Wildfire Impacts on Hydrology
Authors: Newcomer Michelle E. , Underwood Jennifer , Murphy Sheila F. , Ulrich Craig , Schram Todd , Maples Stephen R. , Peña Jasquelin , Siirila‐Woodburn Erica R. , Trotta Marcus , Jasperse Jay , Seymour Donald , Hubbard Susan S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWildfires naturally occur in many landscapes, however they are undergoing rapid regime shifts. Despite the emphasis in the literature on the most severe hydrological responses to wildfire, there remains a knowledge gap on the thresholds of wildfire (i.e., burned area/drainage area ratio, BAR) required to initiate hydrological responses. We investigated hydrological changes in the Russian River Watershed (RRW) in California, a coastal, Mediterranean, drought‐prone, wildfire‐adapted ecosystem, following ten wildfires that burned 30% of the watershed. Our findings suggest that sub‐watersheds of the RRW have not burned beyond an intrinsic, unknown, threshold required to initiate change. Using paired watersheds, we examined spatiotemporal patterns of pre‐and‐post wildfire hydrology with a rainfall‐runoff hydrological model. Even though these successive wildfires burned 1%–50% of each sub‐watershed (1%–30% at moderate/high severity), we found little evidence of wildfire‐related shifts in hydrology. As a function of BAR, wildfire imposed limited effects on runoff ratios (runoff/precipitation) and runoff residuals (observations—model simulations). Our findings that post‐wildfire runoff enhancements asymptote beyond 30% burn indicate that when a watershed is burned beyond a certain threshold, the magnitude of the hydrologic response no longer increases. Drought and storm conditions explained much of the variability observed in streamflow, whereas wildfire explained only moderate variability in streamflow even when wildfire accounted for >45% BAR. While the BAR in the RRW was sufficiently beyond previously reported minimum disturbance thresholds (>20% burned forest), the lack of hydrological response is attributed to buffering effects of wildfire adaptation and drought factors that are unique to Mediterranean ecoregions.
Neural representation of phonological wordform in bilateral posterior temporal cortex
Authors: Sorensen David O. , Avcu Enes , Lynch Skyla , Ahlfors Seppo P. , Gow David W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhile the neural bases of the earliest stages of speech categorization have been widely explored using neural decoding methods, there is still a lack of consensus on questions as basic as how wordforms are represented and in what way this word-level representation influences downstream processing in the brain. Isolating and localizing the neural representations of wordform is challenging because spoken words evoke activation of a variety of representations (e.g., segmental, semantic, articulatory) in addition to form-based representations. We addressed these challenges through a novel integrated neural decoding and effective connectivity design using region of interest (ROI)-based, source reconstructed magnetoencephalography/electroencephalography (MEG/EEG) data collected during a lexical decision task. To localize wordform representations, we trained classifiers on words and nonwords from different phonological neighborhoods and then tested the classifiers’ ability to discriminate between untrained target words that overlapped phonologically with the trained items. Training with either word or nonword neighbors supported decoding in many brain regions during an early analysis window (100-400 ms) reflecting primarily incremental phonological processing. Training with word neighbors, but not nonword neighbors, supported decoding in a bilateral set of temporal lobe ROIs, in a later time window (400-600 ms) reflecting activation related to word recognition. These ROIs included bilateral posterior temporal regions implicated in wordform representation. Effective connectivity analyses among regions within this subset indicated that word-evoked activity influenced the decoding accuracy more than nonword-evoked activity did. Taken together, these results evidence functional representation of wordforms in bilateral temporal lobes isolated from phonemic or semantic representations.
Using citizen science to protect threatened amphibian populations in urban spaces: ecology, life history, and conservation of green toads and fire salamanders in Jerusalem and Haifa
Authors: Darel Omer , Rybak Olga , Ben Levy Asaf , Kolodny Gabi , Kis- Papo Tamar , Lavie Alon Nirit , Vidan Rotem , Kolodny Oren 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe rapid urbanization processes occurring worldwide are amongst the main factors driving the current biodiversity crisis. In particular, a third of known amphibian species are directly threatened by urbanization. The negation of this threat will require conservation efforts aimed at sustaining viable amphibian populations within the urban landscape, which must be informed by a deep understanding of the way amphibian populations are affected by the unique risk factors of the urban environment.To address this need for four populations of amphibians in Israel, we performed a capture-recapture analysis on two datasets. The larger of the two datasets is the result of a multi-year citizen science program focused on twoSalamandra infraimmaculatapopulations within the city of Haifa, Israel. The second dataset is the result of one year of survey following a similar protocol that we performed on twoBufotes variabilispopulations within the city of Jerusalem and at a nature reserve near it. Individuals of both species have unique and recognizable dorsal spot patterns, which allowed for noninvasive recapture identification.The results of our analysis provide insights that can guide future conservation of the specific studied population, but our conclusions have wider implications, regarding both the ecology of the studied species and applied conservation science: using the salamander dataset, we developed a method of length-based age estimations for this species and found that the studied salamanders have a prolonged period of increased vulnerability throughout their first years of life, even after reaching sexual maturity.Additionally, the shared conclusions from the two case studies indicate that the creation of fish-containing artificial water bodies in Mediterranean habitats can have detrimental impacts on the resident amphibian populations.Synthesis and implications: The significance and extent of our results demonstrate the effectiveness of citizen science as a tool for research and conservation in the urban environment. Our findings call for the implementation of management practices that prioritize the protection of urban amphibians and their habitats. By identifying the vulnerability of amphibians during critical life stages and highlighting the negative impacts of fish-containing water bodies, our study contributes to the development of informed conservation policies with implications for urban planning, habitat management, and biodiversity conservation strategies.