bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to Care: Examining the Unique Obstacles of Indigenous American Patients With Acute Neurosurgical Injuries
Authors: Cole Kyril L. , Tenhoeve Samuel A. , Khan Majid , Findlay Matthew C. , Cortez Janet , Grandhi Ramesh , Menacho Sarah T. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Historically, Indigenous American (IA) populations have faced barriers to adequate health care. Although IA people experience higher rates of traumatic brain injury–related mortality than other racial groups in the United States, attributes of their neurosurgical care have not been evaluated. We demonstrate and compare care patterns and outcomes in IA and non-IA adults with acute neurosurgical injuries and identify disparities limiting access to medical care.

METHODS:
Adults hospitalized for acute neurosurgical injuries between 2017 and 2022 were identified in this retrospective cross-sectional study at our Level 1 trauma center. We evaluated demographics, distance to care, and in-hospital/aftercare characteristics in a propensity-matched analysis.

RESULTS:
A total of 81 IA patients were identified. Propensity score analysis matched 77 IA and 77 non-IA patients with similar inclusion criteria on demographics, medical comorbidities, and distance traveled to neurosurgical care. IA patients traveled longer distances for care (236.3 vs 146.4 miles, P < .001), were more often direct admissions (35.1% vs 0.0%), were more often transported via ambulance (72.7% vs 57.1%) and less often via helicopter (20.8% vs 41.6%), and came from a broader cross-section of states. Average time from injury to care was 6 hours (IQR 3.0, 9.4). In-hospital care did not differ between groups; however, IA patients were less often discharged to rehabilitation (2.6% vs 14.3%, P = .009). IA in-hospital traumatic brain injury–related mortality was 8.3%. Fewer follow-up visits were completed in IA than in non-IA patients (40.2% vs 90.0%, P < .001), despite more attempted contacts (66.7% vs 30.6%, P < .001), with low telemedicine use in both groups (2.7% vs 5.5%). IA status and distance traveled were independent predictors of unmet follow-up visits (odds ratio 6.22 [95% CI 1.49-25.99, P = .012] and odds ratio 12.34 [95% CI 1.19-127.99, P = .035], respectively).

CONCLUSION:
Clear barriers to care were demonstrated for IA patients with acute neurosurgical injuries. Our findings indicate improvements are needed for this vulnerable population.
Profiling Exosomal Metabolomics as a Means for Diagnosis and Researching Early-Stage Hypertensive Nephropathy
Authors: Chen Wei , Jia Meng , Yin Rui , Zhang Chengwei , He Jinchen , Yang Hong , Wu Qi 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Background Hypertension (HT) is a prevalent medical condition showing an increasing incidence rate in various populations over recent years. Long-term hypertension increases the risk of the occurrence of hypertensive nephropathy (HTN), which is also a health-threatening disorder. Given that very little is known about the pathogenesis of HTN, this study was designed to identify disease biomarkers, which enable early diagnosis of the disease, through the utilization of high-throughput untargeted metabolomics strategies. Methods The participants of this study were patients admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital, who were randomly divided into three groups: Normal group (n = 11), HT group (n = 10), and HTN group (n = 12). Urine exosomes were extracted, purified, and subjected to untargeted metabolomics analysis. Differential metabolites and their significantly enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were identified. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was then employed to establish a diagnostic model for early-stage HTN. Finally, logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to identify biomarkers related to early HTN. Results Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed significant differences in the metabolic profiles of the three patient groups. Compared to subjects of the Normal group, the HT and HTN groups exhibited significantly upregulated and downregulated profiles of differential metabolites, respectively. LASSO regression analysis results indicated that 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, bilirubin, uracil, and iminodiacetic acid are potential biomarkers for HTN or HT. Conclusion With untargeted metabolomics analysis, we successfully identified differential metabolites in HTN. A further LASSO regression analysis revealed that four key metabolites, namely 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, bilirubin, uracil, and iminodiacetic acid, hold promise for the diagnosis of early-stage HTN.
Panoramic laser communication optical systems for low Earth orbit satellite networking
Authors: Li Zexiang , An Yan , Hu Lichao , Wang Xiaohua , Li Xinhang , Song Yansong , Dong Keyan 
Published: January 2025

Laser communication, which is known for its high data rate and large capacity, is a promising solution for future large-scale satellite constellation networking. However, the limited field of view (FOV) of current communication terminals makes establishing inter-satellite links challenging. This paper presents a wide-field optical system for laser communication that addresses the challenge of the limited field of view (FOV) in current satellite terminals. The system links the FOV to the outgoing light rays using vector reflection laws and ray tracing. The aperture extension method gradually enlarges the system’s transmit and receive apertures to meet the inter-satellite communication needs. The optical head was designed by fitting a freeform surface contour based on the data points and XY polynomial coefficients. After optimization, the system achieved an FOV range of ±30∘ to ±70∘ and supported laser communication over 1200 km, with divergence angles meeting the space communication requirements. Comparative analysis shows that freeform surfaces outperform non-spherical designs, offering reduced distortion and an improved modulation transfer function (MTF), and freeform surfaces reduce the beam spread of the system by about 50% and extend the communication range by about 450 km. These results demonstrate the potential of freeform optics for scalable and high-performance satellite communications, providing a theoretical foundation for future satellite networks.
Inverse design of an ultra-compact polarization beam splitter
Authors: Cong Yang , Lv Huanlin , Liang Yanfeng , Wang Haoyu , Liu Shuo , Liu Fangxu , Li Xuanchen , Guo Qingxiao 
Published: January 2025

An ultra-compact polarization beam splitter (PBS) is designed on the silicon nitride (Si3N4) platform based on an inverse design with a footprint of only 2.4×4.8µm2. The simulated PBS device is designed using a nonlinear direct binary search (DBS) algorithm, enabling one-step lithography fabrication. We analyzed the initial structure, the design region footprint, the fabrication tolerance, and the optical field distribution. The simulation results exhibit that the insertion loss of the designed device is less than 0.89 dB (1.21 dB) for TE (TM) polarization within a bandwidth wavelength of 50 nm (1525–1575 nm). The average extinction ratios for TE and TM polarizations are 13.24 dB and 14.15 dB, respectively. Additionally, the device exhibits high fabrication tolerance, which is up to ±50nm in etch depth and ±8nm in etch diameter.
Efficacy of virtual reality balance training on rehabilitation outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Du Chao , Gu Nei-Meng , Guo Tian-Ci , Liu Ai-Feng 
Published: January 2025

Objective
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to clarify the rehabilitation efficacy of virtual reality (VR) balance training after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Methods
This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42024520383. The electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang Digital Periodical database were systematically searched to identify eligible studies from their inception up to January 2024. The investigated outcomes included International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, visual analogue scale (VAS), Holden grading, Extensor peak torque (EPT), Flexor peak torque (FPT), knee reaction time, knee reproduction angle difference. The pooled mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random-effects model.

Results
Six RCTs with a total of 464 patients after unilateral ACLR were included for 8–12 weeks of VR balance training intervention. Analysis of the results showed that compared with the conventional rehabilitation control group, the VR balance training group significantly improved the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score (MD = 3.88, 95%CI: 0.95~6.81), Holden grading (MD = 0.42, 95%CI: 0.33~0.51), Extensor peak torque (EPT) (MD = 12.03, 95%CI: 3.28~20.78)and Flexor peak torque (FPT) (MD = 14.57, 95%CI: 9.52~19.63) in postoperative ACLR patients, and significantly reduced knee reaction time (MD = -0.30, 95%CI: -0.35~-0.25), knee angle reproduction difference at 30° (MD = -0.88, 95%CI: -1.16~-0.61), knee angle reproduction difference at 60° (MD = -0.80, 95%CI: -1.09~-0.50), and VAS score (MD = -0.52, 95%CI: -0.65~-0.39).

Conclusion
Since many of the included results are based on low—or very—low—quality evidence, although the results show a certain trend, the conclusion has great uncertainty. In the rehabilitation training following ACLR and lower—limb balance training, the application of VR might be advantageous for the recovery of patients’ knee joint function, lower—limb muscle strength, proprioception, and pain management. The level of immersion may influence the rehabilitation outcome. Because of the limitations in data quality and heterogeneity as well as the small sample size, the strength of the conclusions is weakened. These findings should be verified in further large-scale prospective studies.
Effect of the PakCat program on nutrition status, dietary pattern and nutrition knowledge and skills of Pakistani women living in Catalonia evaluated by a mixed-method randomized control trial (RCT)
Authors: Mohamed-Bibi Saba , Ribot-Serra Blanca , Vaqué-Crusellas Cristina 
Published: January 2025

Background
Pakistani women are among the most affected groups by obesity and heart failure in Catalonia. Due to cultural and linguistic barriers, their participation in standard health promotion programs is limited. To address this issue, we implemented a culturally and linguistically appropriate food education program called the PakCat Program.

Methods
The study employed a community-based participatory research (CBPR) design, utilizing a two-arm, cluster-assignment, non-blinded mixed-method randomized control trial (RCT) implemented in Badalona and Santa Coloma de Gramenet, two neighboring municipalities with a substantial Pakistani population. Participants were randomly assigned to the control group (n = 67) and the intervention group (n = 70). The intervention group received ten weekly culturally and linguistically appropriate food education sessions over ten weeks, while the control group attended three general sessions. The main outcome measures included nutritional status, nutrition knowledge and skills, dietary patterns, and satisfaction with the intervention, which were assessed pre-and post-intervention combining quantitative methods based on a survey and qualitative approaches consisting of conducting focus group discussions (FGDs).

Results
The quantitative analysis conducted through a two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures indicated a significant improvement in the study variables across the entire sample (p < 0.001 within group), with the intervention group experiencing greater improvements in nutrition knowledge and skills and dietary pattern (p <0.001 for interaction and between groups). These findings were corroborated by thematically analyzed qualitative data confirming a more pronounced improvement in the study outcomes of the intervention group. Furthermore, both groups reported a high level of satisfaction with the intervention.

Conclusions
The PakCat Program effectively improved the nutrition knowledge, skills, and dietary patterns of immigrant women of Pakistani origin residing in Catalonia. However, future research involving a larger sample size and combining the behavioral and clinical parameters is needed to enhance the generalizability of the results.
Patients’ attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI) in cancer care: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Hilbers Daniel , Nekain Navid , Bates Alan T. , Nunez John-Jose 
Published: January 2025

Background
Artificial intelligence broadly refers to computer systems that simulate intelligent behaviour with minimal human intervention. Emphasizing patient-centered care, research has explored patients’ perspectives on artificial intelligence in medical care, indicating general acceptance of the technology but also concerns about supervision. However, these views have not been systematically examined from the perspective of patients with cancer, whose opinions may differ given the distinct psychosocial toll of the disease.

Objectives
This protocol describes a scoping review aimed at summarizing the existing literature on the attitudes of patients with cancer toward the use of artificial intelligence in their medical care. The primary goal is to identify knowledge gaps and highlight opportunities for future research.

Methods
This scoping review protocol will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA-ScR). The electronic databases MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL will be searched for peer-reviewed primary research articles published in academic journals. We will have two independent reviewers screen the articles retrieved from the literature search and select relevant studies based on our inclusion criteria, with a third reviewer resolving any disagreements. We will then compile the data from the included articles into a narrative summary and discuss the implications for clinical practice and future research.

Discussion
To our knowledge, this will be the first scoping review to map the existing literature on the attitudes of patients with cancer regarding artificial intelligence in their medical care.
Datenmanagement 4.0: Künstliche Intelligenz als Treiber für innovative Forschungsinformationssysteme
Authors: Azeroual Otmane , Störl Uta , Rothfritz Laura , Schöpfel Joachim , Herb Ulrich , Borges Georg 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
In der Ära rasanter technologischer Fortschritte erweisen sich traditionelle Methoden des Forschungsinformationsmanagements als unzureichend. Präsentiert wird eine Projektskizze, die das Konzept „Data Management 4.0“ einführt. Dieses Konzept nutzt Künstliche Intelligenz (KI), um Forschungsinformationssysteme signifikant zu verbessern. Durch die Integration KI-gestützter Lösungen könnten Institutionen eine erhöhte Effizienz, Genauigkeit und optimale Ressourcenzuteilung bei der Handhabung großer und vielfältiger Forschungsinformationen erreichen. Der Ansatz berücksichtigt zentrale Herausforderungen wie Datenintegration, -bereinigung, -analyse und -sicherheit. Zusätzlich werden fünf praxisnahe Szenarien präsentiert, die konkrete Anwendungen von KI in Forschungsinformationssystemen illustrieren und zeigen, wie spezifische Probleme im Forschungsinformationsmanagement gelöst werden könnten. Das vorgeschlagene Projekt zielt darauf ab, Forschungsinformationssysteme durch maßgeschneiderte KI-Lösungen zu optimieren und umfasst eine umfassende Strategie, die Bedarfsanalyse, Implementierung und kontinuierliche Verbesserung berücksichtigt. Mit seiner Veröffentlichung wird das Konzept einer breiten Diskussion zugänglich gemacht. Diese Arbeit möchte die Praxis des Forschungsinformationsmanagements transformieren und einen intelligenteren sowie effizienteren Ansatz zur Handhabung von Forschungsinformationen fördern.
Wie speichert man Wissen? Von Büchern zu Wissensgraphen und Sprachmodellen
Authors: Krestel Ralf 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
Heutige Computeranwendungen sind in der Lage, große Mengen an Wissen zu speichern. Neben großen Sprachmodellen (LLMs), wie ChatGPT, finden auch Wissensgraphen, welche Fakten in Form von Tripeln speichern, Anwendung in modernen Informations- und Wissenssystemen. Diese Zusammenfassung eines Vortrags liefert eine Einführung in diese Technologien und zeigt anhand von Beispielen, wie diese funktionieren und was ihre Stärken und Schwächen sind.
Flavian feathers: expressing dynasty and divinity through peacocks
Authors: Betjes Sven , Foubert Lien 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In 82/3 CE the peacock was introduced on Roman imperial coins. It appeared on the reverse of precious-metal coins struck for Domitia Longina, and reappeared in 88/9 for the same empress and for Julia Titi. This article contextualizes these coins in both the iconographic tradition and the contemporary politics of Domitian’s Rome. It shows that the appearance of the peacock served a twofold purpose: on the one hand, it was part of a programmatic depiction of the imperial couple as Jupiter and Juno; on the other hand, it belonged to a new way of visualizing the divine triad worshipped in the Capitolium as restored by Domitian. The article illustrates how the peacock was embedded in a concerted program that simultaneously highlighted the Flavian dynasty, the apotheosis of its deceased members (both men and women), the divine association of those alive, and the dynasty’s care for the cityscape. In doing so, the coins stood at the beginning of an imperial tradition in which all of these elements became part of imperial (self-)display.
A Kinetic Enhanced Tuck Jump Assessment Exposes Residual Biomechanical Deficits in Female Athletes 9 Months Post Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Kember Lucy S. , Riehm Christopher D. , Schille Andrew , Slaton Jake A. , Myer Gregory D. , Lloyd Rhodri S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Kember, LS, Riehm, CD, Schille, A, Slaton, JA, Myer, GD, and Lloyd, RS. Residual biomechanical deficits identified with the tuck jump assessment in female athletes 9 months after ACLR surgery. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2024—Addressing biomechanical deficits in female athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is crucial for safe return-to-play. The tuck jump assessment (TJA) is used to identify risks associated with ACL injury, yet its fundamental analyses lack the ability to explore landing forces. Kinetic asymmetries during the TJA were assessed in athletes with ACLR (n = 38) and matched healthy controls (n = 21) using discrete time-point analysis and statistical parametric mapping (p < 0.05). The ACLR group performed fewer jumping cycles with distinct kinetic differences, including longer ground contact time (g = 1.45), larger peak center of mass displacement (g = 1.29), and lower peak vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) (g = −2.05) and relative leg stiffness (g = −1.51). Greater interlimb kinetic asymmetries were evident in the ACLR group for VGRF (g = 0.84), relative leg stiffness (g = 0.85), average loading rate (g = 0.84), peak braking force (g = 0.85), and time of braking (g = 0.80) and propulsive peaks (g = 1.04). Moderate differences in VGRF favored the uninvolved limb of the ACLR group for the majority (2–100%) of the stance phase of TJA (d = −0.52). Distinct jump-landing strategies between ACLR athletes and healthy controls were revealed during the TJA, which may indicate compromised stretch-shortening cycle function. Findings highlight the need for targeted rehabilitation to foster greater kinetic symmetry in jump-landing performance and underscore the importance of longitudinal and progressive monitoring for optimized return-to-play outcomes in athletes after ACLR.
Endogenous Opioid Peptides After Floatation Therapy in Resistance-Trained Men
Authors: Kraemer William J. , Caldwell Lydia K. , Post Emily M. , Volek Jeff S. , Hagen Josh M. , Newton Robert U. , Häkkinen Keijo , Omonije Oluseun , Maresh Carl M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Kraemer, WJ, Caldwell, LK, Post, EM, Volek, JS, Hagen, JM, Newton, RU, Häkkinen, K, Omonije, O, and Maresh, CM. Endogenous opioid peptides after floatation therapy in resistance trained men. J Strength Cond Res 38(10): 1808–1812, 2024—Floatation-restricted environmental stimulation therapy (Float-REST) has shown improvements in muscle soreness and fatigue. To determine whether float influences the release of beta-endorphin (β-End) and proenkephalin (ProEnk) after acute heavy resistance exercise, 11 healthy resistance-trained men (age: 22.5 ± 2.3 years; height: 176.4 ± 6.0 cm; body mass: 85.7 ± 6.2 kg, back squat one-repetition maximum: 153.1 ± 20.1 kg; strength-to-mass ratio: 1.8 ± 0.2) completed a within-subject, cross-over controlled study design. Subjects completed 2 exercise testing blocks separated by a 2-week washout. In one block, a 1-hour float session followed the high-intensity resistance exercise protocol (6 × 10 back squats at 80% 1RM, 2 minutes rest). By contrast, recovery in the alternate block consisted of a passive sensory-stimulating control. Blood samples were collected at 5 time points—before exercise, immediately after exercise, after1-hour recovery treatment, 24 hours after exercise, and 48 hours after exercise. Samples were analyzed in duplicate for β-End and ProEnk using ELISA immunoassays. Mean differences were assessed using repeated-measures ANOVA. Plasma β-End demonstrated the expected significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase following resistance exercise in both treatment conditions. There were no significant changes with exercise stress for ProEnk precursor peptide. The absence of significant differential changes following Float-REST suggests that these opioid peptides may not underlie the deep relaxation experiences commonly reported with this intervention in trained men. However, practically, it shows that β-End remains consistently similarly increased to high-intensity exercise stress. However, the ProEnk concentrations are detectable and stable but do not respond to the workout protocol, which, as a primary opioid peptide precursor, suggests paracrine cybernetics in the circulation may exist.