bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subsurface Porewater Flow Accelerates Talik Development Under the Alaska Highway, Yukon: A Prelude to Road Collapse and Final Permafrost Thaw?
Authors: Chen Lin , Fortier Daniel , McKenzie Jeffrey M. , Voss Clifford I. , Lamontagne‐Hallé Pierrick 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe presence of taliks (perennially unfrozen zones in permafrost areas) adversely affects the thermal stability of infrastructure in cold regions, including roads. The role of heat advection on talik development and feedback on permafrost degradation has not been quantified methodically in this context. We incorporate a surface energy balance model into a coupled groundwater flow and energy transport numerical model (SUTRA‐ice). The model, calibrated with long‐term observations (1997–2018 on the Alaska Highway), is used to investigate and quantify the role of heat advection on talik initiation and development under a road embankment. Over the 25‐year simulation period, the new model is driven by reconstructed meteorological data and has a good agreement with near surface soil temperatures. The model successfully reproduces the increasing depth to the permafrost table (mean absolute error <0.2 m), and talik development. The results demonstrate that heat advection provides an additional energy source that expedites the rate of permafrost thaw and roughly doubles the rate of permafrost table deepening, compared to purely conductive thawing. Talik initially formed and grew over time under the combined effect of water flow, snow insulation, road construction and climate warming. Talik formation creates a new thermal state under the road embankment, resulting in acceleration of underlying permafrost degradation, due to the positive feedback of heat accumulation created by trapped unfrozen water. In a changing climate, mobile water flow will play a more important role in permafrost thaw and talik development under road embankments, and is likely to significantly increase maintenance costs and reduce the long‐term stability of the infrastructure.
Sources, Composition, and Export of Particulate Organic Matter Across British Estuaries
Authors: García‐Martín E. Elena , Sanders Richard , Evans Chris D. , Kitidis Vassilis , Lapworth Dan J. , Spears Bryan M. , Tye Andy , Williamson Jennifer L. , Balfour Chris , Best Mike , Bowes Michael , Breimann Sarah , Brown Ian J. , Burden Annette , Callaghan Nathan , Dise Nancy B. , Farr Gareth , Felgate Stacey L. , Fishwick James , Fraser Mike , Gibb Stuart , Gilbert Pete J. , Godsell Nina , Gomez‐Castillo Africa P. , Hargreaves Geoff , Harris Carolyn , Jones Oban , Kennedy Paul , Lichtschlag Anna , Martin Adrian P. , May Rebecca , Mawji Edward , Mounteney Ian , Nightingale Philip D. , Olszewska Justyna P. , Painter Stuart C. , Pearce Christopher R. , Pereira M. Glória , Peel Kate , Pickard Amy , Stephens John A. , Stinchcombe Mark , Thornton Barry , Woodward E. Malcolm S. , Yarrow Deborah , Mayor Daniel J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEstuaries receive and process a large amount of particulate organic carbon (POC) prior to its export into coastal waters. Studying the origin of this POC is key to understanding the fate of POC and the role of estuaries in the global carbon cycle. Here, we evaluated the concentrations of POC, as well as particulate organic nitrogen (PON), and used stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to assess their sources across 13 contrasting British estuaries during five different sampling campaigns over 1 year. We found a high variability in POC and PON concentrations across the salinity gradient, reflecting inputs, and losses of organic material within the estuaries. Catchment land cover appeared to influence the contribution of POC to the total organic carbon flux from the estuary to coastal waters, with POC contributions >36% in estuaries draining catchments with a high percentage of urban/suburban land, and <11% in estuaries draining catchments with a high peatland cover. There was no seasonal pattern in the isotopic composition of POC and PON, suggesting similar sources for each estuary over time. Carbon isotopic ratios were depleted (−26.7 ± 0.42‰, average ± sd) at the lowest salinity waters, indicating mainly terrigenous POC (TPOC). Applying a two‐source mixing model, we observed high variability in the contribution of TPOC at the highest salinity waters between estuaries, with a median value of 57%. Our results indicate a large transport of terrigenous organic carbon into coastal waters, where it may be buried, remineralized, or transported offshore.
Cortical amyloid-beta burden is associated with changes in intracortical myelin in cognitively normal older adults
Authors: Fernandez-Alvarez Marina , Atienza Mercedes , Cantero Jose L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAmyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregates and myelin breakdown are among the earliest detrimental effects of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), likely inducing abnormal patterns of neuronal communication within cortical networks. However, human in vivo evidence linking Aβ burden, intracortical myelin, and cortical synchronization is lacking in cognitively normal older individuals. Here, we addressed this question combining 18F-Florbetaben-PET imaging, cortical T1-weigthed/T2-weighted (T1w/T2w) ratio maps, and resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Results showed that global Aβ burden was both positively and negatively associated with the T1w/T2w ratio in different cortical territories. Affected cortical regions were further associated with abnormal patterns of rs-FC and with subclinical cognitive deficits. Finally, causal mediation analysis revealed that the negative impact of T1w/T2w ratio in left posterior cingulate cortex on processing speed was driven by Aβ burden. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the relationship between initial Aβ plaques and intracortical myelin before the onset of cognitive decline, which may contribute to monitor the efficacy of novel disease-modifying strategies in normal elderly individuals at risk for cognitive impairment.
SCAP contributes to embryonic angiogenesis by negatively regulating KISS-1 expression in mice
Authors: Zheng Guo , Su Yu , Wei Li , Yao Yingcheng , Wang Yizhe , Luo Xiaoting , Wang Xing , Ruan Xiong Z. , Li Danyang , Chen Yaxi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) is indispensable in organ development because it maintains intracellular cholesterol homeostasis. The vessel is not widely conceived of as a cholesterol-sensitive tissue, so the specific role of SCAP in angiogenesis has not been paid attention to. As an important component of the vascular mesoderm, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are widely involved in each step of angiogenesis. Here, we report for the first time that VSMC-specific ablation of SCAP inhibits VSMC proliferation and migration, interacting with endothelial cells (ECs), and finally causes defective embryonic angiogenesis in mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that SCAP ablation in VSMCs leads to the upregulation of KISS-1 protein, consequently resulting in suppressed activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and vascular endothelial-derived growth factor (VEGF) expression to prevent angiogenesis. Importantly, we found that SCAP promotes the cleavage and nuclear translocation of SREBP2, which acts as a negative transcription regulator, regulating KISS-1 expression. Our findings suggest that SCAP contributes to embryonic angiogenesis by negatively regulating KISS-1 expression in mice and provide a new point of view for therapeutic targets of vascular development.
Cryptochrome 2 acetylation attenuates its antiproliferative effect in breast cancer
Authors: Xia Kangkai , Li Shujing , Yang Yuxi , Shi Xiaoxia , Zhao Binggong , Lv Linlin , Xin Zhiqiang , Kang Jie , Ren Ping , Wu Huijian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBreast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer, and its global impact is increasing. Its onset and progression are influenced by multiple cues, one of which is the disruption of the internal circadian clock. Cryptochrome 2 (Cry2) genetic dysregulation may lead to the development of some diseases and even tumors. In addition, post-translational modifications can alter the Cry2 function. Here, we aimed to elucidate the post-translational regulations of Cry2 and its role in breast cancer pathogenesis. We identified p300-drived acetylation as a novel Cry2 post-translational modification, which histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) could reverse. Furthermore, we found that Cry2 inhibits breast cancer proliferation, but its acetylation impairs this effect. Finally, bioinformatics analysis revealed that genes repressed by Cry2 in breast cancer were mainly enriched in the NF-κB pathway, and acetylation reversed this repression. Collectively, these results indicate a novel Cry2 regulation mechanism and provide a rationale for its role in breast tumorigenesis.
Aberrant Cyclin D1 splicing in cancer: from molecular mechanism to therapeutic modulation
Authors: Wang Jing , Su Wei , Zhang Taotao , Zhang Shasha , Lei Huiwen , Ma Fengdie , Shi Maoning , Shi Wenjing , Xie Xiaodong , Di Cuixia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCyclin D1 (CCND1), a crucial mediator of cell cycle progression, possesses many mutation types with different mutation frequencies in human cancers. The G870A mutation is the most common mutation inCCND1, which produces two isoforms: full-length CCND1a and divergent C-terminal CCND1b. The dysregulation of the CCND1 isoforms is associated with multiple human cancers. Exploring the molecular mechanism of CCND1 isoforms has offer new insight for cancer treatment. On this basis, the alterations ofCCND1gene are described, including amplification, overexpression, and mutation, especially the G870A mutation. Subsequently, we review the characteristics of CCND1 isoforms caused by G870A mutation. Additionally, we summarize cis-regulatory elements, trans-acting factors, and the splice mutation involved in splicing regulation of CCND1. Furthermore, we highlight the function of CCND1 isoforms in cell cycle, invasion, and metastasis in cancers. Importantly, the clinical role of CCND1 isoforms is also discussed, particularly concerning prognosis, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Last, emphasis is given to the corrective strategies that modulate the cancerous CCND1 isoforms. Thus, it is highlighting significance of aberrant isoforms of CCND1 as targets for cancer therapy.
A C–H activation-based enantioselective synthesis of lower carbo[n]helicenes
Authors: Guo Shu-Min , Huh Soohee , Coehlo Max , Shen Li , Pieters Grégory , Baudoin Olivier 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe three-dimensional structure of carbohelicenes has fascinated generations of molecular chemists and has been exploited in a wide range of applications. Their strong circularly polarized luminescence has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to promising applications in new optical materials. Although the enantioselective synthesis of fused carbo- and heterohelicenes has been achieved, a direct catalytic enantioselective method allowing the synthesis of lower, non-fused carbo[n]helicenes (n = 4–6) is still lacking. We report here that Pd-catalysed enantioselective C–H arylation in the presence of a unique bifunctional phosphine-carboxylate ligand provides a simple and general access to these lower carbo[n]helicenes. Computational mechanistic studies indicate that both the C–H activation and reductive elimination steps contribute to the overall enantioselectivity. The observed enantio-induction seems to arise from a combination of non-covalent interactions and steric repulsion between the substrate and ligand during the two key reductive elimination steps. The photophysical and chiroptical properties of the synthesized scalemic [n]helicenes have been systematically studied.
Super-pangenome analyses highlight genomic diversity and structural variation across wild and cultivated tomato species
Authors: Li Ning , He Qiang , Wang Juan , Wang Baike , Zhao Jiantao , Huang Shaoyong , Yang Tao , Tang Yaping , Yang Shengbao , Aisimutuola Patiguli , Xu Ruiqiang , Hu Jiahui , Jia Chunping , Ma Kai , Li Zhiqiang , Jiang Fangling , Gao Jie , Lan Haiyan , Zhou Yongfeng , Zhang Xinyan , Huang Sanwen , Fei Zhangjun , Wang Huan , Li Hongbo , Yu Qinghui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEffective utilization of wild relatives is key to overcoming challenges in genetic improvement of cultivated tomato, which has a narrow genetic basis; however, current efforts to decipher high-quality genomes for tomato wild species are insufficient. Here, we report chromosome-scale tomato genomes from nine wild species and two cultivated accessions, representative ofSolanumsectionLycopersicon, the tomato clade. Together with two previously released genomes, we elucidate the phylogeny ofLycopersiconand construct a section-wide gene repertoire. We reveal the landscape of structural variants and provide entry to the genomic diversity among tomato wild relatives, enabling the discovery of a wild tomato gene with the potential to increase yields of modern cultivated tomatoes. Construction of a graph-based genome enables structural-variant-based genome-wide association studies, identifying numerous signals associated with tomato flavor-related traits and fruit metabolites. The tomato super-pangenome resources will expedite biological studies and breeding of this globally important crop.
Prefrontal engrams of long-term fear memory perpetuate pain perception
Authors: Stegemann Alina , Liu Sheng , Retana Romero Oscar Andrés , Oswald Manfred Josef , Han Yechao , Beretta Carlo Antonio , Gan Zheng , Tan Linette Liqi , Wisden William , Gräff Johannes , Kuner Rohini 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA painful episode can lead to a life-long increase in an individual’s experience of pain. Fearful anticipation of imminent pain could play a role in this phenomenon, but the neurobiological underpinnings are unclear because fear can both suppress and enhance pain. Here, we show in mice that long-term associative fear memory stored in neuronal engrams in the prefrontal cortex determines whether a painful episode shapes pain experience later in life. Furthermore, under conditions of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, prefrontal fear engrams expand to encompass neurons representing nociception and tactile sensation, leading to pronounced changes in prefrontal connectivity to fear-relevant brain areas. Conversely, silencing prefrontal fear engrams reverses chronically established hyperalgesia and allodynia. These results reveal that a discrete subset of prefrontal cortex neurons can account for the debilitating comorbidity of fear and chronic pain and show that attenuating the fear memory of pain can alleviate chronic pain itself.
River dataset as a potential fluvial transportation network for healthcare access in the Amazon region
Authors: Rocha Thiago Augusto Hernandes , Silva Lincoln Luís , Wen Fan Hui , Sachett Jacqueline , Tupetz Anna , Staton Catherine Ann , Monteiro Wuelton Marcelo , Vissoci Joao Ricardo Nickenig , Gerardo Charles John 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRemote areas, such as the Amazon Forest, face unique geographical challenges of transportation-based access to health services. As transportation to healthcare in most of the Amazon Forest is only possible by rivers routes, any travel time and travel distance estimation is limited by the lack of data sources containing rivers as potential transportation routes. Therefore, we developed an approach to convert the geographical representation of roads and rivers in the Amazon into a combined, interoperable, and reusable dataset. To build the dataset, we processed and combined data from three data sources: OpenStreetMap, HydroSHEDS, and GloRiC. The resulting dataset can consider distance metrics using the combination of streets and rivers as a transportation route network for the Amazon Forest. The created dataset followed the guidelines and attributes defined by OpenStreetMap to leverage its reusability and interoperability possibilities. This new data source can be used by policymakers, health authorities, and researchers to perform time-to-care analysis in the International Amazon region.
Immunomodulatory therapy with glatiramer acetate reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Makar Tapas K. , Guda Poornachander R. , Ray Sugata , Andhavarapu Sanketh , Keledjian Kaspar , Gerzanich Volodymyr , Simard J. Marc , Nimmagadda Vamshi K. C. , Bever Christopher T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are found in lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS) and animal models of MS such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and may contribute to the neuronal loss that underlies permanent impairment. We investigated whether glatiramer acetate (GA) can reduce these changes in the spinal cords of chronic EAE mice by using routine histology, immunostaining, and electron microscopy. EAE spinal cord tissue exhibited increased inflammation, demyelination, mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, downregulation of NAD+ dependent pathways, and increased neuronal death. GA reversed these pathological changes, suggesting that immunomodulating therapy can indirectly induce neuroprotective effects in the CNS by mediating ER stress.
Direct evidence of the use of multiple drugs in Bronze Age Menorca (Western Mediterranean) from human hair analysis
Authors: Guerra-Doce E. , Rihuete-Herrada C. , Micó R. , Risch R. , Lull V. , Niemeyer H. M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHuman hair dated to Late Prehistory is exceedingly rare in the Western Mediterranean. Archaeological excavations in the Bronze Age burial and cult cave of Es Càrritx, in Menorca (Balearic Islands) provided some human hair strands involved in a singular funerary rite. This finding offered the opportunity to explore the possible use of drug plants by Late Bronze Age people. Here we show the results of the chemical analyses of a sample of such hair using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). The alkaloids ephedrine, atropine and scopolamine were detected, and their concentrations estimated. These results confirm the use of different alkaloid-bearing plants by local communities of this Western Mediterranean island by the beginning of the first millennium cal BCE.
Responses of biomass accumulation and nutrient utilization along a phosphorus supply gradient in Leymus chinensis
Authors: Li Huijun , Hu Yutong , Liu Gongshe , Sheng Jiandong , Zhang Wentai , Zhao Hongmei , Kang Hongliang , Zhou Xiaoguo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhosphorus (P) deficiencies are widespread in calcareous soils. The poor availability of nitrogen (N) and P in soils often restricts crop growth. However, the effects of P addition on plant growth and plant nutrient transport changes during the establishment of Leymus chinensis fields in Xinjiang are not clear. We investigated the responses of Leymus chinensis biomass and nutrient absorption and utilization to changes in soil N and P by adding P (0, 15.3, 30.6, and 45.9 kg P ha−1 year−1) with basally applied N fertilizer (150 kg N ha−1 year−1). The results showed that (a) Principal component analysis (PCA) of biomass, nutrient accumulation, soil available P, and soil available N during the different periods of Leymus chinensis growth showed that their cumulative contributions during the jointing and harvest periods reached 95.4% and 88%, respectively. (b) Phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) increased with the increase of P fertilizer gradient and then decreased and the maximum PUE was 13.14% under moderate P addition. The accumulation of biomass and nutrients in Leymus chinensis can be effectively improved by the addition of P fertilizer at 30.6 kg ha−1. Different P additions either moderately promoted or excessively inhibited Leymus chinensis growth and nutrient utilization.
Dopamine is involved in reparative dentin formation through odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Fujino Shoko , Hamano Sayuri , Tomokiyo Atsushi , Sugiura Risa , Yamashita Daiki , Hasegawa Daigaku , Sugii Hideki , Fujii Shinsuke , Itoyama Tomohiro , Miyaji Hirofumi , Maeda Hidefumi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractConventional direct pulp-capping materials induce pulp cells to secrete various biomolecules in pulp tissues that promote reparative dentin formation through induction of odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). However, these biomolecules sometimes induce bone-like dentin with poor sealing properties. Therefore, exploration of biomolecules that allow tight sealing by tubular reparative dentin is required. We recently reported that dopamine (DA) is involved in dentinogenesis. Hence, we investigated the effect of DA on odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs and reparative dentin formation. Both tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a DA synthetase, and DA were expressed in odontoblast-like cells in vivo. In vitro, their expression was increased during odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs. Furthermore, TH-overexpressing DPSCs had promoted odontoblastic differentiation and DA production. Moreover, DA stimulation promoted their differentiation and induced tubular reparative dentin. These results suggest that DA produced by TH is involved in odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs and has an inductive capacity for reparative dentin formation similar to primary dentin. This study may lead to the development of therapy to preserve vital pulp tissues.
Floral scent of the Mediterranean fig tree: significant inter-varietal difference but strong conservation of the signal responsible for pollinator attraction
Authors: Cao Li , Hmimsa Younes , El fatehi Salama , Buatois Bruno , Dubois Marie-Pierre , Le Moigne Maïlys , Hossaert-McKey Martine , Aumeeruddy-Thomas Yildiz , Bagnères Anne-Geneviève , Proffit Magali 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor thousands of years, humans have domesticated different plants by selecting for particular characters, often affecting less-known traits, including the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by these plants for defense or reproduction. The fig treeFicus caricahas a very wide range of varieties in the Mediterranean region and is selected for its traits affecting fruits, including pollination, but the effect of human-driven diversification on the VOCs emitted by the receptive figs to attract their pollinator (Blastophaga psenes) is not known. In the present study, VOCs from receptive figs of eight varieties in northern Morocco, were collected at different times within the manual pollination period and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Genetic analyses using microsatellite loci were performed on the same varieties. Despite strong inter-varietal differences in the quantity and relative proportions of all VOCs, the relative proportions of the four pollinator-attractive VOCs showed limited variation among varieties. There was no significant correlation between genetic markers and chemical profiles of the different varieties. While diversification driven by humans has led to differences between varieties in VOC profiles, this paper suggests that throughout the process of domestication and varietal diversification, stabilizing selection has maintained a strong signal favoring pollinator attraction.