bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of an active breaks intervention on physical and cognitive performance: results from the I-MOVE study
Authors: Masini Alice , Marini Sofia , Ceciliani Andrea , Barone Giuseppe , Lanari Marcello , Gori Davide , Bragonzoni Laura , Toselli Stefania , Stagni Rita , Bisi Maria Cristina , Sansavini Alessandra , Tessari Alessia , Dallolio Laura 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
The present quasi-experimental study aimed to evaluate the effects of active breaks intervention (ABs) to promote physical and cognitive improvement in primary school.

Methods
The active breaks group (ABsG) performed 10 min of ABs three times per school day and the control group (CG) did normal lessons. The baseline and follow-up evaluation was conducted respectively in October 2019 and in May 2021. Cognitive performance was assessed using working memory test, physical performance was analyzed with ActiGraph accelerometers and physical fitness tests, quality of life was monitored using the Paediatric Quality of Life questionnaire (PedsQL) and classroom behavior was collected with an ad hoc questionnaire.

Results
We enrolled 153 children (age: 7.61 ± 1.41, 54.2% males). Working memory significantly increased in the ABsG (ΔWM: 1.30 ± 1.17) than in CG (ΔWM: 0.96 ± 1.20). The 6 min Cooper test increased in the ABsG (Δ: 1.77 ± 136.03) but not in CG (Δ: −156.42 ± 187.53), P &lt; 0.05. The weekly physical activity levels increased in both groups; however, the sedentary behavior significantly increased both in ABsG and CG. Children reported improvements in their quality of school life including feeling better in class and in school when using ABs; moreover, children improved their time on task behaviors in ABsG.

Conclusion
The present study has proven to be effective on children’s physical and cognitive performance.
Predicting and Preventing Gun Violence: An Experimental Evaluation of READI Chicago
Authors: Bhatt Monica P , Heller Sara B , Kapustin Max , Bertrand Marianne , Blattman Christopher 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGun violence is the most pressing public safety problem in U.S. cities. We report results from a randomized controlled trial (N = 2,456) of a community-researcher partnership called the Rapid Employment and Development Initiative (READI) Chicago. The program offered an 18-month job alongside cognitive behavioral therapy and other social support. Both algorithmic and human referral methods identified men with strikingly high scope for gun violence reduction: for every 100 people in the control group, there were 11 shooting and homicide victimizations during the 20-month outcome period. Fifty-five percent of the treatment group started programming, comparable to take-up rates in programs for people facing far lower mortality risk. After 20 months, there is no statistically significant change in an index combining three measures of serious violence, the study’s primary outcome. Yet there are signs that this program model has promise. One of the three measures, shooting and homicide arrests, declined 65% (p = .13 after multiple-testing adjustment). Because shootings are so costly, READI generated estimated social savings between ${\$}$182,000 and ${\$}$916,000 per participant (p = .03), implying a benefit-cost ratio between 4:1 and 18:1. Moreover, participants referred by outreach workers—a prespecified subgroup—saw enormous declines in arrests and victimizations for shootings and homicides (79% and 43%, respectively) which remain statistically significant even after multiple-testing adjustments. These declines are concentrated among outreach referrals with higher predicted risk, suggesting that human and algorithmic targeting may work better together.
Psychological stress, the central nervous system and arrhythmias
Authors: Lambiase P D , Garfinkel S N , Taggart P 
Published: July 2023

Summary
This review highlights the links between psychological stress and the neurocircuitry of cardiac–brain interactions leading to arrhythmias. The role of efferent and afferent connections in the heart–brain axis is considered, with the mechanisms by which emotional responses promote arrhythmias illustrated by inherited cardiac conditions. Novel therapeutic targets for intervention in the autonomic nervous system are considered.
Gut microbiota alterations are associated with phenotype and genotype in familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Delplanque Marion , Benech Nicolas , Rolhion Nathalie , Oeuvray Cyriane , Straube Marjolène , Galbert Chloé , Brot Loic , Henry Thomas , Jamilloux Yvan , Savey Léa , Grateau Gilles , Sokol Harry , Georgin-Lavialle Sophie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
FMF is the most common monogenic autoinflammatory disease associated with MEFV mutations. Disease phenotype and response to treatment vary from one patient to another, despite similar genotype, suggesting the role of environmental factors. The objective of this study was to analyse the gut microbiota of a large cohort of FMF patients in relation to disease characteristics.

Methods
The gut microbiotas of 119 FMF patients and 61 healthy controls were analysed using 16 s rRNA gene sequencing. Associations between bacterial taxa, clinical characteristics, and genotypes were evaluated using multivariable association with linear models (MaAslin2), adjusting on age, sex, genotype, presence of AA amyloidosis (n = 17), hepatopathy (n = 5), colchicine intake, colchicine resistance (n = 27), use of biotherapy (n = 10), CRP levels, and number of daily faeces. Bacterial network structures were also analysed.

Results
The gut microbiotas of FMF patients differ from those of controls in having increased pro-inflammatory bacteria, such as the Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Ruminococcus gnavus group. Disease characteristics and resistance to colchicine correlated with homozygous mutations and were associated with specific microbiota alteration. Colchicine treatment was associated with the expansion of anti-inflammatory taxa such as Faecalibacterium and Roseburia, while FMF severity was associated with expansion of the Ruminococcus gnavus group and Paracoccus. Colchicine-resistant patients exhibited an alteration of the bacterial network structure, with decreased intertaxa connectivity.

Conclusion
The gut microbiota of FMF patients correlates with disease characteristics and severity, with an increase in pro-inflammatory taxa in the most severe patients. This suggests a specific role for the gut microbiota in shaping FMF outcomes and response to treatment.
Asymmetric Information and Corporate Lending: Evidence from SME Bond Markets
Authors: Iannamorelli Alessandra , Nobili Stefano , Scalia Antonio , Zaccaria Luana 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Using a comprehensive dataset of Italian small and medium-sized enterprises, we find that differences between private and public information on firm creditworthiness affect the decision to issue bonds. Our evidence supports favorable (rather than adverse) selection in corporate bond markets. Specifically, holding public information constant, firms with better private fundamentals are more likely to access bond markets. These effects are weaker for opaque firms and stronger for firms with worse publicly observable risk. Additionally, credit conditions improve for issuers following the bond placement, compared with a matched sample of non-issuers. This is consistent with a model where banks offer more flexibility than markets during financial distress and firms use market lending to signal credit quality to outside stakeholders.
Heritable epigenetic modification of BpPIN1 is associated with leaf shapes in Betula pendula
Authors: Gu Chenrui , Han Rui , Liu Chaoyi , Fang Gonggui , Yuan Qihang , Zheng Zhimin , Yu Qibin , Jiang Jing , Liu Sanzhen , Xie Linan , Wei Hairong , Zhang Qingzhu , Liu Guifeng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The new variety Betula pendula ‘Dalecarlica’, selected from Betula pendula, shows high ornamental value owing to its lobed leaf shape. In this study, to identify the genetic components of leaf shape formation, we performed bulked segregant analysis and molecular marker-based fine mapping to identify the causal gene responsible for lobed leaves in B. pendula ‘Dalecarlica’. The most significant variations associated with leaf shape were identified within the gene BpPIN1 encoding a member of the PIN-FORMED family, responsible for the auxin efflux carrier. We further confirmed the hypomethylation at the promoter region promoting the expression level of BpPIN1, which causes stronger and longer veins and lobed leaf shape in B. pendula ‘Dalecarlica’. These results indicated that DNA methylation at the BpPIN1 promoter region is associated with leaf shapes in B. pendula. Our findings revealed an epigenetic mechanism of BpPIN1 in the regulation of leaf shape in Betula Linn. (birch), which could help in the molecular breeding of ornamental traits.
Do Working and Parenting Trajectories Influence Retirement Timing? Evidence From Spain, Using a Sequence Analysis Approach and Focusing on Women
Authors: Tambellini Elisa , Danielsbacka Mirkka , Rotkirch Anna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the association between accumulated experiences in the working and parenting spheres and retirement timing among Spanish women, utilizing data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The study examines whether labor market attachment or cumulative disadvantage characterizes women’s retirement and how these factors relate with the number of children. Firstly, multichannel sequence analysis and cluster analysis were employed to identify distinct work–family life courses from ages 20 to 50. Seven clusters were identified: “Full-time work with 2+ children,” “Out of the labour force and 2+ children,” “Mid-life discontinuity and 2+ children,” “Full-time work and 1 child,” “Full-time work and childless,” “Part-time work and 2+ children,” and “Part-time work or out of the labor force and 1 child.” Secondly, the study examines the association between these identified groups and retirement timing. The results indicate that Spanish women who have experienced more unstable careers characterized by extended periods of inactivity or part-time work, particularly in combination with having 2 or more children, are more likely to retire at a later age compared with women with continuous careers, with or without children. These findings underscore the ongoing challenges of balancing unpaid care work and wage work in Spain, while also revealing notable variations among women.
Osmotic stress tolerance and transcriptomic response of Ramazzottius varieornatus (Eutardigrada: Ramazzottiidae) following tun formation
Authors: Emdee Napat , Møbjerg Ask , Grollmann Milena M , Møbjerg Nadja 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
To thrive in harsh environments, tardigrades have evolved the ability to enter the quiescent state of cryptobiosis, often characterized by transition into a so-called ‘tun’. Here, we investigate osmobiosis, a substate of cryptobiosis induced by rising osmolyte concentrations. We follow the behaviour and morphology of Ramazzottius varieornatus during transfer from freshwater conditions into 3 Osmol/kg sucrose solution. The tardigrades easily survive the extreme change in external osmolality. During gradual exposure, they initiate tun formation at 0.2 Osmol/kg, with most specimens fully contracted into a tun at 0.5 Osmol/kg. The first transcriptomic profiling of osmobiotic tuns in comparison to active tardigrades reveals a modest shift, with 16% of the 3322 differentially expressed transcripts having a |log2 fold change| &gt; 1. A gene ontology enrichment analysis shows enrichment within protein homeostasis and neurohormonal signalling, with a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and neurotransmitter receptor transcripts being down- and upregulated, respectively. A putative Hsp70 is upregulated, whereas transcripts related to eutardigrade-specific proteins, antioxidant defence and DNA repair show minor fold changes. Among putative membrane transporters, a monocarboxylate and two amino acid transporters are downregulated. Our findings are in agreement with previous studies in Ramazzottius indicating that cryptobiosis and tun formation involve no change or modest change in transcription.
Clinical Evaluation of Competence in Nursing Education: What Do We Know?
Authors: Van Horn Elizabeth , Lewallen Lynne P. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

AIM
The purpose of this article was to examine the research literature to identify objective, replicable measurement of clinical competence in undergraduate nursing education.

BACKGROUND
Although a standardized licensure examination is used to determine minimal competence to practice, no consensus on the definition or components of competence exists in the research literature.

METHOD
A comprehensive search was conducted to locate studies that evaluated nursing students’ general competence in the clinical setting. Twelve reports published from 2010 to 2021 were examined.

RESULTS
Measures to evaluate competence were varied and contained multiple concepts including attributes of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors, ethics and values, personal attributes, and cognitive or psychomotor skills. Most studies used researcher-created instruments.

CONCLUSION
Although essential to nursing education, competence in the clinical setting is not commonly defined or evaluated. The lack of standardized instruments has contributed to the use of varied methods and measures for evaluating competence in nursing education and research.
Improving Graduate Medical Education by Aggregating Data Across the Medical Education Continuum
Authors: Thelen Angela E. , George Brian C. , Burkhardt John C. , Khamees Deena , Haas Mary R.C. , Weinstein Debra 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Meaningful improvements to graduate medical education (GME) have been achieved in recent decades, yet many GME improvement pilots have been small trials without rigorous outcome measures and with limited generalizability. Thus, lack of access to large-scale data is a key barrier to generating empiric evidence to improve GME. In this article, the authors examine the potential of a national GME data infrastructure to improve GME, review the output of 2 national workshops on this topic, and propose a path toward achieving this goal.
The authors envision a future where medical education is shaped by evidence from rigorous research powered by comprehensive, multi-institutional data. To achieve this goal, premedical education, undergraduate medical education, GME, and practicing physician data must be collected using a common data dictionary and standards and longitudinally linked using unique individual identifiers. The envisioned data infrastructure could provide a foundation for evidence-based decisions across all aspects of GME and help optimize the education of individual residents.
Two workshops hosted by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Board on Health Care Services explored the prospect of better using GME data to improve education and its outcomes. There was broad consensus about the potential value of a longitudinal data infrastructure to improve GME. Significant obstacles were also noted.
Suggested next steps outlined by the authors include producing a more complete inventory of data already being collected and managed by key medical education leadership organizations, pursuing a grass-roots data sharing pilot among GME-sponsoring institutions, and formulating the technical and governance frameworks needed to aggregate data across organizations.
The power and potential of big data is evident across many disciplines, and the authors believe that harnessing the power of big data in GME is the best next step toward advancing evidence-based physician education.
Association between “Balance Billing” Legislation and Anesthesia Payments in California: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Dixit Anjali A. , Heavner D. Lee , Baker Laurence C. , Sun Eric C. 
Published: July 2023

Background
Insured patients who receive out-of-network care may receive a “balance bill” for the difference between the practitioner’s charge and their insurer’s contracted rate. In 2017, California banned balance billing for anesthesia care. This study examined the association between California’s law and subsequent payments for anesthesia care. The authors hypothesized that, after the law’s implementation, there would be no change in in-network payment amounts, and that out-of-network payment amounts and the portion of claims occurring out-of-network would decline.

Methods
The study used average, quarterly, California county-level payment data (2013 to 2020) derived from a claims database of commercially insured patients. Using a difference-in-differences approach, the change was estimated in payment amounts for intraoperative or intrapartum anesthesia care, along with the portion of claims occurring out-of-network, after the law’s implementation. The comparison group was office visit payments, expected to be unaffected by the law. The authors prespecified that they would refer to differences of 10% or greater as policy significant.

Results
The sample consisted of 43,728 procedure code-county-quarter-network combinations aggregated from 4,599,936 claims. The law’s implementation was associated with a significant 13.6% decline in payments for out-of-network anesthesia care (95% CI, –16.5 to –10.6%; P < 0.001), translating to an average $108 decrease across all procedures (95% CI, –$149 to –$64). There was a statistically significant 3.0% increase in payments for in-network anesthesia care (95% CI, 0.9 to 5.1%; P = 0.007), translating to an average $87 increase (95% CI, $64 to $110), which may be notable in some circumstances but did not meet the study threshold for identifying a change as policy significant. There was a nonstatistically significant increase in the portion of claims occurring out-of-network (10.0%, 95% CI, –4.1 to 24.2%; P = 0.155).

Conclusions
California’s balance billing law was associated with significant declines in out-of-network anesthesia payments in the first 3 yr after implementation. There were mixed statistical and policy significant results for in-network payments and the proportion of out-of-network claims.

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Vaspin alleviates pathological cardiac hypertrophy by regulating autophagy-dependent myocardial senescence
Authors: Rui Haiying , Yu Huaxiang , Zou Dan , Chi Kai , Xu Ping , Song Xiaoshuai , Liu Lulu , Wu Xuting , Wang Jinxin , Xue Li 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Visceral adipose tissue–derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin), a secretory adipokine, protects against insulin resistance. Recent studies have demonstrated that serum vaspin levels are decreased in patients with coronary artery disease and that vaspin protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and atherosclerosis. However, it remains unclear whether vaspin exerts specific effects on pathological cardiac hypertrophy.

Methods
An in vivo study was conducted using a cardiac hypertrophy model established by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (ISO) in C57BL/6 and vaspin-ko mice. Rapamycin was administered intraperitoneally to mice, for further study. H9c2 cells and neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) were treated with ISO to induce hypertrophy. Human vaspin fusion protein, the proteasome inhibitor MG132, and chloroquine diphosphate were used for further mechanistic studies.

Results
Here, we provide the first evidence that vaspin knockdown results in markedly exaggerated cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte senescence in mice treated with ISO. Conversely, the administration of exogenous recombinant human vaspin protected NRVMs in vitro against ISO-induced hypertrophy and senescence. Furthermore, vaspin significantly potentiated the ISO-induced decrease in autophagy. Both rapamycin and chloroquine diphosphate regulated autophagy in vivo and in vitro, respectively, and participated in vaspin-mediated cardioprotection. Moreover, the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway plays a critical role in vaspin-mediated autophagy in cardiac tissues and NRVMs. Our data showed that vaspin downregulated the p85 and p110 subunits of PI3K by linking p85 and p110 to NEDD4L-mediated ubiquitination degradation.

Conclusion
Our results show, for the first time, that vaspin functions as a critical regulator that alleviates pathological cardiac hypertrophy by regulating autophagy-dependent myocardial senescence, providing potential preventive and therapeutic targets for pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
Ocular Surface Disease in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis Treated With Dupilumab: A Prospective Case–Control Study
Authors: Marolo Paola , Ribero Simone , Caselgrandi Paolo , Ghilardi Andrea , de Sanctis Ugo , Parisi Guglielmo , Fallico Matteo , Borrelli Enrico , Ortoncelli Michela , Gelato Federica , Mastorino Luca , Tibaldi Tommaso , Roccuzzo Gabriele , Quaglino Pietro , Reibaldi Michele 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation of dry eye disease (DED) prevalence in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) treated with dupilumab.

Methods:
This prospective case–control study included consecutive patients with moderate-to-severe AD scheduled for dupilumab between May and December 2021 and healthy subjects. DED prevalence, the Ocular Surface Disease Index, tear film breakup time test, osmolarity, Oxford staining score, and Schirmer test results were collected at baseline, 1 month, and 6 months after dupilumab therapy. The Eczema Area and Severity Index was assessed at baseline. Ocular side effects and discontinuation of dupilumab were also recorded.

Results:
Seventy-two eyes from 36 patients with AD treated with dupilumab and 36 healthy controls were included. Prevalence of DED increased from 16.7% at baseline to 33.3% at 6 months in the dupilumab group (P = 0.001), whereas it remained unchanged in the control group (P = 0.110). At 6 months, the Ocular Surface Disease Index and Oxford score increased (from 8.5 ± 9.8 to 11.0 ± 13.0, P = 0.068, and from 0.1 ± 0.5 to 0.3 ± 0.6, P = 0.050, respectively), the tear film breakup time test and Schirmer test results decreased (from 7.8 ± 2.6 s to 7.1 ± 2.7 s, P < 0.001, and from 15.4 ± 9.6 mm to 13.2 ± 7.9 mm, P = 0.036, respectively) in the dupilumab group, whereas they remained stable in the control group (P > 0.05). Osmolarity was unchanged (dupilumab P = 0.987 and controls P = 0.073). At 6 months after dupilumab therapy, 42% of patients had conjunctivitis, 36% blepharitis, and 2.8% keratitis. No severe side effects were reported, and none of the patients discontinued dupilumab. No association between Eczema Area and Severity Index and DED prevalence was shown.

Conclusions:
DED prevalence increased in patients with AD treated with dupilumab at 6 months. However, no severe ocular side effects were found and no patient discontinued therapy.