bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enforcing Citizen Participation Through Litigation: Analyzing the Outcomes of Anti-Dam Movements in Brazil and Chile
Authors: Heinelt Marie-Sophie , Lima Valesca 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTIn environmental politics, social movements play a crucial role, promoting participatory rights and confronting injustice, inequality, and the interests of the powerful. This article examines an underexplored topic in the literature on social movements, especially in Latin America: the use of litigation to force decisionmakers to comply with participatory formats, specifically in the course of opposition to hydroelectric dams. These projects often are destructive to the local environment and communities. This study examines four cases of environmental litigation that halted dam construction in Brazil and Chile, singling out causal pathways for successful collective action. It focuses on two dimensions of movement success: the implementation of participatory formats and the resulting cancellation of dam projects. In line with the joint effect model of social movement theory, the cross-case comparison of legal disputes shows that pursuing legal strategies in parallel to broad social mobilization and the support of institutional allies, can lead to successful outcomes.
Kenyan farmers appreciate the higher yield of 50% non-pollen producing Maize (Zea mays) hybrids
Authors: De Groote Hugo , Ndegwa Michael K. , Muriithi Nancy , Munyua Bernard G. , Collinson Sarah , Olsen Michael S. 
Published: May 2023

Summary
Incorporating the dominant male sterile gene, Ms44, in new maize varieties results in 50% non-pollen producing (FNP) varieties. This makes the varieties more nitrogen efficient and increases yield directly by an average of 200 kg ha−1 across yield levels. However, as half of the plants do not shed pollen, the presence of Ms44 in an FNP variety is clearly visible. This technology can improve food production and security in the African maize-based agri-food systems, but only if accepted by farmers. Farmers were therefore invited to 11 on-farm, researcher managed trial sites of FNP varieties in Kenya over 2 years. They were asked to identify the traits they find important in evaluating maize varieties and to score the FNP varieties, as well as their conventional counterparts, on these criteria (including yield, resistance to pests, and cob size) and overall, using a five-point hedonic scale. In total, 2,697 farmers participated, of which 62% were women. Farmers mentioned many traits they find important, especially yield and related traits, early maturity, and drought resistance, but also tassel and pollen formation. In 2017, mid-season, participants scored FNP varieties lower than conventional varieties on tassel and pollen formation, indicating that farmers could distinguish the trait. FNP varieties still received higher scores for yield and overall evaluation. In mid-season 2018, participants no longer scored FNP varieties lower for pollen formation as they now understood the technology. In both years, at the end-season evaluation, scores for tassel formation were not different, but participants scored FNP varieties higher for yield and overall. We conclude that farmers recognized the FNP trait but did not mind it as they clearly favored its yield advantage. The FNP technology, therefore, has high potential not only to increase maize yields, food production, and food security in the agricultural systems of Africa but also to increase varietal turnover and the adoption of new, high-yielding, climate-smart maize hybrids.
Morphosyntactic probing of multilingual BERT models
Authors: Acs Judit , Hamerlik Endre , Schwartz Roy , Smith Noah A. , Kornai Andras 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe introduce an extensive dataset for multilingual probing of morphological information in language models (247 tasks across 42 languages from 10 families), each consisting of a sentence with a target word and a morphological tag as the desired label, derived from the Universal Dependencies treebanks. We find that pre-trained Transformer models (mBERT and XLM-RoBERTa) learn features that attain strong performance across these tasks. We then apply two methods to locate, for each probing task, where the disambiguating information resides in the input. The first is a new perturbation method that “masks” various parts of context; the second is the classical method of Shapley values. The most intriguing finding that emerges is a strong tendency for the preceding context to hold more information relevant to the prediction than the following context.
Some observations on the temporal patterns in the surplus process of an insurer
Authors: Miao Yang , Sendova Kristina P. , Jones Bruce L. , Li Zhong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we explore potential surplus modelling improvements by investigating how well the available models describe an insurance risk process. To this end, we obtain and analyse a real-life data set that is provided by an anonymous insurer. Based on our analysis, we discover that both the purchasing process and the corresponding claim process have seasonal fluctuations. Some special events, such as public holidays, also have impact on these processes. In the existing literature, the seasonality is often stressed in the claim process, while the cash inflow usually assumes simple forms. We further suggest a possible way of modelling the dependence between these two processes. A preliminary analysis of the impact of these patterns on the surplus process is also conducted. As a result, we propose a surplus process model which utilises a non-homogeneous Poisson process for premium counts and a Cox process for claim counts that reflect the specific features of the data.
Prescription of Sedative Hypnotics in Psychiatric and Somatic	Inpatients
Authors: Kramer Marco , Ueberberg Bianca , Emons Barbara , Göbel-Erkan Julia , Juckel Georg , Haussleiter Ida Sibylle 
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Benzodiazepines (BZD) and Z-drugs (ZD) are often prescribed to treat psychiatric disorders. Despite the risk of dependency and serious adverse events, they are increasingly prescribed to outpatients. Yet little is known about the prescription to inpatients. In this article, we analyze the BZD and ZD prescription patterns in the routine data of 913 psychiatric and somatic inpatients treated in Bochum, Germany. BZD were prescribed more often as regular medication in psychiatry and ZD in somatic hospitals. ZD were more often used on demand, by female patients, and combined with other substances. Both were frequently prescribed to older adults, especially as part of somatic treatment and in combination with opioids. Prescription of sedative hypnotics is frequent in psychiatric and somatic inpatients. Their use seems to be partially independent of recorded psychiatric indications.
In the Quest of a Parametric Relation Between Ice Sheet Model Inferred Weertman's Sliding‐Law Parameter and Airborne Radar‐Derived Basal Reflectivity Underneath Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica
Authors: Das Indrani , Morlighem Mathieu , Barnes Jowan , Gudmundsson G. Hilmar , Goldberg Daniel , Dias dos Santos Thiago 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNumerical ice sheet models use sliding laws to connect basal shear stress and ice velocity to simulate ice sliding. A sliding‐law parameter β2 is used to control Weertman's sliding law in numerical ice sheet models. Basal reflectivity derived from ice‐penetrating radar also provides information about frozen or thawed conditions underneath glaciers. To assess whether basal reflectivity can be used to constrain β2, we carry out statistical experiments between two recently published datasets: β2 inferred from three numerical ice sheet models (ISSM, Úa and STREAMICE) and airborne radar‐derived relative basal reflectivity from the AGASEA‐BBAS mission over Thwaites Glacier (TG). Our results show no robust correlation between the β2–relative reflectivity pair. Pearson's correlation coefficient, a test of linearity, ranges from −0.26 to −0.38. Spearman's correlation coefficient, which does not require a linear assumption, is also modest (∼−0.35). We conclude that β2 and relative basal reflectivity underneath TG do not infer similar basal conditions.
Coping With Unreliable Water Supply: An Experimental Study of Exit and Voice
Authors: Shin Hoon C. , Yousefi Peyman , Park Samuel , Yu David J. , Janssen Marco A. , Vallury Sechindra , Araral Eduardo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnreliable public water supplies cause human hardships and are still common worldwide. Households often deal with the issue by adopting various coping strategies that are representative of economic decentralization (e.g., using private wells, sourcing from third‐party vendors) and political decentralization (e.g., making petitions to a public provider). There is growing interest in these user‐level decentralized coping strategies, but their relative effects on provider's behavior and the long‐term sustainability of public water supply remain unclear. This puzzle has not been tackled using an experimental approach. This study reports a controlled behavioral experiment conducted to test the relative effectiveness of different coping strategies on infrastructure quality and users‐provider cooperation in the context of agricultural water supply. We tested experimental treatments involving two classes of coping strategies: exit and voice. The exit option represents users' shift to an alternative water source. The voice option represents users' direct effort to influence a public irrigation service provider. We recruited 272 human subjects into our 4‐player experiment (one provider and three users) and observed and compared their decisions under four treatments (exit, voice, their combination, and no options). The results show that the voice option leads to improved outcomes compared to other choices that include the exit option, suggesting that contrary to previously thought, the exit option can be detrimental to users‐provider cooperation. We also observed that a user tends to cooperate more (pay and use the public service) when other users do the same.
Placement Strategies for Water Quality Sensors Using Complex Network Theory for Continuous and Intermittent Water Distribution Systems
Authors: Namtirtha Amrita , Kumar K. R. Sheetal , Jain Sejal , Simmhan Yogesh , Kumar M. S. Mohan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWater quality sensors are used to detect contamination in water distribution systems (WDSs) to help supply safe and quality drinking water to society. However, identifying the optimal location to place sensors is still an open challenge. Many approaches have been proposed in literature to solve this problem. Complex network theory‐based approaches (CNW) to sensor placement are simple, easy to implement, take less computational time even for large‐scale networks, and do not require calibrated hydraulic and water‐quality models. However, existing CNW methods perform well for only a subset of common objectives. Optimization‐based approaches offer better placement but are computationally costly and require detailed knowledge of the WDS. We proposed a new method, “EQ‐Water,” to identify the locations to place water quality sensors for continuous and intermittent WDS with variable demand patterns. EQ‐Water is based on complex network theory, but uses minimal additional hydraulic information. We validate the performance of EQ‐Water on four real networks: BWSN 1, BWSN 2, JPN, and D2B networks. We have compared the performance with a number of approaches from literature, including the popular TEVA‐SPOT tool. The comparison is based on the four objective functions, Z1–Z4, which are commonly used, and also on a weighted cumulative objective function. Our results indicate that EQ‐Water is among the top three methods for BWSN 1, JPN and D2B when using diverse weights for the objective functions, and it shows median performance for BWSN 2. We also observe consistently superior performance against other CNW, and it is competitive with simulation‐based approaches while taking lesser time and effort.
In Defense of Metrics: Metrics Sufficiently Encode Typical Human Preferences Regarding Hydrological Model Performance
Authors: Gauch Martin , Kratzert Frederik , Gilon Oren , Gupta Hoshin , Mai Juliane , Nearing Grey , Tolson Bryan , Hochreiter Sepp , Klotz Daniel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBuilding accurate rainfall–runoff models is an integral part of hydrological science and practice. The variety of modeling goals and applications have led to a large suite of evaluation metrics for these models. Yet, hydrologists still put considerable trust into visual judgment, although it is unclear whether such judgment agrees or disagrees with existing quantitative metrics. In this study, we tasked 622 experts to compare and judge more than 14,000 pairs of hydrographs from 13 different models. Our results show that expert opinion broadly agrees with quantitative metrics and results in a clear preference for a Machine Learning model over traditional hydrological models. The expert opinions are, however, subject to significant amounts of inconsistency. Nevertheless, where experts agree, we can predict their opinion purely from quantitative metrics, which indicates that the metrics sufficiently encode human preferences in a small set of numbers. While there remains room for improvement of quantitative metrics, we suggest that the hydrologic community should reinforce their benchmarking efforts and put more trust in these metrics.
Observation of Helium in Mercury's Exosphere by PHEBUS on Bepi‐Colombo
Authors: Quémerais Eric , Koutroumpa Dimitra , Lallement Rosine , Sandel Bill R. , Robidel Rozenn , Chaufray Jean‐Yves , Reberac Aurélie , Leblanc Francois , Yoshikawa Ichiro , Yoshioka Kazuo , Murakami Go , Korablev Oleg , Belyaev Denis , Pelizzo Maria G. , Corso Alain J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOn 1 October 2021, Bepi‐Colombo performed its first flyby of Mercury. During the maneuver, the short wavelength channel (55–155 nm) of “Probing the Hermean Exosphere by UV Spectroscopy” (PHEBUS) was activated for a total duration of 1 hr. The helium resonance line at 58.4 nm was clearly observed during the whole sequence. At large distance from the planet, the emission was due to helium atoms in the interplanetary medium (interplanetary UV glow). Just after crossing the terminator of the planet and entering the dawn side of the exosphere, PHEBUS observed a clear additional emission due to scattering of solar photons by helium atoms in the exosphere of Mercury. The first detection of the 58.4 nm line in the exosphere of Mercury was reported by Broadfoot et al. (1976, https://doi.org/10.1029/gl003i010p00577) following the Mariner 10 flybys in 1974. The PHEBUS observation of exospheric helium emissions is the first for this element since the UVS measurements. In this paper, we present the results of our analysis of the PHEBUS data at 58.4 nm. Calibration of both instruments are compared with observations of the interplanetary glow, showing that the measurements of both instruments are accurate. However, we find that the exospheric density of helium atoms deduced from the PHEBUS data is 4.5–7.5 times lower than the previous estimate from UVS on Mariner 10. Possible explanations are considered. We show that some of the helium atoms present in the exosphere of Mercury could originate from the local interstellar cloud.
Phosphorylation of IWS1 by AKT maintains liposarcoma tumor heterogeneity through preservation of cancer stem cell phenotypes and mesenchymal-epithelial plasticity
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Hongji , La Ferlita Alessandro , Sp Nipin , Goryunova Marina , Sarchet Patricia , Hu Zhiwei , Sorkin Michael , Kim Alex , Huang Hai , Zhu Hua , Tsung Allan , Pollock Raphael E. , Beane Joal D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for patients with advanced liposarcoma (LPS), but response rates are only 25% and the overall survival at 5 years is dismal at 20–34%. Translation of other therapies have not been successful and there has been no significant improvement in prognosis for nearly 20 years. The aberrant activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway has been implicated in the aggressive clinical behavior LPS and in resistance to chemotherapy, but the precise mechanism remains elusive and efforts to target AKT clinically have failed. Here we show that the AKT-mediated phosphorylation of the transcription elongation factor IWS1, promotes the maintenance of cancer stem cells in both cell and xenograft models of LPS. In addition, phosphorylation of IWS1 by AKT contributes to a “metastable” cell phenotype, characterized by mesenchymal/epithelial plasticity. The expression of phosphorylated IWS1 also promotes anchorage-dependent and independent growth, cell migration, invasion, and tumor metastasis. In patients with LPS, IWS1 expression is associated with reduced overall survival, increased frequency of recurrence, and shorter time to relapse after resection. These findings indicate that IWS1-mediated transcription elongation is an important regulator of human LPS pathobiology in an AKT-dependent manner and implicate IWS1 as an important molecular target to treat LPS.
Artificial intelligence in healthcare and education
Authors: Dave Manas , Patel Neil 
Published: May 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the healthcare and medical and dental education sectors. With advancements in AI technology and its integration into routine tasks, the field of healthcare and education is rapidly evolving. This article aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the impact of AI in these sectors and to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of its integration. The article will begin by examining the use of AI in healthcare, including its impact on patient care, diagnosis and treatment, and the benefits it brings to medical professionals and patients alike. The article will then delve into the use of AI in medical and dental education, exploring its impact on student learning and teaching practices, and the benefits and challenges it presents for educators and students. Additionally, this article will also cover the impact of AI on the publishing of scientific articles in journals. With the increasing volume of submissions and the need for more efficient management, AI is being utilised to streamline the peer-review process and improve the quality of peer-review. The article will also delve into the possibility of AI enabling new forms of publication and supporting reproducibility, helping to improve the overall quality of scientific publications. Furthermore, the authors of this article have written it using AI, making it a landmark paper that showcases the true technological power of AI in the field of writing.
Synthetic virology approaches to improve the safety and efficacy of oncolytic virus therapies
Authors: Azad Taha , Rezaei Reza , Singaravelu Ragunath , Pelin Adrian , Boulton Stephen , Petryk Julia , Onsu Kemal Alper , Martin Nikolas T. , Hoskin Victoria , Ghahremani Mina , Marotel Marie , Marius Ricardo , He Xiaohong , Crupi Mathieu J. F. , Hoang Huy-Dung , Nik-Akhtar Abolfazl , Ahmadi Mahsa , Zamani Nika Kooshki , Golshani Ashkan , Alain Tommy , Greer Peter , Ardolino Michele , Dickinson Bryan C. , Tai Lee-Hwa , Ilkow Carolina S. , Bell John C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe large coding potential of vaccinia virus (VV) vectors is a defining feature. However, limited regulatory switches are available to control viral replication as well as timing and dosing of transgene expression in order to facilitate safe and efficacious payload delivery. Herein, we adapt drug-controlled gene switches to enable control of virally encoded transgene expression, including systems controlled by the FDA-approved rapamycin and doxycycline. Using ribosome profiling to characterize viral promoter strength, we rationally design fusions of the operator element of different drug-inducible systems with VV promoters to produce synthetic promoters yielding robust inducible expression with undetectable baseline levels. We also generate chimeric synthetic promoters facilitating additional regulatory layers for VV-encoded synthetic transgene networks. The switches are applied to enable inducible expression of fusogenic proteins, dose-controlled delivery of toxic cytokines, and chemical regulation of VV replication. This toolbox enables the precise modulation of transgene circuitry in VV-vectored oncolytic virus design.
Light-driven flow synthesis of acetic acid from methane with chemical looping
Authors: Zhang Wenqing , Xi Dawei , Chen Yihong , Chen Aobo , Jiang Yawen , Liu Hengjie , Zhou Zeyu , Zhang Hui , Liu Zhi , Long Ran , Xiong Yujie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOxidative carbonylation of methane is an appealing approach to the synthesis of acetic acid but is limited by the demand for additional reagents. Here, we report a direct synthesis of CH3COOH solely from CH4 via photochemical conversion without additional reagents. This is made possible through the construction of the PdO/Pd–WO3 heterointerface nanocomposite containing active sites for CH4 activation and C–C coupling. In situ characterizations reveal that CH4 is dissociated into methyl groups on Pd sites while oxygen from PdO is the responsible for carbonyl formation. The cascade reaction between the methyl and carbonyl groups generates an acetyl precursor which is subsequently converted to CH3COOH. Remarkably, a production rate of 1.5 mmol gPd–1 h–1 and selectivity of 91.6% toward CH3COOH is achieved in a photochemical flow reactor. This work provides insights into intermediate control via material design, and opens an avenue to conversion of CH4 to oxygenates.
Bidirectional thermo-regulating hydrogel composite for autonomic thermal homeostasis
Authors: Park Gyeongsuk , Park Hyunmin , Seo Junyong , Yang Jun Chang , Kim Min , Lee Bong Jae , Park Steve 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThermal homeostasis is an essential physiological function for preserving the optimal state of complex organs within the human body. Inspired by this function, here, we introduce an autonomous thermal homeostatic hydrogel that includes infrared wave reflecting and absorbing materials for improved heat trapping at low temperatures, and a porous structure for enhanced evaporative cooling at high temperatures. Moreover, an optimized auxetic pattern was designed as a heat valve to further amplify heat release at high temperatures. This homeostatic hydrogel provides effective bidirectional thermoregulation with deviations of 5.04 °C ± 0.55 °C and 5.85 °C ± 0.46 °C from the normal body temperature of 36.5 °C, when the external temperatures are 5 °C and 50 °C, respectively. The autonomous thermoregulatory characteristics of our hydrogel may provide a simple solution to people suffering from autonomic nervous system disorders and soft robotics that are susceptible to sudden temperature fluctuations.
Enzymatic polymerization of enantiomeric L−3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine into films with enhanced rigidity and stability
Authors: Shen Yuhe , Su Rongxin , Hao Dongzhao , Xu Xiaojian , Reches Meital , Min Jiwei , Chang Heng , Yu Tao , Li Qing , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Yuefei , Wang Yuefei , Qi Wei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractL−3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine is an important molecule in the adhesion of mussels, and as an oxidative precursor of natural melanin, it plays an important role in living system. Here, we investigate the effect of the molecular chirality of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine on the properties of the self-assembled films by tyrosinase-induced oxidative polymerization. The kinetics and morphology of pure enantiomers are completely altered upon their co-assembly, allowing the fabrication of layer-to-layer stacked nanostructures and films with improved structural and thermal stability. The different molecular arrangements and self-assembly mechanisms of the L+D-racemic mixtures, whose oxidation products have increased binding energy, resulting in stronger intermolecular forces, which significantly increases the elastic modulus. This study provides a simple pathway for the fabrication of biomimetic polymeric materials with enhanced physicochemical properties by controlling the chirality of monomers.