bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity—the past, present and potential future: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Mclaughlin Matthew , McCue Peter , Swelam Brittany , Murphy Joey , Edney Sarah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This is a state-of-the-art review of historical developments, current approaches and recommended future directions in physical activity (PA) research, practice and policy. Since the early epidemiological studies in the 1950s, PA research has developed from within a biomedical paradigm. There is now a strong evidence base linking PA with positive health outcomes. PA is currently understood as a multi-sector issue, requiring a multi-sector solution (e.g. transport, urban design, sport), resulting in multiple individual and societal benefits (e.g. addresses multiple Sustainable Development Goals), however, there is a disconnect between interventions, policy and practice. This may be due to limited cross-sector collaboration between, and within, the public and private sectors. Furthermore, the mix of policy instruments employed by governments to implement PA policy to date has been dominated by soft (e.g. communication) rather than hard options (e.g. fiscal). To progress in PA promotion, we need to move beyond health outcome and intervention evidence generation (e.g. focus on testing efficacy in highly controlled settings), to more complex, real world, politically informed, multi-sector, scale-up and policies, while concurrently collecting data to evaluate such efforts (e.g. natural experiments and evaluations of the policy process). PA programs may benefit from greater incorporation of public policy considerations, so that proposed interventions and policies are designed with potential political constraints in mind. We conclude by providing a call to action to advance the understanding of the role of politics in PA, in order to develop politically informed action on PA.
Development of secure infrastructure for advancing generative artificial intelligence research in healthcare at an academic medical center
Authors: Ng Madelena Y , Helzer Jarrod , Pfeffer Michael A , Seto Tina , Hernandez-Boussard Tina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Generative AI, particularly large language models (LLMs), holds great potential for improving patient care and operational efficiency in healthcare. However, the use of LLMs is complicated by regulatory concerns around data security and patient privacy. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a secure infrastructure that allows researchers to safely leverage LLMs in healthcare while ensuring HIPAA compliance and promoting equitable AI.

Materials and Methods
We implemented a private Azure OpenAI Studio deployment with secure API-enabled endpoints for researchers. Two use cases were explored, detecting falls from electronic health records (EHR) notes and evaluating bias in mental health prediction using fairness-aware prompts.

Results
The framework provided secure, HIPAA-compliant API access to LLMs, allowing researchers to handle sensitive data safely. Both use cases highlighted the secure infrastructure’s capacity to protect sensitive patient data while supporting innovation.

Discussion and Conclusion
This centralized platform presents a scalable, secure, and HIPAA-compliant solution for healthcare institutions aiming to integrate LLMs into clinical research.
Cross-cutting families: how parent politics shape political communication and socialization practices
Authors: Van Duyn Emily , Pool Kirsten 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Many families in the United States hold divergent political beliefs, which may cause relational issues between parents and affect the political socialization of their child(ren). Through a mixed-methods approach, we first assess data from in-depth interviews (N = 30) with parents in cross-cutting romantic relationships, or relationships where partners hold different political beliefs, to inductively explore the connection between parent politics and political socialization within the family. We find that parent political differences shape parent political communication, which is related to the political socialization of their child(ren). Drawing from these interviews, we employ survey data of cross-cutting and politically similar parents in the U.S. (N = 484), offering complementary evidence that cross-cutting parent relationships are negatively associated with expressiveness and political socialization, and that the relationship with political socialization is mediated by parent expressiveness. These findings showcase the role that parent disagreement plays in family political communication and political socialization.
Robotic-assisted excision of left para-aortic paraganglioma: a novel approach
Authors: Tan Jack Kang , Ramsingh Jason 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Paragangliomas, a type of extra-adrenal tumour, albeit rare, are dangerous due to their high metastatic potential and risk of hypertensive crisis from massive catecholamine release. It typically presents with sympathetic overdrive symptoms such as diaphoresis, headache, and palpitation, accompanied by substantially high plasma metanephrines level and mass on contrasted computed tomography abdomen and pelvis, whilst some are found incidentally. In this report, we discuss a case of an extra-adrenal lesion located near susceptible major structures with extensive vascularisation, in a patient with near-death experience. Complete excision of the pulsatile mass with minimal bleeding and no complications, was made possible utilizing the da Vinci Robotic System. Robotic surgery, being a part of a multidisciplinary approach, leads to better patient outcomes and shorter hospitalisations. Moreover, it offers enhanced dexterity and improved depth perception compared to conventional methods. However, further studies are needed to validate its application in standard practice.
Long-term immunogenicity of a single-dose live recombinant chimeric Japanese encephalitis vaccine in adults
Authors: Mills Deborah J , Gyawali Narayan , Nammunige Nirupama A , Mills Christine , Devine Gregor J , Lau Colleen L , Furuya-Kanamori Luis 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Japanese encephalitis virus is a leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia, with high case-fatality rate and morbidity. Although the live recombinant Japanese encephalitis chimeric vaccine (Imojev®) offers strong initial immunity, data on long-term efficacy beyond 5 years remain limited.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study on adults vaccinated with Imojev® at a specialist travel clinic in Brisbane, Australia. Participants were stratified based on the time since vaccination: 2–5 years and &gt;5 years. Neutralizing antibody titres were measured using the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50), with titres ≥10 indicating seropositivity.

Results
Of the 103 participants, 47 were vaccinated 2–5 years prior and 56 were vaccinated ≥5 years prior to enrolment. All participants vaccinated within 5 years remain seropositive, whilst 52 of 56 (92.9%) vaccinated ≥5 years ago were seropositive. Four participants (7.1%) were seronegative post-vaccination, with time since vaccination ranging from 5 to 9 years. These seronegative individuals were vaccinated a median of 9.2 years ago, compared to 5.1 years for seropositive participants (P-value = 0.037). Aside from time since vaccination, no other factors (e.g. age, sex) were associated with seronegativity.

Conclusions
Imojev® provides durable immunity, with seropositivity exceeding 90% up to 10 years post-vaccination. However, waning immunity in a small proportion of individuals suggests that booster doses may be beneficial for high-risk travellers vaccinated over 5 years ago.
Partial imaging and Thomason conditionals
Authors: Cuenca Alba 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The main goal of this article is to give an adequate semantic treatment of Thomason conditionals, that is, conditionals where the consequent asserts the agent’s ignorance or disbelief on the antecedent. These conditionals present a challenge to the conventional epistemic view of conditionals, as outlined by the Ramsey test. We argue that we can give a correct treatment of this type of conditional by taking a probabilistic approach and applying the probability function Jeffrey Imaging as a way of supposing the antecedent. We demonstrate how this method not only unifies the treatment of different types of conditionals while maintaining consistency with the Ramsey test’s core insights, but also sheds light on the general nature of partial supposition.
Exploring migrants’ willingness to renounce birthright citizenship in Italy: Do national identity, place of socialization, and instrumental approach matter?
Authors: Barbiano di Belgiojoso Elisa , Ortensi Livia Elisa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The relationship between citizenship and identity is complex, affecting migrants’ propensity to become citizens if the law of the destination or home country requires renouncing birthright citizenship. Renunciation of birthright citizenship is one of the main barriers to naturalization. However, previous research has underestimated migrants’ readiness to renounce their birthright citizenship, focusing mainly on the dual citizenship regulations of both destination and home countries. This article aims to fill this gap. Using a unique, nationally representative dataset, Social Condition and Integration of Foreigners, we analyse migrants’ intention to renounce their citizenship to become Italian, focusing on three dimensions: identity, place of socialization, and reason for naturalization. The results show that identification with the host country, longer socialization in Italy, and the desire for equality of status and rights are strongly associated with the willingness to renounce citizenship.
Reflection-dominated Compton-thick AGN candidates in the SRG/eROSITA Lockman Hole survey
Authors: Belvedersky M I , Bykov S D , Gilfanov M R , Medvedev P S , Sunyaev R A 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
We search for reflection-dominated Compton-thick active galactic nuclei (CT AGN) candidates in the Lockman Hole (LH) region using the data of SRG/eROSITA LH survey. We selected sources with anomalously hard photon indices in the 0.3–8.0 keV band, untypical for Type I AGN. In particular, we required that the upper end of the 90 per cent error interval did not exceed a fiducial boundary of $\Gamma =1.3$. We found 291 sources which constitute a rare sub-population among extragalactic X-ray sources detected by eROSITA in the LH field, $\approx 5~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. These sources constitute the eROSITA sample of CT AGN candidates in the LH field. We further divide the sources into three categories depending on the availability of reliable redshift and statistically significant detection of intrinsic absorption. We present two catalogues: the bright sample (37 sources) and the faint one (254). We estimate the fraction and sky density of reflection-dominated CT AGN candidates. We show examples of individual spectra and use stacking analysis to search for possible redshift evolution of their properties with redshift. We analyse combined eROSITA spectra of bright sources of different categories with a physically motivated spectral model UXCLUMPY and find them fully consistent with the fits to the $\sim 1$ Ms XMM–Newton data for one of our reflection-dominated CT candidates, Type 2 galaxy SRGe J105348.6+573032. The catalogues of CT AGN candidates could be a good starting point for planning future studies and follow-ups at all wavelengths.
Prospects for biological evolution on Hycean worlds
Authors: Mitchell Emily G , Madhusudhan Nikku 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recent detections of carbon-bearing molecules in the atmosphere of a candidate Hycean world, K2-18 b, with JWST are opening the prospects for characterising potential biospheres on temperate exoplanets. Hycean worlds are a recently theorised class of habitable exoplanets with ocean covered surfaces and hydrogen-rich atmospheres. Hycean planets are thought to be conducive for hosting microbial life under conditions similar to those in the Earth’s oceans. In the present work we investigate the potential for biological evolution on Hycean worlds and their dependence on the thermodynamic conditions. We find that a large range of evolutionary rates and origination times are possible for unicellular life in oceanic environments for a relatively marginal range in environmental conditions. For example, a relatively small (10 K) increase in the average ocean temperature can lead to over twice the evolutionary rates, with key unicellular groups originating as early as ∼1.3 billion years from origin of life. On the contrary, similar decreases in temperatures can also significantly delay the origination times by several billion years. This delay in turn could affect their observable biomarkers such as dimethylsulfide, which is known to be produced predominantly by Eukaryotic marine phytoplankton in Earth’s oceans. Therefore, Hycean worlds that are significantly cooler than Earth may be expected to host simpler microbial life than Earth’s oceans and may show weaker biosignatures, unless they orbit significantly older stars than the Sun. Conversely, Hycean worlds with warmer surface temperatures than Earth are more likely to show stronger atmospheric biosignatures due to microbial life if present.
Shared Selection and Genetic Architecture Drive Strikingly Repeatable Evolution in Long-Term Experimental Hybrid Populations
Authors: Owens Gregory L , Caseys Celine , Mitchell Nora , Hübner Sariel , Whitney Kenneth D , Rieseberg Loren H 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The degree to which evolution repeats itself has implications regarding the major forces driving evolution and the potential for evolutionary biology to be a predictive (vs. solely historical) science. To understand the factors that control evolutionary repeatability, we experimentally evolved four replicate hybrid populations of sunflowers at natural sites for up to 14 years and tracked ancestry across the genome. We found that there was very strong negative selection against introgressed ancestry in several chromosomes, but positive selection for introgressed ancestry in one chromosome. Further, the strength of selection was influenced by recombination rate. High recombination regions had lower selection against introgressed ancestry due to more frequent recombination away from incompatible backgrounds. Strikingly, evolution was highly parallel across replicates, with shared selection driving 88% of variance in introgressed allele frequency change. Parallel evolution was driven by both high levels of sustained linkage in introgressed alleles and strong selection on large-effect quantitative trait loci. This work highlights the repeatability of evolution through hybridization and confirms the central roles that natural selection, genomic architecture, and recombination play in the process.
The influence of signal strength on conscious and nonconscious neural processing of emotional faces
Authors: Schlossmacher Insa , Herbig Marie , Dellert Torge , Straube Thomas , Bruchmann Maximilian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Consciously perceived emotional relative to neutral facial expressions evoke stronger early and late event-related potential (ERP) components. However, the extent of nonconscious neural processing of emotional information in faces is still a matter of debate. One possible reason for conflicting findings might relate to threshold effects depending on the sensory strength of stimuli. In the current study, we investigated this issue by manipulating the contrast of fearful and neutral faces presented with or without continuous flash suppression (CFS). Low, medium, and high contrasts were calibrated individually so that faces were consciously perceived at all contrast levels if presented without CFS. With CFS, however, low- and medium-contrast faces remained nonconscious, while high-contrast faces broke the suppression. Without CFS, ERPs showed an increased early negativity and late positivity in response to fearful vs. neutral faces regardless of contrast. Under CFS, we observed differential early negativities for suppression-breaking high-contrast fearful vs. neutral faces. For nonconscious faces, however, the contrast level modulated the difference between fearful and neutral faces, showing enhanced early negativities only at medium contrast and an inverted effect at low contrast. Additional analysis of late positivities provided evidence for the absence of an effect at low and medium contrast, while at high-contrast, fearful faces elicited a larger positivity than neutral ones. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the significance of stimulus strength for nonconscious emotion processing under CFS, implying that early negative ERP differences between neutral and fearful faces depend on stimulus contrast near the detection threshold.
Exploitation Through Racialization
Authors: McGee Dan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
I develop a model of the social construction of race. Racial categories emerge from labour conflict when elites privilege intrinsically irrelevant traits to divide workers against each other and extract workers’ surplus. I show that elites use colour to grant unequal rights and track these rights across generations because it is heritable, observable, and relatively immutable. Depending on the demographic conditions the elites face, the system of racialization manifests either as ‘ancestry-based’ or ‘colour-based’ categories. This approach to the social construction of race provides a unified explanation of skin tone inequality, racial homophily in marriage, the social status of mixed-race people, the ‘psychological wage’ of Jim Crow, and legal restrictions on manumission. I test for historical variations in racial boundaries using census data from the United States and Brazil and for differential patterns of skin tone inequality between ancestry-based and colour-based systems using survey data from across the Americas.
Covering groups of minimal exponent
Authors: Sambonet Nicola 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Presenting a finite group by a free product of finite cyclic groups the Hopf formula for the Schur multiplier also affords a covering group, and the cover has a minimal exponent, provided that the presentation preserves the orders of the generators. This condition corresponds to a covering projection between Δ-complexes, and so a presentation by a Fuchsian group generated by elliptic elements corresponds to a covering projection between compact oriented surfaces.
Danshensu sodium salt alleviates muscle atrophy via CaMKII‐PGC1α‐FoxO3a signaling pathway in D‐galactose‐induced models
Authors: Lim Pooreum , Woo Sang Woo , Han Jihye , Lee Young Lim , Shim Jae Ho , Kim Hyeon Soo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSarcopenia is an age‐related muscle atrophy syndrome characterized by the loss of muscle strength and mass. Although many agents have been used to treat sarcopenia, there are no successful treatments to date. In this study, we identified Danshensu sodium salt (DSS) as a substantial suppressive agent of muscle atrophy. We used a D‐galactose (DG)‐induced aging‐acceleration model, both in vivo and in vitro, to confirm the effect of DSS on sarcopenia. DSS inhibits the expression of muscle atrophy‐related factors (MuRF1, MAFbx, myostatin, and FoxO3a) in DG‐induced mouse C2C12 and human skeletal muscle cells. Additionally, DSS restored the diameter of reduced C2C12 myotubes. Next, we demonstrated that DSS stimulates AMPK and PGC1α through CaMKII. DSS inhibits the translocation of FoxO3a into the nucleus, thus inhibiting muscle atrophy in a calcium‐dependent manner. DSS initiated the protein–protein interaction between FoxO3a and PGC1α. The reduction of the PGC1α‐FoxO3a interaction by DG was restored by DSS. Also, DSS suppressed increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by DG. In animal models, DSS administration improved mouse muscle mass and physical performance (grip strength and hanging test) under DG‐induced accelerated aging conditions. These findings demonstrated that DSS attenuates muscle atrophy by inhibiting the expression of muscle atrophy‐related factors. Therefore, DSS may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of sarcopenia.
Maternal milk cell components are uptaken by infant liver macrophages via extracellular vesicle mediated transport
Authors: Doerfler Rose , Yerneni Saigopalakrishna , LoPresti Samuel , Chaudhary Namit , Newby Alexandra , Melamed Jilian R. , Malaney Angela , Whitehead Kathryn A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMilk is a multifaceted biofluid that is essential for infant nutrition and development, yet its cellular and bioactive components, particularly maternal milk cells, remain understudied. Early research on milk cells indicated that they cross the infant's intestinal barrier and accumulate within systemic organs. However, due to the absence of modern analytical techniques, these studies were limited in scope and mechanistic analysis. To overcome this knowledge gap, we have investigated the transintestinal transport of milk cells and components in pups over a 21‐day period. Studies employed a mT/mG foster nursing model in which milk cells express a membrane‐bound fluorophore, tdTomato. Using flow cytometry, we tracked the transport of milk cell‐derived components across local and systemic tissues, including the intestines, blood, thymus, mesenteric lymph nodes, and liver. These experiments identified milk‐derived fluorescent signals in intestinal epithelial and immune cells as well as liver macrophages in 7‐day‐old pups. However, the minute numbers of macrophages in mouse milk suggest that maternal cells are not systemically accumulating in the infant; instead, pup macrophages are consuming milk cell membrane components, such as apoptotic bodies or extracellular vesicles (EVs). Ex vivo experiments using primary macrophages support this hypothesis, showing that immune cells preferentially consumed EVs over milk cells. Together, these data suggest a more complex interplay between milk cells and the infant's immune and digestive systems than previously recognized and highlight the need for future research on the role of milk cells in infant health.