bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Environmental and Economic Potential of Kelp as Blue Carbon: Case of Hakodate, Japan
Authors: Tanaka Hajime , Huang Michael C. , Watanabe Atsushi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractKelp forests are a non-negligible blue carbon resource that has gained global attention as an ocean carbon source. In addition to the role of carbon storage, kelp forests have certain economic impact in Japan for a long time. However, the environmental and economic effects of kelp forests are not yet clear. Therefore, this chapter introduces the environmental and economic impacts of kelp forests in Hakodate City, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, as a case study. The study suggests promoting cultivation of kelp from both ecological and economic aspects by financial schemes for conservation and restoration of natural kelp.
Responses and Solutions to Irregular Migration: Detention and Deportation Versus Regularisation
Authors: Ambrosini Maurizio , Hajer Minke H. J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIrregular migrants lack the formal authorisation to reside in the country in which they live; therefore, they are at risk of being detained and deported. This chapter will examine the ways in which states respond to irregular migration. It will first consider the various forms of detention and removal of irregular migrants. Return policies for irregular migrants include forced deportation and (semi) voluntary return. The chapter will also discuss push-backs as forms of ‘pre-arrival deportation’, the time that irregular migrants spend in immigrant detention, and what happens after they have been deported. It will then explore the alternative solution, namely regularisation policies, discussing regularisation programmes, like mass amnesties, and regularisation mechanisms through which irregular migrants can regularise themselves on an individual basis.
Attainability and Lower Semi-continuity of the Relative Entropy of Entanglement and Variations on the Theme
Authors: Lami Ludovico , Shirokov Maksim E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe relative entropy of entanglement $$E_R$$

E
R

is defined as the distance of a multipartite quantum state from the set of separable states as measured by the quantum relative entropy. We show that this optimisation is always achieved, i.e. any state admits a closest separable state, even in infinite dimensions; also, $$E_R$$

E
R

is everywhere lower semi-continuous. We use this to derive a dual variational expression for $$E_R$$

E
R

in terms of an external supremum instead of infimum. These results, which seem to have gone unnoticed so far, hold not only for the relative entropy of entanglement and its multipartite generalisations, but also for many other similar resource quantifiers, such as the relative entropy of non-Gaussianity, of non-classicality, of Wigner negativity—more generally, all relative entropy distances from the sets of states with non-negative $$\lambda $$
λ
-quasi-probability distribution. The crucial hypothesis underpinning all these applications is the weak*-closedness of the cone generated by free states, and for this reason, the techniques we develop involve a bouquet of classical results from functional analysis. We complement our analysis by giving explicit and asymptotically tight continuity estimates for $$E_R$$

E
R

and closely related quantities in the presence of an energy constraint.
Analytical and numerical relaxation results for models in soil mechanics
Authors: Behr Florian , Dolzmann Georg , Hackl Klaus , Jezdan Ghina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA variational model of pressure-dependent plasticity employing a time-incremental setting is introduced. A novel formulation of the dissipation potential allows one to construct the condensed energy in a variationally consistent manner. For a one-dimensional model problem, an explicit expression for the quasiconvex envelope can be found which turns out to be essentially independent of the original pressure-dependent yield surface. The model problem can be extended to higher dimensions in an empirical manner. Numerical simulation exhibits well-posed behavior showing mesh-independent results.
A Family of Multipartite Entanglement Measures
Authors: Vrana Péter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe construct a family of additive entanglement measures for pure multipartite states. The family is parametrised by a simplex and interpolates between the Rényi entropies of the one-particle reduced states and the recently found universal spectral points (Christandl, Vrana, and Zuiddam, J of the AMS 2023) that serve as monotones for tensor degeneration.
Anatomy of the fetal membranes: insights from spinning disk confocal microscopy
Authors: Eichholz Hannah Marie , Cornelis Alissa , Wolf Benjamin , Grubitzsch Hanna , Friedrich Philip , Makky Ahmad , Aktas Bahriye , Käs Josef Alfons , Stepan Holger 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The fetal membranes are essential for the maintenance of pregnancy, and their integrity until parturition is critical for both fetal and maternal health. Preterm premature rupture of the membranes (pPROM) is known to be an indicator of preterm birth, but the underlying architectural and mechanical changes that lead to fetal membrane failure are not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to gain new insights into the anatomy of the fetal membrane and to establish a tissue processing and staining protocol suitable for future prospective cohort studies.

Methods
In this proof of principle study, we collected fetal membranes from women undergoing vaginal delivery or cesarean section. Small membrane sections were then fixed, stained for nucleic acids, actin, and collagen using fluorescent probes, and subsequently imaged in three dimensions using a spinning disk confocal microscope.

Results
Four fetal membranes of different types were successfully processed and imaged after establishing a suitable protocol. Cellular and nuclear outlines are clearly visible in all cases, especially in the uppermost membrane layer. Focal membrane (micro) fractures could be identified in several samples.

Conclusion
The presented method proves to be well suited to determine whether and how the occurrence of membrane (micro) fractures and cellular jamming correlate with the timing of membrane rupture and the mode of delivery. In future measurements, this method could be combined with mechanical probing techniques to compare optical and mechanical sample information.
SPOCK2 gene expression is downregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells and correlates with prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Aghamaliyev Ughur , Su Kaifeng , Weniger Maximilian , Koch Dominik , D‘Haese Jan G. , Werner Jens , Bazhin Alexandr V. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents a widespread form of malignant pancreatic neoplasms and a leading oncologic cause of death in Europe and the USA. Despite advances in understanding its molecular biology, the 5-year survival rate remains low at 10%. The extracellular matrix in PDAC contains proteins, including SPOCK2, which are essential for tumorigenicity and drug resistance. The present study aims to explore the possible role of SPOCK2 in the pathogenesis of PDAC.

Materials and methods
Expression of SPOCK2 was evaluated in 7 PDAC cell lines and 1 normal pancreatic cell line using quantitative RT-PCR. Demethylation of the gene was carried out using 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) treatment with subsequent validation Western Blot analysis. In vitro downregulation of SPOCK2 gene was performed using siRNA transfection. MTT and transwell assays were employed to evaluate the impact of the SPOK2 demethylation on the proliferation and migration of PDAC cells. KM Plotter was applied to analyze a correlation between SPOCK2 mRNA expression and the survival of PDAC patients.

Results
In contrast to the normal pancreatic cell line, SPOCK2 expression was significantly downregulated in PDAC cell lines. Treatment with 5-aza-dC, led to increase in SPOCK2 expression in the cell lines tested. Importantly, compared with control cells, transfected with SPOCK2 siRNA cells exhibited increased growth rates and more migration ability. Finally, we demonstrated that a high SPOCK2 expression level correlated with longer overall survival of patients with PDAC.

Conclusion
The expression of SPOCK2 is downregulated in PDAC as a result of hypermethylation of its corresponding gene. SPOCK2 expression as well as the demethylation of its gene could be a potential marker for PDAC.
A novel method for assessment of human midpalatal sutures using CBCT-based geometric morphometrics and complexity scores
Authors: Vassis Stratos , Bauss Oskar , Noeldeke Beatrice , Sefidroodi Mohammedreza , Stoustrup Peter 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Management of dentofacial deficiencies requires knowledge about sutural morphology and complexity. The present study assesses midpalatal sutural morphology based on human cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using geometric morphometrics (GMM) and complexity scores. The study is the first to apply a sutural complexity score to human CBCT datasets and demonstrates the potential such a score has to improve objectiveness and comparability when analysing the midpalatal suture.

Materials and methods
CBCTs of various age and sex groups were analysed retrospectively (n = 48). For the geometric morphometric analysis, landmark acquisition and generalised Procrustes superimposition were combined with principal component analysis to detect variability in sutural shape patterns. For complexity analysis, a windowed short-time Fourier transform with a power spectrum density (PSD) calculation was applied to resampled superimposed semi-landmarks.

Results
According to the GMM, younger patients exhibited comparable sutural patterns. With increasing age, the shape variation increased among the samples. The principal components did not sufficiently capture complexity patterns, so an additional methodology was applied to assess characteristics such as sutural interdigitation. According to the complexity analysis, the average PSD complexity score was 1.465 (standard deviation = 0.010). Suture complexity increased with patient age (p < 0.0001), but was not influenced by sex (p = 0.588). The intra-class correlation coefficient exceeded 0.9, indicating intra-rater reliability.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that GMM applied to human CBCTs can reveal shape variations and allow the comparison of sutural morphologies across samples. We demonstrate that complexity scores can be applied to study human sutures captured in CBCTs and complement GMM for a comprehensive sutural analysis.
The case for score voting
Authors: Smith Warren D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractScore voting (also called range voting) uses a ratings ballot. Each voter assigns (to as many candidates as she wishes) a number in a specified range. Greatest average score wins. Two main lines of evidence show score voting is a good decision-making method: biology and computer simulation. Honeybees achieved evolutionary success by annually deciding their new hive location via score voting. Some ants also use score voting. Computer simulations have been used to compare score versus other election methods by the criterion of Bayesian regret (BR), i.e. the expected value of the avoidable human unhappiness caused by an action—in this case the use of an election method. Score voting consistently outperforms other election methods measured by BR. Score voting also is among the simplest voting methods.
Effectiveness of pesticide stakeholders’ information on pesticide handling knowledge and behaviour of smallholder farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Madaki Mustapha Yakubu , Lehberger Mira , Bavorova Miroslava , Igbasan Boluwatife Teniola , Kächele Harald 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough pesticides ensure the quality and quantity of agricultural produce, they have adverse effects on farmers, their families, and consumers. Therefore, in order to reduce the unpleasant effects of pesticide use, stakeholders would be well advised to extend guidance and precautions to end users. The objective of this study was to determine the pesticide handling behaviour and the effectiveness of pesticide information on pesticide handling knowledge and personal protective equipment (PPE) use among farmers in southwest Nigeria. One hundred and fifty-six farmers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire in December 2019 and January 2020. The results revealed that a one-third of the farmers dispose their pesticide residues on the field, only 3% of the farmers dispose the hazardous pesticide waste at a collection point, and 65% of them dispose the empty containers indiscriminately. The majority of farmers never use respirators (79%), hats (60%), and boots (57%) when applying pesticides. Knowledge of pesticide application and waste management is low (58% of respondents scored less than 10 on a knowledge scale of 0–14). The result of the regression model shows that information from pesticide labels and farmer-to-farmer exchanges significantly increase farmers’ knowledge of pesticide handling and PPE use. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of current information provision to smallholder farmers on the correct use of pesticides is not sufficient. Therefore, we highlight the need for pesticide companies, distributors, and government agencies to intensify and further develop their efforts to empower smallholder farmers to improve their knowledge and use of pesticides.
Employment Insecurity and Material Deprivation in Families with Children in the Post-Great Recession Period: An Analysis for Spain and Portugal
Authors: Pérez-Corral Antonio L. , Bastos Amélia , Casaca Sara Falcão 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between household employment insecurity and the risk of children's exposure to household material deprivation in Spain and Portugal. Specifically, using EU-SILC microdata for 2012, 2016 and 2020, it examines how this relationship evolved during the Post-Great Recession period. Although in both countries there was an improvement in the employment situation of individuals and families after the Great Recession, the main findings reflect an increase in the risk of children's exposure to material deprivation in households where no adults have a secure job. However, there are some differences between the two countries. In the case of Spain, the results seem to indicate that the incidence of household employment insecurity on material deprivation was higher in 2016 and 2020 than in 2012. In Portugal, the increase in the effect of employment insecurity on deprivation seems to have occurred only in 2020, the year the Covid-19 pandemic began.
Refractory high-entropy nanoalloys with exceptional high-temperature stability and enhanced sinterability
Authors: Qin Mingde , Shivakumar Sashank , Luo Jian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNanocrystalline alloys (nanoalloys) are prone to grain growth. It is known that grain boundary segregation and precipitation can stabilize nanoalloys, but the stabilization becomes less effective at high temperatures and adding grain growth inhibitors often reduces sinterability. Herein, we have simultaneously achieved exceptional high-temperature stability and improved sinterability for a class of TiNbMoTaW-based refractory high-entropy nanoalloys (RHENs). Bulk pellets of RHENs were fabricated through ball milling and spark plasma sintering, achieving 93–96% relative densities with 50–100 nm grain sizes for three compositions. For example, Ti17.8Nb17.8Mo17.8Ta17.8W17.8Ni6Zr5 sintered at 1300 °C attained ~ 96% relative density with ~ 55 nm mean grain size. Moreover, these RHENs exhibited exceptional stability at 1300 °C. Both Ti17.8Nb17.8Mo17.8Ta17.8W17.8Ni6Zr5 and Ti18.8Nb18.8Mo18.8Ta18.8W18.8Ni6 retained < 150 nm grain sizes after five hours annealing at 1300 °C. Notably, the addition of Ni, a well-known sintering aid for activated sintering of refractory metals such as W and Mo, in high-entropy TiNbMoTaW can promote sintering while maintaining high-temperature stability against rapid grain growth. This may be explained by hypothesized high-entropy grain boundary (HEGB) effects, while we recognize the possible (additional) effects of compositional inhomogeneity and secondary phase (Zener) pinning. These RHENs possess some of the highest temperature stability achieved for nanoalloys and ultrafine-grained metals.
Almost Robinson geometries
Authors: Fino Anna , Leistner Thomas , Taghavi-Chabert Arman 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe investigate the geometry of almost Robinson manifolds, Lorentzian analogues of almost Hermitian manifolds, defined by Nurowski and Trautman as Lorentzian manifolds of even dimension equipped with a totally null complex distribution of maximal rank. Associated to such a structure, there is a congruence of null curves, which, in dimension four, is geodesic and non-shearing if and only if the complex distribution is involutive. Under suitable conditions, the distribution gives rise to an almost Cauchy–Riemann structure on the leaf space of the congruence. We give a comprehensive classification of such manifolds on the basis of their intrinsic torsion. This includes an investigation of the relation between an almost Robinson structure and the geometric properties of the leaf space of its congruence. We also obtain conformally invariant properties of such a structure, and we finally study an analogue of so-called generalised optical geometries as introduced by Robinson and Trautman.
Saliva-based detection of SARS-CoV-2: a bibliometric analysis of global research
Authors: Zhou Chun , Cai Zhaopin , Jin Boxing , Lin Huisong , Xu Lingling , Jin Zhigang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSaliva has emerged as a promising noninvasive biofluid for the diagnosis of oral and systemic diseases, including viral infections. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a growing number of studies focused on saliva-based detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Taking advantage of the WoS core collection (WoSCC) and CiteSpace, we retrieved 1021 articles related to saliva-based detection of SARS-CoV-2 and conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. We analyzed countries, institutions, authors, cited authors, and cited journals to summarize their contribution and influence and analyzed keywords to explore research hotspots and trends. From 2020 to 2021, research focused on viral transmission via saliva and verification of saliva as a reliable specimen, whereas from 2021 to the present, the focus of research has switched to saliva-based biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection. By far, saliva has been verified as a reliable specimen for SARS-CoV-2 detection, although a standardized procedure for saliva sampling and processing is needed. Studies on saliva-based detection of SARS-CoV-2 will promote the development of saliva-based diagnostics and biosensors for viral detection. Collectively, our findings could provide valuable information to help scientists perceive the basic knowledge landscapes on saliva-based detection of SARS-CoV-2, the past and current research hotspots, and future opportunities.
Role of the interaction between troponin T and AMP deaminase by zinc bridge in modulating muscle contraction and ammonia production
Authors: Ronca Francesca , Raggi Antonio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe N-terminal region of troponin T (TnT) does not bind any protein of the contractile machinery and the role of its hypervariability remains uncertain. In this review we report the evidence of the interaction between TnT and AMP deaminase (AMPD), a regulated zinc enzyme localized on the myofibril. In periods of intense muscular activity, a decrease in the ATP/ADP ratio, together with a decrease in the tissue pH, is the stimulus for the activation of the enzyme that deaminating AMP to IMP and NH3 displaces the myokinase reaction towards the formation of ATP. In skeletal muscle subjected to strong tetanic contractions, a calpain-like proteolytic activity produces the removal in vivo of a 97-residue N-terminal fragment from the enzyme that becomes desensitized towards the inhibition by ATP, leading to an unrestrained production of NH3. When a 95-residue N-terminal fragment is removed from AMPD by trypsin, simulating in vitro the calpain action, rabbit fast TnT or its phosphorylated 50-residue N-terminal peptide binds AMPD restoring the inhibition by ATP. Taking in consideration that the N-terminus of TnT expressed in human as well as rabbit white muscle contains a zinc-binding motif, we suggest that TnT might mimic the regulatory action of the inhibitory N-terminal domain of AMPD due to the presence of a zinc ion connecting the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of the enzyme, indicating that the two proteins might physiologically associate to modulate muscle contraction and ammonia production in fast-twitching muscle under strenuous conditions.
Extending self-determination theory’s dual-process model to a new tripartite model to explain diminished functioning
Authors: Reeve Johnmarshall , Jang Hye-Ryen , Cheon Sung Hyeon , Moss Jennifer D. , Ko HeeRa , Jang Hyungshim 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn a three-study investigation, we pursued three purposes: (1) extend self-determination theory’s dual-process model to a new tripartite model—to recognize that environmental conditions sometimes render a psychological need dormant; (2) better explain adolescents’ diminished functioning; and (3) develop the Three States Questionnaire (TSQ). In Study 1, 402 high schoolers reported the satisfied, frustrated, and dormant state of their psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) during classroom instruction to develop the TSQ. In Study 2, 320 high schoolers reported their satisfied, frustrated, and dormant states as well as 17 indicators of their effective, defiant, and diminished classroom functioning. The TSQ showed excellent psychometric properties, and the predictive power of the tripartite model was superior to that of the dual-process model in the prediction of all five indicators of diminished functioning (e.g., disengagement). In Study 3, 457 high schoolers’ perceived teachers’ motivating styles (supporting, controlling, and neglecting) predicted their three need states (satisfied, frustrated, and dormant), which predicted the quality of their classroom functioning (effective, defiant, and diminished). Overall, the dormant state was distinct from the other two states, it uniquely explained diminished functioning, and the tripartite model out-predicted the dual-process model.