bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the Source Regions of Solar Energetic Particles Using an AI-generated Synchronic Potential Field Source Surface Model
Authors: Park Jinhye , Jeong Hyun-Jin , Moon Yong-Jae 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We study the source regions of six solar energetic particle (SEP) events accelerated near or behind the limbs of the Sun. We use AI-generated farside magnetograms at a near real-time basis developed by Jeong et al. and AIHMI-PFSS extrapolations up to 2.5R
⊙ computed using the input of the synchronic data combining AI-generated farside and HMI magnetograms. By comparing the AIHMI, HMI, Global Oscillations Network Group (GONG) synoptic magnetograms, and Air force Data Assimilative Photospheric flux Transport synchronic magnetograms, as well as the PFSS extrapolations, we find interesting differences between them in view of SEP source regions and magnetic field configurations. First, the structures and sizes of the source active regions (ARs) are changed. The total unsigned magnetic field fluxes of the ARs are mostly stronger in the AIHMI than in the HMI and GONG magnetograms. Second, newly emerging ARs are observed in the SEP source regions in the AIHMI magnetograms for two events. Third, the alterations in the magnetic flux, the emergence, and the dissipation of ARs lead to modifications in the locations of the global polarity inversion lines (PILs). The EUV wave propagation is typically observed to be oriented nearly perpendicular with respect to the local PIL, suggesting that the AIHMI-PFSS extrapolations around the source region are more realistic. This study shows that the continuous farside evolution of AR magnetic fields, which is accomplished by our AI synchronic magnetograms, can lead to an improved understanding of SEP source ARs.
Origin of Low-26Al/27Al Corundum/Hibonite Inclusions in Meteorites
Authors: Desch Steven J. , Dunham Emilie T. , Herbst Ashley K. , Unterborn Cayman T. , Sharp Thomas G. , Bose Maitrayee , Mane Prajkta , Williams Curtis D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Most meteoritic calcium-rich, aluminum-rich inclusions formed from a reservoir with 26Al/27Al ≈ 5 × 10−5, but some record lower

(

26

Al

/

27

Al
)

0

, demanding they sampled a reservoir without live 26Al. This has been interpreted as evidence for “late injection” of supernova material into our protoplanetary disk. We instead interpret the heterogeneity as chemical, demonstrating that these inclusions are strongly associated with the refractory phases corundum or hibonite. We name them “low-26Al/27Al corundum/hibonite inclusions” (LAACHIs). We present a detailed astrophysical model for LAACHI formation in which they derive their Al from presolar corundum, spinel, or hibonite grains 0.5–2 μm in size with no live 26Al; live 26Al is carried on smaller (<50 nm) presolar chromium spinel grains from recent nearby Wolf–Rayet stars or supernovae. In hot (≈1350–1425 K) regions of the disk, these grains and perovskite grains would be the only survivors. These negatively charged grains would grow to sizes 1–103
μm, even incorporating positively charged perovskite grains, but not the small, negatively charged 26Al-bearing grains. Chemical and isotopic fractionations due to grain charging was a significant process in hot regions of the disk. Our model explains the sizes, compositions, oxygen isotopic signatures, and the large, correlated 48Ca and 50Ti anomalies (if carried by presolar perovskite) of LAACHIs, and especially how they incorporated no 26Al in a solar nebula with uniform, canonical 26Al/27Al. A late injection of supernova material is obviated, although formation of the Sun in a high-mass star-forming region is demanded.
Absorption of Gamma-Ray Burst X-Ray Afterglows by the Missing Baryons: Confronting Observations with Cosmological Simulations
Authors: Grauer Matan , Behar Ehud 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A large fraction of the baryons at low redshift are undetected and likely reside in the tenuous, hot intergalactic medium (IGM). One way to probe the missing baryons is through their absorption of bright sources. The anomalous absorption excess in the X-ray afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has been suggested to result from the missing baryons. In order to test this hypothesis, the present paper employs IllustrisTNG simulations to compute the X-ray absorption effect on cosmological distances. The simulation shows that ionization of H and He in the IGM leaves the metals responsible for >60% of the X-ray opacity of high-z sources. The high-z asymptotic optical depth at 0.5 keV in the simulation reaches 0.15 ± 0.07, while the GRB afterglow values tend to ≈0.4, implying that the missing baryons can account for a significant fraction of the observed opacity. The remaining discrepancy is ascribed mainly to the low average metallicity in the simulation, which drops from 0.06 solar at z = 0 to 0.01 at z = 3, and which is below previously measured values.
On the Tidal Capture of White Dwarfs by Intermediate-mass Black Holes in Dense Stellar Environments
Authors: Ye Claire S. , Fragione Giacomo , Perna Rosalba 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) are the missing link between stellar-mass and supermassive black holes, widely believed to reside in at least some dense star clusters, but not yet observed directly. Tidal disruptions of white dwarfs (WDs) are luminous only for black holes less massive than ∼105
M
⊙, therefore providing a unique smoking gun that could finally prove the existence of IMBHs beyond any reasonable doubt. Here, we investigate the tidal captures of WDs by IMBHs in dense star clusters, and estimate upper limits to the capture rates of ∼1 Myr−1 for galactic nuclei and ∼0.01 Myr−1 for globular clusters. Following the capture, the WD inspirals onto the IMBH, producing gravitational waves detectable out to ∼100 Mpc by LISA for ∼104
M
⊙ IMBHs. The subsequent tidal stripping/disruption of the WD can also release bright X-ray and gamma-ray emission with luminosities of at least ≳1040 erg s−1, detectable by Chandra, Swift, and upcoming telescopes, such as the Einstein Probe.
Subarcsecond-resolution Imaging of M51 with the International LOFAR Telescope
Authors: Venkattu Deepika , Lundqvist Peter , Torres Miguel Pérez , Morabito Leah , Moldón Javier , Conway John , Chandra Poonam , Tasse Cyril 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We present an International LOFAR Telescope (ILT) subarcsecond-resolution image of the nearby galaxy M51 with a beam size of 0.″436 × 0.″366 and rms of 46 μJy. We compare this image with a European VLBI Network study of M51 and discuss the supernovae in this galaxy, which have not yet been probed at these low radio frequencies. We find a flux density of 0.97 mJy for SN 2011dh in the ILT image, which is about five times smaller than the flux density reported by the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) at 6″ resolution using the same data set without the international stations. This difference makes evident the need for LOFAR international baselines to reliably obtain flux density measurements of compact objects in nearby galaxies. Our LOFAR flux density measurement of SN 2011dh directly translates into fitting the radio light curves for the supernova and constraining the mass-loss rates of the progenitor star. We do not detect two other supernovae in the same galaxy, SN 1994I and SN 2005cs, and our observations place limits on the evolution of both supernovae at radio wavelengths. We also discuss the radio emission from the center of M51, in which we detect the active galactic nucleus and other parts of the nuclear emission in the galaxy, with a possible detection of Component N. We discuss a few other sources, including the detection of a high-mass X-ray binary not detected by LoTSS but with a flux density in the ILT image that matches well with higher-frequency catalogs.
Comparing Globular Cluster System Properties with Host Galaxy Environment*
Authors: Hartman Kate , Harris William E. , Blakeslee John P. , Ma Chung-Pei , Greene Jenny E. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We present Hubble Space Telescope photometry in the optical (F475X) and near-infrared (F110W) bands of the globular cluster (GC) systems of the inner halos of a sample of 15 massive elliptical galaxies. The targets are selected from the volume-limited MASSIVE survey, and chosen to sample a range of environments from sparsely populated groups to the brightest cluster galaxies in dense clusters. We also present a quantitative model of the relation between (F475X − F110W) color and cluster metallicity [M/H], using simulated GCs. Because much of the GC population in such galaxies is built up through accretion, the metallicity distribution of the GC systems might be expected to vary with galaxy environment. The photometry is used to create a completeness-corrected metallicity distribution for each galaxy in the sample, and to fit a double Gaussian curve to each histogram in order to model the two standard red and blue subpopulations. Finally, the properties of the GC metallicity distribution are correlated against galaxy environment. We find that almost no GCS properties and host galaxy environmental properties are correlated, with the exception of a weak but consistent correlation between blue fraction and nth-nearest-neighbor surface density. The results suggest that the systemic properties of the GC systems, at least in the inner to midhalo regions, are influenced more strongly by the local environment at early times, rather than by the environmental properties we see today.
Detection Prospects of Fast-merging Gravitational Wave Sources in M31
Authors: He Jian-Guo , Shao Yong , Gao Shi-Jie , Li Xiang-Dong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
It is widely accepted that quite a number of double compact objects (DCOs) in the Milky Way can be identified by future space-based gravitational wave (GW) detectors, while systematic investigations on the detection of the GW sources in nearby galaxies are still lacking. In this paper, we present calculations of potential populations of GW sources for all types of DCOs in the Local Group galaxy M31. For M31, we use an age-dependent model for the evolution of the metallicity and the star formation rate. By varying assumptions of common-envelope ejection efficiencies and supernova-explosion mechanisms during binary evolution, we make predictions on the properties of DCOs that can be detected by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Our calculations indicate that a few (a dozen) DCOs are likely to be observed by LISA during its 4 (10) yr mission. We expect that the sources with black hole components are more likely to be first identified during a 4 yr mission since these binaries have relatively large chirp masses, while the systems with white-dwarf components dominate the overall population of detectable GW sources during a 10 yr mission. LISA can only detect very tight fast-merging systems in M31, corresponding to the peak of orbital period distribution from ∼2 minutes for double white dwarfs to ∼20 minutes for double black holes.
The Role of Natal Kicks in Forming Asymmetric Compact Binary Mergers
Authors: Oh Madeline , Fishbach Maya , Kimball Chase , Kalogera Vicky , Ye Christine 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In their most recent observing run, the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration observed gravitational waves from compact binary mergers with highly asymmetric mass ratios, including both binary black holes (BBHs) and neutron star-black holes (NSBHs). It appears that NSBHs with mass ratios q ≃ 0.2 are more common than equally asymmetric BBHs, but the reason for this remains unclear. We use the binary population synthesis code cosmic to investigate the evolutionary pathways leading to the formation and merger of asymmetric compact binaries. We find that within the context of isolated binary stellar evolution, most asymmetric mergers start off as asymmetric stellar binaries. Because of the initial asymmetry, these systems tend to first undergo a dynamically unstable mass transfer phase. However, after the first star collapses into a compact object, the mass ratio is close to unity and the second phase of mass transfer is usually stable. According to our simulations, this stable mass transfer fails to shrink the orbit enough on its own for the system to merge. Instead, the natal kick received by the second-born compact object during its collapse is key in determining how many of these systems can merge. For the most asymmetric systems with mass ratios of q ≤ 0.1, the merging systems in our models receive an average kick magnitude of 255 km s−1 during the second collapse, while the average kick for non-merging systems is 59 km s−1. Because lower mass compact objects, like neutron stars, are expected to receive larger natal kicks than higher mass BHs, this may explain why asymmetric NSBH systems merge more frequently than asymmetric BBH systems.
Understanding the Deflection of the “Cartwheel CME”: Data Analysis and Modeling
Authors: Sahade Abril , Vourlidas Angelos , Balmaceda Laura A. , Cécere Mariana 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We study the low corona evolution of the “Cartwheel” coronal mass ejection (CME; 2008 April 9) by reconstructing its three-dimensional path and modeling it with magnetohydrodynamic simulations. This event exhibited a double deflection that has been reported and analyzed in previous works but whose underlying cause remained unclear. The Cartwheel CME traveled toward a coronal hole (CH) and against the magnetic gradients. Using a high-cadence, full-trajectory reconstruction, we accurately determine the location of the magnetic flux rope (MFR) and, consequently, the magnetic environment in which it is immersed. We find a pseudostreamer (PS) structure whose null point may be responsible for the complex evolution of the MFR at the initial phase. From the preeruptive magnetic field reconstruction, we estimate the dynamic forces acting on the MFR and provide a new physical insight into the motion exhibited by the 2008 April 9 event. By setting up a similar magnetic configuration in a 2.5D numerical simulation we are able to reproduce the observed behavior, confirming the importance of the PS null point. We find that the magnetic forces directed toward the null point cause the first deflection, directing the MFR toward the CH. Later, the magnetic pressure gradient of the CH produces the reversal motion of the MFR.
Revisiting the Oldest Stars as Cosmological Probes: New Constraints on the Hubble Constant
Authors: Cimatti Andrea , Moresco Michele 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Despite the tremendous advance of observational cosmology, the value of the Hubble constant (H
0) is still controversial (the so-called “Hubble tension”) because of the inconsistency between local/late-time measurements and those derived from the cosmic microwave background. As the age of the Universe is very sensitive to H
0, we explored whether the present-day oldest stars could place independent constraints on the Hubble constant. To this purpose, we selected from the literature the oldest objects (globular clusters, stars, white dwarfs, and ultrafaint and dwarf spheroidal galaxies) with accurate age estimates. Adopting a conservative prior on their formation redshifts (11 ≤ z
f ≤ 30) and assuming Ω
M
= 0.3 ± 0.02, we developed a method based on Bayesian statistics to estimate the Hubble constant. We selected the oldest objects (>13.3 Gyr) and estimated H
0 both for each of them individually and for the average ages of homogeneous subsamples. Statistical and systematic uncertainties were properly taken into account. The constraints based on individual ages indicate that H
0 < 70.6 km s−1 Mpc−1 when selecting the most accurate estimates. If the ages are averaged and analyzed independently for each subsample, the most stringent constraints imply H
0 < 73.0 km s−1 Mpc−1 with a probability of 90.3% and errors around 2.5 km s−1 Mpc−1. We also constructed an “accuracy matrix” to assess how the constraints on H
0 become more stringent with further improvements in the accuracy of stellar ages and Ω
M
. The results show the great potential of the oldest stars as independent and competitive cosmological probes not limited to just the Hubble constant.
Public Service Announcements: An Innovative Strategy for Introducing Competencies in Population Health
Authors: Kruse Julie A. , Hays Deana 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Teaching health concepts using a variety of strategies has been shown to enhance students' critical thinking skills and learning outcomes. Educational strategies highlighting the effects of social determinants of health (SDOH) on communities and populations are considered essential nursing curricula by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing.

Method:
A public service announcement (PSA) assignment was developed and implemented for a community nursing course with approximately 100 students.

Results:
The PSA assignment was a multifaceted project that incorporated knowledge development (e.g., public health topics, group dynamics, and SDOH factors) as well as skill development (e.g., navigating web-based databases, creating an annotative bibliography, designing developmentally and culturally appropriate educational messages, and conducting self-evaluation and peer-evaluation).

Conclusion:

This assignment allowed faculty to assess 28 subcompetencies of student learning and provided students with the opportunity to explore a population health issue that considered cultural, developmental, and social determinants of health needs.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2023;62(11):650–652.]
Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis with Prevalent IgA Deposition Associated with Psoriasis
Authors: Patel Sujit , Patel Himanshu , Kunpara Janmejay , Bhalodiya Ronak , Shah Jainam , Patwari Devang , Darji Prakash 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Fibrillary and immunotactoid glomerulonephritis represent the pathological entities characterized by structured fibrillary/microtubular deposits, whose identification is possible only by electron microscopy. We report a 46-year-old female who presented with proteinuria 15 years after the onset of psoriasis. Diffuse global glomerulosclerosis pattern was noted on light microscopy. In immunofluorescence microscopy, predominant IgA deposition was observed and electron microscopy showed organized randomly arranged fibrillary deposits with diameter ranging between 10 and 23 nm in mesangial, subendothelial, intramembranous, and subepithelial sites.
Correlation of Core Muscle Strength with Urge Incontinence in Menopausal Women: An Observational Study
Authors: Bulbuli Ashwini , Mainuddin Javiriya 
Published: August 2023

Context:
Urogenital tract problems faced by menopausal women are of concern among which urinary incontinence is majorly considered, with the prevalence of 27.66% of urge incontinence affecting the quality of life and has significant cost implications. The core, including abdominal muscles as well as pelvic floor muscles, plays a critical role in continence maintenance. Urinary incontinence is caused by the weakness of these muscles in menopausal women.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to establish the correlation between the quality and quantity of core muscle strength in menopausal women with urge incontinence.

Settings and Design:
This is a correlational study conducted in a tertiary health-care center.

Materials and Methods:
The present study consisted of 50 volunteered women of age group 45 years and above. The participants were recruited by screening with the help of the Patient Perception of Intensity of Urgency Scale and were given the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ) and core strength was quantified using pressure biofeedback unit (PBU).

Statistical Analysis:
Pearson’s correlation was used to establish the association between urge incontinence and core muscle strength.

Results:
Pearson’s correlation revealed a significant correlation between the core strength in relation to urge incontinence in menopausal women with nonlinear association where PBU (P = 0.022*) and ICIQ (P = 0.001*) were found.

Conclusion:
According to the findings, the present study showed a significant correlation between menopausal age and core muscle strength and hence concluded that the correlation of core muscle strength with urge incontinence in menopausal women.
SLD with and without ADHD: Comparison of cognitive profiles
Authors: Verma Nitisha , Pawar Kalpana D. , Shah Henal R. , Shelke Swati B. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
A quarter of children with Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) have a comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which impacts the testing of intelligence. ADHD is therefore treated before proceeding with the assessment of intelligence. It is expected that the treatment of ADHD will mitigate its effects on intelligence testing. Though this is frequently done in clinical practice, we could not find any study comparing IQ profiles of children having SLD with and without ADHD after treating ADHD to look for any changes between them. Therefore, we planned this study to compare the cognitive profiles of children having SLD with and without ADHD and describe any difference in their profiles. It was a retrospective cross-sectional study. We compared 695 children having SLD with treated ADHD to 721 children having SLD without ADHD on their WISC III profiles. We found that children having SLD with treated ADHD scored significantly lower on Digit Span and Coding. We suggest routine use of Cognitive Working Memory Training, peer tutoring, and task modifications in children having SLD with ADHD along with medicines and remedial education for better outcomes.