bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of multiomic data identifies core-module of inherited-retinal diseases
Authors: Singh Ajeet , Ratnapriya Rinki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Human diseases with similar phenotypes can be interconnected through shared biological pathways, genes, or molecular mechanisms. Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) cause photoreceptor dysfunction due to mutations in approximately 300 genes, affecting visual transduction, photoreceptor morphogenesis, and transcription factors, suggesting common pathobiological mechanisms. This study examined the functional relationship between known IRDs genes by integrating binding sites and gene expression data from the key photoreceptor transcription factors (TFs), Crx and Nrl. We show that the targets of these TFs were enriched in IRDs causal genes. Co-expression network analysis revealed that IRD-centric networks were disrupted when Crx and Nrl were knocked out. Finally, we identified a highly connected core module comprising 14 IRD and 39 target genes, of which 29 were dysregulated in the rod photoreceptors of the four IRD mouse models. These findings offer a network-based interpretation of IRDs, aiding in the identification of common mechanisms, prioritizing genes for novel disease gene identification, and informing the development of gene-agnostic therapies for IRDs.
Variability in Vaccine Response and Trajectory in Early Childhood and Association with Demographic Variables, Antibiotic Exposure and Infection Proneness
Authors: Pichichero Michael E , Gonzalez Eduardo , Cox Andrew , Thayer Terri C , Bajorski Peter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
We sought to explore the variability of antibody responses to multiple vaccines during early life in individual children, assess the trajectory of each child longitudinally, determine the associations of demographic variables and antibiotic exposures with vaccine-induced immunity, and link vaccine responsiveness to infection proneness.

Methods
In 357 prospectively-recruited children, age six through 36 months, antibody levels to 13 routine vaccine antigens were measured in sera at multiple time points and normalized to their respective protective thresholds to categorize children into four groups: very low, low, normal, and high vaccine responder. Demographic variables and frequency of antibiotic exposure data were collected. Participants were followed to determine change in vaccine groups over time and occurrences of infections.

Results
Vaccine-induced antibody levels persisted over time as very low, low, normal, or high in individual children and changed post-primary through post-booster immunizations against multiple antigen types, including toxoids, purified proteins, polysaccharide-protein conjugates, recombinant proteins and inactivated viruses. Factors influencing persistence or change in vaccine response group were assessed. Children who did not attend day care and African American/multiracial children had higher vaccine-induced antibody levels than White children. Children with lower vaccine-induced antibody levels had more frequent antibiotic exposures. Low vaccine responsiveness was linked to more frequent antibiotic-treated bacterial infections.

Conclusion
When vaccine-induced antibody levels are used to define vaccine response groups, individual children may persist or change groups over time, which is associated with demographic variables and influenced by antibiotic exposures. Lower vaccine responsiveness can be linked to more frequent antibiotic-treated bacterial infections.
The pathogenicity traits of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli O25-ST131 associated with avian colibacillosis in Georgia poultry and their genotypic and phenotypic overlap with other extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli
Authors: Runcharoon Klao , Favro Margaret E , Logue Catherine M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
To characterize Escherichia coli O25 ST131 (O25-ST131) isolated from Georgia poultry—a “global high-risk” clonal strain.

Methods and results
Using multiplex PCR to detect target genes in 98 isolates of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) O25 recovered from avians diagnosed with colibacillosis (n = 87) and healthy chicks (n = 11) in Georgia, USA. Eighty-eight isolates were classified as sequence type ST131 clade b and 56% (n = 49) belong to the phylogenetic group B2. Overall, 17% were identified as uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC)–like and 94% of the isolates formed strong to moderate biofilms. The extended-spectrum β-lactamases encoding genes, blaCTX M-15 (24%), carbapenemases encoding genes, and blaOXA48 (16%) were also detected. The isolates harbored FIB (88%), FIC (28%), A/C (14%), and FIIA (6%) plasmid replicons. Interestingly, 78% of the isolates were found to be resistant to chicken serum and 92% showed capabilities for growth in human urine. The isolates showed phenotypic resistance to several antibiotics including chloramphenicol (63%), ciprofloxacin (57%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (28%), streptomycin (17%), and cefoxitin and meropenem (14%) using the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system panel.

Conclusions
Overall, our study provides evidence of the virulence of these global “high-risk” clones in Georgia poultry with some isolates showing genotypic overlap between APEC and UPEC. Also, this clone harbored several virulence genes, antimicrobial-resistant genes, and plasmids. Interestingly, the majority of APEC O25-ST131 isolates can survive and grow in both chicken serum and human urine and warrant further investigation of their potential pathogenicity for both chickens and humans.
The effect of a combined mHealth and community health worker intervention on HIV self-management
Authors: Dos Santos Fabiana Cristina , Batey D Scott , Kay Emma S , Jia Haomiao , Wood Olivia R , Abua Joseph A , Olender Susan A , Schnall Rebecca 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
To identify demographic, social, and clinical factors associated with HIV self-management and evaluate whether the CHAMPS intervention is associated with changes in an individual’s HIV self-management.

Method
This study was a secondary data analysis from a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of the CHAMPS, a mHealth intervention with community health worker sessions, on HIV self-management in New York City (NYC) and Birmingham. Group comparisons and linear regression analyses identified demographic, social, and clinical factors associated with HIV self-management. We calculated interactions between groups (CHAMPS intervention and standard of care) over time (6 and 12 months) following the baseline observation, indicating a difference in the outcome scores from baseline to each time across groups.

Results
Our findings indicate that missing medical appointments, uncertainty about accessing care, and lack of adherence to antiretroviral therapy are associated with lower HIV self-management. For the NYC site, the CHAMPS showed a statistically significant positive effect on daily HIV self-management (estimate = 0.149, SE = 0.069, 95% CI [0.018 to 0.289]). However, no significant effects were observed for social support or the chronic nature of HIV self-management. At the Birmingham site, the CHAMPS did not yield statistically significant effects on HIV self-management outcomes.

Discussion
Our study suggests that CHAMPS intervention enhances daily self-management activities for people with HIV at the NYC site, indicating a promising improvement in routine HIV care.

Conclusion
Further research is necessary to explore how various factors influence HIV self-management over time across different regions.
Intuitive and feasible geometric representation of airfoil using variational autoencoder
Authors: Kang Yu-Eop , Lee Dawoon , Yee Kwanjung 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Airfoil shape optimization is crucial for improving aerodynamic performance in advanced aircraft designs. Given the extensive functional evaluations required for optimization, surrogate modeling is widely used to alleviate computational burden. However, greater flexibility in airfoil parameterization often requires a larger number of design variables, leading to the challenge known as the curse of dimensionality in surrogate modeling. In recent years, generative models such as generative adversarial networks and variational autoencoders have shown potential to represent large design spaces with compact design variables. However, these models still exhibit limited feasibility and intuitiveness due to their high model capacity, which in turn degrades the efficiency of design optimization. To address this issue, we have developed a novel airfoil parameterization method using a variational autoencoder. The proposed method improves feasibility by using architecture modeling to separate the generation of thickness and camber distributions, resulting in smooth and nonintersecting airfoils. It also improves intuitiveness by using a physics loss function that aligns latent dimensions with geometric features of the airfoils. Notably, extensive comparative analyses validate the effectiveness of our method in terms of flexibility, parsimony, feasibility, and intuitiveness, leading to increased efficiency in aerodynamic design optimization.
Disparities in cervical cancer elimination time frames in the United States: a comparative modeling study
Authors: Burger Emily A , Jansen Erik E L , de Bondt Daniël , Killen James , Spencer Jennifer C , Regan Mary Caroline , Smith Megan A , Sy Stephen , Canfell Karen , de Kok Inge M C M , Kim Jane J , Hontelez Jan A C 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Population-level estimates in time frames for reaching cervical cancer elimination (ie, &lt;4 cases per 100 000 women) in the United States may mask potential disparities in achieving elimination among subpopulations. We used 3 independent Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network models to estimate differences in the time to cervical cancer elimination across 7 strata of correlated screening and human papillomavirus vaccination uptake, based on national survey data. Compared with the average population, elimination was achieved at least 22 years earlier for the high-uptake strata and at least 27 years later for the most extreme low-uptake strata. Accounting for correlated uptake impacted the population average time frame by no more than 1 year. Consequently, national average elimination time frames mask substantial disparities in reaching elimination among subpopulations. Addressing inequalities in cervical cancer control could shorten elimination time frames and would ensure more equitable elimination across populations. Furthermore, country-level elimination monitoring could be supplemented by monitoring progress in subpopulations.
Arab domination and fiscal tensions in the Delta under the Marwānids: An official investigation regarding the punishment of a reluctant taxpayer
Authors: Maghraby Ahmed Nabil , Tillier Mathieu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
From the end of the seventh century CE, Egypt was increasingly destabilised by taxpayer protests, which culminated in significant armed revolts in the following century. In this article, we present the edition, translation, and analysis of papyrus P. Utah Inv. 114 that uniquely documents an incident in the northern Delta, dating to the late seventh or the early eighth century CE. The death of a taxpayer, at the hands of a Christian official in a case of tax evasion, triggered an administrative investigation by the Arab-Muslim authorities. The resulting report not only shows how local authorities addressed cases of tax resistance, but offers new insights into the legal procedures implemented by provincial authorities. The document also allows for a better understanding of Arabic administrative terminology. Finally, it contains the earliest recorded use of the term ‘Arabs’ to refer to the group of conquerors, attributing a moral and religious significance to the term.
Solving quantified modal logic problems by translation to classical logics
Authors: Steen Alexander , Sutcliffe Geoff , BenzmÜller Christoph 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article describes an evaluation of Automated Theorem Proving (ATP) systems on problems taken from the Quantified Modal Logics Theorem Proving (QMLTP) library of first-order modal logic problems. Principally, the problems are translated to both typed first-order and higher-order logic (HOL) in the TPTP language using an embedding approach, and solved using first-order resp. HOL ATP systems and model finders. Additionally, the results from native modal logic ATP systems are considered, and compared with the results from the embedding approach. The findings are that the embedding process is reliable and successful when state-of-the-art ATP systems are used as backend reasoners, the first- and higher-order embeddings perform similarly, native modal logic ATP systems have comparable performance to classical systems using the embedding for proving theorems, native modal logic ATP systems are outperformed by the embedding approach for disproving conjectures and the embedding approach can cope with a wider range of modal logics than the native modal systems considered.
Ameliorative Potential of Carvedilol Versus Platelet-Rich Plasma Against Paclitaxel-Induced Femoral Neuropathy in Wistar Rats: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Fekry Ereny , Refaat George Nagi , Hosny Sara Adel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic drug, induces sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy. Carvedilol, a nonselective β-adrenoreceptor blocker, has been shown to exert antioxidant activity. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has supra-physiological levels of growth factors (GFs), enhances biosynthesis of antioxidant enzymes, and suppresses oxidative stress. This study compared the ameliorative effects of carvedilol and PRP on paclitaxel-induced femoral neuropathy. Eighty-eight adult male albino rats were equally randomized into four groups: group I served as the control; group II received paclitaxel (16 mg/kg intraperitoneally, weekly); group III received carvedilol (10 mg/kg daily, orally) concomitant with paclitaxel; and group IV received PRP (0.5 mL/kg subcutaneously, twice weekly) concomitant with paclitaxel. After 5 weeks, femoral nerve conduction velocity was measured, and blood samples were collected to assess catalase and superoxide dismutase levels. All animals were sacrificed, and gene expression of miR-21 was quantified. Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and toluidine blue. Then, the ultrathin sections were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Both carvedilol and PRP reversed paclitaxel-induced changes in the peripheral nerve, but PRP demonstrated a stronger antioxidant effect and a more pronounced presence of GFs, as evidenced by electron microscopy. PRP may represent a promising therapeutic approach for paclitaxel-induced neuropathy.
Hip Region Stress Fracture in South Korean Military Recruits: Private’s Fracture
Authors: Kim Jong Seop , Ahn Byung Hyun , Won Yoo-Sun , Kwak Woo Kyoung , Min Tae-Hong , Ha Cheungsoo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction
This study aims to analyze the characteristics of hip region stress fractures (HSFs) within a South Korean military cohort and identify the associated risk factors to provide insights for treatment and prevention strategies. Additionally, we will report the epidemiologic data and clinical outcomes of treating HSF within the second largest military hospital.

Materials and Methods
Between January 2022 and December 2023, this retrospective case series revised all HSF patients’ medical records to analyze demographic and epidemiologic data and clinical progress. The incidence rate was calculated using the number of conscripted soldiers based on publicly open available statistics from government institution.

Results
A total of 95 hips from 60 patients were included in this study, and 35 patients (58.3%) exhibited bilaterality. The seasonal variation of HSF patients showed a bimodal distribution, with peaks from April to June and October to December. The incidence rate per 100,000 person-years is estimated to be between 55.3 in 2022 and 67.9 in 2023.

Conclusions
Hip region stress fractures can also be termed as “private’s fractures,” which accurately describe their nature. It is crucial to identify cases that necessitate early diagnosis and surgical intervention. Epidemiologically, HSF demonstrates high bilaterality and a bimodal distribution throughout the year. During this period, unit commanders and military doctors should be cautious of HSF among soldiers and conduct appropriate screenings.
ΛCDM model against cosmography: a possible deviation after DESI 2024
Authors: Pourojaghi Saeed , Malekjani Mohammad , Davari Zahra 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
In this study, we present an analysis of the standard flat-$\Lambda$CDM (Lambda cold dark matter) model using a cosmographic approach, incorporating recent Dark Energy Survey Instrument (DESI) baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) observations and Type Ia Supernova (SNIa) catalogues, including Dark Energy Survey Supernova 5 Year Release (DES-SN5YR) and Pantheon + compilations. We find full consistency between the standard model and the cosmographic approach when considering DESI BAO and SNIa catalogues independently. When combining DESI BAO with SNIa data, we examine the impact of the Planck prior on the sound horizon at the drag epoch, $r_d$, and the Cepheid prior on the absolute magnitude, M. Applying the Planck prior on $r_d$ alone yields an $H_0$ value consistent with the Planck measurement, while applying the Cepheid prior on M alone results in an $H_0$ value consistent with the SH0ES measurement. Without any priors, the $H_0$ value obtained has a large error margin, reconciling the Planck and SH0ES measurements. In all cases where individual priors are applied, we observe no significant tension between the flat-$\Lambda$CDM model and the cosmographic approach. However, when both Planck and Cepheid priors are applied simultaneously, significant tensions arise between the model and cosmography. This tension is even more pronounced when excluding LRG1 and LRG2 from the DESI measurements. These results indicate that the standard model cannot simultaneously reconcile high-redshift Planck cosmic microwave background observations and local Cepheid measurements. This discrepancy supports the possibility of new physics beyond the standard model or, alternatively, the presence of unrecognized systematic errors in the observational data.
The impact of cosmic-ray heating on the cooling of the low-metallicity interstellar medium
Authors: Brugaletta Vittoria , Walch Stefanie , Naab Thorsten , Girichidis Philipp , Rathjen Tim-Eric , Seifried Daniel , Nürnberger Pierre Colin , Wünsch Richard , Glover Simon C O 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Low-metallicity environments are subject to inefficient cooling. They also have low dust-to-gas ratios and therefore less efficient photoelectric (PE) heating than in solar-neighbourhood conditions, where PE heating is one of the most important heating processes in the warm neutral interstellar medium (ISM). We perform magnetohydrodynamic simulations of stratified ISM patches with a gas metallicity of 0.02 Z$_\odot$ as part of the SILCC project. The simulations include non-equilibrium chemistry, heating, and cooling of the low-temperature ISM as well as anisotropic cosmic-ray (CR) transport, and stellar tracks. We include stellar feedback in the form of far-ultraviolet and ionizing (FUV and extreme ultraviolet, EUV) radiation, massive star winds, supernovae, and CR injection. From the local CR energy density, we compute a CR heating rate that is variable in space and time. In this way, we can compare the relative impact of PE and CR heating on the metal-poor ISM and find that CR heating can dominate over PE heating. Models with a uniform CR ionization rate of $\zeta$ = 3 $\times$ 10$^{-17}$ s$^{-1}$ suppress or severely delay star formation, since they provide a larger amount of energy to the ISM due to CR heating. Models with a variable CR ionization rate form stars predominantly in pristine regions with low PE heating and CR ionization rates where the metal-poor gas is able to cool efficiently. Because of the low metallicity, the amount of formed stars in all runs is not enough to trigger outflows of gas from the mid-plane.
On the Owing to in Owing Duties to Self
Authors: Schofield Paul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Philosophical discussions of self-directed duties concern not merely those duties one has regarding oneself, but those one owes specifically to oneself. In this paper, I take up the question of what it even means to owe something to oneself in the first place. A proper appreciation of what it means, I argue, will help answer skeptics who doubt the coherence of duties to self.
Respect, Self-Respect, and Self-Knowledge
Authors: Cholbi Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Knowledge and respect exhibit a puzzling self-other asymmetry: Self-respect generates an imperative to know oneself, but as the objectionability of paternalism and privacy violations illustrate, respect for others can require that we avoid acquiring, or making use of, knowledge we have about them. This article elaborates this asymmetry and offers a solution to it, rooted in the distinctive importance that self-knowledge has for self-respecting rational agents: Self-respecting agents have reasons to have others defer to their ‘surfaces’ or self-presentations in order to inhibit making themselves vulnerable to others in ways that undermine their self-respect by subordinating their wills to the wills of others, as well as to ensure that self-knowledge can play its desired role in the lives of self-respecting agents.
A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Self-Knowledge
Authors: MacKenzie Jordan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
What moral value, if any, is there to unsuccessful self-scrutiny? I answer this question by drawing on Kant’s discussion of the duty of self-knowledge in the Metaphysics of Morals. On my interpretation, the duty of self-knowledge is a demand to understand the generic structure of our moral agency: fulfilling it requires that we appreciate ourselves as fundamentally flawed, but also fundamentally morally worthy. This interpretation renders the duty consistent with Kant’s claims about moral self-opacity and explains why Kant called self-knowledge the ‘First Command’ of all duties. But this interpretation has value beyond the exegetical: by appreciating the value of generic moral self-knowledge, we can understand why self-scrutiny can be worthwhile even when it does not yield particular self-knowledge.