bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Chinese Grammatical Error Correction Model Based On Grammatical Generalization And Parameter Sharing
Authors: Lin Nankai , Lin Xiaotian , Fu Yingwen , Jiang Shengyi , Wang Lianxi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Chinese grammatical error correction (CGEC) is a significant challenge in Chinese natural language processing. Deep-learning-based models tend to have tens of millions or even hundreds of millions of parameters since they model the target task as a sequence-to-sequence problem. This may require a vast quantity of annotated corpora for training and parameter tuning. However, there are currently few open-source annotated corpora for the CGEC task; the existing researches mainly concentrate on using data augmentation technology to alleviate the data-hungry problem. In this paper, rather than expanding training data, we propose a competitive CGEC model from a new insight for reducing model parameters. The model contains three main components: a sequence learning module, a grammatical generalization module and a parameter sharing module. Experimental results on two Chinese benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed model could achieve competitive performance over several baselines. Even if the parameter number of our model is reduced by 1/3, it could reach a comparable $F_{0.5}$ value of 30.75%. Furthermore, we utilize English datasets to evaluate the generalization and scalability of the proposed model. This could provide a new feasible research direction for CGEC research.
Is EuroSCORE II still a reliable predictor for cardiac surgery mortality in 2022? A retrospective study study
Authors: Mastroiacovo Giorgio , Bonomi Alice , Ludergnani Monica , Franchi Matteo , Maragna Riccardo , Pirola Sergio , Baggiano Andrea , Caglio Alice , Pontone Gianluca , Polvani Gianluca , Merlino Luca 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The European System for Cardiac Operation Risk Evaluation II (EuroSCORE II) is the most common tool used to evaluate the perioperative risk of mortality after cardiac surgery in Europe, and its use is currently recommended by the relevant guidelines. However, recently, its role has been questioned: Several papers have suggested that these algorithms may no longer be adequate for risk prediction due to an overestimation of adult cardiac surgical risk. Our goal was to validate the EuroSCORE II in the prediction of 30-day in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing open cardiac surgery in a high-volume hospital.

METHODS
In this retrospective cohort study, we included all patients who underwent cardiac surgery from January 2016 to May 2022 within the departments of cardiac surgery of the Monzino Cardiology Centre in Milan, Italy. We evaluated the discrimination power of the EuroSCORE II by using the receiver operating characteristic curve and the corresponding area under the curve. We performed calibration plots to assess the concordance between the model’s prediction and the observed outcomes.

RESULTS
A total of 4,034 patients were included (mean age = 65.1 years; 68% males), of which 674 (16.7%) underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. The EuroSCORE II showed a good discrimination power in predicting 30-day in-hospital mortality (area under the curve = 0.834). However, for interventions performed in an elective setting, very low values of the EuroSCORE II overestimated the observed mortality, whereas for interventions performed in an emergency setting, EuroSCORE II values above 10 extensively underestimated the observed mortality.

CONCLUSIONS
Our study suggests that the EuroSCORE II seems not to be a reliable score in estimating the true risk of death, especially in high-risk patients.
Cost-effectiveness and diagnostic accuracy of focused cardiac ultrasound in the pre-participation screening of athletes: the SPORT-FoCUS study
Authors: Halasz Geza , Capelli Bruno , Nardecchia Alessia , Cattaneo Mattia , Cassina Tiziano , Biasini Vincenzo , Barbieri Davide , Villa Michele , Beltrami Matteo , Perone Francesco , Villani Matteo , Badini Matteo , Gervasi Federico , Piepoli Massimo , Via Gabriele 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aims
The role of pre-participation screening (PPS) modalities in preventing sudden cardiac death (SCD) in athletes is debated due to a high false-positive rate. Focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS) has shown higher sensitivity and specificity, but its cost-effectiveness remains uncertain. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic performance and cost-effectiveness of FoCUS use in PPS.

Methods and results
A total of 2111 athletes (77.4% male, mean age 24.9 ± 15.2years) underwent standardized family and medical history collection, physical examination, resting electrocardiography (ECG), FoCUS (10 min/5 views protocol), comprehensive echocardiography and exercise stress test. We prospectively evaluated three PPS incremental models: Model A, standardized medical history and physical examination Model B, Model A plus resting and stress ECG and Model C, Model B plus FoCUS (10 min/5 views protocol). We determined their incremental diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness ratio. A total of 30 athletes were diagnosed with a cardiac condition associated with SCD: 3 were identified by Model A, 14 by Model B, and 13 athletes by Model C. The introduction of FoCUS markedly increased the sensitivity of PPS, compared with Model A and Model B (sensitivity 94% vs. 19% vs. 58% specificity 93% vs. 93% vs. 92%). The total screening costs were as follows: Model A 35.64 euros, Model B 87.68 euros, and Model C 120.89 euros. Considering the sole conditions at risk of SCD, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 135.62 euros for Model B and 114.31 for Model C.

Conclusions
The implementation of FoCUS into the PPS allows to identify a significantly greater number of athletes at risk of SCD and markedly lowers the false negative rate. Furthermore, the incorporation of FoCUS into the screening process has shown to be cost-effective.
Patellofemoral pain in general practice: the incidence and management
Authors: van Leeuwen Guido J , de Schepper Evelien I T , Bindels Patrick J E , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M A , van Middelkoop Marienke 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a nontraumatic knee problem primarily observed in physically active adolescents. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and management of PFP in children and adolescents in general practice

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using a regional primary care database containing full electronic health records of over 300,000 patients. Patients with a new PFP diagnosis between the years 2013 and 2019 were extracted using a search algorithm based on International Classification of Primary Health Care coding and search terms in free text. Data on the management of PFP were manually checked and analysed. In addition, a sub-analysis for chronic and nonchronic PFP patients was performed.

Results
The mean incidence of PFP over the study period was 3.4 (95% CI 3.2–3.6) per 1,000 person years in the age group of 7–24 years. Girls had a higher incidence rate (4.6 [95% CI 4.3–5.0]) compared to boys (2.3 [95% CI 2.1–2.5]). Peak incidence was at age 13 years for both sexes. The most commonly applied management strategy was advice (55.1%), followed by referral to physiotherapy (28.2%), analgesics prescription (10.4%), and referral to the orthopaedic surgeon (8.9%). No differences were found in age, sex, and treatment between chronic and nonchronic PFP patients.

Conclusions
The average Dutch general practitioner sees approximately 1.4 new child or adolescent with PFP per year. Overall management strategies were in concordance with current Dutch general practice guideline on nontraumatic knee problems. More insight should be gained in the population with chronic complaints.
Extravasation of Blood and Blood Toxicity Drives Tubular Injury from RBC Trapping in Ischemic AKI
Authors: McLarnon Sarah R , Johnson Chloe , Sun Jingping , Wei Qingqing , Csanyi Gabor , O'Herron Phillip , Marshall Brendan , Giddens Priya , Sullivan Jennifer C , Barrett Amanda , O'Connor Paul M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) trapping is common in ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) and presents as densely packed RBCs that accumulate within and engorge the kidney medullary circulation. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that “RBC trapping directly promotes tubular injury independent of extending ischemia time.” Studies were performed on rats. Red blood cell congestion and tubular injury were compared between renal arterial clamping, venous clamping, and venous clamping of blood-free kidneys. Vessels were occluded for either 15 or 45 min with and without reperfusion. We found that RBC trapping in the medullary capillaries occurred rapidly following reperfusion from renal arterial clamping and that this was associated with extravasation of blood from congested vessels, uptake of blood proteins by the tubules, and marked tubular injury. To determine if this injury was due to blood toxicity or an extension of ischemia time, we compared renal venous and arterial clamping without reperfusion. Venous clamping resulted in RBC trapping and marked tubular injury within 45 min of ischemia. Conversely, despite the same ischemia time, RBC trapping and tubular injury were minimal following arterial clamping without reperfusion. Confirming the role of blood toward tubular injury, injury was markedly reduced in blood-free kidneys with venous clamping. Our data demonstrate that RBC trapping results in the rapid extravasation and uptake of blood components by tubular cells, causing toxic tubular injury. Tubular toxicity from extravasation of blood following RBC trapping appears to be a major component of tubular injury in ischemic AKI, which has not previously been recognized.
Unveiling the Ghrelin and Obestatin Roles in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Assessing Their Pathogenic Implications and Biomarker Utility
Authors: Khalaji Amirmohammad , Babajani Nastaran , Amirsardari Zahra , Saeedian Behrad , Peiman Soheil , Berger Nathan A , Behnoush Amir Hossein 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), pathologically known as chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, is among the diseases with a high burden worldwide. Ghrelin and obestatin, as adipocytokines mainly in adipose tissues, are involved in immune responses and inflammatory pathways. Studies have assessed the circulatory ghrelin levels in patients with IBD. Herein, we aim to pool these studies through systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
Four international databases, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Web of Science were systematically searched for studies assessing ghrelin or obestatin levels in patients with IBD (either Crohn’s disease [CD] or ulcerative colitis [UC]) in active phase or in remission. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted in order to calculate the pooled estimate using the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
Nineteen studies were included in our systematic review, comprising 1064 patients with IBD (476 UC and 588 CD). A meta-analysis of 11 studies for comparison of active and quiescent disease showed that patients with active IBD had significantly higher levels of ghrelin (SMD, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.06 to 1.34; P = .03). However, in separate analyses for UC or CD, no such difference was observed (SMD, 1.30; 95% CI, −0.28 to 2.88, P = .11; and SMD, 0.80; 95% CI, −0.41 to 2.01; P = .20, respectively). No significant difference was also observed in ghrelin levels between patients with active IBD and healthy control subjects. Obestatin levels also were not different between patients with active disease and those in remission (SMD, 0.31; 95% CI, −0.05 to 0.68; P = .09). On the other hand, the obestatin/ghrelin ratio was significantly lower in patients with active IBD (SMD, −1.90; 95% CI, −2.45 to −1.35; P &lt; .01).

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that IBD patients with active disease have higher levels of ghrelin, which needs to be confirmed in future studies. Also, the obestatin/ghrelin ratio might be a promising biomarker for the assessment of disease activity.
Isavuconazole–tacrolimus drug–drug interactions in HSCT patients
Authors: Fructuoso-González L , Najera-Perez M D , Manresa-Ramón N , Torrano-Belmonte P , Caracena-López S , Pacheco-López P 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Because tacrolimus has a narrow therapeutic window and exhibits both intraindividual and interindividual variability, we attempted to establish the percentage of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) dose reduction to prevent toxicity and ensure stem cell engraftment when using this immunosuppressant with the antifungal isavuconazole (ISA). By calculating the tacrolimus concentration/dose (C/D) ratio, we expected to demonstrate the magnitude of change in the C/D ratio from baseline after ISA administration.

Methods
We evaluated the interaction between ISA, a new triazole antifungal used in prophylaxis for invasive fungal infections, and the CNI class of immunosuppressive drugs, specifically tacrolimus, in 11 blood samples from HSCT recipients.

Results
The mean tacrolimus C/D ratio increased 1.44-fold from baseline 48 h after ISA administration (P = 0.001).

Conclusions
Although further investigation is needed, the results of this study suggest that a reduction of 18% in tacrolimus may be recommended.
High antipersister activity of a promising new quinolone drug candidate in eradicating uropathogenic Escherichia coli persisters and persistent infection in mice
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Liang Bing , Song Zhengming , Chen Wujun , Niu Hongxia , Xing Dongming , Zhang Ying 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aims
To develop more potent drugs that eradicate persister bacteria and cure persistent urinary tract infections (rUTIs).

Methods and results
We synthesized eight novel clinifloxacin analogs and measured minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), the time-kill curves in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) UTI89, and applied the candidate drugs and combinations against biofilm bacteria in vitro and in mice. Transcriptomic analysis was performed for UPEC after candidate drug treatment to shed light on potential mechanism of action. We identified Compound 2, named Qingdafloxacin (QDF), which was more potent than clinafloxacin and clinically used levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, with an MIC of &lt; 0.04 μg ml−1 and an MBC of 0.08∼0.16 μg ml−1. In drug combination studies, QDF + gentamicin + nitrofuran combination but not single drugs completely eradicated all stationary phase bacteria containing persisters and biofilm bacteria, and all bacteria in a persistent UTI mouse model. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the unique antipersister activity of QDF was associated with downregulation of genes involved in bacterial stress response, DNA repair, protein misfolding repair, pyrimidine metabolism, glutamate, and glutathione metabolism, and efflux.

Conclusions
QDF has high antipersister activity and its drug combinations proved highly effective against biofilm bacteria in vitro and persistent UTIs in mice, which may have implications for treating rUTIs.
In vitro activity of hypochlorous acid generating electrochemical bandage against monospecies and dual-species bacterial biofilms
Authors: Kletzer Joseph , Raval Yash S , Mohamed Abdelrhman , Mandrekar Jayawant N , Greenwood-Quaintance Kerryl E , Beyenal Haluk , Patel Robin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aims
As antimicrobial resistance is on the rise, treating chronic wound infections is becoming more complex. The presence of biofilms in wound beds contributes to this challenge. Here, the activity of a novel hypochlorous acid (HOCl) producing electrochemical bandage (e-bandage) against monospecies and dual-species bacterial biofilms formed by bacteria commonly found in wound infections was assessed.

Methods and results
The system was controlled by a wearable potentiostat powered by a 3V lithium-ion battery and maintaining a constant voltage of + 1.5V Ag/AgCl, allowing continuous generation of HOCl. A total of 19 monospecies and 10 dual-species bacterial biofilms grown on polycarbonate membranes placed on tryptic soy agar (TSA) plates were used as wound biofilm models, with HOCl producing e-bandages placed over the biofilms. Viable cell counts were quantified after e-bandages were continuously polarized for 2, 4, 6, and 12 hours. Time-dependent reductions in colony forming units (CFUs) were observed for all studied isolates. After 12 hours, average CFU reductions of 7.75 ± 1.37 and 7.74 ± 0.60 log10 CFU/cm2 were observed for monospecies and dual-species biofilms, respectively.

Conclusions
HOCl producing e-bandages reduce viable cell counts of in vitro monospecies and dual-species bacterial biofilms in a time-dependent manner in vitro. After 12 hours, &gt;99.999% reduction in cell viability was observed for both monospecies and dual-species biofilms.
Breast Cancer Screening in High-risk Women During Pregnancy and Lactation
Authors: Portnow Leah H , Snider Lauren C , Bolivar Kimberly E , Bychkovsky Brittany L , Klehm Margaret R , Yeh Eren D , Gombos Eva C , Chikarmane Sona A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Women who are at high risk of developing breast cancer warrant screening that is often initiated at younger ages than in average-risk women; this is usually with a combination of annual mammography and breast MRI. Compared to average-risk women, those at high risk are more frequently recommended to undergo screening during childbearing age and thus potentially during pregnancy and lactation. Understanding the appropriate use of screening breast imaging during pregnancy and lactation can be challenging due to limited data defining the evidence-based roles of the different imaging modalities, including mammography, US, and MRI. There have also been assumptions about the diagnostic accuracy of these modalities secondary to physiological changes. This scientific review discusses the current state of evidence- and expert-based guidelines and data for breast imaging screening of high-risk pregnant and/or lactating women, and the clinical and imaging presentations of breast cancer for these women.
The 2023 Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada: Cancer and IBD
Authors: Murthy Sanjay K , Kuenzig M Ellen , Windsor Joseph W , Matthews Priscilla , Tandon Parul , Benchimol Eric I , Bernstein Charles N , Bitton Alain , Coward Stephanie , Jones Jennifer L , Kaplan Gilaad G , Lee Kate , Targownik Laura E , Peña-Sánchez Juan-Nicolás , Rohatinsky Noelle , Ghandeharian Sara , Meka Saketh , Chis Roxana S , Gupta Sarang , Cheah Eric , Davis Tal , Weinstein Jake , Im James H B , Goddard Quinn , Gorospe Julia , Loschiavo Jennifer , McQuaid Kaitlyn , D’Addario Joseph , Silver Ken , Oppenheim Robyn , Singh Harminder 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Intestinal cancers may arise as a complication of IBD itself, while extra-intestinal cancers may arise due to some of the immunosuppressive therapies used to treat IBD. Colorectal cancer (CRC) and small bowel cancer risks remain elevated among persons with IBD as compared to age-and sex-matched members of the general population, and the lifetime risk of these cancers is strongly correlated to cumulative intestinal inflammatory burden. However, the cumulative risk of cancer, even among those with IBD is still low. Some studies suggest that IBD-CRC incidence has declined over the years, possibly owing to improved treatment standards and improved detection and management of early neoplastic lesions. Across studies of extra-intestinal cancers, there are generally higher incidences of melanoma, hepatobiliary cancer, and lung cancer and no higher incidences of breast cancer or prostate cancer, with equivocal risk of cervical cancer, among persons with IBD. While the relative risks of some extra-intestinal cancers are increased with treatment, the absolute risks of these cancers remain low and the decision to forego treatment in light of these risks should be carefully weighed against the increased risks of intestinal cancers and other disease-related complications with undertreated inflammatory disease. Quality improvement efforts should focus on optimized surveillance of cancers for which surveillance strategies exist (colorectal cancer, hepatobiliary cancer, cervical cancers, and skin cancers) and the development of cost-effective surveillance strategies for less common cancers associated with IBD.
The 2023 Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada: Access to and Models of Care
Authors: Mathias Holly , Rohatinsky Noelle , Murthy Sanjay K , Novak Kerri , Kuenzig M Ellen , Nguyen Geoffrey C , Fowler Sharyle , Benchimol Eric I , Coward Stephanie , Kaplan Gilaad G , Windsor Joseph W , Bernstein Charles N , Targownik Laura E , Peña-Sánchez Juan-Nicolás , Lee Kate , Ghandeharian Sara , Jannati Nazanin , Weinstein Jake , Khan Rabia , Im James H B , Matthews Priscilla , Davis Tal , Goddard Quinn , Gorospe Julia , Latos Kate , Louis Michelle , Balche Naji , Dobranowski Peter , Patel Ashley , Porter Linda J , Porter Robert M , Bitton Alain , Jones Jennifer L 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Rising compounding prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Kaplan GG, Windsor JW. The four epidemiological stages in the global evolution of inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;18:56–66.) and pandemic-exacerbated health system resource limitations have resulted in significant variability in access to high-quality, evidence-based, person-centered specialty care for Canadians living with IBD. Individuals with IBD have identified long wait times, gaps in biopsychosocial care, treatment and travel expenses, and geographic and provider variation in IBD specialty care and knowledge as some of the key barriers to access. Care delivered within integrated models of care (IMC) has shown promise related to impact on disease-related outcomes and quality of life. However, access to these models is limited within the Canadian healthcare systems and much remains to be learned about the most appropriate IMC team composition and roles. Although eHealth technologies have been leveraged to overcome some access challenges since COVID-19, more research is needed to understand how best to integrate eHealth modalities (i.e., video or telephone visits) into routine IBD care. Many individuals with IBD are satisfied with these eHealth modalities. However, not all disease assessment and monitoring can be achieved through virtual modalities. The need for access to person-centered, objective disease monitoring strategies, inclusive of point of care intestinal ultrasound, is more pressing than ever given pandemic-exacerbated restrictions in access to endoscopy and cross-sectional imaging. Supporting learning healthcare systems for IBD and research relating to the strategic use of innovative and integrative implementation strategies for evidence-based IBD care interventions are greatly needed. Data derived from this research will be essential to appropriately allocating scarce resources aimed at improving person-centred access to cost-effective IBD care.