bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Análise das formas indiretas ou alternativas de reconhecimento, proteção e promoção dos princípios e direitos laborais
Authors: Silva Adriane Moura e 
Published: January 2025

Aborda o papel do Direito Internacional do Trabalho como possuidor de dupla finalidade, quais sejam: regular as relações de trabalho que transcendam o âmbito dos Estados nacionais e propiciar a guarda da dignidade da pessoa humana nas relações laborais, para evitar que o trabalho humano seja visto como mera mercadoria. Discute a necessidade de trazer a questão dos direitos humanos dos trabalhadores para o âmbito do direito internacional, visto que a globalização da economia, das finanças e do comércio não pode ocorrer sem a universalização dos direitos fundamentais do trabalhador. Aponta no contexto de regulamentação internacional formas diretas e indiretas e algumas opções para condicionar o comércio internacional ao cumprimento dos direitos laborais básicos. Finaliza apresentando que de um lado, as fontes tradicionais de Direito Internacional, consideradas normas cogentes, de direito público, como as declarações, pactos, tratados e convenções sobre direitos humanos e do outro lado, encontram-se as formas de regulamentação indireta como as cláusulas sociais, códigos de conduta, etiquetas sociais e fundos ético-solidários.
O Assédio moral e sexual no trabalho
Authors: Araújo Marcela Alves Albuquerque 
Published: January 2025

Caracterizar o fenômeno do assédio moral e sexual no ambiente de trabalho, bem como suas implicações na vida dos trabalhadores. Contextualiza o assédio na seara da CLT, precisamente em seu art. 483, amparando o trabalhador quando sofre de assédio, seja ele moral ou sexual, cabendo à vítima ingressar com ação de danos morais contra o empregador. Amplia a análise incluindo a perspectiva da Emenda 45, que a Justiça do Trabalho passou a ser competente para processar e julgar as ações de dano material e moral, decorrentes da relação de emprego (art. 114, inc. VI, CF/88). Salienta que a Justiça do Trabalho é rica em jurisprudências que se posicionam favoráveis à indenização por dano moral no âmbito do trabalho, protegendo o empregado contra atos que atentem contra sua dignidade. Finaliza com orientações para a vítima que tão logo perceba o desenvolvimento de um processo de assédio deverá anotar com detalhes todas as humilhações sofridas (dia, mês, ano, hora, local ou setor, nome do agressor, colegas que testemunharam, conteúdo da conversa), reunir provas como bilhetes, memorandos, testemunhas, gravações, laudos médicos, etc., dar visibilidade, procurando a ajuda de pessoas de confiança, principalmente daqueles que testemunharam o fato ou que já sofreram humilhações do agressor para que esses agressores possam ser punidos e a vítima possa recompor a sua auto-estima e saúde psíquica.
EFICÁCIA DO TRATAMENTO FISIOTERAPÊUTICO NAS DISFUNÇÕES TEMPOROMANDIBULARES: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Araújo Alice Theresa Gama Sousa de , Melo Maria Clara Martins de , Leal Evaldo Sales , Soares Maria das Graças Silva , Sampaio Tayana Pereira , Sousa Francisca Nídia da Cruz , Silva Sharlanderson da Costa 
Published: January 2025

O estudo teve como objetivo demonstrar a eficácia das intervenções fisioterapêuticas no tratamento de disfunções temporomandibulares, condições que afetam a articulação temporomandibular e toda a musculatura associada, acarretando dor, limitação funcional além de comprometer a qualidade de vida. Uma revisão de literatura acerca de estudos publicados entre 2019 e 2024, selecionados nas bases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online e Cochrane Library. Critérios de inclusão priorizaram estudos completos, originais, gratuitos, resultando na análise de nove artigos que atenderam às exigências. As abordagens fisioterapêuticas incluíram em sua maioria: terapia manual, agulhamento a seco, eletroterapia, mostrando resultados positivos na redução da dor, aumento da amplitude de movimento e melhora da funcionalidade da articulação. Concluiu-se que a fisioterapia desempenha papel fundamental no manejo conservador e multidisciplinar das DTM, sendo uma abordagem eficaz e segura para melhorar os sintomas e a funcionalidade dos pacientes, levando os profissionais a buscarem capacitações e a aplicação de protocolos baseados em evidências.
A Comprehensive Review of Nexus between Tourism and Attainment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Authors: Makhdoom Tayyaba Rafique , Luhana Tahal Kumar , Bhatti Khalil-ur-Rehman 
Published: January 2025

Aim of the Study: Tourism has a crucial role in development of economies and The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) has emphasized on attainment of SDGs through tourism.
Methodology: This is an exploratory study sought to find out the relationship between tourism and SDGs. The article is based on the review of relevant literature, and the development of a model indicating the nexus between tourism and SDGs. The desk research methodology was used for data collection. A total of 95 research articles were reviewed to determine the connection between the SDGs and tourism.
Findings: Out of 17, 14 SDGs were found to be associated with tourism. In particular, SDG1, SDG2, SDG3, SDG5, SDG10, and SDG16 are contributed by tourism. Whereas, SDG3, SDG5, SDG8, SDG11, SDG12, SDG14, and SDG15 are adversely affected by tourism. However, tourism has a great potential to contribute to achievement of SDG1, SDG2, SDG4, SDG6, SDG8, SDG10, SDG11, SDG12, SDG13 and SDG16.
Conclusion: Hence, Tourism is likely to play a dynamic role in the SDG 2030 agenda. Public awareness is immensely required for shaping their behaviour responsible towards tourism since transition to sustainable and responsible tourism is the need of time.
Pengaruh Metode Mind Mapping Terhadap Hasil belajar SiswaPada Mata Pelajaran Fiqih di MTS Attaqwa 19 Kel. Kebalen, Kec. Babelan, Kab. Bekasi
Authors: Intan Lestari  , Bahri Saiful 
Published: January 2025

Pendidikan adalah suatu hal yang penting bagi kehidupan nyata. Pendidikan diharapkan dapat membentuk sosok manusia yang berpendidikan dan beradab dalam kehidupannya. Selain itu, pendidikan merupakan upaya sadar dan terencana dalam proses pembimbingan dan pembelajaran bagi individu agar tumbuh berkembang menjadi manusia yang mandiri, bertanggung jawab, kreatif, berilmu, sehat, dan berakhlak mulia.
Mind mapping merupakan metode yang dapat digunakan untuk mengembangkan kreatifitas belajar siswa. Metode pembelajaran mind mapping dirancang untuk mengembangkan siswa dengan kreatif menyusun ide-ide pokok dari sebuah konsep peta pikiran yang mudah dipahami oleh siswa. Peta pikiran tersebut dapat meringkas informasi yang panjang menjadi diagram yang warna-warni, sangat teratur, dan mudah diingat yang bekerja selaras dengan cara kerja alami otak dalam melakukan berbagai hal. Otomatis kerjanya pun sesuai dengan kealamian cara berpikir manusia.
Penelitian ini dilakukan di MTs Attaqwa 19 Kel. Kebalen Kec. Babelan Kab. Bekasi yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai bulan April 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, PTK, dan dokumentasi. Populasi sebesar 100 siswa, sampel yang diambil menggunakan rumus Slovin margin error (5%), maka di dapat sampel sebesar 80 siswa dibagi menjadi dua kelas, kelas eskperimen dan kelas kontrol, masing-masing berjumlah 40 siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui teknik Pre-test dan Post-test pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol.Validitas dan reliabilitas dan dianalisis melalui uji korelasi Product Moment (rxy), melalui uji t (taraf signifikan) dan melalui gain score.
Berdasarkan hasil uji t didapati thitung sebesar 7,19 sedangkan ttabel 2.021 thitung lebih besar dari ttabel dengan DF (degree of freedom) 38. Dengan demikian Hipotesis Nol (Ho) ditolak dan Hipotesi Alternatif (Ha) diterima maka terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara variabel X (Pengaruh Metode Mind Mapping) dengan variabel Y (Terhadap Hasil Belajar Fiqih). Berdasarkan uji KD menyatakan bahwa metode Mind Mapping memberi pengaruh yang signifikan sebesar 57,76% dan 42,24% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain dan gain score sebesar 8,7.
Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara variabel X (Metode Mind Mapping) terhadap variabel Y (Hasil Belajar Fiqih).
Ocular Symptoms Experienced by People With Covid-19 Infection
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Hassan Najam ul , Noman Fazal 
Published: January 2025

Aim: To study the ocular symptoms experienced by people with COVID-19 infection
Study design: It was a cross sectional descriptive study.
Duration and setting of study: The study was conducted online at Peshawar over a period of 4 months from 1st September to 31st December 2020.
Methods: In order to investigate the different types and frequency of distinct ocular symptoms in individuals diagnosed with COVID-19, a standard online questionnaire was adapted from a published article. The questionnaire includes both the ocular and systemic symptoms of COVID-19 infection. The online questionnaire was shared with participants who were diagnosed with COVID-19 through various social media groups and sites.
Results: In this study, we evaluated 186 eyes of 93 patients who had a positive COVID-19 test during a period of 4 months. In our study the age range was 30 to 50 years. Male were 60 (64.5%) and female were 33 (35.5%). More than 90% of the patients had more than one systemic symptoms of COVID-19. The ocular symptoms were present in 52 eyes of 26 patients which was 27.95 % of total COVID-19 patients.
The most prevalent symptom was red eye which was 28.85%, followed by photophobia and itchy eyes which were 17.3% each. Foreign body sensation occurred in 13.5% eyes.
Conclusion: It was concluded that various ocular symptoms are associated with COVID -19 infections.
Effect of Dengue Fever on Visual Functions
Authors: Ullah Asad 
Published: January 2025

Aims: To determine the frequency of defective visual functions in patients with dengue fever and to determine the association of age and duration of dengue fever with the visual functions.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Duration and Settings of Study: Six months (from September 2017 to February 2018) at department of medicine, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar.
Methods: Using non-probability sampling technique, two hundred and eighteen eyes of 109 patients, admitted in hospital due to dengue fever, were included in this study. Visual functions of the patients with dengue fever were recorded. LogMAR chart for visual acuity, confrontation test for visual fields, Amsler Grid for central field, Pelli-Robson Chart for contrast sensitivity and Farnsworth D-15 Test for color vision were used. Descriptive statistics were calculated and association among the variables were analyzed through chi-square test.
Results: Out of total 109 patients, 69 (63.3%) were male. The mean age was 31.27 ± 12.18 years. Mean visual acuity of the study participants was 0.23 ± 0.25 LogMAR units. Visual field defects were found in 25 (11.47%) and Amsler Grid central field defects were detected in 36 (16.51%) eyes, while 101 (46.33%) had contrast sensitivity of 1.05-1.65 log units. Regarding color vision, 40 (18.34%) eyes had Tritan defects while 24 (11.01%) had no pattern. There was a significant association found between age and impaired visual acuity (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Majority had impaired contrast sensitivity and almost half of the subjects had impaired visual acuity, visual fields and color vision.
Contrast Sensitivity in people with Dry Eye Disease at Tertiary Eye Care Hospital
Authors: Komal Yaseen  , Hikmat Ullah Afridi  , Sami Uddin  
Published: January 2025

Aim: To determine the effect of dry eye disease on contrast sensitivity and correlate contrast sensitivity with severity of dry eye disease.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Duration and Setting of the Study: This study was conducted from August-2019 to January-2020 in the Department of Ophthalmology Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar.
Methods: Patients with visual complaints of dry eyes were selected by non-probability convenient sampling technique. All patients underwent evaluations for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Schirmer's test was used to assess the dry eyes. A dry eye measurement of less than 15 mm was considered to be indicative of Dry Eye Disease (DED). After the Schirmer's test contrast sensitivity were measured using a Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity chart. A Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire was used to ask about dry eye symptoms. Subjects scoring>5 are considered to be symptomatic.
Results: Forty-three participants (86 eyes) were enrolled in this study. Mean age was 35 (SD+14.22) years with 60% of them were male. The mean log contrast sensitivity was 1.67+ 0.16. Contrast sensitivity was found more reduced in eyes with mild DED as compared to the other grades. Mean contrast for mild DED was 1.66+0.17 P=0.95(>0.05). Mean log contrast sensitivity in asymptomatic subjects (n=09) was 1.70+ 0.18 and in symptomatic subjects (n=34) it was 1.67+ 0.16. (P. value=0.009).
Conclusion: Contrast sensitivity was reduced in people with dry eyes. However there was no statistically significant relation of contrast sensitivity with severity of dryness. A statistically significant relation was seen between reduced contrast sensitivity and symptomatic dry eyes.
Effects of Smart Phone Overuse on Eye and Behavior
Authors: Ghazala Shahnawaz  , Ansa Benazir  , Nazli Gul  
Published: January 2025

Aim: To determine the frequency of ocular health issues, such as, digital eye strain, dry eyes, blurring of vision, and behavioral issues among individuals who report excessive smartphone use.
Study design: Cross-sectional study.
Duration and Settings of the study: Department of Ophthalmology of Medical Teaching Institution Khyber Teaching Hospital (MTI-KTH) from April 1, 2023, to September 30, 2023.
Methods: A total of 275 participants were enrolled using a convenience sampling technique. Participants underwent assessments related to eye health and behavioral impacts associated with smartphone overuse. Eye health effects included ocular symptoms such as eye strain assessed through self-report, dryness or watering of eyes blurring of vision, sudden blackouts, twitching of eyelids, headaches. Behavior issues included self-blame for overusing smartphone, irritability, strain, concentration issues and psychological dependency and screen time. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23.
Results: Out of 275 patients 58.45% were children. The mean age of the participants was 12 ±1.5 years, Male children 32.7% appeared to be more affected by harmful eye complaints and behavioral issues than their female counterparts 25.4%. In adult patients there was evidence of mobile phone over use and addiction‑like behavior higher in female 23.63% than male 18.18 %. In this study there was no statistically significant association between smart phone overuse (SMO) and blurring (p = 0.674) or decrease in vision (p = 0.212) on contrast there was statistically significant (p < 0.005) association between SMO and anxiety and depression.
Conclusion: Smart phone overuse poses a significant challenge to eye health and behavior among Eye OPD patients. The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive understanding and intervention strategies to address this growing issue in Pakistani society.
Comparing the Practice Patterns of Pakistani Optometrists with Evidence-Based Guidelines for Correction of Refractive Errors in Children
Authors: Iman Fatima  , Beenish Latif  , Muhammad Shaheer  , Muhammad Moin  , Asima Rafique  
Published: January 2025

Aim: To evaluate the trends regarding the management of pediatric refractive errors by optometrists in Pakistan.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Duration and settings of the study: This study was conducted from September 2023 to December 2023 using an online survey among Pakistani optometrists.
Methods: A Cross-sectional survey was conducted on 94 optometrists. Sample size of 94 was calculated using the values of percentage of clinical skills of optometrists (0.43) with a confidence interval of 95%. A questionnaire was taken from international research to collect data. Online google forms were distributed among optometrists in different regions of Pakistan. The data was then analyzed and Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to compare responses with province of practice, years of experience or percentage of pediatric patients dealt with. The study was approved for ethical consideration by the Ethical Review Board of College of Ophthalmology. Non probability convenient sampling technique was taken.
Results: Inconsistency was found between practice patterns of optometrists and evidence-based guidelines. The areas of the highest discordance were pseudo myopia, astigmatic correction and prescribing for school-age asymptomatic patients. There was no statistically significant association of frequency of correct responses to pediatric clientele percentage and province of practice (p>0.05). The number of correct responses increased with the years of experience (p<0.05)
Conclusion: The survey reveals there were variations in prescribing patterns, there were no significant differences based on practice province or pediatric clientele. However, there were areas where clinical expertise may be lacking, such as diagnosing and managing conditions like accommodative spasm and anisometropia.
Visual Outcome of Small Incision Cataract Surgery
Authors: Sudha Ranabhat  , Simanta Khadka  , Puspa Giri  
Published: January 2025

Aim: To determine the visual outcome of the patients who underwent manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS).
Study design: Prospective, observational study.
Duration and Settings of the study: From December 2021 to April 2022 at Kawasoti Eye Hospital, Nepal.
Methods: This study included 255 eyes of 255 patients with age-related cataracts who underwent MSICS with intraocular lens implantation (IOL). All the consecutive patients who were 40 years of age and above, and presented for cataract surgery from the outreach camp service, were included in the study.
The exclusion criteria consisted of age less than 40 years, those who underwent phacoemulsification, traumatic cataracts, and subluxated lenses, patients wanting cataract surgery for cosmetic reasons, uncontrolled systemic hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. While ocular comorbidities were not excluded from the study. Informed written consent was obtained from all patients before their enrollment in this study.
Pre-operative evaluation included a comprehensive eye examination which was performed on all the patients referred from the outreach camp for cataract surgery. Cataract surgery was then performed on all the patients and visual outcome was assessed. The vision was recorded on Snellen’s chart as well as converted to a Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (Log MAR). Data was entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS software version 16.
Results: In this study, 255 eyes of 255 patients were evaluated with a mean age of 69.64 years. Male patients were 131(51.4%) and female patients were 124(48.6%). Visual acuity significantly improved in postoperative examinations performed on the first day, first week, and fifth week as compared to preoperative visual acuity (p=0.009).
Conclusion: Visual outcome monitoring after the cataract surgery especially in the outreach camp is required to be performed to increase the congruity of the community toward such welfare programs.
Eye Care in Central Africa
Authors: Adrian Hopkins  
Published: January 2025

Approximately 26.3 million people across the World Health Organisation Africa Region (WHO AFRO) have some degree of visual impairment of whom 20.4 million have low vision and 5.9 million are considered blind. 80% of this blindness is preventable or treatable. Major causes include cataracts, uncorrected refractive errors, glaucoma and other emerging causes such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Added to this the neglected tropical diseases having an effect on vision, (onchocerciasis, trachoma and leprosy) are prevalent in many African countries.1
Quel est le rôle des petites et moyennes universités dans le développement de leurs territoires d’accueil ? Le cas de l’Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale
Authors: Bou Abdo Étienne , Carrard Michel 
Published: January 2025

Cet article détaille l’impact socio-économique de l’Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale (ULCO) aux échelles locale et nationale, mettant en lumière l’évolution vers une mission universitaire tripartie : enseignement, recherche et valorisation. Cette dernière – axée sur l’engagement régional et la valorisation de la recherche – devient essentielle dans un paysage compétitif et évolutif. Cette recherche emploie une méthodologie mixte combinant analyse quantitative de données financières et 18 entretiens pour examiner les interactions entre le cas d’étude, le secteur industriel et les instances gouvernementales. Les résultats soulignent l’impact relativement significatif de cette université régionale sur l’économie, en révélant les défis méthodologiques inhérents à l’évaluation des différents effets. L’article apporte ainsi une contribution à la compréhension du rôle des universités de petite ou de moyenne taille dans le développement économique et social régional.
Utilización de la plataforma digital educativa Snappet para mejorar la comprensión lectora en catalán
Authors: Buendia Barberà Marina , Holgado Garcia Josep 
Published: January 2025

En esta investigación, hemos estudiado la relación entre la aplicación de la plataforma digital educativa Snappet en actividades de lengua catalana y la mejora del nivel de comprensión lectora de los sujetos. El estudio se ha realizado en los grupos de 3º, 4º, 5º y 6º de educación primaria de la escuela La Floresta, los cuales han sido agrupados según su nivel de aprendizaje, obviando el curso que estaban realizando por su edad biológica. Esta se ha enmarcado dentro del paradigma positivista, con el pretexto de explicar los fenómenos de una realidad concreta, escogiendo la metodología cuantitativa, concretamente el método cuasi-experimental. Se ha utilizado el documento la Evaluación de la Comprensión Lectora (ACL)1 como prueba pre-test y post-test. Los resultados demuestran que dos tercios del alumnado mejoró de uno a cuatro grados su nivel de comprensión lectora, y las medias grupales alcanzaron resultados positivos llegando al grado de normalidad. Se puede concluir que la plataforma digital educativa Snappet y las Tecnologías del Aprendizaje y el Conocimiento (TAC) son un recurso educativo donde el donde el profesor pone la tecnología al servicio del alumnado.1 https://bit.ly/36GN1z6https://bit.ly/3wy8uFs