bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and other public health outcomes during the BA.2/BA.2.12.1 surge, New York City, April–May 2022
Authors: Qasmieh Saba A. , Robertson McKaylee M. , Teasdale Chloe A. , Kulkarni Sarah G. , Jones Heidi E. , Larsen David A. , Dennehy John J. , McNairy Margaret , Borrell Luisa N. , Nash Denis 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Routine case surveillance data for SARS-CoV-2 are incomplete, unrepresentative, missing key variables of interest, and may be increasingly unreliable for timely surge detection and understanding the true burden of infection.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of 1030 New York City (NYC) adult residents ≥18 years on May 7-8, 2022. We estimated the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the preceding 14-day period. Respondents were asked about SARS-CoV-2 testing, testing outcomes, COVID-like symptoms, and contact with SARS-CoV-2 cases. SARS-CoV-2 prevalence estimates were age- and sex-adjusted to the 2020 U.S. population. We triangulated survey-based prevalence estimates with contemporaneous official SARS-CoV-2 counts of cases, hospitalizations, and deaths, as well as SARS-CoV-2 wastewater concentrations.

Results
We show that 22.1% (95% CI 17.9–26.2%) of respondents had SARS-CoV-2 infection during the two-week study period, corresponding to ~1.5 million adults (95% CI 1.3-1.8 million). The official SARS-CoV-2 case count during the study period is 51,218. Prevalence is estimated at 36.6% (95% CI 28.3–45.8%) among individuals with co-morbidities, 13.7% (95% CI 10.4–17.9%) among those 65+ years, and 15.3% (95% CI 9.6–23.5%) among unvaccinated persons. Among individuals with a SARS-CoV-2 infection, hybrid immunity (history of both vaccination and infection) is 66.2% (95% CI 55.7–76.7%), 44.1% (95% CI 33.0–55.1%) were aware of the antiviral nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, and 15.1% (95% CI 7.1–23.1%) reported receiving it. Hospitalizations, deaths and SARS-CoV-2 virus concentrations in wastewater remained well below that during the BA.1 surge.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the true magnitude of NYC’s BA.2/BA.2.12.1 surge may have been vastly underestimated by routine case counts and wastewater surveillance. Hybrid immunity, bolstered by the recent BA.1 surge, likely limited the severity of the BA.2/BA.2.12.1 surge.
Gram-scale solvothermal synthesis of Fe-doped CuCoO2 nanosheets and improvement of the oxygen evolution reaction performance
Authors: Yang Miao , Tan Hao , Ma Shiyu , Mi Yue , Liu Lifeng , Zhao Zongyan , Li Hong , Xiong Dehua 
Published: June 2023

The superior OER performance of Fe-doped CuCoO2 nanosheets can be attributed to the Fe cations doped into the lattice and replaced the position of Cu+ cations, which reduces the grain size and increases its specific surface area.
L’apport des patients dans la relecture des protocoles de recherche
Authors: Mathieu Flavie , Lanta Marie , Bungener Martine 
Published: June 2023

L’implication des patients dans la gestion éthique des protocoles de recherche, débutée en France dans les années 1990 par les associations de malades impliquées dans la lutte contre le syndrome de l’immunodéficience acquise (sida), a été le premier pas qui a permis de reconnaître le rôle essentiel des patients dans les recherches les concernant. Nous présentons dans cet article cette émancipation et ses conséquences sur l’évolution de la recherche, en s’appuyant sur une double expérience : celle du comité de patients pour la recherche clinique, créé en 1998 par la Ligue nationale contre le cancer et par la fédération nationale des centre de lutte contre le cancer, puis celle du Collège des relecteurs mis en place par l’Inserm en 2007.
Study on defect imaging technology of optical elements based on micro-Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Wu Feibin , Han Jun 
Published: June 2023

An optical element defect detection imaging method based on micro-Raman spectroscopy is proposed to achieve high-precision imaging of optical element defects and their distribution. The detection precision of the system is immediately reflected in the imaging quality. The sharpness value of the mapping images is calculated using the Sum of Modulus of Gray Difference function. The selection of the Raman peak is an important step, and when a borosilicate glass sample with standard defects is measured for verification, it is found that the Raman peak light intensity changes at −37 and 28 cm−1. When these two peaks were used for 2D mapping, obvious defect contours can be obtained, while the light intensity at other sites could not be used for imaging, and remained essentially constant. Through the detection of laser burning defects, new peaks appear at the burned defect location that could be used for imaging, and the burning defect area can be clearly distinguished from the non-burning area. By changing the laser burning conditions, the Raman shift changes, which verifies that there is a certain correlation between the laser burning degree and the Raman shift, which also provides a basis for 2D mapping imaging of defect detection.
Anomalies, the Dark Universe and Matter-Antimatter asymmetry
Authors: Mavromatos Nick E. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
I review a (3+1)-dimensional, string-inspired cosmological model with gravitational anomalies (of Chern-Simons (CS) type) at early epochs, and a totally-antisymmetric torsion, dual to a massless axion-like field (“gravitational axion”), which couples to the CS term. Under appropriate conditions, primordial gravitational waves can condense, leading to a condensate of the CS anomaly term. As a consequence, one obtains inflation in this theory, of running-vacuum-model (RVM) type, without the need for external inflatons. At the end of the inflationary era, chiral fermionic matter is generated, whose gravitational anomalies cancel the primordial ones. On the other hand, chiral anomalies of gauge type, which are also generated by the chiral matter, remain present during the post-inflationary epochs and become responsible for the generation of a non-perturbative mass for the torsion-related gravitational axion, which, in this way, might play the rôle of a Dark Matter component of geometrical origin. Moreover, in this model, stringy non-perturbative effects during the RVM inflationary phase generate periodic structures for the potential of axion-like particles that arise due to compactification, and co-exist with the gravitational axions. Such periodic potential modulations may lead to an enhanced production of primordial black holes during inflation, which in turn affects the profile of the generated gravitational waves during the radiation era, with potentially observable consequences. This model also entails an unconventional mechanism for Leptogenesis, due to Lorentz-violating backgrounds of the gravitational axions that are generated during inflation, as a consequence of the anomaly condensates, and remain undiluted in the radiation era.
Beyond semiclassical time: dynamics in quantum cosmology
Authors: Chataignier Leonardo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We review two approaches to the definition of the Hilbert space and evolution in mechanical theories with local time-reparametrization invariance, which are often used as toy models of quantum gravity. The first approach is based on the definition of invariant relational observables, whereas the second formalism consists of a perturbative construction of the Hilbert space and a weak-coupling expansion of the Hamiltonian constraint, which is frequently performed as part of the Born-Oppenheimer treatment in quantum cosmology. We discuss in which sense both approaches exhibit an inner product that is gauge-fixed via an operator version of the usual Faddeev-Popov procedure, and, in the second approach, how the unitarity of the effective Schrödinger evolution is established perturbatively. We note that a conditional probability interpretation of the physical states is possible, so that both formalisms are examples of quantum mechanics with a relational dynamics.
Time-loops to spot torsion on bidimensional Dirac materials with dislocations
Authors: Iorio Alfredo , Pais Pablo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Assuming that, with some care, dislocations could be meaningfully described by torsion, we propose here a scenario based on an previously unexplored role of time in the low-energy Dirac field theory description of two-space-dimensional Dirac materials. Our approach is based on the realization of an exotic time-loop, that could be realized by an oscillating particle-hole pairs, to overcome well-known geometrical obstructions due to the luck of a spatial third dimension. General symmetry considerations allow to conclude that the effects we are looking for can only be seen if we move to the nonlinear response regime.
A metric for Planck Stars derived from Gravity in Asymptotic Safety
Authors: Scardigli Fabio , Lambiase Gaetano 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Asymptotically Safe Gravity (ASG) framework suggests a “running” Newtonian coupling constant, which depends on two free parameters

ω

∼

and γ. The new black hole metrics inferred from such a “running” gravitational constant naturally match with a Schwarzschild metric at large radial coordinate. By further imposing the matching with the Donoghue quantum corrections to the Schwarzschild field, we find a negative value of the

ω

∼

parameter, and this leads to a not yet explored black hole metric, which surprisingly turns out to describe the so-called Planck stars.
A brief tour of gauge CPT
Authors: Koltko K 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We outline the gauge theory of CPT transformations. Gauge CPT provides an alternative to the dark matter hypothesis by unveiling a natural extension of general relativity. Additionally, the new dynamical degrees of freedom revealed by gauge CPT should be essential for any approach to quantum gravity. Even though it may seem absurd to entertain the notion of gauging a discrete symmetry because there are no continuous parameters, we show otherwise via a “back door”.
Complete complementarity relations for three-flavor neutrino oscillations
Authors: Bittencourt V A S V , Blasone M , Siena S De , Matrella C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We study quantum correlations encoded in a three-flavor neutrino system by using complete complementarity relations (CCR). Due to the presence of local coherence in two-flavor subsystems, the CCR has an additional contribution not present in the two flavor mixing case. We investigate such coherence for the three possible bipartite subsystems of the global state both for an electron and a muon neutrino system.
Low-cost, open-hardware shadow band system for diffuse irradiance measurements
Authors: Quispe G , Pérez J , Conde L , Carhuavilca A , Berastain A , García M , Töfflinger J A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this work, we present the design, implementation, and test of a low-cost, open-hardware shadow band system that enables a pyranometer to measure global and diffuse irradiance. This system was implemented in Lima, Peru, and experimentally tested by contrasting it with a commercial reference system consisting of two pyranometers, one blocked by a shadow ring. The developed shadow band system automatically opens and closes to measure the global and diffuse irradiance consecutively, respectively, without requiring regular, manual adjustments of the shadow ring position as in the reference system. Thus, it potentially saves costs on equipment to characterize de irradiance components. Initial measurements in Lima indicate 100% and at least 23% of diffuse irradiance under cloudy and clear sky conditions, respectively.
Optimization and characterization of synthetic crude obtained from expanded polystyrene waste
Authors: Ramos W , Zamudio V , Villegas E , Palacios A , Pretell V 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This research seeks to optimize and characterize the liquid product obtained from the waste expanded polystyrene (EPS) pyrolysis. Statistical analysis of the experimental results of EPS pyrolysis was developed. A maximum yield of the liquid product was obtained at a temperature of 550 °C and an average particle size of 7.5 mm. Likewise, the total sulfur content, ASTM distillation, API Gravity and density were determined for the liquid product obtained under optimal conditions. Other physicochemical properties were estimated, concluding that the liquid product is similar to synthetic crude.
Influence of the temperature of a white LED on its lighting characteristics
Authors: Quispe M R , Oscco F M A , Horn M J , Gómez M M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The influence of the temperature of two white LEDs, a good brand and one of unknown brand, on their characteristic curves and their light properties was experimentally evaluated in the range from 10 °C to 95 °C. The measurements show that the luminous efficacy decreases with increasing temperature, specially of the LED of unknown brand. In addition, a small redshift could be observed of the blue peak of their respective spectra, as well as changes in their correlated color temperatures (CCT).
Preliminary Study of Slagging Fouling and Corrosion Coal Co-Firing with Biomass and Synthetic Waste in Drop Tube Furnace
Authors: Karuana F , Nainggolan L M , Ruhiyat A S , Putra H P , Listijorini E , Hariana  
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Synthetic waste may be used as biomass fuel in a coal-fired power plant (CFPP) or as part of a coal mixture via co-firing. Differences in characteristics can cause problems during combustion, especially in plastic waste containing high alkali and chlorine content. The purpose of this research is to analyze the features of coal combustion with biomass and synthetic waste mixture to assess the effects of combustion. Combustion is conducted in a drop tube furnace (DTF) by analyzing the possibility of slagging, fouling and corrosion of the ash produced from each fuel. From the results of burning coal, no ashes stuck, only a trace of dust, in contrast to the results of burning coal with a mixture of 25% biomass and synthetic waste which produces a dark colour and has a tendency to stick to the probe. The change in the texture of the probe surface indicates that burning coal with a 25% mixture of biomass and synthetic waste is an unsafe composition for slagging, fouling, and corrosion.
Identification and analysis of municipal solid waste pre-treatment to improve waste quality for waste-to-energy facility
Authors: Wahyono S , Sahwan F L , Suryanto F , Suprapto  , Prasetyadi  , Pratama R A , Parlina I , Tilottama R D , Sarkiwan  , Diyono  , Arreza G 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The quality of municipal solid waste affects the performance of incinerator waste-to-energy plants. This study aimed to identify and analyze the pre-treatment process for municipal solid waste in order to improve the quality of waste which will be used as feedstock to a waste-to-energy plant using pre-treatment equipment in terms of process rate, mass balance, and waste quality before and after the pre-treatment. The municipal solid waste came from resident housing in DKI Jakarta and the pre-treatment facilities used consisted of a feeder conveyor, trommel screen, and sorting conveyor, as well as excavators. The research was done quantitatively. The results of this study show that the pre-treatment process assisted by 17 workers in one work shift (7 hours) can handle 39.06 tons of waste. The waste consisted of 10.5% bulky waste, 27.6% materials smaller than 5 cm, 1.5% recyclable materials (metal, glass, and plastic), and 59.5% combustible materials. The combustible material was relatively free from bulky material, inert material, and hazardous material. Its calorific value increased from 6.61 MJ/kg to 8.80 MJ/kg. It is concluded that waste after pre-treated had good quality as a feedstock of incinerator waste-to-energy.
Denitrification of ammonium nitrate industrial wastewater using sulfur and limestone packed bioreactor
Authors: Nugroho R , Ikbal  , Said N I , Hasanuddin  
Published: June 2023

Abstract
One of the ammonium nitrate industries in Indonesia, PT.X, is located in West Java. This industry produces wastewater containing 1890 mg/L ammonia-nitrogen, 1800 mg/L nitrate-nitrogen, and 51 mg/L nitrite-nitrogen. In industrial treatment, this wastewater is treated using activated sludge nitrification and anoxic denitrification by adding carbon sources such as methanol or glucose. Denitrification process using autotrophic bacteria is applied in wastewater treatment as an alternative method for reducing the cost of wastewater treatment. The bacteria can grow and develop on elemental sulfur. This paper presents the results of industrial wastewater treatment of ammonium nitrate by two processes: nitrification using activated sludge and denitrification using sulfur and limestone packed-bed bioreactors. Sulfur was used as an electron donor, reducing nitrate to nitrogen gas with sulfate as a by-product. Limestone was used as a material that could minimize the pH decrease caused by the sulfate formation. The residence time applied in this study was from 1 to 4 days; the longer the residence time, the higher the efficiency of nitrogen nitrate reduction. The highest efficiency of nitrate-nitrogen reduction was 97%, achieved at a residence time of 4 days at the nitrate-nitrogen initial concentration of 2,000 mg/L. The water pH during the denitrification process was in the range of 6.5-7.5, meeting the pH quality standard to be discharged into the environment.
An overview of the circular economy activity for small island wastes and marine debris
Authors: Chandra H , Ismail M F A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The national regulation’s scheme to tackle waste and debris in Indonesia’s small islands is by applying the 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) program. This concept was written in Presidential Regulation no 97 in the year 2017, regarding the National Strategy and Policy of the Management for Household Waste and Similar Waste. Presidential Regulation no. 83/2018 regarding Marine Debris Management also focused on minimizing trash and wastes leaked into the marine water due to anthropogenic activities. The term circular economy has grown significantly since Boulding initiated it in 1966 to countermeasure pollution problems. This paper presents the reality of waste management that occurs in small islands and recommendations for sustainable management according to the circular economy concept. The methodology for this paper was by studying regulations in Indonesia, reviewing circular economy literature, and surveying the reality of waste management implementation in small islands in Kepulauan Seribu, Karimun Jawa, and Wakatobi. The results of the study provide a surprising reality but are common in small islands. Non-organic and solid waste that has no economic value (to be recycled) is used as reclamation material. Economical waste for recycling is managed by a waste bank organization. Organic waste is made into compost or burned in an incinerator that is still functioning. The waste residue on the island is then transported using a garbage transport ship (specifically for the Kepulauan Seribu). For the Karimun Jawa Islands, residual waste is only collected at the temporary dumping area (TPS) in the form of a landfill. Similarly, what happened in the Wakatobi Islands, the residual waste was piled up at the TPS. The implementation of a circular economy in small islands achieves only 2R (reuse and recycle) activities of the 7Rs (redesign, reduce, reuse, repair, refurbish, recycle, and recover). Based on the observation of activities of commercial organizations or communities, the status for implementing a fully circular economy on the small islands is a long journey ahead.
Production of bio-briquettes from pineapple peels and sewage sludge as an alternative renewable energy
Authors: Ariani I K , Anifah E M , Sholikah U , Banaget C K , Maharani V G S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The need to investigate an eco-friendly and renewable alternative energy source has been prompted by issues relating to the depletion of conventional fuel resources. One of the best green energy alternatives is bioenergy, which also encourages the sustainable use of agricultural waste. This study was carried out to investigate the utilization of pineapple peels for bio-briquette production. This study aimed to determine the characterization of bio-briquette by using different variations in the composition of sewage sludge, pineapple peels, and adhesive types, and to investigate the effect of different adhesive types on briquette characteristics. This research used rejected papaya, cow dung, and starch as the adhesive. The sludge, peels, and adhesives were blended in the ratios of (90:0:10); (70:20:10); (60:30:10); (30:60:10); (20:70:10); and (0:90:10). The result shows that the optimum briquettes were produced from (0:90:10) composition which was 0% sludge, 90% peel, and 10% starch. These briquettes with (0:90:10) composition had a water content of 5%, ash content of 11%, volatile matter of 13%, fixed carbon of 76%, and calorific value of 4,753.99 Cal/g. Calorific values increased as the composition of pineapple peels increased. Moreover, briquette with starch as the adhesive had better physical properties compared to adhesive from rejected papaya and cow dung.
The evaluation of the used diapers recycling process in Bank Sampah Bersinar
Authors: Indriati L , Wattimena R B I , Febriyanti S R , Rostika I , Syamsudin  , Aini M N , Setiawan Y 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Disposal of used diapers causes environmental pollution problems. Bank Sampah Bersinar, which is located in Bale Endah, Kabupaten Bandung, West Java Province, Indonesia, has made an effort to recycle used diapers and has been operating since 2021 with a capacity of around 5 tonnes of used diapers per month. The process is started by shredding the used diapers and separating the plastic fraction. The fibre and super absorbent polymer (SAP) slurry are then cooked at about 85 °C and squeezed to separate the SAP gel. The fibre resting in the laundry bag is washed and then sun-dried. The performance of the process has been evaluated and reported in this paper. The recycling efficiency of fibre and plastic was around 1.12% and 31.9%, respectively. The highest loss occurred in the shredder, i.e., about 51% of the material was left in the bottom of the shredder. Both recycled fibre and plastic fractions still contained contaminants. The recycled plastic fraction was difficult to dry since it was contaminated by SAP gel. Three washing methods of recycled plastic have been tried. The recycled plastic fraction with 6–10% of moisture was obtained by using the counter-current washing system. About 73% of recycled fibre was categorised as long fibres, longer than 2 mm. However, the fibre fraction still contained plastic flakes contaminants. The cooking process at 180 °C reduced the number of microorganisms in the fibre fraction effectively. The recycling process still needs to be improved, especially to reduce material loss and get cleaner fibre and plastic fractions.