bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid eye movement sleep affects interictal epileptic activity differently in mesiotemporal and neocortical areas
Authors: Ho Alyssa , Hannan Sana , Thomas John , Avigdor Tamir , Abdallah Chifaou , Dubeau François , Gotman Jean , Frauscher Birgit 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveRapid eye movement (REM) sleep reduces the rate and extent of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs). Breakthrough epileptic activity during REM sleep is therefore thought to best localize the seizure onset zone (SOZ). We utilized polysomnography combined with direct cortical recordings to investigate the influences of anatomical locations and the time of night on the suppressive effect of REM sleep on IEDs.MethodsForty consecutive patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy underwent combined polysomnography and stereo‐electroencephalography during presurgical evaluation. Ten‐minute interictal epochs were selected 2 h prior to sleep onset (wakefulness), and from the first and second half of the night during non‐REM (NREM) sleep and REM sleep. IEDs were detected automatically across all channels. Anatomic localization, time of night, and channel type (within or outside the SOZ) were tested as modulating factors.ResultsRelative to wakefulness, there was a suppression of IEDs by REM sleep in neocortical regions (median = −27.6%), whereas mesiotemporal regions showed an increase in IEDs (19.1%, p = .01, d = .39). This effect was reversed when comparing the regional suppression of IEDs by REM sleep relative to NREM sleep (−35.1% in neocortical, −58.7% in mesiotemporal, p < .001, d = .39). Across all patients, no clinically relevant novel IED regions were observed in REM sleep versus NREM or wakefulness based on our predetermined thresholds (4 IEDs/min in REM, 0 IEDs/min in NREM and wakefulness). Finally, there was a reduction in IEDs in late (NREM: 1.08/min, REM: .61/min) compared to early sleep (NREM: 1.22/min, REM: .69/min) for both NREM (p < .001, d = .21) and REM (p = .04, d = .14).SignificanceOur results demonstrate a spatiotemporal effect of IED suppression by REM sleep relative to wakefulness in neocortical but not mesiotemporal regions, and in late versus early sleep. This suggests the importance of considering sleep stage interactions and the potential influences of anatomical locations when using IEDs to define the epileptic focus.
Pathogenesis of non‐infection related inflammatory root resorption in permanent teeth: A narrative review
Authors: Lin Shaul , Mavridou Athina M. , Novak Rostislav , Moreinos Daniel , Abbott Paul Vincent , Rotstein Ilan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanism of action of root resorption in a permanent tooth can be classified as infection‐related (e.g., microbial infection) or non‐infection‐related (e.g., sterile damage). Infection induced root resorption occurs due to bacterial invasion. Non‐infection‐related root resorption stimulates the immune system through a different mechanism.ObjectivesThe aim of this narrative review is to describe the pathophysiologic process of non‐infection‐related inflammatory processes involved in root resorption of permanent teeth.MethodsA literature search on root resorption was conducted using Scopus (PubMed and Medline) and Google Scholar databases to highlight the pathophysiology of bone and root resorption in non‐infection‐related situations. The search included key words covering the relevant category. It included in vitro and in vivo studies, systematic reviews, case series, reviews, and textbooks in English. Conference proceedings, lectures and letters to the editor were excluded.ResultsThree types of root resorption are related to the non‐infection mechanism of action, which includes surface resorption due to either trauma or excessive orthodontic forces, external replacement resorption and external cervical resorption. The triggers are usually damage associated molecular patterns and hypoxia conditions. During this phase macrophages and clastic cells act to eliminate the damaged tissue and bone, eventually enabling root resorption and bone repair as part of wound healing.DiscussionThe resorption of the root occurs during the inflammatory phase of wound healing. In this phase, damaged tissues are recognized by macrophages and neutrophiles that secrete interlaukines such as TNF‐α, IL‐1, IL‐6, IL‐8. Together with the hypoxia condition that accelarates the secretion of growth factors, the repair of the damaged perioduntiom, including damaged bone, is initiated. If the precementum and cementoblast are injured, root resorption can occur.ConclusionsWound healing exhibits different patterns of action that involves immune stimulation in a bio‐physiological activity, that occurs in the proper sequence, with overlapping phases. Two pathologic conditions, DAMPs and hypoxia, can activate the immune cells including clastic cells, eliminating damaged tissue and bone. Under certain conditions, root resorption occurs as a side effect.
Comparisons between diluted thrombin time, ecarin chromogenic assays, and UPLC–MS for plasma level dabigatran quantification: Results from DRIVING study
Authors: de Fautereau‐Vassel Ambre , Mokhtarian Antoine , Mangenot Manon , Krekounian Ombeline , Kousignian Isabelle , Delavenne Xavier , Curis Emmanuel , Gouin‐Thibault Isabelle , Siguret Virginie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe knowledge of dabigatran levels is helpful for decision‐making in specific situations such as urgent surgery or when the question of reversal arises (uncontrolled bleeding, eligibility for thrombolysis). However, a limited number of observational studies are available regarding comparisons between quantification methods. The objective of the study was to compare dabigatran plasma levels using three assays including the reference method (high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry), focusing on the agreement around the 30–50 ng/mL clinically relevant thresholds.MethodsSixty healthy volunteers from DRIVING trial (NCT01627665) were given a single 300‐mg dabigatran etexilate dose. Serial blood samplings were performed at pre‐defined time points (0 to 24 h). We analyzed plasma samples using ultra‐performance‐liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS) (dabigatran reference method); ii/diluted thrombin time (dTT) (Hemoclot‐DTI‐Hyphen‐Biomed); iii/ecarin‐based chromogenic assay (ECA‐II‐Stago).ResultsNine hundred sixty samples were analyzed using the three assays (2759 values). dTT and ECA‐II values were highly correlated with those of UPLC‐MS (Deming regression). Most values >50 ng/mL were higher using dTT and ECA‐II compared to UPLC‐MS: biases were constant, +14% and +16% with dTT and ECA‐II, respectively (Bland–Altman plots), suggesting that active metabolites accounted for ~15% of thrombin inhibition. Regarding values <30 ng/mL, 30–50 ng/mL, or ≥50 ng/mL, the agreement probability between dTT and ECA‐II was of 90.6% [88.4–92.5] (Cohen's kappa coefficient 0.84).ConclusiondTT and ECA‐II assays rapidly provide accurate dabigatran‐level results for clinical practice, both assays being suitable in emergency, taking into account the thrombin inhibitory effect of dabigatran metabolites.
Association between obesity and risk of delayed discharge and unplanned readmission for day surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xiao Shan , Dai Yan , Huang Mingjun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsThis work aims to investigate the association between obesity and risk of delayed discharge and unplanned readmission in day surgery patients.BackgroundDay surgeries are well received and developing rapidly. Associations between obesity and delayed discharge and unplanned readmission, which are clinically relevant outcomes in day surgeries, are complex.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted.Data SourcesThe PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, and Wan Fang databases were comprehensively searched from inception until January 2021.Review MethodsTwo independent reviewers assessed the studies and extracted data. Pooled estimates were obtained using a random‐effects model.ResultsEleven articles published between 2007 and 2020 were finally included. Obesity appeared not to increase the risk of delayed discharge. However, morbid obesity seemed to be associated with a higher risk of delayed discharge. The meta‐analysis revealed no relationship between higher body mass index (BMI) and unplanned readmission for day surgery patients.ConclusionsObesity appeared not to increase the risk of delayed discharge except in patients with morbid obesity. Additionally, a higher BMI was not associated with increased risk of unplanned readmission after day surgery. Future studies are required to address this issue further in different types of surgery and areas.
Utility of multigene panel next‐generation sequencing in routine clinical practice for identifying genomic alterations in newly diagnosed metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Nindra Udit , Pal Abhijit , Bray Victoria , Yip Po Y. , Tognela Annette , Roberts Tara L. , Becker Therese M. , Williamson Jonathon , Farzin Mahtab , Li Jing J. , Lea Vivienne , Hagelamin Abeer , Ng Weng , Wang Bin , Lee C. Soon , Chua Wei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe standard of care in newly diagnosed metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is to test for aberrations in three genes for driver mutations – ALK, ROS1 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) – and also for immunohistochemistry to be performed for programmed death‐ligand 1 expression level. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS), with or without RNA fusion testing, is increasingly used in standard clinical practice to identify patients with potentially actionable mutations. Stratification of NGS mutation tiers is currently based on the European Society of Medical Oncology Scale for Clinical Actionability of Molecular Targets (ESCAT) Tiers I–V and X.AimOur aim was to analyse NSCLC tumour samples for the prevalence of Tiers I–V mutations to establish guidance for current and novel treatments in patients with metastatic disease.MethodsNGS was performed employing the Oncomine Precision Assay (without RNA fusion testing) that interrogates DNA hotspot variants across 45 genes to screen 210 NSCLC tissue samples obtained across six Sydney hospitals between June 2021 and March 2022.ResultsIn our cohort, 161 of 210 (77%) had at least one gene mutation identified, with 41 of 210 (20%) having two or more concurrent mutations. Tier I mutations included 42 of 210 (20%) EGFR mutations (EIA) and five of 210 (3%) MET exon 14 skipping mutations (EIB). Non‐Tier I variants included 22 of 210 (11%) KRAS G12C hotspot mutations (EIIB), with a further 47 of 210 (22%) having non‐G12C KRAS (EX) mutations. NGS testing revealed an additional 15% of cases with Tier II ESCAT mutations in NSCLC. Forty‐six percent of patients also demonstrated potential Tier III and IV mutations that are currently under investigation in early‐phase clinical trials.ConclusionsIn addition to identifying patients with genomic alterations suitable for clinically proven standard‐of‐care therapeutic options, the 45‐gene NGS panel has significant potential in identifying potentially actionable non‐Tier 1 mutations that may become future standard clinical practice in NSCLC.
Simplified dressing change after surgery for high anal fistula: A prospective, single centre randomized controlled study on loose combined cutting seton (LCCS) technique
Authors: Shan Jiaying , Wang Jin , Lu Dongdong , Yu Xudong , Zheng Lihua , Zhang Yaosheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundDressing change is the most important part of postoperative wound care. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a more effective, simple and less painful method of dressing change for anal fistulas could be found without the need for debridement and packing. Data related to postoperative recovery were recorded at postoperative days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 180.MethodsIn this experiment, 76 subjects diagnosed with high anal fistula were randomly divided into a simplified dressing change (SDC) group and a traditional debridement dressing change(TDDC) group according to a ratio of 1:1.ResultsThe SDC group had significantly fewer pain scores, bleeding rates, dressing change times, inpatient days and lower average inpatient costs than the TDDC group. There were no significant differences in wound healing time, area and depth and Wexner score between the two groups.ConclusionsStudies have shown that the use of simplified dressing changes does not affect cure or recurrence rates, but significantly reduces dressing change times and pain during changes, reducing patient inpatient length of stay and costs.
Analysing the causal relationship between potentially protective and risk factors and cutaneous melanoma: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Mingjuan , Lan Yining , Zhang Hanlin , Wu Mengyin , Zhang Xinyi , Leng Ling , Zheng Heyi , Li Jun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevious observational studies reported altered melanoma risks in relation to many potential factors, such as coffee intake, smoking habits and photodamage‐related conditions. Considering the susceptibility of epidemiological studies to residual confounders, there remains uncertainty about the actual causal roles of these reported factors in melanoma aetiology.ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate the causal association between cutaneous melanoma (CM) and previously reported factors: coffee intake, alcohol consumption, lifetime smoking, socioeconomic status (SES), ease of skin tanning, childhood sunburn and facial ageing, providing insight into its underlying aetiology and preventative strategies.MethodsWe utilized a two‐sample MR analysis on data from the largest meta‐analysis summary statistics of confirmed cutaneous melanoma including 30,134 patients. Genetic instrumental variables were constructed by identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that associate with corresponding factors. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was the primary MR method. For sensitivity and heterogeneity, MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, weighted mode and MR Egger intercept tests were examined.ResultsCutaneous melanoma risks were found to be elevated in association with a predisposition towards ease of skin tanning (IVW: OR = 2.842, 95% CI 2.468–3.274, p < 0.001) and with childhood sunburn history (IVW: OR = 6.317, 95% CI 4.479–8.909, p < 0.001). Repeated MR after removing potential confounders and outliers demonstrated resolved horizontal pleiotropy and statistically significant results that closely mirrored the initial findings. Other potential factors, such as coffee intake, alcohol consumption, smoking and socioeconomic status (SES), indicated insignificant effects on melanoma risk in the analysis, and therefore, our Mendelian randomization study does not support their roles in modifying melanoma risks.ConclusionsOur extensive MR analysis provides strong evidence of the causative role of ease of skin tanning and childhood sunburn history in elevating melanoma risk. Curtailing ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure may be the single best preventative strategy to reduce melanoma risk.
Judging fast or slow: The effects of reduced caseloads on gender‐ and ethnic‐based disparities in case outcomes
Authors: Kricheli‐Katz Tamar , Weinshall Keren 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhat is the effect of caseload volume on case outcome disparities based on a litigant's gender or ethnicity? This paper presents three nonexclusive mechanisms to explain possible effects. The first mechanism relates to a litigant's inclination to settle or withdraw claims; the second mechanism concerns the strategic preemption of appeals by judges; and the third mechanism relates to the implicit biases of judges. To document the effect and test the mechanisms, we exploited a natural, near‐randomized experiment in the Israeli judicial framework. In 2012, six senior registrars were appointed to two of the country's six magistrate court districts. The choice of districts was not related to judicial performance. In these two districts, the civil caseload per judge was substantially reduced. We find that while this reduced caseload had a significant impact on the judicial process for all litigants, it had a particularly salient and beneficial effect on outcomes for female and Arab plaintiffs. The exogenous reduction in court caseloads was associated with positive effects for female Jewish plaintiffs in terms of the likelihood of winning the claim, recovery amount (from the claim), and cost‐shifting outcomes. The change was also associated with positive effects for Arab female plaintiffs in terms of the likelihood of winning the claim and the recovery amount (from the claim). Finally, the reduction in caseloads was associated with a positive effect for Arab male plaintiffs in terms of the fraction of the claim that was recovered. Our findings suggest that when judges are able to invest more time and resources in resolving individual cases, they tend to be less influenced by stereotypes about gender and ethnicity. We discuss the contribution of our findings to the literature on judicial bias and the implications for different policies designed to reduce or manage congested courts.
Obstructive sleep apnea heterogeneity and autonomic function: a role for heart rate variability in therapy selection and efficacy monitoring
Authors: Qin Hua , Fietze Ingo , Mazzotti Diego R. , Steenbergen Nicolas , Kraemer Jan F. , Glos Martin , Wessel Niels , Song Lijun , Penzel Thomas , Zhang Xiaowen 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARYObstructive sleep apnea is a highly prevalent sleep‐related breathing disorder, resulting in a disturbed breathing pattern, changes in blood gases, abnormal autonomic regulation, metabolic fluctuation, poor neurocognitive performance, and increased cardiovascular risk. With broad inter‐individual differences recognised in risk factors, clinical symptoms, gene expression, physiological characteristics, and health outcomes, various obstructive sleep apnea subtypes have been identified. Therapeutic efficacy and its impact on outcomes, particularly for cardiovascular consequences, may also vary depending on these features in obstructive sleep apnea. A number of interventions such as positive airway pressure therapies, oral appliance, surgical treatment, and pharmaceutical options are available in clinical practice. Selecting an effective obstructive sleep apnea treatment and therapy is a challenging medical decision due to obstructive sleep apnea heterogeneity and numerous treatment modalities. Thus, an objective marker for clinical evaluation is warranted to estimate the treatment response in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Currently, while the Apnea–Hypopnea Index is used for severity assessment of obstructive sleep apnea and still considered a major guide to diagnosis and managements of obstructive sleep apnea, the Apnea–Hypopnea Index is not a robust marker of symptoms, function, or outcome improvement. Abnormal cardiac autonomic modulation can provide additional insight to better understand obstructive sleep apnea phenotyping. Heart rate variability is a reliable neurocardiac tool to assess altered autonomic function and can also provide cardiovascular information in obstructive sleep apnea. Beyond the Apnea–Hypopnea Index, this review aims to discuss the role of heart rate variability as an indicator and predictor of therapeutic efficacy to different modalities in order to optimise tailored treatment for obstructive sleep apnea.
Phylogeographic relationships and morphological evolution between cave and surface Astyanax mexicanus populations (De Filippi 1853) (Actinopterygii, Characidae)
Authors: Garduño‐Sánchez Marco , Hernández‐Lozano Jorge , Moran Rachel L. , Miranda‐Gamboa Ramsés , Gross Joshua B. , Rohner Nicolas , Elliott William R. , Miller Jeff , Lozano‐Vilano Lourdes , McGaugh Suzanne E. , Ornelas‐García C. Patricia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Astyanax mexicanus complex includes two different morphs, a surface‐ and a cave‐adapted ecotype, found at three mountain ranges in Northeastern Mexico: Sierra de El Abra, Sierra de Guatemala and Sierra de la Colmena (Micos). Since their discovery, multiple studies have attempted to characterize the timing and the number of events that gave rise to the evolution of these cave‐adapted ecotypes. Here, using RADseq and genome‐wide sequencing, we assessed the phylogenetic relationships, genetic structure and gene flow events between the cave and surface Astyanax mexicanus populations, to estimate the tempo and mode of evolution of the cave‐adapted ecotypes. We also evaluated the body shape evolution across different cave lineages using geometric morphometrics to examine the role of phylogenetic signal versus environmental pressures. We found strong evidence of parallel evolution of cave‐adapted ecotypes derived from two separate lineages of surface fish and hypothesize that there may be up to four independent invasions of caves from surface fish. Moreover, a strong congruence between the genetic structure and geographic distribution was observed across the cave populations, with the Sierra de Guatemala the region exhibiting most genetic drift among the cave populations analysed. Interestingly, we found no evidence of phylogenetic signal in body shape evolution, but we found support for parallel evolution in body shape across independent cave lineages, with cavefish from the Sierra de El Abra reflecting the most divergent morphology relative to surface and other cavefish populations.
Model of methane transport in tree stems: Case study of sap flow and radial diffusion
Authors: Anttila Jani , Tikkasalo Olli‐Pekka , Hölttä Teemu , Lintunen Anna , Vainio Elisa , Leppä Kersti , Haikarainen Iikka (P.) , Koivula Hanna , Ghasemi Falk Homa , Kohl Lukas , Launiainen Samuli , Pihlatie Mari 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe transport processes of methane (CH4) in tree stems remain largely unknown, although they are critical in assessing the whole‐forest CH4 dynamics. We used a physically based dynamic model to study the spatial and diurnal dynamics of stem CH4 transport and fluxes. We parameterised the model using data from laboratory experiments with Pinus sylvestris and Betula pendula and compared the model to experimental data from a field study. Stem CH4 flux in laboratory and field conditions were explained by the axial advective CH4 transport from soil with xylem sap flow and the radial CH4 diffusion through the stem conditions. Diffusion resistance caused by the bark permeability did not significantly affect gas transport or stem CH4 flux in the laboratory experiments. The role of axial diffusion of CH4 in trees was unresolved and requires further studies. Due to the transit time of CH4 in the stem, the diurnal dynamics of stem CH4 fluxes can deviate markedly from the diurnal dynamics of sap flow.