bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moment maps and cohomology of non-reductive quotients
Authors: Bérczi Gergely , Kirwan Frances 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLet $H$
H
be a complex linear algebraic group with internally graded unipotent radical acting on a complex projective variety $X$
X
. Given an ample linearisation of the action and an associated Fubini–Study Kähler form which is invariant for a maximal compact subgroup $Q$
Q
of $H$
H
, we define a notion of moment map for the action of $H$
H
, and under suitable conditions (that the linearisation is well-adapted and semistability coincides with stability) we describe the (non-reductive) GIT quotient $X/\!/H$
X
/
/
H
introduced in (Bérczi et al. in J. Topol. 11(3):826–855, 2018) in terms of this moment map. Using this description we derive formulas for the Betti numbers of $X/\!/H$
X
/
/
H
and express the rational cohomology ring of $X/\!/H$
X
/
/
H
in terms of the rational cohomology ring of the GIT quotient $X/\!/T^{H}$
X
/
/

T
H

, where $T^{H}$

T
H

is a maximal torus in $H$
H
. We relate intersection pairings on $X/\!/H$
X
/
/
H
to intersection pairings on $X/\!/T^{H}$
X
/
/

T
H

, obtaining a residue formula for these pairings on $X/\!/H$
X
/
/
H
analogous to the residue formula of (Jeffrey and Kirwan in Topology 34(2):291–327, 1995). As an application, we announce a proof of the Green–Griffiths–Lang and Kobayashi conjectures for projective hypersurfaces with polynomial degree.
Strong Stationarity for Optimal Control Problems with Non-smooth Integral Equation Constraints: Application to a Continuous DNN
Authors: Antil Harbir , Betz Livia , Wachsmuth Daniel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMotivated by the residual type neural networks (ResNet), this paper studies optimal control problems constrained by a non-smooth integral equation associated to a fractional differential equation. Such non-smooth equations, for instance, arise in the continuous representation of fractional deep neural networks (DNNs). Here the underlying non-differentiable function is the ReLU or max function. The control enters in a nonlinear and multiplicative manner and we additionally impose control constraints. Because of the presence of the non-differentiable mapping, the application of standard adjoint calculus is excluded. We derive strong stationary conditions by relying on the limited differentiability properties of the non-smooth map. While traditional approaches smoothen the non-differentiable function, no such smoothness is retained in our final strong stationarity system. Thus, this work also closes a gap which currently exists in continuous neural networks with ReLU type activation function.
Electrochemical transport modelling and open-source simulation of pore-scale solid–liquid systems
Authors: Barnett Robert , Municchi Federico , King John , Icardi Matteo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe modelling of electrokinetic flows is a critical aspect spanning many industrial applications and research fields. This has introduced great demand in flexible numerical solvers to describe these flows. The underlying phenomena are microscopic, non-linear, and often involving multiple domains. Therefore often model assumptions and several numerical approximations are introduced to simplify the solution. In this work we present a multi-domain multi-species electrokinetic flow model including complex interface and bulk reactions. After a dimensional analysis and an overview of some limiting regimes, we present a set of general-purpose finite-volume solvers, based on OpenFOAM® , capable of describing an arbitrary number of electrochemical species over multiple interacting (solid or fluid) domains (Icardi and Barnett in F Municchi spnpFoam, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4973896). We provide a verification of the computational approach for several cases involving electrokinetic flows, reactions between species, and complex geometries. We first present three one-dimensional verification test-cases, and then show the capability of the solver to tackle two- and three-dimensional electrically driven flows and ionic transport in random porous structures. The purpose of this work is to lay the foundation of a general-purpose open-source flexible modelling tool for problems in electrochemistry and electrokinetics at different scales.
Effects of 12 weeks of neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscles on the function and physio-biochemical traits in functionally fit female nursing-home residents aged 75 + years: a pilot study
Authors: Zarzeczny Ryszard , Nawrat-Szołtysik Agnieszka , Polak Anna 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Muscular changes induced by neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) are well recognized, but knowledge of how NMES influences the physio-biochemical traits of the oldest old is still limited. This study investigated the effect of NMES applied for 12 weeks to the quadriceps muscles of female nursing-home residents aged 75 + on their functional capability and inflammatory, bone metabolism, and cardiovascular traits.

Methods
Nineteen women regularly taking part in two body conditioning sessions per week were randomized into an electrical stimulation group (ES; n = 10; 30 min sessions, 3 times per week) or a control group (CON; n = 9). At baseline and study week 12, all women performed the 30 s chair stand test (30sCST), the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and the instrumented timed up and go test (iTUG). Resting heart rates, blood pressure, and the blood concentrations of inflammatory and bone metabolism markers were also measured twice.

Results
NMES increased the strength of participants’ quadriceps muscles and their performance on the 30sCST and 6MWT while lowering resting arterial blood pressure and inflammatory marker levels; osteoclast activity showed a tendency to decrease. Changes in the iTUG results were not observed. A multiple regression analysis found that the results of functional tests in the ES group were best correlated with pulse pressure (the 30sCST and iTUG tests) and diastolic blood pressure (the 6MWT test).

Conclusion
Twelve weeks of NMES treatment improved participants’ functional capacity and inflammatory, bone metabolism, and cardiovascular traits. The ES group participants’ performance on functional tests was best predicted by hemodynamic parameters.
Systemic inflammatory biomarkers as prognostic tools in patients with gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Puhr Hannah C. , Weirauch Clemens C. , Selimi Flora , Oberreiter Karin , Dieterle Martin A. , Jomrich Gerd , Schoppmann Sebastian F. , Prager Gerald W. , Berghoff Anna S. , Preusser Matthias , Ilhan-Mutlu Aysegül 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma is associated with poor prognosis, even in resectable stages. Systemic inflammation plays a key role in cancer progression. Yet, information on prognostic values of systemic inflammatory parameters in European cohorts is scarce.

Methods
We analysed systemic inflammatory biomarkers (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), leucocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (LLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS)) at the time of cancer diagnosis and their association with overall survival (OS) in patients with gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma treated at the Medical University of Vienna between 1990 and 2020.

Results
In this analysis of 769 patients with gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma, higher mGPS (0–2) scores were associated with shorter OS in the overall cohort (24.9 versus 11.9 versus 7.6 months; HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.549–1.056; p < 0.001), in locally advanced (31.1 versus 19.8 versus 13.9 months, HR 1.561, 95% CI 1.274–1.912; p < 0.001) and in advanced/metastatic settings (12.3 versus 7.3 versus 5.8 months; HR 1.377, 95% CI 1.777–1.611; p < 0.001). In multivariate analyses, the association of mGPS with the OS stayed statistically significant in the locally advanced cohort (HR 1.397, 95% CI 1.068–1.828; p = 0.015), whereas NLR, LLR, PLR and SIRI did not. mGPS was associated with more advanced stages (p < 0.001) and weight loss (p = 0.002).

Conclusion
mGPS poses a feasible prognostic tool in patients with locally advanced gastroesophageal cancer.
Surgical timing and indications for decompressive craniectomy in malignant stroke: results from a single-center retrospective analysis
Authors: Hernández-Durán Silvia , Hautmann Xenia , Rohde Veit , von der Brelie Christian , Mielke Dorothee 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Acute ischemic stroke induces rapid neuronal death and time is a key factor in its treatment. Despite timely recanalization, malignant cerebral infarction can ensue, requiring decompressive surgery (DC). The ideal timing of surgery is still a matter of debate; in this study, we attempt to establish the ideal time to perform surgery in this population.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of patients undergoing DC for stroke at our department. The indication for DC was based on drop in level of consciousness and standard imaging parameters. Patients were stratified according to the timing of DC in four groups: (a) “ultra-early” ≤12 h, (b) “early” >12≤24 h, (c) “timely” >24≤48 h, and (d) “late” >48 h. The primary endpoint of this study was in-house mortality, as a dependent variable from surgical timing. Secondary endpoint was modified Rankin scale at discharge.

Results
In a cohort of 110 patients, the timing of surgery did not influence mortality or functional outcome (p=0.060). Patients undergoing late DC were however significantly older (p=0.008), and those undergoing ultra-early DC showed a trend towards a lower GCS at admission.

Conclusions
Our results add to the evidence supporting an extension of the time window for DC in stroke beyond 48 h. Further criteria beyond clinical and imaging signs of herniation should be considered when selecting patients for DC after stroke to identify patients who would benefit from the procedure.
Long-term golimumab persistence: Five-year treatment retention data pooled from pivotal Phase III clinical trials in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Weinstein Cindy L. J. , Meehan Alan G. , Lin Jianxin , Briscoe Steven D. , Govoni Marinella 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Golimumab, a monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α), is used widely for treatment of rheumatic diseases. Long-term persistence is an important factor influencing therapeutic benefit and is a surrogate measure of efficacy. We compared five-year golimumab treatment persistence across studies, indications, and lines of therapy using pooled data from pivotal golimumab Phase III clinical trials.

Methods
This post-hoc analysis evaluated use of golimumab administered subcutaneously (50 or 100 mg every four weeks) for up to five years in 2228 adult participants with rheumatoid arthritis (RA; GO-BEFORE, GO-AFTER, and GO-FORWARD studies), psoriatic arthritis (PsA; GO-REVEAL study), or ankylosing spondylitis (AS; GO-RAISE study). Retention rate differences were evaluated by study, indication, and line of therapy using log-rank tests, and probability of treatment persistence was estimated by Kaplan–Meier analysis.

Results
Golimumab retention rates at Year 5 were consistently high when used as 1st-line therapy (69.8%) and did not differ significantly across the three indications tested (p = 0.5106) or across 1st-line studies (p = 0.2327). Retention at Year 5 was better in participants using golimumab as 1st-line than in those using it as 2nd-line (41.6%) therapy. Participants on 2nd-line golimumab therapy had a longer disease duration (median 9.2 years versus 3.7 years) than those on 1st-line golimumab therapy.

Conclusions
These data support the value of long-term golimumab therapy in patients with chronic, immune-mediated rheumatic diseases when used as 1st-line (RA, PsA, AS) or 2nd-line (RA) therapy.

Key Points• Golimumab is a human monoclonal antibody directed against tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α) and is approved widely for the treatment of rheumatic autoimmune diseases.• We compared the probability of treatment persistence, or the time of continuous drug use, for golimumab across five Phase III studies spanning multiple rheumatic indications over five years.• Treatment persistence was favorable and did not differ significantly for participants with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis, but persistence was greater when golimumab was used as 1st-line than as 2nd-line biologic therapy.
Use of rasburicase to improve kidney function in children with hyperuricemia and acute kidney injury
Authors: Herrero-Goñi María , Zugazabeitia Irazábal Amaia , Madariaga Leire , Chávarri Gil Estibaliz , Gondra Leire , Aguirre Meñica Mireia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Hyperuricemia contributes to decrease in kidney function and induces additional renal damage in children with acute kidney injury (AKI). Rasburicase oxidizes uric acid (UA), decreasing its serum quantities in less than 24 h.

Methods
This is a retrospective study involving hospitalized patients under 18 years of age with underlying pathology diagnosed with AKI and severe hyperuricemia treated with rasburicase over a 4-year period.

Results
We describe 15 patients from 4 days of life to 18 years (median: 4.4 years). Seventy-three percent had known underlying pathologies. All presented worsening of basal renal function or AKI data. All received the usual medical treatment for AKI without response. Twenty percent received an extrarenal depuration technique. All had hyperuricemia with a mean (± SD) of 13.1 (± 2.19) mg/dl. After rasburicase administration UA levels fell to a mean (± SD) of 0.76 (± 0.62) mg/dl (p < 0.001) in less than 24 h. In parallel, a decrease in the mean plasma creatinine was observed (2.92 mg/dl to 1.93 mg/dl (p = 0.057)) together with a significant improvement of the mean glomerular filtration rate (16.3 ml/min/1.73 m2 to 78.6 ml/min/1.73 m2) (p = 0.001)). No side effects were recorded. Kidney function normalized in all cases or returned to baseline levels.

Conclusions
Although the use of rasburicase is not routinely approved in pediatric patients with severe hyperuricemia and AKI, it has been used successfully without complications, and helped prevent progressive kidney damage. This study could serve as a basis for suggesting the off-label use of rasburicase for the management of complex pediatric patients in whom UA plays an important role in the development of AKI.
Insect diversity in heterogeneous agro-environments of Central Europe
Authors: Habel Jan Christian , Ulrich Werner , Segerer Andreas H. , Greifenstein Thomas , Knubben Johannes , Morinière Jerôme , Bozicevic Vedran , Günter Armin , Hausmann Axel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInsect diversity has been decreasing significantly during the past decades. A main driver causing this negative trend is agricultural intensification, which causes habitat destruction and a deterioration of habitat quality. We caught flying arthropods with 28 Malaise traps and two light traps across a heterogeneous Central European agro-environment in southern Germany over a period of four years. The arthropods captured with Malaise traps were assigned to barcode index numbers (BINs) based on metabarcoding. Lepidopterans caught with light traps and light towers were identified based on morphological characters. Within the four years study, a total of 11,984 insect operational taxonomic units (OTUs) related to unique BINs on BOLD (> 95% similarity) were recorded across this agro-environment. 7835 of them could be assigned to insect order and the vast majority of them represent different species. Different estimates of the total species richness ranged between 8188 and 11,512 OTUs (a proxy for species). This number corresponds to about 26–36% of the total German insect fauna. Light trapping also yielded a high species diversity and returned 502 Lepidoptera species (compared to 784 species captured with Malaise traps). The overlap between light and Malaise traps was less than 45%. The Malaise trap catches showed that insects are more diverse along forest edges than in the centre of meadows. Our findings underline the high value of heterogeneous agro-environments for biodiversity, and the high value when combining data collected with different sampling techniques.
Online work-based learning: A systematic literature review
Authors: Rienties Bart , Divjak Blazenka , Iniesto Francisco , Pažur Aničić Katarina , Žižak Mirza 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIt is widely acknowledged that graduates need to develop skills and competences beyond the theoretical knowledge nurtured within higher education curricula. In the last twenty years there has been an increased interest in supporting learners with work-based learning (WBL) (e.g. apprenticeships, practice-based lab sessions, project-based learning). The experience of COVID-19-related lockdowns has ignited a push to support and provide these opportunities for skills development online. In this systematic literature review, the authors explored (1) which innovative technologies and online WBL typologies are implemented in online WBL in higher education; and (2) to what extent there is evidence that online WBL is effective. From an initial pool of 269 studies identified from two datasets, the authors selected thirteen studies which implemented and evaluated online WBL. In total, 1,015 respondents were included in these studies (M = 84.58, SD = 118.28, range: 7–390). The authors’ findings indicate that most studies used descriptive, qualitative approaches to explore the lived experiences of participants, mostly from Australia. Substantial differences were found in the designs of online WBL practices and technologies, although there was limited robust evidence of effectiveness due to a lack of evidence-based evaluation approaches. The authors encourage WBL researchers to be more precise in their design parameters of online WBL, and to consider (quasi)experimental designs to measure the impact of their approaches.
Friction and Lubrication of Eye/Lens/Lid Interface: The Effect of Lubricant and Contact Lens Material
Authors: Nečas David , Kulíšek Vlastimil , Štěpán Petr , Ondreáš František , Čípek Pavel , Huerta-Angeles Gloria , Vrbka Martin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIrritation of the eye in the case of contact lens users may imply dry eye syndrome (DES), commonly treated by eye drops. The paper focuses on measuring the friction coefficient with the simultaneous observation of lubricating film formation of the simulated eye/lens/lid interface. The experiments are performed in a pin-on-plate setup under the linear reciprocal motion. The contact is lubricated by twelve different solutions as the potential ingredients for eye drops, focusing on the role of mucin, buffer type, and molecular weight (MW) of hyaluronic acid (HA). Two commercially available contact lenses are studied, while overall lens performance is evaluated, among others. The results showed that the lens material, the presence of mucin, and the type of buffer have a decisive influence on the contact behavior. Specifically, it is concluded that the selection of eye drops should reflect the type of lens the wearers use and the conditions of their tear film. The appropriate ingredient for Acuvue Oasys and Biofinity contact lenses is suggested based on the score of the biotribological performance of the lubricant, taking both friction and lubrication into account.
Laparoscopic assisted dismembered pyeloplasty versus open pyeloplasty in UPJO with poorly function kidney in pediatrics
Authors: Daboos Mohammad , Lamiri Rachida , Aziza Bochra , Marzougui Mohamed , Kechiche Nahla , Sahnoun Lassaad , Abdelaziz Mohamed , Abdelmaboud Mohamed , Azab Ahmed , Shaban Mahmoud 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The management of UPJO with poor function kidney, less than 10%, has been the subject of debate for more than a decade. Some authors have recommended nephrectomy, while others favor renal salvage (pyeloplasty). We report our experience with laparoscopic assisted pyeloplasty in pediatric patients with poorly functioning kidneys in comparison with an open approach.

Materials and methods
A retrospective study was conducted to review 65 patients who were diagnosed with hydronephrosis and had impaired renal function due to UPJO. The study was conducted in the pediatric surgery departments of Al-Azhar University Hospital and Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir over a period of 20 years. Limited to pediatric patients with UPJO with ≥ Grade III hydronephrosis, antero-posterior pelvic diameter ≥ 20 mm, as well as a renal function equal to or less than 10%, was corrected by laparoscopic assisted or open pyeloplasty.

Results
There were 40 cases in group A who underwent laparoscopic assisted pyeloplasty, and 25 cases in group B who underwent open pyeloplasty. There were no complications or difficulties during the operation. The mean operative time in group A was 90 ± 12 min, while in group B, it was 120 ± 11 min. The renal assessment parameters significantly improved in both groups. In group A, the mean split renal function was 7.9 ± 1.3% and increased to 22.2 ± 6.3%. In group B, the mean split renal function was 8.1 ± 1.1% and increased to 24.2 ± 5.1%. However, the differences between both groups in terms of pre-operative and post-operative renal functions were statistically insignificant.

Conclusion
Laparoscopic assisted pyeloplasty is an effective treatment for patients with poorly functioning kidneys, especially those with less than 10% function. While this surgical procedure requires shorter operative times, it yields functional outcomes that are comparable to open approach.
Widely tunable and high resolution mid-infrared laser based on BaGa4Se7 optical parametric oscillator
Authors: Ye Qing , Kong Hui , Bian Jintian , Yao Jiyong , Wang Enlong , Wu Yunlong , Xu Haiping , Wen Kaihua , Hu Yihua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe widely tunable and high resolution mid-infrared laser based on a BaGa4Se7 (BGSe) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) was demonstrated. A wavelength tuning range of 2.76–4.64 μm and a wavelength tuning resolution of about 0.3 nm were obtained by a BGSe (56.3°, 0°) OPO, which was pumped by a 1064 nm laser. It is the narrowest reported wavelength tuning resolution for BGSe OPO, and was obtained by simultaneously controlling the angle and temperature of BGSe.
Graphical Abstract
68Ga-FAPi: Pathways and Diagnosis in Cardiac Imaging
Authors: Popescu Cristina Elena , Ferro Paola , Gotuzzo Irene , Burger Irene , Rominger Axel , Caobelli Federico 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Myocardial fibrosis is a response to myocardial injury and plays a pivotal role in ventricular remodeling. Different patterns of fibrosis are associated with different disease states, but the presence and amount of fibrosis provide a different impact on prognosis.

Recent Findings
In the latest years, fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPi) positron emission tomography (PET) gain interest for its potential in detecting myocardial fibrosis, in differentiating between active and chronic disease, and in the assessment of disease progression and response to treatment.

Summary
We aim to highlight the most relevant current applications of FAPi PET/CT in cardiovascular imaging, focusing on its applications, advantages, limitations, and to underline future clinical perspective.