bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aesthetic Surgical Pathway in Permanent Facial Filler Removal
Authors: Pascali Michele , Chirico Fabrizio , Rugge Luigi , Rauso Raffaele 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough permanent fillers have been introduced in order to get long-lasting results, many studies have shown numerous severe and disfiguring complications. Nonsurgical procedures may mitigate those adverse events but the only way to remove the filler previously injected is represented by surgical excision. We present a pathway of facial surgical accesses to be performed achieving two goals: permanent filler removal and restore facial aesthetic balance. The proposed surgical accesses are already standardized in aesthetic surgical practice in order to avoid direct excision and unpleasant facial scar. A total of 231 patients underwent surgery for permanent filler removal and aesthetic restoration of the involved facial area, represented by forehead, glabella, nose, cheeks, eyelids, chin, jawline, and lips. Magnetic resonance evaluation was performed with the exception of lip patients who were evaluated with ultrasound. Postoperative follow-up was 12 months to 6 years. Subjective and objective methods were used for outcome evaluation according to the FACE-Q questionnaire. Functional and aesthetic correction was scored using the patient-graded Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), overall patient satisfaction was assessed by a five-point scale questionnaire. Functional and aesthetic restoration was globally recognized as improved according to the GAIS. Patients reported high levels of satisfaction assessed by a five-point scale questionnaire. A very good satisfaction level was registered in both subjective and objective judgment scores. To the best of our knowledge, we present the largest case series regarding surgical removal of permanent facial fillers. A proper preoperative evaluation, filler removal followed by restorative facial aesthetic surgery technique is paramount to approach challenging cases.
Individualized Homeopathic Medicines for Low Back Pain in Lumbar Spondylosis: Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Prakash Akshaya , Bhowmik Nitai Chand , Singh Subhas , Sadhukhan Satarupa , Rai Shruti , Singh Suman , Kumar Umesh , Rahim Fathima , Balamurugan Dharshna , Bhar Koushik , Singh Navin Kumar , Koley Munmun , Saha Subhranil 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction Lumbar spondylosis (LS) is a degenerative disorder of the lumbar spine. Despite substantial research efforts, no gold-standard treatment for LS has been identified. The efficacy of individualized homeopathic medicines (IHMs) in LS has remained under-researched. In this study, the efficacy of IHMs was compared with identical-looking placebos in the treatment of low back pain associated with LS.
Methods A double-blind, randomized (1:1), placebo-controlled trial was conducted at the National Institute of Homoeopathy, West Bengal, India. Patients were randomized to receive IHMs or placebos, along with standardized concomitant care for both the groups. The Oswestry low back pain and disability questionnaire (ODQ) was the primary outcome; the Roland-Morris questionnaire (RMQ) and the short form of the McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ) were the secondary outcomes. Each was measured at baseline and every month for 3 months. The intention-to-treat (ITT) sample was analyzed to detect any inter-group differences using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance models overall and by unpaired t-tests at different time points.
Results Enrolment was stopped prematurely because of time restrictions; 55 patients were randomized (verum: 28; control: 27); 49 were analyzed by ITT (verum: 26; control: 23). Inter-group differences in ODQ (F
1, 47 = 0.001, p = 0.977), RMQ (F
1, 47 = 0.190, p = 0.665) and SF-MPQ total score (F
1, 47 = 3.183, p = 0.081) at 3 months were not statistically significant. SF-MPQ total score after 2 months (p = 0.030) revealed inter-group statistical significance, favoring IHMs against placebos. Some of the SF-MPQ sub-scales at different time points were also statistically significant: e.g., the SF-MPQ average pain score after 2 months (p = 0.002) and 3 months (p = 0.007). Rhus toxicodendron, Sulphur and Pulsatilla nigricans were the most frequently indicated medicines.
Conclusion Owing to failure in detecting a statistically significant effect for the primary outcome and in recruiting a sufficient number of participants, our trial remained inconclusive.
Trial registration CTRI/2019/11/021918.
Bacterial Decontamination: Bowel Preparation and Chlorhexidine Bathing
Authors: Bornstein Yadin , Wick Elizabeth C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInfectious complications following bowel surgery continues to be a leading cause of postoperative morbidity. Both patient- and procedure-related factors contribute to risk. Compliance with evidence-based process measures is the best strategy for prevention of surgical site infections. Three process measures that aim to reduce the bacterial load present at the time of surgery are mechanical bowel preparation, oral antibiotics, and chlorhexidine bathing. There is heightened awareness of surgical site infections, in part due to improved access to reliable postoperative complication data for colon surgery as well as incorporation of surgical site infection into public reporting and pay-for-performance payment models. As a result, the literature has improved with regard to the effectiveness of these methods in reducing infectious complications. Herein, we provide the evidence to support adoption of these practices into colorectal surgery infection prevention programs.
Engaging the next generation: authoritarian regimes and their young diaspora
Authors: Wackenhut Arne F. , Orjuela Camilla 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecent scholarship on diaspora engagement and transnational repression has investigated how authoritarian regimes seek to engage, govern and control their diasporas. Recognizing that diasporas are diverse and that homeland states thus devise different strategies in relation to different groups, this research has—to a large extent—focused on the varied positions held by regime supporters and dissidents. Inter-generational differences, however, have not been studied in this context. Drawing on established frameworks theorizing extraterritorial authoritarian practices, this article explores the ways in which second-generation diaspora—or diaspora youth—is either included as subjects, patriots and clients, or excluded as outlaws and traitors by authoritarian regimes. Drawing on the literature on transnationalism and second-generation migrants, and using examples from empirical cases, we argue that the skills, resources and multi-sited embeddedness of the second-generation diaspora can make them particularly interesting targets for transnational engagement—or repression. We draw attention to specific strategies for mobilizing the support of diaspora youth, but also note that some techniques to control or repress extraterritorial subjects are less efficacious in relation to this generation.
Critical inhomogeneous coupled Schrödinger equations
Authors: Saanouni Tarek , Ghanmi Radhia 
Published: January 2023

This work develops a local theory of the inhomogeneous coupled Schrödinger equations iu̇j+Δuj=σ|x|−γ∑1≤k≤majk|uk|p|uj|p−2uj,j∈[1,m]. Here, one treats the critical Sobolev regime u(0,⋅)∈[Hsc(RN)]m, where sc≔N2−2−γ2(p−1) is the index of the invariant Sobolev norm under the dilatation ‖λ2−γ2(p−1)u(λ2t,λ⋅)‖Ḣsc=λμ−N2+2−γ2(p−1)‖u(λ2t)‖Ḣsc. To the authors’ knowledge, the technique used in order to prove the existence of an energy local solution to the above-mentioned problem in the sub-critical regime s &lt; sc, which consists of dividing the integrals on the unit ball of RN and its complementary, is no more applicable for s = sc. In order to overcome this difficulty, one uses two different methods. The first one consists of using Lorentz spaces with the fact that |x|−γ∈LNγ,∞, which allows us to handle the inhomogeneous term. In the second method, one uses some weighted Lebesgue spaces, which seem to be suitable to deal with the inhomogeneous term |x|−γ. In order to avoid a singularity of the source term, one considers the case p ≥ 2, which restricts the space dimensions to N ≤ 3.
Developing a platform for Fresnel diffractive radiography with 1 μm spatial resolution at the National Ignition Facility
Authors: Schoelmerich M. O. , Döppner T. , Allen C. H. , Divol L. , Oliver M. , Haden D. , Biener M. , Crippen J. , Delora-Ellefson J. , Ferguson B. , Gericke D. O. , Goldman A. , Haid A. , Heinbockel C. , Kalantar D. , Karmiol Z. , Kemp G. , Kroll J. , Landen O. L. , Masters N. , Ping Y. , Spindloe C. , Theobald W. , White T. G. 
Published: January 2023

An x-ray Fresnel diffractive radiography platform was designed for use at the National Ignition Facility. It will enable measurements of micron-scale changes in the density gradients across an interface between isochorically heated warm dense matter materials, the evolution of which is driven primarily through thermal conductivity and mutual diffusion. We use 4.75 keV Ti K-shell x-ray emission to heat a 1000 μm diameter plastic cylinder, with a central 30 μm diameter channel filled with liquid D2, up to 8 eV. This leads to a cylindrical implosion of the liquid D2 column, compressing it to ∼2.3 g/cm3. After pressure equilibration, the location of the D2/plastic interface remains steady for several nanoseconds, which enables us to track density gradient changes across the material interface with high precision. For radiography, we use Cu He-α x rays at 8.3 keV. Using a slit aperture of only 1 μm width increases the spatial coherence of the source, giving rise to significant diffraction features in the radiography signal, in addition to the refraction enhancement, which further increases its sensitivity to density scale length changes at the D2/plastic interface.
The fidelity of transcription in human cells
Authors: Chung Claire , Verheijen Bert M. , Zhang Xinmin , Huang Biao , Coakley Aeowynn , McGann Eric , Wade Emily , Dinep-Schneider Olivia , LaGosh Jessica , Anagnostou Maria-Eleni , Simpson Stephen , Thomas Kelly , Ernst Mimi , Rattray Allison , Lynch Michael , Kashlev Mikhail , Benayoun Berenice A. , Li Zhongwei , Strathern Jeffrey , Gout Jean-Francois , Vermulst Marc 
Published: January 2023

To determine the error rate of transcription in human cells, we analyzed the transcriptome of H1 human embryonic stem cells with a circle-sequencing approach that allows for high-fidelity sequencing of the transcriptome. These experiments identified approximately 100,000 errors distributed over every major RNA species in human cells. Our results indicate that different RNA species display different error rates, suggesting that human cells prioritize the fidelity of some RNAs over others. Cross-referencing the errors that we detected with various genetic and epigenetic features of the human genome revealed that the in vivo error rate in human cells changes along the length of a transcript and is further modified by genetic context, repetitive elements, epigenetic markers, and the speed of transcription. Our experiments further suggest that BRCA1, a DNA repair protein implicated in breast cancer, has a previously unknown role in the suppression of transcription errors. Finally, we analyzed the distribution of transcription errors in multiple tissues of a new mouse model and found that they occur preferentially in neurons, compared to other cell types. These observations lend additional weight to the idea that transcription errors play a key role in the progression of various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease.
Molecular DNA dendron vaccines
Authors: Distler Max E. , Cavaliere John P. , Teplensky Michelle H. , Evangelopoulos Michael , Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: January 2023

A foundational principle of rational vaccinology is that vaccine structure plays a critical role in determining therapeutic efficacy, but in order to establish fundamental, effective, and translatable vaccine design parameters, a highly modular and well-defined platform is required. Herein, we report a DNA dendron vaccine, a molecular nanostructure that consists of an adjuvant DNA strand that splits into multiple DNA branches with a varied number of conjugated peptide antigens that is capable of dendritic cell uptake, immune activation, and potent cancer killing. We leveraged the well-defined architecture and chemical modularity of the DNA dendron to study structure-function relationships that dictate molecular vaccine efficacy, particularly regarding the delivery of immune-activating DNA sequences and antigenic peptides on a single chemical construct. We investigated how adjuvant and antigen placement and number impact dendron cellular uptake and immune activation, in vitro. These parameters also played a significant role in raising a potent and specific immune response against target cancer cells. By gaining this structural understanding of molecular vaccines, DNA dendrons successfully treated a mouse cervical human papillomavirus TC-1 cancer model, in vivo, where the vaccine structure defined its efficacy; the top-performing design effectively reduced tumor burden (<150 mm
3
through day 30) and maintained 100% survival through 44 d after tumor inoculation.
Gravitational-gauge vector interaction in the Hořava–Lifshitz framework
Authors: Restuccia Alvaro , Tello-Ortiz Francisco 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
An anisotropic model describing gravity-vector gauge coupling at all energy scales is presented. The starting point is the 4+1 dimensional non–projectable Hořava–Lifshitz gravity theory subject to a geometrical restriction. Renormalizability arguments require all possible interactions in the potential up to terms with z = 4 spatial derivatives on the geometrical tensor fields: the Riemann and Weyl tensors. The latter being necessary on a 4+1 dimensional formulation. The dimensional reduction to 3+1 dimensions gives rise to a model invariant under foliation-preserving diffeomorphisms (FDiff) and U(1) symmetry groups. The reduced theory on the kinetic conformal point (

λ
=
1

/

3

), propagates the same spectrum of the Einstein–Maxwell theory. Moreover, at low energies, on the IR point α = 0, β = 1, its field equations are exactly the Einstein–Maxwell ones in a particular gauge condition. The Minkowski ground state is stable provided several restrictions on the coupling parameters are satisfied, they are explicitly obtained. The quantum propagators of the physical degrees of freedom are obtained and after an analysis of the first and second class constraints the renormalizability by power counting is proved, provided that the aforementioned restrictions on the coupling parameters are satisfied.
Global conformal diagram of a black hole with angular momentum
Authors: Argañaraz Marcos A , Moreschi Osvaldo M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We present the first explicit global conformal diagram of Kerr spacetime and discuss some implications on the causal structure. For this construction we use a new double null coordinate system for Kerr spacetime, which we have recently presented. These null coordinates are smooth everywhere and are naturally adapted to the horizons and to the null infinities. In this setting there naturally appears a family of spheres that are parameterized by r

s
, which are the intersections of both null coordinates, and r

s
can be thought of as the extension of the tortoise coordinate for the Kerr spacetime.
Performance comparison of x-ray absorption gratings fabricated by free deposition and centrifugal filling methods
Authors: Lei Yaohu , Li Xiqi , Xu Guiwen , Feng Chengming , Huang Jianheng , Liu Xin , Li Ji 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Free deposition and centrifugal filling methods are commonly used to fill metal particles into grating trenches for long-period x-ray absorption gratings. However, there has been no comparative analysis on the performance of absorption gratings fabricated by the two filling methods, and the difference between the two methods is not well understood. This paper compares the free deposition and centrifugal filling methods through the x-ray absorptivity of absorption gratings and the arrangement of tungsten nanoparticles (TNs) in grating trenches. It has been found that both particle filling methods densely arrange TNs in grating trenches differently but give almost equal x-ray absorptivity to the resulting gratings. The experimental results indicate that a centrifugal filling method is efficient for manufacturing x-ray absorption gratings with stable absorptivity. Furthermore, to verify the feasibility of the centrifugal filling process in fabricating short-period TNs-based absorption gratings, an absorption grating with a 10 μm period is manufactured by removing large-size TNs using centrifugal force. Hence, it has the potential to be used for the fabrication of absorption gratings with periods of several micrometers.
Accelerating physics-informed neural network based 1D arc simulation by meta learning
Authors: Zhong Linlin , Wu Bingyu , Wang Yifan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have a wide range of applications as an alternative to traditional numerical methods in plasma simulation. However, in some specific cases of PINN-based modeling, a well-trained PINN may require tens of thousands of optimizing iterations during training stage for complex modeling and huge neural networks, which is sometimes very time-consuming. In this work, we propose a meta-learning method, namely Meta-PINN, to reduce the training time of PINN-based 1D arc simulation. In Meta-PINN, the meta network is first trained by a two-loop optimization on various training tasks of plasma modeling, and then used to initialize the PINN-based network for new tasks. We demonstrate the power of Meta-PINN by four cases corresponding to 1D arc models at different boundary temperatures, arc radii, arc pressures, and gas mixtures. We found that a well-trained meta network can produce good initial weights for PINN-based arc models even at conditions slightly outside of training range. The speed-up in terms of relative L2 error by Meta-PINN ranges from 1.1× to 6.9× in the cases we studied. The results indicate that Meta-PINN is an effective method for accelerating the PINN-based 1D arc simulation.
Ultralow-threshold quasi-CW lasing from FAPbBr3 perovskite first-order DFB laser
Authors: Chang Cheng , Lin Lih Y 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Metal halide perovskites are emerging materials for integrated photonics. Here we report a quasi-CW pumped ultra-low ASE/lasing threshold formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) laser. The laser achieved stable lasing at 555 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.6 nm, showing a low lasing threshold of 22.6 μJ cm−2 under 3.5 nanosecond quasi-CW excitation at room temperature. The material also showed an ultra-low ASE threshold of 46 μJ cm−2 under the same pumping condition. Through polymer doping, we showed that the material’s performance can be improved by increasing bimolecular recombination rate with reduced grain size.
Characterization of LiF:Mg,Ti thermoluminescence detectors in low-LET proton beams at ultra-high dose rates
Authors: Motta S , Christensen J B , Togno M , Schäfer R , Safai S , Lomax A J , Yukihara E G 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. This work aims at characterizing LiF:Mg,Ti thermoluminescence detectors (TLDs) for dosimetry of a 250 MeV proton beam delivered at ultra-high dose rates (UHDR). Possible dose rate effects in LiF:Mg,Ti, as well as its usability for dosimetry of narrow proton beams are investigated. Approach. LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100TM Microcubes, 1 mm × 1 mm × 1 mm) was packaged in matrices of 5 × 5 detectors. The center of each matrix was irradiated with single-spot low-LET (energy >244 MeV) proton beam in the (1–4500) Gy s−1 average dose rates range. A beam reconstruction procedure was applied to the detectors irradiated at the highest dose rate (Gaussian beam sigma <2 mm) to correct for volumetric averaging effects. Reference dosimetry was carried out with a diamond detector and radiochromic films. The delivered number of protons was measured by a Faraday cup, which was employed to normalize the detector responses. Main results. The lateral beam spread obtained from the beam reconstruction agreed with the one derived from the radiochromic film measurements. No dose rates effects were observed in LiF:Mg,Ti for the investigated dose rates within 3% (k = 1). On average, the dose response of the TLDs agreed with the reference detectors within their uncertainties. The largest deviation (−5%) was measured at 4500 Gy s−1. Significance. The dose rate independence of LiF:Mg,Ti TLDs makes them suitable for dosimetry of UHDR proton beams. Additionally, the combination of a matrix of TLDs and the beam reconstruction can be applied to determine the beam profile of narrow proton beams.
Development of optimised tissue-equivalent materials for proton therapy
Authors: Cook H , Simard M , Niemann N , Gillies C , Osborne M , Hussein M , Rompokos V , Bouchard H , Royle G , Pettingell J , Palmans H , Lourenço A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. In proton therapy there is a need for proton optimised tissue-equivalent materials as existing phantom materials can produce large uncertainties in the determination of absorbed dose and range measurements. The aim of this work is to develop and characterise optimised tissue-equivalent materials for proton therapy. Approach. A mathematical model was developed to enable the formulation of epoxy-resin based tissue-equivalent materials that are optimised for all relevant interactions of protons with matter, as well as photon interactions, which play a role in the acquisition of CT numbers. This model developed formulations for vertebra bone- and skeletal muscle-equivalent plastic materials. The tissue equivalence of these new materials and commercial bone- and muscle-equivalent plastic materials were theoretical compared against biological tissue compositions. The new materials were manufactured and characterised by their mass density, relative stopping power (RSP) measurements, and CT scans to evaluate their tissue-equivalence. Main results. Results showed that existing tissue-equivalent materials can produce large uncertainties in proton therapy dosimetry. In particular commercial bone materials showed to have a relative difference up to 8% for range. On the contrary, the best optimised formulations were shown to mimic their target human tissues within 1%–2% for the mass density and RSP. Furthermore, their CT-predicted RSP agreed within 1%–2% of the experimental RSP, confirming their suitability as clinical phantom materials. Significance. We have developed a tool for the formulation of tissue-equivalent materials optimised for proton dosimetry. Our model has enabled the development of proton optimised tissue-equivalent materials which perform better than existing tissue-equivalent materials. These new materials will enable the advancement of clinical proton phantoms for accurate proton dosimetry.