bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Happy birthday: you get to vote!
Authors: Seljan Ellen , Gronke Paul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper estimates the effect of automatic voter registration (AVR) on voter turnout in California and Oregon. AVR systems register to vote all eligible individuals who transact with proscribed government agencies, most commonly the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMVs). The article isolates one part of the causal impact of AVR on turnout by taking advantage of a temporal feature of license renewals. Many individuals interact with the DMV periodically due to the need to renew drivers' licenses. Because licenses in both California and Oregon expire on birthdays, an individual's birth date can be treated as an exogenous variable discriminating between some individuals who are registered to vote in time for the election, while others are not. Our instrumental variable analysis compares registration and voting rates for individuals with birth dates prior and subsequent to the voter registration deadline. After calculating a causal effect of AVR on turnout at the individual level, we extrapolate this AVR “birthday” effect to overall voter turnout for these states.
The lasting impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on head and neck cancer services: a UK tertiary centre study
Authors: Taylor R , Khan A , Omakobia E , Sood S 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic led to increased pressure on health services, which, combined with variable social restrictions, led to decreased referrals for head and neck cancer. This study assessed whether there were lasting changes to head and neck cancer referrals during different stages of the pandemic response in 2020 and 2021.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of all cases referred for suspected head and neck cancer to our institution in January 2020, April 2020, April 2021 and June 2021.ResultsThere was a rebound 91 per cent increase in referrals between April 2020 and April 2021 following the 59 per cent decrease in referrals between January 2020 and April 2020. Males made up 47.1 per cent of referrals in January 2020, 40 per cent in April 2020 and 37.82 per cent in April 2021.ConclusionFurther research is recommended to investigate the reasons why there is a continued decline in male referrals and the effect this has on their outcomes.
Research on effects of different internal structures on the grasping performance of Fin Ray soft grippers
Authors: Yao Jiaqiang , Fang Yuefa , Li Luquan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFin Ray soft grippers, as a notable passive compliant structures, can be easily actuated by external devices to adapt their shape to conform to a grasped object. Their unique ability is aided by their V-shaped structure and morphable material utilized by the Fin Ray finger. Thus, when the internal structure changes, the adaptability and grasping abilities also change. However, related works focus on the effects of changing key parameters on the grasping performance based on the Festo structure, and few works have explored the effects of changing the internal structure. To close the research gap, four different Fin Ray structures are presented in this article, and a parameter determination process was carried out by maximizing their adaptability by investigating the key parameters of each structure through finite element analysis. Then, the force responses of four selected Fin Ray structures are analyzed and experimentally validated. The results show that the No Internal Filling structure obtained by omitting the crossbeams is ideal for grasping delicate targets with the best adaptability and the minimum resultant force. The cross structure attained by adding vertical beams connected to crossbeams decreases the adaptability of the Fin Ray finger but significantly increases the contact force. The unsymmetric design of the branched structure significantly enhances the final contact force while improving the passive adaptation to objects. Thus, the application of the Fin Ray finger ranges from adaptive delicate grasping tasks to high-force manipulation tasks.
A validation study of ISM Code's continual effectiveness through a multilateral comparative analysis of maritime accidents in Korean waters
Authors: Mok Ick-soo , D'agostini Enrico , Ryoo Dong-keun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study investigates whether the International Safety Management (ISM) Code remains an effective regulatory tool for the shipping industry by analysing maritime accident statistics published for the last 32 years by the Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal, 24 years by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and seven years by the European Maritime Safety Agency. For this purpose, the data were divided into four groups: pre-ISM Code, in-transit, post-1 and post-2 periods, and tested by multilateral comparative analysis. The results show that the Korean merchant fleet has no improvement over the periods, whereas the world merchant fleet has a continual decrease in serious casualties. This study confirmed a trend of maritime accidents in recent years: fewer in number but heavier in damage. Conclusively, the results suggest that IMO and decision-makers in the maritime industry must review the ISM Code again and seek solutions to achieve the goal of continual improvement, as specified in the code.
Eating Disorders In weight-related Therapy (EDIT) Collaboration: rationale and study design
Authors: Lister Natalie B. , Baur Louise A. , Paxton Susan J. , Garnett Sarah P. , Ahern Amy L. , Wilfley Denise E. , Maguire Sarah , Sainsbury Amanda , Steinbeck Katharine , Braet Caroline , Hill Andrew J. , Nicholls Dasha , Jones Rebecca A. , Dammery Genevieve , Grunseit Alicia , Cooper Kelly , Kyle Theodore K. , Heeren Faith A. , Hunter Kylie E. , McMaster Caitlin M. , Johnson Brittany J. , Seidler Anna Lene , Jebeile Hiba 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe cornerstone of obesity treatment is behavioural weight management, resulting in significant improvements in cardio-metabolic and psychosocial health. However, there is ongoing concern that dietary interventions used for weight management may precipitate the development of eating disorders. Systematic reviews demonstrate that, while for most participants medically supervised obesity treatment improves risk scores related to eating disorders, a subset of people who undergo obesity treatment may have poor outcomes for eating disorders. This review summarises the background and rationale for the formation of the Eating Disorders In weight-related Therapy (EDIT) Collaboration. The EDIT Collaboration will explore the complex risk factor interactions that precede changes to eating disorder risk following weight management. In this review, we also outline the programme of work and design of studies for the EDIT Collaboration, including expected knowledge gains. The EDIT studies explore risk factors and the interactions between them using individual-level data from international weight management trials. Combining all available data on eating disorder risk from weight management trials will allow sufficient sample size to interrogate our hypothesis: that individuals undertaking weight management interventions will vary in their eating disorder risk profile, on the basis of personal characteristics and intervention strategies available to them. The collaboration includes the integration of health consumers in project development and translation. An important knowledge gain from this project is a comprehensive understanding of the impact of weight management interventions on eating disorder risk.
Prevalence and morphological subtype distributions of anaemia in a Chinese rural population: the Henan Rural Cohort study
Authors: Zheng Yiquan , Liu Xiaotian , He Yaling , Yuchi Yinghao , Zhao Hongfei , Li Linlin , Huo Wenqian , Mao Zhenxing , Hou Jian , Wang Chongjian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to evaluate the recent prevalence and the distributions of morphological subtypes of anaemia in the rural population.Design:Anaemia was defined according to the WHO and the Chinese criteria, and the morphological subtypes of anaemia were classified based on the erythrocyte parameters. The age-standardised prevalence was calculated according to the data of the Population Census 2010 in China.Setting:A cross-sectional study in Henan Province.Participants:33 585 subjects aged 18–79 years old.Results:The standardised prevalence of anaemia across the WHO and the Chinese definitions was 13·63 % and 5·45 %, respectively. Regardless of which criteria was used, the standardised prevalence of anaemia was higher among women than among men and that increased with age in men, while markedly decreased after menopause in women. There were shifts in morphological patterns of anaemia using the WHO and the Chinese criteria that the standardised prevalence of microcytic anaemia was 3·74 % and 2·97 %, normocytic anaemia was 9·20 % and 2·34 %, and macrocytic anaemia was 0·75 % and 0·14 %, respectively. Besides, there were differences in the influencing factors of anaemia according to different criteria or gender. However, age, education level and renal damage were consistently significantly associated with anaemia in all participants.Conclusions:Anaemia may still be a serious health problem in rural China. It is necessary to reformulate prevention and management strategies to reduce the disease burden of anaemia.
Discrimination of morningglory species (Ipomoea spp.) using near-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis
Authors: Braga Andreísa Flores , Chiconi Leandro Aparecido , Bacha Allan Lopes , Teixeira Gustavo Henrique de Almeida , Cunha Junior Luis Carlos , Alves Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe occurrence of weeds is one of the main factors limiting agricultural productivity. Studies on new techniques for the identification of these species can contribute to the development of proximal sensors, which in the future might be coupled to machines to optimize the performance of species-specific weed management. Thus, the objective of this study was to use near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and multivariate analysis to discriminate three morningglory species (Ipomoea spp.). The NIR spectra were collected from the leaves of the three weed species at the vegetative stage (up to five leaves), within the spectral band of 4,000 to 10,000 cm−1. The discrimination models were selected according to accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Youden’s index and were analyzed with a validation data set (n = 135). The best results occurred when the selection of spectral bands associated with the use of preprocessing was performed. It was possible to obtain an accuracy of 99.3%, 98.5%, and 98.7% for ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederifolia L.), Japanese morningglory [Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth], and hairy woodrose [Merremia aegyptia (L.) Urb.], respectively. NIR spectroscopy associated with principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis (PC-LDA) or partial least-squares regression with discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) can be used to discriminate Ipomoea spp.
Thumping Cycle Variations of Doublet Pool in Yellowstone National Park, USA
Authors: Liu Cheng‐Nan , Lin Fan‐Chi , Manga Michael , Farrell Jamie , Wu Sin‐Mei , Reed Mara H. , Barth Anna , Hungerford Jefferson , White Erin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDoublet Pool is an active hydrothermal feature in Yellowstone National Park, USA. Approximately every half hour, it thumps for about 10 min due to bubbles collapsing at the base of the pool. To understand its thermodynamics and sensitivity to external factors, we performed a recurring multiple‐year passive seismic experiment. By linking recorded hydrothermal tremor with active thumping, we determine the onset and end of thumping, and the duration of silence between each thumping cycle. The silence interval decreased from around 30 min before November 2016 to around 13 min in September 2018. This change followed unusual thermal activity on the surrounding Geyser Hill. On a shorter time scale, wind‐driven evaporative cooling can lengthen the pre‐thumping silence interval. Based on energy conservation, we determine the heating rate and heat needed to initiate thumping to be 3–7 MW and ∼6 GJ, respectively.
Quantifying Flow Velocities in River Deltas via Remotely Sensed Suspended Sediment Concentration
Authors: Donatelli Carmine , Passalacqua Paola , Wright Kyle , Salter Gerard , Lamb Michael P. , Jensen Daniel , Fagherazzi Sergio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDeltas are fragile ecosystems threatened by sea‐level rise, sediment starvation, and subsidence. Erosional/depositional processes in these systems mainly depend on the sediment supply and the spatial divergence in bed shear stress induced by hydrodynamic forces. Thus, quantifying the spatiotemporal variability of the flow velocity field is essential for forecasting their fate. To calibrate/validate models, field measurements alone are not sufficient because such data only characterize the hydrodynamic conditions in localized areas. Remote sensing has potential to fill this data gap. We developed a methodology to estimate flow velocities from a map of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) measured by the NASA airborne spectrometer AVIRIS‐NG within the Wax Lake Delta, Louisiana. We extracted streaklines from remotely sensed SSC estimates, and quantified water fluxes and velocities based on the distance between them. Our study demonstrates that the velocity field in deltas can be estimated by leveraging the synoptic information offered by remote sensing.
Solar Flux Dependence of Upper Thermosphere Diurnal Variations: Observed and Modeled
Authors: Thayer Jeffrey P. , Waldron Zachary C. , Sutton Eric K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUpper thermosphere mass density over the declining phase of solar cycle 23 is investigated using a day‐to‐night ratio (DNR) of thermosphere properties to evaluate how much relative change occurs climatologically between day and night. Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) observations from 2002 to 2009, MSIS 2.0 output, and TIEGCM V2.0 simulations are analyzed to assess their relative response in DNR. The CHAMP observations demonstrate nightside densities decrease more significantly than dayside densities as solar flux decreases. This causes a steadily increasing CHAMP mass density DNR from around two to greater than four with decreasing solar flux. The MSIS 2.0 nightside densities decrease, with decreasing solar flux, more significantly than the dayside, resulting in the same trend as CHAMP. TIEGCM V2.0 displays an opposite trend in density DNR with decreasing solar flux due to dayside densities decreasing more significantly than nightside densities. A sensitivity analysis of the two models reveals the TIEGCM V2.0 to have greater sensitivity in temperature to levels of solar flux, while MSIS 2.0 displayed a greater sensitivity in mean molecular weight. The pressure DNR from both models contributed the most to the density DNR value at 400 km. As solar flux decreases, the two models' estimate of pressure DNR deviate appreciably and trend in opposite directions. The TIEGCM V2.0 dayside temperatures during middle‐to‐low solar flux are too cold relative to MSIS 2.0. Increasing the dayside temperature values by about 50–100 K and decreasing the nightside temperature slightly would bring the TIEGCM V2.0 into better agreement with MSIS 2.0 and CHAMP observations.
SwinVRNN: A Data‐Driven Ensemble Forecasting Model via Learned Distribution Perturbation
Authors: Hu Yuan , Chen Lei , Wang Zhibin , Li Hao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe data‐driven approaches for medium‐range weather forecasting are recently shown to be extraordinarily promising for ensemble forecasting due to their fast inference speed compared to the traditional numerical weather prediction models. However, their forecast accuracy can hardly match the state‐of‐the‐art operational ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) model. Previous data‐driven approaches perform ensemble forecasting using some simple perturbation methods, like the initial condition perturbation and the Monte Carlo dropout. However, their ensemble performance is often limited arguably by the sub‐optimal ways of applying perturbation. We propose a Swin Transformer‐based Variational Recurrent Neural Network (SwinVRNN), which is a stochastic weather forecasting model combining a SwinRNN predictor with a perturbation module. SwinRNN is designed as a Swin Transformer‐based recurrent neural network, which predicts the future states deterministically. Furthermore, to model the stochasticity in the prediction, we design a perturbation module following the Variational Auto‐Encoder paradigm to learn the multivariate Gaussian distributions of a time‐variant stochastic latent variable from the data. Ensemble forecasting can be easily performed by perturbing the model features leveraging the noise sampled from the learned distribution. We also compare four categories of perturbation methods for ensemble forecasting, that is, fixed distribution perturbation, learned distribution perturbation, MC dropout, and multi model ensemble. Comparisons on the WeatherBench data set show that the learned distribution perturbation method using our SwinVRNN model achieves remarkably improved forecasting accuracy and reasonable ensemble spread due to the joint optimization of the two targets. More notably, SwinVRNN surpasses operational IFS on the surface variables of the 2‐m temperature and the 6‐hourly total precipitation at all lead times up to 5 days (Code is available at https://github.com/tpys/wwprediction).
Combining Remotely Sensed Evapotranspiration and an Agroecosystem Model to Estimate Center‐Pivot Irrigation Water Use at High Spatio‐Temporal Resolution
Authors: Zhang Jingwen , Guan Kaiyu , Zhou Wang , Jiang Chongya , Peng Bin , Pan Ming , Grant Robert F. , Franz Trenton E. , Suyker Andrew , Yang Yi , Chen Xiaohong , Lin Kairong , Ma Zewei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEstimating irrigation water use accurately is critical for sustainable irrigation and studying terrestrial water cycle in irrigated croplands. However, irrigation is not monitored in most places, and current estimations of irrigation water use has coarse spatial and/or temporal resolutions. This study aims to estimate irrigation water use at the daily and field scale through the proposed model‐data fusion framework, which is achieved by particle filtering with two configurations (concurrent, CON, and sequential, SEQ) by assimilating satellite‐based evapotranspiration (ET) observations into an advanced agroecosystem model, ecosys. Two types of experiments using synthetic and real ET observations were conducted to study the efficacy of the proposed framework for estimating irrigation water use at the irrigated fields in eastern and western Nebraska, United States. The experiments using synthetic ET observations indicated that, for two major sources of uncertainties of ET difference between observations and model simulations, which are bias and noise, noise had larger impacts on degrading the estimation performance of irrigation water use than bias. For the experiments using real ET observations, monthly and annual estimations of irrigation water use matched well with farmer irrigation records, with Pearson correlation coefficient (r) around 0.80 and 0.50, respectively. Although detecting daily irrigation records was very challenging, our method still gave a good performance with RMSE, BIAS, and r around 2.90, 0.03, and 0.4 mm/d, respectively. Our proposed model‐data fusion framework for estimating irrigation water use at high spatio‐temporal resolution could contribute to regional water management, sustainable irrigation, and better tracking terrestrial water cycle.
Immunophenotypic aberrant hematopoietic stem cells in myelodysplastic syndromes: a biomarker for leukemic progression
Authors: van Spronsen Margot F. , Hanekamp Diana , Westers Theresia M. , van Gils Noortje , Vermue Eline , Rutten Arjo , Jansen Joop H. , Lissenberg-Witte Birgit I. , Smit Linda , Schuurhuis Gerrit J. , van de Loosdrecht Arjan A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) comprise hematological disorders that originate from the neoplastic transformation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, discrimination between HSCs and their neoplastic counterparts in MDS-derived bone marrows (MDS-BMs) remains challenging. We hypothesized that in MDS patients immature CD34+CD38− cells with aberrant expression of immunophenotypic markers reflect neoplastic stem cells and that their frequency predicts leukemic progression. We analyzed samples from 68 MDS patients and 53 controls and discriminated HSCs from immunophenotypic aberrant HSCs (IA-HSCs) expressing membrane aberrancies (CD7, CD11b, CD22, CD33, CD44, CD45RA, CD56, CD123, CD366 or CD371). One-third of the MDS-BMs (23/68) contained IA-HSCs. The presence of IA-HSCs correlated with perturbed hematopoiesis (disproportionally expanded CD34+ subsets beside cytopenias) and an increased hazard of leukemic progression (HR = 25, 95% CI: 2.9–218) that was independent of conventional risk factors. At 2 years follow-up, the sensitivity and specificity of presence of IA-HSCs for predicting leukemic progression was 83% (95% CI: 36–99%) and 71% (95% CI: 58–81%), respectively. In a selected cohort (n = 10), most MDS-BMs with IA-HSCs showed genomic complexity and high human blast counts following xenotransplantation into immunodeficient mice, contrasting MDS-BMs without IA-HSCs. This study demonstrates that the presence of IA-HSCs within MDS-BMs predicts leukemic progression, indicating the clinical potential of IA-HSCs as a prognostic biomarker.
Massively parallel electro-optic sampling of space-encoded optical pulses for ultrafast multi-dimensional imaging
Authors: Na Yongjin , Kwak Hyunsoo , Ahn Changmin , Lee Seung Eon , Lee Woojin , Kang Chu-Shik , Lee Jungchul , Suh Junho , Yoo Hongki , Kim Jungwon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHigh-speed and high-resolution imaging of surface profiles is critical for the investigation of various structures and mechanical dynamics of micro- and nano-scale devices. In particular, recent emergence of various nonlinear, transient and complex mechanical dynamics, such as anharmonic vibrations in mechanical resonators, has necessitated real-time surface deformation imaging with higher axial and lateral resolutions, speed, and dynamic range. However, real-time capturing of fast and complex mechanical dynamics has been challenging, and direct time-domain imaging of displacements and mechanical motions has been a missing element in studying full-field structural and dynamic behaviours. Here, by exploiting the electro-optic sampling with a frequency comb, we demonstrate a line-scan time-of-flight (TOF) camera that can simultaneously measure the TOF changes of more than 1000 spatial coordinates with hundreds megapixels/s pixel-rate and sub-nanometre axial resolution over several millimetres field-of-view. This unique combination of performances enables fast and precise imaging of both complex structures and dynamics in three-dimensional devices and mechanical resonators.