bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with varying renal functions statuses during the Omicron pandemic in Shanghai
Authors: Xu Tian , Bao Zhiyao , Zhou Min , Wang Weiming 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aims to provide an academic summary of the clinical characteristics, outcomes and risk factors associated with prolonged hospital stays among the patients with varying renal function statuses during the Omicron pandemic in Shanghai.

Methods
Clinical data was collected from COVID-19 patients admitted to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Ruijin Hospital Northern District. Based on their baseline eGFR, the patients were divided into three groups: Group A (eGFR > = 90ml/min/1.73m2, n = 384), Group B (15ml/min/1.73m2 < = eGFR < 90ml/min/1.73m2, n = 220), and Group C (Hemodialysis-dependent patient, n = 92). Clinical characteristics and laboratory data were compared among the three groups. The cumulative hazards of ICU admission were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to identify the factors influencing the duration of positive nucleic acid test.

Results
Between March 25, 2022, and May 31, 2022, a total of 696 COVID-19 patients were included in the study. Among the dialysis patients, 92% (85) of dialysis patients had not received any COVID-19 vaccination, and 14.1%(13) of hemodialysis (HD) patients eventually progressed to severe or critical cases. A total of 13 (2.15%) patients were admitted to the ICU, with 8 (61.5%) were HD patients. The duration of nucleic acid positivity showed a negative correlation with eGFR (B: -0.048, 95%CI: -0.059~-0.037, P = 0.000), platelet counts (B: -0.011, 95%CI: -0.017~-0.005, P = 0.001) or lymphocyte counts (B: -0.658, 95%CI: -1.229~-0.086, P = 0.024).

Conclusions
The majority of Omicron patients have a favorable prognosis, while HD patients experience relatively poorer outcomes and higher rates of ICU admission. Decreased eGFR and low lymphocyte/platelet counts are the important risk factors associated with prolonged Omicron infection.
The correlation between serum uric acid and diabetic kidney disease in type 1 diabetes patients in Anhui, China
Authors: Jiang Jun , Zhou Xiaowan , Lan Lei , Ren Wei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background/Aim
To assess the correlation between serum uric acid (UA) level and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) patients in Anhui, China.

Methods
A total of 231 patients diagnosed with T1DM in our hospital were enrolled between January 2014 and December 2016. Urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) in patients with hyperuricemia was compared with those without hyperuricemia. The relationship between serum UA level and urinary ACR was examined by Spearman's correlational analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis. The binary logistic multivariate regression analysis was performed to analyze the correlated factors for type 1 DKD.

Results
The average serum UA levels were 257.7 [215.0, 338.0]μmol/L. The median levels of urinary ACR were significantly higher in patients with hyperuricemia than those without hyperuricemia. In multiple stepwise regression analysis, Serum UA levels were positively correlated with the urinary ACR. The logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that hyperuricemia (OR: 5.24, 95% CI: 1.40—19.65, P = 0.014) had an independent positive correlation with DKD in T1DM patients, and the odds of Serum UA to DKD were both elevated as the serum UA levels rose no matter whether adjustment for traditional confounders. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.55–0.70) in assessing the discrimination of the serum UA level for DKD in T1DM patients.

Conclusions
In Chinese patients with T1DM, the serum UA level is positively correlated with urinary ACR and DKD. The correlation between Serum UA and DKD gradually increases with serum UA levels. Serum UA level is not a good predictor for DKD in T1DM patients. Serum UA may directly contribute to initiating DKD, while it has little direct but an indirect effect on an already established DKD in T1DM patients.
Prenatal ultrasound manifestations of partial urorectal septum malformation sequence from the first trimester to postnatal: a case report
Authors: She Lingna , Lin Hualan , Huang Shuxian , Liu Lina , Chen Liyan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Urorectal septum malformation sequence (URSMS) is characterized by incomplete partitioning of the genital, rectal, and urinary tracts, resulting in a severe form of anorectal malformation. The partial URSMS, also known as the persistent cloaca, represents a milder variant where a single perineal opening serves as a passage for the urinary, gastrointestinal, and reproductive tracts.

Case presentation
We present a rare case of partial URSMS accompanied by duplicated vagina and uterus, hydronephrosis, ascites, and anal atresia.

Conclusions
This case report describes the sonographic findings at different stages of pregnancy and their changes throughout gestation.
Health professional assisted Kangaroo mother care practice in Ethiopian health care facilities: evidence from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey
Authors: Kassaw Mesfin Wudu , Abebe Ayele Mamo , Abate Biruk Beletew , Kassie Ayelign Mengesha , Tegegne Kirubel Dagnaw 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Worldwide, 15 million children born prematurely every year and over one million of them died because of prematurity caused complications. However, three-fourths of deaths from preterm related complications are preventable by using Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC). The Ethiopian government has been implementing a guideline that declares putting all low birth weight neonates at KMC. The aim of this study was to assess health professionals’ assisted KMC practice and its associated factors among Ethiopian mothers who gave birth at health facilities.

Methodology
This study used the 2016Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data (EDHS). The 2016EDHS used a stratified two stage sampling method to select a representative sample using validated questioner. The sample we used in this study after cleaning the children’s data set from the 2016EDHS was 2,960. Logistic regression model was used to assess the association of health professional assisted KMC practice and predictor variables.

Results
Mothers who gave birth in health facilities and practiced kangaroo mother care were 1808(62.1%). In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, women from poorest (AOR, (95%CI)), (0.60, (0.43, 0.81)) and poorer (0.62, (0.46, 0.86)) socio-economic status were not practicing KMC.

Conclusions
The coverage of health professional assisted KMC practice was far lower than the expectation for mothers who gave birth in health facilities (100%). Low socio-economic status was associated with not practicing KMC. A further study on why mothers from low wealth index did not practicing KMC while they were in health facilities may be needed.
Increasing prevalence of mental disorders in smokers seeking treatment of tobacco dependence: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Zvolska Kamila , Tichopad Ales , Stepankova Lenka , Pankova Alexandra , Adamcekova Zuzana , Donin Gleb , Rafl Jakub , Kralikova Eva 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
There has been a noticeable relative increase in psychiatric comorbidities among smokers as opposed to the general population. This is likely due to comparatively slower decrease in smoking prevalence among individuals with mental health conditions. This study aims to assess the prevalence trend of past or current mental health disorders in individuals seeking specialized smoking cessation assistance.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective single-centre observational study to assess the presence of mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, bipolar affective disorder, or schizophrenia in personal history of 6,546 smokers who sought treatment at the Centre for Treatment of Tobacco Dependence in Prague, Czech Republic between 2006 and 2019. The study examined the impact of gender, age, and the effect of successive years on the prevalence of the mental disorders using Poisson distribution regression.

Results
In the studied cohort, 1,743 patients (26.6%) reported having one or more mental disorders. Compared to patients without a psychiatric disorder, they exhibited similar levels of carbon monoxide in expired air (mean 17 ppm, SD 11 ppm) and scored one point higher on the Fagerström Test of Cigarette Dependence. Among smokers with a mental disorder, women were more prevalent (62%) than men (38%). The prevalence of mental disorders increased on average by 4% every year, rising from 23% in 2006 to 35% in 2019.

Conclusions
Consistent with the observation that the prevalence of smoking among people with any mental disorder is higher and declining at a slower rate than in the general population, there is a steadily increasing percentage of these patients seeking specialized treatment over time. Professionals who offer tobacco dependence treatment should be aware of the upward trend in psychiatric disorders among smokers, as more intensive treatment may be needed. Similarly, psychiatric care should pay attention to smoking of their patients.
A study protocol for a European, mixed methods, prospective, cohort study of the effectiveness of naloxone administration by community members, in reversing opioid overdose: NalPORS
Authors: Metrebian Nicola , Carter Ben , Eide Desiree , McDonald Rebecca , Neale Joanne , Parkin Stephen , Dascal Teodora , Mackie Clare , Day Ed , Guterstam Joar , Horsburgh Kirsten , Kåberg Martin , Kelleher Mike , Smith Josie , Thiesen Henrik , Strang John 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Worldwide, opioid use causes more than 100,000 overdose deaths annually. Naloxone has proven efficacy in reversing opioid overdoses and is approved as an emergency antidote to opioid overdose. Take home naloxone (THN) programmes have been introduced to provide ‘community members’, who are likely to observe opioid overdoses, with naloxone kits and train them to recognise an overdose and administer naloxone. The acceptability and feasibility of THN programmes has been demonstrated, but the real-life effectiveness of naloxone administration by community members is not known. In recent years, the approval of several concentrated naloxone nasal-spray formulations (in addition to injectable formulations, eg.prenoxad) potentially increases acceptability and scope for wider provision. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of THN (all formulations) in real-world conditions.

Methods
A European, multi-country, prospective cohort study, to assess the use of THN by community members to reverse opioid overdoses in a six-month, follow-up period. Participants provided with THN from participating harm reduction and drug treatment sites will be recruited to the study and followed-up for six months. We are particularly interested in the experiences of community members who have been provided with THN and have witnessed an opioid overdose. All participants who witness an opioid overdose during the six-month period (target approx. 600) will be asked to take part in a structured interview about this event. Of these, 60 will be invited to participate in a qualitative interview. A Post Authorisation Efficacy Study (PAES) for the concentrated nasal naloxone, Nyxoid, has been integrated into the study design.

Discussion
There are many challenges involved in evaluating the real-life effectiveness of THN. It is not possible to use a randomised trial design, recruitment of community members provided with THN will depend upon recruitment sites distributing THN kits, and the type of THN received by participants will depend on regulations and on local clinical and policy decision-makers. Following up this population, some of whom may be itinerant, over the 6-month study period will be challenging, but we plan to maintain contact with participants through regular text message reminders and staff contact.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05072249. Date of Registration: 8.10.2021
Weight bias internalization and beliefs about the causes of obesity among the Canadian public
Authors: Forouhar Vida , Edache Iyoma Y. , Salas Ximena Ramos , Alberga Angela S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Explicit weight bias is known as negative attitudes and beliefs toward individuals due to their weight status and can be perpetuated through misconceptions about the causes of obesity. Individuals may also experience weight bias internalization (WBI) when they internalize negative weight-related attitudes and self-stigmatize. There is a paucity of research on the beliefs about the causes of obesity and the prevalence of WBI among public Canadian samples. The aim of this study was to describe these attitudes and beliefs about obesity among a large Canadian sample across the weight spectrum.

Methods
A Canadian sample of adults (N = 942; 51% Women; mean age group = 45–54 years; mean body mass index [BMI] = 27.3 ± 6.7 kg/m2) completed an online questionnaire. Participants completed the Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale, the Anti-Fat Attitudes Questionnaire, and the Causes of Obesity Questionnaire.

Results
Mean WBI score within the entire sample was 3.38 ​​ ± 1.58, and females had higher mean scores as compared to males (p < 0.001). Mean scores were also higher among individuals with a BMI of > 30 kg/m2 (4.16 ± 1.52), as compared to individuals with a BMI of 25–30 kg/m2 (3.40 ± 1.50), and those with a BMI of 20–25 kg/m2 or below 18.5 kg/m2 (2.81 ± 1.44) (p < 0.001 for all). Forty four percent of Canadians believed behavioural causes are very or extremely important in causing obesity, 38% for environmental causes, 28% for physiological and 27% for psychosocial causes. Stronger beliefs in behavioural causes were associated with higher levels of explicit weight bias. No BMI differences were reported on the four different subscales of the Causes of Obesity Questionnaire.

Conclusions
Weight bias internalization is prevalent among Canadians across all body weight statuses, and the public endorses behavioural causes of obesity, namely physical inactivity and overeating, more than its other causes. Findings warrant the reinforcement of efforts aimed at mitigating weight bias by educating the public about the complexity of obesity and by highlighting weight bias as a systemic issue that affects all Canadians living in diverse body weight statuses.
Predictors and consequences of homelessness in whole-population observational studies that used administrative data: a systematic review
Authors: Mitchell Eileen , Waring Tanisha , Ahern Elayne , O’Donovan Diarmuid , O’Reilly Dermot , Bradley Declan T. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Homelessness is a complex societal and public health challenge. Limited information exists about the population-level health and social care-related predictors and consequences of persons with lived experience of homelessness (PEH). Studies that focus on population subgroups or ad hoc questionnaires to gather data are of relatively limited generalisability to whole-population health surveillance and planning. The aim of this study was to find and synthesise information about the risk factors for, and consequences of, experiencing homelessness in whole-population studies that used routine administrative data.

Method
We performed a systematic search using EMBASE, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and PsycINFO research databases for English-language studies published from inception until February 2023 that reported analyses of administrative data about homelessness and health and social care-related predictors and consequences. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results
Of the 1224 articles reviewed, 30 publications met the inclusion criteria. The included studies examined a wide range of topic areas, and the homelessness definitions used in each varied considerably. Studies were categorised into several topic areas: Mortality, morbidity and COVID-19; health care usage and hospital re-admission; care home admission and shelter stay; and other (e.g. employment, crime victimisation). The studies reported that that the physical and mental health of people who experience homelessness was worse than that of the general population. Homeless individuals were more likely to have higher risk of hospitalisation, more likely to use emergency departments, have higher mortality rates and were at greater risk of needing intensive care or of dying from COVID-19 compared with general population. Additionally, homeless individuals were more likely to be incarcerated or unemployed. The effects were strongest for those who experienced being homeless as a child compared to those who experienced being homeless later on in life.

Conclusions
This is the first systematic review of whole-population observational studies that used administrative data to identify causes and consequences associated with individuals who are experiencing homelessness. While the scientific literature provides evidence on some of the possible risk factors associated with being homeless, research into this research topic has been limited and gaps still remain. There is a need for more standardised best practice approaches to understand better the causes and consequences associated with being homeless.
Protocol of a prospective community-based study about the onset and course of depression in a nationally representative cohort of adults in China: the China Depression Cohort Study-I
Authors: Li Xuting , Tian Yusheng , Phillips Michael R. , Xiao Shuiyuan , Zhang Xiaojie , Li Zongchang , Liu Jun , Li Lingjiang , Zhou Jiansong , Wang Xiaoping 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Depression is the second most important cause of disability worldwide. Reducing this major burden on global health requires a better understanding of the etiology, risk factors, and course of the disorder. With the goal of improving the prevention, recognition, and appropriate management of depressive disorders in China, the China Depression Cohort Study will establish a nationally representative sample of at least 85,000 adults (the China Depression Cohort Study-I) and 15,000 middle school students (the China Depression Cohort Study-II) and follow them over time to identify factors that influence the onset, characteristics, and course of depressive disorders. This protocol describes the China Depression Cohort Study-I.

Methods
A multistage stratified random sampling method will be used to identify a nationally representative community-based cohort of at least 85,000 adults (i.e., ≥ 18 years of age) from 34 communities in 17 of mainland China’s 31 provincial-level administrative regions. Baseline data collection includes 1) demographic, social and clinical data, 2) diagnostic information, 3) biological samples (i.e., blood, urine, hair), 4) brain MRI scans, and 5) environmental data (e.g., community-level metrics of climate change, air pollution, and socio-economic characteristics). Baseline findings will identify participants with or without depressive disorders. Annual reassessments will monitor potential risk factors for depression and identify incident cases of depression. Cox Proportional-Hazards Regression, Network analysis, Disease trajectory modelling, and Machine learning prediction models will be used to analyze the collected data. The study’s main outcomes are the occurrence of depressive disorders; secondary outcomes include adverse behaviors (e.g., self-harm, suicide), the recurrence of depression and the incidence other mental disorders.

Discussion
The China Depression Cohort Study-I will collect a comprehensive, nationally representative set of individual-level and community-level variables over time. The findings will reframe the understanding of depression from a ‘biology-psychology-society’ perspective. This perspective will improve psychiatrists’ understanding of depression and, thus, promote the development of more effective subgroup-specific antidepressant drugs and other interventions based on the new biomarkers and relationships identified in the study.

Trail registration
The protocol has been registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (No. ChiCTR2200059016).
The relationship between social capital and health from a configuration perspective: an evidence from China
Authors: Hao Chongqi , Guo Dan , Ren Hao , Wang Xuchun , Qiao Yuchao , Qiu Lixia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The debate on the relationship between social capital and health is still ongoing. To enhance previous research, this study uses data drawn from China to analyse the situations in which social capital is related to good health and the various configurations that result in good health outcomes.

Methods
Using the data of China Family Panel Studies, the conditions of age, gender, marriage, education, income, structural social capital and cognitive social capital were included to analyse the sufficient and necessary conditions for achieving good general health and their different configurations using the fsQCA method.

Results
None of the listed conditions were prerequisites for excellent general health in terms of either their presence or their absence. The sufficiency analysis found 11 configurations with an average of 3–4 conditions per configuration; in no configuration was the condition of social capital present alone. Structured social capital and cognitive social capital exhibited negative states in configurations 1 and 2, respectively. The most prevalent factor in all configurations was the condition of age.

Conclusions
The relationship between social capital and health is both positive and negative, with cognitive social capital playing a larger role in the positive relationship than structural social capital. Social capital is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for health, and it must be combined with a variety of other factors to promote health. A variety of methods can be used to promote an individual's health, as different populations require different approaches to good general health, and no single pathway applies to all populations. In the Chinese population, an individual's age is a significant determinant of their health status.