bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matching‐adjusted indirect comparison of bleeding outcomes in severe haemophilia A: Comparing valoctocogene roxaparvovec gene therapy, emicizumab prophylaxis, and FVIII replacement prophylaxis
Authors: Astermark Jan , Buckner Tyler W , Frenzel Laurent , Hatswell Anthony J , You Xiaojun , Liu Hai , Goodman Erin , Santos Sandra , Hawes Charles , Hinds David , Klamroth Robert 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionHead‐to‐head evaluation of valoctocogene roxaparvovec, the first gene therapy approved for haemophilia A, with emicizumab is not available. Therefore, phase 3 trial data were indirectly compared.AimTo compare bleeding rates in trials evaluating 6 × 1013 vg/kg valoctocogene roxaparvovec (GENEr8‐1; NCT03370913), 1.5 mg/kg emicizumab dosed every week (HAVEN 3; NCT02847637), and FVIII prophylaxis (270–902) in participants with severe haemophilia A (FVIII ≤1 IU/dL).MethodsValoctocogene roxaparvovec versus emicizumab and FVIII prophylaxis as used in 270–902 versus emicizumab cross‐trial comparisons were performed using matching‐adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC). Individual participant data from GENEr8‐1 and 270–902 were weighted to equalise aggregate participant baseline characteristics from HAVEN 3. After MAIC weighting, annualised bleeding rates (ABR) and proportions of participants without bleeds were compared for treated bleeds, all bleeds, treated joint bleeds, and treated spontaneous bleeds.ResultsAfter MAIC weighting, ABR for all bleeds was statistically significantly lower with valoctocogene roxaparvovec than emicizumab (rate ratio [95% CI], .55 [.33–.93]). Additionally, significantly higher proportions of participants had no treated joint bleeds (odds ratio [95% CI], 2.75 [1.20–6.31]) and no treated bleeds (3.25 [1.53–6.90]) with valoctocogene roxaparvovec versus emicizumab. When compared with the mainly standard half‐life FVIII prophylaxis regimens in 270–902, mean ABRs (except for all bleeds) were significantly lower, and significantly higher proportions reported 0 bleeds for all outcomes with emicizumab.ConclusionValoctocogene roxaparvovec provided generally lower bleeding rates and higher probability of no bleeds, including treated joint bleeds, than emicizumab. Emicizumab was more effective than FVIII prophylaxis regimens used in 270–902.
Pharmacotherapy considerations in pregnant patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Drambarean Beatrice , Mastalerz Justyna , Wendt Lisa , Toth‐Manikowski Stephanie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeSuccessful pregnancy rates on dialysis are increasing with the advent of intensive hemodialysis and advances in medical management.SummaryData support the use of intensive hemodialysis in pregnant women with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD). This paper provides an overview of common pharmacotherapeutic changes in management when caring for a pregnant woman receiving intensive hemodialysis. Pregnant patients on peritoneal dialysis were excluded from this analysis due to insufficient data. Topics covered include those related to anemia (iron and erythropoietin stimulating agents), blood pressure agents, monitoring of phosphorus, as well as nutrition and anticoagulation.ConclusionWhen patients on hemodialysis become pregnant, medication adjustments are needed regarding antihypertensives, anemia management, and mineral‐bone disease management as many agents require dose adjustment, switching agents due to teratogenicity, or cessation due to fetal complications. There are minimal data in this population; however, successful and healthy infants have been delivered in this patient population with the medication changes discussed.
Transiciones de contratos de duración determinada a indefinida en el Perú. Revisión de la hipótesis del trampolín
Authors: JARAMILLO BAANANTE Miguel , CAMPOS UGAZ Daniela 
Published: June 2023

ResumenEn el presente estudio se evalúa en qué medida los contratos de duración determinada sirven de trampolín hacia la contratación indefinida, diferenciando las transiciones intraempresariales de las interempresariales. Tras analizar una base de datos del Perú con información entrecruzada de empresas y trabajadores para el periodo 2012‐2016, se proponen varias medidas de conversión de contratos y se estiman modelos de duración. Se concluye que solo el 7 por ciento de los contratos de duración determinada se convierten en indefinidos y que aproximadamente la mitad de las conversiones tienen lugar en la misma empresa.
¿Quién reivindica la (des)regulación laboral en el mundo en desarrollo? Replanteamiento de la teoríainsider‐outsider
Authors: RONCONI Lucas , KANBUR Ravi , LÓPEZ‐CARIBONI Santiago 
Published: June 2023

ResumenLa perspectiva insider‐outsider, dominante en el discurso sobre la regulación laboral, sostiene que las disposiciones protectoras se mantienen vigentes en interés de sus beneficiarios (insiders), aunque perjudican a otros trabajadores menos acomodados (outsiders). Si la contraposición entre ambas categorías fuera tal como se formula en el modelo, los outsiders se opondrían rotundamente a la regulación. Sin embargo, nuestras evidencias de que los outsiders en los países en desarrollo están mayoritariamente a favor de las medidas regulatorias obligan a replantear la tajante dicotomía insider‐outsider. Sugerimos distintas líneas de investigación, como los procesos redistributivos, las transiciones, la equidad y el poder del empleador en los mercados de trabajo.
Understanding the resilience of children living on an American Indian reservation: A mixed methods participatory study
Authors: Hodgson Christine , Taylor‐Piliae Ruth , Rainbow Jessica 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the resilience of children, six to thirteen years old, living on a Northern Plains American Indian Reservation using a situation specific nursing theory.BackgroundAmerican Indian and Alaska Native children experience mental health inequities compared to their white peers, including substance use, suicide, depression, and anxiety. Resilience is a strength of children that can be leveraged to improve their mental health.DesignA parallel convergent mixed methods design.MethodsA community advisory board culturally adapted resilience instruments. During two weeks in summer 2022, forty‐seven children/caregiver dyads completed surveys about the child's resilience. Descriptive statistics gave the scores of each child's personal, relational, and total resilience. A subset of 20 children participated in a semi‐structured interview.ResultsChildren scored high on overall resilience, and higher on the relational subscale than the personal subscale. Caregiver survey scores were not significantly correlated with their child's scores and were higher than the children's scores. Qualitative coding revealed six themes of resilience. Integration of data showed a concordance and expansion of the quantitative data across themes.ConclusionThe children reported high resilience supported by a strong ecosystem of relationships. Resilience, as explained through children's voices, corroborated with findings from the surveys.Implications for NursingFindings will help nurses across sectors of primary, secondary, and tertiary care create resilience‐enhancing interventions and prevent mental health crises in this community.Impact StatementThis findings from this study will inform local mental health interventions on the Reservation. The study provides a reproducible design to adapt to other Indigenous communities.Public ContributionA community advisory board was a partner in every stage of the study. Children and caregivers participated in data collection.Contribution to the Wider Clinical CommunityThis research provides knowledge that will further social justice efforts within nursing to promote health equity across diverse populations.
The concept of spirituality in the context of Chinese patients with cancer: A scoping review
Authors: Zeng Dongyan , Mizuno Michiyo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo elucidate how the concept of spirituality has been addressed in studies with Chinese people with cancer.DesignA scoping review.MethodsPatterns in conceptual definitions of spirituality and indicators for measuring spirituality were analysed.Data Sources (Include Search Dates)Literature published from inception to August 2022 was searched in five electronic databases (CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and a Chinese database).ResultsUsing data from 10 qualitative studies, a new taxonomy of concepts of spirituality among Chinese people with cancer was derived, consisting of four categories: Creation of meaning, Connection, Transcendence and Existence. A total of 12 instruments developed outside of Chinese contexts and used to measure dimensions of spirituality across 27 quantitative studies were compared to the taxonomy developed in this review, and patterns were identified according to the dimensions of spirituality. Several instruments required modifications or additional explanations in questions regarding God/Higher Power and religion.ConclusionThe four categories of spirituality classified in the current review are considered universal across all cultural contexts. Spirituality is multidimensional and functional concept, and the components of the instruments differed depending on which dimension of spirituality was being measured.ImpactThe findings of this study suggest that for measuring spirituality in research and clinical settings with Chinese people with cancer, it is important to use culturally appropriate scales that are consistent with the dimensions of spirituality being measured.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareEven instruments developed outside of the Chinese context could be used for Chinese people with cancer if appropriately selected for their intended use.Reporting MethodThis paper adheres to the EQUATOR guidelines and has no direct patient or public contribution.
Blood pressure measurement and blood pressure control in Veterans Affairs medical centers
Authors: Halloran Meghan O’ , Hughes Ashley M , Huo Zhiping , Weaver Frances , Stroupe Kevin , Tarlov Elizabeth , Kramer Holly 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers provide care for millions of Veterans at high risk of cardiovascular disease and accurate BP measurement in this population is vital for optimal BP control. Few studies have examined terminal digit preference (TDP), a marker of BP measurement bias, clinician perceptions of BP measurement, and BP control in VA medical centers. This mixed methods study examined BP measurements from Veterans aged 18 to 85 years with hypertension and a primary care visit within 8 VA medical centers. TDP for all clinic BP measurements was examined using a goodness of fit test assuming 10% frequency for each digit. Interviews were also conducted with clinicians from 3 VA medical centers to assess perceptions of BP measurement. The mean age of the 98,433 Veterans (93% male) was 68.5 years (SD 12.7). BP was controlled (<140/90 mmHg) in 76.5% and control rates ranged from 72.2% to 81.0% across the 8 VA medical centers. Frequency of terminal digits 0 through 9 differed significantly from 10% for both SBP and DBP within each center (P < .001) but level of TDP differed by center. The highest BP control rates were noted in centers with highest TDP for digits 0 and 8 for both SBP and DBP. Clinicians reported use of semi‐automated oscillometric devices for clinic BP measurement, but elevated BP readings were often confirmed by auscultatory methods. Significant TDP exists for BP measurement in VA medical centers, which reflects continued use of auscultatory methods.
A Matter of Prescriptive Clarity? Analysing How Swedish Judges' Motives for Action Vary in the Preliminary Ruling Procedure
Authors: Leijon Karin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article explores how national judges' reasoning in the preliminary ruling procedure varies depending on the prescriptive clarity of European Union (EU) legal frameworks. Drawing on the logic of appropriateness and the logic of expected consequences, this article formulates hypotheses regarding judges' motivational patterns. Interviews with Swedish judges generate findings that partly corroborate these hypotheses. The findings show that when EU legal frameworks are clear, judges express a mix of considerations, including references to EU rules, expected politico‐strategic outcomes and professional norms. When the clarity of the frameworks is low, judges mainly motivate their decisions by invoking professional norms. In light of these findings, the article proposes a revision of the compliance pull explanation that takes into account how not only formal EU rules but also informal norms of appropriate professional conduct may influence the actions of national judges.
Task shifting and community engagement as the keys to increasing access to modern contraception: Findings from mixed methods operational research in coastal Kenya
Authors: Essendi Hildah , Scott Kerry , McAdam Lorina , Momanyi Harmon , Mutuku Rachel , Mwangome Peter , Rothschild Claire W. , Were Christine , Keller Brett , Gibbs Susannah , Mohammed Hambulle 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRationaleKilifi County, Kenya, has a modern contraceptive prevalence of 44%, compared to the national prevalence of 61%. In 2018, the Government of Kenya and Population Services Kenya implemented a pilot project in Kilifi to improve contraceptive awareness and access.Aims and ObjectivesThe Riziki Demonstration Project task shifted contraceptive injectable and implant provision to community health extension workers (CHEWs) and supported community engagement led by community health volunteers (CHVs). This mixed methods evaluation examined the effect of Riziki on contraceptive service provision and identified drivers of the intervention's success in increasing public sector contraceptive uptake.MethodWe obtained monthly contraceptive service provision data from DHIS2 for intervention and comparison facilities from June 2018 to July 2020. Controlled interrupted time series analyses were used to assess difference‐in‐differences effects on the levels and trends in service provision. Qualitative data included key informant interviews with health workers, community‐based focus group discussions and contraceptive journey mapping. Topics included contraception‐related shifts in the health system and social environment and changes to contraceptive accessibility and demand.ResultsWe found positive difference‐in‐differences effects for levels of provision for implant (adj. β  =  7.4 per month, per facility, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.8–12.0) and all methods combined (adj. β  =  12.2, 95% CI: 3.0–21.3). The health system provided a legal framework and management support for the pilot. Community engagement by CHVs and CHEWs, including with men and religious leaders, bolstered supportive social norms by emphasizing birth spacing and family wellbeing. Awareness and supportive social norms were strengthened among women and their husbands through counselling that leveraged CHEW and CHV community embeddedness.ConclusionFindings demonstrate the potential for task sharing combined with community engagement efforts to improve contraceptive awareness, knowledge and supply. Community engagement should include men, traditional leaders and other influencers to strengthen norms that position family planning in alignment with community values.
Distribution of nephrons in the head kidney of three species of Sebastes (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae)
Authors: Oh Han Young , Shin So Ryung , Park Jung Jun , Kim Hyeon Jin , Lee Jung Sick 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNephrons are generally not distributed in the head kidney of teleost. Nonetheless, in this study, the nephron structure was identified in the head kidney of three species of Sebastes (Sebastes inermis, Sebastes schlegelii and Sebastes thompsoni). The kidney is Y shaped, with the development in the head kidney. The nephron structure was confirmed in the head kidney and body kidney. In addition, the nephron consisted of renal corpuscles and tubules, and the renal corpuscle consisted of the Bowman's capsule and glomerulus. Histologically, previous studies reported that the nephron structure is similar to that of other marine teleost. The renal tubule is a simple columnar epithelial layer with microvilli and cilia on the free surface, which is observed as a brush border. The Rrk (relative area ratio of kidney to body surface) was 5.14%, 7.58% and 5.17% in S. inermis, S. schlegelii and S. thompsoni, respectively. The Gar (glomerular area ratio of the head kidney) was higher in the central area than in the peripheral area, and species, which showed significant difference (P < 0.05), were in the following order: S. thompsoni (1.60%) > S. schlegelii (0.90%) > S. inermis (0.66%).
Otolith‐inferred patterns of marine migration frequency in Nunavik Arctic charr
Authors: Mainguy Julien , Arsenault Ariel , Tran Lilian , Martyniuk Mackenzie A. C. , Paquet Catherine , Moore Jean‐Sébastien , Power Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlternative migratory tactics in salmonids reflect the large observed interindividual variation in spatial behaviour which may range from strict freshwater residency to uninterrupted anadromy. In Salvelinus, sea migrations are performed during the ice‐free period as freshwater overwintering is thought to be obligatory due to physiological constraints. As a result, individuals can either migrate the next spring or remain in freshwater, as anadromy is generally considered facultative. In Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), skipped migrations are known to occur, but limited data are available regarding their frequencies within and among populations. Here, the authors used an otolith microchemistry approach relying on strontium (88Sr) to infer movements between freshwater and marine habitats, and annual oscillations in zinc (64Zn) to help with age identification. They determined the age‐at‐first‐migration and the occurrence of subsequent annual migrations in two Nunavik Arctic charr populations sampled in Deception Bay (Salluit) and river systems linked to Hopes Advance Bay (Aupaluk), northern Québec, Canada. The mode for age‐at‐first‐migration was 4+ for both populations, although it exhibited large variation (range: 0+ to 8+). Skipped migrations constituted a rare event, as 97.7% and 95.6% of the examined Arctic charr at Salluit (n = 43, mean age = 10.3 ± 2.0 years) and Aupaluk (n = 45, mean age = 6.0 ± 1.9 years), respectively, were found to have performed uninterrupted annual migrations after initiation of the behaviour. The consistency of the annual migrations suggests that the tactic is sufficiently fitness rewarding to be maintained under current environmental conditions. From a fisheries management perspective, these repeated migrations combined with low site fidelity in this species may lead to large interannual variations in abundance at the local scale, which may represent a challenge for monitoring Arctic charr demographics on a river‐by‐river basis.
Frailty and uptake of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Lee Yu‐Chien , Lin Joshua K. , Ko Darae , Cheng Susan , Patorno Elisabetta , Glynn Robert J. , Tsacogianis Theodore , Kim Dae Hyun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundFrail older adults may be less likely to receive guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT)—renin‐angiotensin blockers, beta‐blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists—for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We aimed to examine the uptake of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) and GDMT in frail older adults with HFrEF.MethodsUsing 2015–2019 Medicare data, we estimated the proportion of beneficiaries with HFrEF receiving ARNI and GDMT each year by frailty status, defined by a claims‐based frailty index. Logistic regression was used to identify clinical characteristics associated with ARNI initiation. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the association of GDMT use in 2015 and death or heart failure hospitalization in 2016–2019.ResultsAmong 147,506–180,386 beneficiaries with HFrEF (mean age: 77 years; 27% women; 42.6–49.1% frail) in 2015–2019, the proportion of patients receiving ARNI increased in both non‐frail (0.4%–16.4%) and frail (0.3%–13.7%) patients (p for yearly‐trend‐by‐frailty = 0.970). Among those not receiving a renin‐angiotensin system blocker, patients with age ≥ 85 years (odds ratio [95% CI], 0.89 [0.80–0.99]), dementia (0.88 [0.81–0.96]), and frailty (0.87 [0.81–0.94]) were less likely to initiate ARNI. The proportion of patients receiving all 3 GDMT classes increased in non‐frail patients (22.0%–27.0%) but changed minimally in frail patients (19.6%–21.8%). Regardless of frailty status, treatment with at least 1 class of GDMT was associated with lower death or heart failure hospitalization than no GDMT medications (hazard ratio [95% CI], 0.94 [0.91–0.97], 0.92 [0.89–0.94], 0.94 [0.91–0.97] for 1, 2, and 3 classes, respectively).ConclusionsOur results suggest an evidence‐practice gap in the use of ARNI and GDMT in Medicare beneficiaries with HFrEF, particularly those with frailty. Efforts to narrow this gap are needed to reduce the burden of HFrEF in older adults.
The feasibility of a 6‐month dietary intervention aiming to increase protein intake among community‐dwelling older adults with low habitual protein intake: A secondary analysis of the PROMISS randomised controlled trial
Authors: Niskanen Riikka T. , Reinders Ilse , Wijnhoven Hanneke A. H. , Hyvönen Aliisa A. , Pols‐Vrijmoeth Merel , Trommel‐Bout Mariska , Visser Marjolein , Pitkälä Kaisu H. , Suominen Merja H. , Öhman Hanna , Jyväkorpi Satu K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe PROMISS randomised controlled trial showed that personalised dietary advice increased protein intake and improved 400‐m walk time and leg strength among community‐dwelling older adults with a low habitual protein intake. This secondary analysis describes and further evaluates the methods and feasibility of the model used to carry out dietary intervention in the PROMISS randomised controlled trial.MethodsIn total, 185 participants (≥65 years, 54% women) with a habitual low protein intake (<1.0 g/kg adjusted body weight/day) in Finland and the Netherlands received personalised dietary advice and complimentary protein‐enriched food products for 6 months with two main objectives: (1) to increase protein intake to ≥1.2 g/kg adjusted body weight/day (energy‐neutral) and (2) to include each day a ‘high‐protein meal’ containing ≥ 30–35 g of protein. The feasibility of the model was evaluated by the adoption of the advice, feedback from the participants, and practical experiences by the nutritionists.ResultsIn all, 174 participants (93.5%) completed the intervention. At the 6‐month follow‐up, 41.8% reached both main objectives of the advice. The participants' general rating for the dietary advice was 8.6 (SD 1.0) (on a scale of 1–10; 10 indicating very good). Sticking to the advice was (very) easy for 79.2% of the participants. The nutritionists perceived the model feasible for the participants except for those with low food intake.ConclusionsThe methods used in this model are mainly feasible, well‐received and effective in increasing protein intake among community‐dwelling older adults with low habitual protein intake.
(Why) Do Central Banks Care about Their Profits?
Authors: GONCHAROV IGOR , IOANNIDOU VASSO , SCHMALZ MARTIN C. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTWe document that central banks are discontinuously more likely to report slightly positive profits than slightly negative profits, especially when political pressure is greater, the public is more receptive to extreme political views, and central bank governors are eligible for reappointment. The propensity to report small profits over small losses is correlated with higher inflation and lower interest rates. We conclude that there are agency problems at central banks, which give rise to discontinuous profit incentives that correlate with central banks’ policy choices and outcomes. These findings inform the debate about the political economy of central banking and central bank design.