bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infection, Inflammation, Venous Thromboembolism: A Co-existence
Authors: Chaudhry Kavita , Kaur Gurmeet , Thapa Sujata , Shaina Sandeep , Chawla Mitakshara 
Published: June 2023

Aims: Venous thromboembolism is a state of hypercoaguability occurring due to various risk factors causing a prothrombotic state. In this case series, 3 cases are discussed where patients presented as DVT revealing underlying infection later on during the progression of it’s course.
Place of Study: Department of Medicine, ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi and VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital.
Case Series: Case Series – In Case 1, a 25 year old male presented with DVT and was started on anticoagulants. While other risk factors were ruled out, further investigations then were suggestive of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. In Case 2, a 17 year old female with a lower limb swelling suggestive of DVT, with loose stools was found to be positive for Clostridium Difficile infection. In Case 3, a 14 year old boy presenting with a knee swelling with synovitis positive for Staphylococcus aureus also revealed popliteal vein thrombosis.
Discussion: Infections cause a systemic inflammatory response causing increased procoagulant factors, endothelial damage further causing Venous thrombosis.
Conclusion: In patients presenting with venous thromboembolism, infections, systemic or local should be ruled out along with all the known risk factors.
Relationship between Duration of Diabetes Mellitus and Gensini Score in Patients Undergoing Diagnostic Coronary Angiography
Authors: El-Naghy Eman Mahmoud , Salama Mai Mohamed , El-Hefnawy Suzan Bayomi , Omer Mahmoud Abdel Khalek Abo 
Published: June 2023

Background: Gensini (G score) is one of the most widely used scoring systems in cardiology. It is an objective method to determine the coronary artery disease severity according to angiographic findings. The aim of this work was to assess the relation between G score and the chronicity of diabetes mellitus (DM) in cases undergoing coronary angiography.
Methods: This prospective cohort research was carried out on 300 cases with diabetes mellitus (DM) on antidiabetic treatment who were referred to diagnostic coronary angiography for suspected coronary artery disease. G score was calculated for measurement of the coronary artery disease severity. During the period from October 2020 to Aril 2022
Results: Age, smoking, chronicity of DM, cholesterol, triglycerides test, and electrocardiogram were statistically prominent positively related with G score, while female gender was statistically significant negative relation with it. Also. Mean G score was statistically prominent higher in cases with ischemic changes than in cases without ischemic changes. Therefore, the chronicity of DM was statistically significant predictor of G score.
Conclusions: significant positive relation between the G score and the chronicity of DM.
Characterization of Sediment Yield Behaviour from a Micro Catchment Area of a Farm Pond for Storm Wise Runoff Events in North-Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka, India
Authors: K. Vinutha. , B. D. Premanand. 
Published: June 2023

Aims: The study aims to measure the runoff event wise sediment yield for a micro catchment area of the farm pond and characterise its behaviour
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in a micro catchment (field sized area) of a dugout farm pond, having an area of 6 ha located in the new area of UAS campus Raichur, which comes under Zone II in Region-I of Karnataka state. Geographically it is located at 16° 12′ N latitude and 77° 20′ E longitude and at an elevation of 389 m above the mean sea level (MSL). The study was conducted for a period of one year during 2019.
Methodology: The existing farm pond was used to conduct sediment yield studies in a micro catchment area. The rainfall intensity for each storm has been measured using self-recording rain gauge. The runoff has been measured at the out let of the field sized micro catchment area of farm pond using hydraulic structures coupled with automatic runoff recorder. The runoff sampling has been done for sediment/ soil loss assessment. The event wise rainfall, rainfall intensity and runoff followed by sediment yield have been have been measured and analysed to see the relationship between rainfall intensity and runoff with prevailing soil and topographical characteristics of the study area.
Results: The event wise runoff samples of the micro catchment area during the runoff events were collected from the stilling well coupled with hydraulic structure constructed at the outlet of the micro catchment area. As rainfall intensity increases it causes the water loss and surface soil erosion and increases sediment yield at the surface.
Conclusion: In the present study the red gram crop was grown and it had affected the sediment yield especially during September and October months. Rainfall is most dynamic factor which affects the sediment yield.
Altitudinal Variation and Soil Characterstics Effect on Forest Communities of North Western Himalayan Region of Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Lal Pankaj , Prasad Rajesh Kumar , Bali Rajander Singh , Butola Jitendra Singh , Dobhal Sneha , Singh Indra , Ayush Pritam 
Published: June 2023

The present study was conducted at Dandachali forest of Tehri Forest Division, North-Western part of Himalaya. Surveys and sampling of the vegetation were done using standard ecological assessment methods with an aim to study the soil status at community level. During the study six different forest communities’ viz., Pinus roxburghii- Quercus leucotrichophora mixed forest, Pinus roxburghii pure forest, Pinus roxburghii- Rhododendron arboreum mixed forest, Cedrus deodara- Pinus wallichiana mixed forest, Cedrus deodara- Rhododendron arboreum mixed forest and Rhododendron arboreum- Quercus leucotrichophora mixed forest were taken for the above mentioned study. Importance Value Index (IVI) were observed maximum (271.57) in Pinus roxburghii community then Pinus roxburghii- Quercus leucotrichophora mixed forest IVI (166.69). The soil pH recorded highest (pH 6.60) in Cedrus deodara - Pinus wallichiana mixed forest. Cedrus deodara - Rhododendron arboreum mixed forest community reflected maximum (27.44%) soil moisture content. However organic carbon (1.39%), nitrogen (1202.49 kg/ha.) and phosphorus (31.36 kg/ha) was highest in Pinus roxburghii – Quercus leucotrichophora mixed forest. Potassium observed maximum (351.00 kg/ha.) in Cedrus deodara - Rhododendron arboreum mixed forest. Community wise there was change in soil nutrient status whereas, altitude showed no such variations.
Importance of Teaching Ergonomics in Dental School Education
Authors: Botta-Maltese Ana Carolina , Wajngarten Danielle , Neves Tamíris da Costa , Pazos Júlia Margato , Garcia Patrícia Petromilli Nordi Sasso 
Published: June 2023

Aims: The aim of this study was to present the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in dental students and their ergonomics knowledge, the challenges of the implementation of ergonomics in dental school curriculum, and the teaching of ergonomics in dental courses.
Methodology: This manuscript was supported by scientific evidence found in the literature obtained from Science Direct, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), and National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE) databases, as well as the authors’ experience in ergonomics education and research studies.
Results: Most dental students have reported pain in their neck, lower back, and shoulders. Although students have experienced musculoskeletal symptoms, they have a limited perception of work risk factors due to the lack of ergonomics education while in dental school. The challenges of its incorporation could be addressed through curricular revisions.
Conclusion: Implementation of ergonomics in the dental curriculum at the beginning of preclinical training and its reinforcement later in clinical practice can prevent musculoskeletal disorders in dental students. Curricular revision needs to be accompanied by epidemiologic studies, faculty development, and timely evaluation in order to customize ergonomics educational programs in dental curriculum and identify areas of success as well as those needing improvement.
Estimated Reductions in Opioid Overdose Deaths With Sustainment of Public Health Interventions in 4 US States
Authors: Chhatwal Jagpreet , Mueller Peter P. , Chen Qiushi , Kulkarni Neeti , Adee Madeline , Zarkin Gary , LaRochelle Marc R. , Knudsen Amy B. , Barbosa Carolina 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceIn 2021, more than 80 000 US residents died from an opioid overdose. Public health intervention initiatives, such as the Helping to End Addiction Long-term (HEALing) Communities Study (HCS), are being launched with the goal of reducing opioid-related overdose deaths (OODs).ObjectiveTo estimate the change in the projected number of OODs under different scenarios of the duration of sustainment of interventions, compared with the status quo.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis decision analytical model simulated the opioid epidemic in the 4 states participating in the HCS (ie, Kentucky, Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio) from 2020 to 2026. Participants were a simulated population transitioning from opioid misuse to opioid use disorder (OUD), overdose, treatment, and relapse. The model was calibrated using 2015 to 2020 data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and other sources for each state. The model accounts for reduced initiation of medications for OUD (MOUDs) and increased OODs during the COVID-19 pandemic.ExposureIncreasing MOUD initiation by 2- or 5-fold, improving MOUD retention to the rates achieved in clinical trial settings, increasing naloxone distribution efforts, and furthering safe opioid prescribing. An initial 2-year duration of interventions was simulated, with potential sustainment for up to 3 additional years.Main Outcomes and MeasuresProjected reduction in number of OODs under different combinations and durations of sustainment of interventions.ResultsCompared with the status quo, the estimated annual reduction in OODs at the end of the second year of interventions was 13% to 17% in Kentucky, 17% to 27% in Massachusetts, 15% to 22% in New York, and 15% to 22% in Ohio. Sustaining all interventions for an additional 3 years was estimated to reduce the annual number of OODs at the end of the fifth year by 18% to 27% in Kentucky, 28% to 46% in Massachusetts, 22% to 34% in New York, and 25% to 41% in Ohio. The longer the interventions were sustained, the better the outcomes; however, these positive gains would be washed out if interventions were not sustained.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this decision analytical model study of the opioid epidemic in 4 US states, sustained implementation of interventions, including increased delivery of MOUDs and naloxone supply, was found to be needed to reduce OODs and prevent deaths from increasing again.
Flavonifractor
Authors: Alauzet Corentine , Lozniewski Alain , Cailliez‐Grimal Catherine 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Fla.vo.ni.frac'tor. N.L. neut. n.
flavonum
, flavone; L. masc. n.
fractor
, breaker; N.L. masc. n.
Flavonifractor,
flavone‐breaker.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Oscillospirales / Oscillospiraceae / Flavonifractor

Flavonifractor
is a genus in the phylum
Firmicutes
, class
Clostridia
, order
Oscillospirales
, family
Oscillospiraceae
. It currently comprises a single species with a validly published name,
Flavonifractor plautii
, proposed in 2010 as a gen. nov., comb. nov. for
Eubacterium plautii
and
Clostridium orbiscindens
. Although presenting a typical Gram‐positive cell wall structure, members of this genus mainly stain Gram‐negative. Cells are strictly anaerobic rods, with variable motility and capacity to form subterminal endospores. Growth is observed after 48 h anaerobic incubation in nutrient‐rich broth or on sheep/horse‐blood agar. Colonies are circular, smooth, gray, or white. Members of the genus
Flavonifractor
are asaccharolytic, and produce acetic and butyric acids when grown in TGY broth. The dominant fatty acids are C
14:0
and C
16:0
. They synthesize a flavonoid molecule C‐ring‐cleaving enzyme involved in the metabolism of quercetin or catechin within the human gut. They are mainly described as members of human and animal gut microbiota.
F. plautii
has also been recovered from clinical samples as an opportunistic pathogen. Reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides has been described.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 56–61.6 (
T
m
and HPLC), 59.9 (mean GC content based on WGS data, EZBioCloud database).

Type species
:
Flavonifractor plautii
Carlier et al. 2010
VP
(basonym:
Fusobacterium plauti
Séguin 1928
AL
).
Virtual Learning and Assessment in Rheumatology Fellowship Training: Objective Structured Clinical Examination Revisited
Authors: Wolfe Rachel M. , Hant Faye N. , Ishizawar Rumey C. , Criscione‐Schreiber Lisa G. , Jonas Beth L. , O'Rourke Kenneth S. , Bolster Marcy B. 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveWith the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, an annual multi‐institutional face‐to‐face rheumatology objective structured clinical examination (ROSCE) was transformed into a virtual format. The educational goals of the virtual ROSCE (vROSCE) were to reproduce the educational value of the previous in‐person ROSCE, providing a valuable formative assessment of rheumatology training activities encompassing the 6 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) core competencies for fellows‐in‐training (FITs). This article describes the novel design, feasibility, and stakeholder value of a vROSCE.MethodsThrough an established collaboration of 5 rheumatology fellowship training programs, in February 2021, a vROSCE was created and conducted using a Zoom platform. Station development included learning objectives, FIT instructions, faculty proctor instructions, and a checklist by which to provide structured formative feedback. An anonymous, optional web‐based survey was sent to FIT participants to evaluate the experience.ResultsTwenty‐three rheumatology FITs from 5 institutions successfully rotated through 6 stations in the vROSCE. Immediate feedback was given to each FIT using standardized rubrics structured around ACGME core competencies. A total of 65% of FITs (15 of 23) responded to the survey, and 93% of survey respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the vROSCE was a helpful educational activity and identified individualized opportunities for improvement.ConclusionA vROSCE is an innovative, feasible, valuable, and well‐received educational technology tool. The vROSCE enriched rheumatology FITs’ education and offered collaborative learning experiences across institutions.
Fuzzy sampled‐data control of PMSG‐based wind turbine systems with random occurring uncertainties
Authors: Lakshmanan Shanmugam , Joo Young Hoon 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThis article investigates the robust stability of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)‐based wind turbine (WT) systems with randomly occurring uncertainties (ROUs) under a fuzzy sampled‐data control scheme. To accomplish this, the norm‐bounded uncertainties in the inductance, system inertia, and stator resistance are considered, which are modeled as ROUs by using certain Bernoulli distributed white noise sequences. The nonlinear PMSG‐based WT systems can be expressed as local linear systems with a Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy approach. To achieve stability performance against such kinds of uncertainties and external disturbances, fuzzy‐based sampled‐data control is designed for the proposed model. Then, the sufficient conditions are derived and expressed in the form of linear matrix inequalities based on looped‐Lyapunov functionals, which ensure the asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop T–S fuzzy model for the nonlinear PMSG–based WTs with an performance index. Finally, the derived conditions are validated with the proposed model and confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme against the uncertainties and disturbances. Moreover, a comparison example is conducted to show the less conservative nature of the derived conditions.
Germanane and (3‐Hydroxypropyl)germanane as Single Crystal Photodetectors
Authors: Hartman Tomáš , Valdman Lukáš , Šturala Jiří , Sarkar Kalyan J. , Oliveira Filipa M. , Sofer Zdenek 
Published: June 2023

Abstract2D materials are being widely investigated for their potential application in light‐detecting devices. Very recently, a spin‐coated flexible 2D germanium‐based photodetector with great photocurrent density and responsivity as well as short rise and decay time is presented by Liu et. al. In this paper, the solid‐state single flake photodetector base on either pure germanane or (3‐hydroxypropyl)germanane is reported. Both prepared photodetectors while irradiated with different wavelengths of light exhibit outstanding responsivity of 1157 mA W−1 for GeH and 362 mA W−1 for (3‐hydroxypropyl)germanane, which exceeds Liu's flexible reported GeH photodetector (22 µA W−1) by more than five orders of magnitude. These constructed photodetectors also exhibit rise and fall times lower than 20 ms, which is also significantly faster than the GeH photodetector reported by Liu with rise and decay times 240 and 740 ms, respectively.
Synthesis of C‐3‐Functionalized Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines via Direct para‐Position Arylation of Electron‐Rich Anilines under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Hao Liqiang , Wu Gaorong , Wang Yangyang , Xu Xiaobo , Ji Yafei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA multicomponent tandem arylation reaction was established under transition‐metal‐free conditions to synthesize structurally diverse imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines. As N,N‐dimethylaniline is not only a reactant but also a methylation reagent, its use affords an alternative route for methylation. This approach features mild reaction conditions and good functional group tolerance, providing 29 compounds in acceptable yields.
Pollen layering and male–male competition: Quantum dots demonstrate that pollen grains compete for space on pollinators
Authors: Moir Monika , Anderson Bruce 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPremiseAlmost nothing is known about what happens to pollen grains once they attach to pollinators, although some have postulated that pollen from different donors may form complex, two‐ or three‐dimensional landscapes (e.g., layers or mosaics) that can facilitate male–male competition. For example, pollen that is already on pollinators may preclude the deposition of subsequent pollen grains.MethodsUsing quantum dots to mark the pollen of individual flowers, we explored the possibilities of layering and preclusion in a fly‐pollinated iris, Moraea lurida.Results and ConclusionsThe proportion of labeled pollen from the last flower visited diminished in sequential pollen samples taken from the top to the bottom of the pollen load, representing the first empirical evidence for pollen layering. However, the consequences in terms of pollen preclusion were equivocal: Although the pre‐existing pollen load size was not a good predictor of new pollen receipt, labeled pollen loads from the last flower visited were significantly smaller than pollen loads from the previous flower visited. Thus, pollen from the previous flower may preclude pollen placement from a subsequently visited flower, and pollen from different flowers may compete for space on pollinators.
Expanding the phenotype of anauxetic dysplasia caused by biallelic NEPRO mutations: A case report
Authors: Remmelzwaal P. Christian , Verhagen Martijn V. , Jongbloed Jan D. H. , van den Akker Peter C. , Veenstra‐Knol Hermine E. , Hitzert Marrit M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe cartilage hair hypoplasia and anauxetic dysplasia (CHH‐AD) spectrum encompasses a group of rare skeletal disorders, with anauxetic dysplasia (ANXD) at the most severe end of the spectrum. Biallelic variants in RMRP, POP1, and NEPRO (C3orf17) have previously been associated with the three currently recognized ANXD types. Generally, all types are characterized by severe short stature, brachydactyly, skin laxity, joint hypermobility and dislocations, and extensive skeletal abnormalities visible on radiological evaluation. Thus far, only five patients with type 3 anauxetic dysplasia (ANXD3) have been reported. Here, we describe one additional ANXD3 patient. We provide a detailed physical and radiological evaluation of this patient, in whom we identified a homozygous variant, c.280C > T, p.(Arg94Cys), in NEPRO. Our patient presented with clinically relevant features not previously described in ANXD3: atlantoaxial subluxation, extensive dental anomalies, and a sagittal suture craniosynostosis resulting in scaphocephaly. We provide an overview of the literature on ANXD3 and discuss our patient's characteristics in the context of previously described patients. This study expands the phenotypic spectrum of ANXD, particularly ANXD3. Greater awareness of the possibility of atlantoaxial subluxation, dental anomalies, and craniosynostosis may lead to more timely diagnosis and treatment.
Baseline neuropsychiatric symptoms and psychotropic medication use midway through data collection of the Longitudinal Early‐Onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS) cohort
Authors: Polsinelli Angelina J. , Wonderlin Ryan J. , Hammers Dustin B. , Garcia Alex Pena , Eloyan Ani , Taurone Alexander , Thangarajah Maryanne , Beckett Laurel , Gao Sujuan , Wang Sophia , Kirby Kala , Logan Paige E. , Aisen Paul , Dage Jeffrey L. , Foroud Tatiana , Griffin Percy , Iaccarino Leonardo , Kramer Joel H. , Koeppe Robert , Kukull Walter A. , La Joie Renaud , Mundada Nidhi S. , Murray Melissa E. , Nudelman Kelly , Soleimani‐Meigooni David N. , Rumbaugh Malia , Toga Arthur W. , Touroutoglou Alexandra , Vemuri Prashanthi , Atri Alireza , Day Gregory S. , Duara Ranjan , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Honig Lawrence S. , Jones David T. , Masdeu Joseph , Mendez Mario F. , Womack Kyle , Musiek Erik , Onyike Chiadi U. , Riddle Meghan , Rogalski Emily , Salloway Steven , Sha Sharon J. , Turner Raymond S. , Wingo Thomas S. , Wolk David A. , Carrillo Maria C. , Dickerson Bradford C. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Apostolova Liana G. ,   LEADS Consortium
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionWe examined neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and psychotropic medication use in a large sample of individuals with early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD; onset 40‐64 years) at the midway point of data collection for the Longitudinal Early‐onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS).MethodsBaseline NPS (Neuropsychiatric Inventory – Questionnaire; Geriatric Depression Scale) and psychotropic medication use from 282 participants enrolled in LEADS were compared across diagnostic groups – amyloid‐positive EOAD (n = 212) and amyloid negative early‐onset non‐Alzheimer's disease (EOnonAD; n = 70).ResultsAffective behaviors were the most common NPS in EOAD at similar frequencies to EOnonAD. Tension and impulse control behaviors were more common in EOnonAD. A minority of participants were using psychotropic medications, and use was higher in EOnonAD.DiscussionOverall NPS burden and psychotropic medication use were higher in EOnonAD than EOAD participants. Future research will investigate moderators and etiological drivers of NPS, and NPS differences in EOAD versus late‐onset AD.