bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel rapamycin cream formulation improves facial angiofibromas associated with tuberous sclerosis complex: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Aitken Phillip , Stanescu Ioana , Boddington Laura , Mahon Caroline , Fogarasi Andras , Liao Yi-Hua , Ivars Marta , Moreno-Artero Ester , Trauner Doris , DeRoos Steven T , Jancic Jasna , Nikolic Milos , Balážová Patrícia , Price Harper N , Hadzsiev Kinga , Riney Kate , Stapleton Stacie , Tollefson Megha M , Bauer Derek , Pinková Blanka , Atkinson Hartley 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Facial angiofibromas (FAs) are a major feature of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Topical rapamycin can successfully treat FAs. A new stabilized cream formulation that protects rapamycin from oxidation has been developed in 0.5% and 1% concentrations.

Objectives
To assess the efficacy and safety of a novel, stabilized topical rapamycin cream formulation.

Methods
This multicentre double-blind randomized placebo-controlled dose–response phase II/III study with a parallel design included participants aged 6–65 years with FAs of mild or moderate severity according to the Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) scale. Participants were randomized to one of three treatment arms: topical rapamycin 0.5%, topical rapamycin 1% or placebo. Treatment was applied once daily for 26 weeks. Safety and efficacy measures were assessed at days 14, 56, 98, 140 and 182. The primary endpoint was the percentage of participants achieving IGA scores of ‘clear’ or ‘almost clear’ after 26 weeks of treatment. Secondary measures included Facial Angiofibroma Severity Index (FASI) and participant- and clinician-reported percentage-based improvement. Safety measures included the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events and blood rapamycin concentration changes over time.

Results
Participants (n = 107) were randomized to receive either rapamycin 1% (n = 33), rapamycin 0.5% (n = 36) or placebo (n = 38). All treated participants were included in the final analysis. The percentage of participants with a two-grade IGA improvement was greater in the rapamycin 0.5% treatment group (11%) and rapamycin 1% group (9%) than in the placebo group (5%). However, this was not statistically significant [rapamycin 0.5%: odds ratio (OR) 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36–8.18 (P = 0.50); rapamycin 1%: OR 1.68, 95% CI 0.33–8.40 (P = 0.53)]. There was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of participants treated with rapamycin cream that achieved at least a one-grade improvement in IGA [rapamycin 0.5%: 56% (OR 4.73, 95% CI 1.59–14.10; P = 0.005); rapamycin 1%: 61% (OR 5.14, 95% CI 1.70–15.57; P = 0.004); placebo: 24%]. Skin adverse reactions were more common in patients following rapamycin application (64%) vs. placebo (29%).

Conclusions
Both rapamycin cream formulations (0.5% and 1%) were well tolerated, and either strength could lead to clinical benefit in the treatment of FA.
Effects of social presence on behavioral, neural, and physiological aspects of empathy for pain
Authors: Petereit Pauline , Weiblen Ronja , Perry Anat , Krämer Ulrike M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In mediated interactions (e.g. video calls), less information is available about the other. To investigate how this affects our empathy for one another, we conducted an electroencephalogram study, in which 30 human participants observed 1 of 5 targets undergoing painful electric stimulation, once in a direct interaction and once in a live, video-mediated interaction. We found that observers were as accurate in judging others’ pain and showed as much affective empathy via video as in a direct encounter. While mu suppression, a common neural marker of empathy, was not sensitive to others’ pain, theta responses to others’ pain as well as skin conductance coupling between participants were reduced in the video-mediated condition. We conclude that physical proximity with its rich social cues is important for nuanced physiological resonance with the other’s experience. More studies are warranted to confirm these results and to understand their behavioral significance for remote social interactions.
Asymptomatic Testing of Hospital Admissions for SARS-CoV-2: Is it OK to Stop?
Authors: Brust Karen B , Kobayashi Takaaki , Diekema Daniel J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Universal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing of all persons admitted to acute care hospitals has become common practice. We describe why 1 hospital discontinued this practice after weighing potential benefits against known harms. Considerations around the benefits shifted as we saw a decline in SARS-CoV-2 community transmission and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity of illness, increased availability of vaccines and treatments, and better understood the many other transmission pathways in the healthcare environment. Considerations around harms included the additional strain on laboratory and infection prevention resources, and several unintended adverse consequences of admission screening for patients, including unnecessary isolation, antiviral treatments, and delays in care delivery. Poor test performance for detection of infectiousness also played a significant role in determining to stop universal screening. No increase in hospital-onset COVID-19 has been documented since discontinuation of admission testing. We continue to apply other established layers of prevention while monitoring for any change in incidence of within-facility transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
In Support of Universal Admission Testing for SARS-CoV-2 During Significant Community Transmission
Authors: Rhee Chanu , Klompas Michael , Pak Theodore R , Köhler Julia R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Many hospitals have stopped or are considering stopping universal admission testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We discuss reasons why admission testing should still be part of a layered system to prevent hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infections during times of significant community transmission. These include the morbidity of SARS-CoV-2 in vulnerable patients, the predominant contribution of presymptomatic and asymptomatic people to transmission, the high rate of transmission between patients in shared rooms, and data suggesting surveillance testing is associated with fewer nosocomial infections. Preferences of diverse patient populations, particularly the hardest-hit communities, should be surveyed and used to inform prevention measures. Hospitals’ ethical responsibility to protect patients from serious infections should predominate over concerns about costs, labor, and inconvenience. We call for more rigorous data on the incidence and morbidity of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infections and more research to help determine when to start, stop, and restart universal admission testing and other prevention measures.
Infectious Diseases Society of America 2023 Guidance on the Treatment of Antimicrobial Resistant Gram-Negative Infections
Authors: Tamma Pranita D , Aitken Samuel L , Bonomo Robert A , Mathers Amy J , van Duin David , Clancy Cornelius J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
The Infectious Diseases Society of America is committed to providing up-to-date guidance on the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant infections. This guidance document focuses on infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Enterobacterales, AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa with difficult-to-treat resistance, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. This updated document replaces previous versions of the guidance document.

Methods
A panel of 6 infectious diseases specialists with expertise in managing antimicrobial-resistant infections formulated questions about the treatment of infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales, AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa with difficult-to-treat resistance, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, and S. maltophilia. Because of differences in the epidemiology of resistance and availability of specific anti-infectives internationally, this document focuses on the treatment of infections in the United States.

Results
Preferred and alternative suggested treatment approaches are provided with accompanying rationales, assuming the causative organism has been identified and antibiotic susceptibility results are known. Approaches to empiric treatment, transitioning to oral therapy, duration of therapy, and other management considerations are also discussed briefly. Suggested approaches apply for both adult and pediatric populations, although suggested antibiotic dosages are provided only for adults.

Conclusions
The field of antimicrobial-resistance is highly dynamic. Consultation with an infectious diseases specialist is recommended for the treatment of antimicrobial resistant infections. This document is current as of 31 December 2022 and will be updated periodically. The most current version of this document, including date of publication, is available at www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/amr-guidance/.
Fingerspelling Used in Classrooms by Teachers of the Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing
Authors: Walsh-Aziz Marcia L , Schick Brenda , Lederberg Amy 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Studies have shown the benefits of fingerspelling on literacy skills in school-age deaf and hard-of-hearing students. This study is an observation of 20 first- and second-grade classrooms. The classroom observations were coded for fingerspelling event frequency, type, length, and whether it was chained to print. The observations showed that teachers used an average of 54 fingerspelled events during 40-min lessons. Teachers’ frequency of fingerspelling was positively related to students’ frequency of fingerspelling. The types of words fingerspelled included Vocabulary (nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs), Function (prepositions, articles, and conjunctions), Abbreviations, and Single Letter Names (i.e., manual alphabet). Teachers most frequently fingerspelled Vocabulary words (57.9%, SD = 22.1%) followed by Function words (15%, SD = 11.2%). The average length of Vocabulary and Function words were 4.2 (SD = 0.7) and 2.9 (SD = 1.1) letters, respectively. Teachers chained fingerspelling to print 20% (SD = 10%) of the time. We suggest that teachers could increase and more systematically use fingerspelling in early-elementary classrooms, explicitly bridging the connection between fingerspelling and print given its association with reading.
H i intensity mapping with MeerKAT: forecast for delay power spectrum measurement using interferometer mode
Authors: Zhang Ming , Li Yichao , Zhang Jing-Fei , Zhang Xin 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Neutral hydrogen (H i) intensity-mapping (IM) surveys are considered a promising tool for investigating the expansion history of the Universe. In this work, we explore the potential of MeerKAT H i IM observations in interferometer mode to estimate the power spectrum and constrain cosmological parameters within typical dark-energy models. We employ an approach called the ‘delay spectrum’, which allows us to separate the weak H i signal from foreground contamination in the frequency domain. Our findings indicate that the choice of survey fields significantly impacts the fractional errors on the power spectrum (ΔP/P) within a limited observational time of 10 h. As the integration time increases from 10–10 000 h, ΔP/P progressively decreases until cosmic variance begins to dominate. For a total observation time of 10 000 h, the lowest ΔP/P at low k can be achieved by tracking 100 points for the MeerKAT L band (900–1200 MHz) and 10 points for the MeerKAT UHF band (580–1000 MHz). Next, we assess the performance of H i IM in constraining typical dark-energy models. We find that the MeerKAT H i IM survey in interferometer mode demonstrates limited capability in constraining the dark-energy equation of state, even when combined with Planck data. Our analysis serves as a valuable guide for future MeerKAT observations in H i IM surveys.
Everything that glitters is not gold: V1315 Cas is not a dormant black hole
Authors: Zak J , Jones D , Boffin H M J , Beck P G , Klencki J , Bodensteiner J , Shenar T , Van Winckel H , Skarka M , Arellano-Córdova K , Viuho J , Sowicka P , Guenther E W , Hatzes A 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
The quest for quiet or dormant black holes has been ongoing since several decades. Ellipsoidal variables possibly indicate the existence of a very high-mass invisible companion and are thought to be one of the best ways to find such dormant black holes. This, however, is not a panacea as we show here with one example. We indeed report the discovery of a new semidetached interacting binary, V1315 Cas, discovered as an ellipsoidal variable. Using data from photometric surveys (ASAS-SN, TESS) and high-resolution spectroscopy, we derived a nearly circular orbit with an orbital period of Porb = 34.54 d. The binary system consists of an evolved F-type star primary that is likely still filling its Roche lobe and a B-type star secondary. Using phoebe2, we derived the following masses and radii: for the primary, $M_p =0.84 \pm 0.03 \, \rm {M}_{\odot}$ and $R_p =18.51^{+0.12}_{-0.07} \, \rm {R}_{\odot}$; for the secondary, $M_s =7.3 \pm 0.3 \, \rm {M}_{\odot}$ and $R_s =4.02^{+2.3}_{-2.0}\, \rm {R}_{\odot}$. Modelling the evolution of the system with mesa, we found an age of ∼7.7 × 107 yr. The system is at the end of a period of rapid non-conservative mass transfer that reversed its mass ratio, while significantly widening its orbit. The primary shows carbon depletion and nitrogen overabundance, indicative of CNO-processed material being exposed due to mass transfer. An infrared excess and stationary H α emission suggest the presence of a circumstellar or circumbinary disc. V1315 Cas will likely become a detached stripped star binary.
DeSUMOylation of chromatin-bound proteins limits the rapid transcriptional reprogramming induced by daunorubicin in acute myeloid leukemias
Authors: Boulanger Mathias , Aqrouq Mays , Tempé Denis , Kifagi Chamseddine , Ristic Marko , Akl Dana , Hallal Rawan , Carusi Aude , Gabellier Ludovic , de Toledo Marion , Sigurdsson Jon-Otti , Kaoma Tony , Andrieu-Soler Charlotte , Forné Thierry , Soler Eric , Hicheri Yosr , Gueret Elise , Vallar Laurent , Olsen Jesper V , Cartron Guillaume , Piechaczyk Marc , Bossis Guillaume 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Genotoxicants have been used for decades as front-line therapies against cancer on the basis of their DNA-damaging actions. However, some of their non-DNA-damaging effects are also instrumental for killing dividing cells. We report here that the anthracycline Daunorubicin (DNR), one of the main drugs used to treat Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), induces rapid (3 h) and broad transcriptional changes in AML cells. The regulated genes are particularly enriched in genes controlling cell proliferation and death, as well as inflammation and immunity. These transcriptional changes are preceded by DNR-dependent deSUMOylation of chromatin proteins, in particular at active promoters and enhancers. Surprisingly, inhibition of SUMOylation with ML-792 (SUMO E1 inhibitor), dampens DNR-induced transcriptional reprogramming. Quantitative proteomics shows that the proteins deSUMOylated in response to DNR are mostly transcription factors, transcriptional co-regulators and chromatin organizers. Among them, the CCCTC-binding factor CTCF is highly enriched at SUMO-binding sites found in cis-regulatory regions. This is notably the case at the promoter of the DNR-induced NFKB2 gene. DNR leads to a reconfiguration of chromatin loops engaging CTCF- and SUMO-bound NFKB2 promoter with a distal cis-regulatory region and inhibition of SUMOylation with ML-792 prevents these changes.
Islam, Digital Media, and Identity
Authors: Rahman Fazlul 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the impact of Islamic identity in physical spaces on its representation online. It finds that even though the media plays an essential role in expanding religion, the different logic of each in most cases creates conflicts, particularly in the case of identity. In Indonesian online media, the issue of “the criminalization of ulama” shows a clear token of how the long-established concept of religious identity in Islam faced various challenges and threats in the contemporary media environment. Consequently, Muslim religious leaders are more cautious in adopting new media. This chapter finds the same evidence in the early Muslims’ interactions with traditional media. Using mediatization and Campbell’s Religious-Social Shaping Technology as its theoretical basis, this chapter argues that the logic of Islamic identity, which is strongly attached to physical values, is different from the logic of media online. Accordingly, this mentality causes a cautious attitude among Muslim religious leaders to adopt media (from the old to the current digital media).
Mary Wollstonecraft and Wollstonecraftian Philosophy
Authors: Coffee Alan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter traces the development of one of Wollstonecraft’s central insights, that women’s natural and political rights can only be realized in a supportive cultural environment, into the nineteenth century. It does this by looking at the work of two other Wollstonecrafts, Nancy Kingsbury Wollstonecraft and Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, and by examining the application of Wollstonecraftian ideas about racial justice in abolitionist writing. Kingsbury develops a Wollstonecraftian line in addressing the question of why women appear not to take advantage of the increasing number of educational opportunities becoming available to them in the early nineteenth century, arguing that structural inequalities make it rational for women to make the decisions they do. Shelley takes the republican framework that Wollstonecraft uses and tests it against a range of human failings, such as selfish ambition and factional loyalty and identity. Throughout the nineteenth century, abolitionists frequently made extensive use of Wollstonecraftian ideas. Frederick Douglass is one example. Harriet Jacobs adds the perspective of a feminist and slave, particularly with respect to sexual violence and family relationships.
Harms of AI
Authors: Acemoglu Daron 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This essay discusses several potential economic, political, and social costs of the current path of AI technologies. I argue that if AI continues to be deployed along its current trajectory and remains unregulated, it may produce various social, economic, and political harms. These include: damaging competition, consumer privacy, and consumer choice; excessively automating work, fueling inequality, inefficiently pushing down wages, and failing to improve worker productivity; and damaging political discourse, democracy’s most fundamental lifeblood. Although there is no conclusive evidence suggesting that these costs are imminent or substantial, it may be useful to understand them before they are fully realized and become harder, or even impossible, to reverse, precisely because of AI’s promising and wide-reaching potential. I also suggest that these costs are not inherent to the nature of AI technologies, but are related to how they are being used and developed at the moment—to empower corporations and governments against workers and citizens. As a result, efforts to limit and reverse these costs may need to rely on regulation and policies to redirect AI research. Attempts to contain them just by promoting competition may be insufficient. *
Teaching around the Globe
Authors: Reeve Johnmarshall , Ahmad Ikhlas , Ahn Jiseul Sophia , Bartholomew Kimberly J. , Chiu Thomas K. F. , Dias Tatiane Lebre , English Janet , Gargurevich Rafael , Matos Lennia , Haerens Leen , Jang Hyungshim , Kaplan Haya , Liu Woon Chia , Wang John C. K. , Tristán José , López-Walle Jeanette M. , Michou Aikaterini , Moss Jennifer D. , Mynard Jo , Olaussen Bodil Stokke , Rauhala Terhi , Veiga Feliciano H. , Vicentini Eliana Cristina Chiminazzo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Teaching is global, so the purpose of this chapter is to provide an international perspective on classroom instruction. In the first part, the authors summarize findings from two international investigations (conducted by others). The first is a video observational study involving eight nations reporting their typical teaching practices in terms of classroom management, social-emotional support, and quality of instruction. The second is a survey-based study involving 19 nations in which teachers self-reported their job satisfaction and teaching efficacy. In the second part, the authors invite educators from 19 different countries to participate in a virtual roundtable discussion to communicate what is special about teaching in their particular nation. Each educator answered this question: What can the rest of the world learn from what teachers in your nation do so well? The roundtable participants highlight their teachers’ work ethic, engagement in professional learning communities, commitment to inclusion and democratic education, and opportunities for both autonomy and collaboration.
Leukocyte Ig-like receptor A3 facilitates inflammation, migration and invasion of synovial tissue-derived fibroblasts via ERK/JNK activation
Authors: Liu Mengru , Tang Yundi , Du Yan , Zhang Jing , Hu Fanlei , Zou Yundong , Li Yingni , Zhu Lei , He Jing , Guo Jianping , Li Zhanguo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveLeukocyte Ig-like receptor A3 (LILRA3) is a soluble receptor belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Our previous studies demonstrated that LILRA3 is a common genetic risk for multiple autoimmune diseases, including RA. Functional LILRA3 conferred increased risk of joint destruction in patients with early RA. We undertook this study to further investigate the pathological role of LILRA3 in joint inflammation of RA.MethodsSoluble LILRA3 was measured by ELISA. LILRA3 plasmids were transfected into human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) using electroporation. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was determined by western blots. Cytokine transcripts were quantified by real-time PCR. Migratory and invasive capacities of FLSs were evaluated using transwell migration and Matrigel invasion assays. FLS apoptosis was analysed using flow cytometry. Colocalization of LILRA3, LILRB1 and HLA-G in RA-FLSs was visualized by immunofluorescence staining.ResultsSoluble LILRA3 was specifically expressed in synovial fluid and serum LILRA3 was significantly increased and positively correlated with disease activity/severity in RA patients. LILRA3 induced an increased expression of IL-6, IL-8 and MMP3 in RA-FLSs. In vitro LILRA3 stimulation or overexpression promoted RA-FLS migration and invasion, and enhanced phosphorylation of ERK/JNK. Inhibition of ERK/JNK resulted in suppression of IL-6/IL-8 expression in LILRA3-stimulated RA-FLSs. LILRA3 was co-localized with its homologue LILRB1 and shared ligand HLA-G in RA-FLSs.ConclusionThe present study provides the first evidence that soluble LILRA3 is a novel proinflammatory mediator involved in synovial inflammation by promoting RA-FLS activation, migration and invasion, probably through the ERK/JNK signalling pathways.