bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freins et leviers de l’adaptation au changement climatique : représentations des acteurs de moyenne montagne
Authors: Céline Lutoff , Susa Arina , Branche Stéphane La , Maréchal Chloé , Chamaret Aurélie 
Published: February 2023

Face au changement climatique les acteurs des collectivités sont amenés à développer des actions pour s’adapter aux effets locaux. Cependant, on constate que ces actions peinent à se mettre en place. Dans cette étude, nous cherchons à identifier quels sont les freins à cette mise en action ou au contraire, ce qui peut constituer des leviers utiles pour l’adaptation. Pour cela, nous nous intéressons particulièrement aux territoires de moyenne montagne aux moyennes latitudes (Alpes, Europe occidentale), régions dans lesquelles les impacts du changement climatique s’expriment déjà très concrètement. Une double enquête réalisée auprès des acteurs des collectivités de la région Auvergne Rhône-Alpes en France permet d’identifier les facteurs en jeu dans le développement de mesures d’adaptation au niveau local. Nuançant ce que la littérature indique, l’étude montre que le défaut d’engagement des collectivités locales de moyenne montagne est moins lié à une faible conscience des enjeux et des effets du réchauffement climatique qu’à l’incertitude qui s’exprime sous trois formes différentes : i) incertitude sur les possibles évolutions futures du climat et des territoires, ii) incertitude sur les modalités de transfert des connaissances sur ces changements et sur leurs effets à des échelles fines, et iii) incertitude concernant la pertinence des actions mises en œuvre et de leurs effets. Les acteurs interrogés, directement impliqués dans l’élaboration des stratégies d’adaptation, révèlent ainsi un besoin d’espace de concertation et de partage d’expériences sur les pratiques et les solutions d’adaptation, mais aussi un besoin d’accompagnement pour entreprendre les changements majeurs nécessaires pour limiter les impacts des changements climatiques sur ces territoires vulnérables.
Printemps arabe et « retour à la montagne », prédation ou développement ?
Authors: Rebei Hédi 
Published: February 2023

Malgré leur statut de propriété domaniale mise en défens, les montagnes tunisiennes connaissent un phénomène de « retour » des ruraux et des formes d’exploitation et d’occupation variées depuis la révolte du 14 janvier 2011. Cela met fin à la distanciation des rapports entre l’homme et la montagne, mais restaure-t-il le patrimoine montagnard des régions concernées ? Y impulse-t-il le développement local ? Ou génère-t-il de nouveaux ravages environnementaux et de nouveaux conflits ? L’exemple de djebel Goubrar (Tunisie du Centre-Ouest) permet de comprendre les mutations des structures agraires et des formes d’occupation du sol depuis la fin du XIXème siècle. Il aide surtout à comprendre l’actuel « retour à la montagne » et les stratégies et représentations des acteurs locaux autour du développement local et durable de ces régions pauvres et marginalisées.
STATISTICAL APPROACHES VERSUS WEATHER GENERATOR TO DOWNSCALE RCM OUTPUTS TO POINT SCALE: A COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCES
Authors: Villani Veronica , Rianna Guido , Mercogliano Paola , Zollo Alessandra Lucia , Schiano Pasquale 
Published: February 2023

To properly evaluate weather variables regulating the occurrence of geo-hydrological hazards, the current constraints of climate models imply the need of adopting statistical approaches in cascade to GCM/RCM for the assessment of the potential variations associated to climate changes.
Since, in the last years, several approaches, often freely available, have been proposed and applied to investigate various hazards in different geographical areas and geomorphological contexts, a deeper understanding about their performances and constraints is crucial; in the work, it is carried out focusing the attention on two kind of approaches widely adopted in impact studies: bias correction methods(in particular, quantile mapping tools) and weather generators. Both methodology have been applied to outputs of an high resolution RCM simulation carried out on Italian territory for analyzing two very localized (and then challenging) landslide case studies.
Beyond an assessment about relative performances in reproducing weather variables on the areas, the goal concerns an increasing awareness about how these approaches could affect the climate signal, physically detected by RCM, not only in outputs weather variables but also in derived components of soil surface budgets strictly governing the occurrence of landslide phenomena.
Functional and organic psychosis: Overlap or distinct phenomenon
Authors: Sreelatha P. , Manickyam M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Organic and nonorganic/functional psychosis present with unique symptoms which can propel in differentiating these entities. Not always the distinction is clear-cut which poses challenges with the treatment approach to ensure that the patient responds to the medication. We are presenting a case with initial evidence suggestive of organic causation. On revaluation of the case, as no further pointers towards as organic basis was found. Futher management of case as functional psychosis showed clinical and functional improvement. This case report highlights the blurring of the distinction between organic and functional etiologies of psychosis.
Histologic evaluation of dentin bridge formation by pachymic acid and biodentine in human tooth culture model
Authors: Khazane Manish Kumar , Mahalaxmi Sekar , Vidhya Sampath 
Published: February 2023

Aim:
Pachymic acid (PA) has been shown to induce reparative dentinogenesis at the cellular level. The aim of the present study was to histologically evaluate reparative dentin (RD) formation by Biodentine (BIO) and PA when used as pulp capping agents in entire human tooth culture models under in vitro conditions.

Materials and Methods:
Forty human maxillary and mandibular premolar or third molar teeth with immature root apices were included in the study. The specimens were randomly allocated to two groups (n = 20) based on the pulp capping material used. In a tooth culture model set up, pulp (approximately 1 mm2) was intentionally exposed and capped respectively with BIO (Group I) or PA (Group II). The capping material was overlaid with a 2 mm thick layer of light cure glass ionomer cement, followed by resin composite restoration. The samples were cultured in a 5% CO2 incubator at 37°C for 45 days, with the culture media being replenished every day. At the end of the incubation period, the samples from both the groups were removed from the model and taken up for histological analysis.

Results:
PA formed significantly less uniform and less thicker dentin bridge compared to BIO. A mild inflammatory response was seen in PA treated samples. A more uniform odontoblast layer was seen in samples treated with BIO.

Conclusion:
Though PA has the potential to initiate RD formation, BIO proved to be a superior pulp capping material.
Comparative evaluation of mineral trioxide aggregate, endoseal, and biodentine in furcation perforation repair
Authors: Baralay Udita Khare , Raghavendra Srinidhi Surya 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:
The aim of this study is a comparative evaluation of the sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Angelus, pozzolan-based Endoseal MTA, and Biodentine when used as sealing materials for furcation perforation. This was done with a bacterial leakage model.

Materials and Method:
Sixty-four permanent mandibular molars were selected and horizontally sectioned at middle third of the root. Cavities of 2 mm depth were prepared at the root ends. Access cavities were prepared, and the canal orifices and the root end cavities were restored with light cured resin. Perforations of diameter 1.6 mm were created in the center of the pulpal floor using a round bur in a low-speed handpiece. The teeth were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (n = 20). The perforation sites in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were repaired with MTA Angelus, EndoSeal MTA, and Biodentine, respectively. The teeth were inserted individually in an Eppendorf vial which was then placed in a McCartney's bottle containing nutrient broth. The reservoirs were filled with 0.5 ml of Enterococcus faecalis. The system was incubated at 37°C and checked for appearance of turbidity in the nutrient broth for 30 days, and these findings were noted. Level of significance was fixed at P = 0.05, and statistical analysis was done with Chi-square analysis using IBM SPSS statistics 20.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA).

Results:
In the time interval of 30 days, all the materials showed contamination to varying degrees (MTA Angelus 8/20 samples, Endoseal MTA 10/20 samples, and Biodentine 7/20 samples). There was no significant difference between the three groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
MTA Angelus, Endoseal MTA, and Biodentine showed contamination in a 30-day incubation period when used as furcation perforation seal materials.
Comparative evaluation of shaping ability of sequential rotary, single rotary, and single reciprocating file systems in simulated curved canals using cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Selvan P Senthamil , Aparajitha R V , Ahamed A Shafie , Bhavani S , Rajaraman G 
Published: February 2023

Aim:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare canal transportation (CT) and centering ability (CA) between sequential rotary, single rotary, and single reciprocating file systems using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in simulated curved canals.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty curved root canals simulated in clear resin blocks were divided randomly into three groups – Group I – ProTaper Gold–PTG (Sequential continuous rotation), Group II – One Curve-OC (Single-file continuous rotation), and Group III – WaveOne GOLD-WOGs (Single-file reciprocating motion) Ten samples of each group were positioned in a custom-made dental stone holder and subjected to CBCT scanning with 5 samples at a time at 3 mm, 5 mm, and 7 mm from the apical end before and after instrumentation. The canals were subjected to instrumentation using the files according to the group allotted. The files were used as recommended by the manufacturer and subjected to CBCT scanning. The values of CT and CA were obtained using the formula given by Gambill et al., and statistical analysis was performed.

Results:
The results showed that within the groups, all groups showed higher mean values of CT and lower CA in apical level followed by middle and coronal level, respectively, and between the groups, the least CT and highest CA exhibited in WOG followed by OC and PTG, respectively.

Conclusion:
The least CT and highest CA exhibited in WOG (Single-file reciprocation system) followed by OC (Single-file continuous rotation) and PTG (Sequential file system with continuous rotation), respectively.
Immunomodulation in Sepsis-Induced Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Children
Authors: Kumar Ashna , Choudhari Priyanka , Maheshwari Anu , Ackshya R. , Mahto Deonath 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Sepsis is a state of systemic inflammation due to an infectious etiology that may lead to multisystem dysfunction, hemodynamic instability, and even death. It has been postulated that there may be an underlying immunomodulatory process resulting from rapid and exaggerated activation of macrophages that results in a cytokine storm and the development of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). Adding immunomodulation to standard therapy (antibiotics and supportive care) can improve the prognosis.

Clinical Description:
We present a series of three young children who presented with the clinical features of sepsis. All three showed poor clinical response to management with timely antibiotics and supportive care, even after 48–72 h of initiation. In addition, there was the development of thrombocytopenia and transaminitis. The suspicion of MAS prompted us to order ferritin, triglyceride, and fibrinogen levels and applies the 2016 diagnostic criteria for MAS. These were satisfied, thus establishing the diagnosis.

Management:
In all three cases, immunomodulatory agents (intravenous immunoglobulin with or without pulses of methylprednisolone) were added, after which there was a clinical improvement, normalization of biomarkers, and complete recovery.

Conclusion:
Early immunomodulatory therapy, in addition to antibiotics, is beneficial in the successful treatment of children presenting with sepsis-induced MAS, thus preventing further morbidity and mortality and improving outcomes.
Encephalopathy Associated with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
Authors: Mehta Charul R. , Verma Aashna , Bansal Shashank 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (EAATD) is an uncommon disorder affecting the central nervous system and associated with autoimmune thyroid disorders. It has myriad manifestations. Although most commonly seen with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, it has also been reported with Graves' disease. As it has no pathognomonic features (apart from response to steroids), it is a diagnosis of exclusion, and can be very challenging for the clinician.

Clinical Description:
An 11-year-old girl presented with a fever and altered sensorium for a few hours. In-depth history was unable to identify any significant history apart from recent weight loss. Salient examination findings were severe thinness, tachycardia, an enlarged thyroid gland, and altered sensorium, but the absence of neurological deficit, meningeal involvement, and increased intracranial tension. The clinical phenotype was acute encephalitis syndrome. Investigations ruled out biomarkers of infection, metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia, dyselectrolytemia, uremia, hepatic dysfunction, and diabetic ketoacidosis. Neuroimaging was normal. Cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities were lymphocytosis, high protein, and normal glucose. A thyroid function test identified hyperthyroidism. Doppler ultrasonography revealed a diffusely enlarged and hypervascular thyroid gland. Thyrotropin-receptor antibodies were elevated (>10 IU/L). The final diagnosis was EAATD secondary to Graves' disease.

Management and Outcome:
Intravenous methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg/day), antithyroid drugs, and beta-blockers were started, on which she showed rapid and marked improvement.

Conclusions:
A detailed history, diligent clinical examination, and rational systemic approach needs to be undertaken to establish a diagnosis of EAATD.
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Presenting as Afebrile Encephalopathy
Authors: Kharod Prarthana , Mishra Devendra , Chawla Deepti , Pandey Anurag , Juneja Monica 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem genetic disorder with a range of physical manifestations that require regular evaluation, surveillance, and management. Central nervous system manifestations are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in TSC patients. Encephalopathy, which may be due to multiple etiologies, maybe seen sometimes in these patients.

Clinical Description:
We are sharing a series of three cases, presenting to us within a 6-month period with encephalopathy, who were admitted and treated by us. Etiologies were identified in all three cases with variable spectrum from nonconvulsive status epilepticus to autistic regression to valproate-associated hyperammonemia.

Management:
All three patients admitted with us were treated as per clinical guidelines for respective etiologies. All patients respond well to treatment and were discharged and are under regular follow-up.

Conclusion:
There are various etiologies for encephalopathy in a child with TSC. Therefore, thorough history, examination, and investigations should be carried out in every child with TSC to find out the likely cause of encephalopathy, and treatment should be initiated according to the underlying cause.
Perception of herbs use in treating diabetes among patients attending specialized polyclinics of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah
Authors: Alzahrani Mahmoud A. , Alsiary Khulood A. , Khan Muhammad A. , Bushnaq Adeeb , Alzahrani Bassam , Salama Marwan , Alamri Nawaf S. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Diabetes mellitus represents a major burden globally and locally. Some diabetic patients may resort to the use of herbal medicine as another approach to control their blood glucose levels. This study aims to assess the prevalence and the perception of diabetic patients toward the usage of herbs in treating diabetes.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a specialized polyclinic of the primary health care center in the National Guard hospital located in Jeddah. The questionnaire was interviewer-administered and a total of 196 diabetic patients were interviewed.

Results:
Of 196 patients interviewed, most (59.7%) have used herbs to treat diabetes. Cinnamon, garlic, fenugreek, and moringa were the most common herbs used by diabetic patients. Many herbal users (49.9%) reported that herbs can play a role in decreasing blood glucose levels and (48%) of herbal users prefer the use of herbs over conventional medicine in treating diabetes. Most diabetic patients (37.3%) gained their knowledge about herbs through media and the experiences of other diabetic patients and we found that the reason to use herbs the majority was to reap the benefits of the herbs (48.7%) or because of herbs on controlling diabetes and reducing diabetic complications (30.7%).

Conclusion:
This study concluded that herbs are commonly used among diabetic patients and the majority of patients perceive herbs as a cofactor in controlling diabetes.
Impact of COVID-19 vaccines on the health status of young female adults from India: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Silwal Karishma , Kodali Prakash Babu , Sharma Hemanshu , Tewani Gulab Rai , Nair Pradeep M. K. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
Reports suggest that females experience more adverse events post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination compared to males. However, no gender-specific data on the impact of vaccines on the Indian population are available. The present study was intended to understand the impact of COVID-19 vaccines on the health status of young Indian female adults and to identify the factors associated with experiencing adverse events post-vaccination.

Methods:
A web-based survey was conducted among 433 young female adults who have taken at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The prevalence and duration of systemic and generalized symptoms were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The factors associated with symptoms post-vaccination were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed. A P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:
Of the 404 surveys returned (93.3%), 371 respondents have received both vaccine doses. COVISHIELD™ was the vaccine of choice among 73% of respondents and nearly 91% of the respondents reported a re-infection post-vaccination. At least one form of the symptom as a side effect of vaccination was experienced by 88.4% (n = 357) of the participants. This included generalized symptoms (77.5%) followed by musculoskeletal (53.2%), localized (38.9%), psychological (35.1%), gastrointestinal (25.5%), gynecological (24%), and endocrine symptoms (22.5%). Presence of chronic ailments was significantly associated with experiencing localized symptoms (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.25-3.91), psychological symptoms (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.34-4.34), neurological symptoms (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.38-6.46), gastrointestinal symptoms (OR 4.76, 95% CI 2.59-8.75), respiratory symptoms (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.29-4.67), endocrine symptoms (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.58-5.38), and gynecological symptoms (OR 4.05, 95% CI 2.21-7.44). Older than 21 years was significantly associated with the experience of gynecologic symptoms (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.24-3.64). Not being re-infected post-vaccination has lower odds of experiencing psychological, gastrointestinal, and respiratory symptoms.

Conclusion:
Our result suggests serious planning and counseling are warranted while disseminating COVID-19 vaccination among young female adults especially those with comorbidities to foster trust and coverage.
Barriers of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers attending primary health-care centers in Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Gohal Gassem , Mustafa Mai , Al-Makramani Ali A. A. , Ahmed Amani A. , Salih Sarah M. , Abdelmola Amani O. , Elsharief Mohamed W. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) describes infants who were only breastfed for 6 months. Many Saudi mothers have suboptimal breastfeeding practices. Therefore, this study aims to assess breastfeeding knowledge and determine barriers to EBF among mothers attending primary health care centers in Jazan City.

Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was done that included all mothers attending the PHC centers. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire.

Results:
Most study participants understand breastfeeding’s health benefits for babies and mothers, but most believe that synthetic milk is the best alternative for working mothers to feed their babies. A percentage of 66.7 of mothers practiced breastfeeding during the first 6 months of the child’s life. EBF shows a significant relationship with knowledge and barriers. Sixty percent of mothers have never had any information about breastfeeding; the primary source was from their mothers and only 31.4% from hospital staff. Most respondents disagreed with statements of barriers to EBF, which elicits an unexpected response.

Conclusions:
Most participants have good knowledge concerning breastfeeding benefits for both mother and infant and disagreed on the mentioned barriers for EBF that include lack of breastmilk, deficiency of information, and working conditions.
Lange, Friedrich Albert (1828–75)
Authors: Russo Krauss Chiara 
Published: February 2023

The German philosopher Friedrich Albert Lange was a pivotal figure in the nineteenth century, due to the publication of the extremely influential History of Materialism (1866). In his book, Lange proposed a compelling reconstruction of the development of materialism, from ancient Greece to the modern Materialismusstreit (controversy on materialism), which revolved around the possibility to reduce mental activity to physiological processes. Despite acknowledging the merits of materialism for the advancement of science and the overcoming of metaphysics, Lange championed a recovery of Kant’s theory of knowledge, where the transcendental forms were to be established on the physiological organisation of human beings, although not being reducible to it. Thus, Lange became one of the main representatives of the physiological Neo-Kantianism that was typical of the mid-nineteenth century, and a point of reference for later Neo-Kantians of Marburg and Baden Schools.
Lange was also a political activist and theorist, who wanted to improve the condition of the working class by pursuing a socialist policy that differed both from democratic liberalism and the then rising Marxism. While he held that the former was not sincerely in the interest of the working class, he rejected the latter, believing that only constant progress, rather than revolutions, could obtain real improvements. Moreover, he was wary of Marx’s Hegelianism, preferring to establish his political ideas on scientific knowledge, such as Darwinism and Malthusianism.