bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical organization of the human ventral visual streams revealed with magnetoencephalography
Authors: Rolls Edmund T , Deco Gustavo , Zhang Yi , Feng Jianfeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe hierarchical organization between 25 ventral stream visual cortical regions and 180 cortical regions was measured with magnetoencephalography using the Human Connectome Project Multimodal Parcellation atlas in 83 Human Connectome Project participants performing a visual memory task. The aim was to reveal the hierarchical organization using a whole-brain model based on generative effective connectivity with this fast neuroimaging method. V1–V4 formed a first group of interconnected regions. Especially V4 had connectivity to a ventrolateral visual stream: V8, the fusiform face cortex, and posterior inferior temporal cortex PIT. These regions in turn had effectivity connectivity to inferior temporal cortex visual regions TE2p and TE1p. TE2p and TE1p then have connectivity to anterior temporal lobe regions TE1a, TE1m, TE2a, and TGv, which are multimodal. In a ventromedial visual stream, V1–V4 connect to ventromedial regions VMV1–3 and VVC. VMV1–3 and VVC connect to the medial parahippocampal gyrus PHA1–3, which, with the VMV regions, include the parahippocampal scene area. The medial parahippocampal PHA1–3 regions have connectivity to the hippocampal system regions the perirhinal cortex, entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus. These effective connectivities of two ventral visual cortical streams measured with magnetoencephalography provide support to the hierarchical organization of brain systems measured with fMRI, and new evidence on directionality.
Exploring the association between early exposure to material hardship and psychopathology through indirect effects of fronto-limbic functional connectivity during fear learning
Authors: Chen Cheng , Wang Zhengxinyue , Cao Xinyu , Zhu Jianjun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Experiencing family material hardship has been shown to be associated with disruptions in physical and psychological development. However, the association between material hardship and functional connectivity in the fronto-limbic circuit during fear learning is unclear. A total of 161 healthy young adults aged 17–28 were recruited in our brain imaging study, using the Fear Conditioning Task to test the associations between material hardship and connectivity in fronto-limbic circuit and psychopathology. The results showed that family material hardship was linked to higher positive connectivity between the left amygdala and bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, as well as higher negative connectivity between the left hippocampus and right ventromedial prefrontal cortex. A mediation analysis showed that material hardship was associated with depression via amygdala functional connectivity (indirect effect = 0.228, P = 0.016), and also indirectly associated with aggression and anger-hostility symptoms through hippocampal connections (aggression: indirect effect = 0.057, P = 0.001; anger-hostility: indirect effect = 0.169, P = 0.048). That is, family material hardship appears to affect fronto-limbic circuits through changes in specific connectivity, and these specific changes, in turn, could lead to specific psychological symptoms. The findings have implications for designing developmentally sensitive interventions to mitigate the emergence of psychopathological symptoms.
Some generalized centralities in higher-order networks represented by simplicial complexes
Authors: Raj Udit , Bhattacharya Sudeepto 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Higher-order interactions, that is, interactions among the units of group size greater than two, are a fundamental structural feature of a variety of complex systems across the scale. Simplicial complexes are combinatorial objects that can capture and model the higher-order interactions present in a given complex system and thus represent the complex system as a higher-order network comprising simplices. In this work, a given simplicial complex is viewed as a finite union of d-exclusive simplicial complexes. Thus, to represent a complex system as a higher-order network given by a simplicial complex that captures all orders of interactions present in the system, a family of symmetric adjacency tensors A(d) of dimension d + 1 and appropriate order has been used. Each adjacency tensor A(d) represents a d-exclusive simplicial complex and for d≥2 it represents exclusively higher-order interactions of the system. For characterizing the structure of d-exclusive simplicial complexes, the notion of generalized structural centrality indices namely, generalized betweenness centrality and generalized closeness centrality has been established by developing the concepts of generalized walk and generalized distance in the simplicial complex. Generalized centrality indices quantify the contribution of δ-simplices in any d-exclusive simplicial complex Δ, where δ&lt;d and if d≥2, it describes the contribution of δ-faces to the higher-order interactions of Δ. These generalized centrality indices provide local structural descriptions, which lead to mesoscale insights into the simplicial complex that comprises the higher-order network. An important theorem providing a general technique for the characterization of connectedness in d-exclusive simplicial complexes in terms of irreducibility of its adjacency tensor has been established. The concepts developed in this work together with concepts of generalized simplex deletion in d-exclusive simplicial complexes have been illustrated using examples. The effect of deletions on the generalized centralities of the complexes in the examples has been discussed.
‘By Every Hyper-Political Means’: Internationale Situationniste and the Review as Weapon
Authors: Corcos Alex 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article examines the articulation of Situationist perspectives on art and politics with reference to the cycle of protest, surveillance, detention, scandal, repression and violence which accompanied the theoretical writings and practical activities of the Situationists. The Situationist International (SI) was, by design, a mercurial organization whose existence was marked by clandestine activity, conflict – internally and externally – scandal and subversion in multiple guises. The twin concepts of détournement [hijacking] and récupération [recovery] will be explored to show why the recourse to the terminology of war was more than a commonplace rhetorical trope for the SI. The group’s deployment of militaristic language reflects, first, the real-life attention the Situationists received from the forces of order and, secondly, an antagonism which underpinned their conception of political action. Their eponymous journal or review was not itself a privileged organ of the Situationist International, intellectually or aesthetically, but ‘heavy artillery’ which provided a convenient platform to become known to an active readership.
Extreme temperature events and dementia mortality in Chinese adults: a population-based, case-crossover study
Authors: Liu Tingting , Shi Chunxiang , Wei Jing , Xu Ruijun , Li Yingxin , Wang Rui , Lu Wenfeng , Liu Likun , Zhong Chenghui , Zhong Zihua , Zheng Yi , Wang Tingting , Hou Sihan , Lv Ziquan , Huang Suli , Chen Gongbo , Zhou Yun , Sun Hong , Liu Yuewei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The effect of exposure to extreme temperature events (ETEs) on dementia mortality remains largely unknown. We aimed to quantify the association of ETE exposure with dementia mortality.

Methods
We conducted a population-based, case-crossover study among 57 791 dementia deaths in Jiangsu province, China, during 2015–20. Daily mean temperatures were extracted from a validated grid dataset at each subject’s residential address, and grid-specific exposures to heat wave and cold spell were assessed with a combination of their intensity and duration. We applied conditional logistic regression models to investigate cumulative and lag effects for ETE exposures.

Results
Exposure to ETE with each of all 24 definitions was associated with an increased odds of dementia mortality, which was higher when exposed to heat wave. Exposure to heat wave (daily mean temperature ≥95th percentile, duration ≥3 days (d); P95_3d) and cold spell (≤5th percentile, duration ≥3 d; P5_3d) was associated with a 75% (95% CI: 61%, 90%) and 30% (19%, 43%) increase in odds of dementia mortality, respectively. Definitions with higher intensity were generally associated with a higher odds of dementia mortality. We estimated that 6.14% of dementia deaths were attributable to exposure to heat wave (P90_2d) and cold spell (P10_2d). No effect modifications were observed by sex or age, except that the association for heat wave was stronger among women.

Conclusions
Exposure to both heat wave and cold spell was associated with an increased odds of dementia mortality. Our findings highlight that reducing individual ETE exposures may be helpful in preventing deaths from dementia, especially among women in summer.
Safety of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac during pregnancy on birth outcomes and neonatal mortality: a cohort study from Brazil
Authors: Tavares Veras Florentino Pilar , Cerqueira-Silva Thiago , Freire De Carvalho Luciana , Jôse Oliveira Alves Flávia , De Araújo Oliveira Vinicius , Mateus Oliveira Aguilar Gislani , De Sousa Prado Rodrigo , Soranz Daniel , Pearce Neil , Boaventura Viviane , Loreiro Werneck Guilherme , Oliveira Penna Gerson , Lima Barreto Mauricio , Henrique De Oliveira Garcia Márcio , Barral-Netto Manoel , Santos da Paixão Enny 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 vaccines have been shown to protect pregnant individuals against mild and severe COVID-19 outcomes. However, limited safety data are available for inactivated (CoronaVac) and mRNA (BNT162b2) vaccines during pregnancy regarding their effect on birth outcomes and neonatal mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with 17 513 singleton live births conceived between 15 May 2021 and 23 October 2021. The primary exposure was maternal vaccination with CoronaVac or mRNA BNT162b2 vaccines and sub-analyses were performed by the gestational trimester of the first dose and the number of doses given during pregnancy. The outcomes were pre-term birth (PTB), small for gestational age (SGA), low birthweight (LBW), low Apgar 5 and neonatal death. We used the Cox model to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% CI and applied the inverse probability of treatment weights to generate adjusted HRs.

Results
We found no significant increase in the risk of PTB (HR: 0.98; 95% CI 0.88, 1.10), SGA (HR: 1.09; 95% CI 0.96, 1.27), LBW (HR: 1.00; 95% CI 0.88, 1.14), low Apgar 5 (HR: 0.81; 95% CI 0.55, 1.22) or neonatal death (HR: 0.88; 95% CI 0.56, 1.48) in women vaccinated with CoronaVac or BNT162b2 vaccines. These findings were consistent across sub-analyses stratified by the gestational trimester of the first dose and the number of doses given during pregnancy. We found mild yet consistent protection against PTB in women who received different vaccine platforms during the third trimester of pregnancy (any vaccines, HR: 0.78; 95% CI 0.63, 0.98; BNT162b2, HR: 0.75; 95% CI 0.59, 0.99).

Conclusions
This study provides evidence that COVID-19 vaccination in all trimesters of pregnancy, irrespective of the vaccine type, is safe and does not increase the risk of adverse birth outcomes or neonatal deaths.
Minimax optimal regression over Sobolev spaces via Laplacian Eigenmaps on neighbourhood graphs
Authors: Green Alden , Balakrishnan Sivaraman , Tibshirani Ryan J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we study the statistical properties of Principal Components Regression with Laplacian Eigenmaps (PCR-LE), a method for non-parametric regression based on Laplacian Eigenmaps (LE). PCR-LE works by projecting a vector of observed responses ${\textbf Y} = (Y_1,\ldots ,Y_n)$ onto a subspace spanned by certain eigenvectors of a neighbourhood graph Laplacian. We show that PCR-LE achieves minimax rates of convergence for random design regression over Sobolev spaces. Under sufficient smoothness conditions on the design density $p$, PCR-LE achieves the optimal rates for both estimation (where the optimal rate in squared $L^2$ norm is known to be $n^{-2s/(2s + d)}$) and goodness-of-fit testing ($n^{-4s/(4s + d)}$). We also consider the situation where the design is supported on a manifold of small intrinsic dimension $m$, and give upper bounds establishing that PCR-LE achieves the faster minimax estimation ($n^{-2s/(2s + m)}$) and testing ($n^{-4s/(4s + m)}$) rates of convergence. Interestingly, these rates are almost always much faster than the known rates of convergence of graph Laplacian eigenvectors to their population-level limits; in other words, for this problem regression with estimated features appears to be much easier, statistically speaking, than estimating the features itself. We support these theoretical results with empirical evidence.
A replication and extension of the Personal Social Media Ecosystem Framework
Authors: Carter Michael C , Cingel Drew P , Vigil Samantha L , Ruiz Jeanette B 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The recently forwarded Personal Social Media Ecosystem Framework (PSMEF) allows researchers to study social media in terms of generalized types of user interfaces. This study formally extended the PSMEF via the Digital User Interface Model and replicated previous work by evidencing the existence of new (e.g., Overtly Algorithmic Content Pages) and validating previously identified types of user interfaces (e.g., Home Pages and Chats/Messages) that make up individuals’ personal social media environments. Using topic modeling (i.e., Latent Dirichlet Allocation) and a novel mixed methods approach (i.e., schematic semantic network analysis), we quantitatively evidenced four distinct classes of user interfaces based on open-ended descriptions that participants provided for six popular social media platforms (i.e., Instagram, Snapchat, Facebook, Twitter, TikTok, and YouTube). Results inform on the qualitative differences between distinct user interface classes that underwrite users’ experiences over social media, with implications for conceptualization and operationalization related to social media use.
International Law Rejects Immunity for International Crimes — Full Stop
Authors: Eboe-Osuji Chile 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
As far back as 1994, Sir Arthur Watts QC, a pre-eminent international jurist of his time, put the matter of head of state immunity for international crimes in these unequivocal terms: ‘It can no longer be doubted that as a matter of general customary international law a Head of State will personally be liable to be called to account if there is sufficient evidence that he authorized or perpetrated such serious international crimes.’ Most senior jurists of Watt’s ilk who opined on the matter came to a similar conclusion. Yet, some concerning recent academic commentary wrongly suggests that there remains doubt around the question. For example, the Advisory Committee on Public International Law (CAVV), an academic thinktank that advises the Dutch government, suggested in its report on the accountability of President Putin that ‘in international legal practice, there is no clear-cut answer to the question of whether there is an exception to functional immunity for international crimes, including the crime of aggression’. This article uses the CAVV recommendation as a case study in certain mistakes and confusions that have long plagued the discourse on the immunity of state officials, especially heads of state, accused or suspected of international crimes.
Acute abdomen in third trimester of pregnancy—a rare case of perforated Meckel’s diverticulitis
Authors: Turco Jennifer , Khalil Ihab , Theophilus Mary 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Acute abdomen in pregnancy presents many diagnostic challenges. Non-specific symptoms, anatomical and physiological changes and diagnostic imaging limitations lead to diagnostic uncertainty and delayed diagnosis and treatment. Meckel’s diverticulitis in pregnancy is extremely rare with only 27 cases reported in literature, only 11 of which are found to be perforated intraoperatively. We present a rare case of a patient in third trimester of pregnancy with perforated Meckel’s diverticulitis.
Transverse colon and omental incarceration in femoral hernia: a case report
Authors: Bayissa Badhaasaa Beyene , Borena Ayantu Mekonnon 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A femoral hernia is one of the groin hernias with a high chance of incarceration and strangulation due to its narrow neck. Here, we report a case of transverse colon incarceration. A 65-year-old female patient presented with groin mass that failed to reduce and a dragging pain. Elective open femoral herniorrhaphy was done with the finding of viable incarcerated massive momentum along with transverse colon. Femoral hernias have a female-to-male ratio of about 10:1. Postmenopausal, increasing age, and constipation were some of the risk factors identified in our patient. Various types of organs can be found in the femoral hernia sac but one of the rarely reported organ was found in our case: a transverse colon. Femoral hernia with a large bulky soft mass can get incarcerated easily but relatively less prone to strangulation.
Surgical management of primary gastric Ewing-like sarcoma at the lesser curvature
Authors: Chin Xinlin , Cooper Scott , Martin Priscilla 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We report the case of a 65-year-old female who presented with a 6-month history of epigastric pain and dyspepsia. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis showed an enhancing nodular lesion and an indeterminate 4 mm lymph node on the lesser curvature of the stomach raising concerns for gastric malignancy. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a 10 cm malignant appearing lesion along the gastric lesser curvature. Histopathology demonstrated spindled and small round blue cell tumor with immunohistochemistry staining consistent with Ewing-like sarcoma. After multidisciplinary team discussion the patient was arranged for neoadjuvant chemotherapy with early re-imaging, followed by consideration of gastrectomy. This case highlights the unusual diagnosis of primary gastric Ewing-like sarcoma and the management of this rare condition.
The clinical diagnosis and treatment of the shoulder terrible tetrad: a case report and literature review
Authors: Du Weibin , Mo Yafeng , Dong Yi , He Chun , Zhou Fengzhen , Zhu Fangbing 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder is often associated with anterior glenoid fracture or bankart injury. It can also be associated with rotator cuff injury, humeral greater tuberosity fracture, or brachial plexus injury. However, there are few clinical reports of all the above-mentioned injuries at the same time. We report a case of the left “Shoulder terrible tetrad.” After closed reduction of the left shoulder dislocation, we performed one-stage arthroscopic massive rotator cuff repair (Chinese-Way technique) and anchor repair of the bony bankart injury. After 2 years follow-up, the left shoulder function recovered well and the range of motion was satisfactory. A detailed physical examination and electromyography (EMG) examination should be performed in time to avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis, when the clinical manifestation of brachial plexus nerve injury appears after shoulder dislocation. The repairable rotator cuffs tears and bankart injuries can be repaired under shoulder arthroscopy in one stage.
A rare variant of mirror hand deformity
Authors: Alwatari Mohammed , Araji Zakaryiah , Khalaf Ahmed , Alghannami Mohammed , Naeem Mohammed 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Congenital hand and forearm anomalies pose a unique challenge in plastic and pediatric surgery. We present a case report of an 8-months-old girl with a congenital left sided hand and forearm anomaly, provisionally diagnosed as atypical left mirror hand anomaly. Classically there is absence of radius and duplication of ulna; however, our case had normal radius and ulna and a hand with seven digits arranged in two groups. We did a surgery which involved a ray amputation of the finger ulnar to the most radial digit, aiming to preserve an adequate first web space to reconstruct the thumb. The result of the surgical treatment in both functional and cosmetic aspects was, in authors’ opinion, good.
A systematic review protocol of recent surgical approaches to pediatric thalamic tumors
Authors: Ayantayo Temitayo , Chukwu Michael Eze , Mustapha Mubarak Jolayemi , Haider Muhammad Ammar , Farooqi Mobeen , Owho-Ovuakporie Fegor , Odekpe Ugochukwu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Thalamic tumors are relatively rare deep-seated lesions located in an eloquent region of the brain. They are commoner in the pediatric population and surgery is usually challenging with associated significant morbidity. Recent improvements in therapeutic approaches and surgical techniques have allowed a more accurate approach to these lesions and a reduction in morbidity and mortality. This protocol seeks to serve as an exhaustive review of literature to determine recent surgical approaches in the management of pediatric thalamic tumors. This study protocol seeks to guide the comprehensive review of literature describing surgical approaches to pediatric thalamic tumors and it follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guideline 2020. Three databases were determined to be primary sources of information: PubMed, Google Scholar and SCOPUS. All observational and human randomized controlled studies describing surgical management of thalamic tumors in the pediatric population will be included. Excluded studies include non-human randomized control trials, abstract only articles, letters to the editor, conference proceedings and single subject case reports. Our outcomes tumor characteristics, types of surgical intervention, surgical complications, recurrence rate and overall and progression-free survival. This study aims to describe various surgical approaches in the management of pediatric thalamic tumors and compare the outcomes in these patients.
Othering in Everyday Life: Anti-Chinese Bias in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kim Eunji , Kam Cindy 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Societal upheavals often ignite bias against “the other.” The early political rhetoric around the COVID-19 pandemic keenly engaged this othering process, even from its early nomenclature as the “Wuhan” and “China” virus. Although media accounts of xenophobic violence against Asian Americans abound, little behavioral evidence exists that identifies the prevalence and scope of anti-Chinese bias during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examine whether and to what extent traces of such othering systematically emerge in Americans’ everyday behaviors. Specifically, we analyze a novel dataset focused on Yelp reviews for Chinese and American restaurants in eight large metropolitan areas. Using difference-in-differences estimation, we find that Chinese restaurants received significantly lower ratings compared with American restaurants shortly after the start of the pandemic. The effect is localized to Chinese restaurants, rather than to all Asian restaurants. Our results highlight the emergence of anti-Chinese prejudice in an ostensibly apolitical setting.