bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between human serum albumin and in-hospital mortality in critical care patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ling Ma , Huiyin Li , Shanglin Chen , Haiming Li , Zhanyi Di , Shuchun Wang , Meng Bai , Murong Lu 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundThe relationship between human serum albumin levels and the prognosis of critical care patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains controversial.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between serum albumin levels and in-hospital mortality in critical care patients with COPD. METHODS: This study used a retrospective observational cohort from the Medical Information in Intensive Care database (MIMIC-IV) in the United States. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between serum albumin levels and in-hospital mortality. A restricted cubic spline line was also used to explore nonlinear relationship.ResultsA total of 3,398 critical care patients with COPD were included. The overall in-hospital mortality was 12.4%. We found a negative relationship between human serum albumin and in-hospital mortality (HR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.96–0.99, p = 0.002).ConclusionIn critical care patients with COPD, there was a negative association between human serum albumin and in-hospital mortality.
Association of type 2 diabetes mellitus with lung cancer in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Kim Nam Eun , Kang Eun-Hwa , Ha Eunhee , Lee Ji-Young , Lee Jin Hwa 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundPatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have an increased risk of developing lung cancer. Some studies have also suggested that diabetes mellitus (DM) may increase the risk of developing lung cancer. This study aimed to investigate whether type 2 DM (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in patients with COPD.Materials and methodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis on two cohorts: the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) of Korea and the Common Data Model (CDM) database of a university hospital. Among patients newly diagnosed with COPD in each cohort, those with a lung cancer diagnosis were included, and a control group was selected through propensity score matching. We used the Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard models to compare lung cancer incidence between patients with COPD and T2DM and those without T2DM.ResultsIn the NHIS-NSC and CDM cohorts, we enrolled 3,474 and 858 patients with COPD, respectively. In both cohorts, T2DM was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer [NHIS-NSC: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.41; and CDM: aHR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.02–2.07). Furthermore, in the NHIS-NSC, among patients with COPD and T2DM, the risk of lung cancer was higher in current smokers than in never-smokers (aHR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.09–1.91); in smokers with ≥30 pack-years than in never-smokers (aHR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.49–2.25); and in rural residents than in metropolitan residents (aHR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.06–1.68).ConclusionOur findings suggest that patients with COPD and T2DM may have an increased risk of developing lung cancer compared to those without T2DM.
The accuracy of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Jinjin , Chen Xinqing , Wang Xiaoyan , Liang Jiaojiao , Guo Liyan , Su Yan , Hao Ling , Ren Changjun 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundNeonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in newborns. However, atypical clinical manifestations and symptoms make the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis a challenge. Relatively high-serum soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) has been implicated as a diagnostic biomarker for adult sepsis. Therefore, the meta-analysis is intended to explore the diagnostic value of suPAR for neonatal sepsis.MethodsThe PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biological Medicine Disk, and Wanfang databases were retrieved from inception to 31 December 2022 to collect diagnostic accuracy studies about suPAR for neonatal sepsis. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies using the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Then, a meta-analysis was performed using Stata 15.0 software.ResultsA total of six articles involving eight studies were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.89 [95%CI (0.83–0.93)], 0.94 [95%CI (0.77–0.98)], 14 [95%CI (3.5–55.2)], 0.12 [95%CI (0.08–0.18)], and 117 [95%CI (24–567)], respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curves was 0.92 [95%CI (0.90–0.94)]. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of the results, and publication bias was not observed. Fagan’s nomogram results demonstrated the clinical availability of the findings.ConclusionCurrent evidence suggests that suPAR has potential diagnostic value for neonatal sepsis. Owing to the limited quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
Fatty acid metabolites of Dendrobium nobile were positively correlated with representative endophytic fungi at altitude
Authors: Zhao Yongxia , Qin Lin , Tan Daopeng , Wu Di , Wu Xingdong , Fan Qingjie , Bai Chaojun , Yang Jiyong , Xie Jian , He Yuqi 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionAltitude, as a comprehensive ecological factor, regulates the growth and development of plants and microbial distribution. Dendrobium nobile (D. nobile) planted in habitats at different elevations in Chishui city, also shows metabolic differences and endophytes diversity. What is the triangular relationship between altitude, endophytes, and metabolites?MethodsIn this study, the diversity and species of endophytic fungi were tested by ITS sequencing and metabolic differences in plants were tested by UPLC–ESI–MS/MS. Elevation regulated the colonization of plant endophytic fungal species and fatty acid metabolites in D. nobile.ResultsThe results indicate that and high altitude was better for the accumulation of fatty acid metabolites. Therefore, the high-altitude characteristic endophytic floras were screened, and the correlation with fatty acid metabolites of plants was built. The colonization of T. rubrigenum, P. Incertae sedis unclassified, Phoma. cf. nebulosa JZG 2008 and Basidiomycota unclassified showed a significantly positive correlation with fatty acid metabolites, especially 18-carbon-chain fatty acids, such as (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadeca-6,9,12-trienoic acid, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-12-oxohexadeca-2,4-dienoic acid and Octadec-9-en-12-ynoic acid. What is more fascinating is these fatty acids are the essential substrates of plant hormones.DiscussionConsequently, it was speculated that the D. nobile- colonizing endophytic fungi stimulated or upregulated the synthesis of fatty acid metabolites and even some plant hormones, thus affecting the metabolism and development of D. nobile.
Effects from supplementary feeding of bamboo powder in perinatal period on farrowing process, serum biochemical indexes, and fecal microbes of sows and offspring piglets
Authors: Dai Fawen , Lin Tao , Huang Xia , Shi Xiaolin , Yang Yaojun , Nong Xiang , Zuo Jianjun , Liu Hui 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionThis study was conducted to explore the effects of supplementary feeding of bamboo powder on the physical parameters of sows during the perinatal period of 7 days ± in parturition, including farrow duration, serum biochemical indexes, fecal physicochemical indexes, and microbial flora.MethodsThirty pregnant sows were randomly divided into three groups: the control group was fed a basal diet, TRE1 group and TRE2 group were fed a basal diet supplemented with 30 g d−1 and 60 g d−1 bamboo powder, respectively. Multiple parameters of sows and offspring piglets were determined.ResultsThe contents of serum total cholesterol and triglyceride of sows in TRE2 group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The contents of serum malondialdehyde of sows in TRE2 and TRE1 groups were significantly lower than that in control group. The water content of sow feces in TRE2 group was significantly higher than that in control group, and the pH values of sows in TRE2 and TRE1 groups were significantly higher than that in control group. The richness index (Chao) of sow fecal bacterial community in TRE2 group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the Ace and Sobs indexes tended to be lower than those of the control group. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota in the feces of sows in TRE2 group was significantly lower than that of the control group, while that of Fusobacteriota in the feces of suckling piglets in TRE2 group tended to be lower than that of the control group. At the genus level, among the Top10 dominant bacteria, the relative abundance of Tissierella in the feces of sows in TRE2 group was significantly lower than that of the control group while that of Fusobacterium in the feces of suckling piglets in TRE2 group tended to be lower than that of the control group. The relative abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Terrisporobacter, Turicibacter, and Tissierella in the feces of sows in TRE2 group was significantly lower than that of TRE1 group (p &lt; 0.05), while Lactobacillus tended to be higher than that of TRE1 group (p &lt; 0.10).DiscussionThe results suggested that supplementary feeding 60 g d−1 bamboo powder could increase the water content in the feces of sows, reduce the oxidative damage, and tend to reduce the relative abundance of opportunistic pathogenic Fusobacterium for suckling piglets, while it reduced the fecal microbial diversity of sows.
Transradial access with intra-aortic catheter looping for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Xu Gang-Qin , Ba Yue-Yang , Cai Dong-Yang , Yang Bo-Wen , Zhao Tong-Yuan , Xue Jiang-Yu , Li Tian-Xiao , Gao Bu-Lang 
Published: April 2023

PurposeThe study aimed to investigate the feasibility and effect of transradial access with intra-aortic catheter looping for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms.Materials and methodsThis retrospective one-center study was performed on patients with intracranial aneurysms which were embolized through transradial access with intra-aortic catheter looping because of the difficulty of transfemoral access or transradial access without intra-aortic catheter looping. The imaging and clinical data were analyzed.ResultsA total of 11 patients were enrolled, including seven (63.6%) male patients. Most patients were associated with one or two risk factors of atherosclerosis. There were nine aneurysms in the left internal carotid artery system and two aneurysms in the right internal carotid artery system. All 11 patients had complications with different anatomic variations or vascular diseases, which made endovascular operation via the transfemoral artery difficult or a failure. The right transradial artery approach was adopted in all patients, and the success rate of intra-aortic catheter looping was 100%. Embolization of intracranial aneurysms was successfully completed in all patients. No instability of the guide catheter was encountered. No puncture site complications or surgical-related neurological complications occurred.ConclusionTransradial access with intra-aortic catheter looping for embolization of intracranial aneurysms is technically feasible, safe, and efficient as an important supplementary approach to the routine transfemoral access or transradial access without intra-aortic catheter looping.
Tau-PET imaging in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Junjiao , Jin Jianing , Su Dongning , Feng Tao , Zhao Huiqing 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundPathological tau accumulates in the cerebral cortex of Parkinson's disease (PD), resulting in cognitive deterioration. Positron emission tomography (PET) can be used for in vivo imaging of tau protein. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of tau protein burden in PD cognitive impairment (PDCI), PD dementia (PDD), and other neurodegenerative diseases and explored the potential of the tau PET tracer as a biomarker for the diagnosis of PDCI.MethodsPubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies published till 1 June 2022 that used PET imaging to detect tau burden in the brains of PD patients. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) of tau tracer uptake were calculated using random effects models. Subgroup analysis based on the type of tau tracers, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis was conducted.ResultsA total of 15 eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. PDCI patients (n = 109) had a significantly higher tau tracer uptake in the inferior temporal lobe than healthy controls (HCs) (n = 237) and had a higher tau tracer uptake in the entorhinal region than PD with normal cognition (PDNC) patients (n = 61). Compared with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients (n = 215), PD patients (n = 178) had decreased tau tracer uptake in the midbrain, subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus, cerebellar deep white matter, thalamus, striatum, substantia nigra, dentate nucleus, red nucleus, putamen, and frontal lobe. Tau tracer uptake values of PD patients (n = 178) were lower than those of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 122) in the frontal lobe and occipital lobe and lower than those in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) (n = 55) in the occipital lobe and infratemporal lobe.ConclusionIn vivo imaging studies with PET could reveal region-specific binding patterns of the tau tracer in PD patients and help in the differential diagnosis of PD from other neurodegenerative diseases.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/.
Analysis of the efficacy and safety of inpatient and outpatient initiation of KD for the treatment of pediatric refractory epilepsy using generalized estimating equations
Authors: Li Wei , Hao Xiaoyan , Gu Wei , Liang Chao , Tu Fulai , Ding Le , Lu Xiaopeng , Liao Jianxiang , Guo Hu , Zheng Guo , Wu Chunfeng 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of inpatient and outpatient initiation ketogenic diet (KD) protocol of pediatric refractory epilepsy.MethodsEligible children with refractory epilepsy were randomly assigned to receive KD with inpatient and outpatient initiation. The generalized estimation equation (GEE) model was used to analyze the longitudinal variables of seizure reduction, ketone body, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and BMI Z-score at different follow-up times between the two groups.ResultsBetween January 2013 and December 2021, 78 and 112 patients were assigned to outpatient and inpatient KD initiation groups, respectively. There were no statistical differences between the two groups based on baseline demographics and clinical characteristics (all Ps &gt; 0.05). The GEE model indicated that the rate of reduction of seizures≥50% in the outpatient initiation group was higher than that of the inpatient initiation group (p = 0.049). A negative correlation was observed between the seizure reduction and blood ketone body at 1, 6, and 12 months (all Ps &lt; 0.05). There were no significant differences in height, weight, BMI, and BMI Z-score between the two groups over the 12-month period by the GEE models (all Ps &gt; 0.05). Adverse events were reported by 31 patients (43.05%) in the outpatient KD initiation group and 46 patients (42.20%) in the inpatient KD initiation group, but these differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.909).ConclusionOur study shows that outpatient KD initiation is a safe and effective treatment for children with refractory epilepsy.
Molecular characterization of sub-frontal recurrent medulloblastomas reveals potential clinical relevance
Authors: Chen Zirong , Yang Huaitao , Wang Jiajia , Long Guoxian , Xi Qingsong , Chen Tao , He Yue , Zhang Bin , Wan Feng 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundSingle recurrence in the sub-frontal region after cerebellar medulloblastoma (MB) resection is rare and the underlying molecular characteristics have not been specifically addressed.MethodsWe summarized two such cases in our center. All five samples were molecularly profiled for their genome and transcriptome signatures.ResultsThe recurrent tumors displayed genomic and transcriptomic divergence. Pathway analysis of recurrent tumors showed functional convergence in metabolism, cancer, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. Notably, the sub-frontal recurrent tumors had a much higher proportion (50–86%) of acquired driver mutations than that reported in other recurrent locations. The acquired putative driver genes in the sub-frontal recurrent tumors functionally enriched for chromatin remodeler-associated genes, such as KDM6B, SPEN, CHD4, and CHD7. Furthermore, the germline mutations of our cases showed a significant functional convergence in focal adhesion, cell adhesion molecules, and ECM–receptor interaction. Evolutionary analysis showed that the recurrence could be derived from a single primary tumor lineage or had an intermediate phylogenetic similarity to the matched primary one.ConclusionRare single sub-frontal recurrent MBs presented specific mutation signatures that might be related to the under-dose radiation. Particular attention should be paid to optimally covering the sub-frontal cribriform plate during postoperative radiotherapy targeting.
Effects of esketamine on postoperative rebound pain in patients undergoing unilateral total knee arthroplasty: a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial protocol
Authors: Zhu Youzhuang , Li Qun , Liu Guilin , Sheng Fang , Zhang Xiaotian , Jiang Lili , Li Shaona , He Jianshuai , Zou Zhijin , Zhang Baobo , Wang Changyao , Jiang Xin , Zhao Yang 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionRebound pain, transient and acute postoperative pain after the disappearance of regional block anesthesia, has been a concern in recent years. Insufficient preemptive analgesia and hyperalgesia induced by regional block are the main mechanisms. At present, the evidence for the treatment of rebound pain is limited. The esketamine, as an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, has been proven to prevent hyperalgesia. Therefore, this trial aims to evaluate the impact of esketamine on postoperative rebound pain in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.Methods/designThis study is a single-center, prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Participants who plan to undergo total knee arthroplasty will be randomly assigned to the esketamine group (N = 178) and placebo group (N = 178) in a ratio of 1:1. This trial aims to evaluate the impact of esketamine on postoperative rebound pain in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. The primary outcome of this trial is the incidence of rebound pain within 12 h after the operation in the esketamine group and the placebo group. The secondary outcome will be to compare (1) the incidence of rebound pain 24 h after the operation; (2) the time to enter the pain cycle for the first time within 24 h after the procedure; (3) the first time of rebound pain occurred within 24 h after surgery; (4) the modified rebound pain score; (5) NRS score under rest and exercise at different time points; (6) the cumulative opioid consumption at different time points; (7) patient’s prognosis and knee joint function evaluation; (8) blood glucose and cortisol concentration; (9) patient’s satisfaction score; (10) adverse reactions and adverse events.DiscussionThe effect of ketamine on preventing postoperative rebound pain is contradictory and uncertain. The affinity of esketamine to the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor is about four times higher than levo-ketamine, the analgesic effect is 3 times higher than levo-ketamine, and there are fewer adverse mental reactions. To our knowledge, there is no randomized controlled trial to verify the impact of esketamine on postoperative rebound pain in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Therefore, this trial is expected to fill an important gap in relevant fields and provide novel evidence for individualized pain management.Clinical Trial Registrationhttp://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2300069044.
Machine learning for the prediction of cognitive impairment in older adults
Authors: Li Wanyue , Zeng Li , Yuan Shiqi , Shang Yaru , Zhuang Weisheng , Chen Zhuoming , Lyu Jun 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to develop and validate a predictive model of cognitive impairment in older adults based on a novel machine learning (ML) algorithm.MethodsThe complete data of 2,226 participants aged 60–80 years were extracted from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. Cognitive abilities were assessed using a composite cognitive functioning score (Z-score) calculated using a correlation test among the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Word Learning and Delayed Recall tests, Animal Fluency Test, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Thirteen demographic characteristics and risk factors associated with cognitive impairment were considered: age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), drink, smoke, direct HDL-cholesterol level, stroke history, dietary inflammatory index (DII), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score, sleep duration, and albumin level. Feature selection is performed using the Boruta algorithm. Model building is performed using ten-fold cross-validation, machine learning (ML) algorithms such as generalized linear model (GLM), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), and stochastic gradient boosting (SGB). The performance of these models was evaluated in terms of discriminatory power and clinical application.ResultsThe study ultimately included 2,226 older adults for analysis, of whom 384 (17.25%) had cognitive impairment. After random assignment, 1,559 and 667 older adults were included in the training and test sets, respectively. A total of 10 variables such as age, race, BMI, direct HDL-cholesterol level, stroke history, DII, HbA1c, PHQ-9 score, sleep duration, and albumin level were selected to construct the model. GLM, RF, SVM, ANN, and SGB were established to obtain the area under the working characteristic curve of the test set subjects 0.779, 0.754, 0.726, 0.776, and 0.754. Among all models, the GLM model had the best predictive performance in terms of discriminatory power and clinical application.ConclusionsML models can be a reliable tool to predict the occurrence of cognitive impairment in older adults. This study used machine learning methods to develop and validate a well performing risk prediction model for the development of cognitive impairment in the elderly.