bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns and drivers of anaerobic nitrogen transformations in sediments of thermokarst lakes
Authors: Mao Chao , Song Yutong , Peng Yunfeng , Kang Luyao , Li Ziliang , Zhou Wei , Liu Xuning , Liu Futing , Zhu Guibing , Yang Yuanhe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSignificant attention has been given to the way in which the soil nitrogen (N) cycle responds to permafrost thaw in recent years, yet little is known about anaerobic N transformations in thermokarst lakes, which account for more than one‐third of thermokarst landforms across permafrost regions. Based on the N isotope dilution and tracing technique, combined with qPCR and high‐throughput sequencing, we presented large‐scale measurements of anaerobic N transformations of sediments across 30 thermokarst lakes over the Tibetan alpine permafrost region. Our results showed that gross N mineralization, ammonium immobilization, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction rates in thermokarst lakes were higher in the eastern part of our study area than in the west. Denitrification dominated in the dissimilatory nitrate reduction processes, being two and one orders of magnitude higher than anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), respectively. The abundances of the dissimilatory nitrate reduction genes (nirK, nirS, hzsB, and nrfA) exhibited patterns consistent with sediment N transformation rates, while α diversity did not. The inter‐lake variability in gross N mineralization and ammonium immobilization was dominantly driven by microbial biomass, while the variability in anammox and DNRA was driven by substrate supply and organic carbon content, respectively. Denitrification was jointly affected by nirS abundance and organic carbon content. Overall, the patterns and drivers of anaerobic N transformation rates detected in this study provide a new perspective on potential N release, retention, and removal upon the formation and development of thermokarst lakes.
Individualized diagnosis and eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection based on gene detection of clarithromycin resistance in stool specimens: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ren Xinlu , Shi Yanyan , Suo Baojun , Yao Xingyu , Lu Haoping , Li Cailing , Zhang Yuxin , Zhou Liya , Tian Xueli , Song Zhiqiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundEmpiric therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection results in significantly increased antibiotic resistance and decreased eradication efficacy. The genotypic testing of clarithromycin resistance from stool specimens is a promising method for individualized diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to determine the status of research and application on this method through a systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsPubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and WAN FANG database were searched for relevant literature. The quality of included diagnostic articles was evaluated using the quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2 tool. A bivariate random‐effect model was conducted to calculate the diagnostic accuracy of genotypic testing of clarithromycin resistance.ResultsA total of 16 diagnostic‐related were included and analyzed after exclusions. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic meta‐analysis were 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90–0.96) and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.93–1.00), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95–0.98). The genotypic testing in stool samples had heterogeneous sensitivity (Q = 37.82, p < .01, I2 = 37.82) and specificity (Q = 60.34, p < .01, I2 = 93.72) in detecting clarithromycin resistance. Purification method, stool sample weight, real‐time PCR, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing as reference accounted for the heterogeneity of pooled sensitivity, while patient age, purification method, stool sample weight, and real‐time PCR for the heterogeneity of pooled specificity.ConclusionThe genotypic testing of clarithromycin resistance from stool specimens is an accurate, convenient, noninvasive, and rapid detection technology, providing a definitive diagnosis of clarithromycin resistance and guiding the rational antibiotic selection.
Ultra‐broadband and thermally stable NIR emission in Bi‐doped glasses and fibers enabled by a metal reduction strategy
Authors: Chen Weiwei , Wang Yafei , Zhang Jing , Qiu Baotian , Qiu Jianrong , Dong Guoping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBismuth (Bi)‐doped glasses with broadband near‐infrared (NIR) emission have been drawing increasing interest due to their potential applications in tunable fiber lasers and broadband optical amplifiers. Yet, the implementation of highly efficient and ultra‐broadband Bi NIR emission covering the whole telecommunication window remains a daunting challenge. Here, via a metal reduction strategy to simultaneously create a chemically reductive environment during glass melting and enhance the local network rigidity, a super broadband (FWHM ≈ 600 nm) NIR emission covering the entire telecommunications window with greatly enhanced intensity was achieved in Bi‐doped germanate glasses. More importantly, due to the excellent thermal stability, the super broadband Bi NIR emission can be well retained after the glass was drawn into an optical fiber. Furthermore, the transmission loss of 0.066 dB/cm at 1310 nm and an obvious broadband amplified spontaneous emission spectrum spanning a range of 1000–1600 nm were observed in this fiber. This work can strengthen our comprehension of the complicated Bi NIR luminescence behaviors and offer a feasible and universal way to fabricate tunable fiber lasers and broadband optical amplifiers based on Bi‐doped multicomponent glasses.
Exosomal microRNAs from PBMCs stimulated with culprit drugs enhanced keratinocyte cell death in Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Suthumchai Nithikan , Buranapraditkun Supranee , Thantiworasit Pattarawat , Rerknimitr Pawinee , Wongpiyabovorn Jongkonnee , Khanaraksombat Suparada , Reantragoon Rangsima , Klaewsongkram Jettanong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundStevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) and drug reactions with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) are both severe cutaneous adverse reactions. Keratinocyte death is much more prominent in SJS/TEN compared to DRESS.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the role of exosomal miRNAs on keratinocyte death in SJS/TEN.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SJS/TEN and DRESS patients were stimulated with the culprit drugs. The exosomes released in cell supernatants were co‐incubated with HaCaT cells to study the cytotoxic effects on keratinocytes. Exosomal miRNA sequencing analysis was performed to compare the expression patterns between SJS/TEN and DRESS subjects. HaCaT cells were then transfected with miRNA mimics and inhibitors to explore the functions of miRNAs on keratinocyte cell death.ResultsCytotoxic effects of PBMC‐derived exosomes on keratinocytes were demonstrated in SJS/TEN and could be neutralized with exosome inhibitors. Cytotoxic effects of PBMC‐derived exosomes from SJS/TEN subjects were higher after incubating PBMCs with the culprit drugs than those incubating with irrelevant drugs and unstimulated controls. The sequencing data revealed differential expressions of 61 exosomal miRNAs between SJS/TEN and DRESS. Exosomal miR‐4488 was upregulated while miR‐486‐5p, miR‐96‐5p and miR‐132‐3p were downregulated in SJS/TEN compared to DRESS as determined by quantitative real‐time PCR. The increased percentage of apoptotic cells upon transfection of HaCat cells was 36.3% and 34.9% with miR‐4488 mimic and miR‐96‐5p inhibitor, respectively.ConclusionThis study illustrated the regulatory functions of exosomal miRNAs in controlling keratinocyte death in SJS/TEN. Exosome inhibitors might have a therapeutic role in SJS/TEN.
Care patterns and predictors of community residence among older patients after hospital discharge for traumatic brain injury
Authors: Pappadis Monique R. , Malagaris Ioannis , Kuo Yong‐Fang , Leland Natalie , Freburger Janet , Goodwin James S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAn increasing number of older adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) require hospitalization, but it is unknown whether they return to their community following discharge. We examined community residence following acute hospital discharge for TBI in Texas and identified factors associated with 90‐day community residence and readmission.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using 100% Texas Medicare claims data of patients older than 65 years hospitalized for a TBI from January 1, 2014, through December 31, 2017, and followed for 20 weeks after discharge. Discharges to short‐term and long‐term acute hospital, inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF), skilled nursing facility (SNF), long‐term nursing home (NH), and hospice were identified. The primary outcome was 90‐day community residence. Our secondary outcome was 90‐day, all‐cause readmission.ResultsIn Texas, 26,985 Medicare fee‐for‐service patients were hospitalized for TBI (Racial and ethnic minorities: 21.1%; Females 57.3%). At 90 days and 20 weeks following discharge, 80% and 84% were living in the community respectively. Female sex (OR = 1.16 [1.08–1.25]), Hispanic ethnicity (OR = 2.01 [1.80–2.25]), “other” race (OR = 2.19 [1.73–2.77]), and prior primary care provider (PCP; OR = 1.51 [1.40–1.62]) were associated with increased likelihood of 90‐day community residence. Patients aged 75+, prior NH residence, dual eligibility, prior TBI diagnosis, and moderate‐to‐severe injury severity were associated with decreased likelihood of 90‐day community residence. Being non‐Hispanic Black (HR = 1.33 [1.20–1.46]), discharge to SNF (HR = 1.56 [1.48–1.65]) or IRF (HR = 1.49 [1.40–1.59]), having prior PCP (HR = 1.23 [1.17–1.30]), dual eligibility (HR = 1.11 [1.04–1.18]), and prior TBI diagnosis (HR = 1.05 [1.01–1.10]) were associated with increased risk of 90‐day readmission. Female sex and “other” race were associated with decreased risk of 90‐day readmission.ConclusionsMost older adults with TBI return to the community following hospital discharge. Disparities exist in returning to the community and in risk of 90‐day readmission following hospital discharge. Future studies should explore how having a PCP influences post‐hospital outcomes in chronic care management of older patients with TBI.
Validity of the relative fat mass pediatric index (RFMp) for the analysis of body composition in physically active youths at different stages of biological maturation
Authors: de Almeida‐Neto Paulo Francisco , Cesário Tatianny de Macêdo , Fernandes da Costa Roberto , de Matos Dihogo Gama , Aidar Felipe J. , Dantas Paulo Moreira Silva , Cabral Breno Guilherme de Araújo Tinôco 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe paediatric relative fat mass (RFMp) index was valid for analysis of percent body fat (BF%). However, the validation did not consider biological maturation (BM) stages. The present study aimed to verify the validity of the RFMp index in the estimation of BF% in children and adolescents of both sexes at different stages of BM.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with a sample of 146 young (males: 64.5%. females: 35.5%. age: 13.0 ± 2.2 years) practising sports modalities. We tested the validity of four RFMp equations (1: for boys aged 8–14 years; 2: for girls aged 8–14 years; 3: for both sexes aged 8–14 years; and 4: for both sexes aged 15–19 years) to analyse BF% using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry as a reference method. BM was analysed by peak height velocity (PHV). Thus, we created subgroups by BM stage (pre‐PHV, circum‐PHV and post‐PHV).ResultsAnalyses of agreement between methods showed that only the RFMp‐3 equation was reliable to analyse BF% in subjects of both sexes aged 8–14 years at the circum‐PHV BM stage (proportion bias 95% confidence interval = −0.3 to 0.5, p = 0.7. concordance correlation coefficient = 0.3; validity = 0.9).ConclusionsThe RFMp equation developed for the paediatric population of both sexes aged 8–14 years was valid for predicting BF% in children and adolescents of both sexes at the Circum‐PHV stage of the BM.
Association between swallowing muscle mass and dysphagia in older adults: A case–control study
Authors: Umay Ebru , Akaltun Mazlum Serdar , Uz Cuma 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundSwallowing function is formed by the synergistic, coordinated, and complex movements of approximately 30 muscles. However, There is no study on which one(s) of these muscles can predict the possibility of dyspfagia.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a relation between dysphagia and ultrasonographic measurements of swallowing muscles mass, and to determine which muscle mass would predict the possibility of dysphagia.MethodsThis prospective and controlled study was performed on 87 older people (aged >65 years). Clinical (Eating assessment tool‐10 and The Gugging Swallowing Screen test), endoscopic, electrophysiological (dysphagia limit and swallowing intervals), and ultrasonographic (masseter [MM], genioglossus [GGM], geniohyoid [GHM], myohyoid [MH] and anterior digastric muscles [ADM]) evaluations were performed on all patients. The relationship between ultrasound measurements and demographic/swallowing characteristics and presence of dysphagia were investigated.ResultsThe muscle mass measurement which was associated with dysphagia was contracted masseter muscle. In terms of diagnostic performance, the sensitivity was the highest in GHM (92.3%) and the specificity was the highest in contracted MM thickness (90.3%). The probability of dysphagia increases from 54% to 80–89% with a decrease in contracted MM thickness, and the probability of dysphagia increased from 48% to 72% with a decrease in contracted GGM thickness. In addition, the highest AUC level was detected in contracted MM and contracted GGM muscles. Moreover, it was determined that the risk of dysphagia increased from 9.6 to 14.1 times with one unit decrease in muscle thickness in contracted MM muscles, and the risk of dysphagia increased 9.1 times with one unit decrease in contracted GGM muscles.ConclusionDecreased swallowing muscle mass in older adults are independent risk factors for dysphagia. Especially the decrease in the thickness of the contracted MM increases the possibility of dysphagia at high rate.
CXCL1 promoted the migration and invasion abilities of oral cancer cells and might serve as a promising marker of prognosis in tongue cancer
Authors: Zhang Shuning , Dong Yuqing , Zhao Shuangyuan , Bi Fei , Xuan Ming , Zhu Guiquan , Guo Weihua , Zhang Zhuang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundOral tongue squamous cell carcinoma tends to metastasize to cervical lymphatic nodes early which leads to a 50% drop of survival rate. CXCL1 could be secreted by LNMTca8113 cell induced lymphatic endothelial cells and promoted LNMTca8113 cell migration. The current study aimed to further explore the effect of CXCL1 on the proliferation and migration abilities of tongue cancer cells and the prognostic value of serum CXCL1 in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsCell proliferation and migration ability were analysed by CCK8 assays and transwell migration assays. Immunofluorescence technique was used to show cytoskeleton. GST pull‐down assay was applied to quantify the activation of GTPases. Blood samples of patients were collected and clinicopathological characteristics were analysed.ResultsCXCL1 could promote cancer cell proliferation in appropriate concentration by PI3K/AKT pathway. It also regulated the activation of Rho GTPases to mediate the rearrangements of cytoskeleton to promote tumour cell migration. Level of plasma CXCL1 could predict the possibility of early lymphatic metastasis and had a predictive value in progression‐free survival and overall survival.ConclusionsCXCL1 could promote oral cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and contributed theoretical knowledge for the target selection in molecular targeted therapy. Level of plasma CXCL1 might serve as a biomarker for prognosis in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients.
Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of orally administered acetaminophen (paracetamol) in adult horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia
Authors: Mercer Melissa A. , Davis Jennifer L. , McKenzie Harold C. , Messenger Kristen M. , Schaefer Emily , Council‐Troche R. McAlister , Werre Stephen R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAcetaminophen has been evaluated in horses for treatment of musculoskeletal pain but not as an antipyretic.ObjectivesTo determine the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of acetaminophen compared to placebo and flunixin meglumine in adult horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia.AnimalsEight university owned research horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia.MethodsRandomized placebo controlled crossover study. Horses were treated with acetaminophen (30 mg/kg PO; APAP), flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg, PO; FLU), and placebo (PO; PLAC) 2 hours after administration of LPS. Plasma APAP was analyzed via LC‐MS/MS. Serial CBC, lactate, serum amyloid A, heart rate and rectal temperature were evaluated. Serum IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, and TNF‐α were evaluated by an equine‐specific multiplex assay.ResultsMean maximum plasma APAP concentration was 13.97 ± 2.74 μg/mL within 0.6 ± 0.3 hour after administration. At 4 and 6 hours after treatment, both APAP (P = <.001,P = .03, respectively) and FLU (P = .0045 andP < .001, respectively) had a significantly greater decrease in rectal temperature compared to placebo. FLU caused greater heart rate reduction than APAP at 4 and 6 hours (P = .004 andP = .04), and PLAC at 4 hours (P = .05) after treatment.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in endotoxemic horses differ from those reported by previous studies in healthy horses. Acetaminophen is an option for antipyresis in clinical cases, particularly when administration of traditional NSAIDs is contraindicated.
Security in the Gulf: The View from Oman
Authors: Bahgat Gawdat 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFor a long time, analysts of the Middle East have justifiably focused their attention on Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, three Gulf states holding massive hydrocarbon deposits and financial resources. Their leaders are the main “movers and shakers” of regional affairs and enjoy tremendous influence on the international scene. Still, other Gulf states play significant roles in shaping the Middle East's economic and strategic landscape. Such is the case with Oman, which has been a major US ally in most regional crises and has played a crucial role in mediating Gulf conflicts. This article, based on several visits to the sultanate and interviews with senior officials, analyzes the domestic, regional, and international dynamics being navigated by Sultan Haitham bin Tarik, who succeeded Sultan Qaboos bin Said in January 2020. The argument is that the new Omani leader is likely to follow the domestic and foreign policies of his predecessor, with minor adjustments. Oman may witness major changes when Crown Prince Theyazin succeeds his father. For now, given the crucial role Muscat plays in mediating regional conflicts, the sultanate expects more attention from its counterparts in Washington.
A decoupled algorithm for cable parameter identification by frequency‐ratio‐offset
Authors: Sun Ceshi , Zheng Gang , Zhang Xiaodong , Cai Wenxiu , Gao Wenjun , Chen Peng , Zhou Xuekun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a frequency‐ratio‐offset (FRO)‐based parameter identification algorithm for real bridge cables. By introducing specific time and space scaling factors, the dynamic equation is fully nondimensionalized and reduced to a most concise form, independent of all distributed cable parameters. As a result, the frequency equation has only two variables, which can be easily solved to obtain the universal dimensionless frequency–length curve under specified boundary conditions. Based on these curves, a decoupled identification algorithm is constructed, using the newly defined FRO as a bridge to directly connect the dimensionless beam and its real‐world counterpart. The algorithm enables a simultaneous determination of any two of the three cable parameters using a pair of measured frequencies. Examples involving both laboratory tests and real‐life applications demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the algorithm. Based on a statistical analysis of the fitness of dozens of predicted and measured frequencies, a guideline for frequency selection is suggested, and the influence of measurement error on the identification results is discussed. The proposed algorithm could become a convenient tool for engineers to efficiently identify multiple parameters (e.g., tension and bending stiffness) for a broad class of bridge cables.
Conserved domains can be found across distinct phage defence systems
Authors: Mariano Giuseppina , Blower Tim R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBacteria are continuously exposed to predation from bacteriophages (phages) and, in response, have evolved a broad range of defence systems. These systems can prevent the replication of phages and other mobile genetic elements (MGE). Defence systems are often encoded together in genomic loci defined as “defence islands”, a tendency that has been extensively exploited to identify novel antiphage systems. In the last few years, >100 new antiphage systems have been discovered, and some display homology to components of the immune systems of plants and animals. In many instances, prediction tools have found domains with similar predicted functions present as different combinations within distinct antiphage systems. In this Perspective Article, we review recent reports describing the discovery and the predicted domain composition of several novel antiphage systems. We discuss several examples of similar protein domains adopted by different antiphage systems, including domains of unknown function (DUFs), domains involved in nucleic acid recognition and degradation, and domains involved in NAD+ depletion. We further discuss the potential evolutionary advantages that could have driven the independent acquisition of these domains by different antiphage systems.
The Spirit of Modernity and its Fate
Authors: Bergem Ragnar M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article presents an interpretation of the rise of theological genealogies as a response to the sense in modern theology that modernity is afate. It suggests that theologians began to write genealogies to ease this sense that modernity is an inescapable condition. While it recognises that some of these genealogies have been partly successful in this endeavour, it also points out how a number of genealogies repeat some of the problematics they sought to escape. Finally, it provides some rudimentary reflections on how a theological engagement with history might be done better.