bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Smart Knee Implants: An Overview of Current Technologies and Future Possibilities”
Authors: Kelmers Edgars , Szuba Agata , King Samuel W. , Palan Jeya , Freear Steven , Pandit Hemant G. , van Duren Bernard H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
This article focuses on clinical implementation of smart knee implants for total knee replacement and the future development of smart implant technology. With the number of total knee replacements undertaken growing worldwide, smart implants incorporating embedded sensor technology offer opportunity to improve post-operative recovery, reducing implant failure rates, and increasing overall patient satisfaction.

Methods
A literature review on smart implants, historical prototypes, current clinically available smart implants, and the future potential for conventional implant instrumentation with embedded sensors and electronics was undertaken.

Results
The overview of current and future technology describes use cases for various diagnostic and therapeutic treatment solutions.

Conclusion
Smart knee implants are at an early development stage, with the first generation of smart implants being available to patients and with more novel technologies under development.
H3-T6SS of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 contributes to environmental adaptation via secretion of a biofilm-promoting effector
Authors: Yang Yantao , Pan Damin , Tang Yanan , Li Jiali , Zhu Kaixiang , Yu Zonglan , Zhu Lingfang , Wang Yao , Chen Peng , Li Changfu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMicrobial species often occur in complex communities and exhibit intricate synergistic and antagonistic interactions. To avoid predation and compete for favorable niches, bacteria have evolved specialized protein secretion systems. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a versatile secretion system widely distributed among Gram-negative bacteria that translocates effectors into target cells or the extracellular milieu via various physiological processes. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for many diseases, and it has three independent T6SSs (H1-, H2-, and H3-T6SS). In this study, we found that the H3-T6SS of highly virulent P. aeruginosa PA14 is negatively regulated by OxyR and OmpR, which are global regulatory proteins of bacterial oxidative and acid stress. In addition, we identified a H3-T6SS effector PA14_33970, which is located upstream of VgrG3. PA14_33970 interacted directly with VgrG3 and translocated into host cells. Moreover, we found that H3-T6SS and PA14_33970 play crucial roles in oxidative, acid, and osmotic stress resistance, as well as in motility and biofilm formation. PA14_33970 was identified as a new T6SS effector promoting biofilm formation and thus named TepB. Furthermore, we found that TepB contributes to the virulence of P. aeruginosa PA14 toward Caenorhabditis elegans. Overall, our study indicates that H3-T6SS and its biofilm-promoting effector TepB are regulated by OxyR and OmpR, both of which are important for adaptation of P. aeruginosa PA14 to multiple stressors, providing insights into the regulatory mechanisms and roles of T6SSs in P. aeruginosa.
China’s emergence and development challenges that China faces in Central Asia
Authors: Zhang Chi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDevelopment in Central Asia faces intensifying headwinds in various aspects. Terrorism and political instability have been the primary sources of concern for this chessboard of rivaling great powers. The US’s withdrawal from Afghanistan left a power vacuum, and the region’s future is further clouded by elevated uncertainty. The so-called ‘new Cold War’ discourse is becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy that contextualizes regional geopolitical maneuverings. These developments present a pressing need to evaluate development challenges in Central Asia in the context of China’s rising influence in the region through the Belt and Road Initiative and other regional frameworks, such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and China Pakistan Economic Corridor.This paper seeks to examine the shifting geopolitical and geoeconomic landscape in Central Asia in the context of global ideological confrontations and the regional Great Game between China and Russia. Drawing on think tank reports, English-language media reports, and scholarly works, it argues that China’s investment and development strategy in Central Asia can be improved by giving geopolitical and geoeconomic factors full consideration. The changing political dynamics in the region have significant implications for China’s engagement with Central Asian countries, its broader Belt and Road Initiative extending through Central Asia to Europe, and development challenges that transcend the dualistic categorization of development and security.
Urban-rural differences in the pregnancy-related adverse outcome
Authors: Mehrnoush Vahid , Ranjbar Amene , Banihashemi Farzaneh , Darsareh Fatemeh , Shekari Mitra , Shirzadfardjahromi Malihe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about potential urban-rural differences in adverse pregnancy outcomes. The purpose of this study is to look into the urban-rural differences in the trend of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed the pregnancy outcome of singleton pregnant mothers who gave birth at a tertiary hospital in Bandar Abbas, Iran, between January 1st, 2020, and January 1st, 2022. Mothers were divided into two groups based on living residency: 1) urban groupand 2) rural group.Demographic factors, obstetrical factors, maternal comorbidities, and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomeswere extracted from the electronic data of each mother. The Chi-square testwas used to compare differences between the groups for categorical variables. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association of adverse pregnancy, childbirth, and neonatal outcome with living residency.ResultsOf 8888 mothers that gave birth during the study period, 2989 (33.6%) lived in rural areas. Adolescent pregnancy was more common in the rural area. Urban mothers had a higher education than rural mothers. Rural mothers were at higher risk for preterm birth aOR 1.81 (CI:1.24-2.99), post-term pregnancy aOR 1.5 (CI: 1.07-2.78), anemia aOR 2.02 (CI:1.07-2.34), low birth weight (LBW) aOR 1.89 (CI: 1.56-2.11), need for neonatal resuscitation aOR 2.66 (CI: 1.78-3.14), and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission aOR 1.98 (CI:1.34-2.79). On the other hand, the risk of cesarean section was significantly lower compared to urban mothers aOR 0.58 (CI: 0.34-0.99).ConclusionsOur study discovered that mothers living in rural areas had a higher risk of developing anemia, preterm birth, post-term pregnancies, LBW, need for neonatal resuscitation, and NICU admission, but a lower risk of cesarean section.
Multiphysics‐Informed Neural Networks for Coupled Soil Hydrothermal Modeling
Authors: Wang Yanling , Shi Liangsheng , Hu Xiaolong , Song Wenxiang , Wang Lijun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSoil water and heat transport are two physical processes that are described by the Richardson–Richards equation and heat transport equation, respectively. Soil water and heat motion directly control transport or indirectly influence parameters. The physics‐informed neural network (PINN) is a new method that combines deep learning and physical laws that approximates and learns physical dynamics better than traditional data‐driven deep learning methods. In this study, we propose multiphysics‐informed neural networks for soil water‐heat systems, in which the soil moisture and temperature information complement each other well. With our framework, existing soil moisture neural networks are improved to reduce their dependency on the soil moisture measurement density. Furthermore, soil moisture data are employed to promote soil temperature dynamic learning and soil thermal conductivity estimation. Moreover, soil temperature data assist in recovering the nonlinearity of the soil hydraulic conductivity through hydrothermal coupling constraints, allowing better estimations of the soil water flux density. The gradient‐based annealing method is applied to adapt the loss function, which satisfactorily balances the water‐heat transport governing equation constraints on the neural networks. The robustness and generalizability of our framework are examined under diverse scenarios. This work demonstrates the mutual compensation of multisource data in coupled physical processes in a deep learning framework and highlights the significance of appropriate multiphysical constraints designed for nonlinear parameter recovery in PINNs.
Neuroimaging profiling identifies distinct brain maturational subtypes of youth with mood and anxiety disorders
Authors: Ge Ruiyang , Sassi Roberto , Yatham Lakshmi N. , Frangou Sophia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMood and anxiety disorders typically begin in adolescence and have overlapping clinical features but marked inter-individual variation in clinical presentation. The use of multimodal neuroimaging data may offer novel insights into the underlying brain mechanisms. We applied Heterogeneity Through Discriminative Analysis (HYDRA) to measures of regional brain morphometry, neurite density, and intracortical myelination to identify subtypes of youth, aged 9–10 years, with mood and anxiety disorders (N = 1931) compared to typically developing youth (N = 2823). We identified three subtypes that were robust to permutation testing and sample composition. Subtype 1 evidenced a pattern of imbalanced cortical-subcortical maturation compared to the typically developing group, with subcortical regions lagging behind prefrontal cortical thinning and myelination and greater cortical surface expansion globally. Subtype 2 displayed a pattern of delayed cortical maturation indicated by higher cortical thickness and lower cortical surface area expansion and myelination compared to the typically developing group. Subtype 3 showed evidence of atypical brain maturation involving globally lower cortical thickness and surface coupled with higher myelination and neural density. Subtype 1 had superior cognitive function in contrast to the other two subtypes that underperformed compared to the typically developing group. Higher levels of parental psychopathology, family conflict, and social adversity were common to all subtypes, with subtype 3 having the highest burden of adverse exposures. These analyses comprehensively characterize pre-adolescent mood and anxiety disorders, the biopsychosocial context in which they arise, and lay the foundation for the examination of the longitudinal evolution of the subtypes identified as the study sample transitions through adolescence.
LPA receptor 1 (LPAR1) is a novel interaction partner of Filamin A that promotes Filamin A phosphorylation, MRTF-A transcriptional activity and oncogene-induced senescence
Authors: Konopa Andreas , Meier Melanie A. , Franz Miriam J. , Bernardinelli Emanuele , Voegele Anna-Lena , Atreya Raja , Ribback Silvia , Roessler Stephanie , Aigner Achim , Singer Kerstin , Singer Stephan , Sarikas Antonio , Muehlich Susanne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMyocardin-related transcription factors A and B (MRTFs) are coactivators of Serum Response Factor (SRF), which controls fundamental biological processes such as cell growth, migration, and differentiation. MRTF and SRF transcriptional activity play an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth, which represents the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in humans worldwide. We, therefore, searched for druggable targets in HCC that regulate MRTF/SRF transcriptional activity and can be exploited therapeutically for HCC therapy. We identified the G protein-coupled lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1) as a novel interaction partner of MRTF-A and Filamin A (FLNA) using fluorescence resonance energy transfer-(FRET) and proximity ligation assay (PLA) in vitro in HCC cells and in vivo in organoids. We found that LPAR1 promotes FLNA phosphorylation at S2152 which enhances the complex formation of FLNA and MRTF-A, actin polymerization, and MRTF transcriptional activity. Pharmacological blockade or depletion of LPAR1 prevents FLNA phosphorylation and complex formation with MRTF-A, resulting in reduced MRTF/SRF target gene expression and oncogene-induced senescence. Thus, inhibition of the LPAR1–FLNA–MRTF-A interaction represents a promising strategy for HCC therapy.
Molecular mechanism of substrate recognition by folate transporter SLC19A1
Authors: Dang Yu , Zhou Dong , Du Xiaojuan , Zhao Hongtu , Lee Chia-Hsueh , Yang Jing , Wang Yijie , Qin Changdong , Guo Zhenxi , Zhang Zhe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFolate (vitamin B9) is the coenzyme involved in one-carbon transfer biochemical reactions essential for cell survival and proliferation, with its inadequacy causing developmental defects or severe diseases. Notably, mammalian cells lack the ability to de novo synthesize folate but instead rely on its intake from extracellular sources via specific transporters or receptors, among which SLC19A1 is the ubiquitously expressed one in tissues. However, the mechanism of substrate recognition by SLC19A1 remains unclear. Here we report the cryo-EM structures of human SLC19A1 and its complex with 5-methyltetrahydrofolate at 3.5–3.6 Å resolution and elucidate the critical residues for substrate recognition. In particular, we reveal that two variant residues among SLC19 subfamily members designate the specificity for folate. Moreover, we identify intracellular thiamine pyrophosphate as the favorite coupled substrate for folate transport by SLC19A1. Together, this work establishes the molecular basis of substrate recognition by this central folate transporter.
Multistep diversification in spatiotemporal bacterial-phage coevolution
Authors: Shaer Tamar Einat , Kishony Roy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe evolutionary arms race between phages and bacteria, where bacteria evolve resistance to phages and phages retaliate with resistance-countering mutations, is a major driving force of molecular innovation and genetic diversification. Yet attempting to reproduce such ongoing retaliation dynamics in the lab has been challenging; laboratory coevolution experiments of phage and bacteria are typically performed in well-mixed environments and often lead to rapid stagnation with little genetic variability. Here, co-culturing motileE. coliwith the lytic bacteriophage T7 on swimming plates, we observe complex spatiotemporal dynamics with multiple genetically diversifying adaptive cycles. Systematically quantifying over 10,000 resistance-infectivity phenotypes between evolved bacteria and phage isolates, we observe diversification into multiple coexisting ecotypes showing a complex interaction network with both host-range expansion and host-switch tradeoffs. Whole-genome sequencing of these evolved phage and bacterial isolates revealed a rich set of adaptive mutations in multiple genetic pathways including in genes not previously linked with phage-bacteria interactions. Synthetically reconstructing these new mutations, we discover phage-general and phage-specific resistance phenotypes as well as a strong synergy with the more classically known phage-resistance mutations. These results highlight the importance of spatial structure and migration for driving phage-bacteria coevolution, providing a concrete system for revealing new molecular mechanisms across diverse phage-bacterial systems.
High-order tensor flow processing using integrated photonic circuits
Authors: Xu Shaofu , Wang Jing , Yi Sicheng , Zou Weiwen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTensor analytics lays the mathematical basis for the prosperous promotion of multiway signal processing. To increase computing throughput, mainstream processors transform tensor convolutions into matrix multiplications to enhance the parallelism of computing. However, such order-reducing transformation produces data duplicates and consumes additional memory. Here, we propose an integrated photonic tensor flow processor (PTFP) without digitally duplicating the input data. It outputs the convolved tensor as the input tensor ‘flows’ through the processor. The hybrid manipulation of optical wavelengths, space dimensions, and time delay steps, enables the direct representation and processing of high-order tensors in the optical domain. In the proof-of-concept experiment, an integrated processor manipulating wavelengths and delay steps is implemented for demonstrating the key functionalities of PTFP. The multi-channel images and videos are processed at the modulation rate of 20 Gbaud. A convolutional neural network for video action recognition is demonstrated on the processor, which achieves an accuracy of 97.9%.
Three-dimensional wide-field fluorescence microscopy for transcranial mapping of cortical microcirculation
Authors: Zhou Quanyu , Chen Zhenyue , Liu Yu-Hang , El Amki Mohamad , Glück Chaim , Droux Jeanne , Reiss Michael , Weber Bruno , Wegener Susanne , Razansky Daniel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWide-field fluorescence imaging is an indispensable tool for studying large-scale biodynamics. Limited space-bandwidth product and strong light diffusion make conventional implementations incapable of high-resolution mapping of fluorescence biodistribution in three dimensions. We introduce a volumetric wide-field fluorescence microscopy based on optical astigmatism combined with fluorescence source localization, covering 5.6×5.6×0.6 mm3 imaging volume. Two alternative configurations are proposed exploiting multifocal illumination or sparse localization of point emitters, which are herein seamlessly integrated in one system. We demonstrate real-time volumetric mapping of the murine cortical microcirculation at capillary resolution without employing cranial windows, thus simultaneously delivering quantitative perfusion information across both brain hemispheres. Morphological and functional changes of cerebral vascular networks are further investigated after an acute ischemic stroke, enabling cortex-wide observation of concurrent collateral recruitment events occurring on a sub-second scale. The reported technique thus offers a wealth of unmatched possibilities for non- or minimally invasive imaging of biodynamics across scales.
Changes in ocular biological parameters after cycloplegia based on dioptre, age and sex
Authors: Tao Yulin , Cheng Xiaokang , Ouyang Can , Qu Xiaoyong , Liao Wenjiang , Zhou Qiong , Ouyang Jun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe effects of cycloplegia on ocular biological parameters in children have been extensively studied, but few studies have compared these parameters between different refractive states, ages, and sexes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in ocular biometry before and after cycloplegia in different groups based on dioptre, age and sex. We examined a total of 2049 participants in this cross-sectional study. A comprehensive eye examination was conducted before cycloplegia. Cycloplegia was implemented with the application of atropine or tropicamide. Ocular biological parameters were evaluated after cycloplegia, including axial length (AL), mean keratometry (K), flat keratometry (K1), steep keratometry (K2), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and white-to-white (WTW) distance. All the participants were categorized based on dioptre, age and sex. Statistical analysis was performed with paired t tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Regarding dioptre, AL was found to be increased significantly in the Fs, Ast and FA (p < 0.05) postcycloplegia groups. We observed significant increases in K, K1, K2 and ACD in the Fs group (p < 0.05) after cycloplegia. Regarding age, we found significant increases in AL, CCT and ACD in group 1 (p < 0.05), but AL decreased significantly in groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.05) postcycloplegia. There were no significant changes found in K, K1 and K2 in the three groups after cycloplegia (p > 0.05). Regarding sex, AL and WTW were found to decrease significantly among males and increase significantly among females (p < 0.05) postcycloplegia, while K, K1 and K2 showed the opposite trends. This study showed that there were differences in some ocular biological parameters after cycloplegia across different groups; in particular, there were significant differences in AL, CCT and ACD. Attention should be devoted to the influence of cycloplegia in clinical work.
Dysregulation of TSP2-Rac1-WAVE2 axis in diabetic cells leads to cytoskeletal disorganization, increased cell stiffness, and dysfunction
Authors: Xing Hao , Huang Yaqing , Kunkemoeller Britta H. , Dahl Peter J. , Muraleetharan Ohvia , Malvankar Nikhil S. , Murrell Michael P. , Kyriakides Themis R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFibroblasts are a major cell population that perform critical functions in the wound healing process. In response to injury, they proliferate and migrate into the wound space, engaging in extracellular matrix (ECM) production, remodeling, and contraction. However, there is limited knowledge of how fibroblast functions are altered in diabetes. To address this gap, several state-of-the-art microscopy techniques were employed to investigate morphology, migration, ECM production, 2D traction, 3D contraction, and cell stiffness. Analysis of cell-derived matrix (CDM) revealed that diabetic fibroblasts produce thickened and less porous ECM that hindered migration of normal fibroblasts. In addition, diabetic fibroblasts were found to lose spindle-like shape, migrate slower, generate less traction force, exert limited 3D contractility, and have increased cell stiffness. These changes were due, in part, to a decreased level of active Rac1 and a lack of co-localization between F-actin and Waskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family verprolin homologous protein 2 (WAVE2). Interestingly, deletion of thrombospondin-2 (TSP2) in diabetic fibroblasts rescued these phenotypes and restored normal levels of active Rac1 and WAVE2-F-actin co-localization. These results provide a comprehensive view of the extent of diabetic fibroblast dysfunction, highlighting the regulatory role of the TSP2-Rac1-WAVE2-actin axis, and describing a new function of TSP2 in regulating cytoskeleton organization.