bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerated Structural Evolution of Galaxies in a Starbursting Cluster at z = 2.51
Authors: Xu Can , Wang Tao , Gu Qiusheng , Zanella Anita , Xu Ke , Sun Hanwen , Strazzullo Veronica , Valentino Francesco , Gobat Raphael , Daddi Emanuele , Elbaz David , Xiao Mengyuan , Lu Shiying , Zhou Luwenjia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Structural properties of cluster galaxies during their peak formation epoch, z ∼ 2–4 provide key information on whether and how the environment affects galaxy formation and evolution. Based on deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) imaging toward the z = 2.51 cluster, J1001, we explore environmental effects on the structure, color gradients, and stellar populations of a statistical sample of cluster star-forming galaxies (SFGs). We find that the cluster SFGs are on average smaller than their field counterparts. This difference is most pronounced at the high-mass end (M
⋆ > 1010.5
M
⊙), with nearly all of them lying below the mass–size relation of field galaxies. The high-mass cluster SFGs are also generally old, with a steep negative color gradient, indicating an early formation time likely associated with strong dissipative collapse. For low-mass cluster SFGs, we unveil a population of compact galaxies with steep positive color gradients that are not seen in the field. This suggests that the low-mass compact cluster SFGs may have already experienced strong environmental effects, e.g., tidal/ram pressure stripping, in this young cluster. These results provide evidence on the environmental effects at work in the earliest formed clusters with different roles in the formation of low- and high-mass galaxies.
Vegetation structure and composition at different elevational intervals in the arid Tankwa Karoo National Park, South Africa
Authors: Samuels Mogamat Igshaan , Saaed Manam , Jacobs Shayne , Masubelele Mmoto Leonard , Van der Merwe Helga , Khomo Lesego 
Published: July 2023

Study area: The study was conducted in the Tankwa Karoo National Park, one of the driest areas in South Africa. Historic overgrazing has resulted in the poor and often degraded state of vegetation in large parts of the Tanqua Karoo region.Aim: This study assessed the spatial variation of vegetation structure and composition in the three main vegetation types namely: Tanqua Karoo (TK), Tanqua Wash Riviere (TWR) and Tanqua Escarpment Shrubland (TES), along an elevational gradient.Method: Using the point intercept survey method, vegetation cover, plant height, species diversity, life forms, proportions of perennials and annuals were examined in 43 sites, widely distributed in these vegetation types.Results: There were 150 vascular plant species belonging to 83 genera and 29 families recorded across all sites. The most diverse vegetation type was TES with 96 species belonging to 61 genera and 26 families. The vegetation structure was comprised mainly of shrubs and dwarf shrubs with a high proportion of leaf and stem succulent species. The mean perennial vegetation cover throughout the study area was 28 and annuals covered 22%, but this cover varied significantly between the vegetation types. The most dominant life forms were chamaephytes, which comprised 64% of all species, with cryptophytes (18%), therophytes (16%) and nanophanerophytes (2%) less abundant. Surveyed sites in the TES showed a clear association with each other but there was an overlap in the species composition and environmental conditions between some TWR and TK sites. This study highlighted the important role of elevation and topography as drivers of vegetation characteristics.Conclusion: The findings from this study can be used as a vegetation baseline to identify and prioritise degraded areas for active restoration in order to limit further degradation. Considering climate change, elevational studies may provide additional insight into species dynamics across landscapes.Taxonomic reference: Plants of Southern Africa Checklist (South African National Biodiversity Institute 2016).Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance; GPS = Global Positioning System; LFA = Landscape Function Assessment; NDVI = Normalized difference vegetation index; PCA = principal component analysis; PCo-A = principal co-ordinate analysis; TES = Tanqua Escarpment Shrubland; TK = Tanqua Karoo; TKNP = Tankwa Karoo National Park; TWR = Tanqua Wash Riviere.
'Frozen Eye' - Post Blowout Fracture Surgical Correction - A Case Report
Authors: Balaji S. M. , Balaji Preetha 
Published: July 2023

The Rationale:
”Frozen Eye” is a very uncommon sequel after treatment of orbital blowout fractures requiring implant placement.

Patient Concerns:
The implant may faultily impinge on the ocular and extra-ocular muscle(s), causing the abnormality in the movement of the eye.

Diagnosis:
We present a 56-year-old male whose ocular implant impinged on muscle, causing “frozen eye” and had an infected implant.

Treatment Outcomes:
The same was removed and surgically corrected. The manuscript describes the details and discusses the possible mechanism that led to the “Frozen Eye”.
Changing Sleep Patterns and Anxiety Due to Covid-19 Home Confinement Among Working Population
Authors: Yadav Ankit , Atri Mansi , Pareek Sonia , Srivastava Roomani , Nithya S 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
The COVID-19 pandemic took the entire world unawares and people were forced to stay indoors overnight. Due to this a drastic change ensued in lifestyle with many succumbing to various kinds of stresses and psychological problems. This study aims to study the changing sleep patterns and level of anxiety among the working population due to the COVID-19 Pandemic lockdown.

Methodology:
An online survey was conducted using a cloud-based website. The sleep patterns both prior to and during the lockdown period of the pandemic were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. The level of anxiety during both these periods (before and during lockdown) amongst the working population was also assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scores (GADS).

Results:
A total of 224 individuals participated in the study of which 52.7% were males and 47.3% were females. On analysis, the lifestyle and sleep deprivation scores showed that before the lockdown only 2.7% reported a low score out of total participants. However, this number was raised to 13.4% during the lockdown. The percentage of people reporting deteriorated sleep quality gradually increased with females reporting moderate to severe category of Generalized Anxiety Disorder scores as compared to Males.

Conclusion:
The study suggests that there has been a significant change in the sleep quality of the study participants due to Covid enforced lockdown which if unnoticed might lead to significant health problems. The effective use of programs like yoga, meditation, and deep breathing exercises, if followed timely could reduce psychological distress to some extent.
Evaluation of Structural and Compositional Changes on the Root Surface Exposed to Diode Laser (810 Nm)
Authors: Jayachandran Dorairaj , Selvaraj Sunantha , Priya Shanmuga , Kukkamalla Meena A. , Senkalvarayan Vaishnavi 
Published: July 2023

Background:
The laser therapy has been used as an adjuvant for conventional periodontal disease as they exhibit a bactericidal effect on scaling and root planning by its thermal and photo disruptive effects on the pathogens. This study focuses on the structural and compositional changes induced on the root surfaces of teeth following diode laser (DL) application with increasing quantum of exposure time.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the structural and compositional changes on the root surface of extracted human permanent teeth after application of DLs (810 nm) with varying time interval.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty samples of single-rooted periodontally compromised extracted teeth were utilized for this study. Root planning was done and the roughness caused by the instrumentation was measured using profilometric analysis. Then, the samples were divided into four groups, with DL application time: Group 1 – laser application for 15 s, Group 2 – laser application for 30 s, Group 3 – laser application for 45 s, and Group 4 – laser application for 60 s. A scanning electron microscope was used to examine the cemental surface and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis software assesses the compositional changes of the teeth in each group.

Results:
This study reveals that on exposure of DL (810 nm) on the root surface when time of exposure increases, there were relative increases in surface irregularities and charring. There were significant changes in the chemical composition of the tooth surface.
Management of cellulitis of the floor of the mouth in a Cameroonian secondary hospital
Authors: Bohimbo Jacques Gérard Edouma , Kwedi Karl Guy Grégoire , Fokam Stive Tamoh , Vounsoumna Haibolda Elias , Messanga Charles Bengondo 
Published: July 2023

Context:
Cellulitis of the floor of the mouth is dangerous condition because of their life-threatening potential due to their locations.

Aims:
The objective of this study was to evaluate and document the pattern of cellulitis of the floor of the mouth seen in a hospital of rural region of Cameroon.

Settings and Design:
This descriptive and prospective study was conducted in the Odontostomatology Unit of the Garoua Regional Hospital (Cameroon).

Subjects and Methods:
All patients presenting with cellulitis of the floor of the mouth between December 2020 and February 2021 were included in the study. The data concerning demography (age and sex), clinic (risk factors, symptoms, signs, etiology, and evolutionary stage), treatment (medical, surgical, and their evolution), and prognosis were analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis.

Results:
Thirty-four patients representing 10.39% of the total consulted were enrolled. The male represented 55.88%. The mean age was 31.68 years. The etiology was odontogenic in 91.18% of cases. Swelling (100%), pain (100%), trismus (97.65%), dysphagia (88.23%), asthenia (76.47%), cervical spreading (58.82%), and poor oral hygiene (94.11%) were the main clinical signs. The cellulitis was suppurative in 76.47% of cases. All patients received probabilistic antibiotic therapy. Corticosteroids (61.76%), surgical (91.18%), and etiological treatment (82.35%) were associated. Complications occurred in 8.82% of cases. A favorable evolution was seen in 94.12% of cases. Death occurred in 5.88% of cases.

Conclusions:
Cellulitis of the floor of the mouth is still frequent in developing countries. Adequate management of these pathologies is the main condition to reduce their mortality rate.
Practices regarding oral hygiene among individuals with disabilities attending a special needs institution in Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ogbeide Mike Eghosa , Azodo Clement Chinedu 
Published: July 2023

Background:
The oral health of individuals with disabilities is crucial for the reason that they constitute a vulnerable group to undesirable oral diseases. Thus, there is a higher need to practice good oral hygiene among them compared to nondisabled individuals.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the practices regarding oral hygiene among individuals with disabilities attending a special needs institution in Northwestern Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional survey among students with disabilities attending Abdulrasheed Adisa Raji Special School, Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria. IBM SPSS version 23.0 was utilized for analytics. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the sociodemographic characteristics and the practice of oral hygiene of the participants. Bivariate analysis was used to determine oral hygiene practices by disability type. Significance was pegged at P ≤ 0.05.

Results:
A total of 236 individuals, 167 (70.8%) males and 69 (29.2%) females aged 6–28 years, participated in the study. Less than a quarter (22.5%; n = 53) cleaned their teeth more than once daily with the majority (82.2%; n = 194) using a toothbrush. Only 12.6% (n = 30) used other oral hygiene aids aside from toothbrushes. Sugary snacks were consumed once or more daily by 64.0% (n = 151) of the participants. A bivariate analysis of oral hygiene practice grades by disability types shows that the visually impaired group reported the best hygiene practice score. The overall mean practice score was 4.62 ± 1.69. The result was statistically significant (P = 0.014).

Conclusion:
Practices regarding oral hygiene were generally fair in this study. However, specific areas with negative or poor practice exist among participants. Overall oral hygiene practice level was significantly associated with the type of disability.
Synthesis of Alkyd Resins from Black Sesame (Sesamum radiatum) Seed Oil
Authors: Awolola Gbonjubola V. , Francis Peace U. , Odetoye Temitope E. 
Published: July 2023

The utilization of vegetable oils as renewable feedstocks is gaining more grounds in the polymer industry as replacement for petroleum-based feedstocks due to environmental challenge. There is a dire need to meet the recent increased demand for vegetable oil feedstock for oil-based alkyd resins production. Hence, black sesame (Sesamum radiatum) oil, a non-conventional raw material was investigated for alkyds production. The oil was extracted, characterized and refined. Medium-oil alkyds, alkyd-x and alkyd-y, with 48% and 52% oil contents respectively, were synthesized via two-stage alcoholys is-poly esterification process with glycerol and phthalic anhydride. Oil yield, density, specific gravity, viscosity; iodine, acid and saponification values were 28.2%, 0.934 g/ml, 0917, 0.045 poise, 106.6 gI2/100g oil, 0.73 mgKOH/g and 188 mgKOH/g of oil respectively. Densities, specific gravities, viscosities, and acid values of alkyd-x and alkyd-y were obtained as 0.886g/ml and 0.933 g/ml, 0.869 and 0.915, 60.4 m.Pa.s and 65.5 m.Pa.s, 14.55 mg KOH and 11.93 mg KOH respectively. Successful polyesterification was confirmed on FTIR spectra. Pencil hardness test indicated highest hardness at 5H for alkyd-x while gloss retention was 60.2%.
Performance Analysis of LVQ 1 Using Feature Selection Gain Ratio for Sex Classification in Forensic Anthropology
Authors: Harni Yulia , Afrianty Iis , Sanjaya Suwanto , Abdillah Rahmad , Yanto Febi , Syafria Fadhilah 
Published: July 2023

One approach to handling large of data dimensions is feature selection. Effective feature selection techniques produce the essential features and can improve classification algorithms. The accuracy performance results can measure the accuracy of the method used in the classification process. This research uses the Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) 1 method combined with Gain Ratio feature selection. The data used is male and female skull bone measurement data totaling 2524. The highest accuracy results are obtained by LVQ 1, which uses a Gain Ratio with a threshold of 0.01 with a learning rate = 0.1, which is 92.01%, and the default threshold weka(-1.7976931348623157E308) with a learning rate = 0.1, which is 92.19%. In comparison, previous research that did not use gain ratio or that did not use GR only had the best results of 91.39% with a learning rate = 0.1, 0.4, 0.7, 0.9. This shows that LVQ 1 using the Gain Ratio can be recommended to improve the performance of the Skull dataset compared to LVQ 1 without Gain Ratio.
Emerging Trends and Impact of Internet of Things in Academic Libraries
Authors: Bagavathi A 
Published: July 2023

The advent of smart new technologies, smart mobile connections and online services has a great impact on all aspects our life and activities. Also this advancement has many impacts on the world around us. Today, libraries and library services have great impact on the world. The aim of the current study is to introduce readers with new technologies applied to Internet of Things (IoT) that can help libraries to improve their services and increase users’ satisfaction. This study also tries to present about the possible areas of implementing the concept of IoT in academic libraries and user satisfaction on the IoT based library services and resources. Online survey from selected Educational Institutions was conducted and Data collected from a survey of a sample of 183 library users to analyse the importance and satisfaction of IoT based services and resources. Possible areas for implementing IoT in libraries - improve access to the library and its resources, collection management, recommendation service, location-based service, appliances management, usage statistics, and information literacy. The IoT technology will notify and fulfils the user-related queries through on internet i.e., self-check-in, self-check-out, overdue reminders, online fine payment, misplaced books on shelves, etc. The study observed that the maximum number of respondents used WhatsApp and Facebook respectively. Meantime, the libraries should concentrate more on interaction through videoconferencing like, Google Meet, Zoom etc. and library tutorial. 73% of the respondents are highly using the Swayam and the second highest is e-Pathshala with 48%. The institutes provide remote based library resources and services through cloud-based access on the basis of IoT i.e. Deep knowledge – remote access, Bookshelf - Mobile App and Ezproxy –Server. Most of the higher educational institutes prefer to subscribe the Deep knowledge portal on the basis of users’ satisfaction. In IoT based modern library services, it is understood that three parameters such as Academic Performance Support and Infrastructure are having significant association with the satisfaction level of 5% and training is having significant association with the satisfaction level of 1% respectively. IoT based library services and resources can be implemented in the all sections of libraries functions and services i.e. collection management, Library Marketing services, Information literacy programs, effective utilization of online learning portals, accessing of library resources, etc. ICT and Information literacy should be compulsorily included as part of the curriculum in order to equip the students and faculties for face the current digital IoT environment efficiently.
Evaluation of Information Communication Technology Literacy Skills (ICTs) Among Secondary School Students in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Eruterio Onohwakpor Josephine 
Published: July 2023

This study explored the availability of ICT facilities and ICT literacy skills level of senior secondary school students in Delta State. The population of the study comprised 308 senior secondary school students purposively selected from two public schools and two private schools from two senatorial districts of the state. The study employed the descriptive survey design using a questionnaire designed to elicit a response from the students on the available ICT facilities' satisfaction with ICT facilities, level of ICT skills, and constraints to acquiring of ICT skills. The different statements were in the rating of, 2, 3 and 4. Data was collected from 308 students. The data collected were analyzed using simple percentages and mean statistical tools. Findings from the data collected identified low ICT facilities in the schools. The study reveals low ICT skills among the students that can deter the students from performing credibly in the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME). The study also reveals that they are not satisfied with the available facilities. The low level of ICT skills was attributed to lack of qualified teachers in ICT, and inadequate time allotted to it in the school timetable. Recommendations were made to improve on the facilities and needed perquisites that will improve the ICT skills of the students.
Authorship Pattern and Collaborative Research on Encephalitis
Authors: Pushpa  , Shantadevi T 
Published: July 2023

The current study intends to examine trends in authorship patterns and collaborative research in the field of encephalitis. The PubMed database was used as the primary source of data for the study, which considered 19638 papers on encephalitis published between 2013 and 2022.The study investigates several types of collaboration and collaboration measurements such as the Degree of Collaboration, the Collaborative Index, the collaborative coefficient and modified coefficient, and the authorship pattern. According to the study's findings, the year-by-year distribution depicts how scientific production develops year by year, with the highest production in 2021 (14.42%) and the lowest production in 2018 (7.99%).In the topic of Encephalitis, collaborative authorship accounts for over 90% (18708), whereas single-author publication accounts for only 4.74% (930).It has been observed that collaborative research is on the rise in this subject. During the study period from 2013 to 2016, the degree of collaboration ranged from 0.92 to1.01, with an average of 0.97. The average index is now 5.97, up from 5.63 to 6.27. The collaborative and modified coefficients grew from 0.72 to 0.75, resulting in an average CC of 0.75. Finally, the research suggests that collaboration is on the rise in the field of encephalitis.
Ethical Values for Contemporary Librarianship: A Literary Approach
Authors: Mahadevagouda  , Pavithrabai M S 
Published: July 2023

The objective of the study was to elucidate the ethical principles of librarianship that are necessary for the effective management of libraries in the modern era. This article emphasizes the ethical principles that are essential to the field of librarianship in the modern era where online resources play a major role. It discusses the importance of ethical values, as well as the international code of ethics that guides librarians. Additionally, the article explores the advantages of adhering to ethical values in librarianship, while also acknowledging the challenges that may arise in implementing them. The articles additionally emphasized the ethical code that librarians should adhere to in the modern era and make suggestions to uphold intellectual property rights.
The Importance of Library Websites in Accessing Electronic Resources Suresh Kumar
Authors: Kumar Suresh 
Published: July 2023

A library website is a platform that offers access to various -resources, including electronic resources. A user friendly library website can boost user experience and empower easy access to electronic resources. To effectively utilise electronic resources on a library website, users should be conversant with the site's interface, understand how to conduct searches, and have access to technical support. Electronic resources through library websites offer many benefits, such as convenience, 24/7 access, and cost-effectiveness, but limitations, such as restricted access, should also be considered. In summary, a user-friendly library website is vital for accessing electronic resources efficiently, and while electronic resources have many profits, their limitations should also be acknowledged.
Resources and Services of the State Central Library in Tamilnadu
Authors: Balaji A , Balasubramanian P 
Published: July 2023

The state central Libraries occupy a cardinal place among all the public institutions in the Modern social system. It plays a crucial role not only in the life of a human being but also in the farthest of the whole community. The researcher made an initiative to examine the users' perception of the resources and services available in the library. The researcher constructed a strong questionnaire and personally distributed it to 250 users of the state central library at Tirunelveli. Then the researcher only received 240 fully completed questionnaires from the respondents. Further, the study revealed that the users' perceptive of the resources and services of the library influence the users’ frequency of visits the library.