bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulated effects of imperfect sterile sport fish stocking on persistence of fertile fish in new exploited populations
Authors: Hansen Adam G. , Farrell Collin J. , Johnson Brett M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
Sterile fish are used for multiple purposes, including enhancing sport fisheries where reproduction is not wanted. In some regions with few native sport fish, but strong angler desire for nonnative piscivorous species, establishing new fisheries using sterile predators is being explored as a management option. In this context, objective information is needed to guide discussions with stakeholders and inform policy.

Methods
Artificial induction of triploidy is commonly used to produce sterile predators, but the process is rarely 100% effective. Thus, starting a new triploid fishery would require stocking fish with imperfect induction, which carries the risk of jump-starting a feral population if stocked diploids survive to maturity and become self-sustaining. We developed a joint stochastic age-structured model to explore the potential consequences of stocking triploid Walleye Sander vitreus with imperfect induction into locations devoid of diploids to inform stocking decisions.

Result
Model simulations demonstrated that a high induction rate (≥95%) for triploid fingerling stocking combined with multiple simultaneous constraints on natural reproduction were required to minimize the probability of diploid Walleye persistence or to maintain the abundance of natural-origin fish near or below expectations from stocking alone. Reproductive interference from triploid males could suppress the population expansion of diploids under some circumstances. Above patterns were also contingent on maintaining a relatively high annual mortality rate (&gt;50%)—reflective of exploited populations—on age-classes of Walleye particularly vulnerable to catch and harvest.

Conclusion
Our modeling framework provides decision makers objective information to weigh stocking options and guide discussions. A better understanding of the recruitment and exploitation dynamics of nonnative Walleye populations and the poststocking performance and behavior of triploid Walleye would help refine models and expectations.
Non‐destructive self‐healing design for carbon fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: Wan Wenhu , Shen Rulin , Tang Juntao , Xu Yangbo , Zou Xiangfu , Guo Haibo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSelf‐healing composites are promising for engineering, but self‐healing structures or components usually induce reduction in the composite's mechanical properties. In this paper, core‐shell nanofibers which accommodating healing agent in the core and incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the shell were produced to develop non‐destructive self‐healing carbon fiber/epoxy (CF/EP) composites. The epoxy resin and curing agent were encapsulated in CNTs‐reinforced polyacrylonitrile (PAN) core‐shell electrospinning nanofiber mats and the mats were placed on carbon fibers to fabricate CF/EP composite laminates by the vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process. The results indicated that the flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, tensile modulus, and Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of composites with suitable self‐healing components increased by 49%, 44%, 8%, 13%, and 43%, respectively, compared to the pristine CF/EP. The healing flexural strength of the composite with 1 wt% CNTs recovered up to 93.57%, observed 24 h after the bending fracture, which is higher than the initial strength of CF/EP composites without self‐healing components. The research indicates that self‐healing composites can be developed without mechanical properties degrade and even achieve stronger mechanical properties.
Mechanical, thermal, and morphological behavior of pineapple leaf fibre and polylactic acid green composites fabricated by varying fiber loading, fiber length, and injection parameters
Authors: Gorrepotu Surya Rao , Debnath Kishore , Mahapatra Rabindra Narayan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this article, gray relational analysis (GRA) was carried out to study the influence of fiber length, fiber loading, and injection parameters on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the developed green composites. The green composite was developed by chemically modifying the pineapple leaf fiber (PLF). PLF was chemically treated with 1% Na2CO3 for a period of 6 h. The chemically modified PLF was chopped at a fiber length (L) of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 mm. The fiber loading (D) was also varied to 10, 20, and 30 wt% to study the effect of both fiber length and loading on the tensile and flexural properties of the PLF/PLA green composite developed through injection molding. GRA was employed to determine the optimal fiber length and fiber loading for achieving better tensile and flexural properties of PLF/PLA green composite. The injection parameters considered for producing the PLF/PLA green composite were (a) injection pressure (70, 90, and 110 bars), (b) injection speed (40, 50, and 60 mm/s), and (c) melting temperature (165, 175, and 185°C). The mechanical (tensile, flexural, compression, and shear) and thermal (TGA: thermogravimetric analysis and DTG: derivative thermogravimetric analysis) behavior of the developed PLF/PLA green composite was studied and analyzed. The morphology of the fractured specimens was also inspected using field‐emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM).
Preparation of nano‐silver coated poly(vinyl alcohol) via a heterogeneous coating system for various antimicrobial products
Authors: Nootsuwan Nollapan , Sukthavorn Kankavee , Khankhuean Anchan , Jongrungruangchok Suchada , Veranitisagul Chatchai , Laobuthee Apirat 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSilver‐coated polyvinyl alcohol (Ag/PVA) was prepared using 3,4‐dihydro‐3,6‐dimethyl‐1,3‐2H‐benzoxazine as a reducing agent reported in the petty patent of our research group. Ag/PVA22000 is applicable for making solutions and gels. Solutions of Ag/PVA22000 have exhibited antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans, while the gels inhibited only S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. Therefore, the solutions and gels tend to be used in antimicrobial sprays and gel bandages. Moreover, Ag/PVA145000 was able to form hydrogels by gamma‐ray irradiation. Therefore, the hydrogels with the lowest amount of silver were prepared from 5.0 wt.% of Ag/PVA145000 at the 20 kGy of gamma‐ray irradiation. The results illustrated that the hydrogels exhibited antimicrobial properties against S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. However, no inhibition of C. albicans was observed for any prepared hydrogels.
Effectiveness of care models for chronic disease management: A scoping review of systematic reviews
Authors: Kroenke Kurt , Corrigan John D. , Ralston Rick K. , Zafonte Ross , Brunner Robert C. , Giacino Joseph T. , Hoffman Jeanne M. , Esterov Dmitry , Cifu David X. , Mellick David C. , Bell Kathleen , Scott Steven G. , Sander Angelle M. , Hammond Flora M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct a scoping review of models of care for chronic disease management to identify potentially effective components for management of chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI).MethodsInformation sources: Systematic searches of three databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) from January 2010 to May 2021. Eligibility criteria: Systematic reviews and meta‐analyses reporting on the effectiveness of the Chronic Care Model (CCM), collaborative/integrated care, and other chronic disease management models. Data: Target diseases, model components used (n = 11), and six outcomes (disease‐specific, generic health‐related quality of life and functioning, adherence, health knowledge, patient satisfaction, and cost/health care use). Synthesis: Narrative synthesis, including proportion of reviews documenting outcome benefits.ResultsMore than half (55%) of the 186 eligible reviews focused on collaborative/integrated care models, with 25% focusing on CCM and 20% focusing on other chronic disease management models. The most common health conditions were diabetes (n = 22), depression (n = 16), heart disease (n = 12), aging (n = 11), and kidney disease (n = 8). Other single medical conditions were the focus of 22 reviews, multiple medical conditions of 59 reviews, and other or mixed mental health/behavioral conditions of 20 reviews. Some type of quality rating for individual studies was conducted in 126 (68%) of the reviews. Of reviews that assessed particular outcomes, 80% reported disease‐specific benefits, and 57% to 72% reported benefits for the other five types of outcomes. Outcomes did not differ by the model category, number or type of components, or target disease.ConclusionsAlthough there is a paucity of evidence for TBI per se, care model components proven effective for other chronic diseases may be adaptable for chronic TBI care.
Stereoregular pendant electroactive polymers with extended pendants via post‐polymerization copper catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition
Authors: Schmitt Alexander , Wan Qingpei , Thompson Barry C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecent work on non‐conjugated pendant electroactive polymers (NCPEPs) has demonstrated significant impacts of structural parameters such as backbone stereoregularity and the spacer connecting the pendant to the backbone on properties, most notably on charge carrier mobilities. Tuning of the pendant group however has not been reported for stereoregular NCPEPs. Here we present a family of novel isotactic poly((carbazolyl‐alkyl‐triazolyl)methyl methacrylates) (PCzATMMAs) for which the effects of increasing the pendant group from carbazole to 3,6‐bis(4‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐carbazole were investigated. Based on unsuccessful post‐polymerization functionalization with this extended group via previously reported transesterification and thiol‐ene methodologies, we report functionalization via copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition which was demonstrated to be highly effective. The effect of spacer length was also investigated for comparison with previously established effects with alkyl spacers. Within the family of PCzATMMAs, hole mobilities were found to increase with longer spacer length and with thermal annealing. The incorporation of an extended pendant with alkyl solubilizing chains was found to result in a lower hole mobility than the equivalent polymer with an unfunctionalized pendant group. Importantly, the copper catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition proved to be an effective method of post‐polymerization functionalization for stereoregular NCPEPs when extending beyond a simple carbazole pendant.
Using machine learning surrogate modeling for faster QSP VP cohort generation
Authors: Myers Renée C. , Augustin Florian , Huard Jérémy , Friedrich Christina M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractVirtual patients (VPs) are widely used within quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) modeling to explore the impact of variability and uncertainty on clinical responses. In one method of generating VPs, parameters are sampled randomly from a distribution, and possible VPs are accepted or rejected based on constraints on model output behavior. This approach works but can be inefficient (i.e., the vast majority of model runs typically do not result in valid VPs). Machine learning surrogate models offer an opportunity to improve the efficiency of VP creation significantly. In this approach, surrogate models are trained using the full QSP model and subsequently used to rapidly pre‐screen for parameter combinations that result in feasible VPs. The overwhelming majority of parameter combinations pre‐vetted using the surrogate models result in valid VPs when tested in the original QSP model. This tutorial presents this novel workflow and demonstrates how a surrogate model software application can be used to select and optimize the surrogate models in a case study. We then discuss the relative efficiency of the methods and scalability of the proposed method.
Multi‐model assessment of sub‐seasonal predictive skill for year‐round Atlantic–European weather regimes
Authors: Osman Marisol , Beerli Remo , Büeler Dominik , Grams Christian M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe prediction skill of sub‐seasonal forecast models is evaluated for seven year‐round weather regimes in the Atlantic–European region. Reforecasts based on models from three prediction centers are considered and verified against weather regimes obtained from ERA‐Interim reanalysis. Results show that predicting weather regimes as a proxy for the large‐scale circulation outperforms the prediction of raw geopotential height. Greenland blocking tends to have the longest year‐round skill horizon for all three models, especially in winter. On the other hand, the skill is lowest for the European blocking regime for all three models, followed by the Scandinavian blocking regime. Furthermore, all models struggle to forecast flow situations that cannot be assigned to a weather regime (so‐called no regime), in comparison with weather regimes. Related to this, variability in the occurrence of no regime, which is most frequent in the transition seasons, partly explains the predictability gap between transition seasons and winter and summer. We also show that models have difficulties in discriminating between related regimes. This can lead to misassignments in the predicted regime during flow situations in which related regimes manifest. Finally, we document the changes in skill between model versions, showing important improvements for the ECMWF and NCEP models. This study is the first multi‐model assessment of year‐round weather regimes in the Atlantic–European domain. It advances our understanding of the predictive skill for weather regimes, reveals strengths and weaknesses of each model, and thus increases our confidence in the forecasts and their usefulness for decision‐making.
Jet stream dynamics from a potential vorticity gradient perspective: The method and its application to a kilometre‐scale simulation
Authors: Bukenberger Mona , Rüdisühli Stefan , Schemm Sebastian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe influence of adiabatic and diabatic processes on the midlatitude circulation is a formidable research question, especially considering their projected changes under global warming. This study presents the prospects, merits, and caveats of a potential vorticity (PV) gradient perspective as a means to disentangle the contributions of adiabatic and diabatic processes affecting the midlatitude circulation. Theoretical considerations reassess the link between the PV gradient and the jet stream. They reveal that the maximum isentropic PV gradient is consistently located on the stratospheric side of the jet, whereas the gradient of is shifted to the tropospheric side but, in general, is better aligned with the jet axis. The stratospheric shift of the PV gradient results from variations in stability across the tropopause, whereas the tropospheric shift of the gradient results from variations in vorticity. Regions of high PV gradient may serve as a proxy for the curvature of the wind field in the case of sufficiently small variations in stability. Otherwise, they depict variations in both wind and thermal stratification along tropopause‐intersecting isentropic surfaces. Lagrangian “PV gradient thinking” is demonstrated in two case studies of jet streak evolution in a simulation with 1.1 km grid spacing performed with the graphics‐processing‐unit‐enabled numerical weather prediction model Consortium for Small‐Scale Modelling featuring on‐line air parcel trajectories. Dry deformation drives the Lagrangian evolution of the PV gradient in the first case, whereas there is a pronounced influence of diabatic modification in the second case. The Lagrangian PV gradient perspective presented offers fresh insight into adiabatic and diabatic processes underlying the midlatitude circulation variability and change.
Variable selection wrapper in presence of correlated input variables for random forest models
Authors: Rotari Marta , Kulahci Murat 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn most data analytic applications in manufacturing, understanding the data‐driven models plays a crucial role in complementing the engineering knowledge about the production process. Identifying relevant input variables, rather than only predicting the response through some “black‐box” model, is of great interest in many applications. There is, therefore, a growing focus on describing the contributions of the input variables to the model in the form of “variable importance”, which is readily available in certain machine learning methods such as random forest (RF). Once a ranking based on the importance measure of the variables is established, the question of how many variables are truly relevant in predicting the output variable rises. In this study, we focus on the Boruta algorithm, which is a wrapper around the RF model. It is a variable selection tool that assesses the variable importance measure for the RF model. It has been previously shown in the literature that the correlation among the input variables, which is often a common occurrence in high dimensional data, distorts and overestimates the importance of variables. The Boruta algorithm is also affected by this resulting in a larger set of input variables deemed important. To overcome this issue, in this study, we propose an extension of the Boruta algorithm for the correlated data by exploiting the conditional importance measure. This extension greatly improves the Boruta algorithm in the case of high correlation among variables and provides a more precise ranking of the variables that significantly contribute to the response. We believe this approach can be used in many industrial applications by providing more transparency and understanding of the process.
High Orbital‐Moment Cooper Pairs by Crystalline Symmetry Breaking
Authors: Mercaldo Maria Teresa , Ortix Carmine , Cuoco Mario 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe pairing structure of superconducting materials is regulated by the point group symmetries of the crystal. The spin‐singlet multiorbital superconductivity of materials with unusually low crystalline symmetry content can host even‐parity (s‐wave) Cooper pairs with high orbital moment. The lack of mirror and rotation symmetries makes pairing states with quintet orbital angular momentum symmetry‐allowed. A remarkable fingerprint of this type of pairing state is provided by a nontrivial superconducting phase texture in momentum space with π‐shifted domains and walls with anomalous phase winding. The pattern of the quintet pairing texture is shown to depend on the orientation of the orbital polarization and the strength of the mirror and/or rotation symmetry breaking terms. Such a momentum dependent phase makes Cooper pairs with net orbital component suited to design orbitronic Josephson effects. This study discusses how an intrinsic orbital dependent phase can set out anomalous Josephson couplings by employing superconducting leads with nonequivalent breaking of crystalline symmetry.
Distributed secure formation control for autonomous surface vessels by performance adjustable event‐triggered mechanism
Authors: Zheng Yuxin , Zhang Lei , Huang Bing , Su Yumin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article studies the secure formation control problem for autonomous surface vessels (ASVs) with directed event‐triggered communication subject to denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks. DoS attack is a type of cyber‐attacks meant to cut down a network, thus causing legitimate neighbors to lose their expected communication in the control mechanism. A distributed secure formation control algorithm (DSFCA) is proposed to mitigate the negative impact of DoS attacks. Specifically, a model‐based dynamic event‐triggered mechanism (DETM) with positive minimum inter‐event times (MIET) is developed to save communication resources. Wherein, a clock‐like dynamic is chosen to guarantee the non‐Zeno behavior and provide a positive MIET guarantee. Simultaneously, a model‐based state estimator (MBSE) is designed in DETM to reduce the effect of the error caused by DETM during the triggering interval. Furthermore, the effects of DoS attacks on the formation control systems are analyzed. Some sufficient conditions are derived, in which the upper bounds of attack duration rate and attack frequency are given. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Reclaiming hope: Subjective nearness to death as a moderator between posttraumatic stress symptoms and hope among older adults
Authors: Ring Lia , Avidor Sharon , Palgi Yuval 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPerceiving one's remaining time until death, can serve as a source of resilience when faced with adversity in the second half of life. The current work is based on a prospective study and examines whether subjective nearness‐to‐death (SNtD) moderates the association between posttraumatic‐stress symptoms (PTSS) and hope among adults in the second half of life. The first wave was conducted after the end of a military conflict in the south of Israel, and included 170 participants (M = 66.61, SD = 9.16; age range 51–91), 115 of whom also participated in Wave 2. Participants filled out self‐reported questionnaires regarding background information, PTSS, SNtD and hope. A moderation effect was found, revealing that high levels of PTSS predicted lower levels of hope among those who felt close to their death, but not among those who felt far from their death. We suggest that one's evaluation of little time remaining to live, especially in old age, may be a significant factor exacerbating the negative consequences of PTSS on hope. The importance of the results to the research field is discussed.