bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design-based composite estimation of small proportions in small domains
Authors: Čiginas Andrius 
Published: May 2023

Traditional direct estimation methods are inefficient for domains of a survey population with small sample sizes. To estimate the domain proportions, we combine the direct estimators and the regression-synthetic estimators based on domain-level auxiliary information. For the case of small true proportions, we propose the design-based linear combination that is a robust alternative to the empirical best linear unbiased predictor (EBLUP) based on the Fay–Herriot model.
We imitate the Lithuanian Labor Force Survey, where we estimate the proportions of the unemployed and employed in municipalities. We show where the proposed design-based composition and estimator of its mean square error are competitive for EBLUP and its accuracy estimation.
Petrological and geochronological investigations on the individual nappes of the Meran-Mauls nappe stack (Austroalpine unit/South Tyrol, Italy)
Authors: Pomella Hannah , Costantini Daniel , Aichholzer Paul , Reiser Martin , Schuster Ralf , Tropper Peter 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Meran-Mauls nappe stack is part of the Austroalpine unit in South Tyrol (Italy). There it holds a special position directly in front of the Southalpine Dolomites indenter and west of the Tauern Window. It is situated in the hanging wall of the Southalpine unit, above a NW dipping segment of the Periadriatic fault system, namely the Meran-Mauls fault. Also all other sides are defined by Oligocene-Miocene strike-slip and normal faults. Based on recent mapping the Meran-Mauls nappe stack consists of three nappes separated by NW to NNW dipping shear zones. The lowermost nappe in the southwest is represented by the Schenna (Scena) unit. It is overlain along the Masul shear zone by a nappe consisting of the Hirzer (Punta Cervina) unit and the Pens (Pennes) unit including Triassic (meta)sediments. Separated by the Fartleis fault the St. Leonhard (San Leonardo) unit forms the uppermost nappe. The aim of this study is to describe the individual units and the separating structural elements more properly, based on new structural, petrological, geothermobarometric and geochronological data and to compare these units to other Austroalpine elements in the vicinity. Sillimanite-bearing paragneiss, minor amphibolite and quartzite as well as a distinct marble layer close to its base characterise the Schenna unit. Further, it contains pegmatite dikes, presumably Permian in age. Amphibolite-facies P-T conditions of c. 0.55 ± 0.15 GPa and 600 ± 100°C are thus correlated with a Permian metamorphic imprint. The Masul shear zone mostly consists of mylonitic paragneiss of the Hirzer unit. It is pre-Alpine in age and probably formed during the Jurassic. For the paragneiss of the Hirzer unit upper greenschist- to amphibolite-facies metamorphic conditions of 0.4-0.50 ± 0.15 GPa and 550 ± 70°C are attributed to the Variscan tectonometamorphic imprint. The whole Pens unit represents a shear zone. Due to the occurrence of Permotriassic (meta)-sediments within this shear zone, it is an Alpine structure, as well as the bordering Fartleis fault. Rb/Sr biotite ages yield sometimes partly reset pre-Alpine age values in the whole Meran-Mauls nappe stack, indicating a pervasive anchizonal to lowermost greenschist-facies metamorphic overprint during the Eoalpine tectonometamorphic event. Tectonostratigraphically the Meran-Mauls nappe stack can be attributed to the Drauzug-Gurktal nappe system. The latter forms the uppermost structural element of the Austroalpine nappe stack and thus only shows a weak Eoalpine metamorphic overprint. With respect to its special lithologic composition the Schenna unit can be correlated with the Tonale unit in the southwest and the Strieden-Komplex in the east.
How Does Thermal Pressurization of Pore Fluids Affect 3D Strike-Slip Earthquake Dynamics and Ground Motions?
Authors: Vyas Jagdish Chandra , Gabriel Alice-Agnes , Ulrich Thomas , Mai Paul Martin , Ampuero Jean-Paul 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTFrictional heating during earthquake rupture raises the fault-zone fluid pressure, which affects dynamic rupture and seismic radiation. Here, we investigate two key parameters governing thermal pressurization of pore fluids – hydraulic diffusivity and shear-zone half-width – and their effects on earthquake rupture dynamics, kinematic source properties, and ground motions. We conduct 3D strike-slip dynamic rupture simulations assuming a rate-and-state dependent friction law with strong velocity weakening coupled to thermal-pressurization of pore fluids. Dynamic rupture evolution and ground shaking are densely evaluated across the fault and Earth’s surface to analyze the variations of rupture parameters (slip, peak slip rate, rupture speed, and rise time), correlations among rupture parameters, and variability of peak ground velocity. Our simulations reveal how variations in thermal-pressurization affect earthquake rupture properties. We find that the mean slip and rise time decrease with increasing hydraulic diffusivity, whereas mean rupture speed and peak slip-rate remain almost constant. Mean slip, peak slip-rate, and rupture speed decrease with increasing shear-zone half-width, whereas mean rise time increases. Shear-zone half-width distinctly affects the correlation between rupture parameters, especially for parameter pairs (slip, rupture speed), (peak slip-rate, rupture speed), and (rupture speed, rise time). Hydraulic diffusivity has negligible effects on these correlations. Variations in shear-zone half-width primarily impact rupture speed, which then may affect other rupture parameters. We find a negative correlation between slip and peak slip-rate, unlike simpler dynamic rupture models. Mean peak ground velocities decrease faster with increasing shear-zone half-width than with increasing hydraulic diffusivity, whereas ground-motion variability is similarly affected by both the parameters. Our results show that shear-zone half-width affects rupture dynamics, kinematic rupture properties, and ground shaking more strongly than hydraulic diffusivity. We interpret the importance of shear-zone half-width based on the characteristic time of diffusion. Our findings may inform pseudodynamic rupture generators and guide future studies on how to account for thermal-pressurization effects.
Evaluasi pembelajaran Sosiologi masa PTMT kelas XII SMA Negeri 2 Malang Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021
Authors: Laili Ayu Afrida , Purwasih Joan Hesti Gita , Fibrianto Alan Sigit 
Published: May 2023

This study aims to explain the phenomenon of the Sociology learning process in SMA Negeri 2 Malang during the Limited Face-to-face Meeting (PTMT). Evaluation is important because the change in the system has an impact on the learning process. This type of research is a mix method. The research subjects included students of class XII majoring in Social Studies for the academic year 2020/2021. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and questionnaires. The results showed that the sociology learning process experienced several problems. This problem was reinforced by the results of the questionnaire which showed that about 93.1 percent of students experienced some difficulties in understanding the material. Thus, an evaluation related to the learning process is needed to revise appropriate education policies.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan fenomena proses pembelajaran Sosiologi di SMA Negeri 2 Malang masa Pertemuan Tatap Muka Terbatas (PTMT). Evaluasi penting dilakukan karena adanya pergantian sistem memberikan dampak terhadap proses pembelajaran. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah mix methode. Subjek penelitian mencakup peserta didik kelas XII jurusan IPS tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan penyebaran kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pembelajaran sosiologi mengalami beberapa permasalahan. Permasalahan tersebut diperkuat dengan hasil kuesioner yang menunjukkan sekitar 93,1 persen peserta didik mengalami beberapa kesulitan dalam memahami materi. Dengan demikian, evaluasi terkait proses pembelajaran diperlukan untuk mematangkan kembali kebijakan pendidikan yang sesuai.
Konstruksi sosial Komunitas Punk dan perilaku remaja di Desa Karangkates Kecamatan Sumberpucung Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Efendi Lutfi , Sukamto Sukamto , Eskasasnanda I Dewa Putu , Towaf Siti Malikhah 
Published: May 2023

This study was conducted to describe and explain several things regarding (1) how the characteristics of teenagers who follow the Punk community in Karangkates Village, Sumberpucung District, Malang Regency; (2) the ideology applied by the Punk community in Karangkates Village, Sumberpucung District, Malang Regency; and (3) how are the social construction of the Punk community and adolescent behavior in Karangkates Village, Sumberpucung District, Malang Regency. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of case study research. The results showed that: (1) the characteristics of a teenager who joined the Punk community were the majority of men, aged 20-23 years. The background of teenagers following the Punk community has several factors, including family circumstances, school conditions, living environment, interest in Punk appearances, the freedom offered, and the art of Punk music. (2) The ideology applied by the Punk community in Karangkates Village is freedoms, do it yourself (independence), anti-capitalist, and anti-establishment attitude. (3) Changes in the behavior of teenagers who follow the Punk community are feeling more independent, free, have skills, and have responsibility.
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan serta menjelaskan beberapa hal mengenai (1) bagaimana karakteristik remaja yang mengikuti komunitas Punk di Desa Karangkates Kecamatan Sumberpucung Kabupaten Malang; (2) ideologi yang diterapkan komunitas Punk di Desa Karangkates Kecamatan Sumberpucung Kabupaten Malang; serta (3) bagaimana konstruksi sosial komunitas Punk dan perilaku remaja di Desa Karangkates Kecamatan Sumberpucung Kabupaten Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) karakteristik seorang remaja yang mengikuti komunitas Punk adalah mayoritas laki-laki, dengan usia 20-23 tahun. Latar belakang remaja mengikuti komunitas Punk ada beberapa faktor, di antaranya adalah keadaan keluarga, keadaan sekolah, lingkungan tempat tinggal, ketertarikan penampilan Punk, kebebasan yang ditawarkan, dan seni musik Punk. (2) Ideologi yang diterapkan komunitas Punk di Desa Karangkates adalah freedoms (kebebasan), do it yourself (kemandirian), anti kapitalis, dan sikap anti kemapanan. (3) Perubahan perilaku remaja yang mengikuti komunitas Punk adalah merasa lebih mandiri, bebas, memiliki skill, dan memiliki tanggung jawab.
Pengelolaan objek wisata pertambangan minyak Desa Wonocolo Kecamatan Kedewan Kabupaten Bojonegoro
Authors: Damayanti Ratna , Ruja I Nyoman , Eskasasnanda I Dewa Putu , Sukamto Sukamto 
Published: May 2023

This research is intended to (1) What is the reason behind the development of Wonocolo Village as an oil drilling tourism spot? (2) What are the main attractions of Wonocolo Village as an oil drilling tourism spot? (3) How is the oil drilling tourism spot in Wonocolo Village, Kedewan Sub-district, Bojonegoro District being developed? A descriptive qualitative research is carried out by the researcher. The research is held in Wonocolo Village, Kedewan Sub-district, Bojonegoro District. The result of the research shows: (1) Due to the oil shortage in the oil well, the oil well in Wonocolo Village is later developed into a tourism spot renamed as Teksas Wonocolo, or The Little Texas Wonocolo, as an alternative source of income for the local residents. (2) The main attractions of Teksas Wonocolo, or The Little Texas Wonocolo as a tourism spot are the oil well and shelters for tourists. (3) The development of Teksas Wonocolo, or The Little Texas Wonocolo, is based on CBT (Community Based Tourism). (4) The lack of cooperation among the local residents, Pertamina and local government becomes an obstacle in the development process.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (1) latar belakang pertambangan minyak di Desa Wonocolo Kecamatan Kedewan Kabupaten Bojonegoro sebagai objek wisata; (2) daya tarik objek wisata pertambangan minyak di Desa Wonocolo Kecamatan Kedewan Kabupaten Bojonegoro; dan (3) bentuk pengelolaan objek wisata pertambangan minyak di Desa Wonocolo Kecamatan Kedewan Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Penelitian dilakukan di pertambangan minyak Desa Wonocolo Kecamatan Kedewan Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) pertambangan minyak di Desa Wonocolo Kecamatan Kedewan Kabupaten Bojonegoro dijadikan sebagai objek wisata dikarenakan cadangan minyak di Desa Wonocolo semakin habis (2) daya tarik objek wisata pertambangan minyak di Desa Wonocolo berasal dari sumur-sumur tua pertambangan minyak, bukit selfie, dan rumah singgah (3) objek wisata pertambangan minyak di Desa Wonocolo dikelola oleh masyarakat (Community Based Tourism) (4) pengelolaan Teksas Wonocolo memiliki beberapa kendala yang dikarenakan kurangnya kerjasama antara masyarakat, Pertamina, dan pemerintah daerah.
Persepsi petani terhadap penggunaan mekanisasi pertanian di Desa Kedungrejo Kecamatan Jabon Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Ramadhan Rachmad Nuzulmi , Ruja I Nyoman , Purnomo Agus , Sukamto Sukamto 
Published: May 2023

Technological developments ultimately encourage farmers to switch from using traditional tools to modern tools or agricultural mechanization. The use of agricultural mechanization has had a wide impact on farmers. The method used in this article is a qualitative article method with interactive analysis. The analysis phase used is data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The location of the article is in Kedungrejo Village, Jabon District, Sidoarjo Regency. The empirical studies used in this article are green revolution, modernization, and social change. The results of this article indicate that agricultural mechanization causes social changes in farmers, the changes that occur are changes in perception were at first the farmer's conflict. However, over time, farmers finally accepted agricultural mechanization. The factors behind farmers' acceptance are education in the form of socialization and cost factors in the form of decreasing production costs.
Perkembangan teknologi pada akhirnya mendorong petani untuk beralih dari penggunaan alat tradisional menuju alat-alat modern atau mekanisasi pertanian. Penggunaan mekanisasi pertanian telah membawa dampak yang luas bagi petani. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah metode artikel kualitatif dengan analisis interaktif. Tahap analisis yang digunakan adalah, pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Lokasi artikel berada di Desa Kedungrejo Kecamatan Jabon Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Kajian empiris yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah revolusi hijau, modernisasi, dan perubahan sosial. Hasil dari artikel ini menunjukkan adanya mekanisasi pertanian menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan sosial pada petani, perubahan yang terjadi adalah perubahan persepsi di mana pada awalnya petani melakukan pertentangan. Namun, seiring berjalannya waktu pada akhirnya petani menerima adanya mekanisasi pertanian. Faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi penerimaan petani adalah faktor edukasi berupa sosialisasi serta faktor biaya berupa penurunan biaya produksi.
Pekerja anak di sektor informal: Studi tentang motif dan proses anak bekerja pada sektor informal di Kota Malang
Authors: Arlinda Arlinda , Hadi Nur , Widianto Ahmad Arif 
Published: May 2023

The presence of children who bear the obligation to work and become underage child labor is not something new. The phenomenon of child labor is still a global problem, especially in urban areas. Many jobs in urban areas lead to the type of work in the informal sector. Based on the background of the problem, the focus of the problem in this study focuses on explaining the reasons why children are motivated and involved to become informal sector workers in Malang and the process of children becoming workers in the informal sector. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach and type of descriptive research. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation taken in the form of photos. The results of this study explain that basically children who chose to work could not be separated from the family's low socio-economic conditions which was the intrinsic factor of children becoming child laborers in the informal sector. In addition, the low quality of education caused the perception that education does not guarantee getting a fast job, therefore children decided to work earlier. The process of children becoming informal sector workers was that at the child's own willingness they chose the type of work that suited their talents. In addition, the influence of others and family livelihoods affected the type of work chosen by the child.
Kehadiran anak-anak yang memikul kewajiban untuk bekerja dan menjadi pekerja anak di bawah umur bukan menjadi suatu hal yang baru. Fenomena pekerja anak masih menjadi masalah global khususnya pada wilayah perkotaan. Pekerjaan pada wilayah perkotaan banyak mengarah pada jenis pekerjaan sektor informal. Berdasarkan latar belakang permasalahan tersebut, fokus masalah dalam penelitian ini berfokus menjelaskan alasan anak-anak terdorong dan terlibat menjadi pekerja sektor informal di kota Malang dan proses anak menjadi pekerja pada bidang sektor informal. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi yang diambil dalam bentuk foto. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa pada dasarnya anak-anak yang memilih untuk bekerja tidak terlepas dari kondisi sosial ekonomi keluarga yang rendah. Akan tetapi hal tersebut tidak terlepas dari faktor intrinsik anak memilih untuk menjadi pekerja anak di sektor informal. Selain itu, faktor rendahnya kualitas pendidikan menimbulkan presepsi bahwa pendidikan tidak menjamin mendapatkan pekerjaan dengan cepat, maka dari itu adanya anak-anak yang bekerja lebih dini. Proses anak menjadi pekerja sektor informal ialah atas keinginan anak sendiri memilih jenis pekerjaan yang sesuai dengan bakat yang dimiliki anak. Selain itu, pengaruh orang lain dan mata pencaharian keluarga mempengaruhi jenis pekerjaan yang dipilih oleh anak.
Pemanfaatan grup whatsapp sebagai media pembelajaran daring mata pelajaran PPKn kelas X di SMA Negeri 2 Bangkalan
Authors: Musahlan Aprilia Arianti , Untari Sri , Putra Surya Desismansyah Eka 
Published: May 2023

This study aims to describe the use of whatsapp groups as a medium in online learning for Civics at SMA Negeri 2 Bangkalan, the obstacles that occur in the use of whatsapp groups as online learning media for Civics subjects, and the solutions implemented to overcome obstacles. Qualitative approach and type of case study research. Sources of research data include informants, namely PPKn teachers and class X students, events, and documentation. Data collection methods include interviews, documentation, and observation. The analysis technique is a domain analysis with pattern matching in the form of an explanation or descriptive, including the expected results as a pattern, a comparison explanation as a pattern, finally a simpler pattern. The results showed that the use of whatsapp groups in online learning for Civics Class X at SMA Negeri 2 Bangkalan, which made it easier for students in the online learning process compared to other application media. Barriers to the use of WhatsApp groups include internet network disturbances, phone memory full, and decreased student motivation. Efforts in overcoming obstacles are to give time for collecting assignments, occasionally doing group video calls between teachers and students, deleting files that are not needed, and teachers doing learning variations.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemanfaatan grup whatsapp sebagai media pembelajaran daring mata pelajaran PPKn di SMA Negeri 2 Bangkalan, hambatan yang terjadi dalam pemanfaatan grup whatsapp sebagai media pembelajaran daring mata pelajaran PPKn, dan solusi untuk mengatasi hambatan. Pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Sumber data penelitian meliputi informan yaitu guru PPKn dan siswa kelas X, peristiwa, dan dokumentasi. Metode pengumpulan data meliputi wawancara, dokumentasi, dan observasi. Teknik analisis yaitu analisis domain dengan pencocokan pola yang berupa penjelasan atau deskriptif, meliputi hasil yang diharapkan sebagai pola, penjelasan pembanding sebagai pola, terakhir pola yang lebih sederhana. Hasil penelitian bahwa pemanfataan grup whatsapp dalam pembelajaran daring mata pelajaran PPKn kelas X di SMA Negeri 2 Bangkalan yaitu memudahkan peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran daring dibandingkan dengan media aplikasi lain. Hambatan dalam pemanfaatan grup whatsapp adanya gangguan jaringan internet, memori HP penuh, dan motivasi siswa menurun. Upaya dalam mengatasi hambatan yaitu memberikan keringanan waktu pengumpulan tugas, sesekali melakukan video call group antara guru dengan siswa, menghapus file yang tidak diperlukan, dan guru melakukan variasi pembelajaran.