bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between social determinants of health and hospitalization among American Indian and Alaska native older adults with and without dementia
Authors: Abdulsalam Ruqoyat , O'Connell Joan , Jiang Luohua , Grau Laura 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults are at high risk for dementia, little is known about their hospital inpatient utilization. AI/ANs who access health services through the Indian Health Service and Tribal health programs experience disparities in income, education, and health care access. The aim of this study is to examine patient characteristics, including social determinations of health (SDOH), that are associated with having one or more hospital admissions among AI/AN adults aged 65+ years, and to understand how dementia influences their risk of hospitalization.MethodWe analyzed fiscal year 2013 hospital utilization data from Indian Health Service and Tribal health programs for 19,025 AI/AN adults aged ≥65 years who lived in 31 counties across 12 project sites. Among these adults, 1,464 had dementia. We estimated a logistic regression model, with project site fixed‐effects and county‐level random effects, to examine associations between health status, health coverage, and 3 SDOH (educational attainment, household income, and geographical access to hospital facilities) with being hospitalized 1+ times during the year.ResultThe odds of hospitalization were higher for patients with dementia (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.56; 95% CI: 2.19‐3.01, p<0.01), than those without dementia. Having cardiovascular disease (OR = 3.46; 95% CI: 3.05‐3.92, p< 0.01) and liver disease (OR = 3.74; 95% CI: 3.15‐4.43, p<0.01) also increased the odds of hospitalization. Adults with Medicaid coverage, compared to those without, had higher odds of hospitalization (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.16‐1.59, p<0.01). While living in a county with lower educational attainment increased the odds of hospitalization (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.05, p< 0.05), living in a county with a lower household income had no association. Patients with travel time >45 minutes from their community to a hospital, compared to 15 minutes or less, had lower odds of hospitalization (OR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.55‐0.72, p< 0.01).ConclusionUnderstanding and addressing SDOH associated with hospitalizations among AI/AN older adults, with and without dementia, may aid in the development of strategies that reduce preventable hospitalization. In‐depth studies are needed to understand the health risks of AI/AN with dementia who have Medicaid coverage and who live far from hospital services.
Influence of Hypoglycemia on Subcellular Distribution of Phosphorylated Tau Threonine 181 and Phosphorylated Serine 199/202 within Hippocampal astrocytes
Authors: Komiskey Harold Louis , Peffley Dennis , Dang Tu , McLain Jade , McGallagher Daniella 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has a substantial focus on the buildup of beta‐amyloid plaques (Aβ) and phosphorylated Tau protein tangles, in which astrocytes are involved in the clearance of these plaques and tangles. In addition, a large prospective study of type II diabetic patients that experienced hypoglycemia showed a significantly higher incidence of dementia. Furthermore, there was a significant linear association between increased frequency of hypoglycemia and an increased risk of dementia. Recently, studies have shown a correlation between early onset of type II diabetes and subsequent development of dementia.MethodIn the current experiments, embryonic hippocampal rat astrocytes were cultured in complete media (high‐glucose, electrolytes, and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The incubator for cell cultures was maintained at 37 C, 95% humidity, until 85% confluent. The astrocytes were then resuspended in the above media or the same media with the glucose concentration reduced to 30%. Pterostilbene and sulforaphane was dissolved with Captisol® to increase their entry into the astrocytes. Visualizing tau microtubules in vitro was accomplished via utilization of antibodies specific to the tau protein and a Confocal Microscope. Experiments were performed to determine the possible altered distribution of phosphorylated tau at threonine 181(ptau181) and Ser199/Ser202 within the astrocytes.ResultThe levels of phosphorylation of tau were higher in the cells containing lower concentrations of glucose. In addition, astrocytes exposed to low glucose showed higher levels of phosphorylated tau at threonine 181(ptau181) in subcellular fluid, while cells pretreated with low glucose showed higher levels of phosphorylated tau at Ser199/Ser202 in mitochondria and/or nuclei.ConclusionThe subcellular distribution of phosphorylated tau at threonine 181(ptau181) and Ser199/Ser202 within the astrocytes exposed to low glucose media was different.
IGF‐I modulation of emotion and social interaction through Locus Coeruleus in aging and AD mice
Authors: Zegarra‐Valdivia Jonathan Adrian , Fernandez Jansen , Nuñez Angel , Torres‐Alemán Ignacio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundInsulin‐like Growth Factor I (IGF‐I) is a peptide involved in many processes in the brain. Recently, we described how IGF‐I modulates sleep behavior, response to stress, and its role in cognition through cholinergic, orexinergic, and locus coeruleus nuclei. Nonetheless, IGF‐I modulation of social behavior remains explored, especially during aging and Alzheimer’s disease pathology. This study aims to determine how IGF‐I modulates emotion and social behavior through Locus Coeruleus activity in young (<6m), middle‐aged (<12m, and old control (>18m), transgenic APP/PS1 and DPS‐4 mice, from the same ages.MethodWe use extensive behavioral testing of cognition (Y Maze spontaneous activity) and emotion (Forced Swim Test, Elevated Plus Maze), social interaction (Social affiliation and social novelty/Preference), and another test. We also use electrophysiology to determine LC responses to IGF‐I as DPS‐4 neurotoxin to evaluate the role of LC in emotion and social interaction.ResultsWe now report that social behavior is reduced through aging in control mice, even after the cognitive decline. Moreover, APP/PS1 present similar social interaction alterations to old C57 mice (>18m). Further, the activation of electrically stimulated LH neurons by local IGF‐I in young mice was reduced in middle‐aged and aged mice. Middle‐age C57 mice injected with DSP‐4 mice and APP/PS1 present disrupted social behavior and LC activity.ConclusionConsequently, IGF‐I can activate and modulate LC responses with our results. Social and emotional disturbances may be related to IGF‐I resistance in LC, reflecting a broader loss of IGF‐I activity in the aged mouse brain.
Lesion Network Mapping for Neurological Deficit in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Ding Lingling , Liu Hao , Jing Jing , Jiang Yong , Meng Xia , Chen Yaojing , Zhao Xingquan , Niu Haijun , Liu Tao , Wang Yongjun , Li Zixiao 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveTo create a comprehensive map of strategic lesion network localizations for neurological deficits, and identify prognostic neuroimaging biomarkers to facilitate the early detection of patients with a high risk of poor functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS).MethodsIn a large‐scale multicenter study of 7,807 patients with AIS, we performed voxel‐based lesion‐symptom mapping, functional disconnection mapping (FDC), and structural disconnection mapping (SDC) to identify distinct lesion and network localizations for National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Impact scores were calculated based on the odds ratios or t‐values of voxels from voxel‐based lesion‐symptom mapping, FDC, and SDC results. Ordinal regression models were used to investigate the predictive value of the impact scores on functional outcome (defined as the modified Rankin score at 3 months).ResultsWe constructed lesion, FDC, and SDC maps for each item of the NIHSS score, which provided insights into the neuroanatomical substrate and network localization of neurological function deficits after AIS. The lesion impact score of limb ataxia, the SDC impact score of limb deficit, and FDC impact score of sensation and dysarthria were significantly associated with modified Rankin Scale at 3 months. Adding the SDC impact score, FDC impact score, and lesion impact score to the NIHSS total score improved the performance in predicting functional outcomes, as compared with using the NIHSS score alone.InterpretationWe constructed comprehensive maps of strategic lesion network localizations for neurological deficits that were predictive of functional outcomes in AIS. These results may provide specifically localized targets for future neuromodulation therapies. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:572–584
Modular‐Approach Synthesis of Giant Molecule Acceptors via Lewis‐Acid‐Catalyzed Knoevenagel Condensation for Stable Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Fu Hongyuan , Zhang Ming , Zhang Youdi , Wang Qingyuan , Xu Zheng'ao , Zhou Qiuju , Li Zhengkai , Bai Yang , Li Yongfang , Zhang Zhi‐Guo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe operational stability of polymer solar cells is a critical concern with respect to the thermodynamic relaxation of acceptor‐donor‐acceptor (A‐D‐A) or A‐DA'D‐A structured small‐molecule acceptors (SMAs) within their blends with polymer donors. Giant molecule acceptors (GMAs) bearing SMAs as subunits offer a solution to this issue, while their classical synthesis via the Stille coupling suffers from low reaction efficiency and difficulty in obtaining mono‐brominated SMA, rendering the approach impractical for their large‐scale and low‐cost preparation. In this study, we present a simple and cost‐effective solution to this challenge through Lewis acid‐catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation with boron trifluoride etherate (BF3 ⋅ OEt2) as catalyst. We demonstrated that the coupling of the monoaldehyde‐terminated A‐D‐CHO unit and the methylene‐based A‐link‐A (or its silyl enol ether counterpart) substrates can be quantitatively achieved within 30 minutes in the presence of acetic anhydride, affording a variety of GMAs connected via the flexible and conjugated linkers. The photophysical properties was fully studied, yielding a high device efficiency of over 18 %. Our findings offer a promising alternative for the modular synthesis of GMAs with high yields, easier work up, and the widespread application of such methodology will undoubtedly accelerate the progress of stable polymer solar cells.
A General Light‐Driven Organocatalytic Platform for the Activation of Inert Substrates
Authors: Wu Shuo , Schiel Florian , Melchiorre Paolo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDue to their strong covalent bonds and low reduction potentials, activating inert substrates is challenging. Recent advances in photoredox catalysis offered a number of solutions, each of which useful for activating specific inert bonds. Developing a general catalytic platform that can consistently target a broad range of inert substrates would be synthetically useful. Herein, we report a readily available indole thiolate organocatalyst that, upon excitation with 405 nm light, acquires a strongly reducing power. This excited‐state reactivity served to activate, by single‐electron reduction, strong C−F, C−Cl, and C−O bonds in both aromatic and aliphatic substrates. This catalytic platform was versatile enough to promote the reduction of generally recalcitrant electron‐rich substrates (Ered<−3.0 V vs SCE), including arenes that afforded 1,4‐cyclohexadienes. The protocol was also useful for the borylation and phosphorylation of inert substrates with a high functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies identified an excited‐state thiolate anion as responsible of the highly reducing reactivity.
Electroreductive Cross‐Electrophile Coupling (eXEC) Reactions
Authors: Liu Yaowen , Li Pengfei , Wang Yanwei , Qiu Youai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractElectrochemistry utilizes electrons as a potent, controllable, and traceless alternative to chemical oxidants or reductants, and typically offers a more sustainable option for achieving selective organic synthesis. Recently, the merger of electrochemistry with readily available electrophiles has been recognized as a viable and increasingly popular methodology for efficiently constructing challenging C−C and C‐heteroatom bonds in a sustainable manner for complex organic molecules. In this mini‐review, we have systematically summarized the most recent advances in electroreductive cross‐electrophile coupling (eXEC) reactions during the last decade. Our focus has been on readily available electrophiles, including aryl and alkyl organic (pseudo)halides, as well as small molecules such as CO2, SO2, and D2O.
Unprecedented Chiral Three‐dimensional Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Perovskitoids
Authors: Guan Qianwen , Zhu Tingting , Zhu Zeng‐Kui , Ye Huang , You Shihai , Xu Peng , Wu Jianbo , Niu Xinyi , Zhang Chengshu , Liu Xitao , Luo Junhua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChiral three‐dimensional hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (3D HOIPs) would show unique chiroptoelectronic performance due to the combination of chirality and 3D structure. However, the synthesis of 3D chiral HOIPs remains a significant challenge. Herein, we constructed a pair of unprecedented 3D chiral halide perovskitoids (R/S‐BPEA)EA6Pb4Cl15 (1‐R/S) (R/S‐BPEA=(R/S)‐1‐4‐Bromophenylethylammonium, EA=ethylammonium), in which the large chiral cations can be contained in the big “hollow” inorganic frameworks induced by mixing cations. Notably, 3D 1‐R/S shows natural chiroptical activity, as evidenced by its significant mirror circular dichroism spectra and the ability to distinguish circularly polarized light. Moreover, based on the unique 3D structure, 1‐S presents sensitive X‐ray detection performance with a low detection limit of 398 nGyair s−1, which is 14 times lower than the regular medical diagnosis of 5.5 μGyair s−1. In this work, 3D chiral halide perovskitoids provide a new route to develop chiral material in spintronics and optoelectronics.
Silane coupling agent and carboxymethyl chitosan co‐modified boron nitride for preparing silicone acrylic emulsion‐based flame‐retarding coatings
Authors: Wang Ya‐chao , Xue Jing‐jing , Yu Kang , Li Fan , Xie Jin , Zhao Jiang‐ping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHerein, the synergistic effect of the silane coupling agent (KH550) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) co‐modified boron nitride (BN) on the fireproof property of silicone acrylic emulsion‐based composite is investigated to explore halogen‐free coatings for flame‐retarding plywood. Firstly, KH550 and CMCS co‐modified BN improves its compatibility with the silicone acrylic emulsion. The results show that an appropriate loading of BN (2 wt%) enhances flame retardancy. The peak‐heat release rate decreases from 86.01 to 54.95 kW m−2, with the reduced fire growth index decreasing from 0.31 to 0.16 kW m−2 s−1, and the average effective heat of combustion drops from 0.99 to 0.85 kW g−1. Meanwhile, the x‐ray diffraction results demonstrate that the co‐modified BN reacts with the phosphoric acid generated by APP decomposition and transforms into BPO4, enhances the thermal insulation of the coating. The pyrolysis kinetics confirms that the co‐modified BN increases Eα at 300–380°C by 23.4% and Eα at 380–430°C by 21.5%. The water contact angle clarifies that the co‐modified BN significantly imparts higher water resistance to the coating. Generally, the high thermal conductivity of co‐modified BN effectively achieves heat dissipation and facilitates the uniform charring of the composite coating, leading to the as‐formed resilient residues for blocking flame development.
A field‐capable rapid plant DNA extraction protocol using microneedle patches for botanical surveying and monitoring
Authors: Selz Jonathan , Adam Nicolas R. , Magrini Céline E. M. , Montandon Fulvia Malvido , Buerki Sven , Maerkl Sebastian J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPremiseA novel protocol for rapid plant DNA extraction using microneedles is proposed, which supports botanic surveys, taxonomy, and systematics. This protocol can be conducted in the field with limited laboratory skills and equipment. The protocol is validated by sequencing and comparing the results with QIAGEN spin‐column DNA extractions using BLAST analyses.Methods and ResultsTwo sets of DNA extractions were conducted on 13 species spanning various leaf anatomies and phylogenetic lineages: (i) fresh leaves were punched with custom polymeric microneedle patches to recover genomic DNA, or (ii) QIAGEN DNA extractions. Three plastid (matK, rbcL, and trnH‐psbA) and one nuclear ribosomal (ITS) DNA regions were amplified and sequenced using Sanger or nanopore technology. The proposed method reduced the extraction time to 1 min and yielded the same DNA sequences as the QIAGEN extractions.ConclusionsOur drastically faster and simpler method is compatible with nanopore sequencing and is suitable for multiple applications, including high‐throughput DNA‐based species identifications and monitoring.
Selective Sensing of Epinephrine by Phenylboronic Acid Tethered Carbon Dot
Authors: Pal Sudeshna , Jana Madhurima , Chowdhury Monalisa , Kumar Das Prasanta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe present work depicts development of phenylboronic acid (PBA) derived and appended carbon dots (CD1‐PBAs) to detect epinephrine with high sensitivity and selectivity against structurally analogous biomolecules like norepinephrine, L‐Dopa and glucose. Carbon dots were synthesized by hydrothermal method. Microscopic and spectroscopic studies ensured the suitability of CD1‐PBAs for diol sensing. Catecholic‐OH groups of epinephrine primarily form covalent adduct with CD1‐PBAs via boronate‐diol linkage that caused change in absorption intensity of CD1‐PBAs. The limit of detection (LOD) for epinephrine was found to be 2.0 nM. For other analogous biomolecules, formation of boronate‐diol linkage might have got retarded by the dominant participation of secondary interactions like hydrogen bonding owing to the presence of varying functional moieties. Subsequently, responsiveness in the change in absorbance intensity of CD1‐PBAs was weaker compared to that for epinephrine. Hence, a selective and efficient carbon dot (CD1‐PBAs) based epinephrine sensor was developed simply by utilizing boronate‐diol linkage.
MXene‐based Materials for Water Splitting: Synthesis and Modification
Authors: An Cuihua , Dong DiDi , Wu Shuai , Gao Lingxiao , Chen Xiaodong , Jiao Penggang , Deng Qibo , Li Junsheng , Hu Ning 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith abundant metal site and tunable electronic structure, MXene is considered as a promising electrocatalyst for the conversion of energy molecules. In this review, the latest research progress on inexpensive MXene‐based catalysts for water electrolysis is summarized. Typical preparation and modification methods and their advantages and disadvantages are briefly discussed, with a focus on the regulation and design of the surface interface electronic states, which improve the electrocatalytic performance of MXene‐based materials. The main strategies for the electronic state modification include end‐group modification, heteroatom doping, and heterostructure construction. Some limitations of MXene‐based materials, which should be considered in the rational design of advanced MXene‐based electrocatalyst, are also discussed. Finally, prospects for the rational design of Mxene‐based electrocatalysts is proposed.
Cluster assignment in multi‐agent systems: Sparsity bounds and fault tolerance
Authors: Sharf Miel , Zelazo Daniel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe study cluster assignment in homogeneous diffusive multi‐agent networks. Given the number of clusters and agents within each cluster, we design the network graph ensuring the system will converge to the prescribed cluster configuration. Using recent results linking clustering and symmetries, we show that it is possible to design an oriented graph for which the action of the automorphism group of the graph has orbits of predetermined sizes, guaranteeing the network will converge to the prescribed cluster configuration. We provide bounds on the number of edges needed to construct these graphs along with a constructive approach for their generation. We also consider the robustness of the clustering process under agent malfunction.
Model‐informed drug development: The mechanistic HSK3486 physiologically based pharmacokinetic model informing dose decisions in clinical trials of specific populations
Authors: Zhang Miao , Yu Zhiheng , Liu Huan , Wang Xu , Li Haiyan , Yao Xueting , Liu Dongyang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHSK3486, a central nervous system inhibitor, has demonstrated superior anesthetic properties in comparison with propofol. Owing to the high liver extraction ratio of HSK3486 and the limited susceptibility to the multi‐enzyme inducer, rifampicin, the indicated population of HSK3486 is substantial. Nevertheless, in order to expand the population with indications, it is crucial to assess the systemic exposure of HSK3486 in specific populations. Moreover, the main metabolic enzyme of HSK3486 is UGT1A9, which shows a gene polymorphism in the population. Thus, to scientifically design the dose regimen for clinical trials in specific populations, a HSK3486 physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed in 2019 to support model‐informed drug development (MIDD). Several untested scenarios of HSK3486 administration in specific populations, and the effect of the UGT1A9 gene polymorphism on HSK3486 exposure were estimated as well. The predicted systemic exposure was increased slightly in patients with hepatic impairment and in the elderly, consistent with later clinical trial data. Meanwhile, there was no change in the systemic exposure of patients with severe renal impairment and in neonates. However, under the same dose, the predicted exposure of pediatric patients aged 1 month to 17 years was decreased significantly (about 21%–39%). Although these predicted results in children have not been validated by clinical data, they are comparable to clinical findings for propofol in children. The dose of HSK3486 in pediatrics may need to be increased and can be adjusted according to the predicted results. Moreover, the predicted HSK3486 systemic exposure in the obese population was increased by 28%, and in poor metabolizers of UGT1A9 might increase by about 16%–31% compared with UGT1A9 extensive metabolizers. Combined with the relatively flat exposure–response relationship for efficacy and safety (unpublished), obesity and genetic polymorphisms are unlikely to result in clinically significant changes in the anesthetic effect at the 0.4 mg/kg dose in adults. Therefore, MIDD can indeed provide supportive information for dosing decisions and facilitate the efficient and effective development of HSK3486.
Thermoluminescence studies of zinc borate (ZnB2O4) phosphor doped with rare earths for dosimetric aspects
Authors: Joseph Tresa A. , Chopra Vibha , Dhoble Sanjay J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA series of ZnB2O4 phosphors doped with different concentrations of Eu and Dy (0.05 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 mol%) and co‐doped with Ce (1, 2, 5, 7, 10 mol%) respectively was prepared via the solid‐state reaction technique and the thermoluminescence (TL) behaviour of gamma ray‐irradiated samples was studied. The synthesized samples were irradiated with γ‐rays for the dose range 0.03–1.20 kGy. The TL intensity variations with dose, dopant concentration, and the effect of co‐doping were studied. The TL response curves for ZnB2O4:Eu3+ and ZnB2O4:Dy3+, ZnB2O4:Eu3,Ce3+ and ZnB2O4:Dy3+,Ce3+ phosphor were observed. It was revealed that ZnB2O4:Eu3+ showed a linear TL behaviour for the dose 0.03–1.20 kGy and ZnB2O4:Dy3+ showed linearity for the gamma dose range 0.03–0.10 kGy. Furthermore, fading for all the samples was observed to be less than 10% for a storage period of 30 days. In addition to this, the trapping parameters, especially activation energies were evaluated using the Ilich method and the initial rise method. The activation energy values obtained from both methods were in complete agreement with each other.