bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic: an international cross-sectional study protocol
Authors: Tanveer Sandila , Schluter Philip J , Porter Richard J , Boden Joseph , Beaglehole Ben , Sulaiman-Hill Ruqayya , Dean Shaystah , Bell Romana , Al-Hussainni Wafaa N , Arshi Maliheh , Amer Nordin Amer Siddiq , Dinç Mehmet , Khan Mussarat Jabeen , Khoshnami Mohammad Sabzi , Majid Al-Masoodi Muthana A , Moghanibashi-Mansourieh Amir , Noruzi Sara , Rahajeng Anggi , Shaikh Shaista , Tanveer Nisa , Topçu Feyza , Yapan Saadet , Yunianto Irfan , Zoellner Lori A , Bell Caroline 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic exposed people to significant and prolonged stress. The psychosocial impacts of the pandemic have been well recognised and reported in high-income countries (HICs) but it is important to understand the unique challenges posed by COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where limited international comparisons have been undertaken. This protocol was therefore devised to study the psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in seven LMICs using scales that had been designed for or translated for this purpose.Methods and analysisThis cross-sectional study uses an online survey to administer a novel COVID Psychosocial Impacts Scale (CPIS) alongside established measures of psychological distress, post-traumatic stress, well-being and post-traumatic growth in the appropriate language. Participants will include adults aged 18 years and above, recruited from Indonesia, Iraq, Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan, Somalia and Turkey, with a pragmatic target sample size of 500 in each country.Data will be analysed descriptively on sociodemographic and study variables. In addition, CPIS will be analysed psychometrically (for reliability and validity) to assess the suitability of use in a given context. Finally, within-subjects and between-subjects analyses will be carried out using multi-level mixed-effect models to examine associations between key sociodemographic and study variables.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by the Human Ethics Committee, University of Otago, New Zealand (Ref. No. 21/102). In addition, international collaborators obtained local authorisation or ethical approval in their respective host universities before data collection commenced.Participants will give informed consent before taking part. Data will be collected and stored securely on the University of Otago, New Zealand Qualtrics platform using an auto-generated non-identifiable letter-number string. Data will be available on reasonable request. Findings will be disseminated by publications in scientific journals and/or conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT05052333.
Efficacy of dopamine, epinephrine and blood transfusion for treatment of fluid refractory shock in children with severe acute malnutrition or severe underweight and cholera or other dehydrating diarrhoeas: protocol for a randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Sarmin Monira , Shaly Nusrat Jahan , Sultana Tania , Tariqujjaman Md. , Shikha Shamima Sharmin , Mariam Nafisa , Jeorge Didarul Haque , Tabassum Mosharrat , Nahar Baitun , Afroze Farzana , Shahrin Lubaba , Hossain Md. Iqbal , Alam Baharul , Faruque Abu Syed Golam , Islam M Munirul , Osmany Din-E-Mujahid Mohammad Faruqe , Ahmed Chaudhury Meshkat , Manji Karim , Kissoon Niranjan , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionDiarrhoea is one of the leading causes of under-5 childhood mortality and accounts for 8% of 5.4 million global under-5 deaths. In severely malnourished children, diarrhoea progresses to shock, where the risk of mortality is even higher. At icddr,b Dhaka Hospital, the fatality rate is as high as 69% in children with severe malnutrition and fluid refractory septic shock. To date, no study has evaluated systematically the effects of inotrope or vasopressor or blood transfusion in children with dehydrating diarrhoea (eg, in cholera) and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) or severe underweight who are in shock and unresponsive to WHO-recommended fluid therapy. To reduce the mortality of severely malnourished children presenting with diarrhoea and fluid refractory shock, we aim to compare the efficacy of blood transfusion, dopamine and epinephrine in fluid refractory shock in children who do not respond to WHO-recommended fluid resuscitation.Methods and analysisIn this randomised, three-arm, controlled, non-masked clinical trial in children 1–59 months old with SAM or severe underweight and fluid refractory shock, we will compare the efficacy of dopamine or epinephrine administration versus blood transfusion in children who failed to respond to WHO-recommended fluid resuscitation. The primary outcome variable is the case fatality rate. The effect of the intervention will be assessed by performing an intention-to-treat analysis. Recruitment and data collection began in July 2021 and are now ongoing. Results are expected by May 2023.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the icddr,b Institutional Review Board. We adhere to the ‘Declaration of Helsinki’ (2000), guidelines for Good Clinical Practice. Before enrolment, we collect signed informed consent from the parents or caregivers of the children. We will publish the results in a peer-reviewed journal and will arrange a dissemination seminar.Trial registration numberNCT04750070.
Syndemic of factors that shape the early lives of women who enter into sex work: a qualitative methods study from Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Shah Pooja , Beattie Tara S , Kabuti Rhoda , Liku Jennifer , Kung'u Mary , Babu Hellen , Jama Zaina ,   The Maisha Fiti Study Champions, Kaul Rupert , Weiss Helen Anne , Kyegombe Nambusi , Medley Graham F , Devries Karen , Gafos Mitzy , Nyariki Emily , Kimani Joshua , Seeley Janet 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo explore the structural and social co-factors that shape the early lives of women who enter sex work in Nairobi, Kenya.DesignThematic analysis of qualitative data collected as part of the Maisha Fiti study among female sex workers (FSWs) in Nairobi.Participants and measuresFSWs aged 18–45 years were randomly selected from seven Sex Workers Outreach Programme clinics in Nairobi and participated in baseline behavioural–biological surveys. Participants in this qualitative study were randomly selected from the Maisha Fiti study cohort and were interviewed between October 2019 and July 2020. Women described their lives from childhood, covering topics including sex work, violence and financial management.Results48 out of 1003 Maisha Fiti participants participated in the in-depth qualitative interviews. FSWs described how physical and sexual violence, poverty and incomplete education in their childhood and adolescence intertwined with early pregnancy, marriage, intimate partner violence and relationship breakdown in their adolescence and early adulthood. The data analysis found clear syndemic relationships between these risk factors, particularly childhood violence, poverty and incomplete education and highlighted pathways leading to financial desperation and caring for dependents, and subsequent entry into sex work. Women perceived sex work as risky and most would prefer alternative work if possible, but it provided them with some financial independence and agency.ConclusionsThis is the first study in Kenya to qualitatively explore the early lives of sex workers from a syndemic perspective. This method identified the pivotal points of (1) leaving school early due to poverty or pregnancy, (2) breakdown of early intimate relationships and (3) women caring for dependents on their own. Complex, multi-component structural interventions before these points could help increase school retention, reduce teenage pregnancy, tackle violence, support young mothers and reduce entry into sex work and the risk that it entails by expanding livelihood options.
Qualitative systematic review of general practitioners’ (GPs’) views and experiences of providing postnatal care
Authors: Macdonald Clare , MacGregor Becky , Hillman Sarah , MacArthur Christine , Bick Debra , Taylor Beck 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesDevelop an understanding of the views and experiences of general practitioners (GPs) about their role in postnatal care, including barriers and facilitators to good care, and timing and content of planned postnatal checks.DesignQualitative systematic review.Data sourcesElectronic database searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, PsychINFO from January 1990 to September 2021. Grey literature and guideline references from National Institute of Health and Care Excellence, WHO, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Royal College of General Practitioners, Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.Inclusion criteriaPapers reporting qualitative data on views and experiences of GPs about postnatal care, including discrete clinical conditions in the postnatal period. Papers were screened independently by two reviewers and disputes resolved by a third reviewer.Quality appraisalThe Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist was used to appraise studies.Data extraction and synthesisThematic synthesis involving line-by-line coding, generation of descriptive then analytical themes was conducted by the review team. The Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model was used to develop analytical themes.Results20 reports from 18 studies met inclusion criteria. Studies were published from 2008 to 2021, reporting on 469 GPs. 13 were from UK or Australia. Some also reported views of non-GP participants. The clinical focus of studies varied, for example: perinatal mental health, postnatal contraception. Five themes were generated, four mapped to COM-B: psychological capability, physical opportunity, social opportunity and motivation. One theme was separate from the COM-B model: content and timing of postnatal checks. Strong influences were in physical and social opportunity, with time and organisation of services being heavily represented. These factors sometimes influenced findings in the motivation theme.ConclusionsGPs perceived their role in postnatal care as a positive opportunity for relationship building and health promotion. Addressing organisational barriers could impact positively on GPs’ motivation to provide the best care.PROSPERO registration number268982.
Methods for evaluation of corneal nerve fibres in diabetes mellitus by in vivo confocal microscopy: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Sandvik Siv Aaseth , Sundling Vibeke , Lagali Neil 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionGlobally, 422 million people have diabetes. Late complications of diabetes are blindness, kidney failure, heart attack, stroke and lower limb amputation. The prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy is 50% and 35%, respectively. In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) is a rapid, non-invasive method to evaluate subbasal corneal nerve fibres, which are small fibres of the peripheral nervous system. Corneal nerve fibre changes can be a marker of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. There is currently no gold-standard procedure for IVCM imaging, image processing or quantitative analysis of the corneal nerve fibres in the subbasal plexus. This protocol describes a scoping review to map, summarise and critically evaluate current methods used with IVCM evaluation in people with diabetes mellitus.MethodsThe scoping review will follow Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for scoping review. A comprehensive search of the literature will be conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus and Web of Science. The search strategy will include terms related to IVCM, diabetes and corneal nerve fibres. We will set inclusion and exclusion criteria prior to the search, and two reviewers will screen titles and abstracts independently. One reviewer will full text read eligible articles and chart data from the studies. A descriptive summary of the methods used in imaging, image processing and quantitative analysis of peripheral corneal nerve fibres by IVCM will be written.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required since this is a scoping review based on previously published articles. The findings will be published in a scientific peer-reviewed journal.
Cohort profile: SUPER-Finland – the Finnish study for hereditary mechanisms of psychotic disorders
Authors: Lähteenvuo Markku , Ahola-Olli Ari , Suokas Kimmo , Holm Minna , Misiewicz Zuzanna , Jukuri Tuomas , Männynsalo Teemu , Wegelius Asko , Haaki Willehard , Kajanne Risto , Kyttälä Aija , Tuulio-Henriksson Annamari , Lahdensuo Kaisla , Häkkinen Katja , Hietala Jarmo , Paunio Tiina , Niemi-Pynttäri Jussi , Kieseppä Tuula , Veijola Juha , Lönnqvist Jouko , Isometsä Erkki , Kampman Olli , Tiihonen Jari , Hyman Steven , Neale Benjamin , Daly Mark , Suvisaari Jaana , Palotie Aarno 
Published: April 2023

PurposeSUPER-Finland is a large Finnish collection of psychosis cases. This cohort also represents the Finnish contribution to the Stanley Global Neuropsychiatric Genetics Initiative, which seeks to diversify genetic sample collection to include Asian, Latin American and African populations in addition to known population isolates, such as Finland.Participants10 474 individuals aged 18 years or older were recruited throughout the country. The subjects have been genotyped with a genome-wide genotyping chip and exome sequenced. A subset of 897 individuals selected from known population sub-isolates were selected for whole-genome sequencing. Recruitment was done between November 2015 and December 2018.Findings to date5757 (55.2%) had a diagnosis of schizophrenia, 944 (9.1%) schizoaffective disorder, 1612 (15.5%) type I or type II bipolar disorder, 532 (5.1 %) psychotic depression, 1047 (10.0%) other psychosis and for 530 (5.1%) self-reported psychosis at recruitment could not be confirmed from register data. Mean duration of schizophrenia was 22.0 years at the time of the recruitment. By the end of the year 2018, 204 of the recruited individuals had died. The most common cause of death was cardiovascular disease (n=61) followed by neoplasms (n=40). Ten subjects had psychiatric morbidity as the primary cause of death.Future plansCompare the effects of common variants, rare variants and copy number variations (CNVs) on severity of psychotic illness. In addition, we aim to track longitudinal course of illness based on nation-wide register data to estimate how phenotypic and genetic differences alter it.
Understanding the traditional values and use of okra among pregnant women in western Ethiopia: a qualitative study
Authors: Negash Kushi Efrem , Belachew Tefera , Tamiru Dessalegn 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesThis study explored the traditional values and use of okra among pregnant women, how okra plants are obtained, prepared and used by pregnant women, and the associated beliefs and meanings attached to it in western Ethiopia.DesignQualitative research.SettingRural areas of western Ethiopia.ParticipantsA purposive sampling technique was used to select a total of 86 pregnant women (14 for in-depth interviews and 72 for focus group discussions) in western Ethiopia.ResultsTraditionally okra is used as a source of income and is a common food for guests visiting homes. In line with this, pregnant women in the western part of Ethiopia mainly consumed okra pods. For future consumption and preservation for a long period, they usually transform okra into powder.ConclusionsOther parts of the okra plant rather than pods are not known as a food source and are the most neglected food sources in rural districts of western Ethiopia. The study provides evidence that supports nutritional behavioural change communication interventions on promoting the utilisation of different parts of okra and awareness creation on the nutritional values of okra.
Specific recognition of anFGFR2fusion by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes from a patient with metastatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: White Bradley Sinclair , Sindiri Sivasish , Hill Victoria , Gasmi Billel , Nah Shirley , Gartner Jared J , Prickett Todd D , Li Yong , Gurusamy Devikala , Robbins Paul , Rosenberg Steven A , Leko Vid 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundMetastatic cholangiocarcinoma (CC), a form of gastrointestinal cancer that originates from the bile ducts, cannot be cured by currently available therapies, and is associated with dismal prognosis. In a previous case report, adoptive transfer of autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), the majority of which recognized a tumor-specific point mutation, led to a profound and durable cancer regression in a patient with metastatic CC. Thus, more effective treatment for patients with this disease may be developed by using TILs that target cancer-specific mutations, but also other genetic aberrations such as gene fusions. In this context, fusions that involvefibroblast growth factor receptor 2(FGFR2) and function as oncogenes in a subset of patients with intrahepatic CC (ICC) represent particularly attractive targets for adoptive cell therapy. However, no study to date has explored whetherFGFR2fusions can be recognized by patients’ T cells.MethodTo address whetherFGFR2fusions can be recognized by patients’ T cells, we tested TILs from four patients withFGFR2fusion-positive ICC for recognition of peptides and minigenes that represented the breakpoint regions of these fusions, which were unique to each of the four patients.ResultsWe found that CD4+TILs from one patient specifically recognized the breakpoint region of a uniqueFGFR2-TDRD1 (tudor domain-containing 1)fusion, and we isolated a T-cell receptor responsible for its recognition.ConclusionsThis finding suggests thatFGFR2fusion-reactive TILs can be isolated from some patients with metastatic ICC, and thus provides a rationale for future exploration of T cell-based therapy targetingFGFR2fusions in patients with cancer. Furthermore, it augments the rationale for extending such efforts to other types of solid tumors hallmarked by oncogenic gene fusions.
Current applications using key mineral phases in igneous and metamorphic geology: perspectives for the future
Authors: Volante Silvia , Blereau Eleanore , Guitreau Martin , Tedeschi Mahyra , van Schijndel Valby , Cutts Kathryn 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The study of magmatic and metamorphic processes is challenged by geological complexities like geochemical variations, geochronological uncertainties and the presence/absence of fluids and/or melts. However, by integrating petrographic and microstructural studies with geochronology, geochemistry and phase equilibrium diagram investigations of different key mineral phases, it is possible to reconstruct insightful pressure–temperature–deformation–time histories. Using multiple geochronometers in a rock can provide a detailed temporal account of its evolution, as these geological clocks have different closure temperatures. Given the continuous improvement of existing and new
in situ
analytical techniques, this contribution provides an overview of frequently utilized petrochronometers such as garnet, zircon, titanite, allanite, rutile, monazite/xenotime and apatite, by describing the geological record that each mineral can retain and explaining how to retrieve this information. These key minerals were chosen as they provide reliable age information in a variety of rock types and, when coupled with their trace element (TE) composition, form powerful tools to investigate crustal processes at different scales. This review recommends best applications for each petrochronometer, highlights limitations to be aware of and discusses future perspectives. Finally, this contribution underscores the importance of integrating information retrieved by multi-petrochronometer studies to gain an in-depth understanding of complex thermal and deformation crustal processes.
Triple Band-Notch UWB Antenna Embedded with Slot and EBG Structures
Authors: Babu P. Raveendra , Ramakrishna D. , Ensermu Ginbar 
Published: April 2023

In this paper, a planar, compact pentagonal shaped ultrawideband antenna of microstrip line fed offering triple band-notched characteristics response is proposed and investigated. Triple band-notch response can be achieved by creating two inverted U-shaped slots of different size in pentagonal patch, and also electromagnetic band gap structure of hexagonal shape is created near the feed line of UWB antenna. To implement the proposed antenna, RT/DUROID 5880 substrate of 1.6 mm thickness is used. The designed antenna was successfully simulated, developed, and manufactured. The dimension of the suggested antenna is

36

mm
×
33

mm
×
1.6

mm

and has a bandwidth of 3.1–10.6 GHz with a magnitude of

S
11
<
−
10

dB

, the maximum pass band gain of 4.6 dB and with the exception of the 4.0–4.4 GHz (C-band satellite communication), 5.2–5.8 GHz (WLAN), and 8.0–8.25 GHz (X-band) frequency bands. The suggested antenna has a good return loss, a virtually omnidirectional radiation pattern, and a constant gain throughout operation.
Enhancing the Detection and Care of Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Primary Care: Cost-Effectiveness and Return on Investment
Authors: Marquina Clara , Morton Jedidiah , Brett Tom , Lloyd Melanie , Radford Jan , Heal Clare , Hespe Charlotte , Gill Gerard , Sullivan David , Zomer Ella , Li Ian , Pang Jing , Watts Gerald F. , Ademi Zanfina 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) is under-detected and undertreated. A general practitioner-led screening and care program for HeFH effectively identified and managed patients with HeFH. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness and the return on investment of an enhanced-care strategy for HeFH in primary care in Australia.

Methods:
We developed a multistate Markov model to estimate the outcomes and costs of a general practitioner-led detection and management strategy for HeFH in primary care compared with the standard of care in Australia. The population comprised individuals aged 50 to 80 years, of which 44% had prior cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular risk, HeFH prevalence, treatment effects, and acute and chronic health care costs were derived from published sources. The study involved screening for HeFH using a validated data-extraction tool (TARB-Ex), followed by a consultation to improve care. The detection rate of HeFH was 16%, and 74% of the patients achieved target LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Quality-adjusted life years, health care costs, productivity losses, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, and return on investment ratio were evaluated, outcomes discounted by 5% annually, adopting a health care and a societal perspective.

Results:
Over the lifetime horizon, the model estimated a gain of 870 years of life lived and 1033 quality-adjusted life years when the general practitioner-led program was employed compared with standard of care. This resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of AU$14 664/quality-adjusted life year gained from a health care perspective. From a societal perspective, this strategy, compared with standard of care was cost-saving, with a return on investment of AU$5.64 per dollar invested.

Conclusions:
An enhanced general practitioner-led model of care for HeFH is likely to be cost-effective.