bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluctuations in mHealth engagement following receipt of goal-discrepant feedback messages
Authors: Hurley Lex , O’Shea Nisha G , Nezami Brooke T , Valle Carmina G , Tate Deborah F 
Published: January 2025

Objective Digital behavior change interventions can successfully promote change in behavioral outcomes, but often suffer from steep decreases in engagement over time, which hampers their effectiveness. Providing feedback on goal performance is an established technique to promote goal attainment; however, theory indicates that sending goal-discrepant feedback messages could cause some users to respond more negatively than others. This analysis assessed whether goal-discrepant messaging was negatively associated with participant engagement, and if this relationship was exacerbated by baseline depressive symptoms within the context of a three-month weight loss pilot mHealth intervention. Methods This analysis applied a generalization of log-linear regression analysis with n = 52 participants (78.8% female, 61.5% white, ages 21–35) to assess the likelihood of reading consecutive program messages following receipt of messages with goal-discrepant content. Results Receipt of goal-discrepant messages was associated with a significantly lower likelihood (RR = 0.89) of participants reading the next program message sent, compared to receiving positive/neutral messages or no message, but these relationships were not influenced by depressive symptoms in this sample. Conclusion Feedback on goal performance remains an important behavior change technique; however, sending push messages that alert participants to their goal-discrepant status seems to reduce the likelihood that participants will read future program messages. Sending messages containing positive or neutral content does not seem to carry this negative risk among individuals in goal-discrepant states.
The Future Face of Surgery—Demographics of Students Interested in Surgery at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Birney Jalee , Vance Dylan T , Veach Jodi A. , Sanner Dixon Katelyn , Adkins Sarah E. , Wilson Sarah C. , Minchew Heather M , Baker Jordan , Chollet-Hinton Lynn , Berbel German , Kilgore Lyndsey J 
Published: January 2025

Background The demographics of medical schools reveal a growing trend towards greater gender and underrepresented in medicine (UIM) representation among students, yet surgical residency lags behind. This study explores the demographics of first-year medical students (M1s) and their initial career interests. Methods A panel of faculty physicians and fourth-year medical students in surgical and nonsurgical specialties was held for M1s during orientation week. Demographic differences and career interests were collected. Results Fifty-six M1s, 31 (55%) female and 13 (24%) UIM, attended the event. While 35 students (62.5%) reported interest in surgery, only 7 (20%) identified as UIM and 16 (46%) as female. Conclusion Initial interest in surgery is comprised of mostly male and non-UIM students. Throughout medical school, this pattern persists, with current match rates into surgery not reflecting the population of students. Focusing on initial interest to surgery is crucial as it is the foundation for the pipeline of diversifying future surgeons.
Clinical outcomes and risk factors of post-polypectomy microperforation in patients with colorectal neoplasia: a case-control study
Authors: Shin Seung Yong , Cho Min Soo , Nam Jinhoon , Kim Jie-Hyun , Yoon Young Hoon , Park Hyojin , Kang Jeonghyun , Park Jae Jun 
Published: January 2025

Background: Colonoscopic polypectomy significantly reduces the incidence of colorectal cancer, but it carries potential risks, with colonic perforation being the most common and associated with significant morbidity. Objectives: This study evaluated the clinical outcomes and risk factors of microperforation during colonoscopic polypectomy. Design: A retrospective cohort study. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the patients’ records who underwent colonoscopic polypectomy and subsequent plain radiographic examination to monitor perforation. Patients with pneumoperitoneum detected on plain radiography were enrolled. Patients who underwent adverse event-free colonoscopic polypectomies within 1 week of each case and were matched 2:1 by age and sex to the cases were selected as controls. Results: Microperforations occurred in 12 patients (8 males; age: median 64.5 years). Polyps with microperforations were more frequent in the right colon (83.3% vs 33.3%). Endoscopic mucosal resection with precutting (EMR-P; 16.7% vs 0.0%) or hot-snare polypectomy (8.3% vs 0.0%) was more frequently performed in the microperforation group. Muscle fibers at the polypectomy site were more frequently visible in the microperforation group (58.3% vs 8.3%). By multivariate analysis, right colon location and visible muscle fibers were independent risk factors for microperforation. All patients with microperforation received intravenous antibiotics and were advised to fast. Patients responded well to these conservative treatments and were discharged after a median of 3 (2–6.75) days of hospital stay. Conclusion: Our data suggest that conservative treatment is feasible and could be the primary management option for selected patients with microperforations postcolonoscopic polypectomy. Right-sided colonic polyps and visible muscle fibers predispose to microperforations.
‘I hate calling it a disability’: Exploring how labels impact adults with dyslexia through an intersectional lens
Authors: Wissell Shae , Hudson Judith , Flower Rebecca L , Goh William 
Published: January 2025

Background Limited research exists on the intricate relationship between dyslexia diagnoses and the impact of associated labels on adults. Dyslexia, affecting one in 10 adults, forming one of the largest neurodivergent groups, involves a diagnostic label that communicates difficulties but can also perpetuate stigma. This multifaceted condition includes biological, psychological, and social factors, with diverse terms used globally shaping societal perceptions. Methods This qualitative study, part of broader Australian research on dyslexic adults in employment, aims to explore preferences and perspectives on dyslexia-related labels. Involving 14 dyslexic individuals and 4 employers/managers, the study uses semi-structured interviews, employing discourse content analysis and interpretative repertoires methodology within an Intersectionality Framework. Four repertoires emerge, addressing Dyslexia the Label, Disability Label Paradigm, Dyslexia Is Not a Superpower, and The Impact of Labels on Sense of Self. Participants preferred ‘dyslexia’ over broader labels like ‘disability’, rejecting the superpower notion, while employers see dyslexia positively within work environments. Conclusion This study highlights the need for targeted support, advocating for strength-based labels to enhance self-perception and workplace environments, while addressing ableism. It calls for the dismantling of discriminatory practices in education, employment, and society for dyslexics. The research's novelty lies in its focus on adult dyslexic experiences within Australian workplaces.
Inhibition of AXL ameliorates pulmonary fibrosisviaattenuation of M2 macrophage polarization
Authors: Kim Dong Ha , Im Kyungtaek , Baek In-Jeoung , Choi Yun Jung , Lee Hyeonjeong , Kim Da-Som , Lee Chae Won , Jeong JaeYi , Ban Kyosun , Kim Sang-Yeob , Ji Wonjun , Lee Jae Cheol , Kim Hyun-Yi , Lee Yoonji , Yang Yeongin , Yun Miyong , Kim Ho Cheol , Choi Chang Min , Rho Jin Kyung 
Published: January 2025

RationaleAlthough a relationship between the Gas6/AXL pathway and pulmonary fibrosis (PF) has been suggested, the precise mechanisms and clinical implications of the AXL pathway in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are still unclear.MethodsConstitutive and conditional AXL-knockout mice were generated and injected with bleomycin (BLM) to induce pulmonary fibrosis. The expression of AXL and macrophage subtypes in BLM-injected mice and patients with IPF was analysed using flow cytometry. The therapeutic effects of the AXL inhibitors were examined.ResultsAXL-deficient mice were resistant to BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and had a lower degree of M2-like macrophage differentiation than wild-type mice. Interestingly, AXL expression in monocytes was enhanced according to the progression of BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and these results were especially prominent in Ly6Chighmonocytes. Gene silencing or inhibitor treatment with AXL inhibited the differentiation of M2-like macrophages during bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDMs) differentiation. These results were confirmed through experiments usingAXLfl/flLysMCre+mice and systems with depletion and reconstitution of macrophages. In line with these results, patients with severe IPF had higher AXL expression in monocytes, high GAS6 levels, and an enhanced population of M2-like macrophages than those with mild IPF. Lastly, treatment with AXL inhibitors ameliorated BLM-induced PF and improved survival rate.ConclusionsThe AXL pathway in classical monocytes contributed to PF progression through the induction of M2-like macrophage differentiation. Therefore, targeting AXL may be a promising therapeutic option for PF.
Increased delay to lung transplantation for women candidates: gender-based disparity matters in the lung transplant trajectory
Authors: Tissot Adrien , Coatanea Anne-Sophie , Rousseau Olivia , Roux Antoine , Coiffard Benjamin , Demant Xavier , Renaud-Picard Benjamin , Le Pavec Jérôme , Magnan Antoine , Mornex Jean-François , Villeneuve Thomas , Falque Loïc , Salpin Mathilde , Boussaud Véronique , Knoop Christiane , Reynaud-Gaubert Martine , Kessler Romain , Dauriat Gaëlle , Lair David , Foureau Aurore , Blanc François-Xavier , Karakachoff Mathilde , Lemarchand Patricia 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundLung transplantation (LT) is a highly dynamic segment of solid organ transplantation in which gender plays a central role.Our objective was to investigate the causes of outcome differences between women and men all along the LT pathway.MethodsWe used data from the COhort in Lung Transplantation (COLT) study (12 participating LT centers). Analyses were performed in three phases: baseline clinical characteristics, peri-transplantation period, and post-transplantation follow-up.ResultsOverall, 1710 participants (802 women and 908 men) were included in this study. Women were less likely than men to undergo transplantation (91.6%versus95.6%, p=0.001) and waited longer before transplantation (115versus73 days, p<0.001). Female gender and pre-transplant class I anti-HLA antibodies were identified as independent factors associated with longer waiting time duration. Female LT recipients commonly received lungs from height- and sex-matched donors, despite higher female waiting-list mortality and a higher proportion of male donors. Importantly, women with oversized lung transplantation (defined by predicted TLC ratio and weight mismatch) did not have worse survival. The overall post-transplant survival of female recipients was significantly higher than that of male recipients (65.6%versus57.3%, p<0.001), although the prevalence of specific major LT outcomes did not differ according to gender.ConclusionWomen waited longer and were less likely to undergo transplant. Women transplanted with an oversized lung did not have worse survival after transplantation, suggesting that size matching criteria based on pTLC ratio and weight mismatch may be less stringent in this context.
Effectiveness of a long-term acupuncture treatment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Suzuki Masao , Takahashi Yoshimitsu , Inoue Daiki , Kitajima Takamasa , Maekura Tomonori , Miki Keisuke , Ikeoka Kiyomitsu , Konishi Miki , Maekura Ryoji , Fukui Motonari 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveWe conducted a 1-year acupuncture intervention trial for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and evaluated measures of quality of life (QOL).MethodsThis 52-week randomised clinical trial was conducted in outpatient settings at two general hospitals and two clinics in Japan from January 2013 to October 2018. Forty-five patients were randomly assigned to the usual care group (UG) or the acupuncture treatment group (AG). Participants were patients with COPD classified as stage II or higher according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification. The UG received usual care in accordance with the guidelines, and the AG received acupuncture treatment once a week for 48 times in addition to usual care. Changes in outcome measures were compared using analysis of covariance, with the total domain score from the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) measured at baseline and in week 52 as the primary outcome measure.ResultThe 45 participants comprised 21 patients in the UG and 24 patients in the AG. In week 52, SGRQ total domain score was significantly improved in the AG compared with the UG (mean [standard deviation] difference from baseline: −22.8 [19.0] in the AGversus6.8 [13.5] in the UG; regression coefficient between groups: −26.9; 95% confidence interval: −35.8 to −17.9). No severe adverse events were reported.ConclusionThis study clearly suggested the long-term effectiveness of acupuncture. Acupuncture may offer a useful adjunctive therapy to improve QOL in COPD patients.
Chronic lung allograft dysfunction after lung transplantation - prevention, diagnosis and treatment in 44 European centers
Authors: Gottlieb Jens , Vos Robin , Jaksch Peter , Hellemons Merel , Martin Holm Are , Corinna Morlacchi Letizia , Magnusson Jesper , Alonso Moralejo Rodrigo , Mora-Cuesta Víctor M. , Ennekes Vera , Reed Anna , Merveilleux Claire , Vignaux Du , Hettich Ina , Bennett David , Hecker Matthias , Wald Alexandra , Guk Svitlana , Skride Andris , Nolde Anna , Knoop Christiane , Meloni Federica , Tikkanen Jussi , Larsson Hillevi , Tissot Adrien , Riddell Peter , Le Pavec Jérôme , Perch Michael , Renaud-Picard Benjamin , Carlier François M. , Müller Veronika , Parmar Jasvir , Havlin Jan , Laporta Rosalía , Matthew Schuurmans Macé , Harlander Matevž , Zenglen Slavomir , Brugiere Olivier , Kneidinger Nikolaus , Fisher Andrew , Saez-Gimenez Berta 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThere is limited data on optimal management of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). We aimed to describe the variability of diagnostic and therapeutic practices in Europe.MethodsA structured questionnaire was sent to 71 centers in 24 countries. Questions were related to contemporary clinical practices for work-up, monitoring and treatment of CLAD. Number of lung transplant (LTx) procedures, patients in follow-up were collected.ResultsForty-four centers (62%) responded from 20 countries, representing 74% of European activity. The prevalence of CLAD was estimated at 9.1 cases per million population (25th and 75th percentiles 4.4–15.7). Preferred initial work-up for probable CLAD consisted of chest CT (inspiratory 91%, expiratory 74%), donor-specific antibody (DSA) measurement (86%), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (85%), and transbronchial biopsy (81%). For monitoring of definite CLAD, inspiratory CT (67%), DSA (61%), and BAL (43%) were preferred. Body plethysmography was unavailable for 16% of cases. Prophylaxis was based on preventing infections (CMV 99%, inhaled antibiotics 70% and antifungals 65%), tacrolimus-based immunosuppression (96%), azithromycin (72%), and universal proton pump inhibitor treatment (84%). First-line treatment of CLAD was based on azithromycin (82%) and steroid augmentation (74%). Photopheresis was used in 26% of cases.ConclusionCurrent European practice CLAD detection is based on spirometry, inspiratory CT and DSA, with limited access to plethysmography and expiratory CT. Prophylactic treatment is based on azithromycin, tacrolimus-based immunosuppression, and treatment of risk factors. No single treatment strategy is universally used, highlighting the need for an effective treatment of CLAD. The preferred first-line strategy is azithromycin and steroid augmentation.
The effect of moderate to late preterm birth on lung function over the first 5 years of life in a South African birth cohort
Authors: Chaya Shaakira , Simpson Shannon J , Marozva Nicola , Jacobs Carvern , Botha Maresa , Workman Lesley , Hantos Zoltán , Zar Heather J , Gray Diane 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundPreterm birth is associated with increased mortality and morbidity, particularly due to lung disease. Low-middle income countries (LMIC) have the highest rates of preterm birth. Infants born extremely preterm rarely survive, so the largest burden is amongst moderate to late preterm (MLP) infants. The long-term health impact on MLP children in LMIC is poorly understood.AimTo assess the effect of MLP birth on lung function trajectories from birth to 5 years in the birth cohort Drakenstein Child Health Study.MethodsChildren were followed from birth with lung function measurements at 6 weeks and annually until 5 years. Exposures were longitudinally collected from the antenatal period through 5 years of age. Lung function tests included spectral and intra-breath oscillometry, tidal breathing and multiple breath washout. Mixed-effect models adjusted using a minimum set of variables were used.ResultsOf 923 children, 119 (13%) were born MLP [32-<37 weeks gestation; median gestational age (GA) 35 weeks] and 19 (2%)<32 weeks gestation. Children born MLP had altered lung function trajectories. Spectral oscillometry demonstrated a 13% reduction in compliance (0.87, 95% CI: 0.82; 0.92), 5% increase in resistance at end expiration (1.05, 95% CI: 1.01;1.09) and 1.74 Hz (95% CI: 1.10; 2.39) increase in resonance frequency over 5 years compared to term children. The proportion of children hospitalised for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) was higher in preterm born children (29 (23.6%) MLP; 18 (94.7%) extreme to very preterm; 109 (14%) term born children;p<0.01). LRTI and tobacco smoke exposure were associated with impaired lung function, but the impact of MLP on lung function was independent of these.ConclusionMLP born children have impaired lung function trajectories over the first 5 years of life, highlighting the importance of strengthening maternal health, perinatal care and strategies to reduce tobacco smoke exposure and early life LRTI.
Performance of two portable FeNO devices compared to a “Gold Standard” chemiluminescence device
Authors: Thanikkel Leo , Vogt Andreas , Micic Srdjan J. , Delliehausen Nadja , Vogt Simon , Moeller Alexander 
Published: January 2025

Recent guidelines for the diagnosis of asthma in school children recommend the measurement of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) as part of the diagnostic algorithm. However, implementation may be hampered by the lack of FeNO devices that are affordable and usable in all health care settings. We aimed to compare the performance of two portable FeNO devices (Evernoa (EVE) and NObreath® (NOB)) to a stationary gold standard device (CLD 88 sp) in children.One hundred and six (106) children aged 6–17 years under investigation or monitoring for asthma underwent FeNO measurements using the three devices in randomised order. All devices showed high repeatability across a wide FeNO range (2.5–191.9 ppb). Median FeNO levels were significantly lower with the portable devices (20.8 ppb [interquartile range: 9.5–43.5], 16 ppb [9–36], 22.8 ppb [13.2–55.2] for NOB, EVE and CLD, respectively (p<0.0001). Despite the proportional bias (−20% (NOB) and −40% (EVE), both devices demonstrated good overall agreement with CLD (>94%) at a cut-off level 25 ppb but lower agreement for the cut-off 35ppb. EVE required a greater number of attempts compared to NOB and CLD to achieve 2 valid measurements.Both portable devices showed limited interchangeability with the gold standard, making them less applicable for research and disease monitoring purposes. However, good overall agreement at the ERS cut-off level suggests potential as a simple and convenient screening tool in clinical settings for initial asthma diagnosis.
Low molecular weight hyaluronic acid improves regeneration of CF airway epithelium
Authors: Adam Damien , Luczka-Majérus Emilie , Cellier Julie , Dos Santos-Dietz Charline , Kileztky Claire , Bonnomet Arnaud , Ruaux Christophe , Sage Edouard , Polette Myriam , Abély Michel , Coraux Christelle 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by defective mucociliary clearance (MCC), chronic lung infection and exaggerated neutrophilic inflammation. Airway epithelium damage and remodelling are important components of the lung pathology progression in CF by affecting its defence functions. Identification of compounds favouring MCC through an improvement of airway epithelial structure and regeneration is therefore crucial for patients with CF (pwCF).Materials and MethodsUsing air-liquid interface (ALI) culture of human airway epithelial (HAE) cells obtained from pwCF, we examined the influence of low molecular weight-hyaluronic acid (LMW-HA) (∼40 kDa) on the regeneration and remodelling of the CF HAE.ResultsOur results show that LMW-HA normalizes the CF epithelial regeneration, even in an inflamed environment, by preventing remodelling in terms of epithelial height and basal cell hyperplasia, by avoiding inflammation-related goblet cell hyperplasia, and by stimulating multiciliated cell differentiation. As we previously reported that the remodelling was mainly due to either intrinsic inflammation of CF HAE cells or an extrinsic inflammatory environment, we examined the impact of LMW-HA on epithelial IL-8 pro-inflammatory chemokine and found that it exerts an anti-inflammatory function evidenced by a reduction in epithelial IL-8 expression and secretion.ConclusionWe report here that LMW-HA prevents CF HAE remodelling and normalizes its cell structure probably through the modulation of epithelial cell inflammatory phenotype, and improves the multiciliated cell differentiation by a mechanism independent of its anti-inflammatory effect. These results allow to consider LMW-HA as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of the CF lung disease.
Inhibition of IL-4Rα reduces CCL26 in bronchial epithelial cells from COPD patients
Authors: Pesic Jelena , Nieto Fontarigo Juan José , Tillgren Sofia Malm , Miguéns Suárez Pablo , Cerps Samuel , Pardali Katerina , Delaney Stephen , Uller Lena 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundAnti-IL-4Rα monoclonal antibodies (mAb) improve lung function and decrease the number of exacerbations in patients with COPD type (T) 2 inflammation. However, the involvement of early innate immune responses underlying these treatment effects is not well known. We sought to understand the effect and mechanisms of IL-4Rα mAb treatment on bronchial epithelial cells from COPD patients under T2 inflammatory conditions with and without rhinoviral infection.MethodsPrimary bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) from healthy and COPD patients were grown at air–liquid interface (ALI) and stimulated with IL-4 or IL-13 cytokines in the presence of IL-4Rα mAb. Cells were infected with human rhinovirus 1B (HRV1B) and collected 24 h after infection. Anti-viral mediators (i.e., interferons (IFN) and pattern recognition receptors (PRR)), as well as chemokine and alarmin expression was measured by RT-qPCR and ELISA.ResultsTreatment with IL-4Rα mAb (100 nM) inhibited eotaxin-3 (CCL26) gene after IL-4/IL-13 induction (p<0.05) in COPD BECs. However, no significant changes in RV-induced IFN-β, PRRs or TSLP gene responses were observed with IL-4/IL-13 stimulation and IL-4Rα mAb treatment. Significant increase in MUC5AC gene expression was observed with both IL-4 and IL-13 stimulation, but it was not reduced with IL-4Rα treatment in BECs.ConclusionsInhibition of IL-4Rα reduced CCL26 levels without affecting anti-viral immune responses in bronchial epithelial cells from COPD patients. Inhibition of IL-4Rα reduced IL-4/IL-13 signaling without broadly suppressing the immune system, which might suggest that inhibition of the IL-4Rα pathways may prevent COPD exacerbations through reduction of eosinophil chemotaxis.