bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
5.5.3 Supportability Assessment and Evaluation During System Architecture Development
Authors: Johannesen Line H. , Verma Dinesh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this technical paper is to present a framework for the evaluation of system architectures from a supportability and logistics perspective. A two‐pronged approach was implemented. The initial focus was on investigating the extent to which this issue had been addressed in the literature. Accordingly, this paper also presents a literature survey focused on the assessment and evaluation of system architectures in general, and their assessment and evaluation from a supportability perspective in particular. As part of the second thrust, leading system engineering practitioners and architects from the aerospace industry were interviewed. In this case, the objective was to synthesize the heuristic and experiential aspect of system architecture assessment and evaluation.The above two thrusts, theoretical and heuristic, led to the development of a domain independent evaluation framework represented in the form of an attribute hierarchy. The input information synthesized by this research, which lead to the evaluation framework development is presented in this technical paper. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology is suggested as the preferred approach for the relative evaluation of alternative architectural approaches. Finally, extensions to this framework for increased applicability within specific domains are addressed.
5.5.4 Legacy System Evolution to an Enterprise‐Wide Architecture Framework
Authors: Lacerte Yves 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA consequence of the maturation of a domain is that more and more systems within the domain are being built by different organizations. These existing systems influence the development of any future system within that domain. As this maturation proceeds, pressure grows for a common enterprise‐wide framework. Manufacturers of complex software‐intensive systems are responding to that challenge. These manufacturers strive toward a set of reusable assets forming a common framework that will be the basis of future domain specific software‐intensive systems. This long‐term corporate strategic goal needs to consider ongoing maintenance of legacy systems, as well as near‐term system development efforts.Ultimately, evolutionary paths of legacy systems, of systems currently under development, and future systems, need to be made compatible.This paper is organized as follows. The first section describes an enterprise‐wide framework and associated benefits. The second section presents notions related to system evolution. The last section discusses a strategy to evolve domain‐specific legacy systems.
7.5.1 The House of IPD – Integrating the WHY's, WHAT's, and HOW's for Successful Systems Development
Authors: Wenzel Stefan , Negele Herbert , Fricke Ernst 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo be successful in a highly dynamic environment, with increased global competition, shorter life cycles, more demanding customers/users, and more complex products, different industries should take advantage of learning from each other's problems and solutions. For example, practices like QFD, Taguchi, CAX, Robust Design, or DFX that are applied (successfully?) in daily practice within automotive industries, could be used more efficiently in the space domain. On the other hand, commercial companies can learn from aerospace industries' traditional strengths, in the areas of requirements engineering, modeling and simulation, or systems engineering. A variety of potential synergies exists that should be exploited to the greatest possible extent. But what method or tool should we use, and when?For an effective application of methods and tools in product development, a comprehensive framework is needed, which supports the selection, coordination, and assessment according to domain‐ and company‐specific needs and constraints. Unfortunately, tools and methods often are used because it is popular to use them, but not because they ideally support the solution of specific problems. Therefore, in this paper a systematic approach is proposed on how methods and tools can be selected for a successful product development system, independent of the industrial sector of a company, but dependent on its problems, market constraints, and declared goals.A structured model, the House of IPD, was derived from the analysis of different product development processes at commercial companies in Germany, England, and the US (Wenzel & Bauch 1996). In the House of IPD, the interdependencies and relations between goals and problems, essentials/processes, and practices can be structured. It is possible to visualize in a matrix, how and to what extent the practices (HOWs) contribute to the realization of certain essentials (WHATs), and which essentials support which goals or solve which problems (WHYs).
5.6.4 An International Standard for the Description of Systems – The Telecommunication World has one
Authors: Kaffenberger Ruediger 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe development of large system requires the participation of many people. People, that speak different languages and that adhere to different cultures, have to work together. Sometimes it is even on the small scale difficult to communicate ideas about the architecture or design principles of a system among all team members, but in a true international setting this task can become a nightmare.Telecommunication systems from all around the world have to work together to form the global communication network we enjoy today. The international standards body has to communicate the rules for the design of communication systems to all its international members. Consequently a modelling language has been developed, that is able to describe a telecommunication system without implying a certain implementation. In this paper, an impression of this modelling language will be given and some ideas for a possible use in other application domains will be presented.
8.6.3 The Application of Systems Engineering to the Synthesis of Enabling Products: An Aircraft Support System
Authors: Geisert Madrona , Jackson Scott 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA system consists of its operational element, that is, the product, and one or more enabling elements. Traditional systems engineering (SE) is devoted to the formulation of requirements for and the synthesis of the operational elements with little attention to the enabling elements. A typical enabling element is the support system for an aircraft. The heart of the support system is a support data system which manages the flow of data and equipment among the various elements of the support system. This data system is the focus of this paper. However, the structure and functionality of the entire support system and relationship to the aircraft are described. The traditional SE processes are used to synthesize the data system. These include the development of a mission statement, the performance of a functional analysis, the assignment of requirements, identification of interfaces, the creation of a functional architecture, the allocation of requirements to system elements, and the selection of a final system construct. During these steps it is necessary to focus on the needs of the operational product itself, the aircraft.
9.3 Teaming for Teaching: Producing Effective Systems Engineers for the 21st Century
Authors: Kasser Joseph 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs we enter the 21st century, the demands on our technological personnel are greater than ever. Universities wishing to meet this growing demand for education in systems engineering are facing a scarcity of qualified seasoned systems engineers who can teach the topic. This gap between the need and the capability to train personnel is not an easy one to fill. This paper applies an industrial solution to the problem faced by individual universities, namely synergistic teaming to provide educational opportunities greater than those can could be provided by the individual institutions.
Lessons learned from the development of a national registry on dementia care and support based on linked national health and administrative data
Authors: van der Heide Iris , Francke Anneke L. , Döpp Carola , Heins Marianne , van Hout Hein P. J. , Verheij Robert A. , Joling Karlijn J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis paper provides insight into the development of the Dutch Dementia Care and Support Registry and the lessons that can be learned from it. The aim of this Registry was to contribute to quality improvement in dementia care and support.MethodsThis paper describes how the Registry was set up in four stages, reflecting the four FAIR principles: the selection of data sources (Findability); obtaining access to the selected data sources (Accessibility); data linkage (Interoperability); and the reuse of data (Reusability).ResultsThe linkage of 16 different data sources, including national routine health and administrative data appeared to be technically and legally feasible. The linked data in the Registry offers rich information about (the use of) care for persons with dementia across various healthcare settings, including but not limited to primary care, secondary care, long‐term care and medication use, that cannot be obtained from single data sources.ConclusionsA key lesson learned is that in order to reuse the data for quality improvement in practice, it is essential to involve healthcare professionals in setting up the Registry and to guide them in the interpretation of the data.
Electrospray mass spectrometry method to prevent the reduction of hexavalent to pentavalent chromium
Authors: Muto Miu , Osuka Yuri , Ii Kyota , Ueda Richi , Shintani Ayumi , Takanashi Midori , Terada Itsumi , Oda Kyohei , Tsuchiya Kotaro , Sahoo Yu Vin , Takahashi Kazuya , Tanaka Miho 
Published: September 2023

RationaleElectrospray mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) is one of the most effective methods for assessing the state of metals in solution. For ions with a redox potential close to ~0.55 V, such as Cr6+, reduction of the metal in solution occurs in the ESI‐MS system. In our studies, it was observed that [HCrO4]− undergoes reduction, resulting in the formation of [CrO3]−. The precise mechanism remains ambiguous. The reduction of hexavalent chromium to pentavalent chromium is supported by Frost diagrams, reinforcing our confidence in the validity of the ESI‐MS measurement method. The reduction mechanism in ESI‐MS was clarified, and a system was devised to eliminate electron donation during the reduction of Cr6+ in solution.MethodsTo determine the state of Cr6+ by ESI‐MS, CrO3 in solid form was dissolved in ultrapure water to prepare a solution of 500 × 10−6 mol/L (μM) concentration. The pH was adjusted to 4.0, 5.3, 6.3, 8.2 and 9.1 and subsequently measured. CrO3 solutions with various concentrations of 10, 100 and 500 μM were prepared and adjusted to a pH of ~7 using tetramethylammonium hydroxide to measure Cr6+ under different conditions.ResultsCr6+ in solution was soluble and existed as an oxoacid with a negative charge independent of pH. Cr6+ was stable over a wide pH range at various concentrations. The ESI‐MS method determined the negative ion [HCrO4]− as the stable ion, but [CrO3]− was also present as a byproduct. Therefore, we were interested in the presence of other species, such as [CrO3]−, which could have formed owing to the reduction of Cr6+.ConclusionsIn ESI‐MS system, it undergoes reduction to form [CrO3]−. The high flow rate of ultrapure water in pump insulated the acceptance of electrons by Cr6+ preventing its reduction. Further in‐depth ESI‐MS studies could explain the complex formation and behavior of Cr6+ in aqueous solution.
A rare mimic of adult‐onset asthma: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Afriyie‐Mensah Jane Sandra , Gbadamosi Hafisatu , Darkwah Abrahams Afua Owusua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdult‐onset asthma is extremely variable in its phenotypic presentation and has gained notoriety for the overall poorer treatment outcomes even on standard asthma therapy. Tracheal tumours are rare but when present, exhibit asthma‐like phenomenon in adult patients posing great diagnostic challenges. We report two adult patients with tracheal adenoid cystic tumours who were initially treated for adult‐onset asthma. Patient 1, a 45‐year‐old man was diagnosed and managed for adult‐onset asthma over a 12 months period without satisfactory control of his symptoms. Following a late episode of hemoptysis, a chest Computed Tomography (CT) scan done revealed an occluding tracheal tumour. Patient 2 is a 28‐year‐old female who was diagnosed with adult‐onset asthma for over 2 years with poor symptom control despite optimal asthma therapy. She developed cough‐induced subcutaneous emphysema for which a chest CT scan revealed a tracheal mass. The patient had surgery with incomplete resection of tumour and adjuvant radiotherapy.
Is CO2 laser microsurgery better than radiotherapy in early glottic cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Yong , Wang Yong-li , Wei Li-zhi , Wang Ju-xin , Huang Fang-ting , Huang Guang-wu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe choice between radiotherapy (RT) and CO2 laser surgery (CO2-LS) for early glottic cancer remains controversial. We systematically examined electronic databases in order to identify prospective trials comparing patients who had undergone CO2-LS or RT to treat early glottic cancer. Eleven studies involving 1053 patients were included. In the selected literature, the parameter setting of CO2 laser equipment can be summarized as wavelength 10.6 µm, superpulsed mode, continuous setting, power tailored on target structures (1–3 W for subtle resections and 4–15 W for cutting a larger tumor), and approximately 2080–3900 W/cm2 of laser energy. Using RevMan 5.3, we estimated pooled odds ratios (ORs) for dichotomous variables and pooled mean differences (MDs) for continuous variables, along with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The heterogeneity in the treatment variables was measured using Higgins’ inconsistency test and expressed as I2 values. The continuous variables were then depicted as histograms developed using PlotDigitizer 2.6.8. Compared to patients treated with CO2-LS, those treated with RT had better jitter (MD 1.27%, 95% CI 1.21 ~ 1.32, P < 0.001), and high scores on the “Grade (MD 6.54, 95% CI 5.31 ~ 7.76, P < 0.001), Breathiness (MD 9.08, 95% CI 4.02 ~ 14.13, P < 0.001), Asthenia (MD 2.13, 95% CI 0.29 ~ 3.98, P = 0.02), and Strain (MD 3.32, 95% CI 0.57 ~ 6.07, P = 0.02)” scale. Patients treated with CO2-LS had worse local control rates (OR 3.14, 95% CI 1.52 ~ 6.48, P = 0.002) while lower incidence of second primary tumor (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.15 ~ 0.61, P < 0.001). It is hoped that retrospective analysis can provide suggestions for early glottis patients to choose personalized treatment.
Effects of agricultural landscape structure and canola coverage on biochemical and physiological traits of the ground beetle Poecilus cupreus
Authors: Sowa Grzegorz , Bednarska Agnieszka J. , Laskowski Ryszard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe intensifications in the agricultural landscape and the application of pesticides can cause adverse effects on the fitness of organisms in that landscape. Here, we investigated whether habitats with different agricultural pressures influenced acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity – a biomarker for exposure to pesticides, respiration rate, and resistance to starvation in the ground beetle Poecilus cupreus. Two differently structured landscapes were selected for the study, one dominated by small (S) and another by large (L) fields. Within each landscape three habitat types were selected: in the S landscape, these were habitats with medium (M), small (S) and no canola (meadow, 0) coverage (i.e., SM, SS, S0), and in the L landscape habitats with large (L), medium (M) and no canola (meadow, 0) coverage (i.e., LL, LM, L0), representing different levels of agricultural pressure. The activity of AChE was the highest in beetles from canola-free habitats (S0 and L0), being significantly higher than in beetles from the SM and SS habitats. The mean respiration rate corrected for body mass was also the highest in S0 and L0 beetles, with significant differences between populations from L0 vs. SS and from S0 vs. SS. Only beetles from S0, SS, L0, and LM were numerous enough to assess the resistance to starvation. Individuals from the LM habitat showed better survival compared to the canola-free habitat in the same landscape (L0), whereas in S landscape the SS beetles survived worse than those from S0, suggesting that characteristics of L landscape may lead to developing mechanisms of starvation resistance of P. cupreus in response to agricultural pressure.
Converging on human-centred industry, resilient processes, and sustainable outcomes in asset management frameworks
Authors: Chabane Bilal , Komljenovic Dragan , Abdul-Nour Georges 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe objective of increasing productivity while optimizing operational and organizational processes has focused Industry 4.0 (I4.0) on technological development without considering the impact of technology on people and the impact of mass production on the environment. These impacts have led to growing concerns about climate change and complex global risks. A new vision of the industry, called Industry 5.0 (I5.0), has emerged within the scientific community. This human-centred industry appears to be a bold turn from individual technologies to a systematic approach that enables industry to achieve societal and environmental goals beyond economic growth. Under this approach, the question is no longer whether asset management should change, but what that transformation should look like. This paper identifies areas for improvement of the asset management process and presents a framework that incorporates the core values of I5.0 within the overall asset management framework, in which the core principles remain, and the new technologies are the enabling functions. Though the primary focus of this paper on manufacturing and industrial systems, many of its concept and ideas are also relevant to asset management in the public sector infrastructure systems.
Application of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Malignant Solid Tumors
Authors: He Rong , Weng Zhijie , Liu Yunkun , Li Bingzhi , Wang Wenxuan , Meng Wanrong , Li Bo , Li Longjiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the past decade, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology has significantly progressed in studying malignant solid tumors. This technically feasible reprogramming techniques can reawaken sequestered dormant regions that regulate the fate of differentiated cells. Despite the evolving therapeutic modalities for malignant solid tumors, treatment outcomes have not been satisfactory. Recently, scientists attempted to apply induced pluripotent stem cell technology to cancer research, from modeling to treatment. Induced pluripotent stem cells derived from somatic cells, cancer cell lines, primary tumors, and individuals with an inherited propensity to develop cancer have shown great potential in cancer modeling, cell therapy, immunotherapy, and understanding tumor progression. This review summarizes the evolution of induced pluripotent stem cells technology and its applications in malignant solid tumor. Additionally, we discuss potential obstacles to induced pluripotent stem cell technology.
Graphical Abstract
Quassinoide – wie invasive Pflanzen Abwehrstoffe bilden
Authors: Franke Jakob 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) is a widespread invasive plant. It secretes specialized metabolites, so called quassinoids, into the soil to inhibit competing plants. Quassinoids therefore bear biotechnological potential for plant protection as well as medicinal applications. Here, I describe how reconstitution of biochemical pathways in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana enables the discovery of genes for quassinoid biosynthesis as a prerequisite for biotechnological applications.
Mikrobielle Navigation in natürlichen Umgebungen ermitteln
Authors: Taute Katja M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHow bacteria navigate the complex environments they inhabit in nature impacts a wide range of processes from climate change to agriculture, health, and disease. High-throughput 3D-tracking is increasingly taken on the challenge to reveal the underlying behavioral mechanisms. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers the perspective of not only massive increases in tracking efficiency, but also of unbiased categorization of behavioral strategies.
Ankle Foot Orthosis for Patients with Drop Foot Using Shape-Memory-Alloy Actuators
Authors: Lee Bohyun , Park Ji Su , Park Shinsuk , Kim Choong Hyun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGait disorders can lower the quality of life of patients. Drop foot, a causative factor of deviated gait patterns, renders patients unable to lift their forefoot towards the body. Hence, a light and compact ankle–foot orthosis (AFO), which is the most common treatment for drop foot, must be designed, especially for patients with impaired lower limb muscles as oxygen consumption increases by 30% per 1.96 N load on their foot. Furthermore, the limited range of ankle angles in the first 10% of the gait cycle (GC) is a major drawback for patients with drop foot compared to healthy individuals. This limited range of ankle angles can be improved by gaining support from an AFO composed of shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators (SMA-AFO). Therefore, in this study, an SMA was used to fabricate a soft actuator to reduce the weight of the AFO. An adaptive frequency oscillator (AO) was implemented in real time for continuous gait phase detection. Walk tests were performed on a treadmill with the SMA-AFO attached to the participants (N = 3). The experimental results showed that the participants could lift their forefoot in the dorsiflexion direction with an ankle angle of 8.75° in the first 10% of the GC. Furthermore, the current required to operate the SMA actuator can be supplied to only 45.3% of the GC, reducing the power consumption. Therefore, the proposed SMA-AFO can be used in patients with drop foot.
„Glucagon-like peptide‑1“(GLP‑1)-Rezeptor-Agonisten – die neuen Wunderwaffen in der Adipositastherapie?
Authors: Raddatz Dirk 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungAdipositas ist einechronische Krankheit mit hoher und immer noch steigender Prävalenz und vielen Begleiterkrankungen, was sie zu einem wachsenden globalen Problem macht. Eine effektive und nachhaltige Gewichtsreduktion war bisher oft nur durch die metabolische Chirurgie zu erreichen. Bisherige adjuvante medikamentöse Therapien waren wenig effektiv. „Glucagon-like peptide‑1“-Rezeptor-Agonisten (GLP-1-RA), die zur Behandlung von Typ-2-Diabetes eingesetzt werden, haben sich in präklinischen und klinischen Studien als wirksam bei der Förderung der Gewichtsabnahme erwiesen und ihre Weiterentwicklung ist im vollen Gang. Diese Übersicht fasst aktuelle Studien zusammen, die mit GLP-1-RA und verwandten Inkretinmimetika durchgeführt wurden. Sie gibt dabei einen Überblick über die maximal erreichbare Gewichtsabnahme durch bereits verfügbare Substanzen sowie neue Entwicklungen und skizziert aber auch noch offenstehende Fragen.