bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water temperature and season length interact to explain a rare non‐linear ecogeographic cline in body size
Authors: Barry Savanna Carlyn , Smith Matthew Denman , Heres Berlynna , Thomas Travis Michael , Hall‐Scharf Brittany J. , Brockmann H. Jane 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimAdult body size often exhibits patterns across large‐scale environmental gradients, creating ecogeographic clines. However, the form of body size clines varies across taxonomic groups, with linear and non‐linear patterns in body size observed in nature. Non‐linear body size clines have received less study, and questions remain about how environmental gradients interact to produce non‐linear clines. We examined the body size of the American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus), a widely distributed marine arthropod, and evaluated the hypothesis that temperature and active season length can interact multiplicatively to result in a dome‐shaped distribution.LocationFourteen states in the United States of America and three Mexican states, representing the entire geographic range of the species.MethodsWe compiled environmental data and body size measurements from more than 49,000 individual horseshoe crabs. For each location, we extracted from the literature or calculated from raw data the mean male prosoma width and the mean female prosoma width. We applied a general additive modelling (GAM) approach to characterize the body size cline, test a hypothesis regarding temperature and season length, and explore evidence for the influence of additional environmental factors.ResultsModel results indicate temperature and season length could act multiplicatively to produce dome‐shaped clines, and these findings align with and quantify previous anecdotal reports of a strong dome‐shaped body size cline across latitude for horseshoe crabs.Main ConclusionsActive season length appears to become relatively more influential on horseshoe crab body size in the northern part of their range, while temperature effects per se appear to dominate in southern latitudes. For horseshoe crabs, the pattern of size variation is consistent with the predictions of Optimal Resource Allocation models, but more study is needed to elucidate mechanistic underpinnings. Considering climate change projections, results from our study suggest future shifts in horseshoe crab body sizes.
Candidate gene polymorphisms are linked to dispersive and migratory behaviour: Searching for a mechanism behind the “paradox of the great speciators”
Authors: Estandía Andrea , Sendell-Price Ashley T. , Oatley Graeme , Robertson Fiona , Potvin Dominique , Massaro Melanie , Robertson Bruce C. , Clegg Sonya M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The “paradox of the great speciators” has puzzled evolutionary biologists for over half a century. A great speciator requires excellent dispersal propensity to explain its occurrence on multiple islands, but reduced dispersal ability to explain its high number of subspecies. A rapid reduction in dispersal ability is often invoked to solve this apparent paradox, but a proximate mechanism has not been identified yet. Here, we explored the role of six genes linked to migration and animal personality differences (CREB1, CLOCK, ADCYAP1, NPAS2, DRD4, and SERT) in 20 South Pacific populations of silvereye (Zosterops lateralis) that range from highly sedentary to partially migratory, to determine if genetic variation is associated with dispersal propensity and migration. We detected genetic associations in three of the six genes: (i) in a partial migrant population, migrant individuals had longer microsatellite alleles at the CLOCK gene compared to resident individuals from the same population; (ii) CREB1 displayed longer average microsatellite allele lengths in recently colonized island populations (&lt;200 years), compared to evolutionarily older populations. Bayesian broken stick regression models supported a reduction in CREB1 length with time since colonization; and (iii) like CREB1, DRD4 showed differences in polymorphisms between recent and old colonizations but a larger sample is needed to confirm. ADCYAP1, SERT, and NPAS2 were variable but that variation was not associated with dispersal propensity. The association of genetic variants at three genes with migration and dispersal ability in silvereyes provides the impetus for further exploration of genetic mechanisms underlying dispersal shifts, and the prospect of resolving a long-running evolutionary paradox through a genetic lens.
Abstract
Great speciators are species present on multiple islands that have many subspecies, many of which are single island endemics. This pattern is paradoxical because to colonize islands a good overwater dispersal ability is required, but divergence often requires limited gene flow, suggesting limits to dispersal. To resolve the ‘paradox of the great speciators’, many authors suggest that strong selection against dispersal ability after island colonization may shift populations to become less dispersive. We tested whether candidate genes for personality traits and migration were associated with population age and dispersal ability in the silvereye, a great speciator from the South Pacific. We found that old populations where individuals have lower dispersal ability had shorter microsatellite alleles at the CREB1 gene. We also found that, in a partial migrant population, migrant individuals had more repeats at CLOCK compared to resident individuals from the same population.
Using focus groups and consumer perceptions to generate important features of hotel shampoos and lotions
Authors: Payne Jessie , Talavera Martin J. , Koppel Kadri 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHotel toiletries are standard complementary items found in hotel bathrooms. These commodities are important to consumers, yet minimum research has been conducted on consumers' perception of these hotel toiletries, nor the variables that can influence their preferences. Four focus group sessions were conducted with frequent hotel guests. These groups were separated based on the type of hotel toiletry (shampoo or lotion) and the category of hotel the consumers most regularly visited (i.e., luxury or economy). By the end of all four sessions, a list of 34 attributes for hotel shampoos and 29 attributes for hotel lotions was generated. Perceived differences were discovered such as economy guests testing the products before use, while luxury hotel guests had a “trust” factor in which testing was unnecessary. Additionally, relaxing “spa” like scents for shampoos and thick textures for lotions were important features. Follow‐up research has been published to validate the information quantitatively.Practical ApplicationsArticles publicly accessible on hotel toiletries are narrow. The investigation provides the groundwork for additional research to be conducted on the hotel toiletry category. The research resulted in various attributes to describe hotel shampoos and lotions, and how economy and luxury hotel guests use hotel toiletries. From the study, hotel owners and managers can explore the various opinions and perceptions of luxury and economy hotel guests regarding hotel shampoos and lotions.
Discursive pluralism: Inferentialist expressivism and the integration challenge
Authors: Salis Pietro 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDiscursive pluralism, recently fostered by anti‐representationalist views, by stating that not all assertions conform to a descriptive model of language, poses an interesting challenge to representationalism. Although in recent years alethic pluralism has become more and more popular as an interesting way out for this issue, the discussion also hosts other interesting minority approaches in the anti‐representationalist camp. In particular, the late stage of contemporary expressivism offers a few relevant insights, going from Price's denunciation of “placement problems” to Brandom's inferentialism. This paper attempts to show how these expressivist ideas combine well together, composing a unitary and metaphysically sober metaphilosophical framework.
Two algorithms for reconstructing vertical alignments exploring the neural dynamics model of Adeli and Park
Authors: Song Zhanfeng , Chen Jinye , Schonfeld Paul M. , Li Jun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVertical alignment reconstruction obtains alignment parameters by fitting geometric components to a set of measured points representing the profile of an existing road or railroad, which is essential in alignment consistency analysis and maintenance to ensure safety and comfort. The neural dynamics model of Adeli and Park is explored and improved for reconstructing vertical alignments with constraints. The structure of the dynamics model is modified to include three layers: parameter layer, intermediate layer, and energy layer. The number of nodes in the parameter or intermediate layers corresponds to the number of independent parameters defining a vertical alignment. The number of nodes in the energy layer is the sum of the number of deviations and the number of constraints in the alignment reconstruction problem. The coefficients connecting nodes between the parameter layer and the intermediate layer determine the integral operations, which define the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm of the dynamics model (LMADM) and the steepest descent algorithm of the dynamics model (SDADM). Both the LMADM and SDADM methods satisfy the Lyapunov stability theorem, but the LMADM method outperforms the SDADM method in its objective function value and computation time. Experiment results demonstrate that there are multiple local optima for a vertical alignment reconstruction, and the solutions obtained by the LMADM method are the best obtained so far, compared with those reported in the literature, with 57.1% and 23.4% decreases of the mean squared error for the highway and the railroad examples, respectively.
A deep‐learning framework for classifying the type, location, and severity of bridge damage using drive‐by measurements
Authors: Corbally Robert , Malekjafarian Abdollah 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a new deep‐learning framework for drive‐by bridge condition monitoring. The proposed approach represents a bridge monitoring regime that enables the presence, type, location, and severity of bridge damage to be identified purely from measurements taken on a passing vehicle, without needing any pre‐measured training data. The computational framework adopts a numerical vehicle–bridge interaction (VBI) model, which is automatically calibrated using only the vehicle vibration measurements. The calibrated model is used to generate labeled training data, eliminating the practical difficulties associated with collecting training data for damaged bridge scenarios. The numerically simulated data are used to train a convolutional neural network that can then classify the actual damage characteristics of a bridge. The method is tested using a laboratory‐scale VBI model, and results show that the algorithm can accurately identify the presence of seized bearings and cracking in the bridge beams. The algorithm shows good accuracy when identifying the type and extent of damage. The location of bearing damage can generally be identified; however, the location of cracking is less accurate at lower damage levels. The proposed framework represents a significant improvement on existing techniques for indirect bridge monitoring.
Influence of Learner Beliefs and Gender on the Motivating Power of L2 Selves
Authors: YASHIMA TOMOKO , NISHIDA RIEKO , MIZUMOTO ATSUSHI 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study investigates 3 unexplored issues regarding Second Language (L2) Motivational Self System theory. It further validates the theory using multiple structural equation modeling (SEM) along with a procedure comparing the strength of corresponding paths. Japanese university freshmen (N = 2,631) responded to a questionnaire and took the TOEFL‐ITP test. Results showed the following: (a) Stronger Ideal and Ought‐to L2 self visions led to intended effort, accounting in turn for higher levels of objectively measured proficiency. (b) Two types of learner beliefs reflecting L2 learning experience—Communication Orientation (the tendency to value extensive use of language) and Grammar–Translation Orientation (the tendency to value learning grammar explicitly)—influenced the 2 future selves differently. The former affected Ideal self more than Ought‐to self, while the reverse was true of the latter. (c) Women's greater tendency to value communication activities influenced their stronger vision of Ideal L2 self. A stronger link between Grammar–Translation Orientation and Ought‐to self in male students than in female students was found. Finally, the etic approach using SEM allowed for a comparison of studies conducted in different sociocultural contexts, showing stronger motivating power for Ought‐to self in Japan along with gender differences, a finding with context‐specific explanations.
SlERF.G3‐Like mediates a hierarchical transcriptional cascade to regulate ripening and metabolic changes in tomato fruit
Authors: You Shengjie , Wu Yu , Li Wen , Liu Xiaofeng , Tang Qinlan , Huang Fengkun , Li Yan , Wang Hsihua , Liu Mingchun , Zhang Yang 
Published: September 2023

SummaryThe tomato ripening process contains complex changes, including ethylene signalling, cell wall softening and numerous metabolic changes. So far, much is still unknown about how tomato plants precisely coordinate fruit maturation and metabolic regulation. In this paper, the ERF family transcription factor SlERF.G3‐Like in tomato was found to be involved in the regulation of ethylene synthesis, cell wall degradation and the flavonoid pathway. We show that the master ripening regulator SlRIN was found to directly bind to the promoter region of SlERF.G3‐Like to activate its expression. In addition, we managed to increase the production of resveratrol derivatives from ~1.44 mg/g DW in E8:VvStSy line to ~2.43 mg/g DW by crossing p35S: SlERF.G3‐Like with the E8:VvStSy line. Our data provide direct evidence that SlERF.G3‐Like, a hierarchical transcriptional factor, can directly manipulate pathways in which tomatoes can coordinate fruit maturation and metabolic changes. We also attest that SlERF.G3‐Like can be used as an effective tool for phenylpropanoid metabolic engineering.
Healthcare professionals’ experiences of targeted health dialogues in primary health care
Authors: Johansson Lisbeth M. , Eriksson Marit , Dahlin Sofia , Lingfors Hans , Golsäter Marie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn Sweden, population‐based targeted health dialogues are an important part of health promotion and disease prevention in primary health care. Targeted health dialogues are performed with a pedagogical approach to allow individuals to reflect over their resources, situation and motivation to change lifestyle habits together with a healthcare professional.AimThe aim of this study was to explore healthcare professionals' experiences of targeted health dialogues in primary health care.MethodsThree focus group interviews were conducted with 20 healthcare professionals. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe main category A possibility to promote healthy behaviours and prevent disease describes how the targeted health dialogues were experienced as a valuable opportunity to promote health among inhabitants. The significance of the primary healthcare centre's health promotion and prevention strategies was emphasised to enable the targeted health dialogues as a part of the assignment to promote health. These strategies were expressed as shared focus and organisational space and support making it possible for example to reach all socioeconomic groups. The work with targeted health dialogue was described as a complex task requiring extensive competence. Furthermore, the pedagogical tool including the visual health profile was experienced to have an important impact on the dialogue offering direction for actions to promote health and prevent disease.ConclusionsTargeted health dialogues can be a valuable opportunity for healthcare professionals in primary health care to promote a healthy lifestyle among inhabitants. Certain preconditions at both the meso‐ and the micro level is however required for this to come about.
In vitro efficacy of a topical antimicrobial mousse and shampoo at proximal and distal hair locations against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi
Authors: Taketa Tia T. , Rosenkrantz Wayne S. , Griffin Craig E. , Bidot Willie A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundTopical therapy is essential in assisting with the resolution of pyoderma.Objectives(i) Evaluate the in vitro efficacy and residual activity of two different hair segments treated with shampoo and mousse against meticillin‐sensitive and meticillin‐resistant staphylococci; (ii) compare proximal and distal hair portions treated with the products and (iii) describe a new disc diffusion method for assessing residual efficacy.AnimalsEleven privately owned, medium‐haired dogs.Materials and MethodsIn this randomised, blinded and negatively controlled study, dogs were treated once with a 3% chlorhexidine digluconate‐0.5% ophytrium shampoo on the lateral thorax, and the corresponding mousse on the opposite side. Hairs were plucked before treatment, two hours post‐treatment, and day (D)2, D4, D7, D10 and D14. Hairs were weighed (0.01 g) and cut (1.0 cm) from the proximal portion, moistened with saline and placed on a sterile diffusion disc to absorb the solution. Proximal and distal hair bundles and diffusion discs were placed onto agar inoculated with an isolate of meticillin‐sensitive or meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius or Staphylococcus schleiferi. Inhibition zones were measured following incubation.ResultsDistal hairs had larger (p < 0.001) inhibition zones compared to proximal hairs. Mousse had significant differences (p < 0.05) between time points and locations for both the hair bundles and discs, while shampoo only had a significant difference (p < 0.001) between time points for the hairs.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceMousse was effective, and shampoo was only minimally effective in inhibiting bacterial growth in vitro, with the greatest effect occurring at the two hours time point. The distal hair shafts had greater inhibition.
Creating an Institutional Environment That Leads to an Inclusive Culture of Belonging: Kinesiology’s “Impoverishing Errand”
Authors: Armstrong Ketra L. 
Published: September 2023

People have an innate and fundamental need to belong (i.e., to establish and maintain high-quality and enriching relationships with others). Belonging is important to our personal and professional lives, and culture is often the conduit filtering our sense of belonging. Some organizations are culturally inclusive wherein a culturally diverse array of individuals feel connected and have a sense of belonging. In contrast, others are marred by cultural exclusion, leaving some individuals culturally disconnected, culturally disengaged, and lacking a sense of belonging. This article posits cultural belonging as the “impoverishing errand” that kinesiology must accomplish. It discusses personal and positional culture, organizational culture, and the leadership needed in kinesiology to create institutional environments that support and sustain inclusive cultures of belonging for faculty, staff, and students. In so doing, it illustrates the need for the philosophical/ideological and managerial focus on people-centered leadership that normalizes cultural inclusion.
Navigating a Professional Minefield: Service Workload, Identity Taxation, and Department Culture
Authors: Rowley K. Michael , O M.P. Jenny , Wright E. Missy 
Published: September 2023

Faculty with personal and professional identities that are marginalized in higher education experience identity taxation, which is the experience of greater physical, mental, emotional, or psychological labor beyond what is experienced by faculty members with dominant-group identities. Inequities in service work contribute substantially to this taxation. Here, we describe persistent inequities in service work in academia, the impacts and consequences of those inequities, and strategies from the literature and our own experiences to make service work more equitable. We then detail two case examples for how we implemented some of these strategies in our kinesiology department, including (a) adopting an equity-based model of service work for required department and college service committees and (b) applying an equity lens to a faculty search committee. Finally, we reflect on our successes and areas for improvement.
Palmitoylethanolamide shows limited efficacy in controlling cerebral cryptococcosis
in vivo
Authors: Munzen Melissa E. , Reguera Gomez Marta , Hamed Mohamed F. , Enriquez Vanessa , Charles-Niño Claudia L. , Dores Michael R. , Alviña Karina , Martinez Luis R. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Cryptococcus neoformans
(
Cn
) is an encapsulated neurotropic fungal pathogen and the causative agent of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CME) in humans. Recommended treatment for CME is Amphotericin B (AmpB) and 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC). Though effective, AmpB has displayed numerous adverse side effects due to its potency and nephrotoxicity, prompting investigation into alternative treatments. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an immunomodulatory compound capable of promoting neuroprotection and reducing inflammation. To investigate the efficacy of PEA as a therapeutic alternative for CME, we intracerebrally infected mice with
Cn
and treated them with PEA or AmpB alone or in combination. Our results demonstrate that PEA alone does not significantly prolong survival nor reduce fungal burden, but when combined with AmpB, PEA exerts an additive effect and promotes both survivability and fungal clearance. However, we compared this combination to traditional AmpB and 5-FC treatment in a survivability study and observed lower efficacy. Overall, our study revealed that PEA alone is not effective as an antifungal agent in the treatment of CME. Importantly, we describe the therapeutic capability of PEA in the context of
Cn
infection and show that its immunomodulatory properties may confer limited protection when combined with an effective fungicidal agent.