bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vibrational characterization of cavitation in left ventricular assist device
Authors: Kisendal Ditte Juhl , Josiasen Katrine Rafn , Larsen Marie Nørkjær , Schmidt Samuel Emil , Skov Søren Nielsen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is a mechanical circulatory support device for patients with severe heart failure. Microbubbles caused by cavitation in the LVAD can potentially lead to physiological and pump‐related complications. The aim of this study is to characterize the vibrational patterns in the LVAD during cavitation.MethodsThe LVAD was integrated into an in vitro circuit and mounted with a high‐frequency accelerometer. Accelerometry signals were acquired with different relative pump inlet pressures ranging from baseline (+20 mmHg) to −600 mmHg in order to induce cavitation. Microbubbles were monitored with dedicated sensors at the pump inlet and outlet to quantify the degree of cavitation. Acceleration signals were analyzed in the frequency domain to identify changes in the frequency patterns when cavitation occurred.ResultsSignificant cavitation occurred at the low inlet pressure (−600 mmHg) and was detected in the frequency range between 1800 and 9000 Hz. Minor degrees of cavitation at higher inlet pressures (−300 to −500 mmHg) were detected in the frequency range between 500–700, 1600–1700 Hz, and around 12 000 Hz. The signal power of the dominating frequency ranges was statistically significantly different from baseline signals.ConclusionVibrational measurements in the LVAD can be used to detect cavitation. A significant degree of cavitation could be detected in a wide frequency range, while minor cavitation activity could only be detected in more narrow frequency ranges. Continuous vibrational LVAD monitoring can potentially be used to detect cavitation and minimize the damaging effect associated with cavitation.
‘I believe in building people up’: A call for attention to asset‐based community development in geographical framings of poverty in the global North
Authors: Denning Stephanie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper calls for human geographers examining poverty in the global North to attend more to asset‐based community development (ABCD) poverty interventions in order to complement geographers' current foci on how people experience and respond to poverty. ABCD is a community movement that originated in the USA that emphasises principles of focusing on gifts and assets rather than deficits, and on relationships at the neighbourhood level. In doing so, ABCD starts from what is ‘strong’ rather than ‘wrong’ in order to work towards community transformation. This paper's focus on ABCD emerges from an ethnography with a community following ABCD on an estate in Birmingham, UK. The housing estate in which the ethnography was conducted is an area of relatively high UK deprivation. However, the ethnography drew out how, through ABCD intertwined with a Christian ethos, local volunteers and community workers endeavoured to reframe the questions being asked of and by the community in order to focus on people's gifts, foster neighbour‐to‐neighbour support, and shun stigma. In conclusion, the paper argues that giving more attention to ABCD poverty interventions will complement human geographers' existing attention to poverty in the global North by broadening our foci, including to question whether ABCD interventions could be used more widely to combat both the existence and experience of poverty. However, this comes with a warning: in giving more attention to assets, we must be careful to avoid romanticising poverty, and so this must be alongside existing geographical attention to austerity and welfare provision.
Potential diagnostic utility of PRAME and p16 immunohistochemistry in melanocytic nevi and malignant melanoma
Authors: Bahmad Hisham F. , Oh Kei Shing , Alexis John 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPRAME (PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma) is a tumor‐associated antigen that has been studied in various cutaneous melanocytic lesions. p16, on the other hand, has been proposed to aid in distinguishing between benign and malignant melanocytic neoplasms. Studies on the diagnostic utility of PRAME and p16 in combination in differentiating nevi from melanoma are limited. We aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of PRAME and p16 in melanocytic tumors and their role in distinguishing between malignant melanomas and melanocytic nevi.MethodsThis is a single‐center retrospective cohort analysis over a 4‐year period (2017–2020). We used the pathological database of malignant melanomas (77 cases) and melanocytic nevi (51 cases) specimens from patients who underwent shave/punch biopsies or surgical excisions and evaluated immunohistochemical staining percentage positivity and intensity for PRAME and p16.ResultsMost malignant melanomas showed positive/diffuse PRAME expression (89.6%); on the other hand, 96.1% of nevi did not express PRAME diffusely. p16 was expressed consistently in nevi (98.0%). However, p16 expression in malignant melanoma was infrequent in our study. PRAME had a sensitivity and specificity of 89.6% and 96.1%, respectively, for melanomas versus nevi; on the other hand, p16 had a sensitivity and specificity of 98.0% and 28.6%, respectively, for nevi versus melanoma. Also, a PRAME+/p16− melanocytic lesion is unlikely to be a nevus where most nevi were PRAME−/p16+.ConclusionIn conclusion, we confirm the potential utility of PRAME and p16 for distinguishing melanocytic nevi from malignant melanomas.
Women as wives and rulers in Martin Luther's theology
Authors: Mathiasen Stopa Sasja Emilie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article offers a theological analysis of Martin Luther's complex view on women and their role in society, focusing on his exposition of the narratives of creation and fall in the Lectures on Genesis. Luther's understanding of women is defined by an ostensible paradox. On the one hand, Luther claims that all women are equal to men in relation to God and hold the power to rule over the earth, which they execute as leaders of the household. On the other hand, Luther passes on a traditional view of women being of a weaker nature and argues that wives have to subordinate to their husbands. I interpret this understanding of women as an outcome of Luther's theological anthropology based on his doctrine of justification. Men and women are equal as priests and kings in relation to God and authorized to manage their relationship with him, to teach and pray for others, and to disobey authority that interferes with this faith relation. As sinners, though, they must submit to authority to suppress sin. Both men and women exercise authority through their gender‐specific callings in the earthly hierarchies, which constitute God's created order. However, women have to subordinate to their husbands in order to suppress sin. The article discusses whether this complex view on women promoted patriarchal social structures or whether the freedom and equality of the spiritual realm over time filtered through to the role of women in society, paving the way for their liberation.
Long‐term prognostic impact of subclinical myocardial dysfunction in patients recovered from COVID‐19
Authors: Cannata Francesco , Pinto Giuseppe , Chiarito Mauro , Maurina Matteo , Condello Francesco , Bombace Sara , Villaschi Alessandro , Novelli Laura , Stankowski Kamil , Liccardo Gaetano , Gasparini Gaia , Donia Dario , Celata Anastasia , My Ilaria , Kallikourdis Marinos , Figliozzi Stefano , Mantovani Riccardo , Fazzari Fabio , Bragato Renato M. , Condorelli Gianluigi , Stefanini Giulio G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular sequelae may occur in patients recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Recent studies have detected a considerable incidence of subclinical myocardial dysfunction—assessed with speckle‐tracking echocardiography—and of long‐COVID symptoms in these patients. This study aimed to define the long‐term prognostic role of subclinical myocardial dysfunction and long‐COVID condition in patients recovered from COVID‐19 pneumonia.MethodsWe prospectively followed up 110 patients hospitalized at our institution due to COVID‐19 pneumonia in April 2020 and then recovered from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. A 7‐month clinical and echocardiographic evaluation was performed, followed by a 21‐month clinical follow‐up. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure hospitalization, and all‐cause mortality.ResultsA subclinical myocardial dysfunction—defined as an impairment of left ventricular global longitudinal strain (≥−18%)—was identified at a 7‐month follow‐up in 37 patients (34%), was associated with an increased risk of long‐term MACE with a good discriminative power (area under the curve: .73) and resulted in a strong independent predictor of extended MACE in multivariate regression analyses. Long‐COVID condition was not associated with a worse long‐term prognosis, instead.ConclusionsIn patients recovered from COVID‐19 pneumonia, a subclinical myocardial dysfunction is present in one‐third of the whole population at 7‐month follow‐up and is associated with a higher risk of MACE at long‐term follow‐up. Speckle‐tracking echocardiography is a promising tool to optimize the risk‐stratification in patients recovered from COVID‐19 pneumonia, while the definition of a long‐COVID condition has no prognostic relevance.
Relative importance of meso‐ and microhabitat features in the within‐reach spatial distribution of size‐structured fish assemblages in small streams
Authors: Maroda Ágnes , Sály Péter 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the relative importance of mesohabitat and microhabitat features, as well as the spatial and within‐day temporal covariates, on the body size‐related within‐reach spatial distribution of stream‐dwelling fishes in a highland‐type and a sub‐mountainous‐type stream in Central Europe. During daytime, point abundance sampling was applied to catch the fish, and environmental data were recorded at the sampling points (microhabitat features) and along the transects that crossed the sampling points (mesohabitat features). Variance partitioning revealed similar patterns in the size‐classified fish data for the two streams. Microhabitat features had a greater explained variance than mesohabitat features. The majority of the mesohabitat influence emerged as variance shared with the microhabitat influence. The pure spatially explained variance proportion was lower than the variance explained purely by the environmental features (meso and micro together), and no temporally explained variance was found. Many species showed body size‐related environmental associations. The results suggest that the different‐scale habitat features act in a hierarchical way on the within‐reach fish distribution. Meso‐scale features may determine a great proportion of the micro‐scale habitat variability and micro‐scale conditions may directly affect how fish select places to stay as a function of both species identity and body size. The restoration of meso‐scale environmental diversity can effectively contribute to the protection of size‐structured populations in sub‐mountainous and highland streams.
miRNA implication in the pathogenesis and the outcome of Tunisian endemic pemphigus foliaceus
Authors: Khabou Boudour , Fakhfakh Raouia , Tahri Safa , Bahloul Emna , Hadj Kacem Hassen , Belmabrouk Sabrine , Hachicha Hend , Sellami Khadija , Turki Hamida , Masmoudi Hatem , Abida Olfa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPemphigus foliaceus (PF) is a bullous autoimmune skin disease diagnosed through sera and skin analyses. PF severity is associated with maintained anti‐Dsg1 sera levels and its prognosis is unpredictable. MicroRNA (miRNA), dynamic regulators of immune function, have been identified as potential biomarkers for some autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to assess the miRNA expression of miR‐17‐5p, miR‐21‐5p, miR‐146a‐5p, miR‐155‐5p and miR‐338‐3p using quantitative real‐time PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and lesional skin samples from untreated and treated PF patients (both remittent and chronic) over 3 months. Overall, miRNA expression was significantly higher in PBMC than in biopsy samples. Blood miR‐21 expression was increased in untreated patients compared to controls and had a diagnostic value with an AUC of 0.78. After 6 weeks, it decreased significantly, similar to anti‐Dsg1 antibodies and the PDAI score. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between cutaneous miR‐21 expression and the disease activity score. Conversely, cutaneous expressions of miR‐17, miR‐146a and miR‐155 were significantly higher in treated chronic patients compared to remittent ones. The cutaneous level of miR‐155 positively correlated with pemphigus activity, making it a potential predictive marker for patients' clinical stratification with an AUC of 0.86.These findings suggest that blood miR‐21 and cutaneous miR‐155 can be used as supplemental markers for PF diagnosis and activity, respectively in addition to classical parameters.
Plant influences on soil microbial carbon pump efficiency
Authors: Feng Xiaojuan , Wang Simin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicrobe‐mediated carbon transformation plays an important role in soil carbon sequestration, which is considered to be one of the key strategies to achieve carbon neutrality in the long term. Assessing the efficiency of microbial necromass accumulation relative to plant carbon input or microbial respiration will help to identify ways to promote soil carbon sequestration from an ecosystem perspective.
Contrasting ecosystem vegetation response in global drylands under drying and wetting conditions
Authors: Abel Christin , Abdi Abdulhakim M. , Tagesson Torbern , Horion Stephanie , Fensholt Rasmus 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIncreasing aridity is one major consequence of ongoing global climate change and is expected to cause widespread changes in key ecosystem attributes, functions, and dynamics. This is especially the case in naturally vulnerable ecosystems, such as drylands. While we have an overall understanding of past aridity trends, the linkage between temporal dynamics in aridity and dryland ecosystem responses remain largely unknown. Here, we examined recent trends in aridity over the past two decades within global drylands as a basis for exploring the response of ecosystem state variables associated with land and atmosphere processes (e.g., vegetation cover, vegetation functioning, soil water availability, land cover, burned area, and vapor‐pressure deficit) to these trends. We identified five clusters, characterizing spatiotemporal patterns in aridity between 2000 and 2020. Overall, we observe that 44.5% of all areas are getting dryer, 31.6% getting wetter, and 23.8% have no trends in aridity. Our results show strongest correlations between trends in ecosystem state variables and aridity in clusters with increasing aridity, which matches expectations of systemic acclimatization of the ecosystem to a reduction in water availability/water stress. Trends in vegetation (expressed by leaf area index [LAI]) are affected differently by potential driving factors (e.g., environmental, and climatic factors, soil properties, and population density) in areas experiencing water‐related stress as compared to areas not exposed to water‐related stress. Canopy height for example, has a positive impact on trends in LAI when the system is stressed but does not impact the trends in non‐stressed systems. Conversely, opposite relationships were found for soil parameters such as root‐zone water storage capacity and organic carbon density. How potential driving factors impact dryland vegetation differently depending on water‐related stress (or no stress) is important, for example within management strategies to maintain and restore dryland vegetation.
Explaining transgender policy change: Policy momentum in Canada and Australia
Authors: McMahon Nicole 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWestern democracies are experiencing a widespread shift towards greater recognition of transgender rights in public policy, yet the timing of change differs across states. To explain this variation, I present a novel theoretical framework called “policy momentum.” Unlike existing work on policy diffusion, which typically emphasizes domestic or international processes, I theorize how the combined pressure from each level creates the conditions for policy change to occur. Empirically, I contrast the creation of national human rights policies to protect transgender individuals in Canada (2017) and Australia (2013). Using process‐tracing and within‐case analyses, and drawing on elite interviews, primary documents, and Hansard records, I demonstrate the decisive interaction of subnational legislative changes with an emerging global norm to produce transgender policy change. This paper thus contributes to our understanding of LGBTQ+ public policy while also providing a framework for explaining the conditions for cross‐national policy change more broadly.
Association between vascular access type and depression in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Çora Ahmet Rıfkı , Çelik Ersin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionHemodialysis is the most common treatment used for end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients and an arteriovenous fistula (AV) fistula is the preferred vascular access. The goal of our study was to investigate potential associations between vascular access type and depression.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional survey of 180 patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. The Beck Depression Inventory was used to assess degree of depression. Demographic factors, treatment details, and laboratory values were obtained from the hospital medical record.FindingsFifty‐two percent (n = 93) of the patients were being dialyzed using an AV fistula and 48% (n = 87) via a tunneled cuffed catheter. No significant differences were found between access type use in terms of gender (p = 0.266), presence of diabetes, hypertension, or peripheral artery disease (p = 0.409, p = 0.323, p = 0.317; respectively). The prevalence of Beck Depression Inventory scores greater than 14 (marking presence of depression) was significantly higher in the patients being dialyzed with a tunneled cuffed catheters (61%) compared to patients dialyzed with an AV fistula (36%) (p = 0.001).DiscussionWe found statistically higher depression scores among patients receiving hemodialysis with a tunneled cuffed catheter.
Dots and spots: A retrospective review of T2‐hyperintense white matter lesions in pediatric patients with and without headache
Authors: Ackley Elizabeth , Asamoah Philip , Mirsky David , White Christina , Maloney John , Stence Nicholas , Silveira Lori , Yonker Marcy , Neuberger Ilana 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to determine if T2‐weighted hyperintense white matter lesions (WMLs) on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) occur more frequently in pediatric patients with migraine and other primary headache disorders compared to the general pediatric population.BackgroundSmall foci of T2 hyperintensity in the white matter are frequently identified on brain MRI during the workup of pediatric headache. Such lesions have been reported to be more common among adults with migraine versus adults without migraine; however, this association has not been well established in the pediatric population.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cross‐sectional single‐center study of electronic medical records and radiologic studies, examining pediatric patients from 3 to 18 years old who underwent brain MRI between 2016 and 2021. Patients with existing intracranial disease or abnormalities were excluded. Patients with reports of headache were categorized. Imaging was reviewed to determine the number and location of WMLs. Headache‐associated disability scores (Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment) were noted, when available.ResultsBrain MRI of 248 patients with a diagnosis of headache (144 with migraine, 42 with non‐migraine primary headache, and 62 with headache that could not be further classified) and 490 controls were reviewed. WMLs were encountered commonly among all study participants, with a prevalence of 40.5% (17/42) to 54.1% (265/490). There was no statistically significant difference comparing the number of lesions between each of the headache groups and the control group: migraine group versus control group median [interquartile range (IQR)], 0 [0–3] versus 1 [0–4], incidence rate ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)], 0.99 [0.69–1.44], p = 0.989, non‐migraine headache group versus control group median [IQR], 0 [0–3] versus 1 [0–4], 0.71 [0.46–1.31], p = 0.156, headache not otherwise specified group versus control group median [IQR], 0 [0–4] versus 1 [0–4], 0.77 [0.45–1.31], p = 0.291. There was no significant correlation between headache‐associated disability and the number of WMLs (0.07 [−0.30 to 0.17], rho [95% CI]).ConclusionT2 hyperintense WMLs are common within the pediatric population and are not encountered more frequently in pediatric patients with migraine or other primary headache disorders. Thus, such lesions are presumably incidental and unlikely related to headache history.
Effects of performance management systems–strategy alignment on lecturers' engagement with knowledge transfer: A perspective from Spain
Authors: Barrachina‐Palanca Mercedes , Gonzalez‐Sanchez Maria Beatriz , Gutiérrez‐López Cristina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGrowing competition among higher education institutions (HEIs) explains their increasing interest in reinforcing strategies by incorporating knowledge transfer (KT) objectives into their strategic plans. However, this strategic formulation must be aligned with the implementation of performance management systems (PMSs) to properly achieve KT objectives. Thus, the aim of this paper is to examine whether aligning PMSs with KT strategic objectives improves KT performance while misalignment worsens it. To that end, PMSs are measured with respect to planning; cybernetic control; policies and procedures and reward and compensation elements. KT is specified as R&D contracts, extended patents, patents and licences. With a sample of 3812 Spanish university lecturers, we test the theoretical positive and negative effects of PMS–KT strategy alignment and misalignment on KT performance respectively. The results show not only that this alignment is effective for KT strategy implementation but also that misalignment has unintended effects on the achievement of long‐term KT objectives. Therefore, lecturers' behaviour is influenced by how closely KT strategy and PMSs are aligned. The findings are useful for managers and academics to develop PMSs that effectively contribute to the achievement of universities' strategic goals.