bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a pharmacist‐led smoking cessation service in a pulmonary clinic
Authors: Andras Sera , Sherwin Erin , Bodreau Charles , Schadler Aric , Kormelink Lauren 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionStudies have demonstrated the positive effect that pharmacist‐led smoking cessation services have on smoking cessation rates, but data regarding pharmacists' impact on smoking cessation in a pulmonary clinic are lacking.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of pharmacist‐led smoking cessation visits compared with routine smoking cessation counseling performed by other pulmonary practitioners on smoking cessation rates and outcomes in a population with significant pulmonary disease.MethodsThis was a single center, retrospective, observational cohort study comparing patients who were solely counseled on smoking cessation by a practitioner during their pulmonary clinic appointment to patients who received smoking cessation services from a pharmacist. The primary outcome was a comparison of the percentage of patients who self‐reported cessation at 1, 6, and at 12 months from their initial visit between both cohorts. Other outcomes included the rate of relapse, rate of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations, and time spent counseling patients. Continuous variables were analyzed with an independent samples t‐test or Mann–Whitney U‐test as appropriate. Pearson's chi‐square or Fisher's exact test was used to analyze categorical data.ResultsIn total, 149 patients counseled by a pharmacist met the inclusion criteria for the study. A matched cohort of 88 practitioner‐managed patients was used for comparison. Patients managed by the pharmacist achieved higher cessation rates at 1 and 6 months compared with those managed by practitioners, though results were not statistically significant. Patients managed by the pharmacist had significantly higher quit rates at 12 months compared with those managed by practitioners, with 21 patients (14.1%) quitting in the pharmacist‐managed group versus 5 patients (5.7%) in the practitioner‐managed group (p = 0.045).ConclusionPatients with significant pulmonary disease had higher rates of smoking cessation at 12 months when managed by a pharmacist compared with routine counseling provided during practitioner‐led visits.
Cellular consequences triggered by ketamine on exposure to human glioblastoma epithelial (LN‐229) cells
Authors: Megha Kizhakkepurakkal B. , Mohanan Parayanthala V. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractKetamine is generally a noncompetitive N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that interrelates with various other receptors, contributing to a wide range of actions. They are mainly approved as a general anesthetic, but a low dose of ketamine is applied for pain management, depression, and as analgesics. However, there is a significant concern regarding the long‐term usage as antidepressants and as an abused drug. The study mainly aims to exhibit the possible long‐term side effects of ketamine as an antidepressant and in recreational users. The study explores the in vitro cytotoxicity revealed on LN‐229 cells in a dose‐dependent manner. According to the cell viability assays, there is a dose‐dependent response toward ketamine. Morphological and nuclear integrity was changed on exposure and assessed using Giemsa, Rhodamine phalloidin, 4’,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI), and Acridine orange staining. The apoptotic cell death marked by nuclear condensation, Lactate dehydrogenase leakage, pro‐inflammatory cytokine (interleukin [IL]‐β) release, and inhibition of cell migration was observed. The study highlights the importance of nonanesthetic usage of ketamine, which can lead to severe adverse side effects on long‐term exposure rather than a single exposure as an anesthetic agent.
Association between polymorphism rs2421943 of the insulin‐degrading enzyme and schizophrenia: Preliminary report
Authors: Ambrozová Laura , Zeman Tomáš , Janout Vladimír , Janoutová Jana , Lochman Jan , Šerý Omar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundInsulin‐degrading enzyme (IDE) is an important gene in studies of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recent studies have suggested a possible link between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SZ). At the same time, significant changes in insulin‐degrading enzyme (IDE) gene expression have been found in the brains of people with schizophrenia. These findings highlight the need to further investigate the role of IDE in schizophrenia pathogenesis.MethodsWe enrolled 733 participants from the Czech Republic, including 383 patients with schizophrenia and 350 healthy controls. Our study focused on the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2421943 in the IDE gene, which has previously been associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The SNP was analyzed using the PCR‐RFLP method.ResultsThe G allele of the rs2421943 polymorphism was found to significantly increase the risk of developing SZ (p < 0.01) when a gender‐based analysis showed that both AG and GG genotypes were associated with a more than 1.55 times increased risk of SZ in females (p < 0.03) but not in males. Besides, we identified a potential binding site at the G allele locus for has‐miR‐7110‐5p, providing a potential mechanism for the observed association.ConclusionOur results confirm the role of the IDE gene in schizophrenia pathogenesis and suggest that future research should investigate the relationship between miRNA and estrogen influence on IDE expression in schizophrenia pathogenesis.
CRISPR‐Cas12a assisted specific detection of mpox virus
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Misra Chitra Seetharam , Bindal Gargi , Rangu Shyam Sunder , Rath Devashish 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMpox virus, a member of genus Orthopoxvirus, causes rash and flu‐like symptoms in humans. In the recent global outbreak, it was reported from several geographical areas that have not historically reported mpox. Point of care, sensitive and specific mpox diagnostic assays are critical in checking the spread of the disease. We have developed a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated Cas12a nuclease‐based assay for detecting mpox virus. Mpox specific conserved sequences were identified in polA (E9L) gene which differ by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) from all the viruses present in the genus Orthopoxvirus. This SNP was exploited in our assay to specifically distinguish mpox virus from other related orthopox viruses with a limit of detection of 1 copy/μl in 30 min. The assay exhibits a sensitive and specific detection of mpox virus which can prove to be of practical value for its surveillance in areas infected with multiple orthopox viruses, especially in hotspots of mpox virus infections.
Phylogenetics and phylogeographic characteristics of coxsackievirus A16 in hand foot and mouth disease and herpangina cases collected in Beijing, China from 2019 to 2021
Authors: Li Renqing , Lin Changying , Dong Shuaibing , Li Jie , Liang Zhichao , Yang Yang , Huo Da , Gao Zhiyong , Jia Lei , Zhang Daitao , Wang Xiaoli , Wang Quanyi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCoxsackievirus A16 (CV‐A16) is a significant pathogen responsible for causing hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and herpangina (HA). This study aimed to investigate the recent evolution and spread of CV‐A16 by monitoring HFMD and HA cases in 29 hospitals across 16 districts in Beijing from 2019 to 2021. The first five cases of HFMD and the first five cases of HA each month in each hospital were included in the study. Real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to identify CV‐A16, CV‐A6, and EV‐A71. From each district, two to four CV‐A16 positive samples with a relatively long sampling time interval every month were selected for sequencing. A total of 3344 HFMD cases and 2704 HA cases were enrolled in this study, with 76.0% (2541/3344) of HFMD and 45.4% (1227/2704) of HA cases confirmed to be infected by enterovirus. Among the EV‐positive samples, CV‐A16 virus was detected in 33.61% (854/2541) of HFMD cases and 13.4% (165/1227) of HA cases, with the predominant cluster being B1a. Both B1a and B1b had a co‐circulation of local and imported strains, with different origin time (1993 vs. 1995), different global distribution (14 countries vs. 10 countries), and different transmission centers but mainly distributed in the southern and eastern regions of Beijing. Strengthening surveillance of HFMD in southern and eastern regions will improve the prevention and control efficiency of enterovirus infections.
The signature of SARS‐CoV‐2 evolution reflects selective pressures within human guts
Authors: Zhiyanov Anton , Shkurnikov Maxim , Nersisyan Ashot , Hui Cai , Baranova Ancha , Tonevitsky Alexander 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn somatic cells, microRNAs (miRNAs) bind to the genomes of RNA viruses and influence their translation and replication. In London and Berlin samples represented in GISAID database, we traced severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) lineages and divided these sequenced in two groups, “Ancestral variants” and “Omicrons,” and analyzed them through the prism of the tissue‐specific binding between host miRNAs and viral messenger RNAs. We demonstrate a significant number of miRNA‐binding sites in the NSP4 region of the SARS‐CoV‐2 genome, with evidence of evolutionary pressure within this region exerted by human intestinal miRNAs. Notably, in infected cells, NSP4 promotes the formation of double‐membrane vesicles, which serve as the scaffolds for replication‐transcriptional complexes and protect viral RNA from intracellular destruction. In 3 years of selection, the loss of many miRNA‐binding sites in general and those within the NSP4 in particular has shaped the SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes. With that, the descendants of the BA.2 variants were promoted as dominant strains, which define current momentum of the pandemics.
Clinicoradiographic comparative evaluation of 1% melatonin gel plus platelet‐rich fibrin over platelet‐rich fibrin alone in treatment of Grade II furcation defects: A randomized controlled double‐blind clinical trial
Authors: Dhande Srushti K. , Rathod Surekha R. , Kolte Abhay P. , Lathiya Vrushali N. , Kasliwal Palak A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aims to evaluate and compare the effects of 1% melatonin gel plus platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) and PRF alone in treatment of furcation defects, clinically and radiographically using cone‐beam computed tomography.MethodsThis split‐mouth clinical trial included 23 patients with 46 bilateral Grade II furcation defects in first or second maxillary or mandibular molars. Control group was treated with PRF alone while the test group was treated with 1% melatonin gel and PRF. Clinical attachment level (CAL) and horizontal probing depth (HPD) were primary outcome parameters while secondary outcome parameters were pocket probing depth (PPD) and defect volume (DV) assessed at 3 and 6 months postoperatively.ResultsSignificantly greater mean reduction of PPD, HPD, and CAL gain was observed in test group (2.23 ± 0.41, 2.36 ± 0.68, and 2.97 ± 0.62 mm, respectively) in comparison with control group (2.83 ± 0.78, 2.85 ± 0.67, and 3.21 ± 0.86 mm, respectively) at 6 months. A significant reduction in the mean DV was exhibited radiographically in test group (1.06 ± 0.5 mm3) as compared with control group (3.94 ± 1.32 mm3) at the end of 6 months. Both the groups showed improvements in assessed parameters.ConclusionsIn Grade II furcation defects the combination therapy of 1% melatonin + PRF shows a statistically significant degree of bone fill within the periodontal tissues and also better results in terms of decrease in PPD, HPD, and a greater CAL gain.
Mechanistic study on the inhibition of α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase using the extract of ultrasound‐treated coffee leaves
Authors: Sun Yu , Cao Qingwei , Huang Yuanyuan , Lu Tingting , Ma Haile , Chen Xiumin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundOur previous studies have shown that ultrasound‐treated γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐rich coffee leaves have higher angiotensin‐I‐converting enzyme inhibitory activity than their untreated counterpart. However, whether they have antidiabetic activity remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory activities of coffee leaf extracts (CLEs) prepared with ultrasound (CLE‐U) or without ultrasound (CLE‐NU) pretreatment on α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase. Subsequently, we evaluated the binding interaction between CLE‐U and both enzymes using multi‐spectroscopic and in silico analyses.ResultsUltrasound pretreatment increased the inhibitory activities of CLE‐U against α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase by 21.78% and 25.13%, respectively. CLE‐U reversibly inhibits both enzymes, with competitive inhibition observed for α‐amylase and non‐competitive inhibition for α‐glucosidase. The static quenching of CLE‐U against both enzymes was primarily driven by hydrogen bond and van der Waals interactions. The α‐helices of α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase were increased by 1.8% and 21.3%, respectively. Molecular docking results showed that the key differential compounds, including mangiferin, 5‐caffeoylquinic acid, rutin, trigonelline, GABA, caffeine, glutamate, and others, present in coffee leaves interacted with specific amino acid residues located at the active site of α‐amylase (ASP197, GLU233, and ASP300). The binding of α‐glucosidase and these bioactive components involved amino acid residues, such as PHE1289, PRO1329, and GLU1397, located outside the active site.ConclusionUltrasound‐treated coffee leaves are potential anti‐diabetic substances, capable of preventing diabetes by inhibiting the activities of α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase, thus delaying starch digestion. Our study provides valuable information to elucidate the possible antidiabetic capacity of coffee leaves through the inhibition of α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase activities. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Successful rechallenge with avelumab in a patient with advanced Merkel cell carcinoma who presented pembrolizumab‐induced myositis
Authors: Bertold Clémence , Troin Laura , Chassang Madleen , Passeron Thierry , Doyen Jérôme , Montaudié Henri , Picard‐Gauci Alexandra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer, associated with high mortality. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated long‐lasting efficiency for treating advanced MCC. Despite a good safety profile, ICI remain associated with non‐negligible risk of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs), which may require treatment discontinuation if they are severe. We report the case of a long‐lasting complete response to Avelumab after rechallenge in a patient with a metastatic MCC who became resistant to this anti‐Programmed cell Death Ligand 1 (anti‐PD‐L1) treatment and who presented severe neuromuscular toxicity during anti‐PD‐1 treatment with Pembrolizumab, without recurrence of the irAE. The potential specificity of therapeutic properties and irAEs of each ICI supports a personalized management of antitumoral immunogenic response and its adverse effects.
Practical Application of Culture‐Directed Treatment for Chronic Bacterial Laryngitis
Authors: Conti Keith R. , Zhao Adelaide , Hunt Erin , Jaworek Aaron J. 
Published: July 2023

Background/ObjectivesSituated at the center of the upper aerodigestive tract, the larynx often is susceptible to a variety of insults including infection. Manifestations of laryngitis include hoarseness, cough, and sore throat, among others. The purpose of this research is to better understand the clinical presentation and patient characteristics of chronic infectious laryngitis. We aim to better understand when culture‐directed therapy should be initiated in patients presenting to the otolaryngologist with suspected chronic infectious laryngitis and how this may influence treatment outcomes.MethodsA single center, retrospective chart review was performed for patients with laryngitis of >3 weeks duration and who had positive laryngeal cultures obtained at a tertiary referral laryngology office from January 2016 through January 2023.ResultsTwenty‐four patients (ages 36–84 years) with 29 positive cultures of the larynx met inclusion criteria. Ninety percent of patients were already on acid suppression therapy prior to culture acquisition. Fifty‐five percent were immunocompromised. The most common species of bacterial growth included Klebsiella sp. (27.5%), Staphylococcus sp. (27.5%), and methicillin‐resistant staphylococcus sp. (13.7%). Twelve cultures (41.4%) revealed multiple bacterial species, and 10 cultures (34.5%) had concomitant fungal isolates. The average treatment duration was 10 days. Twenty‐one patients (72%) experienced improvement or resolution in symptoms after completion of culture‐directed therapy.ConclusionsThe use of culture‐directed therapy for chronic bacterial laryngitis was helpful in the determination of appropriate treatment in these cases. More studies are needed to determine the optimal timing of cultures, duration of treatment, and implications of concomitant fungal laryngitis.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:335–339, 2024
Association of Sociodemographic Factors on the Presentation and Management of Unilateral Vocal Fold Immobility
Authors: Nourmahnad Anahita , Raslan Shahm , Ezeh Uche C. , Rossborough Jackson , Ma Ruixuan , Anis Mursalin M. 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo determine the association of social determinants of health (SDOH) on the presentation and management of unilateral vocal fold immobility (UVFI).MethodsRetrospective chart review of 207 adult UVFI patients evaluated at a tertiary‐care hospital between 2018 and 2019 was performed. Sociodemographic factors including gender, median household income, preferred language, and insurance type were recorded. Confounding clinical factors including etiology of UVFI, Voice Handicap Index‐10 (VHI‐10) score, laryngoscopic findings, and intervention history were extracted from medical records. Multivariable logistic regression was performed using sociodemographic and clinical factors.ResultsPatient demographics and socioeconomic status were not associated with time to presentation. Patients presenting with glottic insufficiency and UVFI due to malignancy or recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) sacrifice had a shorter time to presentation. Higher household income was associated with greater number of interventions (p = 0.02), but neither income nor insurance type affected intervention type or timing. Female patients were less likely to undergo injection medialization laryngoplasty (odds ratio [OR] 0.25, p = 0.005). Older patients were more likely to undergo injection (OR 1.04, p = 0.027). Patients with large glottic gaps (OR 21.2, p = 0.014) and higher VHI‐10 scores (OR 1.06, p = 0.047) were more likely to undergo surgery.ConclusionHigher household income was associated with greater number of interventions and longer duration of care at a private tertiary‐care hospital. RLN sacrifice, known malignancy, and glottic insufficiency significantly reduced the time to presentation. Type of intervention received was a complex interplay of both demographic and clinical factors. Large prospective studies should examine the role of SDOH in the presentation and management of UVFI.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:297–304, 2024
Role of Microplastics in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Without Nasal Polyps
Authors: Taş Burak Mustafa , Tuna Ayşegül , Başaran Kankılıç Gökben , Koçak Furkan Melih , Şencan Ziya , Cömert Ela , Bayar Muluk Nuray 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the relationship between chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps and microplastics.MethodsA total of 80 patients participated in this prospectively planned study. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 had 50 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps, whereas Group 2 had 30 healthy volunteers. The age and gender of the participants were noted. Nose Obstruction Symptom Evaluation questionnaire was applied to the patients. The patients performed nasal lavage with saline. Microplastics were examined in the collected nasal lavage fluids, and their numbers were noted. The groups were compared on these values.ResultsThe mean age was 38.06 ± 14.15 years in the chronic rhinosinusitis group without nasal polyps and 33.60 ± 11.68 years in the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age and gender. There was a significant difference in the number of microplastics between the chronic rhinosinusitis group without nasal polyps and the control group (p < 0.001). Microplastics were detected in all participants.ConclusionsWe found more microplastics in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps. According to this result, we can say that there may be a relationship between chronic rhinosinusitis and microplastics.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:1077–1080, 2024
Mandarin Chinese version of the Aging Voice Index
Authors: Liao Chia‐En , Chan Roger W. , Zhuang Peiyun , Wang Chi‐Te , Lin Feng‐Chuan , Chen Ying , Yu Huiqin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study developed the Mandarin Chinese version of the Aging Voice Index (AVI), with preliminary validation of the scale for potential clinical applications.Study DesignScale development.MethodsThe experimental procedure involved: (1) cross‐cultural adaptation of the original AVI into the Mandarin Chinese version (CAVI); (2) evaluation by expert panel; (3) back translation; (4) pilot testing; (5) development of the final CAVI; (6) scale validation with 68 older adults of 60–89 years old (29 females and 39 males), 34 with voice disorders and 34 age‐matched with normal voice. Internal consistency reliability, test–retest reliability, content validity, criterion‐related validity, and discriminatory ability (diagnostic accuracy) of the CAVI were evaluated.ResultsThere were high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.9733), high test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.9578, p < 0.01), high content validity (content validity index = 0.9710), high criterion‐related validity (Pearson's r = 0.9439, p < 0.01 between CAVI and Voice Handicap Index‐10; r = 0.8070, p < 0.01 between CAVI and voice‐related quality of life [V‐RQOL]), and significant difference in CAVI scores between the two groups with huge effect size (t(34.69) = −11.59, Cohen's d = 2.81, p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed a high diagnostic accuracy of the CAVI, with an area under the curve of 0.9974 (p < 0.001) and a cut‐off score of 12.0 with 100% sensitivity and 97.1% specificity.ConclusionOur findings suggested that the CAVI could be a reliable and valid standardized self‐assessment questionnaire tool for clinical evaluation of the impact of voice problems specifically for Mandarin‐speaking older adults. Further studies should explore a full‐scale validation of the CAVI for being a standard clinical tool, including for older adults in Mainland China.Level of evidence3b (case–control study).