bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome analyses of murine right and left maxilla–mandibular complex
Authors: Crawford Jacqueline , Morawski Melissa , Eliason Steve , Wuebker Samantha , Van Otterloo Eric , Cao Huojun , Moreno Lina , Amendt Brad , Rengasamy Venugopalan Shankar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to investigate differential gene expression between murine right and left maxilla–mandibular (MxMn) complexes.Setting and Sample PopulationWild‐type (WT) C57BL/6 embryonic (E) day 14.5 (n = 3) and 18.5 (n = 3) murine embryos.MethodsThe E14.5 and 18.5 embryos were harvested and hemi‐sectioned the MxMn complexes into right and left halves in the mid‐sagittal plane. We isolated total RNA using Trizol reagent and further purified using the RNA‐easy kit (QIAGEN). We confirmed equal expression of house‐keeping genes in right and left halves using RT‐PCR and then performed paired‐end whole mRNA sequencing in LC Sciences (Houston, TX) followed by differential transcript analyses (>1 or <−1 log fold change; p < .05; q < .05; and FPKM >0.5 in 2/3 samples). The Mouse Genome Informatics and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man databases as well as gnomAD constraint scores were used to prioritize differentially expressed transcripts.ResultsThere were 19 upregulated and 19 downregulated transcripts at E14.5 and 8 upregulated and 17 downregulated transcripts at E18.5 time‐points. These differentially expressed transcripts were statistically significant and shown to be associated with craniofacial phenotypes in mouse models. These transcripts also have significant gnomAD constraint scores and are enriched in biological processes critical for embryogenesis.ConclusionsWe identified significant differential expression of transcripts between E14.5 and 18.5 murine right and left MxMn complexes. These findings when extrapolated to humans, they may provide a biological basis for facial asymmetry. Further experiments are required to validate these findings in murine models with craniofacial asymmetry.
Using a digital platform to establish odontometric variation based on race, gender and Angle classification
Authors: Daniel S. B. , Wiesen C. , Christensen J. , Frazier‐Bowers S. A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOrthodontists often encounter significant clinical challenges in the finishing stages of treatment due to a disproportion in interarch tooth size relationships. Despite the increasing presence of digital technology and concomitant focus on customized treatment approaches, there is a gap in the knowledge of how generating tooth size data using digital versus traditional methods may impact our treatment regime.ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the prevalence of tooth size discrepancies using digital models and a digitally based cast analysis in our cohort based on (i) Angle's Classification; (ii) gender and (iii) race.Materials and MethodsThe mesiodistal widths of teeth in 101 digital models were assessed using computerized odontometric software. A Chi‐square test was used to determine the prevalence of tooth size disproportions among the study groups. The differences between all three groups of the cohort were analysed using a three‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsAn overall Bolton tooth size discrepancy (TSD) prevalence of 36.6% was observed in our study cohort; 26.7% had an anterior Bolton TSD. No differences existed in the prevalence of tooth size discrepancies between male and female subjects as well as between the different malocclusion groups (P > .05). Caucasian subjects had a statistically significant smaller prevalence of TSD compared to Black and Hispanic patients (P < .05).ConclusionThe prevalence results in this study illuminate how relatively common TSD is and underscores the importance of proper diagnosis. Our findings also suggest that racial background may be an influential factor in the presence of TSD.
The paradox of searching efficiency or why are violent population cycles so uncommon in terrestrial ecosystem
Authors: Oksanen Lauri , Vuorinen Katariina E. M. , Oksanen Tarja 
Published: April 2023

The searching efficiency of predators depends on the balance between the adaptations of the predator and the counter‐adaptations of the prey. In this evolutionary race, the prey should normally have the upper hand, as it can perform tradeoffs between efficiency in resource use and ability to avoid predators. In terrestrial predator–herbivore systems, however, the huge difference in food quality between prey and predators seems to give predators an advantage. In productive terrestrial ecosystems, predators thus chronically overexploit herbivores, i.e. regulate them at densities far below the point of maximum sustainable yield. Assuming type II functional response, this should result in violent limit cycle dynamics. In reality, however, such cycles are only common at high latitudes, whereas the herbivory‐based food webs of species‐rich ecosystems at middle and low latitudes are characterized by asymptotic dynamics, where numerical changes only occur in response to external forcing. One way or another, diversity thus seems to beget stability in terrestrial grazing webs. We propose that strong, donor‐controlled energy flows from the detritus web and directly from plants to predators are the key for the prevalence of asymptotic dynamics at middle and low latitudes. These flows support generalists with type III functional response and, therefore, a capacity to curb budding outbreaks at an early stage. The ongoing extinction wave could critically weaken these stabilizing interactions, which could destabilize currently stable food webs. and result in violent limit cycle dynamics in ecosystems, where the dominating species have evolved under asymptotic dynamics. This could cause secondary extinctions and inflict large economic losses.Keywords: extinction, food webs, limit cycles, overexploitation, searching efficiency, stability
The Fusion Rate of Cortical Bone Trajectory Screw Fixation and Pedicle Screw Fixations in L4‐5 Interbody Fusion: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lin Yuhe , Xu Jie , Zheng Wu 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveAlthough cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screw fixation has been used for several years, the number of studies on its fusion effects is limited. Furthermore, several studies report conflicting outcomes. We aimed to compare the fusion rates and clinical efficacy of CBT screw fixation and pedicle screw (PS) fixation for L4‐L5 interbody fusion.MethodsThis study was a retrospective cohort control study. Patients with lumbar degenerative disease who underwent L4‐L5 oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) or posterior decompression using CBT screws between February 2016 and February 2019 were included. Patients in whom PS was used were matched for age, sex, height, weight, and BMI. Record the operation time, blood loss. All enrolled patients underwent lumbar CT imaging at one‐year follow‐up to evaluate the fusion rate. At the two‐year follow‐up the visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), and Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores (JOA) were used to identify symptom improvement. Independent t‐test was used for the comparison, and score data were analyzed using the χ2 and exact probability tests.ResultsA total of 144 patients with were included. All patients were followed‐up postoperatively for 25–36 months (average 32.42 ± 10.55 months). Twenty‐eight patients underwent OLIF and CBT screw fixation, 36 underwent OLIF and PS fixation, 32 underwent posterior decompression and CBT screw fixation, and 48 underwent posterior decompression and PS fixation. The fusion rates following CBT screw and PS fixations in OLIF were 92.86% (26/28) and 91.67% (33/36), respectively (P = 1). The fusion rates following CBT screw and PS fixations in posterior decompression were 93.75% (30/32) and 93.75% (45/48), respectively (P > 0.05). Regardless of OLIF or posterior decompression, there were no significant differences in the VAS, ODI, and JOA scores between patients treated with CBT and PS (P > 0.05).ConclusionCBT screw fixation can achieve a satisfactory interbody fusion rate with a clinical efficacy similar to that of PS in patients with lumbar degenerative disease, regardless of whether OLIF or posterior decompression was performed.
Does Progesterone Affect Perioperative Blood Loss during Posterior Spinal Fusion Surgeries in Female Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis? A Retrospective Study
Authors: Jiao Yang , Tan Haining , Wang Zhen , Zhao Junduo , Shen Jianxiong 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveMenstruation is considered a contraindication for elective surgery for higher operative blood loss. Progesterone is often used to postpone menstruation to avoid surgery during menstruation. This study aimed to explore whether using progesterone to postpone menstruation affects perioperative blood loss and complications in female patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) who underwent posterior spinal fusion (PSF) surgery.MethodsA retrospective study was performed for female patients diagnosed with AIS who underwent PSF surgery between March 2013 and January 2021. Patients scheduled to undergo PSF surgery from 2 days before menstruation to 3 days after menstruation were treated with progesterone preoperatively. The patients were divided into two groups according to progesterone use (progesterone injection group; control group). Demographic and surgical data including intraoperative blood loss (IBL), normalized blood loss (NBL), total blood loss (TBL), transfusion rate, perioperative complications, postoperative drainage time, postoperative hospital stay, and preoperative coagulation function data were collected.ResultsA total of 206 patients were included in the study. Among them, the progesterone injection group included 41 patients, with an average age of 14.8 years. While the control group included 165 patients, with an average age of 14.9 years. The two groups were matched for age, height, weight, operation time, Risser sign, correction rate, mean curve Cobb angle, bending Cobb angle, number of internal fixations, and number of fused levels (all P > 0.05). Regarding coagulation function, no significant differences were found in thrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, prothrombin time, and platelet count between the two groups (all P > 0.05). IBL, NBL, and TBL were higher in progesterone injection group; however, the difference was nonsignificant (all P > 0.05). Transfusion rate, perioperative complications, postoperative drainage time, and postoperative hospital stay were not statistically different between groups (all P > 0.05).ConclusionIntramuscular injection of progesterone to avoid menstruation during PSF surgery did not affect perioperative blood loss and complications in AIS patients. It may be a safe method for AIS patients to avoid menstrual problems affecting the operation time and receive PSF surgery as scheduled.
Analysis of Brachypodium distachyonUVR8 reveals conservation in UV‐B receptors
Authors: Chen H. , Yin Y. , Niu J. , Kwak J. M. , Du M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The Ultraviolet Resistance Locus 8 (UVR8) in plants recognizes ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) light and plays a crucial role in regulating plant growth through a series of signal transduction events. However, the UVR8 in monocotyledon crops has not yet been systematically analysed.

We identified BdUVR8 (BRADI_3g45740) from the genome of Brachypodium distachyon, a relative of wheat, by analysing the phylogenetic tree, the gene expression pattern, detecting accumulation of UV‐B response metabolites, and checking for phenotype recovery.

The BdUVR8 protein sequence is similar to the known UVR8 of other species. The phylogenetic tree of UVR8 shows clear divergence between dicotyledons and monocotyledons. Expression analysis revealed that UV‐B downregulates BdUVR8 by 70% and upregulates the chalcone synthase (BdCHS) gene 3.4‐fold in B. distachyon. The pCAMBIA1300::BdUVR8‐mCherry construct introduced into Arabidopsis uvr8 mutants showed that the BdUVR8 protein is localized in the cytoplasm and translocates into the nucleus in response to UV‐B irradiation. The introduction of BdUVR8 into uvr8 rescued hypocotyl elongation caused by UV‐B and restored expression of HY5, Chalcone synthase, and Flavanone 3‐hydroxylase, as well as accumulation of total flavonoids.

Together, our results show that BdUVR8 is a photoreceptor that perceives UV‐B in B. distachyon.
Improvised herding: Mapping biobehavioral mechanisms that underlie group efficacy during improvised social interaction
Authors: Greenberg David M. , Milstein Nir , Gilboa Avi , Cohen Shai , Haimovich Nir , Siegman Shahar , Pinhasi Shay , Gordon Ilanit 
Published: April 2023

AbstractImprovisation is a natural occurring phenomenon that is central to social interaction. Yet, improvisation is an understudied area in group processes and intergroup relations. Here we build on theory and research about human herding to study the contributions of improvisation on group efficacy and its biobehavioral underpinnings. We employed a novel multimodal approach and integrative method when observing face‐to‐face interactions—51 triads (total N = 153) drummed together in spontaneous‐free improvisations as a group, while their electrodermal activity was monitored simultaneously with their second‐by‐second rhythmic coordination on a shared electronic drum machine. Our results show that three hypothesized factors of human herding—physiological synchrony, behavioral coordination, and emotional contagion—predict a sense of group efficacy in its group members. These findings are some of the first to show herding at three levels (physiological, behavioral, and mental) in a single study and lay a basis for understanding the role of improvisation in social interaction.
Proximal to distal sequencing impacts on maximum shoulder joint angles and the risk of impingement in baseball pitching involving a scapular independent thoracohumeral model
Authors: Yanai Toshimasa , Crotin Ryan , Du Tanghuizi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundHyperangulation of the scapulohumeral joint due to poor coordination of the scapula during throwing motion is claimed to be a major cause of internal impingement in baseball pitchers. However, evidence of injurious scapular kinematics is lacking, particularly regarding how hyperangularion actually occurs in full‐effort pitching. The purpose of this study was to describe sequential scapular motions involved in attaining maximum joint angles during pitching and the implications for internal impingement in elite baseball pitchers.MethodsAn electromagnetic goniometer system computed kinematics for pelvis, thorax, scapulae, arms, and forearms during baseball pitching in 72 pitchers. Internal impingement risk was assessed based on kinematic characteristics of internal impingement quantified in a cadaveric study.ResultsThe pelvis, thorax, and scapula rotated in the proximal‐to‐distal sequence. Large forearm layback observed near the end of the cocking phase (182 ± 27°) was achieved with a submaximal scapulohumeral external rotation (98 ± 14°). In the next 0.027 ± 0.007 s, forward thoracic rotation and then scapular rotation caused increased scapulohumeral external rotation to a maximum of 113 ± 14°. Here, humeral horizontal adduction and scapula protraction occurred simultaneously preventing the humerus from lagging further behind the scapula. Only one participant reached critical hyperangulation beyond which internal impingement was reported to occur.ConclusionMost elite pitchers safely attained the fully cocked position, yet off‐timed recoiling of scapular protraction caused hyperangulation in full‐effort pitching. Therefore, proximal‐distal sequencing between the scapula and humerus should be evaluated to lessen the risk of internal impingement in baseball pitchers.
Etanercept ameliorates psoriasis progression through regulating high mobility group box 1 pathway
Authors: Li Shu , Li Guangli , Li Xiaoyan , Wu Fan , Li Ling 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs a common skin disease, psoriasis is related to inflammation and immune response. Due to the frequent recurrence of psoriasis, the treatment of psoriasis remains a clinical challenge. As an effective tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) inhibitor, etanercept has been used for the treatment of psoriasis. However, some patients with psoriasis have no response to etanercept or discontinue treatment. To improve the therapeutic effect of etanercept, searching the potential biomarkers and investigating the related mechanisms of etanercept in the treatment of psoriasis are vital.Materials and methodsWe stimulated HaCaT cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to generate cellular psoriatic changes and established an imiquimod (IMQ)‐induced psoriasis‐like mouse model, and then used an etanercept to treat cell and mouse model.ResultsEtanercept alleviated IMQ‐induced pathological changes and inflammation, and it also decreased the protein expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), receptor for advanced glycation end‐products, and toll‐like receptor 4. Moreover, the results of in vitro experiments showed that etanercept inhibited proliferation and inflammation, and promoted cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in LPS‐treated HaCaT cells. Knockdown of HMGB1 further enhanced the inhibitory effects of etanercept on LPS‐treated HaCaT cell viability and inflammation, while overexpression of HMGB1 notably reversed the inhibitory effects of etanercept on LPS‐induced HaCaT cell viability and inflammation.ConclusionEtanercept inhibited proliferation and inflammation and promoted cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in LPS‐induced HaCaT cells, and etanercept ameliorated inflammation in a psoriasis‐like mouse model.
Barriers and facilitators to cord blood banking among pregnant women at a university obstetric clinic
Authors: Mayfield Laura , Rojo Martha , Kalkwarf Shannon , Helmich Melissa , Jin Jing , Wells Cheryl , Badger Plummer , Cottler‐Fox Michele 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundCord blood (CB) is a cell source for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In 2019, the percentage of births with CB collected for banking was only 3% nationally and 0.05% in our state. To increase CB donations, we need to understand pregnant women's awareness and knowledge of, plus barriers and facilitators to, CB banking (CBB).Study Design and MethodsWe recruited 289 women in their third trimester from an academic obstetric clinic between October 2020 and May 2021. Women attending this clinic come from all parts of the state in addition to local city residents. After agreeing to participate, participants completed a survey using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap). Data were analyzed using SAS version 9.4.ResultsExactly 58.9% of participants had heard of CBB, but only 26.53% understood its purpose; 10.03% indicated someone had discussed CBB with them, and 61.3% were undecided about it. The preferred source of information was the clinic provider (82.1%), followed by CB bank staff (36.8%). The requested mode for receiving information was face‐to‐face with their provider, including written materials. Income, education, and marital status did not have a significant influence on information preferences.DiscussionLack of knowledge continues to be a major barrier to CBB. Developing educational interventions based on womens' preferences may increase understanding of CBB. Study participants preferred that the healthcare provider deliver this information. This study was done in a primarily rural, southern state, while previous studies were in larger metropolitan areas, yet results are comparable.
A chronic high‐fat diet does not exacerbate muscle atrophy in fast‐twitch skeletal muscle of aged mice
Authors: Tagawa Tsutomu , Eshima Hiroaki , Kakehi Saori , Kawamori Ryuzo , Watada Hirotaka , Tamura Yoshifumi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObesity and ageing reduce muscle mass and lead to deficits in muscle maintenance, but it is not known whether obesity accelerates muscle wasting additively in the setting of ageing. We investigated morphological characteristics in fast‐twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of mice fed a low‐fat diet (LFD) or a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 4 or 20 months. The fast‐twitch EDL muscle was harvested, and the muscle fibre‐type composition, individual muscle cross‐sectional area and myotube diameter were measured. We found an increase in the percentage of type IIa and IIx myosin heavy chain fibres in the whole EDL muscle, but a decrease in type IIB myosin heavy chain in both HFD protocols. The cross‐sectional area and myofibre diameter were lower in both groups of aged mice (after 20 months of LFD or HFD) compared with young mice (after 4 months of the diets), but there were no differences between mice fed LFD or HFD for 20 months. These data suggest that long‐term feeding of HFD does not aggravate muscle wasting in fast‐twitch EDL muscle of male mice.
Beam-Like Topologically Interlocked Structures With Hierarchical Interlocking
Authors: Koureas Ioannis , Pundir Mohit , Feldfogel Shai , Kammer David S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Topologically interlocked materials and structures, which are assemblies of unbonded interlocking building blocks, are promising concepts for versatile structural applications. They have been shown to exhibit exceptional mechanical properties, including outstanding combinations of stiffness, strength, and toughness, beyond those achievable with common engineering materials. Recent work has established a theoretical upper limit for the strength and toughness of beam-like topologically interlocked structures. However, this theoretical limit is only attainable for structures with unrealistically high friction coefficients; therefore, it remains unknown whether it is achievable in actual structures. Here, we demonstrate that a hierarchical approach for topological interlocking, inspired by biological systems, overcomes these limitations and provides a path toward optimized mechanical performance. We consider beam-like topologically interlocked structures that present a sinusoidal surface morphology with controllable amplitude and wavelength and examine the properties of the structures using numerical simulations. The results show that the presence of surface morphologies increases the effective frictional strength of the interfaces and, if well-designed, enables us to reach the theoretical limit of the structural carrying capacity with realistic friction coefficients. Furthermore, we observe that the contribution of the surface morphology to the effective friction coefficient of the interface is well described by a criterion combining the surface curvature and surface gradient. Our study demonstrates the ability to architecture the surface morphology in beam-like topological interlocked structures to significantly enhance its structural performance.