bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabis use may attenuate neurocognitive performance deficits resulting from methamphetamine use disorder
Authors: Rogers Jeffrey M. , Grant Igor , Marcondes Maria Cecilia G. , Morgan Erin E. , Cherner Mariana , Ellis Ronald J. , Letendre Scott L. , Heaton Robert K. , Iudicello Jennifer E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjective:Methamphetamine and cannabis are two widely used, and frequently co-used, substances with possibly opposing effects on the central nervous system. Evidence of neurocognitive deficits related to use is robust for methamphetamine and mixed for cannabis. Findings regarding their combined use are inconclusive. We aimed to compare neurocognitive performance in people with lifetime cannabis or methamphetamine use disorder diagnoses, or both, relative to people without substance use disorders.Method:423 (71.9% male, aged 44.6 ± 14.2 years) participants, stratified by presence or absence of lifetime methamphetamine (M−/M+) and/or cannabis (C−/C+) DSM-IV abuse/dependence, completed a comprehensive neuropsychological, substance use, and psychiatric assessment. Neurocognitive domain T-scores and impairment rates were examined using multiple linear and binomial regression, respectively, controlling for covariates that may impact cognition.Results:Globally, M+C+ performed worse than M−C− but better than M+C−. M+C+ outperformed M+C− on measures of verbal fluency, information processing speed, learning, memory, and working memory. M−C+ did not display lower performance than M−C− globally or on any domain measures, and M−C+ even performed better than M−C− on measures of learning, memory, and working memory.Conclusions:Our findings are consistent with prior work showing that methamphetamine use confers risk for worse neurocognitive outcomes, and that cannabis use does not appear to exacerbate and may even reduce this risk. People with a history of cannabis use disorders performed similarly to our nonsubstance using comparison group and outperformed them in some domains. These findings warrant further investigation as to whether cannabis use may ameliorate methamphetamine neurotoxicity.
Process Data in Computer-Based Assessment
Authors: Lindner Marlit Annalena , Greiff Samuel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract: This editorial provides a comprehensive framework and overview of potential uses and next steps in research on process data in computer-based assessments, expanding toward broad perspectives on the field and an exploration of future directions and emerging trends. After briefly reflecting on the evolution of process data use in research and assessment practice, we discuss three key challenges, namely (1) the theoretical grounding and validation of process data indicators, (2) assessment design for process data, and (3) ethical standards. By considering best practice approaches in all three areas and current discussions in the literature, we conclude that a focus is needed on the following three areas: (1) strong, holistic theoretical frameworks for validating process data, (2) reliable, standardized data collections, preferably with a top-down approach to developing test items and preregistered hypotheses, and (3) ethical norms for data collection, data use, and guidelines for responsible inference, including restraints in decisions based on process data.
Rainfall and Salinity Effects on Future Pacific Climate Change
Authors: Kim Hyuna , Timmermann Axel , Lee Sun‐Seon , Schloesser Fabian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMost climate models simulate an intensified eastern equatorial Pacific warming in response to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. So far, the proposed mechanisms have focused on thermodynamic aspects such as the spatial inhomogeneity of evaporative feedbacks, and future increases in upper ocean thermal stratification, partly intensified by projected Walker circulation weakening. Here we show, using earth system model freshwater perturbation experiments, that the simulated future rainfall intensification along the equator plays an important role in tropical climate change. Associated negative equatorial salinity anomalies of about −0.6 permil, which are very similar to the projected late 21st century salinity anomalies in CMIP6 SSP585 scenario, strengthen upper ocean stratification in the Pacific which leads to a flattening of the thermocline, shoaling of the equatorial undercurrent, and major shifts in tropical ocean dynamics. The resulting eastern basin equatorial warming also contributes to a marked weakening of the Pacific Walker circulation. Our analysis illustrates the importance of rainfall and salinity changes in the tropical climate system with relevance for understanding both, patterns of future climate change as well as the El Niño Southern Oscillation phenomenon.
Metasomatism and Slow Slip: Talc Production Along the Flat Subduction Plate Interface Beneath Mexico (Guerrero)
Authors: Lindquist P. C. , Condit C. B. , Hoover W. F. , Hernández‐Uribe D. , Guevara V. E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTalc‐rich rocks are common in exhumed subduction zone terranes and may explain geophysical observations of the subduction zone interface, particularly beneath Guerrero, Mexico, where the Cocos plate subducts horizontally beneath North America and episodic tremor and slow slip (ETS) occurs. We present petrologic models exploring (a) the degree of silica metasomatism required to produce talc in serpentinized peridotites at the pressure‐temperature conditions of the plate interface beneath Guerrero and (b) the amount of silica‐bearing water produced by rocks from the subducting Cocos plate and the location of fluid pulses. We estimate the volumes of talc produced by the advection of silica‐rich fluids into serpentinized peridotites at the plate interface over the history of the flat‐slab system. In the ETS‐hosting region, serpentinites must achieve ∼43 wt. % SiO2 to stabilize talc, but minor additions of silica beyond this produce large volumes of talc. Our models of Cocos plate dehydration predict that water flux into the interface averages 3.9 × 104 kg m−2 Myr−1 but suggest that only where subducting basalts undergo major dehydration reactions will sufficient amounts of silica‐rich fluids be produced to drive significant metasomatism. We suggest that talc produced by advective transport of aqueous silica alone cannot account for geophysical interpretations of km‐thick zones of talc‐rich rocks beneath Guerrero, although silica‐bearing fluids that migrate along the plate interface may promote broader metasomatism. Regions of predicted talc production do, however, overlap with the spatial occurrence of ETS, consistent with models of slow slip based on the frictional deformation of metasomatic lithologies.
Comment on “Inner Core Rotation Captured by Earthquake Doublets and Twin Stations” by Yang and Song
Authors: Tian Dongdong , Wen Lianxing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractYang & Song (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098393) first claimed existence of Earth's inner core differential rotation based on the waveform similarity of two neighboring stations AAK and KZA across an earthquake doublet and then postulated a local velocity gradient at the top of the inner core based on the difference of PKiKP‐PKIKP differential times between the stations and inferred inner core differential rotation rate. In this comment, we collectively analyze the seismic data in the region and add the data of another nearby station HORS into analysis. HORS and KZA, located in an opposite direction away from AAK, consistently exhibit high waveform similarity. Collective analysis of seismic data demonstrates the invalidity of both their logic of claiming existence of inner core differential rotation and their postulation of “a local inner core gradient” to infer differential rotation. Localized and episodic inner core surface change provides a physically consistent explanation to the seismic data.
Reduced smooth muscle-fibroblasts transformation potentially decreases intestinal wound healing and colitis-associated cancer in ageing mice
Authors: Liu Yi , Ji Yanhong , Jiang Ruiyi , Fang Chao , Shi Gang , Cheng Lin , Zuo Yinan , Ye Yixin , Su Xiaolan , Li Junshu , Wang Huiling , Wang Yuan , Lin Yi , Dai Lei , Zhang Shuang , Deng Hongxin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCancer and impaired tissue wound healing with ageing are closely related to the quality of life of the elderly population. Given the increased incidence of cancer and the population ageing trend globally, it is very important to explore how ageing impairs tissue wound healing and spontaneous cancer. In a murine model of DSS-induced acute colitis and AOM/DSS-induced colitis-associated cancer (CAC), we found ageing significantly decreases intestinal wound healing and simultaneous CAC initiation, although ageing does not affect the incidence of AOM-induced, sporadic non-inflammatory CRC. Mechanistically, reduced fibroblasts were observed in the colitis microenvironment of ageing mice. Through conditional lineage tracing, an important source of fibroblasts potentially derived from intestinal smooth muscle cells (ISMCs) was identified orchestrating intestinal wound healing and CAC initiation in young mice. However, the number of transformed fibroblasts from ISMCs significantly decreased in ageing mice, accompanied by decreased intestinal wound healing and decreased CAC initiation. ISMCs-fibroblasts transformation in young mice and reduction of this transformation in ageing mice were also confirmed by ex-vivo intestinal muscular layer culture experiments. We further found that activation of YAP/TAZ in ISMCs is required for the transformation of ISMCs into fibroblasts. Meanwhile, the reduction of YAP/TAZ activation in ISMCs during intestinal wound healing was observed in ageing mice. Conditional knockdown of YAP/TAZ in ISMCs of young mice results in reduced fibroblasts in the colitis microenvironment, decreased intestinal wound healing and decreased CAC initiation, similar to the phenotype of ageing mice. In addition, the data from intestine samples derived from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients show that activation of YAP/TAZ also occurs in ISMCs from these patients. Collectively, our work reveals an important role of the ageing stromal microenvironment in intestinal wound healing and CAC initiation. Furthermore, our work also identified a potential source of fibroblasts involved in colitis and CAC.
Physiological and evolutionary contexts of a new symbiotic species from the nitrogen-recycling gut community of turtle ants
Authors: Béchade Benoît , Cabuslay Christian S , Hu Yi , Mendonca Caroll M , Hassanpour Bahareh , Lin Jonathan Y , Su Yangzhou , Fiers Valerie J , Anandarajan Dharman , Lu Richard , Olson Chandler J , Duplais Christophe , Rosen Gail L , Moreau Corrie S , Aristilde Ludmilla , Wertz John T , Russell Jacob A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
While genome sequencing has expanded our knowledge of symbiosis, role assignment within multi-species microbiomes remains challenging due to genomic redundancy and the uncertainties of in vivo impacts. We address such questions, here, for a specialized nitrogen (N) recycling microbiome of turtle ants, describing a new genus and species of gut symbiont—Ischyrobacter davidsoniae (Betaproteobacteria: Burkholderiales: Alcaligenaceae)—and its in vivo physiological context. A re-analysis of amplicon sequencing data, with precisely assigned Ischyrobacter reads, revealed a seemingly ubiquitous distribution across the turtle ant genus Cephalotes, suggesting ≥50 million years since domestication. Through new genome sequencing, we also show that divergent I. davidsoniae lineages are conserved in their uricolytic and urea-generating capacities. With phylogenetically refined definitions of Ischyrobacter and separately domesticated Burkholderiales symbionts, our FISH microscopy revealed a distinct niche for I. davidsoniae, with dense populations at the anterior ileum. Being positioned at the site of host N-waste delivery, in vivo metatranscriptomics and metabolomics further implicate I. davidsoniae within a symbiont-autonomous N-recycling pathway. While encoding much of this pathway, I. davidsoniae expressed only a subset of the requisite steps in mature adult workers, including the penultimate step deriving urea from allantoate. The remaining steps were expressed by other specialized gut symbionts. Collectively, this assemblage converts inosine, made from midgut symbionts, into urea and ammonia in the hindgut. With urea supporting host amino acid budgets and cuticle synthesis, and with the ancient nature of other active N-recyclers discovered here, I. davidsoniae emerges as a central player in a conserved and impactful, multipartite symbiosis.
Validation of the molecular international prognostic scoring system in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes defined by international consensus classification
Authors: Lee Wan-Hsuan , Tsai Ming-Tao , Tsai Cheng-Hong , Tien Feng-Ming , Lo Min-Yen , Tseng Mei-Hsuan , Kuo Yuan-Yeh , Liu Ming-Chih , Yang Yi-Tsung , Chen Jui-Che , Tang Jih-Luh , Sun Hsun-I , Chuang Yi-Kuang , Lin Liang-In , Chou Wen-Chien , Lin Chien-Chin , Hou Hsin-An , Tien Hwei-Fang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have varied prognoses and require a risk-adapted treatment strategy for treatment optimization. Recently, a molecular prognostic model (Molecular International Prognostic Scoring System [IPSS-M]) that combines clinical parameters, cytogenetic abnormalities, and mutation topography was proposed. This study validated the IPSS-M in 649 patients with primary MDS (based on the 2022 International Consensus Classification [ICC]) and compared its prognostic power to those of the IPSS and revised IPSS (IPSS-R). Overall, 42.5% of the patients were reclassified and 29.3% were up-staged from the IPSS-R. After the reclassification, 16.9% of the patients may receive different treatment strategies. The IPSS-M had greater discriminative potential than the IPSS-R and IPSS. Patients with high, or very high-risk IPSS-M might benefit from allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. IPSS-M, age, ferritin level, and the 2022 ICC categorization predicted outcomes independently. After analyzing demographic and genetic features, complementary genetic analyses, including KMT2A-PTD, were suggested for accurate IPSS-M categorization of patients with ASXL1, TET2, STAG2, RUNX1, SF3B1, SRSF2, DNMT3A, U2AF1, and BCOR mutations and those classified as MDS, not otherwise specified with single lineage dysplasia/multi-lineage dysplasia based on the 2022 ICC. This study confirmed that the IPSS-M can better risk-stratified MDS patients for optimized therapeutic decision-making.
Effects of COVID-19 vaccination and previous infection on Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection and relation with serology
Authors: de Gier Brechje , Huiberts Anne J. , Hoeve Christina E. , den Hartog Gerco , van Werkhoven Henri , van Binnendijk Rob , Hahné Susan J. M. , de Melker Hester E. , van den Hof Susan , Knol Mirjam J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn increasing proportion of the population has acquired immunity through COVID-19 vaccination and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, i.e., hybrid immunity, possibly affecting the risk of new infection. We aim to estimate the protective effect of previous infections and vaccinations on SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection, using data from 43,257 adult participants in a prospective community-based cohort study in the Netherlands, collected between 10 January 2022 and 1 September 2022. Our results show that, for participants with 2, 3 or 4 prior immunizing events (vaccination or previous infection), hybrid immunity is more protective against infection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron than vaccine-induced immunity, up to at least 30 weeks after the last immunizing event. Differences in risk of infection are partly explained by differences in anti-Spike RBD (S) antibody concentration, which is associated with risk of infection in a dose-response manner. Among participants with hybrid immunity, with one previous pre-Omicron infection, we do not observe a relevant difference in risk of Omicron infection by sequence of vaccination(s) and infection. Additional immunizing events increase the protection against infection, but not above the level of the first weeks after the previous event.
Structural basis for a degenerate tRNA identity code and the evolution of bimodal specificity in human mitochondrial tRNA recognition
Authors: Kuhle Bernhard , Hirschi Marscha , Doerfel Lili K. , Lander Gabriel C. , Schimmel Paul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAnimal mitochondrial gene expression relies on specific interactions between nuclear-encoded aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and mitochondria-encoded tRNAs. Their evolution involves an antagonistic interplay between strong mutation pressure on mtRNAs and selection pressure to maintain their essential function. To understand the molecular consequences of this interplay, we analyze the human mitochondrial serylation system, in which one synthetase charges two highly divergent mtRNASer isoacceptors. We present the cryo-EM structure of human mSerRS in complex with mtRNASer(UGA), and perform a structural and functional comparison with the mSerRS-mtRNASer(GCU) complex. We find that despite their common function, mtRNASer(UGA) and mtRNASer(GCU) show no constrain to converge on shared structural or sequence identity motifs for recognition by mSerRS. Instead, mSerRS evolved a bimodal readout mechanism, whereby a single protein surface recognizes degenerate identity features specific to each mtRNASer. Our results show how the mutational erosion of mtRNAs drove a remarkable innovation of intermolecular specificity rules, with multiple evolutionary pathways leading to functionally equivalent outcomes.
Theory predicts UV/vis-to-IR photonic down conversion mediated by excited state vibrational polaritons
Authors: Terry Weatherly Connor K. , Provazza Justin , Weiss Emily A. , Tempelaar Roel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis work proposes a photophysical phenomenon whereby ultraviolet/visible (UV/vis) excitation of a molecule involving a Franck-Condon (FC) active vibration yields infrared (IR) emission by strong coupling to an optical cavity. The resulting UV/vis-to-IR photonic down conversion process is mediated by vibrational polaritons in the electronic excited state potential. It is shown that the formation of excited state vibrational polaritons (ESVP) via UV/vis excitation only involve vibrational modes with both a non-zero FC activity and IR activity in the excited state. Density functional theory calculations are used to identify 1-Pyreneacetic acid as a molecule with this property and the dynamics of ESVP are modeled. Overall, this work introduces an avenue of polariton chemistry where excited state dynamics are influenced by the formation of vibrational polaritons. Along with this, the UV/vis-to-IR photonic down conversion is potentially useful in both sensing excited state vibrations and quantum transduction schemes.
Dynamics of cortical contrast adaptation predict perception of signals in noise
Authors: Angeloni Christopher F. , Młynarski Wiktor , Piasini Eugenio , Williams Aaron M. , Wood Katherine C. , Garami Linda , Hermundstad Ann M. , Geffen Maria N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNeurons throughout the sensory pathway adapt their responses depending on the statistical structure of the sensory environment. Contrast gain control is a form of adaptation in the auditory cortex, but it is unclear whether the dynamics of gain control reflect efficient adaptation, and whether they shape behavioral perception. Here, we trained mice to detect a target presented in background noise shortly after a change in the contrast of the background. The observed changes in cortical gain and behavioral detection followed the dynamics of a normative model of efficient contrast gain control; specifically, target detection and sensitivity improved slowly in low contrast, but degraded rapidly in high contrast. Auditory cortex was required for this task, and cortical responses were not only similarly affected by contrast but predicted variability in behavioral performance. Combined, our results demonstrate that dynamic gain adaptation supports efficient coding in auditory cortex and predicts the perception of sounds in noise.
Profiling cell envelope-antibiotic interactions reveals vulnerabilities to β-lactams in a multidrug-resistant bacterium
Authors: Hogan Andrew M. , Rahman A. S. M. Zisanur , Motnenko Anna , Natarajan Aakash , Maydaniuk Dustin T. , León Beltina , Batun Zayra , Palacios Armando , Bosch Alejandra , Cardona Silvia T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) presents unique restrictions to antibiotic penetration. As a consequence, Bcc species are notorious for causing recalcitrant multidrug-resistant infections in immunocompromised individuals. Here, we present the results of a genome-wide screen for cell envelope-associated resistance and susceptibility determinants in a Burkholderia cenocepacia clinical isolate. For this purpose, we construct a high-density, randomly-barcoded transposon mutant library and expose it to 19 cell envelope-targeting antibiotics. By quantifying relative mutant fitness with BarSeq, followed by validation with CRISPR-interference, we profile over a hundred functional associations and identify mediators of antibiotic susceptibility in the Bcc cell envelope. We reveal connections between β-lactam susceptibility, peptidoglycan synthesis, and blockages in undecaprenyl phosphate metabolism. The synergy of the β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination ceftazidime/avibactam is primarily mediated by inhibition of the PenB carbapenemase. In comparison with ceftazidime, avibactam more strongly potentiates the activity of aztreonam and meropenem in a panel of Bcc clinical isolates. Finally, we characterize in Bcc the iron and receptor-dependent activity of the siderophore-cephalosporin antibiotic, cefiderocol. Our work has implications for antibiotic target prioritization, and for using additional combinations of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors that can extend the utility of current antibacterial therapies.
Single-cell analysis reveals region-heterogeneous responses in rhesus monkey spinal cord with complete injury
Authors: Fan Yongheng , Wu Xianming , Han Sufang , Zhang Qi , Sun Zheng , Chen Bing , Xue Xiaoyu , Zhang Haipeng , Chen Zhenni , Yin Man , Xiao Zhifeng , Zhao Yannan , Dai Jianwu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) leads to severe sensory and motor dysfunction below the lesion. However, the cellular dynamic responses and heterogeneity across different regions below the lesion remain to be elusive. Here, we used single-cell transcriptomics to investigate the region-related cellular responses in female rhesus monkeys with complete thoracic SCI from acute to chronic phases. We found that distal lumbar tissue cells were severely impacted, leading to degenerative microenvironments characterized by disease-associated microglia and oligodendrocytes activation alongside increased inhibitory interneurons proportion following SCI. By implanting scaffold into the injury sites, we could improve the injury microenvironment through glial cells and fibroblast regulation while remodeling spared lumbar tissues via reduced inhibitory neurons proportion and improved phagocytosis and myelination. Our findings offer crucial pathological insights into the spared distal tissues and proximal tissues after SCI, emphasizing the importance of scaffold-based treatment approaches targeting heterogeneous microenvironments.