bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Connectivity and Complexity Analyses of Resting-State fMRI in Pre-Adolescents with ADHD
Authors: Zhang Ru , Murray Stuart B. , Duval Christina J. , Wang Danny J.J. , Jann Kay 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been characterized by impairments among distributed functional brain networks, e.g., the frontoparietal network (FPN), default mode network (DMN), and reward and motivation-related circuits (RMN). In the current study, we evaluated the complexity and functional connectivity (FC) of resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) in pre-adolescents with ADHD for pathology-relevant networks.We leveraged data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. The final study sample included 63 children with ADHD and 92 healthy control children matched on age, sex, and pubertal development status. For selected regions in relevant networks, ANCOVA compared multiscale entropy (MSE) and FC between the groups. Finally, differences in the association between MSE and FC were evaluated.We found significantly reduced MSE along with increased FC within the FPN of pre-adolescents with ADHD compared to matched healthy controls. Significant partial correlations between MSE and FC emerged in fewer regions in the participants with ADHD than in the controls.The observation of reduced entropy is consistent with existing literature using rsfMRI and other neuroimaging modalities. The current findings of complexity and FC in ADHD support hypotheses of altered function of inhibitory control networks in ADHD.
Genomic and eco-epidemiological investigations in Uruguay reveal local Chikungunya virus transmission dynamics during its expansion across the Americas in 2023
Authors: Burgueño Analía , Giovanetti Marta , Fonseca Vagner , Morel Noelia , Lima Mauricio , Castro Emerson , Guimarães Natália R. , Iani Felipe C. M. , Bormida Victoria , Cortinas Maria Noel , Ramas Viviana , Coppola Leticia , Bento Ana I. , Franco Leticia , Rico Jairo Mendez , Lourenço José , Alcantara Luiz Carlos Junior , Chiparelli Hector 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUruguay experienced its first Chikungunya virus outbreak in 2023, resulting in a significant burden to its healthcare system. We conducted analysis based on real-time genomic surveillance (30 novel whole genomes) to offer timely insights into recent local transmission dynamics and eco-epidemiological factors behind its emergence and spread in the country.
India Hypertension Control Initiative- Blood Pressure Control using Drug and Dose-Specific Standard Treatment Protocol at Scale in Punjab and Maharashtra, India, 2022
Authors: Kaur Prabhdeep , Sakthivel Manikandanesan , Venkatasamy Vettrichelvan , Jogewar Padmaja , Gill Sandeep S , Kunwar Abhishek , Sharma Meenakshi , Pathni Anupam Khungar , Durgad Kiran , Sahoo Swagata Kumar , Wankhede Amol , Kumar Navneet , Bharadwaj Vishwajit , Das Bidisha , Chavan Tejpalsinh , Khedkar Suhas , Sarode Lalit , Bangar Sampada D , Krishna Ashish , Shivashankar Roopa , Ganeshkumar Parasuraman , Pragya Pragati , Bhargava Balram 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundHypertension treatment coverage is low in India. A stepwise simple treatment protocol is one of the strategies to improve hypertension treatment in primary care. We estimated the effectiveness of various protocol steps to achieve blood pressure (BP) control in public sector health facilities in Punjab and Maharashtra, India, where the India Hypertension Control Initiative (IHCI) was implemented.MethodsWe analyzed the records of people enrolled for hypertension treatment and follow-up under IHCI between January 2018 and December 2021 in public sector primary and secondary care facilities across 23 districts from two states. Each state followed a different treatment protocol. We calculated the proportion with controlled BP at each step of the protocol. We also estimated the mean decline in BP pre-and post-treatment.ResultsOf 281,209 patients initiated on Amlodipine 5 mg, 159,292 continued on protocol drugs and came for a follow-up visit during the first quarter of 2022. Of 33,450 individuals who came for the follow-up in Punjab and 125,842 in Maharashtra, 70% and 76% had controlled BP, respectively, at the first step with Amlodipine 5 mg. In Punjab, at the second step with amlodipine 10 mg, the cumulative BP control increased to 75%. A similar 5% (76% to 81%) increase was seen in the second step after adding Telmisartan 40 mg in Maharashtra. Overall, the mean (SD) systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased by 16 mmHg from 148 (15) mmHg at the baseline in Punjab. In Maharashtra, the decline in the mean (SD) SBP was about 15 mmHg from the 144 (18) mmHg baseline.ConclusionSimple drug- and dose-specific protocols helped achieve a high control rate among patients retained in care under program conditions. We recommend treatment protocols starting with a single low-cost drug and escalating with the same or another antihypertensive drug depending on the cost and availability.
Prevalence of plantar ulcer and its risk factors in leprosy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Govindasamy Karthikeyan , Darlong Joydeepa , Watson Samuel I , Gill Paramjit 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPlantar ulcers are a leading complication of leprosy that requires frequent visits to hospital and is associated with stigma. The extent of burden of ulcers in leprosy and its risk factors are scant impeding the development of targeted interventions to prevent and promote healing of ulcers. The aim of this review is to generate evidence on the prevalence of plantar ulcer and its risk factors in leprosy.Methodology/Principal findingsDatabases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, BVS), conference abstracts and reference lists were searched for eligible studies. Studies were included that reported a point prevalence of plantar ulcer and/or its “risk factors” associated with development of ulcers (either causatively or predictively), including individual level, disease related and bio-mechanical factors. We followed PRISMA guidelines for this review. Random-effects meta-analysis was undertaken to estimate the pooled point prevalence of ulcers. Reported risk factors in included studies were narratively synthesised. This review is registered in PROSPERO: CRD42022316726.Overall, 15 studies (8 for prevalence of ulcer and 7 for risk factors) met the inclusion criteria. The pooled point prevalence of ulcer was 34% (95% CIs: 21%, 46%) and 7% (95% CIs: 4%, 11%) among those with foot anaesthesia and among all people affected by leprosy, respectively. Risk factors for developing ulcers included: unable to feel 10 grams of monofilament on sensory testing, pronated/hyper-pronated foot, foot with peak plantar pressure, foot with severe deformities, and those with lower education and the unemployed.Conclusions/SignificanceThe prevalence of plantar ulceration in leprosy is as high as 34% among those with loss of sensation in the feet. However, the incidence and recurrence rates of ulceration are least reported. The inability to feel 10 grams of monofilament appears to be a strong predictor of those at risk of developing ulcers. However, there is a paucity of evidence on identifying those at risk of developing plantar ulcers in leprosy. Prospective studies are needed to estimate the incidence of ulcers. Identifying individuals at risk of ulcers will help design targeted interventions to minimize risk factors, prevent ulcers and promote ulcer healing.
Proteome-Wide Association Studies for Blood Lipids and Comparison with Transcriptome-Wide Association Studies
Authors: Zhang Daiwei , Gao Boran , Feng Qidi , Manichaikul Ani , Peloso Gina M. , Tracy Russell P. , Durda Peter , Taylor Kent D. , Liu Yongmei , Johnson W. Craig , Gabriel Stacey , Gupta Namrata , Smith Joshua D. , Aguet Francois , Ardlie Kristin G. , Blackwell Thomas W. , Gerszten Robert E. , Rich Stephen S. , Rotter Jerome I. , Scott Laura J. , Zhou Xiang , Lee Seunggeun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBlood lipid traits are treatable and heritable risk factors for heart disease, a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have discovered hundreds of variants associated with lipids in humans, most of the causal mechanisms of lipids remain unknown. To better understand the biological processes underlying lipid metabolism, we investigated the associations of plasma protein levels with total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) in blood. We trained protein prediction models based on samples in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and applied them to conduct proteome-wide association studies (PWAS) for lipids using the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (GLGC) data. Of the 749 proteins tested, 42 were significantly associated with at least one lipid trait. Furthermore, we performed transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) for lipids using 9,714 gene expression prediction models trained on samples from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in MESA and 49 tissues in the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. We found that although PWAS and TWAS can show different directions of associations in an individual gene, 40 out of 49 tissues showed a positive correlation between PWAS and TWAS signed p-values across all the genes, which suggests a high-level consistency between proteome-lipid associations and transcriptome-lipid associations.
High-throughput Extracellular Matrix Proteomics of Human Lungs Enabled by Photocleavable Surfactant and diaPASEF
Authors: Bayne Elizabeth F. , Buck Kevin M. , Towler Anna G. , Zhu Yanlong , Pergande Melissa , Zhou Tianhua , Price Scott , Rossler Kalina J. , Morales-Tirado Vanessa , Lloyd Sarah , Wang Fei , He Yupeng , Tian Yu , Ge Ying 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex assembly of proteins that provide interstitial scaffolding and elastic recoil to human lungs. The pulmonary extracellular matrix (ECM) is increasingly recognized as an independent bioactive entity by creating biochemical and mechanical signals that influence disease pathogenesis, making it an attractive therapeutic target. However, the pulmonary ECM proteome (“matrisome”) remains challenging to analyze by mass spectrometry due to its inherent biophysical properties and relatively low abundance. Here, we introduce a strategy designed for rapid and efficient characterization of the human pulmonary ECM using the photocleavable surfactant Azo. We coupled this approach with trapped ion mobility MS with diaPASEF to maximize depth of matrisome coverage. Using this strategy, we identify nearly 400 unique matrisome proteins with excellent reproducibility that are known to be important in lung biology, including key insoluble ECM proteins.
Linking the pathway from social media health information seeking to health misinformation sharing: A moderated serial mediation model
Authors: Luo Chen , Tang Yulong , Deng Yuying , Li Yuru 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSeeking health information from social media has become prominent in recent years. Meanwhile, the proliferation of online health misinformation keeps abreast of this tendency and sparks grave concerns. Drawing upon the S-O-R (Stimulus-Organism-Response) model and the cognitive load theory, the current study aims to clarify the relationship between social media health information seeking and health misinformation sharing with a focus on the Chinese middle-aged or above group, which has been deemed susceptible to online misinformation. Results of structural equation modeling based on an online survey (N= 388) disclosed a serial mediation process with health information overload and misperceptions as sequential mediators. Interestingly, while health misperceptions were positively related to misinformation sharing intention, health information overload was not. Furthermore, as a critical information processing predisposition, the need for cognition only buffered the positive association between information seeking and information overload. Overall, besides proposing a moderated serial mediation model to better comprehend the psychological mechanism underlying health misinformation sharing, this study highlights the importance of zooming into the organism part and the necessity of distinguishing between information overload and misperceptions in the context of health misinformation. Theoretical implications for unraveling online health misinformation sharing and practical implications for boosting immunity against health misinformation among at-risk groups are discussed.
ChatENT: Augmented Large Language Model for Expert Knowledge Retrieval in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Long Cai , Subburam Deepak , Lowe Kayle , Santos André dos , Zhang Jessica , Hwang Sang , Saduka Neil , Horev Yoav , Su Tao , Cote David , Wright Erin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe recent surge in popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, has showcased their proficiency in medical examinations and potential contributions to medical education. However, LLMs possess inherent limitations, including inconsistent accuracy, specific prompting requirements, and the risk of generating harmful hallucinations. A domain-specific, fine-tuned model would address these limitations effectively.MethodsOHNS-relevant data was systematically gathered from open-access internet sources and indexed into a database. We leveraged Retrieval-Augmented Language Modeling (RALM) to recall this information and used it for pre-training, which was then integrated into ChatGPT 4·0, creating a OHNS specific knowledge Q&A platform known as ChatENT.FindingsChatENT showed enhanced performance in the analysis and interpretation of OHNS information, outperforming ChatGPT 4.0 in both the Canadian Royal College OHNS sample examination questions challenge and the US board practice questions challenge, with a 58.4% and 26·0% error reduction, respectively. ChatENT generated fewer hallucinations and demonstrated greater consistency.InterpretationTo the best of our knowledge, ChatENT is the first specialty-specific LLM in the medical field. It appears to have considerable promise in areas such as medical education, patient education, and clinical decision support. The fine-tuned model has demonstrated the capacity to overcome the limitations of existing LLMs, thereby signaling a future of more precise, safe, and user-friendly applications in the realm of OHNS.FundingThe authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this project.
How do household living conditions and gender-related decision-making influence child stunting in Rwanda? A population-based study
Authors: Utumatwishima Jean N. , Mogren Ingrid , Umubyeyi Aline , Mansourian Ali , Krantz Gunilla 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChild stunting (chronic undernutrition) is a major public health concern in low- and middle-income countries. In Rwanda, an estimated 33% of children are affected. This study investigated the household living conditions and the impact of gender-related decision-making on child stunting. The findings contribute to ongoing discussion on this critical public health issue. In December 2021, a population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Rwanda’s Northern Province; 601 women with children aged 1–36 months were included. Stunting was assessed using low height-for-age criteria. The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was used to determine household socioeconomic status. Researcher-designed questionnaires evaluated gender-related factors such as social support and household decision-making. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified risk factor patterns. Six hundred and one children were included in the study; 27.1% (n=163) were diagnosed as stunted; there was a higher prevalence of stunting in boys (60.1%) than girls (39.9%; p<0.001). The MPI was 0.265 with no significant difference between households with stunted children (MPI, 0.263; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.216–0.310) and non-stunted children (MPI, 0.265; 95% CI, 0.237–0.293). Most households reported a lack of adequate housing (78.9%), electricity (63.0%), good water sources (58.7%), and proper toilets (57.1%). Male-headed households were predominant (92% vs 8.0%;p=0.018), although women often shared decision-making with their partners; 26.4% of the women reported they were forced to have sexual intercourse within marriage (p=0.028). Lack of support during illness (odds ratio [OR], 1.93; 95% CI, 1.13–3.28) and absence of personal guidance (OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.41–4.26) were significantly associated with child stunting (p=0.011). Poverty contributes to child stunting in the Northern Province of Rwanda. Limited social support and women’s lack of decision-making power in the household increase stunting rates. Interventions should empower women and address the broader social and economic context to promote both women’s and children’s health.
Unveiling Local Radiation Events through Metagenome Assembled Genomes of Archaea and Bacteria in Hypersaline Microbial Mats from the Archean Domes Site, Cuatro Cienegas, Coahuila, Mexico
Authors: Rodríguez Cruz Ulises Erick E , Castelán-Sánchez Hugo G , Madrigal-Trejo David , Eguiarte Luis Enrique , Souza Valeria 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA comprehensive study was conducted in the Cuatro Cienegas Basin (CCB) in Coahuila, Mexico, known for its remarkable microbiological diversity and unique physicochemical properties. The ″Archaean Domes ″ (DA) in the CCB are hypersaline, non-lithifying microbial mats. This study focused on analyzing the small domes and circular structures formed in DA through metagenome assembly genomes (MAGs) with the aim of finding new microorganisms and providing information on the tree of life in a place as diverse as the CCB. In total, 329 MAGs were identified, including 52 archaea and 277 bacteria. Remarkably, 30 Archaea and 154 Bacteria could not be classified at the genus level, highlighting the remarkable diversity of CCB. The CCBs showed significant diversity at the phylum level, with Proteobacteria being the most abundant, followed by Euryarchaeota, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Spirochaetes, Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes, Candidatus Parvarchaeota, Verrucomicrobia, Balneolaeota, Nitrospirae, and Tenericutes. Subsequently, the MAGs were classified into a phylogenetic tree. In Archaea, monophyletic groups MAGs belonged to the phyla Archaeoglobi, Candidatus Aenigmarchaeota, Candidatus Nanoarchaeota, Candidatus Lokiarchaeota, and Halobacteriota. Among the Bacteria, monophyletic groups were identified as well, including Spirochaetes, Proteobacteria, Planctomycetota, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, Bacteroidetes, Bipolaricaulota, Desulfobacterota, and Cyanobacteria. These monophyletic clusters may indicate radiation events that are likely influenced by geographical isolation as well as extreme environmental conditions reported in AD pond like phosphorus deficiency (122:42:1 C:N:P), fluctuating pH and a salinity of 5.28%
Development and Validation of the Mentoring in Undergraduate Research Survey
Authors: Limeri Lisa B. , Carter Nathan T. , Hess Riley A. , Tuma Trevor T. , Koscik Isabelle , Morrison Alexander J. , Outlaw Briana , Royston Kathren Sage , Bridges Benjamin H. T. , Dolan Erin L. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTHere we present the development and initial validation of the Mentoring in Undergraduate Research Survey (MURS) as a measure of a range of mentoring experienced by undergraduate science researchers. We drafted items based on qualitative research and refined the items through cognitive interviews and expert sorting. We used national dataset to evaluate the internal structure of the measure and a second national dataset to examine how responses on the MURS related to theoretically-relevant constructs and student characteristics. Our factor analytic results indicate seven lower order forms of mentoring experiences: abusive supervision, accessibility, career and technical support, psychosocial support, interpersonal mismatch, sexual harassment, and unfair treatment. These forms of mentoring mapped onto two higher-order factors: supportive and destructive mentoring experiences. Although most undergraduates reported experiencing supportive mentoring, some reported experiencing absence of supportive as well as destructive experiences. Undergraduates who experienced less supportive and more destructive mentoring also experienced lower scientific integration and a dampening of their beliefs about the value of research. The MURS should be useful for investigating the effects of mentoring experienced by undergraduate researchers and for testing interventions aimed at fostering supportive experiences and reducing or preventing destructive experiences and their impacts.Highlight summaryThis study presents the development and initial validation of the Mentoring in Undergraduate Research Survey, including evidence of its internal structure as well as convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity.
Coxsackievirus infection induces direct pancreatic β-cell killing but poor anti-viral CD8+ T-cell responses
Authors: Vecchio Federica , Carré Alexia , Korenkov Daniil , Zhou Zhicheng , Apaolaza Paola , Tuomela Soile , Burgos-Morales Orlando , Snowhite Isaac , Perez-Hernandez Javier , Brandao Barbara , Afonso Georgia , Halliez Clémentine , Kaddis John , Kent Sally C. , Nakayama Maki , Richardson Sarah J. , Vinh Joelle , Verdier Yann , Laiho Jutta , Scharfmann Raphael , Solimena Michele , Marinicova Zuzana , Bismuth Elise , Lucidarme Nadine , Sanchez Janine , Bustamante Carmen , Gomez Patricia , Buus Soren ,   the nPOD-Virus Working Group, You Sylvaine , Pugliese Alberto , Hyoty Heikki , Rodriguez-Calvo Teresa , Flodstrom-Tullberg Malin , Mallone Roberto 
Published: August 2023

SummaryCoxsackievirus B (CVB) infection of pancreatic β cells is associated with β-cell autoimmunity. We investigated how CVB impacts human β cells and anti-CVB T-cell responses. β cells were efficiently infected by CVBin vitro, downregulated HLA Class I and presented few, selected HLA-bound viral peptides. Circulating CD8+T cells from CVB-seropositive individuals recognized only a fraction of these peptides, and only another sub-fraction was targeted by effector/memory T cells that expressed the exhaustion marker PD-1. T cells recognizing a CVB epitope cross-reacted with the β-cell antigen GAD. Infected β cells, which formed filopodia to propagate infection, were more efficiently killed by CVB than by CVB-reactive T cells. Thus, ourin-vitroandex-vivodata highlight limited T-cell responses to CVB, supporting the rationale for CVB vaccination trials for type 1 diabetes prevention. CD8+T cells recognizing structural and non-structural CVB epitopes provide biomarkers to differentially follow response to infection and vaccination.