bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing for the Markov property in time series via deep conditional generative learning
Authors: Zhou Yunzhe , Shi Chengchun , Li Lexin , Yao Qiwei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Markov property is widely imposed in analysis of time series data. Correspondingly, testing the Markov property, and relatedly, inferring the order of a Markov model, are of paramount importance. In this article, we propose a nonparametric test for the Markov property in high-dimensional time series via deep conditional generative learning. We also apply the test sequentially to determine the order of the Markov model. We show that the test controls the type-I error asymptotically, and has the power approaching one. Our proposal makes novel contributions in several ways. We utilise and extend state-of-the-art deep generative learning to estimate the conditional density functions, and establish a sharp upper bound on the approximation error of the estimators. We derive a doubly robust test statistic, which employs a nonparametric estimation but achieves a parametric convergence rate. We further adopt sample splitting and cross-fitting to minimise the conditions required to ensure the consistency of the test. We demonstrate the efficacy of the test through both simulations and the three data applications.
Assessing present and future risk of water damage using building attributes, meteorology, and topography*
Authors: Heinrich-Mertsching Claudio , Wahl Jens Christian , Ordoñez Alba , Stien Marita , Elvsborg John , Haug Ola , Thorarinsdottir Thordis L 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Weather-related risk makes the insurance industry inevitably concerned with climate and climate change. Buildings hit by pluvial flooding is a key manifestation of this risk, giving rise to compensations for the induced physical damages and business interruptions. In this work, we establish a nationwide, building-specific risk score for water damage associated with pluvial flooding in Norway. We fit a generalised additive model that relates the number of water damages to a wide range of explanatory variables that can be categorised into building attributes, climatological variables, and topographical characteristics. The model assigns a risk score to every location in Norway, based on local topography and climate, which is not only useful for insurance companies but also for city planning. Combining our model with an ensemble of climate projections allows us to project the (spatially varying) impacts of climate change on the risk of pluvial flooding towards the middle and end of the 21st century.
Testicular necrosis and subsequent orchiectomy as a complication of inguinal mesh infection surgery: a case report
Authors: Tchangai Boyodi Katanga , Kpatcha Tchilabalo Matchonna , Adabra Komlan , Dosseh David Ekoue 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The management of inguinal hernias has been revolutionised with mesh-based techniques, which are now the gold standard. In rare cases, complications can occur, the most common being prosthesis infection. The course is unpredictable, causing considerable morbidity and multiple interventions in the case of chronicity. We treated a 38-year-old patient for an inguinal mesh infection that evolved for 8 years before definitive management. The peculiarity of this finding is the occurrence of testicular necrosis following complete removal of the prosthesis, which is likely to be related to spermatic vessel injuries. This observation shows that although healing is achieved, there may be significant sequelae, and infection prevention must be a constant concern while inserting a mesh.
Exploring the origin of the extended main-sequence turn-off in M37 through the white dwarf cooling sequence
Authors: Griggio M , Salaris M , Nardiello D , Bedin L R , Cassisi S , Anderson J 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We use new observations from the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope to study the white dwarf cooling sequence of the open cluster M37, a cluster that displays an extended main-sequence turn-off and, according to a recent photometric analysis, also a spread of initial chemical composition. By taking advantage of a first epoch collected in 1999 with the same telescope, we have been able to calculate proper motions for sources as faint as g ∼ 26 (about ∼ 6 mag fainter than the Gaia limit), allowing us to separate cluster members from field stars. This has enabled us to isolate a sample of the white dwarf population of M37, reaching the end of the cooling sequence (at g ∼ 23.5). Here, the derived atlas and calibrated catalogue of the sources in the field of view is publicly released as supplementary online material. Finally, we present an exhaustive comparison of the white dwarf luminosity function with theoretical models, which has allowed us to exclude the age-spread scenario as the main responsible for the extended turn-off seen in the cluster colour–magnitude diagram.
Deprojecting and constraining the vertical thickness of exoKuiper belts
Authors: Terrill James , Marino Sebastian , Booth Richard A , Han Yinuo , Jennings Jeff , Wyatt Mark C 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Constraining the vertical and radial structure of debris discs is crucial to understanding their formation, evolution, and dynamics. To measure both the radial and vertical structure, a disc must be sufficiently inclined. However, if a disc is too close to edge-on, deprojecting its emission becomes non-trivial. In this paper we show how Frankenstein, a non-parametric tool to extract the radial brightness profile of circumstellar discs, can be used to deproject their emission at any inclination as long as they are optically thin and axisymmetric. Furthermore, we extend Frankenstein to account for the vertical thickness of an optically thin disc (H(r)) and show how it can be constrained by sampling its posterior probability distribution and assuming a functional form (e.g. constant h = H/r), while fitting the radial profile non-parametrically. We use this new method to determine the radial and vertical structures of 16 highly inclined debris discs observed by ALMA. We find a wide range of vertical aspect ratios, h, ranging from 0.020 ± 0.002 (AU Mic) to 0.20 ± 0.03 (HD 110058), which are consistent with parametric models. We find a tentative correlation between h and the disc fractional width, as expected if wide discs were more stirred. Assuming discs are self-stirred, the thinnest discs would require the presence of at least 500-km-sized planetesimals. The thickest discs would likely require the presence of planets. We also recover previously inferred and new radial structures, including a potential gap in the radial distribution of HD 61005. Finally, our new extension of Frankenstein also allows constraining how h varies as a function of radius, which we test on 49 Ceti, finding that h is consistent with being constant.
Exoplanet interior retrievals: core masses and metallicities from atmospheric abundances
Authors: Bloot S , Miguel Y , Bazot M , Howard S 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The mass and distribution of metals in the interiors of exoplanets are essential for constraining their formation and evolution processes. Never the less, with only masses and radii measured, the determination of exoplanet interior structures is degenerate, and so far simplified assumptions have mostly been used to derive planetary metallicities. In this work, we present a method based on a state-of-the-art interior code, recently used for Jupiter, and a Bayesian framework, to explore the possibility of retrieving the interior structure of exoplanets. We use masses, radii, equilibrium temperatures, and measured atmospheric metallicities to retrieve planetary bulk metallicities and core masses. Following results on the giant planets in the Solar system and recent development in planet formation, we implement two interior structure models: one with a homogeneous envelope and one with an inhomogeneous one. Our method is first evaluated using a test planet and then applied to a sample of 37 giant exoplanets with observed atmospheric metallicities from the pre-JWST era. Although neither internal structure model is preferred with the current data, it is possible to obtain information on the interior properties of the planets, such as the core mass, through atmospheric measurements in both cases. We present updated metal mass fractions, in agreement with recent results on giant planets in the Solar system.
The systems-based practice competency: an innovative model to achieving class-wide proficiency in a pain medicine fellowship
Authors: Glicksman Michael , Emerick Trent , Brancolini Scott 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
One of the ACGME’s six core competencies, systems-based practice (SBP), is difficult to interpret and developing proficiency over a one-year fellowship poses a challenge. Given the implications that successful SBP can have on pain medicine, it is especially important for fellows to focus on this competency during their training. Here, we propose a way to implement effective SBP into a pain medicine fellowship and the impact it may have within the larger health care system.
A new boson expansion theory utilizing a norm operator
Authors: Taniguchi Kimikazu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We propose a new boson expansion method using a norm operator. The small parameter expansion, in which the boson approximation becomes the zeroth-order approximation, requires double commutation relations between phonon operators that are not closed between the phonon excitation modes adopted as boson excitations. This results in an infinite expansion regardless of whether the type of boson expansion is Hermitian or non-Hermitian. The small parameter expansion does not hold when the commutation relations are closed. The norm operator is expressed as a function of the number operator in the physical subspace, which enables us to obtain substantially a finite boson expansion regardless of the type being Hermitian or non-Hermitian. We also point out the problems of conventional boson expansion methods. The normal-ordered linked-cluster expansion theory has failed to refute Marshalek’s claim that KT-1 and KT-2 are chimerical boson expansions. The Dyson boson expansion theory does not have exceptional superiority over other types. Previous studies using boson expansion methods should be re-examined.
IL-6 inhibitors and JAK inhibitors as favourable treatment options for patients with anaemia and rheumatoid arthritis: ANSWER cohort study
Authors: Nakayama Yoichi , Watanabe Ryu , Yamamoto Wataru , Ebina Kosuke , Hirano Toru , Kotani Takuya , Shiba Hideyuki , Katayama Masaki , Son Yonsu , Amuro Hideki , Onishi Akira , Jinno Sadao , Hara Ryota , Murakami Kosaku , Murata Koichi , Ito Hiromu , Tanaka Masao , Matsuda Shuichi , Morinobu Akio , Hashimoto Motomu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Anaemia, a common comorbidity of RA, is related to high disease activity and poor prognosis. It is unknown which biologic/targeted synthetic (b/ts)-DMARDs are optimal for patients with anaemia and RA in regulating anaemia and controlling disease activity.

Methods
We investigated the change in haemoglobin (Hb) levels, drug retention rates and disease activities after the administration of b/ts-DMARDs with different modes of action [TNF inhibitors (TNFis), immunoglobulin fused with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen (CTLA-4-Ig), IL-6 receptor inhibitors (IL-6Ris) and Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis)] in patients with RA stratified by baseline Hb levels using the multicentre observational registry for patients with RA in Japan (ANSWER cohort).

Results
A total of 2093 patients with RA were classified into three groups based on tertiles of the baseline Hb levels (Hblow, anaemic; Hbint, intermediate; Hbhigh, non-anaemic). IL-6Ri increased Hb levels in all groups (the mean change at 12 months in Hblow was +1.5 g/dl, Hbint +0.7 g/dl and Hbhigh +0.1 g/dl). JAKis increased the Hb level in patients with anaemia and RA and retained or decreased the Hb level in non-anaemic patients (the mean change at 12 months in Hblow was +0.6 g/dl, Hbint 0 g/dl and Hbhigh −0.3 g/dl). In patients with anaemia and RA, overall adjusted 3-year drug retention rates were higher in JAKi followed by IL-6Ri, CTLA4-Ig and TNFi (78.6%, 67.9%, 61.8% and 50.8%, respectively). Change of disease activity at 12 months was not different among different b/ts-DMARDs treatments.

Conclusion
IL-6Ri and JAKi can effectively treat patients with anaemia and RA in a real-world setting.
Characteristics and outcome of ANCA-associated vasculitides induced by anti-thyroid drugs: a multicentre retrospective case-control study
Authors: Culerrier Julien , Nguyen Yann , Karadag Omer , Yasar Bilge Sule , Yildrim Tuba Demirci , Ögüt Tahir Saygin , Yazisiz Veli , Bes Cemal , Celfe Ayse , Yazici Ayten , Sadioglu Cagdas Oznur , Kronbichler Andreas , Jayne David , Gauckler Philipp , Regent Alexis , Teixeira Vitor , Marchand-Adam Sylvain , Duffau Pierre , Housz-Oro Saskia Ingen- , Droumaguet Celine , Andre Baptiste , Luca Luminita , Lechtman Sarah , Aouba Achille , Lebas Celine , Servettaz Amélie , Dernoncourt Amandine , Ruivard Marc , Milesi Anne-Marie , Poindron Vincent , Jego Patrick , Padoan Roberto , Delvino Paolo , Vandergheynst Frédéric , Pagnoux Christian , Yacyshyn Elaine , Lamprecht Peter , Flossmann Oliver , Puéchal Xavier , Terrier Benjamin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
Data on ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) induced by anti-thyroid drugs (ATD) are scarce. We aimed to describe the characteristics and outcome of these patients in comparison to primary AAV.

Methods
We performed a retrospective multicentre study including patients with ATD-induced AAV. We focused on ATD-induced microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and compared them with primary MPA by matching each case with four controls by gender and year of diagnosis.

Results
Forty-five patients with ATD-induced AAV of whom 24 MPA were included. ANCA were positive in 44 patients (98%), including myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA in 21 (47%), proteinase 3 (PR3)-ANCA in six (13%), and double positive MPO- and PR3-ANCA in 15 (33%). Main clinical manifestations were skin involvement (64%), arthralgia (51%) and glomerulonephritis (20%). ATD was discontinued in 98% of cases, allowing vasculitis remission in seven (16%). All the remaining patients achieved remission after glucocorticoids, in combination with rituximab in 11 (30%) or cyclophosphamide in four (11%). ATD were reintroduced in seven cases (16%) without any subsequent relapse. Compared with 96 matched primary MPA, ATD-induced MPA were younger at diagnosis (48 vs 65 years, P &lt; 0.001), had more frequent cutaneous involvement (54 vs 25%, P = 0.007), but less frequent kidney (38 vs 73%, P = 0.02), and a lower risk of relapse (adjusted HR 0.07; 95% CI 0.01, 0.65, P = 0.019).

Conclusion
ATD-induced AAV were mainly MPA with MPO-ANCA, but double MPO- and PR3-ANCA positivity was frequent. The most common manifestations were skin and musculoskeletal manifestations. ATD-induced MPA were less severe and showed a lower risk of relapse than primary MPA.
Nudging Payment Behavior: Evidence from a Field Experiment on Pay-as-You-Go Off-Grid Electricity
Authors: Bonan Jacopo , d’Adda Giovanna , Mahmud Mahreen , Said Farah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper reports results from a randomized control trial with a pay-as-you-go (PAYG) solar system provider in Pakistan. In the default treatment, customers are told the amount to pay every month to keep the system active. In a first treatment, customers are assisted in planning this monthly payment. A second treatment discloses that payments can be made flexibly within the month. This disclosure may reduce contract cancellation by helping minimize transaction costs but may increase contract complexity and reduce discipline. A third treatment combines flexibility with assistance in planning payments. Disclosing flexibility increases contract cancellation relative to the default, but combining flexibility with planning offsets this effect. Treatment effects appear stronger among users facing high mental constraints and transaction costs. These findings support the idea that behavioral factors, such as inattention and commitment problems, lay behind the negative impact of flexibility on cancellation. The results suggest that providers of PAYG systems may face a trade-off between disclosing complex contractual features and customer retention. Planning helps customers handle the added complexity.
Research progress on ion channels and their molecular regulatory mechanisms in the human sperm flagellum
Authors: Cong Shengnan , Zhang Jingjing , Pan Feng , Pan Lianjun , Zhang Aixia , Ma Jiehua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe ion channels in sperm tail play an important role in triggering key physiological reactions, e.g., progressive motility, hyperactivation, required for successful fertilization. Among them, CatSper and KSper have been shown to be important ion channels for the transport of Ca2+ and K+. Moreover, the voltage‐gated proton channel Hv1, the sperm‐specific sodium‐hydrogen exchanger (sNHE), the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), members of the temperature‐sensitive TRP channel family, and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) are also found in the flagellum. This review focuses on the latest advances in ion channels located at the flagellum, describes how they affect sperm physiological function, and summarizes some primary mutual regulation mechanism between ion channels, including PH, membrane potential, and cAMP. These ion channels may be promising targets for clinical application in infertility.
TELANGIECTATIC CAPILLARIES CAUSING PERSISTENT DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA SUCCESSFULLY TREATED BY PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY
Authors: Schaeffer Marion , Dormegny Léa , Speeg-Schatz Claude , Sauer Arnaud , Bourcier Tristan , Gaucher David 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
To report two cases of persistent macular edema caused by the exudation of diabetic telangiectatic capillaries (TelCaps), which have been successfully treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Methods:
Review of data from two patients suffering from persistent macular edema caused by parafoveolar TelCaps. In both cases, conventional laser was impossible because TelCaps were to close from foveal center.

Results:
The use of focal PDT on perifoveolar TelCaps permitted to reduce persistent macular edema and to avoid inefficient intravitreal anti–vascular epithelial growth factor or steroid injections. In both cases, visual acuity was fully restored four to six months after PDT. Central macular thickness was also normalized in the first case and significantly reduced in the second case. In both cases, visual gain was sustained throughout the whole follow-up period (2 and 1 year, respectively).

Conclusion:
Photodynamic therapy can be helpful to treat diabetic macular edema caused by TelCaps nonresponding to approved intravitreal therapy or for which conventional laser is contraindicated.
Long Duration of Oral Care Using Mother’s Own Milk Influences Oral Microbiota and Clinical Outcomes in Very-low-birthweight Infants: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Thatrimontrichai Anucha , Surachat Komwit , Singkhamanan Kamonnut , Thongsuksai Paramee 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Several studies have focused on the clinical outcomes of oral care using colostrum for a limited time (2–5 days) in very-low-birthweight (VLBW) infants. However, the effect of long-term mother’s own milk (MOM) on the clinical outcomes and oral microbiota of VLBW infants remains unknown.

Methods:
In this randomized controlled trial, VLBW neonates were randomly assigned to oral care by MOM or sterile water (SW) groups until they started oral feeding. The primary outcome was oral microbiota composition including alpha and beta diversity, relative abundance, and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe). The secondary outcomes were various morbidities and mortality.

Results:
The baseline characteristics of the two groups did not differ (63 neonates, MOM group, n = 30, oral care 22 days; SW group, n = 33, oral care 27 days). There was no significant difference in alpha and beta diversities between the groups before and after the intervention. The MOM group had a significantly lower rate of clinical sepsis than the SW group (47% vs. 76%, risk ratio = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.40−0.97). The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Faecalibacterium were maintained after MOM care, especially in neonates without clinical sepsis, but decreased after SW care. LEfSe showed that neonates in the MOM and SW groups with clinical sepsis had the highest abundance of Pseudomonas and Gammaproteobacteria, respectively, compared with neonates without sepsis.

Conclusions:
A longer duration of oral care using MOM in VLBW infants sustains healthy bacteria and decreases the risk of clinical sepsis.
Pubertal development and pain incidence and characteristics in children: a 1-year prospective cohort study of a national sample
Authors: Li Rui , Lopez Daniel A. , Gupta Meenal , Palermo Tonya M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Sex differences in pain become apparent during puberty. However, the influence of key pubertal characteristics and pubertal hormones on pain is largely unknown. We examined the prospective associations between self-reported and hormone-indicated pubertal characteristics and pain incidence and severity in 10- to 11-year-old pain-free youth in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study over 1 year. Puberty was measured at baseline and follow-up with self-report (Pubertal Development Scale [PDS]) and hormonal assessment (salivary dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA], testosterone, and estradiol). Pain status (yes/no), intensity, and interference (0-10 numerical rating scale) in the past month were self-reported at follow-up. Pubertal maturity, progression, and asynchrony were examined in relation to pain onset and severity through confounder-adjusted generalized estimating equations modified Poisson and linear mixed regression models. Among 6631 pain-free youth at baseline, 1-year incident pain was 30.7%. In both sexes, higher PDS scores were associated with greater risk of pain onset (relative risk [RR] = 1.10 to 1.27, Ps < 0.01). In boys, higher PDS item variance was associated with greater pain incidence (RR = 1.11, 95% CI, 1.03-1.20) and interference (beta = 0.40, 95% CI, 0.03-0.76); higher PDS overall and gonadal scores were associated with higher pain intensity (Ps < 0.05). Associations with hormones were seen in boys only, with each 10-fold higher testosterone levels associated with a 40% lower risk of pain incidence (95% CI, −55% to −22%) and 1.30-point lower (95% CI, −2.12 to −0.48) pain intensity, and higher DHEA levels were associated with lower pain intensity (P = 0.020). Relationships between pubertal development and pain in peripubertal adolescents are sex specific and puberty measurement specific and warrant further investigation.