bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Error analysis for a Crouzeix–Raviart approximation of the p-Dirichlet problem
Authors: Kaltenbach Alex 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the present paper, we examine a Crouzeix–Raviart approximation for non-linear partial differential equations having a (p, δ)-structure for some p ∈ (1, ∞) and δ ⩾ 0. We establish a priori error estimates, which are optimal for all p ∈ (1, ∞) and δ ⩾ 0, medius error estimates, i.e., best-approximation results, and a primal–dual a posteriori error estimate, which is both reliable and efficient. The theoretical findings are supported by numerical experiments.
Outcomes of cesarean delivery in placenta accreta: conservative delivery vs. cesarean hysterectomy
Authors: Alina Weissmann-Brenner , Elias Castel , Eran Kassif , Lior Friedrich , Nizan Mor , Gabriel Levin , Hila Lahav Ezra , Raanan Meyer 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To compare delivery outcomes of pregnancies diagnosed with placenta-accreta-syndrome (PAS) who underwent conservative treatment to patients who underwent cesarean hysterectomy.

Methods
A retrospective study of all women diagnosed with PAS treated in one tertiary medical center between 03/2011 and 11/2020 was performed. Comparison was made between conservative management during cesarean delivery and cesarean hysterectomy. Conservative management included leaving uterus in situ with/without placenta and with/without myometrial resection.

Results
A total of 249 pregnancies (0.25 % of all deliveries) were diagnosed with PAS, 208 underwent conservative cesarean delivery and 41 had cesarean hysterectomy, 31 of them were unplanned (75.6 %). The median number of previous cesarean deliveries was significantly higher in the cesarean hysterectomy group. There was no difference in the duration from the last cesarean delivery, the presence of placenta previa, pre-operative hemoglobin or platelets levels between the pregnancies with conservative management and the cesarean hysterectomy. Significantly more pregnancies with sonographic suspicion of placenta percreta and bladder invasion had cesarean hysterectomy. Cesarean hysterectomy was significantly associated with earlier delivery, with bleeding and required significantly more blood products. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of relaparotomy following cesarean delivery or the rate of infections. Multivariable-regression-analysis revealed a significant odds ratio of 3.38 of blood loss of >3,000 mL following cesarean hysterectomy.

Conclusions
Conservative management in delivery of PAS pregnancies is associated with less bleeding complications during surgery compared to cesarean hysterectomy.
Pass-efficient randomized LU algorithms for computing low-rank matrix approximation
Authors: Zhang Bolong , Mascagni Michael 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Low-rank matrix approximation is extremely useful in the analysis of data that arises in scientific computing, engineering applications, and data science. However, as data sizes grow, traditional low-rank matrix approximation methods, such as singular value decomposition (SVD) and column pivoting QR decomposition (CPQR), are either prohibitively expensive or cannot provide sufficiently accurate results.
A solution is to use randomized low-rank matrix approximation methods such as randomized SVD, and randomized LU decomposition on extremely large data sets. In this paper, we focus on the randomized LU decomposition method. Then we propose a novel randomized LU algorithm, called SubspaceLU, for the fixed low-rank approximation problem. SubspaceLU is based on the sketch of the co-range of input matrices and allows for an arbitrary number of passes of the input matrix,

v
≥
2

{v\geq 2}

. Numerical experiments on CPU show that our proposed SubspaceLU is generally faster than the existing randomized LU decomposition, while remaining accurate. Experiments on GPU shows that our proposed SubspaceLU can gain more speedup than the existing randomized LU decomposition.
We also propose a version of SubspaceLU, called SubspaceLU_FP, for the fixed precision low-rank matrix approximation problem. SubspaceLU_FP is a post-processing step based on an efficient blocked adaptive rank determination Algorithm 5 proposed in this paper.
We present numerical experiments that show that SubspaceLU_FP can achieve close results to SVD but faster in speed. We finally propose a single-pass algorithm based on LU factorization. Tests show that the accuracy of our single-pass algorithm is comparable with the existing single-pass algorithms.
Peripheral inflammation is a potential etiological factor in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Li Ziyuan , Wang Hui , Yin Yafu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Peripheral inflammation could constitute a risk factor for AD. This review summarizes the research related to peripheral inflammation that appears to have a relationship with Alzheimer’s disease. We find there are significant associations between AD and peripheral infection induced by various pathogens, including herpes simplex virus type 1, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Helicobacter pylori, and Toxoplasma gondii. Chronic inflammatory diseases are also reported to contribute to the pathophysiology of AD. The mechanisms by which peripheral inflammation affects the pathophysiology of AD are complex. Pathogen-derived neurotoxic molecule composition, disrupted BBB, and dysfunctional neurogenesis may all play a role in peripheral inflammation, promoting the development of AD. Anti-pathogenic medications and anti-inflammatory treatments are reported to decrease the risk of AD. Studies that could improve understanding the associations between AD and peripheral inflammation are needed. If our assumption is correct, early intervention against inflammation may be a potential method of preventing and treating AD.
Beyazlatma Özellikli Bir Diş Macununun İn Vitro Olarak Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KOPUZ Dilan , ALKAN Elif , TEKÇE Neslihan , HAYRAN Osman , KÜTÜK Zeynep Bilge , YAŞA Bilal , KORKUT Bora , TAĞTEKİN Dilek , YANIKOĞLU Funda 
Published: August 2023

Amaç: Beyazlatıcı içerikli deneysel diş macununun, minedeki renk değişimine ve yüzey pürüzlülüğüne olan etkisini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada 30-adet sağlam, çürüksüz, boyutları birbirine yakın daimi dişler kullanıldı. Dişler rastgele olarak 6 deneysel gruba ayrıldı (n=5); Grup 1: Beyazlatıcı ajan içeren deneysel diş macunu (Zubio Test-1, Dar Kozmetik, İstanbul, Türkiye); Grup 2: Beyazlatıcı ajan içeren deneysel diş macunu (Zubio Test-2); Grup 3: Beyazlatıcı ajan içeren diş macunu (İpana 3D White luxe, İpana P&G, ABD); Grup 4: Bitkisel içerikli bir diş macunu (Gumgumix, Beka ilaç, İstanbul, Türkiye); Grup 5: Kahvede bekletilen; Grup 6: Suda bekletilen. Tüm örneklerden 3 farklı zaman aralığında (T1-T2-T3) renk ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü ölçümleri yapıldı. T1: Tüm örnekler 24-saat kahvede bekletildikten ve renklenmeleri sağlandıktan sonra; T2: Her gün 15 dakika (3 kez-5’er dakika) kahvede bekleme ve 10 saniye (2 kez-10’ar saniye) fırçalama işlemi yaptıktan 7 gün sonra; T3: Her gün 15 dakika (3 kez-5’er dakika) kahvede bekleme ve 10 saniye (2 kez-10’ar saniye) fırçalama işlemi yaptıktan 14 gün sonrayı göstermektedir. Veriler Kruskal-Wallis ve Friedman istatistik testleri ile değerlendirildi (P=0.05).
Bulgular: Tüm test gruplarında renk değişimi görüldü ancak test gruplarının aralarında farklılıklar oluşmadı (P>0.05). Grup 2, sayısal olarak olumlu yönde en büyük değişimi oluştururken, diğer gruplarla arasında istatistiksel bir farklılık ortaya çıkarmadı. Zubio Test-2 diş macununun beyazlatıcı etkisi İpana 3D White luxe ve Gumgumix diş macunları ile benzer bulundu. 14 günlük araştırmanın sonucunda Zubio Test-2, Test-1’e göre daha yüksek yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri sergiledi.
Sonuç: Zubio Test-2’nin, kahvenin neden olacağı renklenmeye karşı geleneksel beyazlatıcı diş macununa benzer koruyucu etki göstererek, renklenmeyi önleyici yönde etkili olabileceği söylenebilir.
Evaluation of the content of YouTubeTM videos about local anesthesia in pediatric dentistry
Authors: TOZAR Kamile Nur , ERKMEN ALMAZ Merve 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to assay the quality and substance of videos on YouTubeTM about local anesthesia in children and to assay whether they are practical for patients and parents.
Materials and Methods: A research was applied on YoutubeTM using the search term "local anesthesia in pediatric dentistry" with the assumed sorting set to "sort by relevance". In our study, 113 videos out of 213 were excluded and 100 videos were analyzed. For video content classification, a 23-point score scale was used to classify video groups as low, moderate, and high video context.
Results: Most of the videos were uploaded by healthcare professionals (n=93; 93%), while the rest were uploaded by healthcare companies/websites (n=1; 1%) and others (tv channels, news agencies) (n=6; 6%). The average duration of videos was 9.49 minutes (range: 0.5-57.57 minutes; median: 4.25).
Conclusion: Although there are many videos on local anesthesia in children on YouTubeTM, these videos contain limited information in terms of content. There is a requirement to develop the quality of YouTubeTM videos on this subject by dentists.
Çukurova Popülasyonunda Gelişimsel Diş Anomalisi Görülme Sıklığı: Radyografik Bir Çalışma
Authors: SÜSGÜN YILDIRIM Zehra , EVLİCE Burcu , SONKAYA Ezgi , DUYAN Hazal 
Published: August 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, retrospektif olarak incelenen panoramik radyografilerde görülen dental anomalilerin tüm tip ve alt tiplerinin prevalansını değerlendirmekti.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: 2019 yılının son 6 ayında, bir fakülte hastanesine başvuran ve panoramik röntgeni çekilen 14 – 70 yaş aralığındaki 1266 hastanın radyografisi incelendi. Durum, büyüklük, sayı, biçim ve doku olarak 5 tip, toplamda 21 alt tip (Transpozisyon, Ektopi, Enversiyon, Median diastema, Mikrodonti, Makrodonti, Hipodonti, Oligodonti, Anadonti, Supernumerer, Meziodens, Talon tüberkülü (dens evaginatus), Taurodontizm, Dilaserasyon, Geminasyon, Füzyon, Concrescence, Dens in dente (dens invaginatus), Amelogenezis imperfekta, Dentinogenezis imperfekta, Dentin displazisi) gelişimsel diş anomalisi araştırıldı. Yaş ortalamaları için bağımsız örneklem t-testi, anomalilerin dağılımlarını değerlendirmek için ki-kare ve Fisher’s Exact testi kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 36.9 olan hastaların % 27.8’inde dental anomali görüldü. Kadınlarda anomali görülme prevalansı (% 30.3) erkeklere göre (% 23.8) anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti. Anomaliye sahip kadınlarda ise biçim anomalisi (% 68.6) ve alt tipi olarak talon tüberkülü (% 40.3) prevalansı anlamlı olarak yüksekti. Diğer anomali alt tipleri ve cinsiyetler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yoktu. En sık, sırasıyla talon tüberkülü (% 36.1), dilaserasyon (% 15.3), median diastema (% 12.8), tek diş eksikliği (% 11.9) ve dens in dente (% 11.6) alt tiplerine rastlanıldı.
Sonuç: Her dört hastadan birinde dental anomaliye rastlama ihtimali olduğunu gösteren çalışmanın sonucu, başvuran her hastadan panoramik radyografi alınmasının ve detaylı bir incelemenin önemini bir kez daha ortaya koymuştur.
Sepsis Prediction in Hospitalized Children: Clinical Decision Support Design and Deployment
Authors: Stephen Rebecca J. , Lucey Kate , Carroll Michael S. , Hoge Jeremy , Maciorowski Kimberly , Jones Roderick C. , O’Connell Megan , Schwab Carly , Rojas Jillian , Sanchez Pinto L. Nelson 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND
Following development and validation of a sepsis prediction model described in a companion article, we aimed to use quality improvement and safety methodology to guide the design and deployment of clinical decision support (CDS) tools and clinician workflows to improve pediatric sepsis recognition in the inpatient setting.

METHODS
CDS tools and sepsis huddle workflows were created to implement an electronic health record-based sepsis prediction model. These were proactively analyzed and refined using simulation and safety science principles before implementation and were introduced across inpatient units during 2020-2021. Huddle compliance, alerts per non-ICU patient days, and days between sepsis-attributable emergent transfers were monitored. Rapid Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles based on user feedback and weekly metric data informed improvement throughout implementation.

RESULTS
There were 264 sepsis alerts on 173 patients with an 89% bedside huddle completion rate and 10 alerts per 1000 non-ICU patient days per month. There was no special cause variation in the metric days between sepsis-attributable emergent transfers.

CONCLUSIONS
An automated electronic health record-based sepsis prediction model, CDS tools, and sepsis huddle workflows were implemented on inpatient units with a relatively low rate of interruptive alerts and high compliance with bedside huddles. Use of CDS best practices, simulation, safety tools, and quality improvement principles led to high utilization of the sepsis screening process.
Firearm Injuries in Lower Opportunity Neighborhoods During the COVID Pandemic
Authors: O’Guinn MaKayla L. , Siddiqui Sami , Ourshalimian Shadassa , Chaudhari Pradip P. , Spurrier Ryan 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVES
We aimed to describe changes in pediatric firearm injury rates, severity, and outcomes after the coronavirus disease 2019 stay-at-home order in Los Angeles (LA) County.

METHODS
A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on firearm injuries involving children aged &lt;18-years in LA County before and after the pandemic. Trauma activation data of 15 trauma centers in LA County from the Trauma and Emergency Medicine Information System Registry were abstracted from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2021. The beginning of the pandemic was set as March 19, 2020, the date the county stay-at-home order was issued, separating the prepandemic and during-pandemic periods. Rates of firearm injuries, severity, discharge capacity, and Child Opportunity Index (COI) were compared between the groups. Analysis was performed with χ2 tests and segmented regression.

RESULTS
Of the 7693 trauma activations, 530 (6.9%) were from firearm injuries, including 260 (49.1%) in the prepandemic group and 270 (50.9%) in the during-pandemic group. No increase was observed in overall rate of firearm injuries after the stay-at-home order was issued (P = .13). However, firearm injury rates increased in very low COI neighborhoods (P = .01). Mechanism of injury, mortality rates, discharge capacity, and injury severity score did not differ between prepandemic and during-pandemic periods (all P values ≥.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Although there was no overall increase in pediatric firearm injuries during the pandemic, there was a disproportionate increase in areas of very low neighborhood COI. Further examination of community disparity should be a focus for education, intervention, and development.
Λύχνος: Shedding light on daily life in Graeco-Roman and Byzantine Egypt
Authors: Chouliara-Raios Helen , Makri Dimitra , Drakos Ioannis 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present paper aims to examine the role of the oil lamp (λύχνος) in the daily life of the residents of Egypt through the documentation of Greek papyri and ostraca from the Graeco-Roman and Byzantine periods. Due to the fragmentary condition of the archival material, the sources of ancient Greek and Latin literature are also taken into consideration with a view to corroborating some uncertain points of detail. Specifically, careful scrutiny is given to aspects such as the oil lamp's price and material, its domestic uses, its role as pledge (ἐνέχυρον) and part of inheritance, as well as its function in various activities performed at night. The matters of its importance in the realm of theatre, its connection to theft, the side-effects of its use, and the exploration of the figurative use of the term λύχνος as a literary device are also examined.
Investigation of Drug-resistance substitutions in HIV-1 RT Protein in Iranian HIV Infected Patients
Authors: Dehghani Behzad Non , Hashempour Tayebeh Non , Mousavi Zahra Non , Moayedi Javad Non , Hasanshahi Zahra Non , Rezaei Esmaeil Non , Ghassabi Farzaneh Non 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Background:
Currently, more than 37 million people are living with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Reverse transcription (RT) is a main part in the life cycle of retroviruses which is responsible for synthesis of DNA complementary to an RNA or DNA template. Recently several inhibitors have been introduced to target RT protein; however, drug resistance is one of the greatest challenges in the improvement of effective treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Here, we determined the resistance mutations in the RT gene in treatment failure patients and searched for the dominant subtype among them.
Methods:
HIV viral load and a reverse transcriptase nested polymerase chain (RT-nested PCR) reactions were performed in 15 patients with treatment failure to amplify the RT gene. Drug resistance mutations, as well as the viral subtypes, were analyzed using by using several bioinformatics software and online tools.
Results:
The frequency of RT related drug-resistance mutations in patients was 33.3%, among which the major mutation consisted of 20% of all those occurring in codon 184. Moreover, the results showed 6.6% and 26.6% of patients were resistant to Non-Nucleoside RT Inhibitor (NNRTIs) and Nucleoside RT Inhibitors (NRTIs), respectively. In addition, the vast majority of samples (12 patients of 15) belonged to subtype CRF35-AD.
Conclusions:
The present study reports updates on the mutations related to RT resistance in Iranian HIV patients receiving treatment, show that 20% of the samples had a high-level of resistance to Lamivudine, and Emtricitabine which should be confirmed for further antiretroviral (AVR) regimens for HIV infected patients. Also, two new mutations related to resistance to Nevirapine, Doravirine, Zidovudine, and Stavudine were introduced in this investigation.
The present results could be used as predictive information on the response to anti-RT, and also highlight the importance of considering the periodic monitoring of HIV resistance test in HIV infected patients.
Probiotics in prevention and treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review of current evidence
Authors: SeyedAlinaghi S. , Shahidi Ramin , Afzalian Arian , Paranjkhoo Parinaz , Ghorbanzadeh Kobra , Mojdeganlou Hengameh , Razi Armin , Mojdeganlou Paniz , Dashti Mohsen , Ghasemzadeh Afsaneh , Parikhani Sahar N. , Pashaei A. , Karimi Amirali , Sepide Ahmadi , Mehraeen Esmaeil , Hackett Daniel 
Published: August 2023

Introduction. Clinical evidence suggests that certain probiotics may help treat and prevent viral infections. To date, the effectiveness of probiotics in the alleviation of COVID-19 has not been established. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
Materials and methods. An extensive search of four electronic databases was performed which included Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed from November 2019 to June 2022. After reviewing the references list of related articles additional studies were identified. A multiple combination of keywords validated by MESH were used to search the databases. Study selection was performed according to an inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results. Twenty-three articles met the study inclusion criteria. Six articles were conducted in vitro while the remaining studies were conducted in the human population (in vivo). The type of probiotic was defined in eighteen studies. There were two studies that used supplements (vitamins, herbals, minerals, etc.) in addition to probiotics. The largest sample size was 445 850 participants which were from a study that used an application-based survey. The majority of studies found that probiotics had a positive effect on the COVID-19 disease. The benefits included early remission of COVID-19 symptoms and a shorter duration of sickness (10 studies), lower mortality rates (3 studies), and decreased hospitalization and length of stay (3 studies). Six in vitro studies found that probiotics were beneficial against SARS-CoV-2 through antiviral effects. There were only two studies that found probiotics to be ineffective or caused negative effects when consumed in COVID-19 patients.
Conclusion. Available evidence supports the antiviral role of probiotics on prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The antiviral potential of Lactobacillus paracasei metabolite PlnE and PlnF against SARS-CoV-2 may explain the effectiveness of probiotics on COVID-19.
From speaking of texts to speaking of Europe
Authors: Lundquist Lita 
Published: August 2023

In this contribution to the festschrift for Kjersti Fløttum, I highlight our shared research interest in texts and text linguistics, particularly our first meeting in the 1980s and our focus in the 2010s on Europe. By that point, we had both expanded text linguistics to encompass studies of how people use discourse – Kjersti’s path – and laughter – my path – in the European Parliament.
With reference to Fløttum’s excellent PhD thesis “Le résumé scolaire” (1990) and her subsequent project on “Speaking of Europe” (2013), I discuss, against the backdrop of my own work on the use of humour in the European Parliament, how the expansion of text linguistics may risk exploding into an unwieldly multiplicity of approaches. The conclusion reflects my wish for a unitary model of how language, text and discourse on the one hand, and society on the other, are firmly interlinked.
<i>Anhyld þinre heortan eare</i>: Mind as Body in the Sermons of Ælfric
Authors: Ponirakis Eleni 
Published: August 2023

By using a metaphor of the mind as body, with eyes, and ears, a throat and voice, Ælfric explains the complexities of an Augustinian understanding of the mind in comparatively simple terms, to lead: ‘those who dwell in cities and towns and villages’ (Cassian 1997: 375) to an understanding of Christ. In Ælfric’s Dominica in Quinquagesima (1997: 260), the mind is endowed with the potential for sight and has a voice: swa hwa swa oncnæwð þa blindnysse his modes Clipige he mid inweardre heortan (he who is aware of his mind’s blindness let him shout out with inward heart). We see here the complexity of this mental structure. Ælfric’s references to the inner mind or heart go beyond a bodily personification and refer to layers of consciousness, where one part of the mind has an awareness that another part does not. This layered mind, conveyed through the metaphor of mind as body, is also to be found in the Alfredian translations and the Old English translation of the Benedictine Rule. This paper will argue that Ælfric employs the image of mind as body to facilitate the teaching of those outside the cloister to understand and therefore control their minds that they may learn to pray employing the essential elements of the monastic way of prayer. In doing this, Ælfric would seem to be offering the hope of achieving, at some level, a mystic union with Christ in a vision of God’s light to those who live beyond the cloister walls.