bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Characteristics of Sphenoid Sinus Fungus Ball: A Nine‐year Retrospective Study of 77 Cases
Authors: Jiang Tianjiao , Zhang Qian , Li Chunhao , Li Tong , Sun Shujuan , Chen Aiping , Ji Hongzhi , Wan Yuzhu , Shi Li , Yu Liang 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of sphenoid sinus fungus ball (SSFB) to help increase the accuracy of diagnosis and efficiency of treatment.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of 77 patients who were histopathologically diagnosed with SSFB.ResultsThe mean age of SSFB patients was 52.4 years (range 25–84), and 47 patients (61.0%) were female. Compared to age‐matched and sex‐matched chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients, headache was more common in SSFB patients (79.2%; p < 0.0001). SSFB patients also had higher prevalence of diabetes than CRS (p = 0.0420). The features of computed tomography (CT) were sphenoid sinus opacification (100%), sclerosis (93.5%), calcification (76.6%), and bone erosion (41.6%). Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) was the best treatment option, and the trans‐ethmoid (n = 64, 83.1%) was the most commonly used approach. No one experienced a recurrence of SSFB in 44 successfully contacted patients. Six months after FESS, 91.0% of patients (40/44) established proper drainage in the sphenoid sinus. The recovery rates for headache and nasal symptoms were 91.7% (33/36) and 77.8% (7/9) respectively.ConclusionSSFB is more prevalent in older women and usually presents as unilateral headache. Diabetes is a potential risk factor for SSFB. CT findings provide evidence for diagnosis and suggestions for surgical approaches. FESS is the optimal treatment for SSFB. After FESS, most patients had good prognosis with no recurrence of SSFB. However, regular endoscopic follow‐up is required due to the possibility of the postoperative closure of sphenoid ostium.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:3292–3298, 2023
Volumetric and Energetic Properties of Polystyrene and Polyethylene Oxide Affected by Thermal Cycling
Authors: Minisini Benoit , Soldera Armand 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolymers are known to exhibit hysteresis in their thermal and volumetric properties between cooling and heating at the glass transition. A thorough investigation of this hysteresis using atomistic simulation is not proposed until now. In this work, therefore, the glass transition is studied through heating and cooling protocols at constant rate for two polymers, polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene oxide (PEO), with different molecular weights. To achieve this objective, the analysis is carried out by plotting against temperature, specific volume, coefficient of thermal expansion, total energy, and constant volume heat capacity. The calculated properties for PS and PEO are found to be in good agreement with experimental data, confirming the accuracy of the TraPPE force field for these polymers. The glass transition temperature (Tg) range remains the same regardless of the properties. Moreover, the difference in properties between heating and cooling processes systematically leads to a peak at the same temperature, associated with Tg. Finally, starting from a low temperature, the polymer chains remain mainly in a potential well as the temperature rises, while during cooling the exploration of the configuration space continues up to the temperature where no torsional changes are observed.
The interplay of carbon and nitrogen distribution: Prospects for improved crop yields
Authors: Aluko Oluwaseun Olayemi , Liu Zhixin , Sun Xuwu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGrowth and productivity of plants primarily depend on the balanced distribution of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) among different organs. Previous studies on crop improvement have focussed on the C or N assimilation and distribution. However, recent findings reveal that C and N form a complex integrated network and are often dependent on each other to affect crop productivity. The underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the coordinated distribution of C and N among different plant organs are yet to be fully uncovered. Crucial roles in regulating C and N balance are played by transporters that mediate their movement across different organs. In Cotton, which has an indeterminate growth pattern, source–sink assimilate distribution could be a major bottleneck impeding fibre productivity. This review summarises our current understanding of C and N transport mechanisms, explores and compares different physiological and molecular approaches involved in the C–N distribution cascade, including cotton and other plant species. A comprehensive understanding of these integrated regulatory mechanisms is crucial for improving crop yields and fibre productivity.
Polyethylene Slurries: Swelling and Solubility
Authors: Mrad Amel Ben , Sheibat‐Othman Nida , Amorim Ana Paula Alves , do Rosario Roberta Lopes , McKenna Timothy F. L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe solubility of different alkanes in polyethylene (PE) of different densities, as well as the solubility of the polymers in the alkanes, and the degree of swelling of the powders are studied as a function of temperature. It is found that the solubility of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) is as much as 6 times greater than that of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) at the same temperature, and that LLDPE swells at least 50% more than HDPE the same diluent at the same temperature. The breakthrough curves also show that lighter alkanes swell the PE more at a given temperature than heavier ones. Also, the breakthrough points (the temperature at which the swelling versus temperature curves change slope) occur at lower temperatures for PE of lower density. Gel formation is observed for medium and low density polyethylenes in pentane and hexane. This quantitative information will be useful in developing process models for different industrial polymerization processes, as particle swelling can have a significant impact on slurry viscosity and the flow stability and solids loading of commercial reactors.
Benzoic Acid Inclusion Effects on Health Status and Growth Performance of Juvenile Pacific White Shrimp Penaeus vannamei
Authors: Loya-Rodríguez Mariany , Palacios-González Daniel Alberto , Lozano-Olvera Rodolfo , Martínez-Rodríguez Irma Eugenia , Puello-Cruz Ana Carmela 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Organic acids and their salts are used as additives in aquafeeds, as their participation in some metabolic pathways and energy generation in organisms increases the nutritional value. Benzoic acid (BA; C6H5-COOH), a white crystalline substance with a chemical structure that contains carboxylic acid attached to a benzene ring, is naturally found in plant and animal tissues. It is one of the most used organic acids due to its antifungal properties, and it acts as a preservative for a variety of human consumption products. Additionally, it demonstrates health and growth benefits when included in feeds by modifying the energy metabolism, microbiota, and intestinal tract morphology. Information on BA inclusion in aquatic food is rare, and such information for Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei is nonexistent. This study evaluated the effects on growth, survival, feed conversion ratio, energy content, and health status (through lipid quantification in the hepatopancreas, histological examination, and salinity stress tests) of Pacific white shrimp juveniles by including BA at different concentrations (0.0, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/kg) in a commercial feed. Diets with BA inclusion produced significant differences in the hepatosomatic index, hepatopancreas lipid content, and histopathological index value (reflecting damage to the hepatopancreas and antennal gland atrophy) at all BA concentrations. The lowest survival obtained was 94.44% at a BA concentration of 1.0 g/kg. The feed conversion ratio was in accordance with the range established by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations except for values obtained at 0 g/kg. Calorimetric analysis and BA detection in muscle revealed no significant differences between concentrations. Due to the results obtained in this study, the evaluated inclusions of BA are not recommended for use in juvenile Pacific white shrimp diets.
Analytical model for a circular lined tunnel embedded in the layered soil under seismic waves
Authors: Li Chao‐Long , Lu Jian‐Fei , Shi Meng‐Qin , Shen Rong‐Feng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, based on the wave function expansion method and exact stiffness method (ESM), an analytical model for a circular lined tunnel embedded in the layered soil under seismic waves is established. For convenience, the wave field in the layered‐soil‐tunnel (LST) system is divided into three parts, that is, the free wave field and scattering wave field in the layered soil, as well as the transmitted wave field in the lining. The free wave field in the layered soil is determined by the ESM for the layered soil. The scattering wave field in the layered soil is further decomposed into three parts, namely, the principal and complementary wave fields in the soil layer with the tunnel (the tunnel layer) as well as the modified wave field occurring in the other soil layers. These scattering wave fields are represented by the corresponding principal, complementary, and modified wave functions, respectively. The principal wave functions associated with the direct cylindrical waves emanated from the tunnel are represented by the Hankel functions. The complementary and modified wave functions correspond to the additional responses of the tunnel layer and the other soil layers due to the direct cylindrical waves from the tunnel, and can be obtained by expanding direct cylindrical waves into plane waves together with the application of the ESM. The transmitted wave field in the lining is simply represented by two kinds of Bessel functions. With the aforementioned wave field representations, the boundary value problem for the LST system under seismic waves is formulated. Based on the proposed analytical model, some numerical results and corresponding analyses are presented. Presented numerical results indicate that the dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF) associated with the stiffer tunnel layer is usually larger than that associated with the softer tunnel layer for the incidence of plane P waves with not very low frequencies, while the circumstance for the incidence of plane SV waves shows an opposite tendency.
What the clinician needs to know about medical nutrition therapy in critically ill patients in 2023: A narrative review
Authors: Dresen Ellen , Notz Quirin , Menger Johannes , Homayr Anna L. , Lindner Matthias , Radke David I. , Stoppe Christian , Elke Gunnar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMedical nutrition therapy (MNT) represents an essential element in the medical care of critically ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). Increasing awareness exists that energy and nutrients not only preserve body structures such as lean body/muscle mass but also represent promising therapeutic elements to target the profound metabolic, inflammatory, endocrinologic, and immunologic alterations occurring during critical illness. However, despite intense research activities for years, diverse aspects of MNT such as the optimal timing, dosing, and composition of energy and macronutrient supply, as well as the role of micronutrients, are still an issue of debate resulting from strong heterogeneity in methods and findings of respective studies. These discrepancies are also reflected in diverging recommendations of international clinical nutrition guidelines for specific topics. In addition, implementing targeted, personalized MNT strategies in routine clinical practice underlies difficulties and challenges resulting from disease‐specific issues and/or organizational, structural, and educational aspects. This narrative review aims to summarize the most recent evidence relevant to clinical practice on selected aspects of MNT in adult patients in the ICU and to provide guidance for implementing evidence‐based approaches for adequate energy and nutrient supply in the ICU setting.
On the effectiveness of the Moulinec–Suquet discretization for composite materials
Authors: Schneider Matti 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMoulinec and Suquet introduced a method for computational homogenization based on the fast Fourier transform which turned out to be rather computationally efficient. The underlying discretization scheme was subsequently identified as an approach based on trigonometric polynomials, coupled to the trapezoidal rule to substitute full integration. For problems with smooth solutions, the power of spectral methods is well‐known. However, for heterogeneous microstructures, there are jumps in the coefficients, and the solution fields are not smooth enough due to discontinuities across material interfaces. Previous convergence results only provided convergence of the discretization per se, that is, without explicit rates, and could not explain the effectiveness of the discretization observed in practice. In this work, we provide such explicit convergence rates for the local strain as well as the stress field and the effective stresses based on more refined techniques. More precisely, we consider a class of industrially relevant, discontinuous elastic moduli separated by sufficiently smooth interfaces and show rates which are known to be sharp from numerical experiments. The applied techniques are of independent interest, that is, we employ a local smoothing strategy, utilize Féjer means as well as Bernstein estimates and rely upon recently established superconvergence results for the effective elastic energy in the Galerkin setting. The presented results shed theoretical light on the effectiveness of the Moulinec–Suquet discretization in practice. Indeed, the obtained convergence rates coincide with those obtained for voxel finite element methods, which typically require higher computational effort.
Introduction: The Governance Challenge of Radioactive Waste Management
Authors: van Est Rinie , Arentsen Maarten , Dekker Romy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLong-term radioactive waste management (RWM) is a multidimensional and multi-level governance challenge. This chapter introduces and explains a governance ecosystem framework as tool to comparatively analyze how ten European countries covered by the book, deal with the complexities of the governance challenge of RWM.
UK Nuclear Waste Policy: 50 Wasted Years
Authors: Thomas Stephen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor the past 50 years, the UK nuclear industry has characterised disposal of radioactive waste as a social problem not a technology problem. Yet nearly 50 years after the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution’s report, the UK is still several decades away from building facilities that will provide a safe, permanent home for all but the lowest-level categories of waste. Attempts to site new facilities have repeatedly failed. In 2007, the approach changed from one driven by identifying an ideal site then implementing it, to one that placed consent from the hosting community at the forefront. The new policy appears risky, with little confidence that it will identify a site for the more dangerous waste that is both technically and politically acceptable. If a suitable site cannot be identified, policymakers will have to face the unpalatable option of long-term surface storage of highly radioactive waste.
Belonging and Unbelonging in Kampong Ayer, Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Hamdi Muhammad Faiz Zul , Abdullah Norhidayah , binti Narudin Hazimatul Diyana , Carnegie Paul J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines Kampong Ayer from a human geography perspective and the social construction of space over time. Kampong Ayer was and is a historically and culturally significant place in Brunei Darussalam. However, years of resettlement programmes, episodic fire destruction, and movements of people in and out of the area have resulted in significant reorientations. The chapter pays close attention to the ways in which increased migration over the last 30 years has played a role in reshaping everyday senses of belonging for the residents of Kampong Ayer.
Halal Certification in Brunei Darussalam: Bureaucratisation in Everyday Life
Authors: Kifli Siti Norfadzilah 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines the ways in which halal is regulated and practised in Brunei Darussalam by highlighting the process of halal certification and the recent enforcement of the Halal Certificate and Halal Label (Amendment) Order 2017. The analysis considers the impact this has had on the local food and beverage industry, particularly micro, small and medium enterprises. By comparing halal certification in Brunei with Singapore and Malaysia, the chapter identifies the operational concept used to regulate halal in Brunei, namely permissible, good and hygienic food through halalan thayyiban.
Entanglement entropy of local gravitational quenches
Authors: David Justin R. , Mukherjee Jyotirmoy 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We study the time dependence of Rényi/entanglement entropies of locally excited states created by fields with integer spins s ≤ 2 in 4 dimensions. For spins 0, 1 these states are characterised by localised energy densities of a given width which travel as a spherical wave at the speed of light. For the spin 2 case, in the absence of a local gauge invariant stress tensor, we probe these states with the Kretschmann scalar and show they represent localised curvature densities which travel at the speed of light. We consider the reduced density matrix of the half space with these excitations and develop methods which include a convenient gauge choice to evaluate the time dependence of Rényi/entanglement entropies as these quenches enter the half region. In all cases, the entanglement entropy grows in time and saturates at log 2. In the limit, the width of these excitations tends to zero, the growth is determined by order 2s + 1 polynomials in the ratio of the distance from the co-dimension-2 entangling surface and time. The polynomials corresponding to quenches created by the fields can be organized in terms of their representations under the SO(2)T × SO(2)L symmetry preserved by the presence of the co-dimension 2 entangling surface. For fields transforming as scalars under this symmetry, the order 2s + 1 polynomial is completely determined by the spin.
Micromorphic theory as a model for blood in the microcirculation: correction and analysis
Authors: Massing Florian , Glane Sebastian , Müller Wolfgang H. , Eremeyev Victor A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper analyzes the applicability of Eringen’s Generalized Continuum Theories as a model for human blood in the microcirculation. The applied theory considers a fluid with a fully deformable substructure, namely a micromorphic fluid. This analysis is motivated by the fact that blood itself can be considered a suspension of deformable particles, i.e., red blood cells (RBCs), suspended in a Newtonian fluid, i.e., blood plasma. As a consequence, non-Newtonian phenomena such as shear-thinning are observed in blood. To test the micromorphic fluid as a model for blood, the solution for the velocity and the motion of substructure is determined for a cylindrical pipe flow and compared to experimental results of blood flow through narrow glass capillaries representing idealized blood vessels. A similar analysis was also conducted by Kang and Eringen in 1976, but it contains some misprints and minor errors regarding the mathematical expressions and subsequent discussion which are corrected in this paper. For certain material parameters, the micromorphic fluid models capture high-shear blood flow in narrow glass capillaries very well. This concerns both the velocity profiles and the shear-thinning behavior. Furthermore, a parameter study reveals that the flexibility of substructure governs the micromorphic shear-thinning. In this regard, parallels can be drawn to the shear-thinning of human blood, which is also induced by the deformability of RBCs. This makes the micromorphic fluid a complex but accurate model for human blood, at least for the considered experiments.
Experimental and numerical study on failure mechanisms of the 7.62$$\times $$ 25 mm FMJ projectile and hyperelastic target material during ballistic impact
Authors: Zochowski Pawel , Cegła Marcin , Szczurowski Krzysztof , Mączak Jędrzej , Bajkowski Marcin , Bednarczyk Ewa , Grygoruk Roman , Magier Mariusz , Pyka Dariusz , Bocian Mirosław , Jamroziak Krzysztof , Gieleta Roman , Prasuła Piotr 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe main aim of the work was the experimental and numerical analysis of the energy absorption/dissipation capabilities and failure mechanisms of novel hyper-elastic target material intended for ballistic applications including layers of composite armors, projectile catching systems and anti-ricochet layers covering walls of shooting ranges, ballistic tunnels, etc. Static and dynamic mechanical properties of the material were analyzed at both room and elevated temperatures ($$40\div 80\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$

40
÷
80

∘

C

). Numerical models of the material and $$7.62\times 25$$

7.62
×
25

mm FMJ projectile were defined. Simulations of the hyper-elastic target penetration with the projectile were carried out. The differences between the results obtained numerically and experimentally were determined (measured as a relative error) and were lower than 15% what testified about proper definition of the numerical models of the analyzed phenomenon components.
A Stationary Black Hole Must be Axisymmetric in Effective Field Theory
Authors: Hollands Stefan , Ishibashi Akihiro , Reall Harvey S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe black hole rigidity theorem asserts that a rotating stationary black hole must be axisymmetric. This theorem holds for General Relativity with suitable matter fields, in four or more dimensions. We show that the theorem can be extended to any diffeomorphism invariant theory of vacuum gravity, assuming that this is interpreted in the sense of effective field theory, with coupling constants determined in terms of a “UV scale”, and that the black hole solution can locally be expanded as a power series in this scale.
Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs) in River Waters of Central Italy: Monthly Variation and Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA)
Authors: Castellani Federica , Galletti Mara , Charavgis Fedra , Cingolani Alessandra , Renzi Sonia , Nucci Mirko , Protano Carmela , Vitali Matteo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPerfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are a wide class of emerging pollutants. In this study, we applied the US EPA method 533 for the determination of 21 PFCs in river water samples. In particular, this method was used to investigate the presence of the target PFCs in six rivers in central Italy during a 4-month-long monitoring campaign. In 73% of the analyzed samples, at least some of the target PFCs were detected at concentrations higher than the limit of detection (LOD). The sum of the 21 target analytes (∑21PFCs) ranged from 4.3 to 68.5 ng L−1, with the highest concentrations measured in the month of June, probably due to a minor river streamflow occurring in the warmer summer months. Considering the individual congeners, PFBA and PFPeA, followed by PFHxA and PFOA, were the predominantly detected compounds. Short- and medium-chain PFCs (C4–C9) prevail over the long-chain PFCs (C10–C18), likely due to the increased industrial use and the higher solubility of short-chain PFCs compared to long-chain PFCs. The ecological risk assessment, conducted by using the risk quotient method, highlighted that the risk for aquatic environments associated with PFBA, PFPeA, PFBS, PFHxA and PFOA was low or negligible. Only for PFOA, there was a medium level of risk in two rivers in the month of June. With regard to PFOS, 54% of the river water samples were classified as “high risk” for the aquatic environment. The remaining 46% of the samples were classified as “medium risk.”