bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case Study on Drivers of the Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor at the Coast of East Antarctica
Authors: Sigmund Armin , Chaar Riqo , Ebner Pirmin Philipp , Lehning Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStable water isotopes (SWIs) contain valuable information on the past climate and phase changes in the hydrologic cycle. Recently, vapor measurements in the polar regions have provided new insights into the effects of snow‐related and atmospheric processes on SWIs. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the drivers of the particularly depleted vapor isotopic composition measured on a ship close to the East Antarctic coast during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition in 2017. Reanalysis data and backward trajectories are used to model the isotopic composition of air parcels arriving in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) above the ship. A simple model is developed to account for moisture exchanges with the snow surface. The model generally reproduces the observed trend with strongly depleted vapor δ18O values in the middle of the 6‐day study period. This depletion is caused by direct air mass advection from the ice sheet where the vapor is more depleted in heavy SWIs due to distillation during cloud formation. The time spent by the air masses in the marine ABL shortly before arrival at the ship is crucial as ocean evaporation typically leads to an abrupt change in the isotopic signature. Snow sublimation is another important driver when the isotopic composition of the sublimation flux differs substantially from that of the advected air mass, for example, marine air arriving at the coast or free‐tropospheric air descending from high altitudes. Despite strong simplifications, our model is a useful and computationally efficient method for understanding SWI dynamics at polar sites.
Ethical considerations in rapid and novel treatments in psychiatry
Authors: Haeusermann Tobias , Chiong Winston 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNew treatment modalities for mental illness are deeply needed, and emerging therapeutic agents such as psychedelics, ketamine, and neuromodulatory technologies have been welcomed by many researchers and patients. These treatment approaches have also been observed to raise novel ethical questions, and to pose new and different versions of familiar ethical questions in clinical treatment and research. We present an overview and introduction to these issues organized around three specific domains of ethical concern: informed consent, the role of expectancy in clinical response, and distributive justice.
Optimized production, purification, and radiolabeling of the 203Pb/212Pb theranostic pair for nuclear medicine
Authors: McNeil Brooke L. , Mastroianni Simona A. , McNeil Scott W. , Zeisler Stefan , Kumlin Joel , Borjian Sogol , McDonagh Anthony W. , Cross Michael , Schaffer Paul , Ramogida Caterina F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTRIUMF is one of the only laboratories in the world able to produce both lead-203 (203Pb, t1/2 = 51.9 h) and 212Pb (t1/2 = 10.6 h) onsite via its 13 and 500 MeV cyclotrons, respectively. Together, 203Pb and 212Pb form an element-equivalent theranostic pair that potentiate image-guided, personalized cancer treatment, using 203Pb as a single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) source, and 212Pb for targeted alpha therapy. In this study, improvements to 203Pb production were accomplished by manufacturing electroplated, silver-backed thallium (Tl) targets to improve target thermal stability, which allow for higher currents during irradiation. We implemented a novel, two-column purification method that employs selective Tl precipitation (203Pb only) alongside extraction and anion exchange chromatography to elute high specific activity and chemical purity 203/212Pb in a minimal volume of dilute acid, without the need for evaporation. Optimization of the purification method translated to improvements in radiolabeling yields and apparent molar activity of lead chelators TCMC (S-2-(4-Isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraaza-1,4,7,10-tetra(2-carbamoylmethyl)cyclododecane) and Crypt-OH, a derivative of a [2.2.2]-cryptand.
Evaluation and timing optimization of CT perfusion first pass analysis in comparison to maximum slope model in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Vats Neha , Mayer Philipp , Kortes Franziska , Klauß Miriam , Grenacher Lars , Stiller Wolfram , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Skornitzke Stephan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFor implementation, performance evaluation and timing optimization of CT perfusion first pass analysis (FPA) by correlation with maximum slope model (MSM) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, dynamic CT perfusion acquisitions of 34 time-points were performed in 16 pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. Regions of interest were marked in both parenchyma and carcinoma. FPA, a low radiation exposure CT perfusion technique, was implemented. Blood flow (BF) perfusion maps were calculated using FPA and MSM. Pearson’s correlation between FPA and MSM was calculated at each evaluated time-point to determine optimum timing for FPA. Differences in BF between parenchyma and carcinoma were calculated. Average BF for MSM was 106.8 ± 41.5 ml/100 ml/min in parenchyma and 42.0 ± 24.8 ml/100 ml/min in carcinoma, respectively. For FPA, values ranged from 85.6 ± 37.5 ml/100 ml/min to 117.7 ± 44.5 ml/100 ml/min in parenchyma and from 27.3 ± 18.8 ml/100 ml/min to 39.5 ± 26.6 ml/100 ml/min in carcinoma, depending on acquisition timing. A significant difference (p value < 0.0001) between carcinoma and parenchyma was observed at all acquisition times based on FPA measurements. FPA shows high correlation with MSM (r > 0.90) and 94% reduction in the radiation dose compared to MSM. CT perfusion FPA, where the first scan is obtained after the arterial input function exceeds a threshold of 120 HU, followed by a second scan after 15.5–20.0 s, could be used as a potential imaging biomarker with low radiation exposure for diagnosing and evaluating pancreatic carcinoma in clinical practice, showing high correlation with MSM and the ability to differentiate between parenchyma and carcinoma.
Experimental insights into energy savings and future directions of drag reducing polymers in multiphase flow pipelines
Authors: Alsurakji Ihab H. , Al-Sarkhi Abdelsalam , El-Qanni Amjad , Mukhaimar Ayman 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFrictional pressure drop has been grasping the attention of many industrial applications associated with multi-phase and academia. Alongside the United Nations, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development calls for the exigency of giving attention to economic growth, a considerable reduction in power consumption is necessary to co-up with this vision and to adhere to energy-efficient practices. Thereinto, drag-reducing polymers (DRPs), which do not require additional infrastructure, are a much better option for increasing energy efficiency in a series of critical industrial applications. Therefore, this study evaluates the effects of two DRPs—polar water-soluble polyacrylamide (DRP-WS) and nonpolar oil-soluble polyisobutylene (DRP-OS)—on energy efficiency for single-phase water and oil flows, two-phase air–water and air-oil flows, and three-phase air–oil–water flow. The experiments were conducted using two different pipelines; horizontal polyvinyl chloride with an inner diameter of 22.5 mm and horizontal stainless steel with a 10.16 mm internal diameter. The energy-efficiency metrics are performed by investigating the head loss, percentage saving in energy consumption (both per unit pipe length), and throughput improvement percentage (%TI). The larger pipe diameter was used in experiments for both DRPs, and it was discovered that despite the type of flow or variations in liquid and air flow rates, there was a reduction in head loss, an increase in energy savings, and an increase in the throughput improvement percentage. In particular, DRP-WS is found to be more promising as an energy saver and the consequent savings in the infrastructure cost. Hence, equivalent experiments of DRP-WS in two-phase air–water flow using a smaller pipe diameter show that the head loss drastically increases. However, the percentage saving in power consumption and throughput improvement percentage is significantly compared with that found in the larger pipe. Thus, this study found that DRPs can improve energy efficiency in various industrial applications, with DRP-WS being particularly promising as an energy saver. However, the effectiveness of these polymers may vary depending on the flow type and pipe diameter.
Automatic identification of medically important mosquitoes using embedded learning approach-based image-retrieval system
Authors: Kittichai Veerayuth , Kaewthamasorn Morakot , Samung Yudthana , Jomtarak Rangsan , Naing Kaung Myat , Tongloy Teerawat , Chuwongin Santhad , Boonsang Siridech 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMosquito-borne diseases such as dengue fever and malaria are the top 10 leading causes of death in low-income countries. Control measure for the mosquito population plays an essential role in the fight against the disease. Currently, several intervention strategies; chemical-, biological-, mechanical- and environmental methods remain under development and need further improvement in their effectiveness. Although, a conventional entomological surveillance, required a microscope and taxonomic key for identification by professionals, is a key strategy to evaluate the population growth of these mosquitoes, these techniques are tedious, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and reliant on skillful and well-trained personnel. Here, we proposed an automatic screening, namely the deep metric learning approach and its inference under the image-retrieval process with Euclidean distance-based similarity. We aimed to develop the optimized model to find suitable miners and suggested the robustness of the proposed model by evaluating it with unseen data under a 20-returned image system. During the model development, well-trained ResNet34 are outstanding and no performance difference when comparing five data miners that showed up to 98% in its precision even after testing the model with both image sources: stereomicroscope and mobile phone cameras. The robustness of the proposed—trained model was tested with secondary unseen data which showed different environmental factors such as lighting, image scales, background colors and zoom levels. Nevertheless, our proposed neural network still has great performance with greater than 95% for sensitivity and precision, respectively. Also, the area under the ROC curve given the learning system seems to be practical and empirical with its value greater than 0.960. The results of the study may be used by public health authorities to locate mosquito vectors nearby. If used in the field, our research tool in particular is believed to accurately represent a real-world scenario.
A universal UHPLC-CAD platform for the quantification of polysaccharide antigens
Authors: Corrado A. , De Martino M. , Bordoni V. , Giannini S. , Rech F. , Cianetti S. , Berti F. , Magagnoli C. , De Ricco R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSeveral glycoconjugate-based vaccines against bacterial infections have been developed and licensed for human use. Polysaccharide (PS) analysis and characterization is therefore critical to profile the composition of polysaccharide-based vaccines. For PS content quantification, the majority of Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) methods rely on the detection of selective monosaccharides constituting the PS repeating unit, therefore requiring chemical cleavage and tailored development: only a few methods directly quantify the intact PS. The introduction of charged aerosol detector (CAD) technology has improved the response of polysaccharide analytes, offering greater sensitivity than other detector sources (e.g., ELSD). Herein, we report the development of a universal UHPLC-CAD method (UniQS) for the quantification and quality evaluation of polysaccharide antigens (e.g., Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and Staphylococcus aureus). This work laid the foundation for a universal UHPLC-CAD format that could play an important role in future vaccine research and development helping to reduce time, efforts, and costs.
Liver transplantation for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Huang Gaobo , Song Weilun , Zhang Yanchao , Yu Jiawei , Lv Yi , Liu Kang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLiver resection (LR) is the only recommended effective curative treatment for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), but the prognosis of patients with ICC is still poor even after curative resection. Recently, many researchers focused on the therapeutic value of LT for patients with ICC. This study aimed to identify the role of liver transplantation in patients with ICC by internally comparing with LR in ICC and externally comparing with LT in HCC. We obtained patient data from SEER database. Propensity score methods were applied to control confounders. Survival outcome was estimated using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and compared using the log-rank test. A total of 2538 patients with ICC after surgery and 5048 patients with HCC after LT between 2000 and 2019 were included in this study. The prognosis of patients with ICC after LT were better than patients with ICC after LR in both unmatched (HR 0.65, P = 0.002) and matched cohorts (HR 0.62, P = 0.009). The 5-year OS rate after LT could be improved to 61.7% in patients with local advanced ICC after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the prognosis of patients with ICC after LT was better than patients with ICC after LR, but was still worse than patients with HCC after LT. LT with neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be considered as a treatment option for patients with locally advanced ICC, but more prospective multicenter clinical trials are needed to further confirm these results.
A tale of two cities
Authors: Granados Adrián , Lorenzo Francisco 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study analyses the implementation of CLIL in two monolingual regions of Spain: Madrid and Andalusia. As a matter of fact, as these two regions have been mostly governed by political parties with contrasting ideologies, this may have affected the way in which CLIL has been implemented. Firstly, this paper will offer a literature review of the outcomes that the CLIL programme has produced in the two regions according to research. Secondly, the implementation of CLIL in each region will be examined by means of a document analysis of the CLIL regulations introduced in the two contexts, on the basis of the following themes: CLIL introduction and development, pupil selection, teacher training and compensation, and the inclusion of other languages. Finally, the discussion will explore whether the different outcomes of CLIL in the two regions may be the result of the ideologies guiding the implementation of the programme and will establish some sociolinguistic principles required to frame bilingual competence in the wider social debate on inequality. The greatest ideological difference observed is pupil selection, which may lead to language poverty in certain layers of society.
Six reconstruction effects in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Law Paul , Pan Haihua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe paper presents empirical evidence for six reconstruction effects in Mandarin Chinese. It includes data concerning the copula verb, epistemic modals, scope of aspectual sentence-final particle–leover indefinitewh-phrases, downward entailing quantifiers, predicates of creation, Binding Condition B, quantifier scope anddōu-quantification. The syntactic structures in which reconstruction applies can be derived either by A- or A-bar-movement. Our investigation brings empirical facts to bear on the syntax-semantics interface showing an essential property of natural language that semantic properties and syntactic structures do not vary freely.
O035 Evaluating the mental wellbeing of prostate cancer patients: initial results from the ongoing MIND-P cohort study
Authors: Brunckhorst O , Liszka J , James C , Fanshawe J , Hammadeh M , Williams M , Thomas R , Khan S , Sheriff M , Ahmed H , Van Hemelrijck M , Stewart R , Dasgupta P , Ahmed K 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The impact of prostate cancer on an individual's mental wellbeing is becoming increasingly apparent. However, less is known about which patient, treatment and oncological factors are associated with poorer wellbeing outcomes.

Methods
This ongoing prospective cohort study follows newly diagnosed patients for 1 year post cancer diagnosis (NCT04647474). Participants were recruited across eight hospitals with validated questionnaires completed at 3-monthly intervals. Wellbeing scores were compared between treatment groups with a univariate logistic regression conducted to evaluate a composite outcome of developing any significant mental wellbeing issue (depressive or anxiety symptoms, fear of cancer recurrence, body image or masculine self-esteem) against other patient and oncological factors.

Results
Of 198 participants recruited, 134 have undergone at least 3 months follow up and were included in the analysis. Mental wellbeing issues were common with probable depression and anxiety in 11.2% and 9.7% of participants respectively. Overall, a third (33.5%) of participants developed at least one significant mental wellbeing issue. No differences were seen between treatment group mental wellbeing mean scores. However, younger age (OR 0.95, p=0.028) and Black or African ethnicity (OR 5.41, p=0.008) were significant patient factors. Additionally, all baseline mental wellbeing symptoms scores were significantly associated, with depressive and anxiety (both OR 1.36, p&lt;0.001) symptoms important predictors.

Conclusion
We demonstrate the significant incidence of mental wellbeing issues during the initial prostate cancer follow up. Additionally, patient factors and baseline mental wellbeing scores appear to be associated with poorer outcomes and should be considered during prostate cancer follow up.

Take-home message
Mental wellbeing issues are common post a prostate cancer diagnosis. It is therefore important to consider associative features for their development such as younger age and ethnicity during cancer follow up to improve identification of these issues during care.
920 Complications of Facial Cosmetic Botulinum Toxin an Injections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zargaran D , Zoller F , Zargaran A , Rahman E , Woollard A , Weyrich T , Mosahebi A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aim
Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injections are a popular non-surgical procedure for facial rejuvenation with increasingly pervasive use in cosmetic clinical practice. This study analyzes the safety profile of cosmetic glabellar and forehead BoNT-A injections and assesses the influence of the practitioner factor and BoNT-A type on the complication rate.

Method
A systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed for studies reporting complications after cosmetic BoNT-A injections glabellar or in the forehead region. A random effects meta-analysis was carried out to assess complication rate. Where there were sufficient Randomized-Controlled Trials (RCTs) a network meta-analysis was performed.

Results
Of 556 identified articles, 24 were included in the final quantitative analysis with 4,268 BoNT-A injection sessions and 1,234 placebos. Frequently observed treatment-related complications in the BoNT-A intervention group included headache, local skin reactions and facial neuromuscular symptoms. Overall BoNT-A complication rate was 16%. The odds ratio of developing complications from Abobotulinum toxin injections compared to placebo was 1.62 [1.15, 2.27; p&gt;0.05]. The odds ratio of developing complications from Onabotulinum toxin injections compared to placebo was 1.34 [0.52, 3.48; p&gt;0.05]. In 30% of studies the injectors were doctors, whilst in the remaining 70% the training status of practitioners was not reported.

Conclusions
Cosmetic BoNT-A injections in the glabellar and forehead region appear to be safe and the majority of complications are mild and transient. Nevertheless, the literature demonstrates heterogeneous reporting of complications and a lack of consistency of the definition of treatment-related complications.
Finding Home: The Experience of Home on Journeys Away from Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Henze-Pedersen Sofie , Poulsen Juliane Birkedal 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Violence in the intimate sphere can send women and children out of their homes and onto journeys over vast geographical distances and into various forms of temporary accommodation. When women and children are displaced like this, they have to settle and re-settle on their complex journeys away from intimate partner violence. This article shows that not all these places will be or become home and that the absence of home can entail different forms of distress, such as fear, alienation and despondency. The concept of home is (re)emerging in social work. By employing a threefold understanding of home as a physical place, a feeling and a practice, this article offers new insights into the role of home in the recovery process of women and children subjected to violence. Home is an essential place for adults and children. Therefore, this article argues that home is an important concept for social workers working with families subjected to violence, as finding home can be a central part of the recovery process. This article is based on data from two studies on families experiencing intimate partner violence, drawing on fieldwork at a women’s shelter and on semi-structured interviews with women and children.
Residential Social Care Experiences of LGBTQ+ Young People in England: A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Schaub Jason , Stander Willem J , Montgomery Paul 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer or questioning (LGBTQ+) young people are overrepresented in out-of-home social care and face significant physical health, mental health and well-being inequalities compared with their non-LGBTQ+ peers. Their residential care experiences have been missing from the knowledge base, with no prior in-depth published research in the UK. Theoretically informed by an intersectional minority stress framework and combining qualitative and co-production methodologies, this study produced a nuanced understanding of the residential care experiences of LGBTQ+ young people. We interviewed twenty young people (sixteen–twenty-four years old) in England with a broad range of LGBTQ+ and multiple intersecting minority identities. We analysed data using reflexive thematic analysis, producing four themes: widespread discrimination and marginalisation; unmet mental and sexual health needs; importance of affirming professional relationships and resilience and self-relying strategies. Findings suggest that multiple minority identities magnified young people’s challenges. Combining the findings with our systematic scoping review developed an explanatory model which provides a dynamic understanding of (un)supportive or (dis)affirming residential care environments. Implications for policy, practice and research include LGBTQ+ inclusive policies and services, mandatory competency-based training combined with ongoing reflexive supervisory practice and incorporating the voices of LGBTQ+ young people in service delivery.