bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The peri‐implant mucosa color: A systematic appraisal of methods for its assessment and clinical significance
Authors: Mancini Leonardo , Barootchi Shayan , Thoma Daniel S. , Jung Ronald E. , Gallucci German O. , Wang Hom‐Lay , Tavelli Lorenzo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeri‐implant mucosa color (PMC) seems to be one of the main parameters affecting the esthetic outcome of implant therapy. However, more emphasis should be given to its assessment and reporting.PurposeTo describe the available evidence on methods to assess and report the color of the peri‐implant mucosa (PMC) and the respective clinical relevance.Material and MethodsA comprehensive electronic and manual search was performed to identify clinical studies reporting on PMC.ResultsA total of 121 studies were included. PMC was evaluated at the time of the follow‐up visit (chairside) in 45.5% studies. PMC assessment was performed qualitatively, by comparing PMC with adjacent and/or contralateral gingiva (78.6%) or quantitatively, using spectrophotometry (20.7%) or a software on clinical photographs (0.8%). The most performed method to assess PMC was through esthetic indices (76.9%), either at the time of the follow‐up visit (chairside) or at later time point using photographs. Quantitative reporting of PMC included averages of points from esthetic indices or color differences to natural gingiva expressed with the CIELAB color system. PMC assessment allowed describing color discrepancies compared to natural gingiva, evaluating color changes over time, and comparing the outcomes of different treatment modalities. PMC assessment through spectrophotometry was additionally utilized to assess the role of mucosal thickness (MT) on PMC.ConclusionsVarious methods for PMC assessment and reporting were described, including visual assessment, mainly through esthetic indices, and spectrophotometry. PMC evaluation has allowed to demonstrate the factors affecting the color of the peri‐implant soft tissue, such as the type of abutment/restoration, MT, and soft tissue augmentation.
Does muscle growth mediate changes in a nonspecific strength task?
Authors: Spitz Robert W. , Dankel Scott J. , Jessee Matthew B. , Wong Vickie , Bell Zachary W. , Abe Takashi , Loenneke Jeremy P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine if muscle growth mediates increases in a strength task which was not directly trained. One hundred fifty‐one participants were randomized into control, one‐repetition maximum training (1RM‐TRAIN), or traditional training (TRAD‐TRAIN). Training groups performed isotonic elbow flexion 3x/week for 6 weeks. Anterior muscle thickness at 50%, 60% and 70% upper arm length, and maximal isokinetic torque at 60°/sec were assessed pre‐ and post‐training. Change‐score mediation models (adjusted for sex, pre‐muscle thickness, and pre‐strength) were constructed for each muscle thickness site. The effects of each training group were evaluated relative to the control. Data is presented as coefficient (95% CI). There were no significant relative direct effects on nonspecific strength for either training group outside of the 60% model (1.7 [0.13, 3.27] Nm). The relative effect of 1RM‐TRAIN on muscle thickness was greater in 60% (0.09 [0.01, 0.17] cm) and 70% (0.09 [0.00, 0.17] cm) models; while TRAD‐TRAIN was greater in all three: (50% = 0.24 [0.15, 0.32]; 60% = 0.24 [0.16, 0.33]; 70% = 0.22 [0.14, 0.31] cm). The effect of muscle thickness on nonspecific strength was only significant for the 60% (−3.06 [−5.7, −0.35] Nm) model. The relative indirect effect on nonspecific strength was not significant for the 1RM‐TRAIN or TRAD‐TRAIN. Similar to previous findings on specific strength, we did not find evidence for a mediating effect of muscle growth on training induced increases in nonspecific strength. The importance of muscle growth for changes in nonspecifically trained strength may need to be reconsidered.
Improving alcohol management in primary health care in Mexico: A return‐on‐investment analysis
Authors: Solovei Adriana , Rovira Pol , Anderson Peter , Jané‐Llopis Eva , Natera Rey Guillermina , Arroyo Miriam , Medina Perla , Mercken Liesbeth , Rehm Jürgen , de Vries Hein , Manthey Jakob 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionAlcohol screening, brief advice and referral to treatment (SBIRT) in primary health care is an effective strategy to decrease alcohol consumption at population level. However, there is relatively scarce evidence regarding its economic returns in non‐high‐income countries. The current paper aims to estimate the return‐on‐investment of implementing a SBIRT program in Mexican primary health‐care settings.MethodsEmpirical data was collected in a quasi‐experimental study, from 17 primary health‐care centres in Mexico City regarding alcohol screening delivered by 145 health‐care providers. This data was combined with data from a simulation study for a period of 10 years (2008 to 2017). Economic investments were calculated from a public sector health‐care perspective as clinical consultation costs (salary and material costs) and program costs (set‐up, adaptation, implementation strategies). Economic return was calculated as monetary gains in the public sector health‐care, estimated via simulated reductions in alcohol consumption, dependent on population coverage of alcohol interventions delivered to primary health‐care patients.ResultsResults showed that scaling up a SBIRT program in Mexico over a 10‐year period would lead to positive return‐on‐investment values ranging between 21% in scenario 4 (confidence interval −8.6%, 79.5%) and 110% in scenario 5 (confidence interval 51.5%, 239.8%). Moreover, over the 10‐year period, up to 16,000 alcohol‐related deaths could be avoided as a result of implementing the program.Discussion and ConclusionsSBIRT implemented at national level in Mexico may lead to substantial financial gains from a public sector health‐care perspective.
Impacts of health care service changes implemented due to COVID‐19 on children and young people with long‐term disability: A mapping review
Authors: Merrick Hannah , Driver Helen , Main Chloe , Kenny Ryan P. W. , Richmond Catherine , Allard Amanda , Bola Kulwinder , Morris Christopher , Parr Jeremy R. , Pearson Fiona , Pennington Lindsay ,   the Resetting Services Team
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo identify the research on childhood disability service adaptations and their impact on children and young people with long‐term disability during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodA mapping review was undertaken. We searched the World Health Organization Global COVID‐19 database using the search terms ‘children’, ‘chronic/disabling conditions’, and ‘services/therapies’. Eligible papers reported service changes for children (0–19 years) with long‐term disability in any geographical or clinical setting between 1st January 2020 and 26th January 2022. Papers were charted across the effective practice and organization of care taxonomy of health system interventions and were narratively synthesized; an interactive map was produced.ResultsReduction of face‐to‐face care and usual provision had a huge impact on children and families. Adoption of telehealth provided continuity for the care and management of some conditions. There was limited evidence of changes to mental health services, transitions of care, social care, or child‐reported satisfaction or acceptability of service changes.InterpretationThe long‐term impacts of service change during the pandemic need full evaluation. However, widespread disruption seems to have had a profound impact on child and carer health and well‐being. Service recovery needs to be specific to the individual needs of children with a disability and their families. This should be done through coproduction to ensure that service changes meet needs and are accessible and equitable.
Pain and neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants born very preterm
Authors: Giordano Vito , Deindl Philipp , Gal Elisabeth , Unterasinger Lukas , Fuiko Renate , Steinbauer Philipp , Weninger Manfred , Berger Angelika , Olischar Monika 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the impact of the level of pain experienced by infants born preterm on neurodevelopmental outcomes during their stay in a neonatal intensive care unit.MethodIn this retrospective data analysis we included all surviving infants born preterm with a gestational age between 23 and 32 weeks from 2011 to 2015, who were assessed using the Neonatal Pain, Agitation, and Sedation Scale and examined at 1 year of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. We excluded all infants who had suffered severe neurological morbidities and undergone surgical interventions.ResultsA total of 196 infants born preterm were included in the analyses: 105 in the ‘no pain group’ and 91 in the ‘pain group’. Significant differences between the groups were detected for both mental and motor development (p = 0.003, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.23–10.92; p = 0.025, 95% CI 0.64–9.78). The results remained significant after controlling for other important medical conditions (p = 0.001, 95% CI −19.65 to −5.40; p = 0.010, 95% CI −16.18 to −2.29).InterpretationNeonatal pain exposure was associated with altered neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants born very preterm at a corrected age of 12 months. This observation highlights the importance of adequate pain management to reduce the risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes in these vulnerable patients.
Haemodynamics and oxygenation in the lower‐limb muscles of young ambulatory adults with cerebral palsy
Authors: Aviram Ronit , Kima Inbar , Parmet Yisrael , Bassan Haim , Willigenburg Thierry , Riemer Raziel , Bar‐Haim Simona 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate muscle haemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in adults with cerebral palsy (CP) at rest and during exercise.MethodThis cross‐sectional study included 12 adults with spastic CP (four females, eight males; mean age [SD] 29 years 6 months [7 years 10.8 months]) and 13 typically developing individuals (seven females, six males; mean age [SD] 26 years 6 months [1 year 1.9 months]). Near‐infrared spectroscopy was used to assess changes in muscle blood flow (mBF), muscle oxygen consumption (mVO2), and muscle oxygen saturation in the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris muscles during three conditions: rest, low load at 20% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), and high load at 80% MVC.ResultsMBF was lower in participants with CP than in typically developing participants at rest (p < 0.001) and at 20% MVC (p = 0.007) in both muscles. Increased load caused a reduction in mBF in typically developing participants and an increase in CP. MVO2 in typically developing participants increased from rest to 20% MVC and was reduced at 80% MVC compared with 20% MVC. In participants with CP, there was no change with load in the rectus femoris muscle; however, there was an increase in the vastus lateralis muscle from rest to 20% MVC, and 80% MVC had a similar value. Muscle saturation was higher in participants with CP across all conditions (vastus lateralis, p < 0.001; rectus femoris, p = 0.0518).InterpretationOxidative metabolism in CP is not limited by oxygen delivery (mBF), because high muscle saturation suggests oxygen availability. Adults with CP demonstrate muscular responses to exercise that are inconsistent with typical high‐workload activation, probably because of inefficient fibre recruitment and secondary anomalies.
Morphine exposure and neurodevelopmental outcome in infants born extremely preterm
Authors: Luzzati Michele , Coviello Caterina , De Veye Henriette Swarenburg , Dudink Jeroen , Lammertink Femke , Dani Carlo , Koopmans Corine , Benders Manon , Tataranno Maria Luisa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between morphine exposure in the neonatal period and neurodevelopment at 2 and 5 years of age while controlling for potential confounders.MethodWe performed a retrospective, single‐centre cohort study on 106 infants (60 males, 46 females; mean gestational age 26 weeks [SD 1]) born extremely preterm (gestational age < 28 weeks). Morphine administration was expressed as cumulative dose (mg/kg) until term‐equivalent age. Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed at 2 years with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition, Dutch version and at 5 years with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Third Edition, Dutch version. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between morphine exposure and outcome.ResultsSixty‐four out of 106 (60.4%) infants included in the study received morphine. Morphine exposure was not associated with poorer motor, cognitive, and language subscores of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition, Dutch version at 2 years. Morphine exposure was associated with lower Full‐Scale IQ scores (p = 0.008, B = −9.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −15.6 to −3.1) and Performance IQ scores (p = 0.005, B = −17.5, 95% CI = −27.9 to −7) at 5 years of age.InterpretationMorphine exposure in infants born preterm is associated with poorer Full‐Scale IQ and Performance IQ at 5 years. Individualized morphine administration is advised in infants born extremely preterm.
Bariatric‐metabolic surgery for NHS patients with type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom National Bariatric Surgery Registry
Authors: Currie Andrew , Bolckmans Roel , Askari Alan , Byrne James , Ahmed Ahmed R. , Batterham Rachel L. , Mahawar Kamal , Miras Alexander Dimitri , Pring Chris M. , Small Peter K. , Welbourn Richard 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimBariatric‐metabolic surgery is approved by the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) for people with severe obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (including class 1 obesity after 2014). This study analysed baseline characteristics, disease severity and operations undertaken in people with obesity and T2DM undergoing bariatric‐metabolic surgery in the UK National Health Service (NHS) compared to those without T2DM.MethodsBaseline characteristics, trends over time and operations undertaken were analysed for people undergoing primary bariatric‐metabolic surgery in the NHS using the National Bariatric Surgical Registry (NBSR) for 11 years from 2009 to 2019. Clinical practice before and after the publication of the NICE guidance (2014) was examined. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine associations with T2DM status and the procedure undertaken.Results14,948/51,715 (28.9%) participants had T2DM, with 10,626 (71.1%) on oral hypoglycaemics, 4322 (28.9%) on insulin/other injectables, and with T2DM diagnosed 10+ years before surgery in 3876 (25.9%). Participants with T2DM, compared to those without T2DM, were associated with older age (p < 0.001), male sex (p < 0.001), poorer functional status (p < 0.001), dyslipidaemia (OR: 3.58 (CI: 3.39–3.79); p < 0.001), hypertension (OR: 2.32 (2.19–2.45); p < 0.001) and liver disease (OR: 1.73 (1.58–1.90); p < 0.001), but no difference in body mass index was noted. Fewer people receiving bariatric‐metabolic surgery after 2015 had T2DM (p < 0.001), although a very small percentage increase of those with class I obesity and T2DM was noted. Gastric bypass was the commonest operation overall. T2DM status was associated with selection for gastric bypass compared to sleeve gastrectomy (p < 0.001).ConclusionNHS bariatric‐metabolic surgery is used for people with T2DM much later in the disease process when it is less effective. National guidance on bariatric‐metabolic surgery and data from multiple RCTs have had little impact on clinical practice.
Left ventricular aneurysm versus pseudoaneurysm: Diagnosis in the era of multi‐modality imaging and 3D‐printing
Authors: Abdelhaleem Ahmed , Leung Amanda , Nguyen James , Schapiro William , Khalique Omar , Bercow Neil , Cao Jie J. , Kadiyala Madhavi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this case report, we illustrate the contemporary use of multi‐modality cardiac imaging and three‐dimensional (3D)‐printing in the diagnosis and precise surgical planning of a large ventricular aneurysm with an extensive thrombus burden after myocardial infarction. We further discuss an integrated multimodality approach in the evaluation of ventricular outpouchings.
Recovering from first episode psychotic mania: The experience of people diagnosed with bipolar disorder
Authors: Farr Joanna , Rhodes John E. , Smith Jonathan A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimEarly intervention for people diagnosed with bipolar disorder is a priority, but little is known about how recovery from first episode psychotic mania is experienced by this group. This study aimed to explore the experience of recovery from first episode psychotic mania for people diagnosed with bipolar disorder.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 11 young adults during recovery from first episode psychotic mania and were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.ResultsThree themes were identified: (i) ‘Possession of purpose and staying well’, (ii) ‘Coping with compromise’ and (iii) ‘Manic relapse: pressure and proving self’. On becoming well, the participants experienced a sense of purpose through engaging with activities and goals that also drove their efforts to engage in strategies to stay well. However, these strategies created feelings of compromise that not all were prepared to accept. Though having purpose and goals created a positive sense of direction, for a minority of the participants they also created additional pressure, contributing to manic relapse.ConclusionsThe purpose created by engaging with aspirations and career‐related activities during early intervention was found to be important for a meaningful recovery from first episode bipolar disorder. This instilled positivity and purpose, motivating efforts to maintain wellness. The feelings of compromise that some participants experienced point to the need for individually tailored interventions. Findings suggest a delicate relationship between the positivity of engaging in goals and the risk of manic relapse during recovery from first episode psychotic mania.
Beta‐glucan suppresses high‐fat‐diet‐induced obesity by attenuating dyslipidemia and modulating obesogenic marker expressions in rats
Authors: Eraniappan Seshathri , Balasubramaniyan Prathap , Uddandrao V. V. Sathibabu , Roy Anitha , Singaravel Sengottuvelu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe current study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of beta‐glucan (BG), which is a key bioactive compound predominantly present in mushrooms and cereals against high‐fat‐diet (HFD)‐induced obesity, and to understand its mechanism of action. Obesity was induced in rats by supplementing the diet with HFD and BG (40 mg/kg body weight) for a period of 6 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, the body weight, as well as hyperglycemic, dyslipidemia, and obesogenic marker expressions, was assessed in the control group and in the experimental obese rats. Administration of BG to obese rats significantly reduced body weight gain and attenuated hyperglycemia, which was confirmed by the decreased blood glucose and insulin resistance. At the same time, BG mitigated dyslipidemia by altering expressions of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma (PPAR‐γ), sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1 (SREBP‐1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA (HMG‐CoA) reductase, and fatty acid‐binding protein‐4 (Fab‐4) in HFD‐induced obese rats. In conclusion, this study revealed that BG is a potential candidate to ameliorate HFD‐induced obesity by modulating obesogenic marker expressions, especially by regulating the master regulator PPAR‐γ.
Carbon uptake in Eurasian boreal forests dominates the high‐latitude net ecosystem carbon budget
Authors: Watts Jennifer D. , Farina Mary , Kimball John S. , Schiferl Luke D. , Liu Zhihua , Arndt Kyle A. , Zona Donatella , Ballantyne Ashley , Euskirchen Eugénie S. , Parmentier Frans‐Jan W. , Helbig Manuel , Sonnentag Oliver , Tagesson Torbern , Rinne Janne , Ikawa Hiroki , Ueyama Masahito , Kobayashi Hideki , Sachs Torsten , Nadeau Daniel F. , Kochendorfer John , Jackowicz‐Korczynski Marcin , Virkkala Anna , Aurela Mika , Commane Roisin , Byrne Brendan , Birch Leah , Johnson Matthew S. , Madani Nima , Rogers Brendan , Du Jinyang , Endsley Arthur , Savage Kathleen , Poulter Ben , Zhang Zhen , Bruhwiler Lori M. , Miller Charles E. , Goetz Scott , Oechel Walter C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractArctic‐boreal landscapes are experiencing profound warming, along with changes in ecosystem moisture status and disturbance from fire. This region is of global importance in terms of carbon feedbacks to climate, yet the sign (sink or source) and magnitude of the Arctic‐boreal carbon budget within recent years remains highly uncertain. Here, we provide new estimates of recent (2003–2015) vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco), net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE; Reco − GPP), and terrestrial methane (CH4) emissions for the Arctic‐boreal zone using a satellite data‐driven process‐model for northern ecosystems (TCFM‐Arctic), calibrated and evaluated using measurements from >60 tower eddy covariance (EC) sites. We used TCFM‐Arctic to obtain daily 1‐km2 flux estimates and annual carbon budgets for the pan‐Arctic‐boreal region. Across the domain, the model indicated an overall average NEE sink of −850 Tg CO2‐C year−1. Eurasian boreal zones, especially those in Siberia, contributed to a majority of the net sink. In contrast, the tundra biome was relatively carbon neutral (ranging from small sink to source). Regional CH4 emissions from tundra and boreal wetlands (not accounting for aquatic CH4) were estimated at 35 Tg CH4‐C year−1. Accounting for additional emissions from open water aquatic bodies and from fire, using available estimates from the literature, reduced the total regional NEE sink by 21% and shifted many far northern tundra landscapes, and some boreal forests, to a net carbon source. This assessment, based on in situ observations and models, improves our understanding of the high‐latitude carbon status and also indicates a continued need for integrated site‐to‐regional assessments to monitor the vulnerability of these ecosystems to climate change.
Ethnic diversification and neighbourhood mixing: A rapid response analysis of the 2021 Census of England and Wales
Authors: Catney Gemma , Lloyd Christopher D. , Ellis Mark , Wright Richard , Finney Nissa , Jivraj Stephen , Manley David 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper provides a rapid response analysis of the changing geographies of ethnic diversity and segregation in England and Wales using Census data covering the last 30 years (1991, 2001, 2011 and 2021), a period of significant social, economic and political change. Presenting the first detailed analysis of 2021 Census small area ethnic group data, we find that the growth of ethnic diversity at the national level is mirrored across residential neighbourhoods. Increasing numbers of neighbourhoods are home to a substantial mix of people from different ethnic groups, and this growing neighbourhood ethnic diversity has been spatially diffusing across all regions of England and Wales. We argue that to understand the ethnic mosaic across England and Wales, it is more illuminating to consider mix than majority: places labelled as ‘minority‐majority’ are, in fact, ethnically diverse spaces, home to sizable proportions of people from many ethnic groups. Increasing ethnic diversity is matched by decreasing residential segregation, for all ethnic groups—majority and minority.