bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charging d‐Orbital Electron of ReS2+x Cocatalyst Enables Splendid Alkaline Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Zhong Wei , Xu Jiachao , Zhang Xidong , Zhang Jianjun , Wang Xuefei , Yu Huogen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRhenium disulfide (ReS2) holds expansive perspective in photocatalytic water‐splitting field, but its H2‐production rate is severely impeded by the strong hydroxyl (OHad) adsorption on catalytic Re atoms. Herein, an ingenious strategy about charging d‐orbital electrons of ReS2+x cocatalyst by integrating metallic Au is explicitly clarified to effectively accelerate OHad desorption for promoting alkaline photocatalytic H2‐evolution activity. To this end, core‐shell Au@ReS2+x nanostructures as H2‐production cocatalysts are skillfully fabricated onto TiO2 by a directional assembly pathway. Experimental and theoretical data validate an free‐electron transfer from metallic Au core to S‐rich ReS2+x shell, thus essentially charging electrons to the d‐orbital of Re atoms to construct active Re(4‐δ)+ sites. The charged d‐orbital electron state of Re(4‐δ)+ atoms raises antibonding occupancy of the Re(4‐δ)+OHad bonds, thereby accelerating OHad desorption and endowing core‐shell Au@ReS2+x cocatalysts an efficient H2 production from alkaline water splitting. Moreover, the core‐shell Au@ReS2+x cocatalysts can effectively capture photogenerated electrons from TiO2 as unveiled by operando Kelvin probe force microscopy. Consequently, the optimized TiO2/Au@ReS2+x photocatalyst achieves an exceptional H2‐production rate of 6013.45 µmol h−1 g−1 with releasing visual H2 bubbles in alkaline media. This research furnishes original insights for charging orbital electrons to optimize the adsorption strength between intermediates and catalytic atoms.
Reversible Electronic Patterning of a Dynamically Responsive Hydrogel Medium
Authors: Yang Chen , Liu Yi , Wang Manya , Hu Hui , Zhao Zhongtao , Deng Hongbing , Payne Gregory F. , Shi Xiaowen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA dynamically responsive hydrogel medium is prepared from two self‐assembling components, a polysaccharide (chitosan) and a surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate; SDS). It is shown that this medium can be patterned using an electrode “pen” to reconfigure supramolecular structure: cathodic writing induces neutral chitosan chains to form a crystalline network, while anodic writing generates cationic chitosan chains that electrostatically crosslink with anionic SDS micelles. Both supramolecular structures are re‐configurable and each is stabilized by structure‐induced shifts in chitosan's pKa, thus electronically written patterns can be erased, new patterns can be written, and patterns can be written in three dimensions. Further, it is shown that NaCl‐induced morphological transitions of the SDS micelles allow patterns to be reversibly concealed or revealed. To demonstrate the versatility of this medium for information storage, a quick response (QR) code is electronically written and it is shown that this code can be recognized by a standard cellphone app. This QR code can be concealed by making the medium opaque (i.e., by obscuring the pattern) or by making the pattern evanescent (i.e., by making pattern invisible). Overall, this work demonstrates that a dynamically responsive medium composed of simple, safe and sustainable components can be reversibly patterned with spatial and quantitative control using top‐down electronic inputs.
Hybrid Tuning of Sub‐Filaments to Improve Analog Switching Performance in Memristive Devices
Authors: Hu Pan , Hossain Sushmit , Liu Zerui , Meng Deming , Wang Yunxiang , Ou Tse‐Hsien , Yang Hao , Chen Buyun , Cai Zhi , Shi Yudi , Barnell Mark , Wu Qing , Cronin Stephen B. , Wu Wei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMemristive devices are promising candidates for analog computing applications such as neuromorphic computation. Larger dynamic ranges and more sufficient multilevel states can enable the significant development of memristor‐based utilizations. Herein, a method to improve the analog switching performance of memristors through a hybrid tuning (coarse and fine tuning) of two sub‐filaments is demonstrated. The creation of sub‐filaments inside the dielectric switching layer is realized by deploying Pt metal islands in the switching layer. Given the different material stack configurations of the two sub‐filaments, they exhibit different switching properties to play the roles of coarse and fine tuning respectively in the memristor. Based on the above mechanism, a Pt/Ta/Al2O3/Pt island/Al2O3‐x/TiOy/Al2O3‐x/Pt memristor is proposed and fabricated. Through the hybrid tuning of two sub‐filaments, a combined dynamic range of 600 Ω to 50 kΩ is achieved. Compared to the reference Pt/Ta/Al2O3/Pt memristors (dynamic range: 600 Ω to 8 kΩ), both dynamic range and multilevel resistance states are increased significantly. Meanwhile, the energy efficiency is improved because the resistance of tunable states can be set to larger values. Furthermore, this mechanism can be incorporated into various existing memristors to improve their dynamic range and multilevel states, which extensively enriches the applications of memristors.
Ultra‐Compact and NonVolatile Nanophotonic Neural Networks
Authors: Yuan Huan , Wang Zhicheng , Peng Zheng , Wu Jiagui , Yang Junbo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA nanophotonic neural network (N‐PNN) architecture is proposed with compact nanophotonic scattering units and a hybrid structure of silicon and nonvolatile arrayed Sb2Se3. This PNN can execute deep neural networks (DNN) classification and identification tasks with a broad operation bandwidth and very compact footprint. The reconstruction of the convolutional kernel core is realized by digitally switching the phase state of the Sb2Se3 array. Based on a three‐dimensional finite‐difference time‐domain analysis, the core unit received only 4.92 × 2.34 µm2 footprint. The convolution kernel unit weights are reconfigured with high‐accuracy (7‐bit) image processing and recognition in the wavelength C‐band (1530–1570 nm). Furthermore, various deep‐learning tasks (speech, digital patterns, and clothing patterns) are investigated. The accuracy of the classification and recognition efficiency reached almost the same level as that of a 64‐bit computer. The size of the N‐PNN is almost two orders of magnitude smaller than that of classic Mach–Zehnder interferometer meshes. It is conducive for scalability, high‐radix DNN, and optoelectronic fusion of photonic integrated circuits and electronic integrated circuits.
Interfacial Engineering on Cathode and Anode with Iminated Polyaniline@rGO‐CNTs for Robust and High‐Rate Full Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Meng , Chen Hao , Guo Can , Qian Shangshu , Li Hongpeng , Wu Zhenzhen , Xing Chao , Xue Pan , Zhang Shanqing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) currently suffer from severe polysulfide shuttling, slow redox kinetics at the sulfur cathode, and irreversible dendrite growth at the lithium anode. To address these issues, a dual interfacial engineering strategy on both the cathode and anode is proposed. For the cathode, iminated polyaniline (iPANI) is used to achieve energetic engineering to induce mid‐energy level to the adsorption of polysulfides, and catalyze the redox conversion of sulfur species, and realize morphological engineering via self‐assembly of iPANI onto a scaffold integrated by reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), namely iPANI@rGO‐CNTs. For the anode, the highly conductive and lithiophilic nature and porous nanostructure of the iPANI@rGO‐CNTs composite facilitates the uniform deposition of lithium‐ions, significantly preventing the growth of lithium dendrites. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the iminated functional group at the excited state in iPANI can significantly suppress the shuttling effect, catalyze the conversion of sulfur species, and enhance the conversion of the sulfur species on the sulfur cathode. With the synergic effects of the iPANI@rGO‐CNTs nanoreactors, the as‐prepared LSBs deliver an excellent rate capability and outstanding cycling life. This large‐scale production and application of the iPANI@rGO‐CNTs nanocomposite may lead to the eventual commercialization of LSBs.
Increasing potato profitability through rotation systems and winter cover, nitrogen fertilizer, and supplemental irrigation in Atlantic Canada
Authors: Khakbazan Mohammad , Nyiraneza Judith , Jiang Yefang , Huang Jianzhong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAverage potato yield in Prince Edward Island, Canada, has been stagnant since 2006. Two field studies were conducted on Charlottetown fine sandy loam soil to address this concern. In the first experiment, two alternative crop rotations, grain corn (Zea mays L.)–sorghum sudan grass (Sorghum × drummondii)–potato (C–SS–P) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)–mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.)–potato (Soy–M–P), were compared to a conventional barley (Hordeum jubatum L.) (under seeded with red clover)–red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)–potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) (B–RedCl–P) rotation. This experiment was conducted for two 3‐year cycles comparing the effects of potato rotation, nitrogen fertilizer, and supplemental irrigation. The second experiment evaluated the inclusion of winter cover crops in a 3‐year potato crop rotation. The profitability of potatoes in each rotation was assessed using a stochastic budget of yields and fertilizer and crop prices. The effects of supplemental irrigation were not significant; however, nitrogen fertilization increased potato yields by 48%. Potato yields and net revenues in C–SS–P increased by 10.5% and 32.6% and in Soy–M–P by 6.7% and 20.5%, respectively, compared to potato in B–RedCl–P rotation. The use of winter rape cover increased potato yields by 18.6% compared to a system without winter covers, although some of these increases could be due to the use of sudan grass instead of red clover in B–RedCl–P rotation. It is recommended that potato producers implement the alternative rotation with additional fertilization and winter cover crops to increase yields and profits.
Overexpression of ACE2 ameliorates Aβ‐induced blood–brain barrier damage and angiogenesis by inhibiting NF‐κB/VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway
Authors: Zhang Xueling , Zhang Yu , Zhang Ling , Qin Chuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPathological angiogenesis and blood–brain barrier damage may play an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). ACE2 is mainly expressed on the surface of endothelial cells in brain. Recent studies have shown that the expression of ACE2 in AD is reduced, but its role in AD is still unclear.MethodWe induced AD damage in endothelial cells using Aβ25‐35 and overexpressed ACE2 in bEend.3 cells through lentiviral transfection. We detected the effect of Aβ25‐35 on cell viability using the CCK‐8 assay and examined the effect of overexpressing ACE2 on angiogenesis using an angiogenesis assay. We used western blot and cell immunofluorescence to detect changes in the expression of the VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway, tight junction protein, and NF‐κB pathway.ResultsAβ25‐35 treatment significantly decreased the expression of ACE2 and reduced cell viability. ACE2 overexpression (1) reduced the number of branches and junctions in tube formation, (2) inhibited the activation of the VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway induced by Aβ25‐35, (3) increased the expression of TJPs, including ZO‐1 and claudin‐5, and (4) restored Aβ25‐35‐induced activation of the NF‐κB pathway.ConclusionOverexpression of ACE2 can improve pathological angiogenesis and blood–brain barrier damage in AD models in vitro by inhibiting NF‐κB/VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway activity. ACE2 may therefore represent a therapeutic target for endothelial cell dysfunction in AD.
Perioperative Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Shu Liqi , Jiang Wei , Xiao Han , Henninger Nils , Nguyen Thanh N. , Siegler James E. , de Havenon Adam , Goldstein Eric D. , Mandel Daniel , Rana Maheen , Al‐Mufti Fawaz , Frontera Jennifer , Furie Karen , Yaghi Shadi 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveAnticoagulation therapy is commonly interrupted in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) for elective procedures. However, the risk factors of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) during the periprocedural period remain uncertain. We performed a nationwide analysis to evaluate AIS risk factors in patients with AF undergoing elective surgical procedures.MethodsUsing the Nationwide Readmission Database, we included electively admitted adult patients with AF and procedural Diagnosis‐Related Group codes from 2016 to 2019. Diagnoses were identified based on International Classification of Disease, 9th revision‐Clinical Modification (ICD‐10 CM) codes. We constructed a logistic regression model to identify risk factors and developed a new scoring system incorporating CHA2DS2VASc to estimate periprocedural AIS risk.ResultsOf the 1,045,293 patients with AF admitted for an elective procedure, the mean age was 71.5 years, 39.2% were women, and 0.70% had a perioperative AIS during the index admission or within 30 days of discharge. Active cancer (adjusted OR [aOR] = 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.42–1.76), renal failure (aOR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.04–1.24), neurological surgery (aOR = 4.51, 95% CI = 3.84–5.30), cardiovascular surgery (aOR = 2.74, 95% CI = 2.52–2.97), and higher CHA2DS2VASc scores (aOR 1.25 per point, 95% CI 1.22–1.29) were significant risk factors for periprocedural AIS. The new scoring system (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.67 to 0.79) incorporating surgical type and cancer outperformed CHA2DS2VASc (AUC = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.60 to 0.61).InterpretationIn patients with AF, periprocedural AIS risk increases with the CHA2DS2VASc score, active cancer, and cardiovascular or neurological surgeries. Studies are needed to devise better strategies to mitigate perioperative AIS risk in these patients. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:321–329
Photo‐ und Electrochemische Cobalt‐Katalysierte Wasserstoffatomübertragung für die Hydrofunktionalisierung von Alkenen
Authors: Jana Samikshan , Mayerhofer Victor J. , Teskey Christopher J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractKatalytische Wasserstoffatomübertragung von Metallhydriden an Alkene ermöglicht es Olefine als Ausgangsmaterial für Alkylradikale zu verwenden. Aufgrund der Chemoselektivität dieses Prozesses, ist es ein attraktives Werkzeug und wurde regelmäßig für die Synthese von komplizierten Molekülen verwendet. Jedoch ist die weitere Reaktivität durch die Kompatibilität mit den Bedingungen, aus der die Metallhydridspzies gebildet wird, eingeschränkt. Durch die Einbringung der Photokatalyse oder Elektrochemie kommen mildere Methoden zum Vorschein, die völlig neue Reaktivitäten erschließen und Perspektiven schaffen diese Methoden in neue Richtungen auszubauen. Diese Zusammenfassung stellt die neusten Entwicklungen in elektro‐ und photochemisch Cobalt‐katalysierten Methodiken vor, und gibt eine Aussicht auf zukünftige Entwicklungen.
Purification and characterization of a high molecular weight serine protease from Microbacterium paraoxydans sp. SKS10
Authors: Saggu Sandeep Kaur , Bala Renu , Hora Rachna , Mishra Prakash Chandra 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlkaline proteases from microbial sources have been found suitable for diverse industrial applications, with serine proteases being the most common enzymes used in the detergent industry. In the present study, we have purified and characterized an extracellular alkaline serine protease from Microbacterium paraoxydans sp. SKS10. The protease was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by different chromatography techniques (fold purification 6.919). Km and Vmax for the protease were determined to be 0.183 mg/mL and 4.904 U/mL, respectively. This enzyme is a thermostable high molecular weight (∼109.4 kDa) protease which has maximal activity at 60°C, and above pH 10. Inhibitor assays revealed the enzyme to be a serine protease whose activity increased by 2.5‐fold in the presence of EDTA. This enzyme remained active in the presence of various metal salts and organic solvents and was compatible with commercially available laundry detergents highlighting its potential for use in the detergent industry.
Linking the unfolded protein response to bioactive lipid metabolism and signalling in the cell non‐autonomous extracellular communication of ER stress
Authors: Watt Nicole T. , McGrane Anna , Roberts Lee D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) organelle is the key intracellular site of both protein and lipid biosynthesis. ER dysfunction, termed ER stress, can result in protein accretion within the ER and cell death; a pathophysiological process contributing to a range of metabolic diseases and cancers. ER stress leads to the activation of a protective signalling cascade termed the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). However, chronic UPR activation can ultimately result in cellular apoptosis. Emerging evidence suggests that cells undergoing ER stress and UPR activation can release extracellular signals that can propagate UPR activation to target tissues in a cell non‐autonomous signalling mechanism. Separately, studies have determined that the UPR plays a key regulatory role in the biosynthesis of bioactive signalling lipids including sphingolipids and ceramides. Here we weigh the evidence to combine these concepts and propose that during ER stress, UPR activation drives the biosynthesis of ceramide lipids, which are exported and function as cell non‐autonomous signals to propagate UPR activation in target cells and tissues.
Toward standardized solid medium cultivations: Online microbial monitoring based on respiration activity
Authors: Finger Maurice , Schröder Eliot , Berg Christoph , Dinger Robert , Büchs Jochen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCultivating microorganisms on solid agar media is a fundamental technique in microbiology and other related disciplines. For the evaluation, most often, a subjective visual examination is performed. Crucial information, such as metabolic activity, is not assessed. Thus, time‐resolved monitoring of the respiration activity in agar cultivations is presented to provide additional insightful data on the metabolism. A modified version of the Respiration Activity MOnitoring System (RAMOS) was used to determine area‐specific oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer rates and the resulting respiratory quotients of agar cultivations. Therewith, information on growth, substrate consumption, and product formation was obtained. The validity of the presented method was tested for different prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms on agar, such as Escherichia coli BL21, Pseudomonas putida KT2440, Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), Saccharomyces cerevisiae WT, Pichia pastoris WT, and Trichoderma reesei RUT‐C30. Furthermore, it is showcased that several potential applications, including the determination of colony forming units, antibiotic diffusion tests, quality control for spore production or for pre‐cultures and media optimization, can be quantitatively evaluated by interpretation of the respiration activity.
Downregulation of miR‐100‐5p in cancer‐associated fibroblast‐derived exosomes facilitates lymphangiogenesis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Chao , Yang Chenbo , Tian Xiangyu , Liang Yinghao , Wang Shuaiyuan , Wang Xiaoqian , Shou Yuwei , Li Hui , Xiao Qiankun , Shu Jiao , Sun Miaomiao , Chen Kuisheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), an aggressive gastrointestinal tumor, often has high early lymphatic metastatic potential. Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are primary components in tumor microenvironment (TME), and the impact of CAFs and its derived exosomes on lymphangiogenesis remains elusive.Materials and MethodsCAFs and the microlymphatic vessel density (MLVD) in ESCC was examined. Exosomes were extracted from primary normal fibroblast (NFs) and CAFs. Subsequently, tumor‐associated lymphatic endothelial cells (TLECs) were treated with these exosomes, and the effect on their biological behavior was examined. miR‐100‐5p was selected as the target miRNA, and its effect on TLECs was examined. The target of miR‐100‐5p was predicted and confirmed. Subsequently, IGF1R, PI3K, AKT, and p‐AKT expression in TLECs and tumors treated with exosomes and miR‐100‐5p were examined.ResultsA large number of CAFs and microlymphatic vessels were present in ESCC, leading to a poor prognosis. CAF‐derived exosomes promoted proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation in TLECs. Further, they also enhanced lymphangiogenesis in ESCC xenografts. miR‐100‐5p levels were significantly lower in CAF‐derived exosomes than in NF‐derived exosomes. miR‐100‐5p inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation in TLECs. Further, miR‐100‐5p inhibited lymphangiogenesis in ESCC xenografts. Mechanistic studies revealed that this inhibition was mediated by the miR‐100‐5p‐induced inhibition of IGF1R/PI3K/AKT axis.ConclusionTaken together, our study demonstrates that CAF‐derived exosomes with decreased miR‐100‐5p levels exhibit pro‐lymphangiogenesis capacity, suggesting a possibility of targeting IGF1R/PI3K/AKT axis as a strategy to inhibit lymphatic metastasis in ESCC.
A multicenter phase II trial of primary prophylactic PEG‐rhG‐CSF in pediatric patients with solid tumors and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma after chemotherapy: An interim analysis
Authors: Huang Junting , Lu Suying , Wang Juan , Jiang Lian , Luo Xuequn , He Xiangling , Wu Yanpeng , Wang Yi , Zhu Xiuli , Chen Jian , Tang Yanlai , Chen Keke , Tian Xin , Shi Boyun , Guo Lanying , Zhu Jia , Sun Feifei , Zhen Zijun , Zhang Yizhuo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (PEG‐rhG‐CSF) can be used in pediatric patients. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of PEG‐rhG‐CSF as a primary prophylactic drug against neutropenia after chemotherapy in pediatric patients with solid tumors or non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).Patients and MethodsThis phase II study (between October 2020 and March 2022) enrolled pediatric patients with solid tumors or NHL treated with high‐intensity chemotherapy and with grade ≥3 myelosuppression for at least 14 days during chemotherapy. Prophylactic PEG‐rhG‐CSF was given at 100 μg/kg body weight (maximum total dosage of 6 mg) once 24–48 h following chemotherapy for two cycles. The primary endpoint was the incidence of PEG‐rhG‐CSF‐related adverse events (AEs). The key secondary endpoints were the rates of grade 3/4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia (FN).ResultsThis study included 160 pediatric patients with a median age of 6.22 (0.29, 18.00) years. Fifty‐eight patients (36.25%) were diagnosed with sarcoma. AEs potentially related to PEG‐rhG‐CSF included bone pain (n = 32), fatigue (n = 21), pain at the injection site (n = 21), and myalgia (n = 20). The rates of grade 3/4 neutropenia and FN during treatment were 57.28% and 29.45%, respectively.ConclusionPEG‐rhG‐CSF is well tolerated and effective in pediatric patients with solid tumors or NHL. These findings should be substantiated with further trials.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04547829.