bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head and neck tumor segmentation convolutional neural network robust to missing PET/CT modalities using channel dropout
Authors: Zhao Lin-mei , Zhang Helen , Kim Daniel D , Ghimire Kanchan , Hu Rong , Kargilis Daniel C , Tang Lei , Meng Shujuan , Chen Quan , Liao Wei-hua , Bai Harrison , Jiao Zhicheng , Feng Xue 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective. Radiation therapy for head and neck (H&N) cancer relies on accurate segmentation of the primary tumor. A robust, accurate, and automated gross tumor volume segmentation method is warranted for H&N cancer therapeutic management. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel deep learning segmentation model for H&N cancer based on independent and combined CT and FDG-PET modalities. Approach. In this study, we developed a robust deep learning-based model leveraging information from both CT and PET. We implemented a 3D U-Net architecture with 5 levels of encoding and decoding, computing model loss through deep supervision. We used a channel dropout technique to emulate different combinations of input modalities. This technique prevents potential performance issues when only one modality is available, increasing model robustness. We implemented ensemble modeling by combining two types of convolutions with differing receptive fields, conventional and dilated, to improve capture of both fine details and global information. Main Results. Our proposed methods yielded promising results, with a Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.802 when deployed on combined CT and PET, DSC of 0.610 when deployed on CT, and DSC of 0.750 when deployed on PET. Significance. Application of a channel dropout method allowed for a single model to achieve high performance when deployed on either single modality images (CT or PET) or combined modality images (CT and PET). The presented segmentation techniques are clinically relevant to applications where images from a certain modality might not always be available.
Effect of the toroidal flow shear on the m/n = 2/1 tearing mode by using the rotating resonant magnetic perturbations in the J-TEXT Tokamak
Authors: Jia Ruo , Li Da , Ding Yonghua , Ren Zhengkang , Wang Nengchao , Mao Feiyue , He Ying 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
It has been found that a higher-frequency rotating resonant magnetic perturbation (RRMP) can suppress a large tearing mode (TM) and avoid subsequent disruption (Li et al 2020 Nucl. Fusion
60 056022). To clarify the mechanism of the stabilizing effect of the higher-frequency RRMP, experiments on the effects of RRMPs with different frequencies on the TM amplitude are presented in this paper. After eliminating the destabilizing effect of RRMP, the statistical analysis reveals a notable negative correlation between changes in the amplitude of the TM and changes in the mode frequency. Further investigation indicates an absence of a suppressive effect of the toroidal flow on the TM. Instead, the data shows a clear linear relationship between changes in the TM amplitude and the flow shear in proximity to the resonant surface, with a high coefficient of determination (r
2). Those experimental results suggest that the flow shear plays a significant role in the suppression of TMs and offer a plausible method to prevent disruptions in future devices.
Predicting coarse-grained semantic features in language comprehension: evidence from ERP representational similarity analysis and Chinese classifier
Authors: Huang Zirui , Feng Chen , Qu Qingqing 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Existing studies demonstrate that comprehenders can predict semantic information during language comprehension. Most evidence comes from a highly constraining context, in which a specific word is likely to be predicted. One question that has been investigated less is whether prediction can occur when prior context is less constraining for predicting specific words. Here, we aim to address this issue by examining the prediction of animacy features in low-constraining context, using electroencephalography (EEG), in combination with representational similarity analysis (RSA). In Chinese, a classifier follows a numeral and precedes a noun, and classifiers constrain animacy features of upcoming nouns. In the task, native Chinese Mandarin speakers were presented with either animate-constraining or inanimate-constraining classifiers followed by congruent or incongruent nouns. EEG amplitude analysis revealed an N400 effect for incongruent conditions, reflecting the difficulty of semantic integration when an incompatible noun is encountered. Critically, we quantified the similarity between patterns of neural activity following the classifiers. RSA results revealed that the similarity between patterns of neural activity following animate-constraining classifiers was greater than following inanimate-constraining classifiers, before the presentation of the nouns, reflecting pre-activation of animacy features of nouns. These findings provide evidence for the prediction of coarse-grained semantic feature of upcoming words.
Human Papillomavirus-Associated Anal Cancer Incidence and Burden Among US Men, According to Sexual Orientation, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status, and Age
Authors: Deshmukh Ashish A , Damgacioglu Haluk , Georges Damien , Sonawane Kalyani , Clifford Gary M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Men who have sex with men (MSM) without HIV are known to be at elevated relative risk for Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated anal cancer in comparison to men who have sex with women (MSW), but are poorly characterized in terms of anal cancer incidence due to absence of reporting of sexual behavior/identity at a population-level.

Methods
By combining age-specific statistics from multiple data sources (anal cancer incidence among all males; anal cancer incidence among MSM and MSW with HIV; population size of men with HIV by sexual orientation), we developed a mathematical model to estimate anal cancer incidence, annual number of cases, and proportion by (a) sexual orientation (MSM versus MSW), (b) HIV status, and (c) age (&lt;30, 30–44, 45–59, and ≥60 years).

Results
Anal cancer incidence (per 100 000) among MSM without HIV was 1.4 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 0.6 to 2.3), 17.6 (95% UI = 13.8–23.5), and 33.9 (95% UI = 28.3–42.3), at ages 30–44, 45–59 and ≥60 years, respectively. 19.1% of all male anal cancer occurred in MSM without HIV, increasing from 4% of anal cancer diagnosed at 30–44 years to 24% at ≥60 years; 54.3% occurred in MSW without HIV (increasing from 13% at age 30–44 to 67% at &gt;60 years), and the remaining 26.6% in men (MSM and MSW combined) with HIV (decreasing from 83% at age 30–44 to 9% at &gt;60 years).

Conclusions
These findings should inform anal cancer prevention recommendations in male risk groups, including, for the first time, for the important group of MSM without HIV.
Individual Consequences of Occupational Decline
Authors: Edin Per-Anders , Evans Tiernan , Graetz Georg , Hernnäs Sofia , Michaels Guy 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We assess the career earnings losses that individual Swedish workers suffered when their occupations’ employment declined. High-quality data allow us to overcome sorting into declining occupations on various attributes, including cognitive and non-cognitive skills. Our estimates show that occupational decline reduced mean cumulative earnings from 1986–2013 by no more than 2%–5%. This loss reflects a combination of reduced earnings conditional on employment, reduced years of employment and increased time spent in unemployment and retraining. While on average workers successfully mitigated their losses, those initially at the bottom of their occupations’ earnings distributions lost up to 8%–11%.
Involvement of Racially and Ethnically Minoritized Youths in Behavioral Type 1 Diabetes Interventions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dimentstein Karen , Greenberg Brooke A , Valenzuela Jessica M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
Psychosocial interventions targeting glycemic health in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have been promising. Nonetheless, disparities in T1D treatment and outcomes are pervasive among racially/ethnically minoritized (REM) youth and a systematic review examining the inclusion of REM youth in psychosocial interventions is lacking. Therefore, the present systematic review examined the literature to determine the inclusion of REM youth with T1D in psychosocial interventions.

Methods
A systematic literature review was conducted per PRISMA guidelines for psychosocial intervention studies of youth (&lt;19 years) with T1D between 2011 and 2022 using PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and MedLine. Tables of contents for JPP, CPPP, and Diabetes Care were also reviewed. The date last searched was April 26, 2022. Studies were examined for risk of bias using the QualSyst rating system.

Results
Twenty-four studies met inclusion criteria with a total of 3,117 participants. Studies utilized various psychological interventions (e.g., CBT, MI, behavioral modalities). Seventeen studies reported participants’ race/ethnicity and eleven studies included &gt;20% REM youth.

Conclusions
One study examined the impact of interventions on REM youth or whether the intervention reduces existing racial/ethnic disparities. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Metal line emission from galaxy haloes at z ≈ 1
Authors: Dutta Rajeshwari , Fossati Matteo , Fumagalli Michele , Revalski Mitchell , Lofthouse Emma K , Nelson Dylan , Papini Giulia , Rafelski Marc , Cantalupo Sebastiano , Arrigoni Battaia Fabrizio , Dayal Pratika , Longobardi Alessia , Péroux Celine , Prichard Laura J , Prochaska J Xavier 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a study of the metal-enriched halo gas, traced using Mg ii and [O ii] emission lines, in two large, blind galaxy surveys – the MUSE (Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer) Analysis of Gas around Galaxies (MAGG) and the MUSE Ultra Deep Field (MUDF). By stacking a sample of ≈600 galaxies (stellar masses $M_*$ ≈ 106–12 $\rm M_\odot$), we characterize for the first time the average metal line emission from a general population of galaxy haloes at 0.7 ≤ z ≤ 1.5. The Mg ii and [O ii] line emission extends farther out than the stellar continuum emission, on average out to ≈25 and ≈45 kpc, respectively, at a surface brightness (SB) level of 10−20 $\rm erg\, s^{-1}\, cm^{-2}\, arcsec^{-2}$. The radial profile of the Mg ii SB is shallower than that of the [O ii], suggesting that the resonant Mg ii emission is affected by dust and radiative transfer effects. The [O ii] to Mg ii SB ratio is ≈3 over ≈20–40 kpc, also indicating a significant in situ origin of the extended metal emission. The average SB profiles are intrinsically brighter by a factor of ≈2–3 and more radially extended by a factor of ≈1.3 at 1.0 &lt; z ≤ 1.5 than at 0.7 ≤ z ≤ 1.0. The average extent of the metal emission also increases independently with increasing stellar mass and in overdense group environments. When considering individual detections, we find extended [O ii] emission up to ≈50 kpc around ≈30–40 per cent of the group galaxies, and extended (≈30–40 kpc) Mg ii emission around two z ≈ 1 quasars in groups, which could arise from outflows or environmental processes.
COVID-19 infection, admission and death and the impact of corticosteroids among people with rare autoimmune rheumatic disease during the second wave of COVID-19 in England: results from the RECORDER Project
Authors: Rutter Megan , Lanyon Peter C , Grainge Matthew J , Hubbard Richard , Bythell Mary , Stilwell Peter , Aston Jeanette , McPhail Sean , Stevens Sarah , Pearce Fiona A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To calculate the rates of COVID-19 infection and COVID-19-related death among people with rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases (RAIRD) during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in England, and describe the impact of corticosteroids on outcomes.

Methods
Hospital Episode Statistics data were used to identify people alive on 1 August 2020 with ICD-10 codes for RAIRD from the whole population of England. Linked national health records were used to calculate rates and rate ratios of COVID-19 infection and death up to 30 April 2021. Primary definition of COVID-19-related death was mention of COVID-19 on the death certificate. NHS Digital and Office for National Statistics general population data were used for comparison. The association between 30-day corticosteroid usage and COVID-19-related death, COVID-19-related hospital admissions and all-cause deaths was also described.

Results
Of 168 330 people with RAIRD, 9961 (5.92%) had a positive COVID-19 PCR test. The age-standardized infection rate ratio between RAIRD and the general population was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.00). 1342 (0.80%) people with RAIRD died with COVID-19 on their death certificate and the age–sex-standardized mortality rate for COVID-19-related death was 2.76 (95% CI: 2.63, 2.89) times higher than in the general population. There was a dose-dependent relationship between 30-day corticosteroid usage and COVID-19-related death. There was no increase in deaths due to other causes.

Conclusions
During the second wave of COVID-19 in England, people with RAIRD had the same risk of COVID-19 infection but a 2.76-fold increased risk of COVID-19-related death compared with the general population, with corticosteroids associated with increased risk.
Hypertensive crisis: diagnosis, presentation, and treatment
Authors: Stewart Merrill H. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
Hypertensive crisis (HTN-C) is a condition of increasing prevalence. It carries significant morbidity and mortality, and prompt recognition and treatment are crucial. There is a paucity of controlled trials, so a working knowledge of the most recent literature in the area of HTN-C is helpful.

Recent findings
Novel serological markers, including serum corin, have been found to aid in the early identification of end-organ damage from severely elevated blood pressure (BP). In the area of BP following thrombolysis for ischemic stroke, lower target BP (130–140 mmHg) is associated with some improved outcomes. Two large trials of lower BP following mechanical thrombectomy in stroke have failed to show improved outcomes; however, observed data show benefits at lower than currently recommended levels. Clevidipine, a calcium channel blocker marketed for unique use in HTN-C, was found to be noninferior to the generic less expensive nicardipine. Oral nifedipine was found to be the most effective agent for sustained BP reduction in preeclampsia.

Summary
HTN-C remains an area with few prospective randomized trials, but there is active research on identifying lower goals for specific clinical scenarios. Ideal therapeutic agents should be tailored for specific end-organ damage.
Congenitally corrected transposition: not correct at all
Authors: DeWeert Katherine J. , Lancaster Timothy , Dorfman Adam L. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries is a rare congenital defect with several management options. Disagreement continues on strategies, such as anatomic repair, physiologic repair or observation-only. This review discusses recent data that provide further guidance for clinical decision-making.

Recent findings
New data provide greater insights into practice patterns and outcomes. Recent data from high-volume centers show progressively high rates of systemic right ventricle dysfunction over time with lower rates of systemic left ventricle dysfunction following anatomic repair; there is a statistical trend towards better survival of anatomic repair patients. Data comparing anatomic repair to observation showed that anatomic repair patients had a lower hazard of reaching a composite adverse outcome. These complex operations are predominantly performed at a small subset of congenital heart surgery centers.

Summary
Anatomic repair compared with physiologic repair may have better outcomes, although there are relatively high rates of morbidity for both approaches. In the patient without associated lesions, nonsurgical management can have excellent outcomes but is complicated by right ventricular failure over time. Multicenter research will help determine risk factors for bad outcomes; management at high volume, experienced centers will probably be beneficial for this complex patient population.
Albuminuria and cardiorenal risk
Authors: Georgianos Panagiotis I. , Dounousi Evangelia , Liakopoulos Vassilios 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
This article explores the prognostic association of albuminuria with the risk of adverse health outcomes and also provides an overview of novel guideline-directed therapies that confer cardiorenal protection in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with or without type 2 diabetes.

Recent findings
Although the identification of CKD is based on the simultaneous assessment of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria, recent studies have shown that the regular screening rate for an increased urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio is very low in daily clinical practice. Accordingly, a large proportion of high-risk patients with early-stage CKD remain unidentified, missing the opportunity to receive optimized treatment with novel agents that are effective in causing regression of albuminuria and in improving adverse cardiorenal outcomes.

Summary
The broader implementation of albuminuria assessment in daily clinical practice facilitates the identification of high-risk patients with early-stage CKD who are candidates for treatment with sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and the nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone. These novel drug categories have modified the role of albuminuria from a powerful cardiorenal risk predictor to a modifiable target of therapy.
Coal-fired electricity generation in Brazil under public regulation: security-of-supply assessment
Authors: Battesini Marcelo , Koppe Jair Carlos 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
This study aims to propose an approach to assess the security of supply (SS) in a coal-fired electricity generation supply chain subject to public price regulation in Brazil. This study characterizes the Brazilian scenario of coal-fired electricity generation, which represents less than 3.5% of the energy sources.

Design/methodology/approach
Data from six mining companies that supply a coal plant were analyzed in a case study. The risks were characterized and objectively estimated through a synthetic multidimensional index. Structural changes in the earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and exploration indicator time series of coal companies (CC) were statistically detected.

Findings
Empirical evidence demonstrates that the supply chain has a low disruption risk (SS index equal to 0.74). However, when suppliers are individually analyzed, 48.64% of all coal shows moderated disruption risk, and 2.51% is under high risk. In addition, this study finds a drop in the financial results of CC related to public regulation of coal prices. This impacts the security of coal supply.

Research limitations/implications
This study discusses the influence of legal and regulatory policy risks in a coal power generation supply chain and the implications of the SS index as a management tool.

Originality/value
A novel SS index is presented and empirically operationalized, and its dimensions – environmental, occupational, operational, economic-financial and supply capacity – are analyzed.
Tribological behavior of different doped ta-C coatings for slip-rolling contacts with high hertzian contact pressure
Authors: Polzer Markus , Bartz Marcel , Rothammer Benedict , Schulz Edgar , Wartzack Sandro 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
The curved and tribologically highly stressed surfaces of bearing components pose a major challenge for steel alloys or tribological resistant coatings like tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) coatings which in particular have an increased risk of delamination due to the significantly increased residual stresses. A possibility to prevent coating failure is the use of dopants while maintaining or even increasing tribological properties. This study aims to compare the tribological behavior of several doped diamond-like-carbon coatings with an undoped ta-C coating under varying slip conditions and Hertzian pressure up to 1800 MPa.

Design/methodology/approach
For this purpose, the tribological behavior was studied using of a ball-on-disc tribometer and a two-disc test rig under mixed/boundary conditions. The tests were conducted with coated specimens against uncoated 100Cr6 steel. Additionally, the influence of lubrication additives was studied due to the use of two fully formulated PAO-based oils, one without and one with molybdenum containing additives. The friction was measured in situ, and the wear was analyzed trough laser scanning microscopy and tactile measurement.

Findings
It was shown that the use of doped ta-C coatings exhibited a tendency for a more favorable tribological behavior compared to undoped ta-C coatings, with no general dependence on the lubricants used. The use of the most suitable coatings reduced the wear of the steel counter-body considerably.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first approach of testing the tribological behavior of these doped ta-C coatings, developed for friction efficiency, in dependency on lubrication additives under the given load collective. The approach is relevant to determine whether the friction reduction and the wear inhibition of these coatings are suitable for higher contact pressures and load cycles.

Peer review
The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-11-2022-0336/
Fractured academic space: digital literacy and the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lloyd Annemaree , Hicks Alison 
Published: April 2023

PurposeThe study focussed on information literacy practices, specifically on how higher education staff managed the transition from established and routinised in-person teaching, learning and working practices to institutionally mandated remote or hybrid working patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe qualitative study forms part of a broader research project, examining how information literacy and information practices unfolded during the COVID-19 pandemic. Phase Three of this project, which forms the subject of this paper, employed semi-structured interviews to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the workplace and, in particular, the role that technology and digital literacy plays in enabling or constraining information literacy practices necessary for the operationalisation of work.FindingsThe complexities of the COVID-19 pandemic precipitated a fracturing of workplace information environments and worker information landscapes by disrupting all aspects of academic life. The study recognises that whilst the practice of information literacy is predicated on access to modalities of information, this practice is also shaped by material conditions. This has implications for digital literacy which, in attempting to set itself apart from information literacy practice, has negated the significant role that the body and the corporeal modality play as important sources of information that enable transition to occur. In relation to information resilience, the bridging concept of fracture has enabled the authors to consider the informational impact of crisis and transition on people's information experiences and people's capacity to learn to go on when faced with precarity. The concept of grief is introduced into the analysis.Originality/valueThis study presents original research.