bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of PKN1 in glioma pathogenesis and the antiglioma effect of raloxifene targeting PKN1
Authors: Hao Yubing , Li Zelin , Zhang Anling , Sun Li , Wang Guangxiu , Wang Hu , Jia Zhifan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPKN1 (protein kinase N1), a serine/threonine protein kinase family member, is associated with various cancers. However, the role of PKN1 in gliomas has rarely been studied. We suggest that PKN1 expression in glioma specimens is considerably upregulated and positively correlates with the histopathological grading of gliomas. Knocking down PKN1 expression in glioblastoma (GBM) cells inhibits GBM cell proliferation, invasion and migration and promotes apoptosis. In addition, yes‐associated protein (YAP) expression, an essential effector of the Hippo pathway contributing to the oncogenic role of gliomagenesis, was also downregulated. In contrast, PKN1 upregulation enhances the malignant characteristics of GBM cells and simultaneously upregulates YAP expression. Therefore, PKN1 is a promising therapeutic target for gliomas. Raloxifene (Ralo), a commonly used selective oestrogen‐receptor modulator to treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, was predicted to target PKN1 according to the bioinformatics team from the School of Mathematics, Tianjin Nankai University. We showed that Ralo effectively targets PKN1, inhibits GBM cells proliferation and migration and sensitizes GBM cells to the major chemotherapeutic drug, Temozolomide. Ralo also reverses the effect of PKN1 on YAP activation. Thus, we confirm that PKN1 contributes to the pathogenesis of gliomas and may be a potential target for Ralo adjuvant glioma therapy.
MTHFD2 promotes PD‐L1 expression via activation of the JAK/STAT signalling pathway in bladder cancer
Authors: Li Linzhi , Zhang Yunlong , Hu Weimin , Zou Fan , Ning Jinzhuo , Rao Ting , Ruan Yuan , Yu Weimin , Cheng Fan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlthough combination chemotherapy is widely used for bladder cancer (BC) treatment, the recurrence and progression rates remain high. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets are required. Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) contributes to tumourigenesis and immune evasion in several cancers; however, its biological function in BC remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the expression, prognostic value and protumoural function of MTHFD2 in BC and elucidate the mechanism of programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) upregulation by MTHFD2. An analysis using publicly available databases revealed that a high MTHFD2 expression was correlated with clinical features and a poor prognosis in BC. Furthermore, MTHFD2 promoted the growth, migration, invasion and tumourigenicity and decreased the apoptosis of BC cells in vivo and in vitro. The results obtained from databases showed that MTHFD2 expression was correlated with immune infiltration levels, PD‐L1 expression, and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway. The expression of MTHFD2, PD‐L1 and JAK/STAT signalling pathway‐related proteins increased after interferon gamma treatment and decreased after MTHFD2 knockdown. Moreover, addition of a JAK/STAT pathway activator partially reduced the effect of MTHFD2 knockdown on BC cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that MTHFD2 promotes the expression of PD‐L1 through the JAK/STAT signalling pathway in BC.
Robust increase in glucagon secretion after oral protein intake, but not after glucose or lipid intake in Japanese people without diabetes
Authors: Ichikawa Raishi , Takano Koji , Fujimoto Kazumi , Kobayashi Masaki , Kitamura Tadahiro , Shichiri Masayoshi , Miyatsuka Takeshi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFew studies in Asian populations have analyzed how glucagon secretion is affected by ingested glucose, proteins or lipids, individually. To investigate the fluctuations of glucagon secretion after the intake of each of these nutrients, 10 healthy volunteers underwent oral loading tests using each of glucose, proteins and lipids, and blood levels of glucose, insulin and glucagon were measured every 30 min for 120 min. Whereas glucagon secretion was suppressed and minimally affected by oral glucose intake and lipid intake, respectively, oral protein intake robustly increased glucagon secretion, as well as insulin secretion. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism by which protein loading increases glucagon secretion.
Dolichocolon (redundant colon) in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Celdran‐Bonafonte Diego , O'Connell Kathryn A. , Gothard Katalin M. , Ghaderi Iman , Besselsen David , Doane Cynthia J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDolichocolon (redundant colon) is an underdiagnosed cause of severe constipation in humans. The clinical presentation reported here in a rhesus macaque closely resembles that of intestinal adenocarcinoma, the most common neoplasia in macaques. Dolichocolon should be considered in differential diagnosis of macaques with anorexia, weight loss, and constipation.
Interprofessional collaboration in telemedicine for long‐term care: An exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Tan Apphia Jia Qi , Chua Wei Ling , McKenna Lisa , Tan Laurence Lean Chin , Lim Yu Jun , Liaw Sok Ying 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundWidespread and sustained adoption of telemedicine in long‐term residential care is emerging. Nursing home (NH) nurses play a key role in collaborating with remote physicians to manage residents' medical conditions through videoconferencing. Therefore, understanding of interprofessional collaboration and effective communication between nurses and physicians is critical to ensure quality of care and safety during teleconsultations.AimsTo explore NH nurses' and physicians' experiences of interprofessional collaboration and communication during teleconsultations.MethodsA qualitative descriptive design was adopted. Purposive sampling was conducted to recruit 22 physicians and nurses involved in NH teleconsultations. Semi‐structured online interviews were conducted, and data were thematically analyzed.ResultsThree themes were identified: (1) Manner of communication in telemedicine, (2) sociocultural influences in collaborative practice, and (3) role expectations in telemedicine. Both nurses and physicians recognized the importance of building and maintaining trust as physicians heavily depended on nurses for provision of objective information for clinical decision‐making. However, practice differences were observed between nurses and physicians during teleconsultations. Sociocultural influences such as power relations and language barriers also affected the nurse–physician relationship and interpersonal communication. Additionally, different performance expectations were identified between nurses and physicians.ConclusionInterprofessional collaboration in teleconsultations is challenging because of lack of in‐person assessment and dependence on nurses for clinical information. In addition, expectations and communication styles differ among healthcare professionals. This study called for interprofessional telemedicine training with incorporation of shared mental models to improve role clarity and communication. Given the international‐dominated healthcare workforce in long‐term care, the development of cultural competency could also be considered in telemedicine training to enhance nurse–physician collaborative practice.Clinical RelevanceTelemedicine is increasingly adopted in long‐term care settings, where multidisciplinary healthcare professionals from different health institutions are involved in resident care. Interprofessional collaboration should be incorporated into telehealth education for enhanced clinical practice in this care delivery model.
Characterization of causal agents of bacterial canker on apricot plantations and risk mapping using GIS in Aras Basin (Türkiye)
Authors: Akbaba Mustafa , Hürkan Kaan , Özcan Orkan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBacterial canker of stone fruits caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum (Psm race‐1/Psm race‐2) may lead to significant yield and crop losses in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivation areas in Türkiye. Strains pathogenic to apricot were isolated from trees with symptoms (mainly necrotized buds and dieback) of bacterial canker in orchards in Aras Basin. Pathogens were characterized using pathogenicity tests, phenotypic assays, end‐point PCR and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA). Fifteen Pseudomonas syringae strains were isolated from 205 plant samples collected from apricot orchards showing symptoms of bacterial canker. As a consequence of the diagnostic tests, all isolates were identified as P. syringae pv. syringae. In this study, Pss, Psm R1 and Psm R2 strains in stone fruits were separated into different phylogroups (Pg‐2, Pg‐3, sPg‐1b) based on MLSA. Turkish strains obtained from stone fruits, particularly apricot, showed genetic heterogeneity, and clustered in different sub‐phylogroups (sPg‐2b, sPg‐2c, sPg‐2d). All these strains except strain K258 are also clustered in the same sub‐phylogroups (sPg‐2b and sPg‐2d) with other strains from different countries especially Iran, Lebanon, etc. Strain K258 isolated from apricot was clustered in sPg‐2c with Pss strain 642 (USA). The risk of bacterial canker disease in apricot growing areas is considered using GIS in this study. It was determined that a significant part of the Iğdır Plain, the biggest agricultural area in the Aras Basin, is at very high risk.
Proposer and responder conceding in impunity bargaining
Authors: Di Cagno Daniela , Güth Werner , Panaccione Luca , Scarafile Maria Cristina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn impunity bargaining with concession, opportunistic proposers would not offer anything nor concede. Opportunistic responders should not accept first offers since second offers could be more generous, for example, due to random trembles. On the contrary, our experimental data, elicited via the strategy vector method, show that participants moderate initial claims and concede, albeit by small amounts. The considerable heterogeneity in behavior suggests that disagreement is unpleasant: participants avoid it by yielding (demanding firstly less than what can be shared) and conceding (lowering first demand). Overall agreement dominates interpersonally (one plays against another) and intrapersonally (as if one plays against oneself).
Staged pallidothalamic tractotomy and pallidotomy for chorea‐acanthocytosis
Authors: Saito Ryo , Horisawa Shiro , Nonaka Taku , Kim Kilsoo , Kawamata Takakazu , Taira Takaomi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChorea‐acanthocytosis (ChAc) is a progressive degenerative disease, which manifests movement disorders including chorea and dystonia. Deep brain stimulation has been reported to successfully improve chorea and dystonia in ChAc. However, there are no reports of lesioning surgery for ChAc. The patient was a 47‐year‐old female with a mutation in VPS13A, which led to the diagnosis of ChAc, presenting with chorea in bilateral hands. The Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale‐Motor Score (UHDRS‐MS) was 51. The patient underwent staged bilateral pallidothalamic tractotomy and pallidotomy, which resulted in 60.8% improvement of UHDRS‐MS (20 at 3‐month postoperative evaluation). There was no perioperative complication. No chorea recurrence was observed during the 2‐year postoperative follow‐up period.
Plasticity of colonic enteric nervous system following spinal cord injury in male and female rats
Authors: Werner Claire M. , Willing Lisa B. , Goudsward Hannah J. , McBride Amanda R. , Stella Salvatore L. , Holmes Gregory M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeurogenic bowel is a dysmotility disorder following spinal cord injury (SCI) that negatively impacts quality of life, social integration, and physical health. Colonic transit is directly modulated by the enteric nervous system. Interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC) distributed throughout the small intestine and colon serve as specialized pacemaker cells, generating rhythmic electrical slow waves within intestinal smooth muscle, or serve as an interface between smooth muscle cells and enteric motor neurons of the myenteric plexus. Interstitial Cells of Cajal loss has been reported for other preclinical models of dysmotility, and our previous experimental SCI study provided evidence of reduced excitatory and inhibitory enteric neuronal count and smooth muscle neural control.MethodsImmunohistochemistry for the ICC‐specific marker c‐Kit was utilized to examine neuromuscular remodeling of the distal colon in male and female rats with experimental SCI.Key ResultsMyenteric plexus ICC (ICC‐MP) exhibited increased cell counts 3 days following SCI in male rats, but did not significantly increase in females until 3 weeks after SCI. On average, ICC‐MP total primary arborization length increased significantly in male rats at 3‐day, 3‐week, and 6‐week time points, whereas in females, this increase occurred most frequently at 6 weeks post‐SCI. Conversely, circular muscle ICC (ICC‐CM) did not demonstrate post‐SCI changes.Conclusions and InferencesThese data demonstrate resiliency of the ICC‐MP in neurogenic bowel following SCI, unlike seen in other related disease states. This plasticity underscores the need to further understand neuromuscular changes driving colonic dysmotility after SCI in order to advance therapeutic targets for neurogenic bowel treatment.
The consequences of limited training in disorders of gut‐brain interaction: Results from a national survey of gastroenterology trainees in the United Kingdom
Authors: Sasegbon Ayodele , Luo Yuying , Keefer Laurie A. , Vasant Dipesh H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite their high prevalence and burden, disorders of gut‐brain interaction (DGBI) are undertaught and underrepresented in medical curricula. We evaluated the exposure of UK gastroenterology trainees to DGBI and their comfort managing these conditions.MethodsAn electronic survey was distributed to trainees via UK training program directors. The survey included questions on stage of training; subspecialty interest; access to DGBI training opportunities, and comfort levels with DGBI diagnosis and management. Responses were compared between junior and senior trainees, by subspecialty interest (luminal and non‐luminal), by geographical region, and training program size.Key ResultsOne hundred twelve trainees from across the UK participated (21.4% of national training post holders). Exposure to DGBI lectures (32.8% junior vs. 73.3% senior trainees, p = 0.00003) and clinics (9.0% junior vs. 42.2% senior trainees, p = 0.00003), increased with seniority. Regardless of seniority, most trainees were rarely comfortable making a DGBI diagnosis (39.5% senior vs. 33.9% junior trainees, p = 0.69), and were not comfortable initiating neuromodulators (50% senior vs. 25.8% junior trainees, p = 0.08). Trainees without a luminal subspecialty interest (50%) accessed fewer DGBI clinics (p = 0.04), had less communication skills training (p = 0.04) and were less likely to have been observed during DGBI consultations (p = 0.002). Responses were similar across UK regions and did not differ between smaller and larger programs.Conclusions & InferencesDGBI training opportunities are limited in UK gastroenterology training across training grades. Most trainees lack confidence with DGBI diagnosis and management. Urgent interventions need to be targeted at all stages of training to ensure DGBI competencies for future gastroenterologists and improve patient outcomes.
Exploring the identity of individual plant cells in space and time
Authors: Oliva Marina , Lister Ryan 
Published: July 2023

SummaryIn recent years, single‐cell genomics, coupled to imaging techniques, have become the state‐of‐the‐art approach for characterising biological systems. In plant sciences, a variety of tissues and species have been profiled, providing an enormous quantity of data on cell identity at an unprecedented resolution, but what biological insights can be gained from such data sets? Using recently published studies in plant sciences, we will highlight how single‐cell technologies have enabled a better comprehension of tissue organisation, cell fate dynamics in development or in response to various stimuli, as well as identifying key transcriptional regulators of cell identity. We discuss the limitations and technical hurdles to overcome, as well as future directions, and the promising use of single‐cell omics to understand, predict, and manipulate plant development and physiology.
Caregiving in academia: Examining educator well‐being and burnout during prolonged stressors
Authors: Bishop Rachael E. , High Andrew C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the face of prolonged stress, care professionals, including educators, often experience higher rates of burnout and worsened mental well‐being. As school systems across the United States reconsidered their instructional practices in an effort to curtail the spread of COVID‐19, educators have had to navigate a new academic landscape hallmarked by change, stress, burnout, and hopefully resilience. Guided by the theory of resilience and relational load (TRRL), this national study of educators (N = 449; Mage = 41.33 [14.49], 57.2% Female) illuminates the ways in which connectedness with colleagues, support gaps, and stress appraisals shape coping during the pandemic. Specifically, educators who reported higher levels of connection with their colleagues tended to experience enhanced mental well‐being and reduced levels of burnout because they perceived lower levels of stress and greater surpluses in support. Findings deepen our understanding of risk and protective factors contributing to burnout and well‐being within academia, underscore the value of relationships with colleagues, and refine the predictions of the TRRL.
Effectiveness of a web‐based learning program for promoting local healthcare planning competencies
Authors: Yoshioka‐Maeda Kyoko , Katayama Takafumi , Fujii Hitoshi , Shiomi Misa , Hosoya Noriko , Mayama Tatsushi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of a web‐based educational program regarding local healthcare planning by public health nurses (PHNs) in Japan.DesignA single‐blind randomized controlled trial.SampleFull‐time PHNs working for local governments across Japan.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was nurses’ self‐perception of competencies in public health policy. The secondary outcome was self‐perception of knowledge, skills, and perspectives regarding local healthcare planning. We analyzed intergroup differences using the intention‐to‐treat principle and the Mann–Whitney U‐test.InterventionThe intervention group received six web‐based learning modules including substantial knowledge and skills regarding local healthcare planning based on the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation model and adult learning theory.ResultsTotally, 273 PHNs registered, and 38 were excluded without completing the baseline survey; 235 were randomly allocated to either the intervention (n = 118) or control (n = 117) groups. Sixty‐four participants in the intervention group completed the program. Over 70% of the participants lacked opportunities to learn about local healthcare planning. The intervention group showed significant improvement in self‐perception of competencies, knowledge, and skills regarding local healthcare planning, except for items related to evaluation.ConclusionsThe web‐based learning program effectively improved participants’ self‐perception of competencies in local healthcare planning.
Analysis of factors related to cognitive impairment in a community‐based, complete enumeration survey in Japan: the Nakayama study
Authors: Yoshida Taku , Mori Takaaki , Shimizu Hideaki , Tachibana Ayumi , Yoshino Yuta , Ochi Shinichiro , Yamazaki Kiyohiro , Ozaki Yuki , Kawabe Kentaro , Horiuchi Fumie , Komori Kenjiro , Iga Jun‐ichi , Ueno Shu‐ichi 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThe number of patients with cognitive disorders is rapidly increasing in the world, becoming not only a medical problem, but also a social problem. There have been many reports that various factors are associated with cognitive dysfunction, but the factors have not yet been fully identified. This was a community‐based complete enumeration study which aimed to identify risk and protective factors for dementia.MethodsThe first phase included all residents aged 65 years or older in a town in Japan. They completed many examinations, such as living conditions questionnaires, physical examination, Mini‐Mental State Examination, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. The participants with suspected cognitive impairment underwent additional examinations for detailed evaluation in the second phase. Statistical analysis was performed to identify risk and protective factors for dementia after all participants were diagnosed.ResultsThere were 927 participants in the baseline evaluation; 611 (65.9%) were healthy, 165 (17.8%) had mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 151 (16.3%) had dementia. The age‐standardised prevalence of dementia was 9.5%. Statistical analyses for amnestic MCI and Alzheimer's disease showed that risk factors for cognitive decline were diabetes mellitus, low activities of daily living, and living alone, and that protective factors were history of exercise and drinking habit.ConclusionThe present findings suggest that several lifestyle‐related diseases and factors are associated with cognitive decline. These results support similar findings from previous studies and will be helpful for preventing dementia in the future.
More than Measurement Error: Discrepant Reporting of Contraceptive Use and the Role of Wives’ and Husbands’ Educational Attainment
Authors: Jennings Elyse A. , Pierotti Rachael S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper describes discrepancies in spouses’ reports of the use of female‐controlled, nonvisible contraceptive methods using data from rural Nepal that were collected monthly from both spouses of 822 couples between 2008 and 2016. We find that spouses in about half of couples provided discrepant reports during the period of observation, and these discrepancies occurred in 14 percent of the months of observation. We then investigate these discrepant reports as possible indicators of incomplete transparency regarding reproductive choices and examine whether they are associated with wives’ education and spouses’ relative education levels. We find, first, that wife's educational attainment was negatively associated with discrepant reports of contraceptive use, independent of spouses’ relative educational attainment. At the same time, these models suggest that educational differences between husbands and wives were associated with discrepant reports. Couples in which wives had more education than their husbands faced greater odds of discrepant reports of contraceptive use, relative to couples in which spouses had similar education. Among couples in which husbands had more education than wives odds of wife‐only reporting were lower, relative to couples with similar levels of education. These findings offer important new insights into spousal dynamics that may influence transparency regarding contraceptive use.