bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracture in elongational flow of two low-density polyethylene melts
Authors: Poh Leslie , Wu Qi , Pan Zhengbin , Wagner Manfred H. , Narimissa Esmaeil 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSamples of two commercial low-density polyethylene melts were investigated with respect to their fracture behavior in controlled uniaxial extensional flow at constant strain rate in a filament stretching rheometer. In order to assess the possible influence of grain boundaries on fracture, the samples were prepared by three different types of pre-treatment: by compression molding of (1) virgin pellets used as received, (2) pellets homogenized in a twin-screw extruder, and (3) pellets that were milled into powder by cryogenic grinding under liquid nitrogen. The elongational stress growth data were analyzed by the Extended Hierarchical Multi-mode Molecular Stress Function (EHMMSF) model developed by Wagner et al. (Rheol. Acta 61, 281-298 (2022)) for long-chain branched (LCB) polymer melts. The EHMMSF model quantifies the elongational stress growth including the maximum in the elongational viscosity of LDPE melts based solely on the linear-viscoelastic relaxation spectrum and two nonlinear material parameters, the dilution modulus GD and a characteristic stretch parameter $${\overline{\lambda}}_m$$

λ
¯

m

. Within experimental accuracy, model predictions are in excellent agreement with the elongational stress growth data of the two LDPE melts, independent of the preparation method used. At sufficiently high strain rates, the fracture of the polymer filaments was observed and is in general accordance with the entropic fracture criterion implemented in the EHMMSF model. High-speed videography reveals that fracture is preceded by parabolic crack opening, which is characteristic for elastic fracture and which has been observed earlier in filament stretching of monodisperse polystyrene solutions. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate the appearance of a parabolic crack opening in the fracture process of polydisperse long-chain branched polyethylene melts.
Lessons learned from regional training of paediatric nephrology fellows in Africa
Authors: McCulloch Mignon I. , Argent Andrew C. , Morrow Brenda , Nourse Peter , Coetzee Ashton , Du Buisson Christel , Reddy Deveshni , Buckley Jonathan , Sinclair Paul J. , Gajjar Priya , Semanska Lucie , Eddy Allison , Feehally John , Cano Francisco , Warady Bradley A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Access to care for children with kidney disease is limited in less well-resourced regions of the world and paediatric nephrology (PN) workforce development with good practical skills is critical.

Methods
Retrospective review of a PN training program and trainee feedback from 1999 to 2021, based at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital (RCWMCH), University of Cape Town.

Results
A regionally appropriate 1–2-year training program enrolled 38 fellows with an initial 100% return rate to their country of origin. Program funding included fellowships from the International Pediatric Nephrology Association (IPNA), International Society of Nephrology (ISN), International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD), and the African Paediatric Fellowship Program (APFP). Fellows were trained on both in- and out-patient management of infants and children with kidney disorders. “Hands-on skills” training included examination, diagnosis and management skills, practical insertion of peritoneal dialysis catheters for management of acute kidney injury and kidney biopsies. Of 16 trainees who completed > 1 year of training, 14 (88%) successfully completed subspecialty exams and 9 (56%) completed a master’s degree with a research component. PN fellows reported that their training was appropriate and enabled them to make a difference in their respective communities.

Conclusions
This training program has successfully equipped African physicians with the requisite knowledge and skills to provide PN services in resource-constrained areas for children with kidney disease. The provision of funding from multiple organizations committed to paediatric kidney disease has contributed to the success of the program, along with the fellows’ commitment to build PN healthcare capacity in Africa.

Graphical abstract
Application of Autochthonous Biofilm-Forming Enterococcus hirae Kr8 Strain in Relation with Enterocin M in Broiler Rabbits and Their Effect on the Rabbit Meat Quality: Risk or Protection?
Authors: Pogány Simonová Monika , Chrastinová Ľubica , Bino Eva , Kandričáková Anna , Formelová Zuzana , Lauková Andrea 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAround weaning, rabbits are sensitive to gastrointestinal diseases, mostly of bacterial origin, including enterococci (Enterococcus hirae), clostridia, and coliforms. Preventive use of postbiotics—enterocins—as feed additives can reduce this problem. Therefore, simulation of spoilage/pathogenic environment applying the autochthonous, biofilm-forming E. hirae Kr8+ strain in rabbits and its influence on rabbit meat quality as well as the protective effect of Ent M on rabbit meat properties and quality in infected animals was tested. Ninety-six rabbits aged 35 days, both sexes, meat line M91 breed were divided into one control (CG) and three experimental (EG1, EG2, and EG3) groups. The rabbits in CG received standard diet, without any additives, rabbits in EG1 received 108 CFU/mL of Kr8+ strain (at a dose of 500 μL/animal/day), to rabbits in EG2 the Ent M (50 μL/animal/day), and in EG3, combination of the Kr8+ and Ent M was applied in their drinking water during 21 days. The experiment lasted 42 days. The Kr8+ strain did not attack the gastrointestinal tract and have any adverse effect on the meat quality of rabbits. Moreover, improved weight gains, carcass parameters, and higher essential fatty acid (EAA) and amino acid (EAA) content of rabbit meat point rather to its possible beneficial potential in rabbit nutrition. Administration of Ent M improved most of the tested parameters: animal weight and meat physicochemical and nutritional properties, with a focus on EFA and EAA. During combination of both additives, their synergistic impact was noted, improving the nutritional quality, mostly the EAA content of rabbit meat.
Characterization of the Ayran Made with Commercial Probiotic Cultures for Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Folic Acid Levels, and Anti-Oxidative Potential
Authors: Shalabi Ola M. A. K. , Hassan Amina M. , Ismail Magdy M. , El-Menawy Reham K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAyran is a salted drinkable fermented milk food which consumed in many countries around the world. In this study, some chemical parameters were determined to evaluate the healthy properties of ayran prepared using various commercial probiotic cultures. Four treatments of ayran were made from cow’s milk and using classic yogurt culture (L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus) [T1], ABT-5 culture (L. acidophilus, Bifidobacterium and S. thermophilus) [T2], exopolysaccharide producing culture (EPS-producing, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus) [T3], and EPS-producing culture + Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB12 (mixture culture) [T4]. Treatment 1 had the highest acidity, acetaldehyde, and diacetyl values. Using probiotic [T2] or mixture cultures [T4] reduced saturated fatty acids by 1.97% and increased monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids of ayran by 4.94 and 5.72%, respectively. Also, the levels of oleic acid (omega-9), linoleic acid (omega-6), and α-linolenic acid (omega-3) increased in ayran produced using probiotic or mixture cultures. Sample T4 was highly richer in the value of antioxidant activity (27.62%) and folic acid (0.1566 mg/100 g) whereas possessed the lowest cholesterol amount (8.983 mg/100 g). Mixture culture (EPS-producing culture + Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB12) is a good starter to improve the healthy and nutritional characteristics of bio-ayran.
Pathological Changes of Small Vessel Disease in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Mangmang , Zhu Yuyi , Song Xindi , Zhong Xuelian , Yu Xinxin , Wang Deren , Cheng Yajun , Tao Wendan , Wu Bo , Liu Ming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with pathology-proven etiology, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to elucidate the association between cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and arteriolosclerosis, and directly compared MRI and pathological changes of markers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Studies enrolling primary ICH who had received an etiological diagnosis through biopsy or autopsy were searched using Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science from inception to June 8, 2022. We extracted pathological changes of CSVD for each patient whenever available. Patients were grouped into CAA + arteriolosclerosis, strict CAA, and strict arteriolosclerosis subgroups. Of 4155 studies identified, 28 studies with 456 ICH patients were included. The frequency of lobar ICH (p<0.001) and total microbleed number (p=0.015) differed among patients with CAA + arteriolosclerosis, strict CAA, and strict arteriolosclerosis. Concerning pathology, severe CAA was associated with arteriolosclerosis (OR 6.067, 95% CI 1.107–33.238, p=0.038), although this association was not statistically significant after adjusting for age and sex. Additionally, the total microbleed number (median 15 vs. 0, p=0.006) was higher in ICH patients with CAA evidence than those without CAA. The pathology of CSVD imaging markers was mostly investigated in CAA-ICH. There was inconsistency concerning CAA severity surrounding microbleeds. Small diffusion-weighted imaging lesions could be matched to acute microinfarct histopathologically. Studies that directly correlated MRI and pathology of lacunes, enlarged perivascular spaces, and atrophy were scarce. Arteriolosclerosis might be associated with severe CAA. The pathological changes of CSVD markers by ICH etiology are needed to be investigated further.
Jejunal stenosis as a sequela after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity: a case series
Authors: Hamed Hosam , Ali Mahmoud Abdelwahab , El-Magd El-Sayed Abou 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPorto-mesenteric venous thrombosis (PMVT) is a rare complication that is encountered in less than 1% of patients following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). This condition could be conservatively managed in stable patients with no evidence of peritonitis or bowel wall ischemia. Nonetheless, conservative management may be followed by ischemic small bowel stricture, which is poorly reported in the literature. Herein, we present our experience regarding three patients who presented with manifestations of jejunal stricture after initial successful conservative management of PMVT. Retrospective analysis of patients who developed jejunal stenosis as a sequela after LSG. The three included patients had undergone LSG with an uneventful post-operative course. All of them developed PMVT that was conservatively managed mainly by anticoagulation. After they were discharged, all of them returned with manifestations of upper bowel obstruction. Upper gastrointestinal series and abdominal computed tomography confirmed the diagnosis of jejunal stricture. The three patients were explored via laparoscopy, and resection anastomosis of the stenosed segment was performed.
Bariatric surgeons should be aware of the association between PMVT, following LSG, and ischemic bowel strictures. That should help in the rapid diagnosis of the rare and difficult entity.
Carleman estimates for sub-Laplacians on Carnot groups
Authors: Arya Vedansh , Kumar Dharmendra 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this note, we establish a new Carleman estimate with singular weights for the sub-Laplacian on a Carnot group $$\mathbb G$$
G
for functions satisfying the discrepancy assumption in (2.16) below. We use such an estimate to derive a sharp vanishing order estimate for solutions to stationary Schrödinger equations.
The Group Right to Mutual Privacy
Authors: Puri Anuj 
Published: June 2023

AbstractContemporary privacy challenges go beyond individual interests and result in collective harms. To address these challenges, this article argues for a collective interest in Mutual Privacy which is based on our shared genetic, social, and democratic interests as well as our common vulnerabilities against algorithmic grouping. On the basis of the shared interests and participatory action required for its cumulative protection, Mutual Privacy is then classified as an aggregate shared participatory public good which is protected through the group right to Mutual Privacy.
Overlapping responses to multiple abiotic stresses in citrus: from mechanism understanding to genetic improvement
Authors: Dahro Bachar , Li Chunlong , Liu Ji-Hong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCitrus plants routinely experience a broad range of biotic and abiotic stress that occur either concurrently or sequentially in the field, causing huge losses in yield. Hence, cultivated citrus plants that tolerate only one type of abiotic stress are insufficient to maintain citrus productivity as the climate changes. Plants primarily develop delicate regulatory mechanisms to detect, transduce and respond to adverse environmental conditions. Therefore, elucidating the physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying the dynamic response to multiple abiotic stresses is a prerequisite for determining the targets for genetic improvement programs of citrus. In this review, we pinpoint the current understanding of the physiological basis of citrus tolerance to abiotic stress. Then, we discuss recent insights into the integrated molecular mechanisms that are involved in the citrus response to multiple types of abiotic stress. Finally, we discuss recent prospects for using modern molecular technologies to facilitate the genetic improvement of citrus.
Exact recovery of Granger causality graphs with unconditional pairwise tests
Authors: Kinnear R. J. , Mazumdar R. R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe study Granger Causality in the context of wide-sense stationary time series. The focus of the analysis is to understand how the underlying topological structure of the causality graph affects graph recovery by means of the pairwise testing heuristic. Our main theoretical result establishes a sufficient condition (in particular, the graph must satisfy a polytree assumption we refer to asstrong causality) under which the graph can be recovered by means of unconditional andbinarypairwise causality testing. Examples from the gene regulatory network literature are provided which establish that graphs which are strongly causal, or very nearly so, can be expected to arise in practice. We implement finite sample heuristics derived from our theory, and use simulation to compare our pairwise testing heuristic against LASSO-based methods. These simulations show that, for graphs which are strongly causal (or small perturbations thereof) the pairwise testing heuristic is able to more accurately recover the underlying graph. We show that the algorithm is scalable to graphs with thousands of nodes, and that, as long as structural assumptions are met, exhibits similar high-dimensional scaling properties as the LASSO. That is, performance degrades slowly while the system size increases and the number of available samples is held fixed. Finally, a proof-of-concept application example shows, by attempting to classify alcoholic individuals using only Granger causality graphs inferred from EEG measurements, that the inferred Granger causality graph topology carries identifiable features.
Nutritional compositions of Katuk leaves and their supplementation to hays of different quality: an in vitro study
Authors: Nurdianti R.R. , Nuryana R. S. , Handoko A. , Hernaman I. , Ramdani D. , Jayanegara A. , Dickhoefer U. , Böttger C. , Südekum K.-H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractKatuk leaves (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.; KL) are widely consumed by breast-feeding Indonesian mothers as it has been reported to increase breast milk production. It is hypothesized that supplementing KL in diets might increase crude protein (CP) concentration and fibre digestibility in the diet. The KL had high CP and non-fibre carbohydrate concentrations (333 and 332 g/kg dry matter; DM, respectively), but low neutral detergent fibre assayed with heat, a stable amylase and expressed exclusive of residual ash (aNDFom; 200 g/kg DM). Fibre digestibility linearly increased with increasing of KL supplementation in low-quality hay (LQH) diets. The KL did not contain a considerable amount of tannins. In LQH diets, gas production after 24 h incubation (GP24) linearly increased with increasing of KL supplementation (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, GP24 linearly decreased with increasing of KL supplementation in medium- and high-quality hays (MQH and HQH; P < 0.001). Metabolizable energy tended to linearly increase in LQH diets, but tended to linearly decrease with increasing of KL supplementation in MQH and HQH diets (P = 0.078). Therefore, this study suggested that KL can be a potential supplement in the ruminant diet due to its abundant dietary proteins but low fibre concentration in its leaves. However, further studies (e.g. in vitro or in vivo) investigating other rumen parameters after incubation should be performed to validate how KL can be supplemented in the diet of ruminant livestock.
Half-Heusler alloys as emerging high power density thermoelectric cooling materials
Authors: Zhu Hangtian , Li Wenjie , Nozariasbmarz Amin , Liu Na , Zhang Yu , Priya Shashank , Poudel Bed 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo achieve optimal thermoelectric performance, it is crucial to manipulate the scattering processes within materials to decouple the transport of phonons and electrons. In half-Heusler (hH) compounds, selective defect reduction can significantly improve performance due to the weak electron-acoustic phonon interaction. This study utilized Sb-pressure controlled annealing process to modulate the microstructure and point defects of Nb0.55Ta0.40Ti0.05FeSb compound, resulting in a 100% increase in carrier mobility and a maximum power factor of 78 µW cm−1 K−2, approaching the theoretical prediction for NbFeSb single crystal. This approach yielded the highest average zT of ~0.86 among hH in the temperature range of 300-873 K. The use of this material led to a 210% enhancement in cooling power density compared to Bi2Te3-based devices and a conversion efficiency of 12%. These results demonstrate a promising strategy for optimizing hH materials for near-room-temperature thermoelectric applications.
Drug screening at single-organoid resolution via bioprinting and interferometry
Authors: Tebon Peyton J. , Wang Bowen , Markowitz Alexander L. , Davarifar Ardalan , Tsai Brandon L. , Krawczuk Patrycja , Gonzalez Alfredo E. , Sartini Sara , Murray Graeme F. , Nguyen Huyen Thi Lam , Tavanaie Nasrin , Nguyen Thang L. , Boutros Paul C. , Teitell Michael A. , Soragni Alice 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHigh throughput drug screening is an established approach to investigate tumor biology and identify therapeutic leads. Traditional platforms use two-dimensional cultures which do not accurately reflect the biology of human tumors. More clinically relevant model systems such as three-dimensional tumor organoids can be difficult to scale and screen. Manually seeded organoids coupled to destructive endpoint assays allow for the characterization of treatment response, but do not capture transitory changes and intra-sample heterogeneity underlying clinically observed resistance to therapy. We present a pipeline to generate bioprinted tumor organoids linked to label-free, time-resolved imaging via high-speed live cell interferometry (HSLCI) and machine learning-based quantitation of individual organoids. Bioprinting cells gives rise to 3D structures with unaltered tumor histology and gene expression profiles. HSLCI imaging in tandem with machine learning-based segmentation and classification tools enables accurate, label-free parallel mass measurements for thousands of organoids. We demonstrate that this strategy identifies organoids transiently or persistently sensitive or resistant to specific therapies, information that could be used to guide rapid therapy selection.
Structural insights into ligand recognition and activation of the medium-chain fatty acid-sensing receptor GPR84
Authors: Liu Heng , Zhang Qing , He Xinheng , Jiang Mengting , Wang Siwei , Yan Xiaoci , Cheng Xi , Liu Yang , Nan Fa-Jun , Xu H. Eric , Xie Xin , Yin Wanchao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGPR84 is an orphan class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is predominantly expressed in immune cells and plays important roles in inflammation, fibrosis, and metabolism. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of Gαi protein-coupled human GPR84 bound to a synthetic lipid-mimetic ligand, LY237, or a putative endogenous ligand, a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) 3-hydroxy lauric acid (3-OH-C12). Analysis of these two ligand-bound structures reveals a unique hydrophobic nonane tail -contacting patch, which forms a blocking wall to select MCFA-like agonists with the correct length. We also identify the structural features in GPR84 that coordinate the polar ends of LY237 and 3-OH-C12, including the interactions with the positively charged side chain of R172 and the downward movement of the extracellular loop 2 (ECL2). Together with molecular dynamics simulations and functional data, our structures reveal that ECL2 not only contributes to direct ligand binding, but also plays a pivotal role in ligand entry from the extracellular milieu. These insights into the structure and function of GPR84 could improve our understanding of ligand recognition, receptor activation, and Gαi-coupling of GPR84. Our structures could also facilitate rational drug discovery against inflammation and metabolic disorders targeting GPR84.
Growth hormone releasing hormone signaling promotes Th17 cell differentiation and autoimmune inflammation
Authors: Du Lin , Ho Bo Man , Zhou Linbin , Yip Yolanda Wong Ying , He Jing Na , Wei Yingying , Tham Clement C. , Chan Sun On , Schally Andrew V. , Pang Chi Pui , Li Jian , Chu Wai Kit 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDysregulation of Th17 cell differentiation and pathogenicity contributes to multiple autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Previously growth hormone releasing hormone receptor (GHRH-R) deficient mice have been reported to be less susceptible to the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Here, we show GHRH-R is an important regulator of Th17 cell differentiation in Th17 cell-mediated ocular and neural inflammation. We find that GHRH-R is not expressed in naïve CD4+ T cells, while its expression is induced throughout Th17 cell differentiation in vitro. Mechanistically, GHRH-R activates the JAK-STAT3 pathway, increases the phosphorylation of STAT3, enhances both non-pathogenic and pathogenic Th17 cell differentiation and promotes the gene expression signatures of pathogenic Th17 cells. Enhancing this signaling by GHRH agonist promotes, while inhibiting this signaling by GHRH antagonist or GHRH-R deficiency reduces, Th17 cell differentiation in vitro and Th17 cell-mediated ocular and neural inflammation in vivo. Thus, GHRH-R signaling functions as a critical factor that regulates Th17 cell differentiation and Th17 cell-mediated autoimmune ocular and neural inflammation.