bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subclinical hypothyroidism in adults: Consensus statement of Indian thyroid society
Authors: Rajput Rajesh , Bajaj Sarita , Kalra Pramila , Menon Arun S , Pillai Mini G , Ghosh Sujoy , Joshi Shashank , Seshadri Krishna , Kumar Prasanna , Jayakumar R V , Ganie Mohd Ashraf , Puttiyaveettil Jabbar , Gupta Sushil , Rao Himagirish K 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is the most prevalent thyroid disorder in the Indian population. Since the last publication of the 2015 Indian Thyroid Society guideline on SCH, many significant clinical and scientific advances have occurred in the field. The aim of this guideline is to inform clinicians, researchers, and health policymakers about published evidence related to the diagnosis and management of SCH in adults. The specific clinical questions addressed in this consensus are based on the inputs from the task force of experts in the field of endocrinology and thyroid disease. The consensus statements are derived based on the latest published articles and evidence in SCH. A well-defined grading system has been followed for the critical appraisal of evidence and grading strength of recommendations. The guideline includes recommendations on the prevalence, causes, consequences, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of SCH. Other aspects detailed are the role of levothyroxine, its impact on the timing of treatment, and its benefits on various SCH consequences and populations. Therefore, these evidence-based recommendations are developed to inform clinical decision-making in the management of SCH in adults. While in some cases individualization of treatment is a necessity, these recommendations can provide standards of optimal care for patients with SCH.
RESISTENCIA DE BACTERIAS AISLADAS Y CARACTERIZADAS, PROVENIENTES DE LAS TOMAS DE AGUA DE PLANTAS POTABILIZADORAS DE AZUERO
Authors: Chávez Rosio , De La Cruz Lombardo Alexis 
Published: July 2023

Los vertidos de aguas residuales han traído como consecuencias bacterias resistentes a los antibióticos que llegan a los ríos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la resistencia de bacterias aisladas provenientes de las diferentes tomas de agua de las plantas potabilizadoras de Azuero. Se aislaron bacterias por medio de la técnica de filtro de membrana y se realizaron pruebas bioquímicas. Se utilizó el método de Kirby Bauer por difusión en discos. De acuerdo con la caracterización y aislamiento de bacterias y su frecuencia existe una gran ocurrencia de géneros bacterianos entre las diferentes tomas de las plantas, los antibióticos con mayor resistencia fueron Ceftriaxona y Ticarcilina para todas las bacterias aisladas. Encontrándose un valor-p, menor que el nivel de significación p ? 0.05, el estadístico de prueba H es igual a 64.313 (gl=6) encontrándose diferencias significativas entre los parámetros físicos y los coliformes evaluados de las diferentes tomas de agua. Se concluye que no hay relación entre las bacterias y los antibióticos.
A Highly Efficient pH‐Universal HOR Catalyst with Engineered Electronic Structures of Single Pt Sites by Isolated Co Atoms
Authors: Huang Zeyi , Lu Ruihu , Zhang Yuezhou , Chen Wen , Chen Guanzhen , Ma Chao , Wang Ziyun , Han Yunhu , Huang Wei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDeveloping a high‐efficiency, stable, and CO‐toxicant‐resistant low‐cost hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) electrocatalyst is challenging but is vital for practical proton/anion exchange membrane fuel cells. Herein, an efficient pH‐universal HOR catalyst Pt1@Co1CN is fabricated, in which the electronic structure of single Pt sites is modulated by isolated Co atoms pre‐anchored on nitrogen‐doped carbon. Pt1@Co1CN exhibits superior HOR activity and durability under pH‐universal media than Pt1@CN (anchored single Pt atoms on nitrogen‐doped carbon) and commercial PtRu/C and Pt/C. More importantly, Pt1@Co1CN possesses much better CO anti‐poisoning ability than Pt1@CN and commercial PtRu/C and Pt/C. It is speculated that the superior pH‐universal HOR performance can be attributed to the inter‐regulation of adjacent Co and Pt sites, leading to the downshift of anti‐bonding state and consequently strengthening the *H adsorption, which promotes the kinetics of HOR.
Structure, thermal, hydrophobic, and dielectric properties of Bermuda grass ash bio‐silica, SBA‐15, and rGO‐reinforced bisphenol‐BA‐based polybenzoxazine composites
Authors: Srinivasan Harinei , Krishnan Jeyameena , Arumugam Hariharan , Muthukaruppan Alagar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe present work deals with the development of bisphenol‐BA based benzoxazines and to study their behavior toward utilization for thermal, high‐dielectric, low‐dielectric, and anti‐corrosion applications. A new type of bifunctional benzoxazine resins were synthesized using bisphenol‐BA with different types of amines and characterized using FTIR, 1H‐NMR spectra, DSC, and TGA techniques. In the present study, thermally stable bisphenol‐BA with trifluoromethylaniline benzoxazine (BBA‐tfma) and bisphenol‐BA with furfurylamine benzoxazine (BBA–ffa) were selected as matrices for the preparation of composites with SBA‐15, bio‐silica (from Bermuda grass) and reduced graphene oxide. The results indicated that the poly(BBA‐tfma) with 5 wt% SBA‐15 composites and poly(BBA‐ffa) with 10 wt% bio‐silica composites showed the lowest dielectric constant value of 1.71 and 1.87, respectively. While in contrast, the 5 wt% of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) reinforced poly(BBA‐tfma) exhibits highest value of dielectric constant (k = 8.49). Results from corrosion studies ascertain that the bisphenol‐BA with aminoethoxyethanol benzoxazine, that is, poly(BBA‐aee) possess better mild steel corrosion protection behavior than that of other benzoxazines. Data resulting from different studies indicate that the bisphenol‐BA‐based benzoxazines and their composites can be effectively used for different industrial applications.
Consumer minimalism for sustainability: Exploring the determinants of rental consumption intention
Authors: Shukla Yupal , Mishra Sita , Chatterjee Ravi , Arora Vibha 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe burgeoning growth of a sharing economy model in the form of a rental business has created a keen interest in understanding various underlying factors that go on to impact consumer behavior. This article aims to understand the antecedents of “rental consumption,” and also examines the concepts of consumer familiarity and minimalism, perceived reputation, ascription responsibility, and perceived consumer effectiveness with the moderating role of consumer skepticism. We empirically tested our proposed framework and examined the mediating role of consumer minimalism vis‐à‐vis its impact on rental consumption behavior. We analyzed data (N = 365) with structural equation modeling AMOS 25 and Process Macro. The findings presumably would enhance the literature on the “sharing economy” by integrating the VBN theory, consumer minimalism, and rental consumption intention. We conclude with theoretical contributions and forward‐looking research directions that emphasize the shift in consumer behavior with minimalistic value, and its implications for organizations operating in a sharing economy.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of rainfall interception and effective precipitation in the Loess Plateau after large‐scale afforestation
Authors: Li Yiran , Liang Yushi , Wei Tianxing , Chen Peng , Ji Xiaodong , Liu Xiaohua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Grain for Green Program (GFGP) has promoted vegetation restoration and environmental improvement in the Loess Plateau (LP) and has sparked considerable interest in its effects on local hydrological cycle processes. However, few studies have examined the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of rainfall interception (RI) and its influencing factors in the LP after GFGP implementation, even though RI directly controls the potential available water resources entering the ecosystem (Peffective) and largely influences the changes in hydrological fluxes in water‐limited regions. This study employed the remote sensing (RS)‐Gash model to investigate RI and Peffective in the LP. Results showed that RI and Peffective increased at a rate of 0.7 (p < 0.01) and 2.5 mm/year (p = 0.12), respectively, during the complete implementation of the GFGP (2001–2018). Spatially, the two were dominated by significantly increasing (area share, 50.3%) and nonsignificantly increasing (74.2%) trends, respectively. The dominant drivers of the changes in RI and Peffective are vegetation factors and precipitation, respectively. The results imply that after the implementation of the GFGP, water scarcity in most areas of the LP seems to show signs of improvement, rather than worsening at source. However, people should remain alert about issues that can occur in semihumid areas, including vegetation's degradation due to excessive afforestation or single‐species plantations, particularly at the Ziwuling Mountains. The successful greening experience of the GFGP in the LP is worth promoting, but lessons should also be learned regarding its unsustainability in areas with relatively abundant water.
Design of gorilla troops optimizer‐tuned 2DOF‐PID controller to improve the frequency response of centralized‐control technical virtual power plant
Authors: Abishek R , Dulal Chandra Das 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis work presents an enhanced frequency control model of a centralized‐control technical virtual power plant (TVPP) with distributed energy resources (DERs). To provide frequency control support, a centralized TVPP is exposed to communication delays because of the numerous message exchanges between the grid operator, the VPP operator, and the DERs. The VPP operator also imposes dead band restrictions on the droop control signal to avoid frequent activation of sensitive DERs. The literature lacks the frequency control models of VPP that can handle these delay and dead‐band issues. This work attempts to incorporate frequency dead‐band and communication delays in the primary (droop control) and secondary control (ACE control) loop for the DERs in the VPP. In addition, a control approach based on 2DOF‐PID controllers tuned by a recently developed artificial gorilla troops optimizer (GTO) is employed to control the frequency of the VPP model. The GTO algorithm performs better on comparative assessment than the other classical optimization algorithms. Under dynamic performance evaluation, the 2DOF‐PID controller outperforms the GTO‐optimized PID and PI controllers. Finally, the sensitivity analysis results show that the proposed GTO‐optimized 2DOF‐PID controller for the VPP model is robust against uncertainties in the system.
Nanohybrid of h‐BN nanosheets supporting CeO2 enhanced epoxy composite coatings with excellent self‐lubricating performance
Authors: Yang Bi , Chen Beibei , Dong Wenquan , Tong Yang , Li Jiaye 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPolymer self‐lubricating composite coatings have been widely used on the surface of machinery to extend the life of the moving systems/parts by controlling friction and wear. In this work, epoxy nanocomposite coating with the thickness of about 60 μm was fabricated with addition of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs)/CeO2 nanohybrid for enhancement in antifriction and wear resistance. The active BNNSs were first obtained by exfoliating h‐BN with alkaline solution, and then the rare earth oxide of CeO2 nanoparticles were immobilized on the surface of BNNSs through hydrothermal method. The microstructure morphology and chemical composition of as‐proposed BNNSs/CeO2 were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, HRTEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, RS, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. And the tribological behaviors of epoxy nanocomposite coatings containing BNNSs, CeO2, and BNNSs/CeO2 were investigated comparatively using ball‐on disc friction tester (MPX‐3). And the 440C stainless‐steel ball with diameter of 8 mm was used as the counterface material. Tribological tests showed that epoxy‐BNNSs/CeO2 had the best friction and wear reduction properties, and the lowest coefficient of friction and wear rate of epoxy‐based composite coating were achieved when the content of BNNSs/CeO2 was 0.5 wt%, with 84.9% and 96.3% reduction, respectively. Moreover, the effect of sliding conditions on the tribological performance of epoxy‐BNNSs/CeO2 was investigated. The corresponding enhancing mechanisms of BNNSs/CeO2 were discussed as well.
Warming of the lower Columbia River, 1853 to 2018
Authors: Scott Malia H. , Talke Stefan A. , Jay David A. , Diefenderfer Heida L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWater temperature is a critical ecological indicator; however, few studies have statistically modeled century‐scale trends in riverine or estuarine water temperature, or their cause. Here, we recover, digitize, and analyze archival temperature measurements from the 1850s onward to investigate how and why water temperatures in the lower Columbia River are changing. To infill data gaps and explore changes, we develop regression models of daily historical Columbia River water temperature using time‐lagged river flow and air temperature as the independent variables. Models were developed for three time periods (mid‐19th, mid‐20th, and early 21st century), using archival and modern measurements (1854–1876; 1938–present). Daily and monthly averaged root‐mean‐square errors overall are 0.89°C and 0.77°C, respectively for the 1938–2018 period. Results suggest that annual averaged water temperature increased by 2.2°C ± 0.2°C since the 1850s, a rate of 1.3°C ± 0.1°C/century. Increased water temperatures are seasonally dependent. An increase of approximately 2.0°C ± 0.2°C/century occurs in the July–Dec time‐frame, while springtime trends are statistically insignificant. Rising temperatures change the probability of exceeding ecologically important thresholds; since the 1850s, the number of days with water temperatures over 20°C increased from ~5 to 60 per year, while the number below 2°C decreased from ~10 to 0 days/per year. Overall, the modern system is warmer, but exhibits less temperature variability. The reservoir system reduces sensitivity to short‐term atmospheric forcing. Statistical experiments within our modeling framework suggest that increased water temperature is driven by warming air temperatures (~29%), altered river flow (~14%), and water resources management (~57%).
A decade of research in fog computing: Relevance, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Srirama Satish Narayana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecent developments in the Internet of Things (IoT) and real‐time applications, have led to the unprecedented growth in the connected devices and their generated data. Traditionally, this sensor data is transferred and processed at the cloud, and the control signals are sent back to the relevant actuators, as part of the IoT applications. This cloud‐centric IoT model, resulted in increased latencies and network load, and compromised privacy. To address these problems, Fog Computing was coined by Cisco in 2012, a decade ago, which utilizes proximal computational resources for processing the sensor data. Ever since its proposal, fog computing has attracted significant attention and the research fraternity focused at addressing different challenges such as fog frameworks, simulators, resource management, placement strategies, quality of service aspects, fog economics and so forth. However, after a decade of research, we still do not see large‐scale deployments of public/private fog networks, which can be utilized in realizing interesting IoT applications. In the literature, we only see pilot case studies and small‐scale testbeds, and utilization of simulators for demonstrating scale of the specified models addressing the respective technical challenges. There are several reasons for this, and most importantly, fog computing did not present a clear business case for the companies and participating individuals yet. This article summarizes the technical, non‐functional, and economic challenges, which have been posing hurdles in adopting fog computing, by consolidating them across different clusters. The article also summarizes the relevant academic and industrial contributions in addressing these challenges and provides future research directions in realizing real‐time fog computing applications, also considering the emerging trends such as federated learning and quantum computing.
Conclusion and Outlook
Authors: Schleim Stephan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe last chapter draws a general conclusion for the whole book with a special emphasis on how, for all major topics (health, enhancement, and substances), definitions matter for how to think about, use, and regulate drugs. The problems of stigmatization and criminalization are addressed together with present challenges for drug policy, such as the opioid epidemic with its high toll of addicted, injured, and even dead people, particularly in the US. The author also presents a personal conclusion on how he himself thinks about drugs and how he instrumentalized substances to write this book.
The effect of preference and actual days spent working from home on stress and musculoskeletal pain in older workers
Authors: Oakman Jodi , Lambert Katrina A. , Weale Victoria P. , Stuckey Rwth , Graham Melissa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe rapid shift to working from home (WFH) due to the COVID-19 pandemic provided a unique opportunity to examine the relationship between preferred and actual days spent working from home on employees musculoskeletal pain (MSP) and stress in older workers.MethodsThis study uses three waves of data from the Employees Working from Home (EWFH) study collected in May 2021 (n = 451), November 2021 (n = 358) and May 2022 (n = 320) during the COVID-19 pandemic. A generalised mixed-effect model was used to model the relationships between preference and actual days spent WFH, stress and MSP. Exploratory mediation analysis was conducted to further explore significant relationships between actual days WFH and outcomes.ResultsWFH was associated with increasing stress levels in older participants, when the actual number of days WFH increased (B: 0.051, 95% CI: 0.008, 0.094) and when the number of days WFH exceeded their preferences (B: 0.218, 95% CI: 0.087, 0.349). Actual number of days spent WFH and stress in older employees was mediated through their sense of community (Indirect effect: 0.014, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.03;p = 0.006). The relationship between WFH and MSP was variable. For older employees, WFH more than their preferred number of days was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting MSP (OR: 4.070, 95% CI: 1.204, 13.757).ConclusionsFindings from this study support the need for flexible policies to support WFH which take into account employees preferences. For older workers, a sense of community was found to be important and proactive attempts to restore this will be important for maintain their health and supporting sustainable employment.
Neurotoxin-Derived Optical Probes for Biological and Medical Imaging
Authors: Ergen Pinar Helin , Shorter Susan , Ntziachristos Vasilis , Ovsepian Saak Victor 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe superb specificity and potency of biological toxins targeting various ion channels and receptors are of major interest for the delivery of therapeutics to distinct cell types and subcellular compartments. Fused with reporter proteins or labelled with fluorophores and nanocomposites, animal toxins and their detoxified variants also offer expanding opportunities for visualisation of a range of molecular processes and functions in preclinical models, as well as clinical studies. This article presents state-of-the-art optical probes derived from neurotoxins targeting ion channels, with discussions of their applications in basic and translational biomedical research. It describes the design and production of probes and reviews their applications with advantages and limitations, with prospects for future improvements. Given the advances in imaging tools and expanding research areas benefiting from the use of optical probes, described here resources should assist the discovery process and facilitate high-precision interrogation and therapeutic interventions.
Atmospheric Turbulent Intermittency Over the Arctic Sea‐Ice Surface During the MOSAiC Expedition
Authors: Liu Changwei , Yang Qinghua , Shupe Matthew D. , Ren Yan , Peng Shijie , Han Bo , Chen Dake 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTurbulent motions in the Arctic stable boundary layer are characterized by intermittency, but they are rarely investigated due to limited observations, in particular over the sea‐ice surface. In the present study, we explore the characteristics of turbulent intermittency over the Arctic sea‐ice surface using data collected during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observation for the Study of Arctic Climate expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. We first develop a new algorithm, which performs well in identifying the spectral gap over the Arctic sea‐ice surface. Then the characteristics of intermittency are investigated. It is found that the strength of intermittency increases under the conditions of light surface wind speed, small surface wind speed gradient, and strong surface air temperature gradient. The momentum flux, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux calculated by raw eddy‐covariance fluctuations are overestimated by 3%, 10%, and 24%, respectively, because submesoscale motions are included. Furthermore, the characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer structure under various intermittency conditions reveal that strong low‐level jets are favorable to surface turbulent motions that result in weak intermittency, while strong temperature inversions above the surface layer suppress surface turbulent motions and lead to strong intermittency.
Organic Carbon and Lignin Protection by Metal Oxides Versus Silicate Clay: Comparative Study Based on Wetland and Upland Soils
Authors: Zhu Erxiong , Liu Zongguang , Wang Simin , Wang Yiyun , Liu Ting , Feng Xiaojuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMineral binding of organic carbon (OC) is one of the key mechanisms promoting soil organic carbon (SOC) persistence, which is vital for the long‐term sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide into soils. However, the relative importance of two main types of soil minerals ‐ metal oxides and silicate clay—in SOC protection remains unclear, hampering our ability to predict and protect this important pool of persistent SOC. Here, we analyzed OC bound to metal oxides (OCmetal) versus silicate clay (OCclay) in soils from contrasting environments (i.e., wetlands and uplands) using sequential dissolution by dithionite and hydrofluoric acid. We found that OCmetal% was higher than OCclay% in both wetlands and uplands, indicating the dominance of metal oxides in SOC protection. The sum of OCmetal% and OCclay% constituted a higher fraction of SOC in wetlands than uplands, suggesting an underappreciated role of mineral (in particular, metal oxide) protection in wetland SOC preservation. Furthermore, using lignin phenol analysis in tandem, ∼23% of lignin phenols were additionally released after the removal of silicate clay, providing a potential means to assess “hidden” lignin in mineral matrices. Given the wide use of lignin phenols as tracers for terrestrial plant‐derived OC, our results suggest that the contribution of terrestrial or plant‐derived carbon to sedimentary carbon stocks or mineral‐protected SOC deserves reassessment. These findings highlight the differential role of various soil minerals in the protection of SOC and its components in contrasting terrestrial environments, which warrants better recognition for understanding the distribution and dynamics of mineral‐protected SOC.