bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jumonji domain‐containing protein‐3 (JMJD3) promotes myeloid fibroblast activation and macrophage polarization in kidney fibrosis
Authors: An Changlong , Jiao Baihai , Du Hao , Tran Melanie , Song Bo , Wang Penghua , Zhou Dong , Wang Yanlin 
Published: April 2023

Background and PurposeRenal fibrosis is a common feature of chronic kidney disease. Myeloid fibroblasts and macrophages contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying myeloid fibroblast activation and macrophage polarization are not fully understood. In this study, we examined the role of Jumonji domain‐containing protein‐3 (JMJD3) in myeloid fibroblast activation, macrophage polarization, and renal fibrosis development in a preclinical model of obstructive nephropathy.Experimental ApproachTo examine the role of JMJD3 in renal fibrosis, we generated mice with global or myeloid cell‐specific deletion of JMJD3, and we treated wild‐type mice with vehicle or GSK‐J4 (selective JMJD3 inhibitor). Mice were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstructive injury to induce renal fibrosis.Key ResultsJMJD3 expression was significantly increased in the kidneys during the development of renal fibrosis, which was associated with an increase in H3K27 dimethylation. Mice with either global or myeloid JMJD3 deficiency exhibited significantly reduced total collagen deposition and extracellular matrix protein production, myeloid fibroblast activation and M2 macrophage polarization in the obstructed kidney. Moreover, IFN regulatory factor 4, a mediator of M2 macrophage polarization, was significantly induced in the obstructed kidneys, which was abolished by JMJD3 deficiency. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of JMJD3 with GSK‐J4 attenuated kidney fibrosis, reduced myeloid fibroblast activation and suppressed M2 macrophage polarization in the obstructed kidney.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur study identifies JMJD3 as a critical regulator of myeloid fibroblast activation, macrophage polarization, and renal fibrosis development. Therefore, JMJD3 may represent a promising therapeutic target for chronic kidney disease.
Local anaesthetic procaine derivatives protect rat against diabetic nephropathy via inhibition of DPP‐4, inflammation and oxidative stress
Authors: Song Miaomiao , Chen Yaping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious devastating disease. However, the current clinical options to treat DN are not adequate. Thus, in the present study, we intend to develop novel series of procaine‐embedded thiazole‐pyrazoles as protective agent against DN. The compounds were tested for inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)‐4, −8, and − 9 enzyme subtypes, where they selectively and potently inhibit DPP‐4 as compared to other subtypes. The top three ranked DPP‐4 inhibitors (8i, 8e and 8k) were further screened for inhibitory activity against NF‐ĸB transcription. Among these three, compound 8i was identified as the most potent NF‐ĸB inhibitor. The pharmacological benefit of compound 8i was further established in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Compound 8i showed marked improvements in blood glucose, ALP, ALT, total protein, serum lipid profile such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL levels and renal functions such as urine volume, urinary protein excretion, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine clearance as compared to nontreated diabetic control group. It also reduces oxidative stress (MDA, SOD and GPx) and inflammation (TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6) in the rats as compared to disease control group rats. This study demonstrated the discovery of procaine‐embedded thiazole‐pyrazole compounds as a novel class of agent against diabetic nephropathy.
New Cretaceous empidoids and the Mesozoic dance fly revolution (Diptera: Empidoidea)
Authors: Badano Davide , Sinclair Bradley J. , Zhang Qingqing , Palermo Francesca , Pieroni Nicola , Maugeri Laura , Fratini Michela , Cerretti Pierfilippo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDance flies and relatives (Empidoidea) are a diverse and ecologically important group of Diptera in nearly all modern terrestrial ecosystems. Their fossil record, despite being scattered, attests to a long evolutionary history dating back to the early Mesozoic. Here, we describe seven new species of Empidoidea from Cretaceous Kachin amber inclusions, assigning them to the new genus Electrochoreutes gen.n. (type species: Electrochoreutes trisetigerus sp.n.) based on unique apomorphies among known Diptera. Like many extant dance flies, the males of Electrochoreutes are characterized by species‐specific sexually dimorphic traits, which are likely to have played a role in courtship. The fine anatomy of the fossils was investigated through high‐resolution X‐ray phase‐contrast microtomography to reconstruct their phylogenetic affinities within the empidoid clade, using cladistic reasoning. Morphology‐based phylogenetic analyses including a selection of all extant family‐ and subfamily‐ranked empidoid clades along with representatives of all extinct Mesozoic genera, were performed using a broad range of analytical methods (maximum parsimony, maximum‐likelihood and Bayesian inference). These analyses converged in reconstructing Electrochoreutes as a stem‐group representative of the Dolichopodidae, suggesting that complex mating rituals evolved in this lineage during the Cretaceous.
Exploring the relevance of the multidimensionality of wildlife recreationists to conservation behaviors: A case study in Virginia
Authors: Grooms Bennett , Dayer Ashley , Barnes Jessica , Peele Ashley , Rutter Jonathan , Cole Nicholas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWildlife recreationists' participation in conservation behaviors could provide key support to the conservation efforts of state fish and wildlife agencies. However, little is known about how identifying with multiple forms of wildlife recreation (i.e., hunters, anglers, birders, wildlife viewers) may influence participation in conservation behaviors, specifically for supporting state fish and wildlife agencies and their conservation goals. Using a mixed‐mode survey of Virginia wildlife recreationists, we explored the hypothesized relationship between individuals' participation in conservation behaviors and their identification with multiple forms of consumptive and nonconsumptive wildlife recreation. We found wildlife recreation identity is multidimensional, with many individuals identifying with consumptive and nonconsumptive identities simultaneously. Further, consumptive‐only recreationists (i.e., hunters and/or anglers) participated in conservation behaviors less often than nonconsumptive‐only recreationists (i.e., birders and/or wildlife viewers) and recreationists with both consumptive and nonconsumptive identities were less likely to support a state fish and wildlife agency in the future. Our findings underscore the importance of all types of wildlife recreationists, especially those with intersecting identities, as state fish and wildlife agencies work to advance conservation. Hence, developing multi‐faceted engagement strategies may enhance support for state fish and wildlife agencies among their growing wildlife recreation constituency.
The utility of plasma glycated CD59 in predicting postpartum glucose intolerance: A prospective study of women diagnosed with GDM during a period of universal GDM screening
Authors: Bogdanet Delia , Castillo Michelle T. , Doheny Helen , Dervan Louise , Luque‐Fernandez Miguel A. , Halperin Jose , O'Shea Paula M. , Dunne Fidelma P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsGestational diabetes (GDM) is associated with the development of postpartum (PP) glucose intolerance. Plasma glycated CD59 (pGCD59) is an emerging biomarker for the detection of hyperglycaemia. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of PP pGCD59 to predict the development of PP GI as defined by the 2 h 75 g OGTT using the ADA criteria, in a cohort of women diagnosed with prior GDM in the index pregnancy using the 2 h 75 g OGTT at 24–28 weeks of gestation according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2013 criteria.MethodsOf the 2017 pregnant women recruited prospectively 140 women with gestational diabetes had samples for pGCD59 taken PP at the time of the OGTT. The ability of pGCD59 to predict the results of the PP OGTT was assessed using nonparametric receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsWomen with PP glucose intolerance had significantly higher PP pGCD59 levels compared to women with normal glucose tolerance PP (3.8 vs. 2.7 SPU). PP pGCD59 identified women who developed glucose intolerance PP with an AUC of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.70–0.91). A PP pGCD59 cut‐off value of 1.9 SPU generated a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 83.9–100), specificity of 16.9% (95% CI: 9.8–26.3), positive predictive value of 22.1% (95% CI: 21.0–22.6), and negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI: 87.4–100). PP fasting plasma glucose generated an AUC of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.89–0.99) for the identification of PP glucose intolerance.ConclusionOur study found that PP pGCD9 may be a promising biomarker to identify women not requiring PP glucose intolerance screening using the traditional OGTT. While the diagnostic accuracy of pGCD59 is good, fasting plasma glucose remains a better test for the identification of PP glucose intolerance.
Associations between disordered eating behaviour, diabetes distress and emotion regulation strategies in adults with type 1 diabetes: Results from a Dutch‐Italian cross‐sectional study
Authors: Embaye Jiska , Bassi Giulia , Dingemans Alexandra E. , Doesborg Loes , Snoek Frank J. , de Wit Maartje 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsDisordered eating behaviour (DEB) and diabetes distress are prevalent in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Emotion regulation strategies, such as cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, are associated with DEB and managing stress in general. Here we examine the associations between DEB, diabetes distress, and emotion regulation strategies in the context of T1D.MethodsAdults with T1D in The Netherlands and Italy completed an online survey, covering DEB (DEPS‐R), diabetes distress (PAID‐5), and emotion regulation strategies (ERQ). Associations between DEB, diabetes distress, and emotion regulation strategies were examined using path analysis.ResultsN = 291 participants completed the survey (78.9% women, 39 ± 13 years, HbA1c: 55 ± 16 mmol/mol (7.2% [3.6%]); TIR: 66% ± 25). N = 79 participants (27.1%) reported DEB (DEPS‐R ≥ 20) and n = 159 participants (54.6%) reported elevated diabetes distress (PAID‐5 ≥ 8). The path analysis, with small‐to‐medium effect sizes, revealed that more diabetes distress was associated with more DEB (β = 0.23, 95% CI [0.13, 0.34]). Less diabetes distress was associated with more use of cognitive reappraisal (β = −0.24, 95% CI [−0.36, −0.12]). More DEB was associated with more use of expressive suppression (β = 0.14, 95% CI [0.04, 0.24]).ConclusionsThis cross‐sectional study suggests an association between DEB and diabetes distress, between cognitive reappraisal and less diabetes distress and between expressive suppression and more DEB. The results suggest that it may prove beneficial to prioritize strengthening emotion regulation strategies in interventions for people with T1D and DEB. Future research should help clarify causality with regard to emotion regulation and DEB in adults with T1D.
Impact of school‐supervised ultra‐long‐acting basal insulin injections on ketosis in youth with T1D and elevated haemoglobin A1c: A pilot study
Authors: Nally Laura M. , Sherr Jennifer L. , Tichy Eileen , Weyman Kate , Urban Andrea , Shabanova Veronika , McCollum Sarah , Steffen Amy , Tamborlane William V. , Van Name Michelle 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D), high haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels are associated with an increased risk for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).AimsThis study examined whether daily school‐supervised basal insulin injections were feasible and if they reduced the risk of morning ketosis in children and adolescents with high HbA1c levels. We hypothesized that supervised glargine and degludec would reduce the risk of ketosis and that the prolonged action of degludec would protect from ketosis after consecutive days of unsupervised injections.Materials & MethodsAfter a 2–4‐week run‐in, youth (10–18 years, HbA1c ≥ 8.5%) managing T1D with injections were randomized to school‐supervised administration of degludec or glargine for 4 months. School nurses observed daily blood β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and glucose checks. During COVID closures, the research team supervised procedures remotely.ResultsData from 28 youth (age 14.3 ± 2.3 years, HbA1c 11.4 ± 1.9%, 64% F) were analysed. School‐supervised injections of both basal insulins for 1–4 days progressively lowered the percent of participants with elevated BHB. The percent of participants with elevated BHB (≥0.6 mmol/L) after 2 days of unsupervised basal insulin doses at home was greater in the glargine than degludec group but had a high p‐value (17.2% vs. 9.0%, p = 0.3). HbA1c was unchanged in both groups.DiscussionIn youth with T1D at high risk for DKA, daily supervised long‐acting insulin administration decreased the probability of elevated ketone levels on subsequent school days, regardless of basal insulin type. A larger sample size may have demonstrated that the longer action profile of degludec would offer additional protection from ketosis during days of not attending school.ConclusionEngaging school‐based caregivers in management of youth with T1D on injected insulin may decrease clinically significant ketosis and minimize acute complications of diabetes.
Prognostic significance of incorporating exercise tissue doppler mitral annular early diastolic velocity in exercise diastolic dysfunction assessment
Authors: Omar Alaa Mabrouk Salem , Konje Swiri , Muñoz‐Estrella Alba , Alam Loba , Gandhi Kruti , Moras Errol , Mancero Brissete , Kaur Arpanjeet , Zipf Elizabeth , Meister David , Peña Maria , Perez‐Lizardo Christopher , Kim Ga Hee , Elias Joseph , Argulian Edgar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe existing algorithm for defining exercise‐induced diastolic dysfunction incorporates resting e’ velocity as a surrogate of myocardial relaxation. The additive prognostic value of incorporating post‐exercise e’ velocity in definition of exercise‐induced diastolic dysfunction is poorly studied.AimTo define the additive prognostic value of post‐exercise e’ septal velocity in the assessment of exercise‐induced diastolic dysfunction compared to the traditional approach.MethodsThis retrospective study included 1409 patients undergoing exercise treadmill echocardiography with available full set of diastolic variables. Doppler measures of diastolic function included resting septal e’ velocity, post‐exercise septal e’ velocity, post‐exercise E/e’ ratio, and post‐exercise tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity. Approaches incorporating resting septal e’ velocity and post‐exercise septal e’ velocity were compared in defining exercise‐induced diastolic dysfunction, and for association with adverse cardiovascular outcomes.ResultsThe mean age of study subjects was 56.3 ± 16.5 years and 791 (56%) patients were women. A total of 524 patients had disagreement between resting and post exercise septal e’ velocities, and these values showed only weak agreement (kappa statistics: .28, P = .02). All categories of the traditional exercise‐induced DD approach incorporating resting septal e’ velocity witnessed reclassification when exercise septal e’ velocity was used. When both approaches were compared, increased event rates were only evident when both approaches agreed on exercise‐induced diastolic dysfunction (HR: 1.92, P < .001, 95% CI: 1.37–2.69). This association persisted after multivariable adjustment and propensity score matching for covariates.ConclusionIncorporation of post‐exercise e’ velocity into the set of variables defining exercise‐induced diastolic dysfunction can improve the prognostic utility of diastolic function assessment.
Unconsciousness or unresponsiveness in akinetic mutism? Insights from a multimodal longitudinal exploration
Authors: Comanducci Angela , Casarotto Silvia , Rosanova Mario , Derchi Chiara‐Camilla , Viganò Alessandro , Pirastru Alice , Blasi Valeria , Cazzoli Marta , Navarro Jorge , Edlow Brian L. , Baglio Francesca , Massimini Marcello 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe clinical assessment of patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) relies on the observation of behavioural responses to standardised sensory stimulation. However, several medical comorbidities may directly impair the production of reproducible and appropriate responses, thus reducing the sensitivity of behaviour‐based diagnoses. One such comorbidity is akinetic mutism (AM), a rare neurological syndrome characterised by the inability to initiate volitional motor responses, sometimes associated with clinical presentations that overlap with those of DoC. In this paper, we describe the case of a patient with large bilateral mesial frontal lesions, showing prolonged behavioural unresponsiveness and severe disorganisation of electroencephalographic (EEG) background, compatible with a vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (VS/UWS). By applying an unprecedented multimodal battery of advanced imaging and electrophysiology‐based techniques (AIE) encompassing spontaneous EEG, evoked potentials, event‐related potentials, transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with EEG and structural and functional MRI, we provide the following: (i) a demonstration of the preservation of consciousness despite unresponsiveness in the context of AM, (ii) a plausible neurophysiological explanation for behavioural unresponsiveness and its subsequent recovery during rehabilitation stay and (iii) novel insights into the relationships between DoC, AM and parkinsonism. The present case offers proof‐of‐principle evidence supporting the clinical utility of a multimodal hierarchical workflow that combines AIEs to detect covert signs of consciousness in unresponsive patients.
Leaf angle as a leaf and canopy trait: Rejuvenating its role in ecology with new technology
Authors: Yang Xi , Li Rong , Jablonski Andrew , Stovall Atticus , Kim Jongmin , Yi Koong , Ma Yixin , Beverly Daniel , Phillips Richard , Novick Kim , Xu Xiangtao , Lerdau Manuel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLife on Earth depends on the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy by plants through photosynthesis. A fundamental challenge in optimizing photosynthesis is to adjust leaf angles to efficiently use the intercepted sunlight under the constraints of heat stress, water loss and competition. Despite the importance of leaf angle, until recently, we have lacked data and frameworks to describe and predict leaf angle dynamics and their impacts on leaves to the globe. We review the role of leaf angle in studies of ecophysiology, ecosystem ecology and earth system science, and highlight the essential yet understudied role of leaf angle as an ecological strategy to regulate plant carbon–water–energy nexus and to bridge leaf, canopy and earth system processes. Using two models, we show that leaf angle variations have significant impacts on not only canopy‐scale photosynthesis, energy balance and water use efficiency but also light competition within the forest canopy. New techniques to measure leaf angles are emerging, opening opportunities to understand the rarely‐measured intraspecific, interspecific, seasonal and interannual variations of leaf angles and their implications to plant biology and earth system science. We conclude by proposing three directions for future research.
Fungal genome size and composition reflect ecological strategies along soil fertility gradients
Authors: Zhang Hai‐Yang , Bissett Andrew , Aguilar‐Trigueros Carlos A. , Liu Hong‐Wei , Powell Jeff R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGenomic traits reflect the evolutionary processes that have led to ecological variation among extant organisms, including variation in how they acquire and use resources. Soil fungi have diverse nutritional strategies and exhibit extensive variation in fitness along resource gradients. We tested for trade‐offs in genomic traits with mycelial nutritional traits and hypothesize that such trade‐offs differ among fungal guilds as they reflect contrasting resource exploitation and habitat preferences. We found species with large genomes exhibited nutrient‐poor mycelium and low GC content. These patterns were observed across fungal guilds but with varying explanatory power. We then matched trait data to fungal species observed in 463 Australian grassland, woodland and forest soil samples. Fungi with large genomes and lower GC content dominated in nutrient‐poor soils, associated with shifts in guild composition and with species turnover within guilds. These findings highlight fundamental mechanisms that underpin successful ecological strategies for soil fungi.
Knowledge integration in family firms: Understanding the nexus between familiness and organizational effectiveness
Authors: Barros‐Contreras Ismael , Campopiano Giovanna , Discua Cruz Allan , Martin‐Cruz Natalia , Hernangómez B. Juan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlthough knowledge integration has been deemed relevant for the development and survival of family firms, prior studies suggest that the lack of skills to combine and transfer incumbent family members' knowledge within the family may hinder family firms' organizational effectiveness. Knowledge integration, in this context, might depend on family involvement in ownership, management and governance, and family essence, considering the emotional and relational aspects of the influence the family exerts on the business. Relying on knowledge‐based view and dynamic capability perspectives, we propose a model suggesting that knowledge integration intervenes in the relationship between familiness and organizational effectiveness. Our hypotheses are tested on a sample of 102 private Spanish family businesses. The results reveal that familiness is beneficial for knowledge integration, enhancing family firms' organizational effectiveness. Our study provides practical implications for family business owners and managers, and opportunities for further research.