bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Structure and Magnetic Behavior of a Novel Series of Trinuclear Windwheel Complexes
Authors: Luo Rong , Xie Chen‐Ze , Chen Ming‐Guang , Shi Hai‐Yan , Kong Xiang‐Jian , Fan Yu‐Hua , Shao Feng 
Published: August 2023

Comprehensive SummaryA new family of trinuclear windwheel complexes with molecular formula [MII3(tpa)3(μ‐ttc)](ClO4)3·n(sol) (ttc = 1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐trithiol; tpa = tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine; M = Mn, n = 2, sol = CH3CN, 1; M = Co, n = 1, sol = CH3CN, 2; M = Ni, n = 0, 3) were synthesized and characterized. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed that three metal centers in 1—3 are connected by ttc bridge, forming a regular triangular MII3 core. Each metal center is bonded by chelating S, N atoms from ttc and by N atoms from tpa. Magnetic studies showed that 1—3 displayed antiferromagnetic behavior and further gave the easy‐axis anisotropy (D = −0.77 cm−1 for 1 and −8.13 cm−1 for 2) and easy‐plane anisotropy (D = 5.08 cm−1 for 3). Moreover, 2 exhibited field‐induced slow magnetic relaxation behavior and their effective energy barriers were roughly evaluated Ueff = 6.9 K.
Mediating effect of depression on the association between cardiovascular disease and the risk of all‐cause mortality: NHANES in 2005−2018
Authors: Ma Xinxin , Zhang Huan , Tian Yuan , Wang Yaping , Liu Ling , Wang Lei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) patients are more likely to have depression than general populations, and meanwhile, depression increased all‐cause mortality. However, the interaction effect of depression on CVD and all‐cause mortality has not been reported yet.HypothesisHerein, we speculate that depression may play an intermediate role in the association of CVD and all‐cause mortality.MethodsDemographic and clinical data of 33,156 adults (≥20 years old) were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database in 2005−2018 in this retrospective cohort study. Weighted univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses were used to screen the covariates and to explore the relationship of CVD and depression. Distribution‐of‐product method was used to assess the mediating effect of depression on the association between CVD and all‐cause mortality. The mediating effect of depression was also explored in age, gender, diabetes mellitus (DM), and dyslipidemia subgroups. The evaluation indexes were odds ratios (ORs), hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsAmong the participants, 11 514 had CVD, 5844 had depression, and 4759 were died. After adjusting for covariates, CVD was related to high odds of depression (OR = 1.94). Depression played an intermediate role in CVD and all‐cause mortality (HR = 1.23) with a mediational percentage of 9.13%. Subgroup analyses also showed this mediating effect existed in adults of different age, gender, DM and dyslipidemia status (all p < .05).ConclusionThe intermediate effect of depression may help clinicians to early identify high‐risk populations and provide some reference for disease management and mortality reduction.
Predictors of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with oral anticoagulants: Insights from the GARFIELD‐AF and ORBIT‐AF registries
Authors: Lim Toon Wei , Camm Alan John , Virdone Saverio , Singer Daniel E. , Bassand Jean P. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Fox Keith A. A. , Ezekowitz Michael , Gersh Bernard J. , Kayani Gloria , Hylek Elaine M. , Kakkar Ajay K. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Pieper Karen S. , Peterson Eric D. , Piccini Jonathan P. ,   for the GARFIELD‐AF and ORBIT‐AF Investigators
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAn unmet need exists to reliably predict the risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) treated with oral anticoagulants (OACs).HypothesisAn externally validated model improves ICH risk stratification.MethodsIndependent factors associated with ICH were identified by Cox proportional hazard modeling, using pooled data from the GARFIELD‐AF (Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD‐Atrial Fibrillation) and ORBIT‐AF (Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation) registries. A predictive model was developed and validated by bootstrap sampling and by independent data from the Danish National Patient Register.ResultsIn the combined training data set, 284 of 53 878 anticoagulated patients had ICH over a 2‐year period (0.31 per 100 person‐years; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28–0.35). Independent predictors of ICH included: older age, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack, concomitant antiplatelet (AP) use, and moderate‐to‐severe chronic kidney disease (CKD). Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) were associated with a significantly higher risk of ICH compared with non‐VKA oral anticoagulants (NOACs) (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.25–2.08; p = .0002). The ability of the model to discriminate individuals in the training set with and without ICH was fair (optimism‐corrected C‐statistic: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.65–0.71) and outperformed three previously published methods. Calibration between predicted and observed ICH probabilities was good in both training and validation data sets.ConclusionsAge, prior ischemic events, concomitant AP therapy, and CKD were important risk factors for ICH in anticoagulated AF patients. Moreover, ICH was more frequent in patients receiving VKA compared to NOAC. The new validated model is a step toward mitigating this potentially lethal complication.
Compute units in OpenMP: Extensions for heterogeneous parallel programming
Authors: Gonzàlez‐Tallada Marc , Morancho Enric 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThis article evaluates the current support for heterogeneous OpenMP 5.2 applications regarding the simultaneous activation of host and device computing units (e.g., CPUs, GPUs, or FPGAs). The article identifies limitations in the current OpenMP specification and describes the design and implementation of novel OpenMP extensions and runtime support for heterogeneous parallel programming. The Compute Unit (CUs) abstraction is introduced in the OpenMP programming model. The Compute Unit abstraction is defined in terms of an aggregation of computing elements (e.g., CPUs, GPUs, FPGAs). On top of CUs, the article describes dynamic work sharing constructs and schedulers that address the inherent differences in compute power of host and device CUs. New constructs and the corresponding runtime support are described for the new abstractions. The article evaluates the case of a hybrid multilevel parallelization of the NPB‐MZ benchmark suite. The implementation exploits both coarse‐grain and fine‐grain parallelism, mapped to CUs of different nature (GPUs and CPUs). All CUs are activated using the new extensions and runtime support. We compare hybrid and nonhybrid executions under two state‐of‐the‐art work‐distribution schemes (Static and Dynamic Task schedulers). On a computing node composed of one AMD EPYC 7742 @ 2.250GHz (64 cores and 2 threads/core, totalling 128 threads per node) and 2 GPU AMD Radeon Instinct MI50 with 32GB, hybrid executions present speedups from 1.08 up to 3.18 with respect to a nonhybrid GPU implementation, depending on the number of activated CUs.
Effect of Hf Substitution on Mechanical Properties of TiNbTaZr Medium Entropy Alloy by First Principle Calculation
Authors: Chen Huai‐Hao , Li Zhi‐Wei , Liu Hai‐Bo , Wang Li‐Xin , Deng Lin‐Hong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn order to explore the mechanism of mechanical properties of TiNbTaZr after non‐Ti elements are replaced by Hf from the perspective of electronic structure. Analyzing the structural characteristics of TiNbTaZr, TiHfNbZr, TiNbHfZr, and TiNbTaHf medium entropy alloys by solid solution characteristic parameters. Establishing the corresponding structural models and dealing with the first‐principles calculations. By analyzing the binding energy and formation enthalpy, it is determined that these four alloys are metastable β‐Ti alloys of disordered solid solution, and the thermodynamic stability of the structure is confirmed by phonon spectrum. The elastic constants, Poisson's ratio, and hardness of these four alloys show that the strength of Hf‐containing alloys is improved and the ductility is slightly reduced compared with TiNbTaZr. From the analysis of population and density of states, it is concluded that the reason for the above phenomenon is that Hf will cause the improvement of bonding stability and covalency of alloy materials, thus promoting the improvement of theoretical strength of alloys. TiNbHfZr exhibits excellent properties of high strength and low elastic modulus and has good ductility.
Energy‐efficient resource allocation over wireless communication systems through deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Shukla Kirti , Kollu Archana , Panwar Poonam , Soni Mukesh , Jindal Latika , Patel Hemlata , Keshta Ismail , Maaliw Renato R. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryAs the popularity of the Internet of Things (IoT) increases, so do the energy requirements of IoT terminal equipment. To address the energy shortage problem of equipment and ensure continuous and stable operation in light of renewable energy and an uncertain environment, a rational and efficient energy allocation strategy is required. This paper proposes a deep reinforcement learning energy allocation strategy that uses the DQN algorithm to directly interact with the unknown environment. The best energy allocation method is independent of environmental knowledge, and a pretraining algorithm is proposed to maximise the initialization state of the strategy. Experiments of comparison and simulation are conducted under various channel data circumstances. Results indicate that the proposed energy allocation strategy outperforms the current strategy in multiple channel conditions and has a high capacity for adaptation to changing conditions.
Cytology of Rhytidhysteron rufulum: An emerging cause of phaeohyphomycosis
Authors: Sharma Sudha , Gautam Neha , Kaur Harsimran 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is often the first‐line investigation for detection of any fungal infection. Rhytidhysteron rufulum is an emerging dematiaceous fungus detected as a human pathogen. FNAC combined with molecular techniques helps in the detection of rare fungal species, especially in cases of non‐sporulating fungi. We describe the cytomorphologic features of this species in a 62‐year immunocompetent male who presented with a localised subcutaneous infection. Molecular studies helped in the final diagnosis.
Landscape‐scale floral resource discontinuity decreases bumble bee occurrence and alters community composition
Authors: Hemberger Jeremy , Bernauer Olivia M. , Gaines‐Day Hannah R. , Gratton Claudio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAgricultural practices and intensification during the past two centuries have dramatically altered the abundance and temporal continuity of floral resources that support pollinating insects such as bumble bees. Long‐term trends among bumble bees within agricultural regions suggest that intensive agricultural conditions have created inhospitable conditions for some species, while other species have maintained their relative abundances despite landscape‐level changes in flower availability. Bumble bee responses to spatiotemporal resource heterogeneity have been explored at the colony and behavioral level, but we have yet to understand whether these conditions drive community structure and ultimately explain the diverging patterns in long‐term species trends. To explore the relationship between landscape‐level floral resource continuity and the likelihood of bumble bee occurrence, we mapped the relative spatial and temporal availability of floral resources within an intensive agricultural region in the US Upper Midwest and related this resource availability with bumble bee species relative abundance. Across the bee community, we found that relative bumble bee occurrence increases in landscapes containing more abundant and more temporally continuous floral resources. Declining species, such as Bombus terricola, exhibited the strongest, positive responses to resource abundance and continuity whereas common, stable species, such as Bombus impatiens, showed no statistical relationship to either. Together with existing experimental evidence, this work suggests that efforts to increase spatiotemporal flower availability, along with overall flower abundance at landscape scales may have positive effects on bumble bee communities in the US Upper Midwest.
Long‐term livestock exclusion increases plant richness and reproductive capacity in arid woodlands
Authors: Tulloch Ayesha I. T. , Healy Al , Silcock Jennifer , Wardle Glenda M. , Dickman Christopher R. , Frank Anke S. K. , Aubault Helene , Barton Kyle , Greenville Aaron C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHerbivore exclusion is implemented globally to recover ecosystems from grazing by introduced and native herbivores, but evidence for large‐scale biodiversity benefits is inconsistent in arid ecosystems. We examined the effects of livestock exclusion on dryland plant richness and reproductive capacity. We collected data on plant species richness and seeding (reproductive capacity), rainfall, vegetation productivity and cover, soil strength and herbivore grazing intensity from 68 sites across 6500 km2 of arid Georgina gidgee (Acacia georginae) woodlands in central Australia between 2018 and 2020. Sites were on an actively grazed cattle station and two destocked conservation reserves. We used structural equation modeling to examine indirect (via soil or vegetation modification) versus direct (herbivory) effects of grazing intensity by two introduced herbivores (cattle, camels) and a native herbivore (red kangaroo), on seasonal plant species richness and seeding of all plants, and the richness and seeding of four plant groups (native grasses, forbs, annual chenopod shrubs, and palatable perennial shrubs). Non‐native herbivores had a strong indirect effect on plant richness and seeding by reducing vegetative ground cover, resulting in decreased richness and seeding of native grasses and forbs. Herbivores also had small but negative direct impacts on plant richness and seeding. This direct effect was explained by reductions in annual chenopod and palatable perennial shrub richness under grazing activity. Responses to grazing were herbivore‐dependent; introduced herbivore grazing reduced native plant richness and seeding, while native herbivore grazing had no significant effect on richness or seeding of different plant functional groups. Soil strength decreased under grazing by cattle but not camels or kangaroos. Cattle had direct effects on palatable perennial shrub richness and seeding, whereas camels had indirect effects, reducing richness and seeding by reducing the abundance of shrubs. We show that considering indirect pathways improves evaluations of the effects of disturbances on biodiversity, as focusing only on direct effects can mask critical mechanisms of change. Our results indicate substantial biodiversity benefits from excluding livestock and controlling camels in drylands. Reducing introduced herbivore impacts will improve soil and vegetation condition, ensure reproduction and seasonal persistence of species, and protect native plant diversity.
Introducing desirable patches to initiate ecosystem transitions and accelerate ecosystem restoration
Authors: Eppinga Maarten B. , Michaels Theo K. , Santos Maria J. , Bever James D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMeeting restoration targets may require active strategies to accelerate natural regeneration rates or overcome the resilience associated with degraded ecosystem states. Introducing desired ecosystem patches in degraded landscapes constitutes a promising active restoration strategy, with various mechanisms potentially causing these patches to become foci from which desired species can re‐establish throughout the landscape. This study considers three mechanisms previously identified as potential drivers of introduced patch dynamics: autocatalytic nucleation, directed dispersal, and resource concentration. These mechanisms reflect qualitatively different positive feedbacks. We developed an ecological model framework that compared how the occurrence of each mechanism was reflected in spatio‐temporal patch dynamics. We then analyzed the implications of these relationships for optimal restoration design. We found that patch expansion accelerated over time when driven by the autocatalytic nucleation mechanism, while patch expansion driven by the directed dispersal or resource concentration mechanisms decelerated over time. Additionally, when driven by autocatalytic nucleation, patch expansion was independent of patch position in the landscape. However, the proximity of other patches affected patch expansion either positively or negatively when driven by directed dispersal or resource concentration. For autocatalytic nucleation, introducing many small patches was a favorable strategy, provided that each individual patch exceeded a critical patch size. Introducing a single patch or a few large patches was the most effective restoration strategy to initiate the directed dispersal mechanism. Introducing many small patches was the most effective strategy for reaching restored ecosystem states driven by a resource concentration mechanism. Our model results suggest that introducing desirable patches can substantially accelerate ecosystem restoration, or even induce a critical transition from an otherwise stable degraded state toward a desired ecosystem state. However, the potential of this type of restoration strategy for a particular ecosystem may strongly depend on the mechanism driving patch dynamics. In turn, which mechanism drives patch dynamics may affect the optimal spatial design of an active restoration strategy. Each of the three mechanisms considered reflects distinct spatio‐temporal patch dynamics, providing novel opportunities for empirically identifying key mechanisms, and restoration designs that introduce desired patches in degraded landscapes according to these patch dynamics.
Logging, linear features, and human infrastructure shape the spatial dynamics of wolf predation on an ungulate neonate
Authors: Johnson‐Bice Sean M. , Gable Thomas D. , Homkes Austin T. , Windels Steve K. , Bump Joseph K. , Bruggink John G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHumans are increasingly recognized as important players in predator–prey dynamics by modifying landscapes. This trend has been well‐documented for large mammal communities in North American boreal forests: logging creates early seral forests that benefit ungulates such as white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), while the combination of infrastructure development and resource extraction practices generate linear features that allow predators such as wolves (Canis lupus) to travel and forage more efficiently throughout the landscape. Disturbances from recreational activities and residential development are other major sources of human activity in boreal ecosystems that may further alter wolf–ungulate dynamics. Here, we evaluate the influence that several major types of anthropogenic landscape modifications (timber harvest, linear features, and residential infrastructure) have on where and how wolves hunt ungulate neonates in a southern boreal forest ecosystem in Minnesota, USA. We demonstrate that each major anthropogenic disturbance significantly influences wolf predation of white‐tailed deer fawns (n = 427 kill sites). In contrast with the “human shield hypothesis” that posits prey use human‐modified areas as refuge, wolves killed fawns closer to residential buildings than expected based on spatial availability. Fawns were also killed within recently‐logged areas more than expected. Concealment cover was higher at kill sites than random sites, suggesting wolves use senses other than vision, probably olfaction, to detect hidden fawns. Wolves showed strong selection for hunting along linear features, and kill sites were also closer to linear features than expected. We hypothesize that linear features facilitated wolf predation on fawns by allowing wolves to travel efficiently among high‐quality prey patches (recently logged areas, near buildings), and also increase encounter rates with olfactory cues that allow them to detect hidden fawns. These findings provide novel insight into the strategies predators use to hunt ungulate neonates and the many ways human activity alters wolf–ungulate neonate predator–prey dynamics, which have remained elusive due to the challenges of locating sites where predators kill small prey. Our research has important management and conservation implications for wolf–ungulate systems subjected to anthropogenic pressures, particularly as the range of overlap between wolves and deer expands and appears to be altering food web dynamics in boreal ecosystems.
Deep‐sea sponge derived environmental DNA analysis reveals demersal fish biodiversity of a remote Arctic ecosystem
Authors: Brodnicke Ole Bjørn , Meyer Heidi Kristina , Busch Kathrin , Xavier Joana R. , Knudsen Steen Wilhelm , Møller Peter Rask , Hentschel Ute , Sweet Michael John 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe deep‐sea is vast, remote, and largely underexplored. However, methodological advances in environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys could aid in the exploration efforts, such as using sponges as natural eDNA filters for studying fish biodiversity. In this study, we analyzed the eDNA from 116 sponge tissue samples and compared these to 18 water eDNA samples and visual surveys obtained on an Arctic seamount. Across survey methods, we revealed approximately 30% of the species presumed to inhabit this area and 11 fish species were detected via sponge derived eDNA alone. These included commercially important fish such as the Greenland halibut and Atlantic mackerel. Fish eDNA detection was highly variable across sponge samples. Highest detection rates were found in sponges with low microbial activity such as those from the class Hexactinellida. The different survey methods also detected alternate fish communities, highlighted by only one species overlap between the visual surveys and the sponge eDNA samples. Therefore, we conclude that sponge eDNA can be a useful tool for surveying deep‐sea demersal fish communities and it synergises with visual surveys improving overall biodiversity assessments. Datasets such as this can form comprehensive baselines on fish biodiversity across seamounts, which in turn can inform marine management and conservation practices in the regions where such surveys are undertaken.
Second‐Generation Total Synthesis of the Pigment Aurantricholone
Authors: Koblischek Philip , Brückner Reinhard 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOur first total synthesis of aurantricholone established its benzotropolone core by the ring‐enlargement of a tetralone. Here we describe another total synthesis of aurantricholone. It reaches the benzotropolone core from a known olefin metathesis product via an equally known dibromide, both of which contain a ketoketal moiety. The next transformation ‐ step 9 overall ‐ engaged this motif in a β‐elimination of ROH rather than in a hydrolysis under the forcing acidic conditions indispensable in all prior benzotropolone preparations from such an intermediate. In step 10, the Csp2−Br bonds of the elimination product underwent two doubly Z‐selective Suzuki couplings with a boronylated O‐methyl 4‐methylidenetetronate. This gave penta(O‐methyl)aurantricholone. Its NMR shifts matched essentially those of a derivative of natural aurantricholone by Steglich et al. Three O−Me bonds were cleaved with BBr3/CH2Cl2 (step 11) and two O−Me bonds with LiBr/DMF (step 12). A 1 : 3 co‐crystal of aurantricholone and DMSO allowed for an X‐ray structure analysis.