bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention to face the COVID-19 pandemic in Rio de Janeiro’s favelas: difference-in-differences analysis
Authors: Batista-da-Silva Amanda de Araujo , Moraes Camila Barros , Bozza Helena Rodrigues , Bastos Leonardo dos Santos Lourenço , Ranzani Otavio T , Hamacher Silvio , Bozza Fernando Augusto 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionFew community-based interventions addressing the transmission control and clinical management of COVID-19 cases have been reported, especially in poor urban communities from low-income and middle-income countries. Here, we analyse the impact of a multicomponent intervention that combines community engagement, mobile surveillance, massive testing and telehealth on COVID-19 cases detection and mortality rates in a large vulnerable community (Complexo da Maré) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.MethodsWe performed a difference-in-differences (DID) analysis to estimate the impact of the multicomponent intervention inMaré,before (March–August 2020) and after the intervention (September 2020 to April 2021), compared with equivalent local vulnerable communities. We applied a negative binomial regression model to estimate the intervention effect in weekly cases and mortality rates inMaré.ResultsBefore the intervention,Marépresented lower rates of reported COVID-19 cases compared with the control group (1373 vs 1579 cases/100 000 population), comparable mortality rates (309 vs 287 deaths/100 000 population) and higher case fatality rates (13.7% vs 12.2%). After the intervention,Marédisplayed a 154% (95% CI 138.6% to 170.4%) relative increase in reported case rates. Relative changes in reported death rates were −60% (95% CI −69.0% to −47.9%) in Maré and −28% (95% CI −42.0% to −9.8%) in the control group. The case fatality rate was reduced by 77% (95% CI −93.1% to −21.1%) inMaréand 52% (95% CI −81.8% to −29.4%) in the control group. The DID showed a reduction of 46% (95% CI 17% to 65%) of weekly reported deaths and an increased 23% (95% CI 5% to 44%) of reported cases inMaréafter intervention onset.ConclusionAn integrated intervention combining communication, surveillance and telehealth, with a strong community engagement component, could reduce COVID-19 mortality and increase case detection in a large vulnerable community in Rio de Janeiro. These findings show that investment in community-based interventions may reduce mortality and improve pandemic control in poor communities from low-income and middle-income countries.
Novel machine learning model for predicting multiple unplanned hospitalisations
Authors: Conilione Paul , Jessup Rebecca , Gust Anthony 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundIn the Australian public healthcare system, hospitals are funded based on the number of inpatient discharges and types of conditions treated (casemix). Demand for services is increasing faster than public funding and there is a need to identify and support patients that have high service usage. In 2016, the Victorian Department of Health and Human Services developed an algorithm to predict multiple unplanned admissions as part of a programme, Health Links Chronic Care (HLCC), that provided capitation funding instead of activity based funding to support patients with high admissions.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine whether an algorithm with higher performance than previously used algorithms could be developed to identify patients at high risk of three or more unplanned hospital admissions 12 months from discharge.MethodsThe HLCC and Hospital Unplanned Readmission Tool (HURT) models were evaluated using 34 801 unplanned inpatient episodes (27 216 patients) from 2017 to 2018 with an 8.3% prevalence of 3 or more unplanned admissions in the following year of discharge.ResultsHURT had a higher AUROC (84%, 95% CI 83.4% to 84.9% vs 71%, 95% CI 69.4% to 71.8%) than HLCC, that was statistically significant using Delong test at p<0.05.DiscussionWe found features that appear to be strong predictors of admission risk that have not been previously used in models, including socioeconomic status and social support.ConclusionThe high AUROC, moderate sensitivity and high specificity for the HURT algorithm suggests it is a very good predictor of future multi-admission risk and that it can be used to provide targeted support for at-risk individual.
Health professionals’ routine practice documentation and its associated factors in a resource-limited setting: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Demsash Addisalem Workie , Kassie Sisay Yitayih , Dubale Abiy Tasew , Chereka Alex Ayenew , Ngusie Habtamu Setegn , Hunde Mekonnen Kenate , Emanu Milkias Dugassa , Shibabaw Adamu Ambachew , Walle Agmasie Damtew 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesDocumenting routine practice is significant for better diagnosis, treatment, continuity of care and medicolegal issues. However, health professionals’ routine practice documentation is poorly practised. Therefore, this study aimed to assess health professionals’ routine practice documentation and associated factors in a resource-limited setting.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study design was used from 24 March up to 19 April 2022. Stratified random sampling and a pretested self-administered questionnaire were used among 423 samples. Epi Info V.7.1 and STATA V.15 software were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Descriptive statistics and a logistic regression model were employed to describe the study subjects and to measure the strength of association between dependent and independent variables, respectively. A variable with a p value of <0.2 in bivariate logistic regression was considered for multivariable logistic regression. In multivariable logistic regression, ORs with 95% CIs and a p value of <0.05 were considered to determine the strength of association between dependent and independent variables.ResultsHealth professionals’ documentation practice was 51.1% (95% CI: 48.64 to 53.1). Lack of motivation (adjusted OR (AOR): 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.76), good knowledge (AOR: 1.35, 95% CI: 0.72 to 2.97), taking training (AOR: 4.18, 95% CI: 2.99 to 8.28), using electronic systems (AOR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.36 to 3.28), availability of standard documentation tools (AOR: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.35 to 4.43) were statistically associated factors.ConclusionsHealth professionals’ documentation practice is good. Lack of motivation, good knowledge, taking training, using electronic systems and the availability of documentation tools were significant factors. Stakeholders should provide additional training, and encourage professionals to use an electronic system for documentation practices.
Moving from non-emergency bleeps and long-range pagers to a hospital-wide, EHR-integrated secure messaging system: an implementer report
Authors: Ercole Ari , Tolliday Claire , Gelson William , Rudd James H F , Cameron Ewen , Chaudhry Afzal , Hamer Fiona , Davies Justin 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionObsolete bleep/long-range pager equipment remains firmly embedded in the National Health Service (NHS).ObjectiveTo introduce a secure, chart-integrated messaging system (Epic Secure Chat) in a large NHS tertiary referral centre to replace non-emergency bleeps/long-range pagers.MethodsThe system was socialised in the months before go-live. Operational readiness was overseen by an implementation group with stakeholder engagement. Cutover was accompanied by a week of Secure Chat and bleeps running in parallel.ResultsEngagement due to socialisation was high with usage stabilising approximately 3 months after go-live. Contact centre internal call activity fell significantly after go-live. No significant patient safety concerns were reported.DiscussionUptake was excellent with substantial utilisation well before cutover indirectly supporting high levels of engagement. The majority of those who previously carried bleeps were content to use personal devices for messaging because of user convenience after reassurance about privacy.ConclusionAn integrated secure messaging system can replace non-emergency bleeps with beneficial impact on service.
Identification of palliative care needs and prognostic factors of survival in tailoring appropriate interventions in advanced oncological, renal and pulmonary diseases: a prospective observational protocol
Authors: Valenti Vanessa , Rossi Romina , Scarpi Emanuela , Dall'Agata Monia , Bassi Ilaria , Cravero Paola , La Manna Gaetano , Magnoni Giacomo , Marchello Martina , Mosconi Giovanni , Nanni Oriana , Nava Stefano , Pallotti Maria Caterina , Rapposelli Ilario Giovanni , Ricci Marianna , Scrivo Anna , Spazzoli Alessandra , Valenti Danila , Zambianchi Loretta , Caraceni Augusto , Maltoni Marco 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionIt is estimated that of those who die in high-income countries, 69%–82% would benefit from palliative care with a high prevalence of advanced chronic conditions and limited life prognosis. A positive response to these challenges would consist of integrating the palliative approach into all healthcare settings, for patients with all types of advanced medical conditions, although poor clinician awareness and the difficulty of applying criteria to identify patients in need still pose significant barriers. The aim of this project is to investigate whether the combined use of the NECPAL CCOMS-ICO and Palliative Prognostic (PaP) Score tools offers valuable screening methods to identify patients suffering from advanced chronic disease with limited life prognosis and likely to need palliative care, such as cancer, chronic renal or chronic respiratory failure.Methods and analysisThis multicentre prospective observational study includes three patient populations: 100 patients with cancer, 50 patients with chronic renal failure and 50 patients with chronic pulmonary failure. All patients will be treated and monitored according to local clinical practice, with no additional procedures/patient visits compared with routine clinical practice. The following data will be collected for each patient: demographic variables, NECPAL CCOMS-ICO questionnaire, PaP Score evaluation, Palliative Performance Scale, Edmonton Symptom Assessment System, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status and data concerning the underlying disease, in order to verify the correlation of the two tools (PaP and NECPAL CCOMS-ICO) with patient status and statistical analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by local ethics committees and written informed consent was obtained from the patient. Findings will be disseminated through typical academic routes including poster/paper presentations at national and international conferences and academic institutes, and through publication in peer-reviewed journals.
Adverse drug reactions of non-statin antihyperlipidaemic drugs in China from 1989 to 2019: a national database analysis
Authors: Tsui Leo , Chen Liwei , Ye Peiying , Xu Shiling , Wu Si-Jia , Chen Sonia Chien-I , Xie Wei 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveThis study aims to understand the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) for non-statin antihyperlipidaemic drugs included in the China Anti-hyperlipidemic Drug Database.DesignAn approach of Chinese national database analysis was employed to screen clinical trials involving non-statin antihyperlipidaemic drugs from 1989 to 2019.SettingThe database was provided by the China National Medical Products Administration Information Centre.ParticipantsIn total, 117 clinical studies with 8800 patients were selected from 2650 clinical trials of the Anti-hyperlipidemic Drug Database.InterventionsThe non-statin antihyperlipidaemic drugs were divided into three groups: (1) fibrates (fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, bezafibrate, etofylline clofibrate); (2) nicotinic acid and derivatives (niacin, acipimox) and (3) others (probucol, cholestyramine).ResultsThe results of this study show that first, gastrointestinal symptoms were the most common reactions (6.975%), which account for approximately 50% of the reported cases with ADRs. Second, cholestyramine (16.418%) and gemfibrozil (13.158%) were the most common gastrointestinal side effect-causing non-statin antihyperlipidaemic drugs, which account for one-third of the population. Third, niacin (7.879%) and gemfibrozil (5.000%) were the most likely cause of liver disease symptoms. Finally, niacin (10.909%) and acipimox (18.847%) were the major non-statin antihyperlipidaemic drugs with skin symptoms.ConclusionThis study revealed that gastrointestinal symptoms were the most common ADRs of fibrates, probucol and cholestyramine in the Chinese population. For nicotinic acid and derivatives, the ADRs of skin symptoms were the most common in China.
Usefulness of the lupus low disease activity state as a treatment target in childhood-onset SLE
Authors: Cody Ellen M , Wilson Bridget E , Ogbu Ekemini A , Huggins Jennifer L , Chen Chen , Qiu Tingting , Ting Tracy V , Flores Francisco , Huang Bin , Brunner Hermine I 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTreat-to-target (T2T) strategies are advocated to improve prognosis in childhood-onset SLE (cSLE). Proposed T2T states include SLEDAI score of<4 (SLEDAI-LD), limited corticosteroid use (low-CS), and lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS). We sought to compare T2T states for their association with cSLE prognosis under consideration of relevant disease characteristics such as pre-existing damage, race and lupus nephritis (LN).MethodsLongitudinal data from 165 patients enrolled in the Cincinnati Lupus Registry were included. LN presence was based on renal biopsy, and patients were followed up until 18 years of age.ResultsThe 165 patients (LN: 45, white: 95) entered the registry within a median of 0 (IQR: 0–1) year post diagnosis and were followed up for a median of 4 (IQR: 2–5) years during which 80%, 92% and 94% achieved LLDAS, low-CS and SLEDAI-LD. Patients with LN were significantly less likely to achieve any T2T state (all p<0.03) and required a significantly longer time to reach them (all p<0.0001). Over the study period, patients maintained low-CS, SLEDAI-LD or LLDAS for a median of 76% (IQR: 48%–100%), 86% (IQR: 55%–100%) or 39% (IQR: 13%–64%) of their follow-up. Significant predictors of failure to maintain LLDAS included LN (p≤0.0062), pre-existing damage (p≤0.0271) and non-white race (p≤0.0013). There were 22%, 20% and 13% of patients who reached SLEDAI-LD, CS-low and LLDAS and nonetheless acquired new damage. Patients with LN had a higher risk of new damage than patients without LN even if achieving low-CS (p=0.009) or LLDAS (p=0.04).ConclusionsPatients with LN and pre-existing damage are at higher risk of increased future damage acquisition, even if achieving a T2T state such as LLDAS. Among proposed common T2T states, the LLDAS is the hardest to achieve and maintain. The LLDAS may be considered the preferred T2T measure as it conveys the highest protection from acquiring additional disease damage.
Modelling sapling density for sugar maple-dominated mixed stands of eastern Canada
Authors: Rijal Baburam , Power Hugues , Auger Isabelle , Duchateau Emmanuel , Schneider Robert , Bédard Steve , Guillemette François 
Published: May 2023

Saplings (tree species whose diameter at breast height ranges from 1.1 to 9.0 cm) are important in forest growth and development. Their abundance and density can lead to specific forest successional trajectories and ecosystem characteristics. Yet, the consideration of saplings in forest management planning is a relatively new topic and is still rarely included in forest growth models. We developed sapling density models for 10 species groups with the objective of providing forest managers with additional tools to support the development of more precise prediction systems. We used dendrometric and environmental variables to model sapling density and species-wise density ratios. We evaluated Poisson and gamma regressions for the modelling of sapling density and zero-inflated logistic regressions to model species ratios. We used repeated measurements (from 1982 to 2019) from permanent sample plots located in hardwood forests in northeastern North America. Our results show that the gamma regression was superior to the Poisson regression. The cross-validated mean bias using gamma regression was 55 stems·ha−1with a relative percentage error of 2.5% and an R2of 0.43. The species-wise sapling density ratio model had an overall R2of 0.93, and the species-wise mean R2ranged between 0.90 and 0.96. Among the examined model covariates, stem density of merchantable-sized trees and latitude were significant in both models. We believe that the models we developed can be useful for forest management planning and sustainable merchantable production.
Accretion onto a static spherically symmetric regular MOG dark compact object
Authors: Nozari Kourosh , Saghafi Sara , Aliyan Fateme 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn astrophysics, the process of a massive body acquiring matter is referred to as accretion. The extraction of gravitational energy occurs as a result of the infall. Since it converts gravitational energy into radiation, accretion onto dark compact objects, e.g. black holes, neutron stars, and white dwarfs is an extremely significant process in the astrophysical context. Accretion process is a fruitful way to explore the features of modified gravity (MOG) theories by testing the behavior of their solutions associated with dark compact objects. In this paper, we study the motion of electrically neutral and charged particles moving in around a regular spherically symmetric MOG dark compact object to explore their related innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) and energy flux. Then, we turn to investigate the accretion of perfect fluid onto the regular spherically symmetric MOG dark compact object. We obtain analytical expressions for four-velocity and proper energy density of the accreting fluid. We see that the MOG parameter increases the ISCO radius of either electrically neutral or charged test particles while it decreases the corresponding energy flux. Moreover, the energy density and the radial component of the four-velocity of the infalling fluid decrease by increasing the MOG parameter near the central source.
One-shot Garbage Collection for In-memory OLTP through Temporality-aware Version Storage
Authors: Raza Aunn , Chrysogelos Periklis , Anadiotis Angelos Christos , Ailamaki Anastasia 
Published: May 2023

Most modern in-memory online transaction processing (OLTP) engines rely on multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) to provide data consistency guarantees in the presence of conflicting data accesses. MVCC improves concurrency by generating a new version of a record on every write, thus increasing the storage requirements. Existing approaches rely on garbage collection and chain consolidation to reduce the length of version chains and reclaim space by freeing unreachable versions. However, finding unreachable versions requires the traversal of long version chains, which incurs random accesses right into the critical path of transaction execution, hence limiting scalability.
This paper introduces OneShotGC, a new multi-version storage design that eliminates version traversal during garbage collection, with minimal discovery and memory management overheads. OneShotGC leverages the temporal correlations across versions to opportunistically cluster them into contiguous memory blocks that can be released in one shot. We implement OneShotGC in Proteus and use YCSB and TPC-C to experimentally evaluate its performance with respect to the state-of-the-art, where we observe an improvement of up to 2x in transactional throughput.
Polaris: Enabling Transaction Priority in Optimistic Concurrency Control
Authors: Ye Chenhao , Hwang Wuh-Chwen , Chen Keren , Yu Xiangyao 
Published: May 2023

Transaction priority is a critical feature for real-world database systems. Under high contention, certain classes of transactions should be given a higher chance to commit than others. Such a prioritization mechanism is commonly implemented in locking-based concurrency control protocols as some lock scheduling mechanisms, but it is rarely supported in the world of optimistic concurrency control.
We present Polaris, an optimistic concurrency control protocol that supports multiple priority levels. To enforce priority, Polaris introduces a minimal amount of pessimism through a lightweight reservation mechanism. The protocol is fully optimistic among transactions within the same priority level and preserves the high throughput advantage of optimistic protocols. Our evaluation with YCSB workload shows that Polaris can make the p999 tail latency of high-priority transactions 13x lower than that of low-priority ones. With an abort-aware priority assignment policy, Polaris can deliver 1.9x higher throughput and 17x lower tail latency compared to Silo for high-contention workloads.
An Efficient Algorithm for Distance-based Structural Graph Clustering
Authors: Liu Kaixin , Wang Sibo , Zhang Yong , Xing Chunxiao 
Published: May 2023

Structural graph clustering (SCAN) is a classic graph clustering algorithm. In SCAN, a key step is to compute the structural similarity between vertices according to the overlap ratio of one-hop neighborhoods. Given two vertices u and v, existing studies only consider the case when u and v are neighbors. However, the structural similarity between non-neighboring vertices in SCAN is always zero, and using only one-hop neighbors on weighted graphs discards the weights on each edge. Both may not reflect the true closeness of two vertices and may fail to return high-quality clustering results.
To tackle this issue, we define and study the distance-based structural graph clustering problem. Given a distance threshold d and two vertices u and v, the structural similarity between u and v is defined as the ratio of their respective neighbors within a distance of no more than d. We show that the newly defined distance-based SCAN achieves better clustering results compared to the vanilla version of SCAN. However, the new definition brings challenges in the computation of final clustering results. To tackle this efficiency issue, we propose DistanceSCAN, an efficient approximate algorithm for solving the distance-based SCAN problem. The main idea of DistanceSCAN is to use all-distances bottom-k sketches (ADS) to speed up the computation of similarities. Given the ADS, we can derive the similarity between two vertices with a bounded cost of O(k).
However, to ensure that the estimated similarity has an approximation guarantee, the value of k still needs to be set to as large as thousands. This brings high computational costs when computing the similarities between neighboring vertices. To tackle this issue, we further construct histograms to prune the structural similarity computations of vertices pairs. Extensive experiments on real datasets validate the effectiveness and efficiency of DistanceSCAN.