bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turbulent mixing in a free jet issuing from
a low aspect ratio contoured rectangular
nozzle
Authors: Quinn W. R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe flow field of a turbulent free jet issuing from a
contoured rectangular nozzle of aspect ratio 2 has
been studied experimentally, using hot-wire
anemometry. The study was undertaken to gain some
understanding of the mixing process within the jet.
Results of the measured and derived mean flow and
turbulence quantities are presented. The three
components of the mean velocity vector, the three
Reynolds normal stresses, the two Reynolds primary
shear stresses, and the flatness factor of the
streamwise fluctuating velocity were measured. Mass
entrainment, turbulence kinetic energy, and the
intermittency factor were derived from the mean
streamwise velocity data, the Reynolds normal stress
data, and the flatness factor data, respectively.
The derived results and the Reynolds primary shear
stress data indicate enhanced near-field mixing of
the present rectangular jet compared to a round
turbulent free jet. The mean streamwise velocity
field changes from a rectangular to an oval and then
to an approximately circular shape at about twenty
equivalent nozzle diameters downstream of the nozzle
exit plane.
A CFD evaluation of three prominent World
War II fighter aircraft
Authors: Lednicer D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe results of a computational fluid dynamics analysis
of three prominent World War II fighter aircraft,
the Supermarine Spitfire, North American P-51
Mustang and Focke Wulf Fwl90 are presented. The goal
of this analysis was to learn the strengths and
weaknesses inherent in the aerodynamics of these
aircraft. Design features covered include
comparisons of the wing designs and calculated total
wetted areas along with a look at specific details
of the aerodynamics of each aircraft. This
information, while historical, still has relevance
in today's world of aircraft design.
Recent advances in lifting surface
methods
Authors: Liu D. D. , Chen P. C. , Yao Z. X. , D. Sarhaddi  
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent advances in two lifting surface methods are
reported. The present subsonic constant pressure
method improves upon the program robustness of the
doublet lattice method. The present unified
supersonic-hypersonic method extends the range of
applicability of lifting surface theory to the
Newtonian limit. Based on a uniformly-valid series
formulation, the method accurately approximates the
non-linear thickness effect, whereas this effect is
neglected by the linear theory and overestimated by
piston theory. In fact, the present results
generally agree well with the trends of several
Euler solutions. Among other findings, cases
computed by the unified method confirm that the
effect of thickness is to reduce the supersonic
flutter speed.
Optimisation techniques for a
unidimensional structure in idealised critical
flutter conditions
Authors: Tizzi S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe paper is focuses on the study of the profile
optimisation of a unidimensional structure in
idealised critical flutter conditions. The problem
has been addressed already by other authors, but
here an original technique is used to search for
some variables at the left hand end of a simply
supported vibrating beam, the knowledge of which is
necessary for the numerical integration of the
governing equations. Additionally, the frequency is
considered as a control parameter. A composite
orthotropic symmetric panel with four layers is
considered and the optimised profiles of all the
structural components determined.
The automatic interpretation of vibration
data from gas turbines
Authors: Allwood R.J. , King S.P. , Pitts N.J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA knowledge-based computer system has been developed to
automatically scan and interpret graphical displays
of vibration data taken from strain gauges mounted
on the blades of gas turbines performing
acceleration tests. The various characteristic lines
which appear on these displays are recognised and
classified and the lines representing modes of
vibration are examined to determine which mode is
being excited and the severity of the excitation.
All lines are compared, by a “blackboard” technique,
against those predicted by the system working from
the engine specification, laboratory tests and
finite element analyses. Any unexpected features are
reported for manual inspection.Several series of tests have now been made on the
system. In the first test on 130 diagrams, every one
of over 3000 features visible to the human eye was
detected and then classified.
Avionics, systems design and
simulation
Authors: Allerton D. J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe paper reviews the developments in avionics over the
last seventy years, focusing on the impact of
computer technology during the last ten years. The
development of aircraft navigation systems is
described, including present day satellite
navigation and terrain reference navigation. The
techniques used in aircraft displays are outlined
including CRTs and LCDs and covering head up
displays, helmet mounted displays and synthetic
displays. The systems architecture which forms the
basis of modem avionics is described, covering the
major aircraft databuses in use including recent
developments in integrated modular avionics.
Developments in real-time software, which has become
a major cost in many programmes, are covered,
leading to the techniques used to ensure aircraft
reliability, particularly fault tolerant
architectures and also safety systems for health
monitoring and recent research in ‘pilot
associates'. The paper also summarises developments
in flight control systems for both civil and
military aircraft. The paper concludes with a brief
review of future developments in avionics,
speculating on the role of pilot in future
aircraft.
Manufacturing technology development for
aerospace composite structures
Authors: Mills A.R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOver the past 20 years, the issue of manufacturing
large composite structures has been intensively
addressed. Military aircraft have seen ambitious
developments which have been transferred
successfully into production. Large commercial
aircraft have seen less ambitious developments
productionised at relatively high cost when compared
to aluminium. This paper reviews developments in
these sectors. Outstanding issues for affordable
manufacture of large composite structures are
discussed with reference to current design and
manufacturing research programmes.
Assessment of non-methyl eugenol-responding lines of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) males on lure response and mating
Authors: Mandanayake Mandanayake A. R. A. , Hee Alvin K. W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a major global pest of fruits. Currently, the sequential male annihilation technique, followed by the sterile insect technique has been used to significantly reduce the population of feral males in this species. However, issues with sterile males being killed by going to male annihilation traps have reduced the efficacy of this approach. The availability of males that are non-methyl eugenol-responding would minimize this issue and increase the efficacy of both approaches. For this, we recently established two separate lines of non-methyl eugenol-responding males. These lines were reared for 10 generations and in this paper, we report on the assessment of males from these lines in terms of methyl eugenol response and mating ability. We saw a gradual decrease in non-responders from ca. 35 to 10% after the 7th generation. Despite that, there were still significant differences until the 10th generation in numbers of non-responders over controls using laboratory strain males. We did not attain pure isolines of non-methyl eugenol-responding males, so we used non-responders from the 10th generation of those lines as sires to initiate two reduced-responder lines. Using these reduced responder flies, we found that there was no significant difference in mating competitiveness when compared with control males. Overall, we suggest that it may be possible to establish lines of low or reduced responder males to be used for sterile release programs, that could be applied until the 10th generation of rearing. Our information will contribute to the further development of an increasingly successful management technique incorporating the use of SIT alongside MAT to contain wild populations of B. dorsalis.
The fragmentation of international investment and tax dispute settlement: A good idea?
Authors: García Olmedo Javier 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe international investment and tax law regimes are undergoing a process of significant reforms that seek to address existing shortcomings of the mechanisms used for the resolution of investment and tax treaty disputes. These reforms show that policymakers are gradually adopting a fragmented approach towards dispute settlement in both fields, with the establishment of different and unco-ordinated mechanisms. This article argues that, instead of fragmenting investment and tax dispute settlement, states should consider establishing a more unified and coherent framework in order to more adequately mitigate the concerns raised in each field.
The production preferences and priming effects of Dutch passives in Arabic/Berber–Dutch and Turkish–Dutch heritage speakers
Authors: van Lieburg Rianne , Hartsuiker Robert , Bernolet Sarah 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCross-linguistic structural priming effects suggest that bilinguals have shared or connected memory representations for similar syntactic structures. This predicts an influence of the production preferences of one language in the other language (Bernolet & Hartsuiker, 2018). We hypothesized that shared structures will lead to a facilitatory effect on production frequencies, whereas connected structures may sometimes lead to an inhibitory effect due to competition between structures. We compared the production preferences and priming effects in Dutch for the frequent by-phrase-final and the uncommon by-phrase-medial passive between Arabic/Berber–Dutch and Turkish–Dutch heritage speakers and native speakers of Dutch. Arabic/Berber–Dutch speakers produced more agentless passives –that is, the alternative shared between their two languages. In contrast, Turkish–Dutch speakers produced less by-phrase-medial passives, although these are less uncommon in Turkish. This inhibition effect suggests that syntactic structures may sometimes be connected rather than shared, although the exact mechanisms behind the inhibitory effects require further research.
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) as a psychological intervention in the treatment of ARFID for children and young people
Authors: Howard Maxine , Hembry Pippa , Rhind Charlotte , Siddall Amy , Uddin Mohammed Fahim , Bryant-Waugh Rachel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAvoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is a condition characterised by a disturbance in eating behaviour that leads to a significant negative impact on physical, social and nutritional health. The diagnosis of ARFID relies on a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary assessment to understand the individual’s history, physical, social and mental health risk, and any co-occurring mental health difficulties. Consensus guidance suggests that psychological treatment, alongside medical and dietetic input is delivered with consideration of any appropriate adaptions to accommodate developmental stage and/or common co-occurring presentations. This paper has been authored by clinicians working in an out-patient setting for children and adolescents with ARFID, and focuses on the presentation and assessment of ARFID and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) approaches that can help children, young people and their families. After an introductory section, the paper is split into four sections: assessment of ARFID; drivers of avoidant restrictive eating behaviour; multi-disciplinary formulation and intervention planning; and treatment. The treatment section provides an overview of the available research on CBT for ARFID, and a brief summary of the broader evidence base for CBT in children and young people with anxiety. Following a review of the evidence base, three case descriptions are provided to illustrate the clinical application of CBT where fear-based avoidance is the main driver. The paper concludes with practice points for clinicians to take forward when working with children and young people with ARFID.Key learning aims(1)To be aware of the international consensus for the use of psychological interventions as a component of ARFID treatment alongside medical and dietetic input.(2)To understand that ARFID is characterised as a disturbance of eating behaviour, and as such, psychological intervention should target the drivers of this disturbance to promote behavioural change.(3)To gain an overview of the multi-disciplinary team assessment as an important tool to understand the contribution of each of the three drivers proposed to underpin an ARFID presentation.(4)To recognise when a CBT approach might be indicated, the current best evidence base for CBT for ARFID and how to adapt CBT to accommodate developmental stage and/or common co-occurring presentations.
Sources of Inter‐Model Diversity in the Strength of the Relationship Between the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall and El Niño‐Southern Oscillation
Authors: Yu Shi‐Yun , Fan Lei , Zheng Xiao‐Tong , Zhang Yu , Zhou Zhen‐Qiang , Li Ziguang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUsing 51 models of the AMIP and historical experiments of CMIP6, we investigate the inter‐model diversity of atmospheric and coupled models in the strength of the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR)–El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) relationship. In atmospheric models, the Walker Circulation (WC) intensity associated with the western Pacific convective activity is most responsible for the inter‐model diversity. Models with strong WC have a strong ISMR–ENSO relationship via enhancing ENSO‐induced anomalies of the WC and monsoon circulation. The secondary source is the monsoon circulation differences associated with meridional rainfall contrast over the Indian monsoon region. In coupled models, the primary (secondary) source is the ENSO amplitude (WC intensity). In observation, the decadal variation of WC can also explain the changes in the ISMR–ENSO relationship. This study provides a basis for improving the model performance and advances our understanding of the observed ISMR–ENSO relationship changes.
A Rapid Intensification Warning Index for Tropical Cyclones Based on the Analog Method
Authors: Lu Deyu , Ding Ruiqiang , Zhong Quanjia , Mao Jiangyu , Zou Qian , Li Jianping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrediction of the rapid intensification (RI) of tropical cyclones (TCs) remains challenging. In this paper, by using information from the early period following TC formation, the rapid intensification warning index (RIWI) is developed based on the analog method. A 10‐year cross‐validation and data from Hurricane Ida (2021) are used to verify its potential application. Results show that the RIWI can efficiently discriminate between RI and non‐RI storms and has a significant positive correlation with the lifetime maximum intensity (LMI) of the TCs. By using this index, an early warning can be issued ∼30 hr before the onset of RI, which is much earlier than the predictions made using the probabilistic Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction System RI index. In addition, by using the RIWI as a predictor, the prediction of LMI provides an early estimate of TC severity.
Cell aggregation is associated with enzyme secretion strategies in marine polysaccharide-degrading bacteria
Authors: D’Souza Glen , Ebrahimi Ali , Stubbusch Astrid , Daniels Michael , Keegstra Johannes , Stocker Roman , Cordero Otto , Ackermann Martin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Polysaccharide breakdown by bacteria requires the activity of enzymes that degrade polymers either intra- or extra-cellularly. The latter mechanism generates a localized pool of breakdown products that are accessible to the enzyme producers themselves as well as to other organisms. Marine bacterial taxa often show marked differences in the production and secretion of degradative enzymes that break down polysaccharides. These differences can have profound effects on the pool of diffusible breakdown products and hence on the ecological dynamics. However, the consequences of differences in enzymatic secretions on cellular growth dynamics and interactions are unclear. Here we study growth dynamics of single cells within populations of marine Vibrionaceae strains that grow on the abundant marine polymer alginate, using microfluidics coupled to quantitative single-cell analysis and mathematical modelling. We find that strains that have low extracellular secretions of alginate lyases aggregate more strongly than strains that secrete high levels of enzymes. One plausible reason for this observation is that low secretors require a higher cellular density to achieve maximal growth rates in comparison with high secretors. Our findings indicate that increased aggregation increases intercellular synergy amongst cells of low-secreting strains. By mathematically modelling the impact of the level of degradative enzyme secretion on the rate of diffusive oligomer loss, we find that enzymatic secretion capability modulates the propensity of cells within clonal populations to cooperate or compete with each other. Our experiments and models demonstrate that enzymatic secretion capabilities can be linked with the propensity of cell aggregation in marine bacteria that extracellularly catabolize polysaccharides.
Organoids and organs-on-chips: insights into predicting the efficacy of systemic treatment in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhu Jialong , Ji Linlin , Chen Yitian , Li Huiyu , Huang Mengxi , Dai Zhe , Wang Jing , Xiang Dan , Fu Gongbo , Lei Zengjie , Chu Xiaoyuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCancer heterogeneity has posed a great challenge to traditional cancer treatment, with the reappearance of cancer heterogeneity of inter and intra patients being especially critical. Based on this, personalized therapy has emerged as significant research focus in recent and even future years. Cancer-related therapeutic models are developing, including cell lines, patient-derived xenografts, organoids, etc. Organoids are three-dimensional in vitro models emerged in the past dozen years and are able to reproduce the cellular and molecular composition of the original tumor. These advantages demonstrate the great potential for patient-derived organoids to develop personalized anticancer therapies, including preclinical drug screening and the prediction of patient treatment response. The impact of microenvironment on cancer treatment cannot be underestimated, and the remodeling of microenvironment also allows organoids to interact with other technologies, among which organs-on-chips is a representative one. This review highlights the use of organoids and organs-on-chips as complementary reference tools in treating colorectal cancer from the perspective of clinical efficacy predictability. We also discuss the limitations of both techniques and how they complement each other well.
Harmonized and Open Energy Dataset for Modeling a Highly Renewable Brazilian Power System
Authors: Deng Ying , Cao Karl-Kiên , Hu Wenxuan , Stegen Ronald , von Krbek Kai , Soria Rafael , Rochedo Pedro Rua Rodriguez , Jochem Patrick 
Published: February 2023

AbstractImprovements in modelling energy systems of populous emerging economies are highly decisive for a successful global energy transition. The models used–increasingly open source–still need more appropriate open data. As an illustrative example, we take the Brazilian energy system, which has great potential for renewable energy resources but still relies heavily on fossil fuels. We provide a comprehensive open dataset for scenario analyses, which can be directly used with the popular open energy system model PyPSA and other modelling frameworks. It includes three categories: (1) time series data of variable renewable potentials, electricity load profiles, inflows for the hydropower plants, and cross-border electricity exchanges; (2) geospatial data on the administrative division of the Brazilian federal states; (3) tabular data, which contains power plant data with installed and planned generation capacities, aggregated grid network topology, biomass thermal plant potential, as well as scenarios of energy demand. Our dataset could enable further global or country-specific energy system studies based on open data relevant to decarbonizing Brazil’s energy system.
ANFIS-based forming limit prediction of stainless steel 316 sheet metals
Authors: Zhang Mingxiang , Meng Zheng , Shariati Morteza 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEffect of microstructure on the formability of the stainless sheet metals is a major concern for engineers in sheet industries. In the case of austenitic steels, existence of strain-induced martensite ($${\alpha }^{^{\prime}}$$

α

′

-martensite) in their micro structure causes considerable hardening and formability reduction. In the present study, we aim to evaluate the formability of AISI 316 steels with different intensities of martensite via experimental and artificial intelligence methods. In the first step, AISI 316 grade steels with 2 mm initial thicknesses are annealed and cold rolled to various thicknesses. Subsequently, the relative area of strain-induced martensite are measured using metallography tests. Formability of the rolled sheets are determined using hemisphere punch test to obtain forming limit diagrams (FLDs). The data obtained from experiments were further utilized to train and validate an artificial neural fuzzy interfere system (ANFIS). After training the ANFIS, predicted major strains by the neural network are compared to a new set experimental results. The results indicate that cold rolling has unfavorable effects on the formability of this type of stainless steels while significantly strengthens the sheets. Moreover, the ANFIS exhibits satisfactory results in comparison to the experimental measurements.
Catalyst free one pot three components synthesis of 2-iminothiazoles from nitroepoxides and thiourea
Authors: Badali Elham , Ziyaei Halimehjani Azim , Habibi Azizollah 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNitroepoxides were introduced as efficient substrates for the one-pot three-component synthesis of 2-iminothiazoles under catalyst-free conditions. Reaction of amines, isothiocyanates, and nitroepoxides in THF at 10–15 °C afforded corresponding 2-iminothiazoles in high to excellent yields. The reaction proceeds via the in situ formation of thiourea from an amine and an isothiocyanate, followed by nitroepoxide ring opening with the sulfur of thiourea, cyclization reaction, and dehydration cascade. The structures of products were confirmed by IR, NMR, HRMS analyses and X-ray crystallography.