bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is There a Genetic Relationship between Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Meningioma? A Case Report of the Analyses of Three Genes
Authors: Surme Mehmet Besir , Demir Fatih , Erol Deniz , Kaplan Metin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMeningiomas are the most common tumors of the central nervous system, and they are generally slow growing and benign. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a life-threatening ltype of cancer that involves the accumulation of peripheral blood vessels and immature cells in the bone marrow. Genetic mutations play an important role in the etiology of both diseases. Therefore, in the case herein presented, we investigated the meningioma 1 (MN1), nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), and Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) genes for possible genetic mutations. A 27-year-old female with a chief complaint of headache and history of lllALL presented with a mass in the left frontal lobe. The pathological analysis revealed a fibroblastic meningioma. However, the three genes were found to be normal in the analysis. In light of these findings, we did not encounter any evidence of a genetic relationship between meningioma and ALL in the present study.
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Is the Time Until Intervention Related to Minor Disabilities in 6 Months?
Authors: Tebelskis Yuri , Rabelo Nícollas Nunes , Pipek Leonardo Zumerkorn , Telles João Paulo Mota , Barbosa Guilherme Bitencourt , Barbat Natalia Camargo , Coelho Antônio Carlos Samaia da Silva , Yoshikawa Marcia Harumy , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhages (aSAHs) account for 5% of all strokes, an appalling number when it comes to the second most common cause of death worldwide. The basis of the treatment is clinical support and either endovascular or surgical intervention. The purpose of the present study is to analyze if the time from the onset of the thunderclap headache until treatment intervention is related to the degree of disability after 6 months.
Methods In the present prospective observational study, data were collected from all patients (n = 223) admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of aSAH. Patients whose data were missing or who missed the follow-up after 6 months were excluded. Then, the number of days from the thunderclap headache until the surgical intervention (Delta T) was obtained. The degree of disability was evaluated using standardized scales, Rankin Scale (RS) and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), at the time of discharge as well as 6 months later. Then, the RS and GOS were correlated with Delta T.
Results An average of 6.8 days was found from the onset of symptoms to the intervention, the average age was 54 years old, 73% were women and 55% were smokers. The mean Glasgow Coma Scale on admission was 13. The mean score on the Hunt and Hess scale was 2.1. From the radiological point of view, the mean size of the aneurysm was 6 mm, and the modified Fisher Scale was 3.1. Of the total number of patients at the end of the study (n = 78), 50 underwent microsurgical treatment (63%). Rankin scale at discharge was 1.9 and GOS was 4.5, with no statistically significant change at 6 months. Analyzing the data distribution using linear regression, no statistically significant correlation was found between the time until treatment and disability using RS and GOS (p > 0.05). The same results were found even analyzing age subgroups (≤ 45 years old, 45 to 55 years old, 55 to 70 years old, and > 70 years old with a p-value > 0.05).
Conclusions The present study suggests that there is no linear correlation between Delta T and disability at 6 months for the population studied. However, more studies are needed to assess whether these findings may be present in other populations, especially with a shorter time from symptoms to intervention, since the greatest risk of rebleeding occurs in the first 3 days after the event.
External Validation of a Clinical Nomogram for Predicting Intracranial Hematoma Following Head Computed Tomography in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Jongjit Apisorn , Tunthanathip Thara 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction Over-investigation of head computed tomography (CT) has been observed in children with TBI. Long-term effects from a head CT brain scan have been addressed and those should be balanced. A nomogram is a simple prediction tool that has been reported for predicting intracranial injuries following a head CT of the brain in TBI children in literature. This study aims to validate the performance of the nomogram using unseen data. Additionally, the secondary objective aims to estimate the net benefit of the nomogram by decision curve analysis (DCA).
Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study with 64 children who suffered from traumatic brain injury (TBI) and underwent a CT of the brain. Nomogram's scores were assigned according to various variables in each patient; therefore sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy and F1 score were estimated by the cross-tabulation of the actual results and the predicted results. Additionally, the benefits of a nomogram were compared with “None” and “All” protocols using DCA.
Results There were 64 children with TBI who underwent a head CT in the present study. From the cross-tabulation, the nomogram had a sensitivity of 0.60 (95%CI 0.29–0.90), specificity of 0.96 (0.91–1.0), PPV of 0.75 (0.44–1.0), NPV of 0.92 (0.86–0.99), accuracy of 0.90 (0.83–0.97), and an F1 score of 0.66 (0.59–0.73). Also, the area under the curve was 0.78 which was defined as acceptable performance. For the DCA at 0.1 high-risk threshold, the net benefit of the nomogram was 0.75, whereas the “All” protocol had the net benefit of 0.40 which was obviously different.
Conclusion A nomogram is a suitable method as an alternative prediction tool in general practice that has advantages over other protocols.
A robust adaptive-thresholding primal-dual sparse recovery for THz imaging
Authors: Tianhe Wang , Ming Jiang , Jinshan Ding , Yuhong Zhang , Zhong Xu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system is a powerful tool in material spectral analysis and non-destructive testing (NDT). However, the data acquisition is time-consuming due to the point-by-point scanning process, which leads to limitations in THz imaging applications. In this paper, a robust adaptive-thresholding primal-dual sparse recovery (APSR) method is proposed to reconstruct high-resolution THz images and reduce the acquisition time. A sparsity averaging dictionary, which is a concatenate of multiple bases, is applied to improve the robustness and generalization. A reweighted

ℓ
1

scheme is also adopted to enhance the sparse solution. As a crucial consideration in the sparse recovery method, we propose a robust adaptive threshold estimator based on the median absolute deviation in the sense that the final threshold determines the reconstruction quality and the convergence rate. Meanwhile, together with the Nesterov acceleration technique, a large threshold can be applied at the beginning of the iteration to help accelerate the convergence. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the APSR method can reconstruct THz images with robustness even with low SNR (of 30 dB) and low sampling rate (of 30%) compared to conventional methods. In the real THz-TDS system, our proposed sparse imaging method can successfully recover a composite object with much fewer THz spectra and reduces the acquisition time to 30% at the cost of a relative error of 2.5%, demonstrating the efficiency of our proposed method and the penetrating ability of THz technology in the NDT applications.
Ellipsometry, transmission, and photoluminescence characterization of Mn-doped ITO thin films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering
Authors: Kaveh Masoud , Lawrence David , Bender Scott , Hirt Daniel , Riffe William , Constantin Costel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Manganese-doped indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films (0–12.8 at% Mn) were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering. The structural, electrical, and optical properties of the films were studied. Optical characterization was emphasized and included ellipsometry, transmission, and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Features of the energy band structure of ITO and Mn-ITO were extracted from PL spectra and Tauc analyses of absorption data. We concluded that the fundamental bandgap of ITO is ∼2.8 eV. A separate deep valence band, ∼0.8 eV below the valence band maximum, was confirmed to be involved in higher energy optical absorption and emission transitions. Both of these observations were consistent with recent published theoretical studies and spectroscopic measurements (XPS, XES, etc). Mn addition was found to result in a decrease of the transition energies. Additionally, Burstein–Moss shifts were observed.
Automated detection of apoptotic bodies and cells in label-free time-lapse high-throughput video microscopy using deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Wu Kwan-Ling , Martinez-Paniagua Melisa , Reichel Kate , Menon Prashant S , Deo Shravani , Roysam Badrinath , Varadarajan Navin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Reliable label-free methods are needed for detecting and profiling apoptotic events in time-lapse cell–cell interaction assays. Prior studies relied on fluorescent markers of apoptosis, e.g. Annexin-V, that provide an inconsistent and late indication of apoptotic onset for human melanoma cells. Our motivation is to improve the detection of apoptosis by directly detecting apoptotic bodies in a label-free manner.

Results
Our trained ResNet50 network identified nanowells containing apoptotic bodies with 92% accuracy and predicted the onset of apoptosis with an error of one frame (5 min/frame). Our apoptotic body segmentation yielded an IoU accuracy of 75%, allowing associative identification of apoptotic cells. Our method detected apoptosis events, 70% of which were not detected by Annexin-V staining.

Availability and implementation
Open-source code and sample data provided at https://github.com/kwu14victor/ApoBDproject.
Extracellular glutamate and GABA transients at the transition from interictal spiking to seizures
Authors: Shimoda Yoshiteru , Leite Marco , Graham Robert T , Marvin Jonathan S , Hasseman Jeremy , Kolb Ilya , Looger Loren L , Magloire Vincent , Kullmann Dimitri M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Focal epilepsy is associated with intermittent brief population discharges (interictal spikes), which resemble sentinel spikes that often occur at the onset of seizures. Why interictal spikes self-terminate whilst seizures persist and propagate is incompletely understood. We used fluorescent glutamate and GABA sensors in an awake rodent model of neocortical seizures to resolve the spatiotemporal evolution of both neurotransmitters in the extracellular space. Interictal spikes were accompanied by brief glutamate transients which were maximal at the initiation site and rapidly propagated centrifugally. GABA transients lasted longer than glutamate transients and were maximal ∼1.5 mm from the focus where they propagated centripetally. Prior to seizure initiation GABA transients were attenuated, whilst glutamate transients increased, consistent with a progressive failure of local inhibitory restraint. As seizures increased in frequency, there was a gradual increase in the spatial extent of spike-associated glutamate transients associated with interictal spikes. Neurotransmitter imaging thus reveals a progressive collapse of an annulus of feed-forward GABA release, allowing seizures to escape from local inhibitory restraint.
Trade Disruption, Industrialisation, and the Setting Sun of British Colonial Rule in India
Authors: Bonfatti Roberto , Brey Björn 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Colonial trade prompted the colonies to specialise in primary products. Did this eliminate industrialisation opportunities in the colonies, and did it make them more politically dependent on the coloniser? To answer these questions, we examine the impact of the World War I trade shock on industrial growth and support for the anti-colonial movement in India. We find that districts more exposed to a drop in imports experienced faster industrial growth in 1911–1921, thereafter remaining on a higher level of industrial employment. All evidence points to an increase in Indian productivities as the reason for this, suggesting that liberal trade policies may not have been optimal for colonial India. We also find that districts, which industrialised faster thanks to WWI were more likely to support the Indian National Congress. This is consistent with the view that specialisation in primary products made the colonies more politically dependent on the coloniser.
Know your rights! A field experiment on legal knowledge, property rights, and investment in Kenya
Authors: Aberra Adam , Chemin Matthieu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Knowledge of the laws is needed for them to have an impact. In this article, we test the effects of disseminating legal knowledge, carefully designed to the particular circumstances of small-scale farmers living with uncertain property rights on their land. We find that greater legal knowledge increases the security of property rights and investment on the land (JEL K4, O1).
Epidemiology and burden of dengue fever in the United States: a systematic review
Authors: Chen Lin H , Marti Carlos , Diaz Perez Clemente , Jackson Bianca M , Simon Alyssa M , Lu Mei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundDengue is currently a global concern. The range of dengue vectors is expanding with climate change, yet United States of America (USA) studies on dengue epidemiology and burden are limited. This systematic review sought to characterize the epidemiology and disease burden of dengue within the USA.MethodsStudies evaluating travel-related and endemic dengue in US states and territories were identified and qualitatively summarized. Commentaries and studies on ex-US cases were excluded. MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Latin American and Caribbean Center of Health Sciences Information, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched through January 2022.Results116 studies were included. In US states, dengue incidence was generally low, with spikes occurring in recent years in 2013–16 (0.17–0.31 cases/100,000) and peaking in 2019 (0.35 cases/100,000). Most cases (94%, n = 7895, 2010–21) were travel related. Dengue was more common in Puerto Rico (cumulative average: 200 cases/100,000, 1980–2015); in 2010–21, 99.9% of cases were locally acquired. There were &lt;50 severe cases in US states (2010–17); fatal cases were even rarer. Severe cases in Puerto Rico peaked in 1998 (n = 173) and 2021 (n = 76). Besides lower income, risk factors in US states included having birds in residence, suggesting unspecified environmental characteristics favourable to dengue vectors. Commonly reported symptoms included fever, headache and rash; median disease duration was 3.5–11 days. Hospitalization rates increased following 2009 World Health Organization disease classification changes (pre-2009: 0–54%; post-2009: 14–75%); median length of stay was 2.7–8 days (Puerto Rico) and 2–3 days (US states). Hospitalization costs/case (2010 USD) were$14 350 (US states),$1764–$5497 (Puerto Rico) and$4207 (US Virgin Islands). In Puerto Rico, average days missed were 0.2–5.3 (work) and 2.5 (school).ConclusionsThough dengue risk is ongoing, treatments are limited, and dengue's economic burden is high. There is an urgent need for additional preventive and therapeutic interventions.
Tensor Decomposition-based Feature Extraction and Classification to Detect Natural Selection from Genomic Data
Authors: Amin Md Ruhul , Hasan Mahmudul , Arnab Sandipan Paul , DeGiorgio Michael 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Inferences of adaptive events are important for learning about traits, such as human digestion of lactose after infancy and the rapid spread of viral variants. Early efforts toward identifying footprints of natural selection from genomic data involved development of summary statistic and likelihood methods. However, such techniques are grounded in simple patterns or theoretical models that limit the complexity of settings they can explore. Due to the renaissance in artificial intelligence, machine learning methods have taken center stage in recent efforts to detect natural selection, with strategies such as convolutional neural networks applied to images of haplotypes. Yet, limitations of such techniques include estimation of large numbers of model parameters under nonconvex settings and feature identification without regard to location within an image. An alternative approach is to use tensor decomposition to extract features from multidimensional data although preserving the latent structure of the data, and to feed these features to machine learning models. Here, we adopt this framework and present a novel approach termed T-REx, which extracts features from images of haplotypes across sampled individuals using tensor decomposition, and then makes predictions from these features using classical machine learning methods. As a proof of concept, we explore the performance of T-REx on simulated neutral and selective sweep scenarios and find that it has high power and accuracy to discriminate sweeps from neutrality, robustness to common technical hurdles, and easy visualization of feature importance. Therefore, T-REx is a powerful addition to the toolkit for detecting adaptive processes from genomic data.
COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Del Vecchio Lucia , Balafa Olga , Dounousi Evangelia , Ekart Robert , Fernandez Beatriz Fernandez , Mark Patrick B , Sarafidis Pantelis , Valdivielso Jose M , Ferro Charles J , Mallamaci Francesca 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Millions of people worldwide have chronic kidney disease (CKD). Affected patients are at high risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease for several reasons. Among various comorbidities, CKD is associated with the more severe forms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This is particularly true for patients receiving dialysis or for kidney recipients. From the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, several CV complications have been observed in affected subjects, spanning acute inflammatory manifestations, CV events, thrombotic episodes and arrythmias. Several pathogenetic mechanisms have been hypothesized, including direct cytopathic viral effects on the myocardium, endothelial damage and hypercoagulability. This spectrum of disease can occur during the acute phase of the infection, but also months after recovery. This review is focussed on the CV complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with particular interest in their implications for the CKD population.
Rev–Rev Response Element Activity Selection Bias at the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission Bottleneck
Authors: Jackson Patrick E H , Holsey Jordan , Turse Lauren , Hammarskjold Marie-Louise , Rekosh David 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is inefficient and results in selection of viral variants based on incompletely understood factors. Functional variation in the Rev–Rev response element (RRE) regulatory axis of HIV affect replication kinetics and relative expression of viral proteins. We explored whether differences in this axis among viral isolates affect transmission fitness.

Methods
HIV sequences were identified from nine female-to-male transmission pairs. Using a rapid flow cytometric assay, we analyzed Rev-RRE functional activity of primary isolates.

Results
Rev-RRE activity was significantly lower in recipient viruses compared with corresponding donor viruses. In most transmission events, recipient virus Rev-RRE activity clustered at the extreme low end of the range of donor virus activity.

Conclusions
These data indicate selection pressure on the Rev-RRE axis during female-to-male sexual transmission. Variation in Rev-RRE activity may permit viral adaptation to different fitness landscapes and could play an important role in HIV pathogenesis.
Morality as the Enduring Basis of Public Opinion
Authors: Ben-Nun Bloom Pazit 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter shows the immense progress made in the last decade in the study of morality in public opinion and discusses some of the complexities of the morality–politics nexus. It starts by reviewing the plethora of theoretical definitions for morality in politics, and then probes how morality might serve as the basis of public opinion by examining how it translates into political attitudes. Next, the chapter reviews the main findings in this burgeoning literature. It describes the links between moral attitudes and ideology and, in particular, possible ideological asymmetry in moral thinking, and moves to review the role of morality as a source of elite rhetoric, a vehicle for political activism, a driver of extremism and polarization, and a key dimension in voter evaluations of politicians. This is followed by a discussion of measurement, and finally concludes with thoughts about the future of the field.
Prejudice and Politics
Authors: Kinder Donald R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews the literature on the intersection between prejudice and politics, focused largely on prejudice and politics in the United States. The first two sections of the chapter spell out the meaning of “race” and then “prejudice.” The next section reviews what we have learned recently about the decline of biological racism, the meaning and measurement of modern racism, and the growing interest in the political relevance of implicit racism. The following section, and the heart of the chapter, summarizes evidence on the part played by prejudice in shaping the political lives of Americans on consequential matters. The final section considers, in light of recent events in the United States (and elsewhere in the developed world), the prospects for democracy in a society divided by race.
Political Decision-Making
Authors: Lau Richard R. , Redlawsk David P. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a general framework for studying individual political decision-making that applies to both everyday citizens and to political elites. Focusing primarily on mass behavior, it presents this framework within a broader cognitive perspective of humans as limited-capacity information processors who have developed at least two quite distinct modes of processing, one preconscious, automatic, low effort, and extremely fast (System 1); the other conscious, volitional, high effect, and relatively slow (System 2). After a brief foray into rational choice theory, the chapter spends much more time with behavioral decision theory and its bounded rationality perspective on how people normally cope with their cognitive limits. The strengths and weaknesses of various methods for studying decision-making are reviewed. Four broad types of decision strategies are discussed: dispassionate, confirmatory, fast and frugal, and intuitive. The effects of integral and incidental emotions on decision-making are also reviewed. The chapter concludes by considering the effects of decision strategy on decision quality and learning.